jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
More on recent evidence on the effects of minimum wages in the United States

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract A central issue in estimating the employment effects of minimum wages is the appropriate comparison group for states (or other regions) that adopt or increase the minimum wage. In recent research, Dube et al. (Rev Econ Stat 92:945-964, 2010) and Allegretto et al. (Ind Relat 50:205-240, 2011) argue that past U.S. research is flawed because it does not restrict comparison areas to those that are geographically proximate and fails to control for changes in low-skill labor markets that are correlated with minimum wage increases. They argue that using “local controls” establishes that higher minimum wages do not reduce employment of less-skilled workers. In Neumark et al. (Ind Labor Relat Rev 67:608-648, 2014), we present evidence that their methods fail to isolate more reliable identifying information and lead to incorrect conclusions. Moreover, for subsets of treatment groups where the identifying variation they use is supported by the data, the evidence is consistent with past findings of disemployment effects. Allegretto SA, Dube A, Reich M, Zipperer B (2013a) Credible research designs for minimum wage studies. IZA Discussion Paper No. 7638, Bonn, Germany have challenged our conclusions, continuing the debate regarding some key issues regarding choosing comparison groups for estimating minimum wage effects. We explain these issues and evaluate the evidence. In general, we find little basis for their analyses and conclusions and argue that the best evidence still points to job loss from minimum wages for very low-skilled workers – in particular, for teens. JEL codes J23; J38
Osteosarcoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Osteosarkom je nejčastějším primárním maligním kostním nádorem.Nádor se vyskytuje nejčastěji v adolescenci a u mladých dospělých.Při současných standardech léčby dlouhodobě přežívá asi 70 % pacientů s lokalizovaným končetinovým postižením a 20-30 % pacientů s primárními metastázami nebo postižením axiálního skeletu.Diagnostika je postavena na zobrazovacích metodách (RTG, CT, MRI, PET-CT), klinickém vyšetření a bioptickém vyšetření.V lokální terapii je základem radikální resekce nádoru.K náhradě odstraněné kosti jsou v dnešní době využívány modulární náhrady a individuální náhrady, méně jsou dnes již využívány alloštěpy.Základem systémové terapie jsou čtyři standardní chemoterapeutika dlouhodobě užívaná k léčbě osteosarkomu: vysokodávkovaný methotrexát, doxorubicin, cisplatina a ifosfamid.Používání dalších přídatných látek doposud nevedlo ke zlepšení výsledků terapie.Ve sledování se opíráme o klinické vyšetření, RTG a CT plic.Diskutována je četnost intervalů sledování a validita RTG vyšetření plic
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochromic Properties of Cobalt Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Vapor Deposition.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Detection of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression in Breast Cancer Cell Lines Using an Ion-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistor in Combination with Enzymatic Chemical Signal Amplification

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A novel strategy for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) detection using a cell-based field-effect transistor (FET) with enzymatic chemical signal amplification is proposed. Four human breast cancer cell lines [BT474, MDA-MB-231 (MM231), MDA-MB-468 (MM468), and MDA-MB-453 (MM453)] were used to compare the expression levels of EGFR. The cells were non-specifically captured on the surface of the gate of the FET, irrespective of their surface antigens. With this configuration, the heterogeneity of the cells would be analyzed using secondary antibodies conjugated to different kinds of enzymes. Four breast cancer cell lines with different levels of EGFR expression were captured on the respective surfaces of the extracellular matrix (ECM) gel-coated gates of the FETs. Glucose oxidase (GOx) was conjugated to the secondary antibody, and the output signals of the cell-based FETs changed depending on the expression levels of EGFR upon addition of glucose. The order of the expression levels of EGFR among the four cell lines, determined with the cell-based FETs, was consistent with the results of fluorescence detection determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The cell-based FETs are advantageous for miniaturization and in massive parallel analyses of target molecules expressed on the membranes of cells and EVs, and their small size and cost effectiveness for cancer testing could enable their realization in a future liquid biopsy.
Effects of thermal stress on physiological state and hormone concentrations in Holstein cows under arid climatic conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of heat stress on the physiology of dairy cows and to detect the relationship between rectal temperature (RT) and respiration rate (RR), heart rate (HR), and plasma concentrations of cortisol, thyroxine, and prolactin. During the experiment, 44 Holstein cows were allocated to two groups for each season. The average temperature-humidity index (THI) values were 55 ± 2.31 in winter and 78 ± 1.9 in summer. As the THI values increased from 55 to 78, RR rose by 35 inspirations per minute, HR by 3 beats per minute, and RT by 1.2 °C. In addition, the average concentration of cortisol increased from 19.30 to 21.04 nmol/L, and prolactin from 58.52 to 129.79 ngm/L, whereas free thyroxine decreased from 15.43 to 14.01 pmol/L. Plasma sodium and potassium concentrations were similar in the two seasons. These results confirmed that RT is an indicator of the response in dairy cows to hot environmental temperatures. However, they also showed signs of stress, which were reflected in higher levels of cortisol and in certain physiological responses.
Fruiting‐body‐base flour from an Oyster mushroom waste in the development of antioxidative chicken patty

