jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Early Adoption of Dabigatran and Its Dosing in US Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Results From the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Dabigatran is a novel oral anticoagulant approved for thromboprophylaxis in atrial fibrillation. Adoption patterns of this new agent in community practice are unknown. Methods and Results We studied patterns of dabigatran use among patients enrolled in the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT‐AF) Registry between June 2010 and August 2011 and followed for 12 months. Among 9974 atrial fibrillation patients included, 1217 (12%) were treated with dabigatran during the study. Overall, patients receiving dabigatran were younger (median age 72 versus 75 years, P <0.0001), more likely to be white (92% versus 89%, P =0.005), more likely to have private insurance (33% versus 25%, P <0.0001), and less likely to have prior cardiovascular disease (4% versus 33%, P <0.0001). They had more new‐onset atrial fibrillation (8.8% versus 4.1%, P <0.0001), lower CHADS 2 scores (estimated risk based on the presence of congestive heart failure, hypertension, aged ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, and prior stroke or transient ischemic attack; mean 2.0 versus 2.3, P <0.0001), and lower Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation scores (mean 2.4 versus 2.8, P <0.0001). More than half (n=14/25, 56%) of patients with severe kidney disease were not prescribed reduced dosing, whereas 10% (n=91/920) with preserved renal function received lower dosing. Among patients not on dabigatran at baseline, 8% had dabigatran initiated during follow‐up. Patient education was significantly associated with switching from warfarin to dabigatran (adjusted odds ratio for postgraduate 1.73, P =0.007), whereas antiarrhythmic drug use significantly correlated with de novo adoption of dabigatran (adjusted odds ratio 2.4, P <0.0001). Conclusions Patients receiving dabigatran were younger and at a lower risk of stroke and bleeding. Patients appeared to drive switching from warfarin, whereas clinical characteristics influenced de novo start of dabigatran. These data suggest cautious early uptake of dabigatran, and more careful attention to dosing adjustments is warranted. Clinical Trial Registration URL : Clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT 01165710.
Chest Hair Used as Donor Material in Hair Restoration Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

background This article describes a technique for transplanting hair from the chest to the balding scalp. objective The objective is to describe an alternative route of harvesting donor hair in the situation when donor scalp hair is depleted. method A fusiform donor harvest was removed from the sternal region. The tissue was divided into one-and two-haired micrografts and subsequently transplanted. results The technique worked extremely well with good take of the hair grafts. The donor site healed inconspicuously. conclusion The technique of transplanting hair from the chest to the balding scalp can be a viable alternative when confronted with donor scalp hair depletion.
Improving practice: women's views of a maternity triage service

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A new triage service was initiated in an acute trust in southwest England to assess women who presented with a problem in their pregnancy but who did not necessarily require admission to delivery suite. Questionnaires were used to obtain the views of women using triage and to identify areas which they thought were good practice and also identify those areas that required improvement. Data were analysed using the SNAP survey software which enabled basic features within the data to be described. Most women were happy with the amount of time they waited in triage which appears to negate the need for appointments. Women were satisfied with the amount of time they spent with the midwife and obstetrician and reported being treated with dignity and respect, although there were some problems relating to the triage environment.
Combined treatment for gastric carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To evaluate the effect of combined treatment for gastric carcinoma. Methods The clinical data of 204 patients with gastric carcinoma treated from October 1984 to October 1994 in our hospital were retrospectively analysed. Results The five year survival rate in the combined therapy group was 41.2%, while in the single surgical therapy group was 20.6%(P0.01). Conclusions The combined treatment including surgical therapy, peritoneal instillation chemotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy can greatly improve the prognosis of patients with gastric carcinoma.
508 Developing an accessible patient information leaflet for children and young people

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives

NHS England and the Health Innovation Network are working together to implement a standardised Paediatric Early Warning Score (PEWS) across paediatric departments. This will specifically incorporate a question regarding parent/guardian concerns. Several leaflets have been developed focusing on helping parents to raise concerns, such as the 'Listening to You' project.1 However, to our knowledge there are none targeted at the children and young people (CYP) themselves. We aimed to work with the St George's Youth Council to develop an age-appropriate leaflet for CYP and assess its accessibility using a plan-do-study-act (PDSA) methodology.

Methods

Key stakeholders were identified, including members of the trust's paediatric clinical governance team, Youth Council and Arts charity. Our inpatient survey, literature review and discussion with Youth Council members confirmed the need for an accessible leaflet for CYP to support them in raising concerns. The 1st PDSA cycle gathered feedback from inpatients and the Youth Council on existing leaflets identified during the literature review. These recommendations were then incorporated to develop an initial leaflet by a graphic designer working in collaboration with the Youth Council. Key stakeholders helped revise and refine the leaflet during the 2nd PDSA cycle, with Youth Council members filling out feedback forms to guide adjustments. A 3rd PDSA is ongoing that is gathering inpatient feedback regarding the implementation of the leaflets and identifying further improvement areas, which we aim to complete before the RCPCH conference.

