jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF NEW ZEALAND WHITE BUCKS FED DIETS CONTAINING DIFFERENT TYPES OF SILAGE.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study aimed at investigating the effects of feeding mate rabbits on diets containing different types of silage on attainment of puberty at 16 weeks of age and semen quality at 24 weeks of age. A total of 45 NZW male rabbits (6 weeks old) were allotted into 5 similar groups fed 100% complete feed diet (CFO) and was served as control group ((31) as compared to those fed 70% CFD and different types of silage (30%) including carrot roots (62). carrot tops (G3). berseem (G4) and corn (GS) silages. All groups were fed on the tested rations from 5 weeks of age up to 34 weeks of age. At 16 weeks of age (expected age of puberty), results showed insignificant differences in testosterone concentration among the experimental groups, although there was a tendency of higher values in 62 and 65 than those in G3. (34 and G1. On the other hand. the testicular weight showed significantly the highest values in G5 and the lowest values in (33. However, males in the other groups showed moderate testicular weights. On the basis of the histological examination. testis in G4 and GS had more developed testicular findings than that in control and GS. which showed developing testes. However, testes of males in G2 showed moderate findings. At 24 weeks of age (Mature age). bucks in GZ and (35 showed significantly the highest sperm cell concentration. and percentages of mass motility and live spermatozoa as well as the lowest sperm abnormality percentage. However, ejacuiate volume did not differ significantly as affected by dietary treatment groups. Reaction time was significantly the shortest in GS (43 sec) and 62 (42.8 sec), followed by G4 (49.5 sec). while GS and Gt showed significantly the longest reaction time (57.5 and 59.7 sec. respectively). Total number of spermatozoa as well as live. motile and normal spermatozoa per ejaculate was significantly higher in G2, G4 and G5 than those in (31 and GS. Conception rate was higher in Gt. G2. G4 and GS than (33 (100 vs. 60%). in conclusion, the current study indicated the possibility of feeding bucks on diets containing, 30% from each of corn. carrot roots or berseem silage to attained eariy puberty in male rabbits without reversible effects on their semen quality. sexual desire and conception rate at mature stages.
Aerodynamic design methods for transonic wings

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Summary A review is given of current methods in theoretical aerodynamics which are useful in the design of aircraft wings for subsonic and transonic speeds. These are of two basic types: (A) direct methods for calculating the flow over a given wing shape. In the design process, these can be used to obtain a rapid estimate of the effect of a specified change in wing shape. The most practical methods of this type make use of the viscous/inviscid interaction technique; some recent methods are described and examples are given of their use, both in two and three dimensions, including comparisons with experiment. (B) inverse methods in which the shape is calculated explicitly, as a result of either (a) specifying the surface pressure distribution on the wing, or (b) requiring that some suitable ‘target’ function, usually the drag/lift ratio, shall be a minimum. At present, these methods are restricted to inviscid flow. Several examples of both ‘pressure’ and ‘optimisation’ methods are discussed, and their advantages and limitations considered.
Optimization of Peptides That Target Human Thymidylate Synthase to Inhibit Ovarian Cancer Cell Growth

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a target for pemetrexed and the prodrug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) that inhibit the protein by binding at its active site. Prolonged administration of these drugs causes TS overexpression, leading to drug resistance. The peptide lead, LR (LSCQLYQR), allosterically stabilizes the inactive form of the protein and inhibits ovarian cancer (OC) cell growth with stable TS and decreased dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) expression. To improve TS inhibition and the anticancer effect, we have developed 35 peptides by modifying the lead. The d-glutamine-modified peptide displayed the best inhibition of cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant OC cell growth, was more active than LR and 5-FU, and showed a TS/DHFR expression pattern similar to LR. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and molecular dynamics studies provided a molecular-level rationale for the differences in structural preferences and the enzyme inhibitory activities. By combining target inhibition studies and the modulation pattern of associated proteins, this work avenues a concept to develop more specific inhibitors of OC cell growth and drug leads.
From Research to Community Action: An Assessment of Child and Adolescent Hospitalizations

