jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Risk of congenital anomalies after exposure to asthma medication in the first trimester of pregnancy – a cohort linkage study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To examine the effect of maternal exposure to asthma medications on the risk of congenital anomalies. Design Meta‐analysis of aggregated data from three cohort studies. Setting Linkage between healthcare databases and EUROCAT congenital anomaly registries. Population 519 242 pregnancies in Norway (2004–2010), Wales (2000–2010) and Funen, Denmark (2000–2010). Methods Exposure defined as having at least one prescription for asthma medications issued (Wales) or dispensed (Norway, Denmark) from 91 days before to 91 days after the pregnancy start date. Odds ratios ( OR s) were estimated separately for each register and combined in meta‐analyses. Main outcome measures OR s for all congenital anomalies and specific congenital anomalies. Results Overall exposure prevalence was 3.76%. For e xposure to asthma medication in general, the adjusted OR (adj OR ) for a major congenital anomaly was 1.21 (99% CI 1.09–1.34) after adjustment for maternal age and socioeconomic position. The OR of anal atresia was significantly increased in pregnancies exposed to inhaled corticosteroids (3.40; 99% CI 1.15–10.04). For severe congenital heart defects, an increased OR (1.97; 1.12–3.49) was associated with exposure to combination treatment with inhaled corticosteroids and long‐acting beta‐2‐agonists. Associations with renal dysplasia were driven by exposure to short‐acting beta‐2‐agonists (2.37; 1.20–4.67). Conclusion The increased risk of congenital anomalies for women taking asthma medication is small with little confounding by maternal age or socioeconomic status. The study confirmed the association of inhaled corticosteroids with anal atresia found in earlier research and found potential new associations with combination treatment. The potential new associations should be interpreted with caution due to the large number of comparisons undertaken. Tweetable abstract This cohort study found a small increased risk of congenital anomalies for women taking asthma medication.
PEDAGOGICAL IMPROVISATION IN FORMING PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF THE FUTURE TEACHERS-PHILOLOGISTS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article analyzes the concept of pedagogical improvisation, clarifies its content, functions and types, determinates its role in developing professional competence of students-philologists. During the research we used the following methods: observation, analysis, interviews, mathematical statistics. The aspects of preparation of future teachers-philologists for pedagogical improvisation are highlighted, and their preparedness criteria are defined. The methodological tools of research into the level of students' ability to pedagogical improvisation are selected. The relevance of the topic is confirmed by the results of the survey of the students-philologists who are diagnosed with the level of ability to pedagogical improvisation both in the conditions of the traditional form of education and in the distance learning mode. 205 students of the specialties 035 «Philology» and 014 «Secondary Education» (Ukrainian language and literature) of Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University took part in the experiment. By means of experimental activities, the features of the influence of the pedagogical improvisation on the formation of professional competence of future teachers-philologists have been identified. It was found that the level of ability to pedagogical improvisation of students-philologists in the conditions of traditional education is higher than in the conditions of excessive stay in the virtual educational space. A step-by-step algorithm of using improvisation for development of the future teachers-philologists’ professional competence in the context of blended learning is developed.
Mass mosquito trapping for malaria control in western Kenya: study protocol for a stepped wedge cluster-randomised trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Increasing levels of insecticide resistance as well as outdoor, residual transmission of malaria threaten the efficacy of existing vector control tools used against malaria mosquitoes. The development of odour-baited mosquito traps has led to the possibility of controlling malaria through mass trapping of malaria vectors. Through daily removal trapping against a background of continued bed net use it is anticipated that vector populations could be suppressed to a level where continued transmission of malaria will no longer be possible.A stepped wedge cluster-randomised trial design was used for the implementation of mass mosquito trapping on Rusinga Island, western Kenya (the SolarMal project). Over the course of 2 years (2013-2015) all households on the island were provided with a solar-powered mosquito trapping system. A continuous health and demographic surveillance system combined with parasitological surveys three times a year, successive rounds of mosquito monitoring and regular sociological studies allowed measurement of intervention outcomes before, during and at completion of the rollout of traps. Data collection continued after achieving mass coverage with traps in order to estimate the longer term effectiveness of this novel intervention. Solar energy was exploited to provide electric light and mobile phone charging for each household, and the impacts of these immediate tangible benefits upon acceptability of and adherence to the use of the intervention are being measured.This study will be the first to evaluate whether the principle of solar-powered mass mosquito trapping could be an effective tool for elimination of malaria. If proven to be effective, this novel approach to malaria control would be a valuable addition to the existing strategies of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets and case management. Sociological studies provide a knowledge base for understanding the usage of this novel tool.Trialregister.nl: NTR3496 - SolarMal. Registered on 20 June 2012.
Left Ventricular Receptors Inhibit Brain Serotonin Neurons During Coronary Artery Occlusion

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Acute coronary artery ligation in pargyline-treated rats decreased serotonin and increased 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the medulla and posterior hypothalamus. Lidocaine applied topically to the left ventricle completely prevented these alterations. No changes in serotonin were observed in the other brain regions examined. These data suggest a reflex inhibition of bulbar and hypothalamic serotonergic nerves by left ventricular receptors following acute coronary artery occlusion in the rat.
NEW PRICES

