jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Thermoperiod Effects on Diapause Induction inMicroplitis croceipes(Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Daily thermoperiods of 27–18° C (square wave) induced diapause in Microplitis croceipes in continuous darkness, whereas diapause was inhibited in continuous light. Scotophase temperatures were more important than photophase temperatures in diapause induction when photophase was held constant and scotophase increased (increasing light-to-dark ratio). Conversely, when scotophase was held constant and photophase was increased, diapause decreased. This suggests that the ratio of light to dark may be critical in diapause induction of M. croceipes . In addition, diapause induction increased when low temperature coincided with the scotophase of the photoperiod.
Utilizing the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and sweet potato leaf litter for the growth and production of andrographolide compounds in Andrographis paniculata

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract. Suharno, Cahyaningsih A, Sujarta P, Gunaedi T, Suyono IJ, Runtuboi DYP, Sufaati S. 2024. Utilizing the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and sweet potato leaf litter for the growth and production of andrographolide compounds in Andrographis paniculata. Biodiversitas 25: 1427-1435. This research aims to determine the effect of AMF diversity and the leaf litter of sweet potato on the growth and production of andrographolide compounds in sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees.). Factorial analysis in a completely randomized experimental design with two factors and six replicates was used in this research. The factors consisted of the AMF inoculation (non-mycorrhizal, the inoculation with Glomus sp1, Glomus sp2, and Glomus aggregatum) and the addition of sweet potato leaf litter (without litter, with 5, 10, and 15 g per polybag). The results showed that AMF inoculation significantly increased plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, and biomass. Likewise, the addition of sweet potato leaf litter also affected the plant growth in all parameters. The combination between AMF inoculation and leaf litter addition contributes positively to the overall plant growth. The highest growth was noted in the plant inoculated with Glomus sp2 grown in the media added with 10 g of leaf litter per polybag. The inoculation of an indigenous AMF, Glomus sp2, could enhance the andrographolide compound content by 3.65%. AMF, thus, has the potential to improve the growth and content of andrographolide compounds in A. paniculata.
Fabrication of water-dispersible functionalized graphene for bioimaging

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Graphene is a ground breaking material which is a single layer of carbon atoms, with six atoms arranged in a honeycombed structure. Going up the scale, with multiple layers of graphene forms graphite which is utilised in product of pencil that comes naturally to mind of many when carbon being mentioned. Despite being light, it is the strongest material and it is harder than diamond and even steel. In recent years of the 21st century, carbon is taking the research world by storm due to its unique change in properties in the nanoscale. With its excellent chemical, electrical and mechanical properties, many of the possibilities are explored in discovering the shift of host materials in many current technologies. Graphene also finds its way to electronics and optoelectronics where it is also the same group as silicon. Especially in optoelectronics that nanolighting is crucial in biological application. The emphasis of this project will be on synthesizing graphene particles for upcoming phase of biomedical field where bioimaging of cells are important investigation of cells and their morphologies.
The Emotional Meaning of Life Events: A Qualitative Study of the Perspective of Patients with Eating Disorders

