jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Calculation of GHGs Emission from LULUCF-Cropland Sector in South Korea

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF) is one of the greenhouse gas inventory sectors that cover emission and removals of greenhouse gases resulting from land use such as agricultural activities and land use change. Particularly, LULUCF-Cropland sector consists of carbon stock changes in soil, N2O emissions from disturbance associated with land use conversion to cropland, and CO2 emission from agricultural lime application. In this paper, we conducted the study to calculate the greenhouse gases emission of LULUCF- Cropland sector in South Korea from 1990 to 2014. The emission by carbon stock changes, conversion to cropland and lime application in 2014 was 4424, 32, and 125 Gg CO2-eq, respectively. Total emission from the LULUCF- Cropland sector in 2014 was 4,582 Gg CO2-eq, increased by 508% since 1990 and decreased by 0.7% compared to the previous year. Total emission from this sector showed that the largest sink was the soil carbon and its increase trend in total emission in recent years was largely due to loss of cropland area. Trends in GHG emission from LULUCF-Cropland sector in South Korea.
Effects of dietary n -6: n -3 PUFA ratio on the growth performance, serum lipid and adipokine profiles, tissue fatty acid composition and gene expression of lipid metabolism of finishing pigs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Background The health benefits of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory and hypo-triglyceridemic properties, have been well documented. However, current dietary modification can easily lead to excessive concentrations of n-6 PUFA and an imbalance in the n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio, resulting in the pathogenesis of obesity and related diseases. This study investigated the effects of various dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios on the growth performance, blood lipid and cytokine profiles, tissue fatty acid composition, and gene expression involved in lipid metabolism in finishing pigs. Seventy-two crossbred [(Duroc × Landrace) × Yorkshire] finishing pigs (68.5 ± 1·8 kg) were fed one of four isoenergetic diets with n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 2:1, 3:1, 5:1 and 8:1. Results Pigs fed diets with n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 3:1 and 5:1 had a higher average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) (P < 0.05) and a lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P < 0.05). The concentrations of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) of pigs fed diets with n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 1:1 to 5:1 decreased (P < 0·05), whereas the ratio of concentrations of high-density to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C:LDL-C) in pigs fed a diet with an n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio of 2:1 increased (P < 0·05) compared with those fed a diet with an n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio of 8:1. Pigs fed a diet with n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 2:1 and 3:1 had lower concentrations of leptin (LEP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) (P < 0·05), and higher concentrations of adiponectin (APN) (P < 0·05) than those fed diets with n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 5:1 and 8:1. Diets with n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 2:1 and 3:1 markedly down-regulated the expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in both the longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT), but up-regulated the expression level of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aP2) in the LM. The expression levels of aP2 and hormone- sensitive lipase were similar to those of PPARγ in the SCAT. Conclusions This study demonstrated that dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios between 3:1 and 5:1 beneficially affected growth performance, optimize blood lipid and adipocytokine levels, enhanced absorption and deposition of n-3 PUFA and regulated lipid metabolism-related genes.
Geoelectric Exploration in the Tejon Ranch Area, California: ABSTRACT

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Tejon Ranch area discussed lies within the southern part of the San Joaquin Valley. Marine beds crop out around the border of the area, but the central portion is buried beneath thick continental deposits. Core holes and a few exploratory wells have been drilled while the remainder of the area has been explored by geoelectric work. The theory and operating technique of the electrical conductivity method employed in the geophysical work are given in detail. Comparison of results of drill holes with the geophysical predictions is given. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1519------------
Micro-scale Self-assembly of Long-range Ordered CuS Nanostructures

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Copper sulfide (CuS) due to its unique optical, electrical, and other physical and chemical properties, has been extensively studied in the areas of lithium batteries [1] and solar cell [2] , sensing, photothermal therapy, imaging, supercapacitance, drug delivery, cathode materials, nonlinear optical materials, and catalysis.Currently, varies of 3-D CuS have been successfully synthesized by hydrothermal and solvothermal methods.In these studies, the controlled synthesis of CuS caved superstructures are very interesting due to its highly geometrical shape. [3,4]However, long-range ordered structure of CuS has not been reported.In this study, a very simple, template-assistant solvothermal method was developed to synthesize microscale long-term orderly arrangement structure of CuS.This structure is self-assembled by a large number of hexagonal CuS nanoplates.
Effects of electric fields on electron transfer in photosynthetic reaction centers

