jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological reactivation of RBL2/p130 could be an effective antitumoral strategy for malignant pleural mesothelioma

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive tumor developing from the mesothelium covering the body cavities. The most common MM type affects the pleura surrounding the lungs. MM is mainly associated with asbestos exposure. At present, no curative modalities are effective against MM exist. The molecular mechanisms underlying MM development seem to depend mostly on the inactivation of tumor suppressors, among which also the dysfunction of the retinoblastoma (RB) protein pathway that is a hallmark of cancers. We previously demonstrated that RBL2/p130 is a direct AKT target and its reactivation following AKT inhibition mediates apoptosis in MM. So, we hypothesize that concomitant inhibition of CDK and AKT activity, both converging on the reactivation of RBL2/p130 tumor suppressor role, synergize in counteracting MM. We first assessed, through an MTS assay, the effect of three new generation CDK inhibitors (CDKi), palbociclib, ribociclib, abemaciclib, on the cell viability of MM (NCI‐H28, IST‐MES TWO, NCI‐H2452, MMB, MSTO‐211H, NCI‐H2052) and immortalized human normal mesothelial (MET‐5A) cells at 72h. Then, to verify whether CDKi exerted long‐term cell growth inhibition, we performed clonogenic assays upon treatment of all the MM All the MM and mesothelial cell lines. Finally, we also examined, by MTS, the possible synergistic effects of abemaciclib in combination with an AKT inhibitor (AKT1/2 VIII). Our preliminary data show that ribociclib and palbociclib only moderately reduce viability of the MPM cells, whereas abemaciclib shows cytotoxic effects at very low doses in all MM cell lines. Abemaciclib treatment induces a dose‐dependent cytotoxic effect in all the MM cell lines without meaningfully affecting the normal mesothelial cells. Interestingly, abemaciclib also induced a cytotoxic effect in the most aggressive histotype, the sarcomatoid NCI‐H2052 cells. To verify whether abemaciclib exerted long‐term cell growth inhibition, we performed clonogenic assays upon treatment with IC50 of abemaciclib and found that the CDKi dramatically reduced colony formation in all the MM cell lines. We also examined, by MTS, the possible synergistic effects of abemaciclib in combination with a kinase AKT inhibitor (iAKT1/2 VIII), so we treated the MM cell lines for 72 h with the two agents, both alone and in combination, at five different concentrations, in a constant ratio. The cell viability data were evaluated through the Chou–Talalay method and showed a strong synergism revealing a combination index (CI) values < 1 for all cell. Although reactivating oncosoppressor genes is difficult to achieve because they are hardly ‘druggable’, our preliminary findings will provide the rationale for pharmacological strategies able to unleash RBL2/p130 tumor suppressor potential. The pharmacological reactivation of RBL2/p130 could be an effective strategy against MM, which can be rapidly implemented in the clinical practice.
Analysis of Home Literacy Environment in Chilean Families of Children with Down Syndrome

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Home Literacy Environment (HLE) plays a fundamental role in the development of reading and writing skills in children. Evidence suggests differences in HLE components based on cultural and idiosyncratic characteristics. Most studies show a relationship between contextual variables with the quality of HLE in typically developing (TD) children. There are HLE studies with families of children with Down syndrome (DS) that show similar results, but the characteristics of HLE for Latin-American families of children with DS remain unexplored. This study analyses the HLE in a group of 161 families of children with DS, between 3 and 12 years of age, living in urban areas of Chile. Data were collected using an online survey. Results showed differences on the amount of literacy materials, linguistic environment, and beliefs and expectations of parents. Better HLE was observed in families with parents with high educational levels. In the context of previous studies from developed countries with families of children with DS and from Chile with families of TD children, the HLE of families with children with DS in Chile seems poor. This descriptive evidence is necessary to raise concerns in policy makers and national funding agencies to open a way to conduct experimental studies.
The ZEBRA activation domain: modular organization and mechanism of action.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

