jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sharing place and space to promote wellbeing for old and young people in a neighbourhood

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The increasing number of older people in many countries is often seen as a burden. Alternatively, these numbers can be seen as a longevity dividend, providing a resource for our communities. We sought to find a way to use the resource by working with schools in a range of socio- economic neighbourhoods & explore the benefit for all stakeholders & the sustainability of such an approach. The issues we addressed are of relevance in most of Europe, despite the variations in the school systems. Intergen is the name of the model developed over 20 years in England. 3 schools in a neighbourhood work in partnership.An older person is appointed by the school to recruit older people in the neighbourhood with the skills and knowledge the schools require to enhance the learning opportunities of their pupils.Coordinators in each school meet once a term to review progress, problems & organise a social gathering for volunteers. All stakeholders' views of the value of the programme were collected. Key questions to be answered are: Can older people be a resource for pupils to improve performance & wellbeing in both the younger & older populations?Is the model sustainable and affordable?How can it be mainstreamed? Results 26 schools, primary and secondary in 7 municipalities engaged in the project after 10 years development phase with 10 schools in one municipality. Schools in London and Greater Manchester areas. 15 schools remained in the programme paying for the service for 5 years. A review of the impact of the programme showed all head teachers thought it innovative, & made a difference in their pupils' wellbeing. Older people were seen as a positive resource by both teachers & pupils. Older people felt valued & part of community. Reduction of negative stereotypes occurred. Interactions went beyond the operational tasks set for the older people. Only a public health approach can promote sustainability of the model & its benefits for communities. Key messages A tried and tested model sharing place and space to promote wellbeing in neighbourhoods for old and young citizens. The important role of Public Health in promoting innovative practice in silo ridden health and social care systems building the evidence base and building bridges.
Exploring the Role of Molecular Dynamics Simulations in Most Recent Cancer Research: Insights into Treatment Strategies

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cancer is a complex disease that is characterized by uncontrolled growth and division of cells. It involves a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors that lead to the initiation and progression of tumors. Recent advances in molecular dynamics simulations have revolutionized our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer initiation and progression. Molecular dynamics simulations enable researchers to study the behavior of biomolecules at an atomic level, providing insights into the dynamics and interactions of proteins, nucleic acids, and other molecules involved in cancer development. In this review paper, we provide an overview of the latest advances in molecular dynamics simulations of cancer cells. We will discuss the principles of molecular dynamics simulations and their applications in cancer research. We also explore the role of molecular dynamics simulations in understanding the interactions between cancer cells and their microenvironment, including signaling pathways, proteinprotein interactions, and other molecular processes involved in tumor initiation and progression. In addition, we highlight the current challenges and opportunities in this field and discuss the potential for developing more accurate and personalized simulations. Overall, this review paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of molecular dynamics simulations in cancer research, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer initiation and progression.
A Machinery Arm System Controlled by EEG

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The following description illustrates the implementation of an EEG-based Brain Computer Interface (BCI) for control of robotic arm utilizing electroencephalography (EEG) rhythms. The signals are collected with a headset witch denoises and classifies sampling signals adopting Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Kalman filter. These signals are deciphered to signals that can be eventually understood by certain machine, and then transmitted to a single-chip system by employing Bluetooth Module. Signals received by end-user machine will be compiled into control commands by MCU system and these commands are used to control actions of a robotic arm. Keywords: electroencephalogram;EEG;brain computer interface;BCI;MCU;robotic arm
International law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Based on current Russian legislation, international treaties, and scientific research, the textbook examines in detail the main concepts, categories, branches, and institutions of modern international law. The content of the manual covers the basic conceptual and terminological apparatus of international law and the main problems of its application and interpretation. Special attention is paid to the global problems of our time. Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of educational institutions of higher education studying in the direction of training 40.03.01 "Jurisprudence", as well as for graduate students, students of the system of additional professional education, teachers and anyone interested in the development, improvement and implementation of international law.
The effect of bifidobacterium quadruple living bacterium on intestinal mucosal barrier and inflammatory factor of cirrhosis patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To discuss the effect of bifidobacterium quadruple living bacterium on intestinal mucosal barrier and inflammatory factor of cirrhosis patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP).Methods 68cirrhosis patients with SBP were divided into treatment group and control group.All the patients got traditional treatment as low-salt diet,Protect liver diuresis,albumin supply and anti-infection.The patients of treatment group got extra Ireatment as taking bifidobacterium quadruple living bacterium orally 1.5 g every time,3 times per day for 6 weeks.Results After 6 weeks' treatment,compared with pretherapy,the blood endotoxin,PCT and urinary L/M of both of the two groups descended significantly(control group comparison P 0.05 or treatment group comparison P0.01),and the reducing is more obvious in treatment group(P0.05) than that in control group.And the blood TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-10 levels of both of the two groups descended significantly(control group comparison P 0.05 or treatment group comparison P 0.01),and the reducing was more obvious in treatment group(P0.05) than that in control group.The total effective rate of treatment group was significant higher than that of control group(P 0.01).There was no obvious side effect observed during the treatment of the two groups.Conclusion Treating cirrhosis patients with SBP by bifidobacterium quadruple living bacterium shows a good curative effect and high safety.Bifidobacterium quadruple living bacterium can protect and improve the intestinal mucosal barrier,reduce the plasma levels of TNF-a,IL-6 and IL-10,relieve the inflammatory reaction,so it can be a adjunctive therapy for cirrhosis treatment.
Visual Hypoemotionality (Secondary Visual Derealization) in a Patient with a Right Posterior Temporoparietal Lesion (P2.154)

