jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comparison of carcass and meat quality traits of the native Polish Heath lambs and the Carpathian kids

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of the study was to compare selected parameters of carcass and meat quality including testing of volatile compounds of male lambs and kids derived from Polish native breeds (Polish Heath Sheep and Carpathian Goat). For most of the slaughter parameters, no differences were found between the two species although the meat and bones weights in the legs of kids was higher than that found for lambs. The study shows differences in the chemical composition and quality characteristics of the meat. Drip loss was lower in kid meat, indicating better water binding capacity. In contrast, the roasted meat of Carpathian kids was less tender than that of lambs. There was more dry matter and protein in the muscle of the kids; the differences between species occurred between most fatty acids. The analysis of volatile compounds showed differentiation between the evaluated meat of lambs and kids. Despite the differences in the assessment of the physico-chemical and nutritional parameters of lamb and goat meat, both types of meat can be considered are a valuable component of the diet, while high values of the organoleptic assessment indicate a good reception of both products by consumers.
Blind source separation and kalman filter-based speech enhancement in a car environment

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we present a speech enhancement method as a pre-processor in a car environment. For the friendly and safe use of the voice commander in a running car, non-stationary audio signals such as music and non-candidate speech should be reduced. Our technique is a two microphone-based one. It consists of two parts, i.e., blind source separation (BSS) and Kalman filtering. Firstly, BSS is operated as a spatial filter to deal with non-stationary signals and then car noise is reduced by Kalman filtering. The algorithm performance is tested with a speech recognizer. The results show that our algorithm can be very helpful for the voice commander in a car environment.
Data conversion between IS&C format and DICOM format images in a personal computer environment

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This paper describes an image viewing process on the Image Save And Carry (IS&C) and the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) and conversion between these standards. The personal computer based image viewer can convert image format and is implemented on the image transmission application extending IS&C system by using the DICOM transfer function. The Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare showed the technical criteria (security, long-term reliability and compatibility) for the electronic storage of the medical images in 1994. This viewer will conform this criteria. This system is a prototype IS&C viewing station which currently implemented on DOS/V 6.2 and MS-Windows 3.1 environment. We think that the linage station have to archive and transmit images with a simple operation. This system lets us make efficient use of the medical image information without difficulties.
Miss Universe contest, 1959

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

8 images. Miss Universe contest, 16 July 1959. Miss Universe '58... Luz Marina Zuloaga; Korea... Hyum Choo Oh; Thailand... Sondi Sodsai; Burma... Than Than Aye; USA... Arleen Howell; Iceland... Sigridur Thorvaldsdottir; England... Pamela Anne Searle; Norway... Jorunn Kristiansen; Sweden... Marie-Louise Ekstrom; New Mexico... Carol Jones; Poland... Zuzanna Combrowska; Caption slip reads: "Photographer: Miller. Reporter: Kay. Assignment: Miss Universe. 17: Miss Universe & Miss Columbia. 18: Misses Korea, Thailand, Burma. 223: Hawaii -- USA (Arleen Howell). 224: From L -- Iceland, England, Denmark, Norway, Sweden. 207-208: 2 Front: Sweden, Denmark; Norway [...] 49: Miss Iceland. 50: New Mexico. 6: Poland".
Urban carbon dioxide cycles within the Salt Lake Valley: A multiple-box model validated by observations

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

[1] A multiple-box model was developed to determine how meteorological, anthropogenic, and biological processes combine to produce diel cycles of carbon dioxide (CO2) mole fraction during each of the four calendar-based seasons within Salt Lake Valley, Utah, USA. The model was forced by observed winds, sounding-derived mixing depths, an anthropogenic CO2 emissions inventory, and net biological flux estimates based on temperature, solar radiation, and ecosystem type. The model was validated using hourly CO2 mole fractions measured at five sites in the urban Salt Lake Valley (uSLV) area for 2005–2009 (spatial average of observations denoted by Cobs). The model accounted for 53% of Cobs on an hourly basis, and accounted for 90–94% of the mean diel cycle of Cobs depending on season. The multiple-box model results indicated that CO2 change rates within the uSLV mean diel cycles were largely the result of imbalances between anthropogenic processes adding CO2 and meteorological processes removing or diluting CO2. Removal by wind (advection) was the most important CO2 reduction process on average, but dilution of CO2 by entrainment of air from above the mixing height overtook advection in importance between sunrise and midday. During summer mornings, CO2 reduction attributable to photosynthesis below shallow mixing heights was of intermediate importance between advection and entrainment, but the overall net effect of biological processes was the least important influence on CO2 change rates during each of the four seasons.
The influence of basic residues on the substrate specificity of protein kinase C.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The substrate specificity of protein kinase C has been examined using a series of synthetic peptide analogs of glycogen synthase, ribosomal protein S6, and the epidermal growth factor receptor. The glycogen synthase analog peptide Pro1-Leu-Ser-Arg-Thr-Leu-Ser-Val-Ala-Ala10 was phosphorylated at Ser7 with a Km of 40.3 microM. Peptide phosphorylation was strongly dependent on Arg4. When lysine was substituted for Arg4 the Km was increased approximately 20-fold. Addition of basic residues on either the NH2-terminal or COOH-terminal side of the phosphorylation site of the glycogen synthase peptide improved the kinetics of peptide phosphorylation. The analog Pro-Leu-Ser-Arg-Thr-Leu-Ser-Val-Ala-Ala-Lys-Lys was phosphorylated with a Km of 4.1 microM. Substitution of Ser7 with threonine increased the apparent Km to 151 microM. The truncated peptide Pro1-Leu-Ser-Arg-Thr-Leu-Ser-Val8 was phosphorylated with similar kinetic constants to the parent peptide, however, deletion of Val8 increased the apparent Km to 761 microM. The ribosomal peptide S6-(229-239) was phosphorylated with a Km of approximately 0.5 microM predominantly on Ser236 and is one of the most potent synthetic peptide substrates reported for a protein kinase. The apparent Km for S6 peptide phosphorylation was increased by either deletion of the NH2-terminal 3 residues Ala229-Arg-231 or by substitution of Arg238 on the COOH-terminal side of the phosphorylation site with alanine. This analog peptide, [Ala238]S6-(229-239) was phosphorylated with an approximate 6-fold reduction in Vmax and a switch in the preferred site of phosphorylation from Ser236 to Ser235. These results support the concept that basic residues on both sides of the phosphorylation site can have an important influence on the kinetics of phosphorylation and site specificity of protein kinase C.
In-vitro and in-vivo activities of a novel cephamycin MT-141 against the Bacteroides fragilis group in comparison with six cephem antibiotics

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

MT-141 inhibited 90% of the clinical isolates of Bacteroides fragilis at 3.13 mg/l, whereas six reference cephem antibiotics inhibited them at 12.5- greater than 100 mg/l. MT-141 was stable to the Bacteroides beta-lactamases, but the stability alone could not explain the potent activity of MT-141 against the other Bacteroides spp., which produced only small amounts of beta-lactamase, but were resistant to other cephem antibiotics. MT-141 exhibited a higher killing rate and more potent in-vivo efficacy than the reference cephem antibiotics against Bact. fragilis No. 36 combined with Escherichia coli No. 29. In conclusion, the in-vitro and in-vivo anti-bacteroides activities of MT-141 ranked first among those of the cephem antibiotics compared.
Validation of the Outcome Expectancy Scale for HIV Serostatus Disclosure to Female Sex Partners Among Men Who Have Sex with Men and Women Living with HIV in China

