jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
337. Switching from TDF to TAF: Missed Opportunities for Statin Use in HIV

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background People living with HIV (PLWH) have been observed to have twice the risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) as the general population. Increases in total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol have been observed in PLWH switching from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) to tenofovir alafenamide (TAF). Changes in regimens represent an opportunity for healthcare providers to assess health markers and address clinical concerns. Current guidelines recommend initiating statin therapy in individuals with an elevated ASCVD risk. Failure to initiate statins in PLWH with an ASCVD ≥ 7.5% at switch represents a missed opportunity for statin initiation. We aimed to assess missed opportunities for statin therapy in PLWH switching from TDF to TAF-containing antiretroviral therapy. Methods Adults switching from TDF to TAF with ≥1 lipid measure on TDF ≤6 months prior to switch and ≥1 lipid measure ≥7 days after switch to TAF were identified in the OPERA® cohort (84 clinics in 18 US states/territories). The proportion of PLWH prescribed statins pre- and post-switch was stratified by ASCVD risk (recommended threshold: ASCVD ≥ 7.5%). The ASCVD score was imputed using the limit value for components out of the pre-specified range. Results 6,451 PLWH switched from TDF to TAF (Figure 1); over 90% had ASCVD scores available pre- (n = 5801) and post-switch (n = 5881). High ASCVD risk (≥7.5%) was more likely post-switch (34.1) than pre-switch (32.1%, P = 0.02; Figure 2). Of those with high ASCVD risk, only 31% and 41% were prescribed statins pre- vs. post-switch, respectively (Figure 3), representing a considerable missed opportunity for ASCVD prevention, with 59% of PLWH with an elevated risk of ASCVD not prescribed statins after switch from TDF to TAF. ASCVD scores were imputed for those outside the range of the score (e.g., patients < 40 years of age) to evaluate the entire population. Comparable results were obtained when the analysis was limited to PLWH who did not require ASCVD score imputation. Conclusion Despite a switch from TDF to TAF being associated with higher numbers of PLWH with elevated ASCVD risk, most did not receive a statin, representing considerable missed opportunities to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease in this at-risk population. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
Integration of the Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior and Transactional Model of Stress and Coping as a Tool for Understanding Retention in HIV Care Across the Lifespan

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Retaining people living with HIV (PLWH) in care over the lifespan is critical to quality and longevity of life. Individual health behavior decisions that affect care retention are complicated and multifactorial. Current health behavior theories are inadequate in isolation to guide retention in care research. Two existing models, Cox's Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior, and Lazarus and Folkman's Transactional Model of Stress and Coping have both guided research with PLWH, although not related to retention in care. Integration of these models may more comprehensively inform care retention research and practice across the lifespan as it incorporates not only intra- and inter-personal characteristics and relationships but also the stress and coping experiences inevitable when living with a chronic illness such as HIV.
AN AD HOC COMPARISON OF THE HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE PERFORMANCE ACROSS GREEK ORTHODOX, JEWISH AND ISLAMIC SCHOOLS AS WELL AS CATHOLIC AND STATE HIGH SCHOOLS IN SYDNEY IN 2023

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this report is to compare final year performance across 30 Greek Orthodox, Jewish, Muslim, Catholic and State high schools in New South Wales in 2022.The success rate or proportion of subjects with high scores (Band 6, 90-100) was the criterion. All three systems (Greek Orthodox, Jewish and Muslim) performed well above the median success rate for schools in the State (5.47%). The overall success rate for Greek Orthodox colleges was below that of the other ethnic groupings; Overwhelmingly, the Jewish schools had a superior performance in the Higher School Certificate. Greek Orthodox colleges and Catholic schools had a higher success rate than the State school systems. Greek Orthodox colleges had a marginally lower success rate than the Catholic schools.
A Novel Method for Speech Data Mining

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Text-to-Speech (TTS) system is one to translate given text to speech which can be used in various applications such as information releasing systems, voice response devices, voice services in E-mail and reading machines for the blind. Great progress has been made in the research on Chinese TTS systems and several Chinese TTS systems have been published. However, because of the complexity of Chinese, the current available speech patterns are not very fine. The speech quality of those systems developed from these patterns is not good enough to meet the needs of users. The main purpose of this paper is to gain a refined prosodic model of Chinese speech. Traditional methods are not used in this thesis and data mining techniques are employed. Data mining is the process of discovering advantageous patterns in database. There are now many data mining algorithms, one of which is neural network. This paper presents a data mining system using clustering algorithm to find useful patterns from Chinese speech database. Study on the tone changes of Chinese two- word phrases has been made and good results have been achieved. They are helpful to develop high quality Chinese TTS systems.
Association between childhood demographics and blood lead screening---Nevada Kindergarten Health Survey 2010

