jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Inserting 'Culture' Into Multiculturalism: Conversations at the Field Museum, Chicago

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Le colloque Forum Nuveen tenu en juillet 1995 au musee de Chicago (Field Museum of Chicago) avait pour objectif la rencontre entre les anthropologues et le grand public sur le theme du pluralisme culturel. Les anthropologues etaient confrontes a des educateurs, des policiers, des leaders des droits civiques, des journalistes et des participants libres. Il s'agissait de traduire des concepts complexes de l'anthropologie et des idees afin de montrer leur impact sur un public confronte de maniere directe ou differente au pluralisme culturel. L'A. montre les possibilites et les limites, voir les dangers parfois, de la vulgarisation des concepts anthropologiques.
Boosting read-ahead efficiency for improved user experience on mobile devices

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Read-ahead schemes of page cache have been widely used to improve read performance of Linux systems. As Android system inherits the Linux kernel, traditional read-ahead schemes are directly applied in mobile devices. However, read request sizes and page cache sizes in mobile devices are much smaller than other platforms, which may decrease read-ahead efficiency and hurt user experience. The read-ahead efficiency is defined as hit pages / all pre-fetched pages in a sequential read. To study the efficiency of traditional read-ahead in mobile devices, this paper first observes that many pre-fetched pages are unused in page cache, which causes high page cache eviction ratio with high extra access latency. Then, this paper analyzes the factors that closely relate to the access latency. It is found that there exists a trade-off between read-ahead size and access latency. A size-tuning scheme is then proposed to explore this trade-off. Experimental results on real mobile devices have shown that the proposed scheme can reduce the number of pre-fetched pages and improve the efficiency of read-ahead without decreasing the page cache hit ratio.
Weed Management in Summer Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under South Gujarat Condition

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A field experiment was conducted during the summer 2023 at Agricultural experimental Station, Paria, Gujarat with the objectives to determine the effect of different weed management treatment on growth and yield of summer groundnut under south Gujarat condition. The experiment designed in randomized block design with four replications. The treatments were T1: unweeded control, T2: weed-free hand weeding at 20, 30, and 40 DAS, T3: pre-emergence application of pendimethalin (EC) at 1.0 kg/ha + 1 HW, T4: pre-emergence application of pendimethalin (CS) at 1.0 kg/ha + 1 HW, T5: pre-emergence application of flumioxazin (SC) @ 0.05 kg/ha + 1 HW, T6: pre-emergence application of diclosulam (WDG) at 20 g/ha (PE) + 1 HW; T7: pre-emergence application of pendimethalin (EC) at 1.0 kg/ha (PE) + imazamox + imazethapyr at 70 g/ha in pre-mix as post-emergence; T8: post-emergence application of propaquizafop (EC) at 75 g/ha. The results revealed that significantly higher values of growth parameter viz, plant height, yield attributing parameters viz., number pods per plant, shelling percentage, test weight, harvest index and pod as well as haulm yield were recorded under weed free (Hand weeding at 20, 30 and 40 DAS) (T2). Treatment T3 and T4 were found equally effective in recording higher values of growth parameters and yield attributes and yield than rest of treatments. Whereas weed management treatments did not excert any significant effect on oil content of groundnut. The highest net profit and B:C ratio were accrued from weed-free (T2), closely followed by pendimethalin EC @ 1.0 kg/ha as pre-emergence + 1 HW (T3) and pendimethalin CS @ 1.0 kg/ha as pre-emergence + 1 HW (T4). The results of the study showed that T2 (weed-free, hand-weeding at 20, 30, and 40 DAS) produced the best outcomes, whereas T3 and T4 herbicide treatments produced results that were comparable to T1.
PREVALENCE OF HIV-1 POLYMERASE GENE MUTATIONS IN PRE-TREATED PATIENTS IN THAILAND

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract. To determine the prevalence of drug resistance-conferring mutations in human immu-nodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), 83 HIV-1 infected Thai patients who had been treated with any antiretroviral drug were studied. HIV-1 RNA was reverse transcribed and amplified by RT-PCR. The direct sequencing of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease was then performed. Changes in nucleotide and amino acid sequences were determined by comparison with a pNL4-3 reference sequence. Data on mutations associated with resistance to antiretroviral drugs were obtained from literature. The mutations associated with lamivudine resistance (M184V/I) were found most often (in 45.7 % of individuals). Zidovudine-resistant mutants: T215Y/F (36%), M41L (28%) and K70R (25.3%) were common; but mutations linked to didanosine (L74V) and multinucleoside-resistant genotypes (Q151M) were rarely recognized (2.4 % and 3.6%, respec-tively). The stavudine-resistant mutant (V75T) and T69 insertions were not found. All subjects who had a significant exposure to antiretroviral drugs and current virological failure in the past carried drug-resistant genotypes. Genotypic resistance to zidovudine, lamivudine, zalcitabine, indinavir and ritonavir appeared in more than one third of the samples, which suggested that the prevalence of the HIV-1 resistance-conferring genotype resisting reverse transcriptase inhibitors and/or protease inhibitors was high in treatment experienced patients.
Breast-feeding in the Oxford Child Health Survey

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In a recent paper some of the social and biological factors which influenced the breast-feeding habits of mothers in the Oxford Child Health Survey were dis- cussed (Westropp, 1953).It remains to discover what special advantages, if any, were enjoyed by-the breastfed babies.In the following account the change-over from breastfeeding to artificial feeding is referred to as the weaning period.In a few cases complete breast-feeding was never established, but for most of the babies three distinct modes of feeding were represented in the first year: (1) Complete breast-feeding or pre-weaning period: during this phase the only additions to a diet of breast milk were vitamin concentrates.(2) Mixed feed- ing or weaning period: during this phase the babies were receiving breast milk and other liquid or solid foods:(3) " Other " feeding or post-weaning period: this phase began when the baby ceased to have any breast milk.Growth and Development For 142 of the 580 babies who remained in the Survey for a year, weaning began during the first month (group 1), and for 235 it was postponed for at least five months (group 4).In addition, there were 84 babies who began to be weaned in the second or third month (group 2) and 119 in the fourth or fifth month (group 3).The composition of these four feeding groups in respect of sex, parity, birth- weight, and parents' weights is shown in Table I.These TABLE .-Sex,Parity, Birth Weight, and Parental Weights of Four Groups of Babies Defined by Duration of Complete Breast-feeding Age in Avere Aver .gWeight Feed-Months at N.f y ?Brt (lb.)oGoup Pnse Babies Boys born
The Impact of Environmental Regulationon Green Innovation of Environmental Enterprisesin China: The Moderating Effect of R&DInvestment and Government Green Subsidies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The implementation of the New Environmental Protection Law (NEPL) in 2015 is a fundamental and effective way to strengthen environmental governance in China since the original version was released in 1989.This study explores whether environmental regulations affect the green innovations of environmental enterprises in China by treating the implementation of the New Environmental Protection Law (NEPL) as a quasi-natural experiment.Using green patent data from 419 A-share listed enterprises from 2012 to 2021, we find that the implementation of the NEPL increases the number of both green invention patent applications and green utility model patent applications in environmental industries.In addition, there is an accelerating effect because of sufficient R&D investment and a crowding-out effect because of excessive government subsidies.The research results also show that green patents of state-owned enterprises, large enterprises, and enterprises located in areas with strong environmental governance are significantly increased.These findings provide theoretical and empirical basics for the authorities to formulate more targeted policies to motivate innovations in environmental enterprises.
Hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in end-stage renal disease patients: Two decades of experience at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AIM: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common disease in Taiwan.The prevalence of viral hepatitis infection and the subsequent development of HCC are well known to be higher in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD) than among the general population.However, information on hepatic resection for ESRD-HCC patients is limited. METHODS:The clinical features of 26 ESRD-HCC patients who underwent hepatic resection from 1982 to 2001 were retrospectively reviewed.Meanwhile, the clinicopathological features and the outcome of 1 198 HCC patients without ESRD undergoing hepatic resection were used for comparison. RESULTS:Of 1 224 surgically resected HCC patients, 26 (4.2%) were ESRD-HCC.Univariate analysis revealed more associated disease, more physical signs of anemia and postoperative complications, lower hemoglobin, platelet, -fetoprotein, elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels, smaller tumors, lower HBsAg positivity, higher HCV positivity, and longer hospital stays in the ESRD-HCC group compared with the HCC group.Furthermore, multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that elevated BUN and creatinine levels were the only two independently significant factors in the patients in the ESRD-HCC group.Overall and disease-free survival rates were similar between the ESRD-HCC and HCC groups.CONCLUSION: Elevated BUN and creatinine were the only two main independent factors differentiating ESRD-HCC from HCC patients.ESRD should not be a contraindication of hepatic resection in HCC patients; however, careful operative techniques and perioperative care are crucial to achieving lower morbidity and mortality.Comparable overall survival and disease-free survival can be achieved in selected ESRD-HCC patients undergoing hepatic resection when compared with conventional HCC patients.
Safety, Security And safeguards In GEN IV sodium fast reactors

