jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the solar activity and QBO effects on the near-space environment

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Based on the wavelet method, we investigate the solar activity and quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) signals in the near-space environment by using the modern-era retrospective analysis for research and applications, version-2 data and sounding of the atmosphere using broadband emission radiometry (SABER) onboard the thermosphere, ionosphere, mesosphere energetics, and dynamics satellite (TIMED/SABER). The results indicate that the annual variation mainly dominates from stratosphere to mesosphere at middle latitudes, which is more significant and stable in the southern hemisphere. Moreover, the temperature of top near space is affected by the solar activity, and it can vary over 5 K inner one solar cycle. The QBO signal is obviously seen in the stratospheric zonal wind and temperature, which is obviously existed only at a narrow latitude band between 10°S and 10°N, and its altitude range above the equator region is 20–40 km, while it turns to be 20–30 km over 10°S and 10°N, but seemly not existed in the mesosphere. Generally, our results would help to understand the influence of solar activity and QBO.
Anti-Money Laundering in the EU: Time to get serious

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Between 2 and 5% of global GDP is thought to be laundered every year, whereas only 1.1% is recovered. Anti-money laundering encompasses combating tax avoidance, the financing of terrorism, human (and human organ) trafficking, state-sponsored and corporate bribery, and the proceeds from drug-trafficking and other illegal activities. Banks and other ‘obliged entities’ complete thousands of suspicious transactions reports on a daily basis yet only a handful are followed up on by financial intelligence units (FIUs). This could be due to lack of capability, capacity or even political direction. Meanwhile, the breadth and means to launder money have also increased, facilitated by technological progress. Unfortunately, the current anti-money laundering regulations have brought little success.
Sky-High Transformation: Measuring Tourist Satisfaction in Ahmad Yani Airport’s New Era

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to analyze the level of tourist satisfaction regarding the change in status of Jenderal Ahmad Yani Airport from an international to a domestic airport, as stipulated in the Decree of the Minister Nomor KM 31 Tahun 2024. This change affects the airport's classification, including the elimination of direct flight routes to Singapore and Malaysia. To evaluate the level of tourist satisfaction, the study employs the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) method with a questionnaire that assesses various aspects of service, such as accessibility, check-in processes, security checks, and terminal facilities. The sample consists of passengers who have used the airport's services in the past year, using a purposive sampling technique. The data is analyzed statistically using instrument tests, classical assumption tests, and multiple linear regression. The results indicate that service quality and connectivity have a significant effect on tourist satisfaction. The change in the airport's status also impacts passenger traffic for tourism purposes. Prior to this change, the airport served international routes that supported visits from foreign tourists to Central Java. However, with the loss of direct international routes, international tourists must now transit at other airports such as Jakarta or Surabaya, which increases travel costs and time. Nevertheless, this change opens up opportunities to increase the number of domestic passengers, contributing to the growth of local tourism. Therefore, evaluating the need for new infrastructure and improving service quality are priorities to ensure the sustainable growth of the tourism sector.
[Post operative embolism and left atrial enlargement in the old-aged ASD (atrial septal defect) patients].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

As the operation risk of ASD is little today, the unexpected postoperative complication such as embolism is a miserable concern. We experienced two cases of embolism, which were cerebral infarction, in old-aged patients after ASD correction. It has been reported that low cardiac function, atrial fibrillation and foreign body in the left atrium should be risk factors of the embolism after ASD correction. However, blood stasis in the left atrium due to its enlargement may be an essential risk factor of the embolism. Accordingly we evaluated the left atrial volume in 87 ASD patients without complicated cardiac disorder. There was a significant correlation between the age (X) and left atrial volume index (Y). (Y = 16.5 + 1.1X, r = 0.668, p < 0.001). Left atrial volume index in our two cases of cerebral infarction indicated 171.7, 190.8 ml/m2 respectively. The former case had sinus rhythm and its defect was directly closed, and the latter had atrial fibrillation and its defect was closed with teflon patch. In addition pulmonary artery pressure and cardiothoracic ratio correlated with left atrial volume index significantly. Although some investigators reported that pulmonary hypertension and cardiomegaly were the risk factors of embolism, the left atrial enlargement by aging was thought to be the main risk factor. Thus, we concluded that anticoagulant therapy was necessary for the ASD patients with marked left atrial enlargement.
www.scielo.br/aabc Toxicological Evaluation of Anti-Scrapie Trimethoxychalcones and Oxadiazoles

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

An altered form of the cellular prion protein, the PrPSc or PrPRes, is implicated in the occurrence of the still untreatable transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. We have previously synthesized and characterized aromatic compounds that inhibit protease-resistant prion protein (PrPRes) accumulation in scrapie-infected cells. These compounds belong to different chemical classes, including acylhydrazones, chalcones and oxadiazoles. Some of the active compounds were non-toxic to neuroblastoma cells in culture and seem to possess drugable properties, since they are in agreement with the Lipinski´s rule of 5 and present desirable pharmacokinetic profiles as predicted in silico. Before the evaluation of the in vivo efficacy of the aromatic compounds in scrapie-infected mice, safety assessment in healthy mice is needed. Here we used Swiss mice to evaluate the acute toxicity profile of the six most promising anti-prionic compounds, the 2,4,5-trimethoxychalcones (J1, J8, J20 and J35) and the 1,3,4-oxadiazoles (Y13 and Y17). One single oral administration (300 mg/kg) of J1, J8, J20, J35, Y13 and Y17 or repeated intraperitoneal administration (10 mg/kg, 3 times a week, for 4 weeks) of J1, J8 and J35, did not elicit toxicity in mice. We strongly believe that the investigated trimethoxychalcones and oxadiazoles are interesting compounds to be further
Exploring combinations of dimensionality reduction, transfer learning, and regularization methods for predicting binary phenotypes with transcriptomic data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This repository contains supplementary materials for the research paper "Exploring combinations of dimensionality reduction, transfer learning, and regularization methods for predicting binary phenotypes with transcriptomic data." The materials are organized into two distinct folders: - supplementary_code: source code to reproduce the analysis
AE network training
AVAE network training
phenotype data collection
predictive modeling pipeline - supplementary_data: networks and datasets used in this study
01: trained AE network
02: trained AVAE network
03: trained c-ICA network
04: 30 transcriptomic datasets with all representations and phenotypes
05: dataset predictive performances and significance
06: robustness analysis
Effect of Enhanced Ultraviolet-B Radiation on Physiological Properties of Different Cultivars of Barley

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A field experiment was conducted to investigate effects of enhanced ultraviolet-B(UV-B) radiation on physiological characteristics,e.g.photosynthesis and transpiration,of different cultivars of barley.The experiment was designed to have two levels of UV-B radiation,i.e.enhanced UV-B(14.4 kJ·m-2·d-1) and ambient UV-B,and conducted at the Agro-Meteorological Station,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Jiangsu Province,China.Results show that enhanced UV-B obviously depressed photosynthesis and transpiration in all the barley cultivars.Compared with control,enhanced UV-B radiation significantly decreased chlorophyll content,stomatic conductance,net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate,but generally had no effect on intercullular CO2 concentration in the leaves of the plants.However,the plants varied in sensitivity to UV-B radiation from cultivar to cultivar.Cultivar Dan #2 was more sensitive than Cultivar Su #4.
Baseline Participant Characteristics are Associated With Engagement in a Movement-Based RCT for Chronic Low-Back Pain

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose Examine whether baseline participant characteristics predict engagement in a movement-based RCT for chronic low back pain (CLBP). Design Longitudinal study within an RCT. Setting Online. Subjects 138 individuals with CLBP (18-79 years). Intervention Participants were randomized to a 12-week intervention of twice-weekly synchronous online yoga OR stretching/strengthening classes, and received 20-min pre-recorded home videos to complete daily. Measures Baseline questionnaires assessed sociodemographic, psychosocial, and pain factors (100% response rate). Engagement was operationalized as minutes of class attended + minutes of home videos completed. Results Bivariate correlations were computed between baseline variables and engagement. Three multivariate negative binomial generalized linear models (GLMs) were constructed to simultaneously examine predictors of engagement in the domains of sociodemographic, psychosocial, and pain-related factors. Greater engagement was significantly associated with greater baseline age, educational attainment, energy, and emotional well-being, and less emotion regulation difficulties, cannabis use problems, and pain interference (|rs| = .19-.33). In the domain specific GLMs, education (B = .491, P = .017) and cannabis use problems (B = −.048, P = .027) were the only significant predictors in the sociodemographic and psychosocial models, respectively. Neither pain interference nor pain severity were significant in the pain model. Conclusion Factors identified can inform strategies to increase engagement in movement-based CLBP interventions, potentially improving research validity and outcomes. Limitations include lack of racial diversity and not testing how engagement fluctuates throughout the intervention.
Diagnostic value of amplification of human cytomegalovirus DNA from gastrointestinal biopsies from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In order to assess the value of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNA amplification of gastrointestinal biopsies, we studied 57 human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with and without gastrointestinal HCMV diseases. After DNA extraction, a 406-bp fragment from the unique short region of the HCMV genome was amplified by 35 cycles of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and semiquantified from 80 to 80,000 HCMV genomic copies. Among 12 non-AIDS patients, the PCR assay was negative for 11 of 12 duodenal and 8 of 8 colorectal samples. It was also negative for 28 of 31 duodenal and 12 of 15 colorectal samples from 31 AIDS patients without gastrointestinal HCMV diseases. Among 14 AIDS patients with gastrointestinal HCMV diseases, the PCR assay was positive for 12 of 12 patients with HCMV duodenitis and for 13 of 13 patients with HCMV colitis. Results were dichotomized between high and low HCMV-DNA copy numbers. For duodenitis, sensitivity was 92% and specificity was 100%. For colitis, sensitivity was 92% and specificity was 93%. Specificity and sensitivity were not influenced by shedding status for HCMV or by other gastrointestinal infections. HCMV DNA amplification of gastrointestinal biopsies is a sensitive and specific tool for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal HCMV diseases in AIDS patients.
Catholic Converts Abandoned by Louis XIV

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract In the first decade of the eighteenth century, two converts to Catholicism from Western Asia sought Louis XIV's patronage. One was Vakhtang VI, a crypto-Catholic Georgian regent imprisoned by Persia's Soltan Hosayn. He hoped to secure his release with the French king's help and establish himself as a political and religious ally in the Caucuses. The other was Avétik, an Armenian Orthodox patriarch from the Ottoman Empire imprisoned at the Bastille. He abjured Orthodoxy and became a Catholic priest in Paris. Ethnic and religious minorities from the Safavid and Ottoman Empires, Vakhtang VI and Avétik relied on conversion to forge partnerships with French representatives. They failed. This article explains why the French king snubbed these prominent converts from the Islamic world while unifying France under the banner of religious uniformity and projecting himself as the world's preeminent Catholic ruler. It centers the lives, voices, and writings of traditionally overlooked minorities who shaped French diplomatic conversations with Islamic empires from the margins and who remained particularly vulnerable to imperial violence. It also shows how including ethnic minorities in studies of France's engagement with the Safavids and Ottomans complicates our understanding of France's relationships with Islamic empires in the Mediterranean world.
Complication After PDO Threads Lift

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Thread-lifting is as a minimally invasive procedure with limited scarring, rapid recovery, and fewer complications compared with the standard incisional surgery for facial rejuvenation. Using absorbable thread-like polydioxanone is a relatively simple procedure that is also performed by nonmedical professionals in Korea. Although several acute or delayed complications after using nonabsorbable thread types were also reported, it is uncommon to find cellulitis caused by a delayed complication after thread-lifting. A 41-year-old woman presented to our clinic with inflamed multiple palpable masses. She underwent 3 courses of acupoint embedding therapy at a Korean oriental medical clinic. She was treated with combination antibiotic therapy; however, the inflammation did not subside. Consequently, excisional biopsy was performed under local anesthesia. During the procedure, threads were detected and removed. Dimpling, thread exposure, alopecia, under-correction, asymmetry, and parotid gland injury also can occur as early complications of the procedure. Fortunately, these reactions are predominantly mild to moderate in intensity, and can be corrected by a relatively simple procedure. Chronic inflammatory reactions in the thread-lifting area, as identified in the authors’ case, are an infrequent complication. It is recommended to consult with experts in the field for the implementation of this procedure. In addition, experts also need to notify the above side effects and solutions in advance to ensure safe and satisfactory procedures for their patients.
Magnet Resonance Imaging in Experimental Mouse Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Aims: Experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in mice is becoming increasingly popular to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of delayed neuronal injury. The filament perforation model (FPM) is currently most often used. Reports about MRI in experimental mouse SAH are virtually nonexistent. The aim of this study is the evaluation of experimental SAH in mice using the FPM by magnet resonance imaging (MRI).
Optical energy and spatial filter for high local resolution Raman spectroscopy with giant pulse lasers

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

It is shown theoretically and verified experimentally for Raman scattering that a simple combination of a biconvex and a biconcave lens can be used as an optical energy and spatial filter to regulate the focused incident laser energy and the spatial resolution of the system simultaneously. While filtering of optical energy usually reduces the spatial resolution, the described optical filter improves the spatial resolution proportional to the square root of the energy reduction and provides a simple method to avoid gas breakdown or other disturbances of the gas state.
Non-condylomatous perianal disease in homosexual men

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract This retrospective study details the findings and outcome in 34 homosexual men, out of a total of 177 patients, who underwent surgery for non-condylomatous perianal disease over a 2-year period. Of 34 homosexuals 20 presented with anorectal sepsis compared with 11 of 79 heterosexual male patients (χ2 = 24.47, P&lt;0.001). Lesions included chronic intersphincteric abscess (eight patients), anal fistula (seven patients) and chronic intersphincteric abscess and fistula (five patients). Anal fissure occurred in 15 patients, anal ulcer in three, skin tags in six, haemorrhoids in two and Kaposi's sarcoma in one. Eight patients were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody negative, four were asymptomatic HIV antibody positive, 12 had symptomatic HIV infection using the Centers for Disease Control classification and in ten patients HIV status was unknown. Irrespective of the type of surgery performed, healing occurred within 6 weeks of operation in all HIV antibody negative patients, all asymptomatic HIV antibody positive and in only one of nine patients with symptomatic HIV infection. Eight of nine patients with symptomatic HIV infection failed to heal by this time (χ2 = 8.98, P&lt;0.05). These findings suggest that the prevalence of anorectal sepsis in homosexual men is high and that symptomatic HIV infection is an important determinant of progress after surgery.
Electoral rules and Corruption: The role of Political Competition

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The economic and political literature widely studied the effects of electoral systemon corruption. But very little attention has been dedicated to the role of political competitionin explaining this relationship. We hypothesize that the proportionality degree of theelectoral system impacts corruption directly and in a conditional way: through the degree ofelectoral competition among political parties. The estimation results, on a sample of the 20Italian regions over 26 years, show that both the direct and the indirect effect matter in explainingcorruption. As the electoral system becomes more proportional, corruption directlydecrease. This beneficial effect can be reinforced or depressed depending on how politicalcompetition reacts to changes in the proportionality degree of the electoral system.
A fractional Heston model with

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We present a modification of the classical Heston model, where the volatility process is defined by means of a fractional integration of a diffusion process. Our construction allows us to easily compute a martingale representation for the volatility process. From this representation, and using Itô calculus, we develop approximation formulas for the corresponding option prices and implied volatilities, and we prove their accuracy. These formulas give us a tool to study the main properties of the implied volatility. In particular, we study the evolution of the at-the-money skew slope as a function of time to maturity. We see that this model preserves the short-time behaviour of the Heston model, at the same time it explains the slow decrease of the smile amplitude when time to maturity increases. Numerical examples are given.
Risk Factors for Retrolental Fibroplasia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Besides oxygen administration and immaturity of the premature retinal vessels, there are other risk factors for retrolental fibroplasia: (1) respiratory distress syndrome; (2) multiple episodes of bradycardia apnoea; (3) exchange transfusions; (4) hyaline membrane disease; (5) anemia of prematurity; (6) hyperbilirubinemia; (7) avitaminosis E; (8) cardiovascular defects; (9) infectious diseases; (10) multiple births; (11) hypocalcemia; (12) hypothermia; (13) hemorrhagic tendency; (14) delayed coaptation of the retina, and (15) spastic diplegia.
Securing All intraVenous devices Effectively in hospitalised patients—the SAVE trial: study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction Over 70% of all hospital admissions have a peripheral intravenous device (PIV) inserted; however, the failure rate of PIVs is unacceptably high, with up to 69% of these devices failing before treatment is complete. Failure can be due to dislodgement, phlebitis, occlusion/infiltration and/or infection. This results in interrupted medical therapy; painful phlebitis and reinsertions; increased hospital length of stay, morbidity and mortality from infections; and wasted medical/nursing time. Appropriate PIV dressing and securement may prevent many cases of PIV failure, but little comparative data exist regarding the efficacy of various PIV dressing and securement methods. This trial will investigate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of 4 methods of PIV dressing and securement in preventing PIV failure. Methods and analysis A multicentre, parallel group, superiority randomised controlled trial with 4 arms, 3 experimental groups (tissue adhesive, bordered polyurethane dressing, sutureless securement device) and 1 control (standard polyurethane dressing) is planned. There will be a 3-year recruitment of 1708 adult patients, with allocation concealment until randomisation by a centralised web-based service. The primary outcome is PIV failure which includes any of: dislodgement, occlusion/infiltration, phlebitis and infection. Secondary outcomes include: types of PIV failure, PIV dwell time, costs, device colonisation, skin colonisation, patient and staff satisfaction. Relative incidence rates of device failure per 100 devices and per 1000 device days with 95% CIs will summarise the impact of each dressing, and test differences between groups. Kaplan-Meier survival curves (with log-rank Mantel-Cox test) will compare device failure over time. p Values of <0.05 will be considered significant. Secondary end points will be compared between groups using parametric or non-parametric techniques appropriate to level of measurement. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval has been received from Queensland Health (HREC/11/QRCH/152) and Griffith University (NRS/46/11/HREC). Results will be published according to the CONSORT statement and presented at relevant conferences. Trial registration number Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN); 12611000769987.
Evaluation of Interface Strength between Submicron-structure and Substrate Based on Fracture Mechanics Concept

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Analytical and experimental studies are carried out to evaluate interface strength between submicron structures and substrates on the basis of the fracture mechanics concept. Finite element analyses reveal that the stress intensity near the interface edge between a dot and substrate greatly increases with an increase of the aspect ratio of the dot. Delamination tests for submicron chromium (Cr) dots with different aspect ratios on a silicon dioxide (SiO_2) substrate are conducted by means of a modified AFM. The results show that the smaller load is required to separate the dots with higher aspect ratio from the substrate. This is desirable to evaluate the interface fracture toughness.