jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis complicated by partial ruptures and a perforation of the small intestine in a dog

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT A 2‐year‐old male Bouvier de Flandres was admitted because of muco‐haemorrhagic diarrhoea of three weeks duration. Radiographic examination revealed signs of gastrointestinal perforation with peritonitis and ileus. Laparotomy revealed a severely changed intestine with longitudinal ruptures of the external part of the wall, and jejunal perforation causing an acute peritonitis. The mesenteric lymph nodes were enlarged. A diffuse eosinophilic gastroenteritis and lymphadenitis were found at autopsy with granulomatous lesions in the oesophagus, stomach and intestines.
Identification of some Mathematical needs Linked to the Use of Mathematics at work

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article offers a theoretical approach to a problem which is normally solved pragmatically without ever being raised at all: it attempts to define what mathematical techniques are necessary for tasks in which it is not evident that mathematics are being used. The concept of a tool introduced by Vygotsky helps to show how mathematical knowledge is inscribed within an artefact, so as to become invisible to its users. A study of the maths which are at work in occupational practice may thus be helpful in building up an understanding of the necessary relationship between the teaching of mathematics and the requirements of vocational training which, it is supposed, are fulfilled by that teaching. With the anthropological approach developed in maths teaching (mainly in France: Chevallard, 1991), it has been possible to test out a theoretical framework which is known for its application to vocational teaching problems. Thus, we emphasise the fact that a tool is socially determined and that this, in its turn, determines the way people think about problem-solving.
Dynamic Features of Body Mass Index in Late Life Predict Cognitive Trajectories and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Longitudinal Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The causal relationships of late-life body mass index (BMI) with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains debated. Objective: We aimed to assess the associations of dynamic BMI features (ΔBMIs) with cognitive trajectories, AD biomarkers, and incident AD risk. Methods: We analyzed an 8-year cohort of 542 non-demented individuals who were aged ≥65 years at baseline and had BMI measurements over the first 4 years. ΔBMIs were defined as changing extent (change ≤ or >5%), variability (standard deviation), and trajectories over the first 4 years measured using latent class trajectory modeling. Linear mixed-effect models were utilized to examine the influence of ΔBMIs on changing rates of AD pathology biomarkers, hippocampus volume, and cognitive functions. Cox proportional hazards models were used to test the associations with AD risk. Stratified analyzes were conducted by the baseline BMI group and age. Results: Over the 4-year period, compared to those with stable BMI, individuals who experienced BMI decreases demonstrated accelerated declined memory function ( p = 0.006) and amyloid-β deposition ( p = 0.034) while BMI increases were associated with accelerated hippocampal atrophy ( p = 0.036). Three BMI dynamic features, including stable BMI, low BMI variability, and persistently high BMI, were associated with lower risk of incident AD ( p < 0.005). The associations were validated over the 8-year period after excluding incident AD over the first 4 years. No stratified effects were revealed by the BMI group and age. Conclusions: High and stable BMI in late life could predict better cognitive trajectory and lower risk of AD.
THE EFFECTS OF GROUP SOLUTION-FOCUSED COUNSELING IN REDUCING PARENT-CHILD CONFLICTS IN ADOLESCENTS

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

هديكچ هفلوم ضراعت بانتجا يا طباور رد ريذپان هب يگداوناخ رامش يم دور و هب هويش يريگراك يرورض نآ لح تهج رثوم ياه تسا . يهورگ هرواشم يشخبرثا نييعت رضاح شهوژپ فده هار لح دلاو تاضراعت شهاك رب روحم رهش ناناوجون يدنزرف دوب جرك . لماش شهوژپ نيا هيلوا هنومن 180 هك دندوب رفن سايقم ه ي كيتكات لح ياه ضراعت ليمكت ار دندومن . رد اهنآ هرمن هك يناسك زا سايقم ه كيتكات ياه لح دوب نيگنايم زا رتلااب رايعم فارحنا كي ضراعت 30 رفن ود رد يفداصت تروص هب اددجم و باختنا يفداصت شور هب لرتنك و شيامزآ هورگ ) هورگ ره رد 15 رفن ( دندش هدرامگ . يندومزآ ياه ه تروص هب شيامزآ هورگ رد رابكي هتفه ر ضرعم 8 هسلج 90 هقيقد هار يهورگ هرواشم يا روحم لح دنتفرگ رارق . سپ هورگ ود ره زا نامزمه ناياپ رد هب نومزآ دمآ لمع . هداد شور زا هدافتسا اب شهوژپ زا لصاح ياه دنچ سنايراوك كت و يريغتم ليلحت و هيزجت دروم يريغتم دنتفرگ رارق . هتفاي د ناشن شهوژپ ياه يهورگ هرواشم هك دا هار لح يرگشاخرپ شهاك رب روحم شهاك ،يملاك يرگشاخرپ تسا رثوم للادتسا تراهم شيازفا و يكيزيف .
Effect of crustal density on gravity interpolation at large data gaps: Case study for Africa

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

One of the great challenges that the IAG African Geoid Project faces is the significantly large gravity data gaps. Simple interpolation of the gravity data does not add new information at the large data gaps. Accordingly, the variable lateral crustal density model produced by the University of New Brunswick (Steng et al., 2019), available as a 30″×30″ grid, has been employed in the framework of the non-ambiguous window remove-restore technique (Abd-Elmotaal and Kühtreiber, 2003), aiming for better smoothed reduced anomalies to minimize the interpolation errors. The lateral crustal density model assigns the great lakes with density equal to 1.0 g/cm3, and the oceans with density equal to zero. This causes a misleading when computing the effect of topographic masses in the window remove-restore technique. Accordingly, a density model compatible with the computation of the effect of topographic masses within the window remove-restore technique has been developed. A set of Digital Density Models DDMs is needed for the computation of the effect of the topographic masses. This has been achieved by the block average operator technique. The effect of implementing the crustal density is computed by the comparison of the interpolated gravity using the density models versus that using constant densities. The results are shown and broadly discussed.
COMBINED HIGH TIBIAL OSTEOTOMY AND AUTOLOGOUS CHONDROCYTE IMPLANTATION FOR EARLY KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction and aim: Early symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee poses a difficult challenge to orthopaedic surgeons, particularly in the presence of malalignment. Most surgical options are palliative. Our aim was to assess combined high tibial osteotomy (HTO) and matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) as a curative option. Methods Patients with localised medial compartment OA and varus malalignment were identified. Suitability for the above procedure was confirmed at arthroscopy and specimen taken for culture. HTO and MACI procedures were performed in one sitting by a single surgeon. Patients received three months rehabilitation and function was assessed preoperatively and at three-monthly intervals. Results Twelve patients were identified: nine male; average age 46 years (27–58). Mean varus deformity was 6 degrees. Two patients also had evidence of osteochondritis dissecans, and two early patello-femoral OA. Eight patients had had previous surgery to the knee. Eleven patients had a lateral closing wedge osteotomy; the medial opening wedge was performed in a case of leg shortening. Mean operation duration was 72 minutes (60–90). The graft was fixed with fibrin glue in all cases, and augmented with stitches or vicryl pins in five cases. Mean defect size was 6.2cm2 (2–12). There were three complications: one DVT, a haemarthrosis and a graft detachment. Average follow-up was 16 months. MRI scans at three months show oedematous tissue at the defect sites, contrasting with the fluid filled defects seen preoperatively. Scans at one-year show hyaline-like cartilage infill with similar signal characteristics to native hyaline cartilage. Six minute walk test and knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score indicate significantly improved functional capacity at six months and one year. Conclusions Preliminary results suggest combined HTO and MACI is successful for young patients with early OA associated with malalignment.
Design of Wireless Links Using Large Antenna Arrays with Channel Correlation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The link where both the transmitter and receiver can use a large antenna array is studied, proposed as a method of antenna offloading and connecting access points in a Two-Tier cellular network. For correlated fading channels, receiver diversity techniques perform worse than the proposed Gram-Schmidt Precoding Algorithm, which successively orthogonalizes the column space of the transmitted streams for a single user. Due to averaging effects from using many antenna elements, filters can be approximated using channel correlation information. A block successive interference cancellation receiver is used to extend the proposed algorithm for the multi-user case. Finally the design of Hybrid Beamformers for limited RF-Chain systems is studied, where phase-only processing is done at the RF-band, followed by digital processing at the baseband. A row combiner, that clusters groups of antenna elements sufficiently correlated, is shown to outperform a random projection scheme that has a Discrete Fourier Transform matrix structure.
Échographie clinique en pré-hospitalier : enquête transversale des motifs d’intervention conduisant à son utilisation dans la région Aquitaine-Limousin-Poitou-Charentes de juin à juillet 2016

