jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Energy Management in Smart Cities

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Models and simulators have been widely used in urban contexts for many decades. The drawback of most current models is that they are normally designed for specific objectives, so the elements considered are limited and they do not take into account the potential synergies between related systems. The necessity of a framework to model complex smart city systems with a comprehensive smart city model has been remarked by many authors. Therefore, this PhD thesis presents: i) a general conceptual framework for the modelling of energy related activities in smart cities, based on determining the spheres of influence and intervention areas within the city, and on identifying agents and potential synergies among systems, and ii) the development of a holistic energy model of a smart city for the assessment of different courses of action, given its geo-location, regulatory and technical constraints, and current energy markets. This involves the creation of an optimization model that permits the optimal planning and operation of energy resources within the city. In addition, several analyses were carried out to explore different hypothesis for the smart city energy model, including: a) an assessment of the importance of including network thermal constraints in the planning and operation of DER systems at a low voltage distribution level, b) an analysis of aggregator’s market modelling approaches and the impact on prices due to DER aggregation levels, and c) an analysis of synergies between different systems in a smart city context. Some of the main findings are: It is sensible to not consider network thermal constraints in the planning of DER systems. Results showed that the benefit decrement of considering network constraints was approximatively equivalent to the cost of reinforcing the network when necessary after planning without considering network constraints. The level of aggregation affects the planning and overall benefits of DER systems. Also, price-maker approaches could be more appropriate for the planning and operation of energy resources for medium to large aggregation sizes, but could be unnecessary for small sizes, with low expected impact on the market price. Synergies between different energy systems exist in an interconnected smart city context. Results showed that the overall benefits of a joint management of systems were greater than those of the independently managed systems. Lastly, the smart city energy model was applied to a case study simulating a real smart city implementation, considering five real districts in the southern area of Madrid, Spain. This analysis allowed to assess the potential benefits of the implementation of a real smart city programme, and showed how the proposed smart city energy model could be used for the planning of pilot projects. To the best of our knowledge, such a smart city energy model and modelling framework had not been developed and applied yet, and no economic results in terms of the potential benefits of such a smart city initiative had been previously reported.
Linear algebra computations in heterogeneous systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

One of the main challenges of using heterogeneous systems results from the need to find the computation-to-hardware assignments that maximize the overall application performance. The important computational factors that must be taken into account include algorithmic complexity, exploitable parallelism, memory bandwidth requirements, and data size. To achieve high performance, a hardware platform is chosen to satisfy the needs of a computation with corresponding architectural features such as clock speed, number of parallel computational units, and memory bandwidth. In this paper five linear algebra computations that are commonly found in compute-intensive applications are selected and evaluated in terms of performance on CPU, GPU, and FPGA platforms across a wide range of data sizes. The results are used to provide guidelines to help select the best performing hardware platform based on the computational factors. Using a cutting edge signal processing application as a case study, we demonstrate the importance of making computation assignments for improved performance. Our experimental results show that a properly implemented heterogeneous system achieves a speedup of up to 39x and 3.8x compared to CPU-only and GPU-only systems respectively.
Persicaria minor (Huds.) Opiz Exhibits Antihypertensive Effects by Inhibiting the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme/Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Pathway in Human Endothelial Cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Overactivation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)/angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) pathway leads to vasoconstriction and elevated blood pressure. Persicaria minor (Huds.) Opiz is an herbal plant known for its antioxidant, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-atherosclerotic properties, with bioactive compounds that exhibit antihypertensive effects. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antihypertensive effects of the standardized aqueous extract of P. minor leaf (AEPM) through the ACE/AT1R pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). HUVECs were stimulated with PMA to induce ACE, with or without AEPM or captopril treatment, for 24 h. Subsequently, ACE mRNA expression, ACE protein levels, ACE activity, angiotensin II levels, and AT1R expression were measured. The results demonstrated that AEPM treatment significantly reduced ACE mRNA expression, ACE protein levels, ACE activity, angiotensin II levels, and AT1R expression in PMA-induced HUVECs. The modulatory effects of AEPM on the ACE/AT1R pathway were comparable to those of captopril. Ex vivo experiments further confirmed that AEPM reduced the contraction responses of rat aortic rings to PMA. In conclusion, P. minor effectively inhibits the ACE/AT1R pathway in PMA-induced HUVECs, suggesting its potential as a natural antihypertensive agent.
The Search-o-Sort Theory

