jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Use of fluoroquinolone chemotherapy in orthopedics and traumatology].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the submitted review the authors analyze hitherto published results with the use of new antimicrobial chemotherapeutic drugs--fluoroquinolones in the treatment of infections of the bones, joints, soft tissues and also in the peroperative prophylaxis in orthopaedics and traumatology. Quinolones are one of the drugs of choice which may be successful in the treatment of staphylococcal and gram-negative chronic osteomyelitis which are resistant to classical treatment and also the drug of choice in the treatment of septic arthritis and ostitis.
Ahiram Sarcophagus, KAI 1, Ahiram Inscription, Ahirom-Inschrift

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

[Text Description:] Royal inscription, burial Inscription ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] KAI 1, Gibson 3, II.4 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found in 1923 by Pierre Montet in the third season of excavations in Byblos ❧ [Medium:] Stone ❧ [Script Note:] Phoenician ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Decorated Limestone Sarcophagus and its lid measuring 152 x 305 cm.
The ''Baroque'' Element in Klopstock's Figurative Style

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

THE “BAROQUE” ELEMENT IN KLOPSTOCK'S FIGURATIVE STYLE A. MENHENNET A. MENHENNET Reading Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Forum for Modern Language Studies, Volume VI, Issue 2, April 1970, Pages 140–148, https://doi.org/10.1093/fmls/VI.2.140 Published: 01 April 1970
How Demand Information Can Destabilize a Cartel

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper studies a symmetric Bertrand duopoly with imperfect mon- itoring where rms receive noisy public signals about the state of demand. These signals have two opposite e ects on the incentive to collude: avoid- ing punishment after a low-demand period increases collusive pro ts, mak- ing collusion more attractive, but it also softens the threat of punishment, which increases the temptation to undercut the rival. There are cases where the latter e ect dominates, and so the collusive equilibrium does not always exist when it does absent demand information. These ndings are related to the Sugar Institute Case studied by Genesove and Mullin (2001).
Tension development and sarcomere length in rat cardiac trabeculae. Evidence of length-dependent activation.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We studied the influence of inotropic factors on the shape of the relation between tension and sarcomere length.Tension measurements were performed on thin trabeculae dissected from the right ventricle of the rat heart.Sarcomere length was measured by laser diffraction techniques and controlled by a servomotor system.The relations between tension and sarcomere length were derived from contractions at various extracellular calcium concentrations [Ca 2+ ] o .The time course of tension development was dependent on both sarcomere length and [Ca 2+ ] o .At all [Ca 2+ ] o , the tension attained during contraction was zero at sarcomere lengths of 1.55-1.60pm and maximal at a sarcomere length of 2.35 /im.Neither a summit nor a descending limb was found in the sarcomere length-tension relation.At [Ca 2+ ] o = 0.5 mM, tension increased linearly with sarcomere length, whereas at [Ca 2+ ] o = 2.5 mM, it approached maximal tension exponentially with sarcomere length.The relations between tension and sarcomere length derived from isometric contractions of the muscle and of sarcomeres were identical, and this suggests that shortening of sarcomeres does not contribute significantly to the effect of [Ca 2+ ] o .The relations between tension and sarcomere length obtained at [Ca 2+ ] o = 0.5 mM from contractions 30 seconds after a potentiating burst of stimuli (4 seconds at 4 Hz) were identical to the relation between tension and sarcomere length at [Ca 2+ ] o = 2.5 mm.Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that cardiac muscle length affects contractile performance by its influence on excitation contraction coupling.CircRes 46: [703][704][705][706][707][708][709][710][711][712][713][714] 1980 THE shape of the relation between tension and sarcomere length in cardiac papillary muscle suggests length-dependent activation of the contractile system (Jewell, 1977).However, there are no data on the effect of inotropic interventions on this curve.Only muscle length-tension curves are available, and these give conflicting results (Jewell, 1977;Huntsman and Stewart, 1977;Sonnenblick, 1962;Bodem et al., 1976).It is known that during isometric contractions there is considerable shortening of sarcomeres in the central region of papillary muscle.This happens at the expense of stretch of damaged regions near the clamps holding the ends of the specimen (Krueger and Pollack, 1975;Pollack and Krueger, 1976;Julian et al., 1976;Julian and Sollins, 1975).The damaged regions as well as the normal region may be influenced by inotropic factors.The interpretation of results of isometric contractions of the muscle is therefore ambiguous.The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of different calcium concentrations on the relations
Faster algorithms for k-Orthogonal Vectors in low dimension

