jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Analysis of the clinical characteristics of V4 segment steal blood in the vertebral artery].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics of unilateral vertebral artery V4 segment occlusive lesions (severe stenosis or occlusion), where the contralateral vertebral artery can be compensated through blood flow and reverse supply to the posterior inferior cerebellarartery (PICA). Methods: This study is a retrospective case series of 66 patients with V4 segment occlusive lesions of unilateral vertebral artery diagnosed and treated from June 2020 to October 2022. Patient data were retrospectively collected, and their hemodynamic characteristics and imaging data were analyzed. Results: Of the 66 cases, 11 patients (16.7%) with V4 segment occlusive disease showed the blood flow of the vertebral artery on the opposite side of the lesion on the digital subtraction angiography (DSA), which can be reverse stolen to the posterior inferior cerebellar artery of the diseased side through the confluence point of the vertebrobasilar artery through the distal end of the ipsilateral vertebral artery V4. Owing to the lack of literature on this pathway and based on the characteristics of previous definitions of subclavian artery steal and carotid artery steal, we referred to this pathway as the vertebral artery V4 segment steal. In 6 patients (9.1%), transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) and transcranial color Doppler ultrasound (TCCD) showed that the blood flow signal was not detected at the proximal end of the V4 segment of the affected side, rather the blood flow direction was reversed at the distal end of the V4 segment, resulting in compensatory acceleration of the blood flow velocity of the V4 segment of the contralateral vertebral artery. Conclusion: "V4 segment steal of vertebral artery" is a very rare route of vertebral artery steal. When V4 segment of the vertebral artery is occluded, clinicians should pay attention to observe the blood supply of PICA and whether there is such a steal route, to better evaluate the blood flow compensation and prognosis of patients.
Successful double bioprosthetic valve replacement in a 64-year-old man with carcinoid syndrome and bipolar disorder: case report.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The case is described of a 64-year-old man with bipolar disorder and severe carcinoid heart disease who required a double valve replacement. Multidisciplinary team involvement and extensive preoperative investigations resulted in a successful regimen which prevented reactivation of carcinoid syndrome and avoided the serious side effects of lantreotide and lithium therapy. In addition, two bioprosthetic valves were used, thereby avoiding the potential complications of anticoagulation in a patient with known hepatic metastases.
Time-course changes in nasal airway resistance after house dust antigen challenge: With special reference to late phase response

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The definition of late-phase response (LPR) associated with nasal allergy is not as clear as that associated with asthma. Furthermore, LPR and immediate-phase response often act in concert to produce confounding symptoms due to repeated attacks over a short period of time. We examined the nasal airway resistance (NAR), allergic symptoms, eosinophil cationic protein and histamine concentration in nasal surface tissue 30 min before, and 10 min, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 h after a house dust (HD) nasal challenge test was performed twice on 10 patients with HD perennial nasal allergy. Nasal airway resistance readings after the HD nasal challenge test were classified into three types based on changes in NAR: type I (short-lasting, five cases); type II (prolonged, eight cases); and type III (biphasic, six cases). Delayed increases in NAR were not observed in type I patients with weak responses to nasal challenge. In type II patients, baseline NAR was elevated and numerous basophilic metachromatic cells (BC) were present in the epithelial layer. In type III patients, baseline NAR was not as elevated as it was in type II patients, but marked responses to challenge were noted. In all three types of changes in NAR, eosinophil leukocyte increased at late phase. Moreover, there was no correlation of change in NAR with an increase in the number of eosinophil leukocyte and BC at the epithelial layer in all three types, which suggests that further study is required to confirm the exact role of eosinophils and basophilic cells in LPR.
The Czech Provincial Reconstruction Team in Afghanistan: Context, Experiences and Politics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article is an empirical‐theoretical mapping of the Czech participation in the peacebuilding reconstruction of Afghanistan in the form of the Czech Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT). As will become clear, an important part of such a study is a focus on the analysis of the influence of the security context and external factors on the participation and form of the Czech PRT. The study is divided into two basic parts. The first part gives the reader a necessary and sensible grounding. Specifically, it presents a contextual frame for the participation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in Afghanistan. What then follows is an analysis of the domestic political debate in the Czech Republic. One of the findings is that any proper domestic political debate was absent, instead there was a polarization of the relationship between the government of the Czech Republic and the parliamentary opposition on the issue of the Czech PRT Logar. The article concludes with a question concerning the motives of the Czech government for sending the Czech PRT into Afghanistan.
Pre-Operative MRI in HER-2 Receptor Positive and Her-2 Receptor Negative Breast Cancer: A Comparison

