jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Modelling of phase lagged behaviour in fluid mechanics

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

There is common understanding that classical constitutive equations such as Fick’s and Fourier’s laws becomes invalid or inapplicable when the characteristics size of the domain becomes less than the mean free molecular path in heat transfer and energy transport process. As there are advancements in nanotechnology, trying to overcome these difficulties in heat transfer and energy transport is essential. Therefore, time-lagged models are proposed to overcome these difficulties and these models are investigated. Lagging models are based on two parameters. The heat flux and temperature gradient. The consequential model of these two lags is known as dual-phase-lag. For heat transfer problems, a time lag is introduced between the onset of temperature gradient and heat flux. This leads to hyperbolic models which were illustrated by Tzou’s dual-phase-lag model of heat conduction. The model shows that thermal energy is carried by diffusion and waves. Other models such as Kulish and Novozhilov’s integral model and Guyer-Krumhansl model are also demonstrate and confirmed that the hyperbolic energy equation is valid at small scales. A detailed background study on the classical Fourier’s law of heat conduction and Navier-Stokes equation was conducted to understand better on heat transfer and momentum transfer. As superfluid behavior was noticed during start up flows, study on superfluid was also conducted. After analyzing the various studies and research findings, the start-up flow in a nano-channel was investigated. Numerical simulation for two main parameters, the kinematic viscosity and thermal conductivity of the fluid was carried out. The two parameters were then analysed and it was found out that they had an inverse relationship. Moreover, the inverse relationship can be related to the Prandtl number. Furthermore, superfluid effects were also observed in the results. These effects usually occur at the beginning time unit and eventually diminishes causing the Pr number to reach an equilibrium of 1.
Root exudate induced microbial activities and phosphorus cycling in soil: An application of phosphate oxygen isotopes

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

&lt;p&gt;Rhizosphere is the most biologically active region between the plant and the surrounding soil where plant release their fixed carbon into the soils. Depending on the availability and types of carbon compounds released from the plant, they can directly solubilize nutrient or indirectly influence nutrient cycling by promoting increased microbial activity in the rhizosphere. In this study we applied phosphate oxygen isotope ratios (d&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;P&lt;/sub&gt;) to determine how root exudate influences temporal variation in microbial activities and P cycling in the rhizosphere. Rhizoboxes were filled with soils, watered to 75% water holding capacity and equilibrated for 10 days. After equilibration labeled phosphate isotopes synthesized using &lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O labeled water was applied. Then a mixed exudate (i.e., glucose, alanine, and oxalate in the ratio of 1:1:1) was introduced into the soil for 4, 10, and 20 days via an artificial root. We used a sequential extraction technique (i.e., resin-Pi, NaHCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-P, NaOH-P, and HCl-P) to track the fate of applied P in bulk and rhizosphere soils. The root exudate effects on the rate of P cycling and microbial activity were investigated using phosphate oxygen isotope ratios in the resin-Pi pool. Microbial community structures was determined using phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) profiles. After supplying root exudate for 4, 10, and 20 days, the results showed that bioavailable P (i.e., resin-Pi) concentration was always higher in the bulk soil compared to rhizosphere soil and originally bioavailable P transformed gradually into unavailable P (i.e., NaOH-P and HCl-P). After supplying exudate compound for 4 days, the applied PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; was mostly in the resin-Pi pool and its isotopic composition was heavier than the equilibrium isotopic composition suggesting that this Pi pool was not completely cycled by the microorganisms. As we continue supplying exudate compounds, the concentration of resin-Pi gradually decreased and as microbial activities increased, its isotopic composition got closer to the equilibrium isotopic composition. Further the microbial community structure in the rhizosphere soil after supply of root exudate were distinctly different then the bulk soil. Using phosphate oxygen isotopes this study shows the influence of root exudates on the rate of P cycling in rhizosphere soils.&lt;/p&gt;
Stereotypes and Professional Reflections on Mass Tourism: Focusing on Tour Operators, Mass Tourism Destinations and Mass Tourists

