jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Atypical Pestivirus and Severe Respiratory Disease in Calves, Europe

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Atypical Pestivirus and Severe Respiratory Disease in Calves, EuropeTo the Editor: The article by Decaro et al. ( 1) described an outbreak of severe respiratory disease in calves in Italy caused by an atypical bovine pestivirus.This report confi rms our concern that this group of viruses is probably widespread (2) and present on >3 continents.Moreover, it demonstrates that atypical bovine pestiviruses are capable of causing disease in calves in the fi eld and a clinical picture consistent with most bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections that occur naturally or experimentally (3,4).Some key issues remain unknown.The origin of the bovine pestivirus and the route of introduction into the herd are unclear, although phylogenies demonstrated a close relationship between this virus strain from Italy and atypical bovine pestiviruses from Brazil.Batches of fetal bovine serum from Brazil have repeatedly been found to be contaminated with atypical bovine pestiviruses (2,3), and there is a risk for contamination of vaccines with these viruses.Animal trade and vaccines should be considered when conducting further investigations into this outbreak.The evolutionary relationship between the atypical and the recognized pestivirus species (1) needs to be clarifi ed.Maximumlikelihood and Bayesian analyses of a concatenated dataset positioned atypical pestiviruses consistently in a clade sister to BVDV-1 and BVDV-2, and the larger clade was sister to pestivirus of giraffes (5).The same pattern was observed in complete genome phylogeny (1).The term atypical is not informative, and a new name has been proposed for these bovine pestiviruses (5).Outcomes of infections with these viruses are typical, but the viral antigens and phylogenies are unique.
Analytical Method Development for the Determination of Α-Endosulfan and Bifenthrin Pesticide Residues in Tea

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The development of analytical method for the determination of α-endosulfan and bifenthrin residues in tea has been done. The complex matrices and also the pigment were the challenge in doing quantification of the pesticide residues in tea matrices. In order to get appropriate analysis method for the determination of pesticide residues in tea, the modification was done in the analytical method for the determination of organochlorine multiresidue in non fat matrices: seasoning and spicy that is published by Directorate General of Food Crops, Directorate of Food Plant Protection. The modification was done particularly in clean-up step to remove the interferences from the extract of tea matrices such as the pigment that usually interfere the measurement with Gas Chromatography (GC). The result showed that the MDL value for both analytes were 0.5 ng/g that were much lower than MRLs. The percent recovery obtained from the method was 78.58 and 90.19% for α-endosulfan and bifenthrin, respectively. The precision of the analysis method for both analytes were good since the % RSD values were below than the Horwitz’s value that was 19.18% at spiking level concentration of 300 ng/g.
Cartographic and semantic aspects on web services

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Several countries are currently working on setting up geoportals as part of their national spatial data infrastructure (SDI) (and this is also a requirement of the Inspire initiative). A key ability of these geoportals is that the user should be able to view (and download) data from several sources from one access point. This will certainly make the access to geospatial data easier. However, there are also cartographic and semantic challenges that have to be solved. In this discussion group we discussed some topics concerning both download services and view services and some possible solutions.
Puerarin Exerts a Delayed Inhibitory Effect on the Proliferation of Cardiomyocytes Derived from Murine ES Cells via Slowing Progression through G2/M Phase