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: MRI is the most sensitive modality for local staging of breast cancer. Herceptin receptor over-expression is seen in 15% - 30% of breast tumours, and is associated with increased aggression, poorer prognosis, higher grade at diagnosis and increased lymphatic dissemination. This study aimed at evaluating the role of MRI in Herceptin receptor positive vs negative tumours. Methods: 193 pre-operative MRIs were performed in 2021 for staging of 162 Her-2 negative and 37 Her-2 positive tumours. Recall rates and further biopsies (ipsilateral/contralateral) were assessed in both groups, and MRI largest size was compared to pathological size of invasive cancer and DCIS. Results: 36.4% of Her-2 negative tumours were recalled; further ipsilateral malignancy was identified in 13.6%. Contralateral malignancy was identified in 1.2%. 29.7% of Her-2 positive tumours were recalled; further ipsilateral malignancy was identified in 16.2%. No contralateral malignancy was seen in Her-2 positive tumours. The OR of Her-2 positive tumours having ipsilateral foci of malignancy on MRI is 0.83 (CI 0.3, 2.2). Pathological size concordance with MRI size was seen in 70.3% of Her-2 negative, and 48.6% of Her-2 positive tumours. Discordance in both groups was due to MRI size overestimation (70.8% of Her-2 negative discordance; 89.4% of Her-2 positive discordance). Conclusions: Pre-operative MRI did not detect significant increased additional foci in Her-2 positive tumours. Significant concordance with pathological size was not seen in both groups; MRI overestimation was the most frequent cause for discordance in both groups. Advances in Knowledge: This study compares MRI features of Her-2 positive and Her-2 negative tumours. It demonstrates that there is no significant increased multifocality or multicentricity of Her-2 positive tumours, but MRI over-estimates size in 30% of Her-2 negative and 51% of Her-2 positive cancers.
Improving The Use Of POLST And AHCD In Long-term Care Through A Community Partnership

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: In 1990 Congress passed the Patient Self-Determination Act, which requires any facilities receiving Medicare or Medicaid payment to inquire if the patient has an advance directive and to provide information if the patient does not have one (IOM, 2015). Advance Care Planning (ACP) for end-of-life care emerged in the mid-1970s to address the need for tools, such as the Advanced Health Care Directives (AHCD), to guide medical decision-making among seriously ill patients, their families, and healthcare providers (Nedjat-Haiem, Cadet, Amtaya, & Mishra, 2019). End-of-life care planning has evolved and currently tools available include Providers Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) and Advance Health Care Directives (AHCD). Objective: The goal of this evidence-based quality improvement project was to improve healthcare staffs’ (registered nurses, certified nursing assistants, admission staff and social work) knowledge and comfort level with discussing Providers Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) and Advanced Health Care Directives (AHCD) with newly admitted patients in a long-term care facility through a four-part interactive education workshop. Methods: A four-series 30-minute staff educational workshop was conducted over a month period. Each workshop explored different avenues of advance care planning and utilization of POLST and AHCD in a long-term care facility. Five point-Likert scale pre and post-survey completed by staff to assess self-reported confidence and knowledge. A pre and post knowledge quiz (true or false) evaluating knowledge about POLST and AHCD. Results: Overall staff average on knowledge quiz after completion of workshop series improved by 8%. Conclusion: Staff education workshops seem to improve knowledge and comfort, however the limited time for the project did not allow for observed improvements in conversations with patients about POLST and AHCD.
Meningkatkan Keterampilan Proses Peserta Didik Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 12 Kota Ternate Materi Konsep Hukum Newton Melalui Peneraan Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tThe research conducted at SMP Negeri 12 Kota Ternate was a classroom action research using a problem-based learning model which was carried out in two cycles. The subjects of this study were 23 students of class IIC SMP N 3 KotaTernate. Students' process skills are measured based on the increase in the percentage of students' process skills classically. The instrument used is an observation sheet to measure science process skills. Final data analysis on improving science process skills in the observation class on medium criteria with a gain factor of 0.35 and in cycle 1 class on low criteria with a gain factor of 0.25. The results of this study indicate that the gain factor value for cycle 1 class is higher than the control class gain factor value in terms of increasing mastery of concepts and science process skills. Thus the application of the problem-based learning model is more effective for improving students' science process skills compared to the DI learning model on motion material.\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\n
Is female mate preference based on the interaction between static and dynamic signals in bearded reedlings?

