jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SH1147919.09FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
A new single-particle model to evaluate the Li-ions diffusion coefficients of LiMn1−xFexPO4

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

It remains a challenge to evaluate the Li-ions diffusion coefficients of LiMn[Formula: see text]Fe x PO 4 due to the presence of two voltage platforms upon charge/discharge. In this paper, a new single-particle model based on Butler–Volmer (BV) equation and one-dimensional diffusion equation is established. Using this model, the cyclic voltammogram curves of LiMn[Formula: see text]Fe x PO 4 single-particle electrodes are successfully fitted and their Li-ion diffusion coefficients in organic electrolyte are obtained. Through analyzing the diffusion coefficients, it is found that the Li-ions diffusion coefficients for both Fe and Mn redox processes in LiMn[Formula: see text]Fe x PO 4 reach the maximum when [Formula: see text]. In addition, the values for oxidation processes are much larger than those for reduction processes.
The Value of Immunohistochemical Studies Using Antibody to S100 Protein in Dermatopathology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT: The distribution of S100 protein in normal skin and various tumors involving skin was assessed using rabbit antibody to S100 protein in an immunoperoxidase reaction. In normal skin, S100 was detected in the epidermis (melanocytes and Langerhans' cells), dermis (Schwann cells, Pacinian and Meissner's corpuscles, and interdigitating reticulum cells), cells of the sweat gland apparatus, and in chondrocytes. In tumors involving skin, S100 protein was present in nevi, malignant melanomas, histiocytosis X, mixed sweat gland tumors, neural tumors, chondromas, and chondrosarcomas. Detection of S100 protein by immunostaining was useful in understanding the histogenesis of various skin tumors and in assessing the diagnosis and prognosis of a variety of skin lesions encountered in surgical pathology.
Optimal classification and generalized prevalence estimates for diagnostic settings with more than two classes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An accurate multiclass classification strategy is crucial to interpreting antibody tests. However, traditional methods based on confidence intervals or receiver operating characteristics lack clear extensions to settings with more than two classes. We address this problem by developing a multiclass classification based on probabilistic modeling and optimal decision theory that minimizes the convex combination of false classification rates. The classification process is challenging when the relative fraction of the population in each class, or generalized prevalence, is unknown. Thus, we also develop a method for estimating the generalized prevalence of test data that is independent of classification. We validate our approach on serological data with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) naïve, previously infected, and vaccinated classes. Synthetic data are used to demonstrate that (i) prevalence estimates are unbiased and converge to true values and (ii) our procedure applies to arbitrary measurement dimensions. In contrast to the binary problem, the multiclass setting offers wide-reaching utility as the most general framework and provides new insight into prevalence estimation best practices.
Analytical solutions with Generalized Impedance Boundary Conditions (GIBC)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The diffraction by a material discontinuity in a thick dielectric/ferrite layer is considered by modeling the layer as a distributed current sheet obeying generalized sheet transition conditions (GSTC's). The sheet currents are then formulated and solved via the standard dual integral equation approach. This yields the diffracted field in terms of unknown constants which underscore the non-uniqueness of the GSTC current sheet representation. The constants are dependent on the geometry and properties of the discontinuity and are determined by enforcing field continuity across the material junction. This requires the field internal to the slab which are determined from the external ones via analytic continuity. Results are given which validate the solution and demonstrate the importance of the constants.
ECtHR Retroactive Jurisdiction and the Possibility of Compensations for the Armenian Properties Confiscated during and after the Armenian Genocide: A Brief Analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines retroactive jurisdiction of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) for the possibility to litigate compensations for the Armenian properties confiscated during and after the Armenian Genocide. The study considers ECtHR platform for the Armenian Genocide reparations, as ECtHR is the most effective human rights regional Court to compel Turkey to protect human rights and remedy for violations. The paper considers only European Convention on Human Rights (Convention) Article 1 Protocol 1 to avoid as much as possible politicizing this study. Considering the fact that a long time has passed since the confiscations, this study considers ratione temporis jurisdiction of the ECtHR.
Radical Scavenging and Singlet Oxygen Quenching Activity of Marine Carotenoid Fucoxanthin and Its Metabolites

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Antioxidant activity of carotenoids is suggested to be one of the factors for their disease preventing effects. Marine carotenoids fucoxanthin and its two metabolites, fucoxanthinol and halocynthiaxanthin, have been shown to exhibit several biological effects. The antioxidant activities of these three carotenoids were assessed in vitro with respect to radical scavenging and singlet oxygen quenching abilities. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of fucoxanthin and fucoxanthinol was higher than that of halocynthiaxanthin, with the effective concentration for 50% scavenging (EC 50) being 164.60, 153.78, and 826.39 microM, respectively. 2,2'-Azinobis-3-ethylbenzo thizoline-6-sulphonate radical scavenging activity of fucoxanthinol (EC 50, 2.49 microM) was stronger than that of fucoxanthin (EC 50, 8.94 microM). Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity as measured by the chemiluminescence technique showed that the scavenging activity of fucoxanthin was 7.9 times higher than that by fucoxanthinol, 16.3 times higher than that by halocynthiaxanthin, and 13.5 times higher than that by alpha-tocopherol. A similar trend was observed when the hydroxyl radical scavenging was assessed by the electron spin resonance (ESR) technique. ESR analysis of the superoxide radical scavenging activity also showed the superiority of fucoxanthin over the other two carotenoids tested. Singlet oxygen quenching ability of the three carotenoids was lower than that of beta-carotene, with quenching rate constants ( k Q, x10 (10) M (-1) s (-1)) being 1.19, 1.81, 0.80, and 12.78 for fucoxanthin, fucoxanthinol, halocynthiaxanthin, and beta-carotene, respectively. The higher radical scavenging activity of fucoxanthin and fucoxanthinol compared with halocynthiaxanthin is assumed to be due to presence of the allenic bond.
Owning Risk: Sex Worker Subjectivities and the Reimagining of Vulnerability and Victimhood

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The 2013 Canada (Attorney General) v. Bedford decision saw a fundamental shift in the discursive constructions of sex worker identities. Moving away from sex work as a societal nuisance, the landmark case highlights the complexities of sex work regulation through a language of risk. Exploring the Supreme Court of Canada's decision and the testimony presented in the Bedford trials, I argue that sex workers articulate their legal position by downloading risk onto their own subjectivities, navigating the sex trade through technologies of risk management, simultaneously reproducing and challenging notions of ideal victimhood. This paper maps these attachments towards and away from vulnerability and victimhood and explores the ways sex workers subvert their at-risk identities for a subject position that is risk-aware.
Two cases of airport-associated falciparum malaria in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, October 2019

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Two cases of presumably airport-acquired falciparum malaria were diagnosed in Frankfurt in October 2019. They were associated with occupation at the airport, and Plasmodium falciparum parasites from their blood showed genetically identical microsatellite and allele patterns. Both had severe malaria. It took more than a week before the diagnosis was made. If symptoms are indicative and there is a plausible exposure, malaria should be considered even if patients have not travelled to an endemic area.
Tsunami early warning in the eastern Mediterranean, Aegean and black sea

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A National Tsunami Warning Centre in Turkey (NTWC-TR) established at the Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute (KOERI) under the ICG/NEAMTWS (The Intergovernmental Coordination Group for the Tsunami Warning System in the Northeastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean and connected seas region) initiative is operational since January 2012 based on MOD1 Tsunami Scenario Database and TAT (Tsunami Analysis Tool) received from EC-JRC through a collaborative agreement. NTWC-TR is also acknowledged as a Candidate Tsunami Watch Provider within NEAMTWS. The Centre is relying on a system on systems embodying seismic and sea level monitoring, tsunami modeling, message dissemination systems, preparedness and mitigation activities. Considerable improvement on the seismic and sea-level network has been achieved; the communication infrastructure at KOERI has been upgraded and now includes its own GTS system. Further improvement of the Tsunami Warning System at the NTWC-TR will be accomplished through KOERI's cooperation with EC-JRC and METU to improve the scenario database and through participation in the FP-7 Project TRIDEC focusing on new technologies for real-time intelligent earth information management to be used in Tsunami Early Warning Systems. Copyright © 2012 by the International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE).
Who does what in a multi-agent system for emergent process management

