jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
NFLUX Satellite-Based Surface Radiative Heat Fluxes. Part I: Swath-Level Products

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) ocean surface flux (NFLUX) system originally provided operational near-real-time satellite-based surface state parameter and turbulent heat flux fields over the global ocean. This study extends the NFLUX system to include the production of swath-level shortwave and longwave radiative heat fluxes at the ocean surface. A companion paper presents the production of the satellite-based global gridded radiative heat flux analysis fields. The swath-level radiative heat fluxes are produced using the Rapid Radiative Transfer Model for Global Circulation Models (RRTMG), with the primary inputs of satellite-derived atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles and cloud information retrieved from the Microwave Integrated Retrieval System (MIRS). This study uses MIRS data provided for six polar-orbiting satellite platforms. Additional inputs to the RRTMG include sea surface temperature, aerosol optical depths, atmospheric gas concentrations, ocean surface albedo, and ocean surface emissivity. Swath-level shortwave flux estimates are converted into clearness index values, which are used in data assimilation because the clearness index values are less dependent on the solar zenith angle. The NFLUX swath-level shortwave flux, longwave flux, and clearness index estimates are produced for 1 May 2013–30 April 2014 and validated against observations from research vessel and moored buoy platforms. Each of the flux parameters compares well among the various satellites.
Prevalence of canine babesiosis in dogs at and around Jabalpur (M.P.)

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Among 1500 dogs of different age, breed and sex overall prevalence of haemoprotozoa during August 2010 to January 2011 was observed in 10.67% cases and that of Babesia sp. in 6.93%. cases. Among the cases positive for Babesia sp. 15.38% were under 1 year age, 20.19% of 1–3 years age and 64.42% of more than 3 years age. It was observed that among the positive cases, 36.54% were males and 63.46% females. The study revealed that most of the positive cases (61.54%) were of hairy breeds. Among the dogs positive for Babesia sp. 25.96% were indoor and 74.04% were outdoor.
ANALYSIS OF HOP DRYER PERFORMANCE WITH PARTIAL THERMAL ENERGY RECOVERY

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Drying is an integral part of the technological process of commercial hop production. Depending on the production volume and the level of automation of the process, there are several ways to dry hop cones, including convective, microwave and sublimation. At the same time, dryers have different ratios of quality and productivity. Reducing energy costs for drying hops is an important area in the development of hop growing. In this regard, modernization and analysis of the productivity of hop dryers is a pressing issue in the current conditions of rising production costs. The aim of the research is to analyze the productivity of the MXS-25 hop dryer, modernized by installing a heat pump in the air circulation circuit and having adjustable heat recovery. The air temperature in the drying chamber was successfully controlled in the range of 60 ± 2 ° C. The preheating time required to achieve the air temperature was approximately 0.5 hours, which corresponds to approximately 5% of the total hop drying time. Comparison of the measured and calculated energy consumption values showed that the experimental values were in the range of 10.2 kWh to 11.5 kWh, averaging approximately 10.85 kWh during the experiment. Accordingly, the calculated values were in the range of 8.9 kWh and 10.2 kWh, averaging 9.55 kWh. A series of experiments comparing the drying performance using partial recovery showed that with an increase in the ambient temperature to 24 °C, the maximum relative moisture separation rate reached 6.23 kg/(kWh) with a bypass ratio of 0.86, which was higher than that of 5.54 kg/(kWh) for drying with full recovery. The partial heat recovery system is superior to the full recovery system in terms of energy efficiency and increased hop drying performance.
Pleiotropic effects of immobilized versus soluble recombinant HIV-1 Tat protein on CD3-mediated activation, induction of apoptosis, and HIV-1 long terminal repeat transactivation in purified CD4+ T lymphocytes.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract CD3 mAb and HIV-1 Tat protein co-immobilized on plastic were able to induce a strong proliferation of resting human CD4 T cells, cultured in a serum-free chemically defined medium. Blocking studies performed with heparin or peptides containing the RGD sequence demonstrated that the heparin-binding basic domain of Tat plays a predominant role in CD4+ T cell activation. Moreover, the enhanced proliferative response of CD4+ T cells to immobilized Tat appeared to be mediated by alpha 5, beta 1, and alpha v subunits of surface integrin receptors. In contrast, soluble Tat showed a dose-dependent inhibitory activity on the proliferative response of resting CD4+ T cells stimulated by CD3 mAb co-immobilized with Tat or fibronectin, but not with CD28 mAb. In transient transfection assays performed with an HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR)-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) plasmid CD3 mAb co-immobilized with Tat or fibronectin or CD28 mAb significantly stimulated CAT activity over the background. On the other hand, while immobilized Tat alone had no effects on LTR transactivation, soluble Tat was able to transactivate LTR-CAT in a dose-dependent manner. When CD4+ T cells activated by CD3 mAb co-immobilized with Tat were recovered, cultured for 7 days with 25 U/ml recombinant IL-2, and given an additional activation signal by recross-linking CD3 mAb, a marked increase of apoptosis was observed with respect to cells not subjected to CD3 mAb recross-linking. While co-immobilized Tat plus CD3 mAb did not show any significant effect on activation-induced cell death, high concentrations of soluble Tat synergized with immobilized CD3 mAb in the induction of apoptosis.
Birmingham Intervention Tent Technique (BITT): A Technical Note

