jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Data-Driven Soft Sensor for Crude Oil Fouling Monitoring in Heat Exchanger Networks

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Crude oil fouling within heat exchanger networks (HENs) is a long-standing challenge that detrimentally affects heat transfer efficiency, increases operating and maintenance costs, and burdens regular cleaning operations. Previous approaches to mitigate the oil fouling involved regular mechanical or chemical cleaning of the HENs. While researchers have developed some fouling models to calculate the crude oil fouling in HENs, these models primarily focused on the chemical reaction fouling and often neglected the influence of flow velocity and temperatures. Consequently, they may not offer precise theoretical guidance for optimizing cleaning operations. To address this gap, this study presents a data-driven model for monitoring crude oil fouling in HENs using an online dataset obtained from real-world industrial operations and then predicts the fouling development in the future to optimize the cleaning operation schedule. By analyzing all available measured data from industrial HENs, we explore the correlations among various operational parameters. The obtained soft sensor models, which include the coupling of the main influencing parameters, were obtained by training the measured data. Subsequently, we validate the proposed soft sensor models by comparing their predictions of fouling in different periods. The results exhibit strong agreement between the predicted and measured fouling levels, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed soft sensor model in real-time monitoring of crude oil fouling, with an ${R}^{{2}}$ value of around 0.90. These findings substantiate the model's capacity to calculate future fouling development, thereby providing valuable insights for the optimization of cleaning schedules of oil refineries.
Ultrastructural Changes and Proliferation of Pituicytes in Mouse Posterior Lobe during Water Deprivation and Rehydration

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Ultrastructural changes and proliferation of pituicytes during water deprivation and rehydration were studied in the posterior lobe of C57BL/Tw mice. Deprivation for 3 days brought about a significant increase in the number of electron-dense bodies (lysosomes) in pituicyte perikarya and their processes. The frequency of pituicytes enclosing neurosecretory axons in their cytoplasm significantly decreased as compared with that of the controls. 12-hour rehydration following deprivation for 3 days induced extensive development of rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus and an increase in frequency of neurosecretory axons enwrapped by pituicyte cytoplasm. However, at 2 days of rehydration the morphology of pituicytes was no more different from that of the controls. Mitotic figures of pituicytes were not encountered throughout the deprivation period of 6 days, but rehydration for 12 h and 1, 2, or 3 days following deprivation for 3 or 6 days was effective in eliciting an increase in mitotic activity. The present results indicate that pituicytes in the mouse posterior lobe are intimately related with the secretory mechanism of neurosecretory material from the neurosecretory axons and that the proliferation of pituicytes is stimulated in conditions of reaccumulation of neurosecretory material.
Internal fixation devices for repair of femoral fracture in Lion-tailed Macaque (Macaca silenus)

