jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A low-β stripping insertion in the CERN PS to SPS transfer line for the LHC ion programme

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In the framework of the LHC ion programme the charge state will be changed by passing through a thin metal stripping foil installed in the transfer line between the CERN PS and SPS machines. The tight transverse emittance budget of the LHC beam allows only a minor blow-up. Hence, to minimise the emittance growth due to multiple Coulomb scattering (a non-symplectic process leading also to Twiss parameter modification) the stripping foil has to be located in a low-/spl beta/ region. Furthermore, any change of optics has to be compliant with the simultaneous operation of the transfer line with proton and ion beams. This paper describes a possible implementation of a low-/spl beta/ insertion with the effect of scattering included. The impact of global constraints on the effective degrees of freedom of the matching problem has been studied in a systematic way and its outcome is reported.
The Effect of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (L.S.D.) on Size Constancy

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

1. An experiment of size constancy has been carried out on 18 volunteers who took 35 gamma of L.S.D. 2. The subjects served as their own controls. 3. The effect of L.S.D. was an increase of the variability of performance of each individual.
Effect of different substrates coated on spinal motor neurons from embryonic rat cultured in vitro

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective:To study the effect of different substrates coated on the cell survival and neurite outgrowth of spinal motor neurons (SMN) from embryonic rat cultured in vitro.Methods:The ventral spinal tissue was isolated from embryonic rats and digested into dissociated cell suspention for culture,then the cells were identified as SMN by immunohistochemistry stain.Poly-L-lysine(PLL) was dissolved into distilled water,phosphate-buffered saline solution,boric acid at 0.1 and 0.01 mol/L concentration respectively.The different substrates include PLL,collagen Ⅰ,laminin and PLL combined with laminin.Distilled water was used as control.The neuron survival numbers and the mean length of the neurites were measured and compared.Results:The cells on the PLL dissolved into boric acid at 0.01 mol/L concentration survived well.The SMNs grown on the PLL combined with laminin were in dispersed disitribution with high survival rate.Conclusion:PLL combined with laminin is the best for the study of the motor neuron including both soma and neurite.
Design and Implementation of Pharmacopoeia Smart Learning System Based on Android Platform

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Pharmacopeia is the national statutory medication guide, rich in content, but the structure is complicated. Pharmacopeia learning system based on traditional resources are limited time, place, and therefore learning is inconvenient. The purpose of this paper is to develop the smart learning system possible for learner-centered, self- directed and interaction-oriented by using BYOD of learners. The developed system is configured with application for Android-based smart phone or tablet PC and application for Data Storage on web server. And using SOAP technology, Android device communicated with WEB platform. Smart learning system is designed to contain basic adaptive learning system and advanced adaptive learning system. Moreover, the system has overcome obstacle in pharmacopoeia learning which described above by providing various retrieval methods. Index Terms - Android platform, Smart learning system, Chinese Pharmacopoeia (CPH), SOAP
Side effect profile prediction - early addressing of big pharma's worst nightmare

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Adverse effects of drugs that are only identified after a compound enters the clinic seriously limit therapeutic potential and could result in withdrawal from the market.Two well-known examples in recent years were Rofecoxib (Vioxx®) and Cerivastatin (Baycol®, Lipobay®), but there are many other examples.Avoiding such adverse effects is therefore a key goal in drug discovery.
Music and Dance at the Royal Courts of Cambodia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The history of the royal courts and Khmer performing arts of Cambodia is long and fascinating. Reaching their zenith in the Angkor period from the ninth to fifteenth centuries, thousands of remnant ancient stone monuments, epigraphic inscriptions, sculptures and bas-reliefs across Cambodia, and beyond, attest to the great and opulent Khmer civilisation and culture. Today’s Khmer performing arts are the continuation and further development of the priceless legacy of Angkor, though this evolution has not always been smooth or straightforward. Broadly speaking, the arts are the interwoven fabric of Khmer life, reflecting the daily activities and temperament of the people, through which culture is integral to the Khmer soul and identity. And in particular, court-related functions – such as birth anniversaries, crowning anniversaries and celebrations, royal ceremonies, state occasions, diplomatic receptions and entertainment – have been the major means by which the country’s performing arts have been refined and presented. This chapter examines the history, development and sociocultural context of Khmer courts, with special focus on court music and dance-drama, through different epochs down to the present. The discussion suggests that Khmer performing arts are a source of pride and inspiration; they serve as the magnet and glue to shape, form, seal, affirm and reaffirm the unity and solidarity of the Khmer people and Cambodian nation.
Aluminum chloride-sodium iodide system as a highly selective reagent for non-hydrolytic cleavage of esters

