jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Concordance of the SCQ and ADOS in identifying autism symptomatology in genetic syndrome groups

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Increased rates of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) occur in a number of genetic neurodevelopmental syndromes. However, profiles of autism symptomatology may differ from those typically associated with ‘idiopathic’ ASD; ASD profiles also vary between syndromes. The Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) is a widely used screen to identify children at risk of ASD. The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS and ADOS‐2) is a semi‐structured observational measure, often considered the ‘gold‐standard’ for aiding ASD diagnosis. The appropriateness of the SCQ and ADOS for identifying ASD in these groups remains unknown.\n\nMethods: Social Communication Questionnaire and ADOS data were collected for 231 participants (age 4–59 years) with genetic syndromes: Down (DS, n = 68), Cornelia de Lange (CdLS, n = 59), Rubinstein–Taybi (RTS, n = 28), Fragile X (FXS, n = 51) and Cri du Chat (CdCS, n = 25). Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS) scores were available for most (>90%) of the sample.\n\nResults: Across the total sample, approximately 43% met criteria for ASD on both the SCQ and ADOS measures; 23% met criteria on neither. Of the remainder, 13% had scores at/above cut‐off on the SCQ but not on the ADOS, and 21% scored positively on the ADOS but not on the SCQ. Sensitivity of the SCQ in relation to ADOS/ADOS‐2 classifications was 68% and specificity 63%, both figures lower than those typically reported in studies of other autism cohorts. There was no consistent relationship between degree of concordance on these measures and participants' level of social, communication or daily living skills (as measured by the VABS). Agreement between SCQ and ADOS classifications (i.e. whether individuals met cut‐off for ASD) also varied between syndrome groups, with agreement highest in the FXS and DS groups and lowest for individuals with CdCS.\n\nConclusions: Caution is required when using standard ASD assessment instruments to identify autism in individuals with specific genetic disorders.
S92 Hepcidin and interleukin-6 downregulate BMPR2 and dysregulate BMPR2 downstream pathways; implications for pulmonary artery hypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is a condition resulting from vascular remodelling and elevated pulmonary arterial pressure. Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor II (BMPR2) mutations have been strongly associated with heritable forms of PAH. Previous studies have demonstrated that the hepcidin/ferroportin axis acts to downregulate BMPR2 and promote proliferation in pulmonary artery smooth muscle. However, the role of hepcidin on pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC) and BMPR2 downstream pathways is yet to be elucidated.

Aims

To investigate the influence of Hepcidin/IL-6 on PAEC proliferation, mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as BMPR2 and downstream pathway perturbation.

Methods

PAECs were treated with Hepcidin-25 (100 ng/mL or 1µg/mL) or Interleukin-6 (IL-6) (1 ng/mL or 10 ng/mL). Proliferation was determined using CyQuant assay, gene transcription was analysed using real-time PCR and protein expression by Western Blot (WB) and Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).

Results

Hepcidin and IL-6 after 24h treatment cause PAECs to proliferate (n=4; p<0.05). Hepcidin and IL-6 treatments both upregulate hepcidin mRNA and protein expression (n=4 and n=17; p<0.05). BMPR2 mRNA and protein expression, as measured by rt-PCR (n=4; p<0.05) and WB analysis (n=1) is downregulated in PAECs by hepcidin and IL-6. However, WB and mRNA analysis also show that hepcidin treatment increases expression and phosphorylation of SMAD1/5 at different time-points (figure 1). Furthermore, ID mRNA expression was dysregulated at several time-points compared to control. Hepcidin upregulates PINK1 mRNA expression 6-fold compared to control (n=4; p<0.0001).

Conclusions

These study findings uncover the complexity of the relationship between hepcidin and BMP-signalling in PAECs. Disruption in iron homeostasis and elevation in hepcidin levels have been reported in PAH populations, thus a role for a dysregulated hepcidin/ferroportin axis and downstream pathway disruption presents a potential mechanism for these observations. Nonetheless, further research is pivotal to fully elucidate the role of hepcidin in disrupting PAEC iron homeostasis and BMP-signalling.
Superhydrophilic\nand Underwater Superaerophobic Dual-Function\nPeony-Shaped Selenide Micro–nano Array Self-Supported Electrodes\nfor High-Efficiency Overall Water Splitting Driven by Renewable Energy

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With the intensification of global environmental pollution\nand\nresource scarcity, hydrogen has garnered significant attention as\nan ideal alternative to fossil fuels due to its high energy density\nand nonpolluting nature. Consequently, the urgent development of electrocatalytic\nwater-splitting electrodes for hydrogen production is imperative.\nIn this study, a superwetting selenide catalytic electrode with a\npeony-flower-shaped micronano array (MoS<sub>2</sub>/Co<sub>0.8</sub>Fe<sub>0.2</sub>Se<sub>2</sub>/Ni<sub><i>x</i></sub>Se<sub><i>y</i></sub>/nickel foam (NF)) was synthesized on NF\nvia a two-step hydrothermal method. The optimal catalytic activity\nof cobalt–iron selenide was achieved by adjusting the Co/Fe\nratio. The intrinsic catalytic activity of the electrodes was enhanced\nby incorporating transition metal selenides, which then served as\na precursor for the subsequent loading of MoS<sub>2</sub> nanoflowers\non the surface to fully expose the active sites. Furthermore, the\nsuperwetting properties of the electrode accelerated electrolyte penetration\nand electron/mass transfer, while also facilitating bubble detachment\nfrom the electrode surface, thereby preventing “bubble shielding\neffect”. This resulted in superior oxygen evolution reaction\n(OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance, as well as\noverall water splitting capabilities. In a 1.0 M KOH solution, the\nelectrode required only 166 and 195 mV overpotential to achieve a\ncurrent density of 10 mA cm<sup>–2</sup> for OER and HER, respectively.\nWhen functioning as a bifunctional catalytic electrode, only 1.60\nV of voltage was necessary to drive the electrolyzer to reach a current\ndensity of 10 mA cm<sup>–2</sup>. Moreover, laboratory simulations\nof wind and solar energy-driven water splitting validated the feasibility\nof establishing a sustainable energy-to-hydrogen production chain.\nThis work provides new insights into the preparation of low-overpotential,\nhigh-catalytic-activity superhydrophilic and underwater superaerophobic\ncatalytic electrodes by rationally adjusting elemental ratios and\nexploring changes in electrode surface wettability.
Development of a Liquid Chromatography–High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Metabolomics Method with High Specificity for Metabolite Identification Using All Ion Fragmentation Acquisition

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS)-based metabolomics approaches have made significant advances. However, metabolite identification is still a major challenge with significant bottleneck in translating metabolomics data into biological context. In the current study, a liquid chromatography (LC)-HRMS metabolomics method was developed using an all ion fragmentation (AIF) acquisition approach. To increase the specificity in metabolite annotation, four criteria were considered: (i) accurate mass (AM), (ii) retention time (RT), (iii) MS/MS spectrum, and (iv) product/precursor ion intensity ratios. We constructed an in-house mass spectral library of 408 metabolites containing AMRT and MS/MS spectra information at four collision energies. The percent relative standard deviations between ion ratios of a metabolite in an analytical standard vs sample matrix were used as an additional metric for establishing metabolite identity. A data processing method for targeted metabolite screening was then created, merging m/z, RT, MS/MS, and ion ratio information for each of the 413 metabolites. In the data processing method, the precursor ion and product ion were considered as the quantifier and qualifier ion, respectively. We also included a scheme to distinguish coeluting isobaric compounds by selecting a specific product ion as the quantifier ion instead of the precursor ion. An advantage of the current AIF approach is the concurrent collection of full scan data, enabling identification of metabolites not included in the database. Our data acquisition strategy enables a simultaneous mixture of database-dependent targeted and nontargeted metabolomics in combination with improved accuracy in metabolite identification, increasing the quality of the biological information acquired in a metabolomics experiment.
The Use of Motivational Interviewing by Healthcare Providers to Improve Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multi-factorial disease which requires significant patient self-management in order to maintain glycemic control. Patients with T2DM must be vigilant in maintaining a good diet and consistent exercise while also monitoring blood glucose levels. Many patients are ambivalent about making these necessary lifestyle changes. Motivational interviewing (MI) is a patient centered counseling technique which focuses on allowing patients to explore ambivalence to lifestyle changes.This review examines the efficacy of training healthcare providers in motivational interviewing in an effort to improve clinical outcomes of Hemoglobin A1c, BMI, blood pressure and total cholesterol.\nMethod: An exhaustive search of available medical literature was conducted using Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science and EBMR Multifile to identify studies that incorporated MI training of healthcare providers to effect lifestyle changes in patients with T2DM and thus decrease hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) blood pressure, body mass index (BMI) and total cholesterol. The logistics of MI training and its ability to be incorporated into usual care were also examined. Two studies met the inclusion criteria and one additional study was used for discussion purposes.\nResults: The two RCTs reviewed showed there was no enduring improvement in HbA1c, blood pressure, BMI or total cholesterol when comparing motivational interviewing was added to usual care.\nConclusion: Although health care providers could successfully demonstrate the tenets of MI, motivational interviewing showed lackluster results in improving clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. Any improvements in glycemic control are short lived. Training in MI and applying its tenets in practice is time consuming and requires a significant commitment on the part of healthcare providers.
Hysteria, Dissociation, Conversion, and Somatization

