jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The sh-Lie algebra perturbation Lemma

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let R be a commutative ring which contains the rationals as a subring and let g be a chain complex. Suppose given an sh-Lie algebra structure on g, that is, a coalgebra perturbation of the coalgebra differential on the cofree coaugmented differential graded cocommutative coalgebra T' on the suspension of g and write the perturbed coalgebra as T". Suppose, furthermore, given a contraction of g onto a chain complex M. We show that the data determine an sh-Lie algebra structure on M, that is, a coalgebra perturbation of the coalgebra differential on the cofree coaugmented differential graded cocommutative coalgebra S' on the suspension of M, a Lie algebra twisting cochain from the perturbed coalgebra S" to the loop Lie algebra L on the perturbed coalgebra T", and an extension of this Lie algebra twisting cochain to a contraction of chain complexes from the Cartan-Chevalley-Eilenberg coalgebra on L onto S" which is natural in the data. For the special case where M and g are connected we also construct an explicit extension of the perturbed retraction to an sh-Lie map. This approach includes a very general solution of the master equation.
Enhanced Buck-Boost dc–dc Converter with Positive Output Voltage

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a new transformerless buck-boost converter is presented. The voltage gain of the converter is higher than the classic boost converter, classic buck-boost converter, CUK and SEPIC converters. The proposed converter advantage is buck-boost capability. The proposed converter topology is simple; therefore, the converter control is simple. The converter has one main switch. Hence, the switch with low switching and conduction losses can be used. The stress of the main switch is low; therefore, switch with low on-state resistance can be selected. The principles of the converter and mathematic analyses are presented. The validity of the accuracy of calculations is verified by the experimental results.
Development of an environmental decision support system for the selection and integrated assessment of process flow diagrams in wastewater treatment

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The wastewater treatment plays an important role in the maintenance of natural water resources. However, regardless of the technology used or the level of treatment required, the treatment plants of the XXI century are highly complex systems that not only need to meet technical requirements, but also environmental and economic criteria. In this context, decision support systems for environmental domains (English, Environmental Decision Support Systems or EDSS) are configured as an effective tool to support the selection and evaluation of integrated water treatment alternatives. The EDSS designed can be defined as interactive software, flexible and adaptable, which links the numerical models / algorithms, techniques and environmental ontologies, knowledge-based environment, and is capable of supporting decision making, either in choosing between different alternatives, improving potential solutions, or in the integrated assessment using methodologies ranging from environmental (Life Cycle Analysis) to economic
The Shifting Geopolitical Dynamics in the Middle East: Qatar's Strategic Moment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT: Accustomed to making tough strategic choices, Qatari leaders find themselves in the middle of yet another strategic moment, as the region has seen a new round of Israel–Hamas conflict following Hamas's attacks on Israel on 7 October 2023. As a close US ally, as well as home to senior Hamas leaders in exile, such as Ismail Haniyeh and Khalid Mashaal, Qatar is best positioned both to act as leverage on Hamas and to play a mediating role with Israel with regard to the release of hostages [and detainees] held in both Gaza and Israel. At the regional level, the real question swirling around Doha is: will Qatar explore further strategic cooperation with Beijing to the detriment of its extensive security ties with Washington in the face of dormant or dwindling US economic and political power in the Middle East and North Africa? The answer to this question is a resounding 'No'. Taking a two-track approach, Qatar continues to seek an equilibrium between the future of its economy, which is largely oriented towards China, and the country's security and stability, which is rooted upon its strategic dependence on the US. This essay's key takeaway is that contrary to the prevailing view that the US–Qatari relationship is likely to encounter setbacks, this strategic partnership has indeed been strengthened and will continue to be so for the foreseeable future.
Pericardial Cyst : Extra-renal manifestation of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is an inherited disorder, which usually manifests in adulthood and is characterized by the development of multiple renal cysts variably associated with extra-renal (mainly hepatic and cardiovascular) abnormalities. We report a rare association of pericardial cyst and ADPKD in a case who underwent cyst excision for pericardial cyst and developed ADPKD 3 years later.
Small cell lung cancer recurring in the retina

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Intraocular metastases are rare, usually isolating to the uveal tract. Retinal metastases are less common still, presenting a unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. This case observes a 66-year-old female ex-smoker presenting with unilateral painful vision loss 2 months from completion of definitive chemoradiotherapy for early-stage small cell lung cancer. A retinal lesion was discovered on examination and initially treated as viral retinitis without improvement. Two vitrectomy procedures were unable to confirm the diagnosis. Eventual retinal biopsy under general anaesthesia confirmed small cell lung cancer oligometastasis (7 months from completion of definitive chemoradiotherapy), without evidence of other sites of disease on imaging. She received local radiation to retina with resolution of eye pain. She eventually developed intrathoracic relapse of disease and was treated with palliative chemotherapy (14 months from completion of definitive chemoradiotherapy).
Obesity and Severe COVID-19: A Retrospective Analysis of Intensive Care Unit Patients at a Quaternary Medical Center

