jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Modeling of Thermal/Electric-Field Poling

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Employing three basic conclusions summarized from reported experimental results, we calculate the nonlinear coefficients in the bulk silica glass and silica fiber after thermal/electric-field poling and obtain relationships of their nonlinearities with the applied voltage V 0 , the thickness of the depletion region L , and the poling time t . Theoretical results show that the second-order susceptibility χ (2) and the second-harmonic power P 2ω in the poled bulk glass are proportional to V 0 and V 0 2 , respectively. There exists an optimal time t , and the effective nonlinear coefficient d eff and P 2ω are approximately linear and square, respectively, with V 0 within the limit of V 0 <3.5 kV and t >30 min in the normally poled fiber. Moreover, χ (2) ∼0.2–1.8 pm/V for the bulk glass and d eff ∼0.01–0.14 pm/V for the silica fiber after typical poling. All of the results obtained are well consistent with the experimental reports.
An Activity Management Algorithm for Improving Energy Efficiency of Small Cell Base Stations in 5G Heterogeneous Networks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) are proposed in order to meet the increasing demand for next generation cellular wireless networks, but they also increase the energy consumption of the base stations. In this paper, an activity management algorithm for improving the energy efficiency of HetNets is proposed. A smart sleep strategy is employed for the operator deployed pico base stations to enter sleep and active modes. According to that strategy, when the number of users exceeds the turn on threshold, the pico node becomes active and when the number of users drop below the turn off threshold, it goes into sleep mode. Mobile users dynamically enter and leave the cells, triggering the activation and deactivation of pico base stations. The performance of the system is examined for three different cellular network architectures: cell on edge (COE), uniformly distributed cells (UDC) and macro cell only network (MoNet). Two different user distributions are considered: uniform and hotspot. The effects of number of hotspot users and sleep energies of pico nodes on the energy efficiency are also investigated. The proposed activity management algorithm increases the energy efficiency, measured in bits/J, by $20\%$. The average bit rates achieved by HetNet users increase by $29\%$ compared with the MoNet architecture. Thus, the proposed activity control algorithm increases the spectral efficiency of the network while consuming the energy more efficiently.
South African University history: a historiographical overview

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACTUniversity history has traditionally been the domain of the commemorative publication which presented institutions in a very favourable light, full of the boasts of growth and achievement. In considering university histories, it is useful to examine this traditional approach as well as more recent scholarly developments in the study of the history of institutions of higher learning internationally. In South Africa, most universities have some form of published history, although these vary greatly in scope, depth and critical approach. This article briefly considers volumes produced on South African universities and their past in the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Trends and approaches evident in this wide variety of publications are highlighted. Questions such as the choice of moments of origin and commemoration, the effect of Apartheid on the retelling of the past and the use of either an autobiographical or a collaborative approach are considered. The comparative lack of histories of former 'non-white' universities is also explored, while the predominance of interest in matters of institutional identity in the post-Apartheid context is highlighted.Keywords: Universitieshistoriographyuniversity historySouth AfricaApartheidhigher educationinstitutional identity
H‐Y typing by ELISA in a 46,X,dic(Y)(q11.2101) male: Effects of a nonmosaic Yp duplication

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract A new ELISA was used to measure H‐Y antigen in cultured fibroblasts from a male with 46,X,dic(Y)(qll.2101) involving duplication of Yp. Aliquots of mono‐clonal H‐Y antibody were absorbed with 1, 2, 4, or 8 × 10 6 cells from the 46,X,dic(Y) male, or with corresponding numbers of cells from a normal XY male and a normal XX female, and then were tested for residual activity against a soluble antigen source. Portions of the antibody absorbed with cells of the 46,X,dic(Y) male were found to be less reactive than portions absorbed with cells of the normal XY male, for all numbers of cells and both dilutions of plated antigen. The results, quantified in an electronic optical density reader, imply presence of excessive H‐Y in cells of the 46,X,dic(Y) male, and suggest presence of a genetic determinant of H‐Y on Yp or proximal Yq near the centromere.
Analisis Penyaluran Dana CSR pada PT Bank Sumut

