jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Temperature Dependence and Interferences of NO and N2O Microelectrodes Used in Wastewater Treatment

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Electrodes for nitric and nitrous oxide have been on the market for some time, but have not yet been tested for an application in wastewater treatment processes. Both sensors were therefore assessed with respect to their (non)linear response, temperature dependence and potential cross sensitivity to dissolved compounds, which are present and highly dynamic in nitrogen conversion processes (nitric oxide, nitrous oxide, nitrogen dioxide, ammonia, hydrazine, hydroxylamine, nitrous acid, oxygen, and carbon dioxide). Off-gas measurements were employed to differentiate between cross sensitivity to interfering components and chemical nitric oxide or nitrous oxide production. Significant cross sensitivities were detected for both sensors: by the nitrous oxide sensor to nitric oxide and by the nitric oxide sensor to ammonia, hydrazine, hydroxylamine and nitrous acid. These interferences could, however, be removed by correction functions. Temperature fluctuations in the range of ±1 °C lead to artifacts of ±3.5% for the nitric oxide and ±3.9% for the nitrous oxide sensor and can be corrected with exponential equations. The results from this study help to significantly shorten and optimize the determination of the correction functions and are therefore relevant for all users of nitric and nitrous oxide electrodes.
Research on the Application of Computer Technology in the Dissemination and Promotion of Folk Art Culture

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Art culture is the traditional culture of the Chinese nation, such as paper-cut, which is the most ancient folk customs, one of the most distinctive folk art, it has a long history, enduring, It is the treasure of Chinese folk art, and also a treasure in the world art treasure house. The art culture passed down from generation to generation reflects the profound traditional thoughts and ancient culture of China. Folk art is inherited and distributed in a wide range of areas in China, and has diversified skills and styles, forming a relatively stable art form and self-sufficient modeling and expression system. The paper cutting is applied to modern computer design, endowing modern computer design with inherent traditional cultural characteristics.
Semi-Distributed Relay Selection Algorithm for Multi-User Cooperative Wireless Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose a novel semi-distributed algorithm with low overhead and complexity for multi-user cooperative wireless networks with opportunistic relaying. The source is required to satisfy its minimum rate requirement with a feasible relay and help another source as a relay. The optimal solution can be obtained by exhaustive search with intractable computational complexity. Simulation results suggest that the proposed relay selection algorithm has the similar outage probability as the exhaustive search approach but with much less computational burden.
Jangka Waktu Pengembalian Barang Elektronik Sistem Garansi Perspektif Mazhab Syafi’i Dan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen Nomor 8 Pasal 27 Huruf (E) Tahun 1999

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In a transaction, especially electronic goods cannot be separated from the possibility of defects or damage to goods, thus causing electronic goods manufacturers to provide guarantees (warranties) to consumers. Law Number 8 Article 27 Letter (e) of 1999 discusses consumer protection, which one of the articles is the period for demanding damaged goods is 4 years or in accordance with the contract, not exceeding the maximum period. This study aims to describe the period of return of electronic goods warranty system from the perspective of shafi'I school of thought and the period of return of electronic goods warranty system according to consumer protection law number 8 article 27 letter (e) of 1999. The research method used is a qualitative method through data techniques in the form of, observation, and documentation. The analysis technique uses the content analysis method. The results of the study concluded that: Imam Shafi'i Mazhab argues that the state of khiyar is not more than three days, it is a relief (rukshah). In transactions, especially electronic products, manufacturers use a warranty system that is in accordance with Law No. 8 Article 27 letter (e). The period to sue for defective goods is 4 years or according to the contract, not exceeding the maximum period.
Carney complex with PRKAR1A mutation: A case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Carney complex is a multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome with various features which include myxomas, endocrine tumours and lentigines lesions. We report a case of Carney complex with components of lentigines, ACTH independent adrenal Cushing’s syndrome (with a paradoxical increase in 24 hour urinary cortisol following the high dose (8mg) dexamethasone suppression test – and is likely to be due to primary pigmented nodular adrenal hyperplasia) positive for a protein kinase A type 1A regulatory subunit (PRKAR1A) gene mutation.
From the perspective of the analysis of pitch

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this academic research is to analyse a declamation style of Musorgskys the Nursery songs focused on pitch.　It is said that Musorgskys declamation changed entirely from 1869 to 1871.　However past studies were concentrated and conducted on a rhythm or a note value and only few of them referred to a pitch.　Therefore we analyze Musorgskys declamation style based on experimental technique that compares reading aloud with music scores.　The result of comparison showed that Musorgskys declamation in pitch also changed around 1870.　The intonation applied in songs composed from 1868 to early 1870 are much closer and similar to an intonation of spoken Russian language than songs composed from latter 1870 to 1872.
SPORADIC SEPTIC SORE THROAT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Septic sore throat in epidemic form has been described as a disease due to hemolytic streptococci spread by milk. A study1of an epidemic in 1911 led to the recognition of an encapsulated streptococcus forming larger colonies than ordinary hemolytic streptococcus and described as Streptococcus epidemicus. In investigations of milk borne epidemics this organism has been identified as the cause of the mastitis in the cow, which was the source of the streptococci in the milk that was responsible. Of great interest has been the uniform epidemiology of the epidemics properly studied, with constant finding of streptococci corresponding to Streptococcus epidemicus. White,2in a review of subsequent epidemics, emphasizes the relationship of this organism to epidemic sore throat. The epidemic3at Baraboo, Wis., was traced to milk from a cow with mastitis. Strains of hemolytic streptococci from the udder of the cow and from throats or ears
Music Based Assessment for Cognitive Functions for Spanish-Speaking Adults With Acquired Brain Injury (ECMUS): A Pilot-Validation Study.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Acquired brain injury (ABI) commonly causes cognitive dysfunction that needs to be assessed and treated to maximize rehabilitation outcomes. Research suggests that music, emotion, and cognition are intimately linked, and that music can contribute to the assessment and treatment of cognitive functions of adults who have suffered from ABI. To this date, no standardized music based assessment tool exists to identify and measure cognitive functioning and mood states of Spanish-speaking persons with ABI at treatment intake and over time. The objective of this study was to develop such a scale and determine its psychometric properties in terms of internal consistency, reliability, and concurrent validity. The "Evaluación de la Cognición Musical para Adultos con Lesión Cerebral Adquirida" (in English "Music Based Assessment for Cognitive Functions of Adults with Acquired Brain Injury - ECMUS") was developed and tested at a neurorehabilitation institute in Argentina. Twenty-four healthy adults and 20 adults with ABI were recruited and assessed with the ECMUS. Despite the limited number of participants, this preliminary psychometric examination shows promising results. The tool has an acceptable internal consistency, excellent test-retest and inter-rater reliability, and, depending on the subscale, weak to strong correlations to related, nonmusical constructs. Overall, this pilot study opens the possibility to further explore the inclusion of music in assessment procedures of Spanish-speaking individuals with ABI in rehabilitation settings. It is clinically derived and emphasizes evidence-based contributions of the field of music therapy to interdisciplinary assessment and treatment in rehabilitation settings.
Flowering of Guadua trinii (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Flowering in bamboo is an unusual event. Documenting flowering individuals or populations provides valuable information about bamboo life cycles. Guadua trinii is endemic to northeastern Argentina, southern Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. We here report the flowering of this species in native and cultivated stands in Argentina and confirm its flowering cycle to be of 30-33 years.
The Effects of Country-Line Dancing on Cardiorespiratory Endurance, Muscular Strength/Endurance, Flexibility, Agility, and Balance in the Elderly

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Exercise is an effective tool for combating the deteriorating effects of aging. Exercise can improve functional fitness and thus quality of life in the elderly. To determine whether country-line dancing (CLD) improves functional fitness in older adults, seventeen subjects ages 59 and above performed six weeks of CLD. A variety of dances were performed for one-hour classes two times per week. Cardiorespiratory endurance, strength, flexibility, agility, and balance were assessed. A cross-over design was utilized. The between groups comparison showed large improvements in strength and agility; a moderate effect in cardiorespiratory endurance; and low or minimal effects in flexibility and balance. The within groups comparison showed large improvements in cardiorespiratory endurance, agility, and balance; and minimal effects in flexibility and strength. Results appear to indicate a trend of CLD being an alternative mode to achieving functional fitness in the elderly cohort.
The effect of ternary additions on the structural and mechanical properties of B2 phase FeCo magnetic alloy