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Esters e.g. $PhCO_2R [R = Me, Et, Me_2CH, Me(CH_2)7, PhCH_2] PhCH_2CO_2Et$, and $4-MeOC_6H_4CO_2Me$ were cleaved with $AlCl_3-NaI$ in MeCn to give 49-98% the corresponding acids. Only the alkyl ester of $4-BzOC_6H_4CO_2Me$ was cleaved to give 96% $4-BzOC_6H_4CO_2H$. The ease of cleavage of esters is in the order $PhCH_2>Me>Et>Me_2CH$ mchgt.Ph. Ph esters and aryl alkyl ethers are unaffected by the reagent.
A Diagnostic Tree Approach for Fault Cause Identification in the Attitude Control Subsystem of Satellites

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Space and Earth observation programs demand stringent guarantees ensuring smooth and reliable operations of space vehicles and satellites. Due to unforeseen circumstances and naturally occurring faults, it is desired that a fault-diagnosis system be capable of detecting, isolating, identifying, or classifying faults in the system. Unfortunately, none of the existing fault-diagnosis methodologies alone can meet all the requirements of an ideal fault- diagnosis system due to the variety of fault types, their severity, and handling mechanisms. However, it is possible to overcome these shortcomings through the integration of different existing fault-diagnosis methodologies. In this paper, a novel learning-based, diagnostic-tree approach is proposed which complements and strengthens existing efficient fault detection mechanisms with an additional ability to classify different types of faults to effectively determine potential fault causes in a subsystem of a satellite. This extra capability serves as a semiautomatic diagnostic decision support aid to expert human operators at ground stations and enables them to determine fault causes and to take quick and efficient recovery/reconfiguration actions. The developed diagnosis/analysis procedure exploits a qualitative technique denoted as diagnostic tree (DX-tree) analysis as a diagnostic tool for fault cause analysis in the attitude control subsystem (ACS) of a satellite. DX-trees constructed by our proposed machine-learning-based automatic tree synthesis algorithm are demonstrated to be able to determine both known and unforeseen combinations of events leading to different fault scenarios generated through synthetic attitude control subsystem data of a satellite. Though the immediate application of our proposed approach would be at ground stations, the proposed technique has potential for being integrated with causal model-based diagnosis and recovery techniques for future autonomous space vehicle missions.
Możliwości prawne i perspektywy osądzenia rosyjskiej agresji na Ukrainę

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The unjustified aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine in 2022 is a clear example of a violation of the fundamental prohibition of the international legal order to use the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state or in any other way inconsistent with the principles of the United Nations. The unimaginable scale of evil done does not allow for this act to be ignored without holding all those involved in planning or carrying out this crime accountable for it and without compensating for the losses incurred as a result of it. Liability for aggression is a multifaceted issue, which renders it difficult to understand the discussions in the public sphere. The presented considerations organize the necessary knowledge by presenting the legal possibilities and perspectives of judging Russian aggression against Ukraine. Four potential possibilities of holding the perpetrators of this aggression to account and the issue of international liability of the aggressor state are analyzed. The comments made do not exhaust the entire wealth of the issues in question, but they explain the normative bases and possibility of their application.
Intangibles : an empirical study on the valuation of biotechnology firms.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study examined the determinants of market value of biotechnology firms in the United States. Four intangible value drivers – Patents, Research & Development (R&D), Human Capital and Strategic Alliances were used to develop an empirical valuation model. We performed a regression of market values of biotech firms against individual variables that proxy for the intangible value drivers.
On the Integrated Test Technology of Object-Oriented Test

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We usually tested software developed by the object-oriented technology by the means of process-oriented test, but the effects are undesirable, which shows evidently in the period of integrated test. Because the class possesses inheritance, plymorphism and dynamic binding, different from the model in the process-oriented project. To obtain the better result, the in tegrated test technology oriented to the object must be found.
The Cruck-Built Barn of Frocester Court Farm, Gloucestershire, England

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Structural analysis, supported by radiocarbon and tree-ring measurements, discloses that the timbered roof of the great Tithe Barn of Frocester, in Gloucestershire, England, does not date-as formerly believed-from the time of John de Gamages, abbot of the Monastery of St. Peter's in Gloucester (1284-1306), but is a postmedieval reconstruction of the original roof that perished in a fire early in the 16th century. On the other hand, the masonry walls from which this roof rises are those of the original structure. In medieval cruck construction the roof-supporting trusses were fully assembled on the ground (or in the case of "raised" crucks as in Frocester, on temporary platforms erected for that purpose) and from there reared into vertical position with the aid of pullies and ropes. The walls from which these trusses rose were brought to their full height only after this was done. The analysis of the roof of Frocester tells us a lot about the difficulties postmedieval builders encountered in this type of construction when facing the task of inserting the timbers of a new roof individually from above into an already completed system of walls. Although erected in a wholly unmedieval manner, the postmedieval roof of Frocester, however, may in design and general appearance be a literal copy of the original roof. In medieval England the cruck-truss found its densest distribution in territories settled primarily by Celtic peoples (west and Midlands). Its elegant curvilinearity was of special attraction to the Celtic mind. In the Lowlands with their overwhelming Anglo-Saxon and Norman population, the great aisled barns and halls of the Middle Ages were built in straight timbers in the traditional form of their continental homelands.
Perception of Implants among Breast Reconstruction Patients in Montreal

