jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3533: Zebrafish her3 knockout impacts developmental and rhabdomyosarcoma-related gene signatures

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract HES3 is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that regulates neural stem cell renewal during development. HES3 overexpression is predictive of reduced overall survival in patients with fusion-positive rhabdomyosarcoma, a pediatric cancer that resembles immature and undifferentiated skeletal muscle and is most commonly driven by the fusion-oncogene PAX3-FOXO1. However, the mechanisms of HES3 cooperation in PAX3-FOXO1 driven rhabdomyosarcoma are unclear and are likely related to her3/HES3’s role in neurogenesis. To investigate HES3’s function during development, we generated a zebrafish CRISPR/Cas9 null mutation of her3, the zebrafish ortholog of HES3. Phenotypic characterization revealed that her3 null mutation is not embryonic lethal as they are present at expected Mendelian ratios. We observed a temporary growth delay her3 zebrafish null mutants and, rarely, eye defects in adults. Transcriptomic analysis of her3 null mutant embryos showed early dysregulation of a known downstream target, neurog1 and downregulation of genes involved in organ development, such as pctp and grinab, while genes pointing toward a terminal differentiation state, such as tmod, are upregulated. Differentially expressed genes in her3 null mutant embryos are enriched for HOX and SOX10 motifs, suggesting these may be key genes involved during HES3 dysregulation. Several cancer-related gene pathways are impacted, including the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases and the tumor microenvironment pathway. To complement our zebrafish model, we are developing a double-inducible cell line model consisting of a tetracycline-inducible HES3 and a cumate-inducible PAX3-FOXO1 to further investigate the hypothesized cooperation between her3/HES3 and PAX3-FOXO1 in fusion-positive rhabdomyosarcoma. These two systems will allow us to elucidate conserved mechanisms of cooperation between HES3 and PAX3-FOXO1, and identify new therapeutic opportunities for children with fusion-driven rhabdomyosarcoma. Citation Format: Matthew R. Kent, Delia Calderon, Katherine M. Silvius, Jack P. Kucinski, Collette A. LaVigne, Matthew V. Cannon, Genevieve C. Kendall. Zebrafish her3 knockout impacts developmental and rhabdomyosarcoma-related gene signatures. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3533.
Particle deposition and clearance as a test of toxic effect

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The field of inhalation toxicology is currently in an intriguing active\nphase characterized by two features: (1) compilation, description and quantitation\nof effects other than mortality that include physiological, morphological\nand biochemical parameters, and (2) development of an understanding\nof biologic responses in terms of the physical and chemical properties of inhaled\nmaterials. Further development in both of these areas seems necessary\nfor inhalation toxicology to become a predictive discipline as opposed\nto merely a descriptive one. The phenomena associated with deposition and\nclearance of inhaled particles have recently been recognized as important\naspects of the defensive mechanisms of the lung. The purpose of this paper\nis to justify the use of deposition and clearance tests in the inhalation toxicology\nlaboratory. AMRL-TR-75-125
Primary study on fermentation technology of healthy jujube rice wine

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Jujube and sticky rice are used as raw materials to study the fermentation technology of healthy jujube rice wine, the conclusion shows that the best fermentation conditions are: the addition of jujube juice is 15%, and add the jujube juice when mix the distiller's yeast, the primary fermentation temperature is 27°C. The jujube rice wine produced by fermentation has a date-specific odor, but also has a mellow taste of rice wine, and has a strong health care function.
S100A4 May Be a Good Prognostic Marker and a Therapeutic Target for Colon Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background . Globally, the colorectal cancers rank the third in terms of cancer incidence and rank the fourth in cancer-associated deaths. S100A4, an important member of the S100 protein family, serves to promote tumor progression and metastasis. By conducting this study, we aim to examine the role of S100A4 in the prognosis of colon cancer and to demonstrate its prognostic significance. Methods . Tissue samples of colon cancer from 148 patients who underwent colon resection due to colon cancer were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining to determine the protein expression levels of S100A4. The protein expression levels of S100A4 in tumor tissue were matched with the clinicopathologic factors including patient survival. Results . Cytoplasmic expression of S100A4 protein was demonstrated in the tumor tissue of 132 patients (89.2%) out of a total of 148 study patients. Statistically, the expression levels of the cytoplasmic S100A4 protein correlated significantly with the TNM stages and patient survival. The distribution of the S100A4 protein staining in the tumor tissue was associated with the age groups, tumor localization, TNM staging, and patient survival with statistical significance. The levels of S100A4 protein expression were found to be an independent prognostic factor for TNM staging and poor survival. Conclusion . Expression of the S100A4 protein in colon cancers may be an indicator of tumor progression and lymph node metastasis and may be useful for predicting the overall survival of the patients with colon cancer. In patients with colon cancer, it may be used as an indicator of poor prognosis.
Methylphenidate and Clonidine Combination Debated

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The Debate Forum of the J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, in the May 1999 issue, addresses the concern regarding reported risk of fatalities in children receiving clonidine in combination with methylphenidate (MPH) for the treatment of ADHD with comorbid aggression, Tourette syndrome, or sleep disturbance.
C-18 CHARACTERIZATION AND ASSESSMENT OF NANO-GRAINED TUNGSTEN CARBIDE AS A TOOLING MATERIAL FOR DEJUNK APPLICATION(Session: MIM/Tool)

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This study aims to characterize and assess the nano-grained tungsten carbide (WC) as a tooling material for dejunk application in the semiconductor industry. Characterization techniques were employed to evaluate the following: a) mechanical properties (hardness and modulus of elasticity), b) microstructure and grain size, and c) material composition. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Scanning Acoustic Tomography (SCAT) were used to check and assess the performance of the nano-grained WC compared with the existing coarse-grained WC used by the semiconductor industry. Results showed that the structure and grain size is a function of hardness and the material's ability to resist wear. The nano-grained WC has higher resistance to damage and no delamination was observed on the IC packages.
Improved (In-)Approximability Bounds for d-Scattered Set

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the $d$-Scattered Set problem we are asked to select at least $k$ vertices of a given graph, so that the distance between any pair is at least $d$. We study the problem's (in-)approximability and offer improvements and extensions of known results for Independent Set, of which the problem is a generalization. Specifically, we show: - A lower bound of $Δ^{\lfloor d/2\rfloor-ε}$ on the approximation ratio of any polynomial-time algorithm for graphs of maximum degree $Δ$ and an improved upper bound of $O(Δ^{\lfloor d/2\rfloor})$ on the approximation ratio of any greedy scheme for this problem. - A polynomial-time $2\sqrt{n}$-approximation for bipartite graphs and even values of $d$, that matches the known lower bound by considering the only remaining case. - A lower bound on the complexity of any $ρ$-approximation algorithm of (roughly) $2^{\frac{n^{1-ε}}{ρd}}$ for even $d$ and $2^{\frac{n^{1-ε}}{ρ(d+ρ)}}$ for odd $d$ (under the randomized ETH), complemented by $ρ$-approximation algorithms of running times that (almost) match these bounds.
Conformation characters of gel sheets with rotational symmetry: the role of boundary

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we systemically study the conformation characters of rotational symmetric gel sheets with free boundary and investigate the role of boundary on the equilibrium conformation. In gel sheet the boundary provides a residual strain which leads to re-distribution of stress and impacts the shape of equilibrium conformation accordingly. For sheet with boundary, the in-plane stretching energy is far larger than the bending energy in some cases. It is intrinsic different from closed membrane. In gel sheets, the boundary doesn't only quantitatively amend to the elastic energy. The residual strain on boundary cooperates with bending and stretching to determine the equilibrium conformation rather than just the last two factors. Furthermore, on the boundary of gel sheet, there is an additional energy induced by boundary line tension $γ$. If $γ=0$, there is $10\%$ difference of elastic energy from the experimental result. Finally, we discuss the effects of such line tension $γ$ and propose a way to measure it by the border radius. It redounds to study the physical origination of $γ$.
ProductGraphSleepNet: Sleep Staging using Product Spatio-Temporal Graph Learning with Attentive Temporal Aggregation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The classification of sleep stages plays a crucial role in understanding and diagnosing sleep pathophysiology. Sleep stage scoring relies heavily on visual inspection by an expert that is time consuming and subjective procedure. Recently, deep learning neural network approaches have been leveraged to develop a generalized automated sleep staging and account for shifts in distributions that may be caused by inherent inter/intra-subject variability, heterogeneity across datasets, and different recording environments. However, these networks ignore the connections among brain regions, and disregard the sequential connections between temporally adjacent sleep epochs. To address these issues, this work proposes an adaptive product graph learning-based graph convolutional network, named ProductGraphSleepNet, for learning joint spatio-temporal graphs along with a bidirectional gated recurrent unit and a modified graph attention network to capture the attentive dynamics of sleep stage transitions. Evaluation on two public databases: the Montreal Archive of Sleep Studies (MASS) SS3; and the SleepEDF, which contain full night polysomnography recordings of 62 and 20 healthy subjects, respectively, demonstrates performance comparable to the state-of-the-art (Accuracy: 0.867;0.838, F1-score: 0.818;0.774 and Kappa: 0.802;0.775, on each database respectively). More importantly, the proposed network makes it possible for clinicians to comprehend and interpret the learned connectivity graphs for sleep stages.
Dataset for Unity-Rate Codes Maximize the Normalized Throughput of On-Off Keying Visible Light Communication

