jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Influence of carbon emission reduction of enterprises on economic growth under climate warming

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Global warming, as the main feature of the climate problem, is gradually coming into our field of vision. Under this background, Poisson jump is applied to describe the arrival of natural disasters caused by global warming. Households and firms can dynamically update their beliefs about the arrival rate of disasters. In order to mitigate global warming, firms pay a share of the cost to reduce the carbon emissions in the process of production. In this paper, we discuss the social planner equilibrium and the competitive equilibrium, respectively, and obtain the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equations of value function in both contexts. Then, the equations are numerically simulated, leading to the following conclusions: under the same level of pessimism, investments and values of firms, as well as household consumption, all decrease as the emission abatement rate increases, and the social welfare is almost unchanged compared to the situation without the cost of emission reduction. Furthermore, in order to deal with the short-term adverse effects on the economy caused by emission reductions, the government subsidy is introduced into the model. The results show that, under the same level of pessimism, the government subsidy drives the growth of investment and consumption. The value of the firms that pay the emission abatement has been boosted, and economic growth rate has risen to a certain degree, while social welfare remains almost the same.
Thinking With Encounters

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Adventures of relevance are inventive undertakings in knowledge-making. But in what sense are such inquiries inventive? In 'The Risks of Invention', Savransky argues that an account of 'invention' attuned to the question of relevance involves the risk of conjoining 'fabrication' and 'discovery', and of devising a new concept of 'objectivity'. Taking this risk seriously requires the construction of a space that can resist a longstanding but false dualism in social science, that between 'realism' and 'constructivism'. Challenging contemporary critiques of objectivity in the social sciences from the perspective of the concept of relevance, Savransky proposes that objectivity be thought pragmatically, as a vector of risk—a way of enabling the objects of social inquiry to object to the questions that are posed to them.
Typhidot (IgM) as a reliable and rapid diagnostic test for typhoid fever

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Typhoid fever still continues to be a major public health problem, particularly in developing countries. A simple, reliable, affordable, and rapid diagnostic test has been a long-felt need of the clinicians. We, therefore, prospectively evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of Typhidot (IgM), a serological test to identify IgM antibodies against Salmonella typhi. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, Apollo Hospital, Bangalore between January 2009 and March 2009 on a total of 186 samples from clinically suspected febrile patients. Blood culture as well as Typhidot test was performed for each of the cases. Results: Out of 61 clinically diagnosed typhoid fever, 50 were blood culture positive for S. typhi all 50 were Typhidot (IgM) positive and 11 were missed out on both. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the test using blood culture as gold standard were 100%, 95.5%, 89.2%, and 100%, respectively for typhoid fever. Conclusion: Typhidot (IgM) test is rapid, easy to perform, and reliable for diagnosing typhoid fever, and useful for small, less equipped laboratories as well as for the laboratories with better facilities in typhoid endemic countries.
Russia’s Perception and Hierarchy of Security Threats

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As Russian President Vladimir Putin enters his second term and Russia embarks on the course toward modernization (some experts would call it authoritarian modernization, though), the country is approaching an important phase in its development. The general message sent by the modernization process is the end of the transition period in Russian politics and economy, which will require the formulation of new tasks for the future. Among them, it will be necessary to reassess Russia’s place in the world and to see how to ensure the country’s competitiveness (a fashionable word for the Russian establishment) in the global arena. Therefore, the Russian perception of security threats becomes a subject of extreme importance. Meanwhile, all the major conceptual documents behind the modernization process were approved as long ago as 2000—i.e., before the major shifts in international relations that have taken place in the past five years. At the time of their elaboration, the authors did their best to predict the trends of global development and tried to make the formulas as abstract as possible. Somehow, they succeeded in grasping some of the prevailing tendencies (e.g., NATO’s use of force beyond the traditional areas of responsibility and without authorization of the UN Security Council) and in foreseeing, for example, the increasing influence of the international terrorist threat on the world’s security situation. This has helped to preserve the relevance of certain elements of Russia’s National Security Concept and Military Doctrine. However, as usual, the interpretation was more important than the facts and, regrettably, the perception contained in the 2000 doctrines is partly outdated today and contains certain hints of Cold War thinking. The 2000 National Security Concept gives a broad vision of Russian national security interests and the key factors affecting them. It starts with economic security issues, and clearly emphasizes the importance of the downgrading of the Russian economy, and especially its technological potential, its evident orientation on the export of raw materials and fuel, the stagnation of the agriculture and banking sectors, and the brain drain that has resulted in technological dependence. The World Bank report on Russia’s development issued in 2004 indicates that not much has changed since then, and predicts that the influence of energy export will only increase in the foreseeable future. This will not only be connected with high oil prices, but also with the government’s need for extra resources to implement Putin’s presidential ambitions (doubling of the GDP by 2010, and cutting poverty in half in the next three years) and the lack of alternative sources of revenue other than export duties and taxation on oil and gas. The social threats highlighted in the report include uncontrolled migration, secessionism and economic disintegration of the state, diminishments in the effectiveness of the legal system, depreciation of spiritual values, extremism, the worsening crime
Artificial Intelligent Based Arrhythmia Identification Via Single Lead Ecg Recording

