jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Breaking the Balance? The Impact of Peacekeeping Deployments on Civil–Military Relations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Since the 1990s, the face of United Nations (UN) peacekeeping has changed drastically, with personnel contributions now coming predominantly from developing countries. Some of the most fragile states worldwide, marked by limited state capacity and domestic conflict, have been deploying their security forces in UN peacekeeping missions. Drawing on the literature on civil–military relations, this article examines the impact that such deployments have on the domestic politics of troop contributing countries (TCCs). Using a detailed case study of Nepal's deployment of peacekeepers, this article makes the following argument: the UN has not prioritized making peacekeeping deployments conditional on respect for civilian supremacy by the security forces of TCCs. Yet, deploying peacekeepers may bring significant institutional, political and financial benefits to security forces, most notably the military, which directly and indirectly impacts the civil–military relations in TCCs.
Lacustrine Urban Blue Spaces: Low Availability and Inequitable Distribution in the Most Populated Cities in Mexico

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Lacustrine blue spaces provide benefits to the urbanites and wildlife habitat. Their availability varies depending on the city in which they are established and intra-urban social interactions. We analyzed the presence, distribution, and size of lentic water bodies in Mexico’s 145 most populated cities. We searched for patterns in their distribution concerning demographic, socioeconomic, and geographic data, aiming to understand their socio-ecological interactions in cities. We digitized lacustrine spaces to obtain their number per city, total surface, area of blue space per inhabitant, and surface as a percentage of the city’s total area. We tested for relationships between their number and surface and city population, hydrological regions, and urban marginalization index through linear and generalized linear models. We delimited 1834 lacustrine blue spaces, finding almost two-thirds of them artificial. Their presence and surface in Mexican cities were generally low, except for hydrological regions close to the Gulf of Mexico. Their number and surface decreased as the urban marginalization index increased. The lack of equitable provision of lacustrine space at the national level has implications for urban planning and land management. Blue spaces should maximize their ecosystem services’ provision for the whole society to promote cities’ sustainability and resilience.
Integration and Perception of Tablet PC Mathematics Software in Elementary Mathematics Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The tablet PC provides a unique tool for education in that it allows students to write naturally in digital ink, making it possible for both normal and enhanced educational material and curricula to be easily transferred to a digital environment. There are many tools currently available for the tablet PC that are very useful to teachers, but there is very little software geared toward students—especially younger students. Younger students, however, may find a tablet PC particularly helpful because many of them have not yet developed typing skills. The Tablet Math System was developed in order to enhance children’s learning of simple mathematics and at the same time decrease teacher workload. The main goals of this study were to understand the ability of teachers to integrate the Tablet Math System in their classroom and to understand the perceptions of students and teachers regarding the software. Pilot studies in three fourth-grade classrooms indicate that the Tablet Math System was successfully integrated into classroom activities. Students completed almost 20,000 problems over 18 weeks on six tablet PCs rotated between three classes. Students had highly favorable perceptions of the Tablet Math System. They greatly preferred the tablet pc to paper, and were even eager to do math. The biggest complaint among students was that it was difficult to get on the system (as each class only had 6 tablets). The students also believed they did better on math presented on the tablet PC than on paper. Teachers found little change in their teaching pedagogies and had some problems integrating the system into their curriculum. These factors point to the importance of teacher training and professional development for the specific software environment. The findings also show that a tablet PC lab may be more advantageous for students, teachers and schools than a rotational model.
Suffering and Loss in the Book of Job

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Summary: Suffering is endemic to the human condition and few books speak about the topic the way that the Book of Job does. While the story of Job is quite simple, the content becomes problematic because of the reason given for Job's suffering. In the beginning of chapter one, Job is referred to as an upright and blameless man who feared God and turned away from evil. There is no indication in the story that Job is Jewish, in fact there is a strong possibility that he was not an Israelite at all. The story continues that Satan was roaming about the earth and God asks him if he has considered God's servant, Job. Satan replies that the only reason why Job is so faithful to God is because of all that he has been given. However, if all of this is taken away Satan is convinced that Job would turn away from God instantly. How the topic of suffering is addressed in the Book of Job and the pastoral implications may prove beneficial to others as well.
Selocalcitol: Scope of inhalational formulation for prevention and cure of COVID-19 illness

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Vitamin D has generated interest in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Some authorities believe that it is beneficial; others think that without proven deficiency it should not be administered. The results of clinical trial are still awaited. Therefore nothing regarding the matter is conclusively known. In this context we believe that selocalcitol, a Vitamin D analogue if administered via inhalational route, has the potential to prevent SARS-CoV2 infection. The basis of this idea is presented here.
Investigations on the Manuring of Sorghum Under Rainfed Conditions in Medium Black Soil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Application of nitrogen through farmyard manure to jowar (Sorghum vulgare) crop under rainfed conditions increased the yield of grain and karbi significantly. A mean response of 68.05, 112.46 and 160.55 kg acre over control were obtained with 20, 40 and 80 lb Njacre (as FYM). The linear response for grain and karbi was found to be significant. Continuous application of FYM increased the total nitrogen content but had no effect on physical properties of the soil under the conditions of experiment.
Introduction: Black Men in a White Men’s War

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

From his perspective as a student in wartime England, the Indian journalist and diplomat K. M. Panikkar came to view the Great War of 1914–18 as 'a civil war within the European community of nations'.2 In a sense it was. But for the people of Panikkar's native Asia, and even more for the colonial peoples of Africa, that conflict was truly a world war. More than ever before, subject peoples were called upon to defend the very institutions of their subjugation: the European empires. Such a practice, one of the chief ironies of imperialism, began in Asia and America during the Seven Years' War of the mid-eighteenth century and by 1918 became the final defence not just of empires, but of European nations themselves.
Aeolian sedimentation in the Rhine and Main area from the Late Glacial until the Mid-Holocene: New evidence from the Magdalenien site of Götzenhain (Hesse, Germany)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Äolische Sedimente (sandiger Löss, Flugsand) wurden durch pedologische und geochronologische Methoden (OSL) mit dem Ziel untersucht, hieraus Aussagen zur stratigraphischen Abfolge und zum Ablagerungsalter zu gewinnen und diese Ergebnisse auf die Ergebnisse der archäologischen Ausgrabung zu beziehen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Ablagerung des Lösses im Spätglazial auf einer älteren Lage von Windkantern erfolgte und dieser am Ende des Pleistozäns von äolischem Sand überdeckt wurde. Untersuchungen der fundführenden Schichten ergaben eine mittelholozäne Datierung (6.9 ka), die mit einer lokalen Störung durch äolische Sedimentumlagerungen in Folge anthropogener Landschaftsveränderungen während des Neolithikums erklärt werden. Diese Untersuchungsergebnisse werden vor dem Hintergrund vergleichbarer äolischer Stratigraphien und Fundplätz im Rhein-Main-Gebiet diskutiert.
Results of the research of “barezhin” type peloids of Adjara region and prospects of their use in balneological practice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

During studying the mineral waters widespread in Adjara region, it found out, that some mineral water is clean and transparent while running out on the surface, but it leaves lubricant mud at the place of coming out and when flowing into the pits. These types of peloids are successfully used in the balneological practice and are known in the literature by the names of the geographical locations, such as – according to city of Barezhin in the Pyrenees Mountains. In the available literature there is found no data on the research of type peloids widespread in Adjara region with the purpose of their application in balneological practice.
The aim of our research was to study type peloids of Adjara region with the purpose of their use in balneological practice.
The chemical compositions (micro- and macroelements) of 17 so called type peloids located in Adjara region have been studied by using the modern instrumental methods of analysis.
It is noteworthy, that the studied peloids are saturated with micro- and macroelements. The results of X-Ray phase analysis have shown, that Kvirike and Chakhati peloids mainly represent rentgenoamorphous mass. The contents of the following minerals have been established in the objects: Ca-Na feldspar, K feldspar, Ca-montmorillonite, quartz (SiO2), hematite (Fe2O3), chlorite, magnetite, amphiboles, trace amounts of mica and chlorite. The presence of bacteriophages have been stated in the water extracts of Chakhati and Kvirike peloids, which have the ability of the lyses of E. Coli and Staphylococcus strains.
Based on the pharmacological studies have been established, that the study objects (Chakhati and Kvirike peloids) are not characterized by general toxic, cumulative, local irritant, allergic, internal organs damaging and systemic actions during local administration.
At present, the instructions for use in the balneological practice have been processed on 2 kinds of type peloids located in Adjara region.
Las ‘nociones culturales’: una apuesta de cambio metodológico para la enseñanza del ELE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The 2018 Instituto Cervantes’ yearbook called it first: Spanish is on the rise (Fernández, 2018). Prospectively yet, Spanish health will rely on many factors beyond the coincidental: innovative teachers, better resources and original methodologies. Spanish students have, for years, studied English as a Foreign Language by the hand of the “four skills”, where arbitrary topics were piled up around so-called ‘units’. This has been a by-product of the influence that publishing houses such as Cambridge have had in Spain. The following pages, however, bring forth an alternative rejuvenating model: a new teaching scheme based on the French educational model known as ‘cultural notions’.
Comorbidity in patients with arterial hypertension in therapeutic practice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Arterial hypertension is one of the leading causes of mortality, but a combination of high blood pressure with other nosological forms is increasingly common. The article considers pathogenetic and clinical commonality of arterial hypertension with thyroid gland diseases, diabetes mellitus, obesity and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Better understanding of syntropia is associated with increase of comorbid conditions diagnosis and treatment efficacy.
Another Result of the 50 Years of Northern History Research(Kim, Jung-Bae, 2018, Recognition of Korea and China’s Northern History, Sechang Publisher Co.)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

