jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Non-destructive Testing Method for Moisture Content of Oil-paper Insulation Based on Terahertz Dielectric Response

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The detection for moisture content in oil-paper insulation has become an important part of power transformer maintenance. However, the existing and widely used chemical titration method is a kind of destructive and time-consuming detection method. Therefore, it is of great significance to study non-destructive testing methods of oil-paper insulation moisture content. Moreover, because it can be applied to monitor molecular-scale dynamic polarization phenomenon of water, terahertz (THz) dielectric relaxation spectroscopy could provide a valuable experimental window into the evaluation of moisture content in oil-paper insulation. Samples with different moisture content (0.4%-4.6%) were prepared by drying at different temperatures. The experimental results show that with the rising moisture content, the complex dielectric constant of oil-paper insulation in THz band increase, and these data can be fitted with relaxation-resonance model including two-Debye model and a damped resonance term, which could be used to interpret possible micro-mechanism of polarization phenomenon caused by trace moisture in oil-paper insulation. Based on the high frequency polarization characteristics of water in oil-paper insulation, this paper proposed a reliability and meaningful index for moisture detection from THz dielectric spectroscopy.
Security Analysis of Related-Key Rectangle Attack on the Block Cipher HIGHT with Optimal Shuffle

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

사물인터넷 기술의 발달로 인해 소형 컴퓨팅 장치가 보편화되고 있으며, 경량 환경에서의 정보보호를 위한 경량 암호 알고리즘의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. HIGHT는 이러한 경량 환경에 적합하도록 2006년 설계된 국산 경량 암호 알고리즘이다. 그러나 해당 알고리즘은 연관키 렉탱글 공격 기법을 사용해 전체 라운드 키 복구가 키 전수조사 시간 복잡도보다 빠르게 가능함이 이론적으로 밝혀진 바 있다. 본 논문에서는 FSE 2010에서 제안된 generalized feistel network의 optimal shuffle을 HIGHT의 구조에 적용한 HIGHT-variant의 안전성에 대해 논하며, 결과적으로 local collision 기법을 이용한 연관키 렉탱글 공격은 HIGHT-variant 분석에 효과적이지 않음을 보인다.
knowlesi Infection Detected by Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Malaria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We describe a PCR-confirmed case of Plasmodium knowlesi infection with a high parasitemia level and clinical signs of severe malaria in a migrant worker from Malaysian Borneo in the Netherlands. Investigations showed that commercially available rapid antigen tests for detection of human Plasmodium infections can detect P. knowlesi infections in humans. The malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi naturally occurs in long-tailed and pig-tailed macaques that inhabit forested areas in Southeast Asia. P. knowlesi can be transmitted from monkeys to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito (1), but infection with P. knowlesi was traditionally regarded as a rare disease, occurring only sporadically in humans. However, recent findings of a large number of infected patients in Malaysian Borneo; other reports of human cases in Thailand, Myanmar, the Philippines, and Singapore; and some reports of P. knowlesi malaria acquired by travelers to the Malaysian Borneo suggest that P. knowlesi may be more widespread among humans than previously thought (2–7). Unfortunately, microscopic analysis of asexual stages of P. knowlesi can misidentify these parasites as P. malariae (3,4). Unlike P. malariae, which multiplies every 3 days in the blood and never results in severe infections, P. knowlesi multiplies daily, and high parasitemia with death in humans can occur (4). Therefore, early diagnosis and immediate treatment is warranted. Although PCR and sequencing are used in species confirmation, a more rapid
Living on borrowed time (c. 1560–c. 1630)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the midwinter of 1616/17, Barbara Sontheimer of Dietratried married the widower Caspar Herz of Leupolz under less than ideal circumstances. She was not a virgin, he was landless, and no part of the story – including its eventual happy ending – makes sense outside the context of peasant inheritance practices.
Annexin A1: A Central Player in the Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Role of Microglia