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Mass tourism is a historically significant phenomenon. For decades, it has been a source for stereotypes within academic research and in public discussions. This study addresses stereotypes of mass tourism by giving voice to travel agents and tourist guides working for mass package tour operators. They were asked to comment and reflect on the statements about phenomenon in which they are working. The Finnish socio-cultural context is discussed as well as the positionality and contextuality of the interviewees. In total, 20 interviews were conducted. The results show that there is no one way to understand these stereotypes: Both professional groups contextualized and scaled the universalist statements in multiple ways. In tourism research, more attention should be directed at how the categorization of mass tourism is done as a discursive practice and what kinds of effects it has to the theory and practice.
The DipEncoder: Enforcing Multimodality in Autoencoders

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Hartigan's Dip-test of unimodality gained increasing interest in unsupervised learning over the past few years. It is free from complex parameterization and does not require a distribution assumed a priori. A useful property is that the resulting Dip-values can be derived to find a projection axis that identifies multimodal structures in the data set. In this paper, we show how to apply the gradient not only with respect to the projection axis but also with respect to the data to improve the cluster structure. By tightly coupling the Dip-test with an autoencoder, we obtain an embedding that clearly separates all clusters in the data set. This method, called DipEncoder, is the basis of a novel deep clustering algorithm. Extensive experiments show that the DipEncoder is highly competitive to state-of-the-art methods.
Gardner Denver Machinery Inc, USA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Le fratture più comuni del carpo sono a carico dello scafoide. Le fratture acute sono classificate come fratture di tipo A (stabili) o fratture di tipo B (instabili). Le fratture di tipo B tendono a spostarsi nel gesso e il loro trattamento più efficace consiste nella fissazione interna con diverse metodiche e strumenti, che variano da semplici fili di Kirschner inseriti a mano libera a una pletora di viti complesse. Per una frattura acuta scomposta instabile dello scafoide, la scelta dipende dall’esperienza del chirurgo. La maggior parte dei chirurghi preferisce viti senza testa che rimangono al di sotto della superficie ossea e non devono essere rimosse. La scelta dell’approccio chirurgico dipende dal tipo di fissazione, dai traumi associati e dalla chirurgia pregressa. L’approccio palmare conserva l’apporto ematico del dorso della mano e consente un accesso più facile alle fratture del terzo medio o distale, ma viola i legamenti radiocarpali, non espone adeguatamente il polo prossimale ed è associato a una maggiore difficoltà nell’inserimento degli strumenti di fissazione. L’approccio dorsale permette una più facile applicazione degli strumenti di fissazione, espone il polo prossimale dello scafoide e consente un innesto osseo vascolarizzato quando necessario. Tuttavia, il potenziale ulteriore danno vascolare allo scafoide è maggiore con un approccio dorsale. La fissazione della frattura può essere ottenuta con l’inserimento a mano libera della vite o con jig di Herbert. Anche se difficile da usare, la jig assicura un corretto posizionamento della vite. Un’osteosintesi aperta dello scafoide si ottiene soltanto mediante un’esposizione aperta relativamente estesa. Per le fratture B1 o B2 con minimo spostamento o senza spostamento, particolarmente in pazienti giovani e attivi, è suggerita la fissazione percutanea. La procedura richiede una guida radiologica intraoperatoria e l’uso di accessori del sistema di Herbert, con l’eccezione della jig. Il movimento delle dita è incoraggiato dal primo giorno dopo l’intervento, mentre l’esame radiologico viene eseguito a 6 settimane e 3 mesi.
SERVQUAL as a Socio-Technical Approach to Measuring e-Government Service Quality and Guiding e-Governance Strategies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

e-Government services and e-governance have been embraced in many African countries. Nonetheless, measuring the value of e-government remains a challenge. Key to a successful evaluation of progress towards e-governance is the contextual approach, in which ICT is embedded as part of a holistic solution to governance. When carried through without considering the complementary influences of society on ICT and of ICT on society, e-government services can lead to little added value, or even to an exacerbation of societal problems and lack of progress towards e-governance. Although much has been written on e-governance in Africa, few authors have extended the discussion to measuring quality of service and lack of progress towards egovernance. In South Africa, the Batho Pele (People First) policy of service quality is the contextual approach within which e-governance is embedded, because of its good governance attributes. This article relates Batho Pele to SERVQUAL, a framework widely used to measure customer service quality in the retail sector, and adapts the framework for measuring service quality in community e-government service centres, known as Thusong Service Centres (TSC). The analysis, using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), is consistent with what is known: service quality in TSCs is low and requires regular measurement and evaluation to inform future quality improvements. The article argues that an adapted SERVQUAL instrument, taking into account Batho Pele principles and situational context, can be used as a guide to innovation in e-government service delivery. It is an appropriate sociotechnical tool to collect data to inform e-governance strategies in African countries which share the same social context as South Africa.
Effects of Foliar Applications of KNO3, ZnSO4 and MgSO4 Chelated with Citric Acid and Plastic Mulching on Gemlik (Olea europaea cv. Gemlik) Olive Cultivar

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

It was tried to indicate the effects of foliar applications of the nutrients which chelated KNO3, ZnSO4 and MgSO using with citric acid and black plastic mulching on the yield and quality measures of Gemlik olive variety. Foliar nutrition (3 000 and 6 000 ppm) was applied four times per year and the first spraying was made in October, the latter sprayings were applied before onset of flowering (March), during flowering (early June) and during the period of oil accumulation (August) in fruit. After first and last sprayings, 40 to 45 days later measurements were made and leave samples were taken. The morphological (lenght of annual shoots, leaf moisture, fruit quantity per area) and pomological (pulp weight, dry matter and oil percent of fruits) measurements were taken at the same periods. Plastic mulching was applied at the start of irrigation in June. The results showed that foliar sprayings with 6 000 ppm leaded to increase of fruit quantity per area (2,2 kg/m2). On the other hand mulching were effective for pulp weight and dry matter on fruit
The use of monolithic polymeric sorbents to simulate virus-cell interactions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A simple virus-cell complementary model system can be obtained using polymer-analogous reactions of the epoxy groups of glycidyl methacrylate-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate monolithic macroporous polymeric support and of the carboxy groups of styrene-methyl methacrylate polymeric nanospheres. The effect of thus designed microenvironment on the affinity binding parameters of virus-mimicking nanoparticles with the functionalized sorbent surface is studied by high-performance monolithic disk affinity chromatography.
Operations research: methods, models, and applications