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Wild animals, like domestic animals, are prone to accidents such as road collision, falls, drowning, fires which might lead to death. Although animals with bone fractures are very rarely noticed in the wild because only a negligible portion suffer from such accidents. Femoral shaft fracture is commonly seen in dog and cat and in almost every instance, surgical intervention is required (Leighton, 1994). This communication describes the successful management of femoral shaft fracture in a Lion-tailed Macaque.
Depressive mixed state: Evidence for a new form of depressive state in type I and II bipolar patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: A high proportion of unipolar and bipolar type II patients can present a depressive mixed state (DMX). This state is defined by an association of a major depressive episode with at least two specific hypomanic symptoms. This state seems underdiagnosed and this could have treatment implications. The aims of our study were: (i) to investigate the frequency of DMX in type I and II bipolar patients hospitalized for a severe or resistant depressive episode and (ii) to assess the therapeutic response in naturalistic conditions. METHODS: Forty-two consecutive bipolar patients referred by psychiatrists for a severe or resistant depressive episode were assessed using the French version of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview 5.0 (MINI 5.0), which assesses the suicide risk and provides DSM-IV diagnosis. The intensity of mood episodes was evaluated using the MADRS and Bech-Rafaelsen Mania Scale. One group of patients included patients presenting only depressive symptoms (ie, pure major depressive episode (MDE)), and the second group included patients with a major depressive episode and at least two specific hypomanic symptoms (DMX). RESULTS: Twenty-one patients (50%) had a pure MDE and 21 patients (50%) had a DMX. The treatment leading to recovery was very different in the two groups. Antidepressants were effective (77%) in MDE patients, whereas antipsychotics were effective (81%) in DMX. 38% of patients with a MDE also received a mood stabilizer versus 86% in the group of DMX. Five MDE patients (24%) and one DMX patient required electroconvulsive therapy. The suicidal ideations did not differ between the two groups (p = 0.7). CONCLUSIONS: Some mood episodes in bipolar patients (type I and II) are characterised by depressive and hypomanic symptoms but do not meet criteria for mixed episode as defined by DSM-IV. These episodes are often diagnosed as depressive states, but are worsened by antidepressants and often considered as resistant depression. They rapidly respond to antimanic treatment. New categories of mood disorders should take into account this particular mixed state.
Cytotoxicity of Hemolytic, Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor 1-Positive and -Negative Escherichia coli to Human T24 Bladder Cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Approximately one-half of Escherichia coli isolates from patients with cystitis or pyelonephritis produce the pore-forming cytotoxin hemolysin, a molecule with the capacity to lyse erythrocytes and a range of nucleated cell types. A second toxin, cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1), is found in approximately 70% of hemolytic, but rarely in nonhemolytic, isolates. To evaluate the potential interplay of these two toxins, we used epidemiological and molecular biologic techniques to compare the cytotoxicity of hemolytic, CNF1+, and CNF1â cystitis strains toward human T24 bladder epithelial cells in vitro. A total of 29 isolates from two collections of cystitis-associated E. coli were evaluated by using methylene blue staining of bladder monolayers at 1-h intervals after inoculation with each strain. Most (20 of 29) isolates damaged or destroyed the T24 monolayer (less than 50% remaining) within 4 h after inoculation. As a group, CNF1+ isolates from one collection (11 strains) were less cytotoxic at 4 h than the CNF1â strains in that collection (P = 0.009), but this pattern was not observed among isolates from the second collection (18 strains). To directly evaluate the role of CNF1 in cytotoxicity of hemolytic E. coli without the variables present in multiple clinical isolates, we constructed mutants defective in production of CNF1. Compared to the CNF1+ parental isolates, no change in cytotoxicity was detected in these cnf1 mutants. Our results indicate that CNF1 does not have a detectable effect on the ability of hemolytic E. coli to damage human bladder cell monolayers in vitro.
From 'The Dunghill of England' to 'The Jewel of the Commonwealth': using the concept of tourism image to explore identity and tourism in 19th-century and early 20th-century Tasmania.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter argues that, in Tasmania, a vehicle tailor-made for the purpose of removing and creating impressions was found in tourism promotion and that, once discovered, this vehicle was used constantly for image manipulation and development by various interested bodies and individuals who, in some way, stood to benefit. Consequently, over the 130-year period between settlement and the eve of the Second World War, Tasmanians vindicated themselves of their image as 'The Dunghill of England' and celebrated their worth as 'The Jewel of the Commonwealth'. This evolutionary change, it is argued, was largely effected through the use of images projected first in immigration propaganda and then in tourism promotional material. It is suggested that these images, expressed through tourism epithets and logos such as 'This Other England', 'The Sanatorium of the South', 'Appleland' and 'Tasmania the Wonderland', were both projections and reflections of contemporary mentalities and identities, and are therefore revelatory of social identity in the host community over time. It is argued that tourism images possess significant potential as historical sources for historians exploring the connection between tourism and identity because of the inherent meaning that they contain. It is also argued that by illustrating how the concept of tourism image yielded insights into the development of tourism and contemporary notions of society, culture and identity in Tasmania, Australia's smallest island state, historians might use this tool as an approach to tourism history in other tourism destinations.
Historical changes in thermoregulatory traits of alpine butterflies reveal complex ecological and evolutionary responses to recent climate change

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Trait evolution and plasticity are expected to interactively influence responses to climate change, but rapid changes in and increased variability of temperature may limit evolutionary responses. We use historical specimens to document changes in the size and thermoregulatory traits of a montane butterfly, Colias meadii, in Colorado, USA over the past 60 years (1953–2012). We quantify forewing wing length, ventral wing melanin that increases solar absorption, and the length of thorax setae that reduces convective heat loss. The mean of all three traits has increased during this time period despite climate warming. Phenological shifts may have extended the active season earlier at low elevations and later at high elevations, increasing exposure to cool temperatures and selecting for increases in thermoregulatory traits. Fitness increases at higher elevations due to warming could also increase thermoregulatory traits. Warmer temperatures during pupal development and later flight dates in the season are associated with decreased wing melanin, indicating a role of phenotypic plasticity in historical trait changes. Phenotypic shifts result from a complex interplay of ecological and evolutionary responses to climate change. Environmental variability within and across seasons can limit the evolutionary responses of populations to increasing mean temperatures during climate change.
Review of Pedestrian Protection from Vehicle Impacts