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract The brain microenvironment is continuously monitored by microglia with the detection of apoptotic cells or pathogens being rapidly followed by their phagocytosis to prevent inflammatory responses. The protein annexin A1 (ANXA1) is key to the phagocytosis of apoptotic leukocytes during peripheral inflammatory resolution, but the pathophysiological significance of its expression in the CNS that is restricted almost exclusively to microglia is unclear. In this study, we test the hypothesis that ANXA1 is important in the microglial clearance of apoptotic neurons in both noninflammatory and inflammatory conditions. We have identified ANXA1 to be sparingly expressed in microglia of normally aged human brains and to be more strongly expressed in Alzheimer’s disease. Using an in vitro model comprising microglial and neuronal cell lines, as well as primary microglia from wild-type and ANXA1 null mice, we have identified two distinct roles for microglial ANXA1: 1) controlling the noninflammatory phagocytosis of apoptotic neurons and 2) promoting resolution of inflammatory microglial activation. In particular, we showed that microglial-derived ANXA1 targets apoptotic neurons, serving as both an “eat me” signal and a bridge between phosphatidylserine on the dying cell and formyl peptide receptor 2 on the phagocytosing microglia. Moreover, inflammatory activation of microglia impairs their ability to discriminate between apoptotic and nonapoptotic cells, an ability restored by exogenous ANXA1. We thus show that ANXA1 is fundamental for brain homeostasis, and we suggest that ANXA1 and its peptidomimetics can be novel therapeutic targets in neuroinflammation.
A Grid of UniformlySpaced Rods Parallel toa Plate or between and ParalleltoTwo Parallel Plates

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

From a study ongratings forcertain typesofEMP simulators, thecharge distribution iscalculated onagrid ofuniformly spaced rodsintwodifferent cases, namely, i)agridofrodsabove aground plane andii) agrid ofrodsbetween twoparallel plates. In eachcasenumerical calculations arecarried outforboththemax- mum valueofthenormalcomponent oftheelectric field atthesur- faceofeachrodandtheeffective electric height ofthegrid, i.e., the distance betweentwoparallel plates having thesamecapacitance perunitcellastheconsidered grid. Different expressions ofthe potential duetoatwo-dimensional lattice oflinecharges arealso derived.
Increasing severity with unchanged in-hospital mortality in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF) at a respiratory ward-based non-invasive ventilation (NIV) unit

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: There has been a 462% increase in acute NIV use in COPD (Chandra D et al. AJRCCM 2011) over 11 years in the United States with similar changes in the UK, where this has led to the movement of NIV provision out of critical care. We analyse temporal trends in the severity and outcomes of ward-based NIV practices. Methods: In-house NIV registry data compared: 01/08/04 -31/01/06 (Period 1) vs 01/01/11 – 30/06/12 (Period 2) at our 11-bedded ward-based NIV unit in a central England acute hospital, analysing mortality, duration of NIV and initial arterial pH. Results: AHRF: 281 episodes in Period 1 and 240 in Period 2; acute exacerbations of COPD similar proportion (about 70%) in both periods; initial arterial pH significantly lower in Period 2 (median pH 7.280 vs 7.261: see figure); mean duration of NIV was significantly higher (median length of NIV 4 days vs 6 days), in-hospital mortality similar (21.6% vs. 22.7%). Discussion: Compared to 2004, the ward-based NIV unit is treating more severely ill AHRF patients who are spending longer periods under acute NIV with no significant change in mortality. Further analysis of population characteristics, co-morbid risk factors for respiratory failure and Domiciliary NIV/Home Mechanical Ventilation practices are needed to inform health policy/strategies to deal with long term respiratory conditions.
Modular Assembly of Acridines by Integrating Photo‐Excitation of o‐Alkyl Nitroarenes with Copper‐Promoted Cascade Annulation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Acridine frameworks stand as pivotal architectural elements in pharmaceuticals and photocatalytic applications, owing to their chemical adaptability, biological activity, and unique excited‐state dynamics. Conventional synthetic routes often entail specialized starting materials, anaerobic or moisture‐free conditions, and elaborate multi‐stage manipulations for incorporating diverse functionalities. Herein, we present a convergent approach integrating photo‐excitation of readily available ortho ‐alkyl nitroarenes with copper‐promoted cascade annulation. This innovative system enables an aerobic, one‐pot reaction of o‐ alkyl nitroarenes with arylboronic acids, thereby streamlining the modular construction of a wide array of acridine derivatives with various functional groups. This encompasses symmetrical, unsymmetrical and polysubstituted varieties, some of which are otherwise exceptionally difficult to synthesize. Furthermore, it significantly improves the production of structurally varied acridinium salts, featuring enhanced photophysical properties, high excited state potentials ( E * red =2.08–3.15 V), and exhibiting superior performance in intricate photoredox transformations.
Applications of operations research in sea-land intermodal transportation

