jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Boron application increases growth of Brazilian Cerrado grasses

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Nutrients are known to limit productivity of plant communities around the world. In the Brazilian Cerrado, indirect evidences point to phosphorus as the main limiting nutrient, but some fertilization experiments suggest that one or more micronutrients might play this role. Boron is one of the essential micronutrients for plants. Agronomically, it received some attention, but it has mostly been neglected in ecological studies assessing the effects of nutrients on plant growth. Through field fertilization and mesocosm experiments in a degraded area in the Cerrado, we show that boron addition increased biomass production of herbaceous vegetation. This could be related to a lower aluminum uptake in the boron fertilized plants. Even considering that plant growth was promoted by boron addition due to aluminum toxicity alleviation, this is the first study reporting boron limitation in natural, noncultivated plant communities and also the first report of this kind in vegetative grasses. These results contribute to disentangling patterns of nutrient limitation among plant species of the species‐rich, aluminum‐rich, and nutrient‐poor Cerrado biome and highlight the potential role of micronutrients, such as boron, for growth of noncrop plants. Understanding how nutrient limitation differs among functional groups in the highly biodiverse areas founded on ancient tropical soils may help managing these plant communities in a changing world.
Based on anti-tumor activity study of nux-vomica with strychnine and brucine as the main active components

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The anti-tumor activity of nux-vomica and its main active components such as strychnine and brucine has been widely studied in recent years. It not only inhibits a variety of different types of tumors, but also has a good effect on various steps of the tumor's occurrence and invasion, af ects intracellular drug targets in a variety of tumors, it impacts diversify drug targets and exhibits the feature of multiple targets. This paper reviews research status of anti-tumor with nux-vomica, strychnine and brucine.
COMMUNITY CONTEXT OF AN OBLIGATE MUTUALISM: POLLINATOR AND FLORIVORE EFFECTS ON YUCCA FILAMENTOSA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Obligate pollination mutualisms have been central to our understanding of the ecology and evolution of mutualisms. Although usually viewed as pairwise interactions, obligate mutualists also interact with other community members that may impact the mutualism. In this study, we examined the community context of the obligate mutualism between the plant Yucca filamentosa and its yucca moth pollinator Tegeticula cassandra to determine the relationships among plant traits, the community assemblage, and fruit set. In addition to attracting its pollinator, Y. filamentosa in central Florida also attracts two insect florivores: the hemipteran Leptoglossus phyllopus and the beetle Hymenorus densus. We surveyed flowering Y. filamentosa in 2001 and 2002 to determine the abundance of the three insect species throughout the flowering period. We also measured fruit set and four plant traits thought to be important in attracting the moth pollinator. Path analysis revealed that T. cassandra was the most important determinant of relative fruit set for both years. Peak pollinator abundance was significantly earlier than peak flowering. Consequently, we found a negative relationship between plant flowering date and pollinator abundance. Furthermore, taller plants also attracted more pollinators. Leptoglossus phyllopus had a significantly negative impact on relative fruit set in 2001 but not in 2002, whereas H. densus had no effect in either year. Abundance of the two florivores was more closely tied to peak flowering of Y. filamentosa than was the peak abundance of the pollinator moths. Although both florivore species reached high densities on Y. filamentosa, their effect on relative fruit set through floral abscission may be partially masked by the characteristically high abscission rates found in yuccas. As a result, florivores may be feeding on flowers that are already destined to be abscised. Similarly, pollinator moths may be preadapted to handle the effects of florivores because females lay eggs across multiple plants and flowers. Hence, the obligate mutualism between yuccas and yucca moths may be somewhat buffered from the effects of local community members depending on whether florivores substantially increase floral abscission rates from year to year.
Optical afterglow observations of GRB 021004 and GRB 030226

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present our multi‐band optical afterglow observations of the long duration GRB 021004 and GRB 030226 in combination with other published data to study the nature of the bursts. Optical afterglow light‐curves of both the GRBs exhibit signatures of collimated outflow. Observed superimposed variability in the case of GRB 021004, in the form of bumps and wiggles, suggest density fluctuations in the ambient medium. The derived temporal and spectral flux decay indices of GRB 030226 afterglow show an inconsistency with the theoretically predicted values.
Buddhist extremism, anti-Muslim violence and civil war legacies in Sri Lanka

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A post-civil war country may cease military activity, but the social rupture impacts political discourse and ethnic relations, and can lead to collective violence against minorities. Sri Lanka has witnessed multiple examples of anti-Muslim sentiment and violence since the civil war termination, most infamously in 2014 when ethnic riots affected large numbers of people. Buddhist monks appeared to play a prominent role. The lengthy war and ethnonationalist ideologies have produced politico-religious shifts associated with ‘Buddhist extremism’, implicated in these riots and other aggressions. This paper uses interview data to explore the question: what causal mechanisms link post-civil war and extremist ideologies, and how this can lead to ethnic rioting. Interview respondents argue that promoting a monolithic national identity in a heterogeneous country enhances divisions, which can be politically expedient. An outright war victory, militarization of society and lack of peacebuilding sustain ethnic tensions that can be mobilized for further anti-minority violence.
Forging measurement using passive stereo vision

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Dimensional inspection during manufacturing of high-temperature forging workpieces is still an unsolved research topic. In this work, an approach to reconstruct the hot forging surface using passive stereovision was proposed. The challenges are the irregular thermal radiation of the forging in the visible spectrum, which is affected by scales, heat haze, and an unstable environment. Unlike the approaches presented in the literature, we use the radiated light, without an external light source. High dynamic resolution images were used to image the forging surface with highly varying brightness. The effect of optical filtering on the contrast of the fine surface structure was investigated and evaluated by spectral analysis of the images, with the best results obtained in the green spectrum. A comparison of feature detectors was performed for the specific surface structure of the hot forging. The best results in terms of density of reconstructed points were obtained using the KAZE method. The final verification of the achievable accuracy was performed in a measurement volume of approx. 500×400×350 mm. An 877 °C hot steel pipe sample was measured with a single point standard deviation error of 0.28 mm, which is an order of magnitude higher than under ideal conditions, but acceptable in comparison with manufacturing tolerances. Further developments could be related to the application of dense image matching, further investigation of interfering effects, and application of the proposed methods in the industrial environment.
07 Mazhar Bey Report - Resit

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

[This is a long document. Please consult the index for full information]The encrypted written correspondence between the Bogazlian [Boğazlıyan] Military Commander Mustafa Bey and the Ankara 5th Army Commander Halil Recai Bey on 22 June 1915, regarding the fate of the 14 Armenians who were arrested in Yozgat; the telegraph sent by Colonel Shahabeddin Bey [Şahabeddin] to Halil Recai Bey, informing him that the 130 Armenians in Yozgat had been killed by order of the Yozgat District Governor Kemal Bey.The encrypted written correspondence between the Bogazlian [Boğazlıyan] Military Commander Mustafa Bey and the Ankara 5th Army Commander Halil Recai Bey on 22 June 1915, regarding the fate of the 14 Armenians who were arrested in Yozgat; the telegraph sent by Colonel Shahabeddin Bey [Şahabeddin] to Halil Recai Bey, informing him that the 130 Armenians in Yozgat had been killed by order of the Yozgat District Governor Kemal Bey.The testimony of Mazhar Efendi, stating that the Armenians who had come in the Armenian convoy from Erzurum had been massacred in Kahta by Sadi, Canip, Macit and Dr. Fuad.The draft text written by the Military Tribunal Member Captain Fazil Bey [Fazıl Bey], pointing to the existence of various testimonies on the topic of how and by whom the Armenians in the Mamuret-ul-Aziz Province had been annihilated.The telegraphs sent by Talat regarding the topic of the deportation of Armenians, and their German translations.The investigation of the Mazhar Bey Commission on 22 December 1918, regarding the role of the Sivas Governor-General Muammer Bey in the annihilation of the Armenians in the labor battalions; the telegraph sent by Talat Pasha to the Governor-General Atif Bey [Atıf Bey], regarding the annihilation without exception of the Armenians; the miserable condition of the starving and thirsty Armenian deportees; and the offer of conversion provided to the Armenian deportees.[This is a long document. Please consult the index for full information]
Latest Pennsylvanian and earliest Permian fusulinid biostratigraphy, Robledo Mountains and adjacent ranges, south-central New Mexico

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Robledo Mountains of south-central New Mexico, and the Dona Ana and San Andres Mountains to the east, expose rocks of Late Pennsylvanian and Early Permian age (290 million years old). The Robledo Mountains contain one of the most continuous marine carbonate sections through the Pennsylvanian--Permian boundary in the southwestern United States. These strata contain the fossil remains of fusulinids, tiny single-celled animals now extinct. The abundance, diversity, and visibility in these rocks of these microfossils allow a detailed understanding of the age of these strata, and allow the authors to correlate these rocks with rocks of similar age in other parts of the United States. The authors describe this unique stratigraphic section in some detail with an emphasis on fusulinid remains, including descriptions of new species not previously reported from this area. Based on their detailed work in the field and the laboratory, the authors propose the Robledo Mountains section as a new reference for the Pennsylvanian--Permian boundary in southwestern North America
Shifts in electron capture to the continuum at low collision energies: Enhanced role of target postcollision interactions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Measurements of electron velocity distributions emitted at $0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ for collisions of 10- and 20-keV ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ incident ions on ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and He show that the electron capture to the continuum cusp formation, which is still possible at these low impact energies, is shifted to lower momenta than its standard position (centered on the projectile velocity), as recently predicted. Classical trajectory Monte Carlo calculations reproduce the observations remarkably well, and indicate that a long-range residual interaction of the electron with the target ion after ionization is responsible for the shifts, which is a general effect that is enhanced at low nuclear velocities.
Use of active site-directed inhibitors to study in situ degradation of glycoproteins by the perfused rat liver.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Use was made of the asialoglycoprotein receptor system in a perfused rat liver in order to study lysosomal degradation and subsequent metabolism of radioactive derivatives of asialo-ovine submaxillary mucin and asialo-alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. A trace of N-acetyl-D-[6-3H]galactosamine-labeled asialo-ovine submaxillary (4 micrograms) was completely taken up by the tissue in less than 20 min. After 3 h 24% of the radioactivity from the mucin reappeared on newly synthesized serum glycoproteins that were secreted into the perfusate. [6-3H] Galactose asialo-alpha 1-acid glycoprotein was also rapidly cleared by the liver; however, after 3 h greater than 60% of the radioactivity derived from this sugar labeled glycoprotein was secreted back into the perfusate as [3H]glucose. Rat livers perfused with 0.15 mM beta-D-galactopyranosylmethyl-p-nitrophenyltriazene lost 90% of their beta-D-galactosidase activity within 1 h while other representative glycosidases showed no change as followed by hydrolysis of p-nitrophenylglycosides. Livers pretreated with this triazene compound metabolized [3H]GalNAc asialo-ovine submaxillary mucin normally but were unable to process [3H]Gal asialo-alpha 1-acid glycoprotein as evidenced by a complete inhibition of [3H]glucose release following addition of the latter substrate. Metabolism of N-acetyl[14C]glucosamine asialo-alpha 1-acid glycoprotein was similarly inhibited by 70%. 125I-labeled asialo-alpha 1-acid glycoprotein catabolism was not affected by the chemically induced beta-D-galactosidase deficiency. Subcellular fractionation of inhibitor-treated livers accumulating radioactive carbohydrate showed the majority of the label was associated with a fraction enriched in lysosomes. Analysis of the trapped radioactivity by high resolution Bio-Gel P-4 chromatography revealed nearly intact oligosaccharides minus only the reducing N-acetylglucosamine of the chitobiose core. Direct comparison of these sugar chains with those isolated from human and canine GM1 gangliosidosis liver by silicic acid thin layer chromatography showed those isolated from rat liver to be identical to the major subset of oligosaccharides found in the human disease. In similar experiments in which the galactosyl triazene was replaced by swainsonine, an alpha-D-mannosidase inhibitor, catabolism of [14C]GlcNAc asialo-alpha 1-acid glycoprotein resulted in the accumulation of a single oligosaccharide of the structure. Man3[14C]GlcNAc1. These results demonstrate an endo-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase is active in rat liver lysosomes.
Performance of Massive MIMO systems in cognitive spectrum sensing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Cognitive radio is a revolutionary technology that guarantees a viable solution to the spectrum scarcity problem. This prominent new technology has the power to change future technological developments forever if intelligently applied. In Cognitive Radio Networks, secondary (unlicensed) user uses the licensed spectrum band opportunistically, without creating any interference with primary user (licensed) transmission. Spectrum sensing is a vital challenge for spectrum usage and to prevent harmful interference with licensed users. Energy detection has been for a long, constituting the most widely known sensing technique in cognitive radio systems. In this paper, Neyman - Pearson criterion-based detection rules are used to incorporate the local probabilities of detection and false alarm to analyse an energy detector sensing behaviour over additive white Gaussian (AWGN) channel, fading channel and massive multiple input multiple output(MIMO) cases. Closed-form solutions for the probabilities of false alarm and detection were derived. The analytical results were verified by numerical computations using the Monte Carlo method with MATLAB.
Insight study on the impact of different salinity levels on behavioural responses, biochemical stress parameters and growth performance of African catfish ( Clarias gariepinus )

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The limit of tolerance to salinity in freshwater fish has become an important environmental factor influencing growth performance. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the impact of different levels of salinity on behavioural responses, growth performance, haematological, oxidative and biochemical stress parameters, in addition to immune parameters of African catfish. Three-hundred and Sixty juvenile African catfish were randomly distributed into six groups and exposed to different salinity levels (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 ppt) with three replicate tanks per treatment group; each tank contained 20 individuals for 42 days. Behavioural responses of fish were monitored during the experimental period. Growth performance, haematological, oxidative and biochemical stress parameters, in addition to immune parameters and osmotic pressure, were also determined at the end of the treatment period. Results revealed that the proportion of fish performing abnormal stress behavioural responses increased directly to the salinity level. In contrast, the survival rate and growth performance were decreased with high feed conversion at the higher salinities. Inconsistent, the haematological, oxidative, biochemical, immune and osmotic pressure parameters were altered gradually with the increase in the salinity level. Therefore, salinity level could influence the African catfish's behaviour, survival and growth when they exceed the tolerance limit.
Surgical Therapy of Infective Prosthesis Endocarditis following TAVI: A Single Center’s Experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background/Objectives: Infective prosthesis endocarditis (IE) following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) presents significant management challenges, marked by high mortality rates. This study reviews our center’s experience with surgical interventions for IE in patients post-TAVI, focusing on outcomes, challenges, and procedural complexities, and providing an overview of the limited literature surrounding this subject. Methods: This study was executed as a comprehensive retrospective analysis, targeting the clinical outcomes of surgical treatment in patients presenting with PVE following TAVI procedures at our institution. From July 2017 to July 2022, we identified five patients who had previously undergone transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation and were later diagnosed with PVE needing surgery, strictly adhering to the modified Duke criteria. Results: All surgical procedures were reported successful with no intra- or postoperative mortality. Patients were predominantly male (80%), with an average age of 76 ± 8.6 years, presenting mostly with dyspnea (NYHA Class II). The mean follow-up was between 121 and 1973 days, with outcomes showing no occurrences of stroke, myocardial infarction, or major bleeding. One patient expired from unrelated causes 3.7 years post-surgery. The operative and postoperative protocols demonstrated effective disease management with enhanced survival and minimal complications. Conclusions: The surgical treatment of IE following TAVI, though challenging, can be successfully achieved with careful patient selection and a multidisciplinary approach. The favorable outcomes suggest that surgical intervention remains a viable option for managing this high-risk patient group. Our study also highlights the scarce literature available on this topic, suggesting an urgent need for more comprehensive research to enhance understanding and improve treatment strategies. Future studies with larger cohorts are needed to further validate these findings and refine surgical strategies for this growing patient population.
Barium in sediments off northwest Africa: A tracer for paleoproductivity or meltwater events?

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

High‐resolution down‐core analyses of the solid phase content of total barium (Ba tot ) and total organic carbon (TOC) back to 25 kyr B.P. were performed on a gravity core from the upper continental slope off Cape Yubi (Morocco). The observed discrepancy between the two potential paleoproductivity proxies, Ba tot and TOC, initiated supplementary examinations of the pore water, the geochemistry of the clay fraction, X‐ray diffraction analyses, and the application of a sequential Ba extraction method of selected samples. Additionally, we analyzed down‐core samples of the planktonic foraminifera Turborotalita quinqueloba and Globorotalia inflata for their Ba/Ca ratios. These analyses, which were performed for the first time on these species, were used to reconstruct past oceanic Ba concentrations. We suggest that in the study area, which is characterized by high accumulation rates, the preserved TOC content is a valuable proxy for past primary productivity, whereas the solid phase Ba tot contents appear to be affected by other mechanisms and factors. Peaks of total barium content in the clay fraction and of Ba/Ca ratios in the planktonic foraminifera shells found during the Younger Dryas and the Heinrich 1 event are likely to result from increased meltwater influx into the northern North Atlantic. We suggest that Ba‐enriched meltwater was transmitted by the eastern boundary current system from higher latitudes to the region of the Canary Islands. Total barium contents of the clay fraction (Ba tot,clay ) and Ba/Ca in planktonic foraminifera shells seem to be reliable proxies for this discharge of meltwater.
Constructing Nest in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter provides an opportunity to look at role of medieval Welsh women in formal and less formal presentations of history: in the academic historiography, and also in more populist writings, at heritage sites, in museums (for example, the major celebrations of Gerald 'of Wales' of the past thirty years), and in historical novels. It does so by focusing upon a few case studies to analyse ways that individual women have been portrayed and consider what this can tell us about conceptions of the roles of women in the past. The analysis considers the place that Nest occupies in late-twentieth- and twenty-first-century portrayals of the Welsh medieval past and suggests ways that the significance of this for our understanding of the imagined past of twentieth-century and contemporary Wales can be discussed.