jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Growth of Mycoplasma synoviae in a medium supplemented with nicotinamide instead of B-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The cultivation of Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) on growth medium requires supplementation with B-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), an expensive and relatively unstable compound. Strains of MS were adapted (selected) to grow in a medium supplemented instead with nicotinamide, a stable and inexpensive substance that can be heat-sterilized in the medium without impairing its growth-promoting properties. MS plate agglutinating antigens grown in nicotinamide-enriched media were comparable in yield and serological reaction to antigens grown with NAD supplementation.
Comparative Large-Scale Analysis of Interactions between Several Crop Species and the Effector Repertoires from Multiple Pathovars of Pseudomonas and Ralstonia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Bacterial plant pathogens manipulate their hosts by injection of numerous effector proteins into host cells via type III secretion systems. Recognition of these effectors by the host plant leads to the induction of a defense reaction that often culminates in a hypersensitive response manifested as cell death. Genes encoding effector proteins can be exchanged between different strains of bacteria via horizontal transfer, and often individual strains are capable of infecting multiple hosts. Host plant species express diverse repertoires of resistance proteins that mediate direct or indirect recognition of bacterial effectors. As a result, plants and their bacterial pathogens should be considered as two extensive coevolving groups rather than as individual host species coevolving with single pathovars. To dissect the complexity of this coevolution, we cloned 171 effector-encoding genes from several pathovars of Pseudomonas and Ralstonia. We used Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient assays to test the ability of each effector to induce a necrotic phenotype on 59 plant genotypes belonging to four plant families, including numerous diverse accessions of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Known defense-inducing effectors (avirulence factors) and their homologs commonly induced extensive necrosis in many different plant species. Nonhost species reacted to multiple effector proteins from an individual pathovar more frequently and more intensely than host species. Both homologous and sequence-unrelated effectors could elicit necrosis in a similar spectrum of plants, suggesting common effector targets or targeting of the same pathways in the plant cell.
Chondrosarcoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chondrosarcoma has a benign onset. It may occur at any age but is seen predominantly in the fourth and fifth decades of life. Radical surgical removal is advisable. The tumor is radioresistant, and radiation often does not relieve the symptoms. Local recurrences are frequent. The tumor usually metastasizes via vascular channels to the chest rather than to other organs or lymphatics. Five of the 34 patients were known to have had previous skeletal abnormalities at the site of the tumor.
CdSe and CdSe/CdS Nanorod Solids

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We demonstrate the self-organization of CdSe nanorods into nematic, smectic, and crystalline solids. Layered colloidal crystals of CdSe nanorods grow by slow destabilization of a nanocrystal solution upon allowing the diffusion of a nonsolvent into the colloidal solution of nanocrystals. The colloidal crystals of nanorods show characteristic birefringence, which we assign to specific spherulite-like texture of each nanorod assembly. To demonstrate the general character of nanorod self-assembly technique, CdSe/CdS heterostructure nanorods were organized into highly luminescent superlattices.
Strategia marketingowa i marketing-mix firmy Vestus

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Współczesny rynek odzieżowy jest maksymalnie zapełniony produktami zarówno znanych marek jak i tych mniej wyróżniających się. Wysoka konkurencja i rosnące wymagania sprawiają, że firmy muszą dbać o swój wizerunek oraz walczyć o klientów. Właściwa strategia marketingowa oraz odpowiednie operowanie instrumentami marketingu mix -produktem, ceną, dystrybucją oraz promocją pomagają przedsiębiorstwu w utrzymaniu się na rynku. Praca przedstawia kompleksową analizę strategii marketingowej firmy Vestus oraz przybliżenie problematyki związanej z wykorzystaniem instrumentów-mix w działalności firmy. Składa się z trzech rozdziałów. W pierwszym rozdziale omówione zostały teoretyczne zagadnienia dotyczące marketingu. Przedstawiono w nim definicję, istotę oraz genezę marketingu, zwrócono także uwagę na aspekt zarządzania marketingiem oraz opisano definicję narzędzi marketingowych. Drugi rozdział został poświęcony charakterystyce strategii marketingowej, opisano istotę, rodzaje oraz jej kształtowanie. Na zakończenie rozdziału zostały omówione instrumenty strategiczne. Trzeci rozdział prezentuje historię oraz działalność firmy Vestus. Opisuje jej założenia, a także zwraca uwagę na słabe i mocne strony przedsiębiorstwa. Opisano i dokonano charakterystyki sposobu w jaki firma Vestus wykorzystuję instrumenty marketingu- mix oraz jakie podejmuję działania, aby przebić się na rynku pełnym konkurentów.
Phragmataecia Newman 1850

