jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Modified Delphi Study to Identify Factors Associated With Clinical Deterioration in Hospitalized Children

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: Hospitalized children who are admitted to the inpatient ward can deteriorate and require unplanned transfer to the PICU. Studies designed to validate early warning scoring systems have focused mainly on abnormalities in vital signs in patients admitted to the inpatient ward. The objective of this study was to determine the patient and system factors that experienced clinicians think are associated with progression to critical illness in hospitalized children. METHODS: We conducted a modified Delphi study with 3 iterations, administered electronically. The expert panel consisted of 11 physician and nonphysician health care providers from hospitals in Canada and the United States. RESULTS: Consensus was reached that 21 of the 57 factors presented are associated with clinical deterioration in hospitalized children. The final list of variables includes patient characteristics, signs and symptoms in the emergency department, emergency department management, and system factors. CONCLUSIONS: We generated a list of variables that can be used in future prospective studies to determine if they are predictors of clinical deterioration on the inpatient ward.
Design of a 1×K wavelength selective switch based on TEC fiber array in curved alignment

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper reports a wavelength selective switch (WSS) employing a thermally expanded core (TEC) fiber array (FA) as the input/outputs, which enables a compact WSS with convenience for alignment and assembly. Simulation of the WSS module based on ZEMAX shows that conical diffraction of the grating results in horizontal offset of the output beam spots. An excess insertion loss will be caused due to the offset if a linearly aligned FA is employed as the input/outputs. This paper designs a parabolically aligned TEC FA that the fibers in the array can be positioned by V-grooves with different depth. With the parabolically aligned TEC FA as the input/outputs, the WSS module is expected to be compact with low loss.
"Atherosclerotic Background of Cirrhosis in Sickle Cell Diseases"

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chronic endothelial damage may be the main underlying cause of aging and death by causing end-organ failures [1]. Much Higher Blood Pressures (BPs) of the afferent vasculature may be the chief accelerating factor by causing recurrent injuries on vascular endothelium. Probably, whole afferent vasculature including capillaries are mainly involved in the destructive process.
Additional file 1: of Empathy and big five personality model in medical students and its relationship to gender and specialty preference: a cross-sectional study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Table S1. Differences between empathy scales by gender and specialty preference. Variables are described with medians and interquartile ranges, except for IRI-PT that is described with mean and standard deviation. JSPE, Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy; IRI, Interpersonal Reactivity Index; PT, Perspective Taking; FS, Fantasy Scale; EC, Empathic Concern; PD, Personal Distress; EQ, Empathy Quotient. a. Mann-Whitney U test, except for IRI-TP that is analysed with the t test. Table S2. Bivariate analysis between Empathy Quotient (qualitative scale) and personality. Variables are presented as median and interquartile range, or mean and standard deviation. P-values correspond to the Mann-Whitney U test or the t-test comparing the extreme groups: low Empathy Quotient score vs high Empathy Quotient score. (DOCX 16 kb)
UJI DAYA HAMBAT SERBUK DAUN KAYU MANIS (Cinnamomum burmanii) TERHADAP BAKTERI Streptococcus agalactiae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Streptococcus agalactiaeis a bacterium that causes Streptococcosis in tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus). Antibioticis being used efforts to control the disease. Using antibiotics constantly willadversely affect the aquatic environment, bacterial resistance and presence of residues in fishconsumption. Another alternative is to use phytopharmaca materials that are natural andenvironmentally friendly. One of the phytopharmaca materials that can be used is cinnamon(Cinnamomum burmanii) which contains active ingredients such as Saponin, Alkanoid, Tanin,Flavanoid, Sinamaldehid. The purpose of this study was to investigates the effectiveness and thebest dose of cinnamon leaves (C. burmanii) as an antibacterial agent for the prevention of S.agalactiaeinfection. This research was experimental desion was group randomized design (GRD)3 treatments and 3replicationswere used treatments that is A (concentration 0,25%), B(concentration 0,5%), C (concentration 1%), K (control). Test this study by calculating thenumber of colonies grown on agar medium. The result showed that B treatment (0.5%concentration) can inhibit S. agalactiae bacteria growth with marked growth of bacteria on TSA(Trypticase soyaagar) medium.
PRESSURIZED WATER PRETREATMENT TO INCREASE SUGAR PRODUCTION FROM GREEN COCONUT

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Pretreatment of lignocellulosic industrial waste is necessary to promote the cellulose accessibility. Thus, this study evaluated the production of green coconut sugars during pressurized hydrothermal pre-treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated biomass. Pretreatment of the green coconut shell was carried out at 70 °C, 150 bar and water flow rate of 1 mL/min for 4 h. Samples from the system output stream were analyzed by HPLC and Folin Ciocalteu method. The solid fraction was characterized (chemical composition, XRD and FTIR) and subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis. The liquid fractions of pretreatment provided a defined profile of released glucose, xylose, phenolic components and acetic acid over time. After 40 min, most of fermentable sugars were released, forming a liquor with a sugar content above 10 g/L. Post-treated biomass showed a reduction of cellulose (26 % to 17 %) and hemicellulose (23 % to 18 %) and an increase in lignin content (32 % to 44 %). Despite this new chemical composition of the biomass, the pretreated material had lower crystallinity indexes and modifications in its chemical groups. This favored cellulosic conversion from 15 % to 55 %, producing 63.5 % more glucose than the untreated green coconut shell during enzymatic hydrolysis. Thus, the pressurized pre-treatment favored the fermentable sugar production from the green coconut shell, and there is also the possibility of utilizing the sugars present in the pre-treatment liquor.
Understanding the Remarkable Stability of Well‐Defined Dinuclear Copper(I) Carbene Complexes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The synthesis of a well‐defined dicopper carbene complex supported by the PNNP (2,7‐bis(di‐tert‐butylphosphaneyl)methyl‐1,8‐naphthyridine) expanded pincer ligand is reported. This carbene complex is remarkably stable, even in the presence of air and water. The reactivity of this complex was explored towards typical carbene transfer substrates and its electronic structure was investigated. Using a combination of experiments and DFT calculations, the principles that underly the stability of dinuclear carbene complexes are probed.
New Trends in Protein Nanocrystallography Based On LB Nanotemplate, Cell Free Expression, SNAP APA and Montecarlo: A Review

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A review of the emerging trends and perspectives of Protein Nanocrystallography is here presented at the intersection of advances in nanotechnology (Langmuir-Blodgett and Anodic Porous Allumina), proteomics (microarray, cell free expression and SNAP) and synchrotron radiation (third generation sources trillion times more brilliant requiring quite smaller crystals and Montecarlo simulation).It should be noted that nanocrystallography here does not refer to crystals of nanometer size or to nanodrop crystallization technology, but to the significant applications for medicine emerging in our labs at the interface of Langmuir-Blodgett engineering, organic chemistry, molecular dynamics and label-free Protein Arrays, utilizing bacterial hell's gate globin, octapus rodhopsin, bovine cytochrome, human kinase, laccase and many other proteins.
Trend 1961 - 2050. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Food and Agriculture Organization Statistics: Emissions, Agriculture - Manure Applied to Soils | Country: China | Item: Swine, market | Element: Direct emissions (CO2eq) (Manure applied) - Gigagrams, 1961-2050. Data-Planet™ Statistical Ready Reference by Conquest Systems, Inc. Dataset-ID: 067-001-035.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2017). Food and Agriculture Organization Statistics: Emissions, Agriculture - Manure Applied to Soils | Country: China | Item: Swine, market | Element: Direct emissions (CO2eq) (Manure applied) - Gigagrams, 1961-2050. Data-Planet™ Statistical Ready Reference by Conquest Systems, Inc. [Data-file]. Dataset-ID: 067-001-035. Dataset: Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from manure applied to soils consist of nitrous oxide gas from nitrogen additions to managed soils from treated manure. Statistics are computed at Tier 1 following the 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines for National GHG Inventories. The time-series and cross-sectional data provided here are from the FAOSTAT database of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Statistics include measures related to the food supply; forestry; agricultural production, prices, and investment; and trade and use of resources, such as fertilizers, land, and pesticides. As available, data are provided for approximately 245 countries and 35 regional areas from 1961 through the present. The data are typically supplied by governments to FAO Statistics through national publications and FAO questionnaires. Official data have sometimes been supplemented with data from unofficial sources and from other national or international agencies or organizations. In particular, for the European Union member countries, with the exception of Spain, data obtained from EUROSTAT have been used. Category: Natural Resources and Environment, Agriculture and Food Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Established in 1945 as a specialized agency of the United Nations, the Food and Agricultural Organization’s mandate is to raise levels of nutrition, improve agricultural productivity, better the lives of rural populations, and contribute to the growth of the world economy. Staff experts in seven FAO departments serve as a knowledge network to collect, analyze, and disseminate data, sharing policy expertise with member countries and implementing projects and programs throughout the world aimed at achieving rural development and hunger alleviation goals. The Statistics Division of the Food and Agricultural Organization collates and disseminates food and agricultural statistics globally. http://www.fao.org/ Subject: Livestock Operations, Agricultural Production, Climate Change, Air Pollutants, Agriculture, Livestock, Air Pollution
Hardness results for three kinds of colored connections of graphs