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Long-distance electron transfer in photosynthetic reaction centers has been manipulated using applied electric fields. Information on the nature of excited states and the participation of the intervening medium on the reaction rate has been obtained. Several models have been tested using this method, which selectively perturbs dipolar states. A reasonable model for long distance electron transfer in this system, which may be generally useful as the basis for designing molecular electronic devices, has been proposed.< >
Fabrication of microdisks on silicon for photonic application

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

As silicon chips advance to future generations with higher densities of transistors and faster clock speeds, the problems with electrical interconnects to and on silicon chips become significantly worse. Silicon based optoelectronic integration offers the promise of low-cost solutions for optical communications and interconnects. While there have been many advances in silicon optoelectronic device performance, a room temperature electrically pumped, silicon laser is one of the last hurdles holding back large scale optical integration onto a silicon platform. Many approaches to light emission and amplification in silicon have been demonstrated including Raman lasers and amplifiers, nano-patterning, nanocrystalline-Si structures, and doping silicon rich oxides with rare earths. In this report, the fabrication process module for the microdisk (which is an important device in integrated photonic circuits and has been used as building blocks for many optical processing devices) has been developed, designed for both passive (SiO2) and active (GaAs/InP) microdisk. Due to the necessary of wafer bonding in active microdisk process module development, experiments of sample preparation for TEM have also been included.
Management of potato cyst nematodes with special focus on biological control and trap cropping strategies

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Potato cyst nematodes (PCNs; Globodera spp.) are one of the most difficult pests of potato to manage worldwide. Indiscriminate use of pesticides and their hazardous effects discourage the use of many chemicals for the management of PCNs. As a result, biological control agents and trap crops have received more attention from growers as safer ways to manage PCNs. The biological control agents such as Pochonia chlamydosporia , Purpureocillium lilacinum , Trichoderma spp., Pseudomonas fluorescens , Bacillus spp., Pasteuria spp., and others are recognized as potential candidates for the management of PCNs. Moreover recently, the use of trap crop Solanum sisymbriifolium also showed promise by drastically reducing soil populations of PCNs. Integration of these management strategies along with other practices including identification, conservation, and multiplication of native antagonists, will facilitate efficient management of the PCNs in potato cropping system. Some of the promising research approaches that are being used against PCNs are addressed in this review. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
SHORT COMMUNICATION: PRE-HOSPITAL EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A CASE STUDY ABOUT EMS RESPONSE TIME IN YAZD, IRAN

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Pre-hospital emergency medical services, a subsystem of Emergency Medical Services (EMS), provides early care to critically ill and injured patients in the field. Time is an important factor in pre-hospital care and the length of time it takes to reach care, has a significant impact on patient outcome. This study aims to calculate the response time in EMS stations of Yazd, Iran. Methods: During 2008-2009, 11961 run report forms from all 7 EMS stations in Yazd that had been submitted to central station were surveyed. By using Excell statistical software and descriptive statistics (percent, cumulative distribution and standard deviation), we calculated fractile response times for Yazd EMS. Results: 81.15 percent of response times were within 8 minutes as a referenced standard for EMS. Conclusion: The majority of call services in Yazd EMS have been responded in a suitable time interval comparing with reference standards and country's approved EMS response time goal, but there are still rooms for improvement.
Opinion 376 Suppression under the Plenary Powers of the generic name Lobacantha Kirby (W.), 1837, for the purpose of rendering the generic name Platypria Guerin-Meneville, 1840 (class Insecta, order Coleoptera) the oldest available name for the genus concerned

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Comparative Study between the Effect of Ultrasound Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block (ESPB) versus Serratus Anterior Plane Block (SAPB) for Postoperative Analgesia in Modified Radical Mastectomy Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women both in the developed and less developed world. In 2012, it represented about 12 percent of all new cancer cases and 25 percent of all cancers in women. Aim of the Work The aim of this work is to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasound guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB) versus Serratus Anterior plane block (SAPB) as a postoperative Analgesia in Modified Radical Mastectomy. Patients and Methods After obtaining approval from the medical ethical committee in Ain Shams University, this study was conducted in the operating theatres of Ain Shams University Hospitals. It included 64 female patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy were divided randomly into two groups, each group consisted of 32 patients group I in which patients received ESPB and group II in which patients received SAPB. Results The two groups were adequately monitored and assessed post-operatively and they were compared regarding analgesic outcome by using the numeric rating score system, besides, recording time for first for analgesic need and total consumption of opioid and analgesic in the 1st 24 postoperative hours. Demographic data and post operative hemodynamics were also assessed. Conclusion Both Erector spinae plane block and serratus anterior plane block provide good analgesic control after modified radical mastectomy but the ESPB is more superior compared to SAPB in postoperative hemodynamics and pain score.
PSIII-14 Cotton gin byproduct in growing diets for beef steers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of beef cattle during the stocker phase when fed different concentrations of cotton gin byproduct (CGB). Angus steers [n = 50; initial body weight (BW) = 349 ± 66 kg) were stratified by BW and grouped in slatted floor pens (10 steers/pen). Steers were assigned randomly within pen (2 per pen) to one of five diets containing 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40% CGB (dry matter basis). Diets were balanced for protein and energy, and the steers were fed for 84 d. Steers were weighed on d -1, 0, 28, 56, 83, and 84 for the stocker phase with d -1 and 0, 83 and 84 averaged to give start and end BW. Following the growing period, steers were switched to the same finishing diet and fed for an additional 55 d prior to being transported to PA for harvest and carcass data collection. Data were analyzed using procMIXED of SASv9.4 to determine the significance of linear, quadratic, cubic, and quartic trends. During the growing phase, dry matter intake increased linearly (P = 0.0017) with 10.16, 11.23, 11.59, 11.86, and 11.96 kg/d for 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40% CGB, respectively. Average daily gain tended to increase (P = 0.0631) with a cubic trend, increasing with the first addition of CGB, declining at the intermediate levels, and then increasing again at the 40% level (1.34, 1.54, 1.36, 1.39, and 1.52 kg/d for 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40% CGB, respectively). Feed efficiency showed a similar cubic trend (P = 0.10) with 0.133, 0.138, 0.119, 0.117, and 0.128 for 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40% CGB, respectively. Within the finishing phase, average daily gain was significant (P = 0.026) as a quadratic trend with 1.54, 1.25, 1.18, 1.20, and 1.33 kg/d for 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40% CGB, respectively. Diets did not differ (P &gt; 0.10) for dry matter intake (10.08 kg/d), feed conversion (8.31), or feed efficiency (0.130). Treatment did not influence (P &gt; 0.10) marbling or other carcass measurements. Data suggest CGB supported good animal gains with only minor impact on feed intake and feed efficiency for stocker steers up to an inclusion rate of 40%.
Implementation of the Total People’s War Strategy to Suppress Papua Separatist Movement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

<p>The political strategy of "divide and conquer" by foreign powers has proven effective and continues to this day. The diversity within Indonesia has not been able to fully unite the people under the framework of NKRI. The Papua Separatist Movement (PSM) seeks support from the international community to realize a referendum as a replacement for the 1969 Pepera and to gain independence from Indonesia through political, clandestine, and armed fronts. In this qualitative research using literature studies, the efforts to improve and address the main issues exploited by the PSM political front, such as economic inequality, education, health, infrastructure, and security gaps, will be discussed. The efforts to improve and address the main issues exploited by the PSM political front, such as inequality in economy, education, health, infrastructure and security gaps will be discussed. President Jokowi has instructed for a comprehensive solution to this issue that addresses the root cause, while continuing the soft power approach of normative and functional integration that the government has been implementing. The government hopes to end this conflict as it successfully integrates Papua into the grand dream of a safe and prosperous Indonesia, while also using diplomacy with other nations, organizations, and international communities.</p>
Effects of virtual rehabilitation, Bobath concept and aquatic therapy in children with cerebral palsy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective. Analyze the effects of virtual rehabilitation, neuroevolu­tive Bobath concept and aquatic therapy in gross motor function of children with cerebral palsy. Method. The sample consisted of eight children with cerebral palsy classified at levels I, II and III of Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). The children un­derwent nine months of intervention with neuroevolutive Bobath concept, aquatic therapy and virtual rehabilitation. The children were assessed by the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM). Results. Four (50%) children were female and four (50%) were male; the mean age was 8.5 years. Five children were classified at GMFCS level I, one at level II and two in the GMFCS level III. It was observed that the children showed progress (p=0.039) in the total score of the GMFM, nine months after the intervention. Conclusion. The com­bination of virtual rehabilitation, neuroevolutive Bobath concept and aquatic therapy have proved positive effects on gross motor function for children evaluated.
Building virtual networks across multiple domains

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a platform for virtual network (VN) provisioning across multiple domains. The platform decomposes VN provisioning into multiple steps to address the implications of limited information disclosure on resource discovery and allocation. A new VN embedding algorithm with simultaneous node and link mapping allows to assign resources within each domain. For inter-domain virtual link setup, we design and realize a signaling protocol that also integrates resource reservations for providing virtual links with Quality-of-Service guarantees. Experimental results show that small VNs can be provisioned within a few seconds.
A cross-disciplinary literature review: Examining trust on virtual teams

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Effective and efficient teams communicate, collaborate, and perform, even if these teams are not co-located. Although much is known about enabling effectiveness on face-to-face teams, considerably less is known about similarly enabling effectiveness on virtual teams. Yet the use of virtual teams is common and will likely become more commonplace as organizations continue to update and use increasingly sophisticated technology. Cohort and individual trust between team members is a significant component on most effective teams, virtual or face-to-face. This paper examines research on virtual teams and trust across disciplines, including management, e-learning, business communication, decision making, human resource management, psychology, and IT, to identify major characteristics that increase our knowledge of how to establish and maintain trust in the virtual environment and on virtual teams.
Effect of neoadjuvant androgen deprivation on circulating prostate cells in the bone marrow of men undergoing radical prostatectomy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our objective was to determine the effect of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy on the presence of circulating prostate cells in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. A total of 60 patients at high risk for extraprostatic disease were analyzed for the presence of circulating prostate cells using reverse transcriptase PCR (RTPCR) amplification of the prostate-specific antigen mRNA. Twenty-nine patients underwent radical prostatectomy for a clinical T2b-c tumor or a stage T1c-T2a tumor and a serum prostate-specific antigen level > or =10ng/ml (radical prostatectomy alone), and 31 similarly staged patients received neoadjuvant hormonal therapy before radical prostatectomy (neoadjuvant). Bone marrow samples were used for RTPCR analysis. Twenty-four percent and 58% of the radical-prostatectomy-alone patients and neoadjuvant patients had organ-confined disease, respectively (P = 0.007). In the radical-prostatectomy-alone group, 77% and 14% of patients with extraprostatic and organ-confined disease were RTPCR positive, respectively (P = 0.03). However, in the neoadjuvant group, 46% and 28% of patients with extraprostatic and organ-confined disease were RTPCR positive, respectively (P = 0.29). For patients that were RTPCR positive, 45 % of the neoadjuvant patients had organ-confined disease compared with 6% in the radical-prostatectomy-alone patients (P = 0.018). These data suggest that a subset of the neoadjuvant patients are converted to organ confined disease without eliminating the prostate cells in the bone marrow. Our data suggest that hormonal therapy before radical prostatectomy decreases the occurrence of extraprostatic disease but, to a lesser degree, the incidence of circulating prostate cells. This may partially explain why hormonal therapy before radical prostatectomy has not improved disease-free survival.
THE INTEGRAL ANALYSIS OF THE MEANING OF UNIVERSAL MORAL VALUE ‘’FAITH’’ IN LINGUISTIC CONSCIOUSNESS OF RUSSIAN CULTURE BEARERS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the meaning of universal moral value ‘’faith’’ reflected in linguistic consciousness of Russian culture-bearers. It contains the results of the analysis of the way the value is represented on two levels of consciousness: official and common. Within the framework of the research on the official level of consciousness the data of encyclopedic dictionaries is analysed. That aims to reflect the scientific worldview of Russian culture-bearers. Their naive worldview is revealed through the analysis of the data of lexicographical literature, Russian text corpus, paroemiological fund as well as the results of associative and psycho-semantic experiments. The methodology of the research is based on the theory of activity approach elaborated by Moscow psycholinguistic School and the triangulation approach designed by Yanchuk V.A. The latter approach allows to integrate knowledge of different layers and the methodology aiming at obtaining the most precise findings. The results of the given research shows the almost full match of the two levels consciousness representing the attitude of Russian culture-bearers to the moral value ‘’faith’’. That indicates the stable position of the value considered in the perception of the Russians. The methods of the analysis has a great potential for further research of different notions.
Intelligence, education, and transportation injury mortality

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We read with interest the paper by Borrell and colleagues1 in the June issue of Injury Prevention which reported on the relation between educational level and the risk of transportation injury mortality in nine European cohorts. An inverse association was reported in men but not women. We believe that findings from the field of cognitive (intelligence) epidemiology2 may inform the discussions pertaining to the underlying mechanisms. Here, we define intelligence (denoted as IQ and assessed using written psychometric tests) as …