jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nutrient Composition, Physical and Sensory Characteristics of Bread Nutrified with Abattoir Waste

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Objective: The study was designed to determine nutrient composition, evaluate physical and organoleptic properties of bread incorporated with abattoir waste (blood meal) as protein and micronutrient fortifier. Methods: Fresh abattoir blood meal was collected from Anyigba abattoir, divided into two equal parts, one part kept frozen until used and the other prepared into powder (6.5% moisture content, 180 micron particle size) and packaged into heat sealed HDPE bag for use. Both liquid and powdered abattoir wastes were each incorporated into bread recipe at four (4) different levels: 5.0%, 7.5%, 10.0% and 12.5% of flour, and then baked into bread loaves, making eight experimental samples plus the control, using standard methods and procedures. The physical characteristics and chemical composition of the bread loaves were determined. Their sensory qualities as well as acceptability were also evaluated. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis.Results: Protein contents of experimental bread loaves increased with increase in abattoir waste levels from 8.98% - 13.31%, showing appreciable increase above 6.89% obtainable in conventional bread. Similarly, the range of values for micronutrients content of the experimental bread were: Fe (14.5-23.1 mg /100g), P (24.8-37.8mg/100g) and I2 (0.100-0.261 mg/100g).They also showed significant increases over and above the respective micronutrient contents of traditional bread. There were little or no variations in physical characteristics, except the weight of bread loaves. The crust and crumb colours of bread loaves containing liquid abattoir waste (at 5.0 – 12.5% levels) and powder (at 5.0% level) were more cherished, though significantly different (P<0.05) from the conventional loaf of bread. The taste and detectable flavour of all experimental bread samples were similar, with characteristic meat flavour, significantly different (P<0.05) from the control. Samples containing both liquid and dried abattoir waste at 5% and 7.5% levels had firm and brittle crumb similar to the conventional bread. Conclusion: It is possible to use liquid/dried abattoir blood meal to improve the protein and micronutrient (Fe, P, I2) contents of bread, also give acceptable novel bread product.
Oxygen-Generating Scaffolds for Cardiac Tissue Engineering Applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Homogeneous vascularization of implanted tissue constructs can extend to 5 weeks, during which cell death can occur due to inadequate availability of oxygen. Researchers are engineering biomaterials that generate and release oxygen in a regulated manner, in an effort to overcome this hurdle. A main limitation of the existing oxygen-generating biomaterials is the uncontrolled release of oxygen, which is ultimately detrimental to the cells. This study demonstrates the incorporation of calcium peroxide (CaO2) within a hydrophobic polymer, polycaprolactone (PCL), to yield composite scaffolds with controlled oxygen release kinetics sustained over 5 weeks. Oxygen-generating microparticles coencapsulated with cardiomyocytes in a gelatin-based hydrogel matrix can serve as model systems for cardiac tissue engineering. Specifically, the results reveal that the oxygen-generating microspheres significantly improve the scaffold mechanical strength ranging from 5 kPa to 35 kPa, have an average scaffold pore size of 50−100 μm, swelling ratios of 33.3−29.8%, and degradation with 10−49% remaining mass at the end of a 48 h accelerated enzymatic degradation. The oxygen-generating scaffolds demonstrate improvement in cell viability, proliferation, and metabolic activity compared to the negative control group when cultured under hypoxia. Additionally, the optimized oxygen-generating constructs display no cytotoxicity or apoptosis. These oxygen-generating scaffolds can possibly assist the in vivo translation of cardiac tissue constructs.
Apparent digestibility of proteinaceous feed ingredients from animal and plant origin for two tropical species snubnose pompano Trachinotus blochii and mangrove red snapper Lutjanus argentimaculatus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of protein and energy in a selection of ingredients of animal origin and plant origin were determined for snubnose pompano (Trachinotus blochii) and mangrove red snapper (Lutjanus argentimaculatus). Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) were determined using a reference diet with yttrium oxide as an inert marker and test diets that contained 70 % of basal mash and 30 % of the feed ingredient being evaluated. Snubnose pompano and mangrove red snapper with an initial average body weight of 733.1 ± 92.3 g and 386.7 ± 37.7 g respectively, were fed with the diets for a period of 7 days before collecting faecal samples. The fish were sedated, and faeces were carefully stripped. The faecal samples, ingredient samples, and the diets were subjected to chemical analysis to determine the content of yttrium, protein (nitrogen) and energy. Diet apparent digestibiltiy coefficients (DADC) were determined, and these DADC values were used to derive the ingredient apparent digestibiltiy coefficients (IADC) using the diet substitution approach methodology. Ingredient protein digesitbilities ranged from 82.9 % to 112.3 % in snubnose pomano and were typically higher for soybean meal (Sparos Lda), whereas in mangrove red snapper the ingredient protein digestibilities ranged between 52.1 % and 99.9 % and were typically higher for corn gluten meal (Arabian Agricultural Services Company, ARASCO). Ingredient energy digesitbilities for snubnose pompano ranged from 55.2 % to 115.6 % and were typically highest for wheat gluten (National Aquaculture, NAQUA), whereas ingredient energy digestibilities ranged between 40.3 % and 93.3 % in manrove red snapper and were typically higher for fishmeal (United Marine Products, UMP). In comparison between the two species, the analysis revealed a weak correlation in both diet and ingredient digestibilities for protein and energy. Consequently, the use of digestibility data within species at the same trophic level necessitates a prior assessment when other factors are involved.
A Modeling Programming Used OOP for Lattice Boom

