jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Directing Remittances to Education with Soft and Hard Commitments: Evidence from a Lab-in-the-Field Experiment and New Product Take-up among Filipino Migrants in Rome

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper tests how migrants’ willingness to remit changes when given the ability to direct remittances \nto educational purposes using different forms of commitment. Variants of a dictator game in a lab-in-thefield \nexperiment with Filipino migrants in Rome are used to examine remitting behavior under varying \ndegrees of commitment. These range from the soft commitment of simply labeling remittances as being \nfor education, to the hard commitment of having funds directly paid to a school and the student’s educational \nperformance monitored. We find that the introduction of simple labeling for education raises remittances \nby more than 15 percent. Adding the ability to directly send this funding to the school adds only a \nfurther 2.2 percent. We randomly vary the information asymmetry between migrants and their most \nclosely connected household, but find no significant change in the remittance response to these forms \nof commitment as information varies. Behavior in these games is then shown to be predictive of take-up \nof a new financial product called EduPay, designed to allow migrants to directly pay remittances to \nschools in the Philippines. We find this take-up is largely driven by a response to the ability to label \nremittances for education, rather than to the hard commitment feature of directly paying schools.
Comparative activity of human carcinogens and NTP rodent carcinogens in the mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay: an integrative approach to genetic toxicity data assessment.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The mouse bone marrow micronucleus (MN) assay holds a key position in all schemes for detecting potential human carcinogens and mutagens. It was therefore of concern when Shelby et al. reported that only 5 of 25 rodent carcinogens defined by the U.S. NTP were positive in the assay. Further, each of these positive responses was weak and indistinguishable from the 4 positive responses observed among the 24 NTP noncarcinogens tested. To focus these findings, the activity in the MN assay of 26 human carcinogens, 6 reference rodent genotoxins, and the 9 NTP chemicals positive in the MN assay have been displayed in a common format. This involved plotting the minimum positive dose level (expressed as mumole/kilogram) and the maximum fold-increase in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes frequency observed at any dose level. By displaying the high sensitivity of the micronucleus assay to the reference human and rodent genotoxins, this analysis emphasizes the weakness in the MN assay responses given by the NTP carcinogens reported by Shelby et al. This, in turn, poses questions about the intrinsic hazard of this selection of NTP rodent carcinogens. Using fotemustine and vitamin C as models of a toxic and a nontoxic chemical known to be active in the MN assay, this analysis describes a method by which their relative potential human hazard can be distinguished (a synthetic, as opposed to an analytical approach to data assessment). The possibility that some weak responses observed in the MN assay at elevated dose levels may be stress induced is considered.
Breaking Myths: Comparable Outcomes in Lymph Node Analysis Across Surgical Methods

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background/Objectives: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide, making lymph node recovery critical for treatment decisions and prognosis. The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the number of lymph nodes retrieved during laparoscopic and open surgeries remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate whether surgical approach and BMI influence lymph node retrieval in colon cancer surgeries. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 560 patients who underwent colon cancer surgery at a single institution between 2018 and 2023. The average number of lymph nodes retrieved during laparoscopic and open procedures was compared. Distribution analysis using violin plots was performed to assess the pattern of lymph node yield between surgical approaches. Additionally, the impact of BMI on lymph node recovery was assessed. All surgeries were performed by a standardized surgical team using consistent fat clearance techniques. Results: The mean number of lymph nodes retrieved was 15.89 ± 0.84 for laparoscopic surgeries and 15.98 ± 0.50 for open surgeries, with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.9166). The violin plot analysis confirmed overlapping distributions between the two surgical approaches, with no significant difference (p = 0.6270). BMI also showed no significant effect on the number of lymph nodes removed during surgery. The consistency in outcomes was attributed to standardized surgical practices across all cases. Conclusions: Laparoscopic and open surgical approaches yield comparable lymph node recovery in colon cancer surgeries, both in terms of mean values and overall distribution patterns, regardless of patient BMI. These findings emphasize the importance of standardized surgical techniques in ensuring reliable outcomes and suggest that both approaches are equally effective in meeting oncological standards for lymph node retrieval.
Retinitis pigmentosa with iris coloboma due to miR‐204 gene variant in a Chinese family

