jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Connecting parental involvement, adult education, and community organizing through social justice leadership

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this chapter is to argue that it is necessary to move beyond technocratic notions of school-based management if community participation contributes to community empowerment. By empowerment, we mean the process by which individuals become aware of the practices and structures that contribute to their marginalization; and the process through which individuals and groups are enabled to respond to – if not change – those practices and structures. More specifically, the chapter emphasizes the need to combine parental involvement with adult education, community organizing, and social justice leadership. More particularly, the chapter argues that the last of these, social justice leadership, is crucial to enabling the first three. A combination of these four things – social justice leadership, parental involvement, adult education, community organizing – can contribute to the foundations of community empowerment. Empirically, this chapter investigates the four dimensions mentioned above in a private (but fee-free) school in a marginalized community in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico.
Gene expression, growth and survival of European sea bass post-larvae (Dicentrarchus labrax) after PHB administration

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The stable production of high quality fry in marine aquaculture is still hampered by unpredictable mortality caused by infectious diseases during larval rearing. Consequently, the development of new biocontrol agents is crucial for a viable aquaculture industry. The bacterial energy storage compound poly-ß-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) has been shown to exhibit beneficial properties on aquatic organisms such as enhanced survival, growth, disease resistance and a controlling effect on the gastrointestinal microbiota. However, the effect of PHB on the developing immune system of fish larvae has so far not been investigated. In the present study, the effect of feeding PHB-enriched Artemia nauplii on survival, growth and immune response in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) post-larvae was examined. Amorphous PHB was administered to 28 days old sea bass larvae over a period of 10 days. The survival and growth performance were monitored and the expression of 29 genes involved in immunity, growth, metabolism and stress-response was measured. While the expression of the insulin-like growth factor 1 (igf1), an indicator of relative growth, was upregulated in response to feeding PHB, the larval survival and growth performance remained unaffected. After 10 days of PHB treatment, the expression of the antimicrobial peptides dicentracin (dic) and hepcidin (hep) as well as mhc class IIa and mhc class IIb was elevated in the PHB fed larvae. This indicates that PHB is capable of stimulating the immune system of fish early life stages, which may be the cause of the increased resistance to diseases and robustness observed in previous studies.
Treatment with Different Sodium Salts Alters Growth and Photosynthetic Pigment Constituents in Withania somnifera

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract In the present investigation, experiments were conducted to study the effects of different sodium salts viz., sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) on morphological parameters (germination percentage, root and shoot length, dry weight of root and shoot) and photosynthetic pigment contents (chlorophyll ‘a’, chlorophyll ‘b’, total chlorophyll and carotenoids) of Withania somnifera plants. The germinating Withania somnifera seeds were treated with 10, 20 and 50mM NaCl and Na2SO4 and 5, 10 and 15mM Na2CO3. The parameters were analysed on 25 DAS. All the treatments decreased the germination percentage; shoot length, root length and dry weight, chlorophyll and carotenoids contents significantly. This effect was very high in the Na2CO3 treated seedlings this was followed by Na2SO4 and NaCl treated seedlings. From the results of this investigation, it is clear that, the Withania somnifera were affected significantly in the Na2CO3 treatments and followed by Na2SO4 and NaCl treatments. Key words:Sodium chloride, Sodium sulphate, Sodium carbonate, Morphological parameters, Photosynthetic pigment, Withania somnifera INTRODUCTION Plants growing under such saline conditions Every year more and more land becomes pathways [3-5]. The use of saline soils and brackish nonproductive owing to salt accumulation. Salinization groundwater for growing plants of varying economic
A Note on the Computation of the Second-Order Derivatives of the Elementary Symmetric Functions in the Rasch Model

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Jansen (1984) gave explicit formulas for the computation of the second-order derivatives of the elementary symmetric functions. But they are only applicable to those pairs of items which have unequal parameters. It is shown here that for equal parameters similar explicit formulas do exist, too, facilitating the application of the Newton-Raphson procedure to estimate the parameters in the Rasch model and related models according to the conditional maximum likelihood principle.
Materials Data on ReH12N3Cl4O3 by Materials Project

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

(Re(OCl)3)2(NH4)6Cl2 is Silicon tetrafluoride-derived structured and crystallizes in the orthorhombic Cmc2_1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of twelve ammonium molecules, four hydrochloric acid molecules, and four Re(OCl)3 clusters. In each Re(OCl)3 cluster, Re7+ is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O2- and three Cl1- atoms. All Re–O bond lengths are 1.74 Å. There are two shorter (2.57 Å) and one longer (2.58 Å) Re–Cl bond lengths. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Re7+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Re7+ atom. There are two inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Re7+ atom. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Re7+ atom.
Comparative Photographic, Retrospective Analysis of Nonsyndromic Cleft Noses Treated with or without NAM

