jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Vermicompost tea : effects on pak choi (brassica rapa cv. bonsai, chinensis group) growth and yield, phytonutrient content and soil biological properties

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Vermicompost tea, an aqueous extract of vermicompost has been reported to improve plant health, yield and nutritional quality. Most of the previous research on compost tea has investigated the potential of compost tea for control of plant disease. Very limited data exists on the use of vermicompost tea for improving the yield and nutritional quality of vegetable crops and altering soil biological properties. Therefore, laboratory, greenhouse and field experiments were conducted in order to identify and describe: 1) the effects of vermicompost tea extraction methods [(i) non-aerated (NCT), (ii) aerated (ACT), and (iii) aerated with additives (ACTME)], fertilizer types (Osmocote and vermicompost), and three growth media (Oxisol, Mollisol and a peat-perlite medium) on yield and nutritional quality of pak choi (Brassica rapa, Chinensis) as well as soil biochemical properties; 2) the effects of the ratio of vermicompost to water and different fertilizers on yield and nutritional quality of pak choi as well as soil biological properties; 3) the effect of compost quality on biochemical properties of compost tea; and 4) mechanisms involved in the effects of compost tea on plant growth. The results showed that applications of vermicompost tea, regardless of extraction method, increased plant yield, mineral nutrients and phytonutrient content of pak choi. The microbial activities of two soils and a peat-perlite medium were also increased. This effect was most prominent under organic fertilization. These findings suggest that vermicompost tea serves both as a supplemental source of plant nutrients and an enhancer of soil biological properties. Similarly, application of vermicompost tea with compost to water ratios of 1:10-1:100 (v:v) increased yield, total carotenoids, total glucosinolates and N content of pak choi; and microbial activities in soil. The responses of these parameters to vermicompost to water ratio was positive and linear. The results also indicated that biochemical properties of compost determined biochemical properties of compost tea, and variability in quality of tea explained differences in the magnitude of effect of compost tea on plant growth and tissue mineral nutrient. The positive effect of vermicompost tea or compost tea on plant growth was largely associated with N (NO3-) and gibberellin (GA4) present in the tea and nutrient uptake by plants.
Intra‐Ethnic Differences in Chronic Pain and the Associated Factors: An Exploratory, Comparative Design

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose To describe and compare the levels of pain severity and pain interference, pain catastrophizing, and associated factors between elderly Koreans living in South Korea and Korean Americans living in the United States with chronic pain. Methods An exploratory, comparative design was used for this study. A total of 270 individuals (138 Koreans living in South Korea and 132 Korean Americans living in the United States), aged more than 65 years, with self‐reported chronic pain, and defined as at least 3 months of persistent musculoskeletal pain, is included. Outcome variables were pain severity, pain interference, and pain catastrophizing. Multivariate linear regression was conducted to examine factors associated with the outcome variables. Results In multivariate analysis, Korean Americans had higher levels of pain severity and pain catastrophizing than Koreans. Depressive symptoms, sleep quality, and health‐related quality of life were significant factors for pain severity, pain interference, and pain catastrophizing for both groups. Among those factors, health‐related quality of life was the most significant factor for predicting pain severity and pain interference, whereas depressive symptoms were the most significant factor for predicting pain catastrophizing for both groups. Conclusions Intra‐ethnic differences in pain severity and pain catastrophizing were found between elderly Koreans living in South Korea and Korean Americans living in the United States. Clinical Relevance Because unfamiliar sociocultural and environmental factors may influence the pain responses, cultural differences and language barriers should be taken into account in pain research and management strategies for Asian immigrants in the United States. Psychological factors, including depressive symptoms, sleep quality, and health‐related quality of life, should also be considered in chronic pain management for both elderly Koreans and Korean Americans.
ABC: back to basics with anaesthetic breathing components

