jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An Opinion on the Supplementation of Folic Acid 1 mg + Iron (Ferrous Sulfate) 90 mg in the Prevention and Treatment of Anemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Anemia, characterized by a reduction in hemoglobin concentration, is a widespread health concern globally, impacting individuals across various demographics. Iron deficiency, often compounded by inadequate folic acid levels, is a primary driver. This review aims to consolidate current evidence and offer a practical recommendation regarding the role of folic acid 1 mg + iron (ferrous sulfate) 90 mg supplementation in both preventing and treating anemia. Objective: We aimed to provide a comprehensive review and recommendation regarding the use of folic acid 1 mg + iron (ferrous sulfate) 90 mg supplementation in the prevention and treatment of anemia in adults, based on current evidence and clinical experience. Methods: A thorough literature review was conducted, encompassing studies, guidelines, and meta-analyses related to iron deficiency, anemia, and folic acid supplementation. This review incorporated data from sources such as the World Health Organization (WHO), the European Hematology Association (EHA), and Cochrane Database. Clinical experience of the authors was also taken into account. Results: Anemia, a prevalent hematological condition, affects a significant portion of the global population. The risk factors for iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia include age, menstruation, pregnancy, dietary restrictions, chronic diseases, and inflammatory conditions. Accurate diagnosis of anemia involves reticulocyte count, morphological classification, and identification of the underlying etiology. Oral iron salts, particularly ferrous sulfate, are the first-line treatment for uncomplicated iron deficiency anemia, with lower doses or alternate-day dosing improving tolerability. Adequate folic acid availability is crucial for erythropoiesis, and supplementation is safe and enhances treatment response, especially in mixed deficiency anemia. A fixed-dose combination of folic acid 1 mg + iron (ferrous sulfate) 90 mg is effective and well-tolerated for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia, mixed nutritional anemia, and iron deficiency without anemia in adults. Conclusions: Based on extensive scientific evidence and clinical experience, the combination of folic acid 1 mg + iron (ferrous sulfate) 90 mg is a valuable therapeutic option for the prevention and treatment of anemia. This combination should be indicated for iron and folic acid deficiency during pregnancy, lactation, and the postpartum period and for the prophylaxis and treatment of anemia during pregnancy and in adults in general. This approach enables correction of folate deficiencies, optimizing treatment response and ensuring sufficient folic acid levels, particularly in cases of incomplete adherence or missed doses, and is critical during pregnancy to minimize the risk of neural tube defects.
The research on L.acidophilus bacteria powder processing technology

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Objective:The use of spray-drying technology to produce Lactobacillus powder can increase the survival rate of bacteria and reduce other bacteria.Methods: Preparation of spray-drying of L.actobacillus acidophilus powder.Results: The highest optimum temperature of L.acidophilus after high-temperature taming was 45 ℃.Through orthogonal experiment L9(34),L.acidophilus optimized spray drying conditions are as follows: Inlet temperature 160 ℃,the concentration of 3% of congee,flow rate 50(1.875 L/h).Conclusion: The use of spray-drying the powder obtained in larger yield,and has great flexibility,drying rate can be adjusted at any time,spray drying operation is continuous,it can significantly shorten the drying time,after high temperature domestication,lactic acid bacteria can be maintained a great activity,and did not infected with bacteria.
Environment Deterioration Characteristics of Polypropylene / Glass Fiber Composites under Moisture Absorption Environment

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this study, a mixture of polypropylene fibers and glass fibers were used to weave polypropylene/glass fiber-reinforced composite panels with characteristics such as highly elongated short fibers, high ductility, anti-fouling, and hydrophobicity as a result of a directional property. Mechanical and environmental tests were carried out with specimens fabricated with this composite panel, and its applicability to shipbuilding and ocean leisure industries was evaluated through a comparison with existing glass fiber-reinforced composite materials. The results of this experiment verified the excellence of the polypropylene/glass-mixed woven fiber-reinforced composite material compared to the existing glass fiber-reinforced composite material. However, the forming process needs to be changed to improve the weak interfacial bonding, and the properties of the composite material itself could be improved through mixed weaving with other fibers after development. Maximizing of the advantages of the polypropylene fibers and overcoming their shortcomings will improve their applicability to the shipbuilding, ocean leisure, and other industries, and increase the value of polypropylene fibers in the composite material market.
An evaluation of delayed hypersensitivity in guinea pigs to various trichophytin preparations

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Guinea pigs immunized with mycelium from Trichophyton mentagrophytes in Freund's complete adjuvant were tested intradermally with the following trichophytin preparations: TrI extracted by ethylene glycol, TrII extracted by phenol and TrII, a commercially obtained preparation fromS√§chsisches Serumverk KG. In our experience, TrI was found to be superior to the other preparations. It showed signifiicant delayed skin reactions in all sensitized animals and none in the controls. Lymphocyte stimulation test with this preparation (TrI) gave positive results.
Examining the Trade-Off between Settlement Delay and Intraday Liquidity in Canada's LVTS: A Simulation Approach

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The author explores a fundamental trade-off that occurs between settlement delay and intraday liquidity in the daily operation of large-value payment systems (LVPS), with specific application to Canada's Large Value Transfer System (LVTS). To reduce settlement delay, participants generally must maintain greater intraday liquidity in the system. Intraday liquidity and settlement delay can be costly for LVPS participants, and improvements in the trade-off are desirable. The replacement of standard queuing arrangements with a complex queue-release algorithm represents one such improvement. These algorithms are expected to lower intraday liquidity needs and speed up payments processing in an LVPS. Simulation analysis is used to empirically test this proposition for the case of Canada's LVTS. The analysis is conducted using a payment system simulator developed by the Bank of Finland, called the BoF-PSS2. The author shows that increased use of the LVTS central queue (which contains a complex queue-release algorithm) reduces settlement delay associated with each level of intraday liquidity considered, relative to a standard queuing arrangement. Some important issues emerge from these results.
Efficacy of bactericides and antibacterial chemicals against bacterial blight of pomegranate

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Bacterial blight of pomegranate caused by Xanthomonas axonopodispv punicae has become a severa disease in Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. Among the different strategies available for the management of the disease, use of chemicals tends to be more assured. Hence, an attempt was made to evaluate the available bactericides and antibacterial chemicals for their efficacy against the disease. The study included both in vitro and in vivo methods. Laboratory assay revealed the superior efficacy of bactinash-200 with an inhibition zone of 15.07 mm followed by bronip (14.67 mm) and plantomycin (13.77 mm) in suppressing the growth of the pathogenic bacterium. Further, field evaluation over the seasons showed that, bronip (0.05%) was significantly effective in recording the minimum disease incidence (17.18%) followed by bactinash-200 (23.26%) and bactrinashak (24.30%) at the similar concentration. In respect of reducing the disease severity, bactinash-200 (7.33 PDI) followed by bronip (7.87 PDI) were found significantly effective after 5 th application of treatments. The efficacy of all the antibacterial chemicals was significantly low with Bordeaux (1%) mixture as least effective antibacterial chemical (61.38% incidence and 30.90 PDI). Correspondily highest yield of 10.20 tons/ha was obtained in bronip treated plot followed by at par yield level (9.28 tons/ha) in bactrinashak treated plot. Maximum disease incidence (68.57%) and severity (42.93 PDI) was recorded in untreated check plot.
Asylum seekers have low rates of vaccination and screening

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A report on the health needs of asylum seekers warns of low rates of vaccination and screening for cervical cancer, poor dental health, high rates of gastrointestinal disorders, and extensive use of drugs for central nervous system disorders.

The report, based on a sample of 397 newly arrived asylum seekers in Sunderland and North Tyneside from 39 different countries, also found that almost 40% of them had seen a doctor and 8% had received hospital treatment since arriving in the United Kingdom.

“Two hundred and sixteen (55%) reported symptoms about which they felt it necessary to consult a doctor and 69% reported needing to consult a dentist,” says the report .

On vaccination rates the report says, “An issue of public health concern is the overall low rate of immunisation within the asylum seeker population.

“The overall rates for common communicable diseases, in particular for mumps, measles and rubella, were low. Even for BCG the mean rate of the entire sample was below that required to provide adequate population immunity.”
Personal Performance Plan: Application of Mental Skills Training to Real-World Military Tasks

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Recently, several authors have discussed the potential benefits of interdisciplinary cooperation between the military and the field of performance psychology. The purpose of this article is to build upon their suggestions by presenting a phased approach to mental skills training grounded in performance, learning, and military literature that can be applied to a wide variety of military tasks. After discussing the basis for the model's content, structure, and training approach, details of the mental training protocol are provided, a case example involving Army Infantry Soldiers is presented, and directions for future research and lessons learned are offered.
Efficient synthesis of networks on chip

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose an efficient heuristic for the constraint-driven communication synthesis (CDCS) of on-chip communication networks. The complexity of the synthesis problems comes from the number of constraints that have to be considered. We propose to cluster constraints to reduce the number that needs to be considered by the optimization algorithm. Then a quadratic programming approach is used to solve the communication synthesis problem with the clustered constraints. We provide an analytical model that justifies our choice of the clustering cost function and we discuss a set of experiments showing the effectiveness of the overall approach with respect to the exact algorithm.
[Relapse of pulmonary tuberculosis in the context of tuberculosis-HIV co-infection in Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire). Short note].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A cohort study was carried out from October 2001 to March 2002, in order to analyze the main characteristics of 53 adults patients (38 HIV-positive and 15 HIV-negative), who had a relapse of pulmonary tuberculosis. The observance in the first period of the treatment of tuberculosis was regular in 79% of tuberculous patients infected by the HIV (30/38) and in 87% of tuberculous patients who where HIV-negative (13/15) (p = 0.7). The relapse occurred before one year after recovery in 74% among the HIV-positive (28/38) and in 33% among the HIV-negative patients (5/15) (p = 0.00). Most of the HIV-positive patients (74%) had CD4 counts under 200/mm3 and 80% of the HIV-negative patients had more than 500 CD4 counts/mm3 (p = 0.00). After two months of retreatment following the relapse diagnosis, the rate of improvement in patients was about 16% in HIV infected (6/38) and about 67% in HIV-negative patients (10/15) (p = 0.00).
Empathy, Altruism and Normative Ethics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Empathy contributes to our knowledge of others, but empirical research on empathy also suggests that it tends to cause or motivate altruistic action. The empirical evidence suggests that when individuals empa- thetically take up the perspectives of others and feel others' emotions, they put the concerns and needs of those others ahead of their own. Such studies do not nullify the idea that empathy has epistemic functions, for it is entirely possible that certain types of empathy have epis- temic functions and motivate altruism. This chapter will examine this possibility and investigate the relationship between the epistemic functions of empathy and the consequences of empathy. My suggestion is that the empirical research is important for understanding the psychological and moral effects of perspective-taking empathy in clinical settings, but it does not tell us about when people actually empathize in real life situations, when they ought to empathize, or how empathy relates to our moral duties and obligations to others. Moreover, while empirical research reveals the likely effects of empathy, it also shows that people tend to empathize with those who are most similar to themselves. Empathy appears to be biased in favor of those with whom one is most similar.
Laboratory experiments of well testing for fracture-cave carbonate gas reservoirs

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

It is well known that the flowing of oil and gas in fracture and cave does not obey Darcy law, which makes it unable to interpret parameters correctly when doing well testing for those kinds of formation for having no flowing test used to correct corresponding flowing equations. Based on similarity criterion, a physical experimental method for gas flowing from cave to wellbore through fracture has been built up. The characteristics of fluid flowing in fracture and cave can be seen clearly according to log–log curves with the measured data, which was obtained from the experimental model test and dealt with Savitzky-Golay filtering method. In addition, a new mathematical model reflecting those transient-flow behaviors as well as its solution has been presented in this paper. Log–log curves obtained from our new model could reflect the characteristics of flowing in fracture and cave. The results showed that test experiments can reflect the influence of large-scaled cave and fracture on the flowing characteristics and the new model can be applied to explain parameters of fracture and cave for similar cases.
PREVALENCE OF F. gigantica AND PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN LIVER OF SIMEULUE BUFFALO

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of fasciolosis of Simeulue’s buffalo using macroscopic approach by observing pathological changes in the liver. The sample were obtained from slaughterhouse in Sinabang. A number of 60 livers were obtained on July to September 2015 based on post mortem examination. From this sample, a total of 57 livers were found positive indication of infested by F. gigantica (95%). The length and width of F. gigantica was 25 mm and 7 mm. The body was flat as a leaf, blunt on posterior, gray, brown, transparant and do not have a real shoulder shapes. The liver which were not infested with F. gigantica showed sharp edges and a very high degree of elasticity. On the other hand, in the infested liver was found F. gigantica in the bile duct and showed a color of pale, the dark brown exudate as well as objects looks like gravel. The buffaloes sample were supplied to the abattoir from the paddy fields or oil palm plantations area. In comparison, the buffaloes raised in both areas were not different on the pathological changes of liver. In conclusion, this study showed that simeulue’s buffalo is very prevalence to F. gigantica.
Performance Analysis for Natural Draught Cooling Tower & Chimney through Numerical Simulation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The flow field in the hyperbolic natural draft wet-cooling tower, which has great effects on the economy and security of power plant, was studied through numerical simulation.The mathematical model was established and analysed in order to optimize the cooling-tower and to evaluate its efficiency and a Numerical study on a channelchimney system was carried out in order to elucidate the behaviour of heat transfer and fluid flow.A 2D CFD model of natural draught Cooling tower and chimney like heat sink plate is developed the Euler multiphase model was used to simulate the heat and mass transfer in a natural draught cooling tower rain zone and the RNG turbulent model with the dispersed option is used for the turbulence modeling of multiphase flow.The results are presented in terms of local air temperature measurements inside the symmetrically heated channel and between the adiabatic extensions.
Association of Fetal Abdominal–Head Circumference Size Difference With Shoulder Dystocia: A Multicenter Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

circumference ► head circumference ► shoulder dystocia Abstract Objective This study aims to determine if shoulder dystocia is associated with a difference in the fetal abdominal (AC) to head circumference (HC) of 50 mm or more noted on antenatal ultrasound. Study Design A multicenter matched case–control study was performed comparing women who had shoulder dystocia to controls who did not. Women with vaginal births of live born nonanomalous singletons 36 weeks of gestation with an antenatal ultrasound within 4 weeks of delivery were included. Controls were matched for gestational age, route of delivery, and diabetes status. Results We identified 181 matched pairs. Only 5 % of the fetuses had an AC to HC of 50 mm. The proportion of AC to HC difference of 50 mm was significantly higher in shoulder dystocia cases (8%) than controls (1%, p 0.002). With multivariate regression, the three significant factors associatedwith shoulder dystocia were AC toHC 50 mm (odds
Provenance, Purity & Price Premiums:\nConsumer Valuations of Organic\n&\nPlace-of-Origin Food Labelling

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

China is now the world's largest food producer for many food categories, and has recently embarked\non a major conversion to organic agriculture. Australian farmers have described their industry\nas in crisis due to increasing competition from imports; they have called for strengthening of\ncountry of origin labelling on food. Priestley (2005) noted the absence of data on the premium Australian\nconsumers will pay, if any, for Australian food produce. Halpin (2004) has reported that the\ncurrent premiums on organic food are well beyond what Australian consumers are likely to be willing\nto pay, and that this will probably inhibit the growth of the industry in Australia. Vogl, Kilcher\n& Schmidt (2005) declare that consumers expect organic produce to be labelled with a regional\nidentity. The present study set out to establish the values consumers place on organic, on provenance,\nand on faux-organic claims (Type II eco-labels), and to determine the interactions between\nthese factors.\nAustralian consumers (N=221) were surveyed online. Organic was valued at an 8.12% premium,\nand Certified Organic was valued at a 15.63% premium. The provenance Australia was valued at a\n25.98% premium over China, and Tasmania was valued at a 31.59% premium over China. Both\nNatural and Eco added value, 2.48% and 2.84% respectively.\nCertified Organic attracted a lower premium when coupled with China (11.62%). This Organic x\nProvenance interaction was consistent with respondents declaring they lacked trust in Chinese labelling.\nInteraction effects for eight demographic variables, including age, education, and place of\nresidence, are reported. Gender and income do not have a significant influence on consumer values.\nThis study found that adjunctive labelling offers both Australian and Chinese producers the opportunity\nto add value to their produce. It found that Australian producers would be beneficiaries from\nimplementation of the Fair Dinkum Food Campaign's call for Country of Origin Labelling (CoOL),\nwhich is currently lacking on processed food. It establishes that organic is a path for both Australian\nand Chinese producers to add value. It suggests that China's push into organic production has the\npotential to lead the world to an organic future, and continuing on this path may give China the opportunity\nto redefine the standard for internationally traded food as Certified Organic.
A comparative study to assess the usage of electronic media and its impact on the traditional play, health and wellbeing with a view to provide an information booklet and need-based education to the school children in selected schools in the urban and rural areas - Coimbatore

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Twenty first century has witnessed a marked increase in the usage of electronic medias like
mobile phones, television, computer and videogames especially among the school children, thereby
reducing the exposure to traditional games and transmission of cultural values through the generations.
Statistical studies shows that Internet usage in India was 14 lakhs in 1998 and 243 million in 2013. India
is now the 3rd largest internet population; There is a controversy existing about the impact of these
medias on the development of children in every aspect among the researchers.
Objectives and method of the study:
A descriptive survey design using observation technique and questionnaires was used in this
study. The study was conducted in GRG Matriculation Higher Secondary School, Peelamedu and PSG
High School, Vedapatti. Simple Random sampling technique was used to identify the 100 samples, for
the usage of electronic media, from both the schools. The selected students were given questionnaires and
their BMI and vision were checked. Rating scales and opinionnaire were filled by the teachers and the
parents of the selected students.
Major Findings and conclusion of the Study:
The rural students 18(36 %) spent 3 hours or more in play activities everyday whereas 16(32%)
of the urban students spent only 2 hours in play activities. The popular traditional games played by the
urban and rural students were: Hide & seek (96%), Caroms (90%), Police and robber(90%)& Kho- kho
(88%) Mobile phones were chosen as the favourite electronic device by majority of the rural 25 (50%)
and the urban students 20 (40%). Among the 50 rural and 50 urban students chosen for the study, 46
(92%) of the rural and 44 (88%) of the urban students exhibited optimum performance. This study shows
that there is no association between the level of impact of electronic media usage among rural and urban
students with the demographic variables such as age, gender, family income, type of family, number of
siblings, ordinal position in the family, body mass index and vision.