jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Image Analysis of the Complex of Thin Filaments and Myosin Molecules from Skeletal Muscle. IV.1 Reconstitution from Minimal- and High-Dose Images of the Actin-Tropomyosin-Myosin Subfragment-1 Complex2

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Three-dimensional images of the actin-tropomyosin-myosin subfragment-1 (S1) complex were reconstituted from both minimal- and high-dose electron micrographs by using a conventional reconstruction technique. Higher resolution (1/15 A-1) than those of the previous reconstructions was attained. A multi-domain structure similar to that of the actin-S1 complex described in the previous paper (1) was observed and a ne diagram of the multi-domain structure of the actin-tropomyosin-S1 complex is presented. The shape of S1 molecules in the rigor complex was clearly resolved. In a view perpendicular to the filament axis, S1 had an axially bent profile; only the tail portion, which was thin but was not small in diameter, was steeply inclined. These features were more prominent in the model from minimal-dose images than that from high-dose images.
An analysis of Zakat expenditure and real output: theory and empirical evidence

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study advocates zakat as the major and potent fiscal policy instrument in an Islamic state. Zakat plays its role in the macroeconomic stabilization policy through the non -discretionary and discretionary fiscal policy. The built -in stabilizer mechanism occurs when zakat collection is automatically reduced during recession giving more money to the people to spend which tends to stimulate the economy; while during the boom period more zakat is collected, reducing the ability of the people to spend which tends to dampen economic activities. These reduce macroeconomic fluctuations. As a discretionary fiscal policy, the government varies the disbursement of zakat to the recipients whenever necessary during the phases of a business cycle. During the expansion phase, the government decreases zakat disbursement to reduce aggregate spending. Likewise zakat disbursement is increased when the economy is in the downswing to increase aggregate spending. Empirical evidence using Malaysian data supports the hypothesis that zakat spending is a potent fiscal instrument to improve the economic performance. The results of panel data regression analysis indicate that zakat expenditure could significantly explain the variation in the real output. This suggests that Muslim countries should make serious effort to improve the efficiency of zakat collection and spending to generate growth and the development of ummah
Momordica charantia nanoparticles promote mitochondria biogenesis in the pancreas of diabetic-induced rats: gene expression study

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Mitochondria dysfunction is one of the clinical features of diabetes mellitus (DM), which is a hallmark of insulin resistance (IR). This study investigates the therapeutic effect of Momordica charantia nanoparticles on mitochondria biogenesis in diabetic-induced rats. Forty-two adult wistar rats (average weight of 189 ± 10.32) were grouped as follows: STZ (65 mg/kg), control group, STZ + silver nitrate (10 mg/kg), STZ + M. charantia silver nanoparticles (50 mg/kg), STZ + metformin (100 mg/kg), and STZ + M. charantia aqueous extract (100 mg/kg). DM was induced intraperitoneal using freshly prepared solution of STZ (65 mg/kg), and rats with fasting blood sugar (FBS) above 250 mg/dl after 72 h of induction were considered diabetic. Treatment started after the third day of induction and lasted for 11 days. Effect of M. charantia nanoparticles on glucose level and pancreatic expression of genes involved in mitochondria biogenesis (PGC-1α, AMPK, GSK-3β, PPARϒ), inflammation (IL-1B, TNFα) and glucose sensitivity (PI3K, AKT, PTEN Insulin and Glut2) were quantified using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results The results showed that M. charantia nanoparticles promote mitochondria biogenesis, glucose sensitivity and reverse inflammation in the pancreas of diabetes rat model through upregulation of PGC-1α, AMPK, PPARϒ, AKT, Insulin and Glut2 mRNA expression and downregulation of GSK-3β, PI3K, IL-1B and TNFα mRNA expression in the pancreas of diabetic rats. Conclusion This study thus concludes that M. charantia nanoparticles may provide effective therapeutics against mitochondria dysfunction in the pancreas of diabetic model.
Reliable and Reproducible Method to Extract High-Quality RNA from Plant Tissues Rich in Secondary Metabolites

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

radiation, while expression of the housekeeping gene GAPDwas not appreciably affected.This approach has given useful and consistent results in our laboratory in a wide variety of stress-gene expression experiments.In addition, it has been effective in comparing the expression of genes between different cell lines (Amundson et al., manuscript submitted) in which the expression of housekeeping genes often varied.In these studies, there was a good correlation between relative expression of specific transcripts and their expression at the protein level.In an era when high-throughput expression screening techniques such as microarray analysis are becoming increasingly widespread, there is a pressing need for rapid and accurate methods of confirming the results of such studies.Our single-probe hybridization with normalization to polyU is one such technique.With the current RNA -Think program, up to 50 RNA samples can be analyzed in one run and ten to twenty different probes can be used in one day, allowing the analysis of hundreds of samples.Unlike techniques such as RNase protection and real-time PCR, no specialized probes need to be developed before a new gene can be analyzed with this technique.Finally, this single-probe hybridization technique is more sensitive and more quantitative than hybridizations using complex probes, such as those used in microarray analysis, thus providing an important complement to such high-throughput techniques.
An Exported Inducer Peptide Regulates Bacteriocin Production in Enterococcus faecium CTC492