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the modern era of informatics, where data are very important, efficient management of data is necessary and critical. Two of the most important data management techniques are searching and data ordering (technically sorting). Traditional sorting algorithms work in quadratic time Ox2, and in the optimized cases, they take linearithmic time Ox·logx, with no existing method surpass this lower bound, given arbitrary data, i.e., ordering a list of cardinality x in Ox·logx−ϵ(x)∀ϵ(x)>0. This research proposes Search-o-Sort, which reinterprets sorting in terms of searching, thereby offering a new framework for ordering arbitrary data. The framework is applied to classical search algorithms,–Linear Search, Binary Search (in general, k-ary Search), and extended to more optimized methods such as Interpolation and Jump Search. The analysis suggests theoretical pathways to reduce the computational complexity of sorting algorithms, thus enabling algorithmic development based on the proposed viewpoint.
Linea Nigra and Gynaecomastia as Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Linea nigra and gynaecomastia are presumably markers of estrogen function and impaired androgen receptor activity in certain disease conditions. Since prostate cancer (PCa) is androgen-dependent, Linea nigra (LN) and gynaecomastia could be potentially non-invasive modalities used in the risk assessment of patients during screening and diagnosis for prostate cancer. Objectives: This study aims to determine the relationship between prostate cancer with Linea nigra and gynaecomastia. Methods: This is a comparative descriptive cross-sectional study on forty patients, twenty with benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) and twenty with PCa, who presented to the urology outpatient department or were admitted to the urology ward of the hospital. A proforma data collection sheet collated demographic information, clinical presentation, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, and Linea nigra and gynecomastia presence. The data obtained were analyzed using the SPSS Version 25 software. Chi-square and Spearmanâs Rank analysis was used to test for association and relationship at a 95% confidence interval, with a pResults: The mean age was 71.0250 ± 11.01years, ranging from 39 to 96years. Linea nigra was seen in two (5%) and absent in thirty-eight (95%) of all the patients. The modal age range was the 70-79-year group, and none had linea nigra. Gynaecomastia was seen in four (10%) and absent in thirty-six (90%) of the patients. One patient in the age range of 50-59years, two in the 60-69years range and one in the 80-89 age range had gynaecomastia. A patient with BPE and three with PCa had gynaecomastia. There was no statistically significant association or relationship between gynaecomastia and prostate cancer. There was a significant association between gynaecomastia and PSA (p=0.008) but none between PSA and Linea nigra. Conclusion: Our study shows no statistically significant association between Linea nigra and gynaecomastia with prostate cancer. There is an association between gynaecomastia and PSA that require further evaluation. More extensive studies are needed to elucidate any relationships.
Mouse model for acute Epstein–Barr virus infection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Significance Epstein–Barr Virus infects human B cells and drives them into proliferation and transformation. Although more than 90% of the human population is EBV-infected, EBV-driven pathologies including B-cell lymphomas are limited by a potent T-cell immune response. Here, we present a mouse model for acute EBV infection through conditional expression of two key EBV proteins, LMP1 and LMP2A. This model reproduces EBV-driven B-cell expansion, T-cell–mediated immune surveillance of EBV-infected B cells, and fatal lymphoproliferative disease when the T-cell response is compromised as in immunosuppressed or genetically impaired patients. It thus allows one to study EBV–host interaction functionally and from an angle that should help to develop new therapies for EBV-driven hematological diseases.
Mapping the Proteomic Landscape of Congenital Aortic Valve Stenosis Using a Notch1;Gata5 Mutant Mouse Model

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Congenital aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is a severe form of congenital heart disease, accounting for 3–6% of cases. Characterized by malformed aortic valves that obstruct blood flow, AVS can potentially lead to heart failure or death without timely surgical intervention. Current treatments rely on catheter or surgical interventions, often multiple, due to a limited understanding of its molecular basis. To address this gap, we leveraged our Notch1+/-;Gata5-/- AVS mouse model and performed proteomic analysis of aortic valves at postnatal day 10 using HPLC-MS. Our aim was to identify early molecular changes, clinically relevant biomarkers, and potential therapeutic targets. A healthy aortic valve is composed of three distinct extracellular matrix (ECM) layers with valve interstitial cells (VICs) interspersed within them, and valve endothelial cells lining the surface. VICs play a key role in synthesizing ECM components that preserve valve structure and function. We detected significant alterations in 364 proteins, with ~9% involved in ECM organization, supporting impaired valve remodeling in AVS. Notably, integrin proteins, which are associated with TGF-β signaling and ECM remodeling, were significantly elevated in mutant valves and are linked to VIC activation. The additional finding of dysregulated smooth muscle markers suggests aberrant activation driving maladaptive valve thickening. Network analysis further identified CTNNB1 as a potential upstream regulator, suggesting activation of the Wnt signaling pathway, a possible driver of aberrant ECM synthesis. Together, these findings provide insight into early molecular changes in congenital AVS and identify candidate pathways for biomarker development and therapeutic intervention.
The citrus and fruit belt of southern Arizona

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Oand cheap ; where the soil is rich, lasting and wonderfully prolific ; where bounteous nature renders the greatest return for labor ; where varied resources are being rapidly developed ; where excellent edu- cational facilities are ever at hand ; where railroads will bring to his door the luxuries of life and transport to market the produce of his farm ; where neither cyclone, blizzard nor winter blast is known, but the balmy, pure dry and life-giving air restores and preserves health, imparting vigor to brain and muscle ; where schools, churches, news- papers, society, intelligence and refinement abide and a rich territory is developing into a great and prosperous State.CLIMATE 'HE climate of Southern Arizona, is unsurpassed by that of any part of the United States.It is destined to be the great health resort and sanitarium of the continent.The f^] statistics of the various military posts in Arizona, show that they are the healthiest in the Union.It is attested by the signal service of the United States that in the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys of California, the average temperature is higher than in any part of Arizona.The summer heat is never so oppressive as it is in the cities of New York or St. Louis, while fogs and mists are unknown.The atmosphere is warm, but it is so dry, clear and light that the heat does not oppress.
Robert E. Park and the Theoretical Content of Chicago Sociology: 1920–1940*

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Drawing on the entire body of Robert E. Park's work published in the period 1921–1944, this paper describes his general theoretical system at three points in time: in 1921, between 1922 and 1929, and from 1930 to 1944. Park refined and altered his general theory of society over this period partly because of ambiguities in his original 1921 formulation and partly because of pressure from changing social and intellectual milieux. Park is treated as the leading theorist of the Chicago School of Sociology, and this account of his theoretical system is used as a base for assessing the validity of five different contemporary claims about the theoretical contributions of the Chicago School of Sociology.
Inequalities in primary and secondary healthcare use among people living with dementia in England

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Population Medicine considers the following types of articles:• Research Papers -reports of data from original research or secondary dataset analyses.• Review Papers -comprehensive, authoritative, reviews within the journal's scope.These include both systematic reviews and narrative reviews.• Short Reports -brief reports of data from original research.• Policy Case Studies -brief articles on policy development at a regional or national level.• Study Protocols -articles describing a research protocol of a study.• Methodology Papers -papers that present different methodological approaches that can be used to investigate problems in a relevant scientific field and to encourage innovation.• Methodology Papers -papers that present different methodological approaches that can be used to investigate problems in a relevant scientific field and to encourage innovation.
Effect of Stratification and Hastening Germination on Seedling Emergence and Height of Corylus heterophylla Fisch

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In view of the difficulties in Corylus heterophylla Fisch seeds germination,nine treatments that included two factors,stratification and gibberellin concentration,in which 0 d,30 d,60 d stratification days and 0 mg·kg-1,80 mg·kg-1,120 mg·kg-1 kinds of gibberellin concentrations were used to study on Corylus heterophylla Fisch seeds' stratification and hastening germination.The results showed that stratification could get rid of the seeds' dormancy,and the treatments with 60 d stratification and 80 mg·kg-1 gibberellin concentration showed the best effect on seedling emergence and height.Stratification was better than gibbevellin on seedling emergence.The combination of stratification and gibberellin application could get more effective result than only use gibberellin in promoting Corylus heterophylla Fisch seeds' germination and the seedlings' growth.
Data Stewards Network of the University of Lausanne (UNIL)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Presentation of the University of Lausanne (UNIL, Switzerland) Data Stewards Network. Presentation given on 6 June 2024 as part of the WP4 "Data Stewardship Coordinators" Node of the Swiss Research Data Support Network (SRDSN) national project funded by swissuniversities.
Populism, monopoly, and the urban liberal–rural populist coalition

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The chapter traces the political history of anti-monopoly from the late 1800s until the 1960s, examining the political coalitions that were formed between urban liberals and rural populists. It discloses that mid-twentieth century growth liberalism meant the demise of anti-monopolism with urban liberals, thereby pushing rural populists out of the Democratic Party. In charting histories, the chapter reveals populism's protean character and performative possibilities, demonstrating their inflections are shaped by complex historical circumstances.
Exploring the Nexus between Geopolitics and Intervention for Human Protection Purposes: Lessons from the Southern African Development Community (SADC) Responses to the Humanitarian Crisis in Zimbabwe

