jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The impact of the interaction between Neuroligin3 and CYFIP1 on phenotypes associated with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterised by alterations in behaviour, brain structure and molecular processes. The underlaying genetic aetiology is complex, with many genes linked to ASD. However, there might be convergence in the function of protein products of these genes, leading to the characteristic phenotypes associated with ASD. The role of two proteins associated with ASD, Neuroligin3 and CYFIP1, in establishing these phenotypes was investigated. The interaction between them was confirmed, in neurons, in vivo. Additionally, several other proteins associated with ASD were found to interact with Neuroligin3, indicating that they might contribute to the same biological pathway. Interestingly, the interactors of Neuroligin3 differed between neurons and glia, suggesting that they were cell population specific. Double mutant mice lacking Nlgn3 and heterozygous for Cyfip1 were generated to investigate the impact of the Neuroligin3/CYFIP1 interaction on mouse behaviour, dendritic spine density and RNA expression. The double mutant mice phenocopied their littermates with Nlgn3 deletion in their hyperactivity. However, motor learning, which is impaired in males heterozygous for Cyfip1, was restored in the double mutant males, this finding suggesting that Neuroligin3 could inhibit the function of CYFIP1 at the molecular level. Two other parameters modulated the effect of these genetic mutations on behaviour: sex of the mice and the social environment in which they were reared. There might be an increase of dendritic spine density in the motor cortex in the double mutants, but this effect did not extend to the visual cortex, suggesting that increased genetic load led to region-specific alterations in this parameter. On the other hand, the RNA expression in the hippocampus was only affected by the Nlgn3 deletion and was again modulated by the social environment. In particular, the transcriptome of WT and Nlgn3 knockout males differed between those housed with littermates of the same and of different genotype. In conclusion, the interaction between Neuroligin3 and CYFIP1 affected the behaviour of mice, the dendritic spine density in the motor cortex and the transcriptome in the hippocampus and this effect was further modulated by sex of the mice and their social environment. These findings support the fact that ASD is likely to result from complex interaction between genes and the environment.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Cancer Immunotherapy with Immunomodulatory Anti-CD137 and Anti–PD-1 Monoclonal Antibodies Requires BATF3-Dependent Dendritic Cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>CTLs against the Adpgk neoantigen of MC38 are induced by anti-CD137 and anti-PD-1 mAbs in a fraction of WT mice, but not in Batf3-/- mice.</p>
Predicting Agricultural Education Student Teachers' Intention to Enter Teaching

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to explore how the student teaching experience and other variables influenced student teachers' intentions to teach. Data were collected from 80 student teachers at three universities—a land grant/research I institution, a non-land grant/doctoral degree granting institution, and a comprehensive regional institution. Data were collected longitudinally at four points during the student teaching semester. The typical student teacher in this study was a 22-year-old, white, male undergraduate who had been enrolled in agricultural education courses in high school and who had worked full time in agriculture. Intentions to teach did not change during the student teaching experience but did differ by university. The best predictor of a student teacher's intent to teach after student teaching was their intention to teach before student teaching. Differences in intentions to teach were observed at the three universities, and thus university was also predictive of final intent to teach.
L’évaluation "pragmatique" de la durabilité de la mobilité urbaine

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper presents a research projet for a thesis : Elaboration of a systemic model of urban sustainability. The example of daily mobility in Nice and Genoa areas in respect for a international comparison (dir. A. Dauphiné, Nice-Sophia Antipolis University and G. Rabino, Polytechnic of Milan).
Abscisic acid (ABA) signaling: Finding novel components off the beaten track

