jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Magnetostrictive properties of polycrystalline iron cobalt films

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This thesis is concerned with the magnetic properties of magnetostrictive FeCo polycrystalline alloy films produced by RF magnetron sputter deposition. The bulk material is known to have highly magnetostrictive properties, coupled with the possibility of a low anisotropy with the correct thermal treatment to allow ordering. Significant reduction in the anisotropy was found by using post depostional thermal treatment in Ar/H. It has been demonstrated that it is possible to produce FeCo films with magnetostrictive properties similar to those found in the bulk. Detailed examination showed an increased peak in the magnetostriction with composition which had not been previously viewed in the bulk materials. Initial development was also made of a novel co-depositional technique to allow magnetostrictive determination as a function of composition in a single deposition. Development was made of a technique using the Daresbury Synchrotron research facility and the XRD equipment to allow determination of the magnetostriction coefficients of polycrystalline films. This is the first time this has been achieved for thin film materials and provides exciting new possibilities for the future. A critique was made of the optical cantilever technique for determining magnetostriction. Clear consideration has to be made of rotational and frequency effects. A new analytical theory was devised which allowing determination of the cantilever deflection for similar substrate and film thickness. This is essential for development of current trends in nanotechnology. The results were then optimised for use in sensor and actuator devices providing novel results. Finally investigation was made of the possible effects of surfaces on the magnetic properties. The magnetostriction of FeCo/Ag multilayers and Ag embedded in an FeCo matrix are compared. These clearly show the influence of surface and illustrate the importance of considering the technique used to determine the magnetostriction. (author)
2 Parliamentary Institutions in International Polities: What are the Conditions?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Develops a three-staged theory to explain why national governments have created and successively empowered the European Parliament. In a first step, it is argued that attempts by national governments to transfer sovereignty to the EU-level in order to improve the problem-solving capacity of their domestic polities threaten to undermine domestic channels of interest representation and accountability. These challenges are commonly perceived by political elites in the member states as a ‘democratic legitimacy deficit’. In a second step, it is argued that the proposals political elites in different member states advance to alleviate the ‘democratic legitimacy deficit’ vary across and even within member states. In the final step, the chapter inquires how the different concerns about the ‘democratic legitimacy deficit’ affect the interaction among national governments during Treaty amending intergovernmental conferences. For each stage in the development of the theory, the chapter develops a set of hypotheses and observable implications. The hypotheses are subjected to empirical scrutiny in the ensuing chapters.
A method for studying adherence of oral streptococci to solid surfaces

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

abstract — The adherence of different streptococci to test pieces of glass, human enamel and whale dentin carried in the mouth or immersed in saliva or bacterial suspensions was studied by examining the number and frequency of microorganisms which were selectively desorbed by a standardized washing technique. The results obtained from in vivo and in vitro experiments were similar in principle. The proportion of streptococci obtained in the first washing resembled that found in the saliva, but with more vigorous washing the proportion of S. sanguis increased while that of S. salivarius decreased. This illustrates that different microorganisms can attach to solid surfaces with different strengths. The applicability of the method was tested by treating dentin surfaces with fluoride solutions and by incorporating sucrose in the test solution. The fluoride treatment reduced while the sucrose addition increased the number of streptococci which could be removed from the surfaces.
Time-sensitive prognostic performance of an afterload-integrated diastolic index in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a prospective multicentre observational study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives The prognostic significance of an afterload-integrated diastolic index, the ratio of diastolic elastance (Ed) to arterial elastance (Ea) (Ed/Ea=[E/e′]/[0.9×systolic blood pressure]), is valid for 1 year after discharge in older patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We aimed to clarify the association with changes in Ed/Ea from enrolment to 1 year and prognosis thereafter in patients with HFpEF. Setting A prospective, multicentre observational registry of collaborating hospitals in Osaka, Japan. Participants We enrolled 659 patients with HFpEF hospitalised for acute decompensated heart failure (men/women: 296/363). Blood tests and transthoracic echocardiography were performed before discharge and at 1 year after. Primary outcome measures All-cause mortality and/or re-admission for heart failure were evaluated after discharge. Results High Ed/Ea assessed before discharge was a significant prognostic factor during the first, but not the second, year after discharge in all-cause mortality or all-cause mortality and/or re-admission for heart failure. When re-analysis was performed using the value of Ed/Ea at 1 year after discharge, high Ed/Ea was significant for the prognosis during the second year for both end points (p=0.012 and p=0.033, respectively). The poorest mortality during 1‒2 years after enrolment was observed in those who showed a worsening Ed/Ea during the first year associated with larger left ventricular mass index and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. In all-cause mortality and/or re-admission for heart failure, the event rate during 1‒2 years was highest in those with persistently high Ed/Ea even after 1 year. Conclusions Time-sensitive prognostic performance of Ed/Ea, an afterload-integrated diastolic index, was observed in older patients with HFpEF. Trial registration number UMIN000021831.
Utility of the Delta-T Theta Probe for Obtaining Surface Moisture Measurements from Beaches

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Recent studies have employed a new device to measure beach "surface" moisture content, the Delta-T Theta probe. A key weakness of the device for this application is that the sensor length (6.0 cm) exceeds the desirable depth for "surface" measurements in the context of coastal-aeolian processes. This study investigated the reliability of the Delta-T Theta probe when modified to restrict measurement depths to 0.5-1.5 cm. Field investigations were conducted at two beaches in Texas and North Carolina to allow assessment of the influence of different sediment sizes. Results demonstrated that sensor output becomes less sensitive as the sensor length is decreased. However, R2 values reveal very strong relationships between probe output and laboratory-measured moisture content, with virtually all sampling runs exceeding 0.90. Further, although the standard error approximately doubled (from ±1% to ±2%) for the modified versions of the probe, the error remained within the accuracy ranges reported in the literature and did not appear to consistently increase as the sensor length was shortened. Grain size was found to have no consistent influence on sensor performance. Comparisons of multiple runs and multiple probes indicated that it is possible to achieve high levels of repeatability both between runs and between probes, but several instances of significant departures were identified that suggest caution with this application and that other environmental parameters may influence results. © 2011, the Coastal Education & Research Foundation (CERF).
Primary Pleuropulmonary Synovial Sarcoma: A Case

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Primary pleuropulmonary synovial sarcoma is extremely rare. The diagnosis can only be made after having eliminated an extrapleuropulmonary localization in the past and at the time of diagnosis. Our presentation is about a 40-year-old woman having a cough and dyspnea since three weeks ago; imaging had showed a left pleurisy with pleuropulmonary process. Histological study of the biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of pleuropulmonary synovial sarcoma. PET-SCAN had not identified any extrathoracic localization. This tumor is known for its aggressive nature and high risk of metastasis. Its primitive character is retained following a diagnostic procedure of exclusion. Surgical treatment remains the best therapeutic tool when it is technically feasible; otherwise the prognosis is often unfortunate. In this paper, we report a case of primary pleuropulmonary synovial sarcoma. Through this case, we present a rare disease that is often difficult to diagnose.
Twitter corpus of Resource-Scarce Languages for Sentiment Analysis and Multilingual Emoji Prediction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This dataset is created by leveraging the social media platforms such as twitter for developing corpus across multiple languages. The corpus creation methodology is applicable for resource-scarce languages provided the speakers of that particular language are active users on social media platforms. We present an approach to extract social media microblogs such as tweets (Twitter). We created corpus for multilingual sentiment analysis and emoji prediction in Hindi, Bengali and Telugu. Further, we perform and analyze multiple NLP tasks utilizing the corpus to get interesting observations.
Transient Modeling of Large Scale Integrated Refrigeration and Storage Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Recently, next generation techniques and designs were demonstrated using Integrated Refrigeration and Storage (IRAS) for large scale storage of liquid hydrogen at NASA Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida. Zero boil-off, densification, and in-situ liquefaction of hydrogen were achieved at various fill levels inside a custom-built 125,000 liter, horizontal-cylindrical IRAS tank, validating the applicability of the concept for large scale cryo-fluid storage architectures. This paper will discuss a number of transient physics models developed to predict the bulk behavior of large IRAS systems, and the comparison of those models to data gathered during the KSC test campaign. In an attempt to extent their usefulness to future IRAS designs, these models were agnostic with respect to stored fluid, tank size and geometry. Behavior during densification testing was examined at three fill levels, and ultimately the depressurization and bulk temperature trends of the KSC tests were predicted with good accuracy.
Jasmine Tea Attenuates Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Depressive-like Behavior in Rats via the Gut-Brain Axis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The number of depressed people has increased worldwide. Dysfunction of the gut microbiota has been closely related to depression. The mechanism by which jasmine tea ameliorates depression via the brain-gut-microbiome (BGM) axis remains unclear. Here, the effects of jasmine tea on rats with depressive-like symptoms via the gut microbiome were investigated. We first established a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rat model to induce depressive symptoms and measured the changes in depression-related indicators. Simultaneously, the changes in gut microbiota were investigated by 16S rRNA sequencing. Jasmine tea treatment improved depressive-like behaviors and neurotransmitters in CUMS rats. Jasmine tea increased the gut microbiota diversity and richness of depressed rats induced by CUMS. Spearman’s analysis showed correlations between the differential microbiota (Patescibacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Elusimicrobia, and Proteobacteria) and depressive-related indicators (BDNF, GLP-1, and 5-HT in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex). Combined with the correlation analysis of gut microbiota, the result indicated that jasmine tea could attenuate depression in rats via the brain- gut-microbiome axis.
[The investigation of lignans from Sargentodoxa cuneata (Oliv) Rehd et Wils].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A compound was isolated by fractionation of methylene chloride extract of the caulis of Sargentodoxa cuneata (Oliv) Rehd et Wils. On the basis of its melting point, rotational value, and spectroscopic data, it was identified as (+)-dihydroguaiaretic acid. It was shown to have antagonist activity toward platelet activating factor. This is the first evidence for the natural occurrence of an (+) optically active form of dihydroguaiaretic acid.
Aspect-oriented programming with Jiazzi

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present aspect-oriented programming in Jiazzi. Jiazzi enhances Java with separately compiled, externally linked code modules called units. Units can act as effective aspect constructs with the ability to separate crosscutting concern code in a non-invasive and safe way. Unit linking provides a convenient way for programmers to explicitly control the inclusion and configuration of code that implements a concern, while separate compilation of units enhances the independent development and deployment of the concern. The expressiveness of concern separation is enhanced by units in two ways. First, classes can be made open to the addition of new behavior, fields, and methods after they are initially defined, which enables the direct modularization of concerns whose code crosscut object boundaries. Second, the signatures of methods and classes can also be made open to refinement, which permits more aggressive modularization by isolating the naming and calling requirements of a concern implementation.
Improved EMC design of wireless communication modules

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With the rapid development of communication information technology and electronic circuit technology, wireless communication modules combining the two kinds of the technologies, emerges and raises higher and higher requirements for component integration in terms of signal transmission rate, quality and the level of hardware. As a result, there are increasing number and more and more complex electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) problems of printed circuit board (PCB) of wireless communication modules. EMC refers to the capacity of different items of electrical equipment to work together without producing the electromagnetic interference influencing the normal operation of other devices in certain circumstances. How to study EMC of PCB for wireless communication modules through suitable methods is a study problem urgently to be solved. In the thesis, the specific study of EMC problems in PCB of wireless communication module is divided into study and EMC improvement design study because they are multifaceted and universal. In the first part, four models are established from the aspects of hole level, wire level, surface level and layer level of PCB for EMC analysis. Besides, the various factors that may affect the EMC of PCB is accurately analyzed. Some corresponding improvement opinions and suggestions are given, which have clear guiding significance for the EMC design of PCB with high frequency and mixed signals. In the second part, a kind of wireless communication chip CC2530 based on the ZigBee protocol in the market is selected and then a wireless communication module RF2530 is designed by centering on CC2530. Moreover, by combining with the EMC simulation data and conclusions in the former part, EMC improvement scheme is put forward. Besides, the EMC improvement design of RF2530 module is completed. A variety of analysis results of the EMC of RF2530 module before and after the improvement are compared and studied. It is concluded that EMC improvement scheme is practical and effective, and also indirectly proves that the analysis conclusions of EMC in the first part are valid and practicable and provides reference for the EMC analysis of PCB for wireless communication modules in future.
Pear, Early Season Control of Pear Psylla and Pear Rust Mite, 1996

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Mature ‘Bartlett’ trees at the Trevor Nichols Research Complex in Fennville, MI (Pear 1 Block) were sprayed at a rate of 100 gpa with an FMC 1029 airblast sprayer. Trees were arranged in a CR design of single trees replicated 4 times. All materials were applied as indicated in the table on 4 Jun (IC) and 17 Jul (4C, PP Threshold of 0.3 nymphs per leaf). Streptomycin, Benlate, Penncozeb, Rubigan, Captan, and Funginex were applied to all treatments separately. Dates of PP and PRM evaluation were 19 Jun, 2 Jul, 15 Jul, and 8 Aug. At each evaluation, 50 leaves per replicate were picked, brushed in a mite-brushing machine and then examined under a stereo microscope for PRM adults. Twenty-five leaves per replicate were also evaluated under a stereomicroscope for PP nymphs and eggs. Mean data are reported as PRM adults per leaf, and PP nymphs or eggs per leaf. Harvest fruit evaluations were made on 27 Aug by picking 25 fruit randomly from the periphery of the tree from each replicate per treatment. They were examined for sooty mold from PP and PRM russetting. Sooty mold and russetting evaluations were based on visual inspection, with the scoring criteria listed in the table.
ChemInform Abstract: N2S2 Tetradentate Ligands for Soft Cationic Species: Preparation of New Ligands of Potential Interest in Nuclear Medicine.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Validation of a spatial-time concentration gradients estimation by the superposition of sphere sources diffusion fields using the finite element method

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A convectional reaction-diffusion is the main process causing a stable distribution of nutrients in biological objects. Indeed, the boundary problems for PDE are always used to describe this phenomenon. The spatial structure of biological objects is usually complex and non-uniform. Therefore, the creation of a digital phantom where gradients will be estimated becomes an especial procedure taking both a computational time and the resources. Recently, a simplified method of time dependent concentration gradient evaluation has been introduced. It represents the final spatial-time distribution as a superposition of the sphere sources diffusion fields. Using such an approximation, one can avoid preliminary reconstruction of digital mech-objects simulating a biological structure. In the present study the introduced approach is validated using the finite element method (FEM). It was shown that the exactness of coincidence is determined by the reciprocal distance of the sources and the scale of the considered area. The symmetry of a mutual boundary position plays an essential part in a validation conformity. A sphere sources formed field differs from the finite element method estimation on 7% under the most appropriate conditions. Other possible applications of the introduced approach to concentration gradient modelling in biological objects are discussed.
Loss of IRF-4 Exacerbates the CML-Like Phenotype of IRF-8 Knockout Mice.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract IRF-4 and IRF-8 are related interferon regulatory factors that are required for the development and function of myeloid and lymphoid cells. Mice deficient in IRF-8 develop a myeloproliferative disorder with many similarities to human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Our group has shown that in B-lymphocyte development, IRF-4 and 8 function redundantly to control the pre-B to B transition. Though expression of IRF-4 has been demonstrated in myeloid cells, its role in these lineages has not been defined. We hypothesized that, similar to their role in B-cells, IRF-4 and 8 may to some extent function redundantly in myeloid cells. To test this hypothesis, myelopoiesis was analyzed in IRF-4/8 double knockout (DKO) mice. We found that from seven weeks of age, the DKO animals have a more aggressive leukemic phenotype than the IRF-8 KO mice. The white blood cell (WBC) counts of DKO animals were typically in the range of 40,000 to 80,000 cells per microliter, campared to 15,000 to 20,000 for age-matched IRF-8 KO animals. FACS analysis showed that the increased WBCs in the DKO animals was due to a massive expansion of mature granulcytes. The absolute granulocyte counts of DKO animals were typically 7-fold to 10-fold higher than those of IRF-8 KO animals. In addition, histologic preparations showed that by 15 weeks of age the spleens, lymph nodes, and bone marrow of DKO animals were invaded by large numbers of mature granulocytes and pseudo-Gaucher cells, with complete effacement of the normal micro-architecture. Age-matched IRF-8 KO animals showed invasion to a lesser degree, with preservation of many of the normal architectural features. In conclusion, IRF-4 is an important myeloid tumor suppressor, whose loss augments the myeloproliferative disease manifested in IRF-8 deficient mice. This suggests the two transcription factors, similar to their role in B-cell development, function redundantly to control the normal maturation of myeloid-lineage cells.
Challenges to the German theatrical employment system: how long-established institutions respond to globalisation forces

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter draws on the example of the German theatrical employment system to analyse the tensions between national institutions and current external market and internationalisation forces. From an economic perspective, creative industries share certain features – such as the uncertainty of demand, the intrinsic motivation of workers/artists, the infinite variety of products, time pressures in project-based production and the omni-presence of ranking processes (Caves, 2000). Employment arrangements and work organisation in industries producing, for example, films, radio or television programmes, theatre and music are sometimes seen as a model for flexible work in a global and competitive economy. Comparing nations, however, reveals development paths that have led to different institutional environments for creative production such as theatre. Professional theatrical production is marked by project-based teams that bring together craft-oriented talents and professions (including actors, directors, costume designers, lighting designers and stage designers) to produce an output defined as a play or a performance. Despite the common characteristics of theatrical production, language boundaries and varying national roots and traditions have resulted in specific ways of organising theatrical work in different countries. These differences comprise, for example, ways of financing or funding theatrical work, ways in which actors and other theatre workers are educated and trained, and the terms and conditions of employment or work contracts.