jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Rare Case of Pulmonary Renal Syndrome Diagnosed as Microscopic Polyangiitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA) is a systemic pauci-immune vasculitis primarily affecting glomerular capillaries, leading to necrotizing glomerulonephritis and often involving the kidneys and lungs. MPA is a significant cause of Pulmonary-renal syndrome, with a male predominance and typically presenting in individuals aged 50-60 years. Clinical manifestations include rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis characterized by a rapid decline in glomerular filtration rate, microscopic hematuria, erythrocyte casts, proteinuria, and hypertension, along with lung involvement such as diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Although the pathogenesis remains unclear, environmental factors and genetic predisposition are believed to play roles. Diagnosis is confirmed histologically, and treatment involves remission induction and maintenance strategies using immunosuppressive therapies. A clinical case of a 45-year-old male with MPA presenting with shortness of breath, hemoptysis, and renal involvement highlights the disease's complexity and the importance of prompt, accurate diagnosis and treatment to improve patient outcomes.
Emergency Repair Scheduling Model for Road Network Integrating Rescheduling Feature

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

When a natural disaster occurs, road maintenance departments always face the challenge of how to assign repair resources properly to recover damaged road segments as soon as possible. From the literature review, most studies treat such problems as a vehicle routing problem (VRP). In those studies, repair resources are always dispatched as complete crews, and cannot be divided into smaller scales. Furthermore, each disaster point is only allowed one group of resources to recover it, without considering the possibility of accelerating the production rate subjected to specific objectives. Such limitation restricts required resources in an inflexible manner. Therefore, this study defines all repair works as an emergency repair project and adopts the framework of the Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problem (RCPSP), which can resolve such complicated resource assignment issue. A novel emergency repair scheduling model for the road network is proposed based on Constraint Programming (CP) as the searching algorithm to facilitate model formulation. According to the RCPSP concepts, disaster points are set as repair activities and resource travel routes between disaster points are set as transit activities. All the repair activities are linked by transit activities and the required resources are assigned accordingly. In order to consider the second-wave hazard events of where new disaster points may occur, and new resources may be added into emergency repair projects, a rescheduling feature is integrated into the proposed model. Through two case studies, research findings show that this model can be easily modulated to adapt to different situations satisfying practical disaster management goals and solving emergency repair scheduling problems for road networks efficiently.
Sensitivity analyses of unmeasured and partially‐measured confounders using multiple imputation in a vaccine safety study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose Sensitivity analyses have played an important role in pharmacoepidemiology studies using electronic health records data. Despite the existence of quantitative bias analysis in pharmacoepidemiologic studies, simultaneously adjusting for unmeasured and partially measured confounders is challenging in vaccine safety studies. Our objective was to develop a flexible approach for conducting sensitivity analyses of unmeasured and partially‐measured confounders concurrently for a vaccine safety study. Methods We derived conditional probabilities for an unmeasured confounder based on bias parameters, used these conditional probabilities and Monte Carlo simulations to impute the unmeasured confounder, and re‐constructed the analytic datasets as if the unmeasured confounder had been observed. We simultaneously imputed a partially measured confounder using a prediction model. We considered unmeasured breastfeeding and partially measured family history of Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) in a study examining the association between exposure to rotavirus vaccination and T1DM. Results Before sensitivity analyses, the hazard ratios (HR) were 1.50 (95% CI, 0.81–2.77) for those partially exposed and 1.03 (95% CI, 0.62–1.72) for those fully exposed with unexposed children as the referent group. When breastfeeding and family history of T1DM were adjusted, the HR was 1.55 (95% CI, 0.84–2.87) for the partially exposed group; the HR was 0.98 (95% CI, 0.58–1.63) for the fully exposed group. Conclusions We conclude that adjusting for unmeasured breastfeeding and partially measured family history of T1DM did not alter the conclusion that there was no evidence of association between rotavirus vaccination and developing T1DM. This novel approach allows for simultaneous adjustment for multiple unmeasured and partially‐measured confounders.
In memoriam - Claude Dubar (1945-2015)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Claude Dubar, une figure importante de la sociologie francaise, nous a quittes le 29 septembre 2015, a l’âge de 70 ans. Issu d’une famille ouvriere d’origine rurale du Nord de la France, il a commence des etudes en mathematiques pour se tourner ensuite vers la philosophie puis la sociologie. Nomme assistant en 1967 a l’Universite des Sciences et Techniques de Lille, il prend tres rapidement une part active dans la reorganisation de l’enseignement de la sociologie dans cette universite, convai...
The complete mitochondrial genome of the hybrid sturgeon of Huso dauricus (♀) × Acipenser schrenckii (♂)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the hybrid of Huso dauricus (♀) × Acipenser schrenckii (♂) is described in this study. The 16,693bp long circular molecule consisted of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and a control region, showed a typical vertebrate pattern. All genes were encoded on the heavy strain except for ND6 and eight tRNA genes. Base composition of the heavy strain was A(30.40%), T(24.19%), C(29.26%), G(16.16%), and with A + T bias of 54.59%. Comparing with the complete mitochondrial genome of its parents, the hybrid sturgeon of Huso dauricus (♀) × Acipenser schrenckii (♂) was consistent with a maternal inheritance. The complete mitogenome of the hybrid sturgeon of Huso dauricus (♀) × Acipenser schrenckii (♂) provides an important dataset for the exploration of mitochondrial inheritance mechanism.
