jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An in vivo systematic genetic analysis of tumour progression in Drosophila - RNAi line: 51507

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Metastasis is the leading cause of death for cancer patients. Consequently it is imperative that we improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie progression of tumour growth towards malignancy. Advances in genome characterisation technologies have been very successful in identifying commonly mutated or misregulated genes in a variety of human cancers. A major challenge however is the translation of these findings to new biological insight due to the difficulty in evaluating whether these candidate genes drive tumour progression. Using the genetic amenability of Drosophila melanogaster we generated tumours with specific genotypes in the living animal and carried out a detailed systematic loss-of-function analysis to identify numerous conserved genes that enhance or suppress epithelial tumour progression. This enabled the discovery of functional cooperative regulators of invasion and the establishment of a network of conserved ‘invasion suppressors’. RNAi line: 51507 (III) Source: Bloomington Name: tld Full name: tolloid Also known as: Annotation symbol: CG6868 FlyBase ID: FBgn0003719 File naming convention: File names typically contain representations of date (DDMMYY), RNAi Line, Animal Number and, in some cases, window (to accommodate larger samples that require multiple image stacks)
Base-Invariance Implies Benford's Law

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A derivation of Benford's Law or the First-Digit Phenomenon is given assuming only base-invariance of the underlying law.The only baseinvariant distributions are shown to be convex combinations of two extremal probabilities, one corresponding to point mass and the other a log-Lebesgue measure.The main tools in the proof are identification of an appropriate mantissa a-algebra on the positive reals, and results for invariant measures on the circle. INTRODUCTIONIn 1881 Simon Newcomb observed, "That the ten digits do not occur with equal frequency must be evident to any one making use of logarithmic tables, and noticing how much faster the first pages wear out than the last ones.The first significant digit is oftener 1 than any other digit, and the frequency diminishes up to 9." He went on to conclude that the "law of frequency" of significant digits (base 10) satisfies (1) Prob(first significant digit = d) = loglo(1 + d-1), d = 1, ...9 and 9 (2) Prob(second significant digit = d) = E loglo(l + (10k + d)'), k=1 d=O, 1, 2, ... ,9, although he supplied neither a precise domain or meaning to this probability, a formal argument, nor numerical data.Some fifty-seven years later Benford [1] popularized (and perhaps rediscovered) (1) and (2), and gave substantial empirical evidence for them based on frequencies of significant digits from twenty different tables including surface
Symbolic Gesture versus Word: Is There a Modality Advantage for Onset of Symbol Use?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Researchers have hypothesized in the past that children learning sign languages develop signs at an earlier age than is typically expected for vocal words. This assumption, however, has recently been questioned on the grounds that researchers have not always guaranteed that words and gestures are being used in a comparable fashion. The present study was designed to shed light on this controversy by comparing the onset of symbolic use of signs and words in a group of 22 hearing children exposed to symbolic gestures from 11 months onward. Bimonthly interviews emphasizing contexts of use of gestures and vocal words indicated a smaller modality difference than early research had predicted, thus providing support for the hypothesis that strides in cognitive abilities such as memory, categorization, and symbolization underlie this milestone in both modalities. At the same time, however, the data also indicated that the small difference in onset time was reliable, thus providing support for the notion that the gestural modality is, in fact, easier for many infants to master once the requisite cognitive skills are in place.
Health benefits of functional plant polysaccharides in metabolic syndrome: An overview

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become a worldwide public health problem with increasing global morbidity. Existing surgical and pharmaceutical treatments have certain side effects. Consequently, the search for anti-MetS active ingredients with long-lasting stable therapeutic effects and less toxic side effects has become a focal point of contemporary research. Functional polysaccharides with safe and excellent physiological activities have attracted more and more attention in the regulation of MetS, but a comprehensive understanding is still lacking. In this review, the effects and mechanisms of plant polysaccharides in the prevention and improvement of MetS by regulating intestinal flora, improving glucose and lipid metabolism disorders, maintaining the balance of islet internal environment and reducing systemic inflammation are summarized. Plant polysaccharides can be used to reduce the risk of metabolic diseases in a safe and dependable manner.
The Acquisition of Bentley Motors

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

There was one consequence of the company's decision not to participate in trials and competitions which had not altogether been foreseen. In becoming 'respectable' through the production of a sedate and dignified vehicle, Rolls-Royce had, to a very large extent, as Wormald pointed out in his report on the 20 h.p. sales position, forfeited the interest and custom of the class of driver who was probably best typified before the war by the Hon. C. S. Rolls himself. Johnson seemed to support this policy, for he strongly opposed any attempt by the company's designers or officials to produce cars for the enthusiast. The minutes of the board meeting of 11 July 1922 contain the amusing comment that 'there was creeping in from all sides of the Company a desire to increase speed and power at the expense of silkiness.' This temptation had to be strongly resisted.KeywordsTrade CreditorIssue CapitalSales PositionSmall ProfitIndirect ExpenditureThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Development of a New Series of Agricultural/Food Reference Materials for Analytical Quality Control of Elemental Determinations

