jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cysteinyl‐tRNA synthetase is involved in damage of renal tubular cells in ischemia–reperfusion‐induced acute kidney injury via pyroptosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant global healthcare burden but lacks specific and effective treatment. Renal tubular cells damage is central to ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) induced AKI. It is critical to clarify the initiation mechanisms of renal IRI and develop early intervention targets of AKI. This study used label‐free quantification proteomic analysis to identify new targets in AKI‐related renal tubular injury and investigate the potential mechanisms. We discovered significant changes in cysteinyl‐tRNA synthetase (CARS) in renal tubular cell during IRI. Considering the involvement of CARS in ATP metabolism and the close correlation between ATP and pyroptosis, we further explored pyroptosis phenotype with and without CARS intervention as well as the expression of CARS during pyroptosis activation and inhibition. Our findings suggest that CARS expression decreased over time and is linked to pyroptosis. Modifying CARS affects ATP metabolism and alters the expression of pyroptosis‐related proteins during H/R and IRI treatments. Regulating pyroptosis may influence CARS expression during IRI treatment. Overall, CARS is associated with renal tubular damage from ischemia‐reperfusion injury, possibly involving pyroptosis, though the regulatory mechanism remains unclear.
Free jet millimeter wave spectroscopy of oxazolidinone compounds.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

2-Oxazolidinone (systematic name 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one) is a five-member heterocyclic ring exhibiting potential medicinal roperties. It is the pharmacophore of a class of antimicrobial agents which have a unique structure and good activity gainst Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria (e.g. linezolid, the first in clinical use 2-oxazolidinone antibiotic). Often the functionality of drugs is related to their conformational flexibility and ability to form non covalent interactions with ts urroundings. In order to understand how substitution affect these properties, a series of oxazolidone compounds has been studied by means of millimeter wave free jet Stark modulated absorption spectroscopy [1] and quantum mechanical \ncalculations. The achieved data will be presented. [1] C. Calabrese, A. Maris, L. Evangelisti, L.B. Favero, S. Melandri and W. Caminati, J. Phys. Chem. A, 117, 13712 (2013).
Endometrial Histology and Biochemistry in Climacteric Women during Oestrogen and Oestrogen/Progestogen Therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

