jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Simulation of limiting field behavior in electron swarms in SF/sub 6/+N/sub 2/ gas mixtures

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Limiting field behavior of the electron swarms in SF/sub 6/+N/sub 2/ mixtures is investigated by a Monte Carlo simulation technique. (E/N)/sub lim/ values directly obtained from the simulation are given for 5, 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 SF/sub 6/ fractional component in the mixture together with the corresponding electron drift velocities and mean energies. Furthermore, in the E/N range of 243/spl les/E/N/spl les/606T/sub d/, effective ionization coefficients and mean energies in SF/sub 6/+N/sub 2/ mixtures are also evaluated with fractional SF/sub 6/ contents of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%. The simulation results obtained are compared with the available data in the literature.< >
COB-GS: Clear Object Boundaries in 3DGS Segmentation Based on Boundary-Adaptive Gaussian Splitting

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Accurate object segmentation is crucial for high-quality scene understanding in the 3D vision domain. However, 3D segmentation based on 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) struggles with accurately delineating object boundaries, as Gaussian primitives often span across object edges due to their inherent volume and the lack of semantic guidance during training. In order to tackle these challenges, we introduce Clear Object Boundaries for 3DGS Segmentation (COB-GS), which aims to improve segmentation accuracy by clearly delineating blurry boundaries of interwoven Gaussian primitives within the scene. Unlike existing approaches that remove ambiguous Gaussians and sacrifice visual quality, COB-GS, as a 3DGS refinement method, jointly optimizes semantic and visual information, allowing the two different levels to cooperate with each other effectively. Specifically, for the semantic guidance, we introduce a boundary-adaptive Gaussian splitting technique that leverages semantic gradient statistics to identify and split ambiguous Gaussians, aligning them closely with object boundaries. For the visual optimization, we rectify the degraded suboptimal texture of the 3DGS scene, particularly along the refined boundary structures. Experimental results show that COB-GS substantially improves segmentation accuracy and robustness against inaccurate masks from pre-trained model, yielding clear boundaries while preserving high visual quality. Code is available at https://github.com/ZestfulJX/COB-GS.
Effects of Monomethylhydrazine upon Carbohydrate Metabolism.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

MMH and UDMH in single, high, nonlethal doses and MMH infused at 0.5 mmole/kg/12 hrs cause depression of glucose-14C oxidation apparently at a point prior to entry of glucose into the catabolic sequence. Inhalation of pure oxygen increases the rate of conversion of glucose-6-14C to 14CO2, but does not alter the rate of conversion of other labels of glucose. (Author)
Manipulation of competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic domains in exchange-biased nanostructures

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Â©2015 American Physical Society. Using photoemission electron microscopy combined with x-ray magnetic circular dichroism we show that a progressive spatial confinement of a ferromagnet (FM), either through thickness variation or laterally via patterning, actively controls the domains of uncompensated spins in the antiferromagnet (AF) in exchange-biased systems. Direct observations of the spin structure in both sides of the FM/AF interface in a model system, Ni/FeF2, show that the spin structure is determined by the balance between the competing FM and AF magnetic energies. Coexistence of exchange bias domains, with opposite directions, can be established in Ni/FeF2 bilayers for Ni thicknesses below 10 nm. Patterning the Ni/FeF2 heterostructures with antidots destabilizes the FM state, enhancing the formation of opposite exchange bias domains below a critical antidot separation of the order of a few FeF2 crystal domains. The results suggest that dimensional confinement of the FM may be used to manipulate the AF spin structure in spintronic devices and ultrahigh-density information storage media. The underlying mechanism of the uncompensated AF domain formation in Ni/FeF2 may be generic to other magnetic systems with complex noncollinear FM/AF spin structures.
Care dependency and management of urinary incontinence in nursing homes: A descriptive study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aim To explore the differences in managing urinary incontinence in residents in nursing homes aged 65 years or older in relation to their care dependency. Design The 2015 data of the Dutch annual independent (Inter)national Prevalence Measurement of Quality of Care of Maastricht University were used. The design involved a cross‐sectional, multi‐centre point prevalence measurement in hospitals, care homes, and home care. Methods Secondary data analysis on the data provided by care home organizations. Results In the care independent group, the solely use of absorbing material was the mostly applied intervention. In the group of care dependent persons, the combination of absorbing material with toilet on set times and on individual basis was the most common approach. Conclusion The outcome of this study indicated that the management of urinary incontinence in residents in nursing homes differs depending on their care dependency. Impact Caregivers in nursing homes should be aware of preferences of residents regarding the management of their urinary incontinence. Researchers should investigate criteria used by caregivers and care receivers into the decision of the application of interventions for urinary incontinence.
Rag-and-Bone Angel: The Angelus Novus in Charles Bernstein's Shadowtime

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

When analyzing Walter Benjamin’s oeuvre, and perhaps in particular his “Theses on the Philosophy of History,” many commentators have pointed out the apparently irreconcilable strains of dialectical materialism and Jewish Messianism in his thought. In Charles Bernstein’s libretto to the opera Shadowtime , which focuses on the last night of Benjamin’s life, Bernstein wrestles with these competing worldviews poetically. While Bernstein does not attempt to reconcile Benjamin’s idiosyncratic thought, he does point out ways that the apparently divergent strands can be understood side-by-side. In particular, he focuses on the image of the Angelus Novus, the Angel of History, an image Benjamin fleshes out in his essay, based upon the Paul Klee painting that Benjamin himself owned.
Kampo-medicine Affects Influenza-Specific Interferon (IFN)-.GAMMA. Production by Human Peripherala blood Mononuclear Cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: Kampo, Sino Japanese traditional medicine has been employed for the treatment of upper respiratory infections, including influenza-like symptoms, for more than 2000 years. Interestingly, recent clinical studies have revealed the possible effectiveness of Kampo medicines to improve influenza-like symptoms. However, the mechanisms by which Kampo-medicine affects acquired immune systems against influenza infection have not been well understood. In the present study, we examined the ex vivo immune response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy subjects against influenza antigens using ELISPOT assay, as well as viral replications. Materials and methods: Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 6 healthy voluneers after obtaining informed consents. PBMCs were stimulated with influenza-HA antigen for 48 hours in the presence or absence of Kakkon-to, Mao-to, Syoseiryu-to, and Keishi-toin. IFN-γ production was evaluated by ELISPOT assay. Viability of PBMCs was determined by measuring formazan formation. Viral replication was estimated with hemmaglutination assay with influenza-sensitive MDCK cells. Results: Influenza-HA antigen-specific IFN-γ production was down-regulated by treatment with Kakkon-to, Mao-to, Syoseiryu-to, and Keishi-to. Treatment with Syoseiryu-to alone inhibited cell viability. PBMCs viability was reduced by influenza-HA antigen stimulation in the presence of Kampo-medicine. The four Kampo formulae employed in the present study showed no remarkable effects on influenza virus replication in MDCK cells. Conclusion: Four Kampo-medicines that are frequently employed to treat upper respiratory infections have minimal or adverse effects on influenza-specific immune responses and viral replications. The therapeutic effects of Kampo-medicines might be with a consequence of their anti-inflammatory effects.
New earthworms of the Pheretima urceolata species group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from southern Luzon, Philippines

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2009): New earthworms of the Pheretima urceolata species group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from southern Luzon, Philippines. Zootaxa 2059: 33-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186796
Mechanistic Insight on Ras Inhibition Strategies in Cancer Therapy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Ras proteins are considered as one of the most critical cancer initiators. Mutations of this protein family lead to the continuous activation of the proliferation pathways. Therefore, many efforts have been taken to design the anti-mutant Ras drug candidates. Regardless of the development of promising inhibitors of Ras G12C mutant in a specific cancer type, there is no approved inhibitor of Ras mutants in the clinic. One of the significant limitations is to inhibit particular mutants and not to affect the wild-type Ras variants. Here we present a review on the mechanism of action of the Ras proteins to get a better insight into the strategies utilized to inhibit Ras-mutated cancers. The direct Ras inhibition strategies are then highlighted to obtain a better perspective of possible promising approaches to target Ras proteins in cancer therapy.
Electrically programmable phase-change photonic memory for optical neural networks with nanoseconds in situ training capability

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Optical neural networks (ONNs), enabling low latency and high parallel data processing without electromagnetic interference, have become a viable player for fast and energy-efficient processing and calculation to meet the increasing demand for hash rate. Photonic memories employing nonvolatile phase-change materials could achieve zero static power consumption, low thermal cross talk, large-scale, and high-energy-efficient photonic neural networks. Nevertheless, the switching speed and dynamic energy consumption of phase-change material-based photonic memories make them inapplicable for in situ training. Here, by integrating a patch of phase change thin film with a PIN-diode-embedded microring resonator, a bifunctional photonic memory enabling both 5-bit storage and nanoseconds volatile modulation was demonstrated. For the first time, a concept is presented for electrically programmable phase-change material-driven photonic memory integrated with nanosecond modulation to allow fast in situ training and zero static power consumption data processing in ONNs. ONNs with an optical convolution kernel constructed by our photonic memory theoretically achieved an accuracy of predictions higher than 95% when tested by the MNIST handwritten digit database. This provides a feasible solution to constructing large-scale nonvolatile ONNs with high-speed in situ training capability.
COMMENTARY Some Statistical Issues in Microarray Gene Expression Data

