jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE ROLE OF THE SHARIA SUPERVISORY BOARD IN GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PERFORMANCE

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

There is little doubt that sound corporate governance is the foundation for the quick rise of Sharia banks. One of Indonesia's most well-known Islamic banks is Bank Muamalat, which has grown significantly in popularity. Bank Muamalat Indonesia needs the Sharia Supervisory Board (DPS) to monitor its activities and ensure they align with sound corporate governance standards. Law No. 21 Article 32 of 2008, which strengthens PBI regulations, and Bank Indonesia Regulation No. 11/33/PBI/2009 are two further regulatory references that DPS uses for oversight. This study evaluates the efficacy of the DPS-implemented rules, namely Law No. 21 Article 32 of 2008 and Bank Indonesia Regulation No. 11/33/PBI/2009. This study uses normative legal research with a research approach using the statute approach and a conceptual approach. This study shows that due to the legal effectiveness carried out by DPS in its regulations, namely Bank Indonesia Regulation No. 11/33/PBI/2009 and Law No. 21 Article 32 of 2008, DPS has been quite effective in carrying out its duties by laws and regulations. This is evidenced by the implementation and absence of violations committed by DPS while carrying out their duties as supervisors. DPS Education Background is very influential in becoming a member of DPS. Unfortunately, in the GCG report of Bank Muamalat Indonesia, there is no mention of the development made by the institution in improving the competence of the National Supervisory Board.
ELM- and MCSCKF-based state of charge estimation for lithium-ion batteries

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in electric vehicles and energy storage systems. As a prerequisite for the safe and efficient application of lithium-ion batteries, battery management systems have received extensive attention worldwide. Among these prerequisites, the state of charge (SOC), as the basic parameter of battery management system online application, is crucial for the safe and efficient operation of battery management systems. However, measurement noise decreases the accuracy and robustness of the state of charge estimation. To reduce the impact of noise on the state of charge estimation of lithium-ion batteries, a novel SOC estimation method based on an extreme learning machine and a maximum correlation entropy square root volumetric Kalman filter is proposed in this paper. First, the extreme learning machine is used as the measurement equations of the Kalman filter because of its good generalization and fast running speed, and the voltage and current are selected as the model input; second, on the basis of the gray wolf optimization algorithm, the extreme learning machine hyperparameters are thoroughly optimized to improve the accuracy of the state of charge estimation for lithium-ion batteries; finally, on the basis of the framework of the maximum correlation entropy square root volumetric Kalman filter, a closed-loop estimation is realized to further reduce the state of charge estimation error caused by the measurement noise of voltage and current. The proposed method can simplify the time-consuming parameter adjustment of an extreme learning machine and show superior robustness under low-quality measurement. The proposed method is validated under multiple drive cycles and a wide temperature range to verify its generalization performance. The test results show that the proposed method substantially improves the accuracy of lithium-ion battery state of charge estimation. At the same time, the average running time of the proposed method is only one-third of that of long short memory neural networks and gate recurrent unit neural networks. Under complex driving conditions and a large temperature range, the root mean square error of the proposed method is less than 1%, and the maximum error is less than 3%. Furthermore, two case experiments are performed to evaluate the robustness of the proposed closed-loop estimation approach, and the results obtained when data have an initial state of charge error and measurement noise verify the superior robustness of the proposed approach compared with long short memory neural networks and gate recurrent unit neural networks.
To <italic>Cloudify</italic> or Not to <italic>Cloudify</italic>: The Question for a Scientific Data Center

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The idea of turning data centers executing scientific batch jobs into private clouds is as attractive as troubling. Cloud platforms may help both in limiting power consumption and in implementing fault tolerance strategies. However, there is also the fear that performance may worsen, and that the electricity required for longer job duration and fault tolerance implementation may overcome the saved one. In this paper, we present the consumability analysis for assessing the impact of cloud and fault tolerance tunings on scientific processing systems. The analysis considers performance, consumption, and dependability aspects, jointly. The aim is to pinpoint if, for a given system, there is a setting where consumption and job failure rate decrease, while performance is not affected. Applied to the scientific data center at our University, the analysis allowed us to find the proper selection of virtual machines' configuration, consolidation strategy, and fault tolerance tuning.
[Circulatory changes with urapidil (Ebrantil) in general and regional anesthesia. Studies with normo- and hypertensive patients].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Urapidil (Ebrantil) is a new antihypertensive agent exerting central and peripheral action which is recognized for the treatment of both chronic and acute hypertension. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the extent of the antihypertensive effect of urapidil in various forms of general or regional anaesthesia. To this end, a retrospective analysis was first carried out on the typical reactions of the circulatory system in 200 patients during either neuroleptanalgesia with diazepam and droperidol, or halothane, enflurane or intrathecal local anaesthesia. In a prospective study, each of 5 normo- or hypertensive patients undergoing elective surgery with one of the aforementioned anaesthetic procedures received 50 mg urapidil intravenously 25-30 min after start of anaesthesia. Blood pressure and heart rate measurements were performed for up to 24 h after the injection. Whereas anaesthesia alone caused a moderate drop in systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 3.1 and 2.1%, respectively (in normotensive patients), and of 12.0 and 6.7%, respectively (in hypertensive patients), urapidil caused a further significant fall in blood pressure in the hypertensive patients within a few minutes, but not in the normotensive groups. This effect was particularly pronounced under spinal anaesthesia and usually persisted until the end of the operation. Heart rate was (not significantly) increased for a few minutes after administration of urapidil. Temporary blood pressure reduction to hypotensive values was observed in 2 of the 50 patients only. From the results it is concluded that urapidil is an effective and relatively safe drug for the treatment of elevated blood pressure during routine surgery. Even if it has been administered on the basis of wrong indication (e.g. hypertensive phases as a result of insufficient anaesthesia), it rarely will cause blood pressure to fall to undesired low levels after anaesthesia has been normalized.
Radiology in Diagnosis of Coeliac Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