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The study aimed to develop an instrument, Outcome Expectancy Scale (OES), to assess outcome expectancies regarding disclosing HIV-positive status to the regular female sex partner (i.e. girlfriend, wife) based on a cross-sectional survey among 217 men who have sex with men and women living with HIV. We developed the positive OES and negative OES, and five factors were identified for each of them by the Exploratory Factor Analysis, respectively. The psychometric properties were satisfactory. This 30-item OES was valid and reliable in assessing outcome expectancies, and it could be used to inform intervention design and theory development.
Developing a ‘just therapy’: context and the ascription of meaning

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The ways in which meanings are ascribed often indicate both the nature of the relationship and the understandings that can be expected to ensue. If, for example, a school teacher says to a young pupil that they need to complete a task or there will be consequences, then it is reasonably clear that the teacher is drawing upon his or her senior status to direct the pupil. When a member of the police force says the same thing to another adult it carries an authoritative nuance that is quite different from the nuance of a woman speaking to her partner, or an employee addressing his or her boss. Human beings are very sensitive to meaning. They perceive the nature and value of relationships through the meanings they understand emanate from the other.‘Just therapy’ grew out of a seed that sought to distinguish the branches of meaning in therapeutic encounters. It grew in a soil of disenfranchised people, who though vulnerable and searching for help, were often subject to established and prescribed trunks of assessment and direction. These therapeutic prescriptions carried with them the claims of professionalism to neutrality and higher knowledge, and in so doing, often bypassed the fundamental core of meaning that had developed among the people they were designed for. Although cultural boundaries and expectations differed, the fields were ploughed as though every paddock was the same. Gender differences and socioeconomic status distinctions played a minor role when compared with the universality of the chosen therapeutic direction.The ‘just therapy’ approach, by contrast, privileges the notion of context as being critical to a person's or family's health and well-being rather than universal approaches (Waldegrave et al. 2003a). ‘Context’ refers to the impact and ongoing influence of the lived experience of people from their earliest, given relationships to their mature choices and expressions of culture, gender, and to a lesser extent socioeconomic positioning. Although genetic inheritance is a major determinant of individual functioning, people learn to value certain ways of acting in the world over others through the primary expressions of care they receive that in turn impart culture, socioeconomic status, and gendered cues. These cues take on specific meanings, and words with associated emotions and body cues amplify those meanings.People learn to interact and communicate through explanations and modelling from the intimate group they are born into or placed in. Their sense of security, predictability, and order stems from this contextual mixture of cultured and gendered experience of belonging, and is also influenced by the socioeconomic position through which it is expressed (Erikson 1950; Gerhardt 2004; Quintana et al. 2006). They learn the behaviours that are considered to be acceptable and those that are shameful. Socioeconomic status in modern democracies is more fluid than it used to be, and changes for some people during the course of their lifetime.
N-ethylmaleimide inhibition of the DNA-binding activity of the herpes simplex virus type 1 major DNA-binding protein

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The major herpes simplex virus DNA-binding protein, designated ICP8, binds tightly to single-stranded DNA and is required for replication of viral DNA. The sensitivity of the DNA-binding activity of ICP8 to the action of the sulfhydryl reagent N-ethylmaleimide has been examined by using nitrocellulose filter-binding and agarose gel electrophoresis assays. Incubation of ICP8 with N-ethylmaleimide results in a rapid loss of DNA-binding activity. Preincubation of ICP8 with single-stranded DNA markedly inhibits this loss of binding activity. These results imply that a free sulfhydryl group is involved in the interaction of ICP8 with single-stranded DNA and that this sulfhydryl group becomes less accessible to the environment upon binding. Agarose gel electrophoretic analysis of the binding interaction in the presence and absence of N-ethylmaleimide indicates that the cooperative binding exhibited by ICP8 is lost upon treatment with this reagent but that some residual noncooperative binding may remain. This last result was confirmed by equilibrium dialysis experiments with the 32P-labeled oligonucleotide dT10 and native and N-ethylmaleimide-treated ICP8.
Seasonal Prevalence of the Silver Y Moth, Autographa gamma(L.) (Noctuidae: Plusiinae) and the Asiatic Common Looper, A. nigrisigna(WALKER) in a Cabbage Field at Sapporo in Relation to the Number of Male Moths Captured by Sex-Pheromone Traps.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

