jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Transfusion-Transmissible T. Pallidum Infection and Coinfection with HIV, HBV and HCV among Voluntary Blood Drive Donors from Selected Senior High Schools in Tamale

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum and is a current systemic disease of public health concern. In 2022, global estimates of syphilis cases reached 700,000 with widespread consequences including 150,000 perinatal deaths and 70,000 neonatal deaths. Com pared to global research, little has been done to assess and synthesize the disease trends within high-risk categories in sub-Saharan Africa including Ghana. This cross sectional survey evaluated the seropreva lence of syphilis and its coinfections with HIV, HBV, and HCV among blood drive donors from selected Senior High Schools (SHSs) within the Tamale metropolis who form a sexually active risk group. The study included 119 donors between 17 and 25 years who consented and met eligibility criteria of the Na tional Blood Service, Ghana. 5 ml of each donor’s blood sample was aliquoted into an EDTA-coated test tube and centrifuged after which the serum obtained was screened for syphilis, HIV, HBV and HCV using the respective Fortress Diagnostics ELISA test kit. Data obtained was analysed using SPSS version 26. Figures were constructed with GraphPad Prism 10. A seroprevalence of 4.2 % was obtained for syphilis among subjects. Of all syphilis positive cases, 20 % had a coinfection with HIV suggesting that syphilis may facilitate the transmission of HIV. Syphilis was the most predominant infection among subjects com pared to HIV, HBV, and HCV. There was a significant gender disparity in the trend of infection with more males testing positive for syphilis than females, suggesting that males are at a higher risk of contracting STIs. Our data underscores the need to target second cycle institutions for public health interventions as these infections are circulating among youngsters in SHSs and are at high risk of syphilis infection.
Antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities of selected plants from Asteraceae family related to Alzheimer’s disease: A review

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is often associated with deficit levels of neurotransmitters acetylcholine (ACh) due to hydrolysis by acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Oxidative damage is also found to contribute to AD. Since neurons are vulnerable to high amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), damaged neurons lead to declined cognitive and learning abilities. In addition, the current medications for AD pose worrying side effects to AD patients. Hence, more efforts have been made to discover the potential of plants in providing safer alternatives for AD treatment since they are rich with bioactive compounds like phenolics and flavonoids. The scope of this review is narrowed to Asteraceae family plants: Achillea filipendulina, Achillea millefolium, Artemisia herba-alba, Calendula officinalis, Enhydra fluctuans and Hertia cheirifolia. In the present study, the relationship between total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant property have been investigated in these plants subjected to different extraction techniques, plant parts, solvent polarity, type of extracts and plant harvesting period. Effects of these factors in anti-AChE activity were also discussed. Besides that, the possible synergistic effects between antioxidant and anti-AChE in the plants have been identified. The summarised results have proven that different extraction parameters bring about different bioactivity intensities. Next, results showed a strong, positive relationship between TPC, TFC and antioxidant activity except for C. officinalis where its root methanolic extract demonstrated an opposite trend. Furthermore, possible dual effects in plants were detected in four out of five plants reviewed except for A. herba-alba methanolic extract whereby the plant exhibited greater antioxidant properties while its essential oil demonstrated stronger anti-AChE properties. This study emphasized the paramount importance of considering all factors that influence the composition of bioactive compounds and their desired biological activities. Moreover, our findings on the knowledge of possible dual effects in selected plants could advance the development of therapeutic drugs in AD treatment.
Timing of Elective Cesarean Section and Neonatal Outcomes in Term Singleton Deliveries: A Single-Center Experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the timing of elective cesarean sections at 37 to 41 weeks from a tertiary hospital in Japan. The primary outcome was the rate of adverse neonatal outcomes, especially focusing on neonates delivered at 38 weeks of gestation. Study Design The study population was drawn from singleton pregnancies delivered following planned cesarean birth at the Fukuda Hospital from 2012 to 2019. Information on deliveries was obtained from the hospital database, which contains clinical, administrative, laboratory, and operating room databases. Results After excluding women with chronic conditions, maternal complications, indications for multiple births, or a neonate with an anomaly, 2,208 neonates remained in the analysis. Among adverse neonatal outcomes, the rate was significantly higher in neonates delivered at 37 weeks of gestation (unadjusted odds ratio [OR] = 13.22 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.28, 27.86], p < 0.001) or 38 weeks of gestation (unadjusted OR = 1.82 [95% CI: 1.04, 3.19], p = 0.036) compared with neonates delivered at 39 to 41 weeks. The adjusted risk of any adverse outcome was significantly higher at 380–1/7 weeks (adjusted OR = 2.40 [95% CI: 1.35, 4.30], p = 0.003) and 382–3/7 weeks (adjusted OR = 1.89 [95% CI: 1.04, 3.44], p = 0.038) compared with neonates delivered at 39 to 41 weeks, respectively. Conclusion Our findings suggest that elective cesarean sections might be best scheduled at 39 weeks or later. When considering a cesarean at 38 weeks, it appears that 384/7 weeks of gestation or later could be a preferable timing in the context of reducing neonatal risks. However, as the composite outcome includes mostly minor conditions, the clinical significance of this finding needs to be carefully interpreted. Key Points
Application Effect Report of Controlled-release Urea in Rice in Mid-Liaoning