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: In light of the recent surge of media coverage and social media influence regarding breast implants, it is essential to understand patients’ concerns and misconceptions so that we can better serve them. Methods: The authors designed a survey study for assessing the awareness and perception of patients toward breast implant–associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) and breast implant illness (BII). In total, 130 patients presenting to the senior author’s breast reconstruction clinic completed the survey. The survey assessed patients’ knowledge on and their perception of BIA-ALCL and BII. Results: “News article” and “Television” were most often selected as sources of information for BIA-ALCL (21% and 20%, respectively) and BII (20% and 25%, respectively). A total of 100 patients (77%) had previous knowledge of BIA-ALCL. Forty-seven percent (n = 47/100) responded that they were unsure of the fate of a person diagnosed with BIA-ALCL, and 25% (n = 25/100) were unaware of the association between BIA-ALCL and specific implant type. Patients who were unaware of BIA-ALCL prognosis reported being less likely to receive breast implants in the future ( P = 0.012, χ 2 = 19.48). Eighty-nine patients (68%) had previous knowledge of BII. A total of 60 symptoms were mentioned by patients, with “Fatigue” (12%, n = 26) being cited the most often. Conclusions: The present survey highlights the importance for plastic surgeons to frequently discuss these entities with their patients. This should be done despite the obscurity of BII, in an effort to offer the best available evidence to our patients.
Coronary Artery Aneurysms—A Case Study and Literature Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Coronary artery aneurysms are detected with increasing frequency owing to the advent of coronary angiographies. Although most patients with coronary artery aneurysms are asymptomatic, manifestations of myocardial ischemia may occur. The case described herein serves as a basis for a discussion of the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, detection, and treatment of coronary artery aneurysms.
Application of ultrafiltration to the preparation of defined hydrolysates of bovine haemoglobin

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Many uses of protein hydrolysates have been developed and applied to areas such as nutritional therapy, culture media, and the isolation of biologically active peptides. All these applications need carefully controlled and characterized hydrolysates. In order to produce such a type of hydrolysate, it is possible to use haemoglobin which is a very well defined and constant protein source. Enzymic hydrolysis of haemoglobin by pepsin was carried out at pilot‐plant scale in an ultrafiltration reactor with mineral membranes. The object was to obtain a reproducible, decolorized, salt‐free enzymic hydrolysate. Two types of membranes were tested having 10000 dalton (M5 type) and 20000 dalton (M4 type) cut‐offs. Little significant difference was observed in the final products when both types of membranes were used. Reproducibility of hydrolysates was verified by amino acid analysis and gel filtration chromatography. The haemoglobin hydrolysates produced contained more than 90% protein and are especially suitable for fine applications.
Information fusion for HVAC application

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The developments of pervasive sensors for Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) process has been attracting increasing attention over the years. Information from these sensors carries complex interrelationships between the thermodynamic parameter of HVAC. Therefore, the extraction of key relationships from these pervasive sensors that drive the heat exchange phenomena, including their interactions with the environment and users are to be discovered. Information fusion from multi-modal data source, ASHRAE RP-884 Adaptive Model of Thermal Comfort and Performance with simulations using MATLAB® is proposed to analyse the heat exchange phenomena. Feed forward neural networks model, Extreme Learning Machines (ELM) is used to analysis the testing accuracy based on the target values and its variables. Correlations of variables with PMV and ASHRAE shows different outcome with additional variables through ELM testing accuracy. This study shows how correlations were established using ELM with given data variables and randomly generated variables. Six primary variables of predicted mean vote (PMV) index calculation by Fanger were used from RP-884 data and randomly generated variables. Addition of available data variables from RP-884 is used to discover the relationship of PMV and ASHRAE thermal sensation scale. The target values used for the ELM technique are PMV and ASHARAE thermal sensational scale. ELM results shown that the testing accuracy does not necessary improve with additional variables
Predicting the Rate of 222Rn Entry from Soil into the Basement of a Dwelling Due to Pressure-Driven Air Flow

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A combination of analytical and numerical methods is applied to the problem of computing 222Rn transport from soil into a dwelling having a basement. Transport is assumed to occur solely by pressure-driven air flow, and the basement shell is assumed to have a single dominant leak that is uniformly distributed around the perimeter at the level of the floor. The results show that for small flow rates of air through the soil, the radon entry rate into the basement increases in proportion to ?Po, the outdoor-indoor pressure difference at the soil level. For large flow rates, the entry rate increases only in proportion to ?Po2/3, due to depletion of radon concentration in the soil. A sample calculation indicates that via this transport mode, soil having ordinary 226Ra content and moderately high permeability can be responsible for indoor radon concentrations of the order of 500 Bq.m-3, greater than recommended guidelines for new housing.
A Study on the Improvement of 3D Building Data Format for Spatial Information Open Platform