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Ten new Agricultural/Food Reference Materials — Bovine Muscle Powder (National Institute of Standards and Technology [NIST], code NIST RM 8414), Whole Egg Powder (NIST RM 8415), Microcrystalline Cellulose (NIST RM 8416), Wheat Gluten (NIST RM 8418), Corn Starch (NIST RM 8432), Corn Bran (NIST RM 8433), Whole Milk Powder (NIST RM 8435), Durum Wheat Flour (NIST RM 8436), Hard Red Spring Wheat Flour (NIST RM 8437) and Soft Winter Wheat Flour (NIST RM 8438) — were prepared by application of milling, irradiation, sieving, blending, and packaging procedures. Excellent material homogeneity was found for virtually all major, minor, and trace elements of interest. The reference materials were characterized with respect to elemental composition via an extensive international, interlaboratory characterization (certification) campaign. Chemical analyses conducted in 73 cooperating laboratories applying 13 major classes of independently different analytical methods led to 278 concentration values for 34 nutritionally, toxicologically, and environmentally pertinent elements. A total of 213 best-estimate and 65 informational concentration values are available for Al, As, B, Ba, Br, Ca, Cd, CI, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, F, Fe, Hg, I, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, N, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, S, Sb, Se, Sr, Ti, V, W, and Zn. These products make a substantial contribution to the existing world repertoire of biological reference materials with respect to natural matrix and elemental composition. They are expected to be useful to analysts for quality control of analytical data. Applications include evaluations of analytical methods and instruments used in nutritional, toxicological, monitory, regulatory, environmental, agricultural, and other investigations. These products are available to the analytical community from the Standard Reference Materials Program, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD.
Systems of Systems: Scaling Up the Development Process

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Some systems have some but not all properties of systems of systems (SoS). We refer to these as SoS-like systems. This report reviews the fundamental process and project-management problems of large-scale SoS-like programs and outlines steps to address these problems. The report has eight sections. Section 1 summarizes current thinking on the nature of future complex systems, and Section 2 discusses the systems-design problems of the future, particularly the partitioning of massive systems into system-of-systems structures. Section 3 points out how large-scale systems development efforts have typically failed because of project-management and not technical problems, and that the solutions to these problems are known and highly effective, but not widely practiced. It explains why, if the project-management problems of the past are not promptly and effectively addressed, large-scale systems development programs will likely be unmanageable. Section 4 discusses the requirements for a scalable process, and Section 5 both reviews and explains the quality-management principles upon which any scalable process must rest. Section 6 reviews the nature of the project-management problems currently faced by large-scale software-intensive system development efforts and explains why attempts to scale up current methods to very large-scale systems work will almost certainly fail. Section 7 describes process strategies for supporting development of a network-like system of systems and it outlines the process and project-management topics needing further research and development. Finally, Section 8 reviews the process considerations for supporting the very large-scale integrated development programs of the future. The report concludes that, unless steps like those outlined in this report are taken in conjunction with continuing technical research and development, the large-scale systems development efforts of the future will almost certainly fail, and often catastrophically.
Circles of Memory : Decolonial Hermeneutics of Memory and Representations of Trauma in Radwa Ashour’s Novels

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Fictional representations of memory and traumatic experiences occupy a crucial space in contemporary literary studies. However, while empirical analysis of these two themes is flourishing beyond their traditional subjects and is enriched by studies examining narratives of memory and trauma in relation to post-colonial contexts (Craps, 2013; Ward, 2015), the theory continues to be euro-centric, revealing a substantial lack of awareness of cultural diversity. Moreover, critics argue against approaching memory as a standalone discipline (Gensburger, 2016) and go as far as anticipating its “soft landing” due to the current saturation with memory, suggesting changing the focus to the present and the future (Rosenfeld, 2009). Decolonial epistemology challenges mainstream trauma and memory studies, expanding their focus beyond Western contexts (Vissar, 2015). This research contributes to the endeavour of decolonizing trauma and memory studies, through an in-depth analysis of four novels by the Egyptian writer Radwa Ashour (1964-2014): Granada (2003, orig. Arabic, Thulatheyyat Gheranata, 1998), The Woman from Tantoura (2014, orig. Arabic, Al-Tantoureyah 2010), Blue Lorries (2014, orig. Arabic, Faraj, 2008) and Specters (2010, orig.Arabic, Atyaf, 1999). My analysis addresses three main questions: 1) Why is it still important to study cultural memory and investigate traumatic histories despite the criticism and calls to move beyond these concepts? 2) What alternative approaches to canonical trauma theory and Western theories of memory are possible when interpreting literary works? 3) Can traumatic experiences and memories of suffering be viewed as positive forces for self-preservation and resilience and help overcome the pathological stigma? To answer these questions, I rely on critical historiography studies (Nora, 1989; Assmann, 2008), psychoanalytical theory (Abraham and Torok, 1994), social theory (Foucault, 1977; Alexander, 2013) and cultural studies (Said, 1984; Spivak, 1988), and I contribute to the scholarship in the fields of memory and trauma studies by proposing “Circles of Memory” as an alternative approach to understanding memory in postcolonial contexts. In this model I build on Assmann’s concept of transnational memory and Erll’s concept of traveling memory to suggest a visualization of memory that is dynamic and interactive, traveling through temporal and special spheres, affected by representation and reception. I also suggest that traumatic experiences can be integrated into individual and collective identities to achieve self-affirmation and promote solidarity among people with traumatic histories. In the field of literary studies, this study contributes to positioning Radwa Ashour’s major works in the broader field of trauma narratives and representations of memory, a space where Arab literary experiences are often neglected, and it shows that shifting the field of observation can produce innovative theories.
Age Variation in the Divorce Rate, 1990 & 2021

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The divorce rate in the U.S. has declined in recent decades.In 1990, 19 people per 1,000 currently married individuals divorced compared to 13 per 1,000 in 2021.The overall trend in the divorce rate masks substantial variation by age.The divorce rate for younger people has been on the decline since the 1990s (Kennedy and Ruggles, 2014) whereas the divorce rate among those 50 and older has more than doubled since 1990 (Brown and Lin, 2012).This family profile updates FP-21-16 and charts the divorce rates by age groups in 1990 and 2021 using U.S.
Double-blind trial of R-(-)-deprenyl for the "on-off" effect complicating Parkinson's disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We performed a double-blind parallel study of deprenyl 5 mg BID vs. placebo in treatment of "on-off" oscillations complicating Parkinson's disease. After a 2-week baseline period, treatment was given for 6 weeks with weekly evaluations using the Northwestern Disability Scale and patients' hourly self-assessment of "on-off" status performed at home. Patients on deprenyl experienced significant improvement in time spent in the "on" state. They were also more likely than patients on placebo to experience improvement of severity of tremor and hypomimia during the "on" state. No other areas of disability improved in quality. Side effects such as hallucinations and worsening of choreoathetosis were frequent among the deprenyl group but generally responded to reduction in concomitant levodopa/carbidopa dosage. We conclude that deprenyl is moderately useful in ameliorating "on-off" in a majority of patients.
Euphorbia bifida (Euphorbiaceae): An addition to the Indian flora from Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A species of the genus Euphorbia- E. bifida Hook. and Arn. (Euphorbiaceae: subgenus Chamaesyce) is reported for the first time as a new record for Indian flora from the Kamorta Island of Nicobar group of Islands with brief taxonomic description based on our collected specimens. In addition to the description, habitat ecology, details on population distribution, key to the species of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, photos of the collected specimens and the conservation status are also provided.
Predicting the North Atlantic for Climate Services

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This poster presents shortly how Blue-Action contributes to the BluePrint for Ocean Observing in the Atlantic. The poster was presented at OceanObs'2019 by Steffen Olsen (DMI). Blue-Action contributes to defining the future Atlantic monitoring system by: optimizing the monitoring systems at the gateways to the Arctic, assessing and enhancing the usefulness of the North Atlantic ocean observations in decadal prediction systems, demonstrating the value of initialized decadal predictions in climate services
Dispositional mindfulness and cardiovascular reactivity to sensory rejection and sensory intake tasks

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Mindfulness is a trained or dispositional state of "being" that has been linked to positive mental and physical health effects. Although preliminary findings on cortical activation have shown mindfulness to be associated with increased frontal activation and reduced limbic activity, very little is known regarding the influence of mindfulness on autonomic nervous system activity. The present study sought to determine how participants varying in self-reported levels of dispositional mindfulness reacted to tasks differing on attention to environmental stimuli. Cardiovascular reactivity [heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure] to a sensory intake task (computerized reaction time task) was contrasted with reactivity to a sensory rejection task (mental arithmetic). Forty students (71% women) were selected from a large sample of undergraduates and categorized as being high or low in dispositional mindfulness. Congruent with previous research, heart rates increased during the sensory rejection task and decreased during the sensory intake task (p < .01). Additionally, significant differences between tasks were observed for high and low frequency HRV, with heart rate increases to sensory rejection being associated with increased low frequency HRV and heart rate decreases to sensory intake being associated with increased high frequency HRV (ps < .001). Though the proposed Mindfulness Level by Task Type interaction was not significant, results showed that systolic blood pressure reactivity differed between high and low levels of mindfulness (p < .01), with higher systolic blood pressure reactions being associated with high levels of mindfulness. Further examination of mindfulness factors revealed that the Act with Awareness facet of mindfulness was significantly related to blood pressure reactivity during the sensory intake task, but not during the sensory rejection task, r's = .40--.48, p's <.01. Results also revealed that participants high in mindfulness performed much better on the sensory intake task than participants low in mindfulness, but these task performance differences did not explain the elevated blood pressure responses observed among high mindfulness participants. These results replicate and extend existing research reporting task differences in cardiovascular reactivity, indicating that reactivity to sensory rejection tasks is driven by the sympathetic nervous system, whereas reactivity to sensory intake tasks is primarily parasympathetic. Results relating mindfulness and reactivity to stress imply that acting with awareness may be one behavioral mechanism through which dispositional mindfulness influences physiology.
Sestrin2 Expression Has Regulatory Properties and Prognostic Value in Lung Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lung cancer remains the most dangerous type of cancer despite recent progress in therapeutic modalities. Development of prognostic markers and therapeutic targets is necessary to enhance lung cancer patient survival. Sestrin family genes (Sestrin1, Sestrin2, and Sestrin3) are involved in protecting cells from stress. In particular, Sestrin2, which mainly protects cells from oxidative stress and acts as a leucine sensor protein in mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, is thought to affect various cancers in different ways. To investigate the role of Sestrin2 expression in lung cancer cells, we knocked down Sestrin2 in A549, a non-small cell lung cancer cell line; this resulted in reduced cell proliferation, migration, sphere formation, and drug resistance, suggesting that Sestrin2 is closely related to lung cancer progression. We analyzed Sestrin2 expression in human tissue using various bioinformatic databases and confirmed higher expression of Sestrin2 in lung cancer cells than in normal lung cells using Oncomine and the Human Protein Atlas. Moreover, analyses using Prognoscan and KMplotter showed that Sestrin2 expression is negatively correlated with the survival of lung cancer patients in multiple datasets. Co-expressed gene analysis revealed Sestrin2-regulated genes and possible associated pathways. Overall, these data suggest that Sestrin2 expression has prognostic value and that it is a possible therapeutic target in lung cancer.
A multi-ontology view of ergonomics: applying the Cynefin Framework to improve theory and practice

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Ergonomics literature has often identified concerns about the difficulty of gaining support for ergonomics interventions. There appears to be a shift from the view that ergonomics issues can be made to be simple, towards a wider appreciation of the complexity of ergonomics problems in the real world. A framework from knowledge management – the Cynefin Framework – is recommended as providing a way of re-perceiving situations where ergonomics problems may be present or have already been identified. The framework uses multiple ontologies and indicates appropriate courses of investigation and action for each of four domains – the simple, the complex, the complicated and the chaotic. This paper presents evidence of the need for a multi-ontology approach and shows how the Cynefin Framework can be applied to ergonomics.
Selective Modification of Streptozotocin at the C3 Position to Improve Its Bioactivity as Antibiotic and Reduce Its Cytotoxicity towards Insulin-Producing β Cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

With the increasing resistance of bacteria to current antibiotics, novel compounds are urgently needed to treat bacterial infections. Streptozotocin (STZ) is a natural product that has broad-spectrum antibiotic activity, albeit with limited use because of its toxicity to pancreatic β cells. In an attempt to derivatize STZ through structural modification at the C3 position, we performed the synthesis of three novel STZ analogues by making use of our recently developed regioselective oxidation protocol. Keto-STZ (2) shows the highest inhibition of bacterial growth (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and viability assays), but is also the most cytotoxic compound. Pre-sensitizing the bacteria with GlcNAc increased the antimicrobial effect, but did not result in complete killing. Interestingly, allo-STZ (3) revealed moderate concentration-dependent antimicrobial activity and no cytotoxicity towards β cells, and deoxy-STZ (4) showed no activity at all.
Method for Intravenous Administration of Heparin in Myocardial Infarction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Three cases of portal phlebothrombosis during the puerperium, with infarction of bowel, are described, together with a review of the literature.Possible aetiological factors are discussed.The conjunc- tion of the thrombosis with changes in the blood, particularly the platelets, is stressed.A plea is made that similar cases be reported.Our thanks are due to Mr. R. W. Knowlton, under whose care Cases 1 and 2 were admitted to hospital; to Dr.