jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Two-equation turbulence model for a dispersed two-phased flow with variable-density fluid and constant-density particles. Technical report, 1 January-31 December 1985

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A two-equation turbulence model was developed for predicting a dispersed two-phase flow with variable-density fluid and constant-density particles. The two equations describe the conservation of turbulence kinetic energy and its dissipation rate for the fluid. They have been derived rigorously from the momentum equations of the carrier fluid in the two-phase flow. Closure of the time mean equations is achieved by modeling the turbulent correlations up to third order. The new model eliminates the need to simulate in an ad hoc manner the effects of the dispersed phase on turbulent structure in situations where the compressibility of the fluid must be taken into account.
Improving interpreting for dementia assessments: Results from the MINDSET trial

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The Improving Interpreting for Dementia Assessments (MINDSET) study aimed to upskill interpreters through an online co‐designed course in dementia and cognitive assessments. Methods A single‐blinded randomized controlled digital trial conducted between June 2022 and November 2023. Interpreters were randomized to training or waitlist control conditions with 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up. The primary outcome was a composite Z‐ score comprising dementia and cross‐cultural knowledge, translation and ethical knowledge, and observed interpreting skills. Preliminary analyses were conducted using a mixed ANOVA with assessment period as the within‐subjects factor and intervention group as the between‐subjects factor, controlling for age. Results 126 interpreters (M age = 44.13 years ( SD = 12.71) completed baseline (22 Arabic, 14 Cantonese, 6 Greek, 14 Italian, 64 Mandarin, 6 Vietnamese), 3m follow‐up (n = 100) and 6m follow‐up (n = 101). For the primary outcome, there were no significant main effects for assessment period F (2, 178) = 0.21, p = .814 nor intervention group F (1, 89) = 0.31, p = .548, and no significant interaction between intervention group and assessment period, F (2, 178) = 0.64, p = .526. Secondary outcomes revealed significant main effects for dementia knowledge (DKAS) for the assessment period, F (2, 98) = 8.80, p <.001, and intervention group F (1, 99) = 4.59, p = .035, with significantly higher scores at the 3‐ (mean difference = 1.308, SE = .31, p <.001, 95% CI .692, 1.924) and 6‐month follow‐up (mean difference = .814, SE = .31, p = .010, 95% CI .203, 1.425); and significantly higher scores in the intervention compared to control (mean difference = .842, SE = .393, p = .035, 95% CI .062, 1.621). A significant interaction between assessment period and intervention group F (2, 98) = 3.33, p = .040 indicated that the increase in scores at the 3‐ and 6‐month periods were greater for the intervention group. Conclusions This is the first time a dementia training resource for interpreters has been trialled. Preliminary analyses revealed an improvement in interpreter’s dementia knowledge.
Defect-induced localization of information scrambling in 1D Kitaev model

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We discuss one-dimensional(1D) spin compass model or 1D Kitaev model in the presence of local bond defects. Three types of local disorders concerning both bond-nature and bond-strength that occur on kitaev materials have been investigated. Using exact diagonalization, two-point spin-spin structural correlations and four-point Out-of-Time-Order Correlators(OTOC) have been computed for the defective spin chains. The proposed quantities give signatures of these defects in terms of their responses to location and strength of defects. A key observation is that the information scrambling in the OTOC space gets trapped at the defect site giving rise to the phenomena of localization of information scrambling thus making these correlators a suitable diagnostic tool to detect and characterize these defects.
RESEARCH ARTICLE Attentional Control and Subjective Executive Function in Treatment-Naive Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We investigated performance-derived measures of executive control, and their relationship with self- and informant reported executive functions in everyday life, in treatment-naive adults with newly diagnosed Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD; n536) and in healthy controls (n535). Sustained attentional control and response inhibition were examined with the Test of Variables of Attention (T.O.V.A.). Delayed responses, increased reaction time variability, and higher omission error rate to Go signals in ADHD patients relative to controls indicated fluctuating levels of attention in the patients. Furthermore, an increment in NoGo commission errors when Go stimuli increased relative to NoGo stimuli suggests reduced inhibition of task-irrelevant stimuli in conditions demanding frequent responding. The ADHD group reported significantly more cognitive and behavioral executive problems than the control group on the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A). There were overall not strong associations between task performance and ratings of everyday executive
When Hip-Hop and Education Converge: A Look into Hip-Hop Based Education Programs in the United States and Brazil

