jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
MANAGEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE IN CITIES IN INDIA: DEVELOPING A FRAMEWORK

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The growth in construction sector particularly in and around mega-cities in India has provided impetus to newer challenge of managing construction and demolition (CD and through non-directive interviews with key sector experts (mainly architects and construction managers). The findings from literature indicate barriers and challenges relating to management of C&D waste in cities within India and outside. Outcome of interviews with architects and construction managers from the city-region of Delhi NCR affirm the barriers faced by construction industry and reflect on potential strategies that metro cities in India need to adopt in accordance with key stages of construction project cycle of medium and large-scale construction projects. This paper drawsattention forenhanced role of architects and managers of construction projects,for a comprehensive management of C&D waste in metro cities in India.
The Norse in Scotland: Assembly and New Ancestors

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter examines the evidence of Norse administrative structures and thing sites in Norse Scotland. This area, unlike Iceland, Greenland and the Faroes, had been populated since the Mesolithic period, and the Norse therefore interacted with existing populations. In this area, the Norse expressed themselves just as in Scandinavia, through the appropriation of monuments, above all large mounds. The other assembly site features are similar to those found in the other Norse settlements as well as Scandinavia, although some influence from the Picts and Gaels of Scotland is seen.The nature of the evidence of law and assembly varies across Norse Scotland, partly as a result of the different political situations. The most detailed evidence relates to Orkney and Shetland, where Norse rule lasted the longest.
Energy, food group and nutrient intake, and BMI differ by attitudes about food: implications for nutrition education

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study examined associations between BMI, food/nutrient intake, and attitudes about food in a cross-sectional national sample of midlife women (n = 1,103) (mean age 49.6 yrs, BMI 27.8 kg/m2, low-energy reporters excluded). Energy and food/nutrient intakes were from a mailed 1-day food record. Height and weight were self-reported. Cluster analysis based on responses to 66 attitudinal questionnaire items divided women into 7 segments: health conscious, creative cook, hate to cook, limited time cook, family before self, live to eat and boredom binger. After controlling for potential confounding factors, regression analyses showed that BMI was lowest among women in the health conscious, creative cook and hate to cook groups and highest among women in the live to eat and boredom binger groups. Intake of energy, fat, added sugars, sodium, refined grains, and soft drinks generally followed the same patterns across groups as BMI. Women in the creative cook and live to eat groups consumed more fiber, calcium, and vitamins A and C and those in the hate to cook group had the lowest intakes of fruit and vegetables compared to other groups. Results indicate that nutrition education should be tailored to improve intake among women based on emotional eating, compromising intake for family needs, and limited time to prepare meals. Support from National Research Initiative, USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.
Defining the role of cerebellar output circuits in food-seeking behaviour

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The cerebellum modulates motor learning and coordination, as well as non-motor functions such as motivation and feeding control. Lesion and perturbation in the cerebellum are linked to disruption of feeding behaviour in rodent and human studies, but details about cerebellar-mediated pathways that control feeding is not well defined. The current study utilises molecular genetics and behavioural analysis in mice to examine the contribution of neuronal subpopulations of neurons in the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) in food-seeking behaviours and to delineate the circuit elements involved. Viral mapping of the connectivity of the DCN with extra-cerebellar regions revealed that these output neurons are indirectly linked to the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, which is an important modulator of hunger responses. A major target of the DCN, zona incerta, receives cerebellar input and then project to the arcuate nucleus. To examine the functional relevance of this pathway, we have employed a chemogenetic strategy in mice to selectively and acutely manipulate the activity of DCN neurons. The activation of DCN neurons results in appetite loss and reduced food-seeking behaviour in mice, and opposite results are observed when DCN is activated. To determine whether neuronal subpopulations in the DCN differentially regulate feeding, we have correlated the feeding response of manipulated mice to subnuclei of the DCN including IntDL, Lat and IntPC. Together, we defined the connectivity and functional relevance of a pathway linking the cerebellum and hypothalamus, and provide insight into how perturbation of a cerebellar output circuit could lead to disrupted feeding behaviour.
Canonical Correlation Analysis for Feature-Based Fusion of Biomedical Imaging Modalities and Its Application to Detection of Associative Networks in Schizophrenia

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Typically data acquired through imaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), structural MRI (sMRI), and electroencephalography (EEG) are analyzed separately. However, fusing information from such complementary modalities promises to provide additional insight into connectivity across brain networks and changes due to disease. We propose a data fusion scheme at the feature level using canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to determine inter-subject covariations across modalities. As we show both with simulation results and application to real data, multimodal CCA (mCCA) proves to be a flexible and powerful method for discovering associations among various data types. We demonstrate the versatility of the method with application to two datasets, an fMRI and EEG, and an fMRI and sMRI dataset, both collected from patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and healthy controls. CCA results for fMRI and EEG data collected for an auditory oddball task reveal associations of the temporal and motor areas with the N2 and P3 peaks. For the application to fMRI and sMRI data collected for an auditory sensorimotor task, CCA results show an interesting joint relationship between fMRI and gray matter, with patients with schizophrenia showing more functional activity in motor areas and less activity in temporal areas associated with less gray matter as compared to healthy controls. Additionally, we compare our scheme with an independent component analysis based fusion method, joint-ICA that has proven useful for such a study and note that the two methods provide complementary perspectives on data fusion.
Antimicrobial drug resistance of Campylobacter spp and Salmonella enterica: national data in food producing animals and food of animal origin

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Campylobacter spp and Salmonella enterica are the two most common causes of bacterial foodborne illnesses in humans in developed countries, being food producing animals one the main reservoirs. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was determined through Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, in 448 isolates of Campylobacter spp recovered from broiler ceca at slaughter (n=351) and broiler carcasses (n=97); and 1600 isolates of S. enterica feed (n=43) and food products of animal origin (n=527). Screening and identification of beta-lactamase and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes were performed by PCR and sequencing. The highest level of resistance in Campylobacter spp isolates recovered from broilers and carcasses was recorded to ciprofloxacin, followed by tetracycline, erythromycin and streptomycin. Four isolates of Campylobacter coli were resistant to gentamicin.
Mechanisms Underlying Pathological Exercise in Women with Eating Disorders

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Pathological exercise (PE) is a common feature of individuals with eating disorders (ED) and represents a key maintaining factor of eating pathology. However, little is known about underlying mechanisms that maintain PE and whether these mechanisms are influenced by the occurrence of PE in the context of an ED. The present study tested hypotheses that women with PE would 1) experience exercise as more reinforcing, 2) show greater cortisol reactivity in response to exercise, and 3) that greater cortisol reactivity in response to exercise would predict greater increases in positive affect following exercise. Participants (N=64 women total; n=16 PE with ED, n=16 PE Only, n=16 ED Only, n=16 Control) completed a computerized progressive ratio (PR) task to earn running time on a treadmill as a measure of the reinforcing value of exercise. HPA-axis response to acute exercise was measured through salivary cortisol and changes in affect were measured by a self-report questionnaire. Participants provided four saliva samples and self-report ratings directly prior to and 0-, 20-, and 40- minutes after running for 30 minutes on a treadmill at 75% maximum heart rate. Results indicated that women with PE had significantly higher reinforcing value of exercise (p<.001) and showed higher cortisol reactivity to exercise (p<.001). Contrary to hypotheses, cortisol reactivity to acute exercise did not predict exercise-induced changes in affect in the full sample. Cortisol reactivity significantly predicted breakpoint on the PR task (p<.001) in the full sample. Overall, findings provide preliminary evidence that women with PE may experience exercise as more rewarding than normal exercisers, which may be attributable to dysregulations in underlying biological mechanisms that influence its reinforcing value. Given limitations of the current study, future studies should use ecological momentary assessment to better understand factors driving associations between PE, reward, and dysregulations in HPA-axis activity in participants’ natural environment.%%%%A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Psychology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.%%%%Summer Semester 2016.%%%%June 15, 2016.%%%%Compulsive Exercise, Eating Disorders, Exercise, Pathological%%%%Pamela K. Keel, Professor Directing Dissertation; Robert Moffatt, University Representative; Jesse Cougle, Committee Member; Lisa Eckel, Committee Member; Jeanette Taylor, Committee Member.
Comparative Study between Intrathecal Low-dose Bupivacaine versus Lidocaine for Anorectal Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Historically, intrathecal lidocaine used to be the drug of choice for short procedure, but transient neurological symptoms (TNS) were observed during its use. This study was performed to determine whether low-dose bupivacaine is an acceptable alternative to lidocaine for anorectal surgery. Methods: Fifty nine patients; 30 males and 29 females scheduled for minor anorectal surgeries were randomly selected to receive either subarachnoid isobaric lidocaine 30 mg or hyperbaric bupivacaine 5.25 mg. Fentanyl 20 µg was added to both anaesthetics, and the total volume was diluted to 3 ml saline. Onset and highest dermatomal level of sensory block, quality of anaesthesia, incidence of hypotension, and time until T 12 regression, return of lower extremity motor function, ambulation, and micturition were recorded. TNS were evaluated 24 hours after surgery. Results: In this study, there was no significant difference in onset or recovery time between groups, but we observed a longer duration until return of lower extremity motor strength in patients receiving lidocaine. TNS that resolved spontaneously within 48 hours were observed in 2 patients in the lidocaine group but not detected by any patient in the bupivacaine group.
Gender and HIV/AIDS: Exploring Men and Vulnerability Towards Effective HIV/AIDS Policy Interventions and Sub-Saharan Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines the dynamics between HIV/Aids gender policy strategies and the socio-political demands on HIV/Aids interventions in sub-Saharan Africa. Gender in HIV/Aids intervention seems inescapable. Nowhere else is this more marked than in the social dimensions of HIV/Aids prevention in sub-Saharan Africa. This has resulted in prevention strategies, which are encumbered by the reality of poverty, gender, access, power and the various debates on behavioural change. The social constructions of gender roles and power relations play a significant role in the region’s HIV /Aids dynamic. To this end, the mainstreaming of gender issues into national political, social and economic agenda and policies has been championed by international development and economic institutions. In developing HIV/Aids intervention policies, gender has also been mainstreamed, especially where epidemiological data show the disparity in infection rates between men and women, where women are seen as more susceptible to infection. The gendered approach to HIV/Aids appears to typecast women as the vulnerable and suffering face of HIV/Aids, while men, as ‘the other’, are generally regarded as the perpetuators and spreaders of the virus. While there is no doubt that women’s vulnerability in this milieu has been proven within known research evidence to exist, the neglect of institutional (social, cultural and economic) and historical vulnerabilities of African men’s realities are sometimes overlooked. Recently, greater focus has shifted to curbing infection rates in men based on new scientific evidence that shows that risk of transmission in circumcised men is reduced. The article argues that such movement towards showing areas of men’s vulnerability as a focus in HIV/Aids policy interventions may have the potential to shift the observed burden that current HIV/Aids policy thrusts inadvertently place on African women. The article will put forward an argument for ‘the vulnerable other’ in HIV/Aids policy intervention, suggesting a new continental policy strategy that sees men going from peripheral footnotes to the centre of HIV/Aids policy and intervention programmes.<br /><br />
Vaccination against C-terminal region of amyloid-β peptide attenuates plaque deposition in prevention studies

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The inventors have chosen fragments of the C-terminal part of amyloid-β (Aβ)1-42, which, when administered to a mammal, generate antibodies that specifically target the soluble form of the highly amyloidogenic Aβ1-42. However, it was recently reported that anti-Aβ42 and anti-Aβ40 attenuated plaque deposition in a prevention study, but were less effective in attenuating anti-β-amyloid deposition in therapeutic studies. These data suggest that selective targeting of Aβ42 or Aβ40 might be an effective strategy in preventing amyloid deposition, but may also have limited benefit in a therapeutic setting.
Overall station balance and decomposability for non-Markovian queueing networks

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Introducing the concept of overall station balance which extends the notion of station balance to non-Markovian queueing networks, several necessary and sufficient conditions are given for overall station balance to hold. Next the concept of decomposability is introduced and it is related to overall station balance. A particular case corresponding to a Jackson-type queueing network is considered in some more detail.
An Investigation on Information and Gender-Based Power in Product Design Decision-Making

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The goal of the designed experiment and subsequent analyses presented in this paper was to investigate the power distributions especially with regards to gender in mixed-gender groups engaged in product design decision-making. The task involved determining the set of design criteria pertaining to consumer products with varying gender orientations, and rating the criteria for their importance according to various stakeholder interests. Results indicate that group level acceptance of the contributions was indeed impacted by the type of the product that the decision-making focused on, and that this impact can be attributed to the perceived knowledge levels of the individuals due to their expected familiarity with the product
DDIS-07. MSC-DERIVED EXOSOMES AND microRNA IN GLIOMA THERAPY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and deadly adult brain tumor, is notoriously resistant to therapy, not only because of the presence of Glioma Stem-like Cells (GSCs) but also because of the formidable delivery challenges imposed by the blood-brain barrier. Consequently, there is an urgent need to identify effective therapeutics and to elucidate successful strategies for delivering these new agents to GBMs. A promising new therapeutic approach is treatment with microRNAs (miRs), which are small, noncoding RNA that are powerful regulators of gene expression. We have shown that restoration of tumor suppressor miRs that are down-regulated in GBMs is capable of inhibiting the growth of GSCs. Despite the therapeutic potential of miRs, however, it is currently unknown which miRs will be most effective against GBMs and how these miRs will be delivered. To define miRs that are most effective against GBMs, we undertook a “candidate approach” based on a literature review and tested miR-124 & miR-128 as potential anti-glioma miRs. These initial analyses made it clear that a comprehensive evaluation of miRs that inhibit GBMs was lacking. Therefore, we have undertaken an unbiased high throughput screen of 578 miRs against a panel of patient-derived GSCs representing all TCGA-GBM classes. We identified 50 miRs that are highly effective at inhibiting GSCs regardless of TCGA subtype. Further, we demonstrated that exosomes derived from ex-vivo cultured mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can systemically deliver anti-glioma miRs to GBMs. Exosomes are naturally occurring nanovesicles that function as intercellular transport vehicles. MicroRNA-loaded exosomes (Exo-miRs) can be isolated and then used to deliver the miR to GBMs. Most importantly, we have shown that when systemically administered into mice, Exo-miRs “home” to brain tumors resulting in down-regulation of the miR target genes. These results suggest that MSC-derived exosomes can be used as systemic delivery vehicles of anti-glioma miRs.
Uncertainty principles on nilpotent Lie groups

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Hardy's type uncertainty principle on connected nilpotent Lie groups for the Fourier transform is proved. An analogue of Hardy's theorem for Gabor transform has been established for connected and simply connected nilpotent Lie groups. Finally Beurling's theorem for Gabor transform is discussed for groups of the form $\mathbb{R}_n \times K$, where $K$ is a compact group
Addressing Rural Health Issues through Policy Storytelling

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Police officers, teachers, and social (vocational) workers (SLBs) interact the most with citizens and can implement policy. The citizens being mentioned end up being our patients in these rural areas. We need to learn about who the patients and citizens are through a medical front-line lens the same way SLBs do. Interviews, focus groups, observations and other qualitative methods will help surgical administrative professionals who want to address the access to care issue in underserved and rural areas. In return, this can help retain staff and prevent staff burnout by addressing the problems of potential patients before they occur.
Integrating Energy Efficiency in Residential Buildings: A User-Centric Web Interface Approach

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In the global mission to achieve a net-zero carbon footprint, the contribution of buildings is substantial, accounting for over one-third of the world's carbon footprint. To re-engineer the built environment in the direction of decarbonization, the building sector's operational energy needs our special imagination. The principal aim of the following research paper is to enhance building energy management by creating a digital platform that records design stage energy performance and benchmarks annual occupant consumption. The present study attempts to evaluate Kolkata’s residential high rises for their design stage energy consumption though whole building energy simulation by using design builder version 7.0.2.006. Envelope energy efficiency measures like wall, roof, and glass material changes show an annual energy performance improvement of 28.55% compared with a standard as built construction practice base case energy performance index value of 125.93 kWh/m2/year. The web-based energy profiling and benchmarking applications has been developed using Python’s Django framework. The website has been hosted on Python Anywhere. The portal features a home page, a page to add building details, and a personalised user dashboard with a building digital profile. The study shows that implementation of envelope interventions in the redesign have resulted in demonstrated improvements in annual energy performance. Integration with the web-based portal with initial design stage improvements serves to document and visualize tangible benefits in electricity bills and operational carbon emissions for the end-user, thus serving as the missing link of building operational energy performance.
THE ROLE OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN HEART FAILURE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Heart failure (HF) is a serious medical condition characterized by high mortality and morbidity rates, poor functional capacity, and reduced quality of life. It affects more than 64 million people globally and has become a significant public health concern due to its high economic and social burden. To address this challenge, echocardiography has emerged as a critical diagnostic and therapeutic tool in the evaluation and management of HF patients. Echocardiography offers numerous advantages over other imaging modalities, including its non-invasive nature, ease of availability, and safety. It allows clinicians to obtain a comprehensive assessment of cardiac structure and function, including ventricular size, shape, and function. Echocardiography also plays a crucial role in risk stratification and the initial phenotype assessment of HF patients, providing essential data for guiding therapeutic decision-making and monitoring treatment efficacy. Advances in echocardiography have expanded its applications in HF patient care, enabling more accurate assessment of systolic and diastolic function. This includes the use of novel echocardiographic techniques such as strain imaging, speckle tracking, and 3D echocardiography, which allow clinicians to evaluate ventricular deformation, regional wall motion abnormalities, and global cardiac function. Moreover, RV evaluation is increasingly being recognized as a critical component of echocardiographic assessment in HF patients. RV dysfunction is prevalent in HF patients, and its assessment can provide important prognostic information and guide management decisions. Echocardiography provides a safe and practical means of assessing RV function, including RV size, shape, and systolic function. In summary, echocardiography is an indispensable tool in the evaluation and management of HF patients. It allows for a comprehensive assessment of cardiac structure and function, risk stratification, and therapeutic decision-making. With advances in echocardiographic techniques, clinicians can obtain vital data on systolic and diastolic function, including RV evaluation, improving patient outcomes and reducing the economic and social burden of HF. Keywords: Systolic dysfunction, Diastolic dysfunction, Ejection fraction, Heart failure, Echocardiography.