jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mineralization of Nitrogen from Sewage Sludge and Sludge Compost

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract An incubation study was conducted to determine N mineralization from sewage sludge and sludge compost. Digested and raw sludges and compost derived from these sludges were freeze‐dried and applied to a silt loam soil at 0, 454, 907, and 1,814 kg N/ha. The soil‐sludge mixtures were incubated at 35°C for various time intervals and periodically leached and analyzed for total N, NH 4 ‐N, and NO 3 ‐N. A separate study using K 15 NO 3 was conducted to evaluate N transformations, such as immobilization and denitrification. The overall data indicate that sewage sludge and sludge compost differ markedly in their initial net mineralization patterns. Amendments high in available C (raw sludge) are biologically very active and significant quantities of NO 3 ‐N can be lost by denitrification and immobilization soon after addition. The N in amendments that have been stabilized by removal of readily oxidizable C (digested sludge) gave net mineralization patterns similar to native soil organic N, although large amounts of N can be released from digested sludge. The N in amendments that have been stabilized by composting with woodchips is not easily mineralized. With time these initial differences among sources decrease and the mineralization rates become more alike, although the time needed to reach this point depends on the quantity of amendment added.
Towards inclusion of cross-boundary students from Mainland China in educational policies and practices in Hong Kong

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Every society has an obligation to provide quality education to children regardless of their socio-economic and cultural backgrounds. The number of cross-boundary students (CBS) from Mainland China in Hong Kong schools is increasing. This article reviews educational policy and provision for educating CBS, presenting data from an empirical study. Data from three school-based case studies (pre-primary, primary and secondary) reveal an absence of systematic school-based policy or provision for newcomers. This article draws on the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child to review educational practices with regard to CBS populations. Despite the rapid growth in numbers of CBS, the case studies suggest that Hong Kong regional government’s policies fail to meet students’ transitional needs or guarantee their rights. There remains a serious policy gap that is left to schools and teachers to address as best they can. The article concludes by discussing implications for policy making and teacher professional development.
Cloning and expression of recombinant thrombin in Escherichia coli JM109 (DE3): Research article

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Prothrombin, a protein involved in blood coagulation, is a plasma glycoprotein composed of the Gla domain, two adjacent kringle domains, and a serine protease domain. Prothrombin is a thrombin precursor playing the important role in the coagulation physiological as well as pathological condition. Thrombin is the key to convert the fibrinogen into fibrin by switching activation of XIII factor, pushed plasminogen into plasmin, the develope of the fibroblast and helps the stabilization of thrombolysis. In this study, the prothrombin gene was 936 bp in lengths and encoded 312 amino acids from bovine lung was optimized codon, was cloned in pET21a+ vector and expression in E. coli, in order to replace traditional bandages having slow affect, reduce the cost of products, cater the comunity health. The results showed that initially the successful cloning and expression of recombinant prothrombin in E. coli JM109(DE3).
Antioxidant assessment of characterised essential oils from Calophyllum inophyllum Linn using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and hydrogen peroxide methods

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Oxidative stress is a multifactorial global health disorder that disrupts all levels of cell function. Therefore, therapeutic intervention using reliable, affordable and non-toxic natural sources is crucial. Aim: The aim of this article was to determine the chemical constituents and antioxidant activity of 10 essential oils (EOs) from Calophyllum inophyllum Linn using 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) methods. Setting: Plant sample was collected at the Botanical Garden, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Extractions and antioxidant assay were performed at the Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) analysis was carried out at the School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Italy. Methods: The chemical constituents were determined using GC-MS. The oils were extracted using an all-glass Clevenger-type apparatus and the antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH and hydrogen peroxide assays. Results: A total of 102 compounds were identified in EOs from C. inophyllum Linn, which are mostly monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and their oxygenated derivatives. The oils exhibited concentration-dependent activity with reference to standard synthetic antioxidants. Root wood had the highest antioxidant activity with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of 3.19 mg/mL compared to ascorbic acid (2.84 mg/mL) and butylated hydroxyl anisole (BHA) (2.97 mg/mL). In the H 2 O 2 antioxidant assay, root wood had the highest antioxidant activity with IC 50 of 2.78 mg/mL compared to ascorbic acid (2.20 mg/mL) and BHA (2.92 mg/mL). Conclusion: The in vitro chemical compositional analysis of EOs from C. inophyllum Linn confirms the presence of compounds responsible for the antioxidant properties of the plant.
“Darker-than-Black”\nPbS Quantum Dots:\nEnhancing Optical Absorption of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals\nvia Short Conjugated Ligands

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Colloidal\nquantum dots (QDs) stand among the most attractive light-harvesting\nmaterials to be exploited for solution-processed optoelectronic applications.\nTo this aim, quantitative replacement of the bulky electrically insulating\nligands at the QD surface coming from the synthetic procedure is mandatory.\nHere we present a conceptually novel approach to design light-harvesting\nnanomaterials demonstrating that QD surface modification with suitable\nshort conjugated organic molecules permits us to drastically enhance\nlight absorption of QDs, while preserving good long-term colloidal\nstability. Indeed, rational design of the pendant and anchoring moieties,\nwhich constitute the replacing ligand framework leads to a broadband\nincrease of the optical absorbance larger than 300% for colloidal\nPbS QDs also at high energies (>3.1 eV), which could not be predicted\nby using formalisms derived from effective medium theory. We attribute\nsuch a drastic absorbance increase to ground-state ligand/QD orbital\nmixing, as inferred by density functional theory calculations; in\naddition, our findings suggest that the optical band gap reduction\ncommonly observed for PbS QD solids treated with thiol-terminating\nligands can be prevalently ascribed to 3p orbitals localized on anchoring\nsulfur atoms, which mix with the highest occupied states of the QDs.\nMore broadly, we provide evidence that organic ligands and inorganic\ncores are inherently electronically coupled materials thus yielding\npeculiar chemical species (the colloidal QDs themselves), which display\narising (opto)­electronic properties that cannot be merely described\nas the sum of those of the ligand and core components.
Molecular systematics of the Chrysophyceae and Synurophyceae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The definition of the chrysophytes has changed over time, especially after electron microscopic and molecular systematic techniques were applied. Historically, the group was classified based upon light microscopic observations that emphasized flagellar number, life forms, and other morphological features; these were summarized using three keystone publications. Electron microscopic observations caused taxonomic revisions, especially at the class level, and as groups were removed from the Chrysophyceae sensu stricto , a number of new classes were formed. Molecular phylogenetic analysis brought to question the separation of the class Synurophyceae and the classification of the Chrysophyceae based upon morphology. This chapter provides more critical examination of some taxa examined previously, and it analyses new SSU rRNA and rbc L gene sequences that provide greater taxon sampling. The separation of the two classes was weakly supported in a combined gene analysis,
Glomerular Ultrafiltration and Tubular Reabsorption of Bovine Serum Albumin and Derivatives with Increased Negative Charge in the Normal Female Wistar Rat

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1. Urinary clearances of bovine albumin derivatives rose with their increasing negative charge. 2. A mathematical model has been developed to assess the relative contributions of glomerular ultrafiltration and tubular reabsorption to overall urinary protein clearance. 3. This model indicates that the increased urinary clearance seen with negatively charged bovine albumin derivatives was due to a large reduction in the amount of protein absorbed by the proximal tubular epithelium, which swamped the effects of a small decrease in glomerular ultrafiltration. 4. Derivatives of bovine albumin with increasing negative charge were also cleared with correspondingly greater rapidity from the blood stream.
Critical Remarks on the Essence and Scope of Philosophy of Religion

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The goal of this article to critically examine the essence and scope of philosophy of religion, its place and relation to philosophy and religious studies. Philosophy of religion is not only interrelated to both philosophy and religious studies but it is an inter-disciplinary field of knowledge. Philosophy of religion, being an inter-disciplinary field on the boundary of philosophy and religious studies and as a phenomenon of western rationalistic tradition, is engaged in conceptual and theoretical examination and analysis of the content of religion. Philosophical reflections on religious matters, concepts, claims and practices, the origin of religion, relation between religion and other fields of knowledge and culture, and so on, are the scope of philosophy of religion. Philosophy of religion is based on rational approach. One of the functions of philosophy of religion is to verify whether the religious or theological claims and statements are trustworthy and rational, true or false, from the standpoint of logic. Viewed from this position philosophy of religion ought to be, to some extent, a normative discipline, a feature that has been overlooked by many scholars and philosophers of religion. Philosophy of religion is philosophical examination and comprehension of the phenomenon and essence of religion.
OQAM based Bi-orthogonal 5G System for IoT Device Communications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The recent advances in wireless technologies made it possible to inter connect every device wirelessly to the Internet, which is called as Internet of Things (IoT). 5G cellular communication research community has been compelled to design solutions for the IoT along with conventional data communications and voice/video over IP networks. The IoT plays a critical role in the modern society with smart cities, smart power grids and other applications. These applications demand ultra low power and low cost solutions. To meet such diversified requirements, novel physical layer need to be designed. In this paper, a novel accessing technique with the LTE procedures defined by 3GPP has been used to cater the needs of IoT devices generated random traffic. A new system with Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (OQAM) and bi-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (BFDM) is simulated using Matlab Software along with BFDM QAM and LTE based OFDM. In this paper, the performance of BFDM-OQAM system is compared with OFDM and BFDM QAM systems under Line of Sight fading conditions such as Rural Line of Sight (RLOS), Highway Line of Sight (HLOS), and Urban Approaching Line Of Sight (UALOS).
A far-travelled word: Old Norse skeið ʻracecourse, running trackʼ in early literature and place-names

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Traditionally explained from Germanic *skaidan ‘to separate, divide’, the Old Norse neuter noun skeid and its reflexes have a range of senses, many of them relating to stretches of time or space, but the present study seeks especially to review the often uncertain and contested evidence for the sense ‘racecourse, running track’ and hence for the cultural practice of racing on horseback or on foot. Starting from an observation that this sense seems to occur in early skaldic poetry and in a minor name in North-East England, the study draws on a wide range of literary and toponymic evidence, taking in skaldic kennings for ‘sea’ and other concepts, narratives of races, chases, and journeys through the Icelandic landscape, Norwegian folklore and placenames from much of the Scandinavian-speaking world. There is a particular focus on Scotland and England, where the word skeid, although not recognised in major dictionaries, seems to have lived on in the coining of place-names.
The Association between Religious Beliefs and Practices and End-of-Life Fears among Members of the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A)

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examines the association between various religious beliefs and practices and fears pertaining to death and dying in a national sample of liberal Protestant U.S. adults. Data were analyzed from a 2002 survey of members and elders of the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A) ( N = 935). Four measures of religion were tested together in models predicting four end-of-life fears. Church attendance ( p < .01), other church involvement ( p < .05), and belief in life after death ( p < .001) had negative associations with the fear of what happens after death. Private devotion was inversely related to the fear of dying in pain ( p < .05). Involvement in church activities ( p < .05), aside from religious services, was inversely related to the fear of leaving loved ones behind. Females tended to be more fearful than males of dying alone and dying in pain and older adults tended to be less fearful than younger adults of the unknown and of leaving loved ones behind.
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN MAKASSAR TIDAK RANTASA PEMERINTAH KOTA MAKASSAR (Studi Analisa Teori Isikawa)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract: Cleanliness a reflection for every individual in maintaining the health that is so important in everyday life. As we know that hygiene is a condition free of all impurities, diseases, etc., which can harm all aspects of every activity and behavior of the community environment. Makassar is one of the cities that is currently committed to making the city free of waste or Makassar slogan not slap. This study aims to determine the implementation of policy. To measure the implementation of Makassar policy does not rantasa research menggukana fishborn theory, The basic concept of a fishbone diagram is a fundamental problem placed on the right side of the diagram or on the head of the skeleton of the fishbone. Implementation is still lacking and the community must intervene also help the government in realizing makassar into a clean city where the community must menjada cleanliness of each environment, Activate gotong royong in every urban kelurahan - makassar district to be all involved in peogram work MTR or makassar not rantasa and the main cause for the implementation of the policy can run according to the desired where the matter of hygiene equipment that must be complete at setiak kelurahan located in Each district of Makassar city. Keywords: Cleanliness, Local Government, Policy Implementation Abstrak: Kebersihan sebuah cerminan bagi setiap individu dalam menjaga kesehatan yang begitu penting dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. seperti yang kita ketahui bahwa kebersihan merupakan suatu keadaan yang bebas dari segala kotoran, penyakit, dan lain lain, yang dapat merugikan segala aspek yang menyangkut setiap kegiatan dan perilaku lingkungan masyarakat. Makassar adalah salah satu kota yang saat ini sedang berkomitmen menjadikan kota makassar bebas sampah atau dengan slogan makassar tidak rantasa. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi kebijakan. Untuk mengukur pelaksanaan kebijakan makassar tidak rantasa penelitian menggukana teori fishborn , konsep dasar dari diagram fishbone adalah permasalahan mendasar diletakkan pada bagian kanan dari diagram atau pada bagian kepala dari kerangka tulang ikannya. Implementasinya masih kurang dan masyarakat harus turun tangan juga membantu pemerintah dalam mewujudkan makassar menjadi kota bersih dimana masyarakat harus menjada kebersihan lingkungan masing – masing, aktifkan gotong royong di setiap kelurahan – kelurahan kota makassar tersebut agar semuat turut terlibat dalam peogram kerja MTR atau makassar tidak rantasa dan penyebab utama agar implementasi kebijakan tersebut bisa berjalan sesuai yang di inginkan di mana soal peralatan kebersihan yang harus lengkap di setiak kelurahan yang berada di masing-masing kecamatan kota makassar. Kata kunci: Kebersihan, Pemerintahan Daerah, Implementasi Kebijakan
SFT: Few-Shot Learning via Self-Supervised Feature Fusion With Transformer

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The few-shot learning paradigm aims to generalize to unseen tasks with limited samples. \nHowever, a focus solely on class-level discrimination may fall short of achieving robust generalization, \nespecially when neglecting instance diversity and discriminability. This study introduces a metric-based \nfew-shot approach, named Self-supervised Feature Fusion with Transformer (SFT), which integrates \nself-supervised learning with a transformer. SFT addresses the limitations of previous approaches by \nemploying two distinct self-supervised tasks in separate models during pre-training, thus enhancing both \ninstance diversity and discriminability in the feature space. The training process unfolds in two stages: pretraining and transfer learning. In pre-training, each model undergoes training with specific self-supervised \ntasks to harness the benefits of enhanced feature space. In the subsequent transfer learning stage, model \nweights are frozen, acting as feature extractors. The features from both models are amalgamated using \na feature fusion technique and are transformed into task-specific features by a transformer, boosting \ndiscrimination on unseen tasks. The combined features enable the model to learn a well-generalized \nrepresentation, effectively tackling the challenges posed by few-shot tasks. The proposed SFT method \nachieves state-of-the-art results on three benchmark datasets in few-shot image classification.
PENGARUH KECANDUAN INTERNET TERHADAP ONLINE COMPULSIVE BUYING DI MASA PANDEMI CORONAVIRUS DISEASE (COVID-19)

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Restrictions on community activities are carried out in such a way as to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 virus. This causes various activities such as shopping experience changes. Shopping online is an option to fulfilling needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Apart from complying with the rules for not leaving the house, shopping online is considered more practical and safer during a pandemic. This study aims to determine the effect of internet addiction on online compulsive buying during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study uses correlational quantitative approach. The study sample consisted of 334 individuals with criterias aged 18-25 years, using the internet more than 38 hours a week, and shopping online during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study used purposive sampling for sample techniques. The scales used are The Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and Compulsive Online Shopping Scale (COSS). The analysis in this study used a simple linear regression test. The results of the study found that there is an influence between internet addiction and online compulsive buying during the COVID-19 pandemic. The effect of internet addiction on online compulsive buying is 9.30% while 90.70% is influenced by other factors.
The Effects of Early Life Factors on Elder Physical Activity Disparities in High and Middle Income Countries

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

To delay chronic disease and promote general health among older adults, physical activity (PA) is often recommended and promoted in a public health setting. Unfortunately, there are a number multi-level factors associated with low PA that occur prior to old age, known as early life adversities. It is well established across the globe that social and economic adversity are associated with poor health outcomes and behaviors. This dissertation presents findings from two quantitative studies with a global sample and one qualitative study with a local sample to examine the effect of life course factors and older adult physical performance and PA behavior disparities. The first two studies utilized global health data from the International Mobility in Aging Study (IMIAS), and found that site location, gender, income, and sex were associated to PA. In addition, economic adversity transition is associated to physical performance. The third study found that neighborhood type (urban vs. rural) played a role in Native Hawaiian older adult PA type and physical performance. This relationship could possibly be mediated by how discrimination and poverty are perceived, as they were perceived differently by older adults from the two different neighborhoods. Results from this dissertation support targeting childhood and life course environmental and socio-demographic factors as effective ways to improve older adult PA and physical performance. Future PA promoting interventions should be tailored to their target population based on region, and not just ethnicity. To build on findings from this dissertation, future research is needed to further examine how childhood adversity and perceived discrimination plays a role in older adult physical performance and PA behaviors.
Richter's hernia at site of insertion of laparoscope.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

susceptible to obstruction as a result of lymnphoid hyperplasia until involution of this lymphoid tissue occurs.This relationship would account for the characteristic age distribution of acute appendicitis.On this basis lymphoid hyperplasia occurring during viral exanthemata and bacterial infections could lead to appendicitis.However, one study has shown that there is no greater incidence of acute appendicitis in children with these infections than there is in children who are otherwise well."An alternative explanation is that obstruction is due to muscular spasm in the appendix associated with a low-fibre diet, as is thought to occur in the colon, and this would account for the geographical distribution of the disease.