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Companies that benefit from the business they run should not think about themselves, companies must also think about the community and the surrounding environment to provide a form of social responsibility or Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). One of the regional owned enterprises (BUMD) of North Sumatra, namely: PT. Bank Sumut which holds a Corporate Social Responsibility program regularly every year with funds from CSR programs distributed to several sectors, such as the education, health, social and economic sectors. This research is qualitative in nature, to collect data and information obtained in this study is primary data collected from interviews at PT. Bank of North Sumatra, as well as secondary data collected from the annual report site at Bank of North Sumatra. Related data were analyzed using descriptive method. Data collection techniques were analyzed using interviews and questionnaires from the Head of CSR. The results showed that the process of channeling CSR funds for the Bank of North Sumatra was carried out by submitting CSR proposals which were funding in nature, namely funding for programs that had been submitted to the North Sumatra bank as programs that would be funded with CSR. government work forum teams as well as those directly submitted to the North Sumatra bank will then be analyzed and reviewed by the company. After the CSR funds are handed over to the beneficiaries, the program can be directly run in accordance with the activities that have been proposed in the previous work budget proposal and costs. And accountability reports by beneficiaries and re-verified by the North Sumatra Bank CSR team. Keywords: CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility), Bank of North Sumatra
The Norwegian North-Atlantic Expeditions 1876-1878. Volume 2. The apparatus, and how used

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This multi-volume work relates the accomplishments of the Norwegian expedition throughout the Norwegian Sea from 1876 to 1878 on the ship Voringen. In many respects, this voyage represented the future direction of oceanography, even more so than the British Challenger expedition earlier in the decade. [NOT CONTROLLED OCR]
MONOAMINE METABOLITES IN LUMBAR CEREBROSPINAL FLUID AND URINE IN ALCOHOLIC PATIENTS BEFORE AND AFTER TREATMENT WITH DISULFIRAM

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Fifteen male alcoholic inpatients were treated with 400 mg disulfiram per day for one week. The levels of HVA, MOPEG and 5-HIAA (major metabolites of dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin respectively) in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid and urine were determined before and after the treatment period. No significant differences were found between the levels of the metabolites in the CSF on the first and second sampling occasions. There was a high correlation between individual MOPEG levels on the two sampling occasions but not for HVA and 5-HIAA. The levels of HVA, MOPEG and 5-HIAA in the urine increased among the drug-free patients, while those receiving small amounts of oxazepam for insomnia showed no changes in those levels. At the most there is a minor interaction between monamines, disulliram and benzodiazepine metabolism. The absence of appreciable effects re-emphasises the importance of blocking of aldehyde dehydrogenase by disulfiram as the main mechanism by which the drug acts under conditions of clinical use.
Matches and mismatches: ocean climate, prey phenology and breeding success in a zooplanktivorous seabird

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 368:295-304 (2008) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07603 Matches and mismatches: ocean climate, prey phenology and breeding success in a zooplanktivorous seabird J. Mark Hipfner* Centre for Wildlife Ecology, Simon Fraser University and the Canadian Wildlife Service, RR#1 5421 Robertson Road, Delta, British Columbia V4K 3N2, Canada *Email: mark.hipfner@ec.gc.ca ABSTRACT: In the marine environment, climatic changes are asymmetrically altering the phenologies of species at different trophic levels, causing an increase in the severity of mismatching between predators and their prey. At Triangle Island (British Columbia, Canada), the zooplanktivorous seabird Cassin's auklet Ptychoramphus aleuticus breeds less successfully in warm-water years than in cold-water years. Previous researchers hypothesized that this occurred because, in warm years, there is less temporal overlap between the auklets' nestling-provisioning period and the period when the copepod Neocalanus cristatus, an important prey item, is available to the birds in near-surface waters. I tested this hypothesis with data collected between 1996 and 2006. As predicted by the match-mismatch hypothesis, the copepods became scarce in nestling diets 2 to 3 wk earlier in warmer than in colder years, and were less prevalent overall in warm years. The auklets' offspring were more likely to survive from hatching to fledging, and were heavier in mass at fledging, in years in which their diets were richer in N. cristatus. Information-theoretic approaches indicated that this effect of diet, a direct consequence of spring ocean temperature, outweighed other indirect influences of ocean temperature on offspring performance. Comparison with independent data on the timing and magnitude of local annual zooplankton biomass peaks indicated that prey timing, rather than prey abundance, was the key factor determining seasonal prevalence of the copepod in nestling diets. This study adds to a growing body of evidence showing that climate-driven phenological mismatches can alter critical trophic interactions, with potentially deleterious demographic consequences for predators. KEY WORDS: Match-mismatch · Ocean climate · Auklet · Copepod Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Hipfner JM (2008) Matches and mismatches: ocean climate, prey phenology and breeding success in a zooplanktivorous seabird. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 368:295-304. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07603 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 368. Online publication date: September 25, 2008 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2008 Inter-Research.
Synthesis and properties of 1‐Benzothiopyrano[2,3‐d]‐pyrimidine‐2,4‐(3H)diones (10‐thia‐5‐deazaflavins)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Treatment of 6‐arylthiouracils with the Vilsmeier reagent (dimethylformamide‐phosphorus oxychloride) gave the corresponding 6‐arylthio‐5‐formyluracils, which could alternatively be prepared by the condensation of 6‐chloro‐5‐formyluracils with thiophenols. Dehydrative cyclization of the above 5‐formyluracils with polyphosphoric acid gave 1‐benzothiopyrano[2,3‐ d ]pyrimidine‐2,4‐(3 H )diones (10‐thia‐5‐deazaflavins). These 10‐thia‐5‐deazaflavins oxidized alcohols to give the corresponding carbonyl compounds with the aid of strong base, and they were hydrogenated to 1,5‐dihydro‐10‐thia‐5‐deazaflavins. Treatment of 10‐thia‐5‐deazaflavins with concentrated aqueous potassium hydroxide led to the exclusive formation of 1,5‐dihydro‐10‐thia‐5‐deazaflavins and 1,5‐dihydro‐10‐thia‐5‐deazaflavin‐5‐ones via intermolecular oxidation‐reduction (disproportionation) between initially formed 1,5‐dihydro‐5‐hydroxy‐10‐thia‐5‐deazaflavins and unchanged 10‐thia‐5‐deazaflavins.
Orofacial Space Infections in Systemically Compromised Individuals: A Case Series and Review of Literature