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Electrocardiogram (ECG) represents the electrical activities of our heart. It provides various information about our heart status such as cardiac disorder or arrhythmia. ECG has become the most common diagnostic tool in heart analysis as well as in monitoring for cardiac problem. In the past century, arrhythmia has become the most common heart disease, showing the least symptoms while having the greatest effect toward the victims. Despite the plenty of studies that have been done in Arrhythmia detection, it problematic as Arrhythmia may only happen periodically. The main goal of this study is to develop an artificial neural network based algorithm which is able to classify the ECG rhythm. At the first stage, the ECG signal is classified into noisy ECG and clean ECG. Only clean ECG signal will be fetched into the second stage to be classified into Arrhythmia or Normal Sinus rhythm. Different features have been used in both stages and been fetched into trained MLP neural network for classification purpose. At first stage classification, 6 features have been selected as input and 15 number of neurons in hidden layer have been used. Meanwhile at the second stage, 4 features have been selected as input and 40 numbers of hidden layer’s neuron has been used. Final accuracy of 83.3% has been achieved during the training stage by using 300 training data. Final score of 0.7076 (Perfect score = 1) has been achieved when the 8528 data has been fetched into the developed neural network. In conclusion, suitable features have been identified which are average and standard deviation of heart rate and R-peak amplitude. Finally, a high accuracy neural network has been developed in this study.
The impact of mutation at the At3g55360 locus (cer10) results in a reduction in the cell length of Arabidopsis thaliana.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Arabidopsis thaliana has been widely used for genetic analysis in plants due to the vast amount of information available to researchers. The impact of mutations at the At3g55360 locus of A. thaliana genome has been explored by many researchers. More specifically the cer 10 mutant has a transcriptional knockout mutation that prevents the synthesis of Enoyl-CoA Reductase, which is vital for facilitating cell elongation. This study explored the morphological impacts of the cer10 mutation on the cell length of A. thaliana . Results were collected for cell and leaf lengths across 3 wild and mutant type A. thaliana groups with different planting dates. The means, 95% confidence intervals and t-tests were calculated for samples with n > 3. The average cell lengths ranged from 57.9μm to 68.9μm in wild type cells and 36.2μm to 51.9μm in mutant type cells. Significant differences in average cell length between wild and mutant types were observed at day 28, 49 and 56. Based on the significant differences in the 95% confidence intervals between genotypes of A. thaliana along with the t-test analysis from days 28, 49, and 56 after planting, we can reject the null hypothesis and lend support to the alternate hypothesis that average length of mutant type leaf cells is less than the average cell lengths observed in wild type Arabidopsis thaliana of the same age.
The Use of Genetic Algorithm in PCB Scheduling Problem: Case Study in Electronic Industry

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Production planning and scheduling functions play important roles in production especially to ensure the availability of manufacturing resources needed to accomplish production tasks.This paper proposes the use of Genetic Algorithm in solving scheduling problems and the case study has been conducted in printed circuit board assembly company.Genetic algorithm formulation included chromosome representations and genetic operators have been developed to suit the scheduling problems that take into account the alternative production lines.Simulation results have been compared to the manual schedules.It shown that the genetic algorithm is capable to produce schedules with shorter assembly time.It is can accommodate additional elements such as maintainance time quite easily.This is done by adding the maintenance time slot within the chromosome.Another experiment has been done by using dispatching rule in sequencing the models on the assembly lines.Genetic Algorithms have shown a promising results compared to manuan and dispatching rule.
5953 Sats Sats Baby – Improving routine pulse oximetry screening on NIPE

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives

Early pulse oximetry screening (POS) identifies babies with congenital heart disease (CHD) and other pathologies that without early detection could lead to postnatal collapse.1 POS is intended for well, asymptomatic babies and should ideally be performed at 4–12 hours of life. Routine POS was introduced on Newborn and Infant Physical Examination (NIPE) checks in Royal Jubilee Maternity Hospital Belfast in August 2022.

