jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
TO EVALUATE CLINICALLY THE OUTCOME OF LICHTENSTEIN REPAIR FOR INGUINAL HERNIA IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND \nThe first hernia repair was done by Bassini 100 years ago and all the next surgical methods and their modifications use a suture \nof the tissues under the tension. Lichtenstein technique challenged the concept of both the plication-darn technique and the \nShouldice operation and he introduced a tension free method of hernia repair for inguinal hernia with polypropylene prosthetic \nmesh and it did not rely upon muscle tendon union. \nMATERIALS AND METHODS \nAll 54 patients above 18 years belongs to both genders diagnosed to have inguinal hernia were included. All were underwent \nLichtenstein’s hernioplasty and different parameters were studied. Patients below 18 years and who came with recurrent inguinal \nhernia were excluded in this study. \nRESULTS \nAll the 54 patients who had been operated and monitored were all from low socioeconomic status and only a few had comorbidities and who had to be stabilised before surgery. The operation time and the intersurgeon variation time were noted \nand the average duration of surgery was calculated. Postoperatively, all the patients were monitored with visual analogue pain \nscale and checked. Follow up was done for 4 months and patients were enquired for complications and results were noted. In \nour study Lichtenstein’s hernioplasty surgery that had been done for inguinal hernia, it is found that postoperative complications \nrate were very much lower except for the high incidence of seroma, which is due to the increased operating time of the surgeons. \nThe limitations of this study was that the follow up time was short compared to other studies. \nCONCLUSION \nIn our study, haematoma and seroma were the only two postoperative complications, which occurred following Lichtenstein \nrepair for inguinal hernia. In that, incidence of seroma was found to be high.
An Automated Docking Protocol for hERG Channel Blockers

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A docking protocol aimed at obtaining a consistent qualitative and quantitative picture of binding for a series of hERG channel blockers is presented. To overcome the limitations experienced by standard procedures when docking blockers at hERG binding site, we designed a strategy that explicitly takes into account the conformations of the channel, their possible intrinsic symmetry, and the role played by the configurational entropy of ligands. The protocol was developed on a series of congeneric sertindole derivatives, allowing us to satisfactorily explain the structure-activity relationships for this set of blockers. In addition, we show that the performance of structure-based models relying on multiple-receptor conformations statistically increases when the protein conformations are chosen in such a way as to capture relevant structural features at the binding site. The protocol was then successfully applied to a series of structurally unrelated blockers.
The Internet and the gender division of household labour

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Geographers and others have long since examined the distribution of paid work, childcare and housework within households and have more recently begun to explore the various effects of Internet use on everyday life and digital inequalities along lines of gender and other social markers. These lines of inquiry have so far remained largely separate and this paper brings them together by analysing the interrelations between the Internet and the gender division of household labour. Multi‐group structural equation modelling is applied to dedicated survey data collected among heterosexual couples in C olumbus ( O hio, USA ). The results demonstrate that Internet use is gendered in many ways. Variations in Internet use are explained by a broader range of factors for women than for men, and an unequal division of domestic responsibilities within the household constrains women's Internet use but not men's. Overall, however, the relations between Internet use and the gender division of household labour are modest. The latter is related in different ways for women and men to the residential location, the household situation, the employment situation and gender‐specific interactions among paid work, childcare and housework.
Mucosal Immunology and Vaccination

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

There is currently great interest in developing mucosal vaccines against a variety of microbial pathogens. Vaccine delivery systems can target respiratory or intestinal mucosal tissue and stimulate immune response and be particularly effective against these infections. In a healthy human adult, mucosal immune system contributes almost 80% of all immunocytes. The administration of mucosal vaccines does not require the use of needles, increasing vaccine compliance, reducing logistical burden, and minimizing the risks of blood transmissible infections.The primary reason for using a mucosal route of vaccination is that most infections affect or start from mucosal surfaces and that in these infections, topical application of a vaccine is often required to induce a protective immune response both innate and adaptive at the site of pathogen entry. Immunoprophylaxis by the mucosal route is an important approach to controlling mucosally acquired infections. The ability to induce a balanced systemic and secretory immune response following immunization is determined by a complex set of interacting factors. These include the nature of the antigens and route of administration, the nature of the mucosal microenvironment, the immunologic vehicles employed for vaccine delivery, and the effects of bystander immunologic and antigen-related events occurring concurrently in the mucosal environment.
The distribution of ciprofloxacin and its metabolites in human plasma, pulmonary and bronchial tissues.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The disposition of ciprofloxacin and its pharmacologically active metabolites (sulfociprofloxacin, oxociprofloxacin, and desethylenciprofloxacin) in plasma, lung and bronchial tissues was studied in 24 patients undergoing a partial or total resection of the lung. The patients were divided into four groups, a control group and groups in which ciprofloxacin (200 mg) was given i.v. 1, 2 and 3 h before surgery. The concentrations of ciprofloxacin and its metabolites were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Ciprofloxacin concentrations in lung tissue were four times and in bronchial tissue twice those in plasma (p less than 0.01). The individual tissue concentrations of ciprofloxacin correlated with the individual plasma concentrations (r = 0.95 for lung; r = 0.94 for bronchi; p less than 0.001). Metabolite concentrations in both tissues and plasma were 10- to 100-fold lower than the concentrations of ciprofloxacin. These data suggest that the concentrations of the parent compound are essential for the therapeutic efficacy of ciprofloxacin.
Comparison of health confidence in rural, suburban and urban areas in the UK and the USA: a secondary analysis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective Confidence in healthcare may influence the patients’ utilisation of healthcare resources and perceptions of healthcare quality. We sought to determine whether self-reported confidence in healthcare differed between the UK and the USA, as well as by rurality or urbanicity. Design A secondary analysis of a subset of survey questions regarding self-reported confidence in healthcare from the 2010 Commonwealth Fund International Health Policy Survey. Setting Telephone survey of participants from the UK and the USA. Participants Our final analysis included 1511 UK residents (688 rural, 446 suburban, 372 urban, 5 uncategorised) and 2501 US residents (536 rural, 1294 suburban, 671 urban). Outcome measures Questions assessed respondents’ confidence in the effectiveness and affordability of the treatment. We compared survey outcomes from these questions between, and within, the two regions and among, and within, residence types (rural, suburban and urban). Results Significant differences were found in self-reported confidence in healthcare between the UK and US, among residence types, and between the two regions within residence types. Reported levels were higher in the UK. Within regions, significant differences by residence type were found for the US, but not the UK. Within the US, suburban respondents had the highest self-reported confidence in healthcare. Conclusions Significant differences exist between the UK and US in confidence in healthcare. In the US, but not in the UK, self-reported confidence is related to residence type. Within countries, significant differences by residence type were found for the US, but not the UK. Our findings warrant the examination of causes for relative confidence levels in healthcare between regions and among US residence types.
THE ADSORPTION OF POLAR ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ON FRESHLY MACHINED METAL SURFACES.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Studies of the adsorption of polar organic com pounds on freshly machined surfaces, were con tinued. Adsorption of nonadecanol from cyclohex ane solution was not observed under the condi tions and concentrations used. Studies with un saturated acids indicate that the adsorption on freshly machined metal surfaces is concentration dependent and there is polylayer formation. The extent of polylayer formation increases as the number of double bonds increases. Metals such as Cu, Mg, Pb, and Al were used in the above study. Adsorption of calcium nonadecanoate on metal sur faces is physical in nature, following type II or IV adsorption isotherms at lower pressures. At traction between the metal surface and the adsor bate is due to dipole-induced dipole interactions. There is no metal-ion exchange. Factors that de crease ac of the fresh metal surfaces de crease the extent of adsorption. None of the metals employed gave a full monolayer coverage with calcium nonadecanoate, and adsorption de pended on concentration.
Generation of Nutrient Specifications for Dairy Cattle for Computerized Least Cost Ration Formulation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To facilitate formulation of least cost rations through linear programing, a mathematical model was developed that calculates nutritive specil~cations.The model is based on current National Research Council's suggestions and recent research information.From 12 input statements, 28 nutritive specifications are generated.The feeding program is designed to utilize the total feed intake capacity of the cow.Feed intake information from 207 cow trials were used to estimate factors which alter dry matter intakes of dairy cows.These factors have been included in the model to formulate daily nutrient requirements in the proper amount of dry matter.Nutrient balance is maintained throughout the program.Calcium to phosphorus ratios must fall within the limits of 1:1 to 1.5:1 and crude fiber is held between 14 and 24g of dry matter.The unique feature of this procedure is that, when placed in combination with a linear programing system, people without extensive nutritional training can use least cost ration formulation because nutrient specifications are generated from common terms associated with dairy cattle feeding and management.
Gender and Rural Energy Technologies: Empowerment Perspective—A Case Study of Nepal

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT This paper analyzes whether alternative energy technologies have been able to lift the socio-economic status of rural women in Nepal, and mountain women in particular, in terms of saving their labour and time spent in managing household energy. It also examines if these technologies have provided increasing opportunities for women to be involved in socio-economic activities in rural villages. It is based on research conducted in Kavre, one of the jirst districts where the Rural Energy Development Program (REDP), supported by the UNDP, implemented micro hydro plants and other rural energy technologies.
Efficient Synthesis of 9-Tosylaminofluorene Derivatives by Boron Trifluoride Etherate-Catalyzed Aza-Friedel-Crafts Reaction of in situ Generated N-Tosylbenzaldimines

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An efficient and expeditious boron trifluoride etherate (BF3 center dot Et2O) catalyzed one-pot reaction for the synthesis of N-tosyl-9-aminofluorenes and anthracene derivatives from in situ generated N-tosylbenzaldimines via an aza-Friedal-Crafts reaction has been developed. The catalytic reaction shows high substrate tolerance with excellent yields.
Entanglement-assisted multi-aperture pulse-compression radar for angle resolving detection

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Entanglement has been known to boost target detection, despite it being destroyed by lossy-noisy propagation. Recently, Zhuang and Shapiro (2022 Phys. Rev. Lett. 128 010501) proposed a quantum pulse-compression radar to extend entanglement’s benefit to target range estimation. In a radar application, many other aspects of the target are of interest, including angle, velocity and cross section. In this study, we propose a dual-receiver radar scheme that employs a high time-bandwidth product microwave pulse entangled with a pre-shared reference signal available at the receiver, to investigate the direction of a distant object and show that the direction-resolving capability is significantly improved by entanglement, compared to its classical counterpart under the same parameter settings. We identify the applicable scenario of this quantum radar to be short-range and high-frequency, which enables entanglement’s benefit in a reasonable integration time.
Pseudotime Based Analysis of Cancer Dynamics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Longitudinal or time-series multiomics data for the same cohort of patients are necessary to understand the cancer dynamics or development. But no such data is available for cancer. Most of the time-series gene expression data for cancer genomes available in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database contain gene expression values from different samples at different stages and each stage contains few samples, mostly 3 to 10. So, these datasets are not suitable for analyzing cancer dynamics. Recent studies show that single-cell gene expression with no temporal information can be analyzed to discover the mechanism of cell development by inferring pesudotime. Researchers have developed models for the dynamic behavior of cell development and differentiation using single cell expression profiles with both temporal [1] and no temporal [2] information. This motivates us that the static multiomics data of more than 12,000 cancer patients from TCGA could be analyzed by inferring pseudotime to decipher the cancer dynamics.
STILL THERAPEUTIC ORPHANS!

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Historically, children have not shared in therapeutic advances to the same extent adults have. A recent survey of the 1990 Physicians Desk Reference (PDR) by the AAP Committee on Drugs reveals that the labeling for 75% of medications listed in the 1990 PDR contains disclaimers or precautions against use in children of all ages. Advisories against use by infants and toddlers is contained in the labeling of 91% of medications. A recent review of new molecular entities, which represent the most innovative new medications, approved by the Food and Drug Administration from 1984 through 1989 reveals that 80% of these medications currently are not approved for use in children.
Total Recoverable Aluminum: Not Totally Relevant for Water Quality Standards

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A large water quality data set, representing more than 100 surface-water locations sampled from 2007 to 2017 in the Los Alamos area of New Mexico, USA's Pajarito Plateau, was assembled to evaluate Al concentrations in unfiltered and filtered samples. Aluminum concentrations often exceeded United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and New Mexico ambient water quality criteria (AWQC), regardless of filter size and sample location. However, AWQC are based on laboratory toxicity studies using soluble Al salts and do not reflect natural conditions in Pajarito Plateau surface waters. The plateau is predominately covered by glassy and recrystallized volcanic ashes (e.g., Bandelier Tuff) containing colloidal to sand-sized aluminosilicates. Samples from natural background drainages and areas downstream of developed regions exhibited similar Al concentrations, suggesting that AWQC exceedances are caused by naturally elevated Al concentrations. Solubility calculations indicated that most samples were oversaturated with respect to amorphous Al(OH)3(s). Therefore, AWQC exceedances are likely artifacts of the “total recoverable” sample preparation, which includes acidification and partial digestion, thereby liberating nonbioavailable Al from aluminosilicates. Accordingly, Al concentrations were strongly associated with suspended sediment concentrations (SSCs), implying that aluminosilicates in suspended sediment contributed to AWQC exceedances and Al oversaturation. Solid-phase particle characterization, using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy with electron dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) did not identify potentially bioavailable amorphous Al(OH)3(s) in any sample tested. Thus, current sample collection and analysis protocols should not be used to evaluate attainment of Al AWQC on the Pajarito Plateau or locations where aluminosilicates are substantial contributors to total recoverable Al. A sample preparation method (e.g., pH 4 extraction) capable of differentiating nonbioavailable and bioavailable forms of Al is recommended. Otherwise, current New Mexico and USEPA sample preparation approaches will continue to generate artifactual AWQC exceedances in surface waters that contain aluminosilicates. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;00:1–14. © 2019 SETAC
Acute rheumatic fever with extracapillary glomerulonephritis and the nephrotic syndrome.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 34 year old woman is described in whom carditis, arthritis, fever, leukocytosis and a high sedimentation rate developed two weeks after a streptococcal infection. The patient also had the nephrotic syndrome and rapidly progressive renal insufficiency. The renal biopsy specimen showed acute extracapillary (crescentic) glomerulonephritis. The initial response to corticosteroid therapy was good, but later a slowly progressive renal function impairment was seen.
Finite Element Method Based Analysis into Rotary Forging of AXI-Symmetric Aluminium Disc

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The present economic situation in the world has been driving the forging industry even at more competitive environment. Finite element simulation became an important tool in the forging industries because of availability of high speed computers with low cost and even simulation softwares, not only for the purpose of R&amp;D as well as being a daily tool in the work areas. FE simulation has been drastically increased and accompanied by the widespread high cost-performance workstations. The automatic re-meshing technology as well as the high cost-performance computer made the FE simulation software as a practical development tool in large size forging companies. 2-D FE simulations were used widely as a practical tool even in small and medium size forging industries, 3-D FE simulations have been also used since software equipped with automatic re-meshing capability introduced.
The Effect of Music Therapy on the Maladpative Emotionally Regulative Behaviors of Adults with Developmental Disabilities

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of individualized music therapy protocols in decreasing the duration of instances of elevated levels of maladaptive emotionally regulative behaviors in adults with developmental disabilities. The participants were four adults with developmental disabilities, recommended for the study based on the presence of severe and/or frequent instances of maladaptive emotionally regulative behaviors. ABAB reversal design was used to examine the effectiveness of the usual staff techniques (A) and the individualized music therapy protocols (B) in decreasing the duration of instances of maladaptive emotionally regulative behaviors. The independent variables were the following two conditions: interacting with each participant while he or she was exhibiting the targeted maladaptive emotionally regulative behaviors at a rate per minute that exceeded the participant's usual rate per minute, using (A) non-music interventions recommended by staff, or (B) individualized music therapy protocols. The dependent variable was the time that elapsed from the onset to the conclusion of each instance of elevated levels of maladaptive emotionally regulative behaviors. Results from the four case studies indicated that music therapy protocols can be used to decrease the duration of instances of elevated levels of maladaptive emotionally regulative behaviors in adults with developmental disabilities, and that music therapy protocols can decrease these behaviors more quickly than the usual staff techniques in most cases. Three out of four participants responded better to the music therapy protocols than the usual staff techniques. The final participant responded to music therapy protocols and staff techniques exactly the same in terms of average duration of instances of elevated levels of maladaptive emotionally regulative behaviors.
The Development and Testing of a Conceptual Model of Public Library User Behavior

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The objective of this study was to test the following hierarchical model: Public library use is a function of (1) individual characteristics, (2) awareness of library services, (3) perceived accessibility of the library, (4) perceived ease of use of the library, and (5) use of other nonpublic libraries. The model was tested with four different measures of library use--a dichotomized measure of nonuse and use and, among library users, frequency of use and two-factor analytically derived indexes descriptive of two distinctly different types of library use. Type 1 use appeared to measure intensity of use, and type 2 use appeared to measure in-house use. Data were collected from 202 residents of the Syracuse metropolitan area by means of a telephone interview survey. Results indicated that, among individuals with the characteristics associated with library use, users of the public library tended to perceive the library as more accessible than did nonusers; and, among users of the library, (1) frequency of use was related to awareness of special library programs, (2) intensity of use was also related to awareness of special library programs, and (3) in-house use was related to use of other libraries.