jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Fault-Tolerance Techniques for Embedded Systems From the Perspective of Power, Energy, and Thermal Issues

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The relentless technology scaling has provided a significant increase in processor performance, but on the other hand, it has led to adverse impacts on system reliability. In particular, technology scaling increases the processor susceptibility to radiation-induced transient faults. Moreover, technology scaling with the discontinuation of Dennard scaling increases the power densities, thereby temperatures, on the chip. High temperature, in turn, accelerates transistor aging mechanisms, which may ultimately lead to permanent faults on the chip. To assure a reliable system operation, despite these potential reliability concerns, fault-tolerance techniques have emerged. Specifically, fault-tolerance techniques employ some kind of redundancies to satisfy specific reliability requirements. However, the integration of fault-tolerance techniques into real-time embedded systems complicates preserving timing constraints. As a remedy, many task mapping/scheduling policies have been proposed to consider the integration of fault-tolerance techniques and enforce both timing and reliability guarantees for real-time embedded systems. More advanced techniques aim additionally at minimizing power and energy while at the same time satisfying timing and reliability constraints. Recently, some scheduling techniques have started to tackle a new challenge, which is the temperature increase induced by employing fault-tolerance techniques. These emerging techniques aim at satisfying temperature constraints besides timing and reliability constraints. This paper provides an in-depth survey of the emerging research efforts that exploit fault-tolerance techniques while considering timing, power/energy, and temperature from the real-time embedded systems’ design perspective. In particular, the task mapping/scheduling policies for fault-tolerance real-time embedded systems are reviewed and classified according to their considered goals and constraints. Moreover, the employed fault-tolerance techniques, application models, and hardware models are considered as additional dimensions of the presented classification. Lastly, this survey gives deep insights into the main achievements and shortcomings of the existing approaches and highlights the most promising ones.
Creating Learner-Centered Learning Environments in 21st Century Higher Education Classrooms

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Workforce capabilities are evolving into complexity and educational institutions are to adopt newstrategies complied with this change in order to help the students to survive in sophisticated workenvironments requiring not only mastery of the content knowledge but also problem solving skills.Our traditional model of higher education is not meeting the 21st century challenges. In order torespond the demands of the new era higher education institutions must revise their programs andpedagogies. In this article, the author discusses the ways of fulfilling the needs of twenty-first-centurylearners who are expected to solve novel and complex problems. In this respect technology is avaluable tool for making our graduates acquire the core 21st century capabilities. Creating learningenvironments enabling the students actively engaged in the learning process and making them activeteam members should be the utmost goal of higher education classrooms. Meaningful learningthrough technology enhanced learning environments can aid the learners to improve theiradaptability skills and succeed in real life situations. This paper emphasizing the importance ofconstructivist learning platforms will focus on good practices of Technology Enhanced ActiveLearning (TEAL) classrooms in higher education. Furthermore on the way of creating learner-centeredlearning environments, the challenges that will be faced by teachers, instructional designers, andeducational administrators will be discussed and the new roles of the instructors will be elaborated.
Machine Learning Based Dynamic Band Selection for Splitting Auditory Signals to Reduce Inner Ear Hearing Losses

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Quality of hearing has been severely impacted due to signal losses occurs in the human inner ear explicitly in the region of cochlea. Loudness recruitment, degraded frequency selectivity and auditory masking are the major outward effects of inner ear hearing losses. Splitting auditory signals into frequency bands and presenting dichotically to both ears became a comprehensive solution to reduce inner ear hearing losses. However, these methods divide input signal into the fix number of frequency bands, this limits their applicability where signals have large variations in their spectral characteristics. To address this challenge, we have proposed machine learning based intelligent band selection algorithm to split auditory signals dynamically. Proposed algorithm analyze input speech signal based on spectral characteristics to determine the optimum number of bands required to effectively present major acoustic cues of the signal. Further, dynamic splitting algorithm efficiently divides signal for dichotic presentation. Proposed method has been examined on large number of subjects from different age groups and gender having cochlear hearing impairment. Qualitative and quantitative assessment shown significant improvement in the recognition score with substantial reduction in the response time.
Ultra-Wideband Wireless Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The recent FCC frequency allocation for UWB has generated a lot of interest in UWB technologies. There is 7,500 MHz of spectrum for unlicensed use. The main limitations are provided by the low-power spectral density and by the fact that the transmit signal must occupy at least 500 MHz at whole times. IEEE 802.15.3a is being developed for high-bit-rate PAN applications, and UWB is the most promising technology to support the stringent requirements: 110, 200, and 480 Mb/s. Two UWB multiband systems, frequency hopping and Spectral Keying, have been described in this article. Both systems meet the stringent requirements provided by IEEE 802.15.
Relative Sensitivity, Specificity and Perceived Exertion of Some Provocative Tests in the Mechanical Diagnosis of Sacro-Iliac Joint Dysfunction among Patients with Low Back Pain

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Provocative tests are known to be clinically useful in the identification of soft tissue and articular dysfunctions, however, the proportion of patients with Sacro-Iliac Joint (SIJ) dysfunction who have positive tests (sensitivity) and the proportion who have negative tests (specificity) for these tests are not well known. This study examined the relative sensitivity, specificity and associated stress of Gross SIJ Compression (GSIJC) and Distraction (GSIJD), Supine-Long Sitting (SLS) and Posterior Dimple Compression (PDC) tests among patients with Low Back Pain (LBP).
Method: Fifty three subjects (male-24, female-29; age range 19-90 years, mean age 57.6yrs) went through the four tests and the test that elicited pain and/or limb length discrepancy (positive test) were noted. Pain intensity was rated using semantic differential scale before and after testing, while test induce exertion was assessed using Borge scale after testing. GSIJC test was set as gold standard for the purpose of analysis.
Result: PDC (0.91) was more sensitive than SLS (0.67) and GSIJD (0.57, while GSIJD was more specific (0.91) than SLS (0.84) and PDC (0.56). However, PDC was the least exerting (7.2) followed by GSIJD (7.5), SLS (13.0) and GSIJC (13.9). Conclusion: PDC test is the least exerting and more able to identify the proportion of LBP patients having SIJ dysfunction while GSIJD is more able to identify the proportion of Patients with LBP without SIJ dysfunction but exert more stress on the patient without gender bias.
Information Transmission by Phantom Sensations