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Lead, as a toxic substance, invades the human body, and gradually damages the organs. Oftentimes, elevated blood lead levels are not recognized until serious health issues are found. In the United States, approximately 250,000 children aged 1-5 years have elevated blood lead levels greater than 10 micrograms of lead per deciliter of blood (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2004). However, there is no effective treatment for lead poisoning. Chelation can merely decrease the blood lead levels but cannot reverse the existing damage. To prevent and control childhood lead poisoning, many studies have been conducted to investigate the sources of lead and analyze effective prevention strategies. Blood lead screening tests, as preventive methods for childhood lead poisoning, have been implemented by several states for years. However, some still question the effectiveness of blood lead screening tests, and the cost of these tests creates another barrier. These factors largely hinder the progress of eliminating childhood lead poisoning. To institute blood lead screening tests among different populations, some crucial factors must be considered, such as the children's demographic information and the barriers of accessing health care. The data used in this study was provided by the Nevada Kindergarten Health Survey conducted in 2010. This study aims to analyze the association between the likelihood of obtaining blood lead screening tests and childhood demographic characteristics, namely annual household income, race/ethnicity, home zip code, and barriers to accessing to healthcare. The study results signal the barriers for children's blood lead screening tests and provide recommendations for public health professionals and policy makers to implement effective preventive methods for childhood lead poisoning.
Physiological Functions of Nitric Oxide in Sedum Alfredii Hance under Complex Heavy Metals Stress

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Heavy metals contamination is a major environmental issue, and phytoremediation is a promising, environmentally friendly alternative to conventional cleanup techniques for heavy metal contaminated sites. This paper is intended to explore the physiological functions of nitric oxide (NO) in the signaling pathways as well as defense responses in Sedum Alfredii Hance, a new zinc (Zn) promising hyperaccumulating plant species for the phytoremediation exposured to Cd/Zn/Pb complex contaminations. The induced NO and free radicals (O 2 ldr , H 2 O 2 , ldrOH and malondialdehyde) were quantitatively determined and the functions of NO, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and sacylic acid (SA) in the regulation of the redox signaling against oxidative stress were also discussed. The hypothetical mode of NO effecting plant defense responses was proposed. The results indicated that NO as the versatile and powerful effector of redox-regulated signaling, can acts synergistically with ROS to defend the plant against oxidative attack caused by Cd/Zn/Pb complex contaminations by activating elaborate defenses.
Bacteriological Evaluation of Some Fresh and Frozen fish

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Ninety random samples of fresh and frozen each of Tilapia niloticus, Mugil cephalus and Shrimp (15 of each) werecollected from different fish markets at Qaliuobia Governorate. All collected samples were bacteriologically examinedfor determination of Aerobic Plate Count (APC), psychrotrophic count, Isolation and Identification of pseudomonas andAeromonas species. The bacteriological examination revealed the mean values of APC in the examined fish samples was1.52×106 ± 0.47×106 and 3.08×105 ± 1.31×105 in fresh and frozen Tilapia niloticus, 7.14×105 ± 1.84×105 and 2.59×105 ±0.62×105 in fresh and frozen Mugil cephalus and 7.81×104 ± 2.07×104 and 1.36×104 ± 0.42×104/g, in fresh and frozenshrimp . The mean values of psychrotrophic count in fresh and frozen Tilapia niloticus were 2.67×105 ± 0.45×105 and5.36×105 ± 1.24×105 cfu/g, respectively. 4.91×104 ± 0.93×105 and 1.72×105 ± 0.46×105/ gm respectively in fresh andfrozen Mugil cephalus. 7.81×104 ± 2.07×104 and 6.51×104 ± 1.80×104/g, in fresh and frozen shrimp. The incidence ofPseudomonas species was 33.3% and 53.3%in the examined samples of fresh and frozen Tilapia niloticus, 46.7% and60.0 %in fresh and frozen Mugil cephalu, respectively, 33.3 %and 40.0 %in fresh and frozen shrimp, respectively. Theincidence of Aeromonas species were 46.7 %and 33.3 %in the examined samples of fresh and frozen Tilapia niloticus,53.3 % and 40.0% in fresh and frozen Mugil cephalus, respectively, 33.3 % and 40.0 %in fresh and frozen shrimp,respectively
Binding specificities of the lectins PNA, WGA and UEA I to polyvinylchloride‐adsorbed glycosphingolipids

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The binding specificities of the lectins PNA (peanut agglutinin), WGA (wheat germ agglutinin), and UEA I ( Ulex europeus agglutinin I) against glycosphingolipids were investigated using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), utilizing the biotin‐avidin system for detection of bound lectin. PNA showed the highest affinity to GA1, but also bound, though less strongly, to GM1 and GD1b. WGA bound to 3'‐nLM1 and 6'‐nLM1, the former twice as strongly as the latter, but not to any sialic acid containing glycolipid of the gangliotetraose series. UEA I showed a high affinity for the Le a glycolipid which has an α 1‐4 linked fucose but not for the glycolipids with αl‐3 or α 1–2 linked fucose. Interestingly, 3'‐nLM1 and nLA1, glycolipids lacking fucose, also bound UEA I. The results show that lectins should be used with caution for establishing terminal sugar sequences in glycosphingolipids.
Identity Politics and Gender Issues in Contemporary Iran with emphasis on the Poetry of Ahmed Shamlou

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Today, identity politics is one of the most important analytic tools of social scientists. With this approach, they focus on political attitudes and interests of social groups who are mainly concerned with gender, race, ethnicity or religion. Attitude towards the female sexuality is one of the most important spectrums in their study. The epistemological development is rooted in the fundamental social changes and its understanding requires a careful study of some aspects in contemporary political literature of Iran. The main question of this study is the focus on gender in the contemporary political literature that may lead to the realm of identity politics in Iran. Any focus on identity and gender discourses will involve a critical analysis and application of the Fairclough’s model on Shamlou’s poems. Thus, a social scientist may tend to answer the questions of identity politics and gender issues. Our hypothesis is that Iranian society has gradually moved towards a new understanding of the concept of gender since the Constitutional Movement and it has helped the articulation of identity politics in Iran. The main manifestation of this politics should be sought in political literature which has always been an area for thinking due to the lack of civil society in the body polity of Iran.
Implementation of parallel and serial concatenated convolutional codes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Parallel concatenated convolutional codes (PCCCs), called "turbo codes" by their discoverers, have been shown to perform close to the Shannon bound at bit error rates (BERs) between 1e-4 and 1e-6. Serial concatenated convolutional codes (SCCCs), which perform better than PCCCs at BERs lower than 1e-6, were developed borrowing the same principles as PCCCs, including code concatenation, pseudorandom interleaving and iterative decoding. The first part of this dissertation introduces the fundamentals of concatenated convolutional codes. The theoretical and simulated BER performance of PCCC and SCCC are discussed. Encoding and decoding structures are explained, with emphasis on the Log-MAP decoding algorithm and the general soft-input soft-output (SISO) decoding module. Sliding window techniques, which can be employed to reduce memory requirements, are also briefly discussed. The second part of this dissertation presents four major contributions to the field of concatenated convolutional coding developed through this research. First, the effects of quantization and fixed point arithmetic on the decoding performance are studied. Analytic bounds and modular renormalization techniques are developed to improve the efficiency of SISO module implementation without compromising the performance. Second, a new stopping criterion, SDR, is discovered. It is found to perform well with lowest cost when evaluating its complexity and performance in comparison with existing criteria. Third, a new type-II code combining automatic repeat request (ARQ) technique is introduced which makes use of the related PCCC and SCCC. Fourth, a new code-assisted synchronization technique is presented, which uses a list approach to leverage the simplicity of the correlation technique and the soft information of the decoder. In particular, the variant that uses SDR criterion achieves superb performance with low complexity. Finally, the third part of this dissertation discusses the FPGA-based implementation of the turbo decoder, which is the fruit of cooperation with fellow researchers.
Accidental monensin toxicosis in horses in Mozambique : short communication

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Horses on several farms in Mozambique were inadvertently fed with a concentrate containing 69 ppm monensin. The horses developed acute signs of toxicity and several died. The animals were depressed, anorectic and paretic before death. Epistaxis was observed in 1 case. Petechial haemorrhages were present in the muscles, heart, lungs, gastrointestinal tract and spleen in 3 horses necropsied. No significant histopathological cardiac and skeletal muscle lesions were seen, except in 1 case, in which there was focal loss of myofibrils.
Assessment of the appropriateness of requested radiological examinations for outpatients and the potential financial consequences of guideline application.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether requested radiological examinations for referred outpatients are in concordance with the guidelines as proposed by the consilium radiologicum. A second purpose was to evaluate the financial effect of strict guideline application. The radiological requests for 1000 referrals were evaluated by 2 radiologists. A consensus score of 74.4% guideline conformity was reached. A mean save of 9.5 Euro per patient was calculated after strict guideline application. It is concluded that guidelines are a valuable tool for patient management in referring for radiological examinations and have a substantial effect on the available budget. Further improvements and fine-tuning of the guidelines are mandatory to increase their validity.
Bifurcation of a Cracked Rotor-bearing System under Unbalanced Magnetic Pull

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Electromagnetic vibration in rotating machinery is endowed with nonlinear characteristic due to the mechanic and electromagnetic coupling.According to the nonlinear relation of unbalance magnetic pull(UMP) with respect to rotor eccentricity,an analytical expression of UMP is deduced and a kinetic equation is set up to express electromagnetic vibration characteristics of a cracked rotor-bearing system with nonlinear oil film.Numerical method is adopted to analyze bifurcation and chaos characteristics of the system.The influence of UMP and crack depth on rotor movement is analyzed through Poincare maps,amplitude spectrum and bifurcation diagrams.Simulation results reveal that dynamic responses of this system advance to occur due to UMP and the amplitude increases.The spectrum is composed of continuous and broad band frequencies.As crack depth increases,transitory chaotic motion of the rotor system appears in the sub-critical speed region.But the chaotic motion region decreases and its characteristics change around the critical speed,where period-doubling bifurcation almost disappears.And in the supercritical speed domain there is a long region for period-seven.It is indicated that this research may contribute to further understanding of failure mechanism of such a rotor-bearing system with the mechanic and electromagnetic coupling.
Causes of Blindness and Visual Impairment in Early Childhood at a Low Vision Service in Mexico City: A 15-year Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To evaluate the causes of blindness and visual impairment in children aged 0-7 years attending a Low Vision Centre in Mexico City, Mexico.Methods: Clinical records for patients aged 0-7 years attending the Centre from 2001 to 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Causes of blindness and visual impairment, affected anatomy, and suspected time period of insult were recorded.Results: 1487 patients were included, 45.9% girls and 54.1% boys. Mean age of presentation was 39 months (SD 27.9 months). 36.0% had associated co-morbidities in addition to their ophthalmic pathology. 39.7% presented with developmental or psychomotor delay. Leading diagnoses were Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) (19.6%), optic nerve atrophy (11.5%), and congenital cataract (9.5%). The most affected anatomical regions were retina (33.8%), optic nerve (16.6%), and lens (10.5%). Half of all cases (50.9%) had insults in the prenatal period. Children with developmental delay were more likely to present before the age of one. There is a significant difference in risk of delayed presentation according to diagnosis. Only 13.5% of children with optic nerve atrophy presented to the Centre before the age of one, compared to 28.4% of children with ROP and 23.4% of children with cataract.Conclusion: The most common diagnoses for blindness and visual impairment among children were ROP, optic nerve atrophy, and congenital cataract. Late presentation to the Centre was common. There were significant differences in risk of delayed presentation depending on diagnosis. Co-existing systemic conditions and developmental and psychomotor delay were also common among patients attending the Centre.
An Investigation of Drivers’ Dynamic Situational Trust in Conditionally Automated Driving

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Understanding how trust is built over time is essential, as trust plays an important role in the acceptance and adoption of automated vehicles (AVs). This study aims to investigate the effects of system performance and participants' trust preconditions on dynamic situational trust during takeover transitions. We evaluate the dynamic situational trust of 42 participants using both self-reported and behavioral measures while watching 30 videos with takeover scenarios. The study is a 3 by 2 mixed-subjects design, where the within-subjects variable is the system performance (i.e., accuracy levels of 95%, 80%, and 70%) and the between-subjects variable is the preconditions of the participants' trust (i.e., overtrust and undertrust). Our results showed that participants quickly adjusted their self-reported situational trust levels, which were consistent with different accuracy levels of system performance in both trust preconditions. However, participants' behavioral situational trust was affected by their trust preconditions across different accuracy levels. For instance, the overtrust precondition significantly increased the agreement fraction compared to the undertrust precondition. The undertrust precondition significantly decreased the switch fraction compared to the overtrust precondition. These results have important implications for designing an invehicle trust calibration system for conditional AVs.
With HYDAC on the way to Industrie 4.0: Industrie 4.0 based predictive maintenance

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Mednarodna konferenca Fluidna tehnika 2017, 14.-15. September, Maribor, Slovenija, Konferenčni zbornik. Mednarodna konferenca Fluidna tehnika je dvodnevni dogodek, ki je namenjen vsem, ki so na kakršenkoli način povezani s hidravličnimi ali pnevmatičnimi napravami in vsem tistim, ki želijo biti informirani o zadnjem stanju tehnike, o novih odkritjih, spoznanjih in ponudbi s področja hidravlike in pnevmatike. Srečanja strokovnjakov s področja hidravlike in pnevmatike potekajo pod okriljem Fakultete za strojništvo Univerze v Mariboru že od leta 1995. Konference so organizirane vsako drugo leto in so največji tovrstni dogodek ne samo v Sloveniji, temveč tudi v tem delu Evrope. Letošnja konferenca je potekala 14. in 15. septembra, že po tradiciji v Kongresnem centru Habakuk v Mariboru. Udeležencem mednarodne konference Fluidna Tehnika 2017 želimo obilo uspehov pri strokovnem delu v upanju, da smo tudi letos ponovno dodali še en kamenček v mozaiku fluidne tehnike.