jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mathematical Modeling of a Flat Plate Solar Collector with Eutectic Salts as Phase Change Material

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Solar energy is the most promising heat source for meeting energy demand without having negative impact on the environment. Solar energy is, however, intermittent in nature and time dependent energy source. In order to mitigate the intermittent supply of solar energy for water heating, the use of phase change material (PCM) comes into play. The PCM acts as a heat source for the solar heating system when the intensity of the solar radiation is low or no longer active. Knowledge about the thermal effectiveness of solar collector with PCM is paramount. So, this study developed a mathematical model to evaluate the thermal behavior of a flat plate solar collector integrated with a phase change material (PCM). This mathematical model developed for the flat-plate with PCM was based upon the conservation and heat transfer equations and used to predict the thermal behavior of integrated phase change material in solar collector during thermal storage. The energy balance equations for the flat-plate heating components of the collector and PCM were formulated numerically. The model was used to investigate the effect of inlet water temperature, water mass flow rate, outlet water temperature and the melt fraction during charging and discharging modes at each of the respective nodes. A comparison was made with a collector with and without PCM. The results show that charging and discharging processes of PCM have multiple stages. The addition of PCM in the first stage causes a decrease in temperature during charging and an increase during discharging. The highest water temperatures reached for the collector without and with a phase change material were approximately 51 and 74°C respectively Comparisons were also made between the simulated and experimental data for the solar water heater without and with PCM. Minimum inlet water temperatures of 41.54 and 36°C were observed for the simulated and experimental model while, 42.69 and 74°C were both recorded for outlet temperatures respectively, for solar water heater without PCM. For the solar water heater with PCM, the inlet temperatures for the simulation and experimental model were found to be 42°C and 56°C respectively. A maximum outlet water temperature of 108°C was obtained from the experimental model compared to 45°C obtained from simulation. The temperature of the hot water obtained was remarkable and sufficiently enough for many domestic and industrial applications. Finally, the solar water heating system with phase change materials finds useful application and acts as a renewable energy resource in regions where there is inconsistent or poor sunlight.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 7,8,9,10‐Tetrahydropyrido(3′,4′:4,5)pyrrolo(2,3‐c)quinolines.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The 4‐chloroquinolines (I) are substituted with the hydrazines (II) to form the 4‐hydrazinoquinolines (III) which undergo ring closure with the piperidinone (IV) to yield the pyridopyrroloquinolines (VI).
SH1368994.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Additional file 1 of Amikacin pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic in intensive care unit: a prospective database

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Additional file 1: Table S1. Comparison of patients and treated infections based on the Cmax/CMI ratio. Data presented in n (%) or median [min–max]. Table S2. Comparison of patients and treated infections according to clinical outcome on D8 evaluated by SOFA score. Data presented in n (%) or median [min–max]. Table S3. Comparison of patients and infections treated according to mortality on D28. Data presented in n (%) or median [min–max]. Table S4. PK/PD parameters observed in intensive care unit (recent studies). Figure S1. MICs distribution of all bacteria identified and considered responsible for infections
A Study on the Optimization of FDM Parameters for the Manufacturing of Compression Specimens from recycled ASA in the Context of the Transition to the Circular Economy

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The present study investigates the optimization of the FDM parameters, that is, the height of the deposited layer in one pass (Lh) and the filling percentage (Id), for the manufacture of compression specimens from recycled ASA (rASA) in the context of transitioning to the circular economy. The Anycubic 4Max Pro 2.0 3D printer was utilized, where compression specimens were additively manufactured from rASA 45 using the following variable parameters: Lh = 0.10 mm, 0.15 mm, and 0.20 mm, and Id = 50%, 75%, and 100%. All compression specimens were tested on the Barrus White 20 kN universal testing machine. It was found that the Compressive strength (Cs) is influenced by the two considered variable parameters of the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Lh and Id, but the overwhelmingly influencing parameter is Id. According to the results of the FDM parameter optimization for the manufacture of compression specimens from rASA, Lh = 0.10 mm and Id = 100%.
A New Class of Analog Precoding for Multi-Antenna Multi-User Communications Over High-Frequency Bands