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Production of the bacteriocins enterocin A and enterocin B in Enterococcus faecium CTC492 was dependent on the presence of an extracellular peptide produced by the strain itself. This induction factor (EntF) was purified, and amino acid sequencing combined with DNA sequencing of the corresponding gene identified it as a peptide of 25 amino acids. The gene encodes a prepeptide of 41 amino acids, including a 16-amino-acid leader peptide of the double-glycine type. Environmental factors influenced the level of bacteriocin production in E. faecium CTC492. The optimal pH for bacteriocin production was 6.2. At pH 5.5, growth was slow, and very little bacteriocin was formed. The presence of NaCl or ethanol (EtOH) was also inhibitory to bacteriocin production, and at high concentrations of these solutes, no bacteriocin production was observed. The induction factor induced its own synthesis, and by dilution of the culture 10 6 times or more, nonproducing cultures were obtained. Bacteriocin production was induced in these cultures by addition of EntF. The response was linear, and low bacteriocin production could be induced by about 10 −17 M EntF. This response was attenuated by low pH or the presence of high concentrations of NaCl or EtOH, and 300 times more EntF was needed to induce detectable bacteriocin production in the presence of 6.5% NaCl. High levels of bacteriocin production in cultures grown at low pH or in the presence of high concentrations of NaCl or EtOH were obtained by addition of sufficient amounts of EntF.
Bourdieu’s capital and insurgent group resilience:a field-theoretic approach to the polisario front

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The conflict between the rebel group, the Polisario Front, and the Kingdom of Morocco is nearing its 43rd year. Though under-reported, the conflict itself garners attention for the resilience – some would say tenacity – of the ethnically Sahrawi Polisario Front. Despite shifting regional and international politics and the nearly 150, 000 Sahrawi refugees waiting in nearby Algerian camps, the rebel group has survived. What explains its resilience? This article uses Bourdieu’s ‘forms of capital’ to understand the Polisario Front’s persistence. Based on field research in Algeria, Western Sahara, and the United States, it finds that social, cultural, symbolic, and economic capital may provide an explanation.
Laminar Flame Velocity of Syngas Fuels

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In this present study, burning velocities of H2–CO mixtures (primary constituents of syngas fuels) are measured. Impact of different burner systems, H2 concentration, and different measurement techniques on the burning velocities of H2–CO mixtures are discussed. The burning velocities of H2–CO mixtures increase as the H2 contents in the mixture increase. Even with different burner systems using different methods, the burning velocities are aligned in the lean condition, but at rich conditions, they deviate from each other. The burning velocities of actual syngas compositions (based on different sources of coal) are also measured and analyzed. It was found that the effect of carbon dioxide had a more dominating role compared with nitrogen on the burning velocities.
Meta-analyses of colorectal cancer risk factors Constance M. JohnsonCaimiao WeiJoe E. Ensor • Derek J. SmolenskiChristopher I. AmosBernard Levin •

