jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The fine structure of an absorptive epithelium in a viviparous teleost

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Embryos of the viviparous teleost, “ Characodon” eiseni , have unusual anal processes that function only during gestation and are lost shortly after birth. This study was undertaken to determine if the fine structure of the process epithelium supports the assumption that these cells have an absorptive function. The process epithelium is a single layer of columnar cells. At peak activity intercellular spaces become very large and isolate individual cells which simultaneously lose much of their cell mass. The cells are characterized by microvilli on their free surface, much pinocytic activity and by the formation of at least four different kinds of vesicles. There is much evidence that these vesicles fuse together. A distinctive characteristic of these cells is a system of tubules and flattened cisternae that somewhat resemble the endoplasmic reticulum yet they differ from it in several respects. It is suggested these profiles aid in fragmenting the cell at periods of peak absorptive activity, thereby increasing the cell surface. Possible mechanisms of food absorption are considered. The fine structure of these cells supports the contention that these embryonic processes serve as absorptive organs during gestation.
Development and application of active aging scale for rural older adults living alone

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background The issue of active aging among older adults living alone in rural areas is becoming increasingly complex worldwide, and China is no exception. However, more specialized assessment tools are needed to evaluate active aging in this population. This study aims to develop and validate an active aging scale for rural older adults living alone (AAS-ROALA) in China, providing a theoretical foundation for research in this area. Methods The scale was developed in three phases—a preliminary version, a test version, and a final refined version—a cross-sectional survey of 480 rural older adults living alone in two cities in China in April and May 2024. The scale was tested for item analysis, content validity, structural validity, and internal reliability via a cross-sectional survey design. Results The newly developed scale has thirty-two items across five dimensions: independent autonomy, self-regulation, active participation, economic security, and collaborative assistance. The I-CVI ranged from 0.813–1.000, and the S-CVI/Ave was 0.929. EFA identified five factors with a cumulative variance of 61.60%. The CFA showed a good model fit. The Cronbach’s α, McDonald’s ω, split-half coefficient, and retest reliability for the total scale were 0.928, 0.935, 0.815, and 0.874, respectively. Conclusion The findings show that the AAS-ROALA is a valid and appropriate instrument to inform in-depth studies of active aging among rural older adults living alone.
Chloramine Salt Mediated Oxidative Halogenation of Terminal Alkynes with KI or NaBr: Practical Synthesis of 1-Bromoalkynes and 1-Iodoalkynes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A direct oxidative halogenation of terminal alkynes has been realized using chloramine-B as the oxidant and KI or NaBr as the halogen source. This reaction enables a general and practical access to synthetically valuable 1-bromoalkynes and 1-iodoalkynes in good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions.
Effects of the Intestinal Microbiota on Behavior and Brain Biochemistry

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Increasing evidence is emerging about the influence of the gut microbiota on the brain-gut axis, which has led to the concept of the brain-gut-enteric microbiota axis. In order to study this signaling mechanism, a number of approaches have been used involving animal models which examine the influence of the microbiota on brain function as discussed below. This review focuses on the influence of the gut microbiota on the gut-brain axis, bioactive metabolite production, and the use of probiotics to modulate metabolism and behavior.
ATTITUDE TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE ENTREPRENEURSHIP AMONG STUDENTS: TESTING A MEASUREMENT SCALE

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The overwhelming goal of the research is to evaluate the attitudes and behaviours of youth towards sustain-ability issues and sustainable entrepreneurship. The current paper reflects the results of the first research stage and aims at testing a measurement scale that consists of three groups of items: 1) statements about environmental attitudes and behaviours, 2) general intention to start a sustainable business, 3) intention to start a social business in the field of the circular economy. The reliability analysis to measure the internal consistency of the scale was performed in SPSS environment, using Cronbach alpha. A focus group discussion was organized among business students to evaluate the perceived quality of the questionnaire.
Anionic Polysaccharide Cryogels: Interaction and In Vitro Behavior of Alginate–Gum Arabic Composites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In the present study, polysaccharide-based cryogels demonstrate their potential to mimic a synthetic extracellular matrix. Alginate-based cryogel composites with different gum arabic ratios were synthesized by an external ionic cross-linking protocol, and the interaction between the anionic polysaccharides was investigated. The structural features provided by FT-IR, Raman, and MAS NMR spectra analysis indicated that a chelation mechanism is the main process linking the two biopolymers. In addition, SEM investigations revealed a porous, interconnected, and well-defined structure suitable as a scaffold in tissue engineering. The in vitro tests confirmed the bioactive character of the cryogels through the development of the apatite layer on the surface of the samples after immersion in simulated body fluid, identifying the formation of a stable phase of calcium phosphate and a small amount of calcium oxalate. Cytotoxicity tests performed on fibroblast cells demonstrated the non-toxic effect of alginate–gum arabic cryogel composites. In addition, an increase in flexibility was noted for samples with a high gum arabic content, which determines an appropriate environment to promote tissue regeneration. The newly obtained biomaterials that exhibit all these properties can be successfully involved in the regeneration of soft tissues, wound management, or controlled drug release systems.
Analysis of ESTs for alternatively spliced 3′ and 5′ splice sites reveals optimal exon size in vertebrates

