jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A survey of China's birth control among women of child-bearing age.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

To further implement China's family planning policy of "prevention first, birth control first," a study of the current family planning situation was conducted. A survey of the birth control methods employed by women of childbearing age and by men was based on a nationwide randomized sampling of 1/1000. In the different age groups, ranging from 15-49 years old, IUD users accounted for over 50%, tubal sterilization 25%, and vasectomy 10%. The main IUD users were women in the 20-24 age group. Tubal sterilization was more prevalent among the women in the 35-39 age group. The use of oral contraceptives (OCs) was more common among younger women but accounted for less than 10% of the total. The survey was based on the replies to questionnaires from 172,788 married women of childbearing age; 120,022 of them practiced contraceptive methods for a birth control rate of 69.46%. The breakdown was as follows: IUD, 34.84%; tubal sterilization, 17.63%; vasectomy, 6.94%; OCs, 5.86%; condom users, 1.39%; and other methods (including chemical suppositories, rhythm, or safe period method and withdrawal before ejaculation), 2.78%. There was a higher percentage of OC users in urban areas, and a marked preference for IUDs in the rural communities. The rural birth control rate was 68.58%; the urban rate was 74.17%. The use of the IUD has priority in all the areas; its percentage approaches the national average level. The use of vasectomy as a birth control method varies considerably according to area as does the use of OCs, condom, and tubal sterilization. Rural minority groups prefer the IUD and OCs; tubal sterilization, the condom, and vasectomy are preferred by the Han nationality. The birth control rate differed according to the different occoupation groups: 77.85%, workers; 76.01%, farmers; 85.15%, cadres; 59.52%, housewives; and 66.67%, others. The birth control rate was higher among those who received a college education than the illiterates, but statistics did not show a significant difference in the rate of those with a high school education and the illiterates. Mothers of 0-1 children generally preferred OCs; tubal sterilization was preferred by mothers with 2-3 children. The nonusers of contraception accounted for 30.54% among married women of childbearing age. A breakdown gives the following figures: menopause and infertility, 6.17%; divorced and widowed, 1.64%; planned parenthood, 10.51%; nonusers who should have practiced contraception, 12.22%. On a national level, the estimated number of nonusers of contraception among those who should be practicing contraception comes to about 20,000,000 women.
The impact of knowledge brokering on nurses’ empathy with patients receiving cardiac care: an experimental study

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Background: Patients with cardiovascular diseases often experience fear of death, depression and anxiety, all of which are linked to a heightened risk of future cardiac events. Research indicates that improved empathy is associated with a reduced risk of such events, making the enhancement of empathy among cardiac nurses crucial. Knowledge brokering, a strategy that utilises various interventions to strengthen practice, is key to achieving this. Purpose: This study aims to examine the impact of knowledge brokering on nurses’ empathy towards patients receiving cardiac care. Methods: This experimental study involved 100 cardiac nurses who were randomly assigned to control and intervention groups. The intervention group received knowledge brokering using Dobbin’s seven-stage method. Empathy levels were measured using the Empathy Construct Rating Scale (ECRS), with scores ranging from +252 to -252, and analysed using SPSS version 21. Results: Findings showed a significant mean empathy change score (MECS) of 22.90 ± 50.93 in the intervention group ( p =0.003) compared to 7.10 ± 60.20 in the control group ( p =0.408). Notably, nurses with a baseline empathy score of ≥100 in the intervention group exhibited a significantly higher adjusted MECS than the control group (11.44 units versus -15.42 units). Conclusion: Knowledge brokering can enhance empathy in moderately empathic cardiac nurses, with its effectiveness influenced by the nurses’ initial empathy levels. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the knowledge brokering strategy in healthcare settings.
Differential Apoptotic Response to the Proteasome Inhibitor Bortezomib (VELCADETM, PS-341) in Bax-Deficient and p21-Deficient Colon Cancer Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway has emerged as a promising approach for treating cancer. Bortezomib (VELCADE, formerly known as PS-341), a potent and reversible proteasome inhibitor, is being evaluated in clinical trials for treating multiple myeloma, and various other types of hematologic and solid tumors. Proteasome inhibitors are known to induce apoptosis in human cancer cells. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of apoptosis induced by proteasome inhibitors remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of p53 and its downstream targets in bortezomib-induced apoptosis in HCT116 human colon cancer cells. We demonstrated that bortezomib induced p53, and activated its downstream genes p21, PUMA and Bax in a p53-dependent fashion. However, apoptotic response to bortezomib was not affected by the deletion of p53. Surprisingly, we found that bortezomib-induced apoptosis was markedly enhanced in the p21-knockout cells, while significantly decreased in the BAX-knockout cells. Furthermore, in the cells deficient for both Bax and p21, apoptosis was restored to the level in the parental or the p53-deficient cells. The opposite effects of Bax and p21 were unrelated to the extent of proteasome inhibition, and were also observed in cells treated with different proteasome inhibitors. These results indicate that p53 downstream targets can collectively modulate apoptotic response to bortezomib and other proteasome inhibitors.
lncRNA SNHG15 Promotes Ovarian Cancer Progression through Regulated CDK6 via Sponging miR‐370‐3p

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Ovarian cancer is a kind of cancer from the female genital tract; the molecular mechanism still needs to be explored. lncRNA plays a vital role in tumorigenesis and development. Our aim was to identify oncogenic lncRNAs in ovarian cancer and explore the potential molecular mechanism. SNHG15 was initially identified by using GEO datasets (GSE135886 and GSE119054) and validated by tumor tissues and the cell line, identifying that SNHG15 was upregulated in ovarian cancer. Besides, high SNHG15 indicated poor prognosis in ovarian cancer. Furthermore, knockdown SNHG15 suppresses ovarian cancer proliferation and promotes apoptosis. Mechanistically, SNHG15 promotes proliferation through upregulated CDK6 via sponging miR‐370‐3p. Taken together, our findings emphasize the important role of SNHG15 in ovarian cancer, suggesting that SNHG15 may be a promising target for ovarian cancer.
Brief Reports Information Processing Strategy to Remediate Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Performance in Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A modified procedure for administering the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, focusing on a hypothesized deficit oforganizational strategy in information processing, was used to admin-ister the test to 20 schizophrenic patients. By using this procedure, 61.5 % of the poor per-f ormers (eight of 13) were dramatically transformed into good performers without any task instruction or reinforcement. The results, albeit preliminary, support the hypothesis and the possibility of remediating the task performance ofsome schizophrenic patients. (Am J Psychiatry 1 994; 151:915-918) T he Wisconsin Card Sorting Test is a commonly used measure of concept formation and cognitive flexibility that is considered to be sensitive to prefrontal deficits in neurological and psychiatric patients, and the literature has consistently shown impaired performance on this test among schizophrenic subjects ( 1). Several reports have shown encouraging plasticity in some schizophrenic patients ’ performance when they me-
Osteoporosis and N u trition

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although nutrition accounts only for a small percentage of bone mass, it is essential for reaching and maintaining peak bone mass and for preventing accelerated bone loss with age. Calcium, proteins, and vitamin D are the best investigated nutrients, protein- and vitamin D-deficiency becoming frequent with advancing age, vitamin K, trace elements, and phosphorus having additional effects. Excessive intake of animal proteins leads to bone loss via acidotic stimulation of osteoclastic bone resorption, and high salt intake enhances negative calcium balance by increasing renal calcium losses. Dairy products offer an equilibrated Calcium and protein intake, but have to be monitored for their fat content. Adequate nutrition in childhood influences positively bone mass in adulthood, while nutritional supplementation in elderlies can even increase bone mass.
Urban mobility and road safety in the Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Mexico. Another perspective on the pedestrian and cyclist

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

El abordaje teórico de la movilidad urbana desde la disponibilidad de medios de transporte motorizados resulta en un enfoque cuantitativo que sólo evalúa la cobertura y prioridad de la movilidad privada sobre los medios no motorizados. La capacidad de la infraestructura vial para dirigir los vehículos hacia su destino, es un complemento recurrente en investigaciones. Abordar la movilidad urbana desde los movimientos de personas y no de vehículos, permite adoptar una tendencia cualitativa que busca otros elementos a su paso, con parámetros más complejos, pero más humanos. El cometido que tiene el presente artículo es, de manera obligada, repensar la movilidad desde la persona, sea conductor, pasajero, peatón o ciclista, en conjunto con la seguridad vial y el entorno urbano de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México (ZMVM). La adopción de tal enfoque, pretende contribuir con una nueva visión para el análisis de la movilidad urbana en México, en una de las aglomeraciones urbanas más complejas del país. Hacerlo es precisar la disminución de muertos y heridos con lesiones permanentes a causa de siniestros viales en las metrópolis del país.
Optimization of Adaptive Controller Algorithm for a 6-DOF Robotic Manipulator

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Real time application of a 6-DOF robotic manipulator is very challenging and requires new robust control algorithms.When the unknown parameters of a robotic manipulator being changed, it is difficult to ensure the stability of the robotic manipulator system.Due to this phenomenon, an optimal adaptive algorithm is proposed for an existing 6-DOF robotic manipulator.This algorithm is based on the design of sliding mode surface to reduce the system position error, adding adaptive algorithm to compensate the instability of the system.The comparative simulation results prove that this algorithm has a good tracking performance, which can effectively eliminate the position steady-state error.
In Vivo Destruction of Tumor Cells by an Indirect Cell-Mediated Immune Mechanism

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Polyoma cells coated with anti-tumor rabbit antibodies were administered in a lethal dose to C57BL/6J mice. The growth of the tumor cells was partially or completely inhibited in vivo by syngeneic lymphoid cells sensitized to rabbit immunoglobulins. The phenomenon was immunologically specific.
Strategies for Analyzing Ordinal Quality-of-Life Data with Application to Patient's Assessment of Own Functioning Inventory

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Author(s): Fedortsova, Nadejda Sergeevna | Advisor(s): Belin, Thomas R. | Abstract: In quality-of-life research, the Patient’s Assessment of Own Functioning Inventory (PAOFI) was developed by neuropsychologists to reflect capabilities in memory, language and communication, higher-level cognition, and sensorimotor functioning. A statistical perspective on applied research using the PAOFI raises questions about how ordinal item scores have been dichotomized into binary outcomes given what is known about the loss of information from dichotomizing continuously-scaled measures. Drawing on a sample of breast-cancer survivors in a study of how breast-cancer treatment affected quality of life, and using an information-theory-based aggregate measure of entropy obtained by summing contributions of individual items, the score based on dichotomized PAOFI items was about 70% lower than using ordinal PAOFI items. Furthermore, investigation of PAOFI domain scores across breast cancer treatment groups revealed sensitivity of inferences to dichotomization cut-points, suggesting that avoiding dichotomization and analyzing PAOFI scores on the original ordinal scale might be preferable. Previous investigation of the PAOFI on a diverse sample of individuals identified 4 prominent factors; however, in the breast-cancer-survivor sample, a 5-factor solution provided a more natural interpretation. Analyses of domain scores across breast cancer treatment groups revealed significant differences in factor scores with some degree of sensitivity to whether the factor analysis used ordinal or dichotomized items. After using item response theory to select 2 items per domain, it was still possible to detect significant differences in domain scores across breast cancer treatment groups. To reflect the full range of associations between background characteristics and quality-of-life domains, we implemented 3-part models for PAOFI outcomes, modeling (1) an indicator for any serious problem versus no serious problem within a given domain, (2) the number of problems experienced by a patient on a given domain, and (3) either the average severity or the aggregate impact of problems experienced on a given domain. Using the Memory: Absent-Mindedness domain for illustration, we found diverse sets of significant predictors of the different outcomes. Overall, the dissertation reveals a number of ways to improve upon previous statistical analysis approaches that dichotomized ordinal PAOFI items to enhance understanding of breast-cancer quality of life.
Variability of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Isolates the Causal Agent of Anthracnose Disease of Cassava and Yam Plants in Ghana

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cassava and yam plants are important staple foods of millions of people in the tropical world and provide food security in most parts of sub-Saharan Africa. Their production however is affected by anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, (Penz.) Penz. and Sacc contributing to 30-70% economic loss in both crops. A study was carried out to determine if variations exist between isolates of C. gloeosporioides on the two crops occurring in different agro-ecological zones of Ghana. Anthracnose-diseased samples of cassava and yam plant parts (leaves and stem/vine) were collected from four agro-ecological zones of Ghana (Forest, Forest-Savannah Transition, Guinea and Coastal Savannah). Isolations of the causal organism C. gloeosporioides were made. The isolates were investigated on the basis of growth characteristics on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA): presence or absence of setae, colour of cultures, dimensions of conidia. Pathogenicity of isolates was determined and molecular analysis conducted using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Results showed both similarities and variations in cultural, morphological and growth characteristics of the pathogen. Isolates from yam caused pathogenic lesions on cassava and yam plant sections and vice versa. Forty-four isolates of C. gloeosporioides from cassava and yam compared by RAPD analysis grouped the isolates into three main clusters. Within two of the clusters are six polymorphic sub-groups relating to host and geographical origin. The different polymorphic sub-groups indicated that there are several sub-populations of C. gloeosporioides isolates, which either singly or in association, involved in the yam and cassava anthracnose infections in the field. Isolates from different ecological zones, with similar morphological features, clustering in a polymorphic sub-group suggest a common origin for some of them.
Die kerk vanaf die Ou Testament en die Nuwe Testament tot vandag I: ‘Voortsetting, vervanging of transformasie?’

