jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Thienemanniella medialis Sublette & Sasa

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Thienemanniella medialis Sublette & Sasa (Fig. 3) Thienemanniella medialis Sublette & Sasa, 1994: 1 pharate male, 1 female. Type locality Guatemala. Material examined. Holotype pharate male with pupal exuviae, described by Sublette and Sasa (1994) as “Rincon, leaf litter at small waterfall C, no. I-100” on a single slide with two pupal exuviae of Onconeura semifimbriata, and one male and one female of Corynoneura spp. (not C. ferelobata, see Wiedenbrug et al. 2012). According to Sublette and Sasa (1994, page 28) the allotype of T. medialis is on slide number I-3, specimen number 4, together with the holotype, allotype and paratypes of C. hirvenojai. However, the slide with the holotype of C. hirvenojai Sublette & Sasa is number I-43 and has only one specimen. Sublette and Sasa (1994, page 12) mention that slide number I-39 holds several specimens, including the holotype, allotype and paratypes of C. ferelobata Sublette & Sasa, and that specimen number 4 is the allotype of T. medialis. We have examined this specimen, but since there is no corresponding pupa, that female should be considered as merely tentatively associated only. Diagnostic characters. Male antenna with 9 flagellomeres; pupa with tergal conjunctive III/IV carrying strong hooklets; segments III-VIII with 3 taeniate lateral setae; L2 longer and broader than L1 and L3; anal lobe with fringe reduced to about 10 taeniate setae shorter than the anal macrosetae. Additions to previous description. Male (n = 1). Head. According to Sublette and Sasa (1994) the antenna has 10 flagellomeres, but we find the terminal two to be incompletely divided, thus count only 9 flagellomeres. Legs. Dorsal keel of fore leg trochanter resembles that in T. sancticaroli sp. n. (see Fig. 5 A). Tergites. TI with 4 setae; TII-III impossible to observe; TIV-VI with 3; TVII-VIII with 2 setae. Sternites III- VIII with one seta Hypopygium. (Fig. 3 A) Laterosternite with 1 seta. Superior volsella difficult to define due to bad condition of pharate material. Sternapodeme and phallapodeme as figured. Pupa (n = 1). Abdomen (Fig. 5 B–C). TI-II apparently with few posterior shagreen points; TIII-IX with homogeneous shagreen of elongated spinules. Sternites III-VIII with sparse shagreen of short points. Segments III- VIII with 3 taeniate L-setae; L2 broader and longer than the other two. Anal lobe rounded (Fig. 3 C), with incomplete fringe of setae shorter than macrosetae and 3 cylindrical, apically hooked macrosetae on strong bases; medial setae taeniate and short. For measurements, see Table 3. Remarks. Fu et al. (2010b) included T. medialis in their key, and accordingly the inferior volsella is present and the superior volsella partly fused with the gonocoxite. More material is necessary to better define the hypopygium of this species. A very similar pupal exuviae was found in Peru, deposited in the ZSM as Thienemanniella sp. A2, sample P18, leg. E.J. Fittkau.
Understanding Survey Based Inflation Expectations

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Survey based measures of inflation expectations are not informationally efficient yet carry important information about future inflation. This paper explores the economic significance of informational inefficiencies of survey expectations. A model selection algorithm is applied to the inflation expectations of households and professionals using a large panel of macroeconomic data. The expectations of professionals are best described by different indicators than the expectations of households. A forecast experiment finds that it is difficult to exploit informational inefficiencies to improve inflation forecasts, suggesting that the economic cost of the surveys' deviation from rationality is not large.
Rural Studies network of Finland - a national approach to networking rural expertise

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Rural Studies is a network initiative between ten Finnish universities. This paper discusses Rural Studies as an innovative approach for pulling together the limited national resources of academic rural expertise. There are many background factors for the establishment of Rural Studies network, of which two may be mentioned here. First, Finland is regarded to be the most rural country in the European Union, mostly due to its remote position in Northern Europe and very sparse settlement structure. This "rurality" has led to a long tradition of rural research in several disciplines. Second, Finland's EU membership in 1995 consolidated rural policy programming. Networks of rural researchers and planners have been in a key position when rural policy programmes were prepared. The system of higher education in Finland is under the spotlight of many changes, and in this discussion small research areas such as rural studies are not very competitive if they are unable to find new ideas and ways of doing things together. In the future post-graduate education, wider cooperation and creation of rural research programmes, and networking with international rural education and research networks will be focal points in Rural Studies.
Design and fabrication of InAs/GaAs QD based intermediate band solar cells by quantum engineering

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The efficiency of a solar cell can be substantially increased by opening new energy gaps within the semiconductor band gap. This creates additional optical absorption pathways which can be fully exploited under concentrated sunlight. Here we report a new approach to opening a sizeable energy gap in a single junction GaAs solar cell using an array of small InAs QDs that leads directly to high device open circuit voltage. High resolution imaging of individual QDs provides experimentally obtained dimensions to a quantum mechanical model which can be used to design an optimised QD array. This is then implemented by precisely engineering the shape and size of the QDs resulting in a total area (active area) efficiency of 18.3% (19.7%) at 5 suns concentration. The work demonstrates that only the inclusion of an appropriately designed QD array in a solar cell has the potential to result in ultra-high efficiency under concentration.
Phenotypic methods for detection of Amp C b lactamases in Gram negative clinical isolates of a tertiary care hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

: ESBLs (Extended spectrum beta lactamases) are detected routinely in most laboratories but Amp c Beta lactamases are neglected to large extent. Pseudosusceptibility seen in Amp C producers leads to resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins resulting in inappropriate antimicrobial regimens and therapeutic failure. Thus, there is a need to know an appropriate phenotypic method for easy detection of Amp C β-lactamases as they have clinical relevance. : To detect and compare different phenotypic methods for Amp C β-lactamases in Gram-negative clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae family A prospective study was done at Mamata Medical college, Khammam for period of three months. Phenyl boronic acid method, Cefoxitin Cloxacillin-Double disc synergy test, TRIS EDTA method, Disc approximation test were done on isolates after screening by Cefoxitin disc. : Out of 140 isolates tested, 80(57%) were positive (resistant) for screening test by cefoxitin. Out of them 61(76.2%) were Escherichia coli, 16 (20.1%) isolates were Klebsiella pneumoniae and 3 (3.75%) were Enterobacter sp. Phenotypic confirmatory methods by Cefoxitin Cloxacillin Double disc Synergy (CC-DDS) test showed zone difference of &#62;4mm in 38(47.5%) isolates , by Phenylboronic acid method (PBA) &#62; 5mm zone difference was observed in 34(42.5%) isolates, by TRIS EDTA method 32 (40%) showed indentation near EDTA disc and by Disc approximation test 32(40%) were positive for Amp C production. E coli was the commonest isolate showing Amp c production by all four methods. : CC-DDS method has better detection rate compared to other phenotypic confirmatory methods. We suggest CC-DDS method as it is easy to perform.
The Transformation of Zoroastrian Messianism in Mughal India

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In my previous papers, I demonstrated how Zoroastrianism changed drastically after the downfall of the Sasanian dynasty. I have indeed made clear the substance of change in the following three points; (1) Until the 16th century, Zoroastrian priests split into three groups: according to my classification based on the geographical location the Yazd-Kermanian group, the Gujaratian group and the Shirazian group; (2) Among them, the Shirazian Zoroastrians might take over the Greek-philosophical tradition of the medieval Zoroastrian church; and (3) the leader of the Shirazian Zoroastrians Azar Kayvan had necessarily read Sufi writings but considered himself the true successor to ancient Zoroastrianism. But the cause (s) of these changes still remain unsettled.In this paper, I will deal with a main cause. It is difficult to explain these drastic changes of modern Zoroastrianism without supposing any outside stimulus, and this view should lead us to think that some political or social affairs played important role in establishing the new phase in the history of Zoroastrianism. If we are to seek political affairs relative to Zoroastrian community in Iran and India, we will find the enthronement of Akbar in Mughal India and its serious impact on Zoroastrian messianism.In this connection, I will attempt to show that there are many inherent incentives in Zoroastrian messianism after the downfall of the Sasanian dynasty until the 16th century, and Akbar's enthronement functions as a last stimulus for Zoroastrian messianism to take on a new aspect. This transformation, in its turn, has influence on the other thoughts of the Shirazian Zoroastrians, and indication of such facts justifies my assumption. Having said above, I conclude that the transformation of Zoroastrian messianism in Mughal India may be the main cause of the drastic changes in modern Zoroastrianism.
Defining the Role of Integrin Alpha 11 in Wound Healing and Fibrosis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract : Integrin alpha 11 (Itga11) is the most recently identified integrin subunit and may be required for the activation of fibroblasts during wound healing and fibrotic disease. To investigate the role of Itga11 in fibroblast behavior we are using cells derived from mice that are genetically null for this gene. We have found that fibroblasts lacking Itga11 (KO) repair a scratch in a confluent monolayer faster than their normal (Het) counterparts, and that this can in part be explained by increased proliferation along the margins of the scratch in the KO cultures. When cultured in collagen gels fibroblasts remodel the gel and alter their expression of genes such as Col1A1 and alphaSMA, markers of activated fibroblasts. Despite the fact that previous experiments showed that KO cells are deficient in gel contraction, we have found no difference in the expression of Col1A1 or alphaSMA in the KO cells. Preliminary data suggest that expression of MMP13, a major collagenase, may be decreased in KO cells. Thus to date, the differences between Het and KO fibroblasts are subtle.
Charcoal Particle Agglutination Test for Detection of Antibody toCryptococcus neoformans: A Preliminary Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Specially prepared charcoal particles readily adsorb cryptococcal polysaccharide antigen to form a stable reagent that is agglutinated by anticryptococcal serum in a rapid slide agglutination test. Card charcoal agglutination (CCA) is a valuable diagnostic aid, providing a rapid and reliable indication of cryptococcal infection in cases in which the slide latex agglutination test for antigen is negative.
[LOW GRADE OVARIAN CANCER].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

According to the new and reproducible grading system of the MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), low grade serous cancer (LGSC) differs greatly from the commonly known high grade serous cancer (HGSC). Pathology speaking, LGSC has less mitotic index; the grade of nuclear atypia is low to intermediate. Genetically speaking, these tumors tend to show mutation in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, mainly in the KRAS and BRAF genes, resulting in uncontrolled proliferation; however, it seems that the presence of this mutation might be related to a better prognosis compared to their absence. The presenting symptoms and spread is similar to HGSC, such as the elevated Ca-125 and the advanced stage at the presentation. The rate of proliferation, on one hand affects the prognosis and therefore, although it tends to present in advanced stages such as HGSC, the prognosis is better. On the other hand, low proliferation might be the reason for the relative decrease in the sensitivity to the common chemotherapy given in HGSC. Treatment strategy, as well. is similar to HGSC consisting of debulking surgery followed by or after chemotherapy. Molecular and pathology studies confirm borderline tumor might be a precursor of some of LGSC, since it shares similar mutation pathways seen in LGSC. Those pathways are targets for newer chemotherapy agents, currently under phase II and III promising trials.
Testing the efficiency of the Australian foreign exchange market

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this thesis, the efficiency of the Australian foreign exchange market has been investigated using the technique of cointegration. Forward and spot rate data covering the period April 1978 to July 1994 was collected on a weekly basis. The spot and forward rates were found to be cointegrated, however, the null hypothesis of an efficient market and no risk premium was rejected. Due to the joint hypothesis, it is not possible to conclude whether or not the foreign exchange market is efficient, however, arguments for the rejection of both parts of the joint hypothesis are argued in this thesis.
European tripartism: chimera or reality? The ‘new phase’ of the European social dialogue in the light of tripartite theory and practice

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article examines the ‘new phase’ of the European social dialogue, and its credentials as a system of European tripartism. It is argued that tripartism is notable for four key characteristics, and the presence of these characteristics in a transnational interest representation regime is assessed. Though the ‘new phase’ of the social dialogue is found to engage with innovative topics, it also emerges as being marked by peripheral output and piecemeal implementation outcomes. The article's conclusion is thus sceptical, and notes difficulties associated with transnational tripartism and the increasing dilution of the European social dialogue.
FEM analysis of the plastic deformation of the regular arched asperities in the two-stage cold metal forming processes

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper presents the innovative process with possibility of predict the state of deformation and stresses in a two-stage metal forming process. In the first stage, regular surface roughness with arched outlines are embossed. In the second stage, these inequalities are flat burnished to obtain the required dimensions, roughness of the surface, and state of deformation and stresses in the surface layer of the workpiece. The process are considered as a geometrical and physical non-linear boundary and initial value problem, with unknown boundary conditions in the contact zone. The applications were developed in the Ansys/LS-Dyna system, which makes possible a complex time analysis of the states of displacements, strains and stresses, in the workpiece in the two-stage cold metal forming processes. Application of this method were showed for examples the modelling and the analysis of the regular asperities with arched outlines. In the simulations, the material as well as the geometrical parameters of surface asperities were changed. The simulation results were verified experimentally.
Experimental Study on Autoclaved Aerated Concrete under Uniaxial Compression

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A total of 60 cylindrical specimens with density of 425 kg/m 3 , 525 kg/m 3 , and 625 kg/m 3 , subjected to uniaxial compression were tested, under four different strain rates ranging from 10 -5 /s to 10 -2 /s. 15 specimens designed and casted on the same condition were tested for every set of case.The mean and standard variation values of the uniaxial compressive stress-strain curves, as well as the statistical characteristic values of compressive stress and peak strain of concrete with different strength under different strain rates, were obtained through experiments.The results indicate that the strain rate has a significant influence on the stress-strain mean value curves.
Learning Strategies at SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Taman during the Covid 19 Pandemic

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to determine the learning strategies during the pandemic at SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Taman, namely learning from home or distance learning. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of online learning during the Covid19 pandemic has various problems experienced by teachers, students, and parents. The problems of teachers are in the form of weak mastery of IT and limited access to supervision of students, from students in the form of inactivity in participating in online learning, limited supporting facilities and internet network access, while parents have limited time to accompany their children during online learning.
Diabetic Retinopathy Detection Using Image Processing Techniques in Python

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This project implements an automated system to detect diabetic retinopathy (DR) from retinal fundus images using classical image processing techniques in Python. The code extracts key features such as blood vessels and exudates (bright lesions) from retinal images. By analyzing the number and area of white spots (exudates), the system decides whether signs of diabetic retinopathy are present. The pipeline uses OpenCV and scikit-image libraries for tasks such as contrast enhancement, morphological filtering, edge detection, and blob analysis. The system was tested on 10 retinal images with 100% accuracy (5 DR-positive and 5 DR-negative). This work demonstrates the potential of simple rule-based image analysis in early disease detection.
Distinct roles for two synaptotagmin isoforms in synchronous and asynchronous transmitter release at zebrafish neuromuscular junction

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

An obligatory role for the calcium sensor synaptotagmins in stimulus-coupled release of neurotransmitter is well established, but a role for synaptotagmin isoform involvement in asynchronous release remains conjecture. We show, at the zebrafish neuromuscular synapse, that two separate synaptotagmins underlie these processes. Specifically, knockdown of synaptotagmin 2 (syt2) reduces synchronous release, whereas knockdown of synaptotagmin 7 (syt7) reduces the asynchronous component of release. The zebrafish neuromuscular junction is unique in having a very small quantal content and a high release probability under conditions of either low-frequency stimulation or high-frequency augmentation. Through these features, we further determined that during the height of shared synchronous and asynchronous transmission these two modes compete for the same release sites.
Role of Negative Pressure Wound Care and Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Sternal Wound Infections After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background:Sternal wound infections after pediatric cardiac surgery are uncommon but can be morbid.Methods:We describe an institutional protocol for complicated sternal wounds utilizing hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) and negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT).Participants:A retrospective chart review (2001-2013) of 4,028 pediatric cardiac operations in 3,264 patients less than 18 years of age.Results:Fifty-three patients (1.62%; 53/3,264) were diagnosed with clinical sternal wound infections. There were 27 (50.9%) males and 26 (49.1%) females. Thirty-seven (69.8%) patients received antibiotics and/or debridement; sixteen (30.2%) patients had more complicated infections requiring NPWT and/or HBO therapy. The time to heal for wounds treated with HBO and HBO + NPWT was a mean of 43.75 (±24.27) days (range: 21-98 days; median: 35 days). Among all infected patients, the time from diagnosis of the infection to resolution of the infection for all survivors was 7 to 98 days (mean: 26.41 days; median: 21 days). Forty-eight (90.6%) patients completely healed their wounds, and 45 (84.9%) patients are currently alive. Thirty-eight patients had a cyanotic cardiac diagnosis and 15 had an acyanotic cardiac diagnosis. The most common bacteria isolated from the blood or wound cultures was Staphylococcus aureus. Six of 53 patients died. Causes of death are as follows: three from respiratory failure, one from sepsis, one from hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, and one from exsanguination leading to cardiac arrestConclusions:Complicated sternal wound infections after pediatric cardiac surgery refractory to antibiotic therapy and/or debridement can be successfully treated with NPWT and/or HBO therapy.
Seleksi Segregan Gandum (Triticum aestivum L.) pada Dataran Tinggi

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pedigree selection is a method of selection used in segregating populations which takes the expertise of breeders in achieving the desired goal. This method is implemented on the early generations with a high degree of segregation and is generally performed on highly heritable traits. The purpose of this research was to study the performance of F3 generation segregants and to estimate the genetic parameters to be used for identification and selection of wheat segregants under optimum environmental condition. The research was carried out at the experiment field of Research Institute for Ornamental Crops, in Cipanas from May to September 2012. Genetic material used were 58 F3 family and six check varieties, namely Dewata, Selayar, Oasis, Rabe, Basribey, and HP 1744. The experiment used an augmented design. Results of analysis of variance showed that the family effect was significant for days to flowering, days to harvest, percentage of empty florets, number of grains per panicle, grain weight per panicle, number of seeds per plant and seed weight per plant. High heritability estimates were found in days to flowering, days to harvest, seed filling period, percentage of empty florets, number of grains per panicle, grain weight per panicle, number of seeds per plant, and seed weight per plant. These characters are suitable for yield improvement of tropical highland wheat due to its high heritability values. The mean value of F3 generation changes subsequent to selection either based on grain weight per plant, or based on number of productive tillers, number of grain per panicle, and grain weight per plant. <br />Keywords: selection criteria, segregation, tropical, yield