jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Respiration During Sleep in the Aged Human

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sleep and respiration were evaluated on a single night in 40 elderly subjects, including 22 women (ages 62 to 85, mean = 74) and 18 men (ages 63 to 86, mean = 72.7). Sleep-related respiratory disturbances, apneas and hypopneas lasting 10 seconds or longer, were evaluated in each subject. The number of such disturbances ranged from 0 (in 5 women and 2 men) to 216. Seven women (31.8%) and eight men (44.4%) had greater than five respiratory disturbances per hour of sleep. In women, there appeared to be an age-related increase in respiratory disturbances, with a marked augmentation occurring in the eighth decade. In men, this age relationship was not apparent. In a number of cases, arousals associated with respiratory disturbances presented a clear disruption of nocturnal sleep (up to as many as 45 disturbances per hour). This high prevalence of sleep-related respiratory disturbance in aged individuals suggests a possible cause of sleep complaints in many elderly persons.
Customer energy portal for electricity users at NTU

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This report explains the process of a Web Application development. It enables the user to access their account to understand the trend of the utility information. The idea of constructing this Web Application is to promote the reduction of Energy Consumption and cost saving plans, at the same time improve the convenience and accessibility for consumers. With the advancement of information technology, the platform is set up with specialized functionality to store and present the information in a simple and concise manner, where the end-user is able to view it with ease. In order to further develop and modify the Web Application, specifications of the design requirement of the Web Application are listed. The overall concept of this project is to set up the communication path between the Meter Reading Database with the Energy Portal. Hence, information could be conveyed to the end-user. Researches were done to find out the various methods that can be done to establish the communication between the Database and the Consumer Energy Portal. Hence, this project explores into the method that can be best integrated with the system. In the first phase of the propsed work, the communication link of Oracle Database was done, but due to technical limitation, the link server was removed. Therefore, to proceed with the design requirement, another approach by using the XML notepad reader was adopted. In conclusion, the XML notepad reader is a ready use platform to set up the communication path which can function as desired. In conclusion, this final year project is confined in the software development of the energy portal. The integration with smart meter and wireless communication infrastructure is not in the scope of this project.
Tracheo-oesophageal fistula associated with hormonal contraception during pregnancy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A case is reported of a 23-year-old primigravida who took Ovral (.5 mg DL-norgestrel and .05 mg ethinyl estradiol) for the 1st 12 weeks of pregnancy. A hydramnios was noted subsequently and delivery was induced by syntocinon infusion. A baby girl weighing 3000 gm was delivered who was confirmed to have an esophageal atresia with a fistula between the distal segment and the trachea. Repair was made the same da y but the infant died 2 months later of bronchopneumonia. Until a relation between such abnormalities and oral contraceptives has been disproven pregnancy should be definitely ruled out before oral contraceptives are prescribed.
Fanny Hensel, born Fanny Mendelssohn-Bartholdy (1805–1847)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The nineteenth century was the golden age of the cello-piano sonata. The Romantic composers Hensel, Mendelssohn, Chopin, Farrenc, Brahms, and Smyth, all of whom were pianists, found ways to showcase the lyrical qualities of the cello alongside piano parts of concerto-level difficulty. While Beethoven’s blueprint for the cello-piano sonata influenced all these composers, they also created innovations to the form through their use of harmonically rich, dramatically expressive Romantic language. Nineteenth-century developments to virtuoso technique also made it possible to write increasingly difficult material in cello parts. The dedicatees of several of the sonatas in this chapter—Count Mateusz Wielhorski for Mendelssohn, Auguste Franchomme for Chopin, and Julius Klengel for Smyth—were among the celebrity virtuosos of their day.
Analyzing the Diversity of Plant Lectins According to Structural Character of Biological Macromolecule

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mannose specific lectins are widely distributed in higher plants and are believed to play a role in recognition of high mannose type glycans of foreign microorganisms or plant predators. In this paper, we simulated the amino acid residue's structural character of the sugar binding sites of mannose specific binding plant lectins, and calculated and analyzed solvent accessible surface area of the related residue and mean hydrophobicity of the surface patches. Results indicated: (1)Before the plant lectins bind sugar, their conformational variety are consistent; (2)The plant lectins exhibit the structural diversity, which may relate with the diversity of their biological function; (3)During the process of binding sugar, the surface part conformation of the plant lectins can have some variety; this kind of variety may benefit to recognize the plant lectins to the different sugar and bind the differently foreign glycoconjugates, and develop their defense function. To same family plant lectins, although their sequences have high homology, the biological functions have strongly diversity. The structural diversity of mannose specific plant lectins associated with the specific recognition of high mannose type glycans highlights the importance of mannose specific lectins as recognition molecules in higher plants. All results suggest: For biological macromolecule, the function is same, the structure is uncertainly similar; and the structure is similar, the function is uncertainly same.
From excavation to display: The conservation of archaeological textiles from an ad first‐third century cemetery site in Jordan

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract In 1997 a rescue excavation of an extensively robbed AD first‐third century cemetery site in Jordan led to the retrieval of a number of Nabataean/Roman textiles. Some of these were recovered as surface finds whilst others were found in situ in the shaft burials. Although the textiles were fragmentary and their condition very varied, some were in a remarkable state of preservation. Unusually, a British Museum conservator was present on site and saw through the post‐excavation work and preparation of the material for display or storage carried out at The British Museum, UK. This article shows the benefits of such continuity and details methods used for occasional consolidation on site. The examination and interpretation of the textile fragments is considered and the results of dye analysis presented. The issues surrounding the selection, cleaning and straightening of eight fragmentary garments for display are discussed. Mechanical cleaning and humidification were chosen in preference to wet‐cleaning. Stitched supports, either couched orencased, were used for the display textiles, which might have to withstand uncontrolled climates on their return to Jordan. The textiles were mounted on flat boards for easy transport and storage. To aid understanding on display, extended coloured supports and overlays that help delineate the fragmentary textiles, and localised colouring of supports which clarify design, were developed. New research into the stability of localised colouring agents is summarised. The boxed storage for study of the remainder of the, largely untreated, fragments is described.
Osteogenesis imperfecta, diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, and hypophosphatasia: one year in review 2025

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There are several metabolic bone diseases that rheumatologists should be aware of in clinical practice. In this paper, we reviewed the literature published in 2024 on osteogenesis imperfecta, diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, and hypophosphatasia.
Understanding change blindness : current explanations and theories.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Change blindness is an interesting phenomenon in which people fail to see large observable and obvious changes that would normally be detected without difficulty. The various explanations proposed to explain the phenomenon can be classified under two classes, representation failures and non-representation failures. To date, however, there is no single theory able to fully account for the phenomenon of change blindness. Many theories extend their findings and complement one other. Some implications discussed in this review include individual differences in experiencing change blindness as well as humans’ overconfidence with their change detection ability. There remains potential for advancements in the field of change blindness.
Figure S1 - Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteria Isolated from the Internal Organs of Edible Snow Crabs

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

<p><b>Phylogenetic tree of dominant bacteria in three species of snow crab.</b> (a): <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp., (b): <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp., (c): <i>Stenotrophomonas</i> spp., (d): <i>Bacillus</i> spp., (e): the other of <i>C. opilio</i>, (f): the other of <i>C. japonicus</i> crab, (g): <i>Chionoecetes</i> sp. Bootstrap values represent the percentage of 1,000 replicates. Box indicates resistance to more than seven antibiotics. Dark star symbol (★) in boxes indicates resistance against tested nine antibiotics, light star symbol (☆) against eight antibiotics, and box without symbol against seven antibiotics. C: <i>Chionoecetes opilio</i>, CJ: <i>C. japonicus</i>, B: <i>Chionoecetes</i> sp.</p> <p>(TIF)</p>
Σύνθεση και μελέτη αναστολέων λιπολυτικών ενζύμων

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Phospholipases A2 (PLA2) are enzymes that hydrolyze the sn-2 ester bond of phospholipids releasing free fatty acids and lysophospholipids. Among them, arachidonic acid can be converted into a variety of eicosanoids by metabolic enzymes, while lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), the most abundant lysophospholipid in plasma and tissues, can be converted into lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) by a secreted enzyme that exhibits lysophospholipase D activity, known as autotaxin (ATX). Both enzymes are involved in inflammatory conditions and, as a consequence, constitute attractive targets for the development of novel agents for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Due to the fact that molecules which bear the 2-oxoamide functional group and long aliphatic chains exhibit inhibitory activity against cytosolic GIVA cPLA2, 2-oxoamideswith reduced lipophilicity were designed and synthesized. Taking into consideration that in recent years hydroxamic acids have attracted considerable attention due to their pharmacological properties, hydroxamic acids and derivatives there of were designed and synthesized, so as to evaluate their inhibitory activity against ATX.
Hydrogen storage on calcium-decorated BC3 sheet: A first principles study

