jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Elektronentransfer und Ionenpaar-Bildung, 28. ESR/ENDOR-Untersuchungen an Radikalanionen und Kontakt-Ionenpaaren der Naturstoff-Chinone Mitomycin C, Streptonigrin, Entobex® und 10,11-Dioxobrucin/Electron Transfer and Ion Pairing, 28. ESR/ENDOR Studies of Radical Anions and Contact Ion Pairs of the Naturally Occurring Quinones Mitomycine C, Streptonigrine, Entobex® and 10,11-Dioxobrucine

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Reduction of naturally occurring para-and ortho-benzoquinone derivatives M to their respective radical anions M ·⊖ can be accomplished under largely aprotic conditions either by cautious low-temperature reaction in THF containing an excess of (2.2.2) cryptand at a potassium mirror or by using the "mild" single electron transfer reagent tetrabutylammonium boranate R 4 N ⊕ BH 4 ⊖ in DMF. On addition of soluble alkali tetraphenylborates Me ⊕ [B(C 6 H 5 ) 4 ] ⊖ , their hitherto unknown radical ion pairs [M ·⊖ Me ⊕ ] · and/or triple ion radical cations [Me ⊕ M ·⊖ Me ⊕ ] ·⊕ form, which might be of biological relevance in molecular carrier and "turn off -turn on" switch processes. On addition of metal perchlorates Me ⊕n (ClO 4 ⊖ ) n with multiply charged counter cations Me ⊕n the respective paramagnetic species [M ·⊖ Me ⊕n ] ·(n-1)⊕ result. Assuming exclusive one-electron transfer reductions without any redox fragmentation reac­tions, ESR, ENDOR and GENERAL TRIPLE spectra are presented and discussed for the following radical anions and radical ion pairs: mitomycin C (M ·⊖ and [M ·⊖ Me x ⊕ ] ·(x-1)⊕ with Me ⊕ = Li ⊕ , Na ⊕ ), streptonigrine (M ·⊖ and [M ·⊖ Li x ⊕ ] ·(x-1)⊕ ), Entobex® (M ·⊖ and [M ·⊖ Me ⊕n ] ·(n-1)⊕ with Me ⊕n = Li ⊕ , Na ⊕ , Cd ⊕⊕ , (H 5 C 6 ) 2 Tl ⊕ ) as well as brucinequinone ([M ·⊖ Me ⊕n ] ·(n-1)⊕ with Me ⊕n = Li ⊕ , Cd ⊕⊕ , Pb ⊕⊕ , La ⊕⊕⊕ ).
Interactive Learning Media Development Articulate Storyline to Improve Science Literacy Capabilities of Junior High School Students

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of the research was to determine the validity, practicality and effectiveness of interactive learning media based on Articulate Storyline on Global Warming Materials to improve the science literacy skills of junior high school students. The type of research uses development research with the model ADDIE. This research was conducted on class VII B students at one of the schools in the city of Probolinggo. This study used data collection techniques and instruments, including validation sheets, observation sheets of learning outcomes, tests, interviews and documentation. The results showed that interactive learning media based on Articulate Storyline is very valid with a percentage of 94.25%, very practical with a percentage of 92%, quite effective with an N-gain of 0.52 and a percentage of student response of 85%. So, interactive learning media based on Articulate Storyline on Global Warming Materials can be very feasible to use in science learning to improve the science literacy skills of junior high school students.
The influence of selected factors on the failure rate of the water pipelines located on t he area of the impact of mining tremors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The article presents the influence of the selected factors, including mining tremors, described by the parameter PGVHmax on the failure rate of the water distribution pipelines. In created multiple regression models, the following independent variables were used: diameter and material from which the pipes were made, operation time without failure, the age of pipes, the value of pressure and PGVHmax. The values of PGVHmax in places with damaged water pipelines were determined by constructed the seismic wave propagation models. The analysis was carried out for a random sample of all water pipelines and extracted from this sample new groups: steel and gray cast iron pipes, their diameters, diameters and materials, and their construction time.
A machine learning-based choledocholithiasis prediction tool to improve ERCP decision making: a proof-of-concept study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Previous studies demonstrated limited accuracy of existing guidelines for predicting choledocholithiasis, leading to overutilization of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). More accurate stratification may improve patient selection for ERCP and allow use of lower-risk modalities. Methods A machine learning model was developed using patient information from two published cohort studies that evaluated performance of guidelines in predicting choledocholithiasis. Prediction models were developed using the gradient boosting model (GBM) machine learning method. GBM performance was evaluated using 10-fold cross-validation and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Important predictors of choledocholithiasis were identified based on relative importance in the GBM. Results 1378 patients (mean age 43.3 years; 61.2% female) were included in the GBM and 59.4% had choledocholithiasis. Eight variables were identified as predictors of choledocholithiasis. The GBM had accuracy of 71.5% (SD 2.5%) (AUC 0.79 [SD 0.06]) and performed better than the 2019 American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) guidelines (accuracy 62.4% [SD 2.6%]; AUC 0.63 [SD 0.03]) and European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guidelines (accuracy 62.8% [SD 2.6%]; AUC 0.67 [SD 0.02]). The GBM correctly categorized 22% of patients directed to unnecessary ERCP by ASGE guidelines, and appropriately recommended as the next management step 48% of ERCPs incorrectly rejected by ESGE guidelines. Conclusions A machine learning-based tool was created, providing real-time, personalized, objective probability of choledocholithiasis and ERCP recommendations. This more accurately directed ERCP use than existing ASGE and ESGE guidelines, and has the potential to reduce morbidity associated with ERCP or missed choledocholithiasis.
Catheter intervention for branch and crossed pulmonary arteries

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Over the last decade, stent implantation has become a widely accepted, effective therapy for the treatment of pulmonary arterial (PA) stenoses. Stent implantation has proved to be a safe procedure with minimal complications. To review our experience with branch PA stenting. We reviewed also catheter based interventions for patients with right aortic arch and crossed pulmonary arteries associated with branch PA stenosis. Retrospective data analysis of all patients who had branch PA stenting at KACC, NGHA, Riyadh KSA, during the period from January 2006 till October 2009. Patients with pulmonary atresia VSD and MAPCAS were excluded. Twenty-one patients were identified to have PA stenting during the study period. 14 were females (66.7%). Six patients (29%) were syndromic (Alagile syndrome, DiGeorge syndrome, Down syndrome, Goldenhar Syndrome, and Noonan Syndrome). Five patients (24%) had crossed Pas. Seven patients (33%) had PA, VSD, PDA, Two had TOF, one had AVSD with TOF, one DORV, one TGA, one truncus arteriosus with IAA type B, and one had Bicuspid AV with aortic stenosis as a primary diagnosis. All of them had branch PA stenting as a secondary procedure (post surgical intervention). Six patients (29%) had PA stenting as a primary intervention with no prior surgical intervention. Six patients (29%) had Bilateral branch PAs stenting, 11 (52%) had LPA stenting and 4 (19%) had RPA stenting. The median age at branch PA stenting was 35 months (range 2 months to 45 years). The median weight was 10.5 kg (2.8–100 kg). The median F/U period was 32 months (40 days to 61 months). Ten patients (48%) required stent dilatation after a median period of 28 months (12–38 months). One patient had failed LPA stenting (stent embolized and parked into RPA) who later underwent another intervention with successful LPA stenting. Stent implantation has proved to be a safe procedure with minimal complications. Even in those with crossed Pas. Restenoses is long term concerns which are amenable to redilatation with excellent results.
Long-term post-operative surgical hypoparathyroidism—metabolic abnormalities and adherence to guidelines on management

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background This study was done in patients with long-term (&gt;6 months) post-operative surgical hypoparathyroidism (PoSH), to determine the rate of metabolic abnormalities and adherence to European Society of Endocrinology (ESE) monitoring guidelines (2015) and proportion of patients weaned successfully. Method All patients with PoSH (requiring supplements) between 2009 and 2018 were identified using healthcare records at a tertiary center. Data on perioperative blood/urine biochemistry, and evidence of post-operative bone/renal disease was collected. Intention to adhere to ESE guidelines and patients weaned off supplements were recorded. Results Of 51 patients with PoSH, 44 had surgery in index unit. Most had thyroid surgery (n = 46), followed by parathyroid surgery, or both (n = 5). Median (IQR) age was 49.7 (32.4–61.4) years with female/male ratio of 3:1. Median (IQR) follow-up duration was 51 (23–72) months. Overall, the ‘intention to adhere’ to ESE guidelines rate was 61%. 18 (35%) patients were weaned off supplements after median (IQR) follow-up of 21.5 (1–98) months. 32 (63%) patients did not have vitamin D levels of &gt;75 nmol/L during follow up. Median (IQR) annual rate of creatinine rise was 2.8 (1.1–5.7) mmol/year. At least one episode of hypercalcaemia, hyperphosphatemia and hypomagnesemia were recorded in 8 (15%), 33 (65%) and 12 (24%) patients, respectively. No patient had evidence of new end organ (bone/kidney) damage. Of 12 patients with recorded urine biochemistry, five had hypercalciuria. Conclusion Metabolic abnormalities are common and monitoring in patients with long-term PoSH needs improvement. A significant number of patients with long-term PoSH can be successfully weaned off supplements.
P264 Medication usage in hypermobile ehlers-danlos syndrome/hypermobile spectrum disorder patients with concomitant disorders of gut-brain interactions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction

Disorders of Gut-Brain Interactions (DGBI) are common in patients with Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome/Hypermobile Spectrum Disorder (hEDS/HSD). DGBIs are often difficult to manage, with polypharmacy worsening symptoms1 and contributing to increased healthcare costs. No study to date has looked at medication use and costs in patients with DGBI and coexistent hEDS/HSD.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was performed in hEDS/HSD patients from EDS-UK and tertiary neurogastroenterology clinics. Patients completed a ROME IV and healthcare utilisation questionnaire (adapted from the IBD Boost Study2) to include comorbidities and medications prescribed over 6 months. Costs were calculated based on the NHS Business Services Authority Prescription Cost Analysis.3

Results

660 hEDS/HSD patients completed the study; 92.9% were female, median age of 39. All fulfilled ROME IV criteria for ≥1 DGBI; there was a median of 6 other co-morbidities (table 1). Polypharmacy was very common. Patients were on a median of 6 medications (maximum 23) over 6 months, which accounted for 12% of total healthcare costs. 99.4% were on ≥1, 73.2% were on ≥5, 34.8% were on ≥8, and 3.3% were on ≥15 medications. Anticholinergics (e.g. buscopan, cyclizine) were the most commonly prescribed (75.5%) and costliest medications (£105.33 per patient over 6 months) followed by neuromodulators and antihistamines/mast cell stabilisers (MCS) (table 1). of the 47.4% on an antihistamine and/or MCS, 39.3% of patients were diagnosed with mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS). 39.4% were prescribed opioids. Patients were on a maximum of 4 opioids, with 21.8% on >1, and 14 (2.1%) on >3 opioids. A minority (n=11) of patients were on a non-oral opioid formulation (i.e. patch, lozenge or lolly). 23.6% were on an anti-emetic; of this 9.0% were on ≥3.

Conclusions

Despite their significant gastrointestinal side effects, opioids and anticholinergic medication were widely used in this cohort. Polypharmacy within as well as across drug classes, is highly prevalent, with the pharmaceutical burden more pronounced than in the elderly population.4 With significant costs and negative health outcomes associated with polypharmacy, practices should be reviewed, and guidelines created regarding prescribing and indeed deprescribing in this group of patients.

References

Maher, et al. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety. 2014;13(1). Roukas, et al. Frontline Gastroenterology 2022;14(1). NHSBSA. Prescription Cost Analysis – England 2020/21 2021. NHS Digital Health Survey for England – 2016.
Effects of cold leg steam and flow baffles on ECC delivery in a simulated multiloop PWR geometry with steam upflow and superheated walls. Quarterly progress report, April 1, 1975--June 30, 1975

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Creare program is studying ECC bypass and downcomer effects in a $sup 1$/$sub 15$-scale, planar, multiple leg injection model of a Pressurized Water Reactor. Specifically, the parameters being investigated are ECC injection, steam upflow, cold leg steam, flow baffles (as an alternate ECCS concept), and superheated downcomer walls. The work reported here involved experiments investigating the effects of cold leg steam and flow baffles, both with superheated and with saturated downcomer walls. The results of tests with cold leg steam were similar to tests injecting water of a subcooling equivalent to that of the cold leg steam/ECC water mixture in the cold legs (despite oscillations of a liquid plug in the cold legs in some cases). All three downcomer baffle designs tested helped water delivery in this facility, although it is not clear that the benefits would also occur, say, with a scaled lower plenum. 11 references. (auth)
SN2-Type Nucleophilic Opening of β-Thiolactones (Thietan-2-ones) as a Source of Thioacids for Coupling Reactions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Beta-thiolactones monosubstituted in the 3-position by alkyl and carbamoyl groups undergo nucleophilic ring opening by arenethiolates through a process involving an S(N)2-type attack at the 4-position leading to 3-arylthiopropionates substituted in the 2-position. These thiocarboxylates can be trapped in situ by Mukaiyama's reagent or Sanger's reagent through a nucleophilic aromatic substitution process leading to highly activated thioesters that are then allowed to react further with primary or secondary amines leading, overall, to one-pot, three-component syntheses of 3-arylthiopropionamides carrying various substituents in the 2-position. Alternatively, the trapping combination of an electron deficient aryl halide and an amine may be replaced by a 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonamide, resulting in the formation of the same products overall with the incorporation of the latent amine in the sulfonamide into the final amide product. In another embodiment, the thiocarboxylate intermediate is allowed to react with a sulfonyl azide, resulting overall in N-arenesulfonyl 3-arylthiopropionamide derivatives.
RUSSIA-CHINA COOPERATION IN THE MIDDLE EAST: STRATEGIC ALLIANCES AND ECONOMIC INFLUENCE IN A MULTIPOLAR WORLD

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Russia and China deepen Middle Eastern cooperation as the powers work to shift global balance of power. Both wield similar tools of diplomacy, economics, and security to underwrite their position throughout the region. It is an alliance not based on formal treaties but rather coordinated policies and shared presidential interests in counteracting the West. Russia has long-standing military and energy relationships with countries including Iran and Syria, using arms sales and joint projects for infrastructure to cement access and expand diplomatic ties. With its Belt and Road Initiative, port development, and energy contracts, China focuses on investment and trade and provides capital. Such actions breed trust and develop financial dependencies that expand China’s leverage. Such coordination constricts the space for Western-led sanctions and facilitates alternative trajectories for regional players. In many cases, Middle Eastern governments leverage engagement with the Russians and the Chinese to negotiate better terms with Western partners. Though the two powers come to the region with different sets of tools, their strategies often overlap. "Less involved in armed conflict, China supports post-conflict reconstruction." Russia, by contrast, uses limited military power — and then negotiates political settlements. These roles have a symbiotic relationship, enabling them both to thrive without competing against one another. This cooperation is restructuring economic flows, and decision-making, across oil markets, telecommunications, and defence procurement. This allows more acceptance of non-Western governance models. Hence the Middle East is an important arena of multipolarity in practice. The results are far from certain, but the expanding footprint of Russia and China in the region has long-term implications for global diplomacy and trade routes — with a lingering counterbalance wherever Western influence wanes or is contested. A sample of 239 was collected to find the result of the study. The factors that impact Strategic Alliances and Economic Influence of Russia & China cooperation in a Multipolar World are Geopolitical Shifts and Strategic Objectives, Economic Cooperation and Trade, Military and Security Cooperation, and Diplomatic Influence.
Automated Data Retrieval, Analysis and Operational Response Using Substation Intelligent Electronic Devices

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

SUMMARY Availability of a multitude of substation Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) has created a challenge in utilities of how to manage the abundance of data recorded by such devices during various types of events. The paper explores the goals, objectives and deployment aspects of field solutions that are aimed at data retrieval, analysis and decision support for operators. The goals of utilizing IED data are in general driven by the cost benefit in utilizing more data and better information to improve reliability, quality of service, personnel productivity, regulatory compliance, and utilization of assets. The objectives are to develop such solutions through seamless integration with legacy solutions hence assuring continuity of existing and introduction of new practices. Hence the deployment approaches have to be based on interoperability and open platform solutions that assure upgradability, testability and amenability to global standard adoption while meeting the cybersecurity requirements. To illustrate different requirements for data retrieval and analysis, as well as different aspect of the operational uses, several applications are explored: cause-effect analysis of protective relay operation, optimization of fault location calculation, intelligent alarm processing , and utilization of the field data for troubleshooting tests. For each application an example of how the data processing may be implemented is given and improvements criteria are established. To illustrate the best practices this paper starts with discussion of new requirements for such solutions. In all instances the end users have to be identified and their needs have to be clearly articulated through development of well-structured use case scenarios. After the approaches to the deployment specification are discussed, the paper illustrates various implementations undertaken by several utilities. For each case the applications of interest are outlined, specific deployment scenarios are explained, and expected benefits are summarized. Last but not least, interoperability concept based on the Grid Wise Architecture Council's stack (1), an interoperability context-setting framework, is mentioned as it applies to the types of applications discussed in this paper.
Stability of Whole Blood Antioxidants During Overnight Storage at 4°C

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To evaluate the reproducibility of antioxidant vitamin assays where sample-handling logistics might preclude prompt separation of erythrocytes (RBC) from plasma, subjects (n=8, 6M/2F) were recruited and non-fasting blood collected. We hypothesized that samples could be collected using a single anticoagulant that would not interfere with routine assays of plasma and RBC α-tocopherol (α-T), ascorbic acid (AA), and vitamin E metabolites (α- and γ-CEHCs). To test this hypothesis, blood samples were collected into tubes containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Li- or Na-heparin, then either were 1) processed immediately and samples frozen (-80° C), or 2) stored at 4° C, then at 30 h plasma and RBC isolated, then frozen. Plasma (acidified 1:1 with 5% metaphosphoric acid) AA concentrations were highly unstable; time=0, AA (68±14) in EDTA concentrations were lower than in either heparin (Li- 115 ±15 vs Na- 111 ± 15 μM, ANOVA P=0.018, Tukey P<0.05); in 30 h stored EDTA samples AA decreased by 75%, but heparin AA samples did not. Neither time prior to processing, nor anticoagulant used had any significant effects upon plasma or RBC α-Ts, or plasma CEHCs, whether measured by HPLC with electrochemical detection or mass spectrometry. Thus, whole blood collected with heparin refrigerated at 4°C overnight is effectively protected for analysis of plasma AA and α-T, α- and γ-CEHCs and RBC α-T. Supported by NIH grant R01 DK081761.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF ADVERSITYQUOTIENT SCALE FOR SECONDARY SCHOOLTEACHERS

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Adversity quotient is a persons ability to deal and overcome all the adversities faced in life by
him/her. This study was done for the validation and development of scale on adversity quotient of teachers
teaching in secondary schools. The present study was done to assess adversity quotient level of seven hundred
teachers teaching in secondary schools of Punjab (India). A three factor structure was explored through
exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and further confirmed by the results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)
having a good model of fit. The overall and dimension-wise reliability statistics revealed that the items possess
adequate internal consistency. Validity statistics shows that the content validity and concurrent validity reveal a
significant correlation. So, the adversity quotient scale will provide valid and consistent results. Therefore, the
adversity quotient scale may be considered appropriate and good in measuring adversity quotient level of
teachers teaching in secondary schools.
MILLIMETER WAVE SPECTRA AND CENTRIFUGAL STRETCHING CONSTANTS OF THE METHYL $HALIDES^{*}$

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

$^{*}$Supported by a contract with the United States Air Force. $^{**}$Visiting Fulbright Scholar, 1953-54. On Sabbatical leave from Edward Davies Chemical Laboratories, University College of Wales, ABERYSTWYTH. $^{1}$ W. C. King and W. Gordy, Phys. Rev. 90:319 (1953) $^{2}$ Tsu-Shen Chang and D. M. Dennison, J. Chem. Phys. 21:1293 (1953) $^{3}$ J. W. Simmons and W. E. Anderson, Phys. Rev. 80:338 (1950) $^{4}$J. Pickworth and H. W. Thompson, Trans. Faraday Soc. 50:218, (1954)