jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Conductance of quantum impurity models from quantum Monte Carlo

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The conductance of two Anderson impurity models, one with two-fold and another with four-fold degeneracy, representing two types of quantum dots, is calculated using a world-line quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) method. Extrapolation of the imaginary time QMC data to zero frequency yields the linear conductance, which is then compared to numerical renormalization group results in order to assess its accuracy. We find that the method gives excellent results at low temperature (T
Antibiotic Susceptibility and Plasmid Profile of Escherichia coli from Door Handles in Two Tertiary Institutions in Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study is aimed at isolation, antibiotic susceptibility and plasmid study of <em>Escherichia coli</em> isolates from door handles in the study location.</p> <p><strong>Study Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p> <p><strong>Place and Duration of Study: </strong>This study was conducted in Nasarawa State University, Keffi and Federal Polytechnic, Nasarawa, both in Nasarawa state, Nigeria between March 2016 to October 2016.</p> <p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A total of 200 door handles (100 each from the two locations) were sampled and screened for the presence of <em>E. coli. </em>Antibiotics susceptibility study, Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of the antibiotics, -Lactamase production, conjugation and plasmid profile was studied on the bacterial isolates using standard microbiological protocols.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 62 <em>E. coli </em>were isolated out of 200 door handles sampled and their susceptibilities to ten different commonly used antibiotics were determined. All the isolates had 87 – 100% resistance to all tested antibiotics with the highest susceptibility (13%) exhibited to only Gentamicin and Imipenem. Thirty-two of the isolates have Multiple-Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index of 1.0 and 21(65.6%) of them produced β-lactamase enzymes. Thirteen (59.09%) of the multiple antibiotics resistant <em>E. coli</em> isolates transferred resistance plasmid to <em>Proteus mirabilis </em>via conjugation. Electrophoresis of plasmid DNA in the test multi-antibiotics resistant <em>E. coli</em> isolates showed varying number of plasmids with molecular weights ranging between 1200 and 3000 base pairs.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study has showed that multi-antibiotic resistance genes from test <em>E. coli </em>could be transmitted to pathogenic bacteria which can result in serious health hazard. Thus, improved hygiene practices should be encouraged and constant microbiological surveillance of door handles in these higher institutions should be encouraged to determine effective antibiotics to solve the health hazard that may arise from <em>E. coli</em> infections.</p>
The sensitivity of first term navy reenlistment to changes in unemployment and relative wages

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze newly developed twenty year time series of first term reenlistment rates for nine major Navy occupational categories. Results indicate that there are significant differences among the occupational categories in the determinants of their reenlistment behavior. More importantly, it is apparent that reenlistment rates are highly sensitive to current unemployment and especially unemployment about the time of enlistment. By comparison, relative wages (measures of military versus private sector rates of compensation) are relatively insignificant and appear powerless to control reenlistment in the context of normal fluctuations in economic activity.
At the passing gate: past introgression in the process of species formation betweenAmazilia violicepsandA. viridifronshummingbirds along the Mexican Transition Zone

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Aim We tested whether populations of violet‐crowned and green‐fronted hummingbirds, Amazilia violiceps and Amazilia viridifrons , are genetically and environmentally differentiated, and examined the role of past geological and climatic changes in driving their diversification. Location Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt. Methods Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA of individuals collected throughout the species' ranges were sequenced and then analysed using maximum‐likelihood and Bayesian approaches. Species tree analysis, Bayesian species delimitation, divergence time inference, historical demography, palaeodistribution modelling, and niche divergence tests were used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the Amazilia species, and the isolation‐with‐migration coalescent model was assessed to determine whether genetic divergence between Amazilia species occurred in the presence of gene flow. Results Genetic divergence between A. violiceps and A. viridifrons was shallow, with incomplete lineage sorting and introgression. Species delimitation supported three independent lineages: A. violiceps populations located north of the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt; a mixture of A. violiceps south of the volcanic belt and A. viridifrons populations; and A. villadai populations east of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. Gene flow and divergence time estimates, and demographic and palaeodistribution patterns support the model of species diversification by isolation with migration and habitat shifting in response to Pleistocene climatic fluctuations. Main conclusions The process of speciation in the Amazilia species complex may be explained by the combined effects of isolation resulting from the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt and the lowlands at the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and habitat shifting in response to Quaternary climatic changes.
Exotic plants contribute positively to biodiversity functions but reduce native seed production and arthropod richness

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Although exotic plants comprise a substantial portion of floristic biodiversity, their contributions to community and ecosystem processes are not well understood. We manipulated plant species richness in old‐field communities to compare the impacts of native vs. exotic species on plant biomass, seed production, and arthropod community structure. Plants within diverse communities, regardless of whether they were native or exotic, had higher biomass and seed production than in monocultures and displayed positive complementarity. Increasing native or exotic plant richness also enhanced the richness of arthropods on plants, but exotics attracted fewer arthropod species for a given arthropod abundance than did natives. Additionally, when exotic and native plants grew together, exotics suppressed seed production of native species. Thus, exotic plants appear to contribute positively to some biodiversity functions, but may impact native communities over longer time frames by reducing native seed production and recruiting fewer arthropod species.
Table_2_Blood-Based miRNA Biomarkers as Correlates of Brain-Based miRNA Expression.DOCX

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

<p>The use of easily accessible peripheral samples, such as blood or saliva, to investigate neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders is well-established in genetic and epigenetic research, but the pathological implications of such biomarkers are not easily discerned. To better understand the relationship between peripheral blood- and brain-based epigenetic activity, we conducted a pilot study on captive baboons (Papio hamadryas) to investigate correlations between miRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and 14 different cortical and subcortical brain regions, represented by two study groups comprised of 4 and 6 animals. Using next-generation sequencing, we identified 362 miRNAs expressed at ≥ 10 read counts in 80% or more of the brain samples analyzed. Nominally significant pairwise correlations (one-sided P < 0.05) between peripheral blood and mean brain expression levels of individual miRNAs were observed for 39 and 44 miRNAs in each group. When miRNA expression levels were averaged for tissue type across animals within the groups, Spearman’s rank correlations between PBMCs and the brain regions are all highly significant (r<sub>s</sub> = 0.47–0.57; P < 2.2 × 10<sup>–16</sup>), although pairwise correlations among the brain regions are markedly stronger (r<sub>s</sub> = 0.86–0.99). Principal component analysis revealed differentiation in miRNA expression between peripheral blood and the brain regions for the first component (accounting for ∼75% of variance). Linear mixed effects modeling attributed most of the variance in expression to differences between miRNAs (>70%), with non-significant 7.5% and 13.1% assigned to differences between blood and brain-based samples in the two study groups. Hierarchical UPGMA clustering revealed a major co-expression branch in both study groups, comprised of miRNAs globally upregulated in blood relative to the brain samples, exhibiting an enrichment of miRNAs expressed in immune cells (CD14+, CD15+, CD19+, CD3+, and CD56 + leukocytes) among the top blood-brain correlates, with the gene MYC, encoding a master transcription factor that regulates angiogenesis and neural stem cell activation, representing the most prevalent miRNA target. Although some differentiation was observed between tissue types, these preliminary findings reveal wider correlated patterns between blood- and brain-expressed miRNAs, suggesting the potential utility of blood-based miRNA profiling for investigating by proxy certain miRNA activity in the brain, with implications for neuroinflammatory and c-Myc-mediated processes.</p>
Growth And Characterization Of GSGG:Cr,Ca: A Promising New Laser Material

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Single crystals of gadolinium scandium gallium garnet (GSGG) doped with Cr and co-doped with Ca have been grown using the laser-heated pedestal growth method. This material emits in an eyesafe region of the spectrum, making it a potential candidate for use as an active medium in solid state lasers for a number of applications. Samples with various concentrations of chromium were prepared and analyzed using several characterization techniques. It was found that optical spectroscopy alone is not sufficient to discriminate accurately between the (CrO4)4- or the (Cr04)3- oxyanion centers which are formed when Cr4+ or Cr5+ substitutes for Ga3+ in the tetrahedral sites.
Genetic Diversity of Basal Germplasm Phenotypes in Upland Cotton in China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

43 basal germplasms were chosen as the experimental subjects and they were planted in randomized block manner;the numbers of their fruiting shoots,bolls and plant heights were investigated in the field and their lint percentage to seed cotton,boll weights and fiber qualities were measured.Besides,the genetic diversity in their phenotypic traits was analyzed in terms of their time histories,sources and ecological zones.It was shown that these basal germplasms significantly or extremely significantly differed in such phenotypic traits as yield,quality and agronomic traits and their genetic diversity index was 0.88;the basal germplasm newly developed or derived in 1970s and 1980s did not significantly differ in a majority of their traits,but the basal germplasms screened from the varieties extended at home and abroad in 1950s and 1960s and the varieties newly developed or derived in 1970s and 1980s were better in fiber length,uniformity and fineness and lint percentage to seed cotton,early maturity,disease resistance and drought tolerance than the eleven varieties introduced from such countries as the United State and former Soviet Union,and the highest genetic diversity and abundance appeared in the basal germplasms screened from the varieties extended at home and abroad in 1950s and 1960s;the basal germplasms from different cotton production zones greatly differed in their phenotypic traits,the basal germplasms from the cotton production regions covered by the reaches of Yellow River showing a overall set of advantageous traits,the basal germplams from the cotton production regions covered by the reaches of Yangtze River performing better in their yield traits,the basal germplasms from the cotton production regions of extremely early maturity in north China performing well in their early maturities,and the basal germplasms introduced from the United States having good resistance to verticillium wilt;domestic basal germplams were lower in the CVs of their fiber length,strength and fineness than introduced foreign basal germplasms,but the former were more diverse in their phenotypes than the latter.These above indicated that after their long environmental adaptations the introduced varieties produced basal germplasms with rich phenotype variations due to natural and artificial selections.
The Pericardial Sacs ofOcypodein Relation to the Conservation of Water, Molting, and Behavior

