jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Farm Productivity of Rice: A Case of Bangladesh

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The focus of this study is to assess rice production in the different category of farms in Bangladesh. The relevant data were collected from secondary source collected by International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) under the Village Dynamics Studies in South Asia (VDSA) project. A total of 280, 318, 365 and 349 sample farmers were selected for the years of 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively and the selected farmers were categorized into marginal, small, medium and large categories. Descriptive statistics were used to measure the profitability of rice production. In the study areas, rice farming was profitable for the selected years for all category of farmers but large and medium scale farmers received more profit than small and marginal farmers. Per hectare net return from rice production by small farmers was Tk.31324.28 in 2009 and Tk. 21776.97 in 2012 which provides a decreasing picture of profit for them. Cobb-Douglas stochastic cost frontier analysis was used to measure economic efficiencies. The regression result shows that estimated values of the relevant coefficients i.e., fertilizer cost, machinery cost, human labour cost, seed cost and herbicides cost had the positive and significant impact on the gross return of rice production and the coefficient of pesticide was negatively significant. So, there is a scope for increasing return from rice production by increasing human labour, seed, fertilizer, machinery and herbicide uses since the coefficients of these parameters were positive and significant. The study will help to policymakers for the development of all category rice farmers especially the small and marginal farmers of Bangladesh.
Battle of Britain: Nineteenth-Century Style

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Research Article| April 01 1942 Battle of Britain: Nineteenth-Century Style George Arms George Arms Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google South Atlantic Quarterly (1942) 41 (2): 177–181. https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-41-2-177 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation George Arms; Battle of Britain: Nineteenth-Century Style. South Atlantic Quarterly 1 April 1942; 41 (2): 177–181. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-41-2-177 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsSouth Atlantic Quarterly Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © 1942 by Duke University Press1942 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Factors influencing health of workers and tolerance to shift work

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Shift and night work are a well recognized risk factors for health and well-being, but the outcomes are not always in agreement and sometimes contradictory, due to both different working and living conditions of the groups examined, and to different approaches and methods used. Moreover, variations in historical and epidemiological relevance of the disorders, health perception and surveillance, as well as combined effects with other individual and social risk factors make the problem multifaceted and difficult to interpret properly. Consequently, also tolerance to shift and night work is a complex phenomenon, related to several aspects pertaining to different domains, dealing with personal characteristics and coping strategies, family and social conditions, working situations and, particularly, working hours organization. The result of their interactions depends not only on the specific load of each factor, but also on their temporal occurrence and duration in the worker's life. Thus, it is necessary to clarify as much as possible the interactions among individual aspects, social conditions and work organization, for an effective promotion of shift workers' health and well-being. The aim of the paper is to review the main factors that can intervene on such aspects trying to present 'lights and shadows' on this context.
CULTIVATION AND ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL FEATURE OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONO-NUCLEAR CELLS IN BASTARD HALIBUT(PARALICHTHYS OLIVACEUS)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Research on cultivation and electrophysiology of mono-nuclear cells from peripheral blood of halibut Paralichthys olivaceus were conducted using patch clamp technique.The results suggest that the cells(including monocyte and lymphocyte) could be isolated and purified by using the mixture of Ficoll-Urogrofin solution.The separated cells increased in number and survived for 6 generations for over 30 days in M199(20% FBS) medium with PHA(30 μ g/ml) in plastic cell culture plate.Monocytes were abnormal in shape(12.30±0.62) μm,(10.29±1.05)μm .The cultivated cells were more phagocytic to coccus(Staphylococcus aureaus) with PP(phagocytosis percentage) and PI(phagocytosis index) being(61.9±3.05)% and 1.58±0.51 respectively;lymphocytes were nearly spherical(8.50±0.82)μm,(7.46±1.07) μm whose PP =(42.1±2.33)% and PI = 3.17±1.57.Electrophysiological results suggested that most of the cultured monocytes showed readily-formed seals with patch pipettes,which allowed stable,whole-cell patch-clamp recordings.Under a voltage clamp,the net currents include outward and inward current.When bathing solution that suppressed the outward current was used,a tetrodotoxin(TTX)-sensitive Na+ current(INa) and a slow Cd2+-sensitive Ca2+ current(ICa) were dissolved in the presence of 1 μ mol/L TTX and 0.5mmol/L Cd2+.The monocytes expressed a 4-aminopyridine(4-AP)-sensitive transient current,analogous to IA,and a slower-rising,tetraethylammonium(TEA)-sensitive current,analogous to IK.
SERUM PROTEINS AND PROTEIN-BOUND CARBOHYDRATES IN RATS TREATED WITH GROWTH HORMONE

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Some of the changes in the serum proteins and serum polysaccharides, that occur in rats after hypophysectomy and after injections with an anterior pituitary extract, have been reported in previous publications (Bernasconi, 1956 a. 1956 b). A study of the effect in this respect of the isolated, purified pituitary hormones was found to be a logical consequence of the above-mentioned experiments, and in this paper the results obtained after administration of somatotrophic hormone (STH) will be given. Campbell et al. (1953) observed an increase of the plasma protein level in dogs after injections of STH. Hoch-Ligeti & Irvine (1954) found no change in the electrophoretic pattern of serum from rats treated for a number of days with the same hormone. Li & Reinhardt (1947) observed, that the hypoalbuminemia that develops in rats after hypophysectomy can, at least partly, be corrected by STH administration.
Role of Hysteroscopy on Infertility: The Eternal Dilemma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hysteroscopy is the gold standard tool for endoscopic visualization of the uterine cavity and it assesses a simultaneous detection and treatment of intracavitary anomalies with greater accuracy than other methods. The most common uterine abnormalities, including endometrial polyps, submucosal myomas, uterine septum and intrauterine adhesions, are common in infertile women. It is object of debate whether diagnostic and/or operative hysteroscopy should be considered in the basic work-up of infertile couples.
INTERGENERIC HYBRID OF RAPHANUS SATIVUS L.AND BRASSICA PEKINENSIS RUPR.OBTAINED BY TISSUE CULTURE

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The experiment was carried out on an intergeneric cross between radish and Chinese cabbage by ovule,ovary and young embryo cul-ture techniques.9 intergeneric hybrid plants by ovule culture through callus stage were obtained.The excised ovules survived were about 11-12 days after pollination and their em-bryos had reached globular embryo stage to heart stage.It was difficult to achieve any success if young embryo culture technique was adopted.The experiment showed that ovule culture in overcoming cross-incompati-bility between radish and Chinese cab-bage is of significance.The achieve-ment of intergeneric hybrid between radish and Chinese cabbage provided first-hand material for intergeneric gene exchange and particularly for producing cytoplasmic male sterile line of Chinese cabbage.
Analysis and Elimination Method of the Non-Fixed Column Noise for Quantum Image Sensor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to eliminate the non-fixed column noise of quantum image sensor (QIS), a gray value compensation method based on guide filter is proposed in this paper. According to the analysis of generation principle, the noise is introduced by the inconsistency of 1-bit ADC transition points and the readout noise of pixels. First, the raw image is acquired by the sensor model. Then the high-frequency non-fixed column noise components are separated from the image details. At the same time, the mean value of the noise components is calculated to obtain the noise vector of the non-fixed column. Finally, the non-fixed column noise vector is subtracted from the raw gray value of the corresponding column for correction. After the column noise is eliminated, the performance evaluation shows that the SDCMV of 128 grayscale decreases from 2.6978LSB to 0.9016LSB, and the SSIM increases from 0.8028 to 0.8641. It is proved that the proposed method can effectively eliminate the non-fixed column noise of QIS, while maintaining image details.
Sexual sin in New Testament times biblical and contextual perspectives in Nigeria

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Christian ethical standards are breaking down in our nation. Many believe now that individuals have rights, including the right to make their own sexual decisions and that sexual behaviour is an individual's private matter. How then can Christianity or the Church relate to the sexual and marriage problems today? If the bible really has a standard that can safe-guide sexual behaviours, why is sexual sin common even within the Church? Historical-contextual and sociological methods were employed in this paper in order to clearly state the New Testament understanding. The study contextualized Biblical teachings, particularly on sex and marriage to the Africans. Findings revealed that the Bible places sex and sexual activity within the larger context of holiness and faithfulness. In this regard, the Bible presents an honest and often detailed explanation of God's design for sex and its place in human life. The New Testament presents sexual deviance as an intentional rejection of God's authority as Creator and Lord. Invariably, Nigeria is characterized by loose sexual morality, which cannot be divorced from incessant poverty, unemployment and illiteracy, as well as the flood of immigrants to Africa and to Nigeria who brought new forms of family life and new sexual customs. The paper concludes that there is clear evidence that our memories are failing on Jesus’ injunctions in this regard, hence, there is need to draw upon the Christian faith for guidance but African context should not be forgotten.
Effect of different self-selected walking speeds in leveling of body center of mass, mechanical work and energy in healthy children

