jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Osteoclasts take part in modulation for bone marrow hematopoietic microenvironment--review].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Bone marrow hematopoietic microenvironment occupies the medullary cavities of bones throughout the skeleton and provides support for hematopoiesis and immune cells development. Bone-resorbing osteoclasts in bone marrow environment are specialized cells derived from the hematopoietic stem cells and play a pivotal role in process termed as bone remodeling that involves break down and build-up of bone. It is only recently that studies have provided a novel basis for understanding potential role of osteoclasts in homeostasis, stress-induced mobilization of hematopoietic progenitors and osteoimmunology. Further exploration on the interaction of osteoclasts with others in bone marrow hematopoietic microenvironment may contribute to future clinical treatments for hematopoietic and bone-related immunologic disorders including cancer. In this review the origin and identification of osteoclasts and regulation of mobilizing hematopoietic stem cells, as well as osteoclasts and osteoimmunity were mainly concerned.
MARKERS OF PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LESION IN DIABETES MELLITUS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The article is devoted to the diabetic polyneuropathy – frequency, possibilities of diagnostics, including those with use of instrumental methods. Own data about possibilities to detect asymptomatic lesion of the peripheral nervous system in diabetes mellitus patients are provided. Effectiveness of the therapy of this state with the help of one of the drugs of the thioctic acid based drugs (Berlithione®).
A Study on Indicator Bacteria for Water Quality Management of Urban Artificial Lakes

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Distribution of fecal pollution indicator bacteria and environmental parameter were investigated of urban artificial lakes. An average concentration of temperature, pH, SS, DO, $COD_{Mn}$, T-P, T-N, Turbidity, Chl-a were $21.5^{\circ}C$, 8.07, 116.70 mg/l, 8.66 mg/l, 2.24 mg/1, 0.52 mg/l, 1.71mg/l, 80.54 NTU, and 52.12 mg/l respectively. From the results of bivariate correlation analysis, fecal contamination indicator bacteria were found to be mutually correlated. And turbidity and suspended solid were correlated. From the results of principal component analysis, four factors were extracted. And four factors of variance explained up to 81.5 percentage. Factor 1 was pollution pattern by fecal contamination, factor 2 was physical pollution pattern by pollution source, factor 3 was natural pollution by precipitation, and factor 4 was artificial pollution pattern by organism.
CORRELATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE OF SOME PHYSICAL HEALTH INDICATORS BEFORE AND DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Since chronic diseases make up the majority of health care costs, it is essential to prevent or delay the onset of chronic diseases through preventive services and early detection of impaired physical health indicators. The aims of this study were to evaluate the correlations and infrastructure of some physical health indicators before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Armenian population. A case-control study of 778 was conducted in Armenia before and during the pandemic. Bioimpedance testing was applied using the Multiscan BS-OXI instrument. As the results of the study showed, during the COVID-19 pandemic indicators of stress resistance, endothelium and wellness decreased significantly, while the average score of the body composition index did not change. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant direct correlation was found between stress resistance and endothelium, stress resistance and wellness, endothelium and body composition, endothelium and wellness, and body composition and wellness indicators. During the pandemic, a reliable correlation was established between stress resistance and endothelium, stress resistance and body composition, stress resistance and wellness, endothelium and wellness indicators.; Thus, we conclude, that during COVID-19 pandemic significantly decreased stress resistance, endothelium function, and wellness indicators. It is a priority to create programs to improve health during and after the pandemic and focus on programs to increase stress resistance, endothelial function, and wellness indicators (for example, physical activity and fitness).
Determinants of Systemic Risk of Banks in India

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study examines the determinants of systemic risk for banks in India. The independent variables considered for the study include the sector, bank size, return on assets, beta, leverage, capital adequacy, non-performing assets, price to book value, deposits, loans & advances, investments, net interest income, and non-interest income. A mixed panel regression model was applied, with bank fixed effects and year random effects.The results of the study indicate that public sector banks have a much higher level of systemic impact than private sector banks. Further, the determinants of systemic impact are different for public sector and private sector banks. The systemic impact of public sector banks was positively related with size and negatively related with price to book value ratio and investments to total assets ratio, while the systemic impact of private sector banks was negatively related with return on assets and positively related with beta and net interest income to total funds ratio.
Laplace transform of waveforms with hysteretic distortion

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A brief account of the exponential model introduces the reader to one of the mathematical descriptions of the double non‐linearity of the hysteretic phenomena. The model described here satisfies the requirement for calculating the Laplace transforms in closed form for excitation waveforms constructed of straight lines. The method is demonstrated by applying it to a triangular excitation in the hysteretic process. It is shown that the Laplace transform of the induction waveform can also be calculated when the same excitation waveform is being applied in an anhysteretic process. It is also shown that when the excitation is small and falls within the limits of the Rayleigh region the calculation becomes simpler. This is demonstrated by formulating the Laplace transform of the induction waveform that resulted from triangular excitation in the Rayleigh region for both the hysteretic and anhysteretic cases.
INTERTEXTUALITY AS INDEX OF THE IDIOSTYLE Y. IZDRYK: POETONYMOUS ASPECT OF TEXT-STOCKING

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The philological expression of the structural features of intertextuality and its varieties in the prose of the prominent representative of postmodernism in Ukrainian literature of Yurij Izdryk are analyzed in the paper. The poetonym aspect of intertextuality as a text-discursive category in contemporary postmodern fiction is foregrounded. It is proved that the name of the literary character is a component of the general game of the postmodern author with the reader that affects the structure and semantics of proper names. Examining the components of the Yurij Izdryk’s prose intertextuality, it was found that the postmodernist writer significantly expanded and diversified poetonym means of expressiveness, social and intellectual significance of literary poetonyms. It was found that historical and geographical names, cultural phenomena, proper names of the famous figures of history, politics, art and culture dominate among intertextual nominations in postmodern fiction that contributes to the perception of the idea of the literary work by the reader. It is proved that Yurij Izdryk uses intertextual nomination in the language game together with the violations of the spelling rules aimed at provocation, strengthening of the expressive function of the postmodern prose. It is revealed that being in the aesthetic coordinates of postmodernism Yurij Izdryk does not only realistically reproduce the linguistic world of social texts, but also actively works, experiments in order to create characteristic carnival atmosphere of the postmodern prose that also affects the onym segment of the belles-lettres work.
QCD critical point: what it takes to discover

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This report summarizes the results of the work done in collaboration with K. Rajagopal and E. Shuryak. We analyze the physics behind the event-by-event fluctuations in heavy ion collisions. Using thermodynamic description of the ensemble of events we analyze and quantify various effects that are sensitive to the proximity of the critical point on the phase diagram of QCD.
Prevalence of Rickettsia in ticks collected near I-90 in Upper Kittitas County

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Ticks transmit more pathogens than any other group of blood-feeding arthropods, causing disease in humans as well as domestic and wild animals. Rickettsia is a genus of bacteria that is transmitted by arthropod vectors, including ticks. Dermacentor ticks become infected with Rickettsia by feeding on infected mammals and/or through vertical transmission from parent to offspring. Rickettsia is transmitted to humans through tick bite, suggesting that rickettsia is localized in the salivary glands of the tick. Spotted fever group (SFG) Rickettsia cause human disease and is seen predominantly in the southeastern United States during mid-spring through late summer. Spotted fever rickettsioses also occurs in Washington but little research has been done on the prevalence of pathogenic and non-pathogenic Rickettsias in eastern Washington. In this study, we collected ticks from small mammals trapped along the I-90 corridor. DNA was extracted from twenty ticks and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect bacterial DNA. Forward and reverse primers of Rr190.70 were used to identify the presence of Rickettsia DNA. Of the 20 ticks tested, 16 (80%) were positive for Rickettsia. Screening ticks for disease-causing pathogens provides useful epidemiological information on their distribution and the prevalence of pathogens that pose veterinary and medical health risks.
Protocol-Guided Learning as a Facilitator of the Integration of Project-Based Learning into Chinese Compulsory Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Currently, there are growing conversations about how to successfully integrate project-based learning into regular curricular instruction at the compulsory education level in China. Protocol-guided learning, which originated in Chinese basic education, has proven to be one of the most productive teaching methods in recent decades. It shares comparable educational philosophies with project-based learning and has the potential to compensate for the inadequacy of the latter’s application in Chinese compulsory education by providing effective implementation paths for it. The purpose of this article is to reveal the significance of the protocol-guided learning method for the successful implementation of project-based learning in China by pinpointing the issues the project-based learning approach faces, delineating the characteristics of protocol-guided learning, and expounding on its potential roles in supporting the application of project-based learning in Chinese compulsory education schools.
Synthesis and stability of 2+1 complexes of N,N-diethylbenzoylthiourea with [MI(CO)3]+ (M = Re, 99mTc)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In the last two decades, the fac-[MI(OH2)3(CO)3]+ (M = Re, 99mTc) core has been an important synthon in the development of new radiopharmaceuticals and methodologies. A bidentate N,N-diethylbenzoylthiourea (HEt2btu, H1) ligand was reacted with fac-[MI(OH2)3(CO)3]+ as part of a 2+1 strategy consisting of a bidentate and a monodentate ligands to saturate the coordination sphere. When excess H1 was used in the reaction, an unusual 2+1 complex of fac-[ReI(CO)3(1)(H1)], 2, was isolated that contained two H1 ligands, OS bidentate and S monodentate in different protonation states. Equimolar concentrations of HEt2btu and fac-[ReI(CO)3]+ generated the single addition of the ligand, however, isolation of the solid revealed a μ-sulfur bridged dimer of fac-[ReI(CO)31)]2, 3. Reaction of H1 with fac-[MI(OH2)3(CO)3]+ followed by addition of a monodentate ligand (i.e., pyridine, methyl imidazole, cyclohexyl isocyanide, triphenylphosphine) yielded the corresponding 2+1 fac-[MI(CO)3(1)(L)] complexes. Single crystal X-ray structural analysis of the Re complexes revealed conformational differences of the ligand on the metal depending on the protonation state of the central amine in the protonated H1 vs. 1 ligand. Comparison of these complexes with previous complexes and free H1 revealed significant shifts in the bond angles, bond lengths, and ligand planarity that are discussed further. The corresponding 2+1 fac-[99mTcI(CO)3(OS-1)(L)] complexes were also prepared in moderate to good yields and their stability examined by amino acid challenge studies.
MODIFIKASI GIGI MANUSIA BINANGUN DAN LERAN: “TEMUAN BARU DI KAWASAN PANTAI UTARA KABUPATEN REMBANG, JAWA TENGAH”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Something interesting about the findings of the human skeleton in Binangun and Leran Prehistoric Burial Sites is the modification of the human teeth that is extremely rare found in prehistoric grave in Java as well as in Indonesia. Such tradition is still practiced in Java and Bali by leveling the top or bottom front teeth (Jawa: pangur tradition). Forms of human teeth of Binangun, Leran 1 and Leran 2 are very unique, teeth of Binangun is tapered while human teeth of Leran 1 and Leran 2 shaped like a flower bud. Anatomically the shape of teeth can be altered by a person in the habit of using his teeth. But variations in tooth shape as found in individuals in the Binangun and Leran sites, Rembang regency, Central Java province, in general is the result of a tribal culture.
Meta-analysis - interpretation of forest plots: A wood for the trees

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A forest plot is a graphical tool to visualise and interpret the summary of estimated results in a meta-analysis. However, it is limited by its inability to control for random error, publication bias, heterogeneity, and confounding factors. Therefore, the interpretation can be misleading, resulting in flawed conclusions. A careful interpretation and other complementing techniques are necessary to comprehensively summarise evidence in meta-analyses, reducing the risk of erroneous conclusions. The present review explores the components of forest plots, how to interpret them correctly, fundamental limitations, and techniques to mitigate them, along with examples to provide practical insights to ensure more accurate and reliable meta-analytic results.
The Spatial-Temporal Distribution of GOCI-Derived Suspended Sediment in Taiwan Coastal Water Induced by Typhoon Soudelor

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper discusses the use of a Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) to monitor the spatial–temporal distribution of suspended sediment (SS) along the coastal waters of northern Taiwan which was affected by Typhoon Soudelor from 8 to 10 August 2015. High temporal resolution satellite images derived from GOCI were processed to generate four-day average images of SS for pre- and post-typhoon periods. By using these four-day average images, characteristics of SS along the north of Taiwan coastal water can be tracked. The results show that SS concentration increased in the four-day average image immediately after the typhoon (11–14 August), and then decreased in the four-day average image 9 to 12 days after the typhoon (19–22 August). The mouths of the Dajia River and Tamsui River were hotspots of SS, ranging from 9 to 15 g/m3 during the two post-typhoon periods. Moreover, the maximum suspended sediment (SSmax) and its corresponding time (tmax) can be computed using GOCI hourly images for the post-typhoon period from 08:30 on 11 August to 08:30 on 22 August. The results show that SSmax occurred in the west coastal water within 4 days post-typhoon, and SSmax occurred in the east coastal water 9 to 12 days post-typhoon. Furthermore, an exponential decay model was used to compute the time when 90% of typhoon-induced SS was dissipated after Typhoon Soudelor (t90). It was found that t90 in the mouths of the Tamsui River and Heping River was the longest among all coastal waters of our study area, with a range of 360–480 h. River discharge and ocean currents with suspended sediment concentration are discussed.
[Primed in situ labelling of human metaphase chromosomes].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Primed in situ labelling (PRINS) contributes to the elucidation of the organization of eukaryotic chromosomes and provides an alternative way to localize gene on chromosomes. Here we present the results of random primer and SOX degenerate primer PRINS on human metaphase chromosomes. The particular band pattern of dark and light was observed by using random primer PRINS. SOX degenerate primer PRINS revealed more SOX gene loci and proved further that SOX genes were not clustered on human chromosomes.
Vascular anomalies of the middle ear

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The patient presenting with a red mass behind the eardrum and a pulsating tinnitus may well have a vascular tumor. One must be ever mindful, however, that the mass may represent a congential vascular anomaly. The most common one seen is the uncovered jugular bulb in which the vessel extends superiorly into the middle ear to or above the incudostapedial joint. More rare is the uncovered and posteriorly displaced carotid artery. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on the subject of vascular anomalies of the middle ear and temporal bone and to discuss the diagnosis and management of these lesions. Illustrative case reports with color photographs are presented as well.
Evidence That γδ versus αβ T Cell Fate Determination Is Initiated Independently of T Cell Receptor Signaling

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Two types of T cells, αβ and γδ, develop in vertebrates. How these two T cell lineages arise from a common thymic T progenitor is poorly understood. Differentiation of αβ lineage T cells requires the surrogate α chain (pTα), which associates with the T cell receptor (TCR) β chain to form the pre-TCR. γδ lineage development does not appear to involve an obligatory surrogate chain, but instead requires productive rearrangement and expression of both TCR γ and δ genes. It has been proposed that the quality of signals transmitted by the pre-TCR and γδ TCR are distinct and that these “instructive” signals determine the lineage fate of an uncommitted progenitor cell. Here we show that the thymic T progenitor cells (CD25+CD44+c-kit+CD3−CD4−CD8− thymocytes, termed pro-T cells) from young adult mice that have yet to express TCRs can be subdivided based on interleukin 7 receptor (IL-7R) expression. These subsets exhibit differential potential to develop into γδ versus αβ lineage (CD4+CD8+ cells) in the thymus. Upon intrathymic injection, IL-7Rneg-lo pro-T cells generated a 13-fold higher ratio of αβ lineage to γδ lineage cells than did IL-7R+ pro-T cells. Much of this difference was due to a fivefold greater potential of IL-7R+ pro-T cells to develop into TCR-γδ T cells. Evidence indicates that this biased developmental potential is not a result of enhanced TCR-γ gene rearrangement/expression in IL-7R+ pro-T cells. These results indicate that the pro-T cells are heterogeneous in developmental potential before TCR gene rearrangement and suggest that in some precursor cells the initial lineage commitment is independent of TCR-mediated signals.
Globalization and social inequalities in Europe: assessment and outlook

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this article is to consider the social cohesion of the European Union which is today subjected to significant constraints by globalization and by the growing economic divergence between member States, especially in the Euro zone. The statistical assessment of this situation allows us to clearly establish the ascent of poverty and exclusion in Europe. The European Commission as well as the civil society is trying to remedy this crisis notably by means of European syndicalism whose propositions are closely analyzed in the following article. That being said, the macro-economic context is very damaged today and it unequally affects the member States of the Euro zone. A strength or even a mutation in European regulation seems necessary to promote a new economic and social regime in the Union.
The Visual Appearance of the Sketches

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract THE sheer visual appearance of Beethoven’s sketches has deterred many a scholar from making full use of them. Quite apart from the fact that related sketches are now often in widely separated locations and have presented formidable difficulties for reconstructing the sketchbooks as Beethoven used them, there are considerable problems in simply deciphering what he has written. It therefore seems desirable here to discuss first the nature and appearance of the sketches, and the problems of deciphering and transcribing them into ordinary notation, before examining their contents in detail; for an understanding of what they signify and in what ways they may be ambiguous is greatly helped by a knowledge of their peculiar notational features and Beethoven’s idiosyncratic handwriting. Moreover there has hitherto been no detailed discussion of what are the principal difficulties of reading the sketches, and how these difficulties may be overcome.
Biology, genetics, functional genomics, evolution, and epidemics caused by the stripe rust pathogen

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Puccinia striiformis, an obligate biotrophic parasite, causes stripe rust of wheat, barley, and many grasses. Stripe rust of wheat is important worldwide and can cause yield losses up to 4.5 million tones plus millions of dollars spent on chemical control in the United States. The basidiomycete fungus has been recently demonstrated, under controlled conditions, to have a heteroecious macrocyclic life cycle consisting of five spore stages with uredinial, telial, and basidial stages on cereals and grasses, and pycnial and aecial stages on Berberis and Mahonia species. However, the role of alternate hosts for sexual reproduction of the fungus under the natural conditions in the United States is limited due to the enclosed telia that are covered by host epidermis, lack of dormancy, and degradation of teliospores in the winter, in addition to the dry weather conditions when teliospores are able to germinate and the mismatching phenology of barberry plants. As a suicidal factor, telial formation reduces the production of urediniospores, and thus reduces the aggressiveness and fitness of the pathogen. Mapping populations have been developed through sexual reproduction on barberry and used to construct a consensus map of the fungus and for mapping virulence loci using simple sequence repeat (SSR), single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and genotyping by sequencing (GBS) markers. Molecular markers also have been used to determine the genetic structure of the pathogen population and evolutionary mechanisms. Mutation and somatic recombination have been determined as major mechanisms for the pathogen to produce new races and genotypes, and host selection plays an important role in shifting the population. As auxiliary hosts, grasses have been found to harbor more diverse populations. The secretomics of the stripe rust pathogen is studied to identify virulence effectors and determine mechanisms of the pathogen-host interactions for developing more efficient strategies for control of stripe rust