jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
THE NUMERICAL APPROXIMATION FOR THE INTEGRABILITY PROBLEM AND THE MEASURE OF WELFARE CHANGES, AND ITS APPLICATIONS

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This dissertation mainly studied on numerical approximation methods as a solution of the integrability problem and the measure of welfare changes, and demonstrated how numerical algorithms can be applied in empirical studies as a solution method. In general, the integrability problem is described as a system of the partial differential equations (PDE) in terms of the expenditure function, and the measure of welfare changes is defined by the difference between the expenditure function at two different time periods. Both problems can be solved using the same method since solutions for these questions mainly relied on how to recover the compensated income (expenditure) from the ordinary demand function. In order to investigate whether numerical approximation methods can be applied to the integrability problem and the measure of welfare changes, first, we studied the integrability problem mainly focusing on how to transform the system of the partial differential equations to the system of the ordinary differential equation since this transform possibility provides a way to solve the integrability problem using the numerical method. Second, several numerical methods were investigated as a possible solution of both problem including the Vartia, the RK-4th order algorithm, and the Adams Fourth-Order Predictor-Corrector algorithm. In addition, the Rotterdam and Almost Ideal demand system were investigated since the demand system played an important role on recovering the expenditure. Two empirical studies are performed. In the first application, using both the U.S consumer expenditure (CE) data and the consumer price index (CPI), the AI and Rotterdam demand system were estimated, and the expenditure was recovered from the estimated demand system using numerical approximation methods. From this, we could demonstrate the power and the applicability of numerical algorithms. In the second application, we paid attention to analyze the welfare effect on the U.S elderly population when prices changed. The burden index and the compensating variation were calculated using the numerical algorithm. From the evaluation, we could confirm that the welfare changes and consumer welfare losses of the elderly population were larger than that of the general U.S population
The influence of fish farming intensification on taxonomic richness and biomass density of macrophyte-dwelling invertebrates in French fishponds

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

\n Fishponds are man-made ecosystems where fish farming may strongly interfere with biodiversity. Intensified practices could be suspected to have a negative impact on animal and plant communities. We investigated the hypothesis that, in French fishponds, taxonomic richness and biomass density of macrophyte-dwelling macro-invertebrates could be influenced by fish stock density and pond fertilization. With a sample of 95 water bodies from three of the most important fishpond regions, studied in 2000, 2001 or 2002, we compared a series of models in which macrophyte cover (in three classes), emergent shore vegetation (in % of pond area) and invertebrate biomass in pond sediment were also considered. Among explanatory variables, macrophyte and helophyte abundance were included in the best models explaining variation in invertebrate taxonomic richness and in biomass density. Taxonomic richness was lower when abundance of both macrophytes and emergent shore vegetation was low (<10% and <7.5%, respectively). Biomass density was higher when macrophyte cover was ≥ 10% provided that emergent vegetation was abundant (≥ 7.5%). We conclude that fish farming intensification in French fishponds may affect aquatic invertebrate communities, mainly through its impact on the development of aquatic vegetation.\n
Fatal recurrent dermatoneuro syndrome associated with systemic AL amyloidosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A male patient is presented with long-lasting paraproteinemia of monoclonal IgG λ, who suffered from recurrent, and until the last one, mostly reversible episodes of dermatoneuro syndrome, described exclusively in scleromyxedema. The skin biopsy revealed λ-light chain amyloid deposition instead of changes typical for scleromyxedema. Systemic AL amyloidosis was diagnosed post mortem since the patient had no clinical signs of any other organ impairment except skin and brain. Neuropathology is described and possible etiopathogenesis of brain involvement is considered.
Electrochemical investigation of a radical s adenosylmethionine enzyme: BtrN from Bacillus circulans

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Radical s ‐adenosylmethionine (SAM) enzymes catalyze a variety of reactions involved in biological pathways including the biosynthesis of antibiotics, cofactors, and biosynthesis and repair of DNA. Measurement of the electrochemical characteristics of radical SAM enzymes has been limited due to the typically buried location of the radical SAM cluster within the enzyme. The midpoint potential of a radical SAM cluster has only been determined for lysine aminomutase using spectroelectrochemical titrations with the use of mediators. This study presents the first direct electrochemical measurement of a radical SAM enzyme using the technique of protein film voltammetry (PFV). BtrN from Bacillus circulans is an emerging class of radical SAM dehydrogenases, which catalyze the third step in the biosynthetic pathway of the antibiotic butirosin. BtrN has been shown to contain a second [4Fe‐4S] cluster in addition to the canonical radical SAM [4Fe‐4S] cluster. Nonturnover PFV has characterized the electrochemical properties of these clusters and provided insight into the mechanism of electron transfer. Additionally, PFV has been used to characterize the effect of substrate binding on the clusters. These results provide insight into the catalytic mechanism of BtrN and the electrochemical characteristics of radical SAM enzymes in general. Research support was provided by NSF (MCB 1122977).
Melanoma Antigen(MAGE)and the Immunotherapy of Lung Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The research on tumor vaccine has been a key method of tumor active immunotherapy with the development and application of molecular biological and genetic engineering technology.MAGE gene family encode antigen peptides that are presented by HLA class I molecules and recognized on human tumors by autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes(CTL).MAGE gene was expressed exclusively in tumor tissues with lung cancer patients, so this tumor rejection antigen may have potential to be used as a new peptide vaccine for immunotherapy for lung cancers.
The Use of Fumidil-B1 to Reduce Microsporidian Disease in Colonies of the Boll Weevil2

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

When Fumidil-B® was fed to larval and adult boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), to reduce the percent of weevils infected by a microsporidian (designated as 1069), a dose of 0.25% in the adult diet resulted in an average of 2% infected weevils (determined by presence of spores) at 2 weeks postemergence compared with 21% infection of similar weevils fed diet without Fumidil-B. Longevity was not affected by this dose, but fecundity and egg hatch were reduced to 32 and 76% of the control, respectively. Weevils from a diseased colony fed larval and then adult diets containing 0.15 and 0.0025% Fumidil-B, respectively, were 12% diseased compared with 86% of weevils reared and maintained on untreated diets.
THE SNAKE FAUNA OF LAOS WITH NEW PROVINCIAL RECORDS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We add seventeen new provincial records for fifteen snake species of Laos with precise localities and elevations. These new records result from 45 independent surveys conducted at different times between the years 2016 and 2021 in all Laotian provinces except Attapu. In all field trips, we took a series of photographs that allowed us to prepare high-resolution photographic plates that then allowed us to identify all individuals down to species level. No specimen was killed and preserved. Here we provide the list of all new localities of snakes photographed during our surveys. We discuss potential systematic problems and the biogeographic implications of these new provincial records.
Acute Intravenous Low- and High-Dose Cocaine Reduces Quantitative Global and Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Recently Abstinent Subjects with Cocaine use Disorder

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cocaine-induced hypoperfusion, a risk factor for ischemic stroke, has not been fully characterized during experimental drug-taking among individuals with cocaine use disorder. We sought to examine cocaine's dose-dependent, time-related effects on cerebral blood flow. In a double-blind, randomized human laboratory study with a counterbalanced order of drug administration, 31 male and female subjects with cocaine use disorder were divided into two groups receiving either (a) low-dose cocaine (0.325 mg/kg intravenously) or placebo ( N = 15) or (b) high-dose cocaine (0.650 mg/kg intravenously) or placebo ( N = 16). The different dose conditions were administered on test days separated by a rest period of ≥48 h. Cerebral blood flow was assessed quantitatively using H 2 O 15 positron emission tomography. Experimentally administered low- and high-dose cocaine conditions versus their corresponding placebo conditions were associated with global and regional hypoperfusion. The trend for high- versus low-dose cocaine to be associated with greater hypoperfusion achieved statistical significance only for the dopamine-rich sublobar and midbrain regions. Cocaine's hypoperfusion effects were maximal at 8 mins after infusion (i.e., at about the expected peak of intravenous cocaine levels) and had mostly dissipated by 32 mins after infusion. Although hypoperfusion occurred throughout the brain, the left hemispheric dopamine-rich sublobar region was the most severely affected. Cocaine-induced cerebral hypoperfusion is associated with the time course of its pharmacological effects, and dopamine-rich areas, particularly in the left hemisphere, may be most vulnerable. Increasingly larger doses of cocaine may be associated with greater risk for ischemic stroke.
Hong Kong&#039;s Direct and Indirect Real Estate Markets: Are they Integrated or Not?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper revisits an old but relevant and imperative question in the field of real estate investment and portfolio management: are the direct and indirect real estate markets integrated? The authors aim to provide the answer for the Hong Kong context by examining the effects of common risk factors on the variations in excess returns for these markets. Adopting the multifactor asset pricing model (MAP), the Fama-MacBeth two-pass regression approach is applied to estimate the time-varying risk premia for the model. The pooled-variance t-test is then performed for the risk premia coefficients to determine if the direct and securitized markets are linked. Preliminary analysis of the results shows that the markets in Hong Kong are not integrated, and the authors attempt to provide some explanation to this based on the unique characteristics of the Hong Kong real estate market.
Optimization of condition for auto-inducing expression of recombinant immunotoxin IL6_(T23)-PE38KDEL in E. coli