177 patients were recruited between 1973 and 1977 to participate in a study to determine the endometrial response to exogenous estrogens and the modifying effect of progestogens on this response; hence, the endometrial proliferation during cyclical estrogen therapy and sequential estrogen/progestogen therapy was studied longitudinally. The patients were peri-or postmenopausal. Cyclical thereapy ranged from 2-47 months (mean, 15.1 months). With high-dose estrogen, cystic glandular hyperplasia was diagnosed in 16 (23%) patients, and atypical hyperplasia in 6 (9%); with low-dose regimens, cystic glandular hyperplasia was diagnosed in 4 (12%) and atypical hyperplasia in 2 (6%) patients. Sequentia therapy ranged from 2-50 months (mean, 16.2 months). With high dose regimens, 1 (2%) was found to have cystic glandular hyperplasia and 1 atient (2%) atypical hyperplasia; with low doses atypical hyperplasi was diagnosed in 1 patient (3%). these data therefore suggested that progestogens protected the endometrium against estrogen-induced stimulation, although complete protection was not afforded. Progestogens also depressed cytoplasmic progesterone receptor levels and induced the formation of estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase, as shown by the following findings: in all samples from Weeks 2 and 3, no activity of the enzyme was detectable. During norethisterone administration (Week 4), however, the activity rose to the premenopausal secretory range and was significantly higher than that in Weeks 2 and 3 (P .001 and P .001, respectively). Measurement of cytoplasmic progesterone receptor confirmed that the estrogenic stimulus being applied to the endometrium was potent.
Ventricular Repolarization Disorders Following Overdosage with Tricyclitic Antidepressants Mimicking Myocard Infarcus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Tricyclic antidepressant overdose is the one of the most common in self-poisoning. Amitriptyline is the most common single agent. The high rate of mortality in tricyclic antidepressant overdosing is due to central nervous system and cardiovascular system toxicity. Evidence of cardiovascular toxicity is present in the majority of tricyclic antidepressant overdoses. Cardiotoxicity is hypotension, QRS widening and ventricular arrhythmias. Myocardial infarction however is rare. Objective: This paper reports a case of overdose of tricyclic antidepressants, resulting in an acute coronary syndrome. Case Report: This is a 59-year-old patient, with a chronic active smoking as cardiovascular risk factor at 53 BP, age and male sex, followed for psychosis under antidepressant treatment for 5 years with poor compliance (amitriptyline 25mg 1cpx2/d), admitted in our training for the management of infarct chest pain dating back to 16 hours, following an overdose in tricyclic antidepressants. This patient ingested probably 450 mg of amitriptyline hydrochloride following a marital dispute. On admission, the patient was conscient, hemodynamically and respiratory stable, with no evidence of right or left heart failure. The ECG was in regular sinus rhythm, with negative T waves in the septo-apical leads, extended to the right. Troponin was positive at 110ng/l. The TTE was free of significant abnormalities, He was commenced on a sodium bicarbonate infusion that was continued overnight and discontinued the following morning. A coronary angiogram performed in the emergency setting showed angiographically healthy coronary arteries. Discussion and Conclusion: Tricyclic antidepressant overdose is known to cause cardiopulmonary and central nervous system complications. As with other cardiovascular complications, amitriptyline toxicity may cause acute myocardial infarction. The physicians should be aware of acute myocardial infarction in patients with tricyclic antidepressant overdose. This complication may occur during the late period of observation in patients without tendency to acute cardiac ischaemia.
Transformation through institutional peering - Agricultural Training Institutes learning from each other : Experiences from a Dutch-South African partnership

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This report provides a synthesis of the main learning experiences emanating from a South African-Dutch project that supported the transformation of Agricultural Colleges into Agricultural Training Institutes. The project was implemented from 2011 to 2015 and involved twelve Agricultural Training Institutes, the South African Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery, and four partners based in The Netherlands (CDI, MDF, ICRA and AERES). Funding was provided by the South African Government and EP-Nuffic. The partners created action learning structures addressing Competence Based Learning, Quality Assurance, Policies, Rural Wealth Creation, Gender, and ICT and Information Systems.
Microstructures and tensile properties of 304 steel with dual nanocrystalline and microcrystalline austenite content prepared by aluminothermic reaction casting

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

AbstractThe microstructures of 304 stainless steels with different amounts of nanocrystalline and microcrystalline austenite prepared by an aluminothermic reaction casting, without and with annealing at 1073 K for 8 h, have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, an electron probe micro-analyser, a transmission electron microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The steels, both without and with annealing, consisted of different dual nanocrystalline and microcrystalline austenite combinations and a little nanocrystalline δ ferrite, while the average grain size of the nanocrystalline austenite increased from 19 to 26 nm and volume fraction of the microcrystalline austenite increased from 17 to 30% after annealing. The tensile strength of the steel was dramatically increased from 500 to 1000 MPa and the tensile elongation ratio increased from 8 to 12% after annealing. However, the tensile strength was decreased to 600 MPa and the tensile elongation ratio increased from 12 to 22% after an annealing at 1273 K. The combination of dual nanocrystalline and microcrystalline austenite obtained after the annealing at 1073 K results in the best tensile properties.Keywords: 304 stainless steelaluminothermic reactionannealingtensile propertiesdual nanocrystalline–microcrystalline austeniteXRDEPMATEMSEM FundingThis work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant number 51164022].
Cross-Cultural Reliability and Validity of the Aggressively Worded Verbal Aggressiveness Scale

