jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen source and biomass removal effects on the performance of biotrickling filters packed with modified organisms suspended filler or volcanic rock during toluene removal

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND Two identical biotrickling filters, BTF1 and BTF2 , were loaded with modified organisms, suspended filler and volcanic rock. The start‐up times of both biotrickling filters were compared, and their performances were evaluated in terms of removal efficiency and elimination capacity. The parameters influencing the removal performance, such as the nitrogen source and biomass removal, were investigated. RESULTS The results illustrated that both BTFs can start rapidly. In the case of BTF1 , the removal efficiency was maintained at values greater than 80% when the gas flow rates ranged from 300 L h −1 to 500 L h −1 . A change in the nitrogen source from nitrate to ammonium salt didn't markedly improve BTF1 performance, however, BTF2 removal efficiency increased from 66% to 90%. Both BTFs rapidly achieved their previous performance when the biomass was removed, and high removal efficiency greater than 90% was achieved with a variable inlet toluene concentration ranging from 0.6 gm −3 to 1.1 gm −3 after the biomass was removed from BTF2 . Maximum elimination capacities of 135.5 g m −3 h −1 and 157.8 g m −3 h −1 were achieved with BTF1 and BTF2 , respectively. An uneven biomass distribution and, compared with BTF2 , a lower quantity and variety of microorganisms were observed with BTF1 . CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that when volcanic rock was used as packing material in BTFs , they exhibited higher removal efficiency and stability. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
DRUG REACTIONS XV.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Journal Article DRUG REACTIONS XV: Methotrexate, Psoriasis and the Liver Get access John Almeyda, John Almeyda The London Hospital, London, E.1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar David Barnardo, David Barnardo The London Hospital, London, E.1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Harvey Baker Harvey Baker The London Hospital, London, E.1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 85, Issue 3, 1 September 1971, Pages 302–305, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1971.tb07237.x Published: 01 September 1971
Ectopic lymphoid structures in the aged lacrimal glands

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Aging is a complex biological process in which many organs are pathologically affected. We previously reported that aged C57BL/6J had increased lacrimal gland (LG) lymphoid infiltrates that suggest ectopic lymphoid structures. However, these ectopic lymphoid structures have not been fully investigated. Using C57BL/6J mice of different ages, we analyzed the transcriptome of aged murine LGs and characterized the B and T cell populations. Age-related changes in the LG include increased differentially expressed genes associated with B and T cell activation, germinal center formation, and infiltration by marginal zone-like B cells. We also identified an age-related increase in B1+ cells and CD19+B220+ cells. B220+CD19+ cells were GL7+ (germinal center-like) and marginal zone-like and progressively increased with age. There was an upregulation of transcripts related to T follicular helper cells, and the number of these cells also increased as mice aged. Compared to a mouse model of Sjögren syndrome, aged LGs have similar transcriptome responses but also unique ones. And lastly, the ectopic lymphoid structures in aged LGs are not exclusive to a specific mouse background as aged diverse outbred mice also have immune infiltration. Altogether, this study identifies a profound change in the immune landscape of aged LGs where B cells become predominant. Further studies are necessary to investigate the specific function of these B cells during the aged LGs.
Correlation of TFPI-2 gene expression with invasion, metastasis, and prognosis of supraglottic carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To investigate the relationship between TFPI-2 gene expression and the invasion, metastasis, and prognosis of supraglottic carcinoma. Methods: Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical methods were used to examine the expression of TFPI-2 in supraglottic carcinoma, and the relationship between TFPI-2 expression and the clinicopathological features of supraglottic carcinoma were analyzed. Results: Positive ratio of TFPI-2 expression was significantly increased at protein and mRNA levels in supraglottic carcinoma tissues (P0.05). TFPI-2 mRNA and protein expression were decreased with the increase in the invasive depth of supraglottic carcinoma (P0.05). TFPI-2 mRNA and protein expression were significantly lower in supraglottic carcinoma tissues with nodal metastasis and at Ⅲ-Ⅳ clinical stage than those without nodal metastasis and at Ⅰ-Ⅱ clinical stage (P0.05). The staining intensity of TFPI-2 protein was also decreased with increase in invasive depth and nodal metastasis (P0.05). The supraglottic carcinoma patients with negative TFPI-2 protein expression had poor prognosis than those with positive TFPI-2 expression. Conclusion: The downregulation of TFPI-2 has a close relationship with invasion and metastasis of supraglottic carcinoma, and it may serve as a helpful marker in evaluating the metastasis and prognosis of supraglottic carcinoma.
The extension problem for fractional powers of higher order of some evolutive operators

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This thesis studies the extension problem for higher-order fractional powers of the heat operator $H=Δ-\partial_t$ in $\mathbb{R}^{n+1}$. Specifically, given $s>0$ and indicating with $[s]$ its integral part, we study the following degenerate partial differential equation in the thick space $\mathbb{R}^{n+1}\times \mathbb{R}_y^+$, \begin{equation} \label{a:1} \mathscr{H}^{[s]+1}U= \left( \partial_{yy} +\frac{a}{y}\partial_y +H \right)^{[s]+1}U=0. \quad \quad (1) \end{equation} The connection between the Bessel parameter $a$ in (1) and the fractional parameter $s>0$ is given by the equation \begin{equation*} a= 1-2(s-[s]). \end{equation*} When $s\in(0,1)$ this equation reduces to the well-known relation $a=1-2s$, and in such case (1) becomes the famous Caffarelli-Silvestre extension problem. Generalising their result, in this thesis we show that the nonlocal operator $(-H)^{\,s}$ can be realised as the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map associated with the solution $U$ of the extension equation (1). In this thesis we systematically exploit the evolutive semigroup $\{P_τ^H \}_{τ>0}$, associated with the Cauchy problem \begin{equation*} \begin{cases} \partial_τu-Hu=0 u((x,t),0)=f(x,t). \end{cases} \end{equation*} This approach provides a powerful tool in analysis, and it has the twofold advantage of allowing an independent treatment of several complex calculations involving the Fourier transform, while at same time extending to frameworks where the Fourier transform is not available.
Research on SOC estimation of residual power of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles based on extended Kalman filtering algorithm

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract As the energy carrier of electric vehicles, how to accurately estimate the remaining power (SOC) of the battery is one of the key technologies in the field of electric vehicle design. Effective estimation of SOC can bring accurate continuous mileage information to the driver, theoretically avoid overcharging and discharging the battery, and also protect the driver's driving safety. In the research of SOC estimation method, constructing a suitable battery model is an important means to improve SOC estimation and to improve the prediction accuracy. In order to obtain a higher response accuracy of the model, this paper proposes an electric vehicle SOC model based on the extended Kalman filter algorithm. Based on the actual data of lithium-ion power battery, SOC estimation research is carried out. The research shows that: when the internal temperature of the battery is the same as the ambient temperature, and both are 25 °C, the model is accurate, the terminal voltage difference is small, and the average voltage difference is 9mV respectively; at room temperature, the extended Kalman filter algorithm has a significant effect on the recovery percentage of SOC voltage. The average is over 73%, and the accuracy is high. The extended Kalman algorithm in this paper we use to estimate the SOC current waveform. The simulation results show that the SOC discharge current is 4A, which has high estimation accuracy and strong applicability.
Existence conditions for symmetric strong vector quasi-equilibrium problems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In the following paper, the symmetric strong vector quasi-equilibrium problems will be studied thoroughly. Afterward, the existence conditions of solution sets for these problems has been established. The results which are presented in this paper improve and extend the main results mentioned in the literature. Our results can be illustrated by some interesting examples. In 1994, Noor and Oettli introduced the following the symmetric scalar quasi-equilibrium problem. This problem is one of the generalization of the symmetric scalar quasi-equilibrium problem which is presented by Noor and Oettli. Since then, the symmetric vector quasi-equilibrium problem has been investigated by a huge number of authors in different ways. The research works mentioned above are one of our motivation to improve and extend the problem. So, in this paper, we will introduce the vector quasi-equilibrium problems. Afterward, some existence conditions of solution sets for these problems will be established. The symmetric vector quasi-equilibrium problems consist of many optimization - related models namely symmetric vector quasi-variational inequality problems, fixed point problems, coincidence-point problems and complementarity problems, etc. In recent years, a lot of results for existence of solutions for symmetric vector quasi-equilibrium problems, vector quasi-equilibrium problems, vector quasivariational inequality problems and optimization problems have been established by many authors in different ways. We will present our work in the following steps. In the first section of our paper, we will introduce the model of symmetric vector quasi-equilibrium problems. In the following section, we recall definitions, lemmas which can be used for the main results. In the last section, we will establish some conditions for existence and closedness of the solutions set by applying fixed-point theorem for symmetric vector quasi-equilibrium problems. The results presented in this paper improve and extend the main results in the literature. Some examples are given to illustrate our results. Hence our results, Theorem 3.1 and Theorem 3.6 have significant improvements.
Metabolism of Ethanol and Fructosein the Perfused Rat Liver

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Ethanol utilization by the isolated perfused rat liver was studied under various experimental conditions. 1. A linear decrease of the ethanol concentration in the perfusing medium was observed, indicating that ethanol utilization was independent of the ethanol concentration. 2. Inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase by pyrazol was paralleled by a decrease in ethanol utilization. 3. The uptake of fructose and its conversion to glucose were inhibited by ethanol. Ethanol utilization was diminished in the presence of fructose. 4. Increased ratios of lactate to pyruvate and a-glycerophosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate were found during ethanol oxidation. These changes are presumably due to the formation of NADH, although they were not prevented by an inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase with pyrazol.
TRITON SOLUBILIZED ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE OF BRAIN

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract —The total AChE of brain can be readily extracted into aqueous Triton X‐100. By column chromatography of these extracts a preparation was obtained at least six times as active as the original material and in yields of 60‐80 per cent of the original amounts. The molecular weight of this material was estimated to be over 200,000. When brain tissue was treated with venom or bacterial protease, a water‐soluble AChE was obtained with an overall purification of 150‐fold. The most active preparation of AChE hydrolysed 880 μ‐moles of acetylthiocholine/hr/mg of protein. The molecular weight of this preparation was estimated to be about 100,000. The enzyme which was extracted by Triton X‐100 is probably the precursor of the more water‐soluble enzyme that can be prepared from brain tissue by treatment with venom or protease.
New media: invective language transformation of global communication

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article is devoted to studying new media.In the article, methods and techniques of invective language transformation of global communication are considered.This article discusses verbal features of the invective language in the modern media discourse.In work, psychological and linguistic approaches to the analysis of an obscene vocabulary are described.Obscene lexicon is considered as the emotional grammar of the speech.Authors use the following research methods: general scientific conceptual modeling, descriptive (observation, interpretation and generalization) and comparative method, functional and semantic analysis, contextual analysis, elements of discourse and component analysis.It is established that obscene lexicon is used not only as means of speech aggression, but also as means of optimization of interpersonal interaction in situations of frictionless communication where it can express negative and positive emotions and estimates.
Toxic: A History of Nerve Agents, from Nazi Germany to Putin's Russia

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Nerve agents are the world's deadliest means of chemical warfare. Nazi Germany developed the first military-grade nerve agents and massive industry for their manufacture - yet, strangely, the Third Reich never used them. At the end of the Second World War, the Allies were stunned to discover this advanced and extensive program. The Soviets and Western powers embarked on a new arms race, amassing huge chemical arsenals. From their Nazi invention to the 2018 Novichok attack in Britain, Dan Kaszeta uncovers nerve agents' gradual spread across the world, despite international arms control efforts. They've been deployed in the Iran-Iraq War, by terrorists in Japan, in the Syrian civil War, and by assassins in Malaysia and Salisbury - always with bitter consequences.--jacket flap
Karakterisasi Buah dan Penentuan Saat Masak Fisiologi Benih Beberapa Genotipe Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Identification of fruit and seed characters when they reach physiological maturity is very important to get high qualiy chili seed. The purpose of the research was to study the fruit characters and to determine seed physiologycal maturity of six chili genotipes (Capsicum annuum L.) i.e. Anies 1, Anies 2, Seloka 1, Seloka 2, Seloka 3 and SSP. Characterization was assayed at 32, 35, 38, 41, 44 DAA. Chili seed was taken from two groups of branches, lower branches (2nd-5th branches) and upper branches (6-7th branches). The result revealed that seed physiological maturity was achieved at 38-44 DAA, that was indicated by changes of the fruit color from brown to red (Anies 1) and dark green to red on five others genotipe; maximum seed dry weight, seed viability and vigor. When the seed reached physiological maturity, SSP’s had the longest fruit but fruit diameter and weight, seed number and seed weight per fruit was the lowest. However, SSP seed rendement was the highest. Flowers of lower branches developed faster, their fruits size, seed dry weight, and seed number was significantly higher than the upper branches. Nevertheles the seed viability and vigor was not different between lower and upper branches.</p><p>Keywords: fruit color, seed dry weight, seed viability, seed vigor</p>
Structure and Variability of Internal Tides in Luzon Strait

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The Luzon Strait is the generation region for strong internal tides that radiate westward into the South China Sea and eastward into the western Pacific. Intrusions of the Kuroshio and strong mesoscale variability in the Luzon Strait can influence their generation and propagation. Here, the authors use eight moorings and two numerical models to investigate these relationships by quantifying the coherence of the diurnal and semidiurnal internal tides in the Luzon Strait. This study finds that the level of coherence of internal tide generation, energy, and energy flux is quite variable, depending on the specific location within the Luzon Strait. Large-scale spatial patterns in internal tide pressure and velocity exist across the region, shaped by the bathymetry, mean flow, and stratification. Internal tide coherence is lower (<30%) near large gradients in this pattern (predominantly along the eastern ridge), which are shifted by the variable Kuroshio and mesoscale fields. At other locations within the Luzon Strait, the internal tide is largely coherent (>80%), and simple calculations suggest that remote sources of internal tides could account for these small decreases in coherence. To the west of the Luzon Strait (away from the primary generation regions), the model suggests that diurnal internal tide energy is more coherent than semidiurnal.
Suppression of House Fly Breeding in Tomato Cannery Waste Lagoons by Means of Polyethylene Cover