JOURNALx 163 giving the following findings: (1) 66 (71 %) were assessed as recovered or much improved; (2) in 90 % of these 66 cases recovery appeared to have occurred within two years of first attendance; (3) no relation could be demonstrated between outcome and psychiatric in-patient or supportive out-patient treatment; (4) for female patients but not for males a history of previous psychiatric illness was associated with an unfavourable outcome; (5) for patients of both sexes a short duration of illness before the key consultation was related to a favourable outcome; and (6) the frequency with which abnormal personality characteristics were observed at follow-up has prompted the hypothesis that persons with such traits are peculiarly liable to neurosis.
Moving towards a (microbiological) environmental monitoring programme that can be used to release aseptically produced pharmaceuticals: a hypothesis, a practical programme, and some results.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

We present, in detail, the (microbiological) environmental monitoring programme for cleanrooms that is in use at the RIVM. The parameters that are measured are: Total airborne particles of 0.5 micron and larger, airborne colony forming units (cfu's), cfu's on surfaces, cfu's on fingertips of gloves and settling cfu's. Most attention is paid to areas where critical handling is performed (class A areas). In these areas sampling is performed continuously during work. The areas surrounding class A areas are seen as a necessary environment to create a class A area and are called supporting areas. Changes in these supporting areas that will adversely effect the quality of the class A area, will be detected in the continuous sampling of the class A area. Sampling the supporting areas should only bring forward whether the measured parameters of these areas are consistent. The frequency of sampling, either weekly, monthly or three monthly, is based on the data obtained in previous sampling. In addition to the programme some data are presented. These data indicate that the values of the earlier mentioned parameters are not particularly dependent upon the lay-out or classification of areas, but rather on the use of the areas, and how the operators behave in them. The results support the concept of our sampling schedule, that relevant information about the production areas can be gathered with relatively little effort. Evaluating the programme, we conclude that the main missing element is a known relation between the results of environmental monitoring and contamination of products. We strongly advocate research that could result in establishing such a relation.
Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 Plasmids by Cationic Gold Nanorods: Impact of the Aspect Ratio on Genome Editing and Treatment of Hepatic Fibrosis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 machineries into living cells and tissues is of paramount importance in a wide range of therapeutic applications, yet the shortage of delivery vectors that can efficiently deliver large CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids has severely impeded its applications from complicated and diverse genome-editing contexts. Herein, we demonstrate that cationic polymer-coated gold nanorods (AuNRs) with a high aspect ratio (AR) exhibit a unique manner to assemble DNA, excellent capability to mediate internalization, and strong ability to escape endosomes. The intracellular delivery mediated by cationic nanorods of a high AR enables Cas9-mediated genome editing and dCas9-mediated transcriptional activation, and in vivo delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid-targeting Fas by cationic AuNRs can successfully protect the mice from liver fibrosis. The current study reveals how nanomaterials with a particular structure contribute to genome-editing activity and defines a new method for the efficient delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids.
Epsilon-aminocaproic acid therapy for dental extractions in haemophiliacs.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

