jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Arsenic and retinoic acid, toward targeted treatments of acute promyelocytic anemia?].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acute promyelocytic leukaemia is a key model system in cancer biology. Its exquisite sensitivity to retinoic acid constitutes the first example of differentiation therapy. The PML/RAR alpha fusion protein generated by the t(34, 35) translocation is the molecular basis of transformation. PML/RAR alpha induces transformation most likely through a dominant negative interference with the function of nuclear receptors leading to a differentiation block. The fusion protein also delocalises PML and other nuclear body antigens and this alteration of nuclear protein traffic seems to play a role in growth control and apoptosis. The clinical response of this disease to retinoids and arsenic trioxide, both of which induce the degradation of the fusion protein, constitute the first example of a therapy directly targeted to a specific genetic lesion in a human cancer.
Prototype of New Composite Weightage and Offset Thickness Design of Acetabular Cup in THR

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Defect bone at hip joint of human body will required surgical operation which commonly known as Total hip replacements (THR). Succession rate of the surgical procedures depending
on many factors. Currently the THR operation could not guarantee 100% succession rate which dislocation, fracture, inflammation, edge-loading effect and rejection of new materials are among the concerned issues. The objective of this study particularly to make a prototype of new composite weightage and offsetting thickness of acetabular cup in order to increase the surgical post-operative succession rate. Firstly, a new design was drawn using SolidWorks software which the articulation area was offset by increasing the superior region. Then, the FE analysis conducted via ANSYS WORKBENCH to simulate the effect of offsetting the acetabular cup design. Secondly, a new material composition of Ep-UHMWPE with various weightage and thickness were studied experimentally according to ASTM D638-02A. Simulation and experimental analysis results show good agreement that 5mm thickness
improvise mechanical properties up to 66% in term of Von-Mises stress, total deformation and contact pressure. Thus, offsetting superior region thickness could potentially improvise the implant lifespan especially during the normal gait condition. Adding Ep (Epoxy) into existing material (UHMWPE) at ideal weightage also increasing the mechanical properties of the acetabular cup. However, further studies are required to design a second prototype with higher articulation efficiency and material’s biocompatibility.
Visual Inspection System and Psychometric Evaluation with Correlation for Multiple Perceptions

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this chapter, authors propose a new method for improving detection probabilities of the defect inspection in quality control on the FRP product surface. The proposed method has improved the detection probabilities by using the joint probabilities of dual attributes with correlation for multiple perceptions. In order to obtain the improving detection probability, three kinds of attributes: size, aspect ratio, and color density are prepared in experiments. The experiments were performed by the paired comparison under constant stimuli. The result of our experiment qualitatively shows that the improving ratio of detection probabilities for dual attributes:P12, P23, P31 respectively rise approximately 21%, 26% and 24% for the mean in the case of dual attributes experiments. In addition, detection probabilities to be obtained by the method for multiple perceptions such as using dual attributes experiment were improved approximately 28% in comparison with the detection probability of past single attribute. These results showed this method was effective in raising detection probability for multiple perceptions.
681. Increasing Insulin Activity During AAV (Adeno-Associated Virus) Administration to Muscle Improves Gene Transfer in Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