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the 21st century, it is nearly impossible to travel a region of the world without encountering forms of hip-hop music and culture. Since its birth within the streets of New York in the 1970s, hip-hop has been transformed from a local youth movement to an international phenomenon (Boyd, 2002, Chang, 2005, Lamont Hill, 2009, Emdin, 2010). Within urban pockets, hip-hop has become a tool for empowerment for disenfranchised young people who oftentimes, have received inadequate education, poor health care, and low access to quality food. Some scholars interpret the movement of hip-hop culture around the globe as a “hip-hop diaspora” which shares elements of ethnic constructions of diaspora (Bennett & Peterson, 2004). Scholar of Urban Education, Christopher Emdin, argue the fact that hip-hop is the unified language that many marginalized youth share means it must play a part in how these populations are educated (Emdin, 2010). Indeed, the education of urban youth, particularly of youth of African descent, has a long and troubled history within nations like the United States and Brazil. An increasingly globalized economy and the resulting educational challenges faced by urban youth of color has heightened the desire to find innovative models for resolving the enduring impacts of slavery and social exclusion.
Compensation for injured study subjects in clinical trials: an ethical obligation in human subjects research.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues suggested in its report "Research Across Borders: Proceedings of the International Research Panel of the Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues" that the United States should implement a system to compensate research subjects for research-related injuries. This article not only analyzes the Commission's recommendation critically, but also discusses if an ethical obligation exists to compensate study subjects for research-related injuries. In addition, the article compares the status quo of the United States to the one in Germany. Germany is one of the countries, which has an established insurance system for research-related injuries based on a non-fault system.
Rapid accumulation and sustained turnover of inositol phosphates in cerebral-cortex slices after muscarinic-receptor stimulation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The rapid kinetics of [3H]inositol phosphate accumulation and turnover were examined in rat cerebral-cortex slices after muscarinic-receptor stimulation. Markedly increased [3H]inositol polyphosphate concentrations were observed to precede significant stimulated accumulation of [3H]inositol monophosphate. New steady-state accumulations of several 3H-labelled products were achieved after 5-10 min of continued agonist stimulation, but were rapidly and effectively reversed by subsequent receptor blockade. The results show that muscarinic-receptor activation involves phosphoinositidase C-catalysed hydrolysis initially of polyphosphoinositides rather than of phosphatidylinositol. Furthermore, prolonged carbachol stimulation is shown not to cause receptor desensitization, but to allow persistent hydrolysis of [3H]phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate and permit sustained metabolic flux through the inositol tris-/tetrakis-phosphate pathway.
Postural sway in patients with early Parkinson’s disease performing cognitive tasks while standing

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our results indicate that patients with early PD have subtle signs of postural instability when their attention is diverted or reduced. In addition, deficits of stereopsis may be common in early PD patients. St Abbreviations: ACC: Accelerometers; ANOVA: Analysis of variance; AP: Antero-posterior; COP: Center of pressure; EC: Eyes closed; ECDT: eyes closed with dual task; EO: Eyes open; EODT: Eyes open with dual task; GDS: Geriatric depression scale; JERK: Jerkiness of sway; ML: Medio-lateral; MMSE: Mini mental state examination; MoCA: Montreal cognitive assessment; PD: Parkinson's disease; PDAbS: PD Patients with abnormal stereopsis; PDNrS: PD Patients with normal stereopsis; PIGD: Postural instability and gait disorder; RMS: Root mean square; UPDRS: Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale.
[Short- and long-term follow-up of left ventricular function after surgical treatment of chronic mitral valve regurgitation].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

After successful surgical treatment of mild-to-moderate symptomatic chronic MR there is a gradual fall of LVEDD implying continued ventricular remodeling over several months. However, we observed only a slight decrease of LVEDS with subsequent decrease of EF that may support the opinion of the crucial role of mitral valve apparatus in overall LV performance. EF fall did not preclude, however, reduction of pulmonary hypertension and LA diameter in long-term follow up.
Exploring the Role of Job Coaches in Career Transition Programme for Students with Special Needs

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to explore, identify and explain the support service that is Job Coach in the implementation of the Career Transition Programme for students with special needs. The career transition programme is a systematic programme to help students with special needs transition from school to work. This study was conducted using a qualitative approach methodology using a research design to various places. The research strategy of this study is through data collection methods using triangulation which is interviews as the main data, physical observation and document analysis. Data analysis using Nvivo 7 software to obtain consistent themes to answer the research questions. This survey involved 6 respondents, 3 students with special needs and 3 Job Coaches who have a basic certificate issued by the community welfare department. Two of the respondents are students with special needs in the autism and slow learner categories, while another student is in the moderate hearing category. The selection of these respondents is to obtain data and information to see the extent to which the Job Coach role is implemented in 3 different locations around the Klang Valley zone. The findings of the study of 3 students with special needs who used the Job Coach service in the career transition program got permanent job opportunities where the transition programme was conducted. In addition, the findings of the study found that students with special needs can improve their interpersonal skills, self-advocacy and exposure at work with the support of a Job Coach. The findings from this study are expected to expand the role of the Job Coach to society and the privileges of working disabled people as well as employers where disabled people work.
Dps Protects Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli against Acid-Induced Antimicrobial Peptide Killing

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The research presented in this paper explores the role of the DNA-binding protein Dps as a key defense mechanism of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) strains in protecting against killing by the novel antimicrobial peptide WRWYCR. Our results demonstrate that Dps protects against peptide-induced killing of EHEC through direct protection against acid stress and hydroxyl radical formation, both of which are mechanisms targeted by the antimicrobial peptide. This study provides important insights into peptide WRWYCR-mediated killing of EHEC, which could be exploited in the development of more effective antimicrobials through specific targeting of Dps in order to allow a more potent response to the antimicrobial WRWYCR.
PRIMARY HYPOTHYROIDISM AND OVARIAN ACTIVITY EVIDENCE FOR AN OVERLAP IN THE SYNTHESIS OF PITUITARY GLYCOPROTEINS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary A 14‐year‐old girl presented with precocious sexual development, galactorrhoea and symptoms and signs suggestive of hypothyroidism. On physical examination a tumour was found in the lower abdomen. Serum gonadotrophins, especially luteinizing hormone, serum thyroid stimulating hormone and prolactin were elevated. Measurement of thyroid hormones and additional thyroid function tests confirmed the diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism. Ultrasound investigation revealed the mass in the lower abdomen to be of a cystic nature and to originate from the right ovary. Following the institution of thyroid substitution therapy, all symptoms disappeared, biochemical and hormonal abnormalities returned to normal and the ovarian size decreased to normal. A hypothesis is presented for non‐specific pituitary glycoprotein hormone synthesis secondary to the hypothyroidism, as the cause of the syndrome.
Acoustic Radiation Study of Wind-Induced Aerodynamic Noise From a Large Cruise Ship Chimney Based on the CAS-RTM Method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The cruise ship’s chimney, situated at the highest position of the top deck, is susceptible to aerodynamic noise induced by the sea’s wind field, thus affecting the comfort of passengers on the open deck. This study conducted real measurements on wind-induced aerodynamic noise from a large cruise ship chimney. Based on offshore wind conditions, CFD simulations were conducted to derive the surface pulsation pressure, which in turn was input to the acoustic boundary elements and translated into a compact sound source. Then, employing the Compact Acoustic Source combined with the Ray Tracing Method (CAS-RTM), the acoustic radiation impact of the aerodynamic sound source on the open deck was predicted and analyzed. The predicted outcomes were validated through comparison with measured results, and finally, the aerodynamic shapes of the chimney were optimized. The results highlighted the effectiveness of the CAS-RTM method in obtaining a directional aerodynamic noise source and realizing sound propagation in an open acoustic environment. The directivity of the aerodynamic noise source primarily manifests on the left and right sides of the chimney, with radiated sound pressure exhibiting an increase and then decrease with rising frequency, peaking at 315 Hz. Both aerodynamic optimization schemes enhanced flow separation and vortex shedding while mitigating pulsation pressure distribution. Optimization I demonstrated the largest reduction of 3.172 dB, mainly at position 1 on the front side of the chimney. Conversely, Optimization II exhibited the greatest reduction, measuring 4.414 dB, at position 6 on the rear side of the chimney. This study can provide some instructive insights for the prediction and control of aerodynamic noise from cruise ship chimneys.
Effects of Salt Loading and Nitrendipine on Dihydropyridine Receptors in Hypertensive Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

It has already been emphasized that salt-dependent hypertension might be especially sensitive to calcium antagonists, and it has recently been shown that binding at different receptor types might be altered by dietary sodium chloride. Therefore, it was of interest to find the extent to which the specific membrane-associated dihydropyridine (DHP) receptors are influenced by salt loading and/or nitrendipine treatment. Groups of 10-12 salt-sensitive (S/JR) or salt-resistant (R/JR) Dahl rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) or normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) received diets containing low (0.4%) or high (8%) NaCl for 21 days; treated animals received 300 ppm nitrendipine additionally with the diet. Blood pressure of R/JR and WKY did not differ markedly on the different diets, whereas in hypertensive rat strains, salt loading increased blood pressure after 3 weeks. High salt resulted in an increased number of cardiac DHP receptors in SHRSP; the addition of nitrendipine enhanced DHP receptor capacity in the heart and brain membranes of both strains (SHRSP and S/JR). No major changes in affinity were observed. Augmentation in the number of DHP receptors as analyzed in a follow-up interim observation study on SHR occurred more rapidly in heart than in brain tissue. It can be concluded that an altered number of the DHP receptor sites, and not changes in affinity, might be essential during treatment with calcium antagonists. The DHP receptor sites, and not changes in affinity, might be essential during treatment with calcium antagonists. The DHP receptor density can be modified by high salt intake, as shown in salt-loaded SHRSP.
Improved Association Rule Mining with Positive and Negative Integration

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Association rule mining is used to find association relationships among large data sets. Mining frequent patterns is an important aspect in association rule mining. Finding frequent itemsets in databases is crucial in data mining for purpose of extracting association rules. Many algorithms were developed to find those frequent itemsets. Mining frequent patterns in transaction databases, time-series databases, and many other kinds of databases has been studied popularly in data mining research. Most of the previous studies adopt an Apriori-like candidate set generation-and-test approach. However, candidate set generation is still costly, especially when there exist a large number of patterns and/or long patterns. The FP-growth algorithm is currently one of the fastest approaches to frequent item set mining. In this paper, we proposed to compress the frequent pattern set mined from a transaction database to a compact set. The compact set is useful in application where the longest pattern is usually used.
Analisa Penetapan Target Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) Di Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract : This research study about phenomenon and symptom in governance of area, specially with reference to analysis to stipulating of goals earnings of area genuiness and ability of area in process acceptance of it area. For that need for us to comprehend Governance meaning, Governance represent organ in charge process service of public and obliged to process service of civil for every one who conduct governance relation, so that each every pertinent society member accepting it at the time of needed as according to governed demand. Besides to comprehend discussion in this research to elaborate furthermore about analysis stipulating of goals earnings of area genuiness, of course also will study about existence of monetary counter balance element between area and center as form management of area autonomy in process acceptance of area. Monetary counter balance between Government and Governance of Area is a system of division of fair finance, proporsional, democratic, transparent, and efficient in order to financing of management of Decentralization, by considering potency, condition of, and requirement of area, and also besaran financing of management of Deconcentration and Duty Aid. With existence of element of authority area in managing and process acceptance of its area, so researcher cope to give deeper solution about local government effort through on duty earnings of area in process acceptance of area through its authority in specifying goals acceptance of area. In specifying goals acceptance of this area need to local government to give rational calculation, objective and can be measured in its implementation wait. Therefore to analyse guidance in stipulating of this goals, shall on duty earnings of area can to be guided by acceptance of area in the year previously, taxpayer data and retribution is obliged to which have data, till can to coordinate more comprehensive to other on duty to get its conducive proposal and input it goals at sector acceptance of certain area. This matter is meant so that on duty earnings of local government and area indirectly can to give picture to growth of economics of its regional society, one of them of course can be depicted to through stipulating of goals acceptance of respective area to awareness of society taxpayer periodically mount or is downhill. So, Local government ought to can give clear picture to potency earnings of area genuiness and later;then construct society to increase awareness of taxpayer by process acceptance of the lease to develop build society.Keyword : Local Government, Area Autonomy, Acceptance of Area, Earnings of Area Genuiness, Taxpayer
Do road infrastructure and natural resources affect poverty reduction in North Sumatra, Indonesia?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Poverty is a significant issue faced by nearly all countries worldwide. Generally, poverty is defined as the inability of an individual to meet basic needs in various aspects of life. This study aims to examine the impact of road infrastructure and natural resources on poverty in North Sumatra Province. The research adopts a quantitative approach, utilizing secondary data obtained from publications by the Central Bureau of Statistics for the period 2010 to 2021. The analytical method employed is multiple linear regression, conducted using Eviews 10 software. The findings indicate that road infrastructure has a positive and significant effect on poverty in North Sumatra Province. Similarly, natural resources also exhibit a positive and significant impact on poverty in the region.
Localization of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in human tooth germ and cultured dental papillae mesenchymal cells

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

AIM: To observe the expression of GDNF in tooth germ and dental papillae mesenchymal cells. METHODS: Technique of immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry were used. RESULTS: The immunohistochemical stain showed that the expression of GDNF in tooth germ and dental papillae mesenchymal cells was positive. GDNF in tooth germ was found in the odontoblastic layer and the preodontoblastic layer, and also found in the dental papillae mesenchymal cells. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that GDNF may have nonneuronal organogenetic functions during tooth morphogenesis,and may take part in the stimulation of odontoblast differentiation.