jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hitler's First War: Adolf Hitler, the Men of the List Regiment, and the First World War

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Despite the vast number of publications on Adolf Hitler, the question as to what caused a failed Austrian watercolour artist to metamorphose into a political demagogue has never been conclusively resolved. Thomas Weber’s latest book sets out to address this, challenging previous historiographical assumptions that it was the experience of fighting in the First World War that radicalized Hitler. This is an ambitious study, covering a substantial chronological sweep: the first half of the book investigates the First World War experiences of both Hitler and the List Regiment in which he served, and the second half explores not only Hitler’s experience of the German revolution and the role that his First World War service played in his rise to power, but also the postwar fate of List Regiment veterans and their experiences of the Nazi Party, the Third Reich and the Second World War. Weber’s book is built upon three key points: first, that the limited extent of Hitler’s role as a combatant during the war has been misunderstood by previous historians; second, that the war experiences of the regiment in which Hitler served, the List Regiment, can be used to gain a deeper understanding of Hitler’s own war service; and third, that a close analysis of the List Regiment shows that ordinary German soldiers were not brutalized by their First World War experiences.
Effect of POU1F1 Gene Haplotypes on Eights and Milk Production of Awassi Sheep

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of the study was to detect polymorphism in the POU1F1 gene in Iraqi Awassi sheep breed, as well as to establish if haplotype of POU1F1 gene could be associated with productive traits. This study was carried out at Al-Kafeel station, Karbala city during the period of 01/10/2017 until 01/08/2018. The study included 46 Awassi ewes with their 52 lambs. The laboratory analyses were conducted at the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah. Results showed the successfulness of the PCR amplification process for all six examined fragments of the POU1F1 gene. Gel electrophoresis was conducted using agarose 2%, the product sizes were 637bp, 789bp, 999bp, 868bp, 1190 bp, and 469bp for the fragments P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, and P6 respectively. The analysis of the nitrogen bases sequences of the POU1F1 gene for the studied fragments showed a change in 12 different sites of the gene. These changes resulted in 7 haplotypes of H1-H7. The results showed significant influence (P<0.05) in haplotypes of the POU1F1 gene on birth weight . However, haplotypes showed no significant effect on lambs’ weights at weaning, six months and daily weight gains during all periods. Statistical analysis showed that different haplotypes of the POU1F1 gene did not influence on milk productive traits. The examined fragments of the POU1F1 Awassi gene have been submitted to Gene Bank under the accession numbers (LC469323 to LC469349).
New taxa of Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae) from Thailand

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Five new species of the genus Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae) from Thailand are described and illustrated. They are Aristolochia hansenii Phuph., A. kongkandae Phuph., A. perangustifolia Phuph., A. poomae Phuph. and A. yalaensis Phuph.
The Health Crisis and the Financial Situation of Households in France – A Study on Monthly Bank Data

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Bonnet Odran, Boutin Simon, Loisel Tristan, Olivia Tom. Crise sanitaire et situation financière des ménages en France – Une étude sur données bancaires mensuelles / The Health Crisis and the Financial Situation of Households in France – A Study on Monthly Bank Data. In: Economie et Statistique / Economics and Statistics, n°534-35, 2022. pp. 21-42.
Defining DYRKs interactome: approaches for the characterization of proximity-dependent interactions and identification of direct substrates

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinases (DYRKs) are a conserved family of protein kinases present in all eukaryotes. In mammals, the association of DYRKs with a wide variety of putative substrates and interactors, in the cytoplasm and the nucleus, points to pleiotropic roles of these kinases in biological processes as cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. The relevance of these kinases is highlighted by their link with human disease when deregulated. However, DYRK targets have been mostly described in vitro, using heterogeneous model systems, methodologies and analysis, making difficult to establish clear mechanistic connections between DYRKs and the extent of their redundancy in vivo. To better understand DYRKs biological roles, this work implements approaches for the characterization of proximity-dependent interactions in cellulo, and identification of direct substrates in the same physiological context, and includes DYRK1A, its close paralogue DYRK1B and the distant member DYRK2. The analysis of the data provides a global view on these DYRKs’ interactomes, enabling the identification of differences and commonalities among them and the exploration novel functional relationships for each DYRK. In addition, the definition of the interactome of DYRK1A mutants lacking suspected docking domains has identified subset of proteins whose interaction with the kinase depends on those putative interaction surfaces. Overall, this study represents a comprehensive systematic analysis of the human DYRK1A, DYRK1B and DYRK2 interactomes and the generated network data serves as a highly valuable resource for assisting functional studies of these kinases in health and disease.
The Careers Education Curriculum: The 'Education for Choice' Project

