jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hemoglobin a1c induced down-regulation of CD36 ofPlasmodium falciparumparasitized red cell

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ObjectiveHigh values of glycosylated hemoglobin have been found to correlate with decreased deformability of erythrocyte. CD36 (Cluster of Differentiation 36) is an integral membrane protein found on the surface of many cell types of class B scavenger receptor family. Plasmodium falciparum and diabetes mellitus is associated many complications. Aim of this study to investigate the down-regulation of HbA1c to CD36 on P. falciparum parasitized red blood cells Diabetes mellitus patients.MethodsThis is cross section study conducted among diabetic patients attending in Jabir Abo Eleiz diabetic center in Khartoum state. Venous blood samples were collected in heparin containers for Plasmodium falciparum culture, and random blood sugar. For HbA1c in 0.04 mg EDTA anticoagulant, 2–5 ml of blood was collected. Sample size was 45 samples and was collected from known diabetic patients with HbA1c more than 8%. All data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS).ResultsShow the mean difference between CD36 negative control and CD36 positive control was found to be statistically significant increasing of CD36 presence at P. value =0.001 (P ≤0.001). The mean difference between CD36 positive control and diabetic patients with HbA1C more 8% was found to be statistically significant reduction of CD36 expression at p=0.001.Hyperglycemia (HbA1c) leads to decrease of CD36 expression and interfere with innate and active immunity. In this study HbA1c participates in increasing of P. falciparum malaria complications.
Analysis of the Profile of Canal User Communities in the Bangah River Canal Blocking Project Area in Sebangau National Park, Central Kalimantan Province

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The Bangah River is in Sebangau National Park's Bangah Resort, which covers an area of 48,790 ha and is about 35 km southwest of Garung town or about 2 hours by ces boat. Most of the Bangah River area is populated by people of the Dayak and Banjar ethnic groups who do not live there. This study used the probability sampling method to take samples from communities that use canals. This is a sampling method that takes a chance into account. In this study, the probability sampling method is simple random sampling, which means that each unit in the community has an equal chance of being chosen. This research is meant to determine how the community that uses the canal is made up in terms of age, education level, income level, public knowledge about the benefits of canal blocking, and how the community sees the effects of canal blocking. It is also meant to determine how the community thinks canal blocking should be done (for example, by changing the canal's shape or where canal blocking should be placed) and what the community wants.
Abstract TMP87: Beat-to-beat Blood Pressure Accurately Predicts Subsequent Arm Cuff Blood Pressure Variability in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Higher blood pressure variability (BPV) is associated with worse outcome after stroke. Accurate quantification of BPV requires frequent measurements, which is not practical with arm cuff sphygmomanometry. Hypothesis: 15 minutes of beat-to-beat BPV (bBPV) will accurately predict arm cuff BPV (aBPV) for acute ischemic stroke patients' entire hospitalization. Methods: To measure aBPV, we used all arm cuff blood pressures during hospitalization. We measured bBPV with a finger photo-plethysmographer (Figure 1) for 15 minutes. We report Pearson’s correlation coefficient for 5 different statistical estimations of variability. Results: We enrolled 30 patients with acute ischemic stroke. Mean age was 60.9 years, NIHSS was 5.4, and 19/30 were male. The mean days from stroke onset to bBPV measurement was 2, and the mean length of hospitalization was 5 days. The mean number of arm cuff and beat-to-beat blood pressure measurements was 62 and 1,830. Correlation between aBPV and bBPV was moderate to excellent (Table 1 and Figure 2). Conclusion: This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of predicting long-term BPV with 15 minutes of finger photo-plethysmography. As opposed to deriving BPV from arm cuff measurements, which takes days, our approach allows early and rapid identification of patients who will subsequently have high BPV and may benefit from therapeutic intervention.
Role of distributed oxygen addition and product removal in the oxidative coupling of methane

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Modeling and optimization of C 2 hydrocarbon production via the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) were studied. The model includes both homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions. Focusing on the use of detailed reaction networks, previously validated experimentally, and the critical role of oxygen in both methane activation and product degradation, this work systematically explores the use of controlled oxygen addition and product removal schemes that improve OCM performance. Based on a plug flow reactor that is divided into N p stages, within which oxygen is added and/or products are removed, a rigorous optimization algorithm is developed that simultaneously maximizes C 2 yields and minimizes O 2 consumption. In the absence of catalyst and product removal, the C 2 yield is maximized at a fixed O 2 /CH 4 ratio, but this maximum yield is independent of the form in which the oxygen is added (cofeed or staged). When a catalyst is added, the optimal C 2 yields show only gradual improvements with oxygen distribution because the benefits of the lower oxygen reaction order on the catalyst are adversely affected by concomitant surface degradation reactions. The largest yield improvements are obtained when the C 2 hydrocarbons are removed at each stage before they undergo oxidation reactions. Thus, when staged oxygen addition is combined with product removal in the presence of a catalyst, C 2 yields as high as 87% are achieved in about 20 stages. Such yield values are consistent with experiments in which continuous product separation schemes have been used.
Bionic Artificial Skin Based on Self‐Healable Ionogel Composites with Tailored Mechanics and Robust Interfaces

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Bionic artificial skin which imitates the features and functions of human skin, has broad applications in wearable human‐machine interfaces. However, equipping artificial materials with skin‐like mechanical properties, self‐healing ability, and high sensitivity remains challenging. Here, inspired by the structure of human skin, an artificial skin based on ionogel composites with tailored mechanical properties and robust interface is prepared. Combining finite element analysis and direct ink writing (DIW) 3D printing technology, an ionogel composite with a rigid skeleton and an ionogel matrix is precisely designed and fabricated, realizing the mechanical anisotropy and nonlinear mechanical response that accurately mimic human skin. Robust interface is created through co‐curing of the skeleton and matrix resins, significantly enhancing the stability of the composite. The realization of self‐healing ability and resistance to crack growth further ensure the remarkable durability of the artificial skin for sensing application. In summary, the bionic artificial skin mimics the characteristics of human skin, including mechanical anisotropy, nonlinear mechanical response, self‐healing capability, durability and high sensitivity when applied as flexible sensors. These strategies provide strong support for the fabrication of tissue‐like materials with adaptive mechanical behaviors.
A Canadian Self-Administered Online Survey to Evaluate the Impact of Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis among Patients

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Few population studies of individuals living with psoriasis have been performed in Canada. Objective: The objective of this survey was to understand the severity and impact of psoriasis on the lives of Canadian patients. Methods: An online survey was conducted using a consumer panel. Eligible subjects reported a diagnosis of psoriasis and provided a self-reported level of severity. In addition, subjects had to either (a) have psoriasis covering at least 3% of their body surface area; (b) have psoriasis on a sensitive area of the body; or (c) be currently undergoing treatment for their psoriasis with systemic medication and/or phototherapy. Results: A total of 514 panelists met the inclusion criteria and completed the survey. Current moderate, severe, or very severe psoriasis was reported by 65% of respondents. Nearly all subjects (96%) had psoriasis affecting a sensitive area of the body. At the time of the survey, 18% were taking systemic medication and/or phototherapy. Comorbidities, such as obesity and high blood pressure, were highly prevalent, with 75% of respondents reporting at least one other diagnosis. Data from the SF-8 and Dermatology Life Quality Index instruments indicated that psoriasis negatively impacted quality of life. Conclusion: Moderate-to-severe psoriasis places a burden on Canadian patients, some of whom may be receiving suboptimal treatment or treatment not appropriate for the severity of their condition.
Geology of the Tuscarora geothermal prospect, Elko County, Nevada

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Tuscarora geothermal prospect is located at the north end of Independence Valley in northern Nevada. Thermal springs issue from Oligocene tuffaceous sediments near the center of an area of high thermal gradient. The springs, are associated with a large siliceous sinter mound and are currently depositing silica and calcium carbonate. Measured fluid temperatures range up to 95 °C, and chemical geothermometers indicate a reservoir temperature of 216 °C. The Independence Valley contains 35- to 39-m.y.-old tuffs and tuffaceous sediments which overlie Paleozoic clastic and volcanic rocks and are overlain by Miocene lava and pyroclastic flows. The rocks have been deformed by normal faults trending north-south and northwest and by folds trending north-south which have been active in the Pleistocene.
Pricing efficiency and market efficiency of two bitcoin funds

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study explores whether pricing inefficiency, or imperfect tracking in the market value of shares of a bitcoin fund of the fund’s net asset value (NAV), makes a significant impact on the fund’s market efficiency relative to the retail bitcoin market. Two bitcoin funds whose shares are traded at the exchanges which impose more stringent criteria for transparency compared to cryptocurrency exchanges are considered. The fund whose shares have been trading without significant premium or a discount relative to its NAV is found as weak-form efficient. The fund, whose shares have been trading at a significant premium over its NAV is found inefficient due to the presence of persistent and strong positive autocorrelation in its returns. Trading of shares in the inefficiently priced fund appears to be even more emotion-driven than the already volatile and emotional trading of bitcoin and exhibits a strong herding behaviour.
How People Judge Policing

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

When people witness occasions when police use their powers to investigate crime and arrest offenders, how do those members of the public assess what they have seen? This book reports research in which a variety of groups from the West Midlands watched short video-clips of such real-life incidents and then discussed their appraisal amongst themselves. What emerges from those discussions is that the practice of policing is deeply controversial. On most issues, group members were divided and strongly, often passionately arguing their case. There was no ‘blank cheque’ for the police, neither was there unremitting criticism, even though some of groups comprised young offenders or the homeless. People worried about whether or not the police on the video-clips had justification for their suspicions; how they managed situations to prevent them getting out of hand; and whether any use of force was justified. Allowing the reader to ‘hear the voices’ of dissension that were analyzed, the chapters present implications which are profound for the police and for all those who are policed — suspects, victims, bystanders, and the public at large — as well as practical proposals for police officers and police governance.
Dynamic Stability Testing of Unconventional Configurations

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : Situations frequently occur when standard wind-tunnel test equipment, based on the concept of an all-containing rear-sting support is impractical or even impossible to use. In this paper some possible alternative test arrangements are indicated and descriptions are given of the actual experimental equipment and procedures. Full- and half-model techniques are discussed and the experimental procedures include free- and forced-oscillation methods. Examples contain cases such as cones at incidence and combinations of two models in close proximity (space shuttle), at supersonic and hypersonic speeds. Comparisons of results obtained with different methods and techniques are included. (Author)
The Future of Religion and Peace Civilization

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

미래의 종교를 구상하기 위해서 과거 종교의 역사를 도외시 할 수 없다. 정치 및 경제와 결탁해 타락한 과거 종교의 정의롭지 못한 역사는 현재까지 여전히 반복되고 있기에, 그러한 과거 종교 역사로부터의 사슬을 끊을 수 없다면 종교의 미래도 없다. 미래 종교의 구상을 위해 종교에 대한 인류 인식의 전환, 변혁 그리고 혁명이 필요하다. 본 연구는 종교적 변혁과 혁명을 성취하기 위해 과거 종교의 역사를 ‘상상의 허구’ 또는 전통 종교의 정체성을 ‘모래 위에 그어진 선’에 불과한 것으로 보는 유발 하라리(Yuval Hoah Harari)의 급진적인 관점과 ‘안심용 형이상학으로서의 종교’를 비판하고 있는 호베르또 망가베이라 웅거(Roberto Mangbeira Unger)의 󰡔미래의 종교The Religion of the Future󰡕를 중심으로 미래의 종교를 구상해 본 것이다. 아직 도래하지 않은 종교의 미래를 구상하는 것이 추상적이고 공허한 담론에 그치지 않게 하기 위해 인류가 현재에 처한 기후위기, 난민 등과 같은 전지구적 위기에 종교가 어떤 역할을 할 수 있는지에 대해서도 미래의 종교를 구상할 때 함께 고려가 되어야 한다. 현재가 없는 미래는 없기 때문이다. 울리히 벡(Ulich Beck)의 󰡔자기만의 신Der eigene Gott: Von der Friedensfähigkeit und dem Gewaltpotential der Religionen󰡕에서의 ‘종교의 개인화’에 대한 통찰 역시 미래 종교 구상에 도움이 될 수 있다. ‘종교의 개인화’ 또는 ‘자기만의 신’과 같은 개념은 전통종교 비판과 직결되며 오직 ‘신종교운동’의 차원에서 고려될 수 있는 미래종교에 부합하는 새로운 특징으로, 그것은 곧 인류의 생존과 직결된 전지구적 위기를 극복할 ‘세계시민적 정치’에 기여할 수 있다. 본 연구는 미래 종교 구상을 위해서는 전통 종교 비판이 불가피하기에, 유발 하라리와 호베르토 망가베이라 웅거의 전통 종교비판과 울리히 벡의 ‘자기만의 신’ 개념을 중심으로 한 ‘신종교운동’이 현재 전지구적 위기에 대응할 수 있는 종교의 현재적 역할이며 그러한 현재적 역할이 미래 종교의 존속 여부에 중요한 요소임을 강조하고자 하였다.
Neonatal colitis – an Emergency Underestimated Condition

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Neonatal colitis is necessary to be not confused with neonatal enterocolitis (NEC) which is a totally different clinical entity regarding mainly preterm babies.Usually represents the first symptom of misdiagnosed colon aganglionosis-Hirsprung's disease (HD).Rarely, in preterm neonates can be a symptom of delayed maturation of neuromyenteric plexus, mimicking HD but without a positive histological confirmation for absence of ganglion cells.Cystic fibrosis can be also added to differential diagnosis as a cause of thick meconium and inability for normal defecations.
[Distribution of ABH antigens in tumours of the bladder. A retrospective immunofluorescence study (author's transl)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABH antigens are normally present on the surface of the healthy urinary epithelium. In a significant number of patients with tumour of the bladder the epithelium loses these antigens. The loss appears to be unrelated to the grade or stage of the tumour, but the prognosis seems to be brighter when the ABH antigens are retained.
Assessing Meteorological and Anthropogenic Factors on Streamflow Trends in the Ramganga River Basin in North India

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The analysis of stream flow trends of hydro-climatic variables such as stream flow, rainfall, and temperature provides useful information for effective water resource planning, design, and management. Trends in observed stream flow at seven gauging stations in the Ramganga river basin of North India were examined from 1981 to 2012 using the Mann-Kendall and Sen's slope. Lag 1 autocorrelation analyses were used to investigate the relationships between trends in stream flow and rainfall. Annual, monsoonal, and winter seasonal stream flow (p0.05) decreased gradually from upstream to downstream of the river, as did crop seasonal and decadal moving averaged standardized anomalies of streamflow for the entire basin. The streamflow's declining trend was partly attributed to higher water withdrawal, higher air temperature, and higher population, and partly to a significantly declining post-monsoon rainfall trend, particularly upstream and downstream. The changing monsoon rainfall pattern and the growing population both contributed significantly to the development of this trend. The significant decreasing trend in stream flow at the upstream gauging station (-0.39 m3/s/year) was attributed to the significant decreasing trend in catchment rainfall (-8.40 mm/year). This study shows a strong positive correlation between stream flow and catchment rainfall (r=0.60). The Ramganga River basin is showing signs of drying up, as evidenced by the declining stream flow, post-monsoon rainfall, especially in the downstream area, and concurrently rising temperature trends. The Ramganga River basin's sustainable water management planning will be aided and made possible by the study's findings and recommendations, which will help stakeholders design strategies for stream flow restoration. This study thus highlights the urgent need for comprehensive water management planning in this basin by implementing procedures at various spatial scales that may be able to halt the trend of drying by improving river water use efficiency in a variety of sectors.
A pharmacognostic study of Vernonia guineensis Benth. (Asteraceae) : bioactivity, safety, and phytochemical analysis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The world continues to be plagued by numerous diseases and health complications. Unfortunately, current drug discovery efforts are lagging behind compared to the pace of emergence of new diseases or the development of resistance to current therapies. Medicinal plants especially for people in developing countries are sometimes the only remedies available for the prevention and treatment of diseases. Modern science has also come to recognize the importance of medicinal plants in drug discovery and development given the contributions that this sector has made to drug discovery. As such, several pharmacognostic/natural products chemistry techniques have been developed to aid research on the medicinal properties of plants. The application of these techniques is very useful in two main areas in that they facilitate the validation of the medicinal properties of folk remedies and in the discovery of new remedies from natural products. This thesis focused on the evaluation of the medicinal properties of Vernonia guineensis Benth. (Asteraceae), which is commonly called Ginseng in Cameroon. The species was found to possess antimicrobial, antiplasmodial, antiproliferative/anticancer and anthelmintic effects. Results obtained and reported in this thesis will form a useful foundation for further research into the medicinal potential of this plant
Estimation and testing for the parameters of ARCH(q) under ordered restriction

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. In this paper, we study a stationary ARCH( q ) model with parameters α 0 , α 1 , α 2 ,…, α q . It is known that the model requires all parameters α i to be non‐negative, but sometimes the usual algorithm based on Newton–Raphson's method leads us to obtain some negative solutions. So this study proposes a method of computing the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of parameters under the non‐negative restriction. A similar method is also proposed for the case where the parameters are restricted by a simple order: α 1 ≥ α 2 ≥⋯≥ α p . The strong consistency of the above two estimators is discussed. Furthermore, we consider the problem of testing homogeneity of parameters against the simple order restriction. We give the likelihood ratio (LR) test statistic for the testing problem and derive its asymptotic null distribution.
Highly Accelerated MRI via Implicit Neural Representation Guided Posterior Sampling of Diffusion Models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Reconstructing high-fidelity magnetic resonance (MR) images from under-sampled k-space is a commonly used strategy to reduce scan time. The posterior sampling of diffusion models based on the real measurement data holds significant promise of improved reconstruction accuracy. However, traditional posterior sampling methods often lack effective data consistency guidance, leading to inaccurate and unstable reconstructions. Implicit neural representation (INR) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for solving inverse problems by modeling a signal's attributes as a continuous function of spatial coordinates. In this study, we present a novel posterior sampler for diffusion models using INR, named DiffINR. The INR-based component incorporates both the diffusion prior distribution and the MRI physical model to ensure high data fidelity. DiffINR demonstrates superior performance on experimental datasets with remarkable accuracy, even under high acceleration factors (up to R=12 in single-channel reconstruction). Notably, our proposed framework can be a generalizable framework to solve inverse problems in other medical imaging tasks.
A Low-Cost Remotely Configurable Electronic Trap for Insect Pest Dataset Generation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The precise monitoring of insect pest populations is the foundation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) for pests of plants, humans, and animals. Digital technologies can be employed to address one of the main challenges, such as reducing the IPM workload and enhancing decision-making accuracy. In this study, digital technologies are used to deploy an automated trap for capturing images of insects and generating centralized repositories on a server. Subsequently, advanced computational models can be applied to analyze the collected data. The study provides a detailed description of the prototype, designed with a particular focus on its remote reconfigurability to optimize repository quality; and the server, accessible via an API interface to enhance system interoperability and scalability. Quality metrics are presented through an experimental study conducted on the constructed demonstrator, emphasizing trap reliability, stability, performance, and energy consumption, along with an objective analysis of image quality using metrics such as RMS contrast, Image Entropy, Image sharpness metric, Natural Image Quality Evaluator (NIQE), and Modulation Transfer Function (MFT). This study contributes to the optimization of the current knowledge regarding automated insect pest monitoring techniques and offers advanced solutions for the current systems.
Future developments incontraception

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Apart from the use of condoms, vasectomy is the only method of birth control that is the responsibility of the man. Vasectomy is more cost effective, less invasive and has a lower failure rate than sterilization in women. The general practitioner (GP) plays a very important role when a couple or an individual consults them about a vasectomy referral. Bearing in mind the poor pregnancy rate of vasectomy reversal and the potential cost, some men may want to have information about sperm storage. Cryo-storage would allow artificial insemination of their current partner or of a new partner. Vasectomy operative techniques described in this chapter include: open-ended vasectomy, fascial imposition, and Pro-Vas. The chapter explains that the man may experience a small amount of pain and discomfort during and after the procedure and that usually paracetamol is sufficient for pain relief.