jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Can tumor vaccines really cure liver cancer?]

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In China, the incidence of liver cancer remains high. Approximately 80% of diagnosed patients are in the intermediate and advanced stages, with a high recurrence rate and poor prognosis after surgery. Therefore, substantially reducing the incidence and mortality has always been a major clinical challenge for liver cancer. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy represented by programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody is gradually innovating the traditional paradigm of tumor treatment, but the beneficiary population in liver cancer patients is relatively limited. With the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing, proteomics and immunomics and other fields, the demand for precision medicine continues to increase. Tumor vaccines, especially derived from neoantigens, have shown promising therapeutic effects in malignant solid tumors such as melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer due to their immunogenicity. Combining the latest research reports at home and abroad, this paper emphasis on whether tumor vaccines can effectively treat or even cure liver cancer.
LHD EB-NPA-C #195370.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

To study fast ion confinement and transport mechanisms both in quiescent plasmas and in the presence of magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) activity, an electric field parallel to the magnetic field type neutral particle analyzer (E||B-NPA) was installed using Micro-Channel Plates (MCPs) in the Large Helical Device (LHD). The E||B-NPA is an established diagnostic used to measure the energy distribution of charge exchange neutral particles escaping from plasmas corresponding to hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium, respectively.
678 Use of Mirabegron in anticholinergic-resistant functional bladder overactivity (OAB) – medium/long term outcomes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective

Mirabegron (either alone or in combination with an anticholinergic) has been shown to be effective in adult patients with OAB but remains unlicensed in the Paediatric population. Our aim was to review the symptomatic outcome ≥24 months after starting Mirabegron in a Paediatric population with significant OAB who had failed urotherapy and anticholinergic medication with urodynamically proven detrusor overactivity.

Methods

Retrospective, single Centre review of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) at start of therapy, 6, 12, 24 months and final follow up.

Results

84 patients started Mirabegron (25–50mg daily), 56% female at a mean age 11 (range 5–17 years). Baseline LUTS: urinary urgency 81%, daytime wetting (DUI) 75%, (88% of these wet 7/7 days), enuresis (NE) 80% (91% of these wet 7/7 nights), combined day and night time wetting 58%. At 6 months: 71% remained on treatment. 4 patients dry off medication (further 4 had partial response and off medication) and 66% stated improvement. 50% on combination therapy (with anticholinergic). Of those on medication: urinary urgency 50%, DUI 47% (30% wet 7/7 days), NE 57% (33% wet 7/7 nights). At 12 months: 63% remained on treatment. Further 4 dry and off treatment. 70% on combination therapy. Of those on medication: urinary urgency 48%, DUI 43% (15% wet 7/7 days), NE 46% (26% wet 7/7 nights). At 24 months: 45% remained on treatment, further 10 dry off treatment. 79% on combination. Of those on treatment: urgency 29%, DUI 26% (18% wet 7/7 days), NE 26% (18% wet 7/7 nights). At last follow up (24–76 months): 21 patients remained on treatment. 71% on combination. Urinary urgency 19%, DUI 19% (14% severe 7/7) and NE 9% (9% wet 7/7 nights).

Outcomes

Improvement in incontinence over time is shown in figure 1. Overall, 73% good response to treatment with 54% dry (on or off medication) and a further 19% show partial response (50–90%improvement) Figure 2. The mean duration of Mirabegron therapy was 25.9 months. During follow-up 16 (19%) patients reported side effects with 4 stopping treatment.

