jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Clubes de convergencia regional y sus determinantes en Perú

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Promoting convergence between regions is essential to ensure that both thewealthiest and poorest regions achieve comparable levels of developmentover time. With this objective in mind, the objectives of the research were todetermine the existence of global convergence or convergence clubs amongthe regions in Peru, as well as to identify the factors influencing such convergence. To identify convergence clubs, the study utilized the load factor methodology introduced by Phillips and Sul (2007) and analyzed panel data fromthe 2004-2008 period. The results reveal the presence of three convergenceclubs based on GDP per capita and labor productivity. Additionally, the composition of the clubs in terms of GDP per capita and labor productivity dependdirectly on human capital, royalty transfers, and spatial location. These findings suggest that the State should prioritize regions belonging to the poorerconvergence clubs.
Developing Algorithmic Software for Automated Monitoring of Aquatic Environment

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Many advanced countries are implementing bioelectronic control systems that use living organisms – the so-called biosensors as sensitive elements in environmental monitoring of waters in natural reservoirs and withdrawal points of municipal water systems [1]-[6]. Marine and freshwater bivalves are widely used as biosensors, whose valve motion reflects both short and long-term responses to the abnormal physical properties and chemical composition of water. For many years, we have developed instruments to study the behavior of bivalves [7]-[11]. Algorithmic software for the collection, transmission, accumulation and processing of measurement data is of key importance for the high-quality performance of research tasks and direct monitoring.
Competitive strategies in the tourist hotel industry: Evidence from Greece

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The tourism sector in Greece has shown very important points of recovery, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, being one of the steam engines of the Greek economy, contributing to its all-important economic terms and parameters. The above elements make the sector highly competitive, and the assessment of its competitiveness as well as the choice of the appropriate development strategies is a matter of particular importance (Chikan et al., 2022). On the other hand, competitiveness is a wide concept which can be estimated either using the Porter’s Diamond Model or financial indexes (Fischer & Schornberg, 2007). Taking this into account, the purpose of this paper is to assess the competitiveness of three of the largest Greek hotel units in economic terms with the use of financial indexes, as well as to determine the most suitable strategies for their further development, trying to fill the existing gap in the literature for the tourism hotel sector in Greece. The main results show that improving indicators such as liquidity and maintaining a good capital structure contribute to maintaining the sector’s sustainability and its further development holding special importance both for academics and policymakers taking into consideration the contribution of tourism to the whole Greek economy.
Effort and bearing capacity testing of laterally restrained asymmetrical stepped steel I-columns

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents extensive experimental investigations of models of I-shaped steel columns with segmentally prismatically variable stiffness. The models are discretely braced with lateral restraints along their length. With regard to the geometry of the actual columns, the models were made on the semi-industrial scale of 1:2. An external load, in the form of a vertical concentrated force, was applied to the header (in the Ch test series) or to the bracket (in the Cb and Chb test series). Selected static equilibrium paths of the linear displacements and the angles of rotation of column cross sections, determined in each of the test series, are presented and their behaviour is described in detail. Moreover, in the case of the Ch3 and Cb3 models, stress intensity in selected cross sections is examined by means of electrical resistance strain gauges, and the increase in normal stress with regards to the external load is shown. In addition, the experimental investigations included relevant material studies to determine the strength and chemical composition of the steel of which the columns were made.
Essays on Human Rights in the Helsinki Process. Edited by A. Bloed and P. van Dijk. Dordrecht, Boston, Lancaster: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1985. Pp. xiii, 266. Dfl.145; $49.75; £40.25.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Essays on Human Rights in the Helsinki Process. Edited by A. Bloed and P. van Dijk. Dordrecht, Boston, Lancaster: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1985. Pp. xiii, 266. Dfl.145; $49.75; £40.25. - Volume 81 Issue 2
[Use of radiopharmaceuticals, radiation burden and radiation risks in examination procedures in nuclear medicine].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Consistent with the worldwide development of nuclear medicine, in the Czech Republic in 1987 to 1996 partly the spectrum of used radiopharmaceutical preparations and their ratio changed. In the majority of radiopharmaceutical preparations the mean administered activity increased by 20 to 80% and the range of activities administered in different departments diminished somewhat. Adherence to principles of radiation protection of patients is assisted by guidelines of administered activities of radiopharmaceutical preparations laid down in new regulations on radiation protection valid in the CR from the middle of 1997. The radiation burden associated with the majority of examinations in nuclear medicine expressed as the effective dose is comparable with the radiation burden of radiodiagnostic examinations, only after administration of preparations with 131I, 201Tl, 67Ga and 111In it is markedly higher. Based on knowledge of the effective dose it may be concluded that the lifetime extra risk of a fatal tumour due to administration of radiopharmaceutical preparations is by two to three orders lower than the lifetime risk of spontaneous development of fatal tumours. A special feature of radiation risk is its hypothetical character--it is frequently projected into the distant future of human life, contrary to immediate non-radiation risks of some medical procedures and risks in the living environment which frequently are higher. Any examination using ionising radiation can be made only if the expected health benefit for the patient is significantly greater than the radiation risk. Excessive fear of radiation risk should not lead to refusal of justified examinations with possible subsequent serious health damage for the patient.
Local multi-qubit Clifford equivalence of graph states