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Positive and negative life events play a decisive role in the development, maintenance, and recovery of eating disorders (Schmidt et al., 1997). For this reason, they can be considered risk and protective factors for eating disorders. However, little is known about how these life events relate to the experience of specific emotions or feelings and their meaning from the patient’s perspective. Only recently has psychological theory begun to consider the role of emotions in eating disorders. Therefore, in this study, 18 female patients with ages ranging between 16 and 21 years with anorexia and bulimia nervosa identified their happiest and saddest life events, as well as their related emotional experiences. Text analyses were conducted using the software program QSR-N*Vivo. Findings showed that the saddest events (e.g., the death of a relative) were related to feelings of perceived lack and loss of support and selfworth, and the happiest events (e.g., the beginning of a relationship) were related to feelings of perceived social support and affection, personal valuation, a sense of family unity, autonomy and independence. In treatment programs, it is essential to enhance patient resources and increase the presence of positive emotional experiences Additionally, emotional regulatory strategies and competencies should be promoted to deal with negative emotional experiences, considering that some eating disorder behaviors may be used to moderate or suppress negative emotions related specific past or current life events.
P4‐235: TDP‐43 OLIGOMER PATHOLOGY IN FRONTOTEMPORAL LOBAR DEMENTIA, AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The accumulation of TDP-43 inclusion bodies is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases, including frontotemporal lobar dementia (FTLD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). TDP-43 in these disorders is often found in cytoplasm in an abnormally phosphorylated and ubiquitinated form. Our previous study demonstrated that full-length TDP-43 can form toxic amyloid oligomers that are accumulated in the forebrain of transgenic TDP-43 mice and FTLD-TDP patients. We generated TDP-43 oligomers specific monoclonal antibodies (mTDP-O antibodies) by using BALB/c mice immunized with full-length TDP-43. mTDP-O antibodies were further characterized by dot blot, WB and ELISA assay. FTLD, ALS, and control tissue sections were stained with mTDP-O antibodies. The TDP-43 injection mouse model we used is 5 month-old C57/BL6 mice. The mice were bilaterally injected with TDP-43, TDP-43 premixed with one mTDP-O antibody, buffer control or IgG control into hippocampus. The spatial learning and memory were determined by Morris Water Maze. We have generated a panel of mTDP-O antibodies, and characterized the affinity of these TDP-O antibodies against TDP-43 oligomers and monomers. Using mTDP-O antibodies, we found TDP-43 oligomers are present not only in hippocampi of FTLD-TDP patients, but in the motor cortex and spinal cord of ALS patients. Besides, TDP-43 oligomers are partially colocalized with phosphorylated TDP-43 in hippocampus regions of FTLD-TDP patients. The results of Morris Water Maze test in the TDP-43 oligomer injection mouse model showed that TDP-43 oligomer injected mice was deficient in long-term memory. In contrast, the mice injected with TDP-43 oligomer premixed with the mTDP-O antibody behaved normally. The results indicated that the mTDP-O antibody can neutralize the toxicity effect of TDP-43 oligomers. Besides, since TDP-43 pathology presents in up to 57% of AD, now we are using mTDP-O antibodies to evaluate the prevalence of TDP-43 oligomers in AD tissues. TDP-43 oligomers exist in FTLD and ALS patients. Now we are studying whether TDP oligomers are present in AD brain tissues. Moreover, one mTDP-O antibody can neutralize TDP-43 oligomers induced toxicity. TDP-43 oligomer is a potential therapeutic target for TDP-43 pathology related diseases.
Rural Information Provision in Zambia: problems and prospects

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Discusses the information needs of rural communities and the problems of providing information service to illiterates, with special reference to Zambia. Briefly outlines the information services provided to rural areas in Zambia by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries (MAFF), the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Community Development and Social Welfare (MCDSW) and the Zambia Library Service (ZLS) of the Ministry of Education. Analyses the problems of each service and concludes that the community welfare centres of the MCDSW provide a better basis for community information service than the libraries of the ZLS. Emphasizes the need for better coordination of existing efforts in rural information provision in Zambia.
…Fell Upas Sits, the Hydra-Tree of Death †, or the Phytotoxicity of Trees

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The use of natural products that can serve as natural herbicides and insecticides is a promising direction because of their greater safety for humans and environment. Secondary metabolites of plants that are toxic to plants and insects—allelochemicals—can be used as such products. Woody plants can produce allelochemicals, but they are studied much less than herbaceous species. Meanwhile, there is a problem of interaction of woody species with neighboring plants in the process of introduction or invasion, co-cultivation with agricultural crops (agroforestry) or in plantation forestry (multiclonal or multispecies plantations). This review describes woody plants with the greatest allelopathic potential, allelochemicals derived from them, and the prospects for their use as biopesticides. In addition, the achievement of and the prospects for the use of biotechnology methods in relation to the allelopathy of woody plants are presented and discussed.
The Circadian NAD+Metabolism: Impact on Chromatin Remodeling and Aging

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Gene expression is known to be a stochastic phenomenon. The stochastic gene expression rate is thought to be altered by topological change of chromosome and/or by chromatin modifications such as acetylation and methylation. Changes in mechanical properties of chromosome/chromatin by soluble factors, mechanical stresses from the environment, or metabolites determine cell fate, regulate cellular functions, or maintain cellular homeostasis. Circadian clock, which drives the expression of thousands of genes with 24-hour rhythmicity, has been known to be indispensable for maintaining cellular functions/homeostasis. During the last decade, it has been demonstrated that chromatin also undergoes modifications with 24-hour rhythmicity and facilitates the fine-tuning of circadian gene expression patterns. In this review, we cover data which suggests that chromatin structure changes in a circadian manner and that NAD + is the key metabolite for circadian chromatin remodeling. Furthermore, we discuss the relationship among circadian clock, NAD + metabolism, and aging/age-related diseases. In addition, the interventions of NAD + metabolism for the prevention and treatment of aging and age-related diseases are also discussed.
Drawing as Embodied Lines of Inquiry and Attuning

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper examines some of the ways in which university-level foundation studies in architecture and design, which are undertaken as forms of situated praxes, can encourage students to more meaningfully – and more readily – ground their drawn lines of inquiry, their works, and themselves in corporeal presence, attunement, and place. It aims to share some experiments in phenomenologically-based approaches, as possible ways for more commonly interweaving action and analysis, practice and theory. The engagements with these embodied and relational practices are not merely about meaning‐making through the subjectivities the students produce. Rather the practices also include the meaning‐making co‐produced through relations with one another, with the given occasion(s), and the particular place(s). In short, the attempt will be made to demonstrate how a series of body‐centred and place‐oriented drawing practices can help instill forms of embodied criticality and wonder in the students’ own modus operandi. \nThe cases to be discussed will include a series of sketchbook methods, embodied vision workshops, as well as in situ spatial interventions; with each strategy offering different means for probing and contesting the ocularcentrism prevalent in much of architecture and design representations today. The attempt will be made to show how these practices and tools can be seen as significant because they invite students to question and challenge the intensification of experiential blindness in their education and profession(s), whilst also purposefully resisting such dualities as real vs. virtual, analogue vs. digital, etc.
The study of the antibiotic resistance pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from hospitalized patients in Arak

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a human opportunistic pathogen which is considered one of the agents causing nosocamial infection. Recent studies have reported increased resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to imipenem. The aim of this study was to determine resistance to antipseudomonal antibiotics including imipenem in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains obtained from clinical samples of patients in hospitals in Arak, Iran, were identified and isolated through microbiological methods, including Gram staining, oxidase test, Indol test, and oxidativefermentative test. Then antibiotic susceptibility test was performed for imipenem, meropenem, gentamicin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, and ceftazidime by disk diffusion method according to NCCLS (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was done for determining imipenem-resistant strains Results: Antibiotic susceptibility test showed that resistance rates to imipenem, meropenem, gentamicin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, and ceftazidime were 35%, 35%, 14%, 9%, 23% and 15%, respectively. Also, MIC test showed that 30 strains were resistant to imipenem, 27 to ceftazidime, 35 to cefepime, and 35 to ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated a high rate of antibiotics resistant of Pseudomonas aeroginosa strains to different antibiotic groups. Therefore, new and more effective methods should be found for controlling Pseudomonas infections and preventing the outbreak of its antibiotic-resistant strains.
Comprehensive assessment of truncated HER2 in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded breast cancer tissue by chromogenic duplex immunohistochemistry.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

e11059 Background: Truncated forms of HER2, previously described in subsets of HER2 positive breast cancer, lack the extracellular domain (ECD) but may retain intracellular domain (ICD) functionality and may render tumors less sensitive to HER2 targeted therapy. Herein, we describe a workflow to comprehensively detect truncated HER2 forms regardless of their putative origin (e.g., from alternative initiation of translation, or proteolytic cleavage) in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue (FFPET). Methods: Multispectral unmixing of chromogenic duplex immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to generate ECD and ICD specific images. Mean ECD/ICD ratios were calculated per case and related to those of full-length HER2 overexpressing SKBR3 cells as standard. The quantitative assessment of staining intensities was restricted to membranes of morphologically intact, vital tumor cells, using Definiens Developer – based image analysis. Technical validation was performed in various cell models reflecting both proteolytic ECD cleavage as well as alternative translation initiation resulting in the truncated HER2 variant CTF-611. Results: The IHC – based workflow accurately detected HER2 ECD and ICD in cell based models, regardless of the origin of the truncated membrane-bound protein. In a pilot series of FFPET breast cancer samples, 5/14 showed decreased mean ECD/ICD ratios at levels comparing to SKBR3 cells pretreated with a metalloproteinase activating compound. 9/14 had a ECD/ICD ratio within the normal range observed in full-length HER2 overexpressing SKBR3 cells. An unexpected heterogeneity of ECD/ICD ratios was observed in some cases, suggesting that focal loss of ECD may occur in a subset of breast cancer cases. Conclusions: Duplex IHC in FFPET accurately detects truncated HER2 in the context of full length HER2 and therefore captures potential co-existence of different HER2 variants lacking the ECD. This approach preserves tumor morphology, enabling pathologists to relate local loss of ECD to potential tumor heterogeneity. The biological relevance of global or focal decrease of HER2 ECD/ICD ratio remains to be evaluated in clinically annotated samples.
Assessment of Secondary Nutrients Status of Inceptisol Soils from Manjra Basin Area of Latur Tahsil of Latur District

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present investigation carried out entitled “Assessment of secondary and micronutrient status of soils of Manjra basin area of Latur tahsil in Latur district.” was undertaken for assessing the fertility status of soils from Latur tahsil. For this purpose total 100 soil samples were collected from twenty villages, among each village five soil samples were collected from Manjra basin area of Latur tahsil. These soil samples were distributed according to their representative depth as per order. Out of which which 61 samples, 27 samples and 12 number of samples were categorized as Inceptisols, Entisols and Vertisols respectively. Further, this collected soil samples were analyzed for their physico-chemical properties (pH, Electrical conductivity, organic carbon and calcium carbonate) and available secondary nutrients calcium, magnesium and sulphur. The soils of Manjra basin area of Latur tahsil under Inceptisols, Entisols and Vertisol were neutral to moderately alkaline in soil pH, safe in electrical conductivity for crop growth, low to moderately high in organic carbon content and non-calcareous to calcareous in nature. Medium in exchangeable calcium and magnesium while high in available sulphur content. According to the concept of “Soil Nutrient Index”, the availability of these nutrients was medium in exchangeable calcium and magnesium and high in available Sulphur.
Nonrecurrent Laryngeal Nerve

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Avoiding injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerves is the major consideration in every thyroidectomy. Advocates of routine exposure are challenged by an equal number opposing exposure. Unquestionably, when these nerves are not identified the incidence of damage will be somewhat higher. A recent experience of ours documents another of the many reasons for routine exposure. During the course of a parathyroid gland exploration on a 46-year-old woman, we sought in vain the right recurrent laryngeal nerve. The adenoma was easily identified in the left lower parathyroid gland, and the three other glands were found in their usual position. The left recurrent laryngeal nerve lay in the tracheoesophageal groove. The great vessels of the neck all appeared normal. At length, after releasing additional adipose tissue, we uncovered a nonrecurrent nerve, as shown in Fig 1. This was a rather large structure which originated from the cervical trunk of the vagus at
Efficacy of Coronary Stenting Versus Ballon Angioplasty in Small Coronary Arteries

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and aim: The most common approach of percutaneous myocardial revascularization is stent placement. In de novo focal lesions found in big native arteries, balloon angioplasty had lower efficacy than coronary stenting. However, the usefulness of stenting in small arteries remains debatable. The purpose study aimed to compare the efficacy of coronary stenting vs. balloon angioplasty in small coronary arteries. Patients and Method: This comparative study was carried out on 132 patients with lesion in small coronary arteries (reference diameter <3mm) in the department of Interventional Cardiology, MTI- Hayat Abad Medical Complex, Peshawar from 16th January 2021 to 15th July 2022. Patients were arbitrarily assigned to stent implantation and standard balloon angioplasty. Study protocol was approved by research and ethical committee. Each individual provided written informed consent. The rates of clinical event were evaluated within 1 year. Descriptive statistics was carried out in SPSS version 26. Results: Of the total patients, there were 80 (60.6%) male and 52 (39.4%) were females. Both groups were assigned 66 patients and had similar baseline characteristics and angiography data. Based on treatment analysis, the major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) and angiographic success rate were similar: 5.2% and 96.8% in coronary stenting versus 5.9% and 92.4% in balloon angioplasty group respectively. About 4.2% patients underwent abrupt closure changes within 30 days. Stenting convened the substantially larger lumen (1.52 mm vs. 1.32 mm, p<0.001) at 6 months and larger post-procedural lumen diameter (2.31 vs. 1.82 mm, p<0.001) as compared to balloon angioplasty. The incidence of restenosis was found 36% and 56% in coronary stenting and balloon angioplasty respectively. The survival rate (event-free) was achieved in 79% and 69% (p=0.021) in coronary stenting and angioplasty respectively. Conclusion: The present study found that optimum balloon angioplasty with preliminary stenting may be a viable therapeutic option for small coronary arteries lesions. Restenosis was found to be 36% and 56% in coronary stenting and balloon angioplasty, respectively. Keywords: Restenosis, Small coronary arteries, Balloon angioplasty, Coronary stenting
Synthesis of Phthalimide Derivatives as Potential PPAR-γ Ligands

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Paecilocin A, a phthalide derivative isolated from the jellyfish-derived fungus Paecilomyces variotii, activates PPAR-γ (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) in rat liver Ac2F cells. Based on a SAR (Structure-activity relationships) study and in silico analysis of paecilocin A-mimetic derivatives, additional N-substituted phthalimide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for PPAR-γ agonistic activity in both murine liver Ac2F cells and in human liver HepG2 cells by luciferase assay, and for adipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 cells. Docking simulation indicated PD6 was likely to bind most strongly to the ligand binding domain of PPAR-γ by establishing crucial H-bonds with key amino acid residues. However, in in vitro assays, PD1 and PD2 consistently displayed significant PPAR-γ activation in Ac2F and HepG2 cells, and adipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.