jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Study on the vibration characteristics of AFM optical cantilever with surface force acting on the tip

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Atomic force microscope (AFM) is a useful tool to quantitively evaluate the micro/nano scale interaction between two bodies and they are measured by the deflection of the cantilever at the end by the optical lever method. Since this method are highly sensitive to the deflection angle, there are gap between the real deflection and the deflection obtained through the optical lever method. In order to measure the surface interaction with higher accuracy, it is important to grasp the vibration characteristics of the cantilever and fix the gap. In this study, vibration characteristics of AFM optical cantilever with surface force acting on the tip were analyzed. Surface force was introduced by assuming a spring and damper acting at the end of the cantilever. The vibration characteristics of cantilever were analyzed by solving the equation of motion with various spring constant and damping coefficient. Furthermore, considering the surface force as van der Waals force, the vibration analysis of cantilever with intermolecular force acting at the end were shown.
Navigating old and new terrains of academic practice in higher education: indelible and invisible marks left from the Covid-19 lockdown

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Higher education has been (re)shaped by the Covid-19 pandemic in ways which have left both indelible and invisible marks of that period. Drawing on relevant literature, and informed by an exchange catalysed through a visual narrative method, authors from four European universities engage with two reflective questions in this article: As academics, what were our experiences of our practice during the lockdown periods of the Covid-19 pandemic? What might we carry forward, resist or reimagine in landscapes of academic practice emerging in the post-Covid future? The article explores how academics experienced and demonstrated resilience and ingenuity in their academic practice during that turbulent time. Particular insights include entanglements of the personal and professional, and the importance, affordances and limitations of technology. In addition, the authors reflect on some of the ongoing challenges exacerbated by the pandemic, such as education inequalities. The article concludes by reprising the key points about what marks are left behind in the post-Covid present, and how these relate to the future in which relational pedagogy and reflexivity are entangled in the ways in which we cohabit virtual and physical academic spaces.
Reformed General Sales Tax in Pakistan

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In Pakistan, general sales tax (GST) is the main source of revenue for the government, but it is not a particularly efficient tax. In this article, the authors discuss the situation and the government’s proposal of 2010 to replace the existing GST by the reformed general sales tax (RGST). However, two years later, the new RGST Act has not yet entered into force.
Exploring Unconventional Approaches to Morality: An Existentialist Framework

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research investigates unconventional approaches to morality within an existentialist framework, focusing on pivotal thinkers such as Arthur Schopenhauer and Friedrich Nietzsche. Existentialism emerged as a response to the erosion of traditional religious and metaphysical frameworks in modernity, prompting existentialists to confront fundamental questions about the foundations of morality in a world devoid of transcendent norms. The study explores how existentialist thinkers conceptualize morality in the absence of traditional religious or metaphysical frameworks, critically examining their critiques of conventional ethical norms and proposing alternative visions of ethical living. Through a qualitative approach involving textual analysis of primary philosophical texts by Schopenhauer and Nietzsche, this research aims to elucidate existentialist perspectives on morality. Schopenhauer's philosophy emphasizes the concept of 'will' as the primary driving force behind human actions, challenging prevailing rationalistic explanations. He presents a pessimistic outlook on life, advocating for compassion and altruism as paths towards transcendence. In contrast, Nietzsche critiques foundational moral concepts, particularly Christian doctrines, asserting that moral judgments are shaped by societal power dynamics rather than objective truths. This study's significance lies in enriching ethical theory and inspiring critical reflection on the foundations of morality in a secular and uncertain world. By examining existentialist critiques of conventional morality and exploring alternative ethical frameworks grounded in existential principles, this research aims to stimulate dialogue on existentialist ethics and its relevance for addressing pressing ethical challenges in diverse cultural and social contexts. Ultimately, this investigation seeks to contribute to a deeper understanding of ethics and morality within the complex tapestry of human existence.
ROMANTIC OR REVOLUTIONARY?1

