jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Rapid assessment of bat diversity in the biological station 'Las Guacamayas' ('Laguna del Tigre' National Park, Guatemala)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) As part of the world biodiversity hotspot 'Meso-America', the country of Guatemala hosts a minimum of 100 bat species. However, the taxonomy and the systematic of Neotropical bats have recently undergone many changes and the knowledge about species diversity and distribution remains patchy. We report here the results of a bat survey conducted in November 2010 inside the biological station 'Las Guacamayas' ('Laguna del Tigre' National Park'). We used three survey methods: roost search, mist net capture as well as ultrasound recording. On the basis of recent taxonomic knowledge, we surveyed a minimum of 25 bat species belonging to seven different families, including two new families for the National Park (Natalidae and Vespertilionidae). We have identified several systematic and taxonomic changes: Carollia brevicauda for C. sowelli, Pteronotus parnellii for P. mesoamericanus, Rhogeesaa tumida for R. bickhami / menchuae, Sturnira lilium for S. parvidens and Uroderma bilobatum for U. convexum. Mist net captures and ultrasound recordings resulted in the identification of several new species. By combining the two inventories of the National Park and taking into account the taxonomic changes, we obtained a maximum of 31 species identified so far. Our survey improves the knowledge on bat diversity and distribution in Guatemala, with implications for their conservation.
The regulation of interferon-t production and uterine hormone receptors during early pregnancy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

During early pregnancy the bovine embryo must produce a protein called interferon τ which inhibits the development of the luteolytic mechanism. Failure to inhibit luteolysis is the major cause of pregnancy loss in cows. The embryo must produce sufficient quantities of interferon τ by about day 16 to prevent luteolysis. Its ability to achieve this is largely dependent on the pattern of maternal progesterone production. A late rise in progesterone after ovulation or poor progesterone secretion during the luteal phase results in the development of poor embryos capable of producing little or no interferon τ at the critical time. The embryo inhibits luteolysis by preventing development of oxytocin receptors on the luminal epithelium of the uterine endometrium and thus oxytocin-induced secretion of PGFV2α and by the induction of a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor within the endometrium. In sheep it has been hypothesised that interferon τ acts to inhibit endometrial oestrogen receptors and thus oestrogen-induced up-regulation of oxytocin receptors. In cows, the embryo inhibits the development of oxytocin receptors and the initiation of luteolysis without causing any change in uterine oestrogen receptors. Thus in the cow, the mechanism by which interferon τ inhibits oxytocin receptor development remains to be determined.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pengukuran Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Perbankan Syariah Berdasarkan Indeks Islamic Social Reporting (ISR)

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) program is an investment for companies for the growth and sustainability of the company and is no longer seen as a cost center but as a means to become a profit center.The implementation of CSR in banking industry has the goal of making CSR as one of the companies to regulate their business not only for the benefit of shareholders but for other stakeholders. In addition, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is also a challenge to maintain the company's reputation in the community.The issue of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) sticking out along with the development of a banking sector related to the need for disclosure of social responsibility in Islamic banking today, is widely discussed about the Islamic Social Reporting Index (ISR index). The ISR index contains compilation of standard items of CSR set by AAOIFI which were further developed by researchers regarding CSR items that should be disclosed by an Islamic entity. The Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) index is believed to be the initial benchmark in terms of disclosure standards for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) that are in accordance with the Islamic perspective. This research was conducted on Islamic banks in the Middle East region whose annual reports were announced through banking sites using a sample of Islamic bank annual reports published during the period 2015-2017.
[The effect of insulin-like growth factor-I on steroidogenesis and ultrastructures of cultured human granulosa cells in vitro].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

IGF-I possesses a positive effect on the steroidogenesis of cultured human granulosa cells in dose-dependent fashion which could be enhanced by combination of IGF-I and FSH. The ultrastructures of granulosa cells showed a tendency toward activation of steroidogenesis under the stimulation of IGF-I.
APPLICATION OF ONLINE SINGLE SUBMISSION (OSS) INNOVATION IN THE INTEGRATED INVESTMENT AND SERVICE OF BULUNGAN DISTRICT

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The application of one-stop integrated admission services at the Office of Investment and One-stop Integrated Services (Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu/DPMTSP) of the Bulungan District which has the aim of making it easy for the public or business actors to manage their licenses and accelerate the process of admission issuance services, just by visiting one agency. The research methods used are descriptive qualitative and the source of the data used are primary data sources in the form of in-depth interviews and field observations as well as secondary data sources of notes, reports, regulations obtained in the field. Methods of data collection using semi-structured interviews, observations, and documentation review. Data analysis techniques using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The validity of the data used triangulation namely time triangulation, source triangulation, and technical triangulation. The results showed that the application of public service innovation in the form of OSS services with research dimensions, including ICT connectivity, ICT use and integration, training, Human Resources capacity, local policies and regulations, infrastructure, security, access, and application services.
Residential electricity access : objective versus subjective measures of energy poverty in Texas

