jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Molecular Characterization of Carbapenemases and Quinolone Resistance Determining Region Enzymes-Producing Isolates in an Outbreak at the University Hospital of Leipzig

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Beta lactam resistance producing isolates of Enterobacteriacea and non-Enterobacteriacea have emerged since more than seventy years ago (Abraham and Chain, 1940). They are known to cause both community and hospital-acquired infections. Resistance against carbapenem is primarily mediated by the production of enzymes that destroy the beta lactam antimicrobials, which are produced by these isolates involving the expression of serine and metalobetalactamase genes KPC, IMP, VIM, NDM-1 and OXA-48. Quinolone resistance is predominanty mediated by mutations in the qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, and aac-6-Ib genes.\nCarbapenemase-producing organisms especially Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPCs) emerged as important pathogens especially among critically ill patients causing significant morbidity and mortality. This study aims to determine the prevalence and types of\n15\nquinolone resistance and carbapenemases genes among different isolates from patients admitted to the University Hospital of Leipzig over a period of ten months.\nDuring the period from January 2011 through October 2011, a total of 50 carbapenemases isolates were recovered from patients of the University Hospital of Leipzig/ Germany. The isolates were identified by biochemical tests and their susceptibility to antimicrobials was determined by the microbroth dilution method according to ISO standard. The KPC, IMP, VIM, OXA-48, NDM-1, and aac-6-Ib genes as well as qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS genes were detected by multiplex PCR, respectively.\nResults showed that KPC gene was detected in 82% of the isolates while 8% were KPC negative. The qnrA, qnrS, IMP, NDM-1, and OXA-48 genes were not detected in any of the isolates while qnrB and VIM genes were found in 2%. On the other hand, aac-6-Ib gene was the most prevalent gene among the study isolates and composed a percentage of 96%. Results also showed that KPC, and aac-6-Ib genes were detected in isolates collected from urine, blood, wounds, swabs, sputum, tracheal secretions, biopsies, and anal smears, while VIM gene was detected in one isolate collected from blood. The qnrB gene was found in one isolate collected from urine specimen.\nThe wide spread of carbapenem and quinolone resistance-producing organisms is a critical problem that complicates the treatment of infections resulting from these organisms. Necessary measures must, therefore, be taken to limit their spread, which include appropriate antibiotic treatment, control of hospital infections, observe of personal hygiene, and the use of appropriate methods of sterilization and disinfection to prevent the dissemination of these organisms.\nKeywords: Resistance, carbapenemases, QRDR, multiplex PCR, antimicrobials
The nonlinear scanning signal design method based on spectral features of the actual data

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Sweep signal is an important factor that influences seismic acquisition effect of the vibrator, and different scanning signal have different collection effect. Although linear sweep signal is commonly used currently, however, the attenuation of high frequency signal is serious in the low signal-to-noise ratio region, which leads to the 'waste' of energy design in the process of the linear scanning signal design, this paper presents a nonlinear scanning signal design method based on spectral features of the actual data, we design the scanning signal according to the attenuation characteristics of seismic wave in the actual acquisition. During the design, we should improve the effective frequency energy and minimize the others to minimize the energy 'waste' in the signal design, According to the actual data we find that this method can improve the quality signal to noise ratio and resolution of the single shot records remarkably by seismic acquisition.
Time-frequency distributions-a review

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A review and tutorial of the fundamental ideas and methods of joint time-frequency distributions is presented. The objective of the field is to describe how the spectral content of a signal changes in time and to develop the physical and mathematical ideas needed to understand what a time-varying spectrum is. The basic gal is to devise a distribution that represents the energy or intensity of a signal simultaneously in time and frequency. Although the basic notions have been developing steadily over the last 40 years, there have recently been significant advances. This review is intended to be understandable to the nonspecialist with emphasis on the diversity of concepts and motivations that have gone into the formation of the field.< >
R/V Star Hercules Cruise: Trident Jason project data log 1

