jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ECCRINE SPIRADENOMA : CASE REPORT WITH AN UNUSUAL CLININAL PRESENTATION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Eccrine spiradenoma is one of the rare, benign dermal neoplasm showing eccrine sweat gland differentiation. The literature search accounts for less than 100 reported cases of eccrine spiradenoma. Clinically, the lesion presents as solitary, intradermal, circumscribed, round or oval, firm, painful or tender nodule measuring from 0.3 - 5 cm in diameter. Rarely if ES, presents as multiple lesions, in combination with other types of adnexal tumors such as cylindromas & trichoepitheliomas, it can be considered as a part of the Brooke-Spiegler syndrome. Majority of these tumours appear on the head/face & upper trunk region of the body. Spiradenomas arise in early adulthood in most instances with few reports also of congenital cases and no sex predilection seen. The definitive diagnosis is made by excisional biopsy of the tumour. Complete tumor excision with clear surgical margins is considered the primary treatment for these cases. Here, we present a rare case report of a 58 years old male presenting with a soft, cystic lesion in the left lumbar region of the abdomen for past 2 years duration. Surgical excision of the tumour was done with clear margins and the specimen was sent for histopathological examination. Due to the overlapping histomorphological features, this tumour is often confused with cylindromas and trichoepitheliomas along with other vascular tumours. Eccrine Spiradenoma, although a benign tumour, but malignant transformation has been described especially in long-standing cases or multiple lesions. So, early diagnosis is very important to prevent recurrence and to identify any onset of malignant transformation.
Influences of ENSO on Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Kinetic Energy and Its Meridional Transport

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This study investigates the influences of ENSO on tropical cyclone (TC) kinetic energy and its meridional transport in the western North Pacific (WNP) using the TC wind field obtained after a method for removing TC vortices from reanalysis data is applied. Results show that ENSO strongly modulates TC kinetic energy and its meridional transport in the WNP, but their effects and regions differ. The TC kinetic energy is positively correlated with the Niño-3.4 index in the entire WNP, and its poleward transport is positively (negatively) correlated with the Niño-3.4 index in the eastern WNP (the western WNP and the South China Sea); these correlations are statistically significant. The maximum TC kinetic energy is located around 25°N, 135°E (25°N, 125°E) in the warm (cold) year, showing an east–west pattern during different ENSO phases. The meridional transport of TC kinetic energy exhibits a dipole pattern over the WNP, with the poleward (equatorward) transport in the eastern (western) WNP. Both poleward and equatorward transports strengthen (weaken) and shift eastward (westward) in El Niño (La Niña) years. Therefore, El Niño has strong influences on TC kinetic energy and its meridional transport.
Hypengyophobia: The Missing Vulnerability In Addiction Recovery

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Within the clinical work of professionals in the field of addictions, co-existing vulnerability factors are rampant. One impactful vulnerability which is seldom recognized by professionals but significantly effects an individual with addictions and his/her perception of the self and others is hypengyophobia. This is a fear of responsibility. Yet, taking responsibility in addiction is a major theme for healing. A life of passivity will not lead to recovery, and this is exactly the effect of hypengyophobia. Grounded in Jung’s (1933) psychodynamic theory, with a case study example included, understanding, recognition and an innovative treatment for this rarely explored vulnerability is forwarded to clinical professionals in addictions. Hypengyophobia is forwarded as an integral part of addictions’ treatment.
Effect of weaning age and milk feeding volume on growth performance of Nili-Ravi buffalo calves

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth performance of early or late weaned Nili-Ravi buffalo calves offered feeding regimes of low or high milk volumes. For this purpose, 48-day-old buffalo calves were randomly allocated to four treatments of twelve calves each. Calves were weaned either at day 56 (early weaned) or 84 (late weaned). Within each weaning age calves were offered milk at either 10% (low milk) or 15% (high milk) of their body weight. Early weaned calves were offered milk adjusted weekly until day 35; the calculated milk intake at day 35 was reduced by one-third in each of the last two weeks leading to the weaning of the calves at day 56. Late weaned calves were offered milk, adjusted weekly, until day 63 and weaned at day 84 by decreasing milk by one-third each week for the last two weeks. At week sixteen, late weaned calves had higher body weight and average daily gain than early weaned calves (p < .05). These same measurements were also higher in the high milk than the low milk fed calves (p < .05). Highest body weight and average daily gain was recorded in high milk late weaned calves and poorest in low milk early weaned calves. Early weaning or low milk volumes minimised the feeding costs, however, resulted in lower body weights and average daily gains. Thus, choices of pre-weaning feeding regimen should be made with feeding cost and performance of replacement calves kept in mind.
Treatment of a Transolecranon Fracture with Acute Osteochondral Bone Loss using Autologous Tricortical Bone Graft - A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Transolecranon fractures are complex fractures of the elbow that require adequate stabilization of the fracture fragments and greater sigmoid notch restoration in order to achieve good clinical outcomes.In case of articular osteochondral bone loss there is an increased risk of osteoarthritis and fracture non union which make this goal dif1icult to achieve with simple osteosynthesis.The authors describe the use of an Autologous tricortical pelvic bone graft to address the intra articular bone loss, describing the surgical Technique and showing the end result at 3 years post op.
Electron Densities Below 100 Kilometers at Midlatitudes (L = 2.5–4.0) During Solar Minimum and Maximum Years: Preliminary Model Calculations

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Electron production rates due to photoionization, q s (χ, h ), and particle precipitation, q p ( h ), have been calculated for the midlatitude ionosphere from 70 to 140 km for conditions typical of solar minimum and maximum years. A simple model in which E and D regions are defined by Lyman β, EUV (30–120 A), Lyman α, and X rays (2–10 A) is used. An atmospheric model having annual variations for the major constituents and a seasonally constant profile of nitric oxide is also incorporated in the calculations. Electron density profiles have been derived using recent estimates of α eff . Results of calculations are shown for solar zenith angles χ = 37° and 72°, typical of noon values for summer and winter seasons. Fluxes of precipitated electrons typical of geomagnetic midlatitudes (L = 2.5–3.5) are used. For both solar minimum and maximum years, the seasonal variations in q t (h) and N t (h) differ significantly from those of a Chapman layer, partly because production rates from 80 to 100 km due to particle precipitation are from 25 to 90% of the total. One aspect of the ‘heavily ionized’ winter lower ionosphere is discussed. Calculated diurnal variations in ionization for conditions typical of solar maximum years at higher latitudes ( L = 3.5–4.0) also reveal irregular variations with χ due to the particle precipitation contribution.
Nodal-Line Semimetals: Unlocking Geometric Potential in Quantum Information

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Nodal-line semimetals constitute a fascinating subclass within the family of topological materials in condensed matter physics. These unique materials are characterized by the intersection of their electronic energy bands along one or more closed or open lines within the Brillouin Zone, rather than at isolated points. These lines of intersection are termed "nodal lines," and along these lines, electrons can behave as if they were massless, leading to extraordinary electronic properties. The significance of nodal-line semimetals stems from the fundamental physical phenomena offered by these unique linear crossings, as well as the promising potential they hold for future technologies, particularly quantum computers. One of the most striking features of these materials is that their nodal lines are often topologically protected by specific crystal symmetries (e.g., mirror symmetry). This protection renders the nodal lines and their associated electronic states highly resilient to minor imperfections and disorder within the material. Considering that decoherence (the loss of quantum states by qubits) is the primary adversary of quantum computers, such topological stability is of vital importance. Nodal-line semimetals, through this inherent protection mechanism, could offer new pathways for developing more long-lived and fault-tolerant qubits. Another distinguishing characteristic of nodal-line semimetals is their ability to host exotic surface states with nearly flat energy bands, known as "drumhead surface states." These surface states are localized within the region bounded by the projection of the nodal line onto the surface and can possess a high density of states. The manipulation of these special surface states might enable novel quantum information processing schemes or topologically protected information carriers. Furthermore, the geometry and number of nodal lines can significantly influence the material's response to electromagnetic fields or mechanical strain. This makes nodal-line semimetals potential candidates for sensitive sensors or tuneable electronic/optical components. When a magnetic field is applied or symmetries are broken, a nodal line can split into Weyl points or a band gap can open, offering the possibility to dynamically control the material's properties. Such control mechanisms could be exploited for designing quantum switches or complex quantum circuit elements. In conclusion, nodal-line semimetals, with the rich physics offered by their linear band crossings and the advantages conferred by topological protection, carry immense potential for applications in quantum computing and beyond. Their drumhead surface states and tuneable electronic structures make them exciting systems for fundamental scientific research and prime candidates to become building blocks for future quantum technologies. Ongoing research in this area is anticipated to pave the way for more robust and powerful quantum computers.
Identification of an Immune-Related Prognostic Signature for Glioblastoma by Comprehensive Bioinformatics and Experimental Analyses

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM), which has a poor prognosis, accounts for 31% of all cancers in the brain and central nervous system. There is a paucity of research on prognostic indicators associated with the tumor immune microenvironment in GBM patients. Accurate tools for risk assessment of GBM patients are urgently needed. Methods: In this study, we used weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and differentially expressed gene (DEG) methods to screen out GBM-related genes among immune-related genes (IRGs). Then, we used survival analysis and Cox regression analysis to identify prognostic genes among the GBM-related genes to further establish a risk signature, which was validated using methods including ROC analysis, stratification analysis, protein expression level validation (HPA), gene expression level validation based on public cohorts, and RT-qPCR. In order to provide clinicians with a useful tool to predict survival, a nomogram based on an assessment of IRGs and clinicopathological features was constructed and further validated using DCA, time-dependent ROC curve, etc. Results: Three immune-related genes were found: PPP4C (p < 0.001, HR = 0.514), C5AR1 (p < 0.001, HR = 1.215), and IL-10 (p < 0.001, HR = 1.047). An immune-related prognostic signature (IPS) was built to calculate risk scores for GBM patients; patients classified into different risk groups had significant differences in survival (p = 0.006). Then, we constructed a nomogram based on an assessment of the IRG-based signature, which was validated as a potential prediction tool for GBM survival rates, showing greater accuracy than the nomogram without the IPS when predicting 1-year (0.35 < Pt < 0.50), 3-year (0.65 < Pt < 0.80), and 5-year (0.65 < Pt < 0.80) survival. Conclusions: In conclusion, we integrated bioinformatics and experimental approaches to construct an IPS and a nomogram based on IPS for predicting GBM prognosis. The signature showed strong potential for prognostic prediction and could help in developing more precise diagnostic approaches and treatments for GBM.
The social shaping of children's manufactured toys

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Children's manufactured toys both reflect and are shaped by many aspects of our society. This thesis specifically takes up two prominent social factors in the social shaping of toys. Firstly, commercial priorities have increasingly penetrated the design of toys, this being one aspect of the corporate organisation of children's play and leisure. An integral part of this has been an emphasis on the commodity and the life of commodities into which these toys fit, which subjugates more traditional play values. The thesis provides an explanation for much of the social shaping of today's most heavily marketed and popular toys by undertaking a political economy approach to the toy industry, its objectives and the changes within the industry.
A Mini Tutorial of Processing in Memory: From Principles, Devices to Prototypes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Data movement overheads caused by the recent explosion in big data applications have made traditional von Neumann architecture fails to tackle big data workloads. Processing in Memory (PIM), where computational tasks are performed within the memory, has drawn increasing attention. To present meaningful insights to readers, we divide current PIM paradigm into charge-based and resistance-based categories according to different memory devices. This mini tutorial aims to provide a concise overview of the implementation of PIM schemes, highlighting important macro prototypes in artificial intelligence applications that have been released in the past five years.
tert-Butylimido complexes of osmium-(VIII), -(VII) and -(VI). X-Ray crystal structures of [(ButN)2Os(µ-NBut)2Os(NBut)(µ-O)]2, [Os(NBut)2(µ-NBut)]2and [Os(NBut)2(µ-NBut)]2[BF4]2

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The interaction of OsO4 with neat NHBut(SiMe3) gives the first homoleptic osmium(VIII) imido compound, Os(NBut)41, together with the tetranuclear osmium(VI) oxo-imido complex [(ButN)2Os(µ-NBut)2Os(NBut)(µ-O)]22. Complex 1 can be reduced to the osmium(VI) dimer, [Os(NBut)2(µ-NBut)]23, by triphenylphosphine or by sodium amalgam in tetrahydrofuran; with trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate an unusual reduction reaction leads to the osmium(VII) dimeric cationic complex [Os(NBut)2(µ-NBut)]2[BF4]24. The syntheses of Os(NR)3, R = 2,6-Me2C6H35, or 2,6-Pri2C6H36, by interaction of OsO4 with NHR(SiMe3) are reported. The X-ray crystal structures of 2, 3 and 4 have been determined. Compound 2 has a chain tetrameric structure with two (ButN)2Os(µ-NBut)2Os(NBut)(µ-O) units linked by a dioxo bridge. The outer Os atoms are four-co-ordinate, distorted tetrahedral, the inner Os atoms five-co-ordinate, square pyramidal. The bridging Os–N distances to the inner, five-co-ordinate osmiums are shorter than those to the outer osmiums; the terminal Os–N distances are essentially the same for both types of osmium. Compound 3 and the cation in 4 are dimers with imido bridges. The main difference between them is a significant shortening in the Os…Os distance in the osmium(VIII) compound as a result of Os–Os single bond formation. This also results in a slight shortening of the Os–N bridge distances in 4 as compared to the neutral molecule 3.
Dual‐edge triggered JK flip‐flop with comprehensive analysis in quantum‐dot cellular automata

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Quantum‐dot cellular automata (QCA), a new computing paradigm at nanoscale, may be a prospective substitution of conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)‐based integrated circuits. A new dual‐edge triggered JK flip‐flop based on a novel dual‐edge triggered structure with less fundamental building gates is proposed in QCA domain in this study. To get a more robust triggered structure, the probabilistic transfer matrix is employed to analyse the reliability of the structure. The functionalities of the dual‐edge triggered structure and JK flip‐flop are verified with QCADesigner, a simulation tool widely used. By arranging the clock zones serially and QCA cells logically, compared with previous circuits, both of the proposed triggered structure and JK flip‐flop perform well in terms of cells count, area, complexity, QCA cost and power dissipation at different tunnelling energy levels at 2 K temperature, respectively.
<title>3D simulation of tissue pathological changes localization</title>

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Universal algorithm for mathematical simulation of biological objects structure visualization is presented. Monte Carlo algorithm was chosen as a basic simulation method. The mathematical model is implemented in TracePro Expert virtual environment. Developed scheme and mathematical model allow to calculate absorbed and scattered laser radiation spatial distribution in arbitrary structure and configuration of multilayer biological media. The purpose of analytic scheme is to improve optical surface inhomogeneous registration and spatial localization method that will result in noninvasive and contactless in vivo diagnostics of different nature anomalous formations.
Clusters of galaxies from the Shane-Wirtanen counts

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

view Abstract Citations (144) References (13) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Clusters of galaxies from the Shane-Wirtanen counts. Shectman, S. A. Abstract A sample of 646 clusters of galaxies has been selected from the Shane-Wirtanen counts in 10arcmin bins by finding local density maxima above a threshold value, after lightly smoothing the data to reduce the effect of the sampling grid. The procedure finds 70% of Abell clusters at distance class 4, and 10% at distance class 5, but only 40% of the Shane-Wirtanen clusters are members of the Abell catalog. A sample of 97 redshifts of Shane-Wirtanen clusters exhibits the same distribution as Abell distance class D ≤ 4 clusters. The Shane-Wirtanen clusters have a higher space density than Abell clusters and may provide a clearer picture of the spatial distribution of clusters. Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series Pub Date: January 1985 DOI: 10.1086/190996 Bibcode: 1985ApJS...57...77S Keywords: Astronomical Catalogs; Galactic Clusters; Spatial Distribution; Angular Correlation; Histograms; Velocity Distribution; Astronomy full text sources ADS | data products SIMBAD (654) NED (254)
Darwin's construction of the theory of evolution: Microdevelopment of explanations of variation and change in species

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The process of building new knowledge can seem mysterious, and microdevelopmental analysis shows great promise for unpacking some of that mystery (Dunbar, 2001; Fischer, 1980b; Granott, 1998; Klahr, 2000; Werner, 1948). How do people bootstrap themselves and others to build new knowledge? Performing such analysis, however, requires obtaining detailed information about how people build knowledge and skill in real time. Tracking changes with assessments that are performed only at widely separated intervals – the norm in developmental research – makes the process seem mysterious. For knowledge that leads to conceptual revolutions, such as Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, the mystery appears deep and impenetrable.
Cellular and molecular mechanisms of asbestos‐induced fibrosis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Pleural and pulmonary fibrosis (asbestosis) are ramifications of occupational exposures to asbestos fibers, a diverse family of ubiquitous, naturally-occurring minerals. The pathogenesis of asbestos-associated fibrosis involves the participation of a number of cell types and is characterized by an early and persistent inflammatory response that involves the generation of oxidants, growth factors, chemokines, and cytokines. These mediators may also contribute directly to cell injury, proliferation, and fibrogenesis. After interaction with cells, asbestos fibers trigger a number of signaling cascades involving mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). Activation of transcription factors such as NF-κB and activator protein-1 (AP-1) may be linked to increases in early response genes (e.g., c-jun and c-fos) which govern proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammatory changes in the cells of the lung. The goal of this article is to review the cellular and molecular mechanisms of asbestos-induced fibrosis that may be critical to the development of effective treatment regimens. J. Cell. Physiol. 180:158–166, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Design, Modeling and structural Analysis of small scale mechanically driven crop harvesting and threshing machine for Ethiopian Condition

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study addresses the need for a cost-effective mechanized system to which harvest and thresh cereal crops in Ethiopia, aiming to improve productivity and reduce reliance on expensive and complex machinery. The research involved a comprehensive literature review, data collection, mechanism synthesis, component design, Modeling, and Structural analysis. The 3D modeling is done using SOLIDWORK software. Also, Structural analysis was conducted using ANSYS software, ensuring the safety and reliability of the design. The proposed machine, operated by human power, demonstrated the ability to harvest and thresh crops across a one-hectare area in 5.83 hours, offering a viable alternative to traditional methods. The findings suggest that this mechanized system presents a practical solution for Ethiopian farmers, reducing labor requirements, eliminating the need for electricity or fuel, and minimizing operational costs. This innovation enhances efficiency, affordability, ease of operation, and ensures the design is safe, making it an appealing option for enhancing agricultural productivity in the country.
U-Shaped Relationship Between Board of Directors’ Disparity And Corporates’ Strategy Adjustment

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

We selected all A-share listed companies as a sample.Through the empirical analysis of three consecutive years' panel data from 2010 to 2013, we validated the U-type relationship between board of directors' disparity and strategic adjustment of the enterprise, and the moderating role of executive chain network.We found: (1) The impact of disparity on business diversification is U-shaped; (2) The adjustment effect of board network to the relationship between board disparity and corporates' strategy adjustment is rejected.This paper provides suggestions for the equity adjustment of boards' ownership structure, and presents evidence that external networks influences enterprises' strategic decision, thus providing a new theoretical perspective for China to generate a more mature specification for the board of directors 'system.