jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A study on Singapore small and medium enterprises in the manufacturing sector of China.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) today constitute a major portion of the economy of Singapore, in terms of employment, contribution to the gross domestic products (GDP), and foreign exchange earnings. The quality of their businesses, the comprehensiveness of their services and the level of skills will help determine how competitive the big enterprises can be. However, continuous strong growth of SMEs within the domestic market cannot be sustained and the time has come for local SMEs to look beyond Singapore for trade and investment opportunities. Recognizing the significance of SMEs in helping Singapore to develop an external wing, the objective of this report is to study the prospects oflocal SMEs venturing into China’s manufacturing industry and the possible problems they may face. We will also investigate the reasons behind SMEs venturing abroad and why China is regarded by many Singapore manufacturers as the ideal place to establish their production bases. For our survey, we sent our questionnaires to 110 small to medium enterprises and obtained responses from 34. The data collected was then analyzed to give an insight to our study. Interviews with some local investors were also conducted to reinforce our understanding of the investment environment in China. We hope that this project will provide local investors with useful information for research before they venture into the Chinese market. Although China has unprecedented opportunities for SMEs, but at the same time, they will face many stem challenges and difficulties which cannot be overlooked.
Seismic Behavior of Renovated RC Frame after Column Removal and Retrofitting with Steel X-Bracing and Jacketing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Structural renovation is an economic choice to expand the space of existing frame buildings. To this end, removing a column and strengthening the adjacent beams and columns are required. The renovation should not only redistribute gravity loads but also sustain horizontal seismic actions in seismic regions. Therefore, in this paper, the seismic behavior of a 2-story 2-bay RC frame and a corresponding renovated RC frame after a column removal at the ground story, retrofitted by steel X-bracing at the second story with strengthened beams and columns at the renovated story, is experimentally investigated under cyclic loading. The results demonstrate that the lateral stiffness and peak capacity of the renovated frame are substantially larger than those of the original frame, but the ultimate deformation capacity of the renovated frame is smaller and the energy-dissipation capacity is similar to the original frame. Moreover, macro-based finite-element numerical models of the renovated frame are built, validated, and used for parametric studies. The numerical results suggest that this renovation should be used with the axial compression ratio of side columns in the braced story not greater than 0.5. Finally, this renovation is likely to introduce a soft lower story for a planar 2-bay 2-story frame. Consequently, it is necessary to control the dimensions of strengthened columns, and it is suggested that the elastic lateral stiffness ratio of the renovated story (i.e., with a larger space) to the braced story should be greater than 0.5.
Responsiveness of the trimmed rat subcutaneous adipose tissue beta-receptors to catecholamines in ontogenesis.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In order to estimate the possible changes of the functional state of beta-adrenergic receptors during ontogenesis, the lipid mobilizing effects of isoprenaline (ISO), adrenaline (ADR) and noradrenaline (NA) were studied in trimmed subcutaneous adipose tissue of rats at different stages of postnatal development (5, 14, 21 and 35 days after birth. The release of free acids (FFA) into the incubation medium was measured after addition of increasing concentrations of catecholamines and the dose-response curves were evaluated. In all the studied age groups, ISO produced the highest maximum effect and had the greatest potency. The calculated pD2 values indicate the same potency order ISO much greater than NA = ADR in all age groups and they also demonstrate that there exist no appreciable differences in the affinity single catecholamines at different stages of postnatal development. In comparison with all the other groups, the intrinsic activity of the studied adrenomimetics was relatively low in 14-day-old rats.
Multi-center, randomized, controlled, open-label effectiveness study of primary tumor resection or not in asymptomatic colorectal cancer with unresectable metastatic disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

TPS3628 Background: It is still unclear whether asymptomatic colorectal cancer patients with unresectable metastatic disease can benefit from palliative resection of primary tumor. Retrospective studies showed a controversial result that some patients who received the resection of the primary tumor would prolong their overall survival time for 6 months. We plan to initiate the first randomized study to evaluate the efficacy of the resection of primary tumor in asymptomatic metastatic colorectal cancer patients who respond to initial chemotherapy. Methods: This is a multi-center, randomized, controlled, open label, phase III study. The primary endpoint of the study was overall survival (OS) based on independent assessment. Secondary end-points include progress free survival (PFS), health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and toxicity profiles. The study was designed to have 80% power to detect a 0.71 HR of OS in surgery arm (from 15 month to 21 month). Results from a one-sided log rank test at 0.025 significance level will be presented. Based on these assumptions, a total of 480 patients are needed to observe 320 events. All asymptomatic colorectal cancer patients with unresectable metastatic disease who agree to join this study will receive screening chemotherapy (any useful first line chemotherapy can be used here, except -becacizumab-which may affect the safety of surgery) for 6 months. Those who respond to chemotherapy or stable will be randomly assigned (1:1) to receive surgical resection of the primary tumor or continue chemotherapy. The patients in surgery group will receive chemotherapy after recover from surgery. Recruitment will begin in March 2015. The duration of the trial will be 72 months (36 months recruitment and 36 months follow-up). Clinical trial information: NCT02149784.
Nanofabric Topologies and Reconfiguration Algorithms to Support Dynamically Adaptive Fault Tolerance

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Emerging nanoelectronics are expected to have very high manufacture-time defect rates and operation-time fault rates. Traditional N-modular redundancy (NMR) exploits the large device densities offered by these nanoelectronics to tolerate these high fault rates by allocating redundant resources according to the worst case fault rates. However, this approach is inflexible when the fault rates are time varying. In this paper, we propose a dynamically adaptive NMR approach by developing: (i) a genre of nanofabric topologies that supports sharing of redundancies in the NMR approach so as to adapt to the time varying fault rates and (ii) reconfiguration algorithms for these topologies to deal with fault tolerance loss caused by manufacturing defects and operation-time online faults, respectively. Simulation results verify that the ability to construct reliable systems, possibly the paramount consideration in constructing working applications in nanoelectronics, is significantly improved with the proposed flexible NMR architecture and the reconfiguration algorithms.
Update of annual calving front lines for 47 marine terminating outlet glaciers in Greenland (1999–2018)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Greenland ice sheet has been losing mass in response to increased surface melting (Khan et al. 2015; van den Broeke et al. 2017) as well as discharge of ice from marine terminating outlet glaciers (van den Broeke et al. 2009; Box et al. 2018). Marine terminating outlet glaciers flow to the ocean where they lose mass by e.g. iceberg calving. Currently, the mass loss from the Greenland ice sheet is the largest Arctic contributor to global sea-level rise (van den Broeke et al. 2009, 2017; Box et al. 2018). Therefore, monitoring changes in the Greenland ice sheet is essential to provide policy makers with reliable data. There is a consensus that most marine terminating outlet glaciers have retreated in recent decades, and that the increased calving rates are a response to recent atmospheric and oceanic warming (e.g. Box et al. 2018; Moon et al. 2018). The rate of dynamic mass loss is determined by changes of the glacier calving front (i.e. its terminus) position, ice thickness and changes in ice flow. Ocean temperature and fjord circulation also influence the calving front stability by melting the glacier below the water line, thinning the ice that is in contact with water (Moon et al. 2014). Change in calving front position is therefore an important indicator for monitoring the dynamic behaviour of the upstream area of the ice sheet, which is further modulated by local topographic features and buttressing effects (Rignot & Kanagaratnam 2006; Nick et al. 2009). The Programme for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet (PROMICE) is dedicated to monitoring changes in the mass budget of the Greenland ice sheet, including monitoring of the calving front lines of marine terminating outlet glaciers. Here, we present an updated collection of annual measurements of end-of-melt-season calving front lines for 47 marine terminating outlet glaciers in Greenland between 1999 and 2018. We also present an example application of the data set, in which we estimate area changes for this group of glaciers since 1999. The Greenland calving front lines were measured from optical satellite imagery obtained from Landsat, Aster, and Sentinel-2 (Table 1). The PROMICE calving front product is freely available for download as ESRI shapefiles.
Chapter IV. Coupling Effects of Two-Particle and Alpha Two-Hole States inA= 18 Nuclei

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Properties of low-lying positive-parity levels in <it>A</it> = 18 nuclei are shown to be well understood by considering admixtures of 2<it>p</it> states and 4<it>p</it>-2<it>h</it> states with α-cluster structure (α-2<it>h</it> states). In order to represent α-2<it>h</it> states, and α-14N(14C) cluster model is introduced. This model can describe the weak coupling feature of α-2<it>h</it> states and the coupling between 2<it>p</it> and α-2<it>h</it> states properly. It is shown that the α-2<it>h</it> states exist in the same energy region and also with the same level density as 2<it>p</it> states, and therefore couplings between these two types of states arise inevitably. Calculated couplings of 2<it>p</it> and α-2<it>h</it> states are found to be stronger in <it>T</it> = 0 than in <it>T</it> = 1 states. The binding energy of the ground 1+ (<it>T</it> = 0) state is reproduced by virtue of the coupling effect. Further, a selection rule for the couplings between <it>T</it> = 0 states is derived, which leads to a simple understanding of the breaking mechanism of the weak coupling structure in α-2<it>h</it> states. <it>E</it>2 transitions between α-2<it>h</it> states are enhanced owing to the α-clustering, in good agreement with experiments. Furthermore, by using additional charges δ<it>e<inf>n</inf></it>2<it>p</it> = 0.5 <it>e</it> and δ<it>e<inf>p</inf></it>2<it>p</it> = 0.2 <it>e</it> for 2<it>p</it> states, most of the known <it>E</it>2 transitions are well reproduced. <it>E</it>2 transitions between <it>T</it> = 1 analogue states show interesting coupling effects of 2<it>p</it> and α-2<it>h</it> states. The α-widths and single-nucleon spectroscopic factors are also reproduced nicely and are discussed from the viewpoint of couplings of 2<it>p</it> and α-2<it>h</it> states.
Kanafani's Returning to Haifa and Anne Holm's I am David - Comparative Study

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Life is created for a reason. Hence, everything in this life has its reason for existence, because nothing can come out of nothing. There must be a basis and a root for any obtainable subject matter. To do, to make or to write signifies there must be some further reason, which lies behind it. Authors just like any scientists, workers and experts believe that they should become innovators. To write any sort of literary writings one should add or innovate or at least something meaningful and useful to reflect the raison d'etre that pushes them forward to do such a thing. This paper tries to study two authors' works, Ghassan Kanafani(1936-1972) in his novella Returning to Haifa(1970), and Anne Holm in her novella I am David(1963). Accordingly their works, life and what has been written about them is going to be surveyed so that this work will try to figure out the raison d'etre to know the thing that gives meaning or purpose to their works, or the justification for their existence. This work also tries to figure out the parallel and the paradox raison d'etat and the overriding concern, the interests of the country concerned, and that will justify a political or a diplomatic action which might, otherwise, be considered reprehensible.
The complexity of the stock market

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The stock market is a complex system, somewhere between the domains of order and randomness. Ordered systems are simple and predictable, and random systems are inherently unpredictable. Simple theories do not adequately describe security pricing, nor is pricing random. Rather, the market is permeated by a web of interrelated return effects. Substantial computational power is needed to disentangle, model, and exploit these return regularities.
DISCOURSE STRUCTURE IN CNN 10 NEWS PROGRAM FOR ADOLESCENCE: ANALYSIS OF WAR NEWS REPORTS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memaparkan struktur wacana dari berita perang saudara di Syria pada Januari 2018 dengan menggunakan gabungan teori yang dikemukakan oleh Van Dijk (1988) pada analisi makro dan local, dan Montgomery (2007) pada analisis tematik. Lalu, setelah ditemukan strukturnya, peneliti menarik kesimpulan apakah berita tersebut cocok untuk dikonsumsi oleh remaja. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dilihat dari struktur makro, berita perang lebih mengarah ke sisi kemanusiaan. Lalu, struktur tematik menunjukkan bahwa berita ini mengikuti struktur yang dikemukakan oleh Montgomery (2007). Pada analisis struktur lokal menunjukkan bahwa terdapat bagian yang harus ditunjang ulang karena terdapat unsur kekerasan yang mengarah pada efek priming. Peneliti berharap bahwa penelitian ini mampu memberikan kontribusi terhadap konsumsi berita perang pada remaja.
CTNI-01. INTERVENTION OUTCOMES OF ENHANCED RECOVERY AFTER SURGERY PROTOCOL VERSUS STANDARD CARE FOR GLIOMA PATIENTS IN SELECTED HOSPITALS IN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO: RANDOMIZATION AND STRATIFICATION OF PROVIDERS AND HOSPITALS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) protocols have shown promise in improving perioperative care and patient outcomes in various surgical specialties. Aim: This study will aim to assess the efficacy of ERAS compared to the current standard of care (SOC) for glioma patients in DRC hospitals. METHODS A pragmatic, multicenter, randomized controlled trial will be designed to evaluate the outcomes of glioma patients treated with ERAS protocols versus SOC in selected hospitals in DRC. EXPECTED RESULTS A total of 100 glioma patients will be included in this study, with 50 patients in the ERAS group and 50 in the SOC group. The primary analysis will reveal that the ERAS group will have significantly fewer post-operative complications (p &lt; 0.05) and a shorter length of hospital stay (p &lt; 0.05) compare to the SOC group. Patient satisfaction scores will also higher in the ERAS group. Subgroup analyses by hospital center will indicate consistent trends in favor of the ERAS protocol. Randomization of providers and stratification by hospital will aim to mitigate the influence of individual provider practices and hospital-specific factors on the study outcomes. This approach will be expected to enhance the validity of the results and ensure equitable representation across hospitals. CONCLUSIONS The unique design of randomizing providers and stratifying by hospital will be a critical component of this multicenter trial, which seeks to provide valuable insights into the potential benefits of ERAS protocols for glioma patients in DRC. The findings will guide clinical practice and healthcare policy in resource-constrained settings, ultimately improving the care and outcomes of glioma patients
[Psychoanalysis and psychotherapy in Japan].

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Der Autor skizziert die Psychoanalyse-Rezeption in Japan vor und nach dem 2. Weltkrieg und wurdigt besonders die Leistungen der »Pioniere«, der Mediziner-Gruppe um den Psychiater Marui und der Nicht-Mediziner-Gruppe um Otsuki (in Tokio). Von Ausnahmefallen abgesehen hat sich die psychoanalytische Therapie freilich auch im Zuge der Amerikanisierung in den letzten dreisig Jahren nicht einburgern konnen. Die nicht-individualistische, vom japanisierten Buddhismus gepragte Kultur hat das Ideal der harmonischen Integration der Einzelnen in Gruppe, Gesellschaft und Natur entwickelt. Sie steht der an individueller Autonomie orientierten, charakteristisch »okzidentalen« Psychoanalyse fremd gegenuber. Das lehrt ein Blick auf die typisch japanischen Morita- und Naikan-Therapien ebenso wie auf die »buddhistische Schule« der Psychoanalyse (Kosawa).
AN EXAMINATION OF THE ROLE OF THE BOARD OF TRANSPORT COMMISSIONERS FOR CANADA AS A REGULATORY TRIBUNAL*