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: We report a rare case of secondary visual derealization/hypoemotionality in a patient with a right posterior temporoparietal lesion. BACKGROUND : Derealization is a perceptual alteration of the external world such that it is experienced as unreal. Secondary derealization is most frequently encountered in patients with epilepsy and migraine; less commonly patients with bilateral or right-lateralized occipitotemporal lesions have reported visual hypoemotionality. METHODS: Case history of an individual with modality-specific, visual derealization following neurosurgical intervention. RESULTS: 50-year-old, right-handed man with no past neurologic history presented to the emergency department after a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Patient endorsed 3-6 months of recurrent deja vu. His medical-neuropsychiatric history was notable for three prior military-related head trauma events with loss of consciousness, remote transient depression in the context of psychosocial stress, and alcohol misuse. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) revealed a 15x7mm T1 hypointense non-enhancing lesion in the right medial temporal lobe. A dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor was diagnosed following stereotactic biopsy. Patient responded sub-optimally to multiple anti-epileptic drugs and was evaluated for surgery. Inpatient video-electroencephalography(EEG) captured a right temporal onset seizure. The day following MRI-guided lesional thermal ablation, patient developed a new left-visual field defect. Non-contrast computed tomography showed a 3.7x2.6x3.3cm right posterior temporoparietal intraparenchymal hemorrhage. While his visual-field deficits gradually improved, he endorsed feeling estranged from his visual experiences despite normal visual acuity. He reported that visual stimuli “didn’t feel real” and appeared devoid of emotional coloring. Other sensory modalities, including auditory and somatosensory, were reportedly unaffected. He endorsed derealization on the Dissociative Experiences Scale (pre vs. post surgery score change: 19 to 30). EEG showed right>left temporal theta-delta slowing without epileptiform activity. His visual hypoemotionality has persisted for 10 months. CONCLUSIONS: This case implicates the right posterior temporoparietal cortex in secondary visual derealization, potentially through inferior longitudinal fasciculus mediated visual-limbic disconnection. Study Supported by: none Disclosure: Dr. Perez has nothing to disclose. Dr. Prasad has nothing to disclose. Dr. Acar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Meadows has nothing to disclose. Dr. Golby has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dworetzky has received personal compensation for activities with Sleep Health/Digitrace Company, Best Doctors, and Second Opinion Neurology.
On Examining Specificity in Latent Construct Indicators

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A latent variable modeling procedure for examining specificity in any indicator of a common factor for a set of repeatedly administered measures is outlined in a longitudinal design setting with measurement invariance and specificity stability over time. The method permits one to test whether there is specificity in a given indicator and in the affirmative case allows one to point and interval estimate the specificity variance in that measure. The discussed procedure is readily applicable with popular software, is based on empirically testable conditions, and is illustrated with an example.
Primary and preschool immunisation in Grampian: progress and the 1990 contract.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Primary and preschool immunisation rates for preschool children in Grampian showed a sustained improvement during 1990 and consolidation in 1991. Although overall trends were unchanged, 18 months after the introduction of the 1990 contract only one practice failed to meet lower target levels of 70% for both primary and preschool immunisation. By September 1991 more than three out of four practices had reached levels of at least 95% for primary immunisation.
Effect of stimulation of hepatic nerves on hepatic O2 uptake and blood flow