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Recent reports of anaesthetic accidents attributed to obstruction of breathing components have re-emphasised the need for constant vigilance in checking anaesthetic apparatus. A recent adverse incident occurred on our intensive care unit involving a heat and moisture exchanger filter (HMEF) through which it became virtually impossible to ventilate the patient. The patient, admitted earlier that day with acute severe asthma, suddenly developed high airway pressures, desaturated and auscultation of the chest revealed little air entry. The inspired oxygen concentration was increased to 100%, and the patient was hand ventilated using a Waters' circuit with the HMEF remaining in situ. Although this restored the saturation to 94%, the patient's lungs remained difficult to ventilate manually. A chest radiograph excluded pneumothorax, and subsequent removal of the HMEF resolved the situation. Later on testing, a high resistance was encountered when blowing through the HMEF. Fortunately, the patient has suffered no subsequent adverse sequelae related to this incident. Following this event, a search on the Food and Drug Administration website␣for similar product problems was undertaken. It revealed 10 reports of obstructed ventilation due to HMEFs or breathing circuit filters in the last two years, seven of which had life-threatening sequelae. Three of the episodes involved intensive care patients and five involved patients undergoing routine anaesthesia (the remaining two were unspecified). One patient suffered a pneumothorax and two had cardiac arrests. It was also noted that, on one occasion, the anaesthetist defaulted to the ‘anaphylaxis drill’ in the event, and in another, the problem was thought initially to be due to patient anatomy, thus subsequent measures were taken to correct this, inevitably in vain. These reported incidents are most certainly a very small percentage of the total event-free usage of such components. However, the anaesthetic practitioner cannot ignore the potential of such life-threatening adverse sequelae. Whether obstruction of breathing components occurs as an act of criminal sabotage, product failure or accidental errors, the␣anaesthetist should always ensure a thorough check of all anaesthetic breathing components before they are used and retain a high level of suspicion␣of faulty apparatus when a patient␣suddenly becomes difficult to ventilate.
Haemostatic effects in vivo after snakebite by the red-necked keelback (Rhabdophis subminiatus)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We describe a patient who developed a severe coagulopathy after being bitten by a red-necked keelback snake (Rhabdophis subminiatus), a species which is generally considered non-venomous. The patient's blood was incoagulable due to complete depletion of fibrinogen. Comprehensive coagulation studies were performed to identify the mechanism(s) by which the snake toxin caused the coagulopathy. It was found to contain a potent prothrombin activator, probably an activator of protein C and possibly also a factor X activating enzyme. The fibrinolysis was secondary to intravascular fibrin formation; there were no indications for a direct fibrinogenolytic activity in the snake toxin. Remarkably, there was virtually no consumption of antithrombin III, despite extensive thrombin formation; this feature appears to be not uncommon after snake bites, but is still unexplained.
Hexamethylphosphoramide-Assisted\nStructure and Morphology\nRegulation of a PbI<sub>2</sub> Film for Air-Processed Efficient Perovskite\nSolar Cells via a Two-Step Deposition Method

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The two-step deposited method with the advantages of\nhigh reproducibility\nand controllability is widely used in fabricating highly efficient\nperovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, it is still a challenge to\nfabricate air-processed PSCs through this method due to the existing\ntechniques with glove box circumstance that are not well extended\nto the ambient air-condition fabrication process. Here, hexamethylphosphoramide\n(HMPA) used as a solvent additive is incorporated into the first-step\nPbI<sub>2</sub> precursor solution, which can effectively modify the\nmorphology and crystallinity of the PbI<sub>2</sub> layer, thereby\ncreating more opportunities for the infiltration of the second-step\norganic salt. This two-step coating leads to the full conversion from\nPbI<sub>2</sub> to the perovskite crystal and large grains, reduced\ndefects, and enhanced uniformity for the final perovskite film. Consequently,\na champion efficiency of 20.84% of the HMPA-based device fabricated\nusing this procedure is achieved. The HMPA-based device shows long-term\nstability of the remaining 85.7% of the initial efficiency after 1000\nh of storage in an ambient air environment. This method demonstrates\nthe great potential toward air-processed efficient PSCs.
Effect of age of harvest, variety and month of planting on cane and sugar yield