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The combined jib of a crane is a complex system, its mechanical analysis modeling is difficult, and the efficiency is low. In this regard, it is researched that the object-oriented programming technique is applied to truss crane jib modeling. Proposing a generic modular truss jibs modeling based on parametric modeling for rapid modeling method and providing a new method for truss boom system simulation design is necessary. The development and design of truss boom system time can be greatly reduced by using the modeling method in the paper. The design efficiency can be improved significantly. This paper takes the VisualBasic as the programming platform making the truss boom of the all-terrain crane as an example to verify the effectiveness of the new modeling method.
Why Students Withdraw from Classes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Professors (N = 30) and students (N = 151) rated the importance of possible reasons for withdrawing from classes. Analysis of their responses to a 15-item questionnaire revealed a significant difference between students and faculty (p < .05) on 9 of 14 items (64%). A factor analysis identified two reasons why students withdrew from classes: personal considerations and course considerations. Professors indicated that students' personal reasons for course withdrawal were more important than students indicated them to be. The difference in these results suggests that more feedback should be provided to professors about why students withdraw from courses.
Exploring Spirituality as a Source of Women's Strength

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Spirituality plays an important role in human life, including women’s gender. Writing this articles aims to find out more how spirituality can be a source of strength for women in crrying out their daily lives. The method used in writing this articles is literature study or literature review. The result of this research is that trough spirituality, women can build self-confidence, find valuable values within themselves, and fight for rights and equality in various fielda. The development of one’s spirituality can go through certain stages. The development of spirituality in individuals is influenced by Vario factors, both internal and external.
Influence mechanism of digitalization on low-carbon economic development efficiency: An empirical analysis based on Zhejiang province

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

As a key factor of production, digitalization has been integrated into the goals of green and low-carbon development, driving improvements in low-carbon economic development efficiency. Using panel data from nine prefecture-level cities in Zhejiang province, this study constructs an econometric model to empirically analyze the impact of digitalization levels on low-carbon economic development efficiency and its underlying mechanisms. The findings reveal the following four aspects. First, digitalization significantly enhances low-carbon economic development efficiency, with all four sub-dimensions of digitalization demonstrating positive effects. Among these, digital infrastructure exerts the strongest influence. Second, both overall digitalization and its four sub-dimensions indirectly improve low-carbon economic efficiency by reducing energy consumption intensity and promoting industrial structure upgrading, confirming their significant mediating roles. Third, the synergy between digitalization (and three of its sub-dimensions, excluding digital penetration rate) and energy consumption intensity further boosts low-carbon economic efficiency. Fourth, the synergy between digitalization (including all four sub-dimensions) and industrial structure upgrading consistently enhances low-carbon economic performance. Based on these findings, the study proposes tailored policy recommendations to leverage digitalization for advancing low-carbon economic development efficiency in Zhejiang province.
Punching shear in concrete flat slabs supported on slender edge steel columns

