Additional file 1 of Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, gestational weight gain, postpartum weight retention and body composition in the UPSIDE cohort

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Summary of published epidemiological literature on prenatal PFAS concentrations and gestational weight gain and post-partum weight retention. Supplementary Figure 1. Histogram of number of clinically recorded weights per participant and table of measurement timing of weights used for weight interpolation. Supplementary Figure 2. Directed acyclic graph of covariates considered in the pre- and postnatal analysis. Supplementary Table 2. Descriptive Statistics of UPSIDE participants included in the current analysis and parent cohort. Supplementary Table 3. Spearman Correlation between log-transformed PFAS (ng/ml) in the UPSIDE cohort. Supplementary Table 4. Trimester specific – and total gestational weight gain by body mass index in the UPSIDE cohort. Supplementary Table 5. Multivariable linear models examining log-transformed PFAS (ng/ml) in relation to total and trimester-specific gestational weight gain (kg) in the overall UPSIDE cohort and stratified by lower (BMI < 25 kg/m2) versus higher (BMI>=25 kg/m2) early pregnancy BMI. Supplementary Table 6. Multivariable linear models examining per interquartile range increase in log-transformed PFAS (ng/ml) in relation to mid/late gestational weight gain (kilograms) in the overall UPSIDE cohort and stratified by lower (BMI < 25 kg/m2) versus higher (BMI>=25 kg/m2) early pregnancy BMI. Supplementary Table 7. Multivariable linear models examining second trimester log-transformed PFAS (ng/ml) in relation to total and trimester-specific gestational weight gain (kg) in the overall UPSIDE cohort and stratified by lower (BMI < 25 kg/m2) versus higher (BMI>=25 kg/m2) early pregnancy BMI, excluding women who went on to deliver preterm (<37 weeks gestation; n=13). Supplementary Table 8. p-value for interaction term (PFAS*pre-pregnancy BMI) in multivariable linear regression models examining log-transformed PFAS (ng/ml) in relation to total gestational weight gain (GWG; in kg), post-partum weight retention (PPWR; in kg) and body fat percentage at 6 and 12 months in the UPSIDE cohort. Supplementary Table 9. Spearman-rank correlation between log transformed PFAS (ng/ml) and post-partum weight retention (PPWR, in kg) and body fat percentage in the UPSIDE cohort. Supplementary Table 10. Unadjusted and adjusted linear models examining second trimester log-transformed PFAS (ng/ml) in relation to post-partum weight retention (PPWR) in kg and total body fat percentage at 6 and 12 months post-delivery in the UPSIDE cohort. Supplementary Table 11. Multivariable linear models examining per interquartile range increase in log-transformed PFAS (ng/ml) in relation to post-partum weight retention (PPWR) in kg and total body fat percentage at 6 and 12 months post-delivery in the UPSIDE cohort in the overall UPSIDE cohort and stratified by lower (BMI < 25 kg/m2) versus higher (BMI>=25 kg/m2) early pregnancy BMI†. Supplementary Table 12. Association between weighted quantile sum of PFAS exposure and prenatal and postpartum maternal weight outcomes in UPSIDE/UPSIDE-Moms cohort. Supplementary Table 13. Index weights for individual PFAS in WQS models examining the association between a PFAS mixture and average rate of gain (kg/week) in mid/late pregnancy.