jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Properties of lime-blended sludge ash as a cementitious construction material

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study describes the experimental work on utilization of digested and dewatered sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant, together with limestone and clay as raw materials for making cementitious building material. An optimum condition on mixture composition of the raw materials, incineration temperature and duration, as well as curing condition upon the highest possible strength development of the cement was determined based on the results obtained.
Peer Review #2 of "Weight-dependent susceptibility of tilapia to tilapia lake virus infection (v0.2)"

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The emergence of tilapia lake virus (TiLV) has had a severely negative impact on global tilapia aquaculture.TiLV infection has been reported at different life stages of tilapia, with more emphasis on fry and fingerlings; however, the virulence and pathology of TiLV at different tilapia size remains unexplored.In this study, tilapias from a single spawning were raised to 5 g, 25 g, and 65 g, and subsequently challenged by the intraperitoneal injection and cohabitation of a virulent strain of TiLV.The cumulative mortality, viral load, and histopathology of the fish were determined until 22 days post-infection (dpi).The cumulative mortality of the 5 g, 25 g, and 65 g fish was 85% (±1.67), 55% (±2.89), and 51.67% (±7.49), respectively.At 14 dpi, the mean TiLV load in the liver of the 5 g fish was significantly higher than in the 25 g and 65 g fish.All the weight groups showed severe pathological changes in the liver, spleen, and intestine after TiLV infection, but no particular difference was otherwise noted during the study with the exception of higher pathological scores in the liver of the small fish at 14 dpi.Overall, this study indicated that small fish are more susceptible to TiLV infection than large fish.Although multiple factors, including environmental factors, farm management practices, strains of virus could contribute to different susceptibility of fish to viral infection, the present study provides the evidence to support that fish weight affects the mortality and clinical outcome during TiLV infection.More intensive measures such as strict biosecurity and disease surveillance during the susceptible weight should therefore be emphasized to reduce the impact of this virus.
Effectiveness of brunnstrom approaches on improving hand function in right hemiplegic patients: A Comparative study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

NTRODUCTION : Brunnstrom approach is one form of neurological exercise therapy in the
rehabilitation of stroke. Uses primitive synergistic patterns in training in attempting to
improve motor control through central facilitation. Based on concept that damaged
CNS regressed to phylogenetically older patterns of movements (limb synergies and
primitive reflexes). Thus, synergies, primitive reflexes, and other abnormal
movements are considered normal processes of recovery before normal patterns of
movements are attained. OBJECTIVE : To find out the efficacy of Brunnstrom treatment approach on right
handed hemiplegic patient.
DESIGN : Two group study designed with pre-test and post-test.
PARTICIPANTS : Thirty subjects aged 40 to 60 years with stroke under Brunnstorm
recovery stage III were selected under purposive sampling Technique and assigned
into two groups with 15 subjects each, one group received Brunnstrom treatment
approach and the other group received conventional physiotherapy treatment.
OUTCOME MEASURE : Fugyl-Meyer motor scale assessment, is used to measure
functional outcome before and after treatment before and after treatment.
RESULTS : Statistical analysis done by using student ‘t’ test and independent ‘t’ test
showed that there was significant improvement in subjects who received Brunnstrom
treatment approach.
CONCLUSION : Hence, it can be concluded that Brunnstrom treatment approach is
a intervention for improving functional activity on right hemiplegic patient.
Giving on the Margin: The Power of Donor Recognition

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study develops a controlled laboratory experiment to examine the effects of personal recognition on charitable giving. I find evidence that both the possibility of acquiring prestige and the desire to avoid shame motivate individuals to give in recognition situations. Furthermore, I show that the possibility of being recognized is more important than the distinguishing value of that recognition, suggesting that an offer of recognition has greater power to increase charitable contributions when a larger proportion of donors will be recognized.
Secondary eclipses in the CoRoT light curves: A homogeneous search based on Bayesian model selection

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We aim to identify and characterize secondary eclipses in the original light curves of all published CoRoT planets using uniform detection and evaluation critetia. Our analysis is based on a Bayesian model selection between two competing models: one with and one without an eclipse signal. The search is carried out by mapping the Bayes factor in favor of the eclipse model as a function of the eclipse center time, after which the characterization of plausible eclipse candidates is done by estimating the posterior distributions of the eclipse model parameters using Markov Chain Monte Carlo. We discover statistically significant eclipse events for two planets, CoRoT-6b and CoRoT-11b, and for one brown dwarf, CoRoT-15b. We also find marginally significant eclipse events passing our plausibility criteria for CoRoT-3b, 13b, 18b, and 21b. The previously published CoRoT-1b and CoRoT-2b eclipses are also confirmed.
Evaluation of DNA Amplification Methods for Improved Detection of “Candidatus Liberibacter Species” Associated with Citrus Huanglongbing

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Citrus huanglongbing (HLB), also known as citrus greening or citrus yellow shoot, is considered the most serious disease of citrus worldwide. The disease has Asian, African, and American forms caused by “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus”, “Ca. L. africanus”, and “Ca. L. americanus”, respectively, which can be spread efficiently by the psyllid vectors Diaphorina citri and Trioza erytreae and through contaminated plant materials. Infected citrus groves are usually destroyed or become unproductive in 5 to 8 years. The presumed low concentration and uneven distribution of the pathogens in citrus plants and vector insects make the phloem-limited bacterium difficult to detect consistently. In this study, we compared and validated four conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based protocols, one loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) protocol, and three TaqMan real-time PCR protocols. The detection sensitivity of the validated conventional PCR assays reported are improved compared with the original protocols. All of the validated conventional and the newly developed real-time methods were reliable for confirmatory tests for the presence of “Ca. Liberibacter spp.” in symptomatic samples. There were no differences in assay specificity among the standard format PCR-based methods evaluated. The TaqMan real-time PCR was 10- to 100-fold more sensitive than conventional PCR and LAMP, showing the potential to become a valuable tool for early detection and identification of “Ca. Liberibacter spp.” prior to the appearance of disease symptoms. The methods validated in this study will be very useful for regulatory response, effective management of infected trees, and development of a “Ca. Liberibacter spp.”-free nursery system.
OMAZEO, ŠIROVIĆ AND UPRISING OF BOKA / KRIVOŠIJE IN 1869−1870 (With Three Unknown Širović’s Letters)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article discusses the previously unpublished correspondence between the writer and captain Andrija Širović and Italian politician and writer Niccolò Tommaseo. The correspondence brings new information about Širović’s political and cultural orientation, the extent of communication exercised by Tommaseo along the Adriatic coast, as well as on political events in Boka Kotorska in that period.
Differences in Ownership Structures across Countries

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter summarizes stylized facts on corporate ownership and control structures around the world and their impact on managerial decisions and firm performance. Recent literature suggests that family control and pyramidal business groups are the two distinct organizational characteristics prevalent outside the United States and the United Kingdom. An important explanatory factor is the quality of investor protection, which determines the degree of private benefit extraction by the controlling party. Pyramidal business groups extend the boundaries of a firm beyond a single legal entity, raising challenges in disentangling group-level effect from other firm-level factors.
Influence of Pregnancy and Lactation on Susceptibility to Arrest of Brain Circulation.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

By means of a new technic, it has been possible to obtain constant results from dog to dog with the same period of complete arrest of the brain circulation. The sex, age, or breed of the experimental adult animal had no influence on the sensitivity of the brain to arrest of its blood flow. On the other hand, puppies were much more resistant than adult animals to this procedure. The present report deals with the influence of pregnancy and lactation on the resistance of the brain to arrest of its circulation. In every instance, the pregnant or lactating animal was more severely affected by brain stasis than the normal adult animal. A similar increase in susceptibility was shown by 2 young females at about the age of sexual maturity, one of whom was in the first oestrus. The results are compiled in Table I. Only the dogs indicated by asterisks (after survival) died from the arrest of the brain circulation. The others were either sacrificed or are still alive. The striking increase in severity of the brain damage as compared to normal adult animals is evident. A study of the time of persistence of respiration and the corneal reflex following acute arrest of blood flow in the brain shows no difference between pregnant or lactating and normal adults. Furthermore, the recovery times of respiration and the corneal reflex following restoration of cephalic blood flow were very similar in the 2 groups of dogs. In other words, the survival time and the recovery time are within normal limits while the revival time is greatly decreased by pregnancy and lactation. This suggests the possibility that the greater susceptibility during pregnancy and lactation may be due, not to a difference in the rate of metabolism, but rather to a difference in the ability of the animal to overcome reversible neuronal damage.
Paperless Poison Center: an alternative to bubbling.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Paperless Poison Center (PPC) is a computer software program which allows for direct entering of data collection, data submission to the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) and on-site analysis of data using RBASE. A comparison of the computer collection system vs bubbling of AAPCC sheets is discussed as to speed and ease of use, accuracy and cost. A summary of our comparison concludes that the computerized system is cost effective, more efficient, and more accurate than the paper method. Poison Information Specialist (PIS) acceptance of the program has been overwhelmingly positive.
Improved tribal delimitation of the subfamily Dictyopharinae and description of new genera and new species (Homoptera, Fulgoroidea, Dictyopharidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ten new genera, five new subgenera, and five new species are described in the family Dictyopharidae. Three generic names are synonymized. A new name is proposed for the generic homonym. Dictyophara kazeruna Dlabola is transferred to the genus Callodictya Melichar. The genus Sinodictya Matsumura, with the type species Sinodictya tukana Matsumura, is redescribed. A new key to the tribes of the subfamily Dictyopharinae is given. The composition and characters of the tribes Taosini and Lappidini are revised. All the genera of the subfamily Dictyopharinae are listed according to their tribal position. New records are given for some interesting species.
The survey of central obesity and BMI associated with different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Adipose tissue distribution is effective in metabolic complications resulting from obesity. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity and android obesity based on various phenotypes of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) in 14–18 year old high-school female students in Shiraz in 2009. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 14–18 years old high-school girl in Shiraz in 2009. 3190-Subject sample size was determined. After obtaining written informed consents, demographic information questionnaire was completed and the participants were examined regarding hirsutism, acne, alopecia, and menstrual disorders. Besides, the criteria proposed by Adams et al. were employed to diagnose PCOS in sonography. Android obesity and BMI were evaluated. Then, the data were entered into the SPSS software (v. 11.5) and analyzed. Results: The participants’ mean weight, mean height, and mean waist circumference were 54.14 ± 9.99 kg, 160.20 ± 5.76 cm, and 65.24 ± 7.34 cm, respectively. In addition, 616 participants (20.5%) were underweight, 234 (9.5%) were overweight, and 110 (3.5%) were obese. Also, 15 participants (0.5%) had android obesity. The results of independent t-test showed no significant difference among various phenotypes of PCOS regarding mean android obesity and BMI (P > 0.05). Overall, 16.6% of the study participants (514 subjects) suffered from menstrual disorders and oligomenorrhea. Also, 99 participants (3.1%) had BMI ⩾ 26. Conclusion: The results revealed no significant relationship between female adolescents’ obesity and various phenotypes of PCOS. However, adolescents should be informed about the long-term hyperandrogenic outcomes which are accompanied by insulin secretion and endanger their health after the age of 40 years.
Asynchoronous Sampling of Speech

