jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Flow Pattern and Frictional Losses in Pulsating Pipe Flow : Part 6 Frictional Losses In a Laminar Flow

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Relations between frictional losses and dimensionless frequency in an incompressible pulsating laminar pipe flow are investigated in terms of three kinds of friction factors. Furthermore, the frictional losses calculated from previously reported various approximate representations for wall shear stress are compared with those calculated from an analytical one in order to examine the validity of approximations. It becomes evident that the behaviours of instantaneous and time average friction factors in the quasi-steady, the intermediate, and the inertia dominant regions are qualitatively similar to those in a pulsating turbulent pipe flow and that the time average friction factor and the root mean square friction factor proposed here can be correlated to time-averaged cross-sectional mean viscous dissipation, while the instantaneous friction factor cannot represent the instantaneous cross-sectional mean viscous dissipation except for the quasi-steady region.
The Influence of Blood Glucose on the Plasma Concentration of Growth Hormone

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A sensitive and specific assay method has been used to demonstrate acute changes in plasma HCH in normal and diabetic subjects. HGH secretion is suppressed by glucose administration and markedly stimulated by hypoglycemia, by a rapid fall in blood glucose without hypoglycemia, and by interference with intracellular glucose utilization. High levels of HGH were also observed during prolonged fasting, after exercise, and four to six hours following oral glucose administration. Abnormalities in HGH secretion were found in association with acromegaly and obesity, and following section of the hypophyseal stalk. The half time for disappearance of endogenous plasma HGH is twenty to thirty minutes.
Effects of the use of α-amylase and lipase enzymes on the productive performance of recently weaned piglets

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Durante el destete los lechones presentan baja capacidad digestiva por la limitada secreción de las enzimas encargadas de digerir alimentos afectando el desempeño productivo de los mismos, con lo que resulta necesario suplementar con enzimas de manera exógena. Para esto, 12 lechones machos enteros mestizos de razas no definidas recién destetados fueron empleados con el objetivo de evaluar los efectos de la utilización de enzimas α-amilasa y lipasa sobre el desempeño productivo. Se utilizó el diseño experimental de bloques aleatorizados, con tres tratamientos (T1: testigo, T2: α-amilasa y T3: Lipasa) y cuatro repeticiones. Los datos fueron sometidos a ANAVA y las medias comparadas por el test de Duncan (p<0,05). Fue verificado que los lechones suplementados con α-amilasa y Lipasa presentaron mayores ganancias de peso (GPV y GDP) durante el ensayo, al igual que para la GPV total y la GDP promedio y en el CDA se destacaron en el segundo y tercer periodo (30 y 45 días) y en el CDA promedio; mientras que en la CA solo se destacaron en los dos periodos iniciales (15 y 30 días) y en la CA promedio, mientras que en la evaluación realizada a los 45 días, los tratamientos presentaron comportamientos similares para esta variable. Se concluye que es eficaz la adición de enzimas α-amilasa y lipasa en la alimentación de lechones destetados pues mejoran el consumo de alimento, la conversión alimentar y consecuentemente la ganancia de peso y se recomienda suministrar hasta los 30 días post destete.
Harnack inequalities for a class of semilinear stochastic partial differential equations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this article, we study a class of semilinear stochastic partial differential equations driven by an additive space time white noise. We establish Harnack inequalities for the semigroup associated with the solution by using coupling method, which implies the strong Feller property. Our results generalize the results of Zhang [Potential Analysis 33 (2010), no. 2, 137-151.] and can be applied to some types of SPDE such as reaction-diffusion equation and transport-diffusion equation perturbed by space time white noise.
Contrasting growth effects of prey capture in two aquatic carnivorous plant species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A detailed 11-day growth analysis was performed under greenhouse conditions on two aquatic, carnivo- rous plants in order to determine growth effects caused by supplemental feeding on zooplankton. The two species surveyed were the rare, stenotypic Aldrovanda vesiculosa and the more common, eurytopic Utricularia australis. While a highly signifi cant increase in shoot biomass (by 60 %) was found for Aldrovanda plants supplemented with prey, no signifi cant effect of prey addition occurred in Utricularia. However, main shoots of fed plants of both spe- cies were signifi cantly longer, had more mature leaf nodes, and their mean apical growth rate was higher than in unfed plants. Branching was markedly supported by prey in Aldrovanda only. Feeding signifi cantly increased the structural investment in carnivory in Utricularia but had no effect on Aldrovanda, although signifi cantly increas- ing maximum trap length in both species. Measurements of total nutrient concentrations in fed Aldrovanda plants revealed much more total N, P, K, and Mg at the end of the experiment, compared with unfed plants. In Utricularia, however, fed plants contained only more N than unfed plants but the opposite was true for the total amount of P, K and Mg. In Aldrovanda, a large proportion of N, P, K, and Mg consumption could be covered from prey. The differ- ent growth effect of prey addition in the two species could be explained by the operation of a complex food web in Utricularia traps, which possibly substitute for prey capture in barren waters.
Original Contribution Hepatitis C Virus Infection and the Development of Type 2 Diabetes in a Community-based Longitudinal Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The temporal relation of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection to the development of type 2 diabetes remains unknown. Theauthors followed4,958 persons aged40 yearswithout diabetes (3,486 seronegative, 812anti-HCVþ, 116with hepatitis B virus/HCV coinfection, and 544 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)þ) from a community-wide cohort in southern Taiwan for 7 years (1997–2003) to study the risk of diabetes associated with HCV infection. A total of 474 participants developed diabetes. The 7-year cumulative incidence was 7.5 % for HBsAgþ, 8.6 % for seronegative, 14.3 % for anti-HCVþ, and 14.7 % for coinfected participants. Compared with HCV persons, HCVþ persons had a higher cumulative incidence of diabetes (log-rank test, p&lt; 0.0001). Amultivariate Cox proportional hazardsmodel showed that anti-HCVþ (hazard ratio 1.7, 95 % confidence interval: 1.3, 2.1), coinfection (hazard ratio 1.7), overweight, obesity, and increasing age were significantly associated with diabetes (p&lt; 0.05). Gender, educational level, HBsAgþ status, alcohol consumption, and smoking were not significant. After stratification by age and body mass index, the risk ratio for diabetes in anti-HCVþ participants increased when age decreased and body mass index levels increased (p &lt; 0.001). Results show that HCV infection is an independent predictor of diabetes, especially for anti-HCVþ persons who are younger or have a higher body mass index. body mass index; cohort studies; diabetes mellitus; hepatitis C Abbreviations: HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus.
Treatment of acute myeloid leukemia: are we making progress?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract With a few subgroups as exceptions, such as younger patients with more favorable genetic disease, improvement in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia has been slow. There is a possibility that improving the quality of remission can reduce the risk of relapse. Escalation of daunorubicin dose, addition of Ab-directed chemotherapy, and alternative nucleoside analogs in induction may displace the longstanding standard of “3 + 7” daunorubicin + cytarabine (Ara-C) as induction, and several prognostic factors are emerging that enable a more personalized approach to postinduction treatment, in particular, which patients should be offered allogeneic transplantation in first remission. In addition to providing prognostic information, molecular characterization provides potential therapeutic targets and, in some cases, an opportunity to more precisely monitor residual disease. With few exceptions, the predictive value of prognostic factors (ie, what therapy to adopt) has yet to be established. A major challenge is the treatment of older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), who represent the majority of patients with this disease. Only about half of older AML patients will enter complete remission (CR) with conventional chemotherapy and, of these, most will relapse within 2 years. Little impact has been made on these dismal outcomes over the past 3 decades, and new treatments and approaches to trial design are required. Another population of concern is older AML patients who are not considered to be fit for an intensive approach based on concerns about their ability to withstand the consequences of treatment. This group is not easy to define objectively, but age represents a useful surrogate because it is associated with more chemoresistant disease and medical comorbidity. Older patients represent a therapeutic challenge, but several new treatments may offer some potential to improve their situation.
Depression by morphine of excitatory junction potentials in the vas deferens of the mouse.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

1 Intracellular recordings were made from smooth muscle cells of the mouse vas deferens. Excitatory junction potentials (e.j.ps) were evoked by stimulation of the intramural nerves. 2 Normorphine (50 nM-5muM) depressed the amplitude of the e.j.p. The ED50 was 430 nM. The latency of the e.j.p. and the resting membrane potential of the smooth muscle cells were unaffected by normorphine. 3 The depression of the e.j.p. by narcotic analgesic drugs was stereospecific. 4 Naloxone (100 nM) completely reversed the depression of the e.j.p. produced by normorphine (1 muM). Naloxone (100 nM) alone did not alter the amplitude of the e.j.p. 5 Normorphine (1 muM) did not prevent the depolarization of the smooth muscle cells produced by exogenous noradrenaline (10 muM). 6 It is concluded that narcotic analgesic drugs act directly upon the transmitter release sites to reduce the amount of noradrenaline liberated by each nerve impulse.
The <i>Admixture</i> analyses of two data sets.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

<p>A dataset with all 76 Cika animals <b>(a)</b> and a reduced dataset with 26 animals <b>(b)</b>. RHF, Red Holstein; FGV, Franken Gelbvieh; DFV, German Fleckvieh; MWF, Murnau—Werdenfelser; BBV, Braunvieh; OBV, Original Braunvieh; API, Pinzgauer; SIC, Cika; HRI, Istrian cattle; HRP, Slavonian—Syrmian Podolic; PMT, Piedmontese; RMG, Romagnola; HRB, Croatian Buša; IMB, Illyrian Mountain Buša; NDA, N’Dama.</p>
An Image Processing Approach to Quality Control of Drop-on-Demand Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) Printing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Droplet quality in drop-on-demand (DoD) Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) inkjet printing plays a crucial role in influencing the overall performance and manufacturing quality of the operation. The current approach to droplet printing analysis involves manually outlining/labeling the printed dots on the substrate under a microscope and then using microscope software to estimate the dot sizes by assuming the dots have a standard circular shape. Therefore, it is prone to errors. Moreover, the dot spacing information is missing, which is also important for EHD DoD printing processes, such as manufacturing micro-arrays. In order to address these issues, the paper explores the application of feature extraction methods aimed at identifying characteristics of the printed droplets to enhance the detection, evaluation, and delineation of significant structures and edges in printed images. The proposed method involves three main stages: (1) image pre-processing, where edge detection techniques such as Canny filtering are applied for printed dot boundary detection; (2) contour detection, which is used to accurately quantify the dot sizes (such as dot perimeter and area); and (3) centroid detection and distance calculation, where the spacing between neighboring dots is quantified as the Euclidean distance of the dot geometric centers. These stages collectively improve the precision and efficiency of EHD DoD printing analysis in terms of dot size and spacing. Edge and contour detection strategies are implemented to minimize edge discrepancies and accurately delineate droplet perimeters for quality analysis, enhancing measurement precision. The proposed image processing approach was first tested using simulated EHD printed droplet arrays with specified dot sizes and spacing, and the achieved quantification accuracy was over 98% in analyzing dot size and spacing, highlighting the high precision of the proposed approach. This approach was further demonstrated through dot analysis of experimentally EHD-printed droplets, showing its superiority over conventional microscope-based measurements.
Sub-8-bit quantization for on-device speech recognition: a regularization-free approach

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

For on-device automatic speech recognition (ASR), quantization aware training (QAT) is ubiquitous to achieve the trade-off between model predictive performance and efficiency. Among existing QAT methods, one major drawback is that the quantization centroids have to be predetermined and fixed. To overcome this limitation, we introduce a regularization-free, "soft-to-hard" compression mechanism with self-adjustable centroids in a mu-Law constrained space, resulting in a simpler yet more versatile quantization scheme, called General Quantizer (GQ). We apply GQ to ASR tasks using Recurrent Neural Network Transducer (RNN-T) and Conformer architectures on both LibriSpeech and de-identified far-field datasets. Without accuracy degradation, GQ can compress both RNN-T and Conformer into sub-8-bit, and for some RNN-T layers, to 1-bit for fast and accurate inference. We observe a 30.73% memory footprint saving and 31.75% user-perceived latency reduction compared to 8-bit QAT via physical device benchmarking.
High-repetition-rate KrF lithography excimer laser with narrow bandwidth below 2 pm

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Commercially used lithography lasers are line narrowed KrF excimer lasers (Ref. 1) operated at (248.38 0.2) nm at 2 W (10 mJ, 200 Hz) with a bandwidth of typically 3 pm (Ref.2). A system control concept for alternative control at two different locations including a remote RS 232 C operation has been developed. The on-line controlled parameters are: pulse energy, absolute wavelength, bandwidth and maintenance requests. Two years field experience with Lambda 248 L excimer lasers and long term test results are summarized. Lifetime issues and scheduled service actions are also presented. The 4 W Lambda 248 L-400 excimer laser was operated with modified optics, which led to an integral bandwidth below 2 pm. A narrower bandwidth provides the advantage of producing smaller feature sizes, e.g., 0.4 tm even with higher numerical aperture lenses. Bandwidth measurements and methods are compared. Lineshape measurements and corresponding energy portions were calculated to describe the spectral distribution. Long-term bandwidth monitoring results (over 8 hours continuous operation, burst mode operation) are described. Furthermore the high rep.-rate 248 L-400 laser was evaluated relative to pulse energy, bandwidth and pulse to pulse energy fluctuations. A maximum average power of more than 1 1 W (400 Hz, 28 nil) was achieved. Stabilized operation at 15 mJ, 400 Hz over several hours was demonstrated. The experimental results are presented and discussed.
Impact of storybook type on kindergarteners’ storybook comprehension

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to examine impact of non-realistic and realistic storybooks on kindergarteners' storybook listening comprehension. One hundred and three kindergarteners ranging in age from 49 to 71 months, with a mean age of 62.08 months (SD = 4.97) from three public kindergartens participated in the study. Participants listened to non-realistic and realistic storybooks and responded to questions on character recall, event recall, plot, reasoning, and problem-solving. One week later, children responded to the same questions in order to measure the impact of persistency in learning. The characters in the non-realistic storybook were animals. This was the sole difference between the two types of storybooks. Findings from both measurements (post-test and follow-up test) revealed statistically significant differences in storybook comprehension in favour of the realistic group. Investigators concluded that realistic storybooks make significant contribution to children's storybook comprehension; therefore, the use of realistic storybooks in early childhood should increase.
skipTrack: A Bayesian Hierarchical Model that Controls for Non-Adherence in Mobile Menstrual Cycle Tracking

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Implements a Bayesian hierarchical model designed to identify skips in mobile menstrual cycle self-tracking on mobile apps. Future developments will allow for the inclusion of covariates affecting cycle mean and regularity, as well as extra information regarding tracking non-adherence. Main methods to be outlined in a forthcoming paper, with alternative models from Li et al. (2022) <doi:10.1093/jamia/ocab182>.
100-Gb/s polarization multiplexed DQPSK transmission with automatic polarization stabilization

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes about real-time 100-Gb/s POLMUX RZ-DQPSK transmission, exploiting direct detection and endless automatic polarization stabilization by means of a magneto-optic device. The effectiveness of the proposed solution in presence of chromatic dispersion is experimentally verified by measuring the bit-error rate (BER) after 8.8 km of uncompensated standard single-mode fiber (SSMF). POLMUX and single channel transmission are also evaluated replacing the automatic polarization stabilizer by a manually adjustable fiber polarization controller (PC). The high sensitivity of the receiver apparatusto the received optical power is demonstrated using manually-adjusted PC (open-square). Due to the presence of optical crosstalk after polarization demultiplexing, the effect enhances in presence of the automatic SOP stabilizer. Hence, it is concluded that differential quadrature phase-shift-keying (DQPSK) format together with polarization multiplexing (POLMUX) is the best to achieve 100-Gb/s bit
Managerial lessons on relevance and measurability in R&D project valuation

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose Comprehensive R&D project valuation calls for internal information on, for example, R&D investments as well as external information such as market projections that relate to the expectations on product's life and revenue cash flows. Given the versatility of information needs, the valuation is generally expected to be challenging during R&D. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the perceived feasibility of R&D project valuation in real‐life organizations and discuss possibilities to increase the relevance of measurement for managing value creation. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on empirical data gathered by a questionnaire targeted at companies representing different industries in Finland. The data are analyzed in terms of company size, R&D intensity and the nature of the development activity (product or service). Findings The results describe how the managers responsible for R&D experience the importance and measurability of different elements potentially relevant for the success of a project. It was discovered that things that were considered important were generally perceived as challenging to apply in practice. Practical implications The paper lists several managerial activities for improving R&D evaluation practices. As a managerial contribution, the paper develops a framework for identifying different types of measurement elements. Originality/value Based on the empirical findings, a number of suggestions are made for improving the measurement of various elements of value. The paper elaborates the potential role of a number of indirect and less obvious aspects in association with R&D project value: the features of developed product's life cycle, created intellectual capital, emerging real options and windows of opportunity.
Effects of Stress and Task Difficulty on Working Memory and Cortical Networking

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This study investigated interactive effects of stress and task difficulty on working memory and cortico-cortical communication during memory encoding. Thirty-eight adolescent participants (mean age of 15.7 ± 1.5 years) completed easy and hard working memory tasks under low- and high-stress conditions. We analyzed the accuracy and reaction time (RT) of working memory performance and inter- and intrahemispheric electroencephalogram coherences during memory encoding. Working memory accuracy was higher, and RT shorter, in the easy versus the hard task. RT was shorter under the high-stress (TENS) versus low-stress (no-TENS) condition, while there was no difference in memory accuracy between the two stress conditions. For electroencephalogram coherence, we found higher interhemispheric coherence in all bands but only at frontal electrode sites in the easy versus the hard task. On the other hand, intrahemispheric coherence was higher in the left hemisphere in the easy (versus hard task) and higher in the right hemisphere (with one exception) in the hard (versus easy task). Inter- and intracoherences were higher in the low- versus high-stress condition. Significant interactions between task difficulty and stress condition were observed in coherences of the beta frequency band. The difference in coherence between low- and high-stress conditions was greater in the hard compared with the easy task, with lower coherence under the high-stress condition relative to the low-stress condition. Stress seemed to cause a decrease in cortical network communications between memory-relevant cortical areas as task difficulty increased.