jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ideological and Theoretical Considerations to Postcolonial Education in the Lusophone Countries

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This special issue stems from two thematic panels on language and education in the Lusophone world which took place in 2019—one at the University of Santiago de Compostela, and the other at the University of Sheffield. The issue examines the tensions between the linguistic diversity in the Lusophone world and the largely monolingual education systems that remain in place to this day. Taking the education system as a key site for both the reproduction and the contestation of inequality, the issue reflects on how deeply ingrained monolingual and monoglossic ideologies serve to marginalise local languages and local varieties of Portuguese, and the implications of this for access to and participation in education, and for broader questions of social mobility and social justice. As such, in this issue we take a critical approach and contend that linguistic research and insights from Lusophone countries can make a crucial contribution to understanding key social, ideological, and political power struggles and help to bridge the perennial gap between theory and practice in language and education contexts. Para a versão em português clique no botão de download à direita.
The Effect of Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Short Systematic Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, with early diagnosis playing a pivotal role in improving patient outcomes and health care efficiency. This systematic review evaluates current and emerging diagnostic methods from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and advanced imaging to artificial intelligence (AI) and speech analysis, focusing on their efficacy in detecting mild cognitive impairment and early-stage AD. We synthesize evidence from 127 studies (2015–2025), demonstrating that plasma p-tau217 and electroencephalography offer scalable, low-cost alternatives to positron emission tomography imaging, with comparable accuracy (sensitivity: 88–94%). Socioeconomic analyses reveal that early diagnosis reduces long-term care costs by £7,750 per patient and enables timely interventions to preserve quality of life. However, structural racism, clinician biases, and disparities in resource allocation delay detection in marginalized populations. We propose actionable policy reforms, including subsidized biomarker testing, AI-driven telehealth tools for underserved regions, and antistigma campaigns to promote equitable access. By integrating emerging technologies into primary care and addressing systemic barriers, this review outlines a transformative roadmap for global AD management.
Introduction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Pasta, Pizza and Propaganda - A Political History of Italian Food TV; A lively and rigorous historical account of Italian food television narrated from a political point of view. In referring to the sociology of Pierre Bourdieu, the book links food, television and politics and shows how the three give way to the political construction of various versions of Italy, from 1954 to the present. 12 b/w photographs. New Books Network (New Books in Italian Studies) interview with Francesco Buscemi
Soil erosion on a slope without vegetation: a simulating experiment on a bare land in Mt. Tanakami

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In order to understand the process of surface erosion and its changing characteristics, a sprinkling experiment is conducted on a bare slope in Mt. Tanakami. Based on the measurements and analysis of runoff, mean soil erosion depth sediment yield and semiment transport, etc., the characteristics in the process of surface erosion in the experimental area are as follows: the occurrence of sediment discharge is interrupted, with a saturated overland-flow surface runoff; the mean erosion depth is 0.086 2 cm, which is thicker compared with other areas in Mt. Tanakmi; sediment yield is 431. 283 m3·km−2, whose process is detachment-limited, and the type of sediment transport is a sediment flow.
[Acute thrombosis of the right renal vein. Two cases with coagulopathies].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report two cases of renal vein thrombosis, unusual because of acute expression, right renal vein localization, absence of the usual renal or perirenal causes, surgical management and a never before reported etiology. In one case the thrombosis was secondary to primary antiphospholipid syndrome, in the other it was secondary to heparin associated thrombocythemia. In this case surgical management was performed during prostacyclin infusion.
Redox-Coupled Proton Pumping Activity in Cytochromeb6f, As Evidenced by the pH Dependence of Electron Transfer in Whole Cells ofChlamydomonas reinhardtii

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The pH dependence of cytochrome b(6)f catalytic activity has been measured in whole cells of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii over the 5-8 range. An acid pH slowed the reactions occurring at the lumenal side of the complex (cytochrome b(6) and f reduction) and affected also the rate and amplitude of the slow electrogenic reaction (phase b), which is supposed to reflect transmembrane electron flow in the complex. On the other hand, a direct measurement of the transmembrane electron flow from the kinetics of cytochrome b(6) oxidation revealed no pH sensitivity. This suggests that a substantial fraction of the electrogenicity associated with cytochrome b(6)f catalysis is not due to electron transfer in the b(6) hemes but to a plastoquinol-oxidation-triggered charge movement, in agreement with previous suggestions that a redox-coupled proton pump operates in cytochrome b(6)f complex. The pH dependence of cytochrome b(6)f activity has also been measured in two mutant strains, where the glutamic 78 of the conserved PEWY sequence of subunit IV has been substituted for a basic (E78K) and a polar (E78Q) residue [Zito, F., Finazzi, G., Joliot, P., and Wollman, F.-A. (1998) Biochemistry 37, 10395-10403]. Their comparison with the wild type revealed that this residue plays an essential role in plastoquinol oxidation at low pH, while it is not required for efficient activity at neutral pH. Its involvement in gating the redox-coupled proton pumping activity is also shown.
PORT GOVERNANCE: SOME GENERAL REMARKS ON THE INSTITUTIONAL GEOGRAPHY OF PORTS IN EUROPE AND

