jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A new proposal for interaction with the territory: origin, potential, and challenges of Brazilian Federal Institutes of Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Recent studies have shown that higher education institutions play a significant role in national development and can modify the socioeconomic and cultural context of their surroundings when acting in a civically engaged manner. In this perspective, this article analyzes the new institutional design of the Brazilian Federal Institutes of Education (IFEs) and the process that gave rise to these institutions, highlighting the potentials and challenges for their civic engagement. The research consists of exploring the norms established by the IFE, outlining the way they operate and analyzing semi-structured interviews conducted with executives of the Brazilian Ministry of Education (MEC). We argue that the verticalization of teaching, research, and extension, and the emphasis on local development indicate that IFEs represent a new form of conception of technical and vocational education in Brazil. Behind the creation of this new institutional framework underlies the premise of difficulty of traditional universities in interacting with the territory in which they operate.
Experimental investigation of high power all-fiber amplifier with a closed fiber laser cavity

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We demonstrated a high power all-fiber amplifier scheme with a closed fiber laser cavity experimentally. The characteristics of the signal light with 1100 nm are analyzed and discussed. 2.06 kW signal power with near diffraction-limited beam quality (M 2 = 1.14) is obtained from the all-fiber amplifier, and the slope efficiency is about 71.5%.
P4‐147: Systematic identification of proteases with alpha‐secretase activity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The alpha-secretase is a proteolytic activity, which cleaves within the amyloid ß (Aß) sequence and, thus, prevents Aß generation. The identity of alpha-secretase is unknown, but several proteases, including “a disintegrin and metalloproteases”, have been proposed to be candidate alpha-secretases. To systematically characterize proteases with alpha-secretase activity, we first mapped the alpha-secretase cleavage sites within the Aß domain of APP and then screened for proteases cleaving at these sites. We found that the main cleavage site is between amino acids 16 and 17 of the Aß sequence, which we refer to as major alpha-secretase cleavage site. Additional cleavage sites were identified at nearby peptide bonds, but only represent a smaller amount of total APP alpha-secretase shedding. In order to selectively detect the secreted APP ending at the major alpha-secretase cleavage site, we generated a monoclonal antibody detecting the neoepitope arising through this cleavage. Next, we individually knocked-down different proteases and evaluated their contribution to the major alpha-secretase cleavage site of APP in neuronal cells. Surprisingly, we found that the knock-down of a single metalloprotease was sufficient to completely suppress APP shedding at the major cleavage site. This reveals that other proteases were not able to compensate for this loss of cleavage. In summary, our data show that a) distinct proteases contribute to total alpha-secretase cleavage of APP, but that b) only a single metalloprotease seems to mediate APP shedding at the major cleavage site.
Risk Stratification of Cirrhotic Patients Undergoing Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer: A Single-Centre Experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Concomitant liver cirrhosis is a crucial risk factor for major surgeries. However, only few data are available concerning cirrhotic patients requiring esophagectomy for malignant disease. From a prospectively maintained database of esophageal cancer patients, who underwent curative esophagectomy between 01/2012 and 01/2016, patients with concomitant liver cirrhosis (LCP) were compared to non-cirrhotic patients (NLCP).Of 170 patients, 14 cirrhotic patients with predominately low MELD scores (≤ 9, 64.3%) were identified. Perioperative outcome was significantly worse for LCP, as proofed by 30-day (57.1% vs. 7.7, p<0.001) and 90-day mortality (64.3% vs. 9.6%, p<0.001), anastomotic leakage rate (64.3 vs. 22.3%, p=0.002) and sepsis (57.1 vs. 21.5%, p=0.006). Even after adjustment for age, gender, comorbidities, and surgical approach, LCP revealed higher odds for 30-day and 90-day mortality compared to NLCP. Moreover, 5-year survival analysis showed a significantly poorer long-term outcome of LCP (p=0.023). For risk stratification, none of the common cirrhosis scores proved prognostic impact, whereas components as Bilirubin (auROC 94.4%), INR (auROC=90.0%), and preoperative ascites (p=0.038) correlated significantly with the perioperative outcome. Curative esophagectomy for cirrhotic patients is associated with a dismal prognosis and should be evaluated critically. While MELD and Child score failed to predict perioperative mortality, Bilirubin and INR proofed excellent prognostic capacity in this cohort.
Predictors of Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy in Women With a BRCA1 or BRCA2 Mutation: The Hereditary Breast Cancer Clinical Study Group

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose To evaluate the rate of prophylactic contralateral mastectomy in an international cohort of women with hereditary breast cancer and to evaluate the predictors of uptake of preventive surgery. Patients and Methods Women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation who had been diagnosed with unilateral breast cancer were followed prospectively for a minimum of 1.5 years. Information was collected on prophylactic surgery, tamoxifen use, and the occurrence of contralateral breast cancer. Results Nine hundred twenty-seven women were included in the study; of these, 253 women (27.3%) underwent a contralateral prophylactic mastectomy after the initial diagnosis of breast cancer. There were large differences in uptake of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy by country, ranging from 0% in Norway to 49.3% in the United States. Among women from North America, those who had a prophylactic contralateral mastectomy were significantly younger at breast cancer diagnosis (mean age, 39 years) than were those without preventive surgery (mean age, 43 years). Women who initially underwent breast-conserving surgery were less likely to undergo contralateral prophylactic mastectomy than were women who underwent a mastectomy (12% v 40%; P < 10 −4 ). Women who had elected for a prophylactic bilateral oophorectomy were more likely to have had their contralateral breast removed than those with intact ovaries (33% v 18%; P < 10 −4 ). Conclusion Age, type of initial breast cancer surgery, and prophylactic oophorectomy are all predictive of prophylactic contralateral mastectomy in women with breast cancer and a BRCA mutation. The acceptance of contralateral preventive mastectomy was much higher in North America than in Europe.
Prevalence of Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Anemia in CKD is associated with cognitive impairment, sleep disturbances, CKD progression, cardiovascular co morbidities, and higher mortality. Direct healthcare costs are higher in CKD patients with anemia.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of anemia in chronic kidney disease patients at a tertiary level teaching hospital in Dhaka. Materials and Methods: It was an observational type of descriptive study, conducted in the Dhaka National Medical College, Dhaka, during the study period of January 2019 to April 2019. The study was approved by the institutional ethical committee. Results: Most of the patients (44.56%) belonged to the middle age group 40 - 60 years. Male patients (64.40%) are suffering from more CKD than the female patients (35.50%). Most of the patients (58.41%) are anemic. 45% CKD patients also suffering from diabetes mellitus. Most of the patients (51.48%) treated with oral iron agents for anemia in CKD patients. Conclusion: In this study most of the chronic kidney disease patients are anemic. Improving our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying anemia of CKD holds promise for developing pharmacological agents that more closely target the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of this disease for improved efficacy and reduced treatment related adverse outcomes. Medicine Today 2021 Vol.33(1): 54-57
Cerebral Blood Flow Changes after Endovascular Treatment of

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Symptomatic cerebral hyperperfusion has an incidence of 5 % after endovascular stent placement. We hypothesized that increases in cerebral blood flow (CBF) after endovascular stent placement are positively correlated with the severity of stenosis. METHODS:We studied patients with carotid (n 20) or vertebrobasilar (n 3) stenosis who were undergoing endovascular stent placement. Hemispheric CBF was measured by using intra-arterial xenon-133 technique (initial slope). RESULTS: CBF increased from 29 10 to 35 12 mL/100 g/min (P .0003) at 39 12 minutes (range 13–60 minutes) after endovascular stent placement. Baseline characteristics or type of anesthesia did not affect the findings. Physiologic parameters remained constant between measurements: PaCO2 was 43 6 mm Hg and arterial pressure was 89 16 mmHg. The degree of vascular stenosis (70 % 13%, range, 40–99%) was not correlated with change in CBF (r2 0.007, P .70) or baseline CBF (r2 0.005, P .31). CONCLUSION: CBF increased by 21 % 10 % after treatment in the absence of clinical symptoms and without intracranial hemorrhage. Modest increases in CBF were common after endovascular revascularization. However, the increased CBF appeared to be unrelated to the
Differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells along a hepatocyte lineage

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The development of implantable engineered liver tissue constructs, ex vivo hepatocyte based therapeutic devices and drug discovery studies are limited by an inadequate hepatocyte cell source. Embryonic stem (ES) cells, characterized by their self-renewing and multi-lineage differentiating capabilities, represent a promising mature cell source required for these applications. Previous research has utilized embryoid body (EB) formation in both guided, through extracellular matrix and growth factor supplementation, and unguided, or spontaneous, differentiation to generate hepatocyte like cells. However, these characterizations have been limited to only one or several lineage specific protein or gene expression patterns. In addition, there have been few reports of long term propagation or characterization of long term function for ES cell derived hepatocyte precursors. In this thesis, we have implemented a platform for the long term propagation and augmentation of functional hepatocytes generated from murine ES cell sources. We first utilize a controlled, reproducible, EB mediated differentiation system to characterize efficiency of hepatocyte lineage commitment in four parallel culture configurations. These studies have shown that, EB mediated stem cell differentiation spontaneously yield populations of hepatocyte lineage cells expressing mature hepatocyte markers such as albumin (ALB) and Cytokeratin 18 (CK-18). We then used secondary culture configurations to study the effects of collagen sandwich culture and Oncostatin-M (OSM) or S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) supplementation of EB derived hepatocyte-lineage cell function. The results of these studies suggest that SNAP, independent of the collagen supplementation, maintains the highest levels of ALB expression, however mature liver specific CK-18 is only expressed in the presence of both gel sandwich culture supplemented with SNAP. In addition, albumin secretion and Cytochrome P450 detoxification studies indicated that this condition was the best for the augmentation of hepatocyte-like function. Maintenance and augmentation of hepatocyte-like cells isolated from heterogeneous EB cell populations will be a critical step in generating large numbers of functional differentiated cells for therapeutic use.
Role of Kisspeptin in Puberty in Humans

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Kisspeptin or GPR-54 is a product of KISS 1 gene regulating the production of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), luteinizing (LH) as well follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Both LH and FSH are important hormones for reproduction in animals as well in humans. The recognition of Kisspeptin has a landmark bearing in reproductive biology. Few recent pilot studies have convincingly proven it to be a promising molecule in treating infertile couples especially those having hypogonadotropic hypogonadism not responding to conventional treatment.
POISONOUS PLANTS FOR CATTLE IN COLOMBIA: RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Even though Colombian cattle-farming makes an important contribution to the national economy it also has great potential for growth; however, this activity is carried out in areas where animals may become naturally exposed to poisonous plants, affecting their health and production. It is recognised that some plants may damage the livestock sector in countries placing an important emphasis on cattle-rearing. Such problem has received scarce attention from academic research in Colombia, and the efforts made to do so date from the 1930s, 1940s, 1970s and 1980s without having had continuity. Many of the studies done in Colombia have been orientated towards establishing nitrate and cyanogenic glycoside content, ignoring other toxic metabolites. Likewise, certain vegetal species which can cause poisoning have not been fully studied, thereby hampering their management and treatment. It is thus important that studies are carried out in greater depth in Colombia concerning poisonous plants affecting livestock. A methodology is thus proposed which includes a search for initial information about suspicious plants, reproducing such poisoning experimentally (selecting the animal species, route, presentation and administration time, and evaluating effects) and searching for the chemical responsible for causing the poisoning. All these aspects are dealt with in the present review.
The Parametric Cost Function Approximation: A new approach for multistage stochastic programming

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The most common approaches for solving multistage stochastic programming problems in the research literature have been to either use value functions ("dynamic programming") or scenario trees ("stochastic programming") to approximate the impact of a decision now on the future. By contrast, common industry practice is to use a deterministic approximation of the future which is easier to understand and solve, but which is criticized for ignoring uncertainty. We show that a parameterized version of a deterministic optimization model can be an effective way of handling uncertainty without the complexity of either stochastic programming or dynamic programming. We present the idea of a parameterized deterministic optimization model, and in particular a deterministic lookahead model, as a powerful strategy for many complex stochastic decision problems. This approach can handle complex, high-dimensional state variables, and avoids the usual approximations associated with scenario trees or value function approximations. Instead, it introduces the offline challenge of designing and tuning the parameterization. We illustrate the idea by using a series of application settings, and demonstrate its use in a nonstationary energy storage problem with rolling forecasts.
Didactics: Methodological Approaches to Determining the Content of Physical Education Teacher Training

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The objective of the study was to develop methodological approaches to determining the content of physical education teacher training. Materials and methods. The study involved 62 students of the School of Physical Education, who studied according to the 2001-2005 curriculum. To solve the tasks set, the study used both philosophical and general scientific research methods, including: dialectical method (principle of historicism, principle of systematicity, principle of dialectical contradiction, principle of unity of quality and quantity, principle of dialectical negation, principle of development, principle of causality); systems approach; factor and discriminant analysis. Results. The results of performance analysis show an average level of proficiency in learning material. By the coefficient of variation, the grades in History of Modern World, Culturology, Gymnastics, TMPE, 3rd year vary considerably (>33%). The students’ performance in Therapeutic Physical Training, Fundamentals of Ecology, Thesis has an average level of variability. By most indicators, the students are assessed as a homogeneous group. The analysis of similarities (h2) showed that the most informative indicators of the quality of students’ training are the grades in the following subjects: Teaching Practice (middle school) (0.817); Biomechanics (0.772); Qualification Examination (0.764); Teaching Practice (senior school) (0.763). Conclusions. Factor and discriminant analysis provided objective information on the quality of physical education teacher training. The results of factor analysis do not confirm the objectivity of empirical identification of four groups of academic subjects of the curriculum. The factor structure of the curriculum indicates the need to change the content of education, aimed at improving the training of highly qualified teachers. The training of a physical education teacher should include the following blocks of subjects: professional theoretical and practical training, natural sciences, theory and methods of physical education of schoolchildren, special training in the chosen sport. The results of discriminant analysis show that physical education teacher training is aimed at developing knowledge, abilities and skills in the sections: 1) Means and Methods of Physical Education; 2) Theory and Methods of Motor Abilities Development; 3) Theory and Methods of Teaching Motor Actions.
FromDe FactoFact-finder to Expert Witness? Transition of Forensic Examination in China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Forensic examination plays an important role in China's judicial system, especially in the fact-finding process of both civil and criminal proceedings. Since 2005, this system has experienced gradual, yet significant changes. This paper seeks to examine the major themes of these changes in the context of the continued conceptual reformulation and structural realignment of civil and criminal procedures and the ongoing effort to codify evidence law with transforming impact on China's judicial system and culture. Emphasis is given to the transition of the forensic examination system from an officially (both administrative and judicial) administered fact-finding mechanism with powerful impact on the courts' truth-seeking activities to, at least partially, an expert witness system with significant participation and control by the parties' to judicial proceedings. A convergence of influence from both the continental inquisitorial tradition and the common law adversarial structure appears to have strongly informed the process and direction of the Chinese forensic examination reform. This paper attempts to explain the reasons for this convergence of influence, identify the trend and direction of this development, and provide observations and suggestions for further improvement of the forensic examination system in several key aspects with particular reference to the legal principles and judicial practices under the Federal Rules of Evidence of the United States.
Abstract 4165: Stable RUNX1p.(Leu56Ser) kinetics during the course of myeloid neoplasms disagree with putative RUNX1 poor prognosis status

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract ‘De novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) with mutated RUNX1' is a provisional WHO entity with poor prognosis. Missense variant, RUNX1c.167T&gt;C, NP_001745.2:p.(Leu56Ser), with COSMIC reference and FATHMM score of 0.90 suggests it is ‘Pathogenic'; while dbSNP reference and population frequencies of &gt;1.5% suggests ‘Benign'. To address this discrepancy, we studied RUNX1p.(L56S) kinetics in patients with primary or secondary Myeloid neoplasms receiving varied chemotherapy regimen. Bone marrow (BM) samples received were subjected to routine diagnostic algorithm including targeted next-generation sequencing. ¶Out of 227 patients with RUNX1 mutated Myeloid neoplasms, 75 (33%) had RUNX1p.(L56S) making it the most frequent RUNX1 variant (Table-1). RUNX1p.(L56S) was present at ≈55% (46.6%-62.4%) Variant Allele Frequency (VAF) in all cases except one where VAF was 99%. Paired T-test (95% CI) analysis of RUNX1p.(L56S) VAF at diagnosis and remission (p-value=0.89) or relapse/AML transformation (p-value=0.7017) showed no significant difference; similar to that of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in these cases (remission samples, p-value=0.15; disease evolution, p-value=0.79). In contrast, VAF of other coexisting gene variants was significantly different between diagnostic and remission (p-value=0.02) or relapse/transformation (p-value=0.01) samples, largely owing to acquisition or loss of pathogenic variants. RUNX1p.(L56S) VAF remained stable in sequential samples despite variable BM blasts; nor was it significantly different amongst patients with adverse risk cytogenetics versus those with favourable or intermediate risk (p-value=0.60). In the MDS cohort, RUNX1p.(L56S) was not associated with morphological subtypes. ¶Our data demonstrates RUNX1p.(Leu56Ser) kinetics remain stable during Myeloid disease course, similar to co-occurring SNPs. Our data strongly recommend considering clinical relevance of individual variant when assessing gene mutation-based disease entities. Table-1:Patient characteristics [includes only those with RUNX1p.(Leu56Ser)]AML (1o or 2o) [No./Median (Range)]MDS (1o or 2o)/MPN [No./Median (Range)]Fisher Exact (2-tailed; 95% CI)No. of patients1758No. of samples76105Genderp-value=0.27Male631Female1127Age (years)57.5 (13.6- 71.4)65 (20.8- 88.2)Cytogenetic risk groupp-value=1.00Favourable228Intermediate1215Adverse33Unavailable012Clinical outcomep-value= 0.24No. of patients in remission (immunophenotypic)79No. of patients with relapse/transformation63Time to event (months)21.0 (8-68)24.0 (10-49) Citation Format: Lena Rai, Sai Phyo, Elisabeth Nacheva. Stable RUNX1p.(Leu56Ser) kinetics during the course of myeloid neoplasms disagree with putative RUNX1 poor prognosis status [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 4165.
Layered, Tunable Graphene Oxide-Nylon Heterostructures for Wearable Electrocardiogram Sensors

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Nanoscale engineered materials combined with wearable wireless technologies can deliver a new level of health monitoring. A reduced graphene oxide-nylon composite material is developed and tested, demonstrating its usefulness as a material for sensors in wearable, long-term electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring via a comparison to one of the widely used ECG sensors. The structural analysis by scanning electron (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) shows a limited number of defects on a macroscopic scale. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy confirm the presence of rGOx, and the ratio of D- and G-features as a function of thickness correlates with the resistivity analysis. The negligible effect of the defects and the tunability of electrical and optical properties, together with live ECG data, demonstrate its signal transduction capability.