jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Is Posttraumatic Epilepsy the Best Model of Posttraumatic Epilepsy?

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A Model of Posttraumatic Epilepsy Induced by Lateral Fluid-Percussion Brain Injury in Rats Kharatishvili I, Nissinen JP, McIntosh TK, Pitkänen A Neuroscience 2006;140:685–697 Although traumatic brain injury is a major cause of symptomatic epilepsy, the mechanism by which it leads to recurrent seizures is unknown. An animal model of posttraumatic epilepsy that reliably reproduces the clinical sequelae of human traumatic brain injury is essential to identify the molecular and cellular substrates of posttraumatic epileptogenesis, and perform preclinical screening of new antiepileptogenic compounds. We studied the electrophysiologic, behavioral, and structural features of posttraumatic epilepsy induced by severe, non-penetrating lateral fluid-percussion brain injury in rats. Data from two independent experiments indicated that 43% to 50% of injured animals developed epilepsy, with a latency period between 7 weeks to 1 year. Mean seizure frequency was 0.3 ± 0.2 seizures per day and mean seizure duration was 113 ± 46 s. Behavioral seizure severity increased over time in the majority of animals. Secondarily generalized seizures comprised an average of 66 ± 37% of all seizures. Mossy fiber sprouting was increased in the ipsilateral hippocampus of animals with posttraumatic epilepsy compared with those subjected to traumatic brain injury without epilepsy. Stereologic cell counts indicated a loss of dentate hilar neurons ipsilaterally following traumatic brain injury. Our data suggest that posttraumatic epilepsy occurs with a frequency of 40% to 50% after severe non-penetrating fluid-percussion brain injury in rats, and that the lateral fluid percussion model can serve as a clinically relevant tool for pathophysiologic and preclinical studies.
THE CROTON BUG IN QUEBEC PROVINCE

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

One morning last November I went to the Chaudiere Curve, to meet the train from Halifax, which had been delayed for some hours. I found two men in the waiting-room who had spent the night there. They complained that swarms oi black beetles had troubled them all night so that they courld not sleep. Upon my questioning the correctness of the statement, they said, “Well, here they are in all the cracks,” and they forthwith commenced to poke the creatures out'. The insects were numerous enough, but they were not beetles, nor were they black. They were specimens of the German Cockroach, Ectobia Germanica . I afterwards enquired of one of the railway employes as to the time of the first appearance of the insects. The man told me that he first noticed them in 1882. I asked if they had appeared anywhere else in the neighborhood. “Yes,” he answered, “in my own house last winter; but,” he added, “I am not there in the day time, so I left the windows open and froze them out.”
The Component Analysis of Penetration Sealer Materials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays, its more common of dispensing a topping material like concrete crystalline penetration sealer materials (CSM) onto the surface of a plastic substance such as concrete to extend its service life span by surface protections from outside breakthrough. Its known as the CSM may penetrate into the existing pores or possible cracks in such a way that it may form crystals to block the potential paths which provide breakthrough for any unknown materials. Even though all kinds of test data and researches have been reported to boast of its advantages in both theoretical technologies and application functions, to accept that as an agreed fact, namely the major components and those proportions have not been fully announced in public or research. This study employed various experiments, such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), to identify key components of CSM for developing another type of CSM so that its components could be open for the public. There are two types of commercial CSM adopted for the tests and then thru a series of discusses of test results the most possible components of CSM are proposed as a future reference of CSM related researches.
DOUBLE EFFECTS OF AN IRON DRUG IN INDUCTION OF MOUSE PLAGUE CAUSED BY AN ATTENUATED STRAIN

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The defense mechanism against plague infection in mice was correlated with transferrin or other iron-chelating proteins, since the resistance to infection was lowered by administration of iron drug (Blutal) . This conclusion was drawn from several experiments designed to see the outcome of infection caused by administration of an attenuated plague strain EV and Blutal in various route combinations.Ip administration of Blutal enhanced EV infection caused through any route leading to a fatal course similar to virulent infection. Sc administration of EV together with Blutal produced a particular type of infection, whose pathogenesis appeared to differ from others as demonstrated by characteristic distribution of EV organisms and histopathological pictures. Simple reticuloendothelial blockade with carbon particles did not produce plague infection with EV by any route combination.
ERIC ED093421: Master Plan for the City Colleges of Chicago.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This Master Plan for the City Colleges of Chicago outlines their goals for the latter half of the 1970's. Thirty-two recommendations are made concerning six goal areas: community and people, programs, instruction, facilities, finance, and organization. Among the recommendations are the following: (1) by 1980 the city colleges should aim to serve 120,000 students; (2) teams of instructional and supportive personnel must be developed; (3) efforts to develop a management information and budgeting system that focuses on cost effectiveness should be accelerated; and (4) faculty should be reorganized into program-based units. A history of the CCC from 1911-1973 is presented in three chapters. In the final chapter, the future of the CCC in the following areas is considered: the community orientation, the students, the educational programs, new instructional strategies, facilities, and financial support. Program costs and data on students and faculty are tabulated in an appendix. Three other attachments deal with the adoption of the Master Plan, CCC organization, and a longitudinal study of CCC transfer students. (KM)
International networking in the United Arab Emirates higher education system: global–local tensions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper provides a description of the international networking tensions involved in the recent development of a higher education system in the United Arab Emirates (UAE): a single context offering distinct and variable constructions of 'local' and 'global'. The paper explores contextualised associations of these concepts—or instances between localism and fundamentalism, focusing on pan‐Arab and Egyptian influences in the country as key to understanding the variable boundaries of these networks that support a relativist, situationally constructed reading of the 'global networking phenomenon'. Within this context, the paper also explores connections between higher education networking, collective identity and state governance; it offers a version of modernism in which nation‐state sovereignty and a networked society, facilitated in a range of ways by a uniquely outward‐looking approach to higher education, are integrally linked, and not dependant on the existence of such 'global' norms as constitutional democracy.
The Efficacy of Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator in the Treatment of Massive Pulmonary Embolism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We investigated the efficacy of thrombolytic therapy with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) from the standpoint of changes in hemodynamics and pulmonary oxygenation in 9 patients suffering from massive pulmonary embolism. Eight of the 9 patients presented with shock symptoms, and 4 of them required cardiopulmonary resuscitation. We immediately administered 20 million units of t-PA over the course of an hour. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR), central venous pressure (CVP), systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (SPAP), PaO2/FiO2 ratio (P/F ratio), cardiac index (CI) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were recorded before and after t-PA administration. After t-PA infusion, HR, SPAP, CI and PVR showed significant improvement, but SBP and CVP did not change significantly.The results demonstrated the rapid thrombolytic capability of t-PA, and as early as possible administration seemed crucial to saving the lives of patients with massive pulmonary embolism complicated by shock. Since t-PA infusion did save critically ill pulmonary embolism patients without any side effects, we believe that early thrombolytic therapy with t-PA is a life saving treatment for massive pulmonary embolism.
Systematic review and extended application of exercise therapy for scapulohumeral periarthritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Scapulohumeral periarthritis, commonly known as fifty shoulders, is a common shoulder joint movement disorder and one of the chronic degenerative diseases frequently occurring in middle-aged and elderly people. Patients all have pain around the shoulder joint, tenderness around the shoulder joint to varying degrees and limited shoulder joint movement. Scapulohumeral periarthritis generally includes three stages: freezing, frozen and thawing. After the attack, it has a significant negative impact on patients lives. At present, the clinical treatment of scapulohumeral periarthritis mainly chooses conservative treatment to restore the joint range of motion, improve muscle strength and relieve pain. Exercise therapy has unique therapeutic characteristics and advantages, obvious effect, small side effects and high compliance of patients. In recent years, it has gradually aroused peoples awareness.This article will review the related literatures in recent years, integrate the corresponding exercise therapy in different stages of scapulohumeral periarthritis, and further expand the discussion on the curative effect of some interesting exercises on scapulohumeral periarthritis rehabilitation for reference.
The untapped potential of sustainable domestic tourism in Iran

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The majority of tourism literature focuses on international tourism; however, domestic tourism for specific destinations, such as Iran, can contribute to job creation, heritage protection, regional integration, and cross-cultural understanding. The market for domestic tourism in Iran has been downplayed and its true value has been underutilized. This study assumes that the present apathy towards tourism is reinforced by the public sector’s lack of decisive governance towards the tourism industry where the public sector “can best act to mediate contemporary tourism-related social, economic, political and environmental policy problems” (Hall, 2011, p. 439). Drawing on “culture-ideology of consumerism” and “ecological economics” theories, study revealed that critiques of international mass tourism have convincing argument that domestic tourism is a domestic investment with a sustainable agenda.
Quantifying consistency of crop establishment using a lightweight U-Net deep learning architecture and image processing techniques

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Consistency of crop establishment is a measure of uniformity of crop attributes, such as plant stand count, crop emergence rate, and plant spacing across the field. Quantifying consistency during the early crop growth stage is important for establishment decisions to use targeted nutrients and to facilitate timely replanting in inconsistent crop regions. Crop consistency can be analysed using two key parameters: plant stand count and spacing statistics since they provide insight into plant density and its emergence percentage. However, manual assessment of them is time-consuming, prone to errors, and labour-intensive in large fields. An alternative method is proposed to automate estimating these parameters using field imagery under uncontrolled settings. We use the YOLOv5-based object detection model for plant counting, which attains a mean average precision of 0.956 to detect Canola plants. A Lightweight U-Net model is proposed to segment rows, followed by Guo–Hall thinning and Probabilistic Hough Transform to determine inter-row and inter-plant spacing. Our proposed row segmentation model achieves a mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) of 0.8444 with class-wise IoU of 0.9925 and 0.6963 for background and crop using fewer parameters. The new architecture uses only 14M parameters and achieves performance comparable to the state-of-the-art U-Net (32.5M) and SegNet (29M).
SH3404110.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Chlorophyll fluorescence for rapid detection of propanil-resistant barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Repeated use of propanil to control barnyardgrass (BYG) and other weeds in rice has led to the development of propanil-resistant barnyardgrass (R-BYG). R-BYG possesses elevated aryl acylamidase activity levels, which cause rapid metabolism of propanil analogous to propanil degradation in rice. The current screening method for determining propanil resistance in BYG requires about 10 mo. The present study examined the use of chlorophyll fluorescence as a more rapid method to identify propanil resistance in BYG soon after it is suspected. Chlorophyll fluorescence data from excised BYG leaf tissue (R-BYG and susceptible-BYG [S-BYG]; 13- to 41-d-old) exposed to 100 μM propanil for 2 h indicated a 95 to 100% inhibition of electron transport (photosynthesis inhibition) in both R- and S-BYG. However, when incubated in water in the dark for 22 h after the initial 2-h treatment, metabolism in R-BYG was sufficient to reduce levels of absorbed propanil and facilitate recovery. Lack of metabolism of propanil prevented recovery in S-BYG, thus allowing the two biotypes to be distinguished easily by the chlorophyll fluorescence assay. Further studies using this 2-h exposure to 100 μM propanil followed by a 22-h recovery period evaluated several assay parameters. A longer recovery time and the effects of various propanil concentrations were also evaluated. A herbicide dose-response curve showed the greatest difference in photosynthesis inhibition for both biotypes at about 100 μM propanil, but both biotypes were inhibited > 95% when treated with 400 μM propanil. Inhibition of photosynthesis in both biotypes was greatest when the recovery incubation temperature was 35 C compared to 20, 25, and 30 C. Fluorescence data from harvested tissue stored moist in plastic bags at 23 C (to simulate shipment) showed that biotypes could be differentiated even when received as late as 4 d after harvest. Thus, samples can be harvested from the field soon after propanil failure and resistance or susceptibility to propanil determined after only a few days. This technique can greatly reduce the time, space, and labor currently required to determine propanil resistance in BYG.
Flat epithelial atypia of the breast.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

"Flat epithelial atypia" is the adopted term by the WHO working group on breast tumor referring to an early neoplastic breast lesion affecting the terminal duct-lobular units. Pathologists have described this lesion under a variety of names including columnar cell lesions and low-grade clinging carcinoma in situ. It is usually encountered on breast biopsies performed for mammographically-identified microcalcifications. Because of its relatively frequent association with carcinomas, its recognition in biopsy specimens is important. This review will focus on the histopathologic features, differential diagnosis, biologic potential, clinical significance and management of this lesion.
Incidental diagnosis of primary appendiceal signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma after appendectomy for acute appendicitis: a case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Appendiceal signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma (ASCA) is rare and more aggressive in malignant appendiceal neoplasms. The presentation can be appendicitis, which is lack of specific symptom and makes early diagnosis difficult. There is no effective surveillance. Prognosis largely relies on timely detection. We report a case of ASCA incidentally diagnosed through pathological examination after appendectomy for appendicitis. Case presentation: The patient presented to our department with a progressive right lower quadrant abdominal pain lasting for 3 days. Physical examination revealed rigidity, tenderness, and rebound tenderness on the right lower quadrant. A computed tomography scan showed a thickened, inflamed appendix with peri-appendiceal fat stranding without noticeable appendiceal mass at initial evaluation. The diagnosis was considered acute appendicitis, and an appendectomy was performed. The appendix was inflamed, gangrenous and perforated, and no mass was found during the surgery. Surgical specimen was sent for physiological examination, which incidentally detected signet-ring cell in H&E staining. And immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of ASCA with small amount of neuroendocrine neoplasms. Conclusion: Early diagnosis of ASCA can incidentally be made on pathological specimen following appendectomy for appendicitis. A routine pathological examination should be emphasized, and appendectomy may not be the endpoint of the treatment. Hemicolectomy and adjuvant therapy might ensue upon the diagnosis of appendiceal neoplasm. The poor prognosis of ASCA makes a timely diagnosis significant. Basic research is promising to unravel the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis, finding typical tumor markers for screening and novel effective therapies for advanced cases.
Military Geospatial Profiling Analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

One of the most utilised premeditated terrorist weapons of choice in conflict areas is the Improvised Explosive Device (IED). Sustained casualties create the need for knowledge of defeating such incidents. This paper describes a new empirical multidisciplinary research approach that integrates 3 sciences: Geography, Criminology, Psychology. It uses Mathematics to model enemy behaviour from a geo-spatial point of view. The approach incorporates the physical environment and its impact on the psychology (why) and execution (how) of a premeditated crime and can be used for all serial incidents that are governed by human behaviour.
Formal Modeling and Analysis of Fairness Characterization of E-Commerce Protocols

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the past, fairness verification of exchanges between the traders in E-commerce was based on a common assumption, so-called nonrepudiation property, which says that if the parties involved can deny that they have received or sent some information, then the exchanging protocol is unfair. So, the nonrepudiation property is not a sufficient condition. In this paper, we formulate a new notion of fairness verification based on the strand space model and propose a method for fairness verification, which can potentially determine whether evidences have been forged in transactions. We first present an innovative formal approach not to depend on nonrepudiation, and then establish a relative trader model and extend the strand space model in accordance with traders’ behaviors of E-commerce. We present a case study to demonstrate the effectiveness of our verification method.
A Problem in Chiehyunn Chinese

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Although most rimes in the Chiehyunn have only one set of finals for either the herkoou or the kaikoou (that is, with or without lip-rounding), there are some exceptions. Apart from the problematical doublets in the 3rd and 4th grades of some rimes (the so-called chorngneou ), which are not strictly distinguished by final, the chief exceptions are the rimes with both ‘1st grade’ and ‘mixed 3rd grade’ finals (e.g. the rime-set) and the rimes with both ‘2nd grade’ and ‘mixed 3rd grade’ finals. This paper will deal with the latter only.
Bubble Behaviors of Large Cohesive Particles in a 2D Fluidized Bed

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Fluidization hydrodynamics is greatly influenced by interparticle cohesive forces. In this paper, we study the bubbling behaviors of cohesive Geldart B particles in a 2D fluidized bed, using the "polymer coating" approach to introduce cohesive force. The effect of cohesive force on bubbles can be differentiated into two regimes: (i) by increasing the cohesive force within a low level, the bubble number increases, while the bubble fraction and bubble diameter decrease; (ii) when the force is large enough to cause the particles to adhere to the side walls of the bed, the bubble numbers and the bed expansion sharply decrease. With the increasing cohesive force, the bubble shape changes from roughly circular shape, to oblong shape, leading to the "short pass" of fluidizing gas through the bed. Finally, we analyzed the switching frequency and standard deviation of local pixel values to characterize the bubble dynamics.