jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Population Characteristics of the District of Dinar

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper emphasizes on the historical development of the population, urban and rural population, gender and age structure, migrations, division, density and distribution of population into economic and educational sectors in Dinar District that lays in the northwest of the Turkish Lake District in Mediterranean Region. Besides topography and climatic conditions, economic factors also have impact on these components. Dinar, Dombayova and Çölovası depressions where there is much economic activity are also the places where population density is high. The population of Dinar District, 36117 people in 1927, amounted to 90952 people in 1990 and decreased to 88304 people in 2000. According to the data of 2012, the population of district was 48529. Actually this data indicates that the population of the District decreases continually and town suffers from constant immigration. In the research area, the only settlement where the population gathers together and where population density increases is Dinar City. Containing the 49% of the town’s population the Dinar City covers its settlements in its own impact zone particularly in terms of administrative functions as well as other urban functions. In Dinar District, the economy of which is based on agriculture, 76% of the population is employed in agriculture, 17% in service sector, 4% in industry and 3% in constructions sector.
A Trait Database For Phytoplankton Of Temperate Lakes: Numerical File

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Phytoplankton is a choice ecological indicator of lake ecological quality. Microalgae composing this biological compartment display a large diversity of morphological, physiological and ecological features, which are useful for understanding the interactions they have with other biotic and abiotic elements. Such kind of information together with classical Utermöhl phytoplankton analyses are useful for lake management and basic science. We present here a reference database of morphological (cell and colony sizes, biovolumes, mobility apparatus, colony formation), functional (functional groups of Reynolds, Padisak and Kruk, zooplankton edibility groups), physiological (trophic capacities) and ecological traits (Brettum index values) of more than 1200 taxa often observed in temperate lakes. This database, maintained since the 70’s until nowadays is now realized open access. A scientific paper associated to this database presents an overview of its content.
Giant and Tunable Out-of-Plane Spin Polarization of Topological Antimonene

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Topological insulators are bulk insulators with metallic and fully spin-polarized surface states displaying Dirac-like band dispersion. Due to spin-momentum locking, these topological surface states (TSSs) have a predominant in-plane spin polarization in the bulk fundamental gap. Here, we show by spin-resolved photoemission spectroscopy that the TSS of a topological insulator interfaced with an antimonene bilayer exhibits nearly full out-of-plane spin polarization within the substrate gap. We connect this phenomenon to a symmetry-protected band crossing of the spin-polarized surface states. The nearly full out-of-plane spin polarization of the TSS occurs along a continuous path in the energy-momentum space, and the spin polarization within the gap can be reversibly tuned from nearly full out-of-plane to nearly full in-plane by electron doping. These findings pave the way to advanced spintronics applications that exploit the giant out-of-plane spin polarization of TSSs.
COVID-19: DIFFICULTIES FACED BY CHINA’S RETAILING INDUSTRY AND RECOMMENDATIONS TO OVERCOME THEM

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Since the spread of COVID-19, the world’s economy has been seriously affected with the retailing industry being one of the hardest hit industries. China is one of the earliest countries to experience the virus outbreak and economy depression in the first quarter of this year and its retailing industry has gone through many challenges which witnessed a change in consumers’ buying decisions. For this reason, it’s very necessary for marketers to think about how to respond to the changes taking place in the retailing industry and overcome their shortcomings in the new era. In this paper, we will describe the difficulties faced by the retailing industry in China and discuss some recommendations that can be undertaken by the retailers, small and big alike, to better manage their business in the time of Covid-19. The recommended measures can serve as a guide for other countries to alleviate the impact caused by the coronavirus.
A Novel Polyoxymethylene Fiber‐Based Artificial Muscle Enabled Stable Actuating Behavior

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Due to superior water/chemical resistance, constructing novel polyoxymethylene (POM) fiber‐based artificial muscles (AM) is significant for developing advanced flexible actuating devices with high stability. However, strong crystallizing ability and low amorphous content of POM fibers were disadvantageous for them to achieve ideal actuating performance as artificial muscles. Herein, thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) was blended with POM to regulate its crystalline behavior widely, while POM/TPU fibers were prepared by melt spinning‐hot drawing/heat setting, and a mandrel‐coiled POM fiber‐based AM was constructed for the first time by further merged/twisted/coiled processes. With increasing fiber draw ratio/TPU content, the increased orientation factors/amorphous content of stretched POM fibers substantially enhanced the actuation properties of muscles. Meanwhile, by controlling merging/twisting/coiling geometries, the actuating properties of muscles are further optimized. Under 14 V actuating voltage/200 load‐to‐weight ratio, the max shrinkage strain/work capacity of POM/20T‐600%f AM achieve 40.23%/34.69 J kg −1 , reaching 201%/434% of those of typical mