jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Exact Analytic Formula for Conductance Predicting a Tunable Sommerfeld–Arrhenius Thermal Transition within a Single‐Step Tunneling Mechanism in Molecular Junctions Subject to Mechanical Stretching

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract It is shown that the conductance G of molecular tunnel junctions wherein the charge transport is dominated by a single energy level can be expressed in closed analytic form which is exact and valid at arbitrary temperature T and model parameter values. On this basis, it is shown that the single‐step tunneling mechanism is compatible with a continuous thermal transition from a weakly T ‐dependent G at low T (Sommerfeld regime) to a nearly exponential ‐dependent G at high T (Arrhenius‐like regime). This Sommerfeld–Arrhenius transition can be observed in real molecular junctions and can be continuously tuned, for example, via mechanical stretching.
Clinico-etiological profile of patients presenting with hemoptysis diagnosed by fiber optic bronchoscopy - A study done in tertiary care centre of central Karnataka

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Hemoptysis is a common complaint among patients attending chest clinics. Clinical profile and etiology may vary depending upon patient population studied. Fiber optic bronchoscopy (FOB) is a useful diagnostic tool in such cases to establish accurate diagnosis. Aim: To study the clinical and etiological profile of patients presenting with hemoptysis at our tertiary care centre. To define the diagnostic yield of FOB in these patients. Materials and Methods: Institutional based observational prospective study was conducted on 60 patients who presented with hemoptysis to the department of pulmonary medicine at our tertiary care centre. All patients underwent FOB after thorough clinical, radiological and laboratory evaluation. Results: Mean age of the patients studied was 43.93 ± 13.20 yrs, predominant were male 38(63.3%). Sputum production in 42 patients (70%) was the most common associated symptom followed by dyspnea 34(56.7%) and fever 20(33.3%). On FOB, congestion of the endobronchial lumen was seen in 44 (73.3%), ectasia in 16 (26.6%), bleeding site was localized in 30 (50%) patients. Broncho alveolar lavage (BAL) was positive for Acid fast bacilli in 12 (20%), bacterial culture in 6 (10%) and fungal elements in 2 (3.33%) patients. Endobronchial biopsy (EBB) diagnosed lung malignancy in 10(16.7%) patients. Conclusion: Bronchiectasis was the most common cause of hemopytsis followed by pulmonary tuberculosis. FOB resulted in diagnosis of three-fourths of the patients analysed in our study with a positive yield of 76.6%. Keywords: Hemoptysis, Etiological profile, Fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB).
Moment analysis applied to LMC star clusters

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Statistical moment-based ellipse fitting was performed on observations of Large Magellanic Cloud clusters, confirming that trends are evident in their position angles and ellipticities, as had been reported in the literature. Artificial cluster images with known parameters were generated, and subjected to the same analysis techniques, revealing apparent trends caused by stochastic processes. Caution should therefore be exercised in the interpretation of observational trends in young LMC clusters.
TAU- A FRIEND TURNS FOE

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Alzheimer’s disease remains an illusive disorder without effective treatment and cure. None of the hypotheses proposed accounts for the gradually progressing deterioration and variable clinical presentations. It encompasses the diversity of neuronal and nonneuronal abnormalities and elucidates how a disorder has the brain as its most vulnerable target organ. For many years Amyloid β was regarded as the main culprit and all the therapeutic efforts were centered towards Aβ, now it seems that centre stage has been shifted towards Neurofrillary tangles and Tau. Tau is a protein associated with microtubules which help in the proper functioning of microtubules. When tau gets hyperphosphorylated it gets detached from microtubules and get aggregated in the form of tangles called neurofibrillary tangles. In addition to the well-known changes in phosphorylation state, tau undergoes multiple truncations and shifts in conformation as it transforms from an unfolded monomer to the structured polymer characteristic of neurofibrillary tangles. Neurofibrillary tangles influence neuronal function in several ways and these changes finally ends with neuronal death and cognitive decline. In this review, we discuss and summarize the physiological roles of tau and how it deviate from its primary role into tangled form and turn a foe in Alzheimer’s disease.
Seismic Damage Features of Reservoir Earth-rock Dams in Deyang City during the Wenchuan Great Earthquake

