jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
High precision radial-velocity measurements of late-type evolved stars

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Late-type evolved stars include the variable red giants, like Mira and semi-regular variables, and the pulsating supergiant RV Tauri stars. Despite this, K-type giants in the past were generally believed to be constant in photometry and radial velocity, but in the last decade it has been discovered that this is not necessarily the case. This was the motivation for spectroscopic observations of 44 late-type evolved stars to be carried out over three years, in the hope of helping to determine how common K giants variable in radial velocity are and whether the variations are related to those seen for other late-type evolved stars. The observations were obtained at Mount John University Observatory and used with digital cross-correlation to achieve relative radial velocities of 50 m/s precision. At this precision all but eight of the observed stars were found to be variable in radial velocity. Thirteen stars also had broad-band photometry taken, because any one of orbital motion, rotation with starspots, pulsation and the motion of large convective cells could cause apparent radial-velocity variations. Knowledge of the relationship between light and radial-velocity variations can help distinguish between these different mechanisms. The timescales for these different mechanisms were also estimated to help determine which was responsible for the variations observed. Generally the observed K-giant radial-velocity timescales were of the order of a few hundred days, which indicates they are due to one of binary motion, rotational modulation or non-acoustic non-radial pulsation. However, for M giants and supergiants the situation was very different with both short-term and long-term radial-velocity timescales being found in most stars. In most cases the short-term timescale is due to acoustic pulsation, while the long-term timescale could be due to any one of binary motion, surface features (including the motion of large convective cells) or non-acoustic non-radial pulsation.
Properties of the Spearman Correction for Attenuation for Normal and Realistic Non-Normal Distributions

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Results are presented of a computer simulation study of the Spearman correction for attenuation using a design originally suggested by Spearman (1904). Two parallel measures were generated for each of two variables with predetermined distribution shapes, correlations between true scores, and population reliability coefficients. The resulting data consisted of error scores, observed scores, sample reliability coefficients, and sample validity coefficients. The correction for attenuation was performed, and means, variances, and relative frequency distributions of both the uncorrected and corrected validity coefficients were analyzed for normal and non-normal distributions. For varying sample sizes and for all population distributions, the means of the corrected sample correlations were very close to the correlation between true scores, provided that the population reliability coefficients were fairly high. The variability of the corrected sample correlations was substantial, even for larger sample sizes. For lower reliability values, there was pronounced overcorrection, combined with extreme variability, especially for smaller sample sizes. Under these conditions, corrections exceeding 1.00 were frequent. The correction for attenuation appears to be useful only if the reliability coefficients of both measures are relatively high and sample size is relatively large. The properties of the correction for attenuation appear to be independent of the shape of the population distribution of test scores, at least for distributions commonly encountered in psychological and educational research.
Semideciduous Atlantic Forest mammals and the role of the Paraná River as a riverine barrier

