jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Retrospection and recollection of influences of physical activity and sport on the development of substance addiction among people in recovery from substance addiction

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The development of substance addiction in the context of physical activity (PA) and sport is an issue about which little is known. Investigating through the first hand experience of people dealing with substance addiction provided some insight into the role of PA and sport, and the possible connections with the development of substance addiction. Using qualitative realistic evaluation, the purpose of this study was to examine and identify the perceived main mechanisms associated with participation in PA and sports and the subsequent development of substance addiction. The research questions were: 1. What perceived mechanisms linked participation or non-participation in physical activity or sport with the development of substance addiction? 2. How do these mechanisms vary by context? 3. What different mechanisms are associated with different patterns in the development of substance addiction? One time, individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted. A small pilot study included people (5 men and 2 women, ages 28-61) in recovery from substance addiction for over one year. The main study used a convenience sample of people (8 men and 5 women, ages 20-59) currently in treatment at a private treatment centre who had completed 30 days of treatment for their substance addiction. One addictions counsellor was also interviewed. The participants’ involvement in PA and sport ranged from limited to a high level of commitment, up to and including professional sports. None of the participants were completely inactive. Initiation of substance abuse began between the ages of 12 and 18. The contexts identified were social acceptance of alcohol, family influences, heritability, role models, school culture, sport culture and loss of sport. The mechanisms identified were personal characteristics, coping strategies, availability of substances and relationships. The interactions between the mechanisms and contexts were discussed as they related to the outcome, the development of substance addiction The social acceptance of alcohol and the heritability of addiction in their families appeared to have substantial influence on most of the participants’ initial use and then the development of addiction. An absence of appropriate coping strategies was described by most of participants, they turned to substance use for relief. It was also very common for the participants to feel that they did not fit in. For those who were involved in sports, these feelings existed regardless of their level of success in sports and tended to contribute to their substance use. Sport participation is traditionally thought of as providing protection against substance use. For the competitive athletes among the participants, substance use was often initiated and continued in the company of their sport teammates. Substance use commonly included alcohol and other drugs such as marijuana and cocaine.
Bacillus subtilis contains a cyclodextrin-binding protein which is part of a putative ABC-transporter

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Bacillus subtilis is able to grow on α-, β- and γ-cyclodextrins as a carbon source via a yet unknown metabolizing system. Sequence analysis of the B. subtilis genome reveals that the putative yvfK-yvfO operon seems to be involved in cyclodextrin utilization, containing the open reading frame yvfK, now termed cycB. The amino acid sequence derived from the DNA sequence bears high similarities to solute-binding proteins from B. subtilis, as well as to cymE from Klebsiella oxytoca and malE from Escherichia coli, both encoding solute-binding proteins able to interact with cyclodextrins. A [His]6-tagged variant of CycB from B. subtilis was constructed, overproduced in E. coli and purified. The modified protein has been used to study its substrate specificity by surface plasmon resonance and fluorescence spectroscopy. From these data, CycB can be classified as a cyclodextrin-binding protein which interacts with all three natural cyclodextrins: α, β and γ, thereby showing the highest affinity to γ-cyclodextrin.
A conceptual model development of the impact of higher education service quality in guaranteeing edu‐tourists' satisfaction and behavioral intentions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This conceptual study proposed that university service quality is of significant influence in guaranteeing education tourist's (edu‐tourist) satisfaction, recommendation intention, and repurchase intention. The study considers the universities as tourism markets that attract edu‐tourists and put forward that the level of service quality provided by institutions can influence on the satisfaction of edu‐tourist and their post‐behavioral intention in an educational tourism context. This paper analyzed several previous studies and discussed service quality factors affecting edu‐tourist's satisfaction and behavioral intentions using various databases such as social sciences and psychology. The theoretical framework of the means‐end approach was used to evaluate service quality dimensions. The findings revealed the most significant factors affecting edu‐tourist's perception of service quality, satisfaction, and behavioral intentions. Overall, the campus facilities perceived to be the most prominent factor in satisfying edu‐tourists. Recommendations for future research relating the crucial determinants of service quality in influencing consumers' behavior are discussed.
Relationship Between Mindfulness and Grit Among Final Year Students in Makassar City

