jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
“Meet the New Boss. Same as the Old Boss:” A Commentary on Williams, Wormith, Bonta, and Sitarenios (2017)

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This commentary on Williams et al. ( 2017 ) focuses on an additional and equally important issue not addressed in their critique: inter-rater reliability --particularly reliability in field settings. A growing body of evidence indicates that risk assessment instruments administered in applied (and especially adversarial) contexts may be considerably less stable across examiners than what typically is reported in well-controlled, peer-reviewed journal publications. Because reliability constrains validity, effect sizes from such published research may overestimate predictive validity in real-world contexts. Although validity evidence is important, field reliability remains “the boss” when considering how well an assessment procedure will perform in applied settings.
Freeze-Drying of Protein-Loaded Nanoparticles for Vaccine Delivery

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Conventional vaccines either use attenuated pathogens (live vaccines) or inactivated pathogens, such vaccines can be expensive, difficult to deploy, require a ‘cold chain’, may have side effects and require multiple doses for effective immunisation. Recent advances in the development of technology to delivery biologically active molecules in vivo have utilised nanoparticles for the in vivo delivery of drugs, nucleic acids, proteins and peptides; nanotechnology has a promising potential as a new platform technology for vaccine delivery. Nanoparticles allow controlled release of proteins and increase the vaccine stability with the possibility of eliminating cold chain storage. Freeze-drying of protein-loaded nanoparticles can be used to improve both the short and long-term stability of vaccine components. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the freeze-drying process itself with the aim of identifying current procedures and parameters that can impact the stability of the protein-loaded nanoparticles during and after freeze-drying. It also discusses the formulation strategies, nanoparticle stability and the importance of excipients during the freeze-drying process. This review will provide direction towards the successful integration of freeze-drying into the development of protein-based nanovaccines to further enhance the application of this emerging vaccine technology platform. Keywords: Protein, antigen, nanoparticles, freeze-drying/lyophilisation, cryo/lyoprotectant, vaccine delivery.
A Case for De-familiarizing 2 Corinthians

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

1. Introduction
2. Hearing Other Voices
3. Corinthians in Literary Overview
4. “Death in us; Life in you” : Our Sufferings, Your Comfort : the Apostle’s Self?Validation and the Death and Resurrection of Jesus Christ
5. Translation that Hears Other Voices
6. De-familiarizing Strategies
〈References〉
〈Abstract〉
Kinetics of the hydroformylation of soybean oil by ligand‐modified homogeneous rhodium catalysis

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The kinetics and mechanism of the hydroformylation of soybean oil by homogeneous ligand‐modified rhodium catalysts were investigated at 70–130°C and 4000–11,000 kPa. The effects of reaction rates on systematic variations in reaction parameters were evaluated in order to develop an industrial process to convert vegetable oils to polyaldehydes. The activation energies in the presence of triphenylphosphine (Ph 3 P) (61.1±0.8 kJ/mol) (mean±SD) and triphenyl phosphite [(PhO) 3 P] (77.4±5.0 kJ/mol) were determined. The catalyst was deactivated at temperatures higher than 100°C. An evaluation of the effects of the reaction parameters on initial rates yielded the rate laws for Ph 3 P {rate= k [olefin][Rh(CO) 2 Acac] 1.1 [Ph 3 P] −0.5 (pH 2 +pCO) 1.4 , where Rh(CO) 2 Acac is (acetylacetonato)dicarbonylrhodium (I)} and (PhO) 3 P {rate=[olefin] [Rh(CO) 2 Acac] 1.2 [(PhO) 3 P] −0.8 (pH 2 +pCO) 0.9 at total pressures lower than 7000 kPa, and rate =[olefin] [Rh(CO) 2 Acac] 1.2 [(PhO) 3 P] −0.8 (pH 2 +pCO) 1.7 at total pressures higher than 7000 kPa}.
Bulk soybean grain mass temperature in warehouses with isolated vents and vent-exhaust combined systems

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to compare the temperatures in the mass of bulk soybeans ( Glycine max ) in warehouses with isolated vents and vent-combined exhaustion. A completely randomized design was used, with two treatments and ten repetitions. Treatments consisted of warehouse with curved vents and warehouse with curved + static exhaust vents. Each repetition contained the average of all readings in three days in all cables of the warehouse part under study, totaling 10 repetitions per month. The variable analyzed was the temperature in the grain mass in the lower, middle and upper parts of the warehouse from January to May 2012. The environment temperature and humidity were also registered. Static hoods, along with curved vents on the roof of the warehouse showed a tendency to reduce the temperature of the soybean mass with decrease in environmental temperature and increase in relative environmental humidity.
Empirical Evidence and Earnings Tax Design: Lessons from the Mirrlees Review

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

How should evidence be used in the study of tax design? What is the appropriate balance between theory and empirics? These questions lay at the heart of the Mirrlees Review. Motivated by the aim to develop a broad set of principles for what makes a “good tax system,” the Review was an attempt to build a base for tax reform from the large body of economic theory and empirical evidence. It was inspired by the Meade Report (1978) with the idea to review tax design from first principles for modern open economies in general and for the United Kingdom in particular. The United Kingdom in the past 30 years would be the working laboratory.
Coaxial jets with swirl

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The near field of coaxial air jets, with swirl in the outer one, was investigated experimentally. Axial and azimuthal velocities were mapped using hot-wire anemometry, and static pressure measurements were obtained using a pitot tube. The flow was visualized using a double-pass schlieren system. The flow is sensitive to both the amount of swirl, characterized by the swirl number S, and the mass flow ratio between the outer and inner jets, mr. A necessary condition for recirculation to occur was that S > 0.58 and mr > 8.5. The magnitude of a pressure deficit in the centerline strongly depends on mr, while the existence of swirl appears to have a triggering effect on setting up this pressure gradient. Spectral analysis shows distinct characteristics dependent on the occurrence of recirculation. Because these features were observed upstream of the recirculation region, the vortex breakdown in this experiment may be related to flow instabilities.
The Effects of Behavioral Modification on Psychological Condition of Elementary School Teachers in Surabaya during Covid-19 Pandemic

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of behavioral modification on psychological wellbeing of elementary teachers of West Surabaya duringCovid 19 pandemic. The psychological condition was measured through Perceived Stress Scale (developed by Cohen et al, 1983). Thirty elementary teachers participated in this study. The design of this study was same subject pretest posttest group design. The psychological condition was measured through Perceived Stress Scale which consisted of 10 question. After that they were treated with knowledge of stress coping, day to day hygienic life, social distancing, better food choice, different types of physical exercise, online teaching and learning.One month later, the teachers took the Perceived Stress Scaleonce again. Data analysis showed that normality test of pretest p=.107 and posttest p=.179, so parametric statistics could be applied. Paired sample T test showed p=.036<.05, so there is a significant difference between pretest and posttest of teachers’ psychological conditions meaning that their psychological wellbeing is better after treatment.
Efficient Algorithms for Mining Frequent Itemsets with Constraint

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An important problem of interactive data mining is "to find frequent item sets contained in a subset C of set of all items on a given database". Reducing the database on C or incorporating it into an algorithm for mining frequent item sets (such as Charm-L, Eclat) and resolving the problem are very time consuming, especially when C is often changed. In this paper, we propose an efficient approach for mining them as follows. Firstly, it is necessary to mine only one time from database the class LGA containing the closed item sets together their generators. After that, when C is changed, the class of all frequent closed item sets and their generators on C is determined quickly from LGA by our algorithm MINE_CG_CONS. We obtain the algorithm MINE_FS_CONS to mine and classify efficiently all frequent item sets with constraint from that class. Theoretical results and the experiments proved the efficiency of our approach.
Structural design and dynamic simulation analysis of lower limb exoskeleton robot based on pneumatic muscle

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract With the aggravation of population aging, flexible exoskeleton, as an innovative wearable device, has broad application prospects and great development potential in many fields. In this paper, a lower limb flexible exoskeleton is designed based on pneumatic muscle, and its dynamic modeling is carried out by using the Lagrange method. The dynamic simulation of the exoskeleton is carried out by using ADAMS software, and the changes in joint angle, angular velocity and joint torque are obtained, which provides a theoretical basis for the selection of flexible lower limb exoskeleton pneumatic muscle and the design of control system.
Contradicting a myth: good turbo codes with large memory order

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to contradict a common myth about turbo codes. We are specifically addressing R=1/3 parallel-concatenated codes using systematic, recursive constituent codes. Myth: Turbo codes consisting of constituent codes with large memory order (i.e., a large number of trellis states) are not as effective as the original Berrou-Glavieux-Thitimajshima turbo code (1993) in the waterfall region of small signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). This myth is contradicted by a turbo code whose recursive constituent codes have 256 states. Decoding this turbo code with the BCJR APP decoder gives bit-error-rate (BER) and frame-error-rate (FER) performance better than the original (Berrou) turbocode at all SNRs.
An x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of some chromium–oxygen systems

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A series of pure and mixed chromium standards has been analysed by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy in order to obtain a sufficiently homogeneous and self‐consistent set of spectral parameters to be used in the resolution of complex spectra. Additional information was obtained about the stability of the various species under Ar ion bombardment. The results relevant to potassium chromate and dichromate, chromous acid, chromium (III) oxide, hydroxide and nitrate are described and compared critically with those in the published literature.
Ẓefat, Ramat Razim (South), Survey

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

During November 2009 and April-June 2010, an archaeological survey was conducted in Ramat Razim (South) in Zefat (License Nos. S-148/2009, S-181/2010; map ref. 24800/76175), prior to construction. The survey, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and underwritten by the Ministry of Construction and Housing and the Yeffe Nof Transportation and Infrastructures Company, Ltd., was directed by Y. Stepansky and H. Bron, with the assistance of G. Cinamon, B. Stepansky and A. Shapiro (GPS).
Excitation of geodesic acoustic mode in toroidal plasmas

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The instability of the geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) in tokamak turbulence is analysed. It can be caused by dynamic shearing of the ambient turbulence by GAMs combined with the poloidal inhomogeneity of the turbulent flux. The dispersion relation is derived. The competition between the drive mechanism and the damping by turbulence viscosity is discussed. GAMs are more unstable for high safety factors.
Pathways to Psychiatric Help among Tribal Patients with Mental Disorders in India

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A BSTRACT Background: The pathways of mental illness treatments are mostly uncertain. Previous studies have agreed on sociodemographic and cultural factors in determining a patient’s and their family’s health-seeking pathways. Methods: However, the present study aims to understand the health-seeking pathways of less explored tribal population and their path of resorting to medical professionals. Fifty tribal patients were selected from the Department of Psychiatry, Ispat General Hospital, Rourkela, Odisha, India, through a convenience sampling technique. A structured interview schedule was used to record the respondent’s responses. Results: Results came up with 90% of tribal patients visit medical professionals for a speedy recovery, whereas 82% of patients and their families believe in the easy availability of traditional healers, and 55% think that allopathy is unsuccessful in treating mental illness. Conclusions: Thus, it makes traditional healers the first choice of treatment. Future studies should try to bring traditional and medical practitioners under one roof to ascertain the patient recovery rate and contribution in removing patient’s load from tertiary care.
903Diabetes in Asia—Juliana CN Chan Editorial Diabetes in Asia – From Understanding to Action

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the present pandemic of diabetes and obesity, 60 % of the affected population will come from Asia.1 Between India and China, these two most populous nations will contribute more than 100 million to the world’s population of people with diabetes, many of whom remain undiagnosed, untreated or suboptimally managed.2,3 Adding to this disease burden is the predominant increase in disease prevalence in the young-to-middle aged groups, with its implications for premature mortality, quality of life and societal productivity.1,4,5 This rising trend of early-onset chronic disease is further fuelled by the increasing prevalence of obesity and the metabolic syndrome in Asian children and adolescents, many of whom already harbour subclinical atherosclerosis and albuminuria, a powerful predictor for cardio-renal complications.6-8
Metodi di stima dell'economia sommersa: una rassegna

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The shadow economy is an embarrassed subject for economists. They find it difficult to define and to measure, since it takes very different forms and the relevant information is deliberately concealed. Indeed, this aspect is evident by reading the empirical literature upon this topic: frequently, researches produce extremely diverse estimates of the underground economy in the same country and in the same period, depending on the definitions and the method that they use. This survey try to answer two questions: What must be defined the underground economy? How can we estimate the size of the shadow economy? The term "shadow economy" comprises numerous economic activities therefore it is difficult to provide a formal definition. A brief overview on these different classifications is synthesized in the paper: definitional or behavioural approach and the definition proposed by ISTAT of the "Non Observed Economy". The main part of the paper is devoted to present a survey on techniques used in order to estimate the shadow economy. The research subdivides in three categories the econometric methodologies: direct and indirect method, model approach. The statistical procedure, the main results and the principal critiques opposite in the literature are pointed out. Particular attention is paid to the Model approach (or MIMIC method), in order to explain the recent appeal of this approach among the scholars. The research ends with some general conclusions about the reliability of these techniques. Unfortunately, these techniques are often based on too strong assumptions and further improvements are not only possible but necessary, to assign sufficient reliability to the estimates of the underground economy.
Comparison of aggregate gradation and mixture physical properties to performance tests of coarse-graded Superpave mixtures in Louisiana

