jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Exploration of the role of CIB1 in cell survival and tumor growth

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

CIB1 is an intracellular protein with diverse functions in cancer cell biology. Here I explore two important functions of CIB1: 1) The role of CIB1 in cell survival and tumor growth in triple negative breast cancer; and 2) The interaction between CIB1 and α-integrin cytoplasmic tails and the role of this interaction in cell biology. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype with an unmet need for novel targeted therapeutics. We previously demonstrated that CIB1 is necessary for cancer cell survival and proliferation via regulation of two oncogenic signaling pathways, RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK and PI3K-AKT. Because these pathways are often upregulated in TNBC, we hypothesized that CIB1 may play a broader role in TNBC cell survival and tumor growth. Here we find that CIB1 is necessary for cell survival in multiple TNBC cell lines in vitro, and TNBC xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, elevated AKT activation status and low PTEN expression were key predictors of sensitivity to CIB1 depletion in TNBC cells. Importantly, CIB1 knockdown caused dramatic shrinkage of MDA-MB-468 xenograft tumors in vivo. RNA sequence analysis showed that CIB1 depletion activates gene programs associated with decreased proliferation and increased cell death. Taken together, our data are consistent with the emerging theory of non-oncogene addiction, where a large subset of TNBCs depend on CIB1 for cell survival and tumor growth, independent of CIB1 expression levels. Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane receptors important for cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix and transmission of signals through the cell membrane. Integrins are regulated via binding of cytoplasmic proteins to the integrin cytoplasmic tail. CIB1 was discovered as a binding partner of one integrin, αIIb, but the role of CIB1 in binding and regulating additional integrins was previously unknown. Here I also present evidence that CIB1 interacts with integrin αV via residues in the transmembrane portion of the integrin, can access these residues in the presence of a cell membrane, and that CIB1-integrin binding may contribute to cell signaling and proliferation. In summary, CIB1 is a diverse protein with important functions in TNBC cell survival and proliferation, as well as integrin biology.
Temperature Differences in the Cepheid Instability Strip Require Differences in the Period-Luminosity Relation in Slope and Zero Point

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A graphical and an algebraic demonstration is made to show why the slope and zero point of the Cepheid period-luminosity (P-L) relation is rigidly coupled with the slope and zero point of the Cepheid instability strip in the HR diagram. The graphical demonstration uses an arbitrary (toy) ridge line in the instability strip, while the algebraic demonstration uses the pulsation equation into which the observed P-L relations for the Galaxy and the LMC are put to predict the temperature zero points and slopes of the instability strips. Agreement between the predicted and measured instability strip slopes argue that the observed P-L differences between the Galaxy and LMC are real. In another proof, the direct evidence for different P-L slopes in different galaxies is shown by comparing the Cepheid data in the Galaxy, the combined data in NGC 3351 and NGC 4321, in M31, LMC, SMC, IC 1613, NGC 3109, and in Sextans A+B. The P-L slopes for the Galaxy, NGC 3351, NGC 4321, and M31 are nearly identical and are the steepest in the sample. The P-L slopes decrease monotonically with metallicity in the order listed, showing that the P-L relation is not the same in different galaxies, complicating their use in calibrating the extragalactic distance scale.
The implementation of OECD recommendations in Danish Policies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This thesis concerns the topic of policy change and therein the role that international organisations have on national policy change. It conducts research on the factors of what decide whether policy recommendations made by international organisations are implemented nationally. This is done through a test of two research hypotheses. One hypothesis objectifies that congruence among policy beliefs of national policymakers and professionals in international organisations induce implementation of policy recommendations. The second hypothesis contest that the quality and intensity of relations among national policymakers and professionals are a factor that induces implementation. In order to test these hypotheses empirically, two cases that represent a ‘most similar system’ was chosen. These cases were the Compulsory Education Reform in Denmark from 2013 and the Youth Employment Effort, also Denmark, from 2012. Prior to the agreement of these two reforms, the OECD had made reviews of the respective sectors – reviews that provided recommendations for further policy development. Here it was found that implementation of the policy recommendations occurred in the case of the education reform, whereas there was no implementation in the Youth Employment Effort. The explanation behind this was found to be the high degree of quality and intensity of relations that policymakers had with OECD professionals with development of the education reform – together with a detection of congruent policy beliefs among national policymakers and OECD professionals. In the other case, such findings were not inherent, and the reason for policy recommendations not being implemented could be prescribed to the absence of such quality and intensity of relations along with no shared policy core policy preferences among policymakers and the professionals of the OECD.
Governance and control of sharing economy platforms: Hosting on Airbnb

