jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Monitoring of Daily Body Weight and Intrathoracic Impedance in Heart Failure Patients With a High Risk of Volume Overload Decompensation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Background Decompensation is frequent in heart failure (HF) patients and predicts poor prognosis. Hypothesis Volume‐overload events in HF patients are preceded by changes in intrathoracic impedance (Z) and body weight (BW); monitoring these parameters may be useful to predict decompensation. Methods Forty‐three HF patients (LVEF 25% ± 12%) with a recent HF event and an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator providing daily Z were equipped with telemonitoring scales submitting daily BW. Changes in BW and Z 30 days prior to major (HF hospitalization) and minor (ambulatory adjustment of diuretics) were analyzed. Results During median of 427 days follow‐up 25 major and 41 minor events occurred. Z decreased by −4.8 (95% confidence interval [CI]: CI −6.7 to −3.0) and −4.3 (95% CI: −5.5 to −3.2) within 30 days prior to major and minor events respectively ( P < 0.001). BW increased before major events by 2.3 kg (95% CI: 1.0 to 3.5, P < 0.01) and minor events 1 kg (95% CI: 0.5 to 1.4, P < 0.001). Sensitivity of Z for major/minor HF events was 83.3% (95% CI: 71.7 to 91.0) and for BW 43.9% (95% CI: 31.9 to 56.7). The unexplained detection rate per patient‐year was 1.6 (interquartile range [IQR], 0–3.1) for Z and 4.8 (IQR 1.6–11.1) for BW. Combined Z and BW sensitivity was 42.4% (95% CI: 30.6 to 55.2) and unexplained detection rate was 0.8 (IQR, 0–1.5) per patient‐year. Conclusions Decompensation is marked by a decrease in Z and increase in BW the preceding 30 days. Monitoring of Z predicts HF decompensations with better sensitivity and lower unexplained detection rate than BW.
The Role of Fraud Pentagon Elements in Financial Statement Fraud: Evidence from Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Islamic banks in Indonesia have experienced rapid growth relative to their conventional counterparts. However, this expansion is accompanied by challenges, notably the prevalence of fraudulent practices. This study aims to analyze the influence of the fraud pentagon on Financial Statement Fraud (FFR) in Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia from 2018 to 2023, both collectively and individually. The study population comprises all Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia registered with the Financial Services Authority (OJK) as of December 2023. Using a purposive sampling method, ten Islamic commercial banks were selected for analysis. The research employs a Multiple Linear Regression Analysis model, executed in EViews 13. The findings reveal that, collectively, the elements of Pressure (ROA), Opportunity (BDOUT), Rationalization (TACC), Capability (DCHANGE), and Arrogance (CEO PICTURE) significantly impact FFR. Individually, Pressure (ROA), Opportunity (BDOUT), and Rationalization (TACC) have a positive and significant effect on FFR, while Capability (DCHANGE) and Arrogance (CEO PICTURE) exhibit a positive but non-significant effect.
Implication of Fluorine Atom on Electronic Properties, Ordering Structures, and Photovoltaic Performance in Naphthobisthiadiazole-Based Semiconducting Polymers

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The development of semiconducting polymers is imperative to improve the performance of polymer-based solar cells (PSCs). In this study, new semiconducting polymers based on naphtho[1,2-c:5,6-c']bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole (NTz), PNTz4TF2 and PNTz4TF4, having 3,3'-difluoro-2,2'-bithiophene and 3,3',4,4'-tetrafluoro-2,2'-bithiophene, respectively, are designed and synthesized. These polymers possess a deeper HOMO energy level than their counterpart, PNTz4T, which results in higher open-circuit voltages in solar cells. This concequently reduces the photon energy loss that is one of the most important issues surrounding PSCs. The PNTz4TF4 cell exhibits up to 6.5% power conversion efficiency (PCE), whereas the PNTz4TF2 cell demonstrates outstanding device performance with as high as 10.5% PCE, which is quite high for PSCs. We further discuss the performances of the PSCs based on these polymers by correlating the charge generation and recombination dynamics with the polymer structure and ordering structure. We believe that the results provide new insights into the design of semiconducting polymers and that there is still much room for improvement of PSC efficiency.
A Multitask Deep Learning Model for Predicting Myocardial Infarction Complications

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Myocardial infarction is one of the most severe forms of ischemic heart disease, associated with high mortality and disability worldwide. The accurate and reliable prediction of adverse cardiovascular events is critical for developing effective treatment strategies and improving outcomes in cardiac rehabilitation. Traditional prognostic models, such as the GRACE and TIMI scores, often lack the flexibility to incorporate a wide range of contemporary clinical predictors. Therefore, machine learning methods, particularly deep neural networks, have recently emerged as promising alternatives capable of enhancing predictive accuracy and enabling more personalized care. This study presents a multitask deep learning model designed to simultaneously address two related tasks: multidimensional binary classification of myocardial infarction complications and multiclass classification of mortality causes. The model was trained on a dataset of 1700 patients, encompassing 111 clinical and demographic features. Experimental results demonstrate high predictive accuracy and the model’s capacity to capture complex interactions among risk factors, suggesting its potential as a valuable tool for clinical decision support in cardiology. Comparative analysis confirms that the proposed multitask approach performs comparably to, or better than, conventional machine learning models. Future research will focus on refining the model and validating its generalizability in real-world clinical environments.
A genetic algorithm applied to optimal allocation in stratified sampling

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Over the last decades, many researchers have studied and proposed new methods for the solution of the multivariate optimal allocation problem, which can be performed by choosing one of the following goals: (i) minimizing the weighted combination of relative variances, considering the sample size fixed or (ii) minimizing the sample size in a way that the coefficients of variation are lower or equal to the previously fixed coefficients of variation. Taking each goal into account, the present article proposes two heuristic algorithms that were developed by studying the optimization technique called biased random key genetic algorithm. The computational experiments reported in the end of this work indicate that the proposed algorithms can be a good alternative for the solution of this problem, when compared with the two methods from literature.
VAT Grouping and the Cost-Sharing Exemption: Similarities, Differences, and their Interaction

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The present thesis deals with two different provisions in the VAT Directive, the VAT grouping, provided in Article 11 of the VAT Directive, and the cost-sharing exemption, provided in Article 132(1)(f) of the VAT Directive. Both provisions are utilised by businesses in order to alleviate the undesirable consequences of the irrecoverable input VAT. The former establishes the VAT group whose intra-group transactions are not taxable for VAT purposes, while the latter provides for an exemption for services provided by an independent group of persons, the cost-sharing group to its members under certain conditions. The brief wording of both provisions leads to interpretation difficulties, regarding the different aspects of the scope of the latter, which the CJEU and the European Commission try to resolve. In the present thesis, following the legal-dogmatic method, the fundamental aspects of the two concepts are analysed. The research question and the aim of the thesis are, after such an analysis of the two schemes, their similarities, and their differences, as well as their interaction to be presented in a comprehensive way.
Down the paths to the past habitual: its historical connections with counterfactual pasts, future in the pasts, iteratives and lexical sources in Ancient Greek

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract To complement existing synchronic typological studies of the marking strategies of (past) habituality, this paper details the diachronic paths leading to and from past habitual constructions. The rich corpus evidence from the diachrony of Ancient Greek demonstrates at least four source constructions: (1) past counterfactual mood (in optative and indicative), (2) futures in the past, (3) iteratives (with - sk ) and (4) lexical sources with semantic affinity to habituality (volition, habit, love). It is argued that the former two acquire habitual meaning through an invited inference of epistemic certainty of the statement by the speaker: what certainly would have happened in the knowable past is implied to be characteristic of the past. The past forms with the so-called iterative - sk (3) suffix follow the cross-linguistically frequent evolution of pluractional constructions through a form of semantic bleaching: past iterative > frequentative > habitual > habitual imperfective. Lexical sources (4) first acquire habitual meaning in the present after which only the more heavily grammaticalized ones receive past habitual usage through semantic bleaching and generalization of usage (as reflected by host class expansions). The paper is concluded with a diachronic map of these paths into habituality and the paths leading from past habituality into other domains such as genericity.
Osseous Hydatid (Echinococcus) Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

HYDATID DISEASE in man is caused by the larval form of 2 small tapeworms, Echinococcus granulosas andEchinococcus multilocularis. Through the investigations of Rausch and Vogel it is now known thatE. granulosusis the cause of unilocular and osseous hydatid disease whileE. multiloculariscauses alveolar hydatid disease. Normally, in the domestic cycle ofE. granulosus cattle, sheep, and swine are the intermediate hosts, and the definitive host is usually the dog. Man also serves as an intermediate host for this parasite. The normal habitat for the adult stage of the tapeworm,E. granulosus, is the small intestine of the dog. Eggs passed in the feces and ingested by almost any mammal, including man, hatch in the duodenum, penetrate the intestinal wall, enter venules, and are carried to the liver, while others may pass to the lungs and other organs of the body. Dew found that 76.6% of human
Differential distribution of tight junction proteins suggests a role for tanycytes in blood‐hypothalamus barrier regulation in the adult mouse brain

