jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Detection of Chronic Wasting Disease in the Lymph Nodes of Free-Ranging Cervids by Real-Time Quaking-Induced Conversion

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Chronic wasting disease (CWD), a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of deer, elk, and moose, is the only prion disease affecting free-ranging animals. Since the disease was first identified in northern Colorado and southern Wyoming in 1967, new epidemic foci of the disease have been identified in 20 additional states, as well as two Canadian provinces and the Republic of South Korea. Identification of CWD-affected animals currently requires postmortem analysis of brain or lymphoid tissues using immunohistochemistry (IHC) or an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with no practical way to evaluate potential strain types or to investigate the epidemiology of existing or novel foci of disease. Using a standardized real-time (RT)-quaking-induced conversion (QuIC) assay, a seeded amplification assay employing recombinant prion protein as a conversion substrate and thioflavin T (ThT) as an amyloid-binding fluorophore, we analyzed, in a blinded manner, 1,243 retropharyngeal lymph node samples from white-tailed deer, mule deer, and moose, collected in the field from areas with current or historic CWD endemicity. RT-QuIC results were then compared with those obtained by conventional IHC and ELISA, and amplification metrics using ThT and thioflavin S were examined in relation to the clinical history of the sampled deer. The results indicate that RT-QuIC is useful for both identifying CWD-infected animals and facilitating epidemiological studies in areas in which CWD is endemic or not endemic.
Business Innovation Through Holistic Leadership‐Developing Organizational Adaptability

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper offers new theoretical contributions and practical knowledge to existing leadership theories. Through a detailed study of the major corporation SoftBank, a Japanese company achieving business innovation at a global level in recent years, and insights gained on the leadership for organizational adaptability of practitioners driving strategic innovation, this paper presents a framework for ‘holistic leadership’ with a fractal nature as a complex adaptive system. In the three ‘practice layers’ of the ‘formal organizational layer’, ‘psychological boundary layer (adaptive space)’ and the ‘informal organizational layer’, practitioners (in the three management layers of top management, middle management and staff) dynamically use ‘centralized leadership’, ‘dialectical leadership’ and ‘distributed leadership’ and combine them depending on the situation, to achieve a balance between various contradictory elements such as the ‘tug‐of‐war between efficiency and creativity’, and demonstrate organizational adaptability. Through an in‐depth case study, this paper illustrates that holistic leadership in modern companies is a source of business innovation. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
[The esophageal transport function in patients with nodular goiter and in patients operated on for thyroid cancer].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A study was made of changes of esophageal transport function in 10 patients with thyroid adenoma and in 27 patients after surgical and radiotherapeutic management for thyroid cancer. The results were compared with those of a control group. Significant data on changes on esophageal transport function in patients with thyroid adenoma were unnoticed. Esophageal dysfunction after operation and radioactive iodine therapy for cancer was detected in 55%. Dysfunction was thought to be caused by dysphagia which showed direct correlation with the severity of hypothyroidism.
Tyrosine-specific protein phosphorylation is regulated by glycoprotein Ilb-IIIa in platelets (integrins/protein-tyrosine kinases/cell-matrix recognition)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We have previously shown that a number of platelet proteins become phosphorylated at tyrosine residues in response to platelet-activating agents. Here we present two lines of evidence implicating a platelet integrin, glycoprotein lIb-IlIa, in the regulation of a specific subset of these tyrosine phosphorylations. (i) Two peptides that inhibit the binding of fibrinogen and other ligands to gpIlb-IIIa, Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser and His-His-Leu-Gly-Gly-Ala-Lys-Gln-Ala-Gly-Asp-Val, also inhibited the thrombin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of this subset of proteins. The tetrapeptide Arg-Gly-Glu-Ser, which does not inhibit fibrinogen binding, did not inhibit thrombin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation. (ii) Platelets lacking gpIIb-IIIa (from a subject with Glanzmann thromb- asthenia) did not undergo this subset of tyrosine phosphoryl- ations in response to thrombin, although other serine, threo- nine, and tyrosine phosphorylations proceeded normally. These findings suggest a role for tyrosine-specific protein phosphorylation in integrin-mediated cell-matrix recognition.
New Guidance for Hepatitis C Testing

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Extraction the diagonal and off-diagonal components of permittivity tensor using terahertz time-domain polarimetry

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy is a unique spectroscopic technique that determines amplitude and phase change resulting from terahertz wave interaction with material. The method terahertz time-domain polarimetry may be an alternative method. It is a characterization technique in which the change of polarization state of the wave transmission through the sample is measured. We propose analytical description of extraction the diagonal and off-diagonal components of permittivity tensor of materials in the terahertz frequency range using terahertz time-domain polarimetry. Using the diagonal and off-diagonal components of the permittivity tensor of materials, the effective mass, Hall mobility, and scattering time can be calculated.
Deschampsia setacea (Huds.) Hack. NGB 31827

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Deschampsia setacea (Huds.) Hack.
Common name(s): bog hair grass
Other names: Stenbjerg_ke201508060201
Conserved by: Nordgen (NORDGEN), Sweden
Local sample unique identifier: NGB 31827
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2018-07-06
Historical: Yes
Biological status: Wild
MLS status: Not included
Desulfurization of coal by solvent leaching method

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract High sulfur and high ash both coals are unsuitable for their efficient use in gasification, liquefaction, combustion, and carbonization purposes. Coal is being used as an energy source all over the world which results in increasingly environmental issues and other deleterious effects, so the contribution of coal in power production in Pakistan is very small. Total sulfur contents in major coal fields are in the range of 0.5 - 10 wt% roughly. Utilization of such high ash and sulfur coals causes the environmental pollution and other effects. So prior to its utilization, it is necessary to desulfurize and demineralize such coals. Physical, biological and chemical processes are used for the coal cleaning method. Present work aims at the desulfurization of Pakistani coal from Lakhra and Makarwal by using chemical method which involves the leaching of coal with acids, under different conditions of temperature, particle size and agitation time for each treatment.
Synthesis of 2‐substituted‐3‐nitroimidazo[1,2‐b]pyridazines as potential biologically active agents

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A new heterocyclic reductive alkylating agent, 6‐chloro‐2‐chloromethyl‐3‐nitroimidazo[1,2‐ b ]pyridazine, was synthesized for the first time. It was shown to react under phase‐transfer catalysis conditions with 2‐nitropropane anion by an S RN 1 mechanism to give excellent yield of isopropylidene derivative formed from a base‐promoted nitrous acid elimination of C‐alkylation product. Extension of this S RN 1 reaction to various nitronate anions led to a new class of 3‐nitroimidazo[1,2‐ b ]pyridazine derivatives bearing a trisub‐stituted double bond at the 2‐position.
Continued Withdrawal from the Cell Cycle and Regulation of Cellular Genes in Mouse Erythroleukemia Cells Blocked in Differentiation by the c-myc Oncogene

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Constitutive expression of the c-myc oncogene blocks dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-induced differentiation of mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells. During the first 12 h of treatment with DMSO, MEL cells undergo a temporary decrease in the level of c-myc mRNA, followed by a temporary withdrawal from the cell cycle. We found the same shutoff of DNA synthesis during the first 12 to 30 h after DMSO induction in normal MEL cells (which differentiate) and in c-myc-transfected MEL cells (which do not differentiate). We also examined whether deregulated c-myc expression grossly interfered with the regulation of gene expression during MEL cell differentiation. We used run-on transcription assays to monitor the rate of transcription of four oncogenes (c-myc, c-myb, c-fos, and c-K-ras); all except c-K-ras showed a rapid but temporary decrease in transcription after induction in both c-myc-transfected and control cells. Finally, we found the same regulation of cytoplasmic mRNA expression in both types of cells for four oncogenes and three housekeeping genes associated with growth. We conclude that in the MEL cell system, the effects of deregulated c-myc expression do not occur through a disruption of cell cycle control early in induction, nor do they occur through gross deregulation of gene expression.
Moscow’s ‘Military-Industrial Complex’: Its Nature and Impact

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Soviet Union's military-industrial complex — that amorphous, not necessarily homogeneous but nevertheless distinct coalition of political, military, economic, industrial, research and bureaucratic interests whose livelihood derives from defence production and consideration — has much in common with its Western counterparts.1 But whereas those of the Anglo-Saxon world grew apart from the state and remained distinct from the state (though recent decades have seen the emergence of a more intimate relationship), Moscow's was always part of and integral to the state. Muscovy's strategic culture, under both Tsars and Commissars, always allowed more military influence over non-military policy considerations and, at the same time, more non-military influence over military matters, strategy and doctrine. The bureaucratic weight of military and related concerns may indeed be greater than that found in the West, but it is qualitatively different: its essence is different, and its implications are different.
A Concise Review of Experimental Works on Proppant Transport and Slurry Flow

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Final proppant distribution inside hydraulic fractures which depends on particle properties, movement and deposition highly impact wellbore productivity and consequently is crucial in modeling and design of hydraulic fracturing. This paper presents a thorough review of laboratory scale tests performed on proppant transport related to hydraulic fracturing treatments and governing physics behind its mechanisms. The interaction between fluid (gas and liquid) and solid particles has been investigated in applied mathematics and physics. In such phenomena, there is always a relative motion between particles and fluids. In this work this relative motion during proppant movement, sedimentation and fluidization in both small- and large-scale lab tests have been assessed in detail. Existing correlations which relate proppant particles settling velocity to concentration of proppant particles, fracture wall and inertia effect in Newtonian and non- Newtonian fluid are presented as well. Lab tests show that various parameters determine the proppant particles distribution inside the fractures. Particle settling velocity, an influential parameter in this regard, is impacted by fracture walls, inertia and the presence of other particles. Inertia changes the relation of drag coefficient and Reynold number. Fracture wall and particles concentration decrease settling velocity as drag force increases. At a certain level, concentration reaches to its limit. Proppant concentration, in addition, increases the suspension viscosity, fracture width and net pressure. However, it deceases the fracture length as more pressure loss occurs along the fracture. As a result, well productivity is highly impacted by the proppant settling and distribution. Many studies have been devoted to identifying different aspects of hydraulic fracturing and proppant transport mechanisms in porous media. This study highlights the key parameters and their effects, existing correlations and physics behind them for better understanding and management of this mechanism.
Design Of Step Pyramidal Nanoparticle For Plasmonic Photovoltaics

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Plasmonic Photovoltaics (PVs) are an effective method for increasing optical absorption by adding metallic nanoparticles to the photovoltaic active layer. The role of these nanoparticles is confining the incident light near them in the PV cell, resulting in thin film PVs of enhanced efficiency. Therefore, different materials and new NPs shapes are used for this purpose. In this research, a step pyramid is introduced as a novel structure for nanoparticles for enhancing plasmonic PVs by embedding an array of the proposed step pyramid nanoparticles within the PV cell. Therefore, the extinction cross-section at different dimensions of the NP is studied. Also, the field modes of the plasmonic PV are studied, showing the confinement of the field around the edges of the proposed NPs. Thus, the proposed structure is a promising candidate for enhancing Photovoltaics performance.
Cross-Sectional Determinants of Information Quality Proxies and Cost of Capital Measures

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the source of the documented empirical link between measures of “accruals quality” and a firm’s cost of capital. First, we argue that when regressions include accruals quality and operating volatility as determinants, these highly correlated measures capture different underlying constructs. Second, we find that in such regressions, the accruals quality measure displays inconsistent associations, while operating volatility variables display robust associations, with various cost of capital measures. Third, we provide research design suggestions to disentangle the effect of accruals quality from operating volatility, and we show how this method leads to less noisy coefficient estimates. These findings should be useful in designing empirical tests of the hypothesized associations involving accruals quality, operating volatility, and cost of capital.
[Effects of cytokine signaling 3 suppressors gene on c-fos and c-jun mRNA expression and proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells in rat under hypoxia].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hypoxia induced expression of c-fos and c-jun genes, which might play an vital role in the early stage of PASMCs proliferation. SOCS3 protein may inhibit proliferation of PASMCs by lowering the tyrosine-phosphorylated level of STAT3 protein under hypoxia.
An Analysis of Flash Page Reuse With WOM Codes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Flash memory is prevalent in modern servers and devices. Coupled with the scaling down of flash technology, the popularity of flash memory motivates the search for methods to increase flash reliability and lifetime. Erasures are the dominant cause of flash cell wear, but reducing them is challenging because flash is a write-once medium— memory cells must be erased prior to writing. An approach that has recently received considerable attention relies on write-once memory (WOM) codes, designed to accommodate additional writes on write-once media. However, the techniques proposed for reusing flash pages with WOM codes are limited in their scope. Many focus on the coding theory alone, whereas others suggest FTL designs that are application specific, or not applicable due to their complexity, overheads, or specific constraints of multilevel cell (MLC) flash. This work is the first that addresses all aspects of page reuse within an end-to-end analysis of a general-purpose FTL on MLC flash. We use a hardware evaluation setup to directly measure the short- and long-term effects of page reuse on SSD durability and energy consumption, and show that FTL design must explicitly take them into account. We then provide a detailed analytical model for deriving the optimal garbage collection policy for such FTL designs, and for predicting the benefit from reuse on realistic hardware and workload characteristics.
Sampled-Data Backstepping Control of a Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Sampled-data backstepping control of a quadrotor UAV is presented in this paper. The discrete time controllers have been designed on the basis of a continuous time system model and an approximate discrete time equivalent system model (Euler Approximate model) obtained using the Euler method. The performance of the controllers obtained using the two sampled-data approaches has been compared in the presence of wing gusts and modeling uncertainties. Simulations have revealed that the backstepping controller designed on the basis of an approximate discrete time model has better performance in the presence of wind gusts and modeling uncertainties. In addition, the closed loop system has a larger region of attraction.
A Proposal for Modelling Enterprise Knowledge in Virtual Enterprises

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Enterprise Modelling is defined as the art of "externalising" enterprise knowledge. Many languages, standards and tools have been successfully developed over last few decades to model almost any dimension of an enterprise: process, decision, product, and so forth, and even for modelling Virtual Enterprises. However, some shortcomings of Enterprise Modelling have still not been solved. Some of the most important are related to the interoperability, but also linked to the fact that Enterprise Modelling should be focused on enterprise knowledge, since it provides enterprise models with real value. In this context, this paper outlines my PhD thesis, which describes the problematic situation that is the origin of this research and the solutions suggested to solve it, as well as the progress made in the research. The aim of the thesis is to investigate the possibilities of using UML 2 and Profiles mechanism in order to provide a framework in which to solve interoperability problems related to Enterprise Modelling and which takes into account the knowledge dimension in the context of Virtual Enterprises, where interoperability problems are greater.
Experimental Analysis on Skid Damage of Roller Bearing with the Time-Varying Slip and Temperature Distribution

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Skid damage affects the performance of aviation bearing, which covers different disciplines in tribology, thermology, materials science, dynamics, et al. In this manuscript, a novel horizontal skid damage test rig of a rolling bearing with higher rotation accuracy and better linear contact was built, which can simulate the rolling/sliding contact between the roller and inner ring. Combining with temperature, load, speed, slip, and surface microscopy, the skid damage mechanism of roller bearings was analyzed from a multi-information perspective. Meanwhile, the dynamic lubrication failure process of the contact pair in rolling bearings with the time-varying slip and temperature distribution was revealed. The effect of different radial loads, inner ring speeds, lubricating oil quantities, and states of cleanliness on the time-varying characteristics of the temperature and the slip of the rolling bearing were obtained. Among them, the radial load has the greatest influence on the slip rate of rolling bearing. In addition, the test results show that the skid damage under extremely light load is the comprehensive effect of adhesive wear and thermal failure.
Studies on the stability of vitamin A in the stomach and small intestine

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The instability of vitamin A alcohol relative to vitamin A acetate has been studied in vivo and in vitro. Vitamin A alcohol is more unstable than vitamin A acetate in human gastric and duodenal juice and in rats' stomachs and intestines and is more marked at lower p H levels and in rats' stomachs. Alpha tocopherol improved the absorption curve of vitamin A alcohol in man by protecting it in gastric and duodenal juice. This protective effect could not be demonstrated in the rat.
Comparative Study of the Dimensional and Shape Accuracy of Parts Made of 316L Manufactured Using the SLM and Casting Methods after Milling and WEDM

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Parts made using selective laser melting (SLM) often require improvements to the quality of side surfaces. Therefore, the analysis of the machinability of metallic printed material is new/innovative. The surface of printed parts requires improvement in quality—surface roughness. Hence, there is a need for effective manufacturing techniques that improve the quality of the side surfaces of printed parts. In our work, we try to fill this research gap. This work comparatively analyzed the surface quality (roughness parameter Ra) after milling and wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM). The processed material was AISI 316L stainless steel, which was produced using the casting and SLM method. In the case of printed material, the influence of the direction of the tool (perpendicular, parallel) on the arrangement of sintered layers was also analyzed. The analysis of the results showed that processing the cast material and processing the material perpendicular to the arrangement of the layers gives similar results—similar relationships between the processing parameters and surface roughness were observed. However, processing parallel to the arrangement of sintered layers showed ambiguity in the relationships. Moreover, the best results of the Ra parameter (0.1–0.2 µm) were obtained for feeds of 0.08 mm/rev and 0.12 mm/rev and a cutting speed of 90 m/min. In this work, the novelty is the comparison of the surfaces of materials manufactured using different techniques (SLM, casting) after milling and WEDM processing.