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAdvertisementNEXTNEW PRICESCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1955, 33, 34, 3477Publication Date (Print):August 22, 1955Publication History Published online5 November 2010Published inissue 22 August 1955https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v033n034.p3477Copyright © 1955 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views59Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (128 KB) Get e-Alerts
Food and feeding habits of Channa species from East Godavari District (Andhra Pradesh)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A comparative study on the food and feeding habits of three Channa species from different ponds, tanks and canals of Kothapeta mandal revealed that the feeding habits of Channa orientalis are different from that of C. punctatus and C. striatus. The preferential feeding habits of the three species have been highlighted. The relation between different maturity stages and feeding intensity is also presented.
A smart door access system using finger print biometric system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Previously, for high security areas or in locker rooms for banks, traditional lock systems, passwords, etc., were employed. However, these systems were found to be not perfectly secure. After advancements in technology RFID cards were used. These cards however were not much useful for the user due to chances of getting lost, stolen and forgotten. The purpose of this study is to provide high security for such high end security applications. The aim of this study is to design a smart door access system using finger print module. The use of this device is to provide access to only authorised persons. Both hardware and software technology are used to design it. An emergency beep sound is provided to protect the system by giving alarm if any unauthorised person intrudes into the system. An indicator indicates for any emergency condition. Motors are used for locking and unlocking the door.
Network recrystallization in a supercritical fluid

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNetwork recrystallization in a supercritical fluidD. C. Steytler, P. S. Moulson, S. A. Clark, and M. L. ParkerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 25, 8748–8750Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100388a002https://doi.org/10.1021/j100388a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views53Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Effect of Reinforcement of Response on Internal Consistency of Selected Wisc-R Subtests

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

An experimental study of 120 educable mentally retarded subjects was undertaken to examine the differential effects of three types of reinforcers (verbal praise, token, and verbal neutral) and two levels of schedule of reinforcement (continuous and fixed ratio) on the Arithmetic, Picture Completion, and Block Design subtests from the WISC-R. Although the pattern of coefficients was similar for the two schedule conditions, there was a trend for the fixed ratio schedule to result in a greater number of attempted items and higher coefficients of internal consistency. The superiority of any type of reinforcer treatment was not demonstrated.
Truly Proximal Policy Optimization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Proximal policy optimization (PPO) is one of the most successful deep reinforcement-learning methods, achieving state-of-the-art performance across a wide range of challenging tasks. However, its optimization behavior is still far from being fully understood. In this paper, we show that PPO could neither strictly restrict the likelihood ratio as it attempts to do nor enforce a well-defined trust region constraint, which means that it may still suffer from the risk of performance instability. To address this issue, we present an enhanced PPO method, named Truly PPO. Two critical improvements are made in our method: 1) it adopts a new clipping function to support a rollback behavior to restrict the difference between the new policy and the old one; 2) the triggering condition for clipping is replaced with a trust region-based one, such that optimizing the resulted surrogate objective function provides guaranteed monotonic improvement of the ultimate policy performance. It seems, by adhering more truly to making the algorithm proximal - confining the policy within the trust region, the new algorithm improves the original PPO on both sample efficiency and performance.
Additional file 6: of Maternal care in Acanthosomatinae (Insecta: Heteroptera: Acanthosomatidae)—correlated evolution with morphological change

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Format: nexus. Title: Data matrix for parsimonious reconstruction of the two traits (maternal care and Pendegrast’s organ) on 53 species, including species with missing data. (NEX 20 kb)
Increased Number of IgG Fc Receptors on Monocyte‐Enriched Peripheral Blood Leucocytes from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The number of free Fc receptors (FcR) per cell and the association constant (K ass ) for the binding of monomeric IgG were determined for monocyte‐enriched peripheral blood mononuclear cells, isolated from 16 patients with active classical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and from 15 normal healthy donors. The assay system was based on binding under equili brium conditions of 125 I‐labelled monomeric rabbit IgG to monocytes purified from peripheral blood on a continuous gradient of Petcoll. Monocytes from 14 untreated RA patients (6 seropositive, 8 seronegative) expressed on the average 4.8±1.3 × 10 4 FcR/cell. This number was significantly higher (P<0.01) than that found in the control group (3.46±0.7 × 10 4 FcR/cell). There was also a significant difference between the mean K ass of the RA group and the control group‐2.1±0.7 × 10 3 1/mol and 2.6±1.0 × 10 3 1/mol, respectively (0.05 >P> 0.01). Two seropositive RA patients receiving systemic treatment with penicillamine expressed the same number of FcR/cell as the mean of the control group (3.6 ± 10 4 ). Levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC) and of the complement‐factor C3 split product C3d were also measured. No correlation was found between the number of FcR/cell and the concentration of C3d, but there was a weak correlation between the number of FcR/ccll and the level of CIC.
Assessment of the effects of gabapentin on activity levels and owner-perceived mobility impairment and quality of life in osteoarthritic geriatric cats

