jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Herbicide Evaluation Studies with Nutsedge

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The herbicidal effectiveness of 16 chemicals on nutsedge control was studied at the Manoa Campus Farm and the Waimanalo Experiment Station. The studies consisted of five field experiments and two translocation greenhouse experiments which Included C14-labeled paraquat and MSMA. It was found that MSMA plus surfactant was the most promising herbicide to control nutsedge when compared to paraquat and aromatic oil. Five successive field applications of MSMA at 6#/A plus surfactant reduced tha nutsedge population by 30% over a period of eight months at the Manoa Campus Farm. DSMA and DMAA showed a similar response to MSMA. Paraquat and aromatic oil applications did not result in a significant reduction of the nutsedge population. The time of application was an important factor in the activity of the herbicides. Morning and noon applications gave better control with MSMA than paraquat if subsequent regrowth populations were considered. Paraquat applied in the early evening was more effective than the morning or noon applications for short term control. However, at six weeks after application there were no differences in stand between the morning, noon and evening treatments with paraquat. Post-emergence applications of bromacil and D-732 were more effective than D-767 and amitrole. Dichlobenil gave the most satisfactory control among the preplant and preemergence herbicides. R-1856 resulted in slightly better control than EPTC; however, good control of nutsedge was found with KPTC at 6#/A for a period of 5 to 6 weeks. CP 50144, R-7465 and U-22,326 were not effective in controlling nutsedge under the test conditions.
Spectrally efficient waveform set design for UWB wireless communications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we investigate the design of a set of spectrally efficient orthogonal waveforms which can be used for multiuser ultra-wideband (UWB) communication systems. We used linear FM and Hermite-Rodriguez basis functions. The design problem is formulated as a semi-infinite quadratic optimization problem with time and frequency domain constraints. Computationally effective approaches to solving the optimization problem are proposed. An example of designing a set of orthogonal pulses is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The example shows the proposed method is able to produce considerably large number of orthogonal waveforms satisfying FCC requirements.
Research on 3D Reconstruction based on Bionic Head-eye Cooperation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In order to solve the problem of difficult pose solution with a small amount of data input, a 3D reconstruction model of fixed pose is proposed based on bionic head-eye cooperation in this paper. Firstly, the model of the extreme positions of head-eye coordination is built and the Information Obtained Frequency (IOF) is obtained. By adopting the bionic method, the traditional 3D reconstruction method is improved, and the problem of solving poses is transformed into a fixed pose pre-processing. We obtain the fixed pose-matched RGB image and depth map through IOF, so that the bionic pose can be directly used for 3D reconstruction. This model is suitable for indoor mobile robots. On the premise of meeting the navigation requirements of the robot, a more accurate 3D reconstruction node model that conforms to human vision can be obtained.
Integrating risk management with performance management

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This article argues that, post Enron, governance reforms around the world have served to raise the profile of risk management, and emphasise the need for a corporate wide approach to internal control that is overseen by the Board of Directors. In the US, this is most clearly demonstrated by the emergence of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM), defined as 'a process, effected by an entity's board of directors, management and other personnel, applied in strategy setting across the enterprise, designed to identify potential events that may affect the entity, and manage risk to be within its risk appetite, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of entity objectives.' (COSO, 2004, p.2). In practical terms, however, the introduction of an enterprise wide holistic risk management system poses a big challenge to all but the smallest of organisations. The financial crisis has clearly shown that enterprise wide risk management remains a dream rather than a reality for even the world's largest and once highly respected companies.
The Effects of Salsa Dance on Gait and Balance in Multiple Sclerosis (P3.053)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: This pilot study examined whether a dance intervention increased physical activity, was well-tolerated, and improved gait, balance, self-efficacy, and fatigue in persons with multiple sclerosis. BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive disease associated with impaired mobility, postural control, and reduced physical activity. Studies have shown that physical activity and rehabilitation interventions can effectively reduce symptoms and improve quality of life for persons with MS. We hypothesized that a 4-week structured dance protocol would result in greater physical activity and improved performance on clinical measures, and that training sessions would be safe and well-tolerated. DESIGN/METHODS: Eight individuals with MS participated in dance sessions 2x/week for 40 minutes and were asked to perform physical activity independently for 30 minutes/week. Outcome measures included: Timed 25-Foot Walk Test (T25FW), MS Walking Scale (MSWS-12), Timed Up and Go (TUG), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), MS Self-Efficacy Scale (MSSS), Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale, Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire, and the Patient Determined Disease Steps (PDDS). All measures were administered at baseline, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up by a blinded evaluator. Wilcoxon signed rank tests compared pre- v. post- assessments, and pre- v. 3-month assessments. RESULTS: Statistically significant increases were found post intervention for the Godin (metabolic equivalents and time) (p=0.01), TUG (p=0.02) and MS Symptom Checklist (p=0.04). Pre-post changes on DGI (p=0.09) and ABC (p=0.09) were marginally associated with the intervention. Significantly improved scores at 3-month follow-up compared to pre-intervention were found for TUG (p=0.05), DGI (p=0.04) and MSWS-12 (p=0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Four weeks of dance intervention resulted in a) increased engagement in physical activity and exercise during intervention; and b) significant improvements on clinical measures of gait and balance post-intervention and at 3-month follow-up. The intervention was well-tolerated and no study-related adverse events occurred. A larger controlled study is underway.
Outcomes of Open Complex Ventral Hernia Repairs With Retromuscular Placement of Poly-4-Hydroxybutyrate Bioabsorbable Mesh

