jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mars Science Laboratory Parachute System Performance

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) program, which included the largest rover ever to be sent to another planet, accomplished a successful landing to the Martian surface on August 5, 2012 (PDT). This program utilized modifications to several Viking-era technical approaches in support of this achievement using an Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) architecture comprised of: a heatshield system, a Parachute Decelerator System (PDS), and a “Skycrane” thruster platform for terminal descent. The PDS consisted of a mortar deployed, 21.35 m reference diameter Viking-type Disk-Gap-Band (DGB) parachute that utilized modern materials and construction techniques compared to earlier Viking-era parachutes. Several years prior to the EDL, Pioneer performed Monte Carlo analyses to predict the performance of various aspects of the PDS including: time from mortar fire to line stretch, parachute inflation time and inflation profile, and peak inflation load. The 200 Hz data acquisition sampling rate utilized by the MSL program enabled accurate reconstructions to be made of the entire parachute descent stage. This paper discusses details of the PDS performance based upon the returned flight data and describes Pioneer’s current best estimates for the mortar deployment system performance, parachute inflation time and inflation profile, peak parachute inflation load, and drag performance. Comparisons with pre-EDL simulations are also discussed, most of which compared very favorably to the returned flight performance data. Analysis of the flight data should also allow refinements to be made to the existing Pioneer parachute inflation model, and thereby improve the accuracy of future Mars mission predictions.
Effect of Heat Treatment Process on Microstructure and Properties in Low Carbon Si-Mn Q&amp;P Steel

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. The mechanical properties of Low Carbon Si-Mn Q&amp;P steel are strongly affected by the conditions of heat treatment. Microstructures and mechanical properties of Low Carbon Si-Mn Q&amp;P steel at different partitioning temperature and holding time was investigated. The microstructure was analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is shown that the microstructure of Q&amp;P steel is carbon-depleted lath martensite and carbon enriched retained austenite. The retained austenite appear film-type between the laths. Higher partitioning temperature and longer partitioning time can obtain more retained austenite. It is shown that with increasing partitioning time ultimate tensile strength decreases, while elongation increases obviously. Carbon-enriched metastable retained austenite is considered beneficial because the TRIP phenomenon during deformation can contribute to formability and energy absorption.
Transposon mouse models to elucidate the genetic mechanisms of hepatitis B viral induced hepatocellular carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The major type of human liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), and there are currently many risk factors that contribute to this deadly disease. The majority of HCC occurrences are associated with chronic hepatitis viral infection, and hepatitis B viral(HBV) infection is currently a major health problem in Eastern Asia. Elucidating the genetic mechanisms associated with HBV-induced HCC has been difficult due to the heterogeneity and genetic complexity associated with this disease. A repertoire of animal models has been broadly used to study the pathophysiology and to develop potential treatment regimens for HBVassociated HCC. The use of these animal models has provided valuable genetic information and has been an important contributor to uncovering the factors involved in liver malignant transformation, invasion and metastasis. Recently, transposon-based mouse models are becoming more widely used in liver cancer research to interrogate the genome by forward genetics and also used to validate genes rapidly in a reverse genetic manner. Importantly, these transposon-based rapid reverse genetic mouse models could become crucial in testing potential therapeutic agents before proceeding to clinical trials in human. Therefore, this review will cover the use of transposon-based mouse models toaddress the problems of liver cancer, especially HBVassociated HCC occurrences in Asia.
Effect of potassium and sulphur on growth, yield and economics of summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea l.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Effect of potassium and sulphur on growth, yield and quality of summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) was studied at the PG Research Farm, Agronomy Section, RCSM College of Agriculture, Kolhapur (MS) during summer, 2018. The growth characters, yield attributes and yield of groundnut were influenced significantly due to application of different potassium and sulphur levels. The growth attributes viz., plant height, number of branches plant-1, plant spread plant-1, dry matter plant-1 were recorded highest with application of 45 kg K2O ha-1 which was at par with 30 kg K2O ha-1, but significantly superior over rest of treatments. The yield attributes viz., number of pods plant-1, weight of pods plant-1, weight of 100 kernels, shelling %, SMK % as well as dry pod yield (32.49 q ha-1), dry haulm yield (44.86 q ha-1) and harvest index (42.15%) were recorded maximum with application of 45 kg K2O ha-1 which was at statistically par with application of 30 kg K2O ha-1, but significantly superior over rest of treatments. As regards to the application of sulphure, the growth attributes viz., plant height, number of branches plant-1, plant spread plant-1, dry matter plant-1 were recorded highest with application of 40 kg S ha-1 which was at par with application of 20 kg S ha-1, but significantly superior over 10 kg S ha-1. The yield attributes viz., number of pods plant-1, weight of pods plant-1, weight of 100 kernels, shelling %, SMK %, dry pod yield (32.92 q ha-1), dry haulm yield (45.27 q ha-1) and harvest index (41.10%) were recorded maximum with application of 40 kg S ha-1 which was at par with 20 kg S ha-1, but significantly superior over 10 kg S ha-1. Application of 45 kg K2O ha-1 and 40 kg S ha-1 secured the maximum net monetary returns 81809 Rs ha-1 and 77803 Rs ha-1 with BCR of 2.33 and 2.27, respectively, followed by application of 30 kg K2O ha-1 and 20 kg S ha-1.
An Improved FMECA Method for Wind Turbines Health Management

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper, an improved Failure Modes, Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) method for wind turbine reliability investigation is proposed.According to previous work, the main deficiencies of Risk Priority Number (RPN) based criticality analysis are presented.For the qualitative analysis, failure modes and main causes of a gearbox are analyzed on subcomponents level with available data.After that, inspection approaches are provided and mitigation methods are recommended from both design and maintenance stage.For criticality analysis, another index, Probable Profit Loss (PPL) is created and all the parameters are carefully defined to overcome the limits of conventional RNP method.Moreover, to make PPL applicable for maintenance tasks, different maintenance types are considered for profit loss calculation.The criticality rank shows the efficiency of the index and can be used as reference for making maintenance schedules.
Low back pain : a comparative study on the value of core training versus traditional strengthening exercises

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This randomised controlled trial (RCT) employed a \npre-test/post-test design to compare the effects of core training \n(Pilates method) and traditional back exercises on a population \nwith low back pain (LBP). Therapeutic intervention related to \nthe Pilates method has recently become popular, but there is \nlittle evidence to prove it works. In this study, 120 individuals \nwith LBP were allocated to three different groups. Group A \nwas the control group, Group B was given modified Pilates \nintervention and Group C received traditional back exercises. \nAll three groups were given a posture re-education session and \nback-care advice. After the initial session, the control group had \nindividual sessions on posture re-education. The other groups \nundertook a six-week course of either modified Pilates or general \nback exercise classes. The modified Pilates group was taught \nhow to use the core muscles, incorporating stabilisation with \nincreasing functional movements. The back exercise group did \nsimilar exercises without learning to specifically stabilise. The \nOswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire (ODQ) and \nthe Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were used as measures for \npain and functional disability. Post-test ODQ readings showed \nno significant difference for pain-related function whilst VAS \nreadings revealed a significant improvement in pain levels in all \nthree groups, with the control group showing the best scores. \nHowever, the six-month follow-up scores showed that only the \nmodified Pilates group continued to improve. At this stage, the \ncontrol group was beginning to regress and the back exercise \ngroup was almost back to baseline measures. It was therefore \nconcluded that core stability exercises have better long-term \neffects than traditional back exercises
Advances in seed conservation of wild plant species: a review of recent research

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Seed banking is now widely used for the ex situ conservation of wild plant species. Many seed banks that conserve wild species broadly follow international genebank guidelines for seed collection, processing, storage, and management. However, over the last 10–20 years, problems and knowledge gaps have been identified, which have led to more focused seed conservation research on diverse species. For example, there is now greater ecogeographic understanding of seed storage behaviour and of the relative longevity of orthodox seeds, and we are therefore able to predict which species should be conserved using cryostorage techniques; seed development studies have identified when seeds should be harvested for maximal tolerance of desiccation and longevity in storage, as well as highlighting how seed development can vary between species; and there is now a wealth of literature on the dormancy-breaking and germination requirements of wild species which, as well as enabling better management of accessions, will also mean that their use in restoration, species reintroduction, or for evaluation for other applications is possible. Future research may be focused, for example, on nursery and plant production systems for wild plant species that maximize genetic diversity, so that introduced seeds and plant materials have the resilience to cope with future environmental stresses.
Research on High-Frequency Stock Pair Trading Strategy Based on MS-GARCH Model

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

With the rapid development of high-frequency trading, pair trading, a classic statistical arbitrage strategy, has gradually become a widely applied trading method in the market. This paper focuses on the construction and application of high-frequency stock pair trading strategies based on the MS-GARCH (Markov Switching Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity) model. First, we select suitable stock pairs for pair trading by performing cointegration tests on high-frequency stock data. Then, the MS-GARCH model is used to model the price volatility of these stock pairs, and a high-frequency pair trading strategy is designed based on this model. Through simulation experiments, the effectiveness and robustness of the strategy under different market conditions are verified. The research results show that the MS-GARCH model can effectively capture the volatility characteristics of the market, helping investors achieve better returns and risk control in high-frequency trading. Finally, the paper discusses the potential applications and improvements of high-frequency stock pair trading strategies.
The Longitudinal Impact of Self-esteem Trajectories and Social Support on School Adjustment in Multicultural Children

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The study aims to investigate the trajectory of self-esteem and the longitudinal pathways between self-esteem trajectories, social support (from parents, peers, and teachers), and school life adaptation in multicultural children. This study utilized data from the 1st to 3rd waves of the Multicultural Youth Panel Survey (MAPS 2nd) involving 2,271 elementary school children. Data were analyzed using latent growth modeling (LGM) and structural equation modeling (SEM). The major findings were as follows: First, from fourth to sixth grade, the trajectory of self-esteem among multicultural children decreased linearly over time, with significant individual differences in the intercept and slope of self-esteem. Second, in the fourth grade, social support from parents, peers, and teachers significantly affected the trajectory of self-esteem. Third, both the slope of self-esteem and social support significantly influenced school life adaptation in the sixth grade. These results suggest that supportive social relationships are crucial protective factors for the development of self-esteem in multicultural children. For future interventions targeting low self-esteem, it is essential to foster supportive relationships with parents, peers, and teachers, and to promote positive emotional experiences during late childhood.
The effect of bisdioxopiperazines on the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid and protein in growing mouse-embryo fibroblasts

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Research Article| October 01 1969 The effect of bisdioxopiperazines on the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid and protein in growing mouse-embryo fibroblasts A M Creighton; A M Creighton 1Departments of Chemistry and Environmental Carcinogenesis, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London W.C.2 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar G D Birnie G D Birnie 1Departments of Chemistry and Environmental Carcinogenesis, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London W.C.2 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1969) 114 (4): 58P. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1140058Pa Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation A M Creighton, G D Birnie; The effect of bisdioxopiperazines on the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid and protein in growing mouse-embryo fibroblasts. Biochem J 1 October 1969; 114 (4): 58P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1140058Pa Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1969 The Biochemical Society1969 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Evidence Report: Risk of Acute and Late Central Nervous System Effects from Radiation Exposure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Possible acute and late risks to the central nervous system (CNS) from galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and solar particle events (SPE) are concerns for human exploration of space. Acute CNS risks may include: altered cognitive function, reduced motor function, and behavioral changes, all of which may affect performance and human health. Late CNS risks may include neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia and premature aging. Although detrimental CNS changes are observed in humans treated with high-dose radiation (e.g., gamma rays and 9 protons) for cancer and are supported by experimental evidence showing neurocognitive and behavioral effects in animal models, the significance of these results on the morbidity to astronauts has not been elucidated. There is a lack of human epidemiology data on which to base CNS risk estimates; therefore, risk projection based on scaling to human data, as done for cancer risk, is not possible for CNS risks. Research specific to the spaceflight environment using animal and cell models must be compiled to quantify the magnitude of CNS changes in order to estimate this risk and to establish validity of the current permissible exposure limits (PELs). In addition, the impact of radiation exposure in combination with individual sensitivity or other space flight factors, as well as assessment of the need for biological/pharmaceutical countermeasures, will be considered after further definition of CNS risk occurs.
The genus Aeromonas.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Taxonomy (A. Carnahan & M. Altwegg). Isolation and Enumeration of Aeromonads (N. Moyer). Identification (S. Millership). Subtyping Methods for Aeromonas Species (M. Altwegg). The Ecology of Mesophilic Aeromonas in the Aquatic Environment (P. Holmes, et al.). Human Pathogens (J. Janda & S. Abbott). Aeromonas Species in Disease of Animals (P. Gosling). Fish Pathogens (B. Austin & C. Adams). Pathogenic Mechanisms (P. Gosling). Toxins (S. Howard, et al.). The Aeromonas Hydrophila Group in Food (S. Palumbo). Aeromonas Gastrointestinal Disease: A Case Study in Causation? (S. Joseph). Outlook (B. Austin, et al.). Index.
Winners and losers: adding organisational value

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

As part of a major study into the success and survival of in-house OR groups in the UK the closure of 15 groups was investigated. Six selected continuing groups were also examined with the aim of identifying critical success and survival factors. Information was collected by interviews with key personnel, backed with questionnaire data. The results showed that external and organisational factors were a major cause of closure but that some factors within the control of a group could have been managed more vigorously. Suggestions for improving the effectiveness of OR groups and supporting dispersed practitioners are given.
SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS IN EARLY SIGNALING EVENTS OF FLOW-MEDIATED ENDOTHELIAL MECHANOTRANSDUCTION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

▪ Abstract Blood flow interactions with the vascular endothelium represent a specialized example of mechanical regulation of cell function that has important physiological and pathological cardiovascular consequences. The endothelial monolayer in vivo acts as a signal transduction interface for forces associated with flowing blood (hemodynamic forces) in the acute regulation of artery tone and chronic structural remodeling of arteries, including the pathology of atherosclerosis. Mechanisms related to spatial relationships at the cell surfaces and throughout the cell that influence flow-mediated endothelial mechanotransduction are discussed. In particular, flow-mediated ion channel activation and cytoskeletal dynamics are considered in relation to topographic analyses of the luminal and abluminal surfaces of living endothelial cells.
Radial basis function networks for contingency analysis of bulk power systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Radial basis function networks (RBFNs) are used for contingency evaluation of bulk power system. The motivation behind this work is to exploit the nonlinear mapping capabilities of RBFN in estimating line loading and bus voltage of a bulk power system following a contingency. Unlike most of the available neural networks based techniques, the proposed method utilizes the potential of RBFN in planning studies. The performance of the RBFN is compared with a standard AC load flow algorithm.
THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF Brachiaria GRASS CULTIVARS AT KATUMANI DRYLAND RESEARCH STATION IN SOUTH EASTERN KENYA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study was conducted at Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, Katumani, Machakos to evaluate the herbage quality of Brachiaria grass cultivars in semi arid regions of Eastern Kenya. Brachiaria cultivars namely B. decumbens cv. Basilisk, Brachiaria hybrid Mulato II, four Brachiaria brizantha cultivars Marandu, Xaraes, Piata, MG4 and Brachiaria humidicola cv Llanero were assessed with reference to their chemical and nutritive composition at 22, 24 and 28 weeks post seedling emergence. Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana cv KATR3) and Napier grass (P. pupureum cv. Kakamega I) were included as controls. There were significant differences (p<0.05) among the cultivars for crude protein, crude fibre (NDF, ADF and ADL) Ash, Calcium, Phosphorus, Dry Matter Digestibilty and Metabolisable energy during the the week 22 and 24 post seedling emergence harvest. At week 28 harvest interval, however, ADL values for all the cultivars were similar and only Marandu was significantly different (p<0.05) in terms of metabolizable energy from the rest. The mean CP content of the grasses decreased from 11.1% at week 22 to 6.3% at harvest week 28 harvest intervals. MG4, Mulato II and Xaraes were the only grasses able to meet minimum CP (7.0%) requirement for rumen microbial function throughout the harvest period. Ash and phosphorus values decreased whereas Calcium content increased for all the cultivars during the harvest intervals, with Mulato II recording the highest ash (15%) content during this period. Chloris gayana KATR3 recorded highest average NDF (72.9%), ADF (48.1%) and ADL (6.1%) content during this period. Xaraes, Marandu and Mulato II were the only cultivars able to achieve the highest metabolizable energy of 7.0 MJ/kg DM recorded for the grass cultivars throughout the harvest intervals. These results indicate that Brachiaria grasses can be a good source of forage for livestock and a boost to the forage resource base in the semi arid regions of Kenya. Further research is needed to quantify their productivity in both dry and wet periods and to assess the effect of feeding on animal production performance.
Application of XAFS to Catalytic Materials

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

EXAFS spectroscopy is a powerful technique to determine local structure of a selected atomic species in a sample in any aggregation state and under any kind of atmosphere; for these reasons it is widely used in catalysis. A brief phenomenological explanation of the EXAFS signal and a short description of data collection and data analysis methods are presented. A recent example of its application to a heterogeneous catalytic system is illustrated.
Motivace tělesně postižených dospělých k dalšímu profesnímu vzdělávání

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The aim of this thesis is to compare vocational education and training of persons with disabili- ties and persons without disabilities. Furthermore, the main starting point of the thesis is the outputs of the Czech Statistical Office's Adult Education Survey (2016) and Continuing Voca- tional Training Survey (2015) and two analytical reports of the Cooperation project, which were implemented by the Continuing Education Fund in 2013-2015 and published in 2015. Firstly, I deal with the characteristics of vocational education and training and then I further develop the topic of reasons and obstacles to participation in vocational education and training. Sub- sequently, I tackle the vocational education and training of people with disabilities - I define this group and also describe the system of work rehabilitation and employment. Finally, the focus is shifted on the reasons and obstacles to participation in vocational education and trai- ning. Last but not least, the forms are compared or more precisely the occurrence of reasons and obstacles to participation in vocational education and training for persons with disabilities and persons without disabilities (or rather the entire adult population of the Czech Republic)