jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The introduction of syphilis point of care tests in resource limited settings

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Syphilis remains an important and preventable cause of stillbirth and neonatal mortality. About 1 million women with active syphilis become pregnant each year. Without treatment, 25% of them will deliver a stillborn baby and 33% a low birth weight baby with an increased chance of dying in the first month of life. Adverse pregnancy outcomes due to syphilis can be prevented by screening pregnant women, and treating those who test positive with a single dose of penicillin before 28 weeks' gestation. Areas covered: This manuscript covers the impact of syphilis on pregnancy outcome, the diagnosis of syphilis, with a special focus on point of care (POC) tests, and challenges to the introduction of POC tests, and their potential impact on the control and prevention of syphilis in resource limited settings. Expert commentary: POC tests for syphilis are available which meet the ASSURED criteria, and could make syphilis screening accessible to all women anywhere in the world who attend an antenatal clinic. High quality dual POC tests for HIV and syphilis could ensure that well-funded programmes for the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV can contribute towards increased coverage of antenatal syphilis screening, and prevent more than 300,000 adverse pregnancy outcomes due to syphilis annually. Alongside investment to increase availability of syphilis POC tests, operational research is needed to understand how best to improve screening of pregnant women and to translate test availability into improved pregnancy outcomes.
Liability for nonconformity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Articles 35(1), 35(2), 41, and 42 of the CISG allocate to the seller the risk that goods will fail to conform either to the express requirements of the contract or to certain implied terms. Thus, in everything but name, the Articles describe warranties as to the goods. The language of those Articles will be familiar to the lawyer conversant with the warranties that are called “express warranty,” “implied warranty of merchantability,” or “implied warranty of fitness for a particular purpose,” and “warranty of good title.” One backs into the requirements of Articles 35, 41, and 42 by starting with the statement in Article 36 that the seller is liable in accordance with the contract and the CISG for a nonconformity that exists at the time that the risk passes to the buyer. Articles 35, 41, and 42 effectively indicate what constitutes a lack of conformity by stating certain conditions that the seller must satisfy. Article 35 requires that delivered goods are conforming only if they comply with contractual descriptions, quantities, and qualities required by the contract, only if they are contained or packaged in the manner required by the contract, and only if they meet the implied obligations of Article 35(2). The last of these obligations, by virtue of being incorporated into the contract through the CISG, need not be explicitly set forth by the parties. Instead, they will apply “[e]xcept where the parties have agreed otherwise.” Those implied obligations require conforming goods to be fit for the purposes for which the described goods would ordinarily be used, to be fit for any particular purpose of which the seller was aware if the buyer reasonably relied on the seller, to possess the qualities of any sample or model held out by the seller, and to be contained or packaged in the manner usual for such goods. Article 41 requires that the goods delivered be free of any claim or right of a third party to them. Article 42 imposes similar requirements with respect to conflicting claims and rights that arise from industrial property or intellectual property law.
Prostate Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Prostate cancer is a relatively common cancer in men, with over one million cases reported annually worldwide. The most common type of prostate cancer is acinar adenocarcinoma, which starts from the gland cells within the prostate. A prostate specific antigen (PSA) test and a digital rectal examination (DRE) are initial tests used when a patient presents with symptoms of prostate cancer. If the DRE or the PSA test are suggestive of prostate cancer, a biopsy of the prostate may be undertaken, as a positive diagnosis of prostate cancer cannot be made on the basis of DRE or PSA testing alone. The way to obtain a biopsy is to use a technique known as a trans-rectal ultrasound (TRUS). The Gleason scale is used to determine how differentiated tumour cells are from normal prostate cells. Primary and secondary tumour cells are graded according to the Gleason scale and are then added together to from a Gleason score.
Pedigrees and names of Arab Horses

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pedigrees and names of Arab Horses Get access O. N. H. O. N. H. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 182, Issue 2, 10 January 1942, Page 21, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/182.2.21a Published: 10 January 1942
Markets versus Regulation: Investor Protection in the United States Compared to Israel

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Israel has more companies listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange than any country outside the United States, save China.2 At the same time, a growing number of US companies, especially from the real-estate sector, are raising capital on Israel’s Tel Aviv Stock Exchange.3 Therefore, it is important for both US and Israeli public investors to study how the laws, regulations, and standards of the other jurisdiction protect them from expropriation.
A Randomized Telephone Intervention Trial to Reduce Primary Medication Nonadherence

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In a population of patients who had not picked up new prescriptions after 3 calls from the pharmacy, additional nurse-directed outreach did not improve primary medication adherence. Re-engagement with the prescribing clinician may be needed to improve adherence in this patient population. The low rate of PMN in the overall population differed from prior studies in this setting and others and should be assessed in future research.
LAPORAN PPL INDIVIDU

