jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Prognosis and treatment of HIV-associated malignant skin tumors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

В последние десятилетия во всем мире отмечается неуклонный рост заболеваемости злокачественными опухолями кожи. Количество ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов также ежегодно увеличивается. В связи с данными исследований о более агрессивном течении, повышенной встречаемости некоторых онкологических заболеваний кожи у ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов, а также о влияния иммуносупрессивных состояний на клиническое течение новообразований кожи изучение данной проблемы является весьма актуальным и перспективным направлением в онкологии и дерматовенерологии.

ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ

Описание частоты встречаемости, особенностей клинического течения в лечении злокачественных опухолей кожи у ВИЧ-ассоциированных пациентов. Сбор и анализ литературы проведены на крупном иностранном агрегаторе статей www.pubmed.com, русскоязычный вариант исследований проведен на сайте www.eLibrary.ru. Основные результаты исследования показали, что различные иммуносупрессивные состояния могут служить факторами риска развития злокачественных опухолей кожи у взрослых; среди ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов риск развития рака кожи повышен в 3—5 раз, наиболее распространены лимфомы, меланома, саркома Капоши, плоскоклеточный и базальноклеточный раки; плоскоклеточный рак кожи при ВИЧ-инфекции манифестирует в более молодом возрасте и ассоциируются с высоким риском местного рецидива, метастазирования и смертности; базально-клеточный рак характеризуется более агрессивным течением, включая отдаленное метастазирование в отличие от пациентов с не скомпрометированным иммунитетом; меланома кожи характеризуется более неблагоприятным прогнозом и низкими показателями общей выживаемости. Сделаны выводы о том, что основой лечения злокачественных опухолей кожи, ассоциированных с ВИЧ-инфекцией, является восстановление иммунной функции с помощью антиретровирусной терапии, подавление вируса и предотвращение дополнительной иммуносупрессии. Комплексное воздействие с применением противовирусных и иммуномодулирующих препаратов на фоне противоопухолевого лечения должно быть важной частью в снижении агрессивности течения онкологических заболеваний у ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов при наличии у них иммуносупрессии.
8-Prenylnaringenin promotes recovery from immobilization-induced disuse muscle atrophy through activation of the Akt phosphorylation pathway in mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

8-Prenylnaringenin (8-PN) is a prenylflavonoid that originates from hop extracts and is thought to help prevent disuse muscle atrophy. We hypothesized that 8-PN affects muscle plasticity by promoting muscle recovery under disuse muscle atrophy. To test the promoting effect of 8-PN on muscle recovery, we administered an 8-PN mixed diet to mice that had been immobilized with a cast to one leg for 14 days. Intake of the 8-PN mixed diet accelerated recovery from muscle atrophy, and prevented reductions in Akt phosphorylation. Studies on cell cultures of mouse myotubes in vitro demonstrated that 8-PN activated the PI3K/Akt/P70S6K1 pathway at physiological concentrations. A cell-culture study using an inhibitor of estrogen receptors and an in vivo experiment with ovariectomized mice suggested that the estrogenic activity of 8-PN contributed to recovery from disuse muscle atrophy through activation of an Akt phosphorylation pathway. These data strongly suggest that 8-PN is a naturally occurring compound that could be used as a nutritional supplement to aid recovery from disuse muscle atrophy.
EFFECTS OF AMILORIDE ON CONTRACTIONS AND THE RELEASE OF TRITIUM FROM RAT VAS DEFERENS PRELOADED WITH [3H]‐NORADRENALINE

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The effect of amiloride was studied on contractions and tritium release from rat vas deferens preloaded with [ 3 H]‐noradrenaline Amiloride had no effect on the resting tension and maximal contractile force of the vas deferens and did not alter the ED 50 of noradrenaline Amiloride (10 −4 ‐10 −3 m) decreased the response of vas deferens to electrical stimulation dose‐dependently without inhibiting the response to KC1 (60 mm) The effect of amiloride was not prevented by preincubation of the tissue with phentolamine, propranolol, atropine or indomethacin Amiloride did not alter the spontaneous outflow of radioactivity from [ 3 H]‐noradrenaline labelled vasa deferentia Amiloride decreased the release of tritium induced by electrical stimulation or nicotine but did not inhibit the release of radioactivity induced by KC1 or tyramine. 7 It is concluded that amiloride may inhibit the contractions of rat vas deferens by inhibiting the release of noradrenaline.
Approximation theory methods for solving elliptic eigenvalue problems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Eigenvalue problems with elliptic operators L on a domain G⊂R2 are considered. We discuss approximation properties of some special classes of solutions of Lu=0 on G. These solutions are used as trial functions in a method for solving the eigenvalue problem which is based on a-posteriori error bounds. Singular trial functions are applied to smooth the problem at corner points of G. In special situations, this method can produce approximations of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions with extremely high accuracy by only using a low number of trial functions. Some illustrative numerical examples for the eigenvalue problem with the Laplacian are presented. We discuss two problems from plasma physics ('relaxed plasma', 'MHD-equation') to which the approach can be applied.
Strengthening the web: the value and investigation of community conceptions in refugee resettlement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

