jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Automated Microscopy (QuAM) Elucidates Growth Factor Specific Signalling in Pain Sensitization

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background: Dorsal root ganglia (DRG)-neurons are commonly characterized immunocytochemically. Cells are mostly grouped by the experimenter's eye as “marker-positive” and “marker-negative” according to their immunofluorescence intensity. Classification criteria remain largely undefined. Overcoming this shortfall, we established a quantitative automated microscopy (QuAM) for a defined and multiparametric analysis of adherent heterogeneous primary neurons on a single cell base. The growth factors NGF, GDNF and EGF activate the MAP-kinase Erk1/2 via receptor tyrosine kinase signalling. NGF and GDNF are established factors in regeneration and sensitization of nociceptive neurons. If also the tissue regenerating growth factor, EGF, influences nociceptors is so far unknown. We asked, if EGF can act on nociceptors, and if QuAM can elucidate differences between NGF, GDNF and EGF induced Erk1/2 activation kinetics. Finally, we evaluated, if the investigation of one signalling component allows prediction of the behavioral response to a reagent not tested on nociceptors such as EGF. Results: We established a software-based neuron identification, described quantitatively DRG-neuron heterogeneity and correlated measured sample sizes and corresponding assay sensitivity. Analysing more than 70,000 individual neurons we defined neuronal subgroups based on differential Erk1/2 activation status in sensory neurons. Baseline activity levels varied strongly already in untreated neurons. NGF and GDNF subgroup responsiveness correlated with their subgroup specificity on IB4(+)- and IB4(−)−neurons, respectively. We confirmed expression of EGF-receptors in all sensory neurons. EGF treatment induced STAT3 translocation into the nucleus. Nevertheless, we could not detect any EGF induced Erk1/2 phosphorylation. Accordingly, intradermal injection of EGF resulted in a fundamentally different outcome than NGF/GDNF. EGF did not induce mechanical hyperalgesia, but blocked PGE 2 -induced sensitization. Conclusions: QuAM is a suitable if not necessary tool to analyze activation of endogenous signalling in heterogeneous cultures. NGF, GDNF and EGF stimulation of DRG-neurons shows differential Erk1/2 activation responses and a corresponding differential behavioral phenotype. Thus, in addition to expression-markers also signalling-activity can be taken for functional subgroup differentiation and as predictor of behavioral outcome. The anti-nociceptive function of EGF is an intriguing result in the context of tissue damage but also for understanding pain resulting from EGF-receptor block during cancer therapy.
Farmers’ decision to participate in agri-environmental measures for the conservation of extensive grasslands in the Haloze region

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Understanding the factors that influence farmers’ decisions to participate in agri-environmental measures (AEMs) is crucial to meeting the environmental goals of agricultural policy. We investigated the factors of farmers’ involvement in AEM aimed at maintaining extensive grassland use by analysing data from a survey of 258 farms and 40 interviews with farmers in the Haloze region. Results show that, in addition to adequate payment, farmers’ attitudes towards grassland conservation and their self-identity are also important factors in increasing their willingness to join AEMs. A production-oriented view of farming prevailed among the interviewed farmers, with grassland conservation being important to them primarily in terms of maintaining a tidy landscape and achieving production and economic goals, while biodiversity conservation was often of negligible importance. The results indicate the educational and extension need in terms of farmers’ understanding of the relationship between agriculture and nature conservation. The latter can be encouraged by strengthening advisory support and the use of locally and practically oriented knowledge transfer approaches, as well as by introducing result-based AEMs.
Cell Inconsistency Classification for Lithium-Ion Battery Packs Considering Internal Short Circuit Fault

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Initial parameter variances between cells in battery packs occur in a manufacturing process. Furthermore, this difference is intensified as the pack is being used, resulting in differences in capacity and the state of charge (SOC) between cells. Cell inconsistencies decrease the energy efficiency, and low-capacity cells in packs can occur an internal short circuit (ISC) fault which causes a thermal runaway in severe cases. However, the ISC may be misdiagnosed as cell inconsistencies and vice versa because the impacts of cell inconsistencies and the ISC are similar in particular charge/discharge. In this paper, a model-based cell inconsistency classification method is proposed. The equivalent circuit model of the fresh cell is used as a reference model, making it possible to save efforts in constructing parameter look-up tables for various degrees of aging. In addition, we use the SOC difference feature that can clearly distinguish the effects of inconsistencies and ISC using the reference SOC calculated by the nominal capacity. The proposed method was verified in simulation for various types and degrees of cell inconsistencies and ISC, and accurately identified inconsistent cells and ISC cells, thereby leading to efficient energy use and early detection of the ISC fault.
Linking Language Skills and Social Competence in Children With Developmental Language Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the association between language skills and social competence in children with developmental language disorder (DLD) and to assess the potential moderators of these associations. Method: The study was reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Studies were identified according to a search strategy carried out in PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Scopus, Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global databases. A total of 15,069 articles were independently double screened in the title and abstract phases, with 250 articles proceeding to a full-text review. Inclusion criteria comprised (a) a sample of children with DLD between the ages of 2 and 12 years, (b) a language measure, (c) a social competence measure, and (d) an appropriate statistic. Exclusion criteria were (a) intervention studies with no baseline data, (b) language measures based on preverbal abilities, (c) samples of children with DLD and other clinical conditions, and (d) studies without useable statistics. Data were extracted from 21 studies that met the eligibility criteria for the meta-analysis. Results: Pooled estimates across 21 studies ( M age = 7.52 years; 64% male) and 6,830 children indicated a significant association between language skills and social competence in children with DLD ( r = .18, 95% confidence interval [.12, .24], p < .001), which was small in magnitude. The effect sizes were stronger in studies that assessed overall language skills than in those that specifically measured receptive or expressive language skills. Conclusions: Findings from this study support a subtle and reliable relationship between language and social competence in children with DLD. The implications and limitations of this study and its future directions are also discussed. Supplemental Material: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24514564
To tame this feral man: Dissociation as an antidote for terror.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The author presents a dream in which she was asked to de-escalate violence by means of working with Osama bin laden and President George Bush. In the process of discussing this dream she considers the repetition of retaliatory cycles, splitting, conflicting views, and the role on fantasy in dealing with trauma. Next there is a discussion about the author's situation during the 9/11 atrocity, with a focus on the experience of teaching trauma to her graduate-level trauma class at New York University. Questions are raised about the long-term effects of the atrocity as well as the transmission of this trauma. Language: en
PTU-096 5 Year Gastrostomy Audit: The Benefits of a Nutrition Nurse Led Service

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction

Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) is usually the preferred method of providing enteral nutrition in those patients whereby oral nutrition is contraindicated or inadequate for more than four to six weeks. Yet it is an invasive procedure and not without complications. The National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death (NCEPOD, 2004) found (19%) of PEG procedures were futile or not indicated at all. Furthermore 30 days PEG related mortality was reported to be between 2% to 26%. It was therefore advised that clinicians need to ensure appropriateness of its usage and that patient selection is paramount. At our trust a Nutrition Nurse Specialist (NNS) assesses all adult patients referred for a gastrostomy. Complex patients are discussed with a Consultant Gastroenterologist or Gastroenterology Registrar. In the absence of the NNS a Gastroenterology Registrar reviews patients.

Methods

Data was collected prospectively, by the NNSs, on both inpatients and outpatients referred for gastrostomy between 1 April 2010 and 1 April 2015. Information recorded included indication for and source of referral, time to procedure, morbidity and 30 day mortality.

Results

Table 1 above shows the numbers of PEG, RIG (Radiologically Inserted Gastrostomy) and jejunostomy insertion, changes and removals.

Morbidity

During this period there were 5 infections at the tube site confirmed by positive culture (0.9%, reduced from 12.5% pre current NNS) 3 leakages resulting in peritonitis (0.5%) 1 bleeding post procedure -anticoagulation not held as per advice (0.2%)

Mortality

Overall 30 day mortality from any cause following gastrostomy was 5.6% (n = 31). 3.8% (n = 21) were in the RIG group and 2% (n = 11) were in the PEG group. 193 (35%) patients were referred for gastrostomy but did not go ahead with the procedure or had it deferred. With the cost of gastrostomy insertion of approximately £2000 (PEG/RIG) this has resulted in a cost saving to the trust of £386,000.