1. 札幌市羊ヶ丘の北海道農業試験場内のキャベツ圃場で,キンウワバ個体の発生消長調査を1991年6月14日から12月4日まで毎週1回行った。また,ガンマキンウワバとタマナギンウワバの性フェロモントラップによる捕獲個体数を同年5月1日から11月30日まで,毎日調査した。2. キャベツ圃場から得られたキンウワバは,タマナギンウワバ,ガンマキンウワバとごく少数のイラクサギンウワバの3種であった。タマナギンウワバが春先から夏にかけて個体数が多く,9月以降減少するのに対し,ガンマキンウワバは,夏から秋にかけて増加し,9月以降12月4日まで25株当り5頭程度の個体数が維持されていた。3. ガンマキンウワバのトラップ捕獲個体数は,タマナギンウワバのそれと比較して格段に多かった。ガンマキンウワバが広い面積にわたり多数個体が生息しているのに対し,タマナギンウワバは,キャベツ圃場など限られた場所で密度が高いと推定された。
Recent Advances in Characterization of Melanin Pigments in Biological Samples

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The melanin pigments eumelanin (EM) and pheomelanin (PM), which are dark brown to black and yellow to reddish-brown, respectively, are widely found among vertebrates. They are produced in melanocytes in the epidermis, hair follicles, the choroid, the iris, the inner ear, and other tissues. The diversity of colors in animals is mainly caused by the quantity and quality of their melanin, such as by the ratios of EM versus PM. We have developed micro-analytical methods to simultaneously measure EM and PM and used these to study the biochemical and genetic fundamentals of pigmentation. The photoreactivity of melanin has become a major focus of research because of the postulated relevance of EM and PM for the risk of UVA-induced melanoma. Our biochemical methods have found application in many clinical studies on genetic conditions associated with alterations in pigmentation. Recently, besides chemical degradative methods, other methods have been developed for the characterization of melanin, and these are also discussed here.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Activates Rab5a To Suppress IRF1-Dependent Lambda Interferon Production, Subverting the Antiviral Defense of Airway Epithelial Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This study highlights the important role of Rab5a in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, such that its depletion inhibits RSV infection by stimulating the endogenous respiratory epithelial antiviral immunity and attenuates inflammation of the airway, which suggests that Rab5a is a powerful potential target for novel therapeutics against RSV infection.
Characterization and staging of outer plexiform layer development in human retina and retinal organoids

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The development of the first synapse of the visual system between photoreceptors and bipolar cells in the outer plexiform layer (OPL) of the human retina is crucial for visual processing but poorly understood. By studying the maturation state and spatial organization of photoreceptors, depolarizing bipolar cells and horizontal cells in the human fetal retina, we establish a pseudo-temporal staging system for OPL development that we term OPL-Stages 0 to 4. This was validated through quantification of increasingly precise subcellular localization of bassoon to the OPL with each stage (P&lt;0.0001). By applying these OPL staging criteria to human retinal organoids (HROs) derived from human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, we observed comparable maturation from OPL-Stage 0 at day 100 in culture up to OPL-Stage 3 by day 160. Quantification of presynaptic protein localization confirmed progression from OPL-Stage 0 to 3 (P&lt;0.0001). Overall, this study defines stages of human OPL development through mid-gestation and establishes HROs as a model system that recapitulates key aspects of human photoreceptor-bipolar cell synaptogenesis in vitro.
PHOTOSENSITIVE EFFECT OF THE BIOCHEMICAL AND ECONOMIC TRAITS OF Bombyx mori L.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The silkworm is by nature very delicate and sensitive to environmental conditions. The ecological factors, chiefly temperature, humidity and light during rearing show significant effect on growth larvae and finally cocoon crop quality. Silkworms are photosensitive and they have a tendency to crawl towards dim light. They do not like either strong light or complete darkness. In this way, based on various exposures of light on the effect of biochemical content and economic traits of silkworm were recorded. Biochemical content such as protein is highly essential for insects. The intracellular transport of the silk protein is dependent on hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity of the amino acid residues of the heavy and light chain of the silk protein and the haemolymph is the only extracellular fluid of insects with diverse functions and serves as reservoir for the products required for every physiological activity of the insect body, thus changes in the composition of haemolymph reflect the physiological and biochemical transformations taking place in the insect tissue. In this way of study, effect of light on biochemical content such as protein and carbohydrate of haemolyph and silk gland are significantly increased. The protein content was high in the haemolymph (17.48%) when the larvae exposed to 5 watt light and silk gland (66.67%) in 3 watt exposure group but fat body (44.33 %) when the larvae exposed to 8 watt. The carbohydrate content of haemolymph (35.54 %), silk gland (12.85%) and fat body (57.26 %) were significantly increased in 3 watt exposure group. In this findings, biochemical content had direct relation to economic traits of B. mori. The cocoon characters such as cocoon weight (28.42 per cent), pupal weight (20.9 per cent), shell weight (71 per cent) and shell ratio (33.48 per cent) were significantly increased in the 3 watt exposed group.
Low-Noise Chopper-Stabilized Multi-Path Operational Amplifier with Nested Miller Compensation for High-Precision Sensors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a low-noise multi-path operational amplifier for high-precision sensors. A chopper stabilization technique is applied to the amplifier to remove offset and flicker noise. A ripple reduction loop (RRL) is designed to remove the ripple generated in the process of up-modulating the flicker noise and offset. To cancel the notch in the overall transfer function due to the RRL operation, a multi-path architecture using both a low-frequency path (LFP) and high-frequency path (HFP) is implemented. The low frequency path amplifier is implemented using the chopper technique and the RRL. In the high-frequency path amplifier, a class-AB output stage is implemented to improve the power efficiency. The transfer functions of the LFP and HFP induce a first-order frequency response in the system through nested Miller compensation. The low-noise multi-path amplifier was fabricated using a 0.18 µm 1P6M complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process. The power consumption of the proposed low-noise operational amplifier is 0.174 mW with a 1.8 V supply and an active area of 1.18 mm2. The proposed low-noise amplifier has a unit gain bandwidth (UGBW) of 3.16 MHz, an input referred noise of 11.8 nV/√Hz, and a noise efficiency factor (NEF) of 4.46.
Analysis of transient phase conjugation in photorefractive media

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We explore phase conjugation of transient optical signals through the mechanism of degenerate four-wave mixing in photorefractive media. Our model is governed by Maxwell’s equations for the transient optical fields, coupled with Kukhtarev’s 1 diffusion equations for the material variables, under the assumptions of slowly varying envelopes and strong undepleted sinusoidal pumps. The resulting linear partial differential equations for the wave envelopes are solved via Laplace transform techniques in time. An explicit expression for the transfer function of the conjugator is obtained, and the related impulse response function is found by performing numerically an inverse Laplace transform. The conjugate signal is then expressed as an integral expression involving the probe signal and impulse response function. The effects of material parameters, an applied steady electric field, the total pump intensity, and the asymmetry of the pumps on the stability and performance of the conjugator are assessed.
Understanding resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced breast cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Activity and resistance to ICIs in BC are strongly related to the intrinsic immunophenotype of the tumor tissue. Several promising biomarkers reflecting the immunological state of BC are emerging, with only PD-L1 expression currently adopted into clinical practice. However, limitations make of PD-L1 a sub-optimal biomarker for patient selection, which require efforts to integrate this marker with other immunological features. Concomitantly, a wide variety of drug combinations designed to overcome immune-resistance are being evaluated, with some encouraging signals observed in early-phase trials. Combination strategies tailored to patient and tumor immunophenotype may allow to overcome resistance and fully exploit the potential of ICIs.