jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
States decoupled from the surface in short Si atomic chains

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We analyze both the stationary and time-dependent properties of molecular states in atomicchains on a surface, some of which are composed of atomic states decoupled from the substrate — aphenomenon analogous to dark states in quantum dot systems. To illustrate this effect at the atomicscale, we performed scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments on short silicon chains fabricatedon a Si(553)-Au surface. In contrast to quantum dots, which typically involve characteristicenergies in the meV range or lower, the atomic chains studied here operate in a high-energy regime,with energies in the eV range. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the local density of states of thechains carries clear signatures of these decoupled states, which significantly affect STM imaging.The topography becomes highly sensitive to the bias polarity, to the extent that some atomic sitesmay appear nearly invisible to the STM tip. Our time-resolved theoretical analysis reveals that thesedecoupled states emerge over a finite time interval. This oscillatory dynamical evolution, primarilydriven by nearest-neighbor interactions, suggests a universal relaxation mechanism that is largelyinsensitive to the length of the atomic chain.
Adaptation of Reminiscence Functions Scale for Bangladeshi Population

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Objective of the present study was to adapt the Reminiscence Functions Scale (RFS) in Bangla to be used in the context of Bangladeshi culture and background.Data were collected from 300 adult participants using survey method.Among the participants 171 were male and 129 were female.Their age range was 17 to 90 (Mean = 37.69, SD=12.47).Psychometric analysis included item analysis, principal component analysis with varimax rotation, test-retest reliability and internal consistency reliability using Cronbach's alpha.The 43-items were found to be psychometrically acceptable to construct this Bangla version of RFS by Webster [9].Data revealed eight factors, namely -Boredom Reduction, Death Preparation, Identity, Problem-Solving, Conversation, Intimacy Maintenance, Bitterness Revival, and Teach/Inform.Test-retest and internal consistency reliability of the instrument was found .81 and .89respectively.Psychometric evidences indicate this self-report Likert instrument is both reliable as well as valid measure of reminiscence function and hence suggested to be usable in the context of Bangladesh.
The Impacts of Tsunami on the Well-Being of the Affected Community in Kuala Muda, Kedah, Malaysia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The tsunami of 26 December 2004 was one of the most devastating tragedy ever occurred to men in the history of human civilization.Approximately 250,000 lives perished, millions injured and suffered, while the destruction of property loss of opportunities cannot be accurately estimated.The impact of the tsunami on environmental destruction shows that damage was inflicted on natural resources such as coral reefs, mangroves, sand dunes and other coastal ecosystem that acted as wave defense barriers.Moreover, inlands, wetlands and agricultural land were salinated and natural resources for livelihood and for source of income were badly affected, especially for coastal communities who were involve in fisheries.The situation worsened as basic facilities were also destroyed.As such, this research focuses on assessing and identifying on how the impacts of the tsunami on the infrastructure and environmental resources affected the community well-being inKuala Muda, Kedah, Malaysia.This study focuses on the impacts of tsunami on the affected community well-being in the coastal zone on the basis of available primary and secondary sources.Primary sources included questionnaires, interviews and observations while the secondary resources included books, government and international reports, scientific journals, maps and articles that highlighted tsunami related issues.The study tries to seek for both qualitative and quantitative impacts and also tries to find out some solutions that would help to minimize the impact of the tsunami on the community well-being.The information gained from this study can be used to help the community as well as the agencies involve in order to minimize the impacts of the tsunami on the community and develop a more effective mitigation measures for other environmental disasters such as tsunami.Besides, the research may help to create awareness on the community to be prepared in facing disastrous situation such as the tsunami.Through community preparedness, the impact can be minimized and reduced.As for the authority, this research may be of great assistance by allowing them to make better decision.
Industry 4.0: An Introduction in the Context of SMEs

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The goal of this chapter is to compile and organise the different characteristics, technologies, and facilitating factors related to smart manufacturing. This covers other initiatives such as Industry 4.0, cyber-physical production systems, smart factories, intelligent manufacturing, and digital manufacturing, all of which are often used interchangeably with digital manufacturing. This chapter compiles a complete list of such features, technologies that are usually linked with smart manufacturing. Despite its benefits, the digitisation of sectors poses several issues, including data availability, data storage, analysis, and security. High-speed connectivity, security, and protection all need to be considered. Challenges to the industrial setting include a variety of security issues, including the possibility of a data breach. This chapter investigates the prospects, constraints, and future scope of technology associated with Industry 4.0.
Arctic Hydrology

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Arctic hydrology considers the interconnected environmental processes and physical phases of the water present in the Arctic, which is a high latitude region where most water is in a frozen state for nine or more months a year. Of major importance is the vast distribution of snow, ice, and permafrost. Snow, because of its high albedo, has a major effect on local as well as regional climate. In late spring, snow melt leads to a short period of runoff which contributes about 10% of the Earth's river discharge into the Arctic Ocean. Changes in river discharge along with decreasing sea-ice cover, permafrost degradation, and glacial melting are an indication of the importance of the Arctic in global change.
Editorial : the Bishop of Gozo and the Gozitan diaspora

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

An editorial about the Gozitan diaspora in Australia. The people who left in the 50s and 60s have now grown to become senior citizens. Despite this, they still feel a strong connection with their Maltese and Gozitan roots. This can be seen in the movement of people between the two countries, something which even Maltese Bishops do. Last October Gozo Bishop Mario Grech undertook such a journey and was warmly welcomed by the Maltese community in Melbourne, Sydney and Adelaide.
Topological Phases and Curvature-Driven Pattern Formation in Cholesteric Shells

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the phase behaviour of cholesteric liquid crystal shells with different geometries. We compare the cases of tangential and no anchoring at the surface, focussing on the former case, which leads to a competition between the intrinsic tendency of the cholesteric to twist and the anchoring free energy which suppresses it. We then characterise the topological phases arising close to the isotropic-cholesteric transition. These typically consist of quasi-crystalline or amorphous tessellations of the surface by half-skyrmions, which are stable at lower and larger shell size respectively. For ellipsoidal shells, defects in the tessellation couple to local curvature, and according to the shell size they either migrate to the poles or distribute uniformly on the surface. For toroidal shells, the variations in the local curvature of the surface stabilises heterogeneous phases where cholesteric or isotropic patterns coexist with hexagonal lattices of half-skyrmions.
A Clinicopathological Study Of Pemphigus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A clinic pathological study was conducted on 50 patients of pemphigus of various types attending skin OPD. Assam Medical College in last two years. There were 20 males and 30 females. Pemphigus vulgaris, the commonest type was seen in 42 patients. Majority of the patients were from 31 to 50 years of age groups and belonged to lower socioeconomic status. Pemphigus vulgaris was the most severe variety and secondary bacterial infection was the commonest complication. Bacterial pathogen commonly involved was coagulase positive staphylococcus aureus. Oral mucosal involvement was noted in 39 patients. Cutaneous lesions were seen 4.5 months (average) after initiation of oral lesions.
The LIM Homeodomain Transcription Factor Lhx6: A Transcriptional Repressor that Interacts with Pituitary Homeobox 2 (PITX2) to Regulate Odontogenesis

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Lhx6 is a LIM‐homeobox transcription factor expressed during embryogenesis, however the molecular mechanisms regulating Lhx6 transcriptional activities are unknown. Lhx6 expression is increased in Pitx2c transgenic mice and decreased in Pitx2 null mice. PITX2 activates endogenous Lhx6 expression and the Lhx6 promoter while Lhx6 represses its promoter activity. Chromatin immunoprecipiation experiments reveal endogenous Pitx2 binding to the Lhx6 promoter. Lhx6 directly interacts with PITX2 to inhibit PITX2 transcriptional activities and activation of multiple promoters. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays reveal an Lhx6‐Pitx2 nuclear interaction in living cells. Lhx6 has a dominant repressive effect on the PITX2 synergistic activation with Lef‐1 and β‐catenin co‐factors. Thus, Lhx6 acts as a transcriptional repressor and we have identified specific defects in incisor, molar, mandible, bone and root development and late stage enamel formation in Lhx6 null mice. Our results demonstrate that Lhx6 regulates cell proliferation in the cervical loop and promotes cell differentiation in the anterior region of the incisor. We demonstrate new molecular mechanisms for Lhx6 and an interaction with PITX2 for normal craniofacial and tooth development. Support for this research was provided from grants DE13941 and DE18885 from the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research.
Analisis Faktor-faktor Pelayanan Trans Jogja Berdasarkan Persepsi Pengguna Sepeda Motor

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In 2021, the population of motorized vehicles in DIY reached 3 million units of which 85% were motorcycles. The growth in the number of motorized vehicles results in increased congestion, pollution, and traffic accidents. To overcome transportation problems in Yogyakarta, in 2008 the government operated BRT (Bus Rapid Transit) based public transportation, Trans Jogja. However, various studies have shown that the load factor of Trans Jogja is very low. This study was conducted to see the characteristics of motorcyclist and latent factors of public transportation services that are prioritized by motorcycle users to switch modes to Trans Jogja. Primary data was obtained online and offline from 455 motorcycle users by answering a research questionnaire consisting of four sections, namely sociodemographic characteristics, travel characteristics and service factors that are prioritized to switch to Trans Jogja. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive methods, crosstab and factor analysis with SPSS. The results of the crosstab analysis show that the sociodemographic characteristics of respondents that correlate with the number of motorcycle ownership are age, income, pocket money, number of family members.Based on the factor analysis of public transport services prioritized by motorcycle users to switch to Trans Jogja, 4 latent factors were obtained, namely Trans Jogja service performance, transit experience, bus facilities and fees and parking. Keywords: Motorcycle, Trans Jogja, mode shift, factor analysis
Trogocytosis and endocytosis of HLA-G from extravillous trophoblasts by decidual NK cells and its functional consequence (MUC2P.922)

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The interaction of non-cytotoxic decidual NK cells (dNK) and extravillous trophoblasts (EVT) at the fetal-maternal interface has been studied. Confocal microscopy revealed that many dNK can interact with a single large EVT, leading to the formation of synapses. Filamentous projections from EVT enriched in HLA-G were shown to contact dNK and may represent the initial stage of synapse formation. A small fraction of dNK as isolated (~3%) contain surface HLA-G. However, HLA-G negative dNK had internalized HLA-G. Activation of dNK by culture in IL-15 resulted in disappearance of the internalized HLA-G in parallel with restoration of cytotoxicity. Surface HLA-G could be reacquired by incubation with EVT. However, under the conditions of the current experiments, re-acquisition of surface HLA-G by IL-15 activated dNK did not suppress their cytotoxicity. These data indicate a cycle in which HLA-G is acquired from EVT, endocytosed, degraded and, finally, reacquired from EVT. The HLA-G cycle is related to the loss and reacquisition of dNK cytotoxicity. The fetal-maternal interface offers an opportunity to study how evolution has met the challenge of generating a localized and specific tolerized immune compartment that does not reject an allogeneic fetus while maintaining the ability to respond to infections at this site.
Effect of ultrasonic agitation on marginal adaptation, intratubular penetration and bonding strength of calcium‐silicate‐based endodontic sealers: A laboratory study

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract The effect of ultrasonic activation (UA) on marginal adaptation, intratubular penetration and bond strength provided by three calcium silicate‐based sealers was evaluated. Ninety‐six distobuccal root canals of maxillary molars were randomly divided into 8 groups ( n = 12) according to the sealer and UA application: EndoSequence BC sealer (ESBC), Sealer Plus BC (SPBC) and Bio‐C Sealer (BCS), using AH Plus (AH) as a control group. The specimens were sectioned at 2, 4 and 6 mm from the apex. The data were statistically analysed using Kruskall–Wallis, Dunn, Mann–Whitney and chi‐squared tests. UA improved the marginal adaptation of ESBC (6 mm), SPBC (all levels), BCS (2/4 mm) and AH (4 mm) ( p < 0.05); the bond strength of SBPC (2 mm) and BCS (6 mm) were also improved ( p < 0.05). The UA of endodontic silicate‐based sealers improved the marginal adaptation in all levels and the bond strength of SBPC and BCS sealer.
Origin of the Fine Scale Tortuosity in Sparks and Lightning Channels

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Physical reason for the small scale tortuosity observed in sparks and lightning channels is unknown at present. In this paper it is suggested that the small scale tortuosity of the discharge channels is caused by the natural tendency for subsequent leader streamer bursts to avoid each other but at the same time to align as much as possible along the direction of the background electric field. This process will give rise to a discharge channel that re-orients in space during each streamer burst creating the small scale tortuosity.
“We in This Fight Together…”: HIV Treatment and Prevention Among Couples of HIV-Discordant Black and Latino Men Who Have Sex with Men

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

HIV-positive Black and Latino men who have sex with men (MSM) have substantial challenges accessing and engaging in HIV care. Findings presented here are an analysis of 14 HIV-discordant couples ( N = 28) from Atlanta, GA; Baltimore, MD; Chicago, IL; Los Angeles, CA; and Washington, DC. One-hour in-depth interviews were conducted. Interviews were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis approach. Most couples reported relationship fears associated with delayed disclosure, HIV care engagement instigated by the HIV-uninfected partner, and varying knowledge and concern about the impacts of HIV infection and risk reduction. Findings suggest an opportunity to jointly educate and treat MSM of color in HIV-discordant relationships to improve engagement in ART and PrEP care and adherence.
Litter layer removal and implications on decomposition in a Eucalyptus stand in the Cerrado

