jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
In vitro Incorporation of the Palmitoyl Residue from [1-14C] Palmitoyl-CoA into Pyrophosphatidic Acid in Yeast Cell Free Homogenates

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A study was made of the incorporation of 14C-radioactivity from [1-14C] palmitoyl-CoA into pyrophosphatidic acid and other glycerophospholipids using cell free homogenates of yeasts (Rhodotorula rubra and Saccharomyces cerevisiae).Substantial uptake of radioactivity into pyrophosphatidic acid and other glycerophospholipids was observed at pH. 7. 2 in the presence of a small amount of detergent (Triton X-100).The radioactivity of pyrophosphatidic acid was distributed entirely on the acyl chain portions.Radioactive fatty acyl derivatives from 14C-labeled pyrophosphatidic acid were characterized as palmitic acid by argentation thin layer chromatography and reverse phase thin layer chromatography conducted in conjunction. Nearly all the 14C-labeled fatty acyl groups of pyrophosphatidic acid were esterified to sn-1 and sn-1' of the glycerol backbone.The above results clearly show that the acyl groups of pyrophosphatidic acid appear to be metabolized in vivo through common deacylation-reacylation systems similarly to other glycerophospholipids in Rh. rubra and Sacch. cerevisiae.
Psychopharmacology Review for Eating Disorders Among Children, Adolescents, and Adults

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This article reviews the latest research on pharmacological management of eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge-eating disorder (BED), and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder. Recent literature for both youth and adult populations obtained through a PubMed search was included. American Psychiatric Association guidelines, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines, Canadian practice guidelines, and World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry guidelines were also included. First-line recommendations were focused on therapy because the evidence for medication management of eating disorders continues to be limited. Some limited evidence was found for antipsychotic use for AN, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and topiramate use for BN, and stimulant and topiramate use for BED. Further medication trials are needed to help with complex eating disorder presentations in adults and youth.
The Circuit Rider Dismounts: A Social History of Southern Methodism, 1865-1900

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Circuit Rider Dismounts: A Social History of Southern Methodism, 1865–1900. By Hunter D. Farish. (Richmond: Dietz Press, 1938. xii + 400 pp. Illustrations, bibliography, and appendix. $5.00.) V. Alton Moody V. Alton Moody Iowa State College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 26, Issue 3, December 1939, Pages 434–435, https://doi.org/10.2307/1916503 Published: 01 December 1939
Metabolic Networks, Thermodynamic Constraints, and Matroid Theory

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Biological experiments are time-consuming and expensive. Hence, computer-aided experimental design is used more and more often to select those experiments that are likely to yield new insights. In this work I consider variants of the constraint based method Flux Balance Analysis. Constraints are used to exclude biologically unrealistic phenotypes. Many constraints (for example flow conservation) can be formulated using linear inequalities, which allows efficient analysis using linear programming. Thermodynamic constraints are used to include also energetic aspects. However, thermodynamic constraints are not linear and induce a non-closed solution space. In this work I show that this non-linearity of thermodynamic constraints often leads to NP-hard decision problems. I show how this has consequences on the reliability of sampling methods. However, I also present solution approaches that allow us to solve optimization problems and qualitative analysis methods, like flux coupling analysis with thermodynamic constraints efficiently in practice. These insights I then use to develop a bi-level optimization method to analyze a growth behavior of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Another area covered by this work are flux modules. Based on a work by Kelk et al., I give a mathematical definition of flux module and show that this definition satisfies the desired properties. This definition also allows me to show several decomposition theorems. These decomposition theorems simplify the analysis of metabolic networks. Using matroid theory I show how modules can efficiently be computed. With the definition of k-module, I also show a decomposition theorem for general polyhedra using the concept of matroid branch-width. With flux modules and algorithmic approaches to also include complex constraints I present methods in this thesis that simplify and speed- up the analysis of metabolic networks. This allows us to gain biological insights faster and develop better methods for the production of bio-fuels in bio-engineering and cancer therapies in medicine.
Noninvasive glucometer model using partial least square regression technique for human blood matrix

