jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
162 FAT DIGESTION AND GUT TRANSIT TIMES IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS — A COMPARISON OF STANDARD AND HIGH STRENGTH PANCREATIC ENZYMES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Reports of colonic strictures in children with cystic fibrosis have suggested a possible link with high strength pancreatic enzymes (HSPE). This study aims to determine whether the relatively late release of HSPE activity results in unphysiological and inappropriately high enzyme levels in the colon compared to standard strength preparations. 18 children with cystic fibrosis with a mean age of 10.9 years (range 2.7 - 16.6) were studied with a stable isotope breath test. Breath samples were collected for up to 12 hours following a test meal containing 13C labelled mixed triglyceride. Maximal lipolytic activity was measured by peak 13C recovery in breath, and combined with gut transit times (using hydrogen breath tests, carmine red marker) to determine the site of maximum lipolysis. Each child was tested on 3 occasions with equivalent lipase units of 1 standard and 2 high-strength pancreatic enzymes. 14/18 patients had high fasting breath hydrogen. The median oro-caecal transit time and time to peak 13C recovery were both delayed at 6.0 hours (range 4-7.5) and 4 hours (2.5-9) respectively. For each child the relation of time to peak 13C recovery (i.e. maximum lipolysis) and oro-caecal transit time was consistent and independent of the type of enzyme. Time to maximum lipolysis was shorter than the oro-caecal transit time in 16/18 patients. In conclusion there was no difference in the timing or degree of lipolysis between the standard and high strength pancreatic enzymes. Maximum lipolysis occurred in the same part of the gastrointestinal tract (probably the distal small gut) with both the standard and high strength enzymes.
P091 Surgical management of hidradenitis suppurativa: a 12-month review from a tertiary referral centre on the long-term outcomes of surgical intervention for groin, gluteal, perianal and genital disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Despite numerous pharmacological advances in the management of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), achieving adequate disease control remains challenging. This has led to an increased need for surgical intervention. Representing a tertiary referral centre, run in conjunction with a dedicated colorectal surgery team, we aim to highlight our experience of running a multidisciplinary service and the long-term outcomes achieved with surgical management, in conjunction with traditional medical management. Between October 2022 and October 2023, 28 patients underwent surgical debridement for groin, gluteal, perianal or genital disease. A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was then conducted, comparing their Hidradenitis Suppurativa Physician Global Assessment (HSPGA) scores both pre- and postoperatively. We evaluated the role of patient factors such as body mass index (BMI), smoking status, age at disease onset, number of sites involved and associated inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Moreover, we assessed whether cotherapy with adalimumab, acitretin or dapsone affected the overall outcome. Within the evaluated 12-month timeframe, 28 patients underwent surgical debridement of groin, gluteal, perianal or genital disease. Most were men (68%), most currently or formerly smoked (75%), the mean BMI was 28.5 kg m−2 and an average of 3 individual body sites were affected. Six patients had associated IBD. At the time of surgery, all patients had an HSPGA score of 3 or above, with 86% having Hurley stage 3 disease. In regard to concomitant medical therapies, 13 were taking adalimumab and seven were taking acitretin. Notably, none of our patients had been prescribed long-term antibiotics. Operatively, all patients underwent debridement of complex fistula (two with the addition of a seton suture). In all cases, wounds healed by secondary intention and no skin grafts were performed. At the 4-month postoperative review, 59% of patients had a reduction in their HSPGA severity score (35% by 1 point and 24% by 2 points). There were no hospital readmissions, no documented postoperative complications and no evidence of disease recurrence. Our collaborative approach with colorectal surgery resulted in a significant reduction in disease severity, emphasizing the impactful role of surgical intervention alongside traditional medical management. This underscores the efficacy of our multidisciplinary service in achieving long-term positive outcomes for patients with complex disease.
Fetal Echocardiography Vs. Pulse Oximetry Screening for Early Detection of Critical Congenital Heart Diseases and Neonatal Outcome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Delayed diagnosis of critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) in neonates increases morbidity and mortality. Prenatal diagnosis by fetal echocardiography (FE) allows preparing an appropriate perinatal and postnatal care, while postnatal pulse oximetry screening (POS) is recommended to increase detection of these conditions as well. Objective This study aimed at comparing outcome in neonates with congenital heart diseases diagnosed either by fetal echocardiography versus those screened by pulse oximeter. Patient and Methods This is an observational study conducted on 30 neonates admitted to Neonatal intensive care unit of Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital with CHD in the period from December 2019 to June 2021. Neonates were divided into 2 groups; Group1of neonates with CHD identified by FE and Group 2 included those detected by POS. Results Fifteen neonate diagnosed by fetal echocardiography were compared to another 15 newborns with congenital heart disease detected by pulse oximeter screening. There was no significant difference between both groups regarding demographic and maternal history. Clinical examination between the two groups did not differ either except for oxygen saturation, which was lower in the group diagnosed by pulse oximeter (p = 0.035). Fetal echocardiography could diagnose all types of cardiac abnormalities, unlike Pulse oximeter that detected only those with desaturation. Neither management nor outcome of patients differed based on the mode of diagnosis. Conclusions Fetal echocardiography can diagnose all types of structural cardiac anomalies antenatal, unlike postnatal pulse oximeter, which detects congenital cardiac defects with evidence of desaturation only.
Development of an expert system for diagnosing component-level failures in a shuttle car

