jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SV40 Infection in Human Lymphocyte Cell Lines

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The oncogenic DNA virus Simian virus 40 (SV40) was introduced into the human population as an inadvertent contaminant of polio vaccines that were prepared in cultures of primary monkey kidney cells. It is estimated that, as a result, millions of people worldwide were exposed to SV40 between the years 1955-1 963. Research indicates that the virus is still present in the human population today, based on the finding of neutralising antibodies and viral DNA sequences in children and adults. Of concern is that SV40 has also been detected in human tumours including primary brain cancer, malignant mesothelioma, bone tumours and systemic lymphomas. Recent studies have found a significant association of SV40 with certain types of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL). However, the interaction between SV40 and lymphocytes has not yet been fully characterised. In this study, the characteristics of SV40 infections were evaluated in human B and T lymphocyte cell lines. Three strains of SV40 were compared: wild type 776-1E with a single enhancer, 776-2E with a duplicated enhancer and a micro RNA mutant virus, 776-2E-SM. Following infection, cell proliferation and viability, cell surface marker expression, viral large tumour antigen (T-ag) expression, and quantification of viral genomes were measured. The results showed increased B cell proliferation and cell activation as shown by the upregulation of CD69. Downregulation of CD80, a co-stitnulatory molecule, was also observed. T-ag expression was detected in a small percentage of B cells and RQ-PCR analysis showed maintenance of the viral genome in B cells during passage of the cultures. In all, these initial observations indicate that some human B lymphocyte cell lines are susceptible to SV40 infection. Viral maintenance and oncoprotein expression in lymphocytes may bear relevance to SV40 persistence in the host and the detection of the virus in human lymphomas.
African Swine Fever Epidemic in Vietnam: A Scoping Review

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

African swine fever (ASF) has had a devastating impact on Vietnam&rsquo;s swine industry since its emergence in 2019, leading to the culling of six million pigs. This paper aimed to review the epidemiological dynamics of ASF in Vietnam and measures applied to control the disease. ASF progressed through an initial epidemic phase (2019-2020) and has transitioned into a more endemic phase (2021-2024). The disease spread rapidly during the epidemic phase, driven by human-mediated transmission routes and inadequate biosecurity practices, particularly on smallholder farms. To control ASF, the Vietnamese government endorsed a national control plan including biosecurity enhancements, disease surveillance, establishing ASF-free compartments, developing ASF vaccines, and strengthening the capacity of veterinary services. While these measures have helped reduce the number of outbreaks, challenges persist, including the emergence of recombinant ASF strains, limited vaccine adoption, and gaps in veterinary infrastructure. ASF has substantially changed Vietnam&rsquo;s swine industry, shifting toward reducing small-scale household farming and increasing professional households and large-scale farms. As ASF has transitioned into an endemic phase, sustainable strategies focusing on continuous monitoring, improved vaccination coverage, and education programs are essential to mitigate its impacts and ensure the resilience of Vietnam&rsquo;s swine industry.
Gut microbiota shape gene regulatory networks to direct intestinal stem cell differentiation trajectories in Apis mellifera

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Honeybees are key pollinators of flowering plants, and their health is closely associated with gut function. The function is regionally specialized, with nutrient absorption distributed across distinct gut compartments and influenced by the gut microbiota. Here, we constructed a single‐nucleus transcriptomic atlas of the honeybee gut under microbiota‐free and conventional (CV) conditions and uncovered a microbiota‐dependent mechanism regulating intestinal homeostasis. We characterized major intestinal cell types in the honeybee, including intestinal stem cell/enteroblast (ISC/EB), enterocyte (EC), enteroendocrine cell (EE), visceral muscle, and enteric neurons. The cellular data uncovered that regional functional specialization of the intestine is associated with the spatial distribution of EC and EE cell subtypes. Intriguingly, we found that microbiota significantly alter cell composition and gene expression in the ileum, particularly within the ISC/EB population. Relish , a conserved nuclear factor‐ κ B transcription factor in the immune deficiency pathway, was upregulated in the ISC/EB within the ileum of CV bees. The gene regulatory network (GRN) revealed that the Relish regulon is explicitly activated in ISC/EB of CV bees, promoting ISC/EB toward ECs by directly regulating differentiation factors.Our study highlights the cellular and regional complexity of the honeybee gut and demonstrates that region‐specific microbiota may modulate GRN in ISC/EBs, thereby shaping epithelial cell composition and maintaining intestinal homeostasis. This work provides a valuable resource for understanding host–microbiota interactions in honeybees and serves as a reference to study gut function, immune regulation, and bee health at single‐cell resolution.
The state – a natural field for the realization of the “political game”

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article defends the thesis that the modern nation state is a natural environment for the realization of the “political game” in which all elements of the political system are involved. Particularly important in this game are the political regime and the political parties, seen as the “double-faced Janus”. The conditions and stages in which the “political game” passes and which ensure its effective realization are analyzed.
Ranking efficient DMUs using the Tchebycheff norm with fuzzy data in DEA

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In many real applications, the data of production processes cannot be precisely measured. Hence the input and output of Decision Making Units (DMUs) in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) may be imprecise or fuzzy-numbered. In original DEA models, inputs and outputs are measured by exact values on a ratio scale, therefore conventional DEA can't easily measure the performance of DMUs and rank them. The researchers have introduced mane deferent model for ranking DMUs by fuzzy number. In this paper, we proposed a new method by using the Tchebycheff norm for ranking DMUs with fuzzy data. We explain our method by numerical example with the triangular fuzzy number.
A RARE CASE OF A GIANT HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMA OF NECK

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Hemangioendothelioma is a rare variety of vascular soft tissue neoplasm, classified as a borderline tumour with diverse modality of clinical presentation. It is seen mostly at sites like the liver, lungs and bones while very few head and neck cases have been reported. Case Report A rare case of an unusually large tumour mass presenting as an anterolateral neck mass with extensions to right parapharyngeal space, posterior triangle and prevertebral space is presented here. The entire tumour was removed en-masse surgically. Histopathological examination confirmed the mass to be an epitheloid hemangioendothelioma, the enormous size of which in the neck makes it unique and unusual.
&lt;i&gt;Analysis of PDSI and Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Their Links to Streamflow&lt;/i&gt;

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Abstract. This study assesses whether the metrological Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) and a remote sensing drought indicator, the Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), can predict streamflow changes. The region of interest is the four states of Missouri, Iowa, Nebraska, and Kansas (MINK region) using information from 2003 to 2017. Data for each of the 32 climate divisions within the region was evaluated on a monthly basis for the warm season of April through September. Monthly data were then averaged over the warm season to generate annual values. VCI monitors vegetation health which is derived from MODIS satellite data. This index was compared to the in-situ drought indicator PDSI, spatially and temporally. Results show that VCI and PDSI are significantly correlated in all Kansas and western divisions of Nebraska and Missouri. The percentage of discharge anomaly (PDA) was used to compare to PDSI and VCI over the time frame for each climate division. Trend analysis show that PDSI and PDA are slightly increasing (getting wetter) over time for most regions with most relationships being statistically significant. VCI trends followed an annual cycle of low values (less vegetation) in April and high values (more vegetation) in August-September. This leads to a neutral VCI trend for most climate divisions as PDA either increases or decreases. Results suggest that PDSI can reasonably (statistically significant) predict streamflow changes in a majority of divisions particularly in western parts of the region including Kansas, western Nebraska, and a few divisions in Missouri within the MINK region, respectively. VCI also showed significant but weaker correlations with PDA in the same divisions.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-related Myocarditis in Patients With Cancer: an Analysis of International Spontaneous Reporting Systems

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors induced myocarditis presents unique clinical challenges. Here, we assessed post-marketing safety of PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors by mining the real-world data reported in two international pharmacovigilance databases. Methods: We analyzed immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)-associated fatal adverse drug events (ADRs) reports from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) collected from July 1, 2014, to December 31, 2019, and data from EudraVigilance (EV) database accessed on February 29, 2020. Three different data mining methods were used to detect the signal of five fatal toxic effects caused by ICIs. Results: Based on 7613 ICIs-related ADEs reported to the EV database and 5786 ICIs-associated ADEs submitted to the FAERS database, the most frequently reported ADEwasipilimumab-related colitis. For myocarditis, nivolumab-associated myocarditis was the most common. Among the five fatal toxic effects associated with ICIs, the lethality rate of myocarditis was the highest. Elderly patients and male patients were more likely to develop ICIs-related myocarditis.The results of signal detection showed that the risk of avelumab-related myocarditis detected by reporting odds ratio (ROR) method and proportional reporting ratios (PRR) method was the highest, whereas the signal strength of ipilimumab-related myocarditis detected by Bayesian confidence propagation neural networks (BCNPP)method was the strongest. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed the risk of developing myocarditis and other fatal ADRs when using ICIs, which are consistent with the results of previous clinical trials and can provide a reference for clinical workers when using ICIs.
Can chest high-resolution computed tomography findings diagnose pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective: The present study was aimed at retrospectively reviewing high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings in patients with pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis in order to evaluate the frequency of tomographic findings and their distribution in the lung parenchyma. Materials and Methods: Thirteen patients (9 females and 4 males; age, 9 to 59 years; mean age, 34.5 years) were included in the present study. The HRCT images were independently evaluated by two observers whose decisions were made by consensus. The inclusion criterion was the presence of abnormalities typical of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis at HRCT, which precludes lung biopsy. However, in 6 cases lung biopsy was performed. Results: Ground-glass opacities and small parenchymal nodules were the predominant tomographic findings, present in 100% of cases, followed by small subpleural nodules (92.3%), subpleural cysts (84.6%), subpleural linear calcifications (69.2%), crazy-paving pattern (69.2%), fissure nodularity (53.8%), calcification along interlobular septa (46.2%) and dense consolidation (46.2%). Conclusion: As regards distribution of the lesions, there was preferential involvement of the lower third of the lungs. No predominance of distribution in axial and anteroposterior directions was observed.
Traffic Intersection Re-Identification Using Monocular Camera Sensors

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Perception of road structures especially the traffic intersections by visual sensors is an essential task for automated driving. However, compared with intersection detection or visual place recognition, intersection re-identification (intersection re-ID) strongly affects driving behavior decisions with given routes, yet has long been neglected by researchers. This paper strives to explore intersection re-ID by a monocular camera sensor. We propose a Hybrid Double-Level re-identification approach which exploits two branches of Deep Convolutional Neural Network to accomplish multi-task including classification of intersection and its fine attributes, and global localization in topological maps. Furthermore, we propose a mixed loss training for the network to learn the similarity of two intersection images. As no public datasets are available for the intersection re-ID task, based on the work of RobotCar, we propose a new dataset with carefully-labeled intersection attributes, which is called “RobotCar Intersection” and covers more than 30,000 images of eight intersections in different seasons and day time. Additionally, we provide another dataset, called “Campus Intersection” consisting of panoramic images of eight intersections in a university campus to verify our updating strategy of topology map. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed approach can achieve promising results in re-ID of both coarse road intersections and its global pose, and is well suited for updating and completion of topological maps.
Harmonious development of the personality of schoolchildren in modern education system

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper is devoted to the search for mechanisms for the successfulness formation as the basis for the harmonious development of the personality of schoolchildren in modern education system. The modern “Pepsi” generation is apathetic and not resilient in its large part. Young people are less and less eager to succeed in their educational and professional activities, and they are giving up their career and active life in society. Not finding confirmation of their importance in the official group, they seek success in informal associations, often desocial ones. The authors conducted a theoretical review of the latest scientific and practical publications and an empirical study on a sample of ninth-grade students. We selected tools and methods for obtaining information in the form of methods of observation, analysis of the result of educational activities, conversations, and surveys, and used the poorly formalized “unfinished sentences” methodology to study the educational success of adolescents.
Effects of environmental product brand on corporate entrepreneurship technology and environmental competitive advantage

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The occurrence of extreme climate and continuous environmental disasters has various countries in the world realize the urgency of environmental protection and remind the countries of making the best efforts for environmental protection. In the visible future, there is rising and complete environmental awareness, and relevant green systems would become an alternative trade barrier tactic. Aiming at supervisors and employees in high-tech industry in Taiwan as the research objects, total 500 copies of questionnaire are distributed, and 425 valid copies are retrieved, with the retrieval rate 85%. The research results show that 1.Entrepreneurship Technology is an asset for enterprises in high-tech industry and is different from the Entrepreneurship Technology capabilities of other companies that it is the source of the competitive advantage, 2.enterprises in high-tech industry have to consider the possession of Entrepreneurship Technology and increase in relevant Entrepreneurship Technology to conform to the environmental product brand strategies and the requirements for environmental product systems, and 3.the trend of creating environmental competitive advantages of high-tech industry through environmental management would be the critical factor in changing future market. According to the results to propose conclusion, it is expected to help enterprises acquire environmental competitive advantages in the environmental protection wave.
Feasibility Comparison and Analysis of the UNIX Network Environment and the Windows NT Environment for Integration with the Defense Information Infrastructure (DII).

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The history of the Department of Defense (DOD) information system technical infrastructure includes a collection of stovepipe, single purpose systems. Recently, the DOD has developed initiatives to help promote the development of common target architectures to which DOD information systems can migrate, evolve, and interoperate. The DOD's Technical Architecture Framework for Information Managers (TAFIM) provide system developers guidance and methodologies for developing standard architectures. The Defense Information Infrastructure (DII) Common Operating Environment (COE) is a development architecture based on the ideas of TAFIM, and provides a framework for designing and building military information systems. This thesis applies the objectives presented in TAFIM in order to develop an approach for determining which network operating system (NOS) would best facilitate implementations of the DII COE. By first examining the evolution of Navy information systems, and the development of the DII COE, this thesis provides a detailed description of requirements placed on a NOS by a DOD DII COE based information system. These requirements are the used to help understand how TAFIM's objectives apply to NOSs. Two prevalent NOSs, Unix and Windows NT, are evaluated structured on TAFIM's guidance and the requirements of the DII COE. A determination is made based on these guidelines that both NOSs belong in future information systems, for appropriate tasks, based on the DII COE.
A Problem-Based Learning Pathway for Medical Students: Improving the Process Through Action Research

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Problem-based learning (PBL) is student-centred, self-directed and collaborative. In medical education it is based on clinical cases and is widely considered to facilitate the development of key professional competencies. Whilst PBL is extensively employed in medical schools worldwide, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine is one of very few schools that offer it to pre-clinical students as a major pathway of study. We have identified several problems associated with implementation of the programme and attempted to provide solutions with 3 new learning tools. In this study we use action research to evaluate the success of our strategy. Methods: We examined the students’ perception of the effectiveness of case-based formative assessment, case-based “question and answer” workshops, and reviews of annotated examinations as learning tools, using a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. Results: A majority of both first- and second-year students perceived all 3 learning tools to be helpful. In general, the most positive responses were received from second-year students. First-year students evaluated case-based formative assessments more positively when they were about to take examinations. Conclusions: Case-based formative assessments, case-based workshops and reviews of annotated examinations were perceived as helpful learning tools by both first- and second-year medical students in PBL learning pathways. Key words: Case-based learning, Formative assessment, Medical education, Problem-based learning, Self-directed learning
[Spatial distribution characteristics of the prevalence of advanced schistosomiasis and seroprevalence of anti-Schistosoma antibody in Hunan Province in 2020].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There were spatial clusters of the prevalence of advanced schistosomiasis and seroprevalence of anti-Schistosoma antibody in Hunan Province in 2020, which were predominantly located in areas neighboring the Dongting Lake. These clusters should be given a high priority in the schistosomiasis control programs.
RATE CHANGES AFTER UNSCHEDULED OMISSION AND PRESENTATION OF REINFORCEMENT

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Changes in response rate similar to frustration effects were studied in a two‐lever situation. Responding on one lever on a fixed‐interval schedule produced access to water for 5 sec and an exteroceptive stimulus. In the presence of this stimulus, responding on another lever on a fixed‐interval schedule produced access to water for 5 sec and terminated the stimulus. Occasional omission of a previously scheduled reinforcer after responding on the first lever resulted consistently in increases in rate on the second lever during the immediately succeeding interval. In another procedure, occasional presentation of a previously unscheduled reinforcer after responding on the first lever resulted consistently in decreases in rate on the second lever during the immediately succeeding interval. Changes occurred after the first omissions or presentations and were about the same in magnitude as the procedure continued over several sessions. Typically, an increase or decrease in rate was maintained throughout an entire 100‐sec interval. Changes in rate on the second lever of approximately the same magnitude also occurred when rate on the first lever was near‐zero under a schedule that differentially reinforced behavior other than lever pressing.
Enhancing L2 Reading Comprehension with Hypermedia Texts: Student Perceptions

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study extends current research about L2 hypermedia texts by investigating the combined use of audiovisual features including: (a) Contextualized images, (b) roll-over translations, (c) cultural information, (d) audio explanations and (e) comprehension check exercises. Specifically, student perceptions of hypermedia readings compared to traditional print texts are investigated in this study to address theoretical concerns that the combined use of multiple audiovisual annotations might split learners’ attention from their reading comprehension. Additionally, student perceptions of the usefulness of the annotation features afforded by the hypermedia texts were investigated. Data were collected from 70 French language learners across four intermediate and advanced French courses at a large Midwestern research university. Participants in each course were assigned hypermedia readings, each of which being paired with an analogous traditional print reading of the same genre, with a similar word count and reading difficulty level, followed by a format preference survey. Results from data analysis of the format preference surveys showed statistically significant differences for user preference of the hypermedia texts and a user belief that the hypermedia format facilitated reading comprehension with less effort than print readings. Research findings about the reported usefulness of the annotation features are situated within Mayer’s (2005) cognitive theory of multimedia learning. Directions for future research into the optimal design of hypermedia texts are discussed.