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The following lists actual and relative positions for 2 critical pieces in the AMPHORA Site- the WRECK and the BROKEN AMPHORA. First, some comments. All LAT/LON positional data are referenced to GPS. The actual positions from the STARELLA 88 data are reliable. The actual position (only located the broken AMPHORA on that trip) from the KNORR 88 data is not reliable for reasons which are detailed in a separate note to Tom Crook. In which case, the relative positions are important.
REVIEW BASED STUDY: CONCRETE FILLED STEEL TUBULAR COLUMNS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Mixed steel and concrete systems became necessary with the growth of high-rise structures and the need to produce more rigid structural systems to withstand severe lateral stresses brought on by seismic and wind conditions. As a result, CFST (Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Columns) are created. Due to the combined benefits of the steel tube and concrete core, concrete-filled steel tube (CFT) columns are widely utilized in modern construction. However, due to the severely negative impacts of the 1995 Kobe earthquake in Japan on steel and concrete composite constructions, several researchers have questioned the usage of plain concrete as an in-fill material in steel tubes. As a result, the emphasis on structural strength was changed to one that placed more emphasis on structural flexibility and energy absorption capability. In order to maximize the ductility and energy absorption capacity of composite columns, the in-fill material inside steel tubes must be of a quality that can do so. The ductility of composite columns is increased by using a variety of in-fill materials. Steel fiber is one of the in-fill materials gaining popularity due to its superior fire resistance, lesser shrinkage, and high flexural and tensile strengths. Due to the confinement effect of the steel with the concrete core and the flexibility of design, CFST is a component with good performance. Concrete Filled Steel Fluted Columns (CFST), which come in triangular, rectangular, and circular sections with flutes on the surface, have also been the subject of research. This paper provides an overview of the studies conducted by various researchers on the behavior of concrete-filled steel tube columns. Keywords: CFST, Parametric Study, Composite Columns, FEA Analysis, SCC, High Rise Buildings, Strength
A revision of Geoffroea(Leguminoscw–Papilionoideae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Geoffroea (Leguminosae–Papilionoideae) has traditionally comprised three species. In this revision the number of species is reduced to two because G. striata (Willd.) Morong is considered indistinct from G. spinosa Jacq. and is placed in synonymy. No significant morphological variation is found between the five isolated areas of distribution of G. spinosa, which occurs in the disjunct seasonally dry tropical forests of South America, and there is certainly no basis for recognizing separate taxa.
Role of the Na+,K+-ATPase α2 isoform in the positive inotropic effect of ouabain and marinobufagenin in the rat diaphragm

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

It was found that ouabain and marinobufagenin, specific inhibitors of Na+,K+-ATPase, increased the contraction of the isolated rat diaphragm by ∼15% (positive inotropic effect) at EC50 = 1.2 ± 0.3 nM and 0.3 ± 0.1 nM, respectively, which was indicative of the participation of the ouabain-sensitive Na+,K+-ATPase α2 isoform. Analysis of the dose-response curves for the effect of ouabain on the resting membrane potential of muscle fibers in the absence and in the presence of 100 nM acetylcholine (hyperpolarizing the membrane) showed the presence of two pools of Na+,K+-ATPase α2 that differed in affinity for ouabain. Only the high-affinity pool (IC50 ∼ 9 nM) mediates the hyperpolarizing effect of nanomolar concentrations of acetylcholine. Most likely, it is this pool of that is involved in the positive inotropic effect of ouabain, which can be a mechanism of regulation of the muscle function by circulating endogenous inhibitors of Na+,K+-ATPase.
A Top-Down Proteomics Platform Coupling Serial Size Exclusion Chromatography and Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Mass spectrometry (MS) based top-down proteomics provides rich information about proteoforms arising from combinatorial amino acid sequence variations and post-translational modifications (PTMs). Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) MS affords ultrahigh resolving power and provides high-accuracy mass measurements, presenting a powerful tool for top-down MS characterization of proteoforms. However, the detection and characterization of large proteins from complex mixtures remain challenging due to the exponential decrease in S: N with increasing molecular weight (MW) and coeluting low-MW proteins; thus, size-based fractionation of complex protein mixtures prior to MS analysis is necessary. Here, we directly combine MS-compatible serial size exclusion chromatography (sSEC) fractionation with 12 T FT-ICR MS for targeted top-down characterization of proteins from complex mixtures extracted from human and swine heart tissue. Benefiting from the ultrahigh resolving power of FT-ICR, we isotopically resolved 31 distinct proteoforms (30-50 kDa) simultaneously in a single mass spectrum within a 100 m/ z window. Notably, within a 5 m/ z window, we obtained baseline isotopic resolution for 6 distinct large proteoforms (30-50 kDa). The ultrahigh resolving power of FT-ICR MS combined with sSEC fractionation enabled targeted top-down analysis of large proteoforms (>30 kDa) from the human heart proteome without extensive chromatographic separation or protein purification. Further separation of proteoforms inside the mass spectrometer (in-MS) allowed for isolation of individual proteoforms and targeted electron capture dissociation (ECD), yielding high sequence coverage. sSEC/FT-ICR ECD facilitated the identification and sequence characterization of important metabolic enzymes. This platform, which facilitates deep interrogation of proteoform primary structure, is highly tunable, allows for adjustment of MS and MS/MS parameters in real time, and can be utilized for a variety of complex protein mixtures.
Evaluation of sleep disorders in flight crew and ground staff worker in Iran private flight airline in 2010