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the range of applications opened by quantum technology, often a highly entangled source state is needed as an input for a protocol (target state). The easiest example of such an application is QKD, other examples are quantum secret sharing and measurement based quantum computing. Generating a non-local entangled state is however not trivial. Let us assume that there is an entangled state (source state) present in the network before the start of the protocol. One can ask than whether this source state can be transformed to the target state with only local operations. Local operations usually have a lower error rate compared to non-local operations. As the set of all quantum states increases exponentially, we will restrict ourselves to graph states (quantum states described by a simple graph). This allows one to study the graphs and local operations in a graph theory perspective, instead of in a quantum information perspective. In this thesis we investigate the complexity of deciding equivalence of two graph states under local multi-qubit operations (T-LMQC-equivalent), where T refers to the partition denoting which qubits are on the same device which allows multi-qubit operations.<br/><br/>When T consist only of single qubit nodes, this problem reduces to the single qubit Clifford equivalence problem (SQC-EQUIV). It is known that SQC-EQUIV can be solved in O(N^4). On the other side, if all qubits are in the same node, the problem can be solved in O(1) as every source state can be transformed to any graph state on the same vertex set. We will present three algorithms to solve T-LMQC equivalence. The first algorithm solves the problem in general but the running time scales exponentially in the number of multi-qubit nodes and the size of the graph. The other two scale polynomially in the size of the graph, but do not allow for nodes with more than 2 qubits. The remaining question is indeed whether deciding T-LMQC equivalence is an easy (in P) problem or a hard problem (NP-complete).
GAUGE-EQUIVARIANT HILBERT BIMODULES AND CROSSED PRODUCTS BY ENDOMORPHISMS

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

C*-endomorphisms arising from superselection structures with nontrivial center define a 'rank' and a 'first Chern class'. Crossed products by such endomorphisms involve the Cuntz–Pimsner algebra of a vector bundle having the above-mentioned rank, first Chern class and can be used to construct a duality for abstract (nonsymmetric) tensor categories versus group bundles acting on (nonsymmetric) Hilbert bimodules. Existence and unicity of the dual object (i.e. the 'gauge' group bundle) are not ensured: we give a description of this phenomenon in terms of a certain moduli space associated with the given endomorphism. The above-mentioned Hilbert bimodules are noncommutative analogs of gauge-equivariant vector bundles in the sense of Nistor–Troitsky.
1998: Rcmulo Estrada V.Ithaka

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Moot Court competitions constitute an alternative model of human rights training, giving students the skills to contribute to the development of international human rights law and thus make them qualified advocates for human rights change in their home countries and abroad. By focusing on the perfection of oral as well as written skills, participants are more likely to be successful not only in cases brought before their home courts, but in front of international tribunals and other organs. Such competitions have opened the doorway for more human rights classes in law schools, more clinical training programs, more NGOs dedicated to human rights law, and overall more lawyers dedicated to participating in an expanded notion of a human rights community. As demonstrated in this volume, moot court competitions have revolutionized human rights legal education in Africa, Europe and the Americas. The yearly Inter-American Human Rights Moot Court Competition was established in 1995. The full text of the hypothetical cases, bench memoranda, and winning memorials from the first ten years of this Competition are included as a resource to be used creatively by scholars, NGOs, international organizations, governments, practitioners, students, etc., to further promote human rights legal obligations.
The difficulties of context: An exploratory study of learning transfer from a business simulation game

