jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Religion and the State in Singapore

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Religion and the State in Singapore Get access Joseph B. Tamney Joseph B. Tamney Professor of Sociology Ball State University in Muncie, Indiana Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Church and State, Volume 30, Issue 1, Winter 1988, Pages 109–128, https://doi.org/10.1093/jcs/30.1.109 Published: 01 January 1988
Improvements to methods for the quality estimation and refinement of protein quaternary structure models

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Computational protein modelling has increased in public profile following the success of AlphaFold2 at CASP14 in 2020. This led many to proclaim the protein folding problem essentially solved, meaning in silico methods could now fill the sequence-structure gap which had grown since the advent of next generation sequencing techniques. However, proteins which prove problematic to experimental methods like X-ray crystallography and NMR are often multimeric in nature, like trans-membrane proteins or receptor binding interactions and, as the 2020 success was limited to tertiary structures, significant obstacles in quaternary structure elucidation remained. Contemporaneous analysis of assembly modelling showed that atomic contact prediction was a particular weakness and, as model refinement focusses on correcting small errors in atomic positioning, we proposed that a novel refinement method could be realised if full model coordinate files could be successfully submitted and recycled through the AF2 neural network. We present data in this thesis demonstrating that this is possible and that it significantly improved the quality of models including the official AF2 competition models from CASP14. Model quality assessment programs for quaternary structures had been largely absent with modellers relying on various proprietary accuracy estimates and docking scores. ModFOLDdock was conceived to independently evaluate multimeric model quality from any modelling software. Here we show how ModFOLDdock was improved by neural network training using three conceptual target scores and regression analysis leading to a significant increase in predictive performance. Further optimisation of our three unique combinations of distance-based quality measures resulted in the definition of three ModFOLDdock variants, all of which were subsequently highly placed in the CASP15 EMA competition, ranking 2nd for global score, 1st for interface score and 2nd for interface residue score. Evidence is also presented showing that ModFOLDdock outperforms the AlphaFold2 quality measures plDDT and pTM at quality-ranking quaternary structure models.
DIPG-27. OPTIMIZING CLINICAL TRIAL DESIGN: PHARMACOKINETICS OF MARIZOMIB AND PANOBINOSTAT IN A NON-HUMAN PRIMATE MODEL