김정배 선생의 『한국과 중국의 북방사 인식』은 2015년 4월 한국연구재단 주관의 ‘석학과 함께하는 인문강좌’에서 “북방사를 둘러싼 중국과 한국의 역사인식”이라는 주제로 이루어진 강연 내용을 정리한 것이다. 1967년 삼한 문제에 대한 연구로 석사학위 논문을 학계에 제출한 저자는 2005년 고려대 한국사학과 교수로 정년 퇴직하였다.BR 저자는 50년이 넘는 기간 동안 주로 고조선･삼한 등의 역사·문화 및 우리나라 청동기·철기시대의 사회상에 대한 연구를 정력적으로 진행하여 왔다. 문헌 사학에 고고학적 지식의 접목 및 인류학 이론의 적용 등은 한국고대사연구에서 저자의 독보적인 성과로 평가되고 있다. 그 과정에서 100여 편이 넘는 연구 논문과 다양한 형태의 연구서를 간행하였음은 주지의 사실이다.BR 그런데 1년 전 간행한 이 저서는 역사적 사실에 대한 저자의 직접적인 연구 성과라기보다는, 연구 진행 과정에서 얻은 또는 대응한 저자의 현실적 경험을 담고 있다. 즉, 중국과 러시아, 북한 연구자들의 한국사 인식에 대한 태도 및 그에 대한 저자의 대응 과정이 바로 이 책에 녹아 있다. 그러면서도 서술 내용은, 저자의 주 연구 대상이었던 고조선·삼한을 벗어나, 발해·고구려에 대한 애착으로 점철되어 있다. 이는 아마도 1980년대부터 고조선 지역에 대한 중국 현지 답사를 비롯하여 저자의 연구 대상이 ‘북방’이었다는 것과, 21세기 초입에 야기된 중국과의 ‘역사 전쟁’에서 비롯한 것이라 여겨진다.BR 이 서평에서 설정한 4개의 章은 저자가 자신의 저서에서 구성한 4개의 장과 동일하게 하였다. 이는 저자의 서술 내용을 간략하게 소개하면서 이 글을 전개하고자 함에서 그리한 것이다.
Cholinergic Cerebral Vasodilatation in the Rabbit: Absence of Concomitant Metabolic Activation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was estimated from measurements of internal carotid blood flow and sagittal sinus blood flow in mechanically ventilated rabbits under 70% N 2 O–30% O 2 . Intravenously administered physostigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, increased CBF under normocapnia and enhanced the cerebral vasodilatation of hypercapnia, but did not alter the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO 2 ). The cerebrovascular effects of physostigmine were antagonized by atropine but not by dihydro-beta-erythroidine, a nicotinic blocker. Neostigmine, a quaternary cholinesterase inhibitor that does not cross the blood-brain barrier, showed no cerebrovascular effects, It is concluded that the cholinergic cerebral vasodilatation does not depend on cerebral metabolic activation, and that the cholinergic receptors involved are muscarinic and located beyond the blood-brain barrier.
Cystic Fibrosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cystic fibrosis is the most common life-shortening autosomal recessive disease in children. It typically presents with lung and/or pancreatic dysfunction. Salt levels in sweat are increased. Other organ systems can be involved and there is considerable phenotypical variability. A subgroup of affected infants present with widespread erythematous and scaly plaques with failure to thrive and oedema. This presentation is secondary to malabsorption and infants presenting in this way should be given a trial of treatment with pancreatic enzymes while waiting for a definitive diagnosis. The mortality is high if the underlying cause is not recognized. During childhood and adolescence, skin problems may relate to reactions from the multiple medications used in treatment protocols or to common dermatoses such as urticaria or acne.
Neurofeedback stress management games

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Neurofeedback is a promising scientific tool that uses well-documented techniques based on EEG technology to visually aid patients in conditional self-training to achieve a better state of mind. Both Alpha and Beta wave Enhancement Training have been shown to be potentially efficacious in the conditioning of stress management. Current procedures for these two techniques have already been using computers to create very simple interactive visual simulations to provide feedback to the patient on his stress levels. This project takes this one step further by creating video games that use these techniques to make the training process more engaging for the patient. Although the nature of the two training methods and the current technology slightly hinder the creative and technical aspects of the games, work-arounds have been developed that have hopefully kept them entertaining to the player while still fulfilling the objective as a training tool for stress control. There is potential for the games in helping players to train in the comforts of their home. It can also be used as an accompaniment tool for EEG professionals to reduce the number of clinical visits for patients with disorders, freeing up resources as well as reducing drop-out rates. While theoretically viable, further testing is still needed to ensure that the games are effective for their purposes.
Then, Now, Forever: Television Wrestling, Seriality, and the Rise of the Cinematic Match during COVID-19

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In April 2020, at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, the state of Florida classified professional wrestling (pro wrestling) alongside hospitals, law enforcement, and grocery stores as an essential service. The state’s decision made global headlines and was generally met with a mix of confusion and surprise. This article investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on contemporary television wrestling. After tracing the influence that the television medium and media convergence have had on pro wrestling, the article argues that the pandemic circumstances, coupled with the demands of television wrestling’s serialized storytelling, led to an evolution of a specific wrestling-match type: the cinematic match. Through a close textual analysis of wrestling programs that were produced without a live crowd during the COVID-19 crisis (e.g., WWE Friday Night Smackdown, Wrestlemania 36), this article examines how television wrestling—in an effort to appeal to its audience—produced a number of cinematic matches that combine distinct elements (e.g., editing, cinematography, sound) of genre filmmaking (e.g., horror, action) with the spectacular athleticism of pro wrestling.
Effects of Catalyst Activity Profiles on the Operating Conditions of an Industrial Polymerization Reactor

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this paper is to analyze how different catalyst activity profiles influence the operating strategies of industrial polymerization reactors. Since the catalyst activity profiles may change considerably in the range of the residence-time of the reactor, the properties of the produced polymer powder are the averages of ones produced by catalyst particles with various activities. Hence, the residence-time distribution of the polymer phase has an effect on the product properties as well. Based on these phenomena a new method is proposed to transform information from laboratory reactor into a form which can be used to estimate the operation condition of industrial reactor. The whole approach is demonstrated in case of the production of high-density polyethylene.
Patterns of variation in behaviour within and among reef fish species on an isolated tropical island: influence of exposure and substratum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Here we studied the activity budgets of nine common reef fish in the oceanic archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, off north-east Brazil. Species were variable in their behaviour between different sites and similarities in their activity budgets were not necessarily associated with their trophic group. For four species we investigated the relationship of their activity budgets to wave exposure and substratum composition. Staying close to the substratum was positively correlated to wave exposure for most species and foraging was negatively correlated to exposure for two species. By behaving this way, these fish may save energy by avoiding swimming in higher water flux. In contrast to relationships with wave exposure, the responses to substratum composition were species specific. Our results highlight that the activity budgets of fish living in oceanic rocky reefs can be variable and influenced by the local and temporal variation in environmental variables.
Protocol for a systematic review assessing the measurement of dietary sodium intake among adults with elevated blood pressure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Accurate sodium intake estimates in adults with elevated blood pressure are essential for monitoring salt reduction progress and preventing cardiovascular diseases. However, sodium assessments are challenging in this high-risk population because many commonly used antihypertensive drugs alter urinary sodium excretion. Despite the high cost and substantial participant burden of gold-standard 24-hour urine collection, the relative performance of existing spot-urine based equations and dietary self-report instruments have not been well studied in this population, who will benefit from salt restriction. This systematic review aims to describe the current methods of assessing dietary sodium intake in adults with elevated blood pressure and determine what method can provide a valid and accurate estimate of sodium intake compared with the gold standard 24-hour urine collection. Methods and analysis Studies assessing sodium intake in adults aged 18 years and above with reported elevated blood pressure will be included. Five electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, WoS and Cochrane CENTRAL) will be systematically searched from inception to March 2021. Also, a manual search of bibliographies and grey literature will be conducted. Two reviewers will screen the records independently for eligibility. One reviewer will extract all data, and two others will review the extracted data for accuracy. The methodological quality of included studies will be evaluated based on three scoring systems: (1) National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute for interventional studies; (2) Biomarker-based Cross-sectional Studies for biomarker-based observational studies and (3) European Micronutrient Recommendation Aligned Network of Excellence for validation studies of dietary self-report instruments. Ethics and dissemination As the proposed systematic review will collect and analyse secondary data associated with individuals, there will be no ethical approval requirement. Findings will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal or presented at a conference. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020176137.
Reflections of a Sometime Israel Lobbyist

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Here's a secret, the kind we hardly acknowledge to ourselves. But first, you may be wondering who this "we" is, on whose behalf I am writing. In truth, I am not sure. Maybe it is the Jews. But the problem with "Jews" is—well, not all Jews are in on the secret. Or maybe it is the Zionists. But the problem with "Zionists" is that the word has come to seem musty, at best, and in these last several decades it has been appropriated by exclusivist fanatics. So let me spell it out: the "we" here means old-fashioned liberal Zionists, people who intuitively endorse the idea of a Jewish state, people who acknowledge that to secure the safety of that state and to ennoble its character are the compelling Jewish projects of our time, hence people who these days suffer considerable anxiety and are not strangers to disappointment. Things are not going very well, or even just average well.