jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Application of Digital Image Processing Techniques to Detect Through-Thickness Crack in Hole Expansion Test

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) have become increasingly popular in the automotive industry due to their high yield and ultimate tensile strengths, enabling the production of lighter car body structures while meeting safety standards. However, they have some setbacks compared to conventional steels, such as edge cracking through sheet thickness caused by forming components with shear-cut edges. When characterizing the formability of sheet metal materials, the hole expansion test is an industry-standard method used to evaluate the stretch-flangeability of their edges. However, accurately visualizing the first cracking is usually tricky and may be subjective, often leading to inconsistent results and low reproducibility with some impact of the operator on both direct and post-processing measurements. To address these issues, a novel digital image processing method is presented to reduce operator reliance and enhance the accuracy and efficiency of the hole expansion test results. By leveraging advanced image processing algorithms, the proposed approach detects the appearance of the first edge cracks, enabling a more precise determination of the hole expansion ratio (HER). Furthermore, it provides valuable insights into the evolution of the hole diameter, allowing for a comprehensive understanding of the material behavior during the test. The proposed method was evaluated for different materials, and the corresponding HER values were compared with the traditional method.
Investigation of Dimethylthallium(III) Complex Equilibria with 2-Thioorotate by Means of Potentiometric Techniques

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The system comprising dimethylthaliium(III), 2-thioorotate (TOA) and hydrogen ions in aqueous solution at 20°C and I = 100mmol dm−3 (nitrate) has been characterized by means of glass-electrode potentiometry. Protonation constants for 2-thioorotate and formation constants for the complexes [(Me2TI)(TOA)]-, [(Me2TI)(TOAH-1)]2- and [(Mc2 TI)2 (TOAII-1)]- are reported.
Temperament, Personality, and Psychopathology in Youth: A Preregistered Multilevel Meta-Analysis and Preregistered Large-Scale Replication and Extension

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The current pair of highly-powered, preregistered studies estimate the associations between personality/temperament and youth psychopathology, and evaluate the generalizability of these associations across diverse populations and research designs. In Study 1, a multilevel meta-analysis of 147 studies (N = 46,369) quantified the associations between Five-Factor Model personality traits and internalizing/externalizing psychopathology dimensions among subjects aged 1.5 to 18. All traits but openness evidenced small-to-medium bivariate associations with both psychopathology dimensions (z = |.18 - .46|). After adjusting for the covariance between internalizing and externalizing, each dimension showed a distinct personality profile. Internalizing was associated with neuroticism (β = .42) and negative-extraversion (β = -.37). Externalizing was associated with extraversion (β = .30), negative-conscientiousness (β = -.46), and negative-agreeableness (β = -.50). Most variance was driven by informant effects, particularly within the externalizing dimension and when personality and psychopathology were informed by the same person (i.e., mono-informant). Study 2 was a preregistered replication and extension of Study 1 in a large cohort of youth (N = 10,414) using individual-participant, item-level data. Most of Study 1’s associations were replicated for higher-order scales (e.g., Effortful Control) and for their lower-order scales (e.g., Activation Control). Again, mono-informant effects were more pronounced than cross-informant effects. Taken together, these studies provide the first quantitative synthesis of associations between personality/temperament and psychopathology in youth. These preregistered quantitative findings are largely consistent with decades of theory (e.g., Tackett, 2006), evidence a robustness of effects across populations, and highlight the impact of mono-informant effects.
A Two-Dimensionally Coincident Second Difference Cosmic Ray Spike Removal Method for the Fully Automated Processing of Raman Spectra

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Charge-coupled device detectors are vulnerable to cosmic rays that can contaminate Raman spectra with positive going spikes. Because spikes can adversely affect spectral processing and data analyses, they must be removed. Although both hardware-based and software-based spike removal methods exist, they typically require parameter and threshold specification dependent on well-considered user input. Here, we present a fully automated spike removal algorithm that proceeds without requiring user input. It is minimally dependent on sample attributes, and those that are required (e.g., standard deviation of spectral noise) can be determined with other fully automated procedures. At the core of the method is the identification and location of spikes with coincident second derivatives along both the spectral and spatiotemporal dimensions of two-dimensional datasets. The method can be applied to spectra that are relatively inhomogeneous because it provides fairly effective and selective targeting of spikes resulting in minimal distortion of spectra. Relatively effective spike removal obtained with full automation could provide substantial benefits to users where large numbers of spectra must be processed.
Sport psychology for football