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

College students, who are working on their final assignments, need the grit to complete their studies well.However, there are still students who have low grit levels, so that not just a few students experience delays in completing their studies, even until they are dropped out of college.Mindfulness, which has the characteristics of being aware of itself, both in place and mentally, to the circumstances that occur at that moment, can help students refocus on their goals to complete their studies well.This study investigated the relationship between mindfulness and grit on final year students in Makassar.This study used a quantitative method with a correlational design.The subjects of this study were 183 last year students who are working on their final assignments at the top three public universities in Makassar City, namely Hasanuddin University, Makassar State University, and Alauddin State Islamic University Makassar.Data were analyzed using bivariate Person correlation, and the result indicated that mindfulness is significantly correlated with grit.The relationship between mindfulness and grit in this study was adequate with a correlation coefficient r(183)=0.352,p<0.05, indicating that the higher the mindfulness, the higher the grit, and vice versa.This showed that students who were undergoing the educational process in higher education should have attention and awareness in undergoing the educational process so that these students could achieve their long-term goals.
Emerging Trends in Family Caregiving Using the Life Course Perspective: Preparing Health Educators for an Aging Society

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: As life expectancy and morbidity related to chronic disease increase, the baby boomers will be called upon to provide care to aging members of their family or to be care recipients themselves. Purpose: Through the theoretical lens of the life course perspective, this review of the literature provides insight into what characteristics of baby boomers separate them from previous caregiving cohorts and how these characteristics will affect family caregiving. Methods: A systematic process to identify literature was completed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: Findings suggest multiple emerging trends related to caregiving, including (1) increasing use of digital technology for information gathering and support, (2) more diversity among caregivers and care recipients, (3) strained finances and loss of entitlements, (4) more complex care and care management, (5) demand for public policies related to caregiving, and (6) balancing work, family, chronic disease, and caregiving. Discussion: Examining the literature related to family caregiving and baby boomers through a life course perspective offers a unique and more complete understanding of emerging trends related to chronic disease management. Translation to Health Education Practice: These emerging trends offer health educators implications for strategies and best practices intended to support those involved in family caregiving.
Segregation, Nativity, and Health: Reproductive Health Inequalities for Immigrant and Native-Born Black Women in New York City1

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research analyzes differences between immigrant and native-born Black women in the relationship between racial residential segregation and low birthweight risk. Differences in nativity are investigated because sociocultural diversity may affect women's exposure to environmental and psychosocial stressors associated with living in highly segregated neighborhoods and in the presence of protective "ethnic density" effects. Using vital statistics data for New York City on all births to "Black" mothers in 2000, we analyze the associations between segregation and the risk of having a low birthweight infant for immigrant and native-born mothers. Multilevel models are estimated that include maternal characteristics, census tract poverty, and a spatial measure of local segregation. For U.S.-born Black women, living in racially segregated areas—areas with high racial isolation—is associated with a higher low birthweight risk. Similar findings are uncovered for immigrant Black women; however, the association between segregation and low birthweight disappears when differences in country/region of origin are controlled. For immigrant Black women, the health impacts of segregation are much more muted and complex than those for the native-born. [Key words: Racial residential segregation; low birthweight; immigrants; ethnic density; New York City.]
Hole Transfer Energetics in Structurally Distorted DNA:  The Nucleosome Core Particle

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The dynamics of long-range hole transport (HT) through DNA are critically dependent on the relative energies of guanine radical cation states. Electrostatic contacts with protein fragments and changes in the secondary structure of the DNA helix are expected to directly influence the stability of a guanine radical cation. This expectation is especially relevant when considering DNA HT in the eukaryotic nucleus, where DNA is condensed into nucleosome core particles (NCPs), the fundamental building blocks of chromatin. Using quantum-chemical calculations, we consider how the electrostatic interactions between the DNA nucleobases and the surrounding protein and water atoms and the structural changes in DNA arising from compaction into a NCP affect the energetics of hole transfer between guanine sites. We find that structural distortions of DNA can have dramatic consequences for the stability of a guanine radical cation, and therefore, these effects must be taken into account during the modeling of in vivo DNA HT and in the interpretation of experimental findings. When the electrostatic potential arising from the water and basic histone proteins is included we find that DNA-histone contacts, particularly between arginine residues and the DNA minor groove, destabilize the hole state on specific guanine residues. Therefore, contacts between the DNA nucleobases and basic amino acids have the potential to perturb the sites of preferred hole stability in DNA.
Indian Phytopath. 50 (1) : 147-150 (1997) NEW RECORDS Powdery mildew of Ocimum canum- A new record

