jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
No Acceleration In VO2 Onset Kinetics During Exercise Above VO2 peak

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Any increase in oxygen uptake (VO2) reflects increased metabolic demand. The VO2 onset kinetics appears to decelerate with increasing demand up to peak power. However, some studies have suggested decreasing VO2 time constants (τ) at increasing intensities above peak power. PURPOSE: To quantify the VO2 onset kinetics at exercise intensities above peak power as a function of oxygen demand and delivery or delivery only. METHODS: Eleven active males (22 ± 1.9 yr, 179.3 ± 6.68 cm, 76.2 ± 7.55 kg) performed an incremental cycle test to exhaustion (INC) to determine peak power (310.8 ± 69.67 W). On three repeat visits subjects cycled at 100%, 125% and 150% peak power for 1 minute (1MT). Respiratory gases and blood lactate were taken pre, during and up to 30 minutes post 1MT. τ of the VO2 onset kinetics during 1MT were analysed: a) semi-logarithmic transformation accounting for VO2 demand based on anaerobic and aerobic metabolic energy (M1) and measured VO2 (τ-M1), b) semi-logarithmic transformation accounting for VO2 demand as estimated from VO2-power interrelationship during INC (M2) and measured VO2 (τ-M2), c) a mono-exponential onset transition (M3) of measured VO2 approaching VO2peak (τ-M3). RESULTS: The estimated VO2 demand M1 4743 ± 618 ml (100 %), 5848 ± 1060 ml (125 %), 6928 ± 1033 ml (150 %) was higher (p < 0.01) than demand M2 3769 ± 1002 ml (100 %), 4608 ± 1238 ml (125 %), 5446 ± 1474 ml (150 %). Both increased with exercise intensity (all p < 0.01). τ-M1 54.2 + 7.3 s (100 %), 61.8 + 11.1 s (125 %), 73.9 + 11.9 s (150 %) was higher (p < 0.01) than τ-M2 38.0 + 10.2 s (100 %), 41.5 + 12.9 s (125 %), 48.8 + 8.3 s (150 %). τ-M1 and τ-M2 increased with increasing intensity (p < 0.05). τ-M3 38.3 + 8.62 s (100 %), 33.4 + 7.5 s (125 %), 29.7 + 4.0 s (150 %) decreased (p<0.05) from 100% to 150% intensity and was lower (p < 0.05) than τ-M1 (all intensities) and τ-M2 (150 %). CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with corresponding findings at intensities below peak power the VO2 onset kinetics decelerates as a function of increasing oxygen demand at intensities above peak power. Observations of an acceleration of the VO2 onset kinetics as a function of oxygen delivery only seems to reflect that at intensities above peak power the steady state oxygen delivery amplitude is unknown.
Population Genomics of Adaptive Radiations: Exceptionally High Levels of Genetic Diversity and Recombination in an Endemic Spider From the Canary Islands

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The spider genus Dysdera has undergone a remarkable diversification in the oceanic archipelago of the Canary Islands, with ~60 endemic species having originated during the 20 million years since the origin of the archipelago. This evolutionary radiation has been accompanied by substantial dietary shifts, often characterised by phenotypic modifications encompassing morphological, metabolic and behavioural changes. Hence, these endemic spiders represent an excellent model for understanding the evolutionary drivers and to pinpoint the genomic determinants underlying adaptive radiations. Recently, we achieved the first chromosome‐level genome assembly of one of the endemic species, D. silvatica , providing a high‐quality reference sequence for evolutionary genomics studies. Here, we conducted a low coverage‐based resequencing study of a natural population of D. silvatica from La Gomera island. Taking advantage of the new high‐quality genome, we characterised genome‐wide levels of nucleotide polymorphism, divergence and linkage disequilibrium, and inferred the demographic history of this population. We also performed comprehensive genome‐wide scans for recent positive selection. Our findings uncovered exceptionally high levels of nucleotide diversity and recombination in this geographically restricted endemic species, indicative of large historical effective population sizes. We also identified several candidate genomic regions that are potentially under positive selection, highlighting relevant biological processes, such as vision and nitrogen extraction as potential adaptation targets. These processes may ultimately drive species diversification in this genus. This pioneering study of spiders that are endemic to an oceanic archipelago lays the groundwork for broader population genomics analyses aimed at understanding the genetic mechanisms driving adaptive radiation in island ecosystems.
Chemical Variability and Anti‐inflammatory activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Leaf Essential Oil from Algerian Sahara

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The chemical composition of 71 oil samples from the leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis L., harvested in three provinces: Naâma (Western Algeria), Béchar and Adrar (Algerian Sahara), was investigated by GC-FID, GC/MS and
A Survey on Visual Story Generation for Images in Sequence

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Stories are considered as a fundamental tool of humans for communication. We can enable this understanding to computers also to generate a story from the given input image sequence i.e. image understanding. This emphasizes a classic captioning problem of computer vision. Generating a story from images in sequence is truly interesting than generating a single line captions for an image. Story generation from image sequence not only involves current image but also its previous image vector to generate caption at that stage and this process is carried out until the end of the sequence. This is needed as we need to generate the story in continuation. Common methods for this purpose, according to our literature survey are Advanced Neural Network like CNN, RNN and LSTM. But as CNN lacks remembering capacity and as we have to consider the previously generated caption till the end of sequence for continuation of story, CNN proves a perfect misfit for the said purpose. HenceRNN along with its LSTM is used to get more better results.Also feature vector generation, pre-processing, NLP and evaluation jointly contributes to generate interesting stories.This paper provides a brief survey of various research carried out so far in this field.It also discusses the existing data sets, feature Generation methodologies and evaluation metrics used in this system.
Death Qualification as Systematic Exclusion of Jurors With Certain Religious and Other Characteristics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The death‐qualification process has been criticized because it tends to eliminate certain groups of individuals at a higher rate than others. This study examined whether the process systematically excludes jurors based on religious characteristics, justice philosophy, cognitive processing, and demographics. Results indicated that death qualification can be predicted by religious affiliation, devotionalism, fundamentalism, and Biblical interpretism; but not evangelism. Death qualification is predicted by the belief that murderers deserved to die, but not by beliefs that criminals deserve mercy, forgiveness, or payback. Cognitive processing had no impact on death qualification. Finally, gender and race predicted death qualification, while age and prior jury duty did not. These results are discussed in terms of implications for perceived legitimacy of the system.
Subcortical lesions impact confrontation naming in bilinguals with later age of acquisition: An exploratory study

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The bilingual experience is believed to impact brain development and, possibly, cognitive performance. Subcortical structures, including the striatum and white matter, are believed related to confrontation naming performance among bilingual individuals with later age of acquisition (AoA) and lower proficiency of a second language (L2). However, these findings are primarily derived from healthy adult samples, although there is clinical significance for the interpretation of naming performance. The present study examined whether striatal and white matter lesions were associated with naming tasks in clinic-referred bilingual veterans (n = 29) and whether L2 AoA moderated this relationship. Clinically rated lesions, without regard for AoA, were not consistently correlated with naming performance. Moderation models (lesion × AoA) were significant across naming tasks (i.e., naming scores were negatively correlated with striatal lesions with increasing AoA). Effect sizes were higher among striatal models as compared to white matter models. Results extend prior neuroimaging findings with healthy bilinguals that AoA moderates the relationship between subcortical lesions and naming performance in bilingual patients, and suggests that clinicians should consider specifics of bilingual experience when interpreting test scores.
Abstract 15476: Advanced Assessment of Regional Differences in Myocardial Perfusion by Spectral CT in Patients With Acute Myocarditis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Spectral CT (SCT) is a valuable tool for assessing coronary anatomy and myocardial damage. Iodine distribution maps (IDM) obtained by SCT serve as surrogates for first-pass myocardial perfusion, exhibiting reduced iodine uptake in ischemic areas and increased uptake in hyperemic areas due to inflammatory injury. Hypothesis: We aimed to determine if SCT data analysis can detect regional differences in first-pass myocardial perfusion reflecting inflammatory injury in acute myocarditis (AM) patients. Methods: We retrospectively searched for acute myocarditis patients admitted to our center who also underwent SCT angiography to rule out CAD. Spectral images (40 keV monoenergetic images and IDM) from a dual-layer CT scanner (Philips Spectral CT 7500) were analyzed using a perfusion tool developed by Philips Research. LV myocardium was segmented following the AHA-17 model, and CT number (HU) and iodine density values (mg/ml) were quantified. Data were normalized using blood pool values. Healthy controls were included for comparison and differences were assessed with a one-way ANOVA. Results: Six patients with myocarditis (median age: 57 [IQR 30-65]; table 1) and 3 controls (median age: 50 [IQR: 47.5-59.5]) were analyzed. Myocarditis patients (figure 1) showed higher normalized median iodine density values (ratio 0.13 vs. 0.11, p<0.001) and similar differences in 40 keV monoenergetic images (ratio 0.16 vs. 0.13, p=0.005). Conclusions: Spectral CT data analysis can detect first-pass myocardial perfusion differences in acute myocarditis patients, likely reflecting hyperemia. Further research is needed to evaluate the clinical benefits of SCT in this context.
Loss of LKB1 disrupts breast epithelial cell polarity and promotes breast cancer metastasis and invasion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

LKB1, also known as STK11, is a master kinase that serves as an energy metabolic sensor and is involved in cell polarity regulation. Recent studies have indicated that LKB1 is related to breast tumorigenesis and breast cancer progression. However, little work has been done on the roles of LKB1 in cell polarity and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer. In this study, we tried to prove that loss of LKB1 disrupts breast epithelial cell polarity and causes tumor metastasis and invasion. The relationships of LKB1 expression to clinic-pathological parameters and epithelial markers E-cadherin and high-molecular-weight -cytokeratin (HMW-CK) were investigated in 80 clinical breast cancer tissue samples and their paired normal control breast tissue samples by using immunohistochemistry. Then, the LKB1 expressions in metastatic and non-metastatic breast cancer cell lines were compared. The roles of LKB1 in cell polarity and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer were determined by using immunofluorescence, western blot assay, and cell migration and invasive assays. Finally, the non-transformed human breast cell line MCF-10A was cultured in three dimensions to further reveal the role of LKB1 in breast epithelial cell polarity maintenance. Histopathological analysis showed that LKB1 expression level was significantly negatively correlated with breast cancer TNM stage, and positively correlated with ER/PR status and expression levels of E-cadherin and HMW-CK. Immunofluorescence staining showed that LKB1 was co-localized with E-cadherin at adheren junctions. In vitro analysis revealed that loss of LKB1 expression enhanced migration, invasion and the acquisition of mesenchymal phenotype, while LKB1 overexpression in MDA-MB-435 s cells, which have a low basal level of LKB1 expression, promoted the acquisition of epithelial phenotype. Finally, it was found for the first time that endogenous LKB1 knockdown resulted in abnormal cell polarity in acini formed by non-transformed breast epithelial cells grown in 3D culture. Our data indicated that low expression of LKB1 was significantly associated with established markers of unfavorable breast cancer prognosis, such as loss of ER/PR, E-cadherin and HMW-CK. Knockdown of endogenous LKB1 gave rise to dysregulation of cell polarity and invasive phenotype of breast cancer cells.
Image2_Pharmacogenomic profiling of the South Korean population: Insights and implications for personalized medicine.pdf

