jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial resistance, pathogenic potential, and genomic features of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in Chile: high-risk ST25 clones and novel mobile elements

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Multidrug- and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR- Kp ) are critical threats to global health and key traffickers of resistance genes to other pathogens. Despite the sustained increase in CR- Kp infections in Chile, few strains have been described at the genomic level, lacking details of their resistance and virulence determinants and the mobile elements mediating their dissemination. In this work, we studied the antimicrobial susceptibility and performed a comparative genomic analysis of 10 CR- Kp isolates from the Chilean surveillance of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae . High resistance was observed among the isolates (five ST25, three ST11, one ST45, and one ST505), which harbored 44 plasmids, most carrying genes for conjugation and resistance to several antibiotics and biocides. Ten plasmids encoding carbapenemases were characterized, including novel plasmids or variants with additional resistance genes, a novel genetic environment for bla KPC-2 , and plasmids widely disseminated in South America. ST25 K2 isolates belonging to CG10224, a clone traced back to 2012 in Chile, which recently acquired bla NDM-1 , bla NDM-7 , or bla KPC-2 plasmids stood out as high-risk clones. Moreover, this corresponds to the first report of ST25 and ST45 Kp producing NDM-7 in South America and ST505 CR- Kp producing both NDM-7 and KPC-2 worldwide. Also, we characterized a variety of genomic islands carrying virulence and fitness factors. These results provide baseline knowledge for a detailed understanding of molecular and genetic determinants behind antibiotic resistance and virulence of CR -Kp in Chile and South America. IMPORTANCE In the ongoing antimicrobial resistance crisis, carbapenem-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae are critical threats to public health. Besides globally disseminated clones, the burden of local problem clones remains substantial. Although genomic analysis is a powerful tool for improving pathogen and antimicrobial resistance surveillance, it is still restricted in low- to middle-income countries, including Chile, causing them to be underrepresented in genomic databases and epidemiology surveys. This study provided the first 10 complete genomes of the Chilean surveillance for carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae in healthcare settings, unveiling their resistance and virulence determinants and the mobile genetic elements mediating their dissemination, placed in the South American and global K. pneumoniae epidemiological context. We found ST25 with K2 capsule as an emerging high-risk clone, along with other lineages producing two carbapenemases and several other resistance and virulence genes encoded in novel plasmids and genomic islands.
Comparison of insight in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar I disorder, and major depressive disorder in a real-world setting

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: In this study, we intended to compare the insight in patients with schizophrenia (SCH), bipolar I disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2017 to July 2018. We recruited 102 patients with SCH (n = 55), BD (n = 25), and major depression (n = 22) to assess insight with the Taiwanese version of Self-Appraisal of Illness Questionnaire (SAIQ), and to test the differences of those patient groups. Results: Patients with SCH had a significantly lower average SAIQ score compared with MDD (25.95 ± 9.70 vs. 36.38 ±7.75, p < 0.01), but no significant difference existed in patients between the SCH and bipolar disorder. For the SAIQ worry subscale, patients with SCH (p < 0.05) and those with bipolar disorder (p < 0.01) had significant lower scores than those with major depression. For the need for treatment subscale, patients with SCH had significantly lower scores than those with bipolar disorder (p < 0.05) and those with major depression (p < 0.05). For the presence/outcome of illness subscale, patients with SCH had significant lower scores than those with bipolar disorder (p < 0.01) and those with major depression (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Patients with SCH had lower total insight as well as individual domain than patients with MDD. Patients with SCH had poorer insight than those with bipolar disorder in need for treatment and presence/outcome of illness, but not in the worry subscale. The significant difference in patients with BD and those with major depression were on the worry domain.
Impacts of Roads and Corridors on Abundance and Movement of Small Mammals on the Llano Estacado of Texas

