jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Assessing the maneuverability of tractor trailer systems in heavy goods transport

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In recent years strong efforts have been made for assistance and automation of heavy goods vehicles. The major efforts focus on driver and driving assistance systems for a broad scope of use cases. Minor efforts have been spent for autonomous driving of heavy goods vehicles. Here the scope of application is limited to non-public traffic, e.g. logistics centers and factory grounds. Also the degree of autonomy is limited, typically to the same level as for AGV's following predefined trajectories. However, extending autonomous driving to logistics centers and factory grounds comes along with a variety of new challenges. An important one is discussed here and regards the maneuverability of vehicles with a high degree of nonholonomy on narrow grounds. In doing this a quantifiable measure of maneuverability has to be defined and applied to comparable heavy goods vehicles.
Mechanistic Investigations of Human Reticulocyte 15- and Platelet 12-Lipoxygenases with Arachidonic Acid

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Human reticulocyte 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-hLO-1) and human platelet 12-lipoxygenase (12-hLO) have been implicated in a number of diseases, with differences in their relative activity potentially playing a central role. In this work, we characterize the catalytic mechanism of these two enzymes with arachidonic acid (AA) as the substrate. Using variable-temperature kinetic isotope effects (KIE) and solvent isotope effects (SIE), we demonstrate that both k(cat)/K(M) and k(cat) for 15-hLO-1 and 12-hLO involve multiple rate-limiting steps that include a solvent-dependent step and hydrogen atom abstraction. A relatively low k(cat)/K(M) KIE of 8 was determined for 15-hLO-1, which increases to 18 upon the addition of the allosteric effector molecule, 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), indicating a tunneling mechanism. Furthermore, the addition of 12-HETE lowers the observed k(cat)/K(M) SIE from 2.2 to 1.4, indicating that the rate-limiting contribution from a solvent sensitive step in the reaction mechanism of 15-hLO-1 has decreased, with a concomitant increase in the C-H bond abstraction contribution. Finally, the allosteric binding of 12-HETE to 15-hLO-1 decreases the K(M)[O(2)] for AA to 15 microM but increases the K(M)[O(2)] for linoleic acid (LA) to 22 microM, such that the k(cat)/K(M)[O(2)] values become similar for both substrates (approximately 0.3 s(-1) microM(-1)). Considering that the oxygen concentration in cancerous tissue can be less than 5 microM, this result may have cellular implications with respect to the substrate specificity of 15-hLO-1.
Migrating teaching of automata theory to a digital platform

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This research explores the challenges of teaching automata theory in computer science and proposes a digital solution to enhance learning experiences. Traditionally taught through pen and paper, automata theory often appears daunting to students due to its abstract nature. This study advocates for a shift towards a more interactive, digital approach. It presents a detailed analysis of current teaching practices, highlighting the need for digital innovation. Based on the categorisation of common question types in traditional assessments, the research introduces 'AutomaTutor', a mobile application designed for this specific educational context. 'AutomaTutor' features a user-friendly interface with a guided exercise system and an interactive editor for experimentation. It offers immediate feedback, hints, and varied problem sets, promoting self-guided learning. An experimental evaluation with postgraduate students demonstrated a preference for 'AutomaTutor' over conventional methods, confirming the hypothesis that a digital platform can significantly improve the understanding of automata theory. The study represents a step forward in making theoretical computer science more accessible and engaging, benefiting both teachers and students. It underscores the potential of integrating technology with traditional teaching principles in automata theory education.
Tolerating DNA Rearrangement

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

B cells undergo DNA rearrangement to produce antibodies. In other cell types, DNA breaks can be lethal due to induction of apoptosis through a p53-mediated process. Phan and Dalla-Favera suggest that the transcriptional repressor protein BCL6, which is abundant in mature B cells of the germinal center (those undergoing somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination), represses p53 expression and allows the cells to tolerate low levels of genetic stress associated with DNA rearrangement. BCL6 repressed expression of a reporter gene containing the p53 promoter region, and BCL6 was detected associated with the p53 promoter in chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. When BCL6 expression was inhibited by siRNA, p53 mRNA increased to levels similar to those detected in naïve B cells that do not express BCL6 . Furthermore, cells in which BCL6 was knocked down exhibited a larger increase in p53 abundance in response to genotoxic stress (etoposide treatment) compared with control cells. In wild-type cells, BCL6 is targeted for degradation by a ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal process in response to genotoxic stress. However, in cells expressing a mutant form of BCL6 that could not be ubiquitin tagged, apoptotic cell death was decreased and the induction of p53 expression and expression of p53 target genes were reduced compared to that observed in cells expressing wild-type BCL6. Constitutive expression of BCL6 through chromosomal translocation is associated with certain types of lymphoma, and it may be that repression of p53 is one mechanism by which these cancers arise. R. T. Phan, R. Dalla-Favera, The BCL6 proto-oncogene suppresses p53 expression in germinal-centre B cells. Nature 432 , 635-639 (2004). [Online Journal]
Quay crane allocation problem with the internal truck capacity constraint in container terminals

