jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A review of light, polarization and fluorescence microscopic methods for amyloid.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Traditional technics for amyloid are not always dependable. Therefore, several reactions, which do not require differentiation, were developed in this laboratory. This review describes technics that proved suitable for diagnostic pathology, including polarization and fluorescence microscopy. Effects of fixation on the reactivity of amyloid are also considered. The chemical mechanism of the alkaline Congo red, Mesitol WLS-Congo red and Phorwhite BBU reaction, and of a modified thioflavine T stain are reviewed briefly. Problems encountered with other methods, which cannot be recommended for diagnostic pathology, are outlined.
Intergroup Biases in Multiple Group Systems: The Perception of Ethnic Hierarchies

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Results of social distance research suggest the existence of consensual ethnic hierarchies in social distance in Western societies. The phenomenon comprises an ingroup bias and a pattern of cumulative intergroup biases on which majority and minority groups appear to agree. In this chapter an explanation is sought for this phenomenon. Realistic conflict theory and social identity theory seem to be able to explain certain aspects of it, such as ingroup bias and the ethnic hierarchies of subordinate ethnic groups, but not the ethnic hierarchy of dominant ethnic groups and intergroup consensus. These aspects may be explained by a model about the different functionality of stereotypes for dominant and subordinate ethnic groups. In order to test these explanations, the generality of ingroup bias, the cumulative structure of intergroup bias and the existence of intergroup consensus on the ethnic hierarchy are investigated in different societies.
Chemical composition of Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels aerial part essential oil and its pharmacological applications, neurodegenerative inhibitory, and genotoxic efficiencies

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Callistemon citrinus aerial part essential oil (CCEO) was analyzed for chemical compositions using GC/MS. Pharmacological activities such as neurodegenerative inhibitory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and acetylcholinesterase activities were evaluated using the standard methodologies. Genotoxicity was investigated using Allium cepa assay. GC/MS analysis identified 27 compounds; eucalyptol (55.40%) was the major component. Radical scavenging activity showed IC50 value of 16.71 μg/mL. Protein denaturation assay showed IC50 value of 21.19 μg/mL and 19.53μg/mL in protease inhibitor activity. MIC assay revealed antimicrobial potential of CCEO against microbial strains B. cereus at 2.00 mg/mL, S. typhimurium at 4.50 mg/mL, S. mutans at 2.50 mg/mL, C. albicans at 4.00 mg/mL, and S. cerevisiae at 4.50 mg/mL concentrations. Mitotic index value (MI) of CCEO showed negligible genotoxicity with MI 17.25% close to distilled water 18.22%. Acetylcholinesterase strong inhibitory activity of CCEO was observed from IC50 = 6.335 μg/mL. CCEO could be a cheap and easy source for the extraction of the pure compound eucalyptol and possess various biological activities which increase its pharmacological value as well as its applicability in the field of flavor and fragrance industries. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Eucalyptol is the major component of many pharmaceutical and food/flavor industries. The present investigation provides a new source for the isolation of pure compound eucalyptol in cost-effective way. Additionally, the essential oil could also be used for the pharmaceutical formulation of antioxidant, inflammation inhibitory, and neurodegenerative inhibitory drug preparation under the safety range concentration.
The Superworm, Zophobas morio (Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae): A ‘Sleeping Giant’ in Nutrient Sources

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The aim of this review is to compile up-to-date information on the superworm, Zophobas morio (F.), regarding its biology and ecology, but also its further potential for use as a nutrient source for food and feed. We illustrate certain basic characteristics of the morphology and bio-ecology of this species, which is marginally considered as a ‘pest’ in durable amylaceous commodities. More recent data show that Z. morio can be a valuable nutrient and antimicrobial source that could be utilized further in insect-based feed and food production. The inclusion of this species in aquafeed has provided promising results in a wide range of feeding trials, both in terms of fish development and health. Additional data illustrate its potential for use in poultry, indicating that this species provides comparable results with those of other insect species that are used in feed. Moreover, Z. morio can be a viable waste management agent. This review aims to summarize the available data and underline data gaps for future research, toward the potential of the utilization of Z. morio for human food and animal feed. Based on the data presented, Z. morio appears to be a well-promising insect-based protein source, which potential still remains to be unfold.
Detangling Online Dystopias: Emotional Reflexivity and Cyber-Deviance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter offers a different take on social media by assessing the emerging character of cyberdeviance through the lens of emotional reflexivity. Emotional reflexivity can be defined as the intersubjective interpretation of one’s own and others’ emotions and how they are enacted. The chapter investigates deviant online behaviour from trolling and bullying to misinformation campaigns in order to better understand these new social media landscapes of social interaction. The chapter covers the new emotional dynamics that populate these online spaces as extreme and disorientating practices are normalized. It emphasizes the importance of engaging and developing the literature around cyberdeviance in a manner that identifies netizens as passionate and reflective agents in order to avoid sinking into dystopian depictions of all online deviant behaviour as negative.
The Roles of Education, Skill and Parental Income in Determining Wages

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study attempts to examine how much of the correlation in incomes across generations can be explained by education and skill. I find two different answers to this question depending on how I instrument for years of schooling. Using quarter of birth and proximity to a local college as instruments, I find high returns to schooling, low returns to skill, and most of the intergenerational mobility coefficient explained. However, these instruments are poorly correlated with years of education. Thus, the estimates are imprecise and potentially biased. Furthermore, using family background variables as instruments, I find the opposite results.
Influence of Current Density on the Morphology and Structure of Silver Nanoparticles on Anodized Titanium for Biomedical Implant Applications

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This article focused on investigating the influence of current density on the morphology and structure of silver nanoparticles (n-Ag) electrodeposited on anodized titanium substrates (denoted as TiO 2 /Ti) on the surface. The TiO 2 /Ti substrate served as the cathodic electrode placed in an electrolyte solution containing ionic [Ag(NH 3 ) 2 ] + complex solution. The n-Ag/TiO 2 /Ti samples were synthesized at current densities ranging from 0.2 A/dm 2 to 0.5 A/dm 2 for 20 seconds at room temperature. The study performed morphological and surface composition analysis of n-Ag/TiO 2 /Ti using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques. Additionally, the study assessed the electrochemical properties using the AutoLab system with Nova 2.1 software, based on Tafel curve measurements to compare the corrosion resistance of the samples before and after modification.
Nanomechanical properties of imprinted amorphous NiAl alloys using atomic simulations

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this work, the molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate the mechanical behavior of the imprinted nickel aluminide alloys.These atomic simulations account for the mold size, working temperature, imprinting velocity and the elastic recovery.It has been found that there exists a significant difference of the shear stain distribution in the inhomogeneous plastic deformation around the mold corner, whereas obtained lower elastic recovery values in the imprinting process indicates a higher material formability.Moreover, it has been also shown that the degree of the material softening increases with temperature causing the graduate extension of the strain to the bottom of the material.And, finally, the elastic recovery of the imprinted material decreases as the imprinting velocity is increased.
Michigan Rivers Inventory, Darcy Groundwater Movement Model, Version 2, Michigan Department of Natural Resources Fisheries Division Institute for Fisheries Research, School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Raster Dataset, Published 19991104

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Biological, chemical, and physical attributes of aquatic ecosystems are often strongly influenced by groundwater delivery. However, predictions of groundwater contributions to rivers, lakes, and wetlands at a scale useful to resource managers are generally lacking. With this model, we implement and validate a simple, terrain-based approach for predicting groundwater delivery to streams and other surface water systems using mapped data within a GIS environment. Model output was calculated in units of m day-1 for every 100 m2 grid cell across Lower Michigan.
Human Conscience and “Cosmism” of Islam

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

There can be no basis for ecological responsibility when we commodify the world and monetize our values. The true praxis of ecological responsibility, ethic of sacrifice – that is, "making things sacred". Our ecological responsibility is to treat life as sacred, to regard it as the expression of divine Beauty, and to respond to it out of the compassionate depths of our own primordial nature, which, like its substance, is intrinsically Good. It is by the restoration of our inner beauty that we can recover the outer equilibrium that is the goal of ecological responsibility. It is by discovering what is sacred within our souls that we can discover "the dearest freshness deep down things", and only then can we fulfil the burden of our Trust and restore our harmony with nature. KEYWORDS: Stewardship, unitive vision of beauty, seeing God everywhere, Gaian ecosystem, anthropocentrism, ethic of sacrifice.
The Comparison of Shear Bond Strength of Brackets Adhered to Enamel Pretreated with Three Methods of CO2, Er, Cr:YSGG Lasers with Acid Phosphoric

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Background and Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of CO2 and Er, Cr:YSGG Hydrokinetic lasers on enamel conditioning for bonding of brackets in comparison with acid etching technique.
Subjects and Methods: Ninety intact freshly preserved extracted premolars were chosen and divided into three groups (30 each). Then the teeth in acid etch group were conditioned with acid etching technique with 37% phosphoric acid and in CO2 group were conditioned with setting 3W (pps 150 mj ) using CO2 laser and in laser ErCr YSGG group were conditioned with setting 3W (pps 150 mj) using ErCr YSGG Hidrokiase laser. Then 3M brackets were bonded to teeth by 3M light cure composite in each group. For determination of bonding strength the samples were exposed to cutting force of 1 mm velocity per minute with universal testing machine. Descriptive and t test were used for comparison between groups with P<0.05 level of significance.
Results: The mean values of bonding strengths to MP were as follows: for acid etching technique 11.3, laser CO2 technique 8.8, laser ErCr YSGG Hidrokinetic technique 9.5. The highest value of bonding strength, although statistically insignificant, was in acid etch group.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that use of laser conditioning enamel surface treatment produced less bonding strength in comparison with acid etching, but its difference was not significant. Moreover, the high SD (Variations- standard deviation) seen in both laser groups compared with acid etch group, makes questionable the reliability and predictability of laser-etching method. Further studies on clinical application of laser are still needed.
Pressure from the Pandemic: Pedagogical Dissatisfaction Reveals Faculty Beliefs

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Adapting to remote laboratory instruction as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic put chemistry instructors under a great deal of pressure. This extraordinary context may have forced instructors to make instructional decisions that were inconsistent with their espoused beliefs about teaching and learning chemistry, resulting in a feeling of deep pedagogical dissatisfaction. In this commentary, the author will describe the instructional decisions made relative to a large general chemistry laboratory course, and reflect on the degree of alignment between the instructor's beliefs and practices in two iterations of the course during the pandemic.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzotriazolylmethylaminosilanes: Novel Azomethine Ylide Equivalents.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Probing scaffold size effects on multivalent lectin–glycan binding affinity, thermodynamics and antiviral properties using polyvalent glycan-gold nanoparticles

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Increasing GNP-glycan's scaffold size impacts very differently for their ability to block DC-SIGN- from DC-SIGNR- promoted viral infection: enhancing only the potency in the former, but enhancing both the potency and cooperativity in the latter.
Spatial data visualization as a tool for analytical support of police work

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Development of the information technology during the 80s has significantly improved the way data is collected, stored and processed. As a consequence police function becomes data driven more than ever before. Crime analysis units became the new element in police organizations’ structures worldwide and analytical information became important prerequisite for effective policing. Having in mind that virtually everything police do is related to an address or location, connecting locations with people (offenders, victims, community members) and their activities is becoming a powerful tool (almost a necessity) in understanding and managing communities security problems by law enforcement agencies. For that reason, visualization of spatial data receives a significant place in crime analysis. A number of sophisticated specialized software aiming to help police in conducting effective crime analysis exists, but accessibility of geospatial data sources make it feasible for police to use Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and crime mapping as essential tools. In addition to the visualization of geospatial data, GIS technology provides analytical capacity primarily in analyzing geospatial distribution of crime incidents. Therefore, it can be utilized to discover different factors contributing to crime in order to give timely and relevant information to all levels of police management, help them to make better decisions, target resources and formulate strategies, and enhance police proactive actions against crime. The aim of this chapter is to present some of the GIS technology capabilities in the function of analytical support of police work at all levels of police organization and management. The following cases are discussed in particular: optimization of police resources utilization (resource location based on network analysis), hotspot policing, crime data dissemination through Internet (Internet crime maps), offender targeting through geographic profiling algorithm and Crime Information Warehouse (CIW) Solutions. Lastly, innovative functionalities of predictive analytic solutions are briefly described.
Generalized Thermoelastic Models for Linear Elastic Materials with Micro-Structure Part I: Enhanced Green–Lindsay Model

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this article, we derive constitutive thermoelastic models for linear elastic materials with micro-structure. The elastic behavior is assumed to be consistent with Mindlins' Form II gradient elasticity theory, whereas for the thermal behavior the generalization of Clausius-Duhem inequality, proposed by Green and Laws, is adopted. The resulting model is actually a generalization of the thermoelastic theory of Green and Lindsay for linear elastic materials with micro-structure, taking into account micro-inertia effects, as well. It is demonstrated that classical thermoelasticity models are retrieved from the present general formulation, when some of the model constants are set to zero. Finally, the uniqueness of solution for the general case of anisotropic materials is proved.
A Collaborative Bovine Artificial Insemination Short Course for Students Attending a Caribbean Veterinary School

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Artificial insemination (AI) of cattle is a critical career skill for veterinarians interested in food animal practice. Consequently, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine Student Chapter of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners, Select Sires, and University of Idaho Extension have partnered to offer an intensive 2-day course to provide AI training to students attending the Caribbean veterinary school. This collaborative effort includes a unique cost-sharing arrangement that ensures students attending the geographically remote veterinary school receive the educational opportunity to increase their knowledge and develop the skill of performing AI in cattle.
An evaluation of court-mandated parent education program for divorcing and separating parents

