jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Robust sensor fault estimation for tolerant control of a civil aircraft using sliding modes

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a sensor fault tolerant control scheme for a large civil aircraft. It is based on the application of a robust method for sensor fault reconstruction using sliding mode theory. The novelty lies in the application of the sensor fault reconstruction scheme to correct the corrupted measured signals before they are used by the controller and therefore the controller does not need to be reconfigured to adapt to sensor faults
A sheep in wolf's clothing

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective

We examined the usefulness and safety of high tip stiffness cardiac microguidewires in the endovascular revascularization of selected cases of internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion.

Methods

Files of patients with acute ischemic symptoms due to ICA occlusions managed from August 2010 to August 2016 by urgent endovascular revascularization were retrospectively reviewed with a waiver of informed consent. Cases where there was escalation to stiff tipped cardiovascular microguidewires after at least two failed attempts to cross the carotid occlusion with standard neuro-microguidewires were included. Radiological and interventional data were recorded.

Results

63 patients with acute carotid occlusions underwent emergent endovascular revascularization in the study period; 5/63 patients met the inclusion criteria. In 4/5 patients, there was no angiographic evidence of the remnant origin of the ICA; in 1/5 there was a wide round shaped proximal calcified cap that precluded soft guidewire entry. In all cases, antegrade wiring was achieved only after switching to stiffer guidewires designed for the management of chronic cardiac occlusions. The use of these stiffer tip wires was considered of critical importance in achieving the successful performance of the ICA revascularization procedure. In all patients, revascularization was achieved, and 90 day modified Rankin Scale score ranged from 0 to 2.

Conclusions

When regular neuro-guidewires do not allow antegrade wiring in cases of ICA occlusion, wire escalation to high tip stiffness guidewires may improve success. These wires, designed to deal with chronic total coronary occlusions, can serve as a platform for new neuro-guidewires to be used in the challenging field of resistant supra-aortic occlusions.
The effects of minimum wage on unemployment for OECD countries: a dynamic fixed effects panel threshold model perspective

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to shed new light on the incidence of the minimum wage on the unemployment rate on 33 OECD countries during 1980–2020 period applying a dynamic fixed effects panel threshold model. Controlling for the usual macroeconomic and demographic factors, the best model estimates a minimum wage threshold of 9.1667. Specifically, the higher the minimum wage the lower the unemployment rate, however the marginal effect is larger above the threshold value. A single-threshold model is identified for 25–74, secondary and long-term unemployment. The possibility of a double-threshold model is rule out for all the unemployment indicators.
Effect of cold plasma technology on physico chemical and cooking quality parameters of germinated brown rice

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Although nutritious, brown rice is hard to chew. Germination and cold plasma technology offer eco-friendly ways to improve its texture and cooking quality. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of cold plasma technology on the physico-chemical and cooking quality properties of germinated brown rice (GBR) of (RNR 29325- brown rice variety) (Navara- pigmented rice variety). Brown rice (BR) and untreated GBR were considered as control 1 and 2, whereas cold plasma -treated germinated brown rice (CPT GBR) was considered as experimental sample. Cold plasma treatments at 20kV, 25kV and 30kV were induced on raw brown rice (BR) and pigmented rice (PR) at four different time durations (1, 5, 10 and 15 min) each, followed by germination. It was observed that there was significant (P £ 0.005) difference between the L*, a* and b* values among control (BR and untreated GBR) and CPT GBR flours of RNR 29325 and Navara. An increase in plasma voltage and treatment time decreased the amylose content from 16.57±0.87% to 13.95±0.88% and 19.48 ± 0.50% to 14.83±0.88% in RNR 29325 and Navara, respectively. The highest kernel length and breadth after cooking were observed at the longest cold plasma exposure time (15 minutes). The volume expansion ratio ranged from 2.45 ± 0.01 to 2.75 ± 0.01 in RNR 29325, and from 1.98 ± 0.01 to 2.28 ± 0.01 in Navara. A significant (P £ 0.005) increase in water uptake ratio was observed across all the samples in both rice varieties. Cold plasma treatment significantly reduced cooking time-from 36.67 ± 0.58 minutes to 28.00 ± 1.00 minutes in RNR 29325, and from 41.67 ± 0.58 minutes to 32.67 ± 0.58 minutes in Navara. Our study showed that cold plasma improved whole grain texture by lowering amylose content and reducing cooking time.
Minimal Res idual Disease Tests Prov ide an Independent Predic tor of Cl in ica l Outcome in Adult Acute Lymphoblast ic Leukemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

