jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
OBSTETRICAL BRACHIAL PLEXUS ABRASION AND MEDICAL TRIALS PROGRAMME PRACTICE INSTRUCTIONS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: The current medical rule of exercise tends towards four present holes: (1) significant misuse of indication, (2) timing of transfer to multidisciplinary care, (3) signs and judgment of usable nerve fixation, and (4) appropriation of control. The purpose of the current research was to create evidence founded medical rule of rehearsal for essential administration of obstetric brachial plexus injury. Methods: A unique meta-examination of essential nerve binding and a survey of Canadians on the study of disease transmission and weight were recently completed. Our current research was conducted at Services Hospital, Lahore from January 2019 through December, 2019. The rule is proposed to altogether social insurance providers who treat newborns and youth, and to altogether experts who treat the most remote punctual injuries. Progress on the proposed rules has followed the cycle of guideline development in Cancer Care Ontario's Evidence-Based Care Program. Clinicians from each of Pakistan’s ten multidisciplinary focus areas formed the Evidence Elucidation and Proposals Agreement Group. An electronically adjusted Delphi approach was used for the agreement, with characterized comprehension criteria compared to the previous one. Quality markers for referral to a multidisciplinary center were established in agreement. Results: The basic informational index incorporates Narakas scheme, appendix length, and Active Movement Scale and Brachial Plexus Result Measure2 years after birth/medical intervention. Seven proposals address scientific holes and guide the ID, referral, behavior and evaluation of outcomes : (1) physically searching for OOPC in infants through arm asymmetry or danger aspects; (2) referring infants with OOPC from the multidisciplinary perspective at several months of age; (3) providing pregnancy and birth history and physical assessment results during delivery; (4) multidisciplinary perspectives should include a counselor and peripheral nerve specialist through experience in OOPC ; (5) Exercise based recovery should be encouraged by a multidisciplinary group; (6) Microsurgical nerve fixation is demonstrated in root separation and other usable OBPI home reunion measures; (7) Conclusion: An organized referral structure is available for key considerations, including suggestions for referral. The procedure has built another pioneering system of pioneers and outcome analysts for the improvement of extra menses and multi-center examination. Keywords: Practice Guideline, Obstetrical, , Pakistan, National Medical Trials, Programme, Brachial Plexus Lesion.
<title>SEDS, earth, atmosphere, and space imaging system (SEASIS)</title>

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Students for the Exploration and Development of Space (SEDS) Satellite #1 (SEDSAT 1) will fly a unique multi-role imaging system. The system, known as SEDS Earth, Atmosphere, and Space Imaging System (SEASIS) will be used to determine SEDSAT attitude during the spacecraft's deployment, study the optical properties of the atmosphere in the visible spectrum, monitor earth cloud cover, and serve as an educational tool for primary and secondary schools. The system has two visible CCD cameras (one camera has a 10 degree telephoto lens and the other camera has a 45 degree panoramic annular lens), two filter wheel systems, a frame grabber/digitizer, a multichip module processor, and 1 Gigabit of static memory. SEASIS is in the final prototype stages, and is approved for launch aboard SEDSAT 1 from the shuttle sometime in FY '96 or '97.
Modeling Development in Grape Berry Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract We modeled development in grape berry moth, Endopiza viteana (Clemens), which exploits wild and cultivated Vitis. Laboratory experiments were used to derive the temperature-dependent developmental curve for eggs, larvae, and pupae. We used linear interpolation to estimate stage-specific base temperature thresholds and degree-day requirements under laboratory conditions. We also estimated parameters of the Logan and Lactin nonlinear developmental models. Lastly, we conducted field experiments to evaluate the conventional degree-day model, which has a base threshold of 10°C; an improved degree-day model that was based on our laboratory observations; and nonlinear developmental models in predicting seasonal grape berry moth development. We concluded that the Logan nonlinear model provided the best estimates of grape berry moth field development, and an improved degree-day model should use 8.41°C as a minimum base temperature threshold and 423.9 as the egg-to-adult degree-day requirement. Also, after comparing degree-day accumulation estimates using the maximum-minimum method and trapezoidal integration to hourly temperature measurements, we concluded that the two approaches provided similar estimates during June–September.
Sexual and Reproductive Health Service Needs Associated with Underage Initiation of Selling Sex among Adult Female Sex Workers in Guinea-Bissau

