jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Delivery to Hypothalamic Magnocellular Neurons in Mice

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract —Vasopressin is synthesized by magnocellular neurons in supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) hypothalamic nuclei and released by their axon terminals in the neurohypophysis (NH). With its actions as an antidiuretic hormone and vasoactive agent, vasopressin plays a pivotal role in the control of body fluids and cardiovascular homeostasis. Because of its well-defined neurobiology and functional importance, the SON/PVN-NH system is ideal to establish methods for gene transfer of genetic material into specific pathways in the mouse central nervous system. In these studies, we compared the efficiency of transferring the gene lacZ, encoding for β - galactosidase (β-gal), versus a gene encoding for green fluorescent protein by using replication-deficient adenovirus (Ad) vectors in adult mice. Transfection with viral concentrations up to 2×10 7 plaque-forming units per coverslip of NH, PVN, and SON in dissociated, cultured cells caused efficient transfection without cytotoxicity. However, over an extended period of time, higher levels (50% to 75% of the cells) of β - gal expression were detected in comparison with green fluorescent protein (5% to 50% of the cells). With the use of a stereotaxic approach, the pituitary glands of mice were injected with Ad (4×10 6 plaque-forming units). In material from these animals, we were able to visualize the expression of the β - gal gene in the NH and in magnocellular neurons of both the PVN and SON. The results of these experiments indicate that Ad–Rous sarcoma virus promoter–β - gal is taken up by nerve terminals at the injection site (NH) and retrogradely transported to the soma of the neurons projecting to the NH. We conclude that the application of these experimental approaches will provide powerful tools for physiological studies and potential approaches to deliver therapeutic genes to treat diseases.
[A case report of congenital bronchial atresia--a review of 43 cases in Japan].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our case is a 20 years old man. An abnormal mass shadow and emphysematous lesion were found in the left S3 segment on a chest roentgenogram. A bronchogram revealed a left B3 defect. A complete obstruction of the left B3 bronchi covered with normal mucosa was found with a bronchoscopy. Since the patients suffered repeated respiratory infection, a left S3 segmentectomy was performed. Histological examination showed emphysematous change and the normally developed bronchi containing ciliated epithelium and cartilage. We found that, including this case, there are altogether 44 cases of congenital bronchial atresia in Japan. The literature of those cases was reviewed and discussed.
Lessons in Media Literacy and Students' Comprehension of Television and Text Advertisements.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A Media Studies program enhances the goals of formal schooling by providing every student with knowledge and skills to wisely select, access and use the communications and information tools they will need to be responsible citizens in a free society. All students deserve a good media education. This paper provides a model to address this need through the successful implementation of a Media Studies program with students who are identified as at-risk and who need a special education. This study employed a non-equivalent control group design, identifying one treatment group, and one control group within the same high school. Students enrolled in a Reconnecting Youth special program and were taught 15 formal lessons in media literacy. The control group was composed of six males, and the treatment group was composed of five males and one female. The six students in the treatment group were all selected for the Reconnecting Youth special class because they wished to make changes in their drug and alcohol use, school attendance, or mood management. The control group students, considered to be mainstream students, were randomly selected from the Reconnecting Youth teacher's other classes. The study's findings provide empirical evidence that students benefited from these formal lessons in media literacy. It can be argued that the media literacy lessons helped the treatment group to better comprehend television advertisements and text advertisements. (Contains 33 references and 4 tables.) (AEF) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Lessons in Media Literacy and Students' Comprehension of Television and Text Advertisements PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY Nan Verkaik, Santa Barbara High School nverkaik@aol.com
Distribution of vesicular glutamate transporters in the brain of the turtle (Pseudemys scripta elegans)