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The development of a rule-based expert system, called SCAR for assisting electricians in diagnosing electrical faults in a shuttle car is discussed. Insight 2+, a microcomputer-based expert-system development tool, was used in creating the system. The program requires the user to specify the initial symptoms of the failed machine, and the most probable cause of failure is traced through the knowledge base, with the software requesting additional information such as voltage or resistance measurements as needed. A causal-reasoning approach, which was used to develop the production rules, is described. The organization, implementation, and limitations of the knowledge base are also presented, along with a brief discussion of the ongoing development of a new system SCAR.2.< >
Unboxing Sea and Nautical Metaphors

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Chapter 2 examines epigrams spanning a wide chronological period and employing sea and nautical imagery. It explores the various ways in which the epigrammatists responded, individually and collectively, to the opportunities offered by earlier poetic tradition which made ample use of this kind of figurative language. It demonstrates that the extensive usage of metaphors in the subgenre constitutes a deliberate and most useful narrative choice. Similarly to the deployment of ‘concrete images’, metaphors offered the epigrammatists the opportunity to approach a theme from different angles while in parallel attaining narrative concision. The chapter further examines the dynamics of poetic imitation and competition as they emerged between epigrammatists who lived in the same or different historical eras, and between the two major poet–editors, Meleager and Philip of Thessalonica.
Age-Related Changes in Hemispheric Organization

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract This chapter links recent behavioral and neuroimaging findings on hemispheric lateralization and aging to general ideas about hemispheric organization. The chapter has three main sections. The first section focuses on hemispheric organization. It reviews evidence concerning hemispheric specialization, at both anatomical and functional levels, and then describes three views of hemispheric interaction: insulation, inhibition, and cooperation. The second section describes two models concerning age-related changes in lateralization: the right hemiaging model and the age-related asymmetry reduction model. Evidence supporting each model is reviewed, and the two models are compared. The third section links the first two by considering how age-related asymmetry reductions relate to the three views of hemispheric interaction and models of hemispheric specialization.
Risk Factors for Febrile Neutropenia among Breast, Lung, and Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Analysis of Health Plan Databases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Chemotherapy regimens, patient factors, and the use of colony stimulating factor (CSF) influence cancer patients’ risk for febrile neutropenia (FN) when they receive myelosuppressive chemotherapy. The incidence of FN and patient factors influencing that risk are relatively unknown in community settings. Using claims from Medicare, Medicaid and two private health insurance plan enrollees linked to the Puget Sound SEER registry, we examined the incidence of FN among breast, lung and colorectal cancer patients diagnosed 2002–05 who received adjuvant chemotherapy. We used logistic regression models to determine factors influencing the risk for FN within the first chemotherapy cycle, controlling for cancer stage, age, sex, race, comorbidities, chemotherapy-regimen related FN risk (as designated by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network), CSF use, health insurance type, and surgery or radiation ≤30 days from administration of first chemotherapy. Over the time horizon, 1096 breast, 1142 lung, and 755 colorectal cancer patients received chemotherapy. The incidence of any FN in the first chemotherapy cycle was (counts per 100 recipients by high, intermediate, and low-risk myelosuppressive chemotherapy according to NCCN categories respectively) 7.36, 10.0, 4.70 for breast cancer, 17.12, 14.15, 12.22 for lung cancer, and 25.0, 8.96, 6.37 for colorectal cancer. Significant predictors (p&lt;0.05) of any FN were: breast cancer—radiation ≤ 30 days from first chemotherapy administration (OR 2.90, 95% CI 1.21–6.94), other non-black race vs. white race (OR 2.82, 95% CI 1.29–6.17), or Medicaid insurance (OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.10–4.89); lung cancer—radiation ≤ 30 days from first chemotherapy administration (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.01–2.61), surgery ≤ 30 days from first chemotherapy administration (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.02–4.25), Medicaid insurance (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.08–4.84), or a Charlson comorbidity score ≥ 2 (OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.11–5.91); colorectal cancer—female gender (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.02–3.41) or high myelosuppressive risk chemotherapy regimen (OR 7.66, 95% CI 2.95–19.89). In this analysis, predictors of FN varied between cancers. Limitations of this analysis include lack of information about chemotherapy and CSF doses, as this is not captured in the SEER registry or claims data. These results indicate that several factors may interact to influence a patient’s likelihood of developing FN in the first cycle of adjuvant chemotherapy.
Chronic Marijuana Smoking Does Not Negatively Impact Select Blood Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Young, Physically Active Men and Women

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The smoking of Cannabis sativa, the marijuana plant, is increasing in popularity among young adults, even those who may be engaged in regular exercise (i.e., athletes). Research has shown the plant to have antioxidant and analgesic properties, but the effects on oxidative stress are conflicting. The purpose of this study was to measure blood oxidative stress and cardio-metabolic parameters in physically active men and women who regularly smoke marijuana. Methods: A total of 43 marijuana smokers (23 ± 4 years) and 22 non-smokers (24 ± 7 years), who did not smoke tobacco products, participated in this study. Both smokers and non-smokers engaged in regularly exercise, totaling several hours per week (6.4 ± 4.0 and 6.8 ± 4.4, respectively). Smokers reported using marijuana frequently during the week (4.5 ± 2.3 sessions) for a minimum of three consecutive months prior to participating in the study. Blood samples were collected from participants following a 12-hour fast (all food, drink [except water] and smoking) and analyzed for malondialdehyde, advanced oxidation protein products, glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides. Heart rate and blood pressure was also measured and recorded. Results: No differences of statistical significance were noted for any variable (p > 0.05), with very similar values noted between smokers and non-smokers. Conclusions: In a sample of young, physically active men and women, regular marijuana smoking is not associated with untoward effects on select biomarkers of oxidative stress and cardio-metabolic health. These findings do not suggest that marijuana smoking can be done without harm, as limitations of this study need to be considered.
Flexible, Eco-Friendly and Profitable Car Sharing Contracts: An Investigation into consumers’ behavior

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Recently car sharing companies have grown across the United States. Members of these companies, when faced upon the decision on the amount of time to rent a car for, do not always make rational decisions. This behavior negatively affects both the customers and the company as if customers reserve a car for the wrong amount of time, they might either return it early and pay for extra time that they do not need, or they might return it late and incur a penalty fee. When this happens, the company needs to find a way to satisfy other customers’ that might have been displaced. This research paper therefore aims at analyzing customers’ behaviors and understanding which variables affect customers’ decisions when reserving a car. Through a random effects logistic regression analysis, data was analyzed to understand which variables influence a late return. Results showed that the two variables playing the most critical roles in the percent change of late returns are the time of the day and whether or not a customer had to pay a penalty on their previous rental.
Frontline Worker (FLW) Knowledge and Motivation Influence Maternal Exposure to Complementary Feeding Counseling at Home

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Home‐visit based counseling is a proven intervention to improve complementary feeding (CF) practices. In India, CF counseling is to be delivered by FLWs ‐ Anganwadi Workers (AWWs) and Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) but program experience with CF counseling is limited. We surveyed 588 FLWs and 1183 households in Odisha state to assess the status and determinants of delivery of counseling and other nutrition interventions. Regression analysis was used to study FLW and maternal determinants of maternal exposure to CF counseling. Outcome variable: mother received CF advice at home visit; independent variables (FLW): FLW characteristics, knowledge, sources of motivation, training; independent variables (maternal): demographic characteristics and socio‐economic status. Although most mothers received home visits from FLWs (76% from AWWs and 88% from ASHAs), <30% received CF advice in those visits. FLW motivation to help others (AWW: OR=2.9; CI: 1.61, 5.20; ASHA: OR = 2.2; CI: 1.19, 4.17) and CF knowledge (AWW: OR=2.3; CI: 1.28, 4.39; ASHA: OR = 3.6; CI: 2.12, 6.19) were associated with higher maternal exposure to CF advice. ASHAs' motivation to work for income lowered the odds of exposure to CF advice (OR=0.20; CI: 0.114, 0.371); ASHAs typically receive performance‐based incentives, which could limit their motivation to deliver non‐incentivized interventions. Our study highlights the role of FLW CF knowledge, intrinsic motivation to help others and extrinsic motivation from income as determinants of maternal exposure to CF counseling. Investments in building FLW knowledge and incentivizing or regularizing payment for counseling could improve CF counseling coverage. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, through POSHAN, led by IFPRI
Politeness Theory

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Politeness theory grew out of the emergent traditions of pragmatics and interactional sociolinguistics in the 1970s. It was not, however, until the 1980s and 1990s that research and development of politeness from an academic perspective really blossomed. Linguistic‐politeness researchers are interested in how participants create, maintain, or repair positive social, and hence effective interpersonal relationships within and through linguistic interaction, in a range of sociologically or pragmatically understood settings. This article provides an historical account of politeness theory, showing how each new theoretical formulation led to a critique that, in turn, generated a new family of politeness theorizing.
Teachers Constructing Mathematics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Given that resources for the professional development of teachers are becoming increasingly scarce as LEA INSET provision wanes and funding is channelled through local management of schools (LMS), less expensive, more efficient and accountable methods are being sought to help and support teachers, often through schoolcentred or schoolfocused activity. The improvement of teachers' subject knowledge is widely acknowledged as of central importance, if primary schools are to make the progress demanded with teaching the National Curriculum (OFSTED, 1993). Additionally, there is a need for schools to provide more consistent quality teaching and learning models for student teachers to witness as more training is transferred to classrooms.
Inspection of Reactor Steel Degradation by Magnetic Adaptive Testing

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Degradation of nuclear pressure vessel steel materials, 15Kh2NMFA type and A508 Cl2 type (definition is given in the text) were investigated by a novel magnetic nondestructive testing method, so-called Magnetic Adaptive Testing (MAT), which is based on systematic measurement and evaluation of minor magnetic hysteresis loops. The measured samples were thermally treated by a special step cooling procedure, which generated structural changes in the material. It was found that this type of degradation can be easily followed by magnetic measurements. Charpy impact test were also performed and the results were compared with the magnetic parameters. In case of 15Kh2NMFA steel, a good, reliable and closely linear correlation was found between magnetic descriptors and transition temperature.
Rice Hull Chemicals

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTRice Hull ChemicalsCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1970, 48, 43, 8Publication Date (Print):October 12, 1970Publication History Published online7 November 2010Published inissue 12 October 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v048n043.p008aCopyright © 1970 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views6Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (128 KB) SUBJECTS:Physical and chemical processes,Plant derived food Get e-Alerts
Progress in Dark Matter Research and the Synthetical Approach to Science

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The basics of dark matter research was introduced, and also recent progress was discussed in this field, including the evidence of dark matter, the cold dark matter model, the search of weakly interacting dark matter, researches on dark matter halo, and other astrophysical constraints. The current method of dark matter investigation differs from the traditional of reductionism, it might serve as an example of the synthetical approach of research.
ISSUES IN THE USE OF MAINTENANCE ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This case report on the use of Maintenance Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT-M) presents certain observations and raises some issues in the use of the method. The report offers wider indication for ECT-M, including schizophrenia and bipolar disorders and younger patients. It raises the issues that die duration of use of ECT-M can be short rather than indefinite and that in the post ECT-M period, drug maintenance using the same drugs which were ineffective pre-ECT-M can be used effectively. The report presents those observations for further systematic study. The cost benefit advantage of the method and its relevance to the need for more frequent use in developing countries is illustrated Key words: maintenance ECT, non-depressive psychoses, short-term use, post-ECT-M drug therapy, economic advantage.