jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
RECYCLING OF TAR LIME STABILIZATION

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper discusses the recycling of a bound roadbase of sand stabilized with tar and lime that comes available during the reconstruction of roads in the Netherlands. How to deal with this tar lime stabilization (TLS) as a waste product largely depends on three factors: 1) the Dutch environmental policy; 2) the technical state- of-the-art; and 3) the amounts of TLS. Within this framework four options are discussed: 1) leaving the existing TLS intact; 2) controlled recycling; 3) controlled dumping; and 4) plantwise separation of construction materials polluted with tar. The second option is further discussed on the basis of a test project of a rehabilitation work on the access and exit roads of Dutch state road A59. In this project both the environmental protection and civil engineering aspects and the working conditions were taken into account. The TLS was mixed in place with cement to form tar lime cement stabilization (TLCS). Attention is also paid to the polluted soil of the road verges alongside the TLS. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 867688.
Effects of Aluminum Stress on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Watermelon Seedlings

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aluminum(Al)phytotoxicity is an important factor influencing plant production in acid soils. In the present study, seedlings of four watermelon varieties, chaotiandileiwang(DL), zaojia84-24(ZJ), zaomiwang(ZM)and zaochunhongyu(HY), were used to investigate their growth and physiological characteristics under different Al concentrations(0, 250, 500, 1000, 1500 μmol·L-1). The inhibitory effects of Al on root length, root vigor and dry weight were greatest for ZM, followed by ZJ and DL, and the least for HY, in which no influences were observed. Thus ZM was more sensitive to Al than HY. Aluminum stress increased the plasma membrane permeability and MDA content in ZM and HY leaves. At Al3+≤1000 μmol·L-1, the breakage of HY membrane system was recovered at a certain level with extension of the treatment time. In addition, Pro content, SOD and POD activities were also increased; while CAT activity was almost not affected by Al.These results show that Al-resistant HY has a better physiological mechanism to respond to Al stress than ZM does, and the Pro content and SOD and POD activities are closely related to Al-tolerant ability of watermelon.
The Effectiveness of Program Keluarga Harapan in Kendal Regency

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of the distribution and effectiveness of the program keluarga harapan in Kendal Regency as a poverty reduction program. This research uses mix method. The population of this study were all recipients of program keluarga harapan assistance with a sample of 100 respondents through purposive sampling technique. Analysis of the data is using descriptive analysis. The results showed that the variable of goal accuracy has not achieved the goal with a percentage value of 61.25%, the satisfaction variable with the program was obtained by being satisfied with the program with a percentage of 80.65% and the target accuracy variable obtained the target result was very precise with a percentage value of 61%. Suggestions related to this research are the need to immediately design technical guidelines for business assistance for the recipients, optimization of coaching by eliminating "poor mentality" by changing the character of society to work hard to break the poverty chain of their families, and the need for strong coordination between institution to reduce poverty.
Environmental Impacts (ER CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) of an Improved Multi-Fuel Gasifier Forced Air Cookstove in the City of Kinshasa