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The sesquiterpene abscisic acid (ABA) is an ancient universal stress response molecule. In plants, many ABA-dependent processes operate via the PYR/PYL/RCAR receptor complexes, however, there is evidence suggesting that not all plant responses operate through this mechanism. This is consistent with ABA responses in animals and humans which do not contain such receptors. We hypothesize that plant and animal proteomes harbour proteins with undiscovered ABA-binding sites and propose that carefully curated amino acid search motifs deduced from the binding sites of experimentally confirmed ABA-binding proteins can identify many more candidates in plant and animal proteomes many of which show folds that are compatible with ABA-binding. Plant candidates include annotated ABA downstream signaling components such as SnRK2.2 and SnRK2.6 and proteins with roles in protein folding and RNA polyadenylation, while candidates in the human proteome affect, among other processes, immune responses and tumor progression. If these candidates will eventually be experimentally validated, it will imply that the regulation and tuning of ABA-dependent processes is considerably more complex than hitherto suspected and it will also expand and help to clarify the role of ABA in animal systems.
Hypoglycaemic coma in a non‐diabetic: Organic illness or self‐administration of insulin?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Unexplained hypoglycaemia occurring in a non‐diabetic who has access to insulin through contacts or at work, must raise the possibility of self‐administration of insulin ( Ref 1 ). Self‐administration is usually surreptitious and is likely to be denied by the patient when challenged. Further investigations may be needed to establish the diagnosis and to exclude organic illness. We report a case in which investigations established the diagnosis of self‐ administration and led to the patient finally admitting to having injected an overdose of his wife's insulin.
Nonunion of Spinous Process Fracture Revealed by Interscapular Crepitus: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fractures of the spinous process are relatively common injuries especially in the cervical spine.Those involving the thoracic and lumbar spine are rarely reported in literature due to very little clinical relevance and cases requiring surgical treatment are even rarer.In this article we report the case of a symptomatic non union of a fractured spinous process of T3 treated with surgical excision of the non united fragment with good clinical results.
Potassium channel assembly from concatenated subunits: effects of proline substitutions in S4 segments.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A concatenated cDNA was made that comprised four contiguous copies of the rat brain potassium channel subunit Kv1.1. Currents were measured in oocytes that had been injected with in vitro transcribed RNA. A Pro residue was introduced by site-directed mutagenesis into the S4 transmembrane region of one of the four domains, at a position corresponding to that in which a Pro is found in voltage-dependent sodium and calcium channels. This substitution (L305P in any one domain) led to currents having a shallow activation curve, and an additional fast component of deactivation from strongly positive potentials. cDNAs with L305P substitution in two domains formed functional channels only if the domains were non-adjacent; the properties of the currents were similar to the wild-type concatemer. In both cases, 100-1000 x more RNA was injected to obtain maximal currents similar to those seen with the wild-type concantemer. The point mutation Y379V is known to reduce the blocking potency of extracellular tetraethylammonium; this residue from each of the four domains is exposed at the outer mouth of the pore because the progressive introduction of 1, 2, 3 and 4 such mutations causes progressive reductions in tetraethylammonium sensitivity. The Y379V mutation was introduced into concatenated cDNAs with two non-adjacent Pro-containing domains; the sensitivity to TEA of the resulting currents showed that the Pro-containing subunits did not contribute to the pore-forming part of the channel. The results suggest that channels can form with a Pro substitution in a single S4 domain, but they require strong depolarization to open and deactivate rapidly upon repolarization. With Pro substitutions in two domains, channels appear to be formed as a multimerized concatemer, in which the Pro-containing domains are excluded from pore formation.
Computationally connecting organic photovoltaic performance to atomistic arrangements and bulk morphology

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Rationally designing roll-to-roll printed organic photovoltaics (OPVs) requires a fundamental understanding of active layer morphologies optimised for charge separation and transport, and which ingredients can be used to self-assemble those morphologies. In this review article we discuss advances in three areas of computational modelling that provide insight into active layer morphology and the charge transport properties that result. We explain the computational bottlenecks prohibiting atomistically-detailed simulations of device-scale active layers and the coarse-graining and hardware acceleration strategies for overcoming them. We review coarse-grained simulations of OPV active layers and show that high throughput simulations of experimentally-relevant length scales are now accessible. We describe a new Python package diffractometer that permits grazing-incidence X-ray scattering patterns of simulated active layers to be compared against experiments. We explain the accurate calculation of charge-carrier mobilities from coarse-grained active layer morphologies by using atomistic backmapping, quantum chemical calculations, and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. We employ these simulations to show that ordering of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) explains a factor of 1000 improvement in charge mobility. In concert, we present a suite of computational tools enabling large-scale electronic properties of organic photovoltaics to be studied and screened for by molecular simulations.
Two Stage (Perfect) Equilibrium in Hotelling's Model

