jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abstracts of Articles on Computer Assisted Imaging from Non-Radiological Journals

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

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Implications of Land Tenure on Food Sufficiency

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Access to land is governed by tenure arrangements affecting the production and productivity of the farm. Gaining access through renting in has both positive and negative implications. In Nepal, sharecropping is widely practiced in Mid Western Region, but there is a gap in academic study as to whether this benefits the farmers and makes them food sufficient. In this context, this study attempts to find out the implications of land tenure concerning agricultural households on food sufficiency through a field study in the sampled area. The major findings are that while secured land tenure very importantly affects the livelihood of land-dependent people, this secured tenure alone is not sufficient for them to attain food sufficiency if that land is unproductive. Family size, land size, type of land and type of tenure governs land tenure system in such a way that these were found to have a tremendous impact in household food sufficiency. A more in-depth research in these areas is needed that would contribute to better understanding of the nexus between secured tenure and the household food security.
Feacal carriage of cytotoxigenic strains of Clostridium difficile by adult Nigerians.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The isolation rate of Clostridium difficile and the presence of its cytotoxin in stool were studied in adults with diarrhoea and healthy normal individuals over a period of one year. C. difficile was isolated from 23(56%) out of 41 patients with diarrhoea who gave history of antibiotic exposure prior to the development of the disease from 12(31.6%) of the 38 healthy controls with no history of antibiotic exposure. Of the 23(31.6%) C. difficile isolated from the patients, 16(69.6%), and only 8(66.6%) of the 12 isolates from the healthy adults, were cytotoxigenic. Only one stool specimen from a diarrhoeic patient, was positive for cytotoxin assay. The clinical significance of this finding is discussed.
Inhibition of angiotensin I converting enzyme by venom peptides

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The synthetic analogues of three naturally occurring peptides from the venom of Bothrops jararaca have been tested as inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme activity in two systems. They have widely differing absolute potencies but the relative potencies are similar in the two systems. The high inhibitory potency of the nonapeptide is compatible with a non-competitive type of inhibition.
Dried nanofibrillated cellulose and its bionanocomposites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

During the past decade there has been a growing interest in the reinforcement of synthetic polymers with cellulose nanowhiskers and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) obtained from plants or bacteria. Their beneficial mechanical properties like high stiffness and strength, in combination with their low mass allowed successful reinforcement of water based polymer dispersions (latexes) for the production of solution cast composite films. However, the production of fully degradable or biocompatible nanocomposites containing NFC with high aspect ratio and diameters below 100 nm is still a challenging task. One of the main issues to overcome is irreversible agglomeration (hornification) of NFC. Hornification can occur during drying of aqueous NFC suspensions or during compounding of NFC with hydrophobic polymers and it can be explained with the formation of a large number of hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups of adjacent nanofibrils. This process is accompanied by a considerable decrease of the NFC aspect ratio and consequently results in the complete loss of its beneficial properties. Therefore, the objective of this PhD work was to chemically functionalize NFC in order to prevent hornification during drying and to develop novel bionanocomposites with well dispersed NFC, displaying improved properties compared to the neat polymers. Successful preparation of such bio-based composites could open up ways to new applications in e.g. medicine, bio-packaging or horticulture. In this study, a method for the preparation of water-redispersible NFC in powder form was developed, comprising carboxymethylation and mechanical disintegration of refined, bleached beech pulp (RBP). The powders formed stable gels when dispersed in water and SEM images confirmed that carboxymethylation had successfully prevented hornification of NFC during drying. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of poly(vinyl acetate) latex composites showed that carboxymethylation did not negatively influence the reinforcing potential of NFC. Consistently, the reinforcing potential of c-NFC was not altered by the drying procedure, as was shown by DMA experiments and tensile tests of hydroxypropyl cellulose composites containing dried and never-dried c-NFC. In a subsequent study, bionanocomposites were developed by UV-photopolymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone in presence of a trimethacrylate crosslinker and water-redispersed c-NFC powder to yield a biocompatible hydrogel for the replacement of degenerated human Nucleus Pulposus (NP) in intervertebral discs. The native structure and function of the NP was mimicked by the randomly oriented c-NFC fibrils in the hydrogel matrix. The biocomposite hydrogels showed similar values for swelling ratio and modulus of elasticity in compression, compared to native NP. A final study focused on the feasibility of an industrial up-scaling of poly(lactic acid) composites containing compatibilized c-NFC using extrusion.
Influence of training on dorsal tangential radiographic view to detect screw protrusion after anterior plating of the distal radius: a cadaveric study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this cadaveric study of anterior plating of the distal radius, we aimed to determine the interobserver agreement and diagnostic performance for detecting dorsally protruding screws using the dorsal tangential radiographic view before and after specific training. Without prior instruction, 13 observers interpreted the dorsal tangential view of cadaveric specimens, in which anterior radial plates were placed. After seeing a training video on the dorsal tangential view, they repeated the task. Though we found that accuracy and interobserver agreement was lower than described in some other clinical series, training led to statistically significant improvements of (1) the interobserver agreement on the decision to exchange screws, (2) the self-confidence of the surgeon in obtaining adequate views, and (3) the number of fluoroscopic images required to obtain these views. After training, the number of protruding screws missed was reduced by 36%, but 7% of dorsally protruding screws was still missed.
Eastern Light on Jerusalem