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: for thirty years, the use of clinical ultrasound performed at bedside has been steadily growing in emergency services. More recently, it has also found its place in prehospital settings with the advent of ultraportable ultrasound devices especially for the early management of severe trauma. We can assume that the contribution of such a tool is not limited to severe trauma. The main objective is to analyze the frequency of use of the ultraportable ultrasound device by the French mobile emergency and resuscitation service (SMUR) depending on the reason for intervention in order to describe the practice of pre-hospital ultrasonography in the Aquitaine-Limousin- Poitou-Charentes region in 2016. Method: a cross-sectional, descriptive, multicenter study was conducted between June and July 2016 in all SMUR centers of the region. Emergency physicians have been contacted directly by phone on their posted time. They were asked about the use of ultrasound in SMUR, the overall frequency of use and depending on the response patterns, their ultrasound training level. In parallel, a questionnaire was emailed to all SMUR department heads of the region for a more general analysis. Results: 75 physicians, coming from 44 SMUR departments were included (completeness 98%). The practice of 42 physicians using pre-hospital ultrasonography was analyzed. 93% of physicians frequently use the ultrasound when faced with severe trauma, 29% of physicians when faced with no traumatic shock or abdominal pain. Fewer doctors often use ultrasound for acute respiratory distress (21%), chest pain (12%) or cardiac arrest (7%). In the ALPC region, 13 SMUR centers have an ultrasound system (30%). Concerning the ultrasound training, 25% of the 75 physicians initially included, had no training and more than half leant towards short training programs (training through mentoring, Winfocus, PREP) as opposed to university diploma. The analysis of questionnaires sent to department heads could not be carried out due to an insufficient number of responses. Conclusion: clinical ultrasound in pre-hospital settings is not limited to severe trauma. There is also a significant use in no traumatic shock and abdominal pain. The place of ultrasonography in management protocols shall be more precisely defined in order to avoid delay in the management of pre-hospital and hospital care.
Assessing the Microbial Impact on the Performance of Bentonite Clay at Different Thermo-Hydro-Geochemical Conditions

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Because of its swelling capacity, compacted bentonite clay is a suitable buffer material in deep geological repositories for high-level nuclear waste. However, this only applies if the swelling capacity is maintained. Accordingly, bentonites have to be stable to changing temperature, humidity, infiltrating fluids or microbial activity. In batch experiments, we investigated combined microbial and thermo-hydro-geochemical effects on the swelling capacity of uncompacted bentonite MX-80. Bentonite was exposed to fluids of different ionic strength and the bacterium Stenotrophomonas bentonitica. Bacterial growth was monitored by counting colony-forming units while the swelling capacity of bentonite was evaluated using in situ XRD at varied temperatures and humidity. The presence of bentonite prolonged the survival of S. bentonitica. However, electron microscopy, XRD and ICP-OES analyses showed neither an interaction of S. bentonitica with bentonite, nor significant changes in the swelling capacity or element composition. The swelling capacity and diffraction peak intensity were, however, strongly reduced by the ionic strength of the fluid and the exposure time. The study highlights that bentonite is affected by thermo-hydro-geochemical and microbial processes to different degrees and that the complexity of different co-occurring factors in potential nuclear waste repositories is important to consider in safety assessments.
Elder Authority and the Situational Diagnosis of Diarrheal Disease as Normal Infant Development in Northeast Thailand

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Research was conducted in rural Northeast Thailand to understand how mothers perceive children's acute illness episodes, and their resulting illness management strategies. Although diarrheal disease is one of the leading causes of illness among young children in Thailand, interviews revealed that mothers frequently do not classify infantile diarrhea as an “illness.” Infantile diarrhea is commonly labeled thai su, a type of diarrhea believed necessary to “lighten the body” so that the infant can attain a new developmental stage, such as sitting up, standing, or walking. Consequently, mothers do not perceive infection-related diarrheal illness as common in infants, and therefore do not direct much attention to prevention, nor manage diarrheal cases in a manner consistent with biomedical recommendations. In this article I describe local explanatory models of diarrheal illness, and discuss the role of situational factors and elder authority in determining how illness episodes are assessed and managed.
Genes encoding staphylococcal enterotoxins G and I are linked and separated by DNA related to other staphylococcal enterotoxins.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Fifteen randomly selected Staphylococcus aureus isolates, known to carry the staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) G determinant (seg), were shown to carry the SEI determinant (sei). To determine whether these two genes are linked, two S. aureus strains (FRI445 and FRI572), each containing the seg and sei determinants, were further analyzed. In these strains, sei is located 2,002 bp upstream of seg. Within the intergenic nucleotide sequence are three regions of nucleotide sequence with significant identity to the sequences of other SE genes. Characterization of the DNA regions surrounding the seg and sei determinants will allow a better understanding of the association between these two genes and may explain why they are so frequently observed simultaneously in S. aureus isolates.
Gouttes de fluide magnétique en champ tournant : théorie, expériences et simulations

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Due to a combination of responsiveness to external magnetic fields and their deformability, magnetic fluid droplets make an interesting material that has found many applications in microfluidics. This work explores the dynamics of such droplets in a rotating magnetic field. The droplets are examined using multiple approaches – theoretically, experimentally and using simulations. When the rotating magnetic field is weak and the droplet’s deformation is small, the droplet’s motion is calculated analytically. It is found that the droplet’s shape evolution is governed by a system of three nonlinear differential equations. In the small deformation limit, the motion of the droplet is qualitatively governed by a parameter proportional to the capillary number – the ratio of viscous drag to surface tension forces. The experimental observation of magnetic droplets obtained by the separation of a ferrofluid in two liquid phases, qualitatively follows the analytic solution, however, there is a significant quantitative discrepancy. A simulation based on the boundary element methods is developed to calculate the dynamics of the droplets up to medium deformations. It is found that good mesh maintenance is required to produce accurate simulation results. A phase diagram is produced, which shows the droplet dynamics depending on the rotating field strength and frequency. Finally, the collective dynamics of the droplets is examined experimentally. For a certain magnetic field strength and frequency, the droplets form rotating ensembles with a triangular order - two dimensional rotating crystals. The dynamics of small ensembles is reproduced by treating the droplets as point torques.
Structure modification of ginsenosides:investigation of production of ginsenoside-Rh_1 and-Rh_2

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Studies showed that ginsenoside-Rh_2 has in-hibitory effect on many kinds of cancer cells andginsenoside-Rh_1 activates adenylate cyclase,with-out induction differentiation of cancer cells.Sinceginsenoside-Rh_1 and Rh_2 in ginseng is trace ele-mant,we produced two compounds through alka-line hydrolysis of the crude saponin of the leavesof American ginseng(Panax quinquefolium L.).These compounds were proved to be ginsenoside-Rh_1(0.98%,yield)and -Rh_2(1.86%,yield),respectively,by mearing mp,the mp of themixure with authentic sample,and comparing TLCand ~(13)C-NMR with that of authentic sample.
Bimodal Distribution of Tropical Cyclogenesis in the Caribbean: Characteristics and Environmental Factors

