jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Meeting Relationship-Marketing Goals Through Social Media: A Conceptual Model for Sport Marketers

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Sport industry marketers have long understood the importance of nurturing customer relationships. The new challenge is how best to face the shifts in customer relationship marketing posed by sports organizations and proactive consumers, or “prosumers.” In this article, the elements of the relationship-building process are presented with a focus on communication, interaction, and value, concepts identified in Gronroos’s (2004) relationship-marketing process model. An expanded version of Gronroos’s model is developed to include prosumers and to describe the interactions that occur through social-media exchanges. The value of specific social-media tools and Web 2.0 technologies in helping sport marketers meet their relationship-marketing goals is also discussed. Finally, directions for future research employing the expanded model are suggested.
Antioxidant activity of Refine-Flavonoids from Percarp of Garcinia mangostana L and its Application in Cigarette

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Through static/dynamic adsorption and desorption experiments,the sorption and desorption properties of four kinds of macroporous resins,including LSA-10,S-8,AAS,,XDA-1,for Garcinia mangostana L flavonoids were studied in this paper.The results showed that XDA-1 resin was preferable for separating flavonoids with the static absorption and dynamic sorption ratio being 89.17% and 92.28%,respectively.Antioxidant activities text showed that refined flavonoids have higher antioxidant activity.The refined flavonoids can be used to modify the smoke and reduce irritation in cigarette.
Response of a Viscous Liquid Column to Pitching‐ and Roll‐Excitation in Zero‐Gravity Environment

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The response of a viscous liquid column to pitching‐ and roll excitation has been determined. For a simplified analytical treatment the no‐slip condition at the top and the bottom of the liquid column has been abandoned in the pitching case. The responce of the free liquid surface displacement and the velocity distribution has been determined as a function of the reduced frequency Ωa 2 /v for various surface tension parameters σa/ϱv 2 . Due to viscosity the resonance amplitudes are finite and disappear for higher modes and shorter liquid bridges. The velocity distribution, effective moment of inertia and effective damping was obtained for the liquid in roll excitation.
Theodore Metochites on the Human Condition and the Decline of Rome: Semeioseis gnomikai 27–60

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A critical edition, with English translation and notes, of chapters 27–60 of the Semeioseis gnomikai (“Sententious notes”), a collection of 120 essays by the Byzantine statesman and scholar Theodore Metochites (1270–1332).\n\nThe edition is based on three manuscripts, which are briefly presented in the introduction. P (Par. gr. 2003, Paris) and M (Marc. gr. 532, Venice) were both written in the early fourteenth century; E (Scor. gr. 248, Escorial) is a sixteenth-century copy of M.\n\nAfter the edition, with accompanying English translation and notes, the book is concluded with a bibliography and three indexes: of quoted passages, Greek words, and Greek names.\n\nSeveral of the essays in this volume contain laments on the reduced state of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantium), and on the vicissitudes of human life and fortune. A group of short essays describe the pleasure of beholding Creation and one of the longest discusses the pros and cons of having been born, i.e. of life.
Three-Dimensional Simulation of the Methanation Process in a Circulating Fluidized-Bed Reactor

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the current work, a circulating fluidized-bed reactor for methanation was proposed and studied numerically. A three-dimensional (3D) model was built, and the model was validated with measurements in a lab-scale reactor. The operating behavior and influences of inlet gas velocity, mass inventory, and temperature on the performance of the circulating fluidized-bed reactor were obtained by numerical simulations. It turned out that the circulating fluidized bed can be used as a reactor for the methanation process, and products with a high fraction of CH4 were obtained at the outlet of the reactor. Increasing the solid inventory or circulating rate was beneficial for full conversion of reactants and the high selectivity of methane. Moreover, the temperature influenced the final products, and the reversible reaction and the water–gas shift reaction played an important role with higher temperatures. Finally, this work proved the feasibility and advantage of the circulating fluidized-bed reactor for the methanation process.
Biotechnology, GMOs and development - economic implications.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The practice of biotechnology in its varied forms, varying in style, substance and scale, reveals shared histories with the planet’s peoples and cultures in the developed and developing worlds. Biotechnology has a long history. Old as the growing of crops and the making of cheese and the production of wines, its practice has been described as one of the oldest professions in the world. Modern Biotechnology, in general, embraces more often the principles and practise of genetic engineering. Several other terms such as genetic engineering; genetic transformation; transgenic technology, recombinant DNA technology, and genetic modification (GM) technology have been used to describe the applications of this form of modern biotechnology.
The Source and the Course of the Articular Branches to the T4-T8 Zygapophysial Joints

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective To define the source and the course of the articular branches to the midthoracic zygapophysial (“z”) joints. Design Cadaveric dissection. Setting The Gross Anatomy Laboratory of the Duke University School of Medicine. Subjects Ten human cadaveric thoraces. Methods Gross and stereoscopic dissection of dorsal rami T4-T8 was performed bilaterally on 10 adult embalmed cadavers. The medial and lateral branches were traced to their origins from the dorsal rami, and the course of the articular nerves was documented through digital photography. Radio-opaque wire (20 gauge) was applied to the nerves. Fluoroscopic images were obtained to delineate their radiographic course with respect to osseous landmarks. Results Forty-eight inferior articular branches were identified. Three (6.3%) originated from the medial branch and 44 (91.7%) from the dorsal ramus. One was indeterminate. Fifty-one superior articular branches were identified. Eight (15.7%) originated from the medial branch and 43 (84.3%) from the dorsal ramus. In 12% of cases (6/50), there was side-to-side asymmetry in the origins of the articular branches. Nerves were commonly suspended in the intertransverse space. The articular branches contacted an osseous structure in only 39% of cases. As previously reported, a “descending branch” was not identified in any specimen. Conclusions Articular branches to the T4-T8 z-joints have substantial inter- and intraspecimen variability of origin. They typically arise from the dorsal ramus rather than the medial branch and frequently do not contact any osseous structure to allow percutaneous needle placement.
A Fusion Method Based on Physical Modes and Satellite Remote Sensing for 3D Ocean State Reconstruction

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Accurately and timely estimating three-dimensional ocean states is crucial for improving operational ocean forecasting capabilities. Although satellite observations provide valuable evolutionary information, they are confined to surface-level variables. While in situ observations can offer subsurface information, their spatiotemporal distribution is highly uneven, making it difficult to obtain complete three-dimensional ocean structures. This study developed an operational-oriented lightweight framework for three-dimensional ocean state reconstruction by integrating multi-source observations through a computationally efficient multivariate empirical orthogonal function (MEOF) method. The MEOF method can extract physically consistent multivariate ocean evolution modes from high-resolution reanalysis data. We utilized these modes to further integrate satellite remote sensing and buoy observation data, thereby establishing physical connections between the sea surface and subsurface. The framework was tested in the South China Sea, with optimal data integration schemes determined for different reconstruction variables. The experimental results demonstrate that the sea surface height (SSH) and sea surface temperature (SST) are the key factors determining the subsurface temperature reconstruction, while the sea surface salinity (SSS) plays a primary role in enhancing salinity estimation. Meanwhile, current fields are most effectively reconstructed using SSH alone. The evaluations show that the reconstruction results exhibited high consistency with independent Argo observations, outperforming traditional baseline methods and effectively capturing the vertical structure of ocean eddies. Additionally, the framework can easily integrate sparse in situ observations to further improve the reconstruction performance. The high computational efficiency and reasonable reconstruction results confirm the feasibility and reliability of this framework for operational applications.
The History of the Papacy in the XIXth Century. By Dr. Fredrik Nielsen, Bishop of Aalborg, and formerly Professor of Ecclesiastical History in the University of Copenhagen. Translated under the direction of Arthur James Mason, D.D., Master of Pembroke College, Cambridge. (London: John Murray; New York: E. P. Dutton and Company. 1906. Two vols., pp. xiii,. 378; 481.)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article The History of the Papacy in the XIXth Century. By Dr. Fredrik Nielsen, Bishop of Aalborg, and formerly Professor of Ecclesiastical History in the University of Copenhagen. Translated under the direction of Arthur James Mason, D.D., Master of Pembroke College, Cambridge. (London: John Murray; New York: E. P. Dutton and Company. 1906. Two vols., pp. xiii,. 378; 481.) Get access The History of the Papacy in the Xixth Century. By Dr. Nielsen Fredrik, Bishop of Aalborg, and formerly Professor of Ecclesiastical History in the University of Copenhagen. Translated under the direction of Arthur Mason James, D.D., Master of Pembroke College, Cambridge. (London: John Murray; New York: E. P. Dutton and Company. 1906. Two vols., pp. xiii, 378; 481.) R. M. Johnston R. M. Johnston Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 12, Issue 2, January 1907, Pages 377–379, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/12.2.377 Published: 01 January 1907
Applying new optimization algorithms to more predictive control

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The connections between optimization and control theory have been explored by many researchers and optimization algorithms have been applied with success to optimal control. The rapid pace of developments in model predictive control has given rise to a host of new problems to which optimization has yet to be applied. Concurrently, developments in optimization, and especially in interior-point methods, have produced a new set of algorithms that may be especially helpful in this context. In this paper, we reexamine the relatively simple problem of control of linear processes subject to quadratic objectives and general linear constraints. We show how new algorithms for quadratic programming can be applied efficiently to this problem. The approach extends to several more general problems in straightforward ways.
Supplementary Table S2_v1_0_20230226_13.xlsx from Domestication affects sex-biased gene expression evolution in the duck

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Genes with sex-biased expression are thought to underlie sexually dimorphic phenotypes and are therefore subject to different selection pressures in males and females. Many authors have proposed that sexual conflict leads to the evolution of sex-biased expression, which allows males and females to reach separate phenotypic and fitness optima. The selection pressures associated with domestication may cause changes in population architectures and mating systems, which in turn can alter their direction and strength. We compared sex-biased expression and genetic signatures in wild and domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), and observed changes of sexual selection and identified the genomic divergence affected by selection forces. The extent of sex-biased expression in both sexes is positively correlated with the level of both dN/dS and nucleotide diversity. This observed changing pattern may mainly be owing to relaxed genetic constraints. We also demonstrate a clear link between domestication and sex-biased evolutionary rate in a comparative framework. Decreased polymorphism and evolutionary rate in domesticated populations generally matched life-history phenotypes known to experience artificial selection. Taken together, our work suggests the important implications of domestication in sex-biased evolution and the roles of artificial selection and sexual selection for shaping the diversity and evolutionary rate of the genome.
The finite-difference vector beam propagation method: analysis and assessment

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The newly developed finite-difference vector beam propagation method (FD-VBPM) is analyzed and assessed for application to two-dimensional waveguide structures. The general formulations for the FD-VBPM are derived from the vector wave equations for the electric fields. The stability criteria, the numerical dissipation, and the dispersion of the finite-difference schemes are analyzed by applying the von Neumann method. Important issues regarding the implementation, such as the choice of reference refractive index, the application of numerical boundary conditions, and the use of numerical solution schemes, are discussed. The FD-VBPM is assessed by calculating the attenuation coefficients and the percentage errors of the propagation constants of the TE and TM modes of a step-index slab waveguide. Several salient features of the FD-VBPM are illustrated.< >
Multiple-Step Rectangular Horn with Two Orthogonal Sectoral Tapers for Elliptical Beam

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a new rectangular horn with two orthogonal multiple-step taper sections for obtaining a dual-polarized elliptical-beam. One of the sections has a stepwise sectoral taper configuration on both sidewalls that starts with a square waveguide feed and then the other is a taper one on both top and bottom walls toward the rectangular aperture. The proposed taper configuration is useful enough to control higher-order modes required for an elliptical beam and is so simple to apply optimization design based on mode-matching approach. As a design example, we present a rectangular horn with -10 dB beamwidth of 33° x 90° at 9.5-10.5 GHz. The effectiveness of the proposed horn is verified numerically and experimentally.
A modified Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score for dengue: development, evaluation and proposal for use in clinical trials

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dengue is a neglected tropical disease, for which no therapeutic agents have shown clinical efficacy to date. Clinical trials have used strikingly variable clinical endpoints, which hampers reproducibility and comparability of findings. We investigated a delta modified Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (delta mSOFA) score as a uniform composite clinical endpoint for use in clinical trials investigating therapeutics for moderate and severe dengue.We developed a modified SOFA score for dengue, measured and evaluated its performance at baseline and 48 h after enrolment in a prospective observational cohort of 124 adults admitted to a tertiary referral hospital in Vietnam with dengue shock. The modified SOFA score included pulse pressure in the cardiovascular component. Binary logistic regression, cox proportional hazard and linear regression models were used to estimate association between mSOFA, delta mSOFA and clinical outcomes.The analysis included 124 adults with dengue shock. 29 (23.4%) patients required ICU admission for organ support or due to persistent haemodynamic instability: 9/124 (7.3%) required mechanical ventilation, 8/124 (6.5%) required vasopressors, 6/124 (4.8%) required haemofiltration and 5/124 (4.0%) patients died. In univariate analyses, higher baseline and delta (48 h) mSOFA score for dengue were associated with admission to ICU, requirement for organ support and mortality, duration of ICU and hospital admission and IV fluid use.The baseline and delta mSOFA scores for dengue performed well to discriminate patients with dengue shock by clinical outcomes, including duration of ICU and hospital admission, requirement for organ support and death. We plan to use delta mSOFA as the primary endpoint in an upcoming host-directed therapeutic trial and investigate the performance of this score in other phenotypes of severe dengue in adults and children.
The Economic Characteristics of Small Craft Businesses in Rural Lowland Perthshire, c.1830–c.1900

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

A feature of Britain's industrialisation during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was the persistence of small-scale production and producers. In a variety of contexts small businesspeople had a striking presence in the local economy and society. However, relatively little is known about this sector of the business community. This paper describes the economic characteristics of micro-scale and small craft businesses in one area of rural lowland Scotland between c.1830 and c.1900. Issues examined include firm size, capital investment, profits, multiple business strategies, persistence rates, the independence of producers, and formal organisation among these small businesspeople. The micro and small-scale business sector in this area is found to share many of the characteristics of such groups in other contexts. An internal diversity was also found, with producers merging with the world of wage labour at one end of the spectrum and the ranks of established enterprise at the other. This feature was reflected in the social standing of the small businesspeople.
Squamous Cell Papilloma of the Stomach

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Kao-Chi Cheng , Shih-Wei Lai , Kuan-Fu Liao3,4 School of Medicine, China Medical University and 2 Taichung, Taiwan 3Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University and 4 Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan Benign tumors in the stomach are rare in comparison with stomach is a relatively rare benign tumor and only few case of squamous cell papilloma of the gastric cardia and also a Address correspondence to: Kuan-Fu Liao, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi General Hospital, No.66, Sec. 1, Fongsing Road, Tanzih Township, Taichung city, 427, Taiwan. Tel: 886-4-22062121 ext. 4507, Fax: 886-4-22033986, E-mail: kuanfuliao@yahoo.com.tw INTRODUCTION The incidence of gastric tumors varies, depending on geographical location and ethnic background Generally speaking, gastric adenocarcinoma is gastric tumors in the world, especially in many This suggests that the environmental and dietary factors are probably responsible with gastric cancer squamous cell papilloma (SCP) was usually noted in gastrointestinal system except the stomach and hard to distinguish from malignant tumor of the stomach benign tumors is characterized by a two stage model, including early lesions such as epithelial damage, hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis, and later stage such squamous-cell carcinoma literature, very rare case reports about squamous cell papilloma (SCP) of the stomach were found SCP of the stomach is a comparatively rare lesion and mentioned above and the fact that a benign tumor may take on malignant characteristics , we report a CASE REPORT gastro-duodenoscopy revealed an erosive and and abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed a papillary squamous epithelium with parakeratosis
An Economic Analysis of Production and Marketing of Ginger in Bilaspur District of Chhattisgarh, India

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study seeks to examine (i) the growth rate in area, production and productivity of ginger in Bilaspur district and Chhattisgarh State, (ii) costs and returns of ginger, (iii) disposal pattern of ginger in the study area and (iv) the major constraints in production and marketing of spices and suggest suitable measures to overcome them. The study was conducted in Gaurella and Pendra blocks of Bilaspur district of Chhattisgarh state. Total 50 farmers were considered for the study, which comprised of small (25), medium (20) and large (5). The Primary data were collected from the sample farmers through personal interview method. The data were pertaining for agricultural. The study envisaged that family size of sample farmers was 5.8 members. The average farm size was found to be 2.21 hectares. Overall cropping intensity was observed to be 184 percent. The average cost of cultivation of ginger was Rs/ha. 106368 and estimated gross return was Rs/ha 392123. The cost per quintal production of ginger was noticed to be Rs 983. The average yield of ginger was q 109 q/ha. The benefit cost ratio of ginger was registered to 1:2.67. There were two marketing channels for marketing of spices, viz., Channel-I: Producer – Consumer and Channel-II: Producer – Itinerant trader – Consumer. Among the sample ginger growers more than ninety five percent marketable surpluses were observed in ginger. The major constraints pertaining to cultivation of ginger were higher cost of labour, price of seed and fertilizer. Major constraints in marketing of ginger lack of storage facility, standardization and grading at grower level in the study hence, there is a need to bring mechanization in the production and post-harvest management of ginger.