jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Tag Ontology Automatic Building for Semantic Searching of Services: a Case Study on Mashup Services

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The explosion of services like web services, APIs, Mashups, etc., makes how to find the right one you need a tough problem. Tags, as a kind of metadata have been widely used to annotate services. In this paper, we propose to use an ontology automatically built from tags to improve the performance of service searching. We use the famous Mashup directory, Programmable.com, to illustrate our approach: First, all metadata especially tags of mashups and APIs at Programmable.com are crawled and preprocessed by the suffix stripping algorithm to lower the noise. Second, a Mashup-Mashup Network (MMN) is constructed to represent the Mashups and their relationships. And the community detection technique in complex network theory is introduced to mine the community structures (the potential domains of these Mashups) in MMN. Based on the Mashup communities, we further group the tags into corresponding domains. Finally the tag ontology is built with reference to WordNet, and embedded in our own developed s oftware s ervice r egistry and r epository (S2R2), to improve the performance of service searching. Comprehensive experiments are also conduct to testify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Selective endothelin A receptor antagonism in patients with proteinuric chronic kidney disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Selective antagonists of Endothelin-1 receptors (ERA) have been tested in diabetic and nondiabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD). The SONAR trial (Study Of diabetic Nephropathy with AtRasentan) was the first randomized, phase 3, study assessing the long-term effect of ERA on CKD progression.Areas covered: We examine the ERA effects in proteinuric CKD. We discuss the results of the main clinical studies on ERA in CKD and offer an opinion on the findings of SONAR study and future perspectives in this field. We searched in PubMed and ISI Web of Science databases for including experimental and clinical studies that evaluated ERA in proteinuric CKD.Expert opinion: The SONAR study demonstrated that ERA confers protection against risk for CKD progression. This trial stimulated clinical research on ERA, to expand the therapeutic opportunities in CKD patients. Two novel phase 3 studies testing ERA in patients with glomerular disease are ongoing. Within the context of personalized medicine, we think it would be relevant to evaluate the effect of multiple treatments, including ERA, in proteinuric CKD patients. Testing ERA in clinical trials of novel design will also help at identifying the patients who would more benefit from these drugs.
SHORT COMMUNICATION Sporotrichosis: an Emergent Zoonosis in Rio de Janeiro

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

scratch by a sick cat. During the subsequent period from July 1998 to July 2000, 66 human, 117 cats and 7 dogs with sporotrichosis were diagnosed at the CPqHEC. Fifty-two humans (78.8%) reported contact with cats with sporotrichosis, and 31 (47%) of them reporting a history of a scratch or bite. This epi-demic, unprecedented in the literature, involving cats, dogs and human beings may have started insidi-ously before 1998. Key words: Sporothrix schenckii- sporotrichosis- emergent zoonosis- Rio de Janeiro- Brazil Sporotrichosis is a mycosis caused by the di-morphic fungus Sporothrix schenckii, which can infect many different animal species, including man. The most frequent clinical presentation of the disease in humans and animals is the cutaneous form with or without regional lymphatic involve-ment. Following traumatic implantation in the skin this organism can cause cutaneous or subcutane-ous infection which commonly shows lymphatic
RAPE SEED OIL TETRAHYDROFURFURYLESTERS

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The transesterification of vegetable oil using various kinds of alcohols is a simple and efficient renewable fuel synthesis technique. Products obtained by modifying natural triglycerides in transesterification reaction substitute fossil fuels and mineral oils. Currently the most significant is the biodiesel, a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters, which is obtained in a reaction with methanol, which in turn is obtained from fossil raw materials. In biodiesel production it would be more appropriate to use alcohols which can be obtained from renewable local raw materials. Ethanol rouses interest as a possible reagent, however, its production locally is based on the use of grain and therefore competes with food production so it would implicitly cause increase in food prices. Another raw material option is alcohols that can be obtained from furfurole. Furfurole is obtained in dehydration process from pentose sugars which can be extracted from crop straw, husk and other residues of agricultural production. From furfurole the tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA), a raw material for biodiesel, can be produced. By transesterifying rapeseed oil with THFA it would be possible to obtain completely renewable biodiesel with properties very close to diesel [2-4]. With the purpose of developing the synthesis of such fuel, in this work a three-stage synthesis of rapeseed oil tetrahydrofurfurylesters (ROTHFE) in sulphuric acid presence has been performed, achieving product with purity over 98%. The most important qualitative factors of ROTHFE have been determined - cold filter plugging point, cetane number, water content, Iodine value, phosphorus content, density, viscosity and oxidative stability.
A CASE OF PERIAPPENDICULAR ACTINOMYCOSIS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 71-year-old man was referred to the department because of a painful tumor of the right lower abdomen. Abdominal ultrasonography, barium enema study, and abdominal CT offered a suspecion of abdominal abscess caused by appendicitis or some malignant tumor of the large intestine. Emergency operation was carried out. The appendix was solid, swelled like a club, and was buried in the surrounding tissue. The excised specimen revealed no tumorous change. It was diagnosed as periappendicular abscess. On histopathological specimen an abscess formation around a grain of actinomycosis as the center was seen. Definitively the patient was diagnosed with periappendicular actinomycosis.
Subunit interactions of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase as determined by chemical cross-linking and site-directed mutagenesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum is a homodimer of 50-kDa subunits. Although a high-resolution 3D structure of the enzyme has not yet been reported, recent work from their laboratory with 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-disulfonate stilbene demonstrated an intrasubunit distance of 12 A between the active-site lysines at positions 166 and 329. To continue mapping distances between residues in the active-site region, they have modified the enzyme with 4,4'-difluoro-3,3'-dinitrophenyl sulfone, which spans 9 A. The inactivated carboxylase exhibits an unaltered molecular weight as judged by gel filtration, thereby excluding intermolecular cross-linking. However, in the presence of urea, gel filtration reveals a prominent species of 100-kDa, attributed to intersubunit cross-linking. The major chromophoric peptide has been isolated from a tryptic digest of the 100-kDa material. Sequence analyses reveal that the intersubunit cross-link occurs between Cys-58 and active-site Lys-166. In contrast to other substitutions by site-directed mutagenesis, replacement of Lys-166 with Asp prevents association of the two subunits, presumably as a consequence of repulsive forces between the thiolate and carboxylate anions. These observations suggest that each catalytic site may consist of residues from both subunits.
A Values-Based Approach to Capacity Assessment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The dominant approaches to assessing patients for decisional capacity in the clinical setting, the "four skills" and "sliding scale" models, emerged in the 1970s and 1980s against a backdrop of medical paternalism and reflect their origins in law and forensic psychiatry. They privilege rationality and require the ability to defend one's decisions with knowledge and argument. Unfortunately, these approaches place a heavy burden upon patients who may hold preferences consistent with their underlying values but may not possess the education or reasoning skills necessary to meet the heavy burden imposed by current capacity standards. This article reviews the shortcomings of the dominant models. Then the article proposes a novel value-based approach to capacity assessment that places primary emphasis upon the patient's underlying and longstanding values and the concordance of those values with the patient's current wishes and preferences.
Confessions of an inadequate researcher: space and supervision in research with learning disabled children

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Location is often at the fore of decision-making regarding fi eldwork and choice of methods. However, little research has directly discussed the importance of the choice of site in the production of research data, particularly concerning the way that diff erent relationships will manifest between researcher and participant in different spaces. Site may be particularly important in research with (learning disabled) children, as research location is intertwined with the level of caregiving required from the researcher, and the sorts of surveillance the research engagement may be subject to. This paper draws on research with learning disabled 6–16-year olds that took place in homes, schools and the outdoors, in a variety of microgeographical locations from bedrooms to nature reserves. This paper reflects on the challenges, including the very 'worst' research moments, occurring in the diff erent research environments. Whilst the research was carried out with learning disabled children and young people, the discussion has implications for research with non-disabled children and 'vulnerable' participants more broadly.
Susceptibility and Resistance of Various Species of Peromyscus (American Deer Mice) to Infection with Trypanosoma Hippicum, and the Possibility of Certain “Wild Mice” Being Reservoir Hosts to Pathogenic Trypanosomes 1

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

"Susceptibility and Resistance of Various Species of Peromyscus (American Deer Mice) to Infection with Trypanosoma Hippicum, and the Possibility of Certain “Wild Mice” Being Reservoir Hosts to Pathogenic Trypanosomes" published on Sep 1938 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
Six Women's Slave Narratives

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The History of Mary Prince, a West Indian Slave (1831) was the first female slave narrative from the Americas. The Story of Mattie J. Jackson (1866) recounts a quest for personal freedom and ends with a family reunion in the North after the Civil War. The Memoir of Old Elizabeth, a Colored Woman (1863) is the tale of a ninety-seven-year-old ex-slave who became a preacher. Lucy A. Delaney's From the Darkness Cometh the Light or Struggles for Freedom (c. 1891) records a former slave's achievements in the quarter-century after the end of the Civil War. Kate Drumgoold and Annie L. Burton also describe their successes in the post-war North while eulogizing black motherhood in the ante-bellum South.
Fuzzy mathematics based fusion method for accident reconstruction results

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The fusion of accident reconstruction results is crucial due to their inherent uncertainty. When there are potential risk results, there are few methods to deal with such cases. The characteristics of fuzzy mathematics are highly consistent with the uncertainty of accident reconstruction, so this paper proposed a fuzzy mathematics-based accident reconstruction results fusion method. This method first determines the membership function corresponding to each model result based on the obtained model reconstruction results and subintervals. Based on the membership functions, the relationship between subinterval and model result is transformed into fuzzy set. Afterward, it calculates the value of the evaluation index of the fuzzy set. When the obtained value is low, consider that the model reconstruction result corresponding to this value may be a potential risk result, and its probability proportion needs to be reduced. Then combine it with the fuzzy set operation to obtain the final fuzzy set expression. Finally, it normalizes the membership degree in the fuzzy set expression, and the resulting can be considered as the probability of the subintervals of the final fusion results. Both numerical and real case results show that the proposed method can ensure that the final fused results follow a normal distribution in the process of fusing accident reconstruction results. A further analysis demonstrates that the presence of more than two asymmetric membership functions causes the final fusion results to not follow a normal distribution. The research and analysis provide support for reaching more objective accident reconstruction results.
Effect of anticancer agents on codeinone-induced apoptosis in human cancer cell lines.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The possible apoptosis-inducing activity of codeinone, an oxidative metabolite of codeine, without or with anticancer drugs, was investigated. Codeinone induced internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60), but not in human squamous cell carcinoma cells (HSC-2). Codeinone dose-dependently activated caspase-3 in both of these cells, but to a much lesser extent than that attained by actinomycin D. This property of codeinone was similar to what we have found previously in alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones. Codeinone did not activate caspase-8 or caspase-9 in these cells. The cytotoxic activity of codeinone against HSC-2 cells was inhibited by N-acetyl-L-cysteine, but somewhat additively stimulated by sodium ascorbate, epigallocatechin gallate, hydrogen peroxide, sodium fluoride, 5-fluorouridine, cisplatin, doxorubicin and methotrexate. These data suggest that codeinone has possible antitumor potential, in addition to its action as a narcotic analgesic, even though it induces incomplete apoptosis-associated characteristics.
Multilayer Adsorption

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Using an exponential distribution function for the energy of the adsorption sites on a heterogeneous surface, an equation for multilayer adsorption is obtained. The basic assumptions are similar to those of the Frenkel‐Halsey‐Hill model (FHH). The equation deduced here is however somewhat different: a (θ + B ) r term appears instead of the FHH θ r term, where θ is the coverage, B is a constant related to the parameters of the exponential distribution function, and r is the exponent governing the decrease of energy with increasing distance from the surface. The addition of constant B to θ improves the linearity of the usual logarithmic plot of the equation and increases the value of r as compared with that from the FHH equation. The model is applied to the analysis of adsorption isotherms of N 2 at 77 K on SiO 2 and Sc 2 O 3 . Values obtained for r are close to 3, the theoretical exponent for the interaction due to dispersion forces.
THE ROLE OF WATER IN ISFAHAN: A STUDY OF SAMPLES OF BRIDGES AND DAMS ON ZÂYANDÉ-RÛD

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper is aimed to study the main characteristics of the bridges in Isfahan at the Safavid Period through an archeological scope, along with adopting other scientific methods to have a holistic vision of the creativity of the bridges around the most important river in Iran plateau.
Relation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation to the ACTH-Suppressing Effects of Corticosteroid Implants in the Rat Brain

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Systemically ineffective amounts of a cortisol acetate emulsion or pellets of corticosterone or dexamethasone were placed in various regions of the ventricular system of the rat. One or 2 days later the effect on ether-induced ACTH secretion was estimated indirectly by measuring plasma corticosterone changes. Injections of cortisol acetate or implants of dexamethasone were effective in suppressing ACTH secretion when placed into the lateral ventricle but not if placed immediately adjacent to the ventricle. Injections of cortisol acetate into the temporal horn of the ventricle were effective in suppressing ACTH secretion. Implants of corticosterone acetate in the third ventricle were also effective. Implants of this steroid in the tissue immediately adjacent to the third ventricle were effective, but the effectiveness decreased with increasing distances of the implants laterally from the third ventricle. Injections of cortisol acetate into the cisterna cerebellomedullaris were ineffective. It is suggested that reported extrahypothalamic feedback receptor sites in the rat forebrain can be explained on the basis of transport of corticosteroid from the sites of placement through the ventricular system to a single feedback site located in the basal hypothalamus or anterior pituitary. (Endocrinology85: 200, 1969)
Modelling Axisymmetric Centrifugal Compressor Characteristics From First Principles

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Turbochargers are a vital component for aiding engine manufacturers in meeting the latest emissions standards. However, their range of operation is limited for low mass flows by compressor surge. Operation in surge results in pressure and mass flow oscillations that are often damaging to the compressor and its installation. Since surge is a highly complex flow regime, full unsteady 3D models are generally too computationally expensive to run. The majority of current low-dimensional surge models use a cubic compressor characteristic that needs to be fitted to experimental data. Therefore, each time a compressor is studied using these models, costly experimental testing is required. In this paper, a new technique for obtaining an axisymmetric centrifugal compressor characteristic is presented. This characteristic is built using the equations of mass, momentum and energy from first principles in order to provide a more complete model than those currently obtained via experimental data. This approach enables us to explain the resulting cubic-like shape of the characteristic and hence to identify impeller inlet stall as a route into surge. The characteristic is used within a quasi-steady, map-based surge model in order to demonstrate its ability to predict the onset of surge while only providing geometric data as input. Validation is provided for this model by discussion of the qualitative flow dynamics and a good fit to experimental data, especially for low impeller speeds and pressure ratios.
Diet Recommendation System for Human Health Using Machine Learning

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In the past and present generation, the change in lifestyle of young people, less number of physical activities and eating fast food led to an alarming increase of diseases especially with college students. The unhealthy diet of students is responsible for unbalanced weight. The body mass index is used to classify a person's mass or weight as underweight, normal weight, over weight and obese based on tissue mass (bone, fat, and muscle) and height. Underweight leads to malnutrition, vitamin deficiencies, decrease in immune system function, growth issues and development issues. Major risk of being overweight leads to type-2 diabetes. Machine learning algorithms can solve many health problems. The project suggests the creation of an electronic college nurse that can perform the same functions as a human college nurse. This e-nurse will track students' health by utilizing BMI measurements, identify health issues like Type-2 diabetes by utilizing machine learning algorithms, and create a customized e-learning program that focuses on healthy habits such as regular exercise and a nutritious diet. These e-learning modules will be incorporated at appropriate intervals during the students' academic journey.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Diagnosis of Digital Flexor Tendon Rupture After Primary Repair

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Because the clinical diagnosis of rupture of a digital flexor tendon was uncertain 10 days after primary repair, magnetic resonance imaging was used for evaluation, correlating precisely with the surgical pathology. This non-invasive tool can be very helpful in the early post-operative period when active flexion is not possible to aid in the clinical diagnosis of tendon rupture.
From project-based to community-based social impact assessment: New social impact assessment pathways to build community resilience and enhance disaster risk reduction and climate action

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Social impact assessment can greatly contribute to sustainable regional and urban planning. However, social impact assessment is used primarily in the context of pre-determined projects, while social impact assessment’s role in informing regional and urban plans before projects are even conceived is under-estimated. Moreover, a narrow understanding of the social impacts of projects leads social impact assessment practitioners to consider such impacts as being the outcomes only of the technical characteristics and risks of projects and their implementation, rather than also of broader social, cultural and political-institutional processes. In this article, we reflect on these gaps in social impact assessment. We expand the conceptualization of the social impacts of projects to better consider how social impacts are also influenced by the social dimensions of risk and resilience, and by the knowledge processes and governance strategies that inform and regulate projects. We conceptualize these processes and strategies and design new conceptual models to derive the social impacts of projects. Finally, we reflect on the strategic role social impact assessment can have in enabling social learning and sustainability transformation in localities (i.e. community resilience) and across multiple governance levels (i.e. social resilience). With this article, we contribute to building a key role for social impact assessment in disaster risk reduction, climate action and sustainable development.
How community-like is the structure of synthetically generated graphs?

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Social-like graph generators have become an indispensable tool when designing proper evaluation methodologies for social graph applications, algorithms and systems. Existing synthetic generators have been designed to produce data with characteristics similar to those found in real graphs, such as power-law degree distributions, a large clustering coefficient or a small diameter. However, real social networks are organized into higher level structures, called communities, that are not explicitly considered by these generators. In this paper, we study the statistical features of the community structure found in real social networks, and compare them to those generated by the LFR and LDBC-DG generators. We found that communities show multimodal features, and thus are hard to generate with simple community models. According to our results LDBC-DG draws realistic community distributions, even reproducing the multimodality observed.