jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
How Does Entrepreneurial Networking Improve the Sustainability of Women-led Micro Enterprises?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Women-led microenterprises contribute to economic development through job creation, extend resources to rural communities, reduce poverty, and improve family wellbeing. However, little is known about how women entrepreneurs in contexts stricken by institutional, cultural, and religious constraints grow microenterprises. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine how women entrepreneurs in developing countries improve the sustainability of microenterprises. We ground our study in social capital theory to test the partial mediating role of entrepreneurial learning behavior and self-organization in the relationship between entrepreneurial networking and sustainability of microenterprises. Based on a sample of 581 women-led microenterprises in Uganda, we test our model using ordinary partial least squares regression through SmartPLS version 3.3.3. The results support our theorizing that entrepreneurial networking has a positive and significant effect on sustainability of microenterprise performance and that the relationship is partially mediated by entrepreneurial learning behavior and self-organization. Our findings provide evidence that financial and nonfinancial resources available through women entrepreneur’s networks improve the sustainability of microenterprises which in turn enhance family wellbeing and economic development. We extend application of social capital theory among women-led microenterprises and offer insight to policymakers when making decisions directed towards growth and survival of microenterprises.
MANNOPROTEIN FROM SPENT YEAST OBTAINED FROM THAI TRADITIONAL LIQUOR DISTILLATION: EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Mannoprotein from spent yeast obtained from Thai traditional liquor distillation was extracted by autoclaving in a neutral citrate buffer for 30 min. The yield of mannoprotein was 0.27 g/g wet cells. The mannoprotein obtained was evaluated for chemical and physical stability to establish its potential use as a natural emulsifier in processed foods. The extracted mannoprotein exhibited emulsion of 60.23% toward palm oil as oil‐in‐water and had a critical emulsifier concentration of 20 g/l. The composition of the mannoprotein was 96% carbohydrate and 4% protein. The emulsion activity of the mannoprotein was similar to those of commercial emulsifiers (lecithin and gum arabic). The emulsion activity of mannoprotein towards palm oil was stable over a broad range of pH (3–12), NaCl concentrations of 0–3% (w/v), CaCl 2 and MgCl 2 concentrations of 0–0.1% (w/v). Temperature did not affect the emulsion activity of mannoprotein. Mannoprotein from spent yeast could be developed as a source of bioemulsifier for use in the food industry. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Mannoprotein from spent yeast obtained from Thai traditional liquor distillation is considered to have an activity similar to the commercial emulsifiers, lecithin and gum arabic. It could be developed as a source of bioemulsifier for use in the food industry. The production of the bioemulsifier would be economically advantageous as the process converts a low‐value waste into a high‐value product.
Laser-Metal Interaction with a Pulse Shorter the Ion Period: Ablation Threshold, Electrons Emission and Ions Explosion

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Laser energy per unit surface, necessary to trigger the material removal, decreases with the pulse shortening becoming the pulse-time independent in the sub-picosecond range. These pulses are shorter the electron-to-ion energy transfer time and electronic heat conduction time minimizing the energy losses. The electrons receiving the energy larger than the threshold, drag the ions off the surface in the mode of electrostatic ablation. We show that the pulse shorter than the ion period (Shorter-the-Limit (StL)) ejects conduction electrons with the energy larger than the work function (from a metal) leaving the bare ions immobile in a few atomic layers. The electrons emission is followed by the bare ion&rsquo;s explosion, ablation, and THz radiation from expanding plasma. We compare this phenomenon to the classic photo effect, nanocluster Coulomb explosions, show differences and consider possibilities for detecting the new mode of ablation experimentally by emitted THz radiation and consider applications of high-precision nano-machining with this low intensity irradiation.
Features of parents’ selection and efficiency of artificial hybridization of Canna L.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Possibilities of artificial hybridization with the use of genotypes from different Cannes groups and the prospect of attracting introduced species for genetically breeding enrichment of the modern Cannes variety are considered.\n\nThe purpose of the work was to select parental pairs for artificial hybridization of Canna for genetically-selective enrichment of its diversity for cultivation in the southern arid region of Ukraine (in Kryvyi Rih). The pollen fertility index of introduced species and varieties of different groups of Canna was used for the selection of parental pairs.\n\nMaterials and Methods. The research was done on 7 species (C. tuerckheimii Kraenzi.; C. indica var. warscewiczii Nob. Tanaka; C. iridiflora Ruiz&Pav.; C. flacida Salisd.; C. indica var. edulis Ker Gawl.; C. indica var. coccinea Mill.; C. indica L.) and 28 varieties of Canna of this collectors' fund. Pollen was chosen in finishing phase of budding for the cytologic analysis and fertility was being defined by iodine reaction of starch, according to the approved method. Hybridization was brought into action using known techniques for Canna. Dates of artificial hybridization and times of castration of the flower have been set according to ecological and climatic conditions of the industrial region.\n\nResults. On the basis of cytogenetic analysis of pollen of introduced species and promising varieties of Canna, parental pairs for artificial hybridization for the purpose of genetically-selective enrichment of its diversity and obtaining specimens, suitable for cultivation in the steppe zone of Ukraine, in particular in the ecologically destabilized region were selected. The approach to the selection of the original forms of Canna for artificial hybridization on the basis of cytogenetic analysis of pollen is developed.\n\nConclusions. According to the index of pollen quality (FI) in final period of bud formation prospective introduced species Сanna were marked for further usage as parental forms in hybridization schemes. The most effective combinations of crossings were found on the basis of performed artificial hybridization as promising introduced Canna varieties for steppe zone and industrial region of Ukraine. The most effective combinations were obtained when crossing among the varieties of the Crozy group.\n\nTwo selection forms have been pointed out from the received fund of hybrid plants Canna as to the complex of ornamental characteristic and have been introduced to the collection fund for their further implementation in landscape gardening
Tumor budding (TB) in Colorectal Cancer (CRC), The Best Slide To Count On!

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction/Objective TB is a strong prognosticator in CRC. The international TB consensus conference (ITBCC, 2016) proposed a “hot spot” approach for TB grading. We aimed to identify the characteristics of sections with the highest TB grade utilizing ITBCC’s method. Methods Resected CRC cases, excluding treated cases, were retrieved. All tumor sections were examined. Section TB grade(sTB) was noted. The highest sTB was deemed the final TB grade(fTB) of each case. The following categories were assessed: 1) maximum T stage; 2) presence of benign mucosa; 3) presence of a precursor lesion; 4) highest tumor volume; 5) presence of lymphovascular invasion(LVI). In cases where a given category was demonstrated in &gt;1 section, the section with the highest sTB was used. High risk features (HFR) included T4, &lt;12 lymph nodes, positive margin, high grade tumor, perineural invasion and LVI. Pearson’s correlation was performed to compare two groups using a p-value of &lt;0.05. Results 147 cases were examined. fTB was 1=25.2%, 2=40.8% and 3=34%. 63 tumors involved the left colon and 62 had nodal disease. Of 119 cases with known MMR status 44 were MMR deficient. sTB was uniform across the categories in 101(68.7%) and uneven in 46(32.3%) cases. 12(24.5%) of 49 stage II CRC without HRF showed uneven sTB, with 2 showing 2-tier discrepancy (sTB1, fTB3). sTB was highest for category 3 (94.1%, P&lt;.001), followed by category 2 (91.8%, P&lt;.001), and lowest for category 1 (82.3%, P&lt;.001), which remained true after subgrouping by MMR status and tumor location. Conclusion While about 70% of cases showed uniform TB grading across categories, choosing the slide(s) with a precursor lesion or benign mucosa increases the probability of correctly grading TB. Given the management implication, it may be prudent to scan all tumor slides in stage II CRC without HRF to avoid under-grading of TB.
