jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Multi-Stage Adaptive Feature Fusion Neural Network for Multimodal Gait Recognition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Gait recognition is a biometric technology that has received extensive attention. Most existing gait recognition algorithms are unimodal, and a few multimodal gait recognition algorithms perform multimodal fusion only once. None of these algorithms may fully exploit the complementary advantages of the multiple modalities. In this paper, by considering the temporal and spatial characteristics of gait data, we propose a multi-stage feature fusion strategy (MSFFS), which performs multimodal fusions at different stages in the feature extraction process. Also, we propose an adaptive feature fusion module (AFFM) that considers the semantic association between silhouettes and skeletons. The fusion process fuses different silhouette areas with their more related skeleton joints. Since visual appearance changes and time passage co-occur in a gait period, we propose a multiscale spatial-temporal feature extractor (MSSTFE) to learn the spatial-temporal linkage features thoroughly. Specifically, MSSTFE extracts and aggregates spatial-temporal linkages information at different spatial scales. Combining the strategy and modules mentioned above, we propose a multi-stage adaptive feature fusion (MSAFF) neural network, which shows state-of-the-art performance in many experiments on three datasets. Besides, MSAFF is equipped with feature dimensional pooling (FD Pooling), which can significantly reduce the dimension of the gait representations without hindering the accuracy. https://github.com/ShinanZou/MSAFF
Academic demands related to listening skills

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A literature review was conducted in order to identify various parameters underlying listening comprehension. The results of this review were used as a basis for a survey of faculty in six graduate fields as well as undergraduate English faculty. The purpose of the survey was to a) obtain faculty perceptions of the importance to academic success of various listening skills and activities, b) assess the degree to which both native and non-native speakers experience difficulties with these skills or activities, and c) determine faculty views of alternative means of evaluating these skills. Faculty perceived some listening skills as more important than others for academic success. These included nine skills in particular that were related primarily to various aspects of lecture content (e.g. identifying major ideas and relationships among them). As might be expected, faculty perceived that non- native students experience more difficulty than native students with all listening activities, and that non-native students have disproportionately greater difficulty with some activities, such as following lectures given at different speeds and comprehending or deducing the meaning of important vocabulary. With respect to measuring listening comprehension, some general approaches and specific item types were judged to be more appropriate than others. These included tasks that entail answering questions involving the recall of details as well as those involving inference or deductions. The results of the survey are used to suggest further research on the construct validity of the Listening Comprehension section of the TOEFL.
A Role for Clusterin in Exfoliation Syndrome and Exfoliation Glaucoma?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The multifunctional protein clusterin (CLU) is a secreted glycoprotein ubiquitously expressed throughout the body, including in the eye. Its primary function is to act as an extracellular molecular chaperone, preventing the precipitation and aggregation of misfolded extracellular proteins. Clusterin is commonly identified at fluid-tissue interfaces, and has been identified in most body fluids. It is a component of exfoliation material, and CLU mRNA is reduced in eyes with exfoliation syndrome compared with controls. SNPs located in the CLU genomic region have been associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) at the genome-wide level and several CLU SNPs located in an apparent regulatory region have been nominally associated with XFS/XFG in Caucasians with European ancestry and in south Indians. Interestingly, clusterin associates with altered elastic fibers in human photoaged skin and prevents UV-induced elastin aggregation in vitro. In light of the known geographic risk factors for XFS/XFG, which could include UV light, investigations of CLU-geographic interactions could be of interest. Future studies investigating rare CLU variation and other complex interactions including gene-gene interactions in XFS/XFG cases and controls may also be fruitful. Although CLU has been considered as a therapeutic target in AD, cancer and dry eye, a role for clusterin in XFS/XFG needs to be better defined before therapeutic approaches involving CLU can be entertained.
Exercise and Headaches

