jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Latest Advances in Psychiatry: a reason to be cheerful

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Increased demands but reduced resources. Illusory targets and unrealistic milestones. Short‐term expedience rather than long‐term vision. Such is the pressured environment for those working within mental health services in the UK in 2010. How good it is, therefore, to find something to celebrate. Clearly, the Latest Advances in Psychiatry symposia cannot reverse these fundamental problems, but they do offer some respite: a chance to address personal Continuing Professional Development (CPD) objectives, to listen to experts at the top of their field, to catch up with colleagues, and to cherish the brief time away from the hurly‐burly of psychiatric practice. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Interface Ltd
Becoming agents of change: how early-years practitioners in Luxembourg transformed a monolingual environment into a multilingual one

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This case-study examines the personal and professional experiences of two early-years practitioners in a preschool in Luxembourg, the ways in which professional development made them reflect on their beliefs and practices, and, finally, the emerging multilingual practices. New laws about language education were passed in 2017 to take account of the diverse population (Kirsch forthcoming). The new policies move away from a previous focus on Luxembourgish towards multilingual education. Educators must develop skills in Luxembourgish, familiarise children with French and value their home languages. Such governmental policies are not transmitted directly into practices because policy-makers, educators and children engage in the process of policy-making, thereby interpreting them in the light of their beliefs, experiences, practices, and the context (Johnson 2013, Ricento and Hornberger 1996). Examples in the literature testify to the teachers’ agency (Palviainen and Mard-Miettinen 2015, Young and Mary 2016). Agency is not a personal characteristic but something people do. It is shaped by past experiences, future orientations, and current practices (Biesta et al. 2015, Priestley et al. 2013). The study draws on qualitative and quantitative methods (observations, video-recordings, interviews, a questionnaire). It abides to the ethical principles of the University of Luxembourg. The findings show that the practitioners were agents of change: they transformed the monolingual-oriented practices into multilingual ones. The professional development helped them understand perspectives of dynamic multilingualism (García 2017) and use languages strategically (Palviainen and Mard-Miettinen 2015).
Life in biblical Israel

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This special-edition volume of the Library of Ancient Israel, based on the latest research, presents a vivid description of the world of Ancient Israel, covering such topics as domestic life, the means of existence, cultural expression, and religious practices. With over 175 full-color pictures and illustrations, Life in Biblical Israel opens the door to everyday life in biblical Israel for all readers. This volume is perfect for classrooms, coffee tables, and personal use. Volumes in the Library of Ancient Israel draw on multiple disciplines--such as archaeology, anthropology, sociology, linguistics, and literary criticism--to illuminate the everyday realities and social subtleties these ancient cultures experienced. This series employs sophisticated methods resulting in original contributions that depict the reality of the people behind the Hebrew Bible and interprets these insights for a wide variety of readers.
Effects of Curing Agents on Residual Nitrite Contents and N-nitrosamine Formation in Cooked Ham

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In order to study the effect of curing agents on residual nitrite contents and the formation of N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) in cooked ham, sodium ascorbic and phosphate were added during the curing process, respectively. The changes of concentrations of NDEA as well as nitrite in cooked ham were determined. With the increase of sodium ascorbic contents, the concentrations of NDEA significantly decreased under p0.05. Residual nitrite contents also significantly decreased. Residual nitrite contents gradually increased with the addition of STPP, however, nitrite contents increased slowly with the increase of added STPP contents. To an extent, the levels of NDEA formation increased in cooked ham.
Biomechanics of experimental spinal cord trauma

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

✓ The biomechanics of the thoracic spinal cord and thorax in experimental trauma were studied in cats. Contusion of the T5–6 level of the feline spinal cord was accomplished by the weight-dropping technique; various combinations of weights and heights were used; and force, deformation/displacement, deformation velocity, and acceleration of deformation were measured. Greater force was associated with larger weights. Force was directly related to the displacement of the spinal cord and of the spinal cord/thorax. The presence of a “destruction point” on the force-displacement curve was suggested and its apparent significance discussed. Maximum deformation of the spinal cord was 1.1 mm, while the spinal cord/thorax was displaced a maximum of 4.6 mm. Deformation of the spinal cord ranged between 22% and 33% of the anteroposterior spinal cord diameter. Maximum deformation of the spinal cord was not associated necessarily with a maximum velocity of deformation; the range of velocity of spinal cord deformation was 0.12 to 0.18 m/sec. The relationship between velocity of deformation and force was a horizontal parabolic one. Greater force was required to obtain the same velocity of deformation of the spinal cord relative to that of the spinal cord/thorax unit. It was concluded that the mechanical alterations in the structures supporting the spinal cord account for a significant portion of the biomechanical measurements of the spinal cord previously reported in trauma. Since the force on the spinal cord and the thorax are the same, force may well be a most reasonable means of quantitating experimental spinal cord trauma.
The Democratization of Public Space: Anti-Monumentalism Through an Augmented Reality Based Mobile App

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Nowadays, the role of monuments in public space is a matter of controversy around the world. While public space is being reshaped by social movements worldwide, digital rights to the city raise questions about physical spaces and address them through the digital realm. The purpose of this research-creation project is to examine the possibilities of Augmented Reality (AR) as a platform made for expression and speculation in public space. Critical and speculative design methods are used to foster engagement by examining the capacity of social and cultural movements to produce democracy in public space. Through this research-creation process, qualitative data is used to investigate the capabilities of Augmented Reality as a participatory medium, and Anti-monumentalism as a gradual response concerning the city and memories is explained. Consequently, each stage of this dissertation tries to unveil a particular aspect of the central phenomenon that could form a multifaceted online platform that amplifies the unheard voices of the city. In this framing, decision-making is no longer a one-way relationship, where information is produced and spread by responsible authorities but could be redefined more collaboratively through active engagement.
Activity Recognition and Anomaly Detection in E-Health Applications Using Color-Coded Representation and Lightweight CNN Architectures

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Health is becoming a vital industry and human activity recognition (HAR) is one of the most popular research areas of its scope. Although there are various studies on HAR, most of them come up with complex models that are not compatible with portable and wearable devices due to their limited computing capabilities. In this study, a new approach to data representation is presented with convolutional neural network architectures for high accuracy and lightweight activity detection. An anomaly detection framework is presented, which uses ECG data for the prediction of cardiac stress activities. The novel approach to data representation and the proposed deep learning model are tested on the MHEALTH dataset with two different validation techniques for accuracy and three different complexity metrics. The experimental results show that the proposed approaches can achieve up to 96.92% and 97.06% accuracy for the HAR and cardiac stress level, respectively. In addition, the models proposed for inertial data and ECG-based prediction are lighter than the existing approaches in the literature with sizes of 0.89 MB and 1.97 MB and complexities of 0.06 and 1.04 Giga FLOPS, respectively.
The othering of Roma migrants in British and Czech online news discussion forums

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The article addresses the discursive process of othering in online news discussion forums. It is based on a comparative analysis of data from reader comments in British and Czech online newspapers on the topic of recent Roma immigration to the United Kingdom. Applying the discourse historical and the cognitive-pragmatic approaches to CDA, the analysis identifies several common patterns in the two data sets. The first similarity concerns the central importance of place, with the theme of relocation being very prominent. The second point involves the role that intertextual quotations from popular culture play in activating the commenters’ search for relevant, implicitly communicated meanings. Finally, attention is paid to extensive narrativization of reader comments that contain elaborate discursive scripts of othering. It is argued that these strategies not only establish highly polarized collective identity of the ingroup but also postulate an absolute incompatibility between the ingroup and the outgroup. These extreme forms of differentiation appear to be particularly salient in discriminatory discourse involving the Roma.
The place of tadalafil in the treatment of PAH in the light of new clinical guidelines of the Eurasian Association of Cardiologists