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The results of the six experimental trials conducted at The Karnataka Institute of Applied Agricultural Research, Sameerwadi (Karnataka) on effect of age of harvest, variety and month of planting indicated that increased age of harvest from 10th to 16th month of age improved cane and sugar yields. Among month of planting January followed by February planted cane produced highest cane yield (94.41 and 91.55 MT/ha respectively) as well as sugar yield (13.2 and 12.92 MT/ha respectively). CoC 92061. Co 86032, CoM 88121 and CoC 671 recorded higher cane yield (90.93, 88.81, 88.46 and 88.43 MT/ha respectively) however, sugar yield was highest in CoC 92061 (13.04 MT/ha) followed by CoC 671 (12.12 MT/ha) and Co 86032 (11.93 MT/ha) compared to Co 87044, Co 8014 and Co 85246.
Lingual Thyroid

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction

Cholecystectomy is one of the most common general surgical operations performed. Despite level one evidence supporting the role of cholecystectomy in the management of specific gallbladder diseases, practice varies between surgeons and hospitals. It is unknown whether these variations account for the differences in surgical outcomes seen in population-level retrospective data sets. This study aims to investigate surgical outcomes following acute, elective and delayed cholecystectomies in a multicentre, contemporary, prospective, population-based cohort.

Methods and analysis

UK and Irish hospitals performing cholecystectomies will be recruited utilising trainee-led research collaboratives. Two months of consecutive, adult patient data will be included. The primary outcome measure of all-cause 30-day readmission rate will be used in this study. Thirty-day complication rates, bile leak rate, common bile duct injury, conversion to open surgery, duration of surgery and length of stay will be measured as secondary outcomes. Prospective data on over 8000 procedures is anticipated. Individual hospitals will be surveyed to determine local policies and service provision. Variations in outcomes will be investigated using regression modelling to adjust for confounders.

Ethics and dissemination

Research ethics approval is not required for this study and has been confirmed by the online National Research Ethics Service (NRES) decision tool. This novel study will investigate how hospital-level surgical provision can affect patient outcomes, using a cross-sectional methodology. The results are essential to inform commissioning groups and implement changes within the National Health Service (NHS). Dissemination of the study protocol is primarily through the trainee-led research collaboratives and the Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons (AUGIS). Individual centres will have access to their own results and the collective results of the study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at relevant surgical conferences.
Effect of Propolis Extract as a Natural Preservative on the Microbial Content of Kareish Cheese

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present study aimed to utilize propolis extract as natural preservative and attractive healthy ingredients on the microbial content of kareish cheese during storage. Effect of two extracts of proplis (ethanolic and water extract) were used at different concentrations on the growth of three bacterial strains, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Bifdobacterium bifidium being used as starter. The affect of these extracts on some spoilage contaminants of dairy microorganisms in milk medium were also studied. The resultant kareish cheeses from different treatments (with ethanol and water propolis extracts) were analyzed for phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, microbiological and sensory properties when fresh and during storage (28 day) at 5±1°C. The counts of Str. thermophilus and Lb. bulgaricus in milk with different concentrations of propolis extracts were significantly higher than those in control. Ethanol extraction of propolis (EEP) and water extraction of propolis (WEP) at 600 and 1000 mg /100ml displayed a bactericidal effect with all of the tested spoilage microorganisms.The addition of propolis extract had a negligible effect on the content of cheese moisture, and slight decrease in total protein of cheese was observed along the storage period. High acidity of kareish cheese observed with increasing the concentration of added propolis extracts. Addition of different concentrations (6 and 10%) of propolis extracts (ethanolic and water) increased of the phenolic compounds, flavonids and antioxidant activity with the increase of propolis extracts. The counts of Lb. bulgaricus and Str. thermophilus in kareish cheese treatments were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher than these in the control. However, counts of mesophilic (MBC) and psychrophilic (PBC), coliform bacteria and moulds & yeasts in kariesh cheese treatments were not detected until 21 days. Kareish cheeses made with water propolis extract (T3 andT4) were of higher sensory evaluation and with the best acceptablility during storage period, compared with cheese made by ethanolic propolis extract (T1 and T2).
Hubungan Komunikasi Terapeutik Bidan Dengan Tingkat Kecemasan Ibu Hamil Trimester Ii Dan Iii Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas L. Sidoharjo

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

One of the events that can trigger anxiety is pregnancy and childbirth. Some developing countries in the world have a high risk of psychological disorders in pregnant women 15.6% and postpartum women 19.8% including Ethiopia, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Uganda and Zimbabwe (WHO, 2020). The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between therapeutic communication of midwives with anxiety of pregnant women TM II and III in the Working Area of Puskesmas L Sidoherjo. this study used an analytical survey with a cross sectional approach. Sampling technique by using accidental sampling with 30 respondents. The result of univariate test analysis that almost most of respondents therapeutic communication of midwife in good category which amounted to 20 people, and some of respondents who experienced anxiety which amounted to 17 people. The results of bivariate analysis there is a relationship between therapeutic communication with anxiety in pregnant women where the p value is 0.000 <0.05. The results of this study will add to the reference, and prove whether or not there is a relationship between therapeutic communication with the anxiety level of pregnant women TM II and III in the working area of Puskesmas L.Sidorejo.
Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Magnetic Properties of the Oxalato-Bridged Mixed-Valence Complexes [FeII(bpm)3]2[FeIII2(ox)5]·8H2O and FeII(bpm)3Na(H2O)2Fe(ox)3·4H2O (bpm = 2,2‘-Bipyrimidine)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The preparation and crystal structures of two oxalato-bridged FeII-FeIII mixed-valence compounds, [FeII(bpm)3]2[FeIII2(ox)5].8H2O (1) and FeII(bpm)3Na(H2O)2FeIII(ox)(3).4H2O (2) (bpm = 2,2'-bipyrimidine; ox = oxalate dianion) are reported here. Complex 1 crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1, with a = 10.998(2) A, b = 13.073(3) A, c = 13.308(3) A, alpha = 101.95(2) degrees, beta = 109.20(2) degrees, gamma = 99.89(2) degrees, and Z = 1. Complex 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P2(1)/c, with a = 12.609(2) A, b = 19.670(5) A, c = 15.843(3) A, beta = 99.46(1) degrees, and Z = 4. The structure of complex 1 consists of centrosymmetric oxalato-bridged dinuclear high-spin iron(III) [Fe2(ox)5]2- anions, tris-chelated low-spin iron(II) [Fe(bpm)3]2+ cations, and lattice water molecules. The iron atoms are hexacoordinated: six oxygen atoms (iron(III)) from two bidentate and one bisbidentate oxalato ligands and six nitrogen atoms (iron(II)) from three bidentate bpm groups. The Fe(III)-O(ox) and Fe(II)-N(bpm) bond distances vary in the ranges 1.967(3)-2.099(3) and 1.967(4)-1.995(3) A, respectively. The iron(III)-iron(III) separation across the bridging oxalato is 5.449(2) A, whereas the shortest intermolecular iron(III)-iron(II) distance is 6.841(2) A. The structure of complex 2 consists of neutral heterotrinuclear Fe(bpm)2Na(H2O)2Fe(ox)3 units and water molecules of crystallization. The tris-chelated low-spin iron(II) ([Fe(bpm)3]2+) and high-spin iron(III) ([Fe(ox)3]3-) entities act as bidentate ligands (through two bpm-nitrogen and two oxalato-oxygen atoms, respectively) toward the univalent sodium cation, yielding the trinuclear (bpm)2Fe(II)-bpm-Na(I)-ox-Fe(III)(ox)2 complex. Two cis-coordinated water molecules complete the distorted octahedral surrounding of the sodium atom. The ranges of the Fe(II)-N(bpm) and Fe(III)-O(ox) bond distances [1.968(6)-1.993(5) and 1.992(6)-2.024(6) A, respectively] compare well with those observed in 1. The Na-N(bpm) bond lengths (2.548(7) and 2.677(7) A) are longer than those of Na-O(ox) (2.514(7) and 2.380(7) A) and Na-O(water) (2.334(15) and 2.356(12) A). The intramolecular Fe(II)...Fe(III) separation is 6.763(2) A, whereas the shortest intermolecular Fe(II)...Fe(II) and Fe(III)...Fe(III) distances are 8.152(2) and 8.992(2) A, respectively. Magnetic susceptibility measurements in the temperature range 2.0-290 K for 1 reveal that the high-spin iron(III) ions are antiferromagnetically coupled (J = -6.6 cm-1, the Hamiltonian being defined as H = -JS1.S2). The magnitude of the antiferromagnetic coupling through the bridging oxalato in the magneto-structurally characterized family of formula [M2(ox)5](2m-10)+ (M = Fe(III) (1), Cr(III), and Ni(II)) is analyzed and discussed by means of a simple orbital model.
Solid-fuel ramjet fuel regression rate/thrust modulation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An experimental investigation was conducted to determine if inlet air swirl and/or secondary gaseous injection could be used effectively for fuel regression rate control or thrust modulation in a solid-fuel ramjet. Inlet swirl characteristics were measured in nonreacting flows. Tests were conducted at high and low air mass fluxes using three fuel compositions with equivalence ratios between 0.5 and 1.8. Swirl introduced downstream of the air inlet was found to be effective for obtaining limited increases in the fuel regression rate, but the magnitude was highly dependent upon motor geometry. Swirl interactions with the reattaching inlet flow and/or significantly increased near-wall mixing were found to be detrimental to efficient combustion. Energetic gaseous fuels (H2, C2H4) can be easily injected and efficiently burned under fuel-lean conditions to significantly enhance thrust.
Designing Behaviors of Robots Based on the Artificial Emotion Expression Method in Human–Robot Interactions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

How to express emotions through motion behaviors of robots (mainly for robotic arms) to achieve human–robot emotion interactions is the focus of this paper. An artificial emotion expression method that accords with human emotion that can deal with external stimuli and has the capability of emotion decision-making was proposed based on the motion behaviors of robot. Firstly, a three-dimensional emotion space was established based on the motion indexes (deviation coefficient, acceleration, and interval time). Then, an artificial emotion model, which was divided into three parts (the detection and processing of external events, the generation and modification of emotion response vectors, and the discretization of emotions) was established in the three-dimensional emotion space. Then emotion patterns (love, excited, happy, anxiety, hate) and emotion intensity were calculated based on the artificial emotion model in human–robot interaction experiments. Finally, the influence of motion behaviors of humanoid robot NAO on the emotion expression of experimenters was studied through human–robot emotion interaction experiments based on the emotion patterns and emotion intensity. The positive emotion patterns (love, excited, happy) and negative emotion patterns (anxiety, hate) of the experimenters were evaluated. The experimental results showed that the personalized emotion responses could be generated autonomously for external stimuli, and the change process of human emotions could be simulated effectively according to the established artificial emotion model. Furthermore, the experimenters could recognize the emotion patterns expressed by the robot according to the motion behaviors of the robot, and whether experimenters were familiar with robots did not influence the recognition of different emotion patterns.
The role of the mineralocorticoid receptor in immune cells in cardiovascular disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chronic low‐grade inflammation and immune cell activation are important mechanisms in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, targeted immunosuppression is a promising novel therapy to reduce cardiovascular risk. In this review, we identify the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) on immune cells as a potential target to modulate inflammation. The MR is present in almost all cells of the cardiovascular system, including immune cells. Activation of the MRs in innate and adaptive immune cells induces inflammation which can contribute to CVD, by inducing endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. Moreover, it accelerates atherosclerotic plaque formation and destabilization and impairs tissue regeneration after ischaemic events. Identifying the molecular targets for these non‐renal actions of the MR provides promising novel cardiovascular drug targets for mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), which are currently mainly applied in hypertension and heart failure. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed issue on Emerging Fields for Therapeutic Targeting of the Aldosterone‐Mineralocorticoid Receptor Signaling Pathway. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.13/issuetoc