jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The main stages of evolution of state economic policy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The basics of the state economic policy and its evolution in socio-historical progress in civilization process are analyzed; the author studies the approaches substantiated in their time by such famous thinkers likeNiccolo Machiavelli, ThomasHobbes, JohnLocke, GeorgHegel, KarlMarx, JohnRawls; liberal substantiations suggested byAdamSmith, DavidRicardo, JohnMaynardKeynes, Ludwig von Mises, MiltonFriedman,Friedrich von Hayek, R. Cokhane in their works; utilitarian theory of social welfareby Jeremy Bentham, arepresentative of classical political economical schoolJohnStuartMill didn't deny the possibility and eligibility of state's interference in the economic processes; the utilitarian theory of social welfare by Jeremy Bentham, who suggested pleasures and suffering analysis concept according to which it is expedient to redistribute the income between the rich and the poor to provide the best welfare in the society that influenced thespreading of "marginalist revolution"ideasand which has changed the methodological and theoretical basics of economic policy. Aconsiderable and significant contribution to the economic welfare theory developing(the theory of economic policy) was made by Vilfredo Pareto. With the help of the curvesof indifference Vilfredo Paretoanalyzed effective conditions of resources placing based on whichthe first theorem of welfare economy“Pareto optimum”– thecriterion of economic effectiveness was developed. The conceptions of state economic policy suggested by the representatives of monetarism, keynesianism, marxism, economic nationalism and others are analyzed. There is a great range of intermediate ways of economic policy implementation between alternative models being analyzed within which the state regulation is restricted to certain spheres
Morphologic and morphometric characterization of local goats raised in low input system under sub-tropical climate of India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Lack of knowledge on genetic and phenotypic diversity of goats and its adaptation in local environment impede the implementation of strategies for breeding and management. Hence, the present study was undertaken to characterize the local goats of Vindhyan region of India based on their morphology and morphometry. The study conducted in 308 males and 590 females indicates that the goats of studied population is small in size with black or brown coat colouration, grey skin and horns, black eyelids and hooves, black or brown muzzle and characteristics flat, curved and spiral or straight horns oriented either upward-backward-outward (93.24%) or upward-backward (6.76%). Forehead was straight to slightly convex, ears were flat, leafy and pendulous and tail was bunchy and curved upward. Beard was present on 36.14% of goat. Milk production was very low whereas dressing percentage was recorded as 47.6 ± 0.31%. The major breeding season was found to be May-July whereas litter size was recorded as 1.37. The morphological appearance and morphometric measurement of body length, height at wither, chest-girth, length of ear, horn and tail and body weight at birth, 3, 6, 9, 12 months as well as adult body weight (6 teeth) indicated that the studied goat population is phenotypically distinct from the other goats of the adjoining area and are important genetic resource of India.
In vitro antimicrobial activity of auxiliary chemical substances and natural extracts on Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis in root canals

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of auxiliary chemical substances and natural extracts on Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecali's inoculated in root canals. Material and Methods: Seventy-two human tooth roots were contaminated with C. albicans and E. faecalis for 21 days. The groups were divided according to the auxiliary chemical substance into: G1) 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), G2) 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHX), G3) castor oil, G4) glycolic Aloe vera extract, g5) glycolic ginger extract, and G6) sterile saline (control). The samples of the root canal were collected at different intervals: confirmation collection, at 21 days after contamination; 1st collection, after instrumentation; and 2nd collection, seven days after instrumentation. Microbiological samples were grown in culture medium and incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. Results: The results were submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn (5%) statistical tests. NaOCl and CHX completely eliminated the microorganisms of the root canals. Castor oil and ginger significantly reduced the number of CFU of the tested bacteria. Reduction of CFU/mL at the 1st and 2nd collections for groups G1, G2, G3 and G4 was greater in comparison to groups G5 and G6. Conclusion: It was concluded that 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine gel were more effective in eliminating C. albicans and E. faecalis, followed by the castor oil and glycolic ginger extract. The Aloe vera extract showed no antimicrobial activity.
Gender Differences of Popular Music Production in Secondary Schools

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this case study, the author inv estigated how students’ gender affected their participation in a secondary popular music class in which participants wrote and performed original music. Three same-gendered rock groups and two mixed-gendered rock groups were observ ed. Would students of different genders rehearse and compose differently? How would same-gendered processes compare to mixed-gendered processes? Research suggests that girls learn differently from boys and that gender—as distinct from sex—is formed in social env ironments. In research on popular music education, howev er, the participation of girls has been under-documented and under-theorized. This study found that boys and girls rehearsed and composed differently: Whereas the boys combined musical gestures and nonv erbal communication into a seamless sonic process, the girls separated talk and musical production. In the mixed-gendered groups, tensions arose because participants used different learning styles that members of the opposite gender misunderstood. Broadening popular music pedagogies to incorporate different practices is suggested.
A Theorem on Sums of Independent Positive Random Variables and Its Applications to Branching Random Processes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let $\xi _1 , \cdots ,\xi _n , \cdots $ be independent random positive variables and let ${\bf P} \{ {\xi _k < t} \} = G(t)$, $k = 1, \cdots ,n, \cdots $ Let us denote \[ {\bf P}\left\{ {\xi _1 + \cdots + \xi _n < t} \right\} = G_n (t). \] Theorem.\[ \mathop {\lim }\limits_{t \to \infty } \frac{{1 - G_n (t)}}{{1 - G(t)}} = n,\qquad n = 1,2,3, \cdots , \]if and only if\[ \mathop {\lim }\limits_{t \to \infty } \frac{{1 - G_2 (t)}}{{1 - G(t)}} = 2. \] This theorem is useful in some investigations of age-dependent branching processes.
EV - 155 Reviewing Cynical Theories with Sam Hoadley-Brill

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

My guest this week is Sam Hoadley-Brill (@deonteleologist), a grad student in philosophy at CUNY Graduate Center with interests in moral, social, and political philosophy. We discuss his forthcoming review of Cynical Theories by James Lindsay and Helen Pluckrose.Convocation: Terry PratchettHelen Longino \\"Cognitive and Non-Cognitive values in science\\": https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-009-1742-2_3Alison Wylie \\"Why Standpoint Matters\\": https://philpapers.org/rec/WYLWSM Charles Mills \\"Black Rights/White Wrongs\\": https://www.amazon.com/Black-Rights-White-Wrongs-Transgressing/dp/0190245425Charles Mills \\"Black Radical Kantianism\\": https://simpsoncenter.org/sites/simpson/files/Charles-Mills-Black-Radical-Kantianism.pdf Editing by Lu Lyons, check out her amazing podcast Filmed Live Musicals! http://www.filmedlivemusicals.com/podcast.htmlMusic by GW RodriguezSibling Pod Philosophers in Space: https://0gphilosophy.libsyn.com/Support us at Patreon.com/EmbraceTheVoidIf you enjoy the show, please Like and Review us on your pod app, especially iTunes. It really helps!If you enjoyed this and want to discuss more, start a conversation with me here: https://letter.wiki/AaronRabinowitz/conversationsRecent Appearances: Friend of the pod Thomas Smith had me on SIO to discuss the recent revelations around the ownership of New Discourses's, James Lindsay's laundering operation for for far right talking points and conspiracy theories. If you're lost on what this is about check out ETV150 first. https://seriouspod.com/sio250-james-lindsays-new-discourses-funded-by-far-right-christian-nationalist/Next week: Consensus Liberalism with Marcus Schultz-Bergin
Comparison the Effect of Organized education by Group discussion and film screening on Anxiety and Contrast-induced nephropathy in Coronary catheterization Patients; A Randomized Clinical Trial

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Anxiety is one of the most prevalent psychological complications in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization that can be effective on the patients' understanding to do self-care to prevent some complications such as contrast induced nephropathy. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of education by group discussion with videotape on anxiety and contrast induced nephropathy of Coronary catheterization patients. Method: A randomized clinical trial was implemented with 213 patients in three groups at Javad-Al-Aemeh Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, during February to September 2018. An organized educational program was first developed based on an integrative review. The patients were randomly allocated to three groups: group discussion (n=71), film (n=73) and control (n=69) using randomized time blocks. Anxiety was assessed using Spiel Berger Inventory before and 1 hour after the education, before transferring to Cat Lab. The serum creatinine was assessed on arrival, 24 and 72 hours after the procedure. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, Tukey, repeated ANOVA, paired t test and chi square tests by SPSS16. Results: There was no significant difference in mean anxiety between groups before the intervention (P= 0.64), but the anxiety in the videotape group and group discussion decreased significantly after the intervention (p<0.001). There wasn't any significant clinical increase in serum creatinine in all three groups after 72 hours. Conclusion: Using Group discussion and film screening can be recommended to the community nurses to reduce the cardiac catheterization candidate patient's anxiety and prevent contrast-induced nephropathy.The present study was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials with a code of IRCT2016022626776N1.Registration date in IRCT : 2017-07-23, 1396/05/01https://www.irct.ir/trial/22094
Propagation of Human Papillomavirus 16 Using a Novel Adenovirus and Cre/LoxP Mechanism

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Problem: Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) infection is a major risk factor for the development of squamous cell cancers of the cervix and of the head and neck. A major barrier to understanding the progression from initial infection to cancer has been the lack of in vitro models that allow infection, replication, and persistence of the viral genome as an episome in differentiated epithelial cells.

Methods: To overcome this barrier, we designed an adenoviral delivery vector that contained a full HPV16 genome flanked by LoxP homologous recombination sites plus a fluorescent reporter that was expressed only after the HPV genome was excised by Cre recombinase.

Results: This system delivered circular HPV16 genomes to cervical epithelial cells and well-differentiated human airway epithelia. Following delivery, the HPV16 genome replicated and persisted as an episome in cervical keratinocytes. These cells developed an immortalized phenotype and a dysplastic epithelial appearance. Moreover, induction of differentiation led to the expression of late genes and production of infectious HPV16 virions.

Conclusion: This work provides a novel means of introducing biologically active HPV genomes into epithelial cells, which are normally difficult to transfect. These methods will allow the study of HPV genome replication and gene expression in the earliest stages of HPV genome establishment and may provide a means with which to study non-oncogenic HPV viral types.

Significance: Understanding the papillomavirus life cycle may aid in developing novel treatments for HPV-related head and neck diseases.

Support: None reported.
Management studies of Shimin center in Japan and community learning center (CLC) in Indonesia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examines the governance of Community Learning Centers (CLC) in 2 countries, namely the Shimin Center in Japan and CLC (PKBM) in Indonesia. This study explores governance that includes program implementation in managerial aspects, namely the planning, implementation and evaluation functions carried out by Community Learning Centers in Indonesia and Japan. The theory underlying this research is the concept of lifelong education, the concept of community-based education and the concept of community education. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The data collection technique used in this research is through Focus Group Discussion (FGD), interview, observation, literature study and documentation study. The research subjects were 6 people, where 3 people from Shimin Center and 3 people from PKBM. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the community learning center program both in Japan and in Indonesia in terms of aspects; a) program planning is always based on needs, formulation of objectives, program design, recruitment of facilitators and socialization and always refers to government policies; b) Implementation of programs developed by PKBM in Indonesia through a) Program Inputs (raw input, instrumental input, environmental input, process, output, other input and impact). As for the Shimin Center institution in Japan, it adheres to 3 main characteristics, namely the information center, a center for participation and self-actualization and is open to all ages and circles and is a place that guarantees freedom and equal rights, free services, has autonomy as a learning and cultural institution, has staff, is affordable (accessibility), adequate facilities and community participation; c) Evaluation of programs carried out by the Shimin Center in Japan and PKBM in Indonesia is carried out through evaluation of learning (formative and summative), evaluation of program services, personnel, and evaluation of educational unit institutions through unit quality assurance (accreditation). The evaluation carried out by the Japanese Government in managing the Shimin Center includes evaluation of learning carried out by volunteers/facilitators, in addition, evaluation is also carried out by asking for opinions from the community and community leaders.
Interaction of 5-Fluorouracil on the Surfaces of Pristine and Functionalized Ca12O12 Nanocages: An Intuition from DFT