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Punching shear is a failure mechanism caused by concentrated loads, creating a crack pattern that resembles a cone shape or piece of pie starting from the top surface of the slab and prolongs downwards. When the total shear force is greater than the shear resistance of the slab, it may eventually lead to punching shear failure. It can be visualized as the column punches through the slab. Punching shear is very brittle and occurs all of a sudden. It is believed that the slab is subjected to hogging moments over the column in both directions, i.e. parallel and perpendicular to the free edge. Non-linear finite element analyses (NLFEA) has been used to study the cracking and failure mechanism for the reinforced slab. It is a slab over the edge support without clamping stiffness, therefore simulating the slab shear mechanism over a slender steel column is carried out in this study. The analyses has been performed using the software ATENA 3D Engineering developed by Červenka Consulting. Since the symmetry has been taken into account over an edge column, only one half of the cross-section has been modeled, with a symmetry line passing vertically through the slab and column. It can be summarized that the failure encountered around the column has a conical shape crack pattern similar to the ones encountered when punching shear occurs. However, it is important to note that this failure is not due to classic punching shear, but instead due to shear cracks developing around the column in both directions, both parallel and perpendicular to the free-edge. Three models (C1, C2, and C3) are studied to evaluate the impact that the length of the lower leg of the c-bar reinforcement has during failure. As mentioned earlier above, the crack propagation during punching shear begins from the upper surface of the slab and prolongs downwards diagonally towards the bottom of the slab and adjacent to the column. However, the crack propagation in the strip perpendicular to the free edge in all three models initiate from the bottom and propagate upwards. It can be concluded that the length reduction of the lower leg of the c-bars as a consequence reduced the shear strength capacity of the slab around the steel-plate. The reason for this is due to a reduction in maximum peak load when the lower leg of the c-bars were reduced. Consequently, this leads to a decrease in shear strength capacity of the slab and an earlier failure, where the inner-span was not able to take additional loads which could have led to greater deflections.
A case series of bread clip ingestions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The bread clip is one of the most insidious foreign body ingested. The bread clip poses a serious medical danger to patients yet may often fail to manifest itself clinically on initial ingestion. We present a case series of three patients with bread clips ingestions that were managed in the Gold Coast University Hospital, Queensland, Australia between 2020 and 2021. Bread clips are not always readily identifiable depending on imaging and the management of these patients will often require a multidisciplinary approach between the surgeons, gastroenterologists and radiologists.
Mycoleptones\nA–C and Polyketides from the Endophyte <i>Mycoleptodiscus\nindicus</i>

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Three new azaphilones with an unusual\nmethylene bridge, named mycoleptones\nA, B, and C (<b>2</b>, <b>4</b>, and <b>5</b>),\nwere isolated from cultures of <i>Mycoleptodiscus indicus</i>, a fungus associated with the South American medicinal plant <i>Borreria verticillata</i>. Additionally, four known polyketides,\naustdiol (<b>1</b>), eugenitin (<b>3</b>), 6-methoxyeugenin\n(<b>6</b>), and 9-hydroxyeugenin (<b>7</b>), were also\nisolated. The structural characterization of compounds was carried\nout by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high-resolution mass\nspectrometry, electronic circular dichroism spectroscopy, time-dependent\ndensity functional theory calculations, and X-ray crystallography.\nCompounds <b>1</b>–<b>9</b> were weakly active\nwhen tested in antileishmanial and cytotoxicity assays.
Rita McGrath: anticipating and exploiting strategic inflection points

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose An interview with Rita McGrath a pioneer of “discovery-driven planning,” now widely recognized as one of the most effective approaches for strategy development in the face of uncertainty. Design/methodology/approach Her research and experience interacting with executive teams positions her to offer corporate leaders practical perspectives and advice on how to approach strategically the great opportunities and dangers that lie ahead in this VUCA environment. Findings Major inflection points that create real change unfold gradually, then suddenly. Because they do take a while to unfold, an astute strategist who was paying attention to the signs could take advantage of the inflection. The future doesn’t happen all at once. It begins to unfold unevenly, and if you can “interview” where it is starting to take place now, you can begin to develop an early point of view about it. Practical implications There’s no substitute for watching how customers interact with your product or service and listening to their conversations about their experience. Originality/value McGrath’s thesis is when an inflection point does indeed reach a tipping point, it can feel as though it came out of nowhere. Her advice: if you are making a series of small options-style investments that are at the “edges” of your mainstream activities, you are likely to pick up on weak signals that allow you to, in an optimistic scenario, surf along an inflection point so that when the opportunity presents itself, you can move with speed to capture an advantage.
DEPRESSION, ALCOHOL ABUSE, AND SUICIDE RISK

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Depression and other mood disorders have been identified as risk factors for suicide across the lifespan. 1-3 American Indian and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) are at particularly high risk of depression. In 2006, among U.S. adults ages 18 and over, AI/ANs had the highest rate of a major depressive episode (MDE) and adolescent AI/ANs (aged 12 to 17 years old) had the highest lifetime MDE prevalence at 13.3%. 4 Studies have shown an association between problem alcohol behaviors and suicide or suicidal behaviors such as thoughts, plans and attempts. These behaviors have a high prevalence in AI/AN populations. 5, 6 In a multi-state study of suicide decedents, the rate of positive blood alcohol findings was 37 % among AI/ANs, the highest of any ethnic group. 7 Known suicide risks include: Personal or family history of mental or alcohol/substance abuse disorder, access to lethal means and insufficient social support. Suicide risks for AI/ANs in particular include cultural distress and feelings of hopelessness, isolation, alienation, experiences of discrimination and racism and related stress, low use of mental health services, historical trauma, acculturation and socioeconomic factors such as poverty and 8, 9 unemployment. Known protective factors for suicide risks include: Effective medical care, restricted access to lethal means and family and/or community support. Additional protective factors for AI/ ANs include: Cultural continuity, spirituality, traditional healing practices, family connectedness and the opportunity to discuss problems with family or friends. 8 Mental health, substance abuse and suicide prevention resources for AI/ANs are available from several sources: American Indian / Alaska Native Suicide Prevention
A new incremental algorithm for computing Groebner bases

