jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Emergency geriatric surgical admissions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The emergency surgical work load created by patients aged 80 and over in a district hospital was assessed and the results of treatment examined. Over one year 248 patients aged 80 or over were admitted as emergencies, and the overall mortality rate was 21·8%. When terminal disease was excluded mortality rate was 12·5%. These elderly patients had an average length of stay in the acute surgical ward of 14·7 days compared with a mean of 8·4 days for all patients, and all but seven patients were discharged to their original place of referral. Elderly patients do exacerbate the bed shortage in acute surgical wards because they tend to stay longer than younger patients, but these elderly surgical patients imposed only a small load on the inpatient geriatric services, as 78% were discharged straight to their own homes and a further 17% went home after a period on the surgical convalescent wards.
The Window of Risk for Emigration ofWheat streak mosaic virusVaries with Host Eradication Method

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The wheat curl mite (WCM), Aceria tosichella, the vector of Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), often survives the summer on volunteer wheat (Triticum aestivum) and may disperse from this “green bridge” in fall to newly planted winter wheat. Because some methods for managing volunteer wheat do not directly kill WCM, there is a window of risk for WCM and WSMV emigration after management has been applied. WCM survival in response to treatment of wheat by glyphosate, paraquat, stem cutting, and withholding water was measured in greenhouse experiments to determine how this window of risk for emigration varies with management. WCM populations on plants treated with paraquat or stem cutting decreased from the beginning of the sampling period. WCM populations on plants treated with glyphosate or that received no water increased up to 3 days after application and then decreased by 10 days after application. If glyphosate is used to manage volunteer wheat infested with WCM, it should be applied well before wheat is planted in fall. WCM in declining populations tended to be in an upright posture that could facilitate emigration via wind. The total green leaf area was strongly correlated with the number of WCM for treated plants and could be used in the field to predict the posttreatment survival of mites that pose a risk of emigration.
Genetic Characterization of Nipah Virus, Bangladesh, 2004

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Until 2004, identification of Nipah virus (NV)-like outbreaks in Bangladesh was based on serology. We describe the genetic characterization of a new strain of NV isolated during outbreaks in Bangladesh (NV-B) in 2004, which confirms that NV was the etiologic agent responsible for these outbreaks.
Prediction on Hand Arm Vibration Exposure Cause-Effect among Grass-Cutting Workers in Malaysia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Prolonged exposures to hand-transmitted vibrations from grass-cutting machines have been associated with increasing occurrences of signs of occupational diseases related to the hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS). However, there are no specific processes available that cover the subjective and objective health cause-effects of the hand arm vibration risk factors during onsite operations. The objectives are (1) to measure the health subjective and objective risks during normal working conditions among hand-held grass-cutting workers and (2) to determine the significant correlation of the subjective and objective measurement variables of the Hand Arm Vibration Exposure Risk Assessment (HAVERA) on hand arm vibration symptoms and disorders. The study was conducted in two stages: evaluation of the HAVERA variables and development of the health prediction cause-effect model of the HAVERA process using multiple linear regressions and feed forward neural network programming. In the onsite measurement, the daily vibration value depicted an exceeded exposure action value of 2.5 m/s2 for both hands; and experiences of any finger colour change were claimed by 80% of the 204 subjects. This shows that HAVERA process provided a good indication of HAVS which are reported as vascular, neurological and musculoskeletal disorders. In the right and left hand prediction model development, the results demonstrated a higher reliability performance as compared to the linear model for hand grip strength and hand numerical scoring assessment. The prediction of the HAVERA model using the neural network method has been developed for monitoring health conditions due to hand-transmitted vibrations among hand-held grass-cutting workers in Malaysia.
Massive Finger-vein Identification based on Local Line Binary Pattern under Parallel and Distributed Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Massive individuals identification is a challenging problem in modern society. Particularly, finger-vein recognition is an emerging biometric technique with several advantages, especially in terms of security against forgery. In this paper, we propose a hybrid parallel matching process for finger-vein recognition under two different parallel platforms, by using the Local Line Binary Pattern descriptor and Hamming distance. Our proposal aims to reduce the computation time of the matching process for massive individuals identification by using finger-vein patterns. Extensive evaluation shows that our approach obtains a high speed-up under a multi-core platform and a close to linear behavior for a multi-node platform. The results with our hybrid parallel system show that it is suitable for real-time individuals identification, achieving a speed-up up to 129.98x. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first implementation of finger-vein recognition under a parallel platform, which is the main contribution of this paper.
Fossil Collecting Expeditions Led By the Division of Vertebrate Paleontology during the 1950&apos;s

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The 1950s marked a time of renewal for the United States National Museum’s (USNM) Division of Vertebrate Paleontology. In 1948 the Museum articulated an ambitious strategy to update many of its exhibit halls, and by the early 1950s plans for one new hall highlighting Tertiary mammals and another highlighting early fishes and amphibians were well underway. Although the Museum had specimens in these topical areas on display previously, new fossil discoveries, new research, and changes in presentation techniques all mandated a change in exhibit approach. The new exhibit halls would not only include new specimens, but also would embody a new philosophy, including a new thematic approach, more public-friendly specimen labeling, and new dioramas and lighting. In addition to their normal collection and research responsibilities, the curatorial staff was expected to &quot;prepare the original narrative scripts, select the objects, write the captions, and consult with the exhibits designers and preparators on the arrangement of the objects and the use of the drawings, paintings, and other graphical aids required to communicate their ideas to the viewers.&quot;[1] It fell to the curators to not only ensure the scientific accuracy of information in each hall, but also to obtain whatever specimens were necessary to tell the story. At the time there were two vertebrate curators in the USNM Division of Vertebrate Paleontology. Curator C. Lewis Gazin, an expert in Tertiary mammals, particularly those of Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah, curated the new mammals hall (eventually called the Hall of the Age of Mammals in North America). Associate Curator David H. Dunkle had wide-ranging interests, but focused primarily on primitive Paleozoic vertebrates, particularly Devonian fishes, and thus he curated the Hall of Fossil Fishes, Amphibians, and Primitive Reptiles. Although many fossils for these new halls were already in hand, Gazin and Dunkle&apos;s field expeditions during the 1950s remained on the lookout for exhibition quality specimens in addition to their usual prospecting for research and study material. In January 1950, Dr. Gazin, accompanied by Dr. Theodore E. White
MixSKD: Self-Knowledge Distillation from Mixup for Image Recognition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Unlike the conventional Knowledge Distillation (KD), Self-KD allows a network to learn knowledge from itself without any guidance from extra networks. This paper proposes to perform Self-KD from image Mixture (MixSKD), which integrates these two techniques into a unified framework. MixSKD mutually distills feature maps and probability distributions between the random pair of original images and their mixup images in a meaningful way. Therefore, it guides the network to learn cross-image knowledge by modelling supervisory signals from mixup images. Moreover, we construct a self-teacher network by aggregating multi-stage feature maps for providing soft labels to supervise the backbone classifier, further improving the efficacy of self-boosting. Experiments on image classification and transfer learning to object detection and semantic segmentation demonstrate that MixSKD outperforms other state-of-the-art Self-KD and data augmentation methods. The code is available at https://github.com/winycg/Self-KD-Lib.
P-481 - Successful electroconvulsive therapy of major depression during pregnancy after previous non-response to prefrontal rTMS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The treatment of psychiatric disorders during pregnancy poses a challenge particularly regarding limited pharmacological possibilities. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) have been described to be successful in few single cases but, however, literature lacks of guidelines. In order to contribute to the pool of empirical data that is necessary to create evidenced based recommendations we present a case of successful treatment of major depression with ECT in a 35.year old pregnant patient with non-response to rTMS.
Treatment of Acidic Groundwater in Acid Sulfate Soil Terrain Using Recycled Concrete: Column Experiments

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Acidic groundwater generated from pyrite oxidation in acid sulfate (AS) soil is a major geoenvironmental problem in Australia. This study aims to evaluate recycled concrete as a reactive material in permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) for the remediation of acidic groundwater in low-lying AS soil floodplains. Laboratory experiments were systematically conducted to investigate the acid neutralization behavior of recycled concrete and its potential to remove dissolved Al and Fe. The results confirmed that recycled concrete could effectively treat acidic groundwater from an AS soil terrain, resulting in near neutral effluent over a long period with complete removal of Al and Fe. The major mechanisms involved in neutralizing acidic groundwater are thought to be the precipitation of Al and Fe as oxides, oxyhydroxides, and hydroxides. However, the accumulation of secondary minerals could decrease the reactivity of the recycled concrete. For example, chemical armoring could decrease the neutralizing capacity of recycled concrete by up to 50% compared with the theoretical acid neutralization capacity of this material. The results reported here also show that the neutralization capacity and reactive efficiency of recycled concrete are dependent on the initial pH value and also the concentration of Al and Fe in acidic groundwater.
Sticky processes, local and true martingales

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We prove that for a so-called sticky process $S$ there exists an equivalent probability $Q$ and a $Q$-martingale $\tilde{S}$ that is arbitrarily close to $S$ in $L^p(Q)$ norm. For continuous $S$, $\tilde{S}$ can be chosen arbitrarily close to $S$ in supremum norm. In the case where $S$ is a local martingale we may choose $Q$ arbitrarily close to the original probability in the total variation norm. We provide examples to illustrate the power of our results and present applications in mathematical finance.
Effects of High-Rate Cycling on the Bulk Internal Pressure Rise and Capacity Degradation of Commercial LiCoO2Cells

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Commercial lithium-ion cells with the same LiCoO2/graphite electrodes were cycled at high-rate discharge, high-rate charge, and both high-rate charge and discharge until the capacity reached 60%. Periodic baseline characterization tests were performed including internal pressure, discharge capacity, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A paralinear behavior with an early parabolic dependence on the square root of the cycle number, followed by a transition into a linear dependence on cycle number was seen in both the pressure rise and capacity fade in all three conditions. A direct correlation indicating a very strong, statistically significant relationship between the two variables was identified in all the cells tested. CO, CO2, CH4, C2H6, and C3H8 were identified with post cycling gas-chromatography analysis indicating reactions with trace impurities and a reduction of the electrolyte. SEM analysis identified an excessive passivation layer on the surface of the anode presumably due to the reduction of electrolyte at the anode surface, while the cathode demonstrated no significant change with cycling. EIS analysis indicated an minimal change in RCT in the early stages, however the low frequency semicircle underwent considerable change due to a stronger contribution of the charge-transfer kinetics and Li+ transport through the passivation layer in later stages.
The Effects of Chronic High Intensity Interval Training on Cardiometabolic Health in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract \n\tAdvancements in medicine and post-injury care has allowed for the extended life expectancy following spinal cord injuries (SCI). However, such advancements have led to a paradigm shift in the prevalence of secondary health complications from renal and pulmonary to cardiovascular and metabolic. In the able-bodied literature, accumulating evidence for high intensity interval training (HIIT) has shown that this time efficient, heart safe style of exercise may have advantages over moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) as a means to reduce cardiometabolic risk. The effectiveness of HIIT in an SCI population has yet to be explored. The current study examined the effectiveness of the “5 by 1” HIIT protocol over a 6-week timeframe, consisting of three supervised sessions per week in an SCI population. Outcome measures included VO2peak, cholesterol, triglycerides, waist circumference, blood pressure, pro an anti-inflammatory cytokine, and adipokines leptin and adiponectin. Results of the current study suggest that this protocol is an effective means to significantly improve aerobic fitness, however the intervention did induce significant metabolic change. Limitations such as small sample size (N=7) and the relatively short intervention duration may have limited these results. Further research focused on the effectiveness of HIIT in an SCI population is warranted to explore whether the metabolic benefit from HIIT may be dependent on a minimum baseline fitness level or power output that some individuals may not possess. In conclusion, the “5 by 1” HIIT protocol proved to be an effective means of improving aerobic capacity and therefore represents an alternative to the currently suggested MICT.
The ammonia nitrogen pollution in the section from Baoji to Xianyang of the Weihe River

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Aim To find out the ammonia nitrogen pollution sources on the section from Baoji to Xianyang of Weihe River.Methods To analyze ammonia nitrogen pollution,the water samples are collected from representative monitoring points,then tested by the method of Nessler′s reagent spectrophotometry.Results Ammonia nitrogen pollution on the section from Baoji to Xianyang of Weihe River is serious,the main influencing factors are domestic sewage and agricultural area pollution.Conclusion Measures of improving the treatment rate of domestic sewage and refuse should be adopted so as to reduce the ammonia nitrogen pollution in Weihe River.
Generalized Visual Information Analysis Via Tensorial Algebra

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract High-order data are modeled using matrices whose entries are numerical arrays of a fixed size. These arrays, called t-scalars, form a commutative ring under the convolution product. Matrices with elements in the ring of t-scalars are referred to as t-matrices. The t-matrices can be scaled, added and multiplied in the usual way. There are t-matrix generalizations of positive matrices, orthogonal matrices and Hermitian symmetric matrices. With the t-matrix model, it is possible to generalize many well-known matrix algorithms. In particular, the t-matrices are used to generalize the singular value decomposition (SVD), high-order SVD (HOSVD), principal component analysis (PCA), two-dimensional PCA (2DPCA) and Grassmannian component analysis (GCA). The generalized t-matrix algorithms, namely TSVD, THOSVD, TPCA, T2DPCA and TGCA, are applied to low-rank approximation, reconstruction and supervised classification of images. Experiments show that the t-matrix algorithms compare favorably with standard matrix algorithms.
Effect of fluid flow on cavitation erosion of materials under exposure to vibrations from a hydrodynamic generator

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The results of investigation of cavitation erosion of lead in various places of a hydrodynamic-generator submerged jet are presented. Features of erosion caused by the effect of flow are established. It can both strengthen the erosion intensity and weaken it in dependence on the angle of incidence. The stratification of air bubbles under the action of pressure waves is possible in the flow under the interaction with the surface of objects. The flow can change the number of air bubbles participating in the cavitation near the surface. It can also influence the mechanical effect on the surface of the tested materials inducing their nonuniform deformation. All the factors listed affect the cavitation erosion complicating considerably the physics of the process.
Bifidobacterium bifidum MIMBb75 in irritable bowel syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sirs, In their recent publication, Guglielmetti et al. report on the efficacy of a specific Bifidobacterium, Bifidobacterium bifidum MIMBb75, in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).1 They describe statistically significant benefits (though using somewhat novel instruments) in terms of a number of clinical outcomes and experienced little in the way of adverse reactions attributable to the probiotic preparation. This study is important, in that an encapsulated formulation was employed, an approach that is likely to be more readily implemented in diverse clinical settings. Indeed, their findings parallel, in many ways, those demonstrated by Whorwell et al.2 in another 4-week study employing a different Bifidobacterial strain, Bifidobacterium infantis 35624. These and other studies,3, 4 support the findings of recent meta-analyses indicating that, of the various strains and species tested, Bifidobacterial strains seem most likely to result in symptomatic benefits in IBS.5, 6 It is also noteworthy that Guglielmetti et al. found that benefits in terms of global IBS symptoms, pain/discomfort and bloating/distension seemed to occur independent of any effect on stool frequency; an observation also made by Whorwell et al.2 Guglielmetti et al.1 indicate that their organism is adherent to intestinal epithelial cells, a property that is apparently and significantly influenced by the luminal environment. The concept that epithelial adherence and resultant immune engagement may be relevant to the mode of action of this organism is an attractive one, but before this can be advanced, further important data on bacterial transit through the gastrointestinal tract, the appearance of the administered organism in the juxta-mucosal layer of the colon and on the host response must be generated. Finally, the call for longer-term studies of this and other probiotics in IBS is one that will resonate with clinicians and clinical researchers worldwide. Declaration of personal interests: EMMQ has received research support from Science Foundation Ireland, Alimentary Health and Procter and Gamble, and honoraria from Danone, Yakult, Norgine and Salix. EMMQ holds shares in Alimentary Health which holds patents in the area of the gut microbiota and the host response. Declaration of funding interests: None.
Reduction in Residual Pesticides and Quercetin Yields in Onion Peel Extracts by Washing

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

본 연구는 양파껍질로부터 건강기능성식품 기능성원료로서의 양파껍질추출물의 표준화공정을 설정하고자 하였으며, 제조과정 중 지표물질의 추출효율 증대 및 잔류농약 안정성 확보를 위해 여러 세척공정을 통한 quercetin 함량 및 잔류농약 잔존율을 분석하였다. 양파껍질(A)을 1차 1종세척제(이하 세척제) 수세후 건조한 처리구(B), 2차 세척제 처리구(C), 초음파+세척제 처리구(D), 과산화수소+세척제 처리구(E) 및 데치기+세척제 처리구(F)로 처리한 다음 주정추출후 농축 및 진공동결건조하여 양파껍질추출분말을 제조하였다. 양파껍질추출물의 수율 및 지표물질인 quercetin의 수율을 고려하면 과산화수소처리+세척제 처리구(E)가 B처리구에 비해 각각 89.04% 및 96.84%로 추출효율이 가장 높게 나타났다. 모든 시료에서 총 177종의 농약성분 중 cyhalothirn, fluquinconazole 및 procymidone, 3종만이 검출되었는데, cyhalothirn (생양파 허용기준; 0.5 mg/kg), fluquinconazole (0.2 mg/kg)은 각각 0.37-0.68 mg/kg 및 0.35-3.28 mg/kg으로 농축도(27-60배)를 고려하면 허용기준에 안정하였으나 procymidone은 함량이 128.01~133.67 mg/kg으로 높았다. 따라서 양파껍질추출물의 표준화공정을 위해서는 추가적인 물리적 전처리 공정이 필요한 것으로 사료되었다. This study was conducted to assess the removal of residual pesticides and to obtain high amounts of quercetin in onion peel extracts (OPEs) by 4 washing treatments. Washing is one of the standard processing steps in obtaining functional food ingredients from onion peel. After a first detergent wash (0.2% w/v) (DW) and hot air drying ($80^{\circ}C$, 24 hr) (B), 4 washing treatments were tested, including a second DW (C), ultrasonication ($50^{\circ}C$, 10 min) plus DW (D), 0.3% $H_2O_2$ (v/v) plus DW (E), and blanching ($95-97^{\circ}C$, 2 min) plus DW (F). This was followed by 60% (v/v) ethanol extraction and vacuum freeze drying of the OPE. The E treatment yielded 89.04% OPE and a quercetin content of 96.84% in the OPE compared with the B treatment, and had the highest efficiency of all treatments tested. The OPE was tested for the presence of 177 residual pesticides and three compounds were detected in all treatments: cyhalothirn, fluquinconazole and procymidone. Cyhalothirn and fluquinconazole levels were below the permitted levels for fresh onion, while procymidone was present in the high level range of 128.01~133.46 mg/kg in all samples. The E treatment was a better washing method than the others for removal of residual pesticides. It could reduce the level of residual pesticides without changing the functional properties of the OPE.