jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Dysregulation of tryptophan biosynthesis as a putative treatment approach for nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, a causative agent of otitis media

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Bacterial adaptation to the nutritional environment of the host is critical for infection. We hypothesize that microevolution due to nutrient stress enhances invasion, intracellular bacterial community formation (IBC), and persistence of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI). We previously identified an NTHI mutant that arose during prolonged nutrient deprivation that promoted in vitro persistence and during experimental otitis media (OM). We determined that a single mutation in the gene encoding cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase reprioritizes NTHI metabolism during biofilm growth in this evolved strain. There was a significant increase in all proteins involved in tryptophan metabolism. Given the importance of tryptophan and tryptophan metabolites in host immunity and bacterial virulence, the contribution of tryptophan biosynthesis on NTHI pathogenesis and intracellular survival was evaluated. We generated a panel of mutant strains impaired in tryptophan biosynthesis, import, or both. Loss of tryptophan synthesis significantly inhibited bacterial growth. We also showed that dysregulation of tryptophan biosynthesis leads to accumulation of the tryptophan metabolite indole which we hypothesize results in indole toxicity of NTHI. We subsequently found that tryptophan biosynthesis pathway impairment significantly inhibited NTHI IBC formation in both human bronchial epithelial cells and in a pre-clinical chinchilla model of OM. When competed against the parent strain, loss of either tryptophan synthesis or import resulted in increased fitness in a chinchilla model. Taken together, NTHI adaptation to nutrient sequestration dysregulates tryptophan biosynthesis and is associated with reduced bacterial viability, possibly through the accumulation of indole. Further, this dysregulation of tryptophan biosynthesis reduces formation of IBCs, which will impact persistence of NTHI. The implications of these discoveries will therefore help guide the future developments of therapeutics for treatment of OM.
Circulating tumor DNA shows variable clonal response of breast cancer during neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) correlates with tumor burden and provides early detection of treatment response and tumor genetic alterations in breast cancer (BC). In this study, we aimed to identify genetic alterations during the process of tumor clonal evolution and examine if ctDNA level well indicated clinical response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and BC recurrence. We performed targeted ultra-deep sequencing of plasma DNAs, matched germline DNAs and tumor DNAs from locally advanced BC patients. Serial plasma DNAs were collected at diagnosis, after the 1st cycle of NAC and after curative surgery. For the target enrichment, we designed RNA baits covering a total of ∼202kb regions of the human genome including a total of 82 cancer-related genes. For ctDNA, 15 serial samples were collected and 87% of plasma SNVs were detected in 13 BC samples that had somatic alterations in tumor tissues. The TP53 mutation was most commonly detected in primary tumor tissues and plasma followed by BRCA1 and BRCA2. At BC diagnosis, the amount of plasma SNVs did not correlate with clinical stage at diagnosis. With respect to the therapeutic effects of NAC, we found two samples in which ctDNA disappeared after the 1st NAC cycle achieved a pathologic complete response (pCR). In addition, the amount of ctDNA correlated with residual cancer volume detected by breast MRI. This targeted ultra-deep sequencing for ctDNA analysis would be useful for monitoring tumor burden and drug resistance. Most of all, we suggest that ctDNA could be the earliest predictor of NAC response.
Shape watermarking based on minimizing the quadric error metric

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Blind and robust watermarking of 3D object aims to embed codes into a 3D object such that the object is not visually distorted from the original shape. An essential condition is that the message should be securely extracted even after the graphical object was processed. In this paper, we propose a novel blind and robust mesh watermarking method based on the quadric error metric. The vertices are firstly grouped into bins using a secret key according to their distances to the object center. The statistics of the distances in each bin is modified when embedding the message. A novel quadric selective vertex placement scheme is proposed for finding the best location of each vertex, following watermark embedding, such that the resulting shape distortion is minimal. Experimental results show that the proposed method reduces the distortion to a minimum in the 3D shape.
Creating effective abbreviations for brand names.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this report is to explore three methods of creating effective abbreviated brand names and what properties should an effective abbreviated brand name have. The three methods are (1) truncation, (2) contraction and (3) including of vowels. Specifically, this report examines whether abstracting certain letters from the full brand or having an abbreviated brand name that contains a vowel affects consumers’ liking of that abbreviation. This report also studies the impact of having abbreviated brand names that are pronounceable and resemble English words on consumers’ familiarity towards and ease of recognition of the abbreviation, and ultimately consumers’ liking of the abbreviated brand name.
Supplementary Table 1 from Influencing the Tumor Microenvironment: A Phase II Study of Copper Depletion Using Tetrathiomolybdate in Patients with Breast Cancer at High Risk for Recurrence and in Preclinical Models of Lung Metastases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>This is the demographics table containing brief summary of baseline patient characteristics of patients enrolled on trial.</p>
The Presence of Toxocara Eggs on Dog’s Fur as Potential Zoonotic Risk in Animal-Assisted Interventions: A Systematic Review

