jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Primary effusion lymphoma complicating cardiac tamponade: a case report].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 76-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of exertional dyspnea and leg edema during the previous month. Her systolic blood pressure on admission was 80 mmHg with 12 mmHg of pulsus paradoxous, and her pulse rate was 110 beats/min. Chest radiography revealed marked cardiomegaly and echocardiography showed massive pericardial effusion mainly behind the left ventricle and collapse of the right ventricle. The initial diagnosis was pericardial tamponade. Pericardiocentesis and pericardial drainage revealed bloody pericardial effusion. After drainage, her vital signs improved and her symptoms immediately disappeared. The cytological analysis of the pericardial effusion revealed numerous lymphoma cells. Computed tomography of the neck, chest and abdomen showed no evidence of tumor masses, lymph node enlargement, or hepatosplenomegaly. Infectious disease, collagen disease and aortic dissection were excluded. The final diagnosis was primary effusion lymphoma. The prognosis of primary effusion lymphoma is generally unfavorable because it is frequently accompanied by immunodeficiency disease. However, there was no human immunodeficiency virus infection in this patient. Fortunately, the effect of chemotherapy was excellent and the patient is doing well 1 year after the diagnosis.
Integrated medicine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is a chronic inflammatory disease regulated by T lymphocytes. Th17 is a key effector in the immune response and play critical roles in the development of autoimmunity by producing IL-17, TNF-α and IL-6. Aim: To determine the pattern regulatory of IL-17 in children with OSAS. Method: Obese children 12-17 years who attended polysomnography at University Malaya Medical Centre were recruited. They grouped into non-OSA (Apnoea hypopnea index (AHI) < 1 event/hr (n=8)), mild-OSA (1<AHI<5, (n=6)) and moderate to severe-OSA (AHI > 5 events/hr (n=11)). 22 non-obese children were recruited as controls. , Plasma samples were analysed for inflammatory cytokines using bead–based bioplexing technique to determined their expression fold changes with p-value <0.05. Canonical regulatory profile of the cytokines and their role in the OSAS severity was determined. Results: IL-17 in mild OSA and moderate to severe OSA groups is a key component in differential regulation of cytokine production, in macrophages and T-helper cells. In addition to the high level of IL-17, enhancement in level of expression of IL-6, IL-10, IL-13 and CCL2 may be associate with OSAS severity. Conclusion: OSAS severity in children is associated with enhancement of differential regulation of cytokine production in macrophages and T helper cells by IL-17. We showed a significant involvement of Th2 lymphocytes in OSAS severity. These results opened an alternative explanation for the substantial activation of immune cells in OSAS and the development of related complications.
[Aerodynamic aspects in the concept of treatment in chronic sinusitis maxillaris (author's transl)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hitherto the conditions of air flow had been neglected in the concept of treatment of chronic inflammation of the maxillary sinus. Our experimental and clinical studies with measurement of airflow and temperature yielded several aspects of clinical importance as follows: The maximum size of the operated opening in the antral wall should be more than 10 X 10 mm. to achieve optimal ventilation. If there are two meatal open windows, the operated fenestration in the inferior meatus, for example, and the ostium maxillaris in the middle meatus, an "aerodynamic short circuit" arises. This results in insufficient ventilation. Large fenestrations have the same effect.
Elements of a grammar of Kashkay : a turkic language of Iran

