jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Biosynthesis of acyl‐specific glycerophospholipids in mammalian tissues

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A review of the literature concerning the synthesis of acyl‐specific glycerophospholipids indicates that the known biosynthetic sequences cannot satisfactorily explain these specific acylations. New de novo and salvage pathways are proposed to account for the acyl composition of highly unsaturated and saturated glycerophospholipids. In these hypothetical pathways, de novo synthesized glycerophosphodiesters are postulated to be key intermediates to establish the specific acyl composition of the resulting glycerophospholipids, and to be integrated with the known cytidine pathways. A re‐interpretation of the experimental literature in terms of these postulated pathways is provided, with some methods to test these proposed sequences.
Development and verification of prediction model for influencing factors of myopia among primary and middle school students based on machine learning

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

AIM: To screen and analyze the influencing factors of myopia among primary and secondary school students and establish a predictive model to provide ideas for the prevention and control measures of myopia among children and adolescents.METHODS:A total of 1 759 primary and secondary school students from 2 primary schools, 2 junior high schools, 2 senior high schools and 1 vocational high school in the urban area of Qingdao were sampled by means of stratified cluster sampling in September 2023. Vision screening and a questionnaire survey on influencing factors were carried out based on machine learning algorithms. The screening and determination were mainly conducted in accordance with the Standard Logarithmic Visual Acuity Chart(GB/T11533-2011)and the Specifications for Screening Myopia in Children and Adolescents. The influencing factors of myopia were analyzed and a prediction model was developed based on the machine learning algorithms LASSO in combination with XGBoost, and visualization was achieved through an interactive Nomogram. Statistical analysis was performed using R statistical software version 4.3.3.RESULTS:The screening prevalence of myopia among primary and secondary school students in the urban area of Qingdao was 70.61%(1 242 cases). The optimal predictive variables for screening were grade, gender, whether parents were myopic, daily indoor sedentary time, appropriate distance between eyes and books during reading and writing, daily sleep time, distance between eyes and TV screen when watching TV/playing video games exceeding 3 meters, the playground during breaks, total duration of tutorial classes, how often eyes are rested during near work, daily computer usage time, and average daily homework time after school, totaling 12 influencing factors. The AUCs of the training set and test set were 0.770(95%CI:0.751-0.789)and 0.732(95%CI:0.714-0.750), respectively.CONCLUSION: A machine learning-based prediction model was developed and validated to predict the risk of myopia onset in primary and secondary school students, accompanied by effective visualization techniques.
Organizational aspects of adults’ sports habits in Spain: gender and social differences

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The objectives of the present study were to determine if there exist differences with regard to gender in the organizational aspects related to adults’ sports habits in Spain and to analyze these organizational aspects as a function of age, level of completed education and social class. The research followed a quantitative methodology using a questionnaire that was administered to a sample of 3,463 subjects, 1,732 men (mean age 46.6 years ± 9.7) and 1,731 women (mean age 44.5 years ± 9.6). The results show that there exist significant differences in organizational aspects of sports habits between men and women and present interesting information for organizations about these aspects as a function of the different socio-demographic variables.
Commercial and nutraceutical quality of grafted melon cultivated under hydric stress

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Water stress decreases the quality of fruit by generating reactive oxygen species. Grafting is a technique that can improve the efficiency of crop water usage. This work was performed in order to assess the effect of different water stresses on the commercial and nutraceutical quality of a melon fruit. Cantaloupe melon plants, grown under shade houses were grafted onto a creole pumpkin rootstock and grown with different water stresses (20, 30, and 40 kPa). The grafted melon plants under 30-kPa water stress (G30) showed greater fruit firmness and increased catalase activity. The G30 fruits showed an increase in GPX activity of up to 80% over the non-grafted plants. The GSH was higher in fruits subjected to the 40-kPa water tension. The superoxide dismutase showed a 15% greater inhibition in the fruits from the non-grafted plants. At higher water tensions, the DPPH antioxidant activity decreased, while the vitamin C content increased.
An Inter-Agency Expert Panel's Prioritisation of Clinical Quality Improvement Topics in a Paramedic System

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction Quality improvement (QI) programs have become common in paramedic systems, but they are often limited to individual agencies. Modern paramedicine involves many different agencies and inter-agency QI programs would better reflect their co-operative efforts. Similarly, inter-agency use of clinical outcome measurements can offer system level performance data. This study's intent was to explore the feasibility of planning an inter-agency QI program that uses outcome measures. Methods This study used a modified Delphi methodology. A 49-member panel of inter-agency representatives was convened to identify and prioritise clinical outcome-based topics. Over a 3-month period, two online surveys were conducted followed by a 1-day face-to-face meeting. Results The study demonstrated very high participation rates. Results progressed from an initial wide range of 38 topics to a final consensus of two: infection/sepsis and patient safety/care pathways, complete with outcome measures. Conclusion Inter-agency quality improvement planning is an under investigated area, but this study demonstrates that it is feasible. Additionally, this planning can incorporate clinical outcome measures that inform system level discussions about quality. Other paramedic agencies may draw on the study's processes when planning their own quality improvement programs.
The yearly peak age of the onset of major depressive disorder over the past 5 years at a general hospital in Saudi Arabia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) do not exhibit usual mood swings and emotional reactions to difficulties in life. Patients with MDD experience specific symptoms such as decreased mood, loss of interest, and suicidal thoughts, particularly those with moderate, severe, or recurrent MDD. Depression can become a severe health condition, and MDD can lead to significant morbidity and mortality, and functional impairment. A total of 260 million people are diagnosed as having MDD worldwide, with a global prevalence of 3627 per 100,000 individuals. Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional study recruited 2894 patients who were interviewed at a psychiatric clinic and were diagnosed as having MDD from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2020, at Hera General Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. From the hospital’s health information system, we extracted the following data using the patient arrival report for psychiatric clinics. Results: The mean age of MDD onset was 43 years in Saudi Arabia with a peak age between 35 and 40 years and an average age between 43 and 46 years. Conclusion: The mean and peak ages of MDD onset in Saudi Arabia differ from those in other countries. Our findings can help set a screening age for depression in the Saudi population in primary healthcare centers.
Angraecum viguieri: Verlynde, S., Andriamahefarivo, L., Rajaovelona, L.R., Ramandimbisoa, B., Stévart, T. & Droissart, V.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species.
Baicalein Inhibites Multiple Myeloma Cells Proliferation and Migration by Interfering Wnt Signaling Pathway

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Abstract 5019 Background: The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has been implicated in a variety of tumor cell survival and proliferation, including myeloma cells. It can facilitate myeloma cell proliferation by upregulating the expression of many related genes, such as c-myc, cyclin D1, MMP and so on. We have previously demonstrated that Baicalein, a important component of Scutellaria radix from Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang(HLJDT), can inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell death in myeloma cell through suppressing NF-κB activation (Ma Z, et al., Blood, 2005, 105(8): 3312–3318). In clinic, we found that HLJDT had a very good effective in multiple myeloma(MM) patients treatment (data not show). But, the precise molecular mechanism of HLJDT exerts its anti-tumor effects remains poorly understood. Here we further evaluated alternative mechanisms which is responsible for inhibition myeloma cell proliferation and migration by baicalein. Methods: Myeloma cell lines, RPMI8226 and U266 cells, were used for the analysis. MTT assay was used to assess cell viability in RPMI8226 and U266 cells which were exposed to baicalein with different concentrations and time period. Immunofluorescence assay and western blot analysis were used to assess β-catenin protein expression in MM cell lines. Transwell chamber migration assay was used to assess migration ability of myeloma cells treated with different concentrations of baicalein. RT-PCR analysis was used to assess β-catenin, c-myc, cyclin D1 and integrin β7 mRNA expression. Results: Baicalein can inhibit the MM cell lines proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner as measured by MTT assay. Immunofluorescence images and western bloting revealed that treatment of baicalein decreased the β-catenin protein expression level in myeloma cells. The mRNA expression level of β-catenin, c-myc and cyclin D1 was also decreased by baicalein treatment. In addition, we found that baicalein has an ability to inhibit the migration of MM cell llines, RPMI8226 and U266 cell, by decreasing the integrin β7 mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Baicalein can inhibit myeloma cell proliferation is related to downregulation of β-catenin, c-myc and cyclin D1 genes expression, and the inhibition of myeloma ia associated with suppression of integrin β7 gene expression. Thus, HLJDT may have a potential of clinical applications in MM patient treatment. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Myocardial Fibrosis as a Key Determinant of Left Ventricular Remodeling in Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background— In idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, there are scarce data on the influence of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance on left ventricular (LV) remodeling. Methods and Results— Fifty-eight consecutive patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy underwent baseline clinical, biohumoral, and instrumental workup. Medical therapy was optimized after study enrollment. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance was used to assess ventricular volumes, function, and LGE extent at baseline and 24-month follow-up. LV reverse remodeling (RR) was defined as an increase in LV ejection fraction ≥10 U, combined with a decrease in LV end-diastolic volume ≥10% at follow-up. ΔLGE extent was the difference in LGE extent between follow-up and baseline. LV-RR was observed in 22 patients (38%). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the absence of LGE at baseline cardiovascular magnetic resonance was a strong predictor of LV-RR (odds ratio, 10.857 [95% confidence interval, 1.844–63.911]; P =0.008) after correction for age, heart rate, New York Heart Association class, LV volumes, and LV and right ventricular ejection fractions. All patients with baseline LGE (n=26; 45%) demonstrated LGE at follow-up, and no patient without baseline LGE developed LGE at follow-up. In LGE-positive patients, there was an increase in LGE extent over time ( P =0.034), which was inversely related to LV ejection fraction variation (Spearman ρ, −0.440; P =0.041). Five patients showed an increase in LGE extent >75th percentile of ΔLGE extent, and among these none experienced LV-RR and 4 had a decrease in LV ejection fraction ≥10 U at follow-up. Conclusions— In patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, the absence of LGE at baseline is a strong independent predictor of LV-RR at 2-year follow-up, irrespective of the initial clinical status and the severity of ventricular dilatation and dysfunction. The increase in LGE extent during follow-up was associated with progressive LV dysfunction.
[Demonstration of the remote effect of baculovirus vertical transmission, with gypsy moth Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera, Lymantriidae) as an example].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

It is demonstrated for the first time that viral infection can be formed in insects survived after infection of gypsy moth larvae by nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV), and cause subsequent mortality of individuals during, at minimum, two generations (the period of observations). The vertical virus transmission is carried by both male and female insects survived after infection. It is shown by means of PCR that the level of virus carrying in gypsy moth embryos of generations F1 and F2 is higher than the number of insects killed by NPV.
A Geostatistical Analysis of Crime In Seattle Considering Infrastructure and Data-Mined Colocation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

One of the most persistent problems in our society is criminal behavior. Crime persists regardless of perceived punishment and the increased focus of law enforcement. Objective: This thesis examines the hypotheses that specific infrastructure types can have impacts on crime densities in Seattle, Washington, and examines crime type occurrence by census blocks to observe if predictive crime pattern identification is possible. Method: The hypothesis for the significance of infrastructure on crime density is assessed by the distance-based application of the T-test for significance. The predictive crime pattern analysis hypothesis is evaluated with data mining using the Apriori algorithm to develop association rules that are predictive based on existing crime in the census blocks. Results: Both hypotheses demonstrated varying amounts of success, indicating that infrastructure does have a significant effect on crime density and that predictive data mining algorithms can create crime association rules. Conclusion: The results suggest that specific types of infrastructure do have a direct relationship with crime density in the immediate surroundings and Bus Stops, Religious Centers demonstrate higher significant effects than others when paired with specific types of crime. The pattern analysis results demonstrated that crime association rules are possible and can be used to predict crimes occurrences based on the type of crimes are reported in the surrounding area.
3D Relativistic MHD Simulation of a Tilted Accretion Disk Around a Rapidly Rotating Black Hole

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We posit that accreting compact objects, including stellar mass black holes and neutron stars as well as supermassive black holes, may undergo extended periods of accretion during which the angular momentum of the disk at large scales is misaligned with that of the compact object. In such a scenario, Lense-Thirring precession caused by the rotating compact object can dramatically affect the disk. In this presentation we describe results from a three-dimensional relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulation of an MRI turbulent disk accreting onto a tilted rapidly rotating black hole. For this case, the disk does not achieve the commonly described Bardeen-Petterson configuration; rather, it remains nearly planar, undergoing a slow global precession. Accretion from the disk onto the hole occurs predominantly through two opposing plunging streams that start from high latitudes with respect to both the black-hole and disk midplanes. This is a consequence of the non-sphericity of the gravitational spacetime of the black hole.
Signs and sentiment in British wildlife art

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter is concerned with contemporary wildlife art in Britain covering the period from the formation of the Society of Wildlife Artists (SWLA) in 1964 to the present time. Over that time a considerable body of work has been produced by SWLA artists and exhibited in the Society's annual exhibitions. The chapter considers the relevance of this creative work in ecocritical discourse, both in collaboration with literary and other creative genres and considered in its own right. It explores the way that wildlife artists navigate the twin pulls of science and art in the context of the task of ecocritics to read cultural works with and against discourses from ecology and environmental science. Ecocritics are increasingly interested in the potential for biosemiotics to illuminate ecocritical discourse. The chapter concludes that wildlife art is a rich body of work that would merit further investigation by ecocritics.
Surgical Outcome of Replacing a Failed Ahmed Glaucoma Valve by a Baerveldt Glaucoma Implant in the Same Quadrant in Refractory Glaucoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the surgical technique and outcomes in eyes that underwent surgery to replace a failed Ahmed valve by a Baerveldt glaucoma implant in the same quadrant. Methods: This study was a retrospective case series of 9 patients. Parameters analyzed include age, glaucoma type, prior surgery, complications, intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity, and number of glaucoma medications before and after the surgery. Surgical success was defined as having either an IOP below 21 mm Hg or a 20% IOP reduction, with or without hypotensive agent. Results: The mean follow-up duration was 47 months. After surgery, at the time of final follow-up, the mean IOP decreased from 29.9 mm Hg to 16.7 mm Hg (36% of mean IOP reduction; P =0.008). There was a significant reduction of hypotensive agents from a mean of 4.33 to 2.22 ( P =0.02). The visual acuity did not have a significant deterioration ( P =0.07). In the final visit, 5 of 9 patients met total success criteria and 2 patients were qualified successes. Two cases failed totally after 69 and 125 months of follow-up. The cumulative probability of total success after 6 months was 76% and this rate remained stable until the sixth year. One patient had bullous keratopathy. Two patients had early postoperative pressure spikes: the first patient was treated by trabeculectomy, and the second by vitrectomy. Conclusions: A replacement of the failed Ahmed glaucoma valve by a new Baerveldt glaucoma implant in the same quadrant can be a reasonable choice to control refractory glaucoma.
The spatial and temporal distribution of arthropods in Michigan celery agroecosystems

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Thesis M.S. Michigan State University. Entomology 2015%%%%Understanding the source of insects within an agricultural production system is essential to selecting the most suitable management practices. In this thesis, I examine the spatial patterns of arthropods in Michigan commercial celery systems and evaluate whether field margins are sources of insects therein. Insect abundance was measured at different distances within six different celery fields located in southwest Michigan during 2013 and 2014. Most herbivores were evenly distributed throughout the field, although minor edge effects were detected when overall abundance was low. Herbivore abundance in margins, relative to the field, varied across groups; tarnished plant bugs and leafhoppers are key pests that may be using margins for habitat. Most predators were evenly distributed across the field. Syrphid flies were more abundant in margins, suggesting greater association with these areas than other groups. Parasitoid abundance was also consistently margin-centric across groups during both seasons. In 2014, I performed a mark-capture experiment in which three field margins were sprayed with a protein marker. Arthropods were subsequently captured and tested for the presence of the protein. Most groups had at least one individual testing positive for the presence of the marker, but the majority of specimens in every group tested negative. Variation in mark percentage, as well as the spatial distribution of marks, showed that some groups, such as tarnished plant bugs and syrphid flies, utilize the margins more than others. Any systematic change in the way growers manage their margins would likely affect these groups to a greater degree than the other groups in the study.%%%%%%%%Description based on online resource;
Minimally invasive presigmoid retrolabyrinthine suprameatal approach (PRSA): A cadaveric study for accessing premeatal anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) aneurysms

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The surgical management of aneurysms involving the proximal third of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) usually necessitates complex and invasive approaches, thus posing major challenges. We aimed to investigate the infratentorial presigmoid retrolabyrinthine suprameatal approach (PRSA) as a surgical corridor for premeatal AICA aneurysms. Methods: We performed 10 PRSA dissections in five cadaveric heads. Twelve morphometric parameters were measured, analyzed, and categorized into pre-procedural, intra-procedural, and additional parameters. The typical anatomic-radiological characteristics and variations were evaluated, and the related anatomical and radiological parameters were analyzed to predict surgical accessibility. Results: Preoperative anatomic-radiological parameters provide valuable information to select patients with favorable anatomy that may offer appropriate surgical accessibility to the premeatal AICA through a PRSA corridor. The position of the basilar artery from the midline determines the degree of accessibility to the origin of AICA through the infratentorial PRSA. The PRSA for targeting proximal AICA aneurysms was also compared to other surgical approaches based on the available current literature. Conclusion: Premeatal AICA aneurysms can be accessed and clipped through the infratentorial PRSA corridor. This would allow surgeons to avoid the sacrifice of hearing and balance as compared to other available invasive alternative approaches. The selection of the appropriate patients should be based on the individualized preoperative radiological characteristics for both the vascular and bony anatomy.