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Suppression of House Fly Breeding in Tomato Cannery Waste Lagoons by Means of Polyethylene Cover Get access C. E. Mccoy C. E. Mccoy Purdue Agricultural Experiment Station, Lafayette, Indiana Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 51, Issue 3, 1 June 1958, Pages 411–412, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/51.3.411a Published: 01 June 1958 Article history Accepted: 24 February 1958 Published: 01 June 1958
Computer simulation experiments to assess the performance of measures of quantity of pottery

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Reasons for quantifying pottery, and the various measures of quantity that are available, are reviewed, leading to a statement of the criteria that such measures should satisfy. Two new models for the breakage and retrieval of pottery ‐ Kirby processes and recursive sampling — are presented, and fitted to large groups of post‐medieval pottery from a site at Aldgate, City of London. These models are used to assess the performance of four measures of quantity — sherd count, weight, vessels represented and vessel‐equivalents — under a wide variety of conditions, using computer simulation. Initial results show that only ‘vessel‐equivalents’ is unbiased under a range of conditions, but suggest that ‘vessels represented’ may often give the lowest sampling error. The simulations are also used to suggest the minimum size of sample that can give reliable results, again under a range of conditions.
A Facile RP-HPLC Strategy for Sensitive Detection and Stability Study of Dacarbazine in API and in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The current work reflects a simple, robustic, accurate, precise, rapid and stable RP-HPLC method and validates it for quantifying Dacarbazine in API and its parenteral preparation. it is based on identification of drug in reversed phase mode using HPLC. The mobile phase consist of mixture of 960ml of 0.5% v/v glacial acetic acid, added with 0.94g of n-hexane sulphonic acid sodium salt monohydrated and 40 ml of methanol. The drug was detected at 329nm wavelength. The method was later validated as per guidelines proposed by ICH. The drug was exposed to variable stressed conditions and was analyzed by proposed method. The chromatogram reflects no inference from degradative product, excipients or impurities. However, drug under various stress degradation conditions reflects that it is highly susceptible to oxidative condition as 21.89% of drug was degraded. In acidic and alkaline conditions, the drug was degraded by 14.96% and 11.31% respectively, while thermal and photolytic condition causes least degradation, i.e. 1.08% and 1.15% respectively. The proposed method was found to be accurate, reproducible and linear. Thus can be applicable for the quantitative estimation of Dacarbazine and can be successfully applied in the quality control of API and its parenteral preparation.
ORGANIC MATTER DISTRIBUTION WITH PARTICLE-SIZE IN SURFACE HORIZONS OF SOME SOMBRIC SOILS IN VANCOUVER ISLAND

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The surface horizons of some Sombric Brunisols and Podzols were fractionated to determine the distribution of the organo-mineral complexes. The soils were dispersed in water using ultrasonics and fractionated by wet sieving and the continuous flow supercentrifuge. The amounts of organic matter and the surface area of each fraction were determined. The weight of organic matter per unit of surface area increased with increasing size of soil separates. A considerable amount of organic matter is associated with the coarser fractions, with 5, 12 and 49% of the total organic matter being associated with the sand, coarse silt and fine silt fractions, respectively.
Analysis of gain enhancement in antenna arrays covered with metamaterial superstrates using transmission line modeling

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Reciprocity theorem in conjunction with transmission line analogy and the cavity model is employed to develop a very fast analytical solution for the radiation fields of microstrip antenna arrays covered with magneto-dielectric superstrates. The superstrate is designed using broadside coupled split ring resonator (SRR) inclusions and is placed at approximately one-tenth of a wavelength apart from a 4×1 microstrip patch array operating at 2.2 GHz. Good agreement is obtained between the proposed analytical formulation and full-wave numerical simulations. The proposed formulation requires only 2.5 % of the time acquired by full-wave analysis. A gain increase of about 3.5 dB is achieved after covering the antenna array with the engineered magnetic superstrate.
THE EFFECT OF LEVERAGE, THIN CAPITALIZATION, AND TAX HAVENS ON TAX AVOIDANCE WITH FIRM SIZE AS A MODERATING VARIABLE

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study aims to analyze the effect of leverage, thin capitalization, and tax havens on tax avoidance, with firm size as a moderating variable in energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sample consists of energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (www.idx.co.id) for the years 2021 to 2023, resulting in a final sample of 204 observations 87 companies selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data was analyzed using SPSS software with multiple regression analysis, descriptive statistics, classical assumption tests, and hypothesis testing that the research results are Leverage and Thin Capitalization both have a moderately positive and statistically significant correlation with tax avoidance Tax Havens shows a weak and non-significant effect on Tax Avoidance Leverage and thin capitalization both have a moderate and statistically significant influence on tax avoidance Tax Havens, which moderate firm size, have a marginally significant but limited influence on tax avoidance.