jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
“East Of The Sun And West Of The Moon”: Victorians and Fairy Brides

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract While Most Victorian Folklorists agreed that fairies were of both sexes, they were particularly drawn to the females of the elfin species. What is more surprising, at first glance, is their special interest in married fairy women-those wedded to mortal men. These fairy brides or swan maidens, as they were often called, were figures derived primarily from English and continental folklore rather than from romance or literary fairy tale (though they had been incorporated into these genres). Re peatedly analyzed in the works of the numerous amateur and professional folklorists who collected, chronicled, and studied materials about them, their personalities and behavior were endlessly fascinating to the Victorians. Moreover, it is not coincidental that the Victorian preoccupation with fairy brides reached its zenith in the 1880s and \Jos, when the debates on other issues pertaining to women-their right to keep their property in marriage and their right to separate from abusive mates (or even to divorce them)-were also escalating. The figure of the supernatural wife and the discussion of her rights and duties thus came to occupy an important and controversial place in the Victorian imagination.
MORE EFFECTIVE PLACE MANAGEMENT: AN EVALUATION OF COOK COUNTY'S NARCOTICS NUISANCE ABATEMENT UNIT

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter describes an impact evaluation of the Narcotics Nuisance Abatement Unit (NNAU) of the Cook County (Chicago) State's Attorney's Office (CCSAO). A central feature of the program is its emphasis on citizen and police cooperation in identifying properties on which drug sales are occurring. The program began in August 1990 and has become part of a community-based drug control strategy targeting buildings that are sites for drug trafficking or sales of drug paraphernalia. Neighborhood groups, police and other government agencies contact the program to make it aware of such nuisances. The NNAU employs three strategies: voluntary abatement, prosecutorial abatement and community outreach. The current chapter deals with the NNAU's effects on residents' perceptions and on subsequent drug dealing. A survey of residents living on blocks with and without abatement actions produced no evidence that evictions had any impact on citizens' perceptions of drug activity, other signs of disorder or feelings of safety on the block. Follow-up observations found no signs of drug dealing at eight of the ten abated buildings studied or on the blocks on which they were located.
A versatile domestic ironing board

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This report will cover the problems faced by users which include safety, efficiency and usability issues. For many years since the first design of ironing board, there are limited improvements made to the safety and usefulness of the equipment while keeping the cost low so that it will be readily available for average income households. Thus, the aim of this project is to design a versatile domestic ironing board that assist user to perform housework efficiently yet affordable. This project will begin with the conceptual design of the ironing board by making use of idea generation techniques such as function analysis, morphological chart and weighted evaluation matrix to finalize on the design. Next, the design is supported with theoretical calculations and finite element method analysis ran on Fusion 360 to make sure that the product is able to take the load without failing. Last but not least, a prototype was built to ensure the workability of the design and show how the prototype works during the presentation. This report will also outline the challenges faced while working on the project and some future improvements that can be made to the product to make it even more versatile.
Romosozumab for the treatment of osteoporosis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Sclerostin, a glycoprotein produced primarily by osteocytes, blocks the canonical Wnt signaling bone formation pathway. Romosozumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody to sclerostin that binds to sclerostin, permitting the engagement of Wnt ligands with their co-receptors, resulting in an increase in bone formation and bone mineral density (BMD). Clinical studies with romosozumab have shown dramatic improvements in BMD at the spine and hip. Romosozumab is associated with improvement in bone strength through mechanisms that include increases in bone formation and, different from classical osteoanabolic agents, suppression of bone resorption. Areas covered: Herein, the authors highlight the available data on romosozumab for the treatment of osteoporosis. This includes the latest data on the efficacy, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics as well as safety and tolerability data. Expert opinion: Monthly subcutaneous dosing of romosozumab reduces the risk of vertebral and clinical fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis, with a favorable balance of benefits and risks. Romosozumab is a promising emerging anabolic agent with a novel mechanism of action that may expand the options for treating osteoporotic patients at high risk of fracture.
Preemptive Repeat Priority Queues as a Special Case of the Multipurpose Server Problem—II

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this part of the study it is assumed that the servicing rate of the station is constant and the variability of service time is caused by the differing service requirements of the customers. Some characteristics of the model, such as the expected queue length and queuing time are derived. The effect of the type of service time variability upon the expected queue length is illustrated by a numerical example. The preemptive repeat priority problem, analogous to this model, is solved as a special case. Some other special cases are discussed in the paper.
Oral solutions used in the treatment of gingivitis

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Introduction. Gum disease can be caused by the build-up of oral bacterial plaque. If the bacteria are not removed by regular brushing and flossing, they can irritate the gums, causing them to become red, inflamed and bleed. These are the early symptoms of gum disease, called gingivitis. Objective of this study is to review the dental specialty literature and present the current knowledge regarding the technical and clinical aspects of different oral solutions, remedies for bacterial plaque exposure and treatment of gingivitis. Materials and methods. In the study we selected a sample of 10 patients aged between 15-30 years. Plaque developers with Erythrosine were applied. Oral rinsing with plain water or use of water spray was performed to remove soft deposits, food debris, excess dye. Appreciation of the degree of coloring. Removal of the dye by professional brushing with professional oral pastes. Various oral solutions have been used to improve the hygiene of the oral cavity. Results. The use of plaque revealers has been found to improve plaque exposure and removal through professional brushing to prevent gum disease. The use of oral solutions led to an obvious result of removing the unpleasant odor from the oral cavity and fresher breath. Conclusion. The use of oral plaque removers, mouthwashes, scaling and professional brushing lead to a significant reduction in gum disease. There is a need to raise awareness among patients and to motivate the actions of professional hygiene of the oral cavity and the removal of the factors favoring the deposition of dental plaque.
Quantitative Determination of SMN2 Copy Number using Next Generation Sequencing and Correlation to Disease Severity (S5.002)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

April 22, 2018April 10, 2018Free AccessQuantitative Determination of SMN2 Copy Number using Next Generation Sequencing and Correlation to Disease Severity (S5.002)Marjorie Westbrook, Daniel Kvitek, Erik Gafni, Joshua Paul, Michael Kennemer, Thomas Winder, and Perry ShiehAuthors Info & AffiliationsApril 10, 2018 issue90 (15_supplement)https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.90.15_supplement.S5.002 Letters to the Editor
Photonic Doppler velocimetry probe used to measure grain boundaries of dynamic shocked materials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Material scientists have developed computational modeling to predict the dynamic response of materials undergoing stress, but there is still a need to make precision measurements of surfaces undergoing shock compression. Miniature photonic Doppler velocimetry (PDV) probes have been developed to measure the velocity distribution from a moving surface traveling tens of kilometers per second. These probes use hundreds of optical fibers imaged by optical relays onto different regions of this moving surface. While previous work examined large surface areas, we have now developed a PDV microscope that can interrogate 37 different spots within a field of view of <1 mm, with a standoff distance of 17 mm, to analyze the motion differences across grain boundaries of the material undergoing dynamic stress. Each PDV fiber interrogates a 10 μm spot size on the moving surface. A separate imaging system using a coherent bundle records the location of the PDV spots relative to the grain boundaries prior to the dynamic event. Designing the mounting structures for the lenses, fibers, and coherent bundle was a challenge. To minimize back reflections, the fibers are index matched onto the first relay lens, which is made of fused silica. The PDV fibers are aligned normal to the moving surface. The imaging probe views the surface at an 18° angle. The coherent bundle is tilted 11° to its optical relay. All components are assembled into a single probe head assembly. The coherent bundle is removed from the probe head to be used for the next dynamic event. Alignment issues will also be discussed.
PM330. A Proof-of-concept Phase IIa Trial on an Investigational New Drug for Psychostimulant Use Disorder Treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

While decreasing trend in gender differences in alcohol use disorders was reported in Western countries, the change in Asian countries is unknown.This study aims to explore the shifts in gender difference in alcohol abuse (AA) and dependence (AD) in Korea.We compared the data from two nationwide community surveys to evaluate gender differences in lifetime AA and AD by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV).Face-to-face interviews using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) were applied to all subjects in 2001 (n = 6,220) and 2011 (n = 6,022).Male-to-female ratio of odds was decreased from 6.41 (95% CI, 4.81-8.54)to 4.37 (95% CI, 3.35-5.71)for AA and from 3.75 (95% CI, 2.96-4.75) to 2.40 (95% CI, 1.80-3.19)for AD.Among those aged 18-29, gender gap even became statistically insignificant for AA (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 0.97-2.63)and AD (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.80-2.41) in 2011.Men generally showed decreased odds for AD (0.55; 95% CI, 0.45-0.67)and women aged 30-39 showed increased odds for AA (2.13; 95% CI 1.18-3.84) in 2011 compared to 2001.Decreased AD in men and increased AA in women seem to contribute to the decrease of gender gap.Increased risk for AA in young women suggests needs for interventions.
Chronic granulomatous mastitis with axillary lymphadenopathy in a nulliparous woman.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chronic Granulomatous Mastitis (CGM) is a rare disorder and this generally occurs in young women with a recent history of lactation. Development of this disease in nulliparous women are rare with an incidence of 10%. Axillary lymphadenopathy is seen in 15% of cases diagnosed with CGM. We present a case of CGM in a 23- year-old nulliparous woman presenting with a breast mass and multiple axillary lymphadenopathy. To the best of our knowledge there are no documented cases of both these rare clinical features occurring simultaneously. The use of oral steroids prevented surgery and effectively induced remission.
Temperature dependence of avalanche multiplication in submicron Al0.6Ga0.4As diodes

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Photomultiplication measured in Al0.6Ga0.4As p+–i–n+ diodes falls with temperature in a manner that becomes less marked with decreasing i-region width and increasing electric field. Simple arguments relate this result to the effects of the ionization dead space, which is expected to depend weakly on temperature, and to the reduced scattering in the high electric fields present in thin avalanching structures. The temperature dependence of the “enabled” ionization coefficient can be approximately accounted for by simply subtracting the ballistic dead space from the width of the avalanche region. The simple arguments suggest the effect is independent of materials system.
A Comparison of Methods of Detecting Streptococci in Freshly Drawn Milk Samples

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Recent investigations on the etiology of infectious bovine mastitis emphasize the importance of detecting streptococci in the diagnosis of the disease.Hucker (4) found that milk from a normal quarter free from fibrosis does not contain long-chained streptococci.Ernst, Schmidt-Hoensdorf and Schmidt (1) succeeded in producing typical streptococcal mastitis by introducing streptococci from mastitis milk into the udder by way of the teat canal.Minett, Stableforth and Edwards (8) and Plastridge, Anderson, White and Rettger (10) have shown that herds free from infectious streptococcal mastitis may be established by the use of periodic bacteriological tests and segregation of animals shedding streptococci of the type associated with infectious bovine mastitis.While other organisms, particularly staphylococci, are occasionally responsible for udder disturbances, the evidence at hand indicates that a fairly well defined species of streptococcus is the principal etiological agent to be considered in attempts to control infectious bovine mastitis.The recognition of streptococci as the principal cause of infectious chronic mastitis increases the importance of methods of detecting the presence of these organisms in the udder of the cow.The standard nutrient agar plate commonly used in determining the bacterial content of milk is generally recognized as unsatisfactory for the detection of udder streptococci.As blood agar prepared with beef or veal infusion supplies the growth requirements of most streptococci and at the same time yields information on the characteristics of the strains isolated, blood agar has been used widely in detecting streptococci in milk samples.Three principal methods of inoculating blood agar plates have been used: namely, (1) streaking one or several loopfuls of whole milk over the surface of the medium, (2) streaking sediment from centrifuged portions of the sample over the surface of the medium, and (3) plating diluted portions of the sample in blood agar.Microscopic examination of stained films of fresh samples and films prepared from sediment have also been widely used.While the finding of long chains of streptococci by these two methods is generally regarded as conclusive evidence of streptococcal mastitis, the work of Rosell (11), Hucker (5), Halverson, Cherrington and Hansen (3) and iV [inert, Stableforth and Edwards (7) and Edwards (2) shows that animals affected with chronic
Thermal, Hydraulic, and Electromagnetic Modeling of Superconducting Magnet Systems

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Modeling techniques and tailored computational tools are becoming increasingly relevant to the design and analysis of large-scale superconducting magnet systems. Efficient and reliable tools are useful to provide an optimal forecast of the envelope of operating conditions and margins, which are difficult to test even when a prototype is available. This knowledge can be used to considerably reduce the design margins of the system, and thus the overall cost, or increase reliability during operation. An integrated analysis of a superconducting magnet system is, however, a complex matter, governed by very diverse physics. This paper reviews the wide spectrum of phenomena and provides an estimate of the time scales of thermal, hydraulic, and electromagnetic mechanisms affecting the performance of superconducting magnet systems. The analysis is useful to provide guidelines on how to divide the complex problem into building blocks that can be integrated in a design and analysis framework for a consistent multiphysics simulation.
Epidemiology and emergency management of firearm injuries presenting to Tertiary Care Hospital.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To analyze the demographic, clinical, and management characteristics of firearm injuries to inform prevention strategies and optimize trauma care. Study Design: Retrospective Cross-sectional study. Setting: Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar. Period: 15/4/2021 to 25/12/2021. Methods: including 147 patients with firearm injuries admitted. Data on demographics, injury characteristics, management strategies, and outcomes were collected from medical records. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0, with associations assessed through Chi-square tests. Results: The study population had a mean age of 35.2 ± 12.4 years, with 80% being male. Assault was the leading cause of injury, accounting for 62.5% of cases in males and 33.3% in females. Accidental injuries were more common in females (50%) compared to males (25%). Head and neck injuries were most prevalent, observed in 50% of females and 37.5% of males. Surgical intervention was required in 60% of cases, while 40% were managed conservatively. Significant associations were found between gender and anatomical location (p=0.02), as well as between age and cause of injury (p=0.02). Conclusion: Firearm injuries predominantly affect young males, with distinct gender- and age-based patterns. Males experienced a higher proportion of assault-related injuries, while females had more accidental injuries, emphasizing the need for gender-specific prevention strategies, including firearm safety education and community-based violence prevention programs. Younger individuals were disproportionately affected by head and neck injuries and assault-related incidents, underscoring the importance of age-specific interventions.
The Italian State, the Catholic Church and Women

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

When Italy underwent immense social, economic and political transformations in the early part of the twentieth century, the material rewards of the modernization process were unevenly distributed, just as the unification of Italy previously had brought very few benefits, if any, to the majority of the population. The one group which, in particular, saw no improvement to its condition was women, as they continued to be discriminated against by limited access to education and employment, unequal treatment under the law and disenfranchisement. The Catholic Church, the only truly unifying element of the country at the time of Unification, had become a bitter enemy of the Italian State after losing its temporal power. In these circumstances, women and their organizations proved crucial to the Church in dealing with its perceived adversaries: the State, the political left and modern society. To appreciate fully the social and political role which the Catholic women's movements played in this period, it is necessary to examine their contemporary context. With this objective, Section I explores the broad setting of post-Unification Italy and the troubled path of Church-State relations, and Section II looks more specifically at women's position in Italian society from the Risorgimento to World War II.KeywordsCivil CodeItalian WomanRoyal DecreeLiberal GovernmentTemporal PowerThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Development of mining- affected regions: the influence of the Commonwealth in a state dominated sphere

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Introduction Since the nineteenth century gold rushes, mining has been significant in the development of population centres in regional Australia. Given this preFederation prominence and the extensive powers and responsibilities that lie with the states in Australia's federal system, it is not surprising that most policies directly related to the extraction of minerals and on-shore oil and gas sit with state governments that have sovereignty over these resources. Nevertheless, the Federal Government can intervene in situations involving foreign affairs and trade; international agreements and conventions; Federal Government territory, properties and activities; taxation, financial management and redistribution; as well as cooperation between states and territories (Bührs and Aplin 1999). Some Federal Government policies and legislation directly influence the resources industry which, in turn, impacts on regional areas. Such legislation includes the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC), Native Title Act 1993, and recently the Mineral Resource Rent Tax Act 2012 (MRRT). In addition, the Federal Government's economic imperatives and responsibilities for national prosperity and development mean that general regional policy and socio-economic development programmes are relevant to mining-affected regions. Given these potential contradictions about responsibilities, there has been flux and at times confusion over the roles of various levels of government – and, indeed, other sectors – and the policy context for mining involves a complex interplay of factors at multiple levels. This chapter provides a background to the scale and significance of extractive industries in Australia's regions and details some direct mining-related initiatives of the Federal Government. Primarily it profiles recent policy innovations that illustrate the indirect ways the Federal Government has influenced development in on-shore mining regions within the legal and administrative framework of a federation. Federal involvement is important to ensure that Australia's mineral and energy resources are utilised to maximum advantage in the national interest and that possible negative ramifications for regional communities associated with resource developments are addressed. The chapter finishes by suggesting some priority policy areas in this respect.
Correlation of genetic polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinase-1 with non-small cell lung carcinoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective:To investigate the association of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the promoter region of-1670 bp of the human matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) gene (-1607 1G/2G) with genetic susceptibility of North Chinese to non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).Methods:The SNP of MMP-1 gene in the promoter region was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods in 159 NSCLC patients and 350 unrelated healthy controls.Results:The detection frequencies of the 2G/2G, 1G/2G, 1G/1G genotypes in NSCLC patients and healthy controls were 54.1%,33.9%,12.0% and 55.4%, 30.0%, 14.6%, respectively. The distribution of MMP-1 genotype was not significantly different between NSCLC patients and healthy controls ( χ 2=1.13, P =0.57). The 2G and 1G allele frequencies in NSCLC patients and healthy controls were 71.1%,28.9% and 70.4%,29.6%,respectively. The difference was also not significant ( χ 2=0.04, P =0.84). No significant influence of MMP-1 polymorphism on susceptibility to NSCLC was found by stratification analysis according to smoking status and histological type. The genotype distribution in NSCLC patients with and without lymphatic metastasis was not significantly different.Conclusion:The present data suggest that the SNP in the MMP-1 promoter region might not be associated with the risk and lymphatic metastasis of NSCLC in North Chinese.