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract On the Llano Estacado of Texas, roads and agricultural development have divided once continuous prairie into a patchwork of habitats that differ in size and use. In an agricultural matrix, populations of small mammals were studied to assess effects of roads and corridors on movement and dispersal. During 52,416 trap nights and by tracking mammals dusted with fluorescent powder, we investigated frequency that animals crossed roads and irrigated crop circles. Sites bisected by wide roads with corridors had greater richness; whereas, sites divided by narrow roads with corridors had a significantly greater abundance of hispid cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus). Based on our studies using powder-tracking, only reproductively active males of North American deermice (Peromyscus maniculatus) and western harvest mice (Reithrodontomys megalotis) moved significantly more along roads than away from or toward roads. Our results suggest that unfarmed crop corners are valuable habitat for wildlife; small mammals present may be impacted differentially by type of roadways that are present.
Investigation of Digital Calibration Certificate - Digital Test Report Sharing in Metrology Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the development of technology, digitalization studies have begun in metrology applications, and digital certificates in accordance with the ISO 17025 standard have started to be produced. There is a need for a platform where digital calibration certificates (DCC) / digital test report (DTR) produced today and to be created in the future are shared. In this study, the topics that digital calibration certificates / digital test report must include according to the ISO 17025 standard are explained, and information is given about the Blockchain structure, which is currently widely used in the financial field. The Blockchain platform suggested for use as a digital calibration certificates / digital test report sharing platform for metrological needs is given in this publication. Suggestions on how to run the process for using Blockchain in digital calibration certificates / digital test report sharing are also given in this study.
The Impact of the Drive Mode of a Hybrid Drive System on the Share of Electric Mode in the RDC Test

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The share of hybrid and electric powertrains in the market increases continuously. In local driving conditions, electric vehicles are zero-emission, yet their regular use requires an infrastructure allowing the recharging of high-voltage batteries. Hybrid vehicles also allow the use of the electric drive; however, when the high-voltage battery is low, a combustion engine is used to recharge it. Hybrid powertrains do not require any changes in the infrastructure, nor do they force any changes in the driver's habits. The use of a hybrid vehicle may, however, reduce the operating time of the combustion engine, thus contributing to the reduction of fuel consumption. This reduction of fuel consumption results from a specifically selected energy flow strategy in hybrid systems. This strategy was the focus of the research performed to identify the energy flow conditions in a hybrid drive system under driving conditions corresponding to the RDE test. A Ford Fusion vehicle was tested in two drive modes determining the related energy flow conditions, including the operating conditions of the electric motors, the combustion engine and the battery. The energy balance was determined to take into account the high-voltage battery discharge and charging energy as well as the energy recovered during regenerative braking. It was found that under the RDC test conditions, the vehicle operates in the electric mode for over 40% of the distance and 65% of the drive time, with the energy balance of the vehicle being positive (SOCend &gt; SOCstart). Additionally, it was indicated that the time operated in the electric mode when driving in urban conditions is approx. 80% and decreases to approx. 20% for highway conditions.</div></div>
Deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying the plasma membrane targeting of PRMT8

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Arginine methylation plays crucial roles in many cellular functions including signal transduction, RNA transcription, and regulation of gene expression. Protein arginine methyltransferase 8 (PRMT8), a unique brain-specific protein, is localized to the plasma membrane. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying PRMT8 plasma membrane targeting remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the N-terminal 20 amino acids of PRMT8 are sufficient for plasma membrane localization and that oligomerization enhances membrane localization. The basic amino acids, combined with myristoylation within the N-terminal 20 amino acids of PRMT8, are critical for plasma membrane targeting. We also found that substituting Gly-2 with Ala [PRMT8(G2A)] or Cys-9 with Ser [PRMT8(C9S)] induces the formation of punctate structures in the cytosol or patch-like plasma membrane localization, respectively. Impairment of PRMT8 oligomerization/dimerization by Cterminal deletion induces PRMT8 mis-localization to the mitochondria, prevents the formation of punctate structures by PRMT8(G2A), and inhibits PRMT8(C9S) patch-like plasma membrane localization. Overall, these results suggest that oligomerization/dimerization plays several roles in inducing the efficient and specific plasma membrane localization of PRMT8. [BMB Reports 2019; 52(10): 601-606].
Deficits of semantic control disproportionately affect low-relevance conceptual features: evidence from semantic aphasia

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background \nThe ability to efficiently select specific aspects of our semantic representations that are relevant for current goals or the context is supported by semantic control processes (controlled semantic cognition framework). This semantic control component is impaired in patients with semantic aphasia, who have multimodal semantic impairment following left hemisphere stroke and are highly sensitive to the control demands of semantic tasks. However, relatively little is known about how this control deficit interacts with aspects of semantic representation. \n \nAims \nHere we tested whether the relevance of semantic features can influence the demands of control resources in the selection of information within the semantic store in patients with semantic aphasia. \n \nMethods & Procedure \nParticipants performed a feature selection task, where they were asked to indicate which of three features was semantically related to a given concept. \n \nOutcomes & Results \nWe found that patients with semantic aphasia had a greater impairment on low relevance features, suggesting that the selection of target features with low relevance requires greater semantic control than target features with high relevance. \n \nConclusions \nOur results confirm the necessity of control processes for the selection of aspects of conceptual knowledge that are only weakly activated within semantic storage when these are task-relevant. The study therefore highlights that semantic cognition emerges from the interaction of control and representational systems.
Voice- and swallowing-related symptoms after total thyroidectomy: evidence from a Brazilian national survey

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Purpose: to estimate the prevalence of voice- and swallowing-related symptoms in women submitted to total thyroidectomy. Methods: a population-based, observational, cross-sectional, analytical study, based on a Brazilian national survey. A total of 252 women, aged 18 to 58 years, submitted to total thyroidectomy, residing in the five geographical regions of the country participated in the study. All of them answered the version of the Thyroidectomy-Related Voice Questionnaire translated and adapted into Brazilian Portuguese, besides questions on demographic and clinical issues. A descriptive analysis of the categorical and quantitative variables was conducted. The relationship between the total TVQ score and the independent variables was analyzed with the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The significance level used was 5%. Results: the most prevalent symptoms were, tired voice, after talking for a long time (50%), and dry mouth/thirst (43.3%). The voice-related symptoms were more prevalent than those related to swallowing. The total TVQ score was not related to age group (p=0.141), profession (p=0.213), region of residence (p=0.303), time since surgery (p=0.955), and radiotherapy/radioiodine therapy (p=0.666). Conclusion: Brazilian women submitted to total thyroidectomy have a high prevalence of voice- and swallowing-related symptoms, the former being predominant.
The Development of Health Criminal Law in The Perspective of Dignified Justice: What and How?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Health criminal law in Indonesia has developed significantly since the colonial era until now, marked by the birth of various laws and regulations governing criminal aspects in the health sector. This research aims to analyze the development of health criminal law in Indonesia from the perspective of dignified justice, as well as identify challenges and formulate efforts needed in developing health criminal law in line with the principles of dignified justice. This research uses a normative legal research method with a statutory and conceptual approach, examining primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials through literature studies. Data analysis was conducted qualitatively with a descriptive-analytical approach, involving the process of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study explain that the development of health criminal law in Indonesia shows a significant evolution, from limited arrangements in the Criminal Code of colonial heritage to comprehensive laws such as Law No. 36/2009 on Health. The perspective of dignified justice is reflected in efforts to balance the protection of patient rights, the professionalism of health workers, and the interests of society. Although there has been progress, there are still challenges such as the application of the ultimum remedium principle, the balance of rights protection, and adaptation to the development of health technology. Efforts to develop health criminal law in line with the principles of dignified justice require a thorough evaluation of criminal provisions, capacity building of law enforcement officers, development of regulations that are sensitive to the diversity of health practices, and collaboration between stakeholders to deal with the complexity of contemporary health issues.
Knowledge-Controlled Version Selection in Software Configuration Management.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the paper, the question of effective automated version selection is tackled. It is an important part of a method for building a software configuration. The paper concentrates on the method for version selection which allows specifying requirements which refer to properties of versions. It is controlled by knowledge in form of heuristic functions serving as necessary condition and suitability condition for selection. We present the method and describe its application in selecting software components.
The Neurotic Spectator who Eroticises

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter, and the following two, represent three 'versions' of the film spectator located in a site of madness. Our concern here is the ways in which the cinematic spectator is formed within a context of obsession and neurosis. This will be followed by a chapter on spectatorship and transgression (psychosis), and one on spectatorship and the body (hysteria). All three chapters have the common aim of considering how the cinema spectator can be reinterpreted as involving the sorts of madness discussed in the opening chapter. Further, we are also interested in why and how there can be pleasure in experiencing images and narratives that cause displeasure. To arrive at this we must initially work through some of the issues of obsessional neurosis, tracking some of the key points.
Current situation and prospect of research on bacteria-fermented douchi

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Douchi is a kind of traditional non-staple foodstuffs produced by microbial fermentation,which can be classified as Mucor fermented douchi,Aspergillus fermented douchi,bacteria-fermented douchi and Neurospora fermented douchi based on the microorganisms involved in the preparation of Qu. The nutritional value,functional components and bacterial stains in the production of bacteria-fermented douchi were summarized. Besides, the safety control during douchi production and the future prospects were discussed.
Is it Possible to Describe Economical Phenomena by Methods of Statistical Physics of Open Systems?

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The methods of statistical physics of open systems are used for describing the time dependence of economic characteristics (income, profit, cost, supply, currency etc.) and their correlations with each other. Nonlinear equations (analogies of known reaction-diffusion, kinetic, Langevin equation) describing appearance of bifurcations, self-sustained oscillational processes, self-organizations in economic phenomena are offered.
The rough Hawkes process

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This article studies the properties of Hawkes process with a gamma memory kernel and a shape parameter 𝛼∈(0,1]. This process, called rough Hawkes process, is nearly unstable since its intensity diverges to +∞ for a very brief duration when a jump occurs. First, we find conditions that ensure the stability of the process and provide a closed form expression of the expected intensity. Second, we next reformulate the intensity as an infinite dimensional Markov process. Approximating these processes by discretization and then considering the limit leads to the Laplace transform of the point process. This transform depends on the solution of an elegant fractional integro-differential equation. The fractional operator is defined by the gamma kernel and is similar to the left-fractional Riemann-Liouville integral. We provide a simple method for computing the Laplace transform. This is easily invertible by discrete Fourier transform so that the probability density of the process can be recovered. We also propose two methods of simulation. We conclude the article by presenting the log-likelihood of the rough Hawkes process and use it to fit hourly Bitcoin log-returns from 9/2/18 to 9/2/23.
Guided Autobiography with the Elderly

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Inspired by my experiences as a leader and instructor of various forms of life review groups and classes, this article provides the reader with a conceptual and experiential introduction to the uses of guided autobiography with the elderly. Functions and forms of and guidelines and methods for guided autobiography are examined. Seen as a historical and psychological process, guided autobiography is considered from a gerontological perspective. Specific topics and techniques for the facilitation of the life review process are recommended.
A vision of dew point evaporative cooling: Opportunities and challenges

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The increasing energy demand for air-conditioning systems has prompted a need to find an energy-efficient alternative to conventional vapor compression cooling systems. Dew point evaporative cooling (DPEC) is an advanced configuration of indirect evaporative cooling (IEC) technology, which has been regarded as a game changer. This vision paper presents recent progress, prevailing challenges, and prospective directions for the advancement of this technology. After a general introduction and a brief overview of the current knowledge, open issues are discussed in five aspects: i) optimizing channel configuration; ii) improving the precision of numerical modelling; iii) developing advanced wetting materials with superior thermal transfer properties; iv) enhancing energy efficiency; v) minimising the physical footprint and energy consumption of the hybrid systems. In each aspect, a brief description of the existing knowledge and the current research status is provided while remarking on their importance in applications. Subsequently, key challenges are highlighted, and promising avenues for future research are delineated. The identified challenges include trade-offs between thermal and economic performance in the structure optimisation, advanced model development, durability and service to new wicking materials, energy efficiency in the water reduction and intermittent water spray technique, and physical footprint and energy consumption of hybrid systems.
Limestone olistoliths in the Kildrummie Formation near Cow Flat, New South Wales.

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Cow Flat limestone quarries, south \f Bathurst expose massJJfe tabular megaliths (up to 750m long) of coarsely granular l\jnestoae designjjted aar Kildrummie Formation (formerly Group) .These blocks are encloseoTS*ith^ilfi8Amli^j><^olcaniclastic unit of the Campbells Formation.Facies characteristics of the silicic volcaniclastics suggest that they are deep-water massflow deposits.Structural relations of limestones to host volcaniclastics indicates that the former are allochthonous blocks (olistoliths) .The silicic volcaniclastics and limestones are correlated with the shallow-marine Late Silurian Mullions Range Volcanics on the western side of the Hill End Trough, northwest of Cow Flat.It is suffested that at this timme the Hill End Trough had a southward sloping basin floor.This and other occurrences of limestone olistoliths in the deep-marine areas flanking the Molong Rise may have resulted from vertical movements associated with the Late Silurian Bowning Orogeny, or from collapse of unstable fault scarps bordering the rifting Hill End Trough.
Featuring ACE2 binding SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 through a conserved evolutionary pattern of amino acid residues

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Spike (S) glycoproteins mediate the coronavirus entry into the host cell. The S1 subunit of S-proteins contains the receptor-binding domain (RBD) that is able to recognize different host receptors, highlighting its remarkable capacity to adapt to their hosts along the viral evolution. While RBD in spike proteins is determinant for the virus–receptor interaction, the active residues lie at the receptor-binding motif (RBM), a region located in RBD that plays a fundamental role binding the outer surface of their receptors. Here, we address the hypothesis that SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 strains able to use angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) proteins have adapted their RBM along the viral evolution to explore specific conformational topology driven by the residues YGF to infect host cells. We also speculate that this YGF-based mechanism can act as a protein signature located at the RBM to distinguish coronaviruses able to use ACE2 as a cell entry receptor. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma