jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
PRIMITIVE INDEPENDENCE RESULTS

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We present some new set and class theoretic independence results from ZFC and NBGC that are particularly simple and close to the primitives of membership and equality (see Secs. 4 and 5). They are shown to be equivalent to familiar small large cardinal hypotheses. We modify these independendent statements in order to give an example of a sentence in set theory with 5 quantifiers which is independent of ZFC (see Sec. 6). It is known that all 3 quantifier sentences are decided in a weak fragment of ZF without power set (see [4]).
The relationship between latitude, migration and the evolution of bird song complexity

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

For the past several decades it has been proposed that birds show latitudinal variation in song complexity. How universal this variation may be and what factors generate it, however, are still largely unknown. Furthermore, while migration is confounded with latitude, migratory behaviour alone may also be associated with variation in song complexity. In this paper we review the literature to assess current ideas on how latitude and migratory behaviour may drive large‐scale geographical patterns of song complexity. At least seven distinct hypotheses have been proposed in 29 studies of the topic. Four of these hypotheses posit that sexual selection pressures co‐vary with latitude and/or migration, resulting in concordant changes in song. Other hypotheses suggest that mechanisms other than sexual selection, such as large‐scale changes in environmental sound transmission properties, may be at play. Sixteen studies found support for increased song complexity with increased latitude and/or migration, whereas 13 did not. Relatively few studies exist on this topic, and methodological differences between them and variable definitions of ‘complexity’ make it difficult to determine whether results are comparable and concordant. At a minimum, it is possible to conclude there is no strong evidence that song complexity increases with latitude and/or migration in all birds. Future work should focus on examining multiple hypotheses at once to further advance our understanding of how latitude, migration and song complexity may or may not be related.
Lecture Notes on Computational Mutation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although it is widely accepted that exercise is beneficial in patients with end-stage renal disease as in the general population, it is not easy to incorporate exercise programs into routine clinical practice. This review aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of exercise during hemodialysis and also to introduce various intradialytic exercise programs and their advantages as a first step in combining exercise programs into clinical practice. Aerobic and resistance exercise are beneficial not only in improving physical functioning, including maximal oxygen uptake and muscle strength, but also in improving anthropometrics, nutritional status, hematological indexes, inflammatory cytokines, depression, and health-related quality of life. However, it is not clear whether the beneficial effects of exercise are limited to only relatively healthy dialysis patients. Therefore, the effects of individualized exercise programs for elderly patients or patients with comorbid conditions need to be studied further.
Effects of Organic Acids on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation Characteristics and Methane Emission

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of organic acids on methane emission and ruminal fermentation characteristics. We expected our methodology to result in a decrease of methanogens attached to the surface of rumen ciliate protozoa by addition of organic acids and in particular a decrease in methane emission. A fistulated Holstein cow of 650 kg body weight was used as a donor of rumen fluid. Organic acids (aspartic acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, and succinic acid) known to be propionate enhancers were added to an in vitro fermentation system and incubated with rumen fluid. The microbial population, including bacteria, protozoa, and fungi, were enumerated, and gas production, including methane and fermentation characteristics, were observed in vitro. Organic acids appeared to affect the rumen protozoan community. The rumen protozoal popuation decreased with the addition of aspartic acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, and malic acid. In particular, the methane emission was reduced by addition of lactic acid. The concentration of propionate with all organic acids that were added appeared to be higher than that of the control at 12 h incubation. Addition of organic acids significantly affected rumen bacteria and microbial growth. The bacteria in added fumaric acid and malic acid was significantly higher (p<0.05) and protozoa was significantly lower (p<0.05) than that of the control. Microbial growth with the addition of organic acids was greater than the control after 48 h incubation.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 232 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "TaxonKey" : [ "is Capsicum coccineum" ] } The dataset includes 232 records from 27 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0003828-251009101135966/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Construction, package and identification of replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus expression vector of HCV C

