jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
FALC - On Board Fatigue Life Counter (Fatigue Meter)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

FALC (On - Board Fatigue Life Counter) is a new system which allows the measurement of fatigue strength at determined points of an aircraft structure. Specially designed self-calibrating transducers, placed at critical points of the aircraft, detect strain. The strain values undergo calculations using validated algorithims and are analyzed by a proven method to generate final data representing accumulated fatigue life value (AFD). All calculations are carried out in real time allowing continuous monitoring and updating of strain values during each single flight cycle. The AFD value obtained for each single aircraft enables an increase of its service life and contributes to an improvement in the safety and reliability of air transportation. All these factors render FALC a high cost-saving system. Results obtained after three years of testing on a Tupolev passenger aircraft BU-154M demonstrated the efficiency and reliability of this new technique. A commercial release of the system is already available and Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (USSR) and INTECO (Italy) are currently working on a newer and more powerful version of the FALC system.
347 How can we protect athletes from dental erosion?

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Background

Our data on more than 800 participants shows that dental erosion (DE) affects up to 45% of elite athletes and may have physical and psychosocial impacts. The condition is associated with consumption of sports drinks and is exacerbated by reduced salivary flow. The protein rich layer called dental pellicle (DP) may have a protective function for DE and this might prove to be a useful therapeutic target in elite sport.

Objectives

To assess the protective function of DP against DE.

Design

In vitro study.

Setting

Laboratory.

Participants

40 bovine incisors

Interventions

Two levels. 1: We exposed twenty bovine incisors to an energy drink (pH 3.1) at 24, 48 and 72 hours to create an in vitro erosion model. 2: We used fresh human saliva to form dental pellicle on the buccal surface of twenty incisors to create an in-vitro pellicle model. Erosive lesions were investigated both in the presence and absence of a layer of dental pellicle.

Main outcome measurement

Mean depth of erosive lesions by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and X-ray Microtomography (XMT).

Results

OCT showed the mean thickness of amorphous enamel before immersion in the erosive medium was 64 µm (SD 2.3, IQR 54.7 – 63.2). The mean depth of the erosive lesion after immersion was 240.8 µm (SD 32.7, IQR 244.6 – 263.8) (p<0.001) at 72 hours. In contrast, mean depth of lesion in the presence of the dental pellicle was 84.3 (SD 18.9, IQR 93.2 – 75.3) (p<0.03). XMT showed the mean depth of erosive lesions was 130 µm (SD 28.2), whereas in the presence of DP was 82.4 µm (SD 15.6) (p<0.001).

Conclusions

Erosion was reduced but not prevented by presence of dental pellicle. This model shows promise as a method to investigate novel interventions to prevent DE in elite athletes.
The Morphology of Islets within the Porcine Donor Pancreas Determines the Isolation Result: Successful Isolation of Pancreatic Islets can Now be Achieved from Young Market Pigs

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Clinical islet allotransplantation has become an increasingly efficient “routine ” therapy in recent years. Shortage of human donor organs leads to porcine pancreatic islets as a potential source for islet xenotransplantation. Yet it is still very difficult to isolate sufficient numbers of intact porcine islets, particularly from young market pigs. In the following study islets were successfully isolated from retired breeders [4806 ± 720 islet equivalents per gram organ (IEQ/g); n = 25; 2–3 years old; RB] and also from young hybrid pigs [2868 ± 260 IEQ/g; n = 65; 4–6 months old; HY] using LiberasePI and a modified version of Ricordi's digestion-filtration technique. As expected, isolations from RB showed significantly better results (p < 0.002). A retrospective histological analysis of almost all donor pancreases showed that the majority of organs from RB (80%) contained mainly large islets (diameter >200 μm), in contrast to only 35% of all pancreases from HY. Remarkably, the islet size in situ, regardless whether detected in RB or HY, strongly determined the isolation result. A donor organ with predominantly large islets resulted in significantly higher numbers of IEQs compared with a donor organ with predominantly small islets [RB Large Islets : 5680 ± 3,318 IEQ/g n = 20); RB Small Islets : 1353 ± 427 IEQ/g (n = 5); p < 0.02]. In addition, isolation results were strongly influenced by the quality of the LiberasePI batch, and therefore single batch testing is invariably required. Purification was performed using Ficoll or OptiPrep™ density gradient centrifugation manually or in the COBE cell processor. Although islet purity was highest when OptiPrep™ was used, final islet yields did not differ between the different purification methods. Our study demonstrates that islet size in situ is an extremely critical parameter for highly successful islet isolation; consequently, we are now performing a morphological screening of each donor organ prior to the isolation process. Under these conditions highly successful isolations can reliably be performed even from young market pigs.
Individuality and stability of nocturnal secretion patterns for eight hormones in healthy young men