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract The distribution of glutamatergic neurons has been extensively studied in mammalian and avian brains, but its distribution in a reptilian brain remains unknown. In the present study, the distribution of subpopulations of glutamatergic neurons in the turtle brain was examined by in situ hybridization using probes for vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) 1–3. Strong VGLUT1 expression was observed in the telencephalic pallium; the mitral cells of the olfactory bulb, the medial, dorsomedial, dorsal, and lateral parts of the cerebral cortex, pallial thickening, and dorsal ventricular ridge; and also, in granule cells of the cerebellar cortex. Moderate to weak expression was found in the lateral and medial amygdaloid nuclei, the periventricular cellular layer of the optic tectum, and in some brainstem nuclei. VGLUT2 was weakly expressed in the telencephalon but was intensely expressed in the dorsal thalamic nuclei, magnocellular part of the isthmic nucleus, brainstem nuclei, and the rostral cervical segment of the spinal cord. The cerebellar cortex was devoid of VGLUT2 expression. The central amygdaloid nucleus did not express VGLUT1 or VGLUT2. VGLUT3 was localized in the parvocellular part of the isthmic nucleus, superior and inferior raphe nuclei, and cochlear nucleus. Our results indicate that the distribution of VGLUTs in the turtle brain is similar to that in the mammalian brain rather than that in the avian brain.
The Acute Effects of Antagonist Stretching on Agonist Movement Economy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Current research on the effects of stretching on movement performance varies. However, these studies focused on stretching agonist and antagonist muscle responsible for movement production. Few studies investigated the influence of antagonist stretching on exercise performance. The purpose of this study is to examine the acute effects of antagonist stretching on agonist movement economy. 14 participants (5 male, 9 females; 168.32 ± 7.63 cm stature; 65.00 ± 7.28 kg mass) completed baseline active ROM (AROM) and passive ROM (PROM) measurements. The experimental design required participants to complete two 5 min trials of seated hip abduction movement, one pre-stretching and one post-stretching (criterion >15% PROM). Each trial required participants to abduct (and adduct) both legs to 90% of AROM repeatedly for 5 min. The task was performed with no external resistance, only dependent upon the ability of agonist to perform the movement, while overcoming the resistance of the antagonist musculature. Principles of indirect calorimetry were used to calculate energy expenditure (kJ•min-1). Paired t-tests compared energy expenditure of the stretching and non-stretching trials. A greater PROM in post-stretching than pre-stretching was observed with an increase in PROM of 21.6±4.5° (p<0.001). There was also greater AROM in post-than pre-stretching with an increase in of 11.3± 9.2° (p<0.001). Less energy was expended during post-compared to pre-stretching exercise, with a decrease in EE of 0.66 ± 1.17kJ•min-1 (p<0.05). Increasing antagonist ROM by stretching resulted in a decrease in agonist energy expenditure and may be a viable mechanism to increase athletic performance.
Highly Thermal-Conductive Cubic Boron Arsenide: Single-Crystal Growth, Properties, and Future Thin-Film Epitaxy

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Heat dissipation has become a critical challenge in modern electronics, driving the need for a revolution in thermal management strategies beyond traditional packaging materials, thermal interface materials, and heat sinks. Cubic boron arsenide (c-BAs) offers a promising solution, thanks to its combination of high thermal conductivity and high ambipolar mobility, making it highly suitable for applications in both electronic devices and thermal management. However, challenges remain, particularly in the large-scale synthesis of a high-quality material and the tuning of its physical properties. This Perspective reviews key research on c-BAs and discusses the future potential of van der Waals (vdW) epitaxy and remote epitaxy for preparing high-quality c-BAs thin-films. Based on superlattice area mismatch calculations, we predict some potential substrates for these epitaxy techniques. Three important design considerations for future vdW or remote epitaxy of c-BAs thin-films are identified: superlattice matching at the heterointerface, the kinetics of B and As adatoms, and the surface modification of vdW or vdW/3D substrates.
Neonatal Hearing Rescreening in a Second Level Hospital: Problems and Solutions

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Second-level hospitals face peculiarities that hinder the implementation of the hearing rescreening protocol, which are not uncommon in other settings. This study analyzes the hearing rescreening process in this kind of hospital. A total of 1130 individuals were included. In this cohort, 61.07% were newborns in the hospital who failed their first otoemission test after birth (n=679) or were unable to have the test performed (n=11), then being referred to outpatient clinic. The remaining 38.93% were individuals who were born in another hospital with their first test conducted in the outpatient clinic (n=440). A high amount of rescreenings were made outside the recommended time frame, mainly in children referred from another hospital. There was a high rate of lost to follow-up especially with otolaryngologist referrals. Neonatal Hearing screening in second level hospitals is difficult because of the staffing and time constraints. This results in longer than recommended turnaround times and interferes with the timely detection of hearing loss. This is particularly serious in outpatients. Referral of children with impaired screening to out-of-town centers leads to unacceptable loss of follow-up. A legislative support for all these rescreening issues is necessary. We discuss these findings and propose some solutions.
The revised Taxonomic Placement of the Three Species of Psalmopoeus Pocock, 1895 Described by R. I. Pocock in 1903 (Araneae: Theraphosidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Three species of the genus PsalmopoeusPocock, 1895 which were described by Pocock (1903) are taxonomically reevaluated. P. ecclesiasticusPocock, 1903 is redescribed, with the genital organ morphology of both sexes illustrated and its distribution discussed. P. emeraldusPocock, 1903 is considered species inquirenda due to a lack of viable taxonomical features and P. plantarisPocock, 1903 is tentatively maintained with discussion on its described colouration. The presence of elongate lyra emergent from dark circular bases is recognised as a valuable generic differentiator but questions are raised over the validity of the stridulation organ as a viable taxonomic feature for species level identification within the genus Psalmopoeus.
An Improvised Viscometric Technique of Studying the Effect of Temperature on Liquid Flow Behaviour