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Environmental impacts resulting from Eucalypts cultivation are widely debated and subordinated to justifications, often fallacious and without a scientific support.It is a fact that annual and perennial monocultures cause impacts.However, when talking about conservation and increase of organic matter in the soil, perennial crops such as Eucalypts cannot be discarded.In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of the litter layer on leaf decomposition and physico-chemical properties in a Eucalyptus stand on Cerrado dystrophic soil.Removal of litter layer was done every two months.In forty plots; twenty non-removed and twenty of removed litter layer, data of litter fall, leaf decomposition and soil physical and chemical properties were obtained.Litter layer removal increased the leaf decomposition time of leaf decomposition and caused changes in potassium concentration and soil moisture.Through the results, it was possible to emphasize the environmental relevance of organic waste, even though coming from a perennial monoculture.
ANALYSIS OF THE AMINO ACID BINDING TO THE PROLINE-tRNA SYNTHETASE OF E. COLI.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

tRNAox species, the relative extents of inactivation of the enzyme were consistent with the formation of 1:1 complexes of the reacting tRNAs with the monomeric modified synthetase. Specificity of the labeling was further established by demonstrating that tRNA-C{sub 75}ox binds the enzyme with an equilibrium constant and stoichiometry values in good agreement with those for the binding of nonoxidized tRNA-C{sub 75}. The peptides of MTS{sub T} labeled with either tRNA-C{sub 75}ox or tRNA-C{sub 74}ox were identified. In a previous work all these peptides but one (peptide D) had been already found labeled upon MTS{sub T} incubation with ({sup 14}C)tRNA-A{sub 76}ox. According to the crystallographic structure of MTS{sub T}, the labeled residues K335, K61, K142, K147, and K149 are within a sphere of about 5.5-{angstrom} radius. The present results therefore argue for a marked flexibility of the 3{prime}-end of the enzyme-bound tRNA, enabling it to contact any of the identified reacting residues. Such a cluster of basic amino acids may reflect ionic requirements in the guiding of the negatively charged CCA arm of tRNA toward enzyme-bound methionyl-adenylate.
Development of valuation index for draught cattle breeds of Tamil Nadu, India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An attempt was made to develop a valuation index for draught cattle breeds of Tamil Nadu, which would help the farmers in getting the right price for their animals sold. The data were collected through personal interview using pre-tested interview schedule from 225 draught cattle owners from selected three districts of Tamil Nadu during the year 2010-11. A multiple linear regression was fitted for arriving at the valuation index of draught cattle breeds viz., Burgur, Kangayam and Umbalacherry. The adjusted R2 for overall draught cow valuation index was 0.818. The factors like presence of whirls in acceptable body region, skin and coat, body weight, milk yield and presence of pregnancy were found to be significant and had influenced the value of animal to the tune of Rs. 1642.40, Rs.1250.21, Rs. 36.25, Rs. 679.30 and Rs. 1241.24, respectively from their mean value. The overall draught bullock valuation index was also fitted and its adjusted R2 was 0.428. The variable body weight was found to be significant at one per cent level, whereas age was found to be significant at five per cent level and had negative influence on bullock value. The duration of work was found to be significant at five per cent level and it hiked the value at the rate of Rs.528.26. The variables like skin and coat, activeness, whirls, right pair, disease tolerance and breed were found to be non-significant.
[Long-term complications of bariatric surgery].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The prevalence of morbid obesity is increasing, with a corresponding increase in the demand for bariatric surgery, a proven effective treatment option. Bariatric surgery has potentially severe complications, including micro- and macronutrient deficiencies. Additionally, stenosis and ulceration of the anastomosis, reflux oesophagitis, cholelithiasis, steatohepatitis and altered pharmacokinetics and -dynamics may occur. Doctors in both the hospital setting and general practice will be increasingly confronted with the occasionally adverse long-term effects of bariatric surgery. Early detection, efficient follow-up and a multidisciplinary team approach are crucial in preventing and adequately treating the complications of bariatric surgery.
The manual A Fotogravura. A historical panel of the Brazilian printing industry in the early twentieth century.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The concept proposed by Villém Flusser: ‘Everything, particularly science, politics, art and religion [...] can be reconstituted from the organization of factories,’ reflects our objective with this work. Which is to investigate how graphic design relates to the means of production through the study of a company that supplied cliches for printing. Through the analysis of a technical manual and other sources we rescued part of the history of industries that have implemented new technologies to answer design and market demands in the early twentieth century.
Supplementary figure S17 from Tumor Cell–Intrinsic <i>Decr2</i> Regulates Ferroptosis and Immunotherapy Efficacy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Figure S17. Genome-wide CRISPR reveals Slc7a11 gene was significantly depleted in B16.SIY cells co-cultured with 2C CD8+ T cells and Decr2 Slc7a11 double knockdown B16.SIY cells were generated.</p>
LHD 2p5-U_L01 #172125.1 (analyzed)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Luminance data of the plasma monitor camera. Time variation of the average and maximum luminance within the ROI (Region of Interests) of the plasma images observed by the 2.5-U port camera, where ROI is (188,230) - (212,258) of the original image of 640x480. The luminance value is between 0 and 255 in arbitrary unit.