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To assess the prevalence and predictors of underage initiation of selling sex among female sex workers (FSW) in Guinea-Bissau. Methods: 505 adult FSW recruited using respondent-driven sampling were surveyed in 2017. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify demographic, behavioral, and psychosocial characteristics associated with initiation of selling sex while underage (<18 years). Results: A total of 26.3% (133/505) of FSW started selling sex before age 18. Underage initiation of selling sex was associated with experiencing forced sex before age 18 (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 6.74; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.05–22.13), and never being tested for HIV (aOR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.20–0.91). Despite having lower odds of wanting to have children or more children (aOR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.17–0.56), FSW who started selling sex while underage had lower odds of using highly effective contraception such as implants (aOR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.24–0.77). Among those who were ever pregnant, a lower percentage of FSW who started selling sex while underage accessed antenatal care (56.6% vs. 74.7%, p = 0.008). Conclusions: These data suggest that early initiation of selling sex among adult FSW in Guinea-Bissau is common. Social services for youth and integrated HIV and reproductive health services are critical to address the persisting sexual and reproductive health needs of FSW who started selling sex while underage.
An Acid–Base Proton Transfer Approach to Robust Superhydrophobic Self-Cleaning Surfaces for the Corrosion Protection of Magnesium

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this study, an acid–base proton transfer method was used to fabricate functional coatings on Mg surfaces with the cooperative effect of durable superhydrophobic and exceptional self-cleaning properties, providing high-efficiency corrosion protection. In this context, aluminum chloride served as a precursor for the direct growth of aluminum hydroxide on the Mg surface. Without the addition of any solvent, the densely arranged absolute palmitic acid was strongly bonded to the grown aluminum hydroxide on the Mg substrate, which acted as an effective anti-water barrier that can impede the penetration of water, as well as the oxygen and chloridion involved.
Education and Life’s Simple 7: An evaluation of differential returns by sex, race, and childhood socioeconomic status

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Author(s): Sta. Cruz, Shaina Marie | Advisor(s): Yen, Irene H | Abstract: Few studies have examined whether the benefits of education for health differ across sociodemographic subgroups. We investigated whether educational attainment is associated with cardiovascular health, as measured by the Life’s Simple 7 (LS7) score, and whether the association differs by demographic characteristics. Data were obtained from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study (N=8,759 participants; mean age=63.8). We used linear regression analyses with interactions by sex, race, childhood socioeconomic status (SES), and geography. Socially vulnerable groups (i.e., men from low childhood SES backgrounds, White people from low childhood SES backgrounds, Black people from low childhood SES backgrounds) benefitted less from each additional year of education than socially advantaged groups in predicting LS7 scores. However, we did not find evidence that differential returns extended to every group. Findings suggest that the inequalities present in the education system may further exacerbate the gap between advantaged and disadvantaged.
A Two-Sector Overlapping-Generations Model: A Global Characterization of the Dynamical System

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper develops a two-sector overlapping-generations model. It characterizes the dynamical system globally and establishes sufficient conditions for the existence of a globally unique perfect-foresight equilibrium. It provides, therefore, a useful framework for global dynamic analysis of phenomena whose modeling requires a multidimensional commodity space. The analysis demonstrates that gross substitutability in consumption is not sufficient for the determinacy of equilibrium in this production economy. However, if in addition the investment good is capital intensive and second period consumption of two-period-lived individuals is a normal good, then the perfect-foresight equilibrium is globally unique. Copyright 1992 by The Econometric Society.
Multicenter Comparative Analysis of Late Open Conversion in Patients With Adherence and Nonadherence to Instructions for Use Endovascular Aneurysm Repair

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: The widespread adoption of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) as preferred treatment modality for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) has enlarged the number of patients needing open surgical conversion (OSC). The relationship between adherence to Instructions For Use (IFU) and EVAR long-term outcomes remains controversial. The aim of this study is to compare preoperative differences and postoperative outcomes between EVAR patients not adjusted to IFU and adjusted to IFU who underwent OSC. Methods: This multicenter retrospective study reviewed 33 explanted EVARs between January 2003 and December 2019 at 14 Vascular Units. Patients were included if OSC occurred >30 days after implantation and excluded if explantation was performed to treat an endograft infection, aortic dissection, or traumatic transections. Variables analyzed included baseline characteristics, adherence to IFU, implant and explant procedural details, secondary reinterventions, and postoperative outcomes. Results: Fifteen explanted patients (15/33, 45.5%) were identified not accomplished to IFU (out-IFU) at initial EVAR vs 18 explanted patients adjusted (in-IFU). During follow-up, a mean of 1.73±1.2 secondary reinterventions were performed, with more type I endoleaks treated in the subgroup out-IFU: 16.7% vs 6.3% in-IFU patients and more type III endoleaks (8.3% vs 0%). Patients out-IFU had shorter mean interval from implant to explant: 47.60±28.8 months vs 71.17±48. Type II endoleak was the most frequent indication for explantation. Low-flow endoleaks (types II, IV, V) account for 44% of indications for OSC in subgroup of patients in-IFU, compared with 13.3% in patients out-IFU and high-flow endoleaks (types I and III) were the main indication for patients out-IFU (33.3% vs 16.7% in-IFU). Total endograft explantation was performed in 57.5% of cases (19/33) and more suprarenal clamping was required in the subgroup out-IFU. Overall, 30-day mortality rate was 12.1% (4/33): 20% for patients out-IFU and 5.6% in-IFU. Conclusions: In our experience, type II endoleak is the most common indication for conversion and differences have been found between patients treated outside IFU with explantation taking place earlier during follow-up, mainly due to high-flow endoleaks and with higher mortality in comparison with patients adjusted to IFU. Ongoing research is required to delve into these differences.
A New Algorithm For Solving Isothermal Carbonization Of Wood Particle

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A new algorithm based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is proposed as a potential solver for one-dimensional heat and mass transfer for isothermal carbonization of thick wood particles. To check the validity of this algorithm, computational results have been compared with the published data and a good agreement is obtained. Then, the model is used to study the effect of reactor temperature and particle size on the evolution of the local temperature and mass loss inside the wood particle.
Is the Public Sector Declining as an Occupational Niche for African American Women? An Analysis of Wages in Privileged Employment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

We maintain that a subtle and hitherto unrecognized form of racial inequality at the privileged occupational level is emerging. “New governance” reform, a rapidly encroaching form of privatization which has altered conditions of work and the status of workers is causing African American women to lose the public sector as the long-standing “occupational niche” in managerial and professional employment. Findings from Integrated Public Use Micro-Series data indicate that—in the context of wages—the new “business logic” characterized most importantly by enhanced managerial discretion, has progressively disadvantaged African American women, relative, White gender counterparts. Specifically, relative parity in wages achieved in the public sector, compared to the private sector in 1996 period progressively eroded across two time points, 2003 and 2010 because of widening racial gaps in the public sector. Further, niche status varies across occupational categories: wage gaps widen more in managerial than in professional positions. We discuss prospects for the public sector to remain an occupational niche for African American women in privileged employment and call for more research on racial stratification in the public sector.
Wet Abrasive Jet Machining to Prepare and Design the Cutting Edge Micro Shape

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Cutting edge preparation is utilized to increase the stability of cutting tools and to improve the adhesion strength of a subsequent coating. In this context wet abrasive jet machining with a robot guided system allows to prepare local tool areas and to realize a specific design of the cutting edge, as well as advantageous surface qualities. This paper is concerned with the requirements and challenges in preparing and designing the cutting edge micro shape using wet abrasive jet machining. Important factors of the process as well as resultant shapes and topography effects of the machined cutting edges are discussed.
Indian Historical Studies. By H. G. Rawlinson, M.A., Professor of English Literature, The Deccan College, Poona. (London, New York, Bombay, and Calcutta: Longmans, Green, and Company. 1913. Pp. xiii, 229.)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Indian Historical Studies. By H. G. Rawlinson, M.A., Professor of English Literature, The Deccan College, Poona. (London, New York, Bombay, and Calcutta: Longmans, Green, and Company. 1913. Pp. xiii, 229.) Get access Indian Historical Studies. By Rawlinson H. G., M.A., Professor of English Literature, The Deccan College, Poona. (London, New York, Bombay, and Calcutta: Longmans, Green, and Company. 1913. Pp. xiii, 229.) Franklin Edgerton Franklin Edgerton Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 19, Issue 3, April 1914, Pages 579–580, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/19.3.579 Published: 01 April 1914
Ultra-Thin Rechargeable Lithium Ion Batteries on Flexible Polymer: Design, Low Temperature Fabrication and Characterization