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Studies show that learning is situated—or that learning in one context does not easily transfer to a new context. Because business simulations are often used to provide a learning context, we wondered if this context‐specific learning would transfer. To explore this issue, we used situated learning theory to ask undergraduate students in an operations management class to apply their learning in both familiar, simulation contexts, and unfamiliar, nonsimulation contexts. Using contextually based exam questions, we empirically measured learner performance on low and high cognitive effort questions. We were able to provide some support for the constructivist learning theory's hypothesis that learners can take the principles constructed in a business simulation and apply them in other contexts. Additionally, we explored the implications of confidence/self‐efficacy theory and demonstrated that transfer may differ based on cognitive effort.
Regulation of natural killer and cd4+T cell function by NKG2 C-type lectin-like receptors

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

This work is centered on the study of the NKG2 C-type lectin-like receptors on NK and CD4+T cells. We provide evidence supporting that CD4+T cells specific for Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) may express different NK cell receptors, and demonstrate that the C-type lectin-like receptor NKG2D is expressed on cytotoxic CD4+T cells with an effector/memory phenotype, enhancing their TCR-dependent proliferation and cytokine production. A second part of the work is centered on the study of the CD94/NKG2 receptors on NK cells. We show that NKG2A can be induced on NKG2C+ NK cells upon activation with rIL-12 or when cocultured with HCMV-infected dendritic cells, and that NKG2A expression inhibits the response of NKG2C+NK clones against HLA-E-expressing targets, providing a potential regulatory feedback mechanism to control cell activation. Altogether, our results support that expression of NKG2 C-type lectin like receptors may be shaped during the course of viral infections, providing mechanisms to finely regulate both NK and CD4+T cell functions.
[Type V hyperlipemia. 54 cases (author's transl)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Type V hyperlipemia is not very common. The series of 54 cases descrubed here is the largest reported to date. Our observations were recorded when lipidograms showed the presence of chylomicrons and a large pre-beta-lipoprotein spot in the serum of fasting subjects. Type V hyperlipemia was often combined with other metabolic syndromes such as diabetes, hyperuricemia or gout, or obesity. Chronic alcoholism was also noted in half our subjects, in whom hyperlipemia quickly regressed after alcohol consumption ceased. Ischemic arterial complications, chiefly coronary, were found in one third of our cases, and the vascular risks accompanying this type of hyperlipemia rose considerably in patients with high blood pressure. Various type of treatment were administered, but all subjects were put on a special diet, comprising either the elimination of alcoholic drinks only, or, in addition to this, reduced carbohydrate or calorie intake. As a rule, these measures resulted in a distinct regression of lipid anomalies. Clofibrate or derivatives proved effective in cases where hyperlipemia failed to respond to dietary measures.
Momentum-locked Spin in the Interplay Between Topological and Defect States: Periodic One-Dimensional Patterns on Bilayer Graphene

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

Gating Bernal bilayer graphene breaks the inversion symmetry so that the stacking AB/BA boundaries within the gap reveal topologically protected states. In this study, we theoretically investigate arrays where the AB and BA domains are periodically patterned with experimentally identified defect lines. In the calculations we consider electron-electron interaction effects using density functional theory. Our findings reveal the existence of topological states within a gap induced by the patterning without an applied gate voltage. Furthermore, with an applied gate potential, the defect lines introduce spin-polarized states pinned within the gap and exhibit ferromagnetically coupled states. Importantly, we observe a hybridization of magnetic and topological states near the valleys that form conducting channels characterized by spin-momentum locking. The effect persists even with slight n-doping and gate voltage; however, the progressively pinned n-doped defect states induce spin polarization in the topological and valley states. Additionally, the two-dimensional bands under doping conditions exhibit nesting across the Fermi surface, allowing for modulation of charge densities along the lines which are nearly commensurate with the underlying graphene-defect lines. These quasi-one-dimensional patterns in bilayer graphene show a new kind of spin-conducting channels with novel characteristics common to both spintronics and valleytronics.
Fluorescence Quantificationby Photon Statistics: FromObjective Characterization toApplication

