jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
CSR associations and market value: the moderating role of market competition

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose This paper aims to study the impact of consumers’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) associations on corporate financial performance and the moderating role of market competition. Design/methodology/approach The panel data set is analyzed using a random effects regression model. The analyzed data is based on the unique RepZ Responsibility scores published by the global research agency Kantar Millward Brown and contains information about consumer CSR associations. Findings This study reveals CSR associations' positive, lagged, direct impact on firms’ market value. Market competition moderates this relationship in the way that a company’s market value benefits more from consumers' CSR associations when facing high rather than low market competition. Practical implications Consumers' CSR perceptions increase the market value of a company. This effect is intensified when brands are exposed to intense competition, which allows conclusions about CSR as a differentiation strategy to be drawn: To stand out in a competitive market, brands should prioritize improving their CSR associations among consumers to differentiate themselves and increase their market value. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to test the effect of consumers’ CSR associations on forward-looking financial performance measures. Moreover, by analyzing the moderating effect of market competition on the relationship between CSR associations and firms' market value, this study provides information about the differentiating power of CSR from a brand perspective using a panel-data analysis.
Assessing the discrepancies between recorded and commonly assumed journey times in London

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Transport models for infrastructure investment and operations planning make use of generalised trip cost to predict travel choice decisions. In cities, the most important factors in the generalised cost is trip duration. When calibrating such models to achieve simulation fidelity, observed data such as the choice of destination and means of travel recorded in travel surveys are used in estimating model parameters. Ideally, observed travel durations should also be used in the model estimation. However, in the past it was infeasible to record the actual trip durations to any degree of accuracy in travel surveys. Trip durations derived from a transport network model were commonly assumed to be sufficiently representative. Increasing availability of better recorded trip durations from travel surveys and better modelled trip durations from online mapping present the promise of significant improvements in the fidelity of transport models. As a preamble to adopting such data, we investigate how the best developed recording of actual trip durations from the London Travel Demand Survey compares with the most advanced trip duration modelling from Google Map travel directions API. We find clear discrepancies between the two, with the discrepancies varying systematically for different means and purposes of travel. The magnitude of the discrepancies is greater than can be attributed to randomness or noise. The systematic nature of the discrepancies suggests that transport network modelling even in its advanced form still has a long way to go to represent the observed patterns of behaviour, particularly for non-commuting journeys which account for about 80% of all trips made in cities. Since the discrepancies may create a systematic bias in the model parameters, it is of critical importance to understand them better in future analysis.
Role of innate lymphoid cells in paediatric severe therapy resistant asthma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Children with severe therapy-resistant asthma (STRA) have poor control despite maximal therapy. The pattern of airway inflammation in severe disease may therefore be less steroid sensitive. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are immune cells of lymphoid morphology that do not express typical antigen receptors but mirror the functions of T cells. They are classified into three groups. ILC2s express CD127 and CRTH2, secrete Th2 cytokines, express GATA3 and are induced by IL-33 which is steroid resistant and increased in paediatric STRA. I hypothesised that airway ILC2s are increased in STRA and are steroid resistant, thus contributing to disease pathology. I characterised ILC2s in induced sputum (IS), broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) and peripheral blood (PBMC) in children with STRA compared to non-asthmatic controls and investigated their response to systemic steroids. Methods BAL, PBMCs and IS were obtained from 18 STRA children and 16 with chronic inflammation (CI) undergoing a clinically indicated bronchoscopy. IS was obtained in an additional 13 children with STRA and 6 with CI. Cells were analysed by multi-parametric flow cytometry for ILC and Th2 markers. Assessments of sputum ILCs were performed in STRA before and after systemic steroids. In vitro cultures of PBMCs were undertaken to determine ILC and T cell responses to allergen and steroids. Results ILC2s were identified in IS from STRA, but not CI, and were significantly higher in BAL and sputum than PBMCs in STRA. Th2 cells were ten-fold higher than ILC2s in all compartments. Sputum ILC2s decreased following systemic steroids and PBMC cultures showed a significant reduction in ILC2s with steroids. Conclusion ILC2s were elevated in children with STRA and were more abundant in airways than peripherally. However, Th2 cells were the predominant lymphoid airway cell type. Unlike IL-33, ILC2s were steroid sensitive thus their contribution in mediating severe, steroid resistant disease remains uncertain
Computer vision‐based diameter maps to study fluoroscopic recordings of small intestinal motility from conscious experimental animals

