jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Influence of Acoustic Noise on the Dynamic Performance of MEMS Gyroscopes

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Advances in MEMS technology have resulted in relatively low cost gyroscopes and accelerometers and, correspondingly, inexpensive inertial measurement systems. This has opened up the field of applications for inertial measurement units (IMUs) and they are currently being proposed for use in a wide variety of possible applications, with environmental conditions ranging from mild to harsh. Of particular interest in this study are MEMS gyroscopes, which are based upon vibratory, rather than rotational, designs and are especially susceptible to the effects of acoustic noise, as compared to conventional gyroscopes. This is particularly true for certain applications. For example, in some aerospace environments, noise levels can be greater than 120 dB and extend over a frequency range greater than 20 kHz. Output signals can be overwhelmed by such effects, becoming extremely contaminated and noisy and, can even be completely saturated. So, it is important to develop an understanding of the influence of high levels of noise on MEMS gyroscope performance and to develop methodologies to mitigate such effects. In the present investigation, a series of experimental studies were conducted for a variety of MEMS gyroscope designs. Each unit was exposed to a range of acoustic noise amplitudes and frequencies. The output signals were recorded and analyzed. The results are presented and discussed in detail. Strategies for mitigating such effects were identified and tested. Those results are also discussed in detailed.
Peer Review #2 of "The spleen bacteriome of wild rodents and shrews from Marigat, Baringo County, Kenya (v0.1)"

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Background: There is a global increase in reports of emerging diseases, some of which have emerged as spillover events from wild animals.The spleen is a major phagocytic organ and can therefore be probed for systemic microbiome.This study assessed bacterial diversity in the spleen of wild caught small mammals so as to evaluate their utility as surveillance tools for monitoring bacteria in an ecosystem shared with humans.Methods: 54 small mammals (Rodents and Shrews) were trapped from different sites in Marigat, Baringo County, Kenya.To characterize their bacteriome, DNA was extracted from their spleens and the V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA amplified and then sequenced on Illumina MiSeq.A non-target control sample was used to track laboratory contaminants.Sequence data was analyzed with Mothur v1.35, and taxomy determined using the SILVA database.Shannon diversity index was used to estimate bacterial diversity in each animal and then aggregated to genus level before computing the means.Animal species within the rodents and shrews were identified by amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene followed by Sanger sequencing.CLC workbench was used to assemble the cytb gene sequences, after which their phylogenetic placements were determined by querying them against the GenBank nucleotide database.Results: cytb gene sequences were generated for 49/54 mammalian samples: 38 rodents ( Rodentia) and 11 shrews (Eulipotyphyla).Within the order Rodentia, 21 Acomys, 8 Mastomys, 6 Arvicanthis and 3 Rattus were identified.In the order Eulipotyphyla, 11 Crucidura were identified.Bacteria characterization revealed 17 phyla that grouped into 182 genera.Of the phyla, Proteobacteria was the most abundant (67.9%).Other phyla included Actinobacteria (16.5%),Firmicutes (5.5%), Chlamydiae (3.8%), Chloroflexi (2.6%) and Bacteroidetes (1.3%) among others.Of the potentially pathogenic bacteria, Bartonella was the most abundant (45.6%), followed by Anaplasma (8.0%), Methylobacterium (3.5%), Delftia (3.8%), Coxiella (2.6%), Bradyrhizobium (1.6%) and Acinetobacter (1.1%).Other less abundant (<1%) and potentially pathogenic included Ehrlichia, Rickettsia, Leptospira, Borrelia, Brucella, Chlamydia and Streptococcus.By Shannon diversity index, Acomys spleens carried more diverse bacteria (mean Shannon diversity index of 2.86, p=0.008) compared to 1.77 for Crocidura, 1.44 for Rattus, 1.40 for Arvicathis and 0.60 for Mastomys. Conclusion:This study examined systemic bacteria that are filtered by the spleen and the findings underscore the utility of 16S rRNA deep sequencing in characterizing complex microbiota that are
Effects of mirror therapy on motor aphasia after acute cerebral infarction: A randomized controlled trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Mirror therapy (MT) has proven to be beneficial for treating patients suffering from motor aphasia after stroke. However, the impacts of MT on neuroplasticity remain unexplored. OBJECTIVE: In this paper we conducted a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the treatment using the MT on motor aphasia following acute cerebral infarction. METHODS: We randomly assigned 30 patients into test and control groups, with test group patients treated with MT, whereas control group patients were treated with sham MT. At 24 hours prior to and after the intervention, we obtained functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from study subjects. At baseline, after treatment and 12-week follow-up, we additionally evaluated patients with the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS), the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and the aphasia quotient (AQ) in the western aphasia test. RESULTS: After 2 weeks of treatment, the test group demonstrated significant improvements in AQ values, naming, repetition, spontaneous speech, and mRS scores compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, in the follow-up time point (12 weeks), we found that the test group exhibited significantly better NIHSS scores and AQ evaluation indicators than the control group (P < 0.05). Specifically, the fMRI study shows that functional connectivity significantly improved in test group patients mainly among frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes of the left hemisphere with each other than controls group. Meanwhile, we found significantly enhanced functional connectivity with the hippocampus (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the MT can expedite the recovery of language function during the early phases of stroke recovery. These findings may elucidate the underlying mechanism of MT and the application of this therapy as an adjunct rehabilitation technique in language recovery.
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: An Analysis of Clinical Profiles and Outcomes from a Tertiary Care Center in Northern India

