jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Tumor cell adhesive mechanisms and their relationship to metastasis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and therapy of many forms of cancer, metastasis remains the major cause of death in cancer patients. As tumors progress they become increasingly heterogeneous, giving rise to aggressive subpopulations of tumor cells that subsequently invade local tissues, the lymphatics, and the circulatory system. This invasive behavior can ultimately lead to the widespread dissemination and metastasis of the primary tumor. In hematogenous metastasis, emboli consisting of tumor cells, host cells, platelets, and fibrin are transported to distant sites where they arrest in the microvasculature prior to extravasation. It is well accepted that tumor cell adhesion plays a fundamental role in many of the stages of the metastatic process. Tumor cell interactions with extracellular matrix components of tissue, tissue boundaries (basement membranes), or cell adhesion-promoting components of plasma; influence tumor cell motility, invasiveness, and many other important aspects of the metastatic tumor cell phenotype. Tumor cell adhesion also has a rate-limiting influence at various stages within the metastatic process, such as tumor cell arrest and extravasation. In addition, the ability of the immune system to recognize and successfully eradicated tumors is also highly dependent on the adhesion of activated lymphocytes to target tumor cells. Despite the rapid accumulation of information on the molecular basis of cell adhesion, our understanding of the relationship between tumor cell adhesion and hematogenous metastasis per se is fragmented and incomplete. Nevertheless, clear progress has been made, both in understanding the molecular basis of tumor cell adhesion and its relationship to the biology of tumor metastasis. New and exciting directions have been identified that are likely to yield direct benefits in developing new therapeutic or diagnostic approaches for malignant neoplasms. Our purpose is to briefly review the molecular basis of tumor cell adhesion from the standpoint of many of the receptors involved as well as their putative ligands. The relationship between specific tumor cell adhesion events and the formation of metastatic lesions is also addressed.
Black Box Power: Zones of Uncertainty in Algorithmic Management

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter examines algorithmic management and investigates its mechanisms. It is argued that the existing discussion is partly characterised by technological determinism, which firstly assumes comprehensive control and secondly narrows the view to technological aspects. Drawing on the organisation theory of Michel Crozier and Erhard Friedberg, the limited agency of heteronomous actors is analysed. The focus is on the opacity of algorithmic structures, which contributes decisively to the effectiveness of algorithmic management. This mechanism is identified as black box power, leading to an algorithmic self which monitors its actions carefully and is obedient in an anticipatory manner.
Diagnostic value of the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) simple rules versus pattern recognition to differentiate between malignant and benign ovarian masses

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective To compare the efficacy of the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis ( IOTA ) simple rules versus pattern recognition to differentiate between benign and malignant ovarian masses. Methods A prospective cross‐sectional study conducted at Kasr El Aini Hospital, Cairo, between April 2016 and October 2018 of 396 women with ovarian masses measuring more than 5 cm who were candidates for surgery. All patients underwent two‐dimensional transvaginal sonography: level 2 with IOTA simple rules followed by level 3 with pattern recognition. Patients subsequently underwent ovarian cystectomy or oophorectomy and the specimens were examined histopathologically. Accuracy was measured by comparing sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy. Results IOTA simple rules specified 44/50 cases as malignant and 220/242 as benign (sensitivity and specificity of 88.0% and 90.9%, respectively). Pattern recognition identified 83/94 cases as malignant and 281/302 as benign (sensitivity and specificity of 88.3% and 92.7%, respectively). No statistically significant difference in accuracy was found between the two methods. Conclusion IOTA simple rules are an effective tool for detecting ovarian malignancy when performed by nonexpert sonographers. When results are inconclusive, pattern recognition should be performed additionally by an expert sonographer. Clinical trials registration NCT 02800031
Saskatchewan Bridge Management from a Spatial Perspective

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Saskatchewan Association of Rural Municipalities (SARM) in conjunction with Saskatchewan Highways and Transportation (SHT) retained Associated Engineering (AE) in September of 2006 to complete a strategic asset management plan for the management of over 3900 rural municipal bridges and bridge sized culverts valued at over 700 million dollars. The key objective of the strategic plan was to establish a methodology to manage the prioritization of repair and rehabilitation plans in view of the sustainability and existing and proposed network service levels. The terms of reference for this project required that an objective priority rating system be derived for structures on a system wide basis. This paper / presentation demonstrates an innovative approach to sustainable bridge asset management and the use of an alternative project delivery mechanism to provide a sustainable data record and decision making regime. The results of this project assisted in the securing of a substantial increase in funding for both bridge inspection and renewal.
Success with improvement — requires the right roles to be enacted — in symbiosis