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this letter, we aim for maximizing the throughput of a VLC system. Explicitly, we conceive a Soft-In Soft-Out (SISO) decoder providing soft feedback for the classic Run Length Limited (RLL) codes, hence facilitating iterative decoding for exchanging valuable extrinsic information between the RLL and the error correction modules of a VLC system. Furthermore, we propose a Unity Rate Code (URC) for our VLC system, which hence becomes capable of matching the On-Off Keying (OOK) capacity, while maintaining a flicker-free dimming value of 50%.
Amelogenin, an extracellular matrix protein, in the treatment of venous leg ulcers and other hard-to-heal wounds: Experimental and clinical evidence ||FREE PAPER||

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Marco Romanelli1, Valentina Dini1, Peter Vowden2, Magnus S Ågren31Department of Dermatology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; 2Vascular Unit, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, United Kingdom; 3Department of Surgery K, Bispebjerg Hospitals, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, DenmarkAbstract: Amelogenins are extracellular matrix proteins that, under physiological conditions, self-assemble into globular aggregates up to micron-sizes. Studies with periodontal fibroblasts indicate that attachment to these structures increases the endogenous secretion of multiple growth factors and cell proliferation. Pre-clinical and clinical studies indicate that cutaneous wounds benefit from treatment with amelogenins. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) involving patients with hard-to-heal venous leg ulcers (VLUs) (ie, ulcers with a surface area ≥10 cm2 and duration of ≥6 months) showed that the application of amelogenin (Xelma®, Molnlycke Health Care, Gothenburg, Sweden) as an adjunct treatment to compression results in significant reduction in ulcer size, improvement in the state of ulcers, reduced pain, and a larger proportion of ulcers with low levels of exudate, compared with treatment with compression alone. Amelogenin therapy was also shown to be safe to use in that there were no significant differences in adverse events noted between patients treated with amelogenin plus compression and those treated with compression alone. Case study evaluations indicate that the benefits of amelogenin therapy demonstrated in the RCT are being repeated in “real life” situations and that amelogenin therapy may also have a role to play in the treatment of other wound types such as diabetic foot ulcers.Keywords: extracellular matrix, amelogenin, venous leg ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers, pyoderma gangrenosum
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-driven Glioma Growth and Vascularization in an Orthotopic Rat Model Monitored by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our model elucidates glioma growth and vascularization as strongly VEGF dependent, which is consistent with human gliomas. Thus, this model is suitable for testing antiangiogenic strategies to interfere with the VEGF/VEGF receptor system, as well as for exploring VEGF-independent mechanisms using the antisense-transfected clone.
Poly-microbia biofilms are Candida albicansstrain and morphology dependent

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Oral biofilms are formed by various microorganisms such as C. albicans, Actinomyces naeslundii and Streptococcus mutans. Biofilm forming ability is one of the virulent factors of C. albicans and this may be involved oral carcinogenesis. Our objective was to assess C. albicans, A. naeslundii and S. mutans interaction in the formation of poly-microbial biofilms. Methods: Four C. albicans ATCC strains (32354, MYA-2876, 90234, and 18804), two HIV isolates (genotype-A and genotype-B), two oral cancer isolates (OC1 and OC2), A. naeslundii (NCTC 10301) and S. mutans (Ingbritt) were used in this study. To study intra-kingdom biofilm formation, 24 h culture of C. albicans, A. naeslundii and S. mutans grown in Sabauraud’s dextrose agar, blood agar and Todd-Hewitt yeast extract agar, respectively, were suspended in artificial saliva medium (ASM) or RPMI-1640 to give 106 cells mL-1, 107 cells mL-1 and 108 cells mL-1, respectively in the well of 96-well plate and incubated for 72 h at 37°C. Subsequently, biofilm was stained with crystal violet or XTT to measure biomass and metabolic activity, respectively, and the absorbance at 620nm wavelength measured. To study inter- kingdom biofilms, the same protocol was repeated, except combinations of microorganisms were inoculated in a same well. Results: Growth of C. albicans was predominantly by yeast and hyphal form when grown in ASM and RPMI-1640, respectively. Biofilm biomass of C. albicans co- cultured with A. naeslundii and/or S. mutans was C. albicans strain and morphology dependent. More often high biofilm biomass (HBB) observed in ASM-grown biofilm (43.7%), and more often high metabolic activity (HMA) was observed in RPMI- grown biofilm (65.6%). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that inter-kingdom biofilm biomass and metabolic activity of C. albicans, A. naeslundii and S. mutans is dependent on the strain and morphological form of C. albicans.
End of term report for Alan Milburn

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

(following his government's response to the House of Commons Select Committee on Health's second report on public health; see p 249)

Dear parent/guardian,

I have become rather worried about Alan's performance in the last few months. In particular much of his written work has left a great deal to be desired. I am also sorry to say that Alan and some of the bigger boys have been picking on the public health team, who, as you know, are a small group and not as tough as many of the other children.

> Did foot and mouth disease leave Alan confused, so all he could think about was culling?

Most disappointing of all was his recent essay on improving the public health, for which he was given a borderline fail grade. Although he had a brave attempt at addressing the problem, his ideas were poorly developed and he showed little evidence of reading around the subject.

Firstly, he implied in the essay that public health improvements were all to do with …
Hyper-Local Content Is Key—Especially Social Media: A Cross-Country Comparison of Mobile Content in Brazil, China, India, and Nigeria

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Until recently, smartphones have been used exclusively in the developed world, but they are now increasingly making inroads in Latin America, Africa, and Asia.Consumers across emerging markets are keen to use mobile apps, but they face significant barriers.For instance, more than one-third of consumers in developing nations find content too expensive, and app stores, which usually are driven by mobile networks or brands such as Google and Apple, require access to credit or banking facilities.Translation presents another major obstacle; many mobile users cannot find the content they are searching for-or any content at all-in their local language.Consumers in emerging markets expect to interact primarily with highly localized mobile social networks and health services, followed by music and entertainment content, and then gaming.This is not to say that news and business content are less important-consumer interaction with all types of content must be taken seriously in order to understand attitudes toward and perceptions of mobile.Upstream's "The Next Mobile Frontier Report"-a survey of mobile consumers in Brazil, China, India, Nigeria (and Vietnam)-ranked content preferences as follows: social networking (82%), music (81%), news (78%), gaming (65%), lifestyle (54%), books (53%), business or financial services (46%), educa-
Functional elucidation of a novel protein tetratricopeptide.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

TTC9 was first reported as a hypothetical protein KIAA0227 by Nagase et al based on the sequence analysis of a cDNA clone isolated from a brain cDNA library. It was also reported later by the National Institutes of MGC Program. It is now referred to as TTC9 because of its sequence homology to a family of TTC proteins which contain tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domains. Human TTC9 is located on chromosome 14q24.2. Its transcript sizes are predicted to be 5217 bp and 2567 bp respectively, both of which encode a predicted protein of 336 amino acids (aa). The updated NCBI entry (accession XM_027236.5) predicted a 5453 bp transcript that encodes a 415 aa protein. Using Vector NTI software: we deduced the ORF of TTC9 mRNA (XM_027236.5) to be from nucleotide 580 to 1248, encoding a protein of 222 aa that contains 3 TPR domains at its carboxyl terminus. Blast searches: using the amino acid sequence 1 - 51, which is outside of the TPR domains of TTC9, yielded no sequence similarity to any protein domains in the database, suggesting that TTC9 is a unique novel protein.
Initiation, propagation and termination in free radical copolymerization

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract At present, the full sequence of events in free‐radical copolymerization cannot be described by a simple kinetic scheme. Indeed, several attempts to derive the copolymerization rate in homogeneous media on the basis of the usual assumptions considered valid for the polymerization of a single monomer have completely failed in terms of general validity. An overview of the various models, from the classical one based on the chemical control of the bimolecular termination reaction to the more modern approaches which include diffusion control of the termination stage, is presented and critically examined. The complex kinetic behavior which has already been evidenced in previous chapters for the polymerization of many monomer systems is re‐examined in terms of its relevance in the kinetics of the copolymerizing pair. The effect of the reaction medium separately on initiation, propagation, and termination is analyzed and new perspectives for experimental as well as theoretical studies are examined.
Analysis of the Clinical Characteristics, Radiographic Features, Pituitary Function and Cerebrospinal Fluid Adenohypophysial Hormone Concentrations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Twelve cases of the primary empty seiia syndrome were analyzed in regard to clinical findings, roentgenographic features, pituitary function and cerebrospinai fluid adenohypophysiai hormone concentration. The findings were compared with those in 247 cases of the primary empty seiia syndrome reviewed from the literature in order to determine the major characteristics of this disorder. The majority of patients are obese, multiparous women with normal pituitary reserve, normal visual fields and undetectable adenohypophysiai hormone concentrations in cerebrospinai fluid. in addition, occasional patients will have hypertension, pseudotumor cerebri and cerebrospinai fluid rhinorrhea. Patients who present with the typical features of the primary empty seiia syndrome should be evaluated periodictiiiy with pituitary function testing, visual field examinations and cerebrospinai fluid adenohypophysiai hormone determinations. if these parameters remain normal during careful follow-up studies, the patient is likely to have an empty seiia, and pneumoencephaiographic and angiographic studies can be avoided.