jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Lean et al 1995 Reconstructed Solar Irradiance Data

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Solar total and ultraviolet (UV) irradiances are reconstructed annually from 1610 to the present. This epoch includes the Maunder Minimum of anomalously low solar activity (circa 1645–1715) and the subsequent increase to the high levels of the present Modern Maximum. In this reconstruction, the Schwabe (11-year) irradiance cycle and a longer term variability component are determined separately, based on contemporary solar and stellar monitoring. The correlation of reconstructed solar irradiance and Northern Hemisphere (NH) surface temperature is 0.86 in the pre-industrial period from 1610 to 1800, implying a predominant solar influence. Extending this correlation to the present suggests that solar forcing may have contributed about half of the observed 0.55°C surface warming since 1860 and one third of the warming since 1970.
Facebook: A Students Link to Social Connections

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Facebook, a popular social networking site among college students, provides the means for college students to stay in contact with their friends. I conducted this present study to examine the relationship between college students’ Facebook usage, their age, and their number of friends. One hundred and thirteen students from a general psychology course participated in this study. The outcome suggest that Facebook usage among college students is higher among younger students, with those students spending 1.37 hours more per week logged into their Facebook account. Additionally this study found a strong correlation with the number of friends college students have and their Facebook usage, were those college students that have more friends interacted more frequently on Facebook. The college students with a higher amount of friends posted information on their Facebook account more frequently on a daily basis as well as uploaded pictures more frequently during a weekly basis. As expected this study confirmed the association between age and the number of friends as a driving factor behind Facebook usage.
Kalman Filter Based High Precision Temperature Data Processing Method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Obtaining high precision temperature data is crucial in spaceflight applications, considering the growing demand for high precision temperature measurement and the limited onboard resources with a harsh thermal environment in the spacecraft. How to obtain the data, however, becomes an urgent problem. Kalman filtering method is one of the solutions to obtain high precision temperature data with such limited resources. In this paper, the authors demonstrate the principle of temperature measurement system, the application of Kalman filter in temperature measurement including the processing method of sensor self-heating effect, and establishes the state space of measurement error and system error. Through the test, it could be seen that Kalman filtering can improve the temperature measurement resolution to the order of 100 μK while effectively reducing the temperature measurement bias.
Computational thinking in early childhood education: The impact of programming a tangible robot on developing debugging knowledge

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The present study investigates the debugging process of 526 children in preschool (4–6 aged) when programming a tangible robot. When a child is involved in programming, it is needed to identify and correct errors, or in other words, debug a program. Debugging is a high-level thinking skill and is an essential component closely related to developing Computational Thinking in early childhood education. Though the debugging process is a cognitive function in programming investigated by many researchers in recent decades, most studies are conducted either in primary, secondary education, or higher education concerning beginners or experts in programming. Very few reviews, and some focus on preschool education. Our study set out the following objectives: 1) How do children identify the existence of error and locate it? 2) What types of errors emerge when coding? 3) What type of error is complex for novice programmers? 4) What strategies are developed by novice programmers to debug effectively? and 5) What types of knowledge do novice programmers construct by debugging the tangible robot Bee-Bot? The study follows an iterative model of a design-based research approach. It uses multiple case studies to collect qualitative and quantitative data. The programming intervention was implemented by 30 educators in their classrooms and was based on a scenario-based teaching design. The debugging process was analysed using Klahr & Craven's framework (1988): 1) test and evaluate program, 2) identify bug, 3) represent program, 4) locate bug and 5) correct bug. The main finding is the construction and development of syntactic and semantic knowledge.
The Relationship Between MOTS-c K14Q Polymorphism and Sarcopenia, Blood Lipids, and Mental Health in Older Korean Adults

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background/objectives: An East Asian-specific 1382A>C polymorphism in the mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA type-c results in an amino acid substitution from Lys (K) to Gln (Q) at the 14th amino acid residue. This study investigated the association between m.1382A>C polymorphism and sarcopenia, blood lipids, and mental health in older Korean adults. Methods: The study included 683 community-dwelling Korean adults (345 men and 338 women) aged 65 years and older. The m.1382A>C polymorphism was genotyped with a 7500 real-time PCR system. Handgrip strength (HGS) was measured, and appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM) mass was calculated. Demographics, blood lipids, falling risk, nutritional intake, cognition function, and depression were additionally measured. Results: Men carrying the C allele had significantly higher ASM (21.6 ± 3.0 vs. 19.5 ± 2.2 kg, p = 0.018), ASM/height2 (7.76 ± 0.76 vs. 7.14 ± 0.62 kg/m2, p = 0.012), lean mass (53.3 ± 6.2 vs. 46.5 ± 4.0 kg, p < 0.001), left HGS (33.3 ± 5.0 vs. 28.9 ± 4.0 kg, p = 0.010), and right HGS (35.6 ± 5.3 vs. 30.9 ± 4.3 kg, p = 0.009) than men carrying the A allele. The genotype differences in ASM (p = 0.017), ASM/height2 (p = 0.011), lean mass (p < 0.001), left HGS (p = 0.010), and right HGS (p = 0.009) remained significant even after adjusting for all measured covariates. By contrast, no significant differences in other measured parameters were found between women carrying the A and C alleles. Conclusions: Our study findings indicate that the m.1382A>C polymorphism may be used as a genetic biomarker of age-related sarcopenia in older Korean men.
Computer programming puzzles, mathematics education, and the culture of learning