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background When available, fluoroscopic recordings are a relatively cheap, non‐invasive and technically straightforward way to study gastrointestinal motility. Spatiotemporal maps have been used to characterize motility of intestinal preparations in vitro, or in anesthetized animals in vivo. Here, a new automated computer‐based method was used to construct spatiotemporal motility maps from fluoroscopic recordings obtained in conscious rats. Methods Conscious, non‐fasted, adult, male Wistar rats (n=8) received intragastric administration of barium contrast, and 1‐2 hours later, when several loops of the small intestine were well‐defined, a 2 minutes‐fluoroscopic recording was obtained. Spatiotemporal diameter maps (Dmaps) were automatically calculated from the recordings. Three recordings were also manually analyzed for comparison. Frequency analysis was performed in order to calculate relevant motility parameters. Key Results In each conscious rat, a stable recording (17‐20 seconds) was analyzed. The Dmaps manually and automatically obtained from the same recording were comparable, but the automated process was faster and provided higher resolution. Two frequencies of motor activity dominated; lower frequency contractions (15.2±0.9 cpm) had an amplitude approximately five times greater than higher frequency events (32.8±0.7 cpm). Conclusions & Inferences The automated method developed here needed little investigator input, provided high‐resolution results with short computing times, and automatically compensated for breathing and other small movements, allowing recordings to be made without anesthesia. Although slow and/or infrequent events could not be detected in the short recording periods analyzed to date (17‐20 seconds), this novel system enhances the analysis of in vivo motility in conscious animals.
Baseball Head Impacts to the Non-Helmeted and Helmeted Hydrid III ATD

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Traumatic brain injury may occur in baseball due to a head impact with a thrown, pitched, or batted ball. It has been shown that the average pitching speed of youth pitchers and high school pitchers is approximately 63 mph (28 m/s) and 74 mph (33 m/s), respectively. At pitching speeds of approximately 52 mph (23 m/s), the bat exit velocity (BEV) for metal bats has been shown to be approximately 100 mph (45 m/s). Head kinematics, such as linear and angular head accelerations, are often used to establish head injury risk for head impacts. With a possible ball impact velocity reaching speeds in excess of those typically tested for baseball headgear, it is necessary to understand how the head will respond to high velocity impacts in both helmeted and non-helmeted situations. In this study, head impacts were delivered to the front and side of a Hybrid III 50th percentile male anthropomorphic test device (ATD) by a baseball traveling at speeds of 60 mph (27 m/s), 75 mph (34 m/s), and 100 mph (45 m/s). Head impacts were performed on the non-helmeted ATD head and with the ATD wearing a standard batting helmet certified in accordance with the NOCSAE standard. The Hybrid III headform was instrumented with a nine accelerometer array to measure linear accelerations of the head and determine angular accelerations. Peak resultant linear head accelerations for the non-helmeted ATD were approximately 200–400 g for frontal impacts and approximately 220–480 g for lateral impacts. Peak resultant angular head accelerations for the non-helmeted condition were approximately 17,000–32,000 rad/s2 for frontal impacts and approximately 30,000–60,000 rad/s2 for lateral impacts. For the helmeted ATD, peak resultant linear accelerations of the head were approximately 70–300 g for frontal impacts and approximately 80–360 g for lateral impacts. Peak resultant angular head accelerations for the helmeted ATD were approximately 5,000–14,000 rad/s2 for frontal impacts and approximately 7,500–30,000 rad/s2 for lateral impacts. HIC values for the non-helmeted ATD were approximately 193–1,025 for frontal impacts and approximately 241–1,588 for lateral impacts. SI values for the non-helmeted ATD were approximately 235–1,267 for frontal impacts and approximately 285–1,844 for lateral impacts. HIC values for the helmeted ATD were approximately 16–415 for frontal impacts and approximately 23–585 for lateral impacts. SI values for the helmeted ATD were approximately 25–521 for frontal impacts and approximately 32–708 for lateral impacts. In comparison to the non-helmeted condition, the results demonstrate the effectiveness of a batting helmet in mitigating head accelerations for the frontal and lateral impact conditions tested.
Alpha 1-adrenergic receptor stimulated responses.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

