jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Masjids, monuments and refugees in the Partition city of Delhi, 1947–1959

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article explores refugee occupation in Delhi during the aftermath of the Partition in 1947. The temporary occupation of public buildings and open spaces was integral to the difficult and gradual assimilation of hundreds of thousands of refugees into and through the city. Monuments, shrines, mosques and temples provided temporary shelter for refugees and some remained occupied for years after the Partition. The definition and custody of these buildings speaks of the uncertainty and anxiety produced by violence and displacement in 1947 and 1948. The article considers both the modification of these places by the refugees who lived in them, and the gradual and faltering processes of eviction and the restoration of the buildings. The physical imprints of refugee occupation are a significant part of the city's past; a heritage which both marked a rupture in the city's history and reflects broader mores of urban dynamics.
A Study on Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Menopause among Rural and Urban Married Women in Mangalore

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Changes in health and illness of individuals create a process of transition, and clients in transition period tend to be more vulnerable to risks that may in turn affect their health.Uncovering these risks may be enhanced by understanding the transition process.Menopause may be viewed as a transition from middle age to old age by many women.Although some may look upon with pleasant anticipation, many women fear this period because of the anticipated losses. 1 The word 'menopause' derives from Greek word 'men', which means 'month' and 'pausis', which means cessation.Thus, menopause refers to permanent cessation of menstruation at the end of reproductive life due to ovarian follicular inactivity. 2 Menopause is an extremely important yet complex period of time during which many changes occur in a woman in an unpredictable way.It is essential to ensure that a woman understands that the menopause represents a change of life and not an end of life, and that, unless she allows it to do so, it will not result in her suddenly becoming aged and unattractive.Menopause does cause radical alterations in women's physiological functioning and can cause anxiety in women who do not understand the changes that are taking place.Thus, it is important that women during menopausal period have adequate knowledge and positive attitude regarding menopausal transition that may enable them to accept inevitable changes and losses and recognize qualities and capabilities.
Assessment of psychological and speech development in early childhood

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The article discusses and describes in detail topical problems of psychological and speech development of young children. The relevance of this issue is associated with an increase in the number of children with problems in the development of speech already in the first years of life. A brief overview of studies on the formation of functional systems and higher cortical functions in ontogenesis, as well as applied aspects of assessing the psychological and speech development of young children is presented. The authors of the article conducted an experimental study, the results of which showed a visible lag behind the age normative indicators of psychomotor and speech development in children of the test group. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the obtained data showed that the pathogenetic basis of the existing disorders was delayed maturation of brain structures and functions against the background of chronic maternal diseases, unfavorable course of pregnancy, general somatic weakening and neurological status.
Synthetic spectra of the auroras

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The auroral emissions are due to electron precipitations into the upper atmosphere in polar regions. These electrons populations, called suprathermal, due to their high energies (10 eV to 50/100 keV) generates some emissions mainly in the green (O I 557 nm), the red (O I 630-636 nm) and the purple (N2+ 427 nm). However the spectra contains much more lines especially molecular bands such as the 1st&#160;, 2nd postive bands and the Vegard Kaplan band of molecular nitrogen which produces structured vibrational emissons. It is then important to be able to get quasi exhaustive simulations of these emissions. Based on kinetic calculations from the Transsolo code, we implemented simulations of almost all the visible emissions lines of the auroras parametized by the particle precipitations. The code used MSIS 2.0 as atmospheric model, IRI&#160; 2020 for the ionosphere and a very large set of updated cross sections. We propose in this work to present the result of these simulatins in different conditions and to consider the potential uses of such calculations for different auroral physics applications.
Characteristics of Bacterial Colonization after Indwelling Ureteral Stents in Urinary Stone Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Placement of ureteral stents has been standard after the endoscopic procedures because it relieves obstruction caused by the stone and facilitates urine drainage. Bacterial colonization in the stent plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of stent-associated infections. The goal of this study was to determine the frequency, type of pathogens, and the significance of risk factors that may affect bacterial colonization of ureteral stents after endourology procedures in urinary stone patients. Methods: Thirty patients underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy or ureterorenoscopy for renal and ureteric stones were enrolled in this study. Urine specimens were collected for culture examination before stent insertion and on removal. The stents were then removed based on the clinical decision via the cystoscope, and three distal tip segments of the stents were sent for culture examination. Results: Four patients (13.3%) before stent insertion and 11 patients (36.7%) before stent removal had positive urine cultures. Eighteen (60%) stents were positive for the culture. Diabetes mellitus (DM) ( P = 0.018) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) ( P = 0.040) had a significant difference in increasing the risk of bacterial colonization. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common pathogen isolated from the stent culture. Conclusion: An indwelling ureteral stent carries a significant risk of bacterial colonization both on patients with DM and also CKD. P. aeruginosa appears as the most common bacteria in stent culture due to immunocompromised factors of these patients.
Intelligent approach to combining case based reasoning with fuzzy reasoning for design of peritoneal dialysis parameters

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Aiming at the problem existed in peritoneal dialysis, an intelligent peritoneal dialysis system based on combining case based reasoning with fuzzy reasoning is proposed in this paper. The initial dialysis scheme and parameters are selected via case-based reasoning. Then the key dialysis parameters that affect dialysis adequacy can be found and adjusted by fuzzy inference, according to the actual state of patient in dialysis process. The intelligent method can fully make use of doctors' previous experience and can adjust parameters in time according to the effect of dialysis therapy. A simple case study demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed method.
Supplementary Figure 2 from The RASSF3 Candidate Tumor Suppressor Induces Apoptosis and G<sub>1</sub>–S Cell-Cycle Arrest via p53

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>PDF file - 102K, This figure demonstrates the validities of knockdowns of RASSF3 (in HeLa, U2OS, and MCF-7 cells), p53 (in HeLa and U2OS cells), and MDM2 (in HeLa and U2OS cells)</p>
Syntheses, Characterization, and Electrochemical Anion Recognition Investigation of New N‐5‐Ferrocenylisophthalic Amino Acid Methyl Esters

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The N ‐5‐ferrocenylisophthalic amino acid methyl esters derivatives 4a – f were prepared by direct condensation of 5‐ferrocenylisophthalic dichloride to the corresponding amino acid methyl esters. The compounds were fully characterized by a range of NMR spectroscopic techniques, mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) and cyclovoltammetry (CV). The cyclovoltammetric behavior of 4a – f showed one pair of well‐defined and stable redox waves in potential range of 0.0–0.9 V at the GC electrode, which were attributed to the Fc/Fc + redox process. Electrochemical investigations of 4a – f demonstrated that addition of H 2 PO 4 – resulted in large shifts of the respective Fc/Fc + couple to more negative potentials (ca. 39–68 mV), which suggests that compounds 4a – f have good abilities in recognizing H 2 PO 4 – . Moreover, 1 H NMR spectroscopic anion titration studies of 4c and 4e strongly suggest the contributions of the amide and Ar–H protons as the important hydrogen donors in anion binding.
The #metoo momentum and its aftermath: digital justice seeking and societal and legal responses

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper we present an outline of a research project that will be carried out in 2019 – 2021. Below we give a short summary of the project. SummaryThe flood of #metoo witness narratives has demonstrated the pervasiveness of sexual abuse. Yet, #metoo has also made visible different understandings of justice. The campaign against sexual harassment and violence has brought to the fore tensions between justice from the perspective of victims and justice from a formal legal perspective. On the one hand, online forums have offered victims a place for validation, recognition, and perpetrator accountability not offered by the criminal justice system. On the other hand, critics have voiced how the campaign lacks respect for individual rights and individual integrity, particularly regarding practices of “shaming” and stigmatization of perpetrators outside the legal system. Between these terrains of justice, formal legality and informal demands for justice voiced by victims a major justice gap can be identified.The overarching purpose of the project is to work towards developing a framework for understanding justice in relation to sexual harassment and violence. While critical in its investigative approach, the project will seek to develop a constructive way out of the justice impasse the #metoo campaign brings to the fore. The project mainly explores the Swedish incarnation of the campaign, with some comparative #metoo UK/Sweden elements to highlight national differences.Our project explores emerging conceptualizations of justice emanating from the digital #metoo campaign. Further, we will investigate how the victims’ demands are responded to by mainstream media, law, and policy. How does #metoo bring about new conceptualizations of justice and how are efforts made by key actors to lessen the justice gap that the #metoo campaign highlights?To answer these overarching questions we employ both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Concretely, we will study: 1) the demands for justice within the #metoo witness narratives 2) mainstream media’s framing of the campaign 3) various stakeholders’ policy suggestions and possible legal amendments 4) police investigations, prosecutors’ decisions and court judgements. The project is carried out by a research team of scholars from the Legal and Social Sciences at Lund University, Sweden (Ulrika Andersson, Lena Karlsson and Linnea Wegerstad) and Durham University, UK (Clare McGlynn).
Low Frequency Whistlers Generated in the Lower Ionosphere During Strong Thunderstorms