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This chapter aims to describe the psychopathology of the phenomena of hysteria, dissociation, conversion, and somatization across psychiatric nosologies. The extent of this field of research includes a vast range of experiences and mechanisms, and several phenomenological, epistemological, and ethical qualms have made this field difficult to comprehensively synthesize every aspect of these phenomena. The reader finds here a review of major contributions from seminal inputs, historical waves of research which ultimately led to the current use of these words. It further considers clinical and theoretical pitfalls which damaged the use of these symbols and demoted research to other clinical areas of psychiatry. Also, and by addressing the contributions from phenomenological psychopathology, it provides further clarification of their possible use in clinical practice and research—a necessary first step.
Effect of Intramuscular Administration of Dexamethasone on the Duration of Labor Induction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: induction of labor is a common obstetric procedure which is performed for a variety of medical and non-medical indications.If the cervix is unfavourable, prior ripening of the cervix makes induction of labor easier and more succeful.There are different methods for ripening of the cervix and making it ready for induction.These methods included medical methods such as the administration of prostaglandins, and mechanical methods such as extra amniotic saline infusion, traction on the cervix with Foley catheter and laminaria.Aim of the Work: the aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of intramuscular dexamethazone injection prior to induction in improving progression and duration of labour phases.Patients and Methods: this study started with 100 Nulliparous Pregnant women who were conducted at the labor wards of Ain Shams Maternity Hospital.The studied subjects were randomized into two groups: Dexamethasone group: This group included 50 Nulliparous women (N=50), called A group.Control group: This group included 50 Nulliparous woman (N=50), called B group.Results: in this study the duration of active and second stages was decreased without change on mode of delivery.The study no significant statistical differences between the two studied groups as regards fetal heart rate.The duration of second stage in dexamethasone group was shorter than in the control group.Dexamethasone intramuscularly prior to induction significantly shortens duration of normal labor in normal parturants with minimal complications.Conclusion: an intramuscular injection of dexamethasone before labor induction is found to shorten the duration of labor induction by decreasing the interval between the initiation of induction and the beginning of the active phase, duration of active phase and duration of second stage of labor with no observed maternal or neonatal complications.
Satisfaction Assessment Tool for Obstetrics Triage(SATOT): Development and Psychometric Properties

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background: Obstetrics triage is one of the major concerns of hospitals and health care providers. Satisfaction with the services received is a consequence and an important indicator in the assessment of service quality. However, service providers should frequently assess client satisfaction and use high reliability and validation tools to meet clients' needs. Thus, the aim of this study was designing and psychometric Satisfaction Assessment Tool for Obstetrics Triage.Methods: The current study is methodological research and was conducted by the exploratory sequential mixed method in two qualitative and qualitative stages. The first stage using a content analysis approach for describing the concept of satisfaction and then the initial items were extracted and the questionnaire was designed. In the second stage, the designed questionnaire was conducted on 200 subjects referring to obstetrics triage in terms of face validity, content validity, and construct validity by exploratory factor analysis. Reliability was calculated with internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and stability with ICC. Results: Ten items were extracted from the content analysis. Ten items were evaluated to face and content validity and no items were deleted. In the construct validity, one item was eliminated and nine items were extracted in two factors of structure and process satisfaction that explained 63.40% of the total variance. The numerical CVR of all items was above 0.49 and the I-CVI Modified Content Validity Index (K *) of all items ranged from 0.86 to one, and the S-CVI score was 0.97. The intra-cluster correlation coefficient was 0.884 and Cronbach's alpha was 0.793. Conclusion: The SATOT is a valid and reliable questionnaire for the assessment of the satisfaction of clients with obstetrics triage. The questionnaire consists of nine items with two dimensions (process and structure satisfaction) of five-point Likert scoring is a simple and easy-to-use tool. This questionnaire may help health providers and policymakers identify problems and challenges in triage that led to dissatisfaction and inappropriate outcomes and take appropriate action as appropriate.
Swiss Investment Solution

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

After acquiring a stake: asset manager SIS plans to go public New heavyweights are emerging in the world of asset managers. After acquiring a stake in a major industry player with more than 37 billion euros in assets under management, the Swiss SIS has further plans for growth: taking a first step towards going public. View of Downtown Geneva: Home of Swiss Investment Solution Headquarter since 2008 A new player is emerging on the Asian market: Swiss Investment Solution, which is presently casting its line to catch one of the bigger fish in the Land of the Rising Sun. The Geneva-based asset manager, Swiss Investment Solution, has acquired a 12% stake in the Japanese asset manager Daiwa SB.
Effect of LPS on Toll-like receptor4 expression in mammary glands of mice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Forty ICR female mice were divided into experimental group and control group after conception.On days 10 to 11 of lactation,mice were infused with either LPS solution or saline solution through papiliary duct.The tissue samples of mammary glands were taken at different hours,and the pathological changes of mammary gland were analyzed by histological methodology.TLR4 and TNF-α mRNA expression were analyzed by RT-PCR.The result showed that infiltrating inflammatory cells in the mammary glands increased at 1.5 h after intramammary infusion of LPS.The mammary by large number of inflammatory cells were infiltrated in glands and normal alveolar architecture was lost at 6 h,12 h after injection.The expression of TLR4 mRNA at 6 h after intramammary infusion was significantly higher than that of control(P0.01).TNF-α mRNA expression in experimental group was also significantly higher than that of control(P0.01).The results indicated that LPS could enhance the expression of TLR4 and TNF-α mRNA levels.
Christopher Marlowe: Merlin's Prophet

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Mrs Weil challenges two widely accepted views of Marlowe. He is not the poet and dramatist of heroic energy, 'daring God out of heaven' with his outrageous heroes. Nor is he a dogmatic moralist. Instead, he belongs to Merlin's race, as his contemporary Robert Greene suggested. An ironic writer of riddling plays, he does not endorse his characters, but cunningly manipulates our responses to them. Like Erasmus or Rabelais, he uses the knowledge of his audience in a variety of surprising ways. This approach is carefully argued for each play. The reader – perhaps initially sceptical – will find himself confronted with many features of the drama and the poetry not adequately accounted for in the conventional views, but persuasively explained here. The book may well permanently modify our attitudes toward Marlowe
Innovation, Productivity Dispersion, and Productivity Growth

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We examine whether underlying industry innovation dynamics are an important driver of the large dispersion in productivity across firms within narrowly defined sectors.Our hypothesis is that periods of rapid innovation are accompanied by high rates of entry, significant experimentation and, in turn, a high degree of productivity dispersion.Following this experimentation phase, successful innovators and adopters grow while unsuccessful innovators contract and exit yielding productivity growth.We examine the dynamic relationship between entry, productivity dispersion, and productivity growth using a new comprehensive firm-level dataset for the U.S. We find a surge of entry within an industry yields with a lag an increase in productivity dispersion and then after a subsequent lag an increase in productivity growth.These patterns are more pronounced for the High Tech sector where we expect there to be more innovative activities.These patterns change over time suggesting other forces are at work during the post-2000 slowdown in aggregate productivity.
Mathematical Sculpture Classification

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The introduction of mathematical sculpture in advanced education needs a taxonomy to classify all the different types of sculpture. From our point of view, this classification has never been arranged deeply. This paper is a first attempt to that classification. We expect to receive suggestions from the Art and Mathematics community in order to start a work that we will take away during the next two years.and whose first step is given with this paper. As a preliminary starting point we have suggested the following nine categories for mathematical . sculpture: I. Polyhedral and classic geometry, II. Non-oriented surfaces, lli. Topological knots, IV. Quadrics and ruled surfaces, V. Symmetric and modular structures, VI. Boolean operations, VII. Minimal surfaces, Vlli. Transformations IX. Others. 1. What is mathematical sculpture? It is surprising that after so many Art & Math, ISAMA and Bridges Conferences, only a reduced number of participants has previously discussed a classification for mathematical sculpture and, as far as we know, never this task has been made with enough accuracy so as be taken as a guide for educators or people deeply interested on the topic. From our point of view, the introduction of mathematical sculpture in schools or universities requires a classification to frame the sculptures in different categories according to the mathematical concepts that they represent. Without that classification, mathematical sculpture can only be introduced in the classroom as a mere slideshow session that, although can be interesting, is not appropriate to teach this topic into high-level courses. It is not an eaSy. task to establish a set of categories for mathematical sculpture. In fact the first question we should make is: what is mathematical sculpture? The answer is simple: the sculpture that uses mathematics for its conception, development or execution, understanding mathematics in its wider sense, from the simplest geometry to the most sophisticated calculus theorems. But even with a simple definition like this, its application in not as easy. There is.no problem when we consider sculptures showing explicit mathematics, but there is also implicit mathematical sculpture that does not strictly shows mathematic elements, but uses mathematical ideas, for example Arthur Silverman's tetrahedral sculptures. Even understanding that this implicit sculpture needs to be considered for classification, it is difficult to trace a frontier between what is going to be to accepted, or not, as mathematical sculpture. 2. A proposal for a mathematical sculpture classification There are several ways to design a mathematical sculpture classification. One interesting way is to defme categories according to the construction materials. For instance, carved wood and stone sculpture usually