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In launching the recent Teacher Training Agency (TTA) strategy documents Mrs Gillian Shephard was quoted as saying 'we can't afford to spend GEST funds on in-service training which does not lead directly to school improvement' (Times Educational Supplement, 31 March 1995). The initiative currently being undertaken by the TTA began with a statement which emphasised the focus of GEST (Grant for Education Support and Training) spending and the possibility of targeting funds on particular priority areas, but again no mention is made of the variety of approaches to the delivery of staff development or in-service training (INSET). What I believe the TTA should be interested in is the matter of the nature and quality of provision rather than what that provision is focused upon.
Optimizing the treatment sequence from second-line to third-line therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In clinical trials of metastatic colorectal cancer, progressive disease after second-line therapy is often defined according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria. In the clinic, however, disease progression can be identified through a composite of factors, including new lesions, carcinoembryonic antigen level, and symptoms such as pain and fatigue. It is optimal to switch to third-line treatment before the patient's performance status deteriorates. In the third-line setting, regorafenib and trifluridine tipiracil are approved for the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who are refractory to standard chemotherapy. Both of these treatments are associated with prolonged overall survival and progression-free survival in heavily pretreated patients. Data suggest that a chemotherapy break may be beneficial in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Some data suggest that treatments beyond the third-line setting might also improve outcome.
Penerapan Maksim Grice dalam Iklan Jual Beli Gadget pada Komunitas r/AppleSwap: Analisis Pragmatik dan Wacana

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study examines the application of Grice's maxims in gadget buying and selling ads in the r/AppleSwap community on Reddit. Using a combined qualitative-quantitative approach with pragmatic discourse analysis, the research explores the use of four maxims—quantity, quality, relevance, and manner—across 104 ads posted in September to December 2024. Data were collected using scraping through the PullPush API Reddit Search and documentation. The data were then analyzed qualitatively to examine the application of maxims and quantitatively to calculate the frequency of violations. The findings show that most ads adhere to the maxims, particularly in relevance, though violations were noted in the quantity maxim. These results suggest that adhering to Grice's maxims improves communication effectiveness, fosters trust between sellers and buyers, and promotes transparency in online transactions, contributing to more successful exchanges in the r/AppleSwap community.
Effect of nickel powder particle size on the microstructure and thermophysical properties of spark plasma sintered NiCrCoAlTiW-Ta superalloy

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The spark plasma sintering technique (SPS) was used to consolidate admixed elemental powder in order to fabricate NiCrCoAlTiW-Ta superalloy. Nickel which is the key element that formed the matrix powder particle size was varied in the range of 3-44, 45-106 and 106-150 μm. The effect of varying the starting powder particle size, on the formation of intermetallic phases was investigated. Also, important thermophysical properties in the development of superalloys for high temperature applications were investigated by using laser flash machine, in the range of 100-800 °C. The constituents of the microstructure for the sintered alloy includes, the gamma (γ) matrix phase (Ni), precipitated intermetallic gamma prime (γ’) phase Ni3(Al, Ti) and the precipitated solid solution strengthening elements (Cr and W). There was an increase in the density with decreasing powder particle size. Also, the averave grain size increased with increasing powder particle size. The thermophysical properties obtained, which include thermal conductivity and diffusivity increase with increasing temperature. Non-linear behaviour and inflection points were observed as the temperature increases due to short range order and disorder phenomenon which is associated with superalloys. The powder particle size has little or no significant effect of the thermophysical behaviour as the pattern observed were almost the same.
The art of sleep: examining sleep strategies in the general population with a focus on the use of music for sleep

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Summary Insomnia is highly prevalent and associated with serious health issues. Despite the negative impact of poor sleep on mind and body, most people do not seek treatment. This study aimed to examine the strategies used to improve sleep in the general population with a particular focus on music. A survey was distributed via Facebook advertisements to Danish adults aged ≥18 years. Among 3667 responders, a representative subsample of 1195 participants was randomly selected based on age and sex. Data analysis involved chi‐square tests and logistic regression with adjustments for age, sex, education, and insomnia status. The results showed that nearly all participants utilised strategies to aid their sleep, with the most common strategies being ‘following a routine’ (73%), ‘reducing caffeine in the afternoon/evening’ (65%) and ‘lowering the temperature in the bedroom’ (62%). Individuals with insomnia utilised significantly more strategies (average 8.4 strategies) compared to those without insomnia (average 6.6 strategies). Among all participants, 20% reported using music for sleep at least 1–2 times/month, whereas 11% used music for sleep weekly, and 4.5% used music almost daily. Music users tended to be younger, and they were also more likely to have insomnia. By evaluating 24 different sleep strategies, this study shows that people do several things to promote sleep in their daily lives. These findings enhance our understanding of sleep behaviour, providing an important fundament for targeting future public health interventions to reduce the use of sleep disruptive strategies and promote strategies known to improve sleep health.
Toward new design principles for superior gene silencing

