jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Investigations to Enhance Production of Penicillin G Acylase from Recombinant Bacillus badius pac Expressed in Escherichia coli DH5α

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Optimization of the M9 medium for production of Penicillin G Acylase (PGA) from recombinant E. coli DH5α carrying a plasmid encoding pac from Bacillus badius was carried out based on response surface methodology (RSM). For the first time M9 medium was used for enhancing the production of PGA from recombinant B. badius pac expressed in E. coli DH5α. RSM is a useful method for studying the effect of several variables influencing the responses by varying them simultaneously and carrying out a limited number of experiments. The initial screening method of Plackett-Burman design gave rise to identification of fructose, yeast extract, and magnesium sulfate as significant medium components. A 23 full-factorial central composite design (CCD) was applied to further optimize concentration of each significant variable. The optimal concentration for production of PGA consisted of 10 g/l fructose, 6 g/l yeast extract, 1.85 ml/l MgSO4 · 7H2O (100 mM), 9 g/l disodium hydrogen phosphate, 4 g/l potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.75 g/l sodium chloride, 2 ml/l thiamine HCl (100 mM), and 2 ml/l calcium chloride (10 mM). The model prediction of PGA activity (14.11 U/ml) at optimum conditions was verified experimentally (13.94 U/ml). Through statistically designed optimization, the production of PGA was found to go up from 2.2 U/ml to an average of 13.94 ± 0.03 U/ml. Thus the modified M9 media has shown a 7.74-fold increase in PGA activity.
Perioperative Management of Oral Antithrombotics in Dentistry and Oral Surgery: Part 2

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Part 1 of “Perioperative Management of Oral Antithrombotics in Dentistry and Oral Surgery” covered the physiological process of hemostasis and the pharmacology of both traditional and novel oral antiplatelets and anticoagulants. Part 2 of this review discusses various factors that are considered when developing a perioperative management plan for patients on oral antithrombotic therapy in consultation with dental professionals and managing physicians. Additionally included are how thrombotic and thromboembolic risks are assessed as well as how patient- and procedure-specific bleeding risks are evaluated. Special attention is given to the bleeding risks associated with procedures encountered when providing sedation and general anesthesia within the office-based dental environment.
Are Faster Transitions in Early Cannabis Use Associated with Later Cannabis-Related Outcomes?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims: Test whether a faster transition in early substance use - specifically the speed of transition from first to second use of cannabis - is associated with increased likelihood of later cannabis dependence and other problem-use outcomes. Method: From an epidemiological study of 3824 Australian twins (mean age at time of survey = 31.2 SD = 3.0, range 21-46), 2248 participants who had reported using cannabis more than once were asked about the speed of transition from first to second use, and about their later use of cannabis and symptoms of cannabis abuse/ dependence. Regression analyses adjusted the association between speed of transition and the outcomes of cannabis daily use, abuse and/or dependence, and treatment-seeking after controlling for socio-demographic, childhood, mental health, peer and licit drug factors. Results: After adjustment for confounders second cannabis use occurring within a week of first use was positively associated with reporting daily cannabis use (OR 2.70, 95% CI 1.75 – 4.16), abuse and/or dependence (OR 3.37, 95% CI 2.45 – 4.65) and treatment-seeking for cannabis problems (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.10 – 3.65). Second cannabis use occurring within 3 months of first use was positively associated with abuse and/or dependence (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.27 – 2.25). Significant differences were observed between the different transition speed groups for almost all of the socio-demographic, childhood, mental health, peer and licit drug factors tested in this analysis. Conclusions: Rapid transition from first to second use of cannabis is associated with increased risks for frequent cannabis use and for cannabis abuse/dependence. These findings suggest that early substance-use patterns can help identify those more likely to develop problems later on, which has potential utility for targeting prevention interventions
Effects of substituted chalcogen atoms on excited state proton transfer reaction for 2,5‐bis(benzoxazole‐2‐yl)‐thiophene‐3,4‐diol derivatives: A theoretical study