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract Success in process improvement (PI) depends on the viewpoint and the observer. The same process can be seen as a success from one viewpoint and an utter failure from another. In this article, we report the results of a large Danish research project that set out to study success and failure in product innovation and PI projects, using a large interview study and grounded theory analysis as the research approach. One main outcome of the research project was a model and a method — called ImprovAbility — that can be used to increase an organization's ability to succeed. Another outcome was detailed findings about the different roles in PI. The roles we identify are that of project members, project managers, process owners, project organization, top managers, involved experts and users. They all have different roles in relation to the organizational goal: improving and becoming better at improving. They are also involved in defining requirements and providing and obtaining knowledge in different ways, and they focus on different things, face different problems, and are happy about different solutions. The core of the article reports these findings and discusses how one can use diversity to increase the chance of success in PI. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Credentialing Occupational Hygiene

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Broadly defined, credentials are anything that provides a basis for confidence, belief, or credit in the capabilities of someone or something. They may provide a form of status or entitlement. Occupational hygiene is the anticipation, evaluation, measurement, and control of the work environment with the goal of minimizing safety and health risks to workers. The credentials of professionals such as health-care providers, architects, and restaurant inspectors are just a few examples of what it takes to ensure a safe and healthy society. Higher wages for licensed workers may be partly due to the monopolistic nature of the profession and barriers to entry that reduce supply. The British Occupational Hygiene Society is the only UK-based examining board for qualifications in occupational hygiene. The Canadian Registration Board of Occupational Hygienists is a not-for-profit organization that implements a system to establish professional competence in the practice of occupational hygiene. It promotes a particular code of ethics for professionals carrying its credentials.
Non-Toxic Processable Solution Up-Cycling of Spent Electrical Anode: Environmental Sustainability

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming widely used worldwide to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases from transportation. Managing the enormous quantities of waste from decommissioned lithium-ion batteries, which include rare earth and vital minerals, is becoming more problematic as this rapid increase continues. They were able to transform the graphite anodes that were wasted in an electric vehicle into graphene dispersions by using higher level shearing exfoliation in aqueous surfactants. Using used graphite anodes instead of high-purity graphite flakes increases process yield by 38.6% under the same hydrodynamic circumstances. Similar to high-purity precursors, surfactant concentration decreases average atomic layer number. This study shows that some layer graphene made from graphite flake has a better electrical conductivity, and we pinpoint the drawbacks of exfoliating wasted graphite anode material using aqueous surfactant solutions. An environmentally sustainable end-to-end upcycling of spent EV anodes into new technologies is shown by the creation of working paper-based electronic circuit boards using these non-toxic solution-processable nanomaterial dispersion.
Accelerators for heavy ion inertial fusion: Progress and plans

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion Program is the principal part of the Inertial Fusion Energy Program in the Office of Fusion Energy of the U.S. Department of Energy. The emphasis of the Heavy Ion Program is the development of accelerators for fusion power production. Target physics research and some elements of fusion chamber development are supported in the much larger Inertial Confinement Fusion Program, a dual purpose (defense and energy) program in the Defense Programs part of the Department of Energy. The accelerator research program will establish feasibility through a sequence of scaled experiments that will demonstrate key physics and engineering issues at low cost compared to other fusion programs. This paper discusses progress in the accelerator program and outlines how the planned research will address the key economic issues of inertial fusion energy.
Effect of intensive care unit-specific virtual reality (ICU-VR) to improve psychological well-being in ICU survivors: study protocol for an international, multicentre, randomised controlled trial—the HORIZON-IC study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction A substantial proportion of intensive care unit (ICU) survivors develop psychological impairments after ICU treatment, part of the postintensive care syndrome, resulting in a decreased quality of life. Recent data suggest that an ICU-specific virtual reality intervention (ICU-VR) for post-ICU patients is feasible and safe, improves satisfaction with ICU aftercare, and might improve psychological sequelae. In the present trial, we firstly aim to determine whether ICU-VR is effective in mitigating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-related symptoms and secondly to determine the optimal timing for initiation with ICU-VR. Methods and analysis This international, multicentre, randomised controlled trial will be conducted in 10 hospitals. Between December 2021 and April 2023, we aim to include 300 patients who have been admitted to the ICU ≥72 hours and were mechanically ventilated ≥24 hours. Patients will be followed for 12 consecutive months. Patients will be randomised in a 1:1:1 ratio to the early ICU-VR group, the late ICU-VR group, or the usual care group. All patients will receive usual care, including a mandatory ICU follow-up clinic visit 3 months after ICU discharge. Patients in the early ICU-VR group will receive ICU-VR within 2 weeks after ICU discharge. Patients in the late VR group will receive ICU-VR during the post-ICU follow-up visit. The primary objective is to assess the effect of ICU-VR on PTSD-related symptoms. Secondary objectives are to determine optimal timing for ICU-VR, to assess the effects on anxiety-related and depression-related symptoms and health-related quality of life, and to assess patient satisfaction with ICU aftercare and perspectives on ICU-VR. Ethics and dissemination The Medical Ethics Committee United, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands, approved this study and local approval was obtained from each participating centre (NL78555.100.21). Our findings will be disseminated by presentation of the results at (inter)national conferences and publication in scientific, peer-reviewed journals. Trial registration number NL9812.
Blood Glucose Fluctuations in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Treated with Multiple Daily Injections