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective To optimize the condition for auto-inducing expression of recombinant immunotoxin IL6(T23)PE38KDEL in E.coli so as to increase bacterial concentration and expression level of soluble target protein.Methods Recombinant E.coli was cultured in shake flask,of which the culture condition(inoculum amount,time and temperature for induction,filling volume)and medium composition(organic nitrogen source,inorganic nitrogen source,carbon source and organic acid) were optimized by single factor and orthogonal tests,and bacterial concentration,expression level of soluble target protein and stability of plasmid were determined.Results The optimal filling volume,inoculum amount, temperature and time for auto-induction were 20 ml/250 ml,2%,28℃ and 25 h respectively.The optimal medium consisted of 2% tryptone,0.5% yeast extract powder,25 mmol/L disodium hydrogen phosphate,25 mmol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate,25 mmol/L ammonium sulfate,0.05% glucose,1% mannitol,0.6% lactose,20 mmol/L sodium malate and 0.5 mmol/L magnesium sulfate.Under the optimal condition,the expression level of soluble target protein and bacterial concentration were 1.76 and 2.12 times of of those in LB medium under induction of IPTG respectively.The plasmid stability increased from 87% to 98%.Conclusion The condition for auto-inducing expression of recombinant immune toxin IL6(T23)-PE38KDEL in E.coli was optimized,which laid a foundation of industrial production of the immunotoxin,and provided a reference for application of auto-induction in production of other recombinant protein drugs.
Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among Sudanese patients with different genders in Khartoum state, Sudan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Trichomonas vaginalis infection is one of the major health problems in the world, Trichomonas vaginalis infection is a common sexually transmitted protozoal infection, with an estimated 180 million prevalent cases worldwide. Objective: This study aims to estimate the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among Sudanese patients according to sex and age in Bashaeir Hospital –Khartoum state. Methods: This study was a retrospective descriptive study of pre-collected urine samples, included male and female patients attending the outpatient, requested for urine general examination, samples were selected by systemic random sampling. One hundred-twenty five (125) samples have been taken; wet preparation has been done for all samples in Bashaeir Hospital lab. Result: 125 urine samples was examined. The number of females was 95 and males was 30. All samples were examined for T. vaginalis. Only 15 were positive. We could not collect data for all subjects; because it was not available. There was an available data about sex and age for 23 cases. Conclusion:Femalewas more affected by Trichomonas vaginalis than in males. The most affected age was ranging from (31-40) years.
Study on The Karyotype and Banding of Semilabeo prochilus (Pisces)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this paper the karyotype,C-banding and Ag-NORs of Semilabeo prochilus from Jin Sha River system (Yunnan Province) have been studied.The diploid number of Semilabeo prochilus is 50(16 m+20 sm+14 st)and NF=86.The centromeric distribution of heterchromatin has been demonstraed in most of chromosomes.The short arm of No.1 was found to be a complete heterochromatin.oreover,the interstitial heterochromatin has observed on the long arm Nos.9,10,11.Silver-staining showed 7 Ag-NORs at Nos.10,11,13 chromosomes,but only one Ag-NORs appeared in the No.13.Based on the above data,Semilabeo prochilus might be specilized species in genus Semilabeo.
The Adjustment and Analysis of Very Large Networks

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper is an abridged version of a communication, “An assessment of the proposed readjustment of the North American geodetic control networks,” which was presented at the Symposium. It reviews the current methods of solution and analysis of very large geodetic control networks. These include the Choleski decomposition compatible banded forms and corresponding mesh-point numbering techniques, rigorous block methods, iterative procedures and some recently used approximate techniques.
Financial Crime and its Implications on Nigeria’s Social Image

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Financial crime has eaten deep into the fiber of Nigeria’s social status. A country is economically, socially and environmentally secured when it financial crimes level is at barest minimum. In spite of government efforts to reduce financial crimes through it established agencies, not much has been achieved as the trend of crime in Nigeria sporadically increased. This review explored the social effects of financial crime in the light of recent financial insecurity experienced in the country with the primary aim of exploring its causes and possible ways of controlling the menace in Nigeria. The study observed among others that the rise in the rate of financial Crime earned Nigeria disputable image both locally and internationally, and that vulnerability of institution's internal structure and rule of law could decoy financial crime tendencies. Therefore, the security of territorial integrity and effective resources' control measures in enhancing the growth and dignity of Nigeria’s social, economic and political image should be taken much more seriously than before by all stakeholders.
Azuleno[6,5‐d]isoxazole: Derivate eines neuartigen Ringsystems

