jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hacking the museum? Collections makerspaces and power inLondon cultural institutions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

What happens when the spaces of grassroots digital subcultures encounter those of institutions? This thesis examines the phenomenon of ‘collections makerspaces’, or public spaces within cultural institutions that encourage experimental interactions with cultural artefacts through digitally-mediated making and learning practices.

I begin by working from a genealogical approach to locate collections makerspaces as parts of a wider historical lineage of sociotechnical transformations amongst makerspaces (from hackspaces to media labs) and cultural institutions in the U.K. from the 1970s onward, relations increasingly characterised by institutional partnerships. I engage with a critical theoretical framework of space and power to explore how the spatiality of collections makerspaces is constituted out of the practices, imaginaries and relations of multiple actors. This enables me to situate space-making as a process, which may reinforce or resist institutional logics.

I then explore the empirical findings of my fieldwork as researcher-in-residence at four collections makerspaces in London at Tate Britain, Tate Modern, the British Museum and the Wellcome Collection. Working with a qualitative ethnographic and action research methodology, I draw from 255 hours of participant observation, 67 chats with site users, expert interviews with 38 facilitators, and 4 creative interventions to explore the circumstances of each field site, the experiences of those who are involved in it, and how it interacts with its host institution.

I conclude by arguing that collections makerspaces provide significant value to cultural institutions and publics alike, because they facilitate new opportunities for the cultural hegemony of museum logics to be examined, contested and transformed through material participation. I propose the spatial frame of ‘decoupaged space’ as a lens to explore the informal cultural production of other kinds of co-creational digital spaces within institutions. This allows me to assert the broader social impacts of sites of this kind, by articulating the powergeometries of agency, access, diversity and mobility that they can reframe.
Simulated discharge system of prescription and long‐term drug treatment in a psychiatric hospital

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The drug sheets of patients resident in a psychiatric hospital for more than 1 year were reviewed. The simulated discharge system involving the re‐writing of drug sheets every 12 weeks was in operation, but there was only a slight increase in prescription changes at the time of renewal; 35.4 % of prescriptions had been unchanged for 1 year and 4.3 % for 5 years. A high proportion of long‐term prescriptions were for purgatives, hypnotics and neuroleptics.
Research on Interception Order Modeling of Air Targets

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In order to evaluate the threat level of air targets objectively, based on comprehensive consideration the influence factors of threat level of air targets and operational capabilities of weapon system, an improved method of TOPSIS is presented, which is used in comparing and ordering of air targets, and the targets interception order model is also proposed, the optimal solution and the index weights are got by Lagrange multiplier method. Combined with the typical scenario, analysis of example simulation is done and the results show that the method and the model are feasible.
Biostimulants in initial Growth of DiscoveryTM Bermudagrass

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The use of bacteria and seaweed extracts as biostimulants to enhance plant growth holds promise for sustainable turfgrass management. This study aimed to investigate the effects of soil application of Azospirillum brasilense (bacterium) and Ascophyllum nodosum (seaweed) extract on the initial growth of DiscoveryTM bermudagrass. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design with plots measuring 0.25 m², each with a 0.5 m border. Two separate experiments were conducted, each involving four doses of biostimulants and five repetitions. The biostimulant treatments consisted of 0, 2, 4, and 6 mL L¹ A. brasilense inoculant and 0, 5, 10, and 15 mL L¹ A. nodosum seaweed extract. These treatments were uniformly applied to the soil at a rate of 100 mL m², with applications at 0, 30, and 60 days after the start of the experiment. After 90 days, the parameters green color index, green cover rate, turfgrass height, and vegetation index (normalized difference), were evaluated. The results indicated that both biostimulants significantly promoted the initial growth of DiscoveryTM bermudagrass. As the doses of the biostimulants increased, there was a corresponding increase in biomass and improved development of the turfgrass. The most pronounced responses were observed with a dose of 6 mL L¹ of the bacteria inoculant and 15 mL L¹ of the seaweed extract. These biostimulants fostered better turf coverage, making it challenging for weeds to establish, and potentially accelerating the production of sod grass.
Issues Related to Low Productivity of Maize in Haryana

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In India, maize is next in importance only to rice and wheat and has acreage around 8.36 m.ha with a production of 16.72 mt during 2009-10. Haryana state grows maize in an area of 12,000 ha, with production of 27,000 tonnes. With reduction of groundwater in state, the farmers are shifting from unprofitable rice cultivation towards maize cultivation as it can be managed with 3–4 light irrigations. While cultivating the maize crop, the farmers come across various problems like less availability or non availability of the seed, improper irrigation facilities, adulteration in fertilizers, less availability of farm yard manure, etc. It is essential to understand the constraints in scientific maize cultivation practices to enhance the productivity. The study was conducted in two purposively selected progressive districts in Haryana during 2006-07. From each selected district two blocks, from each block two villages and from each village group of farmers were selected. The constraints in adoption of selected practices i.e., use of high yielding varieties ( HYV), application of farm yard manure (FYM), application of synthetic nitrogenous fertilizer and irrigation were ascertained by asking open-ended questions to a group of farmer respondents using PRA tools, viz., focused group interview. These constraints were ranked by one key informant from each selected village of the study area by using preference ranking technique. The practice wise most serious constraint faced by the farmers in cultivating maize crop were less availability of quality seed at right time in use of HYV, less availability of dung due to mechanization in application of FYM, less availability of soil testing facility in nearby areas in application of synthetic nitrogenous fertilizer and less availability of electricity for operating pump set in irrigation. The suggestions given by farmers to overcome the constraints include promoting seed production of suited hybrid in selected village, supplementing dung with green manure, vermicompost, microbial culture etc for preparing FYM, providing soil testing facility in the village and to make electricity available during peak period. These suggestions will be helpful in enhancing productivity of maize in the state if due considerations would be given to it.
DETECTION OF ABNORMAL CHANGE IN A TIME SERIES OF GRAPHS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the management of large enterprise communication networks, it becomes difficult to detect and identify causes of abnormal change in traffic distributions when the underlying logical topology is dynamic. This paper describes a novel approach to abnormal network change detection by representing periodic observations of logical communications within a network as a time series of graphs. A number of graph distance measures are proposed to assess the difference between successive graphs and identify abnormal behaviour. Localisation techniques have also been described to show where in the network most change occurred.
Assessing and counteracting the prooxidant effects of anticancer drugs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

SummaryThe relationship between peroxide generation and respective cellular damage, triggering various biochemical consequences is first discussed. Then we review the prooxidant effects of various anticancer drugs including anthracyclines and bleomycin, platinum derivatives and the N- and S-mustards. We present and discuss some experimental results on peroxidase inhibition by drugs such as zinc salts, almitrine, deferoxamine, which had previously been tested as efficient in vivo treatment on chlormethine intoxication. In an overview we propose that not only ionizing radiations and anticancer drugs, but also promoters and initiators of cancer might all generate free radicals, in turn triggering oxidative processes generating endogenous peroxides, then probably amplifying the deleterious biological response. The possible limitations of drug therapies decreasing peroxide generation are presented.
A preliminary assessment of the performance of the African economy in 1987 and prospects for 1988

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Preliminary data available at the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa on the state of African national economies in 1994 point to a modest increase in the regional economic growth rate. We estimate that during 1994, African economic output has grown by 2.8 per cent, up from 1.1 per cent in 1993 and -0.3 per cent in 1992. This notwithstanding, income per head is still declining and the region is continuing to lose ground both in absolute and relative terms. Over the period 1990-1994, GDP has in fact declined at a rate of 1.5 per cent per annum. Over this period, the proportion of the population living under conditions of poverty has increased at an even faster rate. This applies to both the rural areas where the economy continued to decline and the cities where efforts at fostering growth and job creation in the industrial and service sectors have yielded poor results.
Nowcasting tracks of severe convective storms in West Africa from observations of land surface state

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In tropical convective climates, where numerical weather prediction of rainfall has high uncertainty, nowcasting provides essential alerts of extreme events several hours ahead. In principle, short-term prediction of intense convective storms could benefit from knowledge of the slowly evolving land surface state in regions where soil moisture controls surface fluxes. Here we explore how near-real time (NRT) satellite observations of the land surface and convective clouds can be combined to aid early warning of severe weather in the Sahel on time scales of up to 12 h. Using land surface temperature (LST) as a proxy for soil moisture deficit, we characterise the state of the surface energy balance in NRT. We identify the most convectively active parts of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) from spatial filtering of cloud-top temperature imagery. We find that predictive skill provided by LST data is maximised early in the rainy season, when soils are drier and vegetation less developed. Land-based skill in predicting intense convection extends well beyond the afternoon, with strong positive correlations between daytime LST and MCS activity persisting as far as the following morning in more arid conditions. For a Forecasting Testbed event during September 2021, we developed a simple technique to translate LST data into NRT maps quantifying the likelihood of convection based solely on land state. We used these maps in combination with convective features to nowcast the tracks of existing MCSs, and predict likely new initiation locations. This is the first time to our knowledge that nowcasting tools based principally on land observations have been developed. The strong sensitivity of Sahelian MCSs to soil moisture, in combination with MCS life times of typically 6–18 h, opens up the opportunity for nowcasting of hazardous weather well beyond what is possible from atmospheric observations alone, and could be applied elsewhere in the semi-arid tropics.
Effects of age on toxicity to freshwater algae of water soluble extracts of No. 2 fuel oil

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The effects of fresh-prepared, 4-day-aged and 8-dayaged Ho. 2 fuel oil water soluble fractions on the growth of Selenastrum capricornutum were investigated. The freshprepared water soluble fraction inhibits both the growth rate and cell yield of S. capricornutum. Its toxicity decreases after four days but there is still residual toxicity. This residual toxicity decreases very slowly; the effects of the 8day-aged water soluble fraction on S. capricornutum are comparable with those of the 4-day-aged one. The components of the water soluble fractions were identified by a mass spectrometer interfaced to a gas chromatograph. The major components are aromatic compounds, of which, the benzene and indene derivatives volatilize '.very quickly. Naphthalene and methyl naphthalenes volatilize in four days. However, the di-aromatic and tri-aromatic compounds, having boiling points higher than naphthalene,are still in the medium after 8 days. Sixteen component compounds were chosen for chemical analysis and toxicity testing. The concentrations of these compounds in the fresh-prepared , 4-day-aged and 8-day-aged water soluble fractions were determined, and their toxicities were investigated by "algal lavra" technique. The concentration distribution test on the agarized medium shows that the concentrations of naphthalene and phenanthrene are comparable at a selected distance after diffusing in the medium for four days. The results indicate that methyl, dimethyl and trimethyl naphthalenes are more toxic than naphthalene. The most toxic compounds are dibenzofuran, fluorene, phenanthrene and dibenzothiophene, v/hich have high boiling points.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS CLINICAL VARIANTS AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Account Register Activate Subscription Help Subscribe American Academy of Neurology Login Enter your Email address: Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. Subscribe to eTOC Journal logo Issues Current IssueBack Issues CollectionsMedia Continuum AudioVideo Gallery CMEAbout About ContinuumAbout Continuum AudioSubscription Details and AccessEditorial BoardEditorial and Publishing ContactsInformation for AuthorsAAN/WFN Continuum EducationAbout AANRights and PermissionsReprints
Toward Quantum Secured Distributed Energy Resources: Adoption of Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) and Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Quantum computing is a game-changing technology that affects modern cryptography and security systems including distributed energy resources (DERs) systems. Since the new quantum era is coming soon in 5–10 years, it is crucial to prepare and develop quantum-safe DER systems. This paper provides a comprehensive review of vulnerabilities caused by quantum computing attacks, potential defense strategies, and remaining challenges for DER networks. First, new security vulnerabilities and attack models of the cyber-physical DER systems caused by quantum computing attacks are explored. Moreover, this paper introduces potential quantum attack defense strategies including Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC), which can be applied to DER networks and evaluates defense strategies. Finally, remaining research opportunities and challenges for next-generation quantum-safe DER are discussed.
LQG optimal controller synthesis with robust optimization in multivariable systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper presents an algorithm to synthesize a controller for treating the problem of robustness optimization in an LQG (linear‐quadratic‐Gaussian) control system. The controller not only maximizes the excess stability margin in perturbed system but also minimizes the cost functional J in LQG problems by specifying two frequency dependent weighting matrices Q(s) and R(s) in the cost functional. Our approach is based on Wiener‐Hopf's technique (frequency domain approach), and two weighting matrices in cost functional are shaped by inverse LQG method. The feature of this paper is that the plant of the system has no stable, proper, square, and minimum phase constraints.
Stigmata and the Cupids of Piazza Armerina

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Cupids depicted in the early fourth-century CE mosaics of the Roman villa at Piazza Armerina in Sicily are marked with a V on their foreheads; this has been explained as a symbol connected to a workshop. I adduce evidence from Roman literature and from the artistic tradition of Cupid in Roman art that suggests the mark is, in fact, the stigma, a tattoo regularly applied by the Romans to people convicted of serious crimes. This adds a new iconographic component to the well-known artistic repertoire of Cupid Punished in Roman art. I suggest ways in which the motif may have functioned in the context of the iconography of the villa's mosaics.
How does receiving gossip from coworkers influence employees’ task performance and interpersonal deviance? The moderating roles of regulatory focus and the mediating role of vicarious learning