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In vertebrates most exons are small surrounded by much larger introns. Due to this architecture, splice sites are initially recognized across the exon in what is known as exon definition. Here we examine the relative usage of 3,000 pairs of alternative 3′ splice sites and 2,000 pairs of alternative 5′ splice sites in the human genome. We find that within an optimal exon length window >50 <250 nts, there is a positive correlation between splice site strength and splice site usage. However, when one splice site is located inside of this exon length and the other is not, the splice site inside of the optimal exon length is preferred regardless of splice site strength. Our analysis reveals that splice sites within an optimal exon size are preferentially used when compared to splice sites outside of this optimal size. We conclude that a constraint of exon size is a fundamental parameter that dictates splice site usage. Because the spliceosome eventually forms across the intron, it is believed that intron definition is the predominant mode of splice site recognition for introns smaller than 250 nucleotides in length. However, in a subset of our alternative splice sites, in which one splice site is exon defined and the other is intron defined, the exon defined splice site is preferentially used, suggesting that exon recognition is the default mode of splice site recognition in vertebrates. NIH
NEW SPECIES OF GREEN ALGAE

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This species is intermediate between the two divisions of the genus : Conjugata (Vauch.)Hansg.and Salmacis (Bory.)Hansg.This fact together with its aplanosporic habit of reproduction, and the quadrate form of the inflation of the fertile cells, make it a species of peculiar interest.Thus far it has been recorded from the dam at Urban Park, Charleston, 111., during
The Impact of Central Blood Pressure Levels on the Relationship Between Oscillometric and Central Blood Pressure Measurements: A Multicenter Invasive Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to investigate impact of central blood pressure ( BP) levels and sex on the difference between central and upper arm oscillometric BP values. Oscillometric arterial BP measurements of 675 patients were simultaneously compared with values measured from the ascending aorta. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to systolic BP levels. The upper arm oscillometric device overestimated systolic BP ( SBP) at low and medium BP levels but it underestimated SBP at high BP level. As for the effect of sex on differences in central and oscillometric BP , SBP was overestimated to a lesser degree in women than in men at low BP levels, but it was more highly underestimated in women than in men at high BP levels. The difference between oscillometric upper arm BP and aortic BP was directly affected by the patient's central BP level. In addition, the difference between central and oscillometric BP was also affected by sex factor.
Alternative Name Douglas hawthorn

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

It is a large shrub or small tree that can grow to thirty-five feet tall, with straight, strong but few thorns ranging from 0.5 to 1 inch long. Stems are usually clustered from the base or from a point just above the ground surface. Leaves are smooth, long, broad, dark green, shiny, and serrated at the tip. Flowers are globe-shaped and in small clusters produced in the spring. Its fruits are dark reddishpurple to black. Distribution: Crataegus douglasii, black hawthorn, is widespread in the Pacific Northwest, from
Systematic review of knowledge, confidence and education in nutritional genomics for students and professionals in nutrition and dietetics