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Long-term results and efficacy of nasoalveolar molding (NAM) on the perinasal region are reported controversially in the literature. With this study, we demonstrate our experiences, contribute to the ongoing discussion, and describe our decision-making when NAM is indicated or not. Methods: Conventional pre- and postinterventional photographs of patients with nonsyndromic unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP and BCLP) were analyzed. The 2 independent raters were blinded to therapy (NAM versus non-NAM), and 7 parameters were measured. Intraclass correlation coefficient for intra- and interrater reliability was calculated. The Mann–Whitney U test was performed to compare therapy- and appearance-matched pairs. Finally, 30 specialists in cranio-maxillofacial surgery performed a subjective, blinded rating of matched NAM and non-NAM cases. Results: Thirty-six patients, 16 UCLP and 20 BCLP, were enrolled. The intraclass correlation coefficients for intra- and interrater reliability were excellent for all measurements, except for nasal sill (0.77 intrarater and 0.80 interrater). Height-to-width ratio ( P = 0.012) was significantly different in the comparison of non-NAM and NAM-treated severe cases with UCLP. Thirty blinded raters evaluated NAM-treated cases with severe UCLP better than matched non-NAM cases. Non-NAM-treated cases with moderate UCLP and BCLP were rated better than matched NAM cases. Conclusions: Children with severe UCLP may benefit from NAM therapy in the sense of better symmetry and a more homogenous appearance. Patients with moderate UCLP and BCLP did not benefit, and the risk of the burden of care increased.
Ki‐67 immunostaining in 322 primary breast cancers: Associations with clinical and pathological variables and prognosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cell-proliferation markers are very important in the clinical management of cancer patients, and the identification of Ki-67 (a monoclonal antibody that recognizes proliferating cells) can make it easier to define the level of proliferative activity. This study investigated the associations between the Ki-67 levels measured by means of immunohistochemistry, and other clinical and pathological variables and prognosis in 322 breast-cancer patients. A significant association was found (p < 0.001) between Ki-67 values and tumor size, nodal status, estrogen and progesterone receptor status; multivariate analysis showed that Ki-67 levels were associated with disease-free and overall survival, thus confirming that it is an independent prognostic variable. Various statistical approaches were used in an attempt to establish the best cut-off point for dividing patients into groups at high or low risk of relapse but, in this series, we could find no evidence leading to a single “best” cut-off point. We conclude that the quantitative level of Ki-67 could be used as a prognostic factor in breast-cancer patients. Int. J. Cancer 74:433–437, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Desferrioxamine Improves Anaemia in Haemodialysis Patients Without Aluminium or Iron Overload

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Desferrioxamine Improves Anaemia in Haemodialysis Patients Without Aluminium or Iron Overload R. Cuvelier, R. Cuvelier Clinique du Refuge, Department of MedecineMouscron 7700, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. Deceuninck P. Deceuninck Clinique du Refuge, Department of MedecineMouscron 7700, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, Volume 3, Issue 1, 1988, Page 104, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.ndt.a091609 Published: 01 January 1988
Novel ice induced vibration testing in a large-scale facility: Deciphering ice induced vibrations, part 1

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

M. Maattanen, S. Loset, A. Metrikine, K.-U. Evers, H. Hendrikse, C. Lonoy, I. Metrikin, T. Nord, and S. Sukhorukov 1. Sustainable Arctic Marine and Coastal Technology (SAMCoT), Centre for Research-based Innovation (CRI), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway 2. Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands 3. Hamburg Ship Model Basin (HSVA), Hamburg, Germany 4. DNV, Nora, Norway * mauri.maattanen@ntnu.no
Sex Steroids Binding Globulin: the evolution of views about biological functions and diagnostic significance in normal and pathological conditions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sex steroid hormones (androgens, estrogens) play a critical role in the endocrine regulation of human body functions in normal and in various pathologies. Numerous complex mechanisms of their transportation from the site of synthesis to target cells are involved in the process of realization of their functions by sex steroid hormones, among which the most important role is played by sex steroids binding globulin (SSBG), synthesized in the liver and entering the systemic circulation. Until recently, SSBG was considered practically only as a specific transport system of sex steroids (androgens, estrogens) to target cells. Early studies have demonstrated an increase in the SSBG level in the blood as a person’s age increases, however, only relatively recently a polymorphism of the SSBG gene was established, which determines the genetically determined different degree of affinity of this transport protein to sex steroid hormones (androgens, estrogens) in different people, which allows us to consider SSBG not only as a unique individual transport protein of blood, but also as a unique serum regulator of the activity and tissue bioavailability of sex steroids. Modern studies have also shown close interrelations of the serum level of GSPS with some human diseases, which allows us to consider this transport protein not only as their potential serological marker, but as a direct independent mechanism of their pathogenesis.
Soils of Accumulative Coasts of the East Siberian Sea