An RNA polymerase II activator often contains several regions that contribute to its potency, an organization ostensibly analogous to the modular architecture of promoters and enhancers. The regulatory significance of this parallel organization has not been systematically explored. We considered this problem by examining the activation domain of the Epstein-Barr virus transactivator ZEBRA. We performed our experiments in vitro so that the activator concentrations, stabilities, and affinities for DNA could be monitored. ZEBRA and various amino-terminal deletion derivatives, expressed in and purified from Escherichia coli, were assayed in a HeLa cell nuclear extract for the ability to activate model reporter templates bearing one, three, five, and seven upstream ZEBRA binding sites. Our data show that ZEBRA contains four modules that contribute to its potency in vitro. The modules operate interchangeably with promoter sites to determine the transcriptional response such that the loss of modules can be compensated for by increasing promoter sites. Potassium permanganate footprinting was used to show that transcriptional stimulation is a consequence of the activator's ability to promote preinitiation complex assembly. Kinetic measurements of transcription complex assembly in a reconstituted system indicate that ZEBRA promotes formation of a subcomplex requiring the TFIIA and TFIID fractions, where TFIIA acts as an antirepressor. We propose a model in which the concentration of DNA-bound activation modules in the vicinity of the gene initiates synergistic transcription complex assembly.
Multimodal Rehabilitation Including Strengthening Exercise Is Effective in Improving Fear-Avoidance Beliefs in Individuals With Patellofemoral Pain: A Critically Appraised Topic

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Clinical Scenario : Individuals with patellofemoral pain (PFP) present with a variety of neuromuscular and psychological deficits, with the “gold-standard” for treatment being rehabilitation programs with strengthening-based exercises. While such interventions primarily target pain and function measures, it is unknown whether psychological measures such as fear-avoidance beliefs (FABs) are also affected. Clinical Question : Is rehabilitation including strengthening exercises effective in improving FABs in individuals with PFP? Summary of Key Findings : Three studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the appraisal. All studies found that rehabilitation including strengthening exercises was effective in improving FABs for physical activity, though such improvements were modest. One study found that supplementing a one-time psychological intervention to rehabilitation including strengthening exercises resulted in greater improvements in FABs than with rehabilitation including strengthening exercises alone. Two studies found associations between changes in FABs and changes in pain and/or function outcomes. Clinical Bottom Line : There is consistent evidence that the incorporation of rehabilitation with strengthening exercises is effective in improving FABs in individuals with PFP, though such improvements are modest. Furthermore, supplementation with psychological interventions to rehabilitation including strengthening exercises may produce larger improvements in FABs, particularly in patients with an elevated FABs phenotype. As a result of improving FABs, patient outcomes of pain and function may be improved, though future research is needed. Therefore, at this time, we recommend that rehabilitation, including strengthening exercises with supplemental psychological interventions be prescribed for the treatment of PFP particularly in subgroups with elevated FABs, to improve patient outcomes. Strength of Recommendation : Collectively, the body of evidence included to answer the clinical question aligns with the strength of recommendation of A based on the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy.
Maize redness: Epidemiology, detection and control

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Maize redness is a disease of maize associated with stolbur phytoplasma, transmitted to maize by the planthopper vector Reptalus panzeri. Disease epidemiological cycle is in direct correlation with a life cycle of the insect-vector and its preference to the host plants. A detail review of insect-vector life cycle, disease epidemiological cycle and interaction between host plant and stolbur phytoplasma is presented. Up to date knowledge on disease distribution, methods of maize redness identification and detection of the pathogen, with posibilities of its control is reviewed. Future research recommendation and pest management strategy is provided.
Online Graph Exploration on Trees, Unicyclic Graphs and Cactus Graphs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We study the problem of exploring all vertices of an undirected weighted graph that is initially unknown to the searcher. An edge of the graph is only revealed when the searcher visits one of its endpoints. Beginning at some start node, the searcher's goal is to visit every vertex of the graph before returning to the start node on a tour as short as possible. We prove that the Nearest Neighbor algorithm's competitive ratio on trees with $n$ vertices is $Θ(\log n)$, i.e. no better than on general graphs. Furthermore, we examine the algorithm Blocking for a range of parameters not considered previously and prove it is 3-competitive on unicyclic graphs as well as $5/2+\sqrt{2}\approx 3.91$-competitive on cactus graphs. The best known lower bound for these two graph classes is 2.
POMT1 mutation results in defective glycosylation and loss of laminin-binding activity in α-DG

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS) is a congenital muscular dystrophy associated with neuronal migration disorder and structural eye abnormalities. The mutations in the O-mannosyltransferase 1 gene (POMT1) were identified recently in 20% of patients with WWS. The authors report on a patient with WWS and a novel POMT1 mutation. Their patient expressed alpha-dystroglycan (alpha-DG) core protein, but fully glycosylated alpha-DG antibody epitopes were absent, associated with the loss of laminin-binding activity.
The philosophy of international law of Modern Scholasticism:the theory of just war

