jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
AUTOMATED WRITING EVALUATION SYSTEM FOR FEEDBACK IN THE DIGITAL WORLD: AN ONLINE LEARNING OPPORTUNITY FOR ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE STUDENTS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

It is imperative to use new technologies in a supportive manner to meet the learners’ and teachers’ demanding needs as educational environments change in the digital age. The continuous expansion of online learning and distance education opportunities responds to the demands of learners and teachers while pioneering the use of technology in education. One advancement in English language teaching and learning in online environments, which assists teachers in reducing their workload and providing students with instant digital feedback, is the automated writing evaluation (AWE) tools. To gain a deeper understanding of the potential and limitations of these digital tools, this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of AWE feedback in error reduction in writing in English and the explore views of students regarding the utility of AWE tools. For this purpose, a total of 38 students at a university in Turkiye participated in the study, and three of their essays were evaluated. Within a concurrent triangulation mixed-method design, the changes in errors of the experimental group (n=18) receiving AWE feedback, and the control group (n=20) receiving teacher feedback were analyzed quantitatively, and the written reflection reports and semi-structured interviews conducted with the students were analyzed qualitatively. The results indicated that teacher feedback and AWE feedback were both effective in reducing errors in 11 categories. AWE feedback appeared to minimize errors in mechanics and usage more efficiently and teacher feedback was required more in content and organization issues. As a result, AWE was found as a complementary and effective tool supporting the improvement of target language writing skills saving time and energy for teachers. Furthermore, students expressed positive views regarding the use of AWE despite minor limitations. The findings of this study in general sheds light on using online digital tools of ubiquitous nature such as AWE to assist language improvement outside the class.
Cytokine (IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-1-alpha, TNF-alpha)-induced modulation of HLA cell surface expression in human breast cancer cell lines.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cytokine-induced modulation of HLA expression on the cell surface of four human breast cancer cell lines was determined by continuous flow immunocytofluorometry with the aid of monoclonal antibodies directed to a non-polymorphic determinant of HLA class I and class II (DR) antigen. IFN-gamma and IFN-alpha were potent inducers of HLA class I in all examined cell lines, with decreasing inducibility as follows: BT-20, ZR-75-1, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 cells. HLA class II (DR) antigen was highly inducible by IFN-gamma in ZR-75-1 cells, followed by BT-20, MDA-MB-468 and MCF-7 cells. IFN-alpha increased the cell surface expression of DR antigen only in ZR-75-1 cells. IL-1-alpha induced a moderate level of HLA class I antigen in ZR-75-1, BT-20 and MDA-MB-468 cells, and HLA class II (DR) expression only in ZR-75-1 cells. This pattern of cell line inducibility by IL-1-alpha was similar to that induced by TNF-alpha. Differences in inducibility of HLA antigens on human breast cancer cell lines induced by different cytokines may reflect the differences in cytokine inducibility of the original tumor cells.
Watchwords : Mark 13 in Markan Eschatology

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Mark has written a remarkable Gospel. Deceptively simple on the surface, its mystery and ambiguity have intrigued and challenged scholar and lay reader alike. Through veiled clues, controlled word usage and carefully contrived ambiguity, Mark embeds profound theological reflections in the stories he tells. The eschatological discourse (Mark 13) is a prime example. Modern scholars have attempted in vain to eliminate the ambiguities of Mark 13. Does Mark expect the End to come very soon? What is the relationship between the Fall of the Temple and the End of the Age? But the evidence indicates that Mark has deliberately produced the very uncertainty which has troubled scholars and which they want to eliminate. In Mark, attention is diverted from ‘signs’ and ‘evidences’ to the twin and inseparable themes of ‘discernment’ and ‘discipleship’. These themes are captured by the two primary ‘watchwords’ of Mark 13, which call believers to understand the significance of events they experience and to serve (and if necessary suffer) faithfully in the unknown period before the return of the Son of Man. In his communication techniques, his content and his priorities, Mark models himself after the Jesus he portrays. He calls readers, as Jesus called disciples, to follow and to understand – and sometimes to follow without understanding – until the unknown future when the Son of Man will reveal in its fullness the Kingdom now secretly present for those with eyes to see and ears to hear.
Pakistan: short historical and political essays

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Yazı masamın üstündə bir kitab var: "Pakistan: Qısa tarixi-siyasi oçerklər" adlanan olduqca maraqlı oçerklər toplusu.AMEA Qafqazşünaslıq İnstitutunun Elmi şurasının qərarı ilə çapa tövsiyə edilmiş bu maraqlı kitabın elmi redaktoru və ön sözünün müəllifi Milli Məclisin deputatı, AMEA-nın müxbir üzvü Musa Qasımlıdır
High prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in saliva demonstrated by a novel PCR assay.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AIMS--To investigate the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in the saliva of patients infected with this bacterium. METHODS--A novel polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed to detect H pylori in saliva and gastric biopsy specimens from patients undergoing endoscopy. RESULTS--Our PCR assay amplified a 417 base pair fragment of DNA from all 21 DNAs derived from H pylori clinical isolates but did not amplify DNA from 23 non-H pylori strains. Sixty three frozen gastric biopsy and 56 saliva specimens were tested. H pylori specific DNA was detected by PCR in all 39 culture positive biopsy specimens and was also identified from another seven biopsy specimens which were negative by culture but positive by histology. H pylori specific DNA was identified by PCR in saliva specimens from 30 (75%) of 40 patients with H pylori infection demonstrated by culture or histological examination, or both, and in three patients without H pylori infection in the stomach. CONCLUSION--The results indicate that the oral cavity harbours H pylori and may be the source of infection and transmission.
On the Sink-float-separation by Cyclone Separator at Hosokura Ore Dressing Plant

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The cone type separator was installed 12 years ago to treat lump ore at Hosokura mill, but the separator was unable to treat the fine ore with satisfactory results, It was found by several tests conducted that 12-2mm size was successfully separated by cyclone type separator, using pyrite concentrate as heavy medium material.Detail of this process and operating data is given in this paper.
Mast Cells as a Double-Edged Sword in Immunity: Their Function in Health and Disease. First of Two Parts

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Mast cells (MCs) have recently been re-interpreted in the context of the immune scenario in the sense that their pro-allergic role is no longer exclusive. In fact, MCs even in steady state conditions maintain homeostatic functions, producing mediators and intensively cross-talking with other immune cells. Here, emphasis will be placed on the array of receptors expressed by MCs and the variety of cytokines they produce. Then, the bulk of data discussed will provide readers with a wealth of information on the dual ability of MCs not only to defend but also to offend the host. This double attitude of MCs relies on many variables, such as their subsets, tissues of residency and type of stimuli ranging from microbes to allergens and food antigens. Finally, the relationship between MCs with basophils and eosinophils will be discussed.
Persistent Effect of Arimoclomol in Patients with Niemann-Pick Disease Type C: 24-Month Results from an Open-Label Extension of a Pivotal Phase 2/3 Study

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background/Purpose: Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC), a rare, progressive neurodegenerative disease, has considerable unmet need. The 12-month, double-blind (DB), placebo-controlled, Phase 2/3 NPC-002 study suggested a clinically meaningful effect of arimoclomol on NPC progression. We present interim results of a 24-month open-label extension (OLE), providing efficacy and safety data for arimoclomol up to Month 36 (M36).
Synthesis of Large‐Pore Ia$\bar3$d Mesoporous Silica and Its Tubelike Carbon Replica

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Röhrenförmiger mesoporöser Kohlenstoff mit einer kubischen Struktur wurde auf einem neuen Syntheseweg erhalten. Dabei dienen Propylsulfonsäuregruppen, verankert an einer Siliciumdioxidwand, als saure Katalysatoren für die Polymerisation der Kohlenstoffquelle. Nach Entfernen der Siliciumdioxidsubstrate wurden Poren mit Durchmessern von 2.4 und 4.0 nm gefunden.
9‐phenanthrol inhibits TMEM16A channels

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Intravascular pressure stimulates several smooth muscle cell TRP channels, including TRPM4, leading to membrane depolarization and vasoconstriction (the myogenic response). Previous studies using 9‐phenanthrol (9‐phen), a TRPM4 channel inhibitor, suggest that TRPM4 is essential for pressure‐induced depolarization and constriction (Gonzales et al, AJP Cell 2010). We have recently shown that transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A), a Ca 2+ ‐activated chloride channel, contributes to pressure‐induced depolarization and constriction (Bulley et al, Circ Res 2012). To investigate these apparently dissimilar results, we tested the hypothesis that 9‐phen is also a TMEM16A channel blocker. Patch‐clamp electrophysiology indicated that 9‐phen inhibited whole‐cell currents generated by recombinant TMEM16A channels expressed in HEK293 cells. Analysis of tail‐currents indicated that 9‐phen reduced TMEM16A currents in a concentration‐ and voltage‐dependent manner. IC 50 s for 9‐phen were 15 and 10 μM at −100 and +100 mV, respectively. Cell‐attached patch recordings indicated that 9‐phen (10 μM) reduced single TMEM16A channel open probability, amplitude, and mean open time, and increased mean closed time. Taken together, our data suggest that 9‐phen inhibits TMEM16A channels, in part by acting as a pore‐blocker. NHLBI/NIH
Health Risks among Tannery Industry Workers and Underpinning Determinants in Mojo Industry, Ethiopia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract

This study analyzed the disease incidence rate among leather industry workers and underpinning drivers in the Mojo industry Town. A cross-sectional survey was carried out using a multistage sampling technique. The data was gathered primarily from employee surveys and key informant interviews. The data were examined by descriptive statistics and negative binomial regression. The result revealed that workers working in traditional tanneries experienced significantly higher rates of disease compared to those in modern facilities (IRR ≈ 1.33). Male workers experienced lower rates of disease compared to their female counterparts (IRR ≈ 0.64), and increasing age was associated with a slight rise in illness frequency (IRR ≈ 1.02). Laborers (IRR ≈ 1.30) and supervisors (IRR ≈ 2.56) reported substantially higher illness rates than chemical handlers. In contrast, having 7–8 hours of sleep (IRR ≈ 0.39), regular use of protective equipment (IRR ≈ 0.83), and having good knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of occupational health and safety (IRR ≈ 0.43) were associated with a reduced number of disease frequency. The study found that disease incidence among tannery workers is significantly influenced by work environment, behavioral risk factors, and occupational health knowledge. The federal government should implement mandatory modernizing traditional tanneries, employees' annual health checkups, adequate health insurance provisions, and encourage a healthy and safe culture through public awareness efforts. Tailored interventions for laborers and other high-risk groups should be prioritized to mitigate occupational stress and its related health consequences.
Early pre-Cambrian geology and correlational problems of the Northern Subprovince of the Lake Superior region

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

INTRODUCTION STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The region under consideration has been termed the Northern Sub-province of the Lake Superior pre-Cambrian. It is largely contained on the Kenora Sheet, Map No. 266A of the Geological Survey of Canada, though its natural boundaries lie outside the map limits. These might be considered to be the Mesabi Range on the south, the Lake Superior and Lake Nipigon basins on the southeast and east, the heavy cover of Quaternary clays and silts of the Lake Agassiz plain on the west, and an arbitrary line along Parallel 52, which separates approximately the area of more-detailed mapping from that of reconnaissance and exploratory surveys (Pl. 1). The region thus outlined is slightly larger than the State of Illinois. The bedrock, so abundantly exposed as a result of Pleistocene glaciations, consists, in the main, of granite, granite-gneiss, and related rocks, volcanic flows and pyroclastics, and sediments of . . .
An update on the Structural Aging Program

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Structural Aging (SAG) Program is being conducted at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). The SAG Program is addressing the aging management of safety-related concrete structures in nuclear power plants for the purpose of providing improved technical bases for their continued service. The program is organized into four tasks: Program Management, Materials Property Data Base, Structural Component Assessment/Repair Technologies, and Quantitative Methodology for Continued Service Determinations. Objectives and a summary of accomplishments under each of these tasks are presented.
Ethionamide Preconditioning Enhances the Proliferation and Migration of Human Wharton’s Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a useful source for cell-based therapy of a variety of immune-mediated diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. However, poor migration ability and survival rate of MSCs after brain transplantation hinder the therapeutic effects in the disease microenvironment. Therefore, we attempted to use a preconditioning strategy with pharmacological agents to improve the cell proliferation and migration of MSCs. In this study, we identified ethionamide via the screening of a drug library, which enhanced the proliferation of MSCs. Preconditioning with ethionamide promoted the proliferation of Wharton’s jelly-derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs) by activating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 signaling. Preconditioning with ethionamide also enhanced the migration ability of MSCs by upregulating expression of genes associated with migration, such as C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12). Furthermore, preconditioning with ethionamide stimulated the secretion of paracrine factors, including neurotrophic and growth factors in MSCs. Compared to naïve MSCs, ethionamide-preconditioned MSCs (ETH-MSCs) were found to survive longer in the brain after transplantation. These results suggested that enhancing the biological process of MSCs induced by ethionamide preconditioning presents itself as a promising strategy for enhancing the effectiveness of MSCs-based therapies.
The Wasps’ Nest: Antisemitism, Conspiracy Theory, and The Prioress’s Tale

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Conspiracy theories are not only forms of explanation. They are narratives designed to evoke emotional response. This essay reads the thirteenth-century Anglo-Norman “Hugo de Lincolnia” and The Prioress’s Tale as conspiracy theory narratives, examining how they use language and imagery to generate aesthetic emotions, especially fear and disgust. I argue that a focus on the conspiracies represented in these texts reveals connections both to other contemporary narratives and to a long tradition of antisemitic narrative that extends through The Protocols of the Elders of Zion to the global conspiracy theories of the early twenty-first century.
Extremely severe scoliosis, heterotopic ossification, and osteoarthritis in a three‐generation family with Crouzon syndrome carrying a mutant c.799T>C FGFR2

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Crouzon syndrome is a rare and complex autosomal dominant craniosynostosis syndrome with a prevalence of approximately 1 in 60,000 births. The typical features are craniosynostosis, proptosis, midfacial hypoplasia, and noncranial manifestations, including deformities in the cervical spine, elbow, and fingers. Crouzon syndrome is usually caused by pathogenic variants in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 ( FGFR2 ) gene. Methods We reported a three‐generation family with Crouzon syndrome; the proband showed extremely severe limb abnormalities. The clinical features were obtained by physical examination and radiographic examination. Sanger sequencing of all 18 exons of FGFR2 was conducted to identify the disease‐causing mutation. Results The proband was a 44‐year‐old man who showed characteristics of Crouzon syndrome, including craniofacial dysostosis, shallow orbits, proptosis, midface hypoplasia, beaked nose, strabismus, short superior lip, short stature, and neck injection. In addition to these typical characteristics, radiographic examination showed severe scoliosis, heterotopic ossification of the elbows, knee osteoarthritis, metacarpophalangeal joint valgus, collapse of the articular surface of the thumb metacarpal, knuckle ossification and fusion. Sanger sequencing identified a heterozygous pathogenic variant c.799T>C, p.(Ser267Pro) in exon 7 of FGFR2 in affected individuals. Conclusion Crouzon syndrome in this three‐generation family was caused by c.799T>C FGFR2 , and the patient showed a different phenotypic appearance from other Crouzon patients with c.799T>C FGFR2 .
A Discussion on Emergency Plans for a Dam Damaged by the Earthquake

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A large number of medium-sized and small reservoirs built in the 1950s and 1960s in the earthquake-stricken areas were in danger or even ran the risk of dam-break after the outbreak of the earthquake in Wenchuan on May 12,2008.If we had proposed a comprehensive contingency plan for these high-risk reservoirs,we would have avoided enormous economic losses.Taking some reservoirs as an example,this paper is an attempt to discuss the contingency plans for earthquake-damaged reservoirs.It's hoped that those plans can be extended to other earthquake-damaged reservoirs.
Effect of nanoparticles on gas emissions and growth and transmission of microorganisms in swine production facilities

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract. The effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on greenhouse gas (methane and carbon dioxide) emissions and levels of disease-causing microorganisms during actual pig production cycle and as part of barn sanitation procedures between batches of animals was investigated at the Prairie Swine Centre barn facility in Saskatoon, SK, Canada. During pig rearing period, a ventilation air recirculation system was installed in two environmental chambers; a filter loaded with nanoparticles was installed in the recirculation duct of one chamber while the other chamber had only a filter with no nanoparticles. Over four 15-day room trials, results showed that partial filtration of air in the chamber with a filter loaded with ZnO nanoparticles in the ventilation recirculation system achieved reduction in bioaerosol levels at the animal- and human-occupied zones. Also, the installation of ZnO-filter in the chamber had no adverse or beneficial impact on greenhouse gas emissions and pig productivity. In evaluating the impact of the treatment during sanitation, two levels (5 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL) of ZnO nanoparticles solution were sprayed on concrete floor surfaces and the microbial population was compared to the surface applied with the conventional chemical disinfectant (Control). Results revealed that the total bacterial counts on surfaces applied with 10 mg ZnO nanoparticles per mL solution decreased significantly 4 hours after the solution was applied and dried. Microbial population, however, started to increase after new nursery pigs were brought into the room. Additional studies will be conducted to provide a more comprehensive evaluation of the feasibility of nanoparticle application in pig production facilities.
Data from t-Darpp Activates IGF-1R Signaling to Regulate Glucose Metabolism in Trastuzumab-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Increased glycolysis and glucose dependence is a hallmark of malignancy that enables tumors to maximize cell proliferation. In HER2<sup>+</sup> cancers, an increase in glycolytic capacity is associated with trastuzumab resistance. IGF-1R activation and t-Darpp overexpression both confer trastuzumab resistance in breast cancer. We therefore investigated a role for IGF-1R and t-Darpp in regulating glycolytic capacity in HER2<sup>+</sup> breast cancers.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> We examined the relationship between t-Darpp and IGF-1R expression in breast tumors and their respective relationships with patient survival. To assess t-Darpp's metabolic effects, we used the Seahorse flux analyzer to measure glucose metabolism in trastuzumab-resistant SK-BR-3 cells (SK.Her<sup>R</sup>) that have high endogenous t-Darpp levels and SK.tDrp cells that stably overexpress exogenous t-Darpp. To investigate t-Darpp's mechanism of action, we evaluated t-Darpp:IGF-1R complexes by coimmunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays. We used pathway-specific inhibitors to study the dependence of t-Darpp effects on IGF-1R signaling. We used siRNA knockdown to determine whether glucose reliance in SK.Her<sup>R</sup> cells was mediated by t-Darpp.</p><p><b>Results:</b> In breast tumors, PPP1R1B mRNA levels were inversely correlated with IGF-1R mRNA levels and directly associated with shorter overall survival. t-Darpp overexpression was sufficient to increase glucose metabolism in SK.tDrp cells and essential for the glycolytic phenotype of SK.Her<sup>R</sup> cells. Recombinant t-Darpp stimulated glucose uptake, glycolysis, and IGF-1R–Akt signaling in SK-BR-3 cells. Finally, t-Darpp stimulated IGF-1R heterodimerization with ErbB receptors and required IGF-1R signaling to confer its metabolic effects.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> t-Darpp activates IGF-1R signaling through heterodimerization with EGFR and HER2 to stimulate glycolysis and confer trastuzumab resistance. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(5); 1216–26. ©2017 AACR</i>.</p></div>