jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Spectroscopic Study of Solid-Phase Chitosan/Cyclodextrin-Based Electrospun Fibers

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this study, chitosan (chi)/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) 2:20 and 2:50 Chi:HPCD fibers were assembled via an electrospinning process that contained a mixture of chitosan and HPCD with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) as a solvent. Complementary thermal analysis (thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA)/differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)) and spectroscopic methods (Raman/IR/NMR) were used to evaluate the structure and composition of the fiber assemblies. This study highlights the multifunctional role of TFA as a solvent, proton donor and electrostatically bound pendant group to chitosan, where the formation of a ternary complex occurs via supramolecular host–guest interactions. This work contributes further insight on the formation and stability of such ternary (chitosan + HPCD + solvent) electrospun fibers and their potential utility as “smart” fiber coatings for advanced applications.
Formation of Co 3 O 4 Nanotubes and the Magnetic Behaviour at Low Temperature

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Tubular Co3O4 nanostructures were prepared from cobalt nanowires embedded in an anodic alumina template. The morphologies of nanowires/nanotubes were studied by transmission electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction was used in the analysis of the nanostructures and phases. A possible formation mechanism of the process from nanowires to nanotubes is discussed. The vibrating sample magnetometer measurements show anomalous magnetic behaviour of the cobalt oxide nanotubes at low temperature.
2-[2-(4-Methylbenzoyl)-3,3-bis(methylsulfanyl)prop-2-enylidene]malononitrile

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The title compound, C(16)H(14)N(2)OS(2), is an example of a push-pull butadiene in which the electron-releasing and electron-withdrawing attachments on either end of the butadiene chain enhance the conjugation in the system. The mol-ecules are linked by inter-molecular C-H⋯N inter-actions.
STUDY ON THE BEST TUMOR MARKER GROUP FOR DIAGNOSIS OF OVARIAN MALIGNANT TUMORS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To study the diagnosis significance of 22 tumor markers and select the best tumor marker group in malignant ovarian tumors.Methods:The concentrations of spermine(SP),spmide(SPM),and putrescine(PU) in serum of 272 patients with benign ovarian tumor and 55 patients with malignant tumor were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography,AKP and LDH by antobiochemical instrument,the others by enzyme immunoassay.Results:TMs with sensetivity above 60% were PU(100%),SP(84%),CA125(75 9%),SA(70 4%),FE P(61 2%),TSGF(60 9%) and CA153(60%) respectively.TMs with effective rate above 80% were TSGF(88.6%),SP(86.6%),SPM(83.8%),CA153(81.2%),SA(81.1%),PU(81%) and CA125(80%) respectively.The best TM group consisted of CA125,TSGF and SA.Conclusion:The most sensetive tumor markers are CA125,TSGF and SA.In order to enhance accurate rate of differential diagnosis,TMs must be measured in combination with others.
Oxpeckers of the mouse world: assembly and review of data on the unique mutualism between Amblyopinina rove beetles and their mammal hosts

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Mutualistic interactions between species are plentiful in the animal kingdom, but only two cases of insect–mammal mutualisms have been recorded. Although the mutualism between rove beetles (family Staphylinidae) from the subtribe Amblyopinina (subfamily Staphylininae, tribe Tanygnathinini) and mammals is one of these cases, very little is known about its nature. To bring this unique case of mutualism into the spotlight of evolutionary biology for its further study, here we compile all scattered and fragmentary literature data on mutualistic Amblyopinina beetles and their mammal hosts into a single critically reviewed dataset and provide the first assessment of the phylogenetic, geographic and ecological variables of this mutualism. Further data mining in natural history collections, in the field and through laboratory observations, as well as in-depth taxonomic and phylogenetic studies of Amblyopinina should be prioritized in future work towards understanding this mutualism.
Individual maize chromosomes in the C(3) plant oat can increase bundle sheath cell size and vein density.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