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A field experiment was conducted on the one shot bottom application of controlled-release urea in rice in the middle pat of Liaoning province in 2010.The results show that there is a dramatic increase in yields after one shot bottom application of controlledrelease urea in rice in the middle pat of Liaoning province compared with application of common urea.The increase in yields in Kaiyuan and Dashiqiao is 31.1～57.0 kg /667 m2,or at a rate of 5.9%～10.9%;that in Liaozhong is 34.7～88.9 kg /667 m2,or at a rate of 10.1%～ 21.3%.
SH485485.07FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
A Mixed Initial Boundary Value Problem for the Degasperis-Procesi Equation on a Bounded Interval

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we investigate the following mixed initial boundary value problem for the Degasperis-Procesi equation 8 0; x 2 (0; 1) u(t; 0) = ux(t; 1) = 0;u(t; 1) = uxx(t; 1); t > 0 u(0; x) = u0(x) : We establish local well-posedness to it by using Kato's theorem for abstract quasilinear evolu- tion equation of hyperbolic type. A blow-up result is also presented.
Massenmedien

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Mit dem Begriff Medienpolitik wird ein eigenständiges, in seinen sozialen, zeitlichen und sachlichen Dimensionen offenes Handlungssystem bezeichnet, das vorrangig durch Kommunikation konstituiert wird und sich auf die Massenmedien als Regelungsfeld bezieht (Jarren/Donges 1997: 239; Donges 2002). Gegenstand von Medienpolitik ist die öffentliche Kommunikation innerhalb einzelner Massenmedien, wobei traditionell die Politikfelder Pressepolitik, Rundfunkpolitik und der noch etwas diffuse Bereich der Neuen Medien (Internet, Onlinedienste etc.) unterschieden werden können. Medienpolitik hebt ab auf die Regulierung der Rahmenbedingungen, unter denen Kommunikationsaussagen innerhalb dieser Medien entstehen und verbreitet werden. Medienpolitik ist damit zu unterscheiden von der politischen Kommunikation, in der staatliche und politische Akteure selbst als Kommunikatoren tätig werden (Vowe 2003).
The role of prostaglandins in the regulation of blood pressure with special reference to vascular reactivity.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The role of prostaglandins (PGs) in the regulation of blood pressure was analysed from the point of view of vascular reactivity to PGs and also of PG-induced modulation of pressor response. The vasodepressor effect of PGE1 was more sensitive in the patients with essential hypertension than in the normotensive subjects. In the normotensive subjects or in rats, pressor response to norepinephrine was modulated by PGE1, enhanced under treatment with indomethacin, an inhibitor of PG biosynthesis, and suppressed under an infusion of PGE1. These results indicate that pressor response to norepinephrine is modulated by exogenous and endogenous PGs. The PG-induced modulation disappeared after chemical sympathectomy, suggesting that the PG-induced modulation of pressor response is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system. In sympathetic neurotransmission, PGs could play an important role in the regulation of norepinephrine release. Renal content of norepinephrine was reduced under treatment with indomethacin, indicating an enhanced release of norepinephrine and an enhanced turnover of norepinephrine in the kidneys under treatment with indomethacin. These results suggest that a deficient state of PG may enhance the pressor response and norepinephrine release. As there is much evidence indicating that the reduction of PG synthesis in patients and animals with hypertension, vascular reactivity to PGs and PG-induced modulation of pressor response may play significant roles in the regulation of blood pressure and could be causal factors of hypertension.
Interactive design of curved-crease-folding