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Wenchuan great earthquake has resulted in different degree damage to reservoir earth-rock dams in Deyang City of Sichuan Province.Based on the seismic damage investigation data and filed survey on 66high-risk damaged reservoirs in Deyang City,the seismic damage features and causes are discussed through classified statistics on the damaged dams.It is found that small earth dams and homogeneous earth-rock dams are apt to be damaged and suffered the most serious damage during the earthquake.The seismic damage types of the dams are diversified including the crack,the landslide,the subsidence,the leakage as well as the damage to discharge structures and other subsidiary facilities.Taking three reservoirs earth dams in Deyang City as examples,the project general conditions,pre-earthquake running situation and seismic damage phenomena of damaged dams are analyzed in order to propose the effective emergency measures after earthquake.
BIOSYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND ANTIMICROBIAL ASSESSMENT OF METAL NANOPARTICLES FROM DRYOPTERIS MANNIANA (HOOK.) C. CHR LEAF EXTRACT

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Background: An integral part of nature is medicinal plants containing natural constituents which are vital to health.Dryopteris manniana (Hook.)C. Chr.leaves contain phytochemicals such as polyphenols and flavonoids which serve as an effective reducing agent.Methods: Metallic nanoparticles were synthesized by reducing salts of silver, nickel, manganese, and copper using Dryopteris manniana leaf extracts to form metal nanoparticles represented as AgNPs, NiNPs, MnNPs, and CuNPs respectively.The obtained nanoparticles were then characterized using UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).The antimicrobial activities of the nanoparticles were investigated against six microbial strains using the disk diffusion method.Results: The EDX result identified the metal atoms present in the metal nanoparticles formed.The SEM revealed that AgNPs have a diamond-like crystalline, CuNPs have a triangular-like structure, NiNPs have a teardrop-like structure, and MnNPs have a spherical crystalline structure.The results of the antimicrobial experiments showed that the nanoparticles have activity against all the tested bacteria but are less active against some isolated fungi.AgNPs showed zone of inhibitions: S. aureus (10 mm), α-H.streptococcus (8 mm), and E. coli (12 mm), while CuNPs exhibited 9 mm, 11 mm, and 11 mm against S. aureus, E. coli, and α-H.streptococcus respectively.Conclusion: This method for green metal nanoparticle synthesis may useful in nanomedicine, environmental, and industrial applications as they possess greater effectiveness and reduced toxicity, however, further investigation will be implemented.
Street Children Programs in Latin America

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The growing problem of street children is among the most important child welfare problems today. Estimates are that there are as many as 25 million street children in Latin America alone. This paper, which is based on over five months of fieldwork in Latin America, is a study of the problem of street children. Life on the streets is described in relation to the developmental stages of street children. The paper emphasizes the types of programs that have emerged as the countries of the region seek to ameliorate and prevent this social problem. A program typology is developed and discussed.
Cellular Inhibition of Checkpoint Kinase 2 (Chk2) and Potentiation of Camptothecins and Radiation by the Novel Chk2 Inhibitor PV1019 (7-Nitro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Chk2 is a checkpoint kinase involved in the ataxia telangiectasia mutated pathway, which is activated by genomic instability and DNA damage, leading to either cell death (apoptosis) or cell cycle arrest. Chk2 provides an unexplored therapeutic target against cancer cells. We recently reported 4,4-diacetyldiphenylurea-bis(guanylhydrazone) (NSC 109555) as a novel chemotype Chk2 inhibitor. We have now synthesized a derivative of NSC 109555, PV1019 (NSC 744039) [7-nitro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid {4-[1-(guanidinohydrazone)-ethyl]-phenyl}-amide], which is a selective submicromolar inhibitor of Chk2 in vitro. The cocrystal structure of PV1019 bound in the ATP binding pocket of Chk2 confirmed enzymatic/biochemical observations that PV1019 acts as a competitive inhibitor of Chk2 with re
High performance silver nanowire based transparent electrodes reinforced by EVA resin adhesive

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Transparent conducting films (TCFs) based electrodes are indispensable for most optoelectronic devices e.g. liquid crystal displayers, transparent touch panels, organic light-emitting diodes, and solar cells. Traditional TCF materials, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), have some inherent shortcomings, such as high-vacuum deposition process, high deposition temperature, relatively high cost, and brittleness. With the bloom of flexible and wearable electronics, flexible TCFs become more important than ever. Among various candidates, silver nanowires (AgNWs) based TCF draws more attentions than others for its superior electrical and optical properties. However there are still some challenges to be overcome, such as the poor electrical contact among the AgNWs and the weak mechanical contact between the AgNWs conducting networks and transparent substrate. In this work, combining the electrostatic spraying and Mayer rod coating processes, we have fabricated a high performance AgNWs based TCF with over 85% optical transmittance, less than 50 Ω/sq sheet resistance, and excellent adhesion to the substrate with the involvement of ethylene viny acetate (EVA) resin as the interlayer. This simple two steps process is also compatible with the roll-to-roll coating process, which can well address the challenges of low cost, high performance, flexibility and robustness.
Applying Proportionality to the Prudential RegimeReporting and Disclosure Requirements for Smaller Banks

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter investigates the demand for proportionate regulation, in response to the great wave of prudential reregulation that followed the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). This has resulted, not only to a significant tightening of the prudential requirements, but also to a drastic increase in the intensity and complexity of day-to-day supervision, including supervisory reporting. For smaller banks, the challenge is daunting and could have grave competitive implications. Their predicament has turned the necessity and proportionality of the new prudential requirements into a central theme of the banking regulatory debate. The chapter then looks at the technique used by the Capital Requirements Regulation (CRR) II to relieve the members of the newly established class of ‘small and non-complex institutions’ from excessive and unjustifiable regulatory burdens — in particular, those relating to supervisory reporting requirements and public disclosure obligations. It also considers the streamlining and integration of all information-related obligations of banking institutions to reduce the complexity of the existing system, eliminating duplicative reporting by institutions, and improving the accessibility and usability of regulatory information.
The Role Protein Sonic Hedgehog in Carcinoma Basal Cell

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A B S T R A C TIntroduction: Basal cell carcinoma (KSB) is a non-melanoma skin cancer (KKNM),which is most commonly found compared to other skin cancers. KSB originates fromstem cells in the bulk of hair follicles or inter-follicular epidermis, through the Sonichadgehog (SHH) activation pathway, an increase in Sonic hadgehog (SHH) proteinexpression, involving Patches protein (PTCH), smothened protein (SMO), in the formof increased protein transcription activation Glia (GLI) in the nucleus, binds to DNAto initiate tumor-aggressive growth and tissue. Objective: to determine therelationship between Sonic hadgehog (SHH) expression and non-aggressive andaggressive basal cell carcinoma. Methods: The study was carried out in anobservational laboratory with 35 primary KSB patients, the tissue was taken usingelliptic biopsy technique, made paraffin block specimens for histopathologicalexamination of the subtype of KSB consisting of 20 non-aggressive KSB patients,namely nodular and superficial KSB; 15 patients with aggressive KSB werepigmented KSB; Infiltrates KSB, micronodular KSB, metypical KSB (basosquamousKSB) and SHH immunohistochemical (CPI) examination using SHH antibodies, inthe Anatomy Pathology section, FK Unsri / RSMH Palembang. The characteristics ofKSB patients were recorded, namely sex, age, occupation based on the length ofexposure to BC, namely exposure <3 hours / day, exposure 3-6 hours / day,exposure ≥ 6 hours / day. The data were processed using the Statistical AnalysisSoftware Package (SPSS) version 20.0 (IBM Corporation), tested with Pearsoncorrelation test and chi square test and presented in the form of diagrams, andnarrative tables. Results: Pearson's test showed a significant correlation betweenthe clinical features of KSB and the histopathologic features of non-aggressive andaggressive types of KSB (p 0.020), there was a significant relationship between thesubtypes of histopathologic features of KSB with non-aggressive and aggressivetypes of KSB (p 0.000), there was a significant relationship between strong SHHexpression and BCC aggressive compared to non-aggressive KSB, p 0.000 (p <05α),and r = 732 Conclusion: There is a relationship between SHH expression and KSBaggressiveness. The increase in strong SHH expression shows the aggressiveness ofKSB, SHH expression can be used as a biological gene target both as a prognosticindicator and can be used as a target for treatment of aggressive KSB, especially inthe elderly.
Complete mitogenome of the semi-aquatic grasshopper Oxya intricate (Stål.) (Insecta: Orthoptera: Catantopidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The complete mitogenome of Oxya intricate (Stål.) has been reconstructed from whole-genome Illumina sequencing data with an average coverage of 294×. The circular genome is 15,466 bp in length, and consists of 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and 1 D-loop region. All PCGs are initiated with ATN codons, and are terminated with TAR codons except for ND5 with the incomplete stop codon T. The nucleotide composition is asymmetric (42.5%A, 14.6%C, 10.6%G, 32.3%T) with an overall GC content of 25.2%. These data would contribute to the design of novel molecular markers for population and evolutionary studies of this and related orthopteran species.
PEDAGOGY OF CONSTRUCTIVISM AS A METHODOLOGICAL MODEL FOR CONTEMPORARY CULTURE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article studies the main ideas of constructivist pedagogy and their influence on contemporary culture. The attention is focused on such issues as methodology of the learning process in pedagogy of constructivism. This problem is examined in the context of modern education. The author studies the links of pedagogy and constructivism with philosophical constructivist concepts (P. Watzlawick, H. Maturana and F. Varela). The author examines the positive and negative aspects of the constructivist methodology in the sphere of modern pedagogy. The analysis of constructivist pedagogy shows the semantic content of such principles of constructivism, as the specificity of the learning process as a process of constructing meanings, and problem-based learning, communicative approach to learning. Based on this, the study focuses on the understanding of the interaction of teacher and student in the learning process. The author pays special attention to the fact that according to the constructivist pedagogy the main subject of the process of education is not a teacher, but a pupil. This idea significantly transforms classical model of hierarchical learning. Thanks to the constructivist methodology, the author describes effective teaching methods in contemporary culture. It is noted that important components of the learning process in constructivism is the formation of motivation of the student, as well as a relaxed and creative approach to the learning process of the teacher. The author highlights a problem such as understanding learning as complex process of social interaction of a teacher and a pupil. This process forms value meanings tailored to the specific situations faced by the student. As necessary components of constructivist models of teaching the author highlights the practical orientation of the learning process, and changing requirements for teacher, which is understood in constructivist pedagogy not as much a mentor, but as a moderator of the learning process.
Bactericidal Antibody Response in the Pacific Hagfish, Eptatretus stoutii

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The hagfish, Eptatretus stoutii , has been shown to synthesize bactericidal antibodies after injections of gram-negative organisms. These bactericidins could be detected as early as 2 days after the primary injection. Secondary responses were accelerated, although titers were not significantly higher than those reached in the primary response. The bactericidins of hagfish were found to react with other gramnegative enteric bacteria, but not with gram-positive strains. The bactericidins show a lesser degree of specificity and a shorter induction period than other hagfish antibodies or most antibodies induced in higher vertebrates. The bactericidal activity was temperature dependent and could be irreversibly destroyed by heating at 50 C for 20 min. Immune sera were subjected to gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, and bactericidal activity was found to be associated with the excluded peak indicating a high-molecular-weight component. Evidence indicates that inducible immune responses of this bactericidal type represent a primitive capacity which arose before the emergence of vertebrate species.
Loan Default Identification and its Effect

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Now a days banking sector is on boom everyone is applying for loan but banks have limitation that they have limited assets so they can provide loan to limited loan applications but when they provide loan, they must assure that loan is being granted to only genuine customers. So, this paper focuses on we will try to lessen the uncertainty factor and assure the loan approval to genuine customers only and save the bank assets. That is performed by way of mining the massive data of the earlier data of the human beings to whom the loan become acknowledged earlier than and on the idea of those records/reviews the machine was skilled the use of the system mastering version which provide the maximum correct result. The main focus of the paper will be on the loan to be approved of those customers only who will be able to pay it back.
Nothing about us without us: a priority-setting partnership for research in type 1 diabetes and exercise

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Engaging patients in health research can align study questions and research designs with relevant priorities. Priorities for exercise-related research for persons living with type 1 diabetes (T1D) remain unclear. Methods: Individuals with lived experience of T1D were engaged in a modified James Lind Alliance process to identify research priorities in T1D and exercise. An online survey gathered research questions from patients, caregivers and healthcare providers across Canada. Submissions were qualitatively analyzed and the resulting long-list was distributed to a 12-person stakeholder steering committee. Members individually ranked their top ten questions and rankings were collated to create a short-list, discussed in a final workshop. Results: 115 individuals across Canada completed the survey, yielding 194 research questions. After qualitative analysis, 38 questions were long-listed and following committee ranking, 24 questions were short-listed for workshop discussions. The top 10 were: (1) What explains the individual variation in the response to exercise?; (2) Which is the best for maintaining glycemic stability and glucose tolerance: aerobic training, strength training, or a combination of both? If a combination, does the order matter?; (3) What modes of exercise produce the best health benefits while maintaining tight glycemic control?; (4) What dietary plans can safely and effectively be followed for an active lifestyle in type 1 diabetes without compromising pre- and post-exercise glycemic control?; (5) What is the optimal time of day and exercise prescription (example: how often, what type, how intense) in order to maintain ideal glycemic control and insulin sensitivity?; (6) What is the best method of preventing post-exercise hypo- or hyperglycemia?; (7) Will certain glycemic ranges before starting exercise consistently result in hypo- or hyperglycemia?; (8) What effect can various levels of hydration have on blood sugar levels during and after exercise?; (9) How does hypo- or hyperglycemia affect muscle growth and strength training progress, or vice versa?; and (10) What is the effect of climate/temperature on blood sugar control during exercise and what causes this effect?. Conclusion: This list could inform future iterations of exercise studies for persons with T1D. The prioritized questions focused on lifestyle differences, optimal glucose control and performance progression.
Knowledge of geographical map at the end of primary school education in Serbia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper presents the results of one part of empirical research conducted for the purpose of conceiving the proposal of educational standards for the subject Geography at the end of primary school education. The goal was to determine the extent to which the students were trained to orient themselves and use cartographic method in the process of using geographical map. Research comprised the representative sample of 919 students of the final grade in 159 Serbian primary schools. Achievement Test served for studying the levels of students' knowledge and skills in the field of Geographic Skills. Besides this, the questionnaire studied students' opinion on learning outcomes in this field, and by analyzing contingency tables, the correlation between students' success in geography at the end of the first term of the eighth grade and their opinion about learning outcomes in the afore-mentioned field was determined. The findings of this research indicate that students are not sufficiently trained to orient themselves in space and on geographical map, as well as to use geographical map in instruction. Besides, it was established that there is a correlation between students' success and their opinion on learning outcomes in the field of Geographic Skills.