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Powdery mildew on Ocimum canum L. caused by Oidium was observed during December- Janu-ary in Gujarat. Locally known &apos;Shyam tulsi&apos; (Ocimum canum L.) is popular in India from re-ligious point of view as well as medicinal proper-ties. In the initial stage, the fungus developed scattered ashy growths on the upper surface of the leaves. Slight discolouration and alteration in pig-mentation appeared later on the infected leaves. Under cool and humid conditions, this disease assumed severity and symptoms were also exhib-ited on the lower surface of the leaves and on newly emerged tender branches. Drying of the leaves and defoliation occurred. During winter season 1989-90 the incidence and intensity of the powdery mildew on leaves and tender branches were very high. Three celled hyaline conidiophores with com-paratively bigger cell (A.v. 80 urn) at the base were invariably observed. The other two cells were more or less of similar size (A.v. 13.0 to 15.5 um). Hyaline conidia were born in chain of 3 to 5 with distinct lobulation and measured 34.7 x 21.2 urn. Powdery mildew on Ocimum canum L. is the first record in India.
Auto‐ID based weedicide manufacturing process

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a new way of manufacturing process in the plant of the leading weedicide manufacturing company in Korea, Dongbu. Design/methodology/approach This paper explains a design of Auto‐ID based weedicide manufacturing process, introduces new mechanism for assembly machine and presents simulation approach to understand potential benefit. Findings In Dongbu, there was no information matching among bottle, box and pallet levels. Another issue was error propagation. Because, the allowance range for weight difference is different depending on the level of unit, the small weight difference (i.e. deviation) within allowance range in bottle level can create errors when accumulated for boxing. The proposed method improved performance measures such as cycle time and cost of raw materials by introducing Auto‐ID technology. As in the simulation results, it is considered that adoption of radio frequency identification together with this automatic module will improve manufacturing performance drastically. Originality/value The research was based on the real world implementation of Auto‐ID based manufacturing in weedicide manufacturing company and discussed a new approach which addresses the current issues of industry.
Motor Imagery Classification Based on Subject to Subject Transfer in Riemannian Manifold

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Motor imagery based brain computer interface requires large number of labeled subject specific training trials to calibrate system for new subjects. This is due to huge variations in individual characteristics. Major challenge in development of brain computer interface is to reduce calibration time or completely eliminate. Existing approaches rise up to this challenge by incorporating Euclidean representation of the individual variations from other subjects' trials. They use covariance matrices from other subjects but do not consider the geometry of the covariance matrices, which lies in space of Symmetric Positive Definite (SPD) matrices. This inevitably limits their performance. We focus on reducing calibration time by introducing Riemannian approach by incorporating geometrical properties of covariance matrices in the subject to subject transfer. Our method outperforms the state of the art methods on the BCI competition dataset IVa. Our proposed method yielded accuracy of 77.67%, 100%, 75%, 87.05% and 91.67% for five subjects (aa, al, av, aw and ay respectively) in the dataset resulting in an average accuracy of 86.27%.
An Empirical Study on DBT Awareness

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) is a social security scheme launched by the government of India, with a prime objective to transfer of cash subsidy directly to the people living below poverty line and entitlements directly to the beneficiary, whose identification would be verified on the base of ‘Aadhaar Card’ linked with the bank account. Observably, this foresighted steps has been taken by the government of India after experiencing so many years of hurdles such as unnecessary delays, leakages and diversion of benefits which take place while providing subsidy to the needy people. In a country like India where more than 25% people are living below poverty line and the benefit of, Central and State Governments sponsored schemes are not reaching them. In spite of spending huge amount and deploying substantial workforce these poor classes are still struggling for their day to day needs like food, shelter, clothing, health, education etc. Various reasons can be mentioned behind this imbalance but it is a proven fact that all is not well. Certain major shortcomings in this regard are non-scientific method for the identification of the beneficiary, lack of proper and effective channels of distribution, lack of interest of implementation of concerning authority, delay in delivery of service, reaching beneficiaries not at its doorsteps and lack of awareness on the benefit of direct benefit transfer. Based on the above backdrop, this paper investigates the public awareness on direct benefit transfer in Vellore District, Tamil Nadu. The findings of this empirical study emphasis the public awareness about the direct benefit transfer scheme and its implication in India. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n5p229
Examining the Determinants of Colorectal Cancer Screening Practices among Asian Americans

