jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Data from Radioimmunotherapy of Fibroblast Activation Protein Positive Tumors by Rapidly Internalizing Antibodies

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a serine protease that has emerged as a promising target for cancer therapy, either by direct abrogation of its proinvasive activity or by specific targeting of FAP-expressing cells with cytotoxic immunoconjugates. We aimed to select novel human–mouse cross-reactive antibodies and to test suitability for tumor therapy as radioimmunoconjugates in a preclinical model.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> Human Fab fragments that bind to human and murine FAP were selected from an antibody phage library. Two candidates (ESC11 and ESC14) were engineered into fully human IgG1 antibodies and further characterized. We investigated the intracellular trafficking of ESC11 and ESC14 in live cells by confocal microscopy and analyzed the biodistribution and therapeutic effects of anti-FAP antibodies labeled with the β-emitting radionuclide <sup>177</sup>Lu in a melanoma xenograft nude mouse model. Results were compared with vF19, a humanized variant of an anti-FAP antibody that has been previously used in clinical trials.</p><p><b>Results:</b> The two antibodies bound selectively to both human and mouse FAP, with affinities in the low nanomolar range. Binding to FAP-expressing melanoma cells resulted in rapid internalization of FAP-antibody complexes. <sup>177</sup>Lu-labeled ESC11 specifically accumulated in melanoma xenografts <i>in vivo</i>, with a higher tumor uptake than ESC14 and vF19. Radioimmunotherapy with 8 MBq <sup>177</sup>Lu-labeled anti-FAP antibodies delayed growth of established tumors, whereas <sup>177</sup>Lu-ESC11 extended mouse survival more pronounced than <sup>177</sup>Lu-ESC14 and <sup>177</sup>Lu-vF19.</p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> Our results show the potential of ESC11 and ESC14 as potent radioimmunoconjugates or antibody–drug conjugates for diagnostic and therapeutic use in patients with FAP-expressing tumors. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 18(22); 6208–18. ©2012 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Bacteriocin-Producing Enterococcus faecium LCW 44: A High Potential Probiotic Candidate from Raw Camel Milk

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Bacterial isolates from raw camel milk were screened for antibacterial activity using the agar diffusion assay. Ten isolates selected for their inhibition of Gram-positive bacteria were identified by 16S sequencing as Enterococcus faecium or durans. An isolate named E. faecium LCW 44 exhibited the broadest antibacterial spectrum with an inhibitory activity against several Gram-positive strains belonging to the genera Clostridium, Listeria, Staphylococcus, and Lactobacillus. E. faecium LCW 44 was shown to produce N-formylated enterocins L50A and L50B, as revealed by mass spectrometry and PCR analyses. This isolate did not harbor any of the virulence factors tested and was shown to be sensitive to all tested antibiotics. It showed high resistance to gastric and intestinal conditions (78 ± 4% survival). Its adhesion index was evaluated at 176 ± 86 and 24 ± 86 on Caco-2 cells and HT-29 cells, respectively, and it significantly reduced adhesion of Listeria monocytogenes by 65 and 49%, respectively. In Macfarlane broth (simulating the nutrient content of the colon), counts of L. monocytogenes were reduced by 2 log10 cycles after 24 h in co-culture with E. faecium LCW 44, compared to the increase of 4 log10 cycles when cultured alone. Comparison with a bacteriocin-non-producing mutant of E. faecium LCW 44 strongly suggests that inhibition of L. monocytogenes was due to bacteriocin production. Altogether, E. faecium LCW 44 thus has potential for use as a probiotic for humans and veterinary medicine.
Sounds and Things

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In Songhay, people use the senses of sound and taste-more than sight-to organizes sociocultural experience. In the past, more often than not, mainstream anthropologists have translated experiential categorization based on taste, smell, or sound into vision. The exceptions of performance theorists most ethnographic representations of other peoples are limited, and ethnographers all too often use the eye to see what the tongue has tasted or the ear has heard. In Songhay country, a sandy and arid steppe just south of the Sahara, most people do not seek the blistering sun; they move toward the soothing shade. And so for most Songhay a good communicative act would not bring out the sun; rather, it would bring clouds, rain, or, better yet, a storm. Healing among the Songhay usually takes place in the privacy of the practition-er's dwelling. Here, the healer, who can be either a sorko or a zima, will attempt to divine the illness and prescribe some sort of therapy.
Analysis of students' opinions on January 2009 campus strike at the University of Botswana

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper looks into the issues surrounding the students' strike at the University of Botswana in 2009. The variables considered included; gender, nationality, residence, attitude towards violence and support for the strike. There were 327 valid responses from the sample of 337 students across the departments and program levels. The Chi- square and Logistic Regression analyses were used to relate the variables. It was found that a culture of violence was brewing up among the male students in the university and there was poor communication between the students and the stakeholders which could have a negative effect on the long-term vision of the country.
Anti-GBM glomerulonephritis: a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) glomerulonephritis, which was among the earliest recognized human autoimmune diseases, is characterized by the presence of anti-GBM antibody. It has been a prototypical example of autoantibody-mediated autoimmune disease. However, decades of research on this disease, based either on clinical observations or experimental models, have revealed that T cell-mediated cellular immunity may potentially be a more important mediator of glomerulonephritis. We have made several breakthroughs in understanding the T cell-mediated mechanism causing this disease in a rat model based on Goodpasture's antigen, non-collagen domain 1 of alpha3 chain of type IV collagen (Col4alpha3NC1). We demonstrated that anti-GBM glomerulonephritis was induced by either passive transfer of Col4 alpha3NC1-specific T cells or active immunization with the nephritogenic T cell epitope of Col4alpha3NC1. Immunization with the T cell epitope also triggered production of anti-GBM antibodies to diversified GBM antigens. Thus, a single nephritogenic T cell epitope alone is sufficient to induce the clinical spectrum of anti-GBM glomerulonephritis, including proteinuria, glomerular injury, and anti-GBM antibody. A possible T cell-mediated mechanism for causing human anti-GBM disease is proposed.
Refeeding syndrome - two case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sindrom „refeeding“ (RF) definira se kao teski poreme}; ; ; aj prometa elektrolita i tekucine koji nastaje kao posljedica brze realimentacije neishranjene osobe. Glavno biokemijsko obilje`je RF-a je hipofosfatemija, uz poremecaj u ravnoteži vode i natrija, hipokalijemiju, hipomagnezijemiju, promjene u metabolizmu glukoze, masti i proteina te nedostatak tiamina. Klinicka slika je raznolika: od asimptomatskog poremecaja do simptoma disfunkcije raznih organskih sustava (mucnina, povracanje, hipotenzija, aritmije, kardiorespiratorna insuficijencija, neuroloski simptomi) sve do kome i smrti. U prevenciji RF-a kljucno je prepoznati bolesnike pod visokim rizikom: osobe sa zanemarivim unosom hrane duljim od pet dana, kronicnom neishranjenoscu, povecanim metabolickim potrebama (tumorska bolest, operacijski zahvat). U njih hranjenje treba poceti s najvise 50% dnevnih energetskih potreba, uz postupno povecavanje tijekom 4-7 dana i klinicko i biokemijsko pracenje. Cilj ovog rada je prikazati dvoje djece s RF-om i skrenuti pozornost na važnost pravilnog uvo|enja prehrane kod tesko neishranjene djece. Bolesnik 1: Osmogodisnji djecak primljen je u bolnicu zbog visemjesecnog gubitka na tjelesnoj masi, proljeva i povracanja. Kod dolaska je bio malaksao, blijed i neishranjen (Z vrijednostTM za dob -4, 3 SD ; BMI=10, 9 kg/m2 ; Z vrijednost -6, 8 SD). Nalazi su uputili na anemiju (hemoglobin 101 g/L), metabolicku acidozu (pH 7, 143, HCO3 12, 5mmol/L, BE -16, 2 mmol/L) i hipoalbuminemiju (29 g/L). Zapoceta je parenteralna nadoknada tekucine i elektrolita, a nakon dokazane celijakije i bezglutenska prehrana, ali za nekoliko dana razvio je hipofosfatemiju (0, 28 mmol/L).Nakon parenteralne korekcije hipofosfatemije enteralni unos se pove}; ; ; avao vrlo postupno. Bolesnik 2: Desetogodi{; ; ; nja djevojcica sa cerebralnom paralizom hospitalizirana je zbog hematemeze. Kod prijma je bila blijeda i izrazito neishranjena (Z vrijednost TM za dob -7, 9 SD ; BMI=9, 4 kg/m2 ; Z vrijednost -9, 5 SD). Nalazi su upucivali na tesku anemiju (hemoglobin 27g/L, hematokrit 0, 11), zbog cega je primila transfuziju eritrocita. Zbog slabog unosa hrane na usta, zapoceta je djelomicna parenteralna prehrana, uz enteralnu prehranu na nazogastricnu sondu. Ubrzo su vrijednosti serumskog fosfata pale na 0, 68 mmol/L, a kalija na 2, 9 mmol/L, sto se parenteralno korigiralo. Enteralna prehrana se dalje vrlo postupno povecavala, a parenteralna ukinula. Prikazano je dvoje tesko neishranjene djece koja su razvila RF unutar nekoliko dana od zapocinjanja prehrane, a oporavak je uslijedio uz intravensku korekciju elektrolita i vrlo postupno uvođenje hrane. Buduci da je rijec o potencijalno fatalnom poremecaju, rano prepoznavanje bolesnika s rizikom, pracenje elektrolita tijekom hranjenja i postupno uvođenje prehrane osnove su uspjesnog lijecenja.
A simple method for preserving environmental DNA in water samples at ambient temperature by addition of cationic surfactant

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis is a powerful tool within ecology for the study of the distribution or abundance of aquatic species, although the simplification of water sampling is required for enabling light and fast field sampling to expand further application of eDNA analysis. Here, certain candidate chemicals belonging to the group of cationic surfactants were examined for their effectiveness as preservatives for eDNA water samples by simply adding the chemicals to water samples to suppress the degradation of eDNA. The quaternary ammonium compound benzalkonium chloride (BAC) at a final concentration of 0.01% was effective to retain 92% of eDNA derived from the bluegill sunfish Lepomis macrochirus in an 8-h incubation test at ambient temperature, which assumed a transportation of water samples in 1-day field sampling during the daytime. Meanwhile, eDNA in water samples without BAC retained only 14% of the initial eDNA. Moreover, an additional long-term incubation test (up to 10 days) revealed BAC-treated samples retained ~70 and 50% of bluegill DNA compared to the initial amount after 1- and 10-day incubation at ambient temperature, respectively. Meanwhile, eDNA in naïve samples reduced to 20% after 1-day incubation and reached undetectable levels after 10 days. Up to now, many eDNA studies have adopted on-site filtration followed by filter fixation, which requires many pieces of equipment. Addition of BAC can protect eDNA in water samples with less effort and equipment resulting in an increase of measurement accuracy of the eDNA quantity and detection probability of rare species by preventing the disappearance of rare sequences in water samples.
Formation of self-assembled heteroepitaxial islands in elastically anisotropic films

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The formation of self-assembled heteroepitaxial islands in elastically anisotropic cubic films is investigated by a three-dimensional dynamic method. In the formulation, the {100} film surfaces evolve through surface diffusion driven by the gradient of the surface chemical potential. Our simulations reveal that when the elastic anisotropic strength A [A is defined as ${2C}_{44}{/(C}_{11}\ensuremath{-}{C}_{12}),$ where ${C}_{11},$ ${C}_{12},$ and ${C}_{44}$ are elastic constants] is larger than 1 the formed islands are preferentially aligned along 〈100〉 directions, while when A is smaller than 1 the formed islands are preferentially aligned along the 〈110〉 directions. It is found that the stronger the elastic anisotropy, the stronger the island self-assembly. In addition, the island alignment and averaged island spacing right after island formation are found to be related to the smallest fastest surface instability wavelength of the elastically anisotropic films.
Some fundamental aspects of fault-tree and digraph-matrix relationships for a systems-interaction evaluation procedure

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Recent events, such as Three Mile Island-2, Brown's Ferry-3, and Crystal River-3, have demonstrated that complex accidents can occur as a result of dependent (common-cause/mode) failures. These events are now being called Systems Interactions. A procedure for the identification and evaluation of Systems Interactions is being developed by the NRC. Several national laboratories and utilities have contributed preliminary procedures. As a result, there are several important views of the Systems Interaction problem. This report reviews some fundamental mathematical background of both fault-oriented and success-oriented risk analyses in order to bring out the advantages and disadvantages of each. In addition, it outlines several fault-oriented/dependency analysis approaches and several success-oriented/digraph-matrix approaches. The objective is to obtain a broad perspective of present options for solving the Systems Interaction problem.
Bitter Medicine: A Graphic Memoir of Mental Illness

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In 1976, Ben Martini was diagnosed with Schizophrenia. A decade later, his brother Olivier was told he had the same disease. The past thirty years have seen the Martini family struggle to understand and cope with a devastating illness, frustrated at turns by a health care system lacking in resources and empathy, the imperfect science of medication, and the strain of mental illness on familial relationships. Throughout it all, Olivier, an accomplished visual artist, drew - sketches, comic strips, portraits - documenting his own experience and capturing the essence of a very misunderstood disease. Bitter Medicine places Olivier's graphic narrative alongside a written account of the past three decades by his younger brother, and award-winning playwright, Clem Martini. Together, the two brothers face head-on the stigma attached to mental illness and reveal a very human reality. Shot through with wry humour and unapologetic in its politics. Bitter Medicine is the story of the Martini family, an intimate portrait of illness, and an important and timely call for action.
Do Governmental Tax Reliefs for Investment Lead to Investment Efficiency and Sustainability for SMEs? Evidence From South Korea

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Tax credits for investment in productivity enhancement facilities, R&D facilities, and employment-creating initiatives are available to corporate taxpayers in Korea. These incentives are intended to motivate corporations to invest by providing financial support to improve their efficiency and help sustain their survival. This study aims to analyze whether corporations that claim investment tax credits (ITCs) in Korea actually achieve investment efficiency and increase corporate value. This study’s results are as follows. First, based on the statistical analysis of samples from small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and all corporations, we find empirical evidence that investments through claimed tax credits are inefficient from the standpoint of Tobin’s Q. This finding may be interpreted to mean that corporate taxpayers, including SMEs, consider tax savings more than investment efficiency in claiming ITCs. Second, in testing the investment efficiency for each ITC, we find that SMEs’ investment via employment-creating ITCs is more efficient than other investments with tax credits. This finding implies that SMEs should not only invest in physical facilities, but also retain human resources for sustainability. These results provide policy implications that employment creation should be considered when granting ITCs for SMEs’ efficient investments.
[Neurinoma of the ulnar nerve detected by ultrasonography: case report and discussion].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The author describes the observation of nervus ulnaris neurinoma in a 10-year boy, who manifested the tumour clinically as a palpation -sensitive resistance. It was represented in the ultrasonographic picture as a sharply demarcated ovoid lesion of strongly hypo-echogenic character, homogenous echo-structure, while distal enhancement was mildly expressed behind the tumour. Based on the analysis of literature data the author discusses in detail ultrasonographic picture of tumours of peripheral nerves.
Audience-Based Brand Equity: A Research on “Women's Tennis Association Championships Istanbul 2013”

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Sports organizations, apart from being a product of the popular culture, through their increasing economic contributions and social functions, they have become a global industry. The sectoral structure of sports reveals the strategies for consistently purchasing by consumers. In this context, the strategy in the research’s literature is called as consumer-based brand equity and it is adapted with the name “Audience-based Brand Equity” for the sports sector. So in this research it is aimed to analyze “Audience-based Brand Equity” by measuring brand equity under the “WTA Championships 2013” tennis tournament and adapt it to sports marketing literature. Therefore, the perception of the sports consumer had been tried to be measured by using the “Audience-based Brand Equity”, by a research performed on “WTA Championships 2013” tennis tournament. By using a questionnaire form, a research data-set had been obtained. In order to test obtained-data, confirmatory factor analysis, multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis and structual equation modeling were used. The findings obtained by research support, the elements of audience-based brand equity for the “WTA Championships Istanbul 2013”. Thus, a result has been achieved that the quaternary structure existing in research model and forming the audience-based brand equity is valid and reliable.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Two New Analogues of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)D-alanine8 and D-alanine