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Methods of determination whistler frequencies generated by the infrasound in E- and F-regions of the ionosphere near the strong thunderstorm epicentre in the Earth atmosphere are proposed. Experimentally, using methods of the vertical Doppler sounding and partial reflections, it has been confirmed the principle that the during a strong thunderstorm, near the epicentre, generating of infrasonic waves of f 1 ~ 0.4-0.8 Hz which spread up to the ionospheric F-region heights is possible. On the basis of both the infrasonic waves trans-formed in the ionosphere into the low frequency whistlers and the dispersion relations, the whistler frequencies were found to be f3 ~ 7-29 kHz, which agrees closely with the theo-retical calculations.
Effects of Self-Monitoring on the Classroom Preparedness Skills of Kindergarten Students at-risk for Developmental Disabilities

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY was to examine the effects of a self-monitoring procedure on the classroom-preparedness skills of three male kindergarten students at risk for developmental disabilities in an inclusive classroom. A multiple-baseline design across participants (Alberto & Troutman, 2009) was used to evaluate the effects of the self-monitoring procedure to increase the student's compliance to classroom-preparedness behaviours. Participants were taught to self-monitor and evaluate their classroom-preparedness behaviour using a checklist with picture prompts. The data, gathered for baseline, intervention, and maintenance phases, was measured as a percentage of compliance to the targeted classroom-preparedness skills. Results indicated that the use of the self-monitoring intervention significantly increased the student's compliance with the classroom-preparedness skills for all three participants. In addition, the skills generalised across different content areas and were maintained without the use of the checklist. Limitations of the study, implications for the classroom, and future research questions are discussed.
Carbon‐Cloth Supported ZnO Nanorods as Binder‐Free Zinc‐Ion Battery Anodes: An Investigation into the Electrode Formation Process

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Zinc‐based batteries are emerging as promising alternatives to mainstream technologies due to their superior safety, cost‐effectiveness, and abundance of raw materials. However, zinc anodes, exhibit insufficient cycle life and low utilization in aqueous electrolytes, mainly owing to shape change and passivation. While nanostructuring of Zn anodes has been explored for Zn‐Ni rechargeable alkaline batteries, no explicit electrochemical studies have elucidated how nanostructures, fabricated in the oxidized state, are reduced during the initial formation step, yielding elemental Zn. In this work, a hydrothermal synthesis of freestanding electrodes is proposed, based on vertically aligned ZnO nanorods grown directly on carbon cloth (CC) ( ZnO/CC ). ZnO nanostructuring mitigates passivation, while the carbon cloth fiber network confines soluble Zn(II) intermediates, hindering diffusion into the electrolyte bulk. Moreover, the CC substrate provides optimal electronic contact to the active material, and acts as a built‐in current collector. This work investigates the evolution of ZnO/CC during the first electrochemical reduction cycle, with emphasis on morphochemical nanostructure changes rather than establishing a benchmark anode. Electrochemical measurements are combined with advanced characterization techniques, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and X‐ray absorption hyperspectral imaging via scanning transmission X‐ray microscopy (STXM) and ptychography at the Zn L‐edge. This multimodal approach offers unprecedented insights into the ZnO‐to‐Zn reduction to guide future Zn‐ion anode design.
Advanced Processor Architecture

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Having read of the many advanced radar techniques in the offing, processor architecture may seem of little import. But the fact is that most of the advanced capabilities of airborne radars to date have only been made practical by substantial increases in digital processing throughput. In the 1970s, multimode operation was made possible in fighters by replacing the hardwired FFT processor with a programmable signal processor (PSP) having a throughput of around 130 MOPS. In the 1980s, the addition of real-time SAR was made possible by quadrupling processing throughput. In the 1990s, the active ESA and other advanced capabilities of the F-22 were made possible by again quadrupling throughput. Vastly higher throughputs will be needed to make practical some of the advanced radar capabilities currently envisioned. Spread spectrum, for example, is highly desirable for both ECCM and LPI. Yet, even a 500 MHz instantaneous bandwidth will require 500,000 MOPS. In this chapter, we'll examine the key architectural features of the late 1990s-era processors: parallel processing, high throughput density, efficient modular design, fault tolerance, and integrated processing. We'll then take stock of a few technology advances which promise substantial throughput increases in the future.
Ultrashort pulse propagation in carbon nanotubes in a magnetic field