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction In obese patients, it is thought that the excess of macronutrients stimulates adipocytes to generate cytokines such as interleukin-6 creating a pro-inflammatory and oxidative state leading to defective innate immunity. This environment potentially creates a conducive ground for the hyperinflammatory response mediated by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Therefore, in addition to accepted risk factors such as advanced age, pregnancy and diabetes, obesity is thought to be an important entity predisposing to severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and a potentially worse prognosis. The aim of this study is to understand the impact of obesity on the clinical course and outcome of intensive care unit (ICU) patients with COVID-19. Methods All COVID-19 ICU admissions between March 1st and May 31st, 2020 were obtained from our hospital's data base. Patients age >18 years with a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction from a nasopharyngeal swab were included. ICU patients who were admitted for non-respiratory reasons with an incidental positive test result were excluded. Patients were divided into two groups obese: (BMI >/=30) and non-obese (BMI 25 as their cutoff whereas we used BMI >/= 30. Another potential explanation is that in our study, obese patients were younger, a factor which may have neutralized the negative impact of obesity. Our study is limited by sample size and the single center factor but suggests that obesity alone may not significantly affect prognosis although this will need to be confirmed by larger studies.
The Leukemic Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) 1/2 Mutations Impair Myeloid and Erythroid Cell Differentiation of Primary Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells (HSPCs)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

How hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) fate decisions are affected by genetic alterations acquired during AML leukemogenesis is poorly understood and mainly explored in animal models. Here, we study isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene mutations in the human model of HSPC and discuss the available literature on this topic. IDH1/2 mutations occur in ~20% of AML cases, are recognized among the mutations earliest acquired during leukemogenesis, and are targets of specific inhibitors (ivosidenib and enasidenib, respectively). In order to investigate the direct effects of these mutations on HSPCs, we expressed IDH1-R132H or IDH2-R140Q mutants into human CD34+ healthy donor cells via lentiviral transduction and analyzed the colony-forming unit (CFU) ability. CFU ability was dramatically compromised with a complete trilineage block of differentiation. Strikingly, the block was reversed by specific inhibitors, confirming that it was a specific effect induced by the mutants. In line with this observation, the CD34+ leukemic precursors isolated from a patient with IDH2-mutated AML at baseline and during enasidenib treatment showed progressive and marked improvements in their fitness over time, in terms of CFU ability and propensity to differentiate. They attained clonal trilinear reconstitution of hematopoiesis and complete hematological remission.
Evaluation of a novel point-of-care system, the i-STAT portable clinical analyzer

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract We evaluated a novel system designed for rapid, point-of-care measurement of sodium, potassium, chloride, urea nitrogen, glucose, and hematocrit. The i-STAT Portable Clinical Analyzer (PCA) system is composed of a hand-held analyzer and disposable cartridges. Sample analysis takes place in the cartridge, which contains a series of thin-film electrodes microfabricated on silicon chips. The PCA was evaluated for precision, accuracy, and utility in emergency department and stat laboratory settings. Precision did not differ significantly between these two locations, the CVs being as follows: sodium, 0.46-0.89%; potassium, 1.06-1.45%; chloride, 0.69-2.76%; urea nitrogen, 2.54-6.12%; and glucose, 4.39-5.19%. The assessment of accuracy was based on comparison of patients' sample values analyzed by the PCA and the Kodak Ektachem 700 (or the Coulter ST for hematocrit). Regression statistics were acceptable for all analytes except chloride, for which the regression data were influenced by the limited range of results. A difference plot of the chloride comparison showed that the bias rarely exceeded 5 mmol/L. Mean hematocrit values significantly differed between the PCA and the Coulter ST, apparently because of different calibration procedures.
China's Financial System: Opportunities and Challenges

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We provide a comprehensive review of China's financial system, and explore directions of future development.First, the financial system has been dominated by a large banking sector.In recent years banks have made considerable progress in reducing the amount of non-performing loans and improving their efficiency.Second, the role of the stock market in allocating resources in the economy has been limited and ineffective.We discuss issues related to the further development of China's stock market and other financial markets.Third, the most successful part of the financial system, in terms of supporting the growth of the overall economy, is a non-standard sector that consists of alternative financing channels, governance mechanisms, and institutions.The co-existence of this sector with banks and markets can continue to support the growth of the Hybrid Sector (non-state, non-listed firms).Finally, among the policies that will help to sustain stable economic growth in China are those that reduce the likelihood of damaging financial crises, including a banking sector crisis, a real estate or stock market crash, and a "twin crisis" in the currency market and banking sector.
A Modified Test Statistic for Maximum-Minimum Eigenvalue Detection Based on Asymptotic Distribution Thresholds