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Sharing economy platforms have recently surged as popular venues of business enabling people around the world to digitally interact and temporarily exchange their under-utilised assets. Beyond a very small number of exploratory studies of accounting practices underpinning these digital platform organisations, little is known about their governance and management control. This paper examines the governance and management control exercised by a digital platform owner over global users exhibited by Airbnb, a successful and pervasive sharing economy platform in the holiday accommodation sector. Through netnographic method, this study investigates the platform owner governance and control issues with respect to hosts. The analysis reveals the platform owner using predominantly formal bureaucratic control systems as mechanisms to govern and control its users. Through users’ compliance, they and their activities are made visible to the platform owner, which in turn maintains control over the value creation process. This study provides insights into how accounting systems are mobilised in digital platforms to facilitate their governance through mechanisms of surveillance, monitoring control over digital users worldwide, and how innovative and disruptive phenomena nonetheless rely on traditional technologies of governance to maintain power and control.
LES and POD/DMD Analysis of Thermoacoustic Oscillation of a Hydrogen Micromix Flame Pair

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The micromix combustion concept is a combustion technology for using high hydrogen content fuel in gas turbines. In September 2023, Kawasaki launched the world’s first DLE gas turbine for Hydrogen. Its combustor is a new design based on the micromix (MMX) combustion principle. The underlying gas turbine is the M1A-17 with a power output of 1.8 MWel. Natural gas co-firing of 50–100 vol.% H2 is possible for the entire load range. In the development of hydrogen gas turbine combustors, thermoacoustic oscillations become an important topic. The objective of this article is the investigation of dynamic effects of the micromix flames located inside a combustion chamber by unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations. The computational domain comprises of a micromix flame pair with opposing injection direction and its location and properties of its boundaries are defined by means of an acoustic mode analysis. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is applied and snapshots of the unsteady fields are captured and processed by Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD). The acoustic properties of the air inlet and hot gas outlet are varied to analyze their effect on the reproduction of thermoacoustic oscillations. It was found that a pressure reflecting boundary at the hot gas outlet has a dominant effect on the appearance of a longitudinal mode. Pressure reflecting boundaries in vertical direction did not stimulate acoustic resonance with a vertical mode.
Application of the Accurate Mass and Time Tag Approach to the\nProteome Analysis of Sub-cellular Fractions Obtained from\n<i>Rhodobacter </i><i>s</i><i>phaeroides</i> 2.4.1. Aerobic and Photosynthetic Cell Cultures

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The high-throughput accurate mass and time (AMT) tag proteomic approach was utilized to characterize\nthe proteomes for cytoplasm, cytoplasmic membrane, periplasm, and outer membrane fractions from\naerobic and photosynthetic cultures of the gram-nagtive bacterium <i>Rhodobacter sphaeroides</i> 2.4.1. In\naddition, we analyzed the proteins within purified chromatophore fractions that house the photosynthetic\napparatus from photosynthetically grown cells. In total, 8300 peptides were identified with high\nconfidence from at least one subcellular fraction from either cell culture. These peptides were derived\nfrom 1514 genes or 35% percent of proteins predicted to be encoded by the genome. A significant\nnumber of these proteins were detected within a single subcellular fraction and their localization was\ncompared to in silico predictions. However, the majority of proteins were observed in multiple\nsubcellular fractions, and the most likely subcellular localization for these proteins was investigated\nusing a Z-score analysis of estimated protein abundance along with clustering techniques. Good (81%)\nagreement was observed between the experimental results and in silico predictions. The AMT tag\napproach provides localization evidence for those proteins that have no predicted localization\ninformation, those annotated as putative proteins, and/or for those proteins annotated as hypothetical\nand conserved hypothetical.\nKeywords: <i>Rhodobacter sphaeroides</i> • comparative proteomics • Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass\nspectrometry (FTICR MS) • localization
A Model-Based Fault Accommodation System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Fault accommodation, the task of using the results from fault diagnosis to accommodate faults, is often performed by an operator through table-look-up strategies, which are often incomplete, time-consuming, and prone to errors. In this paper, we proposed an analytical model-based control redesign for fault accommodation. The whole fault accommodation system includes a dynamic process model, fault detection and isolation, fault identification and state estimation, and a dynamic optimization module for control redesign. One of the advantages of this method lies in its ability to simultaneously achieve economic optimality and operation safety because of its capability to handle both hard equipment constraints and operational constraints. Strategies for accommodating various types of abnormal situations are proposed. The details of each module are discussed, followed by a case study in which the methodology is applied to the Amoco model IV fluid catalytic cracking unit.
REPELLENT EFFECT OF LAGENARIA SICERARIA EXTRACTS AGAINST CULEX PIPIENS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ethanolic, acetone and petroleum ether extracts from leaves and stems of Lagenaria siceraria (Cucurbitaceae) were screened for their repellency effect against Culex pipiens L. mosquito.The repellent action of the present plant extracts were varied depending on the plant parts and the dose of extract.The petroleum ether extract of leaves showed the same repellency percent (100%) of commercial formulation, N. N. diethyl toulamide (DEET) at the higher dose (3.33 mg/cm 2 ), while petroleum ether extract from stems exhibiting the repellent action (89.6%) at the same dose, respectively.Ethanolic extracts of leaves and stems exhibited the lowest repellent activity as it recorded (81.3% and 69.1%) at (6.67 mg/cm 2 ), respectively.Results of this study may contribute to design an alternative way to control mosquitoes currently based on applications of synthetic insecticides.These extracts could be developed commercially as an effective personal protection measure against mosquito bites and thus to control diseases caused by mosquito-borne pathogens.
Review of Cleaning Methods for Solar Cell Array

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

With the fossil fuels in the verge of exhaustion, the renewable sources are being seen as the prospective potentials for energy, the solar photo voltaic technology is one such source that can look up. One of the problems in installing solar energy is pollution/dust and reduces the efficiency of the photovoltaic cell and major power loss when unwanted obstructions cover the surface of the panels. The obstruction turns the shaded cell into a resistor, causing it to heat up and consume extra power. There is urgency in improving the efficiency of solar power generation, to address this issue, we have discussed about self-cleaning solar panel, and different types of mechanical cleaning technology for solar panels in this paper.A transparent electrode material such as indium tin oxide delivers an alternating current to the top surface of the panel. As it swings between being positively and negatively charged, it creates an electric field that repels charged particles/dust.A fully automated, simple mechanical design use a rotating brush made up of soft microfiber in conjunction with air blowers which will remove all dust without water and without scratching.A nano-coating with hydrophobic and self-cleaning properties for photo voltaic panels, the coating’s effect stops dust and bird faeces from sticking to PV panels, keeping them clean, maintaining their efficiency.
Fluctuations of spasticity in the lower limbs in patients with multiple sclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A study of 25 patients with multiple sclerosis was performed to observe fluctuations of spasticity in the lower limbs during the day. Six muscle groups were tested on the left and right side, including the extensors, the adductors and the internal rotators of the hip, the flexors and extensors of the knee and the plantar flexors of the ankle. Spasticity was evaluated in supine position with the Ashworth scale four times during one day between 7.30 a.m. and 8.00 p.m. The data were analysed with the Friedman test. No statistically significant fluctuations in muscle tone were disclosed (α = 0.05) except for the knee extensors on the right side. An additional analysis with statistics of concordance based on the comparison of consecutive scores confirmed the finding that no major changes of spasticity were registered with the Ashworth scale for the 25 patients during the period of testing. The general opinion of clinicians, that spasticity is a variable phenomenon, was not supported statistically by the results of the present study, possibly because of the standardization of the test situation. The fact that standardization of the test situation might be enough to obtain steady scores on the Ashworth scale could be interesting in studies of the effects of treatments on spasticity.
Treatment of candidal urinary tract infection with nifuratel.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Three patients with candidal urinary tract infections were successfully treated with oral nifuratel, a nitrofuran antimicrobial agent active against yeast and Trichomonas as well as urinary bacterial pathogens. The recommended dose is 400 mg thrice daily for a week. No side effects that could be attributed to the treatment were noted. Minimum ibhibitory concentration determinations for nifuratel against Candida strains of five species showed that 48 out of 59 organisms were inhibited by 50 mg/1 or less, the three strains of Candida species eliminated from our treated patients having MICs of nifuratel in the range of 10-50 mg/1.
Evaluation of Nuclear Warhead Symmetry Detection by Compton Camera

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Compton camera is a promising instrument for nuclear material imaging in arms control scenarios. In planning to build a Compton camera to detect the symmetry of shielded nuclear materials, the energy spectrum of gamma-rays escaping from the Steve Fetter Nuclear Warhead model is obtained using Monte Carlo simulation. Then, a point model is defined for our study. The proposed Compton camera uses a 5-cm × 5-cm × 1-mm double-sided silicon strips detector as the scattering detector and a segmented ϕ5.08 × 5.08-cm NaI(Tl) array as the absorbing detector. How high-energy gamma-rays impact low-energy characteristic gamma-ray imaging is studied. The result shows that high-energy gamma-rays will reduce the imaging accuracy and signal-to-noise ratio. The holistic angle resolution measured can reach 4.15 deg by all characteristic gamma-rays. The symmetry research result shows that the Compton camera can detect the symmetry property of a nuclear warhead with obvious symmetry or asymmetry.
Integration of proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack with a methanol reformer the reformer design and testing

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A methanol reformer is a device that produces hydrogen gas from methanol and water mixture. This process is called steam reforming of methanol. The purpose of this process is to provide pure hydrogen to fuel cell, especially in automobile applications, to generate electricity. The significance of this device is that it bypasses all the issues that hydrogen storage may encountered in automobile application, which are extreme low temperature and high pressure. This project fabricated a testing rig for steam reforming of methanol catalysts development. Firstly, a compact aluminum reformer with Ø52mm 150mm length was fabricated. The designed working temperature of the reformer is from 220°C to 300°C to test various catalysts performance. The reformer combined a Ø10mm 45mm steam vaporizer and a Ø10mm 45mm reformer into a single cylindrical unit. The vaporizer volume was occupied with porous alumina pellets to enhance vaporizing performance. The loading capacity of the reformer chamber is from 3 gram to 5 gram, which varies from catalysts density. Electrical heater simulated as methanol catalytic combustion heat source to start up the reforming and the reformer temperature stabilized in desired temperature within 30 minutes. Secondly, commercial CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 based catalyst was tested on the rig as reference. Parametric studies were carried out to test the effect of reforming temperature, fuel feed rate and water-fuel ratio on methanol conversion rate and H2 selectivity. Experimental results coincided with literatures that higher reforming temperature yield higher fuel conversion rate. Results showed average 83.54% methanol conversion rate with fuel feed rate 0.25 ml per minutes and reforming temperature 280°C. The drawback of higher reforming temperature CO concentration increased, which is not good for fuel cell catalyst. Gas analyzer showed CO concentration 908 to1180 particle per million in the production gas. CO concentration can be reduced by introduce higher water-fuel ratio and faster feed rate of the fuel.
Photographs, Memories, Monuments and Movements: Black and White Istanbul in the Work of Orhan Pamuk and Ara Güler

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Combining images and words when relating to a city has a long history; in Istanbul’s case, it has its roots in the Orientalist tradition and in the great journeys to the “East.” For the Istanbul of the twenty-first century, the most renowned combination of photography and literature is Orhan Pamuk’s Istanbul: Memories and the City (2003), a portrait of the writer as a young artist accompanied with black-and-white photographs of Istanbul. Pamuk’s use of the photographs of Ara Güler draws from the tradition of travel writing and autobiography, documenting both the lost city and, conversely, endowing the melancholy of the narrative with a reality effect that is difficult to trace in writing. This paper discusses Pamuk’s use of photography in the memoir to address how his work supplies a heterogeneous archive of memories which both preserves and transforms the entangled pasts and presents of the city.
Effects of a peer support programme for youth social services employees experiencing potentially traumatic events: a protocol for a prospective cohort study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction The use of peer support programmes to help workers experiencing potentially traumatic events (PTE) has increased in high-risk organisations in the last decades. However, the scientific evidence of its effectiveness is still very limited. This paper aims to describe the protocol of a prospective cohort study that assesses the efficacy of a peer support programme among youth social services employees exposed to a PTE at work on psychological well-being, work functioning and needs of support. Methods and analysis This is a mixed-methods prospective study that will examine workers' evolution four times over a 12-month period in Canada. This study involves: (1) quantitative data obtained through self-administrated questionnaires among 222 workers, and (2) qualitative in-depth interviews with a subsample of 45 workers. This study will compare findings from a cohort who received the support of a peer following a PTE (peer support–experimental protocol) as part of the experimental protocol of the Montreal Youth Social Services-University Institute (MYSS-UI), the second group of workers did not ask for the peer support (no peer support-experimental protocol) but was part of MYSS-UI, and the third group received standard organisational support from the Monteregie Youth Social Services (MYSS) (standard organisational protocol). Ethics and dissemination The protocol and informed consent form complied with the ethics guidelines of the MYSS-UI. The Research Ethics Board of MYSS-UI and MYSS reviewed and accepted the protocol as required. The results of the study will be published in peer-reviewed journals, presented at research and general public conferences, disseminated via a public report for the institute that funded the project and for all workers. Results of this study will influence decision making regarding intervention policies following PTE and peer support interventions may be expanded throughout the youth social services in Canada and worldwide.