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Nonetheless, he contributed through his intellectual and artistic activities to the nationalist struggle of his country. He showed through his poetry that an artist or a poet can have as much responsibility to his people as a politician. To understand al-Shabbi both as a revolutionary and as a Romantic, we must go back to the social and political reality of his country at the time.2 While al-Shabbi was a young man, despite years of stagnation and apathy under the French occupation, Tunisia witnessed various attempts by reformers, at both the individual and constitutional levels, to renew and revive various aspects of its economic, social and political life. This period also witnessed a growth of literary and intellectual movements, and increasing interest in the idea of democracy and constitutional reform. At the same time relatively more independent journals in both Arabic and French were established. Intellectual gatherings and discussion groups became common. All these led to a political, social and literary renaissance in Tunisia at this time. This was taking place against the background of Arab nationalist ideas and demands for independence in other Arab countries. Intellectuals in most of these countries were seriously engaged in establishing new ideas regarding democracy, arts and the emancipation of women. Among these intellectuals were Qasim Amin and Lutfi al-Sayyid in Egypt and al-Shabbi's contemporaries in Tunisia including Tahir al-Haddad who was directly involved in the political struggle of Tunisia not least in the trade union movement founded by Muhammad 'All in 1924/1925.
Polymerase chain reaction detection of greening bacterium (Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus) and Citrus mosaic virus in citrus tissues, by means of a simplified template-preparation protocol

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Application of a simplified protocol for nucleic acid preparation for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of greening bacterium (Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus; Cla) and Citrus mosaic virus (CMBV) associated with citrus is described. Crude extracts of citrus tissues in NaOH - ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution, prepared without the use of liquid nitrogen, were spotted on a nitrocellulose membrane (NCM) and then eluted in water at 80 °C for 10 min. Both the greening bacterium and CMBV were detected by PCR from the eluted liquid from the spotted NCMs. The detection efficacy for the templates obtained in the NCM-eluted liquid was comparable with that of templates obtained with a multistep laboratory method or a commercial kit for nucleic acid preparation. The protocol is simple, inexpensive, rapid, and applicable to large-scale surveys of citrus trees. The spotted-membrane methodology can also be used for short-term sample storage for future testing or for long-distance sample transport to a detection laboratory.
Ethno-medicinal Practices among Pattharkatta Kanjars in Lucknow District of U.P.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Present paper depicts the picture of ethno-medicinal knowledge bank prevailed in Pattharkatta Kanjars, a primitive and nomadic community of gypsies and hunters of Lucknow district. The use of traditional medicine system is found among them which occupy its own place along with the modern allopathic and other system of medicines. They follow ethno-medicines and have faith on them with varying number of herbs and plants from place to place. Younger generation do not have enough belief in these alternate medicines; however, they either do not discard them, their use depends on their interest and kind of need. This is an exploratory-cum-objective-based study whose purpose is to find out the use of traditional medicines for the remedies of diseases in their community. It employs traditional field exploration, interview schedule, photographic method and others. Data is collected through primary as well as secondary sources including official government websites with random and purposive sampling method.
Filtrasi Air dengan Menggunakan Alat Sederhana untuk Menghasilkan Air Bersih bagi Warga Desa Cikurutug Kecamatan Cireunghas

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Cikurutug Village, Cireunghas District, Sukabumi Regency, to be precise in RW 1, has problems related to the availability of clean water. The water in the reservoir used by the residents comes from a small river. The water flow is not directly from the mountains or springs but results from soil seepage due to the extensive loosening of the land around the river, resulting in turbid water. This is undoubtedly very dangerous for the health of residents, because of course, it will invite diseases such as dysentery, typhus, and so on. To solve this problem, water filtration is carried out using simple tools that have been designed and then assisted by a water filtration device. The filtration results resulted in an increase in water quality, which would then continue to be used by residents. This filtration device must be maintained to keep the water quality still good.
Anne Martin cooking with "Formay" demonstration, Southern California, 1933

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

2 photographs of Anne Martin using Formay, Southern California, 1933. "Subject: Anne Martin cooking with 'Formay' demonstration, Kitchen Bureau of Water & Power; Agency: J. Walter Thompson; Client: Swift & Co.; Original Print Order: 1 ea[ch]; Size: 8x10; Finish: gl[ossy]; Job: 5-17-100; Year: 1933" -- on envelope front. "Operator's Report (Name): Dean; Original Photographs-Size: 2-8x10; Amount: 5.50; Extra Charge: [ilg]" -- on envelope back.
Usability matters for virtual reality simulations teaching communication

