jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
UPPER RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS-Reply

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor:— I thank Dr. Rose for his frank appraisal of my paper. I believe Dr. Rose will agree that the treatment of acute upper respiratory illnesses is extremely divergent and haphazard today. I confess my own consternation at the problem. I cannot explain whyPseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, andKlebsiella pneumoniaewere cultured from these patients. It certainly is not the usual situation. All patients in this study were acutely ill and did respond to therapy as indicated in the paper. No ancillary therapy, other than rest and adequate fluids, was employed. Our methods of culture leave me to believe that these organisms may have been incidental findings in patients suffering from viral infections. I submit to Dr. Rose's objections on all but one count. He points out that 14 patients in the study responded without benefit of sulfadimethoxine as revealed by resistance on sensitivity studies. Allow me
Epstein–Barr virus is rarely associated with diffuse large B cell lymphoma in Taiwan and carries a trend for a shorter median survival time

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the elderly is characterised by frequent extranodal involvement, a morphological spectrum from polymorphous to monomorphous and a poor prognosis. The frequency is higher in Japan and Korea but lower in the West, while the status in Taiwan has not been reported yet. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of DLBCL in a single institute in Taiwan by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation for EBV. Results Of the 424 consecutive DLBCL cases, 332 cases were studied for EBV. 15 (4.5%) were EBV-positive and 13 (3.9%) fulfil WHO criteria of EBV-positive DLBCL of the elderly with a median age of 75. Of these 15 cases, extranodal presentation occurred in 11 (73%) patients with predominance in the gastrointestinal tract and 6 (40%) were of germinal centre B cell phenotype. There was no difference between EBV-positive and -negative patients in terms of age, gender, nodal versus extranodal presentation, and immunophenotypical profile. EBV-positive patients showed a trend for a shorter median survival time (5.0 vs 39.3 months; p=0.058). Of all DLBCL patients, multivariable analysis revealed a significantly worse overall survival for patients older than 50 (p=0.001) and for those with bcl-6-negative tumours (p=0.003) but not with other clinicopathological factors including EBV status. Conclusions EBV-positive DLBCL of the elderly is relatively rare in Taiwan, with an incidence intermediate between Japan/Korea and the West. Further studies are warranted to clarify the association of EBV and the clinicopathological features and the prognostic significance in patients with DLBCL.
Protein – sparing activity of lipid and carbohydrate in the giant African mudfish, <i>H. longifilis</i> diets

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In two different experiments on lipid and carbohydrate requirement, H. longifilis was fed diets containing 13.68% to 24.66% of lipid, 17.00% to 20.86% of carbohydrates for 56 days. There was positive response in terms of growth of H. longifilis in the various diets fed in the experiments. There was significant variation (P0.05) in the SGR and FCR but there was significant variation (P
Children in HIV/AIDS Clinical Trials: Still Vulnerable after All These Years

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

“All things considered, I chose what was best for my children, or what I thought was best…” confessed Jean- Jacques Rousseau in 1782. What more can one expect from a parent or a professional entrusted with decisions about children? What Rousseau thought was “best” for each of his five infants, however, was to dispatch them to foundling homes in Paris, without even keeping a record of their birthdates, thus leaving them to an unknown but probably dismal fate. Acting from moral and often legal obligations to protect vulnerable persons from harm and to enhance their welfare, adults daily make decisions about and for children. Professionals and policy makers fulfill their social responsibilities by creating and implementing policies and practices that enable children's caregivers to fulfill these same goals.
Does Money Matter on the Formation of Business Cycles and Economic Recessions ? { SD Simulations of A Monetary Goodwin Model {

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The objective of this paper 1 is to explore a role of money on the formation of business cycles that develops into economic recessions. As an analytical framework, a simple capitalist market economy is considered, consisting of workers, shareholders and producers. For the description of their budget equations, accounting system dynamics method developed by the author is used. In order to analyze the economic behaviors of the economy, a slightly revised Goodwin growth cycle model is built. These two approaches are, then, integrated to construct our monetary macroeconomic model called in this paper a monetary Goodwin model, rst without interest, then with interest. The macroeconomic model thus constructed reveals an important role of money and interest on the formation of business cycles that evolve into economic recession.
[The diagnostic significance of rheumatoid factors in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The early phase of rheumatoid arthritis has attracted increasing attention due to the concern with prognosis of the disease. In this study IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) and IgA immunoglobulin were measured twice a year in 96 patients. Their joint damage was assessed yearly with radiographic examination. Radiological abnormalities detected included osteoporosis, bone erosion and joint space narrowing. The patients were followed up for three years. The changes of joint damage might be of three types: worsening, nonchange and improvement. A significant correlation between the levels of IgM RF and IgA immunoglobulin and disease activity was observed. A high level of IgM RF was prognostic for a more severe disease. One patient with 7 g/L IgA immunoglobulin exhibited considerable joint damage progression in a year, while 2 cases with minor IgA immunoglobulin showed remarkable improvement. These two parameters can be considered the important laboratory indicators for the early disease. The results may also be applied to guide second line antirheumatic drug therapy.
Identifying and Mitigating Privacy Risks Stemming from Language Models: A Survey

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown greatly enhanced performance in recent years, attributed to increased size and extensive training data. This advancement has led to widespread interest and adoption across industries and the public. However, training data memorization in Machine Learning models scales with model size, particularly concerning for LLMs. Memorized text sequences have the potential to be directly leaked from LLMs, posing a serious threat to data privacy. Various techniques have been developed to attack LLMs and extract their training data. As these models continue to grow, this issue becomes increasingly critical. To help researchers and policymakers understand the state of knowledge around privacy attacks and mitigations, including where more work is needed, we present the first SoK on data privacy for LLMs. We (i) identify a taxonomy of salient dimensions where attacks differ on LLMs, (ii) systematize existing attacks, using our taxonomy of dimensions to highlight key trends, (iii) survey existing mitigation strategies, highlighting their strengths and limitations, and (iv) identify key gaps, demonstrating open problems and areas for concern.
The surname structure of Trentino (Italy) and its relationship with dialects and genes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Thanks to the availability of rich surname, linguistic and genetic information, together with its geographic and cultural complexity, Trentino (North-Eastern Italy) is an ideal place to test the relationships between genetic and cultural traits. We provide a comprehensive study of population structures based on surname and dialect variability and evaluate their relationships with genetic diversity in Trentino. Surname data were collected for 363 parishes, linguistic data for 57 dialects and genetic data for different sets of molecular markers (Y-chromosome, mtDNA, autosomal) in 10 populations. Analyses relied on different multivariate methods and correlation tests. Besides the expected isolation-by-distance-like patterns (with few local exceptions, likely related to sociocultural instances), we detected a significant and geography-independent association between dialects and surnames. As for molecular markers, only Y-chromosomal STRs seem to be associated with the dialects, although no significant result was obtained. No evidence for correlation between molecular markers and surnames was observed. Surnames act as cultural markers as do other words, although in this context they cannot be used as reliable proxies for genetic variability at a local scale.
Effects of Some Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes on Lymphocytes, Monocytes and Their Activity in vitro

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The effect of some prostaglandins (PGs) and leukotrienes (LTs) on lymphocytes and monocytes was tested in vitro. Overnight incubation with PGD<sub>2</sub> reduces the expression of Leu-2 antigen (suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype) and of Fc receptors for IgG. PGA<sub>2</sub>, PGD<sub>2</sub> and to a lesser extent PGE<sub>2</sub> inhibit PHA reactivity of lymphocytes. LTB<sub>4</sub> does not have any inhibitory activity. Preincubation of lymphocytes with PGD<sub>2</sub> and PGE<sub>2</sub> decreases their NK activity. LTB<sub>4</sub>, but not the PGs tested, stimulates monocyte metabolism as assessed by chemiluminescence.
[Outcomes of radical prostatectomy in patients with prostate cancer at the Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to assess outcomes of radical prostatectomy in patients with prostate cancer. We conducted a retrospective single-center study in the Department of Urology and Andrology at the Aristide Le Dantec Hospital in Dakar from June 1, 2010 to May 31, 2016. We collected data of 60 patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy associated with dissection of the iliac and obturator nodes. After radical prostatectomy, prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels were undetectable (<0.1 ng/mL) in 20 patients (33.3%). Eleven patients (18.3%), who had biochemical relapse, received complementary hormone therapy. Patients achieved a response after initiation of treatment, and total PSA became undetectable again after an 8-month follow-up period. Mean overall survival was 17.5 months, with a median of 9.49. Cumulative overall survival rates at 1 year, 3 years and 4 years were 42.4, 13.6 and 6.8%, respectively. Mean relapse-free survival was 17.3 months, with a median biochemical relapse-free survival of eleven (11) months. The mean duration of specific survival was 8.1 months, with a median of 3 months. Seven patients had positive resection margins (11.6%). Four patients had lymph node involvement. Radical prostatectomy, suggested in some patients with prostate cancer in our practice, has been shown to be an effective therapeutic method leading to good outcomes.
Improvising advanced practice in healthcare : an interpretive narrative enquiry into professionalism as an ethico-political accomplishment in the context of education for workforce development

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The overall argument in this thesis is that the ethico-political aspiration to . professionalism eludes any particular instantiation but that narrative practices , of improvisation serve to realise such aspirations even while questioning the givens of received instantiations of professionalism and policy- led interventions. As such they are also serviceable as resources for research and professional education. The purpose of the research was to examine professionalism in the context of education for workforce development in the National Health Service (NHS) to develop the role of the Advanced Practitioner (AP) through a work-based Masters degree programme in partnership with the researcher's employing University. The research engaged critically with debates within the literature concerning professionalism and identified methodological debates and approaches to the examination of the achievement of professionalism in the current context of public sector reform. It established that received notions of professionalism linked to definitions of profession and professsionalization ,are inadequate to conceptualise the ethico-political task of achieving professionalism in this context. It aimed to provide empirical evidence and theoretical argument to show how professionalism can be conceived and realised under these conditions. The methodology adopted hermeneutic and ., narrative methods of enquiry for analysis of accounts of students and lecturers participating in the delivery of the AP masters programme. The r findings of the research built upon identification of improvisation as a core sensitising concept which was then further detailed as narrative practices of achievement. Analysis of these accounts identified two broad approaches to the achievement of professionalism characterised by different stances in respect of how the ethico-political enterprise is conceived in practice: for 'modernisation' , improvisation is an unfortunate fall-back position in the project of seeking occupation of a strategic position; alternatively, 'improvisation' provides the possibilities for achieving professionalism notwithstanding received notions of professions, professionalization and modernisation in the current context of workforce development and neoliberal reform of public services.
High Temperature Corrosion Inhibition Performance of Imidazoline and Amide

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Imidazoline and its precursor, amide, are very effective inhibitor intermediates and are widely used in formulating the corrosion products for application in the oil and gas industries. Their high temperature corrosion inhibition performance was evaluated and compared. Our results show that imidazoline and amide offer poor to moderate high temperature/pressure (300 °F/3,000 psig) inhibition performance, respectively, with amide giving a better thermos stability. Yet, both give excellent, comparable inhibition performance at a moderate temperature of 150 °F. These chemistries can provide up to 90% effectiveness at the high temperature, if the inhibitor concentration is very high.
Revascularization strategies in patients with diabetes and stable ischemic heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims The optimal treatment strategy comparing invasive revascularization versus optimal medical therapy (OMT) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD) still remains unclear. We aimed to investigate clinical outcomes of invasive revascularization (percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting or both) versus OMT in patients with DM and SIHD from updated published randomised–controlled trials (RCTs). Methods We conducted a comprehensive literature search through PubMed and EMBASE to investigate the effect of revascularization versus OMT for patients with DM and SIHD. The studies were limited to RCTs or their subgroup data for a meta-analysis. The outcomes of interest were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with DM and SIHD. Results Our search identified subgroup data with DM of four RCTs including a total of 5742 patients with SIHD. Our results showed that invasive revascularization was not associated with a decreased risk of MACE when compared to OMT [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.95 (0.85–1.05), P = 0.31; I 2 = 0%]. Conclusion Invasive revascularization was not associated with a decreased risk of MACE when compared with OMT.
Ontogeny of the Ferret Humoral Immune Response

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Infant ferrets are born with nearly undetectable immunoglobulin levels, but by 9 days of age the infant ferret serum contains 77, 29, and 13% of adult mean serum levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM. Transmucosal uptake of IgG by the infant ferret occurred for the first 30 days of life. The specific anti-respiratory syncytial virus neutralizing titer of whole milk was 5.5 times higher than maternal serum despite a lower concentration of immunoglobulins in the milk.
Cloaking, Trapping and Superlensing of Lamb Waves with Negative\n Refraction

