jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
GluCEST MRI at 3.0 T Identifies Glutaminase Alteration in Patients with Stroke

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study investigated the feasibility of GluCEST at 3.0 T for detecting the change of glutamate in the human brain after stroke. The imaging capability of glutamate is validated on the phantom and human brain, respectively. Glutamate at physiological concentrations could be detected by in vitro MRI. The findings of an in vivo investigation revealed that the GluCEST signal of stroke patients differs from that of healthy individuals and that this difference may be detected by 3.0 T MRI. This work provides fresh insights into the use of endogenous glutamate MRI imaging.
A206 INVESTIGATING IBD TRANSITION READINESS AND FAMILY DYNAMICS: THE ADOLESCENT AND PRIMARY CAREGIVER PERSPECTIVE

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic, immune-mediated disease that can lead to significant burden for both patients and families, with rates of childhood IBD rapidly increasing. Similar to other childhood chronic diseases, the transition between pediatric and adult care services can be challenging for patients and families and has been associated with poorer health outcomes immediately following transfer. This aspect of care is still a relatively new integration into IBD care and there are limited evidence-based approaches to appropriately support patients and their families during this transition. AIMS: The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between the quality of parent-child relationships and patient readiness to transition to adult care. METHODS: This was an exploratory study that employed a cross-sectional design whereby participants were recruited in transition clinics held at a tertiary care pediatric hospital in Nova Scotia. Adolescent participants completed three questionnaires: Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ), Successful Transition to Adulthood with Therapeutics (STARX), and PROMIS Pediatric Family Relationships Questionnaire. Parent participants completed two questionnaires: STARX Parent proxy and the PROMIS Parent Family Relationships Questionnaire. Spearman correlations were used to determine potential associations between pediatric and parent transition readiness, as well as assess the patient-parent relationship. RESULTS: A total of 16 patient-parent dyads were recruited, with recruitment ongoing until December 2018. Adolescents had a mean age of 17.56 years (SD=0.51 years). The mean overall TRAQ-Adol score was 71.27 (SD=18.70, range 35–102). The mean overall STARX-Adol score was 53.47 (SD=7.75, range 43–70 points). The mean overall PROMIS-Adol score was 198.69 (SD=37.07, range 129–235 points). Parent STARX scores were similar, with a mean overall score of 51.75 (SD=8.14, range 27–66 points). The mean PROMIS-parent score was 208.92 (SD=26.24, range 152–235 points). PROMIS-parent and STARX-parent scores were strongly correlated (Spearman’s rho=0.80), however significant associations were lost in subsequent analyses with PROMIS-Adol, STARX-Adol, TRAQ, and STARX scores. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated the influence of family relationships and different stakeholder perspectives on transition readiness. The strength of the association between parent scores of relationship quality and transition readiness further supports the notion that transition success can be attributed to the relationship between the adolescent and the parent. Within the clinical context, it may be valuable to incorporate transition readiness assessments and consider the adolescent-parent relationship into clinical care treatment plans. FUNDING AGENCIES: CAG, None
Effect of Presurgical Nasoalveolar Molding in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Infants

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

구순구개열은 얼굴에 발생하는 다양한 종류의 기형 중 빈번히 발생하는 기형으로, 발생 빈도는 일반적으로 1000명당 0.28~3.74명으로 알려져 있으나 파열의 종류, 인종 및 성별에 따라 큰 차이를 보인다. 구순구개열의 치료는 수술영역에서 많은 발전이 있었지만 수술만으로는 문제점을 해결하기는 어렵다. 파열부 간격을 줄이고 구순열 수술을 용이하게 하기 위한 술전 신생아 정형술의 개념이 1950년 McNeil에 의해 개발되었으며, 최근에는 술전 비치조 정형장치(presurgical nasoalveolar molding appliance, PNAM)를 사용하여 치조골뿐만 아니라 코의 모양을 정상화하려는 시도가 이루어지고 있다. 세 명의 환자가 편측성 구순구개열로 진단받은 후 술전비치조정형장치 장착을 위해 의뢰되었다. 레진과 교정용와이어를 이용하여 제작한 K-NAM 장치물을 입술 성형 수술을 시행하기 전까지 장착하였다. 첫 내원시와 nasal molding을 시행하여 입술 성형 수술을 하기 직전, 입술 성형 수술 이후 콧구멍의 높이, 너비, 비주의 각도를 측정하여 비교한 결과 세 증례에서 모두 코의 대칭성이 증가하며 술 후 심미개선에 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. K-NAM 장치물은 장치의 장착, 유지, 조절이 용이하고 장착한 상태에서 수유가 가능하기 때문에 장착시간을 증가시킬 수 있다. 따라서 nasal molding이 가능한 한정된 기간 안에 최대의 효과를 기대할 수 있다. 그리고 젖병을 빠는 행위가 가능해짐으로써 동시에 구강조직의 발달에도 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이라 생각한다. Cleft lip and palate, the most common craniofacial anomalies, are severe congenital defects that have an incidence of 0.28 to 3.74 per 1000 live births. Although there has been great improvement in the field of cleft surgery, surgical approach cannot be the single solution to resolve the various problems encountered in patients with cleft lip and palate. The concept of presurgical infant orthopedics (PSIO) for gradual closure of the cleft gap and simplified surgical performance was first introduced by McNeil in 1950. Recently, there are many attempts not only to approximate the alveolar segments but also to reshape the nasal cartilage. Three infants with unilateral cleft lip and palate were referred from the department of Plastic Surgery for presurgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM). Maxillary appliances using resin with orthodontic wire were fabricated. Then these appliance was applied until patients underwent lip surgery. In all cases, the patients could wear the appliance all day since they were able to eat even with the appliance on, This resulted in significant improvements in the nasal symmetry were found. Our appliance, namely K-NAM, extends the wearing time within the limited period and as a result it is expected to maximize the treatment effects. Used properly, this appliance would play a major role in enhancing nasal symmetry with satisfactory results.
No wings attached? Civil–military relations and agent intrusion in the procurement of fighter jets

