jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations After Pediatric Tracheostomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To determine factors associated with frequent emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations after pediatric tracheostomy. Methods A prospective cohort of children (<18 years) with a tracheostomy placed at a tertiary children's hospital between 2015 and 2019 were followed for 24 months after index discharge. ED visits and hospitalizations were recorded to identify risk factors for frequent utilization (≥4 visits). Results A total of 239 children required 1285 total visits to the ED or hospital after index discharge with 112 children (47%) having ≥4 visits. Respiratory‐related illness was the most common reason ( N = 699, 54%) followed by gastrostomy tube issues ( N = 119, 9.3%). Frequent utilization was associated with Black race (OR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.18–3.70, p = 0.01), mechanical ventilation (OR: 2.74, 95% CI: 1.35–5.59, p = 0.006), and Spanish language (OR: 3.86, 95% CI: 1.47–10.11, p = 0.006) on regression modeling. There were no predictors of visits for tracheostomy‐related complications, which accounted for 4.8% of all encounters. A sub‐analysis showed that Hispanic ethnicity and gestational age predicted visits for respiratory failure. Conclusion Frequent ED visits or hospitalizations are required for 47% of children in the first 2 years after tracheostomy placement. Ventilatory support, Black race, and Spanish language increase the likelihood of high utilization. Although tracheostomy‐related visits are uncommon, strategies to anticipate and decrease respiratory‐related admissions may have the most impact. Level of evidence 3 Laryngoscope , 133:2018–2024, 2023
Promising medicinal plants for treatment of helminths of bison.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Bison bonasus (Linnaeus, 1758) and B. bison (Linnaeus, 1758) are mammals placed in the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Populations of those species of animals are under threat of extinction. Therefore, developing practical measures for their protection is of great significance. However, one way of improving the population of bisons is integrated control of their helminths. The article generalizes the data about the helminth fauna of B. bonasus and B. bison, as well as data on relatively medicinal plants with anthelmintic properties. The results of the analysis indicate the existence of more effective medicinal plants that could be used to develop novel anthelmintic drugs. Less effective anthelmintic plants may be consumed by animals in pastures or with hay in the conditions of stable maintenance. Helminths in bison populations should be controlled using plant-based anthelmintic drugs taking into account infections in animals in particular herds of bisons by more or less dangerous helminths.
Right-sided Electrocardiogram in Patients With Acute Pulmonary Embolism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is an emergent condition. The diagnostic tools are CT angiography and echocardiography. However, all of these modalities can be used under stable and nonemergent conditions. As electrocardiographic (ECG) studies are more feasible under emergent situations, Objective: we aimed to study right-sided ECG (RS-ECG) in patients with APE with further analysis regarding echocardiographic findings and pulmonary embolism severity index (PESI). Methods: Right-sided and standard electrocardiogram were obtained from 143 patients with confirmed APE. T-wave inversion, ST segment elevation (STE), and QS pattern in RS-ECG have been considered as abnormal changes. Results: T-wave inversion, STE, and QS pattern were found in 78.3%, 42%, and 39.9% of patients, respectively. 88.1% of patients showed at least one of these abnormalities in their RS-ECGs. Sensitivity of RS-ECG for APE was 0.88, which was higher than sensitivity of standard ECG (0.79). Patients with STE in right precordial leads, had increased right to left ventricular (RV/LV) diameter ratio ( P = 0.021) and had higher PESI score ( P = 0.000). Moreover, STE in RS-ECG was an independent predictor for PESI score in patients with moderate (odds ratio 4.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37-11.96; P < 0.05) and high 30-day mortality risk (odds ratio 8.42; 95% CI, 2.08-33.93; P < 0.05). Conclusions: Abnormal changes in RS-ECG were associated with an increase in RV/LV diameter ratio and higher PESI score, which may be indicated poor prognosis in patients with APE. The most clinically useful ECG finding was STE which was associated with increased RV/LV diameter ratio and PESI score.
Apparent auditory deprivation effects of late onset: The role of presentation level

