jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Neolithic Causewayed Enclosure at Staines, Surrey: Excavations 1961–63

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The partial excavation under rescue conditions in 1961–63 of the ditches and interior of an enclosure of the earlier neolithic period is described. The enclosure, covering a total area of approximately 2.4 ha, was defined by double concentric interrupted ditches, which were for the most part naturally filled. There were many traces of activity within the interior, presumed to be contemporary with the ditches, including pits, gullies, post- and stake-holes, and varying concentrations of struck and burnt flint and pottery. Human burials were found. There is a little Ebbsfleet pottery in secondary contexts and there are later prehistoric, Roman and medieval finds. It is probably not possible to ascribe a single or specific role to the site, which may have been important as a place where several activities were concentrated, including occupation, subsistence, exchange, enclosure or defence, burial and ritual.
Influence of NH3 Flow Rate on the Ferromagnetic Properties of N-Doped SnO2 Nanowires

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

N-doped SnO₂ nanowires were synthesized via chemical vapor deposition in the presence of NH₃ gas with SnO₂ nanowires as the precursor. All samples exhibited room-temperature ferromagnetism (FM). X-ray diffraction measurement showed that the FM is intrinsic. Results of vibrating sample magnetometry indicated that FM decreased along with increasing NH₃ flow rate. Further analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the N atom was substituted at the lattice site of O, and NH₃ was chemisorbed in the surface of samples. The chemisorbed NH₃ was the dominant ingredient and main factor causing the significant decrease in FM. However, the FM of the samples after etching was enhanced due to the doped N atoms.
Super Twisting SMC Based Speed Sensorless PMSM Driven Solar PV Water Pumping System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a super twisting sliding mode controller based (ST-SMC) vector controlled speed sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) driven single stage solar photovoltaic (PV) water pumping system is proposed. The ST-SMC minimizes chattering associated with the conventional SMC without affecting tracking accuracy, steady-state performance and robustness of the system. The rotor position is estimated using back-emf method. This eliminates the need of costly mechanical position sensors and increases reliability of the system. A drift free perturb and observe (DF-PO) maximum power point (MPP) tracking (MPPT) algorithm is used to operate solar PV array at MPP. The output of MPPT controller and the DC link ST-SMC are used to generate reference speed command. The switching pulses for voltage source inverter (VSI) are generated by the hysteresis controller. A prototype of the proposed system is developed. The steady-state, starting and dynamic performances are examined under variable solar irradiations.
The use of aero-magnetics to enhance a numerical groundwater model of the Lagan Valley aquifer, Northern Ireland

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Numerical modelling of aquifers is a standard process in the sustainable management of groundwater resources.To be reliable, a groundwater model requires an accurate geological framework, particularly where structure is complex.The Lagan Valley aquifer near Belfast is an example of an otherwise generally homogenous sandstone aquifer intruded by extensive swarms of low-permeability igneous dykes.The dissection of the aquifer by these dykes affects groundwater flow direction and borehole yield.We have used the Tellus aeromagnetic data to map the extent of these dykes and so improve the geometrical parameterisation of the models.Two methods are described for incorporating the effect of the dykes: a visual deterministic approach and a stochastic approach using Multiple Point Statistics.Both approaches resulted in models that significantly improved matches to observed groundwater levels and flow directions, demonstrating the value of aero-magnetic data for constraining these models.
Experimental Study on Normal-Section Bearing Capacity of Steel Reinforced High-Strength Concrete L-Shape Short Pier Shear Wall

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Based on the experimental study of normal-section bearing capacity of four steel reinforced high-strength concrete (SRHC) L-shape short pier shear walls with two-way eccentric compressive load, this thesis discussed the failure pattern and working mechanism and get some general laws about normal-section baring capacity of this kind of specimens. The research results show that: the failure pattern of SRHC L-shape short pier shear wall with two-way eccentric compressive load is classified into two types-large eccentric compression and small eccentric compression; the sectional strain basically fit the plane-section assumption; steel and concrete can practically work cooperatively until the specimens are damaged and the steel of compressive region yielded; the normal section baring properties of the perforated frame member and the trussed frame member were fairly close to each other and the trussed frame has no advantage compared with the perforated one.
Incidence of Vasospasm, Outcome, and Quality of Life after Endovascular and Surgical Treatment of Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms: Results of a Single-Center Prospective Study in Switzerland

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background . Outcome after endovascular versus surgical treatment of ruptured aneurysms is still controversial. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of cerebral vasospasm (CVS), outcome, and quality of life in patients undergoing endovascular or surgical treatment. Methods . This single-center prospective study included all patients undergoing aneurysm occlusion over a one-year period. All patients underwent postinterventional CT scan, TCD, and angiography on day 9±2 . Outcome (Barthel Index, NIHSS, mRS, MMSE) was evaluated at 6 and 12 weeks. Quality of life (EuroQoL, SF-12) was assessed at 6 months. Results . A total of 66 patients were included. The overall mortality due to CVS was 9.9%, and higher in the surgical (14.6%) than in the endovascular group (4%). The incidence of symptomatic (29.2% versus 24%) and angiographic (70.7% versus 52%) CVS was not statistically significant different between the two groups. No differences in outcome or quality of life (SF-12) could be demonstrated. Conclusions . The outcome and quality of life of patients undergoing endovascular or surgical treatment seems not to significantly differ if demographic, radiological, and intensive care parameters are similar. A trend toward lower incidence of CVS in patients undergoing endovascular treatment was observed.
Fantasy and Ideology in a Chinese Film: A Zizekian Reading of the Cultural Revolution

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Research Article| May 01 2004 Fantasy and Ideology in a Chinese Film: A Žižekian Reading of the Cultural Revolution Tonglin Lu Tonglin Lu Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google positions (2004) 12 (2): 539–564. https://doi.org/10.1215/10679847-12-2-539 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Tonglin Lu; Fantasy and Ideology in a Chinese Film: A Žižekian Reading of the Cultural Revolution. positions 1 May 2004; 12 (2): 539–564. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/10679847-12-2-539 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll Journalspositions Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. 2004 by Duke University Press2004 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Water-Stable Cd(II)-Based\nMetal–Organic Framework:\nAntibiotic Detection and Photochromism Behavior

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Solvothermal\nreaction of cadmium nitrate with a polypyridine-containing\nligand tetra(pyridine-4-yl)benzene-1,4-diamine (TBD) gives rise to\na novel Cd(II)-organic framework with the 3D interpenetrated architecture\n[Cd(TBD) (NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·DMA](<b>1</b>) (DMA\n= <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethylacetamide). The stability\ntest is performed on compound <b>1</b>, which shows that the\nCd-MOF can be quite stable in water and even harsh conditions. A photoluminescence\nstudy has been investigated on <b>1</b>. Remarkably, nitrofurantoin,\nas a kind of antibiotic, has a great quenching effect on the luminescent\nperformance of the prepared hybrid, suggesting that compound <b>1</b> can be regarded as an effective chemical sensor to detect\nspecific analytes. The anti-interference test, recyclability examination,\nand sensing mechanism have been further conducted. Moreover, in virtue\nof the electron transfer from oxygen of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup> to nitrogen atoms of TBD, photochromism behavior can be easily realized\nin compound <b>1</b>.
Regulatory and Helper Follicular T Cells and Antibody Avidity to Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Glycoprotein 120

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract T follicular regulatory cells (TFR) are a suppressive CD4+ T cell subset that migrates to germinal centers (GC) during Ag presentation by upregulating the chemokine receptor CXCR5. In the GC, TFR control T follicular helper cell (TFH) expansion and modulate the development of high-affinity Ag-specific responses. In this study, we identified and characterized TFR as CXCR5+CCR7− “follicular” T regulatory cells in lymphoid tissues of healthy rhesus macaques, and we studied their dynamics throughout infection in a well-defined animal model of HIV pathogenesis. TFR were infected by SIVmac251 and had comparable levels of SIV DNA to CXCR5−CCR7+ “T zone” T regulatory cells and TFH. Contrary to the SIV-associated TFH expansion in the chronic phase of infection, we observed an apparent reduction of TFR frequency in cell suspension, as well as a decrease of CD3+Foxp3+ cells in the GC of intact lymph nodes. TFR frequency was inversely associated with the percentage of TFH and, interestingly, with the avidity of the Abs that recognize the SIV gp120 envelope protein. Our findings show changes in the TFH/TFR ratio during chronic infection and suggest possible mechanisms for the unchecked expansion of TFH cells in HIV/SIV infection.
Data from Identification of Molecular Predictors of Response in a Study of Tipifarnib Treatment in Relapsed and Refractory Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Microarray technology was used to identify gene expression markers that predict response to the orally available farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib (Zarnestra, R115777) in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML).</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> Gene expression profiles from 58 bone marrow samples from a cohort of relapsed and refractory AML patients were analyzed on the Affymetrix U133A gene chip that contains ∼22,000 genes.</p><p><b>Results:</b> Supervised statistical analysis identified eight gene expression markers that could predict patient response to tipifarnib. The most robust gene was the lymphoid blast crisis oncogene (<i>AKAP13</i>), which predicted response with an overall accuracy of 63%. This gene provided a negative predictive value of 93% and a positive predictive value of 31% (increased from 18%). <i>AKAP13</i> was overexpressed in patients who were resistant to tipifarnib. When overexpressed in the HL60 and THP1 cell lines, <i>AKAP13</i> increased the resistance to tipifarnib by approximately 5- to 7-fold.</p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> Diagnostic gene expression signatures may be used to select a group of AML patients that might respond to tipifarnib.</p></div>
Modelling multimodal population brain imaging data

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Neuroimaging allows for the non-invasive study of the brain in rich detail. Data-driven discovery of patterns of population variability in the brain has the potential to be extremely valuable for early disease diagnosis and understanding the brain. The resulting patterns can be used as imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs), and may complement existing expert-curated IDPs. However, population datasets, comprising many different structural and functional imaging modalities from thousands of subjects, provide a computational challenge not previously addressed. Here, we proposed two approaches, termed BigFLICA and SuperBigFLICA, that are scalable for data fusion of voxel-level neuroimaging data in the UK Biobank (UKB) dataset, that will soon reach 100,000 imaged subjects. The BigFLICA is an unsupervised multimodal independent component analysis approach, and the SuperBigFLICA improves BigFLICA by using the information from non-imaging phenotypes in a semi-supervised fashion. Both of them can estimate modes of population variability that enhance the ability to predict thousands of phenotypic and behavioural variables compared to previous approaches. Many interpretable associations with non-imaging phenotypes were identified, including multimodal spatial maps related to fluid intelligence, handedness and disease. For the longitudinal prediction of brain imaging data, it remains largely unknown whether we can predict individualised longitudinal changes of brain imaging features based only on the baseline brain images, which would be of great value for longitudinal brain studies and early design of personalised treatments. We explore this possibility of using longitudinal data of 50 modalities in UK Biobank brain imaging studies with around 3500 subjects. We designed a deep U-Net based model for predicting longitudinal changes in multimodal brain images, and proposed a new mathematical framework for evaluating the longitudinal prediction results, including detecting the existence of changes in data, deriving baseline prediction performance and distinguishing change prediction from data denoising. Our results show that the proposed model can predict to a modest degree individualised longitudinal changes in almost all 50 modalities, and outperforms other popular models. Further, the predicted longitudinal changes have a similar or even improved accuracy of predicting subjects’ non-imaging phenotypes, and have a high between-subject discriminability. Our results show the potentials of our model for longitudinal data imputation, and show several caveats when performing longitudinal data analysis.
[Study on maternal-fetal status of Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Mn and Se elements and transplacental transfer efficiency].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To understand the levels of Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Mn, and Se in maternal and umbilical cord blood, and to explore the transplacental transfer efficiency (TTE). Methods: From September 2010 to December 2013, a total of 773 pregnant women and their newborns (Laizhou Bay Birth Cohort) were recruited from a second grade hospital in the south bank of Laizhou Bay, Bohai, Shandong Province. According to different detection methods, the six measured elements are classified into three groups including the Hg measurement group (595 mother-newborn pairs), the Pb measurement group (534 mother-newborn pairs), and the Cd, As, Mn and Se measurement group (244 mother-newborn pairs). The demographic characteristics of pregnant women and their newborns were obtained by the questionnaire. The concentrations of elements in maternal and umbilical cord blood were detected and the TTE of each element (elemental concentration in cord blood/elemental concentration in maternal blood) was calculated. The correlation of elements between maternal and cord blood was analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results: The mean±SD of maternal age, gestational week and newborn birth weight of 773 mother-infant pairs were (28.34±4.50) years, (39.47±1.39) weeks and (3 419.47±497.39) g respectively. The median concentrations of Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Mn and As in maternal and cord blood were 31.12 and 30.02, 1.19 and 0.47, 8.05 and 6.03, 0.69 and 1.26, 100.70 and 105.55, 127.25 and 115.00 μg/L, respectively. The TTE of Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Mn, and Se was 0.98, 0.41, 0.73, 1.73, 0.96 and 0.91, respectively. Pb, Cd, Hg, Mn, and Se showed a significant positive correlation between maternal blood and cord blood, with Spearman correlation coefficients of 0.397, 0.298, 0.698, 0.555, and 0.285 (all P values<0.001). Conclusion: Each element was commonly detected in maternal blood and cord blood. The TTE of Hg was the highest.
NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE MICROFLORA OF A SLIME ACCUMULATION IN A PAPER MILL

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The nutrition of microorganisms isolated from an accumulation of slime has been examined. A number of the fungi and bacteria had an absolute requirement for one or more vitamins. The growth rates of others were markedly stimulated by low concentrations of biotin. In general, both mono- and disaccharides were readily utilized by the isolates. Geotrichum candidum, Candida reukaufii, and Sporotrichum sp. were unable to utilize nitrate nitrogen and several bacteria required amino acids.
Mammal Taxa Constituting Potential Coevolved Reservoirs of Filoviruses

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The virus family Filoviridae includes 2 genera, the Marburg viruses and the Ebola viruses. The ecology of the filoviruses is poorly known, and indeed their host relationships remain completely unknown. An earlier effort prioritized mammalian taxa as to their possible status as the long-term coevolved reservoir of the filoviruses based on a coarse, regional classification of occurrences; here, we greatly refine the geographic data set for the mammalian taxa based on rich occurrence data sets and range interpolations from ecological niche models for each species involved. This improved detail permits a much more detailed inspection of distributional overlap patterns, and consequently a shorter list of candidate taxa—geographic analysis of 124 mammalian clades led to identification of 55 groups of interest that coincide spatially with known filovirus outbreaks, and fulfill the requirements of several additional assumptions. We discuss implications of our results for the search for the filovirus reservoir, and for research in African mammalogy.
Science and the Public—What should people know?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The public understanding of science is a term now considered somewhat narrow and carrying connotations of a 'deficit model' of the public. Since the late 1980s, however, regular public surveys have been conducted to find out what facts about science the public knows. These include such questions as whether the Earth goes round the Sun, which is frequently quoted as an indication of public knowledge. The results of the surveys have been used as comparative measures of public understanding across time and across countries since their inception. Concurrently, however, there have been questions raised in the literature about the validity and meaning of these surveys. In this paper we review that literature. We also describe the results of administering the survey to over 500 scientists. The scientists found the questions problematic, especially if the topic of the question lay within their own discipline, and in many cases did not remember the correct answer. We discuss the implications of the findings for using such questions in public surveys and recommend that current assessments of public knowledge which use these questions be revised, recognising that such measures are not meaningful as indicators of public engagement with science.
A review of botanical interventions for neuropathy and neuropathic pain

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Neuropathy is a complex condition characterized by nerve damage and a wide range of symptoms, creating significant challenges in clinical management. Traditional pharmacological treatments often present partial efficacy and adverse side effects, prompting increasing interest in botanical interventions. This review evaluates the effectiveness of various plants in treating neuropathy and neuropathic pain, focusing on their pharmacological properties, mechanisms of action, clinical studies, dosage, and safety profiles. Notable plants include Crocus sativus (saffron), Citrullus colocynthis (bitter apple), Curcuma longa (turmeric), Lavandula angustifolia (lavender), and Cannabis sativa. These botanicals demonstrate anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and analgesic effects, highlighting their potential to reduce neuropathic pain and improve patients’ quality of life. Future research should focus on optimizing dosages, clarifying long-term effects, and integrating botanicals into broader treatment protocols for neuropathic care.
Bi-modal contrastive learning for crop classification using Sentinel-2 and Planetscope

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Remote sensing has enabled large-scale crop classification for understanding agricultural ecosystems and estimating production yields. In recent years, machine learning has become increasingly relevant for automated crop classification. However, the existing algorithms require a huge amount of annotated data. Self-supervised learning, which enables training on unlabeled data, has great potential to overcome the problem of annotation. Contrastive learning, a self-supervised approach based on instance discrimination, has shown promising results in the field of natural as well as remote sensing images. Crop data often consists of field parcels or sets of pixels from small spatial regions. Additionally, one needs to account for temporal patterns to correctly label crops. Hence, the standard approaches for landcover classification cannot be applied. In this work, we propose two contrastive self-supervised learning approaches to obtain a pre-trained model for crop classification without the need for labeled data. First, we adopt the uni-modal contrastive method (SCARF) and, second, we use a bi-modal approach based on Sentinel-2 and Planetscope data instead of standard transformations developed for natural images to accommodate the spectral characteristics of crop pixels. Evaluation in three regions of Germany and France shows that crop classification with the pre-trained multi-modal model is superior to the pre-trained uni-modal method as well as the supervised baseline models in the majority of test cases.