Conclusion

Mirabegron alone, or in combination with an anticholinergic, offers a well-tolerated and effective treatment for children and young people suffering from frequent urinary incontinence caused by significant detrusor overactivity that has failed to respond to anticholinergics. Resolution of symptoms occurred in nearly half of patients by 24 months.
TINJAUAN HISTOLOGIK TULANG RAWAN

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract: Cartilage belongs to the suppportive tissue which is relatively dense. In an adult, this tissue is only found in two areas: extraskeletal cartilage and joints. During chondrogenesis in an embryo, messenchymal cells round up, retract their extensions, multiply rapidly, and form cellular condensation, cartilage formation area. The development of this ares occurs in two mechanisms: interstitial growth and apppositional growth. Injured cartilage will be repaired by the perichondrium. Its cells tend to fill spaces or deffects meanwhile chondrogenic cells of the perichondrium will undergone proliferation and differentiation to become chondroblast which produces new matrix.Keywords: cartilage, types of cartilageAbstrak: Tulang rawan merupakan jaringan ikat penahan berat yang relatif padat, tetapi tidak sekuat tulang. Dalam kehidupan pasca lahir, jaringan ini hanya ditemukan pada dua jenis tempat sesudah tidak tumbuh lagi, yaitu pada sejumlah bangunan tulang rawan ekstra-skeletal yang terdapat dalam tubuh dan pada persendian. Pada tempat pembentukan tulang rawan embrio, sel-sel mesenkim menyusutkan cabang-cabangnya dan mengumpul dalam agregasi padat yang dikenal sebagai pusat kondrifikasi. Pertumbuhan dalam perluasan pusat kondrifikasi terjadi melalui dua mekanisme berbeda, yaitu: pertumbuhan interstitial dan pertumbuhan aposisional. Cedera tulang rawan akibat trauma akan diperbaiki oleh perikondrium. Sel-sel perikondrium cenderung untuk mengisi kekosongan atau defek, sedangkan sel-sel kondrogenik dalam perikondrium akan berproliferasi dan berdiferensiasi menjadi kondroblas yang menghasilkan matriks baru.Kata kunci: kartilago, jenis kartilago
Positioning Laser Line Detection Algorithm of Construction Robot Based on LSD and Improved Least Squares Method

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A laser line detection algorithm for the positioning of construction robots based on Line Segment Detector (LSD) and an improved least squares method (LSM) is proposed to address the line finding and localization requirements in actual construction operations. After preprocessing and edge detection of the input image, the LSD algorithm is utilized to detect line segments representing the laser lines for positioning. These line segments are then converted into a point set containing information about the laser lines' positions. To overcome the limitations of traditional least squares method that relies on vertical errors, an improved least squares method is employed to fit the centerline of the laser lines, which serves as a reference for subsequent robot localization. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm accurately detects and fits the centerline of the laser lines in the input image, and exhibits high robustness and accuracy.
Ubiquitination, localization, and stability of an anti-apoptotic BCL2-like protein, BCL2L10/BCLb, are regulated by Ubiquilin1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We have previously shown that all six members of the anti-apoptotic BCL2 gene family can cooperate with (myelocytomatosis oncogene) MYC in a mouse model of leukemia, but three of them are significantly less potent contributors to leukemogenicity than the other three. The protein encoded by one of these less potent genes, BCL2L10/BCLb, was recently shown to vary dramatically in many primary human cancers by immunohistochemistry, and the protein levels were inversely correlated with survival in patients with several cancer types. We examined BCLb mRNA in a panel of human cancer cell lines and did not observe the extensive variation in mRNA that would be required to explain the vast differences in protein levels. We found that the levels of BCLb protein diminish quickly after inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide, so we searched for interacting proteins that might affect posttranslational stability of BCLb. Using a variety of approaches, including immunoaffinity and mass spectrometry, we identified a protein, Ubiquilin1 (Ubqln), that specifically interacts with BCLb, and not with other anti-apoptotic BCL2-like proteins. Ubqln stabilizes BCLb protein, while also promoting monoubiquitination on multiple lysine residues and relocation to the cytosol. Furthermore, primary lung adencarcinomas have more Ubqln mRNA than normal adjacent lung tissue, and higher Ubqln mRNA levels are associated with shorter survival of lung cancer patients, suggesting that potentiation of the anti-apoptotic potential of BCLb through regulation of its stability by Ubqln may be an important factor in tumor progression.
Health assessment of a marginal reef site in Southeastern Brazil: integrating ecological indicators and anthropogenic pressures to guide management decisions