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article analyzes the philosophy of international law of the Second, or Modern Scholasticism. The author of the article concentrates on the just war theory mainly developed by Francisco de Vitoria and Francisco Suarez. The objectives of the article are to clarify and classify the main principles of the above-mentioned theory as well as to grasp its relevance nowadays. In order to achieve these objectives doxographical, analytical as well as hermeneutical methods are applied. Based on them, the principles and rules of just war are divided into two fundamental types. The article comes to conclusion that these types correspond to the parts of contemporary just war theory entitled as jus ad bellum and jus in bello. Another significant conclusion is that the vast majority of the principles of just war presented in Modern Scholasticism (e.g. just cause of the war, adversary’s warning of intended offensive actions, the inviolability of ambassadors and peaceful population, prohibition on killing prisoners of war and hostages, the compliance of reparations with the damage caused before and during the war, the illegality of religious and confessional wars) are also relevant nowadays.
Natural Theology and the Christian Imaginarium

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A Christian natural theology concerns how nature is to be imagined from a Christian viewpoint. This chapter describes the term imaginarium to accentuate the limits of the human sensorium. It considers the origins of such a distinctive way of seeing things, classically expressed in terms of metanoia. The chapter shows a possible way of holding two conceptions of natural theology together, by appealing to the two main audiences which Christian communities are called to engage. It then presents theoria and reflect on its importance for natural theology. The Christian understanding of nature as logikos affirms the rationality of the created order, both as intrinsic to the natural world and as something that is capable of being discerned and represented mathematically by the human mind. Two of these are significant for a Christian natural theology: the metaphors of harmony and dance.
Subject independent BCI based on LTCCSP method and GA wrapper optimization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recent BCIs mainly need calibration sessions for a new user in order to system training before the usage. Such systems are known as subject-dependent BCIs which are suitable for just one particular subject. In this research, we proposed an efficient subject-independent BCI that can be applicable for any new subject without the need to calibration session in order to train the BCI system. For this aim, a new approach based on the Local Temporal Correlation Common Spatial Pattern (LTCCSP) method for feature extraction, and GA wrapper algorithm for time interval and frequency band optimization is proposed for designing motor imagery based subject-independent BCIs. According to the experimental results, the suggested Subjectindependent algorithm is able to classify different motor imagery tasks of the new users, efficiently.
Local cultural contribution from Adapazarı People’s House: Sakarya Magazine and its content<p>Adapazarı Halkevi’nden yöresel kültüre bir katkı: Sakarya Dergisi ve içeriği

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Started on February 19, 1932, People’s Houses have an important place in the cultural leap, secularisation and modernization policies of the early Turkish Republic. Grounded on the reasons for being a tool for propaganda of the Republican People's Party (CHP) People Houses were abolished by the Democrat Party in 1951. One of these cultural institutions whose number were reached to 478 until the year 1951 in which they had closed, is Adapazarı People’s House which is opened in February 23, 1934.The Sakarya magazine is the Adapazarı People’s House magazine. Between March 1, 1943 and August 1943, 6 issues were published. The publications of the magazines are published in the regulations of the people's houses. Despite this, Adapazarı, the district, published Sakarya Magazine. The publication policy of Sakarya Magazine is to spread the principles of the CHP. Adapazari has named Sakarya as the magazine which also wants to be a province.The People’s Houses, which are came to be known as the institutions of culture and which is also a means of giving people the idea of being a nation and a citizen, began to publish journals in order to reveal their politics to the public. During the period of Atatürk , the journal of People’s House of Adapazarı which is called Sakarya, has been going on to be an important source for the history of Adapazarı. So, in the study, the first publishing of Sakarya, some problems during the publishing period, the subjects in the journal and closing of the journal have studied.Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetMüze ve Sergi şubesi hariç olmak üzere 23 Şubat 1934 tarihinde diğer şubeleri ile birlikte açılan Adapazarı Halkevi, Halkevlerinin kapatıldığı 1951 yılına kadar çok çeşitli alanlarda faaliyetlerde bulunmuştur. Bunlardan biri de dergi çıkarma görevi de olan Dil ve Edebiyat Şubesidir. Her ne kadar 1940 yönetmeliğinde dergi çıkartma görevi il merkezlerindeki halkevlerine verilmiş olsa da döneminde Kocaeli’ne bağlı bir ilçe olan Adapazarı da dergi çıkartma işinden geri kalmamıştır. Yöreden geçen nehirden adını alan Sakarya Dergisi, yayın hayatına 1 Mart 1943 tarihinde başlamıştır. Sakarya Dergisi, ancak 6 sayı yayınlanabilmiş, 1 Ağustos 1943 tarihli sayısıyla da yayın hayatı sona ermiştir.Adapazarı Halkevi dergisi Sakarya, Adapazarı’nın yerel tarihinde önemli bir kaynak olma özelliğini hâlâ korumaktadır. Bu çalışmada Sakarya dergisi ve içeriği elde mevcut olan 6 sayı üzerinden incelenecektir. Çalışmada Sakarya Dergisi’nin ortaya çıkışı, dergi çıkartma süreci ve sonrasında yaşanan sıkıntılar, dergide ele alınan konular ve derginin kapatılması ele alınmıştır.
Effect of land uses on relationship between organic carbon and available nutrients in dry temperate zone of Himachal Pradesh