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pulmonaryarterialhypertension(PAH)isalife-threateningcardiovascular disease that is characterized by a marked increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary artery pressure due to obstructive remodeling of the pulmonary vascular bed with the development of right ventricular heart failure as a cause of premature mortality. Impaired synthesis and reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide is one of the key pathophysiological mechanisms of the development and progression of the disease. The review paper presents key data from the evidence base on the clinical use of tadalafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5), which in August 2023 approved by the Pharmaceutical Committee of the Russian Ministry of Health for the indication – treatment of patients with PAH. Tadacardil from Canonpharma Production is the first and only drug in Russian practice today with the active substance tadalafil with the registered indication “PAH”, approved in the Eurasian Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension 2023 and available on the territory of the Russian Federation and the EAEU. Tadacardil is indicated for use in adult patients with PAH functional class II and III according to the WHO classification to increase exercise tolerance. The efficacy of tadalafil has been shown in idiopathic PAH and PAH associated with connective tissue diseases. The recommended dose is 40 mg (2 tablets of 20 mg) once a day. The paper describes the mechanism of action and pharmacological effects of PDE5 inhibitors, features of the pharmacokinetics of tadalafil in comparison with other drugs of the class. The advantages of Tadacardil from Canonpharma Production are the proven effecacy of use in patients with PAH, ease of use due to a single dose of 2 tablets of 20 mg once a day in a standard dose; good tolerability and favorable safety profile; proven bioequivalence to the reference drug. In light of the new Eurasian recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of PH, tadalafil has a wide field for clinical use, which will improve the treatment options for patients with PAH both in mono- and combination therapy.
Small molecule CXCR3 antagonist NIBR2130 has only a limited impact on type 1 diabetes in a virus-induced mouse model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Summary CXCL10 is one of the key chemokines involved in trafficking of autoaggressive T cells to the islets of Langerhans during the autoimmune destruction of beta cells in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Blockade of CXCL10 or genetic deletion of its receptor CXCR3 results in a reduction of T1D in animal models. As an alternative to the use of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to CXCL10 or CXCR3 we evaluated the small molecule CXCR3 antagonist NIBR2130 in a virus-induced mouse model for T1D. We found that the overall frequency of T1D was not reduced in mice administered with NIBR2130. An initial slight delay of diabetes onset was not stable over time, because the mice turned diabetic upon removal of the antagonist. Accordingly, no significant differences were found in the islet infiltration rate and the frequency and activity of islet antigen-specific T cells between protected mice administered with NIBR2130 and control mice. Our data indicate that in contrast to direct inhibition of CXCL10, blockade of CXCR3 with the small molecule antagonist NIBR2130 has no impact on trafficking and/or activation of autoaggressive T cells and is not sufficient to prevent T1D.
The value of CT in the diagnosis of Hypoxic ischemic enphoparhy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To study the value of CT in diagnosis of Hypoxic Ischemic Enphoparhy(HIE).Methods:Analysis of clinical manifestation and CT of 136 cases HIE was processed retrospectively.Results: CT is more sensitive to diagnose HIE and its finding are valuable for the establishment of diagnosis.Conclusion: The Diagnosis of HIE is mainly according to clinical manifestation,but CT plays an important role in judging the degree and extent of HIE.
Tapis v3 Streams API: Time‐series and data‐driven event support in science gateway infrastructure

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Summary The explosion of IoT devices and sensors in recent years has led to a demand for efficiently storing, processing and analyzing time‐series data. Geoscience researchers use time‐series data stores such as Hydroserver, Virtual Observatory and Ecological Informatics System (VOEIS), and Cloud‐Hosted Real‐time Data Service (CHORDS). Many of these tools require a great deal of infrastructure to deploy and expertise to manage and scale. The Tapis framework, an NSF funded project, provides science as a service APIs to allow researchers to achieve faster scientific results, by eliminating the need to set up a complex infrastructure stack. The University of Hawai'i (UH) and Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) have collaborated to develop an open source Tapis Streams API that builds on the concepts of the CHORDS time series data service to support research. This new hosted service allows storing, processing, annotating, archiving, and querying time‐series data in the Tapis multi‐user and multi‐tenant collaborative platform. The Streams API provides a hosted production level middleware service that enables new data‐driven event workflows capabilities that may be leveraged by researchers and Tapis powered science gateways for handling spatially indexed time‐series datasets.
Interplay of Chinese Guanxi with Western job role system in private Chinese IT firms

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This doctoral research project was designed to understand how Chinese interpersonal relationships, Guanxi, and Western job role system interplay to affect the coordination of work in Chinese firms. While Chinese firms have extensively introduced Western management practices, which rely on the use of formal organisational systems as formal coordination mechanisms, the cultural practices of Guanxi have constraint the management transfer. On the other hand, Guanxi often works as a relational coordination mechanism for Chinese organisations. There is a potential to integrate the Chinese relational and Western formal mechanisms for an enhanced outcome of organisational coordination. Nonetheless, there is limited empirical literature on the dynamic interplay between Chinese Guanxi and Western management practices and between the relational and formal coordination mechanisms. To reduce the literature gaps, the research conducted three case studies in private Chinese IT firms with 35 in-depth, semi-structured interviews. \n \nIt was found that the intertwining of Guanxi relationships with the formal role relations results in the formation of dense, closed within-team social networks and relatively loose cross-team social networks and the formation of a relational structure consisting of team-based Guanxi groups, Paternalistic Leadership and Senior-junior Guanxi. Moreover, it was indicated that the intra-organisational social networks, the relational structure and some particularistic rules of Guanxi interplay with the formal job role system, creating both positive and negative coordination outcomes. Finally, it was demonstrated that the three case studies achieve different coordination outcomes, which depends on whether the formal job role system curbs the negative outcomes of Guanxi or reinforces the benefits of Guanxi. Consequently, the research contributes to cross-cultural management literature with the empirical understanding on the coevolution of Chinese Guanxi and Western management practices in Chinese organisations and extend coordination literature with the empirical insights on the interplay between relational and formal coordination mechanisms.
Herbivore damage increases avian and ant predation of caterpillars on trees along a complete elevational forest gradient in Papua New Guinea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Signals given off by plants to alert predators to herbivore attack may provide exciting examples of coevolution among organisms from multiple trophic levels. We examined whether signals from mechanically damaged trees (simulating damage by herbivores) attract predators of insects along a complete elevational rainforest gradient in tropical region, where various predators are expected to occur at particular elevational belts. We studied predation of artificial caterpillars on trees with and without ‘herbivorous’ damage; as well as diversity and abundances of potential predators at eight study sites along the elevational gradient (200–3700 m a.s.l.). We focused on attacks by ants and birds, as the main predators of herbivorous insect. The predation rate decreased with elevation from 10% d −1 at 200 m a.s.l. to 1.8% d −1 at 3700 m a.s.l. Ants were relatively more important predators in the lowlands, while birds became dominant predators above 1700 m a.s.l. Caterpillars exposed on trees with herbivorous damage were attacked significantly more than caterpillars exposed on trees without damage. Results suggest that relative importance of predators varies along elevational gradient, and that observed predation rates correspond with abundances of predators. Results further show that herbivorous damage attracts both ants and birds, but its effect is stronger for ants.
Research and the future of project management.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to reflect on some of the fundamental project management (PM) research issues facing PM as a discipline. It aims to pose fundamental questions about where PM research has been heading over the last five decades and how it can remain relevant in supporting the delivery of sustainable value to its clients and key stakeholders. Design/methodology/approach – This is accomplished through reflection on over four decades of experience as a PM researcher and inquisitive observer of PM practice and research trends over that time. Findings – Key findings from this process of retrospection hinges on an argument for appreciating the relevance of theoretically based and empirically grounded PM research that is focused upon project outcomes. Researchers' efforts should be directed towards developing PM practices that help PM practitioners improve their ability to both efficiently deliver projects and effectively optimise benefits; this requires managing the project definition (front-end development) as well as execution. Research limitations/implications – As a retrospective research note, this does not specifically scrutinise or promote any specific research approach; rather it traces research themes so that the general flow of five decades of investigation of PM can be broadly appreciated. Originality/value – The value of this research note lies in its discussion of ontology, epistemology, and methodology together with a useful map of PM research themes over the past 50 years.
Introducing Vikings Across Boundaries

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This introduction to the following chapters seeks to place the volume into a tradition of a diverse Viking Age. This encompasses both diverse scholarly approaches to the period and the multifaceted reality of any period and cultural designation. The Viking Age is not a single entity which can be categorised as a delimited culture, and the dangers of essentialising are perhaps especially apparent with regard to a period of such popularity and indeed emotive pull as the Viking Age. By showcasing research which highlights different approaches, materials and geographical areas, this volume seeks to contribute to a view of the diversity of the Viking Age.
Associations of social cohesion and quality of life with objective and perceived built environments: a latent profile analysis among seniors

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Background Healthy aging requires support from local built and social environments. Using latent profile analysis, this study captured the multidimensionality of the built environment and examined relations between objective and perceived built environment profiles, neighborhood social cohesion and quality of life among seniors. Methods In total, 693 participants aged 66–97 were sampled from two US locales in 2005–2008 as part of the Senior Neighborhood Quality of Life Study (SNQLS). Perceived social cohesion and quality of life were assessed using validated surveys. Six objective (geographic information system (GIS)-based) and seven perceived built environment latent profiles generated in previous SNQLS publications were used for analyses. Mixed-effects models estimated social cohesion and quality of life separately as a function of the built environment profiles. Results More walkable and destination-rich perceived built environment profiles were associated with higher social cohesion and quality of life. Objective built environment profiles were not associated with social cohesion and only positively associated with quality of life in only one locale (Baltimore/DC). Conclusions Latent profile analysis offered a comprehensive approach to assessing the built environment. Seniors who perceived their neighborhoods to be highly walkable and recreationally dense experienced higher neighborhood social cohesion and quality of life, which may set the stage for healthier aging.