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Ce travail est la premiere grammaire descriptive de la variante amaleh du kashkay, une langue turcique de la branche Oghouz, parlee principalement dans la province de Fars au sud de l’Iran. Il se fonde sur les donnees recueillies par l’auteur au cours de ses campagnes de terrain, menees parmi les Kashkay. L’auteur, etant lui-meme locuteur de cette langue, a produit lui-meme de nombreux exemples. La these se compose d’une introduction, d’une grammaire, d’un corpus de textes, et d’annexes. L’introduction fournit premierement des informations sur les differents aspects de la communaute kashkay, puis porte sur l’etat actuel de la langue kashkay. La grammaire, composee de seize chapitres, suit un plan traditionnel. Elle commence par la phonologie, se poursuit avec les parties du discours et les points essentiels de la morphologie. Puis elle traite des principales questions de la syntaxe. Le corpus comprend divers types de litterature orale kashkay. Il contient aussi des interviews, qui representent le kashkay de la vie quotidienne parle par les locuteurs amaleh. Les textes transcrits sont presentes avec leur traduction en anglais. L’annexe comprend un texte entierement glose, un lexique des mots kashkay avec leurs significations en francais et en anglais, des tables contenant les caracteristiques morphophonologiques des suffixes kashkay, une liste des suffixes kashkay, et une bibliographie des ouvrages cites et consultes
Energy Supply for Active Transport in Anaerobically Grown Escherichia coli

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Escherichia coli K-12, grown under anaerobic conditions with glucose as the sole source of carbon and energy without any terminal electron acceptor added, contains a fumarate reductase system in which electrons are transferred from formate or reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide via menaquinone and cytochromes to fumarate reductase. This fumarate reductase system plays an important role in the metabolic energy supply of E. coli , grown under so-called “glycolytic conditions,” as is indicated by the growth yields and maximal growth rates of mutants impaired in electron transfer or adenosine triphosphatase ( uncB ). In mutants deficient in menaquinone, cytochromes, or fumarate reductase, these values are considerably lower than in mutants deficient in ubiquinone or a functional adenosine triphosphatase. Electron transfer in this fumarate reductase system leads to the generation of a membrane potential, as is indicated by the uptake of the lipophilic cation triphenylmethylphosphonium by membrane vesicles prepared from cytochrome-sufficient and uncB cells. The generation of a proton-motive force by the fumarate reductase system was also demonstrated by the uptake of amino acids under anaerobic conditions in membrane vesicles of cytochrome containing and uncB cells grown under glycolytic conditions. Membrane vesicles of cytochrome-deficient cells failed to accumulate triphenyl-methylphosphonium and amino acids under these conditions, indicating that cytochromes are essential for the generation of a proton-motive force. Using glutamine uptake as an indication of the generation of ATP and proline uptake as an indication of the generation of a proton-motive force, it was demonstrated in whole cells that the proton-motive force is formed by ATP hydrolysis in cytochrome-deficient cells and by electron transfer in the uncB cells. In cytochrome-containing cells it was not possible to distinguish between these two possibilities, but the growth parameters suggest that, under glycolytic conditions, the proton-motive force is generated via electron transfer in the fumarate reductase system rather than via ATP hydrolysis.
Cell wall modifications in roots of in vitro grown Douglas-fir plantlets exposed to aluminum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aluminum (Al) is a trace element that may hamper plant growth and development. Tolerance mechanisms could imply the cell wall as it is the first barrier before entry into the plant cell. Douglas-fir plantlets were grown in vitro on media supplemented with different aluminum chloride (AlCl3) concentrations up to 1 mM. The characterization of the cell wall revealed quantitative and qualitative modifications in the polysaccharidic composition of the wall, in particular in roots whose pectins showed a higher galacturonic acid content with less ramification and a lower degree of methylesterification (DME) explained by a higher pectin methylesterase activity; these Al-induced changes suggest an Al-trapping process in cell wall structures. In stems and needles, the observed increase in DME rather suggests an exclusion of Al from the cell wall.
A comparative study of the karyotypes of eight <i>Xenopus </i>species and subspecies possessing a 36-chromosome complement

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A comparative study of the karyotypes of eight <i>Xenopus </i>species and subspecies possessing a diploid number of 36 chromosomes <i>(X.l</i>. <i>laevis, Xl</i>. <i>petersi, Xl</i>. <i>victorianus, X</i>. <i>borealis, X</i>. <i>gilli, X</i>. <i>fraseri, </i>and <i>X</i>. <i>clivii</i>) was performed. Karyotypes based on the morphology and size of chromosomes differ only by the type and position of secondary constrictions. Some of these constrictions are nucleolar organizers, recognizable by mitotic chromosomal association. By comparing the chromosomes bearing secondary constrictions, an attempt is made to establish the cytotaxonomic relationships. The close relationship between the subspecies <i>X.l</i>. <i>laevis, X.l</i>. <i>petersi, </i>and <i>X.l</i>. <i>victorianus </i>is confirmed; <i>X</i>. <i>borealis, </i>however, is a separate species much nearer to <i>X</i>. <i>muelleri</i>. The karyotype of <i>X</i>. <i>gilli </i>is interpreted as being intermediate to these two groups. <i>X</i>. <i>clivii </i>could be regarded as a species close to the group of <i>X</i>. <i>muelleri</i>. <i>X</i>. <i>fraseri, </i>having a particular type of secondary constriction, is systematically more distant.
CaMKII inhibition in vascular smooth muscle improves angiotensin II–hypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The multifunctional calcium/calmodulin‐dependent kinase II (CaMKII) is expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and activated by Angiotensin‐II (Ang‐II). To test the hypothesis that CaMKII in VSMC mediates Ang‐II‐hypertension, we developed transgenic mice that express the specific CaMKII peptide inhibitor CaMKIIN selectively in VSMC (Tg SM CaMKIIN). These mice have a 65 % reduced CaMKII activity in arteries (p<0.01) and identical baseline blood pressure compared to littermate controls. Following Ang‐II infusion at pressor dose, the increase in mean pressure was significantly attenuated (129±4 mmHg vs, 116±3 mmHg, p<0.05). Ang‐II increases Ca 2+ influx through L‐type Ca 2+ channels (LTCC). Cytosolic Ca 2+ ([Ca 2+ ]) rise leads to an increased vascular tone. Compared with littermates, freshly isolated mesenteric VSMC of Ang‐II treated Tg SM CaMKIIN mice had significantly reduced voltage gated L‐type Ca 2+ current ( I Ca ), I Ca facilitation. Moreover, the [Ca 2+ ] elevation in response to Ang‐II stimulation was reduced by 50 % in VSMC of TgSM CaMKIIN mice (0.045±0.002 vs, 0.025±0.003; ratio340/380; p<0.05) whereas, level of total releasable SR calcium was decreased by 35 %. In conclusion, inhibition of CaMKII in VSMC significantly attenuates Ang‐II induced hypertension through regulation of LTCC and by restoring the calcium homeostasis. CaMKII may be a novel target in treating hypertension.
Transfer and dissipation of strain energy in surrounding rock of deep roadway considering strain softening and dilatancy

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this study, the transfer and dissipation of strain energy in the surrounding rock of a deep roadway were analyzed, considering the objective strain softening and dilatancy behaviors. The strain energy increment was decomposed, and its variation was analyzed based on the incremental plastic flow theory; then, a numerical simulation was conducted for verification and further analysis. The results were verified by the field monitoring data of a coal mine gateway. The results show that in the elastic stage, the volumetric elastic strain energy density U ev decreases, while the shear elastic strain energy density U es increases. In the plastic stage, both U ev and U es decrease. The volumetric plastic strain energy density U pv is negative, and its absolute value increases, leading to strain energy accumulation. In contrast, the shear plastic strain energy density U ps is positive and increases, leading to strain energy dissipation. Considering strain softening, the elastic strain energy decreases, the plastic strain energy increases, and the region of strain energy dissipation expands. Considering dilatancy, the plastic strain energy varies more significantly, and the effect of strain softening is amplified. The strain energy is transferred from the deep part to the shallow part of the elastic zone and then to the plastic zone. The preexisting and input strain energies in the plastic zone are transformed into considerable amounts of plastic strain energy and then dissipated. Thereafter, a significant plastic strain appears, leading to the large deformation of the surrounding rock.
Predictive Value of PRISM-4, PIM-3, CRP, Albumin, CRP/Albumin Ratio and Lactate in Critically Ill Children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The accurate prediction of the prognosis for critically ill children is crucial, with the Pediatric Index of Mortality (PIM) and Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) being extensively utilized for this purpose. Albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and lactate levels, which are indicative of inflammation and circulatory status in critically ill children, have not been incorporated into existing scoring systems. This retrospective cohort study evaluated the association between biological markers and the clinical outcomes in children with critical illnesses. PRISM-4 and PIM-3 death probability (DP), albumin, lactate, CRP, and CRP/albumin ratio were recorded upon admission. The accuracy of the indexes in predicting mortality were assessed by calculating the area under the curve (AUC). There were 942 patients included and the 28-day mortality rate was 7.9%. The AUC for PRISM-4, PIM-3, CRP, CRP/albumin ratio, albumin, and lactate were 0.923, 0.896, 0.798, 0.795, 0.751, 0.728, respectively. The findings in the subgroup analysis of septic patients were similar to those found in the overall population. Although CRP, CRP/albumin ratio, albumin, and lactate levels are all linked to mortality in children, CRP and the CRP/albumin ratio have lower predictive values than albumin and lactate. Incorporation of albumin and lactate into scoring systems will improve predictability.
Truth-Telling

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Research indicates that most patients and their families want to know the truth about their illness, even when the news is not good. Healthcare professionals have an ethical obligation to tell patients and families the truth about their illness, prognosis, and available treatment options, including hospice care. Failure to provide truthful information impedes patients and families from making treatment and/or end-of-life choices that are consistent with their wishes. Fear of taking away a patient’s hope is a common reason why healthcare professionals may not tell patients the truth about their prognosis. However, this reason is based on misconceptions about hope. This article addresses ethical issues surrounding truth-telling in clinical practice, including ethical rationale, professionals’ obligations, outcomes of not telling the truth, reasons healthcare professionals do not tell the truth, and ways of telling the truth without taking away hope.
Exploring the Long-Term Effects of the Statewide Implementation of an Automated Writing Evaluation System on Students’ State Test ELA Performance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Automated writing evaluation (AWE) is an artificial intelligence (AI)-empowered educational technology designed to assist writing instruction and improve students’ writing proficiency. The present study adopted a quasi-experimental design using the inverse probability of treatment weighting method to explore the long-term effects of an AWE system known as Utah Compose on students’ state test English Language Arts (ELA) performance. The participants included 134,425 students in Grades 4–10 in Utah from school year 2015 to 2018. Findings showed AWE’s cumulative benefit to students’ ELA performance, but those cumulative effects decreased each year and peaked after three years of implementation. This study is the largest evaluation of AWE effects to date in terms of both its sample size and the duration of investigation. The findings regarding AWE’s cumulative effects on students’ state test ELA performance, which is a distal outcome at the state level, have significant implications for policy and practice regarding large-scale AWE implementation.
Effects of 915 MHz Electromagnetic Fields on the Concentration of Neurotransmitters in the Brain Tissue of the Mice

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective To study the effect of 915 MHz electromagnetic fields on the concentration of neurotransmitters in the brain tissue of the mice,to investigate the mechanism of effects of microwave on central nervous system(CNS). Methods 30 one-month-old SPF-level Kunming male mice were divided randomly into high-dose group, low-dose group and control group. From 9 o'clock everyday in the morning,they were exposed to 915 MHz electromagnetic fields for 2 hours in turn during the continuous 30 days,the power density of which were 5 mW/cm2,2 mW/cm2 and 0 mW/cm2. The concentration of monoamine neurotransmitters(NE, DA, 5-HT) and metabolite (DOPAC, 5-HIAA) in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus were detected by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detector(HPLC-ECD).The concentration of Ach in the remnant brain tissue was detected by spectrophotometer. Results The concentration of monoamine neurotransmitters(NE,DA,5-HT),DOPAC (metabolite of DA) and 5-HIAA(metabolite of 5-HT) in the cerebral cortex were not significantly different among the three groups using the analysis of variance (P0.05). The concentration of monoamine neurotransmitters(NE,5-HT),DOPAC and 5-HIAA in the hippocampus were not significantly different(P0.05).The concentration of Ach in the remnant brain tissue of the three groups was not significantly different(P0.05). Conclusion After exposing to the 915 MHz electromagnetic fields, the changes of the concentration of monoamine neurotransmitters in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, and the changes of the concentration of Ach in the remnant brain tissue could not be found.
MODELING OF A MICROSTRIP FIFTH ORDER LOW PASS FILTER FOR WIMAX APPLICATION

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Microstrip filters are used to combine or select microwave frequencies within a specific limit. They have been put to use for systems communicating in the wireless mode in today's world. Over the past few years, the transmission and reception rates of data have transformed the wireless communication scenario in the world. High-speed communication has a pre-requisite of specialized filters encompassing the specifications for fast transmission of data. To achieve this a new inexpensive low pass fifth-order filter has been designed in this article. The proposed filter has been implemented for 3.2 GHz cut-off frequency suitable for WiMAX applications. There is a close agreement between the simulated and computed S-parameters of the designed filter. The filter has the advantage of low cost, highly reliable, and compact size.
Research on Establishing the Regeneration System of Cynanchum Paniculatum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The induction and differentiation of the callus were studied for young stem of Cynanchum inamoenum and then rooting and transplanting of tube plantlets were also studied,in the end an asexual system of Cynanchum inamoenum were successfully carried out in the experiment.The results showed that MS+BA0.5mg.L-1+2,4-D 1.8mg.L-1-2.0mg.L-1 was the optimum medium for callus induction.The ideal medium for callus differentiation was MS+AgNO30.6mg.L-1+KT0.7mg.L-1+NAA0.1mg.L-1.The method of rooting was that transfer into the 1/2MS media after the cut of adventitious bud was treated in the 50mg.L-1IAA for 10min.The seedling grew well with flourishing root and blooming and seeding in the former years.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Isoaristeromycin from D‐Glucose.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A rare case of leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava in a 32‐year‐old patient

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Leiomyosarcoma is a malignant tumor that develops from the smooth muscle constituents of the middle layer in veins, usually affecting the inferior vena cava (IVC); however, this disease is observed in older patients. In this report, we describe a rare case of a 32‐year‐old female patient who presented with leiomyosarcoma. Initially, the patient complained of moderate‐intensity pain in the abdominal region of the right hypochondrium and nausea, worsening postprandial starting 6 days earlier. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a heterogeneous hypoechoic expansive formation, with lobulated contours and ill‐defined limits in the projection of the IVC. Inferior vena cavography, showed obliteration of the vessel in almost all of its extensions. Magnetic resonance examination showed a large expansive lesion occupying the IVC. The lesion was resected, and the specimen was sent for anatomopathological analysis, which showed a leiomyosarcoma of the IVC. Patients with leiomyosarcoma have a poor prognosis, and early diagnosis and complete resection with free surgical margins are the only chance of long‐term survival. The report stands out due to the appearance of this condition in a young patient with no family history of this disease or other predisposing carcinogenic pathologies.
User interfaces for microcomputer-based neonatal monitoring systems

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

From 1980 a Loughborough University, St George's Hospital and All Saints' Hospital research group developed a microcomputer-based neonatal monitoring system. During the course of their research it was apparent that most of its users could be characterized as "naive" computer users. Because of the restraints of the physical environment within a neonatal unit careful consideration had to be given to ascertaining an ideal user interface. The aim of this research was to investigate the most suitable user interface which would enable the naive user to input data and make use of the vast amount of data automatically collected by the monitoring system. An analysis of existing computer based medical monitoring systems was carried out but none were found to be as sophisticated as that being developed by the Loughborough research group. It was also apparent that very little effort had been dedicated to user interfaces for this application. [Continues.]
Stochastic online learning under unknown time-varying models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An online learning problem under stochastic time-varying models is considered. The problem is treated as a generalization of the classic multi-armed bandit problem when the arm distributions are time-varying. The objective is to study the impact of time variation in arm distributions on the performance of the player's strategy. Sufficient conditions on the rate of model variations under which learning can or cannot improve the regret order are established.