jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
High throughput transcriptomic analysis of the effects of radiation exposure in a mouse model

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Early detection of radiation exposure is important in the treatment of radiation injury and appropriate triage of patients. Detecting the cellular response to DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) has been thought to be a valid form of biodosimetry. A target biomarker for this is the rapid phosphorylation of H2AX, which is the minor histone H2A variant at serine residue‐139 to produce γ‐H2AX. Although the use of immunofluorescence‐based assays to visualize discrete γ‐H2AX foci has resulted in a sensitive and effective method for detecting DSBs, more sensitive and easy to analyze biomarkers of radiation exposure are desired. Here, a series of C57Bl6 mice were exposed to varying doses of X‐ray radiation and skin biopsies were harvested over a 4‐week time course. Subsequent to nucleic acid isolation, cDNA microarrays were used to study differential gene expression. We found that genes involved in response to stress and cell adhesion are decreased, while genes involved in mitosis, coagulation, lipoprotein metabolism, and protease inhibitor activities were increased following exposure. Further work will be directed at understanding the dose‐response nature of these signature gene responses.
AN ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF MENTOR SATISFACTION WITH THEIR YOUTH MENTORING RELATIONSHIPS

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Research shows the benefits of mentoring in promoting positive youth development. Yet less is known about mentors and what predicts mentor satisfaction. Such knowledge is vital to understanding how to recruit and retain adult mentors for youth. Thus, in the current study, we examine mentors as embedded in a social ecology of relationships, such as relationships with their mentee, mentee's family, and mentoring organization they volunteer with. We use data from 247 mentors to test how each of these relationships (mentor with the mentee, mentee's family, and mentoring organization) independently and interactively predict mentor satisfaction. Findings indicate that all relationships are unique predictors of mentor satisfaction, and that relationships with the mentee's family and mentors’ mentoring organization interact in predicting mentor satisfaction. Overall, considering multiple relationships shows how various dimensions of the social ecology uniquely and interactively predict mentor satisfaction. Limitations and implications for mentoring practice are discussed.
Reversed Greenhouse Temperatures Alter Carbohydrate Status in Lilium longiflorum Thunb. `Nellie White'

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Commercial greenhouse operators are increasingly using “negative DIF” temperature regimes to control crop height. A negative DIF exists when greenhouse night temperature is greater than the day temperature. Large negative differences in day and night temperatures strongly suppress stem elongation in many crops. We have explored the effects of negative DIF temperature regimes on leaf, flower, and stem carbohydrate levels in Lilium longiflorum Thunb. `Nellie White'. During two growing seasons, `Nellie White' plants were grown under positive or negative DIF regimes (±5 or 8C) under prevailing daylengths, with temperatures adjusted so that daily temperature averages were equal between regimes. Plants were harvested ≈10 days after visible bud stage and at anthesis. Carbohydrates in stems, leaves, and flowers were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Compared to plants grown under positive DIF, negative DIF plants showed significantly reduced stem length and leaf and stem dry weights. Negative DIF regimes reduced leaf and stem total soluble carbohydrate (TSC) content by 39% to 46% at visible bud and anthesis, while flower TSC content was reduced by 10% to 13%.
Implicit Theories of Teachers About the Importance of Teaching Music

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Contemporary pedagogical literature emphasizes holistic upbringing and education, with the goal of developing the overall personality of students. In this regard, the aim of this study is to explore and determine how teachers perceive the importance of teaching music. This research was conducted in the second semester of the 2022/2023 school year on with a sample of Republic of Srpska primary school teachers (N=10). Empirical data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted both online and in person; a protocol with open-ended questions was developed. The data were analyzed using the method of qualitative thematic analysis. The research results show that teachers perceive music education positively and emphasize its importance for the comprehensive development of students. Additionally, teachers believe that certain changes are needed in the music curriculum, although they emphasize that they have freedom in choosing content in all teaching areas. There is a prevailing opinion among teachers which indicates the need for an increased focus of the educational system towards music education in the lower grades of primary school.
A flow-based approach to datagram security