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

AIM:To construct a replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus expression vector of HCV C. METHODS:The HCV core gene was cloned at the downstream of CMV promoter of the adenoviral shuttle plasmid pAd.CMV-link.1, and the resultant recombinant plasmid pAd. HCV-C was cotransfected into 293 cell together with plasmid pJM17 containing adenoviral genome, then the adenovirus expression vector was obtained, and identified by infecting test,electronic microscope observation and PCR co-amplification. The plasmid pAd.HCV-C was identified by endonuclease, PCR and sequencing.The expressive activity of adenovirus vector was identified by immunofluorescence and Western blot. RESULTS:HCV core gene in the inserted DNA of pAd.HCV-C was confirmed by endonuclease, PCR and sequencing. Results of infecting test, electronic microscopic observation and PCR co-amplification showed that the adenovirus vector had been constructed successfully. Expression of HCV core antigen was proved in the HepG2 cells by immunofluorescence and Western blot.
A Method to Evaluate an Urban Area by Using the Model That Calculates a Number of Facilities from an Area and a Population

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper presents 1) a new mathematical model improved from a conventional model that calculates a number of facility from an area and a population in a town and, 2) by using this model, a method to evaluate the enrichment (in other words, convenience or enough) of facilities in the town where many high-rise apartments have been built (the area is hereinafter referred to as the high-rise apartment town). The conventional model uses only a nighttime population, but this paper considers a daytime population in addition to the nighttime population. Also, there has not been the method to evaluate the enrichment of facilities in a town, but we can evaluate it using this model. We apply this method to 23 special wards in Tokyo and the highrise apartment towns, the results prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Differential genetic influences on competitive effect and response in Arabidopsis thaliana

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary Competition plays an important role in structuring populations and communities, but our understanding of the genetic basis of competitive ability is poor. This is further complicated by the fact that plants can express both competitive effect (target plant influence upon neighbour growth) and competitive response (target plant growth as a function of a neighbour) abilities, with these ecological characteristics potentially being independent. Using the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana , we investigated patterns of intraspecific variation in competitive effect and response abilities and their relationships to other plant traits and resource supply rates. Both competitive effect and response were measured for 11 genotypes, including the Columbia ecotype and 10 derived mutant genotypes. Plants were grown alone, with intragenotypic competition, and with intergenotypic competition in a replicated blocked design with high nutrient and low nutrient soil nutrient treatments. We quantified competitive effect and response on absolute and per‐gram bases. Competitive effect and response varied among genotypes, with the relative competitive abilities of genotypes consistent across fertilization treatments. Overall, high rates of fertilization increased competitive effect and competitive response abilities of all genotypes. Both competitive effect and response were correlated with neighbour biomass, though genotype‐specific traits also influenced competitive response. At the genotype level, there was no correlation between competitive effect and response in either fertilization treatment. Overall patterns in competitive response appeared consistent among inter‐ and intragenotypic competition treatments, indicating that a target genotype's response to competition was not driven by the genetic identity of the competitor. These findings indicate that within A. thaliana , there is the potential for differential selection on competitive effect and response abilities, and that such selection may influence different sets of plant traits. The concept of a single competitive ability for a given plant is not supported by these data, and we suggest continued recognition of these dual competitive abilities is essential to understanding the potential role of competition in influencing intra‐ and interspecific processes.
Overexpression of tumor suppressor miR-198 in hepatoma cells leads to its spontaneous and active export via vesicles

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

As a potent tumor suppressor, miR-198 expression is downregulated in various cancer types including liver cancer. Previous reports have shown that circulating miR-198 was detected in serum samples from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. In the present study, we focused on molecular mechanisms of miR-198"s decrease in hepatoma cells.
Formant filters-based multi-band speech enhancement algorithm for intelligibility improvement