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose To characterize the phenotype and genotype of a Chinese family with autosomal‐dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RP) accompanied by iris coloboma. Methods The proband, a 34‐year‐old male, was examined with his family by using fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), autofluorescence, and full‐field electroretinography (ffERG). Genetic analyses were conducted through whole‐exome sequencing (WES) to screen for variations. Results Three members of this Chinese family were shown to be bilateral iris coloboma. The male proband and his mother exhibited typical RP feature. The proband's late grandfather had been documented manifestation of iris coloboma. The mode of inheritance was confirmed to be autosomal dominance. Through linkage analysis and WES, a heterozygous variation in the miR‐204 gene (n.37C>T), a noncoding RNA gene, was identified in these three members. Conclusions In this third independent and the first Asian family, the existence of a miR‐204 variant associated with RP accompanied by iris coloboma was confirmed. Our findings reinforce the significance of miR‐204 as an important factor influencing visual function in the retina. When phenotypes like RP accompanied by iris coloboma in an autosomal‐dominant pattern, including in Chinese patients, miR‐204 aberrations should be considered.
The Morphology and Syntax of Topic and Focus: Minimalist inquiries in the Quechua periphery

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This book presents an innovative analysis that relates informational structure, syntax and morphology in Quechua. It provides a minimalist account of the relationship between focus, topic, evidentiality and other left-peripheral features and sentence-internal constituents marked with suffixes that have been previously considered of a pragmatic nature. Intervention effects show that these relationships are also of a syntactic nature. The analysis is extended to morphological markers that appear on polarity sensitive items and wh-words. The book also provides a brief overview of the main characteristics of Quechua syntax as well as additional bibliographical information.
Spain Tries Democracy Again

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Spain Tries Democracy Again Get access Michael Roskin Michael Roskin MICHAEL ROSKIN, assistant professor of political science at Lycoming College and a previous contributor in these pages, is the author of Other Governments of Europe: Sweden, Spain, Italy, Yugoslavia, and East Germany. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Political Science Quarterly, Volume 93, Issue 4, Winter 1978, Pages 629–646, https://doi.org/10.2307/2150107 Published: 15 December 1978
Automatic Detection of Stationary Waves in the Venus Atmosphere Using Deep Generative Models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Various anomaly detection methods utilizing different types of images have recently been proposed. However, anomaly detection in the field of planetary science is still done predominantly by the human eye because explainability is crucial in the physical sciences and most of today's anomaly detection methods based on deep learning cannot offer enough. Moreover, preparing a large number of images required for fully utilizing anomaly detection is not always feasible. In this work, we propose a new framework that automatically detects large bow-shaped structures (stationary waves) appearing on the surface of the Venus clouds by applying a variational auto-encoder (VAE) and attention maps to anomaly detection. We also discuss the advantages of using image augmentation. Experiments show that our approach can achieve higher accuracy than the state-of-the-art methods even when the anomaly images are scarce. On the basis of this finding, we discuss anomaly detection frameworks particularly suited to physical science domains.
Computability theory of generalized functions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The theory of generalized functions is the foundation of the modern theory of partial differential equations (PDE). As computers are playing an ever-larger role in solving PDEs, it is important to know those operations involving generalized functions in analysis and PDE that can be computed on digital computers. In this article, we introduce natural concepts of computability on test functions and generalized functions, as well as computability on Schwartz test functions and tempered distributions. Type-2 Turing machines are used as the machine model [Weihrauch 2000]. It is shown here that differentiation and integration on distributions are computable operators, and various types of Fourier transforms and convolutions are also computable operators. As an application, it is shown that the solution operator of the distributional inhomogeneous three dimensional wave equation is computable.
Polysaccharide B-1459: A new hydrocolloid polyelectrolyte produced from glucose by bacterial fermentation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The exocellular polysaccharide fermented from glucose in good yield by Xanthomonas campestrìs NRRL B-1459, has been characterized. The general aspects of chemical constitution have been established, as well as the physical properties related to practical applicability. This macromolecular polysaccharide is composed of D-mannose, D-glucose, D-glucuronic acid (as the potassium salt), and a small proportion of acetyl groups. It can be produced on an industrial scale and is stable is storage. Analytical fractionation indicates fairly sharp molecular distribution for the native polysaccharide. The polysaccharide forms homogeneous dispersions in water which show plastic rheological properties and viscosity comparable with that of high-grade plant gums. Outstanding characteristics of practical significance are the atypical insensitivity of solution viscosity to salt effects and to heat, especially when salt is present. Solutions of low concentration show a restricted viscosity decrease upon salt addition; those of higher concentrations show substantial increases. Viscosity is enhanced still further by monovalent cations at basic pH and by divalent cations at neutral or slightly basic pH. Salt moderates or eliminates any viscosity decrease due to heat and, in somewhat higher concentrations, it increases the viscosity of heated solutions. Heating or deacetylating Polysaccharide B-1459 causes no impairment of its properties, but actual improvement. The constitutional basis for these unusual properties is discussed.
Contributions of bile acids to gastrointestinal physiology as receptor agonists and modifiers of ion channels

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Bile acids (BAs) are known to be important regulators of intestinal motility and epithelial fluid and electrolyte transport. Over the past two decades, significant advances in identifying and characterizing the receptors, transporters, and ion channels targeted by BAs have led to exciting new insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes. Our appreciation of BAs, their receptors, and BA-modulated ion channels as potential targets for the development of new approaches to treat intestinal motility and transport disorders is increasing. In the current review, we aim to summarize recent advances in our knowledge of the different BA receptors and BA-modulated ion channels present in the gastrointestinal system. We discuss how they regulate motility and epithelial transport, their roles in pathogenesis, and their therapeutic potential in a range of gastrointestinal diseases.
Numerical analysis of flexural behaviour of nautical components in CFRP composite

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, the use of composite materials in the nautical sector has grown significantly due to the demand for lightweight products with high mechanical properties. In particular, Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) represent a valuable choice in sports equipment and structural applications. In this context, the present study focuses on a simplified model for structural analysis of hydrofoil and moth masts realized with composite laminates. A Finite Element Simulation software was employed to investigate the flexural strength of different laminations and reinforcement configurations for cantilever beams subjected to a transversal force. In this way, it was possible to determine which solution guarantees the best mechanical properties with the minimum weight. This study provides a useful tool for the design of mast-like structure and for the optimization of the stacking sequence of CFRP laminates.
A Corpus-based Study of Temporal Signals

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Automatic temporal ordering of events described in discourse has been of great interest in recent years. Event orderings are conveyed in text via va rious linguistic mechanisms including the use of expressions such as "before", "after" or "during" that explicitly assert a temporal relation -- temporal signals. In this paper, we investigate the role of temporal signals in temporal relation extraction and provide a quantitative analysis of these expres sions in the TimeBank annotated corpus.
A Training Needs Assessment Among Managers of Federally Subsidized Housing: Facilitating Support Service Use by Vulnerable Older Tenants

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A mail survey of 248 upstate New York subsidized-housing managers explored the issue of housing-managerfacilitation of support service use among vulnerable older tenants. Data were collected pertinent to manager knowledge or perceived ability to facilitate tenant service access and their experience in doing so during the past year. Major findings were as follows: (a) Manager knowledge across a broad range of 25 health care and social services constituting the Manager Service Knowledge Index (MSKI) was low—62.1% scored zero (not knowledgeable or familiar with gaining access to any support services). (b) Manager-facilitated tenant service use, measured across the same services (Tenant Service Utilization Index [TSUI]), was also low—64.5% scored zero (had not facilitated tenant access to any of the 25 services during the past year). (c) A strong association was found between MSKI and TSUI, r = .89. (d) Nearly half (45.9%) of the managers had no previous support service network training, and of those who had, 79.0% found it not helpful in enhancing their practical skill. (e) Manager's primary criticism of prior training experience was its lack of specificity in matching tenant-assessed needs to available services and the procedures employed to access them. Implications for training, policy, and future research are discussed
Thermal Growth and Performance of Manganese Cobaltite Spinel Protection Layers on Ferritic Stainless Steel SOFC Interconnects

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

To protect solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) from chromium poisoning and improve metallic interconnect stability, manganese cobaltite spinel protection layers with a nominal composition of Mn 1 . 5 Co 1 . 5 O 4 were thermally grown on Crofer22 APU, a ferritic stainless steel. Thermal, electrical, and electrochemical investigations indicated that the spinel protection layers not only significantly decreased the contact area specific resistance (ASR) between a LSF cathode and the stainless steel interconnect, but also inhibited the subscale growth on the stainless steel by acting as a barrier to the inward diffusion of oxygen. A long-term thermal cycling test demonstrated excellent structural and thermomechanical stability of these spinel protection layers, which also acted as a barrier to outward chromium cation diffusion to the interconnect surface. The reduction in the contact ASR and prevention of Cr migration achieved by application of the spinel protection layers on the cathode side of ferritic stainless steel interconnects resulted in improved stability and electrochemical performance of SOFCs.
A Full‐Digital Technique to Mount a Maxillary Arch Scan on a Virtual Articulator

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract Mounting casts accurately on an articulator is a prerequisite for the treatment planning/execution of complex dental cases that require occlusal rehabilitation. A full digital approach to transfer the position of maxillary dentition to a virtual articulator, by using intraoral scans and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) files is presented. This technique offers reduced chairside time and the flexibility of choosing the orientation plane. It can be used in orthognathic surgeries, complex interdisciplinary treatments requiring a CBCT scan with a large field of view, or treatments that already have the head CT or CBCT scans from previous diagnosis/treatment.
Electromyographic assessment of spasmodic dysphonia patients prior to botulinum toxin injection.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Electromyographic (EMG) evidence of inappropriate muscle activity (IMA) in the cricothyroid (CT) and vocalis (V) (thyroarytenoid) muscles was correlated with clinical voice measures in 32 patients with spasmodic dysphonia (SD). Subjective voice rating and quantified fluency and laryngeal diadochokinesis measures were obtained prior to botulinum toxin (Botox) injection into the V muscles. Pre-Botox EMG was performed using a monopolar needle electrode. Each muscle was sequentially examined at rest, during vocal click, scale, sustained "E" at different pitches, and repeated "E" voicings for brief periods. A three point EMG severity scale was used to grade the amount of IMA seen in each muscle. EMG evaluation showed no evidence of lower motor neuron involvement but did reveal IMA in 81.3% of the subjects. There were no significant correlations for the patients between different EMG-based IMA severity scales and the measures of voice quality and sound production. EMG did discriminate between predominantly adductor and abductor SD pattern types, but could not correctly differentiate a mixed SD group. Those patients with adductor SD displayed IMA in the V and CT muscles, while those with abductor SD displayed more IMA in the CT than the V muscles. Sequential EMG assessment of CT and V IMA in SD did not predict clinical severity or outcome following Botox injection into the V muscles.
Application Services Outsourcing in the Banking Industry - Current Strategies and Challenges

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Globalization, raising competition, shrinking client loyalty and recently the impact of the financial crisis leaded to an increasing number of regulations and causes a tremendous loss in clients and the liquidity of banks. The events from the recent past forces IT organization of banks to rethink their strategic direction and thus to alter their outsourcing strategy. Heretofore, only scant scholars address the specific of outsourcing in the banking industry, especially of the application services outsourcing. In order to better understand applied and intended application services outsourcing strategies in the banking industry, we carried out a holistic multiple case study research with five German and Swiss banks. We furthermore reflect these findings in the lights of the organizational and industry specific circumstances and present the major challenges the observed banks are faced to.
Similarity-Based Echo State Network for Remaining Useful Life Prediction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The health state of aero engines will affect economic benefits, availability, and safety of aircrafts. Fault prognosis is considered to be one of useful methods to evaluate the health state of aero engines and avoid unscheduled down time. Prognosis is the ability to forecast the evolution of engine deterioration. The two major objectives of prognosis are: forecasting the impending failures and predicting the engines’ remaining useful life (RUL). This paper proposes a method that combines echo state network (ESN) with similarity-based methods for RUL prediction. First, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to pre-process data to obtain degradation trajectories, which handles the fusion problem of multiple data. Second, in order to use historical information accurately, the Euclidean distance is applied to calculate the similarity among different degradation trajectories. Third, the trajectory with the highest similarity is used in the ESN training process. Then, a numerical simulation on the NASA C-MAPSS dataset verifies the accuracy of the method. Finally, the comparison with other methods shows the superiority of the method.
Use of Corel Photo-Paint for chromosome karyotyping: an inexpensive, semiautomatic approach.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Karyotyping has become an important component of cytogenetic analysis. Both manual and automatic karyotyping procedures are in use all over the world, but both have drawbacks. Manual karyotyping is inexpensive, but highly time-consuming and labor-intensive. Automatic karyotyping, on the other hand, saves time but is expensive and also does not always provide consistent or reliable results. Thus, in order to cope with these problems, a semiautomatic approach for karyotyping was developed. In this technique, a commonly used graphics software program, Corel Photo-Paint, is used for karyotyping. With this technique one can cut, paste, move, rotate, and arrange the chromosomes to form a karyotype. In addition, one can increase the resolution and sharpness of chromosome bands, which facilitates the classification of chromosomes. The comparative advantages of this semiautomatic approach are discussed in detail.
On Income Distribution, Incentive Effects and Optimal Income Taxation

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Journal Article On Income Distribution, Incentive Effects and Optimal Income Taxation Get access Efraim Sadka Efraim Sadka Tel-Aviv University and the University of Wisconsin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of Economic Studies, Volume 43, Issue 2, June 1976, Pages 261–267, https://doi.org/10.2307/2297322 Published: 01 June 1976