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Motivated by the captivating allure of exquisitely regulated characteristics exhibited by 2‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐benzoxazole and its derivatives in the domains of photochemistry and photophysics, our current endeavor primarily focuses on delving into the intricacies of photo‐induced excited state reactions for derivatives of 2,5‐bis(benzoxazol‐2‐yl)‐thiophene‐3,4‐diol (BTD). Given the profound impact of chalcogen element doping, our primary focus lies in investigating the excited state behaviors of BTD‐O, BTD‐S, and BTD‐Se fluorophores. Through simulations encompassing variations in geometry and vertical excitation charge reorganization, we unveil atomic‐electronegativity‐dependent hydrogen bonding interactions and photoexcitation‐induced charge recombination that can significantly augment the intramolecular double proton transfer (ESDPT) reaction in the excited state for BTD‐O, BTD‐S, and BTD‐Se fluorophores. By constructing potential energy surfaces and identifying transition state forms, we elucidate the ultrafast stepwise ESDPT mechanism facilitated by the low potential barriers. Moreover, we rigorously validate the chalcogen atomic electronegativity‐driven regulation of the stepwise ESDPT mechanism. We sincerely anticipate that manipulating solvent polarity will pave the way for groundbreaking advancements in luminescent materials.
Response and Recovery in the Event of CBRN Industrial Accidents

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter examines the specific obligations of States and international organizations which concern the response to and the recovery from CBRN industrial accidents. The analysis considers obligations and guidance deriving from international treaties as well as 'soft-law' instruments adopted at the universal and regional levels, which prescribe the measures that both States and international organisations are required or expected to adopt in relation to industrial accidents involving the release of CBRN agents. It also considers which enforcement mechanisms have been created to ensure compliance with these provisions. Based on this analysis, the chapter discusses some main challenges for the implementation of the specific international rules for the response and recovery actions after CBRN industrial accidents at the national level. It concludes that the international guidance for response actions increasingly requires the coordinated involvement of States, international organisations, industry, and other stakeholders, also emphasizing the need for constant review. However, such comprehensive guidance for the recovery after CBRN industrial accidents is still relatively scarce.
Survey on S eroprevalence of Leptospira serotypes in household dogs using MAT method in Urmia, Iran

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution. It is seen in many animals but mainly dogs are affected. As some of these anim als have direct contacts with humans so it can influence their health too. Because of unknown prevalence of this disease in Urmia city (Iran), the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of leptospira serotypes in household dogs using microsc opic agglutination test (MAT). In this survey, from May 2010 until November 2010, serum samples were collected from ninety three dogs and evaluated against antigens of serovars: canicola, grippotyphosa, icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona, hardjo, automnalis, ball um. Out of the 93 dogs investigated, 6 dogs (6.5%) had a titer 1:100 or 1:200 against different leptospiral serovars. The predominant serovars were icterohaemorrhagiae (33.3%), grippotyphosa (33.3%), hardjo (33.3%) and canicola (16.7%) respectively. Antibo dy titer against more than one serovar was detected in one dog only. Fortunately, prevalence of infection was low in dogs in Urmia region that can be due to specialized geographical and climatic condition and also can be due to regularly and annually vacci nation against this disease in household dogs.
„O aryjskie chrześcijaństwo” – próba syntezy chrześcijaństwa i rasistowskiego nacjonalizmu w polemikach dziewiętnasto- i dwudziestowiecznych autorów niemieckich

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Since the days of activity of Paul De Lagarde (1827–1891) all over the united Germany there were raised voices calling for unification of Christianity with the German spirit by completion of the Lutheran revolution and purification of the Christian faith from Semitic elements. According to biological anti-Semites, the pressing problem was the issue of racial identity of Jesus. Making use of the findings of German oriental studies and using the arguments that belonged to the branch of biological anthropology, the German ideologues postulated some theses that allowed for a grotesque fusion of racist ideology and Luthera nism. In their opinion, it was mainly the Aryan blood that Jesus had in his veins. It was believed that Jesus might have been a descendant of either pre-Israelian communities of the Promised Land, or the Assyrians who conquered these territory in the 8th BC.
Exploration of larvicidal and adult emergence inhibition activities of Ricinus communis seed extract against three potential mosquito vectors in Kolkata, India

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: To determine the larvicidal and adult emergence inhibition activities of castor (Ricinus communis) seed extract against three potential mosquito vectors Anopheles stephensi (An. stephensi), Culex quinquefasciatus (Cx. quinquefasciatus) and Aedes albopictus (Ae. albopictus) in India. Methods: The R. communis seed extract was tested, employing WHO procedure, against fourth larval instars of the three mosquito species for 24 h and larval mortalities were recorded at various concentrations (2-64μg/mL); the 24 h LC50 values of the R. communis seed extract were determined following Probit analysis. The larval killing, antipupation and adult emergence inhibition rates of the test extract, using a single concentration of 2 μ LC50, were studied at different time periods (24-72 h); the extract toxicity was tested against a fish, Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus). Results: The R. communis seed extract exhibited larvicidal effects with 100 010 killing activities at concentrations 32-64μg/mL, and with LC50 values 7.10, 11.64 and 16.84 μg/mL for Cx. quinquefasciatus, An. stephensi and Ae. albopictus larvae, respectively. When the larvae were treated with the extract at a single concentration of 2×LC50, significant differences were observed, compared to control groups, in rate of pupation (P＜0.001) as well as in adult formation (P＜0.001). Conclusions: The present findings suggest that the R. communis seed extract provided an excellent potential for controlling An. stephensi, Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. albopictus mosquito vectors.
S100B promotes chemoresistance in ovarian cancer stem cells by regulating p53

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Chemoresistance is one of the most important causes of ovarian cancer‑related deaths. Recently, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been recognized as the source of chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms that regulate the chemoresistance of ovarian CSCs (OCSCs) remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the roles of S100B in the regulation of OCSC chemoresistance, which provides a novel therapeutic target. We observed high expression of S100B in CD133+ OCSCs derived from ovarian cancer cell lines and primary tumors and in cisplatin‑resistant patient samples. Then, we determined that S100B knockdown promoted the apoptosis of OCSCs after treatment with different concentrations of cisplatin. The underlying mechanism of S100B‑mediated chemoresistance in OCSCs may be through p53 inhibition. Furthermore, drug‑resistance genes, including MDR1 and MRP1, were involved in the process of S100B‑mediated OCSC chemoresistance. In conclusion, our results elucidated the importance of S100B in the maintenance of OCSC chemoresistance, which may provide a promising therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
DBInputs: Exploiting Persistent Data to Improve Automated GUI Testing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The generation of syntactically and semantically valid input data, able to exercise functionalities imposing constraints on the validity of the inputs, is a key challenge in automatic GUI (Graphical User Interface) testing. Existing test case generation techniques often rely on manually curated catalogs of values, although they might require significant effort to be created and maintained, and could hardly scale to applications with several input forms. Alternatively, it is possible to extract values from external data sources, such as the Web or publicly available knowledge bases. However, external sources are unlikely to provide the domain-specific and application-specific data that are often required to thoroughly exercise applications. This paper proposes DBInputs, a novel approach that automatically identifies domain-specific and application-specific inputs to effectively fulfill the validity constraints present in the tested GUI screens. The approach exploits syntactic and semantic similarities between the identifiers of the input fields shown on GUI screens and those of the tables of the target GUI application database, and extracts valid inputs from such database, automatically resolving the mismatch between the user interface and the database schema. DBInputs can properly cope with system testing and maintenance testing efforts, since databases are naturally and inexpensively available in those phases. Our experiments with 4 Web applications and 11 Mobile apps provide evidence that DBInputs can outperform techniques like random input selection and Link, a competing approach for searching inputs from knowledge bases, in both Web and Mobile domains.
Johnson's Lives of Sarpi, Blake, and Drake

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In no other field of writing save poetry did Johnson spend so much of his career as in biography—from the Life of Sarpi in 1738 to the Lives of the Poets in 1781. And in few of his undertakings was he so successful. Most of his biographical writing was done to order, and it frequently suffers from haste, but from first to last it shows his characteristic excellences, his eagerness and facility in generalization, his piercing analysis of character.
Despite a degree of accommodation to change, white British citizens remain largely opposed to increased ethnic diversity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Immigration is one of the key political issues that will decide votes at the forthcoming General Elections, with the average British citizen hostile both the level of immigration that has already taken place, and the prospect of more. In a new Demos report, Eric Kaufmann and Gareth Harris map the ‘white’ response to immigration: ‘voice’, ‘exit’ and ‘accommodation’.
LEARNING AND REVIEWING VOCABULARY THROUGH MEMRISE TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY ACHIEVEMENT

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article dealt with classroom Action Research which intended to improve the vocabulary achievement of 39-second semester students of Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry at the Islamic University of Balitar by using Memrise. In this research, the students learned 3 levels of agriculture and vocabulary prepared and created by the lecturer in www.memrise.com. In order to have a good vocabulary achievement, the students are asked to learn the vocabulary in the classroom and review it at home through Memrise Application. The data of the research were collected from tests and questionnaire. This research was conducted in one cycle of action which covered (1) Planning, (2) Acting, (3) Observing and (4) Reflecting. The result of the research showed that the implementation of Memrise as learning and reviewing vocabulary tool could improve the students’ vocabulary achievement from the mean score 60.45 (Pre-test) to 86.27 (Post-test). Moreover, the result of the research was strengthened by the student’s positive responses toward the use of Memrise as learning and reviewing vocabulary tool as reflected from the result of the questionnaire given.Keywords: Memrise, Learning and Reviewing Vocabulary, Vocabulary Achievement, Action Research. Received: 24 June, 2016; Accepted: 8 September, 2016
Automatic Tariff Calculation with Wireless Energy Meter

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The existing energy meter reading technology uses man power which has disadvantages like errors during calculation, absence of consumer during billing time and extra expenses for the billing process.The wireless energy meter monitoring system aims to minimize these difficulties by providing energy meter monitoring through wireless medium.Power consumed by consumer in the home side module is monitored by Electricity Board through wireless technology.This wireless technology is implemented by using ZigBee modules.This is done by using a ZigBee transceiver interfaced with both the EB (Electricity Board) section server as well as the consumer side.The Microcontroller based system continuously records the readings.These live meter readings are displayed in the LCD and also sent to the EB side through ZigBee.The EB (Electricity Board) takes the responsibility of calculating the bill with the data received from the home side, and the tariff provided by the operator and displays the same in the LCD placed in the consumer's home by transmitting the data through ZigBee transceiver.If at all the consumer doesn't pay the bill in allotted time, then the power supply to the home is cut down automatically using relay.
Determination of 15 Isoflavone Isomers in Soy Foods and Supplements by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Soy isoflavone is the generic name for the isoflavones found in soy. We determined the concentrations of 15 soy isoflavone species, including 3 succinyl glucosides, in 22 soy foods and isoflavone supplements by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The total isoflavone contents in 14 soy foods and 8 supplements ranged from 45 to 735 μg/g and from 1,304 to 90,224 μg/g, respectively. Higher amounts of succinyl glucosides were detected in natto, a typical fermented soy product in Japan; these ranged from 30 to 80 μg/g and comprised 4.1-10.9% of the total isoflavone content. In soy powder, 59 μg/g of succinyl glucosides were detected, equivalent to 4.6% of the total isoflavone content. These data suggest that the total isoflavone contents may be underestimated in the previous studies that have not included succinyl glucosides, especially for Bacillus subtilis -fermented soy food products.
New Land. Four Years in the Arctic Regions

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Scientific appendices: I. Preliminary account of the geological investigations made during the second Norwegian polar expedition in the 'Fram.' By P. Schel. II. Summary of the botanical work of the expedition, and its results. By Herman G. Simmons. III. Animal life in King Oscar Land, and the neighboring tracts. By E. Bay. IV. Summary of the meteorological observations. By Herman G. Simmons.
Pesticides Drive Stochastic Changes in the Chemoreception and Neurotransmission System of Marine Ectoparasites

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Scientific efforts to elucidate the mechanisms of chemical communication between organisms in marine environments are increasing. This study applied novel molecular technology to outline the effects of two xenobiotic drugs, deltamethrin (DM) and azamethiphos (AZA), on the neurotransmission system of the copepod ectoparasite Caligus rogercresseyi. Transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were conducted to evaluate treatment effects on the glutamatergic synaptic pathway of the parasite, which is closely related to chemoreception and neurotransmission. After drug treatment with DM or AZA, stochastic mRNA expression patterns of glutamatergic synapse pathway components were observed. Both DM and AZA promoted a down-regulation of the glutamate-ammonia ligase, and DM activated a metabotropic glutamate receptor that is a suggested inhibitor of neurotransmission. Furthermore, the delousing drugs drove complex rearrangements in the distribution of mapped reads for specific metabotropic glutamate receptor domains. This study introduces a novel methodological approach that produces high-quality results from transcriptomic data. Using this approach, DM and AZA were found to alter the expression of numerous mRNAs tightly linked to the glutamatergic signaling pathway. These data suggest possible new targets for xenobiotic drugs that play key roles in the delousing effects of antiparasitics in sea lice.
FREQUENCY OF MULTIPLE INSEMINATIONS IN FIELD-COLLECTED ANOPHELES GAMBIAE FEMALES REVEALED BY DNA ANALYSIS OF TRANSFERRED SPERM

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We investigated the frequencies of single and multiple matings in field-collected female Anopheles gambiae by conducting microsatellite DNA analyses on the sperm contained within their spermatheca. Amplifcation by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at four loci allowed the detection of sperm extracts exhibiting more than two alleles per locus, thereby revealing the occurrence of multiple inseminations. Polyandry was found in six of 239 females examined, or 2.5% of the samples. Previous analyses of the molecular form of the sperm and female extracts using a PCR-based diagnostic procedure showed that two of these multiple inseminations involved cross-mating between two chromosomal/molecular forms of An. gambiae s.s. Thus polyandry occurred within-form in 1.7% of examined females while other multiple inseminations may be linked to processes of reproductive isolation between forms of An. gambiae.