MEDITALJSHoUR 1633 3.In pregnant patients with severe anaemia (whether irondeficiency or megaloblastic in type) who are near term.The potential hazards of post-partum haemor- rhage or an operative procedure exists, as in every parturient.In the haemolytic type of anaemia due to sickle-cell disease and malaria seen in Western Nigeria Fullerton and Turner (1962) have also shown the value of exchange transfusion. SummaryA study is presented of the indications and effects of exchange transfusion in gynaecology and obstetrics.The investigation includes a detailed study of 50 consecutive patients who on admission had a haemoglobin level below 4.4 g./ 100 ml. (30%).These patients were assigned by the method of random sampling to receive either an exchange transfusion or a slow packed-cell transfusion.In no case was the cardiac function, clotting mechanism, or electrolyte balance in any way impaired, nor was there any evidence of citrate toxicity.Subsequent exchange transfusion of a further 31 patients lends support to our finding that exchange transfusion is a safe procedure, the indications for which have been discussed.Thus exchange transfusion is of great value to the woman in anaemic cardiac failure, and to the severely anaemic patient who is pregnant, is approaching delivery, or requires an urgent gynae- cological or obstetrical operation.We are grateful to Professor J. Lawson, of University College Hospital, Ibadan, for valuable suggestions in the initial stages of this study, and to Dr. J. Powell, of the University of Natal, for
The undulator beamline at the SRS Daresbury

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The design and performance of the undulator beamline 5U.1 at the SRS used for soft x-ray spectroscopy is reported and compared with the theoretical expectation of the intensity, resolution, and polarization. The beamline consists of a ten-period permanent magnet variable gap undulator followed by an entrance slitless plane grating monochromator. The energy region covered is from 0.1 to 1 keV. The design is similar to the SX700 but uses a spherical instead of an ellipsoidal focusing mirror. To eliminate the large horizontal beam width at the exit slit the beamline has been modified to include a post-focusing mirror. The spherical focusing mirror has been changed to one with a larger radius resulting in a decreased demagnification, thereby essentially eliminating primary coma. The monochromator contains an ion-etched and lamellar profile 1200-lines/mm plane grating of Pt-coated CVD SiC on a graphite substrate. The high flux of the undulator makes the beam line suitable for SEXAFS studies and for work involving soft x-ray fluorescence detection. The combination of high flux and high resolution is especially advantageous for atomic and molecular spectroscopy and to resolve the quasiatomic structures which are observed in localized 3d transition metal compounds.
Embolija sa vazduhom tokom karotidne dilatacije sa stentom

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We presented the case of endovascular treatment of the restenosis of the carotid artery occurring after carotid endarterectomy. We have shown the need of applying the protection systems during the endovascular procedure, in order to prevent the distal embolisation caused by ahterosclerotic debris and/or air.
Comparative study on production performance, carcass quality and economic return of Kamphaengsaen Beef fed variety of diets.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A current study was performed to study effect of fed variety on production performance, carcass quality and economic return in Kamphaengsaen Beef. Fifteen steers were assigned to Completely Randomized Design (CRD). There were divided into 3 groups with 5 steers; group 1 = fed with total mixed ration (TMR), group 2 = fed with concentrate + paragrass (CON) and group 3 = fed with major grass (Organic fed; ORG). The results showed that average daily gain, carcass percentage and kidney fat percentage of TMR and CON fed higher than those of ORG fed. Meanwhile the TMR fed had lower shear force value than CON and ORG fed (P<0.01). The TMR and CON fed were higher production cost than those ORG fed (P<0.01), however they have economic return higher than those ORG fed.
Immunity from Suit for International Organizations: The Judiciary's New Que of Separating Lawsuit Sheep from Lawsuit Goats

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In 1945, the United States Congress enacted the International Organizations Immunities Act (IOIA). Section 288a(b) of the act grants international organizations "the same immunity from suit and every form of judicial process as is enjoyed by foreign governments." The ensuing issue has been whether "the same immunity" means the immunity enjoyed in 1945, or whether it has evolved together with the body of law on sovereign immunity.
Modified graphene for energy conversion and storage applications

