jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Efficient estimator for distributed RSS-based localization in wireless sensor networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We address the received signal strength (RSS) based target localization problem in large-scale cooperative wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Using the noisy RSS measurements, we formulate the localization problem based on the maximum likelihood (ML) criterion. Although ML-based solutions have asymptotically optimal performance, the derived localization problem is non-convex. To overcome this difficulty, we propose a convex relaxation leading to second-order cone programming (SOCP) estimator, which can be solved efficiently by interior-point algorithms. Moreover, we investigate the case where target nodes limit the number of cooperating nodes by selecting only those neighbors with the highest RSS. This simple procedure can reduce the energy consumption of an algorithm in both communication and computation phase. Our simulation results show that the proposed approach outperforms significantly the existing ones in terms of the estimation accuracy and convergence. Furthermore, the new approach does not suffer significant performance degradation when the number of cooperating nodes is reduced.
Geometric Realizations of Bi-Hamiltonian Completely Integrable Systems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we present an overview of the connection between completely integrable systems and the background geometry of the flow. This relation is better seen when using a group-based concept of moving frame introduced by Fels and Olver in [Acta Appl. Math. 51 (1998), 161-213; 55 (1999), 127-208]. The paper discusses the close connection between different types of geometries and the type of equations they realize. In particular, we describe the direct relation between symmetric spaces and equations of KdV-type, and the possible geometric origins of this connection.
Price Theory and Money Coupled: some Remarks on the Ayres-Martin�s Theory

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The main concern of economic science is to explain the Wealth of Nations. This tradition implies on the one hand, that wealth must be evaluated i.e.: economic science must elaborate a price theory; on the other hand, money should be integrated in economic theories because prices are expressed in monetary terms. Mainstream economic theory succeeds in price determination (with some limits) but fails on money integration, while non-mainstream monetary models succeed on money integration but fail on price determination. In this paper I argue that the Ayres-Martinas theoretical framework is a promising tentative to cope with this challenge of economic science.
A kinetic model for the neutral gas between plasma and wall

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Starting from the Boltzmann equation for the neutral gas in a plasma, an integral equation for the density of the neutral gas is derived. Inelastic collisions are taken into account only as charge exchange and ionisation. The integral equation is solved numerically. It is shown that the reflection mechanism of neutral particles from the wall modifies the density profile. The distribution function of the charge exchange neutrals deviates from a Maxwellian, and for fast particles (v>vth) we obtain f0 approximately v-1exp(-(v2/vi)). The total particle and energy fluxes on the wall are also calculated.
Differential expression of GPD1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of GPD1, encoding glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1, in the skeletal muscle of patients with ALS. GPD1 was also differentially expressed in the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neurons of patients with ALS. GPD1 transcript was present at significantly lower levels in ALS patient skeletal muscle as compared to control skeletal muscle. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
Naegleria fowleri in 2023: A rising threat to Pakistan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Madam, Naegleria fowleri, i.e., brain-eating amoeba, is a single-cell, free-living parasite that resides in soil and warm freshwater bodies such as lakes, rivers, and hot springs. It enters the nasal cavity from contaminated water, uses the olfactory nerve to reach the brain, and causes a deadly infection called primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), with a mortality rate higher than 97% even with treatment. (1,2) It causes symptoms similar to those of other bacterial and viral meningitis, such as fever, headache, vomiting, altered level of consciousness and coma, followed by death in the span of a week to 10 days. (1) There are 20 strains of Naegleria world worldwide, but only N. fowleri is dangerous to humans. (1) In 2008, the first case was reported from Karachi, Pakistan. (2) By 2019, the number had reached 146, (2) and the cases have been increasing until now. In 2023, eight cases have been reported from May to August, among which seven are from the province of Sindh and one from Punjab. (3, 4, 6) The available data shows that two deaths were due to recreational water activities and others because of contaminated tap water.(3,4) This pathogenic amoeba commonly infects men, and the majority of cases were in people aged 26 to 45 years.(1) Of all the reported cases this year, one was a 32-year-old female, and seven were males in the aged 19-45 years.(3,4, 6) The increasing global warming and higher authorities' negligence towards WHO recommended chlorination (0.1-10 mg/L) of domestic water supply are contributing factors to the higher burden of Naegleria fowleri cases in Karachi, the largest metropolitan city of Pakistan .(5) The new lethal strain of N. fowleri, named as Karachi-NF001, has been found in one patient who traveled from Saudi Arabia to Karachi in 2019. (2) These emerging cases concern strict actions against this problem and the need to alert the Karachi Water and Sewerage Board (KWSB) regarding consistent chlorination from April to October. (5) The monsoon season (May to September) is the best time to spread awareness regarding its prevention and update the current status of N. fowleri in our country. The general public should be encouraged to use boiled or sterilised water for ablution and avoid aquatic activities in non-chlorinated water during the summer season. (3) Besides that, all underground and overhead water tanks in homes, hospitals, shopping malls, schools, offices, etc. should be cleaned once a year. (3)
Fructose induces metabolic reprogramming in liver cancer cells, promoting aggressiveness and chemotherapy resistance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: Fructose is a highly lipogenic compound related to the onset of steatosis, its progression to steatohepatitis, and the eventual initiation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). One of the cancer hallmarks is the metabolic adaptation to the environmental sources; however, this characteristic could be exploited to manipulate the HCC tumor’s response to therapies. Due to the high prevalence in the consumption of diets enriched with fructose and the unclear results in the literature, it is pertinent to characterize the effects of fructose on the biology of HCC as a possible beneficial player in the aggressiveness of this cancer. We focused on investigating the metabolic effect of fructose on the aggressiveness of liver cancer cells and chemotherapy response. Methods: We treated Huh-7 and HepG2 liver cancer cell lines with 1 mM fructose to address the metabolic reprogramming and its fructose-induced effects. Results: Cancer cells use fructose as an alternative fuel source in glucose-starved conditions, ensuring tumorigenic properties and cell survival in both cell lines. The metabolic effect differed depending on cell line origin and aggressiveness. Conclusions: HCC cells showed a metabolic adaptation under fructose treatment, enhancing the pentose phosphate pathway to fuel anabolism. Metabolic rewiring also improves the tumorigenic properties and chemoresistance of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, contributing to chemotherapy failure and the aggressiveness of liver cancer cells.
Micro-Foundations of Congestion and Pricing: A Game Theory Perspective

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper develops congestion theory and congestion pricing theory from its microfoundations, the interaction of two or more vehicles. Using game theory, with a two-player game it is shown that the emergence of congestion depends on the players-relative valuations of early arrival, late arrival, and journey delay. Congestion pricing can be used as a cooperation mechanism to minimize total costs (if returned to the players). The analysis is then extended to the case of the three-player game, which illustrates congestion as a negative externality imposed on players who do not themselves contribute to it.
Revisiting judgment translation in Hong Kong

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract As Hong Kong is the only common law jurisdiction operating in Chinese, alongside English, writing a common law judgment in Chinese is like exploring an uncharted domain in legal discourse. Apart from those judgments originally written in Chinese, Chinese judgments have also been prepared by way of translation from English. Besides, there are also English translations of Chinese judgments of jurisprudential value. Judgments in Hong Kong therefore present an interesting case for study both from a legal point of view and from the perspective of discourse analysis. As Chinese judgments in Hong Kong to a large extent mirror images of their English counterparts, they provide us with insights into how judicial thinking embodied in one language is carried over to another. As the translation of court judgments can serve as a clue to the understanding of how judicial thinking is transferred and reflected in another language, this study looks into some of the fundamental problems of legal translation in general and translation of court judgments in particular, showing how the sociosemiotic approach can shed light on those problems.
Terrestrial invertebrate organisms found in litter of maple hardwood, red pine, and grass during winter.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A winter environment contains many varied habitats which are challenging to study, not the least of which is the leaf litter habitat, the focus of this project and report. In taking specimens from three basic litter areas, including hardwood forest floor, pine forest floor, and grassland, there are many angles from which the kinds and numbers of terrrestrial invertebrate organisms present may be studied. This project was designed to be a very basic sample and information gathering process from which some conclusions might be drawn between inhabitants of summer and winter litter in general., also summer and winter inhabitants of litter of the same type, accompanied by another goal of comparing differences between inhabitants of hardwood, pine, and grassland litter in the winter months.
Understanding the Experiences of Students Identified as Uninvolved at the University of San Diego

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to explore and understand why students are not involved at the University of San Diego (USD). My research question is: How can I help the Student Leadership Involvement and Changemaking (SLIC) better understand the experiences of students who are uninvolved at USD? Participants for this study included involved and uninvolved students at USD. After conducting this research and learning more about studentsâ involvement experiences, I have strengthened my professional practice in designing, programming and/or changing a structure of our department to make it more engaging and welcoming to students. Understanding some of the studentsâ involvement experiences at USD helped create recommendations for restructuring involvement initiatives such as the Involvement Consultant (IC) program, the AlcalÃ¡ Bazaar, as well as the promotion of events and extracurricular activities around campus.
Tooth impaction: A new variable in difficulty index of third molar extraction

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Third molar surgery is one of the major events carried out world-wide in a maxillofacial clinic. Preoperative assessment of surgical difficulty is fundamental to planning of extraction of impacted third molars. Various models for this assessment have been proposed but none is universally applicable. Although several studies have identified a plethora of factors associated with extraction difficulty, as measured via a wide variety of proxy variables, still, there are conflicting reports and wide variations of the enumerated factors. Adding to the existing knowledge, through this communication we would like to suggest that tooth impaction should also be considered as a variable of difficult third molar extraction. It requires both surgical expertise and added operating time thus affecting difficulty index.So we suggest tooth impaction should be considered as a difficulty assessment tool and studies be carried out to produce an evidence based database. Health Renaissance 2015;13(2): 180-182
Effects of intrathecal midazolam in potentiating the analgesic effect of intrathecal dexmedetomidine in elderly patient undergoing hip repair surgeries

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective This study was designed to assess the effect of intrathecal midazolam on dexmedetomidine with a low-dose bupivacaine in elderly patients undergoing hip repair surgery.Materials and methods This is a double-blind study involving 75 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status II and III aged over 60 years scheduled for elective hip repair surgery under intrathecal anesthesia. They were randomly divided into three groups: control (C group) received 7.5 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine, dexmedetomidine group (D group) received 7.5 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine+5 μg of dexmedetomidine, and dexmedetomidine+midazolam group (DM) received 7.5 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine+5 μg of dexmedetomidine+1 mg of midazolam. The onset and duration of sensory and motor blockade, intraoperative hemodynamic change, and postoperative analgesia were recorded.Results Compared with group C, the groups D and DM had significantly faster onset of sensory block (P=0.032 and 0.0001, respectively), faster onset of motor block (P=0.024 and 0.006, respectively), prolonged duration of sensory block (P=0.003 and 0.0001, respectively), prolonged duration of motor block (P=0.015 and 0.002, respectively), prolonged duration of postoperative analgesia (P=0.0001), and significantly decreased postoperative visual analog scale sedation score for 12 h. Compared with group D, group DM had a significantly longer duration of sensory block (P=0.012), longer duration of postoperative analgesia (P=0.042), and postoperative visual analog scale significantly decreased for 12 h postoperatively.Conclusion Intrathecal addition of 1 mg midazolam to 5 µg dexmedetomidine and 7.5 mg 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine provided intraoperative hemodynamic stability, prolonged motor, and sensory block as well as potentiating the postoperative analgesic.
Exploring expanded carrier screening in Canadian genetics services

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Expanded carrier screening (ECS) is a genetic test that can screen an individual for their carrier status for hundreds of genetic conditions. This test is not part of routine healthcare in Canada however is accessible to Canadians as a private pay genetic test. ECS has been available for approximately a decade, during which time studies have explored American and European genetic health professionals’ (GHPs) experiences and opinions of ECS and have identified potential challenges and opportunities for ECS in the genetics clinic. The opinions and experience of Canadian GHPs with ECS has yet to be explored and may be uniquely shaped by working in a public healthcare system. This study used a mixed-methods design using both quantitative (survey) and qualitative (interview) data to explore ECS in the Canadian genetics clinic. GHPs recruited to the study included genetic counsellors, geneticists and molecular geneticists currently working in Canada. The majority of survey respondents had experience counselling patients for ECS, did not have an institutional or clinic policy regarding the discussion of ECS and reported that discussions of ECS arose a few times a year. Differences in opinions were observed between respondents with the most ECS experience and those with the least. The majority of survey respondents agreed that with additional training, obstetricians, gynecologists or family physicians are best suited to provide pre-test counselling for ECS. Thematic analysis of the interviews revealed four themes related to GHP experience and opinions: ECS as a reactive option, Canadians should be made aware of ECS, public healthcare barriers to discussing ECS and GHPs as informed healthcare consumers. Overall, the insights gained from this exploratory study provide a foundation for future studies regarding ECS in Canada.
Europe Byzantium and the "Intellectual Silence" of Rus Culture

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This book sets out to answer the question of why Eastern Church writers showed no interest in analytical reasoning - the so-called 'intellectual silence' of Rus' culture - while Western Church writers, by the time of the Scholastics, routinely incorporated analytical reasoning into their defences of the faith.Donald Ostrowski suggests that Western, post-Enlightenment- trained, analytical scholars often miss the point, not because of an inability to comprehend cultural ideas which seem abstract and ineffable, but because the agenda is different.
Sir Thomas Wyatt and the Birds of Fortune: A Postscript

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Sir Thomas Wyatt and the Birds of Fortune: A Postscript Get access H.A.M. H.A.M. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Cambridge Quarterly, Volume VIII, Issue 2, 1978, Pages 191-b–194, https://doi.org/10.1093/camqtly/VIII.2.191-b Published: 01 June 1978
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Using in Situ Bilateral Internal Thoracic Arteries

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

現在最も低侵襲で長期予後の望める術式とされるin situ all arterial OPCABを目指して,重要な要素である内胸動脈の使用法について検討した.2000年10月から2004年3月までの単独CABGで内胸動脈を使用した217例を対象とした.2002年8月より積極的に両側内胸動脈を使用しはじめ,とくにexclusion criteriaは設けなかった.片側使用(UITA)104例,両側使用(BITA)113例.平均年齢は(UITA vs.BITA)68.1歳vs.67.5歳,糖尿病48vs.43,緊急準緊急例24vs.33,左主幹部病変37vs.38,その他術前因子で両群間に差は認めなかった.全吻合箇所はUITA 314 vs.BITA 410,平均バイパス3.02/人vs.3.63.人,動脈のみの再建例66(63%)vs.104(92%),内胸動脈のin situ使用率100%(104/104本)vs.96%(216/226本),OPCAB率は98例(94%)vs.112例(99%)であった.術後合併症は脳血管障害0vs.1,PMI 0vs.1,腎機能障害3vs.5,呼吸不全2vs.2,胸骨感染1vs.0,手術死亡0vs.1(腸管虚血),グラフト開存率は98.7%vs.99.4%であった.内胸動脈の片側使用例と両側使用例を比較検討した.両側内胸動脈を使用したCABGは技術的に十分可能で安全であり,良好な早期成績が得られた.Sequential吻合などの技術の進歩とともにin situ all arterial OPCABは将来標準術式化されることが予想される.
The Performance of Microfinance Institutions on Poverty Reduction: A Case of Pride Tanzania in the City of Mwanza

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Microfinance is one area which has to be considered by all development partners for the purpose of improving the income and livelihood of rural and urban poor people. This study intended to examine the performance of microfinance institutions on poverty reduction in terms of accessibility to microfinance services, employment creation, income growth and livelihood improvement as well as sustainability of MFIs as an outcome of government efforts towards the strategy of fighting against poverty among the poor communities especially in rural and urban areas. The study employed a case study design within a framework of mixed methodology whereby purposive and random sampling procedures were used to select a sample of 231 respondents which involved 200 PRIDE clients, 23 PRIDE staffs and 21 WEOs. Data were collected through the use of questionnaires, interviews, focused group discussions and documentary reviews. The qualitative data were analysed following the Miles & Huberman Model of Qualitative Data Analysis while the quantitative data were coded and analysed statistically by the use of computer software (SPSS version 15) giving frequencies and percentages. The findings of the study revealed that, microfinance is very essential for economic development as it plays a significant role towards poverty reduction. However, it was found that MFIs are not much effective in performing their role of reducing poverty in Tanzania. In particular, it was revealed that the accessibility to microfinance services among the poor people is still very low. On the other hand, the findings revealed that, there is little emphasis on the provision of business education to the clients before and after receiving loans such that majority of the entrepreneurs conduct their business through experience. Based on the research findings, the study recommended that both the government and microfinance institutions should strive to improve the financial infrastructure in order to expand accessibility to more people. This could be done by lowering the interest rates and increasing grace period. On the other hand, microfinance institutions should provide enterprising education to their clients in order to make them more effective.
Compact models for influential nodes identification problem in directed networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Influential nodes identification problem (INIP) is one of the most important problems in complex networks. Existing methods mainly deal with this problem in undirected networks, while few studies focus on it in directed networks. Moreover, the methods designed for identifying influential nodes in undirected networks do not work for directed networks. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate INIP in directed networks. We first propose a novel metric to assess the influence effect of nodes in directed networks. Then, we formulate a compact model for INIP and prove it to be NP-Complete. Furthermore, we design a novel heuristic algorithm for the proposed model by integrating a 2-opt local search into a greedy framework. The experimental results show that, in most cases, the proposed methods outperform traditional measure-based heuristic methods in terms of accuracy and discrimination.
THE ULTRASONOGRAPHY EXAMINATION OF SKELETAL MUSCLES IN TRAUMATIC ISCHEMIA (EXPERIMENTAL STUDY)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim: To establish indicators and significance of sonography in the evaluation of muscle necrosis in ischemia of the limb acording to quantitative ultrasonographic indicators and density of collagen by histological method. Materials and methods: In experiments, rabbits modeled with 6-hour limb ischemia by applying an elastic tourniquet. On days 5, 15, and 30, ultrasound and histological studies of the muscles and correlation analysis were performed between the muscles’ entropy and the degree of their damage (atrophy, fibrosis and necrosis). Results: The relative amount of structurally altered tissue was estimated morphometrically and compared with entropy. A high correlation of muscle damage with vertical δ-entropy indicates that sonography is highly likely to detect areas of necrosis and, to a lesser extent, fibrosis in the development of ischemic limb contracture in the early stages. Conclusions: Vertical δ-entropy in sonography is a significant indicator of muscle damage after traumatic ischemia and has strong relationship with muscle fibrosis.