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

HOTELLING [I 929] suggests that his spatial competition model can be used to describe a wide range of differentiation problems. He points to the selection of product variety within an industry as a potential application. Most of the subsequent work in his tradition has taken the equivalence of the two problems for granted. In this note, we look more closely at this equivalence. We distinguish between two types of differentiated products according to the variety of preferences assumed with respect to those products. Building on this distinction, we recognize that the demand faced by a firm locating on Hotelling's line is analogous to the demand faced by a firm selecting a horizontally differentiated product. It should be emphasized, thus, that the equivalence between the geographical and the product selection problem is by no means general and relies on specific assumptions about consumers' preferences. Next, we formulate a small model, close to Hotelling's one in which firms select a horizontally differentiated product. Within this model, it will be shown that a pure strategy price equilibrium exists for every pair of products. This statement is to be contrasted with the results of d'Aspremont et al. [I979], who have shown that in the original Hotelling's setting an equilibrium fails to exist when firms are too close together. 1 In addition, we will examine the product selection problem faced by firms in a two-stage game: in the first stage, each firm selects a product; in the second stage, the firm defines a price for its product. We will seek the existence of a perfect equilibrium in this game. A perfect equilibrium in this context can be viewed as a Nash equilibrium in a game in which firms select a product, aware of the non-cooperative price equilibrium that will occur for each of their choices. It will be shown that contrary to Hotelling's principle, the two firms will maximise their differentiation (i.e. firms will locate at opposite ends of the market).
Objective and Perceived Traffic Safety for Children: A Systematic Literature Review of Traffic and Built Environment Characteristics Related to Safe Travel

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The literature on children’s active transportation has shown the influence of the built environment characteristics on walking and crashes. Various reviews have examined those two questions. One influence on walking is the perception of traffic safety. However, it is not clear how, or even if, the built environment affects such perceptions. This research aims to understand which traffic and built environment characteristics influence objective and subjective/perceived traffic safety for children based on the analysis of previous studies in the field. Two types of research were used: the first examines the association between traffic and built environment characteristics and child pedestrian and/or cyclist collisions/injuries; the second relates to the perception of safety by parents and children for active transportation and, where studied, its relationship with built environment characteristics. A systematic review was conducted using five electronic databases. The total number of articles retrieved was reduced to 38 following the eligibility criteria and quality assessment, where 25 articles relate to injuries among children and 13 articles pertain to perception of safety. The results showed that high traffic volume and high vehicle speed are the main reasons children and parents feel unsafe when children use active travel, which matches the main findings on objective safety. Few articles on perception of safety related to the objective built environment were found. However, consistent findings exist. The presence of sidewalk was related to the safety of children. The presence of a crossing guard was positively related to perceived safety but was associated with higher rates of injuries among children. Intersection density was related to unsafe perceptions but was not statistically associated with objective traffic safety. Additionally, population density was found to be positively related to injuries among children, but not to perception of safety. The results help policy strategy to enhance the safety of children when using active transport modes.
Joint ERS/EACTS/ESTS clinical practice guidelines on adults with spontaneous pneumothorax

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVES The optimal management for spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) remains contentious, with various proposed approaches. This joint clinical practice guideline from the ERS, EACTS and ESTS societies provides evidence-based recommendations for the management of SP. METHODS This multidisciplinary Task Force addressed 12 key clinical questions on the management of pneumothorax, using ERS methodology for guideline development. Systematic searches were performed in MEDLINE and Embase. Evidence was synthesised by conducting meta-analyses, if possible, or narratively. Certainty of evidence was rated with GRADE (Grading, Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation). The Evidence to Decision framework was used to decide on the direction and strength of the recommendations. RESULTS The panel makes a conditional recommendation for conservative care of minimally symptomatic patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) who are clinically stable. We make a strong recommendation for needle aspiration over chest tube drain for initial PSP treatment. We make a conditional recommendation for ambulatory management for initial PSP treatment. We make a conditional recommendation for early surgical intervention for the initial treatment of PSP in patients who prioritise recurrence prevention. The panel makes a conditional recommendation for autologous blood patch in secondary SP patients with persistent air leak (PAL). The panel could not make recommendations for other interventions, including bronchial valves, suction, pleurodesis in addition to surgical resection or type of surgical pleurodesis. CONCLUSIONS With this international guideline, the ERS, EACTS and ESTS societies provide clinical practice recommendations for SP management. We highlight evidence gaps for the management of PAL and recurrence prevention, with research recommendations made. SHAREABLE ABSTRACT This update of an ERS Task Force statement from 2015 provides a concise comprehensive update of the literature base. 24 evidence-based recommendations were made for management of pneumothorax, balancing clinical priorities and patient views.https://bit.ly/3TKGp9e.
ChemInform Abstract: Fully Selective Intramolecular ortho Photocycloaddition of 4‐(4‐ Methoxyphenoxy)‐3‐(N3‐benzoylthymin‐1‐yl)but‐1‐ene: An Unprecedented Benzene‐Thymine Photocycloaddition.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of Trehalose on the Expression of Heat Shock Protein 70 Gene in PC12 Cells Treated with Hydrogen Peroxide

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background and purpose: Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including neurological disorders. In such stressful conditions, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) protects cells, thus its pharmacological induction can be protective. The disaccharide trehalose exhibits various beneficial effects, including antioxidative effect. However, its impact on HSP70 is not obvious. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of trehalose on HSP70 gene expression in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells treated with hydrogen peroxide. Materials and methods: PC12 cells were pretreated with trehalose (12.5, 25, 50 mM) for 24 hours, and then were treated with hydrogen peroxide (100 μM) for 24 hours. Cell viability was determined via MTT assay and HSP70 gene expression was measured using Real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Trehalose pretreatment increased viability of PC12 cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, HSP70 gene expression upregulated in cells that were pretreated with trehalose. The highest gene expression was at 50 mM trehalose. Conclusion: Current study showed that terhalose protects PC12 cells against hydrogen peroxide by increasing the expression of HSP70 gene.
CHANGES IN AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE DURING THE TRANSITION TO RETIREMENT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Retirement is a major life event characterized by removal of work-related stressors and changes in health behaviours. The association between retirement and changes in blood pressure (BP), and particularly in ambulatory BP, has been scarcely studied. We aimed to examine changes in ambulatory BP during retirement transition. Design and method: Two hundred and fifty ageing workers (mean age 63.2 years, 84% women) from the Finnish Retirement and Aging study participated in annual office BP measurements and 114 (mean age 63.1, 90% women) of them underwent annual ambulatory BP measurements before and after retirement. On average, the participants provided data on ambulatory BP at 2.7 (range 2 - 4) measurements. We used generalized linear models to examine BP changes at retirement. The FIREA study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki declaration and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hospital District of Southwest Finland (ETMK: 84/1801/2014). All participants gave written informed consent. Results: Most marked changes in BP during the follow-up were observed for asleep SBP, which decreased before retirement, increased during retirement transition and plateaued after retirement (before retirement vs. retirement transition P = 0.07 and after retirement vs. retirement transition P = 0.02). Awake SBP and 24-h SBP declined with most apparent decrease before retirement (before retirement vs. retirement transition P = 0.07 and P = 0.07). Awake DBP and 24-h DBP showed relatively consistent decline throughout the follow-up with no differences between the time periods. SBP and DBP dipping reduced before and during retirement transition, but not after retirement. Among shift workers, asleep BP increased and BP dipping decreased more than in regular day workers. Conclusions: Retirement was found to associate with beneficial changes in awake BP but unfavourable changes in asleep BP, especially in shift workers.
[Functional somatic symptoms - short-term psychodynamic therapy can be helpful].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Patients with functional somatic symptoms or medically unexplained symptoms are very common in the healthcare system but they do not always receive adequate care or treatment. These patients struggle with a low quality of life and constitute a high cost to the healthcare system. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is a relatively common treatment intervention and helps many patients, but not all. Short-term psychodynamic therapy has recently been evaluated in several meta-analysis and have been found to be clearly effective. A major focus of short-term psychodynamic therapy is on emotional processing of stressful or traumatic life events. At present, these psychodynamic short-term therapies are not offered in regular care, despite the solid research support that exists. Short-term psychodynamic therapy should be considered a complement to the range of treatments that already exist for patients with functional somatic symptoms.
Protection of tryptophan with the formyl group in peptide synthesis

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProtection of tryptophan with the formyl group in peptide synthesisDonald Yamashiro and Choh Hao LiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 15, 2594–2597Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00955a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00955a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views817Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts