jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties in MEN 1 syndrome].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

MEN 1 syndrome (Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1) is a rare endocrine disorder characterized by the association of tumors in several endocrine glands, mainly in parathyroids, gut and pituitary. At our institution in the years 1982-2004 we have followed 26 patients with MEN 1 syndrome belonging to 19 families. The diagnosis of MEN 1 was based on Gubbio Consensus (JCEM 86: 5658-5671, 2001). Mean age at the diagnosis of MEN 1 was 35 years. Primary hyperparathyroidism was the most frequent pathology, which was diagnosed in 25 of 26 patients (96%). Gut endocrine tumors were found in 20 patients (77%), while pituitary tumors in 18 (70%). Non-functioning gut tumors were most frequent (n=9), followed by insulinoma (n=7) and gastrinoma (n=4). Prolactinoma was the most frequent pituitary tumor found in 12 patients (67%). Three patients died during the observation period - all of them of generalized gut endocrine tumor (gastrinoma in 2 cases and foregut carcinoid in one case). The management of MEN 1 is not easy and careful analysis of clinical picture is necessary in each individual case. Several important observations can be made on the basis of own experience and the literature: 1. In each sporadic pathology, which may be a part of MEN 1, one should consider. the possibility of MEN 1. The individual MEN 1 abnormalities are often diagnosed after 40 and later 2. MEN 1 tumor are usually multiple thus necessitating a different therapeutic approach (more radical surgery) 3. The most valuable screening tests are: Ca++, PP, CgA and prolactin 4. Endoscopic ultrasound is the most specific method for the localization of pancreatic endocrine tumors. 5. The results of surgical treatment of MEN 1 tumors are worse than that of sporadic tumors. 6. Prognosis in MEN 1 is determined by the behaviour of gut neuroendocrine tumor 7. No genotype/phenotype correlation in MEN 1 syndrome was found so far. In summary, it should be underlined that MEN 1 syndrome is an endocrine disorder, in which early diagnosis and optimal treatment may significantly improve the prognosis.
Weight Loss Through Bariatric Surgery Is Associated With Lower Rates of Hepatic Decompensation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The obesity epidemic has not spared patients with cirrhosis. Obesity has been shown to increase the probability of clinical decompensation independent of portal pressure or hepatic synthetic function. Various modalities of weight reduction have emerged as therapeutic targets in the management of cirrhosis regardless of etiology. Bariatric surgery has become the gold standard treatment for morbid obesity, with data suggesting bariatric surgery is safe and effective in patients with compensated cirrhosis. This study aimed to explore the relationship between weight reduction surgery and the development of hepatic decompensation. Methods: Fourteen biopsy-proven patients with cirrhosis who underwent bariatric surgery (cases) at our institution from 1/1/2000-6/31/2017 were identified using diagnosis and procedural codes. A retrospective chart review was utilized to validate coded diagnoses. Twenty-eight controls were selected from a database of patients with cirrhosis and obesity and matched for body mass index (BMI), age, and metabolic syndrome components. The prevalence of hepatic decompensation in relation to BMI was compared between groups. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in demographic characteristics between the groups including age, sex, race, metabolic syndrome components, or etiology of cirrhosis; though 93% of cases had NASH cirrhosis (Table 1). All cases (n=14) had compensated cirrhosis at the time of surgery, and no cases developed hepatic decompensation. Average pre-surgery BMI was 50.4 kg/m2compared to 38.7 kg/m2at the end of follow-up (average decrease in BMI of 12.1 kg/m2in cases). In contrast, 54% of controls were diagnosed with decompensated cirrhosis. Average BMI at the time of clinical decompensation in controls was 44.6 kg/m2. The difference in BMI between cases (38.7 kg/m2)and all controls (45.3 kg/m2) reached statistical significance (p=0.01), as did the difference in BMI between cases (38.7 kg/m2) and controls with decompensation (44.6 kg/m2; p=0.04). Conclusion: Bariatric surgery in patients with cirrhosis resulted in a decrease in BMI without clinical decompensation. In a control group of obese patients with cirrhosis matched for age and metabolic syndrome components, decompensation was diagnosed in 54% during the study period. These results support prior data suggesting weight loss may be associated with decreased rates of clinical decompensation in patients with cirrhosis.958 Figure 1 No Caption available.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of The Skp1 prolyl hydroxylase from Dictyostelium is related to the hypoxia-inducible factor-alpha class of animal prolyl 4-hydroxylases.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: The Skp1 prolyl hydroxylase from Dictyostelium is related to the hypoxia-inducible factor-alpha class of animal prolyl 4-hydroxylases.
Quantitative ultrastructural studies of hepatocytes from fed and starved frogs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Stereological analysis of liver tissue excised from mature female Rana pipiens starved for 59 days and from a fed control group was conducted both at the light and electron microscopy levels. Average cellular volume decreased by more than a factor of 4 following prolonged fasting. Nuclear volume was not significantly decreased. Mitochondrial volume per cell showed a slight, though not statistically significant, decrease from 540 μm 3 to 420 μm 3 . Rough endoplasmic reticulum decreased in absolute surface area per cell from 13,600 μm 2 /cell to 3,000 μm 2 /cell after starvation, but its surface density in the cytoplasm remained relatively constant. Lipid decreased from 650 μm 3 per cell to less than 1 μm 3 per cell after fasting. Glycogen decreased from 49% of hepatocyte cytoplasmic volume to less than 15%, a decrease in absolute volume from 4,000–240 μm 3 per cell. Glycogen changed from the α to the β‐configuration during fasting. Condensed cross‐banded fibers or sheets formed within the rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae of some fasted animals. The significance of these results relative to the energy metabolism of poikilotherms is discussed.
Multi-object and long-slit spectroscopy of very low mass brown dwarfs in the Orion Nebular Cluster

