jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sub-Megahertz Single Photon Source Suitable for Quantum Memories

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text W. Y. S. Lau, M. Rambach, A. Nikolova, T. J. Weinhold, and A. G. White, "Sub-Megahertz Single Photon Source Suitable for Quantum Memories," in Frontiers in Optics 2016, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2016), paper FF2C.9. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
The clinical application of single-sperm-based SNP haplotyping for PGD of osteogenesis imperfecta

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder, presenting either autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive or X-linked inheritance patterns. The majority of OI cases are autosomal dominant and are caused by heterozygous mutations in either the COL1A1 or COL1A2 gene. In these dominant disorders, allele dropout (ADO) can lead to misdiagnosis in preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). Polymorphic markers linked to the mutated genes have been used to establish haplotypes for identifying ADO and ensuring the accuracy of PGD. However, the haplotype of male patients cannot be determined without data from affected relatives. Here, we developed a method for single-sperm-based single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) haplotyping via next-generation sequencing (NGS) for the PGD of OI. After NGS, 10 informative polymorphic SNP markers located upstream and downstream of the COL1A1 gene and its pathogenic mutation site were linked to individual alleles in a single sperm from an affected male. After haplotyping, a normal blastocyst was transferred to the uterus for a subsequent frozen embryo transfer cycle. The accuracy of PGD was confirmed by amniocentesis at 19 weeks of gestation. A healthy infant weighing 4,250 g was born via vaginal delivery at the 40th week of gestation. Single-sperm-based SNP haplotyping can be applied for PGD of any monogenic disorders or de novo mutations in males in whom the haplotype of paternal mutations cannot be determined due to a lack of affected relatives. Abbreviations: ADO: allele dropout; DI: dentinogenesis imperfect; ESHRE: European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology; FET: frozen embryo transfer; gDNA: genomic DNA; ICSI: intracytoplasmic sperm injection; IVF: in vitro fertilization; MDA: multiple displacement amplification; NGS: next-generation sequencing; OI: osteogenesis imperfect; PBS: phosphate buffer saline; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; PGD: preimplantation genetic diagnosis; SNP: single-nucleotide polymorphism; STR: short tandem repeat; TE: trophectoderm; WGA: whole-genome amplification.
Adaptive numerical solution of thick plates using first‐order shear deformation theory. Part II: Adaptivity

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This is the second in a pair of articles concerned with the adaptive finite element solution of Riessner‐Mindlin thick plates modeled using first‐order shear deformation theory. This article is concerned with enhancing the a posteriori energy‐error estimators developed in Part I in order to accomodate transition elements in the finite element mesh. The resulting estimators are then used in an adaptive finite element model employing transition elements and the subsequent results discussed and compared with those in Part I. A major part of the article is devoted to identifying a novel patch assembly node algorithm for using the ZZ recovery‐type estimator with transition elements. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 19: 227–253, 2003.
Splenic Hematopoietic and Stromal Cells in Cancer Progression

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Tumor-derived secretory factors orchestrate splenic hematopoietic and stromal cells to fuel metastasis. The spleen acts as a reservoir site for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, which are rapidly exploited as myeloid-derived suppressor cells at the cost of tumor-reactive lymphoid cells. Splenic erythroid progenitor cells and mesenchymal stromal cells contribute directly and indirectly to both tumor immune escape and the metastatic cascade. Animal models provide valuable mechanistic insights, but their translation to a clinical setting highlights specific challenges and open issues. In this review, we envision the exploitation of the spleen as a source for novel biomarkers and therapeutic approaches.
Evaluation of Magnetic Pad Sizes and Topologies for Electric Vehicle Charging

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Inductive power transfer is becoming increasingly popular in stationary electric vehicle charging systems due to improved designs. However, such optimizations are normally performed for matched topologies which are similarly sized, over constant air gaps and without significant misalignment. In a real situation where the primary and secondary pads may not be matched and may be misaligned, pad designs must take into consideration coupling factors, leakage fluxes, pad quality factors, reflected impedance, and size. This paper analyzes the effects which variations in pad sizes, topologies, and displacements in three dimensions has on these parameters. It was found that solenoid pads should not be used as a primary pad due to high leakage fluxes, low native quality factors, and the fact that they are not fully interoperable over the whole desired range of use. Bipolar pad primaries are able to couple to any secondary pad over the entire range of use required and tend to have high native quality factors. Nonpolarized pads tend to have the lowest leakage fluxes but also low coupling. Suggestions on techniques to optimize these pads have also been included.
Engineering terpenoid oxidation by cytochrome P450BM3 for fine chemical synthesis

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

P450BM3 (CYP102A1) has a unique structure of having the electron-transfer reductase domain fused to the haem monooxygenase domain. The intramolecular electron transfer process makes P450BM3 catalytically self-sufficient and promotes high turnover rates. P450 enzymes activate C−H bonds via the insertion of an oxygen atom from atmospheric dioxygen and play key roles in the biosynthesis of endogenous compounds (terpenes, alkaloids and steroids). Oxygenated terpenoid compounds have desirable properties such as aromas, flavours and medicinal effects. The initial oxygenation step in terpenoid biosynthesis from the terpene precursors is invariably catalysed by a P450 enzyme. Chapter 3 describes the engineering and application of P450BM3 variants to develop efficient, two-step chemo-enzymatic synthesis routes to high value the norisoprenoid and isoprenoid aroma compounds b-damascenone, tabanone isomers, and rose oxide by late-stage C−H activation. The generation of diverse metabolites of common steroids via P450-catalysed direct C−H activation has important applications in the synthesis of steroidal agents for drug screening and development. Chapter 4 describes the engineering of P450BM3 for the mono- and di-hydroxylation of androstenedione (AD), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and testosterone (TST). To design altered steroid binding orientations to broaden the regioselectivity, the structures of wild type P450BM3 and the steroid aromatase CYP19A1 are overlaid to identify key regions for scanning glycine mutagenesis which greatly expanded the product range of AD, DHEA and TST. In Chapter 5, more steroidal compounds are screened to show hydroxylation at multiple sites with high regio- and stereo-selectivity for androsterone (AN), epi-androsterone (EAN), progesterone (PROG) and pregnenolone (PREG).
Measurements of energetic ions emitted from laser produced plasma by means of solid state nuclear track detectors of the PM-355 type

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The iodine laser PALS operated at the fundamental 1ωo and third harmonic 3ωo frequencies (wavelengths 1315 nm and 438 nm, respectively) was used for the generation of plasmas of various Z-number targets. The investigation was performed at energies up to 800 J and 250 J for 1ωo and 3ωo, respectively, in the 400 ps pulses. In these conditions attention has been paid to the application of the solid state nuclear track detectors of the PM-355 type for measurements of parameters of ions emitted from the laser produced plasmas. Detector samples were masked with different Al-foil filters for making possible a rough estimation of ion energy. Track densities of the order of magnitude >107 tracks cm−2 were observed on the uncovered detectors and on detectors masked with 0.75 and 1.5 μm thick Al-foils. It confirms that Ag-, and Ta-ions of energy in the MeV range were emitted from the targets irradiated with the laser pulses. The ion streams were estimated on the basis of the track densities for different experimental conditions. The results were compared with those obtained with the use of ion collectors.
Planar array antenna coupled InGaAs/InAlAs multi-quantum well optical modulator for 60 GHz band millimeter wave signals

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A Fe-InP-based planar array antenna-coupled InGaAs/InAlAs multiple quantum well (MQW) optical phase modulator is proposed and demonstrated for radio over fiber (RoF) applications with 60 GHz-band millimeter-wave wireless signals. The modulator comprises five types of five-layer asymmetric coupled quantum wells (FACQWs) and a two-element array antenna. The FACQWs are designed to have a significant electric-field-induced refractive index change with small electric fields induced in the antenna. In the fabricated modulator, a carrier-to-sideband ratio (CSR) of up to 45.9 dB was successfully obtained at a power density of 11 W/m 2 , corresponding to a phase shift of 10.1 mrad. Furthermore, data transmission of a 2 GHz modulated wave with a 60 GHz wireless carrier wave was demonstrated.
An Analysis of the Multifaceted Roles of Heme in the Pathogenesis of Cancer and Related Diseases

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Heme is an essential prosthetic group in proteins and enzymes involved in oxygen utilization and metabolism. Heme also plays versatile and fascinating roles in regulating fundamental biological processes, ranging from aerobic respiration to drug metabolism. Increasing experimental and epidemiological data have shown that altered heme homeostasis accelerates the development and progression of common diseases, including various cancers, diabetes, vascular diseases, and Alzheimer’s disease. The effects of heme on the pathogenesis of these diseases may be mediated via its action on various cellular signaling and regulatory proteins, as well as its function in cellular bioenergetics, specifically, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Elevated heme levels in cancer cells intensify OXPHOS, leading to higher ATP generation and fueling tumorigenic functions. In contrast, lowered heme levels in neurons may reduce OXPHOS, leading to defects in bioenergetics and causing neurological deficits. Further, heme has been shown to modulate the activities of diverse cellular proteins influencing disease pathogenesis. These include BTB and CNC homology 1 (BACH1), tumor suppressor P53 protein, progesterone receptor membrane component 1 protein (PGRMC1), cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), and nitric oxide synthases (NOS). This review provides an in-depth analysis of heme function in influencing diverse molecular and cellular processes germane to disease pathogenesis and the modes by which heme modulates the activities of cellular proteins involved in the development of cancer and other common diseases.
Does the tutors' academic background influence the learning objectives in problem-based learning?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Problem-based learning (PBL) is an essential element of the curriculum of the Medical University of Vienna (MUV) and is performed in an eight steps model with: clarifying, defining, analysing, shifting & sorting, identifying learning objectives, going to learn and coming back to talk and feedback. With an annual intake of up to 740 students the MUV has to recruit PBL tutors from various academic backgrounds including undergraduate near-peer students. Therefore, we were interested to see whether a tutor's academic background had an influence on the resulting PBL sessions as reflected by the percentage of learning objectives (LOs) which were actually achieved in relation to the intended LOs. Methods: For each PBL session "intended learning objectives" (ILOs) were defined. ILOs were communicated to all tutors by means of PBL session guides in order to provide homogenous learning opportunities to all students. However, it was not mandatory to reach all ILOs. The PBL coordination regarded a range of two thirds to three quarters of ILOs as a desirable goal. For analysis we retrieved data concerning ILOs, characteristics of tutors and PBL groups from the institution's PBL quality assurance system. Results: From 2012-2014, 216 PBL groups were facilitated by 106 tutors with different academic backgrounds. On average, 70.8% (95% CI: 69.2-72.5%) of the ILOs were achieved; MUV clinicians reached 74.3% (70.8-77.8%), MUV non-clinicians 74.2% (71.7-76.6%), external faculty (clinicians and non-clinicians) 68.6% (64.4-72.8%), and near-peer students 64.7% (61.8-67.7%). Statistically significant differences were found between near-peer students and MUV clinicians (p<.001) as well as MUV non-clinicians (p<.001). Conclusions: ILOs were reached within a satisfactory range. However, groups taught by near-peer students reached significantly fewer ILOs than groups taught by MUV faculty tutors. This finding raises the question whether tutor training for near-peer students should be intensified. Also, further research is needed to explore the group dynamics of student-led PBL groups.
Interaction of Prothrombin with Phospholipids Monolayers in Presence of Ca**.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The activation rate of Prothrombin and its conversion into thrombin through a proteolytic degradation is enhanced by phospholipids in the presence of Ca++. In this work, we could elucidate stoechiomet rio and structural aspects of the interaction between prothrombin. phospholipids and Ca++. We studied the adsorption equilibria of Ca++ and of prothrombin un phospholipids monolayers by a new approach which comoines two complementary methods of surface measurement. Electrochemical investigations on lipid monolayer interacting with prothrombin showed penetration of prothrombin in presence or not of Ca++ (by increasing the lipid layer capacitance). with a preferential orientation. The adsorption of Ca++ and prothrombin to the lipid layer was measured by counting the surface radioactivity of 45Ca and 3H-prothrombin. Synergetic attachment of Ca++ and prothrombin to the phospholipid water interface was observed and the number of Ca++ per attached prothromoin was determinen. The two methods give comparative results for the proposed ionic-hydrophobic interaction.
ALAM SEMESTA MENURUT STEPHEN HAWKING BERDASARKAN BUKU A BRIEF HISTORY OF TIME

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Penelitian ini bertujuan 1) mendeskripsikan alam semesta menurut Stephen Hawking berdasarkan Buku A Brief History of Time 2) mendeskripsikan bagaimana relevansi alam semesta menurut Stephen Hawking berdasarkan buku A Brief History of Time terhadap fisika, filsafat, dan pendidikan sekolah menengah.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kajian pustaka dengan model penelitian analisis isi (content analysis) dan metode penelitian dokumentatif dengan sumber primer buku A Brief History of Time: From Big Bang to Black Holes karya Hawking tahun 1988 dan terjemahan buku A Brief History of Time: From Big Bang to Black Holes yang diterjemahkan ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia dengan judul Riwayat Sang Kala: Dari Dentuman Besar hingga Lubang Hitam oleh A. Hadyana Pudjaatmaka tahun 1995.
Hasil penelitian yang telah dikembangkan berupa deskripsi Alam Semesta menurut Stephen Hawking. Deskripsi ini meliputi Gagasan alam Semesta Hawking Klasik menggunakan Teori Relativitas Klasik yang menyatakan bahwa alam semesta berawal dengan singularitas kemudian berakhir dengan singularitas dan deskripsi Gagasan Alam Semesta Modern menggunakan Teori Relativitas yang telah dimasukkan Teori Mekanika Kuantum di dalamnya menyatakan bahwa alam semesta tidak terbatas dalam ruang dan tidak ada singularitas di alam semesta dengan menggunakan waktu imajiner dalam pengoperasian metrik Euklid untuk memetakan alam semesta. Selain itu, hasil penelitian ini berupa deskripsi bagaimana relevansi Gagasan Alam Semesta Hawking terhadap fisika, filsafat, dan pendidikan sekolah menengah. Terhadap fisika yaitu, menambah wawasan tentang kejadian sebelum Big Bang, mengandung syarat awal pengetahuan untuk mempelajari astrofisika tingkat lanjut dan jalan awal untuk menemukan Teori Terpadu. Terhadap filsafat yaitu, Hawking memisahkan sains dan agama. Menurut Hawking, dogma-dogma agama hanya akan membatasi perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan. Terhadap jenjang sekolah menengah yaitu, sebagai syarat awal untuk dasar pengetahuan fisika teoritis, astrofisika, maupun fisika partikel.
Tagore’s Ideas of Patriotism with Reference to Gora

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Nationalism and patriotism often attracts attention and imagination of people. But Rabindranath Tagore was known critique of the traditional concept of Nationalism which he thought was a western import. The multiple meanings of Nationalism and patriotism gets newer definitions in the character study of the novel Gora. The political ideologues Tagore and his Cosmopolitan Humanism gets fleashed out through his writings often. This paper, in trying to understand Rabindranath Tagore’s reservations against nationalism and his concept of patriotism, tries to perceive the nature of nationalism in reference to his novel Gora. Finally looks at the criticism led against Tagore’s ideas of nationalism and how he answered them.
The association between moderate and vigorous physical activity and time to medical clearance to return to play following sport-related concussion in youth ice-hockey players

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective The objective of this study was to determine if youth ice-hockey players who perform more moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during recovery take longer to achieve medical clearance to return to play (RTP). Design Cohort study. Setting Sport Medicine Centre, Alberta, Canada. Participants Thirty youth ice-hockey players [25 males, 5 females, median age 14 years (range 12–17)] presenting to a sport medicine clinic within 4 days (range 2–20 days) of sustaining a sport-related concussion diagnosed by a sport medicine physician. Exposure Participants MVPA during the first three days following their initial appointment was measured using a waist worn Actigraph accelerometer. MVPA was dichotomized into high (≥45 minutes) and low (<45 minutes) activity based on the median daily MVPA. Outcome The primary outcome was time (days) to medical clearance to RTP. Results All thirty participants performed at least some MVPA over the first three days, despite physician instruction to initially rest following the concussion. Players performing low levels of MVPA reached medical clearance in a median of 15 days (range: 10–30 days). Players performing high levels of MVPA reached medical clearance in a median of 19 days (range: 12–55 days). The low level MVPA group reached medical clearance significantly sooner than the high activity group (log-rank chi 2 =5.27, p=0.02). Conclusions More time in MVPA during the first three days after initial assessment is significantly associated with greater time to medical clearance to RTP. Future research is needed to better understand the optimal amount and timing of MVPA for concussion recovery. Competing interests None.
Antiretroviral Therapy in Walvis Bay, Namibia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Highly Active Antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is a successful means of treating infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Namibia was among the first countries in sub-Saharan Africa to achieve universal access to HAART for HIV-positive citizens through the public sector. In this thesis, I explore treatment outcomes in Walvis Bay, a busy port city at Namibia’s coast. I find that gender is the most important factor shaping HAART, with women reporting for testing and treatment in greater numbers than men, sooner in the course of their illness, and enjoying lower mortality after treatment initiation. There are no compelling biological explanations for this distribution; I postulate a series of socio-cultural and political-ecological factors driving outcomes in Walvis Bay. In particular, changing gender roles and different points of entry into care are important at the individual level. I describe a ‘toxic masculinity’ that, however fragile, actively interferes with testing, treatment, and health-seeking behavior. Female identity, conversely, emerges as altogether more stable and more suited to the clinical and social demands of HAART. More broadly, actions are shaped by large-scale processes of urbanization and globalization, and especially the effects these have on labour, subsistence, and culture change. I conclude by suggesting modifications to the rollout program that may help to distribute the benefits of HAART more equitably through the treatment population. This research has important implications for other countries in sub-Saharan Africa as they gradually move toward universal access to HAART. More generally, it may presage future challenges of globalization and infectious disease.
EXERCISE DELAYS THE HYPOXIC-HYPOTHERMIC RESPONSE

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Exercise during the initial exposure to high altitude results in an exacerbation of acute mountain sickness in humans. The mechanism responsible remains unknown. Sustained exposure to hypoxia results in an initial decrease in body temperature (Tb) followed by a return to baseline in rats. The initial drop in Tb may be neuro-protective. We hypothesized that exercise during the initial phase of hypoxia would counteract the hypoxic-hypothermic response (HHR). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into exercise (EX, n = 6) or sedentary groups (SED, n = 4). Tb was measured with implanted Mini-mitter telemetry probes. Animals underwent a 24 hour control (normaoxia) period, followed by a 24 hour hypoxia (10% O2) period at an ambient T of 25 °C. During the initial 6 hours of hypoxia, EX animals walked (10m/min) on a treadmill (30min on/30 min off), followed by 18 hours of rest. SED animals were exposed to 24 hours of hypoxia with no exercise. During the initial 6 hours of hypoxia, Tb in SED animals decreased compared to baseline (38.2 ± 0.1 (SD) vs. 36.1 ± 1.1 °C, P = .027), whereas no change was observed in the EX animals (37.6 ± 0.1 vs. 37.6 ± 1.3 °C). Following the cessation of exercise, Tb decreased in EX animals and reached a similar nadir in Tb as SED animals (34.8 ± 1.6 vs. 34.8 ± 0.6 °C, respectively). Thus, the time to attain the Tb nadir following hypoxia exposure was significantly longer in EX compared to SED animals (10.9 ± 1.4 vs. 5.9 ± 2.2 hours respectively, P = .002). We conclude that exercise during the initial exposure to hypoxia in rats delays, but does not prevent, the HHR. Whether the exercise delay in lowering Tb is sufficient to cause more pronounced neuro-pathology remains to be determined. Supported by the American Lung Association of New York.