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Operations Research (OR) is the discipline of analytical and mathematical methods to aid decision making. It has been an active field of research in the past decades and there are numerous applications of OR in various industries. This paper seeks to highlight the OR techniques that has been proposed for vehicle routing problem associated with trucking operations. The survey of different OR methods are done through a literature review and evaluated on four criteria: speed, accuracy, simplicity and flexibility. A case study in presented to illustrate the benefits of these OR techniques employed by Coca-Cola Enterprises. Subsequently, the paper examines the barriers to adopting OR in an integrated sea-land intermodal transportation chain. Lastly, a case study is included to demonstrate how these barriers are overcome.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Heterocyclic System: 1(5)H‐1,5‐Diazacycl[3.3.2]azine‐2,4‐dione (VII).

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Technical Improvement for ZG15Cr1Mo1V Valve Body Castings

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The reason causing the crack defect in ZG15Cr1Mo1V valve body casting was analyzed. According to the analysis results the casting technology was improved from aspects such as the design of gating and feeding system, setting up of local chilling, improvement of core collapsibility, control of pouring temperature and pouring speed, and so on. Finally, the crack in ZG15Cr1Mo1V valve body casting was eliminated and the casting quality and economic benefit were improved greatly.
Microwave-assisted one-pot two-step imine formation–hetero-Diels–Alder–detosylation/aromatization sequence: direct access to dibenzo[b,h][1,6]naphthyridines

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A microwave-assisted, copper-catalyzed, one-pot, two-step synthesis of benzofused[1,6]naphthyridines is established.
Analyzing Menton Deviation in Posteroanterior Cephalogram in Early Detection of Temporomandibular Disorder

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Introduction . Some clinicians believed that mandibular deviation leads to facial asymmetry and it also had a correlation with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Posteroanterior (PA) cephalogram was widely reported as a regular record in treating facial asymmetry and craniofacial anomalies. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship of menton deviation in PA cephalogram with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) symptoms. Materials and Methods . TMJ function was initially screened based on TMD-DI questionnaire. PA cephalogram of volunteer subjects with TMDs (n=37) and without TMDs (n=33) with mean age of 21.61±2.08 years was taken. The menton deviation was measured by the distance (mm) from menton point to midsagittal reference (MSR) horizontally, using software digitized measurement, and categorized as asymmetric if the value is greater than 3 mm. The prevalence and difference of menton deviation in both groups were evaluated by unpaired t-test. Result . The prevalence of symmetry group showed that 65.9% had no TMDs with mean of 1,815 ± 0,71 mm; in contrast, the prevalence of asymmetry group showed that 95.5% reported TMDs with mean of 3,159 ± 1,053 mm. There was a significant difference of menton deviation to TMDs (p=0.000) in subjects with and without TMDs. Conclusion . There was a significant relationship of menton deviation in PA cephalogram with TMDs based on TMD-DI index.
Visualization of the Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporter in Living Cholinergic Cells

