jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Rôle of Epithelium in Experimental Immunization

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

When a small amount of blood serum is dropped into the nose of a guinea pig the serum is absorbed by the mucous membrane and, after a definite period of incubation, the animal can be shown to have become profoundly changed. Depending upon the number of instillations, the interval between them and, especially, the quantity of serum instilled, the animal becomes either highly hypersensitive or strongly resistant to a toxic injection given by the vein. This resistance withstands a considerable series of increasing toxic injections and is strengthened with lapse of time,—contrary to the state of tolerance produced by traumatic methods. It is inferred that the absorption of foreign protein by the nose causes the formation of two different antibodies. One of these is allergic and excites to anaphylaxis; the other is protective and leads to true immunity. The relative amount of either antibody can be regulated by modifying the amount of serum instilled. Added to a state of general allergy it is easy to produce, in the guinea pig, a special sensitization of the respiratory apparatus which leads, under appropriate stimulation, to attacks resembling those of bronchial asthma in man. No conclusion can be drawn at present concerning the nature or mode of action of the protective or immunizing antibody; but the indications are that its relations to the circulation and to tissue fixation resemble those which have been developed by other investigators in regard to the anaphylactic antibody. Evidence has been submitted that the living epithelium mediates between foreign protein and the organism in a way to favor specifically the elaboration of true immunity.
Warped vacuum energy by black holes

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The belief still persists, at least for an important part of the community, that in general relativity the cosmological constant $Λ$ must remain immaculate. However, Bianchi identities show that $Λ$ could acquire local properties in the presence of matter, i.e., $Λ\rightarrow\,Λ(x^μ)$. In this paper we go even further, and we show that a non-uniform vacuum energy does not even require coexistence with any additional form of matter-energy, nor of any theory beyond general relativity, at least for extreme environments, such as the proximity of a black hole.
Global Comparison of the Membrane Subproteomes between a\nMultidrug-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter </i><i>baumannii</i> Strain and a Reference\nStrain

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> causes severe infections in compromised patients. We combined SDS-PAGE,\ntwo-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry (LC−MS/MS and MALDI-TOF) to separate\nand characterize the proteins of the cell envelope of this bacterium. In total, 135 proteins (inner and\nouter membrane proteins) were identified. In this analysis, we described the expression by this bacterium\nof RND-type efflux systems and some potential virulence factors. We then compared the membrane\nsubproteome of a clinical multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolate with that of a reference strain. We found\nthat the MDR strain expressed lower levels of the penicillin-binding-protein 1b, produced a CarO protein\nhaving different primary and quaternary structures to that of the reference strain, and expressed OmpW\nisoforms. We also showed that the clinical strain has a high ability to form biofilms consistent with the\naccumulation of some outer membrane proteins (OMPs) such as NlpE or CsuD that have already been\ndescribed as involved in bacterial adhesion. These features may partly explain the MDR emergence of\nthe clinical isolate.\nKeywords: <i>A. baumannii</i> • proteome • membrane • multidrug resistance
Privacy-preserving power estimation for DC microgrids: A differentially private distributed fusion filtering approach

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper explores the privacy-preserving power estimation problem in DC microgrids with plug-and-play functionality. To safeguard the privacy of data associated with distributed generation units, a novel differentially private distributed fusion filtering algorithm is proposed. Under some mild assumptions, such as collective observability and bounded system parameters, the security, optimality of the gain matrix, consistency, and stability of the designed filters are ensured. Finally, simulation experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Assessment of germinability, productivity and cost benefit analysis of Picrorhiza kurrooa cultivated at lower altitudes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cultivation of Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Benth, a small creeping, highly medicinal and endangered species of alpine region was observed at comparatively lower altitude than its natural habitat. Germination was observed better inside polyhouse at 15–20°C temperature in sandy soil with litter treatment and high-moisture content. Vegetative propagation was done successfully through stolon segments by using hormonal as well as convenient and simple methods, viz. water-dip treatment and use of high-moisture trenches for rooting in cuttings, which can be easily used for cultivation purpose by local growers. Top segments were found more suitable for multiplication. Yield measured in different landforms, i.e. raised and levelled grounds indicated that the latter was more suitable for better survival, growth and production. Similarly, intercropping with other economically beneficial plants was successfully observed and Foeniculum vulgare and Solanum tuberosum were recommended for intercropping. Forest litter was observed better for higher production by using broad-leaf variety and maximum production was estimated at Pothivasa (1092 kg/ha). For cultivation of P. kurrooa, broad-leaf variety, forest litter treatment, levelled ground and intercropping with plants able to retain moisture in the soil for growing plants, and altitude of 2200 m were endorsed as best for higher production. Cost benefit analysis after third year of cultivation indicated benefits of Rs 87,600/ha based on maximum production. Thus the cultivation of P. kurrooa can provide not only an alternate income-generating resource, but can also provide the opportunity for selfemployment.
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Associated with Ceftriaxone-Resistant Escherichia coli Bloodstream Infections: Looking for Hay in a Haystack

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Contaminated duodenoscopes used in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) have been implicated in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) can identify outbreaks with rare pathogens, but it is unclear how well it can link transmission of common Enterobacteriaceae, e.g., ceftriaxone-resistant (CRO-R) Escherichia coli. Our Infection Control Unit (IC) was alerted to a suspicious number of CRO-R E. coli bloodstream infections in patients who had undergone ERCP in the Spring of 2014. IC investigated an association with duodenoscopes and made recommendations for surveillance and reprocessing in accordance with CDC guidelines. We identified all blood cultures positive for CRO-R E. coli collected January 2014–June 2015. A case was defined as the first CRO-R E. coli positive blood culture from a unique patient who had undergone ERCP within 90 days prior. Controls were CRO-R E. coli blood cultures from unique patients who did not undergo ERCP or did so after bacteremia. Duodenoscopes used for ERCP were abstracted from the medical record. We evaluated clonal relationships by MLST and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) profiles. Resistance gene and mobilizing vector analysis provided strain resolution. We identified 52 blood cultures positive for CRO-R E. coli during the study period. Twenty-eight met the case definition and 11 were controls. Thirty of the 39 isolates belonged to MLST-131. Eleven of these isolates were from patients exposed to the same duodenosope within 90 days prior to bacteremia. CTXM-15 mediated CRO-R in 10 of the exposed cases. The odds ratio of bacteremia with E. coli MLST-131 if exposed to this duodenoscope was 4.6 but was not statistically significant (95% CI 0.5-42.1). Hamming distance SNP trees showed common ancestry but not clonality among the cases (separation <500 chromosomal SNPs, <1000 plasmid SNPs). The implicated duodenoscope was removed from use despite inability to confirm clonality. The study was underpowered to demonstrate statistical significance because our cases involved highly prevalent strains of CRO-R E. coli. While genomic analyses can identify epidemiologic associations, in outbreaks due to common pathogens a high level of suspicion should dictate intervention. All authors: No reported disclosures.
Tyrosine Phenol Lyase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Crystalline l-tyrosine phenol lyase (deaminating) was prepared from the cell extract of Escherichia intermedia A-21 grown in a medium supplemented with l-tyrosine. The purification procedure included ammonium sulfate fractionation, protamine sulfate treatment, DEAE-Sephadex and hydroxylapatite column chromatographies, and Sephadex G-150 gel filtration. Crystals were obtained from solutions of the purified enzyme by the addition of ammonium sulfate. The enzyme was homogeneous by the criteria of ultracentrifugation and acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight was determined to be approximately 170,000. The crystalline enzyme catalyzed the stoichiometric conversion of l-tyrosine into phenol, pyruvate, and ammonia, in the presence of added pyridoxal phosphate. The enzyme also catalyzed pyruvate formation from d-tyrosine, S-methyl-l-cysteine, l-cysteine, l-serine and d-serine, but at rather lower rates than from l-tyrosine. l-Alanine, phenol, and pyrocatechol inhibited pyruvate formation from these substrates.
Pulmonary capillary blood flow during cardiac catheterization

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Methods for the measurement of mean and instantaneous pulmonary capillary blood flow by means of a horizontal body plethysmograph have been described. Methods of calibration were described for the determination of the rate with which N 2 O was taken up by the blood from the recorded plethysmographic pressure. They included a correction factor for leaks, and for changes from mainly adiabatic to more isothermal conditions. Duplicate determinations with the plethysmographic N 2 O uptake method of mean pulmonary capillary blood flow showed a good reproducibility and comparison with the direct Fick method during cardiac catheterization on six patients did not show any statistically significant difference. Examples illustrating the use of the method for comparison between the pulmonary vascular pressure gradient and the pulmonary capillary pulse flow curves are presented. Submitted on June 26, 1961
Estimation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Growth Parameters: Strain Characterization and Comparison of Methods

