jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Importance of Routine Measurement of HDL with Total Cholesterol in Diabetic Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia and the frequency of a reduced HDL-cholesterol (at different cholesterol concentrations) were evaluated in a group of 400 diabetic patients attending a single diabetic clinic. Despite regularly supervised diabetes, including dietary advice, over one quarter of the patients had a serum total cholesterol concentration > 6.5 mmol/1, while over a quarter of the non-insulin treated and one eighth of the insulin treated diabetic subjects had an HDL-cholesterol <0.9 mmol/1, with a greater prevalence in the males compared with the females. More than 60% of all the diabetic patients who had a reduced HDL-cholesterol <0.9 mmol/1 also had a total cholesterol concentration <6.5 mmol/1. When the total/HDL-cholesterol ratio was calculated more non-insulin treated subjects had a value >4.5 as compared with insulin treated diabetic patients. When comparisons were made between an age matched group of diabetic patients ( n=185) and a group of non-diabetic subjects attending for a health screen ( n=155), the frequencies of serum cholesterol concentrations greater than 5.2, 6.5, and 7.8 mmol/1 were similar for both groups. Significantly greater numbers of diabetic patients had a reduced HDL-cholesterol <0.9 mmol/1 (at any level of serum cholesterol) and a total/HDL cholesterol ratio >4.5. This study has shown that the measurement of serum total cholesterol concentration alone will not characterize many subjects who are at risk of macrovascular complications due to a reduced HDL-cholesterol. As serum cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol can both be measured in the non-fasting state, routine measurement of HDL-cholesterol together with total cholesterol should be undertaken in all diabetic subjects and in other patient groups at high risk of cardiovascular disease.
Cereal Aphid Capture in Yellow Baffle Trays1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Cereal Aphid Capture in Yellow Baffle Trays Get access B. F. Coon, B. F. Coon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. B. Rinick, Jr H. B. Rinick, Jr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 55, Issue 3, 1 June 1962, Pages 407–408, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/55.3.407 Published: 01 June 1962 Article history Accepted: 27 November 1961 Published: 01 June 1962
Sequence of a second human asialoglycoprotein receptor: conservation of two receptor genes during evolution.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The asialoglycoprotein (ASGP) receptor isolated from human liver and from the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 migrates on NaDodSO4 gel electrophoresis as a single species of 45,000 daltons. Recently, we isolated a cDNA clone encoding this receptor (H1) from a HepG2 lambda gt11 library. From the same library, we have isolated and sequenced a clone encoding a second ASGP receptor, H2, with a protein sequence homology of 58% to H1. There are two subspecies of H2 that differ only by the presence of a five-amino acid insertion in the COOH-terminal extracytoplasmic domain. Comparison with the available sequences of the two rat ASGP receptors R1 and R2 indicates that H1 is more homologous to R1 than to H2, and H2 is more similar to R2 than to H1. Thus, the two receptor genes evolved before the separation of rat and man. As judged by RNA blot hybridization of HepG2 RNA using RNA transcribed in vitro from cDNA clones of the human receptors as standards, H1 and H2 mRNA are present in equimolar amounts, each 0.005-0.01% of the total mRNA. This finding raises the question of whether the three ASGP receptor proteins are functional as heterodimers or whether they might serve different functions in the cell.
Human Gastric Organoid-Derived Mucus Shares Key Properties with Native Gastric Mucus and Inhibits Motility of Helicobacter pylori

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To prevent and treat gastric disease caused by Helicobacter pylori, it is crucial to understand the role of the stomach’s first line of defense: the gastric mucus layer. Gastric mucus is a complex hydrogel that has been studied extensively in animal models, and multiple groups have collected and purified porcine gastric mucus to yield pure solutions of mucin proteins. However, purified mucin—the functional viscoelastic component of mucus—cannot accurately recapitulate the molecular complexity of mucus in its entirety since it lacks salts, lipids, electrolytes, and other proteins. Additionally, access to human samples for functional analyses remains a critical barrier to mucus research. Therefore, the objective of this study was to engineer sterile human gastric mucus in vitro to evaluate its translational potential to native mucus (NM), for further study of interactions between mucus and H. pylori bacteria. In vivo, H. pylori use flagellar motility to traverse the mucus layer and colonize the underlying epithelium. We hypothesize that the microarchitecture and gel-forming capacity of our lab-grown mucus (LGM) significantly restrict H. pylori motility. Inspired by previous studies, we developed and optimized a protocol for the in vitro production of sterile LGM using epithelial monolayers derived from human gastric organoids and cultured at an air-liquid interface. This mucus could be easily harvested and did not require purification or processing. Additionally, mucus production was maintained for over one month, demonstrating the robustness of our culture system. Mass spectrometry and size exclusion chromatography revealed that the LGM has a molecular composition similar to that of native mucus. Further, we have confirmed with cryo-scanning electron microscopy that the LGM has a characteristic honeycomb structure with similar pore size distributions to those found in native mucus. Rheometric frequency sweeps demonstrated comparable, predominantly elastic gel behavior in both LGM and NM samples. Acid flow experiments in a 2D Hele Shaw cell have also demonstrated that LGM enables viscous fingering—a previously studied hydrodynamic phenomenon typical of mucus gels that is thought to be involved in gastric acid transport mechanisms in vivo. Finally, live imaging and particle tracking were used to quantify the motility of H. pylori in the LGM. Compared to liquid media, the LGM caused a significant decrease in H. pylori swimming speed. Overall, our human gastric lab-grown mucus recapitulates key functions of native mucus and will enable future investigations into gastric mucus pathophysiology and H. pylori infection. NIH Grants: R01 GM131408-01 & UL1 TR002319. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Thomas Heine Nielsen, Olympia and the Classical Hellenic City-State Culture

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Cet intéressant petit ouvrage a été conçu dans l’orbe du Copenhague Polis Center. Un détail le confirme : chaque fois que le nom d’une cité apparaît dans le texte, il est suivi de son numéro d’ordre dans le classement du célèbre centre danois de recherche sur la cité… Au-delà de l’anecdote, l’exploitation qui est ici faite des acquis des travaux patronnés par Mogens Hansen aboutit à une synthèse, brève mais efficace, sur l’importance d’Olympie comme centre d’interaction entre les cités grecqu...
Coated pits and vesicles in the osteoclast.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The osteoclast is a cell with a phagocytic ability not dissimilar to the macrophage. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which it resorbs bone are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to examine the distribution of coated membrane structures in the osteoclast in order to gain further information about endocytosis in this cell. Osteoclasts around the developing tooth germs of young rats were examined using transmission electron microscopy, and immunocytochemistry. Results showed that previously described coated membrane structures within the ruffled border do not appear to be associated with coated pits or vesicles. Coated pits were, however, evident on the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the cell, particularly opposite the clear zone areas. Immunogold staining for clathrin confirmed that coated pits and vesicles are absent within both the clear zone and ruffled border areas, but present on the lateral and dorsal surfaces of the actively resorbing cell. It is suggested that clathrin-associated receptor-mediated endocytosis occurs along the lateral and dorsal surfaces of the osteoclast for the uptake of nutrients and macromolecules, while endocytosis of bone mineral by the ruffled border is mediated by a non-clathrin associated coated membrane structure.
The postoperative progression of OPLL in the cervical spine.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ninety-four patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) in the cervical spine who had been treated operatively were evaluated clinically and radiologically. Anterior fusion, laminectomy, cervical enlargement surgery was carried out on 33 cases, 18 cases, 43 cases respectively. Radiological progression of OPLL was seen in 36% of anterior fusion, 100% of laminectomy, 81% of enlargement. In the postoperative evaluation, anterior fusion was found to be effective in 64%, laminectomy 61%, and enlargement 70%. There was no obvious correlation between post-operative result and progression of OPLL after operation.
Europe 2020 Implementation as Driver of Economic Performance and Competitiveness. Panel Analysis of CEE Countries

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The Europe 2020 strategy is the EU strategy for sustainable and inclusive growth, for fighting the structural weaknesses of the European economies, and for improving their competitiveness. In this paper, we determined the most important ratios of the Europe 2020 Strategy impacting on economic performance expressed as the growth of the GDP per capita, and on economic competitiveness expressed as the share of the countries’ exports in total world exports for some selected Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries (Poland, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Romania) using co-integration tests and OLS panel estimations with a dataset between 2004 (after four of these selected countries acceded to EU) and 2015 (the latest available data for all the ratios we used in our analysis). Our findings show that the tertiary level of education is the most important factor, positively correlated with both endogenous variables mentioned above. Other important factors for achieving the economic performance and competitiveness goals are the school dropout ratio, the share of renewable energy in final energy consumption, and the employment rate.
The Effects of White Noise on Agitated Behaviors, Mental Status, and Activities of Daily Living in Older Adults With Dementia

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Background: The aging of society is a global trend, and care of older adults with dementia is an urgent challenge. As dementia progresses, patients exhibit negative emotions, memory disorders, sleep disorders, and agitated behavior. Agitated behavior is one of the most difficult problems for family caregivers and healthcare providers to handle when caring for older adults with dementia. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of white noise in improving agitated behavior, mental status, and activities of daily living in older adults with dementia. Methods: An experimental research design was used to study elderly participants two times (pretest and posttest). Six dementia care centers in central and southern Taiwan were targeted to recruit participants. There were 63 participants: 28 were in the experimental group, and 35 were in the comparison group. Experimental group participants received 20 minutes of white noise consisting of ocean, rain, wind, and running water sounds between 4 and 5 p.m. daily over a period of 4 weeks. The comparison group received routine care. Questionnaires were completed, and observations of agitated behaviors were collected before and after the intervention. Results: Agitated behavior in the experimental group improved significantly between pretest and posttest. Furthermore, posttest scores on the Mini-Mental Status Examination and Barthel Index were slightly better for this group than at pretest. However, the experimental group registered no significant difference in mental status or activities of daily living at posttest. For the comparison group, agitated behavior was unchanged between pretest and posttest. Conclusions: The results of this study support white noise as a simple, convenient, and noninvasive intervention that improves agitated behavior in older adults with dementia. These results may provide a reference for related healthcare providers, educators, and administrators who care for older adults with dementia.
Testing Slope Homogeneity in Large Panels

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a modified version of Swamy’s test of slope homogeneity for panel data models where the cross section dimension (N) could be large relative to the time series dimension (T). We exploit the cross section dispersion of individual slopes weighted by their relative precision. Using Monte Carlo experiments, we show that the test has the correct size and satisfactory power in panels with strictly exogenous regressors for various combinations of N and T. For autoregressive (AR) models the test performs well for moderate values of the root of the autoregressive process, but with roots near unity a bias-corrected bootstrapped version performs well even if N is large relative to T. The cross section dispersion tests are used to test the homogeneity of slopes in autoregressive models of individual earnings using the PSID data and show statistically significant evidence of slope heterogeneity in the earnings dynamics.
Determination of argon-41 production at the Texas A and M Nuclear Science Center reactor

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Accountability of the potential sources of Argon-41 was performed at the NSC Research Reactor with production levels and release rates determined under various conditions. The reactor pool was found to be the major source accounting for more than 95% of the total production or about 7.6 Ci/yr. The irradiation cell produces about .25 Ci/yr., with approximately 80% from steady state operation and 20% from pulsing. Some leakage from the cell with the exhaust off was observed, but it was shown that the argon could be held in the cell with the cell exhaust off without exceeding established MPC levels. With the cell exhaust on, an equilibrium release rate of 82 {mu}Ci/min. was measured at 100 Kw steady state. The pneumatic system contributes about .085 Ci/yr., mostly from the initial firings. Examination of beam port 1, revealed a high equilibrium release rate of .9 {mu}Ci/min. at 1 Mw, but a total yearly contribution of only .03 Ci/hr. due to infrequent usage. The 'dry tube' showed no appreciable contribution to argon production at the Center. These measurements allowed suggestions to be made on reduction methods and areas for further study. (author)
Study of photoinduced electron transfer in fluorescent nucleobase analogues (FBAs) and DNA photolyase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Photoinduced electron transfer (PET) plays a crucial role in a wide array of biological pathways. These electron transfer reactions happen from or to the excited state of a chromophore upon absorption of light. Hence understanding the properties of excited states is necessary in elucidating the details of such pathways. The work presented in this thesis deals with PET in two systems: Fluorescent Nucleobase Analogues (FBAs) and DNA photolyase. The introductory chapter (Chapter 1) presents some background information about the two systems and sets up the stage for the reasoning behind the problems addressed in this thesis. FBAs are fluorescent analogues of naturally occurring, weakly fluorescent native nucleic acid bases. When incorporated into single stranded (ss) or double stranded (ds) DNA, the FBA fluorescence is significantly quenched. PET has been implicated to be the cause for the observed quenching. Here we have presented our attempt to correlate the quenching behavior of free FBA: nucleic acid monophosphate (NMP) pairs with the free energies associated with excited state electron transfer delta GET. Based on the delta GET values, we have tried to assign the direction of electron transfer. The quenching behavior of the FBA:NMP pairs were studied through Stern-Volmer (SV) quenching and time-resolved fluorescence studies. The above described analysis has been applied on FBAs: 4-amino-6-methyl-8-(2'-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-7(8H)-pteridone (6MAP), 4-amino - 2, 6 - dimethyl - 8 - (2'-deoxy-beta-d-ribofuranosyl) -7(8H) - pteridone (DMAP), 3-methyl-8-(2'-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl) isoxanthopterin (3MI) and 6-Methyl-8-(2'-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl) isoxanthopterin (6MI) (Chapter 3), 2-Aminopurine (2AP) (Chapter 4), 8-Vinyl Adenosine (8VA) (Chapter 5). The final part of this thesis (Chapter 6) is on understanding the mechanistic details of a DNA repair process that is due to photoinduced electron transfer in DNA photolyase, a flavoprotein. Before the electron reaches the damaged site in the DNA, the initial electron acceptor in this repair process has been speculated to be the adenine of the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). We have tested this hypothesis by measuring and comparing the various kinetic parameters associated with this process by reconstituting into apo-photolyase the natural cofactor of photolyase (FAD) and an adenine modified flavin (Etheno FAD, epsilon FAD).
Warcdealer pack 2016-09-29-22-06-06-081009543-2b303230300a-98ed8b15-eeed-46b9-b8c9-0552f82066f4

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

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The Evolution of Tax Morale in Turkey

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The aim of the study is to examine the evolution of tax morale in Turkey within a 22-year period. The data obtained from the World Values Survey were evaluated in the Stata 13 statistics package program. As a result of the analyses through ordered probit models, it was observed that the level of tax morale had changed over the course of time. Tax morale level was lower between 2007 and 2012 than in the year 1990. In addition, the research findings indicate that levels of confidence in bureaucracy and financial satisfaction levels have an effect on tax morale. According to estimated results, confidence in the government, as well as the importance of religion and national pride, all have a significantly positive effect on tax morale. The results of the study show that governments and policy makers must pay more attention to the tax morale issue in order to increase tax revenues along with tax compliance.
Statute of limitation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The chapters on the single articles of the Council of Europe (CoE) Istanbul Convention (here article 58) provide an overview of the main content of the provisions, referring to the explanatory report, to GREVIO baseline and evaluation reports, to relevant State practice, to jurisprudence of international, regional and domestic courts, as well as to the quasi-jurisprudence of human rights treaty-bodies. They refer where appropriate to other international documents, such as the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) and its general recommendations; the Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women, known as the Belém do Pará Convention. Reference is frequently made to the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights, that is moving towards an interpretation of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) in light of the rules contained in the Istanbul Convention.
The dynamics of continuous improvement

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Examines the literature to identify the essential components of kaizen or continuous improvement programmes. Relying on published sources on the North American experience with continuous improvement, also tries to identify organizational structures and practices likely to lead to successful implementation of such programmes. Distinguishes between kaizen and more radical, “strategic leap” improvement approaches, and describes the North American record of success with continuous improvement programmes. An emergent theme is that success with continuous improvement requires a wide array of systems, processes, and orientations to be congruent within the organization. Argues that the study of when, how, and why kaizen succeeds is by no means complete, and proposes a set of open research questions whose investigation is likely to be useful to both scholars and practitioners. Finally, discusses some of the ways in which the existing literature can be immediately useful for practice in organizations.
Inhibitor of growth protein 3 epigenetically silences endogenous retroviral elements and prevents innate immune activation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are subject to transcriptional repression in adult tissues, in part to prevent autoimmune responses. However, little is known about the epigenetic silencing of ERV expression. Here, we describe a new role for inhibitor of growth family member 3 (ING3), to add to an emerging group of ERV transcriptional regulators. Our results show that ING3 binds to several ERV promoters (for instance MER21C) and establishes an EZH2-mediated H3K27 trimethylation modification. Loss of ING3 leads to decreases of H3K27 trimethylation enrichment at ERVs, induction of MDA5-MAVS-interferon signaling, and functional inhibition of several virus infections. These data demonstrate an important new function of ING3 in ERV silencing and contributing to innate immune regulation in somatic cells.