jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Systematic study of hadrons and their quark-component nuclear modification factors

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We have systematically studied the connection (correspondence) between hadrons and their quark-component nuclear modification factors and the flavor (mass) ordering at both parton and hadron levels in nucleus-nucleus collisions at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider, using the paciae model. It turns out that the correspondence and the mass ordering generally hold, irrespective of the rapidity, centrality, reaction energy, and collision system size. The nuclear modification factors of hadrons in the final hadronic state show clear mass ordering, which should be studied further both theoretically and experimentally.
Prediction of energy dissipation in violent sloshing flows simulated by Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<p>The present work aims to investigate the use of fuel sloshing to reduce the design loads on aircraft wings. These are highly flexible structures that can deform significantly under a certain loading. Wings house the fuel tanks and generally carry an amount of fuel comparable in weight to that of their structural components. In the present research, the SPH model is adopted to investigate the damping effect of fuel sloshing on the dynamics of flexible wing-like structures. This represents a quite challenging task for SPH and more in general, for CFD tools, being the fuel tank under study subjected to vertical accelerations as high as 10g. The resulting flow is extremely complex due to the highly turbulent flow, the violent impacts, and the intense fragmentation of the air-liquid interface. The straightforward application of SPH to the problem suffers from some numerical issues, such as tensile instability. To this aim the recent δ-LES-SPH model is adopted. The focus of the analysis is on the energy balance of the mechanical system. In particular, the experiments in are reproduced in the numerical simulations comparing the flow evolution and the obtained forces and dissipated energy.</p>
Gender diversity and corporate sustainability performance: empirical evidence from India

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose This study aims to attempt to evaluate and establish the relationship between gender diversity (GD) on the board and corporate sustainability performance. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 212 non-financial companies listed on the National Stock Exchange has been considered for a period of 2013–2014 to 2018–2019. For the purpose of the analysis, this study has conducted the static panel data model analysis and also some diagnostics tests to arrive at robust results. Findings This study, from its analysis, interprets that GD or the proportion of women directors in the company plays a significant role in the decisions related to the sustainability performance of the company. Alongside GD, the profitability of the company, measured in terms of Tobin’s Q, and firm size are also seen to have a positive impact on the sustainability performance of the company. Practical implications This study from its findings contributes to the existing works of literature by highlighting the impact of GD on the sustainability performance of the firm. This study thus recommends the recruitment of an ample number of females in the top-notch positions of the board to create a gender-diverse management team to reap the benefits of leadership styles of both genders. Originality/value Very few studies have been conducted on the dynamics of women’s directorship, especially in an emerging economy like India. This study thus tries to fill this important gap in the literature by examining the relationship between board GD and sustainability performance of Indian firms.
Comparing PV power plant soiling measurements extracted from PV module irradiance and power measurements

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The accumulation of dust and other environmental contaminants on PV modules, also known as PV module soiling, is a significant source of lost potential power generation for PV installations. Designers and operators of utility-scale solar power plants are increasingly seeking methods to quantify soiling-related losses, in order to improve performance modeling and verification or to optimize washing schedules. Recently, soiling measurement equipment has been introduced based on the measurement of two co-planar PV modules, one of which is regularly cleaned, and the other of which naturally accumulates environmental contaminants. These measurements are used to determine a soiling ratio (SR), which may be applied as a derate factor in analysis of the PV system performance. In this work, we examine the difference between a soiling ratio metric calculated from measured temperature-corrected short-circuit current values (SR Isc ), which represents the fraction of irradiance reaching the soiled modules, versus a soiling ratio calculated from measured temperature-corrected PV module maximum power values (SR Pmax ), which represents the fraction of power produced by the soiled modules compared to clean modules. We examine both techniques for CdTe and c-Si module technologies. This study is motivated by the fact that variations in module efficiency versus irradiance, as well as any non-uniformity of soiling, may introduce differences between the power losses estimated from short-circuit current values versus actual soiling-induced power losses. For CdTe, the SR Isc method is found to be a good proxy for the SR Pmax method for nonuniform soiling levels up to 11%.
Application of Buccal Micronucleus Cytome Assay in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients on Etanercept: A Case–Control Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease characterized by its chronicity and symmetrical pattern of involvement. The purpose of the present study was to assess the genotoxic effect of the antitumor necrosis factor-ɑ agent (Etanercept) in the adult rheumatoid arthritis patients by the mean of a buccal micronucleus cytome assay . Buccal smears from a normal mucosa of 30 rheumatoid arthritis patients on Etanercept and 30 healthy subjects were taken to apply the buccal micronucleus cytome assay on them. Significantly higher frequencies of micronuclei, pyknotic cells and nuclear buds were seen in those patients when compared to controls. In respect to these findings, the rheumatoid arthritis patients on Etanercept were showing a higher frequency of the genomic damage and cell death biomarkers than the healthy controls which indicates a higher risk of developing pathosis. Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, genotoxic effect, buccal micronucleus cytome assay.
Post-Mortem Electrical Stimulation of Muscle and its Effects on Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Adenosine Triphosphatase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was isolated from control muscles and from muscles which had been subjected to short-term post-mortem electrical stimulation. Both preparations had similar protein compositions but the SR from electrically stimulated muscle had a lower 'extra' ATPase activity. The ability of the SR preparations from electrically stimulated muscles to accumulate Ca2+ was about the same as the controls. There was, therefore, an apparently greater efficiency of Ca2+ transport in the isolated vesicles, the reason for which is not known, but an alteration in the 'leakiness' of the membrane may be involved. Purified ATPase isolated from control and stimulated SR contained, in addition to the ATPase protein, a polypeptide of molecular weight about 30000. The purified ATPase vesicles from electrically stimulated muscle had a reduced activity as measured by ATP splitting activity, phosphoenzyme formation from either inorganic orthophosphate (Pi) or ATP, or by an ATP ¢ Pi exchange reaction. These reduced activities probably result from an alteration in the binding affinities of the ATPase for ATP and Pi' The low affinity site for calcium binding was not affected by electrical stimulation. Purified ATPase vesicles from stimulated muscle were more susceptible to proteolytic attack, suggesting that the conformation of the protein or its association with the membrane lipids had been altered.
Theory of Water Desalination with Intercalation Materials

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We present porous electrode theory for capacitive deionization (CDI) with electrodes containing nanoparticles that consist of a redox-active intercalation material. A geometry of a desalination cell is considered which consists of two porous electrodes, two flow channels and an anion-exchange membrane, and we use Nernst-Planck theory to describe ion transport in the aqueous phase in all these layers. A single-salt solution is considered, with unequal diffusion coefficients for anions and cations. Similar to previous models for CDI and electrodialysis, we solve the dynamic two-dimensional equations by assuming that flow of water, and thus the advection of ions, is zero in the electrode, and in the flow channel only occurs in the direction along the electrode and membrane. In all layers, diffusion and migration are only considered in the direction perpendicular to the flow of water. Electronic as well as ionic transport limitations within the nanoparticles are neglected, and instead the Frumkin isotherm (or regular solution model) is used to describe local chemical equilibrium of cations between the nanoparticles and the adjacent electrolyte, as a function of the electrode potential. Our model describes the dynamics of key parameters of the CDI process with intercalation electrodes, such as effluent salt concentration, the distribution of intercalated ions, cell voltage, and energy consumption.
Overcoming the hurdles: setting up clinical trials in three UK hospices

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Three nurses, all experienced in palliative care but new to a research role, were employed by a Comprehensive Local Research Network to form part of the first network of ‘research-active hospices’ in the UK. This article outlines the challenges and hurdles faced by the research nurses and illustrates how their achievements can be capitalized on to ensure that future research nurses have a greater insight into the research process when undertaking clinical palliative care research studies in a non-NHS setting. The research nurses' experiences have highlighted issues that need addressing, particularly in relation to research governance—ethical and Research and Development approval for National Institute for Health Research portfolio studies being undertaken in what are effectively classed as non-NHS institutions with NHS patients. These issues are hopefully now being taken forward by those responsible for policy-making, ensuring that an ever-growing population of palliative care patients involved with hospice services has the same access to participation in research as other NHS patients.
New malaria treatments may not be ideal

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Combination therapy based on artemisinins, which forms the basis of a newer class of antimalarial drugs, has been advocated recently to improve efficacy and limit the spread of resistance. But these drugs may not be the ideal treatment for uncomplicated malaria, especially in highly endemic areas in Africa.

