jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Use of the Effluent from Marine Shrimp Culture to Grow Microalgae in Support of Oyster Growth in a Simulated Closed Microcosm Recirculating Aquaculture System

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, is an important species of shrimp due to their ability to survive in low salinities. They are typically found in the Pacific, from Mexico to Peru, in areas that have lower salinities than the typical ocean, making them a beneficial species for aquaculture farming. Shrimp excrete ammonia, a nitrogenous compound, which can build up in aquaculture farms. The goal of my project is to investigate the effects of nitrogenous pollutants on the growth rate of these shrimp. Tanks will be created to simulate normal, medium and highly nitrogenous conditions. Five tanks will be used as the controls and will have normal amounts of nutrients, no nitrogenous pollutants and a normal density. Five other tanks will have 50% and five more tanks will have a 100% increase of nitrogen levels above the control to simulate an aquaculture environment. The water conditions such as pH, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and total nitrate in the tanks will be monitored daily. The number of larvae in each stage in each tank will be recorded daily and the time between each molt will indicate the growth rate. It is expected that the shrimp in the high nutrient tanks will have a higher growth rate initially, but will decline after a certain level. This research could be beneficial because the threshold for nitrogen levels for Pacific white shrimp cultivation can be determined.
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THERMAL COMFORT IN AN ISOLATED FAMILY HOUSE UNDER NATURAL CROSS-VENTILATION

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Thermal comfort for naturally ventilated buildings mainly depends on parameters such as the outside weather, building configuration and neighborhood effects. Even though most research works include studies on indoor thermal comfort coupled with outdoor conditions, they are generally limited to singlesided ventilation. In addition, only a very few such investigations employ the human thermal comfort index (PMV) in the analysis of the indoor environment, which is generally held to be more realistic than other indices. Simulations using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) have been carried out for the wind-driven natural ventilation (for a cooling purpose) of a residential building with two inlet openings to understand the relationship between the wind speed and human thermal sensation index. The numerical model is validated against available experimental data. The CFD results show that human thermal comfort is significantly affected by the wind speed, and this factor can be more active in this type of building if the wind has a relatively high speed.
The Role of Cytochrome P450 Epoxygenases in Retinal Angiogenesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The CYP-derived 11,12-EET may exhibit a proangiogenic biological function in the retina following stimulation by hypoxia in astrocytes. Inhibition of CYP may provide a rational therapy against retinal NV, because it can reduce VEGF production and VEGF-induced angiogenic responses in endothelial cells.
Yield, chemical composition and nutritional quality responses of carrot, radish and turnip to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND Future concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is very important due to its apparent economic and environmental impact in terms of climate change. However, a compressive assessment of its effect on the nutritional and chemical characteristics of food crops has yet to be established. In the present study the impact of elevated atmospheric CO 2 on the yield, chemical composition and nutritional quality of three root vegetables, carrot ( Daucus carota L. cv. T‐1‐111), radish ( Raphanus sativus L. cv. Mino) and turnip ( Brassica rapa L. cv. Grabe) has been investigated. RESULTS The yield of carrot, radish and turnip increased by 69, 139 and 72%, respectively, when grown under elevated CO 2 conditions. Among the proximate composition, protein, vitamin C and fat contents decreased significantly for all the vegetables while sugar and fibre contents were increased. Response of the vegetables to elevated CO 2 , in terms of elemental composition, was different with a significant decrease in many important minerals. Elevated CO 2 decreased the amount of majority of the fatty acids and amino acids in these vegetables. CONCLUSIONS It was observed that elevated CO 2 increased the yield of root vegetables but many important nutritional parameters including protein, vitamin C, minerals, essential fatty acids and amino acids were decreased. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
New Serratene Triterpenoids from Palhinhaea cernua and Their Cytotoxic Activity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Four new serratene triterpenoids, 3β,21β,24-trihydroxyserrat-14-en-24-(4'-hydroxybenzoate) (1), 3β,21α,24-trihydroxyserrat-14-en-3-(4'-hydroxybenzoate) (2), 3β,14α,15α,21α-tetrahydroxyserrat-14-en-3-(3'-methoxyl-4'-hydroxybenzoate) (3), and 3β,14α,15α,21α-tetrahydroxyserrat-14-en-21-acetyl-3-(4'-hydroxybenzoate) (4), together with two known ones, 5 and 6, were isolated from whole plants of Palhinhaea cernua. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. All the six compounds were tested for their in vitro cytotoxicity against three human cancer cell lines (K562, SMMC-7721, and SGC7901). Compound 5 showed cytotoxicity against the three test cell lines with IC₅₀ values of 20.3, 34.0, and 22.5 ug/mL, respectively. Compound 1 showed slight cytotoxicity against K562 cell lines with IC₅₀ value of 56.1 ug/mL, while no obvious inhibitory effects were detected for other compounds.
Cross‐national Evaluation of Made‐in Concept Using MultipleCues