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this chapter, we focus on computer programming puzzles in mathematics education and consider their effect on mathematics teaching and learning in two ways: (1) through the literature in the field, and (2) through an analysis and discussion of a mathematics-oriented computer programming puzzle focusing on the introduction of variables in grades 3-4 (ages 8-10). We conclude that mathematics-oriented computer programming puzzles support and complement a learning culture that values mathematical play, student agency, and conceptual surprise and insight.
Non-Specific Binding (In Dna-Protein Interactions)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Recommendations are given concerning the terminology of methods of bioanalytical chemistry. With respect to dynamic development particularly in the analysis and investigation of biomacromolecules, terms related to bioanalytical samples, enzymatic methods, immunoanalytical methods, methods used in genomics and nucleic acid analysis, proteomics, metabolomics, glycomics, lipidomics, and biomolecules interaction studies are introduced.
Decentralized Clearing in Financial Networks (RM/16/005-revised-)

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We consider a situation in which agents have mutual claims on each other, summarized in a liability matrix. Agents' assets might be insufficient to satisfy their liabilities leading to defaults. In case of default, bankruptcy rules are used to specify the way agents are going to be rationed. A clearing payment matrix is a payment matrix consistent with the prevailing bankruptcy rules that satisisfies limited liability and priority of creditors. Since clearing payment matrices and the corresponding values of equity are not uniquely determined, we provide bounds on the possible levels equity can take. Unlike the existing literature, which studies centralized clearing procedures, we introduce a large class of decentralized clearing processes. We show the convergence of any such process in finitely many iterations to the least clearing payment matrix. When the unit of account is sufficiently small, all decentralized clearing processes lead essentially to the same value of equity as a centralized clearing procedure. As a policy implication, it is not necessary to collect and process all the sensitive data of all the agents simultaneously and run a centralized clearing procedure.
Doppler Estimation of Left Ventricular Filling Pressures in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background —Conventional Doppler parameters are unreliable for estimating left ventricular (LV) filling pressures in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). This study was undertaken to evaluate flow propagation velocity by color M-mode and early diastolic annular velocity (Ea) by tissue Doppler 2 new indices of LV relaxation, combined with mitral E velocity for estimation of filling pressures in HCM. Methods and Results —Thirty-five HCM patients (52±15 years) underwent LV catheterization simultaneously with 2-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. Pulsed Doppler echocardiography of mitral and pulmonary venous flows was obtained along with flow propagation velocity and Ea. LV preA pressure had weak or no relations with mitral, pulmonary venous velocities and atrial volumes. In contrast, preA pressure related strongly to E velocity/flow propagation velocity ( r =0.67; SEE=4) and E/Ea ( r =0.76; SEE=3.4). In 17 patients with repeat measurements, preA pressure changes were well detected by measuring E velocity/flow propagation velocity ( r =0.68; P =0.01) or E/Ea ( r =0.8; P <0.001). PreA pressure estimation with these 2 methods was tested prospectively in 17 additional HCM patients with good results (E velocity/flow propagation velocity, r =0.76; E/Ea, r =0.82). Conclusions —LV filling pressures can be estimated with reasonable accuracy in HCM patients by measuring E velocity/flow propagation velocity or E/Ea. These ratios also track changes in filling pressures.
Cooperative UAV Clustering for Fair Coverage of Communication Regions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cooperative unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) cluster technology is considered a prospective solution for area coverage problems, enabling network access and emergency communications in remote areas. In this paper, we investigate how to control UAV cluster to achieve long-term and stable regional coverage while maintaining link connectivity and minimizing energy consumption, given the limited communication range and energy consumption of the UAVs themselves. To this end, we propose a cooperative UAV cluster strategy based on multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL) to achieve fair coverage of communication regions, which we call MADRL-based cooperative UAV cluster strategy (MADRL-CUCS). Our solution is a centralized training distributed execution architecture and defines a cluster structure for leader UAVs and follower UAVs. Under the premise of comprehensively considering the maximum coverage, we use a new energy efficiency function to minimize energy consumption, so as to extend the network lifetime of the UAVs cluster networks. The new fairness index and collision avoidance factor are used to ensure that the UAV cluster achieve effective and secure regional coverage. We adopt depth first search algorithm to check the link connectivity of the UAVs during the coverage process. Experiments show that the MADRL-CUCS algorithm outperforms the benchmark algorithm.
Broadband Sub-THz Dielectric Waveguides Characterization