In the regions of Africa that have the highest transmission rates, cheaper combinations of older medicines, principally amodiaquine and sulfadoxine pyrimethamine, worked better. Patients on these drugs have at least as good a chance of preventing recurrent malarial infection (defined as either new infections or the previous infection returning) compared with patients treated with the newer, more expensive artemisinin …
Hybrid time‐dependent reliability analysis under a mixture of random and interval uncertainties

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract A new time‐dependent reliability analysis model with a mixture of random variables and interval variables is proposed in this paper. First, samples of random variables are generated according to their probability density functions. Then, the samples are substituted into the performance function to obtain the interval processes corresponding to these samples. The reliability index of each interval process is computed to finally obtain the upper and lower bounds of failure probability. The adaptive Kriging surrogate model based on the global addition strategy is used in the calculation process to increase the computational efficiency. The accuracy of the computational strategy is demonstrated by a mathematical example and three engineering practical cases. The proposed new hybrid time‐dependent reliability model is compared to the conventional hybrid reliability model. The comparison results show that the proposed model is more convenient to implement than the conventional reliability model. It can accurately evaluate the reliability of the structure and can be applied to real‐world engineering practice thereby providing assistance and guidance for hybrid time‐dependent reliability analysis of structures.
War Stories: British Elite Narratives of the 1982 Falklands/Malvinas War

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

I focus on British parliamentary discussions during the 1982 Falklands/Malvinas War campaign. By drawing on the recent literature of critical geopolitics and dissident international relations theory, I explore how the British government discursively justified the war campaign. Focusing on the war stories of the Thatcher government is a useful way of examining how certain organising scripts were used to demarcate sovereign identities and spaces. Finally, I highlight how the war stories were controlled and naturalised as the war campaign unfolded.
Erratum: Comparison of Guaiac-Based and Quantitative Immunochemical Fecal Occult Blood Testing in a Population at Average Risk Undergoing Colorectal Cancer Screening

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

American Journal of Gastroenterology: February 2012 - Volume 107 - Issue 2 - p 331-332 doi: 10.1038/ajg.2011.364
Recent developments in plough technology

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, interesting developments have taken place in the field of plough technology and these have contributed to an appreciable rise in performance and output. The plough body has been improved from the point of view of stability and maintained attitude and also in steerability as well as the actual breaking out and loading actions. Some new types of plough have also been developed. Attempts to deal with face ends with precoaling ploughs have been successful. New blades and chains, as also guides, have led to improved economics and service reliability. A start has been made with plough automation research. Trials are presently under way using new equipment to back up the ploughing action with ultrahigh pressurised water jets and cut the coal with these. An activated plough is also ready for underground trials at Ruhrkohle AG together with all the other recent developments, in the near future.
New IP 3 Receptor Partner?

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP 3 R) is a ligand-gated ion channel that mediates release of Ca 2+ from intracellular stores in response to stimuli that promote hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. In this crucial role, the channel is, of course, highly regulated, and this occurs in part through interaction with other proteins. In a screen for new interaction partners of the IP 3 receptor, Ando et al. identified a protein they call IRBIT (for IP 3 R-binding protein released with inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate), which has a number of intriguing properties. IRBIT looks like S -adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, the enzyme that cleaves S -adenosylhomocysteine to form adenosine and homocysteine, but the authors could find no such enzymatic activity of IRBIT. IRBIT from extracts of rat cerebellar microsomes bound to the NH 2 -terminal portion of the IP 3 R in vitro, and the interaction was localized to the IP 3 -binding region of the IP 3 R. IRBIT contains numerous potential phosphorylation sites, and treatment of extracts with alkaline phosphatase prevented interaction of IRBIT with the IP 3 R. Immunoprecipitation of proteins from lysates of mouse cerebellum with an antibody to IRBIT provided evidence that the IP 3 R and IRBIT interact in vivo. The authors' original screen selected for proteins whose interaction with the IP 3 R was altered by binding of IP 3 , and further analysis of in vitro binding showed that concentrations of IP 3 estimated to be in the physiological range displaced IRBIT bound to the IP 3 R. The authors note that IRBIT displaced from the IP 3 R upon binding of IP 3 could generate another signal independent of the well-characterized Ca 2+ mobilization. Alternative roles for IRBIT in modulating channel activity, regulating susceptibility of the receptor to proteolytic degradation, or as a linker or scaffold are also possible. H. Ando, A. Mizutani, T. Matsu-ura, K. Mikoshiba, IRBIT, a novel inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor-binding protein, is released from the IP3 receptor upon IP3 binding to the receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 278 , 10602-10612 (2003). [Abstract] [Full Text]
Isolation and determination of major anthocyanin pigments in the pericarp of P. communis L. cv. ‘Red Du Comices’ and their association with antioxidant activity

