jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Hybrid Technique for Autologous Gluteal Augmentation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract This article accompanying these videos will describe the technique created and innovated by the senior author for gluteal augmentation with autologous fat transfer. While the principles of gluteal fat grafting originated with Pitanguy, Regnault, Gonazalez, and Spina, the nuances vary greatly from surgeon to surgeon. Although there is much controversy regarding gluteal fat grafting, the major principle of avoiding intramuscular injection is the central pillar of safe and effective augmentation today. The senior author fine-tuned his method to optimize patient outcomes over the past 14 years and demonstrated lasting, aesthetic results while maximizing patient safety with his technique. More recently, the senior surgeon has developed the Hybrid Technique, involving manual injection of fat through a syringe and a power-assisted cannula to maximize aesthetic outcomes while adhering to safety principles. This method follows the deep and moderate depth subcutaneous injection principle while respecting the muscular, neurovascular, and ligamentous anatomy of the buttock. Level of Evidence: 4
Variability in Galactomannan detection by platelia Aspergillus EIA™ according to the Aspergillus species

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Here we investigate the extent to which different Aspergillus species release galactomannan (GM) in vitro. Marked variability was observed in GM reactivity between and within Aspergillus species, with A. terreus strains showing the highest GM indexes. The in vivo significance of these findings remains to be determined.
Indigenous Empowerment in Land Management

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

I manage the Indigenous Landholders Service (ILS), a program within the Western Australian Department of Agriculture and Food.Though the department has been in existence for over 100 years, the ILS has only existed for 13 years.We work with Aboriginal landholders and the approach that we take is to primarily employ Indigenous Western Australians from the state's remote communities, its pastoral industry, its agricultural industry and from within the state government itself.The current team is solid and has essentially been together for five years -a
Strength of Concrete Struts in Three-Dimensional Strut-Tie Models

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The design of structural concrete using strut-tie models requires establishing the effective strength of concrete struts, ensuring sufficient anchorage of reinforcing bars in nodal zones, and the geometric compatibility of the strut-tie model within the member geometry. In this paper, a consistent and general method applicable to three-dimensional (3D) strut-tie models is presented. The proposed method includes the effects of 3D stresses associated with tensile strains in reinforcing bars crossing a strut, strut length, deviation angle between strut orientation and compressive principal stress flow, compressive strength of concrete, and degree of confinement provided by reinforcement. The proposed method is implemented and then verified using data from 115 reinforced concrete pile caps tested to failure.
Studies of phosphate dynamics during hemodialysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Regulation of phosphate (PO 4 ) in hemodialysis patients is very difficult and ideal levels are rarely maintained. A high removal and a normal phosphate level is important, as high and low levels are both associated with morbidity and a very high mortality. We studied phosphate dynamics and its relation to other small “uremic” molecules in 48 patients by measuring pre‐ and postdialysis levels and all removed phosphate, urea and creatinine (creat) in all dialysate during 455 dialyses done at different frequencies (freq): 3.7 ± 1.2, range 3–6 treatments per week and durations of dialysis (t): mean: 196 ± 95, range 80–560 min and with high (HF) and low flux membranes. Kt/V‐PO 4 , Kt/V‐urea and Kt/V‐creat, volumes (Vr) for all solutes and their relationships to frequency and duration of dialysis, urea clearance and predialysis phosphate were calculated. Factor/solute: PO 4 Urea‐N Creatinine Predialysis mg/dl 5.7 ± 1.9 73 ± 24 12 ± 3 Postdialysis mg/dl 3.0 ± 1.0 33 ± 15 6 ± 2 100 × Vr/BW 63 ± 78 58 ± 24 41 ± 15 Kt/V 1.01 ± 0.66 1.04 ± 0.32 0.97 ± 0.26 Weekly stdKt/V 1.75 ± 0.81 2.12 ± 0.68 1.96 ± 0.71 Removed gm/week 3.1 ± 1.3 56 ± 23 6.2 ± 2.5 Vr = removed solute ÷ (predialysis minus postdialysis concentration.); BW = body weight. Uf = ultrafiltration. Results: Vr as a percentage of BW for PO 4 was dependent on predialysis PO 4 and rose steeply as predialysis PO 4 decreased: Vr% BW = 212 − 88 × ln (predialysis PO 4 ), (r = 0.39, p < 0.0001). There was no such relationship for Vr for urea or creatinine and no relation between urea and PO 4 Vr, (r = 0.07, p = 0.141). In stepwise multiple regression analysis: Mg PO 4 removed per week = t × 6.5 + freq × 387 + Uf × 140 + pre‐PO4 × 273 + PO4 stdKt/V × 343 − HF × 375 − 1824, (r = 0.73, p < 0.0001). Blood flow(QB) and dialysate flow (QD), urea weekly stdKt/V were not significant variables in the model. Pre‐dialysis PO4 = 6.8 − Hrs/week × 0.07 − QB × 0.003 + Uf × 0.26. QD, membrane type or dialyses/week did not enter the model. Only patients dialyzing>28 hrs/week could stop phosphate binders within 3 weeks. Conclusions: Phosphate shows a highly variable dynamic during dialysis. Apparently, the body maintains extracellular PO 4 concentration by releasing PO 4 from unknown compartments when the blood concentration of PO 4 decreases. Vr for phosphate thus varies not only from patient to patient but also in a patient, depending on blood concentration of PO 4 . Kt/V for urea and creatinine are inaccurate in describing PO 4 removal. To remove PO 4 efficiently it is most important to use long and daily dialysis. QB, QD and membrane type are relatively unimportant in phosphate removal.
Using Standard Shape Grammars to Generate The Basic Types of Congregational Mosques