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract FeCo alloy constitutes an important class of soft-magnetic materials with a wide range of technological applications. This class of materials offers exceptional magnetic properties due to their rare combination of good properties like high mechanical strength, and high saturation magnetization. Fortunately, this alloy has good magnetic properties, but shows low levels of ductility at room temperature. This study intends to use density functional theory (DFT), to understand how ternary alloying with Pd and Mn can improve the ductility of B2 FeCo system. We probe the relationship between stability and composition of the ternary Fe 50 Co 50− x M x (M = Pd, Mn) with different M content. Furthermore, the study also investigates how ternary alloying affects the stability of the B2 FeCo alloy. There is a significant enhancement of ductility with Mn addition than Pd ternary addition. It is noteworthy that small composition of Pd (< 10 at.%) does not compromise the valuable properties of FeCo. The findings suggest that Fe 50 Co 50− x M x alloys can be used for the future development of magnetic components with good strength. Graphical abstract The effect of ternary additions on the structural and mechanical properties of B2 phase FeCo magnetic alloy.
Defining the word in Chinese

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

For speakers of some languages, the ‘word’ is a robustly intuitive notion. But it seems that no matter what the language, we have a hard time providing an exact definition that encompasses all and only those entities that our intuition tells us are words (see, e.g., Anderson 1985b: 153–4). This means that the concept ‘word’ is nothing if not elusive, and suggests that perhaps there is no concept of word that is universally applicable. Indeed, if there is no cross-linguistic, or universal psycholinguistic evidence for the existence of the word, then we may well doubt the validity of the word as a primitive natural language construct. It could a priori be the case that there is really no such thing in absolute terms as the ‘word’, and that it is just an artifactual linguistic construct that happens to coincide with salient units intermediate between morphemes and phrases that happen to appear in many of the world's languages.
A Collaborative Filtering Algorithm Based on Variance Analysis of Attributes-Value Preference

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Collaborative filtering is the state-of-the-art and widely applied method in personalized recommendation systems. However, the problem of precision resulting from sparsity exists chronically. To address the issue, we develop collaborative filtering algorithm that incorporates the variance analysis of attributes-value preference, which can improve recommending precision further. What we operate on is based on the new user-item rating matrix that has been reduced in dimensionality via singular value decomposition. Firstly, user ratings can be mapped to relevant item attributes for establishing attributes-value preference (AP) matrix. Variance matrix of AP (VAP) is proposed to compute the similarity between users that incorporate with the mean of it. Thus, the rating prediction is calculated to generate the top-N items for target user. The experiment suggests that it can increase the precision of collaborative filtering recommendation.
Increased Serum N-CML, VEGF and ICAM-1 is Associated with Photoreceptor Inner Segment Ellipsoid Disruption in Diabetic

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Consecutive cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the 40-65 age group were included to study the association of serum N-CML, VEGF and ICAM-1 with photoreceptor inner segment ellipsoid disruption in diabetic retinopathy. Study subjects included patients with type 2 DM (diabetes mellitus with no retinopathy (No DR; n=40); non- proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR; n=39); proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR; n=39)) and healthy controls (n=39) between the ages of 40 and 65 years. Disruption of photoreceptor inner segment ellipsoid (ISel)was graded by spectral domain optical coherence tomography. The serum levels of N-CML, VEGF and ICAM-1were analyzed using the standard protocol. Data was statistically analyzed. A significant difference was found between the serum levels of N-CML, VEGF and ICAM- 1 and the various study groups (p<0.001). A positive correlation was found between the photoreceptor ISel disruption and the levels of N-CML (r=0.68, p<0.0001), VEGF (r=0.36, p=0.001) and ICAM-1 (r=0.36, p=0.001). A significant positive correlation was found between log MAR visual acuity and grade of disruption (r=0.9, p<0.0001). Present study highlighted the positive correlation of N-CML, VEGF and ICAM-1 with photoreceptor structural integrity and visual acuity in diabetic retinopathy providing further insight into the pathogenesis of the disease. Thus serum N-CML, VEGF and ICAM-1levels can be used as prognosticator of photoreceptor disruption in diabetic retinopathy.
Inhibition of the lower oesophageal sphincter by fat— a mechanism for fatty food intolerance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The effect of fat and protein meals on the lower oesophageal sphincter pressure was tested in normal subjects using an infused open-tipped manometric system. After ingestion of a minced beef meal, the mean peak pressure at the lower oesophageal sphincter increased 5·8 ± 1·5 mm Hg (± 1 SE). By contrast, ingestion of a corn oil meal resulted in a mean peak decrease of 7·8 ± 1·9 mm Hg. Following the combined minced beef/corn oil meal, mean peak pressure decreased 3·0 ± 2·1 mm Hg. Pentagastrin (3 μg/kg, subcutaneously) resulted in a mean peak increase of 20·6 ± 7·0 mm Hg when given to the subjects in the fasting state, and produced an increase of only 8·4 ± 1·7 mm Hg when given following the fat meal. Finally, after a mean peak decrease in pressure at the lower oesophageal sphincter of 6·8 ± 1·0 mm Hg 15 minutes after the corn oil meal, gastric alkalinization with 30 ml of antacid resulted in a subsequent increase in sphincter pressure of 5·2 ± 1·6 mm Hg. These data indicate: (1) Fat attenuates the effect of endogenous gastrin as well as exogenous pentagastrin stimulation of the lower oesophageal sphincter. (2) Fat-induced incompetency of the lower oesophageal sphincter can be effectively combated by gastric alkalinization in the form of antacids.
In Vivo Discoveries in MDM2-Mediated p53 Regulation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The transcription factor p53 is a stress sensor and tumor suppressor. Its many target genes contribute to tumor suppression through regulation of cell cycle arrest, senescence, apoptosis, and metabolism. Ubiquitously transcribed and translated, p53 regulation is primarily mediated through mouse double minute 2 (MDM2). MDM2 binds to p53, inhibits its transcriptional activation capabilities, and harbors E3 ubiquitin ligase activity to facilitate p53 degradation. Upon cellular stress, upstream signaling transducers modify or bind MDM2 to prevent its inhibition of p53. Ribosomal proteins (RPs) bind to MDM2 either in the response to ribosomal biogenesis stress or oncogenic overproduction of RPs, which occurs in cancer due to increased proliferation. p19ARF also transduces hyperproliferative signals, inhibiting MDM2 to stabilize p53. Both p19ARF- and RP-MDM2 binding are important for p53 activation following oncogenic c-MYC overexpression, but whether these interactions are interdependent was unknown. We utilized mice bearing the MDM2C305F mutation, which disrupts RPL11- and RPL5-MDM2 binding, crossed them with mice containing deletion of p19ARF, and examined c-MYC-induced tumorigenesis. We found that concomitant disruption of these signals enhanced tumorigenesis, indicating that RP-MDM2 and p19ARF-MDM2 binding are two distinct mechanisms causing c-MYC-induced p53 activation. Further, we examined whether RP-MDM2 interaction could transduce proliferative signals in cancers driven by other oncogenes. We crossed MDM2C305F mice to mice bearing an HrasG12V transgene or an ApcMin allele, which promote melanoma and colorectal tumor formation, respectively. We found that in response to RAS stimulation, RPL11 and RPL5 do not participate in MDM2 inhibition. In response to APC deletion, RPL11 and RPL5 expression and MDM2 binding are increased in a colon-specific manner. As a result, MDM2C305F mice experience increased colorectal tumorigenesis and decreased p53 activation. Collectively, these results suggest that RP-MDM2 interaction is important for transducing individual oncogenic stress signals in a p19ARF-independent manner. We have also examined the role of MDM2 E3 ligase activity in controlling p53 following the overexpression of c-MYC. Using mice bearing the MDM2Y487A mutation, which disrupts MDM2 E3 ligase activity, we found that MDM2 E3 ligase activity is dispensable for regulating p53 following oncogenic c-MYC overexpression and surprisingly that its disruption may provide a survival advantage.
Study of a possibility of observation of hidden-bottom pentaquark\n resonances in bottomonium photoproduction on protons and nuclei near\n threshold

