jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Field Project in Junior High School Mathematics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The idea is rapidly gaining recognition that elementary mathematics would profit greatly from the introduction of field and laboratory work. Arithmetic has too often been taught as a skill unrelated to life outside the classroom. If arithmetic is to be fully meaningful, greater care must be taken to assure understandings that function in daily life. In this paper is presented a unit of work that was carried out with pupils on the eighth grade level in which they were taken out of the classroom for observation and first hand information.
Estimating and planning hospital costs of public hospitals in Brazil

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract While the estimate of hospital costs concerns the past, its planning focuses on the future. However, in many low and middle‐income countries, public hospitals do not have robust accounting health systems to evaluate and project their expenses. In Brazil, public hospitals are funded based on government estimates of available hospital infrastructure, historical expenditures and population needs. However, these pieces of information are not always readily available for all hospitals. To solve this challenge, we propose a flexible simulation‐based optimisation algorithm that integrates this dual task: estimating and planning hospital costs. The method was applied to a network of 17 public hospitals in Brazil to produce the estimates. Setting the model parameters for population needs and future hospital infrastructure can be used as a cost‐projection tool for divestment, maintenance, or investment. Results show that the method can aid health managers in hospitals' global budgeting and policymakers in improving fairness in hospitals' financing.
Superparamagnetic graphene oxide–Fe3O4 nanoparticles hybrid for controlled targeted drug carriers

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A superparamagnetic graphene oxide –Fe3O4nanoparticles hybrid (GO–Fe3O4) was prepared via a simple and effective chemical precipitation method. The amount of loading of Fe3O4 on GO was estimated as 18.6 wt% by atomic absorption spectrometry. The hybrid was then loaded with doxorubicin hydrochloride (DXR) and the loading capacity was as high as 1.08 mg mg−1. Both of the GO–Fe3O4 hybrids before and after loading with DXR can be dispersed well in aqueous solution. They can congregate under acidic conditions and move regularly under the force of an external magnet. Furthermore, the aggregated hybrid can be redispersed to form a stable suspension under basic conditions. These properties make it a potential candidate for controlled targeted drug delivery and release.
Goal Orientation Differentiation in Visually Impaired Athletes, by Level of Visual Impairment

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Introduction: Athletes, who aim for even more perfection at every turn, have some orientations while achieving these goals. These orientations have been aimed to be explained with the goal orientation theory for many years. This study aims to examine the task orientation and ego orientation of visually impaired futsal players based on the level of their impairment. Methods: The sample of the study consisted of 54 visually impaired male athletes (64.8%-B2, 35.2%-B3) who participated in B2–B3 Futsal 2nd League matches in the 2018–2019 season. The Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire was used as the data collection tool in the research ( Toros, 2004 ). The data were analyzed using Mann–Whitney U test. Results: Within the scope of the research, it was found that the task orientation of the athletes with B2-level visual impairment was higher than that of the athletes with B3-level visual impairment. However, this difference was not statistically significant ( p > 05). In terms of ego orientation, on the other hand, it was determined that the ego orientation of the athletes with B3-level visual impairment was significantly higher than the athletes with B2-level visual impairment ( p < .05). Discussion: In this study, considering that athletes with B3-level visual impairment (whose vision is better than B2 athletes) perceive themselves as more competent, it may be better understood why their ego orientation scores were higher. Ego orientation here is associated with visual acuity and, therefore, self-efficacy. Implications for practitioners: In future studies, goal-orientation theory may be examined for visually impaired athletes in different sports branches (for visually impaired people, e.g., athletics, B1 football, B2-B3 futsal, goalball, judo, swimming, and weightlifting). Besides, the relevant theory would become stronger when different disability groups in the sports environment are brought into research.
OEDOMETRIC BEHAVIOR OF SOIL-DIATOM MIXTURES BEFORE FRUSTULE CRACKING