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Shape Grammars is among the recent concepts that have gained considerable significance for its multiple benefits for different fields. This concept with its applications had been evolved during the last thirty years within the field of architecture generally and Islamic architecture in particular. The main goal of the present research is to study the shape grammars of the congregational mosques basic types, analyzing them to conclude and define the shape rules that generate those types. Its significance comes from providing a more clear conception for the rules that had produced the basic types of congregational mosques with the possibility of reapplying the concluded rules to derive those types with their formal and syntactical properties. The research adopted (Standard Shape Grammar) which is interested in syntactical characteristics, formal relationships according to Euclidean transformations between different types regardless the different criteria and dimensions of each one. The research goal has been achieved by concluding the shape rules formulating the basic types of congregational mosques and reapplying the concluded rules to derive those typesto test their potentialities for the generation process.
Aids, Moral Panic and Opinion Polls

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article looks critically at the current literature about Aids and relates some of the assumptions to the concept of the `moral panic'. It discusses this concept in relation to what we know about mass communication effects today and looks at the encoding and decoding of messages in a specific social context. The article also examines the campaign on Aids which has been carried out in the UK and finally looks at the audience responses in opinion polls and in a small-scale study carried out at the Centre for Mass Communication Research, University of Leicester.
Entanglement Spectroscopy and probing the Li-Haldane Conjecture in\n Topological Quantum Matter

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Topological phases are characterized by their entanglement properties, which\nis manifest in a direct relation between entanglement spectra and edge states\ndiscovered by Li and Haldane. We propose to leverage the power of synthetic\nquantum systems for measuring entanglement via the Entanglement Hamiltonian to\nprobe this relationship experimentally. This is made possible by exploiting the\nquasi-local structure of Entanglement Hamiltonians. The feasibility of this\nproposal is illustrated for two paradigmatic examples realizable with current\ntechnology, an integer quantum Hall state of non-interacting fermions on a 2D\nlattice and a symmetry protected topological state of interacting fermions on a\n1D chain. Our results pave the road towards an experimental identification of\ntopological order in strongly correlated quantum many-body systems.\n
Beyond the Classroom Walls: Metacognitive awareness in traditional and online setting

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Objective – The aim of this study is to assess and compare the metacognitive awareness of university students in online and in-person learning environments. Secondly, the study aims to explore the students’ preferences for online and in-person learning to compare themetacognitive awareness of students based on their preferences. Methods – A total of 79 university students completed the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory, providing self-reported data on their metacognitive awareness. The study used a paired sample t-test to compare mean scores of metacognitive awareness between online and in-person classroom settings. Additionally, participants evaluated their experiences with online and in-person learning using a pairwise comparison as a scaling method. Results – The t-test results indicate statistically significant differences in metacognitive awareness between online and in-person classroom settings. Specifically, significant differences were found in declarative knowledge, procedural knowledge, conditional knowledge, planning, information management strategies, monitoring, debugging strategies, and evaluation of learning. Students showed higher levels of metacognitive awareness across all facets in traditional in-person learning setting. Descriptive analysis of scaling pairwise comparison revealed that online learning was strongly preferred for comfort, while in-person learning was preferred modality for motivation to study and active participation. In oppose to t-test results, ANOVA did not reveal significant differences in metacognitive awareness based on students’ preferences in online nor in traditional learning settings. Conclusions – The results provide valuable information on the metacognitive awareness and preferences of the students in two different learning environments.
Identification and bioactivity of the growth inhibitors in Tuber spp. methanolic extracts

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The methanolic extracts of fresh fruiting bodies of Tuber melanosporum, T. aestivum, T. magnatum and T. borchii were evaluated for their free fatty acids (FFAs) content to test their contribution to truffle allelopathic activity. Linoleic acid was the major FFA detected in all truffle species. In addition to linoleic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid were the other abundant FFAs in the Tuber spp. extracts. Looking at the total production, T. melanosporum and T. aestivum synthesized significantly higher amounts of all identified FFA than T. magnatum and T. borchii. The allelopathic activity, based on the specific activity (EC50) of the identified compounds, was evaluated in the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana, Lotus corniculatus, Melica ciliata and Silene vulgaris. Linoleic acid had the lowest specific activity and palmitic acid had the highest. The black truffle extracts had a higher inhibitory activity than white truffles, and this could be explained by the high relative amount of FFAs in them.
Study on Bacterial Endotoxins Test Limit of Streptomycin Sulfate for Injection

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

OBJECTIVE:To increase the bacterial endotoxin limit of Streptomycin sulfate for injection in accordance with the clinical usage and dosage,Guidance for Security Test of Chemical Injection,matching with international level.METHODS:The interference test and bacterial endotoxin test of 43 batches of Streptomycin sulfate for injection from 6 manufacturers were carried out in accordance with the bacterial endotoxin test approved by appendix Ⅱ of Chinese Pharmacopeia(2010 edition).RESULTS:Diluted to a concentration of 5 mg·mL-1,the samples showed no interference action on bacterial endotoxin test.The limit value of the bacterial endotoxin could be improved to contains less than 0.10 EU per mg of streptomycin.The results of the bacterial endotoxin test of the 43 batches of samples were all accorded with the standard of the established quality control.CONCLUSION:The endotoxin test of Streptomycin sulfate for injection could be increased from contains less than 0.25 EU per mg of streptomycin stated in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2010 edition) to contains less than 0.10 EU per mg of streptomycin,which reflects the requirements of drug combination in the clinic to guarantee the safety of drug use,and it consists with the bacterial endotoxin test stated in Japanese Standards of Antibiotics(2000 edition).
Inflammatory Cytokines Impair Endothelium-Dependent Dilatation in Human Veins In Vivo

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Endothelial dysfunction occurs in many diseases associated with increased cardiovascular risk. We examined the effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines on endothelial function. Methods and Results Subjects lay with one hand placed on an angled support. The diameter of a vein was recorded by measuring the linear displacement of a probe placed on the skin overlying the vein when the pressure in a congesting cuff placed around the upper arm was deflated from 40 to 0 mm Hg. A length of the vein was isolated by two wedges. TNF-α (1 ng), IL-1β (1 ng), or IL-6 (100 pg) were instilled for 1 hour, either individually or together. At the end of the hour, the wedges were removed and the vein reconnected with the circulation. Dose-response curves (bradykinin: 2, 4, and 8 pmol/min; arachidonic acid: 0.2, 2, and 20 nmol/min; and glyceryl trinitrate 1, 2, and 4 pmol/min) were constructed before and 1, 6, 24, and 48 hours after instillation. In another study, hydrocortisone (100 mg) was given 2 hours before the study. In a different study, subjects were given oral aspirin (75 mg or 1 g) 2 hours before the study. TNF-α and IL-1β alone but not IL-6 attenuated the dilatation to bradykinin and arachidonic acid; the response was greatest at 1 hour with recovery occurring by 6 hours. Combination of IL-1β and TNF-α prolonged the endothelial dysfunction, resulting in recovery at 24 hours. Hydrocortisone and high-dose aspirin prevented endothelial dysfunction. Conclusions The results demonstrate that pro-inflammatory cytokines induce transient and reversible endothelial dysfunction and indicate that cyclooxygenase activity may contribute to the genesis of the effect. If other vessels behave similarly, this may provide further insight into the mechanisms precipitating acute cardiovascular events after inflammatory disorders.
Context-aware Inductive Knowledge Graph Completion with Latent Type Constraints and Subgraph Reasoning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Inductive knowledge graph completion (KGC) aims to predict missing triples with unseen entities. Recent works focus on modeling reasoning paths between the head and tail entity as direct supporting evidence. However, these methods depend heavily on the existence and quality of reasoning paths, which limits their general applicability in different scenarios. In addition, we observe that latent type constraints and neighboring facts inherent in KGs are also vital in inferring missing triples. To effectively utilize all useful information in KGs, we introduce CATS, a novel context-aware inductive KGC solution. With sufficient guidance from proper prompts and supervised fine-tuning, CATS activates the strong semantic understanding and reasoning capabilities of large language models to assess the existence of query triples, which consist of two modules. First, the type-aware reasoning module evaluates whether the candidate entity matches the latent entity type as required by the query relation. Then, the subgraph reasoning module selects relevant reasoning paths and neighboring facts, and evaluates their correlation to the query triple. Experiment results on three widely used datasets demonstrate that CATS significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods in 16 out of 18 transductive, inductive, and few-shot settings with an average absolute MRR improvement of 7.2%.
Offsite Construction: An Opportunity for Improving Risk Management

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Offsite construction has now reached sufficient maturity to evidence significant improvements for construction projects. However, as this relatively new methodology to ‘traditional’ construction approaches, a number of new internal, external and project risks need to be evaluated; in particular, the disparities of traditional construction risk with offsite construction risk. This poses significant challenges, as a deeper and more meaningful understanding is often highly dependent on ‘conventional thinking’ versus ‘new/innovative thinking’ required for offsite. Acknowledging this tension, this research evaluates the different points between traditional construction risk and offsite construction risk. This paper proffers initial findings based on a literature review using qualitative analysis. Findings indicate that risk definition and assessment of construction process still needs further focus; particularly on the unique offsite processes, where risk categorisation requires additional work to support intrinsic verifiable solutions.
Extramedullary Hematopoiesis Niche in the Spleen

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hematopoiesis is a process in which the Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC’s) differentiate to give rise to all lineages of blood cells. In normal adults, HSC’s reside in the bone marrow (BM) and their cell niche (microenvironment) in the BM is well-studied in the literature. However, when the BM microenvironment is stressed or diseased, Hematopoiesis takes place in other hematopoietic organs. One of the primary hemic organs is the spleen, yet the mechanisms and microenvironments of the spleen that regulate hematopoiesis and HSC’s are not well investigated. By synthesizing articles from the literature, and comparing the spleen hematopoiesis niche to the bone marrow niche, this review will shed light on some of the factors and aspects that mediate hematopoiesis in the spleen microenvironments. It is important to understand how hematopoiesis operates in the spleen as it will provide insights into understanding hematological diseases and some prospective treatments.
First report of whole-genome analysis of an extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolate with bedaquiline, linezolid and clofazimine resistance from Uganda

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Uganda remains one of the countries with the highest burden of TB/HIV. Drug-resistant TB remains a substantial challenge to TB control globally and requires new strategic effective control approaches. Drug resistance usually develops due to inadequate management of TB patients including improper treatment regimens and failure to complete the treatment course which may be due to an unstable supply or a lack of access to treatment, as well as patient noncompliance. Methods Two sputa samples were collected from Xpert MTB/RIF® assay-diagnosed multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patient at Lira regional referral hospital in northern Uganda between 2020 and 2021 for comprehensive routine mycobacterial species identification and drug susceptibility testing using culture-based methods. Detection of drug resistance-conferring genes was subsequently performed using whole-genome sequencing with Illumina MiSeq platform at the TB Supranational Reference Laboratory in Uganda. Results In both isolates, extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) was identified including resistance to Isoniazid ( katG p.Ser315Thr), Rifampicin ( rpoB p.Ser450Leu), Moxifloxacin ( gyrA p.Asp94Gly), Bedaquiline ( Rv0678 Glu49fs), Clofazimine ( Rv0678 Glu49fs), Linezolid ( rplC Cys154Arg), and Ethionamide ( ethA c.477del). Further analysis of these two high quality genomes revealed that this 32 years-old patient was infected with the Latin American Mediterranean TB strain (LAM). Conclusions This is the first identification of extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates with bedaquiline, linezolid and clofazimine resistance from Uganda. These acquired resistances were because of non-adherence as seen in the patient's clinical history. Our study also strongly highlights the importance of combating DR-TB in Africa through implementing next generation sequencing that can test resistance to all drugs while providing a faster turnaround time. This can facilitate timely clinical decisions in managing MDR-TB patients with non-adherence or lost to follow-up.
Evidence that phosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein Tau by SAPK4/p38δ at Thr50 promotes microtubule assembly

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Phosphorylation regulates both normal and pathological Tau functioning. This microtubule-associated protein plays a role in the organization and integrity of the neuronal cytoskeleton under normal conditions and becomes hyperphosphorylated and aggregated in a number of neurodegenerative diseases referred to as tauopathies. In this study, we identify and compare the residues in human Tau phosphorylated in vitro by all four p38 MAPK isoforms, and study the regulation of the phosphorylation of Thr50, under conditions where p38 MAPKs are active in cells. Through biochemical analysis, loss of function studies and analysis of endogenous and overexpressed Tau proteins, we show that SAPK4/p38δ is the major kinase phosphorylating Thr50 in Tau, when cells are exposed to osmotic stress. We also show that mutation of Thr50 to glutamic acid, which mimics phosphorylation, increases the ability of Tau to promote tubulin polymerisation in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we show that Thr50 is phosphorylated in filamentous Tau from Alzheimer's disease brain. These findings suggest a role for Tau in the adaptative response of neurons to stress and indicate that SAPK4/p38δ and/or SAPK3/p38δ may contribute to the hyperphosphorylation of Tau in the human tauopathies.