jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Storytelling of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Discovery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The discovery of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) dates back to 1958, when the pathologist Donald Teare of the St. George’s Hospital in London performed autopsies in eight cases with asymmetric hypertrophy of the ventricular septum and bizarre disorganization (disarray) at histology, first interpreted as hamartoma. Seven had died suddenly. The cardiac specimens were cut along the long axis, similar to the 2D echo. In the same year, at the National Institute of Health U.S.A., Eugene Braunwald, a hemodynamist, and Andrew Glenn Morrow, a cardiac surgeon, clinically faced a patient with an apparently similar morbid entity, with a systolic murmur and subaortic valve gradient. “Discrete” subaortic stenosis was postulated. However, at surgery, Dr. Morrow observed only hypertrophy and performed myectomy to relieve the obstruction. This first Braunwald–Morrow patient underwent a successful cardiac transplant later at the disease end stage. The same Dr. Morrow was found to be affected by the familial HCM and died suddenly in 1992. The term “functional subaortic stenosis” was used in 1959 and “idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis” in 1960. Years before, in 1957, Lord Brock, a cardiac surgeon at the Guy’s Hospital in London, during alleged aortic valve surgery in extracorporeal circulation, did not find any valvular or discrete subaortic stenoses. In 1980, John F. Goodwin of the Westminster Hospital in London, the head of an international WHO committee, put forward the first classification of heart muscle diseases, introducing the term cardiomyopathy (dilated, hypertrophic, and endomyocardial restrictive). In 1995, the WHO classification was revisited, with the addition of two new entities, namely arrhythmogenic and purely myocardial restrictive, the latter a paradox of a small heart accounting for severe congestive heart failure by ventricular diastolic impairment. A familial occurrence was noticed earlier in HCM and published by Teare and Goodwin in 1960. In 1989–1990, the same family underwent molecular genetics investigation by the Seidman team in Boston, and a missense mutation of the β-cardiac myosin heavy chain in chromosome 14 was found. Thus, 21 years elapsed from HCM gross discovery to molecular discoveries. The same original family was the source of both the gross and genetic explanations of HCM, which is now named sarcomere disease. Restrictive cardiomyopathy, characterized grossly without hypertrophy and histologically by myocardial disarray, was found to also have a sarcomeric genetic mutation, labeled “HCM without hypertrophy”. Sarcomere missense mutations have also been reported in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and non-compaction cardiomyopathy. Moreover, sarcomeric gene defects have been detected in some DNA non-coding regions of HCM patients. The same mutation in the family may express different phenotypes (HCM, DCM, and RCM). Large ischemic scars have been reported by pathologists and are nowadays easily detectable in vivo by cardiac magnetic resonance with gadolinium. The ischemic arrhythmic substrate enhances the risk of sudden death.
Abstract P-278: OUTCOME AND PHYSIOLOGICAL STABILITY AFTER PREHOSPITAL AND EMERGENCY WARD MANAGEMENT IN PEDIATRIC INTENSIVE CARE UNIT ADMISSION IN GUATEMALA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims & Objectives: Determine the outcome based in differences of physiological stability in patienst admitted after management in prehospital or emergency ward. Determine more related findings of delays of treatment and relted with previous ward hospitalization. Methods 286 patients Physiological stabillity evaluation based in PRISM socre are performed since admission, 12 hours and 24 hours. Clincal, laboratory and anthropometric consdirations are used to nutritional assesment. Follow up of physiological variables are recorded and compered with the outcome of the patient admitted of PICU in Hospital General San Juan de DIos in GUatemala City. The approach of the chief complait is based to standard approach, guidelines and protocols accepted in the field. 7/ 2015 – 7/2016 Results Mean Arterial Pressure, Organ Perfussion Pressure, pH, HCO3, Base Deficit were lower in non surviros as the same use of High FiO2 at admission, as the same at 6 hours and in 72 hours changes in heart rate, Central Venous Pressure and mantain HIgher FiO2 are related with poor outcome. The ER procedence is related with higher mortality with statistical difference. PRISM score above 23 points is realted with more predictive mortality. Delays in apoorach and stabilization are realted with poor prognosis. as population the observed and predicted mortalitty stanrized mortality ratio in those patients is > 1. There is no differences based in nutrtional status Conclusions Delays and physiological stability in nourished or malnourished patients are related with higher mortality. Admittance form ER realted with porr recognition in hospital ward are related with mortality in public hospital in Guatemala
A New CULLIN 1 Mutant Has Altered Responses to Hormones and Light in Arabidopsis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Regulated protein degradation contributes to plant development by mediating signaling events in many hormone, light, and developmental pathways. Ubiquitin ligases recognize and ubiquitinate target proteins for subsequent degradation by the 26S proteasome. The multisubunit SCF is the best-studied class of ubiquitin ligases in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, the extent of SCF participation in signaling networks is unclear. SCFs are composed of four subunits: CULLIN 1 (CUL1), ASK, RBX1, and an F-box protein. Null mutations in CUL1 are embryo lethal, limiting insight into the role of CUL1 and SCFs in later stages of development. Here, we describe a viable and fertile weak allele of CUL1, called cul1-6. cul1-6 plants have defects in seedling and adult morphology. In addition to reduced auxin sensitivity, cul1-6 seedlings are hyposensitive to ethylene, red, and blue light conditions. An analysis of protein interactions with the cul1-6 gene product suggests that both RUB (related to ubiquitin) modification and interaction with the SCF regulatory protein CAND1 (cullin associated and neddylation dissociated) are disrupted. These findings suggest that the morphological defects observed in cul1-6 plants are caused by defective SCF complex formation. Characterization of weak cul1 mutants provides insight into the role of SCFs throughout plant growth and development.
Relationship of Universitiesâ€™ Resources and Competencies with the Results of Their Export Activities

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The article presents the results of a study aimed at identifying universitiesâ€™ resources and competencies interrelated with their export activities, and at analyzing these interrelations. To achieve this purpose, the indicators of university activities over a four-year period and the dynamics of their changes are analysed. With the help of panel data analysis methods, the relationships between quantitative indicators characterizing the resources, universitiesâ€™ competencies, and the results of their export activities are estimated. The annual performance indicators of 589 Russian universities are analyzed through four academic years â€“ from the 2013/14 up to the 2016/17. Over the indicated period, 74 % of the universities included in the sample increased the number of foreign students, this growth in most cases being unstable if taken year by year. The universities with positive changes in the number of foreign students show the following resources and competencies: the development of incoming studentsâ€™ international academic mobility; international teaching staff and a high level of their qualifications; partnership with enterprises for organizing student practice; international cooperation in research. The results of the study may be of interest for universities planning to develop the export of educational services and making decisions on the implementation of measures aimed at attracting foreign students. The paper analyzes the performance of universities having the necessary data for four years in open access. For further research, the list of analyzed indicators can be expanded, with the values of indicators considered for a longer period of time.
Predicted community by-product yields by the coculture at a dilution rate of 0.05 days<sup>-1</sup>.

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

<p>The plot shows the yields of acetate, H<sub>2</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, and CH<sub>4</sub> for the entire reactor (per propionate) as a function of the relative biomass ratio of <i>M</i>. <i>hungatei</i> to <i>S</i>. <i>fumaroxidans</i> (X-axis). As in <a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004364#pcbi.1004364.g004" target="_blank">Fig 4</a>, formate could be exchanged in the place of CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>.</p>
Evaluation of the efficacy with hemoperfusion in the critically-type neurotoxicity snakebite

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To evaluate the effect of hemoperfusion in the critically-type neurotoxic poisonous snake bites.Methods 30 patients with severe neurotoxic snake bites risk-based conventional accepted general medical treatment,on the basis with hemoperfusion treatment.Observe the condition changes,wound healing,and the average hospitalization time when the situation.Results Application of hemoperfusion in treatment of patients,no allergic reaction occurs,wound oozing,swelling eased significantly,with an average length of stay shorter than before.Conclusion Critically-type neurotoxicity after snakebite with Hemoperfusion therapy in a timely manner,the incidence of respiratory failure,its small,even in the event of respiratory failure,its efficacy superior to non-treated patients using this technique.In particular,non-specific anti-venom serum for snake bite patients.
On Adjusting for Life’s Confounding

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A wide range of data sources are available to study the epidemiology of mental illness. Community surveys such as Alex Leighton’s Stirling County Study are the gold standard for such data sources, particularly because community surveys cover everyone, not just people seeking treatment. However, as surveys require a lot of resources, other methods are also used, each of which has strengths and weaknesses. For example, medical records contain detailed information, but this can be difficult to extract and the quality may vary. Another source entails administrative data, typically hospital separations, physician billings, ambulatory care visits, and drug databases. While such data require careful analysis with the use of multivariate or propensity score techniques to adjust for potential confounding variables, these data can be invaluable in the study of diseases with multifactorial aetiologies.
Neuron o u,2 g C

