jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analyzing corn and cotton producers optimal prevented planting decision on moral hazard

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The prevented planting provision U.S. crop insurance programs protects producers from financial losses and risk associated with delayed planting. This provision has recently undergone some changes due to concerns about moral hazard in this provision. However, little is known about the likelihood of moral hazard in prevented planting and how these changes impact this possibility. We compared the net returns and variability of net returns for the four prevented planting options available for a corn ( Zea mays L.) and upland cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) producer assuming soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] as a viable second crop. We determine the optimal prevented planting option using the current prevented planting coverage factor at three crop insurance coverage levels. We also show how reductions in the prevented planting coverage factor would change the optimal selection and moral hazard in prevented planting. Data were collected from non‐irrigated corn, upland cotton, and soybean planting date experiments located in Tennessee. Yield response functions to planting date for corn, cotton, and soybean were estimated and incorporated into simulation models to generate distributions of net returns. Risk neutral, profit maximizers would choose a late planting option over the full prevented planting payment, but as risk aversion increases, the full prevented planting payment was preferred. Reduction in prevented planting coverage factors will likely reduce the likelihood an insured producer chooses to not produce a crop and take the full prevented planting indemnity payment, despite planting during the late planting period or switching crops being more profitable options.
Multinational firms, technology diffusion and trade

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Attempts to add multinational firms to the ‘new’ trade theories generate predictions about direct investment dramatically at odds with the facts. A failure to treat internalization adequately seems responsible at least in part. Empirical evidence also indicates a close association between multinational firms and knowledge capital; we exploit this to examine the role of internalization and its relation to locational factors. We model a firm which must choose between costly exporting and the possible dissipation of its knowledge capital by producing abroad. The paper examines the choice between exporting, licensing, and acquiring a subsidiary in this environment. We analyze the cost and technology parameters that support alternative modes of serving the foreign market, and we describe the international equilibrium that jointly determines the pattern of specialization and the market mode. We find that similarities in relative factor endowments may promote direct investment.
GST IN INDIA: A KEY TAX REFORM

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

GST is one of the most crucial tax reforms in India which has been long pending. It was supposed to be implemented from April 2010, but due to political issues and conflicting interests of various stakeholders it is still pending. It is a comprehensive tax system that will subsume all indirect taxes of states and central governments and unified economy into a seamless national market. It is expected to iron out wrinkles of existing indirect tax system and play a vital role in growth of India. This paper presents an overview of GST concept, explains its features along with its timeline of implementation in India. The paper is more focused on advantages of GST and challenges faced by India in execution.
Hedonic Quality-Adjusted Price Indices for the American Automobile Industry, 1906-1941 [United States]

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This data collection consists of prices and detailed attribute information for automobile models published in the contemporary trade press -- specifically the periodicals "Automotive Industries" and "Motor" -- at the time of the annual New York Auto Show from 1906 to 1941. It is important to note that the data represent only firms operating above a certain minimal economic threshold, namely they were large enough to make advertising at the major annual trade show attractive.
A comprehensive mechanistic model of adipocyte signaling with layers of confidence