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Sub-Saharan African countries depend 80% on the biomass-wood to meet their daily needs in terms of cooking foods. Traditional cookstoves are much more used to this effect. Many change programmes for replacing cookstove model have been planned. Yet many of these programmes have not been preceded by environmental impact studies. This work offers high-performance cookstove models and determines their impact on the reduction of CO2 emissions, a very harmful greenhouse gas causing the planet warming and climate change. Replacing the traditional cookstove by an improved stove may lead to an economy in terms of fuel ranging from 33.2% to 75.4% according to the model of cookstoves. Yet the Gasifier using pellets as fuel remains the most beneficial stove in terms of fuel saving (75.4%) and in terms of ER CO2, i.e. 2748 t CO2/Year. An improved gasifier cookstove is multi-fuel. He can use charcoal, pellets and wood. This is an indispensable cooking tool with alternative fuels. In this work, the ER CO2 was evaluated using two methods. The KPT, which is a field method and the CCT which is a laboratory method. By the KPT method a gasifier ICS/GAS/P records up to an ERCO2 of 2748 t CO2/Year, while with the same gasifier, an ERCO2 of 2619 t CO2/year is found by the CCT method. The comparison between the two methods shows the same trend but with very high values of ERCO2 for the KPT method results. The variation between the two methods ranges between 1% approximately to 6.9 percent.
Ethnopharmacological evaluation of male contraceptive efficacy of Dendrophthoe falcata in albino rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Search for male-antifertility agent in plants remains a potential area of investigations. Though, antispermatogenic activity has been reported in some plants, only few are reported.. Therefore, present study was undertaken to evaluate the contraceptive-efficacy of Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.) Ettingsh. in male albino rats as reported in folk remedies1. Shade-dried stems of D. falcata were extracted in methanol and then fractionated with different solvents. A part of isolated-fractions were also processed for various phytochemical-techniques to identify active constituents. Spectral studies revealed that it has one compound in major quantity i.e. kaempferol, a natural flavonol2,3. Male rats were gavaged with kaempferol rich fraction at 50mg/rat/day for 60days. On day 61st animals were autopsied and testes, epididymides, seminal-vesicle and ventral-prostate were dissected out and weighed. Sperm motility and density were assessed. Biochemical and histological analysis were also performed. A marked reduction in weight of testes, epididymides, seminal vesicle and ventral prostate was observed. The sperm motility and density were significantly reduced. The histoarchitecture of testes revealed degenerative changes in the seminiferous-tubules and arrest of spermatogenesis at the stage of round-spermatids. A marked alteration in Leydig cell differenzial counts was also noticed. Serum-testosterone levels were decreased significantly. Protein, glycogen, sialic acid, acid and alkaline phosphatase content of testes, protein and sialic in cauda and seminal vesicular fructose was decreased, whereas testicular-cholesterol increased significantly. Results of present study showed a significant effect of D. falcata on testicular and epididymal spermatozoa. Findings of present study supports the use of this plant in folk remedies as an antifertility agent.
MOTIVATION OF CIVIL SERVANTS FROM ARCHETYPICAL APPROACH PERSPECTIVE: THEORY AND PROBLEM ISSUES

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The theoretical bases of motivation of civil servants are considered in the article. The description of the basic motivational theories is presented. Substantive theories of motivation (A. Maslow, K. Alderfer, D. McCleland, F. Hertzberg) are based on the analysis of the motivational sphere of a person, on the direct relationship between satisfaction/dissatisfaction of human needs and motivation. In the procedural theories of motivation (V. Vroom, J. Adams, E. Lock, Porter-Lawler theory), the process of motivation is studied and attention is focused on the influence of external factors on the motivation of a person. On the basis of a review of the achievements of the scientific foundations of motivation, recommendations were made to the heads of the public administration authorities on the implementation of the motivation function. Generalized the main problems of labor motivation, typical for staff, regardless of the form of ownership of the organization. The following problems and obstacles in personnel motivation are identified: the complexity of research and determination of the motives of the individual, the problem of fairness in evaluating the performance of management and staff, dissatisfaction with hygiene factors, complex relationships in the team, inadequate expectations on the part of the employee, many innovations and changes in organization of work, monotony of activity, incompatibility of the worker’s qualification with the level of work, constant changes, stressful situations can cause apathy to slave father. Based on the results of the expert survey, the main problems of labor motivation in public administration bodies were identified. The system of motivating public servants has a number of shortcomings: dissatisfaction with the size of material security, the existence of state-wide interdepartmental and regional differences in the wage rates of civil servants, injustice with individual bonuses. The motivation of public servants is based on the opportunities for career growth, increasing competence, the prestige of working in government bodies, the stability of employment, job satisfaction, the amount of annual leave, good pensions and the opportunity to be involved in significant cases for society.
Binding of 2-Hydroxyestradiol to Rat Anterior Membranes* Pituitary Cell

