jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Seismic Behavior of Historical Inclined Minarets under Near and Far Fault Ground Motions

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study investigates the effects of near- and far-fault ground motion on the seismic behavior of historically inclined minarets. Inclined minarets built in Aksaray and Sivas, Turkey, are selected as numerical applications. The top of the Aksaray and Sivas minarets is 1.30 m and 1.23 out-of-plumb and the inclination values are 2.45° and 1.97°, respectively. Firstly, 3D finite element models of the minarets are created using solid elements by SAP2000 software and the numerical dynamic characteristics are determined numerically. 1992 Erzincan and 1999 Kocaeli earthquakes as near- and far-fault ground motion records are selected for the analyses. Maximum displacements, base bending moments, base shear forces, and principal stresses are determined using the finite element method. The results obtained for both earthquakes are compared with each other. It is clearly seen that near-fault ground motion has resulted in much larger response values for both minaret models when compared with far-fault ground motion and max stresses that occurred on the transition segments.
Biofouling countermeasure evaluations for OTEC heat exchangers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Several promising countermeasure methods for maintaining heat transfer efficiency in OTEC heat exchangers have been evaluated by the LaQue Center for Corrosion Technology, Inc., under contract to Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). Heat transfer monitors designed at Carnegie-Mellon and modified by ANL were utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of several countermeasure methods for candidate OTEC heat exchanger tubing. Countermeasure methods evaluated included the use of abrasive slurries, Amertap sponge rubber balls (alone and in combination with continuous and intermittent chlorination), M.A.N. brush, surfactant/dispersant organic chemical cleaning and continuous and intermittent chlorination.
The importance of permeability in modelling soil-atmosphere interaction

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Soil-atmosphere interaction has been attracting increasing interest as the seasonal variation of pore water pressures (pwp) has been linked to a variety of geotechnical problems (e.g. slope stability and serviceability, foundation subsidence or swelling, desiccation cracking etc.) or has been identified as part of the solution of geotechnical problems (e.g. in sustainable urban drainage systems). Prediction of how the pwp will change within soils of low permeability under the combined effect of evapotranspiration and precipitation requires adequate knowledge of the soil permeability and how it varies spatially (e.g with depth) and temporally (e.g. with suction or degree of saturation, void ratio or due to the opening and closing of desiccation cracks). Nonetheless, in-situ measurements of permeability that satisfy both the spatial and temporal variation are difficult. In order to clarify the importance of variable permeability in predicting pwp variations under atmospheric loads, a series of one- and two-dimensional finite element analyses was performed, where the permeability model and the variation of permeability were parametrically studied. The results demonstrated that the variation of permeability, as well as the model employed in the analysis, e.g. allowing or not for desiccation cracking, influenced the values of suction calculated as well as the pwp profile with depth, highlighting the importance of estimating the spatial and temporal variation of permeability with some level of confidence.
Antibacterial Efficacy of Commonly Available Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizers on Escherichia Coli

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: The WHO estimates that approximately 600 million people fall ill after consumption of contaminated food and over 420 000 die every year, resulting in loss of 33 million healthy life years. Hand hygiene is considered by the WHO to be the most effective preventive measure for infectious diseases including food borne diseases.Methods: A laboratory-based study involving convenient sampling of common brands alcohol-based hand sanitizers (ABHS) from retail community pharmacies and local supermarkets was conducted in Ilala District, Dar es salaam, Tanzania. The study was conducted, between December 2018 to January 2019. A modified protocol of The European Norm (EN) 1500 was used for in vivo testing of sampled ABHs. Efficacy was evaluated using standard strain of Escherichia coli. A total of 26 healthy volunteers were used for hand sanitization. The percentage of bioburden/microbial reduction was assessed at baseline and after treatment, and the log reduction factor calculated.Results: A total of 10 gel ABHS were purchased and assayed for antibacterial efficacy. Majority (70%) of ABHS were imported products and contained ethanol as the sole active ingredient. About 60% of them did not correctly indicate the label disclosure information on concentration of active ingredients. Only one product was efficacious against E. coli with log reduction of 3.75; while majority (70%) of the samples had poor bacterial efficacy with log reduction ranging from 0.140 -0.664.Conclusions: Most of ABHS gel products available in the Dar es Salaam market were not efficacious as per FDA and EN 1500 guidelines. Post market surveillance is recommended of the circulating ABH to safe guard consumers. Keywords: Hand sanitizers, efficacy, E. coli, EN 1500.
Prevalence of self-medication practices among the residents of urban slums located near govt. medical college, Jabalpur

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Self-medication is defined as medication taken on the patient’s own initiative or on the advice of pharmacist or any other lay person. Self-medication can be described as a double edged sword for its users, because it has both beneficial and harmful effects. According to recent community based study in 2016 prevalence of self-medication in developing countries varies from 12% to as high as 73% in different communities. The objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence of self-medication among the residents of urban slums located near Govt. medical college, Jabalpur and to identify the factors associated with the practice of self-medication.Methods: It was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted in 412 families residing in slum areas around the medical college for duration of 2 months [1st July to 31st august 2017]. One participant from each family was interviewed. Data on socio demographic details (age, gender, education, occupation, and income), practice of self-medication, and reasons for use of self-medication were collected.Results: Among the total 412 participants, 176 (42.7%) practiced self-medication out of which 43.6% were Females. Highest prevalence of 58.1% amongst 18-40 years of age group, 69.3% was literates. Major reason for self-medication being disease is simple (56.5%). Majority took self-medication occasionally (72.5%) and most common source were Pharmacists (87.42%) through OTC (81.14%). Most widely used drugs were Analgesics (66.28%) and main indications were headache, body ache and other pains (25.2%). Associations were compared with chi-square test Socio economic status of participants and Vicinity distance from hospital revealed statistically significant result. Socio-economically upper class (p꞊0.018) and participants living more than 500 m away from hospital (p=0.010) tends to take more self medication.Conclusions: There was a heterogeneous spread in the practices. Easy availability of over the counter (OTC) drugs is a major factor responsible for irrational drug use. Community awareness programme, educational interventions should be conducted about side effects of self-medication.
Linear Network Coding on Multi-Mesh of Trees (MMT) using All to All Broadcast (AAB)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We introduce linear network coding on parallel architecture for multi-source finite acyclic network. In this problem, different messages in diverse time periods are broadcast and every nonsource node in the network decodes and encodes the message based on further communication.We wish to minimize the communication steps and time complexity involved in transfer of data from node-to-node during parallel communication.We have used Multi-Mesh of Trees (MMT) topology for implementing network coding. To envisage our result, we use all-to-all broadcast as communication algorithm.
Geochemistry of Archaean Granites of the Indian Shield: A Review

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Archaean granites and granite gneisses are known to occur in (a) the Iron Ore Province of Singhbhum-Orissa region in eastern India, (b) the Granite-Greenstone Belt of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh, (c) the Granulite Belts of Tamil Nadu and Kerala and (d) the Bundelkhand-Rajasthan Precambrian province. In the Iron Ore Province of Singhbhum region, the Older Metamorphic tonalite-gneiss (OMTG-c. 3200 Ma) has strong geochemical resemblance with the 'Ancient tonalite-gneiss' of Barberton. South Africa. The low initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7018-703) for the total-rock Rb-Sr isochrons indicate derivation of the tonalitic melt from the mantle perhaps in a two-stage process. The magmatic units of the composite batholith of Singhbhum Granite (2900-3000 Ma) show distinctive trends of fractional crystallisation for the three successive but closely related phases. Multivariate analysis of variance of the trace-element data indicates statistically significant differences among the phases while Rsmode Factor analysis suggests operation of significantly different processes of trace-element distribution in the three phases. The geochemical relationship as well as the high initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.711 ± .009 suggest that the three magmatic phases were derived by partial melting successively in the same source region of the crust. The Bahalda metasomatic unit of Singhbhum Granite shows certain abnormal trends of trace-element variations in the sequence: hornblende schist?hornblende diorite?shornblende (-epidote) granodiorite. These have been explained by assuming that during progressive granitisation, (a) ionic charge and electronegativity have been relatively ineffective and (b) certain trace-elements are preferentially incorporated in some preexisting minerals. The Peninsular Gneiss and associated Archaean granitic bodies in the Granite Greenstone Belt of South India show wide compositional variations ranging from migmatitic and tonalitic gneiss through granodiorite to K-rich adamellite. These rocks show clusters of Rb-Sr isochrons at 3200-3300Ma, 2900-3000Ma and around 2600Ma. Enrichment of nickel and chromium in parts of these gneisses has been reported. Although a metasomatic origin of the Peninsular Gneiss has been suggested, the low initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.701-0.704) do not support this view and instead indicate direct or multi-stage derivation of the granitic melt from the mantle. Occurrence of several abnormal U-Th enriched granite bodies within Peninsular Gneiss is of special interest. The Bundelkhand Granite is a composite body of several granitic and gneissic units and appears to be dominantly adamellitic - monzonitic in composition (2555 ± 55 Ma), but has numerous xenoliths and rafts of migmatite and gneiss, mostly of granodiorite and tonalite composition. It appears that in the Indian shield, the oldest gneisses and granites (&gt; 3000 Ma) are dominantly tonalites while adamellitic granites become more and more abundant in the younger assemblages.
Blockchain-Enabled Transactive Home Energy Management Systems in Distribution Networks

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

As home energy management systems (HEMSs) are implemented in homes as ways of reducing customer costs and providing demand response (DR) to the electric utility, homeowner’s privacy can be compromised. As part of the HEMS framework, homeowners are required to send load forecasts to the distribution system operator (DSO) for power balancing purposes. Submitting forecasts allows a platform for attackers to gain knowledge on user patterns based on the load information provided. The attacker could, for example, enter the home to steal valuable possessions when the homeowner is away. In this paper, we propose a framework using a smart contract within a private blockchain to keep customer information private when communicating with the DSO. The results show the HEMS users’ privacy is maintained, while the benefits of data sharing are obtained. Blockchain and its associated smart contracts may be a viable solution to security concerns in DR applications where load forecasts are sent to a DSO.
The Effect of Global Training Methods, Conventional Training, and Emotional Intelligence Towards Football Player’s Skill at SSB UIR Pekanbaru

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This research method was the quantitative method by using a factorial study design 2 x 2. The research population consists of 90 male students, while the sample was taken by purposive sampling and random sampling in order to obtain a sample of 48 male students.Test of data on football playing skills was collected using tests of football playing skills with ages 10-13 years.While the emotional intelligence data was collected through questionnaires.Data analysis techniques used two-way ANOVA analysis.The results of data analysis were obtained: (1) That the global training method is more effective in improving football playing skills than conventional training methods.(2) There was an interaction between the training method and emotional intelligence on the football playing skills of SSB UIR Pekanbaru.(3) In high emotional intelligence, the football playing skills of the SSB UIR Pekanbaru who were given a global training method were significantly higher than the group who were given conventional training methods.In other words, that the global training method more effective in improving football playing skills than conventional training.(4) In low emotional intelligence, the football playing skills of the SSB UIR Pekanbaru who were given conventional training methods higher than those given the global training method
Cardiorespiratory and anesthetic effects of propofol and thiopental in dogs

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective To compare cardiorespiratory and anesthesia effects of IV administered propofol and thiopental in dogs. Animals 6 healthy mixed-breed dogs. Procedure Each dog was anesthetized with isoflurane, then a thermistor catheter was inserted in the pulmonary artery. After a minimum of 2.5 hours of recovery, a catheter was placed in a cephalic vein for administration of lactated Ringer's solution and drugs. Propofol (8 mg/kg of body weight) or thiopental (19.4 mg/kg) was administered to each dog in a randomized crossover design study. All dogs were intubated and allowed to breathe 100% oxygen spontaneously. Heart rate and rhythm; systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures; respiratory rate; end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration; tidal volume; and reflexes (toe web pinch, palpebral response, and jaw tone) were measured before and every 2 minutes for the first 10 minutes, then at 15, 30, and 60 minutes after drug administration. Cardiac output was determined at 0, 2, 6, 10, 15, 30, and 60 minutes, and blood samples were collected at 0, 2, 10, and 30 minutes. Time to endotracheal extubation, head lift, and ability to sit sternally and walk unaided were recorded. Results 3 of 6 dogs in each group were apneic after drug administration. Reflexes were decreased similarly for both anesthetic agents, but were not completely lost. Time to sternal position and walking unaided were significantly shorter in response to propofol. Conclusion Anesthesia was rapid; however, respiratory depression and apnea were major adverse effects associated with propofol and thiopental. Propofol has the advantage of inducing rapid, coordinated anesthesia recovery. ( Am J Vet Res 1998;59:1137-1143)
Common Chelatase Design in the Branched Tetrapyrrole Pathways of Heme and Anaerobic Cobalamin Synthesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Prosthetic groups such as heme, chlorophyll, and cobalamin (vitamin B(12)) are characterized by their branched biosynthetic pathway and unique metal insertion steps. The metal ion chelatases can be broadly classed either as single-subunit ATP-independent enzymes, such as the anaerobic cobalt chelatase and the protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) ferrochelatase, or as heterotrimeric, ATP-dependent enzymes, such as the Mg chelatase involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis. The X-ray structure of the anaerobic cobalt chelatase from Salmonella typhimurium, CbiK, has been solved to 2.4 A resolution. Despite a lack of significant amino acid sequence similarity, the protein structure is homologous to that of Bacillus subtilis PPIX ferrochelatase. Both enzymes contain a histidine residue previously identified as the metal ion ligand, but CbiK contains a second histidine in place of the glutamic acid residue identified as a general base in PPIX ferrochelatase. Site-directed mutagenesis has confirmed a role for this histidine and a nearby glutamic acid in cobalt binding, modulating metal ion specificity as well as catalytic efficiency. Contrary to the predicted protoporphyrin binding site in PPIX ferrochelatase, the precorrin-2 binding site in CbiK is clearly defined within a large horizontal cleft between the N- and C-terminal domains. The structural similarity has implications for the understanding of the evolution of this branched biosynthetic pathway.
Buy now or regret later: Social media-induced panic buying of medical supplies during COVID-19

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A huge body of research analyzed panic buying during the pandemic; however, there is a dearth of studies scrutinizing social media triggering panic buying of drugs and medical supplies. This study assesses the impact of social media on panic buying of drugs and medical supplies during COVID-19. An online survey was conducted in the Delhi-NCR region (India) using a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. The data were collected from the respondents (N = 250) who were youngsters considering their pivotal role in the battle against COVID-19. Regression analysis in SPSS was used to process the data. The results manifested a strong impact of social media on buying behavior during COVID-19. Perceived scarcity (p = .000), perceived quality (p = .000), perceived cost (p = .000) of medical supplies, and fear-of-missing-out (p = .000) were found to strongly influence panic buying. Further, perceived scarcity was found to have a significant impact on FOMO (p = .0400). At the same time, perceived cost also had a substantial effect on perceived quality (p = .0100). The results indicated that perceived scarcity did not affect perceived quality (p = .0600). People indulged in hoarding during COVID-19 to remove their fear of missing out. The perception of scarcity of medicines, the quality degradation that may happen later, or the likelihood that costs may increase in the future contributed fairly to people stockpiling. Perceived scarcity also induced fear of missing out, while perception about the quality was dependent on perceived cost.
Alkylated styrene ionomers with variable length spacers. I. Synthesis

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Two analogous series of ionomer precursors based on 4‐substituted styrene copolymers were prepared with substituents R = ‐(CH 2) n CO 2 Me ( n = 1, 5, 10), or R = ‐O(CH 2 ) n CO 2 Me ( n = 1, 4, 10), and degrees of substitution from 10 to 15 mol%. The synthesis of the alkyl series compounds involved either chloromethylation of polystyrene or bromoalkylation via lithiation of a styrene‐4‐bromostyrene copolymer, followed by conversion to the nitriles. Methyl esters were then produced by reaction of the nitriles with methanol/HCl gas. The ether series compounds were obtained directly by reacting a styrene‐4‐hydroxystyrene copolymer with the methyl esters of the corresponding ω‐bromoaliphatic carboxylic acids in a Williamson ether‐type synthesis.
PHAEDRA, ARIADNE AND THE FRANCIAD?: RONSARD'S MOTIF OF THE TWO SISTERS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

There are ample explanations for the failure of Ronsard's Franciad?. Henri Chamard1 Isidore Silver2 and more recently Bruce R. Leslie3 and Michio Hagiwara4 cite the choice of a dynastic subject, the limitations of the ten-syllable line, the un heroic hero and, finally, the inadequacy of the narrative. The central portion of the Franciad? ? the tragic love of Hyante and Clym?ne for the handsome Trojan who is destined to abandon them ? has been perceived as a structural flaw because of an apparent duplication of heroines. Hyante's place in the epic is secure because she is the priestess who reveals the future of the French nation in Book IV, but Clym?ne is often considered superfluous. Although her love for Francus provides some enchanting verses, it deflects the general thrust of the narrative5 which continues only after she vanishes at the end of the third book. Ronsard's sisters, however, are the result of differentiation as well as duplication. Hyante and Clym?ne derive some of their most important traits from different classical prototypes and embody con flicting values which play a major role in expressing the moral concerns of Ronsard as he contemplates the burdens of kingship for Charles de Valois. In 1572 as in all later versions of his epic Ronsard occasionally emphasizes the identical behavior of Dic?e's daughters. Syntactically, the repeated use of ces deux sceurs or ces jeunes s urs as collective subjects placed at the beginning of verses reinforces the impression of duplication cited by critics. This doubling is accom panied on the narrative plane by similarities in what may be called the pathology of love. Clym?ne and Hyante are each victims of Cupid and display the appropriate symptoms. They grow pale and blush. They tremble as Francus does battle with the giant Phov?re and weep as he mourns his dead friend. Both women are also sub jected to the same psychological conflict between duty and passion and seek relief from anxiety by consulting oracles. As victims of overwhelming passion Ronsard's sisters are distant cousins of Dido6, but the psychological parallelism which relates
An analysis of acid rain distribution characteristics of five cities in south Jiangsu in recent five years

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Acid rain distribution characteristics of 7 acid rain monitoring stations in Nanjing,Zhenjiang,Changzhou,Wuxi and Suzhou in south Jiangsu were analyzed based on acid rain monitoring data from January 2007 to December 2011.The results indicate that the frequency of acid rain was maximum in Dongshan and minimum in Nanjing.The frequency was minimum in 2011 and maximum in 2009.The frequency of strong acid rain was maximum in Dongshan and minimum in Liyang.The frequency was maximum when the rainfall was strong acidity at 3 points at the same time.The strong acid precipitation falled at 7 points at the same time appeared only on February 22,2009.The acid rain intensity was the strongest in Dongshan and weakest in Liyang.The precipitation of the four seasons in a year were acidic.The precipitation in 2011 was weak acidity,but it was strong acidity during 2008-2010.