jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An outcome evaluation to measure changes in sexual risk-taking among gay men undergoing substance use disorder treatment.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We conclude that: (1) substantial HIV risk reductions can occur after initiation of treatment for substance use disorder among gay men; (2) risk reductions begin soon after treatment begins; (3) lapses to unsafe sex are common during treatment; (4) continued UAI is most likely among those men who are riskier at intake, who continue to be more sexually active and who are more likely to combine substance use and sexual behavior; (5) AIDS prevention activities conducted at treatment agencies cannot reach all high-risk substance-using gay men.
Harnessing explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) for enhanced geopolymer concrete mix optimization

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Geopolymer concrete (GC) emerges as a sustainable alternative yet faces challenges in achieving optimal resource utilization for strength development. Balancing these aspects is crucial for its large-scale adoption as a sustainable material. The type and dosage of precursors, activator, curing, and mixing conditions influence compressive strength, setting time, and workability. Moreover, multiple experimental trials are required for a desirable geopolymer blend. Even the experimental parameters alone do not meet the design principles concerning sustainable construction. This paper presents a study on the mix design and interpretation of machine learning techniques (MLT) with XAI. To train the model, extensive experimental databases using the shapley additive explanations (SHAP) technique rank input factors that impact the strength aspect. The prediction models' performance was compared using coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE). SHAP interpretations reveal that temperature, Na to Al ratio, and NaOH molarity are the main factors influencing the compressive strength of GC. Further, these parameters were crucial in developing the dense geopolymer matrix. By integrating XAI into the MLT approach, we have also opened new criteria for understanding the complex relationships between geopolymer concrete potential parameters and their compressive strength.
736. Delays in Malaria Recognition and Door to Anti-malarial Time in a South London Hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The prompt recognition and treatment of Plasmodium falciparum is necessary to prevent death. We reviewed data from a cohort of patients presenting with malaria to Kings College Hospital NHS Trust, London. Methods Retrospective review of electronic records and drug charts of patients diagnosed with malaria from Jan 2019- March 2021. Results 109 cases of malaria were identified representing travellers from 11 Sub-Saharan African countries: Nigeria(38%), Sierra Leone(33%), Ivory Coast(10%). The age range varied from 4 to 76 years with a mean of 44, 66% of the cohort was male. 22 cases occurred during the COVID-19 Pandemic. The commonest symptoms were Fever (97%), Headache (92%) and malaise (72%). P. falciparum was present in 99% cases. A travel history was taken in 94% of cases. Malaria was considered by the first clinician in 82% of cases with the second highest differential being a viral illness. In 6 cases, it took 4 to 11 medical reviews before malaria was considered. 29 patients met the UK criteria for severe malaria. Door to antimalarial time varied from 1 to 128 hours, with a median of 7.4 hours. 46% of the cohort received intravenous Artesunate as their first antimalarial. Extreme delays occurred were clinicians did not consider malaria, patients had negative films or a patient did not declare a travel history when asked. 1 patient died of cerebral malaria with a door to needle time of 2hr 3min. Where a reason for delay is documented, drug availability represented the highest cause with mean delay from prescribing antimalarial to giving antimalarial of 2.7 hours. There was no difference in door to antimalarial administration during the COVID-19 Pandemic, but patients did have a delay in presentation to hospital from onset of symptoms, mean 6.2 days pre-pandemic, 10.5 days during pandemic, this was not statistically significant (P= 0.198). 3 patients presenting during the Pandemic had covid-19 swabs prior to admission and 10 had attended primary care services. Number of days between onset of malaria symptoms and presentation to the Emergency Department Box plot demonstrating that patients were waiting longer post symptom onset to access care in the Emergency Department. 3 patients had covid swabs in the community and 10 accessed care through their primary care physician. Conclusion Our data show that malaria is being considered early in the emergency department however there remain significant delays in administration of treatment. In 6 cases where malaria was not considered early there were delays in diagnosis of up to 5 days. An audit cycle will be completed with the aim of reducing door to antimalarial time. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
Cancer-testis antigens: the current status on antigen regulation and potential clinical use.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Immunotherapy is theoretically an attractive therapeutic option for patients with hematological malignancies. Various laboratory studies suggested the importance of the choice of tumor antigen for successful immunotherapy. Cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) are potentially suitable molecules for tumor vaccines of hematological malignancies because of their high immunogenicity in vivo, even in cancer-bearing patients, and their relatively restricted normal tissue distribution. Tumor cell kill using a CTA-based immunotherapy will, therefore, be more specific and associated with less toxicities when compared to chemotherapy. Many CTAs have been identified in various hematologic malignancies. In this review, we will take the readers through the journey of hopes and the disappointments arisen from the discovery of CTAs. We will describe the features of CTAs and their expression in hematologic malignancies. We will also discuss the mechanisms regulating the expression of these CTAs, from a primary regulatory mechanism involving DNA methylation to secondary controls by cytokines. Finally, we will address the potential obstacles that will prevent the successful use of CTAs as targets for tumor immunotherapy.
Pudding Pan: A Roman Shipwreck and its Cargo in Context

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

<p><span >Through contact with national and international institutions and with private collectors, this study has doubled the known assemblage. Analysis of the enhanced assemblage has confirmed the existence of at least three discrete sources of material dating from c AD65-85, c c AD175-195, and from the early third century. As well as confirming that, contrary to popular belief, artefacts continue to be recovered from the site, local fisherman have also provided more accurate locational information for two of the sources which has clarified the long-standing confusion between Pudding Pan and Pan Sand. Detailed analysis of the wear and damage coupled with assessment of the rate at which artefacts have been recovered suggests that the main second century source represents a significant and cohesive buried deposit of plain samian wares. This has serious implications for our current understanding of the trade in pottery which consensus suggests was of too low value to transport in its own right, hence the notion of a parasitic, piggy-back trade. However, this study has shown that supporting evidence from Mediterranean shipwrecks reflects a heavy detection bias in favour of amphora-laden wrecks; pottery cargoes do exist but have only been found on multiple wreck sites during the investigation of other more visible wrecks.</span></p> <p><span >In this light, the Pudding Pan cargo is assessed as one link in the samian supply chain; the recovered assemblage is compared with deposits from similar sites closely associated with the trade in samian wares such as shops, warehouses and dockside dumps. The assemblage is also compared with samian assemblages from probable destination sites in </span><span >Britain</span><span > which reveals that decorated wares appear to have been deliberately excluded in favour of large plain bowls.</span></p>
The types and management of dental trauma during military service in Finland

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background/Aims All Finnish males must attend compulsory military service that lasts from 6 months to 1 year. About 25 000 males (approximately 80% of each age cohort) and 400 volunteer females complete the service annually. The aim of the study was to investigate the types of dental trauma occurring among Finnish conscripts during their military service. The article also focused on how dental trauma is treated in the Finnish Defence Forces. Material and Methods All dental records in the Defence Forces’ patient register concerning dental trauma during the years 2011 and 2012 were analysed by tooth number, treatment procedures and number of visits. Results According to the patient register, 361 conscripts suffered an oral trauma during their military service; thus, the average annual incidence was 7.2 trauma per 1000 conscripts. A total of 483 teeth were traumatized in the 2‐year period. The most frequently traumatized teeth were the maxillary central incisors (61%), and the most common findings were enamel or enamel‐dentin fractures (63% of all findings). Severe trauma was not common, and the most severe ones occurred during off‐duty hours. The most common treatment was direct filling (n = 189 patients). Only 53 patients had soft tissue injuries (bruises, wounds). Among patients with dental trauma, the mean number of visits to the Defence Forces’ dental clinic was 1.9. Great variation exists in recording findings concerning dental and oral trauma. Conclusion Minor trauma is common. In all cases, recording trauma and treatments should be performed carefully.
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND CLINICAL VALUE OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF VESSELS INTO A TISSUE OF REGIONAL LYMPH NODES IN PATIENTS WITH GASTRIC CANCER

