jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Symbolic Computation and Construction of New Exact Travelling Wave Solutions to (3+1)-Dimensional KP Equation

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

With the aid of symbolic computation system Maple, many exact solutions for the (3+1)-dimensional KP equation are constructed by introducing an auxiliary equation and using its new Jacobi elliptic function solutions, where the new solutions are also constructed. When the modulus m → 1 and m → 0, these solutions reduce to the corresponding solitary evolution solutions and trigonometric function solutions.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Articles on “Scientific Inquiry”: Sample of WoS Database

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study is to examine the articles published on scientific inquiry in the Web of Science (WoS) database in terms of bibliometric indicators. The sample of the research using the bibliometric analysis technique consists of 926 studies in the type of article searched with the word “Scientific inquiry”. MS Excel and VOSviewer programs were used to analyze the data. The data obtained from this analysis are presented with tables and bibliometric maps. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that most articles on scientific inquiry were published in 2020. It has been determined that the most frequently used keyword in scientific inquiry is “scientific inquiry”. It has been concluded that the most effective journal in scientific inquiry is “Science Education”. In addition, it has been determined that “English” comes to the fore as a language in studies conducted on scientific inquiry and that the “USA” as a country works actively in scientific inquiry.
Questioning the Author: An Approach for Enhancing Student Engagement With Text

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Questioning the Author (QtA) is an interactive teaching strategy that helps students comprehend what they are reading. When elementary students read in a QtA lesson, they learn to question the ideas presented in the text while they are reading, making them thinkers, not just readers.Questioning the Author: An Approach for Enhancing Student Engagement with Text presents many examples of QtA in action. The authors analyze the transcripts of actual class discussions to show the important tools that differentiate QtA from other approaches to reading comprehension and engagement.
Teaching children to take the best

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

"Take The Best" is a fast and frugal strategy that requires focus upon the most important information dimensions when making decisions, and the ability to ignore other, less crucial factors. Two studies are used to investigate whether children take up the Take The Best heuristic following child-friendly strategy prompting. The results show that children aged nine (Study 1, N = 65) and 12 (Study 2, N = 35) can accurately execute such a strategy and align their choices to strategy predictions instantly following prompts. This leads to better decision outcomes. However, strategy uptake is not perfect: a proportion of children do not apply the strategy systematically, and their choices are biased by irrelevant information. The results demonstrate that effortless strategy prompting can instantly improve a child's decision making.
PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION LEGISLATION: OVERVIEW OF AN INDIAN AND AFRICAN PERSPECTIVE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Plant Variety Protection (PVP) legislation provide for the establishment of an effective system for protection of plant varieties, the rights of farmers and plant breeders to encourage the development of new varieties of plants. The TRIPS agreement has established the minimum standards for protection and enforcement of plant varieties by the each member country. TRIPS left to each country’s discretion whether to protect new plant varieties by means of patent or by effective sui generis system or by any combination thereof. In India and Africa protection to new plant varieties is provided through PVP Acts. This paper discusses the salient features of the PVP laws of these countries. The PVP law affects the agriculture based economy in countries such as India and Africa in a significant way, thus, economic implications of this law are discussed herein.
Hybrid Global Optimum Beetle Antennae Search - Genetic Algorithm Based Welding Robot Path Planning