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Chemical Physcis Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kancht Mamunivar Centre for P G. Studies, Lawspet, Pondicherry-605 008 Manuscript received 30 December 1994, revised 22 August 1995, accepted 27 October 1995 An Improvised Viscometric Technique of Studying the Effect of Temperature on Liquid Flow Behaviour
Railroad Electrification in the Pacific Area

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Several Pacific area countries, at different levels of development, have recently installed extensive railroad electrification in response to the increasing scarcity and high cost of diesel fuel. Japan is the leader in the region, with nearly half its rail network electrified. As in Japan, European railroads have been extensively electrified, and recent designs now form the basis for applications worldwide. Current electrification programs in Pacific area countries are described, as well as future plans. Three factors are expected to generate even more extensive railroad electrification in many Pacific countries: higher fuel prices, increasing traffic levels, and improved electrification system designs.
Distributed Nonlinear Least-Squares Solver for Practical Network Determination

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An integral step in an ultra-wideband localization network installation is determining the positions of the fixed infrastructure nodes, the anchors. This process is time-consuming and usually requires specialized equipment. Additionally, it is difficult to achieve scalability, as any change or addition in the network requires a redetermination of the affected anchors. One can automate this process by utilizing the distance-measuring capabilities of the network infrastructure and employing a distributed position estimation algorithm, such as the consensus subgradient (CSG) algorithm. Yet, the CSG suffers from scalability issues due to high problem dimensionality and data-sharing bottlenecks in practical applications. Consequently, implementation in embedded devices is difficult. In this article, we propose a modification of this algorithm, the neighborhood CSG, which aims toward embedded implementation by local reduction of the problem dimensions without hindering the precision of the original CSG algorithm or its convergence rate.
SH3BP1 Regulates Melanoma Progression Through Race1/Wace2 Signaling Pathway

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: SH3-domain binding protein-1 (SH3BP1), which specifically inactivates Rac1 and its target protein Wave2, has been shown to be an important regulator of cancer metastasis. However, the effects of SH3BP1 in melanoma progression remain unclear. The current study aimed to explore the function of SH3BP1 in melanoma and its possible molecular mechanism. Methods: TCGA database was used to analyze the expression of SH3BP1 in melanoma. Then, reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the expression of SH3BP1 in melanoma tissues and cells. Next, genes related to SH3BP1 were analyzed by LinkedOmics database, and protein interactions were analyzed by STRING database. These genes were further subjected to Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis. In addition, the signaling pathway of SH3BP1 action was screened by bioinformatics analysis. Finally, the function of SH3BP1 and its mediated signaling pathway in melanoma progression were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Results: SH3BP1 was significantly upregulated in melanoma tissues and cells. The pathways regulated by SH3BP1 are closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. And we found that overexpression of SH3BP1 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of melanoma cells by increasing Rac1 activity and Wave2 protein levels in vitro. Similarly, overexpression of SH3BP1 facilitated melanoma progression by upregulating Wave2 protein expression in vivo. Conclusion: In summary, this study revealed for the first time that SH3BP1 promoted melanoma progression through Rac1/Wave2 signaling pathway, providing a new therapeutic target for melanoma.
Palestinian managers' views and practices regarding the prevention of home injuries: An explorative qualitative study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Summary Background Unintentional injuries are an important global public health problem. Potentially, some senior managers have a major role to play in the prevention of home injuries. Aims To explore senior managers' perceptions and practices regarding the prevention of home injuries among children and the potential factors that might influence such practice in Ramallah District of Palestine. Method Qualitative interviews were undertaken using a purposive sampling strategy of 18 senior‐level managers. Thematic analysis was undertaken. Results The study revealed that half of the interviewed managers' thought that injury prevention was a priority, and the majority of their institutions had worked on increasing parental awareness regarding injury prevention. Nevertheless, their practice in providing financial and psychological support to the parents was reported less. The participants stated that many factors had interchangeably influenced the practice in injury prevention, including factors related to staff, parents, and environment. Conclusion This study highlights the importance of managers' role in injury prevention and draws attention to the numerous obstacles that they face. Attempts to prevent injuries should use a combination of interventions at many levels including: parents, health staff, as well as the wilder governmental, physical.
Illumination. Joaquim Cândido GUILLOBEL, Usos e Costumes de Alguns Abitantes da Cidade de Maranhão . (6 fols., 196 x 260 mm.). Fol. [4]: Full-length figures of two Brazilian women, one black and the other mulatto.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Inscription: recto: "Victor Keppler" (rubber stamp, black ink). verso: "118" (printed on applied label). "Steamis [?]" "Gordon-Brown & Thomas" "Ayer [?]" "Coe" "Ward W.". "Arckrnder [?]" "DeVires" (pencil). "D-31" (blue ink on applied label, crossed out i
An NTRU-like Message Recoverable Signature Algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An important feature of Nyberg-Rueppel type digital signature algorithms is message recovery, this signature algorithm can recover the original information from the signature directly by the verifier in the verification phase after signing the message. However, this algorithm is currently vulnerable to quantum attacks and its security cannot be guaranteed. Number Theory Research Unit (NTRU) is an efficient public-key cryptosystem and is considered to be one of the best quantum-resistant encryption schemes. This paper proposes an NTRU-like message recoverable signature algorithm to meet the key agreement requirements in the post-quantum world. This algorithm, designed for the Internet of Things (IoT), constructs a secure system using the Group-Based Message Recoverable Signature Algorithm (NR-GTRU), by integrating a Group-Based NTRU-Like Public-Key Cryptosystem (GTRU) with an efficient Nyberg-Rueppel type of NTRU digital signature algorithm (NR-NTRU). This signature algorithm, resistant to quantum algorithm attacks, offers higher security at the cost of a slight efficiency reduction compared to traditional NTRU signature algorithms, and features Nyberg-Rueppel message recovery, making it well-suited for IoT applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Virtually Enantiopure Aminodiols with Three Adjacent Stereogenic Centers by Epoxidation and Ring‐Opening.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A virtually complete enantioselective synthesis of 3‐amino‐1,2‐diols, e.g. (IV) and (VII), is accomplished by a sequential cascade of two kinetic resolutions, which features a Sharpless or Hafnium‐catalyzed asymmetric epoxidation, and a subsequent tungsten‐catalyzed aminolysis.
Ionosphere response to solar wind high‐speed streams

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present 9‐ and 7‐day periodic oscillations in the global mean Total Electron Content (TEC) from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2006. Spectral analysis indicates that the pronounced periodicities of 9 and 7 days observed in TEC are associated with variations in solar wind high‐speed streams and geomagnetic activity. Neutral temperature and winds near 250 km, measured by a Fabry‐Perot Interferometer at Resolute Bay, also exhibit 9‐ and 7‐day periodicities. These pronounced periodicities support simultaneous observations of 9‐ and 7‐day periodicities in thermosphere neutral density (Lei et al., 2008a; Thayer et al., 2008). It is anticipated that the ionospheric response at 9 and 7 days represents some combination of effects due to chemical loss, neutral winds, and disturbance dynamo‐driven electric fields.
NPD Practitioners’ Well-Being Strategies to Mitigate Burnout: A Descriptive Qualitative Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This descriptive qualitative report shares the results of one of the short-answer data ( n = 496) collected during a larger cross-sectional survey-based study using reflexive thematic analysis. Self-reported strategies used by Nursing Professional Development (NPD) practitioners to support their well-being and mitigate burnout during the second year of COVID-19 will be described. The study themes of finding professional harmony, nurturing self, and navigating the work environment represent the study strategies utilized by NPD practitioners to improve their well-being and to address burnout.
VII. EnteropathogenicEscherichia coli: physiological alterations from an extracellular position

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is primarily associated with infantile diarrhea in developing countries. This intriguing pathogen exerts numerous physiological effects on its host target tissue, the intestinal epithelium, all from an extracellular location. Expression of a type III secretory apparatus allows this organism to transfer bacterial effector molecules directly into host cells. As a result of EPEC attachment to and/or translocation of proteins into intestinal epithelial cells, many signaling cascades are activated. Ultimately, host functions are perturbed, including alteration of ion transport, disruption of the tight junction barrier, and activation of the inflammatory response.