jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Lifetime-oriented SVPWM for thermally-overloaded power devices in three-level inverters

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Boosting lifetime of power components in multilevel inverters is a major aim to enhance the total system reliability and performance. This paper presents a space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) strategy for lifetime prolongation of thermally-overloaded power devices in multilevel inverters. When a thermal overloading is detected in one of the power devices, the proposed algorithm is applied to relieve the overloaded device and therefore preventing dangerous circumstances such as open-or short-circuit faults. The proposed methodology relies on using the redundancy property between the switching states in multilevel inverters to continuously evaluate the junction temperature of the thermally-overloaded power devices for all the possible switching sequences, then it identifies the optimal relieving switching sequence. The proposed methodology is valid for both/either of the power switching devices and/or DC-link capacitors. The proposed strategy is simple, and does not require any additional hardware. Furthermore, it does not deteriorate the output power. Accordingly, lifetime and reliability of multilevel inverters have been enhanced considerably. The proposed methodology has been designed and validated by simulation and experimental prototyping of a three-level T-type inverter system to investigate its feasibility and effectiveness.
Hipparion tracks and horses' toes: the evolution of the equid single hoof

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The traditional story of the evolution of the horse (family Equidae) has been in large part about the evolution of their feet. How did modern horses come to have a single toe (digit III), with the hoof bearing a characteristic V-shaped keratinous frog on the sole, and what happened to the other digits? While it has long been known that the proximal portions of digits II and IV are retained as the splint bones, a recent hypothesis suggested that the distal portion of these digits have also been retained as part of the frog, drawing upon the famous Laetoli footprints of the tridactyl (three-toed) equid Hipparion as part of the evidence. We show here that, while there is good anatomical and embryological evidence for the proximal portions of all the accessory digits (i.e. I and V, as well as II and IV) being retained in the feet of modern horses, evidence is lacking for the retention of any distal portions of these digits. There is also good ichnological evidence that many tridactyl equids possessed a frog, and that the frog has been part of the equid foot for much of equid evolutionary history.
A Study on Fly Ash Concrete Subjected to Aggressive Environment

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

External environment plays a major role in affecting the performance of concrete structures. Pozzolanic materials, such as fly ash, up to 50% replacement of cement, provide excellent durability properties. This paper presents the study of durability characteristics of Indian fly ash mixes with locally available ingredients. Durability study was conducted by subjecting cubes 150 × 150 × 150 mm to 1% sulphuric acid, 1% hydrochloric acid and seawater curing. The results of the investigations show that on exposure to sulphuric acid, loss of compressive strength is severe, when compared to hydrochloric acid and seawater curing. Low volume fly ash concrete, up to 30% replacement by fly ash, showed better resistance to aggressive exposure, when compared to high volume fly ash concrete.
‘Not Simple, Not Pure’: Revisioning of Mythical Wicked Women in the Stories of Sara Maitland

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The British novelist, feminist and religious thinker Sara Maitland (b.1950) is renowned for her short stories, many of which involve the rewriting of fairy tale and classical and biblical myth. This article situates Maitland's retellings within the contemporary feminist tradition of literary revisioning, but emphasises that her retelling of old tales is distinguished by a deep—and often discomforting—engagement with questions of morality. This is rooted in Maitland's political commitment and Christian faith, and is particularly evident in her treatment of mythical female evil. Her short stories take a morally ambiguous approach, paying attention to the moral and psychological complexities of the wicked stepmothers in fairy tale, gorgons and child-killers of classical myth, and temptresses of the Hebrew Bible. Maitland's feminist revisioning of mythical wicked women does not flinch from their darkness, or impose simple ethical lessons, but at the same time she is (sometimes horribly) aware of their moral significance. This article examines the portrayal of feminist theology's concept of the ‘female sin’ of passivity in Maitland's revisioning of Delilah (in Daughter of Jerusalem, 1978) and ‘Helen of Troy's Aerobics Class’ (in On Becoming A Fairy Godmother, 2003); how the crimes of mythical wicked women are retold as being motivated by revenge against men in ‘Deborah and Jael’ (Daughter of Jerusalem), ‘Siren Song’ and ‘The Swallow and the Nightingale’ (Far North and Other Dark Tales, 2008). The latter of these raises issues of women's conflicting loyalties, which is also considered in ‘The Swans’ (2008). The taboos of incest and child abuse are explored powerfully and sensitively in ‘Jocasta’ (2003) and ‘The Wicked Stepmother's Lament’ (A Book of Spells, 1987), and resistance to simplistic moralising is encapsulated in the story of a menopausal Eve, in ‘Choosing Paradise’ (2003).
Towards Establishing Global peace in the 21st Century, An Analysis of Holy Prophet’s (PBUH) preaching and Practices

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

It is an established fact that the progress of any nation is not determined only by the material prosperity of its inhabitants rather one of the yardsticks, in this regard, is the lasting peace and tranquility, that its inhabitants enjoy. All the benefits of the material prosperity are marred by the absence of peace. One of the solid reasons to threaten the fabric of peace among societies and nations is the violation of civil human rights. When the individuals of a society feel threats to their rights, then anarchy comes into existence and destroys the very peaceful fabric of society. Factions of society become intolerant to one another. There starts a clash of cultures and ideologies. Different societies have been practicing various stoical philosophies to create peace among its individuals bit in so far as, they have not been successful in spite of its tremendous enlightm-ent. The undertaken research is an attempt, in this regard, to highlight the multi dimensional preaching of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) in promoting peace among religions and societies. The undertaken study establishes that only the true adherence with the holy prophet’s (PBUH) preaching of tolerance can promote the lasting peace among religions and cultures.
Parturition in Wild Gorillas: Behaviour of Mothers, Neonates, and Others

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two gorilla births observed in the wild are described. There were several similarities between the two parturitions. Both mothers gave birth in the afternoon, in close proximity to other animals, and in both cases, detectable labour was less than 30 min, although 1 female had a more obvious, difficult labour than did the other. Placentophagy was observed in 1 case and suspected in the other. In both instances, the mothers established ventro-ventral contact and groomed their newborns within 45 min of delivery. The female who had the most difficult labour was displayed at aggressively by other adult females and the adult male. This was the only obvious interest shown by the adult male. In both cases, however, other adult females and immatures showed at least a passing interest in the parturient female and/or the neonate, and in 1 case, immatures were particularly interested in the birth debris. These data are similar in many respects to those from a previous gorilla birth observed in the wild, and are related to the captive management of gorillas in zoos. Stressed in particular is the importance of housing females and their neonates with conspecifics.
Engaging Conflict History and Memory Across the Taiwan Strait: A Longitudinal Analysis of the Conflict Timelines from Interactive Conflict Resolution (ICR) Dialogues

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract An analysis of twenty pairs of Taiwanese and mainland Chinese timelines of cross-Strait relations demonstrates a highly dynamic way in which the two societies' conflict memories have evolved over two decades. These timelines were developed in the context of twenty weeklong Interactive Conflict Resolution (ICR) dialogues that the author facilitated. A cohort of civil society delegates from both sides of the Strait, each with five persons, participated in each of the dialogues and produced the timelines. A longitudinal content analysis of the timelines reveals that the participants' experiences of cross-Strait relations have continuously altered their mental frames of the conflict. It also reveals distinct patterns of their recollections. These findings challenge the prevailing practices of conflict mapping and analysis that uncritically presume a static nature of conflict parties' goals. Broader implications of the study include the usefulness of action research and applied practice for methodological innovations and theory building.
Stress-Free with Rpd3: a Unique Chromatin Complex Mediates the Response to Oxidative Stress

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Eukaryotic cells are constantly bombarded with a plethora of extracellular and intracellular stresses that they must quickly respond to in order to survive (1). These stresses can come in the form of changes in temperature, nutrient availability, osmotic changes, and DNA-damaging events (extracellular), as well as oxidative stress from normal metabolism and replicative/transcriptional DNA damage (intracellular). In order to respond to a wide range of stresses, cells must be able to rapidly translate a stress response signal into a specific transcriptional program (2). While there are some common themes that underlie the general “environmental stress response” (ESR), the transcriptional programs each stressor initiates are unique and tailored to deal with each specific type of stress (3). The exact mechanisms underlying the cellular response to a particular stress are poorly defined and continue to be an exciting area of active research. A question of particular significance is how the cell is able to modulatethechromatinenvironmentsurroundingthegenesnec
AI-Driven Antibiotic Discovery: Addressing Antimicrobial Resistance Through Machine Learning

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Antibiotic resistance is a growing global issue, owing to the fast evolution of infections and the lessened efficacy of existing therapies. Unlike conventional medication development, antibiotics have the unique problem of being left behind as resistance develops. This has led to renewed interest in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) as approaches to expedite antibiotic discovery, particularly in the context of a slow and costly development process. This work reviews the increasingly widespread application of AI toward identifying antimicrobial peptides and small molecule drugs. These include prediction of antimicrobial activity, representation of compounds, assessment of drug-likeness, modelling of resistance mechanisms and de novo design of molecular classes. We also explore how open scientific principles, including reproducibility, openness, and data sharing, can be incorporated to accelerate preclinical research. We end by discussing emerging trends and future directions in antibiotic discovery, emphasizing how advances in machine learning are revolutionizing the field to tackle this urgent global challenge.
From Kyoto to Glasgow: is Japan a climate leader?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The term ‘climate leadership’ became popular in the 1990s, in relation to international negotiations aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and other environmental mitigations. Since that time, international attention – borne out by scientific study and a rapidly changing planetary climate - has shifted from global warming, the ozone layer and greenhouse gas emissions, to energy production, scientific innovation, and, by the 2020s, a strong focus on decarbonisation and securing net zero carbon output by the middle of the century. One important strand of negotiation has been the annual Conferences of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which has witnessed different states playing lead roles at different times. By interrogating the main academic debates about climate leadership, this article examines Japan’s participation in the COP process along a structural-normative axis. In so doing, it charts the path from Japan’s apparent success at Kyoto in 1997 and its growing green reputation, to its subsequent ‘fall from green’ in later years and in the wake of COP26 in 2021.
Regression of Feline Sarcoma Virus-Induced Sarcomas in Dogs. I. Morphologic Investigations<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2">2</xref>

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

In a study of morphologic changes in the development and regression of feline sarcoma virus (FeSV)-induced tumors in dogs, 27 weaned and newborn beagle and mongrel puppies were inoculated with FeSV in doses from 1.0 to 3.0 gEq; 2 beagle and 2 mongrel puppies were used as uninoculated contact controls. All animals were examined daily, and crude tumor volume was calculated from length, width, and depth measurements of the neoplasms. Biopsies were done at various stages of tumor development and regression. When tumors were no longer palpable, all puppies were necropsied. Two of 8 (25%) weaned beagle puppies, 10 of 12 (83%) newborn beagles, and 1 of 7 (14%) newborn mongrels developed tumors, all histologically confirmed fibrosarcomas. No metastatic tumor foci were detected. The tumor life-span was divided into approximately equal periods of growth and regression. The initial regression period was characterized by focal necrosis and accompanying neutrophil infiltration. The later stages of regression were characterized by lymphocytic or mixed mononuclear infiltrates. Thus the regression histopathology was not uniform and suggested that different immunologic mediation systems effect regression. Nonneoplastic morphologic changes consisted largely of lymphoid depletion and necrosis in lymph nodes and thymus after inoculation.
Effects of Infarct size and Exercise Training on Skeletal Muscle Metabolism in Experimental Heart Failure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Conference Abstract| October 01 1991 Effects of Infarct size and Exercise Training on Skeletal Muscle Metabolism in Experimental Heart Failure S Adamopoulos; S Adamopoulos 1Cardiac Department and MRC Magnetic Resonance Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar F Brunnote; F Brunnote 1Cardiac Department and MRC Magnetic Resonance Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar A Coats; A Coats 1Cardiac Department and MRC Magnetic Resonance Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar D Lindsay; D Lindsay 1Cardiac Department and MRC Magnetic Resonance Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J Unnit; J Unnit 1Cardiac Department and MRC Magnetic Resonance Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar L Kaklamanis; L Kaklamanis 1Cardiac Department and MRC Magnetic Resonance Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar B Rajagopalan; B Rajagopalan 1Cardiac Department and MRC Magnetic Resonance Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar G Radda; G Radda 1Cardiac Department and MRC Magnetic Resonance Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar P Sleight P Sleight 1Cardiac Department and MRC Magnetic Resonance Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Clin Sci (Lond) (1991) 81 (s25): 18P. https://doi.org/10.1042/cs081018Pa Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation S Adamopoulos, F Brunnote, A Coats, D Lindsay, J Unnit, L Kaklamanis, B Rajagopalan, G Radda, P Sleight; Effects of Infarct size and Exercise Training on Skeletal Muscle Metabolism in Experimental Heart Failure. Clin Sci (Lond) 1 October 1991; 81 (s25): 18P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/cs081018Pa Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsClinical Science Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1991 The Biochemical Society and the Medical Research Society1991 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Regional variation in prevalence of difficult-to-treat asthma and oral corticosteroid use for patients in Australia: heat map analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In Australia, the regional prevalence of difficult-to-treat asthma is unknown. We aimed to describe regional variation in difficult-to-treat asthma prevalence and oral corticosteroid (OCS) use. In this retrospective, observational, longitudinal study using data from March 2018–February 2019 in the NostraData longitudinal database, prescriptions dispensed for obstructive airway disease were processed through a high-level algorithm to identify patients with asthma. Difficult-to-treat asthma was defined by ≥2 high-dosage inhaled corticosteroids plus long-acting beta-agonist prescriptions over 6 months. Patients who additionally received OCS prescriptions sufficient to treat ≥2 exacerbations over 6 months were classified as having uncontrolled difficult-to-treat asthma. Patient-level data were analyzed across 340 geographic areas in Australia to determine regional prevalence of difficult-to-treat asthma, uncontrolled difficult-to-treat asthma, and OCS use. Of 1 851 129 people defined as having asthma, 440 800 (24%) were classified as having difficult-to-treat disease. Of those difficult-to-treat asthma patients, 96 338 (22%) were considered to have uncontrolled disease. Between 29% and 48% of patients had difficult-to-treat asthma in 49 geographic areas, most frequently located in Western Australia. Between 26% and 67% of patients had uncontrolled difficult-to-treat asthma in 29 geographic areas (mostly in Eastern Australia). Overall, a wide variability of asthma severity and control was observed among regions. Despite global and national guidelines, regional differences in the prevalence of difficult-to-treat asthma and uncontrolled difficult-to-treat asthma and OCS use exist in Australia. Understanding these regional variations should inform policy and target management in the areas with the greatest unmet need.
Nanoparticle‐Bound Cytolytic Peptide Prodrugs for Cancer Therapy