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the Orthogonal Vectors problem (OV), we are given two families $A, B$ of subsets of $\{1,\ldots,d\}$, each of size $n$, and the task is to decide whether there exists a pair $a \in A$ and $b \in B$ such that $a \cap b = \emptyset$. Straightforward algorithms for this problem run in $\mathcal{O}(n^2 \cdot d)$ or $\mathcal{O}(2^d \cdot n)$ time, and assuming SETH, there is no $2^{o(d)}\cdot n^{2-\varepsilon}$ time algorithm that solves this problem for any constant $\varepsilon > 0$. Williams (FOCS 2024) presented a $\tilde{\mathcal{O}}(1.35^d \cdot n)$-time algorithm for the problem, based on the succinct equality-rank decomposition of the disjointness matrix. In this paper, we present a combinatorial algorithm that runs in randomized time $\tilde{\mathcal{O}}(1.25^d n)$. This can be improved to $\mathcal{O}(1.16^d \cdot n)$ using computer-aided evaluations. We generalize our result to the $k$-Orthogonal Vectors problem, where given $k$ families $A_1,\ldots,A_k$ of subsets of $\{1,\ldots,d\}$, each of size $n$, the task is to find elements $a_i \in A_i$ for every $i \in \{1,\ldots,k\}$ such that $a_1 \cap a_2 \cap \ldots \cap a_k = \emptyset$. We show that for every fixed $k \ge 2$, there exists $\varepsilon_k > 0$ such that the $k$-OV problem can be solved in time $\mathcal{O}(2^{(1 - \varepsilon_k)\cdot d}\cdot n)$. We also show that, asymptotically, this is the best we can hope for: for any $\varepsilon > 0$ there exists a $k \ge 2$ such that $2^{(1 - \varepsilon)\cdot d} \cdot n^{\mathcal{O}(1)}$ time algorithm for $k$-Orthogonal Vectors would contradict the Set Cover Conjecture.
A Fast Fractal Image Compression Using the Improved K-mean Clustering

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

How to import the advanced theory of K-mean clustering into the domain of fractal image encoding is a hotspot research in national academia.In this paper,the selection of initial clustering center for K-Means clustering is analyzed,an new initial clustering center selection based on average value and variance is given,and a novel fast fractal image coding method is proposed.Experimental results show that the proposed coding is a fast and efficient image compression scheme;it can considerably shorten the encoding time,while achieving the same or better decoded image quality.[JP
[Spontaneous behavior and bioelectric activity as indicators of brain development in premature infants. A polygraphic study].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Assessment of neural integrity and developmental level of brain functions in preterm infants are essential parts of perinatal intensive care. Special techniques are needed to account for age-specific characteristics and rapid developmental changes of the preterm infant's functional repertoire during the first postnatal weeks. For the evaluation of at-risk infants with pre-, peri- and postnatal complications a well-substantiated knowledge of the developmental course in otherwise "healthy" preterms is a prerequisite. EEG--and behavioural development from 8 weeks before till 5 weeks after term, studied in a carefully selected group of 14 "low risk" preterm infants are described. Respective data from a group of "high risk" infants served to indicate possible deviations in developmental courses. EEG--and behavioural state profiles, bioelectrical age and a newly developed score of polygraphic optimality are presented as measures of brain function for clinical use. The described methods also constitute a useful complement to the neurological examination.
Novel N-oxides as bioreductive drugs.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A series of imidazo [1,2-a] quinoxaline mono-N-oxides and their aza- analogues have been synthesized together with analogues substituted in the 8-position. These compounds have been evaluated as bioreductively activated cytotoxins in vitro and in vivo. These compounds had differential cytotoxicities in vitro of up to 20 for 8-amino derivatives such as RB90740 and 65 for 8-aminoalkoxy derivatives such as 1,2-dihydro-8-(1-(demethylamino)ethoxy)-4-phenylimidazo [1,2-a] pyrido [3,2-e] pyrazine 5-oxide, but were disappointing in vivo with a maximum growth delay of 10 days compared with 30 days for SR4233 in the RIF-1 tumor model. RB90740 is only effective at killing V79 cells at extremely low levels of oxygen, in contrast to SR4233, and this oxygen dependence can explain the poor and often variable activity of the compound in vivo. 1,2-dihydro-8-(1-(demethylamino)ethoxy)-4-phenylmidazo [1,2-a] pyrido [3,2-e] pyrazine 5-oxide, as the most effective drug in vitro, remains the lead structure for any further drug development.
Efficacy and safety of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a type of inflammatory bowel disease, and 62% of patients with UC felt that it is difficult for them to live a normal life. Furthermore, some researches have shown that about 15% of patients with UC undergo at least one extreme clinical course in their lifetime, and 10%–30% of patients with UC oblige colectomy. Although many investigations have demonstrated that HBO 2 has a beneficial impact on UC treatment, a systematic review and meta-analysis are unavailable. Therefore, a meta-analysis is essential to assess the efficacy and safety of HBO 2 in treating UC. Methods and analysis A systematic search plan will be performed in the following seven databases with a restriction of time from inception to September 2020 to filter the eligible studies: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP) and Chinese Biomedical Database WanFang. Other related resources will be also searched. Two independent reviewers will choose eligible researches and extract data. The risk of bias will be evaluated based on Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias tool and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Eventually, a systematic review and meta-analysis will be performed via the Review Manager V.5.3 statistical software and STATA V.14.0 software. Ethics and dissemination This study will not involve the individual patient and any ethical problems since its outcomes are based on published data. Therefore, no ethical review and approval are required. We plan to publish the study in a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020210244.
Spontaneous Memorials: Forums for Dialog and Discourse

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

AbstractAbstractThrough the contemporary mourning ritual of spontaneous memorialization, Americans are developing a new forum for civic discourse. As sites where individuals congregate for communal consolation and remembrance in response to local and national crises, spontaneous memorials foster multicultural and intergenerational interactions. In direct peer-to-peer conversations, by indirect messaging through letters, poetry, songs and prayers, and via representational objects and artworks, citizens express and collectively exhibit the moral and civic values held by their communities. Though in-depth evaluation is needed, museums might consider using the framework of spontaneous memorialization to foster dialog and discourse within their communities. This article focuses on memorials created in Oklahoma City following the 1995 bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Building, those across Manhattan after the collapse of the World Trade Center in 2001, and related museum activities that ensued.
Impact of the Stringency of Attendance Policies on Class Attendance/Participation and Course Grades

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this preliminary study was to investigate the impact of three diverse attendance and participation policies in face-to-face and online courses and the effect on students’ final grades in each course. We examined nine different undergraduate courses taught between Fall 2010 and Spring 2015. The results suggest that a more stringent attendance policy significantly impacts student attendance, absences were negatively correlated with course grades, and that course delivery methods were not predictive of either attendance/participation or course grades. Additional research is needed to determine what other factors might influence attendance and participation and correlation to course grades.
Peak electricity demand and the flexibility of everyday life

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from energy consumption in the UK is increasingly linked to the introduction of uncontrollable sources of power, such as solar PV and wind, and the electrification of energy services (Darby, 2012; Department of Energy and Climate Change, 2013, 2011). Electrifying heating and personal mobility requires moving them off the gas grid and petrol pump and onto the electricity system, which in turn may have implications for the profound peak in electricity use that takes place in the early evening. While the conventional response would be to reinforce electricity networks, under conditions where there are an increasing range and diversity of sources of electricity generation that are less predictable and controllable, there is increased political and commercial interest in managing demand in these periods. Demand Side Management (DSM) enabled by smart grids promises to bring consumers of electricity into the management of the grid by asking them to provide the flexibility and responsiveness that the industry may lose in the future. In this paper we draw on 186 qualitative home tours in the UK to examine how such forms of flexibility are constituted. Rather than seeing flexibility as related to the characteristics of individuals and their behaviour, as is common in the industry and policy, we argue that it is the social practices which shape electricity demand curves that need to be at the centre of analysis. To illustrate this argument, we consider how, in what ways and for what purposes consumption of electricity may be or become flexible in response to a time of use tariff designed to reduce consumption in the early evening. We argue that the rhythmic qualities of practices and the degree to which there are socially conventional times and ways to perform particular practices can constrain or open up their ability to adapt to interventions.
Upper bounds for Steklov eigenvalues of subgraphs of polynomial growth\n Cayley graphs

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We study the Steklov problem on a subgraph with boundary $(\\Omega,B)$ of a\npolynomial growth Cayley graph $\\Gamma$. We prove that for each $k \\in\n\\mathbb{N}$, the $k^{\\mbox{th}}$ eigenvalue tends to $0$ proportionally to\n$1/|B|^{\\frac{1}{d-1}}$, where $d$ represents the growth rate of $\\Gamma$. The\nmethod consists in associating a manifold $M$ to $\\Gamma$ and a bounded domain\n$N \\subset M$ to a subgraph $(\\Omega, B)$ of $\\Gamma$. We find upper bounds for\nthe Steklov spectrum of $N$ and transfer these bounds to $(\\Omega, B)$ by\ndiscretizing $N$ and using comparison Theorems.\n
Control of Excited-State Supramolecular Assembly Leading to Halide Photorelease

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Ground- and excited-state control of halide supramolecular assembly was achieved through the preparation of a series of ester- and amide-functionalized ruthenium polypyridyl complexes in CH2Cl2. Hydrogen-bonding amide and alcohol groups on the receptor ligand were found to direct interactions with halide, while halide association with the ethyl ester groups was not observed. The various functional groups on the receptor ligands tuned the ground-state equilibrium constants over 2 orders of magnitude (1 × 105 to 1 × 107 M-1), and the fractional contribution of each hydrogen-bond donor to the total equilibrium constant was determined. Pulsed-laser excitation of the complexes resulted in excited-state localization on the ester- or amide-functionalized ligands. In the case where the excited state was oriented toward an associated halide ion (the amide complexes), an 80 ± 10 meV Coulombic repulsion was induced that lowered the excited-state equilibrium constant ( K*eq) and resulted in halide photorelease. The rate constants for excited-state halide release ( k*21) were determined, and the values varied based on the functional groups present in the receptor ligand. Complexes with more hydrogen-bonding donors had smaller rate constants for halide photorelease. In a complex without a specific receptor ligand, the excited-state dipole was not oriented toward the associated halide, and the excited state was therefore found to have a larger equilibrium constant for halide association than the ground state.
Mechanisms of Action of Cognitive Enhancers on Neuroreceptors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