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In order to comprehend fully the working of an administrative board or tribunal, it is first necessary to establish the principles which form the basis of its operations. The concept of justice and equanimity between parties has come down to us in the form or theory of “a rule of law.” In attempting to examine the role of the Board of Transport Commissioners insofar as it affects railways in Canada, the concepts of natural justice and impartiality form the test pattern in the light of which the history, development, and operation of transportation is examined and the procedure, practice and problems of the Board are discussed. An examination of the historical development, character, functions and practices of the Board, bearing in mind the evolution of the transport industry and the requirements of a “rule of law” even in administrative or quasi‐judicial bodies, leads to the conclusion that it cannot be described accurately by either “administrative” or “judicial” designation. It is, nevertheless, possible to devise a “rule of law” in the administrative sense. It is the central thesis of this paper that the Board of Transport Commissioners for Canada is a judicial body possessing those apects of administrative tribunals which are conducive to flexibility and informality in the discharge of its supervisory and regulatory functions.
Development and Validation of a Reduced Critical Radius Model for Cryogenic Cavitation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Cryogenic fluids such as liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen, and liquid methane have often been used as liquid rocket propellants, and it is well known that the suction performance of turbopump inducers is better in cryogenic fluids than it is in cold water due to the so-called “thermodynamic effect.” The origin of the thermodynamic effect is the temperature change inside a cavity region that arises from the latent heat transfer across the interface of a cavity. To better understand the suction performance of cavitating cryogenic inducers, we must take into account the temperature changes that take place due to the thermodynamic effect; computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis coupled with an energy equation is one of the most powerful tools for this purpose. The computational cost, however, becomes an obstacle for its application to the design phase, so a reduction in the number of governing equations is often preferable. In the present study, a cryogenic cavitation model that does not need to solve an energy equation is proposed as a reduced model; the model is named the “reduced critical radius model.” This model assumes that the temperature change due to the latent heat transfer can be analytically well estimated on the basis of an approximation of the local equilibrium when the pressure inside a cavity is always kept at a saturation vapor pressure at every temperature (at least on the time scale of the flow field). The proposed method was validated carefully for a variety of objects: blunt headforms, hydrofoils, a two-dimensional blunt wing, and Laval nozzles. The results obtained during the validation were in good agreement with the experimental results, except in the case of strong unsteady cavitation. This indicates that the present method, which does not involve solving an energy equation, offers good potential for application to the design phase of cryogenic cavitating inducers.
Assessing How High School Students Learn Justice

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Learning justice is basic for citizens. The central problem of this research is to assess how high school students learn the virtue of Justice. This research aimed to assess how high school students build this virtue. This article focuses the didactic proposal which was developed by third grade high school students who could organize their thinking and practice about justice through reading and writing texts. It was possible for these students to observe themselves about their knowledge of justice and how the concept of this virtue was achieved. The theoretical foundation is Alasdair MacIntyre’s moral philosophy. This philosopher points to moral disorder in today society and calls our attention to moral emotivism. He considers the Aristotelian virtues in a twenty first century’s account as a paradigm for moral living. This is a quality research and its methodology was Sensible Listening as described by Rene Barbier. The data were analyzed according to Laurence Bardin’s theory. The results show that students had been gradually changing the emotive concept of justice to the concept of justice as a virtue.
Merleau-Ponty on the Sexed Body

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter turns to Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s account of the sexed body in the Phenomenology of Perception. It focuses on his notion of the sexual schema to show that, contrary to a number of feminist critiques, it does not (1) posit a neutral body overcoded by culturally-contingent sexual determinations or (2) erase the feminine body, but is informed by Merleau-Ponty’s particular version of Husserl’s phenomenological reduction whereby factic determinations are ‘bracketed’ to permit the object under study to reveal itself as it is rather than as we wish it to be or have been conditioned to think it. Having clarified the structure of Merleau-Ponty’s thinking, the chapter subsequently defends Merleau-Ponty against the long-standing claim that entwining sexuality with existence prevents an analytic of and by extension positive conception of sexuality. To do so, it argues that Merleau-Ponty rejects the monadic logic that this charge is premised on to instead challenge us to think of sexuality in terms of its integration with an individual’s entire embodied and embedded existence. This emphasises the ambiguity, afoundationalism, individuality, and open-ended immanent expressivity of sexuality.