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: Puerarin, which shows beneficial and protective effects on cardiovascular diseases, is the main isoflavone extracted from Pueraria lobata (kudzu) root. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of puerarin on in vitro myocardial proliferation and its underlying mechanism. Methods: Myocardial differentiation of transgenic embryonic stem (ES) cells was performed by embryoid body-based differentiation method. The proliferation assay of cardiomyocytes (CMs) derived from ES cells (ES-CMs) was performed by EdU (5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine) staining. Flow cytometry was employed to determine the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis of purified ES-CMs. Quantitative real-time PCR was utilized to study the transcription of genes related to cell cycle progression. Signaling pathways relating to proliferation were studied by western blot analysis and application of specific inhibitors. Results: Puerarin exerted a delayed inhibitory effect on the proliferation of ES-CMs at the early-stage differentiation. Meanwhile, puerarin slowed progression through G2/M phase without inducing apoptosis of ES-CMs. Further assays showed that puerarin up-regulated the transcription of Cyclin A2, Cyclin B1 and Cdk1 in ES-CMs. The ERK1/2 specific inhibitor PD0325901 and the PI3K specific inhibitor Wortmannin successfully reversed puerarin-induced up-regulation of Cdk1 but not Cyclin A2 and B1. Conclusion: These findings suggest that puerarin inhibits CM proliferation via slowing progression through G2/M phase during early-stage differentiation.
Routing of aero-medical evacuation in the regions of the Russian Federation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Relevance . In accordance with the Decree N 254 of the President of the Russian Federation dated June 06, 2019 “About strategy of the public health development in the Russian Federation up to the year 2025”, one of the primary challenges of public health is providing access to medical care for every citizen irrespective of his/her location in the country. Patients with life-threatening acute conditions should get emergency medical care within so-called “golden hour”, with selecting optimal routes to the appropriate specialized medical centres as soon as possible. In Russia, this can be realized only via air medical evacuation. Intention . To assess an existing routing system based on the aero-medical evacuation in the regions of the Russian Federation, both under emergency and routine conditions.Methodology. Reports of the Territorial Centres for Disaster Medicine and health authorities of the entities of the Russian Federation were studied. Results and Analysis . Standard locations of the capitals of the Russian Federation entities are described, along with need to cooperate with adjacent regions for evacuating patients both routinely and in case of emergencies. Trends and options of air medical transportation are prioritized to minimize risks of health deterioration in patients and casualties. The study showed increase in the number of patients evacuated via air transportation. Control over routing during medical evacuation of injured in emergencies can reduce the mortality rate due to transporting them to specialized medical centers. Conclusion . Aero-medical transport is extremely demanded for evacuating the injured in emergencies to interregional and federal medical centres.
Ultrawideband printed elliptical monopole antenna with four band-notch characteristics

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a compact ultrawideband (UWB) elliptical monopole antenna with four band-notched characteristics is proposed. An optimized half elliptical slit is inserted into the ground plane to improve the impedance bandwidth. The proposed antenna can be achieving separately four sharp notches at frequencies 3.5 GHz, 5.5 GHz, 9.GHz and 12.5 GHz. The simulation is performed using the finite-difference time-domain technique. The proposed antenna has an acceptable omnidirectional radiation pattern. The results prove that this kind of antenna not only satisfies all UWB but also rejects the limited bands in order to avoid possible interference with existing wireless networks.
Virtual Postures

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this chapter, the author clarifies the role of the posture as a form of digital expression, one in which interactions construct. He explains that the virtual posture is a form of digital expression shaped by the digital's lack of fixed representation, causality, or even argument in general. Connectivity is the basis of a digital materialism, one in which an individual body is not representational but rather virtual. The cloud, as representative of the virtual state of connectivity, offers an understanding of digital writing as the state of connectivity, involvement, and engagement. In contemporary computing, the cloud represents the space where representation does not occur, where postures interact and connect so that extension becomes a space of digital communication. To consider the digital writing space as a space of objects interacting with other objects is not to reduce digital writing to a device or technology, but rather is to foreground writing as engagement.
Studies in Quinazolines. Part III : Synthesis of 2-Alkyl-3-Aralkyl-4-(3H) and 2-Mercapto-3-Aralkyl/alkyl/-4(3H)-Quinazolinones