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The concentration of hormones in the bloodstream shows oscillations, reflecting the fact that endocrine physiology is structured over time. In many cases, these oscillations have an ultradian configuration that can be superimposed on a circadian rhythm. Secretion of hormones can be linked to the phases of sleep, as is the case with growth hormone (GH); can depend strongly on the circadian pacemaker, as in the case of cortisol; or be under the influence of both, as seen for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Thus, the temporal pattern of secretion of several hormones, and the resulting plasma concentration (also influenced by hormone tissue distribution and clearance), depends on impulses from biological clocks and is influenced by endogenous and exogenous masking factors. The extent of interindividual differences in the phenotypes of temporal patterns of hormone secretion is not well known. In this study, a series of eight hormones were measured over one night, and these measurements were repeated over another night. The study had two goals. The first was to explore the extent of inter individual differences in nocturnal and ultradian rhythms of these hormones. The second was to see how stable the individual patterns of nocturnal hormone secretion could be. Our results indicate that the temporal organization of hormone secretion into the blood is highly individual, and that these intraindividual patterns are conserved over time. This is relevant in view of the changes in secretion of several hormones that have been described in biological psychiatry research.
Hand-list of orchids, cultivated in the Royal Botanic Gardens

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A whole generation was, however, to pass away before the culture of orchids was placed on an intelligent footing.Dr. Lindley during the middle part of the present century dominated the horticultural world.In 1830 he read a paper before the Royal Horticultural Society, in which, generalising from insufficient data, he concluded " that high temperature, deep shade, and excessive humidity are the conditions essential to the well-being of the plants " (Veitch, I. c, p. 119).Thirteen years later he was substantially followed by Mr. Bateman : " except the important direction to give the plants a season of rest" (J.r., p. 120).The cultural treatment approved by Lindley " became, as it were, the only orthodox one, and was generally persisted in, in all its essential points, for tip wards of thirty years."Two men, however, broke away from the ctirrent tradition and with conspicuous success." One of the first of these was Joseph Cooper, gardener to Earl Fitzwilliam, at Wentworth" (18;]5)."A still bolder innovation was adopted shortly afterwards by Paxton, at Chatsworth."In both cases the essential innovations were lower temperature and increased ventilation.The old tradition still, however, held its ground : -" plants perished under the barbarous treatment they received in the hot -houses of this country almost as fast as they were imported.To such an extent were the losses felt, that Lindley, in a remarkable article published in the Gardeners^ Chronicle towards the end of 1859, pronounced their treatment 'a deplorable faihtre,' and Mr. Bateman also some years later characterised it as ' incredible folly ' " (Veitch, I. c, p. 123).
Minimum maximal matchings in permutahedra

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We prove that the minimal size $M(π_n)$ of a maximal matching in the permutahedron $π_n$ is asymptotically $n!/3$. On the one hand, we obtain a lower bound $M(π_n) \ge n! (n-1) / (3n-2)$ by considering $4$-cycles in the permutahedron. On the other hand, we obtain an asymptotical upper bound $M(π_n) \le n!(1/3+o(1))$ by multiple applications of Hall's theorem (similar to the approach of Forcade (1973) for the hypercube) and an exact upper bound $M(π_n) \le n!/3$ by an explicit construction. We also derive bounds on minimum maximal matchings in products of permutahedra.
[Phleboscintigraphy in the diagnosis of diseases of leg veins].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The authors worked out the methods of staged radionuclide phleboscintigraphy and defined its clinical importance for examination of patients with chronic venous insufficiency of the lower limbs using a gamma-chamber without an image synchronized with a moving table. Altogether 26 patients with various forms of lower limb venous insufficiency were examined. A normal phleboscintigram and radionuclide semiotics of the main lesions of the lower limb veins were described. The method of staged radionuclide phleboscintigraphy permits one to obtain a good image of the iliofemoral venous segment and vena cava inferior in minimum radiation exposure and traumatism.
THE TUNJUNGAN STREET’S PHYSICAL EVIDENCE THAT ATTRACT THE VISITOR IN SURABAYA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