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract In a commercial oyster mushroom farm, from 300 g of the total harvest, only the cap and stem of the fruiting body parts are harvested (200 g) while the unused lower section called fruiting‐body‐base (FBB) is discarded (50 g). A new antioxidative FBB flour (FBBF) conversion to mixed‐ratio chicken patty was recently developed which converts 16.67% of FBB into an edible flour. At the initial stage, pretreatments of FBBF were optimized at particle size (106 µm) and citric acid concentration (0.5 g/100 mL) to improve flour antioxidant responses. Such pretreatments boosted total phenolic content (2.31 ± 0.53 mg GAE/g) and DPPH (51.53 ± 1.51%) of pretreated FBBF. Mixed‐ratio chicken patty containing FBBF (10%, 20%, 30%) significantly ( P < 0.05) influenced the hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, and chewiness of the patties. However, only the hardness and chewiness increased proportionally with the increase FBBF in concentration. Notably, 60 panellists considered that 10% FBBF‐chicken patty sensory attributes, including lightness, redness, and yellowness, is acceptable to consumers. This information could be used to market any type of commercial mushroom farm waste as alternative food products. Practical Application This study shows that unused harvested mushroom waste from a local farm can be used to make an antioxidative chicken patty that is acceptable to consumer panellists. The converted mushroom waste into flour suggests that smaller particles and citric acid pretreatment can increase its nutritional value. This information can be used for waste conversion into new product development from any type of mushroom farm.
Effect of light-hole tunnelling on the excitonic properties of GaAsP/AlGaAs near-surface quantum wells

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Light-hole tunnelling to the surface states is studied using photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and transient reflectivity measurements in the tensile-strained GaAsP/AlGaAs near-surface quantum well (NSQW) samples by reducing the top barrier layer thickness from 275 to 5 nm. The ground state transition (e1–lh1) remains excitonic even at room temperature (RT) for a buried quantum well sample with 275 nm thick top barrier. When the top barrier thickness is reduced to 50 nm the same transition is found to be excitonic only at low temperatures but changes to free-carrier recombination at higher temperatures. When the top barrier layer thickness is further reduced to 5 nm, the ground state transition is no longer excitonic in nature, where it shows free-carrier behaviour even at 10 K. We therefore find a clear relationship between the character of the ground state transition and the top barrier layer thickness. Light-hole excitons cannot be formed in NSQW samples when the top barrier layer thickness is kept reasonably low. This is attributed to the quantum mechanical tunnelling of free light holes to the surface states, which is found to be faster than the exciton formation process. A tunnelling time of ∼500 fs for light holes is measured by the transient reflectivity measurements for the NSQW sample with a 5 nm top barrier. On the other hand, heavy-hole-related transitions in NSQW samples are found to be of excitonic nature even at RT because of the relatively large tunnelling time. It supports the dominance of excited state feature over the ground state transition in PL measurements at temperatures higher than 150 K.
Nontyphi Salmonella Empyema with Bronchopleural Fistula in a Patient with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have an increased risk of inoculation with nontyphoid Salmonella compared to the general population. While nontyphoid Salmonella commonly manifests as gastroenteritis, Salmonella bacteremia can be seen in patients with HIV. We present a case of disseminated Salmonellosis in a patient with HIV complicated by bronchopleural fistula and secondary empyema. Case Presentation. A 40-year-old African American male with HIV noncompliant with HAART therapy presented with complaints of generalized weakness, weight loss, cough, night sweats, and nonbloody, watery diarrhea of four weeks’ duration. A computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated a bilobed large, thick-walled cavitary lesion in the right upper lobe communicating with the pleural space to form a bronchopleural fistula. Thoracentesis yielded growth of nontyphi Salmonella species consistent with empyema; he was treated with intravenous Ceftriaxone and underwent placement of chest tube for drainage of empyema with instillation of alteplase/dornase twice daily for three days. Repeat CT chest showed a hydropneumothorax. The patient subsequently underwent video-assisted thoracoscopy with decortication. The patient continued to improve and follow-up CT chest demonstrated improved loculated right pneumothorax with resolution of the right bronchopleural fistula and resolution of the cavitary lesions. Discussion. We describe one of the few cases of development of bronchopulmonary fistula and the formation of empyema in the setting of disseminated Salmonella . Empyema complicated by bronchopulmonary fistula likely led to failure of intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy and the patient ultimately required decortication in addition to antibiotics. While Salmonella bacteremia can be seen in immunocompromised patients, extraintestinal manifestations of Salmonella infection such as empyema and bronchopleural fistulas are uncommon. Bronchopleural fistulas most commonly occur as a postoperative complication of pulmonary resection. Conclusions . This case highlights the unusual pulmonary manifestations that can occur due to disseminated Salmonella in an immunocompromised patient as well as complex management decisions related to these complications.
Exploring Mine Reclamation Possibilities with Architecture: A Case of Goa