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Investigates the effects of three countries of origin, three brand names and three levels of price and service on consumers′ perceptions of the purchase value of an automobile. Based on data collected from a random sample of 179 Canadians and 197 Belgians, the results indicate that the effects of price are not very important. Brand name is a more important cue than made‐in for Belgian consumers, but not for Canadian consumers. Concludes that modifications to marketing strategies for global products may be needed from one consuming country to another.
A Software Defined Radio Interrogator for Passive Harmonic Transponders

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Passive wireless sensors provide an opportunity for long term monitoring of remote environments. Such devices are activated with an interrogation signal which enables them to transmit information via a return signal. Some systems utilize the same frequency for interrogation and the return, which causes unwanted interference, particularly in cluttered environments. This work considers an interrogation system for a different class of passive devices, i.e., passive harmonic transponders. Specifically, we present the results of a single-board software defined radio (SDR) interrogation system which transmits an interrogation signal at 1.3 GHz and receives a return at 2.6 GHz. The system is demonstrated with a device known as a passive, chipless frequency doubling reflectenna (FDR). The SDR platform enables a compact, low-cost, and quickly operating design. The mean absolute error of the proposed interrogator was found to be 1.15 dB when compared with laboratory instrumentation. Additionally, this system is capable of interrogating at 70 cm with an EIRP of only 0dBm.
Earth’s Climate History from 4.5 Billion Years to One Minute

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Earth's climate history is important for understanding the dynamics and feedbacks of the climate system. However, atmospheric sciences generally focus on shorter timescales, while geological sciences focus on longer timescales, but a unified picture is desired. This paper reviews the observations of Earth's climate history from 4.5 billion years to one minute with emphasis on temperature, sea level, and atmospheric carbon dioxide. Earth's climate history shows dominant climate modes such as the supercontinent cycles, interglacial cycles, millennial cycles, multi-decadal oscillation, interannual oscillation, seasonal cycle and diurnal cycle. The amplitudes of the dominant climate variability generally decrease from the billion-year timescales to interannual timescales, then significantly increase at subannual to diurnal timescales.
Rehabilitation of patients with rheumatoid arthritis after hip arthroplasty

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A complex of rehabilitation measures for 72 patients with rheumatoid arthritis after total hip arthroplasty is presented. Complex restorative treatment was carried out: physical treatment aimed at restoring muscle function; physical and manual treatment aimed at reducing pain syndrome, teaching the correct load on the operated limb when walking with crutches and the recommended amplitude of movements in the joint. Stabilometry was performed on the BioMera platform, a complex for diagnostics, treatment, and rehabilitation of patients with motor pathologies «Trust-M». Methods of descriptive statistics were used. The main attention was paid to restoration or retraining of patients after hip arthroplasty to a normal dynamic walking stereotype. Patients were trained both to walk with and without crutches, to perform a normal walking cycle with the maximum possible observance of its normalized periods when transitioning to walking without support. For this purpose, the patient and others were familiarized with the rules of the normal walking pattern.
Demonstrate Values: Behavioral Displays of Moral Outrage as a Cue to Long-Term Mate Potential

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Recent findings suggest that moral outrage serves an interpersonal function of signaling trustworthiness to others and such perceptions play a uniquely important role in identifying social opportunities. We conducted four studies investigating how behavioral displays of moral outrage are perceived in the specific context of mating. Results indicated participants (particularly women) found prospective mates espousing outrage more desirable for long-term mating (Study 1), and this perception of desirability was similarly inferred among same-sex raters (Study 2). We further replicated findings in Study 1, while additionally considering the basis of women’s attraction toward outraged behavior through candidate mediators (Studies 3 and 4). Although we found consistent evidence for the long-term desirability of outraged behavior, in addition, to trustworthiness, evidence remained mixed on the extent to which evaluations of a prospective mate’s outrage was the basis of effects. We frame results from complementary perspectives of trust signaling and sexual strategies theory.
Perceived input control on online platforms from the application developer perspective: conceptualisation and scale development

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Over the last decade, applications of third-party developers have become the cornerstone of platform ecosystems' success and sustainability. Given their importance, the procedures used on platforms to screen and sort out developers and their applications are crucial in regulating platform openness. Although Information Systems (IS) research has paid considerable attention to traditional control modes, there is still a lack of research on input control and how it is conceptualised and measured from the application developer perspective. We conceptualise perceived input control (PIC) as a second-order construct and empirically refine it over several rounds of validation concluding with a web-based survey of mobile application developers (N=100). Our measurement instrument not only captures application developers' overall perceptions of input control across different platform contexts but also breaks these perceptions down into distinct lower-level input control factors. Furthermore, we demonstrate PIC's nomological validity and predictive power in the context of IS continuance research.
Schistosomiasis in migrants: bridging the gap in Italy’s treatment guidelines and access

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Schistosomiasis is a widespread disease that can cause serious health issues if not diagnosed and treated promptly. Fortunately, there is an effective and safe treatment available: praziquantel (PZQ). In countries with a high influx of migrants from schistosomiasis-endemic regions, it is crucial to ensure the availability of PZQ. This discussion will address the barriers and the need for PZQ in Italy.
Organ specificity of fungal pathogens on host and non-host plants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cochliobolus heterostrophus and Nectria haematococca are fungal pathogens of maize and pea, respectively. C. heterostrophus infects the foliage, but not the roots of maize whereas N. haematococca attacks the roots and the stem base, but not the leaves of pea. A recombinant strain of C. heterostrophus overexpressing the PDA-T9 gene, which encodes pisatin demethylase of N. haematococca, colonized unwounded pea leaves but not pea roots and thus retained its organ specificity on a non-host plant. N. haematococca did not infect unwounded leaves of its own host, pea. Under our experimental conditions, the organ specificity of C. heterostrophus on pea was unchanged after wounding the tissues, while N. haematococca rapidly colonized the aerial parts of pea after wounding.
Early Refinancing and Maturity Management in the Corporate Bond Market

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper studies early refinancing activities in the corporate bond market and its impli-cations for debt maturity structure. In additional to interest rate reduction, speculative-grade firms constantly extend maturity through early refinancing. Moreover, they take advantage of accommodating credit market conditions to extend maturity on a large scale, leading to pro-cyclical debt maturity structure. The evidence is consistent with precautionary maturity management, where speculative-grade firms extend maturity in order to hedge against future refinancing risk, as the longer maturity reduces the possibility of being forced to refinancing at high yield rates. In contrast, investment-grade firms do not appear to manage their maturity similarly, as they are less exposed to refinancing risk.
Estimating Multiple Frequency-Hopping Signal Parameters via Sparse Linear Regression

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Frequency hopping (FH) signals have well-documented merits for commercial and military applications due to their near-far resistance and robustness to jamming. Estimating FH signal parameters (e.g., hopping instants, carriers, and amplitudes) is an important and challenging task, but optimum estimation incurs an unrealistic computational burden. The spectrogram has long been the starting non-parametric estimator in this context, followed by line spectra refinements. The problem is that hop timing estimates derived from the spectrogram are coarse and unreliable, thus severely limiting performance. A novel approach is developed in this paper, based on sparse linear regression (SLR). Using a dense frequency grid, the problem is formulated as one of under-determined linear regression with a dual sparsity penalty, and its exact solution is obtained using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMoM). The SLR-based approach is further broadened to encompass polynomial-phase hopping (PPH) signals, encountered in chirp spread spectrum modulation. Simulations demonstrate that the developed estimator outperforms spectrogram-based alternatives, especially with regard to hop timing estimation, which is the crux of the problem.
The synergistic effect of fenretinide and metformin to achieve a decrease in insulin resistance and inflammatory mediators: an in vivo study

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: The effects of metformin and fenretinide on insulin resistance and inflammatory mediators were investigated to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: Type 2 diabetes was induced in adult albino Wistar rats via the administration of streptozotocin and nicotinamide. Rats were divided as follows: Group I, control rats administered normal saline solution; Group II, diabetic rats; Group III, diabetic rats treated with metformin; Group IV, diabetic rats administered fenretinide; and Group V, diabetic rats administered both metformin and fenretinide.Results: Fasting blood glucose (FBG) was increased in diabetic rats compared to control rats (p<0.05). However, both FBG and glycated hemoglobin levels were decreased (p<0.05) in diabetic rats treated with fenretinide and metformin compared to diabetic untreated rats. A positive relationship was identified between RBP4 level and insulin resistance. Further, diabetic rats treated with fenretinide and metformin had decreased RBP4 levels. Conversely, GLUT4 mRNA was markedly increased (p<0.05) in diabetic rats administered fenretinide and metformin, thereby improving insulin sensitivity. TNF-α level showed a direct relationship with the insulin resistance. Evidently, metformin and fenretinide decreased plasma IL-6 level and increased IL-10 levels.Conclusion: Metformin and fenretinide exhibit individual and synergistic effects when administered to treat diabetes in a rat model.Abbreviations: RBP4: Retinol-binding protein 4; IL: Interleukin; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha; STZ: Streptozotocin; NaF: sodium fluoride; cDNA: complementary DNA; ACTB: beta-actin; GLUT4: glucose transporter type 4; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; VLDL: very-low-density lipoprotein; TAG: triacylglycerol; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; FBG: fasting blood glucose; DIO: diet-induced obese; IR: insulin receptor; TG: triglyceride
THE ANALOGS OF POLYAMINES, MODIFIED BY THE NITROGEN BASES, AS THE POTENTIAL ANTITUMOR AGENTS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Performed has been the investigation of dependence of the biological activity of polamines analogs on the quantity of the methylene groups in the aliphatic chain of analogs, the presence of the cytotoxicity of the analogs with the terminal OH-group has been shown, the inductance of the polyamines biosynthesis by its analogs with the insertion of substances in the cultural medium with the tumor cells has been revealed. The biological activity of thee polyamines analogs has been determined, the antiproliferative action of bis(uracyl)-analogs, inhibiting the polamines synthesis and activating the polyamines catabolism ferments, has been shown, the possibility of use of the acellular test-systems for the primary selection of the low-toxic substances with the antitumor activity has been justified
The judgement in Matthew

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

As many scholars have noted, the judgement by Jesus the Son of Man is one of the most important elements in Matthew's gospel. In this chapter, we shall examine Matthew's particular concept of Jesus the Son of Man as judge and how it relates to both Jewish and Christian apocalyptic-eschatological schemes. Prior to our consideration of this theme, it is necessary first to detail two eschatological events which, according to the evangelist's end-time chronology, must take place prior to the judgement. These events are the general resurrection of the dead and the recreation of the cosmos, both of which are common themes in apocalyptic eschatology.
Lifetime Reproductive Performance of Brood Cows Representing First-Crosses Between Three Exotic and Three British Breeds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Prior to 1900, the North American beef industry was dominated by the three British breeds, the Angus, Hereford and Shorthorn introduced to this continent by early settlers. Differences in their ability to adapt to the wide range in environmental conditions were reflected in differences in rates of expansion and geographical dispersion. Cattle of predominantly Hereford breeding proved most adaptable to extensive rangeland management and they had come to predominate on the semi-arid Western plains. Elsewhere the three breeds were of approximately equal importance with some preference for Shorthorn under circumstances where both milk and beef production were desired.
Massive gastric distension in acute pancreatitis—a report of two cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Massive gastric distension was diagnosed in 2 patients with acute pancreatitis. Both showed signs of severe peripheral circulatory failure, and responded well to intravenous fluid replacement and nasogastric aspiration. A review of the literature revealed only 2 previously reported cases. The possible mechanisms linking the pathogenesis of these 2 conditions are discussed.
Terras pretas: Approaches to formation processes in a new paradigm

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Terras pretas (Amazonian Dark Earths) are a remarkable kind of archaeological site found in the Amazon region. Rich in cultural artifacts and other occupational debris, these dark anthropogenic soil matrices are very fertile, presenting high levels of organic carbon, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, zinc, and manganese. Their high nutrient levels come from decomposed organic matter, including remains of fish, shellfish, game, and other refuse, while their dark color has been linked to residual charcoal from intentional fires associated with daily activities and landscape management. Studies of anthropogenic earths in the Amazon have a deep history, as much in the geosciences as in archaeology and other historical sciences. Terras pretas have been studied as evidence of a major shift in human–environment relations, but also within the lens of environmental resiliency and sustainability. We review representative studies from various disciplinary fields and trace the development of knowledge about terra preta . We present a growing consensus with regard to the origin and significance of anthropogenic soils, concomitant with increased efforts toward interdisciplinary study. We argue that terras pretas constitute a genuinely interdisciplinary research topic that bridges scientific and traditional knowledge and applied contexts.
Implication of Altered Acoustic Active Space for Cetacean Species That Result from Soundscape Changes and Noise Additions

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Organisms use multi-modal, scale-dependent, sensory information to decipher their surroundings. This can include, for example, recognizing the presence of con- or heterospecifics, including a predatory threat, the presence and abundance of prey, or navigational cues to travel between breeding or feeding areas. Here we advocate for the use of the concept of active space to understand the extent to which an individual might be sending and receiving habitat information, describing this as the active component of their niche space. We present the use of active space as a means to understand ecological interactions, giving focus to those species whose active space is acoustically defined, in particular, cetacean species. We show how the application of estimates of active space, and changes in extent, can help better understand the potential disturbance effects of changes in the soundscape, and be a useful metric to estimate possible adverse effects even when stress responses, or behavioral or calling modifications are not obvious.