jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Fever and Ulcerative Skin Lesions in a Patient Referred for Altered Mental Status: Clinical and Microbiological Diagnosis of Ulceroglandular Tularemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Tularemia is a devastating disease that affects multiple organ systems and can have several different presentations. In its most frequent form—that of ulceroglandular tularemia—a detailed history and physical examination can enable a physician to make the diagnosis clinically, leading to the prompt initiation of the appropriate antibiotic treatment. Detailed Case Description: A 63-year-old man was brought by ambulance to the emergency department for an evaluation of an altered mental status noted by his psychiatrist at a telehealth appointment. A physical examination revealed a fever and two ulcerative lesions with a central eschar on his left leg (of which the patient was unaware) with ipsilateral tender inguinal lymphadenopathy. When asked, the patient recalled visiting Martha’s Vineyard and having removed ticks from his legs. Gentamicin was administered on the clinical suspicion of ulceroglandular tularemia. Blood and skin lesion cultures grew Gram-negative rods, which were confirmed to be Francisella tularensis on hospital day eight, and the patient fully recovered. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of clinician perception of altered mental status as a key alarm sign, the necessity of a thorough physical exam independent of the chief compliant in the emergency department, and the essential role of pattern recognition by front-line providers for the appropriate management of uncommon but serious infections such as tularemia.
Building Trust in E-Commerce through Web Interface

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The emergence of Internet has revolutionalized the way businesses are conducted. The impact of e-commerce is pervasive, both on companies and society as a whole. It has the potential to impact the pace of economic development and in turn influence the process of human development at the global level. However, the growth in e-commerce is being impaired by the issue of trust in the buyer-seller relationship which is arising due to the virtual nature of e-commerce environment. The online trading environment is constrained by a number of factors including web interface that in turn influences user experience. This article identifies various dimensions of web interface that have the potential to influence trust in e-commerce. The empirical evidence presented in the article is based on a survey of the web interfaces of 65 Indian e-Marketplaces.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
Dynamic switching in predator attack and maternal defence of prey

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

© 2016 The Linnean Society of LondonPredator and prey relationships are dynamic and interrelated. Thus, any offensive behaviour will vary according to differing defensive behaviours, or vice versa, within each species in any predator–prey system. However, most studies are one-sided as they focus on just one behaviour, that of either the predator or prey. Here, we examine both predatory behaviour of an oophagus katydid and antipredator behaviour by a frog with egg-stage parental care. Katydid offensive behaviour and predation success was greater in females and increased with predator maturity and size. Frog defensive behaviour was sex specific, probably because only mothers provide parental care. Defensive behaviour could be active, such as charging predators, or passive, such as sheltering eggs, with greater active defence against larger predators; neither was influenced by offspring age. These results are contrary to existing theory, which argues parental investment ought to be negatively correlated with parental predation risks and affected by offspring age. This study highlights the use of antipredator behaviour to test predictions of parental investment theories in amphibians. In addition, it illustrates the need to consider factors that influence both species concurrently when examining the complex interaction between predators and parents.
Determinants of attitude towards and purchase intention of private label brands in Ecuador