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We regret that we must retract the article Visualization of the Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporter in Living Cholinergic Cells by M. S. Santos, J. Barbosa Jr., C. Kushmerick, M. V. Gomez, V. F. Prado, and M. A. M. Prado ( J. Neurochem . 74 , 2425‐2435 , 2000). We have made an unintentional mistake in the construction of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) vectors, and consequently the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) and its truncated forms are incorrectly expressed. We have repeated the key experiments with proper constructs and have found that the expression pattern is clearly different from that reported in the article. The truncated form of VAChT, without the C‐terminal tail, presents a distinct pattern of expression when compared to VAChT, and we have found no evidence that the C‐terminal tail of VAChT is able to drive EGFP to varicosity sites. As a consequence of this problem, our earlier conclusions were incorrect. We apologize for this mistake and for any problems that we may have caused.
Retrieving design patterns by case-based reasoning and Formal Concept Analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Design patterns are applied to solve the recurring software design problems. Unfortunately, choosing appropriate design patterns for the specific design problem is considered a difficult task. A search tool is, therefore, needed to supports selection. However, the existing design pattern searching methodologies generally have problems on keyword-search problem. In this paper, we proposed an initial model to solve the problem by using Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) and Formal Concept Analysis (FCA). For the proposed model, a case base is created to represent design patterns. FCA is used to be case organization that analyze case base for obtain knowledge embedded. The knowledge can suggest suitable indexes to use for new problem. This method is beneficial for learning index. This paper discusses the basis theoretical of representation and retrieval design patterns for this inprogress research, along with some preliminary result.
Transition to Ductal Stenting for Single Ventricle Patients Led to Improved Survival: An Institutional Case Series