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The anthocyanins in the fruit skin of Pyrus communis cv. ‘Red Du Comice’ were isolated, identified and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography/diode array detection (HPLC/DAD) and HPLC/electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI/MS). The individual anthocyanins were identified by comparing their mass spectral data and retention times with those of standards and published data. Cyanidin-3-galactoside was the major compound, taking up to 93% of the total anthocyanin content. The content of Cyanidin-3-galactoside reached 23.7 ± 3.2 mg 100 g-1 fresh weight, followed by the eighth peak (2.14%) and Cyanidin-3-glucoside (1.23%). Pelargonidin-3-rutinoside (pg-3-rutinoside) was identified for the first time in P. communis L. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays showed that the extract from the fruit peel of ‘Red Du Comice’ contained anthocyanins and possessed high antioxidant capacity.

Key words: Pyrus communis, anthocyanin, high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, antioxidant activity.
Power and Personal Experience in Online Anonymous Communities: A Corpus-Driven Exploration

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The paper presents an innovative corpus study on Personal Experience as a pragmatic-discursive resource to express power in anonymous online interactions. Specifically, we explore a corpus-driven methodology to extract lexico grammatical features typical of Personal Experience in representative samples (around 160,000 words) of 3 online fora. The method is rooted in Part of Speech and semantic domain keyness (Rayson in Int J Corpus Linguist 13(4):519–549, 2008), which we combine in Corpus Language Queries to extract statistically relevant patterns in the data. Results show that the 3 datasets share a “core” set of key lexico-grammatical features. Furthermore, our findings align with the scientific literature exploring personal experiences and narratives in many different genres. This strongly supports the idea that our inductive protocol can be reliably used to break down the discursive textual function of Personal Experience into lower-level, scalable features. In other words, we suggest that our method can be used to extract “form” (i.e. lexical, grammatical, and syntactical units) from “function” (i.e. pragmatic and discursive annotations). Findings are discussed in the context of language and power in online interactions and in the context of building automatic feature detectors for the analysis of larger cross-genre corpora.
An innovative partnership to recruit and educate biomedical information professionals.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

There is a growing need for biomedical sciences information professionals who have strong backgrounds in the biomedical sciences. This project pilots an innovative model for recruiting and educating students with these backgrounds. The project includes recruiting students from undergraduate biomedical programs, creating and teaching a basic course in biomedical information management, and awarding ten fellowships for advanced study. The University of North Texas (UNT) and Texas A&M University (TAMU) administer the project.
Acute effect of intravenous magnesium sulfate on airway obstruction of asthmatic patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The bronchodilating effect of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) was studied in ten asthmatic patients with moderate to severe airway obstruction. Two grams of MgSO4 or saline in double-blind crossover design was administered IV for 20 minutes (0.40 mmol/min) and forced expiratory capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were studied at intervals. Only at the end of MgSO4 infusion did FEV1 increase significantly (109% of initial values). The bronchodilating effect was short lasting and far less than that observed after salbutamol.
V.H.F. field-strength measurements over paths in the Irish Sea involving mountain obstacles. Their application to a particular television channel-sharing problem

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A description is given of measurements made to compare the propagation of v.h.f. signals over paths in Cardigan Bay and the Irish Sea, some of which involve transmission over high mountain ridges. Comparisons are made, based on simple knife-edge diffraction theory used together with published propagation data, between the expected and measured field strengths at various distances beyond the Isle of Man mountain ridge. The results of the second series of experiments are applied to confirm that interference between co-channel television stations at Winter Hill, Lancashire and Black Mountain, Belfast should be at an acceptable level.
The aminoquinazoline group as a replacement for the salicylamide group: the design and synthesis of a novel highly selective beta 1 adrenoceptor partial agonist.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The high potency at beta 1 receptors, excellent selectivity (beta 1/beta 2) and high degree of agonism displayed by compounds such as 1 is believed to be due in part to the salicylamide side chain. Two conformations of salicylamide are known to exist in the crystal state (2 and 3), but ab initio calculations suggest that in the absence of crystal packing forces 2 should be more stable. The aminoquinazoline group was judged to be a good replacement for salicylamide in 1, and consequently the oxypropanolamine derivative 4 was prepared. 4 shows extremely high potency at the beta 1 receptor, and excellent beta 1/beta 2 selectivity. It has comparable in vitro activity to 1, although it displays a lower degree of agonism. These results suggest that in this system aminoquinazoline appears to be an excellent mimic of the salicylamide group.