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper, the welding task of the body-in-white spot welding robot is coordinated, and the welding path optimization algorithm is studied to effectively improve the welding efficiency. The genetic algorithm (GA) is added to each iteration of the Beetle Antennae Search algorithm (BAS), and the advantage of fast convergence of the BAS is used to accelerate the convergence speed of the GA. The mutation mechanism of GA helps BAS solve local optimal situations. Therefore, a hybrid algorithm (BAS-GA) having the advantages of BAS and GA is formed. Then, the Three dimensional welding path planning problem is solved with BAS-GA. In addition, we carried out simulation experiments in the PLM simulation system, and verified the path optimization ability through the test, indicating that BAS-GA has good practicability in the optimization of welding robot path.
IMMEDIATE EFFECT OF MIND SOUND RESONANCE TECHNIQUE (MSRT- A YOGIC RELAXATION TECHNIQUE) ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN TYPE 2 DIABETES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diabetes is one of the chronic medical condition with high prevalence rates. Long standing diabetes is associated with impaired cognitive functioning. Yoga is known to improve the cognitive functions in normal and chronic diseased individuals. Mind sound resonance technique (MSRT) is one of the mindfulness based yogic relaxation technique, know to enhance cognitive functions. The objective comprised to study the immediate effect of MSRT practice on cognitive function in patient with type 2 diabetes.Forty three (18 male) type 2 diabetes patientswith an age range between 30 to 65 (mean age ± SD = 56.83 ± 12.54) with minimum history of diabetes since last 5 years, were enrolled in this study. All the subjects underwent training of 15 sessions of MSRT practice in 6 days. 7th day subjects were administered DLST before and immediately after the MSRT intervention. Data was found normally distributed by Shapiro-Wilcox test. The paired sample t test was used to see the pre-post changes.There was significant improvement in total score (p = 0.001; +24.99) and net score (p = 0.001; +25.47) along with a nonsignificant decrease in wrong attempts (p- 0.855) of DLST.Present pilot study indicates that MSRT may have a potential role in enhancing psychomotor performance in patients suffering from diabetes, immediately after the practice. These findings need confirmation from studies with a larger sample size and randomized controlled design, which will be implicated in the future. Key words: Mind sound resonance technique; psychomotor performance; diabetes, mindfulness, cognitive function
Community-run open source tools for video, text, and code collaboration

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

updated: Jan 06, 2025 <em> Please feel free to leave suggestions, critical notes, etc. via hypothes.is comments (see Annotation sidebar tab on the top-right of your screen) and I'll make sure to add these to the main text. </em> DOI: https://doi.org/10.59350/6zvzt-94273 <strong> Table of Contents </strong> BigBlueButton — video alternative for teaching, learning, collaboration in projects, etc.
Efficacy of shockwave-enhanced Aloe vera gel on full-thickness wound healing: experimental study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction To investigate the efficacy of shockwave-enhanced Aloe vera gel on full-thickness wounds in rats. Methods Overall, 45 adult male rats were selected. Under anaesthesia, a skin area of 6 cm2 on the upper back of each animal was surgically excised. Then, the rats were divided by a randomization process into 3 groups. In group A, 15 rats received combined administration of topical Aloe vera gel with shockwave therapy (600 shock pulses/session, 4 pulses/second, at 0.1 mJ/mm2 shock intensity). In group B, 15 rats received shockwave therapy with the same parameters as in group A, followed by topical application of Aloe vera gel for 150 seconds. In group C (control group), 15 rats received combined administration of topical Aloe vera gel with shockwave therapy while the device was switched off for 150 seconds. All groups received a total of 6 sessions: 2 sessions per week for 3 weeks. As outcome measures, wounded areas and shrinking rates were assessed at the third and sixth sessions in all groups. Results In the last session, there were significant wound contraction and shrinking rate measures in group A when compared with those in the other experimental group and in the control group. Conclusions Extracorporeal shockwave therapy may act as an efficient transdermal drug mediator as it maximized the healing effect of shockwave-combined Aloe vera gel on full-thickness wound healing.
Evaluation of Spirocyclic 3-(3-Fluoropropyl)-2-benzofurans as σ1 Receptor Ligands for Neuroimaging with Positron Emission Tomography

