jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
That belongs in a museum: Archaeology and audiences

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Archaeology is a field that inspires interest and curiosity among people outside of the profession. Movies, television, newspapers, video games - numerous popular culture areas have featured archaeology or archaeologists at one time or another. However, archaeologists have fallen under criticism for not providing effective and captivating public communication. The goal of this project was to examine how to present archaeology to non-archaeologists in a way that takes advantage of the excitement generated by popular media, but also gives people an appreciation for what archaeologists actually do. Specifically this research used the method of a museum exhibit to present information on the Johannes Kolb Site, an archaeological excavation in Mechanicsville, South Carolina. Site or region-based exhibits that address not only the archaeological data, but also the needs and interest of the community are an excellent way for an archaeologist to create a multi-media method of communicating their research and message to a wide range of people.
Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Metabolic Syndrome-A Community Based Study in Sohag University Hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a complicated disorder associated with a high risk of development of critical micro-and macrovascular complications.The extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can include multiple metabolic consequences.However, the extent and severity of MS in HCV-infected patients have rarely been investigated in community based settings.Objectives: To determine the difference in the prevalence and distribution of metabolic syndrome between HCVinfected patients and healthy controls, to identify whether HCV is considered a risk factor for metabolic syndrome in our community or not.Methods: From January 2013 to December 2014, the authors retrospectively and prospectively studied 134 adult patients diagnosed to have HCV infection with age above 18, in Sohag area, Upper Egypt.Clinical profiles in terms of anthropometric data, MS components, and viral hepatitis markers, as well as Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC), were assessed.Results: Three hundred and thirty-three adults (males: females=178: 155; mean age, 45.3 ± 11.2 years) were recruited.The prevalence of anti-HCV seropositivity was 40.2% (134/333).The prevalence of MS was higher in the HCV-infected individuals (26.9%, 36/134) than in the control, uninfected subjects (14.1%, 28/199, p=0.004).In terms of MS components, MS HCV-infected subjects had a higher waist circumference (88.7 ± 7.3 vs. 85.4 ± 4, p<0.001) and higher levels of fasting plasma glucose (111.9 ± 26.6 vs. 102.5 ± 20.4, p<0.001) than controls.Through the study the FINDRISC risk was increased in HCV-infected subjects, the very high risk score was (4.5% vs. 0.0%, p<0.001) than controls.Multivariate logistic regression analysis proved that anti-HCV positivity was significantly associated with MS (odds ratio, 2.2; p=0.004). Conclusion:HCV infection was associated with a higher prevalence of MS in our community.Determination of MS in patients with HCV infection could therefore be needed.
The occurrence of the Golgi apparatus in mouse oocytes. Demonstration of thiamine pyrophosphatase activity.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Location of thiamine pyrophosphatase activity as a marker of the Golgi apparatus was studied ultracytochemically in mouse oocytes with germinal vesicle (OGV), oocytes at metaphase I (OMI) and oocytes at metaphase II (OMII), and further in cells of the respective cumulus oophorus serving as comparative objects. TPPase activity in cumulus oophorus cells and in OGV was found exclusively in the Golgi apparatus. In OMI the reaction product of TPPase activity was observed in isolated smooth vesicles, and in only one case in structures identifiable as the Golgi apparatus. In OMII the occurrence of TPPase activity was also recorded in isolated smooth vesicles in cortical cytoplasm and further, exceptionally, in smooth concentrically arranged vesicles or tubules. The TPPase activity was not present in vesicular complexes. The results have shown that after the resumption of meiosis the occurrence of the reaction product of TPPase activity drops abruptly due to the reduction of the Golgi apparatus. Changes affecting the Golgi apparatus after the resumption of meiosis are related to the loss of the nucleus after the germinal vesicle breakdown.
Factor VIII inhibitors: A clinical overview

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract There is much evidence to indicate that inhibitors to Factor VIII in patients with classical hemophilia are the result of an immunological response to exposure to material (VIII:C or VIII:CAg) that is absent or present in reduced amounts in these patients. The inhibitor is an antibody that is usually restricted in immunochemical composition and in many instances contains predominantly or exclusively γG3 or γG4 heavy chains. Exposure to Factor VIII in many inhibitor patients leads to typical anamnestic responses with marked increases in the level of the inhibitor. The tendency to develop inhibitors and the clinical characteristics of the inhibitor may be affected by genetic factors, basal levels of Factor VIII:C and/or VIII:CAg, and the nature and amount of the “immunizing” material. Currently accepted therapeutic modalities are aimed primarily at the management of acute bleeding episodes.
Aerial Dance, Circus, and Artistic Production — with Gabrielle Martin

