jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Efficient spin to charge conversion and spin memory loss mitigation in oriented $\text{RuO}_2$ films

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

$\text{RuO}_2$, a transition metal oxide, is attracting attention in spintronics for its unique altermagnetic properties, which influence spin currents. Its ability to produce large spin-orbit torques and spin Hall effects is key for energy-efficient magnetic memory and logic devices. Additionally, the tunable thickness and crystallinity of $\text{RuO}_2$ thin films optimize torque efficiency for low-power switching. Spin pumping, a versatile method for investigating spin dynamics in $\text{RuO}_2$ thin films, has garnered considerable interest because of its straightforward, non-invasive and uncomplicated approach to addressing impedance mismatch and direct measurement of spintronic parameters. Here we present a systematic and detailed analysis on the efficient spin to charge conversion in (110)-oriented $\text{RuO}_2$ films with amorphous CoFeB as spin source. The spin Hall angle, and spin diffusion length were estimated to be 0.14 $\pm$ 0.01 and 4.58 $\pm$ 0.40 nm, respectively. The spin Hall conductivity of 998.89 $\pm$ 58.23 $\hbar \cdot \frac{Ω^{-1} \, \text{cm}^{-1}}{e}$ has been estimated which is theoretically predicted to be of the similar order. The interfacial spin transparency has been achieved to be 90%. We have shown that the spin memory loss at the $\text{RuO}_2$/CoFeB interface is 15%, which is very small.
[The clinical and hemodynamic effects of propionyl-L-carnitine in the treatment of congestive heart failure].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In order to evaluate the clinical and hemodynamic effects of propionyl-L-carnitine (PLC) a randomized, double-blind study versus placebo was performed in 50 patients of both sexes, between 48 and 69 years of age, affected by mild-moderate congestive heart failure. All patients participating in said study were on digitalis and diuretic treatment. 25 of these belonged to the control group, while the other 25 were treated with an oral dose of 1 g b.i.d of propionyl-L-carnitine. At the end of six months of treatment maximum exercise time on the treadmill increased 11.1% after 90 days and 16.4% after 180 in the group treated with PLC. From a hemodynamic standpoint, after 30, 90 and 180 days the ejection fraction increased by 7.3%, 10.7% and 12.1%. At the same time, moreover, the systemic vascular resistances were reduced by 14.9%, 20% and 20.6%. In the patients treated with placebo, however, the above-mentioned parameters showed no significant variation. Finally, no unexpected events or toxic effects were observed in any of the patients in either group. As a consequence of these results it is possible to affirm that propionyl-L-carnitine, due to its clinical and hemodynamic effects, represents a drug of notable therapeutic interest in patients with congestive heart failure, in whom it may be usefully combined with the usual pharmacological therapy.
CALCULATION OF ENERGY SAVING WHEN USING A HEAT PUMP UNIT IN SOLAR GREENHOUSES

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The article discusses energy-saving issues and schematic diagrams in solar greenhouses' heat-cooling supply systems using heat pump installations. The main directions of energy saving have been identified and an alternative system of heat-cooling supply of a solar greenhouse with a heat pump installation has been developed. Shown questions energy savings are considered in the system heat chill of the provision vegetable vault with the use of heat pumping installation. Based on the research analysis, existing systems heat chill of the provision solar greenhouse revealed main trends in energy savings and is designed alternative system heat chill of the provision solar greenhouse with heat by pumping installation.
Chemical control of pulmonary ventilation during short-term intermittent activity and recovery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) is one of important factors in Chemical mechanism of ventilation (VE) control that its direct or indirect effect on VE or its lack of influence is still under discussion. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of PaCO2 on VE during short-term intermittent activity and during recovery after this activity and to investigate time lag in stimulation of VE by PaCO2. Methods: Ten inactive male subjects performed a short-term intermittent activity (10 sec) with work load of 200 watts that induces condition in which only PaCO2 among all chemical factors is changed. VE and gas exchange data were measured continuously during rest, warming up, activity and recovery periods. PaCO2 was predicted from PETCO2 and tidal volume (VT). Cross correlation was obtained for showing correlation coefficient between VE and predicted PaCO2considering various time lags. Results: The amount of Predicted PaCO2 was significantly higher than warming up levels from 14 sec to 28 sec during recovery and the amount of VE was significantly higher than warming up levels from 14 sec to 90 sec during recovery (p < 0.05) and the highest correlation coefficient between VE and predicted PaCO2 was obtained in time lag of 7s (r=0.854). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that in inactive males PaCO2 stimulate VE during short-term intermittent activity and during recovery after that and there is a time lag of 7 sec in stimulation of VE by PaCO2.
Isolated ventricular septal defect in adults. Clinical and haemodynamic findings.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Clinical and haemodynamic findings were reviewed in 109 consecutive patients in whom an isolated ventricular septal defect was diagnosed after the age of 15 years (range 15-65 years). Most patients had no or minor cardiac symptoms. Based on the left to right shunt size and pulmonary pressure, 32 (29%) patients had large and 75 (69%) small ventricular septal defects, whereas in two (2%) patients data were insufficiently complete for determining the size. The anatomical location was membranous in 92% and muscular in 8% of the 51 patients in whom this could be assessed from a left ventricular angiogram or the surgeon's report of a subsequent operation, or both. Nine (8%) patients had developed the Eisenmenger syndrome, 12 had aortic regurgitation, and 16 (15%) had bacterial endocarditis, the incidence of the latter being 5.7 per 1000 patient years. Of the 34 (31%) patients who underwent surgery, five (15%) died while in hospital. In contrast with reports from paediatric series our study in adults showed a predominance of small ventricular septal defects and a high frequency of irreversible pulmonary hypertension and serious complications, such as aortic regurgitation and bacterial endocarditis. Thus ventricular septal defects in adults should--regardless of symptoms--be looked on as potentially serious.
The Network Species Model