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Objective: The aim of this paper is to survey the\nresearch on pedestrian safety in vehicle-pedestrian\nimpacts and on the development of countermeasures.\nMethods: The literature review emphasized on the\nfollowing key aspects: injury epidemiology, injury\nmechanisms, tolerance levels, protection assessment\ntechniques, and proposed safety counter-measures.\nResults: The current status of the knowledge and\ntechnology for pedestrian injury protection is\ndiscussed. The important gaps are identified.\nConclusion: A cost-effective method for reducing\npedestrian injury severity is modifying designs of\nnew vehicles. Research priorities should focus on\nfatal head injuries and lower extremity injuries\nrelated to functional impairment. It is necessary to\ndevelop a more advanced pedestrian dummy and\nmathematical models to obtain a better\nunderstanding of injury mechanisms. Only then can\neffective counter-measures be proposed.
Conformational changes in the activation loop of a bacterial PASTA kinase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Many bacterial genomes encode a transmembrane protein kinase belonging to the PASTA kinase family, which controls numerous processes in diverse bacterial pathogens, including antibiotic resistance, cell division, stress resistance, toxin production, and virulence. PASTA kinases share a conserved three‐part domain architecture, consisting of an extracellular PASTA domain, proposed to sense the peptidoglycan layer status, a single transmembrane helix, and an intracellular Ser/Thr kinase domain. The crystal structures of the kinase domain from two homologous PASTA kinases reveal a characteristic two‐lobed structure typical of eukaryotic protein kinases with a centrally located, but unresolved, activation loop that becomes phosphorylated and regulates downstream signaling pathways. We previously identified three sites of phosphorylation on the activation loop (T163, T166, and T168) of IreK, a PASTA kinase from the pathogen Enterococcus faecalis, as well as a distal phosphorylation site (T218) that each influence IreK activity in vivo. Still, the mechanism by which loop phosphorylation regulates PASTA kinase function is yet unknown. Therefore, we utilized site‐directed spin labeling (SDSL) and continuous wave (CW) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to assess the E. faecalis IreK kinase activation loop dynamics, including the effects of phosphorylation on activation loop motion, and the IreK‐IreB interaction. Our results reveal that the IreK activation loop occupies a more immobile state when dephosphorylated, and that loop autophosphorylation shifts the loop to a more mobile state that can then enable interaction with IreB, a known substrate.
Can Graph Reordering Speed Up Graph Neural Network Training? An Experimental Study

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are a type of neural network capable of learning on graph-structured data. However, training GNNs on large-scale graphs is challenging due to iterative aggregations of high-dimensional features from neighboring vertices within sparse graph structures combined with neural network operations. The sparsity of graphs frequently results in suboptimal memory access patterns and longer training time. Graph reordering is an optimization strategy aiming to improve the graph data layout. It has shown to be effective to speed up graph analytics workloads, but its effect on the performance of GNN training has not been investigated yet. The generalization of reordering to GNN performance is nontrivial, as multiple aspects must be considered: GNN hyper-parameters such as the number of layers, the number of hidden dimensions, and the feature size used in the GNN model, neural network operations, large intermediate vertex states, and GPU acceleration. In our work, we close this gap by performing an empirical evaluation of 12 reordering strategies in two state-of-the-art GNN systems, PyTorch Geometric and Deep Graph Library. Our results show that graph reordering is effective in reducing training time for CPU- and GPU-based training, respectively. Further, we find that GNN hyper-parameters influence the effectiveness of reordering, that reordering metrics play an important role in selecting a reordering strategy, that lightweight reordering performs better for GPU-based than for CPU-based training, and that invested reordering time can in many cases be amortized.
ABWR construction experience in Japan

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The construction of Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Station Unit No. 6 and 7 (K6 and 7) owned by Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), have been in service since November 1996 and September 1997 respectively, and are the first ABWRs in the world. Hitachi, Ltd. and Toshiba Corporation took part in the projects and achieved safety construction in 52- month schedule from rock inspection to turnover in cooperation with TEPCO and other contractors with broad experience in BWRs. Taking advantage of experience of the Kashiwazaki construction, the ABWR construction methods realize to satisfy with requests from electric power companies and to fit site conditions. The Chubu Electric Power Company's Hamaoka Nuclear Power Station Unit No. 5 (Hamaoka 5) and Hokuriku Electric Power Company's Shika Nuclear Power Station Unit No. 2 (Shika 2), which are ABWRs, completed rock inspection in May 2000 and June 2001 respectively, and are under construction. The ABWR construction methods are proved their validity through four actual construction projects. Safe constructions with the highest quality have been advanced thus further aiming at the introduction of the latest technologies and contributing to reduce plant construction costs and also to shorten schedule. (author)
Gender and Local Floodplain Management Institutions--A Case Study from Bangladesh