"Resettlement can no longer be seen as the least-preferred durable solution; in many cases, it is the only solution for refugees." -Sadako Ogata, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, 2000 The global refugee crisis has reached an unprecedented level. Close to 79.5 million people worldwide have been forcibly displaced, 26 million of which are refugees. UNHCR and other refugee organizations are calling for international support in responding to this crisis. When considering what Canada’s response is, many dissenting opinions wage the capacity and quality of settlement with the need for durable solutions for those who are vulnerable, displaced and without security. As with an increase in monitoring and evaluation within the settlement sector, I ask the question, how can community conceptions of quality settlement, integration, and a sense of belonging inform the monitoring and evaluation of refugee resettlement? This research focuses on themes of integration, quality settlement and belonging, from multiple vantage points, to build a bridge to address the gap that exists between policy and practice within the settlement sector. I identify the important role that those with lived experience, Sponsorship Agreement Holders, service providers, sponsorship groups and the government, all play in determining and facilitating what a successful settlement entail. Contextualized by the current refugee crisis, and rooted in theories of positive peace from the field of Peace and Conflict Studies (PACS), I draw on perspectives from Conflict Theory and Jean-Paul Lederach’s Expanded Framework for Peacebuilding, in order to understand community conceptions of integration, quality settlement and monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. By utilizing the relational approach to semi-structured interviews, I garnered a rich understanding of these concepts, the gaps in the private sponsorship program, and how these collaboration can contribute to a monitoring and evaluation mechanism that is context-specific, flexible and client-focused. I argue that the settlement sector, including those actors at all levels of influence, should be included in policy discussions and the web of relationships strengthened between them, in a way to contribute to the sustainable development and continuation of the private sponsorship program in Manitoba and Canada.
Epidfmic And Murine Typhus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Typhus group rickettsiae produce three distinct clinical illnesses: epidemic typhus, a louse-borne disease caused by Rickettsia prowazekii} scrub typhus, a chigger- borne disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi} and murine typhus, a flea-borne disease caused by Rickettsia typhi. All three pathogens typically cause an acute illness with skin rash, headache, myalgias, fever, and chills. Epidemic typhus may relapse after apparent recovery, even 30 years or more after primary infection, resulting in an illness known as Brill-Zinsser disease.
Dedication of Fermilab's LHC Remote Operations Center

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Fermilab's Remote Operations Center will be dedicated simultaneously at Fermilab in the U.S. and from CMS (Point 5) in Cessy, France. Speakers will include: from the U.S. DOE Undersecretary for Science Raymond Orbach and Fermilab Director Pier Oddone (U.S.); and from CERN Director General Robert Aymar, CMS Spokesperson Jim Virdee, LHC Project Leader Lyn Evans and US CMS Project Manager Joel Butler.
Exploring the exportin-1 inhibitors for COVID-19 and anticancer treatment

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Nuclear export protein 1, also known as XPO1, plays a crucial role in cellular homeostasis and assists in the nucleocytoplasmic transfer of ribonucleic acids (RNAs) and proteins. In addition, this nuclear export receptor is essential for the export of a variety of cargo molecules, such as proteins implicated in the immune response, tumor suppression, and cell cycle regulation. XPO1 has emerged as a promising target to disrupt the life cycles of multiple viruses and treat cancers. In our current work, we used a computational approach consisting of pharmacophore-assisted virtual screening complemented by molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and solvation-based free-energy studies to identify new inhibitors of the XPO1 protein. The identified compounds displayed highly stable RMSD plots, hydrogen bonding interactions, and relatively good binding affinities in both docking and free energy studies. These molecules were validated in vitro against SARS-CoV-2 and cancer cell lines. The study identified novel inhibitors of the XPO1 protein with both antiviral and anticancer activities.
Peritoneal dialysis in renal failure associated with spinal cord injury.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Nine patients with chronic renal failure associated with long-standing spinal cord injury were treated with peritoneal dialysis for periods ranging from 3 days to 12 months. Indwelling peritoneal catheters and automated peritoneal dialysis machines were used in the majority of cases. The procedure was generally used as an interim measure while awaiting placement or maturation of the blood access for hemodialysis. Several patients, however, underwent peritoneal dialysis for prolonged periods, including a patient who was on home-peritoneal dialysis for 12 months. The main complications resulting from 653 patient-day treatments consisted of six bouts of peritonitis and a single case of bowel perforation. Azotemia, fluid electrolytes and acid-base status were satisfactorily controlled with peritoneal dialysis. The results were comparable with those obtained during hemodialysis. Peritoneal dialysis, therefore, appears to be a reasonable alternative to hemodialysis in the management of chronic renal failure in spinal cord injured patients.
Studies of Maternal Retrieving in Rats I: Recognition of Young

