jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Lysosome and Inflammatory Defects in GBA1‐Mutant Astrocytes Are Normalized by LRRK2 Inhibition

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Autosomal recessive mutations in the glucocerebrosidase gene, Beta‐glucocerebrosidase 1 ( GBA1 ), cause the lysosomal storage disorder Gaucher's disease. Heterozygous carriers of most GBA1 mutations have dramatically increased Parkinson's disease (PD) risk, but the mechanisms and cells affected remain unknown. Glucocerebrosidase expression is relatively enriched in astrocytes, yet the impact of its mutation in these cells has not yet been addressed. Objectives Emerging data supporting non‐cell‐autonomous mechanisms driving PD pathogenesis inspired the first characterization of GBA1 ‐mutant astrocytes. In addition, we asked whether LRRK2, likewise linked to PD and enriched in astrocytes, intersected with GBA1 phenotypes. Methods Using heterozygous and homozygous GBA1 D409V knockin mouse astrocytes, we conducted rigorous biochemical and image‐based analyses of lysosomal function and morphology. We also examined basal and evoked cytokine response at the transcriptional and secretory levels. Results The D409V knockin astrocytes manifested broad deficits in lysosomal morphology and function, as expected. This, however, is the first study to show dramatic defects in basal and TLR4‐dependent cytokine production. Albeit to different extents, both the lysosomal dysfunction and inflammatory responses were normalized by inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity, suggesting functional intracellular crosstalk between glucocerebrosidase and LRRK2 activities in astrocytes. Conclusions These data demonstrate novel pathologic effects of a GBA1 mutation on inflammatory responses in astrocytes, indicating the likelihood of broader immunologic changes in GBA‐PD patients. Our findings support the involvement of non‐cell‐autonomous mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of GBA1 ‐linked PD and identify new opportunities to correct these changes with pharmacological intervention. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A small‐gain approach to networked control systems with asynchronous communication

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The aim of this work is to give a procedure to compute an ISS Lyapunov function (ISS ‐ input‐to‐state stability ) for a large‐scale networked control system (NCS) in which sensors, controllers and actuators are connected via multiple communication networks that operate asynchronously, [1]. The main idea is that the NCS is modeled as an interconnection of controlled subsystems and (hybrid) error systems, for which local ISS Lyapunov functions can be derived from the underlying medium access control (MAC) protocol systematically. The application of a small‐gain result leads to the construction of an ISS Lyapunov function for the whole NCS. In particularly, maximally allowable transfer intervals (MATIs) and maximally allowable delays (MADs) for each communication network can be computed that are directly related to the ISS gains and convergence rates. In this respect, tradeoffs between the quality‐of‐control (QoC) of the whole NCS and the quality‐of‐service (QoS) of the communication networks become explicit. (© 2016 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Efficacy of Isoniazid Therapy in Mice with Different Genetic Susceptibility to Infection

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The question about possible influence of genetic susceptibility to Tuberculosis (TB) infection on the efficacy of its antibiotic treatment remains unanswered, and the results of scarce studies on the topic look contradictory. In the present work we studied the efficacy of short-term INH therapy against M. tuberculosis in hyper-susceptible I/St, relatively resistant BALB/c and highly resistant (I/St x BALB/c) F1 mice by comparing lung and spleen CFU counts and lung histopathology after 1- and 2-mo therapy. Our results indicate that the efficacy of INH therapy, as evaluated at the early phase of infection, is more effective in genetically susceptible hosts. Possible reasons for contradictions between studies applying early VS. late evaluation of the efficacy of treatment are discussed.
A quasi-elliptic low pass filter based on complementary split ring resonator with sharp selectivity and wide stopband

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This Paper illustrates the low pass filter (LPF) topology based on complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) with added slot. The introduction of a slot structure in the CSRR can not only reduce the group velocity of the transmission but also decrease the inductive reactance which results in compactness of the device by providing the transmission zero after resonance. Therefore, quasi-elliptic function and extension of the rejection band has been established. In other words, this LPF exhibits significant improvement on rejection bandwidth, selectivity and return loss (RL) in the passband. Besides, with electrical length for the ring is o.11Xg (single cell), the device characterizes by pointing out the capability of the approach with rejection levels of 13-dB over 50% of the stopband and selectivity of about 142 dB/GHz. The group delay is within 0.20 ns over 75% of frequency of interest. Well agreement between theoretical and simulated data are accomplished.
Impact of the 2004 Hurricane Season on the Florida Public Hurricane Loss Model

