jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Activity and stability of enzyme immobilized with ionic liquid based polymer materials

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Enzyme immobilization methods are continuously being developed for a wide range of applications including biocatalysis and biotransformation. Compared to other immobilization methods, physical entrapment into a matrix is relatively simple and inexpensive, and causes a relatively small perturbation to the native enzyme structure and function. However, significant enzyme leaching from such biocatalytic polymers is the main constraint in using them for industrial levels. This study reports an ionic liquid (IL) polymer materials incorporating enzymes that can be used as active, stable and reusable biocatalysts to overcome the limitations. Lipase was microencapsulated in surfactant aggregates formed in an IL monomer or the solution of an IL monomer/IL and then incorporated into polymer frameworks through the free radical polymerization of an IL (1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide ([veim][Tf2N]). The activity, stability and reusability of IL polymer materials containing lipase were evaluated using lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl butyrate (p-PNB) as a model reaction. It was found that lipase IL polymer materials exhibited excellent stability in aqueous solutions. More importantly, these biopolymer materials retained most of their activity after six reaction cycles. We firmly believe that enzyme containing IL polymeric materials developed in this study will provide several advantages over conventional polymer based methods for diverse enzymatic reactions.
Streptococcus salivarius Promotes Mucin Putrefaction and Malodor Production by Porphyromonas gingivalis

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Although the contribution of the oral microbiota to oral malodor is well-documented, the potential role of Gram-positive micro-organisms is unclear. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that Gram-positive micro-organisms contribute to malodor production by deglycosylating oral glycoproteins, rendering them susceptible to subsequent proteolysis. To this end, we examined the effect of Streptococcus salivarius on Porphyromonas gingivalis-mediated putrefaction of a model glycoprotein (pig gastric mucin). Malodor was scored by two odor judges, and volatile sulfides were determined with the use of a sulfide monitor. Mucin degradation was followed by electrophoresis on SDS-PAGE. Results showed that the addition of S. salivarius or β-galactosidase promoted mucin degradation and concomitant malodor production. Addition of glycosidic inhibitors (p-APTG and glucose) inhibited this process. These results suggest that Gram-positive micro-organisms such as S. salivarius contribute to oral malodor production by deglycosylating salivary glycoproteins, thus exposing their protein core to further degradation by Gram-negative micro-organisms.
Bifurcation and Stability of the Flexible Rotor-bearing System with Rub-impact by a Continuum Model

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Based on a nonlinear continuum model of the flexible rotor-bearing system with rub-impact,considering some important influencing factors,the bifurcation and stability of the system periodic motion are studied by using continuation-shooting algorithm combined with the Newmark method. The change-law of the instability speed is centered on with the changes of the eccentricity of the rotor,clearance between rotor and stator,friction coefficient and the rub-impact stiffness. The results show that under small eccentricity the system loses its stability through Hopf-bifurcation,while under large eccentricity the system loses its stability through period-doubling bifurcation. The stability can be improved by reducing the clearance between rotor and stator,increasing the friction coefficient,increasing the rub-impact stiffness,because of the destruction of the formation condition of oil whirl. In addition,for the slight rub-impact,the system maintains its motion characteristics,on the contrary,the instability method and the instability speed changes markedly. The conclusions provide a theoretical reference for fault diagnoses,vibration control and stability design of the rotor-bearing system.
Association and familial co-aggregation of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes with depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders: a population-based cohort study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p> </p> <p><strong>Objective</strong></p> <p>To estimate the association and familial co-aggregation of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes with depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders.</p> <p><strong>Research design and methods</strong></p> <p>Population-based cohort study using data from Swedish nationwide registers. A total of ~3.5 million individuals born in Sweden 1973-2007 were linked to their biological parents, full- and half-siblings, and cousins. Cox models were used to estimate the association and familial co-aggregation of type 1 diabetes with depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders. </p> <p><strong>Results</strong></p> <p>Individuals diagnosed with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes (n=20,005) were found to be at greater risks of all outcomes: any psychiatric diagnosis (adjusted Hazard Ratio [aHR] [95% Confidence Intervals]: 1.66 [1.59-1.72]) or specific diagnoses of depression (1.85 [1.76-1.94]), anxiety (1.41[1.33-1.50]), stress-related disorders (1.75 [1.62-1.89]), as well as using antidepressants or anxiolytics (1.30 [1.26-1.34]), compared to individuals without type 1 diabetes. Overall, relatives of individuals with type 1 diabetes were at elevated risks of developing these outcomes, with the highest risks seen in parents (aHRs: 1.18-1.25), followed by full-siblings (aHRs: 1.05-1.20), and the magnitudes of risk estimates appear proportional to familial relatedness.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong></p> <p>These results support existing evidence that children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes are at greater risks of developing depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders and indicate that shared familial factors might contribute to these elevated risks. Our findings highlight the need for psychological consulting for children and their families in diabetes care. Quantitative and molecular genetic studies are warranted to further understand the etiology of these psychiatric disorders in type 1 diabetes. </p>
Study on Extraction Process for Epimedium of Yiguning Granule

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

To raise the quality of Yiguning Granule, the old extraction process for epimedium of granule was improved. With the content of total flavones of epimedium as index, orthogonal test was used to select the best extraction process.The result showed that:70% ethanol was used to extract, the firstly, adding 10 times ethanol to extract for 1 hour, the secondly, adding 8 times ethanol to extract for half an hour. This way is the best extraction procss for Yiguning Granule.
Influence of Pavement Design Parameters in Safety Perception in the Elderly

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

People modify walking strategy whenever they perceive a floor as slippery independently of real friction properties. However, although functional aspects as friction have been widely studied, there are very few studies on emotional aspects. This paper presents a conjoint analysis of the influence of flooring design elements in safety perception in the elderly. Results show that texture was the most influent parameter. The presence of noticeable joints was revealed as an unexpected factor to transmit security also. Adding these results to the functional aspects it is expected to increase accessibility improving the quality of life and reducing the fear of falling in elderly.
[Effect of plasma modification on biological properties of polyethylene terephthalate foil].

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Film of poly(ethylene terephthalate) modified with plasma of pure argon and with mixture of argon and perfluorohexane. Wettability of surface, toxic influence, reaction of tissues and influence on the blood-clotting system of modified samples were tested. Plasma was modification allowed to obtain PET both with hydrophilic and hydrophobic surface. We did not observed the increase of toxicity and of the reaction of tissues in comparison with the initial film. Modification with plasma of perfluorohexane had the test influence on the blood-clotting system.
ESTIMATION OF CHANGES IN SOIL ORGANIC CARBON IN HILLSIDE SYSTEMS ON A REGIONAL SCALE

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

"Estimation of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks at the regional scale, and of the changes that occur over time, is needed to conduct more realistic carbon (C) inventories. This study compares changes in estimated SOC in three regions of the Sierra Norte of Oaxaca (Mazateca, Cuicateca, and Mixe) with the method proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the RothC model fed with spatial information from the IPCC method. Changes were estimated for the periods 1980-2000 and 1990-2000. The SOC balance in the study regions resulting from the two methods indicates losses in the range of 342-1509 Gg in the first period and 29-1052 Gg in the second. Changes in SOC estimated with both methods, in general, exhibited the same trend for the two periods. The correlation coefficients varied between 0.86 and 0.99. This study shows that the RothC model used with partial information from the IPCC method is a useful tool for predicting changes in estimated SOC on a regional scale in the hillside systems studied."
A mathematical ecogenetic predator-prey model where both populations are genetically distinguishable

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A mathematical ecogenetic predator-prey model with both populations genetically distinguishable is introduced. Equilibria are investigated for feasibility and stability and are numerically found to be related via a transcritical bifurcation. These results are in line with parallel studies on related models. A sensitivity analysis in terms of pairs of model parameters is performed.
Rietveld study on the effect of pelletizing and sintering towards the structural evolution of Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Lithium aluminium titanium phosphate, Li 1.3 Al 0.3 Ti 1.7 (PO 4 ) 3 (LATP), is a highly potential material for solid electrolyte (SE) in an all-solid-state battery (ASSB) thanks to its superior ionic conductivity. The crystallinity of the material plays an important role in determining the ionic conductivity, ensuring the excellent performance of ASSB. To be applied in the ASSB, LATP should be pressed into a disc and then sintered at a high temperature to obtain the dense disk. This research aims to investigate the effect of pelletizing and sintering on the crystallinity of LATP. LATP powder was synthesized via a sol-gel method and mechanically pressed into pellets and sintered. Morphology and structural features of the LATP samples (powder and pelletized samples) were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The results demonstrated that the particle size of LATP in the pelletized samples was larger than the powder one. This morphology possibly contributed to the lower internal resistance of LATP and, therefore, its higher ionic conductivity. Rietveld refinement analysis showed that the crystalline properties of LATP changed after pelletizing and sintering treatment. This research demonstrated the importance of well consideration of pelletizing and sintering process to achieve high ionic conductivity of LATP.
Childhood kidney disease in developing countries: Is it a forgotten disease?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Kidney disease affects millions of adults and children worldwide.The 11th World Kidney Day was celebrated on 10 March 2016, and was dedicated to childhood kidney diseases.Many children may be at risk of developing kidney disease at an early age, and this year, World Kidney Day aimed to increase awareness around the fact that many adults have had kidney disease since early childhood.The spectrum of kidney disease in children ranges from treatable disorders without long-term sequelae to life-threatening conditions.Children with acute kidney injury (AKI) may develop long-term consequences leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD) later in life. [1]Worldwide, epidemiological information on the incidence and prevalence of paediatric AKI and CKD is limited, often imprecise, and flawed by methodological differences between the various data sources, although increasing in scope.This is particularly pertinent in Africa, where the focus is on communicable diseases with lack of proper documentation and renal registries. [2]As a result there are insufficient data to guide the authorities responsible for resource allocation.This increases the challenges of providing care for children with kidney disease in a resource-limited environment.The rising incidence of kidney diseases in children highlights the need for early detection and healthy lifestyle, starting at birth and continuing into adult life.The main aim of World Kidney Day 2016 was to inform parents, caregivers, young patients, the general public, and policymakers of the importance of the early detection and appropriate management of childhood kidney disease.
Hollow porous poly(lactic acid) microspheres

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract On the basis of the water solubility of poly( N ‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone), hollow porous poly(lactic acid) microspheres (HPPLAs) were prepared by a water‐in‐oil‐in‐water multiple‐emulsion solvent evaporation method. The influence of the concentration of the stabilizer Span80 in the oil phase on the morphology was investigated. It was found that when the content of Span80 solutions was 3.5 wt %, most HPPLAs were about 2 μm in diameter. Field scanning electron microscopy results show that the HPPLAs were porous and hollow. The structure and crystal form of the HPPLAs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis. Using these HPPLAs as degradable templates, we successfully synthesized Litchi‐like polystyrene (PS) microspheres about 2 μm in diameter by the emulsion method. When used as drug carriers, these HPPLAs would be convenient in which to embed drugs, whereas the Litchi‐like PS microspheres may have potential as new materials for polymer modification. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Direct multifractal spectrum calculation from the wavelet transform

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We present a direct method of calculation of the multifractal spectrum from the wavelet decomposition. Information pertinent to singular structures in time series is captured by the WTMM method and the local e#ective Holder exponent is evaluated locally for each singular point of the time series. The direct multifractal spectrum is obtained from the scaling of the histograms of the local e#ective Holder exponent. In addition, we illustrate the possibility of estimation of the spectrum from the entire continuous wavelet transform. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: 80-08, 82-08, 92-08 1991 ACM Computing Classification System: H.1.m, I.m, J.2, J.3 Keywords and Phrases: multifractal analysis, wavelet transform, Holder exponent Note: This work has been carried out under the Impact project. 1. Introduction The application of the wavelet transform (modulus maxima) representation of a signal to multi-fractal analysis has almost reached the status of a standard. The formalism d...
Growth and development in a lepidopteran with variable instar number, Pseudocoremia suavis (Geometridae), under standard rearing conditions and when parasitised by Meteorus pulchricornis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Though extra instars are often associated with poor conditions and thought to be a compensation for a low growth rate, the reasons why they are necessary, and for variable instar number existing under standard rearing conditions, are not yet clear. In standard rearing conditions, approximately half of Pseudocoremia suavis larvae had five instars (Type I larvae), and half six instars (Type II larvae). Type II larvae took longer to pupate and reached higher pupal weights than Type I larvae. The extra instar was not related to sexual size dimorphism; Type II larvae were not more likely to be females. Females of both Types pupated later than males and had higher pupal weights; this weight gain was achieved wholly via an extended final instar. Relative growth rates (RGR), instar durations and larval weights on weigh days were otherwise the same for both sexes. For most of the larval period, Type II larvae had lower RGR and lower weights than Type I larvae. They also had shorter 3rd, 4th and 5th instars than Type I larvae, and the estimated weights at each moult were significantly lower. The Types are discussed in terms of being, in species with weight thresholds for pupation, not optional "strategies" involving different critical weight ratios for larval moults, but as an inevitable consequence of physiological timing constraints upon reaching the critical weights for larval moults causing large variation in size after the moult. Small larvae may then need an extra instar to reach pupation. When parasitised in the second instar by Meteorus pulchricornis, P. suavis larvae produced parasitoids in either their fourth (4th instar emerging (IE)) or fifth instar (5th IE). The estimated moulting weights at each instar of 4th IE and 5th IE hosts were very similar to those of Type I and Type II unparasitised larvae respectively, which, together with similarity of instar duration patterns, is strongly suggestive of Types being present within parasitised larvae. The proportion of 5th IE hosts in the much slower-growing parasitised treatment was greater than the proportion of Type II larvae in the unparasitised treatment, as might be expected if Type II is associated with lower RGR. The lack of further Types appearing is consistent with extra instars being a compensation for small weight after the moult rather than low RGR per se.
A new polyacetylene and other constituents with anti-inflammatory activity from Artemisia halodendron

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A new polyacetylene, (3 R,8S)-heptadeca-1,16-dien-4,6-diyne-3,8-diol (1), together with 10 known compounds (2–11) were isolated from an ethanol extract of Artemisia halodendron Turcz. ex Bess. (Asteraceae). The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated by NMR and HR-ESI-MS analysis, and by comparing these results with data reported in literatures. Compounds 1–11 were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against NO, TNF-α and IL-6 production. Compounds 1–11 significantly inhibited the levels of NO, TNF-α and IL-6 in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values ranging from 15.12 to 66.97 µM.
Prevalence and molecular detection of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in large ruminants in Punjab, Pakistan.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a highly contagious disease of cattle caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides. It is characterized by anorexia, fever, dyspnea, polypnea, cough, and nasal discharges. Gross lesions in the lung such as marbling, sequestra, thickening of interlobular septa, and consolidation are evident. Serological tests including complement fixation test and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and molecular tests such as polymerase chain reactions are used for diagnostic purposes. In this study, lung samples of suspected large ruminants (cattle n=560, buffalo n=293) were collected from abattoirs of three districts of Punjab namely Lahore, Kasur and Jhang. PCR was performed with specific primers, targeting the 16S ribosomal RNA gene to detect the positive cases. The results indicated that 49 samples (8.75%) of cattle were positive, with maximum prevalence was observed in Jhang with 16 positive samples (10.06%), but CBPP was not detected in any buffalo sample. High prevalence of disease was seen in cattle of more than seven years of age, in female cattle, and in cross-bred cattle. Age and gender were found significantly associated (P<0.05) with the prevalence of the disease. Gene sequencing of identified 5 isolates of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides had more than 99% similarities with the strains isolated from China, Italy, Australia and Tanzania and were categorized into a monophyletic group but strain isolated from Portugal had more than 55% variable regions, hence clustered separately. This study confirms the presence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in the country which can be a threat to the livestock export market and warrants the implementation of control measures to mitigate the economic losses associated with the disease.
High data rate transmissions using orthogonal modified Hermite pulses in UWB communications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A novel method for high data rate transmission in ultra-wideband (UWB) communications systems is presented. This is achieved through the exploitation of the orthogonality of the modified Hermite polynomial function. By transmitting multiple pulses simultaneously and applying appropriate error correction, one is able to achieve reliable communications at higher data rates. By applying the error correction coding in a multilayered manner in both the time and shape domains, high data rate transmissions are achieved with good error performance characteristics. In addition, we also expand the pulse shape and pulse time modulation presented and show a new method for transmitting more bits using the same number of pulses.
Hold of the competitive advantages of dairy enterprises at the local level

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Local (municipal and district) level is represented by the largest number of dairy companies to whom there is a problem retaining competitive advantage. Empirical analysis. The article proves that the dairy plant of this type can offer a combination of competitive advantages, appropriate conditions as the territory of the dislocation, and the presence of specific resources. To analyze the influence of the conditions of location dairy enterprise introduced the concept of «double effect of access» by which the detected difference in the effect of competitive forces – farms, suppliers and consumers. Multidirectional vector of these forces allows us to determine the influence of factors of heterogeneity and sluggishness of the local market to choose from a combination of competitive advantages. Empirical analysis of the dairy enterprises at this level showed that the best adaptation achieves enterprise operating in a deficit of raw milk and a large market sales, rather than vice versa. This company creates the optimal mechanism of transaction management with farms, suppliers and activities focuses on a combination of competitive advantages – the saturation range and low cost. Results. Dairy plant with a rich nomenclature usually develops broad functional abilities, looking for ways to isolate the power advantages, uses a strategy of «narrow differentiation», reaching on a background of rivals high economic results.