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

So far synthesis of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) analogues reported in the literature has clarified some aspects of structural activity of the naturally released GnRH. As a part of continuing efforts for further understanding of this relationship, the present investigation was undertaken which involved synthesis and biological evaluation of two GnRH analogues, firstly, by replacement of the amino acid L-Argenine in the 8th position at the backbone structure of the natural hormone by the amino acid D-Alanine; and secondly, by replacement of the amino acid L-Glycine in the 10th position by D-Alanine also at the backbone structure of the nature hormone, to obtain the following analogues respectively: PGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-DAla-Pro-Gly-NH2 (Analogue I: D-Alanine8 GnRH), PGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-DAla-NH2 (Analogue II: D-Alanine10 GnRH), which were synthesized by applying conventional solution method. Peptides were purified by several recrystallization using appropriate solvent and proved to be homogenous. Conformity of the synthetic procedure was achieved by applying different physico-chemical analyses including Melting Point (mp), Thin Layer Chromatography (Tlc.), Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), Elemental Analysis (CHN), Amino Acid Analysis (AAA), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (H1NMR).Preliminary biological activity of the two analogues was determined by testing their effects of parenteral administration on ascorbic acid depletion from the ovary of pseudopregnant mice and compared with that of natural GnRH hormone. Analogue II showed significant ascorbic acid depletion as compared to the native hormone while the percentage in ascorbic acid depletion after administration of analogue I were not significant as compared to the native hormone. Key Words: Gonadotropine releasing hormone, Peptide synthesis, Biological activity of GnRH
MEDICINE IN ORTHOPAEDICS: A ROLE FOR THE RHEUMATOLOGIST?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In a seven-month period 102 patients admitted for elective orthopaedic surgery (total hip replacement for more than 50%) were referred for a medical opinion, and more than 70% were seen preoperatively. Twenty-nine patients were considered unfit for operation for a variety of different reasons, but after suitable treatment surgery was possible for most of this group. General practitioners and surgeons alike provided insufficient information prior to admission, and this resulted in postponement of operations. A wide variety of conditions was seen pre- and post-operatively, and a very high level of diagnostic criticism was maintained by orthopaedic junior staff but management of certain metabolic conditions was poor. As the number of elderly patients requiring joint replacement surgery increases, great care must be exercised in preoperative assessment in order to maintain an economic service. Combined orthopaedic and rheumatology consultation might be advantageous.
The broad-appeal strategy and policy representation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Political parties frequently appeal broadly to different groups of voters with diverse preferences. However, the policy implications of this strategy are not yet understood. On the one hand, governments that appeal broadly may overextend their policy program and be unable to deliver on their promises. On the other hand, broad-appealing governments may focus on presenting different groups of voters with policy packages that are deliverable in order not to be punished by them in future elections. This article tests between these possibilities with data on social policy outputs, comparative manifesto data, and four different measures of government broad-appeals. The empirical analysis demonstrates that there is clear correspondence between what governments say they will do and what they actually do, regardless of how broadly they appeal. This suggests that the broad-appeal strategy does not undermine the democratic mandate theory’s vision of how democracy should work.
Levels of Aggression in Fluctuating Populations of the Prairie Vole, Microtus ochrogaster, in Eastern Kansas

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Levels of aggression, as seen through wounding, were examined throughout a density cycle of the prairie vole, Microtus ochrogaster, in eastern Kansas. Biweekly samples yielded 640 live-trapped voles for which reproductive and wounding assessments were made over a 23-mont:b period. At autopsy, the everted skin was examined for evidence of puncture wounds and scars caused by attacks from other small mammals. Wounds were graded by a wounding index and analyses performed by Chi-square tests. Levels of wounding were comparatively great in the winter season, in periods of intense reproduction, among males, and among adults. A model of population regulation based on the observed patterns of wounding is proposed.