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective We describe a novel and safe CT biopsy technique that we have termed the “Birmingham intervention tent technique (BITT).” This technique is ideal for biopsying osseous lesions where a direct approach is not possible due to difficult positioning. Methods The BITT uses a plastic surgical forceps clamp attached at an angle to the biopsy needle, creating a tent shape. The finger rings of the forceps is stabilized on the table. Results In our institution, we have already used the BITT successfully in over 10 cases. Conclusion The BITT is an inexpensive and reproducible technique.
Traffic accident causation and its evaluation

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research was undertaken to find out the basic causes of accidents from accident records. For this program, the accident records of Carling Avenue of the City of Ottawa were examined as a sample. This examination revealed that the lack of good accident reporting criteria and incomplete information are responsible for not having a clear idea of the basic causes of accidents. A table of information is suggested which must be available for better understanding of accident causes. An accident reporting form is also suggested as the present accident reporting form is not adequate to evaluate and treat accident causation. The theory of a control chart method for finding the accident causative factors in terms ofaandberrors is suggested. Finally, suggestions are made with respect to further investigation into the accident causation.
Entrepreneurial community in Kansas City: From fragmented to collaborative?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A small set of metropolitan areas in the United States can be considered second-tier life sciences or technology regions. Kansas City is such an emerging second-tier region. The Kansas City metropolitan area was able to grow a small but specialized knowledge economy because of the presence of large firms and subsequent efforts to strengthen entrepreneurship. This paper presents data from twenty interviews conducted in the summer of 2012 with regional experts, venture capitalists, and entrepreneurs who have successfully raised risk capital.The analysis of Kansas City’s entrepreneurial community shows, first, that large firms’ role as incubators of entrepreneurial startup companies seems to have diminished, and that there are weak connections between existing large firms and entrepreneurial ventures. Second, entrepreneurial exits in the form of mergers and acquisitions have increased and a small number of cashed-out entrepreneurs are reinvesting their funds and becoming engaged. Yet this process seems to be still in its beginning stages. Third, the region’s entrepreneurial community does not exhibit strong networking and collaboration. Rather, entrepreneurial ventures and industry connections exist much like “islands of excellence” without strong interconnections. Fourth, although the availability of funding has increased, local entrepreneurs perceive the accessibility and availability of funds - and the capacity local venture investors bring to the table - as limiting factors. At the same time, while the number of investment groups has increased, the investor community is still fragmented and not well connected. Fifth, the energy and collective effort to improve the Kansas City entrepreneurial community has increased and strengthened significantly since 2006 when a similar study was conducted.Various groups and organizations have ensured a thickening of the entrepreneurial support infrastructure in the form of creation of incubators, establishment of financial incentives to invest in entrepreneurial ventures (i.e. angel tax credits), and the addition of effective mentoring and networking events. Yet the analysis of the data shows that Kansas City faces the drawbacks of a region characterized by organizational thinness in the form of weak endowment of firms and organizations that can fuel the entrepreneurial pipeline and a lack of interaction and networks among key members of the entrepreneurial community, which keeps the entrepreneurial economy fragmented. To overcome organizational thinness and fragmentation, this paper suggests focusing policy efforts on connecting key actors in the entrepreneurial economy such as existing large firms, entrepreneurial ventures, universities, and funding and mentoring organizations.
ChemInform Abstract: Intermolecular Coupling Reaction of Alkynes with Vinyl Bromide with Selective Skeletal Rearrangement.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Analytic and Related Methods for Aggregate Claim Models

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This chapter focuses on the distribution of the random sum S = Ei=1N N Xi where N represents the number of claims on a portfolio of insurance business over a fixed period of time, X1,X2, . . . is an independent and identically distributed sequence of random variables (independent of N) such that Xi represents the amount of the ith claim, and S is the amount of total or aggregate claims. The distribution of S is complicated in general and is historically a problem of central importance in insurance loss and risk analysis. The chapter also focuses on analytic and “semianalytic” analysis of the distribution. It discusses asymptotic and approximate formulas for quantities associated with the right tail of the aggregate loss distribution.
Cardiac rehabilitation referral and enrolment across an academic health sciences centre with eReferral and peer navigation: a randomised controlled pilot trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives To describe (1) cardiac rehabilitation (CR) referral across cardiac units in a tertiary centre with eReferral; (2) characteristics associated with CR referral and enrolment and (3) the effects of peer navigation (PN) on referral and enrolment. This pilot was a 2 parallel-arm, randomised, single-blind trial with allocation concealment. Setting 3 cardiac units (ie, interventional, general cardiology, and cardiac surgery) in 1 of 2 hospitals of a tertiary centre. Participants CR-eligible adult cardiac inpatients were randomised to PN or usual care. 94 (54.7%) patients consented, of which 46 (48.9%) were randomised to PN. Outcomes were ascertained in 76 (80.9%) participants. Intervention The PN (1) visited participant at the bedside, (2) mailed a card to participant's home reminding about CR and (3) called participant 2 weeks postdischarge to discuss CR barriers. Outcome measures The primary outcome of enrolment was defined as participant attendance at a scheduled CR intake appointment (yes/no). The secondary outcome was referral. Blinded outcome assessment was conducted 12 weeks postdischarge, via CR chart extraction. Results Those who received care on the cardiac surgery unit (77.9%) were more likely to be referred than those treated on the general cardiology (61.1%) or interventional unit (33.3%; p=0.04). Patients who had cardiac surgery, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia were significantly more likely, and those with congenital heart disease, cancer and a previous cardiac diagnosis were less likely to be referred. Participants referred to a site closer to home (76.2% of those referred) were more likely to enrol than those not (23.7%, p<0.05). PN had no effect on referral (77.6%, p=0.45) or enrolment (46.0%, p=0.24). Conclusions There is wide variability in CR referral, even within academic centres, and despite eReferral. Referral was quite high, and thus, PN did not improve CR utilisation. Results support triaging patients to the CR programme closest to their home. Trial registration number NCT02204449; Results.
An Explosive Outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection in a Summer Camp

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection occurred in the summer of 1978 in a boys' camp in northern Wisconsin and affected 139 of 196 persons (71%); 115 (59%) had laboratory evidence of infection. In 77% of the cases, onset of disease occurred within three weeks after arrival at camp, in contrast to the usually indolent spread of the disease. Attack rates decreased with increasing age. The sensitivity of serology for detecting M pneumoniae disease may have been as low as 79%. There was shorter duration of cough in those treated with erythromycin within four days after onset of symptoms.
Cistercian Financial Organisation, 1335–1392

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Fourteenth-century records give a depressing picture of the finances of the Cistercian Order. In 1338, for instance, the Chapter General stated that the Order was heavily in debt at the papal curia and in the fairs of Champagne, and that its income was not sufficient to meet all its obligations. Its immunity from papal and royal taxation had been largely eroded in the thirteenth century. During the Avignon period the popes levied frequent property taxes from the Church in France, and by an arrangement with the French monarchy, the lion's share of the profits went to the king. In this way Philip VI obtained money from the Church during the Hundred Years’ War. The premier abbeys of the Cistercian Order, and its other houses within the kingdom, were not exempt from these exactions, and no doubt shared the distress of the French clergy. In 1362 Urban V refused to levy another property tax from the Church in France, on the grounds that it had paid more than enough.
A Star Fell Out Of Heaven; When I'm With You

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Performer: BOB CLIFFORD Writer: Gordon; Revel VERTICAL RECORDING; with orchestra directed by; Vocal-Popular; Vocal-Popular; 2 - From picture "Poor Little Rich Girl"; PRODUCED BY Associated Music Publishers, Inc. Digitized at 33 revolutions per minute. Four stylii were used to transfer this record. They are 0.7mil eliptical, 2.3mil truncated conical, 2.8mil truncated conical, 2.0mil truncated conical. These were recorded flat and then also equalized with Turnover: 500.0, Rolloff: -16.0. The preferred versions suggested by an audio engineer at George Blood, L.P. have been copied to have the more friendly filenames. Matrix number: A 1242 C2 Catalog number: No. A199-A Other IDs from the record include: (Matrix No. A-1242); A 199A
EU AI Act faces enforcement challenges

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Significance The Act takes a risk-based approach to AI regulation, with a focus on protecting the fundamental rights of EU citizens, and will be influential outside the EU as the first comprehensive AI legislation in a democratic jurisdiction. Impacts Uneven capabilities at the member-state level will lead to ‘regulator shopping’ by some AI firms. The cost of regulatory compliance will not be trivial. The June European Parliament election will not affect the direction of the EU’s AI regulatory framework.
Gıda Mühendisliğinde Hesaplamalı Akışkanlar Dinamiği Uygulamaları

