jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Palliative Care Consultations in Primary and Metastatic Brain Tumours

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1. Management of primary brain tumours 2. Management of patients with brain metastasis 3. The prevention and treatment of seizures in intracranial malignancy 4. The palliative management of raised intracranial pressure 5. Neuropsychological complications in patients with brain tumours 6. Family care whilst the patient is attending the oncology centre 7. Acquired communication & swallowing difficulties in patients with primary brain tumours 8. Nutritional problems in patients with primary cerebral malignancies 9. The last days of life
Non-monotonic dependence of stiffness on actin crosslinking in cytoskeleton composites

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We use optical tweezers microrheology and fluorescence confocal microscopy to reveal that the stiffness of actin-microtubule composites displays a surprising non-monotonic dependence on actin crosslinking which is driven by microtubule mobility.
Exploring links between geodynamics and climate change

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

&lt;p&gt;Combating global climate change remains one of the greatest challenges facing humanity in the coming decades. Whilst oceanographers, ice sheet dynamicists, and atmospheric modellers all have an obvious role to play in leading efforts to tackle this problem, there remain many aspects that require careful consideration and cross-disciplinary interaction in other areas of the geosciences. In this talk, I will use selected examples to illustrate important links between geodynamics and climate change, including improving our understanding of its potential impacts and mitigation. The first concerns the role of mantle convection in influencing palaeo sea-level records and ice sheet dynamics. For example, Pliocene interglacial periods are commonly invoked as potential climatic analogues for the near-future conditions expected in our warming world, but there is considerable uncertainty over the extent to which important sea-level indicator sites have been perturbed, post-deposition, by convection-induced dynamic topography. The second link involves the growing shortage of metals that are key to the manufacture of technologies for low-carbon energy generation and storage. Tackling this shortfall requires an improvement in our ability to locate new, high-grade metal deposits, particularly those buried beneath shallow sedimentary cover. Novel geodynamical insights into the geological processes responsible for ore genesis will form a core component of narrowing the exploration search-space, and we have recently demonstrated this approach for sediment-hosted metal deposits. Through these case studies, I will show that it is primarily through developing an environment of cross-disciplinary discussion and financial support that our community is most likely to progress in understanding the potential impacts of climate change and how we may mitigate against them. Although one of the least well-studied components, the solid Earth is increasingly being recognised as a critical part of the climate system. Researchers working in topics as diverse as rock mechanics, seismology, convection modelling, and geochemistry all have a crucial role to play.&lt;/p&gt;
МЕТОД ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ОСНОВНИХ ПАРАМЕТРІВ ВАНТАЖНОГО ЛЮКА В ХВОСТОВІЙ ЧАСТИНІ ФЮЗЕЛЯЖУ ЛІТАКІВ ТРАНСПОРТНОЇ КАТЕГОРІЇ

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A method has been developed for determining principal parameters for aft cargo door of transport aircraft. A list of input data is given and a technique for finding them is described. An example based on an existing transport aircraft is considered. The following has been used as source data: basic cargo nomenclature to be transported by the designed aircraft, cargo overall dimensions and weight, methods of loading and mooring, loading facilities. More over the design, operational and regulatory parameters are needed, such as landing gear configuration, its bottoming system, extension of rails of the upper equipment for loading/unloading, cargo trajectories during loading and airdropping, codes of the international regulatory bodies such as FAR, CS, AP. Based on the source data, the principle of determining the dimensions of the cargo compartment, cargo floor and the loading sites in the form of a ramp with a pressure bridge, and air stairs is given. The relation between the ramp length and the cargo floor length is described taking into account the loading, unloading and air dropping operations. Correct calculation of these parameters is the most important task, because performance of the future transport aircraft directly depends on the solution. The technique of determining the cargo door opening, development of the load-bearing structure of the transport aircraft fuselage aft section, its main strong elements – the cargo door beam, the ramp, the attachment units, the ramp locks – is given. The interconnection of the ramp load-bearing structure with the load-bearing structure of the fuselage aft part, the options for transferring loads perceived by the ramp to the frame are described. Examples of two types – flat and volumetric – of the cargo door beams, as well as the method of their assignment are considered. Trajectories of the extreme points of the in-gauge load are determined using graphical method for loading, unloading, and airdropping operations. Taking into account the positions of these trajectories makes it possible to select the desired cutout in the fuselage aft section. While designing the aft cargo doors the main features are highlighted. These features when considered make it possible to determine the most optimal parameters of the cutout, the cargo door type and its components.
Organizations, Social Problems, and System Change: Invigorating the Third Mandate of Organizational Research

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Organizations across sectors appear to be shifting their ambitions from solving social problems to changing entire social systems. This phenomenon offers a timely opportunity to revisit what came to be known as the third mandate of organizational theory. In this paper we interrogate how organizational scholarship can productively explore and theorize the relationship between organizations and social systems in organized system change – an effort by organizations to alter the conditions that generate the characteristics of social problems and their dynamics of change. As a basis for theorizing organized system change, we develop an analytical scaffold that helps researchers to attend to fundamental aspects of the phenomenon and to achieve parsimony without blanking out complexity. Grounded in realist metatheory and principles, the scaffold reduces ambiguity, provides a backbone for empirical analysis, and favours mechanism-based explanation. We suggest that generating theoretically interesting and practically adequate knowledge on organized system change requires attention to three system realms: First, the subjectively constructed problem realm of systems concerned with processes of evaluating and problematizing situations. Second, the objectively constituted situational realm that attends to factual characteristics of situations and their dynamics of change. And third, the realm of causality understood as the mechanisms that generate both the objective characteristics of situations and the subjective criteria by which situations are evaluated as problems. In concluding, we reflect on the topics of boundaries and power as two promising areas for theorizing organized system change.
USP25 contributes to defective neurogenesis and cognitive impairments

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Both Down syndrome (DS) individuals and animal models exhibit hypo‐cellularity in hippocampus and neocortex indicated by enhanced neuronal death and compromised neurogenesis. Ubiquitin‐specific peptidase 25 ( USP25 ), a human chromosome 21 (HSA21) gene, encodes for a deubiquitinating enzyme overexpressed in DS patients. Dysregulation of USP25 has been associated with Alzheimer's phenotypes in DS, but its role in defective neurogenesis in DS has not been defined. In this study, we found that USP25 upregulation impaired cell cycle regulation during embryonic neurogenesis and cortical development. Overexpression of USP25 in hippocampus promoted the neural stem cells to glial cell fates and suppressed neuronal cell fate by altering the balance between cyclin D1 and cyclin D2, thus reducing neurogenesis in the hippocampus. USP25‐Tg mice showed increased anxiety/depression‐like behaviors and learning and memory deficits. These results suggested that USP25 overexpression resulted in defective neurogenesis and cognitive impairments, which could contribute to the pathogenesis of DS. USP25 may be a potential pharmaceutical target for DS.
Study on the design of similar model test of parallel rectangular pipe jacking construction

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to study the interaction of parallel rectangular pipe jacking construction and its influence on surrounding strata, a similar model test design of parallel rectangular pipe jacking construction was carried out based on an engineering project. The main factors affecting the mechanical properties of rectangular pipe jacking construction process were analyzed, and the basic physical quantities were selected to deduce the similarity between model and prototype. Based on the similarity theory, the similar relations among the various physical quantities are analyzed through dimensional analysis method, the similarity ratio relationship suitable for pipe jacking construction model is obtained. Rectangular pipe jacking is realized by meeting geometric and elastic modulus similarity ratio, and model soil is realized by satisfying cohesion and elastic modulus similarity ratio. The data measurement and acquisition scheme of model test was designed, and the surface settlement, earth pressure and pipe jacking strain can be measured and analyzed. The key points in the model test process are pointed out through the simulation of the test process. The experimental design can meet the test requirements and achieve the test goal of parallel rectangular pipe jacking construction.
Bathya brevicarpus gen. et sp. nov. (Amphipoda: Senticaudata: Calliopiidae), from hydrothermal vents, Okinawa Trough, North-west Pacific

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

One individual referable to Calliopiidae G.O. Sars, 1893 was collected from a chemically reduced habitat, the hydrothermal vent systems in Okinawa Trough, and was identified as a new genus and species belonging to this family after a morphological examination. A formal description of this new species and a discussion of the relationship of the new genus within Calliopiidae are presented.
Peripheral QCT Sector Analysis Reveals Positive Bone Adaptations Following Osteogenic Index-Optimized Exercise

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Research suggests that including an 8 h rest period between exercise/loading sessions optimizes the osteogenic index (OI), resulting in augmented bone mineral density (BMD). Further, using a novel peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) sector analysis potentially allows for the detection of early site-specific bone adaptations. PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that performing ballistic, plyometric-type exercise twice (2x/d) vs. once (1x/d) per day (equating for total exercise time/volume) would result in augmented pQCT-assessed bone adaptations. METHODS: Men and women volunteers (n=17; 23.4 ± 4.6 y) were randomized into 1x/d (n=11) or 2x/d (n=6) training groups and completed non-linear periodized training on a 3PQ leg press machine 3 d/wk for 11 wk. The 2x/d exercise sessions were separated by 8 h, leading to a 45% greater OI vs. 1x/d. Tibial pQCT scans taken at 38% and 66% from the distal end plate were analyzed using MATLAB to assess whole bone and regional (six, 60° polar sectors: LA, AA, MA, MP, PP, LP; L=lateral, A=anterior, M=medial, P=posterior) parameters including volumetric BMD (vBMD), cortical area and thickness. Data were analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: Following training, there were no changes in whole bone cortical vBMD at the 38% site; however, regional analysis revealed an increase in the LP sector (P=0.03) in both groups. Whole bone cortical area at 38% did not change in 1x/d, but increased in the 2x/d group (p<0.01). Sector analysis of cortical area at the 38% site demonstrated similar adaptations, where area was preserved (PP; P=0.22) or increased (AA; P=0.03) in 2x/d, but decreased (PP; p<0.01) or remained the same (AA, LP; p>0.10 for both) in the 1x/d group. Whole bone cortical thickness at the 38% site tended to decrease (P=0.07) in 1x/d, but was preserved (P=0.15) in the 2x/d group. Regional analysis revealed that cortical thickness decreased in AA (P=0.04) and PP (P=0.01) sectors in 1x/d, but was increased (AA; p<0.01) or preserved (PP; P=0.23) in the 2x/d group. No changes were observed at the 66% site for any parameter assessed. CONCLUSION: Optimizing the osteogenic potential of exercise enhances site-specific bone changes that can be observed in as little as 3 months by exploiting pQCT sector analysis. Not to be construed as official Department of the Army position or policy.
KESIAPSIAGAAN INDONESIA DALAM MITIGASI DAMPAK PERUBAHAN IKLIM DI INDONESIA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The existence of climate change due to global warming has increased the risk of disasters in Indonesia, such as rising sea levels that cause flooding. This is certainly a threat to the people of Indonesia, especially those who live in coastal areas and small islands. Property and life losses due to climate disasters continue to increase. Indonesia's preparedness is needed to protect its citizens from climate disasters. This preparedness must take into account the guarantee of the fulfillment of human rights and justice for the environment. The more prepared and resilient a country is to the impacts of climate change, the less climate disasters there will be in that country. This article will analyze how Indonesia is prepared to deal with climate disasters. This article is the result of a normative juridical research that prioritizes secondary data as primary data. The results showed that Indonesia's preparedness was carried out by ratifying the UNFCCC, the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement through Indonesian national regulations. In addition, the Government of Indonesia cooperates and coordinates with various parties (academics, businessmen, journalists, communities) to mitigate and adapt to the impacts of climate change. It's just that until now there is no comprehensive and integrated regulation that clearly regulates climate disaster management. The current Law Number 24 of 2007 concerning Disaster Management does not explain or explicitly regulate climate disasters.
The relationship between chronic inflammation associated with obesity and vitamin D deficiency

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Obesity is characterized by an abnormal production of adipocytokines, generating chronic inflammation associated in turn with endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis and insulin resistance. On the other hand, it is a risk factor for vitamin D deficiency, thus establishing an inverse relationship between the plasma levels of this nutrient and acute phase proteins with low vitamin D levels, being able to boost the inflammatory response in obesity. In this context, the correction of poor vitamin D status could be an effective addition to the treatment of obesity; however, evidence of future trials that can support the regulatory effects of supplementation is required. The objective of this review is to analyze the existing evidence and establish the relationship between plasma levels of vitamin D and chronic inflammation associated with obesity. The methodology consists of a sensitive search in the PubMed and Trip Database, limiting the search to articles in English and Spanish published through January 2019. Priority was given to clinical trials, original articles and systematic reviews, from which other relevant research was identified.
The Contribution of Cultural Factors to Mobile Learning Acceptance in Chinese Higher Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Mobile learning has become a need of the modern education system because of its advantages. However, its utilization could be better in Chinese higher education. In Chinese culture, college students’ willingness to adopt mobile learning may be essential. This study investigates the effects of two cultural factors on mobile learning acceptance among Chinese college students. It applies the technology acceptance model and Hofstede's theory of cultural dimensions. This research pilot study recruited 90 student samples from 3 private colleges in Chongqing City, responding to an online questionnaire. Data analysis used the SPSS 24 version to conduct correlation and regression analyses. The results indicated that cultural trust could predict students’ intentions of using mobile learning, as perceived usefulness and ease of use do. Meanwhile, students’ individual growing backgrounds significantly moderated the effect of other variables in this model to influence students’ intentions of mobile learning. The study also discussed the significance, the limitations, and the research directions in the future.
Cranio-Cervical Posterior Fixation after Halo-Vest Traction for Atlantoaxial Vertical Subluxation due to Bone Anomalies : Instrumentation (Olerud Cervical Fixation System) and Cranial Bone Graft

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cranio-cervical fixation with instrumentation and cranial bone graft was performed for patients with atlantoaxial vertical subluxation (AAVS) due to bone anomalies of cranio-cervical junction. The five patients treated were all female with ages ranging from 49 to 73 years (mean : 60.2 yr). Symptoms were tetraparesis, weakness of the bilateral upper extremities, sensory disturbances, paresthesia, and neck pain. Accompanying bone anomalies were atlanto-occipital assimilation, hypoplasia of the atlas, os odontoideum, and block vertebrae. After correction of AAVS by traction using a halo-vest, symptoms were improved in all patients. Cranio-cervical fixation using an Olerud cervical fixation system with bone graft taken from some portion of occipital bone with or without foramen magnum decompression was performed under the halo-vest traction. No complications occurred during or after operation. All patients have been able to resume the daily activities of housewives in follow-up periods up to 5 years 4 months. Occipito-cervical (C2) bony fusion was completed and no recurrence of symptoms has been observed to date. The Olerud cervical fixation system with a cranial bone graft is safe and effective for the treatment of AAVS due to bone anomalies, although limitation of rotation neck movement is occurred by occipital and trans-articular screw fixation.
Intracerebroventricular Transplantation of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Multipotent Progenitor Cells in an Immunodeficient Mouse Model of Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I (MPS-I)

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS-I; Hurler syndrome) is an inborn error of metabolism caused by lack of the functional lysosomal glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-degrading enzyme α-l-iduronidase (IDUA). Without treatment, the resulting GAG accumulation causes multisystem dysfunction and death within the first decade. Current treatments include allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and enzyme replacement therapy. HSCT ameliorates clinical features and extends life but is not available to all patients, and inadequately corrects the most devastating features of the disease including mental retardation and skeletal deformities. Recent developments suggest that stem cells can be used to deliver needed enzymes to the central nervous system. To test this concept, we transplanted bone marrow-derived normal adult human MultiStem® cells into the cerebral lateral ventricles of immunodeficient MPS-I neonatal mice. Transplanted cells and human-specific DNA were detected in the hippocampal formation, striatum, and other areas of the central nervous system. Brain tissue assays revealed significant long-term decrease in GAG levels in the hippocampus and striatum. Sensorimotor testing 6 months after transplantation demonstrated significantly improved rotarod performance of transplanted mice in comparison to nontransplanted and sham-transplanted control animals. These results suggest that a single injection of MultiStem cells into the cerebral ventricles of neonatal MPS-I mice induces sustained reduction in GAG accumulation within the brain, and modest long-term improvement in sensorimotor function.
The Effect of Tweets on the Traded Volume of Crypto-Coins

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recently, the stock markets get immensely impacted though social media posts. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of social media posts on the crypto-markets. We conduct a series of experiments with five most traded crypto-coins: Solana (SOL), Dogecoin (DOGE), Ethereum (ETH), Binance (BNB) and Bitcoin (BTC) using the LightGBM model for classification for a period of two years. Our objective was to estimate the direction of movement of traded volume using various features like information related to prior prices and traded volumes of cryptocurrencies. Subsequently, we added sentiment and summary of social media feeds as new features. We conclude that although tweets have an impact on the direction of movement of volume of cryptocurrencies to be traded, the impact is not significant.
The Effect and Mechanism of PPARγ on Resistance to Lung Injury of Extracorporeal Circulation by Transcriptionally Repressing NF-κβ Pathway

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To discuss the effect and mechanism of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ( PPARγ) resistance to lung injury of extracorporeal circulation by transcriptionally repressing NF-κβ pathway. Methods Lung injury of cardiopulmonary bypass( CPB) animal models were established and grouped. In the control group,animals were established CPB and anaesthesia without bypass. Rats in model group were given 30 minutes deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Rats in interventional group were given 30 minutes deep hypothermic circulatory arrest after sublingually vein inject rosiglitazone( ROSI) 0. 3mg / kg and 30 min later,a selective agonist of PPAR-γ. There were 10 animals in every group above. Expression of PPAR-γ and NF-κβp65 protein were detected by western blotting in lung tissue of all groups. Levels of serum D-dimer and heat shock proteins 70( HSP70) were detected by Elisa in all groups. Results Expression of PPARγ led to an increase in model group than control group,but without statistical significances( P 0. 05),while expression of NF-κβp65 in model group was obviously higher( P 0. 01). Expression of PPARγ was obviously higher,having been treated with ROSI,than model group,while expression of NF-κβp65 was evidently lower( P 0. 01). Level of serum D-dimer in model group was evidently higher than control group,while HSP70 was evidently lower( P 0. 01). Level of serum D-dimer,having been treated with ROSI,was evidently lower,while HSP70 was evidently higher with statistical significances( P 0. 01).Conclusion PPARγ could resist to lung injury of extracorporeal circulation by transcriptional ly repressing NF-κβ pathway.