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Datagram services provide a simple, flexible, robust, and scalable communication abstraction; their usefulness has been well demonstrated by the success of IP, UDP, and RPC. Yet, the overwhelming majority of network security protocols that have been proposed are geared towards connection-oriented communications. The few that do cater to datagram communications tend to either rely on long term host-pair keying or impose a session-oriented (i.e., requiring connection setup) semantics.Separately, the concept of flows has received a great deal of attention recently, especially in the context of routing and QoS. A flow characterizes a sequence of datagrams sharing some pre-defined attributes. In this paper, we advocate the use of flows as a basis for structuring secure datagram communications. We support this by proposing a novel protocol for datagram security based on flows. Our protocol achieves zero-message keying, thus preserving the connectionless nature of datagram, and makes use of soft state, thus providing the per-packet processing efficiency of session-oriented schemes. We have implemented an instantiation for IP in the 4.4BSD kernel, and we provide a description of our implementation along with performance results.
Neurocognitive dysfunction in cancer patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Many cancer patients experience impairments of neurocognitive function, including memory loss, distractibility, difficulty in performing multiple tasks (multitasking), and a myriad of other symptoms. Patients may also concurrently suffer from mood disturbance and symptoms that compromise their ability to function adequately, including fatigue and pain. The etiologies of these problems are diverse and include the direct effects of cancer within the central nervous system (CNS), indirect effects of certain cancers (e.g., paraneoplastic brain disorders), and both diffuse and highly specific effects of cancer treatments on the brain. In addition to these cancer-related causes, patients may have coexisting neurologic or psychiatric disorders that affect their cognition and mood. Careful assessment of patients complaining of neurocognitive or behavioral problems is essential to providing appropriate interventions and maximizing their ability to carry out usual activities.
Characterization of a human gene conferring sensitivity to infection by gibbon ape leukemia virus.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV) enters cells following interaction with a specific receptor protein. We have isolated human complementary DNAs (cDNAs) encoding a protein which, when expressed in normally uninfectable mouse NIH3T3 cells, confers on these cells specific sensitivity to infection by GALV. This was done by transfection into mouse cells of human DNA and selection of putative receptor gene transfectants using infection with a retrovirus carrying a drug resistance gene. Transfected genomic sequences were then cloned through their association with repetitive DNA, and these were used to isolate cDNA clones. The predicted 679-amino acid sequence encoded in these cDNAs is characteristic of an integral membrane protein in that multiple potential transmembrane domains are present. Searches of DNA and protein data banks failed to reveal homologies to other known sequences. It thus appears that the sequence isolated is novel and represents the human receptor for GALV. As expected from the wide host range of the virus, closely related homologues of the gene were found in several other vertebrate species tested.
X-ray emission from massive stars: lessons learned and remaining mysteries

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Nearly all types of massive stars are known to display X-ray emission at some level. Tremendous insight into this phenomenon has been gained thanks to the sensitivity of the current generation of X-ray satellites and X-ray observations are nowadays an integral part of multi-wavelength studies of massive stars and their stellar winds. In this contribution, we review the overall picture and highlight a few recent results related to the temporal modulation of the X-ray emission of single massive stars, the orbital modulation of the emission due to colliding winds in massive binary systems, and the properties of the enigmatic gamma Cas stars, Be stars that display a very hard and strong X-ray emission.
Access to the Media for Terrorists

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There is a fundamental difference between reporting violent incidents and screening television interviews with the terrorists themselves. Terrorists use armed propaganda to seize the attention of the public and the ethics of giving them the publicity they seek by reporting such violent incidents were discussed in the previous chapter. At the same time terrorists or their supporters will seek every opportunity to put their case directly on television in interviews, possibly back-to-camera, and this chapter is concerned with the wisdom, ethics and legality of giving them such opportunities.KeywordsPolitical ViolenceViolent IncidentFront OrganizationCurrent AffairDaily TelegraphThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
A new species of Mimosa (Leguminosae, ser. Piresianae) from the Brazilian Midwest

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A new species of Mimosa (Leguminosae, ser. Piresianae) from Brazil is described and illustrated in this article, along with a short description about the morphological and anatomical traits to fire-resilience in dry forests in Rupestrian Grasslands. In addition, we report the synopsis for the ser. Piresianae, its distribution, its habitat and provide an identification key for the species.
Non-inductive vertical position measurements by Faraday-effect polarimetry on EAST tokamak