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Azuleno[6,5‐ d ]isoxazoles: Derivatives of a New Ring System Diazotation of diethyl 2‐amino‐6‐(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)‐1,3‐azulenedicarboxylate ( 2 ) yields azuleno‐isoxazoles 6 and 7 among other products. 9 is another representative of the novel ring system. Reaction paths for the unexpected formation of 6 , 7 , and 9 are scrutinized.
Righteous Revolutionaries: Morality, Mobilization, and Violence in the Making of the Chinese State. By Jeffrey A. Javed. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2022. 312p. $80.00 cloth, $34.95 paper.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Righteous Revolutionaries: Morality, Mobilization, and Violence in the Making of the Chinese State. By Jeffrey A. Javed. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2022. 312p. 34.95 paper. - Volume 21 Issue 2
A study of delayed hypersensitivity and desensitization in guinea pigs after Brucella infection.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

We made use of the guinea pig model to demonstrate delayed hypersensitive manifestations in the knee as well as the liver rather than the skin. Experiments revealed that several factors took part in this immune response, i.e. nature of sensitizing agents, route and dosage of allergen procured and functional involvement of local tissue or organ. For instance, the knee swelling was triggered by intraarticular introduction of allergen while the distended liver gave rise to a pathogenic fatal outcome after large dose intravenously. Animal models were also established to abolish partially all these forms of immune reactions in a duration of limited time as a result of desensitization by brucellysin. These immune manifestations and their possible correlation to the pathogenesis of brucellosis were discussed.
Comparative Analysis of Music Curriculum: Focusing on USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Germany, France, and Finland

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

본 연구는 우리나라 차기 교육과정 개정의 방향 설정을 위하여 최근 국외 음악과 교육과 정 내용의 체계와 구성을 비교⋅분석하여 살펴보았다. 이를 위하여 교육과정 분야에서 활발히 연구되는 미국, 캐나다, 호주, 뉴질랜드, 싱가포르, 독일, 프랑스, 핀란드의 교육과정을 대상으로 목표 및 역량, 내용, 성취기준, 교수⋅학습 및 평가의 전체적인 경향성을 파악하였고, OECD와 EU의 최신 교육 연구 및 우리나라 교육과정과 대조하며 논의하였다. 이를 바탕으로 총론 역량 및 음악과 역량의 구성 방식과 내용, 음악 내용 영역의 특징, 성취기준 진술 내용과 형태, 교수⋅ 학습 및 평가 내용과 구체성 수준, 문서의 전반적인 역량 연계 방식 등에 대한 종합적 결과와 함의를 도출하였다.
Portfolio optimization by combining data envelopment analysis and decision-making Hurwicz method

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Portfolio optimization is one of the most important and attractive financial and investment issues. The portfolio optimization determines the corporations and the amount of shares that a fundamental investor can purchases in a way that use its investment benefits and avoid its risks. In mathematical terms, Markowitz model, is the most fundamental and important model of portfolio optimization. Despite the importance of this model, it can be criticized due to the reliance on historical return, which does not necessarily reflect the actual situationThis study can be classified as a serious research that does not put the historical returns of the companies as the base of the optimize decisions. The study uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) and multi-criteria decision-making (MADM) methods to solve the optimization problem. In the first step by inserting the appropriate financial ratios as input and output in data envelopment analysis and then by using optimal weights calculate the performance of each unit's cross. Then a cross efficiency matrix interpreted as a decision matrix can consider the companies as an option and evaluate with multiple criteria. On this basis and based on the interpretation of the crossover delivers performance Maximax, Maximin and Harvikz decision-making, are presented as appropriate method of problem solving. At the end the performance of each proposed portfolios are checked with two related indices. The results demonstrate the success of the proposed portfolio based on MaxMax and some of the proposed portfolio based on Hurwicz approach than benchmark portfolio.
Ecological experiments: between a rock and a hard place

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

When I ask my first-year marine science students what they think science is, apart from some blank looks, I get a range of answers. One of the most common themes that emerges is that science is not a thing, but a way of doing things and that way of doing centres on experiments. Brought up in a western culture, for them science has become synonymous with a ‘Popparian philosophy’ (Popper, 1962), focused on the experimental falsification of hypotheses. This is difficult to do in the marine environment. In the dynamic offshore environment, the concept of replication becomes challenging, conditions are never matched exactly in space or time; while constraining organisms such as plankton or fish that live in intimate contact with the medium and travel large distances likely brings with it the potential for experimental artefacts. It is, perhaps, therefore surprising that marine rocky shores have been a major site for ecological experiments that have been fundamental to our understanding of the ecological workings of the world and underpin a significant amount of ecological theory. Hawkins et al. (2020) describes the evolution of our knowledge of rocky shore ecology and in particular how experimental studies on rocky shores have been used to develop theoretical frameworks and to test ecological hypotheses
Implicit Summation Formula for 2-Variable Laguerre-Based Poly-Genocchi Polynomials

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The main object of this paper is to introduce a new class of Laguerre-based poly-Genocchi polynomials and investigate some properties for these polynomials and related to the Stirling numbers of the second kind. We derive summation formulae and general symmetry identities by using different analytical means and applying generating functions.