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

If the Post-Exilic period is now held to be the main phase of scribal production for the Hebrew Bible, understanding education in the Persian Empire is essential. Biblical scholarship has largely depended on evidence from earlier (Babylonian) or later (Hellenistic) periods, which is not applicable. This essay draws on direct evidence of Persian education in the eastern provinces to suggest a model of broader Persian scribalism.
Acil servise travma nedeniyle başvuran okul çağı çocuklarının demografik değerlendirilmesi

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, bir Vakıf Üniversitesi Hastanesi Acil Servisine travma nedeniyle başvuran okul çağındaki çocuk hastaların demografik, epidemiyolojik özelliklerini ve tedavi sonuçlarını saptamak, ulusal verilerimize katkıda bulunmaktır. Yöntem: Maltepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Acil servisine 1 Ocak 2013- 31 Aralık 2014 tarihleri arasında travma nedeniyle başvuran 6-12 yaş çocuk hastaların dosyaları ve hastane kayıt defteri retrospektif olarak incelendi. Yaş, cinsiyet, ay, yaralanma yeri okulda veya okul dışında , travma sebepleri düşme, trafik kazası, yabancı cisimle kesi, yanık , vücutta yaralanma bölgeleri kafa, toraks, abdomen, alt ve üst ekstremite, çoklu , konsültasyonlar, acil serviste yapılan işlemler, yatış, taburculuk ve mortalite oranları gibi özellikleri kaydedildi. İstatistiksel analizleri yapıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil olan 500 hastanın çoğu erkekti n=287;%57,4 ve Nisan- Mayıs aylarında başvuru sayısı yüksekti %11,8; 12 . Okul dışında yaralanma oranı n=284; % 56,8 okuldaki yaralanmalara n=216; % 43,2 göre daha fazla idi. Oluş şekli incelendiğinde düşme %96,6 ve trafik kazası olgularının %2,4 daha sık olduğu gözlendi. En çok ekstremite yaralanması %63,6 tespit edilirken kafa yaralanmaları %31,6 ikinci sıklıktaydı. Çalışmaya alınan hastaların 483ünün acil serviste takip ve tedavisi yapıldıktan sonra, 2sinin de hasta yakınlarının istekleriyle taburcu edildiği, 14ünün hastaneye yatırılarak tedavi edildiği ve 1 hastanın ex olduğu tespit edildi. Sonuç: Okul çağı çocuk yaralanmalarının büyük bir kısmının nedeni önlenebilir bir sebep olan düşmedir. Çocukların yaşadıkları yerlerde güvenlik için koruyucu önlemler yaralanmaları azaltabilir. İstatistiksel sonuçlarımız diğer çalışmalara benzer çıkmıştır.
Performance Monitoring for SAS ® Programs on Windows ® XP

