jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Surgical treatment for bilateral multiple lung cancers].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We reviewed 12 patients with contralateral bronchogenic carcinomas. Seven of them had metachoronous carcinomas and 5 had synchronous carcinomas. We treated 3 patients with lobectomy on both lungs, and 4 patients with lobectomy and segmentectomy, 2 patients with lobectomy and wedge resection, 2 patients with segmentectomy and thoracoscopic wedge resection, and one patient with lobectomy and ablation on each lung. Two patients who had lobectomy on both lungs were dead, one of whom of bronchofistula on operation and the other of respiratory failure 7 years and one month after second operation. The 5-year survival rate in 12 patients was 68.5% after first operation and 82.5% after second operation. We conclude that lobectomy on both lungs are not recommended because of high mortality rate and the limited resection should be considered to treat the other contralateral primary lung cancers. Because the patients with primary lung cancers have the possibility to suffer from new primary cancers in the different site of the lung, we need careful follow up of the patients after treatment on the first lung cancer.
Rheological behaviors exhibited by soy protein systems under dynamic aqueous environments

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT In this study, rheological behaviors of soy protein and soy flour as powders, pastes, and dispersions are characterized over a range of water contents and temperature to understand their processing in adhesives or paints. At ambient temperature, soy protein samples were characterized by low critical strain values (<0.1%), whereas soy flour samples exhibit linear viscoelastic regions >1% strain with 30–90% water content. On heating, the aqueous soy protein and soy flour compositions have complex rheological behaviors due to plasticization by water and the thermal denaturing and crosslinking of protein and carbohydrate with increasing temperature. Below 100 °C, soy protein rheological behaviors were attributable to the glass transition of the 7S and 11S soy globulin fractions, polymer flow, and plasticization by residual moisture. Above 100 °C, the onset of protein crosslinking was observed with this shifting to higher temperatures for samples still dehydrating. With soy flour samples, the residual moisture present above 100 °C similarly increase protein crosslinking to higher temperatures (125–148 °C) for samples with initial water contents of 30–90%. These results provide a basis for understanding why soy systems undergoing heat processing and rapid dehydration will require higher temperature and longer processing time to attain a cured, crosslinked state. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134 , 45513.
Maintaining privacy and data quality in privacy preserving association rule mining

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Privacy preserving data mining (PPDM) is a novel research direction to preserve privacy for sensitive knowledge from disclosure. Many of the researchers in this area have recently made effort to preserve privacy for sensitive association rules in statistical database. In this paper, we propose a heuristic algorithm named DSRRC (Decrease Support of R.H.S. item of Rule Clusters), which provides privacy for sensitive rules at certain level while ensuring data quality. Proposed algorithm clusters the sensitive association rules based on certain criteria and hides as many as possible rules at a time by modifying fewer transactions. Because of less modification in database it helps maintaining data quality.
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA INITIATIVES FOR COVID-19: HIGHER EDUCATION

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Within a short span of time, the COVID-19 epidemic has spread worldwide. Today, according to the WHO, about 220 countries are affected by this epidemic. COVID 19 has impacted worldwide causing every country is grappling with the major economic crises. The spread of the COVID-19 epidemic has significantly disrupted every walk of human life, that too includes education. Internationalization has also slowed down considerably due to this epidemic. The COVID-19 epidemic has led to an unprecedented ambush on education. In many educational institutions around the world, campuses are closed for formal education, and teaching-learning has gone online or virtual. A progressive country like India has also been affected in this field, but technology has also solved this problem to some extent. In India, there are about 32 crore learners who are covered under schools/colleges and all educational Institutes. COVID-19 has also made an impact on the admission of the learner to higher education in this session, due to which one important reason is the decrease in the source of parental income due to COVID-19. Two main issues are discussed in this research paper. In the first part, during the COVID-19 epidemic, the Government of India includes numerous measures and instructions that are given from time to time for its prevention. In the second part, this research discusses the reasons for the major effects on admission to higher education for the current session.\n\n
Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) in the alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In this experimental study, 30 adult male Wistar rats divided into 5 groups (n=6). Experimental rats were treated with one intraperitoneal injection of 120 mg/kgbw Alloxan monohydrate alone or in combination with 28 days of oral administration with aqueous extract of Rhus coriaria (50, 100 and 250 mg/kgbw) while the control rats received normal saline. At the end of the study, blood glucose, malondialdehyde concentration and catalase activities of kidney and liver tissues were determined. Treatment with Rhus coriaria extract resulted in a significant reduction in blood glucose, and the liver and kidney tissue contents of malondialdehyde in comparison to diabetic group (P<0.05). Furthermore, diabetic group treated with extract showed a significant increase in catalase activities of the liver and kidney (P<0.05). The present study showed that Rhus coriaria could be effective in decreasing diabetic complication and this effect is attributed to the antioxidant activity of the plant.
Sensitization of Europium(III) Luminescence by DTPA Derivatives

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Novel ligands, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid bearing several aromatic amines, were synthesized and their chelates with a europium ion were prepared. The lanthanide luminescence of the chelates of 1-aminonaphthalene and 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin was largely enhanced by the energy transfer from the ligand to the europium ion.
Author reply

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Concerning the letter from Fletcher et al regarding our recent article in Cancer,1 screening with fecal occult blood tests (FOBT) has a real place in practice. The FOBT test selects who gets colonoscopy, because the FOBT identifies those more likely to have colorectal neoplasia.2 Therefore, the objective of our article was to report a direct comparison of 2 FOBTs in which the comparator was a test with proven value in randomized trials. The study was not designed (and did not claim to have set out) to estimate true sensitivity. The comments by Fletcher, Ransohoff, and Imperiale concerning the relation between the true-positive rate and true sensitivity are not directly pertinent to the point of the article. We were careful to conclude that the sensitivity of the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) clearly was better than the guaiac fecal occult blood test (GFOBT), without specifically claiming a value for true sensitivity. This point was made in the Discussion, in which we indicated that the true-positive rate represented “the upper bound of actual sensitivity within the limitation of the number of detected cases.” Because GFOBTs are a proven standard of care when screening3 and generally are acceptable to average-risk individuals,4 we can be confident that this type of FIT is a better screening tool than GFOBT. The issue of how much the true-positive rate overestimates true sensitivity of a once-only test warrants further comment. First, FOBTs are not intended to be used just once; and been demonstrated that program sensitivity, ie, the sensitivity of repeated testing, of a GFOBT for cancer ranged from 80% to 92% in the first reported randomized, controlled trial.3 Fletcher, Ransohoff, and Imperiale seek to down-play the sensitivity of once-only testing, stating that the “literature suggests that no more than half of colorectal cancers bleed at a given point in time.” This statement is not referenced and is derived from observations using crude methods for detecting fecal blood, such as guaiac, radiochromium, and heme-porphyrin assays. Because extraneous influences, such as dietary peroxidases and red meat, can influence these measures but do not affect methods that rely on immunoreactive hemoglobin,2 they cannot be extrapolated to results with FIT. Graeme P. Young MD*, * Department of Medicine, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia.
Noble gas abundances in a deep-sea sediment core from eastern equatorial Pacific.

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The dried sediments from a single deep-sea sediment core taken in the eastern equatorial Pacific (1°02.2′N, 121°10.4′W), showed progressive enrichment in heavy noble gases (36Ar, 84Kr, 132Xe). Meanwhile, light noble gases (4He, 20Ne), especially 20Ne, were severely depleted. The noble gas abundances classified into type 1, observed in terrestrial sedimentary rocks and natural gases, can be formed as a mixture of the observed noble gas abundances with those in water. The concentrations of 84Kr and 132Xe show no systematic variation with depth, and correlated directly with the SiO2 content and inversely with the CaCO3 content. Leaching experiments to remove CaCO3 confirmed that siliceous fossils were better adsorbers of heavy noble gases than calcareous fossils. Very high 3He/4He ratios of 0.7 × 10-4 and 1.3 × 10-4 were observed in these leached samples.
A Hybrid Dynamical Evolutionary Algorithm for Classification Rule Discovery

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper studies hybrid dynamical evolutionary algorithm in the context of classification rule discovery. Nature inspired search algorithms such as genetic algorithms, Ant colonies and particle swarm optimization have been previously studied on data mining tasks, in particular, classification rule discovery. We extended this work by applying a hybrid algorithm which combines dynamical evolutionary algorithm and hill climbers and PSO, in same type of classification tasks. Our research focused on studying the hybrid algorithm of performance enhancements in classification rule discovery tasks. In this paper, we developed a hybrid algorithm based classifier and implemented different variations of it in Java. The algorithm has been benchmarked against the well-known decision tree induction algorithm C4.5. Results have been compared in terms of prediction accuracy,speed and comprehensibility. Our results showed that,the hybrid dynamical evolutionary algorithm based classifiers can compete with C4.5 in terms of prediction accuracy on certain data sets and outperform C4.5 in general in terms of comprehensibility. We also showed that hybrid algorithm could bring improvements in terms of execution speed in comparison to plain heuristic based classifiers.
Neuroleptics with differential affinities at dopamine D2 receptors and sigma receptors affect differently the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate‐induced increase in intracellular calcium concentration: Involvement of protein kinase

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study examined the effect of chronic antipsychotic treatment on the NMDA-elicited changes in intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in the primary culture of rat frontal cortical neurons. Antipsychotics used in the study were chosen for their differential affinities at dopamine D2 receptors and sigma receptors. The potential involvement of protein kinases in this action of antipsychotics were also examined. Chronic treatment of cells with antipsychotics (sulpiride, clozapine, and chlorpromazine) which are known to be potent dopamine D2 receptor ligands, whereas possessing low or no appreciable affinity for sigma receptors, caused a dose-dependent potentiation of the NMDA-induced increase in [Ca2+]i. On the contrary, haloperidol, which is as potent a sigma receptor ligand as a dopamine D2 receptor ligand, did not affect the NMDA-elicited increase in [Ca2+]i. Sulpiride increased the maximum effect afforded by different concentrations of NMDA and shifted the dose–response curve of NMDA to the left (EC50 value from 12.5 μM to 1.39 μM). Consistent with sulpiride's affinity at dopamine D2 receptors, this action of sulpiride was stereoselective: S(−)-sulpiride was active whereas R(+)-sulpiride was inactive. Treatment of cells with dopamine (3 μM) tends to decrease the NMDA-induced increase in [Ca2+]i. Sulpiride at 1 μM totally abolished this action of dopamine and restored its potentiating action on the NMDA-induced increase in [Ca2+]i. Haloperidol, a potent dopamine D2 and sigma receptor ligand, did not affect the sulpiride's potentiating action on the NMDA-induced responses. On the other hand, chronic treatment of cells with a sigma receptor agonist, DTG, at a concentration producing no effect of its own (10 nM), led to an enhancement of the potentiating effect of sulpiride on NMDA-induced increase in [Ca2+]i. This action of DTG was abolished by haloperidol. Further, chronic, but not acute, treatment of cells with either a protein kinase inhibitor H-7 or a cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) inhibitor H-89 abolished this effect of sulpiride on the NMDA-induced [Ca2+]i changes. These results indicate that the action of NMDA in the primary cortical neurons are regulated differently by ligands with differential affinities at dopamine D2 and sigma receptors. The results with protein kinase inhibitors indicate that the potentiation of NMDA responses by sulpiride involves intracellular biochemical events. Synapse 31:20–28, 1999. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Expanding the phenotype of Harel‐Yoon syndrome: A case report suggesting a genotype/phenotype correlation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Harel‐Yoon syndrome (HAYOS) is a unique neurodevelopmental genetic disorder characterized by hypotonia, spasticity, intellectual disability, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and global developmental delay. It primarily results from mutations in the ATAD3A gene, pivotal for mitochondrial function. This report presents a 5‐year‐old girl with HAYOS harboring a de novo heterozygous variant c.1064G>A; (p.G355D) in ATAD3A . Her clinical profile includes delayed milestones, hypotonia, spastic quadriplegia, and ptosis. Notably, dermatologic anomalies such as hypopigmentation, café au lait macules, and freckling are observed, expanding the known phenotype of HAYOS. The inclusion of dermatologic features challenges our understanding of the syndrome and emphasizes the importance of further research to elucidate the molecular connections between ATAD3A mutations and dermatologic manifestations.
Self-supervised Multi-view Stereo via Effective Co-Segmentation and Data-Augmentation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recent studies have witnessed that self-supervised methods based on view synthesis obtain clear progress on multi-view stereo (MVS). However, existing methods rely on the assumption that the corresponding points among different views share the same color, which may not always be true in practice. This may lead to unreliable self-supervised signal and harm the final reconstruction performance. To address the issue, we propose a framework integrated with more reliable supervision guided by semantic co-segmentation and data-augmentation. Specially, we excavate mutual semantic from multi-view images to guide the semantic consistency. And we devise effective data-augmentation mechanism which ensures the transformation robustness by treating the prediction of regular samples as pseudo ground truth to regularize the prediction of augmented samples. Experimental results on DTU dataset show that our proposed methods achieve the state-of-the-art performance among unsupervised methods, and even compete on par with supervised methods. Furthermore, extensive experiments on Tanks&Temples dataset demonstrate the effective generalization ability of the proposed method.
On the generalized VIP time integral methodology for transient thermal problems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The paper describes the development and applicability of a generalized VIrtual-Pulse (VIP) time integral method of computation for thermal problems. Unlike past approaches for general heat transfer computations, and with the advent of high speed computing technology and the importance of parallel computations for efficient use of computing environments, a major motivation via the developments described in this paper is the need for developing explicit computational procedures with improved accuracy and stability characteristics. As a consequence, a new and effective VIP methodology is described which inherits these improved characteristics. Numerical illustrative examples are provided to demonstrate the developments and validate the results obtained for thermal problems.
The Prognostic Value of Fibroblastic Foci Quantity in Patenets with Usual Interstitial Pneumonia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) is a progressive fibrous lung disease with occasional fatal outcomes. However, the extent and rate of progression varies markedly from one patient to another. As a result, it is difficult to determine the time of the initial treatment and assess the disease activity and course. Fibroblast foci (FF) is well known to synthesize collagen actively by their myofibroblasts component. However, the prognostic value of the FF have not been evaluated in patients with UIP. Therefore this study was undertaken to determine how the number of fibroblastic foci can reflect the disease activity and progression. Methods Twenty patients with UIP(M:F=13:7), who were diagnosed by a surgical lung biopsy. The number of fibroblastic foci was analyzed in terms of its correlation with the clinical manifestations. pulmonary function test, arterial blood gas analysis, and a bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL). Results The number of fibroblastic foci did not correlate with the various lung function tests and the other clinical parameters. Intersetingly, the percentage of neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid did correlate with the quantity of the normalized Vv of FF(r=0.60, p<0.05). The patients were divided into 2 groups, group I and II, arbitratily, according to the value of the normalized Vv. The clinical parameters and the PFT results were not different between the two groups. In particular, the survival rate between the two groups according to the Kaplan-Meier analysis were not different. Conclusion A large number of FF does not imply a bad prognosis in patients wit UIP.
Effect of Gamma Rays and Salinity on Growth and Chemical Composition of Ambrosia maritima L. Plants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This work was achieved in pots at the wire house of the National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT) during the two successive seasons of 2007/2008 and 2008/2009. The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of gamma irradiation doses (0, 20, 40 and 80 Gy) on damssisa plants (Ambrosia maritima L.) under salt stress after sowing in (3:2, sand: loamy) soils with mixture of salts. The mixture of salts was sodium chloride, calcium chloride and magnesium sulfate at the ratio of 2:2:1. Three concentrations of the used mixture were prepared; 2000, 4000 and 6000 ppm. It was observed that irradiation of damsissa seeds with 40 or 80 Gy increased plant tolerance to salinity comparing to control, concerning plant height, fresh and dry weights and photosynthetic pigments. This increase was often significant with low concentration of salinity. On the other hand, sowing seeds in 6000 ppm concentration decreased all the previous measurements. Also, it was noticed that radiation alleviates the adverse effect of salinity by increasing total sugar and total soluble phenols in shoots of damsissa plants.
From Digital Divide to Social Inclusion: A Tale of Mobile Platform Empowerment in Rural Areas

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The digital divide in rural areas is an important social issue, especially in developing countries. Although Internet and broadband penetration have increased in the world generally, there are many obstacles for rural China to get access to ICT (Information and Communication Technology) and its services. The mobile platform is regarded as a novel and effective tool to reduce the digital divide. Based on a case of one mobile platform, namely WeCountry in Chinese rural areas, this study illustrates how a mobile platform bridges the digital divide and helps rural areas achieve social inclusion. Results show that: (1) the mobile platform mainly acts on the digital capability divide elimination, and it has to guide and increase users’ usage capability; (2) the mobile platform can empower villagers in structural, psychological, and resource dimensions, achieving political inclusion, social participation inclusion, and economic inclusion; (3) platform providers and government are key organizations during the divide elimination process. This paper concludes with theoretical and practical implications.
Quantifying the intensity of permethrin insecticide resistance in Anopheles mosquitoes in western Kenya

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The development and spread of resistance among local vectors to the major classes of insecticides used in Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) and Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) poses a major challenge to malaria vector control programs worldwide. The main methods of evaluating insecticide resistance in malaria vectors are the WHO tube bioassay and CDC bottle assays, with their weakness being determination of resistance at a fixed dose for variable populations. The CDC bottle assay using different insecticide dosages has proved applicable in ascertaining the intensity of resistance. We determined the status and intensity of permethrin resistance and investigated the efficacy of commonly used LLINs (PermaNet® 2.0, PermaNet® 3.0 and Olyset®) against 3–5 day-old adult female Anopheles mosquitoes from four sub-counties; Teso, Bondo, Rachuonyo and Nyando in western Kenya. Knockdown was assessed to 4 doses of permethrin; 1× (21.5 μg/ml), 2× (43 μg/ml), 5× (107.5 μg/ml) and 10× (215 μg/ml) using CDC bottle assays. Mortality for 0.75% permethrin ranged from 23.5% to 96.1% in the WHO tube assay. Intensity of permethrin resistance was highest in Barkanyango Bondo, with 84% knockdown at the 30 min diagnostic time when exposed to the 10× dose. When exposed to the LLINs, mortality ranged between— 0–39% for Olyset®, 12–88% for PermaNet® 2.0 and 26–89% for PermaNet® 3.0. The efficacy of nets was reduced in Bondo and Teso. Results from this study show that there was confirmed resistance in all the sites; however, intensity assays were able to differentiate Bondo and Teso as the sites with the highest levels of resistance, which coincidentally were the two sub-counties with reduced net efficacy. There was a reduced efficacy of nets in areas with high resistance portraying that at certain intensities of resistance, vector control using LLINs may be compromised. It is necessary to incorporate intensity assays in order to determine the extent of threat that resistance poses to malaria control.