jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Phase Behaviorand Microscopic Mechanisms of Separationof n‑Hexane and Methylcyclopentane Mixtureswith Deep Eutectic Solvents

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

n-Hexane is widely used in industry, and methylcyclopentane is often generated as a byproduct during its production. The small boiling point difference (3.08 K) between these two compounds makes their separation challenging using traditional distillation methods. Extractive distillation, known for its high efficiency and energy savings, is effective in separating azeotropic and near-azeotropic mixtures. Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs), a new class of green solvents, have shown promise in chemical separations. This study investigates the use of DESs as potential entrainers for the separation of n-hexane and methylcyclopentane in extractive distillation. The COSMO-SAC model was used to select two DESs: DES1 (tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB):decanoic acid = 1:2) and DES2 (TBAB:oleic acid = 1:3). Vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data for the ternary system (n-hexane-methylcyclopentane-DES) were measured at 101.3 kPa. The results showed that both DESs effectively separated n-hexane and methylcyclopentane at a 25 mol % concentration, with DES1 demonstrating superior performance. The VLE data were fitted using the Non-Random Two-Liquid (NRTL) model, yielding satisfactory results. Quantum chemistry calculations further elucidated the molecular mechanisms behind the superior separation performance of DES1.
An Analytical Study on International Labour Concerning in Collective Bargaining with Public Sector

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This composition is about transnational labor associations concerning collective bargaining with the public sector in the global period. Globalization has profoundly changed and also told its legal structure, the culture and the association in which work is now being carried out. This composition includes delineations and purposes of Collaborative Logrolling. The composition has the ideal of ILO principle on right of collaborative logrolling. In order to attract each other, developing countries in particular contend. What do International labor norms mean in this terrain? In the history, the International Labour Organization has established the ILS. The ILO still exists moment, but its dereliction function suffers from huge scarcities in its enforcement. In fact, the ILO is concerned with collective bargaining and unborn concession, private enterprise being undermined. The argument is that there has been a shift from public to private regulation that has created interdependence between several players which is pivotal for the being ILS regulation. thus, the unborn success and effectiveness of ILS depend substantially on how this interdependence works. The composition also bandied International labor norms perpetration, creation and benefits besides inter relation of ILS and collaborative logrolling conventions & programs. The composition concluded that The ILO has in more recent times paid increased attention to collaborative logrolling in the public services. In the colorful ILO review reports appertained to in this paper, the ILO and its administrative panels note a global expansion in logrolling in public services, and farther ‘ democratisation’ of labour relations indeed in exigency and public services.
Ropinirole

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Ropinirol is a nonergoline dopamine agonist used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and restless legs syndrome. The disposition and metabolism of ropinirol were investigated in healthy male subjects after an oral 0.1‐mg dose and an intravenous 0.08‐mg dose. The parent drug was extensively metabolized. N‐Dealkylation yielded N ‐despropyl ropinirol as the major metabolite in humans. Aryl hydroxylation formed the pharmacologically active 7‐hydroxy ropinirol. The N ‐dealkylated metabolite underwent hydroxylation and oxidative deamination to yield secondary metabolites. Further glucuronide conjugation of the aryl hydroxylation metabolites and a carbamoyl glucuronide derivative was also detected.
Troubling meanings of family and competing moral imperatives in the family lives of young people with a parent who is at the end of life

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article draws on a narrative study of young people with a parent who is at the end of life to examine how family lives are troubled by life-limiting parental illness. Young people struggled to reconcile the physical and emotional absence of family members with meanings of ‘family’; the extent to which young people could rely on family to ‘be there’ in these troubling circumstances was of practical, emotional and moral significance. Our discussion is situated in the context of an English end of life care policy predicated on the ideal of a good death as one that takes place at home accompanied by family members. We explore how the shift away from family as a site for nurturing children towards family as a space to care for the dying is experienced by young people, and consider how these competing moral imperatives are negotiated through relational practices of care.
Light-responsive field emission for display applications

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Using the ZnO nanowire emitters with the photoconductor as the anode, the concept of a light-responsive field emission display (FED) was demonstrated. The brightness of display can be automatically increased with the increasing of external light-intensity. Additionally, the photo/dark current ratio can be controllably adjusted by changing the device parameters. The response of conductivity of photoconductor for visible light is considered the primary reason causing the observed phenomenon.
Optimal Cell Flipping in Placement and Floorplanning ABSTRACT Chiu-wing Sham

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In a placed circuit, there are a lot of movable cells that can be flipped to further reduce the total wirelength, without affecting the original placement solution. We aim at solving this flipping problem optimally. However, solving such a problem optimally is non-trivial given the gigantic sizes of modern circuits. We are able to identify a large portion of cells (about 75%) of which the orientation (flipped or not flipped) can be determined independent of the orientations of all the other cells. We have derived three non-trivial conditions to identify those so called independent cells, strictly solvable cells and conditionally solvable cells. In this way, we can greatly reduce the number of cells whose orientations are dependent on each other. Finally, the cell flipping problem of the remaining dependent cells can be formulated as a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem and solved optimally. However, this may still be too slow for extremely large circuits and we have applied two other methods, Linear Programming (LP) and Linear Programming followed by Mixed Integer Linear Programming (LP+MILP) to solve the problem. Experimental results show that by identifying those independent and solvable cells first and applying the LP+MILP technique, we can solve this flipping problem effectively and obtain results just 0.01 % more than the optimal. In addition, we can improve the wirelength and number of overflow tiles by 5 % and 9 % respectively on the floorplanning benchmarks.
Breakage Susceptibility of Corn-Belt Genotypes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT MEASUREMENTS for corn (Zea mays L.) breakage susceptibility by centrifugal impact and by CK-2M Stein* breakage tests were performed on widely grown corn-belt inbreds and hybrids grown over a 4-year period. Breakage susceptibility varied significantly among genotypes. High-temperature dried corn was two to six times more susceptible to breakage than low-temperature dried corn. The percentage of floaters, an index of kernel hardness, varied significantly among genotypes, but was not correlated with breakage susceptibility for low-temperature dried corn. Test weight decreased and 100-kernel dry matter weight increased as the percentage of floaters increased.
Neural map organization and development in the lateral-line system

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Las neuronas sensoriales proyectan al sistema nervioso central siguiendo una distribucion espacial ordenada, formando mapas neuronales que representan propiedades de los estimulos sensoriales y que son considerados esenciales para la interpretacion del mundo exterior. He utilizado la linea lateral de la larva del pez cebra como modelo para el estudio de la organizacion y el desarrollo de mapas neuronales sensoriales. Las neuronas sensoriales de la linea lateral forman un mapa neuronal topografico, conocido como somatotopia, que representa la posicion del estimulo sensorial. He demostrado que el orden de neurogenesis define la somatotopia. Ademas, he identificado dos subclases de neuronas sensoriales de la linea lateral que presentan diferencias en sus patrones de proyeccion central y en sus contactos con una neurona central: la celula de Mauthner. Propongo que este dimorfismo es importante para generar reacciones comportamentales adecuadas al contexto sensorial. Tambien he demostrado una contribucion por parte del orden de neurogenesis a la formacion del mapa neuronal dimorfico de la linea lateral. Finalmente, he obtenido resultados que muestran que la diversidad neuronal y la topologia del mapa observadas ocurren con normalidad en ausencia de actividad sensorial.
Post-secularism Marginalizes the University: A Rejoinder to Hollinger

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Like David Hollinger I think that the history of secularization, or as he prefers, de-Christianization, has been unduly avoided and might well be at the center of contemporary American historiography. As he says, this ought to bring religious history more into the mainstream. But I would like to develop some of his points in a different way than he does in the recent “Perspectives” section in Church History . Our differences derive from the fact that he sees secularization as a default value, the absence of a distraction, whereas I focus on secularism, something substantial and ideological. I hope that adopting that perspective may make sense of his main puzzle, which is why religion “persists” in America even though it has lost all the recent debates. Indeed I would like to turn his question around, to suggest that secularism is failing and that we should start thinking in terms of a “post-secular” society. This could mean, contrary to Hollinger's implication, that America is not lagging in this area but might be “ahead” of Europe.
The Effect of a Good HR in Promoting KM &#x00026; Innovation in a Manufacturing Sector &#150; A System Dynamics Approach

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Innovation is important to all organizations in all sectors. In a knowledge economy, the better use of knowledge can lead to faster, less risky and more vibrant innovation. A good Human Resource (HR) department in an organization ensures that all the employees are motivated to become knowledge workers and contribute towards organizational objectives. This calls for an effective and in-depth analysis of various HR parameters which have bearing on the system performance. With the above perspective in focus, the purpose of this paper is to delineate through System Dynamics (SD) simulation the fact that good HR Management will enhance Knowledge Management (KM) which is the prime driver of innovation.
Spin Physics of Excitons in Colloidal Nanocrystals

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present a review of spin-dependent properties of excitons in semiconductor colloidal nanocrystals. The photoluminescences (PL) properties of neutral and charged excitons (trions) are compared. The mechanisms and the polarization of radiative recombination of a “dark” (spin-forbidden) exciton that determines the low-temperature PL of colloidal nanocrystals are discussed in detail. The radiative recombination of a dark exciton becomes possible as a result of simultaneous flips of the surface spin and electron spin in a dark exciton that leads to admixture of bright exciton states. This recombination mechanism is effective in the case of a disordered state of the spin system and is suppressed if the polaron ferromagnetic state forms. The conditions and various mechanisms of formation of the spin polaron state and possibilities of its experimental detection are discussed. The experimental and theoretical studies of magnetic field-induced circular polarization of PL in ensembles of colloidal nanocrystals are reviewed.
Existence Theory for Nonlinear Third-Order Ordinary Differential Equations with Nonlocal Multi-Point and Multi-Strip Boundary Conditions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the solvability and Ulam stability for a nonlocal nonlinear third-order integro-multi-point boundary value problem on an arbitrary domain. The nonlinearity in the third-order ordinary differential equation involves the unknown function together with its first- and second-order derivatives. Our main results rely on the modern tools of functional analysis and are well illustrated with the aid of examples. An analogue problem involving non-separated integro-multi-point boundary conditions is also discussed.
The semantics of alarm definitions: enabling systematic reasoning about alarms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

SUMMARY The development and integration of an alarm interface between network elements and a network management system is a costly process, largely because of the informal way in which alarm interfaces are expressed and communicated. Low‐quality alarm documentation and confusion around fundamental concepts like alarm states and alarm types are typical consequences of current practices. If alarm interfaces were expressed in a more formal manner, costs could be reduced and more advanced analysis and automation would be enabled. We present a novel approach to alarm interfaces by providing a formal alarm model together with a domain‐specific language that allows us to specify both the alarm models and the constraints placed on the alarm models in a consistent manner. This means that we can verify the consistency of an alarm interface and automatically generate artifacts such as alarm correlation rules or alarm documentation based only on the model. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mediatization at the margins: Cosmopolitanism, network capital and spatial transformation in rural Sweden

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The significance of mediatization in countryside settings is an under-researched topic in media studies. In this paper, based on qualitative fieldwork carried out in two rural areas in Sweden, we study how mediatization integrates the prospects of cosmopolitan social change. The current phase of the mediatization process, which imposes a more dynamic register of networked communication, nourishes a new type of cosmopolitan identity in the countryside. As shown in the study, this development is constituted by complex configurations of different forms of mobility and connectivity. We argue that these spatial processes are socially structured, meaning that certain social groups are better equipped, through the appropriation of network capital, for turning cosmopolitan dispositions into a transformative resource, a ‘cosmopolitan politics of place’. Such alterations of the social structure may successively destabilize the relationship between ‘the urban’ and ‘the rural’.
Postoperative small intestinal obstruction caused by barbed suture after robot‐assisted laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction We present a case of small intestinal obstruction due to a barbed suture used for peritoneal closure during robot‐assisted laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy. Case presentation A female patient with pelvic organ prolapse underwent robot‐assisted laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy uneventfully. Intestinal obstruction developed on postoperative Day 4. Conservative treatment with the ileus tube failed to improve abdominal symptoms. The laparoscopic examination on postoperative Day 14 revealed the barbed suture entangled with the small intestinal mesentery. The tail of the barbed suture was laparoscopically detached from the mesentery without damaging the small intestine. The tail of the barbed suture was trimmed; an antiadhesive material was applied to the peritoneal closure line and the trimmed tail of the barbed suture. Conclusion We recommend the use of conventional absorbable sutures in the peritoneal cavity because of the potential risk of intestinal obstruction caused by the barbed suture.
Psychopharmacology. Clozapine and agranulocytosis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

U se of clozapine, an atypical antipsychotic medication indicated for treatment-resistant patients with schizophrenia and other psychoses, is associated with risk of agranulocytosis, a blood disorder that is potentially fatal if not detected early. In the United States, clozapine is distributed through a national patient registry system that provides the medication only if results of patients’ weekly blood tests show no evidence of agranulocytosis . Agranulocytosis is defined as a white blood cell count of less than 1,000 per mm3 or an absolute granulocyte count of less than 500 per mm3. According to the clozapine national patient registry system, between February 1990, when clozapine was introduced commercially in the United States, and June 1996, 728 cases of leukopenia (mild white blood cell suppression), 464 cases of agranulocytosis, and 13 deaths due to neutropenic infections secondary to clozapine-induced agranulocytos is have l)eeIl reported (Krassner MB, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals Corporation, personal communication, 1996). Clinical symptoms of agranulocvtosis indude lethargy, weakness, fever, and sore throat. Researchers have proposed three mechanisms for clozapine’s negative effects on formation of white l)lood cells. First, the clozapine metabolite, desmethyiclozapine, may have direct cytotoxic effects on marrow cells (1). Second, release of granulocyte-stimulating factor may be suppressed iw clozapine, diminishing the ability of
Greater occipital nerve blockade for the preventive treatment of chronic migraine: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Greater occipital nerve blockade for the prevention of chronic migraine has a limited evidence base. A robust randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial is needed. Methods This double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial, following a baseline period of four weeks, randomly assigned patients of chronic migraine 1:1 to receive four-weekly bilateral greater occipital nerve blockade with either 2 ml of 2% (40 mg) lidocaine (active group) or 2 ml of 0.9% saline (placebo) injections for 12 weeks. The primary and key secondary efficacy endpoints were a change from the baseline in the mean number of headache and migraine days and the achievement of ≥50% reduction in headache days from baseline across the weeks 9–12 respectively. Safety evaluations included the documentation and reporting of serious and other adverse events. Results Twenty-two patients each were randomly allocated to the active and placebo group. Baseline demography and clinical characteristics were similar between the two groups. Mean headache and migraine days at baseline (±SD) were 23.4 ± 4.4 and 15.6 ± 5.7 days in the active group and 22.6 ± 5.0 and 14.6 ± 4.6 days in the placebo group respectively. The active group compared to the placebo had a significantly greater least-squares mean reduction in the number of headache and migraine days (−4.2 days [95% CI: −7.5 to −0.8; p = 0.018] and −4.7 days [95%CI: −7.7 to −1.7; p = 0.003] respectively). 40.9% of patients in the active group achieved ≥50% reduction in headache days as compared with 9.1% of patients receiving a placebo (p = 0.024). Overall, 64 mild and transient adverse events were reported by 16 patients in the active group and 15 in the placebo. No death or serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion Four-weekly greater occipital nerve blockade with 2% lidocaine for 12 weeks was superior to placebo in decreasing the average number of headache and migraine days in patients with chronic migraine with a good tolerability profile. Clinical trial.gov no. CTRI 2020/07/026709
Mangupa; An Oral Tradition of Angkola Community

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The oral traditions of indigenous communities Angkola mangupa belief to be efforts to restore stamina to the body (paulak tondi tu badan) to seek blessings from Allah, the Almighty God, to be safe, healthy, and prosperous in life. Mangupa levels adjusted corresponding to pangupa materials such as buffalo, goats, chickens, and eggs, then given advice mangupa (hata pangupa; hata upah-upah) submitted by traditional leaders. The analysis results of mangupa found the local knowledge values such as: a) the human relationship with God, b) the meaning of human life, c) the human relationship with the natural surroundings, d) the human relationship with time, e) the behavior to be industrious and enterprising, thrifty, and religious, to get along peacefully with each other; f) the aesthetic value of humility, customary of politeness, g) the expectation that the marriage will be the marriage of a lifetime; h) The value and philosophical significance of indigenous material derived pangupa animals, plants, and derived from nature; i) The bride and groom who have not through a traditional ceremonies (maradat) retains the customary effect throughout the traditional debt to be paid until they have the means.
Yards, block groups, and vegetation cover measures

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Residential yards are a significant component of urban socio-ecological systems; residential land covers 11% of the United States and is often the dominant land use within urban areas. Residential yards also play an important role in the sustainability of urban socio-ecological systems, affecting biogeochemical cycles, water, and the climate via individual- and household-level behaviors. Vegetation, such as trees and grasses, are unevenly distributed across front and back yards, and we sought to understand how similar yards are to each other when compared to their neighboring yards and neighborhoods using aerial imagery. There are many ways to measure yard similarity, and we compared several measures to account for different definitions of ‘neighborness’. We examined the spatial autocorrelation of several yard vegetation characteristics in both front and backyards in Boston, MA, USA. Our study area included 1,027 Census block groups (sub-neighborhood areas) and 175,576 parcels with matched front-backyard pairings (n = 351,152 yards in total) across Boston’s metropolitan area. This data package contains 1) 351,152 yard spatially-referenced yard polygons with five measures of vegetation summarized, 2) the containing block groups, and 3) and *.R script that replicates the analyses reported in Locke, D. H., Ossola, A., Minor, E., & Lin, B. B. (2021). Spatial contagion structures urban vegetation from parcel to landscape. People and Nature, 00, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10254