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

RNA interference (RNAi) or “gene silencing” is a fascinating mechanism in which a cell utilizes a gene’s own RNA sequence to shut down expression of that gene. This process can be employed to investigate the role of genes in disease and to design therapeutic approaches involving gene silencing (1, 2). During the process of RNAi, “dicer” enzymes cut the RNA into small fragments, called small-interfering RNA (siRNA) or microRNA (miRNA), which bind to a special class of proteins called Argonaute proteins, particularly Argonaute 2 (Ago2), enabling the inhibition of target messenger RNA translation. RNAi is often used by cells as a defense mechanism against the infiltration of foreign nucleic acids from viruses and bacteria, but can be engineered in vitro to selectively silence genes. While genome editing technologies, such as CRISPR, “permanently” modify a gene, “temporary” silencing of genes at the mRNA level by siRNAs is desirable in many diseases and would have fewer associated off-target effects. Since the discovery of RNAi more than 20 years ago, the approach has attracted tremendous attention, due to the sheer versatility it provides in the manipulation of specific undruggable genes, with significant implications in many indications, including viral diseases and cancer (1⇓⇓⇓–5). Unlike small-molecule inhibitors or antibodies, siRNAs can act at the specific gene level (3). The delivery of siRNA may be more desirable as it can be delivered to the cytosol and does not require transport into the nucleus or interaction with chromosomal DNA, unlike miRNA (2).

A large library of siRNAs for many …

[↵][1]1Email: krangar1{at}jhmi.edu.

[1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Physicochemical and Antigenic Studies on Human γE in Respiratory Fluid

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The γE in sputum and nasal fluid specimens from asthmatic children behaves like the γE in serum on ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration and ultracentrifugation. No secretory piece antigen was demonstrable on the γE in respiratory exocrine fluids. Like the γE in serum, sputum γE sensitized monkey skin for passive cutaneous anaphylaxis.
Additional file 4 of The Glaesserella parasuis phosphoglucomutase is partially required for lipooligosaccharide synthesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Additional file 4. Construction of in-frame deletion and complementation strains of theHAPS_0849gene inG. parasuis. (A and B) Schematic diagram of the HAPS_0849 mutant or complementation strain constructed in this study. Abbreviations: Kanr, kanamycin resistance gene; Gmr, gentamicin resistance gene; Up, upstream sequence of HAPS_0849; Dn, downstream sequence of HAPS_0849. (C) Locus structure of the HAPS_0849 mutant or complementation strain. Detection primers are shown as solid black arrows. (D) PCR analysis confirming the constructs. Lane M, DNA molecular marker; lanes 1–3, SC096, ΔHAPS_0849 and complementation strain with primers P21 and P22, as shown in this figure part C; lanes 4-6, the same strains with primers P23 and P24; lanes 7 and 8, ΔHAPS_0849 and its complementation strain with primers P9 and P10.
Multimedia Adaptation in Ubiquitous Environments: Benefits of Structured Multimedia Documents

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper demonstrates the advantages of using structured multimedia documents for session management and media distribution in ubiquitous environments. We show how document manipulations can be used to perform powerful operations such as content to context adaptation and presentation continuity. When consuming media in ubiquitous environments, where the set of devices surrounding a user may change, dynamic media adaptation and session transfer become primary requirements. This paper presents a working system, based on a representative scenario, in which multimedia content is distributed and adapted to a movable user to best suit his/her contextual situation. The implemented scenario includes the following scenes: content selection using a personal mobile phone, content distribution to the most suitable device according to the user's context, and presentation continuity when the user moves to another location. This paper introduces the underlying document manipulations that turn the scenario into a working system.
Refractory Delayed Pneumocephalus after Transsphenoidal Cyst Drainage for Rathke's Cleft Cyst in a Patient with a Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract A 75-year-old man presented with bilateral lower limb weakness to our hospital from another clinic. Radiological examinations implied the possibilities of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) and a suprasellar cyst, but both were observed conservatively at that time. Due to the progressive gait disturbance, a lumboperitoneal shunt was implanted 1 year later. The clinical symptoms improved, but the cyst had grown after another year, causing visual impairment. Transsphenoidal drainage of the cyst was performed, but delayed pneumocephalus occurred. Repair surgery was performed with temporary suspension of shunt function, but pneumocephalus relapsed two and a half months after the resumption of shunt flow. In the second repair surgery, the shunt was removed because it was assumed that it would prevent closure of the fistula by lowering intracranial pressure. Two and a half months later, after confirming involution of the cyst and no pneumocephalus, a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was implanted, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage has not relapsed since then. The coexistence of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) and Rathke's cleft cyst (RCC) is rare, but it can occur. RCC can be cured by simple drainage, but delayed pneumocephalus can occur in cases whose intracranial pressure decreases due to CSF shunting. When simple drainage without sellar reconstruction for RCC is attempted after CSF shunting for coexistent iNPH, attention should be paid to changes in intracranial pressure, and it is desirable to stop the flow of the shunt for a certain period.
Fast magnetization switching in GaMnAs induced by electrical fields

