jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Effect Of Medial Opening And Lateral Closing High Tibial Osteotomy On Leg Length

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is a common treatment for medial compartment arthritis of the knee in younger, more active patients. The HTO shifts load away from the degenerative medial compartment and into the lateral compartment. This change can be accomplished with either a lateral closing or a medial opening wedge HTO. An HTO also potentially affects leg length. Mathematical models predict that the osteotomy type (opening versus closing) and the magnitude of the correction determine the change in leg length, but no in vivo studies have been published. The purpose of this study is to quantify and compare leg length change following opening and closing wedge HTO. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study – Level III evidence Methods: Thirty-two medial opening and 32 lateral closing HTO9s were selected from patients treated at our institution between 2006 and 2009. Pre-operative and one-year post-operative full-length lower extremity radiographs were obtained along with operative reports. Pre- and post-operative coronal plane alignment and leg length were measured and surgical details were collected. Results: The 64 osteotomies were performed in 62 patients (43 male, 19 female) at an average age of 57 years. The mean opening wedge was 9.3 mm (range: 5 to 17 mm) and the mean closing wedge was 8.0 mm (range: 6 to 10 mm). Knee alignment changed from a mean of 174 degrees pre-operatively to a mean of 183 degrees post-operatively in both groups. In the medial opening wedge group, total leg length was found to increase from 836.3 ± 63.5 mm pre-operatively to 841.8 ± 64.1 post-operatively, a change of 5.5 ± 4.4 mm (p 2 = 0.21, p = 0.009). In the lateral closing wedge group, total leg length was found to decrease from 840.6 ± 51.5 mm pre-operatively to 837.9 ± 52.0 post-operatively, a decrease of 2.7 ± 4.0 mm (p = 0.0008). No correlation was found between the amount of correction and the change in overall leg length. The difference in mean leg length change between opening and closing wedge osteotomies was 8.2 ± 5.9 mm (p Conclusions: Medial opening wedge HTO can result in significant leg lengthening depending on the degree of opening. Leg length changes associated with lateral closing wedge HTO are generally smaller. Both techniques results in less leg length change than mathematical models predict. Pre-operative leg length discrepancy should be considered when choosing an osteotomy technique.
The Neighborhood Deprivation Index and Provider Geocoding Identify Critical Catchment Areas for Diabetes Outreach

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose In designing a Project ECHO™ type 1 diabetes (T1D) program in Florida and California, the Neighborhood Deprivation Index (NDI) was used in conjunction with geocoding of primary care providers (PCPs) and endocrinologists in each state to concurrently identify areas with low endocrinology provider density and high health risk/poverty areas. The NDI measures many aspects of poverty proven to be critical indicators of health outcomes. Methods The data from the 2013-2017 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year estimates were used to create NDI maps for California and Florida. In addition, geocoding and 30-minute drive-time buffers were performed using publicly available provider directories for PCPs and endocrinologists in both states by Google Geocoding API and the TravelTime Search Application Programming Interface (API). Results Based on these findings, we defined high-need catchment areas as areas with (1) more than a 30-minute drive to the nearest endocrinologist but within a 30-minute drive to the nearest PCP; (2) an NDI in the highest quartile; and (3) a population above the median (5199 for census tracts, and 1394 for census block groups). Out of the 12 181 census tracts and 34 490 census block groups in California and Florida, we identified 57 tracts and 215 block groups meeting these criteria as high-need catchment areas. Conclusion Geospatial analysis provides an important initial methodologic step to effectively focus outreach efforts in diabetes program development. The integration of the NDI with geocoded provider directories enables more cost-effective and targeted interventions to reach the most vulnerable populations living with T1D.
Specification for Poly(glycolide) and Poly(glycolide-co-lactide) Resins for Surgical Implants with Mole Fractions Greater Than or Equal to 70 % Glycolide

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This specification covers the material characteristics of virgin poly(glycolide) and poly(glycolide-co-lactide) resins with mole fractions within the specified range used in surgical implants. This does not cover packaged and sterilized finished implants fabricated from the same materials. Since some characteristics may be altered by processing techniques when used to produces a specific part or device, properties of fabricated forms of the resins should be evaluated independently using appropriate test methods. The identity of the poly(glycolide) homopolymer, poly(glycolide-co-lactide) copolymer, and poly(glycolide-co-lactide) polymer must be confirmed through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).
Physiology Basis for Latex Diagnosis of Hevea brasiliensis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Latex diagnosis,which has been developed since 1980s,is used to determine the metabolism and health mechanisms of rubber tree.Correlation studies of latex minerals content of functioning of the laticiferous system in rubber tree and yield were conducted.The tapping mechanisms application to rubber trees are based on different clones typology.Standard reference at random is used to judge the health of tapped rubber tree for production.Nowadays,latex diagnosis mainly applies to clonal typology and exploitation conditions.
Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and COVID-19 Vaccine Skepticism: A Global Assessment [ID 2683475]

