jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A scoping review in Indian post-stroke patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Stroke is the second most common cause of death worldwide and the third most common cause of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) worldwide. According to the available evidence, 85.5 % of total stroke fatalities are reported in lowand middle-income countries compared with high-income countries. In addition, the prevalence of DALYs in low-income countries is very high. The major challenge is the vastness of India and its humongous population size, which makes it nearly impossible to reach patients far away. The quality of life (QoL) of stroke survivors is an important factor in predicting the burden of the disease and determining the effectiveness of treatment. Many research studies provide an overview of the overall estimates of QoL and contribute to research on QoL after stroke in India. Owing to the bleak post-stroke rehabilitation facilities in India, stroke patients don't get the post-stroke care they ought to. The gap is not only in the patient care management system but also in the policies laid out by the government. The unmet gaps in post-stroke rehabilitation and patient care remain a major setback in patient care management, which impacts the clinical outcomes at large. These challenges are the reasons for the increasing disease burden on society and the hampering of the socio-economic status of the country at large. The government authorities should lay down the policy that will help the patient seek the correct in-time treatment for stroke and help the post-stroke patients to live a QoL.
Augmentation with cognitive behavioural therapy has superior efficacy to augmentation with risperidone for treating adults with treatment-resistant OCD

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

For adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) resistant to serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs), American Psychological Association practice guidelines1 recommend adding either behavioural therapy based on exposure and response prevention (EX/RP) or a second-generation antipsychotic. Factors mentioned in the guidelines1 that might lead patients and clinicians to prefer the antipsychotic option includes local availability of properly trained cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) therapists, treatment costs and the patient's ability to comply with CBT (willingness to do the time-intensive and emotionally challenging work of CBT over several weeks). Among antipsychotics, risperidone has been most effective in small trials.2–4
Agile supply chain strategy and supply chain performance: complementary roles of supply chain practices and information systems capability for agility

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The paper examines the mediating effect of supply chain (SC) practices on the relationship between agile supply chain (ASC) strategy and SC performance. It further examines the moderating effect of information systems (IS) capability for agility on this mediated relationship. Using the theoretical lenses of complementarity and the information processing view of the supply chain, we hypothesise that strategic supplier partnership, customer relationship, postponement and lean practices, mediate the relationship between ASC strategy and SC performance. We further hypothesise that IS capability for agility moderates each of these mediated relationships. We empirically test the hypotheses using survey data from members of senior and executive management in the logistics/supply chain functions of 205 firms. The paper contributes to the literature on ASCs by theoretically explaining and empirically demonstrating how SC practices and IS capability for agility act together to effect a positive relationship between ASC strategy and supply chain performance.
Churchill, British Intelligence, and the German Opposition Question

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In a previous article, ‘British Intelligence and the July Bomb Plot of 1944: A Reappraisal’, it was recorded that in 1949 Winston Churchill had stated to a surviving member of the German opposition that ‘during the war he had been misled by his assistants about the considerable strength and size of the German anti-Hitler resistance’. It also highlighted the fact that historians have argued consistently that the July bomb plot and its antecedents represented ‘an embarrassing failure by British intelligence’ due to an alleged inability to warn its political ‘consumers’ of a developing anti-Hitler conspiracy within the Third Reich. New evidence has now surfaced proving categorically that British intelligence informed Churchill not only of the potential strength of the German army opposition, but also of its determination to overthrow Hitler and his Nazi cohorts by means of a coup d’état. The present article argues that this fresh evidence, in the shape of PREM 7/7, consigns, once and for all, these accusations against British intelligence to the dustbin of history.
Photorefractive two-beam coupling of time-modulated optical signals in Cu-KNSBN crystals

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The interaction between two incident beams in a photorefractive Cu-doped (Cu-KNSBN) crystal is investigated at 632.8nm He-Ne laser wavelength. In addition, the coherent two-wave coupling properties of a photoinduced volume refractive-index phase grating in the presence of amplitude modulation on the signal beam are also experimentally investigated as a function of the intensity ratio of the two incident beams. Some preliminary experimental result are presented for use as a dynamic photorefractive beam-splitter and pulse shaping element in coherent optical communication systems and in optical signal processing.
Factors that affect native English speakers’ comfort levels when communicating with non‐native English speakers

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract This study explores native English speakers’ (NESs) self‐reported comfort levels when speaking with non‐native English speakers (NNESs) from different first language (L1) backgrounds and in six different communication situations. NESs ( n = 122) listened to Spanish L1 and Chinese L1 NNESs with low, mid or high levels of English proficiency and rated their comfort level interacting with them. Results indicated that higher proficiency speakers were rated significantly higher (more comfortable as interlocutors) than Mid which were in turn rated higher than Low proficiency speakers. Spanish L1 speakers were rated higher than Chinese L1 speakers except at low proficiency levels. Ratings for more casual communication situations were higher than more formal situations. Results suggest that communicative expectations may be different for Spanish and Chinese speakers.
Preparation of pyrimidinylamine compounds as gamma secretase modulators useful for treatment of Aβ-related diseases.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The invention relates to pyrimidinylamine compds. of formula I and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and pharmaceutical compns. thereof, as well as processes for making these compds. for use in the treatment and/or prevention of Aβ-related diseases. I [wherein A is (un)substituted 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl ring comprising at least one N; R1 is H, C1-3-alkyl, cyano, etc.; R2 and R3 are each independently selected from C1-3-alkyl and fluoro-C1-3-alkyl; or R2 and R3 together with the carbon to which they are attached form a 3- to 6-membered satd. carbocyclic ring, optionally substituted with one or more fluoro substituents; R4 is C1-3-alkyl, fluoro-C1-3-alkyl, or C3-6-cycloalkyl-C1-3-alkyl; R5 is H, C1-3-alkyl, fluoro, etc.; R6 is, for example, CH3NH-, CNCH2-, or MeO-] or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are claimed and exemplified. Example compd. II was prepd. from the reaction of III with 3-methoxy-4-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)aniline under Buchwald-Hartwig conditions in 77% yield. Fifty-two compds. of I were evaluated for activity on Aβ formation utilizing electrochemiluminescence anal. and HEK cells expressing amyloid precursor protein (data given). [on SciFinder(R)]
Myotonic dystrophy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In 1992 the underlying mutational event in myotonic dystrophy (DM) was discovered to be an expanded trinucleotide repeat DNA sequence n located in the 3' untranslated region of a protein kinase gene. The principle features in adults include myotonia with muscle weakness and wasting, cataracts, gonadal atrophy in males, hyperinsulin secretion and cardiac conduction abnormalities. As myotonic dystrophy causes defects in muscle excitability, ion channels involved in the regulation of muscle activity have been extensively studied as potential substrates for DMPK. Recombinant DMPK has been shown to phosphorylate the ß-subunit of the dihydropyridine receptor, a voltage-gating L-type calcium channel. As the molecular basis of myotonic dystrophy is still uncertain, the analysis of mice which lack a functional copy of the DMPK homologue might be expected to resolve whether DM is caused by a loss of DMPK or by some other mechanism.
Deciphering mechanisms of pathogenicity and resistance induction in the interaction between <em>Phytophthora</em> spp. and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.).

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this work, five parallel investigations are combined aiming to elucidate mechanisms of pathogenicity and resistance induction on the beech-Phytophthora interaction. It was demonstrated that blocking elicitins caused loss of pathogen virulence. Phosphite protected beech seedlings against infection by P. plurivora. Two innovative devices were developed to quantify zoospores attraction to root-exudates and to manipulate temperature of infected roots. Finally, allocation of carbon and nitrogen was investigated in Beech infected with P. plurivora and P. pseudosyringae.
Unusual anatomical features of the right atrioventricular valve.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Despite the great interest taken in the tricuspid valve, the anatomical literature on the subject still leaves much open to question. The aim of this study was to describe the natural foramina which are present in the leaflets of the tricuspid valve, as well as, well -- founded onto -- and phylogenetically lack of continuity of its attachment and the frenula of the tricuspid valve. We studied the frequency of occurrence and morphology of these features of the tricuspid valve in 107 adult hearts.
Eikosanoid effects on coronary blood flow and ischaemic myocardium

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Neutrophil infiltration occurs rapidly in the dynamic process of myocardial ischaemia and may exaggerate ischaemic myocardial injury. Eikosanoids produced by neutrophils may function as deleterious (leukotrienes) or protective (prostaglandins) metabolites in myocardial ischaemia. We have tested the effect of leukotrienes and a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin) in anaesthetized dogs. Leukotrienes C<inf>4</inf> and D<inf>4</inf> (0.1 μg kg-1 i.e.) reduced coronary blood flow from 80±7 ml min1 per 100 g by 41±4% (P < 0.0005) without negative inotropic effects. When myocardial ischaemia (lactate production) was induced by mechanical reduction of coronary blood flow to 35±4 ml min-1 per 100 g, leukotrienes reduced coronary blood flow by only 28±5% (P < 0.001 vs non-ischaemic) but nonetheless induced deterioration of myocardial function. Indomethacin (5 mg kg-1 intravenously) had a similar effect on coronary blood flow as leukotrienes at normal coronary perfusion. However, the reduction of coronary blood flow by indomethacin was not attenuated in the presence of myocardial ischaemia. The effect of leukotrienes on coronary blood flow was unaffected by pretreatment with indomethacin at normal coronary perfusion but was potentiated in the presence of myocardial ischaemia. Thus, leukotrienes may reduce coronary blood flow and myocardial function in the presence of myocardial ischaemia but do not possess a direct negative inotropic effect. The effect of leukotrienes is not mediated by cyclo-oxygenase products. In the presence of myocardial ischaemia, endogenous cyclo-oxygenase products antagonize coronary constriction induced by leukotrienes. A protective effect of endogenous cyclo-oxygenase products is therefore suggested in this model of myocardial ischaemia.
A different technique in gasless laparoendoscopic single-site hysterectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to show a different technique for a gasless laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) hysterectomy and to present advantages and limitations of this technique. Women undergoing gasless LESS hysterectomy with a different technique were evaluated. A total of 14 LESS hysterectomies were performed using this gasless technique and rigid laparoscopic instruments by one surgeon. The mean age of the patients was 48.6 (±4.6). The average blood loss was 80 ± 35 ml. The average time between an umbilical incision and starting hysterectomy was 5 (±2,1) min. The time between starting hysterectomy and umbilical incision closure was 120 (±24) min in the laparoscopic suture group and 88 (±16) min in the vaginal suture group. The mean uterus weight was 188 (±95) g. In conclusion, this different technique is feasible and low cost, especially in non-obese patients. But further studies with large participants are needed to elucidate the safety. Impact statement Conventional CO2 pneumoperitoneum has many adverse effects on cardiopulmonary function, haemodynamic, metabolic and neurologic systems due to high-intraperitoneal pressure. The usage of gasless technique eliminates these adverse effects and postoperative shoulder pain. The satisfaction of patients is higher in laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) hysterectomy due to improved cosmesis and reduced postoperative analgesic requirements. In the literature, there are a few studies showing techniques combining LESS and gasless laparoscopy for hysterectomy. In this study, a different approach for creating operational space in gasless laparoscopy is described. Creation of intraabdominal operational space is convenient and takes a short time in this technique. The average time between an umbilical incision and starting a hysterectomy is five minutes. Additional training is not needed for experienced surgeons in LESS. Also, cost-effectiveness is one of important advantages. It is quite safe, no possibility of vascular injury, including inferior epigastric or superficial epigastric vessels. Also suturing the vaginal cuff and knot tying is easier in this technique. This technique can be used safely in patients with poor cardiopulmonary reserve. Also, by means of its cost effectiveness, it can be preferred in developing countries. As a result, it may be a good alternative to conventional LESS hysterectomy.
Web Search Engine Evaluation Using Clickthrough Data and a User Model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Traditional search engine evaluation relies on a list of query document pairs along with a score reflecting the document relevance to the query. The score is generally a human assessment, but nothing is said explicitly about the actual user behavior. In this paper we illustrate with a toy model that once the user behavior is agreed upon, the human assessment can be eliminated and the engine performance can be evaluated based on the clickthrough data of past users. 1.
INTERGOVERNMENTAL ROLES IN LOCAL ENERGY CONSERVATION: A RESEARCH FRONTIER

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines a frontier research area: local energy conservation and intergovernmental relations. The vast potential for financial and energy savings by local governments through energy conservation is contrasted to a significant lack of meaningful programs by reviewing current local programs through examination of research efforts, intergovernmental trends in assistance and the legal foundation for local energy roles. Several items for the energy conservation research agenda are offered, especially a call for more research on the relationship between rising energy prices and development of energy programs. Other research foci are the impacts of intergovernmental technical assistance, organizational structures for incorporating energy conservation concerns into local government, state‐local program coordination, citizen demand for conservation programs and the information dissemination networks in energy policy.
Ultraviolet and Visible Light‐Responsive RNA Photofluids

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Incorporating artificial molecular machines into soft matter offers a compelling strategy for engineering active materials with life‐like behavior. Here, we report ultraviolet and visible light‐responsive RNA photofluids formed via liquid‐liquid phase separation of azobenzene‐functionalized RNA nanomachines. These RNA photofluids can harness the molecular motions of RNA nanomachines to produce macroscopic cell‐like behaviors under both ultraviolet and visible light irradiation. We show that the number of azobenzene moieties in the RNA nanomachines controls the deformation kinetics and critical transition temperatures between structural deformation and dissociation. The ultraviolet–visible RNA photofluids not only enable direct solar energy harvesting for light‐powered soft robotics, but also expand the toolkit for developing advanced multi‐responsive biomaterials and programmable artificial cells.
Feature selection for classification based on gene expression profile

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In order to achieve feature genes for classification, a method of feature selection based on gene expression profile was proposed according to the characters of gene expression data. In this method, an improved FDR was regarded as marking criterion of classification feature to remove the genes which are irrelevant to classification. A new distance composed of space distance and function distance was proposed as the criterion of comparability to remove redundant genes. Support vector machines as classifier test the classification performance of the feature genes. The experimental results showed that the method was effective on removing the genes which were irrelevant to the classification and redundant. The method selected least feature genes which can classify sample data accurately.
“Quo vadis cardiovascular informatics?”

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Approximately 1.5 million heart attacks are suffered annually by Americans, and about half of them prove fatal, despite a host of new public health initiatives targeting heart disease and its aggravating factors such as obesity. The case of Former US President Bill Clinton, who underwent quadruple bypass surgery, demonstrates that even a former president with access to the best medical care available can have undiagnosed heart disease. Clinton himself blamed ldquoinsufficient vigilancerdquo and stressed the importance of repeated testing as a means of heart disease prevention. Considering the large amounts of data that a comprehensive vascular health screening will produce, there is an urgent need for biomedical image analysis tools (segmentation, shape and motion estimation) to assist in screening for the conditions that underlie sudden cardiac events. In this talk, we present biomedical image analysis tools for the mining of information from cardiovascular imaging for the detection of persons with a high likelihood of developing a heart attack in the near future (vulnerable patients).
Metal−Metal Bonding in Mixed Valence Ni25+ Complexes and Spectroscopic Evidence for a Ni26+ Species

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Dinickel(II) complexes of the ligands N,N'-di-p-anisylformamidinate (DAniF) and N,N',N''-triphenylguanidinate (TPG) have been synthesized and crystallographically characterized, along with their one-electron-oxidized analogues. In both systems, the Ni-Ni distances become shorter by approximately 0.1 A upon oxidation, in accord with the proposal that the resulting Ni2(5+) complexes are appropriately described as having one electron removed from a metal-based sigma orbital and an overall Ni-Ni bond order of 1/2. Although conventional DFT calculations on the model compounds Ni2(HNCHNH)4 and [Ni2(HNCHNH)4]+ appear to predict that the lowest energy state of the latter species would have one unpaired electron in an essentially ligand-based orbital. A single-point calculation of Ni2(DAniF)4 employing the geometry of its crystal structure with the full ligand included reveals a reversal of the previously predicted order of the HOMO and HOMO-1, and suggests that the unpaired electron in [Ni2(DAniF)4]+ is in a metal-based orbital of sigma symmetry. This is verified by the axial EPR spectrum of the compound in solution. The compound Ni2(DAniF)4 shows an unexpectedly rich cyclic voltammogram with four stepwise reversible oxidation waves. Coulometric experiments show that the doubly oxidized species has a significant lifetime at -25 degrees C, and by spectroelectrochemistry, its UV-vis spectrum was recorded. We propose that this species contains a Ni2(6+) core with a single Ni-Ni sigma bond.
Dietary Fats and Platelet Function in French and Scottish Farmers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although the intake of saturated facts still appears to be the environmental factor most closely assosiated with coronary heart disease (CHD), this does not necessarily mean that CHD is caused essentially or solely by blood lipids, as suggested by several investigators. It seems that blood platelets rather than (or at least in addition to) blood lipids might be the intermediate link between certain environmental factors (saturated fats, hard water) and CHD, through an effect on both thrombosis and atherosclerosis. Our recent studies in French and Scottish farmers, have shown that blood platelet function is more drastically affected by saturated fats than blood lipids. In those studies, platelet function was the only blood parameter correlated on an individual basis with the intake of saturated fat and inversely related to calcium intake. Calcium is probably the cation responsible for the protective effect of hard water against CHD in various countries. The results obtained also indicate that platelet function can be improved by increasing the intake of polyunsaturated fats at the expense of saturated fats. Finally, only platelet function was different from one region of France to another and from one region of Scotland to another; this difference could be related to the reported incidence of CHD in these various regions.
Progress and perspectives of resource use in intercropping system in agro-pastoral ecotone

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Soil erosion and low use efficiency of natural resources in the agro-pastoral ecotone in northern China have become severe problems especially under climate change, which threatens local food security. Concerning the problems existing in rain-fed agriculture in the agro-pastoral ecotone in northern China, we discussed how intercropping improves vegetation cover and roughness to reduce soil wind erosion and nutrient leaching; to accelerate the decomposition of organic matter to improve soil fertility; and to increase resource use efficiencies and yields by temporal and spatial distribution of canopy and root structure and the interaction of different crop combinations. The limiting factors of the intercropping on crop productivity and the mechanisms of inter specific interactions were analyzed. Future researches should focus on the effect of climate change on potential yield and soil fertility of intercropping systems. The combination of field experiments and crop models, i.e. process-based crop simulation models and functional-structural plant models, would be helpful to explore the mechanism of efficient resource use at organ level and to illuminate how intercropping could mitigate climate risk at regional level.