jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Craving in Alcohol Use Disorder: Psychometric Characteristics of the Craving Typology Questionnaire-15 (CTQ-15)

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Aims The Craving Typology Questionnaire (CTQ) is a psychometric instrument used to assess alcohol craving in normal controls and subjects with alcohol use disorder (AUD). It allows a dimensional self-rating assessment of craving according to a three-pathway psychobiological model of craving distinguishing craving into a reward, relief and obsessive component. The aim of the present study is to evaluate psychometric properties of the CTQ-15, a revised version of CTQ with 15 items. Methods The CTQ-15 was firstly administered to two groups of control subjects, one (414 subjects) used for the exploratory factor analysis and the other one (415 subjects) for the confirmatory factor analysis. A three-factor model was assessed and compared to alternative models. Results The resulting structure was in line with the original scale CTQ. Obsessive craving accounted for 15.20% of the total variance, relief craving for the 13.99% and reward craving for 13.13% of the total variance. The three-factor model (M1) reached good fit indices (CFI = 0.96, TLI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.06 and SRMR = 0.05) and was significantly better than other alternative models. Reliability showed good internal consistency for each scale, i.e. obsessive craving (α = 0.92), relief craving (α = 0.82) and reward craving (α = 0.81). Conclusions The CTQ-15 proved to be reliable and practical for identifying the three dimensions of craving in clinical practice. Craving plays a crucial role in the mechanisms of dependence and relapse; thus, characterizing the craving can be fundamental to a targeted drug therapy.
The Anglo-American labour productivity gap

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

As with many other industries in the late nineteenth century, the American paper industry in numerous ways set the standard to which producers elsewhere aspired. Much about Britain's performance can thus be learnt by comparing its experiences in the second half of the nineteenth century, particularly its productivity history, with that of the American industry. In chapter 3, it will be recalled, our analysis of British productivity growth found that from at least the 1870s onwards American paper manufacturers seemed to have consistently held in terms of labour productivity an approximate two to one lead over their British cousins. This finding appears to be no statistical aberration, as contemporary observers also seem to have been well aware of the gap's existence as well as its approximate magnitude. Analysis by later commentators and modern researchers too has not only identified this same gap, but has also indicated that it persisted and was probably extended well into the twentieth century. Broadberry and Crafts, for example, put the gap in the first half of this century as fluctuating around the two-and-a-half-to-one margin, whereas Rostas in 1935 estimated its magnitude to be of the order of approximately two-and-a-quarter-to-one. These analyses, however, do not venture back into the nineteenth century, so there is little room for direct comparison with our calculations. Broadberry and Crafts do give an estimate for 1907/9 (265.0) which is somewhat higher than ours.
Stillness and movement: a bodily approach to photography

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

\n\t\t\t\t\tMy paper will address both Duration and temporality of the &lsquo;still&rsquo; imageand Sensorial and bodily experience of photography through a discussion of a recent body of work &lsquo;Fly Rhythm&rsquo;, a series of photographs and video works exhibited in a gallery context.By acknowledging the inter-relationship between the body and the camera my project seeks to challenge a perceived separation between performance and photography. Fly Rhythm was conceived through a performative somatic process. Through using a custom made camera I was able to negotiate time and space to create a visual drawing of movement and stillness together in photography. The resultant images are discussed as a notation of body movement &ndash; a record of bodily history enabled through a self imposed discipline of learning to read light.I initially constructed a human size camera to understand how photography works. Spending time inside observing the way light moves and affects the formation of sight is also a way of embodying the act of photography. I responded by making a bespoke camera that enabled light to be captured during extended periods while moving. My project is dependent upon a self-imposed discipline of intuiting light&rsquo;s strength and erratic changes, a skill developed by making analogue prints while inside a camera obscura. Once I had developed an ability to read light&rsquo;s changes and gain an understanding of camera mechanics I made durational recordings moving through the landscape on Bruny Island Tasmania and industrial sites in Melbourne, photographs exhibited as part of Fly Rhythm. I will discuss these prints in context with the idea that light is a conduit through which past and present fuse together in a bodily act of photographing and processing images.I will explore durational aspects of photography by discussing light&rsquo;s relative motion while taking photographs without using the viewfinder or composing images in the traditional way. Rather, the camera at the end of my arm is directed through how I read light therefore a choreography notated in the prints &ndash; a kind of body signatureMy practice enables a new the way of seeing, in a spontaneous hand held process creating a sense of embodiment. By analyzing process my paper will consider how the body together with analogue and 21st century digital technology coalesce cross-disciplinary practice combining visual art, performance and photographic disciplines.I also explored limitations of digital light in contrast with &lsquo;natural&rsquo; light by a making a gamut of dissolving colour determined by the software based on two pixels. Projected into the ambient light &lsquo;Glide&rsquo; is an 11minute durational work installed at the Substation Contemporary Art Space in Melbourne Australia.\n\t\t\t\t
Download [PDF] House Made of Dawn Full PDF Online