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this article, we have highlighted the partial least square regression (PLSR) model to predict the glucose level in human blood by considering only five variants. The PLSR model is experimentally validated for the 13 templates samples. The root mean square error analysis of design model and experimental sample is found to be satisfactory with the values of 3.459 and 5.543, respectively. In PLSR templates design is a critical issue for the number of variants participating in the model. Ensemble consisting of five major variants is simulated to replicate the signatures of these constituents in the human blood, i.e., alanine, urea, lactate, glucose, and ascorbate. Multivariate system using PLSR plays important role in understanding chemometrics of such ensemble. The resultant spectra of all these constituents are generated to create templates for the PLSR model. This model has potential scope in designing a near-infrared spectroscopy based noninvasive glucometer.
Family Poverty, Unemployment Rates, and AFDC Payments: Trends among Blacks and Whites

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The author examines the relationships among the value of AFDC payments, unemployment rates, and family relationships in black and white poor families between 1973 and 1988. The study found that more American families became poor while AFDC payments were reduced in value, suggesting that reducing AFDC had little effect as a prod to remove American families from poverty. The study also showed that declines in poverty accompanied decreasing unemployment rates throughout the 1980s. The author argues that a more productive approach to addressing poverty revolves less around manipulating AFDC incentives as a means of welfare reform and more around reaffirming government's role in the economy. Industrial policy and welfare reform are discussed.
Why Is HLA-C Less Immunogenic than HLA-A and -B?

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

In solid organ transplantation only scarce information is available on the role of HLA-C mismatches in unsensitized patients waiting for a first transplant. The third MHC locus is possibly a duplication of HLA-B and has all characteristics of a major histocompatibility antigen: it can present peptides to T cells and acts as a ligand for NK cells (v. Bergen et al AJT 2011). Very few alloantisera are reported to be specific for HLA-C, suggesting a lower immunogenicity compared to HLA-A and HLA-B. This may partly be explained by the lower expression of HLA-C on the cell surface. We questioned whether from the immunogenicity point of view HLA-C also differs from HLA-A and B with respect to the induction of alloantibody responses. For this purpose we selected from our local population all HLA-A,B,C,DR,DQ phenotypes which occurred at least twice and calculated the mean triplet incompatibilities (TRPI) using HLAMatchmaker of 77 HLA antigens simulating the situation in which these would have been a single mismatch in solid organ transplantation. The mean TRPI for HLA-A was 5.2 vs. 3.95 for HLA-B and 2.4 for HLA-C (p< 0.001). In a second approach we divided HLA-B in Bw4 and Bw6 and HLA-C in C1 and C2 on basis of their function as NK cell ligands. This analysis showed the following descending order in terms of TRPI: Bw4 (5.3)>A (5.2)>C2 (3.6)>Bw6 (3.1)>C1 (1.5). As our previous studies showed a direct link between the number of TRPI and alloantibody production after graft loss it is to be expected that HLA-A and HLA-B mismatches, have a higher chance to induce alloantibody production than HLA-C mismatches. Within the different subtypes of HLA-C the C2 NK ligand group of antigens seems to be of higher immunogenicity than the C1 group.
Helping Plants Fight Back Against Pests and Diseases

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Feeding the world’s growing population is a huge task, made even more challenging by pests and diseases that threaten crops. For years, pesticides and other chemical treatments have been the common solution, but these chemicals can be dangerous for the environment, and they have been used so much that many of them no longer work well. The world needs a better solution. Fortunately, plants have natural defenses against pests and diseases. Through a process called induced resistance (IR), plants can “ramp up” these defenses, making them stronger in the face of multiple threats. Researchers are exploring ways to activate IR in healthy plants to protect them against future dangers. This fascinating strategy could help to reduce pesticide use—a win-win situation for both farmers and the environment! In this article, we will explain the natural defenses of plants, describe why IR might be a great way to protect crops, and discuss the scientific challenges still to be faced on the path to sustainable farming.
Analysis of Lateral Maneuver‐Induced Lift Loss of Navy Fighter/Attack Aircraft During Approach to Carrier

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The purpose of this analysis was to provide guidance to designers of future tactical Navy aircraft on one aspect of carrier suitability that has contributed to the operational success of the F‐14 and F/A‐18 in carrier operations. Specifically, the ability of both of these aircraft to perform aggressive lateral maneuvers to capture desired glide path, without excessive altitude loss, has contributed to the favorable carrier suitability characteristics of each aircraft. The intent of this analysis was to quantify lift and altitude loss for the F‐14 and F/A‐18 due to lateral maneuvers in the lineup correction task, and determined the causes and components of the lift loss. A secondary intent was to determine whether the amount of lift loss due to lateral maneuvers was a good indicator of an aircraft's ability to execute precise flight path control with minimum pilot workload. Twenty‐six offline simulations of F‐14B and F/A‐18C aircraft, conducted at Manned Flight Simulator at the Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division in Patuxent River, MD, provided the raw data for the analysis. Results and conclusions on the causes and components of lift loss and subsequent altitude loss associated with the 26 simulations were drawn, and where applicable, comparisons between F‐14 and F/A‐18 were made.
Implementasi Budaya Organisasi Dalam Peningkatan Kinerja Pegawai di Kantor Pencarian dan Pertolongan (BASARNAS) Kelas B Nias

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to analyze the implementation of organizational culture in improving employee performance at the Nias Class B Search and Rescue Office (BASARNAS). Organizational culture plays a crucial role in shaping employee behavior, motivation, and productivity, especially in public service institutions such as BASARNAS. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis related to organizational culture at BASARNAS Class B Nias. The main respondents were BASARNAS employees and management, selected by purposive sampling. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of organizational culture at BASARNAS Class B Nias has a positive impact on employee performance. A strong organizational culture, especially one that emphasizes values ​​such as cooperation, responsibility, and innovation, is a determining factor in creating a conducive work environment. The active involvement of management in promoting and maintaining the culture also plays a vital role in increasing employee morale and dedication. However, this study also identified several challenges in implementing organizational culture, including resistance to change from some employees and the incompatibility of cultural values ​​with local characteristics. Therefore, this study provides strategic recommendations to improve the effectiveness of organizational culture implementation, such as developing training programs, communicating cultural values ​​more effectively, and strengthening collaboration between management and employees.
Analytical Method Validation and Monitoring of Pesticide Residues in Animal Feeds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

사료의 안전성은 우리가 먹는 축산식품 및 그 가공품의 안전성과 직결된다. 따라서 이 연구의 목적은 1) 사료 중 관리대상 농약의 동시분석법을 확립하고, 2) 국내외 사료 중 농약 잔류실태를 조사하여 원료부터의 축산식품의 안전성을 확보하고자 하였다. 농약 잔류실태 조사를 위해 국내 유통 사료 126점을 수거하였고, 농약잔류허용기준이 설정된 농약 121성분 중 동시분석이 가능한 105성분에 대해 분석법을 확립한 후 농약 잔류실태를 조사하였다. 농약 잔류실태 조사 결과에 따르면, 126점의 사료 중 106점(84.1%)이 불검출이었고, 20점(15.9%)에서 7성분이 농약잔류허용기준 이내로 검출되었다. 검출빈도가 높은 농약으로는 각각 5점에서 검출된 pirimiphos-methyl과 cyproconazole이었다. 이 밖에도 propiconazole, azoxystrobin, tricyclazole 등이 검출되었다. 이 결과들은 2015년 국내 유통 사료가 잔류허용기준 이하로 안전하게 관리되고 있음을 보여준다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 사료의 안전성 강화 및 불량사료 원천차단을 위해 지속적인 잔류 실태조사가 필요하다. Safe animal feed is important for the health of animals, the environment and for the safety of foods of animal origin. Therefore, the aims of this study were: 1) to validate simultaneous analytical method and 2) to investigate the amount of pesticide residues in animal feed from Republic of Korea as a part of official control. A total of 126 samples were collected in 2015 and analyzed for 105 pesticides. According to pesticides monitoring result, no residue was found in 84.1% of the samples, whereas 15.9% of samples contained pesticide residues below the maximum residue limits (MRLs). Pirimiphos-methyl and cyproconazole were the two most frequently found pesticides. The results show that all commercial feed monitored in 2015 were safe under the Korean MRL and occurrence of pesticide residues in animal feed could not be considered serious threats to human and animal health. However, continuous monitoring with tighter regulation for pesticide residues in animal feed is recommended.
Dissecting the roles of individual interactions in protein stability: Lessons from a circularized protein