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: The effect of sexual orientation (SO) and gender identity (GI) on pandemic-related behaviors is poorly understood, with conflicting prevention adherence in communities. We sought to delineate how SOGI relates to COVID vaccine skepticism to understand sexual orientation’s effect on COVID risks. METHODS: This analytical cross-sectional study in seven languages examined SOGI and COVID-19 vaccine skepticism in 158 countries. SO was the primary independent variable, with 4,360 people self-identifying as heterosexual, lesbian/gay, bisexual, queer, or another SO. Primary outcome was a summative scale of six four-point Likert-scale questions ascertaining COVID-19 vaccine skepticism (VSS; range: 0–18). Multivariate logistic regression rendered adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% CIs. Our IRB determined that STUDY00004825 met federal/university criteria for exemption. RESULTS: Heterosexual men had the highest mean VSS (mVSS: 7.6; 95% CI, 7.3, 7.9), significantly higher than heterosexual women (mVSS: 6.7; 6.5, 6.9), lesbian women (mVSS: 4.8; 3.2, 6.4), and gay men (mVSS: 4.6; 3.5, 5.7). mVSS for people identifying as bisexual was 5.4 (95% CI, 4.9, 6.1), as queer was 4.5 (3.3, 5.7), and as another SO was 5.8 (4.8, 6.8). Adjusting psychosocial factors, social media use, perceived oppression, science/health care attitudes, geography, and gender, heterosexuals (aOR 2.6; 95% CI, 1.5, 4.5) and bisexuals (aOR 2.9; 1.4, 5.8) were significantly more likely to have VSS over mean than did lesbians/gays. CONCLUSION: Those with lesbian/gay SO were significantly less likely than those of other SOs to be skeptical of the COVID vaccine, even after controlling for important confounders, including gender. Better understanding dynamics in lesbian/gay communities that promote lower vaccine skepticism could help generate novel public health strategies for the LGBTQ+ and other communities.
Outsourcing in Kosovo: An analysis of Kosovo's comparative advantage and the potential for growth

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The main focus of this research project is to explore the implications of outsourcing on the service provider countries, specifically for the case of Kosovo. With the emergence of globalization, international markets are more interconnected than ever. Technology has facilitated businesses with different ways of reducing costs, one of them being outsourcing part of their business processes internationally, also known as offshore outsourcing. While the impact of such strategies on the client countries is controversial, there is almost universal agreement that the impact on provider countries, especially when they are developing countries, is positive. Being a developing country, Kosovo can also benefit from improving its services trade balance, and one way to achieve that is by the expansion and development of its outsourcing sector. Using both primary and secondary data research, this study analyzes Kosovo’s outsourcing sector, the potential for development, and the main challenges faced by startup businesses in this sector. Since there is limited existing data (both qualitative and quantitative) regarding Kosovo’s potential as an outsourcing destination, this study can contribute in filling in some of the gaps. Based on first-hand information from representatives of existing outsourcing companies in Kosovo, as well as examples from literature on other countries, a list of recommendations for the Kosovar government and other stakeholders is provided.
A Corpus-Based Study on the Most Frequently Used English Prepositions: A Conceptual Transfer Perspective

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This corpus-based study aims to examine the frequencies of English preposition usages from the perspective of conceptual transfer. The authors have built up a corpus from third-year English – majored students' Academic writing tasks (HSAC) as their Ending-course assignments from Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry for two consecutive semesters in the academic year 2019 – 2020. This corpus was used as the source of data in analyzing the frequencies of prepositions in their essays. Two hundred and fifty pieces of writing were examined. The concordance output was used to determine the frequency of English preposition usage and types of errors via Sketch Engine Software. The findings showed a negative relationship between prepositional senses and their collocations with certain Vietnamese linguistic features. The study also revealed that negative conceptual transfer was recurrent and systematic. Based upon the findings, a conceptual framework for teaching and learning functional words like prepositions was drawn for language teachers and learners in a foreign language context.
Designing an Integrated Cropping Systems Research Program