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

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The Role of Public and Private Forestry Sectors

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In proposing research on the historical development of public-private relationships in forestry, the limitations of historical research as a guide to present and future forest policy must be kept clearly in mind. In general, the narrative or descriptive historical research into the evolution of public-private roles in forestry should have a relatively low priority-not because such research is unimportant, but because the publications cited, and many others that could be cited, have pretty well covered the whole field. The foregoing kinds of research on public-private roles in forestry lead naturally into the kind outlined in this section: measurement of incidence of costs and benefits, or who pays and who benefits. One very special aspect of the public/private relationships in forestry is the effect on private forests of the management decisions on public forests. Forests, as a form of private property, and forestry as an economic activity are inevitably subjects of taxation.
Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer: Past, Current, and Future Trends

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In response to the rising incidence of indolent, low-risk prostate cancer (PCa) due to increased prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening in the 1990s, active surveillance (AS) emerged as a treatment modality to combat overtreatment by delaying or avoiding unnecessary definitive treatment and its associated morbidity. AS consists of regular monitoring of PSA levels, digital rectal exams, medical imaging, and prostate biopsies, so that definitive treatment is only offered when deemed necessary. This paper provides a narrative review of the evolution of AS since its inception and an overview of its current landscape and challenges. Although AS was initially only performed in a study setting, numerous studies have provided evidence for the safety and efficacy of AS which has led guidelines to recommend it as a treatment option for patients with low-risk PCa. For intermediate-risk disease, AS appears to be a viable option for those with favourable clinical characteristics. Over the years, the inclusion criteria, follow-up schedule and triggers for definitive treatment have evolved based on the results of various large AS cohorts. Given the burdensome nature of repeat biopsies, risk-based dynamic monitoring may further reduce overtreatment by avoiding repeat biopsies in selected patients.
Temperature‐dependence of biomass accumulation rates during secondary succession

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Rates of ecosystem recovery following disturbance affect many ecological processes, including carbon cycling in the biosphere. Here, we present a model that predicts the temperature dependence of the biomass accumulation rate following disturbances in forests. Model predictions are derived based on allometric and biochemical principles that govern plant energetics and are tested using a global database of 91 studies of secondary succession compiled from the literature. The rate of biomass accumulation during secondary succession increases with average growing season temperature as predicted based on the biochemical kinetics of photosynthesis in chloroplasts. In addition, the rate of biomass accumulation is greater in angiosperm‐dominated communities than in gymnosperm‐dominated ones and greater in plantations than in naturally regenerating stands. By linking the temperature‐dependence of photosynthesis to the rate of whole‐ecosystem biomass accumulation during secondary succession, our model and results provide one example of how emergent, ecosystem‐level rate processes can be predicted based on the kinetics of individual metabolic rate.
Metacognitie bij psychotische stoornissen: van concept naar interventie