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Policymakers in developed countries are increasingly conscious of the pervasiveness of energy poverty, especially in the U.S. where 31% of households experienced energy poverty in 2015. Energy poverty is defined as households that do not have reliable, accessible, and affordable energy services and is especially prevalent among low-income households. The vagueness of this definition has created challenges for policymakers who must estimate the need for energy assistance programs. Historically, in Europe and the U.S., an energy expenditure to income ratio (i.e. objective energy burden) has been used to estimate energy poverty where individuals who spend greater than a certain threshold are energy poor. For instance, in Texas 22% of households spend more than 8% of their income on energy expenditures. However, researchers in Europe have argued that objective energy poverty measures do not capture household, demographic, and health characteristics that have increasingly been identified as drivers of energy poverty. Further they do not account for temporal and spatial variation in residential energy spending, pricing, or consumption patterns. Although survey studies in Europe have used subjective (i.e. stated) measures to identify individuals living in energy poverty, there have been no empirical quantitative analyses comparing energy poverty metrics in the U.S. Using survey data from the Texas Energy Poverty Research Institute this study: (1) compares the household, demographic, financial, and health indicators of objectively measured energy poverty to subjectively measured energy poverty, (2) compares objectively measured energy poverty as well as subjectively measured energy poverty to existing bill assistance eligibility criterion, and (3) analyzes the regional variation in percent of income spent on electricity expenditures. The findings reveal that while objectively and subjectively measured energy poverty are associated with each other, they are driven by different characteristics. The results also indicate regional variation, with individuals in Southwest Texas spending nearly twice as much of their income on their electricity bills as other regions. This study has implications for policymakers who must estimate the need for electricity assistance programs.
Community Structure in Grazed and Ungrazed Grassland Sites in the Flooding Pampa, Argentina

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

-We compared the community structure and composition of two contiguous grasslands, one that had been continuously grazed and one that had remained ungrazed since 1972. Basal cover was measured at both sites in 1976 and 1985. The structure of the grazed area was affected by grazing during these 9 years, which was indicated by the reduction of the cover of grasses and the increase of the cover of forbs and exotic species. In the ungrazed site more than 95% of the basal cover was due to monocots, and the species that dominated this site were seldom found in the grazed site. Large tussocks replaced smaller ones in the absence of cattle. The grazed community was more diverse than the ungrazed one at a small scale (5 m), but less diverse at a larger scale (20 m). Cool season species were always dominant in the grazed site, but in the ungrazed site warm season species dominated some patches and cool season species, others. We concluded that in the absence of grazing, different competitive equilibria may be attained in different patches, probably due to subtle environmental differences. In the grazed area, the effects of cattle upon the community may override environmental heterogeneity and prevent the achievement of competitive equilibrium.
MDT from GOCE

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A Mean Dynamic ocean Topography (MDT) has been computed using a high resolution GOCE
gravity model and a new mean sea surface obtained based on a multi‐mission analysis of satellite
altimetry and covering the period October 1992 till April 2010. The considered gravity model is a
pure GOCE gravity model, computed using 12 months of data. The GOCE gravity data allow for
more detailed and accurate estimates of MDT. This is illustrated in the Southern Ocean where the
calculation of geostrophic velocities from satellite data is now possible with higher accuracy and
spatial resolution. In order to assess the properties of the derived geostrophic velocity field,
velocities are compared with independent data from satellite tracked surface drifters in the area
of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC).
Cross-reactivity of monoclonal antibodies against phytochrome

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The cross-reactivity of diverse monoclon al antibodies against phytochrome from Zea and Avena was tested by enzyme-linked immunosor bentassay (ELISA) and by immunoblotting. About 40 antibodies were selected by means of nondena tured phytochrome; all of them reacted with sodi um dodecyl sulfate denatured homologous antigen on immunoblots. The epitopes for 14 antibodies (4 raised against Avena and 10 against Zea phyto chrome) were localized in 6 regions of the phyto chrome molecule by means of Western blot analy sis of proteolytic fragments of known localization. Results of studies on the inhibition of antibody binding by other antibodies were largely compati ble with these latter findings. Except in a few cases, inhibition occurred when antibodies were located on the same or a closely adjacent region. As dem onstrated by 16 species, cross-reactivity with phy tochromes from other Poaceae was high. Greater losses in cross-reactivity were observed only with antibodies recognizing an epitope in the vicinity of the carboxyl terminus of 118-kg mol1 phyto chrome. Cross-reactivity with phytochrome from
[Taking vulnerable plaque away, eradicating heart attack].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