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Liberia is short on basic food commodities and a research base on which to build a more productive agriculture. The Central Agricultural Research Institute (CARI) is located in the humid forest zone near Suakoko, Bong County, Liberia, with national responsibility for basic and applied agricultural research. A new initiative will integrate technical research disciplines with extention workers and farmers into an effective cropping systems research (CSR) and outreach effort. The objective is to shift the focus away from disciplines and the experimental stations and to incorporate appropriate component technologies into sustainable, environmentally sound, and economically viable prototype systems that can be tested on farms. These technologies and systems will be studied by scientists and farmers using on-farm research, validated in additional sites by extension workers and farmers. The process involves setting clear short- and long-term goals in the institute, and elaborating a program design within the Liberian farmer's resource context. Assumptions are made about trends and likely characteristics of Liberian agriculture during the next decade. Opportunities for successful implementation, as well as constraints to making the program viable, are elaborated. Four prototype systems based on topography, crops, and management are identified: inland valley flooded rice-based systems, upland rice/cassava-based systems, tree crops systms, and backyard or compound cropping systems. Specific constraints to production in each of the prototype systems are identified. An interdisciplinary cropping system research team is divided into specific action groups for developing alternative technologies. These teams identify available technology and workable systems that are compatible with goals and resource conditions of farmers in the region. Systms will be validated in several research/demonstration sites where adaptive trials take place alongside plots for seed multiplication and demonstration. Supervised by resident extension agents, these sites will be accessible to farmers to exchange ideas, gain training, and acquire new seed varieties. Implementation of this process must include careful consideration of the human and operating resources needed, and the reward systems for researchers, extension agents, and farmers. Evaluation of the program's success depends on measuring adoption of practices and systems, increases in farm productivity and economic return, and ecological sustainability. The program can serve as a model for other countries in the humid tropics with research resource constraints and organizational challenges.
Clinical Features of 154 COVID-19 Patients and the Parameters for the Effective Detection of Pneumonia at the Time of the Initial Diagnosis in Japan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective We aimed to clarify clinical and laboratory characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, and further explore the features to detect COVID-19 pneumonia at the first visit to community-based hospitals. Methods Diagnoses of COVID-19 were based on positive results from real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction testing of nasopharyngeal-swab specimens. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients showing positive results. The clinical characteristics and results of blood tests were compared between the patients with and without pneumonia. The risk factors associated with pneumonia were then evaluated by a multivariable analysis. Results The study cohort comprised 154 patients, including 117 patients (76.0%) with pneumonia at first visit. Significant differences were seen in age, the frequency of fever, tachycardia, desaturation (peripheral oxygen saturation ≤95%), any comorbidity, neutrocyte count and fraction, lymphocyte count and fraction, platelet count, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), and fibrinogen between the patients with and without pneumonia. Using a multivariable analysis, CRP ≥0.3 mg/dL and fibrinogen >400 mg/dL were found to be associated with the presence of pneumonia. Conclusion Community-based settings for screening COVID-19 patients should perform chest X-ray and blood tests for white blood cell fractions, fibrinogen, LDH, and CRP. Of these, elevations in the CRP and fibrinogen levels could be critically associated with the presence of COVID-19 pneumonia.
Emergency department visits for gastrointestinal bleeding in children: results from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample 2006–2011

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our results indicate that there has been an increasing incidence of GI bleeding associated ED visits in children from 2006 to 2011 with cases of lower GI bleeding accounting for the largest increase. Only a small number of children merited admission to the hospital, suggesting that a majority of visits involved non-life-threatening bleeds. These data represent important complementary information to the overall study of pediatric GI bleeding in the US.
Nonheme iron proteins as an alternative system of antioxidant defense in the cells of strictly anaerobic microorganisms: A review

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Enzymatic systems accounting for the relative oxygen resistance of multiple strict anaerobes are reviewed, with emphasis on molecular-biological properties and action mechanisms of non-heme iron proteins (neelaredoxins, desulfoferrodoxins, and rubrerythrins). These unique proteins, which are widespread in anaerobes, comprise a system of antioxidant defense against toxic effects of oxygen and products of its incomplete reduction (an alternative to the classic antioxidant system involving superoxide dismutase and catalase). The role of the superoxide reductase-mediated elimination of endogenous superoxide radicals is discussed. This extremely efficient means of rapid superoxide radical detoxification underlies the preferred mechanism for maintaining the optimum balance between oxidized and reduced forms of some proteins in the cells of strict anaerobes.
Relationship Between Social Support And Academic Stress In Students At SMA Al-Islam Krian

