jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Specialization of Foreign Assistance in Sub-Saharan Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study uses time-series cross-sectional logistic and OLS regressions to analyze data on foreign assistance and governance in Sub-Saharan Africa to determine the impact of different methods of foreign aid on democracy and democratic characteristics in Sub-Saharan Africa. Even though all foreign assistance has the end goal of promoting democratic growth, different aid targeted sectors have varying effects on democracy. The research has found that aid targeting social infrastructure, specifically health and government sectors, in Sub-Saharan Africa has a substantial, positive effect on democracy and democratic characteristics while economic infrastructure aid has no effect. This analysis could have an impact on future aid allocation by promoting aid specialization for social infrastructure.
Annals of Numerical Simulation on MHD Free Convection Mass and Heat Transfer Fluid Flow over a Vertical Porous

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. The MHD free convection fluid flow with the Soret effect on the combined heat and mass transfer unsteady flow past a continuously moving semi-infinite vertical porous plate in a rotating system has been investigated numerically under the action of induce magnetic field. This study is performed for cooling problem with lighter and heavier particles. Numerical solutions for the primary velocity field, secondary velocity field, temperature distribution as well as concentration distribution are obtained by using the explicit finite difference method. The obtained results to observe the effects of various parameters are shown graphically. Finally, the important findings of the investigation are concluded.
AI-Assisted Restoration of Yangshao Painted Pottery Using LoRA and Stable Diffusion

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This study is concerned with the restoration of painted pottery images from the Yangshao period. The objective is to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of the restoration process for complex pottery patterns. Conventional restoration techniques encounter difficulties in accurately and efficiently reconstructing intricate designs. To address this issue, the study proposes an AI-assisted restoration workflow that combines Stable Diffusion models (SD) with Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) technology. By training a LoRA model on a dataset of typical Yangshao painted pottery patterns and integrating image inpainting techniques, the accuracy and efficiency of the restoration process are enhanced. The results demonstrate that this method provides an effective restoration tool while maintaining consistency with the original artistic style, supporting the digital preservation of cultural heritage. This approach also offers archaeologists flexible restoration options, promoting the broader application and preservation of cultural heritage.
Conclusion

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Conclusion to the book summarises the book's larger arguments, asserting that medieval literature has much to contribute to our understanding of emotion in medieval historical contexts. It weighs the relative usefulness of the theoretical and methodological strategies investigated in the book. In seeking to answer the questions raised in the book about words, bodies, performativity, audiences and change, it also identifies emerging issues that the analysis has raised. The Conclusion also foregrounds the importance of various kinds of intertextual relationships for the creation and transmission of existing and innovating generic emotional norms, as successive generations of authors and audiences explore genre-related emotion schemas as effective in communicating and producing feelings. Whether they work to maintain or subvert or whether they innovate and alter existing models, emotions in literature move, educate and inform English audiences about changing ways to be human across the medieval era.
A Systematic Research Synthesis of the Various Adaptive Strategies Utilized by Dual-Income Couples

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT This article uses systematic research synthesis to review and critique the nonempirical and empirical literature on the various adaptive strategies of dual-income couples who are working to achieve balance in their marital, work, and family lives. The examination of such research-based adaptive strategies can inform therapists so that they may assist families who have become overburdened by balancing personal life with two jobs. Since increasing numbers of clients are maintaining a dual-income lifestyle, it may provide therapists with insight into the concerns, benefits, and management strategies that are particular to dual-career partners and their families.
Implementation of the competency-based curriculum by teachers of History in selected Secondary Schools in Lusaka district, Zambia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The study investigated teachers of History's implementation of the competency-based teaching approaches in the teaching and learning of History in Lusaka district, Zambia.A mixed-methods approach particularly the explanatory sequential design was used in this study.The study focused on schools in Lusaka from the ten zones.The total sample size of this study was 99.A total of 80 teachers participated in this study and 10 of them were interviewed.The participants were randomly and purposively selected.A questionnaire was used to gather information from the teachers.Interview guides were also used to collect data from one Chief Curriculum Specialist, one Subject Curriculum Specialist, 2 Standard Officers, 5 Head-Teachers, 10 Heads of Sections and 20 Teachers.Classroom lesson observations and document analysis were also done.Quantitative data was analysed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) and qualitative data was analysed thematically.The findings of the study revealed that 67% of the teachers of History did not understand the concept of the competencybased curriculum or outcome-based curriculum.It was also revealed that teachers of History were not using the competency-based or outcomesbased approaches to a large extent in the teaching and learning of History in the selected secondary schools because they did not have the knowledge and skills of the competency-based approaches.Thus, it was recommended that the Ministry of General Education (MoGE) should strengthen the in-service training and continuous professional development meetings in schools and zones for the competency-based curriculum to be successfully understood and implemented effectively in schools.
A Comparative Study on Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Capacities of Leaf Extracts from Medicinal plants

