jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Preoperative serum levels of sialyl Lewis(a), sialyl Lewis(x), and sialyl Tn antigens as prognostic markers after curative resection for colorectal cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this study, we examined the preoperative serum levels of sialyl Lewisa, sialyl LewisX, sialyl Tn, and carcinoembryonic antigen in 243 colorectal cancer patients in order to clarify the role of these antigens as prognostic factors after curative surgery. The patients were divided into two groups: low and high antigen groups (lower and higher than a selected diagnostic-based cut-off value). Patients with high serum levels of sialyl Lewisa and carcinoembryonic antigen had shorter disease-free intervals than those with low serum levels of the respective antigen, although sialyl Lewisx and sialyl Tn showed no significant differences. Multivariate analysis revealed that three independent prognostic variables, including depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, and serum sialyl Lewisa level, did prove to have value in predicting disease-free interval. In conclusion, among the four antigens examined in this study, the preoperative serum level of sialyl Lewisa is the only independent prognostic variable for recurrence after curative resection of colorectal cancer.
Why Derek Parfit had reasons to accept the Repugnant Conclusion

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Total views imply what Derek Parfit has called ‘the repugnant conclusion’. There are several strategies aimed at debunking the intuition that this implication is repugnant. In particular, it goes away when we consider the principle of unrestricted instantiation, according to which any instantiation of the repugnant conclusion must appear repugnant if we should be warranted in relying on it as evidence against total theories. However, there are instantiations of the conclusion where it doesn't seem to be at all repugnant. Hence there is nothing repugnant about the repugnant conclusion as such. The faults with total views have nothing to do with large numbers or with the conclusion as such. It is possible, if you like, to correct these putative faults even if you adopt some total view (different from utilitarianism).
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Synthesis and Displacement Reactions of Model 2‐(Alkylthio)‐6‐chloro‐ and 2,6‐Dichlorothieno[2,3‐e][1,4,2]dithiazine 1,1‐Dioxides.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Dithiazines (V) are evaluated for their antibacterial activity against E.
Peri-Intubation Cardiac Arrest in the Pediatric Emergency Department: A Novel System of Care

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Patients with physiologic disorders, such as hypoxemia or hypotension, are at high risk of peri-intubation cardiac arrest. Standardization improves emergency tracheal intubation safety, but no published reports describe initiatives to reduce the risk of cardiac arrest. This initiative aims to improve the care of children at risk of peri-intubation cardiac arrest in a pediatric emergency department (PED). We specifically aimed to increase the number of patients between those with peri-intubation cardiac arrest by 50%, from a baseline of 11–16, over 12-months. Methods: Our multidisciplinary team outlined a theory of improvement and designed interventions aimed at key drivers. The primary intervention was creating a PICU-ED Team (PET) and a checklist to guide the assessment and mitigation of risk for peri-intubation arrest and rapid consultation of the pediatric intensivists. The PET was iteratively refined, and we collected data by a video review of tracheal intubations. Results: Fifty-one patients with risk factors for peri-intubation arrest underwent tracheal -intubation in the PED from January 2016 to March 2020: 14 with PET activation since PET go-live in April 2019. None of the 14 PET patients had a peri-intubation cardiac arrest. Ninety-three percent (13/14) of PET patients were intubated in the PED, and 78% (10/13) of these patients had the first intubation attempt completed by PED physicians (balancing measures). Conclusion: We successfully developed the PET to mitigate the risk of peri-intubation cardiac arrest without significantly reducing key procedural opportunities for the PED. Initial data are promising, but further refinement is needed.
Complete, Closed Genome Sequences of 10 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Typhimurium Strains Isolated from Human and Bovine Sources

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica is a leading cause of enterocolitis for humans and animals. S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium infects a broad range of hosts. To facilitate genomic comparisons among isolates from different sources, we present the complete genome sequences of 10 S . Typhimurium strains, 5 each isolated from human and bovine sources.
Reduction of obesity and related diseases by targeted nutritional treatment

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

With 2.3 billion overweight and 700 million obese adults worldwide in 2015 (WHO), obesity and consequently diabetes type II are among the biggest global health problems. Even though dietary and lifestyle changes may eventually reduce obesity for some individuals, new safe and more efficacious drugs are required for successful weight reduction and treatment of type 2 diabetes in a large proportion of obese individuals. It has been shown that various G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed in various tissues such as liver, muscle, pancreatic islets, immune cells and the central nervous system are involved. GPCRs are important targets for food components. The members of this large family of membrane proteins are involved in virtually every physiological process. This study will focus on the interaction between food ligands and GPCRs.
Dynamic Change of Focal Fatty Sparing in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease after Treatment with Sitagliptin

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered to be a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and is associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia (T. Fukuhara et al. Hepatogastroenterology 2014; 61: 323–328).
Validating the Health Literacy Promotion Practices Assessment Instrument

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: How health care professionals address health literacy as part of the provider-client relationship is important for prevention and promoting self-management and symptom management. Research usually focuses on patients' health literacy and fails to examine provider practices, thus leaving a gap in the literature and patient outcomes analyses. Objective: The study tested the reliability and validity of a series of questions developed to evaluate health care provider health literacy promotion practices on an interprofessional sample. Methods: This exploratory cross-sectional study took place between 2013 and 2015. Participants included graduate level health professions students from nursing, midwifery, medicine, pharmacy, and social work. Exploratory factor analyses with varimax rotation examined the reliability and validity of the instrument as a measure of health literacy promotion practices. Key Results: Of the participants in the programs, 198 completed the health literacy questions in the online survey. Exploratory factor analysis showed that questions loaded on two factors connected with either individual or organizational characteristics that facilitated health literacy promotion practices. The Cronbach's alpha for the instrument was 0.95. Conclusions: This study helped determine the reliability and validity of the items as measures of providers' health literacy practices. Future research will help to further establish the stability of the instrument as a measure and increase its potential reliability when linking provider practices to health literacy sensitive client outcomes. Testing the instrument separately and concurrently with each health profession is recommended until instrument stability across professional roles has been established. [ Health Literacy Research and Practice . 2017;1(4):e239–e246.] Plain Language Summary: We sought to develop a survey instrument people could use to assess how health care providers help patients understand their health better. After getting responses from 198 health care providers, we ran statistical tests to check the quality of the questions for measuring provider practices. We found the questions were good at evaluating provider practices around promoting patient understanding of health issues.
‘It’s Not Really a Part of Standard Practice’: Institutional Silencing of Sexuality Within Australian Mental Health Settings

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Research seeking to understand and improve sexuality-related practice in mental health settings has paid little attention to the institutional context in which clinicians’ practice is embedded. Through a social constructionist lens, we used thematic analysis to examine how 22 Australian mental health clinicians implicated the wider institutional context when discussing and making sense of sexuality-related silence within their work. Interviews were part of a study exploring participants’ perceptions of sexuality and sexual health in their work more generally. Broader silences that shaped and reinforced participants’ perceptions and practice choices were situated in professional education; workplace cultures; and the tools, procedures and policies that directed clinical practice. We argue that sexuality-related silence in mental health settings is located in the institutional context in which clinicians learn and work, and discuss how orienting to this broader context will benefit research and interventions to improve sexuality-related practice across health settings.
Decreased tuftsin concentrations in patients who have undergone splenectomy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Serum tuftsin concentrations were measured, using a radioimmunoassay developed in Israel, in normal subjects and in patients who had undergone splenectomy. Concentrations in those who had undergone traumatic and elective splenectomy were much lower. The tuftsin concentration in 38 patients with Hodgkin's disease who had undergone splenectomy during staging laparotomy was not significantly different from the mean concentration in other patients who had had elective splenectomy. In four patients who underwent splenectomy for non-malignant haematological disorders measurements made before and after operation showed that tuftsin concentrations fell significantly in the days after operation. The increased susceptibility to overwhelming infections of patients with Hodgkin's disease and others who have undergone splenectomy may be related to the low tuftsin concentrations. As pre-splenectomy tuftsin concentrations in patients with Hodgkin's disease were normal, the practice of performing staging laparotomy and splenectomy in patients with Hodgkin's disease should perhaps be reconsidered.
P17 Biomarker levels in white and British Indian vegetarians and non-vegetarians in the UK biobank

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

A comprehensive description of disease biomarker levels in people of different habitual diet groups is lacking. We conducted cross-sectional analyses of mean biomarker concentrations by diet group in a large cohort.

Methods

The UK Biobank recruited around 500,000 middle aged participants throughout the United Kingdom in 2006–2010. Blood and urine samples were collected from the majority of participants, and assayed for a range of serum and urinary biomarkers related to disease status of six outcomes (cardiovascular diseases, bone and joint health, cancer, diabetes, renal disease, and liver). Using multivariable linear regression adjusted for age, sex, fasting status, body mass index and lifestyle confounders, we estimated geometric mean biomarkers concentrations by six diet groups (221,295 regular meat-eaters, 222,038 low meat-eaters, 5,053 poultry eaters, 10,470 fish eaters, 6,804 vegetarians, 416 vegans) in white British participants, and two diet groups in British Indian participants (4091 meat eaters, 1444 vegetarians).

Results

We observed differences in the concentrations of many biomarkers by diet group. The biomarkers with the largest percentage difference by extreme diet groups (i.e. vegans versus regular meat-eaters) within each disease outcome group in the white British population are reported below. Compared with white British regular meat-eaters, white British vegans had lower C-reactive protein (1.10, 1.00–1.21 versus 1.43, 1.43–1.44 mg/L) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (3.12, 3.06–3.19 versus 3.65, 3.65–3.65 mmol/L); lower vitamin D (34.3, 33.0–35.8 versus 44.5, 44.4–44.5 nmol/L); higher sex hormone-binding globulin (51.1, 48.9–53.3 versus 45.0, 44.9–45.0 nmol/L); lower haemoglobin A1C (HbA1C, 33.8, 33.4–34.2 versus 35.2, 35.2–35.2 mmol/mol); lower urinary creatinine (5389, 5076–5723 versus 7289, 7269–7308 µmol/L); and lower gamma glutamyltransferase (23.4, 22.1–24.7 versus 29.7, 29.6–29.8 U/L). Patterns were similar in British Indians, with the exception of HbA1C which was not significantly different between meat-eaters and vegetarians. In both ethnicities, the differences in biomarker levels by diet group were consistent between men and women.

Conclusion

In this large population cohort, participants of different diet groups exhibited differences in many biomarkers. These biomarkers are associated with disease risk, and therefore the observed differences may be suggestive of differences in future disease risks by diet group, which should be further investigated.
Discovering Supernovae at the Epoch of Reionization with the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Massive stars play critical roles for the reionization of the universe. Individual massive stars at the reionization epoch ( z > 6) are too faint to observe and quantify their contributions to reionization. Some massive stars, however, explode as superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) or pair-instability supernovae (PISNe) that are luminous enough to observe even at z > 6 and allow for the direct characterization of massive star properties at the reionization epoch. In addition, hypothetical long-sought-after PISNe are expected to be present preferentially at high redshifts, and their discovery will have a tremendous impact on our understanding of massive star evolution and the formation of stellar mass black holes. The near-infrared Wide Field Instrument on the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will excel at discovering such rare high-redshift supernovae. In this work, we investigate the best survey strategy to discover and identify SLSNe and PISNe at z > 6 with Roman. We show that the combination of the F158 and F213 filters can clearly separate both SLSNe and PISNe at z > 6 from nearby supernovae through their colors and magnitudes. The limiting magnitudes are required to be 27.0 mag and 26.5 mag in the F158 and F213 filters, respectively, to identify supernovae at z > 6. If we conduct a 10 deg 2 transient survey with these limiting magnitudes for five years with a cadence of one year, we expect to discover 22.5 ± 2.8 PISNe and 3.1 ± 0.3 SLSNe at z > 6, depending on the cosmic star formation history. The same survey is estimated to discover 76.1 ± 8.2 PISNe and 9.1 ± 0.9 SLSNe at 5 < z < 6. Such a supernova survey requires the total observational time of approximately 525 hr in five years. The legacy data acquired with the survey will also be beneficial for many different science cases including the study of high-redshift galaxies.
An Evaluation of Normal Versus Lognormal Distribution in Data Description and Empirical Analysis

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Contrast analysis is a relatively simple but effective statistical method for testing theoretical predictions about differences between group means against the empirical data. Despite its advantages, contrast analysis is hardly used to date, perhaps because it is not implemented in a convenient manner in many statistical software packages. This tutorial demonstrates how to conduct contrast analysis through the specification of the so-called L (the contrast or test matrix) and M matrix (the transformation matrix) as implemented in many statistical software packages, including SPSS and Stata. Through a series of carefully chosen examples, the main principles and applications of contrast analysis are explained for data obtained with between- and within-subject designs, and for designs that involve a combination of between- and within-subject factors (i.e., mixed designs). SPSS and Stata syntaxes as well as simple manual calculations are provided for both significance testing and contrast-relevant effect sizes (e.g., η2 alerting). Taken together, the reader is provided with a comprehensive and powerful toolbox to test all kinds of theoretical predictions about cell means against the empirical data.
Comparison of the novel Uroquattro HB&amp;L™ system and classical phenotypic method for rapid screening of multidrug-resistant organism colonization at the University Hospital Centre Split, Croatia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background. Infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) are difficult to treat and associated with poor outcomes for patients. Therefore, early identification and management of colonization are essential as first steps in infection prevention. Culture-based methods have been widely used for MDRO screening. The turnaround time (TAT) for the identification of carriers varies between 48-72 h with this method. The aim of our study was to compare the performance of the new rapid semiautomatic method for detection of MDRO (HB&amp;L Uroquattro, Alifax) with standard cultivation on selective media. Methods. Twenty-one axillary, 20 nose and 19 rectal swabs were taken in duplicate on two selected days at the University Hospital Centre Split, Croatia. Swabs were cultivated and MDRO isolates were identified on selective media (Chromagar MRSA and Chromagar ESBL) according to the standard operating procedure. Novel Alifax method was performed according to manufacturer’s instructions. Results. TAT for the new method was significantly lower (6.5 h) in comparison to the classical method. With classical method, 10 extended spectrum ß-lactamases (ESBL) producing strains from 10 different rectal specimens were isolated on Chromagar ESBL media. Exactly the same specimens were positive for the presence of ESBL-producing bacteria by rapid Alifax method. On selective Chromagar MRSA media, 11 MDRO were isolated, while rapid method detected 11 MDRO from the same specimens. Conclusions. High concordance of positive and negative results obtained with classical and rapid method is encouraging. However, our study was performed on a small sample size and further research with larger sample size is needed.
An investigation into the relationship between gambling frequency and problem gambling severity.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

There is interest from the public health community and the British public to introduce new gambling policies to prevent gambling-harm. A potential policy is a restriction on gambling advertising. We know from the literature that gambling advertisements can increase the frequency of gambling. There are also studies which have looked at the relationship between gambling frequency and Problem Gambling Severity Index (a measure of risk of harm) both in the UK and internationally. The one study conducted in England that looked at this relationship used a PGSI score of >=1 to indicate harm. This current analysis will expand on this by looking at the full range of PGSI scores and PGSI categories as the outcome of interest and how these are influenced by gambling frequency, using data from England and Scotland.
DESCRIPTION OF CUSTOM THREAD IGM TECHNIQUE WITH USE OF PDO FACIAL SUPPORT THREADS IN THE OROFACIAL HARMONIZATION.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The aim of this article was to describe a thread lifting procedure used for face lifting and skin rejuvenation, developed by the Doctor Molina Dental Institute (IGM, in the Portuguese acronym), termed “IGM custom thread technique” that has shown excellent results in facial tissue repositioning for facial harmonization. In this study, rather than presenting the results, we have described and discussed the proposed custom thread injection technique.
Excipient knowledgebase: Development of a comprehensive tool for understanding the disposition and interaction potential of common excipients

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Although the use of excipients is widespread, a thorough understanding of the drug interaction potential of these compounds remains a frequent topic of current research. Not only can excipients alter the disposition of coformulated drugs, but it is likely that these effects on co‐administered drugs can reach to clinical significance leading to potential adverse effects or loss of efficacy. These risks can be evaluated through use of in silico methods of mechanistic modeling, including approaches, such as population pharmacokinetic (PK) and physiologically‐based PK modeling, which require a comprehensive understanding of the compounds to ensure accurate predictions. We established a knowledgebase of the available compound (or substance) and interaction‐specific parameters with the goal of providing a single source of physiochemical, in vitro, and clinical PK and interaction data of commonly used excipients. To illustrate the utility of this knowledgebase, a model for cremophor EL was developed and used to hypothesize the potential for CYP3A‐ and P‐gp‐based interactions as a proof of concept.
Study of frontal view of the face in norml babies.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The anatomical morphology of the lip and nose is very important for cleft lip surgery. The purpose of this study was to analyze the morphology around the nose and mouth in normal babies. We took photographs of 410 normal Japanese 3-to 5-month-old babies' faces from the same distance using a head fixation and photo apparatus to examine the difference in sex and both side as well as possible correlation among various determined. items. The results obtained are as follows.1. Standard values were obtained for normal Japanese 3-to 5-month-old babies' faces.2. Males had larger values than females in almost all items examined.3. Determined values in transvers direction left side were larger than those for the right side.4. No correlation was observed in this study.
Electromagnetic drift-BGK Structures Induced by Magnetic Shear

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Kinetic effects associated with the nonlinear electromagnetic drift mode are studied using the drift-kinetic description for electrons and fluid ions. We construct a fully nonlinear stationary solution which represents a quasi three-dimensional chain of electron holes. The localization of the electron holes in the perpendicular direction arises from their coupling with the sheared magnetic field via hydrodynamic vortical motion. This stationary structure is enabled by the removal of the sources of both the linear and nonlinear collisionless magnetic reconnection instabilities. The linear stability is achieved by setting up a plateau in the electron distribution function followed by the trapping and consecutive depletion of resonant particles. Likewise, the nonlinear stability is realized by the short-circuiting of singular current layers by the electron gyrations. This new coherent structure is expected to play an important role in collisionless reconnection in toroidal plasma experiments.