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Many naturalistic reports indicate that lactating females of many mammalian species are capable of discriminating between their own offspring and other young of the same age. "Recognition behavior" of this sort has been reported to occur in the Alaskan fur seal (Bonnot, 1929; Preble, 1923), elephant seals (Hamilton, 1934), domestic sheep (Fraser, 1937; Scott, 1945), Dall sheep of Mt. McKinley (Murie, 1944), red deer of Scotland (Darling, 1937), American elk (Altmann, 1926), and mule deer (Linsdale and Tomich, 1953). The most extensive investigation of maternal behavior in the laboratory rat lead Wiesner and Sheard (1933) to conclude that similar discrimination does not occur in this species. In studies of maternal activity in the rat (Rattus norvegicus), the senior author became convinced that some female rats do react selectively to their own young. The present study was conducted to determine whether or not discrimination does occur, and to discover if possible the nature of the cues involved.
THE DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF GROUND HERBS IN LOWLAND MIXED DIPTEROCARP FOREST AND HEATH FOREST IN BRUNEI DARUSSALAM

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ZAINI, N. H. & SUKRI, R. S. 2014. The diversity and abundance of ground herbs in lowland mixed dipterocarp forest and heath forest in Brunei Darussalam. Reinwardtia 14(1): 73 – 78. ?Herbaceous plants are important components of total plant species richness in tropical forests. Ground herb diversity and abundance were studied in a lowland Mixed Dipterocarp forest (Andulau) and a heath forest (Bukit Sawat) in Brunei Darussalam, Borneo. At each site, all ground herbs in twenty randomly selected 10 x 10 m subplots within a one hectare permanent plot were censused and identified. The study recorded a total of 20 families and 32 genera of ground herbs, with the family Zingiberaceae as the most abundant at both sites. Thirteen genera were recorded only at Andulau and 7 genera were exclusive to Bukit Sawat, with twelve genera common to both sites. Ground herb species richness appear higher at Andulau than Bukit Sawat (37 vs. 29), but this difference was not statistically significant at the subplot level. However, ground herb abundance and density were significantly higher at Bukit Sawat than Andulau (n = 846 vs. 385; 4230 vs. 1925 individuals ha-1). The more open canopy at Bukit Sawat may provide higher light availability here than at Andulau, which is characterised by a closed canopy. We suggest that light availability is the most important environmental factor influencing ground herb density and abundance at these sites.
Transcriptomic Variability Across an Anemone (Exaiptasia diaphana) Polyp

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Coral reef ecosystems are increasingly threatened by climate change in a variety of ways. In light of the many ecosystem services provided by reefs, such as coastal protection and marine habitat formation, we must learn how to protect them. Scleractinian corals that serve as the backbone of this ecosystem are difficult to study in laboratory controlled research experiments. Exaiptasia diaphana was proposed as a new model organism for corals in 2008, and while it shows great promise for this purpose, there is still much to be learned about it to use it more effectively. One area in which knowledge in Exaiptasia is lacking is differential gene expression. Gene expression research is important for understanding model organisms, but it is difficult to draw valuable conclusions from these studies. This is because gene annotations are often either nonexistent or not applicable to understudied organisms. This project aims to explore body part- and symbiotic state-specific gene expression and identify candidate loci for further transcriptomic analysis in order to better understand the biological functions of under-characterized genes in Exaiptasia. To achieve this, differentially expressed gene functions in Exaiptasia were characterized across different body parts and symbiotic states using a meta-analysis of two datasets, and by providing experimental samples for future transcriptomic sequencing and inclusion in the meta-analysis. Weighted gene correlation network analysis yielded 10 groups of co-regulated genes (modules) associated with traits, of which 8 were significantly correlated to the traits of interest. Gene ontology analysis associated various biological processes with the modules that seemed to correlate well with their expression patterns across different traits. Future analysis will include a more comprehensive meta-analysis across various clonal anemone lines, as well as 16S rRNA sequencing to connect these gene expression data with microbiome information. These projects will help to characterize differentially expressed genes in Exaiptasia for future research.
A Rank-Based K-medoids Clustering Algorithm by a Specific P System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a rank-based K-medoids algorithm by a specific P system is proposed, which exhibits novel aspect of applying membrane computing in clustering.The traditional K-medoids clustering result suffers sensitivity to initial medoids selected randomly.To conquer the defect, we introduce the rank based on similarity between pairs of objects for the initialization.As a biological computing model, P system imitates the structure and function of living cells, and the reactions in it process in a maximal parallel and distributed manner.P system is adequate to solve clustering problem for its high parallelism and lower computational time complexity.A specific P system with a sequence of rule is constructed to realize the rank-based K-medoids algorithm.Through test verification, it can improve the clustering quality.
Personalized user authentication system using wireless EEG headset and machine learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the realm of authentication, biometric verification has gained widespread adoption, especially within high-security user authentication systems. Although convenient, existing biometric systems are susceptible to a number of security vulnerabilities, including spoofing tools such as gummy fingers for fingerprint systems and voice coders for voice recognition systems. In this regard, brainwave-based authentication has emerged as a novel form of biometric scheme that has the potential to overcome the security limitations of existing systems while facilitating additional capabilities, such as continuous user authentication. In this study, we focus on a data-driven approach to Electroencephalography (EEG)-based authentication, guided by the power of machine learning algorithms. Our methodology addresses the fundamental challenge of distinguishing real users from intruders by training classification algorithms to the unique EEG signatures of every individual. The system is characterized by its convenience, ensuring real-time applicability without compromising its efficiency. By employing a commercially available single-channel EEG sensor and extracting a set of 8 power spectral features (delta [0–4 Hz], theta [4–8 Hz], low alpha [8–10 Hz], high alpha [10–12 Hz], low beta [12–20 Hz], high beta [20–30 Hz], low gamma [30–60 Hz], high gamma [60–100 Hz]), a commendable mean accuracy of 85.4% was achieved.
Base‐Free Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydrodechlorination of Aryl Chlorides with Pinacol Borane

