jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
3-D Heterogeneous Integration of RRAM-Based Compute-In-Memory: Impact of Integration Parameters on Inference Accuracy

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Three-dimensional heterogeneous integration (3-D-HI) has been proposed as a potential method to stack a large amount of embedded memory required in state-of-the-art compute-in-memory (CIM) artificial intelligence (AI) accelerators. While embedded nonvolatile memory, such as resistive RAM (RRAM), is a promising alternative to static random access memory (SRAM)/dynamic random access memory (DRAM) as a CIM synaptic device owing to high density, low leakage, and nondestructive read, thermal-induced device conductance drift remains a challenge. High-temperature-driven lower retention can be more significant in dense memory-logic 3-D integration due to increased volumetric power, which has not been studied in prior work. The scope of this work is to quantify the thermal impact of different 3-D-HI architectures on the reliability of 3-D-integrated binary RRAM devices for CIM applications. A device-integration-application reliability evaluation methodology is proposed, using which 3-D integration architectures and logic-memory partitioning configurations are benchmarked. Due to higher junction temperatures for memory tier in both five-tier monolithic 3-D (M3D) and five-tier through silicon via (TSV)-based 3-D compared to the 2-D baseline, the drop in inference accuracy at ten years is $\approx 80$ %. For our assumed device, integration, and application parameters, a three-tier configuration provides a balanced design option between thermal and application performance. The integrated benchmark framework is released on GitHub ( https://github.com/i3dsystems/3D_CIM_thermal_v1.0 ) as an open-source tool for the research community.
Separation techniques for distillery stillage treatment

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The separation of stillage was tested by means of the pilot plantARNO600-BIO using three-channel ceramic membranes with the pore diameter range from microfiltration to ultrafiltration (1.4 µm-5 kDa). The permeate from the last membrane step was able to be recycled as technological water. The best results were achieved in the arrangement of series using 0.2 µm membrane as the first step supplemented by ultra-filtration membranes (50 kDa and 15 kDa), predominantly, where the reduction of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) extended 80%. With this process, we try to get some advantages over the conventional process in terms of eliminating both land and energy costs for the wastewater treatment process and improving the quality of the discharge water. The main goal in this study is to analyse different separation steps and conditions to find both the best separation options for the decrease of the final volume of distillery stillage, and the way how to make the bio ethanol production more profitable.
Factor VII activating protease ( FSAP ) inhibits the outcome of ischemic stroke in mouse models

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract The outcome of ischemic stroke can be improved by further refinements of thrombolysis and reperfusion strategies. Factor VII activating protease (FSAP) is a circulating serine protease that could be important in this context. Its levels are raised in patients as well as mice after stroke and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the coding sequence, which results in an inactive enzyme, is linked to an increased risk of stroke. In vitro, FSAP cleaves fibrinogen to promote fibrinolysis, activates protease‐activated receptors, and decreases the cellular cytotoxicity of histones. Based on these facts, we hypothesized that FSAP can be used as a treatment for ischemic stroke. A combination of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a thrombolytic drug, and recombinant serine protease domain of FSAP (FSAP‐SPD) improved regional cerebral perfusion and neurological outcome and reduced infarct size in a mouse model of thromboembolic stroke. FSAP‐SPD also improved stroke outcomes and diminished the negative consequences of co‐treatment with tPA in the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke without altering cerebral perfusion. The inactive MI‐isoform of FSAP had no impact in either model. FSAP enhanced the lysis of blood clots in vitro, but in the tail transection model of hemostasis, FSAP‐SPD treatment provoked a faster clotting time indicating that it also has pro‐coagulant actions. Thus, apart from enhancing thrombolysis, FSAP has multiple effects on stroke progression and represents a promising novel therapeutic strategy in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
Noise exposure and children’s blood pressure and heart rate: the RANCH project

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Conclusions that can be drawn from earlier studies on noise and children’s blood pressure are limited due to inconsistent results, methodological problems, and the focus on school noise exposure. Objectives: To investigate the effects of aircraft and road traffic noise exposure on children’s blood pressure and heart rate. Methods: Participants were 1283 children (age 9–11 years) attending 62 primary schools around two European airports. Data were pooled and analysed using multilevel modelling. Adjustments were made for a range of socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. Results: After pooling the data, aircraft noise exposure at school was related to a statistically non-significant increase in blood pressure and heart rate. Aircraft noise exposure at home was related to a statistically significant increase in blood pressure. Aircraft noise exposure during the night at home was positively and significantly associated with blood pressure. The findings differed between the Dutch and British samples. Negative associations were found between road traffic noise exposure and blood pressure, which cannot be explained. Conclusion: On the basis of this study and previous scientific literature, no unequivocal conclusions can be drawn about the relationship between community noise and children’s blood pressure.
Perspectives of polylactic acid from structure to applications

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The demand for an adoption of renewable resources rather than finitely available non renewable sources for industrial purposes are rising, with the growing environmental constraints. Polymers being one of the crucial part of almost all the industries, pioneer in the list of sources needed for various applications. This makes polymers that can be obtained from renewable sources being studied widely and are anticipated to make a revolution in the field of packaging industry, medical field, and automobile industry. Polylactic acid (PLA) is one among such biopolymers, which is an aliphatic polyester derived from lactic acid (2-hydroxypropionic acid), that find wide applications in food packaging industry, tissue scaffolding, and biomedical devices. This paper focuses on an in-depth review on polylactic acid, its structure, and various properties of PLA. The details of different polymer blends/composites based on PLA are also discussed here. The fields of applications, where PLA is being utilized and the future scopes of the polymer are also studied.
Improving the Accuracy of a Heliocentric Potential (HCP) Prediction Model for the Aviation Radiation Dose

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The space radiation dose over air routes including polar routes should be carefully considered, especially when space weather shows sudden disturbances such as coronal mass ejections (CMEs), flares, and accompanying solar energetic particle events. We recently established a heliocentric potential (HCP) prediction model for real-time operation of the CARI-6 and CARI-6M programs. Specifically, the HCP value is used as a critical input value in the CARI-6/6M programs, which estimate the aviation route dose based on the effective dose rate. The CARI-6/6M approach is the most widely used technique, and the programs can be obtained from the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). However, HCP values are given at a one month delay on the FAA official webpage, which makes it difficult to obtain real-time information on the aviation route dose. In order to overcome this critical limitation regarding the time delay for space weather customers, we developed a HCP prediction model based on sunspot number variations (Hwang et al. 2015). In this paper, we focus on improvements to our HCP prediction model and update it with neutron monitoring data. We found that the most accurate method to derive the HCP value involves (1) real-time daily sunspot assessments, (2) predictions of the daily HCP by our prediction algorithm, and (3) calculations of the resultant daily effective dose rate. Additionally, we also derived the HCP prediction algorithm in this paper by using ground neutron counts. With the compensation stemming from the use of ground neutron count data, the newly developed HCP prediction model was improved.
Preliminary evaluation of breeding perspectives of Ukrainian sweet cherry cultivars: nutraceutical properties and self-incompatibility

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Some traditional sweet cherry cultivars of Ukrainian origin may represent perspective material for Hungarian cherry breeding.A total of eight cultivars analysed represent great diversity in several phenotypic traits including fruit ripening time or fruit flesh colour.Considerable differences in the anthocyanin content may result in different antioxidant capacity of fruits. In the present study, we used ferricreducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and total phenolic content (TPC) assays to characterize fruits’ nutraceutical properties. These values werecompared with the respective values measured for eight commercial cultivars grown in Hungary. The average of FRAP and TPC values washigher for the Ukrainian cherries compared with commercial cultivars suggesting they might be included in functional breeding programs.Since, cherry is a self-incompatible species, the determination of S-genotype is required for both breeding and successful cultivar associationin commercial orchards. Complete or partial S-genotypes were determined for 5 and 3 cultivars, respectively.
Succeeding in the Psychology Major

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This chapter examines the nature of academic work within psychology. It identifies common difficulties that students experience in completing this academic work and examines ways to prepare for addressing these challenges. The chapter describes strategies for succeeding in the psychology major, with emphasis given to utilizing available resources. Adjusting to the demands and expectations for academic work within the psychology major can lead to difficulties. It is also helpful to develop an awareness of some of the common challenges that psychology majors encounter. Many students experience difficulties in understanding the scientific basis of psychology. Another challenge students may confront is the degree of independent learning that must take place in the psychology major. One aspect of the writing process that many students find challenging is searching the existing psychological literature for sources of information. Academic difficulties and obstacles will certainly arise at points along the way.
OP01.06: Intrapartum sonography for the diagnosis of persistent occiput posterior position and the progression angle in the second stage of labour

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To investigate the role of intrapartum ultrasound for persistent occiput posterior (OP) position and the angle of progression to evaluate head descent. In a prospective, pilot, cohort study, 110 women were evaluated during the second stage of labour and underwent transabdominal and translabial ultrasound. Occiput position at birth was also recorded. The following parameters were assessed: occiput position, spinal column position and angle of progression at the time of pushing. The analysis was based on 84 patients. Seventy-four were enrolled during the first stage of labour and were followed up to the second, whereas 10 women were enrolled during the second stage of labour. The fetal head was in an OA position in 21 (28%) women, OT right and left in 15 (20%) women and OP position in 38 (52%) women during the first stage of labour. In this stage the column was posterior in 7 (9%) women. Considering the second stage of labour 23 (27%) women presented a fetal head in OP position at ultrasound examination and 7 (8%) had fetal spine in posterior position. Six babies were born in OP position. Ultrasound evaluation of column position in the second stage of labour has 100% sensitivity, 98.7% specificity, 85.7% positive predictive value and 100% negative predictive value. In all women an angle of progression greater than 120° was associated with head engagement. Angle of progression increases when vaginal deliveries occurred. Among patients who underwent Cesarean section the angle was less than 100°. The knowledge of column position in the second stage of labour may predict OP position at delivery. The evaluation of angle of progression is an easy and precise landmark to assess the true fetal head station. The possibility to predict occiput rotation and fetal head station by angle of progression evaluation represent an important challenge and may help the clinicians in labour management and operative deliveries.
Protecting Prisoners from Harmful Research

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Improving the conditions under which incarcerated populations give "informed consent" is a desirable goal given prisoners' lack of autonomy; part of the Institutional Review Board's (IRB) procedures is the inclusion of representative voices from the prisoner population as a mechanism to reduce harms. The most recent review of the ethics of research on prisoners by the Institute of Medicine recommends an expanded role for prisoner involvement, outlining a collaborative research approach involving prisoners as active participants in all aspects of the research, including design, planning and implementation, not just at the IRB stage. In this paper, we briefly outline the existing state of IRB protections for prisoners selected for research, and focus on the effectiveness of prisoner representatives in this process. We suggest that there are weaknesses within the existing system such that representation may provide little more than ideological legitimation for the process. Moreover, we argue that while the Institute of Medicine's recommendations mark a major improvement in protection vis-à-vis prisoner representation, it does not go far enough in articulating the process whereby the voices of prisoners, their advocates or their representatives are included in the different stages of the process. In short, we question whether "being heard" is enough. We suggest that research needs to be conducted to more extensively map the scope of this issue and to raise some critical questions in order to improve the effectiveness of the ethical considerations for research on prisoners, as well as the IRB process and any post-IRB oversight, in protecting this vulnerable population.
Developing an Effective Crisis Media Plan Abstract

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Irrespective of their purpose or the structure, an organisation’s reputation or brand is one of their most important assets. Organisations constantly strive for greater brand recognition using public relations and advertising strategies; however, the coverage by the media can be disappointing. It is therefore ironic, that when a crisis erupts and the media comes knocking on their door, the first reaction can be ‘No comment’! Every organisation has the potential to be scrutinised by the media and the public and should be prepared. A media plan, as part of an organisations crisis management plan, will ensure that the agency will be able to build on the positive publicity generated by incidents that attract significant media interest. This paper will examine the advantages of developing a crisis media plan, the issues involved in formulating a plan and its relationship to the crisis management plan. While this approach was developed for the emergency response environment, many of the strategies have relevance to other organisations. Every organisation needs to take every opportunity to promote their brand and a properly managed crisis can provide such an occasion.
Genome-wide identification and characterisation of Aquaporin s in Rosa chinensis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aquaporins (AQPs) are small integral membrane proteins that facilitate the efficient transport of small solutes like water, metalloids, urea, and CO2 across the membrane. Plant aquaporins are known to be involved in vital physiological processes like seed germination, stomatal movement, cell elongation, and reproductive growth. In the present study, 36 AQPs were identified through genome-wide computational analysis performed in the rose genome. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis classified the AQPs into five subfamilies, including 10 Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), 8 Tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs), 9 Nodulin intrinsic proteins (NIPs), 3 Small intrinsic proteins (SIPs), and 6 uncharacterised intrinsic proteins (XIPs). Based on the prediction of silicon solute specificity, one of the NIPs is predicted to be a silicon transporter. Structural analysis revealed the characteristic six trans-membrane domains and two-half alpha helix harbouring two conserved NPA motifs in the majority of the predicted AQPs. The protein tertiary structures predicted with homology-based modelling were used to study the pore lining remains and to predict the solute transport activity of the AQPs. Expression profiling of the rose AQPs showed tissue-specific expression of many members. The data provided here will help in understanding the AQP-based solute transport system in roses and other related species.
ChemInform Abstract: New Isoxazole Derivatives Designed as Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Ligand Candidates.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Time- and charge-dependent atom-atom potentials for vibronic coupling in nonequilibrium electronic states

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In an attempt to characterize vibronic effects in anharmonic solids, an approach to electron-vibrational coupling is developed that is not based on an expansion, in atomic displacements, of the electron-nuclei interaction. This approach avoids the linear and quadratic coupling limitations of standard polaron models. It uses experimentally known (or calculated by quantum chemistry methods) potentials for clusters of atoms in different ionic states of the cluster, and explores the idea of potentials at fractional electron densities. The advantages of the approach are illustrated for the case of strong coupling in anharmonic situations, where the expansion approaches fail.
A comparative assessment of oral health-related quality of life of children born with orofacial clefts in Sudan and their caregivers'

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Cleft lip and palate(CL/P)is the most common orofacial malformation affecting one in every 700–1000 newborns worldwide. The aim of the study wasto evaluate the impact of CL/P on health- related quality of life (OHRQoL) in Sudanese children and the level of concordance between caregivers' and children and to investigate correlates of the caregivers' perceptions of OHRQoL with that of their children. Methods The sample consisted of 75 children with clefts (age range 8–16 years), (46 male, 29 female) and their caregivers' attending University of Science and Technology Dental Teaching Hospital. The children and their caregivers' were interviewed separately. The interview consisted of 38 questions adopted from the COHIP (Arabic version).The level of concordance between caregivers' and children was compared using paired t -tests and intraclass correlations. Predictive validity was assessed using Pearson correlations and linear regression analyses. Results The translated COHIP and its subscales, had Cronbach' alphas score ranged between (0.65 and 0.75) for caregivers' and children with cleft. COHIP scores for children and caregivers' were (89.41 ± 19.97) and (94.34 ± 19.52) respectively. Caregivers' and children differed significantly in the overall COHIP and oral symptoms subscale. There were high correlations between caregivers' and children ranged from (0.63 to 0.87). The correlation between all subscales was statistically significant ( p = 0.05). Conclusions Caregivers' had higher perceptions of oral symptoms and overall COHIP compared to their children using the Arabic version of the COHIP. Caregiver's reports have to be considered complementary to the reports of their children themselves.
Evaluation of NETosis (Neutrophil Extracellular Traps) biomarkers in smokers and nonsmokers periodontitis patients

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Background To evaluate the NETosis biomarkers citrullinated histone H3 (citH3), neutrophil elastase (ELA), calprotectin (CALPRO), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) as indicators of inflammation in the severe stages of periodontitis III and IV in both (smokers and nonsmokers) patients, and to determine the correlation between NETosis biomarkers and clinical periodontal parameters. Methods This study recruited male subjects with an age range of (20-60) years; 60 were stage III and stage IV periodontitis patients, 30 were cigarette smoker, and 30 were nonsmokers. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria to evaluate their eligibility for recruitment, 25 control subjects with a healthy periodontal status and good oral hygiene maintenance were included. Unstimulated saliva was obtained and evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the following periodontal parameters were documented: [plaque index, bleeding on probing, periodontal pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss]. Results The mean levels of all salivary NETosis biomarkers citH3, ELA, CALPRO, and MPO were elevated in the periodontitis groups (smokers and nonsmokers) than in controls. Moreover, the mean NETosis biomarker‘s mean levels were significantly higher in smoker than in nonsmokers. In addition, the correlations were significant between CALPRO and CitH3 in smokers and between ELA and CitH3 in nonsmokers. Conclusions The results of this study showed that the chosen salivary biomarkers of NETosis revealed elevated clinical accuracy in differentiating the studied periodontitis groups (smokers and nonsmokers) from controls. In addition, cigarette smoking increases the risk of periodontitis, and neutrophils in smokers with periodontitis exhibited more susceptibility to form neutrophil extracellular traps when compared with nonsmokers.