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to explain which factors influence the attitude towards private label products and their purchase intention in Ecuador. In this regard, the hypothetical effects of store image, familiarity with the private brand, its perceived quality and risk, and customers’ price consciousness, are studied. A survey distributed online was implemented, obtaining a final sample of 224 customers of the main supermarket chain in Ecuador: Supermaxi. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed, and a structural equations model was tested by consistent Partial Least Squares. Among the most relevant findings, it was found that attitudes towards private brands are a critical determinant of purchase intention; that a better image of the supermarket reduces the perceived risk, fostering consumer’s purchase intention. Familiarity with the private brand positively affects perceived quality, which, along with price consciousness, contributes to building attitudes towards private brands. Taken together, these results suggest that supermarkets should work on the tangible and intangible aspects that create store image to contribute to private brands sales. We also recommend marketing tactics such as product samples and testimonials to build brand familiarity among consumers, which along with meeting quality expectations will improve attitudes toward and purchase intention of private label brands. Finally, supermarkets need to be aware of those product categories in which consumers are most price-conscious in order to highlight the savings derived from private label products and promote more sales.
S3091 Noncirrhotic Portal Hypertension in Turner’s Syndrome: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Turner's syndrome is one the most common chromosomal aneuploidies in humans. Although it can affect multiple organs, involvement of gastrointestinal (GI) organs is rare. Case Description/Methods: A 20-year-old female with history of Turner's syndrome with premature ovarian failure and mild mitral regurgitation was evaluated for easy fatigability and bruising. Laboratory assessment indicated pancytopenia. Peripheral blood smear showed a variety of red cell shape abnormalities and bone marrow biopsy showed normal cellular marrow. Computed tomography of the chest, abdomen and pelvis with and without contrast showed severe splenomegaly, tiny varices in the anterior mediastinum along the gastrohepatic ligament, and no portal vein thrombosis. Abdominal ultrasound examination revealed severe diffuse heterogeneity of the liver parenchyma with a slightly nodular hepatic contour and Fibroscan indicated mild steatosis S1 with advanced fibrosis F3. She underwent liver biopsy which showed focal mature fibrous expansion of some portal tracts, with delicate bridging fibrosis, as well as patchy increase in the number of small portal arteries with occasional increased thickness of arterial wall, subtle lobular parenchymal changes, suggestive of porto-sinusoidal vascular disease with no evidence of cirrhosis. Upper GI endoscopy revealed grade 2 esophageal varices and erythematous mucosa in stomach, suggestive of portal hypertension. Considering the definitive clinical signs of portal hypertension (gastroesophageal varices), the absence of cirrhosis on liver biopsy and histologic signs of porto-sinusoidal vascular disease, she was diagnosed with non-cirrhotic portal hypertension due to porto-sinusoidal vascular disease. She was started on propranolol for gastroesophageal varices and her heart rate is currently well-controlled. Follow-up abdominal ultrasound is negative for further changes in the liver size, morphology, or masses. Discussion: Turner’s syndrome might be associated with non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. High index of clinical suspicion can lead to early diagnosis and treatment of portal hypertension in individuals with Turner’s syndrome, reducing the burden of complications of portal hypertension such as cytopenia or bleeding.
Machinery traffi c and cover crop eff ects on water infi ltration rate in a Xanthic Hapludox

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The effects of machinery traffic and cover crops on soil physical properties have been underexplored under no-till agricultural production in subtropical environments. The objective of this study was to quantify the soil water infiltration rate and related soil physical properties in response to tractor traffic levels (0, 2, 5, and 20 passes) and the presence or absence of cover crops in a Xanthic Hapludox soil over two growing seasons under no-till conditions. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design arranged in a factorial scheme with four replications. The traffic factor was constituted by the number of passes with a 6 Mg weight tractor. The winter crop management practices factor consisted of the cover crops (i) black oat (Avena strigosa) in 2017 and turnip (Raphanus sativus var. oleiferus) in 2018 compared with (ii) fallow with spontaneous vegetation. The soil water infiltration rate increased with cover crops when compared to fallow. Regarding tractor traffic levels, shortly after soil compaction, there was a lower water infiltration rate at 20 passes, 45 mm h-1 lower than the absence of tractor traffic. The soil water infiltration rate was positively correlated with macroporosity and negatively correlated with soil bulk density. After 14 months of soil compaction caused by tractor traffic, an improvement in the soil physical properties and the water infiltration rate was found, which were enhanced by the inclusion of cover crops.
Aberrant Alternative Splicing of Thyroid Hormone Receptor in a TSH-Secreting Pituitary Tumor Is A Mechanism for Hormone Resistance

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Patients with TSH-secreting pituitary tumors (TSHomas) have high serum TSH levels despite elevated thyroid hormone levels. The mechanism for this defect in the negative regulation of TSH secretion is not known. We performed RT-PCR to detect mutations in TRβ from a surgically resected TSHoma. Analyses of the RT-PCR products revealed a 135-bp deletion within the sixth exon that encodes the ligand-binding domain of TRβ2. This deletion was caused by alternative splicing of TRβ2 mRNA, as near-consensus splice sequences were found at the junction site and no deletion or mutations were detected in the tumoral genomic DNA. This TRβ variant (TRβ2spl) lacked thyroid hormone binding and had impaired T3-dependent negative regulation of both TSHβ and glycoprotein hormone α-subunit genes in cotransfection studies. Furthermore, TRβ2spl showed dominant negative activity against the wild-type TRβ2. These findings strongly suggest that aberrant alternative splicing of TRβ2 mRNA generated an abnormal TR protein that accounted for the defective negative regulation of TSH in the TSHoma. This is the first example of aberrant alternative splicing of a nuclear hormone receptor causing hormonal dysregulation. This novel posttranscriptional mechanism for generating abnormal receptors may occur in other hormone-resistant states or tumors in which no receptor mutation is detected in genomic DNA.
Gregarious locusts down-regulate muscular catabolic capacities yet fly far