25+ years of AAV (adeno-associated virus) gene therapy research has resulted in optimized: 1- delivery routes, 2- vectors, 3- genomes and 4- immunosuppression. These studies have yielded the first westernized AAV gene therapy drug to treat LPLD (lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency) and the promise of future AAV gene therapy drugs to treat hemophilia B and other genetic disorders. Interestingly, we have little understanding of how hormones regulate these AAV drug/future drug candidates. Our studies show that hormone management has a place in improving AAV gene therapy. Since liver and skeletal muscle are strong responders to insulin and these tissues are common targets for these AAV treatments, our studies focused on how insulin regulates AAV gene therapy. We tested insulin supplementation in: HepG2 (liver), differentiated myocytes, HEK293 (kidney) and A549 (lung epithelial). HepG2 and myocytes showed elevated INSR (insulin receptor) mRNA levels (6 to 9-fold respectively) compared to HEK293 and A549 cells. The elevated INSR levels paralleled a significant 2.5 and 3 fold increase in AAV2-CMV-LacZ (M.O.I of 5e3)gene transfer to HepG2 and myocytes respectively when media was supplemented with insulin. Insulin enhanced gene transfer was not seen in HEK293 and A549 cells. Additionally, using HI glucose (4.5 g/L) and LOW glucose (1.0 g/L) medias, we showed that these results were not influenced by glucose availability. When comparing INSR levels in C57BL/6 mouse tissue, liver and skeletal muscle showed a 10-Fold and 22-Fold increase respectively compared to lung tissue. In these mice, intra-muscular (I. M.) gene delivery using AAV1-CMV-schFIX (dose: 3.0e10 v.g.) was significantly improved 4 to 5 fold (figure 1) using insulin augmentation protocols: either a subcutaneous insulin pellet which released 4 U/kg per day or a high carbohydrate (70%) diet. The insulin augmentation protocols began 1.0 hr prior to AAV administration and continued for 4 weeks after. AAV delivery occurred during the window of a significant drop (3 fold) in blood glucose indicating an increase in insulin activity. The glucose levels had returned to normal 7 days later even though the insulin augmentation protocols continued for 4 weeks likely due to antagonistic feedback responses to long-term hyperinsulinemic conditions (i.e. cortisol release). The insulin augmentation protocols only demonstrated an increase in insulin activity at the onset of vector delivery but not after, yet elevated hFIX levels were sustained throughout the study, even after the insulin augmentation protocols ended. This indicates that insulin activity does not impact sustained transgene expression and may only regulate AAV uptake, intracellular trafficking or both. Data from liver directed studies using AAV8-CMV-schFIX are pending.
Failure of gelsolin overexpression to regulate lymphocyte apoptosis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The actin regulatory protein gelsolin cleaves actin filaments in a calcium- and polyphosphoinositide-dependent manner. Gelsolin has recently been described as a novel substrate of the cysteinyl protease caspase-3, an effector protease activated during apoptosis. Cleavage by caspase-3 generates an amino-terminal fragment of gelsolin that can sever actin filaments independently of calcium regulation. The disruption of the actin cytoskeleton by cleaved gelsolin is hypothesized to mediate many of the downstream morphological changes associated with apoptosis. In contrast, overexpression of full-length gelsolin has also been reported to inhibit apoptotic cell death upstream of the activation of caspase-3, suggesting that gelsolin may also act prior to commitment to cell death. The authors previously observed that actin stabilization by the cell permeant agent jasplakinolide enhanced cell death upon interleukin (IL)-2 or IL-3 withdrawal from growth-factor–dependent lymphocyte cell lines, and hypothesized that actin polymerization could alter the activity of gelsolin, thus enhancing apoptosis. Here the authors show that constitutive overexpression of gelsolin did not, however, inhibit or dramatically enhance apoptotic cell death upon growth-factor withdrawal, nor did it modify sensitivity to jasplakinolide. In contrast to previous reports, overexpression of gelsolin in Jurkat T cells did not prevent or delay apoptosis induced by Fas ligation or ceramide treatment. Overexpressed gelsolin protein was cleaved during apoptosis, as seen previously in this and other cell types. In these model systems, therefore, the level of gelsolin expression was not a rate-limiting determinant in commitment to or time to the morphological changes of apoptosis.
Evaluation of an rDNA Listeria probe for Listeria monocytogenes typing

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A Listeria monocytogenes UNA fragment, identified as part of the 23S rRNA gene and called B17, was used to type 266 L. monocytogenes strains and 43 strains of other Listeria species. Results were compared with those obtained: i) with pBA2 (which consists of a 2.3 kb Bacillus subtilis DNA fragment encoding 16S rRNA, inserted into the HinIII site of pBR322), a probe previously used for Listeria and L. monocytogenes ribotyping, and ii) with DNA macrorestriction profiles analysis. Twenty profiles were identified for L. monocytogenes using pB17, three of which accounted for 87% of strains. This new rDNA probe had greater discriminatory power for serogroups 1/2 or 3 strains than for serogroup 4 strains. The number of varieties and the discrimination index were higher with this new probe than with pBA2, but DNA macrorestriction patterns analysis gave better discrimination between strains.
Abstract 16395: Comparing Cardiopulmonary Exercise Measures of Men and Women With HFrEF and Their Relationship to Prognosis: The Henry Ford HospITal CardioPulmonary Exercise Testing (FIT-CPET) Project