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The problem of ultra-short optical pulse behavior in a system of carbon nanotubes with an applied magnetic field parallel to the nanotube axis was considered. The electromagnetic field was explored using the Maxwell equations. The electronic system of the carbon nanotubes was a quantum system and was mechanically investigated for the case of low temperatures. The distributional pattern of the ultra short pulses and their collision were established by means of numerical modeling.
University Students' Perceptions of Integrated Performance Assessment and the Connection Between Classroom Learning and Assessment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In 2013, Integrated Performance Assessment (IPA) was adopted at all levels of instruction at a private university in southern California. The study reports the opinions of 1,236 Novice, Intermediate Low, and Intermediate Mid Spanish students concerning IPA and their perceptions of the way in which classroom instruction was reflected in the content of those assessments. As a group, participants offered positive opinions of IPAs, although these varied somewhat depending on participants' proficiency level, previous assessment experiences, and reasons for taking Spanish, and the characteristics of the students' individual instructors and classes. Pedagogical issues that may influence IPA implementation in second language classes are also considered.
Data from: Social network architecture and the tempo of cumulative cultural evolution

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The ability to build upon previous knowledge—cumulative cultural evolution—is a hallmark of human societies. While cumulative cultural evolution depends on the interaction between social systems, cognition and the environment, there is increasing evidence that cumulative cultural evolution is facilitated by larger and more structured societies. However, such effects may be interlinked with patterns of social wiring, thus the relative importance of social network architecture as an additional factor shaping cumulative cultural evolution remains unclear. By simulating innovation and diffusion of cultural traits in populations with stereotyped social structures, we disentangle the relative contributions of network architecture from those of population size and connectivity. We demonstrate that while more structured networks, such as those found in multilevel societies, can promote the recombination of cultural traits into high-value products, they also hinder spread and make products more likely to go extinct. We find that transmission mechanisms are therefore critical in determining the outcomes of cumulative cultural evolution. Our results highlight the complex interaction between population size, structure and transmission mechanisms, with important implications for future research.
Work Function Characterization of Electroactive Materials Using an&lt;tex&gt;$^rm E$&lt;/tex&gt;MOSFET

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Materials with redox properties have been widely used in sensing applications. Understanding the redox properties of these materials is an important issue. In order to investigate the redox properties, there are several methods, such as using the Kelvin probe and a conductivity sensor, or using other well-known electrochemical techniques. In this paper, we introduce another possibility to characterize redox materials by investigating their work function using an electrolyte metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (/sup E/MOSFET) device, in which the studied redox material is applied as gate electrode. In the /sup E/MOSFET, the conductivity of the channel is modulated by the work function of the studied material. The change in the work function of a redox material due to electrically and chemically induced processes will be shown by an example of the /sup E/MOSFET having a potassium ferric ferrocyanide gate.
PSXIII-25 Use of insect meal an alternative protein source in feline nutrition.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

As the human and pet populations increase, there is a greater demand and competition for dietary protein sources. As such, finding alternative and sustainable proteins that are nutritional adequate and safe for pets is important for future food security. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate 3 insect meals (i.e., Nauphoeta cinerea, Gromphadorhina portentosa, and Zophobas morio larvae) at 2 inclusion levels (7.5% and 15% as is) supplemented in feline diets. This study was conducted at the Canine and Feline Nutrition Center at the Federal University of Lavras, Brazil. Six adult cats (mean BW: 3.7 ± 0.86 kg) were randomly assigned to one of the 6 treatments using a Latin square design. Experimental periods had 15 d; 10 d for diet adaptation and 5 d for fecal collection. A fresh fecal sample from each cat per period was collected to determine fermentative end-product concentrations (i.e., SCFA, BCFA, indoles and phenols) and microbiota (16S rRNA). Following microbial DNA extraction, PCR amplicons from the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene were used for Illumina sequencing. MiSeq data were analyzed with QIIME 1.9.1 using the Greengenes 13_8 reference OTU database (97% similarity threshold). An even sampling depth of 14,580 sequences per sample was used for assessing alpha- and beta-diversity measures. Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) was similar (P > 0.05) among dietary treatments for DM, OM, CP, AHF, and ME. Similarly, fecal concentrations of SCFA and BCFA was not different (P > 0.05) among treatments. Gut microbial richness and diversity were not (P > 0.05) affected by diet. Overall, our results indicate that diets containing up to 15% of insect meal are adequate for cats, being well digested and without negatively affecting parameters related to gut health.
Knowledge-based key-hole monitoring of users for security control in transaction processing systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper considers the interrelationships between knowledge-based security, concurrency and recoverability in on-line database transaction processing systems (OLTP). It describes how OLTP can permit the users to carry out the desired actions, and concurrently activate scrutinizing transactions that identify the users with respect to their biometrical or other characteristics stored in a secure knowledge database. A finite state machine model is used to design protocols for recovery, under security breaches. It is shown that the best way to achieve concurrency and recovery is through shadowing and strict scheduling in conjunction with certification locking or timestamping. One must, however, bear in mind that security and concurrency have conflicting requirements and at best one can only achieve a compromise between them.