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Locust swarms continue to threaten food security on multiple continents, and our understanding of the basic biology and ecology of locusts remains a limiting factor in our capacities to develop new strategies for management. One of the most striking aspects of locust biology is the still poorly understood phenotypic transformation from a solitarious, nonswarming form to a gregarious, swarm-migrating form (1). Du et al.’s publication (2) in PNAS provides important insights into the mechanisms and consequences of this transformation, with insights relevant to anyone interested in performance trade-offs between speed and endurance. Gregarious locusts are well known for their capacities to fly for many hours, enabling their dispersal across continents. However, solitarious locusts also fly, both to escape predators and to perform shorter-distance solitary migrations (3). Prior studies have shown that gregarious locusts are more prone to fly (4). We have known that these differences in flight behaviors are partially enabled by higher lipid reserves and hemolymph lipid levels in the gregarious forms and more rapid and stronger activation of adipokinetic hormone signaling (5). However, how the flight muscles of solitarious and gregarious locusts differ has been almost unstudied. Based on studies of the flight muscles of migrating bats (6) and birds (7, 8), the obvious starting hypothesis is that the long-flight performances of gregarious locusts would be enabled … [↵][1] 1Email: j.harrison{at}asu.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
On a Z_3-Graded Generalization of the Witten Index

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We construct a realization of the algebra of the Z_3-graded topological symmetry of type (1,1,1) in terms of a pair of operators D_1: H_1 -> H_2, and D_2: H_2 -> H_3 satisfying [D_1D_1^\dagger,D_2^\dagger D_2]=0. We show that the sequence of the restriction of these operators to the zero-energy subspace forms a complex and establish the equality of the corresponding topological invariants with the analytic indices of these operators.
Assessment of UL56 Mutations before Letermovir Therapy in Refractory Cytomegalovirus Transplant Recipients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We provide comprehensive data on the clinical correlates of both CMV genotypic follow-up by standard and deep sequencing and the clinical outcomes, as well as recombinant phenotypic results of this novel mutation. Our study emphasizes that the clinical follow-up in combination with genotypic and phenotypic studies is essential for the assessment and optimization of patients experiencing HCMV relapses or not responding to antiviral therapy.
Reasons for early marriage of Syrian migrant young women: Qualitative study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

It is aimed to examine the reasons of Syrian migrant women getting married early. Universe selection has not been made. Participants were reached using the snowball sampling method. In this phenomenological qualitative study, 4 main themes were created with the method of description and examined. It has been determined that poverty, family coercion, love and the losses they suffered during the war are effective in the early marriage of Syrian migrant women. It has been investigated that most of the factors determined in the early marriage of Syrian migrant women are situations that develop against their will and that these women have to marry at an early age.
Application of urethane prepolymers to immobilization of biocatalysts: .DELTA.1-dehydrogenation of hydrocortisone by Arthrobacter simplex cells entrapped with urethane prepolymers.

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Acetone-dried cells of Arthrobacter simplex having appreciable steroid Δ1-dehydrogenase activity were immobilized by mixing the cell suspension with water-miscible urethane prepolymers synthesized from toluene diisocyanate and polyether diols. The entrapped cell activity in the transformation of hydrocortisone to prednisolone was affected by the properties of urethane prepolymers, such as the isocyanate group content in prepolymers, the molecular weight of polyether diols and the ethylene oxide content in diols. The addition of 10% of organic solvents, such as methanol and glycols, to the aqueous reaction mixture enhanced the solubility of the substrate greatly and the reaction rate of the immobilized cells. The activity of immobilized cells remained high even in the system containing 30% of methanol, which drastically inhibited the activity of free cells. The presence of an electron acceptor, phenazine methosulfate or 2, 6-dichlorophenolindophenol, significantly stimulated the steroid conversion with entrapped cells, as well as free cells. The stability of the cells over repeated reactions was greatly improved by immobilization.
DISTRIBUTION OF PARVALBUMIN IMMUNOREACTIVE NEURONS IN THE HIPPOCAMPAL FORMATION OF HUMAN FETUSES

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective To observe the distribution of parvalbumin immunoreactive neurons in the hippocampal formation of human fetuses. Methods The distribution of parvalbumin immunoreactive neurons in the hippocampal formation of human fetuses at 30 week were investigated by ABC immunocytochemical technique. Results The abundant parvalbumin immunoreactive neurons were localized in all regions of hippocampal formation, especially in the stratum pyramidale. In the stratum oriens of CA1\|3, the triangle or shuttle parvalbumin immunoreactive neurons with some processes were smaller and scattered in this layer. In the stratum pyramidale, the parvalbumin immunoreactive neurons distributed densely, and the processes run out to the stratum oriens and stratum moleculare. In the stratum moleculare the parvalbumin immunoreactive neurons were sparser than in the stratum oriens and stratum moleculare. The parvalbumin immunoreactive neurons in hilus were denser in the hippocampal formation, compared with the other regions, however, delamination of them was not distinct. The processes of parvalbumin immunoreactive neurons run out to the dentate gyrus. The parvalbumin immunoreactive neurons in the dentate gyrus were mainly localized in the stratum granule. Few immunoreactive neurons distributed in the other layers, which were lightly stained and with no processes. In the subicular complex, the lightly stained neurons with few processes were mainly localized in the stratum pyramidale. Conclusion The abundant parvalbumin immunoreactive neurons presented in all regions of the hippocampal formation, especially in the stratum pyramidale. However, the ripe time of these neurons might be different, neurons in CA3 and hilus were earlier than in the dentate gyrus and subicular complex.
Využití elektrod na bázi uhlíku pro elektrochemickou detekci v průtokových metodách