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate the clinical profile, and risk factors of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) and its association with maternal and fetal outcomes from a tertiary care center in Northern India. Methods: An observational cohort study was conducted on 19 pregnant females showing features of heart failure in the last month of pregnancy or 5 months postpartum. We analyzed the clinical profiles and outcomes in these women with PPCM. Results: The mean age of presentation was 27.9 years with a mean gestational age of 34.9 weeks. 68.4% were primigravida. The most commonly associated comorbidities were anemia and preeclampsia/eclampsia. Breathlessness was present in all women with maximum presenting with class IV breathlessness. The mean baseline ejection fraction (EF) was 34%. A significant change ( P < 0.05) was observed in various echo parameters (left ventricular [LV] end diastolic volume; LV end systolic volume; LV strain; EF; right ventricular systolic excursion velocity; left atrial diameter) from baseline to 3 months. Maternal and fetal deaths occurred in 5.2% and 31.5% of subjects, respectively. Cardiogenic shock and significantly reduced EF were associated with adverse fetal and maternal outcomes. Conclusion: The majority of the study participants were young primigravidas with preeclampsia and anemia being strongly associated risk factors. PPCM with poor LVEF and shock is associated with adverse fetal and maternal outcomes. Larger studies with a higher number of patients are needed to study PPCM in detail in the Indian subset.
A Fault Tolerant Multi-processor Computer Optimized for the Power Distribution Environment

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The South East Queensland Electricity Board is developing a microprocessor-based controller for deployment to its electricity distribution substations. This 'integrated local and remote controller' will provide remote-end processing power in an overall 'distributed intelligence', supervisory/control scheme, having responsibility for remote control/supervision, local autonomous control, and local manual control. The emphasis in hardware and software design is on economic viability given stringent security and reliability constraints. To this end, high density, self-diagnosing hardware, structured, self-documenting software and a fault tolerant architecture are prime goals. This paper presents overall philosophy, and some details of implementation.
Meta-research on the learner perspective on micro-credential formats and learning services for continuing education and professional development. (Research Report No. 2.1)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The deliverable presents a systematic literature review investigating the learner's perspective towards micro-credentials format, taking into consideration the research carried out in the last five years. After applying the PRISMA methodology, a total of 48 papers were included. Check out the document to find our results.
The Effect of Lactobacillus on Growth Suppression of Streptococcus Mutans and Streptococcus Sobrinus and Pro-biotic Effect of Yogurt

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

We conducted growth inhibition tests on oral microorganisms using three strains of Lactobacillus spp. which are wide- ly known as their probiotic properties. In these experiments, we measured the number of oral microorganisms after di- rectly contacting lactobacillus with them. In addition, we conducted a similar study using yogurts which are well known as a probiotic food.n these yogurts, we identified the type of lactobacilliy 16s rRN A nucleotide analysis. In our study, the growth of most of oral microorganisms were inhibited by lactobacilli, and we also found that yogurts had the highest effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of most of oral microorganisms. The lactobacilli contained in the yogurts were identified as Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus casei, and Lactobacillus helveticus.
Extraction of surfactants from aqueous media by supercritical fluid extraction

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Two methods for the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of analytes from aqueous media were evaluated: direct extraction and solid-phase extraction (SPE) discs. SPE discs were used to isolate an alcohol phenol ethoxylate (APE) non-ionic surfactant from an aqueous matrix prior to extraction using supercritical CO2. This method was compared with the direct SFE of surfactant from the aqueous matrix. The second method allowed the continuous extraction of analyte from water using a modified extraction cell. The extraction cell was designed to maximize the exposure of the analyte to supercritical CO2 interactions and thereby allow the continuous extraction of the analyte from an aqueous sample. The results suggest that there is a difference in the effects of diffusion and equilibrium on the extraction process for the two methods of extraction studied.
In-class peer grading of daily quizzes increases feedback opportunities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Educators are familiar with evidence of the benefit that frequent and immediate feedback provides to our students, regardless of class size. We also often find ourselves in a situation where we do not have enough time planned or TA support available to give enough feedback to enable learners to monitor their progress. Here we describe an approach in which students take a low-stakes quiz about the assigned material at the beginning of each class period. The quiz is then peer graded as part of the class and thus provides another chance for all students to think about the problems in context. Although we have applied this format in our smaller class setting, it is feasible and scalable for larger courses that want to provide additional or alternative options for formative assessment and opportunities to ask clarifying questions. As a strategy, it may be particularly fruitful for students challenged by gaps in learning skills or in classes in which faculty-written formative assessment feedback options are limited.
Geo‐clusters and socio‐demographic profiles at village‐level associated with COVID‐19 incidence in the metropolitan city of Jakarta: An ecological study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The Special Capital Region of Jakarta is the epicentre of the transmission of COVID‐19 in Indonesia. However, much remains unknown about the spatial and temporal patterns of COVID‐19 incidence and related socio‐demographic factors explaining the variations of COVID‐19 incidence at local level. COVID‐19 cases at the village level of Jakarta from March 2020 to June 2021 were analyzed from the local public COVID‐19 dashboard. Global and local spatial clustering of COVID‐19 incidence was examined using the Moran's I and local Moran analysis. Socio‐demographic profiles of identified hotspots were elaborated. The association between village characteristics and COVID‐19 incidence was evaluated. The COVID‐19 incidence was significantly clustered based on the geographical village level (Moran's I = 0.174; p = .002). Seventeen COVID‐19 high‐risk clusters were found and dynamically shifted over the study period. The proportion of people aged 20–49 (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.016; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.012–1.019), proportion of elderly (≥50 years) (IRR = 1.045; 95% CI = 1.041–1.050), number of households (IRR = 1.196; 95% CI = 1.193–1.200), access to metered water for washing, and the main occupation of the residents were village level socio‐demographic factors associated with the risk of COVID‐19. Targeted public health responses such as restriction, improved testing and contact tracing, and improved access to health services for those vulnerable populations are essential in areas with high‐risk COVID‐19.
XXXIV: Benjamin Beresford, Literary Ambassador

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Protégé of the Duke of Bedford, tutor of the Queen of Prussia, minister of the Gospel in Moscow, and professor of English in Berlin—such are the more striking phases of the varied career ascribed to the Reverend Benjamin Beresford by his commentators, for whom the full measure of the man has remained obscured. Even recent recognition of his sterling service as pioneer literary intermediary between Germany and England has been vitiated by insufficient knowledge not only of the man himself but also of the publications by which he initiated and sustained for a quarter of a century English acquaintance with German lyric poetry. His translations of popular German songs accompanied by their original melodies have long since become rarities. Even during his lifetime the compiler of a musical lexicon expressed regret that he did not have Beresford's first collection at hand so that he might inform a future generation precisely which of various current compositions had been selected for the songs. As a matter of fact, this particular publication seems to have reached posterity in a unique copy. Succeeding publications suffered similar fortunes, many of them surviving in extremely scarce if not actually single copies.
Residents in Borno State and their meat preference among ruminant species.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was carried out to investigate the level of acceptability and preference for ruminant meat by residents of Maiduguri Metropolitan. The study was carried out from March to August, 2006. Two hundred (200) questionnaires were randomly distributed to the target population out of which 164 were completed and retrieved for analysis. The result of the study showed that gender had no effect on ruminant meat consumption and majority of the respondents preferred beef meat as their first choice as compared to other ruminant's meat. Based on the occupation of the respondents, majority preferred beef as their first choice followed by goat meat (chevon). In terms of age, respondents above the age of 60 years displayed a low level of acceptability for the consumption of goat meat while those below the age of 20 preferred goat meat as compared to beef and mutton. Most of the residents of Maiduguri metropolis eat beef and goat meat when compared to other types of ruminant meat. It was observed that beef is the most acceptable meat type anywhere while the consumption of goat meat varies.
Measuring subjective housing affordability using a data-driven discrete information approach: A case study of Selangor, Malaysia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A widely adopted measure of housing affordability is that households should spend no more than 30% of their household income on housing. However, this normative threshold is an arbitrary Great Depression-era guideline and may not be relevant today. This paper proposes a subjective indicator of housing affordability by introducing a method commonly used in the medical sciences. It utilizes discrete information to estimate a subjective affordability ratio that discriminates between subjective house-poor and non-house-poor households. We apply the proposed method to household-level data collected in Selangor, Malaysia, and show that the optimal cut-off point is 23.5%. This estimated value suggests a higher prevalence of house-poor households than is implied by the regularly assumed 30% threshold. In addition, we perform a sensitivity analysis and find the bias in the estimated cut-off point is close to zero.
Efficient Network Selection Using Multi-Depot Routing Problem for Smart Cities

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Smart cities make use of a variety of smart technology to improve societies in better ways. Such intelligent technologies, on the other hand, pose significant concerns in terms of power usage and emission of carbons. The suggested study is focused on technological networks for big data-driven systems. With the support of software-defined technologies, a transportation-aided multicast routing system is suggested. By using public transportation as another communication platform in a smart city, network communication is enhanced. The primary objective is to use as little energy as possible while delivering as much data as possible. The Attribute Decision Making with Capacitated Vehicle (CV) Routing Problem (RP) and Half Open Multi-Depot Heterogeneous Vehicle Routing Problem is used in the proposed research. For the optimum network selection, a Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM) method is utilized. For the sake of reducing energy usage, the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) is employed. To reduce the transportation cost and risk, Half Open Multi-Depot Heterogeneous Vehicle Routing Problem is used. Moreover, a mixed-integer programming approach is used to deal with the problem. To produce Pareto optimal solutions, an intelligent algorithm based on the epsilon constraint approach and genetic algorithm is created. A scenario of Auckland Transport is being used to validate the concept of offloading the information onto the buses for energy-efficient and delay-tolerant data transfer. Therefore the experiments have demonstrated that the buses may be used effectively to carry out the data by customer requests while using 30% of less energy than the other systems.
Exploring the acute effects of running on cerebral blood flow and food cue reactivity in healthy young men using functional magnetic resonance imaging

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Acute exercise suppresses appetite and alters food‐cue reactivity, but the extent exercise‐induced changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) influences the blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent (BOLD) signal during appetite‐related paradigms is not known. This study examined the impact of acute running on visual food‐cue reactivity and explored whether such responses are influenced by CBF variability. In a randomised crossover design, 23 men (mean ± SD: 24 ± 4 years, 22.9 ± 2.1 kg/m 2 ) completed fMRI scans before and after 60 min of running (68% ± 3% peak oxygen uptake) or rest (control). Five‐minute pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labelling fMRI scans were conducted for CBF assessment before and at four consecutive repeat acquisitions after exercise/rest. BOLD‐fMRI was acquired during a food‐cue reactivity task before and 28 min after exercise/rest. Food‐cue reactivity analysis was performed with and without CBF adjustment. Subjective appetite ratings were assessed before, during and after exercise/rest. Exercise CBF was higher in grey matter, the posterior insula and in the region of the amygdala/hippocampus, and lower in the medial orbitofrontal cortex and dorsal striatum than control (main effect trial p ≤ .018). No time‐by‐trial interactions for CBF were identified ( p ≥ .087). Exercise induced moderate‐to‐large reductions in subjective appetite ratings (Cohen's d = 0.53–0.84; p ≤ .024) and increased food‐cue reactivity in the paracingulate gyrus, hippocampus, precuneous cortex, frontal pole and posterior cingulate gyrus. Accounting for CBF variability did not markedly alter detection of exercise‐induced BOLD signal changes. Acute running evoked overall changes in CBF that were not time dependent and increased food‐cue reactivity in regions implicated in attention, anticipation of reward, and episodic memory independent of CBF.
Development of Hodgkin Lymphoma in a Patient with Common Variable Immunodeficiency

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immunodeficiency, which is characterized by insufficiency in the synthesis of immunoglobulins due to the disruption of B cell differentiation.The term "variable" in its name describes the heterogeneous clinical picture (infections, chronic lung disease, autoimmune diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, and malignancy) in this disease.Although the risk of developing malignancy in children with primary immunodeficiency is reported to be 4%, this rate is 10.000 times higher than healthy subjects of similar age.Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounts for 60% of malignancy in primary immunodeficiency patients (1).In the cohorts, the incidence of cancer in CVID patients was 15-21%.The most common malignancy was reported to be NHL, followed by gastric, breast, bladder, and cervix tumors (2-4).Our case shows that Hodgkin lymphoma may rarely develop in CVID and is presented to raise awareness.
New insights into microtubule elongation mechanisms

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Microtubules are cytoskeletal structures in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, and their highly dynamic properties are essential to perform a wide variety of vital functions in cells. Microtubule growth proceeds through the endwise addition of nucleotide-bound tubulin molecules. It has largely been assumed that only tubulin dimers can incorporate into microtubules, and that the chemical state of the nucleotide is crucial for the incorporation. Recent observations reveal that both tubulin dimers and oligomers can add to microtubule ends and that the chemical state of the nucleotide is not decisive for tubulin addition. Together with structural studies of tubulin, these results show tubulin assembly polymorphism, which could play a crucial role in microtubule-dependent cellular functions.