jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A case study to demonstrate a Pareto Frontier for selecting a best response surface design while simultaneously optimizing multiple criteria

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Experimenting with limited resources often means that we are trying to get more out of a single experiment and balance competing goals. Selecting a best response surface design when simultaneously optimizing multiple criteria requires carefully choosing measures and scales of different design criteria and then balancing the trade‐offs between the criteria. This paper illustrates a decision‐making process using a Pareto frontier to identify good design candidates and a Utopia point approach for selection of an optimal design based on several competing criteria. The Pareto approach shows substantial improvement over the classic desirability function method by offering the user greater flexibility in quantifying the robustness of designs to weight specifications and the sensitivity of the solutions to different choices of weights, scales, and metrics. Graphical methods are used for summarizing and extracting useful information for improved decision‐making. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Spirochensilides A and B, Two New Rearranged Triterpenoids from Abies chensiensis.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract isolation, structural elucidation, plausible biogenetic pathway and antiinflammatory activity of the title triterpenoids which possess a unique 8,10‐cyclo‐9,10‐seco and methyl‐rearranged carbon skeleton
Folksonomies As an Emergent Medium for Social Browsing and Information Structuring on the Web

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

FOLKSONOMIES AS AN EMERGENT MEDIUM FOR SOCIAL
NAVIGATION AND INFORMATION STRUCTURING ON THE WEB Folksonomies are a new model for structuring data on the Web, based on the
free indexing of keywords by Internauts. They provide new media for
existing forms of social navigation. This article draws on a series of
interviews with users of the Flickr site, to propose a typology of uses of
tagging systems. Although it seems to be an individual practice, this
categorization prompts users to enter into multiple forms of cooperation,
ranging from implicit cooperation - made possible by the aggregation of
metadata by the system - to more coordinated forms of cooperation within
user collectives.
Morphology of Hypospadias

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Morphological investigation was performed in a clinical series for prospective study comprising 220 unselected cases of hypospadias. The patients were followed up postoperatively for 8 to 12 years. The investigation comprised the external and internal genitals, including anomalies of the testes and disturbances in gonad differentiation, and simultaneous malformations in the upper urinary tract and extraurogenital malformations. At the preoperative examination the meatal caliber was judged to be inadequate in 91% of the patients with glandular hypospadias, the mildest and commonest form. Curvature was observed in 69% and torsion in 16%. Manifest penile hypoplasia was registered in 7/220, 3 of whom showed chromosomal aberrations. Among the congenital anomalies of the proximal urethra, undevelopment of the prostate was discovered in one perineal hypospadiac and absence of the internal sphincter mechanism in one glandular and one perineal hypospadiac among 142/220 who had reached fertile age. The anomaly in these three patients caused retrograde ejaculation.
Open Access in STEM Fields

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this panel discussion, we will discuss attitudes and experiences with Open Access in STEM disciplines. Traditionally, the sciences have been known as the discipline most willing to embrace Open Access -- is that the case at Southern Miss? If so, are there lessons learned that might be applicable for other disciplines? We will also discuss the use of Open Textbooks in STEM, along with other potential applications for research and for data management.
Contrasting Rulings Shed Light on When an Employer May or May Not Fire an Employee for Obscenities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In two recent cases, the National Labor Relations Board and a federal court reached opposite conclusions on whether employers acted lawfully when they fired employees for using obscenities. In one case, a federal court upheld the NLRB's ruling that an employee's Facebook post calling his supervisor a “NASTY M***** F*****” was protected activity under the National Labor Relations Act. Yet an NLRB administrative law judge (ALJ) in another case determined that an employer lawfully terminated an employee who yelled “F*** you and f*** this job!” at a management representative. How can these two decisions be reconciled?
American Indian botanicals: possible alternatives to hormone therapy during menopause

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Although pharmaceutical hormone therapy (HT) remains the standard clinical treatment for managing menopausal symptoms, many women seek alternatives such as botanical dietary supplements since HT has been associated with increased risk of breast cancer, coronary heart disease and stroke. The leading botanicals that women take for menopause are black cohosh and red clover, which were also traditionally used by American Indians. Although these two botanicals have been investigated extensively, there are still numerous American Indian plants that lack scientific studies on their safety and efficacy. Amorpha canescens Pursh. (Fabaceae) – leadplant, Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) Torr. & A. Gray (Cucurbitaceae) – wild cucumber, and Silphium perfoliatum L. (Asteraceae) - cup plant inflorescent tissue were examined for estrogenic, chemopreventive, and anti-inflammatory potential in initial screenings based on American Indian ethnobotany and published biological data. Leadplant MeOH extract was selected as the best candidate for bioassay-guided fractionation due to high anti-estrogenic activity in the Ishikawa cell-based assay and anti-inflammatory activity in the Griess assay. Cup plant and Lespedeza capitata Mixch. (Fabaceae) – roundhead lespedeza (chosen from the other 12 species) are being pursued as alternatives due to significant anti-estrogenic and estrogenic activity, respectively. This project will identify possible novel and effective drug leads for menopausal symptoms, cancer, and inflammation and provide support for American Indian traditional knowledge.
Competition and Profitability

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we investigate relationship between competition and profitability. We define dynamic and static competition and review economic literature about persistence and sources of profits. Moreover, we compare measures of competition based on profitability and relative profits. We argue that profitability measures are more suitable for firms with similar efficiency and for the long-run studies and inter-industry comparisons. Measures based on relative profitability, on the other hand, are likely to be more useful if efficiency of firms in the industry differs persistently.
The status of green snail (<i>Turbo marmoratus</i>) resource in Vanuatu and recommendations for its management: March 2014

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pakoa K., William A., Neihapi P., Kikutani K. 2014. The status of green snail (<i>Turbo marmoratus</i>) resource in Vanuatu and recommendations for its management: March 2014. Noumea, New Caledonia: Secretariat of the Pacific Community. 36 p.
Alignment of Department of Defense Manpower, Resources, and Personnel Systems

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The manpower system determines the needs of various organizations for military personnel with different characteristics. The resources system determines how many of these individuals will be paid for and pays for them. The personnel system enters, manages, develops, and exits personnel. We were asked to review links among the manpower, resources, and personnel systems and outcomes from these links in order to (1) determine whether the systems are misaligned, (2) assess how the systems synchronize when misalignments occur, and (3) identify policies and programs for implementing improvements.
The comparsion of two isozymes and soluble protein between aphids in two forms gallnuts

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Studying the esterase-isozyme and perxidase-isozyme and soluble protein between the aphids in spindlegallnut and the ones in long date gallnut with electrophoresis shows that the same Kaburgia rhusicola Takagi identified by morphology can cause spindlegallnut and long date gallnut. The two forms gallunts differ in terms of soluble protein and esterase-isozyme. Differential coefficients are respectively 0.2571 and 0.067; and also shows that aphid species of kaburgia rhusicola Takagi has differentiated. Aphids in plas modium gallnuts have trended to differentiate to different bion on molecular level.
Anemia during Pregnancy: Most Preventable yet most Prevalent

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objective To study the relationship between maternal hemoglobin and maternal and perinatal outcomes in a cohort of 1200 women, and to highlight the importance of antenatal care to improve maternal health, maternal and fetal outcome. Method All singleton pregnancies delivering at NKPSIMS, from January 2009 to December 2009 that fulfilled the required criteria were included. Results Out of 1200 women, 787 were anemic (67.2%) < 11 gm of Hb and 413 were nonanemic. Perinatal outcome included preterm delivery, birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction, perinatal death, low Apgar scores and intrauterine fetal death. Risk of preterm and low birth weight among anemic women was 4.2 times and 1.8 times more than nonanemic women. The neonates of anemic women had 1.8 times more risk of low Apgar scores at 1 minute. Among anemic women there was 2.4 times greater risk of intrauterine fetal death than nonanemic women. The women with anemia had 2.5 times higher incidence of PPH than nonanemic women. Puerperal complications were 2.5 times more in anemic women than nonanemic women. Conclusions Regular patient education by imparting proper knowledge regarding iron-rich foods, food fortification, implementation of anemia prophylaxis program from adolescence, regular antenatal care from 1st trimester has a vital role in assessing and managing maternal anemia timely, and it directly affects the perinatal outcome. The patients with anemia have higher risk of having low birth weight, preterm birth and Intrauterine fetal death (Rawalmeds 2007,32:102:101:104).
The Phenomenon of Brain Death in Jurisprudence and Law Scale

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: It has been emphasized on sanctity of human life and the inherent dignity and sanctity of killing men in all the Abraham religions. In revelation teachings of Islam, murder is considered one of the greatest sins andnobody has right to take his/her own life or the other life. Progress in medical sciences, care facilities for patients,organ transplantation by skilled specialists and surgeons,and recognizing patient's consciousness level caused keeping patients with brain deathto be considered as a today issue in medical world. In this study the phenomenon of brain death in jurisprudence and law scale was surveyed. METHODS: The viewpoint and sentences of jurisprudents, contemporary Shia scholars and jurists about brain death was surveyed. There are a lot of verses in Quran and narratives about the right of life and death. Researching for such verses and narratives is a way to achieve a reasonable result. FINDINGS: The death is separation of soul from the body. Cardiac arrest solely is not enough to accept the death. Finishing the life of a person with brain death is deemed as an instance of manslaughter. The brain death solely is not enough for amputation and is not allowed. Removing the organs of a brain dead patient before his/her real death and after his/her death is not permitted. It is not permitted to remove the device from a brain dead patient who is alive with it and a person who does it considered as a killer.Permission of brain dead patient for donation of organcannot also cause the sanctity sentence to be waived. CONCLUSION: Results of this study showedthat from the jurisprudential viewpoint, the agents who ceasing the services and the persons who amputate brain dead patient's organ and caused the absolute death of the patient committed the unlawful act and are liable for incurred loss. In case of the permission of patient or next of kin to donor the organs, the right of retribution and blood money are waived, otherwise the right of retribution and blood money is reserved for next of kin.
Review of power quality monitoring systems

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Power quality is gaining a lot of interest lately by researchers and engineers as electricity is a vital part of our daily life. The aim of this paper is to survey some of the recent existing systems, techniques and methods that are being used to monitor power quality. The survey focuses mainly on power quality monitoring systems which are composed of various tools, software, communication links etc. that work together as one coherent system. Another goal is to develop an understanding about the quality management in the area of power industry. Some of the methods and techniques that are presented discuss about power quality meter placement techniques. Finding the best locations to place the power quality monitors in the electrical grid is done by developing algorithms and approaches to find the appropriate number of monitors and the appropriate locations to place them in order to reduce the cost of the PQM system and increase its efficiency. The paper discusses the basic idea of each method or system in order to have an understanding about its importance and role. Then, a simple comparison is made between the techniques in terms of their advantages and disadvantages. After that, international industry practices and guidelines for power quality monitoring and management are discussed. Lastly, some examples for the efforts that are made in the area of power quality improvement are discussed.
The “Degraded” Tapia Woodlands of Highland Madagascar: Rural Economy, Fire Ecology, and Forest Conservation

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Madagascar is well known for deforestation. However, highland "tapia" (Uapaca bojeri) woodlands may present a counterexample of indigenous management leading to woodland conservation. Contrary to common wisdom that these woodlands are degraded, tapia woodland extent and composition have seen little change this century. Tapia woodlands harbor many benefits, including wild silkworms (whose cocoons have been harvested for centuries to weave expensive burial shrouds), fruit, fuelwood, mushrooms, edible insects, and herbal medicines. As a result, villagers shape and maintain the woodlands. Burning favors the dominance of pyrophitic tapia trees and protects silkworms from parasites. Selective cutting of non-tapia species and pruning of dead branches also favors tapia dominance and perhaps growth. Finally, local and stateimposed regulations protect the woodlands from overexploitation. These processes—burning, cutting, and protection—are embedded in complex and dynamic social, political, economic, and ecological contexts, which are integral to the tapia woodlands as they exist today. As a result, I argue on a normative level that the creation and maintenance of the woodlands should not be seen as "degradation," but rather as a creative "transformation."
EFFICIENCY OF USING ECONOMIC AND STATISTICAL METHODS IN ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF COMMODITY INVENTORIES

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the given article problems of stock management and procedure of carrying out the analysis of commodity stocks with use of economic and statistical methods at the trading enterprise were considered.Methods of economic and statistical research -the concept is very broad and has a wide range.This general term covers a range of modern scientific approaches, methods, tools, methods of measurement, formalized description, analysis and forecasting of economic phenomena and processes inherent in the financial, investment, tax system, and therefore in modern economic development, business activities of commercial enterprises , which must maintain competitiveness, reliable and profitable operation in the long run, largely depends on their ability to meet the needs of a personal nature, as modern consumers and have the ability to increase their own turnover.To achieve this goal, trading companies must be able to maintain the necessary turnover of goods, provide the necessary range and quality of inventories, to effectively control the use and management in this process, which ensures the profit and efficiency of the enterprise.Thus, the relevance lies in the answers to the following questions: "How to skillfully implement the analysis of inventories and the effectiveness of their use in commercial enterprises, which will ensure effective control and management decisions in terms of this issue?"affects the financial condition of commercial enterprises, because the presence or absence of stocks leads to both costs and revenues.
Greek Americans and the Cyprus Crisis, 1974-75: Ethnic Group Politics and Its Impact on U.S. Foreign Policy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In July 1974 a coup d'etat planned and supported by the military junta then ruling Greece led to the temporary downfall of Archbishop Makarios, the president of Cyprus. Turkey, arguing that the Turkish Cypriot community (18 percent of the population) was in danger, invaded the island. After two massive strikes in July and August, the Turkish army gained control of the northern 40 percent of the island. The result was a refugee population of about 210,000--most of whom were Greek Cypriots. Greek Americans responded to the Cyprus crisis almost immediately. Few attempted to justify the actions of the Greek military junta. However, Turkey's invasion of the island--especially its second strike--was condemned as aggressive and morally reprehensible. The fact that, in its invasion of Cyprus, Turkey had used U.S. military arms in violation of U.S. laws quickly became a central issue. During the year that followed, a heated debate developed between Congress and the U.S. Executive. Congress favored imposing an embargo on arms to Turkey until there was progress toward a peaceful Cyprus settlement. An embargo ultimately took effect in February 197.5. The Executive feared an aid ban would alienate Turkey and weaken the strategically critical NATO ally. As a result, it criticized Congress for giving in to ethnic pressures. What apparently startled observers was the swiftness and intensity of Greek American reaction. On the surface, the mobilization of the community was impressive. Already existing ethnic organizations --such as the churches and fraternal associations--provided convenient vehicles through which to articulate political interests and generate a grass-roots movement. In addition, formal groups, once established, displayed a surprising knowledge of lobby techniques and strategies. However, the effectiveness of the Greek American "lobby" probably was overrated. A test of three models of congressional decision making--the instructed-delegate model, the party-politics model, and the belief-system model--reveals that members of Congress based their decisions to vote for or against the Turkish arms embargo on a number of factors. These included personal conviction and party loyalty as well as constituency pressure. Ultimately, the administration, by thrusting Greek Americans into the limelight, helped build up the myth of a potent domestic lobby.
Penegakan Hukum terhadap Pelaku Pembukaan Lahan yang Menyebabkan Kebakaran Hutan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Forest fires caused by land clearing activities are a serious problem that threatens the ecosystem, public health, and the economy. Pollution and environmental damage in forest fire cases in Indonesia are serious problems. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the regulation and implementation of law enforcement against perpetrators of land clearing that cause forest fires. The research method used is normative juridical. The legal materials used are laws and regulations related to the environment and court decisions 205 / Pid.B / LH / 2023 / PN Kgn. The results of the study are that law enforcement can be used as a rule to overcome environmental problems by referring to the Law on Environmental Management and Protection, the Law on Plantations, the Law on Prevention and Eradication of Forest Destruction. The law enforcement carried out is to impose a criminal sentence on the perpetrators to imprisonment for 10 (ten) months and a fine of IDR 30,000,000.00 (thirty million rupiah). Conclusion: The Indonesian Government continues to strengthen regulations and law enforcement to address this issue, although major challenges remain regarding law enforcement in the field and compliance of perpetrators with existing regulations. Suggestions include strengthening regulations and strict law enforcement, educating the public about the dangers of forest fires, and developing firefighting infrastructure. Collaboration between stakeholders is also important in this effort. It requires commitment to handling and preventing forest fires and also requires participation from all parties to continue to protect and preserve Indonesia's forests, in order to become useful provisions for future generations
Investigating the variance of edge-of-field deposits of spray drift

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Spray applications in arable crops often lead to off-target spray deposits downwind from the treated field. Throughout several decades, many experiments have been carried out by different researchers to quantify the downwind spray deposits. Relations between downwind spray deposits and parameters like sprayer settings, field conditions and environmental conditions were investigated. Still, there is a large variance in the observed data that cannot be explained satisfactorily by the experimental and environmental conditions. Sprayer boom movements and local fluctuations in driving speed, wind speed and wind direction are the most likely factors affecting variance in downwind spray deposits.In this study variations in downwind deposits of spray drift caused by sprayer boom movements are investigated both experimentally and based on simulations using the spray drift model IDEFICS. Downwind deposits of spray drift were measured alongside a treated potato field, at 2 m and 5 m off the edge. Wind speed and direction were recorded during the experiments. Horizontal and vertical movements of the sprayer boom were recorded as well. Variance of spray deposits at 2 m downwind from the field edge was about 50%. At 5 m downwind variance was about 30%.A quasi-dynamic model was developed based on the IDEFICS spray drift model. In the new model the effect of both horizontal and vertical boom movements on downwind spray deposits was studied. From the above mentioned experiments, the most important frequencies and amplitudes of boom movements were derived. Using these frequencies, the model simulations resulted in variances of spray drift deposits similar to those established experimentally. Effects of fluctuating wind directions are to be investigated in the near future.