jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The relationship between hematologic malignancies on male hypogonadism: a scoping review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction The associated symptoms of hypogonadism have been reported in patients with various types of cancer. However, the prevalence and significance of hypogonadism among certain hematologic malignancies have not been completely summarized in recent literature. Objective In this review we aimed to examine the current literature on hypogonadism in patients with hematologic malignancies, with emphasis on leukemias, lymphomas, and multiple myeloma (MM). Methods This review included relevant studies published before July 2023 that were retrieved through a search of PubMed using the keywords “hematologic cancer,” “hematologic malignancy,” blood cancer,” “leukemia,” “lymphoma,” “hypogonadism,” “multiple myeloma,” and “testosterone.” Results The search yielded 214 studies, of which 21 met the inclusion criteria. Commonly reported findings were that patients who had received hematopoietic stem cell therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myelogenous leukemia as children had laboratory-confirmed hypogonadism as adults. However, the impact of these diseases on hypogonadal symptoms was variable in these studies. Studies reporting on lymphoma and hypogonadism had mixed results, with some studies finding that the degree of cytotoxic chemotherapy was associated with hypogonadism, while others showed no correlation. Regardless, multiple studies found that hypogonadism secondary to lymphoma treatment and symptoms of hypogonadism had no apparent association. The most comprehensive assessment of the frequency of hypogonadism in an MM cohort found that 74% of 561 MM patients were classified as hypogonadal compared to 33% of patients in a control population. Testosterone supplementation was found to lower interleukin-6 levels, which could potentially help manage some of the adverse effects of MM, including decreased bone mineral density. Conclusion There is a relationship between hematologic malignancies and hypogonadism, which is likely multifactorial. In this review we established that the most plausible factors are related to the secondary effects of gonadotoxic treatments and/or systemic inflammatory responses to the diseases.
Phylogenomics and biogeography of leptonetid spiders (Araneae : Leptonetidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Leptonetidae are rarely encountered spiders, usually associated with caves and mesic habitats, and are disjunctly distributed across the Holarctic. Data from ultraconserved elements (UCEs) were used in concatenated and coalescent-based analyses to estimate the phylogenetic history of the family. Our taxon sample included close outgroups, and 90% of described leptonetid genera, with denser sampling in North America and Mediterranean Europe. Two data matrices were assembled and analysed; the first ‘relaxed’ matrix includes the maximum number of loci and the second ‘strict’ matrix is limited to the same set of core orthologs but with flanking introns mostly removed. A molecular dating analysis incorporating fossil and geological calibration points was used to estimate divergence times, and dispersal–extinction–cladogenesis analysis (DEC) was used to infer ancestral distributions. Analysis of both data matrices using maximum likelihood and coalescent-based methods supports the monophyly of Archoleptonetinae and Leptonetinae. However, relationships among Archoleptonetinae, Leptonetinae, and Austrochiloidea are poorly supported and remain unresolved. Archoleptonetinae is elevated to family rank Archoleptonetidae (new rank) and Leptonetidae (new status) is restricted to include only members of the subfamily Leptonetinae; a taxonomic review with morphological diagnoses is provided for both families. Four well supported lineages within Leptonetidae (new status) are recovered: (1) the Calileptoneta group, (2) the Leptoneta group, (3) the Paraleptoneta group, and (4) the Protoleptoneta group. Most genera within Leptonetidae are monophyletic, although Barusia, Cataleptoneta, and Leptoneta include misplaced species and require taxonomic revision. The origin of Archoleptonetidae (new rank), Leptonetidae, and the four main lineages within Leptonetidae date to the Cretaceous. DEC analysis infers the Leptoneta and Paraleptoneta groups to have ancestral distributions restricted to Mediterranean Europe, whereas the Calileptoneta and Protoleptoneta groups include genera with ancestral distributions spanning eastern and western North America, Mediterranean Europe, and east Asia. Based on a combination of biology, estimated divergence times, and inferred ancestral distributions we hypothesise that Leptonetidae was once widespread across the Holarctic and their present distributions are largely the result of vicariance. Given the wide disjunctions between taxa, we broadly interpret the family as a Holarctic relict fauna and hypothesise that they were once part of the Boreotropical forest ecosystem.
Late Paleozoic tectonics of Southern Central Asian orogenic belt: Evidence from magmatic rocks in the northern Alxa, Northwest China

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Late Paleozoic magmatic rock outcrops are common in the Northern Alxa, Southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), which is a key area for understanding tectonic processes and defining the final closure time of the Paleo-Asian Ocean (PAO). We present zircon U‒Pb chronology and whole-rock geochemistry data for late Paleozoic magmatic rocks from the Yagan area of northern Alxa. This paper reveals two periods of magmatism: syenogranite (374.8 Ma) and bimodal intrusive rocks, which consist of gabbro (261.4 Ma), diabase (262.9 Ma) and biotite monzogranite (263.4 Ma). The syenogranite is high-K calc-alkaline and shows enrichments in Th, Zr, Hf and LREEs; depletions in Sr, Nb, Ta, and Ti; and low Mg# values (6.9–13.2); the syenogranite was derived from partial melting of the crust and has volcanic arc characteristics. The gabbro and diabase have similar geochemical characteristics, such as enrichments in Pb, Rb, Sr, Zr, and Hf and depletions in Nb, Ta, and Ti, with positive ε Hf (t) values (+0.9–+2.7 and +2.6–+3.6, respectively), indicating that they originated from partial melting of depleted mantle and experienced crustal contamination during magma emplacement. The biotite monzogranite shows depletions in Nb, Ta, and Ti and ε Nd (t) values of -2.6 to −2.4 and resulted from partial melting of the lower crust caused by asthenospheric underplating. The bimodal intrusive rocks formed in a postcollision extensional setting. Combined with previous data, we conclude that northern Alxa was an active continental margin during the late Devonian and that the final closure of the Yagan branch ocean of the PAO occurred prior to the middle Permian.
Residual Stress-Release by Local Heating (2nd Report)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the previous paper, the present authors showed that the residual stress restored in the cold worked specimen might be released by local heating. A similar treatment was applied to a welded steel plate and a satisfactory result was obtained. A low carbon steel plate (thickness=3 mm), electrically-welded was used as a specimen. The stress distribution in the specimen is shown in Fig. 1∼3, In the figure the individual parts to be heated are marked as a, b, c, AB, ect, the width of each part being 5∼10 mm. These parts were heated to 650° separately or at the same time. The results obtained are as follows: (1) When the part at which the distribution curve is very steep was heated, it was effective to release the stress as shown in Fig. 1. And when these parts were heated individually one after another, stress release was very remarkable, but if these parts or tensile stress area where heated at the same time, it was not effective at all. (2) If the temperature of heating was elevated to 1000° the effect was naturally far greater than that when lower temperature was applied.
7-Isopenthenyloxycoumarin, Arctigenin, and Hesperidin Modify Myeloid Cell Leukemia Type-1 (Mcl-1) Gene Expression by Hormesis in K562 Cell Line

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Hormesis is a new concept in dose–response relationship. Despite of traditional dose–response curves, there is a low-dose stimulation and a high-dose inhibition in this case. Hormesis effect in apoptosis induction/inhibition by natural compounds is reported previously. Here, we searched this effect for myeloid cell leukemia type-1 (Mcl-1) gene expression by phytochemicals 7-isopenthenyloxycoumarin (7-IP), arctigenin (Arg), and hesperidin (Hsp). For this purpose, first we tested the cytotoxicity of various doses of these compounds against K562 leukemia cell lines for different times by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method. After that we explored the effect of various doses of these phytochemicals on Mcl-1 gene expression for different times by real-time polymerase chain reaction method. We found that these phytochemicals have cytotoxicity against K562 cell line. Hesperidin is the most cytotoxic agent. We also found that these natural compounds have hormetic effect on Mcl-1 gene expression. The hormetic model in Mcl-1 gene expression is overcompensation stimulation. This phenomenon is reported for the first time. We conclude that 7-IP, Arg, and Hsp are cytotoxic against K562 cancerous cells and induce/inhibit Mcl-1 gene expression by hormesis dose–response relationship.
Perinatal Mortality and Umbilical Cord Parameters: Is there Any Association?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Abnormal cord parameters associate with high rate of asphyxia during delivery, foetal anomalies, non-reassuring foetal status, respiratory distress, foetal growth restriction and delivery interventions. Objective: To study the correlation between umbilical cord parameters and perinatal mortality. Materials and methods: This was a prospective study carried out in the Umaid Hospital, Dr. S N Medical College, Jodhpur from March-2014 to November-2014. It included 500 cases admitted to labour room with period of gestation >37 weeks. Details of delivery of baby including mode of delivery, Apgar score, NICU admission and any congenital anomaly found in unbooked cases post-natally was noted down. Umbilical cord parameters were also noted and correlated with perinatal outcome using Fischer’s exact test and Chi square test. Results: Out of 500 cases, the cord length was normal in 88.2% cases while it was short in 6.2% and long in 5.6% cases. True knots were associated with a higher mean cord length of 95.83 ± 24.99 cm. The difference of mean cord length between single loop and more than two loops was highly significant (p value<0.001). Cesarean section rate was found to be significantly different between one loop and more than two loops (p<0.001). Conclusion: The excessively long cords are associated with cord prolapse, true knot and poor fetal outcome and increased operative interference. Short cords are associated with failed progress, cord rupture and congenital malformations. Nuchal cords are responsible for threatening fetal well being along with other placental as well as intrapartum factors for poor fetal outcome.
“Confidence-Rating” Analysis on Response Amplitude Scores of Classical Discrimination Conditioning Data

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Signal-detection theory was used to analyze classical discrimination-conditioning data. A “confidence-rating” type of analysis of response amplitudes was used to test the signal-detection-theory assumptions of underlying normal distributions with equal variances. The data showed that S behaved as if he could hold several criteria simultaneously and gave larger amplitude conditioned responses when the sensory response exceeded larger criterion values. In addition, d' did not vary with conditioned-response amplitude. Plotting the receiver-operating-characteristic curves generated by the analysis of conditioned-response amplitude on double-probability paper supported the assumptions of signal-detection theory of underlying normal distributions with equal variances.
Brain abscess of odontogenic origin in patients with malignant tumors: A report of two cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Oral infection and dental manipulations can lead to the development of brain abscesses, a rare but potentially life-threatening condition. Herein, we report patients undergoing cancer treatment who developed brain abscesses of odontogenic origin at our hospital. Case Description: Two patients developed brain abscesses during cancer treatment. Both underwent neurosurgical aspiration, and the causative microorganism was identified as Streptococcus intermedius of the Streptococcus anginosus group, which is a part of the normal bacterial flora in the oral cavity. There was clinical and radiographic evidence of dental infection in one of the patients diagnosed with a brain abscess of odontogenic origin. No infectious foci were found in the other patient during hospitalization for the abscess. However, the patient had undergone extraction of an infected tooth approximately 3 months before admission for the abscess, suggesting origination from an oral infection or dental manipulation. The patients’ cancers rapidly worsened because cancer treatment in both patients was interrupted for several months to treat the brain abscess. Conclusion: Oral infections can cause severe infections, such as brain abscesses, particularly during the treatment of malignant tumors. Improving the oral environment or treating oral infections before initiating treatment for malignant tumors is highly recommended. In addition, the possibility of odontogenic origin should always be considered as a potential etiology of brain abscesses.
The effect of laser shock peening with and without protective coating on mechanical properties of surface of AZ31B

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Laser shock peening without protective coating leads to mechanical and thermal loads of materials, resulting in surface melting and re-solidification. In this paper, the effect of laser shock peening (LSP) with and without protective coating on the surface behavior of AZ31B magnesium alloy was studied. Study on surface mechanical property of magnesium alloy by different LSP process parameters. The effects of different LSP parameters on the surface properties of the sample were studied by microhardness test, phase analysis, et al. The results show that the increase of laser power density, the surface hardness of the sample increases. Compared with the LSP with protective coating, the LSP without protective coating increases the surface roughness. And resulting microstructure and residual stress state were studied, After LSP treatment, diffraction peaks shift to high angle direction, resulting in residual compressive stress on the surface of the material.
Botrytis polygoni, a new species of the genus Botrytis infecting Polygonaceae in Gansu, China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A new species, Botrytis polygoni, was isolated from several species of Polygonaceae in 2011 and 2012 in Tongwei County, Gansu Province, China. The species infects Fagopyrum esculentum, F. tataricum, and Fallopia convolvulus, causing brown leaf spots and large blotches with concentric rings in the field. Botrytis polygoni is morphologically characterized by conidia spherical, unicellular, hyaline to pale brown or brown, (10.2–)14.3–21.4(–23.5) μm; and sclerotia black, spherical to subspherical, allantoid, or irregular-shaped, 0.2–4.1 × 0.1–3.0 mm. Comparison of the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) sequences confirmed its placement in the genus Botrytis. Phylogenetic analysis based on the protein-coding genes glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH), heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), and DNA-dependent RNA polymerase subunit II (RPB2) showed that the new species is clustered close but separate from Botrytis pyriformis, which was distant from 37 other Botrytis species and 17 undescribed species. Pathogenicity tests showed that the new species has aggressive pathogenicity to four species of Polygonaceae, specifically Fag. tataricum, Fal. convolvulus, Polygonum sibiricum, and Pol. aviculare, weak pathogenicity to Vicia faba in the Fabaceae, and no pathogenicity to eight other tested plants: Amaranthus retroflexus, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Kalanchoe blossfeldiana, Lagopsis supine, Mentha canadensis, Plantago asiatica, and Raphanus sativus.
ISLAMIC EDUCATION GENEALOGY AS THE BASIS OF TREATING RELIGIOUS PLURALISM AND RELIGIOUS COMMUNITY HARMONY

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article discusses multicultural education as a relevant educational model used as a basis for caring for religious pluralism and religious harmony for the people of Karangpandan Village who have religious diversity. The background of this study is that there are many groups of intellect towards religious pluralism which ultimately distort national unity. Seeing these conditions, it is important to make real efforts in order to re-awaken the importance of religious pluralism and religious harmony. This study uses a qualitative approach with ethnographic types. The main objective of this research is to describe religious diversity, religious pluralism, and religious harmony and to treat religious pluralism and religious harmony in Karangpandan Village that is obtained from empirical data. To obtain a valid data, it is done by means of participant observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. Data sources were selected using a snowball sampling pattern, while the analysis was based on qualitative data/informants in the field using four types of qualitative data analysis techniques, namely domain analysis, taxonomy, componential analysis, and cultural theme analysis. The results of this study indicate that the formal findings of this research is the collaborative accommodative multicultural Islamic education model, that is, a plural society that has a dominant culture, makes certain adjustments and accommodations for the cultural needs of minorities, formulates and implements culturally sensitive laws, and provides freedom to minorities to maintain and develop their culture, otherwise the majority do not against the dominant culture and between the majority and minority groups collaborate to build and maintain a culture of society that implements the values ​​of multicultural education. Keywords: : Genealogy of Islamic Education, Religious Pluralism,
The need of state? : American anarcho-capitalism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper examines the theory of anarcho-capitalists philosophers David Friedman and Murray Rothbard. Both philosophers argue for a society based in voluntary trade of private property (including money, consumer goods, land, and capital goods) and services (including protection services) in order to maximize individual liberty and prosperity. Moreover, they maintain that order exists in the pre-state situation, and any form of compulsion from the government/state violates that natural order. The paper examines how society can function in such an anarchic, non-state situation (especially how the law and legal system can arise and exist without a state/government). Libertarians created a vision of an individual.
Scytalidium thermophilum lakkaz geninin PCR tekniği ile klonlanması ve Aspergillus sojae'de heterolog ekspresyonu.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In this study, Scytalidium thermophilum laccase gene was first cloned into E. coli and then heterologously expressed in A. sojae. S. thermophilum is a thermophilic fungus with an important role in determining selectivity of compost produced for growing Agaricus bisporus. S. thermophilum laccase gene was first cloned by Novo Nordisk Bio Tech, Inc. in 1998. This laccase gene (lccS) has an open reading frame of 2092bp. It is composed of five exons punctuated by four small introns. The coding region, excluding intervening sequences is very GC-rich (60.8% G+C) and encodes a preproenzyme of 616 amino acids: a 21 amino acid signal peptide and a 24 amino acid predicted propeptide. lccS gene was amplified using specific primers to exclude the signal and pro-peptide coding regions and ligated to expression vector pAN52-4. The recombinant plasmid was used to transform Aspergillus sojae ATCC11906 (pyrG-). Heterologuos expression was observed in glucose-containing media, under the control of the glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate dehydnogenese promoter and the secretion signal of glucoamylase gene. Laccase gene is an important step towards the high level expression of this enzyme in a GRAS eucaryotic host and for further biotransformation and enzyme engineering studies. In this study also bioinformatic analysis of N-terminal and C-terminal propeptide cleavage sites of fungal proteins including laccases were studied.
Attract and retain Generation Z in the white-collar business sector. : How to attract and retain Generation Z in the white-collar business sector?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Problem Following the expanded competition when it comes to attraction and retention of skilled workers, hence white-collar workers, organizations need to better adapt to the rapid changes in the labor market. Due to the lack of knowledge about the recent Generation Z and their perceptions and values regarding work, the Person-Organization (P-O) fit has been applied in order to gain a deeper knowledge of what attracts and retains individuals of Generation Z, in order for companies to better meet their needs. Purpose Due to the lack of research done on Generation Z, the purpose of this study is to gain a greater understanding of the values and perceptions of Generation Z and how they operate in the white-collar business sector. Moreover, this creates a greater insight for organizations in order to help them better target the right talent pool and gain a greater understanding of Generation Z that has come to change the labor market. Method In order to gain a greater knowledge and insight about Generation Z, a qualitative study has been performed to better understand the perception of this Generation. In-depth interviews have been conducted with Generation Z that have or are currently operating in the white-collar business sector in order to meet the purpose of this study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in order to allow for a fruitful discussion of their values and perceptions and the likely impacts they consider when joining an organization. Conclusion Generation Z indicated that certain aspects are to consider in the decision-making process of applying or taking a job. Indeed, their own values, beliefs and work-personal life matter to a great extent and is to be matched with the company. This study comes to the result of six determined factors influencing this decision-making process: small enterprises, flexibility trust and freedom, work/private life environmental factors, organizations values/ethics, do what they love, digital natives.
Asymptotic behaviour of the solutions of the supercooled Stefan problem

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we prove that the Hele–Shaw problem with kinetic condition and surface tension is the limit case of the supercooled Stefan problem in the classical sense when specific heat ε goes to zero. The method is the use of a fixed-point theorem; the key is to construct a workable function space. The main feature is to obtain the existence and the uniform estimates with respect to ε > 0 at the same time for the solutions of the supercooled Stefan problem. For the sake of simplicity, we only consider the case of one phase, although the method used here is also applicable in the case of two phases.