jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Making Something from Nothing. Content and Context of Fredegisus of Tours' 'De substantia nihili et tenebrarum'

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A lot of attention has been given to Fredegisus of Tours' 'De substantia nihili et tenebrarum'. Yet this attention mainly focuses on the logical and philosophical contents of the letter. This thesis not only deals with this abstract content, but also tries to contextualise the 'De substantia' in the Carolingian Renaissance. Three questions have been important for the argument: What did Fredegisus state? How did he come to his statement? Why would he want to make this statement? The answers to these questions eventually lead to a new hypothesis on the 'De substantia', i.e. that Fredegisus wrote his text as a biblical study tool (as a micro glossary). \nThe thesis also includes the Latin text, a translation and a commentary on the text.
Reviewer's recommendations predict impact: why you have to send us your very best work

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Six months ago we acknowledged the help of many thousands of our reviewers who helped us with the editorial decision process over the last 5 years [1]. The aim of editors is two-fold: they wish to make fair decisions, but they also want to select the best work from the submitted material in order to increase the esteem of their journal which is to a large extent reflected by its impact factor. Moreover, editors have to deal with page limitations. The task of editors is therefore not easy, also because reviewers in fact relatively seldomly recommend to reject a paper [2]. Reviewer's reports are in general constructive and aim at improvement of a manuscript and not at its rejection. Therefore the high rejection rates of leading journals are primarily based on priority considerations [2–4].

Research of peer review is a young science with its own world congress [5–7] linked to the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME). The review process is in general anonymous and the pros and cons of this have been debated in the past in this journal [8,9] with comments from several experts [10]. The outcome of a survey amongst both authors and reviewers was that the majority of both groups voted for continuation of anonymity. One important other incentive for editors to follow such advice is that about half of the reviewers …

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +31-30-253-8923; fax: +31-30-253-9036 t.opthof{at}med.uu.nl
SILENT MENSTRUAL CRISIS: AN UNVEILING OF HAEMATOCOLPOS DUE TO IMPERFORATE HYMEN IN AN ADOLESCENT GIRL

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Primary amenorrhea is a condition where a female of 16 years of age has not attained menarche, irrespective of development of secondary sexual characteristics. Cryptomenorrhea, the hidden accumulation of menstrual blood due to obstructed outow, often presents as primary amenorrhea in adolescent girls. (8) It can be due to congenital or acquired conditions. (8) Imperforate hymen is a common etiology of cryptomenorrhea, leading to the formation of haematocolpos which can present as varied symptoms and lead to a multitude of complications. Prompt recognition and intervention are crucial to prevent complications and restore normal menstrual function.
Perancangan Desain Packaging Untuk Aksesoris Pernikahan Wedding Planner Dodok Lawang Banyumanik Semarang

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Product packaging has a very important role in attracting consumers, making consumers select the goods and serving as a tool for brand promotion. Using images, colors, and text, graphic designers can apply design principles to produce visually appealing packaging, highlight the benefits of a product, and give it a unique personality. Dodok Lawang runs a business in the form of services, namely making dowries, gifts, ring boxes and gift boxes. In this research, we developed packaging making/with the aim of renewing old packaging so that it appears more attractive. The form of packaging for the wedding planner is in the form of boxes and paper bags, as well as leaflets with a simple but still elegant design concept. validation from media experts and material expert have a result that the product is valid to be used as a protecting/wrapping of product properly. From the user's side, this design is effective because the information and visuals acquired from the packaging design are better understood by the user.
A Randomized Clinical Trial of Online Stress Inoculation for Adult Children of Divorce