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Animal-assisted interventions (AAIs) usually contribute to the well-being and health of users/patients, but it is essential that the animals involved in these activities do not represent a source of zoonoses. This systematic review focused on the evaluation of the potential risk of the transmission of Toxocara by dogs’ fur, considering their involvement as the main animal species in AAIs. Three databases were considered: MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, and the PRISMA guidelines were used. Out of 162 articles found, 14 papers were identified as eligible for inclusion in the review. Although the findings were very heterogeneous, they showed that regular parasitological surveillance to plan effective control programs is strongly needed to guarantee the health of pets and consequently the public health, according to the concept of One Health. Since AAIs involve patients and/or users potentially susceptible, it is very important to appropriately treat dogs enrolled in these interventions after an accurate diagnosis of parasitic zoonoses.
Radiation safety management for diagnostic radiation generators and employees in animal hospitals in Korea

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A nationwide survey on radiation safety management in Korean animal hospitals was conducted.By 2013, 53 radiation generators were registered as veterinary medical devices (41 X-ray generators and 12 computed tomography scanners).Additionally there were six approved laboratories for radiation equipment and protection facility, and five approved laboratories for radiation exposure of employees, respectively.By March 2013, 2,030 out of 3,829 animal hospitals operated radiation-generating devices.Among these devices, 389 (19.2%) out of 2,030 were not labeled with the model name and 746 (36.7%) were not labeled with production dates.Thus, most veterinary X-ray generators were outdated (42.6%) and needed replacements.When periodic inspections of 2,018 animal hospitals were performed after revision of the Veterinarians Act in 2011, the hospitals were found to be equipped with appropriate radiation generators and protection facilities.Among 2,545 employees exposed to radiation at the hospitals, 93.9% were veterinarians, 4.3% were animal nurse technicians, and 18% held other positions.Among 169 employees supervised by administrators, none of those had a weekly maximum operating load that exceeded 10 mA•min.This study suggests that the radiation safety management system of animal hospitals was general good.
The perceptions of tutors and tutees regarding the effectiveness of tutoring in writing centers on second-foreign language learners' writing proficiency - by Natalia Ibrahim Geha

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Thesis (M.A.)--American University of Beirut, Dept. of Education, 2008.;Advisor : Dr. Amy Zenger, Assistant Professor , Department of English--Member of Committee : Dr. Ghazi Ghaith, Professor , Department of Education--Member of Committee : Dr. Roseanne
An improved method for in vitro feeding of adult female Dermanyssus gallinae (poultry red mite) using Baudruche membrane (goldbeater’s skin).

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Dermanyssus gallinae , or poultry red mite (PRM), is an important ectoparasite in laying hens, having a significant welfare and economic impact. Testing novel control compounds typically involves in vitro methodologies before in vivo assessments. Historically, in vitro methods have involved PRM feeding on hen blood through a membrane. The use of hen blood requires multiple procedures (bleeds) to provide sufficient material and the use of a larger species (e.g. geese), could serve as a refinement in the use of animals in research. Methods The existing in vitro feeding device, employing a Parafilm™ M membrane [1] and adult females was used to investigate any differences in mite feeding, egg laying and mortality when fed goose or hen blood. Effects on these parameters when PRM were fed through either; Parafilm™ M, Baudruche membrane, and a combination of these with an overlaid polyester mesh were then tested using goose blood. Results PRM fed equally well on goose or hen blood through a Parafilm™ M membrane, no significant differences in mortality of PRM fed with either blood type was demonstrated. A significant increase (t-test: t =3.467, df =4, P = 0.03). in eggs laid per fed mite when using goose blood was demonstrated. A 70% increase in PRM feeding was observed when mites were fed on goose blood through a Baudruche membrane when compared to the Parafilm™ M membrane. Addition of an overlaid polyester mesh did not improve feeding rates. A significant increase (ANOVA: F (3, 20) =3.193, P = 0.04) in PRM egg laying was observed in mites fed on goose blood through Baudruche membrane, compared to those fed through Parafilm™ M. A mean of 1.22 (SEM ± 0.04) eggs per fed mite was obtained using the Baudruche feeding device compared to only 0.87 (SEM ±0.3) eggs per fed mite using the Parafilm™ M device when neither had a polyester mesh overlay. Conclusion The in vitro feeding of adult female poultry red mite can be readily facilitated through the use of goose blood in feeding devices with Baudruche membrane.
Tuning the strength and selectivity of ion-pair recognition using heteroditopic calix[4]arene-based receptors

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The syntheses, characterisation and ion binding properties of two novel heteroditopic calix[4]arene receptors are reported. These systems were found to demonstrate cooperative binding of certain ion-pairs, with the selectivity depending critically on the structure of the receptors. Furthermore, a macrocyclic effect for ion-pair recognition was observed to operate.
EVALUATION OF PROPAGATION METHODS BY SEEDS AND CUTTINGS IN PIPER ADUNCUM (PIPERACEAE)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ISHS International Symposium on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants IMAPS2010 and History of Mayan Ethnopharmacology IMAPS2011 EVALUATION OF PROPAGATION METHODS BY SEEDS AND CUTTINGS IN PIPER ADUNCUM (PIPERACEAE)
and fast transient SAX J1819.3–2525 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. SAX J1819.3–2525 is a nearby X-ray transient which exhibited a fast and large X-ray outburst on Sep. 15, 1999 (Smith et al. 1999). The Wide Field Cameras and the Narrow Field Instruments (NFI) on board BeppoSAX observed SAX J1819.3–2525 at various stages of its activity before that, in the spring and fall of 1999. The fluxes range between 0.012 and 0.3 Crab units (2–10 keV). The NFI observation is unique because it is the longest semi-continuous observation of SAX J1819.3–2525 so far, and it offers a study of the spectrum at a relatively high resolution of 8 % full width at half maximum at 6 keV. We discuss the observations with emphasis on the X-ray spectrum. A strong Fe-K emission line was detected in SAX J1819.3–2525 with an equivalent width between 0.3 and 1 keV. The line energy is up to 6.85±0.02 keV and suggests the presence of highly ionized iron. We identify this as fluorescent emission from a photo-ionized plasma. The continuum spectrum is typical for a low-mass X-ray binary in which emission from an accretion disk corona plays an important role. There is no sign of an eclipse or periodic signal due to the binary orbit in this exposure, despite the fact that the twin jets seen at radio wavelengths suggest a high inclination angle.
The Middle Way 中道 and Reality 実相 in Chinkai’s 珍海 <i>Daijō shōkan ryaku shiki </i>大乘正観略私記

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper focuses on the Daijō shōkan ryaku shiki 大乘正観略私記 (below, Shiki) of Chinkai (珍海, 1092–1152), a Japanese monk of the late Heian period, and aims at investigating the meaning of the term shōkan (正観), along with his understanding of the thought of the Middle Way (中道) and Reality (実相).
Personalized Gene Expression Analyses of SMAD7 and KLF10 In Breast Cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Many cancer researchers use gene expression analysis for differentiation between tumor and normal cells for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic purposes. Most of studies compare either tumor cell lines by normal cell lines or tumor tissue of affected individuals by normal healthy control tissue. But expression of each special gene is unique in different individuals and also in different tissue of same individual. For this reason, here we compare the gene expression levels of SMAD7 and KLF10 in tumor cells and its adjacent normal tissue of breast cancer patients and compared them. For this purpose, a total of 40 tumor and matched tumor-free margin samples were obtained during surgery. The SMAD7 and KLF10 mRNA expression levels in tumor and marginal samples were examined by real-time quantitative PCR. Results are not concordant with previous studies and comparison of only SMAD7 or KLF10 is not useful for differentiating between tumor and margin cells, but ratio analysis of these two genes, SMAD7/ KLF10, can be indicative than study of one gene alone. We concluded that gene expression analysis of tumor cells with adjacent normal tissue are essential for precise identification and interpretation of cancer alterations and have important implications for the diagnostic and therapeutic management of cancer patients.
Multiple model based adaptive control of a DC motor under load changes

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This short paper aims to survey available multiple model adaptive control (MMAC) techniques and to propose a different methodology for the multiple model based approach for the control of a DC motor under load changes. Two general approaches in MMAC, namely, multiple fixed models and multiple adaptive models have been reviewed and a novel method, which is based on the linear combination of adaptive models with no switching, is proposed. The proposed method is tested for the servo control of a DC motor. Performance of classical indirect adaptive control, MMAC methods and the proposed methodology is compared under abrupt large parameter changes.
Hereditary immunity in cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cancer is one of the malignant diseases and millions of people worldwide die from cancer annually. Breast cancer diagnosis requires the analysis of images and attributes as well as collecting many clinical and mammography variables. In diagnosis of breast cancer, it is im-portant to determine whether a tumor is benign or malignant. The information about breast cancer risk prediction along with the type of tu-mor are crucial for patients and effective medical decision making. An ideal diagnostic system could effectively distinguish between benign and malignant cells; however, such a system has not been created yet. In this study, a model is developed to improve the prediction probabil-ity of breast cancer. It is necessary to have such a prediction model as the survival probability of breast cancer is high when patients are diagnosed at early stages.Â Â
CORROSION—Applications of Electrical Resistance Corrosion Probes

