jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Neuropsychological, clinico‐pathologic, neuroimaging, and biomarker profiles of the MGH FTD Unit posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) cohort

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Objective: To present comprehensive data on the MGH FTD Unit PCA cohort. PCA is a neurodegenerative clinical syndrome usually arising from Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) neuropathologic changes (ADNC). While visuoperceptual and spatial problems are typical early presenting symptoms, patients also report problems with spelling, calculation, and word retrieval. Due to significant heterogeneity in the syndrome, further classification of PCA by subtypes based on predominant cognitive impairments (dorsal, ventral, caudal, dominant parietal) has also been proposed. We launched our multidisciplinary MGH PCA program in 2008 to address the special care needs of this population, and to advance our scientific understanding of PCA and its treatment. Methods 39 participants were recruited for research participation based on clinical diagnostic criteria consistent with PCA, including a dominant hemisphere variant (i.e., progressive Gerstmann‐like syndrome minimal visuospatial disturbance). Participants underwent structured review of symptoms and history; systematic neurological exam; comprehensive neuropsychological and speech‐language assessments; multimodal imaging (MRI and/or functional MRI and FDG, amyloid, and tau PET); and CSF analysis. Some patients have come to autopsy. We used the Neuropsychological Assessment Rating (NAR) scale to quantify performance in cognitive domains pertinent to PCA and for subtype classification. Results Of seven individuals for whom we have autopsy‐confirmed neuropathology, five had ADNC; one had lobar atrophy and tau pathology in a cortico‐basal degeneration (CBD) distribution; and one had Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration TDP43 Type A ( GRN mutation). 22 patients had biomarkers consistent with ADNC (17 with elevated PiB PET imaging signal, 5 with AD‐like CSF ). Mean NAR domain scores (impairment level ratings: 0=Normal, .5=questionable/very mild, 1=mild, 2= moderate, 3=severe) revealed relatively normal Attention/Processing Speed (0.2); mildly impaired Executive Function (0.8) and Memory (1.1); questionably/very mildly impaired Language (0.5); and moderately impaired Visuospatial Function (2). Conclusion The MGH PCA program has a robust cohort of patients with a comprehensive data set that includes standardized characterization of the PCA neurocognitive and neurologic profiles, high‐resolution MRI (structural, functional), multimodal PET imaging, CSF biomarkers, and in some cases neuropathology. This data set will allow for detailed examination and improved understanding of this atypical neurodegenerative syndrome. Additional analyses are ongoing, including tau imaging profiles.
Clerget v. Banque Commerciale Pour L'Europe du Nord and Banque du Commerce Extérieur du Vietnam

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

States as International Persons — Recognition — Of States — Nature of — Whether declaratory of effective existence — The law of France 310 Jurisdiction — In general — Territorial — Exemption from and restrictions upon — Foreign States — Democratic Republic of Vietnam — Whether entitled to jurisdictional immunity — Whether entitled to immunity from execution — The law of France
Retraction

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Retraction: “Upregulation of long noncoding RNA TUG1 contributes to the development of laryngocarcinoma by targeting miR‐145‐5p/ROCK1 axis,” by Shenfa Zhuang, Fengxian Liu, Pingping Wu, J Cell Biochem . 2019; 13392‐13402: The above article, published online on 27 March 2019 in Wiley Online Library ( https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jcb.28614 ), has been retracted by agreement between the the journal's Editor in Chief, Prof. Dr. Christian Behl, and Wiley Periodicals LLC. The retraction has been agreed following an investigation based on allegations raised by a third party. Several flaws and inconsistencies between results presented and experimental methods described were found, the editors consider the conclusions of this article to be invalid. The authors collaborated in the investigation initially, but were not available for a final confirmation of the retraction.
Effect of water depth on eight varieties of rice in Obukiyo, Oju lga of Benue state, Nigeria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Water depth has been described as one of the most important environmental factors determining the growth and yield of rice. Different rice varieties respond differently to various water levels. Three (3) naturally existing water levels (5cm, 10cm and 15cm) at Obukyo Oju Local Government Area of Benue State were studied to evaluate their impact on eight varieties of rice (FARO 15, 37, 44, 52, 57, 60, 61 and 62). The data collected showed significant different (P< 0. 05) in plant height, blade area, panicle length and dry seed weight, while the number of leaves and tillers were not significantly affected by the various water levels. Generally, the rice performed better in high water levels (15cm) than the medium (10cm) and low water depth (5cm). FARO 57 (9.86t/ha), FARO 61(9.86t/ha), FARO15 (8.78t/ha) and FARO 52 (8.28t/ha) were significantly higher while FARO 44 (5.24t/ha) the dwarf variety and FARO 37 (5 54t/ha) the lodging and low drought resistance variety yielded very poor in high and medium water levels but encouragingly high in low water depth. FARO 57 (5.75t/ha) and FARO 60 (5.65t/ha) were the lowest in low water levels. FARO 15, 52, 57, 60, 61 and 62 were recommended for high water levels while FARO 15, 52, 57, 60, 61 and 62 were recommended for medium water levels. FARO15, 37, 44, 52, 61 and 62 are recommended for low water level. FARO 15, 52, 61 and 62 had encouraging yield in all water levels and are recommended as such.
Unique entity estimation with application to the Syrian conflict