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To compare blood glucose fluctuations in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients were treated using three procedures: insulin intensive therapy which is continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), MDI3 (three injections daily), and MDI4 (four injections daily). T2DM patients were hospitalized and were randomly assigned to CSII, aspart 30-based MDI3, and glargine based MDI4. Treatments were maintained for 2-3 weeks after the glycaemic target was reached. After completing the baseline assessment, 6-day continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was performed before and after completion of insulin treatment. Treatment with CSII provided a greater improvement of blood glucose fluctuations than MDI (MDI3 or MDI4) therapy either in newly diagnosed or in long-standing T2DM patients. In long-standing diabetes patients, the MDI4 treatment group had significantly greater improvement of mean amplitude glycemic excursion (MAGE) than the MDI3 treatment group. However, in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes, there were no significant differences in the improvement of MAGE between MDI3 and MDI4 groups. Glargine based MDI4 therapy provided better glucose fluctuations than aspart 30-based MDI3 therapy, especially in long-standing T2DM patients, if CSII therapy was not available.
Eliminação de Toxoplasma gondii pela urina de camundongos durante a fase aguda da infecção experimental

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Camundongos albinos heterogenéticos da linhagem Swiss, foram experimentalmente infectados, via subcutânea, com taquizoítos de uma cepa de Toxoplasma gondii de baixa virulência. Todos morreram durante a fase aguda da infecção, entre 7 e 9 dias após a infecção (DAI). Demonstrou-se, utilizando a bioprova, que 80% dos animais eliminou T. gondii pela urina. Nos rins, observou-se, entre outras alterações, hemorragia intersticial intertubular e presença de hemácias íntegras nos espaços subcapsulares de Bowmann de alguns glomérulos. Discutiu-se sobre os possíveis mecanismos de eliminação de T. gondii na urina dos animais infectados. Analisou-se alguns aspectos relacionados com a eliminação de formas infectantes de T. gondii na urina destes animais e a transmissão da toxoplasmose na natureza
The Effect of Audit Committees on Earnings–Return Association: Evidence from Foreign Registrants in the United States

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Manuscript Type: Empirical Research Question/Issue: This study examines whether foreign registrants that choose not to establish audit committees in the US have generally lower earnings–return associations. Research Findings/Insights: Our empirical results indicate that earnings–return associations for foreign registrants without audit committees are significantly lower compared with those of their US‐matched firms which are required to establish audit committees. This result is even more pronounced after the introduction of new audit committee rules in 1999 aimed at increasing the responsibilities of audit committees. In addition, earnings–return associations of foreign registrants are found to increase following the establishment of audit committees. Overall, our results are consistent with the idea that the establishment of audit committees may be related to higher earnings–return associations. Theoretical/Academic Implications: Our empirical results suggest that foreign registrants that have chosen to establish audit committees have better earnings–return associations. This implies that the effectiveness of the audit committee in resolving agency problems is applicable to foreign companies, even though their home countries adopt non‐Anglo‐American corporate governance systems. Practitioner/Policy Implications: This study offers important insights to foreign firms listed in the US. As the choice not to form an audit committee may increase the cost of capital in the US, but save the cost of establishment in home market, the managers of foreign registrants should weigh the costs and benefit of the options and make a choice accordingly.
Liberal attachments to the unreformed metropolis

