jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
WUSCHEL-D1 upregulation enhances grain number by inducing formation of multiovary-producing florets in wheat

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Innovative genetic improvements in food crops are needed to maintain global food security. Here, we report the map-based cloning of TaWUSCHEL-D1 ( WUS-D1 ) as the gene responsible for the multiovary phenotype in wheat, which produces three fertile ovaries and grains per floret. We generated a 14.5 Gbp chromosome-level assembly of multiovary wheat line “MOV” that shows unique structural variation in the Mov-1 physical region, resulting in widespread gene upregulation. High-resolution genetic mapping refined the locus to a 135 kbp region that contains two genes. We used nine independent deletion mutants, eight TILLING mutants, and genetic complementation of these genotypes to show that a WUSCHEL ortholog, WUS-D1 , is the causal gene of the Mov-1 locus. Expression studies showed that WUS-D1 is highly expressed during early inflorescence development in MOV, whereas the gene is inactive in wild-type wheat. The higher WUS-D1 expression is associated with the formation of larger meristems and floret primordia that are competent to produce multiple ovaries. These insights provide a foundation to manipulate floral organ numbers to enhance breeding capabilities of bread wheat.
SKA2 enhances stress-related glucocorticoid receptor signaling through FKBP4–FKBP5 interactions in neurons

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Genes involved in regulating the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, including the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), are linked to various stress-related psychopathologies including bipolar disorder as well as other mood and trauma-related disorders. The protein product of the cell cycle gene, SKA2, is a GR interaction partner in peripheral cells. However, the precise roles of SKA2 in stress and GR signaling in the brain, specifically in nonreplicating postmitotic neurons, and its involvement in HPA axis regulation remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate, using diverse in vitro cell assays, a mechanism by which SKA2 promotes GR signaling through enhancing GR–FKBP4 interaction leading to dissociation of FK506-bindingprotein 51 (FKBP5) from the complex. FKBP4 and FKBP5 are cochaperones known to regulate GR function in opposite directions. Notably in mice, SKA2 in Crh + neurons of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus is crucial for HPA axis responsiveness and for maintaining the negative feedback loop underlying allostasis. Moreover, we show that SKA2 expression is increased in postmortem human hippocampus and amygdala from individuals with BD. Our study highlights a critical role of SKA2 in HPA axis function, adds to the understanding of the molecular basis of stress-related psychiatric disorders, and points to potential targets for intervention.
‘Epic’ into Image: Wuthering Heights and the Gondal poems

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Only a month or so before the three Brontës decided to submit novels for publication, Emily was still deeply involved with Gondal. 'We intend sticking firmly by the rascals', i.e. the Gondal characters, she wrote in 1845. (It was a declaration more appropriate to her own interest than to Anne's.) The poems show that she remained loyal while Wuthering Heights was being submitted for publication and even after the book had appeared. The 'thirst for things abandoned now' of an 1846 poem may be an inexplicit reference to Gondal, and the poem itself shows that Gondal was not at that time abandoned. There is a great deal in the prose notes about Gondal, nothing about Wuthering Heights.
Clinical Picture and Risk Factors for Poor Outcome in Streptococcus pneumoniae Meningitis of Childhood on Three Continents

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis (SpM) remains a major health burden worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Identifying the patients at highest risk for mortality and disabling sequelae may reveal potentially avoidable predisposing factors and identify patients most in need of intensive care. We searched for factors that do not require laboratory facilities. Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of prospectively collected data from 5 clinical trials of childhood bacterial meningitis on 3 continents between 1984 and 2017. SpM cases were analyzed by study site and predictors for poor outcome (death or severe sequelae) were identified from the whole series, Latin America and Angola. Results: Among a total of 1575 children (age range: 2 months to 15 years), 505 cases were due to pneumococci. Compared to other etiologies, SpM doubled the death rate (33% vs. 17%) and tripled poor outcome (15% vs. 6%). In SpM, Glasgow Coma Score <13 [odds ratio (OR): 4.73] and previous antibiotics in Angola (OR: 1.70) were independent predictors for death. Predictors for poor outcome were age <1 year (OR: 2.41) and Glasgow Coma Score <13 (OR: 6.39) in the whole series, seizures in Latin America (OR: 3.98) and previous antibiotics in Angola (OR: 1.91). Angolan children had a 17-fold increased risk for poor outcome when compared with Finnish children ( P = 0.011). Conclusions: Our study proved the severity of SpM when compared with other etiologies. The outcome was especially poor in Angola. Most patients at risk for poor outcome are easily identified by clinical factors on admission.
Anomalous voltage dependence of tunnelling microscopy in WSe2

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) investigations of the layered semiconductor WSe2. The tunnelling experiments were performed in air and under silicone oil with markedly different results. In air, atomic resolution images of the hexagonally structured surface could be obtained for sample-to-tip voltages of both negative and positive polarities, from −1·5 to −0·3 V for negative sample and from +0·6 to +1·6 V for positive sample, respectively. Under silicone oil, however, good atomic images could be seen for negative sample biases down to at least −14 V, while for positive sample biases no difference with respect to the tunnelling in air was found.
Lipopolysaccharide induces alteration of serotonin transporter in human intestinal epithelial cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Intestinal serotoninergic activity and serotonin transporter (SERT) function have been shown to be altered in intestinal inflammatory diseases. Serotonin (5-HT) plays a critical role in the regulation of gastrointestinal physiology. Activity of 5-HT depends on its extracellular availability, partly modulated by SERT that transports 5-HT into the cell. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a component of Gram-negative bacteria outer membrane, which acts as a potent activator of the inflammatory system in the intestine. The aim of this work was to determine, in the enterocyte-like cell line Caco-2, whether LPS treatment affects serotoninergic activity by acting on SERT. The results demonstrate that LPS treatment diminishes SERT activity in a dose- and period-dependent way. The kinetic study shows that V max was significantly reduced after treatment with LPS. The LPS effect on 5-HT uptake was, in part, mediated by protein kinase C (PKC) activation. The molecular expression of SERT revealed that LPS treatment did not affect the mRNA level or the SERT protein content in cell homogenate. The level of SERT protein, however, was reduced on brush border membrane. The LPS effect might be due to an alteration of the intracellular traffic of SERT which may, in part, be mediated by PKC activity.
A Study on Awareness Towards Corporate Governance and its Dimensions Among the Microfinance Institutions

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In recent years, the notion of corporate governance has garnered significant attention; nonetheless, its implementation and comprehension have been inadequate and inconsistent among the majority of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs). Corporate governance frameworks are of paramount importance as they help ensure sustainable development, efficiency, accountability, and transparency of any financial institution. The study aims is to assess the current level of awareness towards corporate governance and its dimensions in Microfinance institutions.150 respondents were recruited from the population using the Simple Random Sampling technique. Five-Point Likert scale measurement tool is used to determine the level of awareness that the respondents have regarding corporate governance and its various dimensions in microfinance institutions. This is a significant gap not only in their effectiveness in their functional operations but in terms of their capacity for trust and for obtaining funds and investments. Corporatization in MFIs comprises issues such as the board of directors, relationships with other players, corporate risks, information disclosure, and integrity. The research finds that there are several issues that put many MFIs off course when it comes to good governance practices. These include inadequate resources, poor training, and poor legislation that did not address their need. Furthermore, most MFIs are small organizations or have a strong local focus; they may not adhere to the best of formal governance structures. This conflict does not only retard their growth but also opens them up to other catastrophes like; poor handling of their cash, embezzlement, and damaging their reputation.
Market synchronicity, impact of oil price volatility on stock market index

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

As one of the key energy sources, oil is considered as the backbone of many industries and plays a major role in the economic environment of a country. With the crude oil market and its dynamics having a global impact, literature widely analysed and investigated the relation between equity markets and global oil markets in the context of volatility spillover, oil shocks impact, as well as level of synchronisation. This research thereby attempts to investigate the relation between the two markets, with focus on investigating whether this relation differs based on the oil importing/exporting nature of countries. The US market and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are taken into consideration. The study is observing the correlation between the two markets through an ordinary least square multiple linear regression methodology. Further, the paper considers policy rate change of both countries as an independent variable.
Creative cities and the reflexivity of the urban creative economy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper addresses the abundant literature on the creative city that has been generated following publication in 2002 of Richard Florida’s work on the creative class. In particular, it is maintained that the discussion should be based more on a robust social economic analysis of urban economies. The paper starts with a brief review of the polarized debate on the creative city in which either the optimist obsession with a new growth sector is stressed or there is a focus of attention on its negative impact on urban society. Building on the idea of cultural production as a reflexive economic activity and on three empirical vignettes about how culture, the economy and the city interact, it argues that cultural production is an adaptable activity which is, however, permanently forced into a state of adaptation. Urban space and society have an ambivalent role here. On the one hand, the city offers adaptability: on the other hand, however, because this is the case, it fosters the need for permanent adaptation.
Effects of Stellate Ganglion Block on Patients with Amenorrhea.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

頭痛等を主訴とする患者で視床下部性無月経症を合併した症例に対し,星状神経節ブロックが月経再開をもたらすのに有効であった。ブロック後の血流および温度の変化が視床下部になんらかの作用を及ぼし,内分泌系のアンバランスを是正したために起こった効果であると考えられる。しかしながら,ブロックが頭痛,肩こり等を起こしているなんらかの背景因子を除去し,全身状態が良好となったために月経周期が規則的になった可能性も考えられる。ブロックにより頭痛等の治療目的のほかに,視床下部性無月経が改善し,月経が再開するとすればその相加効果は大きいと思われる。特に,妊娠を希望していない無排卵性無月経症に対してのブロック療法はホルモン投与療法と異なり,その効果に持続性,永続性があるという点で優れている可能性がある。
A Laboratory Study for Dual-Polarization Scattering Characteristics of Meteorological Objects

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Radar sensors with dual-polarization capability allow a better understanding and characterization of weather hazards. Especially, scattering characteristics become important for optimally designing and utilizing phase-array dual-polarization radar systems. In this investigation, an experimental approach was designed with the assistance of a controlled laboratory environment. As such, an advanced network analyzer-based scatterometer system has been developed in harmony with a new room that resembles an anechoic chamber. As discussed in the results section of this paper, the instrumented facility allows for key radar cross-section (RCS) parameters and preliminary validations through detailed scattering measurements.
Online Learning with Switching Costs and Other Adaptive Adversaries

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We study the power of different types of adaptive (nonoblivious) adversaries in the setting of prediction with expert advice, under both full-information and bandit feedback. We measure the player's performance using a new notion of regret, also known as policy regret, which better captures the adversary's adaptiveness to the player's behavior. In a setting where losses are allowed to drift, we characterize ---in a nearly complete manner--- the power of adaptive adversaries with bounded memories and switching costs. In particular, we show that with switching costs, the attainable rate with bandit feedback is $\widetildeΘ(T^{2/3})$. Interestingly, this rate is significantly worse than the $Θ(\sqrt{T})$ rate attainable with switching costs in the full-information case. Via a novel reduction from experts to bandits, we also show that a bounded memory adversary can force $\widetildeΘ(T^{2/3})$ regret even in the full information case, proving that switching costs are easier to control than bounded memory adversaries. Our lower bounds rely on a new stochastic adversary strategy that generates loss processes with strong dependencies.
Optimization of fertilizer use efficiency, soil quality and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) growth with biochar under drip irrigation conditions irrigation conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Biochar (BC) is an eco-friendly product characterized with high content of carbon and usually obtained by heating biomass without oxygen. Utilizing BC as organic material to amend the problematic soils and improve plant growth and yield has been proved previously. This study investigated the effect of vetiver grass biochar (VGB) on fertilizer use efficiency, soil quality, and oil palm growth performance. A net house experiment was conducted at the Farm Unit, UiTM Sarawak Branch, between August 2022 and March 2023. A factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five treatments and four replications was devised. Treatments applied were: T0) absolute control; T1) 100% NPK fertilizer; T2) 100% vetiver grass biochar; T3) 50% vetiver grass biochar + 50% NPK fertilizer; and T4) 25% vetiver grass biochar + 75% NPK fertilizer. The BC application significantly improved the fertilizer use efficiency through reducing the rate of fertilizer applied. It also significantly enhanced most soil-measured chemical properties and soil nutrients. The growth performance of oil palm plant was significantly enhanced by BC application in terms of plant height, hump diameter, leaf number, chlorophyll content, and plant biomass. The BC application demonstrated its usefulness in managing soil and cultivating oil palm plant sustainably by reducing the rate of fertilizer applied and improve the fertilizer use efficiency. Based on the output, we suggest that treatment T3 (50% vetiver grass biochar + 50% NPK) can be used to improve the growth performance of oil palm.
Primary antibody response to a distantly related heterologous antigen during maximum depression period after varying doses of x radiation.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Summary 1.Antigen administration by the intraperitoneal route stimulated greater antibody response than by the intravenous route in normal, adult mice. 2.The 30-day LD 50 dose for (C3H × 101)F 1 mice was 756.3 r (95% confidence limits of 728.1 and 786.5 r). 3.Antibody response for sheep red blood cells during the maximum depression period after varying doses of X radiation to the total body was measured in terms of a) inducation period, b) rate of antibody appearance in the circulation, c) mean peak titer and d) mean total titer. No quantitative relation between radiation dose and antibody response was apparent when mean peak titer was used as an index of antibody response. A curvilinear relation for the radiation dose and antibody response was obtained in terms of induction period, rate of antibody appearance, and mean total titer. The significance of these findings is discussed.
Math anxiety relates positively to metacognitive insight into mathematical test performance

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The current study reports a pre-registered investigation into the interrelations between mathematics anxiety, metacognition and mathematical performance. Although this question has already received some attention in previous work, reliance on self-report measures of metacognition has hindered its interpretation. Here, a novel experimental mathematical task was used in which participants solved mathematical assignments of varying difficulty, and expressed their level of confidence in the accuracy of their decision both prospectively and retrospectively. Mathematics anxiety was measured using a standardized questionnaire. Both prospective and retrospective confidence judgments predicted unique variation in accuracy, however, the explanatory effect of prospective confidence disappeared after taking task difficulty into account. This suggests that prospective, but not retrospective, confidence is largely based on superficial cues indicative of performance. Results of a multiple regression analysis indicated that individual differences in mathematics anxiety were negatively related to the overall level of confidence (both prospectively and retrospectively), and positively related to metacognitive efficiency (only prospectively). Having insight in these interrelationships is important in the context of remediating mathematics anxiety, which might in turn be useful with regard to the worldwide need for more workers with degrees in science, technology, engineering, or mathematics (STEM).
The Role of Moisture Balance in Wound Healing

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

PURPOSE: To provide an overview of moisture balance and its importance in wound healing. TARGET AUDIENCE: This continuing education activity is intended for physicians and nurses with an interest in wound care. OBJECTIVES: After reading this article and taking the test, the reader should be able to: Discuss the wound healing process and wound assessment. Describe the types of dressings available and how they meet the needs of the individual patient.
First isolation of enteric adenoviruses type 41 from children with acute gastroenteritis in Hungary.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In a retrospective study, 122 stool specimens, collected 1989-1990, from children with gastroenteritis were found to contain adenoviruses. Twenty-nine adenoviruses of 50 randomly selected adenovirus-positive fecal samples were successfully propagated in Graham 293 cells and were typed by DNA restriction enzyme analysis with SmaI. Six strains were typed as adenovirus 41 (Ad41), and 23 strains as non-enteric adenovirus. All six adenoviruses type 41 had the same DNA pattern identical with that of the variant Ad41/D12. Ad40 viruses were not detected. Enteric Ad41 infections were observed only in males and were found throughout the year. This is the first report on isolation and typing of enteric adenoviruses 41 in Hungary.
Automatic Categorization Tool for Open Software Repositories

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The world of Open Source software has demonstrated the remarkable appeal of communal software development. Large number of software projects can leverage, reuse, and coordinate their work through Internet and web-based technology. For example, Source-Forge currently hosts about sixty thousand software systems. Similar strategies have been suggested for corporate software development, through notions like Corporate Source and Progressive Open Source [6, 7] When used in a corporate setting, infrastructures for project information sharing present new opportunities. For example, one would like to know all projects that have something in common, so that the project groups can collaborate and share their work. With thousands of projects, manually locating related projects can be difficult. Hence, we propose to use automatic software categorization to find clusters of related software projects, using only the source code from projects. Our experiments with a small set of C programs demonstrates potential for automatic categorization of software systems without human aid. 1.
Lessons for community-based management approaches to mine water pollution problems: a comparative study of four cases in northeast England

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper examines the role of community-based management (CBM) in dealing with the problem of mine water pollution (MWP) in four ex-pit sites in northeast England. The outcomes of CBM can be divided into two categories: ecological (environmental improvement) and social (community improvement). The ecological outcomes range from problem recognition to investigation and remediation; the social outcomes range from community awareness to participation and enhanced cooperation. Both kinds of outcome were completely achieved in only one site (Quaking Houses). In the other three sites, varying degrees of success were achieved in each category. The main lessons learned are two-fold: first, even if CBM does not achieve its ecological aims, it may nonetheless be valuable in achieving social outcomes; second, its chances of achieving either ecological or social outcomes are linked to the resources (human, technical, financial, experiential, structural, legitimacy and network) that the community possesses.
Prevalence and the associated risk factors of gastrointestinal parasites of shoats in Tiyo District, Arsi zone, Oromia, South West Ethiopia

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A cross-sectional study was conducted during October 2018 to November 2019 in Tiyo district, Arsi Zone of Oromia National Regional State in order to determine the prevalence of Shoats GIT parasites and the associated risk factors.
New Insights from N-CEN: Liquidity Management at Open-End Funds and Primary Market Concentration of ETFs

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Structural vulnerabilities associated with open-end funds have received increasing attention among academics and regulators over the past few years. Despite the effort by policymakers to enhance the liquidity risk management practices at these funds, evaluating the availability, use and effectiveness of liquidity management tools continues to be a challenging task in assessing vulnerabilities in open-end funds, largely because comprehensive data on open-end funds' access to liquidity management tools remain scarce.