jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ablation Zone Involution of Liver Tumors Is Faster in Patients Treated with Irreversible Electroporation Than Microwave Ablation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Objectives: To compare ablation zone involution following microwave ablation (MWA) or irreversible electroporation (IRE) of liver tumors. Materials and Methods: MWA or IRE performed for colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM) or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) during January 2011 to December 2015 were analyzed. Patients with a tumoral response on 1-year follow-up computed tomography (CT) were included. Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate the differences between the two modalities on ablation zone involution observed on CT at 6 (M6) and 12 months (M12), and on laboratory values (total bilirubin, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, and platelets count). The likelihood ratio test was used to assess whether the association between ablation modalities and these outcomes differed over time. Results: Seventeen (17/44, 39%) women and 27 (27/44, 61%) men were included, with 25 HCC (25/44, 57%) and 19 CRLM (19/44, 43%) patients. IRE was used in 9 (9/19, 47%) CRLM and 5 (5/25, 20%) HCC patients, respectively. All other patients had MWA. Ablation zone size and involution between IRE and MWA differed significantly over time (interaction p < 0.01), with a mean of 241.04 vs. 771.08 mm2 (ratio 0.313; 95% CI, 0.165–0.592; p < 0.01) at M6 and 60.47 vs. 589.43 mm2 (ratio 0.103; 95% CI, 0.029–0.365; p < 0.01) at M12. Changes in liver enzymes did not differ significantly between IRE and MWA at both timepoints. Conclusions: Liver tumors treated with IRE underwent faster involution when compared to tumors treated with MWA, but liver enzymes levels were comparable.
Optimization of Optical Tweezers

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Recently our group demonstrated the ability to trap bacteria using optical tweezers, but low laser power limited trapping ability. I will report on improvements made to both laser power and beam quality, which lead to improved trapping ability. Initial results were seen to increase laser intensity at the sample, but the beam quality was severely degraded. The solution to this problem was to better shape the laser beam using an anamorphic prism pair. This process was repeated for a higher power laser diode. We were able to maintain a high quality beam while more than doubling laser power at the sample. This was evidenced by a larger fraction of light passing through the spatial filter and by higher translational speeds than previously observed. Introduction Knecht 2 In the 1960's, Arthur Ashkin showed the initial viability of an optical trap, an instrument used to study and manipulate J.tm sized particles down to atoms. A wide range of applications were then developed for this new instrument including the study of kinesin motors, RNA polymerase, nucleic acid folding , cooling of atoms to the J.tK range, and a host of other uses. The physics department at Southern Adventist University began building one of these so-called optical tweezers setups in 2000. Initial set-up work as well as beam profiling was completed by Kim in the winter of 2001 . While much of the power was retained through the entire system, the laser power was too weak to trap. Allen then replaced the laser, worked on the current pinhole system, and achieved tenuous trapping6. Most recently, Liu trapped beads as well as two different types of bacteria, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Micrococcus luteus, in both tryptic soy broth (TSB) and a phosphate buffer saline (PBS)7. With this trapping, initial proof of concept work was complete. Liu also developed methods for beam alignment and determined
An “Epistolary Reformation”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Letter exchange occupies a significant and growing role in the activities of the Protestant Reformers. This chapter offers explanations for its growing significance in the evolution of the Protestant Reformation. It analyses what over a century of investment in editing the correspondence of the magisterial Reformers has achieved. It offers a yearly profile of the surviving editorial correspondence. At the same time, it underlines the limitations of our concentration on the letters of magisterial Reformers by examining the role of letter exchange in the political evolution of the Protestant Reformation in the sixteenth century, and especially in the context of the coalitions at a distance that sustained it. It ends by evoking martyr letters, as found in the martyrologies of John Foxe and Jean Crespin, but also in a devotional context in Hutterite and Anabaptist dissenting traditions.
Out-of-distribution evaluations of channel agnostic masked autoencoders in fluorescence microscopy

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Developing computer vision for high-content screening is challenging due to various sources of distribution-shift caused by changes in experimental conditions, perturbagens, and fluorescent markers. The impact of different sources of distribution-shift are confounded in typical evaluations of models based on transfer learning, which limits interpretations of how changes to model design and training affect generalisation. We propose an evaluation scheme that isolates sources of distribution-shift using the JUMP-CP dataset, allowing researchers to evaluate generalisation with respect to specific sources of distribution-shift. We then present a channel-agnostic masked autoencoder $\mathbf{Campfire}$ which, via a shared decoder for all channels, scales effectively to datasets containing many different fluorescent markers, and show that it generalises to out-of-distribution experimental batches, perturbagens, and fluorescent markers, and also demonstrates successful transfer learning from one cell type to another.
Evaluation of thiol broth for the culture ofSalmonella typhiand other bacteria from blood

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Thiol broth is known to neutralize various antimicrobial agents. Positivity of growth of various species of bacteria from blood in thiol broth was reported as similar to that in tryptic soy broth (TSB). As blood cultures are often used for the diagnosis of typhoid fever, and as patients may receive antimicrobial therapy before blood culture, the positivity and rapidity of growth of Salmonella typhi in thiol broth were compared to those in TSB. Routine blood culture samples from Yonsei Medical Center patients were inoculated in 50-ml amounts of TSB and thiol broth. The media were prepared from dehydrated products and did not contain CO2, but TSB contained 0.025% sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS). Growth of S. paratyphi-A, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter sp., Serratia marcescens and alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus were similar in both media. However, greater positivity and shorter incubation time for macroscopic detection were noted in TSB with S. typhi, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. It is concluded that thiol broth is inferior to TSB plus SPS for the culture of S. typhi from blood.
<title>Digitization and metric conversion for image quality test targets: Part II</title>

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A common need of the INCITS W1.1 Macro Uniformity, Color Rendition and Micro Uniformity ad hoc efforts is to digitize image quality test targets and derive parameters that correlate with image quality assessments. The digitized data should be in a colorimetric color space such as CIELAB and the process of digitizing will introduce no spatial artifacts that reduce the accuracy of image quality parameters. Input digitizers come in many forms including inexpensive scanners used in the home, a range of sophisticated scanners used for graphic arts and scanners used for scientific and industrial measurements (e.g., microdensitometers). Some of these are capable of digitizing hard copy output for image quality objective metrices, and this report focuses on assessment of high quality flatbed scanners for that role. Digitization using flatbed scanners is attractive because they are relatively inexpensive, easy to use, and most are available with document feeders permitting analysis of a stack of documents with little user interaction. Other authors have addressed using scanners for image quality measurements. This paper focuses (1) on color transformations from RGB to CIELAB and (2) sampling issues and demonstrates that flatbed scanners can have a high level of accuracy for generating accurate, stable images in the CIELAB metric. Previous discussion and experimental results focusing on color conversions had been presented at PICS 2003. This paper reviews the past discussion with some refinement based on recent experiments and extends the analysis into color accuracy verification and sampling issues.
Study on the impact of Xinsheng capsule on the immune function of mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To study the impact of Xinsheng capsule on immune function of mice. Methods Determination of immunological indices after Xinsheng capsule was orally given to mice at the doses of 200, 400 and 800mg/kg for a consecutive period of 30 to 45 days,were determined. Results Xinsheng capsule could enhance delayed hypersensitivity in mice, increase the number of antibody-producing cells, the level of serum hemolysin and the activity of NK cells. Conclusion Xinsheng capsule is capable of enhancement of the immune function of mice.
A Novel Method for Adult Height Prediction in Children With Idiopathic Short Stature Derived From a German-Dutch Cohort

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Context Prediction of adult height (AH) is important in clinical management of short children. The conventional methods of Bayley-Pinneau (BP) or Roche-Wainer-Thissen (RWT) have limitations. Objective We aimed to develop a set of algorithms for AH prediction in patients with idiopathic short stature (ISS) which are specific for combinations of predicting variables. Methods Demographic and auxologic data were collected in childhood (1980s) and at AH (1990s). Data were collected by Dutch and German referral centers for pediatric endocrinology. A total of 292 subjects with ISS (219 male, 73 female) were enrolled. The population was randomly split into modeling (n = 235) and validation (n = 57) cohorts. Linear multi-regression analysis was performed with predicted AH (PAH) as response variable and combinations of chronological age (CA), baseline height, parental heights, relative bone age (BA/CA), birth weight, and sex as exploratory variables. Results Ten models including different exploratory variables were selected with adjusted R² ranging from 0.84 to 0.78 and prediction errors from 3.16 to 3.68 cm. Applied to the validation cohort, mean residuals (PAH minus observed AH) ranged from −0.29 to −0.82 cm, while the conventional methods showed some overprediction (BP: +0.53 cm; RWT: +1.33 cm; projected AH: +3.81 cm). There was no significant trend of residuals with PAH or any exploratory variables, in contrast to BP and projected AH. Conclusion This set of 10 multi-regression algorithms, developed specifically for children with ISS, provides a flexible tool for AH prediction with better accuracy than the conventional methods.
Pengaruh Rasio Profitabilitas Dan Likuiditas Terhadap Financial Distress Pada Perusahaan Otomotif Tahun 2019-2022