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This empirical evaluation assesses the effectiveness of a court-mandated divorce education program for parents in Clackamas and Multnomah Counties, Oregon. The parent-focused goals of the program are evaluated in this study and include reducing conflict, increasing communication skills, and developing a parenting plan. 331 course participants from 12 classes (6 in each county) were surveyed; half received the questionnaire prior to the class, and half completed the survey immediately after the class. 52 of these participants were randomly selected for a follow-up telephone interview 6-months after the class. Statistical analyses revealed no significant changes after the class regarding attitudes towards the child, the other parent, or the .. self. No behavioral changes were found 6-months after the class with regard to parental conflict or communication skills. However, an increase in frequency of placing the child in the middle of conflict was observed 6-months after the class (F(1 ,25)=-2.48, p< .02). Parental levels of empathy and hostility towards the other parent explained variance in the intensity of parental conflict (F(3, 45) = 102.456, p < .001) and use of communication and conflict resolution skills (F(3, 45) = 492.830, p< .001). Lower levels of conflict and hostility correlated with higher likelihood of developing a parenting plan (r = .3463, p. < .02) and (r = .2978, p. < .05), respectively). Although these results suggest this program does not appear to .effect behavioral or attitudinal changes for the parents, they point to precipitators of desired behavioral outcomes and thereby provide a basis for proposed programmatic changes. Recommendations are provided for further study and revisions for the program.
Fuzzy simplicial sets and their application to geometric data analysis

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this article, we expand upon the concepts introduced by David Spivak about the relationship between the category $\mathbf{UM}$ of uber metric spaces and the category $\mathbf{sFuz}$ of fuzzy simplicial sets. We show that fuzzy simplicial sets can be regarded as natural combinatorial generalizations of metric relations. Furthermore, we take inspiration from UMAP to apply the theory to manifold learning, dimension reduction and data visualization, while refining some of their constructions. We generalize the adjunction between $\mathbf{UM}$ and $\mathbf{sFuz}$, derive an explicit description of colimits in $\mathbf{UM}$, and show that $\mathbf{UM}$ can be embedded into $\mathbf{sFuz}$. Furthermore, we prove analogous results for the category of extended-pseudo metric spaces $\mathbf{EPMet}$. We also provide rigorous definitions of functors that make it possible to recursively merge sets of fuzzy simplicial sets and provide a description of the adjunctions between the category of truncated fuzzy simplicial sets and $\mathbf{sFuz}$, which we relate to persistent homology. Combining those constructions, we can show a surprising connection between the well-known dimension reduction methods UMAP and Isomap and derive an alternative algorithm, which we call IsUMap, that combines some of the strengths of both methods. Additionally, we developed a new embedding method that allows to preserve clusters detected in the original metric space that we construct from the data. The visualization of the optimization process gives the user information, both about the inner-cluster distributions in the original metric space and their inter-cluster relations. We compare our new method with UMAP, Isomap and t-SNE on a series of low- and high-dimensional datasets and provide explanations for observed differences and improvements.
Regulation of Mechanical Properties of Advanced PCM Products with the Aid of Catalysts

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The article considers the problem of the effect of uneven curing caused by the temperature gradient across the thickness of the material on the anisotropy of the strength properties of polymer composite materials. The effect of catalysts on the curing of the epoxy binder EDT-69N, used for the manufacture of multilayer polymer composite materials, was studied. According to dielectric spectrometry, the accelerating effect of the selected compounds on the curing process of the EDT-69N epoxy binder during fiberglass molding has been proved. The possibility of controlling the curing process using catalysts to reduce the influence of the temperature gradient on the anisotropy of the strength properties of the matrix in the manufacture of polymer composite materials is shown.
The Future of Conservatism?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The Case for Conservatism is the first report of the Onward think tank's Commission on The Future of Conservatism. It examines present discontents and offers a set of principles for addressing them. It argues that Conservatives need to shift their ideological position away from the economic liberalism of Margaret Thatcher and the social liberalism of David Cameron and adopt a position which is socially conservative and economically interventionist in order to rebuild a successful electoral coalition and an effective programme for government. They seek to re‐found Conservatism on the pillars of family, community and nation, and the obligations of citizenship rather than the freedom of the individual. They provide a distinctive voice on where Conservatism has gone wrong and how it should change, but they may struggle to become the dominant voice shaping the party's future, because the doctrines of economic liberalism still command strong support.