Rule based graph visualization for software systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Supporting the comprehension of complex, industrial-size software systems became an important task of the software industry.Many of the comprehension tools are based on static source code analysis.As direct text-based analysis of the source code usually cannot be performed efficiently, hence such tools use a higher level representation of the source code, i.e. the abstract syntax tree.Having constructed from the source, the abstract syntax tree serves as the base of presenting the system to the user either in textual or graphical way.Graphical visualizations in different views and projections produce efficient assistance in the process of comprehension.A part of these visualization methods are to represent the structure of the source code with graphs revealing various aspects of the program.Most static source code analysis tools support only pre-defined programming languages and diagram types, restricting the users from a more general use.Our solution presents an abstract, language-independent, rule-driven method that conduces to the creation of arbitrary, user defined graph visualizations from the abstract syntax tree.Our approach lets the user to describe the desired graph to visualize in a declarative way by defining a set of rules.A graph building algorithm then receives the abstract syntax tree as an input and generates the aforementioned visualization alongside of these rules.
Programming Cow Evaluation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A computing procedure for intraherd best linear unbiased predictions of additive genetic and permanent environmental values for cows has been developed and tested.The average herd had 170 genetic equations and required about 20 s of computing time on an IBM 370 Model 135 with 260K of available storage.This time could be reduced in later runs where previous solutions can speed convergence to updated solutions.This appears to be a rapid procedure for evaluations of cows within herds. I NTR ODUCTI ONHenderson (1) has detailed a procedure for best linear unbiased predictions (BLUP) of genetic and permanent environmental values of females within a herd.The method is possible in that inverses of large numerator relationship matrices (A) can be obtained rapidly (2).The procedure has been programmed in FORTRAN language.These programs have been applied with success to data of milk and fat production stored at the Dairy Records Processing Laboratory, Ithaca, NY.The basic approach to programming, characteristics of the data, and computer times are outlined. METHODSThe procedure requires that a set of equations of full rank be solved for each herd.Solutions are for year-season effects, additive genetic values, and permanent environmental values.The general model is in (1, Eq. [1]) along with the specific model and an example (1, p. 1911).The full set of equations (1, Eq.
A kernel-based quantum random forest for improved classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The emergence of Quantum Machine Learning (QML) to enhance traditional classical learning methods has seen various limitations to its realisation. There is therefore an imperative to develop quantum models with unique model hypotheses to attain expressional and computational advantage. In this work we extend the linear quantum support vector machine (QSVM) with kernel function computed through quantum kernel estimation (QKE), to form a decision tree classifier constructed from a decision directed acyclic graph of QSVM nodes - the ensemble of which we term the quantum random forest (QRF). To limit overfitting, we further extend the model to employ a low-rank Nyström approximation to the kernel matrix. We provide generalisation error bounds on the model and theoretical guarantees to limit errors due to finite sampling on the Nyström-QKE strategy. In doing so, we show that we can achieve lower sampling complexity when compared to QKE. We numerically illustrate the effect of varying model hyperparameters and finally demonstrate that the QRF is able obtain superior performance over QSVMs, while also requiring fewer kernel estimations.
Ankylosing spondylitis: Assessment and analysis of long-term outcome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic rheumatic disease, characterized by inflammation of the joints connecting pelvis to spine and/or spine. The studies described in this thesis cover aspects of the assessment of AS and analysis of its long-term outcome. First, several aspects of outcome assessment in AS were discussed and improved, in particular pertaining to disease activity (signs and symptoms resulting from inflammation), spinal mobility and radiographic damage (bone formation). Second, the course of radiographic damage over time was analysed and better insight was obtained into the process of syndesmophyte formation. Finally, longitudinal relationships between disease activity, spinal mobility and radiographic damage and other potential determinants of these outcomes were investigated. The main research question was whether disease activity leads to radiographic progresssion (new bone formation) in patients with AS. Previous studies suggested that such a relationship was lacking. Given the availability of drugs that are efficacious in controling disease activity, it was of utmost importance to unravel the relationship between disease activity and radiographic damage. It has for the first time been shown that disease activity unequivocally contributes to radiographic progression in the spine in AS: an increase in disease activity is followed by an increase in radiographic progression. The effect is actually rather impressive: an increase of one unit in the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS, measure of disease activity) in an individual patient is expected to lead to an increase of 0.7 units progression in the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (mSASSS, measure of radiographic damage) over the next 2 years.
SH1264906.09FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Introduction: Scope and Limits (2000)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The resilience of the European Union (EU), in the pursuit of its integrationist project, has been a defining characteristic of the 1990s. Despite the slowdown in the European economy – culminating in a decade of low growth and high unemployment – the political elite of the member states has rarely allowed national political considerations to override the objectives set out in the Maastricht and Amsterdam treaties. Nor has the increasingly hostile climate of public opinion, albeit spread unevenly across the EU, persuaded the mainstream government-forming political parties to adopt Euroscepticism. In most countries, the Eurosceptic banner has been held aloft by fringe parties of left or right, which have little chance of participating in government, even with the assistance of coalition-friendly, proportional representation electoral systems. Thus, in Germany, although public opinion polls showed consistently strong reservations about the abolition of the mark, the cross-party elite consensus favouring the Euro held firm.
Fractional crystallization and melting within binary systems with solid solution

