jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Effect of ECB's Quantitative Easing on Credit Default Swap Instruments in Central and Eastern Europe

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper focuses on the quantitative easing policies launched by the European Central Bank (ECB), analysing their effects on the dynamics of a series of five-year sovereign credit default swap instruments that belong to seven Central and Eastern European States. In an econometric event study setup that follows the methodology developed in Albu et al. (2014), we calibrate an ARMA-GARCH model and analyse the abnormal and squared abnormal returns for each CDS instrument. The results indicate that the quantitative easing events issued by the European Central Bank have a significant effect on the evolution of the analysed sovereign credit default swap instruments.
A systematic review on wound healing and its promising medicinal plants

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Wound healing is one of the most complex and dynamic processes in the body of the human. Wound healing is an essential biological development to sustain the integrity of skin after trauma, either by accident or by a deliberate process. In the phases of hemostasis, inflammation, development, re-epithelialization, and remodeling, this includes the spatial and temporal coordination of many cell types with different functions. In understanding the mechanisms of normal wound closure, it is important to unravel the functions of these cell types and their interactions with each other. Micro-environmental changes, including changes in mechanical forces, levels of oxygen, chemokines, extracellular matrix, and synthesis of growth factor, directly influence cellular recruitment and activation, leading to disrupted wound healing conditions. Wounds are cured with different medicinal plants or from their extracts. Plants supply humans with different medicines, and medicinal plants are the blessing of nature used to heal wounds with even lower side effects. This systematic review aims to explain the physiology of the wound healing process, different cellular, and molecular aspects, and to provide insight into the various plants that have possible wound healing properties that could be valuable in healing practice. Keywords: Wound healing, Skin injury, Hemostasis, Inflammation, Reepithelialization, Remodelling, medicinal plants.
Smart Transportation Economic Stimulation: Infrastructure Investments That Support Economic Development

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Investments and policies that create more multi-modal transportation systems can provide significant economic benefits, particularly over the long run. This report discusses factors to consider when evaluating transportation economic stimulation strategies. Transportation investments can have large long-term economic, social and environmental impacts. Expanding urban highways tends to stimulate motor vehicle travel and sprawl, exacerbating future transport problems and threatening future economic productivity. Improving alternative modes (walking and cycling conditions, and public transit service) tends to reduce total motor vehicle traffic and associated costs, providing additional long-term economic savings and benefits. Increasing transport system efficiency tends to create far more jobs than those created directly by infrastructure investments. Domestic automobile industry subsidies are ineffective at stimulating employment or economic development. Public policies intended to support domestic automobile sales could be economically harmful in the long run if they increase future energy consumption and transportation system inefficiency.
Building an entrepreneurial environment in rural regions: a possible way to develop human and social capital

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The main hypothesis behind the paper is that creating an entrepreneurial team learning environment is a way to increase human and social capital in rural regions. Our work, based on literature review and primary research, tries to show that this process could support a shift in people’s attitudes from being reactive to creative and also interdependent. The results of a Delphi survey show that all four ‘spheres’ of the Quadruple Helix model in rural development (government, science/university, business/industry and civil society) should play a role in the development of a learning environment, but that more importance should be attached to ‘pull’ type of learning designed to draw out people and resources as needed to address opportunities and challenges. In a second survey, among farmers in the Hungarian settlements of Mezőcsát, we found significant differences in the use of information channels by different age groups. Personal meetings are preferred by older farmers and the Internet by young farmers. With regard to the Quadruple Helix model spheres, from the government sphere farmers’ advisors play the most important role while from the business/industry sphere the most important relationship for farmers is with their peers. We conclude that the four spheres must create an ‘outside-in’ and ‘inside-out’ partnership. As creating entrepreneurial culture is a slow process, existing elements, such as the LEADER programme, building on those farmers who are ready to take part in rural development and the preferred usage of the Internet by the younger generation, have to be used.
Autopsy Studies in Atherosclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The incidences of obesity, hypertension, nephrosclerosis, and rheumatic carditis in 500 adult patients were noted at autopsy, and were correlated with the distribution and severity of concomitant atherosclerosis. In men, obesity uncomplicated by hypertension was associated with a significant increase in the severity of coronary atherosclerosis and the occurrence of cardiac catastrophes. Uncomplicated obesity in women appeared to have no effect upon concomitant atherosclerosis. Hypertension in men was associated with significantly increased coronary and cerebral atherosclerosis, and with a greater occurrence of myocardial infarction. Hypertensive women had significantly more severe atherosclerosis than normotensive women in most of the arteries studied, and also had significantly more myocardial infarcts. The atherosclerosis of patients who had nephrosclerosis was similar in distribution and severity to that of patients who had hypertension. The presence of rheumatic carditis appeared not to influence the extent or severity of concomitant atherosclerosis.
Flipping the Academic Writing Classroom

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Over the past two decades, flipped learning has become a buzz word in education discussions. Flipped learning was first applied to science teaching, where lecture has traditionally been the primary means of delivering new content to students (Bergmann & Sams, 2012). While many teachers have heard the term, it is often not well understood, and its application to English language teaching has not yet been explored in depth. This chapter aims to show how the flipped learning paradigm can be applied to an EFL academic writing class. This will be supported with empirical research involving surveys of students in an EFL scientific writing class, to examine how students interact with the video content, and their perceptions of the flipped learning format. This research differs from most previous research in focusing on how students are interacting with the materials in a flipped classroom context, rather than only focusing on the learning outcomes.
The influence of atmospheric circulation patterns on cold air outbreaks in the eastern United States

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we build upon previous literature in directly addressing the temporal relationship between the stratospheric and tropospheric polar vortex (PV), sea level pressure (SLP), and resultant cold air outbreaks (CAO). An atmospheric and teleconnection analysis was conducted on 49 predefined CAOs across the eastern United States from 1948 to 2016. Clusters of SLP, 100 and 10‐mb geopotential height anomalies were mapped utilizing self‐organizing maps (SOMs) to understand the surface, tropospheric PV, and stratospheric PV patterns preceding CAOs. The Arctic Oscillation (AO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and Pacific–North American (PNA) teleconnections were used as variables to explain the magnitude and location of mid‐latitude Arctic air displacement. Persistently negative SLP anomalies across the Arctic and North Atlantic were evident 1–2 weeks prior to the CAOs throughout the winter. The tropospheric and stratospheric PV were found to be persistently weak/weakening prior to mid‐winter CAOs and predominantly strong and off‐centred prior to early and late season CAOs. Negative phases of the AO and NAO were favoured prior to CAOs, while the PNA was found to be less applicable. This method of CAO and synoptic pattern characterization benefits from a continuous pattern representation and provides insight as to how specific teleconnections and atmospheric patterns lead to CAOs in the eastern United States.
Working Memory in Junior High School Students With Reading Difficulties : Results From an N-Back Task

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Working memory characteristics of students with reading difficulties were investigated using 4 types of n-back tasks with different stimuli. The participants, 14 ninth-grade students with reading difficulties and pervasive developmental disorders and 40 students with typical development, were required to judge whether a stimulus was identical to the one that had been shown n before. The results indicated that the students with reading difficulties did not have difficulty at n=0. However, they had difficulty at n=1, if both of the stimuli were numbers or hiragana and kanji characters that required linguistic processing, and with random figures that did not need linguistic processing. The present results suggest that students with reading difficulties may have problems with memory representations that are operated internally. Moreover, it is possible that these students have more fundamental problems, such as attention deficits, which may influence multiple modalities.
DIRECT PHOTOLYSIS AT 185 nm OF 1-ALKENES IN SOLUTION. MOLECULAR ELIMINATION OF TERMINAL HYDROGENS

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Direct irradiations at 185 nm of 1-octene and 2-methyl-1-pentene in pentane gave alkylidene carbenes through the molecular elimination of terminal hydrogens, as well as double-bond migration products via 1,3-shift of allylic hydrogen and radical-derived products.
The “University and War” Project – Perspectives of Polish-Ukrainian Studies at the Jagiellonian University (University and War in Ukraine, edited by Alicja Z. Nowak and Kinga Anna Gajda. Berlin: Peter Lang GmbH, 2023)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article focuses on the “University and War” project, which has been implemented since spring 2022, and its important element, i.e. an international interdisciplinary academic conference. The work involved scholars from Poland, Ukraine (online and onsite) and Austria. The main objective of the meeting was to discuss the role of the university in crisis situations and make a preliminary assessment of the state of Ukrainian universities and the situation of Ukrainian academics and students in Ukraine and abroad. The next thematic block concerned the reaction of Polish universities to the Russian aggression: scholarship and aid programmes implemented, volunteering activities of the university community. One of the current issues after Russia’s armed attack is the attitude of the academic community in Poland and worldwide to these events, i.e. an adequate evaluation of the aggressor’s policy, including in social media, and above all the institutional and conceptual reconstruction of Ukrainian studies, which is necessary to finally break with the remnants of the “Russian world” concept. An important objective of the project was to involve students (mostly from Ukraine). The students prepared exhibitions featuring photographs of the destroyed Kharkiv, war-themed posters, and poems inspired by the events, and took part in an international (with students from the Kyiv Academy of Fine Arts) scientific student seminar, during which they presented papers, analysed a questionnaire about their own situation after the outbreak of war and their involvement in aid and volunteering. The project was also an expression of solidarity, a form of support that Polish academics wanted to give to students and academics from Ukraine.
Das politische Potential neutestamentlicher Raumentwürfe

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The following article is part of an essay trilogy dwelling on space and spatial concepts in New Testament scriptures. In the course of this, space thematic approaches are consequently utilized as an interface for political, socio-historical and theological- christological issues. The focal point of this article is an application of this space orientated approach concerning 1 Peter and Revelation.
Ethylene Dichloride Treatments for the Immature Stages of the Japanese Beetle

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Ethylene Dichloride Treatments for the Immature Stages of the Japanese Beetle Get access Arthur C. Mason, Arthur C. Mason U.S.D.A., Agr. Res. Adm., Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert D. Chisholm, Robert D. Chisholm U.S.D.A., Agr. Res. Adm., Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Emory D. Burgess Emory D. Burgess U.S.D.A., Agr. Res. Adm., Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 36, Issue 5, 1 October 1943, Pages 734–737, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/36.5.734 Published: 01 October 1943
Server based DoS vulnerabilities in SSL/TLS Protocols Master Thesis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

When availability is an important security requirement for the organizations then (D)DOS ((Distributed) Denial of Service) attack is one of the important attacks that needs to be addressed. The SSL protocols are widely used to secure e-commerce and other sensitive online transactions. The SSL protocol imposes a significant overhead on the web server. However, it does not create a significant overhead on the client-side. This creates an opportunity for an attacker to execute the computational DoS attacks on the SSL servers. In addition, the SSL protocols are complex in nature. In this thesis, we perform a number of experiments to analyse the DoS attack possibilities on the SSL protocol. To do so, we study the SSL protocols to come up with a number of SSL functionalities those are likely to be the weak-link and can be exploited to execute the DoS attacks. We also review the Openssl implementation to investigate the presence of DoS attack vulnerabilities in the implementation. Our experimental results show that the client authentication can create a significant computational overhead on the server side. The compression utility does not introduce any buffer overflow condition. The cryptographic operations involved in the SSL protocols are expensive and these operations are unbalanced. The server has to perform more expensive operations than the client especially when RSA key exchange method is used. We also perform the comparative experiments in which, we measure the impact of the three different DoS attack strategies on the SSL server performance. We found that the SSL renegotiation based DoS attack outperforms the other two DoS attack strategies. We describe the SSL renegotiation feature and working of the thc-ssl-dos tool [1] which is based on the SSL renegotiation feature. The results of these tests also indicate that the SSL protocol is processor intensive. Therefore, adding more CPUs can help in alleviating the impact of the DoS attack. Since, SSL renegotiation based DoS attack only works when the renegotiation is supported, it is easy to mitigate such attack just by disabling the renegotiation. Our results suggest that there is no simple fix to completely mitigate the DoS attacks. However, the likelihood of the DoS attacks can be reduced by employing enough CPU power, hardware accelerators, memory and network bandwidth. The SSL server needs be configured carefully according to the business requirements.
Mistake of Law and Culpability

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter examines how retributivists should decide whether and to what extent a person should be punished for committing a criminal offense when he is ignorant of the law he violates. It contends that no solution is possible without a fundamental rethinking of the content of substantive offenses. Progress might be made on this issue if we model a theory of culpability and mistake of law after the familiar theory of culpability and mistake of fact. This model helps us to appreciate that different mistakes may involve various levels of culpability about different material elements of offenses and thus need not all be treated in the same way.
Deep Diffusion Models for Multiple Removal

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Seismic data processing involves techniques to deal with undesired effects that occur during acquisition and pre-processing. These effects mainly comprise coherent artefacts such as multiples, non-coherent signals such as electrical noise, and loss of signal information at the receivers that leads to incomplete traces. In this work, we employ a generative solution, since it can explicitly model complex data distributions and hence, yield to a better decision-making process. In particular, we introduce diffusion models for multiple removal. To that end, we run experiments on synthetic and on real data, and we compare the deep diffusion performance with standard algorithms. We believe that our pioneer study not only demonstrates the capability of diffusion models, but also opens the door to future research to integrate generative models in seismic workflows.
The Influence of Summertime Heat Waves on Emotional Health

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Background: With increases in global urbanization and global warming, there are corresponding increases in urban heat island effects. Heat wave disasters are occurring more frequently, posing direct and indirect mental health hazards to urban residents. The impact of high ambient temperatures on emotional health is a scientific problem that needs clarification. Methods: Data collected through 386 valid emotions questionnaire and temperature data measured on heat wave days were analyzed using GIS, SPSS and MATLAB software to study the influence of heat waves on the negative emotions of middle-aged and older adults (over 40-years-old). Results: The results indicate that the degree of influence of high temperatures on various negative emotions differs significantly, as some emotional responses tend to fluctuate while others steadily worsen. The progression of emotional responses is distressed > irritable > nervous > hostile. With increasing temperatures, phase-based changes in emotional states occur, with different emotional states corresponding to different temperature thresholds; the temperature thresholds for distress, nervousness, and hostility were shown to be 38°C/43°C, 40°C/44°C, 43°C, respectively. Conclusions: Ambient temperatures exceeding 35°C have a significant negative impact on the emotional health of middle-aged and older adults. Irritability and nervousness monotonically increase, while distress and hostility tend to fluctuate. This study contributes to the prevention and management of the harmful effects of heat waves on emotions, providing basic information applicable to the design of layouts for urban green spaces to reduce the effects of urban heat islands.
Harvesting Strategies in the Migratory Prey-Predator Model with a Crowley-Martin Type Response Function and Constant Efforts

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper deals with the dynamics of prey and predator populationsin the permitted and prohibited areas of harvesting with a Crowley-Martin responsefunction. The predator can migrate easily into both areas. The prey and predatorpopulations in the permitted area are harvested with constant efforts. The existenceand stability of the interior equilibrium point are studied. The stable interior equilib?rium point is connected with maximum profit. The stability of the interior equilibriumpoint is analysed locally using the linearization method and eigenvalues. Due to thecomplexity, the simulation is carried out using the relevant parameter values to de?termine the existence of a stable interior equilibrium point and profit function. Fromsimulation, there exists an ordered pair of harvesting efforts that gives a stable in?terior equilibrium point and also maximizes the profit function. Harvesting in preyand predator populations in the permitted area can prevent the populations fromextinction and also provide maximum sustainable profit. The trajectories of prey andpredator populations are plotted to visualize the dynamical behaviour for a givenspan of time. The surface of profit function is also plotted to view the maximumprofit
Rare Earth Metal Ion-Associates in Ln3+—CO32−—H2O System

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This study focused on the nature of rare earth metal complex compounds that can form during the carbonate–alkaline processing of industrial waste materials, such as phosphogypsum and red mud, at 70–100 °C and 1–10 atm. Experimental findings revealed that the dissolution of synthetic carbonates of rare earth elements (REEs) in a concentrated carbonate-ion medium (3 mol/L) leads to the formation of ion-associates of varying strengths. Light (lanthanum, praseodymium, and neodymium) and medium (samarium) REE groups exhibited a tendency to form loose ion-associates, whereas heavy REEs (terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, lutetium, and yttrium) formed close ion-associates. To confirm the existence of these ion-associates, the specific conductivity of solutions was measured after dissolving thulium (III) and samarium (III) carbonates at phase ratios ranging from 1:2000 g/mL to 1:40 g/mL in a potassium carbonate medium. The decay of ion-associates, leading to the precipitation of rare earth metal (III) carbonates, was tested in an ammonium carbonate medium. Thermal decomposition of ammonium carbonate at 70–75 °C during 1–4 h was accompanied by full rare earth carbonates’ sedimentation and its in-the-way separation into groups because of the varied strength of ion-associates. The results of this study provide a basis for developing processes to separate rare earth metals into groups during their carbonate–alkaline extraction into solution.