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article seeks to discuss the connection between geopolitics and the new United Nations (UN) norm for intervention for human protection purposes, known as the Responsibility to Protect (R2P), by examining the Southern African Development Community's (SADC's) responses to the humanitarian crisis in Zimbabwe. Factoring a geopolitical dimension to the Zimbabwe crisis is necessary to understand why the country's economic and political turmoil became internationalised and, by implication, a policy responsibility for SADC. Zimbabwe represents a case where the SADC was/is still reluctant and hesitant to lead the international community into fully operationalising the R2P. It is argued that the lack of implementation (or only partial implementation) of R2P by the SADC bloc is a result of geopolitical imperatives such as economic interests, shared liberation war experiences, unresolved colonial inequalities and the fact that the region's governments venerate the principles of state sovereignty and non-interference to the detriment of good governance and human rights observation. It is further argued that SADC's blind solidarity with the government of Zimbabwe has misled the international community into believing that the crisis is a geopolitical matter that can be contained and resolved by regional solutions.
OCCURRENCE OF SHIGELLA SPECIES IN RAW MILK AND KAREISH CHEESE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS VIRULENCE GENES

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A total number of 100 random samples of raw milk and kareish cheese (50 for each) were collected from Assiut city farms and dairy shops. Shigella species were isolated, confirmed biochemically and by using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Also two virulence genes; invasive gene (invC) and plasmid- encoded virulence gene (ipaH) were identified using PCR technique. 10 isolated strains of Shigella isolates (37%) from dairy milk samples and 13 isolates (43%) from kareish cheese were identified as following: S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. sonnei and S. boydii. The two virulence genes; (invC) and (ipaH) were detected in only six and four strains of the identified Shigella species, respectively. Four of them had both the virulence genes (isolated from milk and cheese samples). Even though conventional culture is considered the gold standard for Shigella detection and the PCR method is a useful tool which complements detection of foodborne pathogens such as Shigella. Chitosan was evaluated in this study as antibacterial substance on the identified Shigella strains by inoculating it in pasteurized milk, using 3 different concentrations: 0.25, 0.5 and 1% of chitosan. Chitosan reduced the inoculated Shigella strain mean counts with highly significant effect (P<0.01) at the 6th day reached to 2.10 ±0.17, 1.00 ±0.30 and th day we noticed that chitosan concentration of 0.5% only was highly significant (P<0.05). Generally, the 0.5% chitosan concentration showed the highly reduction effect on the count and survival of the Shigella strain involved.
Examples of Lactic-Fermented Foods of the African Continent

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The fermentation of food raw materials offers numerous benefits, several of which are vital for survival and safe nutrition of populations in traditional communities. The frequency of bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacteria in African fermented foods appears to lie within the same range. The most important benefits of fermented foods are in several ways related to the gastrointestinal tract and our well-being, and are associated with lactic fermentations. Lactic acid fermentation is probably the oldest and best accepted among the African peoples, and is largely a home-based process throughout the African continent. A pure lactic-fermented maize gruel that is well known and appreciated throughout Southern Africa is mahewu. In Africa, cassava is the major root crop processed by lactic fermentation, providing a wide range of safe products such as gari, fufu, and lafun or kokonte, common throughout West Africa, and kivunde and cingwada in East Africa.
An Investigation on Metaphorical Perceptions of Gifted Students towards the Concepts of Social Studies Course, Social Studies Teacher, and Science and Arts Center

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study is to identify metaphorical perceptions of thegifted students enrolled in Science and Art Center (BILSEM) towards theconcepts of Social Studies course, Social Studies teacher, and BILSEM. In linewith this aim, gifted students were asked to produce metaphors about theconcepts of Social Studies course, Social Studies teacher and BILSEM. Thisstudy adopted a phenomenological approach, which is one of the qualitativeresearch methods, and the data were collected through metaphors. The study wascarried out with 49 students (29females, 20 males). The students were administered a form that includedincomplete sentences such as “Social Studies course is like... because...”,“Social Studies teacher is like...because...” and “BILSEM islike...because...”. The collected data were analyzed using content analysismethods. Results show that gifted students who are enrolled in BILSEM havepositive attitudes towards the concepts of Social Studies course, SocialStudies teacher, and BILSEM.
Consumption, liquidity and the cross-sectional variation of expected returns

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Recent papers in asset pricing have added a market-wide liquidity factor to traditional portfolio-based or factor models. However, none of these papers has reported any evidence on how aggregate liquidity behaves together with consumption growth risk. This paper covers this gap by providing a comprehensive analysis of the cross-sectional variation of average returns under ultimate consumption risk and market-wide illiquidity shocks. It derives closed-form expressions for consumption-based stochastic discount factors adjusted by aggregate illiquidity shocks and tests alternative model specifications. We find that market-wide illiquidity risk seems to be especially useful in explaining the size-based cross-sectional differences of average returns. We also find a strongly negative and highly significant illiquidity risk premium under recursive preferences for the first quarter of the year suggesting a time-varying behaviour of the market-wide illiquidity premium.