jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Signs of Urban Evolution? Morpho-Functional Traits Co-variation Along a Nature-Urban Gradient in a Chagas Disease Vector

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Environmental change (i.e., urbanization) impacts species in contrasting ways, with some species experiencing benefits given their way of life (i.e., blood-sucking insects). How these species respond to such change is not well understood and for species involved in human diseases, this "how" question is particularly important. Most Triatominae bug species inhabit tropical and subtropical forests where their vertebrate hosts' temporal abundance depends on climate seasonality. However, in human encroached landscapes, triatomines can benefit from resource stability which may lead to adaptive phenotypic change to track novel hosts. We tested for an association between different landscapes and morpho-functional traits linked to sensory, motion, and feeding functions in Triatoma dimidiata and compared fecundity (i.e., number of eggs) in each landscape as a proxy of fitness. Using geometric and traditional morphometric tools, we predicted a morphological simplification in bugs inhabiting urbanized areas. While wing morphology or proboscis were not influenced by landscape class, the opposite occurred for thorax morphology and number of sensilla. Wing and thorax morphology did not covary under modified landscape scenarios, yet we detected a morpho-functional convergence for thorax size and antennal phenotype in both sexes, with a simplification trend, from nature to urban settings. Given no fecundity differences across landscapes, there is no potential reproductive costs. Moreover, the convergence of thorax size and antennal phenotype suggests differences in flight/locomotion performance and host/environment perception, as a possible adaptive response to relaxed selective pressures of the bug's native habitat. These results imply that T. dimidiata could be adapting to urbanized areas.
GD2 redirected CAR T and activated NK-cell-mediated secretion of IFNγ overcomes MYCN-dependent IDO1 inhibition, contributing to neuroblastoma cell immune escape

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Immune escape mechanisms employed by neuroblastoma (NB) cells include secretion of immunosuppressive factors disrupting effective antitumor immunity. The use of cellular therapy to treat solid tumors needs to be implemented. Killing activity of anti-GD2 Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T or natural killer (NK) cells against target NB cells was assessed through coculture experiments and quantified by FACS analysis. ELISA assay was used to quantify interferon-γ (IFNγ) secreted by NK and CAR T cells. Real Time PCR and Western Blot were performed to analyze gene and protein levels modifications. Transcriptional study was performed by chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays on experiments of mutagenesis on the promoter sequence. NB tissue sample were analyzed by IHC and Real Time PCR to perform correlation study. We demonstrate that Indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase1 (IDO1), due to its ability to convert tryptophan into kynurenines, is involved in NB resistance to activity of immune cells. In NB, IDO1 is able to inhibit the anti-tumor effect displayed by of both anti-GD2 CAR (GD2.CAR) T-cell and NK cells, mainly by impairing their IFNγ production. Furthermore, inhibition of MYCN expression in NB results into accumulation of IDO1 and consequently of kynurenines, which negatively affect the immune surveillance. Inverse correlation between IDO1 and MYCN expression has been observed in a wide cohort of NB samples. This finding was supported by the identification of a transcriptional repressive role of MYCN on IDO1 promoter. The evidence of IDO1 involvement in NB immune escape and its ability to impair NK and GD2.CAR T-cell activity contribute to clarify one of the possible mechanisms responsible for the limited efficacy of these immunotherapeutic approaches. A combined therapy of NK or GD2.CAR T-cells with IDO1 inhibitors, a class of compounds already in phase I/II clinical studies, could represent a new and still unexplored strategy capable to improve long-term efficacy of these immunotherapeutic approaches.
On the existence of ground state solutions to nonlinear Schoedinger equations with multisingular inverse-square anisotropic potentials