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The aim of this work is to investigate and compare the phytochemical screening, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of plant crude extracts from leaves of four different medicinal plants Mukia maderaspatana, Cissus quadrangularis, Portulaca quadrifida, Pisonia Alba. Methanol and Petroleum ether solvent were used to prepare the crude extracts from leaves. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of different crude extracts were determined by DPPH method and agar disc diffusion method. Antibacterial activity was carried out against five different organisms (Escherichia coli (MTCC: 1687), Bacillus cereus (MTCC: 0430), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MTCC: 7028), Staphylococcus aureus(MTCC: 3160), Proteus mirabilis (MTCC: 3310). And the antifungal activity against A.niger (MTCC 281) and A.flavus (MTCC 10938). All the extracts showed a promising antibacterial activity. Hence, the outcomes of the present research suggest that the potential antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of these different plants may be responsible for its wide traditional use as medicine.
Streptococcus mitis. A cause of serious infection in adults

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Twenty strains of Streptococcus mitis were isolated from blood or body fluids at the Cleveland Veterans Administration Medical Center from Jan 1, 1981, to April 30, 1984. Fifteen (75%) isolates were considered contaminants. Five (25%) were clinically important and associated with a serious infection of the oropharynx or gastrointestinal tract (three of five), endovascular system (one of five), or a prosthetic hip. Four of five patients required surgical intervention for treatment. Two of five died; one death was directly attributable to S mitis infection. Eighteen strains were available for detailed bacteriologic study. Three strains had a minimum inhibitory concentration of greater than 0.1 micrograms/mL of penicillin and six other strains were tolerant to penicillin. This review suggests that S mitis can be an important pathogen in adults and may cause infections other than endocarditis.
THE POSSIBLE APPLICATION FROM CARL HEMPETS DEDUCTIVE-NOMOLOGICAL EXPLICATIVE MODEL TO THE JON SEARLES INSTITUTIONAL FACTS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

El presente trabajo intenta describir y evaluar el problema entre la explicacion cientifica desde el modelo nomologico-deductivo de Carl Hempel y su posible aplicacion a los hechos institucionales de John Searle. De esta manera, en primer lugar se pretende manifestar que se entiende por explicacion nomologica deductiva considerando en este modelo de explicacion un elemento fundamental el cual es las leyes, las cuales son descripciones de regularidades causales. En segunda instancia, se mostrara que son los hechos institucionales y como estos se consideran un elemento esencial para construir la realidad social. Y por ultimo, como en los hechos institucionales no existe la posibilidad de explicacion nomologica deductiva, ya que estos no se comportan de una manera causal sino que en ellos reside la nocion de libertad. Abstract This work pretends to describe and to evaluate the problem between the scientific explanation from Carl Hempels deductive-nomological model and its possible application to John Searles institutional facts. In first place, it pretends to show a deductive-nomological explanation, considering in this explanation model a fundamental element that is the laws, which are causal regularities of description. In second place, it will show what are institutional facts and how are they considerate as an essential element to construct a social reality. Finally, why in the institutional facts do not exist a deductive-nomological explanation possibility, since they do not behave in a causal way, but inside them reside the freedom notion.
Re: Slc13a1 and Slc26a1 KO Models Reveal Physiological Roles of Anion Transporters

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

No AccessJournal of UrologyInvestigative Urology1 Sep 2012Re: Slc13a1 and Slc26a1 KO Models Reveal Physiological Roles of Anion Transporters Dean AssimosM.D. Dean AssimosDean Assimos More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2012.05.038AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Re: Slc13a1 and Slc26a1 KO Models Reveal Physiological Roles of Anion Transporters." The Journal of Urology, 188(3), p. 1044 References 1 : Calcium oxalate urolithiasis in mice lacking anion transporter Slc26a6. Nat Genet2006; 38: 474. Google Scholar © 2012 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 188Issue 3September 2012Page: 1044 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2012 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Dean Assimos More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Overview of Beneficial Effects of (Poly)phenol Metabolites in the Context of Neurodegenerative Diseases on Model Organisms