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Pre-clinical determination of disease-specific activity, effective dosing, safety, pharmacokinetics, and CNS delivery can optimize clinical trial designs. The proteasome inhibitor, marizomib, together with the HDAC inhibitor, panobinostat, is active and synergistic in pre-clinical DIPG studies, with target concentrations of 20 and 100 nM, respectively. The adult maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for marizomib is 0.8 mg/m(2). We evaluated the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics in a non-human primate model, predictive of pediatric patients. METHODS: Marizomib was administered (10-minute intravenous infusion) at three dose levels: 0.02 (n=4), 0.04 (n=5), and 0.06 mg/kg (n=1), equivalent to human doses (HED) of 0.4, 0.8, and 1.1 mg/m(2), respectively. Marizomib (dose 0.04 mg/kg) was subsequently administered (n=4) 1-hr post-panobinostat (dose 1 mg/kg, HED 20 mg/m(2), p.o.). Drug concentrations were determined by LC-MS/MS using validated assays and PK parameters calculated via noncompartmental methods. RESULTS: Marizomib +/- panobinostat was tolerable with the exception of one animal (single agent marizomib, dose 0.06 mg/kg, HED= 1.2 mg/m(2)) that expired 12–20 hr post administration; no clear etiology was found at necropsy. Remaining adverse events were Gr 1, 2 with the exception of lymphocytopenia, Gr 3 (n=2). Marizomib demonstrated rapid plasma clearance (1.22–10.25 L/min), short plasma half-life (4.45–8.24 min), non-linear increase in AUC(inf), and no significant difference across dose levels. Conversely, in CSF, there was a trend toward increasing exposure with increasing dose. T(1/2) was longer in CSF than blood (18–25 min vs. 4–7 min, respectively). Comparing marizomib PK before and after panobinostat, t(1/2) and clearance were similar (mean 7.80 vs. 9.49 min, and 6.04 vs. 4.24 L/min, respectively); CSF AUC(inf) increased, 65.69 vs. 121.68 min*nM, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Marizomib penetrates into the CNS and CSF exposure was higher after panobinostat. This combination warrants clinical evaluation in DIPG; correlation of results with preclinical findings is planned.
The Body mass index-glucose Index as a New Tool for Early Detection of the Risk of Dysglycemia in Patients with Hypertension and Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Purpose: Currently, there is a lack of early biomarkers to identify the risk of dysglycemia in patients with concurrent hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The aim of our study is to evaluate the efficacy of the recently proposed Body Mass Index (BMI)-Glucose (ByG) index in identifying the risk of dysglycemia in patients with hypertension and OSA. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 1579 adults with hypertension and OSA from the Urumqi Research on Sleep Apnea and Hypertension study (UROSAH) was conducted. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the associations between the ByG index and new-onset dysglycemia, diabetes, and prediabetes. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to compare the efficacy of the ByG index with traditional insulin resistance indicators. Results: During a median follow-up of 7.25 years, 212 cases of dysglycemia (157 diabetes, 55 prediabetes) were identified. Participants in the highest ByG tertile had a significantly increased risk of dysglycemia (HR 3.07; 95% CI: 2.03–4.67), diabetes (HR 3.34; 95% CI: 2.01–5.57), and prediabetes (HR 2.60; 95% CI: 1.24–5.43) compared to the lowest tertile, after full adjustment. Time-dependent ROC showed the ByG index was more discriminative in predicting dysglycemia (including diabetes and prediabetes) events at 3, 5 and 7 years compared to BMI, TyG and TyG-BMI indices. Conclusion: The ByG index demonstrates a significant association with the risk of new-onset dysglycemia, encompassing both diabetes and prediabetes, in patients with hypertension and OSA. This straightforward tool can facilitate the early identification of high-risk individuals and provide individualized dysglycemia prevention. Trial registration: Not applicable.
Hepatoprotective effect of Ecballium Elaterium fruit juice against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of Ecballium elaterium "Fruit juice" extract against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. The hepatotoxicity was induced by acetaminophen (PCM) at dose of 400 mg/kg in male albino rats. It was administered orally once a day, every 48 h at the same time for twenty two days. The biochemical liver functional tests ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin, total protein, antioxidant enzymes (GR, GPx, CAT, SOD), and histopathological changes were examined. Our results showed that Levels of liver enzymes ALT, AST, ALP, G-GT and total bilirubin and MDA level were significantly enhanced by administration of acetaminophen and level of total protein while antioxidant enzymes "GR, GPx, CAT, SOD" were decreased. However, the pretreatment with The E. elaterium "fruit juice" at 1 ml/kg orally revealed attenuation of serum ALT, AST, ALP. The histopathological studies also supported the protective properties of E. elaterium "fruit juice". The area of necrosis and degeneration of hepatocytes were observed in the toxic group. The prophylactic and curative groups showed a marked protective effect with decreased necrotic zones and hepatocellular degeneration. The present results clearly demonstrate the marked antihepatotoxic effects of E. elaterium "fruit juice" extract through its antioxidant activity on acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity in rats.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v3i5.18535 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, April 2014, 3(5): 270-274
Metalanguages and subjectivities