Methods

Snapshot audits were conducted on all of the postnatal wards to monitor adherence to the routine POS guideline. It was noted that there was an initial suboptimal completion of POS and further education sessions were provided to staff involved in NIPE checks. In addition, a new format of NIPE documentation was introduced with POS specified. A further snapshot audit was conducted after the implementation of these changes in May-July 2023. Data was collected including: SpO2 recordings at POS, age at POS, record keeping and the management of abnormal POS.

Results

Initial audit findings in October 2022 and December 2022 showed 60% (56/94) and 74% (76/103) of babies respectively had routine POS as part of NIPE checks. The re- audit in July 2023 following education sessions and changes to the NIPE documentation showed 96% (49/51) of babies had routine POS, with some postnatal wards achieving 100% compliance. Of these babies, 29% had POS in the first 24 hours of life, and 80% within first 48 hours of life. 2 babies were admitted to NNU with low SpO2 recordings and required further investigations including Chest X-Ray and echocardiogram; both were subsequently diagnosed with transitional circulation. No babies were diagnosed with critical CHD.

Conclusion

There has been significant improvement in compliance with routine POS as part of NIPE checks with staff training and the new documentation format. Although there have been no cases of critical CHD detected on POS to date, the screening test is now fully implemented with almost all babies (96%) receiving POS in our unit. Furthermore, most babies (80%) have their NIPE check completed within the first 48 hours of life.

Reference

Singh A, et al. The impact of routine predischarge pulse oximetry screening in a regional neonatal unit. Arch Dis Child Foetal Neonatal Ed. 2014;99:F253-F253.
Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloy in Reconstructive Osteosynthesis in Patients With Zygomatico-Orbital Complex Fractures

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

At the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University 120 patients with zygomatico-orbital complex fractures were treated during the period from 2011 to 2015. Different methods of the osteosynthesis are presented and discussed. Successful application experience of superelastic nickelid titanium mesh and porous nickelid titanium implants for the lower orbital wall reconstruction was reviewed.
Effect of sildenafil in the management of preoperative pulmonary hypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disabling chronic disorder of the pulmonary vasculature, which is characterized by increased pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) as a result of increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). The most accepted hemodynamic definition of PH is a mean PAP >25 mmHg. It is accidentally discovered preoperatively through performing an echocardiogram in patients suspected of having PH, as these patients suffer from dyspnea which is the most frequently presenting symptom. Additional symptoms include fatigue, weakness, angina, syncope, and lower limb edema. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of preoperative oral sildenafil administration in the management of pulmonary hypertensive patients scheduled for non-cardiac surgery. Patients and methods: 30 Patients, (ASA II–III), suffering from pulmonary hypertension and scheduled for non-cardiac surgery were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Group I received 25 mg sildenafil twice daily for one week before surgery. Group II received placebo in the same way. PAP, LVEF and RVEF (through echocardiogram), heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, SpO2 (oxygen saturation), functional class and 6-min walk distance were measured and recorded at baseline and one week after treatment in both groups. Results: Sildenafil significantly reduced PAP and improved exercise tolerance, functional class, 6-min walk distance and SpO2 without significant alteration of heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure. Conclusion: The study showed effective and safe administration of preoperative oral sildenafil in the management of pulmonary hypertensive patients scheduled for non-cardiac surgery.
A New Procedure to Analyze RNA Non-Branching Structures

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

RNA structure prediction and structural motifs analysis are challenging tasks in the investigation of RNA function. We propose a novel procedure to detect structural motifs shared between two RNAs (a reference and a target). In particular, we developed two core modules: (i) nbRSSP_extractor, to assign a unique structure to the reference RNA encoded by a set of non-branching structures; (ii) SSD_finder, to detect structural motifs that the target RNA shares with the reference, by means of a new score function that rewards the relative distance of the target non-branching structures compared to the reference ones. We integrated these algorithms with already existing software to reach a coherent pipeline able to perform the following two main tasks: prediction of RNA structures (integration of RNALfold and nbRSSP_extractor) and search for chains of matches (integration of Structator and SSD_finder).
Music teacher training institutions in Turkey and a research about today's general condition of these institutions