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The SAS System offers statisticians, programmers, and analysts a myriad of techniques, which can be used to sort, merge, manipulate, quantify and communicate data. The exact same result can be achieved in many different ways using SAS, though one method may finish much faster or use fewer resources than another. Although the difference in run time or resource allocation between analysis methods may be practically insignificant for many programs, it may be large for programs with extensive analyses. This paper will present a process that shall be called the “wrapper ” program that will capture statistics about the performance of a workstation when using different analysis methods. The process will demonstrate how to programmatically create performance measurements of a workstation while processes are executing. This will be done by examining CPU usage, memory allocation, paging, SAS work space and I/O utilization in a Microsoft ® Windows XP environment.
Seroprevalence immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia in cats in Monteria, Córdoba SEROPREVALENCIA DEL VIRUS DE LEUCEMIA E INMUNODEFICIENCIA FELINA EN GATOS DE MONTERÍA, CÓRDOBA

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The gradual increment of the feline population in Colombia and some countries is associated with presence of diseases that care produce animal health risk. The virus of immunodeficiency and the feline leukemia are the main retroviales diseases with high morbility and mortality in felines and they require of a right diagnostic that extend the felines’ life. A descriptive transversal cut study was done, 60 urban domestic cats of Montería were included, animals were from clinics, veterinarian consults and familiar houses. The simultaneous diagnostic of leukemia and feline immunodeficiency was carried out by using inmunoensayo SNAP combo FeLV Ag/FIV Ab (laboratories Idexx Toronto, Canadá) in samples of serum and plasma. The animals were submitted to a physical and laboratory examination the population studied were 30 females and 30 males most of them minor of 2 years. Feline leukemia showed a seroprevalence of 23,3% (14/60), for feline immunodeficiency a seroprevalence of 1,6% (1/60), and the prevalence of double infection for feline leukemia and immunodeficiency was of 5% (3/60). The immunodeficiency’s virus and feline leukemia diagnostic was carry out for first time in the population of domestics cats in the city of Montería and it established a seroprevalence of 23,3% and 1,6% respectively.
El incremento gradual de la población felina en Colombia y algunos países está acompañado de la aparición de enfermedades que ponen en riesgo la salud animal. El virus de inmunodeficiencia y la leucemia felina son las principales enfermedades retrovirales de mayor morbilidad y mortalidad en los felinos, que requieren de un diagnóstico oportuno que permita prolongar la vida de estos animales. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal que incluyó 60 gatos domésticos del área urbana de la ciudad de Montería procedentes de clínicas, consultorios veterinarios y viviendas familiares. El diagnóstico simultáneo de leucemia e inmunodeficiencia felina se realizó en muestras de suero y plasma por el inmunoensayo comercial SNAP combo FeLV Ag/ FIV Ab (Laboratories Idexx Toronto, Canadá). Los animales fueron sometidos a exámenes físicos y de laboratorio. La población estuvo conformada por 30 hembras y 30 machos en su mayoría menores de dos años. La seroprevalencia fue del 23,3% (14/60) para leucemia felina, inmunodeficiencia felina 1,6% (1/60) y la seroprevalencia de doble infección por el virus de leucemia e inmunodeficiencia felina fue del 5% (3/60). Se realizó por primera vez el serodiagnóstico del virus de inmunodeficiencia y leucemia felina en la población de gatos domésticos de la ciudad de Montería; se estableció una seroprevalencia del 23,3% y 1,6% respectivamente.
Impact of maize straw biochar and tied‐ridge‐furrow rainwater harvesting on soil erosion and soil quality in a semiarid region