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background This review examines knowledge and confidence of nutrition and dietetics professionals in nutritional genomics and evaluates the teaching strategies in this field within nutrition and dietetics university programmes and professional development courses internationally. Methods A systematic search of 10 literature databases was conducted from January 2000 to December 2012 to identify original research. Any studies of either nutrition and/or dietetics students or dietitians/nutritionists investigating current levels of knowledge or confidence in nutritional genomics, or strategies to improve learning and/or confidence in this area, were eligible. Results Eighteen articles (15 separate studies) met the inclusion criteria. Three articles were assessed as negative, eight as neutral and seven as positive according to the American Dietetics Association Quality Criteria Checklist. The overall ranking of evidence was low. Dietitians have low involvement, knowledge and confidence in nutritional genomics, and evidence for educational strategies is limited and methodologically weak. Conclusions There is a need to develop training pathways and material to up‐skill nutrition and/or dietetics students and nutrition and/or dietetics professionals in nutritional genomics through multidisciplinary collaboration with content area experts. There is a paucity of high quality evidence on optimum teaching strategies; however, methods promoting repetitive exposure to nutritional genomics material, problem‐solving, collaborative and case‐based learning are most promising for university and professional development programmes.
Modifying real convolutional codes for protecting digital filtering systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A method is presented for protecting the overall realization of digital filters implemented with very dense high-speed electronic devices against both hard and soft errors at the data sample level using the error-detecting properties of real convolutional codes. The normal filter system is surrounded with parallel parity channels defined by a real systematic rate k/n convolutional code. Erroneous behavior is detected by comparing externally the calculated and regenerated parity samples. Significant complexity reductions are possible by modifying the code structure, without loss of error protection, yielding simplified parity channels with finite impulse response (FIR) structures with computational rates decimated by k. The code modification procedure is described. The code modification process has been automated in a computer algorithm. The effects of parity filter quantizations are analyzed and a bound on the mean-square error in the parity comparison is given.< >
On the Dependability for Dynamic Software Product Lines: A Comparative Systematic Mapping Study

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Software Product Lines (SPLs) are techniques where several artefacts are reused (domain), and some are customised (variation points). An SPL can bind variation points statically (compilation time) or dynamically (runtime). Dynamic Software Product Lines (DSPLs) use dynamic binding to adapt to the environment or requirements changes. DSPLs are commonly used to build dependable systems, defined as systems with the ability to avoid more frequent or severe service failures than the acceptable. The main dependability attributes are availability, confidentiality, integrity, reliability, maintainability, and safety. To better understand this context, a Systematic Mapping Study (SMS) was applied searching proposals that include dependability attributes in DSPLs. Our results suggest that few solutions handle dependability in DSPL context. We selected nine primary studies in this regard. We performed a comparative study of the results, analysing other dimensions, and facets, aiming for a better understanding of this research area.
Oligodendroglial tumor chemotherapy using “decreased-dose-intensity” PCV: A Singapore experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The authors propose "decreased-dose-intensity" PCV (procarbazine, lomustine [CCNU], and vincristine) chemotherapy for Asian patients with oligodendroglial tumors. In this study, all seven patients with oligodendroglioma (OD) and eight with anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO) had objective responses or stable disease. Median progression-free survival was greater than 29 months (OD) and 36.5 months or greater (AO); 86% of patients with OD and 63% with AO remain progression-free. Twenty-four Common Toxicity Criteria Grade 3/4 adverse events were noted.
Makers, mistakes, and miscellaneous matter: materiality and the Scottish Privy Council records, c.1688-1708

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article uses the concept of materiality to reconsider the Scottish Privy Council Register compiled between 1692 and 1708. Written as part of the Scottish Privy Council Project, it investigates signs within the Register’s textual codices that provide insights into its clerical manufacture and the all-important role makers had in representing the institution’s actions to posterity. Three main strands of inquiry are pursued: personnel within the ‘Council Office’; mistakes made by members of this office during the compilation of Register volumes; the relationship between these final volumes and miscellaneous surviving materials. Creation of the Register involved the dematerialization and loss of original council paperwork, with the official codex produced functioning as both muniments of a projected ‘truth’ and monuments to Privy Council authority. A materiality-minded approach to institutional records is shown here as essential for their full interpretation, with Scotland's Privy Council Register offered as a comparative case study for scholars working with government records of all periods and places.
Attitudes toward disabled people in the social context of dating, marriage and work: religiosity, religious orientation, conservatism and ambivalent sexism

