jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 455 (2000) 140}147 Recent progress on laser acceleration

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Recently, there has been a great interest in ultrahigh &quot;eld particle acceleration driven by ultraintense laser pulses in plasmas. Although particle acceleration by laser &quot;elds has been proposed since the beginning of the laser evolution, there has been tremendous progress in recent years. The laser-driven particle acceleration concepts are reviewed on the physics mechanism. In particular, the electron acceleration by the laser wake&quot;eld in plasmas is illustrated by recent experimental results. Recent progress on the laser wake&quot;eld accelerators (LWFA) with the plasma waveguiding is presented as
Implementation Phase Safety System for Minimising Construction Project Waste

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The construction sector is a key component of a nation’s gross domestic product, but its inherent nature results in potentially dangerous conditions that affect the safety of all workers on construction projects (CPs). Therefore, the original idea of the research is to determine the relationship between safety system (SS) during the implementation phase (IPh) of CPs and the minimisation of waste (materials, time and cost). Achieving a lean construction work requires suitable planning, safety considerations and waste resource minimisation throughout the project cycle. This research aims to identify and rank the safety factors during the IPh of a CP, which will have positive effects on minimising waste. Information and data were gathered from the existing literature and the structured interviews and questionnaire survey conducted among 111 randomly selected construction companies. Questionnaire results were evaluated using statistical tools, such as hypothesis testing, analysis of variance and linear regression. This research identified and ranked 24 important safety factors with positive effects on minimising waste in CPs during IPh. The seven most important safety factors that should be considered to minimise material, time and cost wastage are as follows: handling, management, external factors, workers, procurement, site condition and appropriate scaffolding for SS. The best linear model was developed on the basis of the importance index of the identified factors. This model can predict the minimisation of waste (materials, time and cost) in CPs by using SS. Thus, the safety criteria and SS should be used during IPh to minimise waste on the basis of the developed model.
Sorptive and Separation Properties of Ultrafiltration Membranes on the Basis of Sulfonate-Containing Polyamide with Respect to Bovine Serum Albumin

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Investigation of sorption of bovine serum albumin in the static mode and in ultrafiltration conditions bymembranes produced from statistic copolymers of aromatic polyamides synthesized by polycondensationof the sodium salt of 4, 4/-diaminodiphenylamine-2-sulfo-acid and m-phenylenediamine in various ratioswith chloroanhydride of isophthalic acid has been carried out. Interconnection has been establishedbetween the charge of protein macromolecules, concentration of fragments containing ionic groups in thearomatic polyamide and sorptive, separation and transport characteristics of membranes on its basis. Ithas been shown that dominant forces that determine membrane/protein interaction in the systems underconsideration are coulomb forces, but the contribution of hydrophobic interactions is also significant. Theresults of mathematical processing of experimental data indicate that there is a good compliance of sorptionisotherms with Langmuir’s model. Depending on the concentration of fragments containing ionic groups inthe polyamide and pH of the solution, the calculated values of maximum sorption in sorbent/sorbate systemsunder consideration vary in the range of 0.028 to 0.338 mg/cm2. Dynamic investigations have shown thatselectivity of the membranes is 85 to 98%. To assess the sorptive activity of the membranes in the courseof ultrafiltration, indicators of sorption and sorptive losses calculated on the basis of the ratio of the changeof mass content of protein in the process of filtration to the initial value have been used. Depending on thematerial used to produce the membrane and pH of the solution being filtered, sorptive losses range from 5to 33%. Their minimum value is observed when pH is higher than the isoelectric point of the protein, i.e. inthe field where protein macromolecules and the surface of the membrane have like charges.
Biological therapy for paediatric IBD: effective but associated with financial and safety issues

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Biological agents are increasingly used as treatment for paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the UK, yet the evidence base is very limited and safety concerns are rising. We aimed to evaluate pattern of usage, effectiveness and safety in the clinical setting using a Scottish national framework. Methods Usage of the biological agents infliximab (IFX), adalimumab (ADA) and natalizumab (NAT) for treatment of paediatric IBD (aged <18 years of age at start of biological therapy) from 1/1/00 to 30/04/10 was collated in a retrospective audit. Treatment was administered by members of the Scottish Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (all regional academic paediatric centres and interested DGHs in Scotland). Results 112 children had 1 or more biological agent administered from a median (range) age of 14.3 (6.6–17.9) years; 50 (45%) were female and 102 (91%) had Crohn's disease (CD), 8 (7%) had ulcerative colitis (UC) and 2 (2%) had inflammatory bowel disease unspecified (IBDU). Twenty-two (20%) had trials of 2 biological agents. 104 children (98 CD) had IFX, with a median (range) of 4 (1–25) infusions and almost all with moderate-severe IBD. 38 entered remission, 34 responded and 32 had no response. 11 of the 46 (24%) proceeding to maintenance IFX required escalation of therapy. 14 (13%) had infusion events with 3 having anaphylaxis and 7 reactions led to discontinuation. 1 child developed a lupus-like reaction requiring prolonged hospitalisation and 1 had severe infection, with no deaths. 19 (18%) proceeded to ADA. 23 children (all CD) had ADA therapy (including 19 after IFX, 2 as first biological and 2 with inflammatory arthritis in whom CD developed while on etanercept), with a median of 20 doses and nearly all with moderate-severe IBD. 11 entered remission, 6 responded and 6 had no response. All proceeded to maintenance and 11 (50%) required escalation of therapy. 13 had pain at injection site and none had reactions leading to discontinuation. 1 child developed leucopaenia and 1 had a severe viral infection, with no deaths. 2 children with CD had NAT, both in a trial, and both proceeded to IFX after the agent was withdrawn. Conclusion Our nationwide ‘real-life’ experience shows that biological agents are effective in moderate-severe paediatric IBD in the clinical setting, but there are significant financial issues (need for dose escalation or multiple biological usage), as well as safety issues.
Characterization of natural and irradiated nails by means of the depolarization metrics

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Mueller polarimetry is applied to study the samples of nails: natural (or reference) and irradiated to 2 Gy ionizing radiation dose. We measure the whole Mueller matrices of the samples as a function of the scattering angle at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. We apply depolarization analysis to measured Mueller matrices by calculating the depolarization metrics [depolarization index, Q(M)-metric, first and second Lorenz indices, Cloude and Lorenz entropy] to quantify separability of the different samples of nails under study based on differences in their Mueller matrix. The results show that nail samples strongly depolarize the output light in backscattering, and irradiation in all cases results in increasing of depolarization. Most sensitive among depolarization metrics are the Lorenz entropy and Q(M)-metric.
Purification-based quantum error mitigation of pair-correlated electron simulations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An important measure of the development of quantum computing platforms has been the simulation of increasingly complex physical systems. Prior to fault-tolerant quantum computing, robust error mitigation strategies are necessary to continue this growth. Here, we study physical simulation within the seniority-zero electron pairing subspace, which affords both a computational stepping stone to a fully correlated model, and an opportunity to validate recently introduced ``purification-based'' error-mitigation strategies. We compare the performance of error mitigation based on doubling quantum resources in time (echo verification) or in space (virtual distillation), on up to $20$ qubits of a superconducting qubit quantum processor. We observe a reduction of error by one to two orders of magnitude below less sophisticated techniques (e.g. post-selection); the gain from error mitigation is seen to increase with the system size. Employing these error mitigation strategies enables the implementation of the largest variational algorithm for a correlated chemistry system to-date. Extrapolating performance from these results allows us to estimate minimum requirements for a beyond-classical simulation of electronic structure. We find that, despite the impressive gains from purification-based error mitigation, significant hardware improvements will be required for classically intractable variational chemistry simulations.
Socioeconomic Status as a Root Cause of Child Malnutrition

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Nutritional problems increase the prevalence of brain disorders and intellectual devel- opment disorders in underweight toddlers by 52%, severe stunting by 6.32%, and severe wasting by 1.22%. The type of qualitative research is related to problems in toddlers who experience nutritional issues. The primary informants were 9 mothers who had malnourished toddlers. Data triangulation involved nutritionists, health cadres, and health center midwives. The research location was in the working area of the Bantul Regency Health Center, Special Region of Yogyakarta. Data were taken by in-depth interviews and home observations. The instruments used were interview guidelines and Healthy Home assessment instruments. Data analysis used thematic analysis. The results obtained 5 themes, including low socio-economic status, health status, parenting style and feeding of toddlers with permissive and unresponsive parenting styles, low maternal education, and poverty resulting in low provision of quality food. Almost all malnourished toddlers experience health problems, and unhealthy housing conditions, and nutrition management carried out by the health center is good.
Strategic flaws of the resource-based model of Russian economy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The author argues that a natural-resource-based economy, relying on boosting the export of oil and gas products, has no good prospects in the future. Stating that it has long been a hindrance to Russia’s transition to a market economy, the author substantiates the need for a shift in selling fuels: from external to domes-tic market.
Low frequency Raman spectra of even .alpha.,.omega.-disubstituted n-alkanes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLow frequency Raman spectra of even .alpha.,.omega.-disubstituted n-alkanesKyriakos Viras, Fotini Viras, Carl Campbell, Terence A. King, and Colin BoothCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 9, 3479–3483Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100346a024https://doi.org/10.1021/j100346a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views124Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
From Jātaka to Vernacular Fiction: Adaptation of the Buddhist Plot of the Two Brothers (Journey beyond the Sea) in Classical Korean Literature

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The present paper focuses on the strategies for adapting the specific Buddhist plot (the story of the two brothers travelling beyond the sea in search of a magical pearl) that has been recounted over the course of centuries in classical Korean literature. The objective of the article is to examine the adaptation of this plot through a comparative analysis of similar narratives, highlighting the distinctive features and changes determined by the various genres and philosophical ideas under the influence of which these texts were written, the purposes of creating these narratives, the target audience, etc. The comparison is based on three texts: Ten Stages of Tathagata Shakya’s Practices (1328), Wǒrin Sǒkpo (1459) and the vernacular fiction Story of Chyǒk Syǒngŭi (19th century). Furthermore, the article lists all relevant previous Buddhist manuscripts containing the plot of interest, provides a brief outline of Korean Buddhist literature tradition, and emphasizes literature as a universal medium connecting Confucian and Buddhist cultures.
Preparation for Medical School and Recruitment of Candidates

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

AT a centennial symposium on education it is pertinent to note that Harrington,1 in his history of the Harvard Medical School, stated that "The newly opened City Hospital was offered to the School in 1864 (School spelled unmistakably with a capital 'S'), as a place of instruction for medical students."Although the ravages of the Civil War had just swept through the land, tranquillity encircled the problem of admission of Harvard medical students. Indeed, a problem can hardly be said to have existed, for the so-called "Statutes of the Medical School" stated with New England simplicity that "Students of Medicine . . .
Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 channel modulates the abuse‐related mechanisms of methamphetamine through interaction with dopamine transporter

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background and Purpose Methamphetamine (METH) use disorder has risen dramatically over the past decade, and there are currently no FDA‐approved medications due, in part, to gaps in our understanding of the pharmacological mechanisms related to METH action in the brain. Experimental Approach Here, we investigated whether transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) mediates each of several METH abuse‐related behaviours in rodents: self‐administration, drug‐primed reinstatement, acquisition of conditioned place preference, and hyperlocomotion. Additionally, METH‐induced molecular (i.e., neurotransmitter and protein) changes in the brain were compared between wild‐type and TRPA1 knock‐out mice. Finally, the relationship between TRPA1 and the dopamine transporter was investigated through immunoprecipitation and dopamine reuptake assays. Key Results TRPA1 antagonism blunted METH self‐administration and drug‐primed reinstatement of METH‐seeking behaviour. Further, development of METH‐induced conditioned place preference and hyperlocomotion were inhibited by TRPA1 antagonist treatment, effects that were not observed in TRPA1 knock‐out mice. Similarly, molecular studies revealed METH‐induced increases in dopamine levels and expression of dopamine system‐related proteins in wild‐type, but not in TRPA1 knock‐out mice. Furthermore, pharmacological blockade of TRPA1 receptors reduced the interaction between TRPA1 and the dopamine transporter, thereby increasing dopamine reuptake activity by the transporter. Conclusion and Implications This study demonstrates that TRPA1 is involved in the abuse‐related behavioural effects of METH, potentially through its modulatory role in METH‐induced activation of dopaminergic neurotransmission. Taken together, these data suggest that TRPA1 may be a novel therapeutic target for treating METH use disorder.
Growth, Nodulation and Mycorrhizal Colonization in Bean Plants Improved by Rhizobial Inoculation with Organic and Chemical Fertilization

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The poor nutrition of organic crops during the early growth stage has frequently resulted in a low productivity. Nutrients from organic fertilizers are not available to crops unless they are mineralized and a low microbial population can further delay the decomposition processes. We hypothesized that increasing microbial population, such as rhizobia in the rhizosphere of the organic crops might offset the problem of low productivity by increasing the rate of mineralization of organic fertilizers. Accordingly, the current study was aimed at evaluating the responses of potted beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cultivar Hoseki) to rhizobial (Rhizobium leguminosarum cv. Phaseoli) inoculation in organically fertilized (OF) and chemically fertilized (CF) normal soils. Inoculation resulted in a significant increase in the pod yield (P < 0.05) with organic fertilizer, yet not with chemical fertilizer. Inoculation did not increase the shoot and root dry masses in the CF plants, yet did increase the shoot dry mass in the OF plants. Inoculation positively influenced nodulation in both the OF and CF plants, and the effect was more pronounced in the OF plants. The Arbuscular Mycorrhizal infection rates and frequency of arbuscule formation were always higher in the OF plants than in the CF plants, and moreover, the inoculation increased AM infectivity in the OF plants but not in the CF plants. The inoculated OF plants had more shoot N and P compared to un-inoculated plants, while the CF plants were unaffected. Interestingly, AM infection rates showed a significant positive correlation to the shoot P or N in the OF plants, yet the relation was not significant in the CF plants, indicating greater dependency of organic plants than the chemical plants on the symbiotic fungi. Therefore, the present results demonstrate importance of rhizobial inocula as a potential biofertilizer in organic farming.
A comparison of two dynamic assessment situations for detecting development language disorder in monolingual and bilingual children

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Bilingual children's language skills are strongly influenced by exposure to each of their languages, among other linguistic, environmental, and cognitive factors. In the speech and language therapy clinic, it is difficult to disentangle developmental language disorders from insufficient exposure. Dynamic assessment, which directly tests the learning potential of children, offers a promising solution for this dilemma. This study compares the clinical potential of two dynamic assessment situations, varying amount of adult mediation (autonomous computer game vs. interactive story reading with graduated cues), as well as item types (nouns, verbs, and inflections in sentences) and linguistic modalities and tasks (comprehension - word picture matching and acceptability judgement, production - free recall and picture naming). Forty-nine French monolingual and French-Portuguese bilingual children with and without developmental language disorder, aged 5;0 to 7;11 years, were include in the final analyses. Using Lasso regressions, we were able to determine which variables best explain the presence of disorder. A combination of all item types and predominantly receptive tasks, mostly from the interactive situation, was retained for very high classification accuracy (up to 100% sensitivity and 96% specificity). Language status showed no influence, which encourages the use of dynamic assessment in the context of speech and language assessment with bilingual children. This study adds to evidence that dynamic assessment is a promising task for identifying bilingual and monolingual children with developmental language disorder, particularly when the situation involves interaction with graduated cues.
Digital avatars as a resource for weight loss

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Avatar based digital triggers are promising tools for initiating weight management. This paper describes the effects of a digital avatar trigger on weight (Study 1) and motivation for weight loss (Study 2) in overweight individuals who were interested in losing weight. Use of a digital avatar to provide particpants with an image of a future self based on projected changes to diet and exercise resulted in ambitious goals and positive change, but a modest degree of weight loss. Timing of exposure to the future-self image and gender were found to influence the degree of weight loss acheived. While digital avatar triggers can effect positive weight management action, a significant gap exists between weight loss goal and weight loss achievements. Individuals need to be adequately resourced to achieve their weight loss goal and targets set need to be realistic and achievable. Consideration also needs to be given to how digital avatar triggers are best utilized to maximise weight loss outcomes.
The Improvement of Housing Affordability by Transportation Savings in the Suburbs of Seoul Metropolitan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study has analyzed the effect of the housing affordability improvement of the residents in the metropolitan areas, applying Transit Supportive Home Loan (TSHL) which extends the loan amount according to the transportation cost saving based on Location Efficiency Mortgage (LEM) System in the USA. The previous studies focused on introducing LEM system to Korea, whereas this study has analyzed TSHL effect for the first time, taking into account the situation in Korea. For analysis, The Transportation Savings (TS) is calculated and Housing Affordability Index (HAI) is drawn by applying increased TS and DTI (Debt to Income), so the improvements of housing purchasing ability is examined by HAI's improvement. As a result, transit commute 1 (having own car) and transit commute 2 (without having own cars) respectively produce the TS of monthly average 36 thousand won and 110 thousand won in comparison with car using commute. Each additional loan (TSHL) amounts to 16.57 million won and 54.07 million won. As the distance is farther and the house price cheaper, the improvement of HAI is more outstanding. City hall area showed the highest improvements of HAI by 9.3% (transit commute 1) and 21.9% (transit commute 2) increase, in comparison with car using commute.