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

공간정보 오픈플랫폼에서는 국가공간정보를 공개하여 국민이 자유롭게 활용할 수 있는 서비스를 제공하고 있다. 최근 고품질의 3차원 공간정보와 실내공간정보에 대한 수요가 증가하고 있으나, 현재 오픈플랫폼은 실내와 실외의 공간정보 데이터가 상이한 형식과 저장구조로 구성되어 매끄럽게 연결된 서비스가 불가능한 상황이다. 또한 현재 서비스에 사용되는 3차원 데이터 포맷이 최근 서비스 환경의 변화와 신기술을 반영하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 오픈플랫폼 3차원 데이터의 서비스 향상 및 상호운영성 확보를 위하여 서비스에 사용되는 3차원 데이터 포맷의 개선방안을 제시하였다. 제안한 포맷은 기존 포맷과 비교하여 경량화되었고 렌더링 속도가 개선되었다.
PA02.10. A review on immunomodulator activity of some indiginious medical plants

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Purpose:It has been estimated that about 6 laks infant and young children die from RSV annually, and if bacterial co infections are included this number may approach 10 laks deaths annually. More than 2 million deaths are estimated to result each year the world over as a consequence of diarrheal disease in children of under five years. This statistic shows that children are more vulnerable to infection because their immune system is less or under developed. At this age any intervention which could motivate their immune system, may prove boon to them. Ayurveda with its concept of Rasayana is holding various medicinal plants which are excellent immunomodulator and capable to reduce the morbidity status.Method:Peer review journals were searched to list all medicinal plants with immunomodulator activities, particularly acting on recurrent respiratory infection and recurrent diarrhoeal episodes. Only full texts in English were accepted for the present study.Result:Out of all researches Amalaki (Emblica officinalis), Ashwagandha(Withania somnifera), Yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra), and Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) were found more potent to reduce morbidity rate. In which Amalaki is very cost effective, easily available, easily cultivated with highest immunomodulator properties.Conclusion:Recurrent respiratory tract infection and recurrent diarrhoeal episodes are major part of morbidity and Amalaki is a best option to reduce it.
Magnetic hysteresis of a superconducting microstrip resonator with a high edge barrier

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the magnetic hysteresis of a superconducting microstrip resonator with a high edge barrier. We measure the magnetic hysteresis while either sweeping a magnetic field or tuning the edge barrier by high microwave current. We show that the magnetic hysteresis of such a device is qualitatively different from that of one without an edge barrier and can be understood based on the generalized critical-state model. In particular, we propose and demonstrate a simple and intuitive method that relies on a plot of the quality factor versus the resonance frequency for revealing the physical processes behind those hysteretic behaviors. Based on this, we find that the interplay between the Meisser current and vortex pinning is essential for understanding the magnetic hysteresis of such a device.
GP workload is a barrier to collaboration, BMA survey finds

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

More than two thirds of general practitioners believe that their workloads stop them from forming networks, a BMA survey has found.1

Of the 1555 respondents who completed the BMA’s GP Practice Collaboration Survey , 69% said that workload pressure was a barrier to establishing a network or federation. Similarly, 66.5% said that a lack of time prevented them from collaborating with others.

One in five respondents …
Are semi-aquatic bugs (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) indicators of hydrological stability of permanent ponds?

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The composition of semi-aquatic bug communities from eight permanent ponds from southern Transylvania was investigated between 2001 and 2004. Three of the ponds were sampled repeatedly throughout the active period of the year, while the other five were sampled only once. Microvelia reticulata (Burmeister, 1835) and Gerris argentatus Schummel, 1832 were the dominant species from the thoroughly investigated habitats. Statistical analysis proved that each of the sampled species has specific habitat preferences in relation to the modifications of the hydrological regime of the ponds (reflected by the modifications of open water areas, station sizes, and percentages of vegetation coverage). The results, obtained from the three habitats investigated throughout the active period, were confirmed by the samples taken from the other five habitats opening the discussion about the use of semi-aquatic bug communities as bioindicators of the hydrological regime for permanent ponds.
Nociceptive behaviour of rats exposed to 50 Hz moderate intensity Electric Field during development

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

There is mounting evidence about the interaction of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) with the bio-system. The present investigation was aimed to explore the effect of EMF on nociceptive behaviour in rats. Nociceptive behaviour to phasic noxious stimuli and its emotional component were compared in rats exposed to EMF for 30 or 54 days. The results suggest that only the emotional component of the phasic pain was affected by the applied field.