jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Influence of Bonding Delaminations on The Electromechanical Admittance (EMA) of a Single-element Piezoelectric Transducer

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The transducer is an essential part of all ultrasonic systems used for applications such as medical diagnostics, therapy, nondestructive evaluation, cleaning or other purposes because its health condition is vital to their proper operation. Defects within the active element, backing or other constitutive elements, loss of adhesion between layers can significantly weaken the performance of a transducer. The objective of this work is to determine procedures to monitor the behavior of a single-element probe during its lifetime and detect degradations before they significantly affect the performance of the system. To achieve this, electromechanical admittance-based (EMA-based) method is envisaged numerically and experimentally. A simplified single-element transducer consisting of a piezoceramic disk, a bonding layer and a backing is studied and the influence of bonding delamination on EMA is investigated. This study considers three different types of delaminations, which are named respectively ?center? (circular delamination from the center of the disc towards the peripheric zone), ?peripheric? (annular delamination from the peripheric zone towards the center) and ?wedge? (delamination from the center to the outside with a given angle). First, a numerical model based on the finite element method is developed. A two-dimensional (2D) finite element analysis is implemented for the first two types of delaminations, taking advantage of their axisymmetric structure, and ?wedge? delamination is modeled in three dimensions (3D). Secondly, transducers with different shapes of 3D printed backings are mounted and experiments are conducted using an impedance analyzer. Experimental results are found to be in good agreement with numerical solutions and it is shown that changes in EMA could allow early detection of delaminations in an ultrasound probe.
Rethinking climate change: Perception, adaptation and vulnerability among rice and wheat farmers in northern India

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Climate change is one of the most complex challenges that we face in current times and it will affect human populations across the world. The impacts of climate change are likely to be rather prominent on agricultural systems and on communities dependent on them. My doctoral thesis addressed the subject of climate change from the perspective of rice- and wheat farmers in Uttar Pradesh in northern India, focussing on different vulnerability zones in the state. I examined how traditional knowledge systems and local strategies have been used by farmers to negotiate climatic change that they have experienced. My observations suggest that the understanding of this global phenomenon is rather different at the local level. The thesis thus engaged with specific issues in the different vulnerability zones studied and examined how different groups of farmers in these regions were impacted by and perceived climate change. Rice- and wheat cultivation form the core of agriculture in India and, if affected adversely by changes in climate, could impact our food security. Accordingly, my thesis has discussed farmer understandings of climate change, the problems that they face and their reasons for pursuing short-term coping strategies. My study further assessed the vulnerability of agriculture to climate change and contributes to the larger comparative project of adaptation strategies that may evolve in response to climate change. Vulnerability assessments have typically adopted a top-down approach, especially when formulating state- and national-level economic or policy decisions. Bottom-up approaches of vulnerability assessment, such as participatory methods, however, reveal disparate resources and the existence of locally appropriate strategies even within the same district. Villages experience disparities, ranging from access to resources to varying socio-economic and environmental conditions. Vulnerability is also not simply restricted to change in climatic conditions – certain populations are more vulnerable than others, on the bases of gender, caste or class, thus making climate change itself an axis of marginalisation. My studies conclude by insisting on the development and adoption of interdisciplinary, culturally sensitive, multi-scalar approaches to further understand the vulnerability of agricultural communities to climate change, strategies adopted to combat it and the barriers to such adaptability in rural northern India.
The Natural Enemies ofBrachycolus asparagi1in New Jersey and Delaware2

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article The Natural Enemies of Brachycolus asparagi in New Jersey and Delaware Get access George W. Angalet, George W. Angalet Beneficial Insects Research Laboratory Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Newark, DE 19713 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nancy A. Stevens Nancy A. Stevens Beneficial Insects Research Laboratory Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Newark, DE 19713 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Environmental Entomology, Volume 6, Issue 1, 1 February 1977, Pages 97–100, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/6.1.97 Published: 01 February 1977
E-work and IT for developing rural areas in Hungary

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Information Technologies (IT) are a powerful driver for economy-wide productivity, growth \nand jobs – and are arguably Europe’s best-bet investment for the future. They give great \npotential to transform the way in which we work, live and interact. The digital convergence of \nmedia and information services, networks and devices provide unique opportunities: for \nfirms, to modernize their business processes and deliver a wide range of services; for \nconsumers, for individuals to find and do remote e-work. The ratio of teleworkers compared \nto all employees is estimated to reach around 5% in Hungary today. The main objectives of \nthe New Hungary Development Plan being the successor of NFT. Being part of the plan \npackage, the Operative Program for the Development of the Economy significantly focuses \non the support of the utilisation of ICT technologies and applications. This and the Hungarian \nRural Development Starategy will support the exploitation of teleworking opportunities, \nthereby contributing to the employment of the disabled, persons with changed working \ncapabilities and women.
Engineering Control of Complement Inhibition at the Cell Surface

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The role of complement regulation at the cell surface is reviewed and the desirability of being able to design exogenous therapeutic agents that function in this way is considered. An analysis of naturally occurring membrane proteins suggested that one particular type of membrane-localization mechanism (the myristoyl-electrostatic peptide switch) could be mimicked by minimization of the key molecular features involved and incorporation into relatively simple synthetic protein modification agents that could be attached to soluble proteins with retention of water solubility. This approach amounts to reconstruction of a membrane protein by substitution of the natural anchor by a more chemically tractable structure. It allows solution of a number of practical problems associated with production of recombinant membrane-interactive proteins and has permitted the development of one such protein (APT070, Mirococept) as a pharmaceutical agent. The membrane-binding properties of APT070 make it not only a potent regulator of complement activation but also permit it to be used in experimental and therapeutic situations where conventional soluble biopharmaceuticals are of limited use. Two such clinical applications of APT070 and the scope for application of other complement regulators such as CD59 in these reconstructed forms are also outlined.
CURRENT CONCEPTS IN COMPUTER-AIDED DETECTION FOR CT COLONOGRAPHY

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Computer-aided detection (CAD) for CT colonography has been under development for about eight years. It is now sufficiently accurate that clinically significant polyps 1 cm and larger can be reliably detected with 90% sensitivity. The research focus is now shifting to improving sensitivity for detection of smaller polyps, reducing the number of false positive detections, integrating CAD into clinical practice and applying CAD to the setting of fecal tagging and laxative-free bowel preparations. This is a dynamic research field which requires the use of state-of-the-art image processing and machine learning techniques
Biocompatible Microelectromechanical Sensor Array for Orthopaedic Use

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

3 INTRODUCTION 3 History of Instrumented Implant Designs 4 SENIOR DESIGN PROJECT 5 BACKGROUND 6 Sensors: Currently Marketed 6 Parylene 7 Properties of Parylene [29] 8 Parylene Deposition Technique 9 Uses for Parylene 10 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 11 Initial Wafer Investigation 12 Array Design 12 Initial Fabrication Process 13 Figure 12. Overexposure and overdevelopment of the wafer 16 Recommended Further Experiments 16 Array Design Adjustment 17 CONCLUSION 20 REFERENCES 21
A new rule-based algorithm for identifying metabolic markers in prostate cancer using tandem mass spectrometry

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Motivation: Prostate cancer is the most prevalent tumor in males and its incidence is expected to increase as the population ages. Prostate cancer is treatable by excision if detected at an early enough stage. The challenges of early diagnosis require the discovery of novel biomarkers and tools for prostate cancer management. Results: We developed a novel feature selection algorithm termed as associative voting (AV) for identifying biomarker candidates in prostate cancer data measured via targeted metabolite profiling MS/MS analysis. We benchmarked our algorithm against two standard entropy-based and correlation-based feature selection methods [Information Gain (IG) and ReliefF (RF)] and observed that, on a variety of classification tasks in prostate cancer diagnosis, our algorithm identified subsets of biomarker candidates that are both smaller and show higher discriminatory power than the subsets identified by IG and RF. A literature study confirms that the highest ranked biomarker candidates identified by AV have independently been identified as important factors in prostate cancer development. Availability: The algorithm can be downloaded from the following http://biomed.umit.at/page.cfm?pageid=516 Contact: melanie.osl@umit.at
National Religion and the Prayer Book Controversy, 1927-1928

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This is the first full length examination of a defining moment in the history of the Church of England in the twentieth century: the Prayer Book controversy of 1927-28. It argues that conceptions of national religion were influential in the debates surrounding liturgical revision, showing in particular how ideas of Protestant national identity clashed with both liberal Anglican and moderate Anglo-Catholic conceptions of Church and nation. It shows how the Church of England retained a significant position in national life in the interwar period; however, it also argues that the resilience of the anti-Catholic mindset amongst many Anglicans and Free Churchmen meant that the exact nature of the relationship between religion and nation was hotly contested. This study sets the Prayer Book controversy in the context of early twentieth century British religious history, providing important insights into the history of Anglicanism, Nonconformity and ideas of English and British identity during the period. JOHN G. MAIDEN is a Research Assistant at the Department of Religious Studies, The Open University.
MINI-REVIEW Effects of calorie restriction on life span of microorganisms

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

as budding and fission yeasts has a robust and welldocumented impact on longevity. In order to efficiently utilize the limited energy during CR, these organisms shift from primarily fermentative metabolism to mitochondrial respiration. Respiration activates certain conserved longevity factors such as sirtuins and is associated with widespread physiological changes that contribute to increased survival. However, the importance of respiration during CR-mediated longevity has remained controversial. The emergence of several novel metabolically distinct microbial models for longevity has enabled CR to be studied from new perspectives. The majority of CR and life span studies have been conducted in the primarily fermentative Crabtree-positive yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, but studies in primarily respiratory Crabtree-negative yeast and obligate aerobes can offer complementary insight into the more complex mammalian response to CR. Not only are microorganisms helping characterize a conserved cellular mechanism for CR-mediated longevity, but they can also directly impact mammalian metabolism as part of the natural gut flora. Here, we discuss the contributions of microorganisms to our knowledge of CR and longevity at the level of both the cell and the organism.
Identification of multiple breast cancers of multicentric origin by histological observations and distribution of allele loss on chromosome 16q.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Breast cancer is often detected as multiple lesions clinically and/or histopathologically. To examine if the origin of such lesions can be identified objectively by comparison of their loss of heterozygosity (LOH) patterns, LOH on chromosome 16q was analyzed in a total of 60 cases of multiple breast cancer by Southern blot analysis. Based on continuity among tumors and satellite nodule features, 30 cases of unilateral multiple cancer were classified morphologically into 3 groups: A, multicentric origin (11 cases); B, multifocal invasion of one intraductal carcinoma (15 cases); and C, intramammary metastases (4 cases). As controls, group D, synchronously bilateral breast cancers (11 cases), and group E, sets of a primary tumor and a lymph node metastasis (19 cases), were also examined. On a highly probable assumption that LOH on 16q occurs randomly in 50% of breast cancer cases at an early stage, the number of cases showing a concordant LOH pattern on 16q among tumors was compared between observed data, and the value was estimated from a normal distribution model in each group. In groups A and D, the allele pattern on 16q among tumors was concordant in 5 of 11 cases each, thus supporting their independent occurrence and multicentric origin, whereas the LOH pattern among tumors was identical in all of the cases in groups B, C, and E, thus supporting their monocentric origin. This comparison of the LOH pattern in multiple breast cancer was shown to yield results compatible with the morphological classification and was suggested to be of diagnostic value.
Doris Day Confidential

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Doris Day was a major star during the 1950s and 60s. Even now, many years after her final film and years since her last regular television appearances, the star's name retains currency: she is often invoked as shorthand for a kind of sexuality now felt outmoded, with virginity firmly maintained until marriage. Although this assumption is widespread, close attention to the facts of Day's own life challenges it, and the majority of her film roles also prove otherwise, with Day most frequently portraying a woman of maturely sexual desires. Redressing a surprisingly meagre body of work on Doris Day, this book investigates why the rigid view of Day's maintained virginity should have arisen and become so fixed to the star, even now. Taking a twofold approach, Tamar Jeffers McDonald both closely examines Day's film roles and performances and explores material from other popular media for the source of the virgin myth. Day featured continuously in public discourse, and media stories were often devoted to her personal life: it was widely known that she had been married three times and had a son.
Incidence of Paresthesia Related to the Insertion Length of Catheter during the Epidural Catheterization

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Continuous epidural catheterization is a popular and effective procedure for postoperative analgesia. However, continuous epidural catheterization has associated complications such as venous puncture, dural puncture, subarachnoid cannulation, suboptimal catheter placement, and paresthesia because the tip of the epidural catheter touches thenerves of the dura in the epidural space. In this study, we compared the incidence of paresthesia in two different lengths of epidural catheter insertion. Methods: One hundred women undergoing gynecologic or orthopedic surgery were enrolled in this prospective, double-blinded, randomized study. All patients were randomly divided into two groups based on the insertion length of the epidural catheter 2 cm (group A) or 4 cm (group B). A Tuohy needle was inserted in the lumbarspinal region with a bevel directed cephalad by use of the median approach, and then the epidural space was confirmed by the loss of resistance technique with air. While the practitioner inserted an epidural catheter into the epidural space, a blind observer checked for paresthesia or withdrawal movement. Results: In 97 included patients, 30.6% of the patients in group A (n = 49) had paresthesia, versus 31.3% in group B (n = 48). Withdrawal movements were represented in 2% and 6% of the patients in group A and group B, respectively. There was no difference in the incidence of paresthesia and withdrawal movement between the two groups. Conclusions: There is no clear relationship for the incidence of catheter-related paresthesia according to the catheter length inserted into the epidural space for epidural analgesia.(Korean J Pain 2007; 20: 50-53)
Pertussis Vaccination for Adults: An Updated Guide for Clinicians

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pertussis, or whooping cough, is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Bordetella pertussis. Although traditionally associated with children, pertussis is increasingly prevalent among adults, particularly those with comorbidities or weakened immune systems, where it can lead to severe complications. Diagnosing pertussis in adults can be challenging due to its nonspecific symptoms, underreporting, and the limited sensitivity of available diagnostic tests. While treatment with macrolides is generally effective, it may not significantly alter the clinical course of the disease, and growing concerns about macrolide resistance are emerging. Vaccination remains the cornerstone of prevention, offering proven immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety. However, vaccination uptake remains low, partly due to limited patient awareness and insufficient prioritization by healthcare professionals. This review aims to provide clinicians with critical insights into pertussis epidemiology, vaccination strategies, and the latest guideline recommendations, empowering them to engage in meaningful discussions with adult patients and advocate for increased vaccination to combat this often-overlooked infection.
Understanding the Political Skills and Behaviours for Leading the Implementation of Health Services Change: A Qualitative Interview Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background: The implementation of change in health and care services is often complicated by organisational micro-politics. There are calls for those leading change to develop and utilise political skills and behaviours to understand and mediate such politics, but to date only limited research offers a developed empirical conceptualisation of the political skills and behaviours for leading health services change. Methods: A qualitative interview study was undertaken with 66 healthcare leaders from the English National Health Service (NHS). Participants were sampled on the basis of their variable involvement in leading change processes, taking into account anticipated differences in career stage, leadership level and role, care sector, and professional backgrounds. Interpretative data analysis led to the development of five themes. Results: Participants’ accounts highlighted five overarching sets of political skills and behaviours: personal and inter-personal qualities relating to self-belief, resilience and the ability to adapt to different audiences; strategic thinking relating to the ability to understand the wider and local political landscape from which to develop realistic plans for change; communication skills for engaging and influencing stakeholders, especially for understanding and mediating stakeholders’ competing interests; networks and networking in terms of access to resources, and building connections between stakeholders; and relational tactics for dealing with difficult individuals through more direct forms of negotiation and persuasion. Conclusion: The study offers further empirical insight the existing literature on healthcare organisational politics by describing and conceptualising the political skills and behaviours of implementing health services change.
Aktivitas Antioksidan Buah Kopi Hijau Merapi

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Coffee favored because it has flavor, distinctive aroma, and contain bioactive components that can act as an antioxidant. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of extracts and fractions of green coffee cherries of Merapi. Green coffee cherries macerated with chloroform further partitioned with 80% methanol solvent. Measurement of antioxidant activity using DPPH spectrophotometric method. The results showed the chloroform extract has antioxidant activity 2.21 mg / mL, the methanol soluble 1.88 mg / mL, the residue was 3.66 mg / mL, and vitamin C 2.38 ug / mL.
DEVELOPING INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN BUSINESS ENGLISH TEACHING

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The modern world is characterized by the intensive development of commercial relations, cultural diversity, and international communication. In the process of international business interaction, the elimination of language barriers and consideration of intercultural communication features become essential. Today, English serves as the primary means of international business communication, highlighting the need for appropriate language training to ensure successful interaction. Furthermore, acquiring interpersonal communication skills in English is of great importance for establishing effective relationships in global business contexts. This article explores the conditions for effective intercultural business communication, the specific features of using international business English, methods for preventing communication failures, and ways to improve both verbal and non-verbal communication while addressing communicative errors.