jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Multiparameter Approach to Evaluate Post-Stroke Patients: An Application on Robotic Rehabilitation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Multidomain instrumental evaluation of post-stroke chronic patients, coupled with standard clinical assessments, has rarely been exploited in the literature. Such an approach may be valuable to provide comprehensive insight regarding patients’ status, as well as orienting the rehabilitation therapies. Therefore, we propose a multidomain analysis including clinically compliant methods as electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography (EMG), kinematics, and clinical scales. The framework of upper-limb robot-assisted rehabilitation is selected as a challenging and promising scenario to test the multi-parameter evaluation, with the aim to assess whether and in which domains modifications may take place. Instrumental recordings and clinical scales were administered before and after a month of intensive robotic therapy of the impaired upper limb, on five post-stroke chronic hemiparetic patients. After therapy, all patients showed clinical improvement and presented pre/post modifications in one or several of the other domains as well. All patients performed the motor task in a smoother way; two of them appeared to change their muscle synergies activation strategies, and most subjects showed variations in their brain activity, both in the ipsi- and contralateral hemispheres. Changes highlighted by the new multiparametric instrumental approach suggest a recovery trend in agreement with clinical scales. In addition, by jointly demonstrating lateralization of brain activations, changes in muscle recruitment and the execution of smoother trajectories, the new approach may help distinguish between true functional recovery and the adoption of suboptimal compensatory strategies. In the light of these premises, the multi-domain approach may allow a finer patient characterization, providing a deeper insight into the mechanisms underlying the relearning procedure and the level (neuro/muscular) at which it occurred, at a relatively low expenditure. The role of this quantitative description in defining a personalized treatment strategy is of great interest and should be addressed in future studies.
Crystal growth and characterization of PbI2-AgI binary system

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The crystals of the binary system PbI2-AgI (PIAI) were obtained by heating the mixture of individual PbI2 (PI) and AgI (AI) placed at 30° angle in the horizontal tubular furnace of variable temperature zone. The crystals were characterized by powder XRD, TG/DTA, FT-IR and SEM. The 3.37% weight loss in the sample after heating at 853 K is due to the presence of water molecules absorbed (3446 cm–1) by the crystals during sintering and cooling process. The cell parameters of the crystal were determined using the powder X-ray data. The PbI2-AgI crystallizes in monoclinic system a = 10.799 (±0.009), b = 7.492 (±0.004), c = 6.929(±0.004) Å and α = 90°, β = 108.04(±0.073) γ = 90°, V = 533.18 Å3. The electrical conductivity measurements of the crystals showed a sudden change in the current value at the temperature range 385–393 K. The activation energy before and after the drift was found to be 0.49 and 0.35 eV respectively. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
DETERMINATION OF CATHETER WALL HEAT TRANSFER IN CARDIAC OUTPUT MEASUREMENT BY THERMODILUTION*

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY 1. A model system of the thermal dilution technique was used to determine in vitro the loss of thermal indicator across different sizes of polyethylene catheters. 2. Thermal indicator loss (caloric gain by the indicator fluid or caloric loss by the catheter) per unit length of catheters (H/L) increased as a function of the outer radius (OR) of the catheters. Linear regression analysis gave the following equation: H/L=0‐337OR+0‐073 ( r =0‐88, P <0‐05). 3. Thermal indicator loss per unit surface area (H/SA) decreased almost linearly with the following regression equation: H/SA =–1‐860 OR+0‐364 ( r =0‐97, P <001). 4. Thermal indicator loss per unit volume contained in the catheter (H/vol) decreased exponentially according to the following equation: H/vol = 89‐le −25.4(OR) ( r =0‐97, P<001). 5. This study indicates that there is a measurable loss of thermal indicator during injection corresponding to a loss of between 9 and 16% (for a 11.5 cm length of PE 50 and PE 240) of the required calories for warming the injectate to 37°C. Data is provided for correction of heat loss across the wall of a given length and diameter of polyethylene tubing.
When Do Natural Mediation Effects Differ from Their Randomized Interventional Analogues: Test and Theory

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In causal mediation analysis, the natural direct and indirect effects (natural effects) are nonparametrically unidentifiable in the presence of treatment-induced confounding, which motivated the development of randomized interventional analogues (RIAs) of the natural effects. The RIAs are easier to identify and widely used in practice. Applied researchers often interpret RIA estimates as if they were the natural effects, even though the RIAs could be poor proxies for the natural effects. This calls for practical and theoretical guidance on when the RIAs differ from or coincide with the natural effects, which this paper aims to address. We develop a novel empirical test for the divergence between the RIAs and the natural effects under the weak assumptions sufficient for identifying the RIAs and illustrate the test using the Moving to Opportunity Study. We also provide new theoretical insights on the relationship between the RIAs and the natural effects from a covariance perspective and a structural equation perspective. Additionally, we discuss previously undocumented connections between the natural effects, the RIAs, and estimands in instrumental variable analysis and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests.
Peran Literasi Keuangan, Locus of Control, Dan Financial Technology Dalam Mendorong Inklusi Keuangan UMKM

