jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
GENETIC EVOLUTION AND PROGNOSTIC DETERMINANTS OF PANCREATIC CANCER ON LONGITUDINAL LIQUID BIOPSIES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has one of the lowest 5-year survival rates amongst solid tumors. As early detection of PDAC is unusual and typically incidental, most patients present with locally advanced and metastatic disease where effective therapeutic strategies remain a significant unmet need. Specifically, surrogate biomarkers for tumor monitoring of PDAC may lead to improved elucidation of clinical actionability and prognostic potential. On the other hand, tumor tissue is rarely sampled in patients presenting with de novo or recurrent metastatic PDAC, apart from a fine needle aspiration or a core needle biopsy performed for diagnosis. This precludes the opportunity for elucidating molecular underpinnings of cancer recurrence, chemoresistance, and therapeutic decision-making in advanced disease patients over the course of their therapy. For this reason, we aim to use so called “liquid biopsies” in the form of circulating nucleic acids and exosomes as a strategy that is amenable to longitudinal, relatively non-invasive sampling. Circulating tumor DNA and circulating exosomes contain genetic cargo representative of the neoplastic cells from which they are released and can serve as a reliable surrogate of the patient’s tumor DNA, enabling a new way of interrogating cancers. We demonstrate that serial quantitative measurements of these tumor nucleic acid sources in circulation can provide clinically relevant predictive and prognostic information in pancreatic cancer patients, including anticipation of impending disease progression and putative mechanisms of resistance to ongoing therapy. We also describe our ability to specifically capture tumor material in circulation following a comprehensive characterization of the pancreatic cancer exosomal “surfaceome”. By leveraging an immune-capture approach paired with ultrasensitive molecular barcoding techniques, we are able to increase our sensitivity of detection of rare molecules in circulation that are derived from the tumor. Ultimately, this has implications for stratification of patients into therapeutic “buckets” through a personalized approach that may lead to greater survival benefits in PDAC.
Overcoming Stereotypes Through the Other Women’s Communicative Daily Life Stories

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Communicative daily life stories (CDLS) conducted with Other women (without academic background) from migrant or ethnic minority descent are contributing to dismantle existing sexist and racist stereotypes and prevent gender violence. In this article, drawing from a research focused on the effects of nonacademic mothers on learning activities, it is shown how these women’s stories on their own participation make them reflect on the intersection of discrimination and the ways in which they are active agents that are already contributing to dismantling them. Through the use of CDLS, under the communicative approach, the present article contributes to the ongoing debate about the implications of the intersectionality at the research methodological level.
Development of an Automatic Ground Collision Avoidance System for a General Aviation Aircraft

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This contribution presents the design of an Auto-GCAS algorithm for fixed-wing General Aviation aircraft. The design is implemented for a Diamond Aircraft DA-42NG Twin Star twin-engine piston aircraft along with its integration in a simulation environment. The algorithm has been adapted to account for the technical and operational differences between classes of aircraft. The overall functional architecture comprising trajectory prediction, scan area definition, terrain database query, activation/deactivation logic, and an inner loop autopilot is shared with previous designs. The avoidance maneuvers are re-designed to ensure maximum climb performance by trading airspeed for altitude. The freely available ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model is used as the terrain database. The integration in a Flight Training Device allows for both automated and manual piloted testing and verification of the algorithm.
A Meta-Modeling Approach for Extending the Instructional Design Semantics of Learning Management Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays Learning Management Systems (LMS) are not restricted to distant learning. Nevertheless, the pedagogical expressiveness of courses designed by teachers is strongly dependent on their knowledge and level of expertise on the LMS they use. The GraphiT project aims to help teachers design pedagogically sound and technically executable learning designs. To this end, we propose to support teachers by providing them with an LMS-specific Visual Instructional Design Language, according to a Domain Specific Modeling approach and tooling. This paper focuses on the abstract syntax of such language. We propose a specific LMS-centered approach for raising the pedagogical expressiveness of their implicit learning design semantics. We discussed how the LMS low-level parameterisations could be abstracted in order to build higher-level building blocks. Based on the Moodle LMS, we present and verify our meta-modeling approach by formalising the abstract syntax of a Moodle-dedicated instructional design language.
Repeated Presentation Experiments and the Function of the Vertical Lobe in Octopus

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT When presented with a small object that it has not previously encountered, an octopus passes the object to its mouth and attempts to eat it. Inedible objects are rejected after a period of minutes, and when the same object is repeatedly presented at short intervals, the animal rapidly learns to examine and reject it without passing it to the mouth. That the animal is learning to recognize a particular object and not merely becoming fatigued or generally less reactive can be demonstrated by changing the object; a new object is almost always taken, even if the animal has not taken the original for many trials. After a break in training of the order of hours, the animal may accept the same object when it is presented again, but relearns not to take it in fewer trials than in the original training. The performance of two animals tested after removal of the optic lobes was in all respects comparable to that of three controls (two unoperated and one with the optic nerves cut). Six animals with the vertical lobe of the brain removed were also tested. The performance of these animals differed from that of five controls in two respects: they took six times as long to examine and reject the objects in the first trial, and they showed relatively poor retention following breaks in training. The first of these differences is particularly important because it shows that removal of the vertical lobe has effects other than increasing the rate of fading of memories between trials. The significance of this in the interpretation of the function of the vertical lobe from discrimination experiments is discussed.
SPECTROSCOPIC REMOTE-SENSING OF MOLECULAR CONSTITUENTS IN THE ATMOSPHERE BY LASER-RADAR TECHNIQUES BASED ON OPTICAL SCATTERING PHENOMENA

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

$^{1}$H. Inaba and T. Kobayasi, Nature, 224, 170, (1969). $^{2}$T. Kobayasi and H. Inaba, Appl. Phys. Letters, 17, 139, (1970). $^{3}$H. Inaba and T. Kobayasi. Invited paper to the Sixth International Quantum Electronics Conference, Kyoto, Japan, September 1970. $^{4}$T. Kobayasi and H. Inaba. Proceedings of IEEE., 58, 1568, (1970).""
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children: past, present and future

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The cure rate of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children dramatically improved over past 5 decades from zero to about 80%. The main cause of improvement is owing to the development of chemotherapy by multicenter clinical trial of large study groups with the understanding of leukemia biology. Recently, pediatric ALL protocols were applied to the treatment of adolescent and even adult ALL patients. For nearly 30 years, clinical factors have been used to risk-stratify therapy for children with ALL, so that the most intensive therapies are reserved for those patients at the highest risk of relapse. The risk groups of ALL are divided as standard- (low- plus intermediate-), high- and very high-risk group according to the prognostic factors, and treatment results improved by this risk based treatment. The factors used to risk-stratify therapy include age, gender, presenting leukocyte count, immunophenotype, cytogenetic aberrations including ploidy and translocations, and initial re-sponse after 1 to 2 weeks of therapy. But treatment efficacy is the most important determinant and
Measuring “Where”: A Comparative Analysis of Methods Measuring Spatial Perception

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The literature offers various methods for measuring sound localization. In this study, we aimed to compare these methods to determine their effectiveness in addressing different research questions by examining the effect sizes obtained from each measure. Data from 150 participants who identified the location of a sound source were analyzed to explore the effects of speaker angle, stimuli, HPD type, and condition (with/without HPD) on sound localization, using six methods for analysis: mean absolute deviation (MAD), root-mean-squared error (RMSE), very large errors (VLE), percentage of errors larger than the average error observed in a group of participants (pMean), percentage of errors larger than half the distance between two consecutive loudspeakers (pHalf), and mirror image reversal errors (MIRE). Results indicated that the MIRE measure was the most sensitive to the effects of speaker angle and HPD type, while the VLE measure was most sensitive to the effect of stimuli type. The condition variable provided the largest effect sizes, with no difference observed between measures. The data suggest that when effect sizes are substantial, all methods are adequate. However, for cases where the effect size is expected to be small, methods that yield larger effect sizes should be considered, considering their alignment with the research question.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumour lacking mutations in the KIT and PDGFRA genes in a cat

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Molecular subtyping in gastrointestinal stromal tumours is a useful method for predicting the efficacy of treatment using tyrosine kinase inhibitors in humans. However, owing to the paucity of reports on mutational analyses, the association between genetic mutations and the therapeutic response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors remains unclear in feline gastrointestinal stromal tumours. In this report, we describe the case of a cat with a gastrointestinal stromal tumour which was unresponsive to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. A mutational analysis revealed that the cat lacked mutations in both the KIT and platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐alpha ( PDGFRA ) genes. Our findings are consistent with the fact that KIT/PDGFRA wild‐type gastrointestinal stromal tumours are less responsive to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in humans. This signifies the need for further evaluation and possibly individualised treatment for gastrointestinal stromal tumours in cats on the basis of mutational analyses.
[Free autodermoplasty in restorative microsurgery].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Use of the method of free autodermoplasty in the donor and recipient areas of free microsurgical revascularized autotransplants was analyzed in 172 patients. In the donor area the free autoderma was used for complete and partial closure of the wound defects appearing after taking large skin autotransplants of complex composition without tension. In the recipient area the free autoderma was used for the complete covering of microsurgical autotransplants, their partial covering and partial closure of the recipient area itself along the margin of the transplanted revascularized microsurgical autotransplant. The results obtained concerning its grafting (82.6%) suggest that free autodermoplasty is a highly actual method in the restorative microsurgery.
Summary on the

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The ability of the cohesive-adhesive balance approach to atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the measurement of Hansen partial solubility parameters by inverse gas chromatography (IGC) to predict the performance of carrier-based dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulations was compared. Comparison of the AFM and IGC results suggested a weak relationship between these two sets of data. Comparison of the AFM and IGC data with the in vitro fine particle delivery of appropriate DPI formulations revealed a previously observed pattern for the AFM measurements. However, no consistent relationship between formulation performance and the IGC data was observed. Therefore, given the weight of data available in the literature, the measurement of cohesive-adhesive balances by AFM is the more appropriate technique for the prediction of DPI performance.
Regulation of Translation, Translocation, and Degradation of Proteins at the Membrane of the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of mammalian cells is the central organelle for the maturation and folding of transmembrane proteins and for proteins destined to be secreted into the extracellular space. The proper folding of target proteins is achieved and supervised by a complex endogenous chaperone machinery. BiP, a member of the Hsp70 protein family, is the central chaperone in the ER. The chaperoning activity of BiP is assisted by ER-resident DnaJ (ERdj) proteins due to their ability to stimulate the low, intrinsic ATPase activity of BiP. Besides their co-chaperoning activity, ERdj proteins also regulate and tightly control the translation, translocation, and degradation of proteins. Disturbances in the luminal homeostasis result in the accumulation of unfolded proteins, thereby eliciting a stress response, the so-called unfolded protein response (UPR). Accumulated proteins are either deleterious due to the functional loss of the respective protein and/or due to their deposition as intra- or extracellular protein aggregates. A variety of metabolic diseases are known to date, which are associated with the dysfunction of components of the chaperone machinery. In this review, we will delineate the impact of ERdj proteins in controlling protein synthesis and translocation under physiological and under stress conditions. A second aspect of this review is dedicated to the role of ERdj proteins in the ER-associated degradation pathway, by which unfolded or misfolded proteins are discharged from the ER. We will refer to some of the most prominent diseases known to be based on the dysfunction of ERdj proteins.
Dairy Cattle Housing in Lancashire, Seventeenth to Twenty-First Centuries

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The modernisation and adaptation of dairy cattle housing over 400 years is explored, focusing on the historic county of Lancashire. A distinctive regional building type was continuously upgraded in response to structural changes in dairying and to new business opportunities resulting from industrialisation and improved transport links. Higher standards of animal husbandry and further upgrading were required from the mid-nineteenth century to conform to a succession of national public health regulations. Medical Officers of Health were aware of potential infection risks, both from cattle and from workers in the dairy trade, which they were determined to minimise. Traditional buildings were modified to conform to legislation by providing more spacious housing, with improved cleanliness, light and ventilation. In the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries the adapted buildings were finally outmoded by further pressures, both local and national, bringing about the end of the vernacular tradition.
Role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) can be a devastating complication for as many as a third of patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT). A role for myeloid cells in the amplification of GVHD has been demonstrated; however, less is understood about a potential regulatory role that myeloid cells play or whether such cells may be manipulated and applied therapeutically. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a naturally occurring immune regulatory population that are engaged and expand shortly after many forms of immune distress, including cancer, trauma, and infection. As MDSCs are often associated with chronic disease, inflammation, and even the promotion of tumor growth (regarding angiogenesis/metastasis), they can appear to be predictors of poor outcomes and therefore, vilified; yet, this association doesn't match with their perceived function of suppressing inflammation. Here, we explore the role of MDSC in GVHD in an attempt to investigate potential synergies that may be promoted, leading to better patient outcomes after allo-HCT.
Programmable Automation and the Locus of Decision-Making Power

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Computer-based technology is often credited with making decentralized decision-making possible, helping firms to respond rapidly to changing market conditions. Research on this subject, however, shows contradictory effects: some studies support decentralization and others support centralization. This longitudinal study examines how one form of computer-based technology, programmable automation (PA), affects centralization. Unlike previous studies, it attempts to clear up some of the confusion surrounding technology’s effect on centralization by distinguishing between strategic and operating decisions, and between decision-making authority and influence. As expected, PA flattened the hierarchy. It had no effect on strategic decision-making power, but surprisingly, did influence centralized line-operating authority and influence. This finding is particularly striking because firms with decentralized line-operating decision-making are more likely to adopt PA.
The transfer of disruptive technologies: Lessions learned from Sandia National Laboratories

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Sandia National Laboratories has learned through their process of technology transfer that not all high tech transfers are alike. They are not alike by the nature of the customers involved, the process of becoming involved with these customers and finally and most importantly the very nature of the technology itself. Here they focus on technology transfer in the microsystems arena and specifically the sacrificial surface version of microsystems. They have learned and helped others learn that many MEMS applications are best realized through the use of surface micromachining (SMM). This is because SMM builds on the substantial integrated circuit industry. In this paper they review Sandia's process for transferring a disruptive MEMS technology in numerous cases.
Escape movements Escape movements

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Giant interneurons in most animals have axons with large diameters so that their spikes can be conducted rapidly from one part of the nervous system to another. The largest neurons are therefore often involved in causing escape movements, either as motor neurons, as in squid, or as spinal interneurons, as in fish. In the locust, few neurons qualify to be called giants by virtue of their size. In crickets and cockroaches, however, a small group of neurons have large diameter axons in the abdominal connectives. These axons belong to interneurons with cell bodies in the terminal abdominal ganglion and may project to all ganglia in the body as far anterior as the brain.
[Study of the impact of breeding sites on the infectivity of P. falciparum gametocytes to An. gambiae s.l in malaria-endemic area of Nanguilabougou.-Mali].

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Numerous studies have shown the influence of some bacteria colonizing the breeding sites on the development of the parasite in Anopheles malaria vectors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the breeding sites of Plasmodium falciparum on the gametocytes infectivity of Anopheles gambiae sl using the membrane feeding method. We carried out an experimental infestation study from September 2010 to January 2011 in a village located in the southern savanna of Mali. Cross sectional surveys were conducted to collect larvae and to select gametocyte carriers. Female offspring of L3 and L4 stage larvae were used for the experimental infestation. The gametocyte carriers were children aged within 4 to 12 years. Bacteria identified in breeding water of larvae and adult mosquitoes were: Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp, Klebsiella oxytoca, Pseudomonas spp, Staphylococcus spp, Shigella sp. The oocyst load of infected mosquitoes did not significantly vary according to the samples (F = 1.517, P = 0.230). Low infection rates (5.4% and 2.8%) were observed in the larval bedding and in mosquitoes containing K. oxytoca and Shigella. The blood feeding rates (62.4%; 60.9%; 67.7%) and mortality (66.4%; 64.9%; 61.9%) of An. gambiae did not significantly vary depending on the breeding sites [(P = 0.15); (P = 0.22)].
Developing a critical influential factors Model (CIFsM) for Agile Management Principles in UAE Construction Projects

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The construction industry plays a crucial role in the global economy, with significant annual expenses and a substantial contribution to the GDP of the UAE. This has led to a surge in building projects, fostering rapid expansion among construction companies. However, challenges have emerged that hinder this growth, including high interest rates and intensified competition among building firms. Additionally, there are many issues impede project timelines and escalate dedicated costs. Many of these challenges can be addressed by addressing inefficiencies within internal processes of companies. Agile construction, a method or approach that facilitates swift adaptation to changes in delivery or design, has the potential to alleviate these challenges. By reducing the time between problem identification and solution implementation, agile construction can enhance project efficiency. This study aims to propose Critical Influential Factors Model (CIFsM) for Agile Management Principles to enhance the performance of construction projects in the UAE. The proposed model covers five critical influential factor groups: organizational, challenges, human resources, technical, and construction industry project performance in the UAE. The research recommends implementing the model empirically using a quantitative approach to enhance integration among construction parties and alleviate concerns about low project performance levels. Developing the CIFsM based on agile management principles offers a promising avenue to enhance construction project performance in the UAE by addressing critical influential factors and adopting an empirical quantitative approach, leading to improved project integration and reduced concerns about low performance levels.