jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Short chain fatty acids induce ANGPTL4 via PPARγ

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4, also referred to as Fiaf) has been proposed as circulating mediator between the gut microbiota and fat storage in adipose tissue. Very little is known about mechanisms of regulation of ANGPTL4 in the colon. Here we show that transcription and subsequent secretion of ANGPTL4 in human T84 and HT-29 colonocytes is highly induced by physiological concentrations of products of bacterial fermentation, the short chain fatty acids (SCFA). Induction of ANGPTL4 by SCFA cannot be mimicked by the histone deacetylase inhibitor Trichostatin A. SCFA induce ANGPTL4 by activating the nuclear receptor PPARγ, as shown by use of PPARγ antagonist, PPARγ knock-down, and transactivation assay, which shows activation of PPARγ but not PPARα and PPARδ. At concentrations required for PPARγ activation and ANGPTL4 induction in colonocytes, SCFA do not stimulate PPARγ in mouse 3T3-L1 and human SGBS adipocytes, suggesting that SCFA act as selective PPARγ modulators (SPPARM), which is supported by coactivator peptide recruitment assay and structural modelling. Consistent with the notion that fermentation leads to PPAR activation in vivo, feeding mice a diet rich in inulin was associated with induction of PPAR target genes and pathways in the colon, as shown by microarray and subsequent gene set enrichment analysis. It can be concluded that 1) SCFA potently stimulate ANGPTL4 synthesis in human colonocytes; 2) SCFA transactivate and bind to PPARγ by serving as selective PPAR modulators. Our data point to activation of PPARγ as a novel mechanism of gene regulation by SCFA in the colon.
Exploration and Practice on Industrial Robot Experimental Teaching Based on Virtuality and Reality Combination

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In view of the common problems currently existing in the industrial robot experimental teaching in the higher vocational colleges, this paper, through deep integration of the traditional experimental teaching and the virtual simulation technology, proposes the industrial robot experimental teaching mode based on the combination of virtuality and reality. The teaching process is divided into three parts: pre-class, in-class and post-class, and the experimental teaching design is elaborated in details by taking the "material blocks handling experiment" as an example. Practices proved that the experimental teaching mode based on the virtuality and reality combination has improved the efficiency and quality of classroom teaching, enriched the after-school time of students and improved the depth and scope of learning, which played a positive role in promoting the specialty construction and talent cultivation, and could provide reference for the experimental teaching of related specialties in similar colleges and universities.
Modulation of virus-induced innate immunity and type 1 diabetes by IL-1 blockade

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We used the LEW1.WR1 model of Kilham rat virus (KRV)-induced type 1 diabetes (T1D) to test the hypothesis that blocking IL-1 pathways early in the course of the disease can modulate virus-induced innate immunity and prevent disease progression. Administering KRV plus IL-1 receptor antagonist (Anakinra) for 14 d prevented insulitis and T1D. Anakinra reversed the KRV-induced systemic inflammation evidenced by the accumulation of T cells in the spleen and pancreatic lymph nodes on d 5 post-infection. Blocking IL-1 modulated the level of IRF-7 and IL-6 gene expression in the spleen and the p40 subunit of IL-12 and IL-23 in the serum. Anakinra did not interfere with the ability of LEW1.WR1 rats to clear the virus from the spleen, pancreatic lymph nodes or serum. Consistent with these data, normal levels of KRV-specific adaptive immune responses were detected in in the spleen and peripheral blood of the treated animals. Finally, blocking IL-1 pathways reversed the KRV-induced modulation of gut bacterial communities. The data may imply that IL-1 pathways are directly linked with early mechanisms whereby KRV infection leads to islet destruction, raising the hypothesis that blocking IL-1 pathways early in the course of the disease could be a useful therapeutic approach for disease prevention.
Destabilizing Divergences in Supergravity Theories

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the stability of the gauge hierarchy in hidden-sector supergravity theories. We show that a destabilizing tadpole can appear if a theory has a gauge- and global-symmetry singlet with renormalizable couplings to the visible fields. We also find a quadratically divergent two-loop contribution to the supersymmetric effective potential. This term illustrates the difficulty of using the "LHC mechanism" to control quadratic divergences in theories with Planck-scale vevs.
Postoperative Complications in the General Surgery Department of the Cs Ref of Commune I of the District of Bamako Mali

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Postoperative complications represent important indicators for the quality of surgical care. The objectives of this work were to study post-operative complications in the general surgery department of the Cs ref of commune I in Mali, to determine the frequency of post-operative complications, to identify the factors of occurrence, to describe the clinical aspects, diagnostic and therapeutic in order to assess the additional cost linked to post-operative complications. This study was prospective, carried out in the general surgery department on 300 cases of surgical interventions. It covered all patients aged at least 15 years, operated on and hospitalized or not, and who presented complications during the 30 days postoperatively. Patients under the age of 15 were not included (our general surgery department is not a pediatric surgery department). We collected 300 patients among whom 199 (66.33%) were men and 101 (33.66%) women, i.e. a sex ratio = 1.9. The average age was 38 years with extremes of 15 and 87 years. The main initial diagnoses were: acute appendicitis, peritonitis, occlusions, wall hernias, hemorrhoids, uterine prolapse, uterine myomas, ovarian cysts and acute cholecystitis. Emergencies represented 43% (N = 129) of interventions with 6.98% post-operative complications (POC). Postoperative complications were dominated by surgical site infections, 75% of cases (N = 20), wall hemorrhage 5% (N = 1), testicular necrosis 5% (N = 1) and testicular calcification 5% (N = 1), wire rejection 5% (N = 1) and death 5% (N = 1). The management of postoperative complications was surgical in 95% and medical in 100%. Their occurrence extended the hospital stay by 3.65 days and increased the average cost of care by 60541.85 CFA francs. The mortality index lowered by efficient management of complications (IMAGE) calculated in relation to deaths was 95% of cases. Anemia, ASA score ≥ III, Alteimeir II and IV classes, duration of surgery and post-operative hospitalization were factors contributing to post-operative complications.
The Economic Crisis (2009–2013) and Electoral Support for the Radical Right in Western Europe—Some New and Unexpected Findings

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Objectives This article evaluates the influence of the economic crisis (2009–2013) on the vote share of the radical right in Western European regions. I ask two questions: (1) Has the radical right electorally benefited from the recession that has hit Western Europe in the aftermath of the U.S. and European stock market crisis in 2008/2009? (2) Has it performed particularly well in areas that have been very hard hit by the crisis? Methods I evaluate both questions in a longitudinal and multivariate framework through pooled time series analysis. The analysis, which controls for immigration, the education level of the region, and population density, covers more than 150 regions in 17 European countries from 1990 to 2013. Results First, I find that the 2009 to 2013 economic crisis has merely triggered a very moderate increase of 1 percentage point in the aggregate average regional vote share of the radical right. Second, and with the exception of regions in Greece and France, my results also indicate that the radical right has had the strongest electoral gains in regions and countries that have been relatively spared from the gust of the crisis. Conclusion This quantitative study highlights that an economic crisis is no panacea for the success of the radical right.
AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF "MUHAMMAD AND HIS POWER" BY "LACY JOHNSTON

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT The claims “made by Johnston against the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) are examined in this article. From the standpoint of the Sunnah and the Quran, the emphasis is on responding to the three primary accusations he has made against the Holy Prophet (PBUH).”In these allegations, firstly, “Johnston states that as a youth, he tended to flocks, a job that suited his mild character. He claims that no Prophet, except Moses and David, had been sent without being a shepherd or herdsman”. Secondly, “alleges the Prophet's marriage with Hazrat Zainab (RA).” Thirdly, “he alleges that Hazrat Hassan (RA) is voluptuous and indulges himself in sensual tastes,” which earned him the name of "The Divorecer.” These accusations are based only on heresy or the use of unreliable sources. The Quran, the Sunnah, and other reliable sources are used in this article to counter these claims.
LHD NB3arm #941509.2

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The neutral beam (NB) shine-through profile is routinely monitored on the Large Helical Device (LHD) both to calibrate the port-through power of the NB and to evaluate the NB-deposition power to LHD plasmas. The profile is measured with a calorimeter (CM) array on an armor plate of the NB counter wall inside the LHD vacuum vessel.
Isolation of Bartonella rattimassiliensis sp. nov. and Bartonella phoceensis sp. nov. from European Rattus norvegicus

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Thirty-three isolates of Bartonella spp., including 11 isolates not belonging to previously known species, were isolated from 66 Rattus norvegicus subjects trapped in the city of Marseille, France. Based on seven different gene sequences, the 11 isolates were assigned to Bartonella rattimassiliensis sp. nov. and Bartonella phoceensis sp. nov.
Chemometrically assisted RP-HPLC method development for efficient separation of ivabradine and its eleven impurities

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this study was to develop a novel reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for efficient separation of ivabradine and its 11 impurities. Similar polarity of impurities in the sample mixture made method optimization challenging and accomplishable only when different chemometric tools, such as principal component analysis (PCA), Box–Behnken design (BBD), and desirability function as a multicriteria approach, were employed. The presence of 3 positional isomers (impurities III, V, and VI), keto–enol tautomerism of impurity VII, and diastereoisomers of impurity X made separation of this complex mixture even more challenging. Chromatographic retention parameters obtained with the mobile phase consisting of 30 mM phosphate buffer and acetonitrile (80:20, v/v) on four different RP-HPLC columns at varying pH values (3.0, 4.0, and 5.0) were subjected to the PCA analysis to select the column with the most appropriate selectivity. Then the column temperature, pH of the aqueous component of mobile phase, phosphate buffer molarity and the organic solvent content in the mobile phase were estimated employing BBD. Valid and reliable mathematical models towards resolution of twelve critical peak pairs were obtained. After determination of the desirability making criteria for all responses, desirability functions were established and used in optimization. The proposed optimal chromatographic conditions included the Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 chromatographic column (100 × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μm), the column temperature of 34 °C, the mobile phase flow rate of 1.6 mL min −1 and the UV detection at 220 nm. The mobile phase consisted of the 28 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.0 and acetonitrile (85:15, v/v). Separation of one pair of positional isomers was not achieved, so methanol was added to the organic part of mobile phase in small increments with the optimal ratio of methanol to acetonitrile 59:41, v/v. The overall organic component of the mobile phase also increased to 18%, accelerating the chromatographic analysis.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Substitution of connexin40 with connexin45 prevents hyperreninemia and attenuates hypertension.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Connexins (Cxs) are a family of transmembrane proteins that form gap junctions with unique and redundant biophysical functions. Juxtaglomerular cells express Cx40, which is crucial to the control of renin secretion by blood pressure and angiotensin II, and mice that lack Cx40 have high plasma renin and hypertension. To examine whether normal juxtaglomerular cell function depends on the unique properties of Cx40, we measured renin release in mice where the coding sequence for Cx40 was replaced by that for Cx45, using the knock-in method. We first found that the knock-in strategy indeed resulted in expression of Cx45 but not Cx40 in the juxtaglomerular cells of these mice. The plasma renin concentration of the knock-in mice was similar to that in wild-type mice. The high blood pressure of the Cx40 knockout mice was significantly reduced when Cx45 was knocked into the locus but remained mildly elevated compared to wild-type mice. Blockade of angiotensin II formation by enalapril increased the plasma renin concentration in wild-type and the Cx45 knock-in mice but not in the Cx40 knockout mice. Infusion of angiotensin II into isolated perfused kidneys results in decreased renin release, a phenomenon that was attenuated in the Cx40 knockout mice. However, in the Cx45 knock-in mice, angiotensin II suppressed renin release similar to its effect in wild type mice. Unilateral renal artery stenosis increased the plasma renin concentration and blood pressure in both the wild-type and the Cx45 knock-in mice but not in the Cx40 knockout mice. Since Cx40 can be replaced by Cx45, a connexin with a significantly lower conductivity, we suggest that the regulation of renin release is not dependent on the unique electrical properties of these channel proteins. PMID: 19109587
Non‐invasive cardiovascular profiling using combined electrocardiogram–Doppler ultrasonography and impedance cardiography: An experimental approach

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary In the present study, the feasibility of cardiovascular profiling using both combined electrocardiogram ( ECG )– D oppler ultrasonography and impedance cardiography ( ICG ) was evaluated. Fourteen non‐pregnant healthy women received 500 mL saline solution ( NaCl 0.9% at 999 mL/h) intravenously by steady state infusion. Before and after this acute volume loading, we measured orthostatic‐challenged cardiac and arterial characteristics using ICG and assessed venous characteristics by combined ECG – Doppler before and during the V alsalva manoeuvre. Changes are expressed as the mean ± SEM and were evaluated by the one‐sample Wilcoxon signed‐rank test. After volume loading, the observed fall in stroke volume after postural change from supine to standing decreased (–14 ± 3 vs –23 ± 2%; P = 0.011). Hepatic A wave velocity increased 63 ± 28% after volume loading ( P = 0.007) and decreased during the Valsalva manoeuvre (–205 ± 21%; P = 0.001). Volume loading raised the thoracic fluid content index in both the supine and standing positions (7 ± 2% and 10 ± 1%, respectively; P ≤ 0.014). Combined ECG –Doppler ultrasonography and ICG enables the non‐invasive identification of concomitant haemodynamic changes at the level of the heart, the arterial bed and the venous compartment. Our data support the view that non‐invasive cardiovascular profiling is feasible, which seems particularly useful for the evaluation of patients who are not critically ill, such as pregnant women.
Physicochemical properties of insoluble dietary fiber from pomelo ( Citrus grandis ) peel modified by ball milling

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This work is focused on the modification of insoluble dietary fiber from pomelo (Citrus grandis) peel (PP-IDF) by ball milling. Ball milling intensified water and oil holding capacity and water swelling capacity by 43.7%, 65.1%, and 107.5%, respectively. Besides, 97.1% of taurocholic acid, 45.3% of glucose, and 9.3 μg/mg of NO2− were bound by milled insoluble dietary fibers (IDFs). The oil-in-water Pickering emulsions were successfully emulsified by ball-milled PP-IDFs. The ball-milled PP-IDF for 2.0 hr (PP-IDF-BM2h) exhibited higher stability after storage owing to its relative strong electrostatic and steric repulsions intensified by milling process. A simulated three-stage gastrointestinal tract (GIT) model was employed to explore the physical stability of emulsion in the digestive system. Ball milling contributed promotion on stability emulsion but ion strength in simulated liquids predominated in affecting ζ potential. Overall, ball milling extended green protocols for modification of properties for dietary fiber, providing a promising application in food industry. Practical applications For safety consideration, materials used for food processing should be in low toxicity with less employment of chemicals. Hence, it is essential to develop a green and renewable strategy to modify properties of dietary fiber (DF) in food applications. Ball milling is a simple and low cost strategy that can effectively improve or modify physicochemical properties including crystallinity, surface potential, water and oil holding capacities, and hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties. Importantly, ball milling can treat dietary fiber in batch processing with no waste and chemicals, which is suitable for industrial applications.
Minor oral surgery in anticoagulated patients: local measures alone are sufficient for haemostasis.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Minor oral surgery in warfarinized patients can be performed without stopping or altering the dose of the drug. Thirty patients underwent various types of oral surgical procedures without interruption of their anticoagulant therapy and their therapeutic international normalized ratio maintained. Local measures such as pressure, packing the sockets with oxidized regenerated cellulose, and suturing were applied. In some patients, tranexamic acid mouthwashes were prescribed to further enhance haemostasis. Four patients had minimal postoperative bleeding in the form of bloodstained saliva, which lasted for 24 hours. This study highlights the importance of local measures in controlling postoperative bleeding in warfarinized patients undergoing minor oral surgical procedures.
Plant Characteristics and Chromosome Numbers of Four Reciprocal Crosses in Dendrobium

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Progenies of four sets of reciprocal crosses in Dendrobium were compared. Reciprocal matings of amphidiploid D. Jaquelyn Thomas did not differ in floral characteristics. In reciprocal crosses of D. strebloceras and D. canaliculatum, offspring with D. canaliculatum cytoplasm produced more pseudobulbs and were taller in the greenhouse. In a reciprocal cross of two D. canaliculaturn accessions, offspring with ’D17 3 - 2' cytoplasm, were taller, produced more pseudobulbs, and had higher yields. All offspring were diploids with 2n = 38. Cytoplasmic inheritance may be the cause of the differences. Reciprocal crosses of D. schulleri x D. Sunset differed in flower quality and in chromosome numbers. Two offspring of D. schulleri x D. Sunset were triploid with 2n = ca. 57. Ten offspring of D. Sunset x D. schulleri were diploids with 2n = ca. 38.
High-quality genome assembly of the soybean fungal pathogen Cercospora kikuchii

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Plant diseases caused by the Cercospora genus of ascomycete fungi are a major concern for commercial agricultural practices. Several Cercospora species can affect soybeans, such as Cercospora kikuchii which causes soybean leaf blight. Speciation in Cercospora on soybean has not been adequately studied. Some cryptic groups of Cercospora also cause diseases on soybean. Moreover, it has been known C. kikuchii population genetic structure is different between countries. Consequently, further genomic information could help to elucidate the covert differentiation of Cercospora diseases in soybean. Here, we report for the first time, a chromosome-level genome assembly for C. kikuchii. The genome assembly of 9 contigs was 34.44 Mb and the N50 was 4.19 Mb. Based on ab initio gene prediction, several candidates for pathogenicity-related genes, including 242 genes for putative effectors, 55 secondary metabolite gene clusters, and 399 carbohydrate-active enzyme genes were identified. The genome sequence and the features described in this study provide a solid foundation for comparative and evolutionary genomic analysis for Cercospora species that cause soybean diseases worldwide.
Scalable free energy computation of polymers in explicit solvent using TMMC and pre-generated conformation libraries

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We present a novel application of the Transition Matrix Monte Carlo (TMMC) algorithm to compute the relative free energies of polymers in explicit solvents as a function of a selected order parameter. Our method leverages a pre-generated library of polymer conformations in vacuum, coupled with explicit solvent environments using the Growth Expanded Ensemble (GEE) framework. The integration of TMMC within GEE addresses sampling challenges by introducing bias in Monte Carlo simulations while enabling the computation of unbiased probability distributions and relative free energies. A key advantage of our approach is its flexibility—the polymer conformation library can be generated using any sampling technique, including Molecular Dynamics or Monte Carlo simulations, in implicit or explicit solvents and at different temperatures. The method is adaptable to any collective variable (CV) and can be extended to compute free energies as a function of multiple CVs. Furthermore, its parallelizable structure makes it highly scalable on multi-core central processing units and graphics processing unit architectures. To demonstrate its applicability, we apply it to a fully flexible polymer model consisting of Lennard-Jones particles connected via a harmonic potential, immersed in an explicit solvent of Lennard-Jones particles. The relative free energies are computed as a function of the radius of gyration. Results for three different solvents, obtained by varying the polymer–solvent interaction strength, reveal that the polymer preferentially adopts an extended conformation in good solvents and a collapsed conformation in poor solvents, consistent with theoretical expectations. Our method provides a computationally efficient and scalable framework for free energy calculations, with broad applications in polymer physics and macromolecular thermodynamics.