jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The spectroscopy of H2CS. 1. CS stretch potential curves for singlet states of planar H2CS, obtained by ab initio multireference CI methods

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

For planar H 2 CS, (C 2ν ), the CS stretch potential curves were obtained for the four to six lowest singlet states of each symmetry species by using multireference CI methods. Included were the (n, 4s), (n, 4p), (n, 3d), (π, 4s), and (π, 4p) Rydberg as well as the (n, π*), (π, π*), (σ, π*), (n, σ*), (n 0 , π* 2 ), and (nπ, π* 2 ) valence states. Vertical and adiabatic excitation energies, equilibrium CS distances, vibrational frequencies for the CS stretching mode, dipole moments, oscillator strengths, and Franck–Condon factors were evaluated and found to be in good agreement with known experimental data. The role of the 1 (π, π*) state that diabatically crosses all 1 A 1 states, including the n 2 ground-state configuration, causing many interactions with other states, has been given special attention. The following reassignments and predictions are of interest. (i) A switch of Ẽ and [Formula: see text], with 1 A 1 (n, 4p y ) corresponding to the Ẽ bands and 1 B 2 (n, 4p z ) corresponding to the [Formula: see text] bands is suggested, based on the energetic ordering. (ii) Because of strong Franck–Condon factors, hot bands are suggested to play an important role in the analysis of the CS stretch progression of [Formula: see text]. (iii) The [Formula: see text] system, only studied in low resolution, is predicted to have high intensity and be perturbed due to the crossing of (π, π*) with (n, 4p y ) in the vertical region. The CS stretch bands should be observable. (iv) Observed combination modes in the [Formula: see text] system may be due to vibronic mixing of (π, π*) with (σ, π*).
Negotiation Based Scheduling for an Efficient SaaS Provisioning in the Cloud

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cloud computing is part of a highly dynamic market with heterogeneous resource providers and varying consumers needs. This influences the provisioning process for highly scalable Software-as-a-service (SaaS) applications, which depends on both resource providers and consumer needs. Indeed, for scaling purposes, SaaS providers need to rent Virtual Machines (VMs) from Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) providers. Since the objective of SaaS providers is to optimize their profits, it is very important to efficiently decide when processing clients requests to better assign virtual resources and scaling up if needed. Thus, SaaS providers need efficient scheduling strategies to perform such assignment and take adequate profit-aware scheduling decisions. Current scheduling algorithms use take-it-or-leave-it strategy for request evaluation. Considering customer satisfaction as a fixed input parameter, leads to an increased number of rejected requests and consequently loss in profit. In this paper, we propose a negotiation-based scheduling algorithm, which aims to maximize SaaS provider profit and increase user satisfaction, while dealing with dynamic resources and considering customer negotiable needs. Conducted experiments validate our proposal and show that negotiation improves scheduling performance.
Practice supervisors’ perceptions of social work students and their placements – an exploratory study in the Norwegian context

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Practice placement has been a basic component in Social Work Programmes for many decades in Norway as elsewhere, and supervision of students has been a valued role for social workers. Here, we have carried out a pilot study of nine supervisors from various practice settings, dealing with their experience with and views about supervision of students. The aim was to get more knowledge of student supervision today and the meaning of student supervision in different practice settings. We found that the content of supervision depended on the agency context. Supervision embodies core agency values. There was a lack of common ground between supervisors and the school of social work, and between supervisors and the students.
Role of Different Enzymes in Nectar to Honey Transformations in Indigenous Rockbee, Apis dorsata F.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Enzymes form integral part and play decisive role in biological metabolism and systems. The present studies delve on the role of enzymes viz., invertase, amylase, glucose oxidase and catalase in nectar-honey transformation in indigenous rock bee Apis dorsata F during February, 2022 to January 2023. Five stages in transformation of honey from nectar of flower comprises floral nectar (fn), honey crop of foragers (hf), honey crop of house bees (hh), unsealed honey cells (uh) and sealed honey cells (sh). Invertase levels in fn and sh cells were (0.00ml) and (42.40 ml), respectively. Similarly, amylase was lowest in the fn (0.00ml) and highest in the sh (16.01 ml). Glucose oxidase levels in fn and sh cells were (0.00ml) and (6.68 ml), respectively. Catalase was lowest in the fn (0.00ml) and highest in the sh (4.96 ml). The analysis of variance of invertase and amylase was significant at 1% level (p<0.01), whereas glucose oxidase and catalase was not significant at 1% level (p<0.01). The sources of all enzymes, according to the finding, are found in the hypopharyngeal, post-cerebral, thoracic, labial, and mandibular glands of foragers and house bees.
An ultrastructural and histopathological study of Henneguya pellucida N. sp (Myxosporea : Myxobolidae) infecting Piaractus mesopotamicus (Characidae) cultivated in Brazil

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Le controle des infections myxosporidiennnes dans un elevage de poissons d'eau douce a revele l'existence de la nouvelle espece, Henneguya pellucida n. sp., chez Piaractus mesopotamicus. Dix des 120 poissons examines, soit 8,3 %, etaient infectes. Des plasmodes spheriques de couleur jaune, de 0,5 a 3 mm de diametre, ont ete trouves dans la sereuse de la cavite viscerale et dans la tunique externe de la vessie natatoire. La sporogenese est asynchrone avec localisation des stades precoces en bordure de l'endoplasme et des spores matures dans la partie centrale Les spores matures sont pirirormes longueur totale : 33,3 ± 1,5 μm, moyenne ± SD: largeur: 4. 1 ± 0,4 μm; longueur du corps 11,4 ± 0,3 mm: longueur du processus caudal: 24 1 ± 1,5 mm). Les capsules polaires sont oblongues (longueur. 4,0 ± 0,4 mm: lorgeur: 1,6 ± 0.2 μm). Le developpement du parasite dans la vesicule natatoire induit un epaississement de la funica externe et une reaction granulomateuse. Aucune correlation n'a ete trouvee entre la prevaience du parasite et les caracteristiques chimiques et physiques de l'eau l'infection n'affectait que des specimens juveniles mesurant de 9,5 a 20 cm.
Unexpected Rheology of Polydimethylsiloxane Liquid Blends

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The rheological behaviour of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) liquid blends has been investigated both in rotational and oscillating mode. Liquid silicone rubbers based on PDMS at low, medium, and high viscosity have been used for low/high or medium/high liquid blends. The flow, viscosity, creep, and stress‐relaxation curves, strain‐spectra of temperature‐ or frequency‐sweep have been determined and the behaviour at slow shear rate investigated in detail. The low/high homologous blend shows an unexpected behaviour: the zero‐shear viscosity η 0 is higher, the compliance J 0 lower and viscoelastic moduli G 0 , G ( t ), G ′(ω) and G ″(ω) higher, with respect to the components and medium/high blend. Moreover, the blend viscosity η( T ), G ′( T ), and G ″( T ) exhibits an anomalous decreasing trend. The Entanglement Swelling Tube (EST) model is proposed. The nanosized chains swelled the entanglement of the long ones by means of dipolar interactions Si δ + –O δ − in the sites between the blobs of the tube chains, where the free‐volume is highest. The linked entanglements are stabilized and the lifetime lengthened; the entanglement density increases at long deformation times. As the temperature rises, the anomalous behaviour is reduced due to the Entanglement Deswelling‐Solvation mechanism of short chains up to the transition to ordinary behaviour for T = 65 °C.
Acne, quorum sensing and danger

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Propionibacterium acnes is a ubiquitous skin commensal bacterium, which is normally well tolerated by the immune system in healthy human skin. However, there is increasing evidence to suggest a pivotal role for P. acnes in the inflammatory process underlying the acne pathogenesis. With its features of inflammation and pustulation, acne vulgaris resembles the skin's normal reaction to bacterial pathogens. P. acnes flourishes when sebum production increases in the follicles. Bacteria may undergo behavioural changes based on the surrounding bacterial population, a process called quorum sensing (QS). Evidence from in vitro studies suggests that QS enables P. acnes to upregulate its hydrolysis of sebum triglycerides by its bacterial lipases, secreting free fatty acids (FFAs) such as oleic, palmitic and lauric acids. These FFAs act as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and activate Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4, leading to selective T-helper (Th)-driven immunity, with subsequent expression of Th1/Th17-associated inflammatory cytokines. To our knowledge, there is currently no explanation as to what determines the shift of recognition by the immune system of P. acnes from being symbiotic to pathogenic. We present a novel hypothesis based on the essence of QS and DAMPs. P. acnes sends no or only 'safety' signals when present in 'controlled' quantities under commensal conditions, but becomes pathogenic and sends 'danger' signals via QS in the form of excess FFA production, which stimulates TLR2 and TLR4 as the bacterial population flourishes.
“Split Happens”: a Rare Case of Chromosomal Mosaicism in Characin from an Impacted River Basin

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Chromosomal polymorphisms have been reported in numerous vertebrates, including fishes. Such variation is usually related to karyoevolutionary trends and speciation but might also be a result of environmental stress. Herein, we provide the first karyotype characterization in populations of a widespread small characin (Hemigrammus marginatus) from an impacted river basin in Northeastern Brazil to infer their chromosome organization and putative genotoxic effects. Therefore, we reported intra and interindividual structural polymorphism and multiple active nucleolar organizer regions in samples from Contas River, a highly polluted environment when compared to less impacted areas. Furthermore, this report represents the first description of chromosomal mosaicism in the family Characidae so far. Besides revealing peculiar karyotypic patterns in relation to populations from other basins, our results suggest that the chromosomal instability in specimens H. marginatus might be associated with the presence of xenobiotics in polluted environments.
Accuracy of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for Identifying Depression in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Psychological morbidity is common in chronic respiratory diseases. The diagnostic accuracy of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and risk factors for comorbid depression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are addressed. Consecutive COPD patients (GOLD stage I–IV, 40–75 years old) were enrolled in a multicentre, cross-sectional cohort study. Diagnosis of depression was ascertained through clinical records. Lung function, HADS score, 6-minute walking test (6-MWT), MRC dyspnoea score, and COPD Assessment Test (CAT) were evaluated. Two hundred fifty-nine COPD patients (mean age 62.5 years; 32% female; mean FEV1 48% predicted) were included. Patients diagnosed with depression (29/259; 11.2%) had significantly higher HADS-D and HADS-Total scores than nondepressed patients (median (quartiles) HADS-D 6 [4; 9] versus 4 [2; 7], median HADS-Total 14 [10; 20] versus 8 [5; 14]). Receiver-operating characteristic plots showed moderate accuracy for HADS-D, AUC 0.662 (95%CI 0.601–0.719), and HADS-Total, AUC 0.681 (95%CI 0.620–0.737), with optimal cut-off scores of >5 and >9, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity were 62.1% and 62.6% for HADS-D compared to 75.9% and 55.2% for HADS-Total. Age, comorbidities, sex, and lower airflow limitation predicted depression. The HADS exhibits low diagnostic accuracy for depression in COPD patients. Younger men with comorbidities are at increased risk for depression.
Governance and trust in sustainability-based agri-food value chains. A comparative analysis of five cases in Germany

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Value chains that generate an increased willingness to pay among consumers by offering enhanced levels of sustainability are widely discussed as an important strategy for creating new business opportunities and fostering food system transformation. Previous research has highlighted the importance of governance arrangements to secure the trust necessary for the establishment of sustainability-based value chains. However, how different coordination designs by private and public actors along the value chain affect trust formation is not well understood. To address this question, this paper combines the concepts of hybrid governance and multidimensional trust to guide a comparative analysis of five sustainability-based agri-food value chains in Germany as exemplary case studies. The findings show that different types of governance activities are necessary to build the capacity to address four different sources of trust: dispositional, affinitive, rational and procedural trust. Building trust capacities facilitates coordination of activities along the value chain and reliable delivery of sustainability-related value propositions. In all five cases, governance arrangements and building of trust capacities were geared towards increasing willingness to pay. Sustainability-based agri-food value chains have therefore limited potential to internalize the agri-food sector’s substantial negative externalities.
Factors Influence on Electrophysical Parameters of the Composite Varistors

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Purpose. Evaluation influence structural state polymer phase on the response voltage and coefficient nonlinearity of a multilayer varistor based on zinc oxide. Methodology. Zinc oxide consisted of 97% zinc oxide and 3% total oxides of Bi2O3, Co3O4, MnO2, B2O3, SbO3, ZrO2, Al2O3. At a temperature of 1573°K, the synthesis of semiconductor ceramics based on Zinc oxide was carried out. For composite of thermoplastic polymers and Zinc oxide, non-polar and polar polymers, high pressure polyethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride were used. The composites were obtained by hot pressing at the melting temperature of the polymer phase and a pressure of 15 MPa. After that, using silver paste, measuring electrodes 10 mm in diameter were applied to the surface of the synthesized samples, and then current–voltage characteristics were measured. Modification of composites under action of gas-discharge plasma was carried out in a special cell that creates a dielectric-gas-composite system. The structure of the composites was studied by X-ray diffraction analysis and IR spectroscopy. Findings. The obtained experimental results show that the size of the particles of the inorganic phase significantly affects the current-voltage characteristics of the composite varistor: at a given thickness of the composite varistor, the operation voltage decreases markedly, and the nonlinearity coefficient increases. Numerous experimental results obtained by us show that the impact of electric discharge plasma on the polymer Zinc oxide-composite leads to a significant change in the permittivity and the concentration of local levels at the interface of the composite. The results research showed that effect electrical plasma on the opening voltage depends on the polarity of polymer matrices. Moreover, plasma processing itself significantly changes the structure of the polymer phase at composite. Originality. The magnitude of the potential barrier at phase boundary is mainly determined by the volume fraction and size of the main structural element of ZnO ceramics. Changing the structural state of the polymer matrix allows the adjust response voltage and coefficient nonlinearity of volt-ampere characteristic of the multilayer varistor. Practical value. The discovered development of electron-ion processes at polymer phase of the varistor indicates the need to take into account change in its service characteristics from the duration and intensity of use. The result obtained has a certain practical significance, since it indicates not only the reason for the change in properties, but also the need to develop measures to increase the service life of the varistor.
Simulation of airlift pumps for deep water wells

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A mathematical model for the simulation of water airlift pumps is developed, based on the “interspersed continua” approximation for two‐phase flow systems, together with an algorithm that selects the appropriate friction correlation for specific flow regimes. The model presented can either predict the water or air flow rate for a given airlift system. Predictions obtained by the model were compared with a series of experiments performed by the Greek Institute of Geological and Mineral Exploration and were found to be in good agreement. The present predictions are far superior to those obtained by an existing simple model currently in general use.
Occupational Rhinitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1. Rhinitis agents that cause no immune mechanism: 2. Rhinitis agents that cause immune mechanism: SymptomsNasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, sneezing and nasal itching and can also be associated with epistaxis, anosmia, eye symptoms such as ocular itching, tearing and conjunctival redness and irritability and malaise sometimes.The symptoms are recurrent and almost continuous throughout the whole year, usually improving the weekends and worse at work.In non-immune rhinitis nasal congestion prevails against the previous symptoms, and severe burns and eye irritation, pharyngeal, tracheal and bronchial may appear, irritant gases.Signs that should make us suspect atopy or allergic rhinitis are the "allergic salute" transverse nasal groove by scratching repeated oral habit, gingival hyperplasia, geographic tongue, dark circles and eczema among others.
Detailed Instructions on How to Operate Activated Sludge Treatment

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

活性汚泥は有機性汚濁廃水を処理するための非常に優れたプロセスであるが，現実の活性汚泥は“原水BODが低いのに処理水が悪い”というようなことが十分に説明できないことがあり，管理されたプロセスとはいい難い。その原因としては，（1）現象が処理水に現れる時間遅れが大きく，原因→処置→結果が不明確である。（2）測定管理項目が不十分（BOD，汚泥の活性，原水の分解性など）である。（3）そもそも技術的に十分に解明できていない部分がある（分解速度や汚泥の沈降性）。などが挙げられる。取組みには，まず活性汚泥プロセスの曖昧な状態をできるだけ解消する必要がある。今回は，以下のような順序で活性汚泥の基礎的な事項をできるだけ定量的に解説する。1）活性汚泥を説明する上の最も基礎である，BOD5と他の水質指標について2）活性汚泥装置の能力（ハード能力，ソフト能力）について3）活性汚泥の常識について4）日常運転のトラブル（BOD処理不良，COD処理不良，汚泥沈降性不良）について5）測定管理計器について
Role of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Prostate Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Stem Cell Niche

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), has gained attention in recent years as a potential adjunct to conventional cancer treatments, particularly in addressing tumor hypoxia which is extensively employed as a post-injury treatment, is the administration of >92% oxygen at 1.5- 3.0 ATA for 60-120 minutes. HBOT is attributed to at least five mechanisms including epigenetic regulation of gene expression, mechanical effects, bacteriostatic effects, hyperoxygenation for carbon monoxide and cyanide poisoning treatment, and restoration from hypoxia. HBOT is emerging as a promising adjunct to conventional cancer treatments, particularly in overcoming tumor hypoxia—a key feature of the tumor microenvironment (TME) that drives tumor growth, therapy resistance, and metastasis. By delivering high concentrations of oxygen under pressure, HBOT improves tissue oxygenation, potentially suppressing tumor growth, reducing hypoxia-induced resistance, and enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Studies have shown its anti-angiogenic effects in some tumor models and its ability to alkalize the TME. In prostate cancer, HBOT has demonstrated potential in slowing tumor growth and increasing treatment sensitivity in cell lines like DU-145 and LNCaP. Additionally, it may enhance the effectiveness of radical prostatectomy and chemotherapy by synchronizing cell cycles. Therefore, the current review highlights the key aspects of HBOT in prostate cancer therapy particularly their role addressing late radiation tissue injury (LRTI) and tumor hypoxia. We have succinctly captured the multifaceted role of HBOT in modifying the TME and comprehensive overview focuses on the advanced approaches to eliminate prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) and exploration of their role in anti-androgen resistance, as well as stemness-related signaling pathways and growing body of evidence supporting the potential benefits of HBOT in prostate cancer treatment. Further clinical research on HBOT could lead to significant advancements in prostate cancer treatment.
Elimination of the listeriolysin O-directed immune response by conservative alteration of the immunodominant listeriolysin O amino acid 91 to 99 epitope

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A major H2-Kd-presented epitope for antilisterial cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is the nanomer peptide which corresponds to the amino acid 91 to 99 (aa91-99) sequence from listeriolysin O (LLO). Although the LLO sequence contains at least five additional nanomer peptides which also satisfy the H2-Kd binding motif, aa91-99 is the only LLO-derived target peptide that is recognized by antilisterial CTLs following infection of BALB/c mice with Listeria monocytogenes. In order to investigate further the immunodominance of the LLO aa91-99 epitope following endogenous processing of LLO, we introduced a point mutation in hly (the gene for LLO) which results in a conservative Y-to-F substitution for the anchor residue at position 2 within the aa91-99 sequence. This "92F" L. monocytogenes mutant produces biologically active LLO and is phenotypically indistinct from wild-type L. monocytogenes in terms of intracellular growth in vitro and virulence in vivo. BALB/c mice actively immunized with the 92F L. monocytogenes mutant are protected against challenge with wild-type L. monocytogenes. Antilisterial CTLs from mice immunized with the 92F mutant lyse targets infected with L. monocytogenes; however, these CTLs do not lyse target cells pulsed with either the LLO aa91-99 peptide, other LLO-derived peptides which satisfy the H2-Kd binding motif, or a peptide corresponding to the LLO aa91-92F-99 sequence. Target cells pulsed with the LLO aa91-92F-99 peptide are, however, lysed by wild-type LLO aa91-99-specific cytotoxic cells. Thus, a conservative amino acid change in the first anchor residue of the immunodominant aa91-99 sequence of LLO eliminates the induction of the cytotoxic cell response to this epitope as well as to any of the other candidate LLO-derived peptides which fit the H2-Kd binding motif. The lack of anti-LLO-specific CTLs following immunization with the 92F mutant does not appear, however, to influence the protective antilisterial immune response.