jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Consistency and prognostic value of preoperative staging and postoperative pathological staging using 18 F-FDG PET/MRI in patients with non-small cell lung cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background In recent years, PET/MRI has been used clinically as a method to diagnose non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, no study has shown the usefulness of PET/MRI for lung tumor staging or its consistency with pathological staging compared to CT. This study aimed to evaluate the concordance of staging and prognostic ability of NSCLC patients using thin-section CT and 18 F-FDG PET/MRI. Methods This retrospective study was performed on consecutive NSCLC patients who underwent both diagnostic CT and 18 F-FDG PET/MRI before surgery between November 2015 and May 2019. The cTNM staging yielded from PET/MRI was compared with CT and pathological staging, and concordance was investigated. To assess the prognostic value of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), we dichotomized the typical prognostic factors and TNM classification staging (Stage I vs. Stage II or higher). Kaplan-Meier curves derived by the log-rank test were generated, and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with DFS and OS. Results A total of 82 subjects were included; PET/MRI staging was more consistent (59 of 82) with pathological staging than with CT staging. There were a total of 21 cases of CT and 11 cases of PET/MRI that were judged as cStage I but were actually pStage II or pStage III. CT tended to judge pN0 as cN1 or cN2 compared to PET/MRI. There was a significant difference between NSCLC patients with Stage I and Stage II or higher by PET/MRI staging as well as prognosis prediction of DFS by pathological staging ( P < 0.001). In univariate analysis, PET/MRI, CT, and pathological staging (Stage I or lower vs. Stage II or higher) all showed significant differences. In multivariate analysis, pathological staging was the only independent factor for recurrence ( P = 0.009), and preoperative PET/MRI staging was a predictor of patient survival ( P = 0.013). Conclusions In NSCLC, pathologic staging was better at predicting recurrence, and preoperative PET/MRI staging was better at predicting the patients’ survival. Preoperative staging by PET/MRI was superior to CT in diagnosing hilar and mediastinal lymph node metastases, which contributed to the high concordance with pathologic staging.
High throughput screening of small molecules for enhancing adipogenesis in vitro

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Adipose tissues have been known to be the major site for energy storage and metabolic maintenance. Despite being researched for many decades, expanding and culturing primary adipocytes has remained difficult. To circumvent this problem, many labs in the field are using adipocytes differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iPS-MSCs), which can expand much more easily. However, these iPS-MSC-adipocytes are typically very immature, with only low levels of lipogenesis. In this study, we utilised small molecule high throughput screening (HTS) methods to promote the adipogenic differentiation and maturation of iPS-MSCs. We found that a small molecule combination 2+DO was able to significantly promote and enhance adipogenesis. We also optimized the iPS-MSC seeding density and glucose concentration to optimize subsequent adipogenesis. Finally, we tested our small molecule combination 2+DO on primary pre-adipocytes as well. RNA profiling by qRT- PCR showed that many adipogenic biomarkers such as LPL, SREBF1, FGF2, IRS2 and PPARG were significantly upregulated by 2+DO, as compared to normal adipogenic media. Taken together, we have demonstrated that HTS is a viable method for screening novel small molecules that enhance adipogenesis. This platform will provide a strong foundation to model fat-related metabolic diseases in vitro in future.
0044 A future for genomics in animal health through the Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex: Coordinated Agricultural Project

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Whether through animal welfare and antibiotic residual concerns from the public, or the Veterinary Feed Directive, antibiotic use in animal agriculture is increasingly scrutinized and restricted. As such, it is essential for the future of the dairy industry to consider options to reduce the prevalence of disease on farm with new technology while decreasing their dependence on antibiotics. The 5-yr Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex: Coordinated Agricultural Project (BRD:CAP) funded by the USDA and formed with the help of several universities, scientists and agriculturalists is searching to find new methods of addressing Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD). Once determining that BRD has moderate heritability at 0.21, the goal of the BRDC:CAP is to utilize new genetic technology and the bovine genome to determine genetic markers for the susceptibility and resistance of Bovine Respiratory Disease and consider the financial impact of BRD genetic selection. Despite increased knowledge regarding BRD and progress in vaccine and preventative technology, BRD continues to be a financial liability of over $692 million dollars to the industry and contributes to 46% of the deaths among weaned calves, while having long-term influences of animal performance and health for affected individuals. Understanding the science behind BRDC:CAP will provide a gateway to analyzing the practicality of such genetic research on the farm. This may provide for its inclusion as a single selection criterion or as part of an index, such as Net Merit, for a sire proof. With this genetic selection for reduction in BRD incidence rates, the average dairy producer could see reduction in financial costs from treatment, calf mortality, and the resulting implications poor heifer development will have on future lactation performance. Continued work is necessary to ascertain the reliability and usefulness of genomics with regards to infectious diseases such as BRD. Increased farm profitability may be realized with proven ability to practically apply this information to the dairy industry.
Interactions between the Astrocytic Volume-Regulated Anion Channel and Aquaporin 4 in Hyposmotic Regulation of Vasopressin Neuronal Activity in the Supraoptic Nucleus

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We assessed interactions between the astrocytic volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC) and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) in the supraoptic nucleus (SON). Acute SON slices and cultures of hypothalamic astrocytes prepared from rats received hyposmotic challenge (HOC) with/without VRAC or AQP4 blockers. In acute slices, HOC caused an early decrease with a late rebound in the neuronal firing rate of vasopressin neurons, which required activity of astrocytic AQP4 and VRAC. HOC also caused a persistent decrease in the excitatory postsynaptic current frequency, supported by VRAC and AQP4 activity in early HOC; late HOC required only VRAC activity. These events were associated with the dynamics of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) filaments, the late retraction of which was mediated by VRAC activity; this activity also mediated an HOC-evoked early increase in AQP4 expression and late subside in GFAP-AQP4 colocalization. AQP4 activity supported an early HOC-evoked increase in VRAC levels and its colocalization with GFAP. In cultured astrocytes, late HOC augmented VRAC currents, the activation of which depended on AQP4 pre-HOC/HOC activity. HOC caused an early increase in VRAC expression followed by a late rebound, requiring AQP4 and VRAC, or only AQP4 activity, respectively. Astrocytic swelling in early HOC depended on AQP4 activity, and so did the early extension of GFAP filaments. VRAC and AQP4 activity supported late regulatory volume decrease, the retraction of GFAP filaments, and subside in GFAP-VRAC colocalization. Taken together, astrocytic morphological plasticity relies on the coordinated activities of VRAC and AQP4, which are mutually regulated in the astrocytic mediation of HOC-evoked modulation of vasopressin neuronal activity.
ACTIVITY MODELLING AND UTILITY MAXIMISATION - ISSUES OF CONSISTENCY, COMPUTABILITY AND APPLICABILITY

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Activity oriented were once introduced and regarded as promising future alternatives to what was then the conventional culture of transport demand modelling methods. Over the years, the methods developed, and the research area does now constitute an active and independent tradition with an internationally widespread network of researchers involved. The interest for modelling has mostly been concentrated to a group of scientists, who share also an interest in (and conviction of) travel decision mechanisms that within classical economic theory would be regarded as non-rational. During the same time, the role of travel forecasting models generally has developed to be strongly linked to economic appraisal, cost-benefit techniques and welfare theory. In these contexts, rationality and utility maximisation are key concepts. Thus, the gap between traditionalists and activity modellers has widened. Both groups claim the need for modelling systems, and the assumptions with which the models need to be consistent seem to drift apart. This is a discussion paper, based on analyses of available literature. Thus, it will not introduce any new research results, but rather open for a discussion of the latent and explicit conflicts between the two approaches. It will be claimed that some differences between the approaches are in fact less significant than has been indicated in literature, while some other (common) problems may be larger than what has been admitted. For the covering abstract of the conference see ITRD E205613. (A)
The Amorites a political history of Mesopotamia in the early second millennium BCE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"This study of the political history of Mesopotamia - today's Iraq and Syria - in the Old Babylonian period (ca. 2000-1600 BCE) is the first comprehensive historical synthesis of this kind published in English after many decades. Based on numerous written sources in Sumerian and Akkadian - royal inscriptions, letters, law collections, economic records, etc. - and on up-to-date research, it presents the region's political history in a meticulous geographic and chronological manner. This allows the interested academic and non-academic reader an in-depth view into the scene of ancient Mesopotamia ruled by competing dynasties of West Semitic (Amorite) origin, with a complex web of political and tribal connections between them"--
Physician-Investigator/Patient-Subject: Exploring the Logic and the Tension

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Physician-Investigator/Patient-Subject: Exploring the Logic and the Tension Get access Larry R. Churchill Larry R. Churchill Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy: A Forum for Bioethics and Philosophy of Medicine, Volume 5, Issue 3, September 1980, Pages 215–224, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/5.3.215 Published: 01 September 1980
The facilitation of accommodation of conference groups at the Student Village