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Music teacher training process in Turkey started in 1924 in Ankara with the foundation of Musiki Muallim Mektebi (Music Teacher Training School). In years, the number of these institutions increased in different regions and reached the number of 23. Today, more than 800 students are being educated as a music teacher at these music teacher training schools. At all these institutions, centralized music teacher training curriculum that was prepared by the specialists working at Y.Ö.K. (Higher Education Council) is currently used. Despite that the same curriculum is used in each institution, there are variations among institutions both academically and physically, and even in the instruments that are taught and in their applications. In the present study the academic staff dispersions, building features, equipment adequacy, the variation of instruments that are taught, and the association with music establishments abroad of the institutions were investigated in order to determine the general conditions and the differences among the departments that graduating music teachers in 23 provinces. It is assumed that the current research will help in providing the necessary conditions to serve quality education for music teacher trainees as a result of determining the general state of the institutions that educate music teacher trainees. For this specific reason the present study is considered significant.
Glucocorticoid-induced microRNA-378 signaling mediates the progression of pancreatic cancer by enhancing autophagy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used in tumor therapy to reduce tumor growth, inflammation, edema, and other side effects. Controversially, GCs may also cause the progression of epithelial tumors involving highly aggressive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Because microRNA (miR) and autophagy signaling support the invasive growth of PDAC, we asked whether these mechanisms may be targeted by GCs. Six established human PDAC cell lines, tissue from patients who received GC medication (n = 35) prior to surgery, or not (n = 35), and tumor xenografts were examined by RT‒qPCR, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, gene array and Kaplan‒Meier analysis with bioinformatics, and MTT, western blot, colony, spheroid, migration, and invasion assays. We found that various GCs, including dexamethasone (DEX), induced typical features of macroautophagy with the appearance of autolysosomes, enhanced LC3-II, decreased SQSTM1/p62 expression and induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and gemcitabine resistance. The GC receptor (GR) antagonist mifepristone (RU486) counteracted DEX-induced autophagy features, suggesting that the GC-GR complex is involved in the induction of autophagy. The autophagy-related miR-378i and miR-378a-3p were selected as the top upregulated candidates, and their high expression in PDAC patient tissue correlated with low survival. siRNA-mediated downregulation of miR-378 inhibited DEX-induced autophagy, colony and spheroid formation, wound healing, invasion, migration, and tumor progression. Bioinformatics confirmed the contribution of miR-378 to the regulation of signaling networks involved in GC-induced autophagy and tumor progression. The construction of a molecular docking model revealed stable binding of miR-378 to the DEX-GR complex, suggesting direct regulation. These substantial, novel, in-depth data reveal that GCs favor autophagy-mediated cancer progression by inducing miR-378 and GR binding and implicate GR and miR-378 as new therapeutic targets.
Disorders of Platelets and Coagulation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract This chapter begins with an outline of the process of normal hemostasis and reviews the laboratory tests used to assess hemostasis. It then reviews the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of the most important hemostatic disorders. Although diagnosis and treatment rely heavily on laboratory tests, it is crucial to emphasize the critical importance of the history and physical examination in assessing patients suspected of having a hemostatic disorder. A careful history will provide an assessment of the likelihood of a disorder and is sometimes positive even when initial screening tests are normal. In addition, the history can help focus the workup on platelets or coagulation proteins. The physical exam can provide important clues to the nature of the bleeding disorder and should not be overlooked.
Improving Performance of Hybrid Zn-Ce Redox Flow Battery by Controlling Ion Crossover and Use of Mixed Acid Positive Electrolyte

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

In this study, the crossover of the electroactive species Zn(II), Ce(III), Ce(IV) and H+ across a Nafion 117 membrane was measured experimentally during the operation of a bench-scale hybrid Zn-Ce redox flow battery containing 0.8 mol/L cerium methanesulfonate in 4 mol/L methanesulfonic acid (MSA) or 2 mol/L MSA–0.5 mol/L H2SO4 mixed acid on the positive side and 1.5 mol/L ZnMSA in 1 mol/L MSA on the negative side. As much as 36% of the initial Zn(II) ions transferred from the negative to the positive electrolyte and 42.5% of the H+ in the positive electrolyte crossed over to the negative electrolyte after 30 charge-discharge cycles. Both of these phenomena contributed to the steady fade in battery performance over the course of operation. Based on these findings, additional experiments were conducted in which different amounts of Zn(II) were intentionally added to the positive electrolytes. This action was shown to have several beneficial effects: by reducing the crossover of Zn(II) from the negative electrolyte to the positive electrolyte, the battery coulombic and voltage efficiencies both improved, the decay of battery performance over the 30 charge-discharge cycles was reduced, the kinetics of the Ce(III)/Ce(IV) redox couple were enhanced, and inhibition of O2 evolution was observed. The average energy efficiency over 30 charge-discharge cycles was increased by 19.7% by adding 0.6 mol/L Zn(II) to 4 mol/L MSA positive supporting electrolyte and 6.4% by adding 0.4 mol/L Zn(II) to 2 mol/L MSA–0.5 mol/L H2SO4.