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Based on social learning theory and regulatory focus theory, we propose that receiving positive and negative gossip from coworkers increases individuals’ vicarious learning, which subsequently improves their adaptive behaviours in the workplace, namely, increasing task performance and decreasing interpersonal deviance. Furthermore, we propose that gossip receivers’ regulatory foci determine the extent to which receivers engage in vicarious learning and change their behaviours. Results from two studies testing a moderated mediation model (Study 1: N = 214; Study 2: N = 189) showed that negative and positive gossip were indirectly related to increased receivers’ task performance and decreased interpersonal deviance through vicarious learning. The indirect effect of negative gossip was stronger for receivers with a high prevention focus, and the indirect effect of positive gossip was stronger for receivers with a high promotion focus. This research documents the beneficial role of receiving gossip from coworkers and advances our understanding of its consequences in the workplace. Practitioner points Managers should recognize gossip as a potentially effective channel for disseminating information, providing a valuable learning tool for the receivers, which they use according to their learning needs, as shaped by their regulatory focus. Organizations could implement measures to share experiences and bolster employees’ vicarious learning through other means than gossip to mitigate potential negative effects of workplace gossip for the targets. Managers should support higher transparency and access to information to facilitate learning and improve organizational effectiveness.
OTU-08 HeAL (HIV non-virAl liver disease) study: the role of alcohol, metabolic syndrome or HIV itself?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction

In view of advances in viral hepatitis treatment, future chronic liver disease (CLD) in people living with HIV (PLWH) is likely to be due to non-viral hepatitis aetiologies. Potential contributors include alcohol, metabolic syndrome (MS) or antiretrovirals (ARV). Understanding risk factors and early recognition of CLD is essential to prevent long-term morbidity and mortality. This prospective cohort study investigates the prevalence and predictors of CLD in PLWH with abnormal liver function.

Methods

Inclusion criteria were PLWH, negative viral hepatitis serology and elevated transaminases over 6 months. Consenting individuals completed an Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), underwent MS assessment and transient elastography. Study definitions: significant hepatic steatosis (SHS) - controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) ≥237dB/m; significant hepatic fibrosis (SHF) and cirrhosis - liver stiffness measurement ≥7.1 kPa and ≥11.5 kPa respectively. SHF risk factors consisted of MS, hazardous drinking (AUDIT≥8) and hepatotoxic ARV use.

Results

Of 429 eligible individuals, 219 have been recruited. Mean age was 52.3±9.8 years, 92.2% were male, 96.3% with undetectable viral load, mean HIV duration of 15.8±7.6 years. Overall prevalence of SHS was 63% (n=137), and SHF was 21% (n=47), of whom 35 (74%) had SHS and 17 (36%) had cirrhosis. On binary logistic regression, HDL and AUDIT score were significantly associated with SHF whereas CD4 baseline, HIV duration, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, and duration on ARV were not. Predictors of SHS included BMI, HDL and AUDIT score. No classical risk factors were identified in 8 (17%) individuals with SHF but they had significantly shorter HIV duration and higher peak ALT compared to those with risk factors for SHF (table 1).

Conclusion

There is considerable liver disease burden in PLWH with elevated transaminases, with nearly 2/3 having SHS and 1/5 SHF. MS risk factors and alcohol use appear to predict both SHS and SHF. However, one fifth of individuals with SHF have no identifiable risk factors, raising the real possibility of immune dysregulation or direct hepatotoxicity of HIV in this subpopulation. Our data highlights the need to implement screening strategies for CLD in PLWH alone to ensure timely Hepatology input, and the importance of providing appropriate advice regarding alcohol intake and weight loss.
Electron-Impact Ionization Cross Sections. IV. Group IVb Atoms

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The electron-impact ionization cross sections for Ag, Ge, Sn, and Pb have been measured relative to one another by quantitatively vaporizing known amounts of material in a mass spectrometer. For 60-eV impacting electrons, the relative single ionization cross sections are found to be (1.00), 1.46±0.3, 1.46±0.16, and 1.43±0.1, respectively. The corresponding secondary-electron multiplier gains for 6.4-keV ions are (1.00), 1.04, 1.03, and 0.79, all ±5%. These experimental cross-section ratios are compared to the best available calculated values. From the absolute cross section for Pb of Beilina et al., that for Ag is 5.6×10−16 cm2.