jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Intensive care unit mortality of critically ill patients in first 24 hours: A single center 4-year cohort study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim

There is limited number of studies examining the clinical features of patients who died within 24 hours of intensive care unit(ICU) admission.In our study we investigated whether these group of patients are in their terminal stage of desease or not.

Methods :

Study design : Retrospective cohort study,single center. Study place : 22 bed ICU of tertiary research and training hospital Study period : January 2008 –September 2011. Patients and data :All patients died within first 24 hours of ICU admission during mentioned period were included.Demographic data of patients, ICU severity scores (APACHE II),ICU data, time of ICU entry and death were recorded.Terminal states of patients were identified by evaluating existence of advanced stage of chronic deseases(cancer, pulmonary parenchymal diseases, neurological diseases) and their functional life perfomance of last 3 months (Karnofsky performance scale). Statistics: Results are recorded as median and inter quartile ratio (IQR).

Results:

Within the specified period %16 (n=447) of 2787 patients died.96 (%21) of these patients who died within the first day of ICU admission were included in the study.Patients'values were found as for age and APACHE II: 68(56-76), 32(26-36) respectively.Distribution of 48 (%50) patients who meet the definition of terminally ill from 2008 to 2011 were as follows:%0, %60, %46, %63.%15 of patients died in first hour while %50 of them died in the first 9 hours.

Conclusion :

Considering the presence of terminal desease in the half of the patients who died within first day of ICU admission, we recommend to follow these group of patients in the special units outside the ICU as national health policy and planning.
Review Article: Effect of oral hypoglycaemic agents on bone metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and osteoporosis are the two important public health problems in India. The burden of both these conditions is expected to increase in the near future in view of changing lifestyle habits and ageing population. Indians are at risk of osteoporosis due to their low body mass index (BMI), genetic predisposition and nutritional factors. The diseases type 1 DM and type 2 DM (T2DM) are associated with increased fracture risk in the disease population, in spite of difference in the bone mineral density (BMD). An increase in fracture risk is also reported among older patients with T2DM despite frequently reported normal or increased BMD. Administration of insulin stimulates osteoblast activity and bone mineral apposition rates. The impact of endogenous insulin production, insulin sensitivity, and exogenous insulin administration as an anabolic agent for bone in T2DM has not been clarified. Biguanides and sulphonylureas do not appear to have adverse effects on BMD. Preclinical evidence suggests that incretin-based drugs may be beneficial for bone, but clinical evidence to support this hypothesis is not yet available. Thiazolidinedione (TZD) group of agents have been implicated in causing osteoporosis in various animal studies and some human studies available till date. The debate regarding this is issue is still ongoing. Randomized controlled studies with larger sample size preferably involving multiple centres, multiple ethnicities are required to answer these queries.
CONTINUOUS STRUGGLE OF GEORGIA WITH OCCUPATION

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of the article is explores for independence Georgia’s varied struggle against occupation both past and present. Research methods: the chosen topic of scientific research requires the use of various scientific methods and approaches to obtain high-quality results. Therefore, the following research methods were used to solve the tasks set: analysis; systematic method; analytical method, etc. Results: along with the restoration of Georgia’s independence, the country has been fighting an ongoing battle against occupation, confronting multiple threats to its sovereignty and territorial integrity. This article explores Georgia’s varied struggle, both past and present. Significantly, despite concerted efforts to settle the situation, the occupation persists, casting a pall over the country’s hopes for peace and stability. The fundamental goal of Georgian strategy was to improve the existing procedures against the occupation. Georgia has worked to improve its defenses and obtain global support for its cause through diplomatic relations and multilateral collaborations. However, the persistent character of the occupation necessitated a thorough reconsideration of peacekeeping procedures and strategies, as evidenced by the current situation in Ukraine. Georgia hopes to improve its ability to detect and deter acts of aggression by increasing interaction with regional and international players. Furthermore, policies that foster discussion and reconciliation are critical components of any long-term peace deal. Discussion: the article seeks to depict Georgia’s ongoing struggle with occupation using dogmatic and comparative legal analysis. This approach demonstrates the critical necessity for ongoing international engagement and support. Georgia is attempting to overcome the problems of the occupation and achieve its vision of a safe future by upgrading current processes and contributing to the modernization of the peacekeeping system.
The Qur’ān and Sunnah as a conceptual foundation of Islamic architecture

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article discusses the theme of the Qur’ān and Sunnah as a conceptual foundation of Islamic architecture. It concludes that Islamic architecture is the type of architecture that is inspired and guided primarily by the teachings and belief system of Islam. Islamic architecture in its capacity as a physical locus of life, which to Muslims signifies a form of worship (‘ibādah), is a framework for the implementation of Islam as a complete code of human existence. The Qur’ān and Sunnah, as the divine and eternal sources of Islam and Islamic civilization, it follows, ought to play a foremost role in shaping the conceptual disposition of Islamic architecture. Such roles in this article are summed up as follows: the Qur’ān and Sunnah and adequate perception of the world of architecture, the Qur’ān and Sunnah as the sources of architectural inspiration and catalysts for creativity, averting the vices often associated with architecture, and Prophet Muḥammad (pbuh) and the creation of the city of Madinah. In order to give an extra emphasis to the importance of the subject in question, the topics of the meaning and significance of true Islamic architecture, and the state of Islamic architecture literature, are firstly elucidated. Against that backdrop, the core and main thrust of the article is then approached and discussed. The nature of the article, along with its content, methodology and conclusions, is conceptual and philosophical, rather than empirical.
Machine-Learning Based Prediction Model for Acute Kidney Injury Induced by Multiple Wasp Stings: Incorporating Four Admission Clinical Indices

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI) following multiple wasp stings is a severe complication with potentially poor outcomes. Despite extensive research on AKI's risk factors, predictive models for wasp sting-related AKI are limited. This study aims to develop and validate a machine learning-based clinical prediction model for AKI in individuals with wasp stings. We retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 214 patients with wasp sting injuries. Among these patients, 34.6% (74/214) developed AKI. Using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and multivariate logistic regression analysis, the number of stings, presence of gross hematuria, systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), and platelet count were identified as prognostic factors. A nomogram was constructed and evaluated for its predictive accuracy, showing an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.757 (95% CI 0.711 to 0.804) and a concordance index (C-index) of 0.75. The model's performance was assessed through internal validation, leave-one-out cross-validation, net reclassification improvement (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and decision curve analysis (DCA). Validation confirmed the model's reliability and superior discrimination ability over existing models, as demonstrated by NRI, IDI, and DCA. This nomogram accurately predicts the risk of AKI in wasp sting patients, facilitating early identification and management of those at risk.
Effects of a synthetic precocene on late embryos and subsequent development of the cockroach Diploptera punctata

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Precocene III (PIII, 7-ethoxy-precocene II), dissolved in acetone, was applied to eggs in the brood sac of Diploptera punctata females, at 55–56 days or 62–63 days (about 83.5 ± 1.0% or 95.5 ± 1.0% of the gestation period, respectively) after the mother's ecdysis to adult. Controls received acetone alone or no treatment. Acetone itself induced abortion in many instances and reduced the number of surviving progeny from those females that did give birth. These lethal effects were more pronounced after PIII treatment. A portion of the surviving nymphs that had been treated as eggs with PIII developed normally up to the fourth stadium, although the duration of this development, especially that of the first stadium, was longer than in the controls. In contrast, another portion of the nymphs that had hatched from precocene-treated eggs exhibited disturbed development. Treatment of the eggs in 55- to 56-day-old mothers with the highest dose still permitting hatching (40 μg of PIII in 2 μL of acetone, into the brood sac) yielded the highest proportion of disturbed development. In almost all instances of such disturbed development, the moult from the second to the third stadium was greatly delayed and the insects died in or shortly after an unsuccessful ecdysis, some of them exhibiting slightly prothetelic wings. No sign of precocious metamorphosis was observed in the first or second stadium. These results are compared with those in the literature on the effects of surgical allatectomy of the second and later instars of D. punctata. The morphogenetic role of the juvenile hormone in the early part of postembryonic development is also discussed.
Treatment of the multiply injured patient: plans for treatment and problems of major trauma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Certain principles involved in the treatment of fractures have stood the test of time. The thrust of modern orthopaedics has been to decrease morbidity by combining these principles with developments in physiology, bioengineering, radiology, and antibiotics. The goal remains anatomic bone union without infection and normal joint and muscle function. The surgeon's mission is to achieve this goal. For the multiply injured patient, survival depends on the quality of care. Surgical orientation permits one to stabilize the fractures and restore the patient to activities of daily living. Multiple fractures set the stage for multiple organ failure, and, as we have discussed, stabilization reduces the incidence of these problems. Basically, open fractures must be stabilized with plaster, traction, or surgery. Multiple fractures need rigid stabilization, which can be achieved with various techniques without jeopardizing limb or life. A simple, comprehensive plan should be implemented when the patient arrives in the emergency room. Treatment requires an interdisciplinary approach, with the surgeon heading a team of physicians, nurses, and technicians capable of handling the complications of each organ system. Teamwork and dedication to excellence by all involved will decrease mortality and morbidity. Survival is to be anticipated. If we have restored the anatomy early, before any organ failure, we are then ready to begin rehabilitation and achieve a much finer and enduring end result for the injured patient.
Adenomyoepithelioma of the breast: its diagnostic problems and histogenesis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report three cases of adenomyoepithelioma of the breast that occurred in middle aged women. The tumor is characterized by a balanced proliferation of epithelial tubules and surrounding myoepithelial cells that are spindle shaped or have clear cytoplasms. The first case mimicked tubular adenoma in the initial biopsy. However, on excision it turned out to be an adenomyoepithelioma of the tubular. The other two cases were lobulated types and had fibroadenomatous areas. The morphologic appearance of this tumor varies, making it misleading to other benign or even malignant lesions. The tumor has a potential for local recurrence, therefore, wide excision is recommended for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Ventilation on Intellectual Productivity

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Indoor air quality (IAQ) influences the health and intellectual productivity of occupants. This paper summarizes studies investigating the relationship between intellectual productivity and IAQ with varying ventilation rates. We conducted a meta-analysis of five studies, with a total of 3679 participants, and performed subgroup analyses (arithmetic, verbal comprehension, and cognitive ability) based on the type of academic performance. The task performance speed and error rate were evaluated to measure intellectual productivity. The effect size of each study was evaluated using the standardized mean difference (SMD). In addition, we calculated a dose-response relationship between ventilation rate and intellectual productivity. The results show that the task performance speed improved, SMD: 0.18 (95% CI: 0.10–0.26), and the error rate decreased, SMD: −0.05 (95% CI: −0.11–0.00), with an increase in ventilation rate. Converting the intervention effect size on the SMD into the natural units of the outcome measure, our analyses show significant improvements in the task performance speed: 13.7% (95% CI: 6.2–20.5%) and 3.5% (95% CI: 0.9–6.1%) in terms of arithmetic tasks and cognitive ability, respectively. The error rate decreased by −16.1% (95% CI: −30.8–0%) in arithmetic tasks. These results suggest that adequate ventilation is necessary for good performance.
[Noncardiac surgery and congenital heart diseases: pathophysiological approach].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim of this paper is to describe an approach to the patient with congenital heart disease (CHD) who is undergoing noncardiac surgery. Emphasis is placed on the pathophysiology of the lesion in order to facilitate the development of an anesthetic planning. There are three general categories of CHD: obstructive lesions, increased pulmonary blood flow lesions and decreased pulmonary blood flow lesions. Alterations in systemic and/or pulmonary vascular resistances lead to alterations in the quantity of pulmonary blood flow and the ventricles' ability to pump against an obstruction. Selection of anesthetic medications which preserve ventricular function and vascular resistances in a fashion which best maintain pulmonary blood flow and oxygenation and forward cardiac output are the anesthesiologist's goals. No single simple unified approach can be taken when providing anesthesia for the patient with CHD for noncardiac surgery; however, by evaluating each patient's hemodynamic needs in relation to hemodynamic variables which the anesthesiologist may control, a rational and individualized approach can be developed.
Characterization of Bending Stiffness for Honeycomb Sandwich Plate in Three-point Bending Test Using Mechanics of Structure Genome

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Motivated by the concept of Structure Gene (SG) [1] which is defined as the smallest mathematical building block of a structure, a new approach named mechanics of structure genome (MSG) is applied to characterize the bending stiffness of honeycomb sandwich structure in this paper. The constitutive modeling is conducted over a honeycomb sandwich SG by MSG to obtain the equivalent plate properties. Then, on the one side, analytical formulas are derived to directly calculate bending stiffness by the equivalent flexural rigidity and shear rigidity found in the equivalent plate properties. On the other side, the equivalent plate properties can also be applied to shell element for simulation of bending test, which can be handled by a standard finite element analysis (FEA) package such as Abaqus or ANSYS. The MSG approach including both analytical formula and FEM are compared with experiment and direct numerical simulation (DNS). The results show that MSG approach gives good agreement with experiment and DNS while being much more efficient than DNS. The main improvement of MSG approach lies in the absence of ad hoc assumptions and efficiency for both analytical and FEM prediction.
Byzantine-Resilient Multi-Agent Distributed Exact Optimization with Less Data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper studies the distributed multi-agent resilient optimization problem under the f-total Byzantine attacks. Compared with the previous work on Byzantineresilient multi-agent exact optimization problems, we do not require the communication topology to be fully connected. Under the redundancy of cost functions, we propose the distributed comparative gradient elimination resilient optimization algorithm based on the traditional assumptions on strongly convex global costs and Lipschitz continuous gradients. Under this algorithm, we successfully prove that if the number of inneighbors of each normal agent is greater than some constant and the parameter f satisfies certain conditions, all normal agents' local estimations of the global variable will finally reach consensus and converge to the optimized solution. Finally, the numerical experiments successfully verify the correctness of the results.
Responsible AI Management

