jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect on the recovery rate of Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A by selective use of aerobic and anaerobic blood culture approaches

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To evaluate the effect on the recovery rate of Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A by selective use of aerobic and anaerobic blood culture approaches.Methods A 10 ml blood sample was collected from 18 684 patients with suspected blood stream infections and cultured by using mini-VITAL automated fluorescent blood cultivator or BacT/Alert 3D cultivator.When both aerobic and anaerobic blood culture bottles were used,17 733 were detected;Aerobic culture alone detected 935 and anaerobic culture alone detected 16,each bottle held about 5-ml draw.Results A total of 3888 isolates(20.81%) were recovered from 18 684 blood samples,with 3613 isolates recovered from paired aerobic and anaerobic blood culture bottles,2802 isolates(77.55%) recovered from both bottles in each pair of bottles,406 isolates(11.24%) recovered only from aerobic bottles,and 405 isolates(11.21%) recovered only from anaerobic bottles.The aerobic and anaerobic blood culture positive alarming times for 2802 isolates were(22.56±13.22)h and(26.69±15.80)h,the aerobic culture positive alarming time for 406 isolates was(32.85±23.33)h,the anaerobic culture positive alarming time for 405 isolates was(34.46±18.44)h.Conclusions The recovery rates of aerobic and anaerobic blood culture approaches are identical.The increased positive rate when using paired aerobic and anaerobic blood culture bottles is due to the additional blood volume.
Aggressive behaviour and diabetes: A clinical case of atypical metabolic improvement during clozapine treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aggressive and violent behaviour is a challenging psychiatric emergency to manage, especially among vulnerable categories such as patients with Intellectual Developmental Disorder. Although there is some evidence that clozapine may be useful as an anti-violence compound, its use is limited by common metabolic complications. An adult patient presented with obesity, type II diabetes mellitus, compulsive food intake, severe Intellectual Developmental Disorder, and a treatment-resistant aggressive behaviour. Clozapine was administered resulting in reduced aggressive behaviour. Unexpectedly, a reduction in the food craving as well as a sustained improvement in both anthropometric parameters and glycemic control were observed during the clozapine treatment. Our case report, describes these findings for the first time, highlighting the need for more clinical research to investigate both the efficacy of clozapine in the Intellectual Developmental Disorder populations and its long-term effects with special regard to the metabolic outcomes in this type of patients.
Validation of a Diabetes-Specific Quality-of-Life Scale for Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE To validate a diabetes-specific quality-of-life scale and to assess its psychometric properties in a large sample of patients with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS To assess the quality of diabetes care in a population-based study, a representative sample of 684 patients with type 1 diabetes was examined. A total of 657 patients (42% female; mean age 36 years; mean diabetes duration 18 years) completed the diabetes-specific quality-of-life scale (DSQOLS), which comprised 64 items on individual treatment goals (10 items), satisfaction with treatment success (10 items), and diabetes- related distress (44 items). Statistical examinations covered factor analysis, internal consistency of subscales, and construct and discriminant validity. RESULTS Factor analysis of the 44 items on diabetes-specific burdens revealed six reliable components (Cronbach's α): social relations (0.88), physical complaints (0.84), worries about future (0.84), leisure time flexibility (0.85), diet restrictions (0.71), and daily hassles (0.70). All six subscales were significantly correlated with a validated well-being scale (r = -0.35 to -0.53, P &lt; 0.001) and treatment satisfaction (r = 0.28 to 0.43, P &lt; 0.001). Physical complaints (r = 0.24) and worries about future (r = 0.17) showed the highest correlations with HbA1c (P &lt; 0.001). A flexible insulin therapy, a liberalized diet, the absence of late complications, and a higher social status were significantly associated with more favorable scores in different domains. CONCLUSIONS The DSQOLS is a reliable and valid measure of diabetes-specific quality of life. The scale is able to distinguish between patients with different treatment and dietary regimens and to detect social inequities. Use of the DSQOLS for assessment of individual treatment goals as defined by the patients may be helpful to identify motivational deficits and to tailor individual treatment strategies.
Development of Lead Free sn-bi-cu Solder Alloy

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Until recently, lead-containing alloys were considered
to be the most suitable soldering materials widely applied in the automotive industry and in several other sectors.However,with the implementation of EU(European union) environmental directives, the use of such alloys has become prohibited for negative effect on health. In this work we have studied various eutectic system like Sn-8.8 wt.% Zn, Sn-3.5 wt. % Ag and Sn-57wt. %Bi and Sn-0.7 wt. % Cu to find best alternative of Sn-Pb solder alloy. The characterization of microstructure was done by optical as well as scanning electro nmicroscopy (SEM).The composition of the solder alloys were determined by using Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)was done to find out the melting temperature of the alloys. Phase analysis for the alloys was done using X-ray diffraction. Tensile test was performed to find out the mechanical properties of the alloys. The present work reports the effect of addition of Cu on the melting point, hardness and electrical resistivity of Sn-57 wt. % Bieutectic solder alloy. Both binary eutectic Sn-57wt. % Bi and ternary Sn-(57-x) Bi-xCu (x = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 1 wt. %) alloys containing various amounts of Cu were developed by melting casting route.The microstructure of the various solder alloys were analyzed using an optical microscope and a SEM. The variation in melting point, hardness and electrical resistivity of the Sn-Bi eutectic solder alloys with the addition of Cu was determined. The melting point of the eutectic Sn-Bi solder alloy was found to decrease upto the addition of 0.7 wt. % Cu. However, further addition of Cu led to an increase in the melting point of the alloy. Addition of Cu led to an increase in the hardness of the eutectic Sn-Bi solder alloy whereas the electrical resistivity of the eutectic Sn-Bi solder alloy was found to increase upto the addition of 0.7 wt. % of Cu beyond which a decrease in the electrical resistivity was observed.A change in the microstructure of the solder alloy was observed when it was reheated above the melting temperature.
Molecular Luminescence Studies of Flavins, II.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The effects of experimental geometry on the theoretical polarizations of the S 1 ← S 0 and S 2 ← S 0 bands of π→π* type in riboflavin have been examined. Polarizations of these two bands are characterized by an angle between them in the range of 20—28° and are relatively insensitive to the input geometry. Thus the predicted polarizations are generally in agreement with fluorescence polarization spectrum of riboflavin at 77°K. Alloxazine forms a strong complex with KI, and the fluorescence and phosphorescence from the charge transfer states have been characterized by means of luminescence and photoselection measurements. Riboflavin did not form a strong complex with KI, but it forms aggregates (dimer) more readily than alloxazine. The excited states of flavins can be populated by the weak dipole-dipole coupling mechanism of energy transfer from 1 L a states of indoles to the S 2 state of flavins. The measured critical distances estimated from the fluorescence depolarization experiments range from 31 Å for indole to 40 A for indole-2-carboxylic acid in glycerol-methanol mixture (9:1) at 263°K.
Improvements in physical fitness of non-psychotic psychiatric patients following psychomotor therapy programs.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In order to improve both muscular and cardio-respiratory fitness in these patients, a balanced personalized training program, which includes aerobic and resistance training, is necessary during a period of at least 8 weeks. The less specific GPMT, when followed for a period of 16 weeks, is sufficient for improving muscular fitness and for maintaining cardio-respiratory fitness.
Developing Community Nursing Practice: Promoting Case Management and Skill Enhancement to Support Shifting the Balance of Care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Five inter-related projects were commissioned by NHS Highland to further knowledge and understanding of key issues that can be used to inform particular aspects of care delivery that supports the community nurse review. The five projects reflect some of the core elements that have been identified to maximise nurses’ contributions in community settings (Scottish Executive 2006a). The projects were designed to provide qualitative evidence of the views of community nurses regarding case management and to support the delivery of skills in community nursing practice. Additionally community nurses identified the knowledge and skills required to develop practice tools that would support areas of generalist and specialist practice, specifically around child welfare and long term conditions (heart care). The five projects were: i. Literature review on case management models in Community Nursing. ii. Action research project to support implementation of Case Management Models in community nursing. iii. Literature review on practitioners with special interest. iv. Research to inform development of practitioner tools for child protection and long term conditions (heart care). v. Research to explore skills transition to support Shifting the Balance of Care. This project focused on 3 key initiatives that are influencing community nursing and it was apparent that they all shared common goals and challenges of implementation. For this reason, it was clear that any development in service provision would impact on, and articulate with, other health, social and profession based changes and could not be implemented in isolation from other related developments that underpin shifting the balance of care. Nurses in the studies articulated insightful challenges for shifting the balance of care, and related role developments, but these were, in the majority, followed by offering practical solutions.
The behavior of steel beam-column joints subjected to catenary action

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Progressive collapse in a building occurs when the steel connection is unable to resist the abnormal loads imposed to it. Failure in one part of the structure can lead to an unstable mechanism in the load transferring process. If the damaged system is incapable of reaching a new static equilibrium, unexpectedly global collapse of the structure will occur. Ductile and robust bolted steel connections are necessary to maintain the structural integrity and mitigate progressive collapse of the entire system. Limited investigation of the behavior of steel connections has been studied under column removal scenarios. The main objective of the final year report is to study the behavior of beam-column joints subjected to catenary action using finite element modeling.
Research of the characteristics of acoustic processes using wavelet transformation for detecting a diagnostic sign of the technical state of gas pumping units