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Since the beginnings of the modern era, the trope of language has underlain the Western figuration of subjectivity. Behind Descartes' cogito argument is a dico variant ("I am, I exist [ego sum, ego existo] is necessarily true each time that I pronounce it, or that I mentally conceive it"), and the deconstructionist turn in the humanities and social sciences suggests that although the royal road to the unconscious may be through dreams, its bedrock is constructed out of the rhetorical structures of language. Not only are the terms that Freud uses for the various defense mechanisms a veritable catalogue of traditional rhetorical devices, but the concepts of what is translated into English as the ego, superego, and id are originally metaphorical extensions of the German pronominal system — das Ich, das Über-Ich, and das Es. The issues raised are deconstructionist in their insistence that our models of subjectivity come from the subtle interplay between rhetoric and reference, Bakhtinian in that all such models depend on genre-specific forms of narration and their metalinguistic relations, and Whorfian in the relativistic implications of the cross-linguistic variability of metalinguistic structures.
[Calcification of the tricuspid annulus in association with pulmonary stenosis: report of a case].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 51-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of palpitation, dyspnea and anterior chest discomfort. She had had a heart murmur since childhood. On physical examination, a rough grade 6/6 ejection systolic murmur was maximally audible at the second left intercostal space with a systolic thrill. The chest X-ray film showed the cardiothoracic ratio of 54% and the electrocardiogram demonstrated right ventricular hypertrophy. Calcification of the tricuspid annulus was recognized by chest X-ray films (anteroposterior and lateral views), M-mode and cross-sectional echocardiograms and the computed tomogram (CT) of the chest. Cardiac catheterization revealed the presence of valvular pulmonary stenosis and atrial septal defect. These findings were confirmed by surgical operation. Since the first description of Paktovskii in 1960, nine cases of calcification of the tricuspid annulus were reported, but no case has been described in the Japanese literature. Contrary to the mitral annulus, the echocardiographic and computed tomographic features of the calcification of the tricuspid annulus has not been reported previously. In this paper, we reported a middle aged patient with circumferential calcification of the tricuspid annulus in association with severe pulmonary stenosis and atrial septal defect, and the features of the echocardiogram and CT images were illustrated.
The Common Features and Mechanisms of Ginger Juice Processing Technology Based on the Composition and Gastrointestinal Effects of Chinese Herbs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Context: All Chinese herbal medicines should be processed before they are used in clinics offering Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Ginger juice is one of the process assistants and a widely-applied agent in processing many herbal medicines. Objective: In this study, the ginger juice was investigated with its processing mechanism according to its common processing function on herbal medicines, which included Rhizoma pinelliae (RP, the tuber of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit.), officinal magnolia bark (OMB, the root bark of Coptis chinensis Franch.), and Rhizoma coptidis (RC, the rhizoma of Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils). Materials and Methods: The composition, especially the essential oil, of the raw ingredients and ginger juiceprocessed products and their gastrointestinal effect on model rats with functional dyspepsia (FD) were compared, the relationship between the changes of composition and pharmaceutical effects was analysed. Results: The gastric residue rate of the rats in the drug-treated group was significantly lower than in the control group (P<0.05), while the intestinal propulsive rates were markedly higher (P<0.05). The motilin and gastrin level in serum of the drug-treated groups had significantly increased (P<0.05) compared with the control group. Compared with the raw product group, there was an apparent reduction in gastric residual rate for ginger juice processed Rhizoma Pinelliae (GJRP)and ginger juice processed Rhizoma Coptidis (GJRC) (P<0.05). The GJ processed products groups showed a common increase in the intestinal propulsive rate (P<0.05), the motilin level of GJRP and ginger juice processed officinal magnolia bark (GJOMB) groups was significantly increased (P<0.05) and gastrin levels of all gingerprocessed groups were significantly increased (P<0.05). Meanwhile, eight types of common components were found in ginger juice, ginger juice-processed RP, OMB, and RC, in which farnesene, nerolidol, dragosantol, and a-elemene, each with pharmacological activity showed a positive relationship with gastrointestinal function of processed drugs through Pearson’s correlation analysis. Discussion and conclusion: This work provided a better understanding of ginger juice processing mechanisms and a guide to research into the common processing features of processing assistants in Chinese herbal medicine.
Prognosis and related factors in patients with chronic respiratory failure in acute exacerbated phase

