jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Renal potassium transport: the pioneering studies of Gerhard Giebisch

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This essay looks at the historical significance of six APS Classic Papers that are freely available on line: Malnic G, Klose RM, Giebisch G. Micropuncture study of renal potassium excretion in the rat. Am J Physiol 206: 674–686, 1964 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/206/4/674 ). Malnic G, Klose RM, Giebisch G. Micropuncture study of distal tubular potassium and sodium transport in rat nephron. Am J Physiol 211: 529–547, 1966 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/211/3/529 ). Malnic G, Klose RM, Giebisch G. Microperfusion study of distal tubular potassium and sodium transfer in rat kidney. Am J Physiol 211: 548–559, 1966 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/211/3/548 ). Duarte CG, Chomety F, Giebisch G. Effect of amiloride, ouabain, and furosemide on distal tubular function in the rat. Am J Physiol 221: 632–640, 1971 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/221/2/632 ). Malnic G, De Mello Aires M, Giebisch G. Potassium transport across renal distal tubules during acid-base disturbances. Am J Physiol 221: 1192–1208, 1971 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/221/4/1192 ). Wright FS, Strieder N, Fowler NB, Giebisch G. Potassium secretion by distal tubule after potassium adaptation. Am J Physiol 221: 437–448, 1971 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/221/2/437 ).
Two binding modes reveal flexibility in kinase/response regulator interactions in the bacterial chemotaxis pathway

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The crystal structure at 2.0-Å resolution of the complex of the Escherichia coli chemotaxis response regulator CheY and the phosphoacceptor-binding domain (P2) of the kinase CheA is presented. The binding interface involves the fourth and fifth helices and fifth β-strand of CheY and both helices of P2. Surprisingly, the two heterodimers in the asymmetric unit have two different binding modes involving the same interface, suggesting some flexibility in the binding regions. Significant conformational changes have occurred in CheY compared with previously determined unbound structures. The active site of CheY is exposed by the binding of the kinase domain, possibly to enhance phosphotransfer from CheA to CheY. The conformational changes upon complex formation as well as the observation that there are two different binding modes suggest that the plasticity of CheY is an essential feature of response regulator function.
Transnational Family and Connections

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter demonstrates that while young people strive to establish an anchor in Europe as a place where they feel safe and can imagine and construct futures for themselves, they simultaneously derive a sense of subjective wellbeing from their transnational ties and personhood. Given the geopolitical framework that kept them apart from loved ones elsewhere, the transnational elements to these relationships were central to their daily lives. There has been a burgeoning interest in practices of transnationalism, and the empirical work in the study reveals the complexities and dynamics of such ties and interactions for young people transitioning to adulthood in a context of migration. At least four domains of transnationalism were revealed in the research. These include transnational family connections, transnational friendships, virtual connections, and transnational futures and aspirations.
[The brain scan and cervical artery lesions. Correlations: clinical-arteriographic-scanning].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cerebral angiography and CT brain scan are performed on a group of 174 patients (28 asymptomatic patients; 109 patients with symptoms of stroke in relation with a clinically defined vascular territory; 37 patients with symptoms in relation with a clinically uncertain vascular territory). Angiographic findings are: cervical artery lesions in 143 patients, brain artery lesions in 6 patients, both extra and intra cranial artery lesions in 22 patients, and non atheromatous artery lesions in 3 patients. CT brain scan shows: hypodensity in 19 cases, hyperdensity in 1 case, cortical and/or sub cortical atrophy in 141 cases. Only 13 patients have normal CT brain scan. Authors also note: 4 infarction areas in asymptomatic patients and only 4 hypodensities out of 21 cases of internal carotid artery occlusion. Ulcerated cervical artery lesions seem to be the main cause (73%) of cerebral infarction.
An XML based XSS PoC platform

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Well, long time no post. Been in hospital. Been busy with college. Life gets in the way of hacking. Usually when one wast to illustrate an XSS vulnerability there are two approaches. The first is to show the client the XSS and assume that they know and understand the impact. The second is to write a fully fledged exploit which takes some form of action on the client's server so that they can see the truly devastating impact.
The discussion of the application of GIS in historical administrative geography

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The GIS database processing technology based on MapInfo software platform has provided new research methods and means For historical research, and make the qualitative and quantitative analysis of history more diversified. This paper takes Guangdong in the Song Dynasty as a case of GIS Applications to Historical administrative geography, And discusses the GIS Application of administrative with population has become infrastructure sectors of the information development in Historical geography, aimed at promoting the use and development of Historical Geography of information, Accelerating the pace of historical geography studies.
Knowledge discovery for structured mathematical (Chinese) questions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Mathematics is a fundamental subject taught in schools. It is a subject that requires a great amount of practice. Many software and websites have been set up, to provide new learning and practice platforms for students. While these software and websites provide model solutions to the questions, they have missed out something crucial and more helpful to the students: an analysis of the papers. In this project, a 高考数学分析 (Gaokao Analyser) was built to provide analysis for the Mathematics paper (理科数学(必修+选修II)) in the China Unified National College Entrance Examination (普通高等学校招生全国统一考试). The purpose of this was to assist teachers and students in their preparation for the examinations by identifying the important topics and/or areas of study to focus on. The analyser has a few main features. It is able to provide an overall view of the distribution and trend of questions. It is also able to provide a summary of the papers. Most importantly, it is able to generate a prediction of the topics to occur in the subsequent paper. Towards the end of the development phase, user evaluation was done to gather responses on the system. The feedback was positive. Finally, a conclusion was made, and recommendations for future work were discussed. The Gaokao Analyser is a good start for the study of knowledge discovery of Mathematical questions. It can definitely be further developed to identify more features and functions which could facilitate the prediction, and more accurately depict the arrangement of the future examination.
Generazione Erasmus?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Erasmus programme is one of the outstanding Community initiatives, even if it is spoken little of outside the world of the university. This book, one of the first devoted to the subject, analyses the virtuous effects that the programme has had on the university system, the geography of student flows, and the motivations and propositions of those who have taken part in it. The reports of the students indicate the Erasmus as a 'bubble of experience' and the book explores these inner experiences through a sociological approach, illustrating the vast potential in terms of the moulding of a 'homo novus Europaeus'. The data gathered prompt a reflection on the redefinition of the role of the student when he or she directly experiences the comparison with a context different and distant from that of origin, to which he or she is nevertheless destined to return. From this perspective, the Erasmus experience assumes the significance of a sort of temporary upheaval of status open to forms of 'experimentation of identity'.
Image Retrieval Model Analysis of Digital Library Based on Texture Characteristics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A new document image retrieval algorithm is proposed in view of the inefficient retrieval of information resources in a digital library. First of all, in order to accurately characterize the texture and enhance the ability of image differentiation, this paper proposes the statistical feature method of the double-tree complex wavelet. Secondly, according to the statistical characteristic method, combined with the visual characteristics of the human eye, the edge information in the document image is extracted. On this basis, we construct the meaningful texture features and use texture features to define the characteristic descriptors of document images. Taking the descriptor as the clue, the content characteristics of the document image are combined organically, and appropriate similarity measurement criteria are used for efficient retrieval. Experimental results show that the algorithm not only has high retrieval efficiency but also reduces the complexity of the traditional document image retrieval algorithm.
Analysis and Research on the Influencing Factors of Government Education Fiscal Expenditure

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Education is an important cornerstone of national development and social progress. Educational financial expenditures are not only the material basis for educational development. Paying attention to the influencing factors of education expenditures and conducting in-depth analysis are of great significance for building a long-term, stable and efficient education financial support mechanism. Through theoretical and current analysis, based on the relevant data of Qinghai Province from 1990 to 2020, this article uses empirical analysis and literature research methods to deeply explore the influencing factors of education expenditure in Qinghai Province, and puts forward corresponding policy suggestions. The research conclusion shows: First, there is a significant positive correlation between education expenditure and regional gross product (GDP) in Qinghai Province. Second, with the development of social economy and changes in population structure, educational needs are also changing. Third, there is a positive correlation between local government’s general budget revenue and education expenditure. These conclusions provide useful reference and inspiration for education fiscal policies in Qinghai Province and other regions, and help promote the sustainable development of education.
Benefits of Flipped Learning for Developmental Mathematics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Current research shows community college students face numerous obstacles that limit their success in developmental mathematics courses. This study surveyed students to determine whether flipped learning produced differences in student engagement or factors related to passing rates compared to that of traditional teaching for different demographics of these students. The data were analyzed with mixed methods and converted to quantitative numerical values for statistical analysis, or coded qualitatively. This study revealed that flipped learning resulted in greater or no difference in student engagement, and greater feeling of respect and concern from instructors than traditional learning. Additionally, greater factors related to passing rates were revealed in young, white, able-bodied, male students. College administrators should further investigate if flipped learning would benefit students.
Illusory Contours in Line Patterns with Apparent Depth Due to Either Perspective or Overlay