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article studies civil–military relations in defence procurement. Applying insights from the principal–agent model, we argue that decision-making about defence procurement is inherently vulnerable to agency problems. Given the technical nature of these dossiers, governments and parliaments are often heavily dependent upon military expertise, creating leeway for defence administrations to steer decision-making towards their preferences. By means of a case study of the replacement of the F-16 fighter jets in Belgium, we examine whether and how complex defence procurement dossiers allow for exploitation of expertise through strategic information management from the defence administration to the Minister of Defence. In addition, empirics reveal a to date unexplored phenomenon of agent intrusion. It captures the situation in which an agent takes a prominent formal advisory position within the decision-making apparatus of its political principal, providing additional means to outplay its information advantage over the principal in favour of its own interests.
Exploration of Fatigue in Second Year Nursing Students

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this descriptive study was to explore fatigue in second year nursing students at a university in southwestern Ontario. The study examined the perceptions of fatigue at the end of clinical consolidation in second year and the predictors of fatigue. A sample of 66 undergraduate nursing students completed a demographic questionnaire and the Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion Recovery (OFER) scale. Findings revealed that nursing students experienced moderate levels of fatigue with low inter-shift recovery. More than half of participants felt exhausted at work. The majority of participants reported having no energy left after a typical work period. Over half indicated they often felt fatigued from the end of one shift to the start of another. Student role demands and being a night person chronotype were predictors of fatigue. Further research is recommended to examine the impact of student nurse fatigue on patient safety, student nurse well-being and retention.
Thyroidal radioisotope uptake in euthyroid cats: a comparison between

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Two thyroidal evaluation systems in euthyroid cats (n = 12) were compared. A single, confirmed hyperthyroid cat was included for interest. Firstly, thyroidal uptake of an intravenous bolus of approximately 111 MBq (3 mCi) 99M TcO4 - was estimated by using a scintillation camera and calculating the ratio of thyroid to salivary activities at 20 min and 4 h. Thyroid to salivary activity ratios were 1:1 at 20 min and 2:1 at 4 h. Two discrete areas of salivary uptake were identified, namely a parotid/mandibular complex and a more rostral buccal/sublingual complex. These results were compared to radioiodine uptake of an oral dose of approximately 0.925 MBq (25 µCi) 131 I using a standard thyroid uptake system, measured at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24 and 48 h after administration. Mean radioiodine thyroidal uptake started at 33 % at 1 h, stabilised at 21 % between 4 and 24 h, and dropped to 18 % at 48 h. There was a significant correlation between the early thyroid:salivary ratio of the parotid/mandibular complex and the radioiodine uptake at 12 h. 131 I, 99M TcO4 - .
Structure constants of twist-two light-ray operators in the triple Regge limit

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The structure constants of twist-two operators with spin j in the BFKL limit g<sup>2</sup> → 0, j → 1 and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mfrac> <msup> <mi>g</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mi>j</mi> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- - --></mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> </math> ~ 1 are found from the calculation of the three-point correlator of twist-two light-ray operators in the triple Regge limit. It is well known that the anomalous dimensions of twist-two operators in this limit are determined by the BFKL intercept. Similarly, the obtained structure constants are determined by an analytic function of three BFKL intercepts.
Dispelling Myths About Schizophrenia Using Film