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The utilization of nanostructured materials for several biomedical applications has tremendously increased over the last few decades owing to their nanosizes, porosity, large surface area, sensitivity, and efficiency as drug delivery systems. Thus, the incorporation of functionalized and pristine nanostructures for cancer therapy offers substantial prospects to curb the persistent problems of ineffective drug administration and delivery to target sites. The potential of pristine (Ca12O12) and formyl (-CHO)- and amino (-NH2)-functionalized (Ca12O12-CHO and Ca12O12-NH2) derivatives as efficient nanocarriers for 5-fluorouracil (5FU) was studied at the B3LYP-GD3(BJ)/6-311++G(d,p) theoretical level in two electronic media (gas and solvent). To effectively account for all adsorption interactions of the drug on the investigated surfaces, electronic studies as well as topological analysis based on the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) and noncovalent interactions were exhaustively utilized. Interestingly, the obtained results divulged that the 5FU drug interacted favorably with both Ca12O12 and its functionalized derivatives. The adsorption energies of pristine and functionalized nanostructures were calculated to be -133.4, -96.9, and -175.6 kcal/mol, respectively, for Ca12O12, Ca12O12-CHO, and Ca12O12-NH2. Also, both topological analysis and NBO stabilization analysis revealed the presence of interactions among O3-H32, O27-C24, O10-C27, and N24-H32 atoms of the drug and the surface. However, 5FU@Ca12O12-CHO molecules portrayed the least adsorption energy due to considerable destabilization of the molecular complex as revealed by the computed deformation energy. Therefore, 5FU@Ca12O12 and 5FU@Ca12O12-NH2 acted as better nanovehicles for 5FU.
A computational study of mercaptopurine and thioguanine binding to gold clusters Aun (n = 3, 4)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The density functional theory calculations are employed to elucidate the adsorption/desorption behaviours of mercaptopurine (MP) and thioguanine (TG) drugs on the gold surfaces, using Au3 and Au4 clusters as model reactants. The PBE functional in combination with the effective core potential cc-pVTZ-PP basis set for gold atoms and cc-pVTZ basis set for nonmetals have been used to investigated geometric structures, thermodynamic parameters and electronic properties of the obtained complexes. The IEF-PCM model with water solvent was used to include the effect of biological environment on the interactions. The computed results show that the binding is dominated by a covelant bond Au−S and by electrostatic effects, namely a hydrogen bond contribution NH∙∙∙Au. In addition, the drug binding to gold clusters is a reversible process and a drug release mechanism was also clarified. Accordingly, the drugs are willing to separate from the gold surface due to either a slight change of pH in tumor cells or the presence of cysteine residues in protein matrices.
Three-Year Evaluation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteremia in Patients Admitted to a University-Affiliated Hospital, Mashhad, Iran

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic gram-negative pathogen that can cause infection in almost any body part. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the characteristics of patients with P. aeruginosa bloodstream infection (BSI). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we retrospectively evaluated the records of 35 patients with P. aeruginosa BSI admitted to the Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, during 2012 - 2015. Age, sex, clinical symptoms, risk factors, underlying diseases, and the antibiogram test results were recorded and compared between nosocomial and community-acquired infection (CAI) dead and alive patients using the chi-square test. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 21. Results: The patients had a mean age of 54.57 ± 20.75 years, with 19 of them being men (54.3%). Intubation was only required in the deceased group (N = 19; P = 0.014). Tachypnea was more frequent (63.2% vs. 13.2%, P = 0.003), and appropriate treatment was less frequent (27.8% vs. 66.7%; P = 0.02) in the deceased group compared to the control group. Most patients with nosocomial infection (N = 24) passed away (66.7%; P = 0.03). All nine patients with a history of burning had a nosocomial infection (P = 0.01). Shivering and decreased consciousness were more frequent in patients with CAI (both P = 0.03) than in other patients. The antibiogram test results showed high resistance to multiple antibiotics. Conclusions: Considering the high mortality rate of P. aeruginosa BSI and resistance to multiple antibiotics, it is necessary to pay greater attention to the prevention of nosocomial infection with this pathogen, especially in patients admitted to burn centers and those with specific clinical signs, like tachypnea and leukocytosis.
Acidic hydrolysis of recycled polyethylene terephthalate plastic for the production of its monomer terephthalic acid

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic bottles, after some pre-processing, were chemically depolymerized for the production of terephthalic acid (TPA), an important monomer of PET resin. The optimized condition of PET hydrolysis was 100°C with 80% v/v aqueous sulfuric acid liquor for 30 min reaction time. The terephthalic acids (TPAs) were filtered out from the reaction mixtures with a sintered glass filter. The viscosity of recycled hydrolysis liquor was measured before it was used in a successive batch of PET depolymerization. The viscosity of hydrolysis liquor increased gradually from 5 mm 2 /s to 87 mm 2 /s. TPA yields were obtained from 85.03 ± 0.03% to 99.20 ± 0.06% and the color of TPA changed from bright white to off-white in the final batches. The structure of TPA was confirmed by FTIR, mass analysis, and 1 H-NMR spectroscopy. The purity of TPA was found to be 95–98% from the HPLC study via external calibration technique. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) determined the thermal degradation patterns of TPAs and residual weights. This experiment reveals that repeated use of sulfuric acid hydrolysis liquor would be a good option for PET depolymerization in terms of resource utilization, TPA quality as well as sustainability.
EXPERIME NTAL EVALUATION FOR ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF MAMSYADI KWATHA

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

S iddha Yoga Sangraha of Yadavji T rikamji Acharya, states about Mamsyadi kwatha, an Ayurvedic formulation which is said to be effective in minor mental disorders. The ingredients of M amsyadi kwatha are Jatama msi ( Nardistachys jatamansi DC), Ashwagandha ( Withania somnifera Linn) and Parasika yavani ( Hyoscymus niger Linn), in 8:4:1 ratio respectively. The test formulation was subjected to assess its analgesic effect. The model selected for the assessment of analgesic effect was tail flick test, in albino mi ce. The test formulation possesses analgesic effect, which is mainly due to its component P arasika yavani.
What works in co-producing assistive technology solutions with older people: a scoping review of the evidence

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Assistive technology for older people promises much, but the research evidence suggests that it delivers little. One hypothesis to explain the lack of positive impact is that assistive technology is often implemented with little involvement of older people or other stakeholders, such as family members or care staff. The suggestion is that co-production may ensure that assistive technology solutions are better tailored to people's needs, capacities and living situations. In this article, we review existing studies to examine what works in co-production in relation to processes of design and implementation of assistive technology for older people. Our results show a growing interest in co-production as an approach in this field, with a wide range of approaches being employed. We highlight a number of key lessons from the research, including key issues around who needs to be engaged in the co-production, as well as essential elements of the process itself. Our review suggests that there is considerable potential in using co-production to improve effectiveness of technological solutions to the challenges of age-related impairments. However, we also emphasise the need for more longitudinal research in this area, to examine whether such collaborative approaches can truly deliver the promise of assistive technology for older people.