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this work we developed flexible rechargeable thin film lithium ion batteries based on all-solid-state materials. The flexible batteries were fabricated using low temperature sequential physical vapor deposition techniques. A thin film battery (TFB) architecture consisting of Ti/V2O5/LiPON/Li/encapsulation multilayer was deposited on flexible polyimide substrate. To the best of our knowledge, the obtained TFBs are among the thinnest reported with an overall thickness of 50 μm including substrate, active layers and encapsulation stack. The fabricated TFBs delivered discharge capacity as high as 0.15 mAh (1.5 cm² of cathode area) upon galvanostatic cycling at 30 μA.cm−2 within 3.8–1.5 V voltage range. The capacity decreased during cycling with an average fading rate of 0.25% over 100 cycles. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (PEIS) measurements and modeling analysis revealed an increase of the internal resistance during cycling. Furthermore, it was shown that the internal resistance increase was induced by a progressive decrease of the electrolyte/electrodes contact area. TFBs having the same architecture and cell design were fabricated on two substrates: a flexible polyimide foil and a rigid silicon wafer. Electrochemical characterization showed a clear influence of substrate type on TFBs discharge capacity and internal resistance variations during cycling, the results are discussed within this paper
Intraoperative frozen section analysis can be omitted in early breast cancer without significantly elevating reoperation rates

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background Sentinel lymph node biopsy remains a standard approach to treating patients with breast cancer who have no signs of obvious axillary metastases. However, fewer axillary dissections are performed today on patients with sentinel lymph node metastasis. Consequently, this has reduced the role of intraoperative frozen section analysis in decision making for axillary dissection. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the reliability of sentinel lymph node biopsy and permanent section analysis and their effects on reoperation rates in patients with early-stage breast cancer. Methods Our study investigated 436 consecutive patients who had undergone operations for clinical T1-3 breast cancer with no lymph node involvement (T1-3, NO) and with sentinel lymph node analyses performed using a permanent section method. The subsequent treatment management of patients with postoperative pathology reports was examined. Results Breast-conserving surgery was performed on 418 patients, and mastectomy was performed on 18 patients. No metastases were detected in sentinel lymph nodes in 303 (69.4%) patients, and a single lymph node metastasis was detected in 98 (22.4%) patients. Metastases were detected in two lymph nodes in 30 patients and in three or more lymph nodes in 5 patients. After evaluation, a multidisciplinary tumor board made the decision to perform axillary dissection in only 2 of these 5 patients. Conclusion Considering the low reoperation rates, permanent section analyses appear to be sufficiently safe for patients with breast cancer. Given the associated factors, such as costs, operational time, and workload, we believe that permanent section analysis should be introduced into routine implementation. Trial registration Retrospectively registered
Environmental Differences of Spiders of the Genus Zilla

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

I HAVE discussed, in British Spiders (1926) on p. 123 and more fully in The Biology of Spiders (1928) on pp. 185-91, the curious problem offered by the common spiders of the genus Zilla. These two spiders, Zilla x-notata Clerck and Zilla atrica C. L. Koch, are orb-spinners or Epeiridae making a characteristic web in which there is a free radius between two segments devoid of spiral thread. Morphologically these two spiders are very closely allied indeed, but they differ almost invariably in the situations in which they spin their webs. One species, Z. atrica, spins on shrubs and bushes, the other, Z. x-notata, spins on walls, sheds and houses. The problem was to explain this separation of two species otherwise so similar and this explanation I believe I can now give. Various considerations (vide J. Queckett Micros. Club, 15, 269-73, 1927) had made it apparent to me that there must be a much closer relationship between the spider and the factors of its physical environment, such as temperature, humidity, wind-velocity and so on, than is generally realised, and that such conditions must largely determine the exact spot in which any individual spider spins its web. My attention was therefore attracted when, on January 10th, 1929, I noticed two webs occupied by Z. x-notata directly above the water-tank in a room where the normal situation for such webs is in the corners of the window frames. These two spiders were captured and put, successively, into a cardboard box measuring 18 x 2 x 2. At one end of the box was placed a small basin of water, at the other a small dish of granular calcium chloride. There was therefore soon established a continuously falling relative humidity in the atmosphere of the box, varying from the maximum vapour pressure at the wet end to a very small value at the dry end. The box, when closed, was dark so that light tropisms had no influence, and the spider was free to choose its own resting-place. At intervals of two or, three hours the box was opened and the position of the spider noted. All silk threads were then swept away, the calcium chloride renewed if necessary and the experiment repeated. This was continued for several days with the two spiders, the only two available at that time, in the middle of a cold winter. Occasionally, instead of removing all silk threads and disturbing the spider, the lid, on which it always rested, was reversed before replacing it, so that the spider was now over the other end. In all the observations made on these spiders the results were consistent. If the box was in an unwarmed room, whose temperature in those days was