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Portrayals of schizophrenia in popular film contribute to misinformation about treatment of schizophrenia. Can film by used to educate? This study examined the effectiveness of viewing film portrayals of accurate vs. inaccurate information about schizophrenia in correcting misinformation. A video was constructed consisting of segments from popular movies and documentaries that contrasted inaccurate and accurate illustrations of schizophrenia. College students were randomly assigned to either the video presentation or traditional lecture on schizophrenia, and later tested on their knowledge of schizophrenia. Results showed knowledge improvement following both video and lecture, with video having a greater corrective effect for female students after viewing 3 of the 8 segments. These results are discussed with reference to sex‐role socialization and empathetic identification.
:A Shattered Nation: The Rise and Fall of the Confederacy, 1861–1868.(Civil War America.)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this book, Anne Sarah Rubin reproduces the words and arguments of Confederates to explore the nature of Confederate nationalism. Based on a reading of the print culture of the Confederacy and some private letters and diaries, Rubin looks at Confederate nationalism through the eyes of its proponents rather than opponents. As such, she presents us with a comprehensive discussion of the ideas and feelings of supporters of the Confederacy during the Civil War and Reconstruction. Unfortunately, Rubin's decision to leave unionists, dissenters, and African Americans out of her narrative, and the conflation of the term southerner with Confederate, yields a rather uncritical picture of Confederate nationalism. Even her discussion of women and gender relations in the Confederacy goes against recent, more complex portrayals of southern women during the Civil War and harks back to older stereotypes of all southern white women as die-hard Confederates and rebels. Although this book relies heavily on Confederate propaganda and the viewpoint of prominent Confederates, Rubin's interpretations are often in conflict with her evidence. For instance, she claims that from the start Confederate nationalism was constructed around the example of the American Revolution rather than slavery. But she goes on to quote prominent proslavery ideologues like George Fitzhugh and Stephen Elliot, who recognized the centrality of slavery in the creation of a separate southern nation and Confederate identity. Moderates rather than southern fire-eaters and secessionists, as many historians of the Confederacy have argued, dominated its creation. But this does not mean that they were any less committed to racial slavery. At times, Rubin's arguments are contradictory. Thus, Confederates denigrated the Puritan heritage of the North in contrast to their Cavalier culture, but at the same time they were supposedly attempting to found their own “city on a hill.” The Confederate version of Yankee Doodle Dandy, which she reproduces in its entirety, nicely reveals the historical and ideological distance between the American Revolution and the Confederate nation. Confederates may have invoked the example of the revolution to legitimize their secession, but it is highly doubtful, as Rubin claims, that the American Revolution rather than the defense of racial slavery was the lodestar of Confederate national identity. Surprisingly, she does not use the Confederate constitution, which was modeled after the United States constitution but had specific protections for slavery and introduced the word “slavery,” to bolster her argument.
Damage‐informed ground motion and semi‐empirical fragility assessment

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Calibrating parametric fragility curves via empirical damage data is one of the standard approaches to derive seismic structural vulnerability models. Fragilities based on empirical data require the characterization of the ground motion (GM) intensity at the building sites in the area affected by the earthquake producing the observed damages. This is commonly conducted via ShakeMap, that is, a map of the expected values of a Gaussian random field (GRF) of the logarithms of a GM intensity measure conditional to magnitude, location, and possibly a set of recordings of the earthquake. Once that intensity and damage data at the same sites are available, the typical approach calibrates a two‐parameter fragility model. However, ShakeMap estimates are affected by uncertainty deriving from that of the GM model used to characterize it. Furthermore, such an uncertainty can be reduced by building damage data, which provide information on the shaking intensity at the sites where damage is observed. It is shown herein that if this uncertainty is not addressed, also considering the shaking information provided by damage, the estimates of the fragility parameters obtained using a median ShakeMap only can be biased, and a recommended maximum likelihood estimation procedure – which exploits the expectation maximization algorithm – is provided. These arguments are illustrated via an application considering damage data from the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake in central Italy.
Long term trends in seasonal specific discharges for selected Alaskan rivers