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A class of nonlinear Schroedinger equations with critical power-nonlinearities and potentials exhibiting multiple anisotropic inverse square singularities is investigated. Conditions on strength, location, and orientation of singularities are given for the minimum of the associated Rayleigh quotient to be achieved, both in the whole $\R^N$ and in bounded domains.
A Prospective Analysis of Lipid Profile in Children with Type 1 Diabetes in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Dyslipidaemia is a significant risk factor for coronary heart disease which may lead to an increased risk of atherosclerosis in Type I diabetes mellitus at a younger age.
Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the department of Biochemistry and Paediatrics at Gold Field Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Faridabad. Twenty children with type 1 diabetes mellitus were enrolled on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria and were assessed for the levels of glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, High Density Lipoprotein, Very Low Density Lipoprotein, Low Density Lipoprotein and cholesterol to HDL ratio and were compared with same number of matched healthy controls of similar age.
Results: The result of the present study showed that all the above mentioned parameters were significantly (P<0.001) higher in type 1 diabetes mellitus as compared to the control group with glucose levels of 207.6 mg/dl, triglycerides levels of 210 mg/dl, cholesterol levels of 250 mg/dl, VLDL levels of 45 mg/dl, LDL levels of 172 mg/dl and cholesterol to HDL ratio of 7.8 whereas HDL levels were significantly lower i.e. 31.2 mg/dl in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Conclusions: The patients are at a higher risk of developing atherosclerosis and dyslipidaemia at an early age.
Terrorism and information sharing between the intelligence and law enforcement communities in the US and the Netherlands: emergency criminal law?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Intelligence sharing between intelligence and police services with a view to preventing and combating terrorism is high on the political agenda in Brussels and The Hague. The Netherlands is one of the few countries in the EU where this topic is subject of political scrutiny. It also led to controversial case law. Recently, Justice Minister Donner has used an expedited procedure to submit a legislative proposal concerning shielded witnesses. This Bill raises many questions, that concern, amongst others, the discretion of intelligence services to determine which information will be provided for use in criminal proceedings and the relationship between this discretionary power and the connected legal duty of secrecy on the one hand and the rights of the defence to test and question that information on the other. Furthermore, questions raise regarding the evidentiary quality of this information. The proposed rules also influence the legitimacy of criminal law and the position of the criminal courts. What effect does the paradigm of security-orientated thinking have on the historical connection between criminal law and the rule of law? This issue is also addressed in this article.
<title>Instrumentation for simultaneous kinetic imaging of multiple fluorophores in single living cells</title>

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Low-light fluorescence video microscopy has established itself as an excellent method for investigations of cell dynamics. There is a growing interest in resolving multiple images of 'ratio' fluorophores like indo or BCECF or the emission from multiple dyes placed in the same cell system. For rapid kinetic studies, the problems of photodynamic damage and photobleaching on one hand and the need for good spatial and temporal resolution on the other, press the resolution of the instrumentation. Rapid resolution of multiple probes at multiple wavelengths presents a third set of problems of exciting the probes and appropriately imaging the emitted light. The authors have designed a new real-time low-light fluorescence video microscope for capturing intensified images of up to four dyes contained in the same cell system. These can be two dual-emission wavelength 'ratio' dyes or multiple dyes. The optics allow simultaneous excitation of up to four fluorophores and the real-time (30 frames/second) capture of four separate fluorescence emission images. Each emission wavelength is imaged simultaneously by one of four cameras, then digitized and appropriately combined at standard video frame rates to be stored at high resolution on tape or video disk for further off-line correction and analysis. The design has no moving parts in its optical train, which overcomes a number of technical difficulties encountered in filter wheel or mechanical shutter designs for multiple imaging. The instrument can be assembled form off-the-shelf components. Coupled to compatible image processing software utilizing PC-AT computers, it can be realized for relatively low cost. Two examples of simultaneous multi-parameter imaging are presented. Synchronous observations of calcium and pH distribution in kidney epithelial cells, loaded with both indo-1 and SNARF-1TM, show that both are altered in response to ionomycin treatment; however, the kinetics for the two changes are quite different. Intracellular calcium increases rapidly when the bath Ca2+ is raised. The pH remains stable for several seconds, then suddenly collapses. The second example concerns fusion of human red blood cells (RBC) to fibroblasts expressing influenza hemagglutinin. Movement of soluble and membrane-bound dyes follow different kinetics, depending upon the molecular weight of the soluble dye. Furthermore, the swelling of the RBC occurs after the onset of fusion, and therefore cannot provide the driving force.
Structure of Rad5 provides insights into its role in tolerance to replication stress

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The Rad5 family of proteins are critical genome maintenance factors, with helicase-like transcription factor (HLTF) and SNF2 histone linker PHD RING helicase (SHRPH) in humans implicated in several types of cancer. How their multiple activities coordinate has been unclear. Our recent study on Rad5 shed light on this question.
The Prevalence of COVID Infection and Adverse Events Following Immunization with COVID-19 Vaccine (Covishield) Among Healthcare Workers and Students of a Dental College in Kerala: A Cross-sectional Study

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Background: Any untoward event following immunization without essentially having a cause-and-effect relationship with usage of vaccine is an "Adverse Event Following Immunization (AEFI)."The study aimed at evaluating adverse events experienced by healthcare workers (HCWs) and students of a dental college, following immunization AEFI, with at least one dose of Covishield vaccine developed by Oxford University and AstraZeneca.The association of AEFI across various sex and age groups was also assessed.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted online among coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)-vaccinated teaching staff, postgraduate students, interns, undergraduate students, and nonteaching staff of a dental college.The common AEFI, post-vaccination activities, and demographic characteristics were collected from respondents using a questionnaire.The effect of host-related factors on 14 specific symptoms of AEFI was also assessed.Results: After screening, those above 18 years old and received minimum dose of Covishield, 240 participants were included in the study from the dental college.Only 72/240 (30%) participants did not report any AEFI, whereas 11/240 (4.6%) had symptoms of severe intensity.The commonest AEFI reported were moderate weakness (60.8%), pain at the injection site (60.8%),followed by fever (60%), body ache (10.7%), nausea (6.7%), headache (5.8%), chills (5%), and vomiting (1.7%).Females experienced more AEFI than males, particularly gastrointestinal symptoms.The participant's age and number of doses taken affected AEFI.A decrease in self-reported AEFI was associated with increasing age or number of vaccine doses.There is a significant association of AEFI with age of the participants (p < 0.01).Conclusions: In the first 48 hours, AEFI was mostly observed.In the following weeks, the incidence decreased, with no AEFI reported after 15 days following both doses.Adverse events following immunization reported were mild and short-lived.No serious incidents were reported.We have assessed risk factors related to AEFI in participants vaccinated with Covishield.The important factors affecting AEFI are gender, age, and vaccine doses in this study.
Effect of particle size of Sargassum fusiforme residue powder on sugar-free cookies properties

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

After being ground and sifted, three different types of SFR powder with varying particle sizes were obtained, and their chemical composition and physical properties were investigated. The soluble dietary fiber increased from 13.15% to 27.17% as the particle size decreased from 470.42 μm for SFR-850 to 10.09 μm for SFR-75, while the insoluble dietary fiber decreased from 66.92% to 34.72%. Water holding capacity, swelling capacity and oil holding capacity also decreased as the particle size reduced. Different amounts (3%, 5%, 7%, 9%) of all kinds of SFR powders were added as a substitute for flour to make sugar-free cookies, their effects on the textural properties and sensory evaluation of cookies were studied. Higher spread ratio of cookies was obtained with smaller particle size, the SFR powder replacement reduced cookie hardness significantly while having no impact on fracturability. The sensory evaluation revealed that SFR-200-9 received highest odor, texture and overall acceptability score, followed by SFR-75-9.
[NEOBHÁJENO] The Specifics of Speaking English in Czech Business Administration (The Requirements of Practice)

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This bachelor thesis deals with the requirements of language and practice when filling vacancies in companies operating on an international level. The theoretical part focuses on the classification and definition of Business English form and cultural differences which are an integral part of international trade. The practical part is based on quantitative research, for which a questionnaire was created and used for obtaining more detail information regarding employee recruitment, their skills and training in the interviewed companies. This bachelor thesis can provide companies, whose business is focused on international trade, with information about cultural differences across the world with regard to communication in English.
The Effective Mistake in Iran Fiqh and Jurisprudence

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The effect of mistakes on contract depends on certain conditions of which the most salient one is the fundamentality of mistakes. Magistrates must refer to contract parties' intentionsto identify the domain of the fundamental mistakes and their effects on the contract. Is the domain of the effective mistakes limited to the subject and important characteristics of the contract parties? Or can we find a unity of measurements among the characteristics of mistakes causing nullification, which incorporate all or at least most of the proofs of mistakes causing nullification? Why do in some cases, mistakes result in nullification and in others the cancel right and in some other ones no effects in contracts? The civil law, in articles 200 and 201, limits the domain of mistakes to "the contract itself" and "the important feature of contract parties". If we consider the base of the mistake effectsitsfundamentality, the mistake domain includes any mistakes in all basic elements of contracts which are the main reasons for making the contracts and mutual consent. Its condition is that the description of fundamentality is clearly or implicitly mentionedin the contract. Also the extent of effect of mistakes in contracts, depends on the importance of mistaken element in the opinions of contract parties. Some of the elements of the contract are related to mutual consent and mistakes in them result in problems in intention and nullifying the contract. Some other elements are not related to mutual consent and they are not in the domain of intention of the contract. If mistakes in them comes to the domain of mutual consent, naturally it leads to the authority of cancelling the contract.
Mortality of two groups of women who manufactured gas masks from chrysotile and crocidolite asbestos: a 40-year follow-up

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Two groups of women were exposed to asbestos while manufacturing gas masks in Lancashire before and during the second world war. One group (in Blackburn) is believed to have been concerned almost exclusively with the manufacture of civilian respirators (containing chrysotile) while the other (in Leyland) made respirators for the armed Forces (containing crocidolite) and a much smaller number of civilian respirators. Excess mortality ascribed to lung cancer and ovarian cancer were found at the second factory (statistically significant at the 1% level) but not at the first. Mesothelioma was mentioned on the death certificates of five women who had worked in Leyland and one woman in Blackburn.
Somatostatin receptor activation is involved in the control of daily torpor in a seasonal mammal

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Siberian hamsters ( Phodopus sungorus) show spontaneous daily torpor only after ∼2 mo in winter-like short photoperiods (SP). Although some SP-induced hormonal changes have been demonstrated to be necessary for the occurrence of seasonal torpor, the whole set of preconditions is still unknown. Recent findings provide evidence that the hypothalamic pituitary growth axis is involved in endocrine responses to SP exposure in the photoperiodic hamsters. To examine whether suppression of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) secretion affects the incidence of daily torpor, we used two somatostatin receptor agonists, pasireotide (SOM230) and octreotide, with different affinity profiles for receptor subtypes. Pasireotide strikingly increased the torpor frequency in male hamsters compared with sham-treated controls, and torpor duration was often increased, which in some cases exceeded 12 h. In contrast, administration of octreotide reduced the body weight of SP hamsters but had only a marginal effect on torpor frequency in males and no effect in females. Together with measured concentrations of circulating IGF-1, the present results strongly suggest that reduced activity of the GH/IGF-1 axis is not critical for stimulation of torpor expression but activation of specific somatostatin receptors is critical. This putative role for certain somatostatin receptor subtypes in torpor induction provides a promising new approach to unravel the endocrine mechanisms of torpor regulation.
VARIABILITY, HERITABILITY AND PHYSIOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF SEED COAT DURABILITY IN FIELD PEA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Seed coat breakage of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) during harvesting and handling increases dockage and reduces seed quality. A laboratory-scale abrasive dehulling device was used to evaluate seed coat durability of field peas grown in 1983 (20 cultivars, 6 locations) and 1984 (17 cultivars, 5 locations). Analysis of variance revealed significant (P < 0.05) effects due to cultivar and location of growth for both years. Mean cultivar seed coat breakage ranged from 1.5 to 22.3% in 1983 and from 0.6 to 14.9% in 1984. The seed coat breakage of several cultivars in 1983 (MP 913, Line 32, Tipu, MP 926 and MP 942) and 1984 (MP 939 and Sv20565) was greater (P < 0.05) than that of Century, the current standard in the industry. The seed coat breakage of Bellevue was less (P < 0.05) than that of Century in both years. Locations which experienced hot or dry fall conditions produced seed with poor seed coat durability. Broad sense heritability of seed coat durability, based on the components of variance method, was 57.5 and 56.2% in 1983 and 1984, respectively. Seed coat breakage was not correlated (P > 0.05) with seed coat content or thickness, protein, lignin, neutral detergent fiber, hemicellulose content, 1000-seed weight or strength of adhesion between the cotyledons. Cellulose content of the seed coat was negatively correlated (r = −0.77, P < 0.05) with seed coat breakage in 1984, but not in 1983 (P > 0.05).Key words: Pea, Pisum sativum L., seed coat durability
Ensiling on chemical composition and in vitro fermentation in rabbits of different forages

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT: The effect of chemical composition of silages on in vitro gas fermentation profiles in rabbits was examined. The study was performed using 7 silages: beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), faba bean (FB, Vicia faba), common vetch (CV, Vicia sativa), ryegrass (Lolium perenne), barley (B, Hordeum vulgare), barley with common vetch (BCV) and barley with faba bean (BFB). We used 3 New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits as donors of caecal content in each incubation run (n=3). Data were analyzed in a completely randomized experimental design. The CV silage showed higher values of crude protein (CP), followed by FB and bean silages (P<0.001). Barley silage had the lowest CP content (96g kg-1 DM) (P=0.001). The NDF and ADF content were lower (P<0.001) for beans and CV compared with the rest of the forage silages. Ryegrass silage had higher values of dry matter degradation, organic matter degradation, relative GP and SCFA (P<0.001). The highest values of digestible energy were for CV and bean silages (P<0.001). Ryegrass and CV silages showed higher levels in GP parameters, which could be associated with their better chemical composition characteristics, mainly protein and fiber content.
Simultaneous Electrospinning and Electrospraying: Fabrication of a Carbon Nanofibre/MnO/Reduced Graphene Oxide Thin Film as a High‐Performance Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Rational fabrication of flexible thin‐film electrodes with superior electrochemical performance is challenging now in consumer electronics miniaturization. In this work, we combine electrospinning with electrospraying in a simultaneous process to achieve the CNFs/MnO/rGO composite film electrodes (CNFs=carbon nanofibres; rGO=reduced graphene oxide) for lithium‐ion batteries. For the as‐obtained thin‐film electrode, the 2D reduced graphene sheets are dispersed on each of the 1D CNFs/MnO composite filaments, in which the nanofibres and rGO nanosheets can form interconnected morphologies simultaneously. The thin‐film electrodes with enhanced electrical conductivity and flexibility could efficiently accommodate the volume changes of MnO particles by the very elastic buffer space. As expected, the composite electrode exhibits a high discharge capacity of 1118 mAh g −1 at 0.1 A g −1 , and then back to 0.1 A g −1 after 80 cycles, the capacity retention is still up to 98 %; at high rates (e. g. 5 A g −1 ), the composite is still able to maintain a high reversible capacity of 574 mAh g −1 after 3000 cycles with a significant Coulombic efficiency of 99 %. This is the best specific capacity at 5 A g −1 and longest cycling life reported for MnO thin‐film anodes. In addition, the technique provides a facile path to combine 1D fibres/2D nanosheets layer‐by‐layer in a composite film with tunable fibre diameter. This is the first time that the fabrication of 1D CNFs/MnO fibres and 2D rGO sheet network film electrodes via simultaneous electrospinning and electrospraying methods has been reported.