jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Data from Mammary Precancerous Stem and Non-Stem Cells Evolve into Cancers of Distinct Subtypes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>There are distinct cell subpopulations in normal epithelial tissue, including stem cells, progenitor cells, and more differentiated cells, all of which have been extensively studied for their susceptibility to tumorigenesis. However, normal cells usually have to progress through a precancerous lesion state before becoming a full-blown tumor. Precancerous early lesions are heterogeneous, and the cell subset that is the primary source of the eventual tumor remains largely unknown. By using mouse models that are tailored to address this question, we identified a keratin 6a-expressing precancerous stem cell (PcSC) subset and a more differentiated whey acidic protein-positive (WAP+) cell subset in mammary precancerous lesions initiated by the <i>Wnt1</i> oncogene. Both cell subsets rapidly progressed to cancer upon introduction of constitutively active versions of either HRAS or BRAF. However, the resulting tumors were dramatically different in protein profiles and histopathology: keratin 6a+ precancerous cells gave rise to adenocarcinoma, whereas WAP+ cells yielded metaplastic carcinoma with severe squamous differentiation and more robust activation of MEK/ERK signaling. Therefore, both stem and non-stem cells in mammary precancerous lesions can contribute to the eventual cancers, but their differentiation status determines the resulting cancer phenotype. This work identifies a previously unknown player in cancer heterogeneity and suggests that cancer prevention should target precancerous cells broadly and not be limited to PcSC.</p>Significance:<p>This work uses a novel mouse mammary gland cancer model to show that tumors initiated from different precancerous mammary epithelial cells are distinct.</p></div>
NRN1 and CAT Gene Polymorphisms, Complex Noise, and Lifestyles Interactively Affect the Risk of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Multiple genetic and environmental factors influence the severity of NIHL. However, few studies have reported interactions among such factors in modulating the risk of NIHL. This study aimed to assess for interactions among gene polymorphisms, noise metrics, and lifestyles on the risk of NIHL. Methods: A case-control study was conducted using 307 patients with NIHL and 307 matched healthy individuals from five manufacturing industries. General demographic data, lifestyle details, and noise exposure levels were recorded. The kompetitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) was used to analyze the genotypes of 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) method was used to examine the effects of all possible interactions. Results: The proportion of people with complex noise exposure, high CNE, high adj-CNE, smoking, propensity to watch loud videos, or sedentary lifestyle was significantly greater in the NIHL group than in the healthy group ( P < 0.05). The GMDR model demonstrated a relevant interaction between NRN1 rs3805789 and CAT rs7943316. Subjects with the SNP pair of NRN1 rs3805789-CC and CAT rs7943316-AT, NRN1 rs3805789-CT and CAT rs7943316-AA, NRN1 rs3805789-CT and CAT rs7943316-TT, NRN1 rs3805789-CT/TT and CAT rs7943316-AA, or NRN1 rs3805789-CC and CAT rs7943316-AT/TT had higher risks of NIHL than those with NRN1 rs3805789-CC and CAT rs7943316-AA ( P < 0.05). There was an interaction among NRN1 rs3805789, CAT rs7943316, and kurtosis. Subjects exposed to complex noise and carrying both NRN1 rs3805789-CT and CAT rs7943316-TT or NRN1 rs3805789-CT/TT and CAT rs7943316-AA had higher risks of NIHL than those exposed to steady noise and carrying both NRN1 rs3805789-CC and CAT rs7943316-AA ( P < 0.05). The best six‐locus model involving NRN1 rs3805789, CAT rs7943316, smoking, video volume, physical exercise, and working pressure for the risk of NIHL was found to be the interaction ( P = 0.0010). An interaction was also found among smoking, video volume, physical exercise, working pressure, and kurtosis ( P = 0.0107). Conclusions: Complex noise, high CNE, high adj-CNE, smoking, high video volume, and sedentary lifestyle are environmental risk factors for NIHL. Concurrence of NRN1 rs3805789 and CAT rs7943316 constitutes a genetic risk factor for NIHL. Complex noise exposure significantly increases the risk of NIHL in subjects with a high genetic risk score. Interactions between genes and lifestyle as well as noise metrics and lifestyle affect the risk of NIHL. These results provide a theoretical basis for screening genetic and environmental risk factors to prevent NIHL.
Unusual Strugglings of Mind

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter explores the vital paradoxes in Baptists' understanding of the relationship between religious and political authority. It begins by examining the debates over church and state in Virginia. In North Carolina, disestablishment occurred relatively quickly and with much less public debate. In Virginia, however, the process of disestablishment involved a complicated negotiation among different civil and sectarian factions that carried on for years and ultimately resulted in a far-reaching statement for religious liberty. The chapter then turns to Baptists' involvement in political debates and political culture in the early republic.
The ‘common sense’ memory belief system and its implications

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Memory experts, the police and the public completed a memory questionnaire containing a series of statements about autobiographical memory. The statements covered issues such as the nature of memory, determinants of accuracy and the relation of emotion and trauma to memory, and respondents indicated their agreement/disagreement with each of the statements. The police and public were found to share a ‘common sense’ memory belief system (CSMBS) in which memories were like videos/photographs, and accuracy was determined by the number of details recalled and also by their vividness. In direct contrast, the scientific memory belief system, held by memory researchers, largely based on scientific evidence, was the opposite of the CSMBS and memories were judged to be fragmentary, number of details and their nature did not predict accuracy, and memories and their details could be in error and even false. The problematic nature of the CSMBS, which is pervasive in society, in raising the probability of flawed judgments of memory evidence is considered and, by way of illustration, applied to the (very high) attrition rate in complaints of rape.
Pornography in perspective: social response in the noncensoring society

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter attempts to break down a false antithesis that has dominated debate about social policy toward pornography; it also discusses a range of policy options available to governmental and to nongovernmental entities in responding to pornography. The false antithesis is the notion that there are only two possible collective responses to pornography as a social issue: the imposition of censorship, or the toleration of anarchy. Those who have sought to use government power to minimize the possible effects of pornography have usually assumed that the only effective way of controlling the social damage believed to be caused by pornography is a system of prior restraint enforced with substantial criminal penalties.
Sleep problems in children with autism spectrum disorder and typical development

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Although higher sleep problems have been mostly reported in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared with typically developing (TD) children, particularly in Western countries, such evidence is relatively scarce in developing countries. We therefore investigated sleep difficulties in Thai children aged 3‐16 years with ASD compared with age‐ and gender‐matched TD children by using the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ)‐Thai version. Methods Sixty‐five children with ASD (mean age 97.7, SD 44.5 months; boys 70.8%) and 65 TD individuals (mean age 98.5, SD 43.5 months) were enrolled at a university‐based hospital in Bangkok. Background characteristics, sleep duration variables, and the CSHQ were completed by the participants' parents. The CSHQ subscales and total score between children with ASD and TD controls were then compared. Results Children with ASD were more likely to have longer sleep latency than TD individuals for both weekdays and the weekend. Those with ASD had higher CSHQ subscales including bedtime resistance, sleep onset delay, sleep anxiety, and night waking in addition to the CSHQ total scores than TD controls. In the ASD group, those who took psychostimulants for treatment of ADHD had lower scores on the sleep duration subscale compared with unmedicated individuals. Conclusions Sleep difficulties were more prevalent in children with ASD compared with TD individuals. Parents should be advised to be aware of sleep problems in individuals with ASD. As such, sleep disturbances will be identified early, resulting in appropriate management and improved quality of life, not only for those with ASD but also their families.
Language picture of children's world illustrated in “divanu lugat-it turk”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article explores the language picture of the World and its varieties, the role of children's world picture and the features of its study. Also, special attention is paid to the Turkic children's worldview of the 11th century, set forth in the famous "Divan" by Mahmoud Kashgary. Some comments are given on the analysis of the concept of "children's world picture ". From this stage, the child's own language picture begins to wane, that is, at first the imaginary, mythological, sentimental concepts and related frames leave the child's thinking and gradually take over the world. Hence, the linguocultural and linguocognitive features of LPCHW presented in “Divanu Lugat-it Turk”require a special research to summarize data within linguocultural concepts and identify key parameters and components. We have tried to focus onlyon some of the features of this issue in our research. At the same time, linguistics is closely related to the generally accepted language and thinking, and the parameters such as age, gender, beliefs, education, knowledge and understanding of the world are exactly the “national consciousness” in the formation of LPW. This process involves theimportant factors as “national thinking”, “national idea”, “national culture”, “national mentality” and “national character”. One issue that plays an important role in shaping the LPW in the child's language and thinking is the problem of "monolingualism and multilingualism" in the family or community. It is well known that in the 11th century Turkic peoples spoke a monolanguage in the family and in the community (except for the cities of Turkic-Sogdian bilingualism).
Effect of Dexmedetomidine Hydrochloride on Early Cognitive Function in Postoperative Elderly Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: to explore the effect of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride on early cognitive function in postoperative elderly patients. Methods: during December 2015 to November 2016, 80 elderly patients who received surgical treatment in our hospital were selected as research object. Result: patients were randomly divided into two groups (control group and research group). On the basis of routine anesthetic induction, patients in research group took dexmedetomidine, in comparison, patients in control group took an equal dose of sodium chloride solution. The goal was to evaluate the anesthetic effect of those two methods. One hour before surgery, there was no significant difference in the MMSE score between the two groups (P＞0.05). In research group, the MMSE scores at postoperative 1d and 3d were (23.8 ± 2.4) and (27.1 ± 2.0) respectively. In control group, the MMSE scores at postoperative 1d and 3d were (20.5 ± 3.2) and (24.6 ± 3.4) respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in anesthesia time, awake time and extubation time between those two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion: using dexmedetomidine in elderly patients after surgery can protect early cognitive function and improve the prognosis.
Arrhythmias in Children with Acute Respiratory Viral Infections: Prevalence and Causes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The article presents literature review about arrhythmias in children with acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI). The search was carried out in such databases as PubMed, CyberLeninka, RSCI, etc. ARVI is the most common infectious disease in children and adults, and it can have severe course and various complications. Arrhythmias can be frequently revealed in children with ARVI, and most of them are transient. Life-threatening cardiac rhythm and conduction disorders (CRCD) may occur more rarely, especially in severe cases. Knowledge and interest in the pathophysiology of viral infections have increased significantly, including CRCD risk factors in ARVI, thanks to the data obtained during the analysis of COVID-19 clinical course and outcome. This review summarizes and analyzes data on CRCD prevalence and arrhythmogenesis causes in ARVI.
AN IMPROVED SELECTIVE BRONCHIAL INTUBATION TECHNIQUE FOR MANAGING SEVERE LOCALIZED INTERSTITIAL EMPHYSEMA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT. A 30‐week gestation boy developed severe unilateral interstitial emphysema whilst being ventilated. This was successfully treated by selective bronchial intubation. The problem of right upper lobe collapse was overcome by using an endotracheal tube with an additional side hole.
Steroid resistance in COPD is associated with impaired molecular chaperone HSP90 expression by pro-inflammatory lymphocytes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Corticosteroid resistance is a major barrier to effective treatment of COPD and is associated with steroid resistant CD28nullCD8+ pro-inflammatory lymphocytes. These senescent lymphocytes express decreased glucocorticoid receptor (GCR) levels. GCR must be bound to molecular chaperones heat shock proteins (HSP)70 and HSP90 to acquire a high-affinity steroid binding conformation and traffic to the nucleus. We hypothesized a loss of HSP70/90 from these lymphocytes that contribute to steroid resistance in COPD. Blood was collected from 10 COPD and 10 aged-matched controls. Cytotoxic mediators (perforin and granzyme B), intracellular pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFNγ and TNFα) and expression of CD28, GCR, HSP70 and HSP90 were determined T and NKT-like cells in the presence of ± 10µM prednisolone and 2.5ng/ml cyclosporine A (binds to GCR-HSP70/90 complex) using flow cytometry, western blot and fluorescence microscopy. Loss of HSP90 and GCR from CD28null CD8+ T and NKT-like cells in COPD was noted (HSP70 unchanged). Loss of HSP90 correlated with the percentage of CD28null CD8+ T and NKT-like cells producing IFNγ or TNFα in all subjects (eg, COPD: R= -.763, p=0.007 for T-cell IFNγ). Up-regulation of HSP90 and associated decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokine production was found in CD28nullCD8+ T and NKT-like cells in the presence of 10-6 M prednisolone and 2.5 ng/mL cyclosporine A. Loss of HSP90 from cytotoxic/pro-inflammatory CD28nullCD8+ T and NKT-like cells could contribute to steroid resistance in COPD. Combined prednisolone with low-dose cyclosporine A, that up-regulate HSP90 and inhibit these pro-inflammatory cells, may reduce systemic inflammation in COPD.
Relationship between Job Stress and 5-HT2A Receptor Polymorphisms on Self-Reported Sleep Quality in Physicians in Urumqi (Xinjiang, China): A Cross-Sectional Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The serotonin receptor (5-HTR) plays a key role in sleep quality regulation. Job-related stress is an important factor that influences sleep quality. However, few reports on the interaction between 5-HTR2A polymorphisms and job stress, and how they may impact upon sleep quality are available. Therefore this study investigated the effects of job stress, 5-HTR2A polymorphisms, and their interaction on sleep quality, in physicians. Using a two-stage stratified sampling method, 918 participants were initially invited to participate in the study. After screening for study inclusion and exclusion criteria, 504 subjects were eventually included in the study. Job stress and sleep quality were assessed using the Job Stress Survey (JSS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), respectively. The 5-HTR2A receptor gene polymorphisms T102C and -1438G/A of were determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Job stress was significantly associated with sleep quality. High levels of job stress were linked to a higher risk of poor sleep quality compared to low or moderate levels [odds ratio (OR) = 2.909, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.697–4.986]. High levels of stress may reduce subjects’ sleep quality, leading to an increase the likelihood of sleep disturbances and subsequent daytime dysfunction. The 5-HTR2A receptor gene polymorphism T102C was not significantly associated with sleep quality in this study, however, the -1438G/A polymorphism was significantly associated with sleep quality. The GG genotype of the -1438G/A polymorphism was linked to poorer sleep quality. When compared with subjects with low job-related stress levels×AG/AA genotype (OR = 2.106, 95% CI: 1.278–3.471), physicians with high job-related stress levels×GG genotype had a higher risk of experiencing poor sleep quality (OR = 13.400, 95% CI: 3.143–57.137). The findings of our study indicate that job stress and 5-HTR2A receptor gene polymorphisms are associated with sleep quality in physicians. Subjects with high job stress level or/and the -1438G/A GG genotype were more likely to report poor sleep quality, and furthermore, their combination effect on sleep quality was higher than their independent effects, so it may be suggested that job-related stress and genes have a cumulative effect on sleep quality; that is, stress can increase the risk of poor sleep quality, but this effect is worse in a group of people with specific gene polymorphisms.
2004d Solar System formation deduced from observations of matter. arXiv:astroph/0408151 9

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Aspects of our Solar System’s formation are deduced from observations of the chemical nature of matter. Massive cores are indicative of terrestrial-planet-composition-similarity to enstatite chondrite meteorites, whose highly-reduced state of oxidation may be thermodynamically stable in solar matter only at elevated temperatures and pressures. Consistent with the formation of Earth as envisioned by Arnold Eucken, thermodynamic considerations lead to the deduction that the terrestrial planets formed by liquidcondensation, raining out from the central regions of hot, gaseous protoplanets. The mass of protoplanetary-Earth, estimated to be 275-305mE, is similar to the mass of Jupiter, 318mE. Solar primordial gases and volatile elements were separated from the terrestrial planets early after planet formation, presumably during some super-luminous solar event, perhaps even before Mercury had completely formed. The pre-super-luminosityterrestrial-planet mass distribution appears to be more consistent with observations of the close-in gas-giants of other planetary systems than the present-day-terrestrial-planet mass distribution. Although primarily formed by raining out from the centers of hot, gaseous protoplanets, evidence for the Earth and, by inference for the other terrestrial planets, suggests some outer, minor, secondary accretion of oxidized matter in the grain-growth accumulation way envisioned by George W. Wetherill. By contrast, the so-called “standard model ” for our Solar System’s formation has flawed conceptual underpinnings and would lead to the contradiction of terrestrial planets having insufficiently massive cores.
Possible etiologies of restless legs syndrome in pregnancy: a narrative review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sensorimotor disorder characterized by an urgent need to move the legs, due to the presence of a discomfort sensation in the lower limbs, especially at rest. Generally, it relieves with movement. There are several studies that argue the existence of an association between this syndrome and pregnancy. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms of this disorder in pregnancy are misunderstood. The objective of this narrative review is to identify and discuss some possible etiologies of RLS in pregnancy. A literature search was performed in the PubMed and ResearchGate databases by using the following search strategies: “restless legs syndrome”, “restless legs syndrome in pregnancy”, “pregnancy and vitamin D deficiency” and “pregnancy and zinc”. The publications were initially sorted through their title. After the initial process, inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. The included articles were sorted by authors, year, journal of publication, type of study, and organized by chronological order of publication. Among the main findings, hormonal changes, iron metabolism, vitamin D deficiency, genetic factors, zinc and magnesium fluctuations have been some of the hypotheses supporting the development or worsening of this disorder in pregnancy. Dopamine also appears to be correlated with hormonal changes, iron metabolism, ferritin, folic acid and vitamin D deficiency. In conclusion, there are several hypotheses trying to link restless legs syndrome with pregnancy. The most covered were hormonal fluctuations and iron metabolism. However, this thematic is still highly discussed, creating the need for additional and thorough research.
WHAT ARE WE DOING?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Research Article| January 01 1955 WHAT ARE WE DOING? Clifford L. Lord Clifford L. Lord Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Utah Historical Quarterly (1955) 23 (1): 65–73. https://doi.org/10.2307/45057785 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Clifford L. Lord; WHAT ARE WE DOING?. Utah Historical Quarterly 1 January 1955; 23 (1): 65–73. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/45057785 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressUtah Historical Quarterly Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. COPYRIGHT 1955 Utah State Historical Society1955 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
A spectral-kinetic study of the photochemical properties of 1-aryl-3-alkyl-5-(benzothiazol-2-yl)formazans

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Photochemical transformations of 1-aryl-3-alkyl-5-(benzothiazol-2-yl)formazans under continuous irradiation conditions were studied by means of electronic absorption spectroscopy. It was shown that thermally reversible photoisomerization about the C=N bond occurred during irradiation.