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract OBJECTIVE Toevaluate effects of gabapentin on activity levels and owner-perceived mobility impairment and quality of life (QOL) in osteoarthritic geriatric cats. DESIGN Blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover-design study. ANIMALS 20 osteoarthritic cats (≥ 10 years old). PROCEDURES Cats received gabapentin (10 mg/kg [4.5 mg/lb]) or placebo treatment, PO, every 12 hours for 2 weeks, followed by the alternate treatment (with no washout period). Activity was assessed with a collar-mounted accelerometer. A client-specific outcome measure (CSOM) questionnaire was used weekly to collect owner assessments of 3 selected activities in which their cats had impaired mobility; QOL ratings (worse, the same, or improved) following crossover to each treatment and for the overall study period were collected at the end of the investigation. Activity counts, CSOM and QOL data, and deterioration in impaired activities (ie, decrease of ≥ 2 points in CSOM scores) associated with treatment crossover were assessed statistically. Adverse events were recorded. RESULTS Gabapentin administration was associated with significantly lower mean daily activity counts (48,333 vs 39,038 counts/d) and significantly greater odds (approx 3-fold change) of CSOM ratings indicating improvement in impaired activities, compared with results for the placebo treatment. A greater proportion of cats had deterioration in impaired activities after the crossover from gabapentin to placebo than when the opposite occurred, but the proportion of cats with worsened QOL did not differ between sequences. Adverse events were noted for 10 cats (9 that completed the study) during gabapentin treatment (sedation, ataxia, weakness, and muscle tremors) and 1 cat during placebo treatment (lethargy). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Gabapentin treatment was associated with improvement in owner-identified impaired activities of osteoarthritic cats. Activity levels were lower than those during placebo treatment, and sedation was the most common adverse effect.
20 years of Tm:Ho:YLF and LuLF Laser Development for Global Winds Measurements

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

NASA Langley Research Center has a long history of developing 2 μm lasers. From fundamental spectroscopy research, theoretical prediction of new materials, laser demonstration and engineering of lidar systems, it has been a very successful program spanning around two decades. This article covers the program development from the early research to the present instrumentation. A brief historical perspective of Tm:Ho work by early researchers is also given.
Cross-Cultural Markets and Consumer Behaviors: The Case of China and Turkey

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT China and Turkey both experienced economic liberalization at nearly the same time, and created multibillion-dollar emerging markets. The two countries with varied socioeconomic backgrounds share similar developing market segments. Prevailing middle-tier markets appear promising, yet challenging. Both countries are growing economically with respective trade infrastructures, increasingly well-educated consumers who make more intelligent purchasing choices, and influential young-generation consumers. This article considers the business contexts of the two environments and highlights consumer behaviors and changing consumption patterns. Cultural sensitivity, product innovation, consumer segmentation, quality and price, and direct competition with home companies are some of the remaining challenges.
In-vitro Propagation of Datura innoxia from Nodal and Shoot Tip Explants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present paper describes a prime and easy-to-use protocol for large scale production of plantlets through shoot tip culture of Datura innoxia, the plant having phytoremediation potential and the method is useful for the ex-situ conservation of other phytoremediational important species. A simple micro-propagation method from nodal and shoot tip explants were reported here for Datura innoxia, at contaminated site nearby Bhopal. This plant is having considerable high phytoremediation potential. There are only few research papers about the plant regeneration from nodal segments of Datura innoxia. Therefore, by considering the pharmaceutical and phytoremediation importance of this plant, it is necessary to provide efficient tissue culture protocols for it. The plant regeneration from nodal segments is considered to be one of the most promising ways for multiplying a selected variety true to its type showing the same agronomic characteristics. Here multiple shoots were induced in vitro from the stem nodal and shot tip segments on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) alone or in combination with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and kinetin (KIN). High frequency of micro shoots were obtained from the explants on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of BAP (0.1 to 1.0mg/l) along with NAA. The nodal explants produced the highest number (3 per shoot) of shoots per culture with a mean length of approximate 4.5cm. The shoot tip explants produced maximum number of (6 to 7) shoots per culture on the same medium, average length of the in vitro shoots being approximate 4 cm. Moreover, the nodal segment, which had a pre-existing meristem, is suitable for clonal propagation because it is easily manipulated, has a high proliferation rate and maintains clonal fidelity. This tissue culture protocol helps to regenerate large number of Datura innoxia plantlets having hyper accumulator properties for heavy metals.
SH1146910.09FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
What is the Connection Between Aboriginal Education and Aboriginal Health

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper reviews some international research which examines the impact that various indicators of socioeconomic status (SES), and especially education levels, appear to have on peoples’ health. In particular, it examines the work on ‘health transitions’, and its relevance to issues in Indigenous health in Australia. It then canvasses some theoretical, methodological and ethical issues involved in undertaking similar research in relation to the connections between education levels and health status among Indigenous peoples in Australia. The paper concludes by outlining several options for pursuing research of this type within the [Cooperative Research Centre for Aboriginal and Tropical Health] CRCATH program.