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The growth rate of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis was assessed by different methods in 7H9 medium supplemented with OADC (oleic acid, albumin, dextrose, catalase), Tween 80, and mycobactin J. Generation times and maximum specific growth rates were determined by wet weight, turbidometric measurement, viable count, and quantitative PCR (ParaTB-Kuanti; F57 gene) for 8 M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains (K10, 2E, 316F, 81, 445, 764, 22G, and OVICAP 49). Strain-to-strain differences were observed in growth curves and calculated parameters. The quantification methods gave different results for each strain at specific time points. Generation times ranged from an average of 1.4 days for viable count and qPCR to approximately 10 days for wet weight and turbidometry. The wet-weight, turbidometry, and ParaTB-Kuanti qPCR methods correlated best with each other. Generally, viability has been assessed by viable count as a reference method; however, due to M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis clumping problems and the presence of noncultivable M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis cells, we conclude that qPCR of a single-copy gene may be used reliably for rapid estimation of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis bacterial numbers in a sample.
Decoupling Attitude Control of a Hypersonic Glide Vehicle Based on a Nonlinear Extended State Observer

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Aiming at solving the attitude control problem of a hypersonic glide vehicle, this paper proposes a decoupling control method based on a nonlinear extended state observer (NESO). According to the decentralized robust control theory of Tornambè, the coupling terms and the uncertainties are regarded as generalized uncertainties, and the NESO-based estimation and compensation signals are added to the closed-loop control law. The theoretical deduction proves that the proposed method can ensure that the tracking error of the closed-loop system is uniformly bounded. The simulation is carried out on the hypersonic glide vehicle model and compared with the traditional subchannel feedback control method. The simulation results show that the designed decoupling control method has superior control performances, and the influence of channel-coupling and uncertainty is compensated to a great extent.
Hydroboration kinetics: Unusual kinetics for the reaction of 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane with representative alkenes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The kinetics of hydroboration of alkenes with 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane dimer, (9-BBN) 2 , exhibit interesting characteristics. With more reactive alkenes, such as 1-hexene, 2-methyl-1-pentene, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene, and cyclopentene, the reaction exhibits first-order kinetics, first order in (9-BBN) 2 and zero order in alkene. On the other hand, with less reactive alkenes, such as cyclohexene, 1-methylcyclohexene, and 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, the reaction exhibits three-halves-order kinetics, first order in alkene and one-half order in (9-BBN) 2 . These kinetics can be accounted for in terms of the following mechanism: (9-BBN) 2 ⇄ 2 9-BBN 9-BBN + alkene → B -alkyl-9-BBN In the case of the more reactive alkenes, the rate-determining step is the dissociation of the dimer. With less reactive alkenes, the reaction of the alkene with the monomer becomes the rate-determining step. For certain alkenes, such as 2-methyl-2-butene and cis -3-hexene, neither of the two steps is a decisive rate-determining step. Therefore, the reaction exhibits kinetic behavior between that of first- and three-halves-order kinetics.
HPLC ion chromatography determination of free ammonium salt in glutathione and other drugs containing amide

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective:To establish an ion chromatography(IC) method for determination of free ammonium salt in glutathione and other drugs containing amide.Methods:A column of IonPac CS12A (250 mm×4 mm,8 μm) and a guard column of IonPac CG12A (50 mm×4 mm,8 μm),a eluent consisting of 18 mmol· L-1 methane-sulfonic with a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1,and a conductivity detector were adopted.Results:The linear range of the determination was 0.203-4.07 μg·mL-1,r=0.9995;The limit detection was 0.025 ng;The average recovery was from 92.1% to 100.6%.Conclusion:The method is simple,rapid,accurate,reproducible and high sensitivity.It can be used for quality control of drugs containing amide group.
From Pots to Pan Pipes: Specimen Exchanges between Paul S. Martin and Harold Gladwin

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Specimen exchange saw widespread use in the nineteenth through mid-twentieth centuries among museum-based anthropologists as a means of collections growth and refinement. This paper examines organizational aspects of specimen exchange at the Field Museum, and presents a case study of exchanges between anthropology curator Paul Martin and Harold Gladwin of Gila Pueblo. The Field Museum’s specimen exchange policies and procedures establish norms of the practice. I use this case to demonstrates how individuals with cultural knowledge and capital are able to achieve desired outcomes for their exchange partners within bureaucratic organizations. Attention to specimen exchange contributes to the greater literature on the value of collections and deaccessioning, as this practice is essentially the movement of collection objects out of museums.
UV<inf>254</inf> removal and effect factors from micro-polluted source water by biological sand filter