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In many animal species ornaments and display behaviours are used together in intersexual communication. Few studies, however, have simultaneously explored how the static and dynamic components interact. We examined the significance of behaviour (e.g. dominance status) in comparison with beard length for the mate choice process in a bird species, the bearded reedling, Panurus biarmicus. In choice experiments, females were confronted with two males of varying beard length (artificially shortened or elongated) and status (dominant/subdominant). The results suggest that female choice is primarily based on beard length whereas dominance seems to be less important. Our results indicate that the beard length plays an important role in female choice in this species, as previously reported. Nevertheless, dominance status has a slight complementary effect. Beard length and behaviour seem to inform the female about the same aspect of male condition but with a different error probability. However, additional studies in which display rates and song properties are directly manipulated are needed.
Sleep determines quality of life in autistic adults: A longitudinal study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Many individuals with autism report generally low quality of life (QoL). Identifying predictors for pathways underlying this outcome is an urgent priority. We aim to examine multivariate patterns that predict later subjective and objective QoL in autistic individuals. Autistic characteristics, comorbid complaints, aspects of daily functioning, and demographics were assessed online in a 2‐year longitudinal study with 598 autistic adults. Regression trees were fitted to baseline data to identify factors that could predict QoL at follow‐up. We found that sleep problems are an important predictor of later subjective QoL, while the subjective experience of a person's societal contribution is important when it comes to predicting the level of daily activities. Sleep problems are the most important predictor of QoL in autistic adults and may offer an important treatment target for improving QoL. Our results additionally suggest that social satisfaction can buffer this association. Autism Research 2019, 12: 794–801 . © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Many individuals with autism report generally low quality of life (QoL). In this study, we looked at factors that predict long‐term QoL and found that sleep problems are highly influential. Our results additionally suggest that social satisfaction can buffer this influence. These findings suggest that sleep and social satisfaction could be monitored to increase QoL in autistic adults.
Utility of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the management of traumatic tracheobronchial injuries: case series

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Tracheobronchial injury is a rare, but potentially life-threatening condition, and in most cases requires urgent treatment to restore normal respiratory physiology. Over the past decades, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has evolved as an important adjunct in airway surgery. We presented three cases of traumatic tracheobronchial injury managed with ECMO support at a level-1 trauma center and emphasized the benefits of anticipation and early institution of ECMO support perioperatively, in these high-risk cases. The management of traumatic tracheobronchial injuries requires early measures to guarantee adequate ventilation. Anticipation and early institution of ECMO in these patients may support respiratory physiology, facilitate repair and improve survival. The time factor and multidisciplinary communication and plan prior to intervention should be considered. ECMO support, whenever available, plays important role in the management of complicated tracheobronchial surgical procedure and thereby reduces risk of mortality.
Stitching interferometry of high numerical aperture cylindrical optics without using a fringe-nulling routine

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Stitching interferometry is a common method for measuring the figure error of high numerical aperture optics. However, subaperture measurement usually requires a fringe-nulling routine, thus making the stitching procedure complex and time-consuming. The challenge when measuring a surface without a fringe-nulling routine is that the rays no longer perpendicularly hit the surface. This violation of the null-test condition can lead to high fringe density and introduce high-order misalignment aberrations into the measurement result. This paper demonstrates that the high-order misalignment aberrations can be characterized by low-order misalignment aberrations; then, an efficient method is proposed to separate the high-order misalignment aberrations from subaperture data. With the proposed method, the fringe-nulling routine is not required. Instead, the subaperture data is measured under a nonzero fringe pattern. Then, all possible misalignment aberrations are removed with the proposed method. Finally, the full aperture map is acquired by connecting all subaperture data together. Experimental results showing the feasibility of the proposed procedure are presented.
Histopathological evaluation of synovial tissue in advanced osteoarthritis: A retrospective study based on total knee arthroplasty specimens

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease characterized by pain, swelling, and joint stiffness, affecting all components of the joint and periarticular tissues. This study aimed to evaluate the histomorphological features of synovial tissue obtained during total knee arthroplasty in patients with grade 4 primary OA and to explore the relationship between synovitis scores and associated pathological changes. This retrospective, single-center cohort study included 115 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty for grade 4 primary OA between 2020 and 2023. Histological evaluations were performed on archived hematoxylin and eosin stained sections. Synovitis scores were calculated using a semiquantitative scoring system that assessed synovial lining hyperplasia, inflammatory infiltrate, and stromal fibrosis. Additional features such as vascularity, edema, multinucleated giant cells, and calcification were also evaluated. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Chi-squared tests, and Spearman correlation. Synovial inflammation was classified as mild in 73 patients (63.5%), moderate in 37 (32.2%), and severe in 5 (4.3%). Fibrosis was the most prominent histological finding, with severe fibrosis observed in 67 patients (58.3%) and moderate fibrosis in 40 patients (34.8%). The mean synovitis score was 4.9. While inflammation was generally mild to moderate, fibrosis and stromal proliferation contributed significantly to the overall score. A significant correlation was found between synovitis score and age ( P = .039; ρ = 0.193), as well as with the presence of multinucleated giant cells ( P < .001). Synovial fibrosis appears to be a defining feature of advanced-stage OA and may significantly contribute to pain. However, synovial inflammation should also be recognized as a key component in the disease’s pathophysiology. Standardized histopathological scoring systems improve the consistency of synovial assessment and can guide future research. Longitudinal studies investigating the progression of both fibrosis and inflammation across OA stages may support the development of targeted therapies.
No sex‐related differences in human corpus callosum based on magnetic resonance imagery