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) pose substantial public health issues, necessitating population-specific characterization due to variations in pharmacogenes. This study delineates the pharmacogenomic (PGx) landscape of the South Korean (SKR) population, focusing on 21 core pharmacogenes. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was conducted on 396 individuals, including 99 healthy volunteers, 95 patients with chronic diseases, 81 with colon cancer, 81 with breast cancer, and 40 with gastric cancer, to identify genotype-specific drug dosing recommendations. Our detailed analysis, utilizing high-throughput genotyping (HTG) of CYP2D6 and comparative data from the 1,000 Genomes Project (1 KG) and the US National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP), revealed significant pharmacogenetic diversity in core pharmacogenes such as CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP4F2, NUDT15, and CYP2D6. Notably, intermediate metabolizer frequencies for CYP2B6 in SKR (3.28%) were comparable to Europeans (5.77%) and East Asians (5.36%) but significantly differed from other global populations (p < 0.01). For CYP2C19, 48.74% of SKR individuals were classified as intermediate metabolizers, with the *35 allele (2.02%) being unique to SKR, the allele not observed in other East Asian populations. Additionally, the high-risk *3 allele in CYP4F2 was significantly more frequent in SKR (34.72%) than in other East Asian populations (p < 0.01). NUDT15 poor metabolizers were found in 0.76% of SKR, aligning closely with other East Asians (1.59%), while TPMT poor metabolizers were predominantly observed in Europeans and Africans, with one case in SKR. We identified significant allele frequency differences in CYP2D6 variants rs1065852 and rs1135840. Among the 72 drugs analyzed, 93.43% (n = 370) of patients required dosage adjustments for at least one drug, with an average of 4.5 drugs per patient. Moreover, 31.31% (n = 124) required adjustments for more than five drugs. These findings reveal the substantial pharmacogenetic diversity of the SKR population within the global population, emphasizing the urgency of integrating population-specific PGx data into clinical practice to ensure safe and effective drug therapies. This comprehensive PGx profiling in SKR not only advances personalized medicine but also holds the potential to significantly improve healthcare outcomes on a broader scale.</p>
Industrial Subsidies and Friction in World Trade: Trade Policies or Trade Politics?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

National industrial subsidies are a major irritant in international trading relations. There have been many attempts to curb the damaging effects of subsidies on the international trading order; most have met with stiff oppostion and mixed success. Today the combination of industrial subsidies and the countervailing duties intended to combat them present one of the major threats to the international trading order. Industrial Subsidies and Trade Friction is a comparative analysis of the instruments devised to regulate industrial subsidies and lessen the effects of countervailing duties.
Partition by exhaustification: comments on Dayal 1996

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this paper I argue for a new constraint on questions, namely that a questiondenotation (a set of propositions) must map to a partition of a Stalnakerian Context-Set bypoint-wise exhaustification (point-wise application of the function Exh). The presuppositionthat Dayal attributes to an Answer operator follows from this constraint, if we assume a fairlystandard definition of Exh (Krifka, 1995). But the constraint is more restrictive therebyderiving the sensitivity of higher order quantification to negative islands (Spector, 2008).Moreover, when combined with recent proposals about the nature of Exh – designedprimarily to account for the conjunctive interpretation of disjunction (e.g. Bar-Lev and Fox,2017) – Dayal’s presupposition follows only in certain environments. This observationallows for an account of the “mention-some” interpretation of questions that makes specificdistributional predictions.Keywords: exhaustivity, Free Choice, maximality, higher-order quantification, mentionsome,negative-islands, partition, scalar implicatures, uniqueness.
Fluid flow in microfluidic channel under electrokinetic pump

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Electrokinetics has materialized as one of the most established techniques for manipulation and transportation of ions, particles and fluids in microfluidic channels. The objective of this project is to evaluate the electrokinetic-driven transport of an electrolyte in three-dimensional microchannel with a cubic cross-section theoretically. A thin electric double layer(EDL) approximation is used in this study.
Limits to sustained energy intake

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY Laboratory mice (strain MF1) were used to determine whether sustainable rates of energy intake are limited during lactation. Mice raising natural-sized litters (N=71) reached an asymptote in their daily food intake between days 13 and 16 of lactation at 23.1gday−1 and also between litter sizes of 9 and 15 pups (22.8gday−1). A second group of 37 females had their litter sizes manipulated at birth to raise more or fewer offspring than they gave birth to. When the litter size was increased, females did not increase their food intake to match their new litter size. However, when litter size was decreased, females decreased their asymptotic daily food intake during late lactation in relation to the extent of reduction in litter size. Therefore, it appeared that females were limited during late lactation and with large litter sizes. The milk energy exported amounted to 44% of the gross energy intake, and the estimated daily energy expenditure was therefore considerably lower than the sustained energy intake [8.0×RMR(gross), 6.6×RMR(assimilated)], and averaged 3.1×RMR, where RMR is resting metabolic rate. It was not possible to determine whether the apparent limit on sustained energy intake was acting centrally or peripherally because of the asymptotes in both food intake and milk energy output with increasing litter size.
The Emotional Response of Filipino Teachers-in-Training to Memes