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

As global climate warming has occurred, the arctic and sub-arctic regions have begun to see changes in surface water transport, both in terms of seasonal patterns and total discharge [Dornblaser and Striegl, 2007; Walvoord and Striegl, 2007]. While it is known that discharge has been increasing in the arctic, the exact timing of this trend is less well-documented. This study carried out analysis on 24 sites across Alaska using long-term USGS monthly records to identify trends that have emerged for each month of the year as well as regional variations. Across all sites, 45.8% of all months have had a significant change in specific discharge. The Arctic Slope and Southwest regions had the most statistically significant changes. In many sites, specific discharge has increased in May and decreased in June, indicating an earlier spring runoff season. Across all regions, specific discharge has increased in the fall and winter. Specific discharge records were broken at the year 2000 into an early and late group, which were compared. This revealed that December was the month in which most rivers exhibited changing seasonality, although almost half the sites had significant change in January, February, and April as well. In terms of regional differences, the Southwest and Arctic Slope regions had the highest percentage of statistical significance, however almost all regions were fairly similar.
Mite (Acari; Arachnida) diversity of two native plants in fragments of a semideciduous seasonal forest in Brazil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Studies to determine mite species richness in natural environments are still scarce, and have been conducted mainly in tropical ecosystems. The aim of this study was to determine the species richness of mites on two common native plants in fragments of the semideciduous seasonal forest in the Northwest of São Paulo State, Brazil. In each of eight fragments, 10 specimens of Actinostemon communis (Euphorbiaceae) and 10 of Trichilia casaretti (Meliaceae) were selected and marked. In total, 124 species of mites belonging to 21 families were found on the two plants. Tarsonemidae had the highest diversity (34 species), followed by Phytoseiidae (31), Tetranychidae (9) and Tenuipalpidae (8). Species accumulation curves for the two sampled plants did not reach an asymptote, even with the large sampling effort. Hence, it is estimated that a greater sampling effort may lead to an increase in species richness compared with what was found in this study. The richness of this mite fauna suggests that preservation of these plant species is important to maintain the mite diversity in these forest fragments. © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Online versus traditional classroom instruction: an examination of developmental English courses at an Alabama community college

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A study was conducted at a community college in northeast Alabama to determine how the format of developmental English courses impacted student withdrawal rates and final grades. The two course formats examined were online/hybrid and face-to-face courses. Data were obtained from a 4-semester time frame: fall 2012, spring 2013, summer 2013, and fall 2013. It was determined that students enrolled in the online course were far more likely to withdraw from the course or attain a nonpassing, nontransferable grade than their counterparts who chose the face-to-face course format. The researchers found similar results to larger studies at community colleges in Virginia and the state of Washington.
Homogeneity of Two Semisolid Formulations Using Simple In-tube Mixing Method

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

To accelerate therapeutic effects, the mixtures of two or more topical pharmaceutical products having different medicinal purposes are often applied in the medical field. In this study, we aimed to develop a simple mixing method/procedure to achieve excellent homogeneity in the mixture of two topical products, a steroidal ointment and a skin moisturizer. To assess an in-tube mixing method as a simple mixing procedure, we injected both topical products into an empty resin tube, a flexible hollow tube with an open end that can be closed on one side, and a closed end on the other, removed as less air as possible inside the tube, and then thermocompressed (sealed) the open end to close it. The two topical products were then mixed uniformly by repeated finger pressure along the longitudinal axis of the tube. The homogeneity of the two topical products in the tube was evaluated by measuring the content of methyl paraoxybenzoate (MP), an additive loaded in the skin moisturizer. In addition, the mixability was qualitatively evaluated from the distribution of white petrolatum, another additive loaded in the steroid ointment, using Raman spectroscopy. As a result, the measured value of MP relative to the label claim was in the range of 100±12%, and the coefficients of variation value was also less than 12%. These results indicate that the in-tube mixing method using two topical products is approximately hologenetic preparations that do not cause therapeutic problems.
Reversible coordination and facilitated transport of molecular nitrogen in poly((vinylcyclopentadienyl)manganese) membrane

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReversible coordination and facilitated transport of molecular nitrogen in poly((vinylcyclopentadienyl)manganese) membraneHiroyuki Nishide, Hiroyoshi Kawakami, Yoshimi Kurimura, and Eishun TsuchidaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 18, 7175–7179Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00200a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00200a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views192Altmetric-Citations92LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rapid Identification of Malaria Vaccine Candidates Based on a-Helical Coiled Coil Protein Motif

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

To identify malaria antigens for vaccine development, we selected a-helical coiled coil domains of proteins predicted to be present in the parasite erythrocytic stage. The corresponding synthetic peptides are expected to mimic structurally ‘‘native’’ epitopes. Indeed the 95 chemically synthesized peptides were all specifically recognized by human immune sera, though at various prevalence. Peptide specific antibodies were obtained both by affinity-purification from malaria immune sera and by immunization of mice. These antibodies did not show significant cross reactions, i.e., they were specific for the original peptide, reacted with native parasite proteins in infected erythrocytes and several were active in inhibiting in vitro parasite growth. Circular dichroism studies indicated that the selected peptides assumed partial or high a-helical content. Thus, we demonstrate that the bioinformatics/chemical synthesis approach described here can lead to the rapid identification of molecules which target biologically active antibodies, thus identifying suitable vaccine candidates. This strategy can be, in principle, extended to vaccine discovery in a wide range of other pathogens.