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Features of angiogenesis in regional lymph node (RLN) in patients with gastric cancer are not well understood. The aim of our study is to give morphological characteristics and clinical evaluation of different types of vessels in the tissue of RLN in patients with gastric cancer. Materials and methods : Specimens of RLN without metastases in 32 patients with gastric cancer were investigated. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry (IHC) with CD34 antibodies was performed. Results : It was found that the density of cells expressing CD34 in lymphocytes of LN is correlated with the ПМС in the cortical layer of LN (r = 0.483, p = 0.005), with cell density in LN (r = 0.550, p = 0.01) and with the number of lymphocytes in gastric mucosa (r = 0.576, p = 0.001). The density of cells expressing CD34 in lymphocytes in LN was higher in gastric mucosa with multiple lymphocytes (7.21 + 2.91 and 13,47 + 6.45 respectively in gastric mucosa with single and multiple lymphocytes, p = 0.006). Tin tissues of RLN identified 3 types of vessels having different morphology and clinical significance: capillaries with usual structure, dilated capillaries and atypical vessels. ПМС in cortex layer of LN correlated with the stage of gastric cancer (r = -0,410, p = 0.01) and the number of metastases in RLN (r = -0,440, p = 0.01). ПМС was lower in cases of locally advanced gastric cancer (28.4 + 4.91, 32.5 + 13.32 and 23.79 + 6.193 in microvessels on УЕП , at the stage of T1-2N0M0, T3N0M0 and T2-4N1-2M0, respectively, p1 -3 = 0.02) and in multiple metastases in the RLN (29.8 + 8.51, 25.2 + 5.82 and 22.7 + 6.63 respectively in microvessels on УЕП in the absence of single and multiple metastases, p1 - 3 = 0.001). The presence of multiple atypical vessels was also correlated with the stage of gastric cancer (r = 0,390, p = 0.04) and with 3-year disease-free survival (r = 0,630, p = 0.002). For early stages of gastric cancer it was characterized the absence of abnormal blood vessels in paracortical layer. Whereas in locally advanced gastric cancer atypical vessels were often detected. When there are multiple atypical vessels into a tissue of LN, a decrease of 3-year relapse-free survival from 87% to 42.9% was established (p = 0.03). While when the sinuses in the LN were preserved it was associated with its increase (83.8% and 57.1% for the presence and the absence of sinuses in RLN respectively, p = 0.04). Conclusion : these data suggest a close relationship between lymphoproliferative processes in the lymph nodes and in the gastric mucosa with each other and with the processes of angiogenesis. The origin of the abnormal vessels requires further research.
Clinical value of different detection methods in blunt ocular trauma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Blunt ocular can cause persistent change of eye structure and function, the method of detection which is closely related to eye injury including B-can ultrasonography, UBM, OCT, FFA, scanning laser polarimetry, fundus autofluorescence, each examination with particular emphasis. This paper aims to review the advantages and disadvantages of different inspection methods in order to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of blunt ocular trauma.
Dimitar Bechev, Rival Power: Russia’s Influence in Southeast Europe. New Haven, CT &amp; London: Yale University Press, 2017.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Russia started following a more assertive foreign policy in the Balkans after the Ukraine crisis and the annexation of Crimea in 2014. Moscow tries to generate disruption in the region to keep the West preoccupied and divert it from its immediate neighborhood. In its strategy Russia relies on &quot;hybrid warfare&quot; as a strategy by actively using Slavophil groups, influencing media and social networks, cyber-attacks, and planting conspiracy theories against the Western paradigm. But, Kremlin&#039;s foreign policy faces serious obstacles in the region. Although it has some local support, almost all of the Balkan states don&#039;t have any doubts about their Euro-Atlantic future. Even before Putin&#039;s government the attitude of the Balkan governments toward Russia was not much different than it is today. Throughout history, small Balkan nation-states developed skills to get Russian support for their own causes, but they often would turn their backs to Russia the moment their expectations were met. This book gives an insight into the present condition of Russian influence in the region today and successfully draws parallels with the past Russo-Balkans relations.
Climate Change Adaptation Mechanism for Sustainable Development Goal 1 in Nigeria: Legal Imperative

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Despite international efforts on poverty reduction in the last decade, poverty is rampant in many countries including Nigeria. Poverty remains a principal challenge for development in twenty-first century and a threat to achievement of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 1, which is a global attempt, among others, to end poverty by 2030. Meanwhile, 13 out of the 15 countries where extreme poverty is rising are in Africa. According to the World Poverty Clock, Nigeria, by 2018, had the largest extreme poverty population of 86.9 million, thus making the people vulnerable to malnutrition, armed conflict, migration, and other socioeconomic and environmental shocks. Whereas these impacts are exacerbated by climate change (CC), unfortunately, Nigeria’s adaptation efforts are inadequate due to certain impediments. The chapter finds that Nigeria lacks the CC law to properly regulate institutional and policy interventions to impacts of CC. It argues that although adaptation as opposed to mitigation is interim, yet integrating adaptation measures into Sustainable Development (SD) framework and poverty reduction strategies is a potent means of addressing CC impacts on the poor and achieve SDG1 target. The chapter therefore recommends the establishment of CC law in Nigeria that incorporates adaptation measures in poverty reduction strategies and mainstreaming of CC issues.
Health Maintenance Organizations: Legislative and Training Implications

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract The Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973 provides Americans with the opportunity to join prepaid group health plans. HMOs are not a panacea for the ills that beset our health delivery system but their emphasis on health maintenance and preventive interventions will provide new social work practice and student training opportunities. This article reviews and analyzes the major features of the HMO Act. Expanded roles for social work practitioners are discussed and suggestions are made for strengthening social work training programs in order to prepare social work professionals for practice in HMOs and in the health care field.
COVID-19, wall building, and the effects on Migrant Protection Protocols by the Trump administration: the spectacle of the worsening human rights disaster on the Mexico-U.S. border

