jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Stimulation of a histone H4 protein kinase in Triton X-100 lysates of rabbit peritoneal neutrophils pretreated with chemotactic factors. Effect of fMet-Leu-Phe and partial characterization of the protein kinase.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Rabbit peritoneal neutrophils were stimulated with either the chemotactic factor, fMet-Leu-Phe (10(-8) M, 10 s) or the protein kinase C activator, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), (0.1 microgram/ml, 3 min) at 37 degrees C, lysed with Triton X-100 at the indicated times and the histone H4 kinase activity of the lysate measured. The histone H4 protein kinase activity was increased severalfold by fMet-Leu-Phe but not PMA. The inclusion of the potent protein kinase C inhibitor, 1-(5-isoquinoline-sulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (50 microM) inhibited little if any of the histone H4 protein kinase activity. The effect of fMet-Leu-Phe was transient, maximum stimulation occurring within 10 s and decaying thereafter. The soluble fraction (extract) of the Triton X-100 lysates from control and fMet-Leu-Phe-treated cells was found to contain both histone H4 protein kinase and calcium-phospholipid-activated protein kinase (protein kinase C) activities. The histone H4 protein kinase activity obtained after fMet-Leu-Phe treatment was very little affected by calcium, phospholipid, and PMA and preferred histone H4 but not H1 or H2A as its substrate. In contrast, the calcium-phospholipid-activated protein kinase activity of the extract preferred histones H1 or H2A as substrates and was strongly inhibited by 1-(5-isoquinoline-sulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine. The histone H4 protein kinase was partially separated from kinase C by DEAE-cellulose and phenyl-Sepharose 4B chromatography. It phosphorylated mostly serine in histone H4. The results indicate that the chemotactic factor, fMet-Leu-Phe, stimulates a protein kinase with substrate specificity and biochemical properties distinct from calcium-phospholipid-activated protein kinase C.
The Variation of Action Potential and Impedance in Human Skeletal Muscle during Voluntary Contraction.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We used an insulated acupuncture needle to deliver a 20 kHz alternative current to detect the changes on the electromyogram (EMG) and deep muscle impedance. We found that impedance increased (with a duration of 224.1 +/- 75.3 msec) and then decreased (with a duration of 293.4 +/- 97.3 msec) after motor unit action potential (MUAP) firing during isometric voluntary contraction (VC) of the tibialis anterior muscle (TAM). We divided the positive peak into pattern I (with a latency range of > or = 30 msec and < or = 75 msec) and pattern II (with a latency range of > 75 msec and < or = 140 msec). These patterns of change corresponded to the contraction times of tension caused by the electrical stimulation and VC. These impedance changes may be caused by a change in the extracellular and intracellular fractions, and may reflect the variance of tension intensity in the muscle tissue.
Fertility, Mobility, and Educational Reproduction: A New Method to Estimate Prospective Models Using Retrospective Data

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Prospective models of intergenerational reproduction consider not only the social reproduction of attributes such as education, but also the demographic reproduction of individuals who carry these attributes. This study introduces a method that substantially reduces the data requirements of prospective models. The method allows estimating prospective models based on retrospective data commonly available in surveys. It addresses two key issues – retrospective sampling bias, and the problem of identifying representative cohorts. Additionally, we introduce a decomposition technique disentangling social and demographic pathways of reproduction. We illustrate the method using German data from NEPS and SOEP, focusing on educational reproduction of German men and women born between 1930 and 1945. The analysis offers new estimates of the expected number of higher and lower educated children born to men and women of different levels of education. Findings show that reproduction is constrained by educational gradients in women’s fertility, particularly in West Germany. We conclude that prospective designs advance our understanding of social inequality and its reproduction in families. The method that we introduce will facilitate future prospective research on social stratification.
Optical imaging of charged particle tracks in a gas. Final report

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The development of a new detector designed to optically image the track of a charged particle in a gas is outlined. In the detector, a pulsed high-voltage (up to {approx} 30--40 kV), high-frequency (f = 27.125 MHz) RF field is temporarily applied (pulse duration {approx} 1--3 {mu}s) across a pair of electrodes, immediately following, or alternatively, just prior to the passage of a charged particle through the chamber. The pulsed RF field excites the subexcitation electrons left along the particle`s path leading to excitation and ionization of the surrounding gas and the emission of light. The track is then imaged by a fast intensified digital camera (shutter speed {approx} 0.1--5 {mu}s). The image is recorded in a two-dimensional pixel array (512 {times} 512 pixels) within the camera, and transferred to a computer for later analysis. The detector has been operated over the total gas pressure range 2.5--100 kPa (20--750 torr) using a gas mixture of 2--10% N2 in Ar. Images of both {alpha} and {beta} tracks obtained with this detector are discussed to demonstrate the usefulness of the present technique in charged-particle track analysis for dosimetry and microdosimetry applications.
A SCALE FOR MEASURING PROJECT CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR IN PROJECT-BASED DEFENSE INDUSTRY

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Research and scales on the area of beneficial non task, behavior of employees are the topics that social scientists have generally focused on in order to contribute to the competitiveness of organizations. In addition, the ever-increasing number of inter-organizational project studies today have revealed the necessity of developing a reliable and valid scale for Project Citizenship Behavior (PCB). In this direction, this research consists of the basic stages of creating an item pool, developing a scale, and assessing reliability and validity. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the entire scale was calculated as .81, and the originally designed 4-factor scale structure was confirmed as a result of confirmatory factor analysis. These results show that the developed PCB scale has both convergent validity and high reliability, but only partially discriminant validity. In conclusion, the phenomenon of PCB, which has been newly conceptualized as a result of a qualitative research, has been turned into a multidimensional valid scale from a sample of 288 participants that can be used in empirical research. In addition, this scale was developed by applying it only to project employees who represent the target audience.
Old Pipe/Renewed Pipe - How New Technology Enhances the Rehabilitation of a One Hundred and Forty Year Old Sewer

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Old Pipe/Renewed Pipe - How New Technology Enhances the Rehabilitation of a One Hundred and Forty Year Old SewerThe Boston Water and Sewer Commission (Commission) owns and operates sanitary, drainage, and combined sewer systems in the city of Boston, one of which is the Dorchester Brook Sewer system. The Dorchester Brook Sewer serves a tributary area in North Dorchester and Lower Roxbury of almost 1,000 acres. It is over 100 years old, and is comprised of a 108” × 156” brick arch-shaped...Author(s)Charles WilsonEdward DugganIrene McSweeneyFrank AyotteSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Sep, 2012ISSN1938-6478DOI10.2175/193864712811726671Volume / Issue2012 / 13Content sourceWEFTECCopyright2012Word count267
Review of Distal Embolism with Respect to Filters for Carotid Artery Stenting

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Carotid artery stenting is performed using a device for preventing distal embolism because vasodilation-related debris may cause cerebral infarction. Concerning filters for preventing embolism, membrane-type filters have been used, but mesh-type filters became commercially available. We have selected filter-assisted stenting as a first-choice procedure. We examined post-treatment filters under a microscope, and reviewed the pathogenesis of distal embolism.
[Overview of HIV infections in pediatric population].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A general overview of HIV infection/AIDS in the pediatric population, in Mexico, is provided. The principal categories of transmission in our country are: 45.5% perinatal, 44.0% following transfusion for hemophilia or for other reasons, and less frequently sexual transmission. In the United States and Europe, similar patterns are seen with perinatal transmission being the most important route, at higher percentages than ours. The number of cases of HIV infection in children continues to grow worldwide, primarily reflecting the problem in the adult population.
A Rare Case Of Isolated Blunt Traumatic Diaphragmatic Rupture

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Traumatic diaphragmatic rupture (TDR) is a recognized consequence of high velocity blunt trauma to the abdomen usually a result of motor vehicle accident (MVA) and occasionally by penetrating thoraco abdominal trauma .Blunt traumatic iaphragmatic rupture (BTDR) is a life threatening
condition with an incidence of 0.8%–1.6% in blunt
trauma [1–3]. The diagnosis often happens to be late
due to the absence of typical symptoms or other major
injuries dominating the clinical aspect [4]. An isolated
BTDR is rare. Here we present a rare case of isolated
blunt traumatic diaphragmatic rupture with its review of
literature.
An Experimental Evaluation of CORM-2 and Ifenprodil in Reducing Pain via Thalamic NMDAR-2B and BDNF Suppression in Chronic Polyarthritis Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pain is a debilitating symptom often persisting despite reduced inflammation, possibly due to dysregulated pain pathways. The study aimed to determine the effects of CORM-2 and Ifenprodil on nociceptive mechanisms involving NMDAR-2B and BDNF in thalamus of chronic polyarthritis rat mimicking RA. Eighty rats were randomly assigned into five groups: non-arthritic(N), arthritic control(A), arthritic groups treated with either CORM-2 (A+CORM-2), Ifenprodil (A+Ifenprodil), or Diclofenac (A+Diclofenac). Chronic polyarthritis was induced by injecting complete Freund’s adjuvant (10mg/mL) in right footpad of the rats and intrathecal treatments were given for 7 days (Day-15 to Day-22). Pain behaviour tests evaluating tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia development were conducted on Day-0 (baseline), Day-14 (pre-treatment), and Day-23 (post-treatment). Thalamus was collected for further molecular analyses. There was significant development of tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia detected in arthritic rats (p<0.05) which were significantly reversed by CORM-2 and Ifenprodil treatments (p<0.05). Significant upregulation of mRNA level with increased BDNF and NMDAR-2B protein expression was detected in bilateral thalamic VPL regions (p<0.05). These proteins expression and mRNA levels were significantly reduced and downregulated with the treatments of CORM-2 and Ifenprodil (p<0.05).CORM-2 and Ifenprodil exert anti-nociceptive effects possibly by modulating thalamic nociceptive mechanisms through NMDAR-2B/BDNF signalling inhibition in chronic polyarthritis rat. This study provides insights into understanding possible mechanisms leading to RA pain for future therapeutic development and chronic pain management.
Institutionalizing Ethical Debates in Science, Technology and Innovation Policy: A Comparison of Europe, India and China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Both in Europe and in the emerging economies of China and India, the core of science, technology and innovation policy is broadly similar: stimulating science and technology as important factors in developing innovative solutions to societal needs. In Europe we have witnessed a significant increase in ethical debates on science, technology and innovation, in the sense of both greater intensity and a wider plurality of voices. Central in these debates is the fear for negative consequences of science, technology and innovation. The European debate on genetic modification in agriculture is a well-documented example of the ‘ethicization’ of the public discourse on science, technology and innovation. Nowadays, developments in science, technology and innovation are global phenomena in which scientists and technology experts from different countries cooperate in international consortia. Innovative solutions are often transferred globally and adapted locally. Against this background, we compare the institutionalisation of ethics debates in Europe with China and India: to what extent is there a global ethics in science and technology, and how are ethical debates institutionalized in science, technology and innovation policies? We found that each region has a unique structure of ethics debates involving the institutionalization of three related tasks: ethical governance, ethical deliberation and ethical reflection.
Pharmacologic Treatment of Cancer-Related Fatigue

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Fatigue is the most commonly reported symptom in patients with cancer, with a prevalence of over 60% reported in the majority of studies. This paper systematically reviews pharmacologic agents in the treatment of cancer-related fatigue (CRF). We conducted a literature review of clinical trials that assessed pharmacologic agents for the treatment of CRF. These agents include hematopoietics (for anemia), corticosteroids, and psychostimulants. Other therapeutic agents that are less well studied for CRF but are currently the focus of clinical trials include l-carnitine, modafinil, bupropion, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as paroxetine. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Effective seeding strategy in evolutionary prisoner's dilemma games on online social networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper explores effective seeding strategies in prisoner's dilemma game (PDG) on online social networks, i.e. the optimal strategy to obtain global cooperation with minimum cost. Three distinct seeding strategies are compared by performing computer simulations on real online social network datasets. Our finding suggests that degree centrality seeding outperforms other strategies regardless of the initial payoff setting or network size. Celebrities of online social networks play key roles in preserving cooperation.
Sustained Cytoplasmic Delivery of Drugs with Intracellular Receptors Using Biodegradable Nanoparticles

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Efficient cytoplasmic delivery of therapeutic agents is especially important for drugs with an intracellular site of action for elicitation of a maximal therapeutic effect. In this study, we demonstrate the efficacy of biodegradable nanoparticles for cytoplasmic delivery of dexamethasone, a glucocorticoid, whose site of action is intracellular. Equal doses of two formulations of drug-loaded nanoparticles releasing different doses of the encapsulated drug were tested for antiproliferative activity in vascular smooth muscle cells. The antiproliferative activity of the drug was significantly greater and sustained with nanoparticles that released a higher dose of the drug than with nanoparticles which released a lower dose of the drug. The greater antiproliferative activity of the nanoparticles that released a higher dose of the drug correlated with sustained and higher intracellular drug levels. The antiproliferative activity of the drug in solution was lower and relatively transient compared to that with drug-loaded nanoparticles. The mechanism of inhibition of cell proliferation was mediated through inhibition of cell-cycle progression with a relatively higher percentage of cells in the G0/G1 arrest phase in the group that was treated with drug-loaded nanoparticles compared to that treated with the drug in solution. Results of the study thus suggest that the dose and duration of a drug's availability at the intracellular site of action determine its therapeutic efficacy. In conclusion, biodegradable nanoparticles could be used as an effective delivery mechanism for sustained intracellular delivery of different therapeutic agents.
Single phase and three phase P+Resonant based grid connected inverters with reactive power and harmonic compensation capabilities

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Designing optimized and more efficient controllers for grid connected inverters is a challenge. Conventionally such controllers were established in dq or rotational frame; however, recently stationary or alpha-beta frame has found special interest due to some unique features that it can offer for grid connected inverters. On dq frame variables turn into constants after passing through transform matrixes, so PI controllers that have infinite gain on DC quantities are widely used. But PI controllers are unable to achieve zero steady state error in stationary frame and P+resonant controllers which have infinite gain on their resonant frequency have been implemented instead. This paper will explain step by step P+resonant based inverter controllers design for grid connected single and three phase inverters with reactive power compensation and then a novel approach for grid harmonics compensation will be implemented.
Laboratory validation tests of the IMEEDS uv-fluoroscopy capability

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Fluorescence is the re-emission of light, which has been adsorbed by a substance. In most cases the fluorescent material is an organic molecule or compound and the wavelength spectrum of emitted light reveals broad chemical information. Both adsorption and emission of light are dependent on the molecular structure. Many compounds adsorb UV light, but only compounds with chemical structures that are electron-rich (conjugated) can re-emit light shifted to higher wavelength (fluoresce). Fluorescing molecules have two characteristic spectra, the excitation spectrum and the emission spectrum. The excitation spectrum indicates the relative efficiency of different wavelengths of exciting radiation to cause fluorescence and is equivalent to the adsorption spectrum as determined by a spectrophotometer. The emission spectrum depicts the relative intensity of radiation emitted at different wavelengths. Fluorescence has more sensitivity and selectivity than absorption, because only certain chemical structures fluoresce. Therefore, fluorescence has been used extensively as an analytical technique to detect specific organic compounds in complex matrices.
Bridging Fairness and Environmental Sustainability in Natural Language Processing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Fairness and environmental impact are important research directions for the sustainable development of artificial intelligence. However, while each topic is an active research area in natural language processing (NLP), there is a surprising lack of research on the interplay between the two fields. This lacuna is highly problematic, since there is increasing evidence that an exclusive focus on fairness can actually hinder environmental sustainability, and vice versa. In this work, we shed light on this crucial intersection in NLP by (1) investigating the efficiency of current fairness approaches through surveying example methods for reducing unfair stereotypical bias from the literature, and (2) evaluating a common technique to reduce energy consumption (and thus environmental impact) of English NLP models, knowledge distillation (KD), for its impact on fairness. In this case study, we evaluate the effect of important KD factors, including layer and dimensionality reduction, with respect to: (a) performance on the distillation task (natural language inference and semantic similarity prediction), and (b) multiple measures and dimensions of stereotypical bias (e.g., gender bias measured via the Word Embedding Association Test). Our results lead us to clarify current assumptions regarding the effect of KD on unfair bias: contrary to other findings, we show that KD can actually decrease model fairness.
Genotypic Variation of the Glucosinolate Profile in Pak Choi (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Thirteen different pak choi (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis) cultivars were characterized regarding their glucosinolate profile analyzed by HPLC-DAD-MS. The identified glucosinolates were subjected to principal component analysis, and three distinct groups of pak choi sprouts were identified. Group differences were marked mainly by variations in the aliphatic glucosinolate profile such as differing levels of 3-butenyl glucosinolate and 2-hydroxy-3-butenyl glucosinolate as well as by their varying proportional ratios. In addition, the three groups of pak choi sprouts varied by the presence or absence of 2-hydroxy-4-pentenyl glucosinolate and in level and composition of butyl glucosinolates. This classification is reflected by relative mRNA expression level of 2-oxoacid-dependent dioxygenase. As in sprouts, the major glucosinolates in mature leaves were found to be the aliphatic glucosinolates. However, unlike in sprouts, an additional aliphatic glucosinolate, 5-methylsulfinylpentyl glucosinolate, was detected as characteristic ontogenetic variation in mature leaves in 12 of the 13 pak choi cultivars analyzed.
SH1702096.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.