jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Marine natural products with anti-inflammation effects

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The ocean possesses a complex setting with high pressure, high salinity, oligotrophy, low temperature and weak illumination conditions. To survive and evolve in such harsh surroundings, marine organisms metabolize a series of chemicals known as secondary metabolites which indicate structural and functional diversity to adapt interspecific survival competition. During recent decades, the anti-inflammatory property of marine natural products has come under scrutiny as inflammation involves in the vast majority of diseases. Correspondingly, a myriad of marine bioactive molecules including terpenes, polypeptides, polysaccharides, sterols and many others may bring a new insight into inflammation therapies with multifarious sources and minimal side effects. And a better understanding of their mechanisms of anti-inflammation may lead to better treatments for numerous diseases. Herein, the research progress of marine-derived anti-inflammation compounds and the relevant mechanisms were reviewed, to provide a basis for the research and development of anti-inflammatory marine drugs.
Nursing Practice 2018- Evaluating the readiness of emergency department of Yazd university hospitals in response to disasters and accidents based on W.H.O standards

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Hospitals have a really important role in responding to disasters. Since nurses are one among the most important group of the health team and play multi-roles in patient treatment, improvement of their knowledge and skills helps them to act better in disasters. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a disaster management training program on the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of nursing staffs. Educational planning and managing critical situations of accidents and disasters are among the foremost important issues. Triage, which suggests the classification of patients and injuries supported specific situations and wishes , is one among the important tasks of hospitals sometimes of disasters. In this study, triage knowledge and practice of nurses working in hospitals affiliated to Ilam University of Medical Sciences are evaluated. For several years, due to the fact that our country is vulnerable to natural and man-made hazards, especially in the health field, managers have been urged to assess the extent of their management’s readiness to respond to hazards. Fortunately, policy-making The widespread relevance of the health system in disasters and incidents is aligned with this; communicating validation standards and evaluating various health centers based on various standards, such as HSI, SARA, etc., is evidence of this. Most international standards examine the complexity of readiness in three functional, structural and non-functional areas, but this should not be overlooked: evaluations are of value when analyzed by specialized committees and measures got to modify the deviation from the criteria; plan and operational. About emergency preparedness for accidents and disasters; WHO has prepared and provided a tool for assessing the readiness of emergency medical emergencies. In this study, we tried to use the prevailing checklist for the readiness of three general hospitals within the city of Yazd To be evaluated.
Micropower voltage reference

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This report describes the author’s final year project in Electrical and Electronic Engineering School in Nanyang Technological University. The main objective of this report is to design a voltage reference whose output does not vary with temperature using 0.18um CMOS process technology and simulation through the use of cadence software. A current mode approach is taken to design the voltage reference in this project. Voltage reference is required in many integrated circuits to ensure their proper functionality. In this report, literature review on BVR was conducted, followed by a proposed BVR design and simulation results. The proposed design implemented with 0.18um CMOS process is found to achieve an output voltage of 0.8V. It is able to work down to 1.2V supply and has a temperature coefficient of 14.32 ppm/ degree C for a temperature range of 0 degree C to 80 degree C.
Boosting Electrochemical Performance of Lithium-Rich Manganese-Based Cathode Materials through a Dual Modification Strategy with Defect Designing and Interface Engineering

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Low Coulombic efficiency, severe capacity fading and voltage attenuation, and poor rate performance are currently great obstacles for the industrial application of lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials (LRMCs) in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, a dual modification strategy combining defect designing with interface engineering is reported to solve the above problems synchronously. Oxygen vacancies, a carbon nitride protective layer, and a fast ion conductor are simultaneously introduced in the LRMCs. It has been found that oxygen vacancies can suppress the release of irreversible oxygen, which is in favor of improving the initial Coulombic efficiency, the carbon nitride protective layer can improve the structural stability and alleviate the attenuation of capacity and voltage, and the fast ion conductor can promote the diffusion rate of Li+ and electron conductivity and thus enhance the rate capability. The modified material exhibits significantly enhanced electrochemical performances, including a favorable capacity retention rate of 94.2% over 120 cycles at 1C (1C = 200 mAh g-1) and excellent rate capabilities of 173.1 and 136.9 mAh g-1 can be maintained at 5 and 10C after 100 cycles, respectively. Hence, the well-designed dual modification strategy with defect design and interface engineering provides significant exploration for the development and industrialization of LRMCs with high performance.
The Melbourne Philharmonic Society under Contract to the Australian Broadcasting Commission: Preservation and Triumph

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC) took over the Society's choir under the 1937 agreement between Melbourne Philharmonic Society and ABC, and with its government funding the ABC was able to be a powerful collaborator and patron. The early years of the Society's association with the ABC is addressed with discussion of why the agreement came about, some of the problems or controversies that rose and making observations about other choirs the ABC worked with.
MHC-II MARKER POTENTIAL LINKED TO MOTILE AEROMONAD SEPTICAEMIA DISEASE RESISTANCE IN AFRICAN CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

One of the important issues in catfish farming is motile aeromonad septicaemia (MAS) disease caused by the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila. This study aimed to find the MHC-II marker potential for marker-based selection to generate MAS disease resistance of African catfish. PCR method was applied to identify catfish (body length: 7-8 cm) population that have MHC-II marker. Fish with and without the marker were then challenged by intraperitonially injecting of 0.1 mL/fish with A. hydrophila (105 cfu/mL). The results showed that the survival of fish having MHC-II marker (77.50 ± 4.00%) was higher than that of fish without the marker (53.33 ± 4.77%). Fish carrying MHC-II marker fish has also higher total erythrocytes, total leukocytes, phagocytic activity, and hematocrit levels than that of fish without the marker. The PCR results using specific primer for MHC-II showed a specific DNA band of 426 bp in fish having the marker, while there were no DNA bands in fish without the marker. Results of the PCR analyses showed that the percentage of progenies carrying MHC-II marker was 80%, while progenies from broodstock without the marker was 0%; this indicated that MHC-II marker could be inherited to the offsprings. Thus, the MHC-II marker could be used as a molecular marker of MAS disease resistance catfish.
Quantification of dislocation structures from anelastic deformation behaviour

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The pre-yield deformation behaviour (i.e., at stresses below the yield stress) of two materials, pure iron and a low-alloy steel, and its anelastic nature are analysed at room temperature, before and after the dislocation structures are varied by plastic deformation. It is shown, based on tensile experiments, that this behaviour can be explained by limited reversible glide of dislocations without essential changes in the dislocation structure. Moreover, a physically-based model that characterises the dislocation structure by two variables, the dislocation density and the effective dislocation segment length, is used to quantitatively describe this deformation behaviour. The model validity is further evaluated by comparison with dislocation densities from X-Ray Diffraction measurements.
American neutral rights reappraised: identity or interest in the foreign policy of the early Republic?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article analyses the early American commitment to maintaining its neutral rights from several theoretical perspectives. Rejecting recent constructivist interpretations as unsubstantiated by the empirical evidence, it concludes that early American leaders largely mirrored traditional eighteenth century mercantilist practices to suit the interests of the United States. In particular, Jefferson's ‘two-tiered’ approach to the international system was based on astringent calculations of power rather than prevailing notions of ‘republicanism’. This ideology, while manifest in partisan rhetoric, had little measurable impact on the conduct of early American neutral rights policy. By focusing on the relationship of theory and practice in this context, this article offers a case study of the role of norms and ideology in the shaping of foreign policy in a republican state.
[Study of the prevalence of sleep apnea syndrome in patients with chronic diseases of the respiratory organs using pulse oximetry and polysomnography].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the literature, depending upon the group of subjects investigated and the diagnostic criteria applied, the prevalence of the sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is reported to be between 1 and 10%. In the present study, 220 nonselected male patients (age range: 45.1 +/- 11.4 years, Brocca index 109.0 +/- 18.0%, 147 cases of chronic bronchitis, 65 of bronchial asthma, 8 with other diseases of the airways, 44.1% obstructive ventilation disturbances, 41.8% smokers) were investigated. As a screening method, nocturnal monitoring of oxygen saturation with the aid of a digital pulse oximeter (Draeger) was carried out. On average, 65.4 +/- 136.5 cases of desaturation to less than 90% SaO2/8 hours sleep were observed. In 48 patients with a Brocca index of more than 120%, desaturations at 156.1 +/- 244.5 were significantly more frequent than in 172 patients with a low relative weight (40.2 +/- 67.0, p less than 0.0001). Forty-eight patients (21.8%) revealed more than 80 episodes of SaO2 drops per night. Twenty-two patients were submitted to polysomnographic investigation. In 13 patients--6% of the overall group--who had more than 100 episodes of apnea/hypopnea (AHI 47.2 +/- 30.1), a sleep apnea syndrome was demonstrated.
Assessment of Indicators of Left Ventricular Performance Obtained by Tissue Doppler Imaging in Prematurely Born Neonates