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In dryland areas, integrating biochar soil amendment with in situ rainwater harvesting systems may decrease soil erosion, improve soil quality, and increase crop productivity and yield. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of maize straw biochar amendment and ridge‐furrow rainwater harvesting systems on run‐off, sediment yield and the physico‐chemical properties of a Calcic Cambisol soil in semiarid areas. The experiment was conducted on alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) production land at the Anjiagou Catchment experimental station in Gansu province, China. The experimental layout was a split‐plot design with three replications. Biochar was applied at a rate of 0 and 30 t ha −1 , respectively. The tillage treatments were flat planting, open‐ridging, and tied‐ridging (TR). Overall, the integration of maize straw biochar with TR decreased soil bulk density at 0–40 cm depth. Biochar application reduced run‐off by 37.8% and soil loss by 55.5% during alfalfa‐growing seasons compared to the control. In general, biochar addition increased soil total potassium, but the same effect was not observed for soil pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and available phosphorus. These findings demonstrate the potential of integrating maize straw biochar and tillage systems to reduce soil erosion and improve soil quality for rainfed crop production in semiarid areas. Further studies on the effect of biochar‐tillage system interaction are warranted to improve soil conditions for plant growth and increase crop yield in dryland areas.
A network analysis of DSM-5 avoidant personality disorder diagnostic criteria

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Network analysis conceptualises psychopathology as systems of symptoms that interact and influence each other. It is hypothesised that network analysis can identify core symptoms relevant to the diagnosis and treatment of the disorder. We applied network analysis to avoidant personality disorder DSM-5 diagnostic criteria to identify such symptoms in a non-clinical and clinical sample (N = 718, N = 354). We estimated the networks as unregularised Ising models by fitting a log-linear model to each sample. Further on, we examined centrality indices, network stability, and normalised accuracy to determine which nodes are more central amongst avoidant personality disorder diagnostic criteria. "Fear of criticism and rejection" and "Certainty of being liked" emerged as the most central nodes in both networks. Symptom "Inferiority" had the lowest centrality levels. Results are discussed in terms of implications for the conceptualisation of avoidant personality disorder and similarities with other studies that focused on DSM-5 criteria.
DIFFERENCES IN HOSPITAL LENGTH OF STAY BETWEEN NEONATES EXPOSED TO BUPRENORPHINE VERSUS METHADONE IN UTERO

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Opioid dependence affects up to 30% of pregnancies at our institution and treatment of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is the leading cause for admission to the NICU. Decreasing the length of hospital stay for these neonates may be beneficial to families as well as to the allocation of hospital resources.
EFFECTS OF NARCOTIC AND NON-NARCOTIC ANALGESICS ON THE ABDOMINAL OR TAIL STIMULATION-INDUCED STRUGGLING IN RATS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

As a model, we used struggling induced by a repetitive stimulation of the tail or abdomen and two types of pseudoaffective responses were evoked in rats. The effects of narcotic and non-narcotic analgesics on these responses were alternately assessed. Narcotics were markedly effective in inhibiting struggling elicited by tail stimulation and slightly less effective in suppressing the abdominal stimulation-induced struggling. These effects on two types of struggling differed quantitatively but not qualitatively. On the other hand, non-narcotics such as aspirin (200 mg/ kg, i.p.), aminopyrine (160 mg/kg, i.p.) and indomethacin (20 mg/kg, i.p.) had an inhibitory action on the struggling elicited by the tail stimulation but showed equivocal and far less inhibition on the abdominal stimulation-induced response. These two effects were quantitatively and qualitatively different because the slope of the dose-response curves were not in parallel. The action of baclofen appears to be ambiguous since it had distinctive inhibitory actions on both types of struggling. However, baclofen can be classified into the latter group in that it exerted an inhibitory action on two types of struggling, in a quantitatively different manner. These results suggest that two types of struggling in rats provide a convenient means to assess the potency of analgesics.
Ensifer adhaerens Predatory Activity Against Other Bacteria in Soil, as Monitored by Indirect Phage Analysis