No strategies for curing Alzheimer's disease have been developed yet as we do not know the exact cause of the disease. The only therapy that is available for patients is symptomatic treatment. Since Alzheimer's disease is associated with downregulation of the cholinergic system in the brain, its stimulation is expected to improve the patients' cognition, learning, and memory. Four anticholinesterases have been approved in the U.S.A. for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease patients. However, because of the inhibition of cholinesterases, these drugs have side effects and their effectiveness does not last long. Thus new approaches are needed. One approach is to stimulate directly nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) receptors in the brain, and another is to stimulate NMDA receptors which are also known to be downregulated in Alzheimer's patients. Nefiracetam has been shown to potentiate ACh currents in the alpha4beta2 receptor of rat cortical neurons with a bell-shaped dose-response relationship and the maximum effect at 1 nM. This effect was exerted via G(s) proteins. The alpha7 receptor was almost unaffected by nefiracetam. Nefiracetam also potentiated NMDA currents with the maximum effect at 10 nM via interaction with the glycine-binding site of the receptor. Galantamine had a moderate potentiating effect on the alpha4beta2 receptor and potentiated NMDA currents with the maximum effect at 1 microM. However, galantamine did not interact with the glycine-binding site. Donepezil, a potent anticholinesterase, also potentiated NMDA currents at 1-10000 nM. In conclusion, these three drugs potentiate the activity not only of the cholinergic system but also of the NMDA system, thereby stimulating the downregulated nACh receptors and NMDA receptors to improve patients' learning, cognition, and memory.
Evolutionary game of dual-channel supply chain cooperation of agricultural products

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

With the increasing diversification and individualization of consumer demand, the consumption environment of agricultural products has also changed significantly. While many agricultural products supply chains are fully engaged in traditional retail channels, they are also generally opening online sales channels, thus forming a dual-channel circulation mode of farm products in which conventional and online retail channels coexist. Due to the high overlap between the two sides in selling products and target users, the potential conflicts in the dual-channel supply chain of agricultural products have become increasingly prominent. Under the guidance of evolutionary game theory, this paper analyzes the collaborative evolution law of supply chain enterprises under the penalty mechanism. By simulating the game process of cooperation between the two parties, it is found that setting a reasonable punishment mechanism can reduce opportunistic behavior. It can not only enrich and expand the research horizon and depth of the dual-channel supply chain of agricultural products but also have important theoretical and practical significance for promoting the cooperation of the dual-channel supply chain of agricultural products, realizing the resource sharing and complementation of the two channels, and improving the benefits of the whole supply chain.
[Effects of desflurane on auditory evoked potential index and quantitative electroencephalogram].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Within end-tidal desflurane concentration range 0.8 approximately 1.3 MAC, both AAI and parameters derived from EEG (such as BIS, SEF, MF) can serve as parameters in monitoring the depth of anesthsia with desflurane, while MAP and HR can not.
Coronavirus infections in horses in Saudi Arabia and Oman

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Equine coronaviruses (ECoV) are the only coronavirus known to infect horses. So far, data on ECoV infection in horses remain limited to the USA, France and Japan and its geographic distribution is not well understood. We carried out RT-PCR on 306 nasal and 315 rectal swabs and tested 243 sera for antibodies to detect coronavirus infections in apparently healthy horses in Saudi Arabia and Oman. We document evidence of infection with ECoV and HKU23 coronavirus by RT-PCR. There was no conclusive evidence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in horses. Serological data suggest that lineage A betacoronavirus infections are commonly infecting horses in Saudi Arabia and Oman but antibody cross-reactivities between these viruses do not permit us to use serological data alone to identify which coronaviruses are causing these infections.
Optimization of Mosques, Madrasahs and Islamic Boarding Schools in Eradicating Illiteracy with the Reflect Method in Pamayangsari Hamlet, Cikawungading Village, Tasikmalaya Regency

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article aims to describe the condition of illiterate children in Pamayangsari Hamlet, and the application of the reflect method in alleviating illiteracy. This article uses descriptive analytic method with data collection through interviews and observations to the community. At the observation stage, the problem of illiteracy was found in children aged 6-12 years. During implementation, empowerment is carried out in mosques and madrasas. The next stage is awareness, where the community is educated about the importance of literacy. Activities are carried out in an interesting way so that children are more likely to like them, such as competitions and other educational activities. The last program is action, focusing on direct teaching to overcome illiteracy. Evaluation is done through observation, community enthusiasm and assessment of children's literacy skills. In conclusion, the reflect method yielded significant results in alleviating illiteracy.