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the $\\Upsilon(1S)$ meson photoproduction on protons and nuclei at\nthe near-threshold center-of-mass energies below 11.4 GeV (or at the\ncorresponding photon laboratory energies $E_{\\gamma}$ below 68.8 GeV). We\ncalculate the absolute excitation functions for the non-resonant and resonant\nphotoproduction of $\\Upsilon(1S)$ mesons off protons at incident photon\nlaboratory energies of 63--68 GeV by accounting for direct (${\\gamma}p \\to\n{\\Upsilon(1S)}p$) and two-step (${\\gamma}p \\to P^+_b(11080,11125,11130) \\to\n{\\Upsilon(1S)}p$) $\\Upsilon(1S)$ production channels within different scenarios\nfor the non-resonant total cross section of elementary reaction ${\\gamma}p \\to\n{\\Upsilon(1S)}p$ and for branching ratios of the decays\n$P^+_b(11080,11125,11130) \\to {\\Upsilon(1S)}p$. We also calculate an analogous\nfunctions for photoproduction of $\\Upsilon(1S)$ mesons on $^{12}$C and\n$^{208}$Pb target nuclei in the near-threshold center-of-mass beam energy\nregion of 9.0--11.4 GeV by considering respective incoherent direct (${\\gamma}N\n\\to {\\Upsilon(1S)}N$) and two-step (${\\gamma}p \\to P^+_b(11080,11125,11130) \\to\n{\\Upsilon(1S)}p$, ${\\gamma}n \\to P^0_b(11080,11125,11130) \\to {\\Upsilon(1S)}n$)\n$\\Upsilon(1S)$ production processes within a nuclear spectral function\napproach. We show that a detailed scan of the $\\Upsilon(1S)$ total\nphotoproduction cross section on a proton and nuclear targets in the\nnear-threshold energy region in future high-precision experiments at the\nproposed high-luminosity electron-ion colliders EIC and EicC in the U.S. and\nChina should give a definite result for or against the existence of the\nnon-strange hidden-bottom pentaquark states $P_{bi}^+$ and $P_{bi}^0$ ($i=$1,\n2, 3) as well as clarify their decay rates.\n
Lipase catalysed reactions of terpenoids : formation of hemiacetal esters : resolution of cryptone and its transformation to cadinenes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

During attempted enzyme-catalysed resolution of sterically hindered secondary alcohols, hemiacetals and their esters were unexpectedly detected. Hemiacetal esters are reactive compounds that decompose to alcohol, aldehyde and acid under ordinary work-up conditions i.e. in contact with water, acid, or silica gel. Thus, the presence of these side products might decrease the enantiomeric excess of the residual alcohol after workup of a lipase-catalysed resolution. The formation of these hemiacetal esters were further studied using both terpenoid and non-terpenoid substrate alcohols, various acyl donors, and lipases. The prerequisite for their formation is the presence of a sterically hindered substrate alcohol, an aldehyde or an aldehyde releasing acyl donor, and a lipase (PCL-L6, PCL-PS and CAL-B). Enantioselective synthesis of (S)- and (R)-cryptone was performed via a ring closing metathesis (RCM) of (S)- and (R)-6-isopropyl-1,7-octadien-3-one. The stereochemistry was induced by using pseudoephedrine as chiral auxiliary in an alkylation reaction which provided a chiral octadienone. Problems with removal of the RCM-catalyst resulted in low yields and low enantiomeric purity. In an alternative approach, racemic cryptone was subjected to conjugate addition with thiophenol followed by reduction to the corresponding alcohol. Lipase-catalysed resolution of this alcohol yielded, after oxidation and elimination, (R)- and (S)- cryptone with 76% and 98% ee, respectively. Marine fouling of immersed objects is a serious problem. Many coatings contain effective antifouling compounds having the drawback of being toxic to the marine environment. The marine natural product 10-isocyano-4-cadinene is a potentially non-toxic antifouling agent against the barnacle Balanus amphitrite and therefore an interesting target for organic synthesis. Cryptone was used as a starting material in attempted syntheses of this compound and other similar model compounds.