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Recent studies have reported sex‐related differences in the morphology of the human corpus callosum in cadaver brains. To further investigate these reports, sagittal magnetic resonance image scans from 40 male and 40 female subjects were used to compare callosal morphology. Relative callosal measurements were calculated by morphometric analysis. Significant sex‐related differences were not found for callosal areas, maximal callosal width, or callosal curvature. These results indicate the need for further study before claims of sex‐related differences can be accepted.
Prevalence and Distribution of Chloroquine Resistance and Susceptible Alleles of Plasmodium falciparum from Selected Primary Health Centers in North-Western Nigeria: Implications for Malaria Treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Since the detection of P. falciparum resistant to ACT in western Cambodia, malaria control and elimination efforts have become seriously threatened. The decline in the sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to Artemisinin Combination Therapy (ACT) in Nigeria has prompted the unofficial use of chloroquine (CQ) for self-medication. Due to the lost cost and effectiveness of CQ, this study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of chloroquine resistance alleles Pfcrt and Pfmdr1 in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from north-western Nigeria to assess the possibility of reintroducing CQ in this region. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, across five states in north-western Nigeria. After collecting a total of 466 P. falciparum-positive blood samples from various primary health centres in the states. DNA was extracted from these samples and analysed for the presence of mutations in the Pfcrt (K76T) and Pfmdr1 (N86Y) genes using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The prevalence of these mutations was determined and their distribution was analysed using chi-square, odds ratios, and paired t-tests. Results: The drug-susceptible Pfmdr1 N86 alleles were the most prevalent, observed in 47.9% of the samples, while the drug-resistant 86Y alleles were found in 28.3%. Also, the Pfcrt K76 alleles, responsible for CQ susceptibility, were present in 17.4% of samples, whereas the 76T alleles, responsible for resistance, were found in 12.4%. Mixed infections (K76T) were the least common at 3.6%. Significant variations were observed in the distribution of these alleles across the different states. Demographic analysis also showed variations in allele prevalence based on gender and age but were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The high prevalence of CQ-susceptible alleles, especially Pfmdr1 N86, suggests a reduction in CQ resistance in north-western Nigeria which aligns with trends observed in other regions where CQ-sensitive strains have resurfaced after the withdrawal of CQ. The results of this study suggest the possibility of (re)introducing CQ for malaria treatment in north-western Nigeria and provide insight into the genetic background of P. falciparum in the study area, especially if continuous surveillance and molecular monitoring are maintained. This is also a valuable tool in mitigating the threat posed by ACT resistance.
Data from Assessing Immune-Related Adverse Events of Efficacious Combination Immunotherapies in Preclinical Models of Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>New combination immunotherapies are displaying both efficacy and immune-related adverse events (irAE) in humans. However, grade 3/4 irAEs occur in a high proportion, which can lead to discontinuation of treatment and can result in fatalities if not promptly treated. Prolonged T regulatory cell (Treg) depletion in tumor-bearing Foxp3-DTR mice using diphtheria toxin (DT) mirrored the spectrum of antitumor responses and severity of irAEs that can occur in ipilimumab/nivolumab-treated patients. In contrast, transient Treg depletion or anti-CTLA-4/PD-1 therapy had equivalent effects in mice, lowering the immune tolerance threshold and allowing irAEs to be more easily induced following treatment with additional immunomodulatory antibodies. Transient Treg depletion of DT in combination with anti-PD-1 or anti-TIM-3 monoclonal antibodies had a high therapeutic window compared with DT plus anti-CD137. In contrast, DT plus anti-CD137–treated mice developed severe irAEs similar to grade 3/4 clinical symptoms. These irAEs appeared because of an infiltration of activated proliferating effector T cells in the tissues producing IFNγ and TNF; however, TNF blockade decreased irAEs severity without impacting on tumor growth. <i>Cancer Res; 76(18); 5288–301. ©2016 AACR</i>.</p></div>