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Several cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) variables (e.g., peak oxygen consumption (VO2), ventilatory efficiency (VE-VCO2) slope, and % predicted peak VO2 (%pVO2)) are regularly used to estimate prognosis in patients with systolic heart failure (HFrEF). Although known sex differences in physiology (i.e., muscle mass, lung volume) result in lower peak VO2 values in healthy women vs. men, this influence on CPET variables and subsequent prognosis in patients with HFrEF is not well described. Purpose: Compare the peak VO2, VE-VCO2 slope and %pVO2 values in men and women that correspond to prognosis using the International Society of Heart Transplant (ISHT) reported North American 1 and 3-y cardiac transplant survival rates (i.e., 86% and 79%, respectively). Methods: Patients with a CPET between 1997 and 2010 were identified. HFrEF was confirmed through a manual query of the medical record. Deaths through December 2011 were identified from the National Death Index. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were developed for each CPET measure and the threshold values and area under the curve (AUC) values associated with 86% and 79% specificity for each sex were determined. Results: A total of 1,201 patients (33% female; 55% Black; 33% ischemic; age = 55 + 13 y; BMI = 31 +7 kg.m-2; EF = 22 + 9%) were included in this analysis. Specificity threshold values and the corresponding AUC, for each CPX variable, are shown in the Table. At 1-y there were 167 (14%) deaths with a 10% event rate for women and 16% for men. At 3-y there were 335 (31%) deaths with a 25% event rate for women and 35% for men. Conclusions: In this large, racially diverse population both peak VO2 and %pVO2 had clinically meaningful differences for risk stratification thresholds depending on sex. This was not true for VE-VCO2 slope. Clinical decisions regarding the need for advanced therapies such as transplant or ventricular assist devices, when based on peak VO2 or %pVO2, might consider the patient’s sex.
COMMENTARY The time is now for action research

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite highly systematic methods for identifying priority problems and assessing intervention effects, the recent study by Tourgeman-Bashkin and colleagues would not be considered rigorous by conventional standards of validity, nor would its sample size of three units impress policymakers eager to promote large-scale change through improvement programs. Yet, study findings suggest that no single intervention would have accomplished as much as the action research approach the authors ’ employed. This perspective argues that although action research may lend itself to neither clean comparisons of intervention and control units over time nor far-reaching improvement campaigns, its advantages, including responsiveness to context, emphasis on implementation and sustainability, and insight about underlying mechanisms of change, make rigorous action research a highly attractive alternative for engendering real world improvement. In Tourgeman-Bashkin and colleagues ’ recent article [1], the authors describe a successful action research initiative in which experts in studying the impact of human factors on work processes engaged frontline workers in radiology to identify opportunities for improving patient
Comparison of Coupling Effectiveness among Amino-, Chloro-, and Mercapto Silanes in Chloroprene Rubber

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The present work focuses mainly on the uses of silane coupling agents in chloroprene rubber (CR) reinforced with precipitated silica (PSi). Grafting of organoalkoxysilane onto surfaces of PSi was conducted, and the characteristics of surface-modified PSi were determined by BET technique, light-scattering particle size analysis, DRIFT and 29 Si NMR spectroscopy. The 3 types of silane coupling agents used in this work were as follows: 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES), 3-chloropropyl triethoxysilane (CPTES) and bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide (TESPT). Processability of compounds and mechanical properties of vulcanizates were then investigated, and compared for the effectiveness of silane coupling agents used in property enhancement. The results reveal that the silane type affects not only the compound processability, but also the vulcanizate mechanical properties. Among 3 silanes, the CPTES and TESPT are capable of reducing the filler-filler interaction to greater extent than the APTES, leading to superior compound processability. Moreover, the amino and mercapto groups of APTES and TESPT, respectively, significantly enhance the mechanical properties of CR vulcanizate more effectively than the chloro groups of CPTES. This might be ascribed to the combined effects of enhanced rubber-filler interaction and improved filler dispersion.
SERUM ANDROGEN CONCENTRATIONS IN NEONATES AND YOUNG INFANTS WITH CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA DUE TO 21‐HYDROXYLASE DEFICIENCY*