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Speech enhancement algorithms in the past concentrated on improving the speech quality, however they need not necessarily improve intelligibility of the enhanced speech. The current work focuses on improving the quality as well as intelligibility of the well-known multi-band spectral subtraction algorithm. In this regard, to improve speech quality, a temporal-domain filtering-based approach is proposed to obtain sub-bands (ERB-based). To improve intelligibility, it is necessary to identify the type of distortion (attenuation or amplification distortion) that affects the intelligibility of enhanced speech. Therefore, an analysis is performed on the enhanced speech at the phoneme level using segmental-SNR and it is observed that in high SNR regions of the noisy speech (specifically in vowels, liquids, nasals), intelligibility is reduced due to amplification distortion. This may be due to the high spectral resolution of the temporal-domain ERB-based filters. Hence, to improve intelligibility, a set of formant specific filters are proposed based on the formant analysis carried out over vowels, liquids and nasals. The performance of the proposed multi-band spectral subtraction algorithm is evaluated for its quality and intelligibility, using subjective (MOS) and objective (PESQ and CSII) measures, for the speech affected by white, car and babble noise at -5 to 15 dB SNR levels. It is observed that the proposed method improves speech quality and intelligibility by around 0.1-0.5 in terms of PESQ and 2-10% in terms of CSII over conventional multi-band spectral subtraction method.
Asymptotic sets in networks of coupled quadratic nodes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We study asymptotic behaviour in networks of |$n$| nodes with discrete quadratic dynamics. While single map complex quadratic iterations have been studied over the past century, considering ensembles of such functions, organized as coupled nodes in an oriented network, generates new questions with potentially interesting applications to the life sciences. We discuss extensions of traditional results from single map iterations, such as the existence of an escape radius; we then investigate whether crucial information about the network is encoded in the behaviour of the critical orbit. We use two previously defined objects: the network Mandelbrot set (i.e., the set of quadratic parameters in |$\mathbb{C}^n$| for which the network is post-critically bounded in |$\mathbb{C}^n$|⁠) and the equi-M set (the diagonal slice of the network Mandelbrot set, corresponding to all nodes using the identical quadratic map). Using a combination of analytical techniques and numerical simulations, we study topological properties of the equi-M set, with the aim of understanding which of these properties are affected by altering different aspects of the network architecture and node-to-node connectivity strengths. We find that, while equi-M sets no longer have a hyperbolic bulb structure, some of their geometric landmarks (e.g., the cusp) are preserved for any network configuration, and other properties (such as connectedness) depend on the network structure. We further study the relationship between the Mandelbrot set and the connectedness locus of the network uni-Julia set (defined as the set of |$z_0 \in \mathbb{C}$| for which all nodes remain bounded when they are all initialed identically at |$z_0$|⁠). We discuss using the geometry of uni-Julia or equi-M sets to classify asymptotic behaviour in networks based on their underlying graph structure. Finally, we propose using a form of averaging uni-Julia and equi-M sets to describe statistically the likelihood of a specific asymptotic behaviour, considered over an entire collection of configurations. We discuss which analytical results can be further supported or refined in the future. We also revisit the ties with applications to the life sciences. We explore how this theoretical study may inform on using similar methods to understand natural systems with more complex architecture and node-wise dynamics.
Study of out-of-roundness (OOR) of holes in ceramics by USD process using Taguchi's methodology

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a study of the effect of process parameters on Out-Of-Roundness (OOR)-form accuracy obtained through Ultrasonic Drilling (USD) of holes in alumina-based ceramics using Silicon Carbide (SiC) abrasive. The parameters considered are workpiece material, tool material, grit size of the abrasive, power rating and slurry concentration. Taguchi's optimisation approach is used to obtain the optimal parameters for minimum OOR. The result shows that the OOR increases with the increase of grit size. The effect of concentration on OOR is insignificant. The results obtained are validated by conducting the confirmation experiments.
Isolation Characterization and Fermented Research of High Producing Saccharamyces Cerevisae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In order to improve to alcoholic production,this paper researched on 122 strains of yeast isolated from orchard and vegetable plot through morphology and molecular biology, screening 17 strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae through NCBI-blast, selected four yeasts to ferment,amongof them T13 used sorghum as raw material production capacity of 12.48% (v/v).
Learning From the Past? EU Industrial Policy Challenges

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT The European Union's current pursuit of strategic autonomy and technological sovereignty through industrial policy initiatives occurs amid intensifying US‐China competition, prompting new policy instruments and rhetoric that many scholars interpret as fundamental transformation in EU economic governance. However, historical analysis reveals striking parallels with the 1970s–1980s, when Europe confronted US technological dominance and Japanese competition. Drawing on historical institutionalist theory, extensive archival research, and seven interviews with key policymakers from the European Commission, this paper demonstrates how four interconnected structural constraints have maintained the EU's decentralized industrial policy governance across both periods. These constraints create what we term the “Competence Paradox”: external competitive pressures simultaneously create functional demands for centralized coordination while activating national sovereignty protection mechanisms that prevent such centralization. This analysis challenges interpretations of strategic autonomy as institutional transformation, revealing instead how external pressures generate innovation through institutional layering rather than governance transformation.
The effect of outing Team Building training on soft skills among MBA students

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This research aims to evaluate the effect of Outing Team-Building Training (OTBT) on developing soft skills (teamwork, communication, leadership, and ethics) among MBA students (N = 104) in the School of Business and Management (SBM) at the Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB). The OTBT comprises seven training activities. After three months, the OTBT was followed up by group counseling led by mentors involved in the training. We evaluated the effect of OTBT by measuring the first three levels of Kirkpatrick's model (reaction, knowledge, and behavior). The results indicate that the three aspects of reaction level (i.e., engagement, involvement, and contribution) in the training program were mostly good. More than half of the participants (65%) understood the training material, which reflected knowledge level of training evaluation. The soft skills behaviors that significantly changed through the training were communication and leadership (p < .05). The qualitative data, which was gathered through discussions, indicated that the participants became more aware of and responsible for assimilating MBA-ITB values and ethics. Overall, the OTBT is a useful program for developing soft skills among MBA students. To further enhance the impact of OTBT, outing activities should be aligned with or preferably tailored to the needs of the participants.
On the Implications of Mobile Learning Theory to Oral English Teaching

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

With the development of domestic education informatization, under the general application of information technology and network technology, English teaching mode and methods have changed significantly. At present, with the popularity of mobile phones, iPads and other mobile terminals, the conditions for "mobile learning", an educational form based on communication and information technology, are becoming more mature. Various English learning apps are pouring out, providing conditions for breaking the unilateral input teaching in traditional oral English and realizing the flexibility and interactivity required in oral English teaching.
Completing a Yellow Card report following an adverse reaction to a medicine

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aesthetic nurses are more than aware that medicines have the potential for unwanted effects. Whereas some adverse effects are predictable and dose-related, others are less predictable and may bear little relationship to the dose in question. Any suspected adverse reactions to a therapeutic agent, including complementary and herbal products, should be reported as an incident and the online or paper Yellow Card sets out the information required. In this article, the author summarises the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency's guidelines on completing a Yellow Card report.
Age-Related Morphological Changes in Kidneys of SPF C57BL/6Cr Mice Maintained Under Controlled Conditions

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Age-related morphological changes were examined in the kidneys of inbred C57BL/6Cr mice maintained in a controlled environment. The specific pathogen free status of animals used in the present study was confirmed by microbiological monitoring. Kidneys were histologically and histometrically investigated at 3, 5, 12, 15, 24 and 27-months-old. Kidney weights did not change with age. Renal corpuscles increased in number at 24- and 27-months-old, but diameter remained constant. The percentage of renal corpuscles with a cuboidal glomerular capsule decreased at 24- and 27-months-old. Score indicating glomerular damage increased from 5- to 27-months-old. Changes to the proximal convoluted tubules were severe. Vacuolar degeneration was observed from 12-months-old. Tubular atrophy was observed at 24- and 27-months-old, with number of nuclei per unit area increasing at the same ages. Amyloidosis and scar lesions were observed at 27-months-old. Focal cell infiltration around vessels was found at 24- and 27-months-old. Electron microscopy at 27-months-old revealed expansion of the mesangial matrices and fusion of foot processes in the glomeruli. Enlarged lysosomes with lipid content were observed in the proximal convoluted tubules.
Expression dynamics of the serotonergic system components in granulosa cells of the developing ovarian follicle and after luteinization

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Regulation of the growth and development of female sex cells is one of the conservative functions of serotonin, but their specific mechanisms remain undisclosed yet. Molecular-genetic study of the presence of all components of the serotonergic system and dynamics of their expression in granulosa cells at different stages of folliculogenesis and in corpus luteum was carried out by reverse transcription with PCR and real-time PCR. Transcripts of enzymes tryptophan hydroxylase Tph1, aromatic amino acids decarboxylase Ddc and monoamine oxidase Maoa, membrane serotonin transporter Sert and vesicular monoamine transporter Vmat2, as well as serotonin receptors Htrlb, Htrld, Htr2a, Htr2b, Htr5b and Htr7 are detected in probes investigated. A quantitative study revealed that the expression of Vmat2, Htrlb, and Htr7 genes is greater in the early stages of folliculogenesis, whereas the expression of the Vmatl gene grows by the late stages of follicular development. The relative quantity of the mRNA of the Ddc, Maoa, Vmatl and Htrlb genes increases during luteinization, while the expression of the Vmat2 and Htr7 genes, on the contrary, decreases. The presence of expression of key components of the serotonergic system and its dynamics allow as to suggest that they are involved in serotonergic regulation of folliculogenesis, as well as luteinization.