C(4) photosynthesis has evolved in at least 66 lineages within the angiosperms and involves alterations to the biochemistry, cell biology, and development of leaves. The characteristic "Kranz" anatomy of most C(4) leaves was discovered in the 1890s, but the genetic basis of these traits remains poorly defined. Oat × maize addition lines allow the effects of individual maize (Zea mays; C(4)) chromosomes to be investigated in an oat (Avena sativa; C(3)) genetic background. Here, we have determined the extent to which maize chromosomes can introduce C(4) characteristics into oat and have associated any C(4)-like changes with specific maize chromosomes. While there is no indication of a simultaneous change to C(4) biochemistry, leaf anatomy, and ultrastructure in any of the oat × maize addition lines, the C(3) oat leaf can be modified at multiple levels. Maize genes encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase, and the 2'-oxoglutarate/malate transporter are expressed in oat and generate transcripts of the correct size. Three maize chromosomes independently cause increases in vein density, and maize chromosome 3 results in larger bundle sheath cells with increased cell wall lipid deposition in oat leaves. These data provide proof of principle that aspects of C(4) biology could be integrated into leaves of C(3) crops.
Training and Employment Aid

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter discusses the application of the State aid rules to training and employment support measures. It considers the situations in which State support for training and employment will fall outside the definition of aid under Article 107(1), and the application of the General Block Exemption Regulation (GBER) to support measures that do fall within the definition of State aid, including discussion of particular types of aid such as training aid and aid for disadvantaged and workers with disabilities. The chapter concludes with a discussion of aid falling outside the scope of the GBER which may nevertheless be authorised under Article 107(3) and the application of the Commission’s Training and Employment Communications in such situations.
Endotoxin exposure protects against new onset of pollen sensitisation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Farmers are exposed to a wide range of organic and microbial components. We studied the relation between farm-related endotoxin exposure and changes in atopic sensitisation over time in young adults in The Danish Farming Cohort (SUS). Method: The SUS cohort (n=1166) was examined twice with a 15 year follow-up period. Specific IgEs against cat, birch, grass, HDM and storage mite allergens were determined (ADVIA Centaur, ALK Abello ®). Sensitisation was defined as sIgE≥0.35 kU/L, and atopy was defined as sensitisation to one or more of the 5 allergens tested for. Personal average yearly exposure to endotoxin during the follow-up period was estimated from more than 500 personal inhalable dust measurements and a farm-specific internal job exposure matrix. Results: New onset atopy was negatively associated with endotoxin exposure in a dose dependent manner (Table 1). Endotoxin exposure was not seen to be related to new onset of mite sensitisation. In contrast, all levels of endotoxin exposure showed a significant and strong protective effect against new onset of pollen sensitisation. Conclusion: These analyses suggest endotoxin exposure to have a significant protective effect against new onset of pollen sensitisation.
Dynamic characteristics of pilot boards of structures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work is devoted to studying the issues of vibrations of pile foundations, taking into account soil conditions for various types of fastening of piles to structures and the development of rational methods for choosing the parameters of piles and their number in earthquake-resistant construction. Based on the results of theoretical studies, resonance curves were constructed for three types of fastening of the "structure-group of piles" system. A special technique was proposed, and a series of field tests were carried out to determine the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the system.
LIMK1/2 in the mPFC Plays a Role in Chronic Stress-Induced Depressive-Like Effects in Mice

