jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Shock propagation in the outer heliosphere: 1. Pickup ions and gasdynamics

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Pickup ions are expected to play a fundamental role in determining the global structure of the heliosphere since they dominate the internal energy of the outer solar wind beyond the ionization cavity. The dynamical effect of pickup ions on the propagation characteristics of interplanetary shocks is addressed here. It is found that (1) forward and reverse shocks in a heliosphere mediated by pickup ions have higher speeds than expected of shocks in an adiabatic solar wind without pickup ions; (2) identical initial conditions evolve differently in a pickup ion mediated heliosphere compared to an adiabatic heliosphere, producing more complicated velocity, density and temperature structure, and often with multiple forward‐reverse shock pairs; (3) pickup ions act to weaken and dissipate shocks in the outer heliosphere although the velocity jumps can remain large; (4) density fluctuations in the outer pickup ion mediated heliosphere do not correlate with velocity fluctuations as well as they do in the inner heliosphere, and (5) the amplitudes of density fluctuations in a pickup ion mediated heliosphere are considerably smaller than those found in an adiabatic heliosphere without pickup ions.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF MASSIVE DOSES OF IRON GIVEN INTRAVENOUSLY TO PATIENTS WITH HYPOCHROMIC ANEMIA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Massive doses of iron (from 0.608 to 1.32 Gm. as colloidal terric hydroxide or colloidal ferric oxide) were given intravenously in single infusions to 8 different patients with hypochromic microcytic anemia. One patient was given a second injection after an interval of four months, so that nine administrations were made. The following observations were made: 1. The reticulocyte response was higher in each instance than would be expected in oral therapy. In 3 additional patients in whom injection had to be discontinued after 0.070, 0.180, and 0.123 Gm. of elemental iron had respectively been given, the reticulocyte rises were higher than were the average responses reported by Heath18 after optimal oral therapy. This at least suggests that "optimal" oral therapy does not provide a maximal stimulus to outpouring of reticulocytes from the bone marrow. Comparable doses of iron given to 3 control subjects with normal hemoglobin levels did not cause a reticulocytosis. 2. The average rate of hemoglobin regeneration per 100 cc. of blood per day was 0.224 Gm.; the lowest value was 0.16 Gm. and the highest 0.27 Gm. These figures were calculated for the rise that occurred from the day of iron administration to the time at which the rate of hemoglobin increase was obviously becoming slower. Since correction was not made for blood loss in 3 of the patients during the period of regeneration, the figures for the rate of hemoglobin formation are lower than they otherwise would have been. Even so they are distinctly greater than those usually obtained following oral therapy (table 2), but no greater than is found in an occasional patient given iron by mouth. The data suggest that the fastest rate of hemoglobin regeneration that can be stimulated by iron in subjects with hypochromic anemia approximates 0.3 Gm. per 100 cc. per day. 3. Calculations indicated that from 71.8 to 99.7 per cent of the injected iron was apparently used for the synthesis of hemoglobin. These figures are likewise lower than they would have been if several of the patients had not lost blood during the recovery period. The observation of other workers that parenterally administered iron is almost completely retained by the body and converted into hemoglobin was therefore confirmed. 4. Toxic reactions to the injected iron are described in detail. They were severe in all but two instances, and in 3 patients were so alarming that injection of iron had to be discontinued. There can be no doubt that the reactions to iron parenterally administered in large doses are great enough to contra-indicate use of this measure as a therapeutic procedure.
Catalyzing Green Mobility: Consumer Preferences for Green Energy Vehicles

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Due to growing urbanization and the increase of vehicles, most Indian cities endure traffic congestion and significant air pollution. As a result, alternate technology in autos, such as electric vehicles, may become necessary (EV). This study aims to identify consumer preferences toward electric vehicles in the Indian market. This research conducted a survey and analyzed the opinions of people regarding their preferences for electric vehicles, demographics, and some of the demotivation which might be stopping them to switch to electric vehicles altogether. This research will help in determining different factors influencing the perception of consumers toward electric vehicles and what they expect when they think about purchasing a new electric vehicle. It is important to understand that electric vehicles are really getting popular now because of the rising fuel prices and environmental concerns. People are thinking about electric vehicles and replacing them with their regular petrol or diesel vehicles. In this research there might be some challenges or roadblocks in switching to electric vehicles. This research found out that despite a favorable attitude toward electric vehicles, individuals are hesitant to transition to electric vehicles due to different hurdles connected with them. This research found out that mostly the preferences of the consumers are good charging infrastructure, a good range of the electric vehicle, pocket-friendly vehicles are the most common preferences of consumers buying an electric vehicle.
FT‐ICR‐MS‐based metabolomics: A deep dive into plant metabolism

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Metabolomics involves the identification and quantification of metabolites to unravel the chemical footprints behind cellular regulatory processes and to decipher metabolic networks, opening new insights to understand the correlation between genes and metabolites. In plants, it is estimated the existence of hundreds of thousands of metabolites and the majority is still unknown. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT‐ICR‐MS) is a powerful analytical technique to tackle such challenges. The resolving power and sensitivity of this ultrahigh mass accuracy mass analyzer is such that a complex mixture, such as plant extracts, can be analyzed and thousands of metabolite signals can be detected simultaneously and distinguished based on the naturally abundant elemental isotopes. In this review, FT‐ICR‐MS‐based plant metabolomics studies are described, emphasizing FT‐ICR‐MS increasing applications in plant science through targeted and untargeted approaches, allowing for a better understanding of plant development, responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, and the discovery of new natural nutraceutical compounds. Improved metabolite extraction protocols compatible with FT‐ICR‐MS, metabolite analysis methods and metabolite identification platforms are also explored as well as new in silico approaches. Most recent advances in MS imaging are also discussed.
A Comprehensive View: the Sideco Case Study

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In the previous chapters we discussed various specific aspects related to product configuration: the problem of product configuration, configurable products, possible approaches to product configuration, etc. Each aspect was illustrated with examples, but up to this point, we have not considered a comprehensive analysis of all the aspects associated with redesigning the configuration system in a company that intends to improve competitiveness. This chapter presents a complete example of how one company effectively managed to redesign its configuration system. In particular, this chapter deals with: the original configuration process and the problems the company had to face; the project for implementing the new configuration system; the solutions used for product modelling; the new configuration process and its advantages.
Lyophilization of Cell-Free Marek's Disease Herpesvirus and a Herpesvirus from Turkeys

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Cell extracts of the JM and GA strains of Marek's disease herpesvirus and the FC 126 strain of turkey herpesvirus were lyophilized with various stabilizers. Much higher virus titers were obtained with stabilizer than without stabilizer. Titers increased even further in the case of the Marek's disease virus strains by the addition of a chelating agent, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate.
Aqueous Reactions of Specific Organic Compounds with Ozone

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Ozone is an allotropic form of oxygen and exists as a pale‐blue gas (O 3 ) with a pungent odor. It is very reactive chemically and decomposes without difficulty (2O 3 → 3O 2 ). Ozone is used for Disinfection and for taste and odor control Control of excessive color Oxidation of iron and manganese Oxidation of organics Flocculation aid Does not form trihalomethanes (THMs) Ozone‐induced oxidations in aqueous environments can generally be described in the sequence of reactions; usually these reactions are highly selective and demonstrate slow kinetics, on the order of minutes. Part of the ozone will decompose before reaction with solutes leading to free radicals. Among the free radicals, the hydroxyl radical is one of the most reactive oxidants, which can easily oxidize all types of organic contaminants along with several inorganic solutes. Ozone is reactive with alkene and alkyne bonds and is strongly influenced by electron density at the site(s) of attack. Reactions of ozone with aromatics substituted with electron donor groups (OH, CH3, and NH 2 ) are exacerbated. However, aromatics substituted with electron withdrawing groups (COOH and NO 2 ) are retarded.
MIMFormer: Multiscale Inception Mixer Transformer for Hyperspectral and Multispectral Image Fusion

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The fusion of low-spatial-resolution hyperspectral image and high-spatial-resolution multispectral image provides an effective method to obtain high-spatial-resolution hyperspectral image. However, existing hybrid fusion architectures combining convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and transformers face significant challenges. Sequential approaches struggle with simultaneous local and global modeling, while parallel approaches often result in information redundancy. In this article, to meet diverse information demands at different layers, we propose a novel multiscale inception mixer transformer network (MIMFormer), a multiscale hybrid network based on the Inception structure integrating CNN and transformer. The core of this network is the multiscale spatial transformer (MST) structure, which enhances the detail richness of fused images by integrating local and global information at various scales. The inception spatial–spectral mixer (ISSM) module within the MST leverages an Inception architecture and employs a spectral splitting mechanism to regulate spectral channel counts across different branches. This design allows the ISSM module to efficiently extract local spatial–spectral features through convolution and max pooling, while global features are captured using a self-attention mechanism, ensuring comprehensive feature fusion across spectral groups. Experimental results on three benchmark datasets and one real remote sensing dataset demonstrate that MIMFormer outperforms ten advanced fusion methods.
Nylon Mesh Filtration Technique for Quantitative Detection of Helminth Eggs.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Description was given on the material and procedure of the nylon mesh filtration technique for quantitative detection of helminth eggs in the feces, and comparison was made between the filtration and the Kato-Katz techniques on the clearness and preservation of detected eggs and the efficiency of detection. In the filtration technique, fecal matter is filtered through nylon mesh to concentrate the eggs and the eggs are sealed in the mounting medium by melting the mesh fibers. This technique can detect all the helminth eggs including hook worm and small Clonorchis eggs that are difficult to be recognized by the Kato-Katz technique. The rate of coincidence of the positive and negative slides of Schistosoma eggs between the two techniques was 88.7%, being statistically high. The filtration technique can detect 2.4 times number of eggs that are collected by the Kato-Katz technique, and the sealed eggs are clear enough to identify and can be preserved for months. This filtration technique, simple and suitable for field use, can contribute to find the helminth infections and to evaluate the control work even in developing countries.
Access To View And The Role Of Sight In The Evaluation Of Architectural Environment Of Patient Room Settings

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction View is fundamentally important to the healing process, well-being and consequently the cost of care. Unobstructed view has been connected to more frequent satisfaction and comfort, as well as higher threshold to discomfort. Τhe aim of the study was to investigate the role of sight in the evaluation of the architectural environment of patient room settings. Method View access in semi-private and six-bed patient rooms was investigated using architectural documentation and user survey. In addition, two research hypotheses were studied: first, user group and room capacity would influence view access evaluation and second, there would be a significant interrelation between access to the view and patient room ambience evaluation. The survey sample was α convenience one. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS 20, using chi-square exact tests of independence. The chosen level of significance was p < 0.01. Results The sample studied comprised of 450 users, 53,8% patients and 46,2% visitors. 65.8% of the sample came from six-bed wards and 34.2% from double-bed wards. Regarding age, 17.8% were ≤ 30 years, 15.1% were 30 to 39 years, 20.4% were 40 to 49 years, 18.4% were 50 to 59 years and 28.2% were over 60 years while regarding gender, 54.2% were male and 45.8% were women. Three out of five participants reported ease of access and the rest felt impeded. The first hypothesis was partially confirmed, since ease of access was more frequent in semi-private patient rooms. The second hypothesis was confirmed, because access to the view significantly interacted with the patient room ambience evaluation. Conclusions Ease of access to the view was linked to more frequent positive evaluation and greater tolerance towards possible discomfort situations. There were indications that the existence of balcony doors, as opposed to conventional windows with sill, had some positive part in the results.
The relationship between pet ownership and health outcomes: German longitudinal evidence

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Previous cross-sectional and intervention studies have suggested that pet owners may enjoy better physical and mental health than non-owners. This paper presents longitudinal evidence from a major national representative longitudinal survey: the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). Because the data are longitudinal, it is possible to assess the impact on health outcomes (measured by number of doctor visits) of longer term pet ownership, and also of gaining and losing a pet. An unexpected finding was that all health benefits appear to accrue to homeowners only. The main result, then, is that homeowners who have owned a pet for five years or more make significantly fewer doctor visits than non pet owners. However, losing a pet appears to impose immediate health costs. The results hold after controlling for other variables associated with use of health services, and also for health status at baseline. They still hold when a proxy for unobserved heterogeneity is included in equations.
Improving the Snakebite Envenoming First Aid Treatment of Farmers in Rural Areas of Indonesia: An Educational Intervention Program

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Snakebite Envenoming (SBE) cases are a worldwide health problem. Farmers have a big risk of becoming victims of SBE. SBE management is an issue that needs to be resolved due to a lack of information regarding the appropriate management of SBE. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of educational intervention programs on the knowledge, attitude, practice, and self-efficacy of farmers toward SBE management. Methods: The design of this study was a non-blinded cluster randomized controlled trial design, applied to 80 farmers in six subdistricts from rural areas of Indonesia. A multistage sampling was used to select participants. Data collection tools included a three-part questionnaire that consisted of demographics, knowledge, self-efficacy, and an observation checklist for SBE first aid practices for farmers. Education and training sessions were carried out for eight weeks for the intervention group by providing eight sessions of education and training activities. The effectiveness of the intervention was analyzed using a dependent t-test, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The results of this study showed that there were significant differences in knowledge, attitude, practice, and self-efficacy (p<0.05) of farmers in SBE first aid before and after the program. The intervention group showed better results compared to the control group after the follow-up. Conclusion: The educational intervention programs using the digital health education method with snakebite first aid applications have proven positive effect in increasing knowledge, attitudes, practices, and self-efficacy of SBE first aid among farmers.
Synthesis of Linoleic Acid 13-Hydroperoxides from Safflower Oil Utilizing Lipoxygenase in a Coupled Enzyme System with In-Situ Oxygen Generation

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Linoleic acid hydroperoxides are versatile intermediates for the production of green note aroma compounds and bifunctional ω-oxo-acids. An enzyme cascade consisting of lipoxygenase, lipase and catalase was developed for one-pot synthesis of 13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid starting from safflower oil. Reaction conditions were optimized for hydroperoxidation using lipoxygenase 1 from Glycine max (LOX-1) in a solvent-free system. The addition of green surfactant Triton CG-110 improved the reaction more than two-fold and yields of >50% were obtained at linoleic acid concentrations up to 100 mM. To combine hydroperoxidation and oil hydrolysis, 12 lipases were screened for safflower oil hydrolysis under the reaction conditions optimized for LOX-1. Lipases from Candida rugosa and Pseudomonas fluorescens were able to hydrolyze safflower oil to >75% within 5 h at a pH of 8.0. In contrast to C. rugosa lipase, the enzyme from P. fluorescens did not exhibit a lag phase. Combination of P. fluorescens lipase and LOX-1 worked well upon LOX-1 dosage and a synergistic effect was observed leading to >80% of hydroperoxides. Catalase from Micrococcus lysodeikticus was used for in-situ oxygen production with continuous H2O2 dosage in the LOX-1/lipase reaction system. Foam generation was significantly reduced in the 3-enzyme cascade in comparison to the aerated reaction system. Safflower oil concentration was increased up to 300 mM linoleic acid equivalent and 13-hydroperoxides could be produced in a yield of 70 g/L and a regioselectivity of 90% within 7 h.
Computer-generated holographic optics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text A.R. Agachev, N.P. Larionov, T.A. Mironova, A.A. Nyushkin, D.V. Protasevich, and R.A. Rafikov, "Computer-generated holographic optics," J. Opt. Technol. 69, 871-878 (2002) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
PENGARUH LIFE STYLE, WORD OF MOUTH, HARGA, KUALITAS PRODUK, DAN FASILITAS TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PADA TOKO JADI FASHION JEMBER

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This research aims to determine the effect life style, word of mouth, price, product quality, and facilities on purchasing decisions at Toko Jadi Fashion Jember. The population used in this research is all consumers who have purchased at Toko Jadi Fashion. The sample used in this research is engineering purposive sampling. This type of research uses quantitative research. The tests used were data instrument tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear analysis, coefficient of determination (R2), t test and F test. The results of this study show that life style and facilities partially do not have a significant effect on purchasing decisions, where as word of mouth, price and product quality partially have a significant effect on purchasing decisions. Simultaneously life style, word of mouth, price, product quality, and facilities have a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions at Toko Jadi Fashion Jember. Based on the results of this research, Toko Jadi Fashion can maintain stability in pricing well, namely with affordable prices according to consumer needs and providing discounts or discounts. Apart from that, it can maintain and improve the quality of each product. So communication word of mouth will increase because consumers continue to recommend to others regarding the price and quality of products at Toko Jadi Fashion Jember.
Education of U.S. primary care physicians at the Latin American medical school in Cuba

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Growing global health disparities have led to an international call for reform in physician education to meet the need for more responsive providers, emphasizing social accountability, with its four main criteria being relevance, quality, cost-effectiveness, and equity. In contrast to traditional models, Cuba’s Latin American Medical School (la Escuela Latinoamericana de Medicina, ELAM) promotes primary healthcare for disadvantaged populations by providing free medical education to foreign students from low-income communities, including United States (U.S.) citizens. This study examines the processes and standards by which the Latin American Medical School provides socially accountable education, with an emphasis on current and former students from the U.S. The objective of this study is to assess the efforts of ELAM to educate medical students in socially accountable and ethical ways. Methods: Guided by the four abovementioned criteria of social accountability, we thematically analyzed survey comments from 56 past U.S. graduates of the ELAM and interviews with four current U.S. students and eight instructors. Results: Relevance of the ELAM´s training was reflected in the integration of public health practices (e.g., community assessments) and medical care relevant to local and international health concerns. Quality is manifested in the school’s promotion of evidence-based care through tailored academic content for the U.S. students, expanded educational facilities throughout Cuba, and extensive clinical experiences. ELAM exhibits cost-effectiveness via free education and other financial assistance. Promoting equity in healthcare is evident in students’ desire to care for underserved populations with whom they identify. Graduates, current students, and instructors demonstrate that educating physicians from marginalized communities helps to answer the call for social accountability; this was supported by the educational processes and achieved outcomes. Discussion: These findings indicate that the Latin American Medical School’s mission and core activities meet the WHO’s criteria for social accountability and advance current understanding of such programs.