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ACHTERGROND: Mensen met een psychotische stoornis ondervinden veelal problemen in wat kan worden beschreven als de metacognitieve vaardigheden. Er zijn verscheidene definities van dit concept, alsmede meetinstrumenten en klinische interventies die zich op dit concept richten. DOEL: Een overzicht bieden van enkele veelgebruikte definities van metacognitie en gerelateerde concepten, alsmede de bijbehorende meetinstrumenten en behandelopties om metacognitie bij mensen met een psychotische stoornis te verbeteren. METHODE: Aan de hand van de literatuur een overzicht geven van de verschillende definities van metacognitie bij psychotische stoornissen, alsmede veelgebruikte meetinstrumenten en behandelmethoden. De nadruk ligt hierbij op de recente ontwikkelingen in een model van Semerari en collega’s met bijbehorende meetinstrument (de Metacognition Assessment Scale – A). We bekijken hoe dit een toevoeging kan zijn op de bestaande methoden. RESULTATEN: Op basis van de literatuur lijken de concepten metacognitie en gelieerde concepten meetbare constructen, alhoewel de definities en meetinstrumenten heterogeen blijken. De nieuwe conceptualisering van de sociale informatieverwerking leidt tevens tot de ontwikkeling van een nieuwe vorm van psychotherapie, die gericht is op het verbeteren van de metacognitieve vaardigheden bij mensen met een psychotische stoornis. CONCLUSIE: Er lijken aanwijzingen dat metacognitieve vaardigheden een doel van behandeling kunnen zijn, maar meer onderzoek is noodzakelijk. BACKGROUND: Persons with a psychotic disorder commonly experience difficulties with what is considered to be metacognitive capacity. In this article we discuss several definitions of this concept, the measurement instruments involved and the clinical interventions that target this concept. AIM: To present a review of various frequently used definitions of metacognition and related concepts and to describe the measurement instruments involved and the treatment options available for improving the metacognitive capacity of persons with a psychotic disorder. METHOD: We present an overview of several definitions of metacognition in psychotic disorders and we discuss frequently used measurement instruments and treatment options. The article focuses on recent developments in a model devised by Semerari et al. The measurement instrument involved (Metacognition Assessment Scale – A) is discussed in terms of it being an addition to existing methods. RESULTS: On the basis of the literature it appears that metacognition and related concepts are measurable constructs, although definitions and instruments vary considerably. The new conceptualisation of social information processing also leads to the development of a new form of psychotherapy that aims to help patients suffering from psychotic disorders to improve metacognitive capacity. CONCLUSION: There seems to be evidence that metacognitive abilities are a possible target for treatment, but further research is needed.
Effects of Temperature on Micelle and Gel Formation of Pluronic F 88.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ポリ (エチレンオキシド)/ポリ (プロピレンオキシド)/ポリ (エチレンオキシド) トリブロック共重合体であるプルロニックF88のミセル形成およびゲル形成に及ぼす温度の影響について, 表面張力法, 示差走査熱量測定法, 粘度法, 撹拌子停止法および蛍光光度法により検討した。その結果, プルロニックF88のミセル形成ならびにゲル形成は, 濃度および温度の影響を強く受けることが示唆された。さらに, ミセル内部およびゲル内部の微視的極性は, 温度上昇に伴い低下することが明らかとなった。
Platform modelling and scheduling game with multiple intelligent cloud-computing pools for big data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We develop a generic game platform that can be used to model various real-world systems with multiple intelligent cloud-computing pools and parallel-queues for resources-competing users. Inside the platform, the software structure is modelled as Blockchain. All the users are associated with Big Data arrival streams whose random dynamics is modelled by triply stochastic renewal reward processes (TSRRPs). Each user may be served simultaneously by multiple pools while each pool with parallel-servers may also serve multi-users at the same time via smart policies in the Blockchain, e.g. a Nash equilibrium point myopically at each fixed time to a game-theoretic scheduling problem. To illustrate the effectiveness of our game platform, we model the performance measures of its internal data flow dynamics (queue length and workload processes) as reflecting diffusion with regime-switchings (RDRSs) under our scheduling policies. By RDRS models, we can prove our myopic game-theoretic policy to be an asymptotic Pareto minimal-dual-cost Nash equilibrium one globally over the whole time horizon to a randomly evolving dynamic game problem. Iterative schemes for simulating our multi-dimensional RDRS models are also developed with the support of numerical comparisons.
Regionalization of Psychiatric Services for the Elderly

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This overview addresses issues related to psychiatric services for the elderly in Canada. The author reviews the developments in the United Kingdom that have led to the establishment of guiding principles which may be applied to the Canadian health care system. These include the clear definition of a target population, a comprehensive approach to services, availability and accessibility, and clear accountability. A model for the establishment of regionalized psychiatric services is proposed, including the integration of hospital-based and community-based services with clearly defined areas of responsibility. In light of the changing demographics in Canada and the prevalence of psychiatric illness in the elderly, this is a matter of growing urgency for the health care system.
Parallel implementation of evolution strategy optimization algorithm on multicore processors