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Depression is one of the most common forms of mental illness and also a leading cause of disability worldwide. Developing novel antidepressant targets beyond the monoaminergic systems is now popular and necessary. LIM kinases, including LIM domain kinase 1 and 2 (LIMK1/2), play a key role in actin and microtubule dynamics through phosphorylating cofilin. Since depression is associated with atrophy of neurons and reduced connectivity, here we speculate that LIMK1/2 may play a role in the pathogenesis of depression. Methods In this study, the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), chronic restraint stress (CRS), and chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) models of depression, various behavioral tests, stereotactic injection, western blotting, and immunofluorescence methods were adopted. Results CUMS, CRS, and CSDS all significantly enhanced the phosphorylation levels of LIMK1 and LIMK2 in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) but not the hippocampus of mice. Administration of fluoxetine, the most commonly used selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in clinical practice, fully reversed the effects of CUMS, CRS, and CSDS on LIMK1 and LIMK2 in the mPFC. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of LIMK1 and LIMK2 in the mPFC by LIMKi 3 infusions notably prevented the pro-depressant effects of CUMS, CRS, and CSDS in mice. Conclusions In summary, these results suggest that LIMK1/2 in the mPFC has a role in chronic stress-induced depressive-like effects in mice and could be a novel pharmacological target for developing antidepressants.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES OF FRUIT AND LEAVES EXTRACT OF LANNEA MICROCARPA ENGLAND K. KRAUS (ANACARDIACEAE)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity as well as carotenoid content of crude hydro-acetonic extract of fruit and leaves of Lannea microcarpa ( L. microcarpa ) and to elucidate the possible anti-inflammatory mechanism by enzymatic and non-enzymatic methods. Methods: Anti-inflammatory activity was determined by using carrageenan induced paw edema in mice; the anti-inflammatory mechanism may have been assessed using the inhibitory effect of the extracts, on the lipoxygenase, xanthine oxidase, lipid peroxidation and the reduction of Fe 3+ . Results: At the doses of 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg, the extracts of both fruit and leaves reduced the carrageenan-induced paw edema while the dose of 200 mg/kg has produced a maximum percentage of inhibition of mice paw edema both for fruit (78.44%) and leaves (58.02%) at the fifth hour compared to control. Significant lipoxigenase and xanthine oxidase inhibitory effect was obtained with both fruit and leaves extract ethyl acetate fraction. Ethyl acetate fraction from both extracts inhibited lipid peroxidation. The fruit and leaves extract ethyl acetate fraction also inhibited lipid peroxidation with 32.85% and 78.07% respectively. Crude acetonic extract of leaves of Lannea microcarpa has shown a significantly reducing power of Fe 3+ by 9.46±0.26 and high carotenoids content compared to those of fruit extract. Conclusion: The results obtained from the present study suggest that Lannea microcarpa fruit and leaves extract possess significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities (mg AAE/100 mg). Therefore, they could be useful for food and pharmaceutics industries.
New third-order bounds on the effective moduli of 𝑁-phase composites

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We develop some new bounds on the effective moduli of N N -phase composites. These new bounds are accurate up to and including terms of third order in O ( | K i − K j | , | μ i − μ j | ) O\left ( {\left | {{K_i} - {K_j}} \right |,\left | {{\mu _i} - {\mu _j}} \right |} \right ) , where K i {K_i} and μ i {\mu _i} are the bulk and shear modulus, respectively, of phase i i . These bounds use the same statistical information as McCoy’s and Beran-Molyneux’s bounds but are tighter than, or at worst coincident with, the latter bounds. We also present in the appendix a new perturbation solution for the effective moduli which only requires that | δ μ | = O ( | μ i − μ j | ) \left | {\delta \mu } \right | = O\left ( {\left | {{\mu _i} - {\mu _j}} \right |} \right ) be small.
Investigating the toxicity of ATA nanoparticles in vitro and cardioprotective effects of ATA on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in zebrafish

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A novel compound acetyltanshinone (ATA) has been discovered to have a prominent growth inhibition effect on breast cancer cells and may be potentially used as a chemotherapeutic drug. However, its property of low aqueous solubility and bioavailability poses a limitation on its drug efficacy. Therefore, nanoparticle drug loading, a method that is able to increase the drug’s bioavailability, was performed. The key objective of this final year project was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo effects of ATA nanoparticles. Based on the MTT assay, the ATA nanoparticles were found to have comparable drug efficacy as ATA in free form where the cell inhibition rate on cancer cells were in the range of 80-90% after 72 hours of treatment. Toxicity screening of free ATA and ATA nanoparticles in the zebrafish model was also carried out and the ATA nanoparticles were found to reduce the toxic effects of free ATA. Higher concentrations of free ATA at 20 μM and 40 μM were found to cause developmental malformations and mortality in zebrafish. A further study on whether ATA possessed cardioprotective effects against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiac toxicity was carried out. Safe concentrations of free ATA were used to treat zebrafish embryos together with the usage of 50 μM of DOX. The results revealed the use of 5 μM and 10 μM was able to alleviate the DOX-induced cardiac toxicity as shown from lower incidences of cardiac abnormalities and higher heart rates compared to the group treated with solely DOX.
Dissenting Opinion Hakim Dalam Perkara Pembatalan Hibah di Pengadilan Agama Gorontalo

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research aims to find out and analyze whether the judge's dissenting opinion in case No.0687/Pdt.G/2017/PA.Gtlo regarding the cancellation of this grant provides justice for the parties. The method used in this research is normative juridical with a statutory approach (statute aproach) and a case approach (case aoprouch). The results of this research show that dissenting opinions provide justice for the parties because having a dissenting opinion provides something that is really needed by the parties where the parties feel that their arguments are heard and considered and not set aside by the panel of judges.
The Effect of Green Marketing Strategy on Customer Loyalty Mediated by Brand Image

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This research aims to know the role of brand image to mediate the influence of green marketing on The Body Shop brand loyalty of beauty products. This research was conducted with 150 respondents in the city of Malang and used the purposive sampling method. Methods of data collection used a questionnaire distributed through google forms. The data analysis technique used was Structural Equation Model (SEM) with Partial Least Square (PLS) approaches. Based on the results, green marketing had a positive and significant impact on brand image. Green marketing had a positive and significant impact on consumer loyalty. The brand image had a positive and significant impact on consumer loyalty. The brand image could significantly mediate the influence of green marketing on consumer loyalty beauty products of The Body Shop. These results revealed that the greater the green marketing gained and perceived by consumers was, the greater the sense of brand image and consumer loyalty arose from The Body Shop’s consumers.
Clinical and radiological outcomes of the first metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis with Kirschner wires for the treatment of severe hallux valgus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To present the clinical and radiographic outcomes of metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis of the hallux with crossed Kirschner wires and cerclage for the treatment of severe hallux valgus. Methods: Twenty-nine feet of 21 consecutive patients who underwent metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis to correct severe hallux valgus between March 2011 and April 2018 were clinically and radiographically evaluated. Results: After an average follow-up period of 42 months, 17 feet (58.6%) generated a response of total satisfaction with the procedure and 12 (41.4%) a response of satisfied with reservations; none of the patients were dissatisfied. Pain assessed using the visual analog scale improved from a mean of 8 before the procedure to 1.2 at follow-up. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score improved from a mean of 26.5 points before the procedure to 78 points at follow-up. The hallux valgus angle improved from a mean of 38.5° in the preoperative period to 13.1° at follow-up, i.e., an improvement of 25.4°. The intermetatarsal angle improved from a mean of 18.8° in the preoperative period to 15° at follow-up. Consolidation of arthrodesis occurred in all cases, but reintervention was required to remove the hardware in 17 operated feet (58.6%). Conclusion: Metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis with crossed Kirschner wires and cerclage for the treatment of severe hallux valgus produced high rates of satisfaction, with substantial improvement in pain and functional parameters, consolidation in all cases and excellent radiological correction, but had the drawback high rate of reintervention for hardware removal. Level of Evidence IV; Therapeutic Study; Case Series.
Reading The Blacks through the 1956 Preface: Politics and Betrayal

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

It is becoming increasingly apparent that Jean Genet's small body of work dating from the mid-1950s to the early 1960s—The Balcony, The Blacks and The Screens—is one of the most politically astute theatre5 that we possess. Unlike the plays of Jean-Paul Sartre, Genet's earliest biographer, and, to a certain extent, those of Bertolt Brecht, a playwright whose work he detested, Genet's influence has grown to the point where he is now considered, by some, as the most politically sophisticated dramatist of his generation.1 According to Marie Redonnet, for instance, 'Genet is very much our contemporary. He's the only one who saw with lucidity what the new face of the enemy would look like' (2000, p. 156).2 Redonnet is not alone in her claims. In a recent article, Rustom Bharucha argues that the geo-political tensions produced by 11 September 2001 have finally disclosed the profound political significance of Genet's theatre: [T]o process [Genet's] radical insights into our own practice today … we have to find the courage to betray him imaginatively, not to disprove his politics and reject its anarchist affinities, but rather to test these affinities within the interruptions of the 'real' in the global terror of our times. Genet challenges us to spell out our politics in relation to where he stands. (2003, p. 24)
Selective reductive dimerization of homocubane series oximes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The mixture of di- and monoethylene ketals obtained by the reaction of 1,9-dibromopentacyc lo[5.4.0.02,6.03,10.05,9]-undeca-8,11-dione followed by hydrolysis and ring contraction by Faworsky method was converted into a mixture of ethylene ketals of 7-bromopentacyclo[5.3.0.02,5.03,9.04,8]decan-6-one-4- and 5-bromopentacyclo[5.3.0.02,5.03,9.04,8]decan-6-one-8-carboxylic acid where the carboxy group was replaced by bromine along the procedure of Hunsdiecker-Borodine-Cristol. 6-Ethylene ketal of the pentacyclo[5.3.0.02,5.03,9.04,8] decan-6-one obtained by the debromination of ethylene ketals of 4,7- and 5,8-dibromopentacyclo[5.3.0.02,5.03,9.04,8] decan-6-one was hydrolyzed to ketone whose oxime was selectively reduced on a platinum catalyst into the di-6-pentacyclo[5.3.0.02,5.03,9.04,8]decylamine. The reaction of reductive dimerization was also characteristic of pentacyclo[4.3.0.02,5.03,8.04,7]-nonan-9-one and pentacyclo[6.3.0.02,6.03,10.05,9]undecan-4-one oximes, whereas the composition of the reduction products of pentacyclo[5.4.0.02,6.03,10.05,9]undecan-8-one oxime depended on the amount of the catalyst.
Is It a Violation of the Right to Leave to Prevent Migrants from Crossing the Border to Another State?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The research presented in this video looks into the rightfulness of engaging other states in the protection of EU borders. This happens when EU member states cooperate with the migrants’ countries of origin or transit countries in order to hinder refugees from crossing the border, e.g. by providing training or boats for border patrols. As NORA MARKARD explains, one central finding is that when a EU state outsources migration control it still remains liable for possible human rights violations that happen during border protection measures – even if carried out by a third state. Furthermore, she elucidates that preventing somebody from leaving a country only in a specific way or direction is still an interference with the human right to leave.
The Accumulation of Protein in the Oviduct of the Fowl

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

THERE is considerable variation in total egg weight in a series of eggs laid on consecutive days by an individual hen. Scott (1938) concluded that the major part of this variation, associated with the position of the egg within the clutch, is due primarily to differences in the amount of white, the first egg being larger than subsequent eggs because of a greater white content. To explain this phenomenon, it is necessary to know how the egg white is formed in the oviduct. It might be that all, or most of the protein of the white is synthesized from blood constituents during the time the egg is passing through the magnum or albumen-secreting part of the oviduct. On the other hand, it seems more likely that the proteins of the white are continuously synthesized from blood constituents, stored in the secretory glands of the magnum, and released from these glands . . .
Clinical Considerations on the Root Coverage of Gingival Recessions in Thin or Thick Biotype

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Gingival biotype is a clinical term used to describe the thickness of the gingiva. It has been classified as being thick or thin and may be related to the clinical outcome of root coverage procedures. This study evaluated the impact of gingival biotype on the clinical outcome of root coverage procedures following subepithelial connective tissue graft plus coronally positioned flap. A total of 19 patients, 10 with thin and 9 with thick gingival biotype, were treated for localized Miller Class I or II gingival recessions. After 6 months, 14 patients achieved complete root coverage, 7 from each group. The overall mean pooled root coverage rate was 90.93%. The thin biotype cases yielded a reduced mean root coverage of 88.51% compared with 93.63% for patients who had the thick biotype classification. Although the thin gingival biotype may impair the clinical outcome of root coverage procedures, this limitation does not appear to have a strong influence on the success of the root coverage therapy when subepithelial connective tissue graft was associated with the coronal positioning of the flap.