jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Designing Edward/Edward Designing: A Brief History of Edward Albee’s Role in Theatrical Design

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Delving deeply into a selected history of Edward Albee's connection with theatrical design, and his relationship with his designers, this article seeks to tease out not only Albee's unusual rapport with designers but also his life-long bonds with many different types of artists outside of the theatre, including visual artists, composers, and sculptors, all of whom influenced the nature of Albee's playwriting. Also discussed in this essay is Albee's presence as an occasional curator, mentor, and purchaser of art in the New York art scene. The nature of visual and aural spectacle in Edward Albee's own plays was deeply influenced by these affiliations with artists, and here too, the author attempts to analyze the dramaturgy of Albee's drama through the lens of theatrical design. What becomes important is Albee's innovation in the promotion of emerging art and artists, a project which he engaged in from the earliest point in his career to his final years as one of America's leading dramatists.
BAYESIAN PHARMACOKINETIC ESTIMATION OF ORAL CICLOSPORINE AND MYCOPHENOLATE CO-ADMINISTERED IN STABLE KIDNEY TRANSPLANT PATIENTS.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Marquet, P.; Debord, J.; Risco, E.; Le Meur, Y.; Rousseau, A.; Leroux-Robert, C.; Paintaud, G.; Lachâtre, G. Author Information
Acceleration forces

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract When a person stands up quickly from a lying position, they are in danger of fainting due to an inadequate supply of blood to the brain. The reason for this is that the Earth’s gravitational field causes pooling of blood in the legs and, hence, a decrease in venous return. The apparatus for studying these changes—the tilt table—and the corrective reflexes that come into operation—the baroreceptor reflexes—are described in standard textbooks of physiology. Here we shall consider the cause of these changes, how the body responds to them, and how they can be combated when the body is subjected to a force other than the 1-G force always acting towards the centre of the Earth.
On the Ekman divergence in an oceanic jet

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

When a steady wind stress acts on the rapidly northward-moving Gulf Stream, an intense Ekman divergence is produced at the axis of the Stream. This is primarily due to the fact that, at the axis, the effective Coriolis parameter, the sum of the earth's rotation and the shear of the Stream, changes by three-fold in a distance of 15 km. The magnitude of this divergence, when the wind is southerly, is two orders of magnitude larger than that in the regions outside the jet and results in intense upwelling.
Cytoplasmic RNA Granules and Viral Infection

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

RNA granules are dynamic cellular structures essential for proper gene expression and homeostasis. The two principal types of cytoplasmic RNA granules are stress granules, which contain stalled translation initiation complexes, and processing bodies (P bodies), which concentrate factors involved in mRNA degradation. RNA granules are associated with gene silencing of transcripts; thus, viruses repress RNA granule functions to favor replication. This article discusses the breadth of viral interactions with cytoplasmic RNA granules, focusing on mechanisms that modulate the functions of RNA granules and that typically promote viral replication. Currently, mechanisms for virus manipulation of RNA granules can be loosely grouped into three nonexclusive categories: (a) cleavage of key RNA granule factors, (b) regulation of PKR activation, and (c) co-opting of RNA granule factors for new roles in viral replication. Viral modulation of RNA granules supports productive infection by inhibiting their gene-silencing functions and counteracting their role in linking stress sensing with innate immune activation.
On the security of a lightweight authentication and encryption scheme for mobile ad hoc network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In 2011, Eissa, Razak and Ngadi proposed a lightweight authentication and encryption scheme to enhance the performance for mobile ad hoc network in Wireless Network, Vol. 17, No. 4, 2011. The main building block of such scheme is an identity-based encryption scheme. The scheme was proven secure in the random oracle model assuming the computational Diffie–Hellman assumption is hard. In this paper, we show that the proposed scheme is not even secure against chosen plaintext attack, which is the lowest acceptable level of security. In addition, we demonstrate the RSA parameter suggested by Eissa et al. to yield a better network performance is not appropriate under a wrong security assumption that each mobile node is totally trusted. Such short RSA parameter leads to a key recovery attack.
Fetal Triploidy Syndrome: a case report from Global Reference Laboratory, Mumbai, India

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Triploidy is a complete extra set of chromosomes. In the current case report, we present the case of a 29-year-old pregnant female who was referred to Department of Genetics, Metropolis Healthcare Ltd, Mumbai. Real-time sonography of the gravid uterus was done using a 3C RS multi-frequency probe. Placenta was observed to be posterior. The findings were suggestive of a single viable foetus with an average gestational age of 14.6 weeks at 14-15 weeks of pregnancy and only mild placental thickening at 17-18 weeks of pregnancy was detected on Ultrasound at the time of Amniocentesis. The fetal chromosomal study on amniotic fluid by Fluoroscence insitu hybridization (FISH) revealed trisomy status for chromosome 13, 18, 21, X and Y in 100% of the cells analysed and the fetal karyotype revealed a presence of extra set of chromosomes (69) in all the analysed cells. Parental blood karyotype was done for checking cytogenetic abnormality or variations. FISH studies with POC specimen revealed Trisomy status for chromosomes 13, 18, 21 and presence of extra Sex chromosome (XXY) in all cells analysed.
Leveraging artificial intelligence to mitigate money laundering risks through the detection of cyberbullying patterns in financial transactions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Money laundering (ML) is a vital source to clean the money from the financial system with illegal funds. Corruption, exploitation of a given community, drug use, and much more are all associated with it. Due to the massive number of transactions worldwide, detection of ML operations is complex. But it makes it possible for criminals to exploit financial systems to facilitate illicit transactions. This is primarily about reducing the risk that someone will be out of pocket because of money laundering. AI- driven applications of AML tools are now monitoring transactions to deal with it. In total, 112 research papers are reviewed (identified the gap in literature) which serves as a guide for the future direction of this research domain. The outcome of this systematic literature review effort will not only pave the way for the research community, also aid the state agencies to formulate an ideal AML ecosystem to tackle these prominent concerns while ensuring a healthy environment for their inhabitants. Those starting points can be taken to evaluate the current state of affairs from diverse perspectives and pave the way towards future research directions to explore and develop the high levels of authenticity and security that artificial intelligence (AI) can bring to the finance sector.
Tackling stigma around perinatal mental illness

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

It is vital to tackle all mental health stigma, including stigma around perinatal mental illness. Stigma is often what prevents people from speaking out and seeking help. Women in the perinatal period need to feel able to speak up and seek help because of the deep and long lasting impact perinatal mental illness can have not only on mothers but also on their children. Speaking out at an early stage can help to prevent mental health problems from becoming more serious.
The study of the self-similar nature of human neuromagnetic responses when exposed to flickering light stimuli

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In this work, we investigate the self-similar properties of the neuromagnetic responses of healthy subjects and a patient with photosensitive epilepsy in response to flickering light stimuli of different color combinations (red-blue, red-green, blue-green). The calculation of the fractality index for different areas of the human cerebral cortex is performed by the modified Higuchi method. Areas were identified in which spatio-temporal scaling is manifested to the greatest extent in photosensitive epilepsy. In addition, changes in the fractal structure of magnetoencephalograms of healthy subjects were found after exposure to flickering light stimuli. In the future, the use of machine learning methods for recognizing the images of topographic maps of the obtained numerical indicators will contribute to the search for new diagnostic criteria for neurological diseases and mental disorders (various forms of epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, obsessive-compulsive disorders). The results obtained will be useful for specialists working in the field of neurosciences, physics of complex systems and cognitive psychology.
Second-Order Slip Flow And Heat Transfer In A Long Isothermal Microchannel

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a study on the effect of second-order slip and jump on forced convection through a long isothermally heated or cooled planar microchannel. The fully developed solutions of thermal flow fields are analytically obtained on the basis of the second-order Maxwell-Burnett slip and Smoluchowski jump boundary conditions. Results reveal that the second-order term in the Karniadakis slip boundary condition is found to contribute a negative velocity slip and then to lead to a higher pressure drop as well as a higher fluid temperature for the heated-wall case or to a lower fluid temperature for the cooled-wall case. These findings are contrary to predictions made by the Deissler model. In addition, the role of second-order slip becomes more significant when the Knudsen number increases.
Peer Review #3 of "Steroid hormones and chondrichthyan reproduction: physiological functions, scientific research, and implications for conservation (v0.1)"

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study of the reproductive aspects of chondrichthyans through the analysis of steroid hormones has been carried out for more than five decades in several species around the world.This scientific knowledge constitutes the basis of the reproductive endocrinology of chondrichthyans, which has provided information regarding their sexual maturation, gametogenesis, mating seasons, gestation periods, and parturition.The present review summarizes the existing literature on steroid hormones in chondrichthyan reproduction and identifies future research directions addressing critical knowledge gaps in the reproductive physiology of this taxon.A total of 59 peer reviewed scientific papers from 1963-2020 were reviewed and the following parameters analysed: species, steroid hormones, biological matrix, field sampling (year, location) and methodology (assays, sample size, precision, and recoveries).We provided a summary of the methods, biological matrices, and the functions of up to 19 hormones on the biology of 34 species of chondrichthyans that have been analysed to date.The majority of the studies used radioimmunoassay as the main methodology (76.3%; n=45); while the most frequent biological matrix used was plasma (69.5%; n=41).A Kernel's heat map was generated to present the scientific effort according to geographic location and evidenced a lack of research in high biodiversity areas for chondrichthyans worldwide.The implications of the study of steroid hormones for the conservation of chondrichthyans are discussed, as only 2.9% of the species of this group have been analysed and most of the scientific effort (93.2%; n=55/59 papers) has focused on the analysis of less than six hormones.
The Municipal Business Tax in Canada

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The nature, origin, development, and possible justification of the municipal business tax in Canada are the topics considered in this paper. These subjects are all the more interesting because there has been no comparable development in the United States. Statistics as late as May, 1947 indicate that New York City is the only city in the United States with a business tax comparable to the municipal business tax in Canada. The term “municipal business tax” generally is used in Canada to refer to a tax on premises occupied for business purposes. Three bases are in use: a fraction of the assessed value of the premises, the annual rental value of premises, and square feet of space occupied.
Cellular mechanisms involved in the expression of specificity in Lactuca spp. - Bremia lactucae interactions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Lactuca spp.-Bremia lactucae pathosystem includes very wide range of different host-pathogen interactions and resistance mechanisms. Aspects of expression of these resistance mechanisms have been studied in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and related wild species (L. serriola, L. saligna, L. virosa). The role and relationships among early stages of pathogen development and active host defence responses - hypersensitive reaction (HR), cytoskeleton rearrangement, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and phenolic compounds deposition are discussed.
Intensive Treatments for Separation Anxiety Disorder in Children and Adolescents

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Childhood separation anxiety disorder (SepAD) has only recently been recognized as a highly frequent disorder, precursor of panic disorder, and pacemaker of anxiety and other mental disorders. Although cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has proven effective for the treatment of anxiety disorders in children, including SepAD, intensive forms of treatments have been developed recently to further improve treatment efficacy. This brief article describes a rationale for the development of intensive, disorder-specific treatments for SepAD, focusing on extinction learning and parental involvement in the child's therapy. We further provide an overview of three cognitive-behavioral and one psychodynamic intensive treatment programs for SepAD and review the empirical evidence for each of these programs. In conclusion, one promising treatment-intensification strategy is to deliver exposure in high doses and in multiple contexts. Parents can be coached to conduct such exposure in-between treatment sessions. In the light of initial findings from RCTs, the involvement of parents seems to benefit younger children more so than older ones.
A system for quantitatively assessing certain performance parameters of gamma camera systems from reflective print and film transparency final images

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Past efforts at routine evaluation of gamma camera systems performance, using final product images, primarily resulted in qualitative assessments. This paper describes a system for quantitatively determining certain performance parameters of gamma camera systems using paper‐backed print and transparent film test images of the same type used for viewing by the nuclear medicine physician. By use of appropriate transmission and line source phantoms, the gamma camera system's spatial resolution, distortion, and flood field uniformity as a function of position in the image field, are determined using a semiautomated image scanning and data reduction system. This system consists of a high‐resolution scanning microdensitometer/reflectometer, interfaced to a computer, along with necessary programs to locate bar and line grid intersection points in the image. Also included are algorithms for calculating the various image parameters desired. This system may provide an analytical method for quantitatively assessing certain performance parameters of gamma camera systems, using the final‐product images from the cameras.
Efficacy of Gemcitabine on Intracranial Erlich Tumor and its Determinants

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Gemcitabine is quite effective in the treatment of brain tumors, although this drug has a limited ability to overcome the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Aim of study is to assess the therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine and other drugs with different permeability of BBB in the model of intracranial tumor. The therapeutic activity of gemcitabine, carmustine, cyclophosphamide and cisplatin was studied in mice with intracranially implanted Ehrlich tumor, and also gemcitabine in various doses - with intramuscularly implanted tumor. On intracranial tumor model gemcitabine (25 mg/kg) increased the life span (ILS) by 60−89% (p<0.001), despite the fact that its permeability of the BBB is about 10%. Therapeutic activity of carmustine, cyclophosphamide and cisplatin (ILS were 44, 22 and 11%, respectively) corresponds with the BBB permeability for these drugs (90, 20 and 8%, respectively). On intramuscular tumor model, gemcitabine showed significant antitumor effect at both 25 and 2.5 mg/kg, indicating a wide range of therapeutic doses of this drug. Pronounced therapeutic effect of gemcitabine on intracranial tumor most likely is due to the small but sufficient concentration of the drug that overcomes the BBB.
Resistant Vibration Stimulus and Backward Walking for Improving Craniovertebral Angle in a Patient with Forward Head Posture : A Case Report

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Dysfunctional postures are commonly seen in the current generation especially aged 10-30 mainly due to over usage of smartphones and computers in a faulty posture. Forward Head posture is a routinely seen type of head posture which is characterized by reduction in the CV angle ( Craniovertebral Angle) and a tilting of the head forward beyond its usual alignment. Resistant vibration stimulus creates vibration that enhances proprioceptive feedback and strengthens large muscle groups. Backward walking exercises have an impact on posture, specifically from the waist to the cervical spine and enhance muscle activation as well as strength in various leg muscles, thereby influencing the deep core muscles. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of Resistant Vibration Stimulus and Backward Walking on Craniovertebral angle in a patient with Forward Head Posture. METHODOLOGY A 23 year old male with forward head posture was assessed for CV angle by Head Posture Spinal Curvature instrument. Resistant vibration stimulus exercises with a Flex bar and Backward walking Exercise on a treadmill was given for 4 sessions per week for 25 mins for 5 weeks. Following the interventions after 5 weeks, the effect of the intervention was assessed and values studied. RESULT There was an increase of CV angle by 5 degrees after the treatment compared to its pre test value. Both Resistant Vibration Stimulus and Backward Walking showed improvement in the CV angle after 5 weeks. CONCLUSION Resistant Vibration Stimulus and Backward Walking was found to be effective in improving Craniovertebral Angle in a patient with forward head posture.
Ribosomal DNA status inferred from DNA cloud assays and mass spectrometry identification of agarose-squeezed proteins interacting with chromatin (ASPIC-MS)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Ribosomal RNA-encoding genes (rDNA) are the most abundant genes in eukaryotic genomes. To meet the high demand for rRNA, rDNA genes are present in multiple tandem repeats clustered on a single or several chromosomes and are vastly transcribed. To facilitate intensive transcription and prevent rDNA destabilization, the rDNA-encoding portion of the chromosome is confined in the nucleolus. However, the rDNA region is susceptible to recombination and DNA damage, accumulating mutations, rearrangements and atypical DNA structures. Various sophisticated techniques have been applied to detect these abnormalities. Here, we present a simple method for the evaluation of the activity and integrity of an rDNA region called a "DNA cloud assay". We verified the efficacy of this method using yeast mutants lacking genes important for nucleolus function and maintenance (RAD52, SGS1, RRM3, PIF1, FOB1 and RPA12). The DNA cloud assay permits the evaluation of nucleolus status and is compatible with downstream analyses, such as the chromosome comet assay to identify DNA structures present in the cloud and mass spectrometry of agarose squeezed proteins (ASPIC-MS) to detect nucleolar DNA-bound proteins, including Las17, the homolog of human Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein (WASP).
Water Metabolism after Cardiac Operations Involving a Gibbon-Type Pump-Oxygenator

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Daily water metabolism of 21 patients was studied for 3 days after intracardiac surgery and whole-body perfusion. The average obligatory water losses of these patients were approximately 500, 750, and 750 ml. per M. 2 of body surface per day on the first, second, and third postoperative day, respectively. A simple system, which combines knowledge of the estimated postoperative water requirement with the known daily change in body weight, was devised to manage accurately water metabolism after intracardiac surgery.
MicroRNA-128 Confers Anti-Endothelial Adhesion and Anti-Migration Properties to Counteract Highly Metastatic Cervical Cancer Cells’ Migration in a Parallel-Plate Flow Chamber

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Despite the distant metastasis of cervical cancer cells being a prominent cause of mortality, neither the metastasis capacity nor the in vitro conditions mimicking adhesion of cervical cancer cells to endothelial cells have been fully elucidated. Circulating metastatic cancer cells undergo transendothelial migration and invade normal organs in distant metastasis; however, the putative molecular mechanism remains largely uncertain. In this study, we describe the use of an in vitro parallel-plate flow chamber to simulate the dynamic circulation stress on cervical cancer cells and elucidate their vascular adhesion and metastasis. We isolate the viable and shear stress-resistant (SSR) cervical cancer cells for mechanistic studies. Remarkably, the identified SSR-HeLa and SSR-CaSki exhibited high in vitro adhesive and metastatic activities. Hence, a consistently suppressed miR-128 level was revealed in SSR cell clones compared to those of parental wild-type (WT) cells. Overexpressed miR-128 attenuated SSR-HeLa cells’ adherence to human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs); in contrast, suppressed miR-128 efficiently augmented the static adhesion capacity in WT-HeLa and WT-CaSki cells. Hence, amplified miR-128 modestly abolished in vitro SSR-augmented HeLa and CaSki cell movement, whereas reduced miR-128 aggravated the migration speed in a time-lapse recording assay in WT groups. Consistently, the force expression of miR-128 alleviated the SSR-enhanced HeLa and CaSki cell mobility in a wound healing assay. Notably, miR-128 mediated SSR-enhanced HeLa and CaSki cells’ adhesion and metastasis through suppressed ITGA5, ITGB5, sLex, CEACAM-6, MMP9, and MMP23 transcript levels. Our data provide evidence suggesting that miR-128 is a promising microRNA that prevented endothelial cells’ adhesion and transendothelial migration to contribute to the SSR-enhanced adhesion and metastasis progression under a parallel-plate flow chamber system. This indicates that the nucleoid-based miR-128 strategy may be an attractive therapeutic strategy to eliminate tumor cells resistant to circulation shear flow, prevent vascular adhesion, and preclude subsequent transendothelial metastasis.