jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Non-adherence to antihypertensive medication and impaired cognition: which comes first?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective Antihypertensive medications are important in the prevention of serious consequences of hypertension, such as stroke and heart failure. Up to one-third of elderly hypertensive patients, however, do not adhere to their medication. Adherence to medication decreases with increasing age, and with decreasing cognitive ability, thus elderly, cognitively-impaired patients have poorer control of blood pressure. Good control of blood pressure is associated with decreased prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. This study assessed the evidence that antihypertensive medications have effects on the prevalence or severity of mild cognitive impairment, dementia or Alzheimer's disease. Methods The ISI Web of Knowledge database was searched; including replicates, the nine searches identified 14 400 publications since 1952, of which 9.9% had been published in 2009. This review considers the 18 studies meeting the set criteria published in 2009 or later. Key findings Not all antihypertensive medications are equivalent in their positive cognitive effects, with brain-penetrating angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and possibly angiotensin receptor antagonists being the most effective. Conclusions Based on evidence of blood-pressure control and cost, UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guidelines recommend calcium-channel blockers or thiazide-type diuretics for the treatment of hypertension in patients over 55 years. These guidelines take no account of the potential cognitive effects of the antihypertensive therapies, consideration of which might lead to a review. There may be benefit in stressing that adherence to antihypertensive medication not only decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease and death, but may also decrease the risk or severity of mild cognitive impairment, dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
Ethnic tourism attractions and their prospect for sustainable development at two sites in China and Canada

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research explores ethnic tourism attractions. Two cases in China and Canada are compared and analysed to provide insights into the sustainability of this kind of tourism practice. Attention is directed toward the attractions' development processes, social/cultural issues, and development strategies. A qualitative approach is used to interview fifteen individuals from the state, tourism business, and ethnic groups. The interview data are supplemented with field notes and printed documents. Findings suggest that ethnic tourism attractions do offer promising mechanisms, but sustainability depends on a delicate balance between economic and cultural interests. Failure to achieve this balance may result in an unsuccessful commercial venture or in a substantial decline in ethnic culture ending with assimilation.
Factors associated with knowledge about the health effects of exposure to secondhand smoke among youth in Bangladesh

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Despite the high prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure among Bangladeshi adults, little is known about the knowledge regarding the health effects of exposure to secondhand smoke among the youth aged 15-24 years in Bangladesh. Against this background, the present study was conducted among the youth in Bangladesh to ascertain their levels of knowledge regarding health effects of secondhand smoke and its associated factors.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 656 respondents between the age of 15-24 years old selected by multistage cluster sampling. This study was conducted in Dhaka Division, Bangladesh. Data was analyzed using Chi square testing and multivariate logistic regression.Results: The proportion of good, average and poor knowledge scores among respondents were 30.5%, 50.0% and 19.5% respectively. Age and education were significant independent predictors of good knowledge. Furthermore, education and gender were tended as independent predictor of average knowledge. OR for age: 1.12 (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.25); OR for education: 1.27 (95% CI: 1.15 to 1.40).Conclusions: Overall, the results of this study found that less than one-third of the youth had a good level of knowledge on secondhand smoke health effects. The government needs to focus more on less-educated individuals and adolescents if a successful policy is to be implemented.
Deviance, Constructionist Perspectives

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Constructionist perspectives are ways of viewing reality as a human cognitive or social production. The extent to which reality is seen as having an independent existence outside the human mind or social processes distinguishes different versions of constructionist theory, as does whether the construction occurs individually or socially. Individual or personal constructionism refers to how humans make cognitive meaning of their experiences of their environment. Social constructionism is about how people interactively make sense of their world by defining it and categorizing it, by representing it through language, symbols, maps, etc., and by acting toward the representations as though they were real.
Erection,Launching and Arrival Technology of Slurry Shield Machine in Deep Shafts

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Erection,launching and arrival of shield machines are critical processes of the complete tunnel construction by means of shield machines.The launching and arrival of the shield machines must be conducted in such a way that the shield machines should pass through the pre-built portals smoothly, safely and rapidly and good construction prerequisite should be provided for the following construction activities.A slurry shield machine is adopted for the construction of the Yangtze River Crossing tunnel in Chongqing,which is one part of Chongqing Urban Environment Protection Project.This paper presents the detailed processes of the erection,launching and arrival of the shield machine in deep shafts.
Tuning Electrical Conduction Along Endothelial Tubes of Resistance Arteries Through Ca 2+ -Activated K + Channels

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Rationale: Electrical conduction through gap junction channels between endothelial cells of resistance vessels is integral to blood flow control. Small and intermediate-conductance Ca 2+ -activated K + channels (SK Ca /IK Ca ) initiate electrical signals in endothelial cells, but it is unknown whether SK Ca /IK Ca activation alters signal transmission along the endothelium. Objective: We tested the hypothesis that SK Ca /IK Ca activity regulates electrical conduction along the endothelium of resistance vessels. Methods and Results: Freshly isolated endothelial cell tubes (60 μm wide; 1–3 mm long; cell length, ≈35 μm) from mouse skeletal muscle feed (superior epigastric) arteries were studied using dual intracellular microelectrodes. Current was injected (±0.1–3 nA) at site 1 while recording membrane potential (V m ) at site 2 (separation distance=50–2000 μm). SK Ca /IK Ca activation (NS309, 1 μmol/L) reduced the change in V m along endothelial cell tubes by ≥50% and shortened the electrical length constant (λ) from 1380 to 850 μm ( P <0.05) while intercellular dye transfer (propidium iodide) was maintained. Activating SK Ca /IK Ca with acetylcholine or SKA-31 also reduced electrical conduction. These effects of SK Ca /IK Ca activation persisted when hyperpolarization (>30 mV) was prevented with 60 mmol/L [K + ] o . Conversely, blocking SK Ca /IK Ca (apamin+charybdotoxin) depolarized cells by ≈10 mV and enhanced electrical conduction (ie, changes in V m ) by ≈30% ( P <0.05). Conclusions: These findings illustrate a novel role for SK Ca /IK Ca activity in tuning electrical conduction along the endothelium of resistance vessels by governing signal dissipation through changes in membrane resistance. Voltage-insensitive ion channels can thereby tune intercellular electrical signaling independent from gap junction channels.
Role of micronutrients in vegetable production: A review

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The nutrient elements which are required comparatively in small quantities are called as micro or minor nutrients or trace elements. Micronutrients are essentially as important as macronutrients to have better growth, yield and quality in plants. Proper plant nutrition is essential for successful production of vegetable crops. Integrated supply of micronutrients with macronutrients in adequate amount and suitable proportions is one of the most important factors that control the plant growth in vegetable crops. Micronutrients which are essential for all higher plants are boron (B), chlorine (Cl), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo) and nickel (Ni). Micronutrients like Cl, Cu, Fe and Mn are involved in various photosynthetic processes and Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn are associated with various enzymatic activities, Mo is specific for nitrate reductase only. Boron is associated with the carbohydrate metabolism and reproductive phase of the plants along with photosynthesis or enzymatic activities. Judicious use of micronutrients is essential for vegetable cultivation to get maximum yield of high quality produce. Plants differ in their need for micronutrients. In this review, we focus on the major functions of mineral micronutrients in vegetable production.
Semantic and Stylistic Features of Kant’s Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and the Sublime: The Art of    Seeing and Describing an Object

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Immanuel Kant’s Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and the Sublime is examined in the context of the emergence of the epistemological practice of scientific observation. By focusing on the genre-stylistic and semantic-structural features of the text the authors demonstrate the mechanisms of observation as well as the methods of describing the results characteristic of mid-eighteenth century science. The authors consider Kant’s treatise to be a hybrid text: on the one hand, it attests to the importance of the natural science paradigm and the degree of its influence on the humanities in the modern period; and, on the other hand, it bears witness to the multi-genre character of philosophical treatises, combining as they do the considered and serious wisdom of philosophy, the precision of scientific terminology and the figurativeness of a work of fiction. Kant is perceived not only as a researcher and philosopher capable of bringing out the essence of the particular and changeable captured in observation, but as a writer with a consummate command of the apparatus for keeping the reader’s attention through linguistic devices and practices of image-creating. The authors demonstrate how the categories of the “beautiful” and “sublime” become a general framework for the description of the moral and mental properties of human nature. The authors show that Kant’s use of “aesthetic” wording in the title of his treatise does not announce that his aim is analysis of artistic perception and practices, but mainly refers to the form of his anthropological study and conceptualisation of scientific knowledge. Kant has transferred the technique of visualisation from natural sciences to the objects of philosophical inquiry, thus contributing to the development in the humanities of representative practices, the scientific method of observation as well as the corresponding epistemic and literary genre.
Abstracts from Current Literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Location and attribute analysis of ceramics, lithics, and special finds recovered during 2015 surveys and excavations in Olgulului/Olarashi Group Ranch, Kenya : A supplement to the PhD thesis of Anna C. Shoemaker (2018) on the archaeology of Amboseli

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This data was acquired during the production of a PhD thesis pertaining to the archaeology of Amboseli. The amount of information obtained during ceramic and lithic analysis was often in excess of ...
Human analogues of rodent spatial pattern association, separation, and completion memory tasks

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Spatial pattern association (SPA), separation (SPS), and completion (SPC) have been shown to be dependent on distinct subfields of the hippocampus in rodents, but these processes have not been assessed using analogous paradigms in humans. In this thesis I developed three computerized tasks analogous to well-established rodent tasks used to assess these processes. Participants showed improved performance across trials in the SPA task, indicating increasing familiarity with the environment. Participants showed performance differences that were dependent on the amount of demand on the subprocesses used in SPS and SPC, specifically, poorer performance with decreasing separation distance between target and foil in the SPS task, and poorer performance with decreasing number of wall cues in the SPC task. These results support sensitivity of the tasks to these subprocesses in humans. These tasks set the stage for valuable future directions including the use of these tasks with imaging and clinical populations.
Tumour Angiogenesis: A Growth Area—From John Hunter to Judah Folkman and Beyond

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Angiogenesis is the growth of new blood vessels in the body. Abnormal angiogenesis is recognised as a “common denominator” in many disease processes, and the development of angiogenesis inhibitors holds great hope in the ongoing battle against cancer. The field of angiogenesis has roots in the Hunterian era of the late eighteenth century but did not begin to blossom until the early 1970s when the then controversial findings and conclusions of Judah Folkman, the “father of angiogenesis,” were first published. There were only 65 publications with angiogenesis in the title in the 10 years after Folkman first proposed the idea of tumour angiogenesis, compared to over 9,000 publications from the year 2000 to 2010. In this review we will explore the voyage of discovery from the first observations of John Hunter in the eighteenth century, via the struggle faced by Folkman to prove the importance of angiogenesis, and finally how his determination has led to modern angiogenesis inhibitors being used in everyday clinical practice.
Sphericalization of the potential of interaction of anisotropic molecules with spherical particles

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The possibility of employing sphericalized intermolecular potentials to describe the interactions between nonpolar anisotropic molecules (CCl4 and benzene) with spherical nonpolar molecules (Ar, Xe, and CH4) has been tested for binary systems having liquid- and gas-like densities. Median and RAM sphericalization procedures have been used and their capacity to account for the experimental values of cross second virial coefficients and Henry’s constants are compared. It is shown that the median sphericalized potentials, which are temperature and density independent, give a fairly good description of the data which is better than that provided by RAM potentials. The possibility of accounting correctly for the change of properties when the relative size of the interacting partners changes (e.g., conformal systems) is noteworthy.
The Date of Bruckner's "Nullified" Symphony in D Minor

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Research Article| April 01 1983 The Date of Bruckner's "Nullified" Symphony in D Minor Paul Hawkshaw Paul Hawkshaw Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar 19th-Century Music (1983) 6 (3): 252–263. https://doi.org/10.2307/746590 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Paul Hawkshaw; The Date of Bruckner's "Nullified" Symphony in D Minor. 19th-Century Music 1 April 1983; 6 (3): 252–263. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/746590 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All Content19th-Century Music Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1983 The Regents of the University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
The Intersection of Race, Culture, Language, and Disability

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

To date, few researchers have sought to examine the effect of issues of race, culture, language, and disability, let alone to look specifically at the intersection of these issues, as it relates to special education identification, special education service delivery, and students of color’s access to an equitable education. Thus, this article will attempt to help urban education researchers and educators understand (a) why the intersection of race, culture, language, and disability is an urban education issue; (b) how issues of race, culture, language, and disability affect students’ and their families’ quest for an equitable education; (c) how to advocate for and provide culturally responsive services to racially, culturally, linguistically, and economically diverse students and their families; and (d) the implications of the intersection of race, culture, and disability for urban education practice, research, and policy.
The Effect of 2% White Turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria) Gel as Adjunctive Therapy of Scaling and Root Planing Treatment towards the Interleukin 6 Level in Chronic Periodontitis

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Chronic periodontitis is an infectious disease caused by plaque bacteria that leads to an increasing proinflammatory cytokines Interleukin-6 (IL-6).White turmeric is one of the herbal remedies with anti-inflammatory properties.The objective of this study was to determine the effect of white turmeric gel as adjunctive therapy towards the Interleukin-6 levels in the gingival sulcus fluid after scaling and root planing treatment in chronic periodontitis patients.Methods :This research was performed with the randomised controlled trial technique and the split-mouth design by analysing the gingival sulcus fluid of 22 chronic periodontitis patients who have pocket with the depth of ≥ 5 mm.The 2% white turmeric gel was applied towards the treatment side on day 0 and day 7.The gingival sulcus fluid was taken on day 0 and day 14 for Interleukin-6 level analysis on both the treatment side and the control side.The Interleukin-6 level was then analysed with the ELISA method.The data obtained were then processed statistically using the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney test with the significance values of p<0.05.Results:The results showed a decreasing level of Interleukin-6 both on the treatment side and the control side.The average difference of Interleukin-6 level before and after treatment on the treatment side was 8.807 pg/mL and as much as 1.675 pg/mL on the control side.There was a significant difference in the IL-6 level decrease between the treatment and control side (p=0.011). Conclusion:The 2% white turmeric gel was proven to be effective in decreasing the Interleukin-6 level after scaling and root planing treatment in chronic periodontitis patients.
UNDERSTANDING OLIVINE CO2 MINERAL SEQUESTRATION MECHANISMS AT THE ATOMIC LEVEL: OPTIMIZING REACTION PROCESS DESIGN

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Carbonation of Mg-rich minerals offers an intriguing candidate carbon sequestration process technology, which can provide large-scale CO{sub 2} disposal. Such disposal bypasses many long-term storage problems by (i) providing containment in the form of mineral carbonates that have proven stable over geological time, (ii) generating only environmentally benign materials, and (iii) essentially eliminating the need for continuous site monitoring. The primary challenge for viable process development is reducing process cost. This is the primary focus of the CO{sub 2} Mineral Sequestration Working Group managed by Fossil Energy at DOE, which includes members from the Albany Research Center, Los Alamos National Laboratory, the National Energy Technology Laboratory, Penn State University, Science Applications International Corporation, and the University of Utah, as well as from our research group at Arizona State University. Carbonation of the widely occurring mineral olivine (e.g., forsterite, Mg{sub 2}SiO{sub 4}) is a leading process candidate, which converts CO{sub 2} into the mineral magnesite (MgCO{sub 3}). As olivine carbonation is exothermic, it offers intriguing low-cost potential. Recent studies at the Albany Research Center have found aqueous-solution carbonation is a promising approach. Cost effectively enhancing carbonation reactivity is central to reducing process cost. Many of the mechanisms that impact reactivity occur at the solid/solution interface. Understanding these mechanisms is central to the ability to engineer new and modified processes to enhance carbonation reactivity and lower cost. Herein, we report the results of our UCR I project, which focused on exploring the reaction mechanisms that govern aqueous-solution olivine carbonation using model olivine feedstock materials. Carbonation was found to be a complex process associated with passivating silica layer formation, which includes the trapping of magnesite nanocrystals within the passivating silica layers, cracking and exfoliation of the layers, silica surface migration, olivine etch pit formation, transfer of the Mg and Fe in the olivine into the product carbonate, and the nucleation and growth of magnesite crystals on/in the silica/olivine reaction matrix. These phenomena occur in concert with the large solid volume changes that accompany the carbonation process, which can substantially impact carbonation reactivity. Passivating silica layer formation appears to play a major role in inhibiting carbonation reactivity. New approaches that can mitigate the effectiveness of passivating layer formation may offer intriguing potential to enhance carbonation reactivity and lower process cost.