One of the iconic tourist attractions in Surabaya City is Tunjungan Street, which recently has regained public attention. After the government declared it to be “asleep” in 1990, this tourism was finally attempted to return by the Surabaya government. Moreover, the improvement in the economic sector, mainly in the MSMEs sector, has also become one of the reasons why Tunjungan Street started to be intensively developed again by the Surabaya government. The interesting thing about this area is that the researchers obtained opportunities to define physical evidence of the area, which is a marketing tactic and also evidence of the existence of a sense of place in this area. The aim of this research is to understand the reason for the government’s success in reviving Tunjungan Street. This research used a qualitative method using a case study, supported by going directly to Tunjungan Street to observe the surrounding conditions. The results of the research revealed that physical evidence has proven to contribute to the marketing of the Tunjungan area. The results showed that the Tunjungan area, architecture, interior, and focal point became attractive physical evidence. This is shown by the crowding, interactions between visitors and sellers, and the friendly atmosphere along the corridor of Tunjungan Street. This research can be used for future consideration in forming a public space in a historical area. Keywords: Architecture, Marketing Mix, Physical Evidence, Sense of Place, Tunjungan Street.
Severe Headache in a Football Player

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

History: 20 yo AA male FB player presents with C.C. of constant headache for nine days. PMHx of playing FB in HS and taking blows to head with helmet on. After a hit in HS he developed enlarged region on right forehead that never caused discomfort. Lump went away spontaneously after several months. One month ago took hit at FB game and noticed lump on his right forehead region reappeared. Saw team physician after that game and thought to have a benign nodule. Player noted few headaches on and off, but nothing constant or severe. Played in game one week later and took blow to right temple region. After this blow, he started to have constant headaches starting in the back right side of his head and going to the right temporal region. No vomiting or amnesia. Positive photophobia. OTC meds did not help his headache. Physical examination: One month ago exam was normal, except for a 0.5 inch raised nodule on right temporal region. Recent exam revealed a soft, compressable, raised region with a palpable pulse near the right temple that was larger in size, now measuring 0.75 inches. CN II - XII were normal. Normal fundoscopic exam. Severe sensitivity to the light. PERRLA. No rash was noted on his scalp. Differential Diagnosis: Contusion with hematoma formation Migraine headache with contusion of temporal region Traumatic Arteriovenous malformation Traumatic pseudo-aneurysm of the superficial temporal artery Tests and Results: Head CT and CTA of the Circle of Willis. CT head-no infarction, hemorrhage, skull fracture, mass lesion, hydrocephalus, or extra-axial fluid collection. CTA -aneurysmal dilatation of the distal anterior branch of the right superficial temporal artery. Bilobed dilatation 8 mm in the proximal portion and about 6 mm in the distal portion. Final Working diagnosis: Traumatic pseudo-aneurysm of the anterior branch of the right superficial temporal artery. Treatment and Outcomes: Due to there being little sequela other than resultant hemorrhage, he was allowed to return to playing. If it were to rupture, superficial tamponade could control the bleeding. Consultation with an interventional radiologist was also discussed in order to assess the likelihood of therapeutic coiling or other treatment options. Played in next game without significant pain or headache.
Sociological research of the men’s androgenic alopecia problem

