jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Developing Culture-based English Learning at the Ninth Grade Student in UPTD SMP Negeri 2 Gunungsitoli in 2024/2025

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study aims to develop culture-based English learning in the 9th-grade students of UPTD SMP Negeri 2 Gunungsitoli Alo'oa by using a research amd development method. The development process is based on the Borg and Gall development research model, simplified into three stages: a) Preliminary Study, b) Product Development, and c) Finalization and testing of the product that integrates local cultural aspects. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and questionnaires for developing teaching materials to measure the effectiveness of the learning process. The results indicate that the integration of local cultural elements in English learning is enhances student motivation, enriches their understanding of language and culture, recognize the significance of cultural context in their language acquisition and develops a framework integrating local cultural elements into English language that connected to the local cultural contexts lesson that affected their understanding and application of the language. This research recommends applying similar methods in other schools to enhance contextual and relevant English learning.
Identification and B cell Epitope Mapping of Testis Specific Antigen C 2

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

An Immunological infertile patient serum (IIPS) caused 100% inhibition of human in vitro fertilization was used in screening human testis cDNA expression library.A new testis specific candidate antigen was identified (designated C 2)by IIPS.DNA sequencing and homology searching in databases showed that C 2 is a new testis specific protein.Northern blot analysis showed that clone C 2 recognized a single message present only in testis.The fusion protein expressed in E.coli was recognized by sera from 3 different infertile patients.A B cell epitope was identified in region of 29 amino acid residues near the carboxy terminus of the C 2 protein by unidirectional nested deletion method and Western blot analyses.15 amino acid residues epitope was predicted by computerized analysis.Based on hydrophilicity and surface probability analyses of the protein,a chimeric peptide containing the predicted epitope have been designed and synthesized.
Sustainability: Real or Virtual?

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Sustainability in the built environment is difficult to define but easy to recognise.We can observe it in those buildings which have been with us for many decades, centuries, even millennia which have survived because they have proved to be fit-for-purpose(s), cost beneficial, environmentally friendly and culturally significant.The past's relatively slow rate of change in building technology and social need allowed the evolutionary survival of buildings which are now our sustainability icons; but what of the future?How can we design for the future in a period of accelerating social, economic and technological change to secure a sustainable built environment which will be recognised and acknowledged by following generations.This keynote presentation reinforces the notion (advanced some 30 years ago) that computers, as amplifiers of the intellect, can, in the service of sustainability:• allow us to anticipate future physical reality by simulating form and function, cost and performance, impact and import.• allow us to adjudicate on predicted outcomes by making the simulated future as understandable and meaningful as the present, for clients as well as professionals.• allow us to articulate the relationship between real and virtual environments and, importantly for the next generation of architects, integrate the two.Anticipating: The extraordinary level of verisimilitude which can now be achieved in visual simulation is widely reported and widely deployed in architectural practice.Less well known and used are the major advances in models for the simulation of the thermodynamic and acoustic aspects of the built environment, simulation of the movement of people and goods in normal and emergency conditions within the building, and simulation of the building structure under exceptional stress.Painful but palpable progress is being made towards integrated modelling systems which make explicit the wide range of cost, performance and formal and contextual characteristics which, arguably, should inform the design decision process.Adjudicating: In the best of all possible design worlds, when modelling systems deliver metrics and visuals for any and all design alternatives, there remains the vexed question of adjudication.Attempts by the Design Methods Group in the 1960/70s to deploy aggregative (weighted) formulae were deservedly (and as far as DMG was concerned, disastrously) discredited.The notion, promoted by the Design Research Society, was that of participatory design -the professionally uncomfortable concept that, armed with the clear comprehensive and comprehensible information about design alternatives, those who will own, occupy and husband buildings can, and will, make good design decisions.The evidence piloted in the 1970s, despite dreadful difficulties in interfacing, is being rapidly reinforced in communes from Rome to Rio, thanks to multimedia.
DILEMA PERLINDUNGAN PENGETAHUAN TRADISIONAL BERBASISKAN HAK KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL PADA SENI UKIRAN MINANGKABAU

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Traditional knowledge is an issue that has been discussed in national and international conference. The current issue is the protection of traditional knowledge in Indonesia in the concept of Intellectual Property Right. The protection of traditional knowledge in Minangkabau craft based on Intellectual Property Right is the problem that is elaborated in this article. Normative legal design is the research design used to answer the research’s problem. The data are collected from the secondary data and literature study. The results of this research show that the concepts of IPR are contrary to the principles of traditional knowledge. Traditional knowledge is originally from indigenous communities that are communal, whereas IPR does not approve it. Hence, the existing law has not provided legal certainty and benefit optimally in protecting traditional knowledge. The solution of this problem is IPR Law must be renewed and a sui generis law regarding to traditional knowledge has to be constructed. It must be clear that local people are declared and certified as the owner of traditional knowledge based on Intellectual Property Right. The recognition of traditional knowledge based on IPR must be communal and non-profit oriented, so it can be owned by all indigenous people.Keywords: Law inforcement, intelectual propertyright, traditional knowledge, minangkabau craft
Challenging Race-Based Medicine Through Historical Education About the Social Construction of Race

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background: Scientifically, there is little genetic variation among humans and race has no biological basis. However, medical school preclinical curricula tend to misrepresent race and reify biologically essentialist explanations for disease. The social construct of race is therefore used to inform healthcare providers’ treatment decisions. Use of race-based medicine has been identified as a contributor to racial health disparities, spurring a growing movement to challenge race essentialism and race-based medicine. The current research tested an intervention that educates college students about the historical construction of racial categories in the U.S. Method: Participants who were randomly assigned to the intervention condition read an article highlighting the history of the sociopolitical construction of race. They were then prompted to discuss in dyads how racial categories were created and changed over history, and—in light of all this—the appropriateness of race-based medicine. Those assigned to the control condition advanced directly to the outcome measures. Results: Participants in the intervention condition reported less race essentialism, less support for race-based medicine, and greater belief that race-based medicine contributes to racial health disparities. Findings were not moderated by premed status. Discussion: Our data provide initial evidence that our interactive intervention could effectively reduce biological essentialism and support for race-based medicine in both premed and non-premed students.Health Equity Implications: This intervention has the potential to shape the way healthcare providers in-training understand race, their internalization of biologically essentialist explanations for disease, and willingness to adopt race-based treatment plans.
Chiral Auxiliaries as Docking/Protecting Groups in Biohydroxylation: The Hydroxylation of Enantiopure Spirooxazolidines Derived from Cyclopentanone UsingBeauveria bassiana ATCC 7159

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this work was to explore the scope and limitations of chiral docking/protecting groups as chiral auxiliaries in the biohydroxylation of unactivated methylene groups. As a model compound, cyclopentanone 1 was reacted with a range of enantiomerically pure amino alcohols 2a−n as well as 7a and b, varying substituents R1 and R2. The resulting chiral spirooxazolidines 3a−n as well as 8a and b were exposed to the fungus Beauveria bassiana ATCC 7159 and the resultant hydroxylated products were characterised. Introducing chirality into the substrate before the fermentation was found to have a major effect on the course of the biohydroxylation relative to the achiral analogue 3a (Table 1, entry 1). The nature of R1/R2 influenced both the product yield and the optical purity of the products (e.g. Table 1, entry 2). In addition, the absolute configuration of the final product 6 could be dictated solely by the nature of the docking/protecting group used (compare entry 8 with entry 9). Concerning the chain length of R1/R2, it was found that hydroxylation only took place in the cyclopentane ring when the heterocyclic ring was substituted with a methyl, ethyl or isopropyl (entries 2−5, 8, 9, 15, and 16). With increasing chain length, where R1/R2 are propyl, isobutyl or sec-butyl groups, a mixture of products was obtained in which the hydroxyl group was either on the cyclopentane ring or on the side-chain (entries 10−14).
The Frontal Sinus and Frontal Recess: Anatomical, Radiological and Surgical Concepts

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction The frontal sinus (FS) is the most complex of the paranasal sinuses due to its location, anatomical variations and multiple clinical presentations. The surgical management of the FS and of the frontal recess (FR) is technically challenging, and a complete understanding of its anatomy, radiology, main diseases and surgical techniques is crucial to achieve therapeutic success. Objectives To review the FS and FR anatomy, radiology, and surgical techniques. Data Synthesis The FS features a variety of anatomical, volumetric and dimensional characteristics. From the endoscopic point of view, the FR is the point of greatest narrowing and, to have access to this region, one must know the anatomical limits and the ethmoid cells that are located around the FR and very often block the sinus drainage. Benign diseases such as chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), mucocele and osteomas are the main pathologies found in the FS; however, there is a wide variety of malignant tumors that can also affect this region and represent a major technical challenge to the surgeon. With the advances in the endoscopic technique, the vast majority of diseases that affect the FS can be treated according to Wolfgang Draf, who systemized the approaches into four types (I, IIa, IIb, III). Conclusion Both benign and malignant diseases that affect the FS and FR can be successfully managed if one has a thorough understanding of the FS and FR anatomy, an individualized approach of the best surgical technique in each case, and the appropriate tools to operate in this region.
Apolipoprotein A‐I Structure

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction and Perspective Lipid-Free ApoA-I The Role of Protein Structure in ApoA-I Function Full-Length ApoA-I X-Ray Structure Apolipoprotein A-I Structure – Lipid-Bound State Structural Studies of ApoA-I on Discoidal Nascent HDL Hinge Domain Computer Models Spherical HDL Future Directions Acknowledgments References
Morphologic Evidence of Accelerated Closure of the Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Infants

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In preterm infants, closure of the ductus arteriosus (DA) is often delayed, especially in those with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). However, it has been suggested that functional closure of the DA may occur as early as 24 hours of age in some preterm infants exposed to intrauterine stress, and this is usually associated with decreased incidence of RDS. This suggests that accelerated maturation of the DA as well as of the lungs occurs in utero. Accordingly, histologic evidence of accelerated maturation of the DA was sought in a prospective autopsy study of 55 preterm infants ranging in gestational age from 19 to 32 weeks. There were four infants with clinically closed DA which showed histologic evidence of closure. The birth weight of these four infants ranged from 750-1,100 gm, the gestational age ranged from 24-32 weeks, and age of death was 39 hours to 6 days. The immediate causes of death were intracerebral hemorrhage or intrapulmonary hemorrhage, or both. Obstetric complications included chronic second trimester vaginal bleeding, abruptio placenta, malnutrition, diabetes, pulmonic stenosis of moderate degree, and chronic hypertension. These findings support the hypothesis that in some preterm infants exposed to chronic intrauterine stress, maturation of the DA is accelerated. This may result clinically in effective postnatal closure of the DA.
Calciphilopteris ludens Yesilyurt & H. Schneider, comb. nov.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

2. Calciphilopteris ludens (Wall. ex Hook.) Yesilyurt & H.Schneider, comb. nov. — Fig. 1A. Basionym:— Pteris ludens Wallich (1828: 88), nomen nudum, Pteris ludens Wall. ex. Hooker (1858: 210), Lithobrochia ludens (Wall. ex Hook.) Beddome (1865: t. 27), Pellaea ludens (Wall. ex Hook.) Prantl (1882: 419), Doryopteris ludens (Wall. ex Hook.) Smith (1875: 289). Holotype: INDIA: Wallich 88 (K). Rhizome predominantly long-creeping, scales up to 3 mm, dark brown, lanceolate, margin entire. Petiole terete to sulcate adaxially towards the base of the lamina, dark brown to atropurpureous, indumentum usually with hairs (whitish), non-clathrate scales and fibrils. Sterile and fertile fronds glabrescent to glabrous, indumentum on the abaxial side with fibrils and non-clathrate microscales. Sterile fronds up to 35 cm; lamina up to 20 cm, sagittate to pedate; ovate to pentagonal; pinnae/segments1–2(–3) pairs; hydathodes generally present (sometimes obscure). Fertile fronds up to 45 cm; lamina up to 25 cm, pentagonal to broad-cordate, pedate, pedate-pinnatifid (to pedate-2-pinnatifid); pinnae/segments in 2–4(–5) pairs; basal pinna/segment falcate, with 1(–2) acroscopic lobes and 2–3 basiscopic segments/lobes, which are ascendant, falcate to lanceolate, rarely the first basiscopic segment/lobe is divided; other pinnae/segments al equally ascendant, lanceolate to long-lanceolate. Indusium with margin entire to slightly eroded. Sporangium with pedicel 1–2(– 2½) × the capsule length; capsule with annulus with 17–34 indurated cells. Spores dark castaneous, cristate. Distribution:— India, Indochina, southern China, western parts of Malesia (Flores, Java, Malay Peninsula, Simbawa, Sumatra), Thailand, and Australia (where it was once recorded from north-eastern Queensland by D.L. Jones s.n. (BRI), see: Bostock 1998). Note:—some specimens (Congdon 617, Molesworth-Allen 2785, E. Smith 250A, Kerr 250, 11365) show unique leaf and spore characters that are similar but not identical with characters observed in other species of Calciphilopteris. It was decided to assign these specimens here to C. ludens, because available collections are insufficient to make unequivocal taxonomic assignments. These specimens may represent either a unique form of C. ludens or an undiscovered species. Selected specimens:— MALAYSIA: Perlis: Molesworth-Allen 2816 (US, S). Kedah: Alphonso & Samsuri 123 (BM); Henderson 29066 (BM); Littke 260 (L). INDONESIA: Java: Horsfield s.n. 110 (BM); Mosset 188 (C, GH, L, PE). THAILAND: Geesink et al. 5949 (BM, L); Hennipman 3029 (BM, L, NY, U, US); Kerr 5476 (BM); Kostermanns 762 (L); Larsen 5790 (BM, GH); Rock 503 (US); Shimizu et al. 13325 (C, L); Tagawa et al. 1903 (L, US);. MYANMAR: Dickason 7762 (GH); Kress et al. 97-6017 (US); J. F. Smith 89 (GH). VIETNAM (Cochinchina): Larsen 8964 (GH); Pierre s.n. (GH). SINGAPORE: Corner & Henderson 22815 (C). CHINA: Yunan: Henry 13325 (MO, NY). INDIA: Assam: Mann s.n. (UC).
Electrocatalytic\nReduction of Nitrate to Ammonia via\na Au/Cu Single Atom Alloy Catalyst

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Electrocatalytic\nammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) synthesis from the reduction\nof nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>) is one of the effective\nand mild methods to treat nitrogen-containing wastewater from stationary\nsources and to obtain NH<sub>3</sub> readily compared with the Haber-Bosch\nprocess. However, the low efficiency of electrocatalytic NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup> reduction to NH<sub>3</sub> on traditional Cu-based\ncatalysts hinders their practical application. Here, we prepare a\nAu/Cu single atom (SA) alloy (Au/Cu SAA) that shows a high performance\nof NH<sub>3</sub> synthesis with 99.69% Faradaic efficiency at −0.80\nV vs RHE. The structures of Au SAs and alloyed Au/Cu are confirmed\nby the detailed characterizations. Online differential electrochemical\nmass spectrometry confirms the occurrence of key reaction intermediates\n(*NO<sub>2</sub>, *NO, and *NH<sub>3</sub>). Density functional theory\ncalculations demonstrate that Au SAs efficiently reduce the adsorption\nenergy of *NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>, and the newly formed\nAu–Cu bonds boost the reduction process of *NO<sub>2</sub> to\n*NO. Meanwhile, Au/Cu SAAs produce significantly less N<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O byproducts due to the prohibition of N–N\ncoupling on single atoms, which finally leads to excellent Faradaic\nefficiency and NH<sub>3</sub> selectivity.
Spatial patterns of leptospirosis in Ecuador, 2013–2018

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that is considered an important public health problem in tropical regions and the world's poorest countries. Methods In this ecological study, we included cases of leptospirosis reported in Ecuador from 2013 to 2018. Spatial autocorrelation was evaluated through the global Moran I index and spatial-temporal scan statistics were used to identify high-risk clusters. Results In Ecuador, the leptospirosis incidence rates decreased from 3.3 cases per 100 000 population in 2013 to 0.8 cases per 100 000 population in 2018. The global Moran I index for the study period showed a positive spatial autocorrelation (0.68; p=0.001). We identified three significant spatial-temporal clusters for a high occurrence of leptospirosis incidence located in cantons of the Coast and Amazon regions. Conclusions The clusters identified could be targeted by policymakers and stakeholders in order to direct surveillance and understand the dynamics of the distribution of leptospirosis in Ecuador.
Cover Picture: On the Versatility of BH2X (X=F, Cl, Br, and I) Compounds as Halogen‐, Hydrogen‐, and Triel‐Bond Donors: An Ab Initio Study (ChemPhysChem 20/2016)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The Front Cover picture illustrates the study on the versatility of haloborane compounds to establish hydrogen, halogen, and triel bonding interactions in homodimeric systems. In the cover this is exemplified by the presence of a haloborane moiety turning on the lights of the noncovalent chemistry. More information can be found in the Full Paper by A. Bauzá and A. Frontera on page 3181 in Issue 20, 2016 (DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600683.
Expérience du pathologiste dans l'hypoglycémie hyperinsulinique néonatale persistante.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

[Persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy: the pathologist's experience]. Persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of Infancy (PHHI) is characterized by episodes of severe hypoglycemia exposing the child to serious neurological sequelae. The morphologic pancreatic anomalies observed consist in either a focal lesion which can be totally cured by a selective surgical resection, or a diffuse and poorly understood lesion of pancreatic tissue, which may appear at first glance to be both macroscopically and microscopically normal, the treatment of which, requires a near-total pancreatectomy. The studies presented concentrate on several pathogenic hypotheses of this latter form of PHHI. We first demonstrate that nesidioblastosis, long considered as the original lesion for the diffuse form of hyperinsulinism, does indeed exist although it is not specific to this disease and does not correspond to a permanent proliferation of endocrine cells. We then dismiss the hypothesis of an enhanced B cell mass, as the volume density of B cells is not systematically increased in hyperinsulinemic children compared to controls. The third hypothesis looking to a decreased D cell mass has to be approached with circumspection as the difference in volume density of somatostatin cells, which tends to be slightly lower in hypoglycemic children, is small and inconsistent. The fourth hypothesis concerns an intrinsic functional lesion of the B cells, and is supported by an increased quantity of proinsulin detected in the Golgi area as well as by the observation of voluminous nuclei and a particularly abundant cytoplasm in certain B cells. These histological anomalies are detected on per-operative frozen sections and guide the surgical treatment.