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is effective at reducing HPV-associated cancers; however, current vaccination rates in the United States are estimated at only 60%.Clinicians can positively impact caregivers' decisions to vaccinate through the use of evidence-based communication strategies.Nevertheless, current continuing medical education (CME) related to HPV vaccination primarily consists of online didactic-based trainings with limited opportunities to practice skills.Immersive virtual reality (VR) that uses a 3D-mounted headset may promote skill development by allowing deliberate practice of communication strategies in a virtual clinic environment.Immersive VR has not been previously applied to CME on HPV vaccination.Thus, we conducted usability testing of four VR simulations focused on HPV communication strategies at an urban adolescent primary care clinic.Usability testing, a critical but underutilised method, focuses on assessing how an intervention serves its intended purpose by utilising expert users to identify gaps and weaknesses. 1 | WHAT WAS TRIED?During the 20-minute VR curriculum, participants verbally counselled animated caregivers (avatars) hesitant to accept the HPV vaccine for their children.The avatar's responses to the participant's counselling were driven in real time by a facilitator (FR).For the participant to succeed (vaccine accepted), he or she had to demonstrate evidence-based communication
Menanamkan Nilai - nilai Multikultural melalui Permainan Tradisional sebagai Strategi Pendidikan Karakter pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of traditional games as a strategy for instilling multicultural values and character education in elementary school students. Employing a qualitative approach, this research explores the potential of traditional games in shaping attitudes of tolerance, cooperation, and mutual respect for differences among students. The results indicate that traditional games are not only entertainment but also an effective learning medium for instilling positive values and strengthening students' character in the context of cultural diversity.
Do I have something in my teeth? The trouble with genetic analyses of diet from archaeological dental calculus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Dental calculus and other preserved microbiome substrates are an attractive target for dietary reconstruction in past populations through a variety of physical, chemical, and molecular means. Recently, studies have attempted to reconstruct diet from archaeological dental calculus using archaeogenetic techniques. While dental calculus may provide a relatively stable environment for DNA preservation, the detection of plants and animals possibly consumed by an individual through DNA analysis is primarily hindered by microbial richness and incomplete reference databases. Moreover, high genomic similarity within eukaryotic groups - such as mammals - can obfuscate precise taxonomic identification. In the current study we demonstrate the challenges associated with accurate taxonomic identification and authentication of dietary taxa in ancient DNA data using both synthetic and ancient dental calculus datasets. We highlight common errors and sources of contamination across ancient DNA datasets, provide recommendations for dietary DNA validation, and call for caution in the interpretation of diet from dental calculus and other archaeological microbiome substrates.
Natural rubber institutional arrangement in efforts to accelerate rural economic development in the province of Riau

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose This study aims to investigate the pattern and sequence growth or changes in formulating policy strategy. Design/methodology/approach In order to get an accurate information, in this study using rapid rural appraisal method (RRA). RRA is a method with participatory approach to obtain data/information and assessments, generally in the field in a relatively short time. Findings The result of index multiplier effect analysis in the rubber development region in 2010 was 1.83. In 2014 it dropped to 0.65. The conditions show decline in the rubber farming in the countryside. Natural rubber and its derivatives are believed to spur regional economic growth and be able to improve income distribution and poverty alleviation through employment. Institutional arrangement with the concept of natural rubber farming sustainability-based natural rubber (ABKA) provides two effects: first, the direct effect, i.e. the concept of ABKA provides direct benefits to the parties involved in the business. Second, indirect effects, namely, the concept of ABKA, provides benefits to the parties who are not directly involved in the company. Originality/value Originality of this paper shows that a participatory approach used in this research is an RRA and the location of the research is Riau, Indonesia, both of which have not been studied earlier.
The IC-indices of Some Complete Multipartite Graphs

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A coloring of a connected graph $G$ is a function $f$ mapping the vertex set of $G$ into the set of all integers. For any subgraph $H$ of $G$, we denote the sum of the values of $f$ on the vertices of $H$ as $f(H)$. If for any integer $k\in \{1,2,\cdots,f(G)\}$, there exists an induced connected subgraph $H$ of $G$ such that $f(H) = k$, then the coloring $f$ is called an IC-coloring of $G$. The IC-index of $G$, denoted as $M(G)$, is the maximum value of $f(G)$ over all possible IC-colorings $f$ of $G$. In this paper, we present a useful method from which a lower bound on the IC-index of any complete multipartite graph can be derived. Subsequently, we show that, for $m\geq 2 ~\mbox{and} ~n\geq 2$, our lower bound on $M(K_{1(n),m})$ is the exact value of it.
Retrospective analysis of surgical treatment of adult patients with trauma and posttraumatic deformities of the middle zone of the facial skeleton

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The issues of diagnosis, planning, timing and tactics of surgical treatment, possible risks of postoperative complications in patients with trauma of the middle zone of the facial skeleton have remained relevant for many years. Due to the prevalence and complexity of solving a number of problems facing specialists arising from post-traumatic deformities (PTD) in this area, the problem of treating this category of patients is not only medical, but also socio-economic. Purpose. To carry out a retrospective analysis of the data of medical documentation of adult patients with trauma and PTD of the middle zone of the facial skeleton. Material and methods. We analyzed statistical data on the provision of specialized medical care to patients with trauma and PTD of the middle zone of the facial skeleton in institutions subordinate to the Moscow Department of Health for 2021 and 2022. A sample of 32 495 medical records of patients who were hospitalized at the State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the Department of Healthcare of the Moscow “Maxillofacial Hospital for War Veterans” was conducted from March 2015 to December 2023. Statistical processing of the obtained data from the study group of patients was carried out. Results. Information is presented on the specialized care provided to adult patients with trauma and PTD of the middle zone of the facial skeleton in institutions subordinate to the Moscow Department of Health for 2021 and 2022. Our study included 233 patients with trauma and PTD of the midfacial skeleton who underwent surgical treatment. Of these, 84.12% (n=196) were men and 15.88% (n=37) women. The average age of the patients was 35.74±11.11 years. The study group was divided into two subgroups: the 1st – patients with injuries to the bones of the midface (n=157, 67.38%), the 2nd – with PTD of the bones of the midface (n=76, 32.62%). The article presents the main characteristics of these patients. The methods of their examination at the prehospital stage are analyzed in detail; the time from the moment of injury to the moment of seeking specialized medical care; channels of hospitalization; causes of injuries; aesthetic and functional disorders as a result of injuries; types of injuries; applied methods and tactics of surgical treatment. Conclusions. The results of the study present a modern characterization of adult patients with trauma and PD of the middle zone of the facial skeleton. Recommendations are given on the use of four main fixation points during operations of metallosteosynthesis of the bones of the zygomatic complex, the need to reduce the time from the moment of injury to the moment of specialized medical care, the need for an integrated approach and treatment of patients with injuries and PTD of the bones of the middle zone of the face in specialized centers of maxillofacial-facial surgery.
Activation and Regulation of Cellular Eicosanoid Biosynthesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

There is a growing appreciation for the wide variety of physiological responses that are regulated by lipid messengers. One particular group of lipid messengers, the eicosanoids, plays a central role in regulating immune and inflammatory responses in a receptor-mediated fashion. These mediators are related in that they are all derived from one polyunsaturated fatty acid, arachidonic acid. However, the various eicosanoids are synthesized by a wide variety of cell types by distinct enzymatic pathways, and have diverse roles in immunity and inflammation. In this review, the major pathways involved in the synthesis of eicosanoids, as well as key points of regulation, are presented.
Untreated Hemangioma of the Eyelid-Reply

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In Reply.

—Before replying to the several letters received by the Editor relative to my letter with photographs concerning the dramatic results achieved by withholding treatment for a distinctly disfiguring hemangioma of the eyelid, I would like to state that it is a remarkable tribute to theArchives of Ophthalmologythat so much attention could be aroused by a letter in the Correspondence section of the journal. Also, it is a testament to the astuteness of our modern, well-trained ophthalmologists that they should readily discern the one possible flaw in delaying any definitive treatment in this case. In defense of my position, let me first say that the photographs were presented with the letter only to show the dramatic effect occurring in the absense of treatment of any hemangioma. As for this particular case, the assumption that the patient's left eye had poor vision, presumably amblyopia, is correct. However, it
Synaptophysin immunoreactivity in the cat cochlear nuclei.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The presence of synaptophysin, a presynaptic Ca2+ binding glycoprotein, has been analyzed in the cochlear nucleus complex of the adult cat using an antisynaptophysin monoclonal antibody. Synaptophysin immunoreactivity was differently distributed between regions of cochlear nuclei. Terminal boutons contacting directly with neurons (cell bodies and dendrites) or in the neuropil of ventral and dorsal cochlear nuclei appeared immunostained. In the ventral cochlear nucleus, synaptophysin-labelled boutons were clearly defined in contact with spherical, globular, multipolar, octopus and cochlear-nerve root neurons. However, the dorsal cochlear nucleus showed a dense immunostained network of synaptophysin-labelled puncta, inside which some neuron cell bodies were observed. The present findings show a differential distribution of synaptophysin-immunostained boutons between the ventral and the dorsal cochlear nuclei of the cat. The present description of the different synaptophysin-labelled terminal boutons in the cochlear nuclei complex and their pattern of distribution, will be useful for further studies on development, degeneration or regeneration of the peripheral auditory pathway.