jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Pathophysiology and Controversies in Diagnosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex and heterogeneous disorder that commonly affects women in the reproductive age group. The disorder has features that propose a blend of functional reproductive disorders, such as anovulation and hyperandrogenism, and metabolic disorders, such as hyperglycemia, hypertension, and obesity in women. Until today, the three implemented groups of criteria for the diagnosis of PCOS are from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the 1990s, Rotterdam 2003, and the Androgen Excess Polycystic Ovary Syndrome 2009 criteria. Currently, the most widely utilized criteria are the 2003 Rotterdam criteria, which validate the diagnosis of PCOS with the incidence of two out of the three criteria: hyperandrogenism (clinical and/or biochemical), irregular cycles, and polycystic ovary morphology. Currently, the anti-Müllerian hormone in serum is introduced as a substitute for the follicular count and is controversially emerging as an official polycystic ovarian morphology/PCOS marker. In adolescents, the two crucial factors for PCOS diagnosis are hyperandrogenism and irregular cycles. Recently, artificial intelligence, specifically machine learning, is being introduced as a promising diagnostic and predictive tool for PCOS with minimal to zero error that would help in clinical decisions regarding early management and treatment. Throughout this review, we focused on the pathophysiology, clinical features, and diagnostic challenges in females with PCOS.
High-Toughness and Intrinsically Self-Healing Cross-Linked Polyurea Elastomers with Dynamic Sextuple H-Bonds

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

High-performance elastomers that possess a combination of high mechanical toughness and fast healability have garnered extensive interest because of their diverse application potential. Inspired by the unique multiple hydrogen bond (H-bond) structure of spider silk and the rapid dynamic exchange of hindered urea bonds (HUBs), a self-healing polyurea elastomer with ultrahigh toughness was designed by incorporating dynamic sextuple H-bonds and HUBs into the polymer chain. Such a design affords high stretchability (1586%), excellent toughness (45.53 MJ m–3), good self-healing efficiency (91.6%), fracture energy (39.68 kJ m–2), and recyclability. The high mechanical performance and good healability are attributed to the presence of reversibly cross-linked noncovalent sextuple H-bonds and dynamically covalent HUBs, which have been validated by stress relaxation tests. Meanwhile, by substituting the chain extender adipic dihydrazide with hexamethylenediamine, which possesses a comparable structure but fewer amide bonds, the effect of sextuple H-bonds on elastomers was confirmed. More importantly, when a conductive layer of graphene oxide was applied to the surface of the resulting elastomer, the elastomers exhibited potential applications in strain sensors.
Conclusion

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This is the concluding chapter of the book, which provides a bridge between theory and practice, which ultimately could improve the care of patients. The chapters in the book have been drawn from the contemporary education literature on healthcare professions, and from several other fields including education, expertise, psychology and sociology, to name a few. All the chapters bring not just a topic area but also a number of different ways of studying that topic to the reader, thus illustrating that there is more than one way to build a programme of research. Given that educational research in healthcare professions is inherently interdisciplinary, the book provides a number of examples of collaborative working across scientists, social scientists and clinicians from around the globe, the time is right to further diversify the perspectives brought to research questions in the field.
Study of the Addition of Sugar Concentration on the Organoleptic Characteristics of Rosella Kombucha (Hibiscus sadbariffa L)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study aims to determine the effect of sugar concentration on the organoleptic characteristics of rosella kombucha. This study used a one-factor Randomized Block Design (RAK) method with seven treatment levels (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%), repeated three times to obtain twenty-one treatments. The test parameters observed were the hedonic quality organoleptic test analyzed using the Friedman test. The results of the study of the three color, aroma, and taste parameters showed no significant difference in sugar concentration in rosella kombucha
[Postradiation changes in the functioning of the systems of lipid peroxidation and phospholipase hydrolysis in the cellular formations of the brain].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A study was made of the effect of irradiation with lethal and superlethal doses on lipid peroxidation and endogenous phospholipase hydrolysis in the enriched fractions of neurons and glia. Severe and irreversible changes occurred in a lipid membrane component of both neuronal and glial fractions of the brain under the effect of ionizing radiation.
Toy models of gravitational shielding in the framework of Newtonian theory of gravitation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In the framework of Newtonian theory of gravitation, three toy models of a hypothetical gravitational shield (GS) are developed. To satisfy the energy conservation law which is violated in the presence of GS, an existence of a special kind of energy (“G-energy”) responsible for shielding and stored in GS is postulated. The models differ from each other by the details of the spatial dependence of the net gravitational acceleration in the presence of GS as well as by the dependence of that acceleration on the amount of G-energy in GS. As an example, the rotation of a dumbbell like object located at the boundary between the regions of space where gravity is affected and not affected by GS is analyzed in details. The motivation to study gravitational shielding, the very existence of which is challenged, is the presence of steadily repeating attempts to observe this phenomenon. No doubt, such attempts will continue in the future. The results obtained in the present paper could be useful in designing such a research.
Expression of IL-12 in MSC infected by recombinant adenoviral vector Ad-IL-12

