jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES FOR SECONDARY PROCESSING OF GRAIN RAW MATERIALS IN BEER PRODUCTION

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The article reviews and systematizes the main modern technologies for the secondary processing of grain residues generated during beer production. The main attention is paid to brewer's grains as the most massive by-product of brewing. Traditional and innovative approaches to its storage, stabilization, drying, fermentation, bioprocessing, and use in various sectors, including feed production, food industry, bioenergy, and biotechnology, are analyzed. It is shown that the most common use of brewer's grains is in the production of animal feed due to the high content of crude protein, fiber, minerals, and essential amino acids. The article discusses in detail the technologies for drying brewer's grains, which allow to increase their shelf life, prevent microbiological spoilage and ensure convenient transportation. The methods of fermentation and bioprocessing of brewer's grains using microorganisms, enzyme preparations and heat treatment are presented, which contribute to increasing their bioavailability and digestibility in feed. The latest technological solutions used in the EU, the USA, Canada and China, including extrusion, microwave processing, ultrasonic disintegration and combined methods, are separately characterized. The technologies for using brewer's grains as a raw material for the production of biogas, bioethanol, enzymes and dietary fiber are also considered. The paper emphasizes the potential for implementing a circular economy in the brewing industry. The paper emphasizes the potential of implementing a circular economy in the brewing industry, where the recycling of grain raw materials can help reduce waste, reduce the burden on the environment and generate additional economic benefits. The expediency of an in-depth study of local technological practices of brewer's grains processing in Ukrainian craft and industrial breweries, taking into account their technical capabilities, climatic conditions and market demand, is substantiated. Comparative data for wet and dried brewer's grains per 100 g of weight are presented, which demonstrate a significant concentration of proteins (up to 30%), fiber (up to 50%) and micronutrients in the dried product. Potential areas of secondary use of brewer's grains in the food, feed, bioenergy, and chemical industries, in particular as a source of natural proteins, dietary fiber, fermentation substrates, and fertilizers, are revealed. Particular attention is paid to the possibilities of adapting foreign experience to Ukrainian realities, given the limited capacity of craft production. The expediency of introducing technologies for drying and storing brewer's grains to extend their service life is emphasized. The article summarizes the main scientific approaches and offers practical recommendations for producers in order to increase the economic efficiency and innovation of the Ukrainian brewing sector.
The Impact of Socio-Economic Factors on the Development of Rural Tourism: Italian Case Based on a Regional Analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Italy’s rural areas provide significant tourism opportunities which support local economies and sustainable development. This study examines the impact of socio-economic, technological, natural–ecological, and political–legal factors on rural tourism across Italy’s 21 regions. Using statistical data and correlation analysis, five macro factors were evaluated to determine their influence on the prevalence of agritourism as a measure of rural tourism development. The methodology involved a correlation analysis, including the assessment of bivariate relationships between variables, supported by robust statistical tests to ensure reliability. Key findings indicate that technological advancements, particularly in farm digitalization and innovation, are closely associated with rural tourism growth, alongside factors like regional GDP and natural–ecological resources. The study reveals that higher levels of farmer education and rich ecological and cultural assets within regions also positively impact rural tourism. These insights provide valuable guidance for policymakers and stakeholders in formulating strategies that promote rural tourism and regional development, emphasizing digitalization, ecological preservation, and education. This research extends our understanding of the factors driving rural tourism in Italy, offering a basis for targeted interventions that enhance economic resilience and support sustainable tourism in rural areas.
ActEV18: Human Activity Detection Evaluation for Extended Videos

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Video analytic technologies that are able to detect and classify activity are crucial for applications in many domains, such as transportation and public safety. In spite of many data collection efforts and benchmark studies in the computer vision community, there has been a lack of system development that meets practical needs for such specific domain applications. In this paper, we introduce the Activities in Extended Video (ActEV) challenge to facilitate development of video analytic technologies that can automatically detect target activities, and identify and track objects associated with each activity. To benchmark the performance of currently available algorithms, we initiated the ActEV'18 activity-level evaluation along with reference segmentation and leaderboard evaluations. In this paper, we present a summary of results and findings from these evaluations. Fifteen teams from academia and industry participated in the ActEV18 evaluations using 19 activities from the VIRAT V1 dataset.
Focusing of diode laser beams: a partially coherent Lorentz model

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Diode lasers develop very fast and are widely used in various optical equipment. Diode laser sources produce fields that
show fundamental variations with respect to the canonical Gaussian beam. A partially coherent Lorentz model is
employed to describe the far field of a single mode diode laser beam. This paper is concerned with laser junctions
significantly narrower than the wavelength. Two lenses system are placed in front of the laser diode, so that the
diverging beam is transformed into a converging beam. The across spectral density function in the plane perpendicular to
the diode junction is considered in detail, and subsequently employed to predict the light intensity at various beam cross
sections near the focus by using the generalized Huygens diffraction integral. The intensity profile at a focused spot
produced by a partially coherent Lorentz beam is investigated and compared with that of Gaussian Schell-model beam. It
is shown that it has a simple form but fairly describes the optical field in the focal region. The theoretical results are well
fit to the practical results in this model and the variations between theory and the experiments are quite less than that of
in Gaussian beams. Since Gaussian beams have a minimum uncertainty field, i.e. it possesses the minimum achievable
angular spreading once the spatial extension is fixed. Since diode lasers produce highly diverging fields, a Gaussian
description for the transverse fields fails. In this case, our results show that partially coherent Lorentz model is a better
approximation, and the numerical simulation and discussions are given in detail.
Variations in kidney ultrastructure with a variety of paraformaldehyde fixation techniques

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Variations in fine structure of glomeruli and proximal tubules were studied to determine the results of several fixation techniques with paraformaldehyde. Immersion fixation techniques generally resulted in poor fixation, while the quality of fixation by perfusion was directly related to the concentration of the paraformaldehyde. The best technique was fixation by perfusion and immersion in 3% paraformaldehyde for 2 h followed by a post-fixation in 1 % OsO<sub>4</sub> for 1 h. Intracellular edema was noted in all epithelial, mesangial and proximal tubular cells that were from poorly fixed kidneys. Swollen mitochondria and the dilated endoplasmic reticulum were common in many of those cells. Mesangial and proximal tubular cells were the first to swell. Poor fixation produced the early stages of autolysis. The criteria for good paraformaldehyde fixation are discussed.
«ՆԱԽՆԻՆԵՐԻ ԻՐԱՎՈՒՆՔՆԵՐԻ» ՀԱՍԿԱՑՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ ԵՎ ԱՎԱՆԴԱԿԱՆ ԲԺՇԿԱԿԱՆ ԳԻՏԵԼԻՔԸ ՈՐՊԵՍ ՄՏԱՎՈՐ ՍԵՓԱԿԱՆՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԻՐԱՎՈՒՆՔԻ SUI GENERIS ՕԲՅԵԿՏ / THE CONCEPT OF “ANCESTRAL RIGHTS” AND TRADITIONAL MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE AS A SUI GENERIS OBJECT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Traditional medical knowledge is an intangible cultural heritage of a people, a community, transmitted from generation to generation. Traditional medical knowledge includes not only the use of specific medicines for specific health problems, but also the procedural skills of making medicines. In order to protect traditional medical knowledge from a legal point of view, it is first necessary to form appropriate legal bases. However, legislations protecting traditional knowledge are outside the classical intellectual property law institutions, so they are often called sui generis, “unique”, “one of a kind”. The reason is that the main requirement to be an object of copyright, the need to have an author (a group of authors) is absent in the case of traditional knowledge. As for considering traditional knowledge as an object of classical patent law, the fact that the main characteristic of traditional knowledge traditionality is passed down from generation to generation is opposed to the condition of the object of patent law being “novelty”. That is the reason why legal protection of traditional knowledge is often carried out by formulating separate legislation. Another way to protect traditional medical knowledge and the genetic resources used in it is to recognize it as part of the rights of ancestors/the rights of indigenous peoples, according to which these peoples have the right to possess, use and manage the resources existing on their lands.
Well Log Data Inversion using Higher Order Neural Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We use the multilayer perceptron for well log data inversion. The gradient descent method is used in the back propagation learning rule. The input of the network is the apparent conductivity (Ca) and the output of the network is the true formation conductivity (Ct). The original and the higher order features are used for the training process. According to our experimental results, the expanding higher order input features can get a fast training and a smaller error between the desired output and the actual output. The network with 10 input nodes and expanding the input features to third order, 8 hidden nodes, 10 output nodes, can get the smallest average mean absolute error on simulated well log data. Then, we apply the network to the real field data.
Quasi-Living Polymerization of N-Isopropylacrylamide onto Poly(ethylene glycol)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTQuasi-Living Polymerization of N-Isopropylacrylamide onto Poly(ethylene glycol)M. D. C. Topp, I. H. Leunen, P. J. Dijkstra, K. Tauer, C. Schellenberg, and J. FeijenView Author Information Department of Chemical Technology and Institute for Biomedical Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands, and Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, D-14424 Potsdam, Germany Cite this: Macromolecules 2000, 33, 14, 4986–4988Publication Date (Web):June 14, 2000Publication History Received20 October 1999Published online14 June 2000Published inissue 1 July 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma9917500https://doi.org/10.1021/ma9917500rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views562Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Ions,Micelles,Monomers,Polymerization,Thermal polymerization Get e-Alerts
Optimal machining parameters for micro-molds preparation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With the need for small parts in various industries such as the biomedical, aerospace and mechanical, the advancements in high speed machining will be a cost effective way to produce micro molds for injection molding. Micro molds are required to have high aspect ratios with great accuracy. It is also imperative that the machining parameters of this micro end milling process results in surface roughness of order less than a micron. Machining parameters such as spindle speed, feed rate, axial depth of cut and radial depth of cut will be varied on two materials, namely copper and stainless steel to find the most suitable set of values for each case. Using the design of experiments allowed us to perform a small number of experiments to achieve the optimal machining conditions so that it meets the manufacturing specification. The study done on burr formation will also allow for future projects to understand the effects of various machining parameters on the outcome of burr height formation. Some of the possible factors that have been found to affect burr formation are cutting speed, feed rate and possibly the tool wear characteristics. Since deburring is not a viable option in the micro-scale, this project will look into reducing burr formation through process controls rather than a separate post-process at the end. It is concluded in this report that despite the results achieved, it must be noted that the machining parameters are specific to this machine and the tool that was used.
Aldehyde Dehydrogenases: Measurement of Activities and Protein Levels

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Seventeen enzymes are currently viewed as belonging to the human aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily, and all of them catalyze the pyridine nucleotide–dependent oxidation of aldehydes to acids. Depending on the specific aldehyde dehydrogenase, lack of sufficient catalytic activity (1) results in a gross pathological phenotype in the absence of any insult, or (2) is ordinarily of no consequence with respect to gross phenotype, but is of consequence when the organism is subjected to a relevant insult. Described in this unit are eight assays that can be used to (semi)quantify various in vitro aldehyde dehydrogenase protein and/or catalytic activity levels, and two that can be used to semiquantify various in situ aldehyde dehydrogenase protein and/or catalytic activity levels. Aldehyde dehydrogenases also catalyze the hydrolysis of esters; this unit includes an assay that can be used to quantify that catalytic activity as well. Preparation of test materials and of antibodies to the aldehyde dehydrogenases are described in three support protocols.
A Practical Approach for Microscopy Imaging Data Management (MIDM) in

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Current data management approaches can easily handle the relatively simple requirements for molecular biology research but not the more varied and sophisticated microscopy imaging data in neuroscience research. We developed a project-oriented experimental imaging data management system through integration of the object-relational Oracle DBMS and a distributed file management system, the storage resource broker (SRB). The data model we developed on Oracle9i supports semantic and analytical queries and image content mining. The MIDM provides comprehensive descriptive, structural, spatial and administrative information on microscopy image datasets. The current MIDM is web accessible at
Mitochondrial Creatine Kinase Is Not Required For Adp Transport Efficiency During Exercise

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

It is widely accepted that mitochondrial creatine kinase (Mi-CK) contributes to ~80% of ADP transport into mitochondria. However, this notion is based on calculated algorithms, and direct in vivo evidence to support the assumption that Mi-CK is a major regulator of mitochondrial ADP transport does not exist. PURPOSE: To elucidate the necessity of Mi-CK for in vivo ADP transport at rest and during exercise. METHODS: Mi-CK wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice (n=6-8/group) were randomized to a sedentary (SED) or exercise (EX) group (acute bout; 1 hour, 15m/min, 5% grade). Resting RER and Western blotting of proteins involved in ADP/ATP transport (ANT1, ANT2), as well as cytosolic CK, Mi-CK, OXPHOS, COXIV, and PDHE1 were determined. All mice completed a run test to exhaustion. Muscle metabolites (ATP, phosphocreatine (PCr), creatine (Cr), glycogen, lactate) were determined in SED and EX mice. Permeabilized muscle fibres (PMFs) were used to examine Mi-CK contributions to ADP sensitivity in the presence and absence of Cr (20mM) in both SED and EX mice. RESULTS: The Mi-CK enzyme was not present in the mitochondria of KO mice, and while PMFs displayed an attenuated response to exogenous Cr, this response was not completely absent in KO mice. These data suggest solely analyzing ADP sensitivity in PMFs with Cr is confounded by the cytosolic CK enzyme, and therefore we relied on in vivo assessments of metabolism to determine the biological relevance of Mi-CK. There were no differences in SED VO2, RER, muscle metabolites, or any protein measured between WT and KO mice. Run time to exhaustion was similar between groups. Muscle PCr and glycogen decreased similarly in EX mice (WT and KO) relative to SED mice, along with an increase in Cr and lactate. In PMFs the apparent ADP sensitivity (Km) was not altered by exercise in WT mice, however, exercise decreased the apparent Km to ADP in KO mice. CONCLUSION: In contrast to previous estimates in the heart, the present data provides in vivo evidence that Mi-CK is not required for mitochondrial ADP respiratory sensitivity in resting muscle or during exercise. However, in situ experiments reveal that ADP sensitivity is increased in KO mice to optimize ADP transport and energy provision during exercise, suggesting either ANT or ATP synthase proteins are externally regulated.
Attribute Correction - Data Cleaning Using Association Rule and Clustering Methods

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Data cleaning, also called data cleansing or scrubbing, deals with detecting and removing errors and inconsistencies from data in order to improve the quality of data.Data quality problems are present in single data collections, such as files and databases,.When multiple data sources need to be integrated, e.g., in data warehouses, federated database systems or global web-based information systems, the need for data cleaning increases significantly.Data cleaning is the necessary condition of knowledge discovery and data warehouse building.In this paper two algorithms are designed using data mining technique to correct the attribute without external reference.One is Context-dependent attribute correction and another is Context-independent attribute correction.
Public perceptions of television and online political advertising

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

For decades, television has dominated political advertising, but that is changing due to the rise of advertising online and on social and digital media. How do people view online political advertising and how does this compare to their views of television advertising? To address these questions, we examine a nationally representative survey of 1200 U.S. adults that was fielded in February 2021. The survey contains an experiment in which the description of advertising (generic, television, or online) is altered. We find, in general, that people view online advertising more favorably than television advertising. We also find that, in some instances, age influences views of advertising. This study provides some of the first evidence of how Americans view online political advertising. Understanding what people think about online advertising can shed light on the potential impacts of online ad exposure, such as persuasion and participation, and people’s attitudes toward online advertising should inform proposals for its regulation.
Learning Photometric Feature Transform for Free-Form Object Scan

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose a novel framework to automatically learn to aggregate and transform photometric measurements from multiple unstructured views into spatially distinctive and view-invariant low-level features, which are subsequently fed to a multi-view stereo pipeline to enhance 3D reconstruction. The illumination conditions during acquisition and the feature transform are jointly trained on a large amount of synthetic data. We further build a system to reconstruct both the geometry and anisotropic reflectance of a variety of challenging objects from hand-held scans. The effectiveness of the system is demonstrated with a lightweight prototype, consisting of a camera and an array of LEDs, as well as an off-the-shelf tablet. Our results are validated against reconstructions from a professional 3D scanner and photographs, and compare favorably with state-of-the-art techniques.
[Adjuvant immunotherapy with levamisole for malignant glioma].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The long-term therapeutic results in patients with glioblastoma multiforme and malignant astrocytoma were compared between 15 cases of levamisole treated group and 18 cases of control group similar in method and time of treatment to the levamisole treated group. As the result, it was found that the prolongation of life was noted in the levamisole treated group compared with the control. In adult patients, the levamisole treated group survived significantly longer than the control group (p less than 0.05). There is, however, no significant difference of prolongation of the survival time between the levamisole treated (8 cases) and control (8 cases) groups, both which were pretreated by chemoradiotherapy using ACNU and vincristine. This paper refers also to side effects of levamisole.
Lab’s fuel cell knowledge tapped for surveys of catalyst technology

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Two recent articles in Advanced Materials leverage Los Alamos’s extensive expertise in fuel cell technology. The articles, one by Los Alamos researchers and another with their external colleagues, survey current developments in precious-metal-free electrocatalysts and progress in understanding the main causes of their instability. The Laboratory’s role in developing fuel cells and hydrogen as an energy source goes back more than 40 years to when DOE awarded the first Fuel Cells for Transportation program to the Lab. Los Alamos continues as a core laboratory for the DOE Fuel Cell program—leading two DOE-awarded multi-lab consortia, which are focused on fuel cell performance and technology improvements.