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Vertical instability control in an elongated plasma is highly desirable for a tokamak reactor. A multi-channel 694 GHz far-infrared laser-based polarimeter-interferometer system has been used to provide a non-inductive vertical position measurement in the long-pulse EAST tokamak. A detailed comparison of vertical position measurements by polarimetry and external inductive flux loops has been used to validate Faraday-effect polarimetry as an accurate high-time response vertical position sensor.
O DESENHO ANIMADO COMO POTENCIALIZADOR DE UMA EDUCAÇÃO GEOGRÁFICA ANTIRRACISTA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Brazil is the second country with the largest contingent of black population in the world, only Nigeria is ahead. However, we have a huge social and economic disparity between the white and black population, in addition to the structural racism that permeates and supports a racist Brazilian society. We know that the Black Movement has been making efforts to fight against structural racism, and through education it has conquered instruments that are useful for this, such as Law 10.639 / 03 and Affirmative Actions - racial quotas -, in addition, the National Curricular Common Base (Base Nacional Comum Curricular - BNCC, in portuguese). Another important point is the problematization and use of media for Basic Education, especially cartoons, which have enormous potential for teaching geography. Finally, armed with the achievements of the Black Movement, legislation, curriculum, media and cartoons, they aim to highlight the potential that cartoons have to produce debates and practices that lead to an anti-racist geographic education in Basic Education and contribute to the ruin of structural racism in Brazilian society. The methodology used was a literature review and a systematization of ideas. Were identified and categorized as potentialities that cartoons have in four categories, which are: concepts and geographical content; values ​​and equivalents; playfulness, imagination and creativity; and, representativeness, empowerment and Black Identity. Cartoons have the potential to use geography in a fun, playful, relaxed way, leaving classifying, boring and uninteresting geography behind. In addition, cartoons have the potential for content and concepts, and bring representativeness and empowerment to black children. They have the potential to build citizens who are aware and fight against racism.
D-Xylose Sensing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Insights from D-Glucose Signaling and Native D-Xylose Utilizers

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Extension of the substrate range is among one of the metabolic engineering goals for microorganisms used in biotechnological processes because it enables the use of a wide range of raw materials as substrates. One of the most prominent examples is the engineering of baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the utilization of d-xylose, a five-carbon sugar found in high abundance in lignocellulosic biomass and a key substrate to achieve good process economy in chemical production from renewable and non-edible plant feedstocks. Despite many excellent engineering strategies that have allowed recombinant S. cerevisiae to ferment d-xylose to ethanol at high yields, the consumption rate of d-xylose is still significantly lower than that of its preferred sugar d-glucose. In mixed d-glucose/d-xylose cultivations, d-xylose is only utilized after d-glucose depletion, which leads to prolonged process times and added costs. Due to this limitation, the response on d-xylose in the native sugar signaling pathways has emerged as a promising next-level engineering target. Here we review the current status of the knowledge of the response of S. cerevisiae signaling pathways to d-xylose. To do this, we first summarize the response of the native sensing and signaling pathways in S. cerevisiae to d-glucose (the preferred sugar of the yeast). Using the d-glucose case as a point of reference, we then proceed to discuss the known signaling response to d-xylose in S. cerevisiae and current attempts of improving the response by signaling engineering using native targets and synthetic (non-native) regulatory circuits.
Nasal and sinus anatomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The widespread use of endoscopes for diagnosis and treatment of sinonasal diseases has led to a renewed interest in the surgical anatomy of the nose and paranasal sinuses. With an understanding of the relationships of the structures within the anterior ethmoid sinuses, particularly the frontal recess, safer and more successful management of disease is possible. Identifying anatomic variants on preoperative computed tomograms and intraoperatively makes injury to posterior skull base structures less likely. Familiarity with nasal and sinus anatomy not only increases surgical skill but also adds to the understanding of developmental changes within the sinuses of children, which may influence treatment options. Comprehending the sinonasal embryology is also useful in explaining recently reported congenital nasal abnormalities.
Pisum sativum L. subsp. sativum NGB 23888

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Pisum sativum L. subsp. sativum
Common name(s): Pea
Other names: Sugar Bon
Conserved by: Nordgen (NORDGEN), Sweden
Local sample unique identifier: NGB 23888
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2012-04-02
Historical: Yes
Biological status: Advanced or improved cultivar
MLS status: Included
Development of copper metallization for Deep Submicron Integrated Circuits (DSICs)

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The development of copper metallization for deep submicron integrated circuits (DSICs) was a project jointly funded by the Ministry of Education (MoE) and the Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR). Being a very broad based project, the report is deliberately divided into 3 parts. Each part is a complete report by itself - complete with summary, table of contents and various chapters. The 3 parts are identified as follows:
Privatization, Ownership Structure and Performance of China Listed Companies in Split Share Structure Reform