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Dancer, aerialist, choreographer and producer Gabrielle Martin joins host Am Johal on this episode of Below the Radar. Gabrielle tells us how her passion for dance has taken her from spinning fire in an East Van park, to touring the world with Cavalia and Cirque du Soleil, to choreographing and producing her own works.\nIn the episode, they talk about Gabrielle’s youth as an unschooler/alternative schooler, and how she developed a love for performance and dance through stilt walking, fire dancing, hula hooping and more. Gabrielle also shares her thoughts on the impact of the pandemic on the performing arts, her work as festival manager with the Vancouver International Dance Festival, and the making of Limb(e)s, a feature-length show she developed with her partner, Jeremiah Hughes.
Studies in tumor autoimmunity.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A rise in a serologically reactive serum protein fraction was observed following irradiation or intramuscular injection of whole tumor antigen in adjuvant in twelve of fourteen patients with a wide variety of malignant diseases.

Evidence is presented to support the concept that this serologically reactive plasma protein is an antitumor antibody.

Concentrated plasma, Cohn fraction I, II, and III, prepared from immunized patients, was found to be cytotoxic when injected into autologous subcutaneous cancer lesions.
Transfer of Supervision for Improved Address Standardization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Address Cleansing is very challenging, particularly for geographies with variability in writing addresses. Supervised learners can be easily trained for different data sources. However, training requires labeling large corpora for each data source which is time consuming and labor intensive to create. We propose a method to automatically transfer supervision from a given labeled source to a target unlabeled source using a hierarchical dirichlet process. Each dirichlet process models data from one source. The shared component distribution across these dirichlet processes captures the semantic relation between data sources. A feature projection on the component distributions from multiple sources is used to transfer supervision.
EPA Releases Final Rule on Hazardous Pharmaceutical Waste

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Ten years in the making, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has issued a final rule on how to manage hazardous pharmaceutical waste. The longterm care pharmacy industry has worked with the EPA in this process and has hosted pharmacy tours and discussions with the agency over the decade to help it better understand how drug waste is currently managed and how the EPA's various concerns could be met with as little disruption to pharmacies as possible.
A Review of Current Evidence with Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Patients with Diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Devices that measure glucose on a near-continuous basis may provide a better insight into glycemic profiles, allowing patients with diabetes to make therapeutic adjustments to improve metabolic control, thereby reducing the risk of diabetic complications. Motivated and technologically adept patients with brittle diabetes, hypoglycemia unawareness, diabetic pregnancy, or who use pumps might benefit. Current evidence of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) on health outcome in patients with diabetes is critically reviewed. No data are available on chronic complications or mortality. Therefore, surrogate endpoints need to be investigated, particularly HbA1c, number of hypo- and hyperglycemic episodes, time within normal, high, or low glucose concentrations, glycemic variability, and quality of life. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using CGM in a retrospective way did not show metabolic improvement. In contrast, most RCTs applying real-time CGM showed a decrease in HbA1c, reduced glycemic variability, and a diminished number and length of hypo- and hyperglycemic events. Using accurate, real-time CGM devices improves quality of life by reducing the fear of unexpected hypoglycemic events. These beneficial effects were observed despite the fact that in most studies no clear treatment algorithm based on CGM results was provided to the patients. However, most trials were too short in duration, with a variable use of CGM, and were performed in small study samples. In conclusion, real-time CGM systems can improve metabolic control, reduce hypoglycemic episodes, and improve quality of life. Whether this holds true for longer time periods and in the majority of patients remains to be proven. In the long term, CGM might help to reduce chronic diabetes complications and perhaps also mortality, thereby reducing health care costs.
Approaches to modelling saline intrusion for assessment of small island water resources

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The current approaches to modelling the groundwater resources of small islands are briefly reviewed and the importance of representing the variation in salinity through a transition zone between the freshwater lens and sea water is emphasized. Older approaches based on a sharp interface approximation are inappropriate. The current modelling approach is based on the advection–dispersion equation. However, key parameters in this equation are scale, density and problem specific, making the approach difficult to use predictively. The density dependence is illustrated by simple analytical results and experiments, and future consideration of this dependence is advocated. Alternative modelling approaches are identified, and investigation of their usefulness is recommended.
Canister Purge Flow Influence on EGO-Sensor Signal and Exhaust Gas Emissions (PURGEOPT)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In closed evaporation control systems, the purging air flow through the active carbon canister is mixed with the intake air flow. In order to avoid degradation of the <i>λ</i> control and the pollution emission levels, the purged hydrocarbons must be evenly distributed among the cylinders and mixed as thoroughly as possible with the intake air.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Based on the purge charactisctics of standard carbon canisters and on the HC levels in a fully charged carbon canister, and using a 4-cylinder sixteen-valve engine, the operating frequency of the canister purge valve and the inlet point of the purge flow into the intake manifold were varied, using n-butane as the hydrocarbon.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The measurements taken for HC emissions and the voltages of the lambda probes in the exhaust manifold showed that the inlet point, the valve operating frequency and the microdosing behavior of the valve significantly affect mixture and engine's HC emissions.</div>
Lunar Brightness Temperature Model Based on the Microwave Radiometer Data of Chang’e-2

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The brightness temperature (TB) data of the Moon acquired by the microwave radiometer (MRM) on-board the Chinese Chang'e-2 (CE-2) lunar probe are valuable and comprehensive data, which can be helpful in studying the physical properties of the lunar regolith, such as thickness, physical temperature, and dielectric constant. To construct the accurate and high-resolution lunar TB model with the TB data obtained by the MRM on-board CE-2, 2401 tracks of the original TB data are quantized by using the hour angle processing, and the hierarchical MK splines function (HMKSF) method is presented, which uses a hierarchy of coarse-to-fine control lattices to generate a sequence of TB model functions. The TB model constructor is the sum of the TB model functions derived at each level of the hierarchy. In addition, the lunar TB models with a resolution of 0.5°×0.5° in all four frequency channels are constructed for both the daytime and the nighttime. The obtained models show rich information, e.g., the global distribution of TB over the lunar surface, the effect of frequency on the TB model.
Pancreatic Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the long-term survival, mortality, morbidity and the operation-related events in patients with periampullary and pancreatic carcinoma undergoing pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduo-denectomy (PPPD) and pylorus-resecting pancreaticoduodenectomy (PRPD). Method: A systematic search of literature databases (Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science) was performed to identify studies. Outcome measures comparing PPPD versus PRPD for periampullary and pancreatic carcinoma were long-term survival, mortality, morbidity (overall morbidity, delayed gastric emptying [DGE], pancreatic fistula, wound infection, postoperative bleeding, biliary leakage, ascites and gastroenterostomy leakage) and operation related events (hospital stays, operating time, intraoperative blood loss and red blood cell transfusions). Results: Eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including 622 patients were identified and included in the analysis. Among these patients, it revealed no difference in long-term survival between the PPPD and PRPD groups (HR = 0.23,
Facts, faith and Facebook: science communication during the 2020–21 La Soufrière, St Vincent volcanic eruption

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Social media has become an effective bidirectional communication tool used by risk management agencies during crises. Its interactive format can provide near real-time insight into public attitudes toward hazard and risk. While there is a growing body of research on risk communication and risk perception in developing countries, there is limited understanding of real-time public response to low-frequency, high-impact phenomenon like volcanic eruptions. Facebook, the social media platform, was one of the primary mass communication tools used by The University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre during the 2020–21 eruption of La Soufrière volcano in St Vincent. This study analyses public response to hazard and risk information shared via Facebook. A thematic analysis of user comments and iconographic reactions during the eruption revealed a complex social response to the event and information on the event shared by scientists. Direct access to scientific information was widely appreciated, as was the scientific team, with whom the public developed a familiar relationship. The interplay of faith and science remains a key feature of risk perception in Caribbean society. Findings also highlight the utility of combining old and new broadcast technologies to engage diverse audiences.
Social Farming: A Systematic Literature Review of the Definition and Context

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The definition and understanding of the social farming (social agriculture) concept varies from country to country, depending on the specific conditions for its development. The contribution provides a systematic literature review of its definition and context. Scientific publications (134), which deal with the topic of social agriculture in different contexts within different geographical areas, and with different intensity over time, have been analysed. Special attention was paid to case studies. Most of the case studies dealt with Italy, The Netherlands, The United Kingdom and Norway. More than a third of the outputs address the issue of health effects of social farming. Social benefits are the second most frequent topic. Moreover, educational, environmental and economic effects of social agriculture are discussed in the analysed publications with a similar intensity. Green care (social agriculture) farms are significant players in rural development, and work and social inclusion, and can instantly and innovatively react to the local needs.
Guidelines of D. Trump’s Policy in the Euro-Atlantic Area

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article aims at analyzing the impact of the 2024 US presidential election on transatlantic relations. The Trump effect is supposed to be multi-faceted towards Europe, although his policy line and priorities have not yet been completely shaped. His first presidential term could be reasonably taken as a starting point for calculating possible implications of his landslide election victory for US-European relations, given the fact that he still doubts the value of NATO and fiercely criticizes the EU. There is little doubt that Washington will try to put the main burden for defense in Europe onto the allies and simultaneously draw them into the US policy of containing China. Deep divergences between the US and the EU in addressing some crucial international issues, as well as clash of their interests in trade and technology competition set ground for tension in bilateral relations. Assessing the prospects of transatlantic relations during D. Trump’s second presidential tenure requires consideration of the conflict between the anti-globalist part of the American political class and the neoliberal elites of Europe. However, the US and the EU have a wide array of common interests that lay ground for bilateral cooperation. This is first and foremost preserving the foundations of the world order that has been designed to maintain the West’s hegemony and counteracting the formation of alternative patterns of global governance. How deep the transatlantic controversies may become during D. Trump's second presidential tenure depends on various circumstances. However, it is already clear that with Trumpism becoming a powerful trend in American political life, the possibility of mutual alienation between the US and Europe has ceased to be a hypothetical scenario.
BUSINESS DIGITALIZATION AS A FACTOR OF GOVERNANCE MODERNIZATION

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The study takes a new paradigm of state business regulation, based on the synchronization of interests of business, state and society, on the defining the principles of Government participation in the global economic processes. As a tool for business consolidation, improving the efficiency of state regulation, the formation of e-government was considered. The paper characterizes the e-government as a new form of state regulation of economy. The factors of effective e-government implementation strategy were analyzed. The experience of digitalization of governmental functions of modern states, the rates of asynchrony of development of electronic government in the world, relating with the economic efficiency of modern states, were considered.
SPECTROFLUORIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF MACROLIDE ANTIBIOTICS USING EOSIN-G DYE

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A fully validated and simple spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the determination of azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin ethylsuccinate, erythromycin stearate and roxithromycin in bulk powders and their dosage forms. The proposed method was based on ion pair formation of either one of the cited drugs with eosin-G dye in presence of Mcllvaine buffer and the resultant complex was extracted by chloroform. All variables affecting the intensity of the developed fluorescence products were studied and optimized. Straight line correlation was found over concentration ranges of 0.04–0.2, 0.4–6.4, 4.0–16, 1.612, 0.4–4.0 µg ml-1 for azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin ethylsuccinate, erythromycin stearate and roxithromycin respectively, with good correlation coefficients (0.9973 – 0.9994). The limits of detection and quantitation for this method ranged from 0.01 to 1.74 µg ml-1 and from 0.04 to 5.79 µg ml-1 respectively. The relative standard deviations were 1.54–2.15%. The proposed method was applied successfully for the determination of the cited drugs in different pharmaceutical dosage forms as tablets, capsules, granules as well as suspension without interference from common encountered additives with overall percentage recoveries ranged from 94.74 ± 1.17 to 100.20 ± 1.57. In addition no interference was observed due to other active ingredients as trimethoprim and sulfisoxazole acetyl. The results were compared favorably with those of reported method.
Could a Phosphotransferase System Provide the Means to Control Outbreaks of Enterococcus faecium Infection?

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The epidemiology of enterococcal infections has changed dramatically over the past 100 years [1]. Until relatively recently, the vast majority were caused by Enterococcus faecalis and were acquired in the community; then, during the 1970s– 1980s, the percentage of nosocomial infections due to E. faecalis tripled [2,3],an increase temporally associated with increasing use of third-generation cephalosporins. In the United States, an increase in the proportion of nosocomial infections caused by Enterococcus faecium was observed in the 1980s [4, 5], and by 2006–2007, a Centers for Disease Control survey of healthcare-associated infections found that approximately 38% of clinical enterococcal isolates identified to the species level were E. faecium [6]. This increase was blamed on the acquisition of vancomycin resistance by E. faecium (which seldom occurred in E. faecalis) and the increasing use of vancomycin in hospitalized patients. However, the epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium (VREfm) presented a quandary: at the time, VREfm was alreadyacommon cause of US healthcare-associated infections, such organisms were not found in the community [7].Yet, concurrently, VREfm was rare as a cause of infection in the European Union but were commonly found in feces of food animals in Europe, in products derived from these animals, in feces of individuals handling them, and even in feces of