jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigation to Utilize Low-cost Sensors of Early Cavitation Prediction in Axial Pump Based on Acoustic and Vibration Approaches

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Cavitation, defined by the formation and collapse of vapor bubbles in a liquid, presents a significant challenge to the reliable operation of axial pumps. Timely detection of cavitation is essential for preventing damage and optimizing pump performance. This research aims to evaluate detection techniques for cavitation in axial pumps through the analysis of vibration and acoustic signals. We utilized cost-effective sensors and data acquisition systems, including embedded accelerometer sensors and smartphone-based microphones, to capture these signals. Our study involves a detailed analysis of vibration and acoustic data collected under various operating conditions, with a particular focus on the pump's optimal efficiency point. By employing three directional axes for vibration data acquisition, we achieved a comprehensive examination of the cavitation phenomenon. Signal processing techniques, such as feature extraction in the frequency domain, were used to identify distinct operating conditions as cavitation developed. Additionally, convolutional features were applied to assess the classification accuracy when datasets were converted into spectrograms. This research includes a thorough comparison of classification algorithms and different directional axes to provide insights into the effectiveness of the detection methods. The findings demonstrate the feasibility of detecting cavitation in real operating conditions using vibration signals, while highlighting challenges associated with using low-cost commercial acoustic data for cavitation detection. This introduction sets the stage for an in-depth exploration of the methodology, results, and implications of our study on early cavitation detection in axial irrigation pumps. The analysis of acoustic and vibration signals yielded similar results in detecting cavitation. Key indicators, such as peak-to-peak, RMS, and variation values, were effective metrics for cavitation detection. Frequency-based analysis in both the broadband range (2 kHz – 10 kHz) and the low-frequency range (0 – 1 kHz) revealed clear trends related to cavitation presence. Time-domain analysis of vibration signals proved effective for detecting and diagnosing cavitation in axial pumps. Using mean and peak values for vibration and acoustic amplitude analysis in the frequency domain provided additional insights for predicting cavitation.
Group Effects on Piles Behavior under Lateral Loading

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this study, behavior of a 3×3 pile group under lateral loading in sand is investigated by means of numerical modeling. A three-dimensional finite element model was developed using the ABAQUS software to simulate the behavior of steel pipe piles and soil. In this model, the behavior of the soil is described using an elastic-plastic constitutive model while the piles were treated as elastic materials. P-multipliers were developed for each row of the pile groups. Values of 0.78, 0.40, and 0.38 were calculated for a 3×3 free-headed pile group with 3D spacing in the both directions. Piles spacing and piles head conditions effects on the group interaction and consequently p-multipliers have been studied. It has been resulted that piles spacing in a group is an important parameter affecting the piles behavior under lateral loading, however, the piles head condition does not have a considerable effect on the values of p-multipliers.
Motility and substratum adhesion of Dictyostelium wild-type and cytoskeletal mutant cells: a study by RICM/bright-field double-view image analysis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT To investigate the dynamics of cell-substratum adhesion during locomotion, a double-view optical technique and computer-assisted image analysis has been developed which combines reflection interference contrast microscopy (RICM) with bright-field imaging. The simultaneous recording of cell-substratum contact and cell body contour has been applied to aggregation-competent cells of Dictyostelium discoideum. These cells are distinguished from cells at earlier stages of development by small areas of contact to a substratum. Three questions have been addressed in analysing the locomotion of aggregation-competent cells. (1) What is the relationship between changes in the shape of cells and their contact to a substratum during a chemotactic response? (2) What is the relationship between protrusion and retraction of the cell body, and between local attachment and detachment? (3) Are there differences between wild-type and mutant cells that lack certain cytoskeletal proteins? During a chemotactic response the front region of the amoeba can bend towards the gradient of attractant without being supported by its contact with a surface, which excludes the necessity for gradients of adhesion for the response. The finding that in locomoting cells protrusion of the leading edge often precedes retraction establishes a pioneer role for the front region. The finding that gain of contact area precedes loss provides evidence for the coordination of interactions between the cell surface and a substratum. For comparison with wild-type, aggregation-competent triple mutant cells have been used that lack two F-actin crosslinking proteins, α-actinin and 120 kDa gelation factor, and an actin filament fragmenting protein, severin. Disturbances in the spatial and temporal control of cytoskeletal activities have been unravelled in the mutant by RICM and quantified by cross-correlation analysis of attachment and detachment vectors. In order to detect these disturbances, it was essential to analyse cell locomotion on the weakly adhesive surface of freshly cleaved mica.
Hologenomic insights demonstrate co-evolution between an intestinal Mycoplasma and its salmonid host

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract

The study of co-evolution between host and microbes has the potential to transform how we understand evolutionary adaptations, yet genuine co-evolutionary relationships are challenging to show. The host's intestinal environment shapes the gut microbiota through the co-existence of bacteria and host. This co-existence influences the fitness of both bacteria and host. How this affects the co-evolution occurring in animals is largely unexplored, mainly due to the complexity of the environment, low host selection, and microbial communities. We present the first metagenomic derived genome of gut microbiota from wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), a new wild model organism with the microbiota of low complexity and known population structures amenable for investigating co-evolution. Our data reveal a strong host selection of a core gut microbiota dominated by a single Mycoplasma species. Interestingly, we found a concordance between the population structure of the Atlantic salmon host and nucleotide variability of the intestinal Mycoplasma populations conforming to expectations from co-evolution between host and microbe. Our results show that the stable microbiota of Atlantic salmon has evolved with its salmonid host populations while potentially providing adaptive traits to the salmon host populations, including defence mechanisms and protein synthesis. We highlight Atlantic salmon as a novel model for studying co-evolution between vertebrate hosts and their microbiota.
Real-World Implementation of Infant Behavioral Sleep Interventions: Results of a Parental Survey

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective To describe parental practices implementing behavioral sleep intervention (BSI) outside a clinical setting. Study design Parents (n = 652), recruited through a Facebook group designed as a peer support group for parents using BSI, completed an online survey about their experience using BSI with their infant or toddler. Results On average, parents implemented BSI when their infant was 5.6 (±2.77) months. Parents most often used modified (49.5%) or unmodified extinction (34.9%), with fewer using a parental presence approach (15.6%). Regardless of BSI type, more parents endorsed “a great deal of stress” during the first night (42.2%) than 1 week later (5.2%). The duration of infant crying was typically greatest the first night (reported by 45%; M = 43 minutes) and was significantly reduced after 1 week (M = 8.54 minutes). Successful implementation of BSI on the first attempt was reported by 83%, with a median and mode of 7 days until completion (79% by 2 weeks). Regardless of BSI type, after intervention parents reported their infant had less difficulty falling asleep, fewer night awakenings, and were more likely to sleep in their room and/or in their own crib/bed. Conclusions The majority of parents report successfully implementing BSI, with significantly reduced infant crying by the end of 1 week and success within 2 weeks. Few differences were found between behavioral approaches.
Skin disorders among male primary school children in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia: prevalence and socio-demographic correlates - a comparison of urban and rural populations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Skin diseases are common among school children worldwide. However, limited information is available about the socioeconomic correlates that contribute to their development among school children in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).to identify the prevalent transmissible and non-transmissible skin disorders among male primary school children in Al Hassa, KSA, and to detect possible socio-demographic correlates implicated in their development.In this cross-sectional study a total of 1337 male primary school children were selected from urban and rural schools in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia by a multistage sampling method. Socio-demographic and housing conditions data were collected through a self-administered parents'/guardians' questionnaire. A personal interview with the child established personal hygiene habits; this was followed by clinical dermatological screening.The prevalence of transmissible skin disorders was 27.2% (CI=24.8-29.6); solitary transmissible skin disorders were diagnosed in 7.8%, while 19.4% had multiple disorders. Common dermatoses identified included superficial infections (fungal, bacterial and viral), eczematous dermatosis, and infestations (scabies/pediculosis). Logistic regression revealed that large family size was a positive predictor for pediculosis and fungal infections, and rural residence was a positive predictor for pediculosis; however, higher maternal educational status might be protective against the development of both lesions. Frequent showering and high family income were both negative predictors for the development of infectious (transmissible) dermatoses. The prevalence of transmissible dermatoses was higher in rural compared with urban school children, while the prevalence of most non-transmissible dermatoses did not show a significant difference between urban and rural populations.Both transmissible and non-transmissible skin disorders were frequently encountered among male primary school children in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia. Both socio-demographic and hygiene correlates play a significant role in the development of these disorders.
SH1351066.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Gender and Gender-Based Violence

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Action Against Hunger is an international non-governmental organization with six headquarters located around the world that focus on ending hunger in low and middle-income countries. The Canadian office uniquely provides evidenced-based technical support and evaluation for headquarters focused on implementing interventions and programming to mitigate hunger. For my practicum I worked in the International Gender Unit to support ongoing policy development and updating of the organization’s cross-network gender policy. Gender inequalities have direct causal links with malnutrition; yet, in March 2020 the Global Nutrition Report showed that global efforts to mitigate hunger by addressing gender inequalities are behind on most targets. To better capture and learn how to address underlying inequalities and drivers of malnutrition, my practicum research focused on the associations and non-associations between gender, gender-based violence, and malnutrition. This practicum placement had three objectives: 1) to provide a literature review 2) to provide a database comprised of peer-reviewed and grey literature; and, 3) to support new policy development during cross-headquarters discussions, research, and reporting. During this placement I had the opportunity to work online with individuals across five continents and twenty-one countries. This included facilitating break-out policy discussions during policy meetings, as well as semi-structured interviews that were conducted prior to providing a literature review and socio-ecological discussion on gender, gender-based violence and malnutrition. The opportunity to engage in international and cross-cultural collaborative work has been the highlight of my practicum. It has provided the opportunity to not only sharpen my reflexive praxis as a student of public health, but to sharpen my understanding of the policy process at the organizational level. It has additionally illuminated the importance of structural and social contexts in public health research and programming, especially within efforts to address gender inequalities and gender-based violence associated with malnutrition.
REFLEXIONES SOBRE EL ACCIONAR PEDAGOGICO

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Este artículo hace una reflexión crítica del accionar pedagógico que los maestros deben hacerse como parte del mejoramiento constante de los encuentros pedagógicos y expone el caso evidenciado en la FESC en asignaturas como producción y análisis de textos que tiene la particularidad de necesitar una metodología didáctica por parte del docente ya que los estudiantes no tienen hábitos de lectura y escritura. Finalmente, se concluye que un instrumento que ayuda al docente en la reflexión constante de la práctica pedagógica es el diario de campo de carácter pedagógico.
Arabidopsis nucleoporin CPR5 controls trichome cell death through the core cell cycle regulator CKI

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The Arabidopsis trichome is a polyploid epidermal cell resulting from multiple rounds of endocycles. The CYCLIN‐DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITOR (CKI) family proteins are core cell cycle regulators that promote the endocycle. CONSTITUTIVE EXPRESSION OF PR GENES 5 (CPR5) is a plant‐specific nucleoporin. It has been found that two Arabidopsis CKI, SIAMESE (SIM) and SIAMESE‐RELATED 1 (SMR1), function downstream of CPR5 to activate plant effector‐triggered cell death. The sim smr1 double mutants form multicellular and clustered trichomes, while the cpr5 mutants produce dead and branchless trichomes. This study explored roles of the CPR5‐CKI signalling pathway in trichome cell cycle transition. To examine the underlying mechanism of how cell cycle transition is regulated in plant trichomes, Trypan blue staining, flow cytometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nuclear DNA measurement were conducted. The native promoter‐driven CKI and GUS fusion reporter showed that both SIM and SMR1 proteins were preferentially expressed in trichomes. The cpr5 ‐induced dead and branchless trichomes were fully suppressed by the sim smr1 double mutant, suggesting that SIM and SMR1 function downstream of CPR5 in trichome development. Flow cytometry analysis showed that as compared to the number of 2C (C = DNA content in a haploid nucleus) cells, the number of 4C cells significantly increased, whereas that of polyploidy cells (8C and 16C) dramatically decreased in the cpr5 mutant. The elevated 4C/2C ratio in the cpr5 mutant is consistent with de‐repression of pro‐endocycle regulators SIM and SMR1. The polyploidy cells (8C and 16C) may be selectively targeted to cell death, which is therefore attributed to the branchless trichomes in the cpr5 mutant. Nuclear DNA content analysis demonstrated that the nuclear DNA content of trichomes in the cpr5 sim mutant was significantly higher than in the sim mutant, indicating that CPR5 is a negative endocycle regulator in trichomes. This study reveals that the CPR5‐CKI signalling pathway controls trichome cell cycle transition and excessive endocycles are required for cell death in plant trichomes.
New Reproductive Assemblages: Understanding, Managing and Using Human In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This dissertation is a contribution to the ongoing discussion about the body and in vitro fertilization (IVF), also known as assisted reproduction or technologically enhanced reproduction. With help of empirical research on Dutch and Polish IVF-couples, Edyta Just puts into question the meaning of IVF and discusses the best way of managing the phenomenon and to use it to transform existing ideologies, norms, convictions en discussions on matters such as reproduction, (in)fertility, female/male bodies, sexuality and the reproduction technologies themselves. More specifically, Just engages in a polemic with radical feminists and the Vatican. Her polemic shows that theories and ways of discussing IVF used by radical feminists and the Vatican are cause of a negative and inaccurate assessment of IVF. Just shows moreover that other theories – of i.e. Rosi Braidotti and Gilles Deleuze – and discussions on IVF can result in a much more accurate and less negative evaluation and approach. In doing so Just tries to lay a basis for a more harmonious conceptualization of IVF; one that counts as a recommendation for the Vatican and radical feminists to change their own stand on IVF.
Exercise in indirect analysis

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExercise in indirect analysisM. G. Mellon Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1933, 10, 8, 493Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1933Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 August 1933Published inissue 1 August 1933https://doi.org/10.1021/ed010p493RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views19Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (607 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Cytotoxic Triterpenoid Saponins Acylated with Monoterpenic Acid from Pithecellobium lucidum

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Three new oleanane-type triterpene saponins, named pithelucosides A-C (1-3), together with two known saponins (4, 5) were isolated from the roots of Pithecellobium lucidum. The structures of the new saponins were established on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR experiments and mass spectrometry and confirmed by acid and alkaline hydrolysis. Compounds 1-5 and 7 (pro-sapogenin obtained from the mild alkaline hydrolysate of 1) were evaluated for cytotoxic activity on five human tumoral cell lines (HCT-8, Bel-7402, BGC-823, A549, and A2780) and for hemolytic property against rabbit erythrocytes. Compounds 2-5 showed significant cytotoxic activities with IC50 values of 0.61-7.56 microM. All tested compounds did not exhibit any hemolytic activity in the concentration range 0.01-100 microM.
An improved method for differentiation of glycoprotein by staining

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective To develop a more sensitive and effective method for differentiation of glycoprotein by staining.Methods An improved gel staining method was developed based on periodic acid-Schiff method by optimizing the formula of fixing,reduction and oxidation solutions as well as time for staining,and compared with periodic acid-Schiff method.Results Samples of recombinant monoclonal antibody were stained by the improved method,and the result showed that only the heavy chain was stained,while the light chain was unstained.However,after counter-stain with Coomassie brilliant blue,both heavy and light chains were stained.The sensitivity of the improved method for determination of sugar content was 0.15 μg,while that of traditional periodic acid-Schiff method was 3 μg.Conclusion A novel method for differentiation of glycoprotein by staining was successfully developed,which was highly specific,sensitive and time-saving.
Status Quo of Security Printing &#x2013; A Panoramic View at DRUPA

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Security printing has gained increasing attention in the past few years and will continue to do so for years to come. This paper will provide a review of existing security printing technologies, with a particular emphasis on those shown at DRUPA 2008, the largest print show in the world. The paper will include a detailed evaluation of various security printing technologies from scientific, technological and application potential points of view. The focus will be on selected security printing technologies with particularly attractive application advantages, from a practitioner's point of view.