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The composition of liquids and solids obtained by perfect fractional crystallization is calculated. The equation derived for fractional crystallization applied for the albite-anorthite and fayalite-forsterite systems. It is shown that there is a certain amount of albitic liquid left during the final stage of the crystallization. The composition of the residua generated by fractional melting is almost constant by small degrees of partial melting when the initial solid contains less than 50 percent An or 50 percent Fo.\--Modified journal abstract.
Fatal Sunday: George Washington, the Monmouth Campaign, and the Politics of Battle. By Mark Edward Lender and Garry Wheeler Stone. (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 2016. Pp. xxi, 600. $34.95.)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"Fatal Sunday: George Washington, the Monmouth Campaign, and the Politics of Battle. By Mark Edward Lender and Garry Wheeler Stone. (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 2016. Pp. xxi, 600. $34.95.)." The Historian, 80(1), pp. 107–108
Why do people keep their promises? An experimental test of two explanations, Econometrica 76(6

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Numerous psychological and economic experiments have shown that the exchange of promises greatly enhances cooperative behavior in experimental games. This paper seeks to test two theories to explain this effect. The first posits that individuals have a preference for keeping their word. The second assumes that people dislike letting down others ’ payoff expectations. According to the latter account, promises affect behavior only indirectly, because they lead to changes in the payoff expectations attributed to others. I conduct an experiment designed to distinguish between and test these alter-native explanations. The results demonstrate that the effects of promises cannot be accounted for by changes in payoff expectations. This suggests that people have a pref-erence for promise keeping per se.
ASSESSMENT OF NUCLEAR POWER SCENARIOS ALLOWING FOR MATRIX BEHAVIOR IN RADIOLOGICAL IMPACT MODELING OF DISPOSAL SCENARIOS