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Quantitative information is key to unravel molecular processes in all fields of research. Counting by Photon Statistics (CoPS) is a single molecule technique that provides such quantification for fluorescent species. CoPS exploits the photon antibunching effect to infer \nthe number of independent emitters and their molecular brightness from multiple photon detection events. I laid the foundation for high quality results by improving the microscope detection efficiency more than threefold compared to earlier measurements. Using both simulations \nand experiments with defined, DNA-based probes, I investigated the critical interplay of fluorophore properties and analysis parameters. I discovered that measurements at high molecular brightness can be ten times faster than previously established which opens new possibilities for time resolved quantification. The findings stress that the choice of analysis parameters is vital and provide an objective measure of fluorophore eligibility for CoPS. I characterized sixteen \norganic dyes across the visible spectrum based on their molecular brightness and photostability. This study accomplished the transition of CoPS from a proof of concept technique to a widely applicable quantification method. Experiments demonstrated that CoPS can reveal \nthe label number distribution of fluorescent markers, a prerequisite for quantitative investigations in biology. Moreover, I showed that CoPS offers new perspectives for characterization of photophysical processes in photoluminescent materials.
Mathematical bibliography: Colson's “comment.”

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Journal Article Mathematical bibliography: Colson's “comment.” Get access F. A. Tole F. A. Tole Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s6-V, Issue 127, 3 June 1882, Page 426, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s6-V.127.426b Published: 03 June 1882
The Digital Way: Re-imagining Digital Discipleship in The Age of Social Media

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Youth and young adults are more engaged with technology today than they have ever been before and yet they remain one of the most emotional and spiritually disconnected generations of our time. Despite this reality, the overarching field of Catholic youth ministry has failed to address the digital lives of youth and young adults. That is, although Catholic youth ministry and its practitioners have, to a great degree, perfected the use of technology in ministry, it has not adequately prepared Catholic youth and young adults for the digital world. However, by reshaping what digital discipleship is and grounding this approach in Catholic church teachings on human dignity and Thomas Groome’s shared Christian praxis , as this paper will present, practitioners of Catholic youth ministry can refashion the digital lives of youth and young adults.
One-sided ejaculation of sperm bundles in the echidna

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We report for the first time an unusual ejaculatory mechanism in the short-beaked echidna in which each side of the bilaterally symmetrical, rosettelike glans penis is used alternately, with the other being shut down. This is unparalleled in mammals but is reminiscent of the use of hemipenes in squamate reptiles, providing further reproductive evidence of a sauropsidian lineage in the Monotremata. Further, we describe the occurrence of motile sperm bundles in ejaculated echidna semen and provide scanning electron micrographs of their morphology. Sperm bundling appears to confer increased sperm motility, which may provide the potential for sperm competition between males.
Wax Deposition in Stratified Oil/Water Flow

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

While diffusion as the major mechanism for wax deposition has been investigated in past decades, wax gelation has mostly been studied in quiescent conditions and is considered to be less significant than diffusion in flow conditions. In this study, gelation has been observed as a major mechanism for the formation of wax deposits in oil/water stratified flow. The experiments are carried out in a state-of-the-art flow loop using a North Sea gas condensate and formation water. The flow map study using reflex camera and X-ray tomography reveals that most of the completely stratified flows occur at low total flow rates of oil and water, which correspond to low shear stresses at the wall. It was found that the carbon number distributions of the wax deposits formed in this region have very low fractions of heavy components and are very close to the distribution of the deposit that is only formed by gelation. It was further revealed that the deposit thickness increases with increasing degree of gelation, which corresponds to decreasing shear stress of the fluids at the wall. This finding is consistent with previous studies from single-phase experiments where lower oil velocities are found to result in much higher deposit thicknesses and low wax fractions in the deposits.
Exploration of inter-individual variability in cortical responses to natural English sentences

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objectives: Grand average cortical responses to speech have shown the possibility to analyse perceived intelligibility. Cortical responses to sentences are explored to determine their variability amongst subjects and therefore their applicability in clinic. \n \nMethods: EEG responses to 100 repeats of three English sentences were recorded for 16 subjects with normal hearing thresholds. Responses were detected using a Hotelling’s T2 test on 100 ms low-pass filtered (30 Hz) segments (two 50 ms features per segment). \n \nResults: Participants showed a clear response at segments including the stimulus onset (p<0.01). Later segments showed strong variability in detection between participants, with less significant responses and more repeats needed compared to onset detection. \n \nConclusion: Onset responses to natural sentences can be detected within 100 repeats (100 s), which is relevant for clinical use. The possibility of detecting robust responses beyond the onset at an individual level need to be further investigated.