jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Competition in Mixed Stands of Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus obliqua

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

1. Relative growth rate, mortality and stem form of individual trees in mixed stands of planted P. radiata and naturally regenerated E. obliqua over 5 years were examined in relation to their sizes and the density and leaf area index of their neighbours. 2. Relative growth rate increased with tree size and decreased with increasing neighbourhood leaf area index for both species, but it increased with increasing neighbourhood density as a result of a release from competition due to mortality in the neighbourhood. 3. Mortality affected smaller E. obliqua. The probability of death decreased with increasing tree size. 4. Height to diameter ratio, an indicator of stem form, decreased with tree size and increased with neighbourhood leaf area index for both species. 5. The growth, mortality and changes in stem form of individual trees led to changes in density-dependent stand level characteristics such as mean height to diameter ratio and size distribution patterns.
Phospholipid peroxidation deacylation and remodeling in postischemic skeletal muscle

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Reperfusion of ischemic skeletal muscle is associated with white blood cell (WBC) sequestration and hydroperoxy-conjugated diene (HCF) formation, a marker of free radical-mediated phospholipid peroxidation. The purpose of this study was to define the kinetics of phospholipid fatty acyl peroxidation, deacylation, and remodeling in postischemic skeletal muscle during prolonged reperfusion in vivo, and to determine whether reperfusion with WBC and plasma-depleted blood would attenuate postischemic phospholipid peroxidation and myocyte necrosis. The isolated, paired, canine gracilis muscle model was used. After 5 h of ischemia, muscles underwent unaltered reperfusion or initial reperfusion with WBC-deficient blood cells resuspended in hydroxyethyl starch, followed by return to normal circulation (modified reperfusion). The concentration of native fatty acids and HCDs of linoleic acid extracted from muscle phospholipids was quantified by gas chromatography and positively identified by mass spectrometry. Ischemia and reperfusion resulted in phospholipid deacylation and a selective increase in phospholipid stearic acid content, but had no effect on total phospholipid phosphorus. Modified reperfusion decreased 1) early HCD formation (54%) and 2) postischemic skeletal muscle necrosis (49%). These data suggest that reperfusion results in phospholipid deacylation and remodeling, and that the initial oxidant stress during reperfusion may be a significant determinant of ultimate muscle necrosis.
Change of niche in guanaco (Lama guanicoe): The effects of climate change on habitat suitability and lineage conservatism in Chile

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Background. A fundamental problem in the biogeography of climate change is to understand and predict how environmental factors determine whether organisms will alter their seasonal activities, home ranges, migratory patterns, abundances, and interspecific interactions. The main goal of this contribution was to define the ecological niche of the guanaco ( Lama guanicoe ) to describe potential distributional changes and to assess the relative importance of niche conservatism and divergence processes among the two lineages described for the species. Methods. We used current and future projections of climate change under two extreme GHG emission scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5) to evaluate changes of the environmental niche and future distribution of the largest mammal in the southern cone of South America. Evaluation of niche conservatism and divergence are based on identity and background similarity tests. Results. We show that: a) the current geographic distribution of lineages and contact population prescribe different climatic requirements that are related to the geographic areas where these lineages are located; b) future distribution models predict a decrease in the distribution surface under both scenarios; c) the surface area predicted to be gained, lost, and unchanged is ~15%, 15- 26%, and 85- 75% respectively; d) a 3% increase of areal protection is expected if the current distribution of protected areas is maintained, however this is expected to occur at the expense of a large reduction of high quality habitats under the best scenario and; e) current and future distribution ranges of guanaco mostly adhere to phylogenetic niche divergence hypotheses between linages ( L. g. cacsilensis and L. g. guanicoe ). However, both lineages and the contact population show niche conservatism given niche similarity tests. Discussion. Associating environmental variables to species ecological niche seem to be an important aspect of unveiling the particularities of, both, evolutionary patterns and ecological features that species face in a changing environment. We have provided specific descriptions of how such patterns may play out under the most extreme climate change predictions, thereby, providing a grim outlook of the future potential distribution of guanaco. From an ecological perspective, while a slightly larger distribution area is expected, this may come with an important reduction of available quality habitats. From the evolutionary perspective, we describe the limitations of the contact population´s niche to merge with the northern and/or southern niche lineages of guanaco exposing the complexities of understanding evolutionary patterns across this taxon as it experiences climate change dynamics.
EXPERIMENTS ON THE USE OF SILICIC ACID FOR STEROID CHROMATOGRAPHY

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Mixtures of pure sterols, and extracts of hydrolyzed urine, were chromatographed on columns of silicic acid. The results were observed spectrometrically using a sulphuric acid – methanol color reagent. Dry silicic acid retained or altered the sterols. When the silicic acid contained free water the sterols were distributed between the surface of the solid and the developing solvent. The adherence to the solid phase decreased with increase of free water and with increased solubility of the sterol in the solvent. As the free water was increased liquid–liquid partition was observed. The adherence of the sterol to the silica surface increased with the number of hydroxyl groups in the sterol molecule. Silicic acid columns are therefore particularly suited to the separation of sterols that differ in their number of hydroxyl groups and to the detection of the production of artifacts by loss of the hydroxyl group.
Quantifying the Multiplier Effect of the Hospitality Sector

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This research examines the economic impact of tourism in N. Macedonia, focusing on the hospitality sector (hotels and restaurants). Using Symmetric Input-Output (SIOT) tables, the study quantifies the multiplier effect by analyzing the direct and indirect impacts of the hospitality sector on the national economy. The study reveals that the hospitality sector has the highest multiplier (2.293) compared to all other sectors, underscoring its crucial role in stimulating economic activity. A change in tourist expenditure within this sector triggers a significant ripple effect, generating increased demand for goods and services across various industries that support the hospitality sector. This finding highlights the importance of creating a prosperous and sustainable hospitality sector. Policymakers and industry stakeholders can use its high multiplier effect to promote economic growth and development across a wide range of interconnected industries within the national economy.
Exploring the quality of government open data

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose The use of “open data” can help the public find value in various areas of interests. Many governments have created and published a huge amount of open data; however, people have a hard time using open data because of data quality issues. The UK, the USA and Korea have created and published open data; however, the rate of open data implementation and level of open data impact is very low because of data quality issues like incompatible data formats and incomplete data. This study aims to compare the statuses of data quality from open government sites in the UK, the USA and Korea and also present guidelines for publishing data format and enhancing data completeness. Design/methodology/approach This study uses statistical analysis of different data formats and examination of data completeness to explore key issues of data quality in open government data. Findings Findings show that the USA and the UK have published more than 50 per cent of open data in level one. Korea has published 52.8 per cent of data in level three. Level one data are not machine-readable; therefore, users have a hard time using them. The level one data are found in portable document format and hyper text markup language (HTML) and are locked up in documents; therefore, machines cannot extract out the data. Findings show that incomplete data are existing in all three governments’ open data. Originality/value Governments should investigate data incompleteness of all open data and correct incomplete data of the most used data. Governments can find the most used data easily by monitoring data sets that have been downloaded most frequently over a certain period.
Unexpected neuroprotection observed with the adenosine A2A receptor agonist CGS 21680

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The selective adenosine A2A receptor agonists 2-[p-(2-carboxethyl)phenylethylaminol-5′-N-ethylcarboxyamidoadenosine (CGS 21680), N-[2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]adenosine (DPMA) and metrifudil were investigated for their ability to prevent the loss of pyramidal CA1 neurons in the hippocampus following 5 min of severe temporary forebrain ischemia in mongolian gerbils. CGS 21680, when administered at 18.7 μmol/kg 30 and 120 min following reperfusion, exhibited highly significant protection against neuronal loss, but was inactive at 5.6 μmol/kg. DPMA, a more potent agonist at A1 and A2A receptors, was inactive up to a dose of 19 μmol/kg. Metrifudil (equipotent with CGS 21680 at A2A >25 times more potent at A1) gave a modest degree of protection at 26 μmol/kg and was inactive at 7.8 μmol/kg. CGS 21680 showed an equal degree of hypothermia at 5.6 and 18.7 μmol/kg, suggesting that this was not the prime mode of action. While the effect of metrifudil may be the result of its higher A1 receptor affinity, the mode of action of CGS 21680 has not been established; the data, however, suggest that a non-A1 non-A2A receptor mechanism may possibly be involved. Drug Dev. Res. 39:108–114 © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Adiponectin Inversely Correlates with High Sensitive C-reactive Protein and Triglycerides, but not with Insulin Sensitivity, in Apparently Healthy Japanese Men