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The object of research is the degradation processes that take place in gas-pumping units (GPU) during its long-term operation and lead to the appearance of defects and, as a result, to a change in its technical state. Today, methods of parametric and vibration diagnostics are used to determine the technical condition of the GPU. To identify diagnostic signs of the technical state of the GPU, various transformations are used, in particular the wavelet transforms used in vibration processing that accompany the operation of the GPU and their technological parameters. At the same time, in the study of the diagnostic signs of the technical state of the GPU, the acoustic processes accompanying the operation of the GPU, which can be more informative in comparison with the vibration ones, were practically not considered. The developed experimental research methodology and their technical support made it possible to record the acoustic processes accompanying the operation of the gas compressor unit type GTK-25-i of the Nuovo Pignon company (Italy). In the course of the experimental studies, the realizations of the acoustic processes of the GPU were obtained for its three states – «nominal», «defective» and «current». Further studies of acoustic processes for three states of the GPU type GTK-25-i and using the wavelet transform showed that by the appearance of the wavelet spectrograms it is difficult to notice the difference in the appearance or disappearance of various frequency components depending on the technical state of the GPU. To obtain quantitative indicators of this dependence, a discrete wavelet transform was carried out, which makes it possible to identify characteristic trends in the change in noise values at different scales. The values of the approximation norm and the detail norms in relation to the signal norm (in percent) were obtained for a five-level wavelet decomposition with datasets. A linear dependence of the norm of the wavelet-component of the fifth-order detailing on the operating time of GPU type GTK-25-i and (changes in the technical state), which can be taken as a diagnostic sign of its technical state, has been established. The investigated diagnostic feature can be used as the basis for the method of diagnosing the technical state of GPU type GTK-25-i based on the characteristics of its acoustic process using the wavelet transform. An approach to identifying a diagnostic sign of the technical state of a GPU type GTK-25-i is considered based on the characteristics of acoustic processes using a wavelet transform can be used to identify a diagnostic sign of a condition for any type of GPU.
[Paracentric inversions in man. Apropos of 2 familial observations].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Two observations of paracentric inversion in man are reported. One is located on the long arm of chromosome 1 and was observed over two generations. The other is on the long arm of chromosome 5 and was transmitted over three generations. The possible implications of paracentric inversions on the phenotype and fertility are discussed.
Assessment of Pharmacotherapy of Myocardial Infarction Patients at Fauji Foundation Hospital, Peshawar

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: Observation of drug-drug interaction in myocardial infarction at Fauji Foundation Hospital, Peshawar Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from May 1, 2022 to July 30, 2022 at Fauji Foundation Hospital, Peshawar. The sample size was 45. The study population was patients admitted to the cardiology unit with a diagnosis of myocardial infarction. A purposive sampling technique was used in the assessment and interview of the patient. Patients suffering from myocardial infarction admitted to hospital during the above-mentioned period were included in this work. Results: All patients diagnosed with myocardial infarction had major complaints of chest pain and vomiting. There was nausea and sweating in four out of ten cases (80%). Less than half were presented with SOB (shortness of breath) and body aches. Almost two-thirds (60%) of the patients used Glimepiride in the past. Amlodipine and insulin were used by 40% of patients (n =18), while Gibenclamide and metformin were used by 20% of patients (n =9). All the patients had used tablets in the past. Injectables and capsules were used in proportions of 28 and 24 percent, respectively. Practical implication: This study will provide information to the physician that the major problem with polypharmacy in hospitals is drug-drug interactions. Conclusion: The study revealed the majority of patients with MI presented with chest pain. The researcher found the main problem with polypharmacy in hospitals is drug-drug interactions. Also, there is a lack of patient counseling, which leads to irrational use of medication. Keywords: pharmacotherapy; myocardial infarction; polypharmacy; drug-drug interaction
Discovery of Natural Co‐occurring Enantiomers of Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Main observation and conclusion Two new pairs of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) enantiomers as well as their new congeners were isolated from stems of Tabernaemontana bovina Lour. (Apocynaceae). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses and confirmed by X‐ray diffractions and computational calculations. Tabovine A, tabovine B and tabovines C—D possessed unprecedented 6/5/5/6/6, 6/5/5/6/5 and 6/5/6/6/6 ring systems, respectively. It is the first time to report co‐occurring enantiomers of MIAs. Additionally, the explanation concerning biogenesis of MIAs was provided. The findings would open a new window where we could disclose more diverse MIAs.
Co-orientable taut foliations in Dehn fillings of pseudo-Anosov mapping tori with co-orientation-reversing monodromy

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let $Σ$ be a compact orientable surface with nonempty boundary, let $φ: Σ\to Σ$ be an orientation-preserving pseudo-Anosov homeomorphism, and let $M = Σ\times I / \stackrelφ{\sim}$ be the mapping torus of $Σ$ over $φ$. Let $\mathcal{F}^{s}$ denote the stable foliation of $φ$ in $Σ$. Let $T_1, \ldots, T_k$ denote the boundary components of $M$. With respect to a canonical choice of meridian and longitude on each $T_i$, the degeneracy locus of the suspension flow of $φ$ on $T_i$ can be identified with a pair of integers $(p_i; q_i)$ such that $p_i > 0$ and $-\frac{1}{2}p_i < q_i \leqslant \frac{1}{2}p_i$. Let $c_i$ denote the number of components of $T_i \cap (Σ\times \{0\})$. Assume that $\mathcal{F}^{s}$ is co-orientable and $φ$ reverses the co-orientation on $\mathcal{F}^{s}$. We show that the Dehn filling of $M$ along $\partial M$ with any multislope in $J_1 \times \ldots \times J_k$ admits a co-orientable taut foliation, where $J_i$ is one of the two open intervals in $\mathbb{R} \cup \{\infty\} \cong \mathbb{R}P^{1}$ between $\frac{p_i}{q_i + c_i}, \frac{p_i}{q_i - c_i}$ which doesn't contain $\frac{p_i}{q_i}$. For some hyperbolic fibered knot manifolds, the slopes given above contain all slopes that yield non-L-space Dehn filllings. The examples include (1) the exterior of the $(-2,3,2q+1)$-pretzel knot in $S^{3}$ for each $q \in \mathbb{Z}_{\geqslant 3}$ (see \hyperref[Kri]{[Kri]} for a previous proof), (2) the exteriors of many L-space knots in lens spaces.
Creation of the WHO Indicators of Infant and Young Child Development (IYCD): metadata synthesis across 10 countries

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background Renewed global commitment to the improvement of early child development outcomes, as evidenced by the focus of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 4, highlights an increased need for reliable and valid measures to evaluate preventive and interventional efforts designed to affect change. Our objective was to create a new tool, applicable across multicultures, to measure development from 0 to 3 years through metadata synthesis. Methods Fourteen cross-sectional data sets were contributed on 21 083 children from 10 low/middle-income countries (LMIC), assessed using seven different tools (caregiver reported or directly assessed). Item groups, measuring similar developmental skills, were identified by item mapping across tools. Logistic regression curves displayed developmental trajectories for item groups across countries and age. Following expert consensus to identify well-performing items across developmental domains, a second mapping exercise was conducted to fill any gaps across the age range. The first version of the tool was constructed. Item response analysis validated our approach by putting all data sets onto a common scale. Results 789 individual items were identified across tools in the first mapping and 129 item groups selected for analysis. 70 item groups were then selected through consensus, based on statistical performance and perceived importance, with a further 50 items identified at second mapping. A tool comprising 120 items (23 fine motor, 23 gross motor, 20 receptive language, 24 expressive language, 30 socioemotional) was created. The linked data sets on a common scale showed a curvilinear trajectory of child development, highlighting the validity of our approach through excellent coverage by age and consistency of measurement across contributed tools, a novel finding in itself. Conclusions We have created the first version of a prototype tool for measuring children in the early years, developed using novel easy to apply methodology; now it needs to be feasibility tested and piloted across several LMICs.
Dynamic Proportional Rankings

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Proportional ranking rules aggregate approval-style preferences of agents into a collective ranking such that groups of agents with similar preferences are adequately represented. Motivated by the application of live Q&A platforms, where submitted questions need to be ranked based on the interests of the audience, we study a dynamic extension of the proportional rankings setting. In our setting, the goal is to maintain the proportionality of a ranking when alternatives (i.e., questions) -- not necessarily from the top of the ranking -- get selected sequentially. We propose generalizations of well-known aggregation rules to this setting and study their monotonicity and proportionality properties. We also evaluate the performance of these rules experimentally, using realistic probabilistic assumptions on the selection procedure.
Method for preventing and/or treating insulin resistance

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The present invention describes use of Eubacterium hallii et rel. and/or Alcaligenes faecalis et rel., as well as pharmaceutical, food, or feed compositions comprising these bacteria, as a medicament, in particular for preventing and/or treating insulin resistance and/or insulin resistance-related complications such as metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as insulin resistance in endocrine diseases (e.g.,obese subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus, Cushing's disease and lipodystrophy syndromes. Also described is a method for preventing and/or treating insulin resistance and/or insulin resistance-related complications such as dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitusas well as insulin resistance in endocrine diseases (e.g.,obese subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus, Cushing's disease and lipodystrophy syndromes)in a subject in need thereof, said method comprising the step of increasing the level of Eubacterium hallii et rel. and/or Alcaligenes faecalis et rel. in the small intestine