jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
BUSINESS MODELS FOR ONLINE LEARNING: AN EXPLORATORY SURVEY

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Despite the rapid growth in the adoption of online learning, there is a dearth of detailed information on effective business models, business strategies and effective practices on which to build sustainable online education programs. A survey instrument was developed as an initial attempt to define business models and business strategies for online learning. The survey results yielded some interesting data about which online learning financial models seem to have more or less “control” of which business functions. The sample was a convenience one and as such will require further filtering of data. It is also clear that more needs to be done to define business strategies and models and thus provide guidance to this growing segment of higher education.
Finite-time position/force control for flexible joint manipulators

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

For the problem of position and force trajectory tracking of flexible joint manipulators whose motion is constrained in the end, a finite-time position/force control strategy is proposed using adaptive terminal sliding mode. Firstly, position control and force control are decoupled according to the coordinate transformation and a reduced dynamic model for the manipulator is obtained. Then a new terminal sliding mode is established and an adaptive position/force control law is designed to overcome the uncertainties of the dynamic model. The system variables can be driven to reach the terminal sliding mode and slide to equilibrium point along the mode in finite time. Unlike previous position/force control strategies, this strategy can make both position and force tracking errors of the manipulator converge to zero in finite time. Simulation results are presented to validate the proposed method.
Podia in Multiple Myeloma (MM) Cells Promote Adhesion with Bone Marrow (BM) Fibroblastic Stromal Cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Abstract 626 The physical contact between MM cells and the BM microenvironment can lead to cell adhesion mediated drug resistance. Although some components of adhesive structures in MM cells have been identified very little is known about their exact organisation and dynamics. We have observed formation of proteoglycan CD138 and F-actin containing membrane extensions in MM cells in in vitro cultures of BM aspirates as well as in sections of BM trephines of MM patients. MM membrane extensions elongated on the surface of BM stromal cells or interconnected MM cells forming seemingly cellular networks. Morphologically, MM membrane extensions appear similar to other structures in haematopoietic cells such as nanotubes formed by T-cells involved in cell communication and podia in CD34+ cells and leukemia cell lines whose function remains unknown. Dexamethasone (a drug commonly used clinically against MM) increased the percentage of MM cells displaying membrane extensions and the length of these structures. This correlated with enhanced expression of surface CXCR4, increased adhesion of MM cells on fibroblastic stromal cells and protection of MM cells against Dexamethasone-mediated apoptosis. Treatment with Bortezomib at clinically achievable doses decreased CXCR4 levels in MM cells and did not induce podia formation/extension and correlated with inhibition of MM cell adhesion and induction of MM cell apoptosis in a dose dependent manner. Blocking CXCR4 signalling with Plerixafor (AMD3100) inhibited the rate of formation and length of MM membrane extensions and correlated with sensitisation of MM cells to Dexamethasone. Similar inhibitory results were obtained using Dexamethasone in combination with the c-Abl/Src kinase inhibitor Dasatinib. Neither Dasatinib nor Plerixafor at doses achievable in patients directly induced apoptosis in MM or BM stromal cells. We conclude that membrane extensions/podia formed by MM cells are involved in the interaction with BM stromal cells, require CXCR4 and Src and/or c-Abl activity and could be involved in resistance to treatment with Dexamethasone. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Search for Pair Production of Stop Quarks Mimicking Top Event Signatures

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We update the search for the pair-produced super-symmetric partner of the top quark (stop quark) from 1.9fb−1 to 2.7fb−1 of data collected with CDF II. We search for the scalar top quarks via their decay channel: t̃1 → bχ̃±1 → bχ̃01lν, which gives an event signature similar to that of a top dilepton event. We reconstruct events under the stop decay hypothesis and use the reconstructed stop mass as a discriminative kinematic variable in the fit. In the signal region the number of events observed is in agreement with the number expected from the SM processes. The kinematic distribution of the stop reconstructed mass is also consistent with the SM predictions. Thus no evidence for scalar top quark pair-production is observed. We place a limit on the dilepton branching ratio of stop quarks in a three-dimensional space of masses of super-symmetric particles t̃1, χ̃±1, χ̃
Transplantation of Porcine Hepatocytes Cultured with Polylactic Acid-O-Carboxymethylated Chitosan Nanoparticles Promotes Liver Regeneration in Acute Liver Failure Rats

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this study, free porcine hepatocytes suspension (Group A), porcine hepatocytes embedded in collagen gel (Group B), porcine hepatocytes cultured with PLA-O-CMC nanoparticles and embedded in collagen gel (Group C), and PLA-O-CMC nanoparticles alone (Group D) were transplanted into peritoneal cavity of ALF rats, respectively. The result showed that plasma HGF levels were elevated post-transplantation with a peak at 12 hr. The rats in Group C showed highest plasma HGF levels at 2, 6, 12, 24 and 36 hr post-transplantation and lowest HGF level at 48 hr. Plasma VEGF levels were elevated at 48 hr post-transplantation with a peak at 72 hr. The rats in Group C showed highest plasma HGF levels at 48, 72, and 96 hr post-transplantation. The liver functions in Group C were recovered most rapidly. Compared with Group B, Group C had significant high liver Kiel 67 antigen labeling index (Ki-67 LI) at day 1 post-HTx (P<.05). Ki-67 LI in groups B and C was higher than that in groups A and D at days 5 and 7 post-HTx. In conclusion, intraperitoneal transplantation of porcine hepatocytes cultured with PLA-O-CMC nanoparticles and embedded in collagen gel can promote significantly liver regeneration in ALF rats.
Resist Denial-of-service Attack and Enhance Network Security with Protocol-independent Packet Processor-Based Two-Layer Firewall

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We introduced a Protocol-independent Packet Processor (P4)-based two-layer firewall with a detection system for identifying denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks. P4-based switch enables real-time packet inspection in the Data Plane by reducing latency associated with packet filtering. The system enhances network security through dynamic traffic-blocking rules trained by machine learning modeling. Using Software-Defined Networking (SDN), the system seamlessly operates with or without current SDN protocols and dynamically adapts to changing threats. The simulation results showed that the proposed approach enhanced network security in the continuously evolving internet environment.
Cognitive impairment in patients with Binswanger's disease,leukoaraiosis and leukoaraiosis with cerebral infarction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the degree of cognitive impairment and its clinical significance of Binswanger's disease(BD),leukoaraiosis(LA) and LA with cerebral infarction(LA+CI).Methods Mini-mental state examination(MMSE) and clinical memory scale (CMS) were used to evaluate the cognitive impairment in 33 patients with BD, 27 patients with LA, 31 patients with LA+CI and 30 healthy controls.Results (1)The scores of MMSE and CMS in BD group, LA group, LA+CI group were significantly lower than those in healthy control group( P0.05～0.01).(2)The scores of MMSE and CMS in BD group and LA+CI group were significantly lower than those in LA group ( P0.05～0.01). (3) There were 21 cases(77.8%) with mild cognitive impairment in LA group, 8 cases(24.2%) with midrange cognitive impairment and 25 cases.(75.8%) with dementia in BD group, 6 cases(19.4%) with midrange cognitive impairment and 24 cases(77.4%) with dementia in LA+CI group.Conclusion Mild cognitive impairment is usually found in LA. However, moderate cognitive impairment and dementia are usually existed in BD and LA+CI. The degree of cognitive impairment is a reference in diagnosing BD and LA.
The Effect of Chronic and Acyclic Elevation of Circulating Androstenedione or Estrone Concentrations on Ovarian Function in the Rhesus Monkey*

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The concept that chronically elevated blood androstenedione concentrations increase the incidence of anovulation in the primate and that acyclic elevated basal blood androgen and/or estrogen concentrations cause abnormal gonadotropin secretion was studied. Regularly menstruating female rhesus monkeys were implanted sc with Silastic tubing filled with androstenedione or estrone and compared with controls. Androstenedione implants increased the serum androstenedione concentrations from 1.6 +/- 0.1 (SE) ng/ml to 6.30 +/- 0.27 ng/ml. By peripheral conversion the testosterone concentration increased from control values of 279 +/- 10 (SE) pg/ml to 1280 +/- 41 pg/ml. The testosterone concentration in the estrone-treated monkeys was 247 +/- 9.7 pg/ml. The estrone concentrations were: controls, 63.2 +/- 3.1 (SE) pg/ml; androstenedione-treated monkeys, 63.2 +/- 3.1 pg/ml; and estrone-treated animals, 150 +/- 5.3 pg/ml. The corresponding estradiol concentrations were: control animals, 35.1 +/- 2.1 (SE) pg/ml; androstenedione animals, 30.9 +/- 1.8 pg/ml; and estrone-treated monkeys, 65.7 +/- 3.9 pg/ml. There was no difference in the morning serum cortisol concentrations between any of the three groups or between ovulatory or anovulatory months. The chronic elevation of either androstenedione or estrone caused an increased incidence of anovulation compared with the controls. Increased estrogen concentrations caused increased anovulation during both summer and winter months; however, increased androgen concentrations caused increased anovulation only during the summer months. However, LH concentrations were unaffected in either group but were lower during anovulation months in all three groups. An LH or FSH surge followed an estradiol bolus in three of four control animals and four of six androstenedione-treated but none of the estrone-treated monkeys. Histological examination of ovarian biopsies demonstrated thickening of the tunica albuginea ovarii in androgen-treated ovaries and an apparent increased number of atretic follicles. Corpora lutea were absent in the ovaries of the estrogen-treated monkeys, but otherwise these ovaries were similar to those of controls. It is concluded that chronic acyclic elevation of blood androstenedione (and resultant testosterone) increases seasonal anovulation in the rhesus monkey. Increased blood estrone (and resultant estradiol) leads to almost complete anovulation throughout the year and renders the central nervous system-pituitary axis insensitive to positive feedback effect of estradiol. Neither treatment caused an increase in basal LH concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Genotypic analysis of Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms of TLR4 in Egyptian patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential molecules of the innate immune system that stimulate numerous inflammatory pathways and harmonize systemic defense against a wide array of pathogens. TLRs may also recognize a number of self-proteins and endogenous nucleic acids. Inappropriate stimulation of the TLR pathway by endogenous or exogenous ligands or as a consequence of mutation in the TLR genes may lead to induction and/or prolongation of autoimmune response and tissue injury. This study was designed to detect the TLR4 (Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile) gene polymorphism in Egyptian patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as well as its correlation with disease activity. This study enrolled 50 patients who were attending the internal medicine and immunology out-patient clinic of Beni-Suef University Hospital. They were classified into three groups: 20 patients with RA, 20 patients with SLE, and 10 healthy controls. All studied persons were subjected to complete clinical evaluation, laboratory investigations, and detection of mutation in the TLR4 (Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile) gene by PCR technique. No individual in the RA patients group, the SLE patients group, or control population was identified carrying the Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms; in other words, all RA patients, SLE patients, and controls were with the same wild genotype. The similarity in genotype between the patients group and control population concluded that these two missense polymorphisms do not contribute to RA and SLE in a group of Egyptian population.
Effect of positive inotropic agents on myosin isozyme population and mechanical activity of cultured rat heart myocytes.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

To examine whether catecholamines have a direct effect on myosin heavy chain expression of heart myocytes or whether they act via an altered work load, myocytes from neonatal rat hearts were cultured in thyroid hormone-free media containing various positive inotropic and chronotropic agents. The velocity and frequency of contraction of the myocytes were monitored using an optoelectronic system. After 3-5 days of culture, myosin isozyme populations, cellular cAMP content, and 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake of the myocytes were determined. Compared with myocytes cultured in the absence of inotropic agents (32.6 +/- 3.5% V1), the proportion of myosin V1 was significantly (p less than 0.05) increased in the case of 1 microM isoproterenol (48.2 +/- 5.9% V1), 1 microM forskolin (57.1 +/- 11.7% V1), and 1 mM dibutyryl cAMP (79.1 +/- 2.0% V1). Dibutyryl cAMP increased V1 to a similar level as 30 nM triiodothyronine did (70.2 +/- 13.0% V1). Only a small increase was observed in myocytes cultured in the presence of 10 microM phenylephrine (40.4 +/- 8.4% V1), 10 microM ouabain (40.6 +/- 11.9% V1), or 10 microM Bay K 8644 (40.7 +/- 11.7% V1). The agents with a marked effect on myosin heavy chain expression resulted in a higher cAMP content; isoproterenol and forskolin also stimulated 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake. All agents resulted in a higher velocity of contraction; with the exception of ouabain, frequency of contraction was also increased. A change in Ca2+ concentration in the medium from 1.3 to 2.4 mM resulted in a small increase in V1 (40.7 +/- 5.2% V1) but had the same effect on contraction velocity as dibutyryl cAMP did. Furthermore, 10 nM isoproterenol also increased V1 in myocytes that were arrested with 10 microM verapamil. The increase in V1 in the case of dibutyryl cAMP, isoproterenol, and forskolin is thus most probably not a correlate of the increased mechanical activity but of the high cellular cAMP content.
Wiki and TGfU: a collaborative approach to understanding games education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Technology is becoming an integral part of teaching and learning in schools. This thesis explored the use of a wiki, a collaborative editable webpage within physical education teacher education. An interpretive inquiry investigated the perceptions of a cohort of 28 final year physical education teacher candidates (PETC) through an online group project. The objective of the assignment was for PETC to develop deeper understanding of the Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) approach. Information collected from reflective journals, writing samples and focus groups identified both enabling and constraining factors this wiki brought to the wiki project. Data analyses confirmed that the wiki facilitated collaboration among group members, improved writing skills and enhanced deeper understanding through scaffolding of one’s own ideas as well as those of others. In their efforts to work collaboratively, the students realized that establishing roles and responsibilities and creating more opportunity for communication were necessary ingredients for learning.
IL-1 Is an Effective Adjuvant for Mucosal and Systemic Immune Responses When Coadministered with Protein Immunogens

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Mucosal immunization with soluble protein Ag alone may induce Ag-specific tolerance, whereas mucosal immunization with Ag in the presence of a mucosal adjuvant may induce Ag-specific systemic and mucosal humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. The most widely used and studied mucosal adjuvant is cholera toxin (CT). Although the mechanism of adjuvanticity of CT is not completely understood, it is known that CT induces mucosal epithelial cells to produce the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8 and up-regulates macrophage production of IL-1 and the costimulatory molecule B7.2. Because IL-1 may duplicate many of the activities of CT, we evaluated IL-1α and IL-1β for their ability to serve as mucosal adjuvants when intranasally administered with soluble protein Ags. IL-1α and IL-1β were as effective as CT for the induction of Ag-specific serum IgG, vaginal IgG and IgA, systemic delayed-type hypersensitivity, and lymphocyte proliferative responses when intranasally administered with soluble protein Ag. Our results indicate that IL-1α and IL-1β may be useful as mucosal vaccine adjuvants. Such an adjuvant may be useful, and possibly required, for vaccine-mediated protection against pathogens that infect via the mucosal surfaces of the host such as HIV.
A Comprehensive Review of Research Literature on the Development of Childrens Drama in China -Using the Example of the Play Malanhua

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Childrens theater plays a significant role in the cultural landscape of theater and has a major impact on childrens education. In this study, the author uses a literature review method, focusing on the play Malanhua, to review the research progress in Chinese childrens theater, specifically in terms of script content, themes and so on. The research results on the innovation and development of stage design, characterization, and main theme of Chinese childrens theatre represented by Malanhua are summarized and concluded. With the changes in the times and the evolving societal needs, the perspective on children has also changed. Starting from the deep influence of political ideologies in the 1950s and 1960s to a return to nature in the 1980s, and then to catering to the market in the new century, these shifts have influenced the tendencies in character development, themes, script content and stage design in childrens theater. However, there are some tendencies that have remained constant, such as the increasingly successful fusion of Chinese traditional culture and Western culture in stage design, the understanding of the characters by the director and scriptwriter deepens in terms of character development, and the close connection between purpose and societal needs. Eventually, it was pointed out that deficiencies and limitations of research on childrens theater in China, like the lack of theoretical construction in childrens drama, the weak foundation of the history of childrens theater in China and so on.
Relationship between ethanol tolerance, lipid composition and plasma membrane fluidity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kloeckera apiculata

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The lipid composition of a strain of each of two yeasts, Saccharomyces csrevisiae and Kloeckera apiculata, with different ethanol tolerances, was determined for cells grown with or without added ethanol. An increase in the proportion of ergosterol, unsaturated fatty acid levels and the maintenance of phospholipid biosynthesis seemed to be responsible for ethanol tolerance. The association of ethanol tolerance of yeast cells with plasma membrane fluidity, measured by fluorescence anisotropy, is discussed. We propose that an increase in plasma membrane fluidity may be correlated with a decrease in the sterol: phospholipid and sterol: protein ratios and an increase in unsaturation index.
Impact of non-gravitational effects on chaotic properties of retrograde orbits

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Context. Dynamical studies of asteroid populations in retrograde orbits, that is with orbital inclinations greater than 90 degrees, are interesting because the origin of such orbits is still unexplained. Generally, the population of retrograde asteroids includes mostly Centaurs and transneptunian objects. A special case is the near-Earth object (343158) 2009 HC82 from the Apollo group. Another interesting object is the comet 333P/LINEAR, which for several years was considered the second retrograde object approaching Earth. Another comet in retrograde orbit, 161P Hartley/IRAS appears to be an object of similar type. Thanks to the large amount of observational data for these two comets, we tested various models of cometary non-gravitational forces applied to their dynamics. Aims. The goal was to estimate which of non-gravitational perturbations could affect the stability of retrograde bodies. In principle, we study the local stability by measuring the divergence of nearby orbits. Methods. We numerically determined Lyapunov characteristic indicators and the associated Lyapunov times (LT). This time, our calculations of these parameters were extended by more advanced models of non-gravitational perturbations (i.e. Yarkovsky drift and in selected cases cometary forces). This allowed us to estimate chaos in the Lyapunov sense. Results. We found that the Yarkovsky effect for obliquities of γ = 0° and γ = 180° can change the LT substantially. In most cases, for the prograde rotation, we received more stable solutions. Moreover, we confirmed the role of retrograde resonances in this process. Additionally, the studied cometary effects also significantly influence the long-term behaviour of the selected comets. The LT can reach values from 100 to over 1000 yr. Conclusions. All of our results indicate that the use of models with non-gravitational effects for retrograde bodies is clearly justified.
Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Two Artemisia Species: Analyses of Phenolic Profile and Anticancer Activities Against SW-480 Colon Cancer Cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Because Artemisia vulgaris L. and Artemisia alba Turra are traditional medicinal plants used for the treatment of different diseases, we evaluated the cytotoxic/apoptotic activity of ethyl acetate extracts from these natural products against human colon cancer cells SW-480. The extracts contained a large amount of the total polyphenols and flavonoids. The phenolic profile showed the presence of phenolic acids (gallic, p-coumaric, vanillic, and ferulic acids) and flavonoids (rutin, myricetin, luteolin, quercetin, and apigenin). 3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay indicated that antiproliferative activities of both A. vulgaris and A. alba extracts increased with the extension of time exposure, with decreasing IC 50 values. Mitomycin C (MMC) alone had antiproliferative activity, but in combination with plant extracts caused stronger effect with lower IC 50 values. Flow cytometry analyses showed that A. alba extract induced higher percentage of SW-480 cells in the early stage of apoptosis (33.5 ± 1.6 vs 0.7 ± 0.1, P < 0.05), whereas the A. vulgaris extract significantly increased the percentage of cells in necrosis (82.4 ± 5.0 vs 53.9 ± 2.3, P < 0.05). In conclusion, A. alba extract can be considered a potential source of bioactive components with anticancer activity or be used as a dietary food supplement or supplement to chemotherapy due to its synergistic effect with the MMC.