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this research is the characterization of the effects of diatom content on the consolidation of soil-diatom mixtures before the breakage of frustule particles.Results of implemented laboratory tests that characterized the compressibility of soil mixtures made of fine-grained soil and Cyclotella Distinguenda diatoms were analyzed to define the physical properties of specimens including water content by mass, Casagrande test, specific gravity, and grain size distribution.Moreover, the compressibility was evaluated using a one-dimensional oedometer test.The compressibility index of the samples decreased as the diatom content increased.Additionally, the coefficient of consolidation increases at higher diatom contents, leading to a faster process of pore water dissipation.Regarding those two parameters, this behavior is associated with a higher diameter of diatom particles when compared to clay soils.This bigger diameter influences the frictional characteristic of the soil samples, giving them sand-like properties for low confinement pressures.Indeed, the compressibility index decreases from 0.27 with a diatom content of 0% to 0.08when the diatom content are 60%.The tests evaluated the properties of soil-diatom mixtures with uncracked frustules showing a different behavior when compared to oedometer reports of diatom-soil mixtures.
Over-educating the World? Exploring a Taboo in the International Development Discourse.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Mass education is now a worldwide feature of modern nation-states. This is true for primary and secondary education and increasingly for higher education and more recently lifelong learning. Strongly standardized forms of school organization, curriculum and educational purposes have spread rapidly throughout the world often highly detached from local realities and with clear signs of over-education, which can only be explained if education is understood as an ideology promoted at the world cultural level by international organizations. These are the main tenets of neoinstitutionalist world polity research on global educational expansion and will serve as a theoretical frame for this paper, which is based on qualitative analysis of education documents from a wide array of international organizations.
Plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factors among healthy adult men and postmenopausal women: associations with body composition, lifestyle, and reproductive factors.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

As evidence builds for cancer risk associated with insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (BPs), capitalizing on such associations for cancer prevention requires identifying the determinants of IGF levels. We measured plasma IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGF BP-3 in a cross-section of 210 men and 171 postmenopausal women enrolled in research as healthy controls. Using linear regression adjusted for age and ethnicity, we evaluated associations between IGF and IGF BP levels and gender, height, body mass index (BMI), smoking, caloric intake, physical activity, and reproductive factors. As expected, women using hormone replacement therapy (HRT) recently had significantly lower IGF-I levels than nonusers. Overall, IGF-I and IGF BP-3 levels did not differ by gender, although men had significantly higher molar ratios of IGF-I to IGF BP-3 and lower plasma IGF-II than women without recent HRT use. For men, BMI was a better predictor of IGF-I levels than height, whereas for women, height was more important. Lower IGF-II levels for both genders were associated with higher BMI and lower physical activity. Lower physical activity was associated with lower IGF BP-3 levels among men. Miscarriage number and menopausal age were positively associated with IGF BP-3 levels. HRT use strongly depressed IGF-I levels among smokers, and additional analysis revealed no remarkable associations. Caloric intake was negatively associated with IGF-I levels among men. Results for ratios of IGF-I and IGF-II to IGF BP-3 generally reflected those for IGF-I and IGF-II levels, respectively. In conclusion, whereas some traditional cancer risk factors were associated with IGF levels, altogether, they accounted for <15% of the total variability in plasma levels for each IGF, suggesting that other factors influence IGF levels.
Phenotypes of atrial fibrillation diagnosed before-versus-after ischaemic stroke and TIA: study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction The underlying pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation (AF) detected after stroke (AFDAS) is relatively unknown. Preliminary evidence suggests AFDAS has a lower prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities and higher incidence of insular cortex involvement than AF known to exist before stroke occurrence (KAF). This favours a neurogenic AF substrate (autonomic dysregulation) in which the presence of underlying heart disease is not necessary for AF to occur. The main objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to compare the prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities and echocardiographic abnormalities in patients with AFDAS, KAF and no AF (NAF). Secondary objectives are to compare the proportion with insular cortex involvement, stroke recurrence and death in the three rhythm groups. Methods and analysis We will perform a systematic review including cross-sectional, case–control, cohort studies and clinical trials involving ≥18 years patients, with ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack published between inception and 31 December 2020 in any language, and reporting the proportion of patients with AFDAS, KAF and NAF. We will search PubMed, EMBASE and Scopus by applying predefined search terms. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts and retrieve full texts, extract data in a predesigned form, and assess the risk of bias. We will perform a meta-analysis of all included studies and we will report the results of the main outcome as proportions. We will report results of secondary outcomes as risk ORs. We will estimate heterogeneity across studies by using t 2 , Q and I 2 measures. We will use funnel plots, Rosenthal’s Fail-Safe N and Egger’s regression intercept to assess publication bias. Ethics and dissemination This study will be based on published data and does therefore not require ethical clearance. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020202622.
THE STUDY ON THE CORRELATION BETWEEN TGF-β_1 AND RENAL FIBROSIS IN PATIENTS WITH GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To explore the association betwee n transforming growth factor-β_1 (TGF-β_1 ) and renal fibrosis in patients wit h gromerulonephritis by testing its level in serum and urine. Methods: TGF-β_1 in serum and urine were detected by a specific ELISA in normal and three groups of patients with gromerulonephritis. Results: There wa s not a significant difference in the level of TGF-β_1 in serum and urine betw een group Ⅰ patients without renal fibrosis or group Ⅱ patients with slight renal fibrosis and the control (P0.05); There was not a significant diffe rence in the level of TGF-β_1 in sreum between group Ⅲ patients with severe r enal fibrosis and control (P0.05), but the level of TGF-β_1 in urine amo ng patients in group Ⅲ was higher than that of control (P0.05). Con clusion: The results indica ted that urine TGF-β_1 could be the marker of renal fibrosis in gromerulonep hritis. But it awaited further investigation as to whether TGF-β_1 could exact ly reflect slight renal fibrosis.;
The significance of the fluorescent treponemal antibody (FTA-ABS) test in collagen disorders and leprosy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A test is described to distinguish the immunofluorescence seen on T. pallidum in syphilis from that due to antibodies against DNA. The method consists of comparing the results of the fluorescent treponemal antibody (FTA-ABS) test with the staining obtained with T. gondii and T. cruzi using an indirect fluorescent technique. The ability of a particular serum to stain other organisms, in addition to T. pallidum , at a significant titre indicates that the treponemal fluorescence is not specific, and the loss of this staining property when organisms are pretreated with deoxyribonuclease suggests that the common microbial antigen is DNA. The isolated treponemal fluorescence found in syphilis is unaffected by pretreatment of T. pallidum . When 123 sera from patients with collagen disorders were examined, non-specific bacterial fluorescence was observed in six sera, while in 95 sera from patients with lepromatous leprosy, a positive FTA-ABS reaction was obtained in 14. There was no accompanying immunofluorescence on other protozoa. Therefore the antibody reacting in the FTA-ABS test in leprosy is likely to be treponemal in origin. A mitochondrial antibody was found in seven out of the 15 sera from patients with lepromatous leprosy.
Mechanical Properties of Cocoon Silk Derivatives for Biomedical Application: A Systematic Review

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Background: Despite cocoon silk’s well-known strength, biocompatibility, and hypoallergenic properties, its potential medical applications remain largely unexplored. This review, therefore, is of significance as it evaluates the mechanical properties and clinical potential of cocoon silk, a material with promising applications in biomaterials and tissue engineering. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines. Our focus was on the primary outcomes of tensile strength and elongation at break, and the secondary outcomes included other mechanical properties, applications, and complications. Results: Out of the 192 silk-related studies, 9 met the criteria. These studies revealed that cocoon silk derivatives exhibit a wide range of tensile strength, from 0.464 to 483.9 MPa (with a median of 4.27 MPa), and elongation at break, from 2.56% to 946.5% (with a median of 60.0%). Biomedical applications of cocoon silk derivatives span from tissue regeneration (n = 6) to energy harvesting (n = 4). Complications often arose from material fragility in non-optimized derivative components. Conclusions: While cocoon silk shows expansive promise due to its suitable mechanical properties and low complication risk, plenty remains to be discovered. Future research is crucial to fully realizing its vast surgical and biomedical potential.
New white-lipped peccary (<i>Tayassu pecari</i>) records for the coast of Campeche, Mexico

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Using camera traps, we recorded presence of the white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari;WLP) in the Chenkan region, an area of wetlands, mangroves, and tropical flood forest located on the coast of Campeche in Mexico. The WLP had been considered extinct in the area, so its rediscovery in Chenkan increases the known range of the current distribution of this species, which is classified as endangered in Mexico. The presence of WLP in Chenkan highlights the importance of the area for the conservation of this endangered species. Therefore, it is necessary to take effective conservation actions to maintain the region’s natural ecosystems, which are under strong pressure from expanding agriculture and tourism infrastructure. Registramos por medio de cámaras trampa la presencia de pecarí de labios blancos (Tayassu pecari; PLB) en la región de Chenkan, un área de humedales, manglares y bosques tropicales inundables localizada en la costa de Campeche, México. El PLB había sido considerado como extinto en el área, por lo que el redescrubrimiento de la especie en Chenkan extiende el área conocida de distribución actual de esta especie considerada en peligro de extinción en México. La presencia de PLB en Chenkan documenta la importancia del área para la conservación de especies en peligro. Por esta razón es necesario tomar acciones efectivas de conservación que permitan el mantenimiento de los ecosistemas naturales de la región, actualmente fuertemente presionados por la ampliación de la frontera agropecuaria y de infraestructura turística.
A Review of Narratives of the Unspoken in Contemporary Irish Fiction: Silences that Speak