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Automotive companies are a very important sector for investment and have a significant role in national economic growth. However, an unstable situation such as the Russia-Ukraine war has the potential to hamper economic recovery, both in Indonesia and the world, from the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. This research was conducted to find out whether profitability and liquidity ratios have an effect on predicting financial distress in automotive companies listed on the IDX in 2019-2022 using the multiple linear regression analysis method. The results of this study are that the profitability ratios have an effect on financial distress while the liquidity ratio has no effect on financial distress. But the ratio of profitability and liquidity together affect financial distress.
Dopamine and Parkinson’s Disease Neuropsychiatry

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract This chapter finds Parkinson’s disease (PD) to be the main cause of excessive secretion of pigmented dopamine in brain cells, which results in degenerating agentic functions and neuropsychiatric disorders. A patient suffering from PD fails to perform basic agentic functions properly due to the side effects of dopamine secretion, and to degenerating memory and neuropsychiatric disorders. Dopamine is mainly produced in three leading nuclei of the midbrain: The retrorubral area, the substantia nigra pars, and the ventral tegmental area. Many significant motor, motivational, and cognitive components are affected by excessive dopamine secretions from these three major midbrain nuclei, giving rise to neurodegenerative disorders.
Cellulose Biosynthesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cellulose biosynthesis is a complex, sensitive, and not fully characterized process that occurs in organisms ranging from plants to bacteria to animals. Two fundamental approaches have been used to investigate cellulose biosynthesis; one structural and the other biochemical. The terminal complex hypothesis proposes that the cellulose synthesizing enzyme complex can be visualized with electron microscopy. Terminal complex is the name given to collections of plasma membrane particles thought to represent the cellulose synthase. While direct evidence is still not available to support this hypothesis, the amount of indirect supporting evidence has grown dramatically in the past few years. The relationship between terminal complexes, cellulose physical structure and the biochemical events of cellulose biosynthesis will be discussed.
Two-dimensional probabilistic cell automaton model for broadband slow earthquakes

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Slow tectonic events, such as deep tectonic tremor, low-frequency earthquakes, very low frequency earthquakes, and slow slip events, are regarded as “broadband slow earthquakes”. Various observational properties of these events have previously been explained using a one-dimensional (1D) stochastic model that mimics Brownian motion in the time domain. Here we present a simple two-dimensional (2D) slow earthquake model using a probabilistic cell automaton (PCA), where each cell possesses one of two states (slip or hold) at a given time step. The status of each cell is updated as a Markov process dependent on its own status and that of neighboring cells. The seismic moment rate of the event in the 2D PCA model is assumed to be proportional to the number of slipping cells, which is approximated using a stochastic differential equation equivalent to the previous 1D Brownian model approach. This 2D PCA model is, therefore, able to explain the various observational properties of slow earthquakes. Moreover, it includes an additional degree of freedom to separate the effects of loading and dissipation, which enables us to explain the variations in episodic slow slip activity. The size of the slow earthquake is limited by either the system size or the characteristic size, which is controlled by the degree of dissipation. Such a simple representation of slow earthquakes is useful for characterizing the broad spectrum of slow earthquake behavior in different environments.
A Positron Emission Tomographic Study of Auditory Localization in the Congenitally Blind

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We have used positron emission tomography (PET) to measure regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in sighted and congenitally blind subjects performing auditory localization tasks. During scanning, the spectral and binaural cues of localized sound were reproduced by a sound system and delivered via headphones. During tasks that required auditory localization both the sighted and blind subjects strongly activated posterior parietal areas. In addition, the blind subjects activated association areas in the right occipital cortex, the foci of which were similar to areas previously identified in visual location and motion detection experiments in sighted subjects. The blind subjects, therefore, demonstrated visual to auditory cross-modal plasticity with auditory localization activating occipital association areas originally intended for dorsal-stream visual processing. To determine the functional connectivity of pre-selected brain regions in primary and non-primary auditory and posterior parietal cortex in the two cohorts, we performed an inter-regional correlation analysis on the rCBF data set. During auditory localization in the blind subjects, rCBF activity in the right posterior parietal cortex was positively correlated with that in the right occipital region, whereas in sighted subjects correlations were generally negative. There were no significant positive occipital correlations in either cohort when reference regions in temporal or left parietal cortex were chosen. This indicates that in congenitally blind subjects the right occipital cortex participates in a functional network for auditory localization and that occipital activity is more likely to arise from connections with posterior parietal cortex.
Visceral Obesity in Men: Associations With Glucose Tolerance, Plasma Insulin, and Lipoprotein Levels

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The relations of regional adipose tissue (AT) distribution measured by computed tomography (CT) to plasma insulin-glucose homeostasis and lipoprotein-lipid levels were studied in 58 obese and 29 lean control men. In the group of obese men, the visceral AT area measured by CT was positively correlated with fasting plasma triglyceride and insulin levels and with glucose and insulin areas under the curves measured during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Visceral AT area was also negatively associated with plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and HDL2 cholesterol levels. The relative accumulation of abdominal fat, estimated by the ratio of abdominal to femoral AT areas obtained by CT, was also a significant correlate of indices of carbohydrate metabolism and was the best univariate correlate of plasma lipoprotein levels. No significant associations were observed between the visceral AT area, the ratio of abdominal to femoral AT areas, and indices of carbohydrate and lipoprotein metabolism in the group of lean men. On the other hand, the subcutaneous abdominal AT area was a significant correlate of the glucose area under the curve in both groups of men, but this association was not independent from the percentage of total body fat. No relationship was observed between the femoral AT area and indices of carbohydrate metabolism in either lean or obese groups. In obese men, however, the femoral AT area was negatively correlated with plasma triglyceride concentration and positively correlated with plasma HDL and HDL2 cholesterol levels. Comparison between two subgroups of equally obese men showing either low or high levels of visceral AT and a group of lean men generally revealed that only obese men with high levels of visceral AT showed significant metabolic alterations compared with lean men. These results demonstrate that the amount of visceral AT and the ratio of abdominal to femoral AT measured by CT are important correlates of the alterations in carbohydrate and lipoprotein metabolism observed in obese men. In addition, our results suggest that obesity is required to observe significant associations between body fat distribution measured by CT and metabolic variables. Finally, we suggest that, in men, a high accumulation of femoral fat may be protective against the adverse effects of obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, on plasma lipoprotein levels.
Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli Causing Ventilator Associated Pneumonia: Study of MASTDISCS Combi Carba Plus for Detection of Carbapenemase Producing Enterobacterales

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Eman E Hegazy,1 Marwa Gamal Bahey,1 Alaa Mohammed Abo Hagar,2 Amira Abdelgalil Elkholy,3 Esraa A Mohamed1 1Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; 2Department of Anesthesiology, Surgical Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; 3Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, EgyptCorrespondence: Eman E Hegazy, Tel +20 10 99008274, Email dr_emanhegazy2010@yahoo.comBackground: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria has been proven to be an escalating public health challenge in Egypt owing to its high mortality rate and raised health care costs.Purpose: Detection of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli among VAP patients, genotypic identification of carbapenemase genes in the isolated strains with evaluation of their impact on patient outcome and detection of carbapenemase-producing enterobacterales by MASTDISCS combi Carba plus disc system.Methods: Broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and endotracheal aspirate were collected aseptically from clinically suspected VAP patients. Pathogen identification and antibiotic sensitivity testing were done. Carbapenemase-encoding genes (blaKPC, blaNDM, and blaOXA-48) were tested by PCR in all carbapenem-resistant gram-negative isolates. Performance of MASTDISCS combi Carba plus in isolated Enterobacterales was assessed in relation to the PCR results.Results: Eighty-three carbapenem-resistant gram-negative isolates were detected. The most frequent pathogens were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa representing 34.9%, 20.5% and 18.1%, respectively. blaKPC was the predominant gene. Patients with persistent mechanical ventilation less than 15 days and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection were significantly associated with a higher death rate. MAST-Carba plus had the highest sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for detecting OXA-48 carbapenemases representing 81.8%, 92.5%, 75% and 94.9%, respectively.Conclusion: Worse outcome in VAP patients was associated with carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli. MASTDISCS combi Carba plus is an efficient simple method for identification of different carbapenemases among enterobacterales.Keywords: Mast DISCS, carbapenemase, enterobacterales, ventilator-associated pneumonia, VAP