jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Oral Health-Related Taboos and Oral Health Status among a South Indian Tribal Population: A Descriptive Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Health being a biological and social entity makes an important contribution to economic progress. Though we live in the 21 st century still many underserved communities are lacking to adopt healthy lifestyles. One of many reasons would be religious convictions such as taboos, myths, or misbeliefs. Aim: This study aims to assess the periodontal status, and to comprehend the myths and misconceptions among adults in Jeelugumilli Mandala, West Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used among 12 panchayats in which 29 villages were present in Jeelugumilli Mandal. Out of 29 villages one village was selected by convenience sampling as it is a manageable unit which represents rural population. Oral examination was done using community periodontal index (CPI) and loss of attachment for those individuals who met inclusion criteria. A valid questionnaire was used to quantitate about social myths and taboos. Pearson’s Chi-Square and descriptive statistics were applied to the collected data and level of significance was set at P ≤ 0.05 for the tests. Results: A statistically significant difference was observed in CPI scores among males and females ( P = 0.024), those who brush their teeth once daily and those who brush twice ( P = 0.005) and high significance was seen among those who consume alcohol and those who do not ( P < 0.001). For loss of attachment scores high significant difference was found among tobacco chewers and nonchewers, those who brush once daily and twice daily ( P < 0.001). Conclusion: Most of the misbeliefs were seen among illiterates and rural population. Hence, there is a need to improve the level of education as well as knowledge related to health, among these groups for overall improvement of health related quality of life.
Supplementary material from "Thermal landscape change as a driver of ectotherm responses to plant invasions"

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

A growing body of research demonstrates the impacts of invasive alien plants on native animals, but few studies consider thermal effects as a driver of the responses of native organisms. As invasive alien plants establish and alter the composition and arrangement of plant communities, the thermal landscapes available to ectotherms also change. Our study reviews the research undertaken to date on the thermal effects of alien plant invasions on native reptiles, amphibians, insects and arachnids. The 37 studies published between 1970 and early 2019 portray an overall detrimental effect of invasive plants on thermal landscapes, ectothermic individuals' performance and species abundance, diversity and composition. With a case study of a lizard species, we illustrate the use of thermal ecology tools in plant invasion research and test the generality of alien plant effects: changes in thermoregulation behaviour in invaded landscapes varied depending on the level of invasion and lizard traits. Together, the literature review and case study show that thermal effects of alien plants on ectotherms can be substantial albeit context-dependent. Further research should cover multiple combinations of native/invasive plant growth forms, invasion stages and ectotherm traits. More attention is also needed to test causality along the chain of effects from thermal landscapes to individuals, populations and communities.
IPOP: A Theory of Experience Preference

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The theory and practice of IPOP emerged from structured observations and interviews with visitors to the Smithsonian Institution museums in Washington, D.C. from the 1990s to the present—a dataset useful in constructing a long view. This research has had one overarching intention: to serve museum visitors better, that is, to provide visitors with experiences that are above average, special, significant, and memorable. In numerous studies and interviews during the last 16 years, visitors have repeatedly spoken about their reactions to Smithsonian museum exhibitions in four typologies distilling their primary interests: I = ideas, P = people, O = objects, and—as we were obliged to add at a later stage—a second P for “physical.” The evidence suggests that exhibitions that strongly appeal to all four visitor typologies will be highly successful with visitors.
Neutron spectroscopy with [sup 6]LiF bolometers

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A compact and semi-portable neutron detector has been built based on the bolometric technique. Its unique features open new possibilities for the radioprotection survey of fast neutrons at nuclear installations and the investigations of background problems of sensitive neutron scattering instruments. This cryogenic detector, operated at 300-400 mK, consists of a 0.5 g LiF 95% 6Li enriched crystal read out by a NTD-Ge sensor and is based on the 6Li(n,α)3H neutron capture reaction. It is used to define the energy of neutrons up to 5 MeV. Measurements with 252Cf source have been performed to determine the energy resolution of the detector. We report the first results obtained with this neutron detector. From developments made in view of the ROSEBUD (Rare Objects SEarch with Bolometers UndergrounD) collaboration we suggest a possible further improvement of the neutron detector by employing a combined heat and light detection. In the case of dark matter experiments, such a detector would allow to monitor the residual fast neutron component.
Social Capital, Institutional Rules, and Constitutional Amendment Rates

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Why are some constitutions amended more frequently than others? The literature provides few clear answers, as some scholars focus on institutional factors, while others emphasize amendment culture. We bridge this divide with new theoretical and empirical insights. Using data from democratic constitutions worldwide and US state constitutions, we examine how social capital reduces the transaction costs imposed by amendment rules. The results indicate that constitutional rigidity decreases amendment frequency, but group membership, civic activism, and political trust can offset the effect of amendment rules. Our findings have important implications for scholars in public law, constitutional and democratic theory, and social movements.
Undergraduate students’ perceptions of learning about leadership in multifaith workplace

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Workplace demographic changes and evidence of religious discrimination suggest that management educators should prepare students for multi-faith workplaces. However, quantitative research is lacking on the impact of courses designed to prepare students for multifaith workplaces or organizations where spirituality is expressed. This quasi-experimental study examined the effects of a two-hour online lesson on leadership, religion, and spirituality on undergraduate students’ perceptions of the topic in pre-, post-, and eight-week post-lesson surveys. Two factors emerged representing students’ perceptions. Changes in interest and openness to learning about leadership, religion, and spirituality were sustained over eight weeks. Changes in fear or apprehension about engaging this topic in the classroom or workplace were transient, decreasing initially, but returning to pre-lesson levels at eight weeks. This study’s findings suggest that a single lesson shows potential to increase students’ openness and interest in learning about the intersection of leadership, religion, and spirituality.
Influence of Nitrogen Sources and Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Inoculation on Growth, Crude Fiber and Nutrient Uptake in Squash (<i>Cucurbita moschata</i> Duchesne ex Poir.) Plants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR, B) have immense potential application in sustainable agriculture as ecofriendly biofertilizers and biopesticides. In this study, the effects of three nitrogen (N) sources (NO3-, NH4+ and NO3NH4) and PGPR on growth, crude fiber and nutrient uptake were investigated in squash plants. Some growth parameters [root dry weight (RDW), shoot dry weight (SDW), total plant dry weight (PDW), number of leaves (NL), shoot length (SL), stem diameter (SD) and number of ramifications (NR)], crude fiber (cellulose content) and nutrient uptake (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn) were determined. Application of NO3-, NH4+ or NO3NH4 singly or in combination with PGPR inoculation led to a significant increase in RDW, SDW, PDW, NL, SL, SD and NR. Na, Cu and Zn contents, on the contrary, decreased in inoculated treated plants while no significant differences were recorded in cellulose contents (CE) of leaves except in plants fed with NO3-. The leaf CE content ranged from 12.58 to 13.67%. The plants supplied with NO3+B, NH4+B and NO3NH4+B showed significantly higher plant biomass and accumulation of N, P, K and Mn concentrations in leaves compared to all other treatments. These results suggest that specific combinations of PGPR with NO3-, NH4+ or NO3NH4 fertilizers can be considered as efficient alternative biofertilizers to improve significantly the squash growth and nutrient uptake.
A Genomics-Based Semirational Approach for Expanding the Postbiotic Potential of Collagen Peptides Using Lactobacillaceae

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Food-derived bioactive peptides (BPs) have received considerable attention as postbiotics for human gut health. Here we used a genomics-based semirational approach to expand the postbiotic potential of collagen peptides (CPs) produced from probiotic fermentation. In silico digestion revealed distinct BPs embedded in fish collagen in a protease-dependent manner. Anaerobic digestion of collagen by representative Lactobacillaceae species revealed differential substrate utilization and collagen degradation patterns. Nanoliquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of CPs showed that each species exhibited different cleavage patterns and unique peptide profiles. Remarkably, the 1-10 kDa CPs produced by Lacticaseibacillus paracasei showed agonistic activities toward G protein-coupled receptor 35 (GPR35). These CPs could repair intestinal epithelium through the GPR35-mediated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) 1/2 signaling pathway, suggesting that probiotic-aided collagen hydrolysates can serve as postbiotics for host-microbe interactions. Therefore, this study provides an effective strategy for the rapid screening of CPs for gut health in the gastrointestinal tract.
IN THE EXPEDIENCY OF THE USE OF SUBSURFACE IRRIGATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This article substantiates that intra-soil irrigation is competitive in relation to other methods, including drip irrigation. Therefore, the intra-soil can be recommended for widespread implementation on the territory of the Crimea. Based on multifactorial analysis, data from laboratory experiments and calculations of the main parameters of the intra-soil irrigation system, it was determined that intra-soil irrigation of vineyards using microporous hoses is an effective and environmentally safe irrigation method and, in general, a promising direction for the development of irrigated agriculture in the Crimea.
Data from Suppression of Lymphocyte Functions by Plasma Exosomes Correlates with Disease Activity in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Head and neck cancers (HNCs) often induce profound immunosuppression, which contributes to disease progression and interferes with immune-based therapies. Body fluids of patients with HNC are enriched in exosomes potentially engaged in negative regulation of antitumor immune responses. The presence and content of exosomes derived from plasma of patients with HNC are evaluated for the ability to induce immune dysfunction and influence disease activity.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> Exosomes were isolated by size-exclusion chromatography from plasma of 38 patients with HNC and 14 healthy donors. Morphology, size, numbers, and protein and molecular contents of the recovered exosomes were determined. Coculture assays were performed to measure exosome-mediated effects on functions of normal human lymphocyte subsets and natural killer (NK) cells. The results were correlated with disease stage and activity.</p><p><b>Results:</b> The presence, quantity, and molecular content of isolated, plasma-derived exosomes discriminated patients with HNC with active disease (AD) from those with no evident disease (NED) after oncologic therapies. Exosomes of patients with AD were significantly more effective than exosomes of patients with NED in inducing apoptosis of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, suppression of CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell proliferation, and upregulation of regulatory T-cell (Treg) suppressor functions (all at <i>P</i> < 0.05). Exosomes of patients with AD also downregulated NKG2D expression levels in NK cells.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Exosomes in plasma of patients with HNC carry immunosuppressive molecules and interfere with functions of immune cells. Exosome-induced immune suppression correlates with disease activity in HNC, suggesting that plasma exosomes could be useful as biomarkers of HNC progression. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(16); 4843–54. ©2017 AACR</i>.</p></div>
A Topic-Attentive Transformer-based Model For Multimodal Depression Detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Depression is one of the most common mental disorders, which imposes heavy negative impacts on one's daily life. Diagnosing depression based on the interview is usually in the form of questions and answers. In this process, the audio signals and their text transcripts of a subject are correlated to depression cues and easily recorded. Therefore, it is feasible to build an Automatic Depression Detection (ADD) model based on the data of these modalities in practice. However, there are two major challenges that should be addressed for constructing an effective ADD model. The first challenge is the organization of the textual and audio data, which can be of various contents and lengths for different subjects. The second challenge is the lack of training samples due to the privacy concern. Targeting to these two challenges, we propose the TOpic ATtentive transformer-based ADD model, abbreviated as TOAT. To address the first challenge, in the TOAT model, topic is taken as the basic unit of the textual and audio data according to the question-answer form in a typical interviewing process. Based on that, a topic attention module is designed to learn the importance of of each topic, which helps the model better retrieve the depressed samples. To solve the issue of data scarcity, we introduce large pre-trained models, and the fine-tuning strategy is adopted based on the small-scale ADD training data. We also design a two-branch architecture with a late-fusion strategy for building the TOAT model, in which the textual and audio data are encoded independently. We evaluate our model on the multimodal DAIC-WOZ dataset specifically designed for the ADD task. Experimental results show the superiority of our method. More importantly, the ablation studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the key elements in the TOAT model.
Evaluation of the thermal integrity of the building envelopes of eight federal office buildings

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Diagnostic test methods were applied to eight federal office buildings in order to assess the applicability of these measurement methods for determining the thermal integrity of the building envelope. The eight federal office buildings were located in Anchorage, AK; Ann Arbor, MI; Columbia, SC; Fayetteville, AR; Huron, SD; Norfolk, VA; Pittsfield, MA and Springfield, MA.
The effects of endocannabinoids and fatty acids on lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function in adipocytes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The endocannabinoid (EC) system has a role in metabolic homeostasis. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ECs and the fatty acids they are derived from on lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function in adipocytes. 3T3-L1 adipocytes on day 8 of differentiation were treated with ECs and fatty acids for 48 hours in the absence or presence of insulin and various inhibitors. Lysates were analyzed via Western immunoblotting, a lipolysis assay and Seahorse XF Analyzer for changes in protein levels, phosphorylation state, lipolysis, and oxygen consumption rate. Results showed that ECs (2-arachidonoyl glycerol) stimulated lipolysis via a novel AMPK-dependent pathway, while fatty acids had varying effects on insulin signaling and mitochondrial function . These data suggest adipose tissue EC receptors may be a suitable target for anti-obesity therapy. Further research is needed to understand how the dietary fatty acid profile may influence synthesis of ECs.
Machine Learning for Enhanced Churn Prediction in Banking: Leveraging Oversampling and Stacking Techniques

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Every sector of business is getting more competitive as time passes. More and more companies are offering services to people. Banking sector is no different. With the plethora option customer has in terms banking, holding on to customer may prove difficult for banks. This research will help banks to predict which customers are likely going to churn and allow them to take precaution to stop customers from leaving. In this study we have used classifiers such as: K-Neighbors, Random Forest, XGboost, Adaboost classifiers and Ensemble Model (Stacking Technique) that uses all of these models together. The experimentation was conducted on a dataset from Kaggle. The dataset used in this research was heavily imbalanced. So, different oversampling methods like Random Oversampling and SMOTE-ENN have been used. In data preprocessing, label encoding was done and for validation K-folding technique (k-5) have been used. The highest accuracy has been achieved by using Random Oversampling with Stacking Model which is 97.31% (std: 0.0033, k=5).
506 Fatigue Characteristics of Wc-Co Hardmetals