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A network relying on a large antenna-array-aided base station is designed for delivering multiple information streams to multi-antenna users over high-frequency bands such as the millimeter-wave and sub-Terahertz bands. The state-of-the-art analog precoder (AP) dissipates excessive circuit power due to its reliance on a large number of phase shifters. To mitigate the power consumption, we propose a novel AP relying on a controlled number of phase shifters. Within this new AP framework, we design a hybrid precoder (HP) for maximizing the users’ minimum throughput, which poses a computationally challenging problem of large-scale, nonsmooth mixed discrete-continuous log-determinant optimization. To tackle this challenge, we develop an algorithm which iterates through solving convex problems to generate a sequence of HPs that converges to the max-min solution. We also introduce a new framework of smooth optimization termed soft max-min throughput optimization. Additionally, we develop another algorithm, which iterates by evaluating closed-form expressions to generate a sequence of HPs that converges to the soft max-min solution. Simulation results reveal that the HP soft max-min solution approaches the Pareto-optimal solution constructed for simultaneously optimizing both the minimum throughput and sum-throughput. Explicitly, it achieves a minimum throughput similar to directly maximizing the users’ minimum throughput and it also attains a sum-throughput similar to directly maximizing the sum-throughput.
[A case of dumbbell neurogenic tumors of the mediastinum].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 49-year-old man was admitted for the further examination of the abnormal shadow of the left posterior mediastinum, which was incidentally detected on routine chest X-ray. He has no complaints, and no abnormalities on neurological examination. Thoracic spine X-ray showed the destruction of the T12 vertebral body and the dilatation of the left intervertebral foramen between T12 and L1. Myelography showed no abnormalities, but contrast-enhanced CT scanned just after myelography revealed the extradural dumbbell-formed tumor. One stage removal of the tumor was safely performed through left posterolateral thoracotomy and transthoracic partial laminectomy. Postoperative course was uneventful. The tumor was histologically schwannoma, originated from the left thoracic sympathetic trunk. We think that this procedure is available for the operation of a kind of dumbbell tumor of the posterior mediastinum.
Reviewer #3 (Public Review): Extensive re-modelling of the cell wall during the development of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The bloodstream represents a hostile environment that bacteria must overcome to cause bacteraemia. To understand how the major human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus manages this we have utilised a functional genomics approach to identify a number of new loci that affect the ability of the bacteria to survive exposure to serum, the critical first step in the development of bacteraemia. The expression of one of these genes, tcaA, was found to be induced upon exposure to serum, and we show that it is involved in the elaboration of a critical virulence factor, the wall teichoic acids (WTA), within the cell envelope. The activity of the TcaA protein alters the sensitivity of the bacteria to cell wall attacking agents, including antimicrobial peptides, human defence fatty acids, and several antibiotics. This protein also affects the autolytic activity and lysostaphin sensitivity of the bacteria, suggesting that in addition to changing WTA abundance in the cell envelope, it also plays a role in peptidoglycan crosslinking. With TcaA rendering the bacteria more susceptible to serum killing, while simultaneously increasing the abundance of WTA in the cell envelope, it was unclear what effect this protein may have during infection. To explore this, we examined human data and performed murine experimental infections. Collectively, our data suggests that whilst mutations in tcaA are selected for during bacteraemia, this protein positively contributes to the virulence of S. aureus through its involvement in altering the cell wall architecture of the bacteria, a process that appears to play a key role in the development of bacteraemia.
‘Live like a college student’: student loan debt and the college experience

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this chapter, Denise Goerisch’s explores how processes of neoliberalisation and austerity result in profound forms of strain, tension and anxiety for many young people. The chapter explores the transformative impacts of educational neoliberalisation and austerian budget cuts in North American Higher Education, particularly emphasising the proliferation of student debt. Through ethnographic research with students at a Wisconsin college the chapter charts some of the troubling, complex ways in which debt has come to be closely entangled with many young people’s lives, at the same time that sources of support for indebted students have been significantly dis-invested. The chapter suggests that experiences of debt pervade practically every aspect of young people’s experiences, homes, education and family lives. However, the chapter also shows how media and political discourses about student debt in the USA remain wedded to an idealised, rosy imaginary of student lifestyles, plus aspirational expectations of students as future workers/consumers, overlooking young people’s own, present-day experiences as ‘indebted subjects’.
The development of the pattern of retinal ganglion cells in the chick retina: mechanisms that control differentiation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Neurons in both vertebrate and invertebrate eyes are organized in regular arrays. Although much is known about the mechanisms involved in the formation of the regular arrays of neurons found in invertebrate eyes, much less is known about the mechanisms of formation of neuronal mosaics in the vertebrate eye. The purpose of these studies was to determine the cellular mechanisms that pattern the first neurons in vertebrate retina, the retinal ganglion cells. We have found that the ganglion cells in the chick retina develop as a patterned array that spreads from the central to peripheral retina as a wave front of differentiation. The onset of ganglion cell differentiation keeps pace with overall retinal growth; however, there is no clear cell cycle synchronization at the front of differentiation of the first ganglion cells. The differentiation of ganglion cells is not dependent on signals from previously formed ganglion cells, since isolation of the peripheral retina by as much as 400 μm from the front of ganglion cell differentiation does not prevent new ganglion cells from developing. Consistent with previous studies, blocking FGF receptor activation with a specific inhibitor to the FGFRs retards the movement of the front of ganglion cell differentiation, while application of exogenous FGF1 causes the precocious development of ganglion cells in peripheral retina. Our observations, taken together with those of previous studies, support a role for FGFs and FGF receptor activation in the initial development of retinal ganglion cells from the undifferentiated neuroepithelium peripheral to the expanding wave front of differentiation.
Reconstrucción histórica y geoespacial de un sector de la ruta alternativa del ferrocarril al Atlántico (años 1871-1873), denominada: “línea de Fajardo”, en un área geográfica asociada con los valles de Orosi y de Ujarrás, Cartago, Costa Rica