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose Demographic, behavioral, and environmental factors have been associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). We reviewed the published evidence and explored associations between risk factors and CRC incidence. Methods We identified 12 established non-screening CRC risk factors and performed a comprehensive review and meta-analyses to quantify each factor’s impact on CRC risk. We used random-effects models of the logarithms of risks across studies: inverse-variance weighted averages for dichotomous factors and generalized least squares for dose‐response for multi-level factors. Results Significant risk factors include inflammatory bowel disease (RR = 2.93, 95 % CI 1.79‐4.81); CRC history in first-degree relative (RR = 1.80, 95 % CI 1.61‐2.02); body mass index (BMI) to overall population (RR = 1.10 per 8 kg/m 2 increase, 95 % CI 1.08‐1.12); physical activity (RR = 0.88, 95 % CI 0.86‐0.91 for 2 standard deviations increased physical activity score); cigarette smoking (RR = 1.06, 95 % CI 1.03‐1.08 for 5 pack-years); and consumption of red meat (RR = 1.13, 95 % CI 1.09‐1.16 for 5 servings/week), fruit (RR = 0.85, 95 % CI 0.75‐0.96 for 3 servings/day), and vegetables (RR = 0.86, 95 % CI 0.78‐0.94 for 5 servings/day). Conclusions We developed a comprehensive risk modeling strategy that incorporates multiple effects to predict an individual’s risk of developing CRC. Inflammatory bowel disease and history of CRC in first-degree relatives are associated with much higher risk of CRC. Increased BMI, red meat intake, cigarette smoking, low physical activity, low vegetable consumption, and low fruit consumption were associated with moderately increased risk of CRC.
[Use of CT-guided metal wires in pre-thoracoscopic localization of peripheral pulmonary nodules].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The recent developments in thoracic surgery have broadened the application spectrum of thoracoscopy. Video-assisted thoracoscopic lung resection is now available both to diagnose and to treat peripheral pulmonary nodules. A major factor limiting the success of thoracoscopic lung resection is the difficult localization of the pulmonary nodule. When lesions are very small and deep inside the lung, their preoperative detection may be difficult. This study was aimed at investigating the effectiveness of hookwires for CT-guided localization of peripheral pulmonary lesions requiring thoracoscopic resection. In 12 patients 12 nodules, previously detected with chest radiography, were localized with hookwires under CT guidance. Ten of 12 patients underwent thoracoscopic resection for diagnostic purposes, while the extant two patients underwent therapeutic wedge resection. In all patients prethoracoscopic hookwire positioning was successful. In 11 of 12 patients the lesion was accurately localized, while in the extant patient the wire tip was inserted deeper than the nodule. In 3 patients the wire was dislodged before surgery: in all of them a small hemorrhage developed on the visceral pleura and wedge resection was likewise possible. Four patients had a small pneumothorax which was not treated before surgery. In conclusion, percutaneous hookwire localization of peripheral lung lesions is an easy and efficacious technique and promotes thoracoscopy as a less invasive alternative to thoracotomy.
Molecular Confirmation of Anopheles stephensi Mosquitoes in the Al Hudaydah Governorate, Yemen, 2021 and 2022

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

We detected malaria vector Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes in the Al Hudaydah governorate in Yemen by using DNA sequencing. We report 2 cytochrome c oxidase subunit I haplotypes, 1 previously found in Ethiopia, Somalia, Djibouti, and Yemen. These findings provide insight into invasive An. stephensi mosquitoes in Yemen and their connection to East Africa.
WEEDY ADAPTATION IN SETARIA SPP. I. ISOZYME ANALYSIS OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AND POPULATION GENETIC STRUCTURE IN SETARIA VIRIDIS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Setaria viridis is an important self‐pollinating, cosmopolitan weed of temperate regions worldwide. Allozyme markers were used to investigate genetic diversity and structure in 168 accessions (including four S. italica ) collected mainly from North America and Eurasia. Genetic diversity in green foxtail, and its population genetic structure, provided important clues about this weed's evolutionary history. Genetic diversity was low, with marked population differentiation: the percentage of polymorphic loci was 25% (0.95 criterion); mean number of alleles per locus was 1.86; mean panmictic heterozygosity was 0.07; and the coefficient of population genetic differentiation was 0.65. A common genotype occurred in 25 accessions distributed in six countries from both the Old World and New World, in a wide variety of ecological situations. Relatively little genetic divergence occurred between Eurasia and North America, with Nei's unbiased genetic identity between the two regions equaling 1.0. Populations from these two continents also had equivalent genetic diversity. Within North America, regional differentiation was indicated by northern and southern groups separated at 43.5° N latitude. No geographic pattern in genetic diversity was found within Eurasia. The size of the geographic range from which populations were sampled was not an accurate indicator of the extent of genetic diversity found among populations from that region. These results suggest that present patterning among green foxtail populations in North America is the consequence of multiple introductions into the New World followed by local adaptation and regional differentiation. Finally, S. italica and several green foxtail varieties did not differ isozymatically from typical forms of green foxtail. This supports the view that S. italica and S. viridis are conspecific, that the former (foxtail millet) is a domesticated form of the latter, and also questions the taxonomic validity of formally recognizing morphological varieties within green foxtail.
Millerigobius_J1735.tifX-ray data set

