jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Modelling and Optimizing the Integrity of an Automated Vegetable Leaf Packaging Machine

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT This study emphasized the need for postharvest technology in Nigeria's vegetable production to reduce postharvest losses ranging from 5% to 50%, focusing on enhancing processes of automated packaging unit of vegetable processing plant through the use of artificial neural networks (ANN). The experiment was conducted on a vegetable leaf processing plant with the objective of improving the reliability and performance of the automated packaging unit. Operating parameters such as moisture contents, leave particle size, time taken, throughput capacity, and specific mechanical energy consumption were varied to determine the optimum condition for each parameter. Statistical analysis was performed using R software. The appropriate model was chosen based on selection of the highest coefficient of prediction where the additional terms are significant and the model was not aliased, insignificant lack of fit and the maximization of the “Adjusted R 2 value” and the “Predicted R 2 value.” An optimum packaging condition was obtained at 15% moisture content, and 104.4 particle sizes which gave an optimum packaging time of 0.02 h, optimum packaging capacity of 57.31 kg/h, optimum SMEC value of 0.008 kw/h/kg, optimum repeatability value of 0.128 kg, optimum linearity value of 4.713 cm, optimum accuracy value of 5.2 cm (±0.45). The performance of the ANN model was evaluated using various measures such as mean squared error (MSE), the coefficient of determination ( R 2 ), mean absolute error (MAE), and the adjusted R ‐squared (Adj. R 2 ) for packaging machine. The results of this study suggest that ANN can be used to effectively optimize packaging units of the vegetable leaf processing plant.
Nervefunction inworkers withlong termexposure totrichloroethene

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Certain functions ofthenervoussystemwere examined in31printing workers(meanage44) exposed totrichloroethene (meanduration 16 years)and28controls (meanage45).Inthe suralnervetheconduction velocity (SNCV), responseamplitude, and refractory period (SRP)weremeasured.Thelatencies ofthe masseterandtheblink reflex weredetermined totestthetrigeminal nerve.Intheperoneal nervetheconduction velocity offastandslow nervefibres, theresponse amplitude, andthe refractory periodwere determined. As a measureofautonomicnervefunction theresponseoftheheartratewas determined to isometric musclecontraction anddeepbreathing.Individual cumulative exposurewascalculated onthebasisofexposurelevels inthe past.Themean cumulative exposureofthe exposed workers was704ppm x years. Forthe assessment oftheexposureeffect relation a multiple linear regression modelwasused.A slight reduction (-11m/s)intheSNCV was foundandaprolongation (04ms)oftheSRP (meanofthecontrols 1-95ms).Thelatency of themasseterreflex(mean 10-4ms) had increased (0-4ms).Withrespect totheblink reflex noprolongation wasfound. Noimpairmentwasfoundinthefunctions ofmotorand autonomic nerves. Thisstudyshowsthatthe refractory period may beasensitive indicator ofpreclinical toxicneuropathies. Longterm exposure totrichloroethene atthreshold limit values (about35ppm)may slightly affect the trigeminal andsural nerves.
Influence of Spacing and Nutrient Management on Nutrient Content of Okra

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A Field experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture, V. C. Farm, Mandya, Southern Dry Zone of Karnataka to study the effect of different fertilizer levels and different spacings on nutrient content of okra. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with 3 replications. The variety used for the experiment was Arka Anamika. Main plot treatments consisted of three fertilizer levels like 125% RDF, 100 RDF and STCR approach with combination of different spacings, 60 cm × 30 cm, 60 cm × 22.5 cm, 60 cm × 22.5 cm, 60 cm × 15 cm, 60 cm × line sowing and 60 cm / 20 cm / 20 cm. Nutrient content in fruit was differed significantly due to varying levels of nutrients. Application of 125% RDF (M1) recorded significantly higher nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in fruit (2.69, 0.34 and 2.23% respectively), while, lower nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content was observed in STCR approach (2.35, 0.26 and 2.04% respectively). Significantly higher content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in fruit (2.95, 0.37and 2.04% respectively) was observed with the spacing 60 × 30 cm, whereas lower nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content (2.21, 0.24 and 1.86% respectively) in fruit was observed in spacing 60 cm × line sowing. Similar trend was observed in secondary and micronutrients.
Abstract P241: One-Year Cost-Effectiveness of Cytochrome P450 2C19 Genotype-Guided Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVES: Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) genotype has been shown to affect cardiovascular (CV) outcomes for clopidogrel but not prasugrel. This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of CYP2C19-guided vs. routine antiplatelet therapy in ACS patients. METHODS: We constructed a literature-based, decision analytic, Markov model (TreeAge 2009) to estimate the cost-effectiveness of CYP2C19-guided aspirin plus either clopidogrel or prasugrel therapy vs. no genotyping. Post-initial ACS CV events were based on the TRITON-TIMI 38 study and related costs were derived primarily using 2007 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project DRGs for nonfatal MI and stroke, CV death, intracranial hemorrhage, other life-threatening bleed, and minor bleed. Additional costs and disease-state utilities were obtained from other published sources. All costs were adjusted to 2009 $US using the Consumer Price Index medical care component. The model allowed for clopidogrel/prasugrel discontinuation and aspirin monotherapy. Model sensitivity was assessed using 1-way and multi-way analysis of influential parameters. RESULTS: The base case model demonstrated that CYP2C19 genotype guided antiplatelet therapy yielded lower overall annual cost and greater efficacy vs. no genotyping ( Table ). The model was sensitive to (in declining order): clopidogrel cost/day ($1 to $5.78), prasugrel cost/day ($4.09 to $ 6.81), % CYP2C19 extensive metabolizers on clopidogrel (60% to 100%), CYP2C19 test cost ($60 to $250), and monthly CV event management cost. A threshold value for clopidogrel at <$2.14/day favored the no genotyping strategy. However, the genotyping strategy was dominant when clopidogrel cost =$1/day and a CYP2C19 test cost threshold of <$125 on 2-way analysis. CONCLUSIONS: CYP2C19 genotype-guided clopidogrel or prasugrel therapy is cost-effective for up to 1 year in ACS patients, and can remain a preferred strategy at a hypothetical generic clopidogrel cost of $1.00/day. Table Strategy1 Annual Cost Incremental Cost Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY) Incremental QALY Cost/QALY Incremental Cost Effectiveness (ICER) CYP2C19 Genotype-Guided $ 3,211 0.7212 $ 4,452 No Gentoyping $ 3,331 $120 0.6767 - (0.0445) $ 4,921 (Dominated) 1Base case values:Drug wholesale acquisition cost/day: clopidogrel $4.62, prasugrel $5.45; Baseline post-ACS utility = 0.83; Monthly cost for post-CV event management = $351; CYP2C19 genotyping =$185; After genotyping: 80% of extensive metabolizers, 20% of intermediate metabolizers and 10% of poor metabolizers on clopidogrel; 80% on clopidogrel without genotyping; Willingness to pay = $200
Acid phosphatases: androgen dependent markers of rat prostate

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Our investigations on acid phosphatase (AP) were aimed at finding a biochemical assay marker for androgen actions in the rat prostate. We quantitatively examined the effects of l-tartrate or formaldehyde on AP activity in tissue filtrates from nine adult male rat tissues, plasma and hemolysed red blood cells (HRBC). There was significant inhibition of AP activity in all instances with the exception of HRBC with tartrate. The prostate inhibition results were not different from those for seminal vesicles and adrenals but were different from the other tissues studied. Ten days following castration the inhibition by tartrate was less in all tissues studied except plasma and HRBC; the formaldehyde inhibition percentages were not altered. Intraperitoneal testosterone enanthate administration begun 2 days after castration maintained the tartrate inhibitions in the ranges found for noncastrated rats. Gel electrophoresis of the tissue filtrates and staining of the gels for AP indicated two bands of AP activity for the prostate from normal rats and one band of activity for all other tissues. This second band of prostate AP activity was completely eliminated by the addition of formaldehyde and was not found for prostate tissue filtrates from castrated animals. However, it was found for the animals which had received testosterone replacement for 14 days. It would appear that AP can be used as a marker of androgen responsiveness for rat prostate.
[Nelson's syndrome. A case report (author's transl)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Two cases of Nelson syndrome with typical clinical and laboratory features are presented. Both had radiological evidence of pituitary tumor; in one case it was evident on the plain film while in the other one it was better appreciated by means of tomography. It is important in the post-surgery follow-up of patients who underwent bilateral adrenectomy for Cushing's disease a periodical evaluation of skin pigmentation, visual field width and sellar morphology for the early detection of a pituitary adenoma.
Policy implementation analysis on access to healthcare among undocumented immigrants in seven autonomous communities of Spain, 2012–2018

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background In 2012, the Government of Spain enacted Royal Decree-Law (RDL) 16/2012 and Royal Decree (RD) 1192/2012 excluding undocumented immigrants from publicly funded healthcare services. We conducted a policy implementation analysis to describe and evaluate the legal and regulatory actions taken at the autonomous community (AC) level after enactment of 2012 RDL and RD and their impact on access to general healthcare and HIV services among undocumented immigrants. Methods We reviewed documents published by the governments of seven ACs (Andalucía, Aragón, Euskadi (Basque Country), Castilla-La Mancha, Galicia, Madrid, Valencia) from April 2012 to July 2018, describing circumstances under which undocumented immigrants would be able to access free healthcare services. We developed indicators according to the main systemic barriers presented in official documents to analyse access to free healthcare across the participating ACs. ACs were grouped under five access categories: high, medium-high, medium, medium-low and low. Results Andalucía provided the highest access to free healthcare for undocumented immigrants in both general care and HIV treatment. Medium-high access was provided by Euskadi and medium access by Aragón, Madrid and Valencia. Castilla-La Mancha provided medium-low access. Galicia had low access. Only Madrid and Galicia provided different and higher level of access to undocumented migrants in HIV care compared with general healthcare. Conclusions Implementation of 2012 RDL and RD across the ACs varied significantly, in part due to the decentralisation of the Spanish healthcare system. The challenge of healthcare access among undocumented immigrants included persistent systemic restrictions, frequent and unclear rule changes, and the need to navigate differences across ACs of Spain.
Utility of distortion product otoacoustic emissions in hearing assessment for infants and young children with cleft lip and palate

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective To compare distortion product otoacoustic emission(DPOAE) with auditory brainstem responses(ABR) in infants and young children with cleft lip and palate to investigate potential utility of DPOAE in hearing assessment in such patients.Methods DPOAEs were tested in 63 2-42 months(mean 11.83 months) old infants and young children(126 ears) with cleft lip and palate,.Of these patients,23 had simple cleft palate(46 ears,Group A),30 had combined cleft lip and palate(60 ears,Group B),and 10 had simple cleft lip(20 ears,Group C).The(f1× f2)1/2 was defined as the DPOAE test frequencies and 8 such frequencies were tested.Presence of DPOAEs at 3 or more test frequencies between 2 ～ 5 kHz was considered a pass of the test.ABRs were also tested in some patients(34 ears from Group A,20 ears from Group B and 12 ears from Group C).Results DPOAE pass rate was 15.22%,in Group A,10.00% in Group B and 90% in Group C,respectively.The difference in DPOAE pass rate and ABR threshold were statistically significant between groups A and C,and between groups B and C,but not so between groups A and B.When compared to the rate of normal ABRs,the DPOAE pass rate showed no statistically significant difference in groups A and B(P 0.05),but was different from the normal ABR rate in group C(P 0.05).However,the general trends were comparable between the two rates.Conclusion Compared with ABRs,DPOAEs are a relatively easy and rapid test,with consistent results.The comparable results between DPOAE and ABR tests suggest that DPOAEs can be a useful method for hearing assessment in young patients with cleft lip and palate.However,to further classify and quantify hearing impairment,other hearing tests should also be considered.
A preliminary study on removing nitrate in groundwater by using rice wine for the rural drinking water

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In order to remove nitrate in groundwater for the rural drinking water,rice wine was used as carbon source for denitrification and simple sand barrels were used as devices in this study. Its aim was to examine the effect of dinitrification in the presences of different ethanol concentrations and rich oxygen. The experimental results indicated that the effect of nitrate removal was directly related to the ratio of C/N. When the ratio of C/N was greater than 1. 99,nitrate removal rate reached99 % and nitrite did not accumulate,but acetate accumulated obviously. When the ratio of C/N equaled to 0. 89,nitrate removal rate could reach 99 %,but nitrite was significantly produced. When the ratio of C/N degraded to 0. 43,denitrification process was not complete. Dissolved oxygen with high initial concentration had no significant effect on denitrification as the higher C/N ratio was provided. The range of 0. 89- 1. 99 of C/N ratio appeared to be suitable. Because the device was easy built and the carbon source( i. e. rice wine) was easy obtained,this study may present a feasible and acceptable way to ex-situ remediate groundwater polluted by nitrate for the rural family.
The Fine Structure of Genetic Tumor Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Tissue from genetic tumors at an early stage of development on young seedlings of Nicotiana suaveolens x N. langsdorffii was examined with the electron microscope. Such tumors, which first appear on the stem immediately below the petioles of the first and second leaves, are composed essentially of three cell types. They are covered by a single layer of epidermal cells of which two specializations, guard cells and trichomes, were observed. The majority of cells in the tumors are large, irregularly shaped, highly vacuolated, parenchymal cells. Meristematic cells, which are found in clusters close to the surface of the tumor, are the third cell type. A membrane-bound inclusion was observed within the plastids of all of the cell types within the tumor. It consists of granular material which accumulates within an intrathylakoid space. There are no major differences in ultrastructure between parenchymal cells of genetic tumors and their normal counterparts from stems without any signs of tumor formation.
Household Risk Management in Senegal

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study explores risk management and risk coping by Senegalese households, focusing particularly on individual vulnerability to shocks within the household by (1) documenting the risks faced by households in Senegal by looking at the frequency and types of shocks that households are exposed to, as well as the positive and negative ways in which households cope; (2) assessing the impact of the shocks on household per capita consumption and on human capital accumulation in an attempt to identify which of the household characteristics facilitate coping; and (3) addressing the way shocks affect the intra‐household allocation of resources. Results show that bigger households seem to benefit more from positive shocks, while single parent households or households headed by unmarried women are more affected by negative shocks than other households. Additionally, the authors reveal that poor households are more vulnerable than non‐poor to shocks, and that asset holding helps in smoothing the impact of shocks on consumption.
The Relationship Between the Patient's Abdominal Circumference, Symphysis Pubis-Fundal Distance, and Vertebral Column Length with the Incidence of Hypotension and the Level of Block in Cesarean Section Operations Performed Under Spinal Anesthesia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction:The incidence of hypotension in cesarean section operations performed with spinal anesthesia varies between 55-90%.In this study, the relationship between the patient's abdominal circumference, symphyseal fundal height, and vertebral column length with the incidence of hypotension and the level of block in cesarean section operations performed under spinal anesthesia was investigated.Methods: The prospective, single-center study was conducted with patients who had undergone cesarean section with spinal anesthesia at the Training and Research Hospital.Pregnant and ASA II group patients older than 37 weeks who were to undergo cesarean section with spinal anesthesia were included in the study.Patients with multiple pregnancies, patients with premature rupture of membranes, preterm patients, and patients in active labor were excluded from the study.Those with diagnoses of abnormal presentation, polyhydramnios, oligohydramnios, macrosomic babies, and intrauterine growth retardation were also excluded from the study.Abdominal circumference was measured at the umbilicus level at the end of expiration in the supine position.Vertebral column length was measured and recorded from the C7 vertebra to the sacral hiatus.The distance of the patient from the symphysis pubis to the highest point of the uterine fundus in the supine position was measured and recorded.Spinal anesthesia was performed in the sitting position with a 26G Quincke spinal needle for the first time through the L4-5 interval and 2 mL of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine was administered.When the block reached T6, the operation was started.Electrocardiogram (ECG), SpO 2 , and arterial blood pressure were monitored, and the first values were recorded.Results: A total of 98 parturient patients were included in this study.Overall, the incidence of hypotension was 87.78% (87 out of 98 parturients).Symphyseal fundal height correlated positively with spinal blockade levels at each different time point except for "Min.4".Discussion and Conclusion: Symphyseal fundal height is a sensitive marker to determine the risk of hypotension after spinal anesthesia.We found that the symphyseal fundal height is a more sensitive marker for hypotension that will develop after spinal anesthesia compared to the other two parameters.
Shorebird embryos exhibit anti‐predator responses

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ground‐nesting shorebirds rely on egg crypsis as one of their main anti‐predator defence strategies. Avian embryos vocalize late in incubation and communicate with parents through the eggshell but calls may compromise crypsis. Conceivably, embryos may cease calling when exposed to signals that suggest a predator is nearby (acoustic crypsis), but this has not been studied. Signals of nearby predators may include bird calls (predator, parental alarm), parental heart rate (higher when predators are nearby), or changes in light and temperature (incubators leave nests when predators are nearby). Experiments using eggs of Red‐capped Plovers Charadrius ruficapillus and Masked Lapwings Vanellus miles examined whether the number of embryonic vocalizations varied with exposure to the above factors. For both species, exposure to predator calls caused fewer embryonic calls (although this effect was evident for only one variant of predator calls for Red‐capped Plover). For Red‐capped Plovers, there was a statistically non‐significant tendency ( P = 0.068) for exposure to light/changed temperature and noise to be associated with fewer calls. Parental heart rate (tested only in Lapwings) and exposure to light/temperature and noise change had no influence on the number of embryonic vocalizations for Masked Lapwings. We show that embryos are able to respond to predator calls and possibly light/temperature/noise levels as cues, in a manner consistent with anti‐predator behaviour before hatching.
Genomic organization of the human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP3)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) play a crucial role in the physiological turnover of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by tightly regulating matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activities. Disturbances in the TIMP/MMP system have been implicated in many disease processes where loss of ECM integrity is a principal feature. More recently, we have shown that mutations in TIMP3 cause the autosomal dominant disorder Sorsby's fundus dystrophy (SFD). This is a macular degeneration disorder with characteristic ECM irregularities in Bruch's membrane. To further facilitate mutational analysis and to provide a basis for functional studies, we now report the genomic organization of the human TIMP3 gene.
Noncommutative Gauge Theory beyond the Canonical Case

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this thesis noncommutative gauge theory is extended beyond the canonical case, i.e. to structures where the commutator no longer is a constant. In the first part noncommutative spaces created by star-products are studied. We are able to identify differential operators that still have an undeformed Leibniz rule and can therefore be gauged much in the same way as in the canonical case. By linking these derivations to frames (vielbeins) of a curved manifold, it is possible to formulate noncommutative gauge theories that admit nonconstant noncommutativity and go to gauge theory on curved spacetime in the commutative limit. We are also able to express the dependence of the noncommutative quantities on their corresponding commutative counterparts by using Seiberg-Witten maps. In the second part we study noncommutative gauge theory in the matrix theory approach. There, the noncommutative space is a finite dimensional matrix algebra (fuzzy space) which emerges as the ground state of a matrix action, the fluctuations around this ground state creating the gauge theory. This gauge theory is finite, goes to gauge theory on a 4-dimensional manifold in the commutative limit and can also be used to regularize the noncommutative gauge theory of the canonical case. In particular, we are able to match parts of the known instanton sector of the canonical case with the instantons of the finite theory.