jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study of Perfobond Rib Shear Connector under Lateral Force

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A series of full-scale pushed out tests were performed on the Perfobond rib shear connector. The tests were designed to examine the performance of the Perfobond rib shear connector under different rib hole sizes and shapes, reinforcing bar sizes, rib thicknesses, as well as the presence of lateral forces. It has been revealed from the test results that the rib hole size and reinforcement diameter may not act independently, and the influence of one’s size is actually dependent on the size of the other one. The lateral forces also affect the performance of the shear connector; for example, the capacity of the shear connector would be larger under compression than under tension. The existence of transverse pretension stress accelerated the cracking of concrete, leading to the strength and stiffness of concrete, perforated plate, and reinforcing rebars unable to fully exert their effect. In addition, the constraint effect of transverse stress improved the strength and stiffness of concrete and delayed the concrete cracking, bringing the strength and stiffness of concrete, perforated plate, and reinforcing rebars into full play, and resulting in a significant improvement in the shear capacity of Perfobond rib shear connectors.
INTRA- AND INTER-RATER RELIABILITY OF A BIOPHOTOGRAMMETRIC ASSESSMENT PROTOCOL FOR PRETERM INFANTS

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objective: To measure the intra- and inter-rater reliability of a biophotogrammetric assessment protocol for thoracoabdominal motion in preterm infants. Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study. Footage of 40 preterm infants was made in two views (lateral and anterior). The babies were placed in the supine position, with retroverted pelvis and semiflexed knees. Acrylic markers were positioned on surgical tape in eight predetermined anatomical points. We analyzed 4 variables in lateral view and 11 in anterior view (angular and linear) (ImageJ®), divided into two stages: 1. same frames - three blinded evaluators analyzed frames previously selected by the main researcher (inter-rater analysis 1), reviewing these same frames after 15 days (intra-rater analysis 1); 2. different frames - each evaluator selected the frames from the original video and repeated the protocol (inter-rater analysis 2), with a review after 15 days (intra-rater analysis 2). In stage 2, we tested the reliability of the entire process, from image selection to the analysis of variables. Data agreement and reproducibility were obtained by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: Agreement was high, particularly in angular variables (ICC 0.82 to 0.99). Linear variables ranged between very good and excellent in analysis 1 (same frames: ICC 0.64 to 0.99) and analysis 2 (different frames: ICC 0.44 to 0.89). Conclusions: The present study suggests that the proposed protocol for the thoracoabdominal motion analysis of preterm neonates has high reliability.
Expression of biologically active recombinant rat IgE-binding protein in Escherichia coli.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

IgE-binding protein (epsilon BP) is a protein which has affinity for IgE and was originally identified in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells. Subsequently, it was found to be the rat homolog of CBP35, a murine beta-galactoside-specific lectin. This protein is also designated as L-34 and RL-29 and studied independently by several laboratories. More recently, CBP35 (epsilon BP) was found to be equivalent to Mac-2, a surface marker on activated macrophages. Using rat epsilon BP cDNA, we have succeeded in expressing recombinant epsilon BP in Escherichia coli. Milligram quantities of homogeneous epsilon BP could be obtained from bacterial lysate in a one-step affinity purification procedure utilizing lactosyl-Sepharose 4B and elution with a lactose gradient. The recombinant epsilon BP (r epsilon BP) binds mouse IgE and retains reactivity to anti-peptide antibodies specific for a sequence within rat epsilon BP. The purified r epsilon BP exhibits binding activity to various saccharides, with affinity for N-acetyllactosamine greater than thiodigalactoside greater than lactose much greater than D-galactose greater than L-arabinose, an order identical to that exhibited by native epsilon BP isolated from RBL cells. The recombinant lectin displayed hemagglutination activity when tested with rabbit erythrocytes. Although epsilon BP shares sequence homology to other lectins containing S-type (thiol-dependent) carbohydrate-recognition domains, r epsilon BP is resistant to air oxidation and does not require reducing agents for maintaining its activity. Furthermore, the single cysteine residue appears to be unexposed and can be alkylated only when the protein is denatured in 5.6 M guanidinium hydrochloride. The availability of a source for a large quantity of epsilon BP should facilitate the analysis of biological function(s) and structure-activity relationships of this lectin.
Development of a Gas Analysis Method Using Membrane Inlet Mass