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This work consists of a historical and geospatial reconstruction, using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), of a sector of the alternative route of the Costa Rican Atlantic railway called “Fajardo line,” built between 1871-1873 and later abandoned. It was promoted by the government of Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez and executed by the North American contractor Henry Meiggs Keith. At the time, this work included, geographically, the north and west of the colonial valleys of Orosi and Ujarrás, respectively, in the province of Cartago. This research covered the compilation of documents (historical) and geospatial inputs, as well as the identification, analysis, and integration, through GIS, of construction traces of civil works and evidence of associated anthropic activity, within the study area. As a result, it was possible to geospatially reconstruct the original railway route in the geographic sector of interest through a reliable, methodological integration of the different identified evidence.
Psychological care reflecting the specifics of the course of viral infection in SARS-CoV-2 oncological patients with oxygenation disorder – a case series

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

As cytokine IL-6 regulates induction of CRP gene expression, the changes in IL-6 concentrations associated with anxiety symptoms and breath shortening in the observed cluster can be detected hours earlier than changes in CRP levels, with a diagnostic implication for the clinicians. The SARS-CoV-2 patients with oncological diseases treated in our ICU asked for personal bedside contact with clinical psychologists, considered it irreplaceable and reported this psychological care as beneficial.
Development of Cerebral Metastasis after Medical and Surgical Treatment of Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Squamous cell carcinoma of the anus is a relatively uncommon GI malignancy. When it does occur, it metastasizes in only a small minority of patients. Spread of anal squamous cell carcinoma to the brain is exceedingly rare, and has been previously reported only three times in the medical literature. We report the case of a 67 year old male who was diagnosed on presentation with a poorly differentiated anal squamous cell carcinoma that already had a solitary metastasis to the liver. While the tumors were initially responsive to chemoradiotherapy, the patient’s primary and liver lesions recurred. The patient then underwent synchronous abdominoperineal resection for the primary lesion and a liver lobectomy for the metastasis. Soon thereafter, the patient developed focal neurologic symptoms and was found to have an intracranial lesion that on biopsy demonstrated metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. This case highlights the fact that patients with a previous history of anal squamous cell carcinoma can occasionally develop cerebral metastasis. Furthermore, cerebral metastases from anal squamous cell carcinoma portend a dismal prognosis even in the face of aggressive medical and surgical therapy.
Decays of M2 Baryonium States and a New Scheme of Baryonium Assignment

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Assuming the existence of M2 baryonium states, which have a structure of a large closed string and a quark-antiquark pair, we study their decay properties on the basis of duality and unitarity. It is shown that M2 decays involving tree-type hadrons are strongly suppressed by a mechanism similar to the small breaking of the OZI rule in conventional meson decays, while the decay into two M2's is not suppressed. The total width of an M2 state is then narrow below the lowest two-M2 threshold, say 3 GeV. A new scheme of baryonium assignment is suggested: Below 3 GeV observed narrow states are assigned to M2 states and wide ones to M4 states.
Ethnoveterinary Study of Medicinal Plants in a Tribal Society of Sulaiman Range

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The aims of the present study were (i) to document ethnoveterinary plants and their formulation techniques in an unexplored region of Pakistan and (ii) to select candidate medicinal plants with high consensus factor and fidelity value for further in vitro investigation. A total of 60 informants were interviewed using semistructured questionnaire. A total of 41 plants belonging to 30 families were used to treat livestock ailments in study area. Mostly leaves (47%) were used in recipes formulation mostly in the form of decoction. Gastrointestinal infections were found more common and majority of the plants were used against cow (31) and buffaloes (24) ailments. Recovery time of majority of the recipes was three to four days. Informant consensus factor (Fic) results have shown a high degree of consensus for gastrointestinal, respiratory, and reproductive (0.95 each) ailments. Fidelity level (FL) results showed that Asparagus gracilis ranked first with FL value 93% followed by Rumex hastatus ranked second (91%) and Tinospora cordifolia ranked third (90%). Aged farmers and nomads had more traditional knowledge as compared to younger ones. Plants with high Fic and FL values could be further investigated in vitro for the search of some novel bioactive compounds and young generation should be educated regarding ethnoveterinary practices.
Technology in Emulsified Particle Size Control by New Mixing Method

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

近年, 撹拌羽根を用いた撹拌機のみでなく, メディアを用いた湿式微粒化機や超高圧ジェットを活用した超微粒化機などが多用されているが, 多くの問題点を抱えており, 早期解決が望まれてきた。この問題解決に, 撹拌羽根を用いた撹拌機のコンセプトを崩さず取り組み開発されたのが, 薄膜旋回方式という撹拌方法である。これまでの高速撹拌機では撹拌羽根がおよそ周速30m/sを超えると, 処理物に撹拌エネルギーを与えられない「空運転」や「ボルテックス」と呼ばれる状態が起こるため, 微粒化に不可欠である高速化に限界があった。これに対し, 『薄膜旋回方式』と名づけられたフィルミックスの原理は, 周速50m/sを超える高速域でも, 処理物に撹拌エネルギーを与えることが可能であり, サブミクロン・数ナノメーターサイズまで微粒化ができることがわかった。さらに, これまでの撹拌機とは異なる撹拌エネルギーの投与方式は, 粒度分布を単分散に近いシャープな形にそろえたり, 分散後も液滴が再凝集しない等の特徴もみられた。
Study on bioequiavailability of prulifloxacin capsules in human

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To investigate the bioequivalence of oral administration of prulifloxacin capsules.Methods A single oral dose of 264.2 mg(equivalent to 200 mg of active component)tested and reference prulifloxacin was given to 20 volunteers in a randomized CROSS-over in an empty stomach.The plasma concentration of NM394(an active metabolite of prulifloxacin)was determined bv HPLC-FLD.Balofloxacin was used as internal standard.Results The main pharmacokinetic parameters of the tested and reference agents were as follows:Tmax was(0.86±0.34)h and(0.93±0.41)h,respectively;Cmax was (1.793±0.578)mg/L and(1.715±0.656)mg/L;respectively T1/2 was(7.98±1.11)h and(8.06±1.44)h respectively;AUC(0-t)was(6.573±1.630)μg·h·ml-1 and(6.576±2.056)μg·h·ml-1 respectively;AUC(0-∞)was(6.858+1.610)μg·h·ml-1and(6.865±2.042)/μg·h·ml-1.There was no significant difference in main pharmacokinetic parameters between two preparations.The relative bioavailability of the tested prulifloxacin capsule was(109.2±40.7)%.Conclusions The two prulifloxacin preparations are bioequivalent in healthy human.

Key words:
Prulifloxacin; NM394; Bioequivailabmty
Sticker Emoticons Used in LINE Messenger; A Semantic Study

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper is entitled Sticker Emoticons Used in LINE Messenger; A Semantic Study. This study aims to identify and discuss visual, verbal signs and analyze the meaning and relationship between verbal and visual signs applied of sticker emoticon in the LINE messenger. The reason for choosing sticker emoticons is that they have great visualization that can present the human feelings in sending instant message as a media of communication. The data source was sticker emoticon from LINE group namely “SEVEN’ICHI”. In collecting the data, the method used is documentation. The data were taken from the screenshots of the messages using sticker emoticon. The collected data were qualitative analyzed based on the theories applied in this study, namely the theory of semiotics proposed by Saussure, and theory of sign proposed by Peirce. The data were presented in the form of table and description. The result of the analysis shows that there are two types of sticker emoticons found in Line messenger, big and small sizes. The difference of those could be seen from the size in which the big ones are created in the full body size while the small ones are only in the form of the heads.The signs consist of signifier and signified on verbal and visual sign. There were 21 verbal and visual signs found in this study, as well as Representamen, Object and Interpretant. In this study the sticker emoticons in LINE Messenger mean carry, happiness, sadness, satire, mental activities and physical activity. A sign cannot have a totally meaningless signifier or a completely formless signified and it cannot stand alone (Saussure 1983, 101; Saussure 1974, 102-103).