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Sport psychology has been defined as the scientific study of human behaviour in
the sport and the practical application of that knowledge (Weinberg and Gould,
2007). With this general objective in mind, sport psychology researchers strive to
understand why athletes, coaches, officials and spectators behave the way they
do. They generally do this by examining one of two general questions: (1) What
effect do psychological factors have on the athlete’s and team’s performance (e.g.,
How does a goal-keeper’s confidence influence his play? What effect does a team’s
cohesion have on performance? Do players who use stress management perform
better than their counterparts who do not?); and (2) How does participation in
sport influence the player’s psychological development and functioning (e.g.,
Do athletes develop higher self-esteem than their non-athletic counterparts? Is
teamwork taught through participation in football? Does playing football build
one’s character?).
Impact of Emotional Intelligence in Organizational Commitment among Employees of Educational Sector: Moderating Role of Personality Traits and Gender

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Purpose: This study, grounded in Emotional Intelligence Theory by Daniel Goleman aims to study the impact of Emotional Intelligence on the Organizational Commitment of employees working in educational sectors. This study further identifies the personality traits and gender acting as the moderator between emotional intelligence and organizational commitment. Participants and Methods: The study's sample consists of men and women who work in different educational institutions. The employees working in various educational sectors were administered using a series of questionnaires to gauge their demographic information, personality traits, emotional intelligence, and organizational commitment. Utilizing SPSS26.0, the data was examined to determine the influence of gender and personality factors as well as emotional intelligence on organizational commitment. Results: The current study found a substantial relationship between emotional intelligence and organizational commitment in workers in the education sector. The Big Five Inventory moderator has a weak but somewhat significant impact, and the study further demonstrates the strong impact of gender on organizational commitment. According to the study, there is no difference in organizational commitment between male and female means of gender, but there is a difference between them when it comes to the big five inventory. Conclusion: Emotional intelligence has a significant impact on the organizational commitment of workers in the education sector. The results of the current study also showed that although personality qualities may serve as a moderator in some way between organizational commitment and emotional intelligence, gender is not a relevant moderator.
REVIEW: PART OF A SPECIAL ISSUE ON HALOPHYTES AND SALINE ADAPTATIONS How can we take advantage of halophyte properties to cope with heavy metal toxicity in salt-affected areas?

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

� Background Many areas throughout the world are simultaneously contaminated by high concentrations of soluble salts and by high concentrations of heavy metals that constitute a serious threat to human health. The use of plants to extract or stabilize pollutants is an interesting alternative to classical expensive decontamination procedures. However, suitable plant species still need to be identified for reclamation of substrates presenting a high electrical conductivity. � Scope Halophytic plant species are able to cope with several abiotic constraints occurring simultaneously in their natural environment. This review considers their putative interest for remediation of polluted soil in relation to their ability to sequester absorbed toxic ions in trichomes or vacuoles, to perform efficient osmotic adjustment and to limit the deleterious impact of oxidative stress. These physiological adaptations are considered in relation to the impact of salt on heavy metal bioavailabilty in two types of ecosystem: (1) salt marshes and mangroves, and (2) mine tailings in semi-arid areas. � Conclusions Numerous halophytes exhibit a high level of heavy metal accumulation and external NaCl may directly influence heavy metal speciation and absorption rate. Maintenance of biomass production and plant water status makes some halophytes promising candidates for further management of heavy-metal-polluted areas in both saline and non-saline environments.
Mechanical characterisation of calcium pectinate hydrogel for controlled drug delivery

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Calcium pectinate beads, a particulate hydrogel system, is an attractive drug carrier for oral delivery. In this study, a poorly water-soluble model drug indomethacin was incorporated into calcium pectinate beads made of different pectin concentrations, which were produced by an extrusion method. The effect of pectin concentration on bead size, circularity, swelling behaviour, and mechanical properties, as well as in vitro drug release profile was investigated. The mechanical properties of calcium pectinate beads were determined by a micromanipulation technique. The drug release profile was measured using a standard British Pharmacopoeia method. It was found that the beads made of higher pectin concentration in general had a less permeable matrix structure and greater mechanical rigidity, although they swelled more after hydration. However, such an effect was not significant when the pectin concentration was increased to above 8%. Micromanipulation measurements showed that there was significant relaxation of the force being imposed on single hydrated beads when they were held, but this phenomenon did not occur on dry beads, which means that the force relaxation was dominated by liquid loss from the beads. The rate of the force relaxation was determined, and has been related to the release rate of the model drug entrapped in the calcium pectinate beads.
CEREBRAL ISCHAEMIA AND STROKE;

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Colour Doppler sonography is a well-established widely available,noninvasive, cost effective and a reliable method for assessing cerebrovascular circulation.It has become a valuable completion of the sonographic workup in patients with cerebralischaemia and infarction. Its accuracy is close to angiography. Objectives: To determine thefrequency of significant carotid artery stenosis in patients of cerebral ischaemia/stroke and itscharacterized sonographic appearance of plaque. Study Design: Cross sectional study, basedon nonprobability convenience sample technique. Setting: Department of Radiology, CombinedMilitary Hospital Lahore, using Colour and Power Doppler Ultrasound machine ALOKA SSD-5500. Period: 14 October 2006 to 15 March 2007. Methodology: Total of 50 diagnosed patientsof either gender, aged 30 to 70 years with cerebral ischaemia and stroke were included in thestudy. Carotid Doppler examination was conducted in each patient and findings were recorded.Results: Among 50 patients who underwent carotid Doppler examination for diagnosis ofclinically significant carotid artery stenosis, 35 patients had carotid plaques. 08 patients werediagnosed to have more than 70 % stenosis, 07 patients with more than 50 % and 20 patientsless than 50 % carotid artery stenosis. 15 patients did not show any carotid artery disease.12 patients had bilateral stenosis while 23 had unilateral disease. Mean age of the patientswith and without carotid artery disease was 52 ± 7.87 years. Conclusion: Majority of patientswith Cerebral ischemia/stroke showed carotid artery stenosis on colour Doppler ultrasound.Common age group who developed cerebral ischemia/stroke was above 50years.
Political and social activism within the campus community of Wisconsin State University-La Crosse from 1966 to 1970 : local expression of a national movement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As events and the people affecting them fade into the past, images often become blurred, ideas and emotions lose currency and depth. It is History's role to somehow capture the essences of a moment and preserve them as faithfully and \nobjectively as possible. So often the happenings of our world are relegated to the "dustbins of history" before each variant facet is explored and recorded. Spans of hundredsor even thousands of years are constricted within terms such \nas "epoch", "era" or "period", and thus important data become forgotten -- or worse, only cursorily examined. In many vital ways, local history corrects the error, fills the gap and clarifies the ambiguity. This paper is an attempt \nat local history.
Modification in primary visual cortical activity of rat induced by neonatal monocular enucleation, an electrophysiological and autoradiographic study.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Mononuclear enucleation was performed in rats at birth. The animals were raised and from the age of 3 months the evoked activity was tested in the contralateral visual cortex both by mapping of evoked potentials and autoradiography. It was found that monocular enucleation changed the distribution of evoked activity characteristically. The focus of activity shifted laterally and restricted itself to the binocular part of the primary visual cortex (Oc1B), while, in the medial part of it (Oc1M) hardly any evoked activity or labelled neurons were found
Improved SIFT-Features Matching for Object Recognition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The SIFT algorithm (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) proposed by Lowe [1] is an approach for extracting distinctive invariant features from images. It has been successfully applied to a variety of computer vision problems based on feature matching including object recognition, pose estimation, image retrieval and many others. However, in real-world applications there is still a need for improvement of the algorithm’s robustness with respect to the correct matching of SIFT features. In this paper, an improvement of the original SIFT algorithm providing more reliable feature matching for the purpose of object recognition is proposed. The main idea is to divide the features extracted from both the test and the model object image into several sub-collections before they are matched. The features are divided into several sub-collections considering the features arising from different octaves, that is from different frequency domains. The SIFT algorithm (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) proposed by Lowe [1] is an approach for extracting distinctive invariant features from images. It has been successfully applied to a variety of computer vision problems based on feature matching including object recognition, pose estimation, image retrieval and many others. However, in real-world applications there is still a need for improvement of the algorithm’s robustness with respect to the correct matching of SIFT features. In this paper, an improvement of the original SIFT algorithm providing more reliable feature matching for the purpose of object recognition is proposed. The main idea is to divide the features extracted from both the test and the model object image into several sub-collections before they are matched. The features are divided into several sub-collections considering the features arising from different octaves, that is from different frequency domains.
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Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

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2型糖尿病患者血清hs-CRP、IL-6和TNF-α与血管病变的关系

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the serum levels of high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and the pathogenesis of vascular complication in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods: Serum hs-CRP was measured by particle immunoturbidimetric method on analysis instrument Hitachi 7170A. IL-6 and TNF-α were measured by double antibody sandwich ELISA. Results: The serum levels of hs-CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α of participants with vascular disease were significantly increased than that of participants without vascular disease and that in normal controls, and the level of hs-CRP was positively correlated with the levels of IL-6, and TNF-α in type 2 diabetes ,but not in normal controls. Conclusions: IL-6, and TNF-α, positively correlated with hs-CRP could play important roles in pathogenesis and progression of type 2 diabetes vascular complication.
Preparation and\nBiological Evaluation of Novel Osthole-Derived <i>N</i>‑Benzoylthioureas\nas Insecticide Candidates