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Dissolved gas content in groundwater is an important factor, which has to be known and taken into account in safety assessment investigations. Posiva has studied the dissolved gas content in deep groundwater at Olkiluoto since 1991. In 2002 Posiva started a new project with the primary aim of developing mass spectrometric methods for measuring the dissolved gas content in groundwater. The development of a method for dissolved gases is divided into two parts: 1) an analysis method for gases in the gas phase by direct inlet mass spectrometry and 2) an analysis method for gases in the water phase by membrane inlet mass spectrometry. This report describes the development of the membrane inlet mass spectrometry method for dissolved gases. The first step of the work was to develop a method for transferring a sample into the mass spectrometer. After this step, the development of a standard solution preparation became the focus of the development work. Standard solutions were used for calibrating the equipment. A method for the membrane inlet mass spectrometer analysis of dissolved gases was developed and tested in this work. The
Spectral Equivalence of Solvable Lie Algebras with Nilradical I: General and Heisenberg Cases

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Building on the work of Yang, Key, and Muller, we investigate the spectral theory of solvable Lie algebras through their characteristic polynomials and associated spectral invariants. We begin by studying the general case: we compare two notions of spectral equivalence, establish the first known lower bound for the spectral invariant $k(L)$ via the weight decomposition of the nilradical, and introduce a new notion of spectral rigidity to study spectral equivalence within parameterized families. Then, we apply this framework to the classification of solvable Lie algebras with Heisenberg nilradical by Rubin and Winternitz, as we compute $k(L)$ and characteristic polynomials for all low-dimensional solvable extensions, construct the first explicit examples of spectrally equivalent yet non-isomorphic non-nilpotent solvable Lie algebras, derive two upper bounds for $k(L)$, and conclude by applying our rigidity criterion to these families.
3-Nitropropionic Acid and Similar Nitrotoxins

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

3-Nitropropionic acid as well as 3-nitro-1-propanol and its β-D-glucopyranoside (miserotoxin) are the plant and fungal toxins reported to interrupt mitochondrial electron transport resulting in cellular energy deficit. These nitrotoxins induce neurological degeneration in ruminants and humans. 3-Nitropropionic acid-intoxicated rats serve as the animal model for Huntington’s disease.
Amoxycillin in treatment of typhoid fever in patients with haematological contraindications to chloramphenicol.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Thirty adults with proved typhoid fever were treated with amoxycillin 1 g six-hourly by mouth for an average of 14 days because of haematological contraindications to chloramphenicol. Eighteen patients were Egyptian men with the Mediterranean variety of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and an enzyme activity in the red cells fanging from 0 to 3%, and 12 patients had a history of severe but reversible myelosuppression after eight to 12 days' treatment with chloramphenicol 1-5-2 g daily. The clinical and bacteriological responses in this group of patients were compared with those of 30 haematologically normal patients of comparable age and sex treated with chloramphenicol. The results showed that amoxycillin is an effective alternative to chloramphenicol for treating typhoid fever in patients with haematological contraindications to chloramphenicol.
Scientific basis of dietary inflammatory index (DII): A dietary tool to metabolic syndrome risk

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Aims: The dietary inflammatory index (DII) is a tool that quantifies the inflammatory potential of an individual's diet, offering a scientific basis for personalized nutrition. The DII scores of foods and nutrients are based on their pro- or anti-inflammatory potential. DII is associated with metabolic diseases and health status but the results are inconsistent. Therefore this review was conducted to highlight the scientific basis of DII and its association with metabolic diseases. Methods: We conducted independent literature research for this review between January 2006 and January 2025 utilizing scholarly databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Results: This review highlights the scientific basis of DII, focusing on its ability to capture the complex interactions between dietary patterns and health outcomes in various inflammatory and metabolic diseases. Moreover, the current review discusses the modification and interpretation of multiple types of DII over time. By calculating an individual's DII score, healthcare professionals can identify pro-inflammatory dietary patterns that may exacerbate chronic diseases with an inflammatory predisposing background, such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. This review also highlight the association of DII score with various inflammation-associated diseases and strengthen nutrition guidelines to promote anti-inflammatory dietary patterns. Conclusion: The DII offers a valuable tool for healthcare professionals to integrate nutrition into patient care, promoting a more comprehensive disease prevention approach. Further research and validation will continue to refine and optimize the DII, enhancing its potential to transform the practices of clinical nutrition and improve patient outcomes.
Vloga vitamina D v preventivi osteoporoze : diplomsko delo

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Uvod: Vitamin D je poznan kot hranilo in hormon; je v mascobi topen vitamin, ki skrbi za razvoj imunskega sistema in kosti. V zadnjem casu se veliko poroca o pomanjkanju vitamina D, kar predstavlja velik javnozdravstveni problem. Zmanjsan nos vitamina D vpliva na vecjo pojavnost srcno-žilnih bolezni, rakavih obolenj, avtoimunskih bolezni in drugih. Poleg nastetega pa je hipovitaminoza D povezana tudi s pojavnostjo osteoporoze, ki je sistemska kostna bolezen, za katero je znacilna nižja kostna gostota. Namen: S tem pregledom literature smo želeli predstaviti vitamin D in njegovo delovanje. Želeli smo predstaviti osteoporozo in pojasniti, kaksen je vpliv vitamina D na pojavnost osteoporoze. Metode dela: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo dela. Narejen je pregled slovenske in tuje literature. Uporabljena literatura se navezuje na vitamin D, osteoporozo in na njuno povezavo. Uporabljena literatura je bila objavljena med letoma 2007 in 2019. Iskana je bila v podatkovnih bazah PubMed in Science Direct. Nekaj virov je tudi iz digitalne knjižnice Univerze v Ljubljani. Razprava in zakljucek: Vitamin D izboljsa imunski sistem, vpliva na pocutje in pojavnost srcno-žilnih bolezni, rakavih obolenj, avtoimunskih bolezni, osteoporoze in drugih. Pojavnost osteoporoze je povezana s hipovitaminozo D. Bolniki z osteoporozo bi morali imeti najmanj 20 ng/ml oziroma 50 nmol/l 25(OH)D za doseganje optimalnega zdravja kosti. Z doseganjem normalnih vrednosti vitamina D bi pri starejsem prebivalstvu dosegli boljso kakovost življenja, manj padcev in poskodb. Normalne vrednosti vitamina D pa bi lahko zmanjsale tudi negativne simptome nekaterih bolezni, predvsem avtoimunskih.
Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urethra in Men Following Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer: Multivariate Analysis for Risk Factors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Multicentric development of transitional cell carcinoma in the urinary tract is well recognized. Of 169 male patients who underwent cystectomy for bladder cancer 18 (10.6%) demonstrated urethral cancer (all within 5 years after cystectomy). The risk factors involved in transitional cell carcinoma in regard to the occurrence of urethral cancer after cystectomy were examined by multivariate analysis. Characteristic patterns of bladder cancer in the cystectomy specimens were expressed by the grade, stage, number, size, location and gross pattern of the tumors. Significant risk factors in bladder cancer relating to the development of cancer in the retained urethra were papillary cancer, multiple cancers, and tumors in the bladder neck, prostatic urethra and prostatic gland. Among 19 patients with concomitant carcinoma in situ and/or multiple papillary tumors in the bladder who underwent simultaneous prophylactic urethrectomy with cystectomy in the same observed period 17 (89%) had no lesion in the resected urethra. The results of the multivariate analysis will be useful to avoid unnecessary prophylactic urethrectomy at cystectomy. However, further analysis and consideration of possible mechanisms of the secondary urethral cancer will be necessary to explain the discrepancy posed in the latter study involving 19 patients.
Achiderbe obrienae Emeljanov et Shcherbakov 2020, sp.n.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Achiderbe obrienae Emeljanov et Shcherbakov, sp.n. Figs 21–24, 28. MATERIAL. Holotype PIN 5608 /126, ♂, most of head and dorsal part of thorax eaten by some arthropod scavenger, distal parts of hind legs polished away; syninclusions: 2 Empidoidea — Burmese amber, Hukawng Valley, Kachin State, Myanmar; mid-Cretaceous (probably Albian–Cenomanian). DESCRIPTION. Tegmen 3.9 mm long, elongate, 2.8:1, fuscous with pale: irregular transverse bands proximally, crossveins and vein apices distally; stigmal cell pale at nodus, distally of same shade of brown as adjacent cells. Anterior margin shallowly convex near base and at nodus, almost straight between; apical margin obliquely rounded. Costal vein thickened near base, turning flat, slender distad of ScR+M stalk; C and ambient vein with sensory pits, better developed at base, traceable up to apex of tegmen. ScR fork much distad of, and CuA fork distad of, union of claval veins. Nodal r-m level with nodal m-cu. MA fork about halfway from nodal r-m to 2rm. Medial cell long and broad, much larger than cell distal to it or cell anterodistal to it. Clavus truncate at apex, without crossvein. Hind wing ca. 2.9 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, not large, 0.75 as long as tegmen, and narrow, 2.4:1, apex considerably not reaching apex of tegmen in repose; membrane fuscous, veins brown. Costal margin biconvex, coupling lobe in concavity beyond wing midlength. ScRA apex proximad of level of M fork. M fork twice as long as CuA1 fork. Body 3.6 mm long; body and appendages various shades of brown. Anterodorsal part of head not preserved. Scape elongate, obliquely produced anterodorsally, pedicel thrice longer than scape, paddle-shaped, flattened, scape + pedicel about as long as clypeus. Pedicel covered with cuticular denticles, with many plaque organs. Subantennal ridge absent. Postclypeus strongly narrowed towards unicarinate, laterally flattened anteclypeus. Rostrum reaching hind coxae, apical segment dark, about 4 times as long as wide. Pronotum not preserved. Mesonotum with lateral discal carinae strong, subparallel, median carina well-developed. Legs rather short and stout, tibiae tetrahedral, somewhat flattened, hind tibiae without lateral teeth in proximal half (their distal half and hind tarsi not preserved), claws strong. Abdomen slightly inflated, laterotergites rectangular. Male genital block rather small; pygofer ventrally sinuate with median depression between two oblique carinae; anal tube rather long, with posterolateral lobes; styles short and broad, their apices bent mediad. ETYMOLOGY. Named in honour of Dr Lois B. O’Brien, a worldwide known entomologist, specialist on Fulgoroidea.
Measurement of a College Computer Literacy Course

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

A college graduate has to be computer literate in order to gain competitive edge in today’s business world since information technology, ranging from the basic word processing software to the complex data base management systems, is used constantly to prepare, present, and exchange information for management decision making. Consequently, it is the responsibility of the education institution to offer a computer literacy class or series of classes for preparing its students with proper computer knowledge in a suitable learning environment before they enter the business world. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to discuss and present some issues of the college computer literacy classes offered by the Management Information Science Department (MIS) of College of Business Administration (CBA) at the California State University, Sacramento. These issues include the objectives of the classes, the contents of the classes, the classroom environment, and the measurement of class objectives.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
The Implementation of English Teaching Learning Process For Young Learnes In TK Harapan, Semampir Distric, Surabaya, Academic Year 2021/2022

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study was to describe the implementation of English learning in TK Harapan. This study applied the qualitative approach in form of a descriptive research. The data source was teacher, documents (weekly plan program, daily lesson plan, instruments for assessment, the students’ works, photos and videos. The data collection was conducted by interview, documentation, and observation. The data validity was conducted by applying the source and technique triangulations. The technique of data analysis was conducted by data reduction, data display, and verification. The result showed media used was flashcard, LCD, projector, and English textbook for Kindergarten.The methods of English teaching learning process applied were TPR (Total Physical Response), song, and game. The learning implementation was applied through composing the daily lesson plan which including five procedures namely before coming into class, opening activity, apperception activity, opening activity, main activity, and closing activity. The assessment was conducted by observation, check-list, and portfolio. The English learning for young learners was focussed on listening and speaking skills. Based on the data in this study, it could be assumed that the English teaching learning process in TK Harapan had worked well and it was able to develop the English ability of young learners.
ELEKTRONİK ÖDEMELERİN ENFLASYON DİNAMİKLERİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ROLÜ

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The technological progress is transforming economy, trade and also their determinants and dynamics. Technological developments have serious effects on payment services, especially in the last 20 years. The world has been in a low inflation period compared with the previous periods. In this context, this study investigates the relationship between electronic payments and inflation dynamics in Turkey. A single equation model with the electronic payments variables is applied with quarterly data between 2005:3 – 2016:3. In the equation, the total number and total volume of transactions in the electronic fund transfer system are used as proxies for the real economy and monetary policy actions. The estimation results show that both the volume and number of transactions have effects on inflation dynamics.
Studying on the thermal performance of coke according to coking it under the different conditions of bluk denstiny

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Select four kinds of coking coal and Shenmu long flame coal as experimental materials,which are widely used in steel factory of Anshan.Coke every kind of coal and blending coal by using two-kilogram coke oven under the condition of three different bulk density respectively.Test the reaction of coke(CRI) and coke strength after reaction(CSR) of the product which got according to GB1997-89,in order to find the rule that how bulk density affect the thermal performance of coking coal and the thermal performance of Shenmu long flame coal in stamping coking,the result shows that,as the increase of the bulk density of the coal,the CRI of them are reduce,but the CSR of them are increase.When adding the long flame coal into the coal,with the number of the long flame's increase,the CRI will increase,but the CSR will reduce.In coking,the bad affection of CRI and CSR which come from low-rank coal by increasing bulk density can reduce.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Reduction of Carboxylic Acids via O‐Acylisoureas.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.