PENGARUH RETURN ON EQUITY DAN DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa tinggi pengaruh return on equity (ROE) dan debt to equity ratio (DER) terhadap harga saham pada perusahaan sub sektor konstruksi yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2016-2020. Model penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif. Jenis data penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang diunduh dari situs resmi bursa efek indonesia berupa laporan keuangan tahunan periode 2016-2020. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik studi pustaka dan studi dokumentasi. Analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa terdapat pengaruh signifikan secara simultan return on equity dan debt to equity ratio terhadap harga saham. Hasil penelitian secara parsial membuktikan bahwa return on equity tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham, sedangkan debt to equity ratio berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham.
[Bowen-Conrad syndrome].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An observation of multiple malformation defects (Bowen-Conradi syndrome) is presented. The main morphological manifestations included: marked prenatal hypoplasia, facial dysplasias, microgeny, clinodactylia of little fingers, hypospadia, cryptorchism, changes in the central nervous system. All the patients with this syndrome die within the first year of life. The disease is inherited by the autosome-recessive type.
Is Systemic Operation Design Capable of Reducing Significantly Bias in Operational Level Planning Caused by Military Organizational Culture

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Bias caused by organizational culture is a constant companion of military planning. Cognitive models dominated by Newtonian, mechanistic, and reductionist thinking have all but fixed bias at the operational level of war where environmental orientation to a rival is rarely more than an ideological mirage. The results are brittle campaign plans that are predictable by any thinking competitor. Systemic Operation Design claims to address this problem by re-orienting users to each unique problem they face. It rejects the unconscious application of previous experiences and cognitive templates as a dangerous trap that is more likely to produce incoherent and flawed actions than effective operational art and science. As a holistic approach, it seeks to self-consciously and cognitively orient users to the problem at hand before investigating the logic underlying the form of the system that connects them to a given rival entity. Instead of working in reverse from teleological, mechanistic, rigid, and pre-determined strategic end-states to possible actions likely to deliver them, the approach seeks to frame the logical terms for planning to begin while recognizing that the most likely outcome of a given action is a series of new issues that will alter the dynamic and adaptive system, preferably in the strategic direction desired. It sets as its goal the manipulation of the evolution of systemic changes resulting from actions or threatened actions, which create circumstances that facilitate one's own logic and are self-regulating. This paper examines the continuing problem of bias caused by military organizational culture and an addiction to the rigid application of reductionist epistemologies. It then investigates how Systemic Operation Design seeks to overcome the problems it claims to address, and concludes by outlining the principal future organizational challenges that its application might demand.
A Five-Year Trend of Medical Books among House Officers of Abbottabad-In the Perspective Of Self-Regulated Learning Mode

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVES In the current study, the primary motive is to access the choices of medical books and trends among house officers retrospectively, from 1st year to the final year of MBBS. METHODOLOGY After approval of the study from the ethical committee, the cross-sectional study was undertaken in the public-private medical teaching hospitals of Abbottabad-Pakistan. The study was conducted from January 2023 to January 2024. The nonprobability purposive sampling technique was applied for data collection on a predesigned written questionnaire. The data was analyzed using SPSS software version 21. RESULTSAround 344 house officers (n=344) participated in the present study. Most of the participants were male {65% (225/344)}. About 300/344 use electronic media with significant female gender predominance (p=0.03). In terms of 5-year academic performance, 60% of females (71/119) had average scores in MBBS with a significance of 0.003. The rate of below-average results was 32% (96/300) in participants who preferred electronic media, while the rate was only 18% (8/44) in participants who used print media with a significance of 0.05. The fundamentals of gynecology by Arshad Chohan was significantly preferred by females as compared to Irfan Masood by males with a p-value of 0.04. CONCLUSION The majority of house officers used the textbooks of international authors in the first 3 years of graduation as a standard primary book but here after many preferred the books of local authors. The use of electronic media to achieve the goal is common but the effect on academics was not productive.