Conclusion

Despite on-going training indication for gastrostomy insertion is still not understood by referring teams. A NNS led service can reduce morbidity, mortality and procedure failure rate. Comparing data to pre current NNS appointment the total number of tube insertions has doubled however deferral rates remain the same. There was a 15% failure rate which has since decreased to 3%. Infection rate reduction, may be linked to the development of an education programme, development of nutrition link nurse role, competencies and policy. Improve knowledge on procedure and complications to reduce the number of inappropriate referrals.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Improving the absorption of a plasmonic absorber using a single layer of graphene at telecommunication wavelengths

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a plasmonic absorber composed of a single layer of graphene over a metal film and separated by a 5 nm thin silica layer has been proposed. The metal film consists of two L-shaped grooves and a ring groove between the silver rods, and surrounding the silver cylindrical ring is a square of silica. The absorption of the proposed structure without the graphene is 0.85, and it is enhanced to 0.98 with a single layer of graphene in the near-infrared region. This absorption enhancement is because of the light and graphene interaction, which is reinforced by the localized surface plasmon resonance in the grooves. Our structure has the ability to control the absorption wavelength by changing the grooves depth and the L-shaped arms length. Also, the effects of the chemical potential and the thicknesses of the graphene and silica layer on the absorption spectrum have been investigated. Furthermore, we have shown that the proposed absorber can be dual-band, if so desired, for optoelectronic components.
High-resolution mapping of the Qfhs.ifa-5A QTL support interval on the short arm of chromosome 5A in wheat, using radiation hybrid mapping

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ährenfusariose (Fusarium head Blight, FHB), welche von verschiedenen Fusarium-Arten verursacht wird, führt zu erheblichen Ertragseinbußen bei Weizen und anderen Getreidearten. Darüber hinaus stellt die Produktion von Mykotoxinen und deren Ansammlung in den Samen ein ernstes Risiko für die Lebensmittelsicherheit dar. Die Züchtung von resistenten Weizensorten ist eine der effektivsten Wege zur Bekämpfung von FHB-Ausbrüchen. In früheren Arbeiten wurde der quantitative Trait-Locus (QTL) Qfhs.ifa-5A beschrieben, welcher sich über das Zentromer von Chromosom 5A erstreckt. Dieser QTL ist verantwortlich für Resistenz gegen den Eintritt von Fusarium in die Pflanze. Der Befall mit Ährenfusariose geschieht während der Blüte, wenn feuchtes und warmes Wetter eine Pilzinfektion unterstützt. Eine genetische Kartierung erwies sich als unzureichend, da diese stark von Rekombinationsereignissen abhängt ist. Rekombination ist jedoch nicht einheitlich entlang des Chromosoms und vor allem stark unterdrückt im Bereich des Zentromers. Radiation Hybrid Mapping (RH Mapping) ist eine rekombinationsunabhängige Kartierungsmethode. RH verwendet ionisierende Gammastrahlung um Doppelstrangbrüche (DBS) in der DNS zu verursachen, die zu chromosomalen Deletionen mit variabler Länge führen. Diese Deletionen sind zufällig und gleichmäßig verteilt und werden zur Kartierung verwendet. Samen der Experimentalline NIL3 (enthält Qfhs.ifa-5A) wurden bestrahlt und durchliefen Selbstungen, um homozygote Deletionen zu erhalten. Das Screening von 91 Deletionslinien mit 104 DNA Markern führte zu 51 informativen Linien. Die resultierende Karte hat eine Länge von 639.4 cR und eine Auflösung von 0.3988 Mbp/cR. Die gleichmäßig und zufällig verteilten Deletionen erlaubten eine 612-fach höhere Karten-Auflösung, im Vergleich zur genetischen Karte. Der Ansatz von RH erwies sich als eine geeignete Methode für die Feinkartierung der Region Qfhs.ifa-5A.
Sensitivity of cultured human osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma cells to retinoic acid.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The ability of retinoic acid (RA) to inhibit the growth of three cell lines (Te85, Hs781, and Hs791) derived from human osteosarcomas and two cell lines (Hs705 and Hs819) derived from human chondrosarcomas was studied in culture. The exposure to 10(-5) M RA resulted, within 4 days, in changes in both cell morphology and cell growth. RA-treated cells appeared flat and spread on the substratum more than untreated cells, their exponential growth rates decreased, and their saturation densities were markedly reduced. All these effects could be reversed by removal of RA from the growth medium. The various cell lines exhibited differential susceptibility to the growth-inhibitory effect of RA. The most sensitive was the Hs705 chondrosarcoma. The proliferation of these cells was inhibited 50% by 10(-9) M RA and was completely blocked by 10(-5) m RA. In contrast, the concentrations of RA required for 50% inhibition of Hs791, Te85, Hs819, and Hs781 were 10(-7), 2 X 10(-7), 2.5 X 10(-7), and 2 X 10(-6) M, respectively. Only the Te85 and the Hs781 osteosarcoma cells and cells derived from a chondrosarcoma biopsy were able to form colonies in a semisolid medium, and this growth was dramatically inhibited by RA. These results demonstrate that RA can suppress in these mesenchymal tumor cells the expression of morphological and growth properties frequently associated with transformed cells.
IDDF2018-ABS-0192 The association between gastric polyps and colorectal neoplasia: a large prospective cross-sectional study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