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The concept of rainbow connection number of a graph was introduced by Chartrand et al. in 2008. Inspired by this concept, other concepts on colored version of connectivity in graphs were introduced, such as the monochromatic connection number by Caro and Yuster in 2011, the proper connection number by Borozan et al. in 2012, and the conflict-free connection number by Czap et al. in 2018, as well as some other variants of connection numbers later on. Chakraborty et al. proved that to compute the rainbow connection number of a graph is NP-hard. For a long time, it has been tried to fix the computational complexity for the monochromatic connection number, the proper connection number and the conflict-free connection number of a graph. However, it has not been solved yet. Only the complexity results for the strong version, i.e., the strong proper connection number and the strong conflict-free connection number, of these connection numbers were determined to be NP-hard. In this paper, we prove that to compute each of the monochromatic connection number, the proper connection number and the conflict free connection number for a graph is NP-hard. This solves a long standing problem in this field, asked in many talks of workshops and papers.
A Study of the Distribution of Money in Exchange Networks of Agents

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

<p>We investigate network models of economic agents that exchange money with their neighbors. These models are closely related to thermodynamic models of inert gasses modelled by the Boltzmann distribution. We are interested in the stationary distribution of money that is reached after many exchanges.</p> <p>We explore two types of networks, static networks and stochastic dynamic networks, where connectivity of the graph changes as a function of the money distribution. We present theoretical results and simulations for different variants of the dynamic graph model. Furthermore, we examine the properties of the stochastic networks that emerge out of the dynamic network models at equilibrium. We also present a stochastic matrix model for simulating evolution of an individual agent in static networks.</p>
Optimal Carbon Taxes with Non-Constant Time Preference

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The paper derives an explicit formula for the near-term carbon price in a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium climate model in which agents employ arbitrary non-constant time preference rates. The paper uses a simplified version of the model in Golosov et al. (2011), though we argue that the added assumptions are unlikely to matter for our conclusions. The formula is derived first under the assumption that the initial decision-maker has a commitment device, then solving for the unique subgame perfect equilibrium. Somewhat remarkably, the near-term carbon price is the same in both cases. We further show that the near-term carbon price remains unchanged for all potential beliefs about the time preference structure of future generations. It follows that concerns about time inconsistency can be safely ignored when applying the derived formula. The carbon price is the same as the Pigouvian tax in the equilibrium with commitment, and it is bigger than the Pigouvian tax in the equilibrium without commitment provided damages are sufficiently persistent. The formula reduces to the carbon price formula in Golosov et al. (2011) when discounting is constant, and it reduces to the carbon price formula in Gerlagh and Liski (2012) when discounting is quasi-hyperbolic.
Sacred space in the architecture of Dominikus Böhm (1880-1955). Geometric-functional analysis and structural morphology

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

At the beginning of the twentieth century in North-West Germany, the Dominikus Böhm’s project experience is characterized by the systematic research for a spatial morphology according to the changing liturgical needs of the Catholic Church. He significantly contributed to the definition of new style and functional standards - adopted by the Second Vatican Council - through formal and technical innovative solutions: investigating organic-structural systems, geometric-functional relations and materials technological aspects. He developed a common language, shared with other architects like Martin Weber and Rudolf Schwarz. Special harmony of proportions mattered through shapes that allow a uniform redistribution of the load (it requires no buttresses or other support elements). Generally, his buildings reached acoustically effective outcomes accommodating all the believers and the officiants without visual and acoustic obstacles. Considering he built about eighty churches following building German tradition, within this essay three are main buildings will be focused; five are the morphological categories will be analyzed: i) the layout (unidirectional and multidirectional systems, central and elliptical plans), ii) the internal elevation (according to different geometric configurations), iii) constructive materials (bricks, wooden solutions and concrete), iv) structural elements (bearing walls and pillars), and v) the element of the ‘façade’ (in its volumetric aspects).
Bariatric surgery: to whom and when?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for obesity. Its effects go beyond weight loss, in a high percentage of cases achieving remission of comorbidities associated with obesity and reducing mortality. However, not all patients achieve satisfactory weight loss or resolution of comorbidities and perioperative complications are a constant risk. Correct preoperative evaluation is essential to predict the likelihood of success and choose the most appropriate surgical technique for this purpose. The aim of this review was to ascertain which obese subjects will benefit from bariatric surgery taking into account body mass index, age, comorbidities, risk of complications and the impact of different bariatric surgery techniques.
Price-quality Dimensions of Organizational Buying Behaviour in Cross River State, Nigeria