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

1.1. Aim and Objectives: To review the management of head and neck infections due to odontogenic origin in medically compromised and non-compromised patients. Specifically, to observe their severity, response to common first-line broad-spectrum antibiotics, responsible bacterial microflora, and complications thereof. 1.2. Material and Methods: 45 cases of odontogenic oro-facial and cervico-facial cellulitis reporting or referred to the maxillofacial surgery outpatient department (OPD) were included in the study. Out of these, 38 were those diagnosed with some form of systemic debilitating condition and 7 were systemically healthy individuals. All the cases were managed by the same team of surgeons. Presenting cellulitis was surgically decompressed by incision and drainage. Pus specimens were subjected to culture sensitivity testing and antibiotic sensitivity testing (ABST). All patients were postoperatively monitored for wound healing, Lenth of Stay (LOS), complications, and incidence of morbidity and mortality. A prospective cohort study design was employed for the compilation and review of data
Wayfinding for Novice Art Museum Educators: A Post-Intentional Phenomenological Exploration

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Over the last four decades, museum education in the United States has developed into a legitimate and respected profession. However, for those who want to become art museum educators, the path is neither clear nor smooth. Those in the profession often face low pay, limited career growth opportunities, and a lack of job security. Despite these realities, the museum education field continues to attract people. Yet, there is scant literature about novice art museum educators, specifically about how they find their way as they enter the profession. Utilizing a post-intentional phenomenological methodology, this qualitative study explores the phenomenon of wayfinding, defined as how someone orients themselves to the museum education profession and the ways they navigate the opportunities and challenges they encounter. The research questions guiding this study include how wayfinding took shape for five art museum educators with less than two years of work experience, what they went through upon entering the profession, and what helped them navigate their way. Phenomenological research methods, including three one-on-one interviews with each participant over six months and a focus group with all of the study participants, were employed to gather rich descriptions of their lived experiences. The research materials were placed in dialogue with concepts that resonated with wayfinding as described by the study participants, including self-identity, agency, and relational autonomy. Findings illuminate how (un)welcoming these novice art museum educators found museum spaces, how their sense of self intersected with their wayfinding, how they enacted agency, and how they drew upon relationships with other people. Insights into the unique experiences of novice museum educators of color, the empowering effects of agency, the varying roles of mentoring and peer support, and the value of pausing to reflect on lived experiences are shared. While the findings are limited to the educators in the study and are not representative of the field at large, this study provokes and produces new ways of understanding wayfinding for novice art museum educators. As the field of museum education continues to evolve, this study offers pertinent insights to university instructors who teach museum education courses, education supervisors in art museums, people who are interested in a museum education career, and art museum educators already working in the field.
Neuropsychological and functional measures of severity in Alzheimer disease, frontotemporal dementia, and semantic dementia.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Many studies attempting to compare the clinical features in different dementia syndromes have attempted to control for overall disease severity using neuropsychological or functional measures. However, these measures may not give equivalent estimates of disease severity. We examined a functional measure of severity (Clinical Dementia Rating scale [CDR] scores) in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD, n = 23), frontotemporal dementia (FTD, n = 24), and semantic dementia (SD, n = 25) who were matched for age and Mini-Mental State Examination (a neuropsychological measure of severity). Total CDR scores were significantly worse in the FTD group compared with both AD and SD patients, whose total CDR scores were similar to each other. FTD showed no difference in memory or orientation compared with AD but did show more impairment in judgment and problem solving, community affairs, home and hobbies, and personal care compared with AD and SD. Thus, in FTD the CDR reveals functional impairments in a wide variety of domains that are more severe than those seen in AD or SD patients with an equivalent Mini-Mental State Examination.
Two Molecular Weights Holothurian Glycosaminoglycan and Hematoporphyrin Derivative-Photodynamic Therapy Inhibit Proliferation and Promote Apoptosis of Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Holothurian glycosaminoglycan (hGAG) is extracted from the body wall of the sea cucumber, and previous studies have shown many unique bioactivities of hGAG, including antitumor, anti-angiogenesis, anti coagulation, anti thrombosis, anti-inflammation, antidiabetic effect, antivirus, and immune regulation. The effects of 3W and 5W molecular weights hGAG with hematoporphyrin derivative-photodynamic therapy (HPD-PDT) on lung cancer were investigated. Human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were divided into 6 groups: control group, 3W molecular weight hGAG group, 5W molecular weight hGAG group, HPD-PDT group, 3W molecular weight hGAG + HPD-PDT group, and 5W molecular weight hGAG + HPD-PDT group. Cell morphology was observed under inverted phase contrast microscope. Cell proliferative activity was detected by CCK8 and cell apoptosis was assayed by Hoechst33258 staining and flow cytometry. The results showed that two different molecular weights hGAG could inhibit proliferation, promote apoptosis rates of A549 cells, and enhance the sensitivity of A549 cells to HPD-PDT. The combined use of hGAG and HPD-PDT has synergistic inhibitory effects on A549 cells, and the effects of 3W molecular weight hGAG are better than that of 5W molecular weight hGAG.
Effect of Temperature and Drying on Activation of Male Hormone of Cow Manure