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Florida Public Hurricane Loss Model is one of the first public models entirely accessible for scrutiny to the scientific community. The model incorporates the latest state of the art techniques in hurricane prediction, and vulnerability modeling based on engineering criteria. Although the model was developed for Florida, its methodology is applicable to any hurricane prone region. Version 1.5 of the model was developed before any data from the 2004 hurricane season was available. When data from this intense hurricane season, which produced substantial losses in Florida, became available, it provided the opportunity to validate and recalibrate the loss model against actual claim data. The paper describes the resulting changes in the Model, and how they affected the predicted loss costs in Florida. Scenario analyses illustrate the significance of the model results for the insurance industry and homeowners in the State of Florida.
A novel prediction model of total drag coefficient of an MPV vehicle based on LSA optimization

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Environmental degradation and energy scarcity are caused by the ongoing rise in the number of automobiles. The most efficient way to lower air resistance while driving is to boost vehicle energy efficiency and reduce energy consumption. In this case, a specific MPV model serves as the study subject in this work, and we use CFD simulation to estimate the drag coefficient along with the selection of important factors. Furthermore, to increase prediction accuracy, a lightning search algorithm (LSA)-based BP-neural-network prediction model is created and developed. The results show that the average relative error reduction of 2.83% in the drag resistance model optimized by the lightning search method represents a significant improvement in accuracy. This phenomenon can be explained by the LSA’s ability to resolve the BP neural network’s initial weight and threshold uncertainty as well as the issue of local minima being quickly reached. The high prediction accuracy drag prediction model, obtained herein, is useful for creating and producing automobile shapes with low drag coefficients.
Reaction of 5-(Arylmethylidene)-2,4,6-pyrimidine2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-triones with Morpholine N-Oxide

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The reaction of 5-(arylmethylidene)-2,4,6-pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-triones with morpholine in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and catalytic amounts of sodium tungstate leads to the synthesis of 2-aryltetrahydro-1'H,2H-spiro(isoxazole[3,2-c][1,4]oxazine-3,5'-pyrimidine)-2',4',6'(3'H)-triones.
Cystic fibrosis of pancreas and nephrotic syndrome: a rare association

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease with autosomal recessive inheritance and is common in Caucasian people. The prevalence of this disease is between 1/2,000 and 1/3,500 live births, and the incidence varies between populations. Although the CF transmembrane conductance regulator gene is expressed in the kidneys, renal involvement is rare. With advances in the treatment of CF, life expectancy has increased, and some previously unobserved disease associations are now seen in patients with CF. It is important to follow patients with CF for possible abnormalities that may accompany CF. In this paper, we present two rare cases of CF accompanied by nephrotic syndrome.
An Analysis of Michael R. Gottfredson and Travish Hirschi's A General Theory of Crime

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Michael R. Gottfredson and Travish Hirschi’s 1990 A General Theory of Crime is a classic text that helped reshape the discipline of criminology. It is also a testament to the powers of clear reasoning and interpretation.
In critical thinking terms, reasoning is all about presenting a solid and persuasive case – and as many people instinctively understand, the most persuasive reasoning is that which bases itself on a single, simple hook. In Gottfredson and Hirschi’s case, this hook was what has come to be known as the “self-control theory of crime” – the idea that the tendency to commit crime is directly related to an individual’s level of self-control.
While the dominant schools of thought of the time tended to focus on crime as the product of complex environmental factors, with little attempt to unify different theories, Gottfredson and Hirschi sought to interpret things so as to provide a single overarching concept that explained why crimes of all sorts were committed. Moreover, while other theories of crime concentrated on understanding and explaining specific types of law-breaking, the self-control model could, in Gottfredson and Hirschi’s view, be seen as the basis for understanding the root cause for all crime in all contexts. While such simplicity inevitably attracted as much criticism as agreement, subsequent studies have provided real-world corroboration for the General Theory’s persuasive reasoning.
RAPD Variation Within and Among Populations of Ginseng Cultivars