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In brief Exercise-induced headaches are usually of the vascular or tension types, but they can manifest serious organic disease. A complete physical and neurologic examination is therefore crucial, and a CT scan or an MRI is warranted, as well. Treatment of exertional headaches will vary with the diagnosis and the frequency and severity of the attacks. Although some patients find relief with behavioral approaches, many will need medication. Some medications may affect athletic performance.
LHD ICHPXI #125832.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) heating system to launch fast waves (Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) waves) to heat plasma particles by wave-particle interaction. Raw data are forward and reflected power and voltage of transmission lines, 3.5 U/L and 4.5 U/L.
Abstract P344: Validation of Computational Fluid Dynamics Against PC-MRI Measurements of Blood Flow in Healthy Intracranial Arteries: On the Threshold to Clinical Utility for Stroke Prediction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling of blood flow is a promising technique to obtain hemodynamic biomarkers and predict recurrent strokes. Few studies, however, have validated CFD against other methods for measuring hemodynamics, e.g. phase contrast MRI (PC-MRI). To resolve the uncertainties about the accuracy of CFD, this study validates the results of an automated software that combines deep learning and CFD for simulating blood flow given an MR angiogram against PC-MRI. Methods: Intracranial arteries in 10 healthy volunteers (60% male, mean age 38 ± 16 years) were automatically segmented from TOF MRA obtained at 3T using deep learning. Subject-specific CFD modelling was undertaken. PC-MRI flow rate for each subject was used at the inlet boundary condition, but not at the outlets. Outlet boundary condition was set to lumped parameter Windkessel model, with the resistance programmatically determined using allometric scaling laws based on the dimension and branching of vasculature. For comparison, two commonly used outlet conditions (exponent 2 & 3 in Murray’s Law) were also considered. CFD results for flow rate and wall shear stress were compared against PC-MRI using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: The flow rate across major intracranial arteries from CFD was in excellent agreement with the PC-MRI (MCA: r = 0.83, ACA: r = 0.81 & PCA: r = 0.82). In addition, there was good correlation for both wall shear stress (WSS) and WSS Ratio (WSSR, i.e. the ratio of WSS between a branch and its parent vessel) (MCA (WSS/WSSR): r = 0.6/0.77, ACA (WSS/WSSR): r = 0.86/0.93 & PCA (WSS/WSSR): r = 0.72/0.85). The inter-subject variability of the flow rate (i.e. standard deviation) obtained from CFD matched closely the variation range observed from PC-MRI and the literature. The two alternative outlet models behaved similarly but suffered from vessel truncation and high errors in some cases. Conclusion: CFD modelling of blood flow in intracranial arteries from static images has good agreement with PC-MRI measurements when allometric scaling laws are applied for setting Windkessel outflow conditions. This lays the foundation for using CFD to predict recurrent strokes as the technique uses standard MRA images already commonly acquired for stroke evaluation.
Isaac Lea'sPalaeosauropus (= “Sauropus”) primaevus:A Review of His Discovery

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In 1849, Isaac Lea named Sauropus primaevus for footprints from Mount Carbon, Pennsylvania, USA, then the oldest fossil vertebrate footprints reported. In 1902, O. P. Hay constructed a new ichnogenus Palaeosauropus for this ichnospecies. Palaeosauropus has been one of the most frequently reported Mississippian footprint ichnogenera in North America and remains a valid ichnotaxon. The holotype of Palaeosauropus (= "Sauropus") primaevus (referred to as P. primaevus), consisting of a single manus/pes pair, is described and illustrated in Lea (1853) Lea, I. 1853. On the fossil foot-marks in the Red Sandstones of Pottsville, Schuylkill County, Penna. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 10(new series): 307–315. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar] and is housed at the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (ANS9752). Lea's large specimen of P. primaevus (approximately 86 cm by 53 cm), that included a trackway of six manus/pes pairs, described and illustrated in 1853 and 1855, was a combination of ANS9752 and a second specimen represented by a plaster cast housed at the National Museum of Natural History (USNM487148). Historical documents and examination of the Mauch Chunk Formation at Mount Carbon, Pennsylvania, enabled the identification of Lea's tracksite, originally reported to be a few hundred feet (about 75 m) from the former Mount Carbon Hotel. Our forensic evidence indicates the type locality for P. primaevus is approximately 90 m south from the southwest corner of Centre and Main Streets in Mount Carbon, Pennsylvania, with geographical coordinates of N 40° 40' 25.7", W 76° 11' 14.9". The type locality is within the middle member of the Mauch Chunk Formation, a fluvial sequence of late Mississippian (Visean) Age.
Standardization of Robotic Grafting in Bell-Pepper (Capsicum annuum L. Var. Grossum Sendt.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Bell-pepper is a money spinner off season vegetable and is being exported to distant markets and brings profitable returns to the farmers. Manual grafting is labour intensive, time consuming and has poor grafting success as compared to robotic grafting, to accelerate grafting in vegetables, grafting robots are being used in some countries. The experimentation was laid out in a Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications and data was recorded on various horticultural and quality traits. Treatment combination RS3A3 ensued lowest in days to first flowering and days to first harvest, showed significantly highest number of marketable fruits per plant, average fruit weight, marketable fruit yield per plant, marketable fruit yield per plot, fruit yield per hectare, fruit width, harvest duration and plant height.Whereas, maximum fruit length was recorded in RS1A3 Treatment. Grafting with scion and stock of as forty five days old was found the best seedling age combination.Data specified that there was no significant effect of interaction between rootstocks and seedling age on pericarp thickness (mm). Scion variety ‘Indra’ was mechanically grafted on rootstock PI-201232 has been found most suitable and can be recommended for further use among growers.
Faktor Dan Dampak Perilaku Prokrastinasi Akademik Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran PPKn Di SMP Negeri 7 Brebes