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This dissertation investigates the effects of privatization on corporate management performance before and after the Split Share Structure Reform in China. The study selects the published information of ownership structure and corporate performance from 2002–2007, among 952 listed companies, to analyze the relationship between ownership structure and corporate management performance and addresses the research hypothesis and regression model through the study of ownership concentration, ownership structure, listed period of time, industry influences, and information before and after Split Share Structure Reform. Based on the results, this study tests the hypothesis by descriptive statistical analysis and regression analysis and then conducts linear regression and quadratic non-linear regression analysis on the relationship between ownership structure and corporate management performance according to time and industry. The result shows the ownership concentration degree has a significant positive impact on corporate management performance and the greater differences between the shareholding ratio of the first and second largest shareholders will result in worse performance. For the relationship between ownership structure and corporate management performance, the regression analysis result indicates the tradable shareholding ratio is negatively correlated with performance. The institutional shareholding ratio is positively correlated with performance, and a U shaped relationship exists between the state-owned shareholding ratio and performance. Afterwards, based on the theoretical analysis and empirical research results, and combined with the characteristic of current industrial environment and management system of China listed companies, this study provides some beneficial opinions and recommendations.
Nonmagnetic compensation in ferromagnetic Ga1−xMnxAs and Ga1−xMnxP synthesized by ion implantation and pulsed-laser melting

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The electronic and magnetic effects of intentional compensation with nonmagnetic donors are investigated in the ferromagnetic semiconductors Ga1−xMnxAs and Ga1−xMnxP synthesized using ion implantation and pulsed-laser melting. It is demonstrated that compensation with nonmagnetic donors and MnI have similar qualitative effects on materials properties. With compensation TC decreases, resistivity increases, and stronger magnetoresistance and anomalous Hall effect attributed to skew scattering are observed. Ga1−xMnxAs can be controllably compensated with Te through a metal-insulator transition through which the magnetic and electrical properties vary continuously. The resistivity of insulating Ga1−xMnxAs:Te can be described by thermal activation to the mobility edge and simply activated hopping transport. Ga1−xMnxP doped with S is insulating at all compositions but shows decreasing TC with compensation. The existence of a ferromagnetic insulating state in Ga1−xMnxAs:Te and Ga1−xMnxP:S having TC’s of the same order as the uncompensated materials demonstrates that localized holes are effective at mediating global ferromagnetism in ferromagnetic semiconductors through the percolation of ferromagnetic “puddles” at low temperatures.
Design of the Several Pneumatic Tendon Piston

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With the rapid development of hydraulic technology, pressure-driven piston pump, the output pressure, simple structure, in the field of mechanical engineering and field engineering work has been widely used. For existing pneumatic piston existence of a functional insufficiency, poor technical performance, the irrational structure, and high-pressure areas, especially in high pressure areas occupy an irreplaceable position in the axial and radial piston pumps, there are also complex, expensive, traffic pulse rate not ideal and other indicators of disadvantage. In this paper, the normal replacement method for flexible-rigid pneumatic cylinder replacement tendons, structural design, light weight, is able to adapt to harsh environments tendon type pneumatic piston. Practical results shows that the design of the pneumatic piston in the wild-type tendon in applied engineering work obtains good results.
Insect Communities Associated With Douglas-Fir Dwarf Mistletoe Witches' Brooms In Northern Arizona

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Douglas-fir dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium douglasii) is a parasitic flowering plant that infects Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) throughout the western United States. Douglas-fir dwarf mistletoe induces the formation of witches' brooms on infected trees which alters the biomass and architecture of branches of the infected host. We obtained pairs of broomed and nonbroomed branches of Douglas-fir for sampling and comparing the communities of insects found in each type of branch. Twenty-five families were identified from branches of Douglas-fir, with Chrysomelidae, Phaleothripidae, Pteromalidae, and Braconidae being most common. Richness and totals of insects were one and a half to five times greater in witches' brooms than in nonbroomed branches, respectively. Significantly more Chrysomelidae, Phaleothripidae, Pteromalidae, Miridae, Berytidae, and Braconidae were found on broomed than on nonbroomed branches. However, no significant difference in the structure of the community based on relative abundance was found between broomed and nonbroomed branches. No species of insects was unique to either type of branch. This study represents the first to examine communities of insects in witches' brooms induced by Douglas-fir dwarf mistletoe.
ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY OF VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLIC COMPLICATIONS: PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The review takes into consideration the problems of effectiveness and safety of anticoagulant therapy in patients with venous thromboembolic complications. together with literature data we provide the results of our own study of optimization of long-term anticoagulant therapy in venous thromboembolic comlications. Particularly the results provided of comparison of standard therapy by high-molecular weight heparin (5 days or more) and warfarin and therapy by treatment dosages of enoxaparine with the prolonged treatment to one month in outpatient practice. Also the opportunities discussed for the usage of novel oral anticoagulants — dabigatran elexilate, rivaroxaban, apixaban — as for the treatment of acute thrombosis episode, as in long-term period. the detailed view is presented at the defining of optimal duration of anticoagulant therapy and the factor influencing the effectiveness and safety of long-term treatment. As the latter we recommend to use laboratory markers: d-dimer and thrombin-activating fibrinolysis inhibitor.