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The ratio of the maximum and minimum eigenvalues of the sample covariance matrix has been suggested as a test statistic for signal detection in low-SNR regimes. The threshold required to implement a Neyman-Pearson test on this statistic is usually computed by estimating the distribution of this eigenvalue ratio under the null hypothesis using results from random matrix theory (RMT). However, in order to apply asymptotic laws from RMT, the data matrix used to construct the test statistic must have statistically independent columns, which was not satisfied by the test statistics used in previously proposed detectors. This paper forms a data matrix with independent columns to compute the test statistic for maximum-minimum eigenvalue (MME) detection and compares its performance to that of the test statistic as currently defined in literature. The comparison is made with both the semi-asymptotic threshold, which uses the limiting distribution of the maximum eigenvalue and the asymptotic constant to which the minimum eigenvalue converges; as well as the limiting distribution-based threshold, which uses the limiting distribution of the ratio of the maximum and minimum eigenvalues. Simulations compare the expected false alarm rate versus actual false alarm rate, as well as the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) for the following three cases: the two test statistics with the semi-asymptotic threshold, the two test statistics with the limiting distribution threshold, and the two thresholds in conjunction with the newly proposed test statistic. Results demonstrate that the newly proposed test statistic with the limiting distribution threshold is the only case where the actual false alarm rate remains consistently below the false alarm constraint set in the Neyman-Pearson test, while the previous test statistics are almost completely unresponsive to changes to the false alarm constraint.
Infection by Sarcocystis neurona and Toxoplasma gondii in dogs in the northern region of Brazil

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Sarcocystis neurona e Toxoplasma gondii sao protozoarios do Filo Apicomplexa e familia Sarcocystidae. S. neurona e um protozoario coccideo formador de cistos teciduais, agente etiologico da Mieloencefalite Protozoaria Equina, uma severa sindrome neurologica que acomete equinos e causa grande impacto economico nas Americas. Toxoplasmose e uma zoonose cosmopolita e os caes sao considerados sentinelas para este parasita por causa de seu contato proximo dos seres humanos e gatos. Objetivou-se avaliar a ocorrencia de anticorpos anti-S. neurona e anti-T. gondii em caes de propriedades rurais do municipio de Ji-Parana/Rondonia. Foram analisadas 181 amostras de soro sanguineo por meio da reacao de imunofluorescencia indireta (RIFI). Das amostras testadas, observou-se ocorrencia de 57 (31,49%) positivas para T. gondii e 20 (11,04%) para S. neurona, caracterizando a ampla distribuicao dos agentes na regiao estudada.
Characteristics of regulatory regimes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The overarching theme of this paper is institutional analysis of basic characteristics of regulatory regimes. The concepts of path dependence and administrative traditions are used throughout. Self-reinforcing or positive feedback processes in political systems represent a basic framework. The empirical point of departure is the EU public procurement directive linked to OECD data concerning use of outsourcing among member states. The question is asked: What has caused the Nordic countries, traditionally not belonging to the Anglo-Saxon market-centred administrative tradition, to be placed so high on the ranking as users of the Market-Type Mechanism (MTM) of outsourcing in the public sector vs. in-house provision of services? A thesis is that the reason may be complex, but might be found in an innovative Scandinavian regulatory approach rooted in the Nordic model.
Hair dyes and lymphoid neoplasms: an update

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri” Via Eritrea 62 20157 Milano, Italy 2Istituto di Statistica Medica e Biometria Università di Milano Via Venezian 1 20133 Milano, Italy Correspondence to: C La Vecchia Fax: (+39-02-33200231/39001916)
A Review on Transcriptional Responses of Interactions between Insect Vectors and Plant Viruses

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This review provides a synopsis of transcriptional responses pertaining to interactions between plant viruses and the insect vectors that transmit them in diverse modes. In the process, it attempts to catalog differential gene expression pertinent to virus–vector interactions in vectors such as virus reception, virus cell entry, virus tissue tropism, virus multiplication, and vector immune responses. Whiteflies, leafhoppers, planthoppers, and thrips are the main insect groups reviewed, along with aphids and leaf beetles. Much of the focus on gene expression pertinent to vector–virus interactions has centered around whole-body RNA extraction, whereas data on virus-induced tissue-specific gene expression in vectors is limited. This review compares transcriptional responses in different insect groups following the acquisition of non-persistent, semi-persistent, and persistent (non-propagative and propagative) plant viruses and identifies parallels and divergences in gene expression patterns. Understanding virus-induced changes in vectors at a transcriptional level can aid in the identification of candidate genes for targeting with RNAi and/or CRISPR editing in insect vectors for management approaches.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Matematika Berbasis Android Menggunakan Smart Apps Creator pada Materi Perbandingan untuk Siswa Kelas VII UPTD SMP Negeri 5 Kupang

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The development of the use of Android-based smartphones among the people of Indonesia is used in various fields, including the field of education. One software that can be used to implement Android-based learning is smart apps creator (SAC). Therefore, this study aims to develop android application-based mathematics learning media on class VII UPTD SMP N 5 Kupang comparison material that is valid, practical, and effective. The method used in this study is the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model which consists of 5 stages, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The data collection techniques used in this study were interviews, questionnaires, and learning outcomes tests. Data analysis techniques in this study are qualitative data analysis and quantitative data analysis. The results showed that the application met the eligibility criteria that were valid, practical, and effective in the comparison material. The average total validity of learning media by 3 media and material experts is 4.25 so that android application-based mathematics learning media is included in the valid category, subject teacher responses with an average response result of 4.67, responses from small-scale students are 4.7 and large-scale student responses are 4.45 so that android application-based mathematics learning media is included in the practical category, and the percentage of small-scale learning completeness results obtained 80% included in the effective category and large-scale learning completeness results 88.88% so that mathematics learning media based on android applications that have been developed are included in the very effective category.
Corporate Board Diversity and Firm Performance

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

A group of people from different backgrounds, genders, and life experiences, when they come together to work for a company, such diversification reflects to corporate boards'. Bringing different ideas and perspectives to the table, helping the company grow and understand its customers better. This study looks at how different types of diversity including gender, ethnicity, and knowledge and how organizations work and perform based on it. Gender diversity impacts how teams behave, how leaders manage, and how decisions are made. Knowledge diversity brings together different skills and ideas, which helps with problem-solving and creativity. Ethnic diversity adds innovation, boosts the company's reputation, and gives it a competitive edge, but it can sometimes create challenges in communication and decision-making. The study also examines how diversity plays a role at different levels within a company, highlighting its symbolic value and practical benefits. Keywords: Corporate boards, Gender diversity, Knowledge diversity, Ethnic diversity.
DISCUSSION. THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR ANALYSIS OF ELASTIC ISOTROPIC AND ORTHOTROPIC SLABS.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Keywords FINITE ELEMENTS, METHODS, ANALYSIS, ELASTIC, ISOTROPIC, ORTHOTROPIC, SLABS, MATRICES, STIFFNESS, MATRIX, PLATES, BENDING, FUNCTIONS, REPRESENTATION, LATERAL, DEFLECTION, VIBRATIONS, PROBLEMS, RECTANGULAR, FRAMEWORK, CONVERGENCE, ELEMENTS, LOADS, DISTRIBUTION, ANALOGUES, MODELS, SHAPE, CHARACTERISTICS... Show All
Joint Activity Detection and Channel Estimation for Massive Connectivity: Where Message Passing Meets Score-Based Generative Priors

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Massive connectivity supports the sporadic access of a vast number of devices without requiring prior permission from the base station (BS). In such scenarios, the BS must perform joint activity detection and channel estimation (JADCE) prior to data reception. Message passing algorithms have emerged as a prominent solution for JADCE under a Bayesian inference framework. The existing message passing algorithms, however, typically rely on some hand-crafted and overly simplistic priors of the wireless channel, leading to significant channel estimation errors and reduced activity detection accuracy. In this paper, we focus on the problem of JADCE in a multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) grant-free random access network. We propose to incorporate a more accurate channel prior learned by score-based generative models into message passing, so as to push towards the performance limit of JADCE. Specifically, we develop a novel turbo message passing (TMP) framework that models the entire channel matrix as a super node, rather than factorizing it element-wise. This design enables the seamless integration of score-based generative models as a minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) denoiser. The variance of the denoiser, which is essential in message passing, can also be learned through score-based generative models. Our approach, termed score-based TMP for JADCE (STMP-JADCE), takes full advantages of the powerful generative prior and, meanwhile, benefits from the fast convergence speed of message passing. Numerical simulations show that STMP-JADCE drastically enhances the activity detection and channel estimation performance compared to the state-of-the-art baseline algorithms.