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This work presents first a study of the national and international laws in the fields of safety, security and safeguards. The international treaties and the recommendations issued by the IAEA as well as the national regulations in force in France, the United States and Italy are analyzed. As a result of this, a comparison among them is presented. Given the interest of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency for the aspects of criminal penalties and monetary, also the Japanese case is analyzed. The main part of this work was held at the JAEA in the field of proliferation resistance (PR) and physical protection (PP) of a GEN IV sodium fast reactor. For this purpose the design of the system is completed and the PR & PP methodology is applied to obtain data usable by designers for the improvement of the system itself. Due to the presence of sensitive data, not all the details can be disclosed. The reactor site of a hypothetical and commercial sodium-cooled fast neutron nuclear reactor system (SFR) is used as the target NES for the application of the methodology. The methodology is applied to all the PR and PP scenarios: diversion, misuse and breakout; theft and sabotage. The methodology is applied to the SFR to check if this system meets the target of PR and PP as described in the GIF goal; secondly, a comparison between the SFR and a LWR is performed to evaluate if and how it would be possible to improve the PR&PP of the SFR. The comparison is implemented according to the example development target: achieving PR&PP similar or superior to domestic and international ALWR. Three main actions were performed: implement the evaluation methodology; characterize the PR&PP for the nuclear energy system; identify recommendations for system designers through the comparison.
Decolonising Social Work in Finland

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The chapters in this book identify the long-term impact of coloniality extant in Finnish social work practices and to envision how diverse practices might move us towards deeply needed decolonised futures. This book is constructed in three parts. The first part, ‘Exploring coloniality in the Finnish social work field’, outlines the structures, policies and practices that constitute coloniality in Finnish social work. The second part, ‘Naming and confronting epistemic and structural injustice’, presents racialised voices that often go unheard about the barriers they face in Finnish society as students and practitioners. Finally, the third part, ‘Reimagining caring and social work futurities’, opens up diverse approaches to co-creating and envisioning decolonising social work education, practices and ways of thinking. The book contributes to the discussion on the ongoing legacy of colonialism and racialisation in the Finnish welfare state.
Optical Redox Imaging of Treatment Responses to Nampt Inhibition and Combination Therapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We evaluated the utility of optical redox imaging (ORI) to identify the therapeutic response of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) under various drug treatments. Cultured HCC1806 and MDA-MB-231 cells treated with FK866 (nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) inhibitor), FX11 (lactate dehydrogenase A inhibitor), paclitaxel, and their combinations were subjected to ORI, followed by imaging fluorescently labeled reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cell growth inhibition was measured by a cell viability assay. We found that both cell lines experienced significant NADH decrease and redox ratio (Fp/(NADH+Fp)) increase due to FK866 treatment; however, HCC1806 was much more responsive than MDA-MB-231. We further studied HCC1806 with the main findings: (i) nicotinamide riboside (NR) partially restored NADH in FK866-treated cells; (ii) FX11 induced an over 3-fold NADH increase in FK866 or FK866+NR pretreated cells; (iii) FK866 combined with paclitaxel caused synergistic increases in both Fp and the redox ratio; (iv) FK866 sensitized cells to paclitaxel treatments, which agrees with the redox changes detected by ORI; (v) Fp and the redox ratio positively correlated with cell growth inhibition; and (vi) Fp and NADH positively correlated with ROS level. Our study supports the utility of ORI for detecting the treatment responses of TNBC to Nampt inhibition and the sensitization effects on standard chemotherapeutics.
Improving the Generalizability of Text-Based Emotion Detection by Leveraging Transformers with Psycholinguistic Features