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Adiponectin, an antiatherogenic peptide, has diverse biological actions on insulin sensitivity, inflammation and lipid metabolism. To explore physiological and pathophysiological significance of adiponectin in the Japanese general population, we systematically analyzed the relationship between adiponectin and high sensitive CRP (hsCRP), lipids, insulin sensitivity, and anthropometric parameters in 166 consecutive adult male health examinees. By univariate analysis, serum adiponectin was positively correlated with age and HDL-cholesterol, and inversely correlated with fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment insulin-resistance, waist, body mass index, triglycerides and hsCRP. However, multivariate analysis revealed that adiponectin independently correlated with triglycerides (r = -0.243, P = 0.0033) and hsCRP (r = -0.262, P = 0.0015) but not with all other variables. Adiponectin was lower and hsCRP higher in the subjects with metabolic syndrome (n = 22) than in those without it (n = 144) (adiponectin, 5.4 +/- 2.8 vs 7.5 +/- 4.2 microg/ml, p = 0.002; hsCRP, 832 +/- 605 vs 470 +/- 524 ng/ml, p = 0.0004). Current findings suggest that relative importance of hypertriglyceridemia and enhanced inflammation, rather than insulin resistance, as the downstream events of hypoadiponectinemia leading to atherosclerosis in the Japanese general population.
Assessing Clinically Significant Change: Application to the SCL-90–R

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A Symptom Checklist (SCL-90–R) is a potentially useful measure of psychological distress; it is frequently used in psychotherapy research and clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to illustrate the use of the SCL-90–R for determining statistically reliable change and clinical significance outlined by Jacobson and Truax in 1991. This paper describes the concepts of statistical and clinical significance of change. A proposal for obtaining and characterizing samples is made. Then a clinician's perspective is taken. Reliable change estimates and cut-off scores are chosen based on outcome data. Selected data from a single psychotherapeutic process and outcome study then were used to test the estimates of change and cut-off scores.
Behavior management-based applied behaviour analysis within dental examination of children with autism spectrum disorder

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder with three main characteristics: communication disorders, social interaction disorders and repetitive behavior. The main problem faced when treating child patients with this disorder is the difficulty of establishing communication with the result that they are unable to understand instructions. One form of therapy frequently applied in cases of autism is that of applied behavior analysis (ABA). It is easier for children with ASD to absorb information visually. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ABA-based behavior management using visual media in the form of picture cards for oral examination of children with ASD. Methods: The study design was observational descriptive in nature and the sample selection was based on purposive sampling. The study was conducted by observing changes in childrens’ behavior during treatment administered four times a month. The subjects were 13 children with ASD who met the study criteria and were receiving treatment for autism at Prananda special school in Bandung. The collated data related to changes in subjects’ behavior observed during four meetings assessed on the basis of score 1 confirming compliance with instructions and 0 indicating non-compliance. A Kruskal-Wallis statistical analisysis test was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed a general increase in the former over the latter initial behavior during treatment. Statistical analysis showed that the coefficient of Kruskal-Wallis was meaningful in terms of statistical significance with a p-value of 26.947 (<0.05). The multiple comparison value for average ranks was 15.68 (SD 18.69). Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that the application of a behavior management-based analytical methodology is effective in supporting the oral examination of children with ASD.
Entrepreneurship and Happiness

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Subjective well-being and happiness have taken on increasing interest and relevance. Recently some governments and entities have been presenting, developing, and supporting happiness indexes. Regarding entrepreneurial activity, the presentation of global indexes has been developed for some more years until now. However, despite the existence of these two kinds of analysis, few studies have, so far, focused on comparing the evolution of the two sets of indicators, as well as on the hypothetical relationship between them, which prefigures a gap in the literature. In the present work, an exploratory analysis is performed on this theme, trying to establish the basis for identifying the existence of relationship between both types of indicators, using the comparison between two of the main open access databases, namely data from the World Happiness Report (WHR) and from the Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI).
Simulation study on RFID application to crossdocking operations

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The rapid advancement and falling prices of RFID technology is gradually encouraging many companies within the supply chain to consider deployment. Its benefits in comparison to the prevalent barcode are opening up a myriad of possibilities envisioned to attaining operational efficiencies. In an era where product lifecycles and order lead times are ever decreasing, RFID seemed poised to be the solution. Increasing consumer demands necessitate the need for efficient warehousing and distribution operations. Today’s business environments are shifting from supply chain to demand chain, as a result many are faced with minimizing inventory and reducing warehouse cost while keeping retailer’s shelves full. With pressure to reduce inventories, a trend towards smaller and fewer warehouses will transfer warehouse operations into crossdock operations. The objective of this study is to allow a distribution centre (with warehousing and crossdocking coexisting within the same facility) to maintain its current configuration and practices but with the intent of adopting and integrating RFID with their current Warehouse Management System (WMS). Performance metrics are gathered from 2 simulation models based on barcode and RFID technologies followed by a comparative analysis on performance measures and Return on Investment (ROI). Our analysis shows that RFID technology proved to be more effective in such a setup with a 31.3% potential increase in throughput and a decreased pallet staytime at the incoming docks of 40.8%. The ROI analysis resulted in nearly 150% returns over a period of 5 years. The results were in line with other related studies. This project also generated a research paper in collaboration with SIMTech and was showcased at Discovering Engineering 2009 @ NTU.
Estimating mental fatigue based on electroencephalogram and heart rate variability

