jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Proof of Death

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Chapter 5 examines the tensions between obscenity, dignity, and evidence in the context of contemporary humanitarianism and humanitarian intervention. It explores images of torture victims in Syria, which acted as evidence of the atrocities of the al-Assad regime. These images illustrate how obscene photographs must justify themselves as sufficiently obscene to be seen, reinforcing the taboo in its rupture, as a means to spur humanitarian awareness about an atrocity. This is contextualized in the wider context of atrocity images, and the chapter takes up the published photographs of Aylan Kurdi as a shadow case to tease out the dynamics of the functioning of the obscenity norm. The chapter also explores the use of bodies as “proof of death” and the dilemmas this raises about the ambiguous evidentiary value of dead body images. The chapter examines the various ways death images and dead bodies themselves act as evidence, raising questions about how and when the dead are too obscene to be viewed, and when they are situated within a logic about what must be viewed.
Supplementary Table S4 from Comprehensive Target Engagement by the EZH2 Inhibitor Tulmimetostat Allows for Targeting of <i>ARID1A</i> Mutant Cancers

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>Summary of PK data for EZH2 inhibitors used in KARPAS-422 and HT1376 xeograft mmouse models</p>
Growth and Clinical Impact of Subsolid Lung Nodules ≥6 mm During Long-Term Follow-Up After Five Years of Stability

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

During a long-term follow-up of pulmonary SSNs ≥6 mm after 5-years of stability, a low incidence of growth without occurrence of metastasis was noted. CT scans every five years after the initial 5-year stability period may be reasonable.
Die Normativität des Krankheitsbegriffs: Zur Genese und Geltung von Kriterien der Krankhaftigkeit

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Zusammenfassung The question whether the concept of disease is descriptive or normative, is controversial in philosophical debates. A philosophical investigation of medical pathology concerning this question has hitherto been lacking. This paper is based on the reconstruction of general medical pathology as outlined in earlier work of this author. Key concepts of medical pathology are: disease entity, pathologicity, disease criterion, disease value, medical indication. The criteria of pathologicity and the general pathology are briefly sketched. It is shown that these conceptions constitute a dimension of objective value that is rooted in the psychosomatic human nature but is compatible with additional, superposed subjective or sociocultural values concerning disease. The concept and procedure of medical indication constitute the bridge between objective disease values and subjective values or norms. In deciding whether treatment is needed and demanded, the values of the ill subject are decisive. Thus, the controversy between naturalists and normativist may be transformed into a coalition.
A Catalogue of Chinese Fishes XII —— Blennioidei, Callionymoidei,Gobiesocoidei, Gobioidei, Schindlerioidei,Acanthuroidei, Trichiuroidei,Scombroidei, Thunnioidei, Stromateoidei, Anabantoidei and Mastacembeloidei

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This paper deals with the systematic classification of Chinese fishes in Blennioidei,Callionymoidei, Gobesocoidei, Gobioidei, Schindlerioidei, Acanthurvidei, Trichiuroidei,Scombroidei, Thunnioidei, Stromateoidei, Anabantoidei and Mastacembeloidei. There are 19 suborders, 104 families, 535 genuses and 1799 species in perciformes.
The Sīrah literature

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Sīrah literature (biography of the Prophet), inspired as it was by the imposing personality of the Prophet and bearing the marks of the stormy political events of the conquests, of the social changes in the Muslim community and of the struggle of the different factions, came into being in the period following the death of the Prophet. It developed in the first half of the first century of the hijrah, and by the end of that century the first full-length literary compilations were produced. The development of Sīrah literature is closely linked with the transmission of the Ḥadīth and should be viewed in connection with it. Most of the reports about utterances and orders of the Prophet were, during his lifetime, transmitted orally, and few of them seem to have been written down. Although some accounts about the recording of the utterances, deeds and orders dictated by the Prophet to his Companions are dubious and debatable1 and should be examined with caution (and ultimately rejected), some of them seem to deserve trust. The pacts which the Prophet concluded with the different groupings in Medina after his arrival in that city were apparently written down so as to serve as the legal basis for their communal life. His letters to rulers, governors and chiefs of tribes are recorded in some of the compilations of the Sīrah. The Sīrah also contains accounts of pacts concluded between the Prophet and conquered tribes or localities and of grants bestowed upon tribal leaders.
EFFECT OF SOLID DEPOSITION ON GEOTHERMAL UTILIZATION AND METHODS OF CONTROL

