jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Acute Response to Captopril as a Predictive Test for Surgery in Renovascular Hypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To test the hypothesis that acute angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition might predict the postoperative blood pressure outcome, a single oral dose of captopril ranging from 12.5 to 100 mg, was given to 26 patients with renovascular disease and its hypotensive effect was compared with that of surgery (21 patients) or of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) (5 patients). Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure fell significantly (p less than 0.001) from 179.9 +/- 5.4/114.1 +/- 2.1 to 148.4 +/- 3.8/94.1 +/- 1.9 after captopril and to 141.1 +/- 3.7/88.9 +/- 2.0 at least 3 months after operation. Postoperative pressure values were directly related to those after captopril (SBP: r = 0.65, p less than 0.001; DBP: r = 0.45, p less than 0.05) as were their absolute decrements (SBP: r = 0.70, p less than 0.001; DBP: r = 0.64, p less than 0.001). However, after captopril, individual pressure tended to be higher (and their decrements to be lower) than after operation. 12 out of 19 patients cured by surgery were considered cured by captopril, while 5 out of the remaining 7 were improved and 2 not cured. The 6 patients improved by surgery or PTA were also improved by captopril and the only patient not cured by surgery was not cured by captopril. Therefore, if we consider both cure and improvement as a positive result, the captopril test gave 23 true-positive, 1 true-negative and 2 false-negative responses. Taken together, these data suggest that acute ACE inhibition may be an useful tool in predicting postoperative blood pressure of patients with renovascular disease.
Oryza sativa Linnaeus IRGC 131103

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Oryza sativa Linnaeus
Common name(s): Rice
Other names: Khau nua xuan
Conserved by: International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Philippines
Local sample unique identifier: IRGC 131103
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2012-05-09
Other identifiers: n/a,4083278
Historical: No
MLS status: SMTA transfer
FREEZE-THAW BEHAVIOR OF GYPSEOUS SOIL

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This research work studied the influence of freeze-thaw (F-T) cycles and gypsum percent on the mechanical properties and durability of clayey soil. Different amount of gypsum percent (varied between 0-25%) was added to the clayey soil and subjected to 12 F-T cycles. The unconfined compressive strength UCS, P-wave velocity, gas permeability, pore size distribution and volume changes properties were measured for both un-cycled and F-T cycled samples. The tests results presented that the UCS, gas permeability and porosity values of samples influenced by F-T cycles. These values depend considerably on the amounts of gypsum percent and F-T cycles. Further, changes in soil porosity were observed during F-T cycles due to ice lenses formation and cracks propagation. Finally, the UCS, gas permeability and volume change values have been proposed to be used to evaluate extent of durability of soil samples.
In vitro profiling of potential fish probiotics, Enterococcus hirae spp., isolated from jade perch Scortum barcoo and safety properties assessed using whole genome sequencing

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Exploiting the use of probiotics in aquaculture is one key strategy to promote fish growth while mitigating fish-associated diseases. Among the different types of probiotics, host-derived probiotics exhibit promising efficacy compared to commercial or terrestrial-derived ones as they are adapted to the host environment. This study aimed to identify and characterize potential probiotics from jade perch (Scortum barcoo), one of the newly farmed fish species in Singapore, to enhance its disease resistance. Gut isolates from jade perch were screened for their ability to inhibit the growth of pathogenic Aeromonas sobria, Streptococcus iniae, and Streptococcus agalactiae. Several isolates that demonstrated antagonistic effects against A. sobria and S. iniae were later identified to be Enterococcus hirae. The pathogen inhibition efficacy of this isolate was also examined in both jade perch and tilapia gut suspensions, mimicking more complex host microbial environments. Significant clear zones were found when co-incubated with jade perch gut suspensions, whereas only minimal inhibition zones were produced in tilapia gut suspensions, suggesting the advantage of using host-derived probiotics. The safety of the final probiotic candidate was evaluated using whole-genome sequencing. This strain did not harbor any known toxins and mobile genetic elements. Conjugation experiments confirmed that its inherent antibiotic resistance gene aac (6')-Iid was not transferable. Two classes of bacteriocins were found in the probiotic genome, which partially explained its antimicrobial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. The use of E. hirae as a probiotic for Jade Perch and other freshwater fish is promising as it is acclimatized to aquatic environments, safe and effective.
The Anticancer Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids was Closely Associated with the Increase in Genomic DNA Hydroxymethylation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs) have significant multiple antitumor roles. However, whether epigenetic DNA hydroxymethylation enrolls in the anticancer process of omega- 3 PUFAs is still not clear yet. Objective: To expound the interaction between the anti-tumor role of omega-3 PUFAs and the DNA demethylation pathway and thus provide a firm foundation for deepening our understanding on anticancer mechanism of omega-3 PUFAs. Methods: Colorectal Cancer (CRC) model rats were induced to generate tumor by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and their counterparts treated with omega-3 PUFAs during the induction. The blood samples from different treatment groups of rats [Normal Control group (NC), colorectal cancer model group (CRC) and omega-3 PUFAs Medication Group (MG)] were used as experimental materials. Genomic 5-hydroxymethylocytosine (5hmC) content was quantified using LC-MS/MS, and the expression of ten-eleven translocation dioxygenase 1 (TET1), catalyzing the generation of 5hmC, was also evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR. Results: We observed lower tumor incidence and small tumor size in MG group when compared with CRC group, supporting the effective anticancer role of omega-3 PUFAs. Due to the formation of CRC, 5hmC level was dramatically dropped in CRC group when compared with the NC group. Notably, 5hmC percentage in MG group remarkably increased close to NC group and was significantly higher than that in the CRC group. Consistent alteration pattern of TET1 expressions in mRNA was also observed in the tested groups of rats. Conclusion: The anticancer effect of omega-3 PUFAs was positively correlated with global 5hmC accumulation and TET1 expression, suggesting DNA hydroxymethylation pathway was factually involved in the anticancer process of omega-3 PUFAs.
Toward a New Career

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The award of the Légion d’honneur at the end of 1889 put an official seal of approval on Taffanel’s career as a flute player, but also heralded its end. Taffanel himself must have felt he had arrived at a watershed. He was at the peak of his abilities as a flutist; he had established a whole new profile for the instrument; he had led a great revival in chamber music for wind instruments; and he was only forty-five. As already noted (see chapter 6), Taffanel’s role in organizing and directing the Société des instruments à vent had also pointed him in another direction: Therefore, when, on 25 January [1890], at the Opéra, he mounted the podium as third conductor to direct Faust, it was, it is true, the first time that he had found himself in charge of an orchestra; but he had been gradually familiarizing himself with the skills required and, helped by his innate ability, he was ready to be an excellent conductor.
Enhancement of Hexose Entry into Chick Fibroblasts by Starvation: Differential Effect on Galactose and Glucose

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Glucose entry, as measured by 5-min uptake into the acid-soluble fraction, is enhanced 15-30 times by long-term (12-24 hr) hexose starvation of chick fibroblasts. The rate of galactose accumulation in the cells increases only 5 times under the same conditions of starvation. Several carbon and energy sources that were tested for their effect on this “derepression” can be classified as: ( i ) those resembling glucose in blocking the “stimulation,” ( ii ) those permitting full “derepression”; and ( iii ) those partially preventing the enhanced entry. Inhibitors of protein synthesis block enhancement under conditions otherwise conducive to it. We conclude that the glucose and galactose carrier systems are not identical, based largely on the asymmetric “repression” observed when glucose and galactose are compared as “repressors.”
Optimal Interventions in Host-Nation Health Systems During Counterinsurgency Operations

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The people of Afghanistan continue to face challenges in primary health care despite the expenditure of over $92 billion on humanitarian assistance. Therefore, using the Afghanistan experience as a model, what interventions by the United States Army are optimal in the development of host-nation health systems during counterinsurgency (COIN) operations? To answer this, statistical analysis evaluated 14 countries with an insurgency against 42 non-insurgency countries that spanned diverse economic, geographic, and cultural backgrounds. Analysis showed that high-income nations were better than insurgent countries in every category that achieved statistical significance. As such, COIN goals should not include healthcare expectations similar to those in high-income nations. In addition, it appears that insurgency imposes an opportunity cost on the overall health of a society, which serves to exacerbate conditions more than a simple economic classification would suggest. Finally, stability operations within COIN should consider childhood malnutrition rates and the access to improved water sources as good examples of potential measures of effectiveness (MOEs) that may positively influence broad segments of the host-nation populace. These findings grant insight in defining the role that the Army should provide in facilitating primary health care within the context of a broader COIN strategy in coordination with unified action partners.
Slow-light effect in dual-periodic photonic lattice

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present analytical and numerical study of photonic lattice with short- and long-range harmonic modulations of the refractive index. Such structures can be prepared experimentally with holographic photolithography. In the spectral region of photonic bandgap of the underlying single-periodic crystal, we observe a series of bands with anomalously small dispersion. The related slow-light effect is attributed to the long-range modulation in the photonic lattice, that leads to formation of an array of evanescently-coupled high-$Q$ cavities. The band structure of the lattice is studied with several techniques: (i) transfer matrix approach; (ii) analysis of resonant coupling in process of band folding; (iii) effective medium approach based on coupled-mode theory; and (iv) Bogolyubov-Mitropolsky approach. The latter method, commonly used in the studies of nonlinear oscillators, was employed to investigate the behavior of the eigen-function envelopes and the band structure of our dual-periodic photonic lattice. We show that reliable results can be obtained even in the case of large refractive index modulation.
Levels of Attribution and Change in a High-Security Correctional Population

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract The goal of this research is to test the psychometric properties of the Levels of Attribution and Change (LAC) scale using a segment of a High-Security Federal correctional population. The LAC measures ten causal attributions of a given problem. The theoretical and empirical interrelatedness of these attributions are explored through a range of statistical techniques. The results suggest that the LAC is a reliable instrument that demonstrates concurrent validity. Offender attributions or explanations about the causes of their imprisonment are represented by two dimensions. One is predominantly external, and the other is predominantly internal. A more complex LAC attribution set is associated with measures of treatment motivation and criminal thinking style. The utility of the LAC as an indicator of treatment responsivity is discussed.
Performance of Urine Reagent Test Strips in Detecting Schistosoma haematobium Infection in Individual and Pooled Urine Samples

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study evaluated the performance of urine reagent strips (URSs) in detecting Schistosoma haematobium infection in individual and pooled urine samples. Between June 2022 and April 2023, 2634 urine samples (10 mL each) from school-age children (5–15 years) in 15 villages across Ethiopia’s Afar, Benishangul-Gumuz, and Gambella regions were tested using urine filtration microscopy (UFM) and URSs for blood, a marker of S. haematobium eggs. Pooled samples from 5, 10, 20, and 40 individuals (one positive, others negative) were examined with both methods. UFM results were used to calculate URSs’ sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values for detecting infection. A total of 2634 children were screened for S. haematobium infection. UFM detected S. haematobium eggs in 370 samples, while URSs identified infection in 414 children. URSs showed 64% sensitivity and 92% specificity for individual samples. The positive and negative predictive values for individual samples were 57% and 94%, respectively. Sensitivity for pooled samples ranged from 47% (pools of 40) to 53% (pools of 20). In pools with one positive sample, URSs misclassified 220 (50%), 109 (49.5%), 52 (47.0%), and 28 (50.9%) pools as negative for S. haematobium eggs for pool sizes 5, 10, 20, and 40, respectively. Sensitivity for individual samples was higher in children with heavy infection (92.5%) compared to light infection (55.9%), and sensitivity in pooled samples increased with infection intensity (p < 0.001). In conclusion, URSs may misclassify S. haematobium infection in children when samples are examined individually or in pools, potentially leading to unnecessary treatment or missed cases. However, URSs shows promise as a screening tool for detecting S. haematobium infection in areas with high infection intensity.
Defiant scholarship: Dismantling coloniality in contemporary African geographies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Colonial epistemes persist in studies of African geographies. We argue that colonial continuities are revealed in (a) the status of human geography within African higher education; (b) the marginalization of Africa (particularly beyond Southern Africa) within the discipline of human geography; and (c) erasures of the functions of racialization in African societies. These are compounded by the relative marginalization of African knowledge within decolonial thought, including decolonial geographies and the disunities between the subfields of black geographies and African geographies. To challenge some of these dynamics, we introduce the concept of defiant scholarship in Africa, a form of scholarship that seeks to work against and outside of dominant grammars and prevailing registers and which draws from a powerful and extensive intellectual tradition across the African continent. Working from Walter Rodney's ‘guerrilla intellectuals’ and drawing on Walter Mignolo's ‘epistemic disobedience’, defiant scholarship cultivates those ways of thinking and those practices that are external to, in opposition to, and/or unconventional to the coloniality of knowledge. We ask what it means for our scholarship to be disobedient to colonial and capitalist epistemes, and, in so doing, we sketch the contours of an African geographies subdiscipline that is anti‐racist, decolonial, and in active conversation with black geographies. The result of our engagement is a call for a reinvigoration of African geographies as we currently know and practice them.
Chios Mastic Gum Consumption Has a Protective Effect on Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss in Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to examine the potential effect of Chios Mastic Gum (CMG) consumption on bone mineral density (BMD) and strength of ovariectomized rats. CMG is a known resin used from ancient times for its beneficial biological properties. Thirty mature female Wistar rats were randomized into three equal groups: sham-operated (control), ovariectomized (OVX), and ovariectomized and administered CMG per os (OVX+CMG). BMD of the total tibia, proximal tibia, and the 6th lumbar vertebra were measured at baseline and at 3 and 6 months post ovariectomy. Bone strength was assessed with three-point-bending (3pb) of the right femur. At 3 and 6 months, BMD values of the OVX+CMG group were significantly higher for the anatomical cites evaluated than those of the OVX group. Femoral thickness assessed via 3pb had intermediate values in the treated group compared to the other groups. Cytology of vaginal smears and uterine weight of the OVX+CMG group were consistent with estrogen depletion. Gastrocnemius muscle and intraperitoneal fat ratios to body weight (BW) of the OVX+CMG group did not significantly differ from the control group. Daily consumption CMG had a protective effect on BMD of the total and proximal tibia and the 6th lumbar vertebra of the rats, without causing undesirable effects on the vaginal epithelium and uterus. The 3pb results also demonstrated a favorable effect on the thickness of rat femurs. In addition, CMG was beneficial for both the muscular system and the intraperitoneal fat/BW ratio of the rats.
Determinants And Welfare Implications Of Unlawful File Sharing: A Scoping Review

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

We employ an innovative scoping review methodology to consider and assess the existing evidence on the consequences and determinants of unlawful file sharing (UFS) transparently and systematically. We complement this with a simple conceptual framework to model the decision to engage in UFS and to map out the existing evidence. Whether UFS is good or bad for welfare remains unclear. Regarding determinants of UFS, studies that employ observed behavior as a measured outcome remain few, and fewer still for potential moral, experiential and social determinants. More experimental and longitudinal studies assessing causality are needed.
Money income and poverty status of families and persons in the United States: 1984 (advance data from the March 1985 Current Population Survey).

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Estimates in this report are based on a sample that includes households from both the 1970 census-based sample design and the new 1980 census-based design. Estimates in this report for 1983 and 1984 reflect the introduction of new survey weighting procedures for the Spanish-origin population. Some highlights of the data follow. 1) For the 2nd year in a row, median family income increased faster than inflation according to results of the March 1985 Current Population Survey conducted by the US Bureau of the Census. 2) In 1984, median family income was $26,430, 7.7% higher than the 1983 median of $24,550. After adjusting for the 4.3% increase in consumer prices between 1983 and 1984, real median family income still shows a significant gain of 3.3%. Not since 1972 has family income increased at a faster rate. 3) There was a significant decline in the poverty population, reversing a trend of increases in poverty experienced in recent years. Between 1983 and 1984, the poverty population fell from 35.5 million to 33.7 million. The poverty rate in 1984 was 14.4%, significantly lower than the 1983 rate of 15.3%. The poverty threshold for a family of 4 in 1984 was $10,609.
Molecular structures of tetrafluorodiphosphine and tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)diphosphine by gas-phase electron diffraction

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular structures of tetrafluorodiphosphine and tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)diphosphine by gas-phase electron diffractionH. L. Hodges, L. S. Su, and L. S. BartellCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1975, 14, 3, 599–603Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1975https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50145a033RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views64Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (724 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Patella resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty using metal‐backed rotating bearing components: a 2‐ to 10‐year follow‐up evaluation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Management of the patella in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has become an important issue. Patella‐related complications remain a major concern and have frequently been the reason for secondary intervention, whether resurfaced or not. Common modes of failures are increased polyethylene (PE) wear, PE fractures, component dissociation (loosening or PE spinout), and patella fractures. This study evaluated 235 cases of low contact stress (LCS) TKA using a metal‐backed rotating PE bearing. The setting was a large joint replacement center which has performed more than 2750 cases of LCS TKA since 1988. Cases with a follow‐up shorter than 2 years were not calculated for statistical analysis but were included in postoperative complications. The mean follow‐up was 4.2 years (range 2–10 years). Of the 105 cases 94.7% scored excellent or good results on a modified 100‐point Hospital for Special Surgery score. Patellofemoral tracking was analyzed on axial radiographs in all cases and revealed perfect tracking in 96%. Revision surgery related to patella complications was required in 7 of 235 cases (3%), including two of PE bearing spinout and one each of infection, patella necrosis, PE breakage, patella maltracking, and traumatic patella component loosening. Four patella complications (1.7%) were related to patellofemoral maltracking, excluding the infected, traumatic, and patella necrosis cases. These results are similar to or better than those reported in the literature and complications appear to occur more frequently in cases with nonideal patellofemoral maltracking.