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Preface Introduction Gerald L. Thompson G. L. Thompson: An Appreciation by William W. Cooper Linear and Nonlinear Optimization Some Aspects of Linear Programming by Stanley Zionts Multiple Working Bases for Generalized and Variable Upper Bounding Linear Programs by Amorosu B. Agbadudu and Bala V. Balachandran Principles of Model Development with Application to Slacks in DEA by Robert M. Thrall Primal and Dual Optimality in Computer Codes Using Two-Stage Solution Procedures in DEA by Victor Arnold, Indranil Bardhan, and William W. Cooper A Strict Paired Comparison Linear Programming Approach to Nonmetric Conjoint Analysis by V. Srinivasan Computational Experience with Logarithmic Barrier Methods for Linear and Nonlinear Complementarity Problems by David F. Shanno Network and Integer Programming A Pivot and Probe Algorithm (PAPA) for Network Optimization by Moonsig Kang and Jay E. Aronson Multi-Item, Multibidder, Second-Bid Auctions by Timothy L. Shaftel A Primal-Dual Algorithm for Multihour Multicommodity Network Synthesis by George G. Polak Innovation in an Industry Network: Budding, Cross-Fertilization, and Creative Destruction by Sten Thore On the Generalized Inverse of Network Matrices and Its Applications to Accounting Networks by Yuji Ijiri Using Reduction in a Parallel Algorithm for the 0-1 Knapsack Problem by W. Loots and Thenis H. C. Smith Manufacturing Optimal Strategies for General Price-Quality Decision Models of New Products with Learning Production Costs by Jinn-Tsair (James) Teng and Gerald L. Thompson The Price-Production Problem: An Operations and Marketing Interface by Cheryl Gaimon Asymptotic Optimality of Hierarchical Controls in Stochastic Manufacturing Systems: A Review by Suresh P. Sethi and Qing Zhang Analysis of a Capacitated Parallel Multiprocessor Scheduling Problem by Farid Harche Application of Parallel Computing to Resource Pricing and Scheduling in Flexible Manufacturing Systems by Alok Gupta, Dale O. Stahl, and Andrew B. Whinston Models for Tool Management in Flexible Manufacturing Systems by Bharat K. Kaku, Arjang A. Assad, and Chuan Wang
Effect of cimetidine, ranitidine and tiotidine on plasma testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels in rats.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This investigation was carried out to study the comparative effects of cimetidine, ranitidine and tiotidine on the plasma levels of testosterone and luetinizing hormone under local conditions. The three H(2)-blocking drugs were injected to the adult male albino rats twice daily at the recommended therapeutic dose levels for six weeks. The data obtained showed that only tiotidine caused a significant (<0.05) increase in the level of testosterone. However, all the three drugs caused a significant rise in the levels of luteinizing hormone with the most active ranitidine administration.
Microcredit versus Child Schooling Nexus: Exploring Child Schooling Decisions in Rural Bangladesh

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The study investigates if the microfinance loan burden influences the children’s education of the borrowers. By surveying the microfinance borrowers of Agarpur and Thakurmollik— distant rural areas under the Barisal district (Southern part of Bangladesh)— and by applying the OLS regression technique and logistic regression technique, the study identifies that the amount of microfinance loan installment does not have any significant direct effect on the dropout or enhancement of child education. Instead, the dropout tendency increases as kids move from primary to secondary or higher secondary level or as the number of kids increases in the family. However, as more kids are going to primary school, the school dropout tendency decreases. Thus, in remote rural areas, children’s school dropout appears as a matter of social behaviour rather than being an issue of microfinance loan burden.
MEDICAL EDUCATION Medical Education on Human Trafficking

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Human trafficking occurs in all 50 US states and in at least 124 countries worldwide [1, 2]. The US Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) of 2000 defines “severe forms of trafficking in persons ” as (A) sex trafficking in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such act has not attained 18 years of age; or (B) the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud, or coercion, for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery [3]. The physical and mental health impacts of human trafficking have been described widely [4-8]. They include infectious illnesses and their sequelae, such as HIV/AIDS, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), viral hepatitis, respiratory illnesses, and dental infections; exacerbations of chronic conditions such as asthma, heart disease, and diabetes; noninfectious conditions such as head injuries, fractures, lacerations, malnutrition, hearing loss, and gastrointestinal illnesses; and
Rundingan Baling 1955 dan Kesannya ke Atas Usaha Kemerdekaan Tanah Melayu

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article discusses the moments of Baling Negotiations, 1955 and their impact on the efforts towards Malayan independence. Communists were the main national threat and security needed to be restored before the country’s independence was achieved. The amnesty announced on 8 September 1955 after the Alliance’s victory in the 1955 General Election attracted the Malayan Communist Party (MCP) to hold discussions. The negotiations brought together several communist personalities such as Chin Peng, Chen Tien and Rashid Maidin with government representatives namely Tunku Abdul Rahman, Tan Cheng Lock, David Marshall and a delegation at Baling English School, Baling, Kedah. This study aims to discuss the efforts made by Tunku after the 1955 General Election and the Baling Talks to gain national independence. This study uses a qualitative approach by examining primary sources such as British Colonial Office records, archive files and newspapers. This study also refers to a number of secondary sources such as books and articles. The study shows that the efforts made by Tunku Abdul Rahman and the delegation in the Baling Talks show the seriousness of gaining the confidence of the communists. The face-to-face meeting shows the serious efforts made by the government in obtaining peace before the independence of Malaya was negotiated with the British. The results of the study found that although the communists failed to reach an agreement, further action in the form of racial compromise became a priority in the efforts to dissolve the MCP. This highlights the importance of the event which is This highlights the significant importance of the Baling Talks in the government’s efforts to demand independence for the homeland. Tunku Abdul Rahman’s credibility and firmness were one of the factors that caused the British government to relax the conditions for granting independence to its colonies.
Spillovers from Globalization on Land Use: Evidence from Madagascar

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The effect of globalization on the environment and natural resource use in developing countries is hotly debated. We contribute to this debate through the analysis of primary data collected with small contract farmers in Madagascar that produce vegetables for export to Europe. Strong spillover effects of these trade opportunities on land use exist. Using a matched plot sampling design, the productivity of rice - the main domestically consumed staple - is shown to be two thirds higher on those fields that were contracted during the off-season for the production of vegetables. This increase in yields is linked to an increase of soil fertility due to the application of fertilizer and compost which farmers would not use prior to the contracts. While agricultural output goes up significantly, labor productivity stays the same, suggesting that there is greater labor absorption on existing land and the diffusion of this type of technology contract farming at a larger scale throughout Madagascar would be expected to substantially decrease incentives to deforest by increasing wages and boosting productivity of existing lands relative to newly deforested ones.
Narratives of social orphans in Latvia: Using a life history methodology to listen to the voices of care leavers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study investigated social orphans through narratives of young people with experiences of growing up in institutional care in Latvia. The study uses the life histories of participants to explore the phenomenon of social orphans. To date, narratives about the lived experiences of social orphans in Latvia have been told in the third person, as most studies have used methodologies that kept participants passive rather than active. The research process in this study recorded 19 care leavers’ life experiences in detail and covered three main life phases: 1) Prior to living in care; 2) Living in care; 3) Life after care. A thematic analysis was employed to analyze the data. Participants’ experiences revealed some commonalities: factors that preceded children entering care, occurrences from care and life trajectories post-care. The findings also supported a deconstruction of stereotypes and dominant assumptions about orphanage care. They provide alternative narratives to what it means to grow up as a social orphan in Latvia. Notable were the strategies of self-reliance and resistance to adversity, as well as a preference for group care and a summation of what care leavers would like from professionals during care. Finally, recommendations for policy and practice are introduced; these emerged from the study findings and the positioning of the participants as ‘knowledgeable of their experience’. This rich knowledge base can be used to support and inform the practice of children moving through the institutional care system in Latvia as well as in other contexts.
Effect of Crystalline Quality on Photovoltaic Performance for ${\rm In}_{0.17}{\rm Ga}_{0.83}{\rm As}$ Solar Cell Using X-Ray Reciprocal Space Mapping

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the In 0.17 Ga 0.83 As solar cell grown on misoriented GaAs substrate (2°- and 15 ° -off) by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The crystalline quality of the In 0.17 Ga 0.83 As solar cell is determined by X-Ray reciprocal space mapping (RSM). RSM results show that the crystalline quality of In 0.17 Ga 0.83 As solar cell grown on 2°-off GaAs substrate is better than that of 15°-off GaAs substrate. Moreover, the photovoltaic performance of In 0.17 Ga 0.83 As solar cell grown on 2°-off GaAs substrate is found to be better than that of In 0.17 Ga 0.83 As solar cell grown on a 15°-off GaAs substrate, because the In x Ga 1-x As epilayer grown on 15°-off GaAs substrate shows a large strain relaxation in the active layer of the solar cell. A large strain relaxation causes high dislocation density at the initial active layer/In x Ga 1-x As graded layer interface for the solar cell grown on 15°-off GaAs substrate. The effect of dislocation defects on the solar cell performance can be alleviated using the p-i-n structure as the epilayer grown on 15°-off GaAs substrate.