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The use of systemic-to-pulmonary shunts (SPS) in neonates with single ventricle heart defects and ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow (ddPBF) was historically associated with high morbidity and mortality at our center. As a result, we transitioned to the preferential use of ductus arteriosus stents (DS) when feasible. This report describes our initial results with this strategy. Methods: A single-center study of single ventricle patients that received DS or SPS from 2015 to 2019 was performed to assess whether DS was associated with decreased in-hospital morbidity and increased survival to stage II palliation. Results: A total of 34 patients were included (DS = 11; SPS = 23). Underlying cardiac anomalies were similar between groups and included pulmonary atresia, unbalanced atrioventricular septal defect, and tricuspid atresia. Procedure success was similar between groups (82% vs 83%). Two DS patients were converted to SPS, due to ductal vasospasm or pulmonary artery obstruction, and four SPS patients required surgical shunt revision. In DS patients, postprocedure mechanical ventilation duration was shorter (one vs three days, P = .009) and fewer required postprocedure extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (9% vs 39%, P = .11). A higher proportion of DS patients survived to stage II palliation (100% vs 64%, P = .035), and the probability of one-year survival was higher in DS patients (100% vs 61%, P = .02). Conclusions: At our center, patients with single ventricle heart defects and ddPBF that received DS experienced reduced in-hospital morbidity and increased survival to stage II palliation compared to SPS.
In vivo genotoxicity of estragole in maleF344 rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Estragole, a naturally occurring constituent of various herbs and spices, is a rodent liver carcinogen which requires bio‐activation. To further understand the mechanisms underlying its carcinogenicity, genotoxicity was assessed in F344 rats using the comet, micronucleus (MN), and DNA adduct assays together with histopathological analysis. Oxidative damage was measured using human 8‐oxoguanine‐DNA‐ N ‐glycosylase (hOGG1) and EndonucleaseIII (EndoIII)‐modified comet assays. Results with estragole were compared with the structurally related genotoxic carcinogen, safrole. Groups of seven‐week‐old male F344 rats received corn oil or corn oil containing 300, 600, or 1,000 mg/kg bw estragole and 125, 250, or 450 mg/kg bw safrole by gavage at 0, 24, and 45 hr and terminated at 48 hr. Estragole‐induced dose‐dependent increases in DNA damage following EndoIII or hOGG1 digestion and without enzyme treatment in liver, the cancer target organ. No DNA damage was detected in stomach, the non‐target tissue for cancer. No elevation of MN was observed in reticulocytes sampled from peripheral blood. Comet assays, both without digestion or with either EndoIII or hOGG1 digestion, also detected DNA damage in the liver of safrole‐dosed rats. No DNA damage was detected in stomach, nor was MN elevated in peripheral blood following dosing with safrole suggesting that, as far both safrole and estragole, oxidative damage may contribute to genotoxicity. Taken together, these results implicate multiple mechanisms of estragole genotoxicity. DNA damage arises from chemical‐specific interaction and is also mediated by oxidative species. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 56:356–365, 2015. © 2014 Crown copyright.
Nonionic block polymer surfactants enhance the avidity of antibodies in polyclonal antisera against Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 in normal and Xid mice.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Avidities of antibody (sub)classes in polyclonal antisera against Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 (S3) can be (semi) quantitatively determined with a specific inhibition ELISA. A hexasaccharide was isolated from the hydrolyzed S3 capsular polysaccharide and coupled to a protein-carrier. Mixtures containing these conjugates and nonionic block polymer (NBP) surfactants were used for immunization. After various immunizations of these conjugates without NBP the anti-S3 specific antibodies of IgM and IgG2a isotype decreased in both antibody level and avidity. The adjuvants NBP 1501 and L121 not only enhanced the hexasaccharide-protein induced IgM and IgG antibody levels but also clearly increased the avidity of the two antibody (sub)classes IgM and IgG2a. This effect was observed in normal (data not shown) and X-linked immunodefective mice. A maturation of the IgG antibody response was realized by the second immunization with hexasaccharide-protein conjugate whereas the third immunization showed no further increase in antibody level and avidity.
The ischymetric control of feeding.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The physiological mechanism of the control of feeding is analyzed in the light of the ischymetric hypothesis which proposes that feeding is controlled by the intensity of the metabolism free from the energetic cost of muscular effort. This part of the metabolism was designated métabolisme de fond. To measure métabolisme de fond in relation to feeding a specific metabolic device has been developed. It was shown that métabolisme de fond decreased before meals, either spontaneously or experimentally induced. Métabolisme de fond reached its zenith when the meal ended; i.e. métabolisme de fond is an excellent predictor of feeding responses. On the contrary, the respiratory quotient, which reflects the ratio of glucose to fat utilization did not exhibit any specific change in favor of a glucostatic or lipostatic mechanism. Therefore, it is proposed that the ischymetric model of feeding expresses the physiological mechanism of the control of feeding better than the various moleculostatic hypotheses, and particularly the glucostatic hypothesis.
Spatial Asymmetry in Tree-shrub Clusters in a Subtropical Savanna

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Plateau live oak (Quercus virginiana var. fusiformis) is thought to act as a nurse plant to other woody species in the upland savannas of the Edwards Plateau of central Texas; however, little is known of the nature, extent and duration of this facilitation. We tested the hypothesis that spatial asymmetry exists in the composition of the understory woody plant community associated with live oak trees that would indicate facilitative effects of the oak canopy on understory microclimate. The central live oaks in 20 discrete tree-shrub clusters sampled at a location in the eastern Edwards Plateau were relatively large and possessed a dense understory of 5 to 11 species of shrubs and small trees. Both adult and juvenile woody plants were nonuniformly distributed around the central live oak with significantly more individuals and species found in the northern than southern halves of clusters. No statistical differences were found between northern (NE vs. NW) or southern (SE vs. SW) quadrants or between eastern and western sides. Similar patterns were found for total cover (canopy and basal diameter) of adults and density and cover of Juniperus ashei, the dominant understory species. Neither the degree of this asymmetry or extent of understory development (i.e., total shrub density or species richness) was related to the size of the central live oak. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that microclimate modification by the live oak overstory is an important and perhaps persistent mechanism of facilitation in these woody clusters. These findings also suggest that processes structuring these live oak clusters differ from those of other tree-shrub clusters in subtropical savannas in this general region.