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Published in 2023 by Palgrave Macmillan, Narratives of the Unspoken in Contemporary Irish Fiction: Silences that Speak proposes to explore the topic of silence by analysing how it is embedded in language, culture, society and institutions and providing a forum for the discussion of the uses (and abuses) of silence in the context of Irish ﬁction. The essays cover a span of different well-known authors in the Irish literary sphere such as Donal Ryan, Emma Donoghue, Colm Tóibín, Evelyn Conlon, Kevin Barry, Edna O’Brien, William Trevor, Claire Keegan, Maeve Kelly, Eibhear Walshe, Emer Martin and Sally Rooney
Recombinant trail: a synergistic effect in myeloid leukemias

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL/Apo-2L) is a member of the TNF superfamily that trigger and activate 2 death receptors, DR4 and DR5, and 2 decoy receptors, DcR1 and DcR2. Several studies demonstrated that TRAIL in monotherapy can induces cancer cell death cells, but few have been done in leukemias in combination with conventional drugs. The aim of this work is to analyse the potential synergist effect of a recombinant TRAIL (rhTRAIL) in myeloid leukemias.

For this, 2 myeloid leukemia cell lines, HL-60 (promyelocitic leukemia) and K-562 (Chronic Myeloid Leukemia) were treated with different concentrations of rhTRAIL as single agent and in combination with ATRA (all-transretinoic acid) and imatinib, respectively. The viability was measure using the trypan blue test and cell death by flow cytometry (FC) and Optical Microscopy. TRAIL and TRAIL-Rs were evaluated by FC.

Our results show that rhTRAIL induced a decrease in cell viability inducing cell death, in a time, dose and cell type dependent manner. We observe an IC50 in HL-60 treated for 48h of 250 ng/mL, although in K562 cells, rhTRAIL wasn’t able to induce a significant effect. However, when we previously treated the cells with ATRA or IMATINIB a synergistic effect is observed, mainly in HL60 cells. These results may be correlated with the differential TRAIL receptors expression, namely the presence of the anti-apoptotic TRAIL receptors, in K562 cells. On the other hand, the higher percentage of pro-apoptotic TRAIL receptors may be related with the therapeutic efficacy of rhTRAIL in HL-60 cells. Our study suggests that rhTRAIL can be use as a new therapeutic aproach in APL, as single agent. However, it can potentiate the cytotoxic effect of conventional drugs.
Immunomodulating Properties of Bioactive Compounds Present in <i>Aurora globostellata</i>

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Marine sponges are animals belonging to the Phylum Porifera. They are well known for its medicinal value. However, to prove its efficiency for the clinical utilization, more experimental data will be beneficial. The present study involved the investigation of immunomodulatory activities of ethyl acetate extract of marine sponge Aurora globostellata from Tuticorin coast of India. The extract was studied for acute toxicity (OECD-425 guideline), Haemagglutinating antibody (HA) titre and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response for their immunomodulatory potential. The evaluation of immunomodulatory potential by oral administration of ethyl acetate extract of marine sponge (200 mg/kg) evoked a significant decrease in total WBC count as compared to control, in antibody titre values, and also in delayed type hypersensitivity reaction induced by sheep red blood cells. The results obtained in the present study indicated that extract of marine sponge Aurora globostellata possesses immunosuppressant activity and can be studied further for isolation of the compounds which can be used for organ rejection purpose in future.
Sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma of the gingiva mimicking malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor: a case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Spindle cell/Sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma is the rarest variant of rhabdomyosarcoma, accounting for 5-10% of all rhabdomyosarcoma cases. Pathologically, these tumors can provide a variety of features and can resemble other tumors, thus often difficult to diagnose. We report a case of sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma of the gingiva with histomorphology mimicking a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. Case Presentation: The patient was a 39-years old Balinese male who noticed a lump on the left gum since 9 months ago. Head CT scan revealed a solid mass with soft tissue density at the left lower gingiva that extend superiorly and laterally, involving the left parapharyngeal and masticator spaces, infiltrated into the left mylohyoid muscle and left medial and lateral pterygoid muscles, and caused destruction of the left mandibular ramus and alveolar process of the left maxilla. The initial biopsy showed the proliferation of atypical spindle cells with a pattern resembling peripheral nerve sheath tumor and concluded as a low-grade malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. Wide excision specimen consists of proliferation of low-grade atypical spindle cells arranged in a fascicular pattern with foci of strap cells embedded in glassy eosinophilic sclerosis matrix. Some parts of the tumor showed palisading nuclei. The tumor cells were diffusely positive for desmin and negative for S100. This case was finally diagnosed as sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma.Conclusion: Sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma should be considered when atypical spindle lesions occur between the hyalinized stromal matrix of the head and neck in adults. Because of wide differential diagnosis, an adequate sampling, careful microscopic examination, and immunohistochemistry staining can avoid misdiagnosis.