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We study the electrical field induced magnetization reversal in a GaMnAs thin film magnet at the nanosecond scale. Quasi-static electrical fields deplete partially the magnetic material, reducing its magneto-crystalline cubic anisotropy and affecting its transport properties. We demonstrate that electrical field pulses can trigger the nucleation of domains with reversed magnetization. Pulse durations of 2.5 ns are enough to induce the nucleation, indicating precessional effects in the dynamical magnetic response. Full reversal can be obtained with 10 ns and 3 V and the assistance of magnetic fields substantially lower than the coercivity of the material in the absence of gate voltage.
Effect of Macro-Economic Variables on Economic Growth of Pakistan

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The point of this paper is to look at the effect of macroeconomic factors includes inflation rate, interest rate, exchange rate, and export rate on economic growth of Pakistan. The optional information has been taken for the years from 1968 to 2017. The result from linear regression model explains that inflation rate spread negative and insignificant impact on Pakistan economic growth while both interest rate and exchange rate spread negative and significant impact on Pakistan economic growth and export spread positive and significant impact on Pakistan economy. Therefore, all factors having less effect on the monetary development of the nation as a contrast with different elements which put a genuine effect on Pakistan economy condition.
Queer at 25: A Critical Perspective on Queerness, Politics and Futures

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

With a focus on contemporary South Africa, and through the lens of queer identity and politics, the article critiques the limitations and possibilities for queerness and its futures in post-apartheid South Africa. From the advent of constitutional democracy and its ushering in of human rights, the article analyses developments in the politics of sexuality in the context of enduring systems of violence, rooted in colonial and apartheid histories. Discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people – at the intersection with other forms of discrimination – has emerged as a focal point for political resistances in the post-apartheid period. These resistances are interrogated, including the paradoxes of rights struggles that they expose, and the contradictions between formal equality gains and present queer realities that they call attention to. With an emphasis on enduring inequalities within post-apartheid society, and on the racialisation of violence against queerness, the article explores various political formations of and for queer freedom. In navigating these dynamics of inequality and difference, the article urges a radical politics – both for relating as equals, and against the violent ends of othering.
STRATEGY FORMULATION OF PT. BANK PEMBANGUNAN DAERAH KALIMANTAN TIMUR

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purposes of this study are: 1. To find out the factors which become the main strengths and weaknesses of PT. Bank Pembangunan Daerah Kalimantan Timur 2. To find out the factors which become the opportunities and threat weaknesses of PT. Bank Pembangunan Daerah Kalimantan Timur 3. To find out the right strategies to be implemented in PT. Bank Pembangunan Daerah Kalimantan Timur. The population in this study is a group of management officials of PT. Bank Pembangunan Daerah Kalimantan Timur with total 5. headquarter employees. The results of this study show that the alternative strategy which can be implemented by management of PT. Bank Pembangunan Daerah Kalimantan Timur management based on the results of Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM), i.e. internal and external long-term implementation based on TAS (Total Atractiveness Score), i.e. Product innovation 3.15 + 3.07 = 6 , 22 Market research 2.69 + 2.98 = 5.67 Increasing the number of customers 2.89 + 3.02 = 5.91 Improvement of services 2.79 + 2.83 = 5.62, whereas the Implementation of Medium-term strategies are: 1. Providing information about the product provision that applied according to the provisions of Bank Indonesia 2. Providing up-to-date knowledge products enable the employees to be able to control the banking industry 3. Promoting activities in each corner of the market in the field of education, tourism and collaboration with local governments 4. Providing convenience in providing credit loans to customers according to their needs. While the Short-term implementations are: 1. Provide regular training enable the employees to maintain and improve customer service 2. Maintain the existing products and improve product innovation to anticipate new products of competitors 3. Perform promotional activities through print media and electronic media by using brief and clear discussion in order to attract customers and facilitate with a maximum budget 4. Controlling financial expenses and manage capital in order to create profits and anticipate liquidation. Key words : BPD Kalimantan Timur – Strategy Analysis