jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Process Algebra with Language Matching

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

An axiom system ACP ø lm is presented as a variant of the process algebra ACP (Algebra of Communicating Processes). The acronym ACP ø lm stands for ACP with abstraction, extended with operators and axioms for language matching . Language matching is a technique based on trace information for labelling and cutting off process terms that do not match some given trace (or set of traces). It is shown that in combination with the axioms for action alphabets interesting results are derivable, the most important of which is the Redundancy Theorem 3.3.6, which roughly states that if no trace labels occur in the expression @H (p l k q), where p l is a labelled version of some process p, then it holds that @H (p l k q) = @H (p k q). It is shown that under certain natural conditions a similar result holds when abstraction is applied to p l and p, respectively. As an example the Concurrent Alternating Bit Protocol (CABP) is verified. The CABP is a simple communication protocol, which can be re...
Effect of Cooked Soybeans on Performance, Fatty Acid Composition and Pork Carcass Characteristics

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Early experiments indicated that soybeans were not a suitable protein supplement for swine because of their softening effect on the pork (Robison, 1930; Bull et al., 1931; Vestal and Shrewsbury, 1935; Helser et al., 1939; Hostetler and Halverson, 1940). However, cooked soybeans have been shown to be an excellent source of protein for growing-finishing swine (Robison, 1930; Shrewsbury, Vestal and Hauge, 1932; Vestal and Shrewsbury, 1935; Jimenez et al., 1963). More recently renewed interest has developed in feeding cooked soybeans with the development of new cooking equipment. The infra-red cooking method has been evaluated as a means of processing unextracted soybeans for poultry by Featherston and Rogler (1966) who reported chicks fed infra-red heated soybeans grew as rapidly as those fed a corn-soybean meal diet. The objectives of the experiment reported herein were to evaluate the effect of infra-red cooked soybeans on performance and on quantitative, qualitative and chemical properties of porcine muscle from swine having considerably more lean and less fat than the type of swine used in earlier experiments.
On stability of solutions for a class of nonlinear difference systems with switching

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The stability of the trivial solution for a class of difference systems with switching and sector-type nonlinearities is studied. Different approaches to common Lyapunov function design for the family of subsystems corresponding to the considered switched system are proposed. Sufficient conditions making the trivial solution asymptotically stable for any switching law are determined. In the case when common Lyapunov function design fails, multiple Lyapunov functions are used to obtain the restrictions on the switching law guaranteeing the asymptotic stability of the trivial solution.
Construction of a Predictive Model for MLB Matches

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The main purpose of this article was to define a model that could defeat the online bookmakers’ odds, where the betting item considered was the first five innings of major league baseball (MLB) matches. The betting odds of online bookmakers have two purposes: first, they are used to quantify the amount of profit made by the bettors; second, they are regarded as a market equilibrium point between multiple bookmakers and bettors. If the bettors have a more accurate prediction model than the system used to produce betting odds, it will create a positive expected return for the bettors. In this article, we used the Markov process method and the runner advancement model to estimate the expected runs in an MLB match for the teams based on the batting lineup and the pitcher.
Proton pump inhibitor non-responsive gastroesophageal reflux disease: unraveling an enigma?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) affects 10–20% of adults in Western countries (1,2) and 13% of Americans use medications for GERD at least twice weekly (3). In the USA alone, it is estimated that the annual direct and indirect costs incurred due to GERD is approximately $10 billion (4).
Protective effects of pharmacological agents against aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity: A systematic review

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Introduction: Aminoglycosides have been long used for antibacterial treatment and are still commonly used in clinical practice. Despite their extensive application and positive effects, drug-related toxicity is considered as the main obstacle for aminoglycosides. Aminoglycosides induce nephrotoxicity through the endocytosis and accumulation of the antibiotics in the epithelial cells of proximal tubule. Most importantly, however, a number of pharmacological agents were demonstrated to have protective activities against nephrotoxicity in experimental animals.Areas covered: In the present systematic review, the authors provide and discuss the mechanisms and epidemiological features of aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity, and focus mainly on recent discoveries and key features of pharmacological interventions. In total, 39 articles were included in this review.Expert opinion: The majority of studies investigated gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in animal models. Antioxidants, chemicals, synthetic drugs, hormones, vitamins, and minerals showed potential values to prevent gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. Indicators used to evaluate the effectiveness of nephroprotection included antioxidative indexes, inflammatory responses, and apoptotic markers. Among the nephroprotective agents studied, herbs and natural antioxidant agents showed excellent potential to provide a protective strategy against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity.
Hierarchies in Mental Hospitals

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

BmMHRIT 945 some real fresh air in the luxuriant grounds -even to go shopping in the nearby town.Old-fashioned visitors, bearing their pre- mortuary flowers, will be nonplussed to find their loved ones playing gin-rummy in the day-room instead of lying safely tucked up, wan and hush-voiced, in beds of sickness.Within less than a fortnight most patients will decide they are whole again, and will discharge themselves as fit to get on with the business of living.There will be no need, moreover, for expensive convalescent and rehabilitation units, except for those comparatively rare cases left with some per- manent disability which has to be circum- vented.Illnesses, operations, physicians, and surgeons (it may be regretted) will have lost their mystique, their prestige, and their glamour.A stay in hospital will have come to be regarded as a slightly discreditable inci- dent, like a visit to the dentist, instead of- as now-a sacred ritual comparable to the lengthy Arapesh initiation ceremony.'Mind you, there is another school of thought which predicts that by A.D. 2014 a dental extraction will involve 14 days' bed- rest in a vitiated sleepless atmosphere, two weeks' convalescence, six weeks' sick benefit, and, of course, out-patient follow-up for six months.This may be true: indeed, such may be the present trend; but my bet is that in a further 50 years the pendulum will have swung the other way.My way.Any takers ?-I am, etc.,
Microstructural Changes and Mechanical Properties of Mullite-ZrO<sub>2</sub> and Mullite-ZrO<sub>2</sub>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Composites Prepared Using In-Situ Reaction between Synthetic Zircon

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Mullite-ZrO2 and mullite-ZrO2-Al2O3 composite ceramics were prepared by in-situ reaction between alumina and synthetic zircon powders. The mechanical properties of these composites were investigated as a function of Al2O3/SiO2 weight ratio in the matrix. Three-point bending strength at room temperature and fracture toughness increased with increasing content of Al2O3 over the entire range of the Al2O3/SiO2 ratio from 70/30 to 90/10. In particular, the mean bending strength was 650MPa in the vicinity of the composition ratio of 90/10. As judged by the crystalline phases and observation of the fine structure, a strengthening mechanism which acts significantly on the mechanical properties of the composite sintered bodies was indicated by the following: (1) grain size reduction of the mullite matrix by dispersion of the Al2O3 phase, (2) nano-structure in which Al2O3 and ZrO2 particles were finely dispersed in the mullite grains and (3) dispersion-effect of the Al2O3 and ZrO2 crystalline phase with a larger thermal expansion coefficient than that of the matrix.
ChemInform Abstract: Methyl 2‐Trifluoromethylaziridine‐2‐carboxylate: Stereodirected N‐Halogenation from the Sterically More Hindered Site.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Thoraco-abdominal mechanics in prolonged μgravity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In order to assess the effect on respiration of μgravity exposure, a set of experiments have been performed during the EUROMIR '95 mission. An optical motion analyser, the ELITE system, was used to acquire the 3D co-ordinates of several landmarks on the chest and on the abdominal wall of one subject; starting from these data, volume and shape variations of the trunk during lung volume changes were reconstructed, as well as the contribution to ventilation of different chest and abdominal regions. Flow rates during mild hyperventilation were also analysed. All the data acquired in μgravity conditions were compared with those obtained in normogravity before and after the mission, on the same subject and during similar breathing manoeuvres.
Conservation Conversations Webinar Summary - Conservation and Outdoor Recreation: Challenges and Solutions to Keeping our Parks and Public Lands From Being Loved To Death

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Americans love their public lands. They have turned to them to connect with their families, to maintain an active lifestyle, and to escape 24-hour news cycles that seem to bring nothing but bad news. The recreational use that our public lands receive is not a new trend however. Over the past 10-years, visitation to all types National Park Service units (e.g., parks, monuments, historic sites, etc.) has increased by 16%, with national parks alone seeing a 28% increase in visitation. Visitation to many national parks reaches record levels every year. At the same time, the ecosystems of our parks and public lands are changing notably. National parks as a whole are warming at twice the rate as the rest of the country. As a result, we are losing some of the outstanding resources our parks and public lands were established to protect in the first place. Many national forests are struggling to maintain trails and campgrounds under the weight of more intense and diverse use. Visitation to national forests is up 5% over the past ten years as well. More use of our forests has been associated with the increased occurrence of human-caused wildfire. The challenges of visitation are being seen in our state park systems as well. Visitation to state parks is up nearly 11% across the country since 2009. Simultaneously, operating budgets have declined by over 21%. Recent research has estimated that we will need $42 billion dollars in additional appropriations and revenues to state park systems to meet projected demand. These are complex resource management challenges that will require focused and coordinated policy efforts to address. The two panel discussions that were part of this webinar bring together representatives of the National Park Service, the USDA Forest Service, the National Association of State Park Directors, and leading academic institutions to identify policy and management solutions to keeping America’s parks and public lands from being loved to death.
[Arteriovenous shunts used in hemodialysis. A retrospective study of the results in 86 patients treated during a 5-year period].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

During a period of five years, 104 arterio-venous fistulas and 14 PTFE-grafts were used in the construction of vascular access for long term hemodialysis in 86 patients with end-stage renal disease. The overall cumulative patency rate is 71% at one year, 64% at two years and 47% at five years. Sex and age cannot be shown to influence the patency rates. The vascular access sites in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis have significantly higher patency rates than the vascular access sites in patients with chronic pyelonephritis. We are unable to show any difference in the patency rates of vascular access sites salvaged by revision compared with patency rate of the remaining access sites. The following conclusions are drawn: 1) In the majority of patients undergoing the first vascular access operations, an arterio-venous fistula is the procedure of choice. 2) Advanced age does not itself contraindicate the construction of an arterio-venous fistula. 3) Reoperation should be considered, if dialysis is no longer possible.
Stakeholders’ Perspectives on Community‐Based Participatory Research to Enhance Mental Health Services

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Historically, consumers of mental health services have not been given meaningful roles in research and change efforts related to the services they use. This is quickly changing as scholars and a growing number of funding bodies now call for greater consumer involvement in mental health services research and improvement. Amidst these calls, community‐based participatory research (CBPR) has emerged as an approach which holds unique promise for capitalizing on consumer involvement in mental health services research and change. Yet, there have been few discussions of the value added by this approach above and beyond that of traditional means of inquiry and enhancement in adult mental health services. The purpose of this paper is to add to this discussion an understanding of potential multilevel and multifaceted benefits associated with consumer‐involved CBPR. This is accomplished through presenting the first‐person accounts of four stakeholder groups who were part of a consumer‐involved CBPR project purposed to improve the services of a local community mental health center. We present these accounts with the hope that by illustrating the unique outcomes associated with CBPR, there will be invigorated interest in CBPR as a vehicle for consumer involvement in adult mental health services research and enhancement.
Genome Wide Pleiotropic Analysis to Identify Novel Variants and Improve Genetic Risk Score Construction

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (S/DBP) are highly correlated and modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We report here a bidirectional Mendelian Randomization (MR) and GWAS pleiotropy analysis of S/DBP summary statistics from large published BP GWAS and construct a composite genetic risk score (GRS), capturing respectively 21%, 11%, and 227% more of SBP, DBP and PP heritability than achieved with the traditional GRS. The composite GRS improves the prediction of hypertension and CVD in persons of European as well as African and Asian descent. We identified and confirmed 120 novel BP pleiotropic variants that are not in linkage disequilibrium with known variants, including 17 novel BP loci. We further observed significant age-modulated genetic effects on BP, hypertension and CVD in both Europeans and Asians. Our study provides further insight into BP regulation and provides a novel way to construct a GRS for correlated traits.
Non-dioxin-like PCB and PBDE deposition on Zea mays L. leaves: modelled contamination in milk from dairy animals fed on silage

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Maize (Zea mays L.) can intercept airborne pollutants before their deposition on soil. Selected non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (Σ6NDL-PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (Σ8PBDEs) with feed and food safety relevance were measured on maize leaves harvested for silage in dairy animals from 28 fields in Italy. Analyses were carried out by gas chromatography coupled to high- and low-resolution mass spectrometry. Contamination ranged from 0.65 to 5.3 ng g−1 with 12% moisture for Σ6NDL-PCBs, and from 2.7 to 6.2 for Σ8 PBDEs. Modelled contamination in cow’s milk was estimated to fall within the range 0.27–16 ng g−1 for PCBs, 0.17–1.9 for PBDE number 47, and 0.22–2.1 for PBDE number 99 on a lipid basis. The results indicate that maize silage alone may raise Σ6NDL-PCB contamination in dairy milk up to the 95th percentile in the European Union. Results are discussed in terms of air quality standards able to support food safety.
PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES OF E-LEARNING (A REVIEW DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the past few years, e-learning is emerging as a global platform in the continuation of studies. E-learning has revolutionized the entire education system by providing flexibility and easy access to lectures anytime and anywhere, especially during covid-19 pandemic after which face-to-face learning was no longer possible. Although people were aware about e-learning and its usage but it got more prominent after COVID-19 pandemic. So, e-learning became a necessity for continuing education. This present study attempts to analyze the difficulties, benefits, and drawbacks of both educators and students by implementing these technologies as well as alternative solutions. This study discusses numerous prospects made possible by the COVID-19 pandemic and emphasizes the requirement for developing suitable methods to handle such an unanticipated crisis in the future. The problems faced by learners were a poor internet connection, a lack of electricity, a lack of interest, and a lack of desire. This study also suggests the government take the lead in assisting students who have limited access to the internet and technology, which are essential for participation in online classes, while also encouraging students to participate more actively in e-learning, particularly in context of the serious pandemic. To this purpose, various suggestions have been offered that could help academic institutions overcome these challenges and preserve academic quality during turbulent times.
Black and white with some shades of grey: the diverse responses of inducible metabolic pathways inEscherichia coli

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Summary The metabolic pathways for many sugars are inducible. This process has been extensively studied in the case of E scherichia coli lactose metabolism. It has long been known that gratuitous induction of the lac operon with non‐metabolizable lactose analogues generates an all‐or‐nothing response, where some cells express the lac genes at a maximal rate and others not at all. However, the response to lactose itself is graded, where all cells express the lac genes in proportion to lactose concentrations. The mechanisms generating these distinct behaviours in lactose metabolism have been a topic of many studies. Despite this large body of work, little is known about how other pathways respond to their cognate sugars. An article of M olecular M icrobiology investigated the response of eight metabolic pathways in E . coli to their cognate sugars at single‐cell resolution. The authors demonstrate that these pathways exhibit diverse responses, ranging from graded to all‐or‐nothing responses and combinations thereof. Remarkably, they were able to interpret these responses using a simple mathematical model and identify the mechanisms likely giving rise to each.
<title>Fast algorithm for minutiae matching based on multiple-ridge information</title>

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Autonomous real-time fingerprint verification, how to judge whether two fingerprints come from the same finger or not, is an important and difficult problem in AFIS (Automated Fingerprint Identification system). In addition to the nonlinear deformation, two fingerprints from the same finger may also be dissimilar due to translation or rotation, all these factors do make the dissimilarities more great and lead to misjudgment, thus the correct verification rate highly depends on the deformation degree. In this paper, we present a new fast simple algorithm for fingerprint matching, derived from the Chang et al.'s method, to solve the problem of optimal matches between two fingerprints under nonlinear deformation. The proposed algorithm uses not only the feature points of fingerprints but also the multiple information of the ridge to reduce the computational complexity in fingerprint verification. Experiments with a number of fingerprint images have shown that this algorithm has higher efficiency than the existing of methods due to the reduced searching operations.
Spin-powered very high energy emission from the BL Lac 1ES 0806+524

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Aims. We investigate the role of the centrifugal acceleration of electrons in the Very High Energy (VHE) radiation from the BL Lac object 1ES 0806+524, recently detected by VERITAS. The efficiency of the inverse Compton scattering of the accretion disk thermal photons against centrifugally accelerated electrons is studied. Methods. By studying the dynamics of centrifugally induced outflows and by taking into account the frozen-in condition, we estimate the maximum attainable Lorentz factors of particles and we derive corresponding energetic characteristics of the emission produced via the Inverse Compton scattering. Results. Examining physically reasonable parameters of 1ES 0806+524, by considering the narrow interval of inclination angles (1 o − 2 o) of magnetic field lines with respect to the rotation axis, it is shown that the centrifugally accelerated electrons may lead to the observational pattern of the VHE emission.
Experiment on Measuring the Electric Field of Modern Mobile Phones

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The paper provides a review of modern research on the effect of the electromagnetic field of a cell phone on the human body. The hygienic regulatory documents of the levels of the electromagnetic field of different countries were studied. It is concluded that some quantities need to be revised. An experiment was conducted in which, using a Narda measuring device, the values of the electric field from a sample of cell phones were determined. Experimental data on the electric field strength level of cell phones were obtained for 3G and 4G communication standards. Summarized the best and worst indicators of the levels of the electromagnetic field according to regulatory documents.