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Entity resolution identifies and removes duplicate entities in large, noisy databases and has grown in both usage and new developments as a result of increased data availability. Nevertheless, entity resolution has tradeoffs regarding assumptions of the data generation process, error rates, and computational scalability that make it a difficult task for real applications. In this paper, we focus on a related problem of unique entity estimation, which is the task of estimating the unique number of entities and associated standard errors in a data set with duplicate entities. Unique entity estimation shares many fundamental challenges of entity resolution, namely, that the computational cost of all-to-all entity comparisons is intractable for large databases. To circumvent this computational barrier, we propose an efficient (near-linear time) estimation algorithm based on locality sensitive hashing. Our estimator, under realistic assumptions, is unbiased and has provably low variance compared to existing random sampling based approaches. In addition, we empirically show its superiority over the state-of-the-art estimators on three real applications. The motivation for our work is to derive an accurate estimate of the documented, identifiable deaths in the ongoing Syrian conflict. Our methodology, when applied to the Syrian data set, provides an estimate of $191\\text{,}874\\pm 1\\text{,}772$ documented, identifiable deaths, which is very close to the Human Rights Data Analysis Group (HRDAG) estimate of 191,369. Our work provides an example of challenges and efforts involved in solving a real, noisy challenging problem where modeling assumptions may not hold.
Viking Age Coin-Hoards from Ireland and their relevance to Anglo-Saxon Studies

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

There can be little doubt that English numismatists have attached too little importance to coin-hoards from Ireland. Twenty-three such finds which contain Anglo-Saxon coins are listed in Mr J. D. A. Thompson's recent Inventory of British Coin Hoards, A.D. 600-1500, and there are at least eleven further finds which will have to be incorporated in the second edition. It has been claimed that the Irish finds are also of paramount interest for the Anglo-Saxon numismatist, and especially is this true of the 'Northumbrian' series. In 1950 and 1951 some highly successful excavations were conducted by Dr Harnett in respect of certain prehistoric barrows at Fourknocks close to the mearing of Co. Meath and Co. Dublin. In the course of these excavations there was unearthed just below the surface of one of the mounds a small hoard of silver coins of the Viking period.
Fabrication and performance of AIN insulator coatings for application in fusion reactor blankets

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The liquid-metal blanket concept for fusion reactors requires an coating on the first-wall structural material to minimize the magnetohydrodynamic pressure drop that occurs during the flow of liquid metal in a magnetic field. Based on the thermodynamics of interactions betwen the coating and the liquid lithium on one side and the structural V-base alloy on the other side, an AIN coating was selected as a candidate. Detailed investigations were conducted on the fabrication, metallurgical microstructure, compatibility in liquid Li, and electrical characteristics of AIN material obtained from several sources. Lithium compatibility was studied in static systems by exposing AIN-coated specimens to liquid Li for several time periods. Electrical resistance was measured at room temperature on the specimens before and after exposure to liquid Li. The results obtained in this study indicate that AIN is a viable coating from the standpoint of chemical compatibility in Li, electrical insulation, and ease of fabrication; for these reasons, the coating should be examined further for fusion reactor applications.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Altered DNA methylation profile in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

RATIONALE: DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mechanism, which often occurs in response to environmental stimuli and is crucial in regulating gene expression. It is likely that epigenetic alterations contribute to pathogenesis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).OBJECTIVES: To determine the DNA methylation changes in IPF and their effects on gene expression.METHODS: Total DNA methylation and DNA methyltransferase expression were compared in IPF and normal control lung tissues. IPF and normal tissues were subjected to comparative analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation and RNA expression using DNA hybridization to the Illumina HumanMethylation27 BeadChip and RNA hybridization to Illumina HumanHT-12 BeadChip. Functional analyses of differentially expressed and differentially methylated genes were done. Selected genes were validated at DNA, RNA, and protein levels.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: DNA methylation status was altered in IPF. IPF samples demonstrated higher DNA methyltransferase expression without observed alterations in global DNA methylation. Genome-wide differences in DNA methylation status and RNA expression were demonstrated by array hybridization. Among the genes whose DNA methylation status and RNA expression were both significantly altered, 16 genes were hypermethylated in DNA associated with decreased mRNA expression or vice versa. We validated CLDN5, ZNF467, TP53INP1, and DDAH1 genes at the level of DNA methylation status, RNA, and protein-level expression.CONCLUSIONS: Changes in DNA methylation correspond to altered mRNA expression of a number of genes, some with known and others with previously uncharacterized roles in IPF, suggesting that DNA methylation is important in the pathogenesis of IPF. PMID: 22700861 Funding information This work was supported by: PHS HHS, United States Grant ID: AHA09SDG2260095 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01HL067967 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HL082818 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01HL082818 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R03 HL097006 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HL067967 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01HL092906 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HL092906 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R03HL097006 More Less keyboard_arrow_down
Mandatory Enforcement of Geofenced Security in Android