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY Concentrations of androstenedione (Δ4‐A), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), testosterone (T), and 17‐hydroxyprogesterone (17‐OHP) were measured in cord sera and in sera of normal and sick infants from birth to 18 months of age, and were compared with those of five male and five female infants with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21‐hydroxylase deficiency (CAH). Cord blood androgen concentrations (Δ4‐A, DHA, T) in three affected CAH newborns and 17‐OHP in two of these infants did not differ from those of normal newborns (twenty females, thirty‐four males). Postnatally, in infants with CAH, both Δ4‐A and 17‐OHP was highly elevated while DHA was not different from that of normal or sick infants. However, one very sick infant with both elevated Δ4‐A and 17‐OHP was ultimately proven to be normal. T in all affected CAH females (70–650 ng/dl) was clearly elevated compared to normal and sick infants (<5–38 ng/dl). T concentrations in four of the five male infants with CAH (60–295 ng/dl) were indistinguishable from the T concentrations in normal newborn males (25–458 ng/dl). Following treatment, longitudinal studies of 17‐OHP and androgens in these infants with CAH showed significantly positive correlation between 17‐OHP and Δ4‐A in both male (r = 0.74) and female (r = 0.8) infants while a positive correlation between 17‐OHP and T was present only in female infants (r=0–97). Thus, serum Δ4‐A was as useful as 17‐OHP for both diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of CAH in both sexes while T was useful only in female infants. Of interest was that T in the male infants with CAH rapidly decreased with glucocorticoid administration and remained low (< 2–11 ng/dl) for 3–4 weeks during the period when T is normally high. This suggests that in CAH the T was adrenal in origin and that testicular T was suppressed in the untreated state. These data support the presence of a negative feedback effect by excess adrenal sex steroids o n the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal axis in young male infants with CAH.
A biophysical model applied to the Benguela upwelling system

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

A three-dimensional biophysical model for the Benguela upwelling system is described. The model (NORWECOM) has been used in previous works to study model circulation, primary production and dispersion of particles (fish larvae and pollution) in the North Sea. The primary task of this work has been to validate its implementation in the Benguela upwelling system by reproducing several of the main characteristics in the area. The results show a well-developed Agulhas Current, the Agulhas retroflection and Agulhas rings. The model is also able to identify main upwelling cells in their correct location, the Angola-Benguela front and a longshore thermal front outside the upwelling area. The Benguela Current and a poleward undercurrent, following the shelf-break, is also shown.
Lumbricus terrestris Linnaeus 1758

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Lumbricus terrestris Linnaeus, 1758 Lumbricus terrestris Linnaeus, 1758: 647. Lumbricus americanus Perrier, 1872: 44. Further synonyms in Blakemore (2012). Type Locality: Uppsala (59.8586°N, 17.6389°E), Sweden (Blakemore 2013c, 2014). Type specimen: Neotype-BMNH 1973:1:1 (Sims 1973; Blakemore 2013, 2014) Distribution in Nepal: Bagmati Province, Kathmandu District, Chandragiri, and Tokha Municipalities (Singh 2022). Distribution elsewhere: Albania, Africa, America, Austria, Australia, Azores, Bangladesh, Belgium, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Denmark, England, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Italy, Jersey, Latvia, Montenegro, Norway, Turkey (Gates 1972; Blakemore 2012, 2014; Mısırlıoğlu et al. 2016; Makin et al. 2014; Blakemore et al. 2022; Reynolds 2022). More distribution mentioned in Narayanan et al. 2023. Habitat: Conifer and deciduous forest, residential lawn (McCay & Skull 2019); crop field and pastureland (Singh 2022). Ecology: Anecic (McCay & Skull 2019). Remarks: Basionym-Latin in origin, ‘terrestris’ means ‘pertaining to earth or land or terrestrial in appearance.’ Needs further confirmation of distribution in other region of Nepal and its status.
Ciliated Cells Express a Novel Pattern of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Allergic Rhinitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Li Fang,1,2 Chun-Hao Li,1,3 Qian Zhang,1,3 Tian-Jiao Jiang,1,3 Yuan Liu,1,2 Feng-Po Shi,1,3 Peng Yu,1,3 Liang Yu,1,3 Ai-Ping Chen,1,3 Tao Li,1,3 Yu-Zhu Wan,1,3 Li Shi1,3 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The Second People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Allergy, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Tao Li; Yu-Zhu Wan, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Duanxing West Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 531 83086279 ; +86 531 83086280, Fax +86 531 87980304, Email ltwfmc@163.com; wanyuzhu001@126.comBackground: Mounting research indicates that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), has great potential to increase neuro-hyperresponsiveness and airway resistance in airway allergic disease. The expression level of BDNF has been found to be notably elevated in lung/nasal lavage (NAL) fluid. However, the expression and position of BDNF in ciliated cells with allergic rhinitis remains unclear.Methods: Nasal mucosal cells were collected from patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and mice which were performed under different allergen challenge time, then observed the expression and position of BDNF located in ciliated cells through the immunofluorescence staining. Nasal mucosa, serum and NAL fluid were collected also. The expression level of BDNF and IL-4/5/13 were detected by RT-PCR. The expressions of BDNF (in serum and NAL fluid), and total-IgE, ovalbumin sIgE (in serum) were detected by ELISA.Results: We found that MFI of BDNF in AR group’s ciliated cells was obviously lower than that in the control group, and a negative correlation was discovered between MFI and VAS score. It can be roughly divided into 5 patterns according to its location in the cytoplasm of ciliated cells. In the mouse model, the expressions of BDNF in serum and NAL fluid increased temporarily after allergen stimulation. The MFI of BDNF in ciliated cells displayed an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease.Conclusion: Our study shows for the first time that, the expression and localization of BNDF were observed in the human nasal ciliated epithelial cells of allergic rhinitis, and the expression of level was less than the control group under the persistent state of allergy. BDNF expression in ciliated cells was transient increased after allergen stimulation and decreased to normal level after 24h in mouse model of allergic rhinitis. This might be the possible source of the transient increase of BNDF in serum and NAL fluid.Keywords: allergic rhinitis, BDNF, ciliated cell, NAL fluid
Study the Expression of marA Gene in Ciprofloxacin and Tetracycline Resistant Mutants of Esherichia coli.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

MarA activates two membrane dependent mechanisms of resistance to different antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin and tetracycline, including promotion of outflux and inhibition of influx of antibiotics. Thus, MarA causes multiple antibiotic resistance phenotype. The activation of these mechanisms needs overexpression of marA. This could happen through mutation in marR. Thus, the aim of this study was to measure marA expression in ciprofloxacin resistant E. coli gyrA mutants and clones with or without marR mutation. For this purpose, real time PCR was used to measure relative expression of marA in above mutants and clones. Results showed that two clones, C14 and C17 overexpressed marA. It is concluded that the level of marA expression is important for activation of above mechanisms.
Analysis of remote synchronization in complex networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A novel regime of synchronization, called remote synchronization, where the peripheral nodes form a phase synchronized cluster not including the hub, was recently observed in star motifs [Bergner et al., Phys. Rev. E 85, 026208 (2012)]. We show the existence of a more general dynamical state of remote synchronization in arbitrary networks of coupled oscillators. This state is characterized by the synchronization of pairs of nodes that are not directly connected via a physical link or any sequence of synchronized nodes. This phenomenon is almost negligible in networks of phase oscillators as its underlying mechanism is the modulation of the amplitude of those intermediary nodes between the remotely synchronized units. Our findings thus show the ubiquity and robustness of these states and bridge the gap from their recent observation in simple toy graphs to complex networks.