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To analyze the prognosis and related factors in patients with chronic respiratory failure in acute exacerbated phase.Methods:80 patients with chronic respiratory failure hospitalized in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed,they were divided into two groups:the death and the better groups.The BMI、PaO2/FiO2、PaCO2、PaO2、pH、MVV,Complication and treatment model of antibiotic between two groups were analyzed.Results:There was statistical difference between the two groups in BMI、PaO2/PaCO2、PaO2、MVV,comptication and trearment model of antibiotic,and there was no statistical difference in PaO2 and pH.Conclusion:Nutrition,blood gas and basic lung function are related to the prognosis of the chronic respiratory failure.Stressing the nutrition,curing the condition of blood gas, preventing the descent of lung function could improve the prognosis of chronic respiratory failure.Otherwise, timely treating complication and reasonable use of antibiotic may decrease the hospitaled mortality of the patients with chronic respiratory failure.
Half graben versus large‐offset low‐angle normal fault: Importance of keeping cool during normal faulting

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

We study the effect of temperature in the crust on the style of faulting during the extension of a model lithosphere. Two distinct fault patterns are seen depending on whether the brittle layer thickness H L is greater or less than a critical value H C . For a thin layer ( H L < H C ) a single high‐angle normal fault develops large offset with strong rotation of the abandoned footwall. For thick layers ( H L > H C ) a rift develops with multiple faults bounding an evolving set of grabens. Numerical results show that the value of H C depends on how the thermal structure and therefore the thickness distribution of the lithosphere evolve during extension. In the region where the displacement occurs along the fault the brittle lithosphere thins, and we show that this promotes development of multiple faults. In models with heat transfer only by rock motion and conduction, the advective thinning effect can greatly reduce H C . With rift velocities greater than 1 cm yr −1 , H C is reduced by a factor of 5 (to unreasonably small values). However, inclusion of simulated hydrothermal cooling increases H C . This allows large offsets to develop in model lithospheres with brittle layers of order 10 km thick. Extension of layers thicker than 10 km tends to produce a rift with multiple graben structures. Finally, we compare the result of a simplified analytic model of extension to data. We find that the style of faulting seen in a variety of continental rifts is broadly consistent with our model predictions.
Does topology matter? land price and road network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Forecasting market dynamics has been the prior concern for financial studies. But current models with historical data, demographic feature, and econometric indicators does not show satisfactory performance. The scope of this paper is to develop a model to forecast land prices. We applied network analysis to express the structure of complex road networks and extracted effective features influencing land price. We demonstrated that the price model including the features extracted from the road networks showed better performance in forecasting the price than that with demographic features.
The Effect of a Single Bout of Physical Exertion on Expressive Language and Word Finding in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To date, little research has been conducted on the relationship between fatigue and expressive language among Multiple Sclerosis patients (MS). This study was a response to this knowledge gap. A nonrandom, matched- subject, mixed-factor design model was used with a purposive sample of 17 individuals with MS (five had primary-progressive (PP) MS, and 12 had relapsing-remitting (RR) MS). The research design was subjected to pretesting to ensure validity. Participants were assessed on a range of language tasks after undergoing one bout of cardiovascular exercise (NuStep T5 Recumbent Cross Trainer) and asked to provide a subjective fatigue score. The expressive language tests included confrontation naming, assessment of expressive-language skills, verbal fluency, and assessment of a picture description. The tasks were replicated after a fatigue-equivalent rest period. Statistical analyses involved the testing of assumptions for one-way MANOVA/MANCOVA. Gender and subtypes of MS were subject to chi distribution. Analysis of the intervention and control groups for differences in gender, ethnicity and years of education revealed no significant difference. The mean number of years with a MS diagnosis was 12.82 with a median EDSS score of 5.50. The Intervention Fatigue Group had a significantly higher confrontation naming errors score in comparison to the Control Fatigue Group, the Control Rest Group and the Intervention Rest Group. Analysis of verbal fluency revealed that the Intervention Fatigue Group generated significantly fewer words when given a letter of the alphabet or asked to generate words within an abstract category compared to the Control Fatigue Group, the Control Rest Group and the Intervention Rest Group. Analysis of narrative production skills revealed the Intervention Fatigue Group and the Intervention Rest Group illustrated a similar reduced performance compared to the Control Fatigue Group and Control Rest Group. For tasks concerning confrontation naming, the Intervention Fatigue Group took significantly longer time to verbally name colors and objects compared to the Control Fatigue Group and the Control Rest Group; however, the Intervention Fatigue Group was not statistically different from the Rest Group. The Intervention Fatigue Group had a significantly higher fatigue change score in comparison to the Intervention Rest Group and the Control Rest Group. However, the Intervention Fatigue Group did not significantly differ from the Control Fatigue Group. Overall, the results indicate that when working with language skills in persons with MS, clinicians should account for the presence of fatigue on performance measures and consider testing skills in conditions.
Can we infer the Initial Mass Function of galaxies at z ~ 2?

