jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and associated risk factors for childhood strabismus in Lhasa, Tibet, China: a cross-sectional, school-based study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: To estimate the prevalence of strabismus and associated risk factors among grade one school children in Lhasa, Tibet, China. Methods: The Lhasa Childhood Eye Study (LCES) was a cross-sectional, school-based childhood study conducted in Grade one students from primary schools in Lhasa, Tibet, China. Comprehensive ophthalmic examinations and basic systemic examinations were evaluated. A questionnaire survey containing information about children, as well as parents’ information, was sent to the corresponding parents of eligible children. The prevalence of strabismus and its 95% confidence interval was estimated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associated risk factors. Results: A total of 1942 eligible grade one students were enrolled, of which 1856 participants completed all examinations. The average age was 6.83±0.46 years, 53% of participants were boys and 1762 were the Tibetan Minority. Over all, the prevalence of strabismus was 68/1856 (3.7%) (95%CI: 2.81,4.52), with no difference between the ages, genders, ethnicities and body mass index, while tilting one's head when writing may be a risk factor for strabismus ( P =0.004). Strabismus students had mean best corrected visual acuity of 0.16±0.28(LogMAR), over 50% patients with esotropia were hyperopic, and participants who had stereopsis impairments showed a significant difference between esotropia and exotropia ( P= 0.026). Conclusions: The prevalence of strabismus in LCES was 3.7%, which is higher than previous reports from Chinese childhood epidemiology studies. Strabismus is a common contributing factor to amblyopia. Tilting one's head when writing may be a risk factor. Esotropia is more likely to affect stereopsis and be associated with the refractive state of hyperopia. Trial registration: The study has finished the clinical registration on Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. (http://www.chictr.org.cn , ChiCTR1900026693).
Application of GA-BP in Displacement Force Inverse Analysis and Mechanical Parameter Inversion of Deep Foundation Pits

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Aiming at the defects of various existing displacement inverse analysis methods, using the nonlinear mapping ability of neural network and the global random search ability of genetic algorithm, this paper proposes a displacement inverse analysis method based on optimized Genetic Algorithm- Back Propagation (GA-BP) for deep foundation pit support. The method changes the method that BP algorithm relies on the guidance of gradient information to adjust the network weights, but uses the characteristics of global search of genetic algorithm to find the most suitable network connection rights and network structure, etc. to achieve the purpose of optimization. Firstly, the deformation mechanism of deep foundation pit is analyzed, its failure mode is summarized, and the calculation method of lateral rock and soil pressure is sorted out according to the code. The theory and characteristics of BP neural network and genetic algorithm are discussed, and the method of using genetic algorithm to optimize BP neural network is proposed to improve the prediction accuracy. In view of the shortcomings of GA-BP neural network prediction model in training sample pretreatment and hidden layer structure design, the optimal normalization interval was determined by correlation coefficient regression analysis, and the analytical expression of the number of neurons in hidden layer was derived by statistical principle, and the value range of the optimal number of neurons in single hidden layer was proposed. Combined with the actual engineering, the mechanical parameters inversion and displacement force inverse analysis are performed using this method, and the results show that the optimized GA-BP has higher prediction accuracy compared with BP neural network and GA-BP, and the deviation of the displacement prediction value at each depth is kept within 0.2 mm, the absolute error interval width is 0.07 mm, and the maximum relative error is 1.35% at 4.0 m depth.
Changes in the proteome of the cadmium-tolerant bacteria Cupriavidus taiwanensis KKU2500-3 in response to cadmium toxicity

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Cupriavidus taiwanensis KKU2500-3 is a cadmium (Cd)-tolerant bacterial strain that was previously isolated from rice fields contaminated with high levels of Cd. In 500 μmol/L CdCl 2 , the KKU2500-3 strain grew slower and with a more prolonged lag-phase than when grown in the absence of Cd. A proteomic approach was used to characterize the protein expression in the Cd-tolerant bacteria C. taiwanensis KKU2500-3 during growth under Cd stress. When compared with the untreated cells, a total of 982 differentially expressed protein spots were observed in the CdCl 2 -treated cells, and 59 and 10 spots exhibited >2- and >4-fold changes, respectively. The level of up- and downregulation varied from 2.01- to 11.26-fold and from 2.01- to 5.34-fold, respectively. Of the 33 differentially expressed protein spots analyzed by MALDI TOF MS/MS, 19 spots were successfully identified, many of which were involved in stress responses. The most highly upregulated protein (+7.95-fold) identified was the chaperone GroEL, which indicated that this factor likely contributed to the bacterial survival and growth in response to Cd toxicity. Detection of the downregulated protein flagellin (–3.52-fold) was consistent with the less effective ATP-mediated and flagella-driven motility. The flagella-losing cells were also observed in the Cd-treated bacteria when analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Thus, the Cd-stressed cells may downregulate pathways involving ATP utilization in favor of other mechanisms in response to Cd toxicity. When the KKU2500-3 strain was grown in the presence of Cd, H 2 S was not detected, suggesting a possible role of the sulfur in precipitation with Cd. Apart from a general response, no specific process could be determined using the present proteomic approach. However, the potential role of protein folding-mediated GroEL, flagella-mediated motility and CdS biotransformation in Cd toxicity response observed in this study as well as the extent of Cd-tolerant mechanisms using other methods could facilitate the future application of this strain in addressing Cd environmental contamination.
SANDUR ANTARA TONTONAN DAN TUNTUNAN