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract A circular form of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) has been prepared by introducing a peptide bond between the N‐ and C‐termini, which are in close proximity in the native conformation. The pathway and energetics of the disulphide‐coupled folding transition of the circular protein have been studied using methods applied previously to the unmodified protein. The cross‐link between the termini was found not to significantly stabilize the native state in spite of the expected reduction in entropy of the unfolded protein. This unexpected result has led to a reexamination of the stabilization expected from a cross‐link, considering effects on the native, as well as unfolded, states of the protein. The greatest stabilization is expected when the cross‐linked groups are held rigidly in the native protein in the optimum orientation for forming the cross‐link. Similar analyses, utilizing thermodynamic cycles, can be applied to other interactions that stabilize native proteins, including disulphide bonds, salt bridges, and hydrogen bonds and to modifications to the protein that remove them. In general, the contribution of an individual interaction to the stability of the native state depends on the extent to which the interaction is favored in the native conformation, which can vary greatly depending on the local environment of the interacting groups.
Kuşadası’ndaki tüketicilerin organik tavuk ve süt için fiyat primlerinin tahmini.

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study is to examine the consumer perceptions of consumers for organic foods and as well as finding their willingness to pay for organic chicken and milk. To this end, the econometric analysis is conducted by using double bounded dichotomous choice contingent valuation method along with a double bounded logit model. The data is created by conducting face to face surveys with a total of 720 people for chicken and milk cases on July, August and the first two weeks of September in Kuşadası. In the survey, both socio-demographic variables and habitual variables are utilized. In order to decide on the best models, correlations between the variables are taken into consideration and Akaike Information Criteria is minimized by dropping the most insignificant variables step by step. As the results show that, organic chicken consumers are generally females with an older age and children. Having a higher income, knowledge about foods and the prior consumption of organic foods is decisive on the willingness to pay. In the milk case, people with a younger age and no children are willing to pay more for organic milk, except that pensioners are willing to pay more for organic milk. Again knowledge on food and food security, and prior consumption of organic foods positively affects the willingness to pay for organic milk.
Centrin:  Its Secondary Structure in the Presence and Absence of Cations

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Centrin is a low molecular mass (20 kDa) protein that belongs to the EF-hand superfamily of calcium-binding proteins. Local and overall changes were investigated for interactions between cations and Chlamydomonas centrin using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and circular dichroic (CD) spectroscopies. FT-IR spectral features studied included the amide I' band and the side-chain absorbances for aspartate residues located almost exclusively at the calcium-binding sites in the spectral region of 1700-1500 cm(-1). The amide I' band is exquisitely sensitive to changes in protein secondary structure and is observed to shift from 1626.5 to 1642.7 cm(-1) in the presence and absence of calcium. These spectral bands are complex and were further studied using two-dimensional Fourier transform infrared (2D-FT-IR) correlation along with curve-fitting routines. Using these methods the secondary structure contributions were determined for holocentrin and apocentrin. The alpha-helical content in centrin was determined to be 60%-53% in the presence and absence of cations, respectively. Furthermore, the beta-strand content was determined to be 12%-36%, while the random coil component remained almost constant at 7%-13.5% in the presence and absence of cations, respectively. Changes in the side-chain band are mostly due to the monodentate coordination of aspartate to the cation. A shift of approximately 4 cm(-1) (for the COO- antisymmetric stretch in Asp) from 1565 to 1569 cm(-1) is observed for apocentrin and holocentrin, respectively. Thermal dependence revealed reversible conformational transition temperatures for apocentrin at 37 degrees C and holocentrin at 45 degrees C, suggesting greater stability for holocentrin.
Feeding the Brethren: Grain Provisioning of Norwich Cathedral Priory, c. 1280-1370

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The present dissertation attempts to follow and analyze each and every individual \nstage of food provisioning of a late medieval monastic community. \nChapter One is an introductory survey, describing the topic, its status quaestionis, \nproblems and methodology. \nChapter Two establishes the geography of crops in the rural hinterland of \nNorwich, with each manor specializing in different crop. A close analysis of the crop \ngeography partially supports the Von Thünen thesis. \nChapter Three looks at the agricultural trends of the demesnes. Roughly speaking, \nthe period between c. 1290 and 1370 was a history of wheat’s expansion at the expense \nof rye, on the one hand, and legume shrinkage at the expense of grazing land. \nChapter Four discusses annual grain acquisition, its components and disposal. It \nshows that about eighty per cent of the total supply derived from harvest, while the \nremainder came in form of tithes, grants and purchases. \nChapter Five deals with the human and equine interaction. The bovine population \nwas certainly dominant, but the draught horses easily outnumbered the oxen. Each year,the Priory authorities saved a great deal of money, because of (virtually) free customary \ncarting service. \nChapter Six explores the space for storing and processing of the annual grain \nsupply. The five adjacent buildings, namely the Great Granary, brewery, bakery, mill and \nstaples, allowed most effective cooperation between dozens of Priory labourers working \nin victual departments, on the one hand, and decreased transportation costs. \nChapter Seven attempts to establish the relation between the Priory population, its \nannual grain supply and demand. Conversion of the grain into approximate calorific and \nfinancial equivalent reveals that the supply must have exceeded the demand. \nChapter Eight is deals with the actual consumption of the grain supply. As far as \nNorwich monks are concerned, their annual bread and ale supply has certainly exceeded \ntheir normal requirements and there is no hint about selling the surplus. Joining the bread \nand ale accounts with those of the cellar, we arrive at astonishing calorific figures. \nChapter Nine discusses the charity activities of Norwich Priory, particularly \nconnected to the distribution of bread and ale among the needy. There were three \ndistinctive groups: hermits, prisoners and paupers. According to almoner’s accounts, the \nPriory allocated generous sums of loaves and ale to the paupers.
At a Glance Sistem Kardiovaskular Ed. 3

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Anatomi dan Histologi
darah dan Cairan Tubuh
Fisiologi Selular
Bentuk dan Fungsi
Integrasi dan Regulasi
Anamnesis, pemeriksaan Fisik, dan Pemeriksaan Penunjang
PAtologi dan Terapeutik
Studi Kasus untuk Penilaian Mandiri
An algorithm for SVC bitstream allocation by a smart adaptor

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we use the SVC standard to design an automatic decision-making mechanism that will determine the most appropriate allocation of a multi-layer video bitstream and generate a bitstream extraction signal in accordance with the state of the bitstream parameters. It can also use an extractor to perform bitstream extraction and allocation, and employs non-uniform cutting instead of the SVC standard's uniform cutting, which yields better video bitstream quality. The mechanism can consequently be applied to future online video streaming in order to achieve a high quality, low bit rate effect.
Density of Infimum-Stable Convex Cones

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

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