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Genus Phragmataecia Newman, 1850 Newman, 1850, The Zool. 8: 2931. Type species: Noctua arundinis Hübner, [1808]. Synonymy: = Macrogaster Duponchel, 1844 –1846, Cat. Méth. Lépid. Eur.: 81. Type species: Noctua arundinis Hübner [1802 –1808]. = Rhizona Herrich-Schäffer, 1854, Samml. Aussereur. Schmett.: 58 Type species: Rhizona pallens Herrich-Schäffer, 1854. =? Phragmatoecioides Strand, 1914, Arch. Naturgesch. A 9: 103. Type species: Phragmatoecioides pectinocornis Strand, 1914. =? Synatophleps Hering, 1923, Dtsch. Entomol. Z. Iris 37 (1/2): 15. Type species: Synatophleps pelostema Hering, 1923.
DOWN AND OUT

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Performer: Walter Davis Writer: W. Davis Blues singer with piano. Digitized at 78 revolutions per minute. Four stylii were used to transfer this record. They are 3.8mil truncated conical, 2.3mil truncated conical, 2.8mil truncated conical, 3.3mil truncated conical. These were recorded flat and then also equalized with Turnover: 250.0, Rolloff: -8.0. The preferred versions suggested by an audio engineer at George Blood, L.P. have been copied to have the more friendly filenames. Matrix number: B-8367A Catalog number: B-8367-A
Quest for the Stages of Life and Professional Careers of CzechSchool Headteachers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the last almost two decades, the Czech educational system
underwent dramatic changes largely affecting the expectations
related to schools and their leading representatives. As a
major consequence, schools are now expected to be able to
absorb the metamorphoses of the external circumstances and
rather autonomously decide about their own profilation and
prospects. A dominant role in the new adjustment was assigned
to headteachers (Pařizek, 1992; Walterova et al, 2004; etc).
The expectations related to them are still being increased by
the amplified demands for the quality of the provided
education. The current knowledge indicates that the manner in
which every headteacher performs his/her role - thus what the
headteacher is doing in the school when confronted with said
expectations - is a manifestation of his/her previous
experience and the objectives to achieve in life and
professional career (Pol, Hlouskova, Novotný, Zounek, 2005;
Pol, Novotný, 2005). The target of our research is to
contribute to the knowledge of the theory and practice of the
headteachers' work in the context of their life and
professional careers. Life and professional career is
understood as an imaginary line created by an individual along
his/her aims in life. It is influenced by the environment and
related to the competencies, interests and opportunities of
each individual (Hierbert, Borgen, 2002; Gysbers, Heppner,
Johnston, 1998). This contribution will present answers to a
major question of our research: What shapes the life and
professional career of a headteacher of a Czech school? We will
mainly be interested in who becomes school headteacher, in
which stages of their lives headteachers adopt their position,
which particular stages in the execution of their job are
typical, which critical incidents are related to the position
of the headteacher, and so forth.
Effects of Biochar Applied in Either Rice or Wheat Seasons on the Production and Quality of Wheat and Nutrient Status in Paddy Profiles

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In a rice–wheat rotation system, biochar (BC) applied in different crop seasons undergoes contrast property changes in the soil. However, it is unclear how aged BC affects the production and quality of wheat and the nutrent status in a soil profile. In the present soil column experiment, the effects of no nitrogen (N) fertilizer and BC addition (control), N fertilizer (N420) and BC (5 t ha−1) applied at rice [N420 + BC(R)], or wheat [N420 + BC(W)] seasons at a same rate of N fertilizer (420 kg ha−1 yr−1) on yield and quality of wheat as well as the nutrient contents of soil profiles (0–5, 5–10, 10–20, 20–30, 30–40, and 40–50 cm) were observed. The results showed that N420 + BC(W) significantly reduced NH4+-N content in 5–10 and 10–20 cm soils by 62.1% and 36.2%, respectively, compared with N420. In addition, N420 + BC(W) significantly reduced NO3−-N contents by 17.8% and 40.4% in 0–5 and 20–30 cm profiles, respectively, but N420 + BC(R) slightly increased them. The BC applied in wheat season significantly increased the 0–5 and 40–50 cm soil total N contents (24.0% and 48.1%), and enhanced the 30–40 and 40–50 cm soil-available phosphorus contents (48.2 and 35.75%) as well as improved the 10–20 and 20–30 cm soil-available potassium content (38.1% and 57.5%). Overall, our results suggest that N420 + BC(W) had stronger improving effects on soil fertility than N420 + BC(R). Compared to N420, there was a significant 5.9% increase in wheat grain yield, but no change in total amino acids in wheat kernels in N420 + BC(W). Considering the responses of soil profile nutrient contents as well as wheat yield and quality to BC application in different crop seasons, it is more appropriate to apply BC in wheat season. Our results could provide a scientific basis for the ideal time to amend BC into the rice–wheat rotation system, in order to achieve more benefits of BC on crop production and soil fertility.
Enantioselective and Nonlinear Intestinal Absorption of Eflornithine in the Rat

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate if the absorption of the human African trypanosomiasis agent eflornithine was stereospecific and dose dependent after oral administration. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered single doses of racemic eflornithine hydrochloride as an oral solution (750, 1,500, 2,000, or 3,000 mg/kg of body weight) or intravenously (375 or 1,000 mg/kg of body weight). Sparse blood samples were obtained for determination of eflornithine enantiomers by liquid chromatography with evaporative light-scattering detection (lower limit of quantification [LLOQ], 83 μM for 300 μl plasma). The full plasma concentration-time profile of racemic eflornithine following frequent sampling was determined for another group of rats, using a high-performance liquid chromatography-UV method (LLOQ, 5 μM for 50 μl plasma). Pharmacokinetic data were analyzed in NONMEM for the combined racemic and enantiomeric concentrations. Upon intravenous administration, the plasma concentration-time profile of eflornithine was biphasic, with marginal differences in enantiomer kinetics (mean clearances of 14.5 and 12.6 ml/min/kg for l - and d -eflornithine, respectively). The complex absorption kinetics were modeled with a number of transit compartments to account for delayed absorption, transferring the drug into an absorption compartment from which the rate of influx was saturable. The mean bioavailabilities for l - and d -eflornithine were 41% and 62%, respectively, in the dose range of 750 to 2,000 mg/kg of body weight, with suggested increases to 47% and 83%, respectively, after a dose of 3,000 mg/kg of body weight. Eflornithine exhibited enantioselective absorption, with the more potent l -isomer being less favored, a finding which may help to explain why clinical attempts to develop an oral treatment have hitherto failed. The mechanistic explanation for the stereoselective absorption remains unclear.
Designing an Economical Water Harvesting System Using a Tank with Numerical Simulation Model WASH_2D

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Newly incorporated module into the WASH_2D model has enabled simulating a rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) using a tank. The incorporated module in WASH_2D was tested for two field experiments to determine the optimal tank capacity and cultivated area that give the highest net income for farmers. The first experiment was composed of treatments A, B, and C having the same cultivated and harvested areas (plastic sheets) of 24 m2 and 12.5 m2, respectively. The capacity of the tanks for treatments A, B, and C was set at 500, 300, and 200 L, corresponding to storability of 21, 13, and 8 mm, respectively, while in the second experiment we carried out three treatments: F, G, and H having the same tank capacity of 300 L and harvested area of 12.5 m2 with variable cultivated areas as G and H were larger by two and three times than F (10.5 m2), respectively. Water was applied automatically through a drip irrigation system by monitoring soil water suction. Results of the first experiment showed that the optimal storability and seasonal net income simulated by WASH_2D were 17 mm and 5.82 USD yr−1, which were fairly close to 18 mm and 5.75 USD yr−1 observed from field data, respectively. Similarly, the results of the second experiment revealed that simulated net incomes for different cultivated areas agreed well with the observed data. We concluded that the use of the simulation model WASH_2D can be economically useful to promote small-scale irrigation in semi-arid regions and guide planning irrigation or rainwater harvesting investments.
Double-Edged Sword Effect of Flexible Work Arrangements on Employee Innovation Performance: From the Demands–Resources–Individual Effects Perspective

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study explores the double-edged sword effect of FWAs on employee innovation performance based on the Demand–Resource–Individual Effect (DRIVE) model. A total of 411 valid questionnaires from knowledge-based employees were collected in three stages through a survey of technology-based companies in China. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 22 software, and multi-level linear model analysis was conducted to test the double mediating effect of psychological empowerment and role ambiguity and the moderating effect of role breadth self-efficacy. This study found that, in terms of the job demand path, flexible work arrangements (FWAs) increased employees’ role ambiguity, which in turn decreased their innovation performance; in terms of the job resource path, FWAs increased employees’ psychological empowerment, which in turn increased their innovation performance. From the perspective of individual differences, under the flexible work system, employees with high role breadth self-efficacy can enhance their psychological empowerment and reduce role ambiguity, thus promoting their innovation performance. This study is the first to analyze the “double-edged sword” effect of FWAs on employee innovation performance based on the DRIVE model, which effectively extends the moderating variable of role breadth self-efficacy in the model and helps to understand the impact of different types of FWAs on employee innovation performance. In addition, this study provides a reference for technology-based companies to strengthen their digital capabilities and regulation of FWAs, which is conducive to achieving sustainable business development.
The bending performance of single mode fibers with the similar mode field diameter and cutoff wavelength

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Measurements of bending induced losses in matched‐cladding and depressed‐cladding single‐mode fibers with similar 1300‐nm mode field diameters and cutoff wavelengths are reported. It is found that the depressed‐cladding fiber demonstrates better microbending and macrobending performances than the matched‐cladding fiber.
A Catalogue of the Ferns indigenous to Ceylon, according to the nomenclature of the "Synopsis Filicum" of Hooker and Baker

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

43 Aspidium 44 Nephrodium 45 Nephrolepis 46 Oleandra 47 Fadyenia 48 Polj^podium 49 Jamesonia 50 Notliocliloena 51 Monogramme 52 Gymnogramme 53 Brainea 54 Meniscium 55 Antrophyum 56 Vittaria 57 Tsenitis 58 Deymoglossum 52 Hemionitis 60 Acrostichum 61 Platy cerium 62 Osmunda 63 Todea 64 Scliiztea 65 Anemia 66 Mohria 67 Trocmpteris 68 Lygodium 69 Angiopteris 70 Marattia 71 Dancea 72 Kaidfussia 73 Opliioglossum 74 Helmintkostackys 75 Botryckium Those in Italics are not represented in Ceylon.
LÓGICA FUZZY E DISPOSITIVOS LÓGICOS PROGRAMAVÉIS APLICADOS NO CONTROLE DE ROBÔS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

DOI: 10.14684/intertech.13.2014.285-289 This work is applied to the issue of robot navigation, with the proposal to provide a solution among several found in the literature to control the movements of a prototype of a mobile robot using the concept of fuzzy logic and hardware description language, Verilog. The control algorithm is implemented on a development board, DE2, ALTERA, containing programmable logic devices, which allow its reconfiguration using the software development from the same manufacturer, the Quartus II. Overcome this problem of locomotion is an important task for the automation of various activities, such as loading and unloading, mobility aid, among others. The project aims to provide a solution for automated locomotion of a robot in an unknown environment in which its avoids obstacles using a fuzzy logic controller and three distance sensors order to control two DC motors using PWM pulses. Index Terms - Controlador inteligente, Dipositivos logicos programaveis, logica fuzzy, robos moveis.
Factors Affecting Intention of Usage of Artificial Intelligence Powered mHealth (AIM)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The healthcare landscape has been reshaped recently, thanks to the advent of artificial intelligence (AI). This research endeavours to gain a deeper understanding of the Delhi-NCR residents to utilize their mobile devices for health care management. The study helps in understanding the behavioural intentions of the residents towards using mobile devices for health checks, searching for field-specific information, and medication procurement The data gathered from three well-known health applications—1MG, Practo, and Apollo 24/7—with 345 participants subjected to structural equation modelling analysis. The findings underscore the TAM's effectiveness in explaining the public's acceptance of AIM. The presence of behavioural control, subjective norms, and a positive attitude significantly increased the likelihood of AIM adoption. These results carry significant implications for healthcare practitioners and policymakers, providing valuable insights into strategies for enhancing consumers' adoption of mobile learning, thereby improving healthcare delivery.
Sulfonated Lignin Binder Blocks Active Iodine Dissolution and Polyiodide Shuttle Toward Durable Zinc‐Iodine Batteries

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The issues of active iodine dissolution and polyiodide shuttle severely hinder the development of zinc‐iodine batteries (ZIBs). Binder engineering is considered a valid strategy to kill two birds with one stone. Herein, sodium lignosulfonate (LS), an important derivative of lignin, is optimized as a neotype binder for the fabrication of an iodine‐loading cathode. Owing to the existence of the ‐SO 3 Na group, the electrostatic potential of LS molecule contains both negative and positive regions, which prefer to block the polyiodide shuttle behavior through the electrostatic repulsion effect, and adsorb the polyiodides through the electrostatic attraction effect, respectively. Meanwhile, LS molecule holds more negative Gibbs free energies for the consecutive radical reaction, and much stronger adsorption energies for iodine species, manifesting fast iodine conversion reaction kinetics, and effective inhibition for iodine dissolution behavior. As expected, the ZIBs based on LS binder delivers a high capacity of 153.6 mAh g −1 after 400 cycles at 0.1 A g −1 , reversible capacity of 152.8 mAh g −1 after 500 cycles at 0.5 A g −1 (50 °C), and durable cycling stability for 12000 cycles at 5 A g −1 , implying excellent iodine fixation ability of LS binder. This work guides the design of a special binder for iodine‐based electrodes and facilitates the practical application of ZIBs.
High frequency ultrasound imaging and ultrasound elastography in osteoarthritis assessment – current status and future perspectives

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, debilitating disease primarily affecting articular cartilage, leading to pain, stiffness, and structural joint alterations. In the early stages of OA, changes in cartilage mechanical properties have been observed. Therefore, early and accurate detection of cartilage degeneration is crucial for facilitating OA diagnoses and guiding effective treatment strategies, ultimately improving patient outcomes. Ultrasound (US), including high-frequency B-mode imaging, elastography, and Doppler has emerged as a promising non-invasive imaging technique for assessing OA-related changes in cartilage morphology, mechanical properties, and acoustic characteristics. Given the viscoelastic and complex nature of cartilage, various US elastography techniques have been explored to accurately characterize its mechanical properties. The quasi-static technique, which relies on strain information following compression, faces challenges due to cartilage's viscous nature and boundary conditions. Dynamic elastography has been extensively studied for estimating soft tissue stiffness by calculating displacement and shear wave speed. Recent advancements in this technique have improved its utility as a potential tool for assessing cartilage mechanical properties and aiding in the early detection of OA. However, ongoing developments are required, including enhanced high-resolution imaging and advanced signal processing, to overcome existing limitations. This review paper aims to (1) discuss the role of US in cartilage morphology, mechanical properties, and blood flow for OA diagnoses, (2) review the principles of US elastography techniques, focusing on dynamic method and their role in quantifying cartilage mechanical properties, aiding early diagnosis of OA, (3) analyze pre-clinical and clinical studies that have utilized US B-mode image and elastography to characterize OA disease as well as explore various experimental methods for assessing different grades of OA, and (4) discuss the technical and nontechnical challenges associated with characterizing cartilage stiffness. This review paves the way for future technological advancements in OA diagnosis and treatment by consolidating the current knowledge of US techniques in OA-related musculoskeletal disease. Graphical Abstract