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acute denervation of the liver did not result in changes of oxygen uptake or hemodynamics in the intact liver of the cat. Stimulation of the hepatic nerves resulted in a marked reduction of vascular conductance of the hepatic artery and portal vein (intrahepatic) resulting in almost complete cessation of arterial flow and increased portal blood pressure. The hepatic artery showed a more complete escape from the neurogenic vasoconstriction than did the portal vein. During the stable "escape phase" oxygen delivery was 86% of control, but hepatic extraction of oxygen increased so that oxygen uptake was not altered from control values. The return of oxygen consumption to normal during nerve stimulation suggests that redistribution of hepatic blood flow did not occur. In spite of arterial and portal venous blood pressure changes and changes in gut conductance, oxygen extraction of the gut did not change.
University sustainability assessment and reporting: Preliminary findings from the Italian context

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

With universities playing a key role in creating and promoting sustainable development, they are inevitably called upon to report to stakeholders their active commitment to facing social and environmental issues using comprehensive and clear reporting tools. GRI Standards provide guidelines to help write these reports, yet these can lead universities to prepare heterogeneous documents that are difficult to understand and compare in terms of both information and results. Considering Italian state universities, this paper examines the materiality matrix, a tool used to disclose social, environmental and economic efforts toward the stakeholders. Preliminary results seem to show that somehow universities have misunderstood the GRI 2016 guidelines concerning the materiality matrix. The paper concludes by outlining the limitations of the study and offering suggestions for future research.
Determination of Heat Transfer Coefficients for Continuous Belt Freezers

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Air‐product heat‐transfer coefficients for belt freezers were determined experimentally. Measurements were performed for foods (beef hamburgers) and a model substance (copper disk) using a prototype tunnel. Air flow parallel, as well as perpendicular, to the belt, was employed; in the latter case moving upwards or downwards through the belt. From the measured temperatures, heat‐transfer coefficients were calculated using appropriate mathematical methods. Values obtained for both types of materials were compared, and the usefulness of the test substance was discussed. From these data, simple and precise regressions were obtained, useful to predict the coefficient for the above mentioned types of air flow and valid over a wide range of operating conditions in belt freezers.
Plasmodium falciparum -like parasites infecting wild apes in southern Cameroon do not represent a recurrent source of human malaria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Wild-living chimpanzees and gorillas harbor a multitude of Plasmodium species, including six of the subgenus Laverania , one of which served as the progenitor of Plasmodium falciparum . Despite the magnitude of this reservoir, it is unknown whether apes represent a source of human infections. Here, we used Plasmodium species-specific PCR, single-genome amplification, and 454 sequencing to screen humans from remote areas of southern Cameroon for ape Laverania infections. Among 1,402 blood samples, we found 1,000 to be Plasmodium mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) positive, all of which contained human parasites as determined by sequencing and/or restriction enzyme digestion. To exclude low-abundance infections, we subjected 514 of these samples to 454 sequencing, targeting a region of the mtDNA genome that distinguishes ape from human Laverania species. Using algorithms specifically developed to differentiate rare Plasmodium variants from 454-sequencing error, we identified single and mixed-species infections with P. falciparum , Plasmodium malariae , and/or Plasmodium ovale . However, none of the human samples contained ape Laverania parasites, including the gorilla precursor of P. falciparum . To characterize further the diversity of P. falciparum in Cameroon, we used single-genome amplification to amplify 3.4-kb mtDNA fragments from 229 infected humans. Phylogenetic analysis identified 62 new variants, all of which clustered with extant P. falciparum , providing further evidence that P. falciparum emerged following a single gorilla-to-human transmission. Thus, unlike Plasmodium knowlesi -infected macaques in southeast Asia, African apes harboring Laverania parasites do not seem to serve as a recurrent source of human malaria, a finding of import to ongoing control and eradication measures.
The effect of systemic antibiotics on clinical and patient‐reported outcome measures of oral implant therapy with simultaneous guided bone regeneration

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives The aim of the present superiority study was to determine the effect of systemic antibiotics primarily on patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) and post‐surgical complications in patients undergoing oral implant therapy with simultaneous guided bone regeneration (GBR). Materials and Methods A total of 236 medically and periodontally healthy patients received oral implants with simultaneous GBR at seven centres. Pre‐operative antibiotics of 2 g amoxicillin were prescribed to the test group 1 hr prior to surgery and 500 mg thrice daily on days 1–3 after surgery. The control group was given a placebo. Group allocation was performed randomly. Primary outcome variables were PROMs recorded as visual analogue scale scores assessed on days 1–7 and 14 on pain, swelling, haematoma and bleeding. Post‐operative complications as secondary outcome variables were examined at 1, 2, 4 and 12 weeks from surgery. Chi‐square tests and repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed for statistical evaluation. Results No statistically significant differences ( p > .05) between the two groups were detected for the evaluated PROMs. The same was noted with respect to post‐surgical complications. Four implants were lost—three in the test group and one in the control group. Conclusion In this trial, systemic antibiotics did not provide additional benefits to PROMs, nor the prevention of post‐surgical complications in medically and periodontally healthy patients undergoing oral implant therapy with simultaneous GBR. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are still required to support the clinical outcomes of this study.
Hidden Universality in the Merger Rate Distribution in the Primordial Black Hole Scenario

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract It has been proposed that primordial black holes (PBHs) form binaries in the radiation dominated era. Once formed, some fraction of them may merge within the age of the universe by gravitational radiation reaction. We investigate the merger rate of the PBH binaries when the PBHs have a distribution of masses around , which is a generalization of the previous studies where the PBHs are assumed to have the same mass. After deriving a formula for the merger time probability distribution in the PBH mass plane, we evaluate it under two different approximations. We identify a quantity constructed from the mass distribution of the merger rate density per unit cosmic time and comoving volume , , which universally satisfies 0.97 ≲ α ≲ 1.05 for all binary masses independently of the PBH mass function. This result suggests that the measurement of this quantity is useful for testing the PBH scenario.
Use of face mask in COVID-19 pandemic-a review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The current novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease of the respiratory tract and rapidly spreading all over the world in short span of time. In current COVID-19 pandemic, use of the face mask is becoming usual and ubiquitous for both health care workers and public individuals. Wearing face mask is one of the non-pharmaceutical interventions which need minimum cost and provide dramatic response for preventing the COVID-19 infection. Limited availability of the vaccine and inadequate supply of therapeutic options, face mask use is an important part for public health measures for restricting the COVID-19 spread. Regardless of the debate among medical community regarding global face mask production shortage, a greater number of countries in the world are moving ahead with recommendations or mandates for using face mask in public. As currently global shortage of N95/FFP2 respirators and surgical masks for use by health care workers in the hospitals, simple cloth masks will act as a pragmatic solution for the use of the public. General public often use the surgical mask or even filtering facepiece (FFP) masks irrespective of their need, resulting unnecessary shortage for needy individuals those are exposed to the patients or those are health care workers. So, this review article will clarify the indication of the different types of masks and their rational use in the current COVID-19 pandemic.
Clinical Use of Anticonvulsants: A Neurologist's Perspective

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Seizures may have an acute, reversible cause; antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are not needed for every patient who presents with a seizure. The neurologist's decision concerning whether to initiate drug therapy depends on verifying that one or more seizures has occurred, on determining the likelihood of recurrence, and on balancing the risks of future seizures against the risks of treatment. Choice of AED is guided by classification of the seizure type and epilepsy syndrome, and by assessment of the likelihood of successful use based on patient characteristics such as age, childbearing potential, and comorbidities, balanced against drug characteristics such as pharmacokinetic profile and common side effects. Dose adjustment depends on communication between the physician and patient regarding seizure control and adverse drug effects. Patients who do not respond adequately to the first two or three appropriate AEDs should be referred for a comprehensive evaluation to verify the diagnosis and determine suitability for alternative treatments such as epilepsy surgery.
Kinetics of Polymer Conformational Changes and Its Role in Flocculation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The kinetics of conformational changes of a series of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides (HPAM) adsorbed on alumina in aqueous solutions was studied along with the flocculation of alumina. After the polymer was adsorbed, the conformation of the adsorbed polymer was changed by shifting the suspension pH. It was found that the kinetics of the polymer conformational change was dependent upon the hydrolysis degree and the molecular weight. It was found that while under fixed pH conditions the flocculation continuously decreased apparently due to floc breakage; under shifted pH conditions (from low to high) it went through a maximum as a function of time. When the effects of floc breakage caused by agitation are isolated and accounted for the flocculation is found to correlate well with the conformational changes in the system. It is proposed that the unusual flocculation time dependence obtained under the shifted pH condition is caused by the combination of the beneficial effect of the predominant polymer conformational changes and the detrimental effect of floc breakage by agitation.