jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ovarian tumour: ovarian pregnancy. Diagnosis and management.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An ovarian mass in a premenopausal patient has many differential diagnoses. In young patients the mass is most likely to be benign. Sometimes patients with an abdominal mass will present as acute abdomen. If the patients have an IUD and a positive test for serum HCG, an ectopic ovarian pregnancy has to be suspected. However one also has to take into consideration the possibility of an ovarian germ cell tumour. The latter occurs in young patients, presents as an ovarian mass and can produce HCG. The preoperative and even intraoperative diagnosis are difficult. In these cases where there is a suspected ovarian mass and no clear diagnosis a laparoscopic approach should be considered. Patients with an ovarian pregnancy have a good prognosis for future fertility and therefore conservative surgical management is advocated. The approach and treatment modalities of an ovarian pregnancy are discussed.
Syphilis: an atypical case of sepsis and multiple anogenital lesions in secondary syphilis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The incidence of syphilis has historically been cyclical in nature, often in relation to the rise and fall of public health initiatives directed toward eradication along with social attitudes toward sexual practices. The incidence of syphilis has increased by 15% in the last 6 years in the United States, with similar increases worldwide. Herein, we present an atypical case of syphilis presenting with severe septic shock and multiple anogenital lesions in an immunocompetent host. A 22-year-old male with no significant past medical history presented with fevers, chills, sore throat, diaphoresis, and diarrhea. He was febrile, tachycardic, hypotensive, and unresponsive to fluid resuscitation requiring short-term vasopressor support. Physical exam revealed diffuse lymphadenopathy; lower extremity macular rash involving the soles of the feet; papular non-pustular lesions on the scrotum; and a 0.5 cm non-tender irregular, healing lesion on the shaft of the penis. Laboratory analysis was significant for leukocytosis and elevated creatinine. Serum screening rapid plasma reagin was positive, and further testing revealed a titer of 1:32, with confirmation via fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test. The patient was diagnosed with secondary syphilis, which was determined to be the underlying etiology of the sepsis as all other serological evaluations were negative. He was treated with penicillin G benzathine 2.4 million units intramuscular and supportive management, with improvement of symptoms. The patient engaged in high-risk sexual behaviors, including prior unprotected sexual contact with males. New research indicates that up to one-third of patients may present with atypical cutaneous manifestations, as demonstrated by this patient. It is important for physicians to familiarize themselves with the varied clinical presentations of syphilis, which include multiple anogenital lesions and tender primary lesions in primary or secondary syphilis.
Mechanically pattern reconfigurable antenna using metasurface

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A radiation pattern reconfigurable antenna designed using metasurface (MS) is proposed in this study. The pattern reconfigurable metasurfaced (PaRMS) antenna is composed of a planar semi‐circular MS placed directly atop of a planar circular patch antenna with a diameter of 70 mm (1.2 λ 0 ), making it compact and low profile. The main‐beam direction of the antenna has an angle of 32° from the boresight direction. By rotating the MS around the centre of the patch antenna, the antenna beam can be steered continuously. The PaRMS antenna is studied and designed to operate at around 5.5 GHz. To verify the results of simulation, the PaRMS antenna is fabricated and measured. Results show that the antenna has an operating bandwidth from 5.4 to 5.6 GHz and measured peak realised gain of 7.2 dBi.
Single-center experience of intraoperative ligation of the splenic artery for prevention of splenic artery steal syndrome in patients after living donor liver transplant

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background. Living donor liver transplant is an effective method of treatment in patients with different types of endstage liver diseases. Unfortunately, patients undergoing such a complex treatment sometimes develop various vascular complications. Splenic artery steal syndrome has emerged as a cause of graft ischemia in living donor liver transplant recipients and may lead to high liver enzyme levels, cholestasis, hepatic artery thrombosis, and even a graft loss in some severe cases. Objective. Evaluation of the first results in the experience of our center with a routine intraoperative ligation of the splenic artery during the procedure of right lobe living donor liver transplantation in adult recipients for the prevention of the steal syndrome development in the postoperative period. Material and methods. Living donor liver transplant recipients with known hepatic arterial flow impairment were retrospectively studied. Patients were allocated into groups with regard whether the splenic artery had been ligated or not during the transplant procedure. Arterial complications were reviewed in both groups. Results. None of 30 patients with ligated splenic artery developed splenic artery steal syndrome after living donor liver transplant. splenic artery steal syndrome occurred in 60% patients with non-ligated splenic artery. Surgical technique of performing arterial anastomosis was not related to the splenic artery steal syndrome development (p<0.01 There was no local ischemic necrosis noted in the spleen in patients with the ligated splenic artery. Conclusion. Based on the analysis of our own experience and literature data, the splenic artery ligation appears to be an effective and safe method for preventing a splenic artery steal syndrome in patients following right lobe liver transplantation, with a minimal risk of ischemic complications for the spleen. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to obtain more reliable results. Ultrasound examination and endovascular intervention are the primary tools for an early detection of abnormalities and rapid restoration of arterial blood flow in the hepatic artery of the graft.
PROSTHETICS, ORTHOTICS, DEVICES Gait Analysis of Transfemoral Amputee Patients Using Prostheses With Two Different Knee Joints

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Boonstra AM, Schrama JM, Eisma WH, Hof AL, Fidler V. Gait analysis of transfemoral amputee patients using prostheses with two different knee joints. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1996;77:515-20. Objective: To evaluate the gait of transfemoral amputee pa- tients using a prosthesis with a 4-bar linkage knee joint with either a mechanical swing phase control (Otto Bock 3R20) or a pneumatic swing phase control (Tehlin knee). Design: Randomized cross-over trial. Setting: Rehabilitation Department of a university hospital in The Netherlands. Patients: Twenty-eight subjects with unilateral transfemoral amputation for reasons other than chronic vascular disease; ages between 16 and 65 years and familiar with the use of the Otto Bock 3R20 knee. Selection procedure: a consecutive sample. Intervention: The Otto Bock 3R20 was used by the subjects before they entered the study. The patients changed to the Tehlin knee at random either after 1 or 2 assessments with the Otto Bock 3R20.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Quantitative analysis of population-scale family trees with millions of relatives.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Family trees have vast applications in fields as diverse as genetics, anthropology, and economics. However, the collection of extended family trees is tedious and usually relies on resources with limited geographical scope and complex data usage restrictions. We collected 86 million profiles from publicly available online data shared by genealogy enthusiasts. After extensive cleaning and validation, we obtained population-scale family trees, including a single pedigree of 13 million individuals. We leveraged the data to partition the genetic architecture of human longevity and to provide insights into the geographical dispersion of families. We also report a simple digital procedure to overlay other data sets with our resource.Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. PMID: 29496957 Funding information This work was supported by: NHGRI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R03 HG006731 NIMH NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 MH101244
Robust Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on Rolling Electrification and Electrostatic Induction at an Instantaneous Energy Conversion Efficiency of ∼55%

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In comparison to in-pane sliding friction, rolling friction not only is likely to consume less mechanical energy but also presents high robustness with minimized wearing of materials. In this work, we introduce a highly efficient approach for harvesting mechanical energy based on rolling electrification and electrostatic induction, aiming at improving the energy conversion efficiency and device durability. The rolling triboelectric nanogenerator is composed of multiple steel rods sandwiched by two fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) thin films. The rolling motion of the steel rods between the FEP thin films introduces triboelectric charges on both surfaces and leads to the change of potential difference between each pair of electrodes on back of the FEP layer, which drives the electrons to flow in the external load. As power generators, each pair of output terminals works independently and delivers an open-circuit voltage of 425 V, and a short-circuit current density of 5 mA/m(2). The two output terminals can also be integrated to achieve an overall power density of up to 1.6 W/m(2). The impacts of variable structural factors were investigated for optimization of the output performance, and other prototypes based on rolling balls were developed to accommodate different types of mechanical energy sources. Owing to the low frictional coefficient of the rolling motion, an instantaneous energy conversion efficiency of up to 55% was demonstrated and the high durability of the device was confirmed. This work presents a substantial advancement of the triboelectric nanogenerators toward large-scope energy harvesting and self-powered systems.
Abundance and diversity of soil mites of fragmented habitats in a biosphere reserve in Southern Nigeria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Soil samples were collected from the top 7.5 cm of soil in a Strict Natural Reserve (SNR), a surrounding buffer zone, a cassava farm and matured plantations of Gmelina, teak, and pine, so as to determine if plantation establishment and intensive cultivation affect the density and diversity of soil mites. Altogether, 41 taxonomic groups of mites were identified. The diversity and densities of mites in within the SNR, the buffer zone and the Gmelina were more than the diversity and densities in the cassava farm, teak and pine plantations. Each plantation had its own unique community structure which was different from the community structure in the SNR plot. The SNR plot and Gmelina were dominated by detritivorous cryptostigmatid mites unlike teak and pine which were dominated by predatory mesostigmatid and prostigmatid mites respectively. Low cryptostigmatid mite densities in the plantations and cassava farm were seen as a consequence of low fertility status of the soil, the evidence of which was revealed by soil pH and organic matter data.
USING MACHINE LEARNING TO PREDICT THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PET FIBER-REINFORCED CONCRETE

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Fiber-reinforced concrete enhances structural integrity by improving post-cracking behavior and ductility, yet traditional fibers can be costly and have a significant environmental impact. Recently, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber, derived from recycled plastic bottles, has been used as a reinforcing material in concrete to enhance its mechanical properties. Utilizing advanced machine learning algorithms, this research analyzes a comprehensive dataset collected from existing literature on the mechanical properties of PET fiber-reinforced concrete (PFRC), including concrete density, water-to-binder ratio, fine and coarse aggregates, and fiber parameters such as volume fraction and aspect ratio of PET fibers. Through the application of Polynomial Regression, Exponential Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), and Cubic Support Vector Machine (SVM) models, the study effectively predicts PFRC’s mechanical behavior, showcasing high R² values indicating the models’ predictive strength: 0.93 for compressive, 0.92 for flexural, and 0.92 for tensile properties. This investigation highlights the exceptional accuracy of Exponential GPR and Cubic SVM models in capturing complex, non-linear relationships within the material, demonstrating machine learning’s capability to advance the sustainable development of construction materials. This study provides significant insights into optimizing the use of recycled fibers for concrete reinforcement.
Fabrication of metal/oxide/fluorographene/oxide/silicon capacitors and their charge trapping properties

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Graphene is well-known as a material with extremely high carrier mobility, although its electrical properties can be changed into those of a highly insulating thin film by a fluorination treatment (fluorographene). Taking advantage of this property, a flexible nonvolatile memory using fluorographene as a charge trapping layer has been proposed. However, the mechanism of charge trapping on fluorographene is not yet fully understood. In this paper, we fabricated fluorographene and analyzed it by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) capacitors inserted with fluorographene were fabricated and evaluated electrically. As a result, a large flat-band voltage shift was observed even though the fluorine concentration (C–F bonding ratio) was saturated at around 14%. Furthermore, the charge centroid of the MIS capacitor with fluorographene coincides with the location of the fluorographene. These results indicate that fluorographene can capture injected charges and is a candidate for use in nonvolatile memory with two-dimensional materials.
The impact of labour legislations on employment relation in Mauritius

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Employment Relation as we know today is very different compared to periods as far as early 1960s. Employment Relations formerly known as Industrial Relations underwent many considerable changes due to the introduction of labour legislations. Labour legislations have undoubtedly shaped the systems and redefined the mechanisms in the industry system. Not much work has been conducted on the evolution of the legal framework in employment relation which is important to understand the evolution of industrial revolution in Mauritius.This dissertation purports to probe into the impacts upon employee relations that labour legislations have brought into over the years. Mauritius is being faced with a series of socio-economic problems that urged the necessity to take bold actions to keep them at bay. With a view to curb all these threats, the Government went on in reforming the labour market and its system. In the first Budget Speech 2006/2007, the current regime announced new legislations framework namely the Employment Relation Act and the Employment Rights Act replacing old laws Industrial Relation Act 1973 and the Labour Act 1975 having a direct impact on the labour market.
[The Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome in children].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome is extremely rare disease in children. The first case an 11-year-old boy presenting meningeal signs with liquor pleocytosis, bilateral swelling of optics disc, anterior uveitis and yellow-white multifocal well circumscribed lesions of chorioidea et retina has been documented by means photographs. These spots and anterior uveitis with together cephalea and grand mal paroxismus were symptoms of second case an 9-year-old boy. Disease demonstrated a decreased number of T-lymphocytes in the periferal blood of both patients. Treatment with corticosteroids was successful.
A study of redox enzymes in Sulfolobus solfataricus and their potential use in bio-sensors

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In the characterization of many diseases, the tissues involved tend to have different chemical compositions when compared to those of normal tissues. For example, in certain types of cancer, metabolites or small peptides may be overproduced by the cancerous cells. If this difference can be measured, using bio-sensor technology, early on in disease progression and development, it may mean the difference between life and death for the patient suffering from the disease. Because of their substrate specificities and chemical recognition properties, Redox enzymes make ideal test subjects for studying the potential of enzymes for use in bio-sensing equipment. In this research, a target set of redox enzymes was cloned from the hyperthermophilic organism, Sulfolobus solfataricus. Many of the cloned enzymes were expressed and purified, so that biophysical characterizations, kinetic enzyme assays, and crystallization trials can be performed in the future.
Evaluating the risk factors that link obesity and dental caries in 11–17-year-old school going children in the United Arab Emirates

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective is to study the effect of obesity on dental caries among schoolchildren in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Materials and Methods: The sample comprised 803, 11–17-year-old schoolchildren. The study was in the form of a randomized cross-sectional manner. Method used was two questioners. The first assessed socioeconomic and general health and the second detailed their demographic, oral hygiene, and dietary habits. Dental examination included dental caries assessment using the World Health Organization 1997 criteria and gingival health valuation. Clinical examination consisted of height, weight, and body mass index (BMI). Data analysis was done by descriptive, univariate, and multiple regressions. Results: In this sample, 75% had dental caries and the mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) was 3.19 (standard deviation: 2.9). Obesity was seen in 15% of the adolescents and the mean BMI was 21. The link between DMFT and BMI, when evaluated using univariate analysis, showed a significant correlation (r = 0.097, P = 0.006), indicating that the rise in BMI by 10 points resulted in an increase in DMFT by 0.57. However, in the multivariate analysis, a significant relationship was observed only between father's education (P < 0.001), adolescent's age (P < 0.001), gender (P = 0.008), ethnicity (P = 0.001), and soft drink consumption with DMFT while BMI showed a significant association with age (P < 0.001), school fees (P = 0.005), obesity in family (P < 0.001), and soft drink consumption (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Obesity and dental caries were not significantly associated. The most important predictor for obesity and dental caries was soft drink consumption.
Retail Packaging Affects Colour, Water Holding Capacity, Texture and Oxidation of Sheep Meat more than Breed and Finishing Feed

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study investigated the CIELab colour, water holding capacity, texture and oxidative stability of sheep meat from different breeds, finishing feeds, and retail packaging methods. Leg primal cuts from a subset of Composite wether lambs (n = 21) and Merino wether yearlings (n = 21) finished on a standard diet containing grain and cereal hay, a standard diet with camelina forage, or a standard diet with camelina meal, were used in this study. Semimembranosus and Vastus lateralis were packaged in vacuum skin packaging (VSP), or modified atmosphere packaging with 80% O2 and 20% CO2 (HioxMAP), or with 50% O2, 30% N2, and 20% CO2 (TrigasMAP). Packaging had a greater effect (p < 0.001) on L*, a*, b*, hue, and chroma than the effects from breed and finishing feed. Purge loss was affected by packaging. Cooking loss was affected by breed for Semimembranosus and packaging for both muscle types. HioxMAP and TrigasMAP increased WBSF and Texture Profile Analysis hardness of the meat compared to VSP. Lipid oxidation, assessed by TBARS, were lower in camelina forage or camelina meal supplemented diets and TrigasMAP compared to standard diet and HioxMAP, respectively. Total carbonyl and free thiol content were lower in VSP. Thus, supplementing feed with camelina forage or meal and lowering oxygen content in retail packaging by TrigasMAP or VSP are recommended to ensure optimal sheep meat quality.
EVALUATION OF ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF A 3-EXTRACT FORMULATION IN TOPICAL DOSAGE FORM AND ITS SAFETY ASPECT

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>ABSTRACT<br />Objective: To determine the combination of extract of Rosmarinus officinalis leaves, Zingiber officinale rhizome, and Curcuma xanthorrhiza rhizome in<br />2 form topical preparations, cream, and ointment, through in situ study, as well as to evaluate safety aspect of both cream and ointment.<br />Methods: Irritation skin and eye test were performed according to OECD guideline. Rabbits were also used as an object of the in situ study. A suspension<br />of Trichophyton mentagrophytes was injected through the skin on both sides of rabbit’s back to induce dermatophytosis. Throughout the treatment<br />period, topical preparation was applied to the infected site until the wound was fully recovered.<br />Results: There was no significant irritation effect on both topical dosage forms. However, an incidence of redness was observed in the skin applied<br />by cream. Healing rate of extract in ointment.<br />Conclusion: Combination of the corresponding extract showed antifungal activity and was comparable to that of ketoconazole as a reference drug.<br />Keywords: Rosmarinus officinalis leaves, Zingiber officinale rhizome, Curcuma xanthorrhiza rhizome, In situ, Irritation.</p>
Sailing as a Recreative Activity and its Relationship with Life Satisfaction

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Each day the number of individuals wishing for sports, challenges, nature, and wetland is going up, which increases the individual's recreative activities. It is seen that -especially- sailing organizations are paid more attention and also there have been a number of competitions scheduled recently. In this study, it is researched what attitudes individuals have towards sailing and how sailing affects lives of those who participated in the sailing organizations in Çanakkale, Bozcaada. In accordance with these purposes, interviews were conducted with the 15 sailors who participated in the 2019 Naval Forces Cup Sailing Competition on Bozcaada. As a result of the research, it is observed that sailing takes very important role in individuals’ life that helps them to socialize, let them challenge the nature and to overcome the issues in their life.