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we present a new algorithm for computing Gröbner bases. Our algorithm is incremental in the same fashion as F5 and F5C. At a typical step, one is given a Gröbner basis G for an ideal I and any polynomial g, and it is desired to compute a Gröbner basis for the new ideal , obtained from I by joining g. Let (I: g) denote the colon ideal of I divided by g. Our algorithm computes Gröbner bases for and (I: g) simultaneously. In previous algorithms, S-polynomials that reduce to zero are useless, in fact, F5 tries to avoid such reductions as much as possible. In our algorithm, however, these "useless" S-polynomials give elements in (I: g) and are useful in speeding up the subsequent computations. Computer experiments on some benchmark examples indicate that our algorithm is much more efficient (two to ten times faster) than F5 and F5C.
Theoretical Infrared Spectra: Quantitative Similarity Measures and Force Fields

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Infrared spectroscopy can provide significant insight into the structures and dynamics of molecules of all sizes. The information that is contained in the spectrum is, however, often not easily extracted without the aid of theoretical calculations or simulations. We present here the calculation of the infrared spectra of a database of 703 gas phase compounds with four different force fields (CGenFF, GAFF-BCC, GAFF-ESP, and OPLS) using normal-mode analysis. Modern force fields increasingly use virtual sites to describe, e.g., lone-pair electrons or the σ-holes on halogen atoms. This requires some adaptation of code to perform normal-mode analysis of such compounds, the implementation of which into the GROMACS software is briefly described as well. For the quantitative comparison of the obtained spectra with experimental reference data, we discuss the application of two different statistical correlation coefficients, Pearson and Spearman. The advantages and drawbacks of the different methods of comparison are discussed, and we find that both methods of comparison give the same overall picture, showing that present force field methods cannot match the performance of quantum chemical methods for the calculation of infrared spectra.
Temporal effects with single- and multiple-band maskers: Effects of level.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The temporal effect with broadband maskers was dubbed ‘‘overshoot’’ by Zwicker in 1965. Recent experiments suggest that frequency regions quite remote from the signal frequency are important for this effect. The purpose of the present study was to determine which frequency region(s) might be responsible for the observation [S. P. Bacon, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 88, 698–702 (1990)] that overshoot is nonmonotonic with masker level. The signal was a 10-ms, 4.0-kHz sinusoid presented 1 or 195 ms after the onset of the 400-ms masker. The spectrum level of the masker ranged from −5 to 55 dB. Four masker configurations were employed: lower band (LB, 2.5 to 3.5 kHz), middle band (MB, 3.5 to 4.5 kHz), upper band (UB, 4.5 to 5.5 kHz), and all band (AB, 2.5 to 5.5 kHz). There was a significant temporal effect for all but the MB; it was monotonic with level for the UB, but nonmonotonic for the LB and AB, suggesting that the LB contributes most to the nonmonotonic effect in the AB condition. Preliminary analyses suggest that at low levels (where the temporal effect exists in the AB condition) the masking by the individual bands is combining in a much more nonlinear fashion at the 1-ms delay. [Work supported by NIDCD.]
[Pathology of vasculitis: differential diagnosis and selected disorders].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The morphological diagnosis of vasculitis is a challenge for the pathologist for many reasons. Primary systemic vasculitides are rare diseases (ann. incidence 4-5/100,000 according to the Vaskulitis-Register Schleswig-Holstein), pathognomonic histopathological findings are hard to obtain in many patients even with multiple biopsies, and the nomenclature of vasculitis has long been confusing and unequivocal. The Chapel-Hill Consensus Conference (1992) is credited with the establishment of clinico-pathological definitions for primary systemic vasculitides. For the discrimination of primary systemic vasculitis from secondary vasculitis as well as pseudovasculitic syndromes, correlation with clinical data is essential; it has been facilitated by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria (1990). Differential diagnostic schemes for vasculitis are based on the predominant type and size of the blood vessel involved, as well as the histopathological type of inflammation and the presence or absence of immune complex deposits. However, differential diagnostic problems remain: even with the clarified nomenclature of Chapel-Hill, considerable overlap still occurs. A clinical diagnosis of vasculitis is now often established in an earlier disease stadium, in part of the cases facilitated by ANCA testing; the pathologist may therefore at first be confronted with a more subtle or abortive morphology, while in the course of disease, histopathology is modulated by immunosuppressive therapy. A number of immunopathogenic mechanisms prevailing in vasculitis can be verified with immunohistochemical and molecular biological methods, although it is frequently not known how they are initiated and perpetuated. ANCA-associated vasculitides serve as a good example to demonstrate the central role of morphology, its potentials but also its limitations in the differential diagnosis of vasculitis.