jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
P286 Implementing a COPD Discharge Care Bundle: The Challenges and Facilitators Revealed: Abstract P286 Table 1

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introductions/Objectives

The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) for Northwest London worked with clinicians and patients to develop a COPD discharge care bundle, which has been implemented across 7 acute hospitals using quality improvement (QI) methodology. The aim of this study is to identify the challenges encountered by teams in implementing the care bundle and the associated solutions and facilitators which will inform future implementation across other sites.

Methods

An initial retrospective documentary analysis of data from the clinical implementation teams was undertaken. Data sources included minutes from 6, 12 and 18 month review meetings as well as contemporaneous records documented by the implementation team. The second stage involved collaborative learning workshops with 4 implementation teams. These workshops focused on reviewing the challenges identified in the first stage of analysis and identifying any challenges that had been missed. A discussion followed where the teams identified the solutions and facilitators that were developed during the project.

Results

The first stage of analysis identified a number of challenges, some of which were common to all sites. The most common challenges related to the 5 following high-level themes: staffing, infrastructure, process, QI methodology and patient and public involvement. Within these themes 28 key challenges were identified. In the second stage of analysis teams demonstrated that they had developed solutions to address specific challenges. For example, a project team shared their experience of a mapping session which helped them better understand the flow of patients in their setting and led to improvements in compliance to the COPD discharge care bundle.

Conclusions

There has been increasing enthusiasm to adopt the COPD bundle across the region but the implementation of new interventions poses challenges to both those planning and delivering such initiatives. Understanding and learning from the challenges faced by previous endeavours and the facilitators to overcoming these barriers provides an opportunity to mitigate issues that cost time and resource and ensure training tailored to the anticipated challenges.
Efficient Targeted Transgene Delivery to Injured Lower Motor Neurons

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Peripheral nerve injuries yield devastating consequences, and surgical repair outcomes remain suboptimal. Novel therapeutic strategies such as gene therapy could improve peripheral nerve regeneration. Though adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have delivered transgenes to intact peripheral neurons, transduction of transected neurons relevant to management of peripheral nerve injuries has not been reported. Herein, in vivo transduction efficiency of axotomized murine facial neurons using four AAV capsids packaging a fluorescent reporter transgene, tdTomato, is characterized. Proximal stumps of transected facial nerve branches in C57Bl/6J mice were immersed in AAV solutions. Four weeks later, facial motor nuclei were volume-imaged via whole-mount two-photon excitation microscopy, and machine learning-based image segmentation quantified the proportion of transgene expressing neurons. We observed remarkable retrograde transduction efficiency with AAV-PHP.S and AAV-F, with expression levels sufficient to detect intrinsic tdTomato fluorescence. This study confirms successful in vivo retrograde transgene delivery to transected peripheral neurons, an approach that carries potential as a research tool and future therapeutic strategy.
Anomalous fluctuations in the dynamics of complex systems: from DNA and physiology to econophysics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We discuss examples of complex systems composed of many interacting subsystems. We focus on those systems displaying nontrivial long-range correlations. These include the one-dimensional sequence of base pairs in DNA, the sequence of flight times of the large seabird Wandering Albatross, and the annual fluctuations in the growth rate of business firms. We review formal analogies in the models that describe the observed long-range correlations, and conclude by discussing the possibility that behavior of large numbers of humans (as measured, e.g., by economic indices) might conform to analogs of the scaling laws that have proved useful in describing systems composed of large numbers of inanimate objects.
CNGPLD: case–control copy-number analysis using Gaussian process latent difference