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Tissue Doppler imaging techniques (pulsed-wave TDI (pwTDI) and color-coded TDI (cTDI)) allow for the assessment of myocardial performance during the cardiac cycle. The application of such techniques in neonatology is sporadic and poorly studied. Objective: The objective of the present study was to determine average values of pwTDI indicators of left ventricular performance (maximum systolic velocity of the mitral annulus (s’), maximum velocity in early diastole (e’) and maximum velocity in late diastole (a’)) and to examine their dynamics in prematurely born newborns in the first week of life. Methods: Prematurely born newborns of postnatal age up to 7 days were divided by gestational age into Group1 (<28 weeks) and Group 2 (≥28 weeks). Standard pwTDI parameters (s’, e’ and a’) were measured, compared between the groups and correlated with gestational and postnatal age, as well as application of respiratory support. Results: Fifty subjects were included (Group 1: 24; Group 2: 26). Average values of parameters s’, e’ and a’ were: Group 1: 4.06 ± 0.78 cm/s, 3.71 ± 0.40 cm/s and 3.98 ± 1.06 cm/s, respectively; Group 2: 4.18 ± 1.22 cm/s, 4.68 ± 1.04 cm/s and 4.12 ± 0.94 cm/s, respectively. Values of parameter e’ differed significantly between groups (p = 0.001) and strongly correlated with gestational age (p = 0, Pearson’s R = 0.88). There was no significant difference between groups for parameters s’ and a’ (p = 0.42 and 0.31, respectively). The values of s’, e’ and a’ did not differ between patients with an without respiratory support. Conclusion: Parameter e’ depends on gestational age, whereas parameters s’ and a’ are independent of gestational age. pwTDI indicators do not change during the first week of life, nor are all robust to hemodynamic circumstances caused by invasive/non-invasive respiratory support.
Evaporation and condensation at a liquid surface. II. Methanol

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The rates of evaporation and condensation of methanol under the vapor–liquid equilibrium condition at the temperature of 300 and 350 K are investigated with a molecular dynamics computer simulation. Compared with the argon system (reported in part I), the ratio of self-reflection is similar (∼10%), but the ratio of molecule exchange is several times larger than the argon, which suggests that the conventional assumption of condensation as a unimolecular process completely fails for associating fluids. The resulting total condensation coefficient is 20%–25%, and has a quantitative agreement with a recent experiment. The temperature dependence of the evaporation–condensation behavior is not significant.
CCL1 released from M2b macrophages is essentially required for the maintenance of their properties