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Population-based data sources describing severe childhood morbidity have been lacking in Virginia. Thus, passage of House Bill 2351 in 1993, which required hospitals to report patient level discharge data, established a mechanism to develop a new population data source. Subsequently, to describe the health status of children, the Virginia Department of Health commissioned a study using these data. The final report, a 189-page document, was distributed to state legislators, public health officials, health care associations, and other interested parties. This article presents key findings from the hospitalization assessment and provides an example of how the results were used to stimulate community action.
In Vivo Two-Photon Fluorescence Imaging of the Activity of the Inflammatory Biomarker LTA4H in a Mouse Pneumonia Model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Severe atmospheric haze caused by industrial pollution has severely affected human health and led to the increasing incidence of cardiopulmonary diseases, including pneumonia. Conventional methods for diagnosis of pneumonia are complicated and tedious, and current clinical imaging techniques might cause organ injuries to some extent. Therefore, an accurate, fast, and intact imaging method must be developed to diagnose pneumonia in the early stages. In this study, we propose a new two-photon fluorescence probe, named as ASPC, for detection of the activity of the inflammatory biomarker LTA4H through specific recognition and cleavage of amides containing the unnatural amino acid l-AspBzl. The activity of LTA4H in the lung tissues of mice was rapidly and accurately monitored for the first time and could be an indicator for diagnosis of pneumonia. The severity of pneumonia in mice caused by haze particulate was determined through imaging the activity of LTA4H as biomarker and confirmed using a commercial ELISA kit of interleukin-1β. This work provides a promising method for clinical detection of pneumonia and for screening specific depressors of LTA4H as potential drug candidates.
Increase in the discharge duration under the action of ion-cyclotron plasma heating in the T-11M tokamak

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Results are presented from experimental and theoretical studies of the heating of a hydrogen plasma with a lithium admixture at the fundamental ion-cyclotron frequency of hydrogen in the T-11M tokamak. It is found experimentally that the action of RF radiation on a hydrogen plasma containing a small amount (less than 4%) of lithium increases the duration of the discharge current pulse. The effect of the increase in the discharge current pulse under the action of RF radiation is simulated numerically.
The Effect of Transverse Tibial Bone Transfer in the Treatment of Diabetic Foot

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To analyse the effectiveness of performing a transverse tibial bone graft in the treatment of patients with diabetic foot. We retrospectively analysed the clinical details of 51 diabetic foot patients in our hospital from February 2023 to February 2024 and divided them into two groups according to the different treatment modalities, in which the control group received open debridement and the treatment group received transverse tibial bone transfer and compared the differences between the two groups. There were large differences in VAS score, Toronto Clinical Symptom Score, quality of life score, internal lumen diameter, blood flow velocity in the affected limb, perfusion volume, vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor and CRP between the two groups after surgery (P < 0.05). Patients with diabetic foot should be treated with transverse tibial bone grafting, which is safer and more effective and can have a significant impact on improving the status of the affected limb, the inflammation and the patient's quality of life.
Video Abstraction Technolgy

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Video abstraction is a concise summary of the video content.Based on the analysis of the video structure and content,it automatically or semiautomatically combines the valuable information collected from the video source in some way.It plays an important role in video analysis and content-based video retrieval.Firstly the state of the art of video abstraction is introduced,then,the conception and classification of this technique are addressed.After that,the relative techniques of key frame and video skims are analyzed.And the evaluation standards of this technique are also discussed.Finally,the authors summarize the existing techniques and identify the areas for future research.
<title>Much ado about nothing: optical distortion lines (phase singularities, zeros, and vortices)</title>

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Often, light can be represented, approximately or exactly, by a complex scalar wave (psi) , smoothly varying in space and/or time. The field (psi) could be a cartesian component of the electromagnetic field or of the vector potential, or one of several scalar potentials appropriate to different circumstances. This meeting has been concerned with the line singularities of the phase of (psi) . Here, I wish to make some general remarks about these lines. Except where stated, all the remarks are independent of the particular wave equation that (psi) satisfies.
Central Maui, Hawaii 2005

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

View of West Maui Mountains looking from the Central Maui isthmus which bridges the 2 separate volcanoes of West Maui and the much younger and higher Haleakala volcano which form the eastern half of the island. This image shows Waikapu Valley to the left, the housing subdivision of Waikapu in the foreground and the housing subdivision of Wailuku Heights to the right at the foothills of West Maui Mountain.
Hb F-Kennestone or α2Gγ2(EF1)77 His → Arg Observed in a Caucasian Baby

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

During our continuing attempts to characterize fetal hemoglobins (Hb F) with abnormal γ chains and abnormality was observed in a Caucasian female newborn which upon further analysis was found to be a His→Arg substitution at position 77 of the Cγ chain.
Geographical mobility: March 1981 to March 1982.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Internal U.S. migration is analyzed by age race sex occupation income education and marital status. Data are estimates derived from the March 1980 Current Population Survey. Comparisons are also made between mobility patterns of persons during the late 1960s as measured using 1970 census data and patterns found in Current Population Survey data for the early 1970s and for 1975-1980. (ANNOTATION)
Acoustic-Gravity Wave Propagation in a Measured Atmosphere