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In current society, global energy consumption has been rising at an astonishing speed because of the massive use of the electrical machines and equipments. Practically, electrical energy is the end product of many power processes. So study of electrical energy conversion and storage is a meaningful job towards practical applications. Graphene, one atomic sp2-bonded planar carbon sheet, has been theoretically and experimentally reported as a promising candidate in energy conversion and storage field due to its unique and outstanding properties. However, towards the advantage technologies of graphene-based materials, there still remain some challenges. Zero-band gap, low measured surface area caused by restacking, and poor reaction activity would all become bottlenecks for graphene in its great potential applications. These constitute the driving forces behind the exploration of graphene modification. In this thesis, we focused on the targeted synthesis of modified graphene using different physical or chemical methods. We have successfully modified graphene with local disorder, pores, and foreign nitrogen atoms respectively and achieved corresponding enhanced performances in electrical energy conversion (thermoelectric energy conversion) and storage (supercapacitor) applications. Firstly, local disorder was introduced into the CVD few-layer graphene films using plasma. For such disorder-modified few-layer graphene, the maximum thermopower could be strongly increased up to ~700 μV/K and the resulted power factor could reach as high as ~4.5×10-3 W K-2m-1, which was 15 times higher than the original one. Although the large-scale production of graphene using CVD method is still a challenge, this work experimentally opens up a new possibility for graphene in the application of thermoelectric energy conversion. Secondly, pores were generated in the structure of graphene frameworks through a facile thermal treatment of graphene oxides with the aid of intercalated nitric acid. The nitric acid not only favors the generation of pores into graphene but also facilitates the expansion of graphene. The specific surface area of such graphene frameworks was as high as 463 m2/g and the pore volume reached up to 2.23 cm3/g. When tested as supercapacitor electrodes, the graphene frameworks showed attractive energy storage performance, e.g. ~370 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g in 6 M NaOH electrolyte. This value was much higher than that of the sample without such treatment (~195 F/g at 1 A/g). Finally, nitrogen-modified few-layer graphene was prepared with the aid of melamine. The advantage of this approach lied in that the few-layer graphene was obtained directly from the graphite flakes and the structure avoided heavy damage like chemically derived graphene. We also studied the supercapacitor performances of such modified graphene and found the capacitances could reach ~220 F/g.
Propagation modeling for land mobile satellite communications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Satellite systems are being planned for two-way communication with mobile vehicles using UHF and L-band frequencies. Of special concern in the system design are the characteristics of propagation in suburban and rural areas where fading occurs due to multipath effects and vegetative shadowing. A review of the literature was performed to study these propagation impairments. Available experimental data are examined, compared, and summarized. Propagation through vegetation is studied in order to compare reported modeling efforts and to determine the parameter dependences of path loss. A simple deterministic path model is then presented to estimate vegetative path loss. An overall statistical model is also proposed to describe the signal level fading statistics. The statistical model is compared to data, and the deterministic path model is used to determine the mean of signal level distribution functions in the presence of shadowing.
Prioritise adaptation options

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Explorations of adaptation options (cf. Chapter 9) typically identify more adaptation options than can reasonably be implemented, especially in the short term. Deciding what to do first is often as important as deciding what to do at all (Füssel 2007). Thus, specific adaptation actions need to be selected based on criteria. In the majority of cases, different types of adaptation actions should be realised, as there will hardly ever be a clear optimum or one definitive solution. Stakeholder discussions and agreement (cf. Chapter 8) on the main objectives, the criteria and their weighting for the prioritisation of adaptation options are very useful for transparency in the decision-making process.
Additional file 4: Figure S3. of Preliminary comparative genomics revealed pathogenic potential and international spread of Staphylococcus argenteus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Pan-genome features and related COG functional categories of SAC and S. aureus. The S. aureus and SAC pan-genomes were grouped into four categories: UQ, unique genes; VR, variable genes; CV, core-variable genes; CR, core genes. (a & b): The number of genes in each pan-genome category (y-axis) for a given number of genomes (x-axis) was computed and is presented for (a) SAC and (b) S. aureus. The upper and lower edges of the boxes indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles, respectively, and the horizontal black lines indicate the 50th percentile for 1000 computations where the order of genome input was random. Hollow dots represent abnormal values. Regression analysis of the four SAC curves fitted to the following functions: CR, P(N) = −211.1ln(N) + 2539.4, R 2 = 0.9814; CR + CV, P(N) = 2445.6 N -0.051, R 2 = 0.9365; CR + CV + VR, P(N) = 247.53ln(N) + 2733.6, R 2 = 0.9638; CR + CV + VR + UQ, P(N) = 2604.5 N 0.1232, R 2 = 0.9995. Regression analysis of four S. aureus curves fitted functions as follows: CR, P(N) = −246.4ln(N) + 2616.7, R 2 = 0.9932; CR + CV, P(N) = 2571 N -0.062, R 2 = 0.9696; CR + CV + VR, P(N) = 211.25ln(N) + 2755.1, R 2 = 0.9572; CR + CV + VR + UQ, P(N) = 2654.4 N 0.1164, R 2 = 0.9994. (c & d) The number of genes in each pan-genome group (UQ, VR, CV, or CR) was determined for each functional group (Cluster of Orthologous Groups, or COGs) for both (c) SAC and (d) S. aureus. COG codes: C, Energy production and conversion; D, Cell cycle control, cell division; E, Amino acid transport and metabolism; F, Nucleotide transport and metabolism; G, Carbohydrate transport and metabolism; H, Coenzyme transport and metabolism; I, Lipid transport and metabolism; J, Translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis; K, Transcription; L, Replication, recombination and repair; M, Cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis; N, Cell motility; O, Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones; P, Inorganic ion transport and metabolism; Q, Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism; R, General function prediction only; S, Function unknown; T, Signal transduction mechanisms; U, Intracellular trafficking, secretion, and vesicular transport; V, Defense mechanisms; W, Extracellular structures; X, Mobilome, prophages, transposons. (PDF 371 kb)