jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Higher risk of cardiovascular mortality in young edentulous patients treated with dental implants

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Higher risk of cardiovascular mortality in young edentulous patients treated with dental implantsBackground: Previous research has reported an association between tooth loss and patient mortality, while, the causal relationship has not been elucidated. Rationale: The purpose of this study was to examine the cause of death in edentulous patients in relation to a reference population in different age groups.Patient and methods:Altogether, 3885 consecutively treated implant patients were provided with implants in the edentulous jaw between 1986 and 2014. Of this group, 2098 patients were deceased during the follow-up period. Data on the causes of death for these patients were compared to data from the entire Swedish population using the national cause of death register, which is part of the Swedish Health and Welfare Statistical Database. Analyses were performed based on the gender of the patient and age at implant surgery. Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were calculated as the observed number of death relative to the expected number. These were tested for statistical significance using SAS/STATu00aesoftware.Results:Cancers are the most common cause of death in the entire Swedish population in the age range 45-59 years. In contrast, cardiovascular mortality was the most common cause of death in the present study group of 1308 edentulous patients, who were younger than 60 years at the time of implant surgery. In total 386 patients died during the inclusion period and 76 of them were below an age of 60 years when reported as deceased. Over the entire inclusion period (1986-2014) there was no statistically significant difference in the causes of death between the study group and the normal reference population, expect for CVD-ralated mortality. Edentulous patients under 60 years of age who had been treated with implant surgery between 1986-2014 showed significantly increased mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to the reference population of the same age (p<0.05.). Conclusion:Younger patients (<60 years) who are treated today with implants in the edentulous jaw have an increased risk for early mortality related to cardiovascular diseases. Impact:The observation of higher risk for CVD-related mortality in younger edentulous patients nowadays suggests a need for increased awareness of health problems in these patients. However, the causal relationship requires further study. Keywords: age, CVD, dental implant; mortality; causes of death; edentulous
DVT PREVENTION IN JOINT ARTHROPLASTIES: COMPARISON OF LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN TO CONTINUOUS ENHANCED CIRCULATION THERAPY. (A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED SINGLE-BLIND STUDY)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Study design: In order to evaluate a new CECT (Continuous Enhanced Circulation Therapy) based on protocol for DVT prevention a prospective, randomize, single-blind study was designed to compare the effect of the new protocol to the current standard of care in DCT prophylaxis (LMWH). Objectives: To evaluate and compare the incidence and severity of DVT between the two groups. Background: Total hip and knee replacements are operations particularly prone to thromboembolic complications. Recommendations regarding prophylaxis have changed over the years. A treatment protocol was proposed, based upon the CECT system as the primary DVT prophylaxis method with the addition of low dose aspirin. This protocol is using two very safe treatment modalities with very low risk for adverse effects. The CECT system applies continuous mechanical enhancement of venous blood flow through a miniature, mobile, battery operated system. Methods: 39 patients, who underwent total hip or knee replacement, were prospectively randomized into two groups. In the study group the patients received CECT system starting immediately after the induction of anesthesia and covering the operation and the first 5 postoperative days, within 12 hours after surgery aspirin 100 mg per day was added. In the control group the patients received Enoxaparin 40 mg per day for 5 postoperative days. A venography was performed at the 5th to 8th post-operative day and the DVT prevalence was compared. Results: In the study group 3 patients out of 21 (14.3%) were found to have DVT (1 of them proximal), compared to 8 patients out of 18 (44.4%) in the control group (5 of them proximal). The differences between the two groups are statistically significant for both total and proximal DVT rates (p=0.037). In the study group only 1 patient needed prolonged high dose anticoagulant treatment while 6 patients in the enoxaparin group were treated (p=0.020). The cumulative incidence of adverse events in the study group was significantly lower than that observed in the control group (p=0.000). Average postoperative hospital stay was 8.4 days in the study group and 11.7 days in the control group (p=0.002). The CECT device was very well tolerated by the patients and facilitated early mobilization. Conclusions: The protocol combining CECT and Aspirin was found to be both safe the effective. Comparison to the standard prophylaxis with enoxaparin revealed significant advantage of the proposed protocol with: better DVT prevention, less adverse events and shorter hospital stay. Further research is needed in order to establish the place of this prophylaxis protocol as the treatment of choice in orthopaedic patients.
Social Network Structure as a Critical Success Condition for Virtual Communities

