jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cell therapy in acute myocardial infarction: measures of efficacy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In clinical trials, the treatment effect of an intervention is usually measured as the impact on a prespecified end point. All-cause mortality is an ultimate end point and often regarded as the “gold standard” for cardiovascular trials. However, since major therapeutic breakthroughs like acute revascularisation with percutaneous coronary intervention, use of antithrombotic agents, β blockers, ACE inhibitors and statins have improved prognosis after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), large-scale studies are necessary to demonstrate improved survival by a new treatment. Another option is to use an intermediate end point like quality of life or functional capacity, which may be more closely linked to disease progression. From a patient perspective, improvement of such intermediate end points may be more important than the sole prolongation of life.1

An alternative to an ultimate or intermediate end point is to use a surrogate end point. The FDA defines a surrogate end point as a laboratory measurement or physical sign which is used in therapeutic trials as a substitute for a clinically meaningful end point that is a direct measure of how a patient feels, functions or survives and is expected to predict the effect of the treatment. Changes of the …
The Ryan Report in Ireland : before and after

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Commission to Inquire into Child Abuse (Government of Ireland, 2009) is the official name given to what we now know as the Ryan Report. It is so called because Sean Ryan, a justice of the Irish High Court took over from Justice Mary Laffoy in September 2003 to complete the work begun by her. The Ryan Report is about children, church and state. As for church and state the report shows how those two unquestioned pillars of Irish society criminally neglected the poorest and most vulnerable children and failed in their duty of care.
Geomicrobiology of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

During the cycling of seawater through the earth's crust along the mid-ocean ridge system, geothermal energy is transferred into chemical energy in the form of reduced inorganic compounds. These compounds are derived from the reaction of seawater with crustal rocks at high temperatures and are emitted from warm (≤25°C) and hot (∼350°C) submarine vents at depths of 2000 to 3000 meters. Chemolithotrophic bacteria use these reduced chemical species as sources of energy for the reduction of carbon dioxide (assimilation) to organic carbon. These bacteria form the base of the food chain, which permits copious populations of certain specifically adapted invertebrates to grow in the immediate vicinity of the vents. Such highly prolific, although narrowly localized, deep-sea communities are thus maintained primarily by terrestrial rather than by solar energy. Reduced sulfur compounds appear to represent the major electron donors for aerobic microbial metabolism, but methane-, hydrogen-, iron-, and manganese-oxidizing bacteria have also been found. Methanogenic, sulfur-respiring, and extremely thermophilic isolates carry out anaerobic chemosynthesis. Bacteria grow most abundantly in the shallow crust where upwelling hot, reducing hydrothermal fluid mixes with downwelling cold, oxygenated seawater. The predominant production of biomass, however, is the result of symbiotic associations between chemolithotrophic bacteria and certain invertebrates, which have also been found as fossils in Cretaceous sulfide ores of ophiolite deposits.
Rice Psalter, MS.000372

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

[Text Description:] Illuminated Latin Psalter; on back flyleaves 16th c. accounts ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] MS.000372 ❧ [Medium:] Parchment ❧ [Script Note:] Latin ❧ [Physical Object Description:] 133 + ii leaves; 11.9 x 8.7 x 2.1 in. (30.3 x 22.2 x 5.3 cm) ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Vellum with ink ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Illuminations
Consensus Society! Consensus Church?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The multiple dimensions of crisis in the United States in the 1960s— combining race, war, the perceived failure of American institutions, moral turmoil—polarized Americans, Polarization, which extended beyond the decade, was made explicit in the politics of religious figures, radical and conservative. Philip Berrigan, a Catholic priest engaged in anti-war activity, drew on critics such as Herbert Marcuse to characterize America as a technological society swamped by material consumption and maintaining its economy through war and preparation for war. He believed it denied real human needs. The Church thus betrayed its true nature unless it challenged the society radically. But religious bureaucracies behaved in ways similar to secular ones and gained benefits from the state in doing so. Berrigan's hope was that Christians as individuals and in small, just communities would bear witness and aid the victims of society.
Technical education in India : living good governance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Governance, at its heart, is related to how an institution measures itself, and how it intends to grow. A well-run institution instills confidence and respect from students, faculty, and the larger community. Yet, governance is a challenge in several Indian technical education institutes. The vast majority do not have much financial or academic autonomy, which means they often cannot make key decisions affecting their performance, such as faculty appointments. These institutions can include those that are well-respected to those who have very weak quality control. Given this wide range, effective governance at an institution is of critical importance. Understanding good governance and living good governance are two different things. Just as a student can have a plan in mind for how he or she is going to pursue a degree, reality often gets in the way. Similarly, an institution may have an idea of how it is going to move forward with its governance model, but that plan might sit in a file cabinet for years while the status quo persists. Taking small steps, by modeling from the top and introducing more delegation, or promoting good documentation, can lead to significant behavioral changes that slowly become embedded. Charting the institution’s progress is also imperative, because it is difficult to know where you are going if you do not know exactly where you have been. This type of regular institutional evaluation does not yet seem to be common, but is a good way to measure performance and determine where course correction is needed. Ultimately, good governance is an attitude, a behavior, rather than a template to be followed, but it is necessary to lay the groundwork by first establishing some good practices.
Solid‐State Polymerization of a Liquid Crystalline Copolyester Derived from 2,6‐Naphthalene Dicarboxylic Acid, Terephthalic Acid, 4‐Acetoxybenzoic Acid and Hydroquinone Diacetate

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Solid‐state polymerization (SSP) has been applied for the synthesis of a wholly aromatic thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer derived from 4‐acetoxybenzoic acid, hydroquinone diacetate, 2,6‐naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, and terephthalic acid. The influence of various operating parameters, such as reaction temperature, reaction time, nitrogen gas flow velocity, and particle size, on the solid‐state polymerization has been studied, and the SSP products were characterized by polarized light microscope (PLM), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), viscosity measurement, and nanoindentation test. It was found that the molar mass of the copolyester substantially increased during the SSP process, as shown by measurements of melting temperature and inherent viscosity of the product. The SSP reaction mechanism and rate are discussed with the changes of the operating parameters. Nanoindentation test shows the increase of hardness and modulus of the copolyesters, which is due to the increase of molar mass. A banded texture of the copolyesters with narrow bands was observed after SSP by using PLM.
Robert F. Heizer and Alan J. Almquist. The Other Californians: Prejudice and Discrimination under Spain, Mexico, and the United States to 1920 and Richard B. Craig. The Bracero Program: Interest Groups and Foreign Policy. Austin: University of Texas Press. 1971. Pp. xvii, 233. $7.50

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Robert F. Heizer and Alan J. Almquist. The Other Californians: Prejudice and Discrimination under Spain, Mexico, and the United States to 1920 and Richard B. Craig. The Bracero Program: Interest Groups and Foreign Policy. Austin: University of Texas Press. 1971. Pp. xvii, 233. $7.50 Get access Heizer Robert F. and Almquist Alan J.. The Other Californians: Prejudice and Discrimination under Spain, Mexico, and the United States to 1920. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. 1971. Pp. viii, 278. $7.95. Craig Richard B.. The Bracero Program: Interest Groups and Foreign Policy. Austin: University of Texas Press. 1971. Pp. xvii, 233. $7.50. J. Joseph Huthmacher J. Joseph Huthmacher University of Delaware Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 80, Issue 2, April 1975, Pages 479–481, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/80.2.479 Published: 01 April 1975
The efficacy of adjunct tacrolimus treatment in pregnancy outcomes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) involves multiple organ systems and primarily affects women during their reproductive years. Pregnancy in a woman with SLE may lead to higher rates of disease flares. Little is known regarding which medications are safe to maintain remission and/or treat flares throughout such pregnancies. Here we retrospectively analyzed the efficacy of tacrolimus (TAC) in the pregnancy outcomes of SLE patients. We studied the 54 deliveries of 40 SLE patients over an eight-year period from 2008 to 2016. We used analyses of covariance with adjustments for the propensity score and inverse probability of treatment weights to compare the patient backgrounds between the TAC users and non-TAC users. TAC was administered to the patient in 15 of the 54 (27.8%) pregnancies, and these patients had a significantly higher dose of prednisolone, hypocomplementemia, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, past history of lupus nephritis, and complication with antiphospholipid syndrome. In the adjusted background of the TAC deliveries, the risks of decreased fetal body weight, low birth weight infant, non-reassuring fetal status (NRFS), and preterm birth were not increased compared to the non-TAC deliveries. Thrombocytopenia and hypertension during the pregnancy were extracted as independent predictive risk factors for decreased fetal body weight and NRFS, respectively. We had anticipated that the maternal and fetal outcomes in the TAC-use deliveries would be poor before the analysis; however, the TAC-use group showed no significant difference in risks contributing to outcomes compared to the non-TAC group, suggesting that adjunct TAC treatment corrected various risk factors during the lupus pregnancies.
Shakespeare on European Festival Stages

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

From the aftermath of World War II to the convulsions of Brexit, festivals have deployed Shakespeare as a model of inclusive and progressive theatre to seek cultural solutions to Europe's multi-faceted crises. Shakespeare on European Festival Stages is the first book to chart Shakespeare’s presence at continental European festivals. It examines the role these festivals play in European socio-cultural exchanges, and the impact festivals make on the wider production and circulation of staged Shakespeare across the continent. This collection offers authoritative, lively and informed accounts of the production of Shakespeare at the following festivals: the Avignon Festival and Le Printemps des comédiens in Montpellier (France), the Almagro festival (Spain), Shakespeare at Four Castles (Czech Republic and Slovakia), the International Shakespeare Festival in Craiova (Romania), the Shakespeare festivals in Elsinore (Denmark), Gdansk (Poland), Gyula (Hungary), Itaka (Serbia), Neuss (Germany), Patalenitsa (Bulgaria), Rome and Verona (Italy). Shakespeare on European Festival Stages is essential reading for students, scholars and practitioners interested in Shakespeare in performance, in translation and in a post-national Shakespeare that knows no borders and belongs to all of Europe.
DataSheet_1_The Balance Between the Effectiveness and Safety for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting of Different Doses of Olanzapine (10 mg Versus 5 mg): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.docx

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction<p>The aim of this study is to rigorously review the efficacy and safety of olanzapine in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) settings including (1) at 5- and 10-mg doses, and (2) the setting of highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) and moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC).</p>Methods<p>Embase, Pubmed, and Cochrane Library were searched from the establishment of the database through April 18, 2021. The primary efficacy endpoints were the rate of complete response (CR; no emesis and no rescue), in the acute (0–24 h post-chemotherapy), delayed (24–120 h post-chemotherapy), and overall (0–120 h post-chemotherapy) phases. The secondary efficacy endpoints were the rates of complete control (CC, no nausea, and no emesis), for each phase. Safety endpoints were the rate of somnolence, as assessed by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) criteria. The Mantel–Haenszel, random, or fixed-effect analysis model was used to compute risk ratios and accompanying 95% confidence intervals for each endpoint. For endpoints that statistically favored one arm, absolute risk differences were computed to assess whether there is a 10% or greater difference, used as the threshold for clinical significance by MASCC/ESMO.</p>Result<p>Nine studies reported the use of 10 mg olanzapine to prevent CINV; three studies reported the use of 5 mg olanzapine to prevent CINV. When olanzapine was administered at 10 mg for HEC patients, the six endpoints were statistically and clinically better than the control group. For MEC patients, four out of six endpoints were better than the control group. When olanzapine is administered at 5 mg for MEC patients, four endpoints have statistical and clinical advantages. The sedative effects of 10 and 5 mg olanzapine were statistically more significant than those of the control group. The sedative effect of the 10-mg olanzapine group was more significant than that of the 5-mg olanzapine group, both statistically and clinically.</p>Conclusion<p>5 mg olanzapine may be as effective as 10 mg olanzapine for patients with HEC and MEC, and its sedative effect is lower than 10 mg olanzapine. Fewer studies on 5 mg olanzapine have led to uncertain data. In the future, more randomized controlled trials of 5 mg olanzapine are needed to study the balance between the effectiveness and safety of olanzapine.</p>
Evaluation of udder health and body condition score in saanen and shami-jamnapari crossbred

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Morphological of udder and body condition score are very critical in dairy animals as they could be a factor that cause the production of milk decreased. This study was conducted to evaluate the udder conformation and the body condition score of lactating Saanen and Shami-Jamnapari crossbreds does in one dairy goat farm. In addition, the study also evaluated the changes in the conformation traits of the udder and the body conformation score for the two breed types at different lactation stages.
A total of 20 does from two breed types of lactating goats were used as the experimental material in the study, namely 10 Saanen goats and 10 Shami-Jamnapari crossbreds. The study has been conducted at Gmilk Farm in Nilai, Negeri Sembilan. Udder health is assessed by using conformation traits of the udder and the teats, as well as structural abnormality and asymmetry. Udder was evaluated by observation using back and side views. The morphology traits measured were udder depth (UD), udder circumference (UC), udder width (UW), teat length (TL), teat width (TW), teat circumference (TC), and distance between teats (DBT). Body condition scoring is done by manual palpation around the vertebrae in the lumbar and sternal regions. A score on the scale of 1 - 5 are assigned to each animal. The measurement and scoring is done two hours before evening milking session. The result indicated that there was no interaction between breed and lactation number for udder and teat measurement traits. There were generally no significant differences (P>0.05) in udder and teat measurement traits between primiparous and multiparous does. However, there were significant differences (P<0.05) in udder width and udder circumference between the breeds during all four time of lactation studied. In addition, during the third and fourth visit there was significant difference (P<0.05) between breeds for udder depth as well. There was no significant differences in body condition score (BCS) between the two breeds except for the fourth visit. It was concluded that the BCS between lactating Saanen and Shami-Jamnapari in the farm were similar. However, the morphology of the udder between the two breeds were different. The lactation number had no effect on the udder morphology.
An introduction to habitat development on dredged material

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Habitat development using dredged material offers an alternative dredged material disposal method that is often feasible from biological, engineering, and economic standpoints. Careful use of this alternative could significantly increase the extent of wetland and wildlife resources in many parts of the United States. Four general habitats are suitable for establishment on dredged material: marsh, upland, island, and aquatic. Marsh establishment has received more attention than any other habitat development alternative, and techniques have been developed to enable careful planning, design, and propagation of these habitats. Terrestrial habitat development is primarily the application of established wildlife management and soil reclamation procedures at a particular disposal area. The feasibility of both the marsh and terrestrial habitat development alternatives has been documented in numerous field and laboratory studies. Island habitat development uses a standard technique to dispose of dredged material and create exceptionally important wildlife habitat. This is often a viable alternative that can be greatly improved by management techniques. The development of aquatic habitats, such as seagrass meadows and oyster flats, on dredged material appears to offer significant potential for the creation of highly productive biological communities and at the same time provide for large disposal quantities; however, aquatic habitat development is largely untested in the field.
An MEMS tunable dual-wavelength laser

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper reports a miniature MEMS tunable dual-wavelength laser by integrating a gain chip, a beam splitter, and a pair of Bragg reflectors which has different periods. In the experiment, simultaneous two wavelengths emissions are observed with a thermo-optic tuning range of 1574.7 nm to 1578.6 nm and 1576.1 nm to 1582.6 nm, respectively.
Apolipoprotein E ϵ4 allele and hippocampal volume in twins with normal cognition

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We examined the relation of APOE-epsilon 4, hippocampal volume, and cognitive performance in ten pairs of cognitively normal twins who had a mean age of 62.5 years (SD = 7.8). There were no significant differences in neuropsychological measures of the groups categorized by the presence of an epsilon 4 allele. However, the mean normalized right and left hippocampal volumes were smaller in the epsilon 4 groups compared to the group without epsilon 4. Combined with prior reports, these findings suggest that epsilon 4 is associated with differences in brain morphology that may be evident when no symptoms of dementia are present.
Effects of Mechanical Properties of Snowboard on Snowboard Turn

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The authors have proposed a numerical approach for estimating a snowboard turn. Also, they have proposed an identification method for equivalent elastic parameters of a snowboard. In this study, to clarify the effect of the mechanical property (elastic parameter) of snowboard on the snowboard turn, the numerical approach and the identification method are used. First, by using vibrational properties of the snowboard, the mechanical property that is one of important factors for simulating the snowboard turn is identified. Next, by using the identified mechanical property, the snowboard turn is simulated. Consequently, it is shown that the snowboard turn is influenced by the snowboard model. Furthermore, it is presented that the snowboard turn changes extremely even if the mechanical property of the snowboard are changed partially.
Murine typhus: a re-emerging rickettsial zoonotic disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Murine typhus, caused by Rickettsia typhi, is re-emerging in many parts of the world. The disease is also called endemic typhus to differentiate from epidemic typhus (caused by Rickettsia prowazekii), and sometimes also named flea-borne typhus. Occasionally, literature sources will include Rickettsia felis as a causative agent of flea-borne typhus, but illnesses caused by R. felis are actually flea-borne spotted fever. Murine typhus occurs in warm, coastal areas worldwide. In the United States, most cases are reported from California, Texas, and Hawaii. Murine typhus is usually a self-limited febrile illness but about one-quarter of patients suffer organ complications. The disease is only infrequently fatal. Regarding disease ecology, the historical paradigm is that rats (Rattus rattus and R. norvegicus) are reservoirs of R. typhi worldwide, with rat fleas (Xenopsylla cheopis) as primary vectors. More recently, researchers have proposed an alternative suburban murine typhus transmission cycle involving opossums, cat fleas, cats, and dogs in Texas, California, and rural Mexico. Because cat fleas feed on a variety of mammals, there may be other avenues for R. typhi transmission, including stray or feral cats bringing cat fleas and other infected fleas into proximity with humans and possible aerosolization of infected flea feces. Additional fleas, ticks, lice, and mites may play a role in various areas throughout the world, but a striking lack of fundamental research on this topic makes drawing conclusions difficult. This review provides an overview of the history, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of murine typhus, with special emphasis on its disease ecology.