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, there has been increased interest in building predictive models that harness natural language processing and machine learning techniques to detect emotions from various text sources, including social media posts, micro-blogs or news articles. Yet, deployment of such models in real-world sentiment and emotion applications faces challenges, in particular poor out-of-domain generalizability. This is likely due to domain-specific differences (e.g., topics, communicative goals, and annotation schemes) that make transfer between different models of emotion recognition difficult. In this work we propose approaches for text-based emotion detection that leverage transformer models (BERT and RoBERTa) in combination with Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) networks trained on a comprehensive set of psycholinguistic features. First, we evaluate the performance of our models within-domain on two benchmark datasets: GoEmotion and ISEAR. Second, we conduct transfer learning experiments on six datasets from the Unified Emotion Dataset to evaluate their out-of-domain robustness. We find that the proposed hybrid models improve the ability to generalize to out-of-distribution data compared to a standard transformer-based approach. Moreover, we observe that these models perform competitively on in-domain data.
Characterization of rabbit masseter muscle fibers

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Myosins of histochemically distinguishable single fibers of rabbit masseter muscle—type 1, 2A, 2B, and slow fibers—have been characterized by gel electrophoresis under dissociating (sodium dodecyl sulfate) and nondissociating (inorganic pyrophosphate) conditions, and by analysis of peptide maps of the heavy chains following limited proteolytic degradation. Type 2B fibers contain more LC 3 homodimer than type 2A fibers; peptide maps of their heavy chain are different although the two myosins comigrate on pyrophosphate gel electrophoresis. Slow fiber myosin migrates more slowly than fast myosin and has a distinct peptide map. Differences were also found among fibers of the same histochemical type but originating in different muscles. In adductor magnus 2B myosin the LC 1 + LC 3 heterodimer band is the strongest, while in masseter 2B myosin the heterodimer band is the strongest, while in masseter 2B myosin the heterodimer is the weakest. Statistical considerations suggest that in masseter there is a mechanism preferentially forming the homodimers. More work is needed to determine the mechanism by which phenotypical differences occur among various fiber types in the same muscle and between corresponding fiber types in different muscles.
STUDIES OF THE SELECTION VALUE OF RADIOINDUCED MUTANTS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Air-dried Pisum sativum seeds were exposed to from 7000 to l5000 r of x radiation in steps of 2000 r during the interval 1954 to 1959. The dose rate was approximates 100 r min. A total of 296 clearly identifiable mutants, as based on fertility characteristics, were produced. Of these mutants, tive phase. There were 71 (24%) sterile mutants that grew to maturity, but which were completely sterile because of histological, cytological, or biochemical defects. There were 64 (21.6%) weakly fertile mutants whose seed production was so small that their reproduction was possible only with heterozygotes, but the 82 (27.7%) other mutants were sufficiently fertile to produce pure lines. These mutants showed degrees of fertility which ranged from 4 to 132% of the original seed. As judged from their seed production, approximates 10% of all fertile mutants were within the range of the primary form, and would be evolutionally competitive. On the basis of the total number of mutants produced, this fraction was approximates 2%. The mutants with positive selection value resulted, for the most part, from small mutations, in the sense that this term can be used morphologically and physiologically. The degree of fertility of one early blooming mutantmore » responded specifically to climatic factors. During growth periods with normal rainfall, its seed production was far below that of the parent stock, but in dry years it equalled or exceeded the productivity of the parent stock. For this reason this mutant would be much better able to survive in a dry climate than the parent stock could. (BBB)« less
Diabetic foot in the elderly: Capillaroscopic findings

