jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Carbon dioxide dissociation using TM<inf>011</inf> cavity mode atmospheric microwave plasma

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Summary form only given. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is the primary greenhouse gas that is responsible for global warming. It accounts for 84% of all US greenhouse gas emitted mainly due to fossil fuel combustion. One way to mitigate the environmental effects due to CO 2 is to dissociate it into Carbon monoxide (CO) and Oxygen (O) using atmospheric microwave plasma. Advantages of atmospheric microwave plasma include reduction in the capital cost of equipment and elimination of constraints imposed by vacuum compatibility, generation of highly active species, and electrodeless power coupling. In this paper, we present an atmospheric microwave plasma system based on a TM 011 cavity mode for CO 2 dissociation. Analytical calculations, modeling, and design of the system will be described.
Hadronic corrections to the annihilation rate of heavy vector mesons to lepton pairs

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Hadronic corrections to the annihilation rate of heavy vector mesons to lepton pairs are considered to leading nontrivial order in gluon exchange and in the quark-confining potential. It is shown that, to an excellent approximation, the rate is $\ensuremath{\Gamma}(V\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{l}^{+}{l}^{\ensuremath{-}})\ensuremath{\simeq}(\frac{16\ensuremath{\pi}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{2}{{e}_{Q}}^{2}}{{M}^{2}}){|{\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{0}(r=\frac{1}{m})|}^{2}$, where $M\ensuremath{\simeq}2m$ is the vector-meson mass and ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{0}(r)$ is the solution of the zeroth-order nonrelativistic quark-antiquark bound-state problem. This has the effect of reducing the Van Royen-Weisskopf prediction for the rate.
Molecular taxonomic classification of gliding bacteria isolated from diseased cultured flounder.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The molecular taxonomy of representative strains of gliding bacteria classified into two groups as Flexibacter maritimus (Group I) and Flexibacter sp. (Group II) in a previous report was determined. The average percent guanine plus cytosine (% G + C) of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of Group I was 32.24 which was within the range reported for F. maritimus. Though Group II had lower% G + C of 29.38, it was not significantly different from that of Group I. Polynucleotide sequence analysis determined by optical measurement of renatured DNA showed high homology values from 92 to 100 % among strains of Group I and Group II. In addition, the average similarity value derived from numerical taxonomy study was 82.7%. Based on these results, the two groups of gliding bacteria isolated from diseased cultured flounder are considered to belong to the same species of F. maritimus.
Sex and age dependent migration phenology of the Pied Flycatcher in a stopover site in the Carpathian Basin