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Computational fluid dynamics CFD analyses systems including heat transfer, fluid flow and chemical reactions by means of computer based simulations. CFD codes have been developed within the scope of numerical algorithms for solving nonlinear partial differential equations. Experimental data are generally used to validate CFD solutions through comparing magnitudes that are found experimentally and numerically. CFD analysis is completed with drawing images, lines, vectors and/or animations after creating geometry and mesh grid , customizing physical model, determining boundary counditions and increasing the model accuracy by numerical options stages. Today, CFD applications have become indispensable in system design in food industry because of having advantages for both consumers and environment. Various processes e.g. packaging, cold storage, freezing, baking, sterilization, drying and designing and analyses of systems e.g. heat exchanger and agitated vessel have been already benefited from CFD technology
The evolution and effects of priming vegetable seeds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Priming is a treatment that partially hydrates seeds so that germination processes begin, but radicle emergence does not occur. Experimentally, prim ing treatments are limited only to conditions that do not result in premature radicle extension and may include: equilibration under conditions of high humidity, soaking in water or osmotic solution, equilibration with a matric potential control surface, intermixture with a porous matrix material, and moisture addition to a seed water content less than required for germination. Commercial priming technology has evolved from osmotic priming to solid matrix priming and finally drum priming which is gaining acceptance for large-scale use. The degree of enhancement from priming depends upon the initial quality of the seed, the species being treated, treatment conditions such as temperature, water potential (*P), duration, and other conditions specific to the priming medium. There is no simple recipe for determining the best priming treatment for a particular species. Priming treatments must be determined empirically. In several species, the optimal *P for priming ranges from the least negative *P that prevents radicle emergence to approx imately -2.5 MPa. Some reported effects of priming include increased germi nation rate, greater germination uniformity, increased germination percent age, advancement of maturity, wider temperature range for germination, repair of cellular damage, weakening of barriers to embryo growth, reduced seed storage life, increased protein synthesis, and removal of dormancy. However, it is increasingly apparent that the effects of priming differ widely among species. The evolution of priming technology is reviewed as well as our current knowledge of how priming enhances germination performance.
Antagonistic effects of IL-4 and TGF-beta1 on Langerhans cell-related antigen expression by human monocytes.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

In this study, we analyzed the specific effects of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta1) and/or IL-4 on monocyte-derived cells. Monocytes were cultured with GM-CSF, GM-CSF/TGF-beta1, GM-CSF/IL-4, or GM-CSF/IL-4/TGF-beta1 before cell morphology, phenotype, and function were assessed. As expected, interleukin-4 is mandatory for monocyte differentiation into potent allostimulatory DC. In its absence, monocyte-derived cells share many phenotypic and functional features with macrophages. However, it is interesting that the cells express E-cadherin, independent of exogenous TGF-beta1, and addition of the cytokine induced CCR6 expression. Most importantly, a subset of monocytes cultured with GM-CSF/TGF-beta1 expresses Langerin, as confirmed by electron microscopy analysis. Langerin engagement with specific monoclonal antibodies induces its internalization and the formation of typical Birbeck granules. Monocytes cultured in GM-CSF/IL-4 did not express the LC markers E-cadherin, CCR6, or Langerin. The simultaneous addition of TGF-beta1 allows most of the cells to express E-cadherin but rarely CCR6 and Langerin. Taken together, the results add further evidence that LC can derive from monocytes and demonstrate an antagonistic effect of IL-4 and TGF-beta1 on monocyte differentiation toward the LC pathway.
Dynamical modelling of the regulatory network underlying Retinoic Acid resistance in Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

AbstractMotivation: Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia (APL) results from an aberrant chromosomal translocation involving the Retinoic Acid Receptor Alpha (RARA) gene, predominantly with the Promyelocytic Leukaemia (PML) or Promyelocytic Leukaemia Zinc Finger (PLZF) gene. These oncoproteins block the normal haematopoietic differentiation program and promote aberrant proliferative promyelocytes. A Retinoic Acid (RA) therapy is successful in most of the PML::RARA pa- tients, while PLZF::RARA patients frequently display treatment resistance and relapse. Recent studies pointed to various underlying molecular components, but their precise contributions remain to be established.Results: We developed a logical network model integrating signalling, transcriptional and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, which captures the key features of the APL cell responses to RA treatment depending on the genetic background. The explicit inclusion of the histone methyltransferase EZH2 allowed us to assess its role in the maintenance of the resistant phenotype, distinguishing between its canonical and non-canonical activities. The model dynamics were thoroughly analysed using a combination of tools integrated in the public software suite maintained by the CoLoMoTo consortium (https://colomoto.github.io/). All the code and results are documented in a Jupyter notebook, greatly easing the reproduction and further extensions of our analyses. Ultimately, the model serves as a solid basis to assess the roles of novel regulatory mechanisms, as well as to explore novel therapeutical approaches in silico.Availability: The model and the electronic Jupyter notebook enabling the production of all reported results can be downloaded from http://ginsim.org/node/256.Contact: elisabeth.remy@univ-amu.fr, denis.thieffry@ens.fr