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The main objective of this study was to examine the relationship between religiosity, religious orientation, conservatism and ambivalent sexism with attitudes toward disabled people in the social context of dating, marriage and work. Moreover, the relationship between gender, age, education, income and contact with disabled people in social contexts of dating, marriage and work was investigated in this study. The data was collected from 626 participants in the age of 18 to 40. The results of the study revealed that gender differences were significant only on one variable; Attitude toward disabled people in work. Moreover, for attitudes toward disabled people in dating, while on the one hand age, conservatism and ambivalent sexism were significant predictors; education, income, religiosity and religious orientation were not significant. Furtermore, in the cntext of marriage just age and ambivalent sexism were significant predictors. Only ambivalent sexism, conservatism and religious orientation are significant predictors in attitude toward disabled people in work. Finally, it has been found that having a disabled family member or close friend significantly effected attitude toward disabled people in the context of work but not for dating and marriage. On the other hand, people who have more contact with a disabled person in daily life showed more positive results on attitudes toward disabled people in the context of dating. The study findings, strengts and limitations of the study were discussed.
Assessment of grain productivity and adaptability yellow lupine on soddy-podzol sandy soil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The article presents the results of a comparative assessment of grain productivity and adaptability indicators of various varieties of yellow lupine cultivated on soddy-podzolic sandy soil. We studied 8 varieties of lupine of domestic selection of the All-Russian Research Institute of Lupine, Novozybkovskaya SHOS; neighboring countries - Belarus and foreign selection (Germany), as well as the hybrid material of the Novozybkovskaya SHOS for 2016–2020. The adaptability of variety samples was comprehensively tested in terms of environmental stability and plasticity, using the criterion of "yield". Changes in meteorological conditions over the years of research made it possible to objectively assess the variation in the productivity of lupine by grain. For five years of testing, the grain yield varied from 6.4 c/ha Vladko (Belarus) to 11.8 c/ha, Novozybkovsky 100 (Novozybkovskaya SHOS). On average, changes in the productivity of varieties of VNII lupine from 9.7 to 11.3 c/ha, Novozybkovskaya SHOS – 10.7–11.8 c/ha, Belarusian breeding – 6.4–9.1 c/ha, foreign – 8.3–8.7 q/ha. Samples 5-10-84 (13.2 c/ha), 1-08-7-75 and 2-13-33 (12.7 c/ha) and 7-13-65 (12,5 q/ha). According to the set of indicators of adaptability, the All-Russian Research Institute of Lupine Nadezhny and Bulat turned out to be the best among the varieties; Belarusian selection Kastrychnik; Novozybkovskoy SHOS – Druzhny 165 and Novozybkovsky 100. From the hybrid material of the Novozybkovskaya SHOS promising numbers 1-08-7-75, 5-10-84, 4-12-302, 2-13-33, which have genetic flexibility, adaptability and stability in conditions of sandy and sandy loamy soils of the South-West of the Bryansk region.
Equivalent Pore Dimensions and Membrane Characterization parameters in Transport Phenomenon across Ion Exchange Membrane

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Transport studies across natural biological and artificial membranes are very important from experimental and theoretical point of view. Transport through bio membranes follows the principle of selective permeability and is very important to study drug membrane interactions. Non equilibrium thermodynamics plays an important role in studying transport phenomenon. In the present investigation membrane is prepared by mechanical compression of cation exchange resin Indion 236 with adhesive araldite. Equivalent pore radius for membrane for different concentrations of aqueous solutions of glucose and sucrose at different temperatures have been determined. The cation exchange membrane has been characterized in terms of membrane constant A/l. The present study tries to establish a relationship between equivalent pore radius ,concentration of solutesand temperature of study. I. Introduction Studies of transport processes across natural and artificial membranes are of great importance both from experimental and theoretical point of view. The origin of transport phenomenon can be attributed to the urge of any system to move from non equilibrium to equilibrium state provided intensive state variables are constant at all time frames and have the same magnitude at all positions in system. Ion Exchange membranes are highly charged artificial membranes with ionic groups, they include solid films, foils, discs, ribbons, tubes and plugs etc. Ion Exchange membranes involve the reversible interchange of ions between solid and liquid phase through Electrical double layer formed at the interface. Structurally the Ion Exchange membrane may be considered as the bundle of capillaries or channels having characteristic pore size and length. Chemically the matrix consists of an irregular, macromolecular, three dimensional network with charged ionic groups in its component polymer molecules. Mobile ions bearing the charge opposite to that born by the fixed ion are known as counter-ions, while those bearing the same charge are known as co - ions. Ion Exchange membranes are important as they can be used as simple models for the study of biological processes across biomembranes. Transport phenomenon across membranes may be diffusion phenomenon or viscous phenomenon, transport across charged membranes can occur in a different manner executing anamolous osmosis instead of normal osmosis leading to transfer of solute in both directions(1-3).Transport phenomenon across a membrane depends on the nature of membrane(4-6) .Examination of relationship between Channel dimensions and frictional coefficients (staverman reflection coefficients) is very important for the understanding of transport phenomenon
Additional file 2: of Subjective patient-reported versus objective adherence to subcutaneous interferon β-1a in multiple sclerosis using RebiSmart®: the CORE study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Series of six figures comparing adherence with age, EDSS score, neurologists’ estimations of adherence, ease of administration, patient’s perceived relevance of storage and being well informed about RebiSmart® features. (PDF 43 kb)