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a parallel implementation of an evolution strategy (ES) algorithm for optimization of electromagnetic devices. It is intended for multi‐core processors and for optimization problems that have objective function representing a numerical simulation of electromagnetic devices. The speed‐up of the optimization is evaluated as a function of the number of processor cores used. Design/methodology/approach Two parallelization approaches are implemented in the program developed – using multithreaded programming and using OpenMP. Their advantages and drawbacks are discussed. The program is tested on two examples for optimization of electromagnetic devices. Findings Using the developed parallel ES algorithm on a quad‐core processor, the optimization time can be reduced 2.4‐3 times, instead of the expected four times. This is due to a number of system processes and programs that run on part of the cores. Originality/value A new parallel ES optimization algorithm has been developed and investigated. The paper could be useful for researchers aiming to diminish the optimization time by using parallel evolution optimization on multi‐core processors.
ULTRASONOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF CARPAL TUNNEL IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH DIABETES MELLITUS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To determine the ultrasonography (USG) values of median nerve cross-sectional area (MN-CSA) in pregnant women with and without diabetes mellitus (DM) to confirm carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Methods: We prospectively studied pregnant women who have been diagnosed with pregestational type 1 and type 2 DM or gestational DM (GDM) due to positive GDM screening tests. One-step GDM screening (2 h - 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)) was used at 24–28 weeks of gestation and diagnosis of GDM. MN was identified at the level of distal wrist crease in transverse sections with USG and maximal MN-CSA was calculated then, asked the patient complaints about her hand (paraesthesia, pain, numbness). The DM group was compared to the control group according to age, week of pregnancy, weight gain during pregnancy, MN-CSA, and presence of compliments. Results: There were 107 DM pregnant women and 113 controls in the study group. The median value of MN-CSA was higher in the DM group than in the control group (p< 0,001). There was no difference between groups in terms of DM subgroups and insulin requirement. Hand pain is significantly frequent in the DM group than in controls. There has been a positive correlation between weight gain during pregnancy and MN-CSA (p =0,011; r=0,245). Conclusion: USG can be a first-line diagnostic test for CTS in the diabetic pregnant population, as recommended for the general population before. Both pregnancy and DM are stated as risk factors for CTS, these patients must be evaluated more carefully about this issue and proper advices should be given to improve their life quality.
The “Problem” of Experience in Mathematics Teaching

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Prior research has established that teachers' use of curriculum materials is affected by a range of factors, such as teachers' conceptions of mathematics teaching, and the nature and extent of their teaching experience. What is less clear, and far less examined, in prior research is the role that the teacher guide (TG) may play in mediating the influence of these and other factors on teachers' decisions and actions. Accordingly, this study examines how two 6th grade teachers use the TG from Connected Mathematics Project as a resource in making planning and enactment decisions, and factors associated with patterns of TG use. Through cross‐case analysis, the author found that these teachers seemed to draw largely from their previous experiences and their own conceptions of mathematics teaching and learning when making planning and enactment decisions related to mathematical tasks, and not particularly from the TG. For example, when faced with certain planning and instructional challenges, such as students struggling with the content, teachers tended to rely on their particular conceptions of mathematics teaching to address these challenges. Despite the fact that the TG provided suggestions for teachers as to how address such challenges, it was not extensively used as a resource by the teachers in this study in their planning and enactment of lessons.
The Most Perfect Ecosystem: The Qanat Karez Salt Leaching Oasis of The Ancient Silk Road, As the Model of Aquaculture and Chemical Engineering to Transform Our Present-Day Agriculture and Climate Temperature

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Modern no-tilling arable field cultivation has many advantages. IT IS efficient, saves water, and energy, and results in a better use of nutrient fertilizers. Ploughing and furrowing topsoil today, is considered to be soil destructive
Surgical Management of Synucleinopathies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Synucleinopathies represent a diverse set of pathologies with significant morbidity and mortality. In this review, we highlight the surgical management of three synucleinopathies: Parkinson’s disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). After examining underlying molecular mechanisms and the medical management of these diseases, we explore the role of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the treatment of synuclein pathophysiology. Further, we examine the utility of focused ultrasound (FUS) in the treatment of synucleinopathies such as PD, including its role in blood–brain barrier (BBB) opening for the delivery of novel drug therapeutics and gene therapy vectors. We also discuss other recent advances in the surgical management of MSA and DLB. Together, we give a diverse overview of current techniques in the neurosurgical management of these pathologies.
How Professionals Adapt to Artificial Intelligence: The Role of Intertwined Boundary Work

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has generated extensive debates about the future of work in the professions. However, few studies take account of the potential for AI's disruptive effects to trigger robust defence by professionals of their interests and resources. By examining the adoption of AI in accounting and law professional service firms (PSFs), we show how professionals respond through intertwined boundary work , this being the process by which professionals respond to disruptions and protect interests and resources by engaging in multiple interdependent modes of boundary work. We also examine the way professionals collaborate with other groups as part of intertwined boundary work , and the implications for some key features of PSF organization. Our study reveals that the responses of professionals to AI are leading to new types of professional work and services. This means that rather than spelling the ‘end of the professions’, AI is leading to reconfigured forms of professional activity, jurisdiction, and PSFs.
Prolonged Practice of a Simple Motor Task by Preferred and Nonpreferred Hands

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

After prolonged practice (1300 10-sec trials) the tapping speed of the nonpreferred hand reached that of the preferred hand on a simple finger-tapping task. Analysis of the intertap intervals showed the variability of the duration of intertap intervals was smaller for the preferred than for the nonpreferred hand; the difference was not affected by the prolonged practice for N = 1.