jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Rashba-induced spin scattering at graphene edges

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate theoretically the behavior of electron spin states near graphene edges at low temperature in the presence of an external electric field. The graphene Hamiltonian is solved directly in the low energy regime including the Rashba spin-orbit interaction. Spin propagation in graphene and spin reflection at the edge are explored by calculating the probability of spin flips between the final and initial states. The spin scattering at the edge is affected by the initial location and the propagating direction of the electron with respect to the edge. Results for an example device structure including the effects of the non-uniform electrostatic field and potential near the graphene edge are presented.
Postsecondary English Language Teachers’ Concerns about Teaching Students with Disabilities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The implementation of inclusive education—education for all—is complicated in language learning contexts due to the unique barriers that students with disabilities (SWDs) can encounter when learning a foreign language. In addition, teachers’ views on inclusive education are critical in ensuring its full and proper implementation. Therefore, there is a clear need to understand English language teachers’ (ELTs’) concerns about teaching such students. This study used the critical incident technique (Flanagan, 1954) to interview 13 ELTs working at the postsecondary level in Japan about their concerns about teaching SWDs. Thematic analysis using the constant comparative method (Glaser, 1965) revealed 12 concerns, with the two most common being concern for issues related to diagnosis and/or disclosure and curricular constraints, both of which were frequently connected to concern for institutional barriers to inclusion. A discussion of local contextual factors and suggestions on how to reduce these concerns conclude the paper. インクルーシブ教育（すべての人のための教育）の実施は、外国語を学習する際に障害を持つ学生（SWD）が遭遇する特殊な障壁のために、言語学習の文脈において 複雑である。さらに、インクルーシブ教育の完全かつ適切な実施を保障するためには、インクルーシブ教育に対する教師の見方が重要である。したがって、こうした 学生を教える際の英語教師（ELT）の懸念を理解する必要があるといえる。本研究では、クリティカル・インシデント技法（Flanagan, 1954）を用いて、日本の中等教育修了後のレベルで働く13人のELTに、SWDの指導に関する懸念についてインタビューを行った。継続的な比較法（Glaser, 1965）を用いた主題分析により、12の懸念事項が明らかになったが、その中で最も多かったのは、診断や情報開示に関する問題への懸念とカリキュラム上の制約の2つであり、この2つは、インクルージョンに対する制度的障壁への懸念と頻繁に関連していた。 特定文脈の要因についての考察と、これらの懸念を軽減する方法についての提言を本稿の結びとする。
Raw data.Bone marrow-derived cells for engineered tissue capsules in a rat model of chronic kidney disease. Immunohistochemistry, RNA expression and lab. values per experimental animal.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Contribution of bone marrow-derived cells to in situ engineered tissue capsules in a rat model of chronic kidney disease. Tissue engineered blood vessels (TEBVs) hold great promise for clinical use in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring vascular access for hemodialysis. Our group has previously developed a way to generate TEBVs in situ, by utilizing foreign body response to polymeric rods that are implanted subcutaneously (Rothuizen TC, Rotmans JI et.al, Biomaterials. 2016 Jan). In the present study, we aimed to investigate the origin of the cells in the tissue capsules (TCs) that are formed around the implanted rods. In addition, we aimed to study the effect of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on TC formation. For this purpose, we utilized a rat model of CKD, which we combined with a BM-transplantation using GFP-labeled cells. These experiments revealed that both bone-marrow derived- as well as tissue resident inflammatory cells contribute to TC formation. In addition, we show that macrophages serve as precursors of myofibroblasts in mature TCs. The presence of CKD did not significantly alter the process of TC formation, which holds the potential to support our approach for future clinical use in hemodialysis patients. The raw data files contain data on each experimental animal for immunohistochemical analysis, RNA expression and laboratory measurements (blood urine nitrogen, creatinine, %of GFP+ bone marrow derived cells) of experimental model. In addition, files include data on statistical tests used in this work such as column statistics and Mann-Whitney test. All data is presented as text documents and was transferred from GraphPad Prism 7.03 program which was used for data analysis.
Pengaruh Kondisi Keuangan, Kualitas Audit, Kepemilikan Institusional Dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Opini Audit Going Concern Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Subsektor Metal And Allied Products Tahun 2017-2021

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of profitability on going concern audit opinions in Metal and Allied Products Sub-Sector Manufacturing companies in 2017-2021. The number of research samples is 13 manufacturing companies in the Metal and Allied Products sub-sector. Data analysis technique using logistic regression analysis. The results showed that financial condition and audit quality had a significant negative effect on going concern audit opinion. Institutional ownership and profitability have no significant positive effect on going concern audit opinion. Financial condition, audit quality, institutional ownership, and profitability have a significant effect on going concern audit opinion.
Fully Homomorphic Encryption with Matrix based Public Key Crypto Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this work, a novel mechanism is considered for asymmetric mode of encrypting data. A generator matrix is used to generate a field with a large prime number. The generator matrix, prime number and quaternary vector are used as global variables. Those global variables are used to calculate public key and also sub keys which in turn are used in the ElGamal mode of encryption. The decryption of data is done with Private Key. The proposed algorithm supports the features like authenticity of users, security & confidentiality of data transmitted. The mechanism can well be used in homomorphic encryption where computations are carried out on cipher text and generate an encrypted result which, when decrypted, matches the result of operations performed on the plaintext. Going by the construction of the algorithm, encryption is being done on blocks of data for which it consumes less computing resources. Going by complexity of the algorithm, the key length needed is much less to provide sufficient strength against crypto analysis.
Values: Reduction, Supervenience, and Explanation by Ascent

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract I doubt that there is one metaphysical status for values. To take just ethics, the status of prudential values is different, I suspect, from that of most moral values, and moral values are not uniform among themselves. For that reason, we should, at the start, choose one sort of value to concentrate on. I shall choose prudential values. I use ‘prudence’ in the philosopher's broad sense, in which it has to do with everything that makes an individual life, seen on its own, good. I concentrate on the prudential case for two reasons. First, it seems to me a bit easier than the moral one, while raising all the central meta-ethical questions. It is easier, I think, even though it is impossible to make a sharp cut between prudence and morals. And secondly, human interests hold a particularly basic place among values generally. They get us into the subject not only more easily but also at a deeper point. Also, I do not myself find it fruitful to separate meta-ethics and normative ethics for long. I think that their best hope for advance is to advance together. It is hard to decide on the reducibility, or supervenience, or reality of values without a fairly full idea of what is valuable and what arguments are actually available to us in deciding this. So my way into this meta-ethical subject is through some normative ethics.
The influence of Cyr61 siRNA on cell proliferation,apoptosis and invasion in human laryngeal cancer cell line Hep-2

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective:To explore the relationship between the expression of Cyr61 and the biological behaviors of human laryngeal cancer Hep-2 cells by decreasing Cyr61 gene expression by RNA interference.Methods:One pair of DNA template coding was synthesized against Hep-2 to reconstruct pRNA-Cyr61,which was transfected into Hep-2 cells.The Cyr61 expression in Hep-2 cells were transfected with pRNAT-Cyr61,and it was detected by RT-PCR.Western blot was used to observe the expression of Cyr61;MTT,Transwell and FCM were used to observe the biological behaviors of Hep-2 cells.Results:RT-PCR and Western blot analyses demonstrated that pRNAT-Cyr61 could significantly inhibit the expression of Cyr61 to 74.62% and 78.43% in Hep-2 cells;MTT,Transwell and FCM results showed that pRNAT-Cyr61 can significantly inhibit the proliferation by 68.22% and reduce the invasive cell numbers to(44.00±2.35).The occurrence of apoptosis increased significantly to 52.98% in Hep-2 cells in vitro.Conclusion:pRNAT-Cyr61 could significantly inhibit the expression of Cyr61,suppress the growth and invasion of Hep-2 cells and induce it apoptosis.
Photonic Armstrong method enabled by direct detection for wideband electrical PM generation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Wideband signal generation using frequency/phase modulation (FM/PM) is the key fundamental function for various applications such as radar and analog communication systems. It is well known that analog FM/PM communication systems can dramatically improve signal quality by spectral expansion. In classical communication theories, the Armstrong indirect method is one of the most popular methods for bandwidth expansion of FM signals. In the Armstrong method, a narrowband signal is converted to a broadband signal with the help of a nonlinear frequency multiplier. In this paper, we propose a photonic Armstrong method enabled by direct detection. By utilizing the nonlinearity caused by direct detection, we can increase bandwidth so that it is double that of the original signal in the photonic Armstrong method. Also, it completely eliminates signal-to-signal beat interference (SSBI) at the same time. We conducted an experiment to verify the concept and confirmed these advantages experimentally.
Complex dynamics in planar two-electron quantum dots

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We develop a sophisticated numerical approach in order to study effects of an anharmonic confinement potential on spectral properties of planar two-electron quantum dots. Influence of decoherence on the system is characterised by quantum fidelity. Entanglement of the harmonic model is considered in the non-interacting limit. We clarify the applicability, validity, and origin of Hund's first rule.
Russian-Ukrainian Conflict: International Humanitarian Law and Civilian Settlements

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The research analyzes the views of the International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and UN Charter violations in the case of the invasion of civilian settlements in the Russia-Ukraine conflict for justice. The conflict, which took place on February 24, 2022, has raised serious concerns about violations of the UN Charter and IHL and the protection of civilians. This research collected data and information from various primary and secondary sources, including reports of international organizations, legal documents, and journal analysis. A qualitative approach was used to analyze the impact of the invasion of civilian settlements on IHL in the case of the Russia and Ukraine case. The results show that the view of IHL in the context of the invasion of civilian settlements in the Russia-Ukraine case has caused great harm to civilians, ranging from damage to homes, infrastructure, and public facilities, including casualties. It also appears that Russia has ignored the guiding principles of the UN Charter. To overcome this problem, several steps can be taken. First, there is a need to increase understanding and awareness of IHL among all parties involved in the conflict. Second, increase efforts to maintain brotherhood between nations. Third, working together to assist in humanitarian terms in the event of armed conflict, famine, and starvation. The resulting policy implications and recommendations can be used as a guide for policymakers and practitioners to improve the humanitarian protection of civilians in the future.
Role of polyfunctional and proliferative CD8+ T cell responses in HIV-1 infection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The limited success of HIV vaccine candidates to date highlights our need to better characterize protective cell-mediated immunity. Understanding correlates CD8+ T cell protection against HIV infection and progressive disease is essential for informing effective vaccine development, design and evaluation. CD8+ T cell responses with a robust polyfunctional and proliferative component are strongly linked to better disease outcomes. However, the specificity of polyfunctional and proliferative CD8+ T cell responses has not been thoroughly investigated. Additionally, the specificity of memory subsets and their connection to polyfunctionality and proliferation responses has not been adequately assessed. We address these gaps in knowledge and provide a better understanding of the fine specificity of HIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses. We hypothesize that the epitopes recognized by central memory (TCM) and effector memory (TEM) CD8+ T cells, defined by functional attributes, differ in chronic HIV-1 infection. Additionally, we hypothesize that polyfunctional and proliferative responses will better correlate with protection in HIV disease progression. The qualities of CD8+ T cell responses were evaluated using polyfunctional flow cytometry measuring both functional and phenotypic attributes of both TEM and TCM subsets in HIV infected individuals. We evaluated the quality and evolution of CD8+ T cell responses in HIV infected individuals shortly after seroconversion through to the chronic phase of infection, finding that early polyfunctional responses may result in better HIV disease outcomes. Additionally, we show that epitope-specificity differs between short-term cytokine/chemokine secretion and long-term proliferative assays. Importantly, we show that, at a cohort level, particular epitopes preferentially elicit specific qualities of CD8+ T cell responses in preference to others. This research improves our understanding of HIV pathogenesis and indicates that we can identify specific epitopes that can elicit protective responses and that early polyfunctional responses may slow HIV disease progression. Understanding the polyfunctional and proliferative capacities of HIV-specific effector and memory cells at various stages of HIV infection is of critical importance to the design of vaccines intended to elicit protective cell-mediated responses.
Self-esteem of Rural Adolescent Students and its Relationship with Parenting Style

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examined the relationship between parenting style and self-esteem among students of one randomly selected higher secondary school of South 24 Parganas, West Bengal. The study involved 120 students and data was collected with John Buri’s Parenting Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) and Rosenberg self-esteem scale and data was analysed using Pearson correlation and descriptive statistics. In addition, most of students had normal level of selfesteem. Besides this, it was also found that there was a significant relationship between parenting style and self-esteem among students. Authoritarian parenting style in both parents had negative significant relationship with self-esteem of the students whereas authoritative parenting style in both parents had positive significant relationship with self-esteem of the students.
Ultrasound imaging measures of contraction characteristics of deep and superficial pelvic floor muscles differ during voluntary tasks

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aim: Pelvic floor muscles (PFM) are arranged in deep and superficial layers, Although the superficial layer is commonly considered with respect to sexual function, preliminary evidence shows coordinated contraction of layers during voluntary and involuntary tasks that challenge continence and organ support. This study aimed to investigate contraction characteristics of deep and superficial PFM layers across a range of tasks using transperineal ultrasound imaging (US). Methods:: Seventeen females without pelvic floor dysfunction participated. Displacement of pelvic floor landmarks produced by contraction of deep and superficial PFM was measured from US images recorded during: submaximal voluntary contractions (two different verbal instructions), maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), and a ramped Valsalva manoeuvre. Results:: Times of onset and peak displacement of superficial PFM were earlier (0.29–0.36 s) than deep PFM during submaximal and MVC (P ≤ 0.01). Displacement amplitude was greater during MVC than submaximal tasks for deep (P < 0.001) but not superficial (P > 0.42) PFM. Shortening of deep PFM was sustained for longer (24.5(29.9) s longer; P < 0.005) and with greater steadiness during the MVC. During the ramped Valsalva, superficial PFM lengthened for most participants, whereas deep PFM shortened. In this task, shortening (when present) was less than for MVC and submaximal contractions (P < 0.05) Conclusions:: Properties of contraction differed between deep and superficial PFM across tasks. In general, superficial PFM contracted rapidly but was poorly sustained, whereas deep PFM contracted slower but was maintained smoothly for long periods. These data of asymptomatic women provide a foundation to investigate contraction properties of these muscles in symptomatic populations.
Physical activity, posttraumatic stress, and gender: A longitudinal study of post-9/11 veterans

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Given the importance of physical activity (PA) for both physical and mental health, the present study characterizes post-9/11 veterans’ leisure-time PA engagement over time. Further, this study examines the relationship between PA and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), as well as whether this relation differs by gender and time since military discharge. This study was a secondary analysis of a 12-month longitudinal observational investigation of 410 (39.5% female) post-9/11 veterans. Participants completed self-report questionnaires at baseline and 12 months. Over a third of post-9/11 veterans were not engaging in any weekly leisure-time PA at study baseline and PA engagement significantly decreased in the subsequent year. The longitudinal relationship between PA and PTSS depended on both gender and time since military discharge. These results underscore the importance of considering both gender and time since discharge when tailoring interventions to support leisure-time PA as a key health habit in post-9/11 veterans.
[Use of Hoffman external fixation for extra-articular upper metaphysealtibial fractures].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Treatment of extra-articular upper metaphyseal tibial fractures can be difficult. Orthopedic treatment is frequently complicated by second displacement These fractures are inappropriate for locked intra-medullary nailing because of the shorteness of the proximal extremity. Damages of soft tissues. frequently associated with these factures, expose internal osteosynthesis to many risks. For these reasons, we opted for external fixation. Our study was a retrospective analysis of 46 extra-articular metaphyseal tibial fractures treated by external fixation with Hoffman material. The average follow-up was 24 months. Consolidation was obtained within 4 months in average. Septic complications. inherent to the method were uncommon or minor. Functional results were satisfactory in 84% of cases. So, external fixation with Hoffman material. with particular recommandations, is a promising method for the treatment of extra-articular of proximal metaphyseal tibial fractures.
Proceedings of the Fifty-fourth Annual Meeting Southeastern Branch - Entomological Society of America

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The 54th annual meeting of the Southeastern Branch, ESA, was held in the Royal d'Iberville Hotel, Biloxi, MS, Jan. 29–31, 1980. There were 431 registered, which included 292 full members, 5 emeritus members, 79 student members, and 52 guests. President Sam G. Turnipseed called the meeting to order at 9:00 a.m., Jan. 29. An invocation by Rev. Joseph Mercier and a welcome to the city by Ms. Judy Rush, representing the mayor, were given. The chairmen of the Local Arrangements Committee (Ray Beal) and the Program Committee (Tom Skelton) were called on for announcements.
Presentation and management of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma(IVLBCL)is a rare disease entity of non-Hodgkin lymphoma according to the current WHO classification.This rare form of B-cell lymphoma is characterized by selective growth of tumour cells in the lumina of small vessels of various organs.Strange characteristics of IVLBCL,including the absence of marked lymphoadenopathy and the usually aggressive clinical behaviour,result in the delay of timely and accurate diagnosis and fatal complications.Thus,the prognosis of IVLBCLis extremely poor.The success achieved with the anti-CD20 chimeric monoclonal antibody,rituximab,represets an important milestone in the clinical practice of B-cellLymphoma.An advantage of adding rituximab to conventional chemotherapies has been shown,in the process of increasing understanding of the clinical and pathological manifestations for IVLBCL.This review describes the cutting edge of research on IVLBCL,and discusses the unsolved issues from biological and clinical perspectives to provide a better understanding of this rare lymphoma.
Turkey coronavirus polymerase gene and genome transcription

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Turkey coronavirus (TCoV) is a group 3 coronavirus in the family Coronaviridae. However, little is known about TCoV genome and genome transcription. The objectives of this study were to investigate polymerase gene and genome transcription of TCoV. Sequences of polymerase gene and full-length genome of TCoV were completed for isolates 540 and ATCC. The genome contains 27749 nucleotides (nt) for 540 and 27816-nt for ATCC, excluding poly (A) tail. Thirteen open reading frames (ORF) were predicted for TCoV genome. Polymerase gene consists of ORF1a and ORF1b. Polyprotein 1a was predicted to be produced from ORF1a and polyprotein 1ab was produced from ORF1a and ORF1b via frameshift translation. Ten and fourteen nonstructure proteins were predicted and assigned to polyprotein 1a and 1ab, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed 86.3% genome sequence identity between TCoV and avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), another group 3 coronavirus, further supporting a close relationship between the two. Six subgenomic mRNAs (sgRNA) were transcribed by TCoV with sg3UTR as an unpredicted sgRNA for 3’ untranslated region (UTR). The discovery of sg3UTR reduced predicted 3’UTR from about 500-nt to 300-nt. Five sgRNA were detected for spike gene and all of them differentiate only at transcription-regulating sequence. The abundance of (−) sgRNA was more than that of (+) sgRNA in TCoV infected tissues. Non-structure protein 15 (nsp15) of TCoV polyprotein was a novel endoribonuclease (NendoU) preferring cleaving U-containing ssRNA. Unlike other NendoU, TCoV nsp15 did not cleave dsRNA and did not require manganese or other divalent metal ions as cofactor. The active form of TCoV nsp15 was a homohexamer in vitro. In conclusion, TCoV has its genome organization similar to that of IBV and produces six sgRNA.