jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Auditory Cueing on the Spatial and Temporal Gait Coordination in Healthy Adults

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Walk ratio, defined as step length divided by cadence, indicates the coordination of gait. During free walking, deviation from the preferential walk ratio may reveal abnormalities of walking patterns. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of rhythmic auditory cueing (metronome) on the neuromotor control of gait at different walking speeds. Forty adults (mean age 26.6 ± 6.0 years) participated in the study. Gait characteristics were collected using a computerized walkway. In the preferred walking speed, there was no significant difference in walk ratio between uncued (walk ratio = .0064 ± .0007 m/steps/min) and metronome-cued walking (walk ratio = .0064 ± .0007 m/steps/min; p = .791). A higher value of walk ratio at the slower speed was observed with metronome-cued (walk ratio = .0071 ± .0008 m/steps/min) compared to uncued walking (walk ratio = .0068 ± .0007 m/steps/min; p < .001). The walk ratio was less at faster speed with metronome-cued (walk ratio = .0060 ± .0009 m/steps/min) compared to uncued walking (walk ratio = .0062 ± .0009 m/steps/min; p = .005). In healthy adults, the metronome cues may become an attentional demanding task, and thereby disrupt the spatial and temporal integration of gait at nonpreferred speeds.
Differentiating Communities in Central Nigeria: Political and Economic Change in Colonial Lafia, Nigeria, 1900-1950

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

L'A. analyse les modalites d'integration des agriculteurs du pays Lafia (Nigeria) dans l'economie coloniale de marche ainsi que la reorganisation des relations politiques entre les communautes locales. Il s'agit de comprendre quels sont les impacts de ces changements sur les dynamiques et les modeles d'echanges dans les structures politiques et socioeconomiques. Cette etude historique s'articule autour de trois axes : 1) signification et consequence de la reorganisation de l'Etat colonial sur les relations politiques entre les communautes Lafia ; 2) dynamiques de la commercialisation des productions agricoles et impacts sur les structure socioeconomiques ; 3) commentaire sur la continuation du changement economique et politique dans les strategies de production jusqu'a la periode contemporaine.
On certain foreign bodies emhedded in the tissues without producing inflammatory symptoms, with remarks on the alleged transit of needles, &c., from the stomach to the integument

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article On certain foreign bodies emhedded in the tissues without producing inflammatory symptoms, with remarks on the alleged transit of needles, &c., from the stomach to the integument Get access Notes and Queries, Volume s5-VII, Issue 167, 10 March 1877, Page 198, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s5-VII.167.198f Published: 10 March 1877
THE LITIGATION BURDEN TO THE NHS FROM SPINAL INJURIES AND SURGERY: ANALYSIS OF 236 CONSECUTIVE CLOSED CLAIMS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Surgical patients have cost the NHS 1.3 billion GBP from 1995. Spinal pathologies can present diagnostic challenges, and the consequences of delayed diagnosis or surgical complications can be devastating and so creating high indemnity costs. We aim to highlight the spinal associated litigation patterns within the United Kingdom. Method Data was obtained from the NHS Litigation Authority from 2002 to 2010. Result From 236 claims, 144 were related to trauma or acute diagnostic issues and 92 from elective surgery. The financial burden to the NHS came to 60.5 million GBP. Of this sum 42.8 million GBP were paid in damages, and the remaining 29% in legal costs. The financial costs were similar for trauma and elective cases. The most frequent cause of successful litigation for trauma were, missed fractures(41.7%), missed cauda equina(23.6%) and spinal infection(11.8%). The emergency department(43.8%), orthopaedic surgery(28.5%) and Medicine(13.9%) bore the brunt of the claims. For elective surgery, Spinal Damage(19.8%), failure in Post-Operative Care(15.4%), Infection(11%) and Wrong Level Surgery, Cauda Equina and Surgical Failure(9.9% each). were likely to result in a successful claim, and the litigation burden was felt by the orthopaedic(60.4%), Neurosurgery(18.7%) and other surgical disciplines(11%). Conclusion Acute spinal fractures, cord compression and infection should be considered in patients in the emergency department setting, with appropriate examination and investigations for uncertainty. A lack of awareness of at risk cases increases the likelihood of a pay-out and sums involved. For elective spinal surgery, a failure in the consenting process and the technical skill of the surgeon are likely to result in a pay-out. A failure to identify post-operative complications such as infection and thromboembolism are also indefensible. Protecting patients intra-operatively and maintaining high technical expertise and vigilance post-operatively in an adequately consented patient may decrease litigation rates.
A urokinase-associated outbreak of Ralstonia mannitolilytica bloodstream infections in haemodialysis patients in north-eastern Italy, January to April 2023

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An outbreak of Ralstonia mannitolilytica bloodstream infections occurred in four hospitals in north-eastern Italy, involving 20 haemodialysis patients with tunnelled central vascular catheter access. We identified as the outbreak source a batch of urokinase vials imported from India contaminated with R. mannitolilytica. Whole genome sequences of the clinical and urokinase strains were highly related, and only urokinase-treated patients were reported with R. mannitolilytica infections (attack rate = 34%; 95% confidence interval: 22.1–47.4). Discontinuation of the contaminated urokinase terminated the outbreak.
Periodically modulated geometric and electronic structure of graphene on Ru(0 0 0 1)

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We report here on a method to fabricate and characterize highly perfect,\nperiodically rippled graphene monolayers and islands, epitaxially grown on\nsingle crystal metallic substrates under controlled UHV conditions. The\nperiodicity of the ripples is dictated by the difference in lattice parameters\nof graphene and substrate, and, thus, it is adjustable. We characterize its\nperfection at the atomic scale by means of STM and determine its electronic\nstructure in the real space by local tunnelling spectroscopy. There are\nperiodic variations in the geometric and electronic structure of the graphene\nmonolayer. We observe inhomogeneities in the charge distribution, i.e a larger\noccupied Density Of States at the higher parts of the ripples. Periodically\nrippled graphene might represent the physical realization of an ordered array\nof coupled graphene quantum dots. The data show, however, that for rippled\ngraphene on Ru(0001) both the low and the high parts of the ripples are\nmetallic. The fabrication of periodically rippled graphene layers with\ncontrollable characteristic length and different bonding interactions with the\nsubstrate will allow a systematic experimental test of this fundamental\nproblem.\n
Unveiling of Novel Radiations within Trichodesmium Cluster by hetR Gene Sequence Analysis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The filamentous nonheterocystous cyanobacterial genus Katagnymene is a common diazotrophic component of tropical and subtropical oceans. To assess the phylogenetic affiliation of this taxon, two partial 16S rRNA gene sequences and 25 partial hetR gene sequences originating from the genera Katagnymene and Trichodesmium collected from open, surface waters of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans were compared. Single trichomes or colonies were identified morphologically by using light microscopy and then used directly as templates in hetR PCR analyses. In addition, three cultured strains, identified as Katagnymene pelagica , Katagnymene spiralis , and Trichodesmium sp., were examined. The data show that the genus Katagnymene is in the Trichodesmium cluster and that K. pelagica Lemmermann and K. spiralis Lemmermann are most likely one species, despite their different morphologies. Phylogenetic analyses also unveiled four distinct clusters in the Trichodesmium cluster, including one novel cluster. Our findings emphasize the conclusion that known morphological traits used to differentiate marine nonheterocystous cyanobacteria at the genus and species levels correlate poorly with genetic data, and a revision is therefore suggested.
Pharmacognostical Analysis of Rooibos Leaves

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Aspalathus linearis, (Family: Fabaceae) is commonly known as “Rooibos” used mainly due to its antioxidant properties. The study aimed to determine the pharmacognostical standards of “Rooibos” available in the local market. Evaluations were conducted in terms of macroscopic, microscopic, physicochemical and phytochemical analysis according to the WHO and other recommended procedures.Physiochemical investigation of plant for the total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash,sulphated ash values and loss on drying re 6.26%, 4.0%, 5.46%, 5.66% and 0.30%, respectively. Keywords: Rooibos · Aspalathus linearis, Fabaceae , Rooibos, Pharmacognosy
Research Review on Energy Storage Technology in Power Grid

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This paper introduces energy storage technology in Power Grid. Firstly, it briefly expounds the significance and value of energy storage technology research in Power Grid, analyzes the role of it. Then this paper introduces various types of storage technology such as superconducting magnetic energy storage, super capacitor energy storage, sodium sulfur battery, lithium ion, flow battery technology, and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. Demands on energy storage technology in Power Grid are also summarized. And it focuses on the research status of energy storage technology in power grid. Finally, both some existing problems and the future development trend of energy storage technology in power grid are presented.
Pilot testing the mobile app of ‘Geen Paniek’: a usability and effectiveness trial

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background
A lot of people in the world suffer from panic disorder. Panic can have big influence on daily life routines and causes affected people and their families to change their habits, to avoid particular situations and even to quit their jobs. Besides the personal discomfort, the financial load for treatment and work absence means expenses of millions of Euros for the government. Although panic disorder cannot be forecasted, research shows that early intervention for help-seekers is effective. In the Netherlands is an effective CBT based course developed for group sessions with guidance of a professional to reduce panic complaints (‘Geen Paniek’). New technologies influence the development of healthcare in many ways. EHealth and mHealth in particular are widely used terms nowadays and have a lot of potential to influence healthcare. Intervention programs which are always available for the user like smartphone apps, could possibly be more cost- effective than existing face- to- face and online treatments. This paper is a pilot test about the prototype of the mobile adaptation of the course ‘Geen Paniek’. Methods used are think-aloud scenarios, a test period and interviews.
Findings
The usability test and the interviews yielded comments concerning system, content and service quality. These comments were interpreted into points of improvement. It was no indication of effect of the mobile application found.
Discussion
Examples for points of improvement in system quality are the structure of ‘Mijn geen paniek’ which should be reconsidered, the restructuring of the home screen to make the app more intuitive, an optical differentiation between ‘Mijn geen Paniek’ and ‘cursus’ and the reduction of depth of the exercise links. Promising results in the content and the service quality were found. No significant points of improvement could be identified. The respondents were mostly satisfied with the given information and the service the app offers. Because of the non-affected sample in this trial, an effect of the app could not be expected. The result of the PDSS-SR pre and posttest comparison supports this expectation. Recommendations for further development and research are given.
The geriatric headache: a unique clinical ailment.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The "geriatric headache" may be a unique clinical ailment. A change in a chronic headache pattern or a new onset headache should raise suspicion immediately in an elderly patient. Temporal arteritis occurs almost exclusively in the elderly population. Because of its grave prognosis and ease of treatment, this condition should always be considered a possibility in the elderly patient with headache. A throbbing non-migranous headache may indicate an impending cerebrovascular event. Other causes of headache, such as mass lesions (tumours, subdural hematomas), drugs (nitrates, estrogens) and depression, take on greater significance in the elderly. While migraine and cluster headaches are more common in young adults, they may begin in older persons; indeed, transient migraine accompaniments are "TIA mimics". The authors hope that this overview of the "geriatric headache" will facilitate early recognition of this ailment which often leads to diagnostic confusion.
Management of Skeletal Class II Malocclusion in Non-Complaint Patient using Powerscope - A Case Report

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Class II malocclusion in pubertal phase presents a major and a common challenge to orthodontists. Proper diagnosis and treatment planning in early stage help in preventing and intercepting the severity of malocclusion. In pubertal phase skeletal Class II malocclusion due to mandibular retrusion are best treated with functional appliance. In recent time PowerScope fixed functional appliance is gaining immense popularity as noncompliant Class II corrector. In the present case report an adolescent male patient having Class II division 1 malocclusion with functional jaw retrusion was treated using MBT 0.022” prescription and PowerScope appliance. 7-8 months of PowerScope wear obtained stable and successful results with improvement in facial profile, skeletal jaw relationship and mild increase in IMPA. It can thus be concluded that PowerScope gives good results in Class II correction with a combination of patient comfort and ease of use that was unmatched among other appliances
Renewable energy penetration fostered using a reversible solid oxide cell installed in an office, school, and hotel

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The renewable energy source (RES) penetration in end use must be strengthened to reach the prefixed decar-bonization targets. A penetration obstacle is represented by the Power Grid, designed with an architecture disinclined to RES unpredictability. Nowadays, different solutions are available to integrate these latter issues without affecting the Grid, among these, the reversible Solid Oxide Cell (rSOC) promises high efficiencies and the possibility to control energy fluxes in both production and storage. In this study, a series of hourly simulations based on real data were designed to evaluate the rSOC capacity to integrate a large number of RESs in the end use of three different buildings, through analyzing the possible congestion on the Power Grid. As a rSOC model we chose the Smart Energy Hub proposed by Sylfen while for the buildings we selected a school, a hotel, and an office located in Procida, Italy. The results show the rSOC capacity to integrate RES increased from 40% to 62% according to the storage capacity and the building's hourly load curve and seasonal consumptions.
Overeating in all-you-can-eat buffet: paying before versus paying after

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A widespread meal-serving system commonly blamed for contributing to the obesity epidemic is the all-you-can-eat buffet, where customers can help themselves to as much food as they wish to eat in a single meal for a fixed entry price. We set forth the hypothesis that buffet restaurants' practice of collecting the price in advance, rather than at the end of the meal, encourages overeating. Viewing advance payment as a token of disrespectful treatment, we first establish this result theoretically by extending two recent and competing models on buffet behaviour to take account of the customer's treatment experience. We then report the results of two experiments conducted in a sushi restaurant which support our hypothesis. The experiments reveal, ceteris paribus , that paying for the buffet meal after eating reduces sushi consumption by about 4.5 units, as compared to paying before eating. The result bears a straightforward and simple policy implication: To help reduce obesity, buffet restaurants should be banned from collecting the price in advance.
Morphological and biological studies on two species of Chionaspis (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Morphological studies in the past have been almost exclusively confined to the description and illustration of adult females. Morphological studies of Diaspididae were further restricted to the pygidial area. This study is an attempt to provide complete descriptions, illustrations, and measurements for morphological characters for all life stages of C. americana Johnson and C. kosztarabi Takagi and Kawai. \n \nThe majority of the specimens were obtained from weekly collections of local infestations on the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University campus. Freshly collected scale insect samples were mounted in both Hoyer's medium and Canada balsam for microscopic study. \n \nThe biologies of the two species in Blacksburg, Virginia were studied using weekly collections. Both species were bivoltine. C. americana overwintered mainly in the egg stage; the first brood hatched about April 20, and the second brood about July 25, in 1972. C. kosztarabi overwintered as fertilized females. Eggs were laid in early spring hatching about May 28 in 1973, and the eggs of the second generation began hatching about August 10, in 1972. Dimorphic males of both species were collected. C. americana males exhibited apterous and brachypterous conditions. C. kosztarabi males were either apterous or pterous. Several species of hymenopterous parasites were reared from each species.
Financial Literacy in Appalachian Kentucky with a National Comparison

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Financial literacy is a national problem; many studies confirmed that Americans have low levels of financial literacy. There is little to no research about financial literacy in Appalachia, and the level of financial literacy was unknown for Appalachian Kentucky. There is a problem deserving attention which can be seen by examination of the 3 key financial indicators. Many researchers found the Appalachian Kentucky region deficient regarding poverty rates, unemployment rates, and personal income rates. The purpose of this study was to develop a baseline level of financial literacy of Appalachian Kentuckians and to compare it to national levels. Becker's theory of human capital served as the theoretical framework of this study. The research questions asked the difference between the levels of financial literacy of Appalachian Kentuckians and Americans. A survey design was used to collect data from residents in an Appalachian Kentucky county (n = 35) that was mathematically average based on the key financial indicators as reported by the Appalachian Regional Commission. The national financial literacy rate was derived from the National Financial Capability Study. A one-sample t test indicated that the financial literacy level of Appalachian Kentuckians is less than the national level. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that financial literacy levels can be predicted either by personal income or poverty. This study offers positive social change by providing a baseline understanding of financial literacy in Appalachian Kentucky to draw more attention to the improvement needs in this area. Improving financial literacy has the potential to improve key financial indicators of the region, and thus, the lives of Appalachian Kentuckians.
Cardiovascular Disease Prediction using Deep Learning and Feature Selection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Due to a variety of alterations in human lifestyles, cardiovascular disease is one of the primary causes of death worldwide. If diagnosed early enough, heart disease can be minimised in about 90% of cases, giving doctors valuable insight about how to diagnose and treat patients. One of the best methods for making predictions is the use of machine learning. Studies on applying ML systems to forecast heart disease only look at the broad picture. Predicting the disease and its root cause is one of the toughest problems we face today. With the use of deep learning algorithms, we have developed an innovative approach in this study to recognise big datasets, improving the precision of cardiovascular disease prediction.In our model, feature selection and artificial neural networks have been used to predict cardiovascular diseases. Feature selection and ANN are two methods based on machine learning (ML) that can be used to select the most pertinent features from a dataset and give helpful prediction results. The accuracy of the two models, which are applied to analyse two distinct datasets, is 83% and 97.42%, respectively.
Photochemical Reaction of Ubiquinone (35). II. Formation of Ubichromenol (35)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

It was made clear that ubichromenol (35) (II) was one of the products of photochemical reaction of ubiquinone (35) (I). It was also found that I was converted to II in good yield with an aliphatic tertiary amine. Perhydroubichromanol (35)(III) and acetylubichromenol (35)(IV) were obtained as derivatives of II.
A clustering scheme for resource allocation of OFDMA based cellular systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a cluster based resource allocation scheme for allocating physical resource blocks (PRBs) in downlink of OFDMA based cellular systems. The proposed scheme includes two phases of clustering and sum rate maximization. In the first phase users are clustered by using an interference graph in a way that users in each cluster are allocated the same PRB. This interference graph helps users to avoid severe interference caused by neighbor cell base stations (BSs), since users that receive high interference from each other's serving BSs are not in the same cluster. In the second phase, the sum weighted rate of users in each cluster is calculated for all PRBs. These values shape the rate matrix. Then, by applying Hungarian algorithm to rate matrix, the optimal resource allocation that maximizes the sum rate of clusters is obtained. Furthermore, users are grouped into cell center users and cell edge ones according to their distance from the BSs. The transmission power levels of users are fixed in two levels, in which the higher level is for cell edge users. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme improves both the throughput of cell edge users and cell center users, compared with the other schemes.