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<p>In this paper, several plastic fiber for high-speed mmW communications are measured in the sub-THz range using waveguide transitions specifically designed for its characterization. These waveguide transitions have the advantage of being low cost and very broadband. First, rectangular to circular waveguide transitions are introduced. Then circular to plastic waveguide transitions are presented. These transitions are designed and measured at D-band (110-170 GHz) and H-band (220- 330 GHz). Next, the characterization of plastic waveguides of different shapes and in both frequency bands is carried out. Within the two considered bands, the proposed transitions achieve both simulated and measured insertion losses (IL) as low as 1 ±0.2 dB and 2 dB, respectively. For the plastic fibers, a good agreement between theoretical model and experimental results are obtained with loss per meter varying between 4 and 20 dB/m depending on the fiber geometry and operating frequency.</p>
Software for teaching aid: electrical power engineering concept / Hairulazwan Hashim

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The main objective of this project is to design a software especially for Electrical Engineering students and to assist them in learning the electrical power engineering subject. The project centered on the Computer Aided Education software and it was developed by using Matlab and Simulink programming languages. The text and graphics are included to provide simulation of the electrical power engineering concepts and also to be an interactive teaching notes, diagrams, and interactive graphics. The learning process using this software becomes more stimulating, easier to understand. The potential of the software includes; expanding the contents, assisting and improve the teaching and learning process. All the features in this software are user friendly and interactive.
Moscow’s Creative Economy in Figures

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This report presented by the Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge of the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE ISSEK) is dedicated to the statistical measurement of the creative economy of Moscow. This publication gives a first ever classification of Moscow’s creative industries – sectors of the economy where the major part of gross value added is generated out of creative activity and intellectual property rights management, and provides a description of approaches to calculating key indicators of their economic and territorial development. Original assessments of creative employment and foreign trade of creative goods on the basis of official data sources, as well as infographic profiles of selected creative industries, are provided. The report will be of practical interest to representatives of public authorities, managers and employees of companies, educational institutions, research institutes, experts and all involved in the creative economy agenda.
Towards Energy Efficient Cognitive Radio Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cognitive radio (CR) is a cutting-edge wireless communication technology that adopts several existing communication concepts in order to efficiently utilize the spectrum and meet the users demands of high throughput and real-time systems. Conventionally, high throughput demands are met through adopting broadband and multi-antenna technologies such as, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO). Whereas, real-time application demands are met by analyzing metrics which characterize the delay limited channels, such as, outage probability over block-fading channels. Being an environmental friendly technology, energy efficiency metrics should be considered in the design of a CR application. This thesis tackles the energy efficiency of CR system from different aspects, utilizing different measuring metrics and constrains. Under the single-input single-output (SISO) OFDM we minimized the energy per goodbit (EPG) metric subject to several power and Quality of Service (QoS) constraints. In this approach, the minimum EPG metric is optimized via proposing two optimal and sub-optimal resource allocation schemes. We consider several parameters as optimization variables, such as, power policy, sensing threshold, and channel quality threshold. We also captured the impact of involving the media access control (MAC) layers parameters, such as, frame length, in the minimization of a modified EPG metric. Also, a MAC protocol, i.e., hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ), and the associated power consumption of the retransmission mechanism is considered in the formulation of the problem. In this context, the optimal power and frame length are derived to minimize the modified EPG while considering several spectrum-sharing scenarios, which depend on sensing information. In MIMO based CR system, we maximized capacity to power ratio (CPR) (as an energy efficiency (EE) metric) subject to several power and QoS constraints. In this context, the impact of sensing information with imperfect channel state information (CSI) of the secondary channel has been considered. To realize a CR system with real-time applications we minimized the outage probability over M block-fading channel with several long-term and short-term energy constrains. We derive the minimum outage region and the associated optimal power. Tractable expressions to lower and upper bound the outage probability are derived. We then analyze the impact of utilizing the sensing process of primary user activity.
ON-FARM COMPARISON OF FEEDING STRATEGIES BASED ON FORAGES FOR SMALL-SCALE DAIRY PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN THE HIGHLANDS OF CENTRAL MEXICO

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The on-farm evaluation of three feeding strategies for smallholder campesino dairy herds was undertaken in the highlands of Central Mexico with cooperating farmers: traditional, alternative and intermediate feeding strategies. All three incorporated grazing of cultivated pastures, but concentrate use was 4.0 and 7.0 kg per cow per day in the rainy and dry seasons respectively for the traditional feeding strategy, 3.3 for the alternative feeding strategy in both rainy and dry seasons and 5.0 and 9.0 kg per cow per day in the rainy and dry seasons respectively for the intermediate feeding strategy. Feeding during the dry season was based on maize straw in the traditional strategy, on pasture complemented with maize silage in the alternative feeding strategy, and with some maize silage but mostly maize straw in the intermediate feeding strategy. The trial ran between 25 September 1996 and 24 September 1997, divided by season into four, thirteen-week periods. Milk yields were recorded once per week, and live weight and body-condition score, every 28 days. Three cows per strategy that completed each period were blocked according to stage of lactation and used for the statistical analysis of a split-plot design with feeding strategies as main plots and weeks as split-plots. Overall mean milk yields were 15.5±2.05, 13.4±2.43 and 12.4±2.37 kg milk per cow per day for alternative, intermediate and traditional feeding strategies respectively, with significant interactions ( P <0.05) for autumn, winter and summer. The alternative feeding strategy (with over 50% less concentrate) produced milk yields 0.24 and 0.38 higher than the intermediate and traditional feeding strategies in the dry season. In the rainy season, milk yields with the alternative feeding strategy (30% less concentrates) were 0.09 and 0.16 higher than the other two strategies. Margins per day of family labour were: alternative feeding strategy US$36.48 per day, intermediate feeding strategy US$9.22 per day and the traditional feeding strategy US$9.11 per day, although in the case of the last two there were two family members in charge of the dairy herds. Results demonstrate the successful integration of grazed pasture and maize silage for the efficient production of milk, and provide evidence on the productive use of limited campesino land resources in the face of unviable economic conditions for maize grain production.
Educar Médicos, Cuidar de Memórias: Sentidos da Constituição de um Museu Histórico de Medicina

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Thematizing the place of humanities and memory in medical education, we investigate meanings of the constitution of the Centro de Memória e Museu Histórico - CMMH of the Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto/USP. From the perspective of the phenomenological culture psychology, we selected as deponent Anette Hoffmann, central figure of the CMMH. We conducted a semi-structured interview, analyzed phenomenologically. Taking care of the preservation of the collection of the faculty, Anette intends to make possible historical researches and to foment the cultural formation of the students, particularly of medicine. Her work promotes the humanities to develop critical spirit and problematize the ultra-specialization and business vision that expand into the university. We conclude that the analyzed experience indicates how the preservation of memory contributes to medical education by translating broad view of science and university. Palavras-chave : Medical Education; Memory; Museums; Phenomenological Research.
Liquid Phase Acoustic Wave Exfoliation of Layered\nMoS<sub>2</sub>: Critical Impact of Electric Field in Efficiency

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Liquid\nphase exfoliation techniques of layered crystals establish\nthe basis for high yield production of two-dimensional (2D) flakes\nsuspension. However, such techniques generally require a long processing\ntime. The recent demonstration of the piezoelectric phenomenon in\nnoncentrosymmetric layered transition metal dichalcogenides, such\nas molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>), leads to new opportunities\nfor fast and efficient exfoliation processes. Here we use concomitant\nelectric field and mechanical shear force for producing a suspension\nof MoS<sub>2</sub> nanoflakes from exfoliation of their layered bulk\npowder particles. The electrical and mechanical fields are applied\nby a surface acoustic wave (SAW) microcentrifugation device. We show\nthat the overall yield per unit of time of 3.816%/h can be achieved,\nwhich is at least an order of magnitude larger than previously reported\nliquid phase exfoliation methods. Simultaneously, the impressive monolayer\nyield is 58% in an excellent agreement with the computational estimation\nbased on electric field assisted density functional theory calculations.\nThe work therefore reports two major advancements. We show efficient\nexfoliation of layered MoS<sub>2</sub>. More importantly, we demonstrate\nthe importance of the electric field in increasing the efficiency\nof liquid phase exfoliation. It is thus expected that these outcomes\nto fundamentally impact research activities focused on the exfoliation\nof piezoelectric 2D materials.