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Emergent processes are high-level business processes; they are opportunistic in nature whereas production workflows are routine. Emergent processes may not be managed; they may contain goal-driven sub-processes that can be managed. A multi-agent system supports emergent processes. Each player is assisted by an agent. The system manages goal-driven sub-processes and manages the commitments that players make to each other during emergent sub-processes. These commitments will be used to perform some tasks and to assume some levels of responsibility. The way in which the selection of tasks and the delegation of responsibility is done reflects high-level corporate principles and operates comfortably with the humans involved. Commitments are derived through a process of inter-agent negotiation that considers each individual's constraints and performance statistics. The system has been trialed on business process management in a university administrative context.
Contractile Responses of Guinea Pig Trachea to Oxybarbiturates and Thiobarbiturates

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

To determine what mechanisms are involved in barbiturate-induced tracheal constriction and whether a relationship exists between barbiturate structure and the ability of the barbiturate to induce constriction, we compared the effects of thiamylal, thiopental, methohexital, pentobarbital, and phenobarbital at increasing airway tone in an intact guinea pig tracheal preparation in the presence and absence of cyclooxygenase and thromboxane synthetase inhibition. Whole tracheas were suspended between two cannulas in 50-ml tissue baths and perfused at a constant flow rate with Krebs-Henseleit solution. The contractile responses were assessed by measuring the pressure differential between the tracheal inlet and outlet ports. Barbiturates were added to the bath of each trachea, which was washed between each drug. Each drug was added to produce final bath concentrations of 10(-6), 10(-5), 10(-4), 10(-3), and 3 x 10(-3) M. Tracheas were also pretreated with meclofenamate (10(-6) M) (a cyclooxygenase inhibitor) and UK 37,248 (10(-8) to 10(-5) M) and OKY 046 (10(-9) to 10(-6) M) (thromboxane synthetase inhibitors), and the thiamylal protocol was repeated. All data were normalized to a concentration of carbachol (2 x 10(-6) M) that has been shown to produce maximum constriction in this preparation. Thiamylal and thiopental produced constriction beginning at 10(-4) M and reached a maximum at 10(-3) M (P less than 0.0001). Methohexital, pentobarbital, and phenobarbital did not produce any significant change in airway tone. Pretreatment with meclofenamate (10(-6) M), UK 37,248 (5 x 10(-5) M), and OKY 046 (10(-6) M) prevented thiamylal-induced tracheal constriction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
[Alternating hemiplegia in childhood. Clinical report and single photon emission computed tomography study].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

From 6 months of age on this girl experienced frequent episodes of hemiplegia involving both sides of the body and lasting up to 8 days. The attacks were often precipitated by tonic deviation of the head and/or the eyes to one side and nystagmus. At this stage the girl used to cry. Squinting, tonic stiffening of body and extremities, and dystonic posturing also occurred. Autonomic dysfunctions such as paleness of the skin, sweating, respiratory embarrassment, tachycardia, and mydriasis were associated features of the attacks. Motor and mental development of the girl is delayed. Improvement concerning severity, duration and frequency of the attacks has been achieved by permanent treatment with flunarizine in combination with acetazolamide and acetylsalicylic acid. If the child falls asleep immediately after rectal application of chloral hydrate at the onset of an attack there is no hemiplegia after awakening.
Analysis of Lebanese clay parameters affecting the durability and sustainability of clay products

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The geotechnical properties of soil vary depending on the rock parent type, mineral constituents, and the area’s climate. Studying soil properties is essential for the stability of civil engineering properties. This study focuses on clay identification in Lebanon based on their physical parameters as per ASTM standards. This clay identification procedure is a predominant step for enhancing the durability of clay products used as sustainable materials. Seven soils were collected and tested to determine the grain size distribution, specific gravity, maximum dry density, plasticity index, swelling index, and methylene blue value. Results highlight that the plasticity index is not the unique parameter affecting the swelling capacity of the clays. This work aims to find and analyze the parameters affecting some of the contradictory behavior of the collected clays to recognize the control parameter.
Plication of Duverney's muscle: A surgical approach of lagophthalmos first results in 27 patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Surgical plicature of Duverney' s muscle is a new approach of lagophthalmos described in this journal in 1989. The procedure is a Gore-texr` suture between the tarsus and the posterior lacrimal crest, with two palpebral incisions and a complementary DCR. incision. The results in 27 patients reported in the present study demonstrate a good effect on lagophthalmos, partial or total reduction of the possible associated lacrimal point ectropion, and good effect on epiphora, and a satisfatory esthetic result.
Adverse Drug Effects and Non-Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy in Nigeria: A Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: This review aims to assess the link between adverse drug effects and non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Nigeria. Methodology: Databases were searched namely PubMed, Web of science core collection, Science direct, Global Health (CABI) and MEDLINE. Fifteen (15) primary articles (studies carried out in Nigeria) met the inclusion criteria and were selected for the review. The primary articles selected for the review were analyzed and critiqued. Results: The articles selected for review showed that adverse drug effects is a barrier to adherence to ART. Conclusion: The review conclude that adverse drug effect is a barrier to adherence to ART among PLWHA in Nigeria and recommends patient education on side effects of ART, the need for regular exercises, eating healthy meals and the need for physicians to simplify the regimen with regards to the amount of medication to take and the timing.
The Role of CT Perfusion in Predicting the Neuropsychological Outcome of Patients with Mild and Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective Patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) often continue to have symptoms of neuropsychological dysfunction. Studies have demonstrated cerebral perfusion (CP) deficits following TBI. There is limited literature on the association between CP and neuropsychological outcomes following TBI. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between neuropsychological outcome and CP in patients with mild to moderate TBI. Materials and Methods Patients with mild to moderate TBI and computed tomography (CT) scan suggestive of diffuse axonal injury underwent CT perfusion scan within 48 hours of injury. All patients were evaluated with various neuropsychological tests at 3 months of follow-up. The correlation between CP and neuropsychological outcome was assessed. Results Forty patients (21 with TBI mild and 19 with moderate TBI) were enrolled. Among 21 patients with mild head injury, 14 (66.7%) showed evidence of hypoperfusion in the right frontal lobe and 12 (57.1%) in the right parietal lobe. Among 19 patients with moderate head injury, 12 (63.1%) patients showed hypoperfusion in the right frontal lobe and 7 (36.8%) in the right parietal lobe. CP in the bilateral frontal and left temporal lobe white matters showed a statistically significant negative correlation with the number of mistakes committed in the Stroop A, B, and C tests. Perfusion in the left temporal white matter showed a negative correlation with the trail making test (parts A and B) and a positive correlation with the animal fluency test. The right parietal and left frontal lobes also showed a positive correlation with the AFT. Conclusion We found a significant correlation between CP of the white matter of different lobes during the acute phase of TBI and neuropsychological performance at 3 months after TBI.
Effet of early-stage Painless continuous passive motion in the rehabilitation of knee joint traumatism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To evaluate rehabilitation effect of continuous passive motion(CPM)in patients with knee articular traumatism after operations.Method:62 patients (Rehabilitation group)were treated with CPM under continuous peridural anesthesia at 12～24h postoperation,the treatment course was 3 weeks 33 patients with (control group)CPM after 14 days or late of post_operation.Result:Rehabilitationevaluation scale and Range of motion (ROM)of lesioned knee joint after 12 months is 90.31±9.01 and 138.00°±23.19° in rehabilitation group,68.71±15.10 and 88.00 ±24.09° in control group respectly.There is significant difference in two groups (P0.01).Conclusion:Early-stage painless motion is valuable for patients with knee joint traumatism.
Reconciling Rapid Glacial Erosion and Steady Basin Accumulation Rates in the Late Cenozoic Through the Effect of Glacial Sediment on Fluvial Erosion

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The onset of glaciation in the late Cenozoic caused rapid bedrock erosion above the snowline; however, whether the influx of eroded sediment is recorded in continental weathering and basin accumulation rates is an ongoing debate. We propose that the transport of glacially eroded bedrock through the fluvial system damps the signal of rapid headwater erosion and results in steady basin‐integrated sediment flux. Using a numerical model with integrated glacial and fluvial erosion, we find that headwater bedrock erosion rates increase rapidly at the onset of glaciation and continue to fluctuate with climatic oscillation. However, bedrock erosion rates decrease in the downstream fluvial system because larger grain sizes from glaciers result in an increase in sediment cover effect. When erosion and sediment flux rates are averaged, long‐term sediment flux is similar to nonglacial flux values, while localized bedrock erosion rates in the glaciated landscape are elevated 2–4 times compared to nonglacial values. Our simulated values are consistent with field measurements of headwater bedrock erosion, and the pattern of sediment flux and fluvial erosion matches paraglacial theory and terrace aggradation records. Thus, we emphasize that the bedload produced from glacial erosion provides a missing link to reconcile late Cenozoic erosion records.