20世纪90年代以来,随着对动脉粥样硬化(AS)危险因素的深入了解和积极控制,慢性心血管病的一级预防取得了令人鼓舞的进展.然而,急性心血管病事件(包括心脏性猝死和急性冠状动脉综合征)的一级预防仍缺乏有效的措施,全球每年近2000万人死于急性心血管病事件,大多数人事先并无症状.近年研究发现,导致急性心血管病事件的主要原因是AS斑块破裂和血栓形成,后者取决于斑块的易损性(vulnerability).为了深入地研究易损斑块的发生机制、诊断技术和防治措施,国际上成立了专门的学术组织--根除心脏病事件协会(AEHA)。
Nursing the postmodern body: A touching case

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Using touch as a medium for exploring the ways in which it is constructed by nurses, the body is here characterized by a plethora of competing and co‐existing terms: disobedient, obedient, mirroring, stigmatized, sinful, post‐mortem, sanitized, angelic, desexualized, dangerous, dominant, dominating, deceitful, submissive, disciplined, postmodern and communicative. We have tried to be provocative by juxtaposing contradictory messages and evoking conflicting emotions, and we hope that the reader will not assume that we believe everything we write, or that everything may be taken only at face value. There are as many messages and meanings in the paper as each reader thinks there are.
Design and Validation of a Fall Detection Application for iOS

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Despite significant preventative efforts, falls continue to be a major source of morbidity and mortality among the elderly. Additionally, the fear of falling can be a major obstacle to independent living for otherwise self-sufficient individuals. This fear is significantly heightened in individuals who have sustained a fall and often results in self-imposed restrictions on mobility and exercise, causing weakening in these individuals and further exacerbating the danger. Much time has been spent developing alert systems in an attempt to mitigate these problems. Unfortunately these systems typically involve dedicated monitoring centers and therefore often come with substantial upfront and recurring costs. This thesis proposes a solution to these problems by implementing fall detection and alert capabilities on a smartphone, devices that are quickly becoming ubiquitous in today’s society. This solution has the potential to quell the fears of many elderly people and their families, while allowing them to maintain their independence at little expense. Detailed herein is the process of designing, developing, and validating this fall detection application. The final application was written in Objective-C for iOS and tested on an iPhone.
A Review on Theory, Application and Evaluation of Three Brain Learning Methods

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

近年来脑科学领域发展迅速，在教育领域的应用日益广泛。本文对三种应用最广泛、影响力最大的脑学习方法——基于脑的学习、健脑操和赫尔曼全脑学习方法的理论依据、应用方法和实证结果进行介绍和评价，并对脑学习方法在教育领域的发展进行了展望。 Brain science is developing fast in recent decades, and having broader application in education field. This article introduces and evaluates theoretical foundation, application rules and empirical researches of brain-based learning, brain gym, and Herrmann whole brain learning, which are three most widely accepted methods of brain learning. Furthermore, we propose the forecast to future research and development on brain learning in pedagogy field.
Nominal condensation in legal texts of the European Union

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

L'article traite le phénomène de la condensation nominale, en tant que trait caractéristique du discours spécialisé, dans les textes juridiques rédigés par les institutions européennes. Il souligne la nature spécifique des textes juridiques et juridictionnels en tant que tels et vise à comparer le niveau de nominalisation constaté dans les versions parallèles des textes européens français et tchèques. L'article se pose la question de savoir pour quelle raison la mesure de nominalisation est tellement élevée même dans les versions tchèques de ces documents.
Development of a Neutralizing Antibody Response during Acute Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection and the Emergence of Antigenic Variants

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT We monitored the primary humoral response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and showed that, in addition to antibodies to p24 and gp41, antigens which form the basis of most diagnostic assays, the response included a significant antibody response directed to the gp120 region of the infecting viral quasispecies. When tested in a recombinant virus neutralization assay, these antibodies were capable of inhibiting viral growth. We found the primary viral quasispecies to solely utilize the CCR-5 chemokine receptor; however, recombinant viruses differed in their cytopathology and in their sensitivity to β-chemokine inhibition of viral growth. Sequence analysis of the gp120 open reading frames showed that amino acid changes in the C1 (D→G at position 62) and C4 (V→A at position 430) regions accounted for the phenotypic differences. These data demonstrate that early in infection, polymorphism exists in envelope glycoprotein coreceptor interactions and imply that therapeutic strategies targeted at this step in the viral life cycle may lead to rapid resistance.
‘One beer, one block’: concrete aspiration and the stuff of transformation in a Mozambican suburb

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract As the world's most used material, after water, cement is particularly good to think with. And as I show below, it may also be good to ‘become with’, especially across the Global South, where demand is soaring. In Africa, the continent with the fastest‐growing cement consumption at the moment, demand is expected to rise by 50 per cent over the next couple of years. The cement industry even refers to sub‐Saharan Africa as ‘the last cement frontier’, and speaks of cement as the continent's ‘new oil’. Fueling this consumption, alongside the spectacular projects of futuristic satellite cities, shopping malls, tower blocks, and ring roads, are the millions of small domestic construction projects increasingly visible on the landscape, especially the peri‐urban landscape. Although Mozambicans have long engaged with concrete as a politically and affectively charged material, this engagement now increasingly starts at the level of the bag of cement, as young people acquire cement to make their own concrete blocks, and eventually to build their own houses. Inspired by this ethnographic observation, this article is analytically driven by a wider interest in transformation. Based on research in a Mozambican suburb under expansion, it examines, through an analysis of changing domestic building practices, how the hope of achieving something – in a word, aspiration – congeals and materializes. Drawing on the literature on affect and materiality, I show how cement and concrete – as materials that young Mozambicans dream about, invest in, and play with – participate in shaping aspiration. In the end, I argue that the transformative outcome is very much the contingent result of an encounter, at a specific historical moment, between particular subjectivities and the materiality of cement and concrete.
The Use of Central Venous Oxygen Saturation Measurements in a Coronary Care Unit

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A technique for detecting changes in myocardial function in patients with myocardial infarction by serial measurements of central venous oxygen saturation is described. The results obtained in 27 patients are reported. Three cases representing uncomplicated myocardial infarction, myocardial infarction with congestive heart failure, and myocardial infarction with congestive heart failure and shock are presented. The theoretical basis for using central venous oxygen saturation as a guide to myocardial function is discussed.
Unjustifiable Justice: Caste, Oppression, and Violent Retaliation in Selected Malayalam Cinema

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Film is a reflection of cultural, political and ethical ideologies of society. But we always see bias towards the representation of particular gender and caste in movies which thereby create a distorted stereotypes in the audience. Dalit heroes and heroines are by themselves a rarity in the Malayalam cinemas. When they are represented, they are represented as a passive submissive subject. They always had upper-caste heroes as their saviours. Violence is always used by the privileged caste as an apparatus to humiliate a person and community belonging to the lower caste thereby implicating dalits are incapable of protecting themselves and their family. Caste and class become a possible source of abetment of violence. Movies show us that caste-based violence against dalits are always socially tolerated and excused. This article explores how movies utilize violence as a voice for the unheard, analysing narratives like Ayyappanum Koshiyum, Kala, and “Pra. Thoo. Mu.”, through the lens of Franz Fanon's potentialities of violence. Fanon theorises that violence enables the colonised to restructure their country politically and also, recreate themselves and resume a self-determining existence. The major characters in the movies aforementioned come from contrasting social background, one is the representative of the exploited and the other, a beneficiary of centuries of exploitation. Hence, we see violence embeds in itself a strong capacity for renewal and new life. This paper contends that while violence is not condoned, resistance is emphatically justified. Moreover, it delves into how upper castes employ violence to perpetuate dominance and discrimination, while Dalits deploy the same tool to assert their identity and hold oppressors accountable.
Money Laundering – Consequential Nature of Suspicious Transactions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper highlights the ambiguity of the concept of suspicious transactions and its complex nature. With the basics of the definition of suspicious transactions in the international context as their guidelines, national legislations attempt to accommodate the same content to their local conditions. The results of the chosen legislative will be shown through the statistical analysis of three Western European countries, alongside Croatia. Through the statistical analysis of the reports on suspicious transactions of the banking and non-financial sector, we wish to acknowledge the importance of suspicious transactions in the relationship between competent authorities and financial intelligence units, and their role in the further stages of the treatment of reported transactions where there is a suspicion of money laundering and financing of terrorism. Doing so inevitably raises the question of the level of awareness that the financial and non-financial institutions have reached in relation to the issue under discussion, and the potential for further development.