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Based on operational characteristics of the biological sand filter, it was studied on UV 254 removal effect in micro-polluted source water by biological sand filter, compared with the natural biofilm formation and inoculated biofilm formation methods through experiment. The influence factors such as temperature, filter velocity and height of filter layer were analyzed for removing UV 254 . Also the correlation of DOC and UV 254 were studied. The results show that the biological sand filter can remove UV 254 effectively in the micro-polluted source water, the removal rate of UV 254 is 19.47% to 34.74%. The natural biofilm formation method has better UV 254 removal than the inoculated biofilm formation method. The water temperature has conspicuous effect the removal UV 254 . The removal rates of UV 254 is 12.45% to 31.96% separately in biological sand filter at 5–10 to 15–20 temperature; the relational expression is y=1.7558x+0.023, R 2 =0.7961. The removal rate can reach to total removal 85% in the 45cm height of filter layer. The best filter velocity is 3–4m/h, at this condition, the removal rate reaches 34.7%. The DOC and UV 254 of saw water has better correlation, the relational expression is y=0.025x+0.053, R 2 =0.8838.
Islamic Education Values in Minangkabau Wedding Ceremony (Study of Traditional Mariage in Pauh, Padang, West Sumatera)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The aim of the research is to describe the processions of wedding ceremony that done by Pauh society. It also aims to find out whether the values of Islamic education are still carried out by the society in the wedding processions. The research was descriptive qualitative method using naturalistic approach where the data were obtained through observation and interview. The subjects of the research were the head of KAN Kerapatan Adat Nagari in Pauh, ninik mamak, cerdik pandai, the head of KUA, and religious leaders. Snowballing sampling technique was used and the head of the KAN of Pauh was decided to be the first key informant. Based on the information gathered from the key informants, it was found that Islamic education values were reflected in the procession of wedding ceremony. It is recommended that wedding ceremony in West Sumatra should be held properly based on the Isamic teaching.
A Novel Relevance Aggregation Approach for Bug Localization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Automated bug localization is the process of identifying the probable cause and the source files that are most likely faulty, based on a given bug report. This task can be approached as an information retrieval (IR) problem, where bugs are treated as queries and the software source code repository is treated as a collection of documents. Recent research has focused on narrowing the lexical gap that exists between natural language used to describe bugs and the identifier naming conventions employed by developers. A wide range of features, such as lexical similarity, semantic similarity, and code change history, have been explored to establish the relationship between a bug report and a source file. However, since these features have varying impacts on classification performance, it is critical to evaluate their importance to determine the fundamental structure that enables a bug report and a source file to match more closely. Numerous criteria exist, each offering a distinct perspective on feature applicability, while considering the entire dataset. Focusing solely on one criterion may lead to the exclusion of crucial elements that another criterion may have identified as essential. This study analyzes the importance of features in determining the relevance of a source file to a bug report from multiple perspectives. A fully connected neural network is used to aggregate relevance scores and produce a more accurate final score indicating the likelihood that a source file is the cause of the bug. Experiments were conducted on six popular open source projects to evaluate the proposed model's performance. The results demonstrate that our approach outperforms several existing bug localization models in terms of top-k accuracy, MAP, and MRR.
Promotion of the rule of law: reinforcing domination through the internationalisation of legal norms

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Focussing on the relationship between legal colonisation and legal globalisation in the context of post-conflict peacebuilding and reconstruction, I argue that promotion of the rule of law as social domination over local economies, politics and societies has been, historically, core to international efforts. Legal and judicial reforms, which are designed to restore and strengthen the post-conflict state, not only serve to obfuscate historical conditions associated with settler-colonial rule but also reconstitute the relationship between dominant domestic actors and global capital. Moreover, whereas rule-of-law promotion has increasingly been professionalised and standardised, the underlying objectives to promote neoliberal economic growth, subordinate indigenous legal systems, and advancing ruling interests remain the enduring legacies of legal colonialism. In making this argument, I interrogate the underlying ideological and political drivers of the UK-supported justice sector development in Sierra Leone and the US-funded rule-of-law programmes in Liberia.
Shelf Life Determination of Fresh Blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum) Stored under Controlled Atmosphere and Ozone

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fresh blueberries are commonly stored and transported by refrigeration in controlled atmospheres to protect shelf life for long periods of storage. Ozone is an antimicrobial gas that can extend shelf life and protect fruit from microbial contamination. Shelf life of fresh highbush blueberries was determined over 10-day storage in isolated cabinets at 4°C or 12°C under different atmosphere conditions, including air (control); 5% O 2 : 15% CO 2 : 80% N 2 (controlled atmosphere storage (CAS)); and ozone gas (O 3 ) 4 ppm at 4°C or 2.5 ppm at 12°C, at high relative humidity (90–95%). Samples were evaluated for yeast and molds growth, weight loss, and firmness. CAS and O 3 did not delay or inhibit yeast and molds growth in blueberries after 10 days at both temperatures. Fruit stored at 4°C showed lower weight loss values compared with 12°C. Blueberries stored under O 3 atmosphere showed reduced weight loss at 12°C by day 10 and loss of firmness when compared to the other treatments. Low concentrations of ozone gas together with proper refrigeration temperature can help protect fresh blueberries quality during storage.