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Silman and colleagues [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 76, 1347–1362 (1984)] have reported an apparent effect of late auditory deprivation; this presents as loss of discrimination over time in the unaided ear of individuals using a single hearing aid fitted in middle age. In a replication of the basic effect, the influence of presentation level was examined in 24 monaurally aided subjects. The effect was reversed at presentation levels below about 75 dB SPL. The ear that is normally aided performs better at high presentation levels, while, at lower presentation levels, the converse is true. Thus it appears that a form of selective adjustment takes place in a particular part of the dynamic range, at least in ears with a dynamic range limited by a sensory hearing loss. If this interpretation is correct, there are important implications for research on perceptual learning and for the time course of evaluation in hearing aid provision.
A novel mouse bladder cancer model with high metastases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To establish a novel mouse bladder cancer mouse model.Methods BTT T739 cells,a mouse bladder transitional cell carcinoma cell line,were transfected with GFP plasmid to screen stable GFP expressing clones.The latter were implanted into the wall of bladder or subcutaneous tissue of flank.The growth,invasion,and micmetastasis were observed and evaluated under fluorescent microscopy.The tumor cell number of metastasis was analyzed by flow cytometry.The findings were compared with those of HE staining on rontine paraffin sections.Results GFP labeled tumor cells displayed green fluorescence under fluorescent microscopy.One week after in situ transplantation of 2 4×10 5,urinary retention,ureteral obstruction and metastases of regional drained lymph node in pelvic and mesenterium,and distant organs such as kidney,lung,liver and spleen occurred.The tumor growth and metastasis were easily observed and accurately evaluated by epi fluorescent microscope and FACS without staining or substrate adding.Conclusion GFP labeled BTT T739 and the novel mouse bladder cancer model described here provided a simple and reliable tool for studying the growth,invasion and metastasis of bladder cancer in vivo.
Surface plasmon resonance aptasensing and computational analysis of Staphylococcus aureus IsdA surface protein

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ), a common foodborne pathogen, poses significant public health challenges due to its association with various infectious diseases. A key player in its pathogenicity, which is the IsdA protein, is an essential virulence factor in S. aureus infections. In this work, we present an integrated in‐silico and experimental approach using MD simulations and surface plasmon resonance (SPR)‐based aptasensing measurements to investigate S. aureus biorecognition via IsdA surface protein binding. SPR, a powerful real‐time and label‐free technique, was utilized to characterize interaction dynamics between the aptamer and IsdA protein, and MD simulations was used to characterize the stable and dynamic binding regions. By characterizing and optimizing pivotal parameters such as aptamer concentration and buffer conditions, we determined the aptamer's binding performance. Under optimal conditions of pH 7.4 and 150 mM NaCl concentration, the kinetic parameters were determined; k a = 3.789 × 10 4 /Ms, k d = 1.798 × 10 3 /s, and K D = 4.745 × 10 −8 M. The simulations revealed regions of interest in the IsdA‐aptamer complex. Region I, which includes interactions between amino acid residues H106 and R107 and nucleotide residues 9G, 10U, 11G and 12U of the aptamer, had the strongest interaction, based on ΔG and B‐factor values, and hence contributed the most to the stability of the interaction. Region II, which covers residue 37A reflects the dynamic nature of the interaction due to frequent contacts. The approach presents a rigorous characterization of aptamer‐IsdA binding behavior, supporting the potential application of the IsdA‐binding aptamer system for S. aureus biosensing.
Controlling Protein Surface Orientation by Strategic Placement of Oligo-Histidine Tags

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We report oriented immobilization of proteins using the standard hexahistidine (His6)-Ni2+:NTA (nitrilotriacetic acid) methodology, which we systematically tuned to give control of surface coverage. Fluorescence microscopy and surface plasmon resonance measurements of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of red fluorescent proteins (TagRFP) showed that binding strength increased by 1 order of magnitude for each additional His6-tag on the TagRFP proteins. All TagRFP variants with His6-tags located on only one side of the barrel-shaped protein yielded a 1.5 times higher surface coverage compared to variants with His6-tags on opposite sides of the so-called β-barrel. Time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy measurements supported by polarized infrared spectroscopy verified that the orientation (and thus coverage and functionality) of proteins on surfaces can be controlled by strategic placement of a His6-tag on the protein. Molecular dynamics simulations show how the differently tagged proteins reside at the surface in "end-on" and "side-on" orientations with each His6-tag contributing to binding. Also, not every dihistidine subunit in a given His6-tag forms a full coordination bond with the Ni2+:NTA SAMs, which varied with the position of the His6-tag on the protein. At equal valency but different tag positions on the protein, differences in binding were caused by probing for Ni2+:NTA moieties and by additional electrostatic interactions between different fractions of the β-barrel structure and charged NTA moieties. Potential of mean force calculations indicate there is no specific single-protein interaction mode that provides a clear preferential surface orientation, suggesting that the experimentally measured preference for the end-on orientation is a supra-protein, not a single-protein, effect.
Analysis of Aviation Fuel Performance

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Aviation fuels are jet fuels produced from crude oil and has specific physical and chemical properties. Analysis experiments were conducted for different samples of aviation fuel such as gas chromatography, color test, smoke point freezing point, and flash point. The sample of aviation fuel produced from Khartoum refinery used as control sample and other three samples took from air force with different storage period. Results showed that there is no change in color test of all samples, while the components differed in the GC test, where the control sample consisted of 30 compounds, compared with storage sample, which has 40 compounds. The total acidity and the relative mass of sulfur decreased. Meanwhile, there was a slight change in the boiling range and freezing point due to the decrease in viscosity. The results from smoke point test showed that, the smoke point increased from 29.6? in control sample to 37.3? in the storage sample. The electrical conductivity greatly decreased from 256 S/m in the control sample to 110 S/m in the storage sample. These results proved that the effect of storage time in the properties of aviation fuel.
Flashback Propensity of Syngas Fuels