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We present the results of an H- and K-band multi-object and long-slit spectroscopic survey of substellar mass candidates in the outer regions of the Orion Nebula Cluster. The spectra were obtained using MOIRCS on the 8.2 m Subaru telescope and ISLE on the 1.88 m telescope of Okayama Astrophysical Observatory. Eight out of twelve spectra show strong water absorption and we confirm that their effective temperatures are ≤ 3000 K (spectral type ≥ M6) from a chi-square fit to synthetic spectra. We plot our sources on an HR diagram overlaid with theoretical isochrones of low-mass objects and identify three new young brown dwarf candidates. One of the three new candidates is a cool object near the brown dwarf and planetary mass boundary. Based on our observations and those of previous studies, we determine the stellar (0.08 &lt; M/M⊙ &lt; 1) to substellar (0.03 &lt; M/M⊙ &lt; 0.08) mass number ratio in the outer regions of the Orion Nebular Cluster to be 3.5 ± 0.8. In combination with the number ratio reported for the central region ($3.3^{+0.8} _{-0.7}$), this result suggests the number ratio does not simply change with the distance from the center of the Orion Nebular Cluster.
Forest floor protection during drilling pad construction and its benefits for natural regeneration of native boreal forest vegetation

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

I tested forest floor protection techniques in the construction and reclamation of temporary drilling pads to restore native boreal canopy and understory cover. By covering and delineating the forest floor I hoped to reduce damage to the vegetative propagule bank, so clonal species such as aspen (Populus tremuloides) can quickly re-establish from root sprouts after being cut on disturbed sites. These were compared to the current soil salvage and replacement operations, assessing density, height and survival of aspen regeneration, as well as associated understory cover and richness. After re-contouring and soil placement, I measured the extent of surface disturbance, slash cover, soil temperature, soil bulk density and nutrient status in the four treatments and control plots. Aspen and understory recovery was prolific in protected sites and exceeded that of salvaged sites. Only little soil compaction from covering and moderate soil surface disturbance in forest floor protection sites were detected.
Diversity of Zooplankton in Mountainous Organic based Paddy cum Fish Cultivation ecosystem in Ziro, Arunachal Pradesh

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Zooplankton in the organic based mountainous paddy fields play an important role for the holistic development of fisheries and aquaculture sector, promoting livelihoods, food and nutritional security. Five major communities of zooplankton namely Cladocera, Copepoda, Rotifera, Protozooplanktonand Ostracoda were found in the study area where 34 species under Cladocera, 7 species under Copepoda along with some nauplii, 17 species under Rotifera and 1 species under Ostracoda and among protozooplankton 5 species under Protozooplankton, were recorded. Simpson dominance index revealed that Bosmina, Chydorus, Cyclops, Diaptomus, Brachionus, Keratella, Arcella were found as the most dominant zooplankton species. Shannon diversity index showed that Cladocera (2.45)> Copepoda (1.44)>Rotifera (1.30)>Protozooplankton (1.27). Margelef richness index showed that Cladocera (5.64)> Copepoda (1.65)> Rotifera (1.10)>Protozooplankton (1.33). The physico-chemical parameters of the rice field water as well as the structure and dynamics for the growth and abundance of zooplankton in the rice field also the productivity of rice and fish yield. It can be concluded that diversified zooplankton species has found in the organic nature paddy fields which have the reflection of the healthy ecosystem of Organic paddy fields. This type of ecosystems will be helped to attain of the three goals of sustainable development viz. Goal 12 (Responsible consumption and production), Goal 13 (Climate action), Goal 14 (Life below water) by enhancement of blue revolution of the country.
Bandits and “Bad Characters”: Law as Anthropological Practice in Cyprus, c. 1900

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the handbook for Cypriot police officers published in 1896 by the island's British colonial administration, there is a passage that appears at first innocuous but that had important resonances for the development of legal and political statuses in Cyprus of the period. Under the section “Police Duties” and the subheading “Constables,” the handbook notes that “[c]onstables are expected to possess such knowledge of the inhabitants of their District as to enable them readily to recognize them. They are to be instructed to watch unceasingly all persons having no visible means of support, and obtain knowledge of all suspected thieves, idle and disorderly persons, and disorderly houses.”
Belonging and Unbelonging in Kampong Ayer, Brunei Darussalam

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter examines Kampong Ayer from a human geography perspective and the social construction of space over time. Kampong Ayer was and is a historically and culturally significant place in Brunei Darussalam. However, years of resettlement programmes, episodic fire destruction, and movements of people in and out of the area have resulted in significant reorientations. The chapter pays close attention to the ways in which increased migration over the last 30 years has played a role in reshaping everyday senses of belonging for the residents of Kampong Ayer.
Using Star (Select, Teach, Activate and Revisit) Strategy to Increase Vocabulary Mastery of Eighth Grade Students

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The objectives of this study were: (1) to describe the implementation of STAR (Select, Teach, Activate and Revisit) strategy of the eighth grade students of MTs N 1 Bangka, and (2) to find out whether there was any significant difference in vocabulary mastery between the students who were taught by using STAR strategy and the students who were taught without STAR strategy. This study was focused on vocabulary mastery. The total number of sample was 64 students. In this study, the researcher used experimental research method with a quasi-experimental design. The result showed that the students’ vocabulary mastery significantly increased. It could be seen from the pre-test and post-test mean score. Furthermore, the result of independent sample t-test of students’ post-test between experimental group and control group showed that the t-obtained was higher than t-table (2.547 > 2.00) and the p-output was lower than computation with level significant 0.05 (0.014 < 0.05). It means that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted and the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected. It could be concluded that STAR strategy was effective to increase students’ vocabulary mastery.
Cross-culture Communication and English Teaching

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Cross-culture communication today is becoming unbalanced between eastern and western parts of the world. Western culture is accepted while eastern culture is made light.. The unbalanced tendency affects English teaching in our country. Those foreign language learners only lay stress on communicating with foreigners in English and studying English culture, but make light of introducing Chinese culture to foreigners in English. Therefore, we should reinforce equality in cultural communication in cross-culture communication and reform foreign language teaching.
Lives in Madurai

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

My research centered on Madurai, a city of about a million people in Tamil Nadu, the southernmost state of India. Despite the great variability in the lives of Madurai's poor residents, numerous shared social and cultural understandings are brought to bear when individuals respond to cinema. Here I concentrate on the issues most pertinent to filmwatching, including the forms of identity, social relations, and cultural practices most prevalent in daily life, and describe my fieldwork and the neighborhoods in which I worked.
Prosocial Values as a Source of Competitive Advantage: Insights from B2B Cleaning Services

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates customers’ valuation for prosocial services offered in a business-to-business relationship, specifically the cleaning service industry in Sweden. Through an experimentally oriented survey of service purchasing activity, we find a significant willingness to pay a 10-17 % price premium for an offer signaling a supplier commitment to good working conditions. We find evidence that this willingness is driven by a combination of 1) formalized requirements, 2) informal expectations, and 3) associations between working conditions and service quality. The presence of informal expectations is particularly important when signaling social ambitions beyond compliance with existing certifications. We also investigate whether a prosocial firm could gain an advantage by presenting good working conditions as a driver of service quality. Our results suggest that while this type of argument would not effectively shift preferences from a low-cost offer to a more expensive offer signaling good working conditions, it is useful when addressing customers with an intrinsic motivation for requiring good working conditions from suppliers.
Morphometry giant African snail Achatina fulica (Gastropoda : Achatinidae ) in Colombia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The giant African snail is currently one of the most aggressive and invasive species that has colonized many countries outside its natural environment. We recorded four shell measures and the weight of 3 157 individuals of Achatina fulica collected in Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Meta, Norte de Santander and Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Larger and heavier individuals were collected in the Meta and Boyacá departments while the highest density per square meter was recorded in Cundinamarca. We found a strong, positive and highly significant (p<0.01) correlation among measured variables. During development maximum sizes of shell, opening and body weight are correlated, and shell length increases faster than the other measures, leading to a marked elongation of the individuals. The settling time of the populations was also reflected in the size of individuals.
Genetic Methods to Improve Phosphorus Use Efficiency in Crops