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In container terminals, discharging and loading of vessels are critical planning decisions which highly depend on the interaction between the quay cranes and internal trucks, they also have a significant impact on the terminal performance and revenue. Decisions on the assignments of quay cranes and internal trucks to the berthed vessels are typically made sequentially. However, the applicability of the handling plan can be improved when these two decisions are made simultaneously. This paper introduces an approach for assigning quay cranes and internal trucks to the berthed vessels simultaneously with consideration of the internal truck limited availability. A two phase solution methodology is proposed. In the first phase, a mixed integer programming model is formulated which provides the number of quay cranes assigned to each vessel, as well as the number of internal trucks assigned to each quay crane at each time period. In the second phase, a heuristic is used to solve the specific quay crane assignment problem. Using a numerical example, the benefits of the proposed approach are demonstrated.
Silicon etching in a pulsed HBr/O2 plasma. I. Ion flux and energy analysis

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The ion flux and ion velocity distribution function are studied using a capacitively coupled radio frequency ion flux probe and a multigrid retarding field analyzer in an HBr/O2 pulsed plasma process, dedicated to silicon etching in gate or shallow trench isolation applications. A decrease of the duty cycle of the pulsed plasma etch process affects strongly these parameters: the mean ion flux decreases almost by the square of the duty cycle. Furthermore, the contribution of high energy ions from the on-time of the plasma is strongly reduced while their energy is slightly increased. In average, this leads to a significantly reduced ion energy and a reduced ion flux in the pulsed plasma compared to the continuous wave plasma.
Preliminary investigation on the role of Nitric Oxide Synthase in smoking-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

? Objective In order to study the role of Nitric Oxide Synthase(NOS) in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,we developed an animal model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) in hamsters by chronic smoke inhalation and observed the expression of the NOS in pulmonary tissue.Methods 25 male hamsters were studied:normal controls( n =10), hamsters intoxicated for 3 months( n =15).The exposed animals were intoxicated 2 times(10 cigarettes per each time) a day,5 days a week.Pulmonary and bronchial morphological changes were observed by light and electron microscopy after 3 months of smoking.The quantitative pathological examination by image analysis was also performed.The expression of inducible NOS(iNOS)and endothelial NOS(eNOS) in pulmonary tissue was observed by immunohistochemical technique.Results 3 months after smoking the animals presented obvious chronic bronchitis and emphysema.iNOS immunoreactivity in bronchial epithelia and macrophages was stronger than that in normal control.eNOS immunoreactivity in endothelia of pulmonary arteriole was weaker than that in normal control.Conclusions Smoking can induce over expression of iNOS in bronchial epithelia and alveolar macrophages and weak expression of eNOS in endothelia of pulmonary arterioles.The former might result in lung injury and COPD,and the latter might relate to pulmonary hypertension. 〔
Interconnected Pathways: Exploring Inflammation, Pain, and Cognitive Decline in Osteoarthritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The relationship among inflammation, pain, and cognitive decline in osteoarthritis (OA) patients is complex and has not been sufficiently explored; therefore, we undertook this research to evaluate how OA-related inflammation and pain affect cognitive functions, as well as to examine the potential of urinary markers as indicators of these conditions. This study examined fifty OA patients through clinical and cognitive assessments, morphological analyses, urinary biomarkers, and bioinformatics. Morphologically, 24% of patients had moderate to high synovial inflammation, which was significantly correlated with depressive symptoms, pain intensity, and self-reported anxiety. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment indicated minimal decline in most patients but showed negative correlations with age and inflammation severity. Urinary TNF-α and TGF-β1 levels positively correlated with body mass index and pain and synovitis score and immune cell infiltration, respectively. In contrast, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and C-telopeptides of type II collagen showed inverse correlations with pain duration and cognitive function, respectively. Distinct patient clusters with higher inflammation were identified and were associated with reported pain and depressive symptoms. Urinary TNF-α and TGF-β1 can serve as biomarkers reflecting inflammation and disease severity in OA. This study suggests that synovial inflammation may be linked to mental and cognitive health in some patient cohorts.
A Clinical Investigation of a Dual Zinc plus Arginine Dentifrice in Reducing Established Dental Plaque and Gingivitis Over a Six-Month Period of Product Use.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The overall results of this double-blind clinical study support the conclusion that a Dual Zinc plus Arginine dentifrice containing zinc (zinc oxide, zinc citrate) 0.96%, 1.5% Arginine, and 1450 ppm fluoride as sodium fluoride in a silica base provides significantly greater reduction in dental plaque and gingivitis parameters as compared to a regular fluoride dentifrice containing 1450 ppm fluoride as sodium fluoride in a silica base after three months and six months of product use.
Multimedia Lydgate and Stories “Shewyd in Fygur”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

John Lydgate’s many experiments with multiple media in his verse reveal a sustained interest in the possibilities of mixed-media art forms and especially in the interplay of text and visual modes of representation. This chapter begins by outlining the rich ground the Lydgate canon offers for the exploration of medieval multimediality and goes on to argue that Lydgate’s verse reveals him to be deeply invested in exploring the combined power of both text and image to “figure.” The Middle English verb figuren has multiple definitions: It can mean “To have a certain shape, form, or appearance,” but it can also describe the act of making an image or likeness of something else (or of an abstract concept), of representing something symbolically or figuratively, or of narration or description. Figuring is a theme that surfaces throughout the Lydgate canon in his digressions on poetry and rhetoric, but multimedia works such as his Testament demonstrate Lydgate’s interest in exploiting the semiotic potential of both poetry and image to the full.
Reduction in CPI Commodity Substitution Bias by Using the Modified Lloyd–Moulton Index

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is used as a basic measure of inflation. In practice, the Laspeyres price index is used to measure the CPI, although this formula does not take into account changes in the structure of consumption. The difference between the Laspeyres index and the superlative index should approximate the value of the commodity substitution bias. The Lloyd–Moulton price index does not make use of currentperiod expenditure data and, as it is commonly known, it allows to approximate superlative indices, in particular the Fisher price index (Von der Lippe, 2007). This is a very important property for the inflation measurement and the Consumer Price Index bias calculations. In this paper we verify the utility of the Lloyd–Moulton price index as the Fisher price index approximation. We propose a simple modification of that index and verify this modification for the real data set.
Assimilation and growth efficiencies of postlarvae and juveniles of the Malaysian prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man), fed two balanced diets

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Assimilation efficiency was determined in postlarvae and juveniles of the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, fed Purina Trout Chow and Bovilac Prawn diets. Assimilation, which depends on the assimilation efficiency as well as on the amount of food intake, was 43% higher for the postlarvae and 60% higher for the juveniles fed Purina than for those fed Bovilac (P < 0.05). The assimilation efficiency values were calculated by the Condrey et al. (1972) modified method, which considers the assimilated food in dry weight from the consumed material. The results show that postlarvae and juveniles fed Purina had an assimilation efficiency of 13 and 43.5% higher (P < 0.05) than the ones fed Bovilac. The indices of utilization of consumed or assimilated energy for growth, K1 and K2, were significantly higher (P < 0.05) for the prawns fed Purina than for those fed Bovilac.
Identification of Edible Oils by Principal Component Analysis of 1H NMR Spectra

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a statistical method widely used in chemometric studies to analyze large correlated sets of data. An undergraduate laboratory experiment involving PCA of H-1 NMR spectral data is described. Students collect NMR spectra of an unknown oil sample are provided with spectra of six oil standards (canola, corn, olive, peanut, sesame, and sunflower), and are asked to identify the unknown oil using score plots based on the PCA results. This laboratory experiment gives students hands-on experience collecting NMR spectra performing NMR spectral processing and utilizing freely available web-based software to subject the data to PCA and to prepare the subsequent scoring plots.
End-results in Primary Sterility

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

According to a report in the New York Times (August 14) all packages of chloramphenicol distributed in the United States must now bear a special warning label.The label will read: " Warning: blood dyscrasias may be associated with intermittent or prolonged use.It is essential that adequate blood studies be made."This ruling by the Food and Drug Administration, Washington, follows a nation- wide survey of blood-disorder cases.Out of 410 cases reviewed by a committee of the National Research Council, 177 were found to have been associated with the use of chloramphenicol.' About half of these cases were fatal.Death was attributed to failure of haemopoiesis in the bone marrow.The committee, headed by
Kinetic Analysis of Anticipatory Postural Adjustment in Gait Initiation: Roles of the Support and Swing Legs

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

〔目的〕歩き始め動作の予測的姿勢調整を担う支持脚側と遊脚側の運動力学的な違いを明らかにすることを目的とした．〔対象と方法〕健常若年者18名を対象とし，歩き始め動作を普通速度と最大速度の2条件で，三次元動作解析装置と床反力計を用いて計測した．〔結果〕合成床反力作用点（COP）は速度の増大に伴い変位の増大を認め，前後方向よりも左右方向への変位が増大した．しかし，足関節，股関節モーメントは速度の増大に伴う支持脚側と遊脚側の差を認めなかった．一方，歩行速度にかかわらず，支持脚側と遊脚側のCOPの前後方向への移動時間は遊脚側が短かった．〔結語〕速度調節は支持脚側と遊脚側で差を認めなかったが，歩行速度にかかわらず，遊脚側は前後方向のCOPを支持脚側より短い時間で移動させる必要があると考える．
Globalization And Bangsa Malaysia Discourse In Racial Crisis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The study of Malaysia's multiethnic social dynamics has long been beholden to frameworks bequeathed by Orientalist epistemological regimes, such as Furnivall's tplural societyt thesis which conceives of tracet in Malaysia as an ontological and primordial feature of society, an illiberal tpassiont so-to-speak, characteristic of a pre-modern non-West. In more recent turns in European social theory, deconstructive and postmodern tendencies have critiqued essentialised categories of identity and framed cultural hybridity and transcendent subject-potential as the privileged object of poststructural agency. The cultural studies project, which examines race not as a ?passion? but as material-ideological discourse, allows us to open a necessary horizon of intervention. The globalization-linked restructuring of production in Malaysia corresponds with the official emergence of neoliberal Bangsa Malaysia nation-building discourse by the state. Keywords: Bangsa Malaysia; globalization; racial crisis
THE BIOLOGY OF THE RICE WEEVIL, CALANDRA ORYZAE (L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The length of the developmental instars of Calandra oryzae has been estimated at relative humidities of 50, 60, 70 and 80% at 21° C., at 70% at 18, 25 and 30° C., and at 80% at 18° C., by the dissection daily of samples of infested wheat‐grains. The results are expressed as a median obtained by the method of probit analysis. Comparison of this method, with estimates of median and mean obtained by orthodox arithmetical methods from similar work on Rhizopertha , show that the probit method gives good estimates. About 90% of the eggs laid are fertile. Normally only one adult will develop in a grain, all other individuals being destroyed by cannibalism. The sex ratio is unity. It was not possible to cross C. oryzae and C. granaria. The daily oviposition rate of C. oryzae at 17, 21 and 25° C. increases with relative humidity. There is a critical point at about 60% r.h . below which egg laying declines rapidly, and mortality is high. At 100% r.h . the oviposition rates per female per day are approximately 1.3, 2.5 and 3.4 at 17, 21 and 25° C. respectively. In experimental conditions most eggs per grain are obtained by giving isolated females one grain each, but more eggs are laid by females given more than one grain. Daily egg output is reduced by grouping females or including males. In culture, depths of grain up to 7 cm. do not discourage egg laying.
ARID3B’nin meme kanseri hücre hatlarında ifade edilmesi.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The ARID, A-T Rich Interaction Domain, is a helix-turn-helix motif based domain which binds to DNA by both sequence-specific and non-sequence specific manners. The ARID protein family is found in protozoa, green algae, higher plants, fungi and metazoans, while it is not seen in archea or eubacteria. ARID domain harboring genes are involved in variety of biological processes including embryonic development, cell lineage gene regulation, chromatin modification and cell cycle control.ARID3B, a member of ARID family, is highly conserved throughout evolution. It is homologous to retinoblastoma binding proteins, mouse Bright and Drosophila dead ringer protein. ARID3B has several roles in cellular processes; histone methylation, chromatin structure modification, transcriptional activation and possibly in development. Given its known roles, ARID3B has been linked to cellular transformation and tumor progression, and was shown to be deregulated in various different cancers. A possible link between ARID3B and breast cancer was suggested by our group. We reported miR-125b, a tumor suppressor in breast cancers to target and downregulate ARID3B mRNA. In this study, we aimed to contribute to the efforts to better understand ARID3B function in breast cancers by analyzing its expression in breast cancer cell lines. Our results confirmed the immunohistochemistry (IHC) studies performed in our lab on patient samples where a positive correlation between ARID3B expression and ER positivity was detected. Interestingly, we also detected a negative correlation between ARID3B and ERBB2 positivity, also confirming the IHC studies. Future studies will be required to mechanistically confirm these observations and their significance in terms of breast carcinogenesis.