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

An indirect phage analysis procedure was used to detect and follow the activity of the bacterial predator Ensifer adhaerens in situ in natural soil. The soil was percolated with an aqueous suspension of washed bacterial host cells so that the E. adhaerens cells naturally present in the soil would multiply in response to the host cells. The natural phage development which ensued against these multiplying E. adhaerens cells in the soil was then monitored by noting plaques which developed when the percolation fluid was plated with laboratory strains of E. adhaerens on laboratory media. The activities of the other members of the predation system that includes E. adhaerens (Streptomyces sp. strain 34 and a myxobacter) could not be monitored directly by phage analysis because phage were not found for them. Indirect monitoring was possible, however, because they were susceptible to attack by E. adhaerens. In general, the results were in agreement with previous observations by other methods of the predation sequence. E. adhaerens attacked Micrococcus luteus, Streptomyces sp. strain 34, and the myxobacter but did not attack several other possible species of hosts. It also did not respond to percolation of the soil with various nutrient solutions. E. adhaerens phage activity was not present in half of the soils percolated with M. luteus cells. This seemed to reflect too great a phage-host specificity for the technique as regards these soils, because E. adhaerens -like bacteria other than the strains used for plaquing were present in at least some of these soils. Although E. adhaerens did not attack Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas aeruginosa in soil, there was an overproduction of E. adhaerens phage if these bacteria were percolated simultaneously with M. luteus cells. The possibility is discussed that this represents an activation by M. luteus (or by a heat-extractable factor from it) of other bacterial predators that attack E. coli or P. aeruginosa and that these predators subsequently are themselves attacked by E. adhaerens.
Strategies to address emerging fungal diseases in peony (Paeonia lactiflora) in the United States

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The most important step in any effective disease management strategy is proper diagnosis. Therefore, in an effort to assist growers with disease management, herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora) samples were collected and submitted to our lab from 12 states in the United States to determine the range of diseases present in both landscape and commercial settings. Both morphological and molecular techniques were used in the identification of pathogens isolated from peony flowers, leaves, stems, and roots. Trials were conducted to confirm the ability of all pathogens to cause disease on healthy peony tissue. This survey revealed new species-host-state combinations in several states as well as five different fungal genera that had not previously been identified on peonies in the country: a Botryosphaeria sp., up to 3 Colletotrichum spp., Mycocentrospora acerina, a Phoma sp., and Pilidium concavum. Each of these pathogens have only been reported a few times worldwide and there is correspondingly little to no information available on their management. Given the need for growers to address these emerging disease issues, we outline potential management strategies for fungal peony pathogens. Our recommendations take into account general fungal disease management tools, published information on the specific biology of these organisms, observations of peony diseases over our years of fieldwork, and examples from other pathosystems that have been successful in managing diseases caused by the pathogens we have found on peonies.
Relation between Viscous Characteristics and Dextrose Equivalent of Maltodextrins

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Relation between viscous characteristics of different maltodextrins and degree of starch hydrolytic conversion expressed as DE value (dextrose equivalent) was deduced. Reduced viscosity of diluted solutions of maltodextrins linearly increased with maltodextrin concentration in the range 0.2×10 −2 to 1×10 −2 g/cm 3 . Values of intrinsic viscosity decreased with increasing degree of hydrolysis, which is expressed by DE values. Values of intrinsic viscosity of maltodextrins are independent of the botanical source of a particular starch but are dependent on molecular properties of samples that influence its friction characteristics in solution. When in diluted solutions, maltodextrins behave like macromolecules and obey the Staudinger‐Mark‐Houwink equation. Two ranges of DE value were established: DE = 0.5–10, in this range maltodextrin molecules in solution are randomly coiled ( a = 0.53); and DE = 10–20, where the molecules are stretched ( a = 1). Equations for determination of DE value by viscometric measurements were derived for each of the two established DE ranges. DE values calculated from the equations show good agreement with the ones obtained by standard chemical titration methods.