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

For the last thirty years, port governance has been marked by a new level of complexity which has resulted in the reshaping of the system of actors involved in the organization of ports. Devolution, which is taking place on most of the world’s port ranges has thus altered the public-private division, i.e. the respective roles played by the different tiers of government and private operators in operation and regulation functions. There is an abundant literature on this topic, particularly in economics and management and the work of international organizations. This research has cast much light on the new modes of governance and is now attempting to explain how they are linked to port performance Models of port governance frequently consider the “public sector ” to be a homogeneous entity and rather less research has examined its variety, i.e. the different categories of public sector actors that run the institutional levels that control the ports. The aim of this paper is thus to provide some insights into this question of the institutional geography of ports by identifying the various tiers of government, the functions they perform and how they are linked with each other in a number of ports. It draws on the main findings of research carried out for the
HLA-DRB1 GENE POLYMORPHISM AND ETHNOLOGICAL EVOLUTION ANALYSIS OF THE EWENKI ETHNIC GROUP IN INNER MONGOLIA

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective:To determine the HLA-DRB1 genetic polymorphism of the Ewenki ethnic group in Inner mongolia.Methods:PCR with sequencing based typing(SBT)was employed to determine HLA-DRB1 allele polymorphisms of 94 normal Ewenki.Results:Twenty-five HLA-DRB1 alleles were observed.Among the 25 detected DRB1 alleles,DRB1*090102,DRB1*030101,DRB1*040101,DRB1*070101 and DRB1*120101/1206 were commonly observed,with frequencies of 16.0%,13.3%,10.1%,7.4% and 7.4% respectively.Conclusion:The distribution of HLA-DRB1 allele frequencies in normal Ewenki in Inner Mongolia exhibits a unique profile.Frequencies and phylogenetic tree show that Ewenki ethnic group belongs to the North China ethnic groups.
Long-term Follow-up of 1059 Consecutive Primary and Recurrent Inguinal Hernias in a Teaching Hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The number of recurrences at long-term follow-up after repairs of primary and recurrent inguinal hernias was unsatisfactory. The extent of postoperative pain was surprising as this was not given enough attention during the learning period. We have introduced a uniform treatment policy with a prospective surveillance programme with the aim of improving results in our teaching programme.
Complications in 220 patients with cardiac dysrhythmias treated by phased direct current shock, and indications for electroconversion.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Direct current shock is more effective than alter- nating current in the treatment of ventricular dysrhythmias (Lown et al., 1962) and is more effective than drug therapy in converting supraventricular dysrhythmias to sinus rhythm (McDonald, Resne- kov, and O'Brien, 1964).Although earlier reports stressed the benign nature of the treatment (Lown, 1964; Morris et al., 1964), it has already been shown that it may lead to potentially serious complications (McDonald and Resnekov, 1965; Resnekov and McDonald, 1965).In this paper complications following the use of phased direct current (DC) shock, in the management of 220 consecutive patients with supraventricular dysrhythmias and ventricular tachycardia, are analysed. SUBJECTS AND METHODSStudies were made on 220 patients (Table I) with atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, atrial tachycardia, and ventricu- lar tachycardia who were treated with direct current
Spatial Variability of Average Annual and Monthly Minimum River Flow in Poland