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A speech waveform can be sampled asynchronously, resulting in a sequence of samples which are not at all periodic nor indicative of the amplitude of the speech signal but which definitely carry sufficient information for both intelligibility and speaker identification. This method of asynchronously sampling speech is based upon the derivatives of the acoustical speech signal. The following results are apparent from experiments to date: (1) It is possible to represent speech by a string of pulses of uniform amplitude, where the only information contained in the string is the spacing of the pulses in time; (2) the string of pulses may be produced in a simple analog manner; (3) the first derivative of the original speech waveform is the most important for the encoding process; and (4) the resulting pulse train can be utilized to control an acoustical signal production system to regenerate the “intelligence” of the original speech. The paper describes the present processes involved in obtaining the pulses, some results of analysis of the pulse distributions, and a description of a simple attempt to produce the original speech from the pulse code.
Dagstidningars implicita argumentation- Framsidors användning av pathos : En retorisk analys av svenska dagstidningars potential att påverka känslolägeni det svenska samhället sett till kontexten av kriget i Ukraina

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This bachelor's thesis is about exploring what rhetorical power a daily newspaper’s front page might possess in affecting a nation’s emotion with regards to the portrayal of news. More specifically, we study how the news about the war in Ukraine presented on the front pages of Swedish newspapers may contribute to the sense of alarm regarding the current situation in Sweden. The material consists of four front covers from two newspapers, two from Svenska Dagbladet and two from Aftonbladet, from the 25th and 26th of February, the first two days after the war broke out. Our theoretical framework aims to propose a nuanced multimodal view on pathosanalysis that is based on the combined insights from linguistics and argumentation studies on the perspective of emotions with our own proposal for a visual addition. The analysis shows how emotions are conveyed through the linguistic structure of the headlines, the choice of images and the overall composition of the front page. We were able to provide potential links from the emotions conveyed in the material to the unease experienced in Sweden during that time even though further research is required for verification. The results also indicate an interrelation between objectivity and the need for sales in newspaper front cover with regards to prior research on magazine covers.
B Lymphocytes in Lepromatous Leprosy

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract B lymphocytes were quantified in peripheral blood of nine patients with lepromatous leprosy by means of an immunofluorescent technic. In five of seven cases with active lepromatous leprosy the proportions and absolute numbers of B lymphocytes were very high (60 to 85 per cent). Two patients showed normal percentages of B lymphocytes (28.7 ± 6.9); and one of these had recently experienced a reversal reaction toward a tuberculoid form. Two patients with lepromatous leprosy treated effectively with sulfones whose disease was apparently inactive clinically continued to show elevated numbers of B lymphocytes. The high number of B lymphocytes may represent an overcompensation or stimulation of B cells when the T-cell population and its functions are deficient. (N Engl J Med 288:1033–1035, 1973)
Concept test method to assist engineering students to involve users in a user-centered design project

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Including user information in products that can be produced and sold for profit is critical to user-centered design. However, there is in the current literature a lack of methods to help designers in the initial phase of development. This lack is more critical when designers and engineers have little or no expertise in involving users in the Product Development Process (PDP). This paper presents a new method to evaluate product concept through the involvement of users with low-fidelity prototypes. The method was used in a case research with engineering students in a learning environment at a Brazilian public university. The qualitative analysis of the case research took place through the monitors' audios, method chart results, and groups' reports. These data revealed the effectiveness of the Concept Test method to assist groups of developers. Using prototype functionalities to involve users has brought relevant information to the design and it is extremely beneficial for engineering students and users without a level of expertise. Concept test is believed to be effective for the developer team to involve users in their projects through prototypes, but they should work as a complement to the requirements management methods in the other stages of development.
Greater Social Engagement and Greater Gray Matter Microstructural Integrity of Aging Adults

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Social engagement reflects habitual social roles in aging adults and may protect against dementia. Cross-sectional associations of social engagement (SE) index with gray matter (GM) microstructure was studied in regions of interest relevant to social cognition among community-dwelling older adults [n=293, mean age: 82.8 years (SD: 2.8), 43% males] using linear regression models. Greater SE was significantly related to lower mean diffusivity (MD) (greater GM microstructural integrity) [shown as standardized estimate (p-value)] in: left middle frontal gyrus-orbital part: -0.168 (0.005), left caudate nucleus: -0.141 (0.02), left temporal pole-middle temporal gyrus: -0.136 (0.03), right middle frontal gyrus: -0.160 (0.006), right superior frontal gyrus-orbital part: -0.187 (0.002), right middle frontal gyrus, orbital part: -0.124 (0.04), adjusted for demographic attributes. Associations were robust to adjustment for hearing or ADL difficulty. Findings were generally stronger in females than in males. Social engagement may prevent GM integrity loss and build brain reserve in dementia-related regions. Part of a symposium sponsored by Brain Interest Group.
Risk Factors Associated with Disease Severity and Clinical Outcomes for COVID-19 in Wuhan, China

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: A new type of pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) appeared in Wuhan, China. However, the risk factors and characteristics related to the severity of the disease and its outcomes need to be further explored. Methods: In this retrospective study, we evaluated COVID-19 patients with severe disease and those who were critically ill, as diagnosed at Jinyintan Hospital (Wuhan, China). The demographic information, clinical characteristics, complications, and laboratory results for the patients were evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression methods were used to analyze risk factors related to hospital deaths. Results: The 235 COVID-19 patients included were divided into a severe group of 183 (78%) and a critical group of 52 (22%). Of these patients, 185 (79%) were discharged, and 50 (21%) died during hospitalization. In multivariate logistic analyses, age (OR=1.07, 95% CI 1.02-1.14, P=0.009), critical disease (OR=48.23, 95% CI 10.91-323.13, P<0.001), low lymphocyte counts (OR=15.48, 95% CI 1.98-176.49, P=0.015), elevated interleukin 6 (IL-6) (OR=9.11, 95% CI 1.69-67.75, P=0.017), and elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (OR=8.46, 95% CI 2.16-42.60, P=0.004) were independent risk factors for adverse outcomes. Conclusions: The results show that advanced age (> 64 years), critical illness, low lymphocyte levels, and elevated IL-6 and AST were factors for the risk of death for COVID-19 patients who had severe disease and those who were critically ill.
Linguistic Landscape of Jalan Gajah Mada Heritage Area in Denpasar City

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to explain the contestation of languages on outdoor signboards found in the heritage area of Jalan Gajah Mada in terms of linguistic landscape and how the implementations of government policies for language use in the public space. The heritage area of Jalan Gajah Mada was originally a trading center but recently it is starting to be developed into a tourist attraction of Denpasar old city The study was done by analysing 275 photos of outdoor signboards which were taken along the Jalan Gajah Mada. Those photos were classified based on the type of outdoor signboards, the maker, the number of languages, the number of scripts. The results show that the language that is mostly used in outdoor signboards in this area is Indonesian, eventhough the shops are mostly owned by Chinese descendants and several Indian and Arabian descendants. The study also showed that an outdoor signboard can have one, two, three, or even four languages simultaneously. For those outdoor signboards that use three and four languages, the two of them for sure are Indonesian and English. In accordance with the Regulation of the Governor of Bali Province Number 80 of 2018, especially with the regulation of the use of Balinese and Roman script, the implementation of government policies has not been implemented consistently. The outdoor signboards of government agency names were written exactly following the rules while other outdoor signboards are not.