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Floodplain wetlands are the major common pool natural resource in Bangladesh. Mostly men fish, and both men and women collect aquatic plants and snails. Case studies contrast a women-only, men-only, and mixed community based organization (CBO), each of which manages a seasonal floodplain wetland. The two CBOs in which women hold key positions are in Hindu communities where more women use aquatic resources, work for an income, and belong to other local institutions. In the oldest of these CBOs, more women have gradually become office bearers as their recognition in the community has grown. In the Muslim community, only a few women collect aquatic resources and in this community most women do not perceive floodplain natural resource constraints to be very important to them. These women have no role in the CBO and feel that they have no say in decisions about the fishery, unlike many women in the other two sites. The fishery management activities in all three sites are similar and catches and biodiversity appear to have improved, demonstrating that women can play an effective role in community organizations for fishery management. Those who are represented in the CBOs reported significant increases in their participation and influence. Men and women in all three sites recognized that decision-making and management of their fisheries had improved, but community support and compliance were higher where both men and women had an active role in this process. Women had a more diverse set of criteria for effective CBOs than men. The men-only CBO saw itself as more of a membership based organization than as representing all of the community.
Antibiotics use and appropriateness in two Jordanian children hospitals: a point prevalence study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Although inappropriate antibiotics prescribing in hospitals is a key factor in accelerating antibiotic resistance, inadequate data are available about antibiotics prescribing rate and appropriateness. Our study aimed to measure antibiotics prescribing rate, indications, appropriateness and predictors. Methods The study was conducted in two public children hospitals (five wards) in Jordan using one-week point prevalence survey to prospectively collect the data. Appropriateness of antibiotics therapy was assessed by a multidisciplinary committee and predictors of inappropriate prescribing were studied through multivariate logistic regression. Key findings The overall antibiotics prescribing rate was 75.6% (n = 501/663), where the highest rate of antibiotics prescribing was in the Pediatrics ward (82.2%, n = 222/270). However, the lowest rate was in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (30.0%, 9/30). The most common antibiotics classes prescribed were: Beta-lactams (57.5%, n = 492/855). The most common underlying condition for antibiotics prescribing was upper respiratory tract infections (25.5%, n = 128/501) followed by pneumonia (20.6%, n = 103/501). Around half of antibiotics were prescribed upon appropriate decision (49.5%, n = 423/855). However, 22.0% (n = 188/855) of antibiotics were wrongly chosen, and 9.5% (n = 81/855) were wrongly applied. Initially inappropriate decision for prescription occurred in 15.3% (n = 131/855) of antibiotics. Ceftriaxone (OR 3.1; 95% CI 2.6–4.1; P = 0.03) and patients with ≥3 medication orders (OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.7–3.5; P = 0.001) significantly predicted inappropriate antibiotics prescribing. Conclusions The incidence of antibiotics prescribing in Jordanian children hospitals was high compared to other countries. Further multi-centric studies are required to enhance the generalisability of results and better develop effective and efficient antibiotic stewardship programmes.
The Cheyenne and Black Hills Stage and Express Routes

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Cheyenne and Black Hills Stage and Express Routes. By Agnes Wright Spring. American Trail Series, Vol. VI. (Glendale: The Arthur H. Clark Company, 1949. 418 pp. Illustrations, appendixes, map, bibliography, and index. $7.50.) Get access Oliver W. Holmes Oliver W. Holmes National Archives Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 36, Issue 2, September 1949, Pages 330–331, https://doi.org/10.2307/1891204 Published: 01 September 1949
Multimodally aligning with projected continuation in Peninsular Spanish

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article explores resources for multimodally aligning with projected continuation in data from Peninsular Spanish, engaging with method-ological-theoretical frameworks from Conversation Analysis and Interactional Linguistics. The article presents a pattern largely representative of a collection of fifteen storytellings: When tellers project continuation (pragmatically, semantically, prosodically, syntactically, gesturally), recipients are silent and embodiedly still, steadily gazing at teller, rarely producing vocal continuers. The Aforementioned recipient behavior appears throughout the data as structurally aligning with the turn-taking system being adjusted to one speaker doing a lengthy turn-at-talk. As pertaining to vocal continuers, the pattern is also representative of a pool of >364 big packages from which the storytellings are collected. One of the rare occasions when vocal continuers are employed in the data from Peninsular Spanish, is in a multimodally restricted participation framework. This study thus invites a multimodal reinterrogation of the roles and frequencies of vocal continuers in the interactional achievement of multi-unit-turns. Alongside work on other languages, however, it also suggests that structural alignment, as a likely universal relational principle, can be language-/culture-specifically routinized.