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Virtual communities have become an important new organizational form and yet relatively little is known about the conditions which lead to their success. In an attempt to address this knowledge gap, a particular subset of virtual communities - open source software project communities - is investigated and four hypotheses are asserted which relate social network structure to community success. The hypotheses, which are based on social network theory and related research, suggest that success is supported by high levels of affiliation with other communities, moderate levels of density within the network of community conversations, moderate levels of density in the communications between peripheral members and core members, and low levels of density in the communications between administrators and the rest of the community. Empirical research is underway to test these hypotheses based on a sample of over 200 open source software project communities.
Celebrities and the media : an investigation of visual form and processes.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study examines the construction of the celebrity image in Singapore. Using video documentation as a mode of research, the authors attempt to de-layer the various levels of image construction of an up-and-coming Television Corporation of Singapore actress, Phyllis Quek. In doing so, the process of deconstruction also takes place. The authors not only attempt to find out what makes a star, but also what lies beneath the star. The relationship between the celebrity and the media in Singapore is also placed under scrutiny.
Prehospital Pericardiocentesis Using a Pneumothorax Needle

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Case: We discuss a patient with a penetrating knife wound to the chest who lost pulses from cardiac tamponade. Prehospital ultrasound was able to quickly identify the tamponade and a pericardiocentesis was performed using a Simplified Pneumothorax Emergency Air Release (SPEARTM) Needle (North American Rescue, LLC, USA) with subsequent return of spontaneous circulation. Discussion: Penetrating chest trauma carries significant morbidity and mortality. In traumatic cardiac arrest due to a penetrating mechanism, it is paramount that the patient be transported to a trauma center as quickly as possible. Prehospital pericardiocentesis is a potential life-saving intervention.
In vivo photorelease of GABA in the mouse cortex

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Electrical stimulation has been used for more than 100 years in neuroscientific and biomedical research as a powerful tool for controlled perturbations of neural activity. Despite quickly driving neuronal activity, this technique presents some important limitations, such as the impossibility to activate or deactivate specific neuronal populations within a single stimulation site. This problem can be avoided by pharmacological methods based on the administration of receptor ligands able to cause specific changes in neuronal activity. However, intracerebral injections of neuroactive molecules inherently confound the dynamics of drug diffusion with receptor activation. Caged compounds have been proposed to circumvent this problem, for spatially and temporally controlled release of molecules. Caged compounds consist of a protecting group and a ligand made inactive by the bond between the two parts. By breaking this bond with light of an appropriate wavelength, the ligand recovers its activity within milliseconds. To test these compounds in vivo, we recorded local field potentials (LFPs) from the cerebral cortex of anesthetized female mice (CF1, 60-70 days, 20-30 g) before and after infusion with caged γ-amino-butyric-acid (GABA). After 30 min, we irradiated the cortical surface with pulses of blue light in order to photorelease the caged GABA and measure its effect on global brain activity. Laser pulses significantly and consistently decreased LFP power in four different frequency bands with a precision of few milliseconds (P < 0.000001); however, the inhibitory effects lasted several minutes (P < 0.0043). The technical difficulties and limitations of neurotransmitter photorelease are presented, and perspectives for future in vivo applications of the method are discussed.
Quantitative Bacteriology in Adenoid Tissue

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Over the past several years the indications for adenoidectomy have become increasingly controversial. Attempts to justify the operation in recurrent otitis media by correlating cultures of the nasopharynx with cultures of middle ear fluid have been inconclusive. Using quantitative bacteriologic techniques, we have studied the levels of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria per gram of tissue in adenoids removed from 48 patients. In seven patients, adenoidectomy was performed for nasal obstruction alone, in 17 patients for chronic serous otitis media, and in 24 patients for recurrent suppurative and serous otitis media. Using the criterion that greater than 10 5 organisms/gm of tissue constitutes infection, we found that 83% (20) of patients in the third group had infected adenoids, as opposed to only 15% (4) in the first and second group combined. Adenoid size measured radiographically did not correlate with the presence of infection. When recurrent suppurative and serous otitis media are unresponsive to medical therapy including antibiotics and decongestants, adenoidectomy should be considered in addition to myringotomy and ventilation tubes.
Enhancement of quantum efficiency in thin photodiodes through absorptive resonance

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The spectral response of resonantly enhanced photodiodes is analyzed theoretically and verified experimentally. Comprehensive design guidelines and formulas are given for device structures containing a metal reflector, a contact layer, and optional grading layer, an absorbing layer, and a quarter-wave stack (QWS). The analysis shows, for instance, that the quantum efficiency of a Schottky photodiode with a 162-nm GaInAs absorbing layer can be enhanced 3.7-fold by using a 41-layer AlInAs/AlGaInAs QWS. The number of layers required could be much lower for other material systems and/or if the substrate is removed. Experimentally, 50% enhancement is demonstrated for a 475-nm-thick absorbing layer at 1.52 mu m by using a 16-layer QWS. The resonance width is approximately 4.4%.< >
Bark reflectance spectra of conifers and angiosperms: implications for host discrimination by coniferophagous bark and timber beetles

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The spectral reflectance of phytophagous insects' host plants is usually quantified between 300–350 nm (ultraviolet, UV) and 700 nm (farred to infrared), and the shape and magnitude of the distribution of reflected light determine the hue, saturation, and intensity perceived by insects (Moericke 1969). Host perception also depends on the distribution of environmental light (Endler 1993) and on the constraints of the insects' visual system, which is usually described as dichromatic, with one type of photoreceptor responding maximally to blue light (λ max = ca . 400–470 nm) and another to green light (λ max = ca . 500–530 nm). UV receptors also appear to be common, if not ubiquitous (Briscoe and Chittka 2001; Mazza et al. 2002). Several phytophagous insects have been shown to use visual cues, including UV reflectance, to locate and (or) discriminate among plants (Prokopy and Owens 1983).
Biogenesis and Degradation of Gap Junctions

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The dynamic regulation of gap junction biogenesis and degradation is a key element in the control of intercellular communication. This regulation starts in the endoplasmic reticulum, in which a large fraction of newly synthesized connexin molecules can be degraded. Multisubunit assembly of endogenously expressed connexins is first detected in the trans-Golgi network, as opposed to the endoplasmic reticulum wherein most other integral membrane proteins oligomerize. Gap junction plaques grow, at least in part, by lateral diffusion of plasma membrane connexin hemichannels to the periphery of the plaques. Connexins have a half-life of a few hours, being turned over within the endoplasmic reticulum by the ubiquitin/proteasome system and after transport to the cell surface via the lysosome. Although some aspects of gap junction biogenesis and degradation are relatively well understood, several intriguing unanswered questions remain.
Unleashing the Power of the Playstation 3 to Boost Graphics Programming

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This tutorial is intended for programmers who are interested in boosting their graphics application using a different architectural paradigm: the cell broadband engine (Cell BE). Our main idea is to focus on performance issues that can be efficiently handled by the multicore and vector facilities of the Cell BE. We aim to offer to programmers an alternative way for high-performance graphics rather than the use of graphics processing units (GPUs). The Cell BE processor is the first implementation of a chip multiprocessor with a significant number of general purpose programmable cores. It is a heterogeneous multicore chip capable of massive floating point processing optimized for computation-intensive workloads that opens up the possibility of implementing highly parallel graphics application on a single chip. Our goal in this tutorial is to introduce the cell BE architecture, show the main differences in its programming model, describe its development environment, and give some step-by-step examples of Cell BE programs. We also introduce the usage of a Playstation 3 (PS3) as a high-performance cell platform.
Introduction

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This book explores the upbringing, military training, wartime experiences, attitudes, and post-Korea lives of Americans who served in the Korean War. It examines the impact of the Korean War on veterans and on the world to which they returned. It also considers the various circumstances that compelled Americans to accept military service and join the armed forces in the early 1950s, along with the experiences of American prisoners of war captured by the enemies. It also discusses recent efforts by Korean War veterans to rekindle their veteran identity and to seek wider recognition for their service, such as forming organizations like the Chosin Few and the Korean War Veterans Association, as well as lobbying for a national memorial and for Veterans Administration medical benefits.
Microbial Cell Factories for Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloid Production

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract For decades, plants have represented an inexhaustible source of natural products used in various sectors such as health and industry. However, one recurring problem is the low accumulation of these compounds in planta and, therefore, their production costs and supply. In recent years, unprecedented hope has been brought by the metabolic engineering of microorganisms, which opens up prospects for supply of these molecules at lower cost with high added value. However, many of these productions remained at a laboratory scale. In a recent article published in Nature Communication , Vincent J. J. Martin's team has developed an optimized yeast strain capable of synthesizing not only a huge amount of ( S )‐reticuline, a major precursor of the plant tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid series, but also a whole range of new‐to‐nature compounds from this prominent family of natural products. This synthesis, reaching industrial scales, thus paves the way to efficient production in microbial cell factories.
Parametric investigation of exploding thin-film excitation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTParametric investigation of exploding thin-film excitationR. D. Sacks and D. V. DuchaneCite this: Anal. Chem. 1978, 50, 13, 1757–1765Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50035a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50035a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views27Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Supervisory Training and Employee Turnover

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Different perspectives exist in the relationship between employee ability and the turnover process. One suggests a positive relationship in that high ability employees tend to leave. An alternate perspective posits an inverse relationship in that high ability employees tend to remain in the organization. The present study tests these competing perspectives by examining the relationship between the effects of supervisory training (ability enhancement) and subsequent turnover. The results tend to support the contention that ability enhancement contributes to lower turnover for five of the six occupational categories examined. The results are discussed relative to future research needs in the area of training and turnover.
Anomalous Interference Effect in Pure Nuclear Bragg Reflection of Fe3O4

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Investigation on the pure nuclear Bragg reflection of the 57Fe-enriched Fe3O4 single crystal has been conducted by means of the synchrotron Mössbauer four-circle diffractometer at SPring-8 BL11XU. We have succeeded, for the first time, in observing the pure nuclear Bragg reflection from the forbidden 200 reflection and obtained the site-selective spectrum only consisting of the B-site Fe. However, the reflection intensity was extremely weak and the reflection spectrum had anomalous shape, where the second and the sixth lines almost disappeared. These features are interpreted well by the destructive interference effect between the B-sites. We also found that the 10 10 0 reflection spectrum obtained from the 57Fe-enriched specimen is very different from that of the natural Fe specimen. The B-site spectrum, which should appear owing to the pure nuclear Bragg reflection, is much weaker in the 57Fe-enriched specimen. We suppose that in the natural Fe specimen, the constructive interference effect between the A- and B-sites may intensify the B-site spectrum, whereas in the 57Fe-enriched specimen, the destructive interference effect between the B-sites mainly works to attenuate the B-site spectrum. Assuming that the interference effect is dominated mainly by the nearest neighbor 57Fe–57Fe interaction, all these anomalous features are comprehensible.
EMPIRICAL RELATIONS BETWEEN SOIL COMPONENTS AND WATER RETENTION AT 1/3 and 15 ATMOSPHERES

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Regression equations, developed to predict the water content at 1/3- and 15-atm tension for various soil Orders in Canada, were tested against a set of independent data with generally a good degree of success. Some of the discrepancies between predicted and observed values could be attributed to the mineralogical and/or textural distribution of the prediction vs. test data, but in other cases causes of inconsistency were unclear. The equations which were not tested, due to insufficient available test data, should be used with caution.
Roughening Transition of a Stepped Cu(113) Surface: A Synchrotron X-Ray-Scattering Study

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The study of the roughening transition of a stepped surface of Cu(113) has been performed with the use of synchrotron grazing-incidence x-ray scattering. Surface roughening was observed directly from x-ray scans of the step superlattice reflection between 300 and 750 K. The results are interpreted with a theory of Villain, Grempel, and Lapujoulade, and the values of the transition temperature, the step-step repulsive energy, and the kink energy are determined to be 620\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10 K, 7.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9 meV, and 181\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}6.5 meV, respectively.
The Effectiveness of an On-Bicycle Curriculum on Children

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The objective of this study was to determine whether the BikeSafe on-bicycle curriculum affects children's bicycle safety knowledge and collect cross-sectional data on cycling beliefs and attitudes.The University of Miami's BikeSafe program collected surveys from 286 participants, aged 7-15, in 10 Miami-Dade County Parks, Recreation, and Open Spaces summer camps from June to August 2015. Pre and post knowledge assessments were analyzed for 83 intervention group and 57 control group participants. Posttesting occurred immediately following program implementation and 2-4 weeks postimplementation.Intervention group participants demonstrated significant differences (P < .05) in knowledge gain between testing points, whereas control group participants did not. Participants (n = 286) were more likely to be encouraged to ride a bicycle by parents/guardians (61.2%) than by friends (38.1%) or schools (19.6%). Older respondents reported lower intentions of helmet use compared to the younger age group, χ2(4) = 27.96, P < .0005.Children's bicycle safety knowledge increased following implementation of the BikeSafe on-bicycle curriculum. This study confirmed previous research on the decrease in helmet use as children get older and provided insight into how children view their parents' beliefs and attitudes relating to cycling. The findings of this study can be used to effectively target future educational and encouragement initiatives.