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective To isolate the culture of rat MSC,and constructed the MSC which were transfected by recombinant adenoviral vector carrying IL-12 gene.Methods MSC was isolated and cultured by Percoll's method.Flow cytometry to detect surface markers of CD29,CD44 and CD34.Using RT-PCR and Western Blott methods to detect the expression of IL-12 mRNA and its protein in transfected MSC.Results Growth status of MSC separated by Percoll presented dolicho-fusiform shape uniformly.Surface antigen markers of MSC by using Flow cytometry analysis,the results showed the positive rates of CD29 and CD44 were 97.1% and 98.2%,respectively,while The positive rate of CD34 is only 4.4%.RT-PCR results demonstrated IL-12 gene was expressed in mRNA level,and Western Blott results were in accordance with those of mRNA.Conclusion Using Percoll's method to isolated and cultured MSC is simply.IL-12 gene was expressed by constructed Ad-IL-12-MSC.
A Study on the Integration of Big Data With Information Retrieval Technology in the Construction of Translation Talent Pools

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper conducts a corresponding study on the construction of a translation talent pool internally through the context of information retrieval technology. It first discusses the current state of development of information retrieval technology in various countries in the present era and the current social development of information retrieval technology. A model of the system is constructed by basing it on information retrieval technology. The system model of information retrieval technology combined with the optimisation problems associated with translation talent pools is also investigated, incorporating a factorisation algorithm. The results of the study show that the system model of big data combined with information retrieval technology has good application in concrete practical applications after modelling and performing internal upgrading.
A new topological semimetal candidate: SmMnBi2

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The new compound SmMnBi 2 has been synthesized by the self-flux method and shown to crystallize in space group I 4/ mmm with a = 4.5054 (4) Å, c = 20.5914 (19) Å and Z = 4. Its structure comprises two-dimensional square Mn-nets layers, puckered rock-salt-like SmBi slabs and two-dimensional square Bi-nets layers, alternating along the c axis in an …Mn-net–SmBi slab–Bi-net–SmBi slab–Mn-net… sequence. Surprisingly, the atomic arrangement differs from its neighboring compound EuMnBi 2 which has similar layers but with a different stacking arrangement. This gives rise to edge-shared square planar MnBi 4 polyhedral layers in SmMnBi 2 while EuMnBi 2 has edge-shared MnBi 4 tetrahedral layers. The M Mn X 2 ( M = alkaline earth/rare earth metals, X = Sb/Bi) family has emerged as topological Dirac or Weyl semimetal candidates, all of them sharing similar structural features. Although SmMnBi 2 has a different stacking arrangement to EuMnBi 2 , its layer structure still makes it a topological Dirac or Weyl semimetal candidate.
Dermatology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dermatology encompasses a large number of conditions including both primary skin diseases as well as multisystem disease. This chapter covers the pertinent areas of dermatology required for the Intermediate FRCEM examination. It is highly possible that skin conditions could appear in the short-answer question (SAQ) paper and therefore this chapter provides candidates with the tools to describe a rash in terms of nomenclature as well as constructing a differential diagnosis and management plan. This chapter covers the common life-threatening rashes such as Steven-Johnson syndrome, as well as rashes associated with multisystem disease such as erythema nodosum and primary skin conditions.
DYNAMICS OF BRYOPHYTES SPECIES DIVERSITY IN THE LOWLAND ECOSYSTEMS, CIBINONG SCIENCE CENTER-BOTANICAL GARDEN

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Bryophytes are a group of plants generally with small sizes and spores as generative reproduction. There are three main groups of Bryophytes: liverworts or hepatics (Marchantiophyta), mosses (Bryophyta), and hornworts (Anthocerophyta). They are found in almost all ecosystems. Ecopark Cibinong Science Center-Botanical Garden (CSC-BG) is a lowland ecosystem protection area located in industrial cities. The bryophytes species that were carried out in 2009 and 2010 are inadequate. Re-exploration activity was carried out from June 2018 until January 2019 in all blocks of Ecopark. This study aims to report an update of bryophytes data in Ecopark. A total of 20 species of bryophytes were found in this research. Fissidens is the most common genus of bryophytes. There are 11 species of bryophytes and 9 species are new data records for Ecopark CSC-BG. This study updated bryophyte diversity data from Ecopark CSC-BG in 2009 and 2010, resulting in the discovery of 30 species (27 species mosses, 3 species liverworts), including 10 species not found in previous studies. There are no hornworts found in Ecopark CSC-BG.
Viscoelastic Properties of Plastic Pediatric AFOs

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The viscoelastic behavior of pediatricsized polypropylene ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) has been investigated by measuring the stiffness and buckling of AFOs before, during and after cyclic loading. Cyclic loading simulates normal gait by forcing the AFOs into dorsiflexion (10 degrees) and plantarflexion (15 degrees). Mechanical properties were measured after three 24-hour periods of 187,200 cycles. After cyclic loading, mechanical properties were again measured at six discrete time intervals to determine if the plastic recovered or remained permanently degraded. The cycling rate simulated a relatively rapid walking pace of 130 steps per minute. The AFOs exhibited a significant reduction in mechanical properties—30 percent reduction in stiffness and 4.4 percent increase in malleolar diameter— after just one 24-hour period of cycling. Within 15 minutes after cycling had ceased, however, the AFOs began to recover their mechanical integrity and within an hour had recovered fully. Microfracturing (crazing) was observed in the sagittal walls of the AFO specimens. This was attributed to excessive stress as the plastic curved outward to accommodate the malleoli prominences.
Identification of a novel nonsense mutation in the FOXP3 gene in a fetus with hydrops—Expanding the phenotype of IPEX syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

IPEX Syndrome is a well‐characterized, however rare, autoimmune condition primarily affecting males presenting with neonatal onset of severe diarrhea, diabetes, dermatitis, and other autoimmune symptoms. The gene responsible for this condition, FOXP3 , is important in the function of T‐regulatory cells which maintain tolerance to self‐antigens and are implicated in many autoimmune conditions. While females who carry FOXP3 mutations are typically asymptomatic, pregnancy loss of male fetuses in families with a history of IPEX syndrome has been noted. This loss is likely unrelated to the maternal carrier status, and rather related to pathogenic fetal autoimmunity. Fetal presentation of IPEX Syndrome has been recently reported in two families. Of the two reported probands, one had onset of severe intrauterine growth restriction and the second involved monochorionic diamniotic twins affected with fetal hydrops. Loss of male fetuses was noted in both families. We present a third family who suffered the loss of two male fetuses as a result of fetal hydrops of an unknown etiology. Whole Exome Sequencing on fetal remains following the second loss identified a novel nonsense mutation in the FOXP3 gene, which was inherited from the mother and subsequently confirmed in saved cells from the first pregnancy. These two cases further expand the fetal phenotype of IPEX Syndrome. While rare, IPEX syndrome should be another potential differential when considering the onset of unexplained hydrops in a male fetus. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
From Mass Periodicals to Mass Production

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter considers the implications for Britain’s magazine industry of the growth in popular daily newspapers during the opening two decades of the twentieth century. It traces the development of trade union activities in the printing industry throughout the nineteenth century, from their origins as craft-based typographical societies to the complex structures incorporating task-based and plant-specific lines of demarcation that had emerged by the early 1900s. Given their common use of letterpress, mass-produced magazines and newspapers displayed a tendency towards technological convergence in printing. This was particularly true of the Harmsworth-owned enterprises, whose Amalgamated Press magazine business operated as part of a publishing empire that encompassed Associated Newspapers and the Daily Mirror. As Alfred Harmsworth (Lord Northcliffe) sought to raise his political profile particularly through his ownership of the Daily Mail, a broadly tolerant approach was adopted towards the growing trade union influence within his London-based factories producing newspapers and pulp magazines.
Enteritis Cystica Profunda

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In addition to hamartomatous polyps of the small intestine, a patient with Peutz-Jeghers disease had gross and microscopic lesions of the ileum that were analogous to colitis cystica profunda in the large intestine and rectum. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first such case in an adult to be reported. They suggest the designation, "enteritis cystica profunda." The histology of the lesions and their association with a disease known to produce hamartomatous lesions lend support to the proposition that some cases of colitis cystica are also hamartamatous. It is also believed that some reported cases of small-intestinal adenocarcinoma in patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome are in reality examples of the benign process of enteritis cystica profunda.
The Effect of Metformin on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells and Nude Mice.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) presents the most adverse prognosis due to its pronounced invasive and metastatic features. Existing research has highlighted that metformin, a prevalent diabetes medication, possesses strong anti-tumor properties, particularly in inhibiting tumor invasion and metastasis. This study delves deeper into the impact of metformin on TNBC by examining changes in proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration, and adhesion of TNBC cells, specifically MDA-MB-231, post-metformin exposure. The treatment of MDA-MB-231 with metformin in immunodeficient nude mice led to discernible changes in tumor metrics such as size, weight, lymph node engagement, and angiogenesis. Post-treatment, MDA-MB-231 cells exhibited a marked decline in proliferation, invasion, migration, and adhesion, alongside a significant rise in apoptosis. In the in vivo model with nude mice, tumors displayed notable reductions in size and weight post-metformin exposure. Furthermore, there was a pronounced decline in lymph node plasma cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. Through the use of both Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Real-Time Fluorescence Quantification, it was ascertained that the expression of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) saw significant augmentation, while expressions of Matrix Metallopeptidase-2 (MMP-2), Matrix Metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and Interleukin-7 (IL-7) decreased markedly. This suggests metformin's potential efficacy against TNBC, potentially mediated via the STAT3 signaling pathway and interleukins 6 and 7.
Interleukin-1 Receptors and their Ligands

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is an endogenous mediator of the inflammatory response. IL-1 executes its actions by binding and subsequent activation of the IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) proteins. Among the many systemic effects of IL-1, the fever response was the first to be investigated. We characterised, by cDNA sequence analysis, the primary structure of the type II IL-1 receptor (IL-1RII) expressed in the rat insulinomab-cell line Rinm5F. In addition, we found that IL-1R agonists upregulated the mRNA concentrations of IL-1RI and IL-1RII in Rinm5F cells. By generation of IL-1R subtype selective mutants of human IL-1bwe created pharmacological tools to investigate IL-1R subtype specific signalling in vivo. We showed that the type I IL-1R (IL-1RI) mediates the induction of fever, activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and induction of IL-6 expression by IL-1bin the rat. We presented data on an interaction between the IL-1RII and the IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP) in the presence of IL-1b, suggesting a novel mechanism of regulating the cellular responsiveness to IL-1bi.e., by a competition between IL-1RII and the signalling IL-1RI for interaction with IL-1RAcP. We showed that mice deficient in IL-1bresponded with exacerbated fever when challenged with IL-1aorbor lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of E. coli, as compared to wild type mice. We found increased concentrations of IL-6 mRNA in the hypothalamus from untreated IL-1bdeficient mice as compared to wild type mice, suggesting the IL-1bdeficient mice to have compensated for the lack of IL-1bwith an increased expression of the functionally related pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6. Using mice deficient in IL-1RAcP we showed that IL-1RAcP is involved in IL-1R signalling, as measured by lack of IL-1binduced NFkB activation and IL-1aorbinduced fever. In the same manner as mice deficient in IL-1b, the IL-1RAcP deficient mice responded with a fever when challenged with LPS suggesting that IL-1 is not essential for fever per se.
[Screening of sera from the adult populations of some USSR regions for antibodies to the human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The results of serologic survey of 4118 residents of the USSR Far East from 16 to 82 years of age and 1037 blood donors for antibody to HTLV-I by the method of passive agglutination of gelatin particles coated with viral proteins are summarized. The portion of HTLV-1 seropositive subjects in the Khabarovsk Territory was 1.79% (25 out of 1391), in the Maritime Territory 2.2% (18 out of 801), in the Sakhalin Island 1.6% (26 out of 1557), and in Kamchatka 1.6% (6 out of 369). A discrete area of a higher number of positive cases was found among Nivkhi national group in the village of Nogliki in the Sakhalin Island: 6.4% (10 out of 155). In women, antibody to HTLV-1 was found twice as frequently as in men. Seropositives to HTLV-1 among blood donors in Moscow, the town of Komsomol'sk-na-Amure, and the town of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk comprised 1.4%, 1.6%, and 5.45%, respectively. The occurrence of HTLV-1 infection among the normal population of the Far East and especially among blood donors attests to the expedience of wider seroepidemiological surveys of the population and especially donors for HTLV-I infection in other regions of the USSR as well.
Morphological Studies of Five Known Nematode Species Via Taxa-Informatics Approaches

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Last few decades our generation running in an advance biological research in each and every field related to life sciences. Now time to change taxonomy to taxa informatics. The term of taxa informatics is that to solve the taxonomical complexity with the help of computer hardware’s and software’s with well developed computational programmes so that’s phenomenon known as taxa-informatics. In this term taxa relate with taxonomy and informatics related to computational biology. Finally in this research identified five known species Mylonchulus (Mylonchulidae : Mononchida) with diversify morphological changes in taxonomic calculations.
Study on the Interaction of the Sinicization of Christianity and the Reconstruction of Cross-border Ethnic Minorities Cultures in Yunnan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

"I'm Sinicization of Christianity? which is the developing strategy and practice to make Christianity adapt to Chinese culture. It corresponds to the Christianization of Chinese ethnic minority people who believed in Christianity. From the perspective of cultural interaction, borrowing and blending, the study explores the motivation, process and characteristics of the interactive development between the localization and contextualization of Christianity in Yunnan ethnic minorities ' areas and the Christianization of ethnic minorities' cultures by historical com bi ng and synchronic comparison. Mostly between Christianity and ethnic minorities' traditional cultures had experienced from the estrangement, and coexisted with each other and blending process > and finished the Christian from "in" to the transition of “again”, so as to realize the Sinicizational characteristics of the regional > national > but also make the border ethnic cultural reconstruct.