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In order to study physiological properties, several 2-alkyl-3-aralkyl and 2-mercapto-3-aralkyl/ alkyl/-4(3H) quinazolinones have been synthesized from the corresponding acylanthranilic acids and amines using either phosphoryl chloride or phosphorus trichloride, as a condensing agent.
FACS analysis of single putative stem cell surface markers in HFK cells.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>(a) Representative flow-cytometry histograms of surface marker molecules (green) EpCAM, NCAM1, FZD7, NTRK2, CD90, CD34, CD24, CD133, and their respective isotype controls (red) in HFK (19 weeks of gestation). (b) Summarizing bar graph of single marker staining in HFK (15–19 weeks of gestation). Each marker was tested on at least 3 independent samples. Data were calculated as average % of expressing cell±SD. Each marker was tested in 10 HFK.</p>
LHD Langmuir #194764.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Langmuir probes on divertor plates to investigate divertor plasma parameters and fluctuation characteristics of ion flux near the divertor plates. Total 400 Langmuir probes embedded on 20 divertor plates on each of which 20 electrodes are aligned every 6 mm. Sweeping and sampling frequency is normally 250 kHz.
Year 2008 Annual Summary Report on the Use of Common Carp Pituitary in Field Efficacy Trials

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Spawning aids such as common carp pituitary (CCP), luteinizing hormonereleasing hormone analogue, and human chorionic gonadotropin are routinely used in fisheries programs to induce gamete maturation in fish to enhance fish propagation programs. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has authorized the use of CCP under the Compassionate Investigational New Animal Drug (INAD) Exemption #8391 for the purpose of gathering efficacy data to support a new animal drug approval for CCP. During calendar year 2008 (CY08), 16 INAD trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of CCP to induce gamete maturation in a variety of fish species. Trials involved 3,738 treated fish and were conducted at eight different fish hatcheries, including six state hatcheries and two private hatcheries. Efficacy was determined by whether or not treated fish (1) produced or yielded eggs or milt, or (2) produced or yielded more eggs or milt than untreated fish. Overall results of trials conducted during this period indicated that approximately 88% of the trials appeared efficacious, ineffective in 6% of the trials, and were characterized as inconclusive in 6% of the trials.
Imaging of Temporal Bone

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Multidetector computed tomography has been the benchmark for visualizing bony changes of the ear, but has recently been challenged by cone-beam computed tomography. In both methods, all inner ear bony structures can be visualized satisfactorily with 2D or 3D imaging. Both methods produce ionizing radiation and induce adverse health effects, especially among children. In 3T magnetic resonance imaging, the soft tissue can be imaged accurately. Use of gadolinium chelate (GdC) as a contrast agent allows the partition of fluid spaces to be visualized, such as the bulging of basilar and Reissner's membranes. Both intravenous and intratympanic administration of GdC has been used. The development of positive endolymph imaging method, which visualizes endolymph as a bright signal, and the use of image subtraction seems to allow more easily interpretable images. This long-awaited possibility of diagnosing endolymphatic hydrops in living human subjects has enabled the definition of Hydropic Ear Disease, encompassing typical Meniere's disease as well as its monosymptomatic variants and secondary conditions of endolymphatic hydrops. The next challenge in imaging of the temporal bone is to perform imaging at the cellular and molecular levels. This chapter provides an overview of current temporal bone imaging methods and a review of emerging concepts in temporal bone imaging technology.
Succeeded where others have failed? Has Rojiroti’s model of microfinance led to a reduction in domestic violence?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Rojiroti is a small organization delivering microfinance to the poorest women in Bihar. This article explores Rojiroti’s panel data which shows a decline in domestic violence among its members, acknowledging that this result contradicts much of the existing literature on this topic. Detailed analysis of relevant literature and extensive fieldwork involving qualitative interviews with 16 Rojiroti Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in July 2015 inform the outcomes of this inquiry. While evidence from other microfinance organizations is less positive, there are indications that the specific approach to microfinance initiatives by Rojiroti in this context is successful in reducing rates of domestic violence.
Aggregation Effect on Phthalocyanine Photocatalytic Degradation Efficiency Using Orange G and Methyl Orange as Test‐pollutant Compounds in Aqueous Medium