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

An illusory contour along a partially delineated border in the form of an apparent ‘outside’ corner due to perspective was as strong as one along a similarly delineated border in the form of an edge due to overlay. An illusory contour along a border in the form of an apparent ‘inside’ corner, due probably to both perspective and overlay, was stronger than either. These outcomes suggest that apparent stratification from overlay is not necessary for the occurrence of illusory contours. They also accord with the view that apparent depth due to overlay or to perspective is equally effective in rendering partially delineated borders more prominent and, in consequence, the illusory contours that form along them stronger.
News, memory and identity : the Palestinians in Britain

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This thesis is about diasporic audiences and their experiences of news. The main concern throughout is the under-researched question of how members of a diasporic audience, such as the Palestinians in Britain, use news, what they do with it and what it means for their social action and interaction. Taking into account the diverse news media the Palestinians in Britain engage with, this thesis investigates what news means for diasporas like the Palestinians - what it means for identity, belonging and community and what it means for their participation in societal action - by exploring the meanings surrounding the act of engagement with news narratives, rather than by examining the moment of consumption per se. Using a synthesis of original empirical work and an interdisciplinary theoretical inquiry into political communication, nationalism, identity, news and collective memory, this thesis shows that news, particularly television news, emerges as a significant resource in the informants' lives, around whose consumption the informants' discourses of identity, of belonging and community and of citizenship are fraught with tensions between the personal and the political and between the national and cosmopolitan. In paying attention to the processes the informants use to make sense of news, it shows how the informants discourses about themselves and their community alternate between dogmatic and closed discourses of thinking and arguing, reflecting tension between the self and the other and between the cosmopolitan and the national. In exploring the social uses of news, the thesis addresses the contexts within which news can enable or disable participation and social action, therefore drawing attention to the need for a differentiated understanding of the relationship between news and its audience, and between news and possibilities of citizenship.
Comparison of four methods of endotracheal tube passage in simulated airways: There is room for improved techniques

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective Endotracheal intubation requires laryngoscopy followed by passage of the endotracheal tube (ETT). Tube passage can be difficult, but there is little evidence to support which adjunct for tube passage is most effective. Methods The four tube passage adjuncts tested were the naked ETT, stylet ETT, railroaded bougie and preloaded bougie. Participants completed pre‐ and post‐test surveys identifying demographics, experience and method preference. After instruction, participants completed eight intubations on manikins with ‘easy’ and ‘difficult’ airways. Results One hundred and seventeen practitioners who were experienced emergency medicine physicians, anaesthesiologists and out‐of‐hospital providers completed 936 total ETT attempts. For the ‘difficult’ airway, the percentage first pass success (95% confidence interval [CI]) for the naked ETT was 30.8% (23.1–39.7%). This was significantly lower than the stylet ETT (95.7% [86.6–100%]), the railroaded bougie (75.2% [63.8–86.6%]), or the preloaded bougie (89.7% [79.7–99.7%]). On difficult airways, the median (interquartile range [IQR]) time‐to‐intubation was fastest in the stylet ETT (25.0 s [20.9–32.2 s]) with the railroaded bougie being the slowest (43.2 s [36.5–56.2 s]). Seventy‐nine per cent of participants stated that they would change their practice based on participating in this study. Participants increased their preference for the preloaded bougie from 30.6% to 69.4%. Conclusion The data show that tube passage with a stylet ETT or a preloaded bougie is superior in terms of higher first pass success, faster time‐to‐intubation and higher post‐test preference. The naked ETT is clearly inferior to other methods. This research supports the recommendation to use a stylet ETT or bougie for every predicted difficult intubation.
ASSESSMENT OF FALL RISK IN CANCER PATIENTS RECEIVING PALLIATIVE CARE

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aim: This study aims to evaluate fall risk factors in cancer patients receiving palliative care units. Method: This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 122 cancer patients served the palliative care unit between 01 October and 20 November 2020. The patient’s functional status was evaluated with the Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living. The data were collected using the Itaki Fall Risk Scale. Results: The mean age of patients was 57.32±12.10 years. The fall risk score of the patients was found to be 17.25±6.20. The risk of falling was higher in the elderly, those with chronic disease, diagnosed with lung cancer, and a history of falling variables. The most common minor risk factor was the presence of chronic disease, and the most common major risk factor was dizziness. Conclusions and Suggestions: Fall risk is high in cancer patients receiving palliative care. Cancer patients receiving palliative care treatment should be evaluated in terms of fall risk.
EFFICIENT MODEL ORDER REDUCTION FOR FEM ANALYSIS OF WAVEGUIDE STRUCTURES AND RESONATORS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An efficient model order reduction method for threedimensional Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis of waveguide structures is proposed.The method is based on the Efficient Modal Order Reduction (ENOR) algorithm for creating macro-elements in cascaded subdomains.The resulting macro-elements are represented by very compact submatrices, leading to significant reduction of the overall number of unknowns.The efficiency of the model order reduction is enhanced by projecting fields at the boundaries of macroelements onto a subspace spanned by a few low-order waveguide modes.The combination of these two techniques results in considerable saving in overall computational time and memory requirement.An additional advantage of the presented method is that the reducedorder system matrix remains frequency-independent, which allows for very fast frequency sweeping and efficient calculation of resonant frequencies.Several numerical examples for driven and eigenvalue problems demonstrate the performance of the proposed methodology in terms of accuracy, memory usage and simulation time. INTRODUCTIONDue to the growing demand for efficient and accurate microwave circuit simulation tools, model order reduction (MOR) techniques have recently received considerable attention in computational electromagnetics.The fundamental idea of MOR, developed originally in context of Linear Time Invariant dynamical systems, is to replace the
Properties of ATP tightly bound to catalytic sites of chloroplast ATP synthase.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Under steady state photophosphorylating conditions, each ATP synthase complex from spinach thylakoids contains, at a catalytic site, about one tightly bound ATP molecule that is rapidly labeled from medium 32Pi. The level of this bound [32P]ATP is markedly reduced upon de-energization of the spinach thylakoids. The reduction is biphasic, a rapid phase in which the [32P] ATP/synthase complex drops about 2-fold within 10 s, followed by a slow phase, kobs = 0.01/min. A decrease in the concentration of medium 32Pi to well below its apparent Km for photophosphorylation is required to decrease the amount of tightly bound ATP/synthase found just after de-energization and before the rapid phase of bound ATP disappearance. The [32P]ATP that remains bound after the rapid phase appears to be mostly at a catalytic site as demonstrated by a continued exchange of the oxygens of the bound ATP with water oxygens. This bound [32P]ATP does not exchange with medium Pi and is not removed by the presence of unlabeled ATP. The levels of tightly bound ADP and ATP arising from medium ADP were measured by a novel method based on use of [beta-32P]ADP. After photophosphorylation and within minutes after the rapid phase of bound ATP loss, the measured ratio of bound ADP to ATP was about 1.4 and the sum of bound ADP plus ATP was about 1/synthase. This ratio is smaller than that found about 1 h after de-energization. Hence, while ATP bound at catalytic sites disappears, bound ADP appears. The results suggest that during and after de-energization the bound ATP disappears from the catalytic site by hydrolysis to bound ADP and Pi with subsequent preferential release of Pi. These and related observations can be accommodated by the binding change mechanism for ATP synthase with participation of alternating catalytic sites and are consistent with a deactivated state arising from occupancy of one catalytic site on the synthase complex by an inhibitory ADP without presence of Pi.
Ativismo digital evangélico e contrassecularização na eleição de Jair Bolsonaro

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The rise of digital networks consolidates a new type of religious activism that increases the so-called conservative wave in the Brazilian context. These are new dynamics that support to saturate the boundary between the spheres of religious and politics, a key characteristic of the orthodox ideal of secularization. In this paper, we examine the role of conservative evangelical digital activism in the 2018 presidential election, characterized by the open engagement of churches and religious in the electoral dispute, mobilizing their networks of believers, especially around a moral agenda. The research is based on the combination of the use of available data extracted from secondary sources and the exploratory study on the networks based on a non-probabilistic sample obtained through intentional sampling procedures. It was observed that evangelical electoral engagement in networks is the result of the consolidation of conservative counter-secularization movements. In a context of pluralism, digital networks allow, paradoxically, in addition to giving voice and visibility to many minorities, a reaction to these progressive advances, with a direct impact on the victory of Jair Bolsonaro.