jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy with primary anastomosis for experimental modeling in the nonhuman primate

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Laparoscopic colon surgery is performed frequently in the clinical setting for a multitude of reasons including cancer, infection, and autoimmune disease. As a result, extensive research has been conducted in relation to clinical outcomes after surgery, but more recently, in relation to the impact of surgery and other patient factors on physiologic homeostasis including the host microbiome. Despite this, experimental surgical models for laparoscopic colon surgery are scarce in the literature with most studies utilizing rodents. While rodent studies provide valuable insights into basic mechanistic processes, the translation of novel therapeutic approaches to clinical practice often requires the use of large animal models. In exploring the intricate systems biology linking surgery and medicine, sophisticated models such as nonhuman primates (NHPs) play a pivotal role. By closely resembling human anatomical, physiological, and behavioral characteristics, NHPs facilitate the development and refinement of complex surgical techniques and peri-operative practices. Furthermore, they enable longitudinal studies that comprehensively assess both immediate and long-term outcomes. The availability and utilization of multiple robust models enhance the validity of surgical research, leading to more successful translation to human clinical practice. Here we describe our technique for performing a laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy with a primary anastomosis in an NHP. The entire procedure was well tolerated without significant ventilation or hemodynamic issue. To our knowledge, this represents the first laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy with primary anastomosis performed in an NHP. Furthermore, this demonstrates the feasibility of the technique and provides a relevant, preclinical model for the study of surgical colon disease. Although the surgical colectomy model in NHPs closely resembles the clinical scenario, it is crucial to recognize that a ‘model’ inherently comes with limitations. The intended use of any model should be carefully evaluated concerning the target patient population with the consideration of potential disparities in anatomy, physiology, environmental factors, and disease to properly interpret results. This model provides an opportunity to study mechanisms, from a systems biology perspective, underlying both innovative surgical treatments and their effects on diseases such as colon cancer, as well as benign conditions like inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis, and anastomotic leak, offering high predictive value.
Relations in Hyperreflection Groups

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Hyperreflection groups Gm are generalizations of groups generated by reflections.A hyperreflection group is generated by hyperreflections if dim V is finite.A hyperreflection is a simple mapping o such that det o = y, where ym -1.If the field of scalars is commutative, the order of a is m.Our main result states that every relation between hyperreflections and their inverses is a consequence of relations of lengths 2, 4, and m.The most interesting special case occurs for m -2.Then our result refers to relations between reflections.
Theory for Invisible Thermal Sensors: Optimization Scheme

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Metamaterial-based devices have been extensively explored for their intriguing functions, such as cloaking, concentrating, rotating, and sensing. However, they are usually achieved by employing metamaterials with extreme parameters, critically restricting engineering preparation. In this chapter, we propose an optimization model with particle swarm algorithms to simplify parametric designs to realize bilayer thermal sensors composed of bulk isotropic materials (circular structure). For this purpose, the fitness function is defined to evaluate the difference between the actual and expected temperatures. By choosing suitable materials for different regions and treating the sensor, inner shell, and outer shell radii as design variables, we finally minimize the fitness function via particle swarm optimization. The designed scheme is easy to implement in applications and shows excellent performances in detective accuracy and thermal invisibility, which are confirmed by finite-element simulations and laboratory experiments. The optimization model can also be flexibly extended to a square case. This method can calculate numerical solutions for difficult analytical theories (circular structure) and optimal solutions for problems without analytical theories (such as square structure), providing new inspiration for simplifying the design of metamaterials in various communities.
Proces interpretacji w prawie według Stanleya Fisha

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The first part of this paper is dedicated to the analysis of what Oven Fiss and Ronald Dworkin have to say about the interpretation of law. The second part covers arguments of Stanley Fish, who is critical of both aforementioned scholars and supports a distinctive view on the process of interpretation. He is also viewed as having a deterministic perspective. In the end, the opinion of Fish turns out to be rather ambiguous as he sees solutions of Fiss and Dworkin as useful for practicing law, although quite wrong as descriptive theories.The summary deals with the nature of difference between Fish and Dworkin, as similar to difference between goals of attorneys and judges.
Reformpädagogik als eine Antwort auf die Modernisierungsprozesse am Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

After a prolonged absence of the topic of education reformers in the public discussion nowadays it’s obviously an increased interest in their approaches and models of performance. The theoretical reflections of the progressive education based on the ideas of the creative power of the child figuring in a mythical, romantic-coded image of the child as a genius. This conception was in opposite to the rigid forms of teaching, to every automatism of learning, against the authoritarian treating of teachers with students.
“Archival Bodies, Novel Interpretations, and the Burden of Margaret Cavendish”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay explores the myth-making function of archives, identifying the tensions and convergences between scholarly narratives and fictionalized biographies in readings of two contemporary novels featuring Margaret Cavendish. Both Danielle Dutton's Margaret the First and Siri Hustvedt's The Blazing World, A Novel feature the taint of madness that has haunted the Duchess of Newcastle's reputation for centuries, while offering radically different diagnoses and etiologies. By examining the origins and stubborn staying power of the now discredited moniker “Mad Madge,” the nickname by which Cavendish was once believed to have been known to her contemporaries, this essay seeks to reconsider the novelizing and pathologizing tendencies that can drive both scholarly and fictional treatments of early modern women.Keywords: Margaret Cavendish, Mad Madge, Siri Hustvedt, Danielle Dutton, archives, life-writing
Aldosterone, Sodium and Potassium in Essential Hypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Eighty-five patients with essential hypertension received a restricted sodium diet for 10 days. During the last 5 days sodium intake was increased by oral administration of an additional 300 mmol of NaCl. At the end of both periods blood pressure, plasma and urinary concentration of Na and K, and 24-hour secretion rate of aldosterone (ASR) were determined. ASR in the hypertensives was after NaCl loading slightly higher than that in 21 normotensive controls. Aldosterone secretion rates were highest in patients with the lowest plasma K levels after loading with NaCl. This relationship between ASR and potassium was not found after NaCl restriction. After both NaCl restriction and NaCl loading the plasma K concentrations were lowest in patients with the highest mean arterial pressures. From statistical analysis of the relations between plasma Na, plasma K, ASR and mean arterial pressure it seems highly unlikely that aldosterone plays a prime role in the relation between the height of the blood pressure and the concentration of plasma K in essential hypertension. Our data seem in line with the presence of a primary abnormality in electrolyte metabolism in essential hypertension and slight aldosteronism after salt loading as its sequela.
Politics of environmental law in relation to mining in Bangka Belitung: A mapping

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Legal policy is an official policy that is enforced by either adding new laws or by replacing old laws with new ones in order for a country to accomplish its goals. In environmental context, attention to legal policy becomes crucial, especially when associated with massive mining that takes place in some areas. In other words, mining activity in all its forms and operational methods is bound to be influenced by government’s environmental policies, including those in the form of laws and regulations. Since environment and mining affect each other, they are inseparable. The substances of environmental policies affect policies in the mining sector. Hence this normative study aims to do a mapping of environmental policies in regards to tin mining in Bangka Belitung. The data collection technique employed in this qualitative study was literature review, with laws and regulations as its primary data. This study used two approaches, namely statute approach and conceptual approach.
Architectural Potential of Data Representation: Modeling Physiological Processes

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This inter-disciplinary project, seeks to develop new displays for visually representing physiologic variables, to enhance a clinician’s ability to see and rapidly respond to critical events. A digital architectural visualization of an individual’s physiologic data is created in real time. It is both a probing and representational system that brings together science and art through architectural design. Supported by a 5-year grant from the NIH, the project’s goal is to create a coordinated and interactive hyper-representation that articulates physiologic data in a format that is easily and quickly understood. Raw data is obtained from existing medical equipment that measures human physiological signs using non-invasive techniques. Using this data 3-D objects are created in digital space that represent physiologic changes within the body and show functional relationships that aid in the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of critical event.
On the paper "Generalized hyperideals in locally associativeleft almost semihypergroups"

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This note is written to show that the definition of the ${\cal L}{\cal A}$-semihypergroup by V. Amjad, K. Hila and F. Yousafzai "Generalized hyperideals in locally associative left almost semihypergroups, New York J. Math. 2014" should be corrected and that it is not enough to replace the multiplication "$\cdot$" of an ${\cal L}{\cal A}$-semigroup by the hyperoperation "$\circ$" to pass from an ${\cal L}{\cal A}$-semigroup to an ${\cal L}{\cal A}$-semihypergroup. The two examples of the paper based on the definition of the ${\cal L}{\cal A}$-semihypergroup are wrong that is a further indication that this definition needs correction. According to the last section of the paper, the paper generalizes the results of an ${\cal L}{\cal A}$-semigroup by M. Akram, N. Yaqoob and M. Khan "On $(m,n)$-ideals of left almost semigroups, Appl. Math. Sci. (Ruse) 2013" while the paper duplicates, without citation, the section 4 of the paper by W. Khan, F. Yousafzai, W. Guo and M. Khan "On $(m,n)$-ideals of left almost semigroups, J. Semigroup Theory Appl. 2014" with the usual change of "$\cdot$" to "$\circ$".
Observation of the Coalescing of Beam Into an Asymmetric RF Bucket by Stochastic Cooling

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Antiprotons in the debuncher ring at Fermilab have been observed to be bunched outside of the 'barrier bucket' when cooled to small {Delta}p/p with the stochastic cooling. This bunching occurs in the same location as a very small stable bucket in the RF wave form. The stochastic cooling appears to be causing beam that is originally uniformly distributed to be captured by this stable bucket.
Challenges in Ventilation during Total Intravenous Anaesthesia in Patients with Laryngectomy Stoma: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The complete excision of the larynx, which includes the hyoid, epiglottis, and varying segments of the upper trachea, is known as a total laryngectomy. This procedure creates a defect that necessitates pharyngeal correction, as well as the formation of a permanent tracheostomy (tracheostome). Following a total laryngectomy, the trachea is brought to the skin as a stoma, and it is no longer anatomically connected to the digestive tract or oropharyngeal cavity. As a result, bag-mask ventilation, face masks, or nasal cannulas cannot effectively provide oxygen to the lungs. Intubation of the trachea from above the stoma via the oral or nasal route will also be unsuccessful. Hereby, the authors present a unique case of 73-year-old male patient with post-laryngectomy undergoing oesophageal dilation under Total Intravenous Anaesthesia (TIVA). Various challenges encountered while ventilating a patient with a laryngectomy stoma during TIVA has been discussed. Authors also emphasised various methods that can be considered for assisting ventilation in emergency scenarios
Pinpointing Pseurotins from a Marine-DerivedAspergillusas Tools for Chemical Genetics Using a Synthetic Lethality Yeast Screen

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A new compound of mixed polyketide synthase-nonribosomal peptide synthetase (PKS/NRPS) origin, 11- O-methylpseurotin A ( 1), was identified from a marine-derived Aspergillus fumigatus. Bioassay-guided fractionation using a yeast halo assay with wild-type and cell cycle-related mutant strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in the isolation of 1, which selectively inhibited a Hof1 deletion strain. Techniques including 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, optical rotation, J-based analysis, and biosynthetic parallels were used in the elucidation of the planar structure and absolute configuration of 1. A related known compound, pseurotin A ( 2), was also isolated and found to be inactive in the yeast screen.
Byron's 'Don Juan'

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Byron's 'Don Juan' Get access George Stronach George Stronach Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s10-VI, Issue 150, 10 November 1906, Page 369, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s10-VI.150.369e Published: 10 November 1906
Intensive family preservation services in Flanders: an outcome study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Set up as a one‐group pre‐test–post‐test follow‐up design, this study examines the outcomes of intensive family preservation services (IFPS) in Flanders addressing the following research questions: Does IFPS make a significant difference concerning (1) the interaction between parent and child? (2) social support as experienced by the parent? (3) stress and empowerment of the parent? and (4) the strengths and difficulties of the minor? Families seem to indicate that their family situation is more manageable, although still, professional help is needed. Parents feel more resilient about the situation and indicate that they can get along with their child better than before the crisis intervention. Parents still feel uncertain about the future and about their role as a parent. There seems to be no indications that their level and quality of social contacts have changed. Further research is suggested to provide more in‐depth information about the conditions associated with processes of change during an IFPS intervention.
Under attack? Public accounts of health inequalities and the social determinants of health in Scotland

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Scotland experiences higher mortality rates and larger health inequalities than other high-income countries, including the wider UK. The predominantly epidemiological evidence-base identifies deprivation, inequalities in wealth, deindustrialization, health behaviours and housing as important factors, while excess mortality has been attributed to a ‘political attack’ on the Scottish population in the late twentieth century. This paper synthesises 48 studies offering lay perspectives on the factors shaping health in Scotland, identified via systematic searches. The findings demonstrate that people with lived experience of disadvantage have a good understanding of the social determinants of health inequalities. We also identify five ways in which Scotland’s disadvantaged communities experience a sense of ‘attack’: the structural violence of poverty; disadvantageous national policies; ‘street level bureaucrats’ gatekeeping welfare support; local profiteers (e.g., unresponsive landlords); and interpersonal violence. We argue that these findings provide support for the ‘political attack’ hypothesis and that they suggest research and policy needs to better grapple with the depth of poverty, the intersectional nature of inequalities and the roles that history, narratives, crime, violence and policy implementation each play in shaping Scotland’s health outcomes. We call for research and policy responses that ground both diagnosis and future prescriptions in the experiential knowledge of those most negatively impacted.
Contribution of Bradykinin to the Cardiovascular Effects of Ramipril

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

From pharmacologic investigations and clinical studies it is known that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors exhibit additional local actions, which are not related to hemodynamic changes and which cannot be explained simply by interference with the renin-angiotensin system with subsequent inhibition of angiotensin II formation. Because ACE is identical to kininase II, which inactivates the nonapeptide bradykinin (BK), potentiation of BK might be responsible for these additional effects of ACE inhibitors. To prove the specificity of BK-mediated effects by ACE inhibition, we used the specific B2 kinin receptor antagonist HOE 140 in different models: endothelial cell cultures; atherosclerosis in high-cholesterol-fed rabbits; neointima formation with smooth cell proliferation and migration after endothelial denudation in rats; myocardial ischemia in rats, rabbits, and dogs; and left ventricular hypertrophy in rats. The beneficial effects of ramipril or BK given in non-blood pressure-lowering doses in these models were abolished by HOE 140 (icatibant). Ramipril exerts cardioprotective effects in different experimental models. The formation of the endothelial autacoids nitric oxide and prostacyclin, enhanced when BK degradation is inhibited by ACE inhibition, may contribute to the observed beneficial effects.
1108-P: Care Cascade Engagement and Characteristics of Diabetes Awareness in Adult Samoans in 2010 and 2018

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We describe diabetes care cascade engagement in 2010 and 2018 in adult Samoans and identify the characteristics of diabetes awareness. Participants were from a 2010 study of Samoans (n=2980, 24.5-&lt; 65 years old), n= 500 of whom were followed-up in 2018 (32.5-72.5 years old). At follow-up individuals with a genetic variant associated with lower fasting glucose were oversampled by design. Care cascade components included diabetes prevalence (fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL or diabetes medication use), self-report of doctor’s diagnosis of diabetes (awareness), diabetes medication use, and meets recommended glycemic control (fasting glucose ≤ 130 mg/dL). Percentage loss (proportion of individuals lost from each preceding stage) and unmet need of care (total prevalence - proportion of participants with controlled diabetes) were estimated. Characteristics associated with awareness were examined with logistic regression. In 2010, 469/2980 (15.7%) participants had diabetes, 242 (48.4% loss) were aware, 215 (11.1% loss) reported medication use, and 33 (84.6% loss) met glycemic control (unmet need of 92.9%). In 2018, 146 (29.2%) had diabetes; 61 (57.8% loss) were aware; 48 reported medication use (22.6% loss), and 7 (85.4% loss) met glycemic control (unmet need of 95.2%). Each year of added age (OR 1.07 [1.04-1.10] in 2010 and OR 1.06 [1.01-1.11] in 2018), and higher material lifestyle scores, a proxy for socioeconomic position, (OR 1.16 [1.02-1.33] in 2018) were associated with higher odds of diabetes awareness, and higher BMI (OR 0.93 [0.90-0.96] in 2018) and OR 0.94 [0.89-0.99] in 2018) and smoking (OR 0.49 [0.31-0.78] in 2010) with lower odds of awareness. We observed a very high level of unmet need in diabetes care and a high proportion of participants lost within the care cascade at both time points. Greater odds of disease awareness with increasing socioeconomic position in 2018 suggest that socioeconomic constraints may limit care engagement. Disclosure A. C. Rivara: None. N. Hawley: None. E. M. Russell: None. S. Viali: None. M. Reupena: None. T. K. Naseri: None. A. Pomer: None. R. L. Minster: None. D. E. Weeks: None. S. T. Mcgarvey: None. Funding National Institutes of Health (R01HL093093, R01HL140570, R01HL133040)
Efficacy and Safety of Oral Micronized Progesterone That Converts to Allopregnanolone as an Adjunctive Treatment in Refractory Status Epilepticus: A Prospective Interventional Phase IIa Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: We aimed to study the efficacy and safety of allopregnanolone which convert from oral micronized progesterone as an adjunctive treatment for Thai patients with refractory status epilepticus. Methods: Adults 18–80 years old who diagnosed with either convulsive or non-convulsive refractory status epilepticus receiving standard AED treatment, intravenous midazolam, for longer than 60 minutes were included. The intervention group received Utrogestran ® (micronized progesterone, 200 mg/capsule) via enteric feeding every 8 h for five days. Treatments for RSE were continuing along the clinical trial period. Serum allopregnanolone levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (DetectX® Allopregnanolone Immunoassay Kit; Arbor Assays, Michigan, United States). Control patients were randomly selected from our hospital RSE cohort during 2015–2019. Continuous data were presented as the mean and standard deviation. Discrete data were assessed by number and percentage. The changes in laboratories were analyzed by paired t-test. The difference between groups were compared by independent sample t-test. The Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test were used for non-parametric parameters. A p -value < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. All analyses were performed using SPSS version 26 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results: The average duration of refractory status epilepticus after treatment with midazolam plus progesterone (intervention group) and without progesterone until status epilepticus termination was 25.5 and 58.4 hours, ( p = 0.004), indicated that allopregnanolone significantly shortens the refractory status epilepticus duration in vivo . Conclusions: Allopregnanolone, produced from oral micronized progesterone, demonstrates efficacy and safety in treating refractory status epilepticus as an adjunctive treatment. Trial registration: This trial was registered in Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR) database. The trial registration number was “TCTR20200717002”, 16 July 2020, retrospectively registered.