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

MSMEs play an important role in the economy, supported by financial literacy, locus of control, and financial technology. This research aims to analyze the influence of financial literacy, locus of control, and financial technology on the financial inclusion of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Palopo City. Financial literacy reflects an individual's understanding and ability to manage finances, while locus of control describes a person's level of control over financial events that affect their life. On the other hand, the adoption of financial technology plays a role as a facilitator in increas-ing access to financial services. This research uses quantitative methods with a population of 14.870 and data collection through questionnaires distributed to 120 MSMEs in Palopo City. The research results show that financial literacy, locus of control, and financial technology have a significant influ-ence on financial inclusion. Financial literacy factors and the use of financial technology are the main drivers in increasing the accessibility of financial services, while locus of control contributes to better financial decision making. These findings provide important implications for developing strategies for empowering MSMEs through increasing financial literacy, understanding locus of control, and more optimal integration of financial technology.
Policies to promote Corporate social responsibility (CSR) and assessment of CSR impacts

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

When implementing sustainable development principles, business should play the core role, and the corporate social responsibility is one of the examples of the active role of enterprises in implementing sustainable development goals. The corporate social responsibility (CSR) describes the companies that are aware of their mission and take responsibility for their impact on society in general. The CSR is vital for sustainability, competitiveness, advance of companies and development of the world economy. The CSR provides benefits for risk controlling, allows cost savings and stipulates affordability of the capital, facilitates stakeholders’ relationships and improvement of human resource management. In practice, human rights and corporate social responsibility have become an important aspect of business strategies for many companies.
The effects of laser-assisted heat treatment on warm formability of dual-phase materials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACTIn this study, the effects of local heat treatment using a low-power laser on the bending formability of DP800 sheet material were experimentally investigated. In the first step of the study, only the punch contact bending region of sheet metal was locally heated with a constant feed rate (1 mm s−1) and at different laser powers (50, 75, and 100% Watt). In the next step, the sheet material was transferred to the bending die for bending without any cooling process, and into the last stage, the sheet material was formed in different angled V-bending dies (30°, 60°, and 90°). It was observed that in heating up to 75-W power, the hardness decreased to 237 HV due to the dissolution of the martensite in the microstructure of DP material, and the springback value decreased by 39.285% due to the decrease in hardness.KEYWORDS: Laser-assisted forminglaser-assisted heat treatmentlaser-assisted heatingDP800 Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Accessing numeric data via flags and tags: A final report on a real world experiment

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An experiment is reported which: extended the concepts of data flagging and tagging to the aerospace scientific and technical literature; generated experience with the assignment of data summaries and data terms by documentation specialists; and obtained real world assessments of data summaries and data terms in information products and services. Inclusion of data summaries and data terms improved users' understanding of referenced documents from a subject perspective as well as from a data perspective; furthermore, a radical shift in document ordering behavior occurred during the experiment toward proportionately more requests for data-summarized items.
Neural signatures of the risk for bipolar disorder: A meta‐analysis of structural and functional neuroimaging studies

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective Widespread functional and structural alterations in the brain have been extensively reported in unaffected relatives (RELs) of patients with bipolar disorder (BD) who are at genetic risk for BD. A sufficiently powered meta‐analysis of structural (sMRI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) alterations in RELs is still lacking. Methods Functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging studies investigating RELs and healthy controls (HCs) published by July 2017 were included in the meta‐analyses. Study procedures were conducted in accordance with the Meta‐analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. Random‐effects coordinate‐based meta‐analyses were performed across all the studies per imaging modality using Seed‐based d Mapping (SDM). For fMRI studies, meta‐analyses were calculated for each task type. For sMRI studies, regional volumetric changes‐analyses were estimated using R. Finally, multimodal meta‐analyses of structural and functional abnormalities were performed. Results Sixty‐nine imaging studies (2195 RELs and 3169 HCs) were included in the meta‐analyses. RELs showed hyperactivation in the fronto‐striatal regions as well as parietal hypoactivation during cognition. Also, activation was increased in the amygdala during emotional processing and in the orbitofrontal cortex during reward, respectively. Frontal and superior temporal cortex were hypertrophic in RELs. The right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) showed both increased activation during cognitive tasks and greater volume in RELs. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that increased brain volume and activation are present in RELs and may represent intermediate phenotypes for the disorder. Furthermore, some neural changes including increased rIFG volume may be associated with the resilience to BD.
Integrated monitoring of multi-domain backbone connections -- Operational experience in the LHC optical private network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Novel large scale research projects often require cooperation between various different project partners that are spread among the entire world. They do not only need huge computing resources, but also a reliable network to operate on. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN is a representative example for such a project. Its experiments result in a vast amount of data, which is interesting for researchers around the world. For transporting the data from CERN to 11 data processing and storage sites, an optical private network (OPN) has been constructed. As the experiment data is highly valuable, LHC defines very high requirements to the underlying network infrastructure. In order to fulfil those requirements, the connections have to be managed and monitored permanently. In this paper, we present the integrated monitoring solution developed for the LHCOPN. We first outline the requirements and show how they are met on the single network layers. After that, we describe, how those single measurements can be combined into an integrated view. We cover design concepts as well as tool implementation highlights.
Rate Determining Factors in Protein Model Structures

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Previous research has shown a strong correlation of protein folding rates to the native state geometry, yet a complete explanation for this dependence is still lacking. Here we study the rate-geometry relationship with a simple statistical physics model, and focus on two classes of model geometries, representing ideal parallel and antiparallel structures. We find that the logarithm of the rate shows an almost perfect linear correlation with the "absolute contact order", but the slope depends on the particular class considered. We discuss these findings in the light of experimental results.
Observations and Simulations of Dropout Events and Flux Decays in October 2013: Comparing MEO Equatorial With LEO Polar Orbit

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We compare ESA PROBA‐V observations of electron flux at LEO with those from the NASA Van Allen Probes mostly at MEO for October 2013. Dropouts are visible at all energy during four storms from both satellites. Equatorially trapped electron fluxes are higher than at LEO by 10 2 (<1 MeV) to 10 5 (>2.5 MeV). We observe a quite isotropic structure of the outer belt during quiet times, contrary to the inner belt, and pitch angle dependence of high energy injection. We find a very good overlap of the outer belt at MEO and LEO at ∼0.5 MeV. We use test‐particle simulations of the energetic electrons trapped in the terrestrial magnetic field to study the outer radiation belt electron flux changes during geomagnetic storms. We show that the Dst (Disturbance storm time) effect during the main phase of a geomagnetic storm results in a betatron mechanism causing outward radial drift and a deceleration of the electrons. This outward drift motion is energy independent, pitch angle‐dependent, and represents a significant distance (∼1 L‐shell at L = 5 for moderate storms). At fixed L‐shell, this causes a decay of the LEO precipitating flux (adiabatic outward motion), followed by a return to the normal state (adiabatic inward motion) during main and recovery phases. Dst effect, associated with magnetopause shadowing and radial diffusion can explain the main characteristics of outer radiation belt electron dropouts in October 2013. We also use Fokker‐Planck simulations with event‐driven diffusion coefficients at high temporal resolution, to distinguish instantaneous loss from the gradual scattering that depopulates the slot region and the outer belt after storms. Simulations reproduce the slot formation and the gradual loss in the outer belt. The typical energy dependence of these losses leads to the absence of scattering for relativistic and ultra‐relativistic electrons in the outer belt, oppositely to dropouts.
Cost-Effectiveness of Heuristic Decision Rules for Inventory Systems with Stochastic Dynamic Demand

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

SummaryThis paper compares the cost-effectiveness of 4 heuristics to determine the ordering policy in inventory systems with dynamic stochastic demand. The Least Unit Coot method, Part Period balancing, the Silver Meal Algorithm and the Wagner-Whitin Algorithm were adjusted for the stochastic demand case, whereafter their performance was simulated over a 24 period horizon. Also in a stochastic environment the Uagner-Whitin Algorithm turned out to result in significantly lower total costs than the other heuristics.
Families caring for children in the 21st century

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

<p>In this chapter, Berman focuses on families with children and discusses the challenges of parenting children over the life course, including older adults parenting young adult children. The assumptions made about parents and the meanings assigned to parenting styles and practices, often gendered, are discussed. Socialization, in particular, is highlighted as the critical means by which parents teach meanings, practices, and processes to children, a process in which children are actively involved. While the act of parenting is observed as an experience that has remained remarkably consistent over space and time, this is offset by a focus on the creativity involved in parenting, for example, in the raising of gender nonconforming children.</p>
Problematika Penerjemahan Bahasa Arab Ke Dalam Bahasa Indonesia Bagi Siswa Kelas V Di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Darut Taqwa Sengonagung Purwosari Pasuruan

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Arabic language learning, especially in translating many experiencing problems, then that becomes the problem formulation of this thesis is: What are the problems of translating Arabic into Indonesian language for students of classes V MI. Darut Taqwa Sengonagung? What efforts do students and teachers in addressing the problems of translating Arabic into Indonesian for students MI. Darut Taqwa Sengonagung? This type of research that I use in this paper is a field research (field research), which the authors plunge directly into the environment under study is Darut Taqwa Islamic Elementary School Sengonagung Purwosari Pasuruan. Efforts will be undertaken Arabic teacher in overcoming these difficulties, among others: a) Advise students to have Arabic dictionary. b) Advise to read books in Arabic and translating practice. c) Repeating lessons students are not yet understood or explained back and extending the exercise to translate. d) Provide better teaching complex sentences in position. While the efforts of the student in overcoming the problems of translation, namely: a) Attempt to have the Arabic-Indonesian dictionary also memorize Arabic vocabulary. b) Trying to master grammar theoretically and practically. c) Ask the teacher if experiencing difficulty in learning Arabic then attempted his own. d) Reading a book in Arabic is easy and translating practice.
Raman spectroscopy of synthetic organic pigments used in 20th century works of art

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Raman microscopy allows a non‐destructive characterisation of inorganic and organic painting materials such as pigments and organic dyestuffs. The objectives of this study are the more recent organic pigments typically present in paintings and other art works from the 20th century. More than 20 organic synthetic pigments from different chemical classes could be identified by Raman spectroscopy using different excitation wavelengths (457.9, 476.5, 487.9, 514.5, 632.8, and 1064 nm). To evaluate the performance for real paint samples, varying paint mixtures of the Hansa Yellow pigment PY 3 and the binding medium Mowilith, a polyvinyl acetate (PVAC) compound, were characterised; PY 3 was determined at a 1 wt% level in the binder. In addition, commercial tube paints containing the quinacridone violet PV 19 were studied. The pigment was clearly identified in all of these more complex oil and acrylic paints. Finally, alizarin (PR 83) and a green copper phthalocyanine pigment (PG 7) could unambiguously be identified by Raman microscopy in the painting ‘Woman with mandolin in yellow and red’ of Max Beckmann dating 1950. The discovery of a red naphthol AS pigment by Raman spectroscopy in a sample from the ‘Three field workers’ by Georg Baselitz (1964/1965) demonstrated that in some cases complementary chromatographic methods are needed for a comprehensive identification of the organic pigments. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of Yoga beyond Physical Training on the Cardiovascular System: An Updated Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) poses a significant health challenge in both developing and developed nations, with unparalleled morbidity, mortality, and economic tolls. Primary prevention of CVD through lifestyle modifications has been emphasized to address this issue. Yoga, an ancient practice dating back thousands of years with roots in the Harappan and Mohenjo-Daro civilizations, offers a potential solution. Hatha yoga, which includes physical movements and breathing techniques, is the most commonly practiced form today. The health benefits of yoga have recently gained attention and are being researched globally. Yoga is beneficial in both primary and secondary prevention of diseases, particularly CVD and its risk factors. This review aims to explore the physiology of yoga, recent studies on its effect on the prevention and control of CVD, and the clinical implications of these findings.
Epidemiological features of hand,foot and mouth disease in Puyang in 2008—2012

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To analyze the epidemiological features of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD) in Puyang from 2008 to 2012.Methods A descriptive epidemiologic analysis was used in analyzing for the data of HFMD cases in Puyang by the Infectious Disease Reporting Information System from 2008 to June 6,2012.The detection for Entericvirus etiology was carried out in some cases and severe cases.Results There were 16 492 reported HFMD cases from 2008 to 2012.The epidemic period was from March to May(12th to 20th week),and it appeared as a typical single peak.HFMD cases were mainly concentrated in children ≤ 4 years old.The male cases were obviously higher than female cases.The cases were higher in scattered children than those in children at child-care center in which there were more accumulative cases in outbreak.Enterovirus 71(EV71) and Coxsackievirus A16 were both the major etilolgical agents of HFMD.Conclusion The occurrence of HFMD for groups of different age and sex,as well as seasons were different.It is younger age group that is the major target to control and prevent HFMD.The prevalent strain was EV71 in this epidemic period,by which 86.35% of the severe cases were infected.HFMD cases were mainly infected by Coxsackievirus A16 and other enterovirus in non-epidemic years and periods.Classified management to the cases is a crucial measure in prevention and control of HFMD,at the same time,it should enhance the monitoring to severe cases and controlling the outbreak of the disease.