jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
How the CSE-CIC-IDS2018 Dataset is Related to the MITRE Matrix

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this article we provide an overview of the main tactics for developing network attacks according to the MITRE ATT&CK (Adversarial Tactics, Techniques & Common Knowledge) matrix. MITRE ATT&CK combines four groups of matrices: PRE-ATT&CK, Enterprise, Mobile, and ATT&CK for ICS (Industrial Control Systems). The matrix is constantly updated and at the moment of analysis includes 191 techniques and 386 attack sub-techniques for Windows, Linux and Mac OS. The MITRE ATT&CK matrix is structured into 14 tactics, ranging from initial access to control taking and data theft. The work provides a brief overview of existing classes of network attacks, and their classification is presented. The characteristics and features of modern datasets used in setting up intrusion detection systems (IDS) are reviewed. Attack classes of intrusion detection system implemented based on the CSE-CIC-IDS2018 dataset and MITRE ATT&CK network attack development tactics are compared
ISOENZYMES OF POLYPHENOL OXIDASE FROM HIGH L‐DOPA CONTAINING VELVET BEAN

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The seeds, leaves, and stem of velvet bean ( Stizolobium aterrimum ) contained high concentrations of L‐DOPA and polyphenol oxidase. Polyacrylamide‐gel electrophoresis revealed three polyphenol oxidase isoenzymes in the seeds of velvet bean, two in the leaves and stem. All isoenzymes were active with o‐diphenols such as catechol, caffeic acid, d‐catechin and L‐DOPA. L‐Tyrosine was not active to the isoenzymes. Polyphenol oxidase semipurified by ammonium sulfate fractionation exhibits a smaller Km for L‐DOPA than other substrates.
Political stance of Libyan tribes during the Civil War (2019–2020)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this article, the author analyzes one of the most difficult problems in the Arab region, the civil war in Libya after the overthrow of Colonel Muammar Gaddafi in 2011. The author focuses on the fresh round of the escalation of the conflict (2019–20) between the eastern and western centers of power. The paper presents the importance of the political positions of Libyan tribes in the course of hostilities and their impact on the internal situation. The key issue of the study considered in the article directly concerns the political positions of the main clans within Libya. The author explains why some of the clans decided to participate in the military campaign on the side of the Libyan National Army, while the other defended the Government of National Accord; there were also those who adopted the position of non-interference in national affairs, since they sought to maintain autonomy. The main purpose of this work is to demonstrate the specifics of the Libyan problem, which is not only the desire of Tripolitania, Cyrenaica and Fezzan for their autonomous existence but also the internal contradictions between different tribes. It remains one of the most important factors hindering the unification of the country. After analyzing the publications in the modern Arabic-language press, the author offered her vision of the reasons for the ongoing armed confrontation in Libya and also presented and analyzed the full range of political positions and the role of the main Libyan tribes during the civil conflict, especially its latest round, which gives an idea of the complexity of the internal situation in Libya. The conclusion indicates the main reasons why Libya as a country cannot currently be a single and whole entity. The problem lies mainly in the complex ethnic and tribal situation as well as in the desire of individual tribes for an autonomous existence.
Incidence and timing of hypotension after transcervical carotid artery stenting: Correlation with postoperative complications

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives To assess the incidence and timing of hypotension after carotid artery stenting (CAS) and its correlation with postoperative complications. Background CAS‐associated postoperative hypotension has been linked to surgical morbidity and mortality, especially to stroke and cardiac complications. Methods Ninety‐seven consecutive patients undergoing transcervical CAS were monitored for at least 12 hr after operation. Hypotension was defined as systolic blood pressure < 90 mm Hg. Patients were divided into three groups: normal blood pressure and early (≤6 hr) and late (>6 hr) hypotension. Complications were recorded. Results Hypotension occurred in 34% of the patients (early hypotension in 63% of them). Hypotension was recorded in 21.6% of patients during surgery and in 21.6%, 15.5%, and 1.0% at 6, 12, and 24 hr postoperatively. Bradycardia occurred in 26.8% during operation and in 25.8%, 13.4%, and 10.3% at 6, 12, and 24 hr after surgery. Intraoperative bradycardia ( P = 0.01) and hypotension ( P = 0.02) were predictors of postoperative hypotension. The overall rate of complications was 5% without differences between the study groups. The mean length of stay was 3, 3.6, and 2.8 days in the normotensive, early hypotension, and late hypotension groups, respectively. Conclusions Most postoperative hypotension episodes occurred within the first 6 hr, and more than one‐third between the 6 and 12 hr post‐procedure. All patients with late hypotension were asymptomatic. There was no difference in complications between the study groups. In patients undergoing ambulatory CAS, hemodynamic monitoring in the postoperative period is particularly important during the first 12 hr. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamic 4D CT angiography for detection of macrovascular vasospasm following subarachnoid haemorrhage