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Estimating mental fatigue based on electroencephalogram and heart rate variability The effects of long term mental arithmetic task on psychology are investigated by subjective self-reporting measures and action performance test. Based on electroencephalogram (EEG) and heart rate variability (HRV), the impacts of prolonged cognitive activity on central nervous system and autonomic nervous system are observed and analyzed. Wavelet packet parameters of EEG and power spectral indices of HRV are combined to estimate the change of mental fatigue. Then wavelet packet parameters of EEG which change significantly are extracted as the features of brain activity in different mental fatigue state, support vector machine (SVM) algorithm is applied to differentiate two mental fatigue states. The experimental results show that long term mental arithmetic task induces the mental fatigue. The wavelet packet parameters of EEG and power spectral indices of HRV are strongly correlated with mental fatigue. The predominant activity of autonomic nervous system of subjects turns to the sympathetic activity from parasympathetic activity after the task. Moreover, the slow waves of EEG increase, the fast waves of EEG and the degree of disorder of brain decrease compared with the pre-task. The SVM algorithm can effectively differentiate two mental fatigue states, which achieves the maximum classification accuracy (91%). The SVM algorithm could be a promising tool for the evaluation of mental fatigue. Fatigue, especially mental fatigue, is a common phenomenon in modern life, is a persistent occupational hazard for professional. Mental fatigue is usually accompanied with a sense of weariness, reduced alertness, and reduced mental performance, which would lead the accidents in life, decrease productivity in workplace and harm the health. Therefore, the evaluation of mental fatigue is important for the occupational risk protection, productivity, and occupational health.
P619 Review of epidemiology and management of children with periorbital and orbital cellulitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim

To study epidemiology and management of Periorbital and orbital cellulitis in children admitted in University Hospital Waterford, Ireland.

Methods

The medical records of children ≤16 years old and hospitalised from 01/01/2007 to 31/12/2017, at the University of Hospital Waterford with discharge code ICD-10-AM indicating diagnosis of acute inflammation of orbit were reviewed.

Results

Total 33 cases were included in this study.

Conclusion

Literature says periorbital and orbital cellulitis typically affects a child under 5, but our main population was between 5–16 years with mean age 0f 7.8 years. Periorbital cellulitis occurs as a complication of sinusitis. All 9 children with orbital cellulitis had radiological evidence of sinusitis and 7 (29%) out of 24 children with periorbital cellulitis had radiological evidence of sinusitis. So, >70% children with periorbital cellulitis had source of infection other than sinusitis. Total of 9 children had Subperiosteal abscess which required drainage.

Discussion

Epidemiology of Periorbital infections in Paediatric Population in that particular area was slightly different compared to the literature. Fortunately all children had good outcome after the appropriate treatment.
Clinical analysis of 48 cases of inverse psoriasis: a hospital-based study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Inverse psoriasis, rare in clinical practice, refers to psoriasis only or mainly occurring at flexural sites, such as the axilla, antecubital fossae, popliteal fossae, and inguinal creases. It is also known as flexural psoriasis. With a total collection of psoriatic cases from September 2002 to December 2003 at Xijing hospital, we made a retrospective analysis of the disease history, clinical characteristics, and treatment of the patients affected with inverse psoriasis. The results showed that the major clinical manifestations of inverse psoriasis were sharply demarcated erythematous plaques with varying degrees of infiltration and minimal or no scales. Affected areas often involve the groin, axilla, genitals, and umbilicus. The disease responds well to the narrow band UVB therapy. Compared with common psoriasis, inverse psoriasis has similar and unique characteristics in terms of the affected areas, clinical symptoms, and responses to the treatment.
Aging and the welfare-state crisis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A historical-sociological viewpoint, which examines the making of policies on aging in France over a century (late nineteenth century to the present), is examined in this book. This case study presents an attempt to understand the formulation of social policies better by studying the long-range interplay between the state and various social forces. This book is the third in the series The Family in Interdisciplinary Perspective.
Mycosphaerella aleuritidis . [Distribution map].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Mycosphaerella aleuritidis Ou. Hosts: Tung (Aleurites spp.). Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Central African Republic (probably also Cameroon, Congo, Gabon), Malagasy Republic, Malawi, ASIA, China (Hunan, Szechwan), Hong Kong, Japan, Korea (S.), Peninsular Malaysia, NORTH AMERICA, USA (Florida, Louisiana, Miss), CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, Trinidad, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina (Misiones), Brazil, (Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo).