jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Choroidal melanoma, simulating an optic nerve tumor: a clinical case

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Choroidal melanoma is a primary malignant intraocular tumor with unfavorable vital prognosis. Factors predisposing to invasion of choroidal melanoma into the optic nerve include its juxtapapillary localization, the large tumor size, its diffuse growth, the presence of necrosis in the tumor, increased intraocular pressure and the epithelioid cell type of the tumor. The authors describe the clinical case of a 31-year-old patient with a primary diagnosis of an optic nerve neoplasm. Peripapillary edema and indistinct optic disc margins were found by ophthalmoscopy. There was a slightly protruding gray-slate lesion with indistinct boundaries near the optic nerve disc. The retina was edematous with multiple merging hemorrhages. The data obtained by echography (the focus protruding both inside the eye and along the optic nerve trunk), color Doppler mapping (single own vessels in the projection of the orbital part of the mass) and computed tomography allowed for the suspicion of the primary choroidal melanoma. To clarify the nature of the process, a trans-conjunctival orbitotomy with a revision of the orbit and the optic nerve was performed. The expansion of the proximal part of the optic nerve with partial breakthrough of the optic nerve shells was revealed intraoperatively. The patient underwent enucleation with morphological and molecular genetic verification of the primary choroidal melanoma with invasion of the optic nerve. The data obtained (absence of chromosome 3 monosomy, deletion of the short arm of chromosome 1, methylation of promoter regions of the RASSF1A gene, mutations in the 4 and 5 exons of the GNAQ gene, CT genotype of the polymorphic marker C3435T of the ABCB1 gene) indicate a relatively favorable vital prognosis, despite the extrascleral growth of the tumor and its mixed cell type. The patient underwent a course of anti-relapse proton irradiation of the orbit with a total dose of 58.8 Gy at 80–90% isodose. Currently, 7 years after the treatment, the patient continues to be followed up by ophthalmologists and oncologists, without any signs of local recurrence and distant metastases. This clinical example demonstrates the possibility of extraocular extension of a small intraocular choroidal melanoma simulating an optic nerve tumor, and confirms the need for a thorough clinical and instrumental examination for a correct diagnosis and adequate management of the patient.
A Machine Learning Approach to Automating Bengali Voice Based Gender Classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Does thicker vocal folds produce sounds with longer wavelength? And can they produce higher pitches to human ears? We address these types of questions and try to identify the difference between male and female voices. By using Machine learning algorithm it's possible to identify the gender from voices. And for that we extract voice signal's MFCCs features by calculating Discrete Fourier Transform, Mel-spaced filter-bank and log filter-bank energies. Identify gender from natural voice can be one of the most important part of voice recognition. In normal voice to text conversion it's not important to detect the voices gender. But when we use this voice recognition for real life applications, it will be densely needed to identify the voices gender. Gender identifying from voice is a field of Natural language processing which is a branch of artificial intelligence. We followed a simple working sequence for getting the ultimate result. The sequence is, Input-audio-file, Pre-works, Feature Extraction, Creating CSV file with features, Train the model and finally test with test data. For feature extraction we used Mel-frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC). And for mapping and selection we used Logistic Regression, Random Forest and Gradient Boosting. After all this work we get 99.13% accuracy on the dataset that containing 1652 data of more than 250 speakers and tested them with 400 male and 400 female voices.
The endocrine cells of the chicken proventriculus.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The endocrine cells of the chicken proventriculus were investigated by selective staining techniques, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. The following endocrine cell types were identified: 1) Argyrophilic ECL-cells, of unknown function, were very numerous in the 21-day-old chick, but less numerous in the newborn chick; 2) somatostatin-producing D-cells; 3) GLI-cells producing glucagon-related peptides; 4) X-cells of unknown function; 5) BN-cells producing bombesin; and 6) relatively few 5-hydroxytryptamine-producing EC-cells. Each of these cell types show a distinct morphology, distribution and histochemical reactivity. With the exception of BN-cells, they resemble rather closely the corresponding endocrine cell types previously described in the oxyntic mucosa (EGL, D, X and EC cells) or in the intestinal mucosa (L-cells) of the mammalian gut.
Larvicidal Activity of Essential Oil of Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) in Com-parison with Its Major Constituent, Eugenol, against Anopheles stephensi

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: In this study, larvicidal activity of clove essential oil (EO), as a green and relatively potent larvicide, was compared with its main constituent, Eugenol, against Anopheles stephensi. Methods: High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the amount of eugenol, major constituent of clove EO. In addition, larvicidal activity of clove EO and eugenol was evaluated against An. stephensi. Results: The amount of eugenol in clove EO was determined as 67% using HPLC analysis. LC50 and LC90 of clove EO (57.49 and 93.14ppm, respectively) were significantly lower than those of eugenol (86.96 and 128.18 ppm, re­spectively). Conclusion: EO showed more effective than its major component. Considering the lower cost of the essential oil and lower risk in occurrence of resistance in larvae, use of clove EO is preferred as larvicide in comparison with eugenol, against An. stephensi.
Site stability assessment on a clay loam upland range site

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Ground cover, species composition, average distance between perennial plants, standing biomass, frequency of bare quadrats, and site stability rating were evaluated as predictor variables in determining the degree of site protection from accelerated soil erosion on a clay loam upland range site. Interpretations of range condition, species diversity, and the WEPP model predicted sediment yield were analyzed to determine their usefulness in detecting a threshold of site protection. Standing biomass, basal cover, average distance between plants and frequency of bare quadrats demonstrated strong correlations to the site stability rating and were useful in examining thresholds of site protection. The WEPP model was useful in determining a threshold of protection with the site stability rating. The diversity index and range condition rating showed poor relationships with the stability indices and plant community attributes measured. Thus, individually, these ratings do not provide and adequate assessment of the degree of site protection.
Classification of help-seeking stigma among students based on personality traits and mental well-being

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Personality is significant in distinguishing the individual differences in the characteristic patterns of human thinking, feeling and behavior. By extension, there is a likelihood that personality can influence the development of self-stigma of getting psychological help among individuals. However, no research has investigated the effect of personality factors on the stigma related to obtaining psychological help. The study aims to fill the existing literature gap concerning the relationship between personality traits, mental well-being, and self-stigma of obtaining psychological help. The association between these factors among 86 students in a Malaysian university was investigated using logistic regression and decision tree learner. The experimental results recorded an accuracy of 0.778 and Cohen’s Kappa score of 0.455 for Logistic Regression and an accuracy of 0.833 and a Cohen’s Kappa score of 0.571 for the decision tree learner. The findings of this paper proved that the personality traits of a student can determine his/her self-stigma towards getting psychological help, and ironically mental health does not help in determining the self-stigma towards seeking help.
Agency Theory and the Motivational Effect of Management Compensation

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Agency research has concluded that executive compensation through fixed salary promotes managerial opportunism, whereas equity ownership promotes managers' compliance with stockholders' interests. Using an experimental design, this study examined the extent to which these motivational effects of compensation are conditioned by the level of board control and conditions in the managerial labor market. Participants' opportunistic behavior was negatively affected by the level of board control. This effect was reinforced by high fixed salary compensation and favorable conditions in the managerial labor market.
On the Stability of Multilinear Dynamical Systems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper investigates the stability properties of discrete-time multilinear dynamical systems via tensor spectral theory. In particular, if the dynamic tensor of a multilinear dynamical system is orthogonally decomposable (odeco), we can construct its explicit solution by exploiting tensor Z-eigenvalues and Z-eigenvectors. Based on the form of the explicit solution, we illustrate that the Z-eigenvalues of the dynamic tensor play a significant role in the stability analysis, offering necessary and sufficient conditions. In addition, by utilizing the upper bounds of Z-spectral radii, we are able to determine the asymptotic stability of the multilinear dynamical system efficiently. Furthermore, we extend the stability results to the multilinear dynamical systems with non-odeco dynamic tensors by exploiting tensor singular values. We demonstrate our results via numerical examples.
Spontaneous perforated Meckels diverticulum in adults: a case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Meckel’s diverticulum (MD) is a common congenital gastrointestinal anomaly in children and is rarely diagnosed in adults. Hemorrhage, obstruction, and inflammation are the three most common complications resulting from Meckel’s diverticulum. Perforated MD is very rare and mimics a perforated appendix on presentation.
Case Presentation: We report a case of spontaneous perforated MD in an adult female patient who presented with localized abdominal pain for 2 days. This pain gets worse and is progressively generalized to the whole abdomen. On physical examination her abdomen was distended with guarding. Based on the imaging, a provisional diagnosis of infectious enteritis was carried out. The patient was vitally unstable in which the patient pushed to operating room for exploratory laparotomy. Intraoperative findings of perforated MD were seen. Segmental resection with an end-to-end anastomosis was carried out and the patient uneventfully recovered well.
Conclusion: Diagnosis of MD in adults is challenging as its occurrence is rare, but it should be kept in mind. Early diagnosis with proper intervention provides the best outcomes and fewer complications.
Tolstoy's War and Peace

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This is a collection of eight essays by world-renowned philosophers and literary critics. By examining the narrative structure of Tolstoy’s War and Peace, as well as the struggles and destinies of the central characters, the authors offer in-depth analyses of the rich and multilayered topics of the novel. These topics range from those of war and peace, of the possibility of historical truths, and of freedom and determination, to issues about friendship, love, living, and dying. Underlying all these discussions is the examination of Tolstoy’s preoccupation with the pursuits of truth, goodness, and beauty in a world replete with deceptions, destructions, and artificiality. Taken together, the essays suggest that Tolstoy’s novel leaves open the door for the possibility of objective values and judgments, as well as for the possibility of discerning some fundamental truths regarding the value and meaning of human life. The novel’s abundant accounts of complex and multifaceted interactions among facts and values, as well as of the intrusion of the extraordinary into the ordinary, challenge readers to reflect on fundamental truths in the context of such interactions and intrusions—if they can only give full attention to what is present, rather than be carried away by constant anticipations of what may come next.
Integrating AlphaFold and deep learning for atomistic interpretation of cryo-EM maps

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Interpretation of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) maps requires building and fitting 3D atomic models of biological molecules. AlphaFold-predicted models generate initial 3D coordinates; however, model inaccuracy and conformational heterogeneity often necessitate labor-intensive manual model building and fitting into cryo-EM maps. In this work, we designed a protein model-building workflow, which combines a deep-learning cryo-EM map feature enhancement tool, CryoFEM (Cryo-EM Feature Enhancement Model) and AlphaFold. A benchmark test using 36 cryo-EM maps shows that CryoFEM achieves state-of-the-art performance in optimizing the Fourier Shell Correlations between the maps and the ground truth models. Furthermore, in a subset of 17 datasets where the initial AlphaFold predictions are less accurate, the workflow significantly improves their model accuracy. Our work demonstrates that the integration of modern deep learning image enhancement and AlphaFold may lead to automated model building and fitting for the atomistic interpretation of cryo-EM maps.
“I Want to Satisfy Two Kinds of Love”: Filial Piety, Mother-Daughter Bonding, and Romantic Love in Feng Yuanjun’s Short Stories

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT: This paper examines filial piety, mother-daughter bonding, and romantic love in the short stories of Feng Yuanjun (1900–1974). I argue that filial piety and mother-daughter bonding are not always harmonious but rather are constructed antithetically, demonstrating the complexity of female kinship in Chinese women’s literature. Furthermore, maternal love is depicted as permanent and transcendent while romantic love is transient and happenstance. Mothers in Feng’s works are the moral force of the entire family and a source of love and support for their daughters, challenging the prevailing conception that Chinese mothers are merely agents of Confucian patriarchy. Overall, I assert that Feng Yuanjun’s works complement, revise, and undermine the male-centered anti-filial piety and anti-family discourse of the May Fourth movement, departing from the individualistic free love model.
THE BALLAD DANCE OF THE FAEROESE: ISLAND BIOCULTURAL GEOGRAPHY IN AN AGE OF GLOBALISATION

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Boundary issues are central to globalisation – the expansion and time‐space integration of human societies – and to both biological and cultural diversity. The latter are, in turn, intrinsically related in processes of coevolution that generate change in the patchwork quilt of cultural and natural landscapes. These processes are especially discernible in small island societies. This paper argues that island studies can enhance our understanding of globalisation processes and how these are involved in the displacement of boundaries and the historically unprecedented decline in both biological and cultural diversity.
Characterization of Porphyromonas gingivalis-Induced Degradation of Epithelial Cell Junctional Complexes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Porphyromonas gingivalis is considered among the etiological agents of human adult periodontitis. Although in vitro studies have shown that P. gingivalis has the ability to invade epithelial cell lines, its effect on the epithelial barrier junctions is not known. Immunofluorescence analysis of human gingival epithelial cells confirmed the presence of tight-junction (occludin), adherens junction (E-cadherin), and cell-extracellular matrix junction (Î²1-integrin) transmembrane proteins. These transmembrane proteins are expressed in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. In addition, MDCK cells polarize and therefore serve as a useful in vitro model for studies on the epithelial cell barrier. Using the MDCK cell system, we examined the effect of P. gingivalis on epithelial barrier function. Exposure of the basolateral surfaces of MDCK cells to P. gingivalis (>109 bacteria/ml) resulted in a decrease in transepithelial resistance. Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated decreases in the amounts of immunoreactive occludin, E-cadherin, and Î²1-integrin at specific times which were related to a disruption of cell-cell junctions in MDCK cells exposed to basolateral P. gingivalis. Disruption of cell-cell junctions was also observed upon apical exposure to bacteria; however, the effects took longer than those seen upon basolateral exposure. Cell viability was not affected by either basolateral or apical exposure to P. gingivalis. Western blot analysis demonstrated hydrolysis of occludin, E-cadherin, and Î²1-integrin in lysates derived from MDCK cells exposed to P. gingivalis. Immunoprecipitated occludin and E-cadherin molecules from MDCK cell lysates were also degraded by P. gingivalis, suggesting a bacterial protease(s) capable of cleaving these epithelial junction transmembrane proteins. Collectively, these data suggest that P. gingivalis is able to invade the deeper structures of connective tissues via a paracellular pathway by degrading epithelial cell-cell junction complexes, thus allowing the spread of the bacterium. These results also indicate the importance of a critical threshold concentration of P. gingivalis to initiate epithelial barrier destruction.
Image processing system for qualitative road traffic data analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Road traffic data analysis system has been a main concern of traffic engineer to optimize the road traffic and reduce the vehicle incident rate. This project aims to develop a high efficiency and high accuracy traffic analysis system, so that it can be used in real time road traffic detection system to monitor traffic flow and collect statistical data to further optimize the road traffic condition. The comparative data analysis of several image processing techniques is illustrated in this report. The image processing techniques include background difference, inter-frame difference, binary conversion, edge detectors and quadtree decomposition methods. Upon the data analysis, an optimal image processing techniques can be applied to detect vehicle for further implementation and analysis. Different image processing techniques have different characteristic, advantages, and disadvantages. Road traffic sample was recorded and before undergoing the image processing techniques in the system, the video was extracted into frames. The comparative analysis was carried out based on several brightness adjustments. In addition, the execution time and accuracy represent a system efficiency especially in real-time image processing system. A comparison result on the execution time of different image processing techniques is also presented in this report.
People with intellectual disabilities’ experiences of psychological therapy: A systematic review and meta-ethnography

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The effectiveness of a range of psychological models adapted for use with people with intellectual disabilities has been well documented. A number of studies have used qualitative methods to examine people with intellectual disabilities’ experiences of these adapted interventions. Such research is important for identifying service users’ views on the helpful and challenging aspects of psychological interventions to ensure that they meet the needs of people with intellectual disabilities. To consolidate this research, a systematic review using a meta-ethnographic approach was undertaken. A systematic search identified 16 relevant studies. These studies were reviewed, critically appraised and key themes were extracted. Five key concepts were identified: adapting to therapy, the therapeutic environment, group dynamics, the therapeutic relationship and the impact of therapy on life. The need for further consideration of power differentials within the therapeutic relationship and further adaptations to ensure accessibility of therapy for people with intellectual disabilities is discussed.
TAKO - The new PLTCM at Thyssen Krupp Stahl AG in Beeckerwerth works

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

\n \nThe new tandem mill of TKS was built as a five stand all six high mill and coupled \nwith the pickling line in 2001. TAKO is equipped with a new generation of electrical \ncontrol system. It guarantees best accuracy for product quality and tolerances right \nup to the edge of the strip.\n\n
In Vitro Antibiotic Susceptibility of <i>Francisella tularensis</i> Isolates from Japan

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The antibiotic susceptibilities of 36 isolates of Japanese Francisella tularensis, an etiological agent of the zoonotic disease tularemia, were analyzed using the E test. All the isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, erythromycin, and gentamicin but resistant to benzylpenicillin and cephalothin. The susceptibility to seven other β-lactams (aztreonam, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, imipenem, and meropenem) varied among the isolates. These findings suggest that the guidelines for the antibiotic treatment of tularemia issued by the World Health Organization are appropriate for Japanese tularemia patients.
A Systematic Study of the Behaviour of PMEPR in Relation to OFDM Design Parameters

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The design of systems with enhanced quality of service (QoS) and improved power efficiency has evolved into an intensive research area in wired and wireless communications engineering. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been proven to have the potential to achieve high data rates, adapt to severe channel conditions and exhibit spectral efficiency; this has gained its popular support in the design industry, especially for fourth generation (4G) systems. However, the high peak to mean envelope power ratio (PMEPR) exhibited by OFDM signals require linear operation of analog devices, with the associated trade-off of poor power efficiency. Several methods to reduce this PMEPR problem have been effectively researched while revealing the shortcomings. In this study we recognize the need to present the effect of OFDM system parameters on the behaviour of the PMEPR. In order to provide a basis for systematic selection of OFDM design parameters for PMEPR mitigation, we first study the reaction of the PMEPR to OFDM design parameters, we then analyse the effect of OFDM design parameters on the shortcomings of the PMEPR-limiting clipping technique.