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

X-ray data set used in "Skeletal traits and otoliths can unravel the relationships within European Gobiidae (Gobius lineage sensu lato)" Bettina Reichenbacher, Jasna Vukić, Radek Šanda, Ulrich K. Schliewen, Hamid R. Esmaeili, Abderrahmane Kassar, IN: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2023, XX, 1–32 https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad058
scale bar of X-ray images = 1 cm
Anesthesia at Laparotomy Indications for Peritonitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Peritonitis is an inflammation of the peritonium which consists of a serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and visceral organs in it and is an emergency that can be accompanied by sepsis. Inflammation in peritonitis can be localized or generalized in the peritoneum cavity which is generally caused by bacteria or fungi, but can also be caused by non-infectious substances such as the contents of the stomach or bile contents. Peritonitis due to infection is classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary. This is rare, but it generally appears in teenage women. 90% of SBP cases occur due to monomicrobial infections. Streptococcus pneumoniae is usually the causative organism. It has been reported that a 15-year-old woman was brought to the emergency room complaining of severe abdominal pain. The pain is felt continuously as if it were pricked. Previously, the patient had taken Chinese medicine given by the patient's mother but it did not decrease. On physical examination, signs of peritonitis were obtained and a laparotomy was planned. The patient is categorized as an ASA II patient, due to the absence of a history of systemic disease.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI INNOVATION PERFORMANCE PADA PT BANK CENTRAL ASIA PRIORITAS KCU SCBD

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to analyze the factors influencing Innovation Performance, consisting of several predictors. The research design applies hypothesis testing to examine the effects of Deliberate Innovation Practice, Opportunity Perception, and Platform Digitization Capability on Innovation Performance among employees of BCA Prioritas branches at KCU SCBD, BEJ, Senayan City, and Santa in South Jakarta. A quantitative research approach was employed. The data analysis method used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the aid of AMOS 22 software. Prior to hypothesis testing, a goodness-of-fit test was conducted. The research findings indicate that Deliberate Innovation Practice, Opportunity Perception, and Platform Digitization Capability all have a positive influence on Innovation Performance. The novelty of this research lies in its focus on Innovation Performance within the banking sector, while previous studies have predominantly observed companies in the business and tourism sectors. Additionally, this study introduces Platform Digitization Capability as a rarely examined predictor.
Subcellular Energetics and Carbon Storage in Chlamydomonas

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Microalgae have emerged as a promising platform for production of carbon- and energy- rich molecules, notably starch and oil. Establishing an economically viable algal biotechnology sector requires a holistic understanding of algal photosynthesis, physiology, cell cycle and metabolism. Starch/oil productivity is a combined effect of their cellular content and cell division activities. Cell growth, starch and fatty acid synthesis all require carbon building blocks and a source of energy in the form of ATP and NADPH, but with a different requirement in ATP/NADPH ratio. Thus, several cellular mechanisms have been developed by microalgae to balance ATP and NADPH supply which are essentially produced by photosynthesis. Major energy management mechanisms include ATP production by the chloroplast-based cyclic electron flow and NADPH removal by water-water cycles. Furthermore, energetic coupling between chloroplast and other cellular compartments, mitochondria and peroxisome, is increasingly recognized as an important process involved in the chloroplast redox poise. Emerging literature suggests that alterations of energy management pathways affect not only cell fitness and survival, but also influence biomass content and composition. These emerging discoveries are important steps towards diverting algal photosynthetic energy to useful products for biotechnological applications.
Teaching the Syntactic, Semantic and Pragmatic Dimensions of Verbs

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The audiolingual emphasis on teaching structure with a minimum of vocabulary has contributed little to the development of vocabulary materials. Lexical usage, however, is an area in which ESL students demonstrate a considerable number of errors. In an effort to help develop lexical competence, this paper illustrates one strategy for teaching vocabulary with the use of a computer corpus. Because of their inherent difficulty, verbs are the main focus of the materials, although the technique could be used with other parts of speech. It is assumed here that knowing a word involves knowing how to use the word syntactically, semantically, and pragmatically.
Effect ofLactobacillus plantarumStrain K21 on High-Fat Diet-Fed Obese Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Recent studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of specific probiotics on alleviating obesity-related disorders. Here we aimed to identify probiotics with potential antiobesity activity among 88 lactic acid bacterial strains via in vitro screening assays, and a Lactobacillus plantarum strain K21 was found to harbor abilities required for hydrolyzing bile salt, reducing cholesterol, and inhibiting the accumulation of lipid in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Furthermore, effects of K21 on diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were examined. Male C57Bl/6J mice received a normal diet, high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD with K21 administration (10 9 CFU in 0.2 mL PBS/day) for eight weeks. Supplementation of K21, but not placebo, appeared to alleviate body weight gain and epididymal fat mass accumulation, reduce plasma leptin levels, decrease cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and mitigate liver damage in DIO mice. Moreover, the hepatic expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- γ (PPAR- γ ) related to adipogenesis was significantly downregulated in DIO mice by K21 intervention. We also found that K21 supplementation strengthens intestinal permeability and modulates the amount of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., and Clostridium perfringens in the cecal contents of DIO mice. In conclusion, our results suggest that dietary intake of K21 protects against the onset of HFD-induced obesity through multiple mechanisms of action.