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To develop a nanoparticle platform which promotes the delivery of cytolytic peptide prodrugs to tumors and their activation by locally produced proteases. Introduction: Melittin is a peptide toxin derived from bee venom which has been proposed as a cancer therapy due to its cytolytic activity. Yet, its therapeutic applications have been limited by its nonspecific cytotoxicity and rapid clearance from the circulation. We have previously developed a prodrug form of melittin which is activated upon cleavage by matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP‐9), a protease closely linked with tumor growth and metastasis. Here, we present a platform for delivery of this prodrug based on a perfluorocarbon nanoparticle system designed to enhance intratumoral accumulation while permitting prodrug activation by local MMP‐9 activity. Methods and Results: Incubation of the melittin prodrug with perfluorocarbon nanoparticles (NPs) resulted in stable loading of 10,250 peptides per NP with no significant change in NP size. Addition of 20 nM MMP‐9 led to activation of 57.8% of NP‐bound prodrug within 3 hours. B16F10 melanoma cell viability was virtually eliminated following incubation with 50 μM free or NP‐bound prodrug in the presence of MMP‐9 (p < 0.001 compared to control). In a mouse model of B16F10 lung metastasis, NP accumulation in lung tumors was demonstrated by both fluorescence microscopy (Figure A; NPs in red) and quantitative 19 F magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Figure B). Gelatin zymography confirmed production of active MMP‐9 by these tumors. Conclusion Perfluorocarbon nanoparticles accumulate within tumors and permit activation of bound prodrugs, making them promising delivery vehicles for cytolytic peptide agents. Research Support: NIH R01 HL073646 image image
Dimensional study of prostate cancer using stereological tools

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract This study analyzes the dimensional changes of the glands from prostate cancer by applying stereology to estimate the variations in volume, length, surface, and cellular densities of tumor acini. Normal and tumor acini were visualized using immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin18. On immunostained sections, parameters related to the dimensions and cell population of prostate acini were measured. The immunohistochemical expression of proliferative cell nuclear antigen was also measured to correlate the quantitative changes estimated with the proliferative activity of the epithelium. The average cell volume in normal and tumor epithelium was estimated using the method of the nucleator. The relative size of the acini was similar in the carcinoma compared with the normal prostate. Within the acini, the fraction of acinar volume occupied by the epithelium was significantly higher in cancer than in the nontumor prostate. Conversely, the glandular lumen of the cancer acini is lower than in the normal acini. The significant increase of acinar length density in the carcinoma indicates that the glandular tree's growth in the carcinoma is higher and with more branches than in the case of nonneoplastic glands. The basal surface density is higher in the carcinoma than in the controls. The number of epithelial cells per unit length of acini was significantly decreased in the neoplastic glands. This "dilution" of the cell population along the cancer acinus can be explained by the significant increase in the tumor cell's mean cell volume.