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The surface area of pericardial sacs of the semiterrestrial crab, Ocypode cordimana, is greater than that of pericardial sacs of the intertidal crabs, Ocypode macrocera and Ocypode platytarsis. Responses of the pericardial sacs with relation to conservation of water and molting vary with the species. In the semiterrestrial crab, Ocypode cordimana, the pericardial sacs store water during proecdysis which is used to stretch the new cuticle after ecdysis. In contrast, the pericardial sacs of the intertidal crabs, Ocypode macrocera and Ocypode platytarsis, do not store water during proecdysis. But the sacs of these crabs swell for a brief period during ecdysis, apparently to accommodate excess fluid entering the body while the legs are being withdrawn from the old exoskeleton. Although the significance remains unknown, deposits of uric acid are found in the pericardial sacs of Ocypode cordimana but not in the pericardial sacs of Ocypode macrocera and Ocypode platytarsis. Exposure of specimens of Ocypode cordimana to dry sand reduces the swelling of pericardial sacs, while proecdysial growth of the limbs remains unaffected. The pericardial sacs of Ocypode cordimana swell at a rapid rate if the crabs are maintained in darkness rather than in light. Implications of the present findings are discussed with relation to the habitat of the crabs.
Combinatorial Ribavirin and Interferon Alfacon-1 Therapy of Acute Arenaviral Disease in Hamsters

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Several arenaviruses endemic to South America (Junin, Machupo, and Guanarito) and Africa (Lassa) are known to cause frequently fatal haemorrhagic fever. With the exception of ribavirin, which has demonstrated efficacy in cases of Lassa fever, there is no other effective therapeutic for the treatment of arenaviral haemorrhagic fever. We have recently reported that consensus interferon-α (IFN alfacon-1) can protect hamsters from lethal Pichinde virus (PCV) infection, which serves as a model for acute arenaviral disease in humans. Here we demonstrate highly effective therapy through the combined use of ribavirin with IFN alfacon-1 for the treatment of PCV infection in hamsters. Ribavirin was given orally, twice per day for 7 days, and IFN alfacon-1 was administered intraperitoneally once per day for 10 days. Treatments were initiated 1–5 days post-virus challenge using various dose combinations, many of which were less than optimal when the drugs were given independently. Combining suboptimal doses of ribavirin (5–10mg/kg/day) with IFN alfacon-1 (5–10 µg/kg/day), we were able to demonstrate increased protection from mortality, reduced viral burden and liver disease, and greatly extended survival times as compared to treatments where drugs were administered alone. Our data indicate that combination therapy results in synergistic activity that may slow down the progression of the disease and decrease fatality rates associated with severe arenaviral infections in humans. Further, combination therapy reduces the effective dosage of ribavirin, which would serve to limit its toxicity.
Bibliography: Select Legal Materials on China Received and Catalogued in the Peace Palace Library in 2011

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

1. A. Bradford and E.A. Posner, Universal Exceptionalism in International Law, 52 Harvard ILJ (2011), 3–54. 2. K.-G. Lee, The “Reception” of European International Law in China, Japan and Korea: A Comparative and Critical Perspective, in: T. Marauhn and H. Steiger (eds.), Universality and Continuity in International Law (2011), 419–445. 3. C. Li, Universalism and Equal Sovereignty as Contested Myths of International Law in the Sino-Western Encounter, 13 Journal of the History of International Law (2011), 75–116. 4. T. Liu, Yao Meizhen and His International Law Theory [in Chinese], 14 Wuhan University ILR (2011), 361–379. 5. J. Pan, Chinese Philosophy and International Law, 1 Asian JIL (2011), 233–248. 6. C. Reeves, Sovereignty and the Chinese Red Cross Society: The Differentiated Practice of International Law in Shandong, 1914–1916, 13 Journal of the History of International Law (2011), 155–177. 7. Z. Yang, Western International Law and China's Confucianism in the 19th Century: Collision and Integration, 13 Journal of the History of International Law (2011), 285–306.
Hypoxia-induced endotoxemia in primates: role of reticuloendothelial system function and anti-lipopolysaccharide plasma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acute hypoxia is known to cause a marked reduction in intestinal and peripheral blood flow, in favor of blood flow to the brain and heart. Complete occlusion of the intestinal circulation is known to damage the gut wall, allowing potentially lethal endotoxins present within the intestines to escape into the circulation. We examined here whether the breathing of a hypoxic gas mixture could lead to sufficient damage of the intestinal wall to cause endotoxemia. Six anesthetized monkeys breathed air for 1 hr, then an hypoxic mixture (FIO2 = 0.13) containing N2O for 1 h and, finally, 100% O2. Plasma endotoxin concentrations were determined by two methods. After approximately 40 min of hypoxia, the plasma endotoxin level rose significantly from 0.39 to 1.60 ng X ml-1 (p less than 0.001) and then subsided to near control levels. Control monkeys breathing air only or 70% N2O in oxygen (FIO2 = 0.3) for 3 h showed no such elevation in plasma endotoxin concentration. We conclude that hypoxia leads to a temporary endotoxemia in primates. Reticuloendothelial system depression by whole body X-irradiation (200 rads) increased both the magnitude and duration of the hypoxia-induced endotoxemia. Prior administration of equine anti-lipopolysaccharide (anti-LPS) hyperimmune plasma greatly reduced the magnitude of the induced endotoxemia. Since endotoxemia may be lethal, the use of anti-LPS as possible prophylaxis should be considered in persons breathing artificial atmospheres or where acute hypoxia may be a danger.
Dissimilar Lesions of the Nervous System: Brain Tumor and Syringomyelia

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Dissimilar Lesions of the Nervous System: Brain Tumor and Syringomyelia Get access William W. Kaelber, M.D. William W. Kaelber, M.D. Philadelphia, Pa. **Resident in Neuropathology, Philadelphia General Hospital. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology, Volume 11, Issue 1, January 1952, Pages 79–82, https://doi.org/10.1097/00005072-195201000-00009 Published: 01 January 1952
Children Displaced by Hurricane Katrina: A Focus Group Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Focus groups were conducted with 23 children and adolescents, aged 9 to 17 years, who relocated from Louisiana to Texas following Hurricane Katrina to explore their disaster, evacuation, and resettlement experiences. The resilience described by some was remarkable and, despite evidence of cultural disparity and stigma, many identified positive aspects of the new communities in which they resided. Attempts to help displaced children must begin with a full understanding of the individual experiences and reactions of those being served rather than being based on assumptions about what may have occurred.
Potential substitutes for discontinued poly(vinyl acetate) resins used in conservation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Several poly(vinyl acetate) resins that continue to be important and useful in many areas of conservation are no longer available, namely, the AY series manufactured by the Union Carbide Corporation (AYAC, AYAA, AYAF, AYAT), and Mowilith 20 originally manufactured by the Hoechst Corporation. To identify potential substitutes, comparable resins were obtained from manufacturers and their properties were investigated and compared to the discontinued resins. Non-instrumental analysis was conducted to assess basic properties and measure relative viscosity. In addition, instrumental analysis was used to measure molecular weight, glass transition temperature, and chemical composition. The collected data were compiled and evaluated to determine potential substitutes for each of the discontinued resins.
Measurement of micro-channels with confocal microscopy

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this report a proficient method is suggested to measure the geometric dimensions of a micro channel merged by a transparent top plate by employing the techniques of swift vertical scan of featured surfaces, detailed multi-layer sampling of depth response curves (DRC), and measurement of the refractive index of transparent top plate. The featured surfaces with profile fluctuation in the micro scale are scanned with high vertical resolution. The absolute height of each surface is determined by the highest point of the corresponding DRC. Since the DRCs are only sampled in the central area the processing speed is acceptable even with a large scanning length. The results of the measured depth should be corrected by the refractive index. The focal point moves at the same speed during the scanning motion, only in the same material. Any measurable steps on the sample surface can be used as the sampling area. By scanning the same area from both sides different sectional profiles can be extracted. The ratio of the different steps is the refractive index. Hence, this project aims to calibrate the refractive index and using that to correct the results acquired by internal scanning. This project will cover the literature review done on the project; it will then discuss the principle of 3D reconstruction based on confocal microscopy as well as the methods for individual scanning for featured surfaces and multi-layer DRC for absolute height measurement. In conclusion of the project, an efficient method for micro-channel measurement based on confocal microscopy was proposed.