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this article is to analyse the spatial variability of SNQ, the average annual minimum river flow, as well as SNQm (m = 1, 2, …12), the average monthly minimum river flow in Poland. The data were obtained from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute (IMWM-NRI) in the form of the daily flow series from the period between 01 Nov 1990 and 31 Oct 2020 from 433 gauging cross-sections located within the territory of Poland. The results of the analyses are presented on maps of the physiographic regions of Poland (the Coastlands, the Lakelands, the Lowlands, the Highlands, the Carpathians and the Sudety Mountains). In order to compare SNqm – the unit average minimum monthly flow between the physiographic regions, the Kruskal-Wallis test with the Dunn (Bonferroni) adjustment was performed. In order to evaluate the spatial variability of the SNqm, the hypothesis was verified for each gauging station that the Spearman correlation coefficient between the SNqm and the zero point of the gauge was different from zero. The SNqm flow changed over the year. As expected, the highest values were observed in March and April, and the lowest in July and August. Regardless of the month, the rivers in the central part of Poland (the Lowlands) were less water abundant than those in other regions of the country while the greatest flows were observed in the mountain rivers. Statistically, no difference was observed between the SNqm in the Coastlands, the Carpathians and the Sudety Mts., and in nearly all of the months between the SNqm in the Lakelands and the Lowlands. In the whole territory of Poland, the river flow was dependent on the altitude of the catchment, while the strongest correlation was observed in the mountain regions.
Electrochemical\nγ‑Selective Deuteration\nof Pyridines

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Herein, we first report a γ-selective deuteration\nreaction\nof pyridines via H/D exchange without the need for preinstalled directing\ngroups and transformable functional groups. The electrochemical process\noffers an attractive approach to producing γ-deuterated pyridines\nunder gentle conditions. The broad substrate scope, excellent deuterium\nincorporation, and remarkable selectivity of the electrochemical method\nmake it applicable for the late-stage modification of pharmaceutical\nmolecules.
Rapid-Onset Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in a Patient Undergoing Metastatic Liver Resection: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Metastatic liver resection following cytoreductive chemotherapy is an accepted treatment for oligometastatic tumor diseases. Although pulmonary complications are frequently reported in patients undergoing liver surgery including liver transplantation, life-threatening acute respiratory failures in the absence of aspiration, embolism, transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), pulmonary infection, or an obvious source of systemic sepsis are rare. We performed an extensive clinical review of a patient undergoing metastatic liver resection who had a clinical course compatible to an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) without an obvious cause except for the surgical procedure and multiple preoperative chemotherapies. We hypothesize that either the surgical procedure mediated by cytokines and tumor necrosis factor or possible toxic effects of oxygen applied during general anesthesia were associated with life-threatening respiratory failure in the patient. Discrete and subclinical inflammated alveoli (probably due to multiple preoperative chemotherapies with substances at potential risk for interstitial pneumonitis as well as chest radiation) might therefore be considered as risk factors.
Mediator role of difficulty in emotion regulation in relation between attachment to parents and social anxiety disorder symptoms in adolescent females

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Introduction: Attachment styles are those intrinsic sources in which can balance stress levels and disability in unpalatable situations and make the negative effects of tension less. Aim: The purpose of this research is the mediator role of difficulty in emotion regulation in relationship between parental attachment and social anxiety disorder symptoms in adolescent females. Method: This study is a correlation-descriptive research method and the statistical population of this study has been chosen among first grade of junior high school students in districts 1 and 2 of Shiraz in the school year of 2017-2018. In this research, a total of 175 students have been selected by multistage cluster sampling. Attachment, anxiety and emotion regulation difficulty were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and path analysis test. Results: Difficulty in emotion regulation is playing a mediator role in relation between parental attachment and social anxiety and there is a meaningful relationship between parental attachment and difficulty in emotion regulation of adolescent females (P<0.05). Conclusion: As a result, it can be said that attachment to parents acts as an underlying mechanism in improving social anxiety function and the difficulty variable in emotion regulation causes symptoms of social anxiety disorder in adolescent females.
Growth and Electronic Transport in 9,10‐Diphenylanthracene Single Crystals—An Organic Semiconductor of High Electron and Hole Mobility

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Electron and hole transport is demonstrated on bulk crystals of the organic semiconductor 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA). The high mobilities at room temperature for electrons (ca. 13 cm2 Vs–1) and holes (ca. 3.7 cm2 Vs–1) make DPA a prominent candidate for device applications. The hole mobility follows a bandlike transport at high temperatures (200K–400K) and a saturation behavior in the low-temperature regime (see figure), the latter being discussed in the context of various transport models.
Emerging Viruses in Human Populations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

With increasing international travel and globalization of the world’s economies, changing climates, and altered human behavior and demographics, multiple viruses have emerged to occupy expanded ecologic niches, producing disease syndromes in parts of the world where they had never before existed. Because most emerging viral diseases in humans in the 21st century have been zoonotic, Emerging Viruses in Human Populations focuses on this group of viruses. The resulting overview is a book useful for anyone interested in a diverse group of viral agents that have recently elicited novel disease syndromes in human populations around the world. This text does an excellent job of encompassing a wide variety of contact-transmitted enzootic viruses including severe acute respiratory syndrome–associated coronavirus, Nipah and Hendra viruses, influenza virus, hantaviruses, monkeypox viruses, and vector-transmitted agents including Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, dengue, West Nile, and Japanese encephalitis viruses.

Two especially informative chapters, the first and last, introduce several emerging viral disease agents that affect humans. The authors provide a synthesis of factors that could be associated with the emergence of novel viral agents, such as environmental change, altered human demographics, and human behavior. They also discuss the defining mechanisms through which emerging viral disease can be identified and monitored.

The text outlines basic virologic characterization such as replication strategy and the role of known viral proteins in viral pathogenesis, diagnostics, treatment, and vaccine availability. Additionally, it covers epidemiology of agents, relative disease manifestation, and disease patterns identified in human populations. My only criticism regarding this fine resource is the lack of a consistent level of information presented for each viral agent. In some cases, for example, extensive information was presented on the role of all known viral proteins in replication of the virus and how these proteins contribute to disease manifestations. For other agents, the epidemiology was highlighted with relatively no coverage of viral pathogenesis.

Many of the chapters are easily readable by the general public, yet the level of detail within most of the sections makes this also an excellent reference text for research and public health professionals. I recommend this book for anyone interested in obtaining a broad perspective on the emergence of viral diseases that affect humans.
Towards a taxonomy of institutions in economic development.

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

institutions, institutional definition, rules, taxonomy of institutions There is growing acknowledgement that institutions play an important and significant role in economic development as well as deeper understanding of the nature of institutions. In addition institutions have been more widely studied, better defined and their impact better understood. Yet despite this progress, an authoritative taxonomy of institutions is still lacking. For those seeking to understand how and why institutions matter, the increased definition raises the need for taxonomy of institutions. Institutions relevance, scope and priority in economic understanding cannot be advanced without establishing such taxonomy. A number of specific issues underlie this overall problem of a lack of taxonomy, these relate to the absence of an authoritative broad class definition that provides discriminating categorization of institutions, the development of a typology within this broad categorization as well as the need to recognize transitional relationships between institutions within the broad class and to acknowledge the usefulness and fitness for
Madame Bovary y el proceso judicial contra Flaubert : implicaciones de la libertad en el arte, la filosofía y el derecho

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Lawyers are usually limited to strict analysis of legal texts, without taking into consideration the legal meanings of social facts or literary works. This article do not search to determine, for example, the crimes committed by the characters of the novel or by its author, but to revise the implications of art itself in the legal field. Through a reflection on freedom and morality, the author invites us to assess the impact of the Modern Era in art and law.
[Long-term evolution and complications of eating disorders].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Eating disorders long-term evolution is good in 50% of cases, middle in 25% (recovery from eating disorders, but still psychological suffering) and bad in 25% of cases, with chronic eating disorders, anxious or depressive comorbid disorder, and bad consequences in social patients' life. Anorexia nervosa has a considerably worse long-term outcome than bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorders. Never the less, purging bulimia nervosa is often associated with other impulsive symptoms, such as addictions and suicide attempts. Chronic undernutrition leads to main long-term medical complications of eating disorders: linear growth in adolescents with anorexia nervosa, infertility, and osteoporosis. These complications need a specific medical follow up, at least once a year, added to the psychiatric and psychotherapist follow-up.
The Singapore entrepreneur : skills, attitudes and behaviours

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

With entrepreneurship being the new impetus for economic growth in Singapore, the team saw it fit to make an academic contribution by providing greater insight in this field. Personal aspirations to become successful entrepreneurs in the future have also provided additional motivation for the undertaking of this research. The team was interested in the Singapore entrepreneurs' approach to running their businesses. In particular, the main focus was placed in identifying their skills, attitudes towards aspects of business management as well as their entrepreneurial behaviour. Information was obtained from thirty-nine returned questionnaires sent to members of the Association of Small and Medium Enterprises. Interviews with five local entrepreneurs provided additional insights to the study. In the area of skills, Singapore entrepreneurs were found to be competent in conceptual and interpersonal skills. They possess entrepreneurial, industrial experience and are better educated than the general population. There is willingness to take risk most of the time. Competition, product marketability and personal interests form the main concerns of business strategy. Sophisticated planning is undertaken by majority of the entrepreneurs. They are also generally committed to their business. They adopt an open management style and are employee-oriented. However, they are found to be possessive about their business. With the above findings, the team hopes that it will be used constructively as a basis for future research, in order that an even greater understanding of the entrepreneurship field may be achieved.