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper presents experimental measurements of flashback propensity of H2-CO mixtures (primary constituents of syngas fuels). Effects of H2 concentration, external excitation and swirl on the flashback propensity of H2-CO flames are discussed. The flashback behavior of H2-CO flames changes nonlinearly with the increase in H2 contents in the mixture. The critical velocity gradient (gF) values of 5%–95% and 15%–85% H2-CO mixtures somewhat agree with the scaling relation (gF = c(SL2/α)) and yield an average c value of 0.035. However, the gF values of 25%–75% H2-CO mixture show higher order variations with the SL2/α ratio (especially for SL2/α &lt; 19,000 s−1). At a lower SL2/α ratio, burner diameters have small effects on critical velocity gradient measurements; however, the effect is significant at higher SL2/α ratio. The effect of external excitation on the flashback propensity of H2-CO flames with more than 5% H2 is not significant. Flashback through two mechanisms and their dependence on combustor parameters were also identified for swirl stabilized H2-CO flames.
Log-Gaussian Gamma Processes for Training Bayesian Neural Networks in Raman and CARS Spectroscopies

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose an approach utilizing gamma-distributed random variables, coupled with log-Gaussian modeling, to generate synthetic datasets suitable for training neural networks. This addresses the challenge of limited real observations in various applications. We apply this methodology to both Raman and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectra, using experimental spectra to estimate gamma process parameters. Parameter estimation is performed using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, yielding a full Bayesian posterior distribution for the model which can be sampled for synthetic data generation. Additionally, we model the additive and multiplicative background functions for Raman and CARS with Gaussian processes. We train two Bayesian neural networks to estimate parameters of the gamma process which can then be used to estimate the underlying Raman spectrum and simultaneously provide uncertainty through the estimation of parameters of a probability distribution. We apply the trained Bayesian neural networks to experimental Raman spectra of phthalocyanine blue, aniline black, naphthol red, and red 264 pigments and also to experimental CARS spectra of adenosine phosphate, fructose, glucose, and sucrose. The results agree with deterministic point estimates for the underlying Raman and CARS spectral signatures.
Non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease – a cross sectional analysis of 3414 patients enrolled in the German Network on Parkinson's disease (KNP e.V.)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It is increasingly recognised that non-motor symptoms contribute considerably to the burden of illness in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients but little information is available on the frequency of autonomic symptoms in PD. The German Competence Network on Parkinson's disease (KNP e.V.) is a nation-wide network, founded to promote information and research on PD and related disorders in Germany. A central internet-accessible database is used to collect and store the pseudonymised clinical data. The registry data collected up to 28.03.2006 were used for the present analysis; at that time over 5000 patients and relatives had been enrolled. The data capture template (minimal data set) records a detailed medical history (www.kompetenznetz-parkinson.de). For analysis of autonomic symptoms in PD patients we used search algorithms to identify patients with probable PD according to Gelb and co-workers: ({sustained response to levodopa AND no red flags} AND {three out of: resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, asymmetric onset}). For further analysis, missing data were treated as missing; the given percentages are thus always related to the number of complete data sets; data are presented as mean±SD.
Beet Leafhopper, Eutettix Tenellus (Baker) Does Not Occur in the Argentine Repubilic

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Beet Leafhopper, Eutettix Tenellus (Baker) Does Not Occur in the Argentine Repubilic Get access Henry H. P. Severin, Ph. D, Henry H. P. Severin, Ph. D 1California Agricultural Experiment Station U. S. D. A. Bureau of Entomology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Charles F. Henderson, B. S Charles F. Henderson, B. S 2California Agricultural Experiment Station U. S. D. A. Bureau of Entomology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 21, Issue 4, 1 August 1928, Pages 542–544, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/21.4.542 Published: 01 August 1928
“Reverse Picket Fence” Technique for Clipping of a Large, Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The “picket fence” technique is a clipping technique used for large, wide-neck complex aneurysms not suitable for conventional clipping. 1 With this technique, simple or fenestrated straight clips are stacked side-by-side perpendicular to the neck rather than the conventional parallel placement. In complex aneurysms projecting away from the surgeon, the picket fence technique is impossible. Instead, fenestrated clips are applied in a reverse direction from neck-to-dome, using the blade heels to close the neck. This fenestration tube transmits the bifurcation. This video demonstrates a “reverse picket fence” clipping technique of an incidental, large anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysm in a 52-yr-old woman. Bilaterally adherent A2-anterior cerebral artery (ACA) segments led to abortion of a prior clipping attempt at an outside hospital. After obtaining patient consent, a modified orbitozygomatic craniotomy was performed with gyrus rectus removal. Temporary clips were applied to A1-ACA for freeing the adherent A2-ACA segments from the dome. The aneurysm was clipped using a “reverse picket fence” technique transmitting the A1-A2-A2 bifurcation through the fenestration tube. Bilateral recurrent artery of Heubner was preserved. Indocyanine angiography demonstrated parent vessel patency with complete aneurysm exclusion. Postoperatively, the patient experienced short-term memory loss, which resolved over 6 mo with cognitive rehabilitation. The “reverse picket fence” technique can be considered for large aneurysms directed away from the surgeon, obviating the need for difficult dissection of adherent efferent arteries from aneurysmal sac. Adjusting the heel position of each fenestrated clip in this construct allows the patency of hidden perforators behind the aneurysm to be maintained. Video © Barrow Neurological Institute. Used with permission.
The College: The Mysterious Black Box and how to Make use of It

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Objective: As Registrars become Fellows, there is the opportunity to question the role of the College in the community, and the role of Fellows within the College. The process of entry into the College can lead to a misunderstanding of the role of the College and the value of the achievements of new Fellows. Exploring the complex nature of the relationship between Fellows, the College and the community can lead to new opportunities for the College to demonstrate professional leadership across the mental health sector in Australia and New Zealand. Conclusion: All Fellows, and particularly new Fellows, are encouraged to mark their achievement in becoming Fellows by helping to shape the future direction of the College.
New species of Vaejovis from the Santa Rita Mountains, southern Arizona (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A new scorpion species, Vaejovis grahami sp. nov. is described. This small, dark brown species is found in the Santa Rita Mountains, Santa Cruz County, Arizona, USA. It is most similar to V. vorhiesi Stahnke and V. deboerae Ayrey. The pedipalp fixed finger usually has 5 inner denticles (ID) and the movable finger has 6, like in most other southern Arizona Vaejovis.
Supporting and Managing Children Who Pose a High Risk

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Whole System Approach (WSA) is the Scottish Government’s programme for addressing the needs of children involved in offending. The ethos is based on the principles of ‘Getting It Right For Every Child’, and includes evidence from the Edinburgh Study of Youth, Transitions and Crime, promotes a holistic response across all systems and agencies to children which should lead to the majority of children who offend being diverted from statutory measures, compulsory supervision, formal justice systems, and prosecution wherever possible, through early intervention and supports. The WSA also extends to children who become subject to statutory measures, and sets out clear expectations that the Children’s Hearing System (the CHS) and the Courts will seek robust community alternatives to detention. Where detention is deemed essential, wherever possible this should be in a secure care rather than prison setting.
Informal Intercultural Communication: Problematic Issues

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Globalization is an integral feature of modern social reality, which entails a high level of cultural interpenetration. It causes long-term migration of the population and becomes an important factor in intercultural changes. This is a complex process that changes socio-cultural identity and poses a challenge to the well-being of the population, sustainable regional development, and the viability of cultural heritage. This specificity of the situation gives rise to the need to update intercultural policy, with an emphasis on informal intercultural communication in civil society, which can serve as a response to the challenges of ethnic diversity. This article examines the main problems of informal intercultural communication and proposes approaches to solving them to increase sustainability in civil society in the context of sociocultural changes. The results of the study support the idea that increasing the effectiveness of informal intercultural communication can be achieved through the use of appropriate approaches to solving communication problems. Based on the results obtained, prospects for solving problems of interethnic disagreements in modern conditions of new global threats and challenges will be shown.
Search for Functions of Natural Oligoglycosides—Solanaceae and Leguminosae Origin Glycosides

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Our extensive investigation of the isoprenoidal glycosides in Solanaceae and Leguminosae folk medicines to verify their effectiveness, antiherpes and anti-HSV-1 activities, and hepatoprotective action has resulted in the elucidation of their structure-activity relationships. We present the respective optimum models here.
Energy Management Strategy Development for Fuel Cell Hybrid Loaders

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The application of fuel cell powered loaders will be an attractive option in the future. Compared with passenger cars and commercial vehicles, the operating conditions of loaders are complex and varying as the poor working environment, which pose a great challenge to the energy management problem of fuel cell hybrid loaders (FCHLs). This paper presents four energy management strategies (EMSs) based on dynamic programming, Pontryagin's minimum principle, equivalent consumption minimization strategy, and model predictive control for FCHL comprising fuel cell and supercapacitors. The basic principles of the proposed approaches are described. Hydrogen consumption, fuel cell durability, and SoC maintenance were considered in the cost functions. Simulations are performed in the MATLAB environment under representative cycles of a wheel loader. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed EMSs.