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Android applications are today driving most of the aspects of business. But corresponding threats of information breach through a malware or naive users are also increasing many folds. It becomes extremely difficult for any organisation to allow employees to seamlessly use android based smartphones within office premises while keeping the related threats at bay. Situation is even more difficult for an organisation related to finance, defence, medicine, reasearch etc., where employees handle sensitive and confidential data. Usually, these threats are ignored else employers try to impose various physical restrictions which incur huge costs and inconvenience. In this regard, this paper proposes a novel scheme to enforce constraints on android based smartphones to mitigate above threats. It provides kernel level restriction on existing Android applications from accessing various smartphone resources whenever host device enters a predefined geographical boundary of an enterprise. This is achieved by dynamic security policies in SEAndroid. It utilises Android source from AOSP ported on Google Pixel2 XL device to demonstrate nuances of practicality.
Effect of Farnesol on Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus is among the leading pathogens causing bloodstream infections able to form biofilms on host tissue and indwelling medical devices and to persist and cause disease. Infections caused by S. aureus are becoming more difficult to treat because of increasing resistance to antibiotics. In a biofilm environment particularly, microbes exhibit enhanced resistance to antimicrobial agents. Recently, farnesol was described as a quorum-sensing molecule with possible antimicrobial properties. In this study, the effect of farnesol on methicillin-resistant and -susceptible strains of S. aureus was investigated. With viability assays, biofilm formation assessment, and ethidium bromide uptake testing, farnesol was shown to inhibit biofilm formation and compromise cell membrane integrity. The ability of farnesol to sensitize S. aureus to antimicrobials was assessed by agar disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. For both strains of staphylococci, farnesol was only able to reverse resistance at a high concentration (150 μM). However, it was very successful at enhancing the antimicrobial efficacy of all of the antibiotics to which the strains were somewhat susceptible. Therefore, synergy testing of farnesol and gentamicin was performed with static biofilms exposed to various concentrations of both agents. Plate counts of harvested biofilm cells at 0, 4, and 24 h posttreatment indicated that the combined effect of gentamicin at 2.5 times the MIC and farnesol at 100 μM (22 μg/ml) was able to reduce bacterial populations by more than 2 log units, demonstrating synergy between the two antimicrobial agents. This observed sensitization of resistant strains to antimicrobials and the observed synergistic effect with gentamicin indicate a potential application for farnesol as an adjuvant therapeutic agent for the prevention of biofilm-related infections and promotion of drug resistance reversal.
Supplemental material for Factors influencing infarct growth including collateral status assessed using computed tomography in acute stroke patients with large artery occlusion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplemental Material for Factors influencing infarct growth including collateral status assessed using computed tomography in acute stroke patients with large artery occlusion by Bin Jiang, Robyn L Ball, Patrik Michel, Ying Li, Guangming Zhu, Victoria Ding, Bochao Su, Zack Naqvi, Ashraf Eskandari, Manisha Desai and Max Wintermark in International Journal of Stroke
The Relationship Between Teaching Experiences and Teacher Burnout in China: The Mediating Role of Emotional Labor

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Burnout is a common syndrome among teachers across the globe in the recent two decades. Although teacher burnout may be related to years of teaching experiences and emotional labor (surface acting, deep acting, and expression of naturally felt emotions), there is no consensus on the mechanisms of how teaching experience affects burnout. Thus, the study aims to examine how teaching experience and emotional labor are associated with teacher burnout. By surveying 417 teachers in China, the study finds that teaching burnout is negative associated with teaching experiences and the expression of naturally felt emotions, while positively associated with surface acting. Moreover, a further analysis suggests surface acting and the expression of naturally felt emotions are mediating roles in the relationship between teacher burnout and teaching experiences respectively.
Granular magnetoresistance in cobalt/poly (3-hexylthiophene, 2, 5-diyl) hybrid thin films prepared by a wet chemical method

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Cobalt/poly (3-hexylthiophene, 2, 5-diyl) (P3HT) hybrid thin films were prepared by a wet chemical method. Their microstructure consists of a nanoscale mixture of a crystalline P3HT matrix, interspersed with amorphous P3HT regions containing the cobalt nanoparticles. Magnetic and transport measurements are consistent with this microstructure and the temperature dependence of the resistance of these hybrid systems is well-fitted (R2=0.9993) to the fluctuation induced tunneling model. Moreover, by applying a magnetic field, a magnetoresistance ratio of 3% was observed in 17 vol % Co hybrid films at 10 K.
Adaptive ranking of web pages

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we consider the possibility of altering the PageRank of web pages, from an administrator's point of view, through the modification of the PageRank equation. It is shown that this problem can be solved using the traditional quadratic programming techniques. In addition, it is shown that the number of parameters can be reduced by clustering web pages together through simple clustering techniques. This problem can be formulated and solved using quadratic programming techniques. It is demonstrated experimentally on a relatively large web data set, viz., the WT10G, that it is possible to modify the PageRanks of the web pages through the proposed method using a set of linear constraints. It is also shown that the PageRank of other pages may be affected; and that the quality of the result depends on the clustering technique used. It is shown that our results compared well with those obtained by a HITS based method.
Penalized methods in genome-wide association studies

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Penalized regression methods are becoming increasingly popular in genomewide association studies (GWAS) for identifying genetic markers associated with disease. However, standard penalized methods such as the LASSO do not take into account the possible linkage disequilibrium between adjacent markers. We propose a novel penalized approach for GWAS using a dense set of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The proposed method uses the minimax concave penalty (MCP) for marker selection and incorporates linkage disequilibrium (LD) information by penalizing the difference of the genetic effects at adjacent SNPs with high correlation. A coordinate descent algorithm is derived to implement the proposed method. This algorithm is efficient and stable in dealing with a large number of SNPs. A multi-split method is used to calculate the p-values of the selected SNPs for assessing their significance. We refer to the proposed penalty function as the smoothed minimax concave penalty (SMCP) and the proposed approach as the SMCP method. Performance of the proposed SMCP method and its comparison with a LASSO approach are evaluated through simulation studies, which demonstrate that the proposed method is more accurate in selecting associated SNPs. Its applicability to real data is illustrated using data from a GWAS on rheumatoid arthritis. Based on the idea of SMCP, we propose a new penalized method for group variable selection in GWAS with respect to the correlation between adjacent groups. The proposed method uses the group LASSO for encouraging group sparsity and a
Unveiling the states of polyamines in confined spaces and their impacts on the CO 2 adsorption/diffusion process

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The existing state of macromolecular amines in the confined space and their impacts on the kinetic and thermodynamic performance is the frontier issue in the research field of sorbent‐based CO 2 capture. This work studied the amine state in the confined space and the corresponding effects on CO 2 diffusion. The results demonstrated that amine molecules with different molecular weights exhibited two distinct loading states, namely the “spreading” and “stacking” states. By establishing a diffusion model based on the non‐equilibrium thermodynamics theory (NeTD), it was demonstrated that only when the CO 2 intramolecular diffusion and intrapore diffusion in polyethyleneimine were matched, the overall diffusion resistance would be the lowest. This study provides a pathway to understanding the amine molecules in the molded sorbents, which facilitate the advancement of sorbent‐based CO 2 capture in the scale‐up process and guide the design of molded amine sorbents with low mass transfer resistance and high working capacity.
Study on the Health Benefits of Brown Algae (<i>Sargassum muticum</i>) in Volunteers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A randomized clinical trial enrolling healthy volunteers was carried out to evaluate the effects of S. muticum supplementation. An experiment was conducted to investigate whether intake of S. muticum could exert beneficial effects on human health. Volunteers were asked to consume dried encapsulated S. muticum 4.8 grams daily for 4 weeks. Analysis was made on several parameters including blood lipid profile, stress hormone level, fatigue status, liver functions, and lymphocyte subpopulation level, before and after consumption of the S. muticum capsuls. Fifty-one subjects were able to complete this study. Oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) decreased 14% from the baseline level of 6.0±1.4 μg/mL to 5.1±1.6 μg/mL, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). There was a correlation between decreased ox-LDL levels and increased total antioxidant status (TAS) levels after S. muticum intake. There was a remarkable increase in natural killer (NK) lymphocyte count, but changes in the mean absolute lymphocyte subsets were unremarkable. Healthy subjects showed significant improvement of biomarkers of fatigue and liver functions, such lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). These results suggest that S. muticum may have potential beneficial effects as a healthy food supplement through its antioxidant, hepatoprotective and immunologic functions.