Today, it is not clarified whether patients with gastric polyps without any alarming symptoms for colorectal neoplasia need colonoscopy screening. The objective of this study is to prospectively determine the association between gastric polyps and colorectal neoplasia.

Methods

A multicenter prospective cross-sectional study was performed from July 2012 to December 2014. We compared patients with and without gastric polyps for the prevalence of colorectal adenomas. The odds ratios (OR) were computed by logistic regression analysis after multivariable adjustments.

Results

Totally 1546 patients were included, with 770 patients in the gastric polyp group and 776 in the age- and sex-matched control group. Patients with gastric polyps had greater odds of having any colorectal adenoma (adjusted OR=2.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.81 to 3.09, p<0.001) and advanced colorectal adenomas (adjusted OR=2.74, 95% CI: 1.76 to 4.28, p<0.001) than those without. The positive association between gastric polyps and colorectal adenomas remained significant in both women (OR=2.34, 95% CI: 1.66 to 3.29, p<0.001) and men (OR=1.87, 95% CI: 1.31 to 2.66, p=0.001). Patients over the age of 40 with gastric polyps had a higher prevalence of colorectal adenomas than those without (40–49 year: OR=1.81, 95% CI=1.02–3.21, p=0.04; 50–59 year: OR=1.88, 95% CI=1.26–2.81, p<0.001; 60–74 year: OR=2.62, 95% CI=1.73–3.98, p<0.001).

Conclusions

The presence of gastric polyps is significantly associated with a higher prevalence of colorectal adenomas, especially advanced colorectal adenomas. Colonoscopy might be considered in patients with gastric polyps, of any gender, and over the age of 40.
Investigation of Apoptotic and Anticancer Effects of 2-substituted Benzothiazoles in Breast Cancer Cell Lines: EGFR Modulation and Mechanistic Insights

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background and Objective: Benzothiazole derivatives, a class of heterocyclic compounds, exhibited diverse biological activities influenced by substituents in the thiazole ring. This study aimed to synthesize these compounds with two functional groups to investigate their potential as anticancer agents, particularly against breast cancer. While previous research demonstrated the efficacy of 2-substituted benzothiazoles against glioma and cervical and pancreatic cancer cells, there is a gap in studies targeting breast cancer. Methods: The synthesized compounds were tested in vitro using MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-10A cell lines, with Doxorubicin as the positive control. Various assays were conducted, including Annexin V/PI, cell cycle analysis, wound healing, and measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential. Protein expression of EGFR and transcription levels of apoptosis-related genes (Bax and Bcl-xL) and cancer progression-related genes (JAK, STAT3, ERK, AKT, mTOR) were analyzed. Additionally, the balance between antioxidants and oxidants was evaluated by measuring TAS and TOS levels. Results: Our findings revealed that benzothiazole compounds significantly inhibited breast cancer cell growth by reducing cell motility, disrupting mitochondrial membrane potential, and inducing cell cycle arrest in the sub-G1 phase. These compounds increased reactive oxygen species accumulation, leading to cell death. Furthermore, they decreased EGFR protein levels, increased Bax gene transcription, and downregulated the expression of genes such as JAK, STAT3, ERK, AKT, and mTOR. Conclusion: In conclusion, benzothiazole derivatives exhibited potent inhibitory effects on breast cancer in vitro by promoting apoptosis, downregulating EGFR activity, and modulating key signaling pathways, including JAK/STAT, ERK/MAPK, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR. These results highlighted the potential of benzothiazole derivatives as novel therapeutic agents for breast cancer treatment.
Imagery agnosia and its phenomenology

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Lack of vivid sensory imagery has recently become an active subject of research, under the name of aphantasia. Extremely vivid imagery, or hyperphantasia, is at the other end of the spectrum of individual differences. While most research has focused on visual imagery in this paper I argue that from a neuropsychological perspective this phenomenon is much more widespread, and should be categorized as imagery sensory agnosia. After over twenty years of learning to play music phenomenology of auditory imagery agnosia is described from the first-person perspective. Reflections on other forms of imagery agnosia and deficits of autobiographical memories are presented and a hypothesis about putative brain processes that can account for such phenomena is discussed. Extreme individual differences in imagery and in autobiographical memory have implications for many fields of study, from consciousness research to education.
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF FASCIOLA GIGANTICA CATHEPSIN-L CYSTEINE PROTEINASE (FgCL3) BASED DIPSTICK ELISA IN NATURALLY ACQUIRED BUBALIAN FASCIOLOSIS

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Buffaloes are the important multipurpose farm animals in the Indian sub-continent, contributing significantly to meat and milk production. The humoral immune responses to Fasciola gigantica cysteine proteinase in experimentally infected buffaloes have been widely studied. However, scarcely any literature is available on serodiagnosis of bubalian fasciolosis using purified cysteine proteinase under field conditions. In the present study, cysteine proteinase dot–ELISA using dipstick (dipstick - ELISA) was developed for the detection of natural F. gigantica infection. Faecal and serum samples were collected randomly from buffaloes (n=100) slaughtered at a local abattoir. Serum samples of buffaloes revealed 54 positive cases in Dipstick–ELISA, out of which only 35 were coprologically positive. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of cysteine proteinase dipstick–ELISA under field conditions were 100% whereas corresponding values for coprological examination were 62%, 100% and 80%, respectively. It was concluded that dipstick– ELISA using cysteine proteinase demonstrated a high prevalence of fasciolosis and could be a feasible diagnostic method for detection of natural F. gigantica infections in buffaloes.
The Role of Entrepreneurship Education in Higher Education Institutions

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Entrepreneurship education affords people with skills that display the characteristics of risk-taking, being involved in making informed decisions, creativity and innovation. Entrepreneurship education can provide teaching approaches to changing problems into business opportunities to assist the university community in addressing graduate employability. In addition, it can provide post-COVID-19 pandemic solutions to their start-ups or existing businesses. The paper explores the role of entrepreneurship education in Higher Education Institutions by discussing the effective and sustainable teaching methods that can be used in entrepreneurship teaching, employing a qualitative thematic review methodology. The entrepreneurship ecosystem can be key when higher education institutions are engaged in the transformation process of offering entrepreneurship education to their community. This paper explores the following themes: entrepreneurial education needs in entrepreneurial institutions, stakeholders involved in the provision of entrepreneurship education, and a sustainable business model as a product of entrepreneurship education. The present paper recommends that universities adopt a participatory approach to teaching and learning entrepreneurship as this can play a crucial role in building their structures to be economically active. Furthermore, it addresses graduate unemployment; provides recovery strategies to reboot businesses in communities, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic; and how to position themselves as entrepreneurial institutions. Keywords: Entrepreneurship education, Sustainability, Transformation, Graduate unemployment