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the general kinematics of the cycle, leveling of the center of mass and inverted pendulum model in school-age children when they walk at three different auto-selected speeds. Methods: The kinematics of walking cycle, angular actions that contribute to reducing the vertical displacement of body center of mass (pelvis, hip, knee and ankle) and pendulumlike determining variables (mechanical work, pendulum-like recovery and congruity percentage), were analyzed in children for three different self-selected speeds. Differences for each variable with the speed were tested by ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc analysis. Omega squared (ω2 ) was calculated for the values of the effect sizes. Results: None of the angular variables associated with the leveling of the vertical trajectory of body center of mass changed. Likewise, recovery and congruity percentage presented values similar to those obtained in previous studies and did not show significant changes with the speeds. Conclusions: Nevertheless, changes in horizontal mechanical work and cycle phases, indicate that at some point during the cycle the mechanical energy transfer may have been affected for speed changes. Our results warn about the implication that small changes in the speed during functional evaluations of gait in children may have.
Sonic matters: Singing as method and the epistemology of singing across Bengali esoteric lineages

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract “Songs are knowledge” ( gāne jñān ) is a recurrent saying among Bauls, Fakirs, Sahajiyas, and other Bengali esoteric and heterodox communities. The sonic dimension of songs is related to cosmogonic vibration, seed, food, and feminine bodily fluids. Singing, requiring breath control and concentration, is associated with yoga. How is the performance of songs simultaneously an embodied way of knowing and an act of indigenous scholarship? Can the epistemology of singing coexist with hegemonic sensory epistemologies in a postcolonial South Asia? This article draws upon a ten‐year ethnographic engagement with Bengali‐speaking gurus and performers to discuss how singing provides a transformative and anthropopoietic knowledge, rooted in bodily experience and exchanged among performers‐listeners to build togetherness in ways that subvert dominant ideologies of relatedness. This article also adopts Bengali understandings of ensounded knowledge to question the ocularcentric and scriptist epistemologies that underlie modern academia. Taking songs seriously as ways of knowing in their own right, I suggest singing as method and using the feelingful body as a research tool, not only for an ethnography that reflects the sensory epistemology of the communities I work with but also as a promising way to decolonize anthropology's epistemic ethnocentrism.
Management of urinary incontinence in children with myelomeningocele

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Several forms of treatment of lower urinary tract functional disorders have been attempted in children with myelomeningocele (MMC). Intravesical electrical stimulation was attempted in 10 patients. Urinary control was achieved in one and in the remaining 9 either the bladder was resistant to stimulation or the children discontinued the treatment due to loss of interest. A combined anticholinergic and calcium blocking agent, terodiline, was tested in 8: symptoms improved in 4, but bladder compliance was unchanged. Clean intermittent catheterization, either alone or in combination with medication, seems to be the most beneficial treatment.
Monoclonal antibodies to the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus: comparative neutralizing activity

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Nineteen independently isolated hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies to the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus were isolated and studied for their capacity to neutralize viral infectivity. By measuring competitive binding of 125I-labeled monoclonal antibodies in a radioimmunoassay. 11 different, non-cross-reacting antigenic determinants were identified on the vesicular stomatitis virus G protein. All monoclonal antibodies reacting with determinants 1, 2, 3, and 4 resulted in viral neutralization, whereas those binding to the other seven determinants did not neutralize infectivity. The mixture of two monoclonal antibodies binding to different determinants resulted in a more rapid neutralization than either antibody alone, suggesting that different antibodies can exert a synergistic effect on viral neutralization. Kinetic experiments revealed biphasic neutralization curves similar to those expected for heterologous antibody. No evidence could be obtained to relate biphasic kinetics of viral neutralization to heterogeneous populations either of antibody molecules or of virus. The possible significance of the kinetic data with monoclonal antibodies is discussed.
Directorate General of Immigration's Strategy in the Role of Border Security: An Index Study of Immigration Security

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Global migration crossing national borders impacts national security, prompting societies to seek security from cross-border challenges. Enhancing security is vital due to threats such as illegal immigration, transnational crime, smuggling, trafficking, terrorism, and refugees threatening Indonesia's sovereignty. The Directorate General of Immigration's strategic planning focuses on achieving security stability through immigration. This research aims to determine the border security strategy implemented by the Directorate General of Immigration against state security threats using the immigration security index. This study employs a qualitative approach, including interviews, observations, and document analysis, to examine the achievements of the immigration security index and explore the implementation of border security strategies. The immigration security index serves as a performance indicator to detect and prevent threats within immigration functions. Key elements of this index include intelligence, investigation, Immigration Administrative Action (TAK), supervision, complaints, and prevention, which are all influenced by border conditions. The measurement results from this index provide insights into the effectiveness of the Directorate General of Immigration's strategies and guide policy formulation for enhancing border security. The findings indicate that through enhanced prevention, supervision, and enforcement of immigration policies, national resilience can be significantly strengthened.
Comparison of Amplitude of Accommodation in Different Reading Posture

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Accommodation plays an important role during reading at near.So, this study wants to compare the amount of the amplitude of accommodation in various reading posture. Method:A non randomized cross sectional study was carried out with the help of convenience sampling method.The study subjects included 32 Malaysians aged between 15 to 35 years despite race and gender.The research was accomplished within a period of six months (Jan 2015 to Jun 2015) at Twintech vision clinic.Minus lens method was used to measure Amplitude of Accommodation for three different postures.To investigate the changes in amplitude of accommodation among sitting, standing and supine positions, one-way repeated measures ANOVA was used.Result: Total number of subject was 32, out of which 16 were male and 16 female.Amplitude of accommodation was altered significantly (p<0.001) in three different position (with the mean difference of 1.289D from sitting to standing posture).However, amplitude of accommodation among genders and race for different reading posture was not significant (p>0.05).Amplitude of accommodation among refractive error groups were found statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion:Alteration in reading posture increases amplitude of accommodation when changing from sitting to standing posture.So, the reading posture must be taken into consideration during clinical evaluation of the amplitude of accommodation.
Active Inclusion, marginalised communities, troubled families

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Georgiou, C., Active Inclusion, marginalised communities, troubled families, Intervento a “Contrastare la crisi: esperienze e prospettive per l’inclusione attiva in Europa. Net@work: una rete per il lavoro”, Roma, Isfol, 29 novembre 2012. Isfol OA:
Backpropagation at the Infinitesimal Inference Limit of Energy-Based Models: Unifying Predictive Coding, Equilibrium Propagation, and Contrastive Hebbian Learning

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

How the brain performs credit assignment is a fundamental unsolved problem in neuroscience. Many `biologically plausible' algorithms have been proposed, which compute gradients that approximate those computed by backpropagation (BP), and which operate in ways that more closely satisfy the constraints imposed by neural circuitry. Many such algorithms utilize the framework of energy-based models (EBMs), in which all free variables in the model are optimized to minimize a global energy function. However, in the literature, these algorithms exist in isolation and no unified theory exists linking them together. Here, we provide a comprehensive theory of the conditions under which EBMs can approximate BP, which lets us unify many of the BP approximation results in the literature (namely, predictive coding, equilibrium propagation, and contrastive Hebbian learning) and demonstrate that their approximation to BP arises from a simple and general mathematical property of EBMs at free-phase equilibrium. This property can then be exploited in different ways with different energy functions, and these specific choices yield a family of BP-approximating algorithms, which both includes the known results in the literature and can be used to derive new ones.
Intestinal myoelectrical activity and transit time in chronic portal hypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study was designed to determine the effects of portal hypertension on intestinal myoelectrical activity and propulsion. In a single surgery, adult rats were implanted with a serosal electrode at each quarter of the small intestine, and portal hypertension was produced by calibrated constriction of the portal vein. To determine intestinal transit, portal vein-stenosed (PVS) and sham-operated animals were chronically implanted with a catheter in the proximal small intestine. Transit time was determined by measuring the progression of radioactive chromium along the bowel. Studies were conducted 6, 9, and 14 days after surgical preparation. Portal hypertension was associated with both transient and persistent changes in intestinal myoelectrical activity during the experimental period. Slow wave frequency was significantly reduced in the proximal small intestine on all test days and in the distal small intestine on day 14. Occurrence of the migrating myoelectric complex was reduced on days 6 and 9. Phase III amplitude was significantly reduced in the distal small intestine on all test days. Changes in intestinal myoelectrical activity in PVS animals were not associated with measurable changes in intestinal propulsion. The results suggest that both transient and persistent changes in intestinal myoelectrical activity occur during the 2-wk period after portal vein stenosis. The functional significance of the changes is unknown.