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Interventions for helping young adults cope with the stress produced by their parents’ divorce are rarely described or evaluated. Transitions, derived from a stress inoculation framework, was designed to foster stress-coping and parent–young adult relationship skills via the Internet. Participants (95 young adult college students who had experienced parental separation or divorce within the past year) were randomly assigned to experimental and delayed-treatment control conditions. Intervention modules included psychoeducation, relaxation, mindfulness meditation, cognitive restructuring, and communication skills. A multivariate analysis of variance yielded a significant treatment-by-repeated-measures interaction; univariate follow-up analyses of variance showed improvement on stress but not on relationship variables measuring quality of relationship with mother or father. Neither moderator nor intent-to-treat analyses altered this outcome pattern.
The Electrocortical Correlates of Fluctuating States of Attention During Vigilance Tasks

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This study investigated the electrocortical correlates of attention. Sixteen subjects (seven females, nine males) engaged in a forty-minute target-detection vigilance task. In addition to the demands of the vigilance task, the subjects were asked to press a button during the vigilance task if they had experienced task-unrelated thoughts (TUTs) or daydreams. Continuous electroencephalograms (EEG) were recorded from the subjects during the entire task. During the vigilance task, task-irrelevant tones were presented every 2-4 seconds. Event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by these tones were generated. The task was divided into four ten-minute periods. The analysis of the performance data indicated performance decrements across periods. The performance decrement was reflected by increased reaction times (RT) to correct detections, and decreased proportion of correct detections, or A'. As the task progressed, the subjects became more conservative with their responses which was indicated by a significant decrease in the subjects' response criterion, or B''. In addition, the analysis revealed a significant increase in the number of reports of TUTs or daydreams over the course of the task. The EEG data were analyzed for differences in absolute power across periods as well as before and after TUT responses. ERPs elicited by the task-irrelevant tones were analyzed in the same manner. The quantitative analysis of the EEG data (QEEG) indicated no significant difference in the absolute power of the four frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, and beta) across periods. However, when the QEEG were converted into band ratios (beta/alpha and beta/alpha+theta), the pre-TUT and the post-TUT QEEG were found to be significantly different in the posterior parietal sites. The ERP amplitude components were not significantly different before and after a TUT response or across periods, however excessive artifact contamination of the ERP data resulted in the elimination of ERP data from 2/3 of the subjects. This may have resulted in decreased power and therefore reduced the chances of finding a significant differences in the ERP data.
The Impact of Atmospheric Models on the Dynamics of Space Tether Systems

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Space debris has become an increasingly larger concern for aerospace travel and exploration. One idea to control the space debris population is to de-orbit defunct satellites using a space tether system. \n \nA space tether system is often made up of three parts: the main satellite, the tether and the sub-satellite. The tether connects the main satellite and the sub-satellite. Space tether systems make use of the Lorentz force as an electrodynamic drag for de-orbit. \n \nWe use an established model of a space tether system to observe how satellites de-orbit. This model was constructed in MATLAB (Simulink) and uses the 1976 U.S. Standard Atmosphere. However, we wish to investigate how the model behaves using newer and more accurate atmospheric models, namely, the Jacchia-Bowman 2008 model and the Drag Temperature Model 2013. We also investigate the effect of controlling the tether's libration energy under the three aforementioned atmospheric models.
Study on geographic clustering of cholera incidence in Guangxi Province

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Both area clustering appeared in cholera and it′s ranks of distribation were explored from the distribution chart of accumulative incidence rate. Methods Hygienic statistics and epidemiological analysis were used to study the area clustering.Results The accumulative incidence rate appeared significant area clustering (P0.005)in rank I, Ⅲ and IV (except for rank Ⅱ). The most significant was found in rand IV, the second is rank Ⅲ.The datum revealed that there were variant factors which affect the occurrence and prevalence of cholera in these areas. From the distribution chart of accumulative incidence rate , the rank was higher in surrounding areas or northern and southern areas than in central areas or eastern and western areas. Conclusion Cholera incidence appeared area clustering in Guangxi Province.
Effects of TSH inhibition after total thyroidectomy on Tg, VEGF, TSGF, CD44V6, sIL-2R and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To study the effects of TSH inhibition after total thyroidectomy on Tg, VEGF, \nTSGF, CD44V6, sIL-2R and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with differentiated thyroid \ncarcinoma (DTC). Methods: A total of 100 patients with DTC in our hospital from January \n2014 to January 2017 were enrolled in this study. The subjects were divided into the control \ngroup (n=50) and the treatment group (n=50) randomly. The control group was treated with \nthyroid hormone replacement therapy, the treatment group was treated with levothyroxine \nsodium oral therapy, the two groups were treated for 1 week. The serum Tg, VEGF, TSGF, \nCD44V6, sIL-2R and peripheral blood CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ of the two groups before and after \ntreatment were compared. Results: There were no significant differences of the serum Tg, \nVEGF, TSGF, CD44V6, sIL-2R of the two groups before treatment. The serum Tg, VEGF, \nTSGF, CD44V6, sIL-2R of the two groups after treatment were significantly lower than before \ntreatment, and that of the treatment group after treatment were significantly lower than the \ncontrol group. There were no significantly differences of the peripheral blood CD3+, CD4+, \nCD8+ of the two groups before treatment. The peripheral blood CD3+, CD4+ of the two groups \nafter treatment were significantly higher than before treatment, the peripheral blood CD8+ of \nthe two groups after treatment were significantly lower than before treatment, and that of the \ntreatment group after treatment were significantly better than the control group. Conclusion: \nTSH inhibition after total thyroidectomy for patients with DTC can reduce the serum Tg, \nVEGF, TSGF, CD44V6, sIL-2R levels, improve the cellular immunity function, and it was \nworthy clinical application.
Numerical Simulation and Design Modification of an Automotive Bumper to Enhance Energy Absorption by Using LS‐DYNA

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The bumper is a crucial vehicle component designed to protect occupants during front and rear collisions. To maximize fuel efficiency, reducing the total mass of vehicle parts is crucial. The bumper is one of the parts that have slightly more weight. This study was aimed at enhancing the impact resistance of the current bumper design to reduce injuries during vehicular collisions. An evaluation of the existing bumper’s frontal impact was conducted. Following the assessment of the current bumper model, alterations were implemented by modifying its materials and shape and enhancing its thickness. Subsequently, a comparative analysis was performed between the revised design and the original model. CATIA was utilized to create the 3D CAD model of the bumper, and LS‐DYNA was then used for finite element analysis utilizing the simulation software. Simulations indicate that the modified bumper’s energy absorption capability surpasses that of existing bumpers made from steel and aluminum alloy by 12.69% and 18.87%, respectively. The impact force of the upgraded aluminum alloy 6061 bumper, which has 4.871 kN, and aluminum alloy 7075 bumper, which has 4.10 kN, is less than that of the current steel bumper, which has 9.78 kN. According to an impact parameter study, the corrugated bumper geometry has a crush force efficiency (CFE) of 81.52%, a total energy absorption (TEA) of 911 J, and a structural energy absorption (SEA) of 148.15 J/Kg. With a SEA of 102.4 J/kg, TEA of 811 J, and CFE of 65.83%, the hollow bumper geometry has lower numbers than these. The deformation slightly increased from 13.5 to 18.1, 20.92, and 23.5 mm, respectively, while the thickness of the improved bumper was altered from 4 to 3.5, 3, and 2.5 mm. However, this does not imply that a thinner bumper is always preferable, and if the deformation gets severe, it might spread into the vehicle’s primary cabin. The von Mises stress, however, rises from 509 to 536, 566, and 592 MPa. It can be said that the optimized model has greatly increased the bumper’s safety and collision resistance without sacrificing the old models’ safety or beauty.
The effect of production systems on beef fatty acid composition

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different production systems on fatty acids (FA) composition of three beef muscles (longissimus thoracis, semitendinosus and diaphragmae). The first group (MGSC) included 8 bulls of Slovenian Brown breed that were fattened with maize, grass silage and concentrates. The second group (MCS) included 8 bulls of Slovenian Simental breed that were fattened with maize silage, ensiled corn grain and concentrates. The third group (GS) included 6 Limousine × Simmental crossbreed bulls that have been fattened on pasture in cow-calf production system until slaughter. In fourth group (G) 8 bulls of Slovenian Simmental breed were fattened on pasture from spring to autumn when they were slaughtered. Bulls from MSC and MGSC had similar carcass weight (316 kg, 308 kg, respectively), whereas bulls from GS had the lightest (215 kg) and bulls from G the heaviest carcass weight (371 kg). Carcass fatness was similar for bulls in MSC, MGSC and G groups and slightly lower in GS group. The percentage of saturated FA differed among groups only in semitendinosus muscle. Bulls from G and GS had lower percentage of monounsaturated FA (MUFA) and higher percentage of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) in all three muscles. Bulls from grazing production systems had higher n-3 PUFA values in all muscles and higher n-6 PUFA values in semitendinosus and diaphragmae. Bulls fattened on pasture had lower n-6/n-3 ratio in all three muscles. Bulls from GS had a higher percentage of conjugated linolenic acid in comparison to MGSC and MCS groups in all muscles except in semitendinosus where percentage of CLA was higher only from MGSC group.
The impact of tax and price reforms on companies’ prices in a complex cigarette tax system

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study analyzes how changes in various aspects of excise tax systems, including minimum price laws and differential price tiers for excise taxation jointly rather than independently, influence firms’ pricing decisions. We apply our model to Indonesia, where the tobacco excise tax system is complex, with several excise tax tiers within and across cigarette types. We use a comprehensive database of prices over the past decade for all cigarettes manufactured and sold in Indonesia, obtained from Indonesian Customs. We find that the impact of excise taxes on prices hides important effects of other pricing policies that are typically ignored in research, which either focus on the independent impacts of excise tax or do not distinguish between cigarette types. Specifically, minimum price policies have a larger impact than excise taxes on pricing decisions for machine-made clove cigarettes (kretek), while excise tax changes have a larger effect on prices for machine-made, non-clove (white) cigarettes. For cigarette types and brands that are more likely to feature a relatively more elastic demand (hand-rolled kretek), companies keep prices close to the minimum price. The results imply that a multi-tiered tobacco excise tax system likely generates distortions that limit government policies’ effectiveness in reducing tobacco consumption.
National fantasy, impossible gaze: the Kurdish question in popular Turkish cinema

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay explores representations of the Kurdish question in the new popular films of Turkey including Eskiya/The Bandit, Vizontele, Deli Yurek: Bumerang Cehennemi/Wildheart: Hell of Boomerang, Kurtlar Vadisi: Iraq/Valley of the Wolves: Iraq, Gunesi Gordum/I Saw the Sun, Nefes/The Breath and Mucize/The Miracle. I use the notion of ideological fantasy to explain how filmic reality is constructed within these films. I argue that popular films of new Turkish cinema addressing the Kurdish question are national fantasies reconstituting the social, historical and political realities of the problem in accordance with the changing state discourse.
THE COMPARISON RETURN OF ISCOIN WITH THE OTHER RETURN OF ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENT INSTRUMENTS

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The money has tracked a historical course from the barter economy, cash, fiat money, deposit, digital and crypto money. The widespread blockchain technology has managed to crypto money such as Bitcoin, Ripple and Ethereum being ubiquitous in financial markets after 2011. While the quest for new currencies and substitute payment systems in international economic markets have continued, it is observed that these progresses are appraised in terms of Islamic marketplaces, and a solution is needed in this area. Islamic Coin (IsCoin) was shown how the halal crypto money system has been designed with sharia compliance to current offers and suggests assurance in the markets as another payment system, which has been integrated by Islamic Development Banks (IDB). I comparatively examine Turkish Lira deposit interest, Euro and USD interest, Borsa Istanbul Stock Exchange (BIST), IsCoin, gold, NASDAQ, Bitcoin, and Ethereum return. This paper reveals that the return of the IsCoin is better than the return of Turkish Liras, Euro, USD Dollar, and BIST. However, the return of Bitcoin and Ethereum is better than IsCoin. Still, according to many Islamic scholars, these investment instruments have high volatility, and they have not accepted suitable investment tools due to sharia non-compliance risk.
8 – Chondrocyte Culture: A Target System to Evaluate: Pharmacotoxicological Effects of Drugs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Chondrocyte culture is an efficient target system for evaluation of the pharmacological and toxicological effects of drugs acting on cartilaginous tissue. Anti-inflammatory and antiosteoarthritic drugs have been especially studied on cultured chondrocytes. Moreover, several toxic drugs for cartilaginous tissue have been explored in these in vitro models. Many types of culture exist and have their own advantages and drawbacks. For example, in monolayer culture chondrocytes do not retain all of their specific functions. Cartilage slices and three-dimensional culture maintain chondrocytes in a differentiated state but without noticeable cell division. Therefore, it is necessary to choose the type of culture relevant to the pharmacological and toxicological end-point being considered. The main pertinent end-points for assessing drug effects on chondrocytes are proteoglycans, collagens, and alkaline phosphatase. Study of the interactions of growth factors, cytokines, and vitamins with cartilage should increase in the knowledge of the complex regulations of chondrocytes and open the way to the development of new antirheumatic drugs. It appears obvious that chondrocyte culture already belongs to the group of specialized cultures for use in a complete toxicological study.
Double-Shell-Target Implosion by Four Beams from the GEKKO IV Laser System

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A double-shell-target implosion was studied with the GEKKO IV glass-laser system. The inner-shell trajectory, recorded for the first time by a newly developed two-frame x-ray shadowgraphy technique, was analyzed by a self-similar flow model, implying more than 20% outer-inner kinetic-energy conversion. The trajectory also agreed with a one-dimensional code result including a vacuum insulation effect. A two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation analyzed the illumination nonuniformity printed on the inner shell.
Lack adhesion to hypertension treatment: characteristics of distict clientes

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The aim was to identify the characteristics of patients with arterial hypertension that don’t follow the treatment. The sample consisted of 21 people. Related to the sex, 15 (71,4%) were women and six (28,6%) were men. With relationship to the age, the predominant age group was of 42-51 years, with eight people (38,1%). Fifteen people (71,4%) they were married. With relationship to the religion, 16 (76,2%) were catholic and five (23,8%) were Protestant. Good portion of the group had housewife’s occupations (28,6%) and retired or pensioner (19,0%). A larger number (19) received from none to two monthly minimum salaries (90,5% of the sample). Great portion of them (13 = 63%) was illiterate, they wrote just the name or they had the first incomplete degree. It is concluded that most of the participants presented the following characteristics: woman, among 42-51 years old, married, catholic, housewife, with maximum income of one to two minimum salaries and with little or any instruction.
In-Situ Injectable Physically and Chemically Gelling NIPAAm-Based Copolymer System for Embolization

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The goal of this work is to make an injectable physically and chemically cross-linking NIPAAm-based copolymer system for endovascular embolization. A copolymer with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was synthesized and converted to poly(NIPAAm-co-HEMA-acrylate) functionalized with olefins. When poly(NIPAAm-co-HEMA-acrylate) was mixed with pentaerythritol tetrakis 3-mercaptopropionate (QT) stoichiometrically in a 0.1 N PBS solution of pH 7.4, it formed a temperature-sensitive hydrogel with low swelling through the Michael-type addition reaction and showed improved elastic properties at low frequency compared to physical gelation. This material could be useful for applications requiring water-soluble injection but lower swelling and lower creep properties than available with other soluble in-situ-gelling materials.