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A sensory-aids display system that transmits information to its user through the location of a vibratory sensation on the skin has been developed. The sensation location is controlled by use of the phantom-sensation phenomenon. The development of the display included the determination of sensory and mechanical characteristics of the skin. The system was evaluated as a kinesthetic feedback display from the elbow prostheses for above-elbow amputees.
Analysis of permethylated glycosphingolipids by desorption chemical ionization/triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Permethylated glycosphingolipids have been studied by using desorption chemical ionization/triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. Collisional-induced dissociation of protonated molecular ions mainly produced the sugar sequence ions. Long-chain base as well as fatty acid daughter ions were observed for ceramides with a saturated long-chain base whereas only long-chain base daughter ions were detected if there was a double bond at the C(4)-C(5) position of the long-chain base. These daughter ions provide useful information for the structure of the ceramides. The absence of fatty acid daughter ions for ceramides with an unsaturation site at the C(4)-C(5) position was postulated with a rearrangement reaction involving the transfer of a hydrogen atom from the C(5) of the long-chain base to the nitrogen atom of the acylamide (fatty acid) residue.
Circadian variation of sudden cardiac death reflects age-related variability in ventricular fibrillation.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND Previous studies report a morning peak in the occurrence of out-of-hospital sudden cardiac death but lack detailed information on underlying arrhythmias. We used the documentation system of the semiautomated defibrillators used by emergency medical technicians to investigate the circadian pattern of defined arrhythmias and the influence of demographic patient characteristics on this pattern. METHODS AND RESULTS From December 1988 to December 1990, 703 consecutive patients (63% men; age, 67 +/- 17 years) with sudden cardiac death were registered in the Klinikum Steglitz area of the Berlin emergency care system. Determination of time of day of the event was based on the arrival time of the rescue squad. A marked circadian variation (P < .0001) in the occurrence of sudden cardiac death was observed with a primary morning peak (6 AM to noon) and a secondary afternoon peak (3 to 7 PM). The subgroup of 294 patients with ventricular fibrillation as initially documented arrhythmia showed a similar circadian variation (P < .0001). In significant contrast (P < .01), patients with asystole (n = 260) or pulseless bradyarrhythmias (n = 149) were more evenly distributed during the daytime with a primary night trough. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the circadian pattern of ventricular fibrillation was similar in both gender groups but tended to differ with regard to age: patients older than 65 years demonstrated a monophasic distribution, whereas patients aged 65 years or less had a biphasic distribution with peaks in the morning and in the afternoon. CONCLUSIONS The circadian pattern of sudden cardiac death reflects primarily a circadian variation in onset of ventricular fibrillation. The different circadian patterns of ventricular fibrillation, pulseless bradyarrhythmias, and asystole suggest different pathophysiological mechanisms of causation of death. The age dependence of the pattern of ventricular fibrillation may indicate different underlying external or endogenous triggers.
Modern Principles of Chemoprophylaxis of Postoperative Complications in Trauma and Orthopaedic Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The basic preconditions and rational schemes of intraoperative chemoprophylaxis of purulent complications are considered. The leading role of Staphylococcus in the infection pathology of loco-motor system (in 77% of patients, aged after 18, with osteomyelitis and infection of soft tissue) is taken into account. The comparative analysis of the results of the 1st (cefazolin) and 2nd (zinacef) generation cephalosporins application is performed at reconstructive operations in the comparable groups of patients. With due regard for the significant rate of Staphylococcus resistence to cefazolin in vitro (up to 25- 42% of isolates in patients with different diseases) and considerably lower resistence to zinacef (under 10%) the authors consider the later to be more preferable for the prevention of suppurative complications in traumatology and orthopaedics.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TIPE TGT DENGAN APLIKASI QUZZIZ UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR DI SD MUHAMMADIYAH BLORA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to increase the learning motivation of fourth grade students of SD Muhammadiyah Blora after applying the TGT type cooperative learning model with Quiziz Application in learning Mathematics. The process of collecting data on students' learning motivation was collected using a learning motivation questionnaire and data on students' reading ability was obtained through a reading test. Based on the analysis, in cycle I the average score of students' motivation was 30.83 (high enough category) and in cycle II it increased to 39.77 (high category), so there was an increase from cycle I to cycle II by 8.94. In cycle I, the average score of students' reading ability was 65.86 (high category) and in cycle II it increased to 72.13 (high category), so there was an increase in reading ability from cycle I to cycle II by 6.27. The implication of this study is that the application of the TGT type cooperative learning model with word card media in learning Indonesian can increase learning motivation and reading ability of grade II semester II students at SD Muhammadiyah Blora.Keyword :TGT cooperative learning, motivation and reading ability
PENGARUH TRANSFER PRICING, UMUR PERUSAHAAN, DAN PERTUMBUHAN PENJUALAN TERHADAP PENGHINDARAN PAJAK

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study aims to provide empirical evidence of the effect of transfer pricing, company age, and sales growth on tax avoidance. The population in this study is consumer non-cyclicals companies in the food and beverage subsector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2018-2022 period. The type of research used is an associative quantitative approach using secondary data in the form of annual financial reports obtained from the IDX. This research uses purposive sampling. The number of samples used was 17 companies with 5 years of observation, so that the total sample of this study was 85 data. Data analysis in this study used panel data regression analysis with the help of EViews version 9 software. The results of the study simultaneously show that transfer pricing, company age, and sales growth affect tax avoidance. While the partial research results show that: (1) Transfer pricing has no effect on tax avoidance, (2) Company age affects tax avoidance, and (3) Sales growth has no effect on tax avoidance. This research is expected to provide contribution benefits in the development of theory about the effect of transfer pricing, company age, and sales growth on tax avoidance
Trash from a temple: a deposit next to the Isis Temple at Berenike (Egypt)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article discusses the stratigraphy and chronological phasing of a late antique trash deposit discovered just outside the north wall of the Isis Temple courtyard. It appears to be consumption waste collected from a large-scale event taking place in the immediate vicinity over a short period of time. Several elements of architectural decoration were found among the rubble, including three fragments of ‘Ionic’ cornice blocks that are an indication of the presence of at least one building with a classical-style architecture in the urban landscape. The fragments are quite unusual in the southern part of the Eastern Desert of Egypt and the first and somewhat unexpected attestation of this style recorded from Berenike.
Effect of experimental diets on theactivities of intestinal digestive enzymes of Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and Silver carp (Hypophthylmichthys molitrix)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A ninety days feeding experiment was directed to compare the effect of Duckweed (Lemna minor) and soybean, Glycine max (L) meals as a source of protein on the actions of intestinal digestive enzymes of Chinese carps; Grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844) and Silver carp, Hypophthylmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844) fingerlings reared in monoculture and polyculture system. Two 35 % protein experimental diets, FSBM (feed containing 21 % soybean meal) and FDW (feed having 21 % duckweed) as a source of protein were prepared and fed for twelve weeks. At the end of trial, the experimental diets showed a significant effect on the activities of intestinal digestive enzymes. There is significant (P<0.001) difference in the intestinal cellulase, protease and amylase enzymes in both Chinese carps. In culture systems, intestinal protease and amylase activities of fingerlings of C. idella fed FDW diets were significantly higher as compared to fish fed FSBM diet. In polyculture system, the intestinal amylase activity of H. molitrix fingerlings was significantly higher when fish offered FDW diet as compared to FSBM diet. The results of this study
Evolving network motifs based morphogenetic approach for self-organizing robotic swarms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In order to traverse through a complex environment, swarm robotic systems need to self-organize themselves to form different yet suitable shapes dynamically to adapt to unknown environments. Biological morphogenetic networks, such as gene regulatory networks (GRNs), are modular with independent units and often show the reuse of recurring patterns termed network motifs. Inspired by biological morphogenesis and evolution and structure of network motifs in biology, in this paper, we propose an evolving GRN-based approach for self-organizing robotic swarms to autonomously generate dynamic patterns in unknown environments. The basic idea of this GRN-based model is: first, several network motifs are predefined as the basic building blocks for GRNs, then an evolutionary algorithm is applied to evolve parameters and the structures of the GRNs model. Then a previously proposed bio-inspired pattern formation algorithm is applied to move robots to generated patterns automatically in a distributed manner. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed bio-inspired model is effective for complex shape generation and formation and robust to environmental changes in complex unknown environments.
Effect of Liquid Grounding Electrode on the NOx Removal by Dielectric Barrier Discharge Non-Thermal Plasma

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, an experimental setup was established to study the influence of potassium chloride (KCL) solution as the ground electrode on the nitrogen oxides (NOx) removal efficiency in non-thermal plasma (NTP) generated by dielectric barrier discharging (DBD) reactor. The experimental results show that the KCL solution as the ground electrode has better stability and higher discharge intensity and it is a promising approach to improve NOx removal efficiency. The specific NOx removal efficiency is related to the power frequency, the concentration and temperature of the KCL solution. As the power frequency increases, the NOx removal efficiency first increases and then decreases, and a maximum value is reached at the power frequency of 8 kHz. The NO removal effect is improved as the concentration of the KCL solution increases, especially when the concentration is lower than 0.1 mol/L. Under the same KCL solution concentration and input energy density, the NOx removal efficiency is increased with the solution temperature. In particular, when the power discharge frequency is 8 kHz, the KCL solution concentration is 0.1 mol/L and the solution temperature is 60 °C, the NOx and NO removal efficiency reach 85.82% and 100%, respectively.
Recurrent Gall-stone Ileus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

MEDBRMSH-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MrIA ORA common.Osteitis deformans is associated with a special form of heart failure due to high output (Edholm, Howarth, and McMichael, 1945).The results of lamin- ectomy depend on the duration of symptoms, and little improvement' will occur when-the paraplegia has been present for a long time.Out of the 44 cases in the litera- ture, laminectomy was done 25 times, with three (12%) deaths, and 18 cases have shown improvement after surgery.An important complication is the recurrence of the paraplegia after the initial relief.This has happened in at least three cases.Case 1 had chronic bronchitis and pulmonary heart disease, but she tolerated the operation well.Her recovery from the paraplegia was slow, but at the end of five and a half months she had only slight neurological deficiency.Case 2 was not operated upon when first seen, owing to his congestive cardiac failure and poor general condition.It was surprising to find him alive ten months later.Although his cardiovascular state has improved, he has been bed- ridden for eighteen months.It is extremely unlikely that any improvement in his paraplegia would occur if decom- pression was done at this date.The general risk is con- siderable and it has been decided that he should not be submitted to operative intervention.Sarcomatous change is a real contingency that cannot be obviated. SummaryTwo cases of paraplegia due to osteitis deformans of the spine are described.The literature is brought up to date.The differences between the two cases and the general pattern of the disorder are discussed.I am grateful to Dr.
FUNDAMENTAL STUDIES ON JAPANESE DIATOMACEOUS EARTHS AND THEIR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS, (3)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

(1) 著者等は前報に引續き一般珪藻土礦床の成因並に珪藻土礦床中の不純物の存在に就て檢討した. 即ち珪藻土礦床は珪藻自體の死滅によつて珪藻殻が沈下堆積して形成されたものであるが, 單に完全な珪藻殻のみならず其等の破片並に不純物として粘土, 砂, 火山灰, 蛋白石, 鐵化合物, アルカリ, アルカリ土類鹽, 有機物, 硫酸分其他動植物化石等を混在する事を指摘し, 其等無機質不純物の莢雜混入の理由並に珪藻土積層中に含まれた種々の有機物の腐敗分解の適程に就て説明した. 其他珪藻土礦床の積層が土壓又は含アルカリ溶液及び粘土其他火山灰等の影響によつて生ずる硬化現象に就ても解説した.(2) 珪藻土礦床の積層中の灰緑色部分に含まれた有機物及び硫酸分の存在理由に就て, これを珪藻の石油成因説と關聯して説明し, 更に此部分は主として珪藻中の有機物質が腐泥化作用を受けて, 他の無機膠状物と堆積又は珪藻殻を多く含んだ瀝青質泥板岩或は泥岩として發達構成されたものと推定した. 又硫酸分の存在は種々の點から見て火山作用又は温泉作用によるよりも寧ろ前記の腐泥化作用に伴ふ硫化水素の發生とバクテリヤによる分解作用によつて起る硫黄の固定と見るのが妥當ではないかと推論した.終りに臨み本研究に對して御生前特に懇篤なる御指導を賜つた故近藤清治博士並に熱誠なる御支援を賜つた教室の方々に對して衷心感謝の意を表する次第である.
Updates in Management of Pulmonary Hypertension in Pediatrics: A Systematic Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: To provide an updated synthesis of the evidence on the management of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in pediatric patients. Methods: We performed a thorough search of electronic databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. Two independent reviewers evaluated and retrieved information from qualifying papers. Results: Our data consists of eight studies with 2003 children, 930 (46.3%) of whom were female. Prostacyclin agonists were found to significantly improve hemodynamic parameters and reduced BNP levels, which implies that they have promising clinical efficacy and a good tolerance profile. No major side effects were noted except for headaches and gastrointestinal symptoms. Systemic glucocorticoids, inhaled NO, endothelin receptor antagonists, and PDE showed tolerability and clinical improvements in pediatric PH. Side effects such as acute kidney damage, renal failure, and methemoglobinemia were noted with the inhaled NO. Conclusion: Pediatric PH is still a difficult condition with high morbidity and mortality. All of the reported pharmacological interventions demonstrated good clinical outcomes and almost no adverse effects. Healthcare practitioners can improve the care of children with PH and eventually improve their quality of life and long-term survival by incorporating new research into clinical practice.