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a major contributor for poor neurological outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Even though only 36% of patients with angiographic vasospasm present with clinical features of DCI, angiographic vasospasm remains an important[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]
THE INTERDEPENDENCE OF COMPANY TRAVEL PLANS AND NATIONAL TRANSPORT STRATEGIES

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper describes why Pfizer, individuals, other companies, towns and counties need to develop 'greener' travel for selfish, humanitarian, legislative and economic reasons. It then describes the mechanisms by which the 'greener' travel agenda can be delivered comparing and linking the general elements of green travel plans with city and countrywide strategies. It also outlines the pitfalls that beset best intentions of strategies at local and national levels. The Pfizer strategies are then described including some implementation problems, dependence on other organisations and some results and successes so far. This strategies section deals with parking, public transport provision, cycles and motorcycles, car share system, infrastructure improvements (off-site), on-site access systems and planning, and general enablers and publicity. Finally some conclusions are drawn accentuating the need for the full integration and working together required of all organisations and individuals to deliver the benefits. (A) For the covering abstract see ITRD E107063.
Supplementing Inorganic with Organic Nitrogen Sources Augments Microbial Dynamics favoring Yield in Rice Ecosystem

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Microorganisms play crucial role in the ecosystem building. Their presence or absence in a particular environment are indicative of the web of interactions they undergo to impact the life of other components of the system. The current experiment was undertaken in rice-rice cropping sequence to understand the changes in composition of microorganism as a result of interaction of herbicide and different nutrient sources added to soil under lowland area. The experiment was divided into two simultaneous studies, i.e. field experiment and metagenomic study, to obtain the rice yield and soil microbial dynamics, respectively. Pooled soil samples were collected from rice field with constant herbicide application, i.e. Pyraszosulfuron (pre-emergent) @25g/ha + 2, 4-D (post-emergent @0.5 kg/ha), but with 5 different sources of nutrients, viz, T0- absolute control, T1- 100% N-P2O5-K2O through inorganic fertilizers (recommended dose of 40-20-20 kg/ha)), T2- 75% N through inorganic + 25% N through FYM (P2O5 & K2O recommended doses), T3- 75% N through inorganic + 25% N through vermicompost (P2O5 & K2O recommended doses) and T4- 75% N through inorganic + 25% N through crop residues and bio-fertilizer (P2O5 & K2O recommended doses). Based on the amplicon DNA sequencing approach, it was observed that though there was overall increase in bacterial phyla, viz., Chloroflexi, Actinomycetes, Euryarchaeota, Firmicutes in all the treatments from 0 days after transplanting (DAT) to physiological maturity of plant, where, soil treated with vermicompost (TH3) showed a dramatic increase in the population of Firmicutes. Amongst fungal populations, Actinomycetes increased in all the soils from 0 DAS to physiological maturity, the increase was lowest in soil treated with vermicompost while it was highest in soil having crop residues (T4). The results were concomitant to the biological yield of rice that was observed highest in the soil treated with vermicompost along with inorganic fertilizers. The results could be attributed to the favourable niche provided by vermicompost that resulted in synthesis and release of plant hormones, metabolites and antibiotics by the bacterial population leading to dominance of the bacteria as compared to the other treatments.
Potential Barriers to Mass Media Coverage of Health Issues: Differences Between Public Information Officers and Journalists Regarding Beliefs Central to Professional Behaviors

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study sought to discover differences in beliefs between public information officers (PIOs) and mass media journalists regarding health coverage. In Internet surveys of 2 randomly selected samples of PIO and journalist members of the National Association of Science Writers, respondents (N = 190) indicated levels of agreement/disagreement with 19 belief statements concerning professional practices and mass media coverage of science, health, and technology issues. Statistically significant differences were found between the 2 groups on 10 statements. These differences may help to explain—and to resolve—disparities and disconnects between the 2 regarding agenda-setting and perceived relative importance of health-related issues.
The Nature of Special Injunctions regarding Non-Muslims in Islam: An Analytical Study

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Islam has taught to maintain relations with non-Muslims and pay their dues despite differences of faith. But the Quran also instructs not to have relations with non-Muslims. There can be misunderstandings, so it should keep in mind the circumstances in which these verses were revealed. The concept of jihad in Islam has been distorted by the enemies of Islam. The Qur'an says that no one can force anyone to accept Islam, nor can we declare war on any country just to force him to convert to Islam. The Qur'anic injunctions in this regard are clear. Islam only commands non-alignment with those who abuse Muslims and try to eradicate them. Islam commands non-Muslims to be kind and compassionate towards Muslims in contrast to this attitude. Therefore, it is not correct to call the attitude of the Holy Qur'an towards opponents and enemies as a general attitude towards all non-Muslims, because the Holy Qur'an itself commands the treatment of neutral non-Muslims. This article reviews to keep an eye on the palace and the background of the verses in which it is commanded not to have relations with non-Muslims.
II. Effect of Pathotype of Pathogens and the Use of Infected Straw on the Development of Kresek