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The COVID-19 pandemic has repercussions well beyond the confines of borders. National border policies can thwart international efforts to combat the spread of infectious diseases. These problems are especially relevant for the United States with the spectacle of President Trump’s “big, beautiful border wall” used as leverage to maintain political and economic power domestically and globally while confronting the coronavirus pandemic. The focus of this paper is the implementation of Trump’s Zero Tolerance Policy, Migrant Protection Protocols, and the Asylum Cooperation Agreement, all aimed primarily at migrants and refugees from Central America to prevent entrance into the U.S. using the border security apparatus. These policies have adverse consequences for people dwelling throughout the Americas as the COVID-19 pandemic spreads.
Study of Mesostructured CeO2 Synthesis via Nanocasting Using SBA-15 as a Template: Influence of the Cerium Precursor

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Mesoporous materials with high surface area, large pore volume, and adjustable pore size are promising in the fields of adsorption and heterogeneous catalysis. In this work, ordered mesoporous ceria structures were successfully prepared via nanocasting using SBA-15 as a template, with Ce(NO3)3·6H2O or CeCl3·7H2O as ceria precursors. The materials were characterized before and after template removal. The CeO2 crystallite size in the CeO2/SBA-15 composites increases with successive impregnations until it reaches the pore size of the SBA-15. Upon removal of the SBA-15 template, the synthesized materials exhibit pore diameters corresponding to the wall thickness of the SBA-15, evidencing that the inverted structure was obtained. Mesoporous ceria exhibits increasingly ordered structure up to five successive impregnations with 1.3 mmolCe/gSBA-15. Using cerium chloride as a precursor, highly ordered structures were reached after only three impregnations. The feasibility of this synthesis in fewer steps (1, 3, and 5), employing the same amount of Ce precursor (6.7 mmolCe/gSBA-15), was also studied. Results show a higher ordering degree and oxygen mobility capacity at higher impregnation steps. The mesostructured ceria samples exhibit significantly higher oxygen mobility than commercial bulk ceria, along with high thermal stability, which highlights the usefulness of these structures.
[Studies on the diterpenoids from Rabdosia angustifolia].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A spirosecokaurenoid, angustifolin (Ⅰ) was isolated from the leaves of Rabdosia angustifolia (Dunn) Hara (Labiatae) and its structure was established from spectral and chemical evidence. One known diterpenoid, isodonal (V) was also isolated together with β-sitosterol. (Ⅰ) and (Ⅴ) showed in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo tumor inhibitory activities.
Prioritizing Strategic Cyberspace Lethality

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The primary concern of United States national security policy, as detailed in the 2018 National Defense Strategy, has shifted from asymmetrical counter-insurgency operations to countering inter-state strategic competition by rogue regimes and revisionist powers. This doctrinal shift has prompted an increased emphasis on military lethality, particularly in strategic-level cyberspace operations intended to counter open challenges to the global security environment and United States preeminence. Drawing from the theory of constraints in industrial engineering and Bayesian search theory in operations research, this paper identifies the key organizational constraints that hinder the lethality of the Department of Defense’s strategic-level cyberspace operations units in light of a continued struggle for available cyberspace personnel. Current force structure paradigms and command and control policies are identified as the key limiting factors of military lethality in cyberspace. This paper argues for ruthlessly prioritizing the elimination and improvement of these constraints in order to align Department of Defense policies with efforts to project strategic power in and through cyberspace.
The issue of Mianzi : why are Asian students so performance-oriented? Is that a good or bad form of regulation?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Accordingly, the purpose of the current study is twofold. First, the paper will examine the differential effect of various achievement goals on future engagement behaviours when faced with academic failures. The second goal of this paper is to fill the gaps in past research, by investigating face (i.e. Mianzi) as a cultural antecedent in influencing the endorsement of the performance goals among Asians. A Mianzi scale was developed and tested for its reliability and validity. Results indicated that high concern for Mianzi Gain and Mianzi Loss predicts higher levels of performance-approach and performance-avoidance goal orientation respectively. Despite these findings, to fully understand the dynamics of Mianzi in the educational setting, future testing is needed.
5 Tools Everyone in the 債務重組 Industry Should Be Using

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Financial obligation restructuring is a procedure through which a ongoing business or individual can lessen or eradicate their financial obligation. Debt negotiation will be several types, from forgiveness of some or all the debt to arranging for a lesser interest rate on the debt. Debt restructuring are a good idea in the event a business is having difficulties which are economic needs to reduce its expenses. Debt restructuring is a procedure by which a ongoing company or individual can lessen or eliminate their debt. Debt settlement may come in many kinds, from forgiveness of some or most of the financial obligation to organizing when it comes to reduced interest rate on the debt. Debt restructuring is actually a procedure in which a ongoing company or individual can lessen or eradicate their debt. Credit card debt solutions will come in several types, from forgiveness of some or almost all of the financial obligation to arranging for a loan this is certainly new lower interest rates. Debt restructuring could be an step that is essential fixing a troubled finances, and therefore will help avoid bankruptcy.