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The role of the Parana River as an effective barrier for mammalian dispersal was evaluated. Four species were analyzed based on their characteristics and distributions along river margins: Caluromys lanatus (Didelphimorphia), Hylaeamys megacephalus, Oecomys bicolor (Rodentia), and Alouatta caraya (Atelidae). Considering their characteristics of small body sizes, arboreal life styles (of most species), and distributions in both river margins, the Parana River is suggested to be a weak geographic barrier for mammal dispersal.
Genomics in the real world.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The term genomics has evolved into a catch-all term for a variety of information intensive biological methodologies. While the promise of genomics in the bio/pharmaceutical industry is great, its impact on the drug discovery pipeline has not yet been realized, excluding a few notable exceptions. As companies acquire several years of experience in working with genomic data, it is likely that the impact on the discovery process will slowly emerge as we learn to integrate these new technologies into individual discovery programs. It is clear that extracting novel biologically valid targets targets from exponentially growing amounts of sequence data requires time and considerable investment in biological research infrastructure. In order to accelerate the process of target validation, a variety of functional genomics technologies are also being developed to try to predict the effect of inhibitory compounds in advance of development. Resources spent on early stage exploratory efforts such as these can pay off by improving the success rate for screening and medicinal chemistry.
Feedback of Patients Regarding Orthodontic Treatment During the COVID-19 Pandemic on Twitter: a Qualitative Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aim: This study aimed to assess the feedback of patients regarding orthodontic treatment during the coronavirus pandemic of 2019 (COVID-19).Methods: In this observational study, keywords related to orthodontic treatment along with either “corona” or “COVID” were searched in Twitter during a two-month period from 2 October 2020 to 12 October 2021. The retrieved tweets were categorized into five themes of pain, getting braces, limitations due to COVID-19, seeking information, and delayed treatment based on content, and were then manually categorized into three groups of positive, neutral, and negative tweets. Next, a coding system was designed by the software MAXQDA, and the tweets were coded. Data were analyzed by the analysis feature of MAXQDA.Results: Of a total of 424 tweets retrieved, 95 were excluded. The majority of the tweets were about limitations due to COVID-19 (n=156) and were negative (n=213). Also, the majority of the tweets were posted by female users (67.5%). The most common reason for the negative tweets of patients was delayed treatment (43.9%). Also, poor performance of orthodontic clinics and orthodontists with regard to informing and reassuring the patients about protective measures was another reason for the negative tweets of patients (12.5%).Conclusion: Delayed treatment was the most common cause of patient dissatisfaction followed by poor awareness and reassurance of patients regarding adherence to the preventive measures and hygienic protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Soft contributions to heavy quark production in arbitrary kinematics

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present the computation of the soft-parton contribution at low transverse momentum for the production of a heavy quark pair in association with a colour singlet at the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in the QCD coupling. This paper extends to arbitrary kinematics previous results obtained under the assumption of a back-to-back configuration for the final-state emitters. These new results take into account the production of an additional colour singlet system, thus allowing for the evaluation of the resummation formula for associated heavy-quark pair production at NNLO, and the implementation of the qT subtraction formalism for this class of processes. We provide the results in the form of a code for their on-the-fly evaluation.
Correlation between chronic periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis: A periodontist perspective

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this study, we evaluate the relationship between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and chronic periodontitis on the basis of clinical attachment present and severity of attachment loss in both the cases. First of all Diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis and chronic periodontitis was performed, thereafter bacterial DNA extraction from blood serum sample and subgingival dental plaque of each group through PCR and later DNA purification through Spin protocol was performed, oligonucleotide primer was used to detect t.forcythia and PCR amplification was done to detect T. Denticola for both the groups .PBDNA was detected in both SGP and serum samples of both the groups. In SGP samples, Tannerella forsythia was more frequently detected as compared to serum samples of both the groups. In result theclinical attachment Level (CAL) was observed to be higher in RA group as compared to CP group. Comparison of CAL according to severity was also observed in both the groups which suggested that RA group has mild periodontitis as compared to CP group in which moderate to severe periodontitis was seen, Detection of periodontal bacterial DNA by PCR assay PBDNA was detected in both SGP and serum samples. In SGP samples, Tannerella forsythia was more frequently detected as compared to serum samples of both the groups. So these are two common chronic inflammatory diseases with a similar host-mediated pathogenesis. Current evidence suggests that an association exists between periodontitis and RA. Well-designed multicenter longitudinal clinical trials and studies with sufficient sample sizes are needed to ascertain the relationship between these two diseases and whether periodontal treatment can reduce the severity of RA or prevent its onset.
Incidence and population of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk from milking to milk plant.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A total of 575 samples of raw milk from tank lorries (193 samples), dairy farms (150), individual cows (68) on three farms and individual teats (164) of cows on four farms was examined quantitatively for Staphylococcus aureus. The incidence of S. aureus in raw milk increased from cow teats (13.4%), through individual cows (51.5%) and dairy farms (34.7%) to the final step in tank lorries (94.3%). The population of S. aureus, however, did not vary significantly along the chain of milk distribution from the dairy farm to the milk plant. Fifty-two (36.6%) of the 142 strains isolated from raw milk produced one or more enterotoxins. Types VII (27.5%), II (22.5%) and III (18.3%) were dominant among coagulase types I through VIII.
Application of Fully Mechanized Coal Mining Face Crossing over Rock Crosscut in Tucheng Mine