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Diseases of the skin and its appendages currently occupy one of the leading places in terms of prevalence. In addition, today the relationship between dermatopathologies and the psychoemotional state of people and vice versa is clearly monitored. Psychodermatology is engaged in the study of exactly this regularity. One of the most common trichological diseases is androgenic alopecia, which is characterized by excessive hair loss under the influence of androgens in individuals with a hereditary predisposition. Androgenic alopecia is often accompanied by secondary mental disorders, which significantly impair the quality of people’s life. It is relevant to conduct sociological research of this problem among men of all age groups. Such research will reveal the level of influence of androgenic alopecia on the psychoemotional state of men who may be potential consumers of medicines and dermatocosmetics. The aim of the work was to conduct a sociological study to establish the impact of androgenic alopecia on the psychoemotional state of men and their readiness for pharmacotherapy. Materials and methods. Sociological research was conducted from 01.03.2019 to 31.08.2019 by surveying 150 men aged 18 to 66. Respondents were visitors to pharmacies in the Ivano-Frankivsk and Chernivtsi regions of Ukraine, who gave written consent to participate in the survey. Only persons with visible manifestations of androgenic alopecia according to the Norwood scale were included in the survey. All respondents were divided into the following age groups: from 18 to 20 years old, from 21 to 30 years old, from 31 to 40 years old, from 41 to 50 years old, from 51 to 60 years old, from 61 years old and older. The distribution was carried out to segment the target market. The results of the study were displayed as percentages with 95 % confidence intervals. Statistical analysis was performed using R version 4.1.2 (R Core Team (2021). The results. According to the results of the sociological study, 48.7 % of interviewed men consider that androgenic alopecia is a problem which can affect the emotional state and, so, the quality of life. As a result, about 90 % of the respondents indicated that they need to expand the assortment of effective remedies to solve this problem on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine, of which 36.7 % are ready to pay for a course of effective pharmacotherapy from 200 to 500 hryvnias. Conclusions. The obtained results confirm that androgenic alopecia has a negative effect on the psychoemotional state of men and worsens their quality of life. To solve the problem of androgenic alopecia, men are interested in using effective medicinal or dermatocosmetic products
Pulse and time-domain measurements

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A review of the state of the art and science of pulse parameter measurements is given including recent advances in the use of real-time oscilloscopes, waveform recorders, equivalent time sampling oscilloscopes, and counter timers in the measurement of repetitive and single transient signals. Recent advances in the use of artifact waveform standards and modern signal analysis techniques to compensate for measurement distortion are highlighted. The formation and progress of an IEEE committee which is developing a performance standard for waveform recorders is also described.
Medicinal Plants with Nephroprotective, Nephrocuratve and Antiurolithiatic Activitites

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Medicinal plants are important sources of drugs for the treatment of several ailments, including kidney disorders. In this chapter, published work on nephroprotective, nephrocurative and antiurolithiatic plants has been reviewed. Plants are listed species wise and species are arranged in alphabetical sequence. Under each species, the plant part, extract, solvent, method of assay, nephrotoxin and the results of the studies have been given.
In vitro culture initiation and regeneration of two highly productive clones of poplar

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In vitro shoot regeneration is a fast and reliable method for propagation of valuable tree genotypes and important step in genetic manipulations. This study aimed to establish an optimal in vitro culture initiation and regeneration protocol for highly productive poplar clones ‘Novoberlinska-3’ (Populus pyramidalis × P. laurifolia) and ‘Volosystoplidna’ (P. trichocarpa). In vitro culture was initiated either on MS (IM-MS) or WPM (IM-WPM) medium both containing BAP (0.2 mg.L-1) and IBA (0.1 mg.L-1). Results demonstrated that the best initiation medium for the clone ‘Volosystoplidna’ was IM-WPM on which 93.3 % of explants survived, while explants from ‘Novoberlinska-3’ better survived on IM-MS. After establishing both genotypes into aseptic culture, regeneration experiments were started using two types of explants, leaf and petioles, planted on callus induction medium containing 2iP (1.02 mg.L-1) and NAA (1.86 mg.L-1). Furthermore, microshoots were placed on shoot induction medium supplemented with 0.04 mg.L-1 thidiazuron, and then transferred on shoot elongation medium with 0.2 mg.L-1 BAP. Regeneration protocol showed better performance of poplar ‘Novoberlinska-3’, but it was also efficient for ‘Volosystoplidna’. Plant regeneration from leaf explants in the clone ‘Novoberlinska-3’ showed the highest regeneration percentage (92.3 %) and the number of shoots per explant (3.1), which significantly exceeded other explants. Our results showed a significant difference between the survivability of two clones during culture initiation. The differences in regeneration rates between the clones as well as leaf and petiole explants were also determined. Obtained aseptic cultures of highly productive poplar hybrids will be used in our further studies, especially for genetic transformation.
Confirmatory Factor Analytic Procedures for the Determination of Measurement Invariance

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Confirmatory factor analytic (CFA) procedures can be used to provide evidence of measurement invariance. However, empirical evaluation has not focused on the accuracy of common CFA steps used to detect a lack of invariance across groups. This investigation examined procedures for detection of test structure differences across groups under several conditions through simulation. Specifically, sample size, number of factors, number of indicators per factor, and the distribution of the observed variables were manipulated, and 3 criteria for assessing measurement invariance were evaluated. Power and Type I error were examined to evaluate the accuracy of detecting a lack of invariance. Results suggest that the chi-square difference test adequately controls the Type I error rate in nearly all conditions, and provides relatively high power when used with maximum likelihood (ML) estimation and normally distributed observed variables. In addition, the power of the test to detect group differences for dichotomous observed variables with robust weighted least squares estimation was generally very low.
The Lawsuit Motif in John's Gospel from New Perspectives: Jesus Christ, Crucified Criminal and Emperor of the World

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

1. Introduction Part One: The Jewish and Roman 'Trial' 2. Jewish Reactions against Violators of the Torah in Philo and John 3. The Official Jewish and Roman Proceedings against Jesus in the Light of Greco-Roman Protocols Part Two: The Johannine Lawsuit Motif in the Light of the Divine Realm and Jurisdiction 4. The Debate about Valid Testimony in John 5:31-40 8:12-20 and Philo, Legum Allegoria 3:205-8 5. The Reversal of the Accusations of Blasphemy: John 5:1-18 and 10:31-9 in a Jewish Context Part Three: The Theme of Jesus' Kingship in Negotiation with Jewish Hopes and the Roman Empire 6. The Divine Lawsuit Motif in John in the Light of Philo's Treatise De Iosepho 7. The Theme of Jesus' Kingship in Negotiation with Jewish Hopes and the Roman Empire Summary Bibliography
O2‐03–01: Exploring β‐secretase activity in lipid raft microdomains

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides are generated from amyloid precursor protein (APP) by the sequential proteolysis mediated by BACE1 and γ-secretase. Previously, biochemical fractionation and antibody co-patching methods revealed that a significant fraction of BACE1 is present in cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains, termed lipid rafts. Disruption of BACE1 association with lipid rafts by cholesterol depletion inhibits or elevates Aβ production depending on the extent of cholesterol depletion. The intricate interplay between cholesterol levels, APP trafficking and BACE1 processing is not clearly understood because cholesterol depletion has pleiotrophic effects on Golgi morphology, vesicular trafficking, and membrane bulk fluidity. We explored the function of BACE1 in raft and non-raft microdomains without altering the cellular cholesterol level. We generated stable cell lines expressing mutant BACE1 lacking the sites of S-palmitoylation, a post-translational modification responsible for targeting a variety of cytosolic and transmembrane proteins to lipid rafts. Fractionation studies showed near complete displacement of this BACE1 mutant from the lipid raft microdomains. Further characterization revealed that the subcellular localization, stability and cell surface arrival of S-palmitoylation-deficient BACE1 was similar to wild type BACE1. Surprisingly, predominant non-raft localization of BACE1 variant did not have any functional influence on BACE1 processing of APP in stably transfected BACE1-/- fibroblast or N2a cell lines. Our results indicate that lipid raft residence of BACE1 is not obligatory for cleavage of APP, and that BACE1 can efficiently cleave APP in both raft and non-raft microdomains.