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study tested and replicated the reliability and validity of the aggressively worded version of the Verbal Aggressiveness Scale (VAS) across two cultures—the United States and Korea—to promote its future use in both U.S. and cross-cultural samples. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the 10-item, aggressively worded VAS demonstrated construct validity given its unidimensional factor structure. Acceptable reliabilities were also obtained for samples in the United States, Korea, and the United States and Korea combined. Although there was support for a univariate factor structure for the aggressively worded VAS items in the U.S. and combined samples, the loadings and overall fit for the Korean sample were less strong than in the other samples. Therefore, caution should be used when employing the VAS in cultures other than the United States.
How culture can guide evolution: An inquiry into gene/meme enhancement and opposition. Adaptive Behavior 7(3/4):289–306

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We study the relationship between genetic evolution, learning, and culture. We start with the sim-ulation environment of Hinton and Nowlan in which individual learning was shown to guide genetic evolution towards a difficult adaptive goal. We then consider, in lieu of individual learn-ing, culture in the form of social learning by imitation. Our results demonstrate that when genes and culture cooperate, or enhance one another, culture too is able to guide genetic evolution towards an adaptive goal. Further, we show that social learning is superior to individual learning insofar as it with genetic evolution converges more quickly to the goal. However, the social learn-ing algorithm results in slower genetic assimilation of adaptive alleles than with individual learn-ing. It is as if, we argue, the adaptive values are stored in the culture rather than in the genes. Finally, we consider what happens when culture and genes pursue diametrically opposed goals. Here we show that culture, in the form of social learning, is no real match when opposed to genet-ic evolution with individual learning. In fact, only the most herculean of social learning algorithms is able to keep a neutralizing toe-hold against the slow plodding force of genetic evolution. Finally, our results suggest that in both cases, opposition and enhancement, transmission forces such as the ratio of teacher to learner are central to the success of social learning.
New tumor regression grade for rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy and radical surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this retrospective study, we defined a new tumor regression grade (NTRG), which we used to evaluate the prognosis of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who received neoadjuvant therapy and then underwent radical surgery between June 2004 and October 2011. Calculated as the TRG plus a lymph node score, the NTRG was determined for 347 patients: NTRG 0, 46 patients (13.3%); NTRG 1, 63 (18.2%); NTRG 2, 183 (52.7%); NTRG 3, 30 (8.6%); NTRG 4, 25 (7.2%). Among this group, 45 (97.8%) NTRG 0, 56 (88.9%) NTRG 1, 148 (80.9%) NTRG 2, 24 (66.7%) NTRG 3, and 10 (40.0%) NTRG 4 patients experienced 5-year disease-free survival. We also found that NTRG is significantly associated with 5-year local recurrence, distant metastasis and disease-free survival (P = 0.004, 0.007 and 0.039, respectively). The NTRG may thus be an independent prognostic factor for oncologic outcomes in rectal cancer patients after neoadjuvant therapy and radical surgery, but this conclusion must be validated in randomized trials.
Restricted occupancy of s kinds of cells and generalized Pascal triangles

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

There are several well-known formulas counting the number of distinct allocations of n indistinguishable objects into m distinguishable cells, each of which has capacity k 1. In the present paper we generalize four of them by relaxing the assumption that each of the m cells has capacity k 1 and assuming instead that there are s kinds of cells and each cell of kind i has capacity ki 1 (i = 1,... ,s). A generalization of the Pascal triangles of order k is also discussed.
Spatial pattern of cdc2 expression in relation to meristem activity and cell proliferation during plant development.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The p34 protein kinase encoded by the cdc2 gene is a key component of the eukaryotic cell cycle required for the G1- to S-phase transition and entry into mitosis. To study the regulation of plant meristem activity and cell proliferation, we have examined the tissue-specific accumulation of cdc2 transcripts in Arabidopsis thaliana and the related crucifer radish (Raphanus sativus) by in situ hybridization using A. thaliana cdc2 cDNA sequences as a probe. cdc2 transcripts accumulated in leaf primordia and within the vegetative shoot apical meristem. During flower development, high levels of expression were observed in meristems, in the basal regions of developing organs, in the developing vasculature, and associated with rib meristems elaborated late in the development of some floral organs. In root tips, cdc2 transcripts accumulated in the meristematic region and adjacent daughter cells but were not detected in the quiescent center. There was strong hybridization throughout the pericycle, and a further localized accumulation of cdc2 transcripts was observed in the initial stages of the activation of a new meristem at sites of lateral root development. We conclude that cdc2 expression is a critical factor in the regulation of meristem activity and establishment of proliferative competence.
Nonspatial attentional capture by previously rewarded scene semantics

