jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF SECONDARY METABOLITES, ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND COMPOUND COMPOSITION IN THE SEA CUCUMBER Bohadschia sp. EXTRACT

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<em><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span lang="EN-AU">Bohadschia</span></span><span lang="EN-AU"> sp. is one of the sea cucumber species that has potential to be developed as a source of antibacterial from the sea. Samples of sea cucumber <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Bohadschia</span> sp. used in this study collected from the Ratai bay waters, Lampung. This study aims to determine the type of secondary metabolites, antibacterial activity and compound composition analysis containing in the sea cucumber extract. Identification of secondary metabolites by observation of color reactions, precipitation and foam. The method used to antibacterial activity test was the agar diffusion method, while</span><span> i</span><span lang="EN-AU">dentification of the composition of compounds<span> performed with</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-AU"> </span></span><span lang="EN-AU">G</span><span>as </span><span lang="EN-AU">C</span><span>hromatogaphy</span><span lang="EN-AU">-M</span><span>ass </span><span lang="EN-AU">S</span><span>pectroscopy (GC-MS) </span><span lang="EN-AU">method.</span><span lang="EN-AU">Top of Form</span><span lang="EN-AU">The results showed that the type of secondary metabolites contained in the extract of sea cucumber <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Bohadschia</span> sp. were steroids and saponins. The extract of sea cucumber <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Bohadschia</span> sp. showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Vibrio eltor. Results of GC-MS were 12 compounds and have a similarity index same or more than 90%. All compounds consist of organosilicon cyclic, fatty acid, steroid, cyclo alkene and alkena. The compound with biggest abundance was </span><span>cholest-5-en-3-yl nonanoate (4.89%) and retention time was 37.370 minutes.</span></em>
Progresses in Breeding Restorer Lines of Indica Hybrid Rice

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The breeding achievements of the restorer lines of indica hybrid rice in China were reviewed.The research progresses in breeding restorer lines of indica hybrid rice in grain quality,grain yield and pest and disease resistances were summarized.The breeding objective for restorer lines in the future was considered to be the combination of a good plant type and a wider genetic distance,and the molecular techniques would play a more important role in breeding of restorer lines in rice.
Asset and Factor Risk Budgeting: A Balanced Approach

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Portfolio optimization methods have evolved significantly since Markowitz introduced the mean-variance framework in 1952. While the theoretical appeal of this approach is undeniable, its practical implementation poses important challenges, primarily revolving around the intricate task of estimating expected returns. As a result, practitioners and scholars have explored alternative methods that prioritize risk management and diversification. One such approach is Risk Budgeting, where portfolio risk is allocated among assets according to predefined risk budgets. The effectiveness of Risk Budgeting in achieving true diversification can, however, be questioned, given that asset returns are often influenced by a small number of risk factors. From this perspective, one question arises: is it possible to allocate risk at the factor level using the Risk Budgeting approach? First, we introduce a comprehensive framework to address this question by introducing risk measures directly associated with risk factor exposures and demonstrating the desirable mathematical properties of these risk measures, making them suitable for optimization. Then, we propose a novel framework to find portfolios that effectively balance the risk contributions from both assets and factors. Leveraging standard stochastic algorithms, our framework enables the use of a wide range of risk measures to construct diversified portfolios.
Fertility in India: An Econometric Analysis of a Metropolis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study analyses household fertility behaviour and attempts to formulate and test several socio-economic hypotheses of fertility in India on the basis of data collected from the metropolitan city of Delhi. Factorial investigations of thirty-four selected variables representing socio-economic, demographic and cultural variables highlight the relative significance of different factors in different aspects of fertility behaviour.
Check-control of inflammation displayed by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in rheumatoid arthritis patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising treatment of different musculoskeletal diseases including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Results from different approaches in this treatment have been not conclusive. Aim: To analyze factors related to interactions between peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and MSCs and the influence of cellular activation. Materials & methods: PBMCs from RA patients and healthy controls (HC) were obtained. MSCs from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) were obtained from six donors. CD4, CD25, CD69 and CD127 expression was measured by flow cytometry. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) models were performed using activation, co-culture with BM-MSCs and time of culture (24 h, 72 h, 6 days) as within-subject variables. Results: PBMCs activated and co-cultured with BM-MSCs showed a lower proportion of CD25-positive and CD25high/CD127low-negative cells in both RA and HC. Additionally, a maintained expression of CD69 was also observed in RA and HC when PBMCs were activated and co-cultured with BM-MSCs. Conclusion: Both PBMC activation grade and RA disease activity influence the immunomodulatory effect of BM-MSCs on T-cell activation.
SPACE-TIME SYMMETRIES AND VORTICES IN THE COSMOS