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Hydrogen storage on the calcium-decorated BC3 sheet is studied by first principles calculations. We find that the Ca atoms can be strongly adsorbed on the BC3 sheet without clustering, which facilitates the reversible hydrogen adsorption and desorption. For one Ca atom adsorbing on the (2×2) BC3 unit cell, each Ca could adsorb up to six hydrogen molecules. By adsorbing Ca atoms on both sides of the BC3 sheet to form a (1×1) pattern, a hydrogen capacity up to 8.4 wt % can be achieved, and the average binding energy of hydrogen molecules adsorbed by Ca atoms is about 0.28 eV.
Detection of a new antibody system reacting with Dane particles in hepatitis B virus infection.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Antibodies in the serum reacting with antigens on the surface of radiolabelled Dane particles distinct from hepatitis B surface and core antigens (HBsAg and HBcAg) were detected, using a double antibody precipitation assay, in 12 out of 15 patients early in the course of acute type B hepatitis and at the time of disappearance of circulating Dane particles. No such antibody activity was found in 15 of the 16 patients with HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis, 13 of whom had complete Dane particles in the serum. In a group of 16 asymptomatic HBsAg carriers (without Dane particles in serum) antibody activity was shown in nine. This demonstration of antibodies precipitating Dane particles may be relevant to the clearance of circulating hepatitis B virions and the termination of infection in acute type B hepatitis. Their absence in all but one of the cases of chronic active hepatitis might explain why the virus infection persists in this group of patients.
Electric rhetoric: classical rhetoric, oralism, and a new literacy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Explores the changes in writing and discourse brought about by electronic forms of communication. The book integrates three related strands: the redeployment of Sophistic classical rhetoric; late-1990s literacy theories within rhetoric and composition studies, including gender and race issues; and the inherently rhetorical nature of screens in relationship to writing and other communication technologies. Throughout the book the author deals with women's issues.
Optimization of the conventional minimum inhibitory concentration method for drug susceptibility testing of ethionamide

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Evaluation of newer methods and optimization of existing methods for the susceptibility testing of second-line drugs, especially ethionamide, are essential when treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is warranted. The ideal method must clearly demarcate sensitive from resistant strains. Hence, optimization of the conventional minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method was attempted using diluted inoculum. The optimized MIC method was evaluated using 206 Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from new and previously treated tuberculosis patients and were compared with the conventional MIC method and proportion sensitivity (PST) method. The sensitivity and specificity of the optimized MIC method in comparison with the PST method was 74% and 90%. Assessment of the optimized MIC method with the conventional MIC method gave a sensitivity of and specificity of 73% and 98%. Overall agreement between the methods was found to be ≥ 80%. Endowed with the ability to identify the resistant strains precisely, the optimized MIC method can be used for screening resistance to ethionamide.
Research of Indoor GPS Signals Acquisition Algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The key of satellite navigation positioning technology is weak signal detection in low-SNR environments. In order to acquire weak GPS signals, this paper analyzes an efficient GPS signal acquisition method, differential correlation, where each current coherently integrated pre-detection sample is multiplied with the complex conjugate of the previous pre-detection sample. The products are then accumulated. By means of mathematical model, the adapted acquisition algorithm based on differential correlation (DF) is derived in detail. By implementing rigorous mathematical analysis, this paper proves that this algorithm outperforms conventional non-coherent integration of coherent integration results (NCH) in the detection of weak GPS signal. The processing loss induced by NCH can be decreased through the use of DF by approximately 3 dB at low carrier-to-noise density ratios. This improvement decreases the acquisition time, representing a substantial improvement in the context of weak GPS signals. Using simulation, we compare the DF acquisition algorithm with the NCH acquisition algorithm. The simulation results indicate that this algorithm is superior to the NCH acquisition algorithm in improving the sensitivity.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 5721 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "Geometry POLYGON ((-97.7377251999999999 30.2515749000000014, -97.7377251999999999 30.2527490199999995, -97.7377251999999999 30.2544123499999991, -97.7377251999999999 30.2570541099999986, -97.7377251999999999 30.2590109699999985, -97.7377251999999999 30.2613592000000011, -97.7364553700000016 30.2613592000000011, -97.7346973800000001 30.2613592000000011, -97.7327440600000017 30.2613592000000011, -97.7299117499999994 30.2613592000000011, -97.7275677699999932 30.2613592000000011, -97.7258097800000058 30.2613592000000011, -97.7229774700000036 30.2613592000000011, -97.7210241599999989 30.2613592000000011, -97.7197544999999934 30.2613592000000011, -97.7178011799999950 30.2613592000000011, -97.7162385299999983 30.2613592000000011, -97.7140897000000024 30.2613592000000011, -97.7140897000000024 30.2588152800000003, -97.7140897000000024 30.2561735200000008, -97.7140897000000024 30.2544123499999991, -97.7140897000000024 30.2533360699999996, -97.7140897000000024 30.2515749000000014, -97.7153595300000006 30.2515749000000014, -97.7173128499999990 30.2515749000000014, -97.7187778400000013 30.2515749000000014, -97.7202428300000037 30.2515749000000014, -97.7219031500000028 30.2515749000000014, -97.7233681400000052 30.2515749000000014, -97.7260051199999964 30.2515749000000014, -97.7277631000000042 30.2515749000000014, -97.7297164200000026 30.2515749000000014, -97.7313767400000017 30.2515749000000014, -97.7335253899999969 30.2515749000000014, -97.7361623700000024 30.2515749000000014, -97.7377251999999999 30.2515749000000014))", "HasCoordinate is true", "HasGeospatialIssue is false", "Year is greater than or equal to 1932", "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Living Specimen, Observation, Specimen, Machine Observation)" ] } The dataset includes 5721 records from 4 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0080338-220831081235567/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
The Eruption