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

When someone experiences academic stress, managing stress is very important. One way to deal with stress is to ask for help and support from the people closest to you. A sense of appreciation or appreciation can be felt by individuals who receive the social and emotional support they receive. This research uses quantitative methods. The population of this study consisted of 1,308 active students at Al-Islam Krian High School, with 213 students selected as simple random sample using a Likert scale. The hypothesis analysis used is a correlation test assisted by SPSS based on the results of data processing that has been carried out. The results of the tests that have been carried out show a correlation of -0.225 with a significance of 0.001 <0.005, which means that there is a negative correlation between the independent variable (social support) and the dependent variable. (Academic stress) but is classified as weak.
The susceptible-infected-recovered-dead model for long-term identification of key epidemiological parameters of COVID-19 in Indonesia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic has spread massively to almost all countries including Indonesia, in just a few months. An important step to overcoming the spread of the COVID-19 is understanding its epidemiology through mathematical modeling intervention. Knowledge of epidemic dynamics patterns is an important part of making timely decisions and preparing hospitals for the outbreak peak. In this study, we developed the susceptible-infected-recovered-dead (SIRD) model, which incorporates the key epidemiological parameters to model and estimate the long-term spread of the COVID-19. The proposed model formulation is data-based analysis using public COVID-19 data from March 2, 2020 to May 15, 2021. Based on numerical analysis, the spread of the pandemic will begin to fade out after November 5, 2021. As a consequence of this virus attack, the cumulative number of infected, recovered, and dead people were estimated at ≈ 3,200,000, ≈ 3,437,000 and ≈ 63,000 people, respectively. Besides, the key epidemiological parameter indicates that the average reproduction number value of COVID-19 in Indonesia is 7.32. The long-term prediction of COVID-19 in Indonesia and its epidemiology can be well described using the SIRD model. The model can be applied in specific regions or cities in understanding the epidemic pattern of COVID-19.
Performance evaluation of high-resolution DOI-encoded PET detectors with single-ended multiplexed readout circuitry

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This study achieved high-performance depth-of-interaction (DOI) encoding in PET detectors through systematic optimization of crystal surface reflection processing, utilizing a light-sharing redirection mechanism. We employed a 23 × 23 LYSO array coupled to an 8 × 8 SiPM array under a 9:1 crystal-to-photodetector coupling ratio. Three detector designs with different surface treatments were investigated: Detector I (1.02 × 1.02 × 15 mm 3 crystals, fully polished with E60 film), Detector II (1 × 1 × 15 mm 3 crystals, ESR-wrapped with unpolished sidewalls), and Detector III (1 × 1 × 15 mm 3 crystals, fully polished with ESR film). Detector I achieved the best DOI resolution (3.29 mm FWHM), while Detector II reached 4.13 mm, both detectors can achieve good crystal separation after layering, enabling effective discrete identification. Notably, the Detector III design enabled direct crystal discrimination without layered structures but exhibited compromised depth sensing capability. Energy resolution in the central region was 16.22%, 13.72%, and 11.54% for Detectors I–III, respectively, and the corresponding timing resolutions were 1.45 ns, 1.02 ns, and 1.64 ns. Taking all aspects into consideration, Detector II exhibited the most balanced performance, indicating that selective surface texturing (e.g., sidewall unpolishing) combined with high-reflectivity materials (ESR) can effectively optimize photon transport pathways. This methodology enables efficient DOI information capture while maintaining compatibility with existing PET electronics, providing a technically viable solution for next-generation high-resolution PET systems that integrates performance advantages with engineering feasibility.
Depressants in nanoemulsion systems applied to quartz and hematite microflotation

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Nanoemulsion systems were investigated in the microflotation of quartz and hematite. Four different depressants were used: Maizena®, soluble starch, amidex, and amylose. The nanoemulsions comprise in a single stable phase varying amounts of water, kerosene, Flotigam EDA® (collector), and n-butyl alcohol, allowing all flotation reagents to be added at the same time, reducing interfacial tension and favoring their application in the process. Microflotation tests were performed in a modified Hallimond Tube and the zeta potential values of the minerals were determined in the presence and absence of reagents. Quartz floatability was not affected by depressants, even when concentrations of 100 ppm of depressant were used in the nanoemulsion. The determined isoelectric point of quartz (pH 2). High levels of hematite depression were obtained for all depressants (80%–90% depression). Quartz floatabilities of up to 95% were achieved by using nanoemulsions in the process. Keywords: Iron oxide depressants, Polysaccharides, Quartz-hematite selectivity, Nanoemulsion
Biosimilars

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Biologics are medicines primarily derived from living systems and produced through recombinant DNA (rDNA) and monoclonal technologies. Generic version of biologics with improved efficacy and safety is called biosimilar. Patent and copyright expiration of biological products permits the entry of biosimilars. Synthesis of biosimilars involves two main processes, such as monoclonal antibodies and rDNA technology, and characterized by various methods such as posttranslational modification, mass spectrometry, peptide mapping, three-dimensional (high-order) structure, X-ray crystallography, ion mobility spectrometry, and hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. Though both generic and biosimilar products follow the same regulatory approval, the requirements are not the same due to the variability in composition and instability. Hence, it is essential to develop pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data to support the efficacy and safety data on biosimilars. This review summarizes the recent updates on biosimilars, synthesis, characterization, and current market status. Brief information on the role of biosimilars in multiple sclerosis is also provided in the review.