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose. Optimal technique and mesh selection still debated for complex ventral hernias. Limited data exists on bioabsorbable meshes in high-risk patients. We evaluated our experience. Methods. Retrospective review was conducted following institutional review board approval for ventral hernia repairs using a single bioabsorbable mesh between February 2014 and November 2017. Patient and hernia details characterized. Outcomes evaluated. Results. 20 ventral hernia repairs identified, 10 males, 10 females. Mean body mass index was 35 ± 7.4 kg/m 2 , and mean age 47 ± 13 years. Comorbid conditions were diabetes 35% and hypertension 40%. Fifty-five percent had American Society of Anesthesiologist scores of 3. Hernia Characteristics: Ventral Hernia Working Group Grade 3 hernias were 80%, and remainder grade 2. Forty percent of hernias were Centers for Disease Control class III, and remainder were class I and II. The mean defect size was 533 cm 2 ± 500. Repair for prior open abdomens was 45%, recurrent hernias 20%, incisional 15%, incarcerated 10%, incisional with parastomal 5%, and primary ventral 5%. Concomitant bowel procedures in 8, (40%). All cases had retromuscular mesh placement (transversus abdominus release 65%, Rives-Stoppa 35%). Surgical site occurrences were 20% (surgical site infection 10%, seroma 10%). Overall hospital stay 5 ± 3 days. Ileus occurred in 20%. One postoperative death due to fatal arrhythmia. There were no recurrences with mean follow-up 21.1 months. Conclusions. Complex hernia repairs using bioabsorbable mesh were conducted in a small cohort of high-risk patients. These data demonstrate good outcomes with limited morbidity and mortality. There were no recurrences.
Implication of transit transfer to the older adults: a systematic review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Extensive multimodal transportation network has resulted in widespread use of the transit transfer method of transportation among frequent travelers. In many parts of the world, transferring from one mode of transportation to another provides significant mobility advantage to people, commodities, and services in reaching their destination. However, there are some who have not reaped the benefits of this sophisticated transportation networking system. This study reviewed published articles on the implications of transit transfer on the older adults in order to gain a better understanding of this method of transportation and the nature of difficulties that it caused them. Methods: The following databases were searched: PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, ProQuest, WileyOnline, and Ovid. Inclusion criteria was English language, respondents aged 60 and above, living in community, and addressing transit transfer mode of transportations used, and the outcome on older adults. Review paper, letter, book citations, comments, editorials, experimental and animal studies were excluded from this review. Results: This review included six studies. According to the findings of this study, older adults were able to benefit from transit transfer as transportation method to reach their destination. It can also increase physical activity among the older adults through active commuting. However, older adults encountered a problem with transit transfer since they had to walk to reach each of the transport facilities. Transit transfers have also been shown to expose them to inconveniency pertaining to obstacle they faced while transit transfer. Conclusion: There are indications of positive and negative implications of transit transfer to older adults. More research should be conducted to further evaluate its risk and outcome to the older adults and to determine effective strategies to improve their intermodal transportation.
Effects of Catalysts on the Structure and Piezoelectric Properties of PVDF/ZnO Nanowires for the Robotic Tactile Sensor

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-coated ZnO nanorod piezoelectric sensors were prepared on silicone-based polymer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates using a hydrothermal method. The effects of catalysts (sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, and hexamethylenetetramine) on the lattice microstructure and piezoelectric properties of ZnO nanorods were analyzed. The piezoelectric properties of polyvinylidene fluoride-coated ZnO nanorods&rsquo; tactile sensors with different catalysts were measured under different forces. ZnO nanorods with hexamethylenetetramine have a high c-axis (002)-preferred orientation hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure with a maximum length of 5800 nm and an aspect ratio of 72.5. The Polyvinylidene fluoride/ZnO nanorod sensor with hexamethylenetetramine showed an excellent linear response to external pressure in the range of 0.1~1.2 N, and the best sensitivity is 61.1 mV/N.
Determinants of Whistleblowing Within Local Government’s Internal Auditors

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The effectiveness of whistleblowing as a part of organization’s internal control depends on the employee’s willingness to become whistleblowers. This research was conducted to examined effect of several individuals and contextual factors of local government’s internal auditors on the whistleblowing intention. Using the theory of planned behavior (TPB), the individual factors in this research were attitudes towards whistleblowing, subjective norms, and perceived whistleblowing control. The prosocial behavior theory was used to explain contextual factors such as independence commitment and public service motivation. Using stratified random sampling, we obtained 201 questionnaires from the population of the local government’s internal auditors in West Kalimantan Province. We used PLS-SEM with higher-order constructs to explain the relationship between components in the model. The research found that only three factors affected whistleblowing intentions: attitudes towards whistleblowing, subjective norms, and perceived whistleblowing control. The conclusion of this research indicates the importance of building an organizational ethical culture, designing definite reporting mechanisms, ensuring the trust of report follow-ups, and guaranteeing protection for whistleblowers.
A new source for the death of Robert of Meulan, A. D. 1118

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Archbishop Ralph d'Escures of Canterbury writes to the sons of Count Robert I of Meulan on the events he witnessed at their father's deathbed, urging the restitution of some unspecified lands at La Croix St-Leuffroy that their father had withheld from the abbey of that place.
A Case of Intractable Gastric Ulcer Associated with Abdominal Incisional Hernia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

症例は67歳，女性．6年前，十二指腸潰瘍穿孔で緊急開腹穿孔部閉鎖術を受けた．その1年後から，上腹部正中切開創に一致した膨隆が出現．さらに3年後に，胃幽門部潰瘍を指摘され内科的治療を継続していたが，治癒傾向が乏しく難治性胃潰瘍の原因として腹壁瘢痕ヘルニアが疑われ当科へ紹介受診となった．胃内視鏡検査では幽門輪部にA2 stage潰瘍を認めた．腹部造影CT検査では上腹部正中に7×6cmのヘルニア門より幽門前庭部が脱出し，右胃大網静脈に造影剤の停滞を認めた．以上の所見から，胃の一部が脱出する腹壁瘢痕ヘルニアにより右胃大網静脈のうっ滞が生じ胃潰瘍治癒が遷延していると考え，腹壁瘢痕ヘルニア修復術を施行した．術後41日目の胃内視鏡検査では，潰瘍底の大半が再生上皮に覆われS1 stageとなっていた．今回，腹壁瘢痕ヘルニア修復術により難治性胃潰瘍の治癒傾向が得られた1例を経験したので，その病態を中心に文献的考察を加え報告する．
[Let's Watch the Movie, The Diving Bell and the Butterfly and Think About the Patient's Feelings].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Diving Bell and the Butterfly is a movie based on the true story of an editor-in-chief, Jean-Dominique Bauby, who had locked-in syndrome due to a cerebral infarction. He made an entire story by communication with his staff using solely eye movements. The patient's real emotions to the medical staff was presented in the movie. I would highly recommend this movie, and in this article, I explain and describe locked-in syndrome and my impressions of this movie.
Gallic acid induces apoptosis in human cervical epithelial cells containing human papillomavirus type 16 episomes

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The high‐risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) that infect the anogenital tract are strongly associated with the development of cervical carcinoma, which is the second most common cancer in women worldwide. Therapeutic drugs specifically targeting HPV are not available. Polyphenolic compounds have gained considerable attention because of their cytotoxic effects against a variety of cancers and certain viruses. In this study, we examined the effects of several polyphenols on cellular proliferation and death of the human cervical cancer cells and human cervical epithelial cells containing stable HPV type 16 episomes (HPVep). Our results show that three polyphenols inhibited proliferation of HeLa cells dose‐dependently. Furthermore, one of the examined polyphenols, gallic acid (GA), also inhibited the proliferation of HPVep cells and exhibited significant specificity towards HPV‐positive cells. The anti‐proliferative effect of GA on HPVep and HeLa cells was associated with apoptosis and upregulation of p53. These results suggest that GA can be a potential candidate for the development of anti‐HPV agents. J. Med. Virol. 88:127–134, 2016 . © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Conceptual Model of E-Commerce Taxation Using a Circular Model for E-Commerce Sustainability