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A fresh interpretation of London's early Victorian political culture, devoting particular attention to the relationship which existed between Whigs and vestry-based radicals. In the second quarter of the nineteenth century the British capital witnessed a growing polarisation between metropolitan Whig politicians and the increasingly vocal political force of London radicalism - a tension exacerbated by urban, and in many respects specifically metropolitan, issues. Though Whiggery was a political creed based on tenets such as the defence of parliament and free trade, it has been traditionally thought out of place and out of favour in large urban settings, in part because of its association with aristocracy. By contrast, this book shows it to have been an especially potent force in the early Victorian capital where continual conflict between Whigs and radicals gave the metropolitan constituencies a singularly contested and particularly vibrant liberal political culture. From the mid-1830s, vestry-based metropolitan radicals active in local governing structures began to espouse an anti-Whig programme, aimed in part at undermining their electoral strength in the metropolitan constituencies, which emphasised the preservation and extension of "local self-government". This new cause displaced the older radical rhetorics of constitutional "purification" and "re-balance", and in so doing drove metropolitan radicalism away from its earlier associations and towards a retrenchment-obsessed and anti-aristocratic liberalism. Benjamin Weinstein is assistant professor of history at Central Michigan University.
The role of paediatric pharmacogenetic studies in Europe

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Pharmacogenetics is a newly emerging research area confronted with obvious scientific and ethical concerns not only from an academic and social perspective, but also on a regulatory level. An overview of ongoing and planned pharmacogenetic studies is needed to evaluate the current status and focus of research and to appraise the alignment of research themes relative to the unmet medical needs of the paediatric population. The objective of this review was to explore the current status, limitations and perspectives of pharmacogenomic and pharmacogenetic clinical research in the paediatric population from an academic, regulatory and industrial perspective. Results show a rather equal distribution of activities across the different research categories throughout the world. More than 50% of the research activities are related to exploratory studies aimed at establishing the connection between a given genetic trait and the risk associated with a pathology or disease. Based on this situation, we advocate for more translational and conformational studies. Moreover, there is a strong need to give appropriate attention to the methodological requirements for clinical research, which lack the scientific and statistical rigour and make study findings unsuitable for clinical purposes and often impossible to interpret. © 2009 Network of Centres for Study of Pharmaceutical Law.
Motivation can improve medication adherence in hypertension patients

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Motivation is essential in improving medication adherence in hypertensive patients. Non-adherence to medication is often a significant obstacle in the management of high blood pressure, leading to an increased risk of serious complications such as heart disease and stroke. This study analyzes the relationship between patients' motivation levels and adherence to hypertension treatment regimens. Methods: The research design used is descriptive-analytical with a cross-sectional approach to hypertensive patients in a health clinic. Data were collected through questionnaires that measured motivation and adherence to medication. Results: The results of the analysis showed that patients with high motivation had better compliance levels than those with low motivation (p < 0.05). Contributing motivational factors include family support, understanding of the benefits of treatment, and confidence in managing the hypertension condition. Conclusions: Strong motivation plays a significant role in improving medication adherence in hypertensive patients, so health workers need to strengthen the motivational aspect of patient education and counseling programs. This is expected to help reduce the risk of complications and improve the quality of life of hypertensive patients.
0 from Nonlinear system of ????????-symmetric excitations and Toda vibrations integrable by the Darboux–Bäcklund dressing method

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The nonlinear dynamics of coupled 𝒫𝒯-symmetric excitations and Toda-like vibrations on a one-dimensional lattice are studied analytically and elucidated graphically. The nonlinear exciton-phonon system as the whole is shown to be integrable in the Lax sense inasmuch as it admits the zero-curvature representation supported by the auxiliary linear problem of third order. Inspired by this fact, we have developed in detail the Darboux–Bäcklund integration technique appropriate to generate a higher-rank crop solution by dressing a lower-rank (supposedly known) seed solution. In the framework of this approach, we have found a rather non-trivial four-component analytical solution exhibiting the crossover between the monopole and dipole regimes in the spatial distribution of intra-site excitations. This effect is inseparable from the pronounced mutual influence between the interacting subsystems in the form of specific nonlinear superposition of two essentially distinct types of travelling waves. We have established the criterion of monopole-dipole transition based upon the interplay between the localization parameter of Toda mode and the inter-subsystem coupling parameter.
Situation and Trend of Sunflower Breeding

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sunflower is a new kind of industrial crop and oil crop,and has became the second biggest oil crop in the world.The article summarized the field of recently sunflower breeding,including six aspects: breeding trend,breeding for resistance,breeding to menace,quality breeding,wild sunflower utilization and transgenic sunflower to provide reference for sunflower scientists.