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we discuss some of the statistical issues that should be considered when conducting experiments involving microarray gene expression data. We discuss statistical issues related to preprocessing the data as well as the analysis of the data. Analysis of the data is discussed in three contexts: class comparison, class prediction and class discovery. We also re-view the methods used in two studies that are using microar-ray gene expression to assess the effect of exposure to radio-frequency (RF) fields on gene expression. Our intent is to pro-vide a guide for radiation researchers when conducting stud-ies involving microarray gene expression data. q 2006 by Radiation Research Society
The application of remote sensing technology to the solution of problems in the management of resources in Indiana

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In an effort to bridge the gap between the research community and the user agencies, this investigation was designed to take the remote sensing technology and products of that technology to the user agencies and to assist them in the use of this technology. The first semi-annual report summarizes the progress which has been made in the following specific projects: (1) pilot study for land use inventory of the Great Lakes Watershed; (2) resource inventory of Marion County (Indianapolis), Indiana; (3) resource inventory of 8 central Indiana counties for the Indiana Heartland Coordinating Commission; (4) applications within the Indiana Department of Natural Resources; (5) applications within the Indiana Department of Commerce; and (6) applications within the USDA Soil Conservation Service.
Understanding Managerial Ecology and Its Applications

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Managerial ecology, also called management ecology, is a discipline based on management and ecology. It is senior development of traditional management. It will be able to solve current problems such as financial difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises, bankruptcy of big companies, CEO suddenly in jail as far as possible. The author exemplifies three angles to understand managerial ecology, brings forth core principles of managerial ecology, illustrates current applications of managerial ecology, then analyzes the relationship between managerial ecology and information systems project development.
Musical performance in the twentieth century and beyond: an overview

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

For the purpose of considering musical performance, at least, it is now useful to conceive of the 'long' twentieth century, since the cultural, technological and economic forces that shaped performance in that century have their roots in practices that arose in the latter part of the nineteenth century. This is particularly true of the impact of sound-recording technology, which so profoundly changed the nature of performance in nearly all genres and contexts throughout the twentieth century. Undoubtedly, for present purposes, Edison's invention of the phonograph in 1877 marks the beginning of the long twentieth century. It is still perhaps a little too early, and we are at this point too close to it, to be sure where it might be seen to end, although some speculation is offered below.
Model Synthesis and Model-Oriented Programming

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The work is devoted to the description and simulation of complex systems, about which it is well known of what components they are made, what those components are able to do, what rules of interaction they obey. The challenging problem of modeling is to reproduce the behavior and to evaluate the capabilities of such a system as a whole. A new approach to the design and implementation of computer simulation models of complex multicomponent systems is introduced. It differs from the object-oriented approach. The central concept of this approach and at the same time, the basic building block for the construction of any more complex structures is the concept of the model- component. Model-component endowed with a more complicated structure than, for example, the object in the object- oriented analysis. This structure provides to the model-component an independent behavior - the ability of a standard way to respond to standard requests of its internal and external environment. At the same time, the computer implementation of model-component's behavior is invariant with respect to the integration of models-components into complexes, which allows firstly to build a fractal model of any complexity and secondly to implement a computational process of such structures uniformly - by a single program. In addition, the proposed paradigm of the multi-component simulations allows to exclude imperative programming code and to generate code with a high degree of parallelism.
To Fly Or Not To Fly? Aviation and Respiratory Diseases.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

For most passengers, even those with respiratory disease, air travel is safe and comfortable. Some travelers may experience hypoxia at sea level but may not need supplemental oxygen during air travel in a hypobaric hypoxic environment. For some individuals compensatory pulmonary mechanisms may be inadequate, causing profound hypoxia. In addition, venous thromboembolism/pulmonary emboli may occur, especially during long haul flights. With adequate screening, patients at risk can be identified, therapeutic solutions can be proposed for the flight, and most can travel can continue safely with supplemental oxygen and other preventive measures.
Management of capital assets of construction organizations

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract The most significant part of the assets of the enterprise are fixed assets, which are on the balance sheet of the enterprise and are in operation, in reserve, on preservation, as well as leased to other enterprises. The study of these issues is necessary for all firms and enterprises facing the problem of maintaining the accounting policy of fixed assets and their depreciation. Choosing the right and optimal accounting policies for fixed assets and depreciation greatly helps the enterprise to minimize taxes and speed up the process of updating the equipment fleet. This article focuses on accelerated depreciation methods. Any enterprise is interested in maintaining such accounting policy, in which during the first years of operations with the fixed assets are written off by a high depreciation rate. The implementation of such a policy reduces taxable profits and accelerates the renewal of fixed assets, which is especially important now, with rapid progress in science and technology. The results of the analysis of the fixed assets of the construction organization showed the need to improve their accounting. The development of accounting policies of a modern construction organization can largely determine the improvement of management in a market economy.
Preparation of Normal and Reactive Astrocyte Cultures

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Here, we describe methods to prepare primary cultures of astrocytes and reactive astrocytes. In 1980, McCarthy and de Vellis reported that highly purified cultures of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes can be obtained from neonatal brain tissue. The primary glial cultures prepared with this method have the great advantage of being devoid of neurons, enabling the analysis of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes separately. This culture model has been extensively used to advance our knowledge in the field of glial biology in normal conditions and after injury. The purification of astrocytes from primary mixed glial cultures, protocols that apply two types of mechanical injury (the scratch-wound model and the pressure-stretch model), as well as neuron-glial co-cultures are described in detail. These in vitro models, albeit limited by design, are invaluable tools to better understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of astrocyte reactivity, scar formation and axonal growth inhibition in response to trauma.
DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND SIMULATION OF ANELECTRONIC WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to preserve the life of water pumping machine as well as convenience of
operation, an Electronic water level controller was designed, constructed and
simulated to operate in two modes: manual and automatic. The design analysis was
based on simple circuit theory leading to the specification I choice of components
used for the construction of the controller. The technical features and cost of the unit
are very encouraging. The unit can be easily maintained and is rugged
Note: Printed circuit board based electrically triggered compact rail gap switch

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An electrically triggered rail gap switch has been designed over a commercially available copper clad fiberglass sheet commonly used in making printed circuit boards for applications requiring compact design and direct integration to parallel plate transmission lines. Switch performance has been investigated in terms of its inductance, jitter, and gap closing time. With an electrode separation of 9.0 mm, it has been found to have an inductance of 6 nH, gap closing time of 5 ns, and jitter of about 4–10 ns measured at 95% of self-breakdown voltage. An application of this switch has been demonstrated as an electrically exploding foil accelerator developed over the same board and velocities up to 1.6 km/s have been achieved on Kapton flyers with diameter of 3.0 mm and thickness of 125 μm using a compact 1 μF capacitor bank.
Features of Legal Language. The Translator’s Perspective

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

(The crucial importance of the language of the law in the modern society is undeniable as through it the complex legal mechanism is set in motion. Characterising this particular type of language is not a simple task and theorists adopt different perspectives which range from focussing on terminology and syntax to spotlighting ‘problem features’. Legal terminology and phraseology is a major concern for all those who deal with legal language but especially for the legal translator as (s)he must bring to a common level two or more legal systems which are sometimes particularly diverse and culture-bound. Legal style is also peculiar as it makes use of old-fashioned syntax, lengthy sentences, redundancy of the discourse, overuse of performative verbs, conjoined phrases and lists of words, preference for impersonal constructions, etc. These are the most important features which allow us to distinguish legal style from the style of the common language.)
Study on the interaction between adefovir and DNA with spectroscopic methodology

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Objective To study the amphigama modality of adefovir and ct-DNA.Methods Studied by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and fluorescence spectroscopy method.Results Adefovir confirmed by way of intercalation and electrostatic binding mode of interaction with DNA occurred effect.Conclusion The interaction of adefovir with DNA static quenching process,the quenching rate constant(Kq)=2.07×1011L·mol-1·S-1,the binding constant(K)=3.41×103L·mol-1,the binding sites(n)=1.05.
[Effect of recombinant activated factor VII (RFVIIA; NovoSeven) in a patient in haemorrhagic shock after obstetrical hysterectomy].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Perinatal bleeding may lead to a fatal outcome in about 10% of cases. We present a case of a 29 year old woman in childbirth, in whom a preparation of recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa, NovoSeven, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark) was used with success to control intraoperative bleeding during haemorrhagic shock after caesarean section and obstetrical hysterectomy, in the course of the patient's third abdominal cavity revision for continuing blood loss. Administration of the preparation enabled for quick intraoperative control of haemorrhage, which allowed safe and clear identification and elimination of the cause of bleeding. No significant clotting abnormalities were noted at postoperative monitoring of the coagulation system. rFVIIa seems to be an effective alternative treatment of life-threatening haemorrhages in obstetrics, allowing for quick arrest of bleeding, and thus safe control of intraoperative local hemostasis.