jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Contribution of Early Life Stress to Anxiety Disorder

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Organization of the Stress Response Alterations in Circulating Hormonal Levels Induced by Chronic Gestational Stress Alterations in the Regulation of the HPA Axis as a Result of Prenatal Stress Alterations in the Regulation of the HPA Axis as a Result of Postnatal Stress Association Between Prenatal Stress and Anxiety Disorder Association Between Early Life Stress and Anxiety Disorder Summary References
Wear Mechanism of Abrasive Gas Jet Erosion on a Rock and the Effect of Abrasive Hardness on It

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The existing erosion models of abrasive gas jet tend to neglect the effects of the rebounding abrasive. To address this shortcoming, abrasive wear tests were conducted on limestone by using an abrasive gas jet containing different types of particles and with different standoff distances. The results indicate that erosion pits have the shape of an inverted cone and a hemispherical bottom. An annular platform above the hemispherical bottom connects the bottom with the side of the pit. The primary cause of the peculiar pit shape is the flow field geometry of the gas jet with its entrained particles. There is an annular region between the axis and boundary of the abrasive gas jet, and it contains no abrasive. Particles swirling around the axis form a hemispherical bottom. After rebounding, the abrasive with the highest velocity enlarges the diameters of both the hemispherical bottom and erosion pit and induces the formation of an annular platform. The surface features of different areas of the erosion pit are characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). It can be concluded that the failure modes for different locations are different. The failure is caused by an impact stress wave of the incident abrasive at the bottom. Plastic deformation is the primary failure mode induced by rebounding particles at the sides of the hemispherical bottom. The plastic deformation induced by the incident abrasive and fatigue failure induced by the rebounding abrasive are the primary failure modes on the annular platform. Fatigue failure induced by rebounding particles is the primary mode at the sides of the erosion pits. The rock failure mechanism that occurs for particles with different hardness is the same, but the rock damaged by the hard abrasive has a rougher surface.
Permeable Boundaries: Connecting Coursework and Community Work in Disciplinary Curricula

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Many colleges and universities today integrate high-impact educational practices with best practices for community engagement to create curricula that are developmentally powerful for students and community partners. Participating in such educational practices, as George Kuh (2008) has argued, leads to positive results for college students of many different backgrounds. Building upon this work, Brownell and Swaner (2010) studied the outcomes for students participating in five of the practices (first-year seminars, learning communities, service learning, undergraduate research, and capstone courses and project) alone or as part of an integrated effort. A special focus of their work was examining the differential outcomes for students from traditionally underserved populations. Common outcomes for students included academic gains, increased civic engagement, higher persistence rates, greater interaction with faculty and peers, and increased tolerance for and engagement with diversity; for students from underserved populations, higher grades and rates of persistence joined with a greater sense of belonging on campus and higher rates of school enrollment as important outcomes.KeywordsCommunity EngagementCivic EngagementCommunity PartnerCommunity WorkPublic SociologyThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Distribution and host relations of species of the genusCimexon bats in Europe

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The species of the genus Cimex (Heteroptera: Cimicidae) are important ectoparasites of European bats. Unlike other ectoparasites, they are attached to the body of their host only when they need to feed, otherwise they stay in refugia in bat roosts. Consequently, they are often overlooked by bat specialists and in many countries they are either unknown or poorly characterized. This study reports results from thorough investigations of bat roosts of diverse bat species in a Northwest-Southeast transect across Europe: Czech and Slovak Republics, Hungary, Serbia and Bulgaria. The distribution of Cimex lectularius follows the synanthropic habitats of its principal hosts, Myotis myotis and M. emarginatus, both Mediterranean elements of the European fauna. The climate in natural roosts (i.e. caves) inhabited by these bats in southern areas appears to restrain the presence of cimicids. In central Europe, C. pipistrelli parasitizes, beside M. myotis, many crevice-dwelling bat species indigenous to the boreal zone. However, in southern Europe, it appears only in connection with Nyctalus noctula. C. lectularius was confirmed for five host bat species and newly recorded for Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, C. pipistrelli was confirmed for seven bat species and newly recorded for Myotis nattereri. The first record of C. emarginatus outside of its type locality and Myotis alcathoe as a new host are reported. The host preferences of the species of the genus Cimex are discussed.
Synthesis and Screening\nin Mice of Fluorine-Containing\nPET Radioligands for TSPO: Discovery of a Promising <sup>18</sup>F‑Labeled\nLigand

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Translocator\nprotein 18 kDa (TSPO) is a biomarker of neuroinflammation.\n[<sup>11</sup>C]­ER176 robustly quantifies TSPO in the human brain\nwith positron emission tomography (PET), irrespective of subject genotype.\nWe aimed to develop an ER176 analog with potential for labeling with\nlonger-lived fluorine-18 (<i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub> = 109.8\nmin). New fluoro and trifluoromethyl analogs of ER176 were prepared\nthrough a concise synthetic strategy. These ligands showed high TSPO\naffinity and low human genotype sensitivity. Each ligand was initially\nlabeled by a generic <sup>11</sup>C-methylation procedure, thereby\nenabling speedy screening in mice. Each radioligand was rapidly taken\nup and well retained in the mouse brain at baseline after intravenous\ninjection. Preblocking of TSPO showed that high proportions of brain\nuptake were specifically bound to TSPO at baseline. Overall, the 3-fluoro\nanalog of [<sup>11</sup>C]­ER176 ([<sup>11</sup>C]<b>3b</b>)\ndisplayed the most promising imaging properties. Therefore, a method\nwas developed to label <b>3b</b> with [<sup>18</sup>F]­fluoride\nion. [<sup>18</sup>F]<b>3b</b> gave similarly promising PET\nimaging results and deserves evaluation in higher species.
FEMINISM, WOMEN'S STUDIES, AND ENGINEERING: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article explores the relationship between women's studies, feminism, and engineering, and the opportunities and obstacles this collaboration can offer. We describe recent developments in the feminist studies of science and technology, and outline how these theories can help our efforts in recruiting and retaining girls and women in science and engineering. We extend arguments of feminist theorists of science into engineering, and contend that engineering disciplines and women in engineering programs have much to gain from the emerging field of the feminist and social studies of science and technology. Conversely, we discuss what engineering and the sciences can offer feminists and scholars in women's studies. We join feminist theorists of science and technology in the call for increased attention and collaboration between women's studies and fields in science and engineering. Finally, we consider the opportunities and challenges in bringing together the disparate disciplines of women's studies and engineering by describing examples from some recent collaborative projects.
The Determinants of Sustainability Reporting of the Portuguese Public Sector Entities

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Based on legitimacy and on stakeholder theories, this study analyses the level of disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the sustainability reports of the Portuguese public sector entities for the years 2008 and 2012, prepared in accordance with the guidelines of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). The authors also aim to determine the factors that influence this level of disclosure. Using content analysis, an index of CSR disclosure was constructed based on the sustainability reports of 58 public sector entities. It was concluded that the level of sustainability disclosure is related to the organisation's size, industry, awards and certifications received, and visibility measured in terms of consumer proximity. This study offers new empirical evidence of a different context – public sector entities in Portugal, providing valuable insights into the factors that explain CSR disclosures in public sector entities.
Wild-Type Tumor Repressor Protein 53 (TRP53) Promotes Ovarian Cancer Cell Survival

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Loss of Pten in the KrasG12D;Amhr2-Cre mutant mice leads to the transformation of ovarian surface epithelial (OSE) cells and rapid development of low-grade, invasive serous adenocarcinomas. Tumors occur with 100% penetrance and express elevated levels of wild-type tumor repressor protein 53 (TRP53). To test the functions of TRP53 in the Pten;Kras (Trp53+) mice, we disrupted the Trp53 gene yielding Pten;Kras(Trp53−) mice. By comparing morphology and gene expression profiles in the Trp53+ and Trp53− OSE cells from these mice, we document that wild-type TRP53 acts as a major promoter of OSE cell survival and differentiation: cells lacking Trp53 are transformed yet are less adherent, migratory, and invasive and exhibit a gene expression profile more like normal OSE cells. These results provide a new paradigm: wild-type TRP53 does not preferentially induce apoptotic or senescent related genes in the Pten;Kras(Trp53+) cancer cells but rather increases genes regulating DNA repair, cell cycle progression, and proliferation and decreases putative tumor suppressor genes. However, if TRP53 activity is forced higher by exposure to nutlin-3a (a mouse double minute-2 antagonist), TRP53 suppresses DNA repair genes and induces the expression of genes that control cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Thus, in the Pten;Kras(Trp53+) mutant mouse OSE cells and likely in human TP53+ low-grade ovarian cancer cells, wild-type TRP53 controls global molecular changes that are dependent on its activation status. These results suggest that activation of TP53 may provide a promising new therapy for managing low-grade ovarian cancer and other cancers in humans in which wild-type TP53 is expressed.
Repeat Operations in Failed Microvascular Decompression for Trigeminal Neuralgia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

FOR THE STUDY of pathogenesis and treatment of recurrent trigeminal neuralgia, we performed 31 repeat operations from among 400 patients with trigeminal neuralgia in the past 10 years. Initially, of these 400 patients, 376 underwent microvascular decompression only, and 24 underwent partial sensory rhizotomy with or without microvascular decompression. Fifty-three patients (14%) had recurrences after microvascular decompression, of which 31 patients underwent repeat operations. Among the repeat operations, there was negative exploration in 16 patients (52%), arterial loop compression in 7 (22%), venous compression in 4 (13%), and Teflon compression or adhesion in 4 (13%). Twenty-one patients had early recurrences within 1 year, and 10 patients had late recurrences. Negative exploration and arterial compression were more likely in early recurrence (P = 0.01). Continuing demyelination might occur in patients with negative exploration, even when adequate decompression had been initially performed. Seventy percent of the patients had no recurring pain by way of partial sensory rhizotomy for negative explorations, redecompression of arterial loops, division of offending veins, or lysis and reposition of Teflon. About half of the patients had positive findings that were amenable without rhizotomy in the repeat operations. A repeat operation for failed microvascular decompression is a good choice if the condition of the patient is tolerant.
Genome-wide identification of cysteine-rich receptor like kinases in sweet cherry and functional analysis of PaCRK1 to salt stress

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (CRKs), a large subgroup of the receptor-like kinases, play an important role in plant development and stress response. However, knowledge about CRKs and its function against adverse environmental stresses in sweet cherry were lacking. In this study, 40 PaCRKs were identified from sweet cherry ( Prunus avium ) genome database. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that PaCRKs could be classified into six subgroups. Transcriptome analysis showed that the expression levels of most PaCRKs were changed under external environmental stresses. Functional study showed that PaCRK1 overexpression could enhance Arabidopsis and sweet cherry tolerance to salt stress. Moreover, biochemical analysis showed that PaCRK1 increased salt tolerance of sweet cherry by regulating the expression of antioxidation-related genes and their enzyme activities. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of PaCRKs in sweet cherry and elucidates the potential role of PaCRKs in response to various environmental stimuli.
Character Animation from a Motion Capture Database

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This thesis discusses methods that use information contained in a motion capture database to assist in the creation of a realistic character animation. Starting with an animation sketch, where only a small number of keyframes for some degrees of freedom are set, the motion capture data is used to improve the initial motion quality. First, the multiresolution filtering technique is presented and it is shown how this method can be used as a building block for character animation. Then, the hierarchical fragment method is introduced, which uses signal processing techniques, the skeleton hierarchy information and a simple matching algorithm applied to data fragments to synthesize missing degrees of freedom in a character animation, from a motion capture database. In a third technique, a principal component model is fitted to the motion capture database and it is demonstrated that using the motion principle components a character animation can be edited and enhanced after it has been created. After comparing these methods, a hybrid approach combining the individual technique s advantages is proposed, which uses a pipeline in order to create the character animation in a simple and intuitive way. Finally, the methods and results are reviewed and approaches for future improvements are mentioned.
Discovering Pedagogical Influences: the Impact of Ethnicity and Gender Representation in Early Childhood Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

For the past decade, we have written and discussed the importance of teaching and the role of the teacher in the classroom.There continues to be reams of research on the significance of teacher preparation and understanding the implications of ethnicity, gender and diversity within the context of teacher knowledge, skills and dispositions.We suggest that, almost paradoxically, the best way to enhance the human dimension of the learning process is to work on explicitly addressing the same issues through meaningful racial discourse and action research with those who plan to teach in America's schools.We propose to explore the personal development and deeper meanings, seek purpose, and understand the power of transcendence.This article focuses on dolls, gender, discovery and metacognitive thought that are major elements in an action research project set in an undergraduate social justice and diversity course.Discovery by undergraduate third year students was obtained through active involvement, observation, interaction and discourse, reflection, intuition and personal experiences.
RADIATION DAMAGE OF PAPER SAMPLES IN IN-AIR PIXE ANALYSIS

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Degradation of paper caused by beam irradiation was investigated from a viewpoint of discoloration in PIXE analysis and its application to the paper samples of archaeology. Two types of paper (Japanese paper and fine quality paper) were tested in in-air PIXE analysis with 3 MeV protons. The degree of discoloration was quantitatively measured by the use of a calorimeter. The degree of discoloration was different for each tested paper and corresponded to the radiation dose of ions. It is resulted that even the in-air PIXE analysis should be carefully applied to archaeological treasures. Because discoloration of all tested paper decreased gradually at first but then increased after a few weeks. However, this phenomenon can be used to develop a technique of funny coloration.
Carrots (Daucus carotaL.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The carrot is a horticultural root crop eaten around the world, and it has been popular since ancient times; it originated in southwestern Asia in the Afghanistan region. The content of carotenoids and minerals in carrots is dependent on the cultivar, season, management production, environmental conditions, and postharvest handling and storage conditions. The main phenolic compounds found in carrots are chlorogenic acids, which are hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives formed by the esterification of cinnamic acids, such as caffeic, ferulic, and p-coumaric acids, with quinic acid. Among all the phytochemicals present in carrots, β-carotene is the main one responsible for the protective effects on health due to its quantity and bioactive quality. Crop improvement programs to breed antioxidant-rich cultivars such as black and mixed color carrots have improved the diversity of available carrots, which could potentially increase the intake of health promoting compounds through diet and aid in the prevention of chronic human diseases.
The Type 1 Diabetes Composite Score: An Innovative Metric for Measuring Patient Care Outcomes Beyond Hemoglobin A1c

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Patient outcomes resulting from optimal type 1 diabetes (T1D) care have historically focused on driving a single metric, hemoglobin A 1c . Our objectives were to design, build, and launch an aggregate clinical indicator that comprehensively reflects patient management status beyond hemoglobin A 1c alone. This project aimed to show proof-of-principle that an aggregate score comprised of T1D outcome metrics could be built to track quality performance. Methods: We established an electronic medical record-based diabetes registry and utilized its population health modules to design and build this diabetes care metric. Elements representing optimal diabetes management, as defined by current guidelines and expert opinion, were identified. Nine elements fall into categories of management tools, care assessments, and complications risk. The Type 1 Diabetes Composite Score (T1DCS) aggregates these outcome measures to reflect the overall diabetes care status for each patient. Higher scores suggest better management and overall improved patient health. Results: We launched this metric build in November 2018 and applied the scoring to our T1D population (≈1,900 patients). The T1DCS quickly provides a summary of current diabetes management status. T1DCS viewed over the registry cohort demonstrates a normal distribution, and scores improved from March to September 2019, reflecting better care and outcomes, and illustrating the potential to track program effectiveness. Conclusions: The T1DCS is a useful metric to evaluate the clinical status of T1D patients, assess the capability of a clinical program to achieve optimal diabetes outcomes, identify patient diversity opportunities, and document outcome improvement as a novel comprehensive quality measure.
The effect of local heat therapy on fatigue among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized controlled clinical trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background & Aim: Fatigue is one of the most prevalent symptoms among people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Heat therapy is considered as one of the proposed methods to relieve the symptoms in these patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of local heat therapy on fatigue among patients with COPD. Methods & Materials: This randomized controlled clinical trial study was conducted on 46 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease referred to Allameh Bohlool Hospital in Gonabad, Iran in 2019. The participants were selected according to the inclusion criteria and were then randomly assigned to the two groups of intervention and placebo. Local packs were placed on the anterior of the chest twice a day for 23 minutes and for five days among the participants of both groups. The hot pack was 50ºC for the patients in the intervention group, but it was equal to body temperature in the placebo group. The severity of fatigue was once measured before the intervention and then one day after the final intervention in both groups. The demographic information form and Krupp fatigue severity scale were used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics and chi-square, MannWhitney, and Wilcoxon tests were used to analyze the data. Besides, the level of significance was considered at least 0.05. Results: The results indicated that the two groups were homogenous in terms of demographic information and the type of disease (P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean score of fatigue before the intervention in the experimental and placebo groups (P=0.9). However, the mean score of fatigue decreased significantly among the intervention group patients compared to those in the placebo group (P<0.001) after the intervention. There was also a significant difference between the two groups in the mean score of fatigue before and after the intervention (P<0.01). Conclusion: According to the results, topical heat therapy is effective in reducing fatigue among patients with COPD, but it is recommended to conduct further studies before the implementation of this approach.
THE RELEVANCE OF TRANSPORT-DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES IN UNDERSTANDING TRAVEL BEHAVIOUR AND TRANSPORT SUSTAINABILITY IN HONG KONG

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examines local residents' travel behaviour in three Hong Kong new \ntowns against transport-development strategies. Transport sustainability under the \ntransport-led, development-led and integrated transport and development strategies, are \nexamined by various travel indicators under the broad categories of spatial distribution \nand modal split. The results suggest that differences in transport sustainability can be \nexplained by the built environment, land use and transport characteristics associated with \nthe three strategies. Hence, it is important to consider the impact of \ntransport-development strategies on urban development and fully integrate them into \nsustainable transport planning.