jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial actifity of kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) leaf ethanol extract to against Klebsiella pneumoniae

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Infectious diseases caused by bacteria in generals can be cured using antibacterial. The use of antibacterials tends to cause local hypersensitivity either on the skin or mucous membranes so that their use is starting to be reduced. Therefore, the development of natural antibacterials made from plants to reduce resistance is very necessary. kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) is one of the plants that has been shown to have activity in inhibiting bacterial growth. This research is an experimental study that aims to determine the effectiveness of the ethanol extract of the leaves of kecombrang in inhibiting the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria in vitro. The method used is the well method with a completely randomized design. The sample came from the Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria culture. Kecombrang leaf ethanol extract was made in concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. The extract was tested onKlebsiella pneumoniae bacteria and observed for the formation of inhibition zones. Inhibition the results of the zone measuremens were then analyzed descriptively. The results showed kecombrang leaf ethanol extract 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% produce inhibition zone diameter 1.9 mm; 2.6 mm; 7.7 mm; 12.1 mm; and 14.7 mm, 0.4 mm for the negative control and positive control 22.0 mm. Concentration 100% has better antibacterial ability due to higher compound content. The test results show the class of secondary metaboliteskecombrang leaf ethanol extract contains flavonoids, tannin, and saponin. The conclusion of this study that the ethanol extract of kecombrang leaves
Clinical outcomes and disease progression among patients coinfected with HIV and human T lymphotropic virus types 1

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The goal of this study was to investigate clinical outcomes and survival probabilities among persons coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T lymphotropic viruses types 1 and 2 (HTLV-I/II). A nonconcurrent cohort study of 1033 HIV-infected individuals was also conducted. Sixty-two patients were coinfected with HTLV-I, and 141 patients were coinfected with HTLV-II. HTLV-I/II coinfection was highly associated with African-American race/ethnicity, age of 136 years, higher CD4+ T cell count at baseline and over time, and history of injection drug use. Coinfected patients were more likely to have neurologic com-plications, thrombocytopenia, respiratory and urinary tract infections, and hepatitis C. Despite having higher CD4+ T cell counts over time, there was no difference in the incidence of opportunistic infections. Progression to both acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.50; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.25–0.98) and death (aHR, 0.57, 95 % CI, 0.37–0.89) were slower among HTLV-II–coinfected patients, compared with time-entry – and CD4+ T cell count–matched control subjects. In conclusion, HIV– HTLV-I/II coinfection may result in improved survival and delayed progression to AIDS, but this happens at the expense of an increased frequency of other of clinical complications. The human T lymphotropic viruses types 1 and 2 (HTLV-I and HTLV-II, respectively) have emerged as
Enhancement of Non-air Conduct Speech Based on Multi-band Spectral Subtraction Method

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The spread of speech is not only depending upon the air, but by means of other medium. This study reports a new speech detecting method by using EMW Radar. However, the combined noise which is added in the detected speech decreased the speech quality to a large extent, since noise is mostly colored and does not affect the speech signal uniformly over the entire spectrum. This study, therefore, propose a multi-band spectral subtraction approach which takes into account the fact that colored noise affects the speech spectrum differently at various frequencies. The results suggest that this method achieves a better reduction of the whole-frequency noise, as well as musical noise, and yields good speech quality.
The Queer Time of the Lesbian Premodern

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Walter Benjamin’s “Theses on the Philosophy of History” move through the lexicons of recent critical and queer theory, spectrally accompanying rethinkings of time, event, and the past, present, and future.2 States of emergency demand it, as do life inside times of war and states of exception that have become (or were they always?) historical norm.3 At such times critics and theorists look to others who have spoken during states of emergency and tried to teach us. These are the ghosts Jacques Derrida writes about as the paternal and quasi-paternal figures who rise up to warn and admonish and enjoin us, like the ghost of Hamlet’s father or like Abraham’s God, to attend to the way “the time is out of joint” and to assume, as Hamlet calls it, the “cursèd” ethical and political burden of setting it right, to sacrifice ourselves in a “vanishing present” and in the name of a future to come, without knowledge of what setting it right entails for a future we cannot know.4
THE SOURCES OF EPISTEMIC BELIEFS OF PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS AND IT'S CORRELATES

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Beliefs about knowledge and knowing directly impact pre-service teachers' teaching and learning strategies. The study was conducted on the pre-service teachers of Lucknow city (U.P.). The purpose of this study was to investigate the entire process of the development of epistemic beliefs of pre-service teachers. This study aimed to examine the sources of epistemic beliefs, how they change over time, and how their beliefs influence pre-service teachers' teaching strategies and learning outcomes. Through purposive sampling technique, participants in this study included 200 pre-service teachers (93 male; 107 female) of Lucknow city. A 50-item questionnaire was used to measure the epistemic beliefs of pre-service teachers. Factor analysis was used for data interpretation. The findings of this study indicated the influence of authority and surroundings on the development of pre-service teachers' epistemic beliefs, which may change from the beginning to the end of their teachers' training courses.
Optimal binary phase-only matched filters

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Many spatial light modulators and computer-generated hologram techniques can very efficiently implement binary phase-only filters. At present, almost all binary phase-only filters are designed by first designing a matched spatial filter and then binarizing it. There is no theoretical basis to expect that such a filter will be optimal. This paper first develops a theory for optimal binary phase-only filters and then presents a numerical algorithm which designs the optimal binary phase-only matched filter for a given image. The filter is optimal in the matched filter sense of maximizing SNR at the output origin. Characteristics of the optimal filter compared to conventional binary phase-only filters are discussed.
Finite-temperature properties of one-dimensional hard-core bosons in a quasiperiodic optical lattice

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the properties of impenetrable bosons confined in a one-dimensional lattice at finite temperature in the presence of an additional incommensurate periodic potential. Relying on the exact Fermi-Bose mapping, we study the effects of temperature on the one-particle density matrix and related quantities such as the momentum distribution function and the natural orbitals. We found evidence of a finite-temperature crossover related to the zero-temperature superfluid-to-Bose-glass transition that induces a delocalization of the lowest natural orbitals.
Percutaneous Retrieval and Redeployment of an Atrial Septal Occluder under Three-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiographic Guidance: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Percutaneous device closure for secundum atrial septal defects (ASDs) has been performed commonly and safely with high success rates. However, it is still challenging to close ASDs that are surrounded with deficient or hypermobile rims and could be compromised with an unexpected migration of device. We report a case of percutaneous Amplazter Septal Occluder (ASO; St. Jude Medical Inc., St. Paul, Minnesota, USA) device closure for an ASD with a thin and floppy interatrial septum, which immediately migrated into the right atrium and was not pulled back into the delivery sheath. To our knowledge, this is the first report on a successful percutaneous retrieval and redeployment of the device in such a situation, preventing any vascular injury or unplanned emergency open heart surgery.
[2003 clinical practice guideline: Standards, Options and Recommendations for pain assessment in adult and children with cancer (summary report)].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This article is a summary version of the full document presenting the clinical practice guidelines with algorithms. The main recommendations concern the means used to evaluate pain and its consequences and their use in specific cases (acute or chronic pain, patients able to communicate or not, children under or over 6 years old). Others recommendations were also established concerning the evaluation ofpsychological, social and family context, the evaluation of pain in hospital or at home, in terminal phase patients and for the establishment of a therapeutic strategy and follow-up of patient with pain.
Survival of breeders in a Danish Black-legged Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla colony - a capture-mark-recapture study

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Black-legged Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla is one of the most numerous seabirds in the North Atlantic, but during the last couple of decades there have been reports of widespread large declines in breeding populations. In some areas, these declines are believed to be linked to lack of prey (Lesser Sandeel Ammodytes marinus) due to industrial fishing and increasing sea surface temperatures. In this paper, we explore the effect of sea surface temperature and age on survival of adult breeders in a small and relatively stable Danish colony of Black-legged Kittiwakes from 1992 to 2010. We found that survival did not vary significantly over the study period (mean 0.82), but was lower than reported from other studies. This could be due to a trade-off between reproduction and survival, leading to a lower survival, or it could be due to a high emigration leading to a too low estimate. Sea surface temperature had no effect on survival, contrary to other studies. Danish Black- legged Kittiwakes may rely on a food source which is not affected by the sea temperatures, either other species of fish or fishery discards. Finally, we found that survival decreased with age, in line with other studies.
Statistical information system of the Republic of Belarus: experience and perspectives

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Making optimal decisions in the context of economic integration with the European Union requires a creation of the harmonized information system within the framework of the Eastern Partnership. Therefore, the official statistics plays a more important role in questions related to improvement of statistical methodology, establishment of information resources, development and implementation of the common standards of statistical data provision and sharing. It is evident that such an information system must be created with consideration for capacities of national statistical systems of the Eastern Partnership member countries. Presently, the cooperation between the National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus and the Statistical Office of the European Communities has become fairly stable. The Belstat regularly provides the statistics on the following topics: foreign trade, demographics and annual data reflecting socio-economic development of the country (Eurostat questionnaire for countries with economies in transition). The global assessment of Belarusian statistics, carried out in 2007 by Eurostat, showed that Belarus has a comprehensive, consistent, and well established statistical information system which includes all statistical domains allowing for provision of comparable data in most areas. One of the possible directions for developing the information sharing and creation of the harmonized information system is the use of SDMX international standards (sharing of statistical data and metadata) which are used in the European Statistical System and define a general information model, technical specifications and formats of structured aggregated statistical data and metadata. Today, within the framework of the State Programme of Creation of the Integrated Information System of State Statistics of the Republic of Belarus, organizational and technical solutions designed to maintain a common metadatabase and a summary information database are under development, with XML format used for data presentation. Based on Eurostat's experience of development and implementation of standards, the creation of the harmonized information system within the European Partnership must include stages for analysis of national information systems, employed approaches to metadata structure description, definition of techniques for data conversion in order to meet requirements of technical part of the standard, development of appropriate software for conversion. It is evident that the creation of the harmonized information system within the framework of the Eastern Partnership, first of all, requires a detailed coordination between statistical offices of the programme's member countries
Using a Statistical-Numerical Procedure for the Selection of Pumps running as Turbines to be applied in Water Pipelines: Study Cases

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A combined method using statistical and numerical models has been developed by the authors for selecting a pump running as turbine to be applied in micro-hydro plants. The data of the hydrological site chosen for the installation (head and capacity) allow the calculation of two conversion factors which identify the pump to use successfully as turbine in that place. Then, a one-dimensional model, starting from data available on the pumps manufacturers catalogues, reconstructs a virtual geometry of the pump running as turbine, and calculates the performances curves, head vs. capacity, efficiency vs. capacity, useful for identifying the operating point. Two study cases are presented to apply the proposed methodology, concerning the feasibility of the installation of a pump running as turbine in the purifier water plants of Casali and Sersale, located at 1,000 m above sea level (Calabria, South Italy).The assessment of the annual energy yield gives a confirmation of the effectiveness and convenience of using pumps running as turbines.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Early rescue of lymphatic function limits atherosclerosis progression in Ldlr-/- mice.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Our previous data showed that lymphatic function impairment occurs before the onset of atherosclerosis in mice and is precociously associated with a defect in the propelling capacity of the collecting lymphatic vessels. Concomitantly, we found that lymphatic transport can be restored in mice by systemic injections of a mutant form of VEGF-C (VEGF-C 152s), a growth factor known to increase mesenteric collecting lymphatic vessel pumping through a VEGFR-3-dependent mechanism in rats. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether and how early modulation of collecting lymphatic vessel function could restrain atherosclerosis onset and limit its progression.METHODS: Before the administration of a pro-atherosclerotic regimen, Ldlr-/- mice at 6 weeks of age were injected intraperitoneally with VEGF-C 152s or PBS every other day for 4 weeks, fed on high fat diet (HFD) for an additional 8 weeks to promote plaque progression, and switched back on chow diet for 4 more weeks to stabilize the lesion.RESULTS: Early treatment with VEGF-C first improved lymphatic molecular transport in 6-week-old Ldlr-/- mice and subsequently limited plaque formation and macrophage accumulation, while improving inflammatory cell migration through the lymphatics in HFD-fed mice. The contraction frequency of the collecting lymphatic vessels was significantly increased following treatment throughout the whole atherosclerotic process and resulted in enhanced plaque stabilization. This early and maintained rescue of the lymphatic dysfunction was associated with an upregulation of VEGFR3 and FOXC2 expression on lymphatic endothelial cells.CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that early treatments that specifically target the lymphatic contraction capacity prior to lesion formation might be a novel therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PMID: 30851674 Funding information This work was supported by: CIHR, Canada
Tetracycline Resistance in Escherichia coli and Persistence in the Infantile Colonic Microbiota

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The ecological impact of antibiotic resistance in the absence of selective pressure has been poorly studied. We assessed the carriage of tetracycline resistance genes, persistence in the microbiota, fecal population counts and virulence factor genes in 309 commensal, intestinal Escherichia coli strains obtained from 128 Swedish infants followed during the first year of life with regular quantitative fecal cultures. No infant was given tetracycline, but 25% received other antibiotics. Tetracycline resistance was identified in 12% of strains, all of which carried either tet (A) (49%) or tet (B) (51%) genes. Resistance to other antibiotics occurred in 50% of tet (A)-positive strains, 42% of tet (B)-positive strains and 13% of tetracycline-sensitive strains. However, colonization with tetracycline-resistant strains was unrelated to treatment with antibiotics. Strains that were tet (B)- or tet (A)-positive carried the genes for P fimbriae and aerobactin, respectively, more often than susceptible strains. Tetracycline-resistant and -susceptible strains were equally likely to persist among the intestinal microbiota for ≥3 weeks and had similar population numbers. However, when a resistant strain and a susceptible strain colonized a child simultaneously, the resistant variety showed lower counts ( P = 0.03). In cases of long-term colonization by initially tetracycline-resistant E. coli strains, loss of tet genes occurred in 3 of 13 cases with variable effects on population counts. The results indicate that there is limited pressure against the carriage of tet genes in the infantile gut microbiota even in the absence of antibiotics. Resistant strains may possess colonization factors that balance the cost of producing resistance elements.
Institutions and Cooperation in an Ecology of Games

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Social dilemmas have long been studied formally as cooperation games that pit individual gains against those of the group. In the real world, individuals face an ecology of games where they play many such games simultaneously, often with overlapping co-players. Here, we study an agent-based model of an ecology of public goods games and compare the effectiveness of two institutional mechanisms for promoting cooperation: a simple institution of limited group size (capacity constraints) and a reputational institution based on observed behavior. Reputation is shown to allow much higher relative payoffs for cooperators than do capacity constraints, but only if (1) the rate of reputational information flow is fast enough relative to the rate of social mobility, and (2) cooperators are relatively common in the population. When these conditions are not met, capacity constraints are more effective at protecting the interests of cooperators. Because of the simplicity of the limited-group-size rule, capacity constraints can also generate social organization, which promotes cooperation much more quickly than can reputation. Our results are discussed in terms of both normative prescriptions and evolutionary theory regarding institutions that regulate cooperation. More broadly, the ecology-of-games approach developed here provides an adaptable modeling framework for studying a wide variety of problems in the social sciences.
Whitebacked Planthopper (WBPH) and Leaffolder (LF) in Haryana

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This article 'Whitebacked Planthopper (WBPH) and Leaffolder (LF) in Haryana' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.