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Carbon is due to its electrochemical properties a favourite material for construction of electrodes suitable for detection in flow system. The two most often used techniques (coulometric and amperometric) will be discussed in this Thesis. Carbon paste electrodes (CPE) represent the amperometric detectors. CPE are unstable in the medium with high content of organic solvents, which might complicate their application in HPLC, where the mobile phase contains organic component. It is interesting, that glassy carbon paste electrodes are more stable under such conditions. The change of surface and response of the electrode caused by the effect of methanol are described in this Thesis along with the possible reason of stability of GCPE. Roughing of the surface exposed to methanol is demonstrated by confocal microscopy. This effect leads to increase of height of the peak, background current and noise and to the shift of peak potential to less positive values. These changes are dependent on the time of exposure and the concentration of methanol. Coulometric detectors work with high conversion effectiveness and sensitivity, but in case of their passivation, reactivation is a relatively complicated problem, often leading to the replacement of electrode material. Answer to this problem can be given by using...
ARTERIAL BLOOD SUPPLY OF REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS IN WHITE CROSS HISEX CHICKEN

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The aim of research is to study the features of the arterial system of the ovary and oviduct in the white cross Hisex chicken. The object of the study is the ovary and oviduct of a white cross Hisex chicken at the age of 165–185 days. To study the vessels that are involved in the vascularization of the ovary and oviduct, the method of conventional and thin preparation was used, pouring SKS-65 latex through the femoral artery, then fixing in a 3 % aqueous solution of formaldehyde was performed. Three types of arterial blood supply to the ovaries have been identified. In the first type, two arteries originated from the left cranial renal artery and penetrated into the ovarian stroma. In the second type, one artery branched from the descending aorta and two arteries from the left cranial renal artery. In the third type, two arteries branched from the descending aorta and one artery from the left cranial renal artery and entered the ovarian stroma. Arterial blood supply to the oviduct is carried out by the main arteries - dorsal and ventral oviduct, additional – cranial, middle and caudal protein, cranial and caudal uterine and small collateral – right and left craniolateral, caudoventral, cranioventral uterine. Vascularization of the uterus in chicken occurs due to the main (cranial and caudal uterine) and additional (craniolateral right and left, caudodorsal and cranioventral) collateral arteries. In 68.5 % of cases, it was found that the ovaries were supplied with blood by branches both from the descending aorta and from the left cranial renal artery, while in 31.5 % of cases – only from the left cranial renal artery. The presence of various connections in the form of intersystemic and intrasystemic anastomoses on the lateral surface of the oviduct, which represent a morphological path of roundabout blood circulation, was noted.
The Impact of Number of Partitions on Transient Stability of Intentional Controlled Islanding

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Intentional Controlled Islanding (ICI) is the last protective measure that must be adopted in power systems to prevent forming unstable islands with load-generation imbalance power. If conventional protective schemes fail to save the power system against wide-area blackout, some cutsets are selected to keep the system operating while feeding essential loads. This paper investigates the effect of the number of partitions on the dynamic performance of controlled islanding and proposes a unified algorithm to identify the coherent generators, optimal cutsets, and timing of islanding in online applications. The algorithm provides an islanding solution with minimum power flow disruption while each island contains coherent groups of generators. The concept of Centre of Inertia (COI) referred angles of generators has been used to determine the critical timing of islanding. Different scenarios in NE 39-bus and IEEE 118-bus test systems were simulated in PowerFactory that led to instability in the power system, and then controlled islanding schemes with a different number of partitions were applied to create stable islands. To better demonstrate the shortcomings of the existing clustering techniques, the effect of the number of required islands on transient stability of controlled islanding and the necessity of devising an automatic method to recognise the number of islands is discussed.
DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS' CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS IN ENGLISH CLASSES

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article discusses the importance of wide use of activities that develop critical thinking in English language classes. As a result of the use of modern approaches and innovative methods, such as the development of critical thinking in English language teaching, the development of students' logical thinking skills, fluency in speech, the formation of quick and correct response skills, instilling enthusiasm for knowledge and the English language lessons about the importance of a creative approach.