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Microangiopathy is the most frequent complication of diabetes mellitus. It frequently precedes metabolic and biohumoral pathology. The diabetic foot is a particular aspect of the disease. Capillary videomicroscopy has proven to be a valuable technique for detecting early morpho-functional changes in the microcirculation in vivo. It is performed at the fingers' nailfold, at conjunctiva, and on the skin. This study aims to propose a qualitative assessment of microvascular complications in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus by toe nailfold capillary microscopy.
Inhibition of phospholipase D by lysophosphatidylethanolamine, a lipid-derived senescence retardant

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Phospholipid signaling mediated by lipid-derived second messengers or biologically active lipids is still new and is not well established in plants. We recently have found that lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), a naturally occurring lipid, retards senescence of leaves, flowers, and postharvest fruits. Phospholipase D (PLD) has been suggested as a key enzyme in mediating the degradation of membrane phospholipids during the early stages of plant senescence. Here we report that LPE inhibited the activity of partially purified cabbage PLD in a cell-free system in a highly specific manner. Inhibition of PLD by LPE was dose-dependent and increased with the length and unsaturation of the LPE acyl chain whereas individual molecular components of LPE such as ethanolamine and free fatty acid had no effect on PLD activity. Enzyme-kinetic analysis suggested noncompetitive inhibition of PLD by LPE. In comparison, the related lysophospholipids such as lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylglycerol, and lysophosphotidylserine had no significant effect on PLD activity whereas PLD was stimulated by lysophosphatidic acid and inhibited by lysophosphatidylinositol. Membrane-associated and soluble PLD, extracted from cabbage and castor bean leaf tissues, also was inhibited by LPE. Consistent with acyl-specific inhibition of PLD by LPE, senescence of cranberry fruits as measured by ethylene production was more effectively inhibited according to the increasing acyl chain length and unsaturation of LPE. There are no known specific inhibitors of PLD in plants and animals. We demonstrate specific inhibitory regulation of PLD by a lysophospholipid.
Coupling Progressive Deep Learning with the AdaBoost Framework for Landslide Displacement Rate Prediction in the Baihetan Dam Reservoir, China

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Disasters caused by landslides pose a considerable threat to people’s lives and property, resulting in substantial losses each year. Landslide displacement rate prediction (LDRP) provides a useful fundamental tool for mitigating landslide disasters. However, more accurately predicting LDRP remains a challenge in the study of landslides. Lately, ensemble deep learning algorithms have shown promise in delivering a more precise and effective spatial modeling solution. The core aims of this research are to explore and evaluate the prediction capability of three progressive evolutionary deep learning (DL) techniques, i.e., a recurrent neural network (RNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), and a gated recurrent unit (GRU) ensemble AdaBoost algorithm for modeling rainfall-induced and reservoir-induced landslides in the Baihetan reservoir area in China. The outcomes show that the ensemble DL model could predict the Wangjiashan landslide in the Baihetan reservoir area with improved accuracy. The highest accuracy was achieved in the testing set when the window length equaled 30. However, assembling two predictors outperformed the accuracy of assembling three predictors, with the mean absolute error and root mean square error reaching 1.019 and 1.300, respectively. These findings suggest that the combination of strong learners and DL can yield satisfactory prediction results.