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Motivation Cross-sectional analyses of primary cancer genomes have identified regions of recurrent somatic copy-number alteration, many of which result from positive selection during cancer formation and contain driver genes. However, no effective approach exists for identifying genomic loci under significantly different degrees of selection in cancers of different subtypes, anatomic sites or disease stages. Results CNGPLD is a new tool for performing case–control somatic copy-number analysis that facilitates the discovery of differentially amplified or deleted copy-number aberrations in a case group of cancer compared with a control group of cancer. This tool uses a Gaussian process statistical framework in order to account for the covariance structure of copy-number data along genomic coordinates and to control the false discovery rate at the region level. Availability and implementation CNGPLD is freely available at https://bitbucket.org/djhshih/cngpld as an R package. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Altered electrical potential profile of human reabsorptive sweat duct cells in cystic fibrosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The electrophysiological properties of reabsorptive sweat duct (RSD) cells from normal and cystic fibrosis (CF) subjects were studied using intracellular microelectrodes. The apical membrane potential (Va) of CF duct cells was reversed in "polarity" (+28.0 +/- 2.4 mV, n = 46) compared with normal duct cells (-24.9 +/- 0.4 mV, n = 145), and the basolateral membrane potential (Vb) of CF cells was hyperpolarized significantly (-50.1 +/- 1.2 mV, n = 46) in comparison to normal cells (-34.6 +/- 0.4 mV, n = 145). The substitution of the impermeant anion gluconate for Cl- in the lumen of the normal duct depolarized Va from -24.9 +/- 1.1 to 8.9 +/- 3.1 mV (n = 18) and hyperpolarized Vb from -34.3 +/- 1.1 to -55.6 +/- 3.7 mV (n = 18), which mimicked the cell electrical potential profile of CF ducts even in the presence of Cl-. Cl- substitution in the bath depolarized Vb of normal ducts by 22.5 +/- 2.6 mV (n = 24), while hyperpolarizing Va by -3.4 +/- 1.6 mV (n = 24). The response of the electrical profiles of CF cells to Cl- substitution in either the lumen or the bath was significantly reduced compared with normal cells. The effect of the Na+ conductance blocker amiloride (10(-4) M) on Vb was not significantly different in CF (delta Vb = -26.4 +/- 3.8 mV, n = 9) vs. normal (delta Vb = -27.6 +/- 2.5 mV, n = 30) cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Supplementary material from "Long-term wildlife mortality surveillance in Northern Congo: a model for the detection of Ebola virus disease epizootics"

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Ebolavirus (EBOV) has caused disease outbreaks taking thousands of lives, costing billions of dollars in control efforts and threatening great ape populations. EBOV ecology is not fully understood but infected wildlife and consumption of animal carcasses have been linked to human outbreaks, especially in the Congo Basin. Partnering with the Congolese Ministry of Health, we conducted wildlife mortality surveillance and educational outreach in the northern Republic of Congo (RoC). Designed for EBOV detection and to alert public health authorities, we established a low-cost wildlife mortality reporting network covering 50 000 km2. Simultaneously, we delivered educational outreach promoting behavioural change to over 6600 people in rural northern RoC. We achieved specimen collection by training project staff on a safe sampling protocol and equipping geographically distributed bases with sampling kits. We established in-country diagnostics for EBOV testing, reducing diagnostic turnaround time to 3 days and demonstrated the absence of EBOV in 58 carcasses. Central Africa remains a high-risk EBOV region, but RoC, home to the largest remaining populations of great apes, has not had an epidemic since 2005. This effort continues to function as an untested early warning system in RoC, where people and great apes have died from past Ebola virus disease outbreaks.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Dynamic and integrative approaches to understanding pathogen spillover’.
Development and Characterization of Ammonia Removal Moving Bed Biofilms for Landfill Leachate Treatment

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Urbanization growth has intensified the challenge of managing and treating increasing amounts of municipal solid waste (MSW). Landfills are commonly utilized for MSW disposal because of their low construction and operation costs. However, this practice produces huge volumes of landfill leachate, a highly polluting liquid rich in ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), organic compounds, and various heavy metals, making it difficult to treat in conventional municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In recent years, research has shown that microbial biofilms, developed on carriers of different materials and called “moving bed biofilm reactors” (MBBRs), may offer promising solutions for bioremediation. This study explored the biofilm development and the nitrification process of moving bed biofilms (MBBs) obtained from high ammonia-selected microbial communities. Using crystal violet staining and confocal laser-scanning microscopy, we followed the biofilm formation stages correlating nitrogen removal to metagenomic analyses. Our results indicate that MBBs unveiled a 10-fold more enhanced nitrification rate than the dispersed microbial community present in the native sludge of the Porto Sant’Elpidio (Italy) WWTP. Four bacterial families, Chitinophagaceae, Comamonadaceae, Sphingomonadaceae, and Nitrosomonadaceae, accumulate in structured biofilms and significantly contribute to the high ammonium removal rate of 80% in 24 h as estimated in leachate-containing wastewaters.
The Use of Halophytic Companion Plant (Portulaca oleracea L.) on Some Growth, Fruit, and Biochemical Parameters of Strawberry Plants Under Salt Stress

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Strawberry is a saline sensitive plant adversely affected under slightly or moderately saline conditions. Growth and biochemical parameters of strawberry plants grown under NaCl (0-, 30-, 60-, and 90 mmol L-1) conditions with or without a halophytic companion plant (Portulaca oleracea L.) were investigated in a pot experiment. Salt stress negatively affected the growth, physiological (stomatal conductance, electrolyte leakage, total soluble solids) and biochemical parameters such as chlorophyll contents (chl-a and chl-b), proline, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, catalase, and peroxidase enzyme activities, lycopene, vitamin C contents along with the mineral uptake of strawberry plants. The companionship of P. oleacea increased fresh weight, dry weight, and fruit average weight and total fruit yield of strawberry plants along with the improvement of physiological and biochemical parameters. This study showed that cultivating of P. oleracea with strawberry plants under salt stress conditions effectively increased strawberry fruit yield and quality. We, therefore, that approaches towards the use of P. oleracea could be an environmentally friendly method that should be commonly practised where salinity is of great concern.
Repatriation of terrorist fighters – the Macedonian experience

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Within the framework of the paper „Repatriation of terrorist fighters - success or a trick in the RN Macedonia“, the authors analyze the beginnings of 2012, when for the first time our country officially faced foreign terrorist fighters, as well as their repatriation. It was only after six years that the two Strategies for the fight against violent extremism and the fight against terrorism were adopted, i.e. in 2018. Namely, a brief review of the incrimination of these criminal acts is carried out, and we focus primarily on the part that follows the process of the return of foreign terrorist fighters and their families to their home country. Here, drawing of conclusions regarding the necessary segments and significant links in the system for an appropriate approach and completeness to deal with this issue is not lagging behind.
A Statistical Approach to Extreme Ice Loads on Lighthouse Norstro¨msgrund

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Data from full-scale measurements of ice loads on lighthouse Norstro¨msgrund has been analyzed using basic statistical methods. Questions like scaling, duration of ice interaction and correlation of extreme ice loads on different segments of the structure are discussed. Typical ice conditions in the Baltic Sea are described in general and the region is divided into areas with similar ice and ice movements. Indications of strong influence of structure diameter on the effective ice pressure were confirmed by results obtained on other lighthouses in the area. The result can be used in simulations of ice load probabilities for fixed vertical structures with small diameters located in the Baltic Sea.
An examination of an argument of E.L. Mascall's in The Christian universe

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

E.L. Mascall's book The Christian Universe was chosen as as a basis for this thesis because the argument he presents there is a distinctively modern attempt to provide a justification for religious belief. Although it is not merely a reiteration of the traditional arguments, it is deployed in the same way to provide grounds for belief in God. While not dismissing or discounting the value of recent work done in clarifying uses of language in religious contexts -- indeed, the methods and fruits of linguistic and conceptual analysis have been employed in interpreting and assessing the force of Mascall's argument -- there remains the substantial question of whether engaging in religious discourse finally has any point.\n\nThe impetus to investigate this problem - and thus Mascall's attempt to answer the problem - was gained from an article by- H.E. Root ("Beginning All Over Again," Soundings, A.R. Vidler (ed.), C.U.P., London, 1966). In it be upbraids Christian theologians who . suppose, they can justify their beliefs by reference to revelation. He points out that unless they can give a more appropriate reason for what they believe "there are no grounds for believing that a Christian scheme is preferable to some non-Christian one" and the choice between "Christianity and some other religion (or note) becomes arbitrary, irrational, even trivial" (p.13).\n\nThere are no easy solutions to this old problem of justifying belief in God. It is significant even to make a small advance in understanding what could provide such a justification. In treating Mascall's argument attention has been paid to the distinct notion, implied there, that the 'usefulness' of the belief -- the function it performs in satisfying the human need for sense and meaning in life -- is a basis, or part of a basis, for asserting that there is such a God, To treat grounds for belief in this way provides a. new insight into theistic argument.
The application of satellite data in the determination of ocean temperatures and cloud characteristics and statistics

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The author has identified the following significant results. The major shortcoming of the data was the loss of the infrared radiances from the S191 spectrometer. The cloud thermodynamic phase determination procedure was derived and tested with the data collected by the S192 multispectral scanner. Results of the test indicate a large fraction of the data could be classified thermodynamically. An added bonus was the inclusion of snow in the classification approach. The conclusion to be drawn from this portion of the effort is that in most cases considered ice clouds, liquid water droplet clouds, and snow fields can be spectroscopically separated to a high degree of accuracy.
Twisted quasiperiodic textures of biaxial nematics

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Textures (i.e., smooth space non-uniform distributions of the order parameter) in biaxial nematics turned out to be much more difficult and interesting than expected. Scanning the literature we find only a very few publications on this topic. Thus, the immediate motivation of the present paper is to develop a systematic procedure to study, classify and visualize possible textures in biaxial nematics. Based on the elastic energy of a biaxial nematic (written in the most simple form that involves the least number of phenomenological parameters) we derive and solve numerically the Lagrange equations of the first kind. It allows one to visualize the solutions and offers a deep insight into their geometrical and topological features. Performing Fourier analysis we find some particular textures possessing two or more characteristic space periods (we term such solutions quasiperiodic ones because the periods are not necessarily commensurate). The problem is not only of intellectual interest but also of relevance to optical characteristics of the liquid-crystalline textures.
The Self-perceived Mental Health Status and Factors That Influence the Mental Health of Chinese Submariners in the South China Sea: A Cross-sectional Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Introduction To assess the self-perceived mental health of soldiers and officers in the submarine force in the South China Sea, the result of this investigation was compared to the Chinese military male norms, and the factors that influence their mental health was further explored. Materials and Methods A total of 580 male submariners agreed to participate. In the final analysis, 511 valid questionnaires were included; 69 incomplete questionnaires were excluded. The Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) was used to measure the self-perceived mental health of the officers and soldiers. Results The scores of four dimensions (somatization, anxiety, phobic anxiety, and paranoid ideation) and the average of the total SCL-90 scores for the submarine force in the South China Sea were significantly higher than the Chinese military norms. Age and length of service were found to be protective factors, with 26- to 30-year-old age group (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.365, 95% CI = 0.138-0.961) and individuals with 6 to 10 years of service (AOR = 0.357, 95% CI = 0.151-0.842) having lower odds of poor mental health. Education level (bachelor’s degree) and workplace (nuclear submarine) were found to be risk factors. Conclusions This study demonstrates for the first time that soldiers and officers in the submarine force in the South China Sea are exposed to a number of mental health risks and are suffering from serious psychological problems. These findings provide a basis for military departments to effectively address these psychological problems.
Import Demand Elasticities and Stability during Trade Liberalization: a Case Study of Kenya

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper utilizes an error correction model to estimate demand elasticities for aggregate imports and components in Kenya over 1964–91. The results show the short-run relative price and real income aggregate import demand elasticities to be non-significant or weakly significant. On the other hand, aggregate imports were strongly responsive to lagged forex reserves and forex earnings. The non-significant or weakly significant relative price and real income elasticities suggest that devaluation and stablization policies pursued in the past did not effectively assist trade liberalization efforts, at least at the rate they were implemented. More generally, they suggest that policies that directly increase export earnings and access to external capital inflows are likely to have a larger impact on import volumes than those that concentrate exclusively on aggregate demand and exchange rate management.
Do patterns of helminth parasitism differ between groups of wild-living cats in Scotland?

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Differences in the prevalence and abundance of helminth parasites amongst host populations may result from variations in resistance to infection, differences in habitat preferences, diet or social behaviour. The use of helminth parasites as ‘ecological markers’ for determining differences between morphological groups of wild-living cats in Scotland was investigated, in light of the debate over the definition of a wildcat. The prevalence and abundance of the tapeworm Taenia taeniaeformis did not differ significantly between cats designated as ‘wild’ and ‘feral’ types. The prevalence of both helminths was high (94% and 69%, respectively) and there was significant variation in worm abundance related to season and geographical area. Also, prevalence of infection with Toxocara cati was significantly higher in female cats. Cats which harboured large numbers of one worm species were also likely to harbour large numbers of the other. However, a possible relationship with cat condition was only found for T. taeniaeformis for which there was a significant negative correlation between an index of cat condition and worm abundance amongst ‘wild type’ cats, but not amongst ‘feral type’ cats. Variations in worm burdens could not be attributed to differences in the diet of the cats as there was no significant relationship between the presence of any individual prey type and either the presence or abundance of T. cati or T. taeniaeformis. There was a significant negative correlation between density and biomass of individual worms in infections of T. taeniaeformis, suggestive of a density-dependent constraint on tapeworm growth.