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the months of January and February 1965, Tamil Nadu witnessed the eruption of mass protest and violence that shocked almost all political actors in its intensity and scale. The protests carried several features of subaltern uprisings such as lack of central directives, spontaneity of action, role of rumors, destructive and homicidal violence, state repression, and finally, unverifiability of the precise nature of events in many places where several lives were lost. Though the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) had spearheaded anti-Hindi movements until the moment of eruption, it was the students who took the lead in “direct action,” which then propelled mass action in many places, the scale of which is still a matter of oral histories and “folk” narratives. A perusal of the events between January 25 and March 15, 1965, most particularly the three cataclysmic days between February 10 and 12, would scarcely leave anyone in doubt that these days transformed Tamil politics forever. The party, as an organization, was not directly involved in the waves of spontaneous agitations in most places, even though students and activists belonging to the party joined the “public” in action. However, the events were bracketed by the DMK's sustained opposition to the imposition of Hindi as well as a demand for Dravidian political independence from its inception and its subsequent gain of popular support in the electoral arena. It was as though the DMK was airlifted in the most difficult part of its climb to power by the event of anti-Hindi uprising of 1965, as we will have occasion to analyze in detail in the subsequent chapter on electoral participation.
Primary signet ring cell carcinoma of colon and rectum often presents as long segment stenosis in young patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background: Primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the colon and rectum (PSRCCR) is rare, usually diagnosed at advanced stage with poor outcomes. We aimed to find possible diagnostic clues in order to help diagnosis. Methods: A retrospective study of PSRCCR patients from 1993 to 2018 was reviewed at a single tertiary center. Colorectal adenocarcinoma patients as control group with 1:4 ratio was also enrolled. Results: 18 patients with PSRCCR were identified. The prevalence rate was 0.16% (18 of 11,515). The mean age was 50.2 years-old in PSRCCR group and 63 years-old in non-SRCC colorectal cancer patients ( p < 0.001). Diagnosis tool depends on CFS were much less in PSRCCR group than control group (44.4 % vs 93 %, p < 0.001). SRCC patients had higher level of CEA (68.3 vs 17.7 ng/mL, p =0.004) and lower level of Albumin (3.4 vs 4.3 g/dL, p < 0.001). The majority of PSRCCR tumor configuration was ulcerative and infiltrative. More PSRCCR pathology presented as high-grade carcinoma (66.7 vs 1.4 %, p < 0.001) and lymphovascular invasion (77.8 vs 44.4 %, p = 0.011) than control group. More PSRCCR patients were diagnosed at advanced stage (88.8 vs 40.3 %, p = 0.001). Higher mortality was also noticed in PSRCCR group than control group (72.2 vs 20.8 %, p < 0.001). Conclusion: For young patients with long segment colonic stenosis and ulcerative/ infiltrative mucosa but endoscopic biopsy failed to identify malignant cells, earlier operation or non-colon site biopsy is suggested for diagnosing the PSRCCR.
TAXONOMIC MEASURE OF ECONOMIC STABILITY OF POLISH COMPANIES AS A TOOL SUPPORTING MANAGEMENT PROCESS IN THE ENTERPRISES

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The main purpose of the paper is to present the taxonomy measure of economic stability and the usefulness of information about the economic conditions of Polish companies in the management process in the enterprises. In order to do this, the rankings of Polish companies are based on a synthetic indicator, which is constructed as a weighted average of the economic variables which may provide important information on the competitive position of Polish enterprises. The following variables are included in this study: current assets, long-term liabilities, liquidity ratio of the second degree, net turnover profitability ratio, gross turnover profitability ratio, sales profitability rate, cost level indicator from total activity. Then it is analyzed whether the positioning of the Polish companies in the annual rankings remain stable over the period 2010-2013. In this work, the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient is used for this purpose.
The Pricing of the Sats Bull and Bear Stocks

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Two index-linked stocks were issued by the South African Transport Services in November 1986. They offer the investor fixed coupon payments, but their redemption values will be determined by the level of the JSE Index on April, 1990. The two stocks thus have an unknown maturity value. The paper analyses the equilibrium prices of the stocks, using option pricing equations. It derives pricing equations for both stocks, and then demonstrates the actual application of the model.