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Coastal marine ecosystems provide important services yet have been under increased local and global anthropogenic pressures worldwide. Hence, health assessment studies are necessary to guide management actions ensuring biodiversity conservation and the maintenance of ecosystem services. We applied a protocol previously developed by our group for the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to assess the health of a marginal reef ecosystem at Armação dos Búzios, Southeastern Brazil - a touristic destination that has experienced a rapid urbanization since the last decades. The protocol evaluates temporal trends in Ecological Indicators (diversity, singularity and species substitution) and an Environmental Pressure Index. Quantitative benthic and pressure data obtained for 11 sites in 2000/2001 were used as the baseline and compared to data generated in 2016/2017. Most sites showed a decreased singularity and increased diversity over time. This suggests sites are becoming more homogenous in terms of species composition. Despite some variability among sites, the Environmental Pressure Index exhibited almost the same pattern as ten years ago with the same sites ranked as the least and the most subjected to anthropogenic pressures. Differences among sites were mainly driven by urban development. This study represents an important tool for the ecosystem management of the area.
Effect of online word-of-mouth and product tangibility on consumer attitude and behavioural intention.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Word-of-Mouth (WOM) communication is increasingly being recognized as one of the most effective and persuasive tools in affecting consumer attitude and purchase decision. Till today, a great deal of research has been conducted to examine the impact of negative WOM (NWOM) and positive WOM (PWOM) on consumer attitude. However, little research focused on WOM in the online context. Given the emergence of the Internet, consumers are increasingly volunteering product experience and information online, as well as relying on the Internet to seek opinions before making a purchase decision. As such, this research investigates the impact of NWOM and PWOM in affecting both consumer attitude and behavioral intention, in the online context. In addition, this research also examines the impact of WOM on tangible and intangible products. Findings from this research replicated existing literature that NWOM is more potent in changing both consumer attitude and behavioral intention than PWOM, in the online context. Furthermore, results indicated that online WOM is more effective in changing consumer attitude for intangible than tangible products. However, for behavioral intention, there is no significant evidence to imply that online WOM is more effective for intangible than tangible products.
Localization of light in one-dimensional disordered photonic crystals: Statistics of resonant transmission in the band gap region

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The possibility of Anderson localization of light in disordered media has been intriguing the optics community for several decades. Experimental verification of the localization phenomenon, however, turns out to be quite elusive [1]. One difficulty is a weak scattering of electromagnetic waves at both low and high frequencies. Another significant obstacle is the presence of absorption, which mimics the exponential reduction of transmission with increasing sample size, characteristic for localization, and always casts doubts on experimental claims that such a decrease is due to localization. [1] A way around the first of these difficulties was proposed by S. John [2], who suggested that by distorting randomly an originally periodic photonic structure, one can facilitate the localization of light at frequencies close to the band boundaries of the initial periodic structure. Moreover, disorder introduced in an originally periodic structure can give rise to localized states of light inside the band gaps of the initial spectrum. These states would be analogous to Lifshitz tail states in semiconductors. A method to circumvent the absorption related problems was suggested in Ref. [3], where it was proposed to measure statistical characteristics of transmitted light in order to observe the transition to localized states.
Dietary Change Scenarios and Implications for Environmental, Nutrition, Human Health and Economic Dimensions of Food Sustainability

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Demand side interventions, such as dietary change, can significantly contribute towards the achievement of 2030 national sustainable development goals. However, most previous studies analysing the consequences of dietary change focus on a single dimension of sustainability (e.g., environment) using a limited number of indicators and dietary scenarios. A multi-dimension and multi-indicator analysis can identify the potential trade-offs. Here, starting from the current food consumption data (year 2011), we first designed nine alternative dietary scenarios (healthy Swiss diet, healthy global diet, vegetarian, vegan, pescatarian, flexitarian, protein-oriented and meat-oriented diets and a food greenhouse gas tax diet). Next we calculated three nutritional quality (nutrient balance score, disqualifying nutrient score, percent population with adequate nutrition), five environmental (greenhouse gas, water, land, nitrogen and phosphorus use), one economic (daily food expenditure) and one human health indicator (DALYs) for current and alternative diets. We found that transition towards a healthy diet following the guidelines of Swiss society of nutrition is the most sustainable option and is projected to result in 36% lesser environmental footprint, 33% lesser expenditure and 2.67% lower adverse health outcome (DALYs) compared with the current diet. On the other extreme, transition towards a meat or protein oriented diet can lead to large increases in diet related adverse health outcomes, environmental footprint, daily food expenditure and a reduction in intakes of essential nutrients (for Vitamin C, Fibre, Potassium and Calcium). We found that shifting to the vegetarian and vegan diet scenarios might lead to a reduction in intakes of certain micronutrients currently supplied primarily by animal-sourced foods (Vitamin B12, Choline and Calcium). Results show that achieving a sustainable diet would entail a high reduction in the intake of meat and vegetable oils and a moderate reduction in cereals, roots and fish products and at the same time increased intake of legumes, nuts, seeds, fruits and vegetables. We identify several current data and research gaps that need to be filled in order to get more accurate results. Overall, our analysis underscores the need to consider multiple indicators while assessing the dietary sustainability and provides a template to conduct such studies in other countries and settings. Future efforts should focus on assessing the potential of different interventions and policies that can help transition the population from current to sustainable dietary patterns.
PUBLIC’S SENTIMENT ANALYSIS ON SHOPEE-FOOD SERVICE USING LEXICON-BASED AND SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Technology field following how era keep evolving. Social media already on everyone’s daily life and being a place for writing their opinion, either review or response for product and service that already being used. Twitter are one of popular social media on Indonesia, according to Statista data it reach 17.55 million users. For online business sector, knowing sentiment score are really important to stepping up their business. The use of machine learning, NLP (Natural Processing Language), and text mining for knowing the real meaning of opinion words given by customer called sentiment analysis. Two methods are using for data testing, the first is Lexicon Based and the second is Support Vector Machine (SVM). Data source that used for sentiment analyst are from keyword ‘ShopeeFood’ and ‘syopifud’. The result of analysis giving accuracy score 87%, precision score 81%, recall score 75%, and f1-score 78%.
Some Aspects of Penicillin Production By Aspergillus Nidulans

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

SUMMARYSUMMARY1. The statement is made that Aspergillus nidulans produces penicillin in both surface and submerged fermentations.2. Evidence for this statement includes: a, inactivation by penicillinase; b, method of extraction; c, inactivation by hydroxylamine; d inactivation by copper sulphate; e, instability at low and high pH; f, solubility in various organic solvents; g, antibacterial activity.3. Of the twenty carbon sources investigated, the whole ground grains supported the best yields. Exclusive of the whole ground grains, lactose and galactose were the best carbon sources. The maximum yield and the time the peak was reached depended upon the concentration of carbon and the amount of aeration. The effect of concentration and aeration varies with the carbon source.4. No substitute as good as corn steep was found. Soy bean meal was the best of the substitutes among the substances investigated. Corn steep at a 4 per cent concentration, when used with a 2 per cent concentration of lactose, supported the highest yields.5. The chemical changes occurring during fermentation were studied.6. The highest yield obtained was equivalent to 20u/ml. of penicillin.
A Mutation in the Latency-Related Gene of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Leads to Impaired Ocular Shedding in Acutely Infected Calves

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) is an important pathogen of cattle, and infection is usually initiated in the ocular or nasal cavity. Like other alphaherpesviruses, BHV-1 establishes latency in sensory neurons but has the potential of reactivating from latency and spreading. The only abundant viral transcript expressed during latency is the latency-related (LR) RNA, which is alternatively spliced in trigeminal ganglia during acute infection (L. R. Devireddy and C. Jones, J. Virol. 72:7294–7301, 1998). LR gene products inhibit cell cycle progression (Y. Jiang, A. Hossain, M. T. Winkler, T. Holt, A. Doster, and C. Jones, J. Virol. 72:8133–8142, 1998) and chemically induced apoptosis (J. Ciacci-Zannela, M. Stone, G. Henderson, and C. Jones. J. Virol. 73:9734–9740, 1999). Although these studies suggest that LR gene products play an important role in the latency/pathogenesis of BHV-1, construction of a mutant is necessary to test this hypothesis. Because the bICP0 gene overlaps and is antisense to the LR gene, it was necessary to mutate the LR gene without altering bICP0 expression. This was accomplished by inserting three stop codons near the beginning of the LR RNA, thus interfering with expression of proteins expressed by the LR RNA. The LR mutant virus grew with wild-type (WT) efficiency in bovine kidney (MDBK) cells and expressed bICP0 at least as efficiently as WT BHV-1 or the LR rescued virus. When calves were infected with the LR mutant, we observed a dramatic decrease (3 to 4 log units) in ocular shedding during acute infection relative to WT or the LR rescued virus. In contrast, shedding of the LR mutant from the nasal cavity was not significantly different from that of the WT or the LR rescued virus. Calves infected with the LR mutant exhibited mild clinical symptoms, but they seroconverted. Neutralizing antibody titers were lower in calves infected with the LR mutant, confirming reduced growth. In summary, this study suggests that an LR protein promotes ocular shedding during acute infection of calves.
The Utilization of Glucose by Normal Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase and by Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Mediterranean

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The utilization of glucose and other nonphosphorylated sugars by partially purified normal G-6-PD and G-6-PD Mediterranean was investigated. Both enzymes have the capacity to oxidize glucose with a Km of approximately 0.8 M. The utilization of glucose by both enzymes was markedly stimulated by the presence of bicarbonate, and the activity with Mediterranean enzyme was greater than that of normal G-6-PD. The pH optimum of utilization of glucose by the two enzymes was very similar. Galactose, 2-deoxyglucose, fructose, mannose, and ribose did not serve as substrate for either type of G-6-PD.
Obstacles of Instructors in Writing and Publishing International Journal Articles: A Study of Theological Schools in Indonesia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to investigate obstacles faced by Indonesian theological schools' lecturers in writing and publishing international journal articles. Using a thematic analysis technique, qualitative information from in‐depth interviews with 18 lecturers was examined, and 216 lecturers' quantitative responses were examined using the Likert scale. The findings show that the lecturers have barriers particularly in terms of fluency, structure, diction, and writing techniques in writing English language journal articles. They encounter issues with research financing, publication costs, and journal article publication standards. It is proposed that in order to overcome these barriers, the lecturers should be guided and given training on how to use English, particularly while writing articles. In addition, their institutions should reconsider their policies on transfer of funding due to the barriers' existing policies pose to research funding and publication.
Twentieth-Century China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Reflections on a watershed date: the 1949 divide in Chinese history / Paul A. Cohen -- Ten theses on the Chinese Revolution / Joseph W. Esherick -- Toward a Chinese feminism: a personal story / Lin Chun -- Newspapers and nationalism in rural China 1890-1929 / Henrietta Harrison -- Contours of revolutionary change in a Chinese county, 1900-1950 / R. Keith Schoppa -- Perspective on the Chinese Communist revolution / Kathleen Hartford, Steven M. Goldstein -- Suspect history and the mass line: another Yan'an Way / Chen Yung-Fa -- The Chinese language of liberation: gender and jiefang in early Chinese Communist Party discourse / Harriet Evans -- Revolutionary rudeness: the language of Red Guards and rebel workers in China's cultural Revolution / Elizabeth J. Perry, Li Xun -- Tianamen 1989: background and consequences / Marie-Claire Bergere -- The year of living anxiously: China's 1999 / Jeffrey N. Wasserstrom.