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Tool life of WC-Co hardmetals applied for cutting tools or wear resistant tools is often influenced by compressive or bending fatigue. In this study, therefore, compressive and bending fatigue characteristics of WC-Co hardmetals were investigated. The compressive fatigue strength was about two times higher than the bending fatigue strength in normal sintered and HIPed hardmetals at the same fatigue level. The difference between the compressive and bending fatigue strength was concluded to be whether structural defects acting as a fracture origin influence the fatigue strength or not. The effects of surface roughness and coating treatment on the fatigue characteristics were also investigated and discussed with surface residual stress.
Effectiveness of warm saline for pain relief in office hysteroscopy: A prospective randomized control trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Office Hysteroscopy is often considered the gold standard in diagnosing intrauterine pathology. Pain during the procedure usually is the cause of failure in Office Hysteroscopy. Various techniques have been developed and employed for making the patient more comfortable during the procedure. The main objective of this study was to compare pain intensity and degree of satisfaction reported by patients undergoing Office Hysteroscopy using saline solution kept at room temperature (control group) and saline solution warmed up to 410C (test group). Methods: 110 patients were recruited for the study, 55 in test group and 55 in control group as per inclusion criteria. A computer generated randomization sequence was used for allocation of group. Ambient temperature was set at 260C and an automated fluid warmer was used for heating the saline medium to 410C for test group. Office Hysteroscopy was performed by vaginoscopic technique using a 3.2mm Compact Hysteroscope. VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) score was assessed during the procedure and 15 minutes later. Results: VAS score during the procedure was found to be significantly lower in warm saline group (2.64+1.62) as compared to placebo (4.90+1.90); p = 0.001. Moreover, the VAS score at 15 minutes post-procedure was found to be significantly lower in the warm saline group (1.82+0.39) as compared to room temperature saline (2.94+0.96); p = 0.001. Warm saline as distension medium had a significant positive effect on satisfaction level of patients; 78% (n=39) women in warm saline group expressed their willingness to undergo the procedure again, if required, versus 23.5% (n=12) in room temperature saline; p = 0.001. Also, 74% (n=37) women in warm saline group would recommend the procedure to their friends and relatives versus 31.3% (n=16) in room temperature saline; p = 0.001. Conclusions: Using warm saline (410C) as distension medium for Office Hysteroscopy significantly reduces pain during and after the procedure. Moreover, patient satisfaction is better with warm saline as distension medium.
Diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis Genitourinary Infections

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The lack of a widely available diagnostic test for genital infections with Chlamydia trachomatis, coupled with their often nonspecific clinical nature, have been important factors contributing to the increasing incidence of these infections. Recent studies have more clearly defined the clinical manifestations of C. trachomatis infections, especially mucopurulent cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease. In addition, methods for the direct detection of chlamydial antigen in genital secretions have been developed. Although less sensitive than traditional cultural methods, these noncultural methods are more widely available than cultures and can facilitate the earlier recognition and more specific diagnosis of chlamydial genital infections. This article reviews these recent developments and outlines specific applications of tests for diagnostic purposes and for screening of high-risk populations.
Preparation of Si/C Fiber Precursors from SiO_2/Sucrose Hybrid Sols

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

SiO2/sucrose hybrid sol was prepared from sol-gel of TEOS and sucrose,and SiO2/sucrose hybrid ferbers were prepared by drawing method.The change in viscosity and the spinnablity of the hybrid sols were studied.The morphology of the hybrid fibers was characterized by SEM;the thermal properties of the hybrid fibers were characterized by TG and DSC,and the crystalline property of the hybrid fibers was characterized by XRD.The results showed that the SiO2/sucrose hybrid sols had good spinnability,and the hybrid fibers had excellent appearance.The heat resistance of sucrose was improved in the hybrid.The hybrid fibers were amorphous and some micro-crystals of graphite were formed after they had been heated to 800 ℃.
Heuristic Approach in Ring Voltage Controlled Oscillator Design for V.C.O. Based Analog to Digital Conterters

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper introduces a procedure that relies on Computer Aided Design tools (industry compatible SPICE simulator and MATLAB) to get a first rapid design solution for a ring voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) that can be further analyzed and optimized for usage in a VCO based analog to digital converter (ADC). Due to the fact that linearity is a key performance metric of an ADC a special attention will be given to this characteristic during the design and for this matter control mechanism will be analyzed. To exemplify the design procedure two different delay cell topologies (simple inverter and pseudo-differential cross-coupled inverters) will be analyzed and designed in a 130 nm CMOS technology.