jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evaluasi Bangunan Pelindung Pantai Sisi Miring Dalam Upaya Penanggulangan Abrasi Pesisir Pantai

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The coast of Kampung Jawa Lama, Banda Sakti Sub-district, Lhokseumawe City is a fishing area and densely populated. The breakwater building in the coastal area of Kampung Jawa Lama is a sloping Breakwater with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 1 m. The type of breakwater used is usually determinet by the availability of material on the site. The problem in this research was the cause of abrasion and its impact, as well as how to plant coastal protection structures. The purpose of this study was to reduce the impact of erosion, abrasion and damage to the buildings and to re-evaluate coastal structures. The method used on this research is Hudson method and descriptive analysis by making direct observation and reviuwing research that has been done previously. The cause of abrasion is triggered by several factors such us tides, high sea waves and ocean currents that have the potential to cause damage as a result of strong winds that produce destructive waves. The community also receiver the impact of the abrasion, namely decreasing income, the place where they live is inundated by sea water and it affects the decline in the quality of life of the community. One of the efforts that can be applied to reduce the abrasion problem in the area is to build a Breakwater construction. Based on calculation, the results obtained in the planning reviuw of the existing shoreline protection building were 1.5 m, so that to prevent abrasion the increase in height of the building 4.074 m was 5.574 m with a peak width of 1 m so that increase of 0.20 m was 1.2 m, the thickness of the first layer of protection was 1.2 m and the thickness of the second layer was 0.60 m. The width of the leg guard is 1.8 m with a thickness of 0.5 m
Clinical features of UK Biobank subjects carrying loss of function variants in genes implicated in schizophrenia pathogenesis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction The SCHEMA consortium has identified ten genes in which severely damaging variants substantially increase schizophrenia risk. Objectives To characterise the clinical features of carriers of variants causing complete loss of function (LOF) of these genes. Methods This research was conducted using the UK Biobank Resource and 200,000 exome-sequenced volunteers were screened to identify carriers of LOF variants in these genes. For these subjects, data fields were extracted which reflected educational and occupational functioning as well as clinical features including diagnoses and medication. Results LOF variants in CACNA1G were commoner than in SCHEMA cases, suggesting this was not a real schizophrenia susceptibility gene. 159 subjects carried LOF variants in one of the other nine genes and overall they did not have poorer educational or occupational functioning or increased mental or physical health problems. Detailed examination revealed that one had schizophrenia, one had psychotic depression and two had a developmental disorder. Otherwise, a number of subjects had features of minor mental illness such as depression or anxiety and these rates were somewhat increased in subjects carrying LOF variants in HERC1 , of whom more than half reported having consulted their GP for such problems. However the majority appeared to be entirely normal from a neuropsychiatric point of view. Conclusions Although particular genetic variants can substantially increase the risk of schizophrenia, most people carrying them are entirely normal. This further supports the concept of schizophrenia as a distinct illness rather than representing the extreme of a trait which is present in the population. Disclosure No significant relationships.
Metabarcoding of nematode communities associated with Ananas comosus L. (Pineapple)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant-parasitic nematodes are serious pests causing important crop losses worldwide.Hence, this study was conducted to determine the occurrence of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) in healthy and unhealthy pineapple crops.To determine if the infestation is prevalent, a soil metabarcoding analysis was done.Six soil samples were obtained from the rhizospheres of Red Spanish pineapple farm in Mabitac, Laguna, Philippines.They were freeze-dried and brought to the laboratory for metagenomics analysis using Primers NemF and 18Sr2b.The results showed uncultured Eukaryotes (43.1%) nematodes (31.2%),Platyhelminthes (6.9%), Apicomplexa (6.5%), Annelida (5.0%), Rotifera (3.6%), Arthropoda (1.8%), Ascomycota (1%), unidentified (0.4%) and Basillariophyta, Cercozoa, Chytridiomycota, Mollusca and Mucoromycota with 0.1%.In total, 374,410 sequence reads were obtained and were clustered into 117 OTUs at 97% similarity.In assessing the nematode community structure, it yielded 26,565 nematodes; 5,315 nematodes were obtained from the rhizosphere of healthy samples, and 21,250 were from the unhealthy ones.The fungivore Apelenchus avenae (Bastian 1865) was the most prevalent (47.8% and 43.9%) in both locations.Other nematodes found on the plant rhizospheres were Rhabdolaimus aquaticus (de Man), Acrobeloides varius, Rotylenchulus reniformis (Linford and Oliveira, 1940), Aphelenchoidinae sp., Panagrolaimoidea sp., and two unidentified nematodes.The Basiria sp., Alaimus sp., and two other unidentified nematodes were the only ones found in the rhizosphere of unhealthy pineapple plants.Meanwhile, Mesocriconema onoense, Aphelenchoides sp., Ditylenchus gilanicus, and an unidentified nematode were found in the rhizosphere of healthy pineapple plants.Phylogenetic analyses of the nematode communities show that only Orders Rhabditida and Enoplida are associated with the crop and the Family Aphelenchoididae is distant from Rhabditida, thus, dividing the clade into three.The first clade consists of diverse nematode communities of fungivores, bacterivores, predators, and plant and insect parasites.The second clade consists of bacterivore nematodes found in moist environments, and the third clade comprises mainly Aphelenchoididae species, mostly plant parasites.
Federated Blockchain-Based Tracking and Liability Attribution Framework for Employees and Cyber-Physical Objects in a Smart Workplace