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Asian Americans (AA) are documented to have low colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates. Recent studies have further revealed screening disparities among AA subgroups. Focused research on CRC screening among AA subgroups are needed to more effectively address the CRC burden experienced by this growing racial/ethnic population. The purpose of this dissertation was to examine the determinants of CRC screening among AA. Study 1 was a systematic review of the determinants to CRC screening among AA subgroups using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Study 2 used the 2012 Hawai‘i Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System dataset and examined the associations between CRC screening and ethnicity, controlling for socio-demographic and healthcare variables using multiple logistic regression. Study 3 used the 2009 California Health Interview Survey dataset and examined the associations between physician’s recommendation and ethnicity, controlling for socio-demographic, cultural, and healthcare related variables using multiple logistic regression. All reported odds ratios were considered statistically significant at the p ≤ 0.05 level. Study 1 found different determinants to CRC screening between the AA subgroups. Study 2 revealed ethnic and gender variances in CRC screening among the AA subgroups. Chi-square analyses showed gender variances in CRC screening among the total women sample and Japanese compared to their respective counterparts. Multiple logistic regression results further revealed ethnic and gender variances in CRC screening even after controlling for other covariates. Study 3 revealed that having high limited English proficiency decreased the odds for physician’s recommendation for Chinese; being employed decreased the odds for Filipino; and having insurance decreased the odds for Korean. Wide array of determinants influence AA subgroups’ colorectal cancer screening practice (CCSP). Implications for policy, social work practice, and future research are evident from this dissertation. Researchers should remain cognizant of unique factors that play an influential role in subgroup’s decision to complete CRC screening; and further investigate potentially important but understudied and misunderstood determinants of CCSP presented in this dissertation. In turn, intervention efforts should be tailored to highlight the cultural strengths of each distinct subgroup and to address their unique needs and barriers to CRC screening.
S2507 Refeeding Syndrome Presenting With Liver Chemistry Abnormalities

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: Refeeding syndrome can be defined as the potentially fatal shifts in fluids and electrolytes that may occur in malnourished patients, typical within 4 days of receiving enteral or parenteral feeding. The syndrome includes abnormalities in glucose, protein, fat metabolism, thiamine deficiency, hypokalemia and hypomagnesaemia along with neurologic, pulmonary, cardiac, neuromuscular, hematological complications. We present a case of a patient with refeeding syndrome presenting with liver chemistry abnormalities. CASE DESCRIPTION/METHODS: The patient is a 69 year old woman with a past medical history of recurrent CVA and left hemiplegia who was admitted with choking and difficulty eating,which was suggestive of recrudescence of stroke. Since her stroke, she had developed severe malnutrition and was advised for PEG placement. She initially refused but returned with two weeks later with decreased oral intake and weight loss.The patient was found to have electrolyte abnormalities (K 2.0meq, Mg 1.5meq, phosphate 2.1meq, albumin 1.6 g/dL), raised liver enzymes (AST 490 U/L, ALT 374 U/L, ALP158 U/L, Bilirubin 0.6 mg/dl). Abdominal ultrasound showed diffusely echogenic liver and diffuse hepatic steatosis without evidence of acute cholecystitis or biliary obstruction.Electrolytes, thiamine, and folated were repleted aggressively.Proteins and calorie requirements were calculated and the patient was started on oral diet with nutritional supplementation. Electrolytes and liver chemistries improved after continued feeding. DISCUSSION: This patient had severe electrolyte abnormalities including hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypophosphatemia with elevated liver enzymes. Early recognition and appropriate treatment with fluids, electrolytes, calories, and proteins, vitamin supplements is crucial in the management of refeeding syndrome. AST and ALT levels are usually above 1000 U/L in patients with severe malnutrition before effective feeding but in those with refeeding syndrome (AST, ALT <500). Liver ultrasonography may be helpful for distinguishing refeeding syndrome from starvation-induced liver enzyme elevation. If the liver is large and shows high echogenicity on ultrasonography, refeeding syndrome should be suspected. If the liver is small or normal in size and shows normal echogenicity, starvation should be suspected.Identifying high risk patients like elderly and those with dysphagia and stroke is important for early recognition of refeeding syndrome and to avoid its complications and mortality.