jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ex Ante Moral Hazard in the Health Insurance Market in Indonesia

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper will empirically examine the existence of ex ante moral hazard in health insurance market in Indonesia with respect to lifestyle choices such as smoking and obesity. A key challenge in understanding the moral hazard problem is endogeneity. Decisions regarding having insurance and lifestyle choices are arguably sequential, not simultaneous. Then, it is difficult to decide which one precedes the other. To address this problem, this paper uses a multivariate probit analysis. This paper uses three waves from the IFLS (Indonesian Family Life Survey) over 2000, 2007, and 2014, as these have information about insurance status, smoking behavior, and obesity condition. This paper finds evidence of the existence of ex ante moral hazard in health insurance for obesity of the head of household, but not for smoking. The multivariate probit regression shows that having health insurance increases the propensity of being obese. Using a wider sample, including all members of households, there is not sufficient evidence of the existence of ex ante moral hazard for either smoking or obesity. Surprisingly, the decisions between smoking and obesity are substitutes. This means that there are non-observable elements that increase the tendency to smoke, but reduce the propensity of being obese, and vice versa.
Publication History

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present investigation was carried out to study the diversity of fishes of Majalgaon Reservoir from Beed district, Maharashtra state. The present work is carried out during the period December 2011 to November 2012. The fish diversity is represented by 42 fish species belonging to 29 genera, 15 families and 9 orders. Besides identification, the economic importance of fish species is also discussed.
Beyond the adjacency matrix: random line graphs and inference for networks with edge attributes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Any modern network inference paradigm must incorporate multiple aspects of network structure, including information that is often encoded both in vertices and in edges. Methodology for handling vertex attributes has been developed for a number of network models, but comparable techniques for edge-related attributes remain largely unavailable. We address this gap in the literature by extending the latent position random graph model to the line graph of a random graph, which is formed by creating a vertex for each edge in the original random graph, and connecting each pair of edges incident to a common vertex in the original graph. We prove concentration inequalities for the spectrum of a line graph, and then establish that although naive spectral decompositions can fail to extract necessary signal for edge clustering, there exist signal-preserving singular subspaces of the line graph that can be recovered through a carefully-chosen projection. Moreover, we can consistently estimate edge latent positions in a random line graph, even though such graphs are of a random size, typically have high rank, and possess no spectral gap. Our results also demonstrate that the line graph of a stochastic block model exhibits underlying block structure, and we synthesize and test our methods in simulations for cluster recovery and edge covariate inference in stochastic block model graphs.
Updated guidelines for the use of rifabutin or rifampin for the treatment and prevention of tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients taking protease inhibitors or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A previously published report provided guidelines for managing the pharmacologic interactions that can result when patients receive protease inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection together with rifamycins for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Protease inhibitors and NNRTIs are antiretroviral agents that are substrates that may inhibit or induce cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes (CYP450). Rifamycins are antituberculosis agents that induce CYP450 and may decrease substantially blood levels of the antiretroviral drugs. The pharmacologic interactions are called "drug-drug" because, in addition to the effect rifamycins have on protease inhibitors and NNRTIs, the antiretroviral agents may affect the blood levels of rifamycins. This notice presents updated data pertaining to drug-drug interactions between these agents and recommendations for their use from a group of CDC scientists and outside expert consultants.
Spatiotemporal Distribution of Rainfall Erosivity for Water Erosion District in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Spatiotemporal characteristics of rainfall erosivity are very important for the understandings of soil erosion processes.Daily rainfall data from 704 weather stations of seven provinces in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in past 30 years(1980—2010) were used to calculate the average annual rainfall erosivity,average annual half-month rainfall erosivity and the proportion of the annual rainfall erosivity,so as to determine the spatiotemporal distribution of erosive rainfall.Results showed that the highest R value was found to be 11 394 MJ·mm/(hm2·h·a) and the lowest,273 MJ·mm/(hm2·h·a).As influenced by terrain,rainfall erosivity presented three high value areas of the Emei Mountains in Sichuan Province,Bijie region in Guizhou Province and Yichang City in Hubei Province.There was a significant correlation between rainfall erosivity and average annual rainfall,with a correlation coefficient R2 of 0.80.In the study area,the seasonal distribution of rainfall erosivity had a concentration percentage of 69% and was mainly concentrated from May to October.
Management of Higher Education in the UK

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper explores the recent history of universities and colleges of Higher Education (HE) in the UK. Major expansion in the numbers of students has inevitably led to problems in financing both for universities and for students. This in turn has led to a search for new sources of income and a drive to cut unit costs. Higher education is of growing importance to the national economy, both as a means of providing skilled labour and as an invisible export. Government has become increasingly involved in shaping both the profile of HE and the way in which it is managed.
Construction of Knowledge and Learning Experience to Build Digital Literacy in Marginal Communities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Digital literacy is a construction of knowledge and experience for suburban communities in using social media, with various ways used by the community to appreciate the presence of digital technology to help people work online, as well as appreciation from marginal communities along with the development of digital literacy into a construction of knowledge and experiential study. This study employs a qualitative approach with a case study method, focusing on 10 informants who are members of the Mulung Village community, active members of a youth organization, and community facilitators. The research results show that the construction of knowledge and learning experiences in building digital literacy for marginalized communities in marginal communities, which is manifest in community appreciation for the presence of digital technology, which provides convenience, new insights, and benefits as informal learning within the family, acting a mass communication tool, as a forum for the younger generation to discuss, social interaction in cyberspace, and generating consumer behavior in society, as well as an exploration of the younger generation's skills and knowledge in using social media. In conclusion, digital literacy can foster community connection among marginalized communities through mass communication, independent learning experiences, and social media forums, fostering tolerance and empathy, and fostering support for digitalization through a sense of empathy and community support. The study's novelty lies in its in-depth exploration of the interplay between digital literacy, community engagement, and empowerment, particularly for marginalized groups. It demonstrates how digital literacy can foster a sense of belonging, tolerance, and empathy within the community, ultimately leading to a more inclusive and supportive environment for digitalization.
© Impact Journals A STUDY ON STUDENT’S SATISFACTION TOWARDS THE CAMPUS TRANSIT SYSTEM

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article determines the level of satisfaction among the USM bus transit system. The study is based on a survey carried out from the questionnaire that is administered involving 400 students. All data are analyzed by SPSS software. By using the descriptive analysis the level of satisfaction among the students towards the facilities provided are examined. The findings show that the levels of satisfaction among students are mixed. However, majority of students are satisfied with the facilities provided by the university. The findings of this study will help the company or organization or the university to improve their service provided to the students in achieving the student’s satisfaction due to the evaluation of satisfaction level for every variables (facilities).
Introduction of a Ground Penetrating Radar System for Subsurface Investigation in Balik Pulau, Penang Island

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) are non-invasive geophysical techniques that enhance studies of the shallow subsurface. The purposes of this work are to study the subsurface composition of Balik Pulau area in Penang Island and to identify shallow subsurface geology features. Data acquisition for GPR is by using 250 MHz antenna to cover 200m survey line at Jalan Tun Sardon, Balik Pulau. GPR survey was divided into ten sections at 20 m each. Results from GPR shows that there is low EM reflection along the first 40 m of the survey line. Intense EM reflections were recorded along the distance 40 m to 100 m. Less noticeable radar reflections recorded along 100 m to 200 m distance of the survey line. As a conclusion, clear signal of radar wave reflection indicates dry region of the subsurface. Meanwhile, low signal of radar wave reflection indicates highly weathered granitic soil or clay of the subsurface.
The reincarnation of Russia with the legacy of communism, 1990–1994

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article The reincarnation of Russia with the legacy of communism, 1990–1994 Get access The reincarnation of Russia with the legacy of communism, 1990–1994. By John Löwenhardt. London: Longman. 1995. 238pp. Index. Pb.: £12.99. ISBN 0 582 27414 1. Simon Tormey Simon Tormey 1University of Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 72, Issue 1, January 1996, Page 204, https://doi.org/10.2307/2624817 Published: 01 January 1996
Choosing the right biologic treatment for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: the impact of comorbidities

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Some of the biological treatments can influence comorbidities, in some cases even improving them. Therefore, comorbidities are a key factor when deciding on one biological treatment over another. The development of new drugs is expanding the therapeutic arsenal for psoriasis. A high level of expertise in the field with a detailed knowledge of the characteristics of every drug is imperative to provide personalized medicine.
Adjuvant treatment of arrhythmias with fructose sodium diphosphate

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AIM: To assess the efficacy of fructose sodium diphosphate (FDP) in the treatment of arrhythmias. METHODS: The treatment group of 31 patients (M 17, F 14; age 51±s 18 a) was treated with FDP 5-10 g, iv drip, qd, in addition to conventional therapy, for 7-14 d. The other 31 patients in control group (M 20, F 11; age 59±16 a) were treated with the conventional therapy for the treatment of arrhythmias, for 7-14 d. RESULTS: The total effective rate was 90% in treatment group, and 65% in control group. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P0.01). Adverse reactions of FDP were not noted. CONCLUSION: FDP supplement is effective and safe in treating patients with arrhythmias.
Research and Design on the Control System of the Deastringency of Fresh Persimmon

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The application of mechatronics technology is introduced in the field of the national economic sectors. The traditional methods of deastringency in fresh persimmon are presented. And production process, quality identification, quality control and heat preservation method of using warm water for fresh persimmon deastringency are also introduced. The device of fresh persimmon deastringency of using warm water was designed and the electromechanical integration system structure and working principle were explained. Meanwhile, the system of control flow diagram was given and the problem of temperature control was focused on. Finally, the superiority of the system compared with traditional methods was summarized.
Inter-organization computer networks: indications of shifts in interdependence

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

As firms increasingly adopt inter-organization computer networks (IONs) to improve coordination, researchers must be concerned about the long term impact of IONs on organizational relationships. This paper reports on an exploratory study of the use of IONs in design and manufacturing activities in the semiconductor industry. We identify the potential interactions between firms that can be facilitated by IONs, and focus on the implications for customer and producer interdependence. Our analysis suggests that the long term impacts of IONs are not technologically determined, and that their use ought to be regarded differently than those of other media.
Examination of the cluster variational method for the Ising model and some possible corrections (abstract)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The cluster variational method for approximating the Helmholtz free energy is known to give spurious results under some circumstances; for example, when applied in third order to the Ising model, it calculates a complex-valued Curie temperature. We show that truncating the entropy expansion at the low orders results in impossible values for the entropy for apparently allowed regions of the variation space. These distort the free energy, precluding it from having any real-valued minimum at the third order; hence, a complex value is found. Modifying the entropy series using numerical techniques reduces the distortion enough so that physically meaningful results are found.
Improved Similar Music Retrieval for the Query-by-Humming Using the Earth Mover's Distance

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Music retrieval systems are extremely useful for collecting digital music data from on-line music dis- tribution sites. Especially, there is a great need to develop eectiv e techniques for content-based music retrieval systems, which can retrieve by humming query. The main issues in this research is how to decide the similarity of each music features extracted from music data. We have proposed a similar music retrieval method based on humming query using the Earth Mover's Distance as the distance measure. In this paper, for more improving the retrieval precision, we propose a novel music feature parameter and a improvement of the EMD calculation. In addition, we propose a new method of merging the retrieved results. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve 8 % (from 86% to 94%) improvement of the retrieval precision compared to the previous system.
Antibacterial efficacy of Penicillium chermesinum TTMF3 isolated from marine soils of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Antibiotic resistance has become a global concern. The clinical efficacy of many existing antibiotics is being threatened by the emergence of multidrug resistant pathogens. In a systematic screening effort, extracts of Penicillium chermesinum TTMF3 isolated from Red Skin Island were investigated for antibacterial activity. In preliminary experiments, the agar well assay method was employed to screen for antibacterial activity. Ethyl acetate extract exhibited promising antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial pathogens followed by distilled water extract and diethyl ether extract. The antibacterial potentials of P. chermesinum TTMF3 were compared with standard antibiotic tetracycline.
Magnetotransport in disordered two-dimensional topological insulators: signatures of charge puddles

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this numerical study we investigate the influence and interplay of disorder, spin-orbit coupling and magnetic field on the edge-transport in HgTe/CdTe quantum wells in the framework of coherent elastic scattering. We show that the edge states remain unaffected by the combined effect of moderate disorder and a weak magnetic field at realistic spin-orbit coupling strengths. Agreement with the experimentally observed linear magnetic field dependence for the conductance of long samples is obtained when considering the existence of charge puddles.
Eruption history and magma plumbing system of Futamatayama Volcano, southern Fukushima, Japan

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

二岐山火山の活動は，溶岩流ステージと溶岩ドームステージに大別される．溶岩流ステージの活動は，約16～9万年前には東～南～西部へ主に溶岩流を繰り返し流出し（合計1.57 km3 DRE），約9～8万年前には北部に大規模な溶岩流を流出した（合計約1.99 km3 DRE）．その後の溶岩ドームステージ（約9～5万年前の間）では山体中央部に小規模な溶岩ドームを形成した（合計約0.09 km3 DRE）．噴出率は約16～9万年前で低く，約9～8万年前で最大となり，それ以降は低くなる．本火山では珪長質マグマと苦鉄質マグマの混合が支配的である．溶岩流ステージと溶岩ドームステージとの間でマグマの化学組成が明瞭に変化し，異なる2つの混合トレンドが認められる．両ステージ間の苦鉄質マグマの化学組成の違いはかんらん石と輝石の分別で，珪長質マグマの化学組成の違いは，同一の地殻物質の部分溶融度の違いでそれぞれ説明可能である．
MicroRNA-144 regulates erythroid differentiation of K562 cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective We aimed to study the influence of miR-144 on human erythroid differentiation via targeting the retinoblastoma protein(RB).Methods K562 cells were treated with hemin to differentiate into mature red cells.Real-time PCR analysis was used to detect the changes of miR-144 expression during erythroid differentiation.K562 cells were transfected with oligonucleotides(mimic-144) and the influence of erythropoiesis was measured.The target gene of miR-144 was identified by using bioinformatics analysis combined with Dual-luciferase reporter and Western blot analysis.Results miR-144 was significantly increased during hemin-induced K562 erythroid differentiation(P0.05).Over-expression of miR-144 in K562 cells promoted the stimulation of γ-globin and CD235a.Moreover,RB was identified as a direct target of miR-144.Expression of RB increased slightly and then reduced obviously in erythroid differentiation.Grey mean of RB/GAPDH minimum point: 12 h 0.092±0.007(P0.05 compared with 0 h).Conclusion miR-144 plays a positive role in erythroid differentiation of K562 cells via targeting RB.
Retaining nurses via organizational support and pay during COVID‐19 pandemic: The moderating effect between intrinsic and extrinsic incentives