(MRD) in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) using molecular markers has proven superior to other standard criteria (age, sex, and WBC) in distinguishing patients at high, intermediate, and low risk of relapse. The aim of our study was to determine whether MRD investigation is valuable in predicting outcome in Phil-adelphia-negative adult patients with ALL. Patients and Methods: MRD was assessed in 85 adult patients with B-lineage ALL by semiquantitative immunoglobulin H gene analysis on bone marrow sam-ples collected during four time bands in the first 24 months of treatment. Fifty patients received chemother-apy only and 35 patients received allogeneic (n 19) or autologous (n 16) bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in first clinical remission. The relationship be-tween MRD status and clinical outcome was investi-gated and compared with age, sex, immunopheno-type, and presenting WBC count. Results: Fisher’s exact test established a statistically significant concordance between MRD results and clin-ical outcome at all times. Disease-free survival (DFS) rates for MRD-positive and-negative patients and log-rank testing established that MRD positivity was asso-ciated with increased relapse rates at all times (P &lt;.05) but was most significant at 3 to 5 months after induction and beyond. MRD status after allogeneic BMT rather than before was found to be an important predictor of outcome in 19 adult patients with ALL tested. In patients receiving autologous BMT (n 16), the MRD status before BMT was more significant (P .005). Conclusion: The association of MRD test results and DFS was independent of and greater than other stan-dard predictors of outcome and is therefore important in determining treatment for individual patients.
Lectures on Neutrino Astronomy: Theory and Experiment

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

1. Overview of neutrino astronomy: multidisciplinary science. 2. Cosmic accelerators: the highest energy cosmic rays. 3. Neutrino beam dumps: supermassive black holes and gamma ray bursts. 4. Neutrino telescopes: water and ice. 5. Indirect dark matter detection. 6. Towards kilometer-scale detectors.
A feasibility study into the screening and imaging of hand luggage for threat items at 35 GHz using an active large aperture (1.6 m) security screening imager

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The feasibility of screening hand luggage for concealed threat items such as Person-Borne Improvised Explosive Devices (PBIED's) both metallic and non-metallic, together with handguns and at millimetre wavelengths is investigated. Previous studies by the authors and others indicate that hand baggage material and fabric is much more transmissive and has less scattering at lower millimetre wave frequencies and the ability to use K-band active imaging with high spatial resolution presents an opportunity to image and hence recognise concealed threats. For this feasibility study, a 1.6 m aperture, 35 GHz security screening imaging system with a spatial resolution of 2.5 cm and a depth of field of around 5 cm is employed, using spatially incoherent illuminating panels to enhance image contrast. In this study, realistic scenarios using backpacks containing a realistic range of threat and non-threat items are scanned, both carried and standalone. This range of items contains large vessels suitable for containing simulated home-made PBIED's and handguns. The comprehensive list of non-threat items includes laptops, bottles, clothing and power supplies. For this study, the range at which imaging data at standoff distances can be acquired is confined to that of the particular system in use, although parameters such as illumination and integration time are optimised. However, techniques for extrapolating towards effective standoff distances using aperture synthesis imagers are discussed. The transmission loss through fabrics and clothing that may form, or be contained in baggage, are reported over range of frequencies ranging from 26 to 110 GHz.
Deinstitutionalization

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract “Deinstitutionalization” is a term referring to the release of patients from mental hospitals in the late 1950s and 1960s for what was thought to be more humane care in community settings. In the 1950s, before the introduction of newly discovered drug therapies that made deinstitutionalization possible, many mental patients lived in overcrowded and poorly furnished hospital facilities; they were treated with much pessimism and little success, and few patients with severe mental illness were ever discharged. While deinstitutionalization has not been an overwhelmingly successful policy, it has nevertheless enjoyed some successes and allowed many people with mental disorders to receive care in community settings that allow them to maintain their personal freedom instead of living their lives under the limits inherent in hospitalization. Although this may be considered positive for some, for others this outcome has meant living lonely, isolated lives in slum housing or as homeless people in extremely disadvantaged circumstances made worse by mental illness.
Dynamics of Obscurin Localization During Differentiation and Remodeling of Cardiac Myocytes: Obscurin as an Integrator of Myofibrillar Structure

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Obscurin is a newly identified giant muscle protein whose functions remain to be elucidated. In this study we used high-resolution confocal microscopy to examine the dynamics of obscurin localization in cultures of rat cardiac myocytes during the assembly and disassembly of myofibrils. Double immunolabeling of neonatal and adult rat cells for obscurin and sarcomeric α-actinin, the major protein of Z-lines, demonstrated that, during myofibrillogenesis, obscurin is intensely incorporated into M-band areas of A-bands and, to a lesser extent, in Z-lines of newly formed sarcomeres. Presarcomeric structural precursors of myofibrils were intensely immunopositive for α-actinin and, unlike mature myofibrils, weakly immunopositive or immunonegative for obscurin. This indicates that most of the obscurin assembles in developing myofibrils after abundant incorporation of α-actinin and that massive integration of obscurin occurs at more advanced stages of sarcomere assembly. Immunoreactivity for obscurin in the middle of A-bands and in Z-lines of sarcomeres bridged the gaps between individual bundles of newly formed myofibrils, suggesting that this protein appears to be directly involved in their primary lateral connection and registered alignment into larger clusters. Close sarcomeric localization of obscurin and titin suggests that they may interact during myofibril assembly. Interestingly, the laterally aligned striated pattern of obscurin formed at a stage when desmin, traditionally considered as a molecular linker responsible for the lateral binding and stabilization of myofibrils at the Z-bands, was still diffusely localized. During the disassembly of the contractile system in adult myocytes, disappearance of the cross-striated pattern of obscurin preceded the disorganization of registered alignment and intense breakdown of myofibrils. The cross-striated pattern of desmin typical of terminally differentiated myocytes disappeared before or simultaneously with obscurin. During redifferentiation, as in neonatal myocytes, sarcomeric incorporation of obscurin closely followed that of α-actinin and occurred earlier than the striated arrangement of desmin intermediate filaments. The presence of obscurin in the Z-lines and its later assembly into the A/M-bands indicate that it may serve to stabilize and align sarcomeric structure when myosin filaments are incorporated. Our data suggest that obscurin, interacting with other muscle proteins and possibly with the sarcoplasmic reticulum, may have a role as a flexible structural integrator of myofibrils during assembly and adaptive remodeling of the contractile apparatus.
Effect of the powder particle size on the wear behavior of boronized AISI 304 stainless steel

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this study, the AISI 304 steel specimens were boronized with nanoboron of the size of 10–50 nm and commercial Ekabor 3 powders (<1400 μm) at 950 °C to 1000 °C for 2 h and 4 h. Boronized steel specimens were characterized via SEM, microhardness and XRD analyses. Abrasive wear behavior of the specimens, boronized at different temperatures and treatment durations, were examined. The fixed ball micro-abrasion tests were carried out using the abrasive slurry, prepared with different SiC powder particle sizes on the boronized specimens at different rotational speeds. The specimens boronized with nanoboron powders exhibited a higher hardness and abrasive wear resistance than the samples boronized with the Ekabor 3 powders.
The choice of a marketing channel to benefit corn producer’s welfare in Indonesia

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to examine the marketing channel optionsavailable for corn producers in South Sulawesi, the production center in Indonesia, as well as impact of such a choice on their income level. The target group was corn producers and corn traders. The total sample comprised 150 people, consisting of 120 corn producers and 30 corn intermediary traders within South Sulawesi Province. The results showed that three marketing channels accessed by producers are zero-level, one-level, and two-level channels. The net profit margin obtained by intermediary traders per kg is different by types for each marketing channel due to different marketing activities leading to different costs spent. The most efficient marketing channel is the zero-level channel that conducts direct selling to breeders. It followed by the one-level channel (from farmers to collectors and consumers). Finally, the two-level channel (from producers to merchant traders) showed the lowest efficiency. It should be mentioned that the zero-level channel offers a slight price increase for producers compared to other channels. Its consumers only buy limited number of products so that it does not have a wide impact on producer’s welfare. The study also found high input costs spent to cultivate corn due to land rent, fertilizers, and pesticides. AcknowledgmentThe welfare of corn producers and marketing channel choice is part of an internal research grant project from Hasanuddin University. The research involves the regional government at village and sub-district level, and farmer groups in villages within the Province of South Sulawesi.
Charge separation and covalent bonding in metal oxide surfaces: A local density functional study on the MgO(001) surface

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A first principles local density functional investigation on extended, two-dimensional periodic slab models of the MgO(001) surface is performed, using the linear combination of Gaussian-type orbitals (LCGTO) technique as implemented in the FILMS program package. Stimulated by recent theoretical evidence for a reduced charge separation in MgO(001), a detailed analysis of the charge distribution and its influence on the electrical field above the surface is carried out. Two different methods to quantify the charge separation in the ionic substrate are employed, a local one based on the topological atom approach and a global one derived from the Madelung field of the surface near potential adsorbates. Both procedures lead to a charge separation significantly (10%–20%) below the nominal ionic value of ±2 a.u. A variational atomic orbital analysis is utilized to discuss the origin of the Mg 3s and 3p structures discernible in the crystal orbitals of the MgO slab systems. They are identified as covalent magnesium valence orbital admixtures to the oxygen dominated valence bands in consistence with the reduced charge separation. Their influence on the cohesive energy of crystalline MgO, however, is found to be only 5% (∼0.5 eV).
A 22-nm All-Digital Time-Domain Neural Network Accelerator for Precision In-Sensor Processing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Deep neural network (DNN) accelerators are increasingly integrated into sensing applications, such as wearables and sensor networks, to provide advanced in-sensor processing capabilities. Given wearables’ strict size and power requirements, minimizing the area and energy consumption of DNN accelerators is a critical concern. In that regard, computing DNN models in the time domain is a promising architecture, taking advantage of both technology scaling friendliness and efficiency. Yet, time-domain accelerators are typically not fully digital, limiting the full benefits of time-domain computation. In this work, we propose an all-digital time-domain accelerator with a small size and low energy consumption to target precision in-sensor processing like human activity recognition (HAR). The proposed accelerator features a simple and efficient architecture without dependencies on analog nonidealities such as leakage and charge errors. An eight-neuron layer (core computation layer) is implemented in 22-nm FD-SOI technology. The layer occupies 70×70μ m while supporting multibit inputs (8-bit) and weights (8-bit) with signed accumulation up to 18 bits. The power dissipation of the computation layer is 576 μ W at 0.72-V supply and 500-MHz clock frequency achieving an average area efficiency of 24.74 GOPS/mm 2 (up to 544.22 GOPS/mm 2 ), an average energy efficiency of 0.21 TOPS/W (up to 4.63 TOPS/W), and a normalized energy efficiency of 13.46 1b-TOPS/W (up to 296.30 1b-TOPS/W).
CREDIT MARKET IMPERFECTIONS AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF POLICY RENTS: THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY IN THE NEW EU MEMBER STATES

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This article analyses how credit market imperfections affect the impacts of subsidies by analyzing the effects of agricultural subsidies in the new Eastern Member States of the European Union with a partial equilibrium model which integrates credit and land market imperfections. We show that credit constraints have important implications for the distribution of policy rents. Credit market imperfections may induce very different effects of direct payments and lump-sum transfers.
Competitive Threats to Political Dynasty in Indonesia: The Failure of the Yasin Limpo Family in the 2018 South Sulawesi Gubernatorial Election

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Political scientists have studied the emergence and success of political dynasties in Southeast Asian countries, with post-New Order Indonesia providing several examples. Scholars have shown that Indonesia's political dynasties struggle to secure succession through local politics, but their analysis does not fully capture the turmoil of a political dynasty. This article analyzes the Yasin Limpo family's instability, focusing on how territorial politics has been exploited by local opposition and dynasties to seize and maintain power. This qualitative study provides a crucial means of understanding the success and failure of political dynasties. This article reveals that to monopolize power; political dynasties must rely not only on maximizing their dominance over the local territory but also on increasing their leverage in national politics. The Yasin Limpo family struggled to do so, facing a lack of national influence and internal family issues. Furthermore, local opponents successfully dismantled the political dynasty after bringing local political conflicts to the attention of national political elites.
Farmers participatory approach for sustainable cotton production through integrated pest management.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

With an aim of popularization of IPM technology in cotton, demonstrations were taken up for the two consecutive years from 2008–09 and 2009–10 in farmers fields. Farmers practice was served as Non-IPM check. Results revealed that sucking pests (Aphid, Jassid, Thrips and Whitefly) population was reduced in IPM practice. Natural enemies (Ladybird beetle, Chrysoperla and Spider) population was recorded maximum in IPM practice. The seed cotton yield and net return was quite high in IPM practice in compared to farmers practice. Plant protection application was more in farmers practice than IPM. The overall success in managing pest complex was attributed to the use of botanical insecticides, pheromone traps, bird perchers, use of selective insecticides at right time apart from enhanced biotic potential exerted from parasitoids and predators.
Analyzing Pre-Service Teacher Education Through ChatGPT-Based Chatbot

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to examine whether pre-service teachers can engage in educational dialogues with a chatbot, acting as a virtual student, to assess and modify student understanding. Nineteen pre-service elementary school teachers participated in this study and engaged in conversations with a virtual student—a chatbot struggling to understand the relational concept of the equal sign. The conversations were analyzed, and the opinions of the pre-service teachers who used the chatbot were examined. The chatbot provided natural and appropriate responses similar to those of real students, enabling the pre-service teachers to assess the virtual student's understanding of the equal sign. They also posed meaningful questions aimed at shifting the student’s understanding, which ultimately led to a confirmed change in the virtual student's comprehension of the equal sign. Additionally, while the pre-service teachers positively evaluated the chatbot’s usefulness, they noted certain limitations, such as overly detailed explanations and the use of terminology beyond the curriculum’s scope. We discussed the implications related to these findings.
Study on Juicing Performace of ‘Yuefeng’

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The fruit juice of quality was evaluated and concentrated juice processing was compared in apple variety ‘Yuefeng’.The results showed that its flesh was crisp,juicy,sour-sweet,palatable,aromatic and normal taste,with soluble sugar content 12.98%,titration acid content 0.9%.The total juice rate of the first and the second was 90%.After the ultrafiltration,the juice was clear with a light transmittance of 99.8%,color value of 93%,turbidity of 0.18 NUT.The concentrated juice was brownish-yellow,clear and lucid,inoffensive,with a light transmittance of 96.5%,color value of 80%,turbidity of 0.83 NUT and total acid content of 3.16%.Dilute soluble solids content to 11.5%,juice still has the aroma and odorless.Yuefeng was a good quality variety of juice.