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient that is required for plant growth and for the productivity and sustainability of global agriculture. Phosphorus deficiency is a major constraint for crop production and efficient phosphorus management is important to address food security efforts worldwide. Advances in plant genetics and breeding have led to promising avenues to enhance P-use efficiency (PUE), enabling crops to better acquire, mobilize, and utilize soil phosphorus. Strategies such as optimizing root architecture, fostering beneficial mycorrhizal associations, and targeting genes involved in P transport and remobilization have potential to sustainably increase crop productivity while minimizing external inputs. These improvements can support resilient farming systems adaptable to diverse environmental conditions.However, much of the existing research on genetic improvement in PUE has been conducted under controlled environments and in pot trials that may not be representative of realistic agricultural systems. Evaluation of the performance of genetic methods for improving PUE must be conducted using a range of diverse production practices under realistic field conditions. Breeding programs must balance P-related traits with other priorities such as yield, disease resistance, drought tolerance, and seed quality, which often extend the timeline for development. Benefits of these genetic improvements are region-specific and dependent on local soils, climate, and farming practices.While progress is encouraging, many genetic innovations are still in development and require translation into practical field applications. The most promising genetic approaches, including root system modification and seed phytate reduction, offer significant potential when integrated with optimal nutrient management strategies. Moving forward, combining advanced breeding tools, genomic technologies, and region-sensitive agronomic practices presents an excellent opportunity to achieve more sustainable and efficient phosphorus utilization in agriculture.
Enteroparasites prevalence among daycare and elementary school children of municipal schools, Rolândia, PR, Brazil

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Coproparasitological analyses were performed on 191 daycare children and 434 elementary school children from urban and rural areas in Rolândia, Parana State, Brazil. The overall prevalence of enteroparasites was 15.2 % for daycare children and 52.5% for elementary school children. Risk factors are discussed.
Novel association between superoxide dismutase polymorphism and progression of nocturnal enuresis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Nocturnal enuresis is an uncontrollable urination that only happens at night, after most children have stopped. At least three episodes of bedwetting in a patient who has never remained dry for more than six months are necessary for the diagnosis of primary monosymptomatic enuresis (PMNE). Till now, there is no clear connection between the genetic alteration and PMNE. Therefore, there is a crucial need to continue the investigation for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of PMNE. The oxidative stress has been linked to numerous pathological diseases such as cancer, and neurological disease. The current study aimed to investigate the possible association between superoxide dismutase (SOD 1 and 2) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), level of metalloproteases and the risk of PMNE persisting into adolescence (10–18 years old). Fifty-three patients (10–18 years old) and 47 healthy children (age- and sex-matched) were included in the study. DNA was extracted for the detection of SNP in SOD1 and SOD2 by using allele-specific primers. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), protein carbonyl (PC), SOD, catalase (CAT), and IL-8 were measured in control and patient groups. This study revealed a significant difference between studied groups as regard SOD1 rs17880135 and SOD2 rs4880. There was a significant higher median IL-8 among GT than GG & TT rs17880135 genotype. On the other hand, significant lower median IL-8 was found among CT than CC & TT SOD2 rs4880 genotype. A significantly higher median MDA was found among CT than CC & TT SOD2 rs4880 genotypes. This is the first study to demonstrate that there is an association between the genotype and allele frequencies of SOD1 rs17880135 and SOD2 rs4880 genotypes and the increased risk of nocturnal enuresis. These findings require large scale study among diverse ethnic and race children to better understand the development of the disease and its prevention.
Randomness Analysis With Runge Kutta Methods

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Chaotic systems are widely used in encryption because of their sensitivity to initial conditions and parameters, high ergodicity, mixing properties, and highly complex structures. Various analyzes are available to understand whether a system is chaotic. The most used analyzes are time series analysis, phase portraits, Lyapunov exponents, and bifurcation diagrams. Modeling of chaotic systems is also possible with numerical analysis methods. These methods are; Houses, Heun, 4th and 5th degree Runge Kutta methods are the most common differential solution methods.
Impacts of in Utero Heat Stress on Carcass and Meat Quality Traits of Market Weight Gilts

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study evaluated the impacts of in utero heat stress (IUHS) on the carcass and meat quality traits of offspring when market weight was reached. Twenty-four F1 Landrace × Large White gilts were blocked by body weight and allocated among thermoneutral (IUTN) or IUHS treatments from d 6 to d 59 of gestation. The offspring were raised under identical thermoneutral conditions, and gilts (n = 10/treatment) at market weight (117.3 ± 1.7 kg) were harvested. At 24 h postmortem, the loins (M. longissimus lumborum) were obtained, and sections were allocated among 1 d and 7 d aging treatments at 2 °C. Carcasses from IUHS pigs had lower head and heart weights (p < 0.05), as well as decreased loin muscle area (p < 0.05) compared to IUTN pigs. Loins from the IUHS group had a higher shear force value than the IUTN group (p < 0.05). Treatments had no other impacts on carcass and meat quality traits (p > 0.05), and Western blots suggested increased toughness of IUHS loins would not be attributed to proteolysis. These results suggest minimizing IUHS during the first half of gestation may be beneficial in improving pork yield and quality, though in general the effects of IUHS would be minimal.