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The rise of neurodegenerative diseases in an aging population is an increasing problem of health, social and economic consequences. Epidemiological and intervention studies have demonstrated that diets rich in (poly)phenols can have potent health benefits on cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. Meanwhile, the role of gut microbiota is ever more evident in modulating the catabolism of (poly)phenols to dozens of low molecular weight (poly)phenol metabolites that have been identified in plasma and urine. These metabolites can reach circulation in higher concentrations than parent (poly)phenols and persist for longer periods of time. However, studies addressing their potential brain effects are still lacking. In this review, we will discuss different model organisms that have been used to study how low molecular weight (poly)phenol metabolites affect neuronal related mechanisms gathering critical insight on their potential to tackle the major hallmarks of neurodegeneration.
Electrochemical Polarization Dependence of the Elastic and Electrostatic Driving Forces to Aliovalent Dopant Segregation on LaMnO3

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Segregation of aliovalent dopant cations is a common degradation pathway on perovskite oxide surfaces in energy conversion and catalysis applications. Here we focus on resolving quantitatively how dopant segregation is affected by oxygen chemical potential, which varies over a wide range in electrochemical and thermochemical energy conversion reactions. We employ electrochemical polarization to tune the oxygen chemical potential over many orders of magnitude. Altering the effective oxygen chemical potential causes the oxygen nonstoichiometry to change in the electrode. This then influences the mechanisms underlying the segregation of aliovalent dopants. These mechanisms are (i) the formation of oxygen vacancies that couples to the electrostatic energy of the dopant in the perovskite lattice and (ii) the elastic energy of the dopant due to cation size mismatch, which also promotes the reaction of the dopant with O2 from the gas phase. The present study resolves these two contributions over a wide range of effective oxygen pressures. Ca-, Sr-, and Ba-doped LaMnO3 are selected as model systems, where the dopants have the same charge but different ionic sizes. We found that there is a transition between the electrostatically and elastically dominated segregation regimes, and the transition shifted to a lower oxygen pressure with increasing cation size. This behavior is consistent with the results of our ab initio thermodynamics calculations. The present study provides quantitative insights into how the elastic energy and the electrostatic energy determine the extent of segregation for a given overpotential and atmosphere relevant to the operating conditions of perovskite oxides in energy conversion applications.
Dataset for manuscript "Host-related and environmental factors influence long-term ectoparasite infestation dynamics of mouse lemurs in northwestern Madagascar" to be published in the American Journal of Primatology

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This Excel-file contains three datasets, corresponding to the initial raw dataset resulting from all ectoparasite inspections (n = 2,241), the merged dataset used for host-related and temporal modeling (n = 1940), and the even more condensed dataset with one datapoint per individual used for climatic modeling (n = 583), respectively.
Vanishing Curvature and the Power of Adaptive Methods in Randomly Initialized Deep Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper revisits the so-called vanishing gradient phenomenon, which commonly occurs in deep randomly initialized neural networks. Leveraging an in-depth analysis of neural chains, we first show that vanishing gradients cannot be circumvented when the network width scales with less than O(depth), even when initialized with the popular Xavier and He initializations. Second, we extend the analysis to second-order derivatives and show that random i.i.d. initialization also gives rise to Hessian matrices with eigenspectra that vanish as networks grow in depth. Whenever this happens, optimizers are initialized in a very flat, saddle point-like plateau, which is particularly hard to escape with stochastic gradient descent (SGD) as its escaping time is inversely related to curvature. We believe that this observation is crucial for fully understanding (a) historical difficulties of training deep nets with vanilla SGD, (b) the success of adaptive gradient methods (which naturally adapt to curvature and thus quickly escape flat plateaus) and (c) the effectiveness of modern architectural components like residual connections and normalization layers.
Diurnal Change in Specific Leaf Weight of Medicago sativa L. and Zea mays L.1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Diurnal changes in SLW (specific leaf weight) and TNC (total nonstructural carbohydrates) were observed in alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) and corn ( Zea mays L.). In addition to the diurnal pattern of increasing SLW and TNC during the day, immediate changes in SLW and TNC were induced by fluctuations in incident light intensity. Since diurnal change in SLW of fully expanded leaves reflects the photosynthate production‐translocation balance, investigation of the use of change in SLW is suggested as a measure of productivity potential.
Obesity aggravates ischemia–reperfusion injury-induced acute kidney injury in mice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

In critically ill patients, overweight and obesity are associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute kidney injury (AKI). Although obesity is known to increase oxidative stress, worsen inflammation, and induce a state of Klotho deficiency, its effect on ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI)-induced AKI is unknown. We hypothesized that obesity would aggravate renal IRI in mice. We fed mice a standard or high-fat diet for eight weeks. The mice were divided into four groups and submitted to sham surgery or IRI: obese, normal, normal + IRI, obese, and obese + IRI. All studies were performed 48 h after the procedures. Body weights were higher in the obese and obese + IRI groups than in the normal and normal + IRI groups, respectively. Serum glucose and cholesterol did not differ among the groups. Creatinine clearance also did not differ among the groups. Survival and urinary osmolality were lower in the obese + IRI group than in the normal + IRI group, whereas urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels, tubular injury scores, and caspase 3 expression were higher. In the obese + IRI group, the PCNA-positive cell counts were highest, as were the levels of oxidative stress (urinary levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and renal heme oxygenase-1 protein expression), and renal Klotho protein expression was lowest. Notably, macrophage infiltration was greater in the obese group mice than in the normal group mice, despite the fact that none of those mice were induced to AKI. In conclusion, greater oxidative stress might aggravate IRI in obese individuals, and Klotho could be a therapeutic target in those with AKI.
Intellectual property, tariffs, and international trade dynamics

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The emergence of global value chains not only leads to a magnification of trade in intermediate inputs but also to an extensive technology diffusion among the different production units involved in arms-length relationships. In this context, the lack of enforcement of intellectual property rights has recently become a highly controversial subject of debate in the context of the China-U.S. trade negotiations. This paper analyzes the strategic interaction of tariff policies and the enforcement of intellectual property rights within a quantitative general equilibrium framework. Results indicate that, in principle, tariffs could be an effective deterrent for weak protections for intellectual property. Moreover, weakening enforcement may be a strong deterrent for raising tariffs. These results combined indicate that there is scope for international cooperation on these fronts.
The prevalence of drugs and pharmaceuticals in conspicuous drivers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In 1995, as part of an epidemiological study carried out by the Institute of Legal Medicine in Homburg/Saar, a total number of 632 blood samples of conspicuous drivers was examined. The selection of samples took place according to the following 3 criteria: 103 samples where the police had already expressed their suspicion of possible use of drugs or pharmaceuticals; 243 samples which only became suspicious after lab tests in connection with BAC were carried out and, finally, 286 randomly selected samples. All selected samples were tested for the most common substances as part of an initial immunological screening. Samples that were found to be positive after this procedure were then cleaned up by solid phase extraction and the detected drugs were later confirmed by GC or GC/MS. The results confirm that alcohol is still the most common factor impairing driver ability. However, there is a high prevalence of drivers impaired by drugs or pharmaceuticals in road traffic. A total of 316 substances could be detected in 192 samples. The drug detected most frequently was cannabis (n = 144) while the most commonly found pharmaceutical substances were benzodiazepines (n = 78). The increase of stimulant use was of particular interest when compared to an earlier study. The distribution of the detected substances to the different sample groups shows a correlation between the more obvious symptomatology of the individual and the likelihood to detect them. A projection shows that approximately 16 per cent of all conspicuous drivers can be accused of drug use or use of pharmaceuticals. Of all users of drugs and/or pharmaceuticals 12 per cent were detected bY the police. When comparing accident rates, it becomes apparent that a driver impaired by drugs or pharmaceuticals presents a much higher risk than someone who is 'only impaired by alcohol'. DWI
Trust in large carnivore science in Norway

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Large carnivores are controversial species, and associated conflicts between stakeholders with opposing views on large carnivores are observed across the globe. Social trust, the public’s willingness to rely on those responsible for developing policies, has gained much attention regarding the acceptance of large carnivores and large carnivore management. However, trust in large carnivore science has not received as much consideration. In Norway, administrative management authorities are responsible to execute the political framework decided by the Norwegian Parliament while basing their decisions on recommendations from large carnivore science. As large carnivore science is the main knowledge provider for monitoring and measures implemented in management decisions to achieve viable carnivore populations, trust in science is crucial. Yet, scientific information is often challenged. As attitude studies show a tendency for the wider general public to be more positive towards large carnivores than people most adversely affected, we wanted to examine whether the trust in large carnivore science follows the same pattern. We used a geographically stratified sample of 2110 respondents, five respondents from each municipality in Norway, to model how trust varies across the sample. Our results indicate that elderly men, people with lower education, those who have experienced loss of livestock to carnivores associate with lower trust in large carnivore science. Lower trust was also found among big game hunters and people who fear large carnivores. This knowledge could help to guide targeted science communication and contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of cognitions important for management of conflicts involving large carnivores.