jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SEQUENCING OF PLANNED AND UNPLANNED BIRTHS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR MID- AND LATER-LIFE HEALTH AMONG NLSY79 WOMEN

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Existing studies demonstrate that unplanned births (e.g., unwanted, mistimed) are associated with worse health for mothers in the short-term and—according to some preliminary evidence—in mid- and later-life. Yet as life course and reproductive career frameworks highlight, childbearing experiences often unfold over a number of years, with a considerable amount of diversity in pregnancy and birth experiences even for the same individual. For example, a person may have an unplanned birth in late adolescence followed by only planned births in early adulthood. In order to provide a more holistic understanding of how birthing experiences births are associated with midlife health, we use Sequence Analysis (SA) on the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79; N=3,992) to examine how patterning of planned and unplanned births is associated with physical and mental health at ages 50 and 60 (SF-12). Preliminary analysis indicates that compared to respondents with only planned births, respondents with unplanned birth(s) followed by planned birth(s) have worse physical and mental health at midlife, but there is no difference in health for respondents with only planned births, only unplanned births, and planned birth(s) followed by unplanned birth(s). Future analysis with SA will consider how more detailed sequences (e.g., timing, number and type, ordering, spacing) are associated with these mid- and later-life health outcomes, taking into account selection factors such as childhood SES and educational attainment. This project demonstrates the need for life course perspectives on the long-term health implications of unplanned births, recognizing diversity within and between individuals.
Sampling Based Estimation of In-Degree Distribution for Directed Complex Networks

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The focus of this work is on estimation of the in-degree distribution in directed networks from sampling network nodes or edges. A number of sampling schemes are considered, including random sampling with and without replacement, and several approaches based on random walks with possible jumps. When sampling nodes, it is assumed that only the out-edges of that node are visible, that is, the in-degree of that node is not observed. The suggested estimation of the in-degree distribution is based on two approaches. The inversion approach exploits the relation between the original and sample in-degree distributions, and can estimate the bulk of the in-degree distribution, but not the tail of the distribution. The tail of the in-degree distribution is estimated through an asymptotic approach, which itself has two versions: one assuming a power-law tail and the other for a tail of general form. The two estimation approaches are examined on synthetic and real networks, with good performance results, especially striking for the asymptotic approach. Supplementary files for this article are available online.
An Optional Encoding of the BIFT-id Field in the non-MPLS BIER Encapsulation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) is an architecture that provides
optimal forwarding through a multicast domain, without
requiring intermediate routers to maintain any per-flow state or to
engage in an explicit tree-building protocol. The Multicast packet is
encapsulated using a BIER Header and transported through an MPLS or
non-MPLS network. When MPLS is used as the transport, the Bit Indexed
Forwarding Table (BIFT) is identified by a MPLS Label. When non-MPLS
transport is used, the BIFT is identified by a 20bit value. This
document describes one way of encoding the 20bit value.
The Femme Fatale Tells Her Story: Dorothy Hughes and WWII Crime Fiction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the 1943 thrillerThe Blackbirder, Julie Guille is a woman of mystery. Beautiful, intelligent, and strong enough to be independent of male support, she represents a challenge to every man in the novel. Part of her mystery and the threat she poses to masculine dominance is her endless ability to change her appearance, and thus change her already indeterminate identity; she confounds meaning by undermining the ability of the image to convey internal truth, a trait that feminist film scholar Mary Ann Doane says is the trademark of thefemme fatale, or the deadly woman, a central archetype of film noir and literary noir. In fact, Julie Guille troubles meaning itself, since as an orphan and then a refugee, her class and national identities are uncertain, even to her. Like manyfemmes fatales, her artificial disguises and her love of independence makes her the âproblemâ woman for male characters to solve or control. But Julie is not thefemme fataleofThe Blackbirder- she is the heroine, the detective, the wrongly accused, and the novelâs only narrative point of view. The skills that usually define afemme fataleas an evil and destructive character that men both desire and despise are present in Julie, but they are what make her the heroine; she is cunning, perceptive, strong willed, independent, stylish, and a skilled actress. Rather than making her the villain, these attributes make her uniquely adept at maintaining her hard-won autonomy and self-preservation in a wartime nation dominated by paranoia, surveillance, and the threat of violence.
SU‐E‐T‐722: Technical and Clinical Experience with the 1st Single Room Proton Therapy System

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: In December, 2013 we treated our first patient with the Mevion S250 Proton Therapy System. This followed seven months of acceptance testing and commissioning, including; dosimetric data acquisition, safety checks, establishment of QA programs, mechanical and imaging checks, modeling validation, etc. Methods: The Mevion S250 possesses a compact synchrocyclotron attached to a gantry due to its small size (1.8m diameter) and light weight (22 tons). The system includes a 6D robotic couch allowing for any beam trajectory. The system provides 3D‐2D imaging via fixed x‐rays. Our TPS is Varian Eclipse, for which modeling and validation comprised most of the commissioning. The electronic medical record system is Elekta's MOSIAQ 2.5, which provides connectivity for setup, imaging and treatment. Results: The modeling and validation met gamma of 3%/1mm for 98% of points. The imaging quality is superior than our other existing systems. Neutron dose was <1.0mSv/Gy for most clinical fields. The isocentricity of gantry and couch was measured to be ±0.5 and ±0.6mm, respectively. Daily QA is a 30 minute procedure, including; couch isocentricity, interlocks, warning indicators, imaging, and dosimetric checks for options. Output, modulation flatness, range, field symmetry are measured with a single exposure for 3 options. We currently treat 20–24 patients per day and uptime for most months has been >95%. Over the first 14 months, for our first 150 cases, were predominantly; adult CNS, pediatrics (including CSI), lung, and liver. Thorax patients receive weekly scans for adaptive planning. Conclusion: The Mevion S250 has added a vital option to compliment our other modalities within our NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center.
Suppression of flutter on interfering lifting surfaces by the use ofactive controls

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : An investigation into the possible increase in flutter speed of interfering lifting surfaces by the use of active controls was conducted. The study was designed so that the methods developed to determine the maximum increase in flutter speed could be applied to complex air vehicle configurations throughout the Mach number/altitude range of modern aircraft. The unsteady aerodynamic forces on the lifting surfaces were computed by using doublet lattice aerodynamic computer programs. The structural features of the lifting surfaces were represented by either experimentally measured or analytically computed vibration frequencies and mode shapes. The results of the study indicated that the use of active controls to suppress flutter on interfering lifting surfaces can be more effective than suppressing flutter on isolated surfaces. (Author)
Changes in Gonadotropin-Releasing Activity of the Hypothalamus During an Ovulatory Cycle of the Hen

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The gonadotropin-releasing activity of the stalk-median eminence (SME) of hens at various times during the period between ovulations of the initial ovum and the second ovum (C2) of a clutch was measured using an in vitro incubation system and a bioassay based on the 32P-uptake by chick testes. The gonadotropin-releasing activity of the SME changes during the ovulatory cycle, with peaks 21 and 8–11 hr. before ovulation (C2). The gonadotropins released from the incubated pituitaries by the SME of hens 11 hr. before C2 ovulation showed a greater ovulation-inducing activity on hens than those released by the SME of hens 21 hr. before C2 ovulation, while the activity for the 32P-uptake by chick testes was almost equal.
Asthma in pregnancy: one more piece of the puzzle.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Asthma is the most common respiratory disorder complicating pregnancy, and is associated with a range of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. There is strong evidence however, that the adequate control of asthma can improve health outcomes for mothers and their babies. Despite known risks of poorly controlled asthma during pregnancy, a large proportion of women have sub- optimal asthma control, due to concerns surrounding risks of pharmacological agents, and uncertainties regarding the effectiveness and safety of different management strategies. A recent retrospective study showed that step up therapy with low-dose ICS/LABA or high dose ICS presents the same risk profile in terms of major congenital malformations. These results are consistent with asthma management guidelines and provide scientific evidence to help physicians and mothers make evidence-based treatment decisions during pregnancy, particularly when a step up to higher doses of ICS or addition of a LABA is required. These reassuring results should encourage women to continue their asthma medications when required to control their asthma during pregnancy and increase the likelihood of healthy pregnancies and newborns. This commentary focuses on some critical issues of this recent work and to the need of future study to evaluate the safety during pregnancy of novel molecules recently introduced for asthma treatment.
FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES POR MEIO DA SEQUÊNCIA DIDÁTICA E TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study shows that teacher training through teaching sequences combined with digital technologies is an effective strategy for promoting pedagogical innovation. This approach organizes teaching and develops essential teaching skills, meeting new educational demands. However, its full implementation depends on investments in technological infrastructure, since many schools face limited access to equipment and the Internet. Therefore, educational policies should prioritize technological improvements, including the acquisition and updating of resources. Continuing education is another key aspect, which should go beyond technical training to include critical reflections on the pedagogical integration of technologies. This article reinforces the importance of continuing teacher training and the alignment between school infrastructure and pedagogical practices. Creating environments that encourage innovation and experimentation, as well as communities of practice for the exchange of experiences among educators, are essential. By addressing the challenges and opportunities of technological integration and teaching sequences, the study contributes to transforming education. This transformation aims to make it more inclusive, interactive, and relevant, preparing students for a future in constant evolution. The balance between teacher training, technological resources and innovative practices is essential to meet the contemporary demands of education.
Inclusive Disability Empowerment: Utilization of Digital Applications in Accessing Information for People With Disabilities

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Digital inclusion is one of the initiatives by the Telecommunication and Information Accessibility Agency under the Ministry of Communication and Informatics. It aims to ensure that all individuals can easily access digital technology and the internet. However, digital inclusion has not been fully realized, particularly in terms of providing digital information access for people with disabilities. The purpose of this Digital Accessibility Study for Empowering Disability Inclusion is to examine the significance of digital information accessibility as a crucial factor in enhancing the inclusion and empowerment of individuals with disabilities. This study emphasizes the use of digital technology to improve information accessibility, thereby fostering independence among people with disabilities. It also aims to identify the obstacles and challenges these individuals face in achieving equal access to digital information. Utilizing qualitative descriptive methods, data for the study was collected through observations and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with the disability community, as well as through documentation. The findings indicate that the accessibility of information through digital applications has begun to show positive effects, particularly for individuals who are deaf or blind. Applications such as TalkBack, VoiceOver, Cash Reader, Be My Eyes, Voluntary, Infusion, Special Help, WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram, and others, along with specialized hardware, contribute to the independence of people with disabilities. However, while information can be accessed, it remains insufficiently friendly to all disabilities. Both deaf and blind participants expressed that governmental support needs more emphasis, and they highlighted the necessity for enhanced social support from family, friends, and the community to help bridge the gap for individuals with disabilities.
Kinetics of the Thermal Disappearance of Radicals Formed During the Radiolysis of Aspartic Acid

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The radiolysis of the isomers L-, D- and DL- of the aspartic acid, in solid polycrystalline state, was investigated at room temperature. The analysis of their ESR spectra indicated the formation of at least two radicalic entities. The radical, identified as R3, resulting from the deamination of the acid, exhibits the highest concentration and thermal resistance. Possible mechanisms of formation of three radical species are suggested, based also on literature data. The kinetics of the disappearance of radical R3 indicated a complex mechanism. Three possible variants were suggested for this mechanism.
A Thorough Review of Mutral Herbs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In the present era, the cases of renal diseases are speedily growing and relapses of these diseases are also very frequent. Diuretics in contemporary science, play a major role in the treatment of renal anomalies, but they have side effects too. So, to combat the situation, Ayurvedic Mutral drugs are gaining wide acceptance as they are safe and effective. In Ayurveda, great importance has been given to Mutra and Mutravaha srotas in maintaining the health of an individual. This can be illustrated by the fact that to deal with urinary disorders, Acharya Charak has specifically mentioned the Mutravirechaniya Mahakashaya and Acharya Sushruta and Acharya Vagbhata have mentioned Veertarvadigana and Trinapanchmoolagana. The herbs of the above-mentioned Kashaya and Gana are used to treat various renal ailments like burning micturition, scanty urine, calculi, etc. Apart from this, they also help to re-establish the normal physiological function of the affected renal tissues and organs. Hence, due to these attributes, they are the components of a wide number of Ayurvedic Mutral formulations. The current review is undertaken for screening the therapeutic action on the renal system of a total twelve herbs, taken from Mutravirechaniya Mahakashaya, Veertarvadigana and Trinapanchmoola gana. Various research studies concerning property of increasing urinary output (Mutral) of such plants are compiled here. These drugs are mostly sheet virya and snigdha guna, so increase the watery content of urine, thereby increasing its amount and flow.
Magor video transcript editor

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Due to the fast technological advancements, people are viewing and accessing more media content than ever before. Millions of people use the internet every day, and billions of fresh movies and audio are published on social media and video platforms by individuals all over the world. The outbreak of coronavirus in 2019 has led to a significant increase in the demand for video material. Millions of students have switched from traditional schooling to video and web-based learning. In order to cater to the large audience, many uploaders and platforms have included subtitles or closed captions for viewers to comprehend the video contents. Some of the video contents are manually transcribed, which is an expensive and time-consuming operation due to the need for numerous replays and relistens of the video. The emergency of Automatic Speech Recognition, on the other hand, has alleviated this problem. Transcripts may now be transcribed into a variety of languages to satisfy the needs of audiences all around the world. However, because these automatic captions are generated by a machine learning system, their accuracy will vary depending on video quality. As a result, there is still a need to re-evaluate the quality of captions. Therefore, we will analyse the different technologies as well as the benefits and drawbacks of existing transcribing tools before integrating the strategies to build the Magor Video Transcript Editor.
Primary Adenocarcinoma of the Duodenum

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study reviewed retrospectively the records of eight patients treated surgically for adenocarcinoma of the duodenum, a rare lesion. The lesion characteristically produced weight loss, obstructive symptoms, occult or overt gastrointestinal tract bleeding, and, if periampullary, jaundice. Results of the upper gastrointestinal tract barium examination pointed to the lesions in six of the patients. Three of four patients are alive 14 months to seven years after pancreaticoduodenectomy; one of two survives five years after duodenal segmental resection. Bypass procedures in two patients were followed by the only hospital death in the series, in one, and eight months survival in the other. This small study, while not conclusive, supports the concept of an aggressive approach to duodenal adenocarcinoma by pancreaticoduodenectomy.
An MRI view of a ruptured dermoid cyst

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

As the population of patients treated with deep brain stimulation (DBS) grows and the patients age, more will require routine or emergent electrophysiologic tests.DBS artifact may render these uninterpretable, whereas stopping DBS may release symptoms that confound evaluation.The authors find that monopolar, but not bipolar, stimulation produces significant artifact during EKG, EEG, and polysomnography.
Physiological and performance characteristics of elite mountain bike cyclists

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cross-country (XC) mountain bike (MTB) riding is a new cycling discipline and research examining the physiological demands of MTB racing is limited. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively measure physiological characteristics, to identify the performance demands of XC and time trial (TT) MTB racing and to simulate a field MTB race in the laboratory to measure the physiological responses associated with racing. Twelve male and four female elite MTB cyclists volunteered to take part in this study. Subjects completed maximal aerobic power and, anaerobic power and capacity tests. MTB race data was collected during TT and XC competitions with SRM MTB power cranks fitted to the subjects MTB. Five male MTB cyclists (V . O2max 72.0 +/- 4.6 ml/kg/min-1, maximum power output (MPO) 5.40 +/- 0.30 W/kg-1, maximum heart rate (HRmax) 189 +/- 7 bpm) performed two laps of a MTB course in the field using their race bikes with MTB SRM power cranks fitted. A laboratory MTB race simulation was performed using a wind braked ergometer. Cyclists attempted to match the average and peak power output (W/kg-1) achieved in the field trial in the laboratory. Power output (PO), heart rate (HR) and cadence (revolutions per minute, rpm) were measured during field and laboratory trials, while oxygen uptake (V . O2) was determined only during the laboratory simulation. Results showed TT MTB racing is significantly shorter in duration and distance than XC racing and significantly higher for power output and heart rate, with more time spent above anaerobic threshold (16.0 +/- 2.4 and 22.8 +/- 4.3% time) and MPO (38.4 +/- 5.2 and 26.5 +/- 9.4% time) than XC racing (p<0.05). Mean power output and heart rate between the field and laboratory trials were similar (4.18 +/- 0.55 and 4.17 +/- 0.15 W/kg-1 respectively, 175 +/- 9 and 170 +/- 8 bpm). Time spent below 2 W/kg-1 and above 6 W/kg-1 for the field and laboratory trials accounted for ~32% and ~30% of the total time, respectively. During field and laboratory trials, cyclists utilised 77.8 and 77.3% of MPO, 93 and 90% of HRmax, respectively. There was a significant difference between mean cadence in the field and laboratory trials (60.3 +/- 9.1 and 75.2 +/- 7.0 rpm, respectively, p<0.05). The cadence band of 60-69 rpm showed a significant difference between the time spent in that band from the field (14.6%) to the laboratory (4.6%). The time spent above a cadence of 80 rpm in the field was 29.8% compared to the laboratory at 62.0% of the time. Mean and peak V . O2 for the simulation was 57.5 +/- 3.3 and 69.3 +/- 4.4 ml/kg-1/min-1 respectively, with cyclists sustaining an average of ~80% V . O2max. In summary, MTB competition requires multiple short-high intensity efforts and places high demands on both the aerobic and anaerobic energy systems. The power output and heart rate responses to a MTB field race are similar when simulated in the laboratory, although in the laboratory higher cadences are selected for the higher power outputs than the field.
The Ribosome Is a Ribozyme

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Ribosomes, the cellular factories that manufacture proteins, contain both RNA and protein, but exactly how all of the different ribosomal components contribute to protein synthesis is still not clear. Now, as Thomas Cech explains in his Perspective, atomic resolution of the structure of the large ribosomal subunit reveals that, as predicted by those convinced of a prebiotic RNA world, RNA is the catalytic component with proteins being the structural units that support and stabilize it (Ban et al., Nissen et al., Muth et al.).
Computer simulation of recrystallization in the presence of second phase particles

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Recrystallization in the presence of inert second-phase particles has been simulated with a Monte Carlo technique. The technique is the same one as has been employed successfully to model grain growth, recrystallization and grain growth in the presence of second-phase particles. The results show that at low stored energies, the particles retard the growth of recrystallization nuclei and can prevent the recrystallization process from going to completion. At high enough stored energies, however, growth is not impeded such that the particles do not affect the kinetics of recrystallization. Post-recrystallization is strongly affected by the presence of particles because grain growth is inhibited and the microstructures to be less equiaxed than in grain growth. 15 refs., 7 figs.