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

An atmosphere is modelled by averaging measurements taken at eight locations for 1968 September 9. The effectiveness of the modelling is evaluated by comparing the atmospheric dispersion properties determined from an experimentally recorded signal resulting from a nuclear explosion on that date and those computed from the model atmosphere. The effects of atmospheric winds are shown to change the dispersion properties. A theoretical barogram is synthesized for a receiver located 7930 km from the source and is compared to the recorded signal for the event. Barograms are synthesized for two different source functions and the source functions are discussed.
Perhexiline maleate toxicity on human liver cell lines.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

When added to the culture medium of human liver cell lines, perhexiline maleate induced formation of numerous myeloid bodies containing unicentric or multicentric smooth membranes within a few days. The nine lysosomal enzyme activities studied, except for beta-galactosidase which decreased, remained unchanged. These results indicate that on cultured human liver cells perhexiline maleate has an effect similar to that described on hepatocytes of some patients treated with this drug and suggest that myeloid body formation is not due to impairment of lysosomal enzyme activities.
Environmental ranking of desalination plants: the case of the Arabian Gulf

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Performance indicators and ranking methods are effective tools for assessing the environmental impact of emerging technologies and comparing the operational efficiencies of different processes. Desalination of seawater, which is vital for solving the water shortage in the Arabian Gulf region, should be assessed due to its adverse environmental impacts on the shallow and closed Gulf basin. The main objective of the current work is to develop and implement an environmental assessment methodology capable of ranking alternative desalination processes and technologies based on their environmental performance. The proposed methodology starts with identification of relevant indicators and uses the relative ranking of desalination plants together with an aggregated environmental index. The assessment approach was tested on selected desalination plants in the Arabian Gulf region. The results showed that the ranking methods are effective in aggregating the influence of individual indicators to produce a numerical value that indicates the rank of studied desalination plants with respect to their environmental impact.
The synthesis of a water soluble complement activating polyacrylic acid-IgG polymer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Polyacrylic acid-IgG polymer (PAA-IgG) activates the classical and alternative pathway of complement as shown by specific Clq-(IgG-PAA) interaction and the generation of C4d, Bb, C3b, C3a and C5a. This water soluble and stable PAA-IgG polymer represents a model substance for the study of humoral and cellular inflammatory mechanisms, mediated by the complement system.
Cross-Modal Self-Attention Distillation for Prostate Cancer Segmentation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Automatic segmentation of the prostate cancer from the multi-modal magnetic resonance images is of critical importance for the initial staging and prognosis of patients. However, how to use the multi-modal image features more efficiently is still a challenging problem in the field of medical image segmentation. In this paper, we develop a cross-modal self-attention distillation network by fully exploiting the encoded information of the intermediate layers from different modalities, and the extracted attention maps of different modalities enable the model to transfer the significant spatial information with more details. Moreover, a novel spatial correlated feature fusion module is further employed for learning more complementary correlation and non-linear information of different modality images. We evaluate our model in five-fold cross-validation on 358 MRI with biopsy confirmed. Extensive experiment results demonstrate that our proposed network achieves state-of-the-art performance.
Bangladesh will press on with plan for refugee island

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Subject Bangladesh's scheme to relocate Rohingya refugees to an island. Significance A state minister last month said that Bangladesh was in no hurry to transfer some 100,000 Rohingya refugees to Bhasan Char, an uninhabited island in the Bay of Bengal. The relocation had been scheduled to begin this month. No new time frame has been suggested. Impacts Dhaka-Naypyidaw relations will come under further strain as the refugee crisis continues. Bangladesh may receive more Rohingya deported from India and countries in the Middle East. Growing numbers of Rohingya refugees will try to procure forged Bangladeshi passports.
Machine Learning Techniques in Agricultural Flood Assessment and Monitoring Using Earth Observation and Hydromorphological Analysis

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Climate change could exacerbate floods on agricultural plains by increasing the frequency of extreme and adverse meteorological events. Flood extent maps could be a valuable source of information for agricultural land decision makers, risk management and emergency planning. We propose a method that combines various types of data and processing techniques in order to achieve accurate flood extent maps. The application aims to find the percentage of agricultural land that is covered by the floods through an automatic map estimation methodology based on the freely available Sentinel-2 (S2) satellite images and machine learning techniques.
Russian soft power as a result of FIFA 2018

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Most analysts have asserted that Russia's recent hosting of SMEs-in particular, the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics and the 2018 FIFA World Cup-are part of a coordinated attempt to gain "soft power" by that country. This chapter examines those claims through the lens of the infrastructure developed in Russia for the accumulation of soft power. Ultimately, the long-term impact of the sporting events such as that brought about through infrastructure development will be most significant in changing Russia's place on the world stage. How successfully did such events leave behind a sporting infrastructure which could be used to develop Russian soft power? How well did the events themselves project Russian sporting diplomacy? I argue that the events were ultimately successful in promoting diplomacy and boosting soft power, despite the threat of boycotts from the United Kingdom and United States.
The Determinants of Loan Contracts to Business Firms

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper deals with loan contracting from a private bank in Vietnam. We focus on the main loan contract features that the bank uses in lending to business firms, namely loan maturity, collateral and loan interest rate. Based upon the simultaneous equation model of Dennis et al. (2000) and the bank’s loan contracting policies, we examine the possible interdependency of the three different loan contract terms. Also, we try to determine which firm characteristics and exogenous factors are relevant for loan contracts. We find strong interdependencies between these contract terms with significant bi-directional relationships between collateral and loan maturity, loan rate and loan maturity, and a uni-directional relationship between loan rate and collateral. The conflicting signs within the collateral–loan maturity relationship and the loan interest rate–loan maturity relationship can be explained by our hypothesis that the choice for a certain loan maturity is primarily determined by borrowers’ behaviors, whereas the loan rate and the collateral requirements are primarily determined by banks policies. In addition, our results support the relevance of firm quality, agency costs of debt and relationship lending in loan contract design.
Stepwise Nanopore Evolution in One-Dimensional Nanostructures

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We report that established simple lithium (Li) ion battery cycles can be used to produce nanopores inside various useful one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures such as zinc oxide, silicon, and silver nanowires. Moreover, porosities of these 1D nanomaterials can be controlled in a stepwise manner by the number of Li-battery cycles. Subsequent pore characterization at the end of each cycle allows us to obtain detailed snapshots of the distinct pore evolution properties in each material due to their different atomic diffusion rates and types of chemical bonds. Also, this stepwise characterization led us to the first observation of pore size increases during cycling, which can be interpreted as a similar phenomenon to Ostwald ripening in analogous nanoparticle cases. Finally, we take advantage of the unique combination of nanoporosity and 1D materials and demonstrate nanoporous silicon nanowires (poSiNWs) as excellent supercapacitor (SC) electrodes in high power operations compared to existing devices with activated carbon.
Concurrent and Longitudinal Assessment of Risk for Alcohol Use among Seventh Graders

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examined the relationship between risk factors and alcohol use among seventh graders concurrently and over a 15-month period. Subjects were classified as abstainers, experimenters and users based on a quantity-frequency index of usage. A discriminant analysis predicting alcohol usage using concurrent risk factors generated two functions. The first was composed of measures associated with deviance and peer-related measures. Family-related risk factors and grade average comprised the second function. These functions correctly classified 68% of subjects. A second analysis used Time 1 risk factors to predict alcohol usage 15 months later. The first function was composed of factors related to deviance, family factors, and peer approval. Only peer use loaded on the second function. These functions were able to correctly classify 58% of subjects. Results are discussed in terms of implications of these findings for use in targeting prevention programs relative to adolescents' risk level, and the relative importance of various risk factors.
JAK2 variations and functions in lung adenocarcinoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Lung cancer ranks as the first most common cancer and the first leading cause of cancer-related death in China and worldwide. Due to the difficulty in early diagnosis and the onset of cancer metastasis, the 5-year survival rate of lung cancer remains low. JAK2 has emerged as pivotal participant in biological processes, often dysregulated in a range of cancers. Recently our study found that JAK2 might play an important role in lung cancer pathogenesis. While our understanding of JAK2 in the onset and progression of lung cancer is still in its infancy, there is no doubt that understanding the variations and functions of JAK2 will certainly secure strong biomarkers and improve treatment options for lung cancer patients. The expression level of JAK2 mRNA was assayed using RT-PCR. JAK2 mutations and amplification were detected using next-generation sequencing (NGS). The shRNA and overexpression plasmids of JAK2 were conducted. MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl-tetrazoliumbromide) assay, Trans-well migration and Matrigel invasion assay were conducted to study the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of lung adenocarcinoma cells independently. We found that JAK2 mRNA was up-regulated in lung adenocarcinoma tissues when compared with their adjacent non-tumor tissues, and was associated with lymph node metastasis ( p < 0.05). JAK2 V617F and N30S mutations and JAK2 amplification were detected by NGS in plasmid samples in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Downregulation of JAK2 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Moreover, overexpression of JAK2 induced the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of A549 cells. Thus, the up-regulation, mutation and amplification of JAK2 detected in lung adenocarcinoma may participate in lung cancer progression by regulating cancer cells' proliferation, migration and invasion.