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The land known for its beaches and forest, are hiding injuries inside its green canopies. How much does the present affect the future? It is something that every individual should ask oneself in the onset of the course that we are in. The physical environment is beating on in our faces, showing what we have done. And as architects what can we do to bring in change is a question that we should be asking ourselves. One of the smallest states in the country produces almost 50% of the nation’s iron ore production. But nobody cares about what’s left behind after the production. This paper looks into the darker picture of it and analyses, what can architecture do to resuscitate the remaining life back to the already ventilated state and its people. Mine reclamation and its notation are far stretched in papers by the government given to companies to be still after they finish exploitation. But that has not been able to shed light not take it away from the facts that there has been no interventions made what so ever. The paper will try and look into the possibilities of architectural interventions that can shed the face of goa as a tourism state and also bring back people to its losing greenery in a more humane and economical way.
The maternal roles of Hanna Rovina: Familial-national imagination in the Yishuv during WWII

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

During the years of WWII, when Hanna Rovina was in her fifties, her cultural image as “the mother of the nation” coalesced in the Yishuv. This article explores this public image, while looking at two of her successful dramatic roles of that time, the title roles in Jacob Gordin’s Mirele Efros, Karel Čapek’s The Mother and an exemplary performance that she gave in Italy for the soldiers of the Jewish Brigade. These performances reveal how Rovina’s maternal image constructed the her as an ephemeral site of both intimate familial and ethnic national memory. The Jewish nation conceived of itself as a big family, with a specific, Eastern European collective biography and a clear center symbolized by the mother.
A time motion analysis of lead climbing in the 2012 men’s and women’s world championship finals

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The dearth of research in lead rock climbing means that much remains to be learnt about the external and internal demands of this sport and about the suitability of current training protocols and techniques. The aim of this study was to perform a time motion analysis of movements made by elite lead climbers and to compare results between men and women. Video recordings of the men’s and women’s lead finals in the 2012 Sport Climbing World Championships were analyzed. Sixteen ascents (8 by men and 8 by women) were coded using the purpose-designed Sport Climbing Observational Tool (SCOT), with recording of climbing speed and frequency and duration of use of handholds, successful and failed quickdraw clipping actions, chalk use, and rest gestures. The mean ± SD time needed to complete the climbing route was 220 ± 81.7 s for men and 355.9 ± 92.8 s for women. Significant differences were also found for the frequency and duration of holds, chalk use, and rest gestures, which were all greater in women. The findings of this study demonstrate how results from time motion analysis of competitive rock climbing, combined with evaluation of responses during intermittent isometric exercise, could be used to design targeted training exercises and tests for lead climbers.
Perioperative Voice Recovery and the Vocal Folds: Perspectives From the Voice Care Team

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Information regarding the significance of wound healing in laryngology is steadily increasing. Vocal fold tissue may be injured by phonotrauma (excessive impact from the opposing vocal fold), chemical agents (e.g., stomach acid), trauma, or iatrogenic causes (i.e., intubation, vocal fold surgery). Following injury, the affected area becomes inflamed. The body initiates cell proliferation and matrix deposition to begin the process of healing. Matrix remodeling during the healing process determines the degree of scar formation. Vocal fold scar has well-documented structural and functional consequences, and is notoriously difficult to manage (Hirano, 2005). Our roles as vocal professionals in relationship to the stages of wound healing change at key time points: before creating a wound, when making a wound, acute management (0–2 weeks), subacute management (2–8 weeks), and late management (8 weeks and beyond)..
The Historical Evolution of the Wealth Distribution: A Quantitative-Theoretic Investigation