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A comparison of laboratory performance tests of coarse-graded Superpave HMA mixtures in Louisiana with physical properties of mixtures including volumetrics, aggregate gradation analysis, and field performance was presented. Eight Superpave HMA mixtures were evaluated. Six of the eight mixtures were designed for high-volume traffic (> 30 million ESAL), while the other two mixtures were designed for low-volume traffic (< 3 million ESAL). Theses mixtures includes two aggregate types: limestone and sandstone, and two binder types: PG 70-22M and PG 76-22M. The results of the power law regression analyses showed that high volume mixtures are coarser than low volume ones. High-volume mixtures had higher indirect tensile (IT) strengths when compared to those of low-volume mixtures. High-volume mixtures exhibited lower creep slopes than low-volume mixtures. Gradation parameters were quite sensitive to the IT creep slope. Parabolic correlations were observed between the IT and axial creep tests and gradation analysis slopes and intercept, indicating that gradation parameters are sensitive to the creep properties of asphalt mixtures. This is an abstract of a paper presented at the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists 2004 Technology Sessions (Baton Rouge, LA 3/10-18/2004).
RF-BASED LOCALIZATION (WIFI RTT/LORA) IN UNDERGROUND QUARRYING FOR AGENT SUPERVISION AND MAPPING APPLICATIONS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Mining and quarrying industry has recently made a shift towards underground exploitation as a viable alternative to traditional open-pit approaches. Thus, emerged the imperative need for localization systems for personnel safety and operations’ monitoring purposes. While there are many approaches taking advantage of the various signals of opportunity (SoO) supported by Internet of Things (IoT) for indoor and underground navigation, the need for a GNSS alternative in such areas is still present in terms of meeting system and user requirements (scale, cost, availability, accuracy, and integrity). The goal of this research is to provide insights regarding different Radio Frequency (RF) technologies operation and evaluate their positioning capabilities (Wi-Fi, BLE and LoRa) in underground industrial facilities such as quarries and mines, following and expanding the tests of previous studies in controlled environment. Furthermore, the multi-sensory approach that this study is pursuing, aims to provide the foundations of a low-cost, scalable and robust positioning system. This system would integrate the characteristics of the aforementioned technologies in order to meet the application-specific user requirements and set the basis for a more efficient mobile mapping system. In this context, technologies’ characterization and comparison is presented, by using data from a real operating underground quarry. The data gathered lead to the conceptualization of the localization scheme, which besides the SoO observables, utilizes their availability status as an additional feature within the quarry as well. The proposed combined approach outperformed the rest, achieving an accuracy bellow 15m for the 85% of the test data, which is sufficient for typical quarrying operations monitoring and management requirements.
The new, race-free, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Consortium (CKD-EPI) equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate: is it applicable in Europe? A position statement by the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The EFLM recommends not to implement the race-free Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Consortium (CKD-EPI) equation in European laboratories and to keep the 2009 version of the CKD-EPI equation, without applying a race correction factor. This recommendation is completely in line with a recent Editorial published by the European Renal Association who has also proposed to change to a novel equation only when it has considerably better performance, trying to reach global consensus before implementing such a new glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation equation. In Europe, this equation could be for instance the new European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) equation, which is population-specific, developed from European cohorts and accurate from infants to the older old. Beyond serum creatinine, the estimating equations based on cystatin C will probably gain in popularity, especially because cystatin C seems independent of race. Finally, we must keep in mind that all GFR equations remain an estimation of GFR, especially rough at the individual level. Measuring GFR with a reference method, such as iohexol clearance, remains indicated in specific patients and/or specific situations, and here also, the role of the clinical laboratories is central and should still evolve positively in the future.
Responses of foliar phosphorus fractions to soil age are diverse along a 2 Myr dune chronosequence

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary Plants respond to soil phosphorus (P) availability by adjusting leaf P among inorganic P (Pi) and organic P fractions (nucleic acids, phospholipids, small metabolites and a residual fraction). We tested whether phylogenetically divergent plants in a biodiversity hotspot similarly adjust leaf P allocation in response to P limitation by sampling along a 2 Myr chronosequence in southwestern Australia where nitrogen (N) limitation transitions to P limitation with increasing soil age. Total P and N, and P allocated to five chemical fractions were determined for photosynthetic organs from Melaleuca systena (Myrtaceae), Acacia rostellifera (Fabaceae) and Hakea prostrata (Proteaceae). Soil characteristics were also determined. Acacia rostellifera maintained phyllode total P and N concentrations at c . 0.5 and 16 mg g −1 DW, respectively, with a constant P‐allocation pattern along the chronosequence. H. prostrata leaves allocated less P to Pi, phospholipids and nucleic acids with increasing soil age, while leaf N concentration was constant. M. systena had the greatest variation in allocating leaf P, whereas leaf N concentration decreased 20% along the chronosequence. Variation in P‐allocation patterns was only partially conserved among species along the chronosequence. Such variation could have an impact on species distribution and contribute to species richness in P‐limited environments.