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Recent studies show increasing evidence for the possibility of the Initial Mass Function (IMF) of galaxies to vary as a function of numerous physical parameters. These studies mainly focus on the low redshift galaxies (at z≤0.1) and is not backed by any studies at higher redshifts. Using MOSFIRE data from KECK, we use the Hα Equivalent-Width (EW) as a proxy for the IMF to study in situ IMF of galaxies at z ~ 2. In this proceedings we focus on the underlying physics of this method and present our initial findings. More work is needed to interpret the results accurately and will be presented in our future papers.
The utilization of water hyacinth (<i>Eichhornia crassipes</i>) by West African Dwarf(WAD) growing goats

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Confined growing goats were offered ad libitum sundried water hyacinth, cowpea pod and groundnut stubbles hand mixed in the respective proportions: 30:40:30 (diet 1); 30:30:40 (diet 2) and 40:30:30 (diet 3) to measure intake, feed conversion and rate of gain. Dry Matter Intake, DMI (56.14 ± 6.50g/kg dry matter intake (% of EW) 3.49 ± 0.30, feed conversion (g gain/kg feed) 47.24 ± 5.80 and rate of gain (gd 11.00 ± 2.80 of goats fed diet 3 were higher (P < 0.05) than the corresponding (P > 0.05) mean DM1 (49.88 ± 6.5Ogkg/BW). DM1 (% of BW) 3.11±0.30, feed conversion (g gain/kg feed) 40.55±5.80 and rate of gain (gd 8.37±2.80 of goats fed diets 1 and 2. Evaluation of sundried E. crassipes incorporated with legume residues for ruminant feeds at the maximum beneficial level of inclusion will be necessary.
New insights into germ cell tumor genomics

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Testicular germ cell tumors ( GCT s) represent the most common malignancy in young men. While GCT s represent a model for curable solid tumors due to exquisite chemosensitivity, mortality for patients with GCT comprises the most life years lost for non‐pediatric malignancies. Given limited options for patients with platinum‐resistant disease, improved insight into GCT biology could identify novel therapeutic options for patients with platinum‐resistant disease. Recent studies into molecular characteristics of both early stage and advanced germ cell tumors suggest a role for rationally targeted agents and potentially immunotherapy. Recent developments Recent GWAS meta‐analyses have uncovered additional susceptibility loci for GCT and provide further evidence that GCT risk is polygenic. Chromosome arm level amplifications and reciprocal loss of heterozygosity have been described as significantly enriched in GCT compared to other cancer types. Contemporary analyses confirm ubiquitous gain of isochromosome 12 and mutations in addition to previously described GCT ‐associated genes such as KIT and KRAS . Alterations within the TP 53 ‐ MDM 2 signal transduction pathway appear to be enriched among patients with platinum‐resistant disease. Potentially actionable targets, including alterations in TP 53‐ MDM 2 , Wnt/β‐catenin, PI 3K, and MAPK signaling, are present in significant proportions of patients with platinum‐resistant disease and may be exploited as therapeutic options. Pre‐clinical and early clinical data also suggest a potential role for immunotherapy among patients with GCT s. Conclusion Molecular characterization of GCT patients may provide biologic rationale for novel treatment options in patients with platinum‐resistant disease.