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We propose a theoretical model for species that is focused on intrinsic organization and processes. Specifically, we regard species to be networks of organisms integrated by reproductive mechanisms (e.g., conjugation, meiosis, syngamy) regardless of degree or type of divergence, longevity, size, fate, or other criteria. Ramifications of viewing units of diversity in terms of inherent organization include the following: (1) Species, subspecies, population, deme, Evolutionary Significant Unit (ESU), and related terms cannot be distinguished on the basis of inherent organization and, consequently, do not reflect a hierarchy of organization. In other words, only one model is required to explain systems composed of organisms. (2) Temporarily isolated networks of organisms possess the same intrinsic organization and, therefore, the same ontological status as permanently isolated systems. (3) Units of diversity are recognized regardless of kind or degree of divergence. (4) Fate is not an intrinsic property of systems and is an inappropriate consideration in species models. (5) Networks are recognized at the moment they become isolated; therefore, resultant classifications reflect the causal events that generate diversity (e.g., vicariance) rather than post-vicariance events such as character evolution and, consequently, have greater historical relevance (e.g., biogeography). (6) Because the proposed model is based on organization, it is similar to models in other disciplines (e.g., astronomy, chemistry, and physics) and should lead to greater unification of thought within biology and among scientific disciplines. (7) Lineage concepts are problematic because they do not describe a unique level of biological organization and because ancestor-descendant relationships are not unique to living systems.
Sustainable Development Indicators: Regional Dimension

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper shows the need for the development and widespread use of sustainable development indicators for the regions. Drawing on global and Russia’s experience, the authors suggest perspective indicators of sustainability for Russian regions and analyze possible approaches to the elaboration of indicators for the regions on the basis of the adaptation of the World Bank adjusted net savings index and the UN Millennium Development Goals. Adequate accounting of indicators, which are currently undervalued or not considered, can lead to the revision of the mediumand long-term goals for regional development.
Collisionless and hydrodynamic excitations of trapped boson-fermion mixtures

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Within a scaling ansatz formalism plus Thomas-Fermi approximation, we investigate the collective excitations of a harmonically trapped boson-fermion mixture in the collisionless and hydrodynamic limit at low temperature. Both the monopole and quadrupole modes are considered in the presence of spherical as well as cylindrically symmetric traps. In the spherical traps, the frequency of monopole mode coincides in the collisionless and hydrodynamic regime, suggesting that it might be undamped in all collisional regimes. In contrast, for the quadrupole mode, the frequency differs largely in these two limits. In particular, we find that in the hydrodynamic regime the quadrupole oscillations with equal bosonic and fermionic amplitudes generate an exact eigenstate of the system, regardless of the boson-fermion interaction. This resembles the Kohn mode for the dipole excitation. We discuss in some detail the behavior of monopole and quadrupole modes as a function of boson-fermion coupling at different boson-boson interaction strength. Analytic solutions valid at weak and medium fermion-boson coupling are also derived and discussed.
Mathematics Teacher Education in a Globalized Age

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Globalization has a significant bearing on mathematics teacher education and there is need for a comprehensive restructuring to meet the demands of the interconnected world. This study advocates for a paradigm shift that encompasses cross-cultural competencies, linguistic diversity, and a nuanced understanding of global educational trends. It further highlights the significant influence of virtual learning environments (VLEs) in responding to the challenges posed by globalization and emphasizes the synergy between VLEs and heutagogical practices. Drawing from the cited case studies and other existing literature, this chapter underscores the departure from conventional pedagogical methods towards a learner-cantered, self-determined approach. The chapter concludes by discussing the far-reaching implications for policy, practice, and theory, urging stakeholders to recognize the benefits of heutagogy in preparing mathematics teachers for the complexities of the twenty-first century teaching and learning.
The Union Wage Effect Re-Examined

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this paper, the authors extend the literature on union wage effect in two ways. They use aggregate industry data in a simultaneous-equations model to provide an estimate for the union wage effect in Canada which recognizes the endogenity of union coverages. And they suggest a possible cause for the difference in results obtained for the U.S. by Ashenfelter and Johnson, on the one hand, and Kahn on the other.
The apparent temperature sensitivity (Q10) of peat soil respiration:&#160;A synthesis study

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The temperature sensitivity (Q10) of soil respiration is a critical parameter in modeling soil carbon dynamics; yet the regulating factors and the underlying mechanisms of Q10 in peat soils remain unclear. To address this gap, we conducted a comprehensive synthesis data analysis from 87 peatland sites (361 observations) spanning boreal, temperate, and tropical zones, and investigated the spatial distribution pattern of Q10 and its correlation with climate conditions, soil properties, and hydrology. Findings revealed distinct Q10 values across climate zones: boreal peatlands exhibited the highest Q10, trailed by temperate and then tropical peatlands. Latitude presented a positive correlation with Q10, while mean annual air temperature and precipitation revealed a negative correlation. A noteworthy discovery was the pronounced negative relationship between the soil carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N) and Q10, echoing the carbon-quality temperature hypothesis that decomposition is more temperature-sensitive in low-quality than in high-quality carbon. However, the relationship between C/N and Q10 varied significantly between peat types. Our data analyses also revealed that Q10 was influenced by soil moisture levels, with significantly lower values observed for peat soils under wet than dry conditions. Essentially, boreal and temperate peatlands seem more vulnerable to global warming-induced soil organic carbon decomposition than tropical counterparts, with wet peatlands showing higher climate resilience.
Intergenerational Transmission of Deficits In Self-Regulatory Control

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Self-regulatory deficits are common across a variety of childhood psychiatric disorders in which children have difficulty regulating their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. By leveraging previously collected prenatal and neonatal data and acquiring new data from mother-infant dyads, this study will identify circuit-based markers of regulatory deficits that are passed inter-generationally, and persist from infancy to childhood. We will enroll 15-45 year-old pregnant women mothers, approximately 75 percent Latina, who are receiving health care from our ur-ban medical center, a sample that is underrepresented in U.S. biomedical research and facing significant psy-chosocial adversity. Age-appropriate measures of regulatory control processes will be acquired from their off-spring at 4- and 14-months and during preschool and school age, including resting-state fMRI data from neo-nates and both resting and task-based fMRI data from school-aged children who were previously scanned as neonates. Behavioral measures of regulatory capacity and resting and task-based fMRI will also be acquired from the mothers, allowing us to associate maternal-neonatal indices of self-regulatory control. Thus, this study will uncover trajectories of control processes and circuits from infancy to school age and the intergenerational transmission of regulatory deficits from mothers to offspring. Findings will set the stage for future research aimed at engaging these circuits as targets for strategies to prevent the risk for future maladaptive behaviors and at identifying prenatal mechanisms underlying the intergenerational transmission of regulatory deficits, such as epigenetic and stress-mediated biological alterations. This study supports the NIMH strategic objective to chart mental illness trajectories to determine when, where, and how to intervene by elucidating the develop-ment of regulatory control across the first decade of life. This study also supports both the NIH BRAIN and pre-cision medicine initiatives by evaluating the functional organization of control circuits across family generations and longitudinally, as well as using a novel imaging method to predict behavioral outcomes.
Can we study the family environment through census data? A comparison of households, dwellings, and domestic units in rural Mali

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Are 'statistical households', as defined in national censuses, able to describe the family environment in Africa? Do they correspond to the family units that individuals identify with? To address this issue, we build on a follow-up survey in south-east Mali, which links national censuses with local censuses at the individual level (N ≈ 28,000 census observations). Three cross-sectional snapshots of family arrangements are compared: households recorded in national censuses, and family economic units and residential units recorded by local censuses. The national census household data appear poorly suited to documenting family living arrangements. They do not account for family economic units or residential units, but are highly conditioned by a normative representation centred on the nuclear family. Therefore, they fail to describe the complexity and diversity of people's living spaces, making particular types of living arrangements invisible and increasing the likelihood of omitting individuals who do not fit into a nuclear model.
Anti-obesity effect of polymeric microparticles containing capsaicinoids

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Capsaicinoids increase energy expenditure by about 50 kcal/day and can produce a clinically significant weight loss. However, the oral use of capsaicinoids is limited due to their pungency that can induce increased salivation, gastric secretion, and gastrointestinal disorders. In that sense, the aim of this work was to obtain and characterize capsaicinoids-loaded polycaprolactone (PCL) microparticles and to evaluate their anti-obesity potential using monosodium L-glutamate (MSG)-induced obese rats. PCL microparticles containing capsaicinoids were successfully prepared by simple emulsion/solvent evaporation. Micrometer-sized formulations with high drug-loading efficiencies were achieved. Considering the raw materials bands, no changes in FTIR assignments were recorded after the microencapsulation procedure. XRPD patterns and DSC analyses demonstrated that microencapsulation led to drug amorphization. PCL microparticles provided a remarkable decrease of dissolution rate of capsaicinoids without changing its biexponential release kinetic. In addition, capsaicinoids-loaded PCL microparticles played a positive role in decreasing Lee index, mesenteric and retroperitoneal fat deposits in obese rats. In summary, these formulations are feasible oral carriers for controlled release of capsaicinoids as an innovative strategy of low irritative effect for long-term use in obesity. This study was supported by Fundação Araucária (Brazil).
Beams generation by aperture field spectra

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This paper discusses a novel method for computing aperture radiated fields by means of two new types of circular domain beams with azimuthally phase variation. These circular domain beams rigorously respect the wave equation and in their vector form, Maxwell's equations. The beam expansion of an aperture radiated field is simply obtained by first expanding the field spectrum in the aperture plane in terms of an angular Fourier series and next representing the radial spectral coefficients in terms of complex exponentials obtained by the Generalized Pencil-of-Function method (GPOF) method. The starting radiation integral is this way reduced to a double sum of wave objects which can be computed analytically in both space and spectral domain. The vector form can be obtained through the use of vector potentials. This paper will only deal with the development and the propagation of the new wave objects. An example is presented to shows how the two different typologies of these new wave objects can be used to reconstruct the near and far field radiated by a circular apertures. The results are compared to those obtained via direct integration of the radiation integral. The comparison with other beam expansion will be presented in the final paper.
DNA variation in humans and its implications for human evolution

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract A knowledge of the extent and pattern of genetic variability in natural populations is a prerequisite for understanding the mechanism of evolution. For this reason, electrophoresis was used extensively from the late 1960s to the early 1980s as a simple, convenient technique for studying the genetic variability in natural populations (see reviews by Lewontin 1974; Nei 1975). In view of the tremendous progress in recombinant DNA techniques one would expect that some of these techniques would have been heavily used to study DNA variation in natural populations. Unfortunately, this has not been the case.
Anti-proliferative effects of Pouzolzia indica on acute promyelocytic cell lines: NB4 and HT93A

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Pouzolzia indica Gaudich. var. angustifolia Wedd., a Thai medicinal plant in the Urticaceae family, has long been used as one of the components in Thai herbal remedies for treating various malignant diseases. The antiproliferative activity of extracts obtained from this plant on acute promyelocytic cell lines, NB4 and HT93A, was investigated. It was found that a methanol fraction of the stems and leaves of this plant inhibited cell proliferation of NB4 and HT93A cells with IC 50 values of 28.5 ± 0.1 and 49.8 ± 0.7 µg/ml respectively. NB4 cells (3.2 % to 22.22 %) treated with 75 µg/ml of this fraction for 24 hr underwent apoptosis compared with untreated cells whereas HT93A cells (3.02 % to 51.34 %) treated with 150 µg/ml of this fraction underwent apoptosis compared with the control cells. These results suggest that elucidation of the active chemicals in this herb will be valuable.
Development of a data platform for the Cultural Heritage Project Maulbronn Monastery

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

[EN] The monastery of Maulbronn is one of the most important monasteries in Germany and \nit has been declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1993. It is located at \nMaulbronn, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. \nThere have been numerous works of the Monastery and there are a lot of different types \nof data. Thus, a management platform for the administration and visualizations of this \nvaluable treasure of data set is needed. These different types of data, which are \nexplained in the following chapter. \nSince several years the Faculty of Information Management and Media is working in the \nfield of data acquisition and visualization with the Maulbronn monastery, for that reason, \ndifferent alternatives will be studied to see which one is the most appropriate to perform \na Geoportal or Platform for data management. Later the platform will be developed with \nthe solution that has more benefits for our purpose. \nTo make a complete analysis, the first step is to study examples of platforms or \nGeoportals already created that have the same objective as this. Then, all the \nfunctionalities and options that the Geoportal should have are defined. Finally, a detailed \nanalysis will be done to reach the conclusion of the most optimal solution. \nThe last step is the creation of the application or Geoportal, publish some data and leave \nit ready to start working with it.
Diagnostic and treatment of Zenker's diverticulum: review of our series pharyngo-esophageal diverticula.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cricopharyngeus myotomy is the main surgical technique, however, in diverticula longer than 3 cm of diameter it is mandatory to associate diverticulectomy. Diverticulopexy is indicated in patients of advanced age with a high surgical risk. Local or regional anaesthesia facilitates the identification of the diverticulum intraoperatively and reduce the mean postoperative stay, however, there is no statistical significant difference.