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCORROSION—Applications of Electrical Resistance Corrosion ProbesA. J. FreedmanCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1960, 52, 10, 67A–70APublication Date (Print):October 1, 1960Publication History Published online6 October 2008Published inissue 1 October 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50610a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50610a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views42Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Gender recognition of Luffa flowers using machine learning

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Automatic flower gender identification could be introduced to large farmlands to help artificial pollination of imperfect flowers. Incomplete flowers contain either male or female organs but not both. In this paper, we present a computer aided system based on image processing and machine learning to identify the gender of a Luffa flower automatically. A pre-trained machine learning model is used for gender segmentation of flowers. The system is developed using Tensorflow Machine Learning Tool, which is an open-source software library for Machine Intelligence. The network was selected as the Google’s Inception model and a dataset was prepared after capturing flower images from a Sri Lankan Luffa farm. The system was tested using two datasets. The first contained the captured original images and the second was prepared by cropping each image to extract male and female floral organs, stamen and pistil respectively. The prototype system classified the flowers as either male or female at 95% accuracy level. The experimental results indicate that the proposed approach can significantly support an accurate identification of the gender of a Luffa flower with some computational effort.
Supplementary Table 1 from Nm23-H1 Indirectly Promotes the Survival of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Blast Cells by Binding to More Mature Components of the Leukemic Clone

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplementary Table 1 from Nm23-H1 Indirectly Promotes the Survival of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Blast Cells by Binding to More Mature Components of the Leukemic Clone
Twitter Sentiment Data Analysis of User Behavior on Cryptocurrencies

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Social networks such as Twitter contain billions of data of users, and in every second, a large number of tweets trade through Twitter. Sentiment analysis is the way toward deciding the emotional tone behind a series of words that users utilize to understand the attitudes, thoughts, and emotions that are enunciated in online references on Twitter. This chapter aims to determine the user preference of Bitcoin and Ethereum, which are the two most popular cryptocurrencies in the world by using the Twitter sentiment analysis. It proposes a powerful and fundamental approach to identify emotions on Twitter by considering the tweets of these two distinctive cryptocurrencies. One hundred twenty thousand (120,000) tweets were extracted separately from Twitter for each keyword Bitcoin/BTC and Bitcoin/ETC between the period from 12/09/2018 to 22/09/2018 (10 days).
Clinical and laboratory indices of severe renal lesions in children with febrile urinary tract infection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aim To evaluate the predictive value of various clinical and laboratory parameters on the identification of acute extensive and/or multifocal renal involvement in children with febrile urinary tract infections ( UTI ). Methods The medical records of 148 children (median age: 2.4 months, range: 11 days–24 months), who were admitted during a 3‐year period with a first episode of febrile UTI , were analysed. Acute dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy (DMSA), clinical and laboratory parameters were evaluated. Results Seventy six children (51%) had abnormal findings on the acute DMSA. Of them, 20 had DMSA grade 2, while 56 had grade 3 and 4. Patients with a DMSA grade 3 and 4 were more likely to have shivering (OR 3.4), white blood count (WBC) ≥ 18 000/ μ L (OR 2.4), absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 9300/ μ L (OR 4.4), C‐reactive protein (CRP) ≥ 50 mg/L (OR 2.7) and procalcitonin (PCT) ≥ 1.64 ng/mL (OR diagnostic). There was a significant difference of WBC (p = 0.004), ANC, CRP and PCT levels (p < 0.001) between children with normal and grade 2 aDMSA versus those with aDMSA grade 3 and 4. Conclusions Shivering and elevated inflammatory markers increase the risk of acute extensive and/or multifocal kidney involvement in children with febrile UTI . Procalcitonin seems to be an excellent marker of the severity of acute parenchymal involvement.
Projected impact of the Primary Care Residency Expansion program using historical trends in graduate placement.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Primary Care Residency Expansion (PCRE) program was created by the Health Resources and Services Administration in 2010 to help address the shortage of primary care physicians. If historical graduate placement trends for funded programs remain stable, the PCRE program would have a potential impact of more than 600 new physicians working in primary care.