Results

93% of survey respondents reported that a leaflet/poster would help increase their confidence in raising concerns. Two leaflets were identified that were aimed at supporting parents in expressing concerns.2, 3 A key theme of the Youth Council discussion was the importance of CYP being asked about their own concerns. The 1st cycle reviewed the existing leaflets and provided recommendations regarding adapting these for CYP, including accessible language, design and content – in particular bright colours, inclusive pictures and bullet points – which were incorporated to produce a draft leaflet. During the 2nd cycle key stakeholders provided further feedback on the new leaflet, including the need for translations, producing the leaflet seen in figure 1.

Conclusion

It is important that CYP are involved when talking about and developing tools to support their own health. This Quality Improvement Project has worked in collaboration with CYP to develop an accessible and age-appropriate leaflet, which will help support them whilst raising concerns on the ward.

References

Developing a Tool to Support Communication of Parental Concerns When a Child is in Hospital, Gemma Heath et al. 2016. Listening to you leaflet, Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 2016. PEWS leaflet, HSCQI Paediatric Collaborative, adapted from the PEWS information leaflet November 2022.
GASTRIC VOLVULUS DILATATION SYNDROME IN DOGS

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Gastric volvulus dilatation syndrome is a serious condition, of an acute nature, that may lead to a high death rate in small animals.The etiology is unknown, but the literature reports several treatment possibilities.Gastric volvulus dilatation causes a severe decrease in tissue perfusion, affecting several organs, including the respiratory and cardiovascular systems.This study aims to conduct a literature review on the pathophysiology of this syndrome and the therapeutic approach from patient stabilization to surgery treatment.
Shared care: a partnership between parents and nurses.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Shared care refers to the formalisation of parents' participation in the care of their hospitalised children. In this paper the planning, implementation and evaluation of a pilot study of shared care in a New South Wales paediatric unit is described. Surveys conducted before and during the pilot study showed that nurses' attitudes to shared care were mostly positive. Parents who participated in shared care also responded positively to the initiative although most had chosen to limit their participation to basic care activities. According to State Trait Anxiety Inventory scores, 50% fewer parents who had experienced shared care were very anxious at the time their children were discharged than parents whose children were hospitalised prior to the introduction of shared care.
Comparison of Fertility of Estrous Synchronized Ewes with Four Different Intravaginal Devices during the Breeding Season.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Comparative studies of four different intravaginal devices containing progesterone or synthetic progestogens on estrous incidence, LH surge and fertility of synchronized ewes by an intrauterine insemination with frozen semen by laparoscopy were conducted during the breeding season. A total of 161 Suffolk or Suffolk-crossed ewes at two sheep farms (Farms A and B) were used. In Farm A, the mean times of estrous onset after the removal of four intravaginal devices were 27.3, 31.2, 21.8 and 22.8 h for MAP, FGA, CIDR and P sponge (self-made progesterone sponge), respectively. The progesterone-impregnated intravaginal devices (CIDR and P sponge) induced estrus significantly earlier (P<0.05) than the devices impregnated with the synthetic progestogens (MAP and FGA) (22.3 ± 2.0 and 29.4 ± 2.3 h, respectively, after the removal of the intravaginal device). CIDR induced estrus (P<0.01) and LH surge (P<0.05) significantly earlier than FGA and MAP sponges, respectively. Pregnancy determined by the plasma progesterone concentration (>2.0 ng/ml) on Day 21 (Farm B) and lambing rates (Farms A and B) of ewes inseminated once on a fixed-time basis between 44 and 52 h after removal of intravaginal devices were not significantly different: 45.0, 41.5, 57.9 and 39.5% in lambing rates for MAP, FGA, CIDR and P sponge, respectively. Also, no significant differences in prolificacy were observed among the four intravaginal devices. These results indicate that the fertility of ewes treated with the four different intravaginal devices including a self-made P sponge and inseminated with frozen semen is similar, although the onset time of estrus and the LH surge varies with the use of progesterone- or progestogen-impregnated intravaginal devices.
Exclusion of patients with concomitant chronic conditions in ongoing randomised controlled trials targeting 10 common chronic conditions and registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: a systematic review of registration details

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives To systematically assess registration details of ongoing randomised controlled trials (RCTs) targeting 10 common chronic conditions and registered at ClinicalTrials.gov and to determine the prevalence of (1) trial records excluding patients with concomitant chronic condition(s) and (2) those specifically targeting patients with concomitant chronic conditions. Design Systematic review of trial registration records. Data sources ClinicalTrials.gov register. Study selection All ongoing RCTs registered from 1 January 2014 to 31 January 2015 that assessed an intervention targeting adults with coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension, heart failure, stroke/transient ischaemic attack, atrial fibrillation, type 2 diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, painful condition, depression and dementia with a target sample size ≥100. Data extraction From the trial registration records, 2 researchers independently recorded the trial characteristics and the number of exclusion criteria and determined whether patients with concomitant chronic conditions were excluded or specifically targeted. Results Among 319 ongoing RCTs, despite the high prevalence of the concomitant chronic conditions, patients with these conditions were excluded in 251 trials (79%). For example, although 91% of patients with CHD had a concomitant chronic condition, 69% of trials targeting such patients excluded patients with concomitant chronic condition(s). When considering the co-occurrence of 2 chronic conditions, 31% of patients with chronic pain also had depression, but 58% of the trials targeting patients with chronic pain excluded patients with depression. Only 37 trials (12%) assessed interventions specifically targeting patients with concomitant chronic conditions; 31 (84%) excluded patients with concomitant chronic condition(s). Conclusions Despite widespread multimorbidity, more than three-quarters of ongoing trials assessing interventions for patients with chronic conditions excluded patients with concomitant chronic conditions.
Zinc oxide application in the textile industry: surface tailoring and water barrier attributes as parameters with direct implication in comfort performance

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The present study focuses on surface tailoring and water barrier attributes of zinc oxide (ZnO)-polyester composite textile materials. The surface properties, such as surface topography and roughness, composite compositions as well as thermal stability of ZnO-100% polyester textile composite materials treated through a padding process with different concentrations of ZnO dispersions as active agent in water and methanol were studied. The results show that 3% ZnO-textile composite material have enhanced water barrier properties compared with the other compositions; a fact which promises improved properties in terms of comfort. ZnO modification of polyester surfaces leads to a dramatic decrease in their thermal stability.
Associative learning of likes and dislikes: Some current controversies and possible ways forward

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Evaluative conditioning (EC) is one of the terms that is used to refer to associatively induced changes in liking. Many controversies have arisen in the literature on EC. Do associatively induced changes in liking actually exist? Does EC depend on awareness of the fact that stimuli are associated? Is EC resistant to extinction? Does attention help or hinder EC? As an introduction to this special issue, we will discuss the extent to which the papers that are published in this issue help to resolve some of the controversies that surround EC. We also speculate about possible boundary conditions of EC and attempt to reconcile conflicting results on the functional properties of EC.
Identification of Symptom Phenotypes of Hand Osteoarthritis Using Hierarchical Clustering: Results From the DIGICOD Cohort

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective We aimed to delineate phenotypes in hand osteoarthritis (HOA) based on cardinal symptoms (pain, functional limitation, stiffness, and aesthetic discomfort). Methods With data from the Digital Cohort Design (DIGICOD), we performed a hierarchical agglomerative clustering analysis based on Australian/Canadian Osteoarthritis Hand Index (AUSCAN) subscores for pain, physical function, stiffness, and visual analog scale for aesthetic discomfort. Kruskal‐Wallis and post hoc analyses were used to assess differences between clusters. Results Among 389 patients, we identified 5 clusters: cluster 1 (n = 88) and cluster 2 (n = 91) featured low and mild symptoms; cluster 3 (n = 80) featured isolated aesthetic discomfort; cluster 4 (n = 42) featured a high level of pain, stiffness, and functional limitation; and cluster 5 (n = 88) had the same features as cluster 4 but with high aesthetic discomfort. For clusters 4 and 5, AUSCAN pain score was >41 of 100, representing only one‐third of our patients. Aesthetic discomfort (clusters 3 and 5) was significantly associated with erosive HOA and a higher number of nodes. The highly symptomatic cluster 5 was associated but not significantly with metabolic syndrome, and body mass index and C‐reactive protein level did not differ among clusters. Symptom intensity was significantly associated with joint destruction as well as with physical and psychological burden. Patients’ main expectations differed among clusters, and function improvement was the most frequent expectation overall. Conclusion The identification of distinct clinical clusters based on HOA cardinal symptoms suggests previously undescribed subtypes of this condition, warranting further study of biological characteristics of such clusters, and opening a path toward phenotype‐based personalized medicine in HOA.
Negative Feedback Control of Gonadotropins in Male Rhesus Monkeys: Effects of Time After Castration and Interactions of Testosterone and Estradiol-17β

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The ability of testosterone (T) to exert negative feedback action on systemic levels of LH and FSH was tested in long-term (>2 yr) gonadectomized (GX) male (n = 10), female (n = 6), and prenatally androgenized female (n = 7) rhesus monkeys and in 12 recently GX males. In all 3 groups of long-term GX animals, estradiol-17β (E2) administered in Silastic capsules for 6 days (serum levels of ∼100 pg/ml) suppressed serum LH and FSH to approximately 50% of preimplantation levels. T [averaging 8.5 ± 0.3 (SE) ng/ml] administered similarly for 1 week, beginning 1 day before the E2 was removed, was unable to maintain the suppression initiated by E2 in males. Both FSH and LH gradually rose to pretreatment levels in both Ttreated and control monkeys. In second and third trials, similar and larger [11.7 ± 0.54 (SE) ng/ml] amounts of T were unable to suppress gonadotropins in males when given alone for 21 days without E2 pretreatment. Six males were then gonadectomized to test long-term vs. short-term GX effects. Half of the animals were given T for 21 days beginning 30 min before castration; the others were given blank implants. The treatments were then reversed, for 24 additional days. Serum FSH and LH concentrations reached postcastration levels approximately 20 days after GX. As in long-term GX monkeys, T in physiological quantities was unable to exert a negative feedback action on gonadotropins. In 3 animals, small amounts of E2 (∼30 pg/ml serum) combined with T (∼6 ng/ml serum) beginning 30 min before castration maintained precastration levels of LH for 21 days. In 3 other males, this regimen of E2 without T was ineffective. A similar treatment of E2 and T in 6 monkeys starting 104 days after castration was able to suppress FSH but not LH. E2 concentration in the spermatic vein are 4 times higher than in the systemic circulation of the rhesus male, evidence for E2 secretion by the testes. These experiments suggest a synergistic role for E2 of testicular origin with T in negative feedback control of gonadotropin that changes after castration in the male monkey.
Apparent Relative Size and Depth of Moving Objects

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The effects of the relative velocities of moving objects on their apparent relative size and depth were investigated with the aid of square patterns generated on a CRT display by a microcomputer. The observer matched the apparent sizes of squares, arranged in two or more rows that moved with different velocities, and made judgments of the apparent relative depth of the rows. In many conditions, squares moving more slowly were perceived as larger in size than those moving faster, regardless of the kind of depth responses, but in some conditions which contained strong depth cues the size responses seemed to be affected by perceived depth. The size-change effect of moving objects is discussed from the viewpoint of size–depth relationship.
Gurindji Kriol: A Mixed Language Emerges from Code-switching

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

1. IntroductionBakker (2003: 129) claims that ‘mixed languages’ do not arise from code-switching.The language spoken most frequently by Gurindji people between the ages of 3 andabout 45, termed ‘Gurindji Kriol’ here, is a counter-example to this generalization.This language is made up of elements of Kriol, an English based creole spoken acrossthe middle of the Northern Territory of Australia; and Gurindji, the traditionallanguage of a group in the west of this region (Dalton et al. 1995; McConvell 2002).The previous generation spoke both these languages fluently, but the most prevalenttype of speech involved intersentential and intrasentential code-switching. Whilechoice of language in code-switching among middle-aged and older people in the1970s
MICROPATTERNABLE ELASTIC CARBON NANOTUBE/PDMS ELECTRETS

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper reports the fabrication and performance of an elastic electret based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/carbon-nanotube (CNT) composites. The composite formulation concentrates CNTs near the surface of the PDMS and thereby combines the excellent electrical properties and room- temperature micropatternability of the CNT with the elasticity of PDMS. The material was corona-charged and the charge storage behavior was characterized using surface potential measurements. Substantial improvements in charge storage capacity and stability were observed compared to either pure PDMS or CNTs on the surface of PDMS at room temperature over a 280 hour measurement period.
Plant Recommendation System Using Smart Irrigation Integrated with IoT and Machine/Deep Learning

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Agriculture plays a pivotal role in the economy of most countries, serving as a primary source of livelihood and sustenance. In the case of India, it occupies a substantial portion of the nation's land. This article proposes the integration of IoT (Internet of Things) and an automated irrigation system with ML/DL (Machine Learning and Deep Learning) to revolutionize agriculture. The implementation of crop monitoring through sensors not only eases the burden on farmers but also enhances crop productivity. The system, at its core, monitors crucial field parameters such as soil moisture, temperature, and humidity. Given the increasing importance of efficient water management in agriculture, this study outlines an automated irrigation system that leverages cloud computing and IoT to curtail water consumption. Its primary objective is to gather and consolidate data from diverse sources, including data generated by sensors and IoT devices. This centralized data storage approach facilitates seamless data integration from various locations and devices. Through the application of algorithms and dataset analysis, the study determines that the cultivation of "Spider" plants is more favorable when compared to other plant species. Notably, the Random Forest classifier emerged as the most accurate, achieving an impressive 94.77% accuracy rate in this project. In essence, this research endeavors to propel agriculture into a technology-driven and sustainable future, optimizing water usage and improving crop yield.