jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
‘Very British Rebels’: Politics and Discourse within Contemporary Ulster Unionism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Ulster unionism has reacted to political events surrounding what has become known as the 'peace process',1 with hostility, with clear expressions of suspicion and with loud outcries of treachery by the British government. Events throughout the contemporary period have, for many observers, simply reinforced their understanding of unionism as an ossified and phlegmatic social movement. This chapter, however, will seek to question this and to view unionism as a social movement constantly subject to processes of redefinition and renegotiation.KeywordsSocial MovementPolitical CultureBritish GovernmentPeace ProcessIrish GovernmentThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Effect of Emblica officinalis in arsenic induced toxicity in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Present study was carried out to explore the medicinal property of Emblica officianalis in arsenic induced toxicity in Japanese quails. Gross pathological observations were not seen despite decrease in size of carcass, testes and ovary in birds which were treated with arsenic trioxide@300ppm in feed (T2 group). The sections of liver from T2 birds showed congestion and variable fatty changes whereas Emblica officinalis fed quails revealed mild hydropic changes. The birds of T2 and Emblica officinalis depicted mild degenerative changes with variable size of glomeruli in kidney as compared to arsenic fed birds. Brain section from arsenic group depicted satellitosis and degenerative changes in neurons. Villi degenerated in arsenic group and combination group revealed developing villi. Pancreas degenerated in toxic group T2. The sections of heart from arsenic group revealed mild degenerative changes in the myocardium. In testes revealed increase space between seminiferous tubules, small size seminiferous tubules with lack of spermatogenesis in arsenic fed birds. Ovary section from arsenic group revealed arrest of development of follicles. Group T2 birds showed higher density of arsenic in bone, visceral organ and plasma when compare with other treatment group birds.
Rhythmic Activity in Pelvic Efferents to the Bladder: An Experimental Study in the Cat with Reference to the Clinical Condition ‘Unstable Bladder’

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Efferent nerve activity was recorded from pelvic nerve filaments to the urinary bladder of the cat. At intravesical pressures below 5-7 cm H2O there was no activity, but at higher pressure levels the parasympathetic neurones discharged in 10- to 15-second-long rhythmic bursts separated by silent periods. The frequency of the burst varied from about 1/min at 5 cm H2O to 6-7/min at 15-20 cm H2O. Each burst of activity was followed by a small bladder contraction. The nervous activity preceded the contraction by several seconds, indicating that the bladder response was caused by the efferent discharge. Prolonged continuous efferent activity could occur immediately after pressure changes, at pressures above 20-25 cm H2O or after inhibition caused by intravaginal stimulation. In these situations, rhythmic activity resumed as inhibition of the tonic discharge. This behaviour indicates that the rhythmicity is primarily determined by a central inhibitory mechanism. The findings are discussed in relation to the normal function of the neuronal feedback systems of the bladder and their possible role in the development of the clinical condition 'unstable bladder'.
On setting boundary conditions for calculations of turbomachines in 3-d computer packages

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Unfortunately, in a growing number of publications of the results of the study of turbomachines in ANSYS and other packages, insufficient attention is paid to the choice of the flow model (absolute or relative) and the setting of boundary conditions in the areas adjacent to the rotating impeller: shroud seal, diaphragm (end) seals, gap over shroudless blades, steam balance holes, etc. As a rule, these areas contain such elements of geometry as a “ledge”, “projection”, “crest”, the flow around which, and, consequently, their resistance depends on the angle of incoming flow relative to the barrier. In the stages of turbomachines in sections behind fixed blade units, angle α1 between the flow velocity vector (in absolute motion) and the circumferential velocity is 10°÷25° (for steam turbine stages), 20°÷35° (for gas turbine stages) and 40°÷75° ((for axial compressor stages). It is shown (using the example of viscous flow around the “ledge + projection” system) that a change in the angle in the range of 15°÷90° changes the resistance by almost 2 times. The choice of a particular type of flow model (absolute or relative) for the domain primarily determines the value of the angle of interaction of the flow lines with an obstacle: it remains close to α1, or close to β1 = α1 + 20°÷70°, which significantly changes the qualitative picture of the viscous flow around the characteristic elements of geometry (“ledge”, “projection”, “crest”), and the values of integral parameters (flow rate, power, efficiency). The lack of recommendations on the correct choice of boundary conditions will inevitably lead not only to the inability to compare the results of various published studies, but also to their objective value. Therefore, the need to substantiate proposals for the choice of flow models in the areas of labyrinth seals, steam balance holes, gaps over shroudless blades, etc. is very relevant.
Skin Temperature and Chronic Venous Insufficiency

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

In Brief Objective This study compared lower leg skin temperatures in adults age 50 years and older with and without chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). Norms and ranges of skin temperature were also established. Design A descriptive comparative design was used. Setting and subjects Sixty-six adults recruited from hospital clinics and senior community dwellings participated in the study, which was conducted in an examination room of an outpatient clinic. To be included in the study, those with CVI showed stage 4 and 5 clinical signs. Those without CVI had no clinical signs. Instruments Skin temperature was measured with an infrared dermal thermometer. Methods Subjects were seated with legs extended, free of clothing and socks, and loosely covered with a draped sheet for 10 minutes to acclimatize to room temperature. The skin temperature of 4 sites on the lower legs was measured. Analysis of variance and independent t tests were used to compare groups. Results There was a significant increase in skin temperature at all 4 sites in the ankle area in the group with CVI compared with the comparison group (89.9°F ± 2.7°F versus 88.1°F ± 2.1°F, P = .004). Conclusions Elevated skin temperature may be an important nursing assessment parameter to evaluate worsening or impending CVI complications such as venous ulcers. This article reports results of a study comparing lower leg skin temperatures in adults age 50 years and over with and without chronic venous insufficiency.
Enhancing the Efficiency and Sustainability of Producing Curcumin‐Infused Plant‐Based Milk Alternatives With a Two‐in‐One Post pH‐Driven Processing Strategy

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Increasing food sustainability and health benefits is essential to meet the demands of a growing global population while minimizing environmental impact. This study used a green two‐in‐one post pH‐driven processing strategy to develop a sustainable and healthy plant‐based milk alternative. It achieved both extraction and encapsulation in one step by directly incorporating the health‐promoting curcumin from turmeric into soymilk. A high processing efficiency was observed, 94.2% ± 1.6%, with a high extraction efficiency of 96.4% ± 0.5%. Using raw turmeric instead of a purified curcumin significantly enhanced the sustainability in the use of raw materials, for example, reducing the CO 2 ‐eq emissions by 22 times and energy use by 10 times, even with a very small percentage of curcumin (∼0.03 wt%) in the formulation. This strategy underscores the importance of using raw materials and minimizing processing steps to develop more sustainable foods. Additionally, the incorporation of curcumin was found to impart a yellow color to soymilk. No significant changes were observed in other physicochemical properties like particle size, zeta potential, and melting behavior, as most curcumin molecules were encapsulated within the lipid phase of soymilk. The curcumin‐infused soymilk powders also maintained excellent storage stability for 1 month under freezing temperature.
Addressing Healthcare Disparities through Community-Based Hospital Management Initiatives

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Addressing healthcare disparities among underserved communities has become a pressing concern for healthcare providers and policymakers alike. This study aims to investigate the role of community-based hospital management initiatives in mitigating healthcare disparities and improving access to quality care. Utilizing a qualitative research approach, the study employs a multiple case study methodology to explore successful community-based hospital management initiatives implemented in various regions. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with hospital administrators, healthcare professionals, and community stakeholders, as well as document analysis of hospital policies and reports. The findings reveal that community-based hospital management initiatives, such as community health worker programs, culturally tailored healthcare services, and collaborative partnerships with local organizations, can effectively address healthcare disparities by enhancing healthcare accessibility, cultural competence, and community engagement. However, the study also highlights challenges faced by hospitals, including limited resources, language barriers, and social determinants of health that require a multifaceted approach. The research concludes that community-based hospital management initiatives have the potential to bridge the gap in healthcare disparities, but their success relies on strong leadership, sustainable funding, and a genuine commitment to community empowerment and collaborative efforts with various stakeholders.
Patterns of Housing Voucher Use Revisited: Segregation and Section 8 Using Updated Data and More Precise Comparison Groups, 2013

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

What role does the Housing Choice Voucher program play in the economic and racial segregation of its beneficiaries? Expanding upon Metzger’s (2014) analysis of the 50 most populous U.S. metropolitan areas with contemporaneous data, this paper substantiates the finding that voucher households are more segregated by income and race at the tract level than households that earn less than $15,000 annually. However, the evidence is mixed when the nonvoucher comparison group is more precisely defined using the specific income limits of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development voucher program and a minority household designation. Voucher households are still concentrated in communities with a higher minority population than extremely low-income renters, but there is less difference in terms of economic segregation. Compared to extremely low-income households facing a housing cost burden, voucher holders are less economically segregated, but the indices for racial segregation are mixed. Limiting the comparison to racial and ethnic minority households, we find that minority voucher households are less segregated by economic concentration than minority extremely low-income households but are more segregated by racial dissimilarity. This paper also explores the role of “source of income” nondiscrimination legislation, which is intended to overcome landlord bias against voucher holders. Contrary to previous research, this model produced weaker evidence that voucher holders are more economically or racially integrated in metropolitan areas including source of income protections. Together, these results suggest that vouchers are more successful in helping recipients reach higher-income neighborhoods than those that are more racially and ethnically diverse.
The Sound of an Android’s Soul: Music, MIDI and Muzak in Time Of Eve

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Brophy analyses the manifold mirages of musical instrumentation in the Japanese anime film Time Of Eve—a story about the seamless integration of androids into a near-future human society. Distinguishing between the film score's use of (a) real piano performances, (b) MIDI-constructed pieces utilizing digital synthesis, and (c) Muzak stylization and representation, he maps out the sono-musical terrain of the film's soundtrack. The film's mannered apparitions of music are discussed not solely in terms of signification, but in line with the film's consistent application of virtual instrumentation, anacoustic sound, and computer-generated assemblage. These procedures are argued as collectively exemplifying a uniquely Japanese perspective on the peculiar and distinctive traits and effects of 'fake', 'artificial' and even 'soulless' music—in turn, suggesting post-human possibilities for broadening notions of film music language and its operations on the film soundtrack. Automated dialogue replacement (ADR) is a standard post-production technique for adding spoken sound in contemporary film and television. This chapter discusses ADR's role in the production of a coherent match of voice, sound and vision that is crucial to the mainstream Hollywood style, in particular in technoscientific genres, where much of the action takes place on screens inside the narrative. The sounds made by computer screens and computer operators, as well as the sounds attributed to babies, are examined in particular. The concept of enunciation is used to explain the interplay of redundancy, information, communicative acts and repetition in the production of meaning in several film and television genres, especially in productions released in the digital era.
Towards Merging Pervasive Computing into Grid - Lightweight Portal, Dynamic Collaborating and Semantic Supporting

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The emerging grid infrastructure is one of the key perspectives of pervasive computing. However, it is difficult to implement all the grid semantics on pervasive devices due to the inherent limitations of most pervasive devices. It is not yet clear that how to organize large quantities of heterogeneous pervasive devices collaborating with each other to solve user-centered tasks. And exploiting grid infrastructure to accomplish resource-intensive tasks is still a challenge for resource-weak pervasive devices. In this paper, we put forward the concept of user's task oriented nomadic autonomy domain (UTONAD) which models the pervasive devices collaborating patterns when they are included in a global resource-sharing platform. Based on UTONAD, we propose the architecture of our implementation that provides a uniform method to manage QoS guaranteed interactions between pervasive devices and grid in a dynamic (both temporal and spatial) and user-transparent fashion
sj-docx-1-irp-10.1177_26334895221120796 - Supplemental material for Stakeholder perspectives on digital behavioral health applications targeting adolescent depression and suicidality: Policymaker, provider, and community insights

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-irp-10.1177_26334895221120796 for Stakeholder perspectives on digital behavioral health applications targeting adolescent depression and suicidality: Policymaker, provider, and community insights by Ana Radovic, Afton Kirk-Johnson, Morgan Coren, Brandie George-Milford and David Kolko in Implementation Research and Practice
The Globalization of Knowledge-Based Services: Engineering Consulting in Spain, 1953–1975

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This article explores the globalization of knowledge-based services and their impact on host-country firms’ organizational capabilities. Two drivers of such globalization—foreign aid and foreign direct investment coming from the United States—contributed to the development of engineering consulting in Spain in the beginning of the new global economy. The largest Spanish engineering firms have been able to integrate imported knowledge into their own organizational capabilities, enabling them to compete successfully in international markets. This imported knowledge was disseminated in two ways: through private companies, via affiliates and strategic alliances between locals and foreigners; and through the technical and military aid the U.S. government provided during the Cold War.
Reducing Polypharmacy Through the Introduction of a Treatment Algorithm: Use of a Treatment Algorithm on the Impact on Polypharmacy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Polypharmacy is very common in the psychiatric setting despite the lack of evidence to justify its use. The objective of this study was to review the prescription patterns in a tertiary mental health institute in Asia and evaluate the impact of a treatment algorithm for patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) on the use of polypharmacy. Materials and Methods: A treatment algorithm was implemented for patients accepted into an Early Psychosis Intervention Programme (EPIP) and the prescription patterns of these patients were compared with a comparator group (pre-EPIP) before the use of the algorithm. The prescribing pattern was established at 2 points: at baseline after the diagnosis was made, and 3 months later. Results: There were 68 subjects in the comparator group and 483 EPIP patients; the latter were on the average younger. None in the comparator group was diagnosed to have an affective psychosis. There was a significant reduction in the rate of antipsychotic polypharmacy, prolonged use of benzodiazepines and anticholinergic medication in EPIP patients. This group also had an increase in the use of second-generation antipsychotics and received lower doses of antipsychotics. Conclusion: The implementation of a treatment algorithm coupled with audit has changed the trend towards polypharmacy among patients with FEP. Key words: Antipsychotics, Drug use review, Psychosis
THEORETICAL BASIS OF FORMING PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES OF FUTURE FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHERS USING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article is devoted to the willingness and ability to solve problems, navigate the limitless flow of information, find the right answers from the alternatives offered by life, develop the human resources inherent in nature in working on the individuality of each individual, show true interest in what you love, be interested in the latest methodological advances in science, that will lay everything foundation of the education of the future.
SSR-Based Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Structure of Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) from 19 Countries in Europe

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is a temperate fruit species whose production might be highly impacted by climate change in the near future. Diversity of plant material could be an option to mitigate these climate risks by enabling producers to have new cultivars well adapted to new environmental conditions. In this study, subsets of sweet cherry collections of 19 European countries were genotyped using 14 SSR. The objectives of this study were (i) to assess genetic diversity parameters, (ii) to estimate the levels of population structure, and (iii) to identify germplasm redundancies. A total of 314 accessions, including landraces, early selections, and modern cultivars, were monitored, and 220 unique SSR genotypes were identified. All 14 loci were confirmed to be polymorphic, and a total of 137 alleles were detected with a mean of 9.8 alleles per locus. The average number of alleles (N = 9.8), PIC value (0.658), observed heterozygosity (Ho = 0.71), and expected heterozygosity (He = 0.70) were higher in this study compared to values reported so far. Four ancestral populations were detected using STRUCTURE software and confirmed by Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA), and two of them (K1 and K4) could be attributed to the geographical origin of the accessions. A N-J tree grouped the 220 sweet cherry accessions within three main clusters and six subgroups. Accessions belonging to the four STRUCTURE populations roughly clustered together. Clustering confirmed known genealogical data for several accessions. The large genetic diversity of the collection was demonstrated, in particular within the landrace pool, justifying the efforts made over decades for their conservation. New sources of diversity will allow producers to face challenges, such as climate change and the need to develop more sustainable production systems.
sucker encodes a zebrafish Endothelin-1 required for ventral pharyngeal arch development

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Mutation of sucker (suc) disrupts development of the lower jaw and other ventral cartilages in pharyngeal segments of the zebrafish head. Our sequencing, cosegregation and rescue results indicate that suc encodes an Endothelin-1 (Et-1). Like mouse and chick Et-1, suc/et-1 is expressed in a central core of arch paraxial mesoderm and in arch epithelia, both surface ectoderm and pharyngeal endoderm, but not in skeletogenic neural crest. Long before chondrogenesis, suc/et-1 mutant embryos have severe defects in ventral arch neural crest expression of dHAND, dlx2, msxE, gsc, dlx3 and EphA3 in the anterior arches. Dorsal expression patterns are unaffected. Later in development, suc/et-1 mutant embryos display defects in mesodermal and endodermal tissues of the pharynx. Ventral premyogenic condensations fail to express myoD, which correlates with a ventral muscle defect. Further, expression of shh in endoderm of the first pharyngeal pouch fails to extend as far laterally as in wild types. We use mosaic analyses to show that suc/et-1 functions nonautonomously in neural crest cells, and is thus required in the environment of postmigratory neural crest cells to specify ventral arch fates. Our mosaic analyses further show that suc/et-1 nonautonomously functions in mesendoderm for ventral arch muscle formation. Collectively our results support a model for dorsoventral patterning of the gnathostome pharyngeal arches in which Et-1 in the environment of the postmigratory cranial neural crest specifies the lower jaw and other ventral arch fates.