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The effect of aggregation on the photocatalytic behavior of two different water‐soluble phthalocyanines (Pcs) bearing four carboxylic‐acid‐functionalized thiophenyl groups, tetrathiophenycarboxyphthalocyanine (H 2 TCPc) and tetrathiophenycarboxyphthalocyaninato Zn(II) complex (ZnTCPc) have been investigated. The two compounds, H 2 TCPc and ZnTCPc, showed considerable solubility in water at pH ≈ 7.4, but were found to aggregate even at a concentration as low as 2.5×10 −5 M. Two organic dyes, orange G (OG) and methyl orange (MO), were employed as test‐pollutants which were photodegraded in the presence of the Pcs, with and without Triton X‐100 (TX) surfactant. H 2 TCPc in the absence and presence of TX showed degradation efficiency (DE) of 5.80 and 8.70 % respectively, for OG degradation. For the same OG degradation, ZnTCPc as photocatalyst gave DE of 6.41 and 28.0 % in the absence and presence of TX, respectively. Whereas for the degradation of MO, H 2 TCPc DE values were respectively found to be 11.0 and 39.0 % in the absence and presence of TX, while ZnTCPc gave 13.3 and 66.0 %, respectively. The ZnTCPc showed considerable low aggregation compared to H 2 TCPc in the presence of TX, thus resulting in higher DE compared to that of the latter by a factor of 3.2 and 1.7 for OG and MO degradation, respectively. The singlet oxygen quantum yields (Φ ▵ ) obtained for the two Pcs support the observed DE values, and were measured to be 0.50 (50 %) and 0.12 (12 %) for the ZnTCPc and H 2 TCPc, respectively. The DFT/TDDFT calculated triplet yields for ZnTCPc (0.79) and H 2 TCPc (0.020), showed linear correlation with their experimental Φ ▵ yields.
Thyroid Hormone Stimulation of Autophagy Is Essential for Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Activity in Skeletal Muscle

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Thyroid hormone (TH) and autophagy share similar functions in regulating skeletal muscle growth, regeneration, and differentiation. Although TH recently has been shown to increase autophagy in liver, the regulation and role of autophagy by this hormone in skeletal muscle is not known. Here, using both in vitro and in vivo models, we demonstrated that TH induces autophagy in a dose- and time-dependent manner in skeletal muscle. TH induction of autophagy involved reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulation of 5′adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)- Unc-51-like kinase 1 (Ulk1) signaling. TH also increased mRNA and protein expression of key autophagy genes, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3), Sequestosome 1 (p62), and Ulk1, as well as genes that modulated autophagy and Forkhead box O (FOXO) 1/3a. TH increased mitochondrial protein synthesis and number as well as basal mitochondrial O2 consumption, ATP turnover, and maximal respiratory capacity. Surprisingly, mitochondrial activity and biogenesis were blunted when autophagy was blocked in muscle cells by Autophagy-related gene (Atg)5 short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Induction of ROS and 5′adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by TH played a significant role in the up-regulation of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PPARGC1A), the key regulator of mitochondrial synthesis. In summary, our findings showed that TH-mediated autophagy was essential for stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and activity in skeletal muscle. Moreover, autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis were coupled in skeletal muscle via TH induction of mitochondrial activity and ROS generation.
MASINA PENTRU TRATAMENTE FITO-SANITARE IN VII SI LIVEZI, PERFORMANTA, CONFORM STANDARDELOR UE -CONTRUCTIE SI FUNCTIONARE-

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Obtaining of increase and healthy productions in wine-yards and orchards, in the same time with decrease of environmental polution, require increasing researches in plant protection field, for obtaining new solutions, which permit to develop performant spraying equipment. The achievement by INMA Bucuresti, as part of RELANSIN Programme, of competitive equipment for pesticide applications in wine-yards and orchards ATOM 1000, join this context. The spraying equipment ATOM 1000, acomplish pesticides application through pneumatic spraying, with low volume, of pesticides. Using of pneumatic spraying – with low volume-remove some handicaps of hydraulic spraying equipment, which lead to increase of economical efficiency in pesticide applications and to decrease of environmental pollutio
Cell Immobilized FOG-Trap System for Fat, Oil, and Grease Removal from Restaurant Wastewater

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Cell immobilized lipase-producing bacteria on three different matrices were incorporated in a fat-, oil-, and grease (FOG) trap system for restaurant wastewater treatment. During a 16-day laboratory-scale experiment for the treatment of synthetic FOG wastewater containing soybean oil, no significant difference (two-tailed t test at 95% confidence interval) in the FOG removal between two systems was observed at FOG influent ≤1,000 mg/L. However, the typical trap showed lower FOG removal efficiency than the matrix-based system when the influent FOG concentration was increased to ≥5,000 mg/L. In addition, the matrix-based trap system was able to sustain a stable high FOG removal, with <100 mg/L effluent, even at 10,000 mg/L influent FOG. Based on FOG heights measured and mass balance calculations, 97.4 and 99.5% of the total FOG load for 16 days were removed in a typical trap and matrix-based system, respectively. About 93.6% of the removal in the matrix-based was accounted to biodegradation. The 30-day full-scale operations demonstrated a distinguishably better performance in the matrix-based system (92.7±9.06% of 1,044.8±537.27 mg FOG/L) than in the typical trap system (74.6±27.13% of 463.4±296.87 mg FOG/L) for the treatment of barbeque restaurant wastewater. Similarly, matrix-based system revealed higher chemical oxygen demand removal (85.9±11.99%) than the typical trap system (60.4±31.26%). Characterizations of the influent, emulsified, adsorbed and effluent FOG indicated that straight saturated fatty acids constituted the cause of clogging problems in the FOG-trap and piping system.
Between information and communication process, the territorial intelligence, as a network concept & a framework to shape local development

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

With the benefit of 20 years’ hindsight of error-test process associated with our research: territorial intelligence; we shall try, by this contribution, to suggest a theoretical frame of “territorial intelligence” as a faculty of collective intelligence on a territory or as a result of a common representation. In order to illustrate and explain the theoretical framework that we are suggesting in this paper, we will conceptualize from our experience in company and also in research, in France and abroad. This specific integration of theoretical and experimental components is a promising model to overcome the obsolete subdivision between “theory” and “practice”. Today, European and French laws dealing with national and regional development are increasing: intercommunity projects, the question of agreements between State and Regions, etc. What does have to do with technical and administrative laws? We don’t say that we have the fully answer to this question, however, we can give some requirements and characteristics of body’s socio-territorial progress. These political bodies are seems to be in line with politics and economics, under a council or a government’s member leadership. In fact, these units have organized themselves around both, the same experience and the same culture; based on an historical continuation. This work is intended to get a new network organization. In this paper we would like to contribute not only to a better knowledge of local actor’s links but also to give appropriate answers to these questions. That is why we named this paper “Territorial intelligence: a network concept & an info-communication framework process”
Coronary blood flow, oxygen delivery rate and cardiac performance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1. Studies have been made on the isolated blood‐perfused heart of dogs in which isometric tension development at various settings of resting tension (RT) was measured at various levels of O 2 delivery rates controlled by altering ( a ) coronary blood flow (CBF), ( b ) O 2 capacity or ( c ) O 2 saturation of the perfusate. Measurements were also made of O 2 consumption and vascular perfusion resistance. 2. The capacity of the left ventricle to develop tension at any given setting of resting tension was found to be directly correlated with changes in O 2 delivery rate using any of the above three methods of altering the latter. 3. The slopes of the curves relating resting tension to developed tension are positively correlated with total O 2 delivery to the heart. 4. The O 2 ‐dependent metabolic effect upon tension production was found to be slow in development, in contrast to the Frank—Starling effect, which reached full development in the first heart beat after a change in resting length and tension. 5. The O 2 consumption of the isometrically contracting heart is strongly correlated with the O 2 delivery rate at all particular values of resting tension and related developed tension. 6. The metabolic state of the myocardium as determined by the rate of O 2 delivery within physiological ranges is ( a ) a direct major determinant of the tension‐producing capacity of the heart muscle and ( b ) determines the magnitude of adaptation via the Frank—Starling mechanism.