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Recent research has shown that reward influences visual perception and cognition in a way that is distinct from the well-documented goal-directed mechanisms. In the current study we explored how task-irrelevant stimulus-reward associations affect processing of stimuli when attention is constrained and reward no longer delivered. During a training phase, participants performed a choice game, exposing them to different reward schedules for different semantic categories of natural scene pictures. In a separate test session in which no additional reward was provided, the differentially rewarded scene categories were used as task-irrelevant non-targets in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) task. Participants performed a detection task on a previously non-rewarded target category. Results show that participants' sensitivity index (d′) for target detection decreased as a function of whether the reward was coupled to the distractor category during training. The semantic category of natural scenes associated with high reward caused more interference in target detection than the semantic category associated with a low reward. The same was found when new, unseen distractor pictures of the same semantic categories were used. The present findings suggest that reward can be selectively associated with high level scene semantics. We argue that learned stimulus-reward associations persistently bias perceptual processing independently of spatial shifts in attention and the immediate prospect of reward.
In VitroProperties of Orthodontic Adhesives with Fluoride or Amorphous Calcium Phosphate

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

This in vitro study evaluated the efficacy of orthodontic adhesives with fluoride or amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) in reducing bacterial adhesion and enamel demineralization. Forty human premolars each sectioned buccolingually into three parts were bracketed with control resin (Transbond XT) or adhesives containing ACP (Aegis Ortho) or fluoride (QuickCure). Artificial lesions induced by pH cycling were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectrophotometry (XPS) and polarized light microscopy (PLM). After 28 days, Aegis Ortho demonstrated the lowest calcium and phosphorous content by XPS analysis. After 42 days, reductions in lesion depth areas were 23.6% for Quick Cure and 20.3% for Aegis Ortho (P<0.05). In the presence of 1% sucrose, adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to Aegis Ortho and Quick Cure was reduced by 41.8% and 37.7% (P<0.05) as compared to Transbond XT. Composites containing ACP or fluoride reduced bacterial adherence and lesion formation as compared to a composite without ACP or fluoride.
Efficacy of neoadjuvant atezolizumab treatment in patients with advanced urothelial bladder cancer according to the BASQ classification: a study protocol for an open-label, two-cohort, phase II trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Atezolizumab is a programmed death ligand-1 inhibitor for urothelial bladder cancer treatment. Atezolizumab has become the standard therapy for patients with urothelial bladder cancer who are not responding to cisplatin-based chemotherapy and is also used as a first-line treatment in cisplatin-ineligible patients. However, the efficacy of atezolizumab as a neoadjuvant chemotherapy for radical cystectomy has not yet been published and is still under study. This trial investigates the effectiveness of basal/squamous-like (BASQ) classification in the selection of an effective target group of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) for neoadjuvant atezolizumab treatment. Methods and analysis This study is an open-label, two-cohort, phase II trial. It was designed to evaluate the efficacy of neoadjuvant atezolizumab treatment in patients with MIBC (T2–4N0M0) pathological responses after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical cystectomy. According to the molecular subtype characteristics of previous transurethral resection of the bladder specimens, patients are divided into two groups: luminal type (KRT5/6−KRT14−FOXA1+GATA3+) and basal type (KRT5/6+KRT14+FOXA1−GATA3−). Every 3 weeks, atezolizumab is administered at a dose of 1200 mg for three cycles prior to radical cystectomy in patients with MIBC. The primary end point is objective pathological responses in the intention-to-treat patients. The secondary end point is a 1-year progression-free survival difference according to the BASQ classification in patients who underwent neoadjuvant atezolizumab treatment. Ethics and dissemination The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (H 1806-051-950). The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. The trial results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and at conferences. Trial registration number NCT03577132 .
An Improved Estimator of the Mean for a Sequential Binomial Sampling Plan

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract For sampling Bernoulli random variables, a sequential sampling plan is considered that includes inverse sampling as a special case. This plan is viewed as a random walk in two dimensions in a way that gives the distribution of the sample given the endpoint of the walk. Thus, by the Rao–Blackwell method, an unbiased estimator based on the minimal sufiicient statistic is derived for the common Bernoulli probability. The techniques used apply in general to unbiased estimation when sampling sequentially, at least conceptually, and are also applied to a second class of sequential binomial sampling plans. KEY WORDS: Generalized samplingInverse samplingRandom walkSequential sampling
SU‐FF‐I‐52: Comparison of CR QC Phantoms: The Kodak TQT Program Versus a General Purpose Phantom Program

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Recently, the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) issued two Task Group reports (AAPM Reports 74 and 93) covering acceptance testing and QA for CR systems. An important component of CR QA programs is routine testing of system performance by the technologist. Testing should be simple to perform, be easy to evaluate, and probe most facets of system operation. To this end a quality control phantom for routine testing is recommended. CR QA phantoms can be vendor‐specific, or general purpose for cross‐platform use. We compare our clinical experience with both types of phantom and discuss their relative merits. Method and Materials: The optional Kodak Total Quality Tool (TQT), and associated analysis software, is designed for acceptance testing and routine QA of the Kodak DirectView CR system. Our institution has used the TQT for more than two years. The Fluke EZ CR/DR “DIN” test tool (DTT) is a general purpose phantom incorporating a standard test pattern. The DTT, with an in‐house analysis package, has been used with our Fuji CR systems for over four years. Results: Both phantoms measure parameters recommended by the AAPM reports. A detailed comparison of measurement capabilities including spatial resolution and linearity, exposure linearity and calibration, low contrast resolution, uniformity, and noise and artifact evaluation is presented. The documentation and integrated analysis features of the Kodak QA program led to easy implementation and management. The DTT analysis used standard imaging tools and subjective measures. While the DTT is useful for cross‐platform comparisons, the TQT appears to be more sensitive in detecting potential equipment problems. Conclusion: Advantages of the TQT program include: tests specific to the reading mechanism, an integrated user interface, and acceptance and understanding by service personnel. The non‐proprietary DTT is useful for comparing different systems using a set of standardized measures.
[Grafting of autogenous jugular vein and glutaraldehyde-stabilized human umbilical vein in dogs].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The glutaraldehyde-stabilized human umbilical cord vein (HUV) was implanted to the intrarenal aorta in dogs, by using autogenous jugular vein (AJV) as control. The healing mechanism was shown by angiography, radioisotope scanning Doppler ultrasound, LM, SEM and TEM. The patency rate in 6 months was 95.2% in AJV and 87.5% in HUV. No significant difference was noted between the two veins (P > 0.05). Pathohistological study of AJV and HUV after implantation showed that there were three stages: acute injury, acute inflammatory reaction and hyperplastic repairing of tissues. The new endothelial cells of AJV grew earlier and faster than those of HUV. But, both veins were endothelialized 6 months after operation. The subendothelium of new intima consisted of fibroblasts and collagen fibres less myointimal cells derived from smooth muscle cells in the media. The media and the adventilized were replaced by fibrous connective tissue. HUV stabilized with 0.5% glutaraldehyde for grafting caused no immunologic rejection, and had the structure of the venous wall and antithrombotic function, keeping the grafts patent.