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Building on the historic work of Huffman (Demaine et al. 2011), there has been increasing recent interest in the digital design and architectural application of curved-crease folded (CCF) geometries. This is particularly timely, given the new possibilities of producing curved surfaces from flat sheet material afforded by developments in robotic technology. However there are difficulties in interactively modelling such geometries, which stem from the lack of both appropriate geometric descriptions and constructive tools available in commercial CAD software. The author’s initial survey of methods included both the iterative optimization-based methods and simple constructive methods. Most methods presented difficulties for incorporation within an intuitive, real-time, edit-and-observe exploratory method. This research overcomes attempts to overcome these difficulties through the use of Dynamic Relaxation (DR) (Day 1965) for the interactive modelling of CCF geometries. It applies discrete differential operators and their gradients(Meyer et al. 2003), within a DR framework, to perturb meshes to satisfy the geometric criteria of CCF geometries outlined in Kilian et al. (2008). This research also outlines procedural strategies for generating appropriate topologies of an initial mesh, and a novel method for applying boundary conditions. The dissertation also includes a broad overview of existing methods to model developable surfaces, simulate elasto-plastic behaviour of thin (inextensible) shells and 2D parameterization of 3D meshes.
The Study of the Impact of Natural Killer Cells and B Cells on the Familial Aggregation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Objective To investigate the effect of natural killer cells(NK cells) and B cells on the familial aggregation of hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods Ninety four familial members(observation group) with hepatocellular carcinoma in regions of high hepatocellular carcinoma incidence rate in Guangxi and 94 healthy controls(control group) matched with the same nationality,gender,about ±5 years of age,and residential area were selected.The levels of NK cells and B cells in the peripheral blood from the subjects were tested by flow cytometry.Results The level of NK cells in observation group was(15.03±7.05)%,while in control group was(15.03±7.05)%;the level of B cells in observation group was(6.27±2.72)%,while in control group was(5.90±2.52)%,there was no significant difference between the two groups in the level of NK and B cells(P0.05).The ratio of NK/B cells in observation group was 2.76±1.69,while in control group was 3.46±2.84,there was significant difference between the two groups(P0.05).Conclusion The significant reduction of the ratio between NK cells and B cells in the body might cause dysfunction of immune system,promote tumor development and induce familial aggregation of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Study and Analysis of Predictive Data Mining Approaches for Clinical Dataset

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Data Mining is an assortment of effective tool set to perform the statistical analysis on an immense dataset and to retrieve the valuable information from the dataset.In this work we have carried out an analytical survey on predictive data mining approaches on clinical dataset.The clinical dataset processing is one of the effective and most sensitive area which is studied under an expert environment.The present paper discusses KDD, data mining with reference to clinical expert system analysis, different applications and the approaches that can be used for the predictive data mining in same area.The scope of this paper is confined to the prediction of a person disease, based on symptoms dataset.The strength of data mining approaches in diverse clinical applications is also analyzed.
Pupils’ Ideas on Conservation during Changes in the State of Water

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The aim of this paper is to explore both the qualitative and quantitative dimensions of pupils' ideas relevant to conservation during the changes occurring in the physical state of water. For the study of these ideas a questionnaire was developed and applied to a large sample of primary and secondary students. The items of the questionnaire concern the phenomena of evaporation, boiling and condensation. The analysis of the data showed that qualitative understanding precedes quantitative. The latter is achieved by pupils of 14‐15 years old. Furthermore, our analysis showed that pupils acquire the school science view at an earlier age than that suggested in previous literature.
The Influence of Phenolphthalein on Intestinal Movements

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

THE time allotted to this paper will not permit of a detailed discussion of the history of phenolphthalein as a chemical reagent nor as a medicinal drug after the accidental discovery of its laxative properties. We know that it was introduced into therapeutics early in the present century and that it has come to be very largely used, perhaps the most largely used laxative drug in the pharmacopeia. As such, its importance justifies close inquiry into its pharmacological action and a careful appraisal of its therapeutic value. It would be interesting as well as of great scientific importance to learn just how this drug, or, for that matter, any drug, produces an increased motor activity of the bowel. As a preliminary to a consideration of this subject, it may be well to review briefly the prevalent ideas on the physiological action of laxatives. Some drugs of this class have been known and used for many hundreds of years, and it stands to reason that frequent attempts have been made to explain their action. Perhaps no more authoritative statement can be found than that made by Dr. A. R. Cushny in the eighth edition of his well-known work on Pharmacology, which appeared in 1924. In his discussion of purgatives in general, he said: “The ideal purgative is devoid of any effects whatsoever, save in the intestine; it passes through the stomach without materially deranging its function, and is not absorbed, or at any rate has no significant action after absorption.… The vegetable purgatives act through their irritant properties, which in some instances are elicited only by the action of the secretions of the intestines and of the neighboring glands.… The peristaltic movements of the intestine which move the contents along the canal arise from a complicated local reflex, which is aroused by the pressure of the contents on the sensory apparatus of the mucous membrane. This reflex may be increased (1) by anything that induces irritation of the mucous membrane and thus renders it more sensitive to the pressure of the contents, and (2) by increasing the bulk of the contents until they exert more pressure on the mucous surface.… In neither case is there any reason to suppose that the neuromuscular apparatus of the bowel is directly affected by the drugs; nor is the central nervous system implicated in the reflex, whether normal or exaggerated by the purgatives.” When considering the action of phenolphthalein his explanation was as follows: “In the bowel it is dissolved by the bile and alkali and develops a mild irritant action in the small intestine and more distinctly in the large one. Most of the phenolphthalein administered by the mouth is not absorbed but appears in the stools. A small amount undergoes absorption and is excreted by the kidney.… It has a mild laxative effect when injected subcutaneously and this arises from its being excreted into the bile and thus carried to the gut.
EFFECTS OF INSPIRATORY MUSCLE TRAINING ON INSPIRATORY MUSCLE STRENGTH AND SPRINT SWIMMING PERFORMANCE IN YOUNG FEMALE AND MALE SWIMMERS UČINEK VADBE ZA MOČ VDIŠNIH MIŠIC NA ŠPRINTERSKO ZMOGLJIVOST MLADIH PLAVALK IN PLAVALCEV

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on inspiratory muscle strength and sprint swimming performance in young swimmers. Twelve healthy participants (seven females, five males; age: 14 ± 1 years, height: 1.70 ± 0.06 m, body mass: 58 ± 9 kg) were divided into two groups: an experimental (Group E) and placebo IMT control (Group C). IMT was added to the usual daily swimming practice. It was performed twice daily for six weeks using a spring-loaded threshold inspiratory muscle trainer. Group E performed 30 dynamic inspiratory efforts against a pressure-threshold load of ~50% maximal inspiratory pressure. In contrast, Group C trained with a protocol involving 30 slowly protracted breaths against a pressure-threshold load of ~15% maximal inspiratory pressure. Participants completed the following tests in the same order in pre- and post-training: tests of pulmonary function, tests of respiratory muscle strength, and 50 m and 100 m swim time trials. After IMT, Group E showed higher inspiratory (+62 ± 42%; p=0.00) and expiratory muscle strength (+17 ± 10%; p=0.00) and swam the 50 m butterfly (+2 ± 2%; p=0.03) and the 100 m front crawl (+2 ± 2%; p=0.04) faster. However, the times in other sprint swimming trials (50 m front crawl and 50 m breaststroke), stroking and breathing characteristics did not change throughout the IMT in Group E. As expected, these parameters were unchanged in Group C. In conclusion, the IMT increased respiratory muscle strength in the young swimmers. However, these improvements are only partially transferable to sprint swimming performance.
Student Management of Web-Based Hypermedia Resources During Open-Ended Problem Solving

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Twelve middle school students' use of computer tools to manage and manipulate Internet-based hypermedia resources was investigated. Tools were proposed to support higher order thinking about hypermedia resources to help students find, frame, and resolve open-ended science problems. Tools alone were insufficient to help students manage hypermedia information for solving open-ended problems. Students more frequently applied lower order tool functions (e.g., information collection) than higher order tool functions (e.g., reasoning). Students typically resolved problems with original solutions, but tools were used infrequently to develop evidence-based arguments justifying new ideas. Computer tools alone may be insufficient to help students manage extensive hypermedia resources. Together with additional support structures, however, tool potential may be realized. Key Words: cognitive toolsconstructivismhypermediaqualitative researchscience education
The Effect of Moral Waivers on the Success of Navy Recruits

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examines the Navy's enlisted screening process and identifies success predictors through the analysis of moral waiver and attrition data for a two-year cohort (Calendar Years 2003 and 2004) compiled from three sources: (1) Personnel Recruiting for Immediate and Delayed Enlistments (PRIDE), (2) Military Entrance Processing Command (MEPCOM) Integrated Reporting System (MIRS), and (3) Navy Recruiting District (NRD) Nashville, Tennessee. Data comparisons were performed to measure the quality of existing waiver data. Historical success rates were then compared against moral waiver status, and logistic regression models were constructed to predict the following: (1) the long-term success of applicants from the beginning of the Delayed Entry Program (DEP) through first term, and (2) the success of sailors from the time they enter active duty. The data comparisons showed that MIRS recorded more waivers than PRIDE and that Nashville recorded more waivers than either MIRS or PRIDE. Results also showed that those sailors with moral waivers were actually more successful at completing DEP than those who enlisted without moral waivers. However, it was shown that those who required moral waivers were not as successful in the long term and were significantly more likely to be moral-related "losses" from active duty than those without moral waivers. Regression analysis showed that moral waivers are negative predictors of long-term success.