alpha 1 Receptors have been investigated using a variety of experimental approaches. alpha 1-Receptor stimulation of phosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis shows differences in agonist efficacy. The potency series and antagonists clearly suggest that alpha 1 receptors are coupled to phosphoinositide hydrolysis. This coupling appears to be mediated by a guanine nucleotide protein coupling the agonist-receptor complex to the phosphoinositide phosphodiesterase. However, certain alpha 1-agonists stimulate phosphoinositide hydrolysis only at very high concentrations that are not sensitive to prazosin antagonism. Other studies on alpha 1-receptor desensitization note discrepancies in coupling to phosphoinositide hydrolysis that are also found when comparing hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive (WKY) rats. Furthermore, molecular studies indicate that the apparent molecular weight of the alpha 1 receptors varies among tissues. These studies suggest heterogeneity in alpha 1 receptors and alpha 1-receptor-mediated responses. This heterogeneity is supported by studies on alpha 1-adrenergic-receptor-mediated decreases in angiotensin II receptors. The response to alpha 1 stimulation is opposite to that found with phorbol esters, which mimic the second messenger response to PI hydrolysis. Thus, these studies suggest that alpha 1-adrenergic receptors are coupled to multiple second messenger responses, one of which is phosphoinositide hydrolysis.
Breeding and Evaluating of a New Flue-cured Tobacco Variety Yuyan 4 and its Characteristics

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A new flue-cured tobacco variety Yuyan 4 was developed from Xujin 1(female parent) and coker176(male parent) with a genealogy method and passed the national tobacco evaluation in March 2006.The results of multi-location trials for several years showed that with stable agronomic characteristics,Yuyan 4 grew uniformly and vigorously in field and had a growing period of 113-110 days.It was resistant to black shank,moderately resistant to root-knot nematode and CMV.Its leaves matured well layer by layer and easy to be cured.The cured leaves were in orange color,loosely structured,oily with strong aroma and average body.The content and ratio of the major chemical components were suitable.Its average yield,price,first grade leaf proportion,output value were 2273 kg / hm2,7.01yuan / kg,21.86% and 15909.22 yuan / hm2,respectively.Yuyan 4 is superior in terms of general characteristics compared with the control variety NC89.
Clinical curative effect observation for gastric cancer with liver metastasis use operation and radiofrequency ablation combined postoperative chemotherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the operation and radiofrequency ablation combined with postoperative chemotherapy in treatment of gastric cancer with obstruction,and liver metastases patients.METHODS: Totally 37 cases of patients with gastric cancer were treated with palliative resection,intraoperative liver metastases radiofrequency ablation.After operation patients according to body surface area,conventional chemotherapy of FORFIRI regimen.Using contrast enhanced spiral CT scanning,color doppler ultrasound,therapeutic effect was estimated.RESULTS: Thirty-seven cases,postoperative gastrointestinal obstruction symptoms disappeared.In 78 liver metastases,1 months postoperative radiologic evaluation of tumor inactivation,the effective rate was 97.3%(36/37).All patients 1 to 30 months of follow-up,37 patients,half a year,1 years,2 year survival rates were 91.89%,81.08% and 62.16%.The median survival time was 26.7 months.CONCLUSION: For the gastric cancer patients with obstruction and liver metastases,intraoperative palliative resection and liver metastases radiofrequency ablation,postoperative chemotherapy,can increase lifetime.
Peer Review #2 of "Grazing effects on woody and herbaceous plant biodiversity on a limestone mountain in northern Tunisia (v0.1)"

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Mediterranean maquis vegetation is highly biodiverse, but widespread grazing poses a challenge for management and conservation.We sampled woody and herbaceous plants separately on a limestone mountain with strong mesic-xeric gradients in Tunisia's Parc National de L' Ichkeul, assessed grazing pressure (on a scale of 1-3), and asked whether grazing had a significant effect on plant compositional abundance before and after controlling for environmental covariates.Sites on the more mesic lakeside face of the mountain were most compositionally unique, and forbs contributed most to the herbaceous beta-diversity on the mountain.We used variance partitioning to separate the collective and individual effects of the abiotic environment, grazing, human activity, and space on herbaceous and woody beta-diversity.However, the individual effect of grazing on overall plant community composition was confounded with space, due to the spatially autocorrelated grazing pressure on the mountain.Importantly, we found that herbaceous and woody communities responded differently to increasing levels of grazing intensity: herbaceous beta-diversity was highest between sites with no grazing pressure, while woody beta-diversity peaked under light grazing.Herbaceous community composition was sensitive to any intensity of grazing pressure, and biotic homogenization occured under moderate-to-high grazing pressure.On the other hand, woody community composition remained relatively similar under no to light grazing pressure, but differed under moderate-to-heavy grazing.Using a one-way permutational analysis of variance analysis, we showed that grazing had a significant effect when controlling for abiotic and spatial covariates.Our findings offer insight into the effects of grazing on maquis vegetation at Jebel Ichkeul, acting as a microcosm of similar conservation and management issues elsewhere in the Mediterranean.We suggest that a combination of monitoring and carefully controlled grazing may enhance plant diversity and maintain the region's biodiverse maquis vegetation, potentially maintaining a key climate refugium for
Composite right/left‐handed ultra‐wideband metamaterial antenna with improved gain

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A coplanar waveguide‐fed ultra‐wideband (UWB) composite right/left‐handed (CRLH) antenna is presented. It is designed by embedding CRLH unit‐cell on the top side and split‐ring resonator (SRR) on the bottom side of FR4 epoxy substrate. The UWB response is obtained by merging the resonances of CRLH unit‐cell and SRR with two additional resonances due to patch feed‐line and ground plane, respectively. Subsequently, the gain of UWB CRLH antenna is enhanced by loading two partial reactive impedance surfaces (PRISs) on the double layer FR4 substrate. First PRIS is embedded directly on the rear side of CRLH antenna (upper layer substrate) whereas the second PRIS is designed on the backside of the lower layer substrate. A considerable improvement in gain is observed over the frequency range from 6.2 to 10.6 GHz with peak enhancement of 1.75 dB. The proposed antenna is fabricated and measured. The measured results indicate −10 dB fractional bandwidth of 126.15% (3‐13.25 GHz) with realized gains of 2.2, 5.25, 5.5, and 7.3 dBi at 3.57, 7.46, 8.92, and 10.59 GHz, respectively. The simulated radiation efficiency is above 61% with a peak value of 86.21%. All measured and simulated results match reasonably well.
Laws Governing Free and Actual Drying Shrinkage of 50 mm Thick Mongolian Scotch Pine Timber

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The relationships between free shrinkage and actual shrinkage of different layers in Mongolian Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.) were explored to provide basic data for the further study of drying shrinkage properties. The free shrinkage coefficients at different temperatures and the actual shrinkage strain of each layer were examined under conventional drying. The results showed high precision of free drying shrinkage of corresponding layers of thin small test strips in each layer of sawn timber. The free shrinkage increased linearly as moisture content declined. At the same temperature, the free shrinkage coefficient reached the largest values for the first layer (above 0.267%), while the smallest values were recorded for the ninth layer (below 0.249%). Except for the ninth layer, the free shrinkage coefficients in width directions of other representative layers decreased as temperature increased. At constant temperature, the difference in free shrinkage coefficient of test materials in the length direction of sawn timber was small for the first layer, but slightly larger and changed irregularly in the fifth and ninth layer direction. At the end of conventional drying, the plastic deformation of each layer in the early stage of drying showed a reducing trend or even reversal due to the effects of reverse stress and later damp heat. In sum, these findings look promising for future optimization of wood drying process.
Highly-Organized One-Dimensional Copper-Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes for Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation of Acid Orange 52

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Highly-organized one-dimensional arrays of copper-doped titanium dioxide nanotubes (Cu-TiNTs) were synthesized in a one-pot approach by double anodization of titanium sheets. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy showed that Cu-TiNTs have an average inner diameter of 52.13 nm, a wall thickness of 14.28 nm, and a tube length of 0.6401 μm. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of characteristic O-Ti-O bond of TiO 2 . X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy confirmed copper-doping with an average dopant loading of 0.0248%. Even at this low dopant loading, Cu-TiNTs were shown to be photo-active in degrading Acid Orange 52 (AO 52) under UV light illumination. The kinetic profiles of AO 52 photoelectrochemical degradation were best described by the pseudo-first-order kinetic model (R 2 ≥ 0.991) with kinetic constants 9.42 x 10 -3 min -1 for Cu-TiNTs as compared to 6.04 x 10 -3 min -1 for pristine TiNTs. Overall, doping pristine TiNTs with Cu was shown to enhance its photoelectrocatalytic properties in degrading textile dyes such as AO 52.
Architecture of the Tuggang Bosar (King Najungal) Palace in South Tapanuli District, North Sumatra

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article discusses the architectural pattern of Raja Najungal's Palace in South Tapanuli Regency. This palace was founded by Raja Tuan Patuan Nagaga Najungal, he was Sultan Haji Baharuddin Harahap, a descendant of Ompu Toga Langit who was the ancestor of the Harahap clan. With a focus on identifying architectural characteristics and analyzing its historical value. The research methods used include field surveys, analysis of historical documentation, as well as studies of traditional architecture and the history of the Sultanate of Raja Najungal. This palace has a unique decoration. Some of the carvings contained in the architectural patterns of king Najungal's palace buildings are o n the left and right of the gate there are two elephant statues, the gate ornament is in the form of steps, consisting of five levels and five small domes. The architecture is Angkola and Malay styled, the eight yellow building pillars that support the palace roof are made high, on the roof of the building there are tree classic domes. This research also discusses the implications of the historical and cultural values of the architecture of this palace building in the context of the history of the Sultanate of king Najungal and the cultural heritage that is still relevant today.
Biological Survey on cuttlefishes of Systan-o-Baluchistan waters (Southeastern Iran)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Species of cephalopoda and biological characteristics of Sepia pharaonis, were investigated in tho fishing grounds of Goitre" to "Gallak" corresponding to 61,31 - 59,30 eastern longitude and 25,10 - 25,23 northern latitude respectively. The balk of the study was confined to chabahar estuary during which 8 cephalopoda species were identified With Sepia pharaonis beingihe dominant one. Spawning of S. pharapnis occurs between the two southwest and northeast monsoon periods in December and November. Although spring spawning is demonstrated to occur, it is Are spawning which coniribute mostly io regeneration of S. pharapnis. \n Water temperature in spawning season varies between 22 to 28.5 degrees centigrade. \n Fishing season in this arca overlaps with spawning or S. pharaonis and in this period they have been found to migrate from deeper waters to shallower waters in littoral zone. \n The best fishing grounds in Systan - o - Baluchistan provirice are recognized to be "Ties and "Pozm". A series of analyses carried out on the meat, ink and cuttle bone of S. pharaonis and the ratio of ingredients were Determined.