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to improve the coal mining rate and to realize the concentrated stress in the rock crosscut released,according to the seam geological conditions of No.1512-18 coal mining face in Tucheng Mine,the paper analyzed the causes of large coal pillar left and low mining recovery rate of the conventional strike longwall mining.Thus the paper provided the mining method of the fully mechanized coal mining face crossing over rock crosscut analysis.With the on the gateway layout,support method,mining technology and mining result of the mining technology crossing rock crosscut,the paper stated that the longwall strike retreat mining method to cross over the rock crosscut could not only be feasible in the technology and safety,but also could have an economic benefit.
A limitation of the kernel method for joint distributions of arbitrary variables

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

By representing signals in terms of several physical quantities simultaneously, joint distribution functions can reveal signal features that remain hidden from other methods of analysis. Cohen (1966, 1995) has proposed a construction for joint distributions of arbitrary physical quantities, in direct generalization of joint time-frequency representations. Actually, this method encompasses two approaches: one based on operator correspondences and one based on weighting kernels. The literature has emphasized the kernel method due to its ease of analysis; however, its simplicity comes at a price. We use a simple example to demonstrate that the kernel method cannot generate an possible bilinear joint distributions. Our results suggest that the relationship between the operator method and the kernel method merits closer scrutiny.
CSR Communication: The Use of Internet-Based Tools

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Corporate communication plays an important role in establishing and maintaining transparent and open dialogues with different stakeholders to foster ethical and socially responsible actions. The advent of the internet not only reorganized the way in which companies collect information, but also redefined stakeholders’ expectations. This paper investigates the potential of internet-based communication tools to disclose CSR topics. The study analyses the extent to which the Dow Jones Sustainability Index companies are using the internet-based tools to foster one-way and two-way communications and, so, to develop a dialogue with stakeholders. The research suggests a prevalence of one-way communication through internet-based tools but, at the same time, a large dissemination of social network channels.
A multicast-based cooperative communication method for platoon management (poster)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Driving with low-fuel consumption is a significant challenge for automobile society and cooperative platooning is one of the solutions. Thus, studies about platooning is widely discussed. Platooning vehicles are expected to drive short inter-vehicular distance in order to enhance the energy-saving effect. Hence, the vehicular communication is applied to support platooning. However, an existing unicast-based one-request/one-response communication is not reliable since the network traffic load is increased as the number of platoon vehicles increase. In this paper, we propose a multicast-based cooperative communication for platoon management. The method is intended for intra-platoon communication and realizes multicast, loss detection and cooperative retransmission. This scheme enables to reduce the amount of communication and improve reliability. We simulate and evaluate the proposed method and the results show that the method is efficient in terms of the delay, the success ratio and the network traffic load.
The “memory” misinformation effect may not be caused by memory failures: Exploring memory states of misinformed subjects

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract In experiments concerning the misinformation effect, participants first watch some original material, e.g. a video clip, and read a description that in the experimental group contains information inconsistent with the video clip. Afterwards, all participants answer questions about the video. Typically, the misled group more often reports erroneous misleading information than the non-misled one.Theoretical explanations of this effect are usually formulated in terms of the cognitive theories of memory. This article presents three experiments that demonstrate that the misinformation effect can occur even if the memory of the original and postevent materials is correct. In the experiments, after watching a video clip, reading a narrative about it, and answering questions about the video, the participants were debriefed and required to indicate questions in which they noticed differences between the video and the narrative, as well as provide answers about the original and postevent materials. A substantial number of the participants yielded to the misinformation effect in the memory test even though they had correct memory about the original (and postevent) materials. The discussion emphasizes the need of the social influence framework to explain these results. Key message: the misinformation effect is important for applied forensic eyewitness psychology. To get a better understanding of this effect, there is a need to study it not only in terms of the cognitive psychology of memory, but also from the perspective of social psychology, because in many cases witnesses give wrong answers even when remembering the correct information.
Enhancing healthcare with AI: Sustainable AI and IoT-Powered ecosystem for patient aid and interpretability analysis using SHAP

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The healthcare industry has blossomed into one of the most pivotal and technologically advanced sectors in the past decade. Individuals grapple with the peril of untimely demise from diverse ailments as patients suffer from delayed treatment. The paramount objective is to forge a dependable patient care system utilizing the Internet of Things (IoT), enabling physicians to monitor patients' well-being within medical facilities or even the confines of their homes. The system aids in tracking the patient's SpO2 level, body temperature, pulse rate (beats per minute), room temperature, and humidity, then trains the data with machine learning algorithms for the patient and finally monitors it through the Blynk IoT system. The cloud-stored data can be harnessed to ascertain and supervise one's health and predict forthcoming perils. This study unveils an efficacious decision-making model custom-tailored for Internet of Things (IoT) ventures, and the proposed trained algorithm satiates these requirements, offering efficiency and precision, rendering it appropriate for numerous IoT applications. Finally, the Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) is used here for finding out the most influential parameters, and Explainable AI (XAI) is utilized with the help of SHAP values for enhanced information on affecting parameters. The SVC model's hyperparameter is properly adjusted, yielding a testing accuracy of 98.83 % and a training accuracy of 98.71 %. On cross-validation, the lightweight Sklearn model achieved a mean accuracy of almost 99 %. And with a SHAP weightage magnitude of 1.38, 0.91, and 0.44 for Class ‘Good’, Class ‘Poor’, and Class ‘Bad’, respectively, patients SpO2 level is the most significant feature.
Weakly Supervised Estimation of Shadow Confidence Maps in Fetal Ultrasound Imaging

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Detecting acoustic shadows in ultrasound images is important in many clinical and engineering applications. Real-time feedback of acoustic shadows can guide sonographers to a standardized diagnostic viewing plane with minimal artifacts and can provide additional information for other automatic image analysis algorithms. However, automatically detecting shadow regions using learning-based algorithms is challenging because pixel-wise ground truth annotation of acoustic shadows is subjective and time consuming. In this paper we propose a weakly supervised method for automatic confidence estimation of acoustic shadow regions. Our method is able to generate a dense shadow-focused confidence map. In our method, a shadow-seg module is built to learn general shadow features for shadow segmentation, based on global image-level annotations as well as a small number of coarse pixel-wise shadow annotations. A transfer function is introduced to extend the obtained binary shadow segmentation to a reference confidence map. Additionally, a confidence estimation network is proposed to learn the mapping between input images and the reference confidence maps. This network is able to predict shadow confidence maps directly from input images during inference. We use evaluation metrics such as DICE, inter-class correlation and etc. to verify the effectiveness of our method. Our method is more consistent than human annotation, and outperforms the state-of-the-art quantitatively in shadow segmentation and qualitatively in confidence estimation of shadow regions. We further demonstrate the applicability of our method by integrating shadow confidence maps into tasks such as ultrasound image classification, multi-view image fusion and automated biometric measurements.
Accurate and Fast Pixel Retrieval with Spatial and Uncertainty Aware Hypergraph Diffusion

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a novel method designed to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of both image retrieval and pixel retrieval. Traditional diffusion methods struggle to propagate spatial information effectively in conventional graphs due to their reliance on scalar edge weights. To overcome this limitation, we introduce a hypergraph-based framework, uniquely capable of efficiently propagating spatial information using local features during query time, thereby accurately retrieving and localizing objects within a database. Additionally, we innovatively utilize the structural information of the image graph through a technique we term "community selection". This approach allows for the assessment of the initial search result's uncertainty and facilitates an optimal balance between accuracy and speed. This is particularly crucial in real-world applications where such trade-offs are often necessary. Our experimental results, conducted on the (P)ROxford and (P)RParis datasets, demonstrate the significant superiority of our method over existing diffusion techniques. We achieve state-of-the-art (SOTA) accuracy in both image-level and pixel-level retrieval, while also maintaining impressive processing speed. This dual achievement underscores the effectiveness of our hypergraph-based framework and community selection technique, marking a notable advancement in the field of content-based image retrieval.