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Memes on the internet are created content to express knowledge, entertain, ridicule, and self-actualize. The purpose of this study was to assess the emotional response to memes and their link to the profile of Filipino teachers-in-training. The descriptive-correlation research method was used in this study. A questionnaire-checklist was utilized to assess the effects of online memes on the emotions of teachers-in-training. The data was treated using frequency counts, percentages, and the average weighted mean. The association between profile and the emotional response to Internet Memes was investigated using Pearson-r (Pearson Product Moment of Correlation) and Chi-square. The outcomes of this study revealed that teachers-in-training are mostly females who concentrate in Enhanced General Education and spend 4-6 hours on social media. Teachers-in-training whose gender is female has a higher emotional response (whether positive or negative) to memes than their counterparts. The number of hours spent on social media has no bearing on the Teachers-in Training emotional responses to memes. Respondents who are specializing in Enhanced General Education have the highest positive emotional response to memes. However, there is no significant connection between negative emotional responses to memes and specialization.
Biological significance of recombination-activating gene 1, RAG1 in optic nerve neuropathy

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Although the transcription factor, nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-κB) is known to regulate programed-cell death and survival, its precise role in cell death within the central nervous system (CNS) remains unknown.We previously reported that mice with a homozygous deficiency for Nf-κb1p50 spontaneously developed optic neuropathy.We investigated the expression and activation of pro-apoptotic factor(s), which mediate optic nerve neuropathy in Nf-κb1p50-deficient mice.Recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1) is known to control the recombination of immunoglobulin V(D)J.Experiments with genetically engineered mice revealed the involvement of RAG1 expression in the programmed-cell death of POU domain protein (POU4f2)/brain-specific homeobox 3A (BRN3a)-positive retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), and also showed the specific effects of a Nf-κb1p50-deficient on the activation of Rag1 gene transcription.Furthermore, a genetic analysis of murine neuronal stem-like cells clarified the biological significance of RAG1 in N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced neuronal cell death.The apoptotic inducing factors were detected in human cell line expressing the external molecule of RAG1, and human histopathological examinations with retina tissues revealed the expression of RAG1 in RGCs.Recent studies indicated that RAG1 played a key role in optic nerve neuropathy as a pro-apoptotic candidate in Nf-κb1p50deficient mice.These results may lead to new therapeutic targets in optic nerve neuropathy.
extremely gas-rich dwarf

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present an analysis of HI, Hα, and oxygen abundance data for NGC 3741. This galaxy has a very extended gas disk ( ∼ 8.8 times the Holmberg radius), and a dark to luminous (i.e. stellar) mass ratio of ∼ 149, which makes it one of the “darkest ” dwarf irregular galaxies known. However its ratio of baryons (i.e. gas + stellar) mass to dark mass is typical of that in galaxies. Our new high-resolution HI images of the galaxy show evidence for a large scale (purely gaseous) spiral arm and central bar. From our HI data, a rotation curve can be derived out to ∼ 37 − 44 disk scale lengths in the J and B band respectively. This is just slightly short of the radius at which one would expect an NFW type rotation curve to start falling. The galaxy has an integrated star formation rate of ∼ 0.0034 M ⊙ yr −1, while the average star formation rate within the optical disk is ∼ 0.0049 M ⊙ yr −1 kpc −2. Despite the gaseous spiral feature and the on-going star formation, we find that the global gas density in NGC 3741 is significantly lower than the Toomre instability criterion. This is consistent with the behaviour seen in other dwarf galaxies. We also find that the star formation rate is consistent with that expected from the observed correlations between HI mass and SFR and the global Kennicutt-