jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
BRO beta-lactamases of Branhamella catarrhalis and Moraxella subgenus Moraxella, including evidence for chromosomal beta-lactamase transfer by conjugation in B. catarrhalis, M. nonliquefaciens, and M. lacunata

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Two closely related beta-lactamases, BRO-1 and BRO-2 (formerly called Ravasio and 1908), are found in Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis. We screened strains of B. catarrhalis recovered in the United States since 1952 and identified the first beta-lactamase-positive isolate in August 1976. The prevalence of the enzymes among 394 clinical isolates from one Texas hospital has averaged 75% since testing began in 1983. Screening of isolates of Moraxella subgenus Moraxella revealed the BRO enzymes in two other human respiratory tract species, M. lacunata and M. nonliquefaciens, beginning in 1978. A different beta-lactamase with a pI of 6.4 predominated in other species of subgenus Moraxella. BRO-2 had a different isoelectric focusing pattern and was produced in lesser amounts than BRO-1, but the two enzymes were indistinguishable by substrate or inhibitor profile. BRO enzymes from B. catarrhalis, M. nonliquefaciens, and M. lacunata could be transferred by conjugation and, for B. catarrhalis, also by transformation to B. catarrhalis. Plasmid bands were demonstrated in 90% of M. nonliquefaciens and in one previously reported strain of B. catarrhalis, but no change in plasmid profiles was seen in beta-lactamase-positive recombinants, supporting previous studies that suggested the beta-lactamase genes are chromosomal.
[Influence of berbamine on the immune function in mice infected with the influenza virus].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The dysfunction of the alveolar microphages from mice associated with sublethal infection [10(5.3) LD50/0.05 ml] of influenza A/FM1. The results showed that ip berbamine 10 mg/kg qd * 7 d enhanced the phagocytic function, intracellular bactericidal activity and phagosome-lysosome fusion after the mice were intranasally inoculated with FM1, as revealed by staining with methylene blue and fluorescein-labelling. On d 7 the phagocytosis rats was 48.0+/-1.5% in the control group, whereas 72.8+/-1.6% in berbamine group; the cytocidal rates were 2.9+/-1.0% and 5.9+/-1.2%, and the inhibitions of phagosome-lysosome fusion were 65+/-3% an 25+/-3%, respectively. All the differences were statistically significant. But berbamine did not influence the hemagglutinating titer in brondhoalveolar spaces, production of anti-influenza antibodies and the viral pneumonia. The results suggest that berbamine is an immunostimulating agent.
Investigating the Impact of CALL on EFL Students' Speaking Skills at Islamic Boarding School: A Mix-Method Approach

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study examines the impact of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) on speaking fluency and confidence among EFL students at Al-Mizan Islamic Boarding School in Indonesia. A mixed-method approach was employed, with quantitative data collected through pre-tests and post-tests and qualitative data through interviews and observations. Speaking fluency was measured based on speech flow, pace, continuity, naturalness, and intonation, while confidence was measured based on willingness to participate, composure, eye contact, vocal clarity, and engagement. Results revealed significant improvements, with the average fluency score increasing from 55.46 to 75.67 and confidence score from 58.63 to 80.58 after an eight-week CALL intervention. Qualitative findings highlighted that CALL’s interactive features and real-time feedback supported students in improving their pronunciation and reducing speaking anxiety. This study underscores the effectiveness of CALL in enhancing speaking proficiency and fostering learner autonomy, particularly in EFL contexts with limited speaking opportunities. While the findings are promising, future research with larger samples and extended intervention periods is recommended to examine the long-term impacts of CALL. These results advocate for integrating CALL into language education to create more engaging and supportive learning environments that promote fluency and confidence development in EFL learners.
Experiência de economia solidária da cáritas do Ceará: o caso da Rede Bodegas

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

“Economia solidária” is sought of social reform into numerous scope of human action and it has remarkable grew up in recent years because its different configurations. My main question is make a research about “Rede Bodegas” namely “Rede de Economia Popular Solidária” placed in the State of Ceará. “Rede Bodegas” that is an instance of and refers to Caritas which has some projects concern Alternative Community Projects (so called PACs). Hence, we search for an answer to the questions: how they become entirely independent any way and farther how they construct the underlying source of “Economia Solidária”. The methodology adopted is like an empiric one or only “a case” through we concern with “Rede Bodegas” activities. Informations at issue were grasped through a questionnaire which comprises lessons about production, betterment, trading and distribution of economic outcome. Data that were researched provides a framework (schema) supported by Cáritas Diocesana de Fortaleza accord to the principles of “Economia solidária”. This project has a clearly concern: bringing up gain for its agents such improvement income and environmental rectitude possessing, mutual cooperation and solidarity feeling. Hence, Caritas played a role especially with a logistic one: qualifying people, methodological, supervising, etc. According data interpretation it’s possible to construct a virtuous circle to Rede Bodegas that can be financial supported by Caritas. The result can be enjoyed by everyone who is comprised with the project in order to bring at all into account the dignity of people. For example, along with 8 diocese distributed all over the state (2006), there was minimal results, but those were at least important to advance the project tout court on a continuum. Then, “Economia Popular Solidária” sets up a prominent future (the project can be settled by Caritas) and it gets farther.
Recurrent Strokes Due to Occlusive Disease of Extracranial Vessels

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A CEREBROVASCULAR accident of extracranial occlusive origin is usually due to segmental involvement of an arterial channel. With demonstrable stenosis of one carotid, the contralateral carotid artery may also be involved some time in the future. When both carotid arteries manifest stenosis, the clinical symptoms may be ascribed to one artery which may be surgically treated, but the contralateral vessel also may be eventually further stenosed or occluded. Usually, three or more years elapse before the contralateral carotid becomes stenosed or occluded symptomatically. The vertebral vessels are implicated much sooner and, in such cases, there is probably multiple vascular occlusive disease from the time of the initial symptoms. In a group of 130 endarterectomy patients, eight developed new strokes from occlusive involvement of other than the endarterectomized or occluded vessel. The follow-up period was 2 to 11 years. In five cases with one carotid involved, the contralateral carotid artery became
Associative memory algorithm for visual pattern recognition with memristor array and CMOS neuron

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the development of a neuromorphic system for visual pattern recognition. Associative memory algorithm has been used to recognize specific patterns and the method is implemented with discrete circuit elements that use memristors as the synapse. Weight of the synapses between the inputs and output neurons are adjusted by memristors. The amount of the neural block depends on how many patterns and each block contains 30 weighted synapses connected to the output. Each input corresponding to a pixel in a 6×5 pixel image generates voltage pulses according to the pixel value. The input voltage pulses weight are then maintained by the memristors and integrated by the output neurons. Each of the output of neurons is compared with a fixed threshold voltage which will determine whether the output bit is 0 or 1. Successfully demonstration of the system has been done by training and recognizing images of numbers from 1 to 8.
HE CORRELATION BETWEEN STUDENTS’ LEARNING STYLE AND THEIR ENGLISH ACHIEVEMENT IN SPEAKING SKILL

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The study concerned with the correlation between students’ learning style and their English achievement in speaking skill. The aim of this study attempted to examine the correlation between students’ learning style and students’ English achievement on speaking based on their visual and auditory. To achieve this aim of this research, this study employed quantitative method by using an ex-post facto design. The participants of the research consisted of 25 students of the twelfth grade that were chosen randomly in one of senior high schools in Garut. This study also used the questionnaire and students’ speaking score as the research instruments. In this study, the results were shown that tobserved = > tcritical = 0, there was significant correlation between students’ learning style and their English achievement in speaking skill. Determination coefficient was 72 , it showed that learning style get strong influence to their English achievement in speaking skill. In addition, visual learning style had a high influence towards students’ English learning achievement from the result of questionnaire. Therefore, the teacher should applied visual learning style to improve students’ achievement, especially in speaking skill. In other words, by using learning style made the students enjoy and feel comfortable following learning process and easier to comprehend the materials.
Surface Modification of Additively Manufactured Nitinol by Wet Chemical Etching

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Three-dimensional printed nitinol (NiTi) alloys have broad prospects for application in medicine due to their unique mechanical properties (shape memory effect and superplasticity) and the possibilities of additive technologies. However, in addition to mechanical properties, specific physicochemical characteristics of the surface are necessary for successful medical applications. In this work, a comparative study of additively manufactured (AM) NiTi samples etched in H2SO4/H2O2, HCl/H2SO4, and NH4OH/H2O2 mixtures was performed. The morphology, topography, wettability, free surface energy, and chemical composition of the surface were studied in detail. It was found that etching in H2SO4/H2O2 practically does not change the surface morphology, while HCl/H2SO4 treatment leads to the formation of a developed morphology and topography. In addition, exposure of nitinol to H2SO4/H2O2 and HCl/H2SO4 contaminated its surface with sulfur and made the surface wettability unstable in air. Etching in NH4OH/H2O2 results in surface cracking and formation of flat plates (10–20 microns) due to the dissolution of titanium, but clearly increases the hydrophilicity of the surface (values of water contact angles are 32–58°). The etch duration (30 min or 120 min) significantly affects the morphology, topography, wettability and free surface energy for the HCl/H2SO4 and NH4OH/H2O2 etched samples, but has almost no effect on surface composition.
Joint Resolution of the National Conference "Strategy for the Creation of Sustainable Dendrological Collections" and the organizational meeting of the Dendrological Commission of the Council of Botanical Gardens of Russia, held on March 14-16, 2017 in the Subtropical Botanical Garden of the Kuban (Sochi).

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The conference was attended by 168 people, including 23 doctors and 59 candidates of science representing 86 institutions and organizations, 50 of which are members of the Council of Botanical Gardens of Russia, from 42 regions and CIS countries, which have comprehensively discussed the problem of sustainability of collections of woody open plants And the closed ground of botanical gardens and dendrological parks of Russia. Based on the results of the National Dendrological Conference and the Dendrological Commission of the Council of Botanical Gardens of Russia, documents, decisions and recommendations were adopted.
Analysis of a discrete-time repairable queue with disasters and working breakdowns

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we analyse a discrete-time queue with a primary server of high service capacity and a substitute server of low service capacity. Disasters that only arrive during the busy periods of the primary server remove all customers from the system and make the primary server breakdown. When the primary server fails and is being repaired, the substitute server handles arriving customers. Applying the embedded Markov chain technique and the supplementary variable method, we determine the distribution of the system length at departure epochs and the joint distribution of the queue length and server’s state at an arbitrary instant. Then we derive the sojourn time distribution. We also provide the probability generating function of the time between failures. Some numerical examples are delivered to give an insight into the impact of system parameters on performance measures and a cost function.
Rituals of migration: an introduction

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This introduction presents a framework for the articles in the special issue Rituals of Migration. First, it provides an overview of studies of ritual and migration, highlighting the fruitfulness of exploring the two fields together and arguing for the use of ritual as a cultural prism on processes of continuity and change in migration. In light of these analytical approaches, the introduction continues by outlining and discussing the three major themes that crosscut the articles (the interrelations between change and continuity, processes of placemaking and lines of social differentiation), demonstrating how the articles can shed light on these issues.
Confined Tension and Triaxial Extension Tests on Eglin High-Strength Concrete

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) has a need to conduct basic research to understand and implement the necessary physics for materials of interest that increase the accuracy of Finite Element (F.E.) material models. All concretes exhibit higher strength in compression than in tension, therefore it is critical to understand the tensile properties of such materials under varying confinements. These physics need to be accurately modeled in constitutive frameworks (i.e., models) within finite element codes to correctly simulate concrete behavior. This report documents well-controlled quasi-static TriaXial Extension (TXE) and Confined Tension (CT) experiments on Eglin high-strength concrete using a new experimental apparatus design by Applied Research Associates, Inc., Randolph, VT. The experiments developed the tensile failure envelope for this particular material for high-pressure loading up to a maximum mean stress and deviatoric stress of 250 MPa and 275 MPa, respectively. It was found that the tensile failure envelope was distinctly different from that of the compression failure envelope.
Assessment of Saudi Physicians and Physical Therapists' Adherence to the Updated Clinical Practice Guideline for Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: A Cross-Sectional Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Variations in clinical practice regarding the management of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) among clinicians have been noted in previous studies. Such variations might be related to the different adherence to clinical practice guidelines. Objective To evaluate clinicians' adherence to BPPV guidelines and investigate the variations in the adherence between different specialties and qualifications. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with a vignettes-based survey conducted between June and August, 2020. We included clinicians engaged in managing BPPV that had at least one year of clinical experience. We excluded students, and clinicians who were not involved in the management of individuals with BPPV. Participants were asked to make their management choices based on four hypothetical patient vignettes. The sample ranged from 77 participants for the first vignette to 45 participants for the last vignette. Results We included 77 clinicians in the study, with the majority being Otolaryngologists (31.2%). The respondents' mean adherence to the guideline was of 63.3%. Result showed that Otolaryngologists' adherence was higher than that of clinicians from different specialties (p = 0.006, d = 0.72). Furthermore, clinicians with a postgraduate degree were more likely to adhere than those with a bachelor's degree only (p = 0.014, d = 0.58) and participants who were aware of the guideline were more likely to adhere to it (p < 0.001, d = 1.05). Lastly, regression analysis exhibited that adherence was affected by postgraduate degree and guideline awareness. Conclusion Otolaryngologists were more likely to adhere to the guideline than other specialties. Among all specialties, higher adherence was associated with guideline awareness and postgraduate degrees.
Repetitive nerve stimulation and single‐fiber electromyography in the evaluation of patients with suspected myasthenia gravis or Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome: Review of recent literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Introduction : Our aim in this study was to provide an updated literature review of electrodiagnostic testing in myasthenia gravis and Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome. Methods : A systematic review of the recent literature was performed using the following key words: myasthenia gravis (MG); Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS); electromyography (EMG); repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS); single‐fiber electromyography (SFEMG); nerve conduction study; and normative values. Results : Several articles supported testing of facial, bulbar, and respiratory muscles in the diagnosis of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) disorders, including muscle‐specific kinase antibody (MuSK)‐seropositive MG. Several articles supported use of concentric needle EMG as an alternative to SFEMG jitter in disorders of neuromuscular transmission. A limited number of articles addressed measurement of area (vs. amplitude) decrement in RNS and decreasing the threshold of post‐exercise facilitation. Conclusions : Electrodiagnostic testing continues to be useful for diagnosis of MG and LEMS, although the quality of the evidence is not great. This literature review summarizes RNS and jitter measurement of facial and respiratory muscles and use of concentric needle EMG for SFEMG. Muscle Nerve 52:455–462, 2015
The Existence of Mothers Using Social Media in Families in Sincimun Village East Halongonan District

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose of the study: This study aims to explore the effects of social media usage by housewives in Siancimun Village, Halongonan Timur District, on family harmony. As social media usage increases across various segments of society, this phenomenon has begun to influence family life, particularly among housewives who play a dominant role in household dynamics. Methodology: This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, utilizing data collection methods such as observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis method used in this study includes data reduction, data presentation, and data verification in order to draw conclusions. The validity of qualitative research data was tested using credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability techniques. Main Findings: The findings of the study indicate that social media offers various benefits, such as facilitating communication, providing access to information, and serving as a source of inspiration for housewives in Siancimun Village. However, uncontrolled usage may lead to negative consequences, including reduced productivity, family conflicts, and imbalances in household roles. Therefore, awareness and wise time management are essential to ensure that social media is used positively without disrupting family harmony. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study contributes to addressing the research gap concerning the use of social media by housewives in rural areas, specifically in Siancimun Village, Halongonan Timur District. Previous studies have generally discussed the impact of social media on society at large, highlighting both its positive aspects, such as facilitating communication, and its negative aspects, such as fostering dependency.
Gulag town, company town: forced labor and its legacy in Vorkuta

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Gulag town, company town: forced labor and its legacy in Vorkuta, by Alan Barenberg, The Yale-Hoover Series on Stalin, Stalinism, and Cold War, New Haven CT, Yale University Press, 2014, xv + 331 pp., Appendices, Notes, Maps, Index, $65.00 (hbk), ISBN 978-0-300-17944-6In Gulag Town, Company Town, Alan Barenberg aims to free Gulag from Solzhenitsyn's metaphorical ?archipelago' by demonstrating close connection between system of forced labour and Soviet society, and fundamental role of Gulag in Soviet system (14). Utilizing Arctic coal-mining town of Vorkuta as focus of his examination, Barenberg adeptly traces both establishment and growth of Vorkuta labour camp ( Vorkutlag) and its conversion from Gulag town to company town in years following death of Joseph Stalin.The first half of book begins with a discussion of Vorkuta's establishment as a colony designed specifically for puiposes of coal extraction, and its transition from outpost on margins of Soviet society to home in war with Germany. Here, connection between terror and rapid expansion of Vorkutlag camp is well detailed, and Barenberg offers a brief but interesting analysis of Vorkuta's changing myth of discovery, which he sees as symbolic of its shift from colony to important part of Soviet home front (53-54). Next, establishment of civilian city of Vorkuta during war is examined with a particular emphasis on interconnectedness of prisoner and non-prisoner populations, despite official efforts to maintain a strict separation between two. Indeed, the proximity of these two worlds and porousness of borders between them made it virtually impossible to isolate them from each other, and Barenberg does well to highlight ways in which social boundaries were blurred, and hierarchies violated, as a result (118).Vorkuta's rapid transition from a Gulag town into a company town after death of Stalin forms basis of second half of book, as Barenberg guides reader through so-called Beria amnesty, well-documented Rechlag strike, and subsequent efforts to shift labour composition in Vorkuta's mines from prisoner to nonprisoner (123). In Barenberg's estimation, these efforts were a qualified success, as aggressive recruitment policies and attempts to retain services of former prisoners and exiles had virtually ended need for prisoner labor to be contracted from camps by 1960 (189-190). And while prison labor continued to play an economic role in city, Barenberg successfully delineates process by which Gulag zone was gradually transformed into a civilian space, albeit one dominated by former Gulag inmates and exiles (189). …