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In our studies of the male hormone content of dairy cows manure (2, 3), the fresh product was dried in a Freas electric oven at a temperature of 45 ° C. for 48 hours.It had been shown that with increasing temperature up to 85 ° C., the biological activity of the male hormone present was reduced greatly.It seemed of interest to determine if the fresh manure still was more potent and if other methods of drying would maintain the potency.The results were so contrary to what was expected that the study was extended to other factors which might influence these observations.
Anticipation by basketball defenders: An explanation based on the three‐dimensional inverted pendulum model

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract We previously estimated the timing when ball game defenders detect relevant information through visual input for reacting to an attacker's running direction after a cutting manoeuvre, called cue timing. The purpose of this study was to investigate what specific information is relevant for defenders, and how defenders process this information to decide on their opponents' running direction. In this study, we hypothesised that defenders extract information regarding the position and velocity of the attackers' centre of mass (CoM) and the contact foot. We used a model which simulates the future trajectory of the opponent's CoM based upon an inverted pendulum movement. The hypothesis was tested by comparing observed defender's cue timing, model‐estimated cue timing using the inverted pendulum model (IPM cue timing) and cue timing using only the current CoM position (CoM cue timing). The IPM cue timing was defined as the time when the simulated pendulum falls leftward or rightward given the initial values for position and velocity of the CoM and the contact foot at the time. The model‐estimated IPM cue timing and the empirically observed defender's cue timing were comparable in median value and were significantly correlated, whereas the CoM cue timing was significantly more delayed than the IPM and the defender's cue timings. Based on these results, we discuss the possibility that defenders may be able to anticipate the future direction of an attacker by forwardly simulating inverted pendulum movement.
[Study of chromosome characteristics of artificially-induced ascite tumors].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Some ascite tumours have been induced in rat by intraperitoneal injection of RadLV and in mouse by intraperitoneal injection of RadLV, or of protozoa such as Trypanosoma brucei and Toxoplasma gondii. Cytological examination of the resulting ascite tumours has shown that chromosome aberrations were associated with the presence of C and A viral particles.
Malaysia's Claim to Indonesian Batik: Background and Conflict Resolution

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research examines the conflict between Indonesia and Malaysia over the claim to batik as a cultural heritage. Batik, a traditional art form from Indonesia, has long been an important cultural symbol. However, Malaysia’s claim to batik has sparked significant controversy and tension between the two countries. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding cultural heritage disputes in the context of international relations, as they not only involve cultural pride but also economic and diplomatic factors. Using a literature review method, this study analyzes secondary data from books, articles, and scholarly journals to understand the background, developments, and resolutions of this conflict. The key findings highlight Indonesia's successful effort in registering batik as part of UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2009, which provided international recognition and protection for batik. Additionally, the study explores the legal frameworks, including both soft and hard law, that help protect cultural heritage from such claims. The resolution process demonstrates the role of international diplomacy and legal measures in addressing disputes over cultural heritage. The research concludes that while cultural similarities between Indonesia and Malaysia complicate matters, a diplomatic approach supported by international law and UNESCO’s mediation has helped safeguard Indonesia's cultural identity. This study underscores the importance of cooperation in preserving cultural heritage and the essential role of international organizations in managing such conflicts.