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Very little is known about Pied Flycatchers crossing the Carpathian Basin. We give a comprehensive picture about its migration based on the data collected during the past 26 years (1989–2014) at a stopover site in Hungary: (1) sex and age related phenological changes over the years, (2) sex, age and size dependent migration patterns during and (3) between migration periods, (4) sex and age composition in spring and in autumn and their change over years. The timing of spring migration shifted to earlier dates in the case of males, while that of females did not change implying an increasing rate of protandry. In autumn the timing did not change, but juveniles leave the area earlier than adults. The average wing length increased during the past decades in spring in the case of both sexes. In autumn, wing length did not change significantly during the years, but it increased during the seasons in all age and gender groups. The proportion of males is about 60% in spring and among juveniles in autumn, and it is around 39% in the adult group in autumn. The male ratio diminishes during spring, but it does not change during the autumn season. The average wing of adults is shorter in spring than in autumn. Based on this fact and the different sex ratios in the two seasons we may hypothesize that Pied Flycatchers are loop migrants on this area, and even the sexes of the same population take different routes.
Data from Association of Cancer Susceptibility Variants with Risk of Multiple Primary Cancers: The Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Background:</b> Multiple primary cancers account for approximately 16% of all incident cancers in the United States. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many common genetic variants associated with various cancer sites, no study has examined the association of these genetic variants with risk of multiple primary cancers (MPC).</p><p><b>Methods:</b> As part of the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) study, we used data from the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) and Women's Health Initiative (WHI). Incident MPC (IMPC) cases (<i>n</i> = 1,385) were defined as participants diagnosed with more than one incident cancer after cohort entry. Participants diagnosed with only one incident cancer after cohort entry with follow-up equal to or longer than IMPC cases served as controls (single-index cancer controls; <i>n</i> = 9,626). Fixed-effects meta-analyses of unconditional logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations between 188 cancer risk variants and IMPC risk. To account for multiple comparisons, we used the false-positive report probability (FPRP) to determine statistical significance.</p><p><b>Results:</b> A nicotine dependence–associated and lung cancer variant, <i>CHRNA3</i> rs578776 [OR, 1.16; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05–1.26; <i>P</i> = 0.004], and two breast cancer variants, <i>EMBP1</i> rs11249433 and <i>TOX3</i> rs3803662 (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.04–1.28; <i>P</i> = 0.005 and OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03–1.23; <i>P</i> = 0.006), were significantly associated with risk of IMPC. The associations for rs578776 and rs11249433 remained (<i>P</i> < 0.05) after removing subjects who had lung or breast cancers, respectively (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.046). These associations did not show significant heterogeneity by smoking status (<i>P</i><sub>heterogeneity</sub> ≥ 0.53).</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Our study has identified rs578776 and rs11249433 as risk variants for IMPC.</p><p><b>Impact:</b> These findings may help to identify genetic regions associated with IMPC risk. <i>Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(11); 2568–78. ©2014 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Intranasal inoculation ofMycoplasma pulmonisin mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) causes a wasting disease with grave arthritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY Mycoplasma pulmonis or Myc. pneumoniae were inoculated intranasally to C.B-17 scid/scid mice (severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice). Immunocompetent C.B-17 mice were inoculated as controls. During the observation period of 5 weeks the mice were killed and necropsied. Mycoplasma pulmonis was recovered from all of the inoculated mice, and dissemination to various tissues increased with time. SCID mice, unlike immunocompetent mice, did not show lung lesions but exhibited severe inflammatory changes of the joints. Mycoplasma pulmonis, however, was isolated both from the lungs and the articular lesions. In addition, SCID mice infected for more than 3 weeks suffered from a pronounced loss of weight and emaciation. In the experiment with Myc. pneumoniae the agent could be reisolated, but lesions were not found in any of the infected mice. Mycoplasma pulmonis infection in SCID mice may be useful as a model of arthritis in immunodeficient humans.
ASHP Statement on Accreditation of Pharmacy Residencies (With Policies and Procedures)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Journal Article ASHP Statement on Accreditation of Pharmacy Residencies (With Policies and Procedures) Get access American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, Volume 37, Issue 9, 1 September 1980, Pages 1221–1223, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/37.9.1221 Published: 01 September 1980
A diagnostic text-to-speech intelligibility test

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A wider sampling of speech segments and contexts is required for adequately evaluating text-to-speech output than is typically used in standard intelligibility tests of human speech. The test developed expanded upon both the Diagnostic Rhyme Test (DRT) [W. D. Voiers, Speech Tech. (Jan/Feb.), 30–39 (1983)] and a TTS intelligibility test developed by van Santen [J. P. H. van Santen, Comp. Speech Lang. 7, 49–100 (1993)]. The featural system used to construct the test ensured that the most likely perceptual confusions were potential test items. One- and two-feature contrasts were tested in word-initial, word-medial, and word-final positions, in stressed and unstressed syllables. Vowel, consonant, and consonant cluster contrasts plus insertions and deletions were tested. Test items were presented in semantically anomalous sentences (e.g., ‘‘Happy mimes dance the book.’’) and were controlled for familiarity and verb transitivity. Testing was automated and conducted interactively with individual subjects who received no feedback on their performance. Results indicate the test was a useful diagnostic tool as well as evaluation technique.
Aging Behavior of Semi-solid Mg-10Al-0.3Mn alloy by the Hot extrusion

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. In present study, the aging behavior of the hot extruded semi-solid Mg-10Al-0.3Mn alloy was investigated. In order to obtain the extruded bar, we carried out the hot extrusion at 380°C with an extrusion ratio of 25 and ram speed of 2.4mms-1. Vickers hardness test, electrical conductivity measurements, scanning and transmission electron microscopy and tensile testing were performed to identify the aging behaviors and mechanical properties during the aging treatment. Observations of the aging behavior and results of the tensile tests after the T6 heat treatment at each aging temperature show that the optimum aging conditions was indicated by a hardness increment of 72% and a tensile strength of 340MPa in the extruded bar.
1063 Establishment of Pneumoperitoneum for Renal Surgery Using the Kii Fios First Entry System: Early Experience and Case Series

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction The ideal technique for establishing pneumoperitoneum for renal laparoscopic surgery is unknown. Veress and Hasson methods have been commonly employed, but the use of a direct vision entry port is less widely described. The aim of this study was to assess the success, safety, and efficiency of this technique in our first fifty cases. Method The Kii Fios First Entry system was used in all cases. The camera is placed in the trocar and this was advanced under vision, with simultaneous insufflation. Patient BMI, time to pneumoperitoneum, complications, and subsequent hernia rates were recorded. Results Fifty patients were included with mean body mass index 30.5kg/m2. All patients were placed in the lateral position for surgery. The entry port was placed between umbilicus and costal margin. A 10mm port was used for the first 10 cases, with a 5mm port and smaller calibre camera used for the remaining 40. Twenty-two (44%) patients underwent pyeloplasty, 19 (38%) underwent nephrectomy, and 9 (18%) other surgeries. Mean time to establishment of pneumoperitonem was 31 seconds, with the shortest recorded time being 12 seconds. No patient suffered a visceral or vascular injury. The 10mm port sites were closed formally, but 5mm sites were not. No patient has developed a port-site hernia. The First Entry port costs €39 per item. Conclusions The Kii Fios First Entry system represents a safe, easy, and inexpensive alternative for establishing pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic renal surgery, with very short entry times in this series.
Effect of defoliation frequency on an irrigated perennial pasture in northern Victoria 2*Part 1, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 1997, 48, 811 - 17.. Individual plant morphology

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effect of 5 winter and 2 post-winter defoliation frequencies on the morphology of medium-leafed and large-leafed white clover and perennial ryegrass plants in an irrigated perennial pasture in northern Victoria was investigated. Measurements included leaf appearance rates, axillary bud development and survival, stolon elongation and survival, and tiller production and survival. White clover leaf appearance rate was affected little by either defoliation frequency or cultivar, ranging from 0·4 leaves/week in July to 1·1 leaves/week in February. In contrast, perennial ryegrass leaf appearance rate in the same period ranged from 0·35 to 0·7 leaves/week. Axillary bud production on clover stolons was highest in winter and spring and lowest through summer, and was usually greater in the medium-leafed than in the large-leafed cultivars. When the swards were not defoliated through winter, the rate of bud production was reduced in late winter; this was followed by a high rate of bud production in early spring, resulting in little treatment difference in the number of buds per stolon by mid spring. Bud survival was greater when initiated in winter than in summer. The rate of stolon death in spring was higher in the swards not defoliated during winter and higher in the large-leafed than in the medium-leafed cultivar. These effects were associated with the stolon elongation rate in late winter; the medium-leafed cultivar was unaffected by defoliation frequency, whereas in the large-leafed cultivars the rate of stolon elongation increased as the defoliation interval lengthened and canopy shading increased. Perennial ryegrass tiller production was greater with frequent than infrequent winter or post-winter defoliation, but never exceeded 1·2 daughter tillers/tiller, with 44% of the reproductive tillers failing to replace themselves. The low leaf appearance rate and tiller production of the perennial ryegrass may contribute to its poor competitiveness and persistence in this environment.
Secure Secret Key Transfer Using Modified Hash Based LSB method

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract — Recent advancements in computer security have shifted the focus of security officials from, using only the cryptography techniques to using steganography as well, or the combination of both. In steganography the most widely used technique is the LSB method, but this technique being the simplistic of all, is well known and hence is vulnerable to attacks. However, modifying the LSB method to the point where it would be difficult or impractical to find the hidden message is a domain where an extensive work and research is required. Due to the simplistic nature of the LSB method, this technique can be modified easily. But the main crux lies in the way this modification is done. Therefore, in this paper we discuss a modified version of the LSB, a Hash Based LSB technique and a hiding method that further hides the existence of the message into the cover image. We call this hiding method as the &apos;XOR Feed &apos; method.
WP1 XP4 - Ambiguity of the norm violation [pretest]

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This pretest examines whether the ambiguity (ambiguous vs unambiguous) of an equality-related norm violation affects the perception of this violation and that of the causal agent. Specifically, this pretest evaluates the extent to which the material we have created reflects an ambiguous and unambiguous norm evaluation. The "ambiguous" norm violation scenario will be the one we have used in previous studies and involves a White English professor who gave a lecture in the United States using the n-word as he lectured on a book that originally had the n-word in its title. However, the book title had been changed in the USA so as not to include the n-word (i.e., true original title as published in the UK: “The Book of Negroes”; changed title as published in the USA : “Someone Knows My Name”). We explained to participants that "[o]nce in the USA and at the hosting university, throughout his presentation, Prof. McTaylor consistently referred to the book by its UK title, thus, repeatedly using the word ‘negro’." For this pretest, the original version described above constitutes the ‘ambiguous’ norm violation. Additionally, we created two ‘unambiguous’ norm violation scenarios, varying in severity. In the ‘unambiguous’ scenario, in addition to repeatedly using the word ‘negro’ to refer to the book title, the professor also uses the term "negroes" when referring to the characters of the novel. In the ‘very unambiguous’ condition, the professor, in addition to repeatedly using the word ‘negro’ to refer to the book title, uses the term "n***ers" (instead of "negroes") when referring to the characters of the novel. Participants (all citizens of the USA) will thus be randomly assigned to read one of the three scenarios, that is to one of three conditions. Our aim is to test if norm-violation and protagonist evaluations differ between conditions.
Periodic protein‐restricted diets extend the lifespan of high‐fat diet‐induced Drosophila melanogaster males

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Research has shown that sustained protein restriction can improve the effects of a high‐fat diet on health and extend lifespan. However, long‐term adherence to a protein‐restricted diet is challenging. Therefore, we used a fly model to investigate whether periodic protein restriction (PPR) could also mitigate the potential adverse effects of a high‐fat diet and extend healthy lifespan. Our study results showed that PPR reduced body weight, lipid levels, and oxidative stress induced by a high‐fat diet in flies and significantly extended the healthy lifespan of male flies. Lipid metabolism and transcriptome results revealed that the common differences between the PPR group and the control group and high‐fat group showed a significant decrease in palmitic acid in the PPR group; the enriched common differential pathways Toll and Imd were significantly inhibited in the PPR group. Further analysis indicated a significant positive correlation between palmitic acid levels and gene expression in the Toll and Imd pathways. This suggests that PPR effectively improves fruit fly lipid metabolism, reduces palmitic acid levels, and thereby suppresses the Toll and Imd pathways to extend the healthy lifespan of flies. Our study provides a theoretical basis for the long‐term effects of PPR on health and offers a new dietary adjustment option for maintaining health in the long term.
SH0899563.10FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
A Study of Image Reconstruction for Complex Targets Buried in a Slab Medium Using the Unrelated Illumination Method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper investigates the image reconstruction for inhomogeneous dielectric cylinders coated on a conductor with a known cross section buried in a stratified dielectric medium. The buried dielectric cylinder scatters a group of unrelated incident waves illuminated from outside. The scattered field is recorded outside the stratified dielectric medium. By the proper arrangement of a group of unrelated incident fields, the difficulties of ill-posedness and nonlinearity are circumvented, and the permittivity distribution can be reconstructed through simple matrix operations. In the direct scattering part, a set of nonlinear integral equations is deduced mainly based on the boundary conditions. The method of moments is applied to numerically calculate the scattered E field. For the inverse scattering part, the unrelated illumination method is employed to determine the electrical properties of the dielectric cylinder from the measured scattered E fields. The numerical results show that good reconstruction can be obtained both with and without Gaussian noise in measured data.
2 Case reports of sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma: Review of the literature on surgical approaches

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of sinonasal is an uncommon tumour that progresses slowly and generally manifested in advanced stage. Surgical management of sinonasal ACC can be challenging to the attending surgeon as they need to outweigh the decision between tumour clearance and morbidity of the patient. Multimodality treatment is the mainstay of treatment for sinonasal ACC and prognosis depends on the histological subtype of tumour, patient factor and treatment modalities opted. We are presenting 2 cases of sinonasal ACC manifested in different age groups in our centre with different types of surgical approaches opted and their outcomes.
Chromatographic Behavior of Proteins on Stationary Phase with Aminocarboxy Ligand

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An aminocarboxy aspartic acid-bonded silica (Asp-Silica) stationary phase was synthesized using L-aspartic acid as ligand and silica gel as matrix. The standard protein mixtures were separated with prepared chromatographic column. The effects of solution pH, salt concentration and metal ion on the retention of proteins were examined, and also compared with traditional iminodiacetic acid-bonded silica (IDA-Silica) column. The results show that Asp-Silica column exhibited an excellent separation performance for proteins. The retention of proteins on Asp-Silica stationary phase was consistent with electrostatic characteristic of cation-exchange. The stationary phase displayed typical metal chelate property after fixing copper ion (II) on Asp-Silica. Under competitive eluting condition, protein mixtures were effectively isolated. Asp ligand showed better ion-exchange and metal chelating properties as compared with IDA ligand.