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report on experimental and numerical implementations of devices based on\nthe negative refraction of elastic guided waves, the so-called Lamb waves.\nConsisting in plates of varying thickness, these devices rely on the concept of\ncomplementary media, where a particular layout of negative index media can\ncloak an object with its anti-object or trap waves around a negative corner.\nThe diffraction cancellation operated by negative refraction is investigated by\nmeans of laser ultrasound experiments. However, unlike original theoretical\npredictions, these intriguing wave phenomena remain, nevertheless, limited to\nthe propagating component of the wave-field. To go beyond the diffraction\nlimit, negative refraction is combined with the concept of metalens, a device\nconverting the evanescent components of an object into propagating waves. The\ntransport of an evanescent wave-field is then possible from an object plane to\na far-field imaging plane. Twenty years after Pendry's initial proposal, this\nwork thus paves the way towards an elastic superlens.\n
Neural Quantum States for Scientific Computing: Applications to Computational Chemistry and Finance

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The variational quantum Monte Carlo (VQMC) method has received significant attention because of its ability to overcome the curse of dimensionality inherent in many-body quantum systems, by representing the exponentially complex quantum states variationally with machine learning models. We develop novel training strategies to improve the scalability of VQMC, and build parallelization frameworks for solving large-scale problems. The application of our method is extended to quantum chemistry and financial derivative pricing. For quantum chemistry, we build a pre-processing pipeline serving as an interface connecting molecular information and VQMC, and achieve remarkable performance in comparison with the classical approximate methods. On the other hand, we present a simple generalization of VQMC applicable to arbitrary linear PDEs, showcasing the technique in the Black-Scholes equation for pricing European contingent claims dependent on many underlying assets. We also introduce meta-learning and multi-fidelity active learning as exotic components to VQMC, which, under some reasonable assumptions on the problem formulation, can further improve the convergence and the sampling efficiency of our method.
Preparation and X-ray crystal structure of a novel tetranuclear copper(I) ethylenethiourea cluster complex, µ4-ethylenethiourea-cyclo-tetrakis-µ-(ethylenethiourea)tetrakis[ethylenethioureacopper(I)] nitrate hexahydrate

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The structure, geometry, and bonding in [Cu4(C3H6N2S)9(NO3)4],6H2O have been established by X-ray analysis which reveals discrete Cu4(C3H6N2S)94+ cations containing an alternating Cu–S eight-membered ring with a unique ethylenethiourea ligand in an axial position bridging four copper atoms.
Physics-informed learning for modeling infrasound propagation in extreme weather conditions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Extreme events in fluid flows are characterized by the coexistence of complex nonlinear dynamics, high intrinsic dimensionality and intermittency, which often results in spatially localized disturbances (turbulence spots, gravity wave breaking). Although many studies have shown that atmospheric ducting of infrasound is sensitive to these disturbances, yet the link between their statistical properties and that of the infrasound wavefield remains an open question, mainly because very little data are available for extreme events. The present work focuses on catastrophic events in climate systems where the amount of data available (typically a few decades) is not sufficient to extrapolate the PDFs. This class of problem involves geophysical fluid flows over climate scales where reanalysis data are a reliable source of information. In contrast to methods that rely on standard models to compute the PDFs from available data, the focus here is on data-driven methods that encode some information about the wave dynamics. The idea behind this approach is to combine two sources of information (reanalysis data and wave theory) using physics-informed neural networks to extrapolate the PDFs. The performance of this approach is illustrated around two types of events that affect infrasound propagation: sudden stratospheric warmings and mountain-induced extreme weathers.
Concentration phenomenon for fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We study the concentration phenomenon for solutions of the fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which is nonlocal. We mainly use the Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction method. Precisely, consider the nonlinear equation \begin{equation}\label{e:abstract} (-\varepsilon^2Δ)^sv+Vv-|v|^αv=0\quad\mbox{in}\quad\mathbf R^n, \end{equation} where $n =1, 2, 3$, $\max\{\frac{1}{2}, \frac{n}{4}\}< s < 1$, $1 \leq α< α_*(s,n)$, $V\in C^3_{b}(\mathbf{R}^n)$. Here the exponent $α_*(s,n)=\frac{4s}{n-2s}$ for $0 < s < \frac{n}{2}$ and $α_*(s,n)=\infty$ for $s \geq\frac{n}{2}$. Then for each non-degenerate critical point $z_0$ of $V$, there is a nontrivial solution of equation (\ref{e:abstract}) concentrating to $z_0$ as $\varepsilon\to 0$.