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The systematic integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) into the supply chain to increase operational efficiency and quality has also introduced new complexities to the threat landscape. The myriad of sensors could increase data collection capabilities for businesses to facilitate process automation aided by Artificial Intelligence (AI) but without adopting an appropriate Security-by-Design framework, threat detection and response are destined to fail. The emerging concept of Smart Workplace incorporates many CPS (e.g. Robots and Drones) to execute tasks alongside Employees both of which can be exploited as Insider Threats. We introduce and discuss forensic-readiness, liability attribution and the ability to track moving Smart SPS Objects to support modern Digital Forensics and Incident Response (DFIR) within a defence-in-depth strategy. We present a framework to facilitate the tracking of object behaviour within Smart Controlled Business Environments (SCBE) to support resilience by enabling proactive insider threat detection. Several components of the framework were piloted in a company to discuss a real-life case study and demonstrate anomaly detection and the emerging of behavioural patterns according to objects' movement with relation to their job role, workspace position and nearest entry or exit. The empirical data was collected from a Bluetooth-based Proximity Monitoring Solution. Furthermore, a key strength of the framework is a federated Blockchain (BC) model to achieve forensic-readiness by establishing a digital Chain-of-Custody (CoC) and a collaborative environment for CPS to qualify as Digital Witnesses (DW) to support post-incident investigations.
Eating Behavior and its Disorders

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This chapter examines the most representative pathological behaviors of the so-called feeding and eating disorders, with a particular attention to the psychopathological meaning of the different behaviors. These behaviors, including restrictive diet, binge eating, purging, or obsessive control of body shape are generally adopted to define the broad category of eating disorders. In particular, it is considered the trans-nosographic and dimensional approach to the eating disorder psychopathology, as most of the symptoms described in this chapter can be observed also in different psychopathological conditions. The chapter considers the subjective transformation in patients of the original meaning of food and alimentation into something negative and dangerous, adopting a phenomenological approach to eating disorders.
Christianity Today and American Public Life: A Case Study

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Christianity Today and American Public Life: A Case Study Get access Mark G. Toulouse Mark G. Toulouse associate dean and associate professor of history of Christianity Brite Divinity School and Texas Christian University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Church and State, Volume 35, Issue 2, Spring 1993, Pages 241–284, https://doi.org/10.1093/jcs/35.2.241 Published: 01 March 1993
3D wind field from spaceborne Doppler radar

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Numerous space radar missions are presently envisioned to study the water cycle in the tropics. Among them, the DYCECT (DYnamique, énergie et Cycle de l'Eau dans la Convection Tropicale) mission, a French proposal (submitted to the French CNES Agency), could embark a Doppler radar (W-band or Ka-band) with scanning possibilities onboard a low-orbiting satellite. This instrument could be implemented in addition to a Passive Microwave Radiometer (PMR), and eventually an improved ScaraB-like broadband radiometer, and a lightning detection instrument. This package will document the ice microphysics and the heat budgets. Since the microphysics and the water and energy budgets are strongly driven by the dynamics, the addition of a Doppler radar with scanning possibilities could provide valuable information (3D wind and rain fields) and a large statistic of such critical information over the entire tropics and for all the stages of development. These new information could be used to better understand the tropical convection and to improve convection parameterization relevant for cloud and climate models. It could be used also to associate direct applications such as now-casting and risk prevention. The present study focuses on the feasibility of such 3D wind field retrieval from spaceborne radar. It uses a simulator of some parts of the spaceborne radar in order i) to evaluate the sensitivity of the retrieved wind fields to the scanning strategies and sampling parameters, and to the instrumental and platform parameters and ii) to determine the best parameters providing the most accurate wind fields.
Legal incompetents' need for guardians in Florida.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study assesses the alleged need for guardians in Florida. A survey of the state's 74 public receiving facilities, community mental health centers, and clinics; 30 private receiving facilities; 11 Aging and Adult district offices; Developmental Services institutional and residential placements; and six state mental hospitals revealed that 11,147 persons in Florida reportedly need a legal guardian. The limitations, implications, and possible policy responses to this alleged need are discussed.
Forma e struttura del diritto

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The existence of the society implicates that a human wish, expression of the collectivity, rules the relationships among the men that make part of it: the right defines contrasts her juridical spheres of the partners through a delimitation of the whole reality. In how much it has normative nature, the right constitutes a formal datum, that can be contrasted to that substantial of the society, on which comes to engrave. The juridical form is the conceptual representation of the reality, it is the idea that represents the things on their mutual relationships. Juridical reality is more properly nevertheless reserved to that formal aspects that are expression of categorical juridical norms and not hypothetical, and therefore in degree to create a structure. As human work, the right is not identified with the moral norms, even if its finalities, of guarantee of the existence of a social body, they are ethically valid. Riassunto L’esistenza di una società implica che una volontà umana, espressione della collettività, regoli i rapporti fra gli uomini che ne fanno parte: il diritto definisce le contrapposte sfere giuridiche dei consociati attraverso una delimitazione di tutta la realtà. In quanto ha natura normativa, il diritto costituisce un dato formale, che si può contrapporre a quello sostanziale della società, sulla quale viene ad incidere. La forma giuridica è la rappresentazione concettuale della realtà, è l’idea che rappresenta l’atteggiarsi, il modo di essere delle persone e delle cose nei loro reciproci rapporti. La realtà più propriamente giuridica è tuttavia riservata a quegli aspetti formali che sono espressione di norme giuridiche contenenti imperativi categorici e non ipotetici, e pertanto idonei a creare una struttura. Il quanto opera umana, il diritto non si identifica con le norme morali, anche se le sue finalità, di garanzia dell’esistenza di un corpo sociale, sono eticamente valide.
Bio-Regulatory Mechanisms of Straw Incorporation in Haplic Phaeozem Region: Soil Ecosystem Responses Driven by Multi-Factor Interactions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

With the increasing global food production year by year, the effective return of crop straw to the field has become an urgent problem to be solved. This study examined the impact of straw decomposition under different return methods on soil ecosystems, focusing on changes in soil biological characteristics. Simulating modern mechanized agricultural practices, an orthogonal experiment was conducted in the haplic Phaeozem region of Northeast China. The factors studied included the amount, length, and burial depth of straw returning. A comprehensive analysis model was built using path analysis, factor analysis, and response surface methodology to investigate the response of soil ecosystem during straw decomposition. This was assessed from four aspects: soil basic nutrients, organic carbon pool, enzyme activity, and microbial community structure. The study found evidence of a strong synergistic relationship between the soil enzyme system and straw decomposition. Notably, during the mid-phase of straw return (60 days), phosphatase and particulate organic carbon (POC) acted as “mirror” antagonistic indicators. Catalase, soil nitrate nitrogen, and POC were identified as key response indicators in the soil ecosystem post-straw return. The appropriate supplementation of nitrogen during the early (0–45 days) and late (75–90 days) stages of straw return was found to facilitate straw decomposition. These findings provide experimental evidence for the return of corn straw in cold haplic Phaeozem regions and offer scientific support for sustainable agricultural practices and national food security.
Clinical outcomes and emergence of resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections treated with ceftolozane-tazobactam versus ceftazidime-avibactam

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Few studies compare outcomes of patients with difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections treated with ceftolozane-tazobactam versus ceftazidime-avibactam. A multicenter prospective study was conducted of unique patients with DTR P. aeruginosa infections from 2018 to 2023 receiving >72 h of ceftolozane-tazobactam or ceftazidime-avibactam, with confirmation that the P. aeruginosa isolate was susceptible to the agent administered by broth microdilution. Inverse probability weighting (IPW) incorporating propensity scores was utilized to ensure balanced baseline characteristics. Regression performed on the post-IPW group determined 30-day mortality and subsequent emergence of resistance (i.e., ≥4-fold increase in MIC) to the initial treatment (i.e., ceftolozane-tazobactam or ceftazidime-avibactam). Among 186 eligible patients, 102 (55%) received ceftolozane-tazobactam and 84 (45%) received ceftazidime-avibactam. In the post-IPW cohort, balance was achieved across all variables [e.g., demographics, severity of illness, severe immunocompromise, Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥5, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), source of infection, combination therapy]. Thirty-day mortality was similar between the ceftolozane-tazobactam and ceftazidime-avibactam groups [21% vs 17%; adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.01 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.90–1.14)]. Emergence of resistance was higher in the ceftolozane-tazobactam group [38% vs 25%; aOR: 1.89 (95% CI: 0.98–4.88)], but did not achieve statistical significance. Prolonged treatment durations and use of CRRT were associated with increased emergence of resistance (both P = 0.04). Although the survival of patients with DTR P. aeruginosa infections appears similar regardless of whether ceftolozane-tazobactam or ceftazidime-avibactam is prescribed, the emergence of resistance may be more concerning with the former. Plausible mechanistic explanations support these findings. Modifiable risk factors were identified that may mitigate this risk.
Heterotrophic Nitrifiers Dominate Reactors Treating Incineration Leachate with High Free Ammonia Concentrations

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Anaerobically treated leachate from municipal solid waste incineration plants contains extremely high free ammonia (FA) concentrations, which can hinder short-cut nitrification. pH adjustments made during the nitrification process kept FA concentrations below 110 mg/L, enabling reactors to operate when total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations were 1400 mg/L. Multiple lines of evidence showed that nitrite accumulation in these systems could be attributed to ammonia oxidation by heterotrophic nitrifiers from the genus Paracoccus. For example, (1) all of the amoA (ammonia monooxygenase subunit A) transcripts were clustered with Paracoccus; (2) nitrite accumulated when membrane-bound nitrate reductase (Nar) was inhibited with sodium azide; (3) periplasmic nitrate reductase (nap) genes were not being actively transcribed; and (4) trace concentrations of nitrate in reactors were not sufficient to support nitrate reduction. Paracoccus species were actively transcribing genes from nitrification (amoA) and denitrification (narG, norB, nirS, nosZ) pathways in these systems even when FA concentrations reached 184 mg/L. Little is known about the role that heterotrophic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) play in nitrogen cycling in reactor systems. Therefore, this study is significant because this is the first investigation into the metabolism of heterotrophic nitrifiers in nitrogen removal systems with elevated FA concentrations.
THE OCCURRENCE IN AUSTRALIA OF DINIELLA BERGROTH (HEMIPTERA: LYGAEIDAE: RHYPAROCHROMINAE) WITH REDESCRIPTIONS OF TWO SPECIES

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The predominantly Oriental genus Diniella (Lethaeini) is newly recorded from the Australian region. The type‐species, D. glabrata (Stål), is redescribed and recorded from tropical Western Australia and north Queensland, and from Sarawak, East Malaysia. D. insignis Distant is synonymised with D. glabrata. D. pallipes (Scott) is redescribed and recorded from the extreme north‐east of Queensland.
Murine gammaherpesvirus 68 LANA mediates episome persistence through a cross-species conserved mechanism that provides a basis for an in vivo model of KSHV LANA

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Das murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) ORF73 Protein (mLANA) weist Sequenzhomologien zu dem Latenz-assoziierten nukleären Antigen (kLANA) des Kaposi Sarcom-assoziierten Herpesvirus (KSHV) auf. kLANA ist für die Etablierung und Erhaltung des KSHV Episoms notwendig und ausreichend. Dazu bindet kLANA an virale Wiederholungssequenzen (terminal repeats, kTR). Ein Defekt von mLANA beeinträchtigt MHV68 in der Bildung und Erhaltung der viralen Latenz in infizierten Mäusen, was auf eine wichtige Rolle von mLANA bei der Persistenz des episomalen viralen Genoms schließen lässt. MHV68 TR (mTR)-assoziierte DNS persistiert als Episom in latent MHV68-infizierten Tumorzellen; dies zeigt, dass mTR-Elemente die cis-agierende Komponente für die Persistenz des episomalen Genoms sind. Wir untersuchen auch die Funktion der mTR-Elemente und mLANA in nicht infizierten Zellen. Wir zeigen, dass Vektor-DNS, die mLANA und mTR-Elemente in cis enthält, als Episom in Mauszellen persistiert. Im Gegensatz dazu persistiert mTR-DNS, in Abwesenheit von mLANA, nicht als Episom. mLANA interagiert auch in trans mit mTR-DNS und begünstigt die Persistenz des Episoms. Analog zu kLANA bindet mLANA an mitotische Chromosomen; in der Anwesenheit von Episomen findet eine Umverteilung an lokalisierten Stellen statt. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, dass mLANA mit mTR-Elementen interagiert, um die Persistenz der MHV68 Episome zu gewährleisten. Zusätzlich zeigen wir, dass trotz ~60 Millionen Jahre evolutionärer Divergenz, nicht nur kLANA sondern auch mLANA mit kTR-DNS interagiert, und zu einer Persistenz des viralen Episoms führt. Umgekehrt unterstützt auch kLANA die Erhaltung von mTR-DNS als Episom. Darüber hinaus zeigen wir, dass ein chimeres MHV68, welches kLANA anstelle von mLANA exprimiert, in der Lage ist, eine moderate, latente Infektion in B-Zellen der Milz von Mäusen zu etablieren. Daher kann kLANA funktionell mLANA ersetzen. Dies ermöglicht die Untersuchung von kLANA in einem Mausmodell für latente Infektion
Skewed distribution and the heterogeneity of collective clicking and replying behaviours

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

We investigate the statistical mechanism of clicks and replies to posts on the BBS forum. Empirical analysis indicates that the heavy-tailed distribution of replies is correlated and determined by similarly skewed distribution of clicks. The investigation suggests that the highly skewed distribution of one could result from the skewed distribution of the other. Power law distribution of both replies and clicks can be interpreted as the macro behaviours of the systems that consist of micro units. The empirical results of this paper provide another perspective for us to understand collective online behaviour.