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Solid deposition presents a significant constraint in the design and operation of geothermal fields and power plant equipment. To improve the efficiency of geothermal utilization and to have reliable plant operation, solid deposition must be controlled or avoided. The objective of geothermal exploitation is to maintain a continuous supply of geothermal fluid to the power plant. Scaling problems can adversely affect that, but fortunately countermeasures are available, as will be described in this report. The intent is to show what effect solid deposition has on production wells and power plant operations and to indicate the possible location of solid depositions. Describing commonly applied methods of control is one of the objectives. Two case histories illustrating the effects of solid deposition are included, from Svartsengi geothermal power plant in Iceland and from Aluto-Langano geothermal power plant in Ethiopia, where there are actual influences of solid deposition on well flow and turbine output.
Study on the surface structure and the mechanism of the co-template-synthesized mesoporous molecular sieve SBA-15

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Novel mesoporous molecular sieve SBA-15 is synthesized from co-template of P123 and Tritonx-100,and characterized by N2 adsorption,TEM and XRD.The surface area reaches 600 m2/g,the total pore volume is above 1 mL/g,and the average diameters of pores is 7 nm to 8 nm.The distribution of pore diameters is narrow,the pore shows organized systematically,and the crystallinity is high.Compared with the sample synthesized by P123 only,the result shows that the assistant template Tritonx-100 can improve the distribution of pore diameters and the arrangement of pores,and the best template mixture ratio is n(Tritonx)∶n(P123)= 4∶1 through the experimentation.
Art and Identity in Scotland: A Cultural History from the Jacobite Rising of 1745 to Walter Scott

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This lively and erudite cultural history of Scotland, from the Jacobite defeat of 1745 to the death of an icon, Sir Walter Scott, in 1832, examines how Scottish identity was experienced and represented in novel ways. Weaving together previously unpublished archival materials, visual and material culture, dress and textile history, Viccy Coltman re-evaluates the standard clichés and essentialist interpretations which still inhibit Scottish cultural history during this period of British and imperial expansion. The book incorporates familiar landmarks in Scottish history, such as the visit of George IV to Edinburgh in August 1822, with microhistories of individuals, including George Steuart, a London-based architect, and the East India Company servant, Claud Alexander. It thus highlights recurrent themes within a range of historical disciplines, and by confronting the broader questions of Scotland's relations with the rest of the British state it makes a necessary contribution to contemporary concerns
Disinhibition enables vocal repertoire expansion after a critical period

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The efficiency of motor skill acquisition is age-dependent, making it increasingly challenging to learn complex manoeuvres later in life. Zebra finches, for instance, acquire a complex vocal motor programme during a developmental critical period after which the learned song is essentially impervious to modification. Although inhibitory interneurons are implicated in critical period closure, it is unclear whether manipulating them can reopen heightened motor plasticity windows. Using pharmacology and a cell-type specific optogenetic approach, we manipulated inhibitory neuron activity in a premotor area of adult zebra finches beyond their critical period. When exposed to auditory stimulation in the form of novel songs, manipulated birds added new vocal syllables to their stable song sequence. By lifting inhibition in a premotor area during sensory experience, we reintroduced vocal plasticity, promoting an expansion of the syllable repertoire without compromising pre-existing song production. Our findings provide insights into motor skill learning capacities, offer potential for motor recovery after injury, and suggest avenues for treating neurodevelopmental disorders involving inhibitory dysfunctions.
Liberalising Greek energy market will pick up in 2018

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Significance Most energy market reforms have now been included in national legislation and the Regulatory Authority for Energy has incorporated them into operational regulations. The aim is to improve market flexibility and allow wholesale market participants to benefit from improved cost management. Since January 1, all exclusive supply agreements with the state-owned Public Gas Corporation (DEPA) have been terminated, allowing all natural gas customers to choose their supplier. Impacts Proceeds from the DESFA sale, which is to be concluded in June, will go towards paying down Greek public debt. Greece’s greater integration into European energy networks (electricity and gas) will stimulate domestic energy market reform. Loss of market share will encourage SOEs to expand into related activities and diversify geographically, primarily to the Balkans. However, Greece’s ambitions to become a regional natural gas hub carry the risk of promoting overcapacity.
Towards a grounded theory of computer-assisted assessment uptake in UK universities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Universities are under pressure to justify the time and expense expended by students in obtaining a degree which has stimulated interest in measuring more formally how learning outcomes have been met by students. The 1997 NCHE (Dearing) Report called for improvements in higher education (HE) assessment practice and while assessment is widely regarded as the critical catalyst for student learning it is often in practice relegated to an afterthought. The potential for information and communications technology (ICT) to automate aspects of learning and teaching is widely acknowledged although promised productivity benefits have been slow to appear. Computer-assisted assessment (CAA) is seen by many as one way of meeting these conflicting demands. CAA has considerable potential both to ease the assessment load and to provide innovative and powerful modes of assessment. Moreover, as the use of ICT increases there may be ‘inherent difficulties in teaching and learning online and assessing on paper’. Given the importance of assessment activities in higher education, the level of current interest in CAA and widespread disagreement about how it should be implemented, there is a clear need for rigorous, grounded models of good practice. A national survey of CAA practice was conducted using online tools and interviews with enthusiast and early adopting CAA experts and practitioners throughout the UK which explored the critical factors associated with the uptake and embedding of CAA. A grounded theory analysis of the interview and survey data was carried out and a theory of dual path CAA uptake in universities emerged from which three models of uptake were derived. These were validated against qualitative data obtained from a final set of interviews and by triangulation with survey data from the 2003/4 UK CAA survey. Tutors’ motivations and perceptions of risk influence the way they use CAA and this is significant in credit-bearing applications where non-optimal outcomes have long lasting effects on uptake. Institutions can benefit from using project risk management techniques to manage these risks.
Evaluation of the effects of dietary cinnamaldehyde on growth and nutrient use in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cinnamaldehyde is an active organic compound and an aromatic aldehyde substance found in cinnamon oil. It is a new feed supplement for animals that can improve growth, nutrient digestion and absorption, lipid use, and immunity. The present study evaluated the effects of dietary trans-cinnamaldehyde 98 % (CIN) on nutrient utilization, antioxidant capacity, and growth performance in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Juveniles used was weighing at about 19.77 ± 0.10 g received dietary CIN at different doses (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 g/kg feed). The fish were maintained in a glass aquarium of 95 × 45 × 35 cm3 in size at a stocking density of 20 fish per aquarium and fed three times a day to clear satiation. Dietary carbohydrate digestion and absorption were significantly improved in fish fed 0.75 g/kg CIN, as indicated by increased amylase activity and glucose tolerance test. The latter was subsequently confirmed by increases in relative ir, glut4, hx and gs expression that indicated the increase in glucose absorption led to an increase in glucose utilization as an energy source and the synthesis of glycogen as an energy reserve. Interestingly, dietary CIN supplementation also resulted in the downregulation of fas, which facilitates the conversion of glucose to fatty acids, and the upregulation of cpt1a and hsl, indicating increased fatty acid oxidation for energy. CIN at a range of 0.5–0.75 g/kg improved the antioxidant status in the liver, as illustrated by elevated glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities (both P < 0.05). Final weight, feed consumption, the specific growth rate, feed efficiency, and protein retention increased were significantly in all CIN groups, with the highest values reached in the 0.5 g/kg CIN (all P < 0.05). Based on a polynomial orthogonal analysis of the fish-specific growth rate, the optimum dosage of CIN inclusion is 0.42 g/kg.
A Case of Complete Papillary Muscle Rupture after Blunt Chest Trauma Confirmed by Transesophageal Echocardiography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acute mitral regurgitation associated with rupture of papillary muscle is a rare complication\nof blunt chest trauma. Echocardiographic information is very useful in the diagnosis of papillary\nmuscle rupture, evaluation of left ventricular function and other abnoramlity of heart. The value\nof transthoracic echocardiography in blunt chest trauma is limited because patients with severe\nchest wall injury often have suboptimal echocardiographic fingings. But transesophageal echocardiography\ncan provide high quality images when the transthoracic echocardiographic image quality\nis poor. We report 27 year-old female with papillary muscle rupture after blunt chest trauma in whom\ntransthoracic echocardiography could not provide a prompt diangosis, but definitive evidence of\npapillary muscle rupture was demonstrated by transesophageal echocardiography.\nKEY WORDS：Traumatic papillary muscle rupture·Transesophageal echocardiography.
Pendekatan Object-Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) dalam aplikasi pemesanan pakaian Dennis Collection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Dennis Collection is a clothing company located in East Jakarta that offers a variety of clothing items such as t-shirts, shirts, jackets, dresses, and sleepwear. The company is competitive and able to provide satisfying service to its customers. However, to this day, all sales transaction data and information processing are still recorded manually in notebooks. This research aims to facilitate the sales process, inventory management, and transaction reporting through a web-based clothing ordering system. In the system development stages, the Object-Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) method was used to analyze and design the system using an object-oriented approach. Based on the results of the User Acceptance Testing (UAT), the developed clothing ordering system is considered feasible to be used as an application that supports the management of clothing order data, with an average user score of 97.5%. This study is expected to help provide a solution for Dennis Collection in optimizing the management of sales data and inventory more effectively and cost-efficiently.
Immunoglobulin Production in Man Stimulated by an Orally Administered Bacterial Lysate

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The concentrations of secretory immunoglobulins in the saliva, and of immunoglobulin in the serum, have been measured by the radial immunodiffusion method in 12 healthy volunteers, before and after oral administration of Broncho-Vaxom which is a lysate of bacteria that usually cause infection in the upper respiratory tract. The mean concentration of secretory IgA in the saliva was increased by over 100% after the 10-day administration of the product. This increase was statistically significant between the 20th and 33rd day after the beginning of the treatment (p < 0.05). It fell to a normal level after a month in 4 subjects who received one treatment course only. In 8 subjects who received a second treatment course beginning 1 month after termination of the first course, the high concentration of IgAs in the saliva persisted for at least 3 months. A significant increase in the serum concentrations of IgG of about 50% and of IgM of at least 100% above the initial level was observed in the treated subjects in the time between day 35 and 5 months after the beginning of the experiment (p < 0.05).
In vitro methanol production from methyl coenzyme M using the Methanosarcina barkeri MtaABC protein complex

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Methanol:coenzyme M methyltransferase is an enzyme complex composed of three subunits, MtaA, MtaB, and MtaC, found in methanogenic archaea and is needed for their growth on methanol ultimately producing methane. MtaABC catalyzes the energetically favorable methyl transfer from methanol to coenzyme M to form methyl coenzyme M. Here we demonstrate that this important reaction for possible production of methanol from the anaerobic oxidation of methane can be reversed in vitro. To this effect, we have expressed and purified the Methanosarcina barkeri MtaABC enzyme, and developed an in vitro functional assay that demonstrates MtaABC can catalyze the energetically unfavorable (Δ G ° = 27 kJ/mol) reverse reaction starting from methyl coenzyme M and generating methanol as a product. Demonstration of an in vitro ability of MtaABC to produce methanol may ultimately enable the anaerobic oxidation of methane to produce methanol and from methanol alternative fuel or fuel‐precursor molecules. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:1243–1249, 2017
Developing Family Actualization: The Frankfort Project

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this article is to describe an experimental approach in developing family actualization based on workshops conducted in Frankfort, Kentucky, in 1966-1967, 1968, and 1969, and designated the Frankfort Project. The objectives of the Frankfort Project were: (1) to help parents improve in their understanding of the growth and development of children, (2) to help parents actualize their own human potential, (3) to provide the opportunity for parents to work creatively on their marital relationships, and (4) to assist parents in plan, ning for homework on problems, issues, and concerns in the life of their particular family. There was and is a real need for a program to implement these objectives in Frankfort and other places because, while school children are learning many facts about the natural sciences and social sciences, there often is a significant gap in their ability to relate creatively to other people in effectively utilizing this knowledge. Youth have serious problems in interpersonal relationships at college and on the job. A manifestation of this problem is represented in the increasing number of industries
Roll-to-Roll Fabrication of PEDOT:PSS Stripes Using Slot-Die Head With <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$ </tex-math> </inline-formula>-Tips for AMOLEDs

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Stripe coating offers an approach to remove the pixel bank structure used to confine ink droplets. For potential application in solution-processable active-matrix organic light-emitting diode displays, we fabricate fine and dense stripes of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(4-styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS) using a slot-die head with the dual plate (shim plate with slit channels and meniscus-guiding plate with μ-tips as narrow as pixels). We analyze the flow distribution of the aqueous PEDOT:PSS solution near the μ-tip by varying the dual-plate configuration (μ-tip width, μ-tip length, and shim plate thickness) together with the process variable (i.e., coating speed) and offer design guidelines for the roll-to-roll fabrication of a fine stripe pattern. It can be achieved by reducing the μ-tip length as well as the shim plate thickness and increasing the coating speed until the flow breaks up. This scheme also enables us to raise the stripe density without defects. It is found that the μ-tip length is crucial for coatings of dense stripes. If μ-tip is long, it is not feasible to fabricate dense stripes regardless of the shim plate thickness due to an increase in resistance to flow. It is also found that the wettability of the solution serves as one of the critical parameters that determine the stripe profiles. We have fabricated 100 stripes with the average width of 227 μm and interstripe width nonuniformity as low as 9.2%. Finally, we have fabricated organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) atop the conductive PEDOT:PSS stripes and successfully obtained light emission from OLED stripes.
Isolation of eleastin and collagen polypeptides from long cattle tendons as raw material for the cosmetic industry

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Long cattle tendons were enzymatically disposed of lipoid substances.Collagenous hydrolysate was obtained through hydrolysis by commercial protease unde mild conditions, followed by elastin hydrolysis by commercila endopeptidase unde motre drastic conditions. Purity of hydrolysates was controlled.