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study has been carried to confirm the pathotypes of Kresek inducing isolates of X. oryzae, and its reaction to the test plants when they were inoculated by the use of various methods. Induction of Kresek symptom by 23 isolates which randomly samplified from 123 Kresek areas through the country also were examined. The specificity of Pathotypes I, II, V in causing Kresek and the potenciality of infected rice straw is a first inoculum for Kresek epidemics in nature were tested. Fifteen out of 23 isolates from kresek area belonged to pathotype group I, while the rest of 8 isolates 5 howed group II reaction, and the most of isolates were originated from infected rice plant of Milyang #23. All of five pathotype groups were abled to produce 'Kresek' symptom although they showed some differences in each group of pathotype. The varieties Milyang #21, 22 and 23 were attacked by all isolates of group I, II and V while the Gogyoku group varieties including Yushin produced kresek symptom only by pathotype group II. Infected and dried straw maintained the pathogens during the winter period, and these straw acted as a first inoculum of Kresek disease when the straw were cutted and used as a manure just before transplanting of rice seedling.
Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation Dispersion and Pulsed-Gradient Spin Echo Studies of Biomolecular Solutions and Amphiphilic Liquid Crystals.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Biomolecular solutions and amphiphilic liquid crystals are studied by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Dispersion (NMRD) and Pulsed-Gradient Spin Echo (PGSE) respectively. A random-flight simulation is performed to obtain the obstructing factors for self-diffusion of small molecules in macrofluids. The accuracy of existing mean-field approximations for the obstruction factors is analyzed. The orientational order and the size of the discoidal micelles in the nematic phase of the binary system CsPFO/water is studied by water self-diffusion measurements using the 2H PGSE NMR technique. The results challenge the theoretical predictions based on hard-particle models, and indicate that soft potentials, such as the anisotropic double-layer repulsion, are important. The 2H NMRD technique is used to characterize interactions of DMSO with globular proteins. The importance of specific binding sites for a stable DMSO-protein complex is demonstrated. The observed NMRD for DMSO/lysozyme solution is found to be due to a single DMSO molecule in the active site of the protein. A quantitative analysis yields information about orientational order and residence time of this DMSO molecule. The hydration of six B-DNA dodecamers with A-tracts of variable length and sequence is investigated via the NMRD of the water 2H and 17O resonances. Highly ordered long-lived water molecules are found in the minor groove of the duplex, with an occupancy which is correlated with the width of the groove. An essentially invariant residence time is found for all long-lived water molecules, suggesting that water exchange occurs from an open state with a uniformly wide minor groove. A model-free approach for analyzing stretched dispersion profiles is proposed. The method is validated with the aid of synthetic relaxation data, and is then applied to water 1H NMRD data from solutions of BPTI. It is demonstrated that a widely used empirical dispersion function for stretched NMRDs, known as ”the Cole-Cole expression”, is unphysical and gives qualitatively different results, as compared to the model-free approach, when used in the analysis of the BPTI data.
Biological compatibility of eight tickicides with Beauveria bassiana conidia.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In order to develop novel tickicides,the biological compatibility of Beauveria bassiana conidia with 8 tickicides was evaluated by germination conidial of nutritional liquid and by cultivation on SDAY plate.The 1.25×10-3 g/L angulatin,1.25×10-3 g/L deltamethrin and 1.67×10-2 g/L chlorbenzuron showed high compatibility with B.bassiana conidia,and the rates of germination exceeded 85%.1×107/mL B.bassiana spores resulted in all the ticks be killed(100% fatality).The results indicated that the angulatin,deltamethrin and chlorbenzuron could be used as the new preparatum.The best spore concentration for B.bassiana to control ticks was 1×107/mL.
The sick baby bird

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The sick baby bird is a commonly presented patient at any practice dealing with birds. Frequently presented as emergencies, sick chicks tend to decompensate faster than adult birds, which necessitates a quicker, more targeted approach to diagnosis and treatment. This chapter details the special considerations in practice management, clinical assessment and treatment required by avian paediatric medicine. Case examples: Cockatiel chick with bacterial crop infection; Eclectus Parrot chick with crop fistula; Suspected polyomavirus in hand-reared chicks.
A STUDY ON CAUSES OF CRACKS ON A CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE LINING

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

場所打ちライニング工法を用い,山岳部洪積地盤において新幹線複線断面トンネルの施工を行った.施工の結果,場所打ちライニングコンクリートに,トンネル掘進方向に対し一定の角度を有するクラックが確認された.クラックは流砂を伴わず,設計上許容されるものであったが,クラックとそれに伴う湧水を低減することは,場所打ちライニング工法の適用範囲を広げるために,今後,重要な課題となる.そこで,本研究では,ラーメン構造の八角形リングを掘進方向にばねで接続し,ライニング外周にばねを配置して地盤内の内型枠とライニングコンクリートをモデル化した三次元解析を実施した.さらに解析結果と施工結果を比較して,クラックの発生要因を考察した.
"Purchasing Management Of Business Services In The Contemporary Knowledge Based Economy "

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Over the last years many countries have turned into real service economies.As a result the strategic importance of purchasing services has increased.This article aims to present the complexity of the process of buying services.The article begins with findings from the literature review regarding the increasing importance of services in the contemporary knowledge based economy.Next, we present the specific characteristics of services which make more difficult the process of buying services.Furthermore, the paper presents the findings from three case studies.At the end of the paper we present the conclusions and the recommandations for managers about how they can improve the purchasing management of services.
Clinical Problems in Brain Death Determination and Organ Donation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There are clear guiding principles in the determination of brain death and subsequent discussion about organ donation. In most situations, brain death is straightforward to diagnose, consent is obtained for organ donation, and—for the endlessly waiting recipients—all goes well. But questions can arise, and occasionally physicians encounter problems. Advances in medical practice have also changed the way physicians approach catastrophic neurological illness, and the consequences of therapeutic interventions must be considered. The number of available ancillary tests also has increased over the years, creating difficulties with interpretation when the validity of the tests is insufficiently known. The diagnosis of brain death also may generate moral dilemmas. This chapter seeks to address solutions to common clinical problems in practice.
A Method of Use International Patent Resource in the Study of the Directions of Development of Innovative Technologies (on the Example of GLONASS / GPS)

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper describes a method of use international patent resource in the study of the directions of development of innovative technologies (on the example of GLONASS / GPS). In order that innovations to ensure increased labor productivity and commercial income, it is necessary at the pre-project stage of their creation to conduct system studies in the relevant technological subject area, to identify the general state and direction of innovative technologies development in the world and / or in the territories of individual countries, identify competitors and determine the directions of their activity, to collect information about what technological projects they are working on [1]-[3] To solve such problems, innovative organizations around the world actively use international patent resources, since the patent is the first publication that can indicate a possible marketing plan of competitors, and 70-90% of information contained in patent documents is not published anywhere else.
The Conversion of Ambrosio Gonzales

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Memorialization of Ambrosio Gonzales, a nineteenth-century Methodist convert from New Mexico, has aided in the maintenance and expansion of Latinx Protestantism. Gonzales’s trajectory matters to communal and institutional memories, I argue, because his life was embedded within the very origins of Latinx Protestantism in the Southwest. Moreover, Gonzales became emblematic of Protestantism at a time of westward expansion. Even today, commemorating Gonzales bolsters Latinx Protestant identities and legitimizes missionary efforts. While memorializations of Gonzales have often been symbolic, his life also had long-lasting structural effects on Latinx Protestantism in the West. This article is part of a special issue of Pacific Historical Review, “Religion in the Nineteenth-Century American West.”
Chemical composition, antioxidant activity and toxicity of the essential oil from Clinopodium mexicanum

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Clinopodium mexicanum (CM) has been used by the population as a home remedy for inducing sleep, and as a sedative and analgesic. This study presents the first evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the essential oil (EO) obtained through hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of CM. NaCl, CaCl2, and Tween 20 were used as additives and the yield, chemical composition, and toxicity of the EO were evaluated. The findings revealed that the highest yield of EO was obtained through hydrodistillation without additives, and the additives significantly influenced the antioxidant activity of the EO. The main components of the EO were found to be pulegone and menthone. The toxicity of the EO was determined using the brine shrimp assay, with an LD50 of 32 mg/L. Based on these results, the authors suggest that the Clinopodium mexicanum EO has the potential to serve as a natural antioxidant.
Introduction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Alexander von Humboldt's most enduring invention was probably himself. The proof lies in the fact that so many have for so long wished to 'follow in his footsteps.' Widened and deepened by generations of foot-stepping Humboldtians, Alexander's huellas have become veritable craters, inescapable footprints in the epistemological landscape. Wulf tells her grateful readers toward the end of her meandering, epic biography that she was inspired to write because Humboldt was a 'founding father' to ecologists and writers and because he bridged the arts and sciences. Although the Latin American 'Humboldt cult' has surely resonated with the more well-funded, celebrated, studied and promoted German and Anglo cults, there is more than sufficient reason to suspect that Humboldt's moon over Hispanic America reflects other suns. The cubist portrait or montage that emerges in the pages that follow reflects something of Humboldt's varied reception across the region but in no way exhausts it.