jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A case of metastasis to the lateral lingual lymph nodes in a patient with carcinoma of the tongue detected preoperatively.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A case of metastasis to the lateral lingual lymph nodes in a patient with tongue cancer is reported. The patient wase a 73-year-old man with a moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the left lingual margin (T 3 N 2 bM O). Metastasis to the lateral lingual lymph nodes was detected by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging preoperatively. After external radiation, bilateral neck dissection and hemiglossectomy were performed by a pull-through operation. Histopathological examination revealed that the lateral lingual lymph nodes had been extensively degenerated by the radiation.
Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived From Mouse and Human White Mature Adipocytes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract White mature adipocytes give rise to so-called dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells that spontaneously undergo multilineage differentiation. In this study, we defined stem cell characteristics of DFAT cells as they are generated from adipocytes and the relationship between these characteristics and lineage differentiation. Both mouse and human DFAT cells, prepared from adipose tissue and lipoaspirate, respectively, showed evidence of pluripotency, with a maximum 5–7 days after adipocyte isolation. The DFAT cells spontaneously formed clusters in culture, which transiently expressed multiple stem cell markers, including stage-specific embryonic antigens, and Sca-1 (mouse) and CD105 (human), as determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and immunostaining. As the stem cell markers decreased, markers characteristic of the three germ layers and specific lineage differentiation, such as α-fetoprotein (endoderm, hepatic), Neurofilament-66 (ectoderm, neurogenic), and Troponin I (mesoderm, cardiomyogenic), increased. However, no teratoma formation was detected after injection in immunodeficient mice. A novel modification of the adipocyte isolation aimed at ensuring the initial purity of the adipocytes and avoiding ceiling culture allowed isolation of DFAT cells with pluripotent characteristics. Thus, the adipocyte-derived DFAT cells represent a plastic stem cell population that is highly responsive to changes in culture conditions and may benefit cell-based therapies.
Clinical Value of Imaging Using Antibody to Alpha Fetoprotein in Germ Cell Tumours

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Germ cell tumours (GCT) producing alpha fetoprotein (aFP) can be imaged by external scintigraphy after intravenous administration of radiolabelled antibody directed against aFP. Antibody imaging (AI) by this method was used in an attempt to guide surgical resection of deposits of drug-resistant or recurrent GCT. 30 patients with GCT and raised aFP in whom site of tumour was not known were investigated by AI and conventional imaging methods. All but one were heavily pretreated. Where tumour appeared localised, resection was attempted. Tumour was found in all sites positive by both AI and conventional imaging. AI produced false-positive results in one of 30 patients and falsenegative results in 9 patients. Computerised tomography was false-positive in one case and false-negative in three. In these patients, AI gave true-negative and true-positive results, respectively. Of 11 patients with positive AI in whom resection was attempted, 6 achieved sustained complete response with up to 5 years follow-up. We conclude AI and conventional imaging methods to be complementary in selection for surgery of patients with drug-resistant or recurrent GCT.
Similar Morbidity and Mortality for ERCPs Performed Over the Weekend versus Postponing to Next Available Weekday

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Weekend (WE) effect is a phenomenon used to described worse outcomes when patients are cared for on the WE versus the weekday (WD). Prior research studying the WE effect on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) have had variable results. Preforming an ERCP requires significant resources which are frequently unavailable over the WE, leading to postponement. Currently little is known about the consequences of postponing an ERCP. We aimed to further elucidate the morbidity and mortality risks conferred to the patient by postponing ERCP to the next available WD. Methods: Patients (p) from 1/2011-12/2016 were queried from the electronic medical record. Adults who had a gastroenterology evaluation on Friday or Saturday which resulted in an ERCP being performed on the WE, Saturday or Sunday, versus being postponed to the first available WD, Monday or Tuesday were included. The primary outcomes were mortality and morbidity. Morbidity was defined as post-ERCP pancreatitis (lipase>3xULN), NSTEMI (troponin>0.05), AKI (increase in creatinine>50% of the highest pre-ERCP value), and acute anemia (decease in hemoglobin>20% of the highest pre-ERCP value). Escalation of care post ERCP, (transfer from regular medical floor to ICU), disposition at discharge, 30-day readmission, and repeat ERCP within 30 days was also assessed. All categorical and continuous variables were analyzed with Pearson chi-squared/Fisher exact test and Mann-Whitney U tests respectively. Results: Among 5,196 patients undergoing ERCPs, 533 patients were identified, including 218 (41%) patients in the WD group and 315 (59%) patients in the WE group. Both groups have clinically similar baseline characteristics (Table 1) except for pre-ERCP vitals, with patient generally sicker 24 hours prior to procedure in the WD group. In-hospital mortality was 1p (0.5%) in the WD group and 2p (0.6%) in the WE group (p=1.00). Post-ERCP morbidity including elevated lipase, myocardial infarction, acute kidney injury, and acute anemia were similar in both groups. Post-procedural vitals, need for a progressive or ICU level of care, the need to escalate care, disposition at discharge, and need for repeat ERCP was similar in both group (p>0.05). Thirty-day readmission was 51p (23.4%) in the WD group vs 52p (16.5%) in the WE group (p=0.05). (Table 2) Conclusion: There are similar rates of morbidity and mortality performing ERCPs on the weekend when compared to postponing to the next available weekday.
Analgesic Profile of the Aqueous and Methanol Extracts of Alchornea Laxiflora in Albino Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The study investigated the median lethal dose and the effects of the aqueous and methanol extracts of Alchornea laxiflora in three mouse models of central and peripheral analgesia, the hot plate, acetic acid-induced abdominal writhes and the tail immersion tests. This was with a view to providing information on the acute toxicity, analgesic effects and the possible mechanism of analgesia. The LD50 for the aqueous and methanol extracts of A. laxiflora in the oral route was > 1600 mg/kg respectively, and found to be safe in animals. However, the LD50 (i.p.), was found to be 400 mg/kg for the methanol extract, which was relatively toxic and > 1600 mg/kg for the aqueous extract. Mice of both sexes (n=6) weighing 18 – 22 g were used for the study, which were randomised into control and test, which summed up to eight (VIII) groups. The control group (I) received 10 % Tween 80 (vehicle), 0.1 ml/10 g mouse while the test groups (II,III,IV,V,VI) were administered graded doses (100, 200, 400, 800, 1600 mg/kg, p.o.) of the extracts. The reference groups (VII,VIII) received standard drugs, Acetyl salicylic acid (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and Pethidine (10 mg/kg, i.p.). The animals were observed for their reaction to pain using different noxious stimuli (thermal and chemical). They were appropriately scored individually after observation 30 and 60 min post intraperitoneal and oral administrations of vehicle, extracts or drugs respectively. The results showed that A. laxiflora produced significant (P < 0.05) increase in the mean reaction time to pain in the hot plate and the tail immersion tests. It also produced a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the number of abdominal writhes. The study concluded that A. laxiflora possesses analgesic activity. The mechanism of the analgesic effect was not through the opioidergic system
RESEARCH Open Access The association between maternal urinary phthalate concentrations and blood pressure in pregnancy: The HOME Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Exposure to phthalates, a class of endocrine disrupting chemicals, is ubiquitous. We examined the association of urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations during pregnancy with maternal blood pressure and risk of pregnancy-induced hypertensive diseases. Methods: We used data from the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment Study, a prospective birth cohort of low-risk pregnant women recruited between March 2003 and January 2006. We analyzed maternal urine samples collected at 16 and 26 weeks gestation for 9 phthalate monoester metabolites reflecting exposure to 6 phthalate diesters. Outcomes included maternal blood pressure at &lt;20 and ≥20 weeks gestation and pregnancy induced hypertensive diseases (gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia, and HELLP syndrome). Results: Data were available for 369 women who gave birth to singleton, live-born infants without congenital anomalies. Of the phthalate metabolites evaluated, only mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) concentrations were significantly associated with maternal diastolic blood pressure at &lt;20 weeks gestation. Women in the third MBzP tercile at 16 weeks gestation had diastolic blood pressure 2.2 (95 % CI: 0.5–3.9) mm Hg higher at &lt;20 weeks gestation and 2.8 (95 % CI: 0.9–4.7) mm Hg higher at ≥20 weeks gestation compared to women in the first tercile. Compared to women in the first tercile, women in the top MBzP tercile at 16 weeks had an increased risk of developing pregnancy-induced hypertensive diseases (RR = 2.92, 95 % CI 1.15–7.41, p-value for trend = 0.01). MBzP concentrations at 26 weeks gestation were not as strongly associated with blood pressure at ≥20 weeks gestation or risk of pregnancy-induced hypertensive diseases. Conclusion: This study suggests that maternal urinary MBzP concentrations may be associated with increased diastolic blood pressure and risk of pregnancy-induced hypertensive diseases.
Using RNA-Mediated Interference to Investigate the Role of Novel Proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans Gonadogenesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

During development, cells divide, differentiate into various cell types, and organize into functional tissues and organs. We are interested in understanding the cellular and molecular basis of organ formation in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. To this end, we are investigating two novel proteins that have a role in gonadogenesis, SYS-1 and NUD-1. SYS-1 was identified via a genetic screen for mutants with defective gonads. The role of SYS-1 at the cellular level has been characterized (1), but its molecular role is unclear. NUD-1 is homologous to a protein in fungi responsible for mediating nuclear migration (2). Using reverse genetics to “knock-down” the protein levels, C. elegans NUD-1 was shown to have a role in gonadogenesis, but the specific phenotoype has not been described in detail. We are using RNA mediated interference (RNAi) to investigate both of these proteins. RNAi is a method by which adding an excess of mRNA corresponding to a specific gene actually represses the production of that protein. Information learned about gonad formation in worms is likely to advance our understanding of organ development in more complex organisms.
Discretion in European merger control: The German regime in context

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract Merger control is used in this article to illustrate the exercise of discretion in economic regulation. It suggests that discretion is unavoidable and examines the various modes of discretion exercised by institutions such as the Bundeskartellamt and Directorate‐General IV of the European Union. It argues that institutions should be structured to deploy discretion productively and to modify both legal and economic modes of analysis. Four elements in the article can be stressed. First, it provides an analysis of the important and under‐emphasized area of German merger control; secondly, it offers a comparative critique of the operation of German policy; thirdly, it suggests that an impoverished European theory of regulation could benefit from a transfusion of American concepts and, fourthly, it provides a sceptical perspective on current proposals for reform of EC competition policy institutions.
Data for the figures in the paper "Turbulence and Transport During Guide-Field Reconnection at the Magnetopause"

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We analyze the development and influence of turbulence in three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations of guide-field magnetic reconnection at the magnetopause with parameters based on observations of an electron diffusion region by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission. Along the separatrices the turbulence is a variant of the lower hybrid drift instability (LHDI) that produces electric field fluctuations with amplitudes much greater than the reconnection electric field. The turbulence controls the scale length of the density and current profiles while enabling significant transport across the magnetopause despite the electrons remaining frozen-in to the magnetic field. Near the X-line the electrons are not frozen-in and the turbulence, which differs from the LHDI, makes a significant net contribution to the generalized Ohm's law through an anomalous viscosity. The characteristics of the turbulence and associated particle transport are consistent with fluctuation amplitudes in the MMS observations. However, for this event the simulations suggest that the MMS spacecraft were not close enough to the core of the electron diffusion region to identify the region where anomalous viscosity is important.
Harnessing the value of data for the poor

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Recognizes that the value of data for development is largely untapped and that the challenge is to develop a trust environment to safeguard against harmful misuse of data as they are exchanged between parties and enables data to be created, reused, and repurposed. Brazil provides an example of how traditional population-based surveys provided data on the prevalence of COVID-19. Data can be linked to development through three pathways for its use: (1) by governments and international organizations, (2) by civil society to monitor government policies, and (3) by private firms in the production process. In each pathway, risk of negative impacts has fomented demand for a new social contract around data. Legal and regulatory provisions should be developed separately to safeguard personal and nonpersonal data. An integrated national data system (INDS) is needed to deliver high-quality data and to make data open in a way that it is both protected and accessible to be shared and reused by all stakeholders.
Prepubic Minilaparotomy as the Surgical Approach in Treatment of Prostate Disorders in Dogs. A Cadaver Study

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract The aim of the study was to assess the prepubic minilaparotomy approach in the surgical treatment of prostatic disorders in dogs. The technique of a limited approach to the prostate was developed on the fresh cadavers of 14 intact adult male dogs, diversified in regard to size and body weight. The abdominal cavity was opened in midline, from the right-sided prepubic parapenile incision. The cut was limited to 7 cm. Afterwards, it was expanded by self-retaining retractors: Gelpi, Weislander, Finnochetto Baby, and Adson. Finnochetto Baby and Gelpi retractors used in pairs enabled an adequate exposition of the prostate in small dogs. The Finnochetto Baby retractor enabled an adequate exposition of the prostate in medium dogs and the Adson retractor - in large and giant dogs. The Weislander and Gelpi retractors used individually did not allow for sufficient access to the prostate in any group of the cadavers. Prepubic minilaparotomy can be a useful surgical approach in the treatment of prostate disorders in dogs. It can be used especially for minor surgical procedures, e.g. sampling of large tissue specimens for histopathological examination, partial prostatectomy, or treatment of intraparenchymal cavitary lesions.
EPEX ontology: Enhancing agent-based electricity market simulation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

<p>Electricity markets worldwide are complex and dynamic environments with very particular characteristics. The markets' restructuring and evolution into regional and continental scales, along with the constant changes brought by the increasing necessity for an adequate integration of renewable energy sources are the main drivers. Multi-agent based software is particularly well fitted to analyse dynamic and adaptive systems with complex interactions among its constituents, such as electricity markets. This paper proposes the use of ontologies to enable the exchange of information and knowledge, to test different market models and to allow market players from different systems to interact in common market environments. Focusing, namely, on the EPEX electricity market.</p>
Adjusting P/E ratios by growth and risk: the PERG ratio

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this study is to compare the performance of a low‐P/E strategy relative to that of two alternative value strategies, one based on the PEG ratio and another on the PERG ratio (a magnitude introduced in this article). Design/methodology/approach The data used consists of a sample of 100 US companies between January 1975 and September 2002. Portfolios are formed on the basis of different valuation ratios, and their performance is compared in order to determine the best‐performing strategy. Findings Portfolios sorted by PERG ratios outperform, on a risk‐adjusted basis, those sorted by both P/E ratios and PEG ratios. This outperformance occurs regardless of whether portfolios are not rebalanced, rebalanced every ten years, or rebalanced every five years. Research limitations/implications The sample of stocks is not large. The results could be validated by using a larger sample of US stocks and a longer time period, as well as by using a sample of stocks from several international markets. Practical implications The PERG ratio proposed in this article improves on the PEG ratio, adjusting the latter by risk. That, plus the fact that PERG‐based strategies outperform on a risk‐adjusted basis strategies based on both P/Es and PEGs, should make it an attractive tool to add to the arsenal of valuation tools used by analysts. Originality/value A new valuation tool is proposed, called the PERG ratio, that adjusts P/E ratios by both growth and risk (or, similarly, PEG ratios by risk).
EXPERIMENTAL GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The primary phase of nephrotoxic serum nephritis produced by rabbit nephrotoxic serum appears to be dependent to a great extent, but not completely, upon the participation of serum complement. On the other hand, duck nephrotoxic serum produces its primary renal injury without detectable utilization of or dependence upon serum complement. The secondary phase of nephrotoxic serum nephritis appears to be largely or entirely dependent upon the host's antibody response to the heterologous gamma globulin fixed in the glomeruli. No evidence could be obtained for the existence of an autoimmune antikidney response by the host in this experimental model.
Bionomics of Atherigona soccata (Rondani) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The bionomics of Atharigona soccata, Rondani was studied during the year 1968-69. A single fly on an average laid 7.0 eggs. The incubation period was on an average 40.21 hours.
Assessment of the water–salinity crop production function of wheat using experimental data of the Golestan province, Iran

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Optimisation of agricultural water management in arid and semi‐arid regions requires the availability of water–salinity crop production functions. A two‐year experiment was conducted in the northern Golestan province of Iran to assess the water–salinity production function of wheat. The treatments in the experiment consisted of four levels of irrigation water, i.e. 50 (W1), 75 (W2), 100 (W3) and 125 (W4) % of crop water requirement, and four levels of water salinity, respectively 1.5 (S1), 8.5 (S2), 11.5 (S3) and 14.2 (S4) dS m −1 . The plots were arranged in a randomised complete block design with three replications and water quantity as main plot treatment and water quality as subplot treatment. The data were analysed using linear, quadratic, Cobb–Douglas and transcendental functions, complemented with an economic analysis. The results indicate that for the given climate–soil conditions, transcendental functions best predict wheat yield under both water and salinity stress conditions. Yield reduction caused by a unit increase of matric potential is found to be larger than that caused by a unit increase of osmotic potential. The marginal rate of technical substitution indicates that each one of the two factors studied, namely soil salinity and water supply, can be substituted with the other in a wide range in order to achieve equal amount of yield. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catalog images, Christmas Roto Booklet, Los Angeles, Calif., 1941

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

110 photographs of gifts and appliances for Christmas Roto Booklet by the May Company, advertising sale in department store. Photographed items include: sports equipment, furniture, electronic appliances, dishware and tableware, game sets, kitchen appliances, jewelry, clothing and accessories, a typewriter, home decor, albums, boxes of sweets, home textiles, grooming sets, and shoes. Seventeen images feature live models. "Subject: Christmas Roto Booklet, Xmas Roto Section, Client: The May Co., Operator's Report -- Name: Cross + Mr. W" -- on envelope
Little Red Riding Hood uncloaked sex, morality, and the evolution of a fairy tale

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"Little Red Riding Hood" is perhaps the best known fairy tale of all time. Featuring a cross-dressing wolf and his hapless victim, this strange tale has been passed from generation to generation, printed in thousands of storybooks and told in virtually every language. But where did the story of the girl, her grandmother and their cruel fate come from? And why does it continue to grip us?" "In Little Red Riding Hood Uncloaked, Catherine Orenstein unravels the complex sexual politics, moral ambiguities and philosophical underpinnings of Red Riding Hood's epic journey to her grandmother's house. From the werewolf trials of France's old regime to twentieth century feminists and gender-benders, Orenstein traces the many lives the tale has lived and explores how, from the nursery on, fairy tales shape and reflect our view of the world."--BOOK JACKET.
Boundary Value Problem for the Langevin Equation and Inclusion with the Hilfer Fractional Derivative

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this work, we discuss the existence and uniqueness of solution for a boundary value problem for the Langevin equation and inclusion with the Hilfer fractional derivative. First of all, we give some definitions, theorems, and lemmas that are necessary for the understanding of the manuscript. Second of all, we give our first existence result, based on Krasnoselskii's fixed point, and to deal with the uniqueness result, we use Banach's contraction principle. Third of all, in the inclusion case, to obtain the existence result, we use the Leray–Schauder alternative. Last but not least, we give an illustrative example.