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Increased susceptibility of mice 10–30 days postburn to MRSA infection is controlled through the intervention of CCL1-producing M2bMΦ, appearing in association with burn injuries. Patients with 10–30 days postburn injury are greatly susceptible to infections. M1MΦ (IL-10−IL-12+ MΦ) are essential cells in host antibacterial innate immunity against MRSA infections. However, these effector cells are not easily generated in hosts who are carriers of M2bMΦ (IL-12−IL-10+CCL1+LIGHT+ MΦ). M2bMΦ are inhibitory on M1MΦ generation. In this study, the antibacterial resistance of mice, 10–30 days postburn injury against MRSA infection, was improved by the modulation of M2bMΦ activities. Unburned mice inoculated with MΦ preparations from mice, 10–30 days after burn injury, were susceptible to MRSA infection, whereas unburned mice, inoculated with MΦ preparations from the same mice that were previously treated with CCL1 antisense ODN, were resistant to the infection. M2bMΦ, isolated from Day 15 burn mice, lost their M2bMΦ properties 3 days after cultivation under frequent medium changes, whereas their M2bMΦ properties remained in the same cultures supplemented with rCCL1. In cultures, MΦ preparations from Day 15 burn mice treated with CCL1 antisense ODN did not produce CCL1 and did convert to M1MΦ after heat-killed MRSA stimulation. Also, Day 15 burn mice treated with the ODN became resistant against MRSA infection. These results indicate that CCL1 released from M2bMΦ is essentially required for the maintenance of their properties. The increased susceptibility of mice, 10–30 days after burn injury to MRSA infection, may be controlled through the intervention of CCL1 production by M2bMΦ appearing in association with severe burn injuries.
Advances on the Biological Control Fungus Coniothyrium minitans Campbell

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Coniothyrium minitans Campbell was one of antagonistic fungi of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum(Lib.) de Bary, which was an important widespread plant pathogen. Many researches indicated that C.minitans had great potential in controlling Sclerotinia disease caused by Sclerotinia spp. in greenhouses and fields. Moreover,commercial products are also available in some European countries nowadays. In order to promote the process of industrialization and effectively develop the function of disease control, and to further the researches of C. minitans, advances on C. minitans were concluded from research fields in ecology, genetic improvement, bio-control mechanism, biological disease control of S. sclerotiorum and genetic engineering, and so on.
Circulating biomarkers in children and adolescents with fibrosing interstitial lung disease (ILD)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: CA-125 is a biomarker of epithelial injury that has been associated with the progression of fibrosing ILD in adults. Little is known about circulating biomarkers in children and adolescents with fibrosing ILD. Aim: To investigate changes in biomarkers in children and adolescents with fibrosing ILD treated with nintedanib. Methods: Patients aged 6–17 years with clinically significant fibrosing ILD were enrolled in the InPedILD trial. Patients were randomised 2:1 to receive nintedanib or placebo double-blind for 24 weeks. Fold changes from baseline in adjusted mean levels of CA-125and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a marker of lung inflammation, were analysed at week 24. Data were log10 transformed before analysis and estimates of change from baseline were back-transformed. Results: Mean (SD) CA-125 levels at baseline were 19.8 (14.8) and 18.9 (13.5) U/mL in the nintedanib (n=25) and placebo (n=13) groups, respectively. Fold changes from baseline in adjusted mean (95% CI) CA-125 at week 24 were 0.82 (0.73, 0.91) U/mL in the nintedanib group (n=21) and 0.90 (0.77, 1.05) U/mL in the placebo group (n=11) (ratio 0.91 [0.75, 1.10]). Mean (SD) LDH levels at baseline were 253.9 (90.1) and 228.4 (83.7) U/L in the nintedanib (n=25) and placebo (n=12) groups, respectively. Fold changes from baseline in adjusted mean (95% CI) LDH at week 24 were 0.97 (0.91, 1.04) U/L in the nintedanib group (n=21) and 0.97 (0.88, 1.08) U/L in the placebo group (n=9). Conclusion: Data from the InPedILD trial suggest that in children and adolescents with fibrosing ILD, treatment with nintedanib is associated with nominal reductions in CA-125 but not LDH over 24 weeks.
Russia's Provincial Bosses: A Collective Career Profile

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The origins, earlier careers and paths to power of the provincial governors and republican presidents in the Russian Federation at the turn of 1999-2000 reveal interesting patterns, bearing both similarities with and differences from equivalent positions in the Soviet era. All but one were men, the majority in early middle-age. Non-Russians were relatively well-represented. All had tertiary education - mostly in industry- or agriculture-related institutes. The majority worked briefly in manual jobs or did army service, or both, before their first authority post. A sizeable group were graduates of military colleges and rose to high military office. Most were already well advanced towards positions corresponding with today's governors and presidents, a seventh of them actually occupying such posts. This, then, was a 'circulation within the elite'. A third owed their original attainment of regional primacy to appointment by Yeltsin, but all had now won contested elections. Their education and career profiles contrast significantly with those of Russia's central political and business elites.
Ichneumonids (Hymenoptera) from Cañon del Novillo, Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ichneumonidae is the family of parasitic wasps with more species. The objective of this study was to collect and determine the ichneumonids in a spiny shrub from Canon del Novillo , Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico. One Malaise trap was placed in the spiny shrub at the beginning of the canyon during 2003. 758 specimens from 15 subfamilies, 70 genera and 128 species were collected. The subfamilies with more specimens were Campopleginae (289), Cryptinae (143) and Pimplinae (99). The more abundant genera were Venturia (128 specimens), Pimpla (84) and Casinaria (64) (36 % of the total); 24 genera (34 % of the total) were represented by only one individual. The genera with more species were Diapetimorpha and Carinodes (8 each), Eiphosoma (7) and Lymeon (5) (39 % of the total). Cosmopolitan genera were 34 %, Neotropical and nearctic 26 %, Neotropical 14 % and the rest belong to other distribution type that include the Neotropical. More abundant species were Venturia sp.1 (111 specimens), Microcharops sp. (63), Casinaria sp.1 and Pimpla sanguinipes Cresson, 1872 (62 individuals each) (39 % of the total); 59 species (46 %) were represented by only one individual. Six new records of species for Mexico and 14 for Tamaulipas were found. The Margalef index of species richness was DMg = 19,306, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index was H = 3,742 and the Pielou evenness index was J = 0,564; the Sorensen index of similarity was IS = 0,541, in comparison with the ichneumonids from Altas Cimas, Tamaulipas, one locality situated in the Biosphere Reserve El Cielo .
HYPOTENSIVE ACfIVITY OF CRUDE EXTRACf OF MARINE RED ALGAE, GRACILARIA SP. IN RATS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Hypotensive properties of the crude extract of Sri Lankan marine red algae Gracilaria sp. of the family Graci/aracea were investigated on anaesthetized rats using two doses (250 or 500mg/kg) given intraperitoneal/yo The results show that the crude extract possesses antihypertensive properties. The extract induced an immediate fall in systolic blood pressure (within 5 min) which was shortlived with the lower dose and sustained with the higher dose. The precise mode of the antihypertensive action is uncertain but is likely to be mediated via decreased sympathetic activity.
Complications of Measles

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: A very important yet often troublesome element in the conservative management of enterocutaneous fistulae is the protection of the surrounding skin from contact with the effluent. This report describes the successful use of a vacuum assisted closure (VAC) system in dealing with this problem. Methods: The results of using the VAC system were studied in three patients with moderate or high volume output enterocutaneous fistulae where conventional treatment had failed to prevent skin excoriation. Results: The VAC system was found to be highly effective in controlling fistula effluent and in promoting healing of excoriated skin in all three patients. Complete healing of the fistula was also achieved in two of the three patients. Conclusion: The VAC system can be an effective and economically viable method of containing fistula effluent and protecting the skin of patients with enterocutaneous fistulae. Contrary to conventional thought, the VAC system may also actually promote healing of the fistula.