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To\ndiscover novel natural-product-based insecticide candidates,\nherein, a variety of osthole-derived <i>N</i>-benzoylthioureas\nwere synthesized and assessed for their insecticidal activities against\nthree insect pests. An insecticidal assay showed that most of the\ntarget osthole-derived <i>N</i>-benzoylthioureas displayed\na more potent and broad-spectrum insecticidal effect than the parent\nosthole after the introduction of <i>N</i>-benzoylthioureas\non the C-3′ position of osthole. Compound <b>B24</b> displayed\nthe most potent growth inhibitory (GI) effect on Mythimna\nseparata Walker, with a final corrected mortality\nrate of 82.1% when treated with a concentration of 1 mg/mL, which\nwas 1.64- and 1.53-fold higher in comparison to osthole and the botanical\ninsecticide toosendanin, respectively. Compounds <b>B22</b>, <b>B23</b>, and <b>B25</b> displayed a more promising aphicidal\neffect on Myzus persicae Sulzer, and\ntheir LD<sub>50</sub> values were 0.015, 0.017, and 0.019 μg/larvae,\nrespectively, superior to the commercially available insecticide rotenone\n(0.024 μg/larvae). Derivatives <b>B19</b>, <b>B20</b>, <b>B23</b>, and <b>B25</b> displayed more potent larvicidal\nactivity against Plutella xylostella Linnaeus, with LC<sub>50</sub> values of 0.22, 0.26, 0.15, and 0.30\nmg/mL, respectively, exceeding that of rotenone (0.37 mg/mL). Furthermore,\nboth compounds <b>B19</b> and <b>B23</b> against P. xylostella were found to be more effective than\nrotenone in a control efficacy assay under greenhouse conditions.\nThe structure–activity relationship (SAR) suggested that osthole-derived <i>N</i>-benzoylthioureas are more active in most cases when the\nR group is an electron-withdrawing group than when it is an electron-donating\ngroup, especially for halogenated groups. Additionally, the potent\ncompounds <b>B19</b> and <b>B23</b> possessed good selectivity\nand were less toxic to non-target organisms. This study suggests that\nthese osthole-derived <i>N</i>-benzoylthioureas could be\nfurther studied in depth as eco-friendly natural product pesticides\nin crop protection.
Impact of microRNA Regulated Macrophage Actions on Adipose Tissue Function in Obesity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Obesity-induced adipose tissue dysfunction is bolstered by chronic, low-grade inflammation and impairs systemic metabolic health. Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) perpetuate local inflammation but are crucial to adipose tissue homeostasis, exerting heterogeneous, niche-specific functions. Diversified macrophage actions are shaped through finely regulated factors, including microRNAs, which post-transcriptionally alter macrophage activation. Numerous studies have highlighted microRNAs’ importance to immune function and potential as inflammation-modulatory. This review summarizes current knowledge of regulatory networks governed by microRNAs in ATMs in white adipose tissue under obesity stress.
Cometabolic\nEnzymatic Transformation of Organic Micropollutants\nunder Methanogenic Conditions

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Anaerobic\ndigestion (AD) has been shown to have the biological\npotential to decrease concentrations of several organic micropollutants\n(OMPs) in sewage sludge. However, the mechanisms and factors behind\nthese biotransformations, which are essential for elucidating the\npossible transformation products and to foster the complete removal\nof OMPs via operational strategies, remain unclear. Therefore, this\nstudy investigated the transformation mechanisms of 20 OMPs during\nthe methanogenic step of AD with a focus on the role of acetate kinase\n(AK), which is a key enzyme in methane production. The results from\nlab-scale methanogenic reactors showed that this step accounts for\nmuch of the reported OMP biotransformation in AD. Furthermore, enzymatic\nassays confirmed that AK transforms galaxolide, naproxen, nonylphenol,\noctylphenol, ibuprofen, diclofenac, bisphenol A, and triclosan. Except\nfor galaxolide, for which further studies are required to refine conclusions,\nthe OMP’s chemical structure was a determinant for AK action\nbecause only compounds that contain a carboxyl or hydroxyl group and\nhave moderate steric hindrance were enzymatically transformed, likely\nby phosphorylation. For these seven compounds, this enzymatic mechanism\naccounts for 10–90% of the measured methanogenic biotransformation,\nsuggesting that other active enzymes of the AD process are also involved\nin OMP biotransformation.