jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Testing the environmental Kuznets curve in selected West African countries: empirical evidence estimation

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Environmental economics studied has become increasingly most popular in local and international community.In this paper, we empirically tested the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis by analysis the relationship between growth of environmental quality and growth of per capita income.The panel estimation such as fixed effect and random effect were applied.From the results, the fixed effect model for growth for CO 2 revealed that growth for population density, growth of per capita income, growth of per capita income squared, growth of trade openness, growth of exchange rate, and growth of agriculture valued added were statistically significant.The results further indicated that growth of trade openness lead to an increases in growth of environmental quality.The growth of population density has positive and significant effects on the growth rate of environmental quality and has the a-priori expectation in our model.
Reversing Uncontrolled and Unprofitable Urban Expansion in Africa through Special Economic Zones: An Evaluation of Ethiopian and Zambian Cases

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite the growing attention on uncontrolled and unprofitable urban sprawling in many African countries, few pragmatic solutions have been raised or effectively implemented. While uncontrolled and unprofitable urban expansions happened primarily due to poor land use management and dysfunctional land market, the cost of land management enforcement and reform is high. This paper suggests that the recently re-emerging special economic zones (SEZs) in Africa could be a practical way of using government intervention to reduce uncontrolled urban expansion and optimize urban land use. By evaluating the spatial impacts of two SEZs on their host cities in Ethiopia and Zambia, this paper demonstrates that SEZs could notably change urban expansion in terms of its speed, direction, and spatial structure. By using SEZs as an experimental area for land policy reform, the government can also effectively unlock a profitable urban development model with the functional primary and secondary land market. However, the diverging results in Ethiopia and Zambia also show that the optimizing effect can be significant only when the government is participatory and can fulfil its public function, including delivering proper planning in advance, lunching land policy reform, and even executing compulsory land acquisition for public interests.
Application of Nd-YAP laser to the conventional treatment of periodontal and endodontic combined lesions

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Purpose: The aim of this study was to show the clinical results of combination of Nd-YAP (1340nm) laser therapy with conventional endodontic and periodontal treatment. Materials and Methods: Four patients with chronic advanced periodontitis and endodontic infection were treated with conventional treatment and Nd-YAP laser therapy. Occlusal adjustment and splinting were done for stabilization of the teeth with severe horizontal and vertical mobility. The protocol for periodontal treatment was followed as scaling and root planing, pocket irrigation with 3% H_2O_2 and exposure of Nd-YAP laser using 320µm optical fiber with 160mJ/pluse, 30Hz. The other protocol for endodontic treatment was followed as access opening, canal preparation by hand and rotary instrument, canal filling, and exposure of Nd-YAP laser using 200µm optical fiber with 200mJ/pluse, 10Hz and 180mJ/pluse, 5Hz which were used respectively for disinfection and canal filling. The assessments of probing depth, mobility, and radiography were made prior to and after treatment. Result: All of these four clinical cases showed good healing of periodontium, which presented decrease of mobility and pocket depth, and increase of bone regeneration and bone density on the radiography. Conclusion: The bactericidal effect of Nd-YAP laser would provide benefits for improving clinical results that are obtained from conventional therapy.
La enseñanza de la Geometría en Colombia desde la perspectiva de Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article analyzes the need to provide technological learning environments in the teaching of Geometry of educational institutions in Colombia, where the community is involved. Since in some texts geometrical objects are presented in the plane drawn in two dimensions and this type of representations students have become accustomed, causing obstacles of epistemological and didactic type in learning, which would be solved if geometry softwares are used dynamics, which allow visualization and interaction with objects in their entirety as a unit.
Antigenic relationship and functional properties of Yersinia porins.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

We have studied the molecular structure and functional properties of major pore-forming proteins isolated as peptidoglycan (PG)-protein complexes from four Yersinia species (Y. intermedia, Y. enterocolitica, Y. kristensenii and Y. frederiksenii) cultured as various temperatures. Despite the close antigenic relationship, Yersinia porins revealed different functional properties. When reconstituted in model membranes, the PG-protein complexes induced conductance which was different for the "cold" (grown at 6-8 degrees C) and "warm" (grown at 37 degrees C) variants of microbial cultures. We conclude that the functional state of Yersinia porins in the outer membrane depends on the cultivation temperature.
Painting Hinemihi by numbers: Peoples-based conservation and the paint analysis of Hinemihi's carvings

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study describes the analysis of paint samples from carvings belonging to Hinemihi, the Maori meeting house, Clandon Park, Surrey, UK. The assessment of physical evidence contained within Hinemihi's built fabric (along with historiographic research of archival sources and oral histories) has formed a key part of the information gathering process during the current conservation project. The production of such data provides an opportunity for a dialogue that is essential for effective decision-making within participatory conservation projects. From this, it is evident that the use of paint analysis, in deciding the eventual painted scheme for a restored Hinemihi, is settled within a broader dialogue about the conception, use, and management of Hinemihi as a Maori cultural centre, as built heritage, and as an object of conservation. Therefore, the value of material analysis is considered in relation to the potential that this information has to engage a community of users in designing an effective conservation response that seeks to balance the opportunities and constraints of the cultural and physical landscapes that surround Hinemihi and Clandon Park.
House Price Fluctuations: The Role of Housing Wealth as Borrowing Collateral

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract Rising house prices affect household spending by either loosening a household's lifetime budget constraint (pure wealth effect) or the household's borrowing constraint so that consumption rises toward the level implied by the consumption Euler equation (borrowing collateral effect). The empirical findings in this paper are consistent with house price appreciation affecting household spending through the borrowing collateral channel and not the pure wealth effect channel. The consumption of potentially borrowing constrained households increases between [dollar]0.06 and [dollar]0.18 per dollar increase in their housing equity, while the consumption of unconstrained households is little changed.
Satisfying strict deadlines for cellular Internet of Things through hybrid multiple access

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Latency‐constrained aspects of cellular Internet of Things (IoT) applications rely on Ultra‐Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC), which highlight research on satisfying strict deadlines. In this study, we address the problem of latency‐constrained communications with strict deadlines under average power constraint using Hybrid Multiple Access (MA), which consists of both Orthogonal MA (OMA) and power domain Non‐Orthogonal MA (NOMA) as transmission scheme options. We aim to maximize the timely throughput, which represents the average number of successfully transmitted packets before deadline expiration, where expired packets are dropped from the buffer. We use Lyapunov stochastic optimization methods to develop a dynamic power assignment algorithm for minimizing the packet drop rate while satisfying time average power constraints. Moreover, we propose a flexible packet dropping mechanism called Early Packet Dropping (EPD) to detect likely to become expired packets and drop them immediately. Numerical results show that Hybrid MA improves the timely throughput compared to conventional OMA by up to and on average by more than . With EPD, these timely throughput gains improve to and , respectively.
Radiosensitizing Effect of Extract from Germinating Barley Seeds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SummaryFilterable extract was obtained from germinating seeds of barley, variety N.P. 104. Seeds of the same variety were soaked for 5 hours in equal quantities of this extract and distilled water. The two types of pre-soaked seeds, along with a set of dry seeds, were irradiated with increasing doses of gamma-rays from 10 kR onward.The pre-soaked seeds produced a higher mutation rate than dry seeds; but soaking in water resulted in less radiosensitization than soaking in the extract. The difference between mutation frequencies was smallest at the lowest dose of radiation and constantly increased with the application of higher doses. The seed extract may affect certain processes that are little or not at all affected by water alone. The greater effectiveness of seed extract is better seen at higher doses of radiation; at lower doses the total damage is too small to give a significantly different response to the two forms of soaking.
Remote Cognitive Therapeutic Exercise in Facial Nerve Palsy Rehabilitation: Pandemic Tips and Tricks.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Facial nerve palsy is a clinical diagnosis differentiating between central upper motor neuron lesions and peripheral lower motor neuron lesions. Rehabilitation is an important issue in peripheral facial nerve palsy management. In this article, we present the case of an adult woman affected by right peripheral facial nerve palsy due to acoustic neuroma surgical excision. She immediately started a rehabilitation plan, but it was stopped due to COVID-19 lockdown and did not resume because of the fear of contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Therefore, we planned to treat her palsy with remote neurocognitive rehabilitation. After 10 months of treatment, the patient underwent a follow-up physiatric assessment, confirming right facial palsy improvement. There was a slight nasolabial groove flattening and slight left oral rime deviation while smiling (House-Brackmann classification improved from Grade IV to III). Telerehabilitation represents a valid strategy for neurocognitive rehabilitation, not only in a pandemic scenario, but also in other conditions that lead to social distancing.
Energy Landscape Design Principle for Optimal Energy Harnessing by Catalytic Molecular Machines

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Under temperature oscillation, cyclic molecular machines such as catalysts and enzymes could harness energy from the oscillatory bath and use it to drive other processes. Using a novel geometrical approach, under fast temperature oscillation, we derive a general design principle for obtaining the optimal catalytic energy landscape that can harness energy from a temperature-oscillatory bath and use it to invert a spontaneous reaction. By driving the reaction against the spontaneous direction, the catalysts convert low free energy product molecules to high free energy reactant molecules. The design principle, derived for arbitrary cyclic catalysts, is expressed as a simple quadratic objective function that only depends on the reaction activation energies, and is independent of the temperature protocol. Since the reaction activation energies are directly accessible by experimental measurements, the objective function can be directly used to guide the search for optimal energy-harvesting catalysts.
Characteristics of the exine and aperture of pollen grains of Eriosema and Rhynchosia (Leguminosae – Papilionoideae – Phaseoleae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The genera Eriosema and Rhynchosia, which comprise approximately 150 and 230 species, respectively, belong to the tribe Phaseoleae and to the subtribe Cajaninae. The pollen morphology of 49 species of Eriosema and 13 of Rhynchosia were studied using scanning electron microscopy to identify diagnostic characteristics that could aid in the taxonomic circumscription of those genera. The pollen grains analysed were obtained from specimens deposited in the BOTU, CEPEC, IPA, HRB, HUEFS, OUPR, P, S, UFC, and UFRJ herbaria. The species studied demonstrated that the pollen grains dispersed in monads, are isopolar or heteropolar, triporate or tricolporate, angulaperturate; with the endo-aperture membrane generally psilate and the exine largely reticulate heterobrocate, except for R. claussenii which is microreticulate. We discuss these diverse characteristics, including the ornamentation of the endo-aperture membrane and the margins of the apertures and reticula, to obtain information that possibly could be used to differentiate between the two genera. Although this proved not to be possible using pollen, because many characters overlap between the two genera, nevertheless some species display unique, taxonomically useful, characters, such as R. platyphylla which has an apocolpium in the shape of a 'Y', E. bauchiense with a verrucate exine ornamentation, and E. benthamianum with fossulate lumina. Additionally, two pollen types were identified in Eriosema, one group of species with 3-porate pollen grains and the other composed of species with 3-colporate grains.
Short bowel syndrome: Complications and management

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Short bowel syndrome (SBS) occurs when a patient loses bowel length or function significantly enough to cause malabsorption, oftentimes requiring lifelong parenteral support. In adults, this occurs most commonly in the setting of massive intestinal resection, whereas congenital anomalies and necrotizing enterocolitis predominate in children. Many patients with SBS develop long‐term clinical complications over time related to their altered intestinal anatomy and physiology or to various treatment interventions such as parenteral nutrition and the central venous catheter through which it is administered. Identifying, preventing, and treating these complications can be challenging. This review will focus on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of several complications that can occur in this patient population, including diarrhea, fluid and electrolyte imbalance, vitamin and trace element derangements, metabolic bone disease, biliary disorders, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, d ‐lactic acidosis, and complications of central venous catheters.
Review on Mild Cognitive Deficits in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The cognitive symptoms such as impaired short-term memory or concentration are perceived as the mild cognitive impairment( MCI) in patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome( CFS). In recent years the role of cognitive impairment in CFS has become one of the most concerned issues. This paper reviews the research progress of the recent 20 years and gives vision and recommendations for future research.
Valuing lead time in a dynamic order-up-to inventory system

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The lead time in an inventory system has an impact on inventory (holding and/or shortage) costs as well as on the purchase or production costs. Usually, shorter lead times result in lower inventory costs while also entailing higher purchase or production costs. The former results from a reduced exposure to demand uncertainty, while the latter is due to expediting the production and/or delivery process which typically comes with additional expenses. de Treville et al. (2014) [Production and Operations Management, vol. 23(12), 2103-2117] propose a real-options model to determine the value of lead time in a single-period newsvendor setting by quantifying the effect of reducing (or extending) the lead time on the exposure to forecast uncertainty in terms of a justified increase (or required decrease) in unit purchase or production cost. The difference in unit purchase or production cost quantifies the offset to compensate for the change in exposure to forecast uncertainty, and hence the change in inventory costs. In this paper, we consider a periodic review dynamic order-up-to (OUT) inventory system in a nonstationary demand environment in which forecast distributions are a crucial input to the inventory system. We extend the model proposed by de Treville et al. (2014) to this dynamic OUT setting. Finally, we apply the extended model to a case study and illustrate its use as decision support tool for deciding what lead time to use.
Study of the antigenicity of P. yoelii parasitized erythrocyte ghost antigens and their role in protection

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The overall objective of this dissertation was the study of membrane antigens of parasitized erythrocytes in Plasmodium yoelii, a rodent malaria model. Unstimulated peritoneal cells from C57/Bl 10 mice phagocytosed P. yoelii parasitized erythrocytes in vitro more effectively in the presence of immune and hyperimmune sera than normal sera, suggesting these antibodies react with novel antigens expressed in the membrane of parasitized erythrocytes. A surface immunofluorescence assay used to detect the binding of hyperimmune serum antibodies to surface antigens was suggestive of, but did not conclusively demonstrate, the presence of novel surface antigens on parasitized erythrocytes. It was not possible to measure specific anti-plasmodial antibody using an enzyme linked immonosorbent assay (ELISA) although different variations of the technique were pursued. There was no significant difference between the binding of normal or hyperimmune sera to normal erythrocyte ghosts or R. yoelii parasitized erythrocyte ghosts in the ELISA. More conclusive evidence for the presence of parasite-derived membrane antigens in infected erythrocytes were obtained by 50S-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation of biosynthetically labeled membrane antigens. Plasma membranes of P. yoelii trophozoites contained ten neoproteins with apparent molecular masses of 92.5, 79, 76, 69, 60, 43, 31, 30, 19 and 14.3 kDa. These proteins were metabolically labeled with 3H Isoleucine and immunoprecipitated by hyperimmune serum, however not all of these proteins were detected by immunoblotting. Some of these proteins appeared to have co-migrating normal host membrane antigens (92.5, 80 and 69 kDa). A vaccination experiment was performed to determine whether parasitized membrane preparations could induce an immune response capable of protecting mice against P. yoelii infection. BALB/c mice immunized intravenously with a single dose of P. yoelii parasitized erythrocyte ghosts without adjuvant developed a significant level of protective immunity against challenge with the homologous parasite as compared to controls, immunized with normal erythrocyte ghosts. In contrast, mice vaccinated with either two doses of normal erythrocyte ghosts or P. yoelii parasitized erythrocyte ghosts with Complete Freund's Adjuvant injected subcutaneously into the tail were not protected against challenge with P. yoelii parasites. The results of this study support a possible role of parasitized erythrocyte membrane antigens in immunity to malaria in the P. yoelii mouse malaria model.
Modelling Brain Connectomes Networks: Solv is a Worthy Competitor to Hyperbolic Geometry!

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Finding suitable embeddings for connectomes (spatially embedded complex networks that map neural connections in the brain) is crucial for analyzing and understanding cognitive processes. Recent studies have found two-dimensional hyperbolic embeddings superior to Euclidean embeddings in modeling connectomes across species, especially human connectomes. However, those studies had limitations: geometries other than Euclidean, hyperbolic, or spherical were not considered. Following William Thurston’s suggestion that the networks of neurons in the brain could be successfully represented in Solv geometry, we study the goodness-of-fit of the embeddings for 21 connectome networks (8 species). To this end, we suggest an embedding algorithm based on Simulating Annealing that allows us to embed connectomes to Euclidean, Spherical, Hyperbolic, Solv, Nil, and product geometries. Our algorithm tends to find better embeddings than the state-of-the-art, even in the hyperbolic case. Our findings suggest that while three-dimensional hyperbolic embeddings yield the best results in many cases, Solv embeddings perform reasonably well.
Qumran Caves in Context: Lamps Q43 and Q44 from Cave 1Q as a Case Study

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Cave 1Q was visited and looted on several occasions between 1947 and late 1948, before official excavations took place in 1949. This caused an upheaval of the archaeological context and a dispersion of the materials from the cave. As a result, we must ascertain the findspot and the subsequent history of acquisition of the archaeological artefacts assigned to the cave: those not coming from official excavations, but also some recorded in the excavation reports, which often omit information about the excavation process, how the archaeological materials were retrieved, and where they were found. In some cases, archival documentation allows us to recover this information and recompose the archaeological context of the cave in a more consistent way. Lamps Q43 and Q44, assigned to Cave 1Q, and belonging to a distinctive type barely attested outside Qumran, represent an interesting case study in this respect; especially if we consider that they have played a key role in the debate on the chronology of the scroll deposit inside the cave. The present work allows us to put forward some methodological considerations, to highlight some shortcomings in previous studies, and to underline the importance of a holistic approach to the investigation of the material context of the Qumran caves.
Amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein levels during midtrimester of trisomy pregnancies.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To investigate the association between low amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and trisomy pregnancies, we retrospectively reviewed 26 trisomy pregnancies including 18 fetuses with Down's syndrome and eight with trisomy 18. The amniotic fluid AFP median values of Down's syndrome, trisomy 18, and the study groups were 0.73 MoM, 1.15 MoM, and 0.85 MoM, respectively. There was a significant difference between the mean values of the Down's syndrome-affected fetuses (0.78 +/- 0.29 MoM) and that of the control group (p < 0.001), whereas no such difference was found for that of trisomy 18-affected fetuses (1.16 +/- 0.38 MoM). Only three patients in the study group (3/26, 11.5%) had an amniotic fluid AFP value below 0.5 MoM, including the two cases of Down's syndrome (2/18, 11.1%) and one case of trisomy 18 (1/8, 12.5%). Most of the values for the trisomy pregnancies were within the normal range, thereby precluding the possibility of using this measurement as an alternative to fetal karyotyping as a screening test for Down's syndrome or other trisomy pregnancies.