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The common thread that binds all ventures is the quest to be \ncommercially viable. The very brightest of ideas flounder when financial pressure causes them to deviate from their chosen path. The Student Village was one such venture. In 1989 it set out to become the premier academic residence in Australia. Due to factors, all stemming back to the condition of the economy, it was faced with static student resident numbers and increasing pressure from its parent university to become a contributing member to the revenue base. The problem facing The Student Village lies in that all its facilities are geared to meet the requirements of individuals rather than large groups travelling together. This research is directed at identifying and evaluating the facilities that are available to groups and setting up a system to handle large numbers of short term visitors. The findings are of specific value to The Student Village, but can be generalised for all halls of residence that provide accommodation to large groups.
Automatic composition techniques for video production

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Video production involves the process of capturing, editing and composing video segments for delivery to a consumer. A composition must yield a coherent presentation of an event or narrative. This process can be automated if appropriate domain-specific metadata are associated with video segments and composition techniques are established. Automation leads to the support of dynamic composition and customization for applications such as news on demand. In this paper, we present techniques to achieve dynamic, real-time and cohesive video composition and customization. We also identify metrics for evaluating our techniques with respect to existing manually produced video-based news. The results of such an evaluation show that the quality of automatic composition is comparable to-and in some cases, better than-broadcast news video composition. The results also validate the assertions on which the automatic composition techniques are based.
Framing health messages in short-form videos: a moderated mediation model with medication belief and susceptibility to informational influence

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Purpose This study explores how message framing in short-form health videos influences medication purchase intention and the underlying mechanisms. Design/methodology/approach Three experiments were conducted. Study 1 investigated the relationships between message framing, negative emotions, and medication purchase intention. Study 2 tested the moderating role of medication belief in a moderated mediation model using a 2×2 between-subjects design, and Study 3 examined that of susceptibility to informational influence using a one-factor between-subjects design. Findings Consumers showed higher over-the-counter medication purchase intention after watching loss-framed messages in treatment-oriented short-form health videos. These messages evoked negative emotions, which in turn increased medication purchase intention. Medication belief and susceptibility to informational influence moderated the mediating effect of negative emotions, such that the effect was enhanced among individuals with high medication belief or high susceptibility to informational influence. Practical implications Pharmaceutical marketers should strategically deliver loss-framed messages in short-form health videos to effectively promote over-the-counter medications. Originality/value The study extends the framing effect to treatment-oriented short-form health videos. It reveals the mediating role of negative emotions and the moderating effect of medication belief and susceptibility to informational influence within a moderated mediation framework, highlighting key emotional and individual-level factors in digital health decisions.
Expression of ABAD, estrogen receptors, bcl-2 and Bax in the mouse inner ears

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective To investigate the different expression of ABAD,estrogen receptors,bcl-2 and Bax in the mice’s inner ears.Methods The Kuming mice were divided into three group: two weeks-,five months-and one-year-old mice.Expression of ABAD,ERs,bcl-2 and Bax were examined in inner ears of different age groups of the mice by immunohistochemisrty.Results ABAD,ERs,bcl-2 and Bax expressed in the spiral ganglion cells among the different age groups of mice.The expression of ABAD and Bax in the inner ears increased with the age,while the expression of ERs and bcl-2 decreased.All of the differences have statistical significance(P 0.05).Conclusion It is possible for ABAD to take part in the ageing mechanisms of inner ears.They may have some intimate relation with presbycusis.
A gene cluster involved in aerial mycelium formation in Streptomyces griseus encodes proteins similar to the response regulators of two-component regulatory systems and membrane translocators

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mutants of Streptomyces griseus deficient in A-factor production are sporulation negative, since A-factor is an essential hormonal regulator for the induction of morphological and physiological differentiation in this bacterium. A DNA fragment which induced aerial mycelium formation and sporulation in an A-factor-deficient mutant strain, S. griseus HH1, was cloned from this mutant strain. Subcloning experiments and nucleotide sequencing showed that two open reading frames, ORF1 with 656 amino acids and ORF2 with 201 amino acids, were required in order to induce sporulation. The amino acid sequence of ORF1 significantly resembled that of the Escherichia coli HlyB protein, a member of a family of bacterial membrane proteins engaged in ATP-dependent secretion mechanisms. Conserved features of this surface translocator family, such as the transmembrane structure predicted by their hydropathy profiles and the amino acid sequence forming an ATP-binding fold, were also conserved in ORF1. The ORF1 gene appeared to constitute a transcriptional unit with an additional upstream gene encoding ORF3, which was greatly similar to ORF1 in size and amino acid sequence. The other protein, ORF2, showed significant end-to-end homology with the E. coli uhpA product, a regulatory protein for the uptake of sugar phosphates. Like UhpA as a response regulator of a bacterial two-component regulatory system, ORF2 contained a helix-turn-helix DNA-binding domain at its COOH-terminal portion and an Asp residue (Asp-54) probably to be phosphorylated at its NH2-terminal portion. An amino acid replacement from Asp-54 to Asn resulted in the loss of the ability of ORF2 to induce sporulation in strain HH1.
[Sulphonylurea derivatives or insulin with metformin?].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

If pharmacological treatment of glycaemia with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes fails, a second agent is advised, however, the optimal choice is unclear. Most guidelines suggest the addition of sulphonylurea (SU) derivatives as the first option, but sometimes insulin is preferred as there have been doubts concerning the cardiovascular safety of SUs. From a large Veterans Administration (VA) registry study, Roumie et al. extracted patients on metformin who received additional treatment with either SU (majority) or insulin, and compared the number of cardiovascular endpoints over the subsequent 7-year period. The number of endpoints was higher in the metformin+insulin group than in the metformin+SU group, with a relative risk of 1.3. The authors conclude that when compared with the addition of SU the addition of insulin to metformin is associated with an elevated risk of a cardiovascular endpoint. While the authors have performed multiple adjustments for potential differences in the two treatment groups, this is in fact a retrospective cohort study and hence selection bias cannot be excluded. Nevertheless, the results suggest that the current guidelines/practice of adding SU to metformin is at least as safe as adding insulin and should not be changed.
Additional file 2 of Analysis of the virus propagation profile of 14 dengue virus isolates in Aedes albopictus C6/36 cells

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Additional file 2: Sheet 1 Raw data of plaque assay for Fig. 1. Sheet 2 Raw data of plaque assay for Fig. 2. Sheet 3 Statistical analysis of Fig. 1 data. Sheet 4 Statistical analysis of Fig. 2 data.
Dark matter caustics and the enhancement of self-annihilation flux

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Cold dark matter haloes are populated by caustics, which are yet to be resolved in N-body simulations or observed in the Universe. Secondary infall model provides a paradigm for the study of caustics in "typical" haloes assuming that they have had no major mergers and have grown only by smooth accretion. This is a particular characteristic of the smallest dark matter haloes of about 10^{-5} Mo, which although "atypical" contain no substructures and could have survived until now with no major mergers. Thus using this model as the first guidline, we evaluate the neutralino self-annihilation flux for these haloes. Our results show that caustics could leave a distinct sawteeth signature on the differential and cumulative fluxes coming from the outer regions of these haloes. The total annihilation signal from the regions away from the centre can be boosted by about forty percents.
Cloning and Sequence Analysis of KAPP Gene in Brassica oleracea

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The gDNA and cDNA fragments of KAPP gene were amplified from genomic DNA,bud RNA and leaf RNA in Brassica oleracea by PCR and RT-PCR and other molecular biology methods.We initially obtained a fragment of KAPP gDNA with length of 3 247 bp,a fragment of KAPP cDNA with length of 1 699 bp,as well as a bud cDNA with length of 1 578 bp and a leaf cDNA with length of 1 581 bp which were called KAPP2 cDNA of bud and KAPP2 cDNA of leaf respectively.Compared gDNA with cDNA of KAPP,we found that there were 11 introns in KAPP gene,and these introns all followed typical GU-AG rule.Between KAPP cDNA which we cloned and KAPP cDNA released there are six nucleotide differences,but they encode a same amino acid sequence.Sequences analysis of the KAPP2 cDNA which we cloned from bud cDNA and leaf cDNA in Brassica oleracea showed that they share 85.2% and 85.0% identity with the reported KAPP cDNA respectively.We also found that the nonsense mutation in 590 bp of KAPP2 of bud cDNA and 593 bp of KAPP2 of leaf cDNA led to the early appearance of termination codon,who's Blast indicated that both of them shared more identity in Arabidopsis thaliana than in Brassica oleracea.Based on KAPP cDNA sequence of eight species released by NCBI and two sequences of KAPP2 cDNA cloned in this study,we constructed a phylogenetic tree of KAPP gene,which showed that the two KAPP2 sequences were in the same group with released KAPP cDNA in Brassica oleracea.Based on all the above analysis,as well as some view of the comparative mapping research,we speculated that KAPP gene may have more than one copy in the genome of Brassica oleracea,the KAPP2 sequence cloned in this study may be the other copies of KAPP gene.Moreover,they are likely to be the pseudogene which was inactivated by mutation during evolution process.It has an important significance for the deep research between KAPP and self-incompatibility.The results will provide some new insights into the research of molecular mechanism in SI and molecular evolution in Brassica oleracea.