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Tropical cyclogenesis critically depends on the presence of warm water at the sea surface. For the North Atlantic basin as a whole, the tropical storm season starts in May, peaks in September, and then declines, generally following the seasonal warming and cooling of sea surface temperature. In the Caribbean, in contrast, there is a distinct bimodal distribution in the number of tropical storms formed, with peaks in June and October separated by a significant minimum in July. The timing of the observed minimum in tropical cyclogenesis appears to be related to the strengthening of the easterly trade winds over the Caribbean associated with the onset of the so-called veranillo, or midsummer drought (MSD), previously recognized over south-central Mexico, Central America, and parts of the Caribbean. It appears that the observed minimum in cyclogenesis is caused by a combination of environmental factors related to the strengthening of the easterly trade winds across the Caribbean Basin. The strengthening easterly trade winds and their associated changes in wind stress curl give rise to enhanced upwelling in the southwestern Caribbean. This appears to trigger an enhanced local atmosphere–ocean coupling, giving rise to very unfavorable conditions in several environmental variables including cooler sea surface temperature (SST), higher sea level pressure (SLP), increase in outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), and decrease in precipitable water content (PRW). Moreover, strengthening trade winds result in increases in tropospheric vertical wind shear (VSH). Except for OLR, these environmental variables become least favorable for southwestern Caribbean cyclogenesis in July. In contrast, the transition from weak to intense convective activity in the eastern Pacific results in weaker trade winds in the Caribbean in October. The resulting westerly wind anomalies lead to weakening upwelling, warmer SST, enhanced convection, and moist air coupled with weaker VSH in the southwestern Caribbean. All variables, except OLR, then become most favorable for cyclogenesis. In the rest of the Caribbean, some of the conditions, primarily SST related, are not fully met. Nevertheless, the southwestern Caribbean appears to dominate the rest of the Caribbean in terms of setting the stage for either favorable or unfavorable conditions for cyclogenesis in the whole Caribbean Basin. Therefore, ocean–atmosphere interaction over the southwestern Caribbean appears to play an integral role in both suppressing and enhancing tropical cyclogenesis in the Caribbean on an annual basis.
Indium Triflate Catalysed Ene and Friedel Crafts Additions to &#945;-Imino Esters: A One-Pot Synthesis of &#945;-Amino Acid Derivatives

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The indium catalysed additions of electron-rich alkenes and heteroaromatics to an activated α-imino ester is described. The moisture-sensitive substrate is prepared in situ facilitating a convenient synthesis of unnatural α-amino acid derivatives in one-pot from commercially available reagents. Keywords: Indium, Lewis acid, Catalysis, Friedel-Crafts, Imino-ene
LCN2 Inhibits the BMP9-induced Osteogenic Differentiation throughReducing Wnt/β-catenin Signaling via Interacting with LRP6 in MouseEmbryonic Fibroblasts

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: Due to its effective osteogenic ability, BMP9 is a promising candidate for bone regeneration medicine. Whereas, BMP9 can also induce adipogenesis simultaneously. LCN2 is a cytokine associated with osteogenesis and adipogenesis. Reducing the adipogenic potential may be a feasible measure to enhance the osteogenic capability of BMP9. Objective: The objective of the study was to explore the role of LCN2 in regulating the BMP9-initialized osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), and clarify the possible underlying mechanism. Methods: Histochemical stain, western blot, real-time PCR, laser confocal, immunoprecipitation, cranial defect repair, and fetal limb culture assays were used to evaluate the effects of LCN2 on BMP9-induced osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, as well as Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Results: LCN2 was down-regulated by BMP9. The BMP9-induced osteogenic markers were inhibited by LCN2 overexpression, but the adipogenic markers were increased; LCN2 knockdown exhibited opposite effects. Similar results were found in bone defect repair and fetal limb culture tests. The level of β-catenin nucleus translocation was found to be reduced by LCN2 overexpression, but increased by LCN2 knockdown. The inhibitory effect of LCN2 overexpression on the osteogenic capability of BMP9 was reversed by β-catenin overexpression; whereas, the effect of LCN2 knockdown on promoting BMP9 osteogenic potential was almost eliminated by β-catenin knockdown. LCN2 could bind with LRP6 specifically, and the inhibitory effect of LCN2 on the osteogenic potential of BMP9 could not be enhanced by LRP6 knockdown. Conclusion: LCN2 inhibits the BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation but promotes its adipogenic potential in MEFs, which may be partially mediated by reducing Wnt/β-catenin signaling via binding with LRP6.
The Journal of the Quekett Microscopical Club, v. 1 (1868-1869), Page 165, ASC0003bii

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

‘Science Gossip’ is born from a collaboration between an Arts and Humanities Research Council project in the UK, called ‘Constructing Scientific Communities: Citizen Science in the 19th and 21st Centuries’ (ConSciCom) and the Missouri Botanical Garden who are providing content from the Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL).