jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Searching for a Needle in a Haystack: Chemical Analysis Reveals Nitazenes Found in Drug Paraphernalia Residues

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Introduction A group of synthetic opioids, the nitazenes, is appearing in the illicit drug market. Monitoring these novel psychoactive substances is challenging due to constantly evolving analogues and the small amounts of these potent drugs that are consumed. This study aimed to investigate the presence of nitazenes in drug paraphernalia in South Australia using sensitive and selective analytical methods. Methods Injecting drug paraphernalia samples were collected from needle and syringe programme sites in South Australia that offer disposal services. Chemical analysis using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify nitazenes in these samples. Results Nitazenes were detected in 16 samples from a total of 300 (5%). Two of these samples contained more than one nitazene in combination with the non‐opioid sedative xylazine. The main drug detected in the nitazene‐positive samples was heroin. Seven different nitazenes were detected across all samples. Discussion and Conclusions Due to their relatively high potency and harm potential, the detection of nitazenes in drug paraphernalia is a public health concern. All nitazene‐positive samples contained other drugs, indicating potential poly‐drug use, needle and syringe re‐use, or contamination of the drug of choice with nitazenes. This study shows that chemical analysis of drug paraphernalia is feasible, non‐invasive, and effective, providing early signal identification to monitor the appearance of dangerous novel psychoactive substances being consumed.
Abstract 410: Multimorbidity, Medication Adherence And Blood Pressure Control Among Hypertensive Patients In Primary Care Settings

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Multimorbidity, defined as having more than one co-existing chronic condition, induces substantial disease burden. This study aimed to evaluate whether multimorbidity is associated with poor medication adherence and poor blood pressure (BP) control. Methods: A multistage, cluster random sampling was adopted to recruit adult hypertensive patients attending general outpatient clinics in Hong Kong in 2012. Data on BP and the number of chronic medical conditions were collected onsite using a standardised protocol. Adherence to medication was assessed by Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). A binary logistic regression analysis was conducted with multimorbidity as the outcome variable, and poor adherence (MMAS-8 score ≤ 6) and suboptimal BP control (SBP/DBP > 130/80 mmHg for those with diabetes or chronic kidney disease; and > 140/90 mmHg for others) were included as covariates. Results: From a total of 1,445 completed surveys, the proportion of hypertensive patients having 0, 1 and ≥ 2 additional conditions was 53.6% [775/1,445], 37.5% [542/1,445] and 8.9% [128/1,445]. The corresponding rate of poor adherence was 54.3% [379/698], 37.2% [260/698], and 8.5% [59/698], whereas the rate of suboptimal BP control was 48.0% [294/613], 41.3% [253/613], and 10.8% [66/613], respectively. When compared with patients with no additional conditions, multimorbid patients were significantly more likely to have suboptimal BP control (AOR= 1.47, 95% CI 1.18-1.84, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Multimorbidity was common among hypertensive patients, and was associated with poor BP control. They should receive more clinical attention to achieve better clinical outcomes.
Atomic Force Microscopy Lifetime Analysis: An Intuitive Method for Evaluating Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Dimer-Targeting Inhibitors

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Overexpression of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) or binding to ligands can lead to the formation of specific unliganded and liganded RTK dimers, and these two RTK dimers are potential targets for preventing tumor metastasis. Traditional RTK dimer inhibitor analysis was mostly based on end point assays, which required cumbersome cell handling and behavior monitoring. There are still challenges in developing intuitive process-based analytical methods to study RTK dimer inhibitors, especially those used to visually distinguish between unliganded and liganded RTK dimer inhibitors. Herein, taking the mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) receptor, an intuitive method for evaluating MET inhibitors has been developed based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) lifetime analysis. The time interval between the start of the force and the bond break point was regarded as the bond lifetime, which could reflect the stability of the MET dimer. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the lifetime (τ) of unliganded MET dimers (τ1 = 207.87 ± 4.69 ms) and liganded MET dimers (τ2 = 330.58 ± 15.60 ms) induced by the hepatocyte growth factor, and aptamer SL1 could decrease τ1 and τ2, suggesting that SL1 could inhibit both unliganded and liganded MET dimers. However, heparin only decreased τ2, suggesting that it could inhibit only the liganded MET dimer. AFM-based lifetime analysis methods could monitor RTK dimer status rather than provide overall average results, allowing for intuitive process-based analysis and evaluation of RTK dimers and related inhibitors at the single-molecule level. This study provides a novel complementary strategy for simple and intuitive RTK inhibitor research.
Global security and human security

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

I argue that the idea of "security" must extend well beyond its traditional military dimension to encompass the interrelated military, political, economic, environmental, health, and other international and global threats arising mainly from our global interdependence. There is no better time than now to build global consensus on many of these issues, and the logical party to take the initiative would clearly be a revitalized UN along with its various components and affiliated agencies, including relevant non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that are accredited to the UN. International cooperation among these institutions should become increasingly important in achieving our shared global security goals. It is obvious that we will need new theories and analytic frameworks for global security to replace traditional but outdated theories such as containment, balance of power, deterrence, and hegemonic stability. Research of such significance, urgency, and difficulty would require wide international collaboration engaging the top scientists and research facilities of many nations.
Supracondylar Fractures of the Humerus in Children Treated by Skeletal Suspension Traction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supracondylar fracture of the humerus is the most frequent and most serious injury that occurs in the region of the elbow in children..It may well be the most frequent, serious fracture 0.£ childhood.Treatment of this injury is often difficult not only from the standpoint of satisfactory reduction and retention of displaced fragments, but also because of severe associated soft tissue injuries.
Cervical neoplasia in the patient with HIV infection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

With heterosexual transmission of HIV becoming the primary mode of transmission to women in the USA, and a high rate of human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical neoplasia in HIV-infected women, obstetrician-gynecologists have become primary care providers for HIV-infected women. Reports of a high rate of recurrence and progression of cervical neoplasia in this population suggest that gynecologists must strive to identify those women with cervical neoplasia who are HIV infected. Alterations in local immune response of the genital tract caused by HIV infection may be responsible for higher prevalence, recurrence rates, and progression rates of cervical neoplasms in these women. Since cervical cancer may have a more fulminant course in HIV-infected women and has become an AIDS-defining illness, the surveillance and treatment of cervical neoplasia may need to be more aggressive.
Supplemental Figure 2 from Autophagy-Dependent Sensitization of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Models to Topoisomerase II Poisons by Inhibition of the Nucleosome Remodeling Factor

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Supplemental Figure 2. NURF Selectively Suppresses Toxicity to Topoisomerase 2 Poisons and Improves their DNA Damaging Effects.</p>
Hydrosilylation of alkenes and ketones catalyzed by nickel(II) indenyl complexes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstraction of Cl  from the complexes (indenyl)Ni(PPh 3 )Cl generates cationic species that are effective precatalysts for the hydrosilylation of some olefins and ketones. For instance, the mixture of (1-Me-indenyl)Ni(PPh 3 )Cl and NaBPh 4 (or methylaluminoxane) reacts at room temperature with ca. 100 equiv. each of PhSiH 3 and styrene to produce [1-phenyl-1-ethyl](phenyl)silane, PhCH(CH 3 )(SiPhH 2 ), in 50%80% yield. The same system can also catalyze the hydrosilylation of 1-hexene and norbornene, but the products arising from these substrates consist of mixtures of regio- and stereoisomers. On the other hand, ketone hydrosilylation is regiospecific, giving the corresponding silyl ethers in high yields. A number of experimental observations have indicated that the initially generated Ni-based cation is not the catalytically active species. Indeed, the cationic initiators may be replaced by LiAlH 4 or AlMe 3 , which generate the corresponding Ni-H or Ni-Me derivatives, respectively. Moreover, the observed regioselectivity for the addition of PhSiH 3 to styrene (i.e., predominant addition of the silyl fragment to the α-C) is opposite of what would be expected if the reaction mechanism involved carbocationic intermediates. A new mechanism is proposed in which the active species is a Ni-H species originating from the transfer of H  from PhSiH 3 to the initially generated Ni cation. Key words: hydrosilylation, nickel indenyl complexes, cationic complexes, hydride intermediates.
Selective Inhibition of the C-Domain of Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme by Bradykinin Potentiating Peptides

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Somatic angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) contains two functional active sites. Up to now, most of the studies aimed at characterizing the selectivity of inhibitors toward the two ACE active sites relied on the use of ACE mutants containing a single functional active site. By developing new fluorogenic synthetic substrates of ACE, we demonstrated that inhibitor selectivity can be assessed directly by using somatic ACE. This useful screening approach led us to discover that some bradykinin potentiating peptides turned out to be selective inhibitors of the C-domain of ACE. The peptide pGlu-Gly-Leu-Pro-Pro-Arg-Pro-Lys-Ile-Pro-Pro, with K(i)(app) values of 30 nM and 8 microM, respectively, for the C- and N-domain of ACE, is to our knowledge the most highly selective C-domain inhibitor of ACE so far reported. Inhibitors able to block selectively either the N- or C-domain of ACE will represent unique tools to probe the function of each domain in the regulation of blood pressure or other physiopathological events involving ACE activity.
Analysis and explanation of effective components of rural cooperatives on rural development (Case study of Ardabil province)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the 21st century, cooperatives are a good lever for the development of countries that can be effective in improving living conditions,production and raising the level of income and social and cultural status of the people in line with government policies. cooperatives people's institution can play a great role in the comprehensive development of villages. This research is a quantitative research in nature. In terms of control of variables, non-experimental and in terms of purpose is applied research and has been done by descriptive-correlation method. The statistical population of the study included cooperative experts of Ardabil province (N = 144 people). The sample size was determined 104 people using Morgan table. Simple random sampling method was randomly selected. The subjects were questioned and interviewed using a questionnaire. In the present study, the main tool for data collection was a questionnaire. The content validity of the tools used in this study was reviewed and confirmed by professors in the field of cooperation and university professors. In order to determine the reliability of the research tool, a pre-test was performed using 30 questionnaires in the early stages of questioning and its Cronbach's alpha value was calculated using SPSS software version 21. The results of the second type confirmatory factor analysis showed that the most effective factors include development of education, reform and improvement of rural economy, job creation and reduction of migration, improvement of household economy, expansion of participatory culture, development of industry, improvement of welfare services and agricultural development.
Development of a system that changes the speed of the motor for a given radius of curvature of an autonomous car while taking turn

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This work endeavors to create a system capable of autonomously regulating a car’s speed while navigating turns, based on the curvature of the road. The primary objective is to bolster the safety and stability of autonomous vehicles by curbing excessive speeds during turns, thereby mitigating the risk of accidents such as loss of control or rollovers. The approach blends theoretical analysis with practical application, involving computations to ascertain the ideal speed for a given curve radius. Factors such as vehicle mass, wheel specifications, and centrifugal and gyroscopic forces are considered in these calculations. Subsequently, an algorithm is devised and implemented using Arduino Uno and programmed within the Arduino IDE software environment. The system employs sensors to monitor the motor’s speed and adjust the motor’s speed accordingly. Both simulated scenarios and real-world experiments validate the system’s efficacy in maintaining safe speeds during turns. The study concludes by underlining the potential of this system to heighten the safety and dependability of autonomous vehicles, while also proposing future avenues for research, such as integration with broader autonomous driving frameworks and field testing across diverse environmental conditions.
From Interaction Flow Modeling Language to Symfony: an automated model transformation methodology

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Web application development has become increasingly complex with the rise of modern frameworks and user-centric architectures. Ensuring efficient and reliable development processes requires adopting structured methodologies that bridge abstract models with platform specific implementations. This paper presents a methodology for automating the transformation of Interaction Flow Modeling Language (IFML) models into Symfony models using the Atlas Transformation Language (ATL). The proposed approach supports model-driven architecture (MDA) principles and bridges the gap between abstract user interaction models in platform independent model (PIM) level and platform specific model (PSM) level. By leveraging IFML’s user-centered modeling capabilities and Symfony’s model-view-controller (MVC) framework, our solution enables the automatic generation of reliable, structured front-end architectures. Two case studies demonstrate the feasibility of the approach. This work contributes to the automation of model driven web development by offering a scalable and reusable transformation process from IFML to Symfony.
Application of Pyrimidine and Pyridine Derivatives for Regulation of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Growth

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effect of new synthetic pyrimidine derivatives on the growth and development of the chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) variety Mexican was studied.The growth-regulating activity of pyrimidine derivatives was compared with the activity of phytohormones auxins, derivatives of 1H-indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA), as well as plant growth regulators, derivatives of sodium and potassium salts of 6-methyl-2-mercapto-4- hydroxypyrimidine (Methyur and Kamethur), N-oxide2,6-dimethylpyridine (Ivin).The most biologically active synthetic compounds among pyrimidine derivatives were selected, which showed auxin-like, Ivin-like, Methyurlike and Kamethur-like regulatory effects on the growth and development of the shoot and root of chickpea plants. An analysis of the relationship between biological activity and the chemical structure of synthetic pyrimidine derivatives was conducted.Toimprove the growth and development of the chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) variety Mexican, the application of selected synthetic pyrimidine derivatives, as well as plant growth regulators Methyur, Kamethur and Ivin is proposed.
Optimal timing of harvest of two fish species with multiple gear types

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper a bioeconomic model is developed for a commercial fishery with multiple gear types in the case of two independent fish species. Where most bioeconomic fishery models focus on either multiple gear types or multiple species (mostly predator-prey relationships) this model combines both aspects for four gear types and two independent fish species. The objective of the paper is to find the optimal allocation of four gear types per period to obtain the highest net benefits while harvesting at a sustainable rate. This is done by developing a discrete time LP-model for a sole owner fishery, given a Total Allowable Catch for the two fish species. The model is applied to the Chippewas of Nawash First Nation commercial fishery in Lake Huron and Georgian Bay (Ontario, Canada). Sensitivity analyses are performed on price changes as well as on the average harvest levels per boat.
Notes on the orientation of the town-planning of Nicopolis, the capital of Old Epirus

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Here we will consider the town-planning of Nicopolis, that is the City of the Victory, founded by Augustus and capital of the Old Epirus. We will consider in particular the orientation of its main street, the decumanus. The varatio, that is the geometry based on right triangles used to determine the orientation of the town-planning, has a ratio of 1:3. No astronomical orientation seems to be evident for the town. It exists just a faint link to the beginning of the spring at Roman time, that is to the sunrise on 7 February.
Naphtha Characterization (PIONA, Density, Distillation Curve and Sulfur Content): An Origin Comparison

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Naphtha is an important distillation product of crude oil, and is used as a raw material for first-generation products such as ethylene, propylene, gasoline, xylene (BTX), and others. However, due to the different sources of crude oil, differences in naphtha composition impact the quality of conversion processes. Parameters such as pressure, charge flow, and temperature need to be adjusted for conversion efficiency. This work aims to compare naphtha samples from different origins, through the analysis of distillation curve (ASTM D86), density (ASTM D4052), total sulfur (ASTM D4294), and n-paraffins, iso-paraffins, olefins, naphthene, and aromatics (PIONA, ASTM D5134). Among these parameters evaluated in naphtha, the ones that showed the greatest correlation with the type of oil and its origin was the amount of total sulfur, number of aromatics, and paraffins. The three imported evaluated naphtha presented values greater than 200 mg/kg of total sulfur, aromatics above 9%w, and paraffins (P + I) below 76%w, while the national naphtha presented sulfur contents of at most 141 mg/kg, aromatics below 7%w, and paraffins (P + I) above 78%w. Finally, the study of this type of hydrocarbon enables the understanding of the needs of Latin American refineries and the world in relation to its treatment. National petrochemical companies have more difficulty in processing this product, causing an increase in naphtha importation by 108.51% from 2020/2021 in Brazil. Given this scenario, the Brazilian government should invest more in its petrochemical plants to reduce these imports, which, in the long term, would have a positive impact on the quality and value of naphtha byproducts.
A cross-sectional study to identify organisational processes associated with nurse-reported quality and patient safety

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives The purpose of this study was to identify organisational processes and structures that are associated with nurse-reported patient safety and quality of nursing. Design This is an observational cross-sectional study using survey methods. Setting Respondents from 31 Norwegian hospitals with more than 85 beds were included in the survey. Participants All registered nurses working in direct patient care in a position of 20% or more were invited to answer the survey. In this study, 3618 nurses from surgical and medical wards responded (response rate 58.9). Nurses' practice environment was defined as organisational processes and measured by the Nursing Work Index Revised and items from Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture . Outcome measures Nurses' assessments of patient safety, quality of nursing, confidence in how their patients manage after discharge and frequency of adverse events were used as outcome measures. Results Quality system , nurse–physician relation , patient safety management and staff adequacy were process measures associated with nurse-reported work-related and patient-related outcomes, but we found no associations with nurse participation , education and career and ward leadership . Most organisational structures were non-significant in the multilevel model except for nurses’ affiliations to medical department and hospital type . Conclusions Organisational structures may have minor impact on how nurses perceive work-related and patient-related outcomes, but the findings in this study indicate that there is a considerable potential to address organisational design in improvement of patient safety and quality of care.