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study examined the roles of price differentials offered by industrial goods vendors and quality specifications for industrial products in determining organizational buyer decision to patronize one vendor rather than another. Using survey data generated from 321 respondents in the three categories of business consumers in the Southern Senatorial district of Cross River State, our hypotheses were supported. Results of data analysis show that price differentials and quality requirements for industrial product significantly influence organizational buying behaviour. Our findings also suggest that because price differential are perceived by the customers as a gauge of value and quality, marketing managers of industrial goods and services stand to gain more by adopting strategies which give special attention to the ways buyers trade-off costs and benefits of various products.
Additional file 1 of CellWalker integrates single-cell and bulk data to resolve regulatory elements across cell types in complex tissues

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Flowchart of CellWalker Pipeline. Fig. S2. Additional Simulation Results. Fig. S3. Runtime Analysis. Fig. S4. CellWalker Performance on SNARE-seq Data. Fig. S5. nEN Progression. Fig. S6. Cell Type-Specific Regulatory Elements.
Association of cortical morphology, white matter hyperintensity, and glymphatic function in frontotemporal dementia variants

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract INTRODUCTION Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) can be phenotypically divided into behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD), nonfluent variant primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA), and semantic variant PPA (svPPA). However, the neural underpinnings of this phenotypic heterogeneity remain elusive. METHODS Cortical morphology, white matter hyperintensities (WMH), diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI‐ALPS), and their interrelationships were assessed in subtypes of FTD. Neuroimaging‐transcriptional analyses on the regional cortical morphological deviances among subtypes were also performed. RESULTS Changes in cortical thickness, surface area, gyrification, WMH, and DTI‐ALPS were subtype‐specific in FTD. The three morphologic indices are related to whole‐brain WMH volume and cognitive performance, while cortical thickness is related to DTI‐ALPS. Neuroimaging‐transcriptional analyses identified key biological pathways linked to the formation and/or spread of TDP‐43/tau pathologies. DISCUSSION We found subtype‐specific changes in cortical morphology, WMH, and glymphatic function in FTD. Our findings have the potential to contribute to the development of personalized predictions and treatment strategies for this disorder. Highlights Cortical morphologic changes, white matter hyperintensities (WMH), and glymphatic dysfunction are subtype‐specific. Cortical morphologic changes, WMH, and glymphatic dysfunction are inter‐correlated. Cortical morphologic changes and WMH burden contribute to cognitive impairments.
Advanced Glycation End Products Inhibit Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion through Nitric Oxide-Dependent Inhibition of Cytochrome c Oxidase and Adenosine Triphosphate Synthesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are implicated in diabetic complications. However, their role in β-cell dysfunction is less clear. In this study we examined the effects of AGEs on islet function in mice and in isolated islets. AGE-BSA or BSA was administered ip to normal mice twice a day for 2 wk. We showed that AGE-BSA-treated mice exhibited significantly higher glucose levels and lower insulin levels in response to glucose challenge than did BSA-treated mice, although there were no significant differences in insulin sensitivity and islet morphology between two groups. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by islets of the AGE-BSA-treated mice or AGE-BSA-treated normal islets was significantly lower than that by islets isolated from the BSA-treated mice or BSA-treated normal islets. Furthermore, AGE treatment of islet β-cells inhibited ATP production, and glimepiride, a sulfonylurea derivative, restored glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Further investigation indicated that AGEs inhibited cytochrome c oxidase activity by inducing the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Blocking the formation of nitric oxide with an iNOS selective inhibitor aminoguanidine reversed the inhibitory effects of AGEs on ATP production and insulin secretion. We conclude that AGEs inhibit cytochrome c oxidase and ATP production, leading to the impairment of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion through iNOS-dependent nitric oxide production.
Emergent precariousness

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper reflects on the political aspect of game modding in Brazil through a case study of local private servers of World of Warcraft (Blizzard, 2004-) and the Brazukas mod of Pro Evolution Soccer (PES, Konami, 2001-). These regional PC modding initiatives started as a form of conditioned access to the games and the global community/market around them and became active forms of participation and intervention that shaped gaming in general in the country. Following their traces on social media, interviewing some of the key stakeholders and playing the mods, I argue that precariousness is a central aspect of both the final product and their assemblage. This paper documents these processes as a decolonial approach to technology that addresses the socioeconomical context of scarcity, but ultimately leads to a larger epistemological critique.
Suitable elements, -clean elements and Sylvester equations in rings with involution

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let R be a *-ring. In this article, we introduce good *-clean elements and left *-suitable elements in R, respectively. An element a∈R is good *-clean if it can be written as the sum of a projection and a unitary element. An element a∈R is left *-suitable if there exists a projection p∈Ra such that 1−p∈R(1−a). Several properties of them are given and their characterizations are derived by the solvability of the Sylvester equation XA−BX=C in a ring. Finally, we use generalized inverses to give the existence criterion of left *-suitable elements.