jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Isotope effect, pressure dependence and random field smearing of the proton glass transition

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The phase diagram of the proton glass Rb1−x(NH4)x H2PO4 has been evaluated as a function of composition, pressure and amount of deuteration within a random bond version of the Ising model in a transverse field and a replica symmetric mean field approach. It is shown that the presence of Gaussian random fields with zero mean and variance Δ results in a smearing of the proton glass transition, i.e. the cusp in the dielectric susceptibility is rounded off and the proton glass order parameter remains finite at temperatures far above the nominal freezing temperature.
“Live history” of tourist routes

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The study focuses on such lines of modern understanding of history as the creation of “living history” in the modern museum complexes, recreation of past historical events in documentary maximum proximity to the time of their occurrence. This way of understanding history was inspired by many unresolved problems of the past interpretations and the author’s opinions, and devoid of the human factor documents of the archives, which failed to rise to objective conclusions. Time raised the question about the basis of psychological factor for the interpretation of historical events. The object of the research was the study of local history, ethnographic museums, which stimulate visitors in special units or in museum complexes and, of course, researchers to model the life of the historical past [4]. The doors of the museums open; the story goes into the current life, but certainly in a confined space. They develop new research areas as historical tourism that supports political culture, on the one hand, and historical psychology, working directly on the quality of historical research, and the penetration into the human factor in the historical process on the other hand. The difference between historical tourism from the traditional Ethnography is that Ethnography adheres to the locality of the historical information, which is specific to the region. Moreover, historic tourism builds ties that are committed to the integrity of national history. Of course, along with the tourist places of historical content there is historical re-enactment animation and drama, that are increasingly popular nowadays; “bridge” to the reconstruction of historical events is panoramic complexes, which are also included in tourist routes. The relevance of the stated themes of the study is that the political culture of the Russians (and it is based primarily on historical knowledge) must not be focused only on bookish knowledge of history, but also on the history in action – here is tourism of the historical themes and dramatization of historical events.
[Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis: indications, techniques, and results].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The combination of the technique of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and molecular genetics has led to the development of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD). Oocyte and embryo biopsy, Fluorescent in situ Hybridization (FISH) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) allow diagnostic procedures in couples with high risk and also certain IVF couples. We present a review of PGD indications, techniques and results.
Evidence from P-to-S mantle converted waves for a flat “660-km” discontinuity beneath Iceland

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Iceland is the type example of a ridge-centered hotspot. It is controversial whether the seismic anomaly beneath it originates in the lower mantle or the upper mantle. Some recent studies reported that the 660-km discontinuity beneath central Iceland is shallow relative to peripheral regions and this was interpreted as an effect of elevated temperature at that depth. We investigate topography of the major upper mantle discontinuities by separating the effects of the topography and volumetric velocity heterogeneity in P receiver functions from 55 seismograph stations. Our analysis demonstrates that a significant (at least 10-km) shallowing of the 660-km discontinuity is only possible in the case of improbably low seismic velocities in the mantle transition zone beneath central Iceland. If, as in previous studies, lateral velocity variations in the mantle transition zone are neglected, the data require a depressed rather than an uplifted 660-km discontinuity. For a reasonable S-wave velocity anomaly in the mantle transition zone (around &#8722; 3%) no topography on the 660-km discontinuity is required. This can be explained by the lack of temperature anomaly or an effect of two phase transitions with opposite Clapeyron slopes.
High efficiency small antenna for WLAN application

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a small metamaterial antenna with high efficiency is presented. The antenna is proposed for 2.4 GHz Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) application. The metamaterial resonant antenna is designed with a mushroom structure which based on the zeroth order resonant characteristic of a composite right/left-handed transmission line (CRLH TL). The antenna is designed on the low-cost FR4 substrate with dielectric constant ε r = 4.4 and tan δ= 0.02. The antenna is simulated and optimized by HFSS 14. The simulation results show that antenna has small size and a good bandwidth with range from 2.40-2.48 GHz for return loss S 11 less than -10 dB. The proposed antenna offers high efficiency 72-75% in operation bandwidth. The overall dimension of the antenna is 20.0×22.0×1.6 mm 3 including the antenna substrate.
What is the Future of ECE Teacher Profession? Teacher’s Agency in Finland Through the Lenses of Policy Documents

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In Finland the education system and teacher training programs have been under a reform during the past decade. All policy documents on the field of early childhood education have been renewed and this has had its influence on the teaching training practices and teachers’ work as well. Teachers are challenged to implement pedagogical methods to support children to become active agents of their learning. Further, also teachers should act as active agents in their professional development. Finnish teachers’ competences and quality of the teaching are defined in recent policy documents that introduce the future competences of teachers, including expertise agency and innovative approach. The aim of this research is to understand and critically evaluate the teacher’s agency and agentic approach of these recent policy documents through thematic content analysis. In total three policy documents were analyzed. As our theoretical frame we describe the agentic and life-long-learning approach in the educational context. We explain the Finnish early childhood education context and current policies and practice within the field of ECEC in Finland, through the viewpoint of teachers’ agency and competence. According to the results, the focus in the analysed documents was more on today and less on future aspects of the teacher’s agency. Further, the main focus on the teacher’s agency today was on notions describing pedagogical and relational agencies. Our results suggest that teachers are given a large number of different roles as well as values across the different documents. Teachers are asked to be ‘more of everything’ now and in the future. We conclude this paper with a critical reflection. We argue that policymakers in Finland, on the field of ECE, should take a more critical perspective on teacher’s future skill requirements especially regarding teachers’ agency.
FIZIČKO VASPITANJE U FUNKCIJI SPORTA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Physical education is a method and systematic activity which, through physical exercise-training in the way of universal aptinde and creativity develops human personality in the way of undersanding the aims of education in all organizational forms of physical culture. With this we mean the physical education of pupils, physical education of the sportsman-sport education and physical education of the people. There is a question to be ashed, Does it really give the resulb we expect? A questioner was based on a larg smple of students, who have just finiched high school and entered the Faculty of Sport and Physical Educations, to give a picture of the level of solving the tasks of physical education, especially those that are interested in sport. Through the analysys of the answers we got about the situacion in physical education and its funkcional relationship with sport, gave a conclusion that up cannot be satisfied with what has been already achjeved
A New Mechanically‐Interlocked [Pd2L4] Cage Motif by Dimerization of two Peptide‐based Lemniscates

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Most metallo‐supramolecular assemblies of low nuclearity adopt simple topologies, with bridging ligands spanning neighboring metal centers in a direct fashion. Here we contribute a new structural motif to the family of host compounds with low metal count (two) that consists of a pair of doubly‐interlocked, Figure‐eight‐shaped subunits, also termed “lemniscates”. Each metal is chelated by two chiral bidentate ligands, composed of a peptidic macrocycle that resembles a natural product with two pyridyl‐terminated arms. DFT calculation results suggest that dimerization of the mononuclear halves is driven by a combination of 1) Coulomb interaction with a central anion, 2) π‐stacking between intertwined ligand arms and 3) dispersive interactions between the structure's compact inner core bedded into an outer shell composed of the cavitand‐type macrocycles. The resulting cage‐like architecture was characterized by NMR, MS and X‐ray structure analyses. This new mechanically bonded system highlights the scope of structural variety accessible in metal‐mediated self‐assemblies composed of only a few constituents.
HI intensity mapping with MeerKAT: Calibration pipeline for multi-dish autocorrelation observations

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

While most purpose-built 21cm intensity mapping experiments are close-packed interferometer arrays, general-purpose dish arrays should also be capable of measuring the cosmological 21cm signal. This can be achieved most efficiently if the array is used as a collection of scanning autocorrelation dishes rather than as an interferometer. As a first step towards demonstrating the feasibility of this observing strategy, we show that we are able to successfully calibrate dual-polarisation autocorrelation data from 64 MeerKAT dishes in the L-band (856-1712 MHz, 4096 channels), with 10.5 hours of data retained from six nights of observing. We describe our calibration pipeline, which is based on multi-level RFI flagging, periodic noise diode injection to stabilise gain drifts and an absolute calibration based on a multi-component sky model. We show that it is sufficiently accurate to recover maps of diffuse celestial emission and point sources over a 10 deg x 30 deg patch of the sky overlapping with the WiggleZ 11hr field. The reconstructed maps have a good level of consistency between per-dish maps and external datasets, with the estimated thermal noise limited to 1.4 x the theoretical noise level (~ 2 mK). The residual maps have rms amplitudes below 0.1 K, corresponding to <1% of the model temperature. The reconstructed Galactic HI intensity map shows excellent agreement with the Effelsberg-Bonn HI Survey, and the flux of the radio galaxy 4C+03.18 is recovered to within 3.6%, which demonstrates that the autocorrelation can be successfully calibrated to give the zero-spacing flux and potentially help in the imaging of MeerKAT interferometric data. Our results provide a positive indication towards the feasibility of using MeerKAT and the future SKA to measure the HI intensity mapping signal and probe cosmology on degree scales and above.
Mechanistic studies on the reactions of iodopentaammineruthenium(III) complex cation and thiocyanate ion in aqueous solution

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741 235, India Manuscript received 14 July 1998, accepted 8 December 1998 The substitution of iodide ion by thiocyanate ion in the iodopentaammineruthenium(III) complex cation in aqueous solution has been investigated at 35-50º. Rate increases linearly with thiocyanate ion concentration having a positive intercept on the rate axis. The intercept gives the aquation rate constant of the iodo complex, and the slope represents thiocyanate anation rate. The rate was compared with the thiocyanate anation rate of the aqua complex by making a separate study between the two species. The second order thiocyanate anation rates and activation parameters for the process are close in the two processes but a difference in mechanism exists between the two. Thiocyanate anation reaction follows as associative interchange mechanism.
Calculating food-aid cost-effectiveness: Evidence from Ethiopia

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

These Notes are based on research carried out as part of a World Bank/World Food Programme study into food aid in Sub-Saharan Africa. The authors use economic analyses to establish a framework for considering the cost-effectiveness of food aid compared to financial aid, and they apply this framework to the Wollaita food aid project. Food aid is shown to be less cost-effective than financial aid if the cost/benefit analysis is confined to monetary considerations. Problems arise when trying to quantify other variables that may affect the analysis, for example nutritional costs/benefits and increased/decreased production (the Wolliata project is a food-for-work (FFW) scheme).
Surgical Support for Severe COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study in a French High-Density COVID-19 Cluster

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background. The COVID-19 epidemic has resulted in a massive surge in the need for intensive care unit (ICU) care. To avoid being overwhelmed, hospitals had to adapt and support the ICU teams in structured ICU care including involving surgical teams. This work aims at describing the collaborative efforts between the ICU care team and the Surgical Task Force (STF) during a surge of ICU activity in a University Hospital in a French high-density COVID-19 cluster. Study Design. This retrospective single center study analyzed the STF workflow and the ICU population. The study included 55 patients hospitalized in our ICU, ICU-converted step-down units, and post-anesthesia care units. The primary measure was the global daily STF activity. The secondary measure was the daily activity for each of the 5 tasks accomplished by the STF. Results. The STF attempted 415 phone calls for 55 patients’ families, 237 mobilizations of patients requiring prone positions, follow-up of 20 patients requiring medevac, and contribution to ethical discussion for 2 patients. The mean (SD) daily number of successful phones calls, ethical discussions, mobilizations of patients requiring prone positions and medevac follow-up were 18 (7), .1 (.4), 10 (7), and 2 (3), respectively. No actions for discharge summaries writing were required. The maximum number of daily mobilizations for patients requiring prone positions was 25. The maximum number of daily attempted phone calls and successful phone calls were 37 and 26, respectively. Conclusion. Surgeons’ technical and nontechnical skills represented an effective support for ICU teams during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Roles and recommendations from primary care physicians towards managing low-risk breast cancer survivors in a shared-care model with specialists in Singapore—a qualitative study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Breast cancer is prevalent and has high cure rates. The resultant increase in numbers of breast cancer survivors (BCS) may overwhelm the current oncology workforce in years to come. We postulate that primary care physicians (PCPs) could play an expanded role in comanaging survivors, provided they are given the appropriate tools and training to do so. Objective To explore the perspectives of PCPs towards managing BCS in a community-based shared-care programme with oncologists. Methods Eleven focus groups and six in-depth interviews were conducted with seventy PCPs recruited by purposive sampling. All sessions were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and coded by three independent investigators. Thematic data analysis was performed and the coding process facilitated by NVivo 12. Results Majority of PCPs reported currently limited roles in managing acute and non-cancer issues, optimizing comorbidities and preventive care. PCPs aspired to expand their role to include cancer surveillance, risk assessment and addressing unmet psychosocial needs. PCPs preferred to harmonize cancer survivorship management of their primary care patients who are also BCS, with defined role distinct from oncologists. Training to understand the care protocol, enhancement of communication skills, confidence and trust were deemed necessary. PCPs proposed selection criteria of BCS and adequacy of their medical information; increased consultation time; contact details and timely access to oncologists (if needed) in the shared-care programme. Conclusions PCPs were willing to share the care of BCS with oncologists but recommended role definition, training, clinical protocol, resources and access to oncologist’s consultation to optimize the programme implementation.
THF ring-opening and hydrogen/deuterium exchange reactions of (C5H4Me)2Zr(H)(THF)+. Evidence for hydrogenolysis of zirconium-cyclopentadiene bonds

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHF ring-opening and hydrogen/deuterium exchange reactions of (C5H4Me)2Zr(H)(THF)+. Evidence for hydrogenolysis of zirconium-cyclopentadiene bondsZhao Yu Guo, Prudence K. Bradley, and Richard F. JordanCite this: Organometallics 1992, 11, 7, 2690–2693Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00043a063https://doi.org/10.1021/om00043a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views292Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The World Bank and the Arab Urban Development Institute : A Decade Long Partnership on Urban and Youth Issues

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Founded in 1980, with permanent headquarters in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, the Arab Urban Development Institute (AUDI) is a regional, non-governmental, non-profit urban research, technical and consulting organization. AUDI is also the technical and scientific arm of the Arab Towns Organization (ATO), the regional United Nation (UN) habitat affiliate with an active membership of more than 400 Arab cities and towns representing 22 Arab states.
DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF NJ TRANSIT'S "MIDTOWN DIRECT" SERVICE

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Kearney Connection project was introduced as part of the Direct Rail Access project in the mid-1960s. It wasn't until 1983 when NJ TRANSIT was created that the project became seriously pursued as a result of the escalating trans-Hudson automobile volumes. The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, NJDOT and NJ TRANSIT began pursuing solutions to the growing delays at the three major Hudson River crossings in early 1984. These solutions included the Kearney Connection coupled with a signal system upgrade on the Northeast Corridor to permit more than 20 trains per hour between Newark, New Jersey and Midtown New York. This paper will briefly discuss the new technologies, numerous challenges in establishing the alignment, system configuration and integration, construction under rail operations, and commissioning of the new service.
Distinct Patterns of Interleukin-12/23 and Tumor Necrosis Factor α Synthesis by Activated Macrophages are Modulated by Glucose and Colon Cancer Metabolites

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Chronic inflammation is a major risk factor for colitis-associated colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Macrophages play a key role in altering the tumor microenvironment by producing pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Our previous studies showed that glucose metabolism conferred death resistance for tumor progression and exerted anti-inflammatory effects in ischemic gut mucosa. However, the effect of glucose and cancer metabolites in modulating macrophage cytokine profiles remains poorly defined. We used an in vitro system to mimic intestinal microenvironment and to investigate the roles of glucose and cancer metabolites in the cross-talk between carcinoma cells and macrophages. Human monocyte-derived THP-1 macrophages were stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence of conditioned media (CM) collected from human CRC Caco-2 cells incubated in either glucose-free or glucose-containing media. Our results demonstrated that glucose modulated the macrophage cytokine production, including decreased LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., tumor necrosis factor [TNF]α and interleukin [IL]-6) and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine (i.e., IL-10), at resting state. Moreover, glucose-containing CM reduced the macrophage secretion of TNFα and IL-8 but elevated the IL-12 and IL-23 levels, showing an opposite pattern of distinct pro-inflammatory cytokines modulated by cancer glucose metabolites. In contrast, LPS-induced production of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (a macrophage-derived chemoattractant for granulocytes) was not altered by glucose or CM, indicating that resident macrophages may play a more dominant role than infiltrating granulocytes for responding to cancer metabolites. In conclusion, glucose metabolites from CRC triggered distinct changes in the cytokine profiles in macrophages. The downregulation of death-inducing TNFα and upregulation of Th1/17-polarizing IL-12/IL-23 axis in macrophages caused by exposure to cancer-derived glucose metabolites may contribute to tumor progression.