jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Wage differentials based on trade and globalisation.

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The paper investigates the effect of trade and globalisation on wage differentials in Singapore, testing the hypothesis that increased economic integration has attributed to the wage gap between workers of different skill levels. Overall, the findings show that, contrary to past research, increase in trade has only had a modest effect on wages in all industries. With the examination of some indicators of globalisation, our paper concludes that globalisation is the key factor in causing wage differentials. The paper also provides an in-depth explanation of how the different indicators affect workers of different skill levels in the manufacturing and services sectors.
Complex Software Systems in Legacy and Modern Environments: A Case Study of the PicklingTools Library

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Most complex software systems are written in many languages and utilize multiple frameworks. The PicklingTools is an open-source collection of libraries (see the website at http://www.picklingtools.com) allowing multiple systems (both modern and legacy) to communicate. The original purpose of the PicklingTools was to allow users to communicate with a legacy product (written with a monolithic legacy framework called Midas 2k) without needing the legacy framework. Since then, the toolset has evolved to become a standalone framework for building applications in the C++ and Python programming languages. This case-study explores how the PicklingTools has been used to evolve existing legacy applications, exploit existing legacy installations, and author new modern applications.
H.D.: Feet, Hands and Hieroglyphs

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter continues the argument developed in chapter 3 on translation as a composite activity/event that involves the word, the image and the body and reads this in relation to H.D. translations of Greek plays (Euripides), and aspects of these that appear in her poetry. It expands the idea of embodied ekphrasis to include the notion of the hieroglyph as that modernist emblem and gesture that combines a kinetic and an aesthetic sensibility. The chapter suggests that H.D.’s experiments in modernist renditions of Greek prosody could be read as parallel to her stylised acting with the POOL group of avant-garde filmmakers, and in tandem with her essays on ‘Cinema and the Classics’, bringing together modernist thinking about the radical potential of cinema with her equally radical translations of Greek plays. This mixing of ideas about translation of the classics and cinema, presents H.D. not simply as a translator but as a dramaturge and creates connecting threads between H.D.’s project and Gertrude Stein’s idea of The Landscape Play.
Nanoemulgel Innovative Approach for Topical Gel Based Formulation

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The lipophilic nature of majority of newly developed drugs has resulting in poor bioavailability, and pharmacokinetic variations. The goal of this evaluation is to evaluate and report the current potential and future scope of nanoemulgel formulation for becoming an effective delivery system for poorly water-soluble drugs. Nanoemulgel consist two different systems in which drug containing nanoemulsionis incorporated into a gel base. The fusion of these two systems makes this formulation advantageous in several ways. Lipophilic drugs can be easily incorporated and the skin permeability of the incorporated drugs can be enhanced in several folds due to the finely distributed oil droplets in gel phase. Simultaneously, it can be targeted more specifically to the site of action and can avoid first pass metabolism and relieve the user from gastric/systemic incompatibilities. The nanoemulgel drug delivery system is a formulation related intervention to improve drug absorption and therapeutic profile of lipophilic drugs. An increasing trend in nanoemulgel use in recent years has been noticed because of the better acceptability of the preparation to the patients due to their non-greasy, convenience spreadability, and easy applicability and good therapeutic and safety profile. Despite having few limitations, nanoemulgel formulation can be considered as potential and promising candidates for topical delivery of lipophilic drugs in the future.
Parvimonas micra -polarized M2-like tumor-associated macrophages accelerate colorectal cancer development via IL-8 secretion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Parvimonas micra (Pm), a periodontal pathogen, has been implicated in the impairment of anti-tumor responses in colorectal cancer (CRC). The tumor microenvironment in CRC involves tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which are pivotal in modulating tumor-associated immune responses. The polarization of TAMs towards an M2-like phenotype promotes CRC progression by suppressing the immune system. However, the mechanisms by which Pm affects the progression of CRC remain inadequately elucidated. In this study, we explored the impact of Pm infection on CRC cell characteristics, including proliferation, chemoresistance, migration, and macrophage polarization. We found that Pm-infected THP-1-derived macrophages exhibited elevated interleukin-10 levels, a well-established M2 marker. Conditioned media from Pm-treated THP-1 cells significantly enhanced CRC cell proliferation, cisplatin resistance, and migration, and interleukin-8 was identified as a key factor. Consistent with the in vitro results, an azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate mouse model treated with oral Pm showed accelerated CRC tumor growth. These results offer mechanistic insights into the influence of Pm infection on tumor microenvironment in CRC through M2-like macrophage polarization. The identified pathways may serve as potential targets for therapeutic interventions for CRC.
Precursors of select GPI-anchored proteins positively regulate GPI biosynthesis under the control of ERAD

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract We previously reported that glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis is regulated by endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD); however, the underlying mechanistic basis remains unclear. Based on a genome-wide CRISPR–Cas9 screen, we show that a widely expressed GPI-anchored protein CD55 precursor and ER-resident ARV1 together upregulate GPI biosynthesis under ERAD-deficient conditions. In cells defective in GPI transamidase, GPI-anchored protein precursors fail to obtain GPI, remaining the uncleaved GPI-attachment signal at the C-termini. We show that ERAD deficiency causes accumulation of the CD55 precursor, which in turn upregulates GPI biosynthesis, where the GPI-attachment signal peptide is the active element. Among the 32 GPI-anchored proteins tested, only the GPI-attachment signal peptides of CD55 and CD48 enhance GPI biosynthesis. ARV1 is essential for the GPI upregulation by CD55 precursor. Our data demonstrate an ARV1-dependent regulatory connection between GPI biosynthesis and precursors of select GPI-anchored proteins that are under the control of ERAD.
An Analysis of the Mode of Habitation in the Iron Age of the Mountainous Region of Northern Iran, Based on the Distribution of Sites

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In the mountainous lands of northern Iran, most of the excavated sites of the Iron Age (1450 BC ~ mid-3rd century B.C.) have been graveyards. Consequently, except for funeral customs, there is a lot of obscurity about certain basics such as the modes of habitation and the occupations. In this paper, we analyze dates from surveys of recent years together with the results of earlier investigations and present the basic data of the distribution of Iron Age sites of the study area. Based on this, we investigate the modes of habitation and occupation. In this analysis we date the surveyed sites in more detail, based on the results of the study of pottery. We also group and analyze sites according to their natural geographic conditions and compare them. In this way, through an understanding of both the detailed chronological changes and the detailed regional diversity of the distribution of sites, we attempt to grasp the relation between the distribution of the sites and the geographic factors. As a result, we find that in the Iron Age the number of settlements increased notably and their zone of distribution also expanded. But certain aspects of these changes were not always uniform throughout the region. Based on the diversity by area of the distribution of the sites, we can trace the process in which an area which has the particular geographic conditions began to be chosen. Because the increase of settlements was especially remarkable in that area, we can hypothesize that these shifts were accompanied by the establishment of new modes of habitation as well as shifts in occupation.
A variant-informed decision support system for tackling COVID-19: a transfer learning and multi-attribute decision-making approach

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, characterized by its extensive societal, economic, and environmental challenges, escalated with the emergence of variants of concern (VOCs) in 2020. Governments, grappling with the unpredictable evolution of VOCs, faced the need for agile decision support systems to safeguard nations effectively. This article introduces the Variant-Informed Decision Support System (VIDSS), designed to dynamically adapt to each variant of concern’s unique characteristics. Utilizing multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) techniques, VIDSS assesses a country’s performance by considering improvements relative to its past state and comparing it with others. The study incorporates transfer learning, leveraging insights from forecast models of previous VOCs to enhance predictions for future variants. This proactive approach harnesses historical data, contributing to more accurate forecasting amid evolving COVID-19 challenges. Results reveal that the VIDSS framework, through rigorous K-fold cross-validation, achieves robust predictive accuracy, with neural network models significantly benefiting from transfer learning. The proposed hybrid MADM approach integrated approaches yield insightful scores for each country, highlighting positive and negative criteria influencing COVID-19 spread. Additionally, feature importance, illustrated through SHAP plots, varies across variants, underscoring the evolving nature of the pandemic. Notably, vaccination rates, intensive care unit (ICU) patient numbers, and weekly hospital admissions consistently emerge as critical features, guiding effective pandemic responses. These findings demonstrate that leveraging past VOC data significantly improves future variant predictions, offering valuable insights for policymakers to optimize strategies and allocate resources effectively. VIDSS thus stands as a pivotal tool in navigating the complexities of COVID-19, providing dynamic, data-driven decision support in a continually evolving landscape.
ELECTRONIC VOTING SYSTEMS USING PAILLIER CRYPTOSYSTEM BASED ON HOMOMORPHIC ENCRYPTION

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Electronic voting methods have opened up new possibilities for democratic procedures that are effective and open to all.However, concerns regarding the integrity and privacy of votes persist.The Paillier cryptosystem is used in this research's advanced electronic voting system to increase security and safeguard voter privacy.This research intends to create a trustworthy framework that enables accurate vote tallying while preserving voter anonymity by incorporating strong cryptographic techniques.The design, implementation, and cryptographic processes of the advanced electronic voting system are all examined in depth in this research.This novel strategy is based on the Paillier cryptosystem, which is renowned for its high security features and homomorphic encryption abilities.The proposed architecture enables accurate counting of encrypted votes while maintaining the privacy of individual ballots through homomorphic encryption.In order to develop a user-friendly system that voters and election officials can easily accept, the research also looks into pragmatic issues like scalability, usability, and auditability.The results of this study have important significance for the development of democratic processes.This study aims to increase voter confidence in elections by implementing a safe and privacy-preserving electronic voting system.
Utility of Aprepitant in the Management of Pediatric Patients with Cyclical Vomiting Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Cyclical vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a recurrent debilitating illness characterized by intense episodes of nausea and emesis with widely varied pharmacological management across the country. Aprepitant is now increasingly used in patients with CVS. The impact of aprepitant as an abortive therapy in the readmission of pediatric patients with CVS is currently unknown. Methodology: We analyzed all pediatric patients with a primary diagnosis of CVS using the ICD-10 code in the Pediatric Health Information System database of the Children’s Hospital Association. We evaluated the demographic data, comorbid conditions, and management details during the inpatient stay. CVS patients who received aprepitant during their inpatient hospitalization were compared with patients without aprepitant use. Seven-day readmission rate for CVS was used as the outcome variable to assess the effectiveness of the aprepitant in aborting an episode. Propensity score matching was used to match the two cohorts. Results: We analyzed 1775 patients of which 96 received aprepitant during the inpatient hospitalization. The aprepitant group had a more severe hospitalization course as evidenced by an increased duration of hospital stay (5 vs. 3 days) and total hospitalization costs ($11,790 vs. $6380). There were no significant differences in the 7-day (17% vs. 16%, p = 0.91) readmission rate and results were not altered by propensity score matching. Conclusions: Aprepitant use as an abortive therapy did not affect the 7-day CVS-related readmission rate. Further prospective studies are needed to explore the role of aprepitant as an abortive agent in the management of CVS in the pediatric population.
Tracking the Elephant ( Lexodonta Africana ) Corridor and the Human-Wildlife Conflict in Selela Village

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The beastly journey of long-distance migration for the African Elephant (Lexodonta Africana) is important for upholding their connections between diminishing protected areas, especially in northeastern Tanzania. However, human development is encroaching into these corridors, creating a human-elephant conflict, which can ruin livelihoods of villagers, depending on the extent of conflict. This study focused on exploring the hypothesized human-elephant conflict on the Selela corridor, specifically in Selela village, as well as GPS (Global Positioning System) mapping evidence of elephant travel along the projected Selela elephant corridor connecting Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA), to Selela Forest Reserve (SFR), and finally to Manyara Ranch. 61 interviews were conducted in the Selela village that consists of about 7,000 Maasai and Wambulu people. The village is adjacent to the SFR, which backs up to the Rift Valley Escarpment. Opportunistic interviews were conducted along the corridor with pastoralists, agriculturalists, Askari gaurds, and one key-informant interview. Furthermore, the corridor was physically mapped by using Global Positioning System to mark each piece of evidence (dung, tracks, browsing, scratching, and wallowing). We found that, after compiling interviews and GPS waypoints of elephant evidence, we can conclude the Selela elephant corridor is currently used for migration during the rainy season. We support our hypothesis that elephants currently travel during the rainy season from NCA to SFR and from Manyara Ranch to Losimangori Mountains (LM), and possibly from LM to SFR, but there was not enough elephant evidence to confirm that area is still connected to the SFR. There is a large human-elephant conflict in Selela village, where elephants often kill humans and destroy farmland. Elephants might travel to the SFR in order to escape dangerous ants in NCA, to eat crops, and for the high phosphorous levels in the forest for lactating females. We hope that this study can be used to help conserve this vital elephant corridor and assist in resolving the human-elephant conflict in Selela village in the wake of increasing human development.
The After-School Programme: An Arena for Interaction with Others through Body Movements in Play

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article investigates how the body movements in children's play are related to their interaction with others. Qualitative material was gathered from close observation and qualitative research interviews among eight- and nine-year-old children in an after-school programme (ASP) in Norway. The theoretical perspective is phenomenological. The study shows that body movements in the children's self-chosen and child-managed play outdoors are extensive and arise from play situations where children spontaneously seek interaction with others. Such bodily interaction occurs largely in small groups of best friends or in larger groups that come together as the participants undertake the same activity. The children's body movements play a significant role in their interaction with others and can be interpreted as a fulfilment of their seeking such interaction. Based on the findings, it is recommended that self-chosen and child-managed play outdoors be encouraged in the ASP. While extensive body movements arise out of interaction in play, the play may also contribute to the children's health and development. The ASP can fill a complementary function to institutions with structured and adult-controlled activities.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WAGES AND PRODUCTIVITY: TAR UNIT ROOT AND TAR

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We analyzed the relationship between wages and productivity i n 1990 - 2007 period in Turkey. At the first stage we followed the traditional unit root tests and apply the analysis followed by unit root test procedure proposed by Caner and Hansen (2001). Then we discussed the long run nonlinear relationship between wages and productivity by employing the TAR cointegration analysis developed by Hansen and Seo (2002).
Longitudinal fish species diversity and distribution in a medium-sized Afro-tropical river in the Lake Victoria Basin

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Despite significantly influencing fisheries characteristics of major global basins, medium-sized rivers such as Awach Kibuon remain the least studied. This study evaluated longitudinal fish species diversity, distribution, and environmental influence in Awach Kibuon River, Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya, to inform sustainable management of fisheries resources within the region. Nine sites located in different zones of the river were sampled monthly for eight months in 2019 and 2020. Fish samples were collected for 45 minutes using a backpack electrofisher on a 50-m river reach in every sampling site. Selected physico-chemical parameters (pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, conductivity, and turbidity) were measured in situ using standard methods. Longitudinal river fish diversity was assessed using species richness, Simpson's Index (D), Shannon-Weiner Index (H′), and Pielou's Evenness Index (J). A total of 983 fish specimens belonging to 21 species, 12 genera, seven families, and six orders were caught during sampling. Cyprinidae was the most dominant family, represented by nine species, followed by Claridae, Mochokidae, and Cichlidae, represented by three species each. Longitudinal species richness, abundance, and diversity indices deviated from the expected downstream increase. Upstream stations had no fish, whereas midstream and river mouth stations had moderate and high species diversity, respectively. Pearson's correlation analyses showed that temperature, conductivity, TDS, depth, and velocity influenced fish species richness in the river. The above findings call for the inclusion of medium-sized rivers in fisheries management plans of Great Lakes Basins for sustainability.
Article Airborne Thermal Data Identifies Groundwater Discharge at the North-Western Coast of the Dead Sea

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract: A qualitative and quantitative monitoring of groundwater discharge was conducted based on an airborne thermal campaign undertaken along the north-western coast of the Dead Sea in January 2011 to contribute to the relatively scarce information on groundwater discharge to date in the region. The application of airborne thermal data exploits thermal contrasts that exist between discharging groundwater and background sea surface temperatures of the Dead Sea. Using these contrasts, 72 discharge sites were identified from which only 42 were known from previous in situ measurements undertaken at terrestrial springs by the Israel Hydrological Service. Six of these sites represent submarine springs and at a further 24 locations groundwater appears to seep through the sediment. Although the abundance of groundwater seepage sites suggests a significant, but so far unknown groundwater source, the main contribution appears to originate from
Measles Outbreaks in a Population with Declining Vaccine Uptake

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Measles is a highly infectious and potentially dangerous disease. Before mass vaccination was started in the United Kingdom, measles caused an average of 100 deaths per year (1). Since the introduction of vaccination, vaccine uptake has risen from around 50 % in 1968 to 76 % in 1988. After the introduction of the combined measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine in 1988, vaccine uptake rose rapidly to a national average of 91 % by 1998 (2), at which time the alleged side effects of the MMR vaccine began to be widely discussed. Although all of the claims of serious side effects have been refuted, there has been a decline in the uptake of the MMR vaccine in the United Kingdom leading to a growing pool
Removal of basic green 5 by carbonaceous adsorbent: Adsorption kinetics

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Eucalyptus lenceolata wood was collected from Malakand division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Chemical activation of sample was conducted for surface efficiency. Batch studies were performed to address various experimental parameters like, contact time, temperature and adsorbent dosage for the removal of dye. For elemental analysis, surface morphology and for identification of different functional groups, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques were applied, respectively. Removal of dye (Basic Green 5) was studied on raw and activated samples by kinetics adsorption at different temperature. BET adsorption isotherm was used to characterize the surface area of the sample. Under the conditions investigated, a higher carbonization temperature promoted development of porous structures. Intraparticle diffusion, Elovich and Bhangam models were used for adsorption kinetics studies. From adsorption kinetic data thermodynamic parameters like ΔH≠, ΔS≠ and ΔE≠ were determined. The results show that the adsorption is spontaneous process. The endothermic nature of adsorptive process is due to the positive value of enthalpy. The negative entropy shows that acids molecules on the surface of adsorbent take an oriented position. The results shows that all the models were best fitted for these data of adsorption.