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Adipocyte cellular signaling, normally and in type 2 diabetes, is far from fully understood. We have earlier developed detailed dynamic mathematical models for a number of well-studied, and partially overlapping, signaling pathways in adipocytes. Still, these models only cover a fraction of the total cellular response. For a broader coverage of the response, large-scale phosphoproteomic data and systems level knowledge on protein interactions are key. However, methods to combine detailed dynamic models with large-scale data, using information about the confidence of included interactions, are lacking. Here, we have created a new method where we first establish a core model by connecting our partially overlapping models of adipocyte cellular signaling with focus on: 1) lipolysis and fatty acid release, 2) glucose uptake, and 3) the release of adiponectin. We then use prior knowledge on protein interactions to identify phosphosites downstream of the core model. Using publicly available phosphoproteome data for the insulin response in adipocytes, we test if the identified downstream phosphosites can be added to the model. The additions of the downstream phosphosites are tested in a parallel pairwise approach with low computation time. We iteratively collect the accepted additions into a layer, and use the newly added layer to find new downstream phosphosites. We find that the first 15 layers (60 added phosphosites) with the highest confidence can correctly predict independent inhibitor-data (70-90 \% correct), and that this ability decrease when we add layers of decreasing confidence. In total, 60 layers (3,926 phosphosites) can be added to the model and still keep predictive ability. Finally, we use this large layered model to simulate systems-wide alterations in adipocytes in type 2 diabetes -- simulations made possible for the first time -- with the method developed herein.
Nitrogen fixation and carbon metabolism in legume nodules.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A large amount of energy is utilized by legume nodules for the fixation of nitrogen and assimilation of fixed nitrogen (ammonia) into organic compounds. The source of energy is provided in the form of photosynthates by the host plant. Phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) enzyme, which is responsible for carbon dioxide fixation in C4 and crassulacean acid metabolism plants, has also been found to play an important role in carbon metabolism in legume root nodule. PEPC-mediated CO2 fixation in nodules results in the synthesis of C4 dicarboxylic acids, viz. aspartate, malate, fumarate etc. which can be transported into bacteroids with the intervention of dicarboxylate transporter (DCT) protein. PEPC has been purified from the root nodules of few legume species. Information on the relationship between nitrogen fixation and carbon metabolism through PEPC in leguminous plants is scanty and incoherent. This review summarizes the various aspects of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in legume root nodules.
An evaluation of the meteorological data from the GATE Boundary Layer Instrument System (BLIS)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Comparisons are made of data obtained with the Boundary Layer Instrument System (BLIS), a tethered sonde, during the GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE) in 1974. Based on data from 20 sondes, spectra of. wind variables and effects of balloon and ship motion of the wind data are discussed, several profiles are compared, and estimates of typical sensor biases and rms errors are presented.
A guideline to enforce privacy and data protection regulation in Indonesia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Indonesia has enacted the first cyberlaw, UU ITE 11/2008 as legal certainty and foothold to support transaction of electronic commerce in the Internet, within the boundaries of Indonesia. Generally, the regulation can be divided into two parts, the rule about concept of information, contract, certification and prohibition of illegal practice in terms of e-commerce through statement of remedies. In article 26 verse 1; it stated about the use of every information should be based on the user’s consent. Unfortunately, the nature of UU ITE is still common and basic as fundamental law to set standard in fulfilling cyber requirement. Therefore, the primary component for electronic commerce to run smoothly resides on process of collecting the data as input to the database derived from customer submission or transaction logs. However, no clear and concrete statement in the first Indonesia cyberlaw to accommodate with this matter whereas data is the critical factor determining the successes and set inter-relationship between party. This paper will present guideline in applying privacy and data protection regulation in Indonesia, specifically in terms of commercial and administrative purpose.
Concise Review; Effects of Antibiotics and Antimycotics on the Biological Properties of Human Pluripotent and Multipotent Stem Cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (PSCs), including Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) and induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs), have the remarkable potential to self-renew and develop into various cell lineages. Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) or multipotent stem cells that are present in various organs can self-renew and differentiate into multiple mesenchymal lineages. Both human PSCs and MSCs hold great promise in cell-based therapies, disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine. Human stem cells must be cultured under the optimal conditions to use them in transplantology. Therefore, researchers must ensure the sterility of human stem cell lines. Bacterial contamination is a common problem in laboratories and major precautions are required to detect the types of microorganisms, and to eliminate and prevent contamination in cell cultures. Stem cell culture media usually contain antibiotics and antimycotics such as penicillin- streptomycin (pen-strep), gentamicin, and amphotericin B (AmB) to avoid bacterial, fungal, and yeast contaminants. Numerous publications recognized the serious effect of antibiotics and antimycotics on in vitro properties of human stem cells, including proliferation, differentiation, survival, and genetic instability. This review study aimed to understand the impact of routinely used antibiotics and antimycotics such as pen-strep, gentamicin, and AmB on viability, proliferation, and functional properties (differentiation and pluripotency) of human PSCs and MSCs.
Mathematical Modeling of Maheshwar Hydro-Electric Plant at Narmada River

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Economic hydropower plant generation scheduling is an important feature from the utility point of view, this scheduling is more important in that case when the plants are at the same river stream & owned by the different utilities.Various Conventional & Artificial intelligence methods have been used earlier for the hydro generation scheduling reported through researches and more, all are of them required the mathematical modeling of each & every hydro power plant. Theoretical account of problem solving in general and especially methodology to develop the mathematical models of the hydroelectric power plants has been described in this paper. Reservoir elevation model, tail race elevation model and hydro turbine model have been developed for RaniAvanti Bai Sagar river bed hydroelectric power plants by collating actual plant data from competent authorities.Modeling of canal head hydroelectric power plants have been also included in this paper.This hydro power project is a part of cascade scheme at Narmada River in Madhya Pradesh, India.
Possible Criterion to Estimate the Juvenile Reference Length of Common Sardine (Strangomera bentincki) off Central-Southern Chile

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the last century, the growing evidence that global fisheries are depleting natural resources much faster than they can recover has led to negative processes, like overfishing, being addressed with increasingly complex models and thus mitigating or regulating actions that aim to protect stocks. Said negative processes contain two components: (i) they can diminish the reproductive potential of fish stocks, called over exploitation by recruitment, and (ii) the effect of early capture prevents the full realization of the growth potential, called overfishing by growth. In this article, the structure of common sardine sizes is analyzed. Due to the precise moment in which pre-recruits are incorporated into the exploited phase of the stock is unknown, the estimation of a recruitment size is a hard problem. This problem is addressed by modeling the mean size via a stochastic process, applying models of structural change. A time series (2001–2015) was analyzed on a weekly time scale based on the size structure of the pelagic fishery landings in the central-southern zone of Chile (32∘10′–40∘14′ LS), from the V. to the XIV. Region. Specifically, the evolution of sizes according to macro-zones was studied for the conglomerates identified in two sub-zones, the V.–VIII. and IX.–XIV. Regions. In this context, the reference size for juveniles to cautiously allow the recruitment process of the common sardine from the central-southern zone of Chile was estimated, and the behavior of these sizes was spatially analyzed. Finally, a statistical inferential criterion was established that confirms the mean size of juveniles with a certain margin of error, which allows nonetheless later on to define a fraction that could be protected to avoid overfishing by growth.
Focal Cryo-Immunotherapy with Intratumoral IL-12 Prevents Recurrence of Large Murine Tumors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Focal ablation technologies are routinely used in the clinical management of inoperable solid tumors but they often result in incomplete ablations leading to high recurrence rates. Adjuvant therapies, capable of safely eliminating residual tumor cells, are therefore of great clinical interest. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a potent antitumor cytokine that can be localized intratumorally through coformulation with viscous biopolymers, including chitosan (CS) solutions. The objective of this research was to determine if localized immunotherapy with a CS/IL-12 formulation could prevent tumor recurrence after cryoablation (CA). Tumor recurrence and overall survival rates were assessed. Systemic immunity was evaluated in spontaneously metastatic and bilateral tumor models. Temporal bulk RNA sequencing was performed on tumor and draining lymph node (dLN) samples. In multiple murine tumor models, the addition of CS/IL-12 to CA reduced recurrence rates by 30–55%. Altogether, this cryo-immunotherapy induced complete durable regression of large tumors in 80–100% of treated animals. Additionally, CS/IL-12 prevented lung metastases when delivered as a neoadjuvant to CA. However, CA plus CS/IL-12 had minimal antitumor activity against established, untreated abscopal tumors. Adjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy delayed the growth of abscopal tumors. Transcriptome analyses revealed early immunological changes in the dLN, followed by a significant increase in gene expression associated with immune suppression and regulation. Cryo-immunotherapy with localized CS/IL-12 reduces recurrences and enhances the elimination of large primary tumors. This focal combination therapy also induces significant but limited systemic antitumor immunity.
Stability of high-concentration dopamine hydrochloride, norepinephrine bitartrate, epinephrine hydrochloride, and nitroglycerin in 5% dextrose injection

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Stability of high-concentration dopamine hydrochloride, norepinephrine bitartrate, epinephrine hydrochloride, and nitroglycerin in 5% dextrose injection Get access Tom E. Peddicord, Pharm.D., Tom E. Peddicord, Pharm.D. Critical Care/ASHP Research and Education Foundation Immunology Fellow University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Keith M. Olsen, Pharm.D., FCCP, Keith M. Olsen, Pharm.D., FCCP Associate Professor of Pharmacy University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha Address reprint requests to Dr. Olsen at the College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 600 S. 42nd Street, Box 986045, Omaha, NE 68198-6045, or to kolsen@mail.unmc.edu. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Troy L. ZumBrunnen, Pharm.D., Troy L. ZumBrunnen, Pharm.D. Solvay Pharmaceuticals/Mercer University Clinical Research Fellow Mercer University, Atlanta, GA; at the time of this study he was a Pharm.D. degree student, UNMC Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar David J. Warner, Pharm.D., David J. Warner, Pharm.D. Clinical Pharmacist UNMC Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Lauren Webb, Pharm.D. Lauren Webb, Pharm.D. degree student UNMC Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, Volume 54, Issue 12, 15 June 1997, Pages 1417–1419, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/54.12.1417 Published: 15 June 1997
EFFECTIVENESS OF C1-C2 SUSTAINED NATURAL APOPHYSEAL GLIDE COMBINED WITH DRY NEEDLING ON PRESSURE POINT THRESHOLD AND HEADACHE DISABILITY IN CERVICOGENIC HEADACHE.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of dry needling and mulligan C1-C2 sustained natural apophyseal glides (SNAGs) in increasing pressure point threshold and reducing headache disability in patients with CGH.Methods: This study was conducted on 150 patients. They were divided into three groups for the purpose of the study. Group A was referred to as the dry needling group. They were subjected to dry needling for treating the pain. Group B was the manual therapy group. The patients in this group were subjected to C1-C2 SNAGs. Group C was the combined group. Patients belonging to this group were given C1-C2 SNAGs along with dry needling.Results: Statistical analysis paired t-test was used for comparison of the mean within every group where it showed significant improvement in all the parameter (p<0.05).Conclusion: There was a consistent reduction in tenderness and improvement in disability of the patients belonging to all groups. However, Group C, where the patients were subjected to combined treatment, showed better results. Results of this study indicate that dry needling along with mulligan C1-C2 SNAGs is more beneficial in patients suffering from cervicogenic headaches.
Construction Innovation: Addressing the Project-Product Gap in the Swedish Construction Sector

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The construction sector is often accused of being inefficient, conservative and non-innovative, although some commentators have suggested that the construction sector is not backward, it is merely different to other industries. One of these differences is the uniqueness of construction projects, which are determined by the characteristics of the site, interaction of project participants (also partly site specific) and the relationship between contractors and building product producers (which changes from one project to another). These factors are known to colour construction innovation. Previous research into the Swedish construction sector has identified a significant gap between the building product producers who are ‘product focused’ and the contractors who are ‘project focused’, with concerns expressed about effectiveness of communication between two. The findings of previous research imply, both implicitly and explicitly, that this gap may be hindering innovation within the construction sector. This appears to have implications for those concerned with construction, the building users and society as a whole. In this paper the authors provide an extensive review of the literature and research findings from which a number of unique insights are offered. The reasons for the gap between producers and contractors are discussed and a number of innovative measures are proposed that may help to bridge the gap, and hence improve innovation systems. The paper concludes with some practical findings for producers and contractors as well as some thoughts on where future research should be targeted.
Facilities audit for “Surau” building in housing estates / Mirza Fariza Narawi

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The responsibilities of public property management in Malaysia including “surau” building are distributed among various government departments and often managed in reactive manner. Improper supervision has lead to poor performance which was due to lack of property objectives. This dissertation focused on to determine the state and the condition of the facilities in “surau” building, to investigate the neighborhoods views about facilities provided, to identify the problem arise due to the facilities provided and to propose recommendation to improve the facilities in “surau” building. In order to achieve the objectives identified, literature review was done, then data was collected using questionnaires and observation also be done to identify the condition of the facilities provided. The collected data from the questionnaires was analyzed by using Microsoft Excel. Finding had shown that although many “surau” building have their own communities but the condition of the facilities provided still at average level. Besides that, some of the facilities that stated in the guidelines given by Majlis Bandaraya Shah Alam are not provided in the “surau” building. These problems occur because of improper maintenance practice and lack of supervision by Jabatan Agama Islam Selangor and Majlis Bandaraya Shah Alam. Hence, to improve the condition of the facilities provided in “surau” building, person who involved in “surau” building such as Jabatan Agama Islam, Majlis Bandaraya Shah Alam and the communities of the “surau” building need to take an immediate action to improve the condition of the facilities in their “surau” building and Jabatan Agama Islam should provide enough budget to them to make sure the facilities provided that stated in the guidelines will be provided in the “surau” building.
Who Paid for the Modernization of Cities? The Experience of Buenos Aires, 1880-1910

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This project was set up in order to establish how the expansion of Buenos Aires, from a large town in 1880 of about 200,000 to a city of nearly 1.5 million in 1910, was paid for. The problems of Buenos Aires were not unique, and the outcome of the research, and of some comparative work on the financing of Montreal, suggest answers, both parallels and differences, which might prove helpful within a much broader context. I have been working on the project for two years in collaboration with Dr. Susan M. Cunningham. The division of labour was for the London work to be completed by Dr. Cunningham, funded for two years by a research grant from the Social Science Research Council (United Kingdom), and for the remainder, in Oxford, Buenos Aires, and Montreal, to be undertaken by me, with the assistance of the Inter-Faculty Committee for Latin American Studies at Oxford and the Instituto Torcuato Di Tella in Buenos Aires.