jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Development of aChlamydia suis-specific antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the use of a B-cell epitope of the polymorphic membrane protein C

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Chlamydia suis infections lead to economic loss in the pork industry. Chlamydia suis infections could be successfully treated with tetracyclines until the appearance of a tetracycline resistant phenotype, which was acquired via horizontal gene transfer of the tet(C) gene. Given the importance of C. suis as a swine pathogen and as a recently emerged tetracycline resistant pathogen with zoonotic potential, our aim was to develop a sensitive C. suis-specific antibody ELISA based on the polymorphic membrane proteins (Pmps). Chlamydia Pmps are important virulence factors and candidate antigens for serodiagnosis. We identified nine Pmps (PmpA to I) in C. suis strain MD56 using a recently developed Hidden-Markov model. PmpC was the most promising candidate for the development of a C. suis-specific antibody ELISA as the protein was absent in C. abortus, C. pecorum and C. psittaci which also infect pigs and as the protein contained C. suis-specific amino acid regions, absent in C. trachomatis PmpC. We identified an immunodominant B-cell epitope in C. suis PmpC using experimental porcine sera. The sensitivity and specificity of the PmpC ELISA was compared to the complement fixation test (CFT) and to a recombinant MOMP ELISA using experimental sera. The PmpC ELISA detected all positive control sera and was in contrast to CFT and the rMOMP ELISA 100% C. suis specific as positive control sera against other Chlamydia species did not react in the PmpC ELISA. The test was successfully validated using slaughterhouse sera and sera from clinically affected pigs. The PmpC ELISA could assist in diminishing the spread of C. suis infections in the pork industry.
“Cyclophilin A” Enzymatic Effect on the Aggregation Behavior of 1N4R Tau Protein: An Overlooked Crucial Determinant that should be Re-considered in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background: Neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD) involve the abnormal aggregation of tau protein, which forms toxic oligomers and amyloid deposits. The structure of tau protein is influenced by the conformational states of distinct proline residues, which are regulated by peptidyl-prolyl isomerases (PPIases). However, there has been no research on the impact of human cyclophilin A (CypA) as a PPIase on (non-phosphorylated) tau protein aggregation. Methods: On the basis of these explanations, we used various spectroscopic techniques to explore the effects of CypA on tau protein aggregation behavior. Results: We demonstrated the role of the isomerization activity of CypA in promoting the formation of tau protein amyloid fibrils with well-defined and highly ordered cross-β structures. According to the "cistauosis hypothesis," CypA's ability to enhance tau protein fibril formation in AD is attributed to the isomerization of specific proline residues from the trans to cis configuration. To corroborate this theory, we conducted refolding experiments using lysozyme as a model protein. The presence of CypA increased lysozyme aggregation and impeded its refolding process. It is known that proper refolding of lysozyme relies on the correct (trans) isomerization of two critical proline residues. Conclusion: Thus, our findings confirmed that CypA induces the trans-to-cis isomerization of specific proline residues, ultimately leading to increased aggregation. Overall, this study highlights the emerging role of isomerization in tau protein pathogenesis in AD.
Explaining EU Activism and Impact in Global Climate Politics: Is the Union a Norm‐ or Interest‐Driven Actor?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This contribution examines the driving factors behind the European Union's activism in global climate politics since the mid‐1990s. Two alternatives are considered: norms and interests. Norms underlying the EU's stance include its belief in multilateralism, sustainable development and the precautionary principle. Interests comprise economic opportunities and the climate change–security nexus. It is argued here that the normative orientation has dominated the EU's ‘leading by example’ strategy in global negotiations. In Copenhagen, it yielded little influence as it was insufficiently geared towards the context of the negotiations. This challenges the notion of ‘normative power’ Europe and makes a review of the Union's external climate policy necessary.
Genetic linkage mapping applied to the generation of tools for breeding purposes and genetic dissection of grapevine agronomical traits at Embrapa Uva e Vinho.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-23T06:50:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1\nGAP005.pdf: 190166 bytes, checksum: 9d683bbcdce56cd25fe7be0d451cd92b (MD5)\n Previous issue date: 2014-02-06
How Does Philippines's Education System Compared to Finland's?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examines the differences between the education systems in Finland and the Philippines. The education systems in both countries have significant differences in terms of policies, teacher qualifications, and curriculum structure. Finland has a highly decentralized curriculum that allows teachers to develop their own curriculum according to the needs and interests of students, while the curriculum in the Philippines is centralized and designed by the central government. The quality and competence of teachers in Finland are also higher compared to those in the Philippines, where a Bachelor's or Diploma Four degree is the minimum requirement for teaching. Finland's success in education can be attributed to the government's persistence and consistency in implementing education policies formulated over the years, and their emphasis on teacher quality and competence. On the other hand, the Philippines has struggled to improve the quality of education, with some policies having little to no positive impact. Given the differences between the two education systems, the study suggests that the Philippines should learn from Finland's education system and adopt some of its policies to improve its own education system. By doing so, the Philippines can improve the quality of education and potentially achieve the same success that Finland has achieved.
Pacific Islander Youth and Sources of Risk for Problem Behaviors (Research Note)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This analysis focused on family, community, school, and individual/peer-based factors that can contribute to problem behaviors among Pacific Islander youth. This study included Native Hawaiian, Samoan, and Tongan youth which are the largest Pacific Islander groups in Utah (U.S. Census Bureau, 2000). The larger study consisted of 30,000 youth participants of which 530 were Pacific Islanders. Participating Pacific Islander youth reported higher levels of actual, as well as risk for, problem behaviors compared to other youth in the study. Pacific Islander youth also reported significantly lower levels of opportunities for prosocial involvement and rewards for involvement in the community but high levels of family attachment and religiosity. Implications for the future are provided.
Interactions and Aggregation of Charged Nanoparticles\nin Uncharged Polymer Solutions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We employ an extension of the single\nchain in mean field simulation\nmethod to study mixtures of charged particles and uncharged polymers.\nWe examine the effect of particle charge, polymer concentration, and\nparticle volume fraction on the resulting particle aggregates. The\nstructures of aggregates were characterized using particle–particle\nradial distribution functions and cluster size distributions. We observe\nthat the level of aggregation between particles increases with increasing\nparticle volume fraction and polymer concentration and decreasing\nparticle charge. At intermediate regimes of particle volume fraction\nand polymer concentrations, we observe the formation of equilibrium\nclusters with a preferred size. We also examined the influence of\nmanybody effects on the structure of a charged particle–polymer\nsystem. Our results indicate that the effective two-body approximation\noverpredicts the aggregation between particles even at dilute particle\nconcentrations. Such effects are thought to be a consequence of the\ninterplay between the respective manybody effects on the depletion\nand electrostatic interactions.
Copula-based robust optimal block designs