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

ature- and pH-dependent, with maximal binding at 37°C and pH 7.4. The 2-hydroxyestradiol binding is shown to be stereospecific. Dopamine and spiroperidol (a dopamine antagonist) competitively inhibit the specific binding of [3€€12-hydroxyestradiol to the high anity binding site with inhibition constants, KI, of 1 X lo-’ M and 2 X lo-‘ M, respectively. Related catecholestrogens (2-hydroxyestrone and 2-hydroxyestriol) are also competitive inhibitors of [3H]2-hydroxyestradiol binding with KI values of 1.5 X lo-’ M and 1.9 X lo-’ M, respectively. None of the estrogens (estrone, estradiol, estriol) or 2methoxyestrogen derivatives (2-methoxyestrone, 2methoxyestradiol, 2-methoxyestriol) inhibits [3H]2-hydroxyestradiol binding at concentrations up to M. Norepinephrine, epinephrine, and serotonin are also ineffective as inhibitors at concentrations of lo-’ M and inhibited less than 20% at M. Centrifugation through a stepwise discontinuous sucrose density gradient is used to separate subcellular components of the anterior pituitary cells. Approximately 90 per cent of the specific [3H]2-hydroxyestradiol binding is associated with the material at the 47.4 to 52.9% sucrose interface, the layer most highly enriched for 6’”nucleotidase (an enzyme marker for plasma membranes). Studies of tissue specificity indicate that specific 2-hydroxyestradiol binding sites are heterogeneously distributed in nervous tissue with the highest concentration of binding sites in the anterior pituitary, cerebral cortex, and hypothalamus and lower levels found in the thalamus and striatum. Low levels of 2-hydroxyestradiol binding sites are also identified in liver and uterus. The present demonstration of specific 2-hydroxyestradiol binding to the anterior pituitary membrane provides information on the mechanism of catecholestrogen action.
Materials Data on As2Pd5 by Materials Project

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Pd5As2 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3cm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are six inequivalent Pd sites. In the first Pd site, Pd is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to nine Pd and four As atoms. There are a spread of Pd–Pd bond distances ranging from 2.83–2.91 Å. There are three shorter (2.63 Å) and one longer (2.78 Å) Pd–As bond lengths. In the second Pd site, Pd is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to nine Pd and four As atoms. There are a spread of Pd–Pd bond distances ranging from 2.79–3.08 Å. There are a spread of Pd–As bond distances ranging from 2.53–2.91 Å. In the third Pd site, Pd is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to nine Pd and four As atoms. There are three shorter (2.91 Å) and three longer (3.14 Å) Pd–Pd bond lengths. There are three shorter (2.65 Å) and one longer (2.79 Å) Pd–As bond lengths. In the fourth Pd site, Pd is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to eight Pd and four As atoms. There are a spread of Pd–Pd bond distances ranging from 2.77–2.99 Å. There are a spread of Pd–As bond distances ranging from 2.46–2.69 Å. In the fifth Pd site, Pd is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to seven Pd and three As atoms. There are one shorter (2.57 Å) and two longer (2.58 Å) Pd–As bond lengths. In the sixth Pd site, Pd is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to seven Pd and five As atoms. There are a spread of Pd–As bond distances ranging from 2.47–3.02 Å. There are three inequivalent As sites. In the first As site, As is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to ten Pd atoms. In the second As site, As is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to ten Pd atoms. In the third As site, As is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to ten Pd atoms.
Accelerating the artificial bee colony algorithm by hardware parallel implementations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Artificial bee colony (ABC) is an optimization algorithm inspired on the intelligent behavior of honey bee swarms. It is suitable to be applied when mathematical techniques are impractical or provide suboptimal solutions. As a population-based algorithm, the ABC suffers on large execution times specifically for embedded optimization problems with computational limitations. For that we propose a hardware parallel architecture of the opposition-based ABC algorithm (HPOABC) that facilitates the implementation in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). Numerical simulations using four well-known benchmark problems demonstrate that the opposition-based approach allows the algorithm to improve its functionality, preserving the swarm diversity. Additionally, synthesis results point outs that the HPOABC architecture is effectively mapped in hardware and is suitable for embedded applications.
Role of ion channels in the functional response of conjunctival goblet cells to dry eye

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Optimal vision requires an ocular surface with a stable tear film whose many critical tasks include providing >70% of the eye’s refractive power. However, for millions, tear film instability produces uncomfortable sight-impairing dry eye. Despite the multitude of etiologies for dry eye, a universal hallmark is hyperosmolarity of the tear film. Presently, knowledge of how the ocular surface responds to hyperosmolarity remains incomplete with little understood about the role of ion channels. This bioelectric analysis focused on conjunctival goblet cells whose release of tear-stabilizing mucin is a key adaptive response to dry eye. In freshly excised rat conjunctiva, perforated-patch recordings demonstrated that a ≥10% rise in osmolarity triggers goblet cells to rapidly generate a ~15-mV hyperpolarization due to the oxidant-dependent activation of ATP-sensitive K + (K ATP ) channels. High-resolution membrane capacitance measurements used to monitor exocytosis revealed that this hyperpolarization results in an approximately fourfold boost in exocytotic activity evoked by cholinergic input, which in vivo occurs via a neural reflex and depends chiefly on calcium influxing down its electro-gradient. We discovered that this adaptive response is transient. During 30–80 min of hyperosmolarity, development of a depolarizing nonspecific cation conductance fully counterbalances the K ATP -driven hyperpolarization and thereby eliminates the exocytotic boost. We conclude that hyperosmotic-induced hyperpolarization is a previously unappreciated mechanism by which goblet cells respond to transient ocular dryness. Loss of this voltage increase during long-term dryness/hyperosmolarity may account for the clinical conundrum that goblet cells in chronically dry eyes can remain filled with mucin even though the tear film is hyperosmotic and mucin-deficient.
Frequency-dependent propagation of sodium action potentials in dendrites of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

1. The propagation of antidromically activated action potentials in CA1 pyramidal neurons was examined with intrasomatic and intradendritic electrical recording and optical measurements using the fluorescent calcium indicator Calcium Green-1. 2. In somatic recordings, trains of 40 action potentials, activated at rates up to 100 Hz, showed modest amplitude reduction. Recordings in the apical dendrites, 150 microns from the soma, showed smaller initial amplitudes and much greater decrement during trains. Higher frequencies caused a greater rate of reduction with a lower final amplitude. 3. Calcium concentration changes ([Ca2+]i), measured with the fluorescent indicator Calcium Green-1 and a fast, cooled charge coupled device (CCD) camera, were detected over the entire length of the apical dendrites in response to single antidromic action potentials, although the changes in distal dendrites were smaller. These changes were rapid, decaying to half-amplitude in < 150 ms in distal dendritic locations. 4. Trains of action potentials at all frequencies up to 100 Hz caused transient [Ca2+]i, increases for each spike at 150 microns from the soma. In the last 100 microns of the distal branches, only the first few spikes caused a [Ca2+]i increase for frequencies above approximately 40 Hz. These patterns could be matched with a simple model of calcium influx and removal, where later spikes in a train brought in less calcium than earlier spikes. 5. These results show that the action-potential amplitude and the spatial extent of their propagation in the dendrites is frequency dependent.
Formulation and quality control of a poly herbal tranquilizer syrup

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background and objectives: Herbal drugs are rapidly becoming popular in recent years as alternative therapies. Numerous poly herbal formulations, which are combinations of different herbal materials/extracts are being used for prevention or treatment of various disorders. The present research has been undertaken to formulate and evaluate the quality of a tranquilizing syrup based on Iranian traditional medicine references. Methods: A decoction containing Echium amoenum L., Lavandula spp. L., Melissa officinalis L., Cuscuta chinensis Lam, Vitis venifera L.,Prunus domestica and Alhagi camelorum Fisch.was prepared and then filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and different sweeteners and flavoring agents including, brown sugar, honey, masking flavor, sucralose, lemon and orange essential oil were examined to cover the unpleasant taste of the product caused by Cuscuta chinensis. Finally,sucralose was found to be beneficent to cover the unpleasant taste. The final product was evaluated physicochemically and microbiologically according to standard protocols. Results: The results of the quality control assessments demonstrated that the color, odor, microbial and physicochemical characteristics of the syrup were acceptable. Conclusion: The formulated syrup can be examined in in vivo and clinical studies as a tranquilizer with respect to its tranquilizing herbal content.
Improving neural-network-based prediction models for misalignment in off-axis three-mirror anastigmat telescopes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The performance of a telescope system heavily relies on the precise alignment of the mirrors. The off-axis three-mirror anastigmat (TMA) telescope presents unique challenges due to its complex optical design. Each optical element within the off-axis TMA telescope is inherently introduced with theoretical eccentricity and tilt. Furthermore, the incorporation of freeform surfaces and other optical elements with intricate surface features typically leads to low initial alignment accuracy of the optical path. With this low initial alignment accuracy and the noise of the measurements, the prediction of the misalignment of the telescope is getting harder. A fully connected neural network architecture is proposed as a misalignment calculation method for an off-axis TMA telescope system with a freeform surface. Random training data is created by using optical design software. The sensitivity of the mirrors to the wavefront error is quantified and incorporated into the loss function of the neural network to improve prediction accuracy. Adding the noisy measurement samples to the training data creates a noise-immune neural network model. Simulation results show that our model can successfully predict misalignment of the mirrors with noisy measurement values.
[The study on human leucocyte antigen DQ region genes polymorphism in unexplained habitual abortion patients].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The results suggest that DQB1 * 0604,0605 allele and DQA1 * 01/DQB1 * 0604,0605 haplotype may be a susceptible gene and haplotype of unexplained habitual abortion, while DQB1 * 0501,0502 allele may be a protective factor for habitual abortion.
MIXED CONVECTION IN HORIZONTAL NON-DARCY POROUS MEDIUM LOCALLY HEATED FROM BELOW

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A two-dimensional mixed convection flow of a viscous incompressible fluid through a fluid-saturated non-Darcy porous layer is studied numerically. The layer is assumed to be bounded by the isothermally cooled, impermeable horizontal wall on the top and an insulated, impermeable wall at the bottom. A finite isothermal flat or rectangular heat source is considered in the middle of the bottom wall. The dimensional governing equations have been solved using finite difference method for a wide range of Rayleigh number, Peclet number, non-Darcy or Forchheimer resistance parameter, and the width and height of the rectangular heat source. For increasing values of the Peclet number and the non-Darcy number, more energy is convected in the downstream region of the heat source. The upward evolution of fluid is significantly enhanced and the size of convective cells is elongated with higher values of the Rayleigh number. Also temperature plumes are observed on the top of the heat source. As the height or width of the heat source is increased the secondary convective cells clearly appear over the heat source. Moreover, the Nusselt number at the top surface of the heat source is substantially increased owing to the increase of the height and width of the heat source, whereas it diminishes with the increase of the non-Darcy parameter. In the case of wider heat source, multiple maximum and minimum values of the Nusselt number are seen.
Jafari and Transformation:  A model to enhance short-term overseas study tours

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper promotes the Jafari tourism model as a framework to understand the various stages of the student and staff travel experience while participating in an outbound mobility experiences (OME). Working through each of the components of the Jafari model allows recognition of the changing needs and requirements of both students and staff throughout an OME and the tensions that accompany this relationship. Drawing on experiences gained from the development and implementation of a two-week OME to Vietnam offered annually between 2011 and 2015, this paper will demonstrate how the Jafari tourism model can be used in relation to OMEs.