jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Keratin expression in normal esophageal epithelium and squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The 8-nm keratin filament is a major component of the cytoskeleton of epithelial cells and epithelial-derived cancers (carcinomas). Recently, it has been shown that the pattern of keratins produced by an esophageal epithelial cell undergoes change upon malignant transformation. In order to evaluate the potential importance of these differences in providing improved diagnostic techniques for pathology, we have investigated the consistency of the patterns of keratins expressed in normal esophageal epithelium, squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) of the esophagus, and cultured esophageal epithelial cells. In six patients, the keratin pattern expressed by SQCC of the esophagus and corresponding normal esophageal epithelium was consistently different as judged by immunoblot analysis of electrophoretically separated protein extracts. Whereas the SQCCs typically expressed major keratins with molecular weights of 58,000, 56,000, 50,000, and 46,000, the normal esophageal epithelium produced two major keratins with molecular weights of 58,000 and 52,000 and a minor keratin with a molecular weight of 56,000. When normal esophageal epithelial cells were grown in tissue culture, their keratin pattern changed, and keratins with molecular weights of 58,000, 56,000, 52,000, 50,000, 46,000, and 40,000 were expressed. Although some minor variations in keratin patterns were seen, the major differences in keratin pattern expressed by normal esophageal epithelial tissue, SQCC of the esophagus, and cultured esophageal cells were consistent and reproducible.
A Critical Review of Search Strategies Used in Recent Systematic Reviews Published in Selected Prosthodontic and Implant-Related Journals: Are Systematic Reviews Actually Systematic?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

More than 95% of recent prosthodontic and implant review articles published in the selected journals failed to use search strategies that were systematic, and this undermines the conclusions. Many resources are available to help investigators design search strategies for systematic reviews that minimize the risk of omitting important data, including the simple criteria presented in this paper.
Pharmacokinetics and oral absorption of various creatine supplements

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Creatine is a dietary supplement with an extensive history of use in athletes and more recently in various neurological and muscular pathologies. For both indications, large doses (>30 g/day) of creatine monohydrate (CM) are required for beneficial effects to manifest. Based on the doses required and the physicochemical characteristics of creatine, oral absorption of CM is likely incomplete. The research objectives of this dissertation were to determine the absolute oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of CM and to identify through in-silico simulations, alternative dosing strategies and formulations resulting in improved oral bioavailability and/or tissue distribution. The absolute oral bioavailability of CM was determined in rats at two different doses (10 mg/kg and 70 mg/kg) and found to be 53% and 16% for low and high dose CM, respectively. Using GastroplusTM software, a physiology-based PK (PBPK) model for CM was constructed and compared to the PK data obtained in rats. With good agreement between the simulated and observed data in rats, the model was then scaled-up to compare creatine plasma and tissue levels following various dosing strategies (i.e. once daily vs. 4 times daily, and sustained release (SR) vs. immediate release (IR)) in humans. While the model suggested that SRCM resulted in comparable plasma area under the curve (AUCss) with IR-CM, the tissue levels were predicted to be significantly higher following SR-CM (41.3 % and 18.3% increase in brain and muscle concentrations, respectively). The model was also used to predict the impact of other creatine salt forms. For these simulations, CM was compared to creatine hydrochloide (CHCl), creatine citrate (CrC) and creatine pyruvate (CrPyr). Following administration of a large dose (20 g/day), AUC0-∞ in plasma increased by 24.4, 52.1, and 56.3% for CrC, CrPyr, and CHCL, respectively. In the brain, AUC0-∞ increased by 31.0, 55.1, and 70.1%, and in the muscles by 20.1, 35.1, and 40.1%, for CrC, CrPyr, and CHCl, respectively. Our results suggest that the oral bioavailability of CM is less than complete and is dose-dependent. These studies suggest that newer forms and dosage formulations of creatine will result in superior accumulation of creatine in the tissues.
Individual Decisions and Collective Effects in a Simulated Traffic System

