jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Potential returns to research on rubber vine (Cryptostegia grandiflora)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Rubber vine (Cryptostegia grandiflora) is one of a number of exotic plants in Queensland that has been recognized as socially undesirable and as such bas been declared under the Rural Lands Protection Act. Since its introduction to Queensland in the late 19th century, rubber vine has spread at an increasing rate and presently occupies some 600,000 hectares in northern Queensland. A review of the economic theory behind government intervention into the control of weeds provides strong support for continued government involvement with rubber vine control on environmental, equity and efficiency grounds. An examination of the various approaches to such control was made using aggregate cost curves. This analysis suggests that if a weed has been present in the environment for a long period of time and has become widely distributed, a policy giving priority to research would provide the highest social net-benefit. A mail survey was carried out over
a population of 1133 leasehold cattle properties comprising 38,832,849 hectares. From a systematic sample of 284 properties, 181 questionnaires were returned. Eighty one percent of respondents believed rubber vine to be a problem. Further, the survey indicated that there was in the vicinity of 349,537 hectares of rubber vine within the population surveyed. The total cost to this group in 1989/90 was placed at approximately $7.9 million. Through the use of basic ecological and climatic modelling it was established that rubber vine had the potential to infest approximately 58 million hectares across northern Australia. The historical spread rate of rubber vine was modelled using non linear regression. The model which produced the best fit was of the form A = [e(a + rt)]-c. This model was used to predict the yearly increments in the area of rubber vine over the next fifty years. More than anything else, the exercise highlighted the need for more quantitative data on weed ecology and economics. Using the· estimates of area obtained from this model, cost information from the rubber vine survey and information gathered on research costs, a benefit-cost analysis framework was used to estimate a potential social net benefit from the present ongoing research programme. The model calculated this social net benefit to be $527.8 million, and proved to be insensitive to changes in the major variables. Taking into account the uncertainty attached to research, this figure is reduced to an expected social net benefit of $294.6 million. In conclusion, the government should recognize the large social benefits to be reaped from research into the control of declared and other noxious weeds, and allocate resources accordingly.
Regularity in Forex Returns During Financial Distress: Some Evidences From India

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT: The study of the dynamics of foreign exchange rates is of paramount importance to economic policy makers for developing countries like India that depend on foreign exchange to meet a large part of their import obligations. This paper uses the concepts of entropy to study the regularity/irregularity of the returns from the Indian Foreign exchange (forex) markets particularly during periods of economic instability. We use the Approximate Entropy and Sample Entropy statistics which measure the level of repeatability in the data are used to quantify the randomness in the forex returns for four major currencies namely the US Dollar, the British pound, the EURO and the Japanese Yen with respect to the Indian Rupee from the time period 2006 to 2021. These statistics are chosen as they are both statistical measures for assessing the randomness or regularity of time series data and enable researchers to objectively evaluate the degree of randomness present in the returns series and understand the crucial underlying patters or behaviors. In this research we look at two periods of major financial upheavals, the subprime crisis also known as the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) during 2006-2007 and the recent Covid-19 pandemic during 2020-2021. Our empirical results overwhelmingly confirm our working hypothesis that regularity in the returns of the major Indian foreign exchange rates increases during times of financial crisis. This is evidenced by a decrease in the values of the sample entropy and approximate entropy before and after/during the financial crisis period for the majority of the exchange rates. Our empirical results also show that Sample Entropy is a better measure of regularity than Approximate Entropy for the Indian forex rates which is in agreement with the theoretical predictions. Understanding the returns from foreign exchange rates during financial crises has important policy implications for various stakeholders, including market participants, policymakers, and regulators. It enables them to formulate better risk management and hedging strategies. It also helps policy makers in crisis management and contingency planning and safeguard the stability of the financial system. Exchange rate movements are interconnected across global markets, and crises often have cross-border implications. Collaborating on crisis management strategies across countries can help foster stability in international markets.
Social Implications of Adolescents Engaging with Racist Trends on TikTok

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines a racist TikTok trend titled “How’s My Form” in order to understand the possible motivations behind adolescent users and their engagement with the social networking platform, TikTok. Guided by uses and gratifications theory, the social implications of adolescent engagement with such trends are explored alongside notions of accountability. In doing so, the efficacy of current media literacy education is questioned in order to determine whether standards are keeping pace with technologically driven social changes. The role progressions of recent adolescent generations from passive consumers to active producers on social media will also be considered.
Pemetaan Daerah Rawan Longsor Menggunakan Machine Learning di Kecamatan Muara Tami, Kota Jayapura, Papua

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

One of the high landslide vulnerability areas in Indonesia is located in Muara Tami District, Jayapura City. The main factors triggering the landslide are steep slopes and high elevations. However, there are still several other factors that also influence the occurrence of landslides, such as vegetation, land cover, and curvature. Landslides that occur can cause damages to all parties, both material and non-material. Therefore, it is necessary to map landslide-prone areas as a non-structural mitigation planning. This planning is useful for identifying areas that are relatively safer from landslides so that the fatalities incurred can be minimized. In this mapping, several parameters are used that are thought to trigger landslides, then they are calculated by machine learning using the random forest method. Based on the parameters used, the eastern and northwestern areas have high slope and elevation values, high curvature contrast values, and dry land forest cover. These results indicate the high potential for landslide vulnerability in both parts of the study area. Meanwhile, areas with low potential for landslide vulnerability have a curvature of 0, a relatively low slope and elevation. The model accuracy value obtained by the random forest method is 0.9. This value is categorized as good enough because it shows that the parameters used are good enough in mapping landslide vulnerability in the study area. These results are also supported by the high sensitivity and specificity values ​​based on the ROC curve. Areas with high potential for landslide vulnerability are Mosso Village and the border between Skow Mabo, Skow Yambe, Koya Tengah, Koya Timur, and Holtekam. Meanwhile, areas with low landslide potential were Skow Sae Village, the central part of East Koya, the northern part of West Koya, and the southern part of Holtekam.
Different Prescription Fertilization of Sorbus sibirica

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Different prescription fertilization experiments of 3-year-old Sorbus sibirica were conducted.Result shows that different amount fertilization of nitrogen,phosphorus potassium had obvious effects on growth yield of Sorbus sibirica.In different N,P K fertilizer formulations,rational fertilization can accelerate growth,improve yield enhance cold resistance of species.Therefore,the fertilization ratio of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P2O5) potassium fertilizer(K2O) is 2∶1∶1,fertilizer rate is 80 g per plant,the urea,potassium dihydrogen phosphate potassium chloride of the optimal fertilizer rate per year is 174.75,108.75 83.25 kg·hm-2,respectively.
New Data on Oikozetetes (Mollusca, Halkieriidae) from the Lower Cambrian of South Australia

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A new species of Oikozetetes , O. mounti n. sp. is described from the upper Mernmerna Formation (equivalent to Cambrian Series 2) in the eastern Flinders Ranges, South Australia. Description of both shell morphotypes (morph A and B) from the same stratigraphic horizon favors the interpretation of a two-shelled scleritome for Oikozetetes . Identification of at least two types of halkieriid sclerite (palmates and siculates) in stratigraphic association with the Halkieria -like shells of Oikozetetes suggests that these elements are derived from the same scleritome. This provides evidence against previous suggestions that the Gondwanan species was aspiculate; the scleritome arrangement is interpreted to be similar to Halkieria evangelista Conway Morris and Peel, 1995 and supports placement in the family Halkieriidae Poulsen, 1967. Comparison of modes of accretionary growth in Oikozetetes shell morphotypes to Halkieria shells and terminal plates in modern polyplacophorans, supports a scleritome model that places shell morphs A and B in posterior and anterior locations, respectively, along the axis of the body.
Experimental Evaluation of the Driving Parameters in Human–Structure Interaction

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Many studies in the literature have already evidenced that pedestrians are able to change the dynamic properties of slender structures (e.g., footbridges and staircases). The aim of this paper is to analyse which pedestrians’ features mostly affect the structure behaviour, in order to properly account for them in a human–structure interaction problem, while disregarding the less relevant ones. This is accomplished by measuring the apparent mass (i.e., the frequency response function between the vibration of the structure at the contact point and the consequent force exerted by the pedestrian to the structure itself) curves of human bodies and coupling them to the dynamics of a slender structure. In more detail, this paper aims at analysing which factors must be accounted for among intra-subject variability (i.e., the dynamic behaviour of the same subject can change because it is characterised by a natural dispersion), inter-subject variability (i.e., different subjects have different dynamic behaviours) and the posture (i.e., the same subject changes posture during motion and this causes a change of his/her dynamic features). The influence of the apparent mass properties on the modal parameters of the hosting structure is addressed by means of a modal approach.
Exploring CO{sub 2} emissions reduction strategies

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Concern for potential climate change resulting from the greenhouse effect may be the biggest factor in energy planning in the 1990s. A 20% reduction in CO{sub 2}, the predominant greenhouse gas, has been proposed as a goal by several international and national groups. Its principal source is the combustion of fossil fuels. A substantial reduction in CO{sub 2} emissions in the first decade of the 21st century will require major shifts in energy planning and development in the 1990s. An energy systems model, MARKAL, is being used to meet specific CO{sub 2} reduction goals. This can provide a technological basis for economic and policy models designed to find the best policy instruments to induce technological and behavioral change. This report focuses on MARKAL results in the electric supply sector.
Cholesterol‐conjugated bovine serum albumin nanoparticles as a tamoxifen tumor‐targeted delivery system

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract In the present study, we introduced cholesterol (CLO)‐conjugated bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (BSA NPs) as a new system for indirect targeting drug delivery. Tamoxifen, as an anticancer drug, was loaded on BSA NPs (BSA‐TAX NPs); CLO was then conjugated to the BSA‐TAX NPs surface for the targeted delivery of NPs system, by 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide/N‐hydroxy succinimide carbodiimide chemistry (CLO‐BSA‐TAX NPs). The physicochemical properties, toxicity, in vitro, and in vivo biocompatibility of the BSA NPs system were characterized on cancer cell lines (4T1). The results revealed that the BSA NPs system has a regular spherical shape and negative zeta‐potential values. The drug release of BSA NPs system has shown controlled and pH‐dependent drug release behavior. BSA NPs system was biocompatible but it was potentially toxic on the cancer cell line. The CLO‐BSA‐TAX NPs exhibited higher toxicity against cancer cell lines than other NPs formulation (BSA NPs and BSA‐TAX NPs). It can be concluded that the CLO, as an indirect targeting agent, enhances the toxicity and specificity of NPs system on cancer cell lines. It could potentially be suitable approaches to targeting the tumors in clinical cancer therapy.
Explaining Parenting Stress among Adoptive Parents: The Contribution of Mindfulness, Psychological Flexibility, and Self-Compassion

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Although parenting stress has been identified as one of the most important and highly acceptable targets for postadoption psychological intervention, knowledge regarding the modifiable factors that contribute to explaining this outcome among adoptive parents remains scarce. This study aimed to explore whether and to what extent adoptive parents’ mindfulness, psychological flexibility, and self-compassion contribute to explaining parenting stress and to analyze whether this contribution varies according to children’s age, time passed since the adoptive placement, and the parents’ gender. Cross-sectional data from 302 Portuguese adoptive parents with children between 1 and 17 years old were collected online through self-response questionnaires. Controlling for a wide range of child-, adoption-, and parent-related variables, lower levels of mindfulness, psychological flexibility, and self-compassion were associated with higher levels of parenting stress. These associations were not moderated by children’s age, time passed since the adoptive placement, or the parents’ gender. The final regression model explained 50% of the variance in parenting stress. These results allow us to reflect on new guidelines for both preventive and remedial interventions with adoptive parents, given the apparent added value of promoting these psychological resources.
Quantum capacitance measurement of 2DEG

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Two-dimensional electron gas has various novel properties. This kind of electronic system like two-dimensional semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) and graphene are discovered with novel physical phenomena like valley Hall effect, Ising superconductivity and circular dichroism etc. In this thesis, the negative capacitance and inverse compressibility was studied on atomically thin molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>) based capacitance devices. And another technique to detect the quantum capacitance so called capacitance bridge was developed in our experiment through studying the graphene capacitance under large perpendicular magnetic field in cryogenic system. Introduction was to illustrate the basic lattice structure and electronic structure for both of our experimental materials. Electronic structure includes the energy dispersion and the density of states. Meanwhile several typical experiments were given to prove the existence of strong electron-electron interaction and negative compressibility in two-dimensional electron systems. In the end of the introduction, a brief explanation about Hartree-Fock approximation was described and showed how dimension will affect the exchange energy in electron system then induce such kind of negative capacitance. Some basic experiment and characteristic methods were given in chapter 2 and 3. To conduct the experiments, high quality of BN-materials-BN structure samples were fabricated by the try transfer method. In chapter 4, the negative capacitance effect which is induced by strong e-e interaction is focused. Our data showed how frequency and chemical potential will affect this effect. Then the penetration field data was shown and I gave my own suggest on the odd data. The last chapter shows the basic principle of capacitance bridge measurement. Then the 4-fold degeneracy of LL=0 Landau level was observed both by precise LCR meter and our homemade capacitance bridge.
PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN SCHOOL AND PARENTS – REALITY OR ILLUSION OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper deals with the issue of partnership between the teachers in the first triad of the compulsory nine-year school and the parents whose children attend the mentioned cycle within the current education reform in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH) with particular reference to the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton (HNC). The paper is based on a survey research (carried out at the end of 2009 and the first half of 2010) on attitudes of 571 parents from the FBiH and 145 from HNC, respectively, using a five-point Likert scale regarding 26 items. In both samples of parents – from the FBiH and HNC – so far there has been an evident negative attitude towards inclusive education, due to a lack of appropriate information, co-operation between relevant factors, readiness by schools (organisational, material issues) and teachers to carry out inclusive education tasks, its political background (“top-down “ model), etc. Therefore an urgent need is arising among all relevant subjects to work in synergy in order to provide decent and quality inclusive education, taking into account the benefit of all the children/pupils in general. Key words: co-operation, education reform, primary school, pupils with special needs, teachers.
The effectiveness of marketing concepts in veterinary practices.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

What makes pet owners chose one veterinary practice and not another? This survey was performed to gain insight into what factors influence new clients' choice of veterinary practice, and consequently the most effective way to promote veterinary practices. To this end, a questionnaire was completed by 129 pet owners who became new clients of one of eight selected veterinary practices in January 2005 or later. All selected practices are members of the Dierenartsen Dienstgroep Domstad, Utrecht, The Netherlands. This survey showed word-of-mouth referral to be the most effective way to increase a practice client base: 32.8% of all respondents first heard of their practice of choice through a fellow pet owner. Other pet owners first 'heard' of their practice by passing the practice (17.2%), seeing an advertisement in the Yellow Pages (14.1%), visiting the veterinary practice website (13.3%), and looking in the phone book (10.9%). These information sources should be considered for promotional activities. However this is not the case for advertisements in newspapers or magazines: none of the respondents became acquainted with the practice through these media. Respondents primarily based their choice on personnel and product (the total package of services and its quality) and less on location, but many prospective clients also based their choice on promotional activities and prices. Because pet owners apparently take so many aspects into consideration when choosing a veterinary practice, the marketing orientation (focusing on the client with her/his wishes and problems) is crucial.
Stacked Spirals for Biosensor Telemetry

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an inductive power transmission coil for biosensor-based telemetric implants. Using stacked spirals reduces the consumed space and the self-resonant frequency (SRF) of the spiral and the required power transmission frequency for the implanted device. A four-layer 15 mm × 15 mm spiral coil of seven turns is simulated in CST Microwave Studio (TM), constructed and tested in hardware with comparable results. Measurements also include the receipt of power inductively from an energized array of spirals powered by a Class-E transmitter at 27 MHz, and rectified to 1 V for biosensor applications.
Exploring behavioural and physiological interactions in a group-based emotional skill social robotic training for autism spectrum disorders

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This paper presents a study to explore the feasibility and efficacy of using the socially assistive robot, i.e. QTrobot, during a group-based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy protocol aimed at teaching emotional skills in children with autism. During treatment, both behavioural and physiological data were collected. The innovative aspect is the use of QTrobot with upper-body gestures and animated faces combined with physiological monitoring during emotional tasks. Preliminary results were presented and discussed. The study evidences the potential feasibility and efficacy of QTrobot combined with physiological sensors to track socio-emotional changes in children with ASD.
NEW DIRECTIONS FOR BOUNDARYLESS AND PROTEAN CAREERS: WHAT DO HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGERS MAKE DIFFERENTLY?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study seeks to present a guideline to human resources managers in order to help them while planning their employees’ careers. Survey method was conducted to 223 employees in foreign invested and domestic companies in order to determine their career attitudes (values-driven career attitude, self-directed career attitude, organizational mobility and boundaryless mindset), personality characteristics (career authenticity, openness to experience, proactive personality, goal orientation), and demographic indicators (gender, age, marital status, education, having children, job status, job turnover, organization tenure, job tenure). Our research consists of three sections. In first section there were no differences between foreign invested and domestic companies based on career attitudes preferences. In second section the results found support for that the people with “career authenticity” and “goal orientation” prefer “psychological satisfaction” while the people with “proactive personality” and “openness to experience” prefer “physical satisfaction”. In last section there were differences only between age groups and employees having children based on their career attitudes and personality characteristics.