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract Is there a trade-off between responsible AI and competitive AI? This article reports the results of a survey of business managers that asked what responsible AI management consists of in their organizations, who works on it, and whether it creates business value. The researchers found that (a) business responsible AI management programs consist of 14 main practices that range from tracking legal and policy developments, to adopting AI ethics principles, to appointing a responsible AI committee, (b) companies are more likely to assign the responsible AI management function to people with expertise in privacy, although they rely significantly on those with risk and data analytics expertise (suggesting that effective AI governance may require a combination of skills that go beyond any single position), and (c) responsible AI management may create significant business value by improving product quality, building trust and reputation, preparing the organization for future regulation, and enhancing employee relations. This suggests that there may be a relationship between responsible AI management and business value. If confirmed in future work such as experimental and quasi-experimental research designs, this finding could provide empirical support for the claim that responsible AI management generates significant business value and so is important to corporate strategy in the AI-enabled economy.
PROJECT ACTIVITY OF THE FACULTY SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL EDUCATION

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

An overview of the project activities of the Faculty of Social and Psychological Education of Uman State Pedagogical University named after Pavel Tychyna was carried out. Today, project activity is an effective technology and is used in all spheres of social life. Therefore, the training of specialists in mastering project management methodology is an important component both during the implementation of educational programs in the conditions of a higher education institution, and a condition for effective and innovative scientific activity. Thanks to interdisciplinary cooperation with the public sector and public organizations, a number of social projects are being implemented at the Faculty of Social and Psychological Education of Uman State Pedagogical University named after Pavlo Tychyna.
LPC16∶0 and LPC20∶4 negatively correlate with CVD risk factors whereas SM38∶2 positively correlates with CVD risk factors.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Partial correlations were performed between LPC16∶0, LPC20∶4, or SM38∶2 after log transformation and current known laboratory predictors for cardiovascular disease, adjusting for age and sex. BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, haemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Imtcca0, intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery at baseline; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LPC, lysophosphatidylcholine; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SM, sphingomyelin.</p>
Resistance Allele Frequencies to Cry1Ab and Vip3Aa20, and Performance of Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 susceptible and Single/Dual-Gene Resistant Corn Earworm on Non-Bt and Low Concentrations of Bt Diet

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), is an important agricultural pest and a target species of Bt corn and Bt cotton. Recently, this pest in the U.S. has developed resistance to Cry1/Cry2 corn and cotton. The objectives of this study were to 1) estimate the frequencies of resistance allele to Cry1Ab and Vip3Aa20 proteins in Louisiana populations of H. zea; 2) determine if Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 single/dual-gene resistance in H. zea is associated with fitness costs; and 3) investigate the effect of three low concentrations of mixed Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 proteins on the growth, development, and reproduction of two known Bt-susceptible strains and six Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 single/dual-gene homozygous/heterozygous resistant strains of H. zea. Using a F2 screen of iso-female lines of H. zea derived from collections in non-Bt corn fields in Louisiana during 2019, a total of 64 resistance alleles to Cry1Ab were detected in the 55 iso-female lines screened. Thus, the expected resistance allele frequency to Cry1Ab in the Louisiana H. zea populations was estimated to be 0.293. In the screen against Vip3Aa20, no major resistance allele was found in the 57 lines screened, while 5 lines were considered to carry minor resistance alleles. The frequency of major resistance alleles to Vip3Aa20 was estimated to be ≤ 0.013, and the estimated minor resistance frequency to the Vip protein was 0.026. Results of the fitness study showed that the Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 single/dual gene resistance in H. zea was not associated with any observable fitness costs. On diet treated with the three low concentrations of mixed Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2, the two known susceptible H. zea strains could not complete their life cycle and produce no viable eggs, while all other insect strains containing resistance alleles completed the life cycle and produced viable offspring. With few exceptions, the effect of the mixed Bt proteins on the insect strains/genotypes carrying resistance alleles was significant only for the highest concentration assayed. Information generated from this study can be used to better understand the Bt resistance evolution in H. zea and to improve the current IRM programs to preserve the Vip3A susceptibility in H. zea.