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Praktik Pengalaman Lapangan (PPL) merupakan kegiatan yang dilaksanakan untuk mengembangkan kompetensi mahasiswa sebagai calon pendidik atau tenaga kependidikan. Sebagai dasar pengembangan program PPL/Magang III mahasiswa dibimbing oleh dosen pembimbing dan guru pembimbing yang dilatih serta mempunyai kualifikasi sebagai pembimbing PPL/Magang III.
Praktik Pengalaman Lapangan (PPL) dilakukan di SMK Negeri 4 Yogyakarta mulai dari tanggal 10 Agustus 2015 sampai dengan 12 September 2015. Sekolah ini berlokasi di Jalan Sidikan No. 60 Yogyakarta. Kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah 1) Observasi dan 2) Praktik Mengajar Terbimbing. Praktik mengajar terbimbing dilakukan di kelas XI Patiseri untuk mata pelajaran Produk Cake dan XII Patiseri untuk mata pelajaran Pastry dan Bakery. Materi yang diajarkan berupa teori dan praktik.
Hasil yang diperoleh dari pelaksanaan kegiatan Praktik Pengalaman Lapangan (PPL) adalah mahasiswa memperoleh pengalaman langsung di lapangan sebagai persiapan membentuk tenaga pendidik yang profesioanal. Observasi yang dilakukan sebelum pelaksanaan kegiatan Praktik Pengalaman Lapangan (PPL) sangat membantu mahasiswa untuk menentukan strategi pembelajaran yang tepat karena disesuaikan dengan karakteristik siswa, kelas dan lingkungan. Praktik mengajar terbimbing dapat dilakukan dengan lancar dan memberikan hasil yang baik. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari antusias/kehadiran dan prestasi belajar siswa dimana semua siswa dapat memperoleh nilai di atas KKM.
The Socialization Conundrum: Comparing Social Learning Outcomes of Homeschooled and Traditionally Schooled Children in Kenya

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article compares social learning outcomes of homeschooled and traditionally schooled children under the Accelerated Christian Education Curriculum (ACE). The comparison is done by looking at the social skills constructs of persistence, self–control and social competences. This study adopted the comparative research design, targeting children under the Accelerated Christian Education. 426 children were sampled, with 272 participating Questionnaires were used to collect data on the three constructs. From the computation of children Independent sample t-test, it was revealed that there were no significant differences between the homeschooled and traditionally schooled children as perceived by the children, parents and teachers on the three Social constructs. Consequently it was noted children, parents and teachers received home schooling as effective in developing children persistence, self-control and social competence learning outcomes. It was also demonstrated that acquiring these social skills was independent of home and traditional schooling. Hence it meant home school was equally effective in nurturing the social skills required for children to fit well in society. Though further studies needed to be done to test the robustness of these findings when other variable are added to the model.
Soluble Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor (suPAR) Is a Biomarker Associated with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in the Elderly, Specifically in Women

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) may result in the development of heart failure, which is widespread among people of advanced age. The pathophysiology of LVH is complex and its biochemical pathways are not fully understood in this group. Elevated soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), a biomarker of immune activation, including fibrosis, reflects subclinical organ damage in systematic diseases. The present study assesses the clinical role of suPAR measurement in determination of LVH-associated cardiac disorders in the elderly. The studied population consisted of 238 individuals aged 76–91 years; of these, 139 (58%) were diagnosed with LVH. Serum biomarkers measurement (suPAR, troponin T, NT-proBNP and CRP) and echocardiography were performed in all subjects. The suPAR level was significantly higher in the LVH group (4.01 vs. 3.82 ng/mL, p = 0.033) and correlated with the parameters of cardiac diastolic function. Stepwise logistic regression found suPAR level (OR = 1.55, p = 0.016), BMI (OR = 1.17, p = 0.0003) and hypertension (OR = 2.42, p = 0.046) to be independently associated with LVH in women. In men, the strongest predictors of LVH were hypertension (OR = 7.52, p = 0.014) and BMI (OR = 1.42, p = 0.032). The observations indicate suPAR as a promising marker reflecting LVH, especially in women at advanced age, independent of age-associated cardiac remodeling.
A Comparative Study of Emerging Scientific Themes in Business Analytics

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this research is to investigate the emerging scientific themes in business analytics through the utilisation of burst detection, text-clustering and word occurrence analysis in top information systems journals in order to provide an insight about the future scientific trends of business analytics for scholars and practitioners in the field. Researchers have gathered a rich set of business analytics articles from top journals which are indexed in the well-known scientific database of web of science (WoS) core collection. The study provides clues, directions, and knowledge-based guidelines on the recent business analytics scientific trends through the utilisation of mentioned algorithms over paper abstracts, titles, and keywords. This study also highlights the most important areas of research and the future research directions that might be interesting to business analysts through an in-depth analytical discussion.
Palaeolithic and neolithic contributions to the European mitochondrial gene pool

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation has been used extensively for examining large-scale questions of human evolution, population structure and demographic history (Cann, Stoneking & Wilson 1987, Vigilant et al., 1991). Recently, however, the ability of mtDNA to resolve the close genetic relationships within relatively homogeneous populations such as the Europeans has been questioned (Bertranpetit et al., 1994; Pult et al., 1994). Using a new phylogenetic method we believe, on the contrary, that it is possible to reveal considerable structure within Europe and, by comparing geographical affinities and divergences between groups of mitochondrial lineages, examine different hypotheses about European colonization.
High autonomous selfing capacity and low flower visitation rates in a subalpine population of Prunella vulgaris (Lamiaceae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Background and aims – Autonomous selfing is a potential strategy to overcome pollinator scarcity or unreliability, but the specific mechanisms of autonomous selfing need further study to clarify our understanding of this phenomenon. This study investigated the mechanism of autonomous selfing in a subalpine population of Prunella vulgaris (Lamiaceae), a species with didynamous stamens.Methods – We studied the floral biology, pollinator activity, and breeding system of Prunella vulgaris in a natural population. The short stamens and long stamens were removed separately to examine their contribution to self-pollinated seed production. In addition, the stamens were removed at different developmental stages to determine the timing of autonomous selfing.Key results – The short stamens were closer to the stigma than the long stamens. Seed production after removal of the long stamens was higher than following removal of the short stamens, suggesting that spatial separation of the anthers from the stigma is crucial and pollen from the short stamens contributes most frequently to self-pollination. Self-fertilization started at the final bud stage of flower development, which may be consistent with the prior selfing mode, but seed production gradually increased during the flower life-span, suggesting that competing selfing and delayed selfing may also contribute to autonomous selfing. Bagged flowers set as many seeds as flowers hand-pollinated with outcross pollen or self-pollen, and thus the population shows a high capacity for autonomous selfing. Emasculated flowers open to visitation by pollinators produced almost no seed, showing that the pollinator-visitation rate was low, and that the majority of the seeds in intact flowers resulted from self-fertilization.Conclusions – The findings show that under low pollinator availability, preanthesis autogamy is likely to be selectively advantageous as a reproductive assurance mechanism in a subalpine population of Prunella vulgaris.
Review: The epidemic of diabetic renal disease — the practical challenges for renal replacement programmes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diabetic patients represent the largest group requiring renal replacement therapy in the developed nations, although take-on rates in the UK still lag behind other countries. As a group, diabetic patients present specific challenges to those providing renal replacement, including disproportionate late referral and under-recognition of renal insufficiency, multiple co-morbidity, and issues relating to choice of dialysis modality and when dialysis should be started. This review explores these issues and argues that it is by concentrating on the pre-dialysis phase of care that clinicians are most likely to achieve a more favourable clinical outcome. In addition to the benefits of good blood pressure and diabetic control, time is needed to inform and educate the patient prior to dialysis, and to evaluate co-morbidity if transplantation is to be considered. To achieve this, patients require nephrological supervision in the context of a well-resourced, multidisciplinary pre-dialysis programme, commencing a minimum of one year before starting renal replacement therapy.
Surgical significance of persistent cholecystohepatic ducts.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Anatomical variations of the biliary tract occur frequently enough so as to worry the general surgeon dealing with this problem. Generally speaking, these anatomical variations are not identified prior to surgery. Anomalous drainage of the common hepatic duct into the gall bladder was identified while performing a cholecystectomy. The common bile duct proximal to the cystic duct was atretic. The problem described above was successfully managed by hepatico-jejunostomy.
Additional file 3 of Pro-myogenic small molecules revealed by a chemical screen on primary muscle stem cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Additional file 3: Supplementary Figure 3. (A) eMHC stain (green) is specific to regenerating myofibers in injured muscle. Tibialis anterior muscle was stained for laminin and eMHC after cardiotoxin injury (Injured) or no treatment control (Contralateral) and regenenerating eMHC+ fibers were identified (inset). Scale bar indicates 500μm. (B) Frequency distribution of cross-sectional areas of individual eMHC+ regenerating myofibers in mice treated with vehicle or 10mg/kg CEP-701. ***p<0.001 by an unpaired two-tailed t test assuming unequal variance. (C) Quantification of the fold change in fibro-adipogenic precursor cells (FAPs) in regenerating muscle following treatment with CEP-701. TA muscle was damaged with CTX and animals were treated subcutaneously, twice a day with vehicle or 10mg/kg CEP-701. SCA1+ FAPs were isolated by FACS and quantified as a percentage of the total calcein AM+/propidium iodide- live cells. Error bars indicate SEM from 7 independent experiments. **p < 0.01 by an unpaired two-tailed t test assuming unequal variance. (D) Quantification of the fold change in blood-lineage/immune cells in regenerating muscle following treatment with CEP-701. TA muscle was damaged with CTX and animals were treated subcutaneously, twice a day with vehicle or 10mg/kg CEP-701. CD11b+, TER119+ and CD45+ blood lineage cells were isolated in aggregate by FACS and quantified as a percentage of the total calcein AM+/propidium iodide- live cells. Error bars indicate SEM from 7 independent experiments. **p < 0.01 by an unpaired two-tailed t test assuming unequal variance.
Clinical Test Comparison for Improved Diagnosis of Mucormycosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Mucormycosis is a rapidly progressive and invasive fungal infection caused by members of the order Mucorales. Proper treatment relies on a timely diagnosis. However, traditional fungal culture takes several days to weeks and has low sensitivity for recovering Mucorales, as these organisms are sensitive to specimen preparation, including tissue homogenization, and low storage temperatures. More rapid and sensitive diagnostic methods are needed to promptly detect infection. Our laboratory previously developed a real-time PCR assay that detects the most common genera associated with mucormycosis to help improve diagnosis. The assay was analytically validated for a variety of specimen types including serum, tissue (both fresh and FFPE), respiratory secretions and body fluids. Little is known about the agreement between our laboratory developed PCR and other detection methods such as culture or sequencing. We reviewed 6 years of laboratory data to assess overall PCR positivity rate, positivity rate across sample types, and agreement with culture and/or pan-fungal sequencing. We also calculated turnaround time to results to gauge the diagnostic value of Mucorales PCR. Test comparisons with fungal culture and/or pan-fungal sequencing were performed if testing was ordered within 30 days of each other. In our study, we reviewed 3,804 total PCR orders for 2,195 patients. The overall positivity rate of Mucorales PCR orders was 3.81% and varied among different sample types, with fresh tissue and body fluid having the highest positivity rates (18.11% total tissue (33.3% lung tissue) and 10.94% all body fluid (12.5% pleural fluid)) and sputum and CSF having the lowest positivity rates (&lt;1% positivity for both). In a cohort of 428 patients with fungal culture and/or sequencing also performed, 29 patients tested positive for Mucorales by at least one method. PCR detected Mucorales on average 7.83 days sooner than fungal culture (average time to positive result: 3.65 vs. 11.47 days). In patients with culture- or sequencing-confirmed Mucorales infection, PCR had a 100% agreement when comparing shared samples from the same source and collection time. Mucorales PCR was also able to detect infection in 10 (34.5%) other patients who were culture-negative for Mucorales. Our findings suggest that PCR could be a valuable diagnostic tool for suspected mucormycosis, especially tissue invasive disease. PCR increased case detection by 34.5% with a faster turnaround time than culture with lesser cost than sequencing. The main limitation of our study was lack of access to patient information to assess pretest probability of Mucormycosis.
A Multi-lingual Annotated Dataset for Aspect-Oriented Opinion Mining

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present the Trip-MAML dataset, a Multi-Lingual dataset of hotel reviews that have been manually annotated at the sentence-level with Multi-Aspect senti-ment labels. This dataset has been built as an extension of an existent English-only dataset, adding documents written in Ital-ian and Spanish. We detail the dataset construction process, covering the data gathering, selection, and annotation. We present inter-annotator agreement figures and baseline experimental results, compar-ing the three languages. Trip-MAML is a multi-lingual dataset for aspect-oriented opinion mining that enables researchers (i) to face the problem on languages other than English and (ii) to the experiment the application of cross-lingual learning meth-ods to the task. 1
MUSEnet: High Temporal-Frequency Estimation of Landslide Deformation Field Through Joint InSAR and Hydrological Observations Using Deep Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Three Gorges hydropower station in China creates a large reservoir by diverting water from the Yangtze River, increasing the risk of geological disasters, especially massive landslides along the reservoir shoreline. To mitigate these risks, improving geological monitoring and early warning systems is crucial. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is widely used to monitor reservoir bank landslides. However, its potential in early warning systems is limited due to temporal resolution constraints, preventing timely warnings. To address this, we propose integrating daily hydrological data (precipitation and water level observations) with historical InSAR deformation sequences using our deep learning-based multivariate united state estimation network, “MUSEnet.” This approach generates customized daily landslide deformation products for high-risk areas, greatly enhancing early warning capabilities by providing timely and accurate information on landslide occurrence and magnitude. We validated our method using 161 Sentinel-1 A images of the Xinpu landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. Through statistical analysis, we identified different degrees of influence from rainfall and reservoir water level on the deformation of the Xinpu landslide at various locations. Additionally, we observed distinct lag times between deformation and corresponding rainfall and reservoir water level events. By utilizing deep learning, our method estimates nonlinear states by considering hysteresis and intelligently accounts for the impact of rainfall and reservoir water level, resulting in more accurate estimations compared to traditional models.