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aim There has been growing concern about the nurses' turnover intention as well as life satisfaction during COVID‐19 pandemic in Iran. The past research has provided evidence on the effect of organizational support on nurses' job satisfaction and turnover intention. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism behind these associations. Design A cross‐sectional survey was undertaken. Methods An online survey was conducted in Iran from May to June 2020 through Google Docs Forms. In total, 305 nurses were participated and completed the online survey. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling through (AMOS). This study was checked with the STROBE checklist. Result The results showed that nurses' perception of organizational support was positively related to their job satisfaction which in turn decreases the turnover intention. Likewise, the job satisfaction partially mediated the relationship between organizational support and nurses' life satisfaction.
[Myasthenia Gravis and Myositis(PD-1 Myopathy)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The specific characteristics of neuromuscular immune-related adverse events(irAEs)including myasthenia gravis have not been elucidated because the frequency is generally low, ranging from 1-2% of cancer patients undergoing therapy with programmed cell death 1(PD-1)inhibitors. Inflammatory myopathy(myositis)is also one of the representative neuromuscular irAEs. A variety of studies have demonstrated that myositis as an irAE is often accompanied by ocular muscle symptoms, which physicians have often termed "myasthenia-like" or "pseudo-myasthenic". We presented the clinical features of 19 Japanese patients with inflammatory myopathy associated with PD-1 inhibitors(PD-1 myopathy)(13 men and 6 women, mean age 70 years). Ten patients showed a mild form of disease and 9 patients showed a severe form. Non-small cell lung cancer was the most common underlying cancer. PD-1 inhibitor consisted of 11 nivolumab and 8 pembrolizumab. PD-1 myopathy occurred 29 days on average after the first administration of PD-1 inhibitor. Serum creatine kinase(CK)was increased to 5,247 IU/L on average. Autoantibodies related to inflammatory myopathy were negative, while anti-striational antibodies were found in 13(68%). Muscle pathology was characterized by multifocal necrotic myofibers with endomysial inflammation. Immunotherapy with corticosteroids was generally effective for muscle weakness with prompt normalization of serum CK levels. Myasthenia gravis and myositis induced by PD-1 inhibitors may have the common clinical features and pathological mechanisms.
Diabetes Breakthroughs: Januvia and Janumet

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

I do not recommend this, but let’s just suppose that for breakfast you had a waffle drenched in maple syrup, a large glass of orange juice, and coffee with two teaspoons of sugar. What happens next? Your breakfast is full of carbohydrates. The waffle contains complex carbohydrates (starches) from the flour, and the orange juice, syrup, and sugared coffee contain simple carbohydrates (sugars). The sugar in orange juice and syrup is mostly fructose, and that in your coffee is sucrose. In the intestines, the starches are slowly broken down into the sugar glucose; the sucrose is split into equal amounts of glucose and fructose. The fructose can be converted to glucose in the liver. The sugars from the orange juice, syrup, and coffee enter the blood quickly; those from the starches in the waffle enter more slowly. However, they all act to increase blood glucose levels. A basic principle of human physiology is summed up in one word—homeostasis, which simply means that when the normal metabolic status of the human body is changed in some way, the body responds by restoring normality. When something changes, the body fights back to eliminate or minimize the change. This is what happens when blood glucose is elevated in response to a meal. Here is how. The pancreas is a medium-size organ in the abdomen that secretes enzymes into the gut to aid in digestion, and endocrine hormones into the bloodstream to control some aspects of metabolism. The pancreas responds to sugar entering the bloodstream by secreting the peptide hormone insulin into the circulation. Insulin is made in specialized cells of the pancreas known as the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans. Insulin has a critical role in the regulation of blood glucose levels. Acting through its receptor, insulin causes glucose in the blood to be taken up by muscle and fat cells, reducing the blood glucose level.