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Sleep disorders in pilots due to its impact on the flight safety and the flight staff and passenger’s health are important. This study evaluates the frequency of sleep disorders in pilots by standard questionnaires and comparison with ground staff. Methods: This was a cross–sectional study on flight crew and other workers of private flight airline. The cases were selected randomly. All participants were asked to fill 2 standard questionnaires: ISI (Insomnia Severity Index) and ESS (Epworth Sleepiness Scale). Excessive daytime sleepiness and insomnia were considered by ESS>10 and ISI>8, respectively. Results: The frequency of insomnia and sleepiness in flight crew was 66% and 24%, respectively comparing 60% and 27% in other workers. Conclusion: It is proved in this study that the excessive day time sleepiness has high frequency in the pilots and also insomnia is the most complication in this group.
RETRACTED: Research on evaluating the design effect of clothing and accessories with 2-tuple linguistic information

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we investigate the 2-tuple linguistic multiple attribute group decision making problems for evaluating the design effect of clothing and accessories with incomplete weight information, some basic concepts and operational laws of 2-tuple linguistic variables are introduced. A model ba sed on the entropy weight method, by which the attribute weights can be determined, is established. According to the traditional ideas of grey relational analysis (GRA), the optimal alternative(s) is determined by calculating the linguistic degree of grey relation of every alternative and 2-tuple linguistic positive ideal solution and 2-tuple linguistic negative ideal solution. Finally, an illustrative example for evaluating the design effect of clothing and accessories is given to verify the developed approach.
Possibility of controlling the spatial structure of the beam in the piezoelectric acoustic waveguide

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Propagation of the electroacoustic wave in a flat piezoactive finite-thickness layer sandwiched between parallel grounded conducting planes is investigated. General expressions for the waveguide eigenmodes of the layer are obtained, and their dependence on the distance between the layer and the planes is studied. On this basis, a physical mechanism for parametric transformation of acoustic beams is proposed.
Anterior Segment Surgery: IOLs, Lasers, and Refractive Keratoplasty

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Anterior segment surgery has been a "hot topic" in ophthalmology in recent years. Since 1982, over 48 books, as well as innumerable journal articles, conferences, and articles in "throwaway" format, have been devoted to that topic. Appropriately, then, the authors raise the issue in their preface, stating that "one might question why another book on anterior segment surgery is needed." Having enlisted the contributions of 82 coauthors, the editors have organized a textbook of anterior segment surgery that concentrates on cataract surgery and puts particular emphasis on intraocular lenses, lasers, and refractive keratoplasty. The book traces the evolution of cataract surgery and includes extensive discussions of the intraocular lens and its structure, evolution, and current status. Twenty pages are devoted to anterior chamber intraocular lenses, 47 to posterior chamber intraocular lenses, and 20 to secondary intraocular lenses. Alternatives to intraocular lenses, including refractive corneal surgery, are then discussed, as are
Short‐term effects of elevated precipitation and nitrogen on soil fertility and plant growth in a Neotropical savanna

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Increasing nitrogen (N) deposition and changing precipitation patterns in Neotropical savannas could alter plant growth, reproduction, and nutrients by altering soil nutrient and water availability. We examined the potential for simulated N deposition and increased dry season precipitation to have interactive effects on reproduction and growth of two abundant native Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) grasses— Loudetiopsis chrysothrix and Tristachya leiostachya —via feedbacks with soil nutrient status. Plant growth and reproduction responses consistently varied by species. Water addition led to more consistent increases in both growth and reproduction than nitrogen addition and the two treatments did have significant interactive effects. We expected that both treatments would affect plant growth and reproduction via positive effects on soil and plant N. Instead, we found that plant responses were linked to species‐specific treatment effects on soil and foliar phosphorus (P). Structural equation models (SEM) confirmed that changes in soil P—rather than changes in soil N or increasing soil acidity—explained plant response to treatments. Our results imply that N deposition and precipitation change could impact Cerrado plant growth and reproduction via subtle effects on plant and soil phosphorus.
On the Relationship between Creative Problem Solving Skill and EFL Reading Comprehension Ability

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The present study investigated the relationship between Creative Problem Solving (CPS) skill of Iranian secondary school students and their reading comprehension ability. The sample of participants included 70 second grade students randomly selected among secondary school students. The Torrance Test of Creative Thinking was used to measure CPS. Also, a valid and reliable teacher-made reading comprehension test was applied to asses reading comprehension ability of the participants. The results indicated that there was a positively significant correlation between reading comprehension ability and CPS skill. Among the sub-components of CPS, elaboration and originality revealed positively significant correlation with reading comprehension. Furthermore, the findings suggested a dire need of accommodating creativity and CPS techniques and activities in EFL materials, text book. Teaching creativity is highly recommended as a prerequisite for every kind of learning including foreign language learning.
[Hypoxic cell radiosensitizer present status and problems from viewpoint of clinical radiotherapy].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The results of clinical trials of hypoxic cell radiosensitizers were reviewed in order to clarify the present status and problems in this field. Most trials failed to show an effectiveness of the combination, however, some ENT tumors and bladder cancers were improved in local tumor responses and survivals. A selection of the patients suitable for the combination and development of simple method for the selection are indispensable. SERs necessary for clinical radiotherapy are considered to be larger than 1.2 at 2 Gy fraction level. Present hypoxic cell radiosensitizers have no significant effects on alpha values. Since radiation responses at low radiation dose ranges are dominated by alpha values, the chemicals having an effects on alpha values have to be developed.
Seasonal changes in vertebrate immune activity: mediation by physiological trade-offs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Animals living in temporally dynamic environments experience variation in resource availability, climate and threat of infection over the course of the year. Thus, to survive and reproduce successfully, these organisms must allocate resources among competing physiological systems in such a way as to maximize fitness in changing environments. Here, we review evidence supporting the hypothesis that physiological trade-offs, particularly those between the reproductive and immune systems, mediate part of the seasonal changes detected in the immune defences of many vertebrates. Abundant recent work has detected significant energetic and nutritional costs of immune defence. Sometimes these physiological costs are sufficiently large to affect fitness (e.g. reproductive output, growth or survival), indicating that selection for appropriate allocation strategies probably occurred in the past. Because hormones often orchestrate allocations among physiological systems, the endocrine mediators of seasonal changes in immune activity are discussed. Many hormones, including melatonin, glucocorticoids and androgens have extensive and consistent effects on the immune system, and they change in systematic fashions over the year. Finally, a modified framework within which to conduct future studies in ecological immunology is proposed, viz. a heightened appreciation of the complex but intelligible nature of the vertebrate immune system. Although other factors besides trade-offs undoubtedly influence seasonal variation in immune defence in animals, a growing literature supports a role for physiological trade-offs and the fitness consequences they sometimes produce.
Supplementary Material for: Schlemm’s Canal Surgery in Juvenile-Onset Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Narrative Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Juvenile-onset open-angle glaucoma (JOAG) is a rare and refractory form of glaucoma, primarily characterized by structural abnormalities in the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm’s canal. These abnormalities disrupt aqueous humor outflow, resulting in elevated intraocular pressure and progressive glaucomatous damage. Pharmacological and laser therapies are generally ineffective in managing JOAG. Surgical intervention, particularly Schlemm’s canal surgery, is considered an optional component of its treatment. Summary: This review comprehensively analyzes the advancement of Schlemm’s canal surgery for JOAG, including ab externo and ab interno Schlemm’s canal surgery. Key Messages: Schlemm’s canal surgery is a procedure designed to enhance aqueous humor outflow by reducing resistance within the outflow pathway, offering a safe and effective option for treating JOAG. Recent advances in our understanding of JOAG pathogenesis, coupled with continuous improvements in surgical techniques, have ushered in a new era of “ab interno” and minimally invasive procedures. These procedures targeting the extensive trabecular meshwork may enhance therapeutic efficacy. However, prospective and comparative studies with larger sample sizes and extended follow-up periods are needed to validate the long-term safety and efficacy of these surgical methods in managing JOAG.
Symmetries and Recursion Operators of Nonlinear Differential Equations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This work discusses the generation of an infinite number of Lie-Bäcklund symmetries for nonlinear autonomous evolution equations using recursion operators. A partial classification of nonlinear second order evolution equations is undertaken, with a full classification for the semilinear and quasilinear cases. An interesting result for the fully nonlinear case is obtained. A brief introduction to the concept of symmetries and transformation groups applied to differential equations is also given.
Autobiographical narratives of spiritual experiences: Solitude, tragedy, and the absence of materialism

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract What are the differences between experiences that people consider spiritual and experiences that they consider enjoyable? Participants were asked to provide autobiographical narratives of either spiritual or enjoyable experiences, and the two types of narratives were compared. In Study 1 (n = 142), the differences between the narratives was established via judge-based thematic content analysis. In Study 2 (n = 174), differences were established by the use of linguistic analysis software. Across both studies, spiritual experiences were more likely to involve tragedy and less likely to mention social relationships or materialistic pursuits. Hence, spiritual experiences are described as triggered by tragedy, reflect greater social isolation, and less materialistic than enjoyable experiences. Keywords: religionspiritualitymaterialism