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Procrastination is the behavior of delaying academic assignments that are carried out intentionally by carrying out other activities that are not needed, so that work is hampered. The purpose of this study was to find out the general description, influencing factors and the impact resulting from students' academic procrastination behavior in Civics subjects at SMP Negeri 7 Brebes. This research method is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques using interviews, observation and documentation. Data validity techniques use source triangulation, techniques and extend observations, as well as data analysis techniques by collecting, presenting, reducing, and drawing conclusions of data. The results of the study showed that 1) The academic procrastination students of SMP Negeri 7 Brebes in PPKn subjects was high. Including the type of procrastination is Dysfunctional Procrastination, 2) Factors that affect academic procrastination, internal factors such as physical condition, psychology, time management, difficulty in concentrating and dislike of tasks. External factors such environmental, 3) Impacts arising from academic procrastination, internal effects such as feelings of guilt and regret for oneself. The external impact is that students do not complete assignments properly, learning outcomes are less than optimal and get a warning from the teacher.
Competing Physiological Demands During Incipient Colony Foundation in a Social Insect: Consequences of Pathogenic Stress

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The social nature of termites has allowed them to become an ecologically dominant taxon. However, their nesting and foraging habits (decayed wood and/or soil), combined with frequent social interactions, enhances the risk of pathogen transmission. New dispersing kings and queens are especially vulnerable to pathogens due to the metabolic demands of nest construction, courtship, mating, oogenesis, and parental care, all while mounting an immune response to novel pathogens encountered upon leaving the natal nest. To quantify differential allocation of resources during colony establishment in response to disease exposure, Zootermopsis angusticollis kings and queens were paired after one or both individuals received an injection of saline, heat-killed Serratia marcescens (ecologically relevant, Gram-negative, soil bacterium), a sub-lethal dose of live S. marcescens, or were left untreated. We then quantified several indices of fitness, including the survival of the reproductive pair, onset and likelihood of oviposition, number of eggs produced, and egg quality as a function of parental immunological treatment. Our results uncovered complex and dynamic interactions between these fitness measures and pathogenic stress. Overall, pathogenic stress reduced the survival of kings and queens, the likelihood of oviposition and egg total, but not the onset of oviposition or egg quality, indicating that, in the face of disease, queens “opt” to maintain offspring quality over quantity. These impacts appear to be context-dependent—modulated by colony of origin, sex, mass, and the presence of a mate—rather than absolute. The acquisition of resources prior to colony foundation, combined with the effects of pathogenic exposure, can dramatically limit the success of termites. Based on these empirical data, we have developed a conceptual model of the first 30 days of colony life, involving two successive fitness checkpoints, survival and oviposition, followed by an initial growth phase in which the first egg cohort is produced. In summary, we identified not only the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence successful termite colony foundation, but also the maternal and paternal pathogen-induced effects. Such effects alter resource allocation decisions of parents toward their offspring, with cascading consequences on colony fitness.
Performance of deep learning restoration methods for the extraction of particle dynamics in noisy microscopy image sequences