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The genetic variations of four ginseng populations (32 individuals) were confirmed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and 46.1% polymorphic sites were detected, which proved that the genetic diversity level in the garden ginseng ( Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) was relatively high. The diversity coefficient (DC) values of the five populations, i.e., the first_class ginsengs, the third_class ginsengs, the Biantiao (BT) 59 ginsengs, the Beijing ginsengs and P. quinquefolium ranged from the highest in the third_class ginsengs (0.4169) to the relatively lower in the first_class ginsengs (0.2565), then to the lowest in BT59 ginsengs (0.1881). It is proved that the way and the number of generations of selection were very important to purify ginseng population. According to the pairwise differentiation values of all populations, the proportion of diversity coefficient (PDC) values (1.77%) between BT59 ginsengs and the first_class ginsengs was the lowest, that (12.77%) between BT59 ginsengs and third_class ginsengs was moderate, and that (42.01%) between BT59 ginsengs and the Beijing ginsengs was the most significant. The first_class ginsengs and BT59 ginsengs were combined firstly in the dendrogram constructed from the PDC values, followed by the order of the third_class ginsengs, Beijing ginsengs, and P. quinquefolium . The author's results were consistent with those of the previous agronomic studies and these data can provide a basis for cultivation and breeding of ginseng.
Consultant Correspondence to:

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea or Pseudomembranous colitis occasionally occurs without prior antibiotic usage. While the association of chemotherapy and Clostridium difficile infection has previously been well recorded, the true incidence is unknown. We report a case of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea after chemotherapy for lung cancer. The fatal outcome in this case and the increasing use of chemotherapy in this country highlights the need to have a high index of suspicion in any case of unexplained diarrhoea post chemotherapy. A review of the literature is presented.
Computational intelligence methods for process control: fed-batch fermentation application

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In current study, the ability of computational intelligence methods to tackle modern control problems is under observation. In particular, two computational intelligence techniques belonging to different algorithm families are reviewed, refined and applied to a benchmark fed-batch fermentation process – a linguistic inversion method that designs the controller through automated analysis of information encapsulated in fuzzy linguistic rules of the process model and an evolutionary computation approach that complements its search capabilities with a human critic that guides the optimisation process. The results in terms of productivity measures that compare very favourably to reported results available from literature strongly suggest that in conditions (i.e. presence of noise, parameter variation and randomness) that resemble real-life situations, approximate techniques have an edge over more or less conventional optimisation methods as being more robust and more effective in knowledge discovery.
Points From Letters: Painful Injections

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AIMS

To process video slit lamp biomicroscopic fundus image sequences in order to generate wide field, high quality fundus image montages which might be suitable for photodocumentation.

METHODS

Slit lamp biomicroscopic fundus examination was performed on human volunteers with a contact or non-contact lens. A stock, charge coupled device camera permitted image capture and storage of the image sequence at 30 frames per second. Acquisition time was approximately 30 seconds. Individual slit lamp biomicroscope fundus image frames were aligned and blended with custom developed software.

RESULTS

The developed algorithms allowed for highly accurate alignment and blending of partially overlapping slit lamp biomicroscopic fundus images to generate a seamless, high quality, wide field montage.

CONCLUSIONS

Video image acquisition and processing algorithms allow for mosaicking and enhancement of slit lamp biomicroscopic fundus images. The improved quality and wide field of view may confer suitability for inexpensive, real time photodocumentation of disc and macular abnormalities.
Nulmeting omzet multifunctionele landbouw Regio Rivierenland

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Doel van deze studie is om voor Regio Rivierenland een zo goed mogelijk beeld te geven van de omvang – in aantal bedrijven en omzet – van de multifunctionele landbouw in 2016. Er is gekozen voor 2016, omdat dit het jaartal is met de meest recente gegevens uit de CBS Landbouwtelling. Binnen multifunctionele landbouw worden zes deelsectoren onderscheiden, te weten: zorglandbouw, agrarische kinderopvang, boerderijverkoop, recreatie, agrarisch natuurbeheer en educatie.
Don’t judge a book by its cover: except during optical evaluation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A healthy 41-year-old female was referred for the endoscopic management of a large rectal laterally spreading lesion (LSL). On index colonoscopy, performed for the evaluation of rectal bleeding, multiple proximal sessile serrated polyps were identified meeting diagnostic criteria for serrated polyposis syndrome. Family history was notable for a sister with a history of sessile serrated polyps.

Using an Olympus 190 series high-definition colonoscope (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan), the lesion was evaluated under white-light (figure 1A), narrow-band imaging (NBI) (figure 1B) and near-focus (figure …
Xenacoelomorpha Nervous Systems

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The emergence and diversification of bilateral animals are among the most important transitions in the history of life on our planet. A proper understanding of the evolutionary process will derive from answering such key questions as, how did complex body plans arise in evolutionary time, and how are complex body plans “encoded” in the genome? the first step is focusing on the earliest stages in bilaterian evolution, probing the most elusive organization of the genomes and microscopic anatomy in basally branching taxa, which are currently assembled in a clade named Xenacoelomorpha. This enigmatic phylum is composed of three major taxa: acoel flatworms, nemertodermatids, and xenoturbellids. Interestingly, the constituent species of this clade have an enormously varied set of morphologies; not just the obvious external features but also their tissues present a high degree of constructional variation. This interesting diversity of morphologies (a clear example being the nervous system, with animals showing different degrees of compaction) provides a unique system in which to address outstanding questions regarding the parallel evolution of genomes and the many morphological characters encoded by them. A systematic exploration of the anatomy of members of these three taxa, employing immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and high-throughput transmission electron microscopy, will provide the reference framework necessary to understand the changing roles of genes and gene networks during the evolution of xenacoelomorph morphologies and, in particular, of their nervous systems.
Analysis on strategies of suppressing secondary arc current in UHV system with controllable shunt reactors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To solve the contradiction between UHV transmission line's over-voltage limitation strategy and its reactive power compensation strategy, China plans to apply controllable shunt reactors in its UHV system. The paper briefly introduces the UHV power transmission system using controllable shunt reactors. The structure and basic operating principle of the controllable shunt reactors is described. Through analyzing the characteristic of controllable shun reactors and the mechanism of secondary arc current, two strategies are proposed to suppress secondary arc current in the system with controllable shunt reactors. Their applicability is analyzed by simulation on China's planned UHV transmission project with controllable shunt reactors. The result shows that, when the neutral point of the controllable shunt reactors connects to the ground through a fixed reactor, by switching the capacity of controllable shunt reactors to the maximum capacity when a single phase to ground fault happens, the secondary arc current can be suppressed effectively.
The Interplay of Osmotic Engine Model and Actin Polymerization in Confined Cell Migration

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cell migration plays a pivotal role in diverse (patho)physiological phenomena, including cancer metastasis. Our knowledge on the mechanisms of cell motility originates primarily from studies using unconfined, two-dimensional (2D) substrates. However, these 2D assays fail to recapitulate the confining tracks encountered in vivo. Thus, we have engineered in vitro models to study cell motility in confining channels of different stiffness. According to the Osmotic Engine Model, the polarized distribution of ion channels, ion pumps and aquaporins along the longitudinal cell axis drives tumor cell migration inside stiff polydimethylsiloxane-based confining microchannels even after inhibition of actin polymerization with high doses (2 µM) of latrunculin A. This presentation will also discuss the interplay between the osmotic engine model and actin polymerization inside compliant, narrow microchannels. Uncovering the complexity of cell locomotion in physiologically relevant microenvironments could enable the development of therapeutic interventions aiming to halt metastatic spread.
How do you know if you don’t try? Non-traditional research methodologies, novice researchers, and leisure studies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A variety of qualitative approaches – underlined by diverse postpositivist, postmodern, poststructuralist, and interdisciplinary perspectives – are employed by scholar’s in the field of leisure studies that influence the use of non-traditional qualitative methodologies. In this article, we discuss why novice researchers (such as graduate students or neophyte researchers) studying leisure contexts should engage in and build a legacy of utilizing non-traditional methodologies within their research. We provide a brief review of literature and an overview of our own experience conducting research utilizing (1) the methodological bricolage; and (2) autoethnography. We discuss our experiences of two novice researchers in the field of leisure who utilized non-traditional qualitative methodologies, and, building on contributions from scholars in the field of leisure who have advocated for a diversification and robust knowledge base, discuss and advocate for the use of non-traditional research approaches in leisure studies as something to be celebrated by inquiring, novice researchers. We conclude by suggesting that building a legacy of engaging in non-traditional methodologies by novice researchers offers potential to contribute to the dynamic and reflexive field of leisure.
VARIABILITY IN MEASURES OF MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITY STRUCTURE BY STREAM REACH AND STREAM CLASS1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT: Macroinvertebrate community data collected from streams in Wyoming were assessed at various scales: within one stream reach, between stream reaches within one stream, between streams, and between stream classes. Fourteen indices including number of individuals/m 2 , biomass/m 2 , number of taxa, Shannon's diversity index, and functional feeding group ratios were used to compare macroinvertebrates by stream reach and stream class. Statistical analysis indicated that for five of the 14 indices, significant variability occurred between macroinvertebrate communities within one reach. For two of the remaining nine indices there was significant variability between communities from several reaches within the same stream. For seven of the nine indices, there was significant variability among macroinvertebrate communities from streams of the same class. Variability among the macroinvertebrate communities from the three stream classes was significantly different for seven of the nine indices. ANOVA results suggest that macroinvertebrate communities from different samples within one reach and between reaches within one stream were more comparable than those from different streams and different stream classes.