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Studies on soils under different land uses in dry temperate zone of the state showed that there was wide variability in soil pH. All the land uses had medium to high organic carbon status. The soils under different land uses had an overall status of N, P and Kas low, high and low to medium, respectively. Simple correlation studies indicated that available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were strongly associated with organic carbon. Regression equation showed that with a unit change in organic carbon, the maximum increase in soil nitrogen was found in grassland soils and minimum in agricultural soils; whereas, in available phosphorus maximum increase was recorded in wasteland soils and minimum in soils under grasses. Similarly for available potassium, the maximum increase was observed in soils under hops cultivation and minimum in wasteland soils.
Integrating Dynamic Pricing and Inventory Control for Fresh Agriproduct under Multinomial Logit Choice

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this article, we investigate a joint pricing and inventory problem for a retailer selling fresh agriproducts (FAPs) with two-period shelf lifetime in a dynamic stochastic setting, where new and old FAPs are on sale simultaneously. At the beginning of each period the retailer makes ordering decision for new FAP and sets regular and discount price for new and old inventories, respectively. After demand realization, the expired leftover is disposed and unexpired inventory is carried to the next period, continuing selling. Unmet demand of all FAPs is backordered. The objective is to maximize the total expected discount profit over the whole planning horizon. We present a price-dependent, stochastic dynamic programming model taking into account zero lead time, linear ordering costs, inventory holding, and backlogging costs, as well as disposal cost. Considering the influence of the perishability, we integrate a Multinomial Logit (MNL) choice model to describe the consumer behavior on purchasing fresh or nonfresh product. By way of the inverse of the price vector, the original formulation can be transferred to be jointly concave and tractable. Finally we characterize the optimal policy and develop effective methods to solve the problem and conduct a simple numerical illustration.
Reproducible, Automated and Portable Computational and Data Science Experimentation Pipelines with Popper

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Currently, approaches to scientific research require activities that take up much time but do not actually advance our scientific understanding. For example, researchers and students spend countless hours reformatting data and writing code to attempt to reproduce previously published research. What if the scientific community could find a better way to create and publish our workflows, data, and models to minimize the amount of the time spent “reinventing the wheel”? Popper is an NSF and CROSS sponsored protocol and CLI tool for implementing scientific exploration pipelines following a DevOps approach. Popper allows researchers and students to generate work that is easy to reproduce.

Modern open source software (OSS) development communities have created tools that make it easier to manage large codebases, allowing them to deal with high levels of complexity, not only in terms of managing code changes, but with the entire ecosystem that is needed in order to deliver changes to software in an agile, rapidly changing environment. These practices and tools are collectively referred to as DevOps. The Popper Experimentation Protocol repurposes the DevOps practice in the context of scientific explorations so that researchers can leverage existing tools and technologies to maintain and publish scientific analyses that are easy to reproduce. By following Popper, researchers can produce portable, automated and version-controlled experimentation pipelines that are easier to re-execute.

In this talk/poster, we will briefly introduce DevOps and give an overview of best practices. We will then show how these practices can be repurposed for carrying out scientific explorations and illustrate using some examples. We will also walk the audience through the usage of the Popper CLI tool, showing examples from multiple domains such as High Energy Physics, Genomics, and Atmospheric Sciences.
Rethinking Competences for Initial Language Teacher Training Through Trauma-Informed Lens

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The chapter discusses the importance of implementing the trauma-informed approach in pre-service language teacher training. The purpose of this chapter is to identify the scope of competencies language teachers should possess when implementing a trauma-informed approach in teaching languages. This study is exploratory research extensively employing a qualitative research methodology through the grounded theory. The triangulation strategy was used to collect the data on the issue from the analysis of certificate teacher training curricula at universities, analysis of policy requirements for initial teacher training and the analysis of quantitative data on perspectives of pre-service elementary school language teachers on trauma-informed approach. The results are presented as a competency-based matrix covering subsections of knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary for pre-service English language teachers implementing the trauma-informed approach.