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract The median eminence is one of the seven so‐called circumventricular organs. It is located in the basal hypothalamus, ventral to the third ventricle and adjacent to the arcuate nucleus. This structure characteristically contains a rich capillary plexus and features a fenestrated endothelium, making it a direct target of blood‐borne molecules. The median eminence also contains highly specialized ependymal cells called tanycytes, which line the floor of the third ventricle. It has been hypothesized that one of the functions of these cells is to create a barrier that prevents substances in the portal capillary spaces from entering the brain. In this paper, we report on our use of immunohistochemistry to study the expression of tight junction proteins in the cells that compose the median eminence in adult mice. Our results indicate that tanycytes of the median eminence express occludin, ZO‐1, and claudin 1 and 5, but not claudin 3. Remarkably, these molecules are organized as a continuous belt around the cell bodies of the tanycytes that line the ventral part of the third ventricle. In contrast, the tanycytes at the periphery of the arcuate nucleus do not express claudin 1 and instead exhibit a disorganized expression pattern of occludin, ZO‐1, and claudin 5. Consistent with these observations, permeability studies using peripheral or central injections of Evans blue dye show that only the tanycytes of the median eminence are joined at their apices by functional tight junctions, whereas tanycytes located at the level of the arcuate nucleus form a permeable layer. In conclusion, this study reveals a unique expression pattern of tight junction proteins in hypothalamic tanycytes, which yields new insights into their barrier properties. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:943–962, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Béxar Archives (1717-1836): A Name Guide. Compiled and edited by Adán BenavidesJr. (Austin: The University of Texas Press, 1989. Pp. xxii, 1171. Appendices. Glossary. Index. $60.00.)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Béxar Archives (1717-1836): A Name Guide. Compiled and edited by Adán BenavidesJr. (Austin: The University of Texas Press, 1989. Pp. xxii, 1171. Appendices. Glossary. Index. $60.00.) - Volume 47 Issue 1
The Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Identification of Multicentric Lesions in Breast Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To study the effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging of the mammary glands in detecting multicentric lesions in breast cancer. Matreial and Methods : From 2022 to 2023, a prospective study was conducted, including 57 breast cancer patients, who underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the mammary glands for the purpose of clarifying the diagnosis of the process, followed by surgical treatment in the Department of Oncology and reconstructive Plastic Surgery of the breast and skin of the P.A. Herzen Moscow State Medical Institute. In the postoperative period, the data of magnetic resonance imaging of the mammary glands and the results of a pathomorphological examination of the surgical material were compared. Results : Multicentricity was confirmed in 21 (38.9 й) patients out of 54 patients with breast cancer with multicentric lesion (sTm) according to magnetic resonance imaging of the mammary glands during a planned pathomorphological examination of the surgical material. In 3 patients (5.3 й), a multicentric lesion was revealed by the results of a pathomorphological examination, whereas magnetic resonance imaging determined one pathological focus. Surgical treatment in the volume of mastectomy, including subcutaneous /skin-preserving mastectomy with a reconstructive plastic component was performed in 44 (77.2 й), in 13 (22.8 й) cases organ-preserving surgery. Conclusion : Thus, in most cases, multicentricity according to instrumental examination (magnetic resonance imaging) was not confirmed during the pathomorphological examination of the surgical material, which led to the performance of a larger volume of surgical intervention, namely mastectomies or mastectomies with reconstruction. A more careful selection of patients who are shown magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnostic search is needed.
The hydrophobic character of thiol-activated cytolysins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Hydrophobic chromatography on phenyl–Sepharose has revealed the decidedly hydrophobic character of several members of the group of cytolytic proteins termed ‘thiol-activated’. Pneumolysin, alveolysin, cereolysin, and streptolysin O were found to be equally hydrophobic, as were the oxidized and reduced forms of alveolysin. Hydrophobic chromatography has been utilized in the development of an improved procedure for the purification of pneumolysin.
On the Potential and Perils of Same-Sex Marriage: A Perspective from Queer Theory

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

SUMMARY The last decade has witnessed a polemical debate over the merits of same-sex marriage. The crux of this acrimonious debate, the question of legalization, has entered the political vernacular, manifesting in Canada in form of the Civil Marriage Act (2005) and in the United States in form of the recently defeated Federal Marriage Amendment (2006). In this paper, I endeavor to forward the cause for same-sex marriage from the standpoint of queer theory. It will be underscored, however, that the institution of marriage–even when afforded to individuals engaged in same-sex relationships–should not be accepted imprudently. By historicizing and politicizing marriage, this paper will explain why the fundamental ethos undergirding marriage, that is heteronormativity and patriarchy, is inconsistent with some of the core tenets defining queer theory.
MALIGNANT LIVER CARCINOID: THE PLACE OF SURGERY AND CHEMOTHERAPY REVIEW AND CASE PRESENTATION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A review is made of the current concepts regarding the place of surgery and chemotherapy in the management of malignant liver carcinoid presenting as the carcinoid syndrome. A case of the carcinoid syndrome is described in which a short but definite palliation of the symptoms was obtained by local removal of numerous hepatic metastases.
Heddleston T. Who are medical marijuana patients? Population characteristics from nine California assessment clinics