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A series of various N-substituted 3-(3-fluoropropyl)-3H-spiro[[2]benzofuran-1,4'-piperidines] (7) has been synthesized. In receptor binding studies, the N-benzyl derivative 7a (WMS-1813) revealed extraordinarily high sigma(1) receptor affinity (K(i) = 1.4 nM) and excellent sigma(1)/sigma(2) selectivity (>600 fold). In vitro biotransformation of 7a with rat liver microsomes led to three main metabolites. N-Debenzylation was inhibited by introduction of an N-phenylethyl residue (7 g). The PET tracer [(18)F]7a was synthesized by nucleophilic substitution of the tosylate 13 with K[(18)F]F-K222-carbonate complex. The decay corrected radiochemical yield of [(18)F]7a was 35-48% with a radiochemical purity of >99.5% and a specific activity of 150-238 GBq/micromol. The radiotracer properties were evaluated in female CD-1 mice by organ distribution and ex vivo brain autoradiography. The radiotracer uptake in the brain was fast and sufficient, with values of approximately 4% injected dose per gram. Target specificity of [(18)F]7a was validated in blocking studies by preapplication of haloperidol, and significant reduction in the uptake of radioactivity was observed in the brain and peripheral organs expressing sigma(1) receptors.
Therapeutic Support for Pressure Injuries

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Reactive air surfaces, alternating-pressure (active) air surfaces, and reactive gel surfaces may be more effective at preventing pressure injuries compared to foam surfaces. The clinical effectiveness of therapeutic support surfaces to prevent pressure injuries may be influenced by the care setting (e.g., long-term care, acute care, intensive care units) as well as follow-up time. An overview of reviews with a network meta-analysis did not find any significant differences between different types of support surfaces on time to pressure injury. However, limited evidence suggests there may be a difference between foam surfaces, compared to other types of foam surfaces. Specialized skin protection cushions may also help to prevent pressure injuries compared to standard foam cushions, though there may be no difference between different types of air cushions. It was unclear if there are significant differences between support surfaces for the treatment of pressure injuries. Authors of an overview of reviews stated that reactive air surfaces may be more effective than foam surfaces, but this was not statistically significant. Limited evidence was identified regarding adverse events and health-related quality of life, as well as for pediatric patients. Limited evidence was identified for support surfaces other than mattresses, beds, and overlays (e.g., cushions), as well as therapeutic small devices for prevention of pressure injuries. No studies were identified for therapeutic small devices for treatment.
Cooling Treatment Has No Effect On Serum Hsp70 Of Exertional Heat Stroke Rats

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Corresponding author: Xiuzhen Liu. Abstract: Heat shock response induced by exercise is the fundamental cause of pathophysiological changes in Exertional Heat Stroke(EHS). However, the effect of cooling treatment on Heat Shock Protein 70(HSP70) and the mechanism of cooling treatment regulating heat shock are not clear. PURPOSE: To determine the changes of HSP70 and its regulation on heat shock in rats with exertional heat stroke during cooling treatment. METHODS: Seven week old male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, which were normal temperature control group (NC, n = 8), exertional heat stroke onset group (HSO, n = 9), exertional heat stroke rest group(HSR, n = 9) and exertional heat stroke cooling group(HSC, n = 8) According to the classical model of heat stroke, rectal temperature was measured as the core temperature. The rat model of EHS was established by exercising to exhaustion and raising rectal temperature to about 42 °C in hot and humid environment(36 °C,75%RH). The method of rapid cooling treatment was to immerse in 19 °C cold water for 5 minutes. After anesthesia, blood was taken from the abdominal aorta of rats. HSP70 in serum was measured by ELISA method. The HSP70 ELISA kit for rats was provided by enzolife company from USA. Mann Whitney U test of Nonparametric test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: When the rats developed exertional heat stroke, the core temperature increased, and the non-specific cytoprotective protein HSP70 was up-regulated(HSO vs. NC)(T-rec: 41.97 ± 0.55 vs. 36.95 ± 0.60 °C, p < 0.01; HSP70: 1.48 ± 0.39 vs. 0.63 ± 0.25 ng/ml, p < 0.01). Immediately after cold water immersion for 5 minutes, the core temperature decreased, while the non-specific cytoprotective protein HSP70 did not show significant change(HSC vs. HSR)(T-rec: 35.95 ± 1.19 vs. 39.68 ± 0.61 °C, p < 0.01; HSP70: 1.38 ± 0.52 vs. 1.27 ± 0.42 ng/ml, p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: At the beginning of exertional heat stroke, the significant increase of HSP70 indicates that the body has not only been seriously injured, but also initiates heat shock reaction to resist the cell damage from hyperthermia, ischemia, hypoxia and inflammatory factors during heat exercise. After cooling treatment, there shows few change in HSP70, which demonstrate that the regulation of cooling treatment on heat shock is not obvious or lag behind.
Highly fault-tolerant parallel computation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We re-introduce the coded model of fault-tolerant computation in which the input and output of a computational device are treated as words in an error-correcting code. A computational device correctly computes a function in the coded model if its input and output, once decoded, are a valid input and output of the function. In the coded model, it is reasonable to hope to simulate all computational devices by devices whose size is greater by a constant factor but which are exponentially reliable even if each of their components can fail with some constant probability. We consider fine-grained parallel computations in which each processor has a constant probability of producing the wrong output at each time step. We show that any parallel computation that runs for time t on w processors can be performed reliably on a faulty machine in the coded model using wlog/sup 0(1/)w processors and time tlog/sup 0(1)/w. The failure probability of the computation will be at most t/spl middot/exp(-w/sup 1/4 /). The codes used to communicate with our fault-tolerant machines are generalized Reed-Solomon codes and can thus be encoded and decoded in O(nlog/sup 0(1)/n) sequential time and are independent of the machine they are used to communicate with. We also show how coded computation can be used to self-correct many linear functions in parallel with arbitrarily small overhead.
Acute rheumatic fever in adults

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) in 53 adults was characterized by a severe, febrile migratory polyarthritis involving primarily large joints in the lower extremities, with evidence of an antecedent streptococcal infection. Carditis, present in only eight (15%) of the adults, was mild and transient. The characteristic abnormality in laboratory findings was an erythrocyte sedimentation rate (Westergren) greater than 100 mm/hr. Response to high-dose aspirin therapy was prompt and dramatic in all patients. Mild and evanescent abnormalities of both renal function and hepatic function (not aspirin-mediated) were detected in 51% and 64%, respectively. A common disorder in San Antonio, ARF has distinctive symptoms. It can be readily diagnosed and promptly treated. In the adult, it is almost exclusively a syndrome of events severe but transient in the joints, and mild and transient in the heart, kidneys, and liver. (JAMA232:925-928, 1975)
Potential adverse effects of proton pump inhibitors mimicking other conditions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Proton pump inhibitors, the most potent and safest acid inhibitory agents available, irreversibly bind and inhibit H+, K+-ATPase. They inhibit all phases of gastric acid secretion. Proton pump inhibitors are considered extremely safe and are regularly prescribed. They may, however, have side effects. They affect the clearance of other medicines. And the reactions to them may mimic other conditions and side effects of other medicines.
Visual processing throughout the visual field

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This paper summarizes work done in our laboratory with a special emphasis on functional aspects of the visual field. The quality of the perceived image within a visual display depends on the information available within the display itself but also on the capacity of the human visual system to process visual information. Specifically, the paper discusses work on human visual processing which deals with our capacity to process flicker information and how this is affected by aging, colour, motion, visual distortions as assessed by curvature and symmetry.
Body sway induced by a low frequency alternating current.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A sine wave current stimulus, applied between electrodes placed about one ear and an indifferent electrode, produced a cyclical sway predominantly in the coronal plane. In 12 normal subjects, stimulus frequency (0.1-0.6 Hz) and intensity (+/-0.05 - +/-1.5 mA) had no significant effect on the amplitude of the postural response, but phase lag increased from 0.7 rad at 0.1 Hz to 3.8 rad at 0.6 Hz. Stimulation at 0.3 Hz, +/-1.0 mA evoked detectable responses in all but one of 50 normal subjects. Seven patients with end organ lesions all gave positive responses with the same test procedure. Likewise 13 out of 16 patients with destruction of the VIII nerve also gave positive responses. In the other 3 patients the response on the side of the lesion was absent, as it was in another 3 individuals with lesions of the vestibular nuclei. It was concluded that the sway induced by a low frequency alternating current is the manifestation of the stimulation of structures within the CNS central to the vestibular nerve or its end organ.
[Diagnosis of benign and malignant tumors of the female breast using single photon emission computed tomography with 99mTc-DTPA].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

31 patients with suspicious findings on mammographic films were examined preoperatively by single photon emission computed tomography. A scintigraphic study was performed at 30 and 120 min after i.v. administration of 370 MBq (10 mCi) 99mTc-DTPA. The radionuclide accumulation in both breasts was analyzed quantitatively on transaxial slices using the ROI-technique. In benign lesions (n = 12) as well as in carcinomas (n = 19), an increased 99mTc-DTPA accumulation was found as compared to clinically and radiographically unaffected sides. A radionuclide accumulation exceeding 20% of the contralateral side was considered to indicate malignancy. Thus the sensitivity in diagnosing malignant tumours was 74%, the specificity 64% and the accuracy 70%. In contrast to studies with planar scintigraphic imaging techniques the results clearly show an increased 99mTc-DTPA uptake even in benign breast lesions.
Introduction: the Dunsæte Agreement and daily life in the Welsh borderlands

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Writing the Welsh borderlands in Anglo-Saxon England argues that the Welsh borderlands formed a culturally distinctive region during the Anglo-Saxon period. The book begins with a close examination of a late Old English legal text known as the Dunsæte agreement, which governs procedure for the recovery of stolen cattle taken across the river which ran between the Welsh and English banks of the Dunsæte territory. This text reflects Anglo-Welsh equality, community, and cooperation, providing a window into the lived reality of the borderlands: it was a region where two peoples lived together for hundreds of years, not simply a space of endless warfare as it is often understood in scholarship on early medieval Britain. The introduction contextualizes this book within recent work in postcolonial studies, border/frontier studies, and the history of Anglo/Welsh relations, laying out a case for why the Welsh borderlands should be understood as a distinctive region during the Anglo-Saxon period.
Study on kinetics of IMC formation through simple in-situ experiments for 3D IC applications

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

One of the challenges in realization of 3D IC is the requirement of having low processing temperatures. In order to overcome such challenges, researches have been conducted in an attempt to lower down the bonding temperature. One such way would be through the usage of low temperature solders such as In-Sn based solder. The understanding of the kinetics of the solder with Cu is important especially for the process, performance and reliability of the bonding. From the other studies done, the kinetics of In-Sn with Cu at thin film scale is still not well understood, which includes the effect of In-Sn composition, effect of the thickness of the Cu layer and determining the rate limiting factor. The purpose of this project is to study the role played by In-Sn composition and thickness of the Cu layer in the formation of the ŋ phase (intermetallic compound) IMC, Cu6(Sn,In)5. In this project, bilayer of Cu and solder was annealed to study the growth mechanism of the IMC. The solders used were of composition In-25%Sn and In-50%Sn of 700-1000 nm thick, while the Cu thicknesses of approximately 171 nm, 211 nm and 287 nm were deposited on glass substrates prior to deposition of the solder through E-beam deposition. The thicknesses were chosen to ensure than only the ŋ phase IMC would form. The Ea calculated in this experiment for the formation of the ŋ phase IMC, Cu6(Sn,In)5 is in the range of 24.6 – 47.6 kJ/mol which is comparable to some previous studies. The rate limiting factor is assumed to be due to the diffusion of Cu atoms across the ŋ phase IMC through comparison with literature done on Cu6(Sn,In)5 and Cu6Sn5 formation. The increased thickness of the Cu seems to cause Ea to increase, which may suggest a change of rate limiting factor. Effects of increasing In composition also suggested faster formation of the IMC. Further studies need to be done on more composition of In-Sn based solder to determine the effect Indium has on the IMC formation. The in-situ study has been found to be effective in understanding the kinetics of formation of the IMC.