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The interdependence of the time-dependent behavior of traffic flows and tripmakers' departure time decisions is central to the analysis of congestion phenomena. The study of the day-to-day dynamics of this interaction in the field is hampered by the inability to obtain adequate data. This paper presents an experimental approach involving real commuters, whereby a traffic simulation model is used to predict congestion patterns under given departure distributions resulting from the actual decisions of the individual participants. These decisions are updated daily, in response to information on prior system performance predicted by the simulation model. The results of this experiment are described in this paper, with emphasis on the system's evolution and dynamic properties, particularly convergence. In addition, concentration and congestion patterns as well as the associated travel time variability are addressed. Initial insights into the processes underlying user behavior in this system are also presented.
Effect of Prandtl Number in Turbulent Buoyant Jet Simulation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Turbulent Prandtl number used in numerical simulation has effect on exact prediction of velocity and heat transferring with two dimensional buoyant mathematical models. Various Prandtl number values advised by experiments are used to study its effect on numerical results approaching to real ones with model under axisymmetric coordinate. It shows that axial velocities can’t be affected by using various values of of Prandtl number in numerical simulations and can be predicted well. However, it affects the exact prediction of axial concentration to extent, and a smaller value of Prandtl number tends to forecast a smaller axial concentration than real one, and vice versa. A reasonable range of turbulent Prandtl number for various Reynold numbers was suggested.
APPLICATION OF ONLINE PAYMENT AT PUSAT ZAKAT NEGERI SEMBILAN

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Payment is one of the critical success factors for a business other than information flow and product flow. While for electronic payment (e –payment), its contributions is valued as highly important for online business, where everything must run faster. The order from customer will be only being processed and shipped once payment is cleared, can be said as one of pushing factors for a customer to pay via online. There are many e-payment tools available such as credit card, charge card, cheques, debit cards and e-wallet. In fact, purchasing via e-commerce doesn’t mean buyers have to directly pay online too or during the transaction. They can also walk in to the banks or used automated teller machines (ATMs) to make payment and transfer the payment information digitally. E-payment is not restricted to the profit-centered company but also apply by non-profit organizations such as government agency and philanthropy institutions as well. As an Islamic philanthropy institution, Pusat Zakat Negeri Sembilan (PZNS) also applying e-payment methods such as internet banking, short messaging system and phone banking as alternative to zakat payers. However, studies on an electronic or online payment and philanthropic activities, specifically in Islamic philanthropic activities such as zakat and waqf are very limited. Thus this conceptual paper discussed on types of e-payment systems available at PZNS. The study is hoped to provide an input to other non-profit organizations especially in utilizing the internet tools to increase collection. Besides, it also perhaps to enrich current literature regarding e-payment and nonprofit organization.
Predicting most rated items in Weekly Recommendation with temporal regression

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents our approach to contextual recommendation for the Filmtipset Weekly Recommendation Track of the CAMRA 2010 Challenge[5]. The goal of this task is to predict which items will be rated by each user on specific weeks of the year, namely the week containing Christmas day, and the week leading up to the Oscars, based on ratings collected prior to the test period.
Experimental Research of Tool Life for Turning Titanium Alloy TC21 about Circular Insert

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

TC21 is a high strength and damage-tolerant titanium alloy widely used in aviation and aerospace fields. Endurance turning experiment of TC21 was accomplished by using circular insert,and under conditions of different cutting parameters,the law of influence on tool life was analyzed. Moreover the tool failure macroscopic appearances were researched. The research results provide the practical reference for promoting usable range of circular inserts on titanium alloy TC21.
Development of a three-dimensional (3D) interactive platform to study cartilage destruction in rheumatoid arthritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a heterogeneous joint disease that degrades cartilage overtime, which is a chronic inflammatory and destructive arthropathy. In addition to, RA is known as an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology and has no cure. The current available models are the 2D monolayer models and animal models. However, 2D monolayer models are inability to recapitulate the in vivo situations of the complex 3D structures of native cartilage, whereas, animal models have the hurdles of high costs, ethical problematic and not able to reveal the underlying molecular pathways that regulate the development and progression of the disease. The objective of this project is to develop a 3D in vitro RA model, to study the inflammatory joint process and to examine the functional role of distinct cell populations in contributing to cartilage destruction. Results had illustrated that apoptosis were increased in the established model. Synthetic activity via qPCR analysis of anabolic gene, such as collagen type I, collagen type II and aggrecan are down regulating. Proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β), and catabolic gene such as MMPs are up regulating suggested the increased of degradative activity. Histology and Immunohistochemical staining of proteoglycan, collagen type I and collagen type II had also revealed extensive degradation of cartilage. To conclude, results had suggested that 3D in vitro cartilaginous model for mimicking native RA cartilage has been established.
An ex vivo antimicrobial evaluation after the preparation with XP-Endo Shaper and Trunatomy systems

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

AIM. The aim of this study was to evaluate bacterial reduction in root canals with the XP-Endo Shaper (XP) and Trunatomy (TN) systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Twenty-eight permanent human type I, oval-shaped Vertucci premolars and straight root canals were contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis for 30 days at 37°C. Samples were collected prior to instrumentation. The teeth were divided into two groups ( n = 14) and processed with the tested groups at 37°C: XP group – (30/0.04) and TN group – Small (20/0.04) and Prime (26/0.04). Biological samples before and after instrumentation were collected using a sterile paper cone inserted into the canal for one minute. Bacteria were counted using colony forming units (CFU/mL) and results were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis test at 5 level of significance. RESULTS. Both the XP and TN systems significantly reduced bacterial counts ( p < 0.0001), but did not eliminate bacteria in the root canals. CONCLUSIONS. Both the Trunatomy and XP-Endo Shaper systems were similar in terms of antimicrobial efficacy, but neither system was able to eliminate bacteria from the root canals.
Molecular characterization of Rhg1 alpha-SNAP in SCN disease resistance in soybean

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is the most yield-reducing pathogen of soybean. Resistance based on the complex rhg1-b haplotype has been the primary control measure, but gradual SCN evolution is incrementally eroding rhg1-b efficacy. rhg1-b carries ten copies of a ~31 kb chromosomal segment with three different genes that contribute to resistance. We are functionally dissecting the rhg1-b α-SNAP to understand and possibly improve this novel defense mechanism. α-SNAP is a housekeeping protein with C-terminal amino acids that are conserved across multicellular eukaryotes. a-SNAP interacts with NSF to recycle SNARE protein bundles that mediate vesicle fusion to target membranes. The rhg1-b a-SNAPRhg1HC protein differs from canonical α-SNAPs at its C-terminus and apparently poisons the nematode-plant biotrophy when its level increases 10-20 fold at SCN feeding sites (syncytia). We will describe our site-directed mutagenesis to alter and test functional C-terminal residues and potentially block SCN effector action against rhg1-b α-SNAP. We are also investigating the mechanisms by which a-SNAPRhg1HC abundance is elevated at syncytia, and will report an in situ assay system to obtain spatially resolved transcript abundance data at syncytia via confocal microscopy. This system is now being used to dissect rhg1-b promoter elements as one logical first step to understanding mechanisms of infection-site upregulation and potentially allow promoter modification to enhance SCN resistance.
Determinants Of Stunting on Human Development and The Role Of The Government

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to evaluate various factors contributing to stunting in Central Java Province, including life expectancy, average years of schooling, per capita income, gender development index, and government assistance for the mother and child sector. Panel data is the type of data used in this study using a quantitative approach. The method used in this study is quantitative and uses panel data consisting of time seris and cross section data presented in one table. Central Java Statistics Agency is used as a reference data in this study called secondary data. Poor nutrition is the dependent variable used, while the independent variables used include Life Expectancy, Gender Development Index, Gross Regional Domestic Product, and Number of Family Hope Companion Recipients. Analysis using panel data regression by performing the Chow Test and Hausman Test to determine the best model is the analysis technique used. Then look at the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variable and draw conclusions. The results showed that the Fixed Effect Model was the best model used in this study and showed that the number of stunting sufferers in Central Java was negatively and significantly affected by Life Expectancy (AHH) and Average School Year (RLS). Meanwhile, GRDP or Gross Regional Domestic Product and PKH or Family Hope Program have been proven to have a statistically positive relationship with the number of stunting sufferers in Central Java. Meanwhile, although the Gender Development Index (IPG) is negative, statistically it has not been able to affect the stunting rate in Central Java during the 2020-2022 period.
The socio-political constitution of expert systems and global knowledge expertise within Big 5(4) public accounting firms

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This article examines the development and transformation of expert systems within the Big 5(4, after the demise of Arthur Andersen) public accounting firms. Our field study reveals that this implementation was intended to encode expertise in these systems and thereby transfer power from practice to administrative partners. This effort was mirrored at the profession level by efforts to redefine the profession's system of knowledge in terms of developing and marketing 'higher platforms of service' by newly credentialed 'global knowledge workers'. However, these new technologies were resisted, transformed and redirected by the practice partners, who, in so doing, ironically, came to internalise these very technologies. We conclude that expert systems played three roles within the profession: as an instrumental means of fostering operating efficiency and improving firm profits, as a political exchange among contending factions and as a means of social discourse used in extending the profession's jurisdiction.
MEANS OF EXPRESSION OF THE CATEGORY OF PROBABILITY IN MODERN SPANISH AND ITALIAN LANGUAGES

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article is dedicated to the study of the functioning of language means, which in the primary or secondary function are able to express the modality of probability in modern Spanish and Italian languages. We consider the category of probability as a kind of modal category both in terms of logical (epistemic) modality, functional grammar, and from the standpoint of the theory of linguistic communication. Probability as a kind of modality is one of the most common types of modality with a large gradation of semantic meanings - from complete ignorance to complete confidence. The range of language tools that can express this kind of subjective modality in Spanish and Italian seems vast. It is a functional-semantic category that combines different levels of language: modal adverbs, modal verbs, fixed syntactic constructions, forms of such moods as indicativo, subjuntivo, condicional in Spanish and indicativo, congiuntivo, condizionale in Italian, two forms of the future tense in both languages that are able to develop this modal meaning. All of them can interact with each other, reinforcing the studied modal significance. And so it is possible to express various gradation of probability. Due to the functional-semantic approach to the study of this category on the material of different languages, functional-semantic fields with central and peripheral zones were created. The structuring of these fields became possible due to the separation of primary and secondary probability modalities in the studied units. It seems that everything has already been said about this category, but a new round of interest in logical modality, adapting the concept of possible worlds to the category of probability, again raised the question of its content and caused the need to defend the fact that linguistic modality, although based on logical modality, does not identify with it.
Heat Transfer in an Evaporating Liquid Film Flowing Over a Rotating Disk

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Heat transfer from a horizontal heated rotating disk to a thin water film flowing over it was investigated. A series of experiments were carried out to determine Nusselt numbers on the disk both with and without evaporation from the liquid film surface. The Nusselt number increased with increasing disk rotation rate, water temperature, and water flow rate, while evaporative cooling from the liquid film surface only had a moderate effect on the Nusselt number magnitude. Functional dependence of the Nusselt number from an accompanying semi-analytical model and experimental data were used to develop semi-empirical correlations for the Nusselt number.
Research on the index system of laboratory assets digitization

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Under the influence of the fifth industrial revolution and the outbreak of COVID-19, the digital transformation of enterprises has entered a new stage of rapid development. Digital transformation has become the trend of enterprise operation in the digital economy era. In this context, enterprise laboratory asset operation has also become an important aspect of enterprise digital operation. It is urgent to build a set of enterprise laboratory asset digital evaluation system to assist the implementation of enterprise digital strategy. Based on the characteristics of laboratory assets and the closed-loop theory of asset operation management, this paper analyzes and studies the laboratory asset management, establishes a targeted evaluation index system of digital asset management, focuses on the composition of the digital operation system of laboratory assets, and constructs a management index evaluation system of assets, efficiency, cost and other dimensions, so as to create a real-time, comprehensive and comprehensive evaluation system The closed-loop and full cycle digital management ecological environment realizes the effective integration of laboratory resource fragmentation information and the complete embodiment of digitization, provides service support for continuously improving asset management performance, and provides support for further improving enterprise economic efficiency and operation level.
Chapter 1 Religious Styles and Types: Studying Change and Development in Worldview and Faith

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Streib H, Hood Jr. RW. Religious styles and types: Studying change and development in worldview and faith. In: Streib H, Hood RW, eds. <em>Faith in development. Mixed-method studies on worldviews and religious styles</em>. Bielefeld: Bielefeld University Press; 2024: 17-42.
Dynamic Modeling and Analysis of Process Constraints for Improvement for Unipol® Polypropylene Fluidized Bed Reactor

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work presents a dynamic model for Unipol® polypropylene fluidized bed reactor (FBR) using Aspen Polymer Plus® with industrial data. The model was developed by routing recently developed corresponding steady-state model into Aspen Dynamics®. Industrial operational scenarios of the plant FBR were utilized for model validation. The previous steady-state analysis focused on reaching the optimum operating scheme. However, neglecting the time factor may lead to inadequacy in application. Upon, the current dynamic model was used to identify process constraints obstructing process improvement. An automated HAZOP study based on process control system protection layer analysis was applied. This quantitative study illustrated that reduction of superficial gas velocity by 10% to apply the scheme recommended by the steady-state analysis may cause hazardous consequences and increase waste production. Thus, revamping the existing FBR cooling system is essential for applying the recommended scheme while ensuring safety and cleaner production in the process.