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

By carefully studying the (1, 0) ⊕ (0, 1) representation space for massive particles we point to the existence of certain inherent tachyonic dispersion relations: E 2 = p 2 − m 2 . We put forward an interpretation that exploits these "negative mass squared" solutions; rotational invariance is spontaneously broken. Relevance of these results to the vortices in the cosmos is pointed out.
SH1157280.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
ON UNITARITY OF A LINEARIZED YANG–MILLS FORMULATION FOR MASSLESS AND MASSIVE GRAVITY WITH PROPAGATING TORSION

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A perturbative regime based on contortion as a dynamical variable and metric as a (classical) fixed background, is performed in the context of a pure Yang–Mills formulation for gravity in a (2+1)-dimensional space–time. In the massless case, we show that the theory contains three degrees of freedom and only one is a nonunitary mode. Next, we introduce quadratical terms dependent on torsion, which preserve parity and general covariance. The linearized version reproduces an analogue Hilbert–Einstein–Fierz–Pauli unitary massive theory plus three massless modes, two of them represents nonunitary ones. Finally, we confirm the existence of a family of unitary Yang–Mills-extended theories which are classically consistent with Einstein's solutions coming from nonmassive and topologically massive gravity. The unitarity of these Yang–Mills-extended theories is shown in a perturbative regime. A possible way to perform a nonperturbative study is remarked.
Implementing Public Health Policies in practice: how Local Health Authority Roma 1 managed the Ukrainian refugee crisis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Population Medicine considers the following types of articles:• Research Papers -reports of data from original research or secondary dataset analyses.• Review Papers -comprehensive, authoritative, reviews within the journal's scope.These include both systematic reviews and narrative reviews.• Short Reports -brief reports of data from original research.• Policy Case Studies -brief articles on policy development at a regional or national level.• Study Protocols -articles describing a research protocol of a study.• Methodology Papers -papers that present different methodological approaches that can be used to investigate problems in a relevant scientific field and to encourage innovation.• Methodology Papers -papers that present different methodological approaches that can be used to investigate problems in a relevant scientific field and to encourage innovation.
Observation on the anatomy of the proboscis and of the ductus nasopalatinus and ductus vomeronasalis of Solenodon paradoxus Brandt, 1833.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Solenodon paradoxus possesses a proboscis-like, elongated rostrum which is very motile. The rhinarium is remarkable because of its distinctly developed sulci limitantes, sulcus medianus rhinarii, and postnarial hairless integumental pads topographically similar to the crenated folds found in Setifer and Echinops. Rhinarial glands are also present. The sulcus medianus proboscidis (rhinarii) is continuous with the vestibulum oris. Integumental folds affixing the upper lips to the gum are absent, as are the labial part of the sulcus rhinarii and the sulcus papillae palatinae. The anatomical condition of the proboscis and the anterior part of the palate cannot be considered primitive in a phylogenetic sense, because it is essentially different from the situation found in Didelphys, Tupaia, and the lemuriform primates. The vomeronasal organ is in direct communication with the nasal cavity; there is no communication with the ductus nasopalatinus or with the oral cavity. In contrast to Didelphys, Tupaia, and the prosimians so far studied, the nasal cavity opens directly through the nasopalatine duct into the oral cavity proper. These differences are likely to be of taxonomic and phylogenetic significance, although definite conclusions in this regard should not be drawn until the respective conditions of the other insectivores have been studied.
Organic Management Strategies for Controlling Late Blight of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Caused by Phytophthora infestans in Organic Farming System

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is considered to be one of the most destructive diseases of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), particularly under conditions of high humidity and moderate temperatures. It leads to severe yield losses and deterioration of both foliage and tubers, posing a serious threat to food security. In organic farming systems, where synthetic fungicides are prohibited, the development of eco-friendly disease management options is essential. Our study tested several plant extracts and a biological control agent for managing late blight in organic field conditions. Our field experiment was conducted with nine treatments; Trichoderma harzianum (T₁; tuber treatment), neem leaf extract (T₂), garlic extract (T₃), tea extract (T₄), marigold extract (T₅), mint extract (T₆), turmeric extract (T₇), aloe vera gel extract (T₈), and an untreated control (T₀) for comparison purpose. Except for T₁, which was applied as a pre-sowing tuber treatment, all other formulations were applied as foliar sprays. We assessed the disease incidence and severity at regular intervals on 27 replications (5 plants from each replication) using Percent Disease Index (PDI) and 0–9 disease rating scale. Percent Disease Control (PDC) and yield (kg ha⁻¹) were also recorded. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, and S.Em. and C.D. (5 %) were computed. We found the Significant differences among treatments like; Aloe vera extract (T₈) recorded the lowest mean PDI (10.23 %) and the highest PDC (47.27 %), followed by tea extract (T₄), turmeric extract (T₇), and neem extract (T₂). The untreated control (T₀) showed the highest disease incidence (21.81 % PDI at 60 DAS) and the lowest yield. The final yield was significantly improved in T₈. Our results showed, plant-based extracts, particularly aloe vera, can effectively suppress late blight and enhance potato yield under organic farming systems.
Properties of deep spinothalamic tract cells in the rat, with special reference to ventromedial zone of lumbar dorsal horn

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Spinothalamic tract cells lying at the base of the dorsal horn or in deeper areas were identified in the rat at the lumbar spinal cord level by injecting horseradish peroxidase or stimulating posterior thalamic areas. Two groups of neurons were delineated; each constituted a homogeneous population of cells in terms of electrophysiological properties. Ventromedial dorsal horn cells lay at the base of the dorsal horn in its most medial aspect. They constitute a densely packed formation, which in the rat's ascending pathway system is restricted to the spinothalamic tract. Their main characteristics were a) ongoing activity, which consisted of small groups of spikes occurring at regular intervals, with a maximal discharge during ankle extension; b) unilateral receptive fields, which were restricted to the distal parts of the limb and involved both proprioceptive (ankle, joint digits) and exteroceptive (foot skin) structures; c) input of innocuous origin (midrange articular movement, touch, pressure) that was excitatory and input of noxious cutaneous origin (radiant heat) that was inhibitory; the same areas of foot skin were thus potentially either excitatory or inhibitory, depending on the nature of the stimulus applied; d) ankle flexion could differentially modulate both ongoing activity and excitatory responses from distal parts of the limb, inhibiting the former and potentiating the latter. In consequence, the ability of these cells to be driven by both proprioceptive and cutaneous inputs from limb extremities as well as by interactions of these inputs would appear to be very favorable for informing the central nervous system about limb position in both passive postural changes and the step cycle. It is suggested that they supply the thalamus with integrated information about locomotion. Lamina VII cells also constituted a subpopulation of neurons with very homogeneous electrophysiological properties. They were characterized by widespread inhibitory receptive fields, possibly spanning both hindlimbs and the ipsilateral forelimb. Inhibition was most effective when the stimulus (pressure, pinch) was intense and applied to proximal parts of the hindlimb. Ongoing activity consisted of spikes set at regular intervals and sometimes related to midrange movements of the knee. Although the significance of the widespread inhibitory receptive fields remains unclear, it has been suggested that these neurons are involved in the transmission of proprioceptive information.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Does corn phenological stage alter the attractiveness of herbivore-induced plant volatiles to the predatory lacewing Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861)?

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant chemical defenses can affect herbivores directly or indirectly through the emission of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) that recruit natural enemies. Corn seedlings have high concentrations of 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) that deter aphids, but as concentration decreases over the course of plant phenology, plants become less resistant. We investigated whether corn phenological stage influences the attractiveness of Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch, 1856) - infested corn seedling volatiles to the predatory lacewing Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861). In olfactometer, lacewings preferentially oriented to volatiles from aphid-infested over those by uninfested corn seedlings at V6 or V7 stages, but did not discriminate between volatiles from uninfested and aphid-infested V5-stage seedlings. Greater numbers of aphids died in V5 corn seedlings relative to those in V6 and V7 seedlings. Our results indicate that the lack of discrimination of the predatory lacewing to HIPVs emitted by V5 corn seedlings is due to insufficient induction given that they were more resistant to R. maidis.
A study of platelet transfusion support to dengue patients in a hospital based blood transfusion centre

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) are life threatening clinical manifestations of infection due to dengue virus. Thrombocytopenia is found to be a common finding in dengue. The clinical features of Dengue fever are due to bleeding diathesis and increased capillary leak. The suggested features contributing to bleeding include thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy and vasculopathy. This study was undertaken to find out the number of platelet transfusion in dengue patients and to assess whether platelets have been transfused according to AABB guidelines. This was a descriptive study over a period of one year conducted in Father Muller Medical College Hospital Blood Centre. Details of the platelet component transfused during this period were collected, which included name, age, gender, unique identification number, ward number, blood group, clinical symptoms and signs, indications for transfusion, platelet count, haemoglobin level, and number of units of transfusion. The total number of dengue patients were 227 for whom 835 platelet components were transfused during the study period one year (January 2017 to December 2017). Patients between the age group of 31 to 40 comprised of 25.6% who received platelet transfusion. There was male preponderance (68.3%), females accounting to 31.7%. Platelet transfusion was most common in patients belonging to O Rh positive blood group (41.4%) and least (0.4%) was in B Rh negative. Patients with petechiae comprised of 7.5%, gum bleeding (4.4%) and epistaxis (4.0%). Out of 227 patients, 50.7% required 4 units of platelets. This study provides an information on platelet component usage in dengue patients. Twenty seven patients (11.9%) had a count of <10000 and the utilisation was as per AABB guidelines which improved their platelet count and overall health condition. Patients with bleeding manifestation accounted to 15.9% and hence received transfusion
The structure and topography of stretch receptors in representatives of seven orders of insects

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT In Ephemera (Ephemeroptera), Dictyopterygella and Isoperla (Plecoptera), Periplaneta and Blaberus (Dictyoptera), Forficula (Dermaptera), and Dytiscus (Coleoptera) there is a pair of stretch receptors on each side in the dorsal region of most abdominal segments. Each receptor consists of a connective-tissue strand to which is attached a single sensory neuron. One member of each pair is approximately longitudinal and the other approximately vertical in orientation. In Sialis (Neuroptera-Megaloptera) the longitudinal receptor consists of a muscle-fibre and a neuron; the vertical receptor consists of a neuron with one or two long processes. Connective-tissue fibres are absent from both receptors. In Limnophilus and Phryganea (Trichoptera) there is a longitudinal receptor only. It consists of a muscle-fibre to which is attached a tube of connective tissue containing the dendrites of the sensory neuron. The caddis receptor resembles closely the lepidopteran receptor. No abdominal stretch receptors could be found in Rhodnius or Nepa (Hemiptera-Heteroptera), and in Schistocerca and Locusta (Orthoptera) no vertical receptors could be found.
Localization of functionally important genome regions of the Galleria mellonella l. nuclear polyhedrosis virus on the physical map of the vipal genome

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

На BamHI-карте генома вируса ядерного полиэдроза большой вощинной моли с помощью EcoRI найдены два участка, где расположены нуклеотидные последовательности, способные выполнять роль ori-района в эукариотических клетках. На той же карте локализован EcoRI-фрагмент вирусного генома, который в опытах авторов играл роль промотора в прокариотической системе.
Narrative and Value: Authorship in the Story of Money

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Money has value because we agree that it does. This study frames that collective agreement as a narrative and through that lens, considers the dynamics by which the agreement of money’s value has been authored, and continues to be. Using Sohail Inayatullah’s Causal Layered Analysis the project considers what that story is “about” towards an understanding of our collective values inasmuch as they are held by, or noticeably absent from, the most readily used monetary signifier in the world; debt at interest, issued by a central authority, backed by the legal jurisdiction of a nation. With a sense of how the story of money is authored, and what it is about at the level of a foundational myth, the study considers how that story may change with an alternative foundation and explores current signals that resonate with a re-authored story of money. Towards a solution model with an empowered human actor, the study then considers the arena of self-esteem as a framework to consider connections between individual behaviour and the entrenched story of money. Finally, the project considers a simple but tangible solution model for how we might consider the financial transaction as a site for experience design. The solution considers the experience of the transactional relationship as the source material in the story of money, and suggests that we might build authentic wealth by consciously considering the attributes of that experience.