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

darz, 2005). Recently, mammalian Par3 was shown to promoteNeural development involves a dynamic interplay between cell autonomous and diffusible extracellular signals that regulate symmetric and asymmetric division of progenitor cells concomitant activation of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamy-cin) (Kim et al., 2010), a downstream effector of growth factor signaling. Growth factor signaling, in particular via the type 1(Johansson et al., 2010). In mammalian neural progenitors, homologs of C. elegans and Drosophila polarity proteins, Igf receptor (Igf1R), mediates powerful, age-dependent effects on the development and maintenance of many organ systemsIgf1R to the apical, ventricular domain of cerebral cortical progenitor cells. We found that the cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF), which contacts this apical domain, has an age-dependent effect on proliferation, much of which is attributable to Igf2, but that CSF contains other signaling activities as well. CSF samples from patients with glioblastomamultiforme show elevated Igf2 and stimulate stem cell proliferation in an Igf2-dependent manner. Together, our findings demon-strate that the apical complex couples intrinsic and extrinsic signaling, enabling progenitors to sense and respond appropriately to diffusible CSF-borne signals distributed widely throughout the brain. The temporal control of CSF composition may have crit-ical relevance to normal development and neuro-pathological conditions.
Revisiting the Renaissance gaze through the eyes of machine learning

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Cultural attractor theory proposes that recurrent psychological biases shape the persistence and transformation of cultural traditions. Portraiture offers a unique test case, embedding perceptual cues that reflect both individual choices and collective conventions. Using automated facial analysis (OpenFace), we examined over 2,000 digitized portraits from Renaissance and post-Renaissance Europe, religious artworks, and Japanese ukiyo-e. Results replicated Morin’s (2013) finding of a Renaissance shift toward direct gaze, but this trend reversed after 1600, suggesting the attractor was not stable. Religious works diverged, becoming more averted, while secular portraits engaged viewers. The left cheek bias was strong in the Renaissance, weakened in later Europe, and remained stable in ukiyo-e. Across analyses, sitter fame—but not gaze—predicted cultural visibility. Our study demonstrates how computational analyses of artworks can recover long-term dynamics of human psychology, offering “cognitive fossils” that illuminate the coevolution of visual culture and social behavior.
Incidence and predictors of postoperative delirium after cytoreduction surgery‐hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Incidence of, and baseline characteristics associated with delirium in patients after cytoreduction surgery‐hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS‐HIPEC), were subject of investigation. Methods The study was conducted among a consecutive series of prospectively included patients who underwent CRS‐HIPEC at the University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands, between February 2006 and January 2015. A chart‐based instrument for delirium during hospitalization was used to identify patients with symptoms of delirium who were not diagnosed by a psychiatrist during admission. Uni‐ and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Results Data of 136 patients were included in the analysis. Median age was 60 years (range: 18‐76) and 50 (37%) patients were male. During hospitalization, 38 (28%) patients were diagnosed with delirium. Factors that differed significantly between the patients with and without delirium by univariate analysis were included in multivariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that after adjustment for age and complications other than delirium, having three or more organs resected and the CRP serum levels were independent predictors for delirium (OR: 3.97; 95% 1.24‐12.76; OR: 1.01; 95% 1‐1.01, respectively). Conclusions This report shows an incidence of 28% of delirium, occurring after CRS‐HIPEC and suggests a role for systemic inflammation in the development of postoperative delirium.
Distant outcomes in patients suffered from COVID-19 with extremely severe lung damage (CT grade 4)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lung damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus over 75% (4th grade by computed tomography data, CT 4 grade) is associated with high rates of acute respiratory distress syndrome development, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and high rate of mortality in hospital. Staying in ICU by itself may increase the risk of death from all causes in long-term. Objective. To assess the long-term outcomes in patients suffered from novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) with total lung damage (CT 4 grade) and to search for factors impacting on outcomes. Material and methods. The outcomes of 341 patients (173 (60.7%) women and 168 (39.3%) men; age median was 63 (53-71) years), who were treated in Filatov City Clinical Hospital №15 regarding 4 grade CT lung damage caused by SARS-CoV-2, were assessed after 6 and 12 months of hospital discharge, in the periods from 04.04.2020 to 01.07.2020, from 01.10.2020 to 22.01.2021 and from 15.06.2021 to 28.08.2021. The data of survived (289) and deceased (52) patients were compared by demographic parameters, comorbid pathology, clinical features of the disease obtained from the medical history in retrospective phase of the study. Results. The proportion of patients equal 84.8% (95% CI 80.5-88.4) were alive at six-month point. After 12 months, 100% of patients were alive. In most cases the mortality occurred during 45 days after hospital discharge (35 cases; 70.0% (95% CI 55.4-82.1)). The factors associated with mortality after 6 months were age, comorbidity and grade of CT at admission to the hospital. Conclusion. The mortality rate after 12 months of hospital discharge was 15.2%. Increase of mortality rate during 45 days after hospital discharge and analysis of death causes demonstrate the need for post-hospital monitoring of patients with 4 grade CT, especially those with risk factors.
A Personalized Approach of Patient–Health Care Provider Communication Regarding Colorectal Cancer Screening Options

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background. Current colorectal cancer screening guidelines by the US Preventive Services Task Force endorse multiple options for average-risk patients and recommend that screening choices should be guided by individual patient preferences. Implementing these recommendations in practice is challenging because they depend on accurate and efficient elicitation and assessment of preferences from patients who are facing a novel task. Objective. To present a methodology for analyzing the sensitivity and stability of a patient’s preferences regarding colorectal cancer screening options and to provide a starting point for a personalized discussion between the patient and the health care provider about the selection of the appropriate screening option. Methods. This research is a secondary analysis of patient preference data collected as part of a previous study. We propose new measures of preference sensitivity and stability that can be used to determine if additional information provided would result in a change to the initially most preferred colorectal cancer screening option. Results. Illustrative results of applying the methodology to the preferences of 2 patients, of different ages, are provided. The results show that different combinations of screening options are viable for each patient and that the health care provider should emphasize different information during the medical decision-making process. Conclusion. Sensitivity and stability analysis can supply health care providers with key topics to focus on when communicating with a patient and the degree of emphasis to place on each of them to accomplish specific goals. The insights provided by the analysis can be used by health care providers to approach communication with patients in a more personalized way, by taking into consideration patients’ preferences before adding their own expertise to the discussion.
Effect of Acupuncture on Lung Cancer-Related Fatigue: Study Protocol for a Multi-center Randomized Controlled Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Fatigue is one of the primary symptoms of lung cancer patients, with a prevalence of 88.0% in cancer survivors, and even higher post resection surgery. Effective fatigue control after lung cancer surgery is important for patient recovery and quality of life. Some studies have shown that acupuncture might be effective in treating cancer-related fatigue, however, randomized controlled trials of suitable sample size are limited. Method/Design This is a multi-center, patient-blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT). A total of 320 eligible patients will be recruited in four centers (Shanghai Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital and LongHua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine) and randomly assigned to either the acupuncture group or the sham acupuncture group in a 1:1ratio. Treatment will be given twice per week for 12 sessions. Treatment will consist of acupoints GV20, GV29, CV12, CV6, CV4, and bilateral LI4, LR3, SP6, ST36. The primary outcome will be assessed using the Chinese version of Brief Fatigue Inventory-Chinese (BFI-C), the secondary outcomes will be measured by European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30), and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD). The primary outcome will be assessed at all main points (baseline, the 3rd week, the 6th week and follow-ups), the secondary outcomes will be assessed at baseline and the 6th week. Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis will be used in this RCT. Discussion This trial protocol provides an example of clinical application for the management of lung cancer-related fatigue using acupuncture treatment. If the acupuncture treatment protocol confirms that acupuncture is an effective and safe option for lung cancer-related fatigue, it can be adopted as a standardized treatment.
AN ANALYSIS OF MARKETING CHANNELS OF LOCAL FOOD IN SCOTLAND

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Local food and its possibilities for addressing sustainable regional growth, food availability, accessibility and affordability has received considerable attention in the discussion on and development of the National Food Policy in Scotland. In terms of methodology, the paper continues the analysis of the local food database for Scotland constructed in Watts et al (2010) by exploring the marketing outlets used by the local food enterprises. This subject is important because it may provide information about the degree of entrepreneurship of the involved firms.
How Much Correction Is Enough?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

From the Twin Cities Spine Center, Minneapolis, MN. The manuscript submitted does not contain information about medical device(s)/drug(s). No funds were received in support of this work. No benefits in any form have been or will be received from a commercial party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this manuscript. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Robert B. Winter, MD, Twin Cities Spine Center, 913 East 26th Street, Suite 600, Minneapolis, MN 55404-4515; E-mail: [email protected]
Simulated corrugated feed horn antenna

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A technique for developing a new type of feed horn with the same radiation characteristics as a metallic corrugated horn is presented. This horn antenna with low back and sidelobe levels can be used as a substitute for a metallic corrugated horn with added advantages of high gain, low cross polarization, low cost, and light weight. The convenience of the photolithographic technique for fabricating simulated corrugated surfaces opens the possibility of the mass production of such horns with simpler methods.< >