jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Different Surgeries of Cholecystectomy: A Historical Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

First cholecystectomy was performed by Carl Langenbuch in June 1882. Langenbuch’s open cholecystectomy remained the gold standard for symptomatic cholelithiasis for over a century and even still being performed in many areas. In view of the emerging trend towards minimal invasive surgery, the evolution of laparoscopic surgery started in 1982 and the first laparoscopic surgery was appendectomy in 1982. As a bridge between traditional laparoscopic surgery and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery, the recent focus has been on the development of Single Incision Laparoscopic Surgery (SILS) to further minimize the invasiveness of laparoscopic surgery by reducing the number of incisions.
Community members' perceptions on social, cultural changes and its implication for educational transformation in a small school district community

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Systemic organisational transformation with broad stakeholder involvement is needed in our educational systems. While involving all stakeholders is crucial for building grass-roots community support and garnering input in order to achieve fundamental transformation in schools, community members are typically the least represented stakeholder group in most change efforts. This article's investigation of the community's involvement in a change effort in the United States reflects how important it is to harness the power of stakeholder ownership and help community members communicate and participate in learning communities. This study specifically examined the impact of community members' involvement in school-based community forums on the change effort at large.
Obesity, food habits and socio-demographic factors among university students in Germany: a cross-sectional study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Obesity represents a growing public health challenge globally, with rising prevalence among university students. Its causes extend beyond diet and exercise, encompassing socioeconomic background, experiences of discrimination, and family education and migration history. This study examined obesity among German university students using data from the 2016 Studitemps survey, which included over 9,960 participants and mirrors key characteristics of national statistics and the largest social study of German students “Sozialerhebung 2016”. Findings reveal that obesity prevalence was higher among male students and increased with age, ranging from 3.4% in the youngest group to 9.8% in those aged 30–34. Students with less-educated parents or with a migration background showed notably higher obesity rates. Additionally, those living alone, relying on student loans, or frequently using food delivery services were more likely to be obese, while those living in shared flats had lower rates. Public and university initiatives should focus on at-risk groups by improving access to shared accommodations, promoting healthier food choices to reduce reliance on delivery services, and addressing cultural challenges faced by students from migrant or lower-education households. In conclusion, this study highlights the complex interplay of socio-demographic and lifestyle factors in obesity among university students.
Individualized experiments for a large introductory organic laboratory class

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIndividualized experiments for a large introductory organic laboratory classM. A. Armour Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 5, 311Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1977Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 May 1977Published inissue 1 May 1977https://doi.org/10.1021/ed054p311RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views61Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (503 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Silyl Triflate Mediated Ring‐Closure and Rearrangement in the Synthesis of Potential Bisfuran‐Containing Intermediates of Aflatoxin Biosynthesis.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Nucleon Decay into Dark Sector

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A sub-GeV dark sector fermion X can have baryon number violating interactions induced by high scale physics, leading to nucleon decay into X + meson and neutron -> X + photon. Such processes can mimic standard search modes containing a neutrino, but have different kinematics and may have escaped detection. If a dark force mediated by a light vector Z_d acts on X, depending on parameters, neutron -> X + Z_d can be important. In typical scenarios, Z_d decays into l^+l^-, where l=e, mu, with order unity branching fraction. Nucleon decay searches can potentially uncover new dark states that are otherwise inaccessible, due to their negligible coupling to ordinary matter or cosmological abundance.
Epithelial barrier dysfunction in ocular allergy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The epithelial barrier is the first line of defense that forms a protective barrier against pathogens, pollutants, and allergens. Epithelial barrier dysfunction has been recently implicated in the development of allergic diseases such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, and rhinitis. However, there is limited knowledge on epithelial barrier dysfunction in ocular allergy (OA). Since the ocular surface is directly exposed to the environment, it is important to understand the role of ocular epithelia and their dysfunction in OA. Impaired epithelial barrier enhances allergen uptake, which lead to activation of immune responses and development of chronic inflammation as seen in allergies. Abnormal expression of tight junction proteins that helps to maintain epithelial integrity has been reported in OA but sufficient data not available in chronic atopic (AKC) and vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), the pathophysiology of which is not just complex, but also the current treatments are not completely effective. This review provides an overview of studies, which indicates the role of barrier dysfunction in OA, and highlights how ocular barrier dysfunction possibly contributes to the disease pathogenesis. The review also explores the potential of ocular epithelial barrier repair strategies as preventive and therapeutic approach.
Cloning and expression of Kas gene related to capsaicin biosynthesis in Capsicum annuum L.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A full length of 3 456 bp Kas(3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase) gene(GenBank accession:HQ229922) was obtained from genomic DNA of Capsicum annuum Yidu-Red by PCR method.This gene consists of eight extrons,encodes 488 amino acids.The molecular weight and pI of the putative protein were 52.2 ku and 8.24,respectively.The putative amino acid sequences shared high identity to Kas gene of other plants.Especially Capsicum chinese,they share about 98% homology.In this study,the expression pattern of Kas gene at different time point after pollination in flesh and placenta was examined by semi-quantity RT-PCR.The mRNA abundance of Kas in placenta was higher than that of flesh.In addition,the Kas expression level decreased 10 d after pollination.Furthermore,the effect of brassinosteroid on this gene expression was investigated.The results showed that the mRNA abundance of Kas gene dramatically increased 6 h after treatment with brassinosteroid and reached a peak after 24 h and then decreased slowly.This results illustrated that brassinosteroid had a positive effect on Kas expression.Accordingly,this study will provide the basis for further studying the expression and regulation mechanism of Kas and its role in the biosynthesis mechanism of capsaicin.
Genetic Parameters of Conilon Coffee Cultivated Under an Irrigation System in the Cerrado

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Coffee beverage quality is determined by a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors, including specific biochemical characteristics. In this context, the present study aimed to estimate the genetic parameters of elite irrigated Conilon coffee genotypes in the Cerrado over two consecutive years based on the biochemical characteristics of the beans, assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The research was conducted at the Embrapa Cerrados experimental field, using the unit’s elite collection. Levels of chlorogenic acid (5-ACQ), caffeine, sucrose, citric acid and trigonelline were analyzed in the raw beans of 18 genotypes harvested in two consecutive years. Data were subjected to analysis of variance in a time-subdivided plot design, considering genotypes as plots and years as subplots, with means grouped by the Scott-Knott test at 5% significance. Results showed significant genetic variability for caffeine, sucrose and trigonelline, while chlorogenic and citric acid levels did not differ significantly among genotypes. A significant genotype × year interaction was observed for caffeine, sucrose, and 5-ACQ. Estimated heritabilities were high for caffeine (85.5%), trigonelline (80.1%), sucrose (62%) and citric acid (60%). Selection gains were positive for sucrose (5.58%), citric acid (10.01%) and trigonelline (8.27%), and negative for caffeine (−6.87%) and 5-ACQ (−0.47%). It is concluded that among the compounds evaluated, caffeine shows the greatest potential for selection, enabling effective gains in raw bean composition, while sucrose and trigonelline present moderate potential for genetic improvement.
A Collaborative Learning Method for Construction Project Delivery Methods

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract A Collaborative Learning Method for Construction Project Delivery MethodsDeveloping the understanding of construction project delivery methods is one of the majorobjectives of Construction Management course. This course has been offered by the author forthe last three academic years at the University ………………… The course is lecture based. Thelecture based course usually leans towards being instructor centered. Recognizing this fact, theauthor has developed different strategies every semester to keep the lecture more interactive andstudent centered. The strategies included from group studies to company interviews and classpresentations. According to the author’s personal experiences, traditional homework assignmentsare not as effective as team based assignments in a lecture based management course.Embedding people’s skills requires team based collaborative exercises. In order to enhancestudents’ learning, rather than having traditional homework assignments, different quizassignments have been designed for the course. This semester, the author has decided to comparethe effectiveness of the team based learning method vs. traditional lecture teaching method whencovering the construction project delivery methods. First, the delivery methods are presented in atraditional lecture. Students are also offered the top companies’ lists of Design-Build,Construction Management at Risk, and Construction Management for Fee type of deliverymethods from Engineering News Record (ENR) during the lecture. Later, they are asked to makea group of five people and investigate those companies’ websites in a detailed manner. They aresupposed to find out the reasons why these companies became the leaders in respective projectdelivery methods. They are asked to come up with their own construction company and developan argument for the audience explaining how their company became one of the leaders inrespective project delivery methods. They are also asked to explain their approach (involvement)from initiation to completion of projects by being specific and giving examples of projects fromdifferent industry segments. During presentations, the instructor guides them on presentationskills as well.The team based, collaborative working approach creates interaction among students, enhancescommunication. They enjoy creating together. The results of the evaluation are expected that inaddition to traditional lecture, the team based work study approach enhances the understandingof the project delivery methods; students get the chance to work in a team environment, learn bycollaborating, and develop leadership skills.
Suspended-core Fabry-Perot temperature sensor interrogation through a dual wavelength Raman fiber laser

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The interrogation of a suspended-core Fabry-Perot interferometric cavity through the illumination of a dual wavelength Raman fiber laser is reported. The proposed scheme is based on the use of a dual wavelength source for the generation of two quadrature phase-shifted signals that allows the recovery of the temperature change. The dual wavelength Raman fiber laser is based on fiber Bragg gratings combined with a virtual mirror. The use of this source allows a passive and accurate interrogation of the temperature variation, while taking advantage of the Rayleigh scattering growth as a virtual mirror in the laser.
Humidity Resistant Hydrogen Sensors: Dual Layer Membrane Inspired by Systematic Review of State of the Art

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Hydrogen sensors are expected to become an essential component of clean energy infrastructure. The US Department of Energy (DOE) has outlined a set of standards that hydrogen sensor technology should meet. However, it is not very clear whether the state of the art meets these requirements. This study sought to evaluate the state of the art regarding one of the major criteria in the DOE standard, humidity resistance. Specifically, it focused on Pd-based electrical sensors, which have great intrinsic potential for reliability and humidity resistance. Through a quantitative literature review, it was found that most unprotected sensors (those without any aspect specifically intended to increase humidity resistance) are not tested at the high humidities and low H2 concentrations in which the DOE is interested. Furthermore, based on the trends in the data which could be found, unprotected sensors do not seem to have the necessary humidity resistance. Further literature search into the limited studies of H2 sensors with added humidity resistance membranes found that although there are some major gains in performance, these devices have also not been tested at the most extreme conditions, which they might be exposed to in service. The later part of the study contains qualitative literature review on the two main existing protection methods, membranes and alloyed sensing surfaces. The merits of these approaches are discussed. In the last chapter, a new, dual layered membrane system is proposed, which could allow for increased humidity resistance and minimal impact on other sensor parameters, while minimizing cost and environmental impact.
Effects of insulin-like growth factor-induced Wharton jelly mesenchymal stem cells toward chondrogenesis in an osteoarthritis model.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The IGF1-induced WJMSCs were capable to enhance chondrogenesis, indicated by increased expression of SOX9 and COL2 and decreased expression of ADAMTS1, ADAMTS5, MMP3, MMP1, and RANKL. These findings can be further used in the osteoarthritis treatment.
Artificial Intelligence-Based effective healthcare prediction system for diabetic patients

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Diabetes, a chronic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels, requires a high degree of care for diabetic patients. Diabetes treatment requires frequent monitoring, medication management, nutritional control and lifestyle changes to prevent complications. Effective diabetes treatment assists diabetic individual's healthier lives by reducing the risk of heart disease, kidney difficulties and visual problems. Healthcare providers are essential in instructing and helping patients as they struggle to manage this disease and preserve their general health. In this study, we proposed the Tabu Search-optimized Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (TS-BiLSTM) model to enhance the predictive accuracy of healthcare systems for diabetic patients. We gathered datasets from the National Institute of Diabetes Diseases from Kaggle open source, which includes glucose, age, BMI, etc. Initially, we applied min-max normalization to preprocess the collected data and utilized Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to extract key features from the preprocessed data. To improve the efficiency of the BiLSTM, we implemented the TS optimization technique. This combination of preprocessing and optimization strategies improves the BiLSTM model's performance and accuracy in evaluating and analyzing data. The result analysis phase is done on various parameters such as accuracy (95.72%), precision (94.5%), recall (89.68%) and F1-score(90.02%). The findings are compared with other existing methods and our suggested TS-BiLSTM approach performed better than different current methodologies.
Factors Affecting Income Distribution Inequality

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Uneven income distribution is a problem that affects many nations throughout the world, including Indonesia, and if it is not remedied right away, the process of economic progress will be slowed. This study examines the relationship between the growth of the agricultural sector, the human development index, the labor force participation rate, and inflation in West Sumatra Province from 2007 to 2022. The Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) of West Sumatra Province provided secondary data that were utilised in this study's quantitative methodology. Multiple linear regression is the technique used, and data processing application analytic tools are used. The results of the regression analysis reveal that while the HDI, TPAK, and inflation variables have a significant and adverse impact on income distribution inequality, the agricultural sector development variables, as measured by agricultural sector GRDP data, have a significant and positive impact. Additionally, the findings of this study demonstrate that, from 2007 to 2022, the agriculture sector development variables of HDI, TPAK, and inflation collectively (simultaneously) have a significant impact on income distribution inequality in West Sumatra Province.
Efficacy of Verapamil Combined with Zinc Oxide for Anal Fissure Management

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Anal fissure are common causes of rectal bleeding; often necessitate effective local medicinal treatments to avoid surgical intervention. This study evaluates the efficacy of a novel combination therapy using verapamil and zinc oxide ointment for the management of chronic anal fissure. Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, reduces sphincter pressure, while zinc oxide promotes healing through its anti-inflammatory properties. Conducted as a prospective randomized controlled trial, 65 patients were divided into three groups: a control group treated with Vaseline, a group treated with 15% verapamil ointment, and a group treated with 15% verapamil ointment and 10% zinc oxide ointment. Over a six-week period, the combination therapy group demonstrated significantly higher healing rates and pain relief compared to the other groups. The results suggest that verapamil combined with zinc oxide is a promising and effective treatment option for chronic anal fissures, with manageable side effects.
Islam and the Retrenchment of Turkish Conservatism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Islamist mobilization in Turkey has evolved into an Islamic conservatism that parallels mainstream Western (especially American) conservatism. After the turn of the century, interpretations of Islam that focus on authority, conformity and national strength have marginalized understandings of Islam that uphold liberties and plurality (“post-Islamism”), just like they have sidelined strict adherence to the scriptures and opposition to secularism (old style Islamism). Moreover, Islamic discourse on social issues has shifted from an emphasis on communal responsibility to a eulogy of individual responsibility. In line with these transformations, old religious foes (Islamists on the one hand and anti-Islamist, conservative Islamic communities such as the Gülen community on the other) have becomes allies.
Confessions and Culture: The Interaction of "Miranda" and Diversity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article sets forth and analyzes the current law on the interaction of MIRANDA and culture. When MIRANDA was decided in 1966, the Supreme Court paid little attention to the cultural background or language abilities of the defendant. Since that time, however, the United States has experienced an immigration explosion. Between 1969 and 1989, more than 12 million individuals have legally immigrated to this country. Moreover, the source of these immigrants has changed significantly. Before 1965, Europe provided the majority of American's immigrants. Since 1965. Asia and Latin American share that distinction. In addition to a language other than English, these immigrants have brought to the United States different culture - their sense of self identification and group identification, engendered by race, ethnicity, religion and language. These cultural attributes have deeply influenced American society and have affected the perceptions of interrogated individuals. As a result of this immigration explosion, courts have been obliged to address the application of MIRANDA to those of different cultures. In interpretation of MIRANDA, courts throughout the United States have confronted such factors as the defendant's cultural heritage, language skills and familiarity with the American criminal justice system. From the definition of custody to the evaluation of a waiver, court have considered whether and how the defendant's cultural history should be factored into the MIRANDA analysis. This article makes clear that, with the newly-populated American society, it is critically important for lawyers, judges and legal scholars to be sensitive to the role that culture and language play in the interpretation of confession law under MIRANDA.