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Particle tracking in living systems requires low light exposure and short exposure times to avoid phototoxicity and photobleaching and to fully capture particle motion with high-speed imaging. Low-excitation light comes at the expense of tracking accuracy. Image restoration methods based on deep learning dramatically improve the signal-to-noise ratio in low-exposure data sets, qualitatively improving the images. However, it is not clear whether images generated by these methods yield accurate quantitative measurements such as diffusion parameters in (single) particle tracking experiments. Here, we evaluate the performance of two popular deep learning denoising software packages for particle tracking, using synthetic data sets and movies of diffusing chromatin as biological examples. With synthetic data, both supervised and unsupervised deep learning restored particle motions with high accuracy in two-dimensional data sets, whereas artifacts were introduced by the denoisers in three-dimensional data sets. Experimentally, we found that, while both supervised and unsupervised approaches improved tracking results compared with the original noisy images, supervised learning generally outperformed the unsupervised approach. We find that nicer-looking image sequences are not synonymous with more precise tracking results and highlight that deep learning algorithms can produce deceiving artifacts with extremely noisy images. Finally, we address the challenge of selecting parameters to train convolutional neural networks by implementing a frugal Bayesian optimizer that rapidly explores multidimensional parameter spaces, identifying networks yielding optimal particle tracking accuracy. Our study provides quantitative outcome measures of image restoration using deep learning. We anticipate broad application of this approach to critically evaluate artificial intelligence solutions for quantitative microscopy.
Community health services in European literature: A systematic review of their features, outcomes, and nursing contribution to care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background To meet the population's needs, community care should be customized and continuous, adequately equipped, and monitored. Introduction Considering their fragmented and heterogeneous nature, a summary of community healthcare services described in European literature is needed. The aim of this study was to summarize their organizational models, outcomes, nursing contribution to care, and nursing‐related determinants of outcomes. Methods A systematic review was performed by searching PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Embase in October 2022 and October 2023 (for updated results). Quantitative studies investigating the effects of community care, including nursing contribution, on patient outcomes were included and summarized. Reporting followed the PRISMA checklist. The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022383856). Results Twenty‐three studies describing six types of community care services were included, which are heterogeneous in terms of target population, country, interventions, organizational characteristics, and investigated outcomes. Heterogeneous services’ effects were observed for access to emergency services, satisfaction, and compliance with treatment. Services revealed a potential to reduce rehospitalizations of people with long‐term conditions, frail or older persons, children, and heart failure patients. Models are mainly multidisciplinary and, although staffing and workload may also have an impact on provided care, this was not enough investigated. Discussion Community health services described in European literature in the last decade are in line with population needs and suggest different suitable models and settings according to different care needs. Community care should be strengthened in health systems, although the influence of staffing, workload, and work environment on nursing care should be investigated by developing new management models. Conclusions and implications for health policy Community care models are heterogeneous across Europe, and the optimum organizational structure is not clear yet. Future policies should consider the impact of community care on both health and economic outcomes and enhance nursing contributions to care.
Pengaruh Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja dan Kepuasan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT Bahari Internasional Mandiri Medan

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This aim is to find out the Effect of Occupational Safety and Health and Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance at PT Bahari Internasional Mandiri Medan. The sampling technique used is the total sampling method because the population in this company is 51 people. The analysis technique used is descriptive method and quantitative method. The results of this study indicate that the variable occupational safety and health (X1) has a positive and significant effect on the performance of employees of PT. Bahari Internasional Mandiri Medan Job satisfaction variable (X2) has a positive and significant effect on the performance of employees of PT. Bahari Internasional Mandiri Medan and the variables of occupational safety and health and job satisfaction have a positive and significant effect on the performance of employees of PT Bahari International Mandiri Medan.
Bayesian Coalition Negotiation Game as a Utility for Secure Energy Management in a Vehicles-to-Grid Environment

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In recent times, Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) have emerged as a new alternative to increase the efficiency of smart grids (SGs) in a vehicles-to-grid (V2G) environment. The V2G environment provides a bidirectional power and information flow, so that users can have an optimized usage as per their requirements. However, uncontrolled and unmanaged power distribution may lead to an overall performance degradation in V2G environment. One reason for this uncontrolled and unmanaged flow may be due to the usage of power by unauthorized users. To address this issue, we propose a Bayesian Coalition Negotiation Game (BCNG) as a utility for secure energy management for PEVs in the V2G environment. We have used a BCNG along with Learning Automata (LA), wherein LA are stationed on PEVs and are assumed as the players in the game. To provide an approach based on resilience for any misuse of electricity consumption, a new Secure Payoff Function (SPF) is proposed. The players take actions and update their action probability vector using the SPF. A Nash Equilibrium (NE) is also achieved in the game using convergence theory. Our proposal is evaluated with various metrics. The proposed scheme also provides mutual authentication and resilience against various attacks during power distribution.
Defluorinative functionalization of perfluoroalkyl alkenes with ureas: synthesis of C4-perfluoroalkenyl 2-imidazolones

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A defluorinative 1,2,3,4-tetrafunctionalization of perfluoroalkyl alkenes with readily available ureas via multi-bond interconversion at four carbon sites has been developed for the synthesis of perfluoroalkenyl 2-imidazolones.