Central Atrophy Early in Multiple Sclerosis: Third Ventricle Volumetry versus Planimetry

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebral atrophy has been suggested to be a reliable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) predictor of subsequent disability in all stages of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, no accepted methodology for routine clinical use exists to date. We sought an easy to apply and fast technique to evaluate cerebral ventricular volume in patients with MS with similar accuracy as a semiautomatic volumetric method. METHODS The study included 104 patients, 61 diagnosed with MS and 43 with clinically isolated syndrome. In addition, 30 healthy controls were enrolled. Physical disability was assessed with the expanded disability status scale and cognitive disability with the Multiple Sclerosis Inventory Cognition (MUSIC) test. All subjects received standardized 3‐dimensional (3D) MR‐imaging on a 3 T scanner. Third ventricle volume (3VV) was obtained from 3D T1‐weighted images using a semiautomated technique, and compared against planimetric assessment of the width of the third ventricle aligned (a3VW) and unaligned (u3VW) to anatomical landmarks. RESULTS a3VW was obtained within seconds with excellent intra‐ and interrater agreement, and outperformed volumetric measurements regarding the differentiation of MS patients from healthy controls. a3VW had the strongest correlations with 3VV ( r = .78, P < .001) and showed moderate inverse correlation with MUSIC cognition score ( r = −.310, P < .005). CONCLUSIONS a3VW is a time‐effective and robust biomarker that has strong correlations with volumetric measurements and can be established as standard in the MRI quantification of central brain atrophy in patients with early MS.
Simulation of Wormhole in Carbonate Acidizing Using a New Diffusion Limited Aggregation Model

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Wormholes are the main characteristic shapes resulting from the carbonate reservoir acidizing. Understanding wormhole patterns can determine the success of acidizing to a large extent. Due to various influences, such as the reaction rate between the acid and rock, and anisotropy of formation, the shapes of wormholes are quite complex and stochastic. So simulating the wormholes by traditional methods cannot be accurate. A Diffusion Limited Aggregation (for short "DLA") model of wormholes in dual medium is presented after modifying the traditional DLA model. After discussing the relationship between simulation parameters and wormholes' fractal dimension, it is revealed that the bigger injected acid volume and porosity, the longer wormholes can be formed. When the natural fractures patterns are complicated(even fractal), it is necessary to connect natural fractures and pores in the formation and get bigger fractal dimensions of wormholes, which may lead to a successful acidizing treatment.
Accreta centers and maternal morbidity for patients with placenta accreta spectrum disorders in California: a mixed-methods population-based study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We evaluated whether placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) patients who delivered at accreta centers had reduced severe maternal morbidity (SMM), and we tested for the presence of racial disparity in SMM at these centers. This is a mixed-methods, cross-sectional, population-based study of California hospitals with at least 200 annual delivery discharges from 2019 to 2021. Hospital discharge data from 2018 were used to assess the distribution of PAS cases in California hospitals and identify “high-volume” accreta hospitals (≥6 PAS cases). Hospitals meeting 7 predefined criteria by interview were labeled as accreta centers. Delivery discharges with PAS diagnostic codes from 2019 to 2021 were aggregated for these hospitals. Bivariate analyses were performed between patient risk factors and “performance” SMM (pSMM) (Yes/No). pSMM is a modified version of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention SMM measure for hospital comparisons of potentially preventable SMM. We report rates of pSMM (defined without counting hysterectomy) by center status. A multiple hierarchical logistic regression model was constructed for the pSMM outcome. Observed-to-expected (O/E) ratios for pSMM were calculated to evaluate differences by race/ethnicity. There were 25 high-volume study hospitals, of which 17 (68%) qualified as accreta centers. Of 1791 PAS cases in California (prevalence of 0.15%), 788 delivered at the 25 hospitals and composed the study population. Centers delivered 93.4% of the percreta cases, 89.6% of increta cases, and 79.5% of the accreta cases, p = .0003. Rates of pSMM were 8.8% (n = 70) overall, (8.4% in centers and 11.0% in non-centers; p = .323). PAS patients were more likely to experience pSMM if they were delivered at non-centers (odds ratio 2.09, 95% confidence interval 0.91–4.80, p = .080). No differences in aggregate O/E ratios by race/ethnicity were identified. PAS patients delivered at non-centers were twice as likely to experience pSMM, although this finding did not reach statistical significance. As rates of PAS increase, the development of standardized metrics to track improvement in clinical and patient-reported outcome measures appears warranted.
The relation of parasite density of Microplitis rufiventris Kok. (Hym., Braconidae) to superparasitism and fate of its eggs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The population of supernumerary parasite progeny of Microplitis rufiventris inside Spodoptera littoralis larvae was studied under different ratios of parasite‐host density. At constant population of host larvae and various levels of parasite density, the regression coefficient revealed that an increase of 0.78% in parasite eggs was found with the increase of every unit population of M. rufiventris. An inverse density‐dependent action of the latter was obtained under various density of S. littoralis larvae at constant population of the parasite. The regression coefficient indicates that for a unit increase in host density 0.06% fall in the number of parasite eggs/host larva was achived. A fraction of supernumerary parasite progeny was found to be eliminated during the egg‐stage. Elimination magnitude of the latter increased with the increase of supernumerary parasite population and vice versa Zusammenfassung Beziehungen zwischen Superparasitismus, Parasitendichte und Schicksal der Eier von Microplitis rufiventris Kok. in Spodoptera littoralis Boisd.‐Larven Es wurde die Population überzähliger Nachkommen von M. rufiventris in S. littoralis ‐Larven bei verschiedenen Parasit/Wirt‐Dichterelationen untersucht. Bei konstanter Population von Wirtslarven und verschiedener Parasitendichte zeigt der Regressions‐Koeffizient, daß die Zunahme des Parasiten um eine Populations‐Einheit mit der Zunahme der Parasiteneier um 0,78% verbunden war. Bei verschiedener Wirtslarvendichte und konstanter Parasiten‐Population wurde eine umgekehrt dichteabhängige Aktion des Parasiten beobachtet. Der Regressions‐Koeffizient zeigte, daß mit der Zunahme der Wirtsdichte um eine Einheit die Zahl der Parasiteneier pro Wirtslarve um 0,06% abnahm. Ein Teil der überzähligen Parasitennachkommen wurde während des Eistadiums eliminiert. Der Umfang dieser Eliminierung stieg mit der Zunahme der überzähligen Parasiten und umgekehrt.
Immunocytochemical Analysis of Cell Lines Derived from Solid Tumors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Antibodies recognizing tissue-specific antigens are widely used to identify the histological origin of tumors. Here we tested the fidelity of selected tissue markers on all 167 solid tumor-derived continuous cell lines in the DSMZ cell lines bank. Most lines had an intermediate filament content consistent with the tumor type from which they were derived. Thus, 93% of all carcinoma cell lines expressed keratin filaments. With certain antibodies, some subclassification was possible. For example, the CK7 keratin 7 antibody can differentiate between colon and pancreas-derived carcinoma cell lines. Cell lines derived from non-carcinomas, in general, did not express keratin but were vimentin-positive. Four of 10 glioma/astrocytoma cell lines expressed GFAP, five of six neuroblastoma cell lines expressed neurofilaments, and the TE-671 rhabdomyosarcoma cell line expressed desmin. When other tissue markers were tested, 12/16 melanoma-derived cell lines expressed HMB-45, while PSA, CA125, and thyroglobulin were less useful. These results demonstrate that cell lines retain some but not all markers typical of the original tumor type and identify certain markers useful in characterizing the histological origin of cell lines. Our data question the identity of some cell lines submitted to the bank in the past. The immunoprofiles of 167 solid tumor-derived and 131 hematopoetic cell lines can be found at www.dsmz.de.