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract — Marijuana is a currently illegal psychoactive drug that many physicians believe has sub-stantial therapeutic uses. The medical literature contains a growing number of studies on cannabinoids as well as case studies and anecdotal reports suggesting therapeutic potential. Fifteen states have passed medical marijuana laws, but little is known about the growing population of patients who use mari-juana medicinally. This article reports on a sample of 1,746 patients from a network of nine medical marijuana evaluation clinics in California. Patients completed a standardized medical history form; evaluating physicians completed standardized evaluation forms. From this data we describe patient characteristics, self-reported presenting symptoms, physician evaluations, other treatments tried, other drug use, and medical marijuana use practices. Pain, insomnia, and anxiety were the most common conditions for which evaluating physicians recommended medical marijuana. Shifts in the medical marijuana patient population over time, the need for further research, and the issue of diversion are discussed.
Thin Cu film resistivity using four probe techniques: Effect of film thickness and geometrical shapes

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Precise measurement of electrical sheet resistance and resistivity of metallic thin Cu films may play a significant role in temperature sensing by means of resistivity changes which can further act as a safety measure of various electronic devices during their operation. Four point probes resistivity measurement is a useful approach as it successfully excludes the contact resistance between the probes and film surface of the sample. Although, the resistivity of bulk samples at a particular temperature mostly depends on its materialistic property, however, it may significantly differ in the case of thin films, where the shape and thickness of the sample can significantly influence on it. Depending on the ratio of the film thickness to probe spacing, samples are usually classified in two segments such as (i) thick films or (ii) thin films. Accordingly, the geometric correction factors G can be related to the sample resistivity r, which has been calculated here for thin Cu films of thickness up to few 100 nm. In this study, various rectangular shapes of thin Cu films have been used to determine the shape induced geometric correction factors G. An expressions for G have been obtained as a function of film thickness t versus the probe spacing s. Using these expressions, the correction factors have been plotted separately for each cases as a function of (a) film thickness for fixed linear probe spacing and (b) probe distance from the edge of the film surface for particular thickness. Finally, we compare the experimental results of thin Cu films of various rectangular geometries with the theoretical reported results.
Effect of biochar use as a substrate on granadilla (Passiflora ligularis Juss.) growth parameters

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The impact of biochar on soils has been demonstrated, including its improvements of physical, chemical, and biological properties that promote agricultural production. This study aims to evaluate the effect of biochar on the growth of granadilla (Passiflora ligularis Juss.) seedlings. For this research, biochar was obtained from the pyrolysis of agricultural waste in a conical flame curtain reactor at temperatures between 400ºC and 500ºC for 90 min. The different biomasses used consisted of cholupa (Passiflora maliformis L.) fruit shells, residues of guamo (Inga spuria) wood, coffee (Coffea arabica L.) husks, and rice (Oryza sativa L.) husks. The biochar produced was mixed with Jiffy® brand peat in doses of 5%, 10%, and 20% (v/v) for each of the four types of biochar, with a control of 100% peat. For each treatment, 100 seedlings were planted, taking 12 random samples of each at 43, 57, and 71 d after sowing. Data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Levene test, followed by a factorial analysis of variance, evaluating variables such as dry weight, root length, leaf number, stem diameter, and chlorophyll index. The biochar obtained from the coffee husk promoted further growth, but its effectiveness decreased at a concentration of 20%.
Estrogenic and antiestrogenic compounds from natural products

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Boksh K, Kanthasamy S, Divall P, et al. Hexapod Circular Frame Fixation for Tibial Non-union: A Systematic Review of Clinical and Radiological Outcomes. Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr 2022;17(3):172-183.
Diagnosis and Management of Mucosal Lesions With the Potential for Malignant Transformation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common oral cancer of the head and neck region. Up to 50 percent of these cancers have spread by the time of diagnosis; therefore, early diagnosis is vital. Oral lichen planus and epithelial dysplasia are two of the most common types of oral lesions with the potential for malignant transformation. The epidemiology and management of these conditions are discussed in this review.