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this article the concept of ‘church’ in the Old Testament is investigated, the way this concept started, developed and evolved is discussed, and then the question is asked whether it is possible to employ this concept in our current context. The concepts and terms in the Old Testament which were later translated and developed into the concept ‘church’, are studied first. Secondly the traditional arguments to employ these Old Testament texts to the concept of ‘church’ will be discussed. Finally a study on the nature of Old Testament texts will be conducted as well as the probable authority that it can or may have in other cultures and times in order to examine whether the Old Testament may have something to say about ecclesiology.
Cooperative Learning Course Syllabus for Pre-Service Teachers.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This syllabus is designed for a 15-week, advanced level undergraduate course in foreign language teaching methods. Students in this course would have already had coursework in second language teaching and learning, second language acquisition and development, and other methods courses. The syllabus aims to give information about what cooperative learning is and how it can be used effectively in a classroom. The students will understand the strengths and weaknesses of this method and improve their critical thinking on its implementation. By the end of the course students should have the perspective to judge how cooperative learning can be promoted, what cooperative learning's potential is for changing how learning takes place, how children interact with one another, and how individual educators can become more reflective and skilled in implementing cooperative learning in the classroom. Included are a list of course materials (each book is briefly described), outside resources on cooperative learning (newsletters, organizations, World Wide Web listservs and links), course objectives, course procedures, and an explanation of assignments and grading. For each week, reading assignments and learning goals are provided. (Contains a 23-item annotated bibliography on cooperative learning.) (KFT) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Cooperative Learning Course Syllabus for Pre-Service Teachers Author: Sumru Akcan University of Arizona akcans@u.arizona.edu August 5, 2000 This paper is presented as a poster session at lESOL 2000 (March 14-18), Vancouver, B.C., Canada. PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
IN ZONDI WhatsApp+27633867063 +MEDICAL ABORTION PILLS FOR SALE IN ... ZONDI NOORDGESIG ~(~$(~(~$( Tue Apr 20 2021 03:58:40 GMT+0200 (South Africa Standard Time)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

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Design of reconfigurable manufacturing system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

RMS aims at providing sufficient flexibility by the principle of modularity, integrability, scalability in a shorter period of time while the other manufacturing system provides generalized flexibility designed for anticipation variation .Here we have presented the different components of manufacturing system, comparison of manufacturing system, their merits ,demerits. capabilities ,characteristics which plays an important role .In this thesis we have analyses design the automotive bumper system with the help of manufacturing system design decomposition and replaced the experimental testing for the impact test by finite element analysis technique .we can improve any system if we focus on the strategic design and systematic procedure. Thus RMS is an optimized system configuration and economic machining system that fits the customer requirements.
Nivolumab plus ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide are a highly effective first salvage regimen in high‐risk relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Nivolumab is an anti‐PD‐1 antibody that is effective in patients with relapsed/refractory (RR) classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). We previously showed PET‐adapted sequential nivolumab ± ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (ICE) chemotherapy as the first salvage in RR cHL was a safe and effective bridge to autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) (cohort A). We then tested a non‐PET‐adapted schema where all patients received nivolumab + ICE (cohort B). In this study, we present results from cohort B. Patients with high‐risk RR cHL after frontline treatment received 240 mg nivolumab followed by 2–3 cycles of NICE (240 mg nivolumab day 1, standard doses of ICE). High‐risk disease was defined as having one of the following: primary refractory cHL, relapse within 1 year of completing frontline therapy, B symptoms at relapse, extranodal disease at relapse, or frontline brentuximab vedotin use. PET/CT was performed after nivolumab × 1 and NICE × 2. Responding patients (complete response [CR] or partial response) were intended to proceed to ASCT. The primary endpoint was CR rate per 2014 Lugano classification. A total of 35 patients were enrolled, all of whom were evaluable for safety and efficacy. Overall response rate and CR were 100% and 86%, respectively; 2‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 88% and 100%, respectively. Thirty‐two patients proceeded to ASCT directly after NICE; 2‐year post‐ASCT PFS and OS were 94% and 100%, respectively. Immune‐related toxicities were all grades 1–2, and no patient discontinued treatment for toxicity. Nivolumab/NICE is a highly effective salvage regimen and bridges patients effectively to ASCT.
The World Still Is Not Flat: Lessons Learned from Organismal Interactions with Environmental Heterogeneity in Terrestrial Environments

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Over the past decade, ecologists and physiologists alike have acknowledged the importance of environmental heterogeneity. Meaningful predictions of the responses of organisms to climate will require an explicit understanding of how organismal behavior and physiology are affected by such heterogeneity. Furthermore, the responses of organisms themselves are quite heterogeneous: physiology and behavior vary over different time scales and across different life stages, and because physiological systems do not operate in isolation of one another, they need to be considered in a more integrated fashion. Here, we review case studies from our laboratories to highlight progress that has been made along these fronts and generalizations that might be made to other systems, particularly in the context of predicting responses to climate change.