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Blocking is often used to reduce known variability in designed experiments by collecting together homogeneous experimental units. A common modelling assumption for such experiments is that responses from units within a block are dependent. Accounting for such dependencies in both the design of the experiment and the modelling of the resulting data when the response is not normally distributed can be challenging, particularly in terms of the computation required to find an optimal design. The application of copulas and marginal modelling provides a computationally efficient approach for estimating population-average treatment effects. Motivated by an experiment from materials testing, we develop and demonstrate designs with blocks of size two using copula models. Such designs are also important in applications ranging from microarray experiments to experiments on human eyes or limbs with naturally occurring blocks of size two. We present methodology for design selection, make comparisons to existing approaches in the literature and assess the robustness of the designs to modelling assumptions.
The assessment of understanding biological concepts: a systematic review

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Assessment is one of the most important components in learning strategies are used to improve student learning and achievement check. The purpose of writing this article is used to determine the types of assessment on the understanding of the concept of biological material, material characteristics, and influences assessment of the understanding of biological concepts. This article discusses the 20 articles published in international journals from 2004 to 2019. The article analyzed the author obtained from database 6, which is Google Scholars, ScienceDirect, CBE, and Taylor & Francis. The analysis showed that the assessment is used to determine the understanding of biological concepts, are the concept of inventory, diagnostic tests, molecular and cell biology assessment, measuring of understanding macroevolution, genetic concept assessment, Gen-bio MAPS, biology core concept and multiple-choice instrument with a drawing activity. Forms of matter used in the form of multiple-choice, multiple-choice T / F, and an open-ended question. Topics to be used in the assessment of understanding the concept, are Plantae, genetics, molecular biology, evolution, microbiology, and photosynthesis. The assessment has used the positive and negative impact on the understanding of biological concepts.
On the Staff and Peculiarities of Democrats’ New Foreign Policy Team

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the article staff, political biographies of main high-ranking participants of the foreign policy’s team of the new democratic administration, their views are studied. The author also argues, that despite highly negative approach to former president D. Trump, democrats borrowed some principles and ideas of trumpism ideology. In particular they drastically reconsidered their attitude toward China. At the same time, they are continuing to use many ideas and principles of Obama’s foreign policy strategy. Their staff policy, aimed at fight with extremism, white supremacy and introduction of the principle of “American diversity”, may lead to weakening American diplomacy as well as US armed forces.
Lessons Learned from Fortune 100 Companies on Job Applicant Attraction

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This research identifies which recruitment characteristics attract potential user interest on social media network LinkedIn, measured by the number of likes the posting received on LinkedIn. This research provides an insight on the recruitment message’s content, form, and function. We contribute to the existing research on social media with practical recommendations. This fills a gap in the recruitment literature, which has been criticized for being too theoretical and lacking practical relevance by focusing not only on the theory but also on the social media behavior of successful employers in practice. To answer our research question, we conducted content analysis using 2020 corporate LinkedIn postings of the Fortune Magazine 100 “Best companies to work for”. We developed a list of 15measures to identify the job- and organizational attractiveness, organized around three main categories: content, form, and function. We found the specific elements of form, function and success on LinkedIn that contributes to user interaction. In terms of content, challenging and interesting work, prestige of the job, company reputation and location contributed to user interaction, whereas the mention of supportive, competent and warm coworkers, did not contribute to user interaction and the description of the job position as prestigious contributed negatively. We found that the form elements of picture, color and audio/video, functional elements of questions contribute to more user interaction. Furthermore, while salary and opportunities for improvement are improvement job selection criteria highlighted in the literature, the practice of Fortune 100 companies show that for the user interaction in social hiring, they are not included. Lastly, the use of links negatively influenced user interaction on social media. Our study confirms the importance of content, form, and function in relation to job and organizational attractiveness on social media. We provide a practical insight into which elements of content, form and function to use for successful online recruitment efforts on LinkedIn.
Supranational policy and economic shocks: the role of the EU’s structural funds in the economic resilience of regions

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Drawing on the experience of a number of EU Member States in implementing Structural Fund programmes during the 2008/09 financial crisis, this chapter explores the role that external interventions can play in promoting resilience and considers whether they are able to provide an additional buffering mechanism in times of crisis. This gives rise to a number of questions regarding as how such policies are governed, the role played by different actors at different levels of government and the ability of regions affected by shocks to make use of such support in times of crisis.
Numerical Analysis of Laser Heating for Laser Assisted Micro Milling Application

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The promising processing techniques of micro scale parts are very important in products miniaturization and functions enhancement. Combination of two or more processing techniques gives better processing performance especially when dealing with difficult-to-cut materials. For that reason, the combination of laser beam and micro milling process has been widely studied and proven efficient in reducing cutting force and tool life extension. However, this process needs a precise temperature control in order to eliminate heat effect generated by laser beam irradiation. In this study, temperature distributions are determined numerically to characterize the melted zone and heat affected zone geometry. From the results, the estimation of tool and micro milling cutter distance together with the allowable depth of cut are determined.
TOPAZ-II U.S. Critical Experiments Program

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This paper discusses the critical experiments planned in the U.S. for the Topaz‐II reactor program. The experiments for each phase of the project are discussed. The initial experiments will focus on obtaining benchmark data on the Topaz‐II flight configuration for validation of computer codes. The final experiments will be conducted to perform necessary pre‐flight measurements and settings. The critical experiments are part of an integrated program to maximize flight safety and system reliability.
Reference database driven statistical analysis of automated frameless CT-MRI registration developed for radiosurgical investigations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aims of this study were (I) to describe statistically the fluctuation of the goodness of automated CT-MRI registration method (2) to evaluate a numerical parameter, scaled to [0,1] interval (lambda), for characterizing the population level accuracy of any automated CT-MRI registration algorithm on voxel similarity basis. The population level distribution of crosscorrelation values between the reference T1-weighted images and the automatically registered images were investigated in five patient groups (brain metastatis, cavernoma, cranial nerve schwannoma, meningioma, trigeminal neuralgia). The evaluated distributions appeared as the mixture of two Gaussians and a peak at the 1.0 value. The evaluated distributions appeared as the mixture of two Gaussians and a peak at the 1.0 value, therefore we classified the result of automated registration into three accuracy types (AT), AT1: cross-correlation equals to 1.0, AT2: when the automatically registered image slightly differs from the reference one, cross-correlation ≈1.0, and AT3: when the crosscorrelation is about 0.4. P auto was introduced as the ratio of well fitted automated registration relative to number of all the registrations, C upper and C lower are the mean of AT2 and A T3 distributions. The A=P auto *C upper /C lower product was used as the measure of the goodness of automated image registration procedure at population level. The evaluated lambda parameter will be used to control the impacts of software modifications and to optimize the functional parameters of the evaluated preprocessing steps.
SH3396140.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Coupled measure of noncompactness and functional integral equations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The aim of this article is to study the results of the fixed-point in coupled and tripled measure of noncompactness (MNC). We will use the technique of MNC for coupled and tripled MNC. Also, we tend to prove some results of coupled and tripled MNC for the family of JS-contractive-type mappings. Moreover, an application with an example is provided to illustrate the results.
Evidence of trained immunity in fish macrophages

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Trained immunity is a form of innate immune memory best described in mice and humans. Trained immunity is defined as a heightened response to a secondary infection that can be exerted toward both homologous and heterologous microorganisms. Typical criteria of trained immunity include: 1) induction upon primary infections or immunizations and subsequent protection against a secondary infection, in a T-and B-lymphocyte independent manner, 2) a response that is less specific than an adaptive immune response but that still confers increased resistance upon reinfection of the host and, 3) the involvement of innate cell types such as NK cells and macrophages involved in improved pathogen recognition and an increased inflammatory response. Clear evidence of the evolutionary conservation of trained immunity in teleost fish is lacking. Given the evolutionary position of teleosts as early vertebrates with a fully developed immune system, we hypothesize that teleost myeloid cells show features of trained immunity common to those observed in mammalian macrophages. These would at least include the ability of fish macrophages to mount heightened responses to a secondary stimulus in a non-specific manner.We established an in vitro model to study trained immunity in fish by adapting a well-described culture system of head kidney-derived macrophages of common carp. A soluble NOD-specific ligand and a soluble β-glucan were used to train carp macrophages, after which cells were rested for six days prior to exposure to a secondary stimulus. Unstimulated trained macrophages displayed evidence ofmetabolic reprogramming, as well as heightened phagocytosis and increased expression of the inflammatory cytokines il6 and tnfα. Stimulated, trained macrophages showed heightened production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species as compared to the corresponding stimulated but untrained cells. Thereby, trained immunity is a form of innate immune memory that appears conserved in macrophages of common carp. Measurement of the production of reactive oxygen species proved particularly informative to identify ligands able to train carp macrophages.
[Frequent infections of neutropenic pediatric patients and therapeutic modalities]

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Neutropenia, resulting from intensive chemotherapy is a common problem. The appearance of fever in neutropenic patients should always raise the suspicion of infection and should be followed by an intensive diagnostic evaluation and start of antibacterial treatment. The authors analyzed the association between isolated bacteria from blood cultures and the clinical background of all febrile episodes that occurred in neutropenic children in a two-year long period. Comparable to the international trends, our results suggest an increased prevalence of the Gram-positive organisms causing bacteriaemia. The clear majority of the isolated bacteria was coagulase-negativ Staphylococcus (cnS), which is a multiresistant strain, and sensitive only to the glycopeptide antibiotics. This latter fact can be a consequence of the frequent use of central venous catheters. The empirical therapy, the therapy used in microbiologically and clinically proved infections, and the supplementary and prophylactic methods of treatment are presented.
The Penn State intelligent distributed control research laboratory

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The authors describe the intelligent distributed controls research laboratory in the College of Engineering at Pennsylvania State University (PSU). The centerpiece of equipment is a modern distributed microprocessor-based control system which was interfaced to real-time simulations of power plant processes. Implementation issues of hierarchical and distributed control for large-scale power plant systems were more fully explored at the university level. The microprocessor-based control system has also been interfaced to the PSU TRIGA nuclear research reactor and enables research in optimal, robust, intelligent, and other advanced control techniques for nuclear power plants.< >