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Thalassosols developing on the accumulative coasts of the East Siberian Sea include initial soils of regularly flooded tidal flats with sparse vegetation, episodically flooded marsh soils with different degrees of salinization, and maritime soils that are morphologically close to the zonal soils but are affected by salts transferred by wind with seawater drops and organomineral matter from the non-vegetated seashores. Weakly developed marsh soils have the initial features and structure of the marine sediments combined with the processes of salinization; sulfate reduction; gleyzation; cryogenic mass exchange; as well as the transfer, accumulation, and weak biochemical transformation of the raw organic matter. Soils with different degrees of salinization are formed on tidal marshes and are characterized by some redistribution of salts in the soil profile with weak accumulation of salts in the uppermost organic horizons and in the suprapermafrost layers along with pronounced sulfate reduction. Slightly saline organogenic and peaty gleyic soils predominate in the areas of sedge marshes. The majority of studied marsh soils form under the conditions of distinct cryogenic polygonal microtopography, waterlogging, and relatively shallow permafrost.
Ocular distribution of cyclosporin A (Sandimmun) following systemic and topical administration to rabbits.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of cyclosporin A (CsA) in various ocular fluids and tissues in the rabbit by two routes of administration. CsA was administered to two groups of two rabbits either by intramuscular route at a dose of 25 mg/kg/day or by local route using eyedrops, at a dose of 10 mg/day (-2.8 mg/kg/day) for eight days. An extra animal was treated with a placebo solution in each group in order to obtain control values. Samples of blood and tears were collected throughout the 8-day treatment period. On day 9, the six animals were sacrificed and additional samples were collected from the vitreous body, the aqueous humor, the cornea and the globe. The concentrations of CsA were determined by RIA using the specific monoclonal antibody contained in the Sandimmun-kit. After administration by intramuscular route, high concentrations of CsA were detected in the blood. Within the eye, this compound was clearly detected in the tears, the cornea and the globe, and was suspected in the vitreous body and the aqueous humor. After administration by local route, using eyedrops, no CsA was detected in the blood, the vitreous body or the aqueous humor. However, despite doses ten times lower than those administered by the intramuscular route, this compound was clearly detected in the tears, the cornea and the globe of the treated eye. Moreover, similar concentrations were obtained in the untreated eye. These data reveal a real passage of CsA from the left treated eye to the right untreated eye.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An Analysis of COVID-19 Student Learning Loss

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to school closures around the world, affecting almost 1.6 billion students. This caused significant disruption to the global education system. Even short interruptions in a child’s schooling have significant negative effects on their learning and can be long lasting. The capacities of education systems to respond to the crisis by delivering remote learning and support to children and families have been diverse and uneven. In response to this disruption, education researchers are beginning to analyze the impact of these school closures on student learning loss. The term learning loss is commonly used in the literature to describe declines in student knowledge and skills. Early reviews of the first wave of lockdowns and school closures suggested significant learning loss in a few countries. A more recent and thorough analysis of recorded learning loss evidence documented since the beginning of the school closures between March 2020 and March 2022 found even more evidence of learning loss. In 36 identified robust studies, the majority identified learning losses that amount to, on average, 0.17 of a standard deviation (SD), equivalent to roughly a one-half school year’s worth of learning. This confirms that learning loss is real and significant and has continued to grow after the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Most studies observed increases in inequality where certain demographics of students experienced more significant learning losses than others. The longer the schools remained closed, the greater were the learning losses. For the 19 countries for which there are robust learning loss data, average school closures were 15 weeks, leading to average learning losses of 0.18 SD. Put another way, for every week that schools were closed, learning declined by an average of 0.01 SD. However, there are also outliers—countries that managed to limit the amount of loss. In Nara City, Japan, for example, the initial closures had brought down test scores, but responsive policies largely overcame this decline. In addition, a decreased summer vacation helped. In Denmark, children received good home support and their reading behavior improved significantly. In Sweden, where primary schools did not close during the pandemic, there were no reported learning losses. Further work is needed to increase the quantity of studies produced, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, and to ascertain the reasons for learning loss. Finally, the few cases where learning loss was mitigated should be further investigated to inform continued and future pandemic responses.
Energy detection of unknown deterministic signals

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

By using Shannon's sampling formula, the problem of the detection of a deterministic signal in white Gaussian noise, by means of an energy-measuring device, reduces to the consideration of the sum of the squares of statistically independent Gaussian variates. When the signal is absent, the decision statistic has a central chi-square distribution with the number of degrees of freedom equal to twice the time-bandwidth product of the input. When the signal is present, the decision statistic has a noncentral chi-square distribution with the same number of degrees of freedom and a noncentrality parameter λ equal to the ratio of signal energy to two-sided noise spectral density. Since the noncentral chi-square distribution has not been tabulated extensively enough for our purpose, an approximate form was used. This form replaces the noncentral chi-square with a modified chi-square whose degrees of freedom and threshold are determined by the noncentrality parameter and the previous degrees of freedom. Sets of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves are drawn for several time-bandwidth products, as well as an extended nomogram of the chi-square cumulative probability which can be used for rapid calculation of false alarm and detection probabilities. Related work in energy detection by J. I. Marcum and E. L Kaplan is discussed.
Some new trends in the chemistry of polysaccharides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The data on the fine structure of polysaccharides should form the basis for understanding on a molecular Ievel the biological role played by carbohydrate systems, but the methods of structural chemistry are not always sufficient.The most general approach for determination of the primary structure of polysaccharides might be the development of standard methods, which involve specific cleavage to oligosaccharidic blocks and their subsequent analysis.The possibilities of application of some reaction for selective modification of monosaccharide units in a polymer chain with subsequent hydrolysis of glycosidic linkages in the modified unit will be discussed.The application tOf mass spectrometry for the determination of monosaccharide units in oligosaccharides provides possibilities for effective structural analysis of oligomeric blocks using very small amounts of material.Finally, the development of methods for the synthesis of polysaccharides is discussed.'-
SENSITIVITY OF LV GRID PLANNING TO LOAD MODELLING

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose an approach to deal with the impact of uncertainties on the decision criteria used by a planning operator. These uncertainties come from the models applied to network components and their associated assumptions, and they create discrepancies between the results of the studies in the literature. As there is no scientific consensus, network actors continue to keep and develop their own philosophy. The method we propose uses a Global Sensitivity Analysis to characterize the impact of any model on the decision criteria: we consider here the active and reactive powers of customer consumption and solar panel production, as well as the conductor impedances. We test several modelling hypotheses and assess their impact on a French low voltage network. Thanks to this work, we are able to measure the dependence of the decision criteria on the models considered in the LV grid planning process.
Species and genera of soil nematodes inhabiting tree plantations on colliery spoils near Sokolov

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Soil nematodes were studied in 20-30-year-old tree plantations and spontaneous successions on colliery spoils near Sokolov in west Bohemia, Czech Republic. Six types of tree plantations (oak, alder, linden, larch, pine, and spruce) and one type of spontaneous succession (willow-aspen-birch), each in four replicate sites, were surveyed in March 2005 and in April 2006. In total 174 species and 86 genera were distinguished, more species and genera were found in deciduous than in coniferous plantations. Cluster analyses showed different composition of nematode faunas in those plantations. Co-occurrence of closely related .i.Aporcelaimellus, Helicotylenchus./i. species could suggest their still existing niche overlap in a developing environment whereas niche partitioning probably established between species of the genera .i.Eudorylaimus./i. and .i.Paratylenchus./i..
A comparative study of the nutritive value of thermally oxidized oils

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Summary Thermal oxidation of corn oil under laboratory conditions, at 200°C., led to the formation of an oil exhibiting definite growth‐depressing action under both ad libitum and paired feeding conditions. Under similar conditions margarine base stock gave only slight growth depression, and none was noted with butter oil. The effect was not a permanent one as animals that were changed to a normal diet quickly recovered and grew to maturity. It appeared that the products formed during the thermal treatment were related to the unsaturated or polyunsaturated portions of the oil. The growth‐depressing effect appeared to be multiple in nature, it had an irritant or diarrhea effect and possibly an enzyme‐inhibiting or vitamin‐destroying effect.