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Base‐free palladium‐catalyzed reactions of aryl chlorides with pinacol borane have been found to give the hydrodechlorinated products while similar reactions of aryl halides with pinacol borane in the presence of a base were reported to result in borylation. The base‐free conditions offer reasonable functional group compatibility. Experimental studies suggest that smooth and selective hydride transfer from pinacol borane to arylpalladium chloride under base‐free conditions is promoted by a strong interaction between the Lewis acidic boron and the chlorine on the palladium.
Consumers’ perspectives of the meaning of safety in acute mental health inpatient services

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background and Aim: Safety is a priority in the acute mental health inpatient setting (ACQSHC 2014). Safety is commonly represented in government policy as the reduction or elimination of risk (AIHW 2018). Defining safety as the reduction or elimination of risk means this is where funding and resources are likely to be directed. This has limitations however, as it can lead to environments and processes considered by mental health services to be safe, but are not aligned with what people with lived experience of mental illness deem to be safe (Cutler, Moxham & Stephens 2015). This PhD study explored the ways in which safety is conceptualised by people who have experienced admission to an acute mental health inpatient unit. Materials and Methods: The study used a phenomenographic research design to determine what safety means for people who have experienced admission to an acute mental health inpatient unit. Phenomenography is a qualitative research approach that allows the diverse meanings held by people about a phenomenon to be identified (Marton 1981). The meanings of the phenomenon, rather than the phenomenon itself, are the focus of this research approach. Fifteen participants were individually interviewed for the study, using semi-structured interviews.
Disclosure of genetic information within families: a case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There has been much discussion about what, if any, legal and moral duties professionals have to disclose relevant genetic information to the family members of someone with an identified disease predisposing mutation. Here, we present a case report where dissemination of such a genetic test result did not take place within a family. In contrast to previous literature, there appeared to be no deliberate withholding of information, instead distant relatives were unable to communicate relevant information appropriately. When communication was facilitated through the follow-up of a chance remark, the patient was able to avoid planned major surgery, with its attendant morbidity, and her high anxiety levels were much reduced. We believe this case highlights the need for an ongoing debate on how genetic services can best support patients and their families with disclosing relevant genetic information to other family members.
On Rolle's Theorem For Polynomials Over The Complex Numbers ∗

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let P (z) be a polynomial with complex coefficients of degree d having 2 dis-tinct roots. We prove that its derivative P (z) has a root “in between ” two given roots of P (z) in the following cases: (i) d ≤ 4, and (ii) P (z) has at most 3 distinct roots. Moreover, the result also holds for any d under some mild conditions. 1
The Purnawirawan and Party Development in Post-Authoritarian Indonesia, 1998–2014

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examines the role played by purnawirawan (retired military officers) in political party development in post-authoritarian Indonesia from 1998 to 2014. The role of purnawirawan remains a critical research gap in the literature on democratisation in post-authoritarian Indonesia, particularly in studies which focus on civilian–military relations. The article finds that purnawirawan have had a significant impact on the creation of a new type of party – one which combines military-centred leadership and civilian-controlled management. This new arrangement has enabled these former military officers to protect their interests. This study contributes to the existing literature on the impact of military reform on the increasing numbers of purnawirawan turning to civilian politics in order to maintain influence via electoral political contestation in the context of democratic transition.