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Under the provisions of the 1991 French radioactive waste management law, various fuel cycle scenarios will be assessed and compared in terms of feasibility, flexibility, cost, and ultimate waste radiotoxic inventory. The latter criterion may be further broken down into “potential radiotoxic inventory ” (the radiotoxic inventory of all the radionuclides produced) and “residual radiotoxic inventory ” (the radionuclide fraction reaching the biosphere after migration from the repository). The innovative scientific contribution of this study is to consider a third type of radiotoxic inventory: the potential radiotoxic inventory after conditioning, i.e. taking into account the containment capacity of the radionuclide conditioning matrices. The matrix fraction subjected to alteration over time determines the potential for radionuclide release, hence the notion of the potential radiotoxic inventory after conditioning. An initial comparison of possible scenarios is proposed by considering orders of magnitude for the radionuclide containment capacity of the disposal matrices and for their mobilization potential. All the scenarios investigated are normalized to the same annual electric power production so that a legitimate comparison can be established for the ultimate wasteforms produced per year of operation. This approach reveals significant differences among the scenarios considered that do not appear when only
Implicit and Explicit Measures of Memory for Perceptual Information in Young Adults, Healthy Older Adults, and Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In this study, we examined how implicit and explicit memory for perceptual information (modality and voice) and lexical information varied across three subject groups: healthy young adults, healthy older adults, and age-matched older adults with dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT). These groups exhibited cross-modality (abstract) priming of the same magnitude. However, young adults produced greater modality- and voice-specific priming than the other two groups, whose performance was equivalent, suggesting that aging, but not DAT, reduced form-specific priming. Young adults demonstrated better recognition memory than healthy older adults, who in turn exhibited better recognition memory than older adults with DAT. In young adults, recognition memory was also sensitive to perceptual information. These findings indicate that aging can affect implicit memory for perceptual information, whereas DAT magnifies the effect of aging on explicit memory.
Arrays of Novel Coplanar-Electrode Microplasma Devices

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Arrays of coplanar-electrode microplasma devices have been fabricated and operated under neon pressures. The microcavity of the device is composed of a couple of electrodes instead of a dielectric or a single cathode, which can enhance the density of the microcavities. When the size of the microcavity is 150 mum, the density of the microcavities could exceed 10 3 cm -2 . The devices are fabricated by only one wet lithography process, which can simplify the fabrication processes and develop the fabrication uniformity. The current-voltage characteristics of the devices under different operation pressures and with different frequencies are investigated. The experimental results show that the current-voltage characteristics under different neon pressures exhibit a positive differential resistance of about 78 kOmega. The discharge current will be enhanced with the increase in operation pressure and driven frequency. With the increase in driven voltage and operation pressure, the discharge in the gaps will be enhanced, and the degree of the enhancement in the gaps will exceed that in the microcavities, particularly when the driven voltage is above 350 V and the driven frequency is above 20 kHz.
The Effect Of Corporate Name Changes On Shareholder Wealth

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper analyzes in the Agency-Signaling context of Jensen and Meckling (1976) and Spence (1973) non-merger corporate name changes over 1983-1985. Using an event-study methodology, the results suggest that changes in corporate identities serve in some circumstances as signals to the market of increased operational efficiencies, enhanced investment opportunities and the acquisition of superior managerial ability. The form and frequency of the name change however, was found generally to be insignificant.
UNCOMPENSATED ALKALOSIS IN ENCEPHALITIS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The possible conditions of the acid-base balance of the blood, considering as variables the amount of bicarbonate present, and the hydrogen-ion concentration, have recently been defined by Van Slyke.1Three of these variations, (a) the normal condition of health (in which both bicarbonate andpH are within normal limits), and the conditions of (b) compensated acidosis (normalpH, low bicarbonate), and of (c) uncompensated acidosis (lowpH, low bicarbonate), are the ones most commonly observed. Several of the other theoretical possibilities have been reported as occurring either experimentally or clinically. The present communication is for the purpose of reporting a case of epidemic (lethargic) encephalitis with a disturbance of the respiratory mechanism producing a prolonged, extremely rapid, shallow type of breathing. So far as we have been able to discover, the condition of the acid-base equilibrium which was found has not previously been described as occurring
A Clark-Ocone type formula via Ito calculus and its application to finance

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

An explicit martingale representation for random variables described as a functional of a Levy process will be given. The Clark-Ocone theorem shows that integrands appeared in a martingale representation are given by conditional expectations of Malliavin derivatives. Our goal is to extend it to random variables which are not Malliavin differentiable. To this end, we make use of Ito's formula, instead of Malliavin calculus. As an application to mathematical finance, we shall give an explicit representation of locally risk-minimizing strategy of digital options for exponential Levy models. Since the payoff of digital options is described by an indicator function, we also discuss the Malliavin differentiability of indicator functions with respect to Levy processes.