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research tries to express analytically a phenomenon of transformation era with it’s influence and result. The influence relates to value. This new value of selenium can change life of social in structure, and also arranges implementation of public. Artistry of public as stripper public culture product, more or less experiencing friction of either in function and also its existence. This research using sociological theatre tries to analyzes the product existence with modern culture product. Modern idea that producing practical patterned thinking, individualist as a result of system value which transform. The friction is aspect function of from solidarity and emancipation of supporter public to different value. Artistry existence of public as social institute sub hardly determines continuous tradition of the past. Ledok Kulon as a outskirts of course also has arranging value. Influence of television as a product of transformation era of course also brings as result of other in arranging value. Existence of Sandur as public culture product has meaning in transformation era with its globalization. Economic and other social element science of course related to causality generated. Presence of public theatre of Sandur in the middle of public is being experiences friction of the value, be a real interesting study to be expressed. Artistry of public that is full value expressed through phonetic symbol in artistry, returns to emerging and deflecting stays in change to arrange value. Existence of Sandur public theatre is reasoning of importance of value in this transformation era, of course television becomes side effect as media and also as influence to value. Importance function and collective life of public becomes reasoning of this art, in form and also philosophy.
No Correlation between Neuroleptic-induced Increase of β-Endorphin Serum Level and Therapeutic Efficacy in Schizophrenia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary In 23 acute, unmedicated, schizophrenic patients, psychotic behaviour and β-endorphin serum level were measured before and during four weeks of neuroleptic therapy. Prior to drug treatment, β-endorphin level of all patients was within the normal range. Neuroleptic therapy induced marked elevations of β-endorphin in eight subjects; statistical analysis revealed a slight but significant increase for the whole group. This endocrine effect was not correlated with therapeutic efficacy of neuroleptic treatment.
Randomized Exploration in Generalized Linear Bandits

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We study two randomized algorithms for generalized linear bandits. The first, GLM-TSL, samples a generalized linear model (GLM) from the Laplace approximation to the posterior distribution. The second, GLM-FPL, fits a GLM to a randomly perturbed history of past rewards. We analyze both algorithms and derive $\tilde{O}(d \sqrt{n \log K})$ upper bounds on their $n$-round regret, where $d$ is the number of features and $K$ is the number of arms. The former improves on prior work while the latter is the first for Gaussian noise perturbations in non-linear models. We empirically evaluate both GLM-TSL and GLM-FPL in logistic bandits, and apply GLM-FPL to neural network bandits. Our work showcases the role of randomization, beyond posterior sampling, in exploration.
Clifton's Cafeteria torn down (6th and Olive Street), 1960

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

4 images. Clifton's Cafeteria torn down (6th and Olive Street), 9 June 1960. (Financial).; Caption slip reads: "Photographer: Monteverde. Date: 1960-06-09. 25-26-31-32: Clifton's Cafeteria at 6th and Olive Street. To be torn down. Print to Talafero Financial Department".
Transportation barriers to health care: assessing the Texas Medicaid program

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Transportation is frequently cited as a barrier to health care, but rarely have\nresearchers analyzed the problems in depth. The purpose of this study was to assess the role\ntransportation plays in the utilization of preventive health care services among Medicaid\nrecipients ages 0 - 20 in Texas. This preventive care is known as Early Periodic Screening\nand Diagnostic Testing (EPSDT), a comprehensive prevention and treatment program for\nMedicaid eligible children.\nOur computer assisted telephone interviewing based survey was administered to\nMedicaid recipients selected from a representative sample through a stratified sampling\nscheme. Binary logistic regression models were used to assess and predict factors associated\nwith utilization of the Texas Medicaid Transportation Program (MTP) and utilization of\nEPSDT. We also used k-means cluster analysis to identify subgroups of Medicaid clients with\nparticularly acute transportation barriers.\nOf the 1,214 Medicaid recipients interviewed, the overall odds of a Medicaid recipient\nbeing a MTP non-user was 0.94. For clients with automobile access, the probability increases\nto 0.98. Clients who experienced difficulties paying for gasoline decreased the overall odds to 0.86. When examining utilization of EPSDT, the overall probability of being a low utilizer was\n0.59. Two factors, Spanish-speaking patients (0.21) and clients with more than one child at\nhome (0.54) decreased the overall odds of being a low utilizer, while those with difficulty\npaying for gasoline increased the odds of being a low utilizer to 0.63.\nIncreasing EPSDT utilization among the millions of Texas Medicaid recipients is an\nimportant policy objective. Because the Texas Medicaid population is large and diverse, no\nsingle approach to increasing utilization is likely to address all needs. The group concept\nprovides a means to understand which Medicaid recipients do not access MTP services and\nthose with low utilization rates. These groupings can be useful in targeting Medicaid clients\nwith specific transportation difficulties. Instead of broad informational campaigns, policy\nmakers should devise targeted strategies to promote the most appropriate types of assistance.\nIn addition to expanding transportation options, policy makers should also examine the\nlocations in which care is delivered, considering telemedicine, mobile health and school-based\nhealth clinics as options.
Elucidation of the Nature of the Murine Oncogenic Virus Inhibitor Isolated from JLS-V5 Cell Line

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

An inhibitor (STAS) prepared from the supernatant of JLS-V5 cells blocked the replication of MLV in vitro when added to MEF cultures as late as 48 hr after but not prior to infection with MLV. Potent antiviral activity against MLV was also observed with inhibitor prepared from JLS—V9 tissue culture supernatant fluid, fetal calf serum (FCS), normal Balb/c mouse plasma, MEM + 10% FCS, saline, or silicotungstic acid (STA). Inhibitor prepared from JLS-V5 supernatant fluid, but substituting ZnSO4 PCA, TCA, ethanol, or ammonium sulfate precipitants instead of STA, showed little or no activity against MLV in vitro. No viracidal activity was obtained when MLV was exposed directly to JLS-V5 STAS. These studies suggest that the active ingredient in JLS-V5 STAS may be silicotungstic acid.
Library and Information System in Andhra Pradesh: An Overview

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The State of Andhra Pradesh had a long history of library system prior to Indian independence when it was part of Madras Presidency. Over the time significant changes occurred in the library and information system. The present study is an attempt to overview the growth and functioning of academic, public and special library and information systems in the State of Andhra Pradesh. The study has been taken up with six parameters–budget, professional staff, collection, automation, ICT infrastructure and services. The analysis is based on data gathered through questionnaire, phone calls and information available on institutions’ website. The findings indicate lopsided functioning of all types of libraries.
Industry Compliance Costs: What Would They Look Like in a Risk-Based Integrated Food System?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Current policies designed to improve food safety rely on regulation and market incentives. However, the mix of both private and public incentives to improve food safety and the dynamics of industry response to regulation make analysis of the costs of food safety complex. The paper provides an overview of costs of food safety regulation and control in recent literature for both pesticide and microbial controls and draws lessons for identifying cost-effective food safety approaches. Four lessons emerge concerning industry compliance costs. First, the distribution of costs is likely to be more important than market price effects. Second, regulation has an impact on long-run incentives to invest in new technologies or inputs and therefore may bias the nature of productivity growth. Third, an analysis of costs informs the choice among regulatory alternatives; allowing market adjustments to mitigate costs and improving upon existing market incentives is likely to be the most effective ways to reach public health goals. And fourth, a risk-based systems approach can be the best way to understand the costs, incentives, and risk outcomes resulting from alternative interventions. However this approach is made difficult by patchwork regulatory authority across the food chain and lack of data required for risk assessment.
Optimal operation strategy for distribution network with high penetration of dispersed wind power

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

As a significant approach to local utilization of clean renewable energy, the dispersed wind power (DWP) is becoming more and more widespread in engineering applications. With the fluctuating wind power widely and dispersedly integrated into distribution networks, it is urgent and pressing to effectively enhance the penetration rate of wind power based on the safe operation of distribution networks. This paper takes full advantage of the power regulation ability of wind turbines to actively participate in the operation of distribution networks, and then an optimal operation model of distribution networks is established with the optimization objectives of high penetration of DWP and maximum correntropy of node voltage. Aiming at the characteristics of the proposed model, the multi-objective brain storm optimization algorithm is adopted to solve the model to achieve the Pareto solution set, and the fuzzy membership function is used to determine the optimal operation scheme from the solution set. The simulation results on the expanded IEEE 33 bus system indicate the rationality of the proposed optimal operation strategy for distribution networks with high penetration of DWP. Meanwhile, the feasibility of the optimal operation scheme is verified through the case of a practical demonstration project.
MAPK Survival Signaling in Melanoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Extracellular signals activate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades potentiating biological activities such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Constitutive activation of MAPK signaling pathways is implicated in the development and progression of many human cancers, including melanoma. Mutually exclusive activating mutations in NRAS or BRAF are found in ∼85% of all melanomas resulting in constitutive activation of the MAPK pathway (RAS-BRAF-MEK-ERK-RSK). We have previously demonstrated that inhibition of this pathway with small molecule MEK inhibitors selectively induces apoptosis in human melanoma cells both in vitro and in vivo, but not in normal melanocytes. These results support the notion that the MAPK pathway represents a tumor-specific survival signaling pathway in melanoma, and that targeting members of this pathway may be an effective therapeutic intervention strategy for treating melanoma. Understanding the mechanisms by which constitutive MAPK activation promotes survival and defining the minimal vital MAPK pathway components required for the development and progression of melanoma may have direct translational implications. The overall objective of this Doctoral Thesis was to define the molecular mechanism(s) by which the MAPK pathway mediates melanoma-specific survival signals. In doing so, several new promising therapeutic targets (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1) have emerged and a novel small molecule inhibitor (TW37) of these has been developed. Combined targeting of MAPK and these Bcl-2 pro-survival members was synergetic in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, the ability of RAS, BRAF and RSK to transform normal mouse melanocytes was evaluated revealing that NRAS and BRAF are very efficient while RSK required secondary genetic events for progression. Upon investigation, high level intrachromosomal gene amplification of Met, a growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase implicated in melanoma progression. MET expression is rarely detected in primary human melanoma, but is frequently observed in advanced metastatic disease and therefore may be an additional attractive therapeutic target to prevent disease progression.
Effects of amiprophosmethyl on massive and limited calcium loading of maize mitochondria

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In maize mitochondria the effect of the herbicide amiprophosmethyl was studied on massive and limited Ca2+-loading and on mitochondrial energy transduction. Under massive Ca2+-loading conditions amiprophosmethyl inhibited the Ca2+ transport system directly without a significant effect on the respiratory chain, the membrane potential or Ca2+ efflux. Under limited Ca2+-loading conditions an increased Ca2+ efflux was noted, which could be partially responsible for the inhibition of the net Ca2+ accumulation.
Detection of Micro-scratch Found on Surface of Steel Filament Using Eddy Current Sensor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an approach for the detection and analysis of micro-scratch detected on the surface of steel cord (steel filament) using eddy current sensor (ECS).This work aims to point out and eliminate the defective products and containing surface defect in wet drawing process.In other words, a quality gate was established to prevent sending defective goods to customer.During wet drawing process, steel filaments were manufactured by drawing process through multi-dies system ranging from bigger diameter called brassed wire to smaller diameter called filament.An eddy current sensor was used to generate a high-frequency magnetic field around the sensor coil where the filament went through at the output end.The test coil was centered inline of wire path and connected to pre-amplifier then send the signal to instrument which was used to set working conditions for the experiment.If a defect appears when filament passes through the test coil, the eddy current will appear and sensor will send the signal to stop the wet drawing process.The artificial defect was created on a sample and the amplitude of those defects were measured to set the threshold.The amplitude signal of artificial defect was about 10% corresponding to specification of crack's depth of 20 micrometers.The production was carried out with applied setting condition under inspection of eddy current sensor.we produced 182 products x 38,000m, the defective ratio was 26.37%.There were two typical types of defect: the longitudinal scratches and the hole defect which containing an additional particle.In future works, the surface scratches will be collected, and then analyzed two positions including inside and outside of defect area in order to identify the atomic ingredients to identify the origin of the defects.
Growth acceleration of plants and mushroom by erythritol

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effects of erythritol, a safe and nontoxic sweetener, on organisms other than mammals have not been clarified. We investigated the effects of erythritol on plants and microorganisms. The supplementation of erythritol to white radish (Raphanus sativus L.), garlic (Allium sativum), and arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) enhanced the growth of their seedlings and roots, and shortened germination time. The supplementation of erythritol to a mushroom (Lentinula edodes) markedly enhanced the development of fruiting bodies. These results would suggest that erythritol has the attractive potential as a safe and useful growth accelerator for plants and microorganisms.
Photoelectron Microscopy And Quantum Yields Of Membrane Phospholipids.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Contrast in photoelectron microscopy (PEM) depends on differences in the absolute photoelectron quantum yield defined as the number of electrons released divided by the number of incident photons. Recently, the photoelectron quantum yields of the amino acids and homopolymers were measured (1). These data define the range of quantum yields expected from membrane proteins. The other major membrane component is lipid and we report here the photoelectron quantum yields of the common phospholipids. Synthetic L-α-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), L-α-dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE), L-α-dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine (DPPS), dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG), and bovine heart diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG, or cardiolipin) were obtained commercially. DPPS, DPPC and DPPG were estimated to be at least 90% free of organic impurities by TLC analysis and DPPE and DPG migrated as single spots. Commercial, 99+% pure cholesterol was recrystallized from a chloroform:methanol (2:1 v/v) solution.