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We derive qualitative and quantitative predictions of a microfounded model of wealth inequality and look at how the model's predictions compare with actual outcomes in the United States over the postwar period. The model's microeconomic core emphasizes that a household faces important earnings risks (deriving from the risk of unemployment and from uncertain wages) and cannot fully insure against these risks. To capture these features, we base our work on the broadly used Bewley-Huggett-Aiyagari (BHA) setup. Our model also features stochastic movements in saving rates that go beyond the mere precautionary-savings motive inherent in the BHA setup: we posit some randomness in discount factors, as in Krusell and Smith (1998). We demonstrate that such randomness gives rise to a Pareto-shaped right tail of the wealth distribution, a feature that appears to approximate the data well and that has been discussed much recently and derived in a variety of highly stylized models. Piketty and Zucman (2014) develop one such model and we argue that it can be viewed as a reduced form for the model we present here, and indeed also for the one in Krusell and Smith (1998).
Rare Metastatic Spread of Gastric Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma to the Rectum

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is a malignant adenocarcinoma commonly found in glandular cells of the stomach. In advanced stages of gastric SRCC, metastasis may occur with common sites including the peritoneum, lungs, liver and ovaries, however colonic metastasis is rare. In our institution we encountered a patient with a history of gastric SRCC who was treated with chemotherapy and gastrectomy with partial esophagectomy who then presented two years later with presumed metastatic SRCC to the colon. A 73-year-old female with past medical history of SRCC gastric cancer status post total gastrectomy, partial esophagectomy, chronic anemia, diabetes and depression presented with progressive worsening abdominal pain. A computerized tomography scan of the abdomen revealed the rectum with circumferentially thickened mucosa. Gastroenterology was consulted who performed a flexible sigmoidoscopy that revealed a thickened circumferential rectal mucosa, and hard, friable tissue. Multiple biopsies were taken which revealed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with focal SRCC features compatible with metastasis from the patient's known gastric adenocarcinoma. After discussion with an Oncologist, family decided upon hospice care. More than 90% cases of SRCC arise in the stomach while the remaining 10% cases occur as primary tumors within the colon, rectum, gallbladder, pancreas, urinary bladder and breast. Colonic SRCC is a rare form of colorectal cancer only accounting for 0.9-4% of primary colon cancers. SRCC most frequently metastasize to sites such as the peritoneum, the lungs and liver, and ovaries however colonic metastasis is rare. Our patient was diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma two years prior to her presentation at our institution after being treated with six rounds of chemotherapy and gastrectomy with partial esophagectomy. Our patient is a rare case of gastric SRCC with metastases to the colon.
Green propolis extract as additive in the diet for lambs in feedlot

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT - The objective of this paper is to assess the effects of the inclusion of different levels of green propolis extract in the diet of lambs in feedlot on ingestive behavior, nutrients digestibility, physiological parameters and performance. Eight lambs were distributed in double Latin Square with four treatments, corresponding to the inclusion levels (4, 8, 12, 16 mL) of green propolis ethanolic extract (30 g of ground crude propolis was infused in a 100-mL hydroalcoholic solution, 700 mL/L). The diets were composed of Brachiaria brizantha cv. MG5 hay and a commercial concentrate (roughage:concentrate ratio was 50:50) in a dry matter basis. No effect was observed on dry matter (31.2 g/kg of BW), crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, non-fibrous carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients content (TDN) intakes. No significant effect was seen on the digestibility coefficients, presenting an average of 65.94% of TDN. The green propolis extract levels do not have a significant effect on behavior or physiologic parameters. Seeking to maximize feeding efficiency, the inclusion of 7.60 mL/day (2.1189 mg of dry matter and 0.1123 mg of flavonoids) of green propolis extract in the diet of lambs in feedlot is recommended.
Peningkatan Kepatuhan Pencegahan Penularan Covid-19 Pada Ibu Hamil Dengan Edukasi Online (Via WhatsApps) di Kecamatan Kwanyar Kabupaten Bangkalan

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Pregnant women are listed as one of the vulnerable groups at risk of being infected with COVID-19, due to physiological changes during pregnancy that result in a decrease in partial immunity. In the initial study conducted before the activity, it was found that there were still many pregnant women when they were outside the home that did not comply with health protocols such as not wearing a mask, still talking to neighbors without keeping their distance, and occasionally appearing to still join the crowd. The purpose of this study was to analyze the Effect of Online Education (Via WhatsApps) on Compliance with the Prevention of Covid-19 Transmission in Pregnant Women in Kwanyar District, Bangkalan Regency. The design of this study was a quasi-experimental pretest posttest design. Independent Variabel is Online Education and dependent variable is Compliance For Prevention of COVID-19 Transmission The number of samples was 54 respondents from pregnant women in Gunung Siring village, Kwanyar district, with a total sample of 27 respondents from the control group and 27 respondents from the treatment group, which were taken using purposive sampling technique. The research instrument used a questionnaire. Statistical test using wilcoxon and Mann Whitney with = 0.05. The results showed that there was a difference in the mean between the control and treatment groups, so it can be concluded that there is an effect of online education on increasing the compliance of pregnant women in preventing the transmission of COVID-19.