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

E-Commerce tax is among the most crucial factors affecting E-Commerce growth and information and communication technology, including playing a vital role in facilitating the global commerce market. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ICT development by using the ICT development index (IDI) and E-Commerce diffusion is an effect on E-Commerce taxation principles. The paper was proposed as a new approach and initiatives for implementing E-Commerce development through the circular model for E-Commerce sustainability (CMES). The online questionnaires for the survey were used to gather data via social media, i.e. Facebook, Line and Instagram. The data were gathered from a sample of 308 people who sell products and services through online commerce in Thailand. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to validate and measure the construction of the questionnaires. The relationship among the ICT development index, E-Commerce diffusion and the E-Commerce taxation principles was proved to apply successfully to the structural equation modelling (SEM) technique. The results showed that the ICT development index (IDI) has a positive influence on E-Commerce diffusion and E-Commerce taxation principles. Further, the results indicated that E-Commerce diffusion has a positive effect on E-Commerce taxation principles, and hence are significant.
Direct regeneration and Genetic transformation studies in Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. (Indian Sarasaprilla)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Since ages, plants continue to provide new remedies to mankind. Hemidesmus indicus L. R. Br. is one such plant belonging to family Apocynaceae, showing potent medicinal properties known through traditional knowledge. Hemidesmus is also explored for the presence of flavoring compound namely 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (HMB) which is used in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. Due to anthropogenic activities, the plant has been exploited till the ridge for its ethnobotanical properties for mankind. Biotechnological intervention to conserve this endangered sps through in vitro plant cultures, micropropogation and genetic transformation studies is the pre-requite to maintain it from extinction. The objective of the study is to improve the regeneration potential and optimize the genetic transformation in Hemidesmus indicus. The direct regeneration of Hemidesmus indicus through leaf explants, nodal explants with subsequent plant regeneration using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various plant growth regulators (auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellic acid), adenine sulphate, TRIA. The Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated genetic transformation studies in Hemidesmus indicus was carried out in callus cultures using the plant expression vector pCAMBIA 1301. The caulogenic response of 78.8%, 73.3% and 71.4% was observed when the leaf explant was inoculated on MS media containing 2.3 mgL− 1 BAP + 0.2 mgL− 1 2,4-D, 0.02 mgL− 1 TRIA + 2 mgL− 1 BAP, 1 mgL− 1 KIN + 1 mgL− 1 NAA respectively with creamish yellow nodular friable callus by the 4 weeks. The initiation of shoot bud was observed within three days after inoculation of nodal explant on media supplemented with 1 mgL− 1 BAP + 0.1 mgL− 1 NAA, 1 mgL− 1 BAP + 0.1 mgL− 1 NAA + 40 mgL− 1 AgNO3, 1 mgL− 1 BAP + 0.1 mgL− 1 NAA + 40 mgL− 1 AgNO3 + 40 mgL− 1 adenine sulphate respectively and incubated in the dark for 2 weeks. Shoot regeneration from the leaf explants was also observed within 4 weeks after inoculation in MS medium with 1 mgL− 1 BAP + 0.1 mgL− 1 NAA. Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation was carried out successfully in callus cultures of H. indicus. The transformation efficiency was found to be 26%. The efficient shoot regeneration was observed within 4 weeks and transformation study can be further applied for over expression of biosynthetic genes to enhance the bioactive components that have immense significance in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and cosmetic industries.
Enhancing Railway Track Intervention Planning: Accounting for Component Interactions and Evolving Failure Risks

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This manuscript proposes a methodology to leverage digitalisation to efficiently generate an overview of required condition-based railway track interventions, possession windows, and expected costs for railway networks at the beginning of the intervention planning process. The consistent and efficient generation of such an overview not only helps track managers in their decision-making, but also facilitates the discussion among other decision-makers in later phases of the track intervention planning process, including line planners, capacity managers, and project managers. The methodology uses data of different levels of detail, discrete state modelling for uncertain deterioration of components, and component-level intervention strategies. It dynamically updates the condition estimates of components by capturing the interaction between deteriorating components using Bayesian filters. It also estimates the risks associated with different types of potential service losses that may occur due to sudden events using fault trees as a function of time and the condition of components. An implementation of the methodology is done for a 25 km regional railway network in Switzerland. The results suggest that the methodology has the potential to help track managers early in the intervention planning process. In addition, it is argued that the methodology will lead to improvements in the efficiency of the planning process, improvements in the scheduling of preventive interventions, and the reduction in corrective intervention costs upon the implementation in a digital environment.
Efficacy and Economic Assessment of Commercial <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> in Managing Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Insect Pests in a Derived Savanna Agroecosystem

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A study was conducted in 2021 and 2022 planting seasons to determine the effective and profitable optimum rate and frequency of Beauvaria bassiana application for managing insect pests on cucumber crop. Beauvaria application produced significantly lower densities of insect pests compared to the untreated plots. Although leaf and fruit damage were statistically similar in the treated plots, the values were lower than the untreated plots. Significantly higher fruit yield (14.43 tons ha-1 and 13.44 tons ha-1) was obtained when Beauvaria was applied at 8 kg ha-1 once-a-week relative to the control 2.26 tons ha-1 and 2.34 tons ha-1, 2021 and 2022, respectively, resulting in a corresponding increase of 84 % and 83 % over the control. The relationship between insect pest infestation and yield was negative and significant (r = -0.90 and r = -0.80). In addition, the highest profitability index of 1.00 was obtained when Beauveria was applied at 8 kg ha-1 once-a-week in both years.