jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
La enseñanza de la Religión en la LOMLOE: el regreso al futuro de las incongruencias del pasado

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Religious education is one of the rights that make up the essential content of the religious freedom. However, the continuous modifications experienced in this area, determined by an endless succession of regulations enacted in the field of education, could be endangering both the recognition and the exercise of this right. The latest of these regulations, the LOMLOE, is not an exception. For this reason, this article attempts to address the legal regime conferred by the LOMLOE on the religious education. In order to achieve our objective, it is essential to study the circumstances of the aforementioned organic law, without forgetting to refer to the legal regime of previous stages. In particular, the LOE, the reference and foundation of the current system. Thus, we will examine the degree of correctness of the state legislator and, where appropriate, that of the regional legislators, without forgetting the most significant judicial decisions to that effect. All of this is accompanied by a critical assessment, both of the regulatory regulations and of the different responses offered to the educational community questions. La enseñanza de religión es uno de los derechos que forman parte del contenido esencial del derecho de libertad religiosa. Sin embargo, las continuas modificaciones experimentadas en este ámbito, determinadas por una interminable sucesión de normas promulgadas en materia educativa, podrían estar poniendo en peligro tanto el reconocimiento, como el ejercicio de aquel derecho. La última de estas normas, la LOMLOE, no representa ninguna excepción. Por ello, el presente artículo trata de abordar el régimen jurídico conferido por ésta a la enseñanza de religión. Para alcanzar el objetivo descrito, se hace imprescindible estudiar las circunstancias propias de la ley orgánica citada, sin olvidar referirnos al régimen jurídico de etapas anteriores. En especial, el de la LOE, referencia y fundamento del sistema vigente. Así, se examinará el grado de acierto del legislador estatal y, en su caso, el de los legisladores autonómicos, sin olvidar los pronunciamientos jurisprudenciales más significativos a tal efecto. Todo ello se acompaña de una valoración crítica, tanto de la normativa reguladora, como de las diferentes respuestas ofrecidas a los interrogantes de la comunidad educativa.
Non-degeneracy results for (multi-)pushouts of compact groups

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We prove that embeddings of compact groups are equalizers, and a number of results on pushouts (and more generally, amalgamated free products) in the category of compact groups. Call a family of compact-group embeddings $H\le G_i$ algebraically sound if the corresponding group-theoretic pushout embeds in its Bohr compactification. We (a) show that a family of normal embeddings is algebraically sound in the sense that $G_i$ admit embeddings $G_i\le G$ into a compact group which agree on $H$; (b) give equivalent characterizations of coherently embeddable families of normal embeddings in representation-theoretic terms, via Clifford theory; (c) characterize those compact connected Lie groups $H$ for which all finite families of normal embeddings $H\trianglelefteq G_i$ are coherently embeddable (not having central 2-tori is a sufficient, but not necessary condition), and (d) show that families of split embeddings of compact groups are always algebraically sound.
MINNESOTA DERMATOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acanthosis Nigricans, Juvenile Type. Presented by Dr. H. E. Michelson.

A girl, aged 17, presented a verrucous eruption in both axillae, about the umbilicus and at the sides of the neck. There were no subjective symptoms and no signs of inflammation. The patient was a distinct "endocrine" type; she weighed 225 pounds (102 Kg.) and was 5 feet, 6 inches (167.6 cm.) in height. The basal metabolism was plus 10. Roentgenograms of the skull showed no abnormalities of the sella, and there was no history of ovarian dysfunction. A biopsy showed a papilliform arrangement of the epidermis with an increase of pigment in the basal layer. The cells in the cutis showed pigment. There were no signs of inflammation. (A biopsy specimen was shown).

DISCUSSION

Dr. Paul O'Leary, Rochester: The presumptive diagnosis of acanthosis nigricans seems justified at this time, but a subsequent observation will be necessary to determine whether
La mujer campesina, un territorio para dignificar, hacer memoria y cuidar de la vida

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This reflection article addresses the issue of the peasant woman, whose body is considered the first territory, and analyzes her roles within rurality, from a descolonial perspective. The objective is to promote a dialogue between the context and the subjects that they inhabit. This academic exercise arises in the community of the Garzón node research hotbed with the intention, among other objectives, of generating proposals for the care of the territory and life in the municipality, in a way that articulates ancestral, popular, and institutional knowledge. It is possible to continue questioning the patriarchal structures that still tie us to violent scenarios, deep inequality, job and educational precariousness, and sexual discrimination. Furthermore, it aims to create a shared memory that encourages us to keep coming together and continue building collective memories through words.
INFERTILITY AND GENDER DIFFERENCE IN REACTION AMONG COUPLES AND FAMILY AND COMMUNITY TREATMENT: A STUDY OF PATIENTS ATTENDING N.K.S.T. HOSPITAL MKAR IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The study investigated the incidence of marital instability among couples experiencing involuntary childlessness. The study employed the qualitative research design. Data was obtained from patients who reported for treatment at the infertility clinic in N.K.S.T Hospital, Makar, in Gboko LGA of Benue State, Nigeria through focus group discussions (FGD). Furthermore, healthcare providers and community members were also engaged through in-depth interviews. The result of the study shows that both men and women were in disbelief when they found that they were infertile. Similarly, men and women reacted differently to infertility and this is connected with family and community treatment. Furthermore, community members linked infertility to evil spirits, ancestral curses, witchcraft manipulations and promiscuity. The study concluded that community education and sensitisation is vital towards dispelling the myth associated with infertility causes, prevention and treatment and the understanding that only women can be infertile.
Cell wall thickness has phylogenetically consistent effects on the photosynthetic nitrogen‐use efficiency of terrestrial plants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Leaf photosynthetic nitrogen‐use efficiency (PNUE) diversified significantly among C 3 species. To date, the morpho‐physiological mechanisms and interrelationships shaping PNUE on an evolutionary time scale remain unclear. In this study, we assembled a comprehensive matrix of leaf morpho‐anatomical and physiological traits for 679 C 3 species, ranging from bryophytes to angiosperms, to comprehend the complexity of interrelationships underpinning PNUE variations. We discovered that leaf mass per area (LMA), mesophyll cell wall thickness (T cwm ), Rubisco N allocation fraction (P R ), and mesophyll conductance (g m ) together explained 83% of PNUE variations, with P R and g m accounting for 65% of those variations. However, the P R effects were species‐dependent on g m , meaning the contribution of P R on PNUE was substantially significant in high‐g m species compared to low‐g m species. Standard major axis (SMA) and path analyses revealed a weak correlation between PNUE and LMA ( r 2 = 0.1), while the SMA correlation for PNUE–T cwm was robust ( r 2 = 0.61). P R was inversely related to T cwm , paralleling the relationship between g m and T cwm , resulting in the internal CO 2 drawdown being only weakly proportional to T cwm . The coordination of P R and g m in relation to T cwm constrains PNUE during the course of evolution.
Health Education On Balanced Nutrition in Toddlers in Teluk Pinang Village

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Knowledge of balanced nutrition in toddlers in Indonesia is still relatively low. Of the 37.2% of toddlers in Indonesia, only 13.0% experienced malnutrition status based on age and 2.5% who experienced thinness based on weight compared to height. This means that there are only 13.0% and 2.5% of children under five who have been malnourished from a long time until now, low balanced nutrition knowledge has resulted in Indonesia still facing nutritional problems in toddlers such as malnutrition. Purpose: To determine the effect of "balanced nutrition" education on maternal knowledge in fulfilling "balanced nutrition" in toddlers in Teluk Pinang Village. Method: The method carried out is the lecture method, in this community service, the speaker team provides understanding to 22 mothers who have toddlers. Results: The results of statistical test calculations obtained a t value of 6,953 and p = 0.000 (p<001), meaning that there is an influence of balanced nutrition education for toddlers. From the results obtained from the pre-test and post-test, it shows an increase in participants' understanding from an average pre-test value of 60 to an average post test value of 75. Conclusion: This "balanced nutrition" education can be influenced on mothers who have toddlers, especially for mothers who are poorly educated and relatively young to be able to increase knowledge in meeting the nutrition of toddlers in Teluk Pinang Village.
Utilizing Artificial Neural Networks for Predicting Delays and Assessing Contractor Performance in Roadworks Projects

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Effective execution of roadworks projects relies heavily on contractors' financial capabilities. However, contractors often employ low-price strategies to secure contracts, potentially compromising project performance. This research investigates the impact of bid mark-up effect on delay prediction using prequalification data. Specifically, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is employed to train and predict the performance of winning contractors based on their prequalification characteristics, including project experience, financial indicators, manpower, and working capital. A sensitivity analysis explores how project size influences contractors' financial performance. The findings reveal that financially capable contractors tend to exhibit lower performance when handling smaller contract amounts. To optimize contractor selection for smaller projects, a multi-objective cuckoo search algorithm is employed for minimization, facilitating the identification of contractors with optimal characteristics. The study contributes to the field by demonstrating the effectiveness of ANN in predicting contractor performance and highlights the bid mark-up effect on project delay. By employing this research, decision-makers can enhance the selection process and improve project outcomes by identifying contractors best suited for specific project sizes. The findings bridge the gap between financial capabilities, bid strategies, and project performance in roadworks projects, offering valuable guidance for construction management professionals.
In vitro Antibacterial Screening of Santol (Sandoricum koetjape Merr.) Leaf Crude Extract

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The emergence of different diseases may pose health risk to all people. Nonetheless, Philippines is blessed with natural resources which can be utilized for treating diseases. One of them is a Sandoricum koetjape (Santol) in which the antibacterial action of fresh and dried leaf extracts against bacterial strains such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Salmonella typhimurium, Methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 43300 and isolate, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli 0157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the focus of this study. Kirby-Bauer method was performed for antibacterial action having Vancomycin and Azithromycin as positive controls. T-test analyses revealed no significant difference in the efficacy between positive control and fresh leaf extracts against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. typhimurium, B. cereus, E. coli 0157:H7, MRSA ATCC and isolate. However, there is a significant difference against L. monocytogenes, and P. aeruginosa. In the case of dried leaf extract, there is no significant difference in the zone of inhibition exhibited by S. epidermidis, S. typhimurium, B. cereus, E. coli 0157:H7, MRSA ATCC 43300 and isolate. But, there is a significant difference in S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, and P. aeruginosa. The findings reveal that the positive control is more potent antibacterial drug against the microorganisms than the leaf extracts of Santol.
Development of new capabilities for micro electro-discharge machine

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) is a material removal process that relies on charges dissipated between the electrode and a conductive metal, submerged in a di-electric liquid. The main advantage of EDM or micro EDM allows more effective machining of accurate cavities or complex geometry in the micro scale level. This study describes the development of new capabilities for the existing micro-EDM machine specifically in two configurations; the employment of a rotary disk as the electrode; and the capability to perform a circular groove that varies in diameter and depth. The design and fabrication of the components that enables the configurations will be discussed subsequently in the later part of this report. Subsequently, the report will conclude the observations and comments extracted from the experiments conducted. Last but not least, possible recommendations of future work will be presented at the end of the text.
Emotion Situation Knowledge in Elementary School: Models of Longitudinal Growth and Preschool Correlates

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract We examined individual differences in developmental trajectories of emotion situation knowledge (ESK), at three time points throughout elementary school in a sample of children from economically disadvantaged families. Results showed that ESK and the subscales of joy, fear, anger, shame and interest exhibited positive growth from the first to the fifth grade, whereas scores on the sad subscale declined slightly. Preschool verbal ability predicted first grade scores for joy, fear, and anger, and growth in scores for shame across time. Preschool negative emotional intensity predicted slower growth in overall ESK and the anger and shame subscales. Taken together, these results broaden our basic knowledge of how children's use of situational cues to infer others' emotions develops in middle and late childhood.
Sadananda Choudhury, Economic History of Colonialism. A Study of British Salt Policy in Orissa

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Hocquet Jean-Claude. Sadananda Choudhury, Economic History of Colonialism. A Study of British Salt Policy in Orissa. In: Annales. Économies, Sociétés, Civilisations. 41ᵉ année, N. 4, 1986. pp. 879-881.
Dynamic soil properties in response to anthropogenic disturbance

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Anthropogenic disturbance of natural vegetation can profoundly alter the physical, chemical and biological processes within soils. Rapid removal of topsoil during intense farming can result in an imbalance between soil production through chemical weathering and physical erosion, with direct implications on local biogeochemical cycling. However, the feedbacks between soil erosion, chemical weathering and biogeochemical cycling in response to anthropogenic forcing are not yet fully understood. Here, we study dynamic soil properties for a rapidly changing anthropogenic landscape, and focus on the coupling between physical erosion, soil production and soil chemical weathering. The archaeological site of Santa Maria de Melque (Toledo, Central Spain) was selected for its remarkably long occupation history dating back to the 7th century AD. As part of the agricultural complex, four retention reservoirs were built in the Early Middle Ages. The sedimentary archive was used to track the evolution in sedimentation rates and geochemical properties of the sediment. Catchment-wide soil erosion rates vary slightly between the various occupation phases (7th century-now), but are of the same magnitude as the cosmogenic nuclide-derived erosion rates. However, there exists large spatial variation in physical erosion rates that are coupled with chemical weathering intensities. The sedimentary records suggest that there are important changes in the spatial pattern of sediment source areas through time as a result of changing land use patterns
Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension in the general population of Australia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A recent call-to-action highlighted that Australia is lagging behind high-income countries regarding hypertension control rates. We performed a systematic literature search of reports on prevalence, awareness, treatment and control rates since 2010. We also undertook an individual participant data meta-analysis of six population-based studies in the general population from 1980 to 2018 to understand the size of the problem and trajectories over time. The aggregated data showed that after 2010, hypertension prevalence was 31% [95% confidence interval (CI) 27–34%], and awareness, treatment, and control rates among people with hypertension were 56% (41–71%), 54% (46–62%) and 34% (22–47%), respectively. Since 1980, these figures have shown slight improvement. However, we noted a low availability of quality nationwide databases for Australia. We require critical action to improve the prevention, detection and treatment of hypertension, and highlight the need for large-scale investment in tracking population health in order to produce vital health statistics for the nation.
On the Geometrical Structure of Electromagnetism

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

2 Cell complexes 9 2.1 Dual cell complex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.2 Incidence numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.3 Chains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.4 Boundary of a chain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.5 Cochains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.6 Coboundary of a p -cochain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.7 Discrete Stokes theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Experimental and theoretical studies of protein transport in hollow-fibre bioreactors for mammalian cell culture

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Cultivation of marnrnalian cells in the extracapillary space (ECS) of hollow-fibre bioreactors (HFBRs) is increasingly used for the production of useful proteins such as monoclonal antibodies. One of the greatest challenges associated with the operation of HFBRs is the maintenance of a uniform cell growth environment. In particular, the distributions of growth-factor proteins can be highly heterogeneous, leading to poor performance or even failure of the culture. Another important aspect of HFBR operation is the harvesting of product proteins from the ECS. Considering the high costs of the product and media proteins, there is a strong motivation for carrying out studies that will provide a better understanding of protein behaviour in HFBRs. The main focus of this thesis was the development of mathematical models describing different aspects of protein transport in HFBRs. The models were validated using protein concentration data collected during cell-free HFBR experiments. A one-dimensional Krogh cylinder model was employed to analyse hindered transmembrane transport relevant to the leakage of smaller proteins from the ECS. A two-dimensional porous medium model (PMM) was used to simulate open-shell operations such as harvesting. An advanced, three-dimensional PMM formulation permitted an extensive analysis of gravity-influenced free-convective ECS protein transport at different HFBR orientations. The dynamics of protein leakage in HFBRs was found to depend on many factors, including initial protein placement, perfusion flow rate, and the addition of a nonleaking protein to the ECS. An open-shell ECS shunt was predicted to be a viable alternative to the traditional closed-shell HFBR configuration, while cocurrent harvesting was found more efficient than countercurrent harvesting. Most studies revealed that the protein transfer between the fibre bundle and the manifolds played a significant role in ECS protein redistribution. Numerous model simulations confirmed the occurrence of forced-convective downstream polarisation of ECS proteins under typical operating conditions. The heterogeneity of protein distribution was greatly reduced by directing the perfusion flow upward, in which case strong free-convective flows mixed the contents of the ECS. These effects were most pronounced in cartridges oriented vertical-up, which might be a nonstandard but nonetheless promising configuration for use in future HFBR cell culture.
Effect of intraperitoneal or intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin on learning and memory in mice

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Alteration of behavior and PSD proteins in cerebral cortex and hippocampal synaptosome in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse model were determined. AD was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in neonatal mice (intraperitoneal AD group) or intracerebroventricular injection of STZ in adult mice (intracerebroventricular AD group). Body weight and blood sugar level were measured. Following Morris water maze (MWM) test and fear-conditioning test, cerebral cortex and hippocampus tissues were collected and the levels of PSD95 and shank3 proteins in these tissues were measured by western blot analysis. The body weight was reduced and the blood sugar concentration was increased in the intraperitoneal AD group compared with the control group. In contrast, the body weight was reduced, while the blood sugar concentration was not increased in the intracerebroventricular AD group compared with the control group. Escape latency in both AD groups was extended compared with the control group. The freezing time in the intraperitoneal AD group was increased, while in the intracerebroventricular AD group, the freezing time was reduced. PSD95 and shank3 proteins in the cerebral cortex in both AD groups were decreased compared with the control group. PSD95 in the hippocampus was reduced in both AD groups compared with the control group. Shank3 in the hippocampus in the intracerebroventricular AD group was significantly reduced compared with the control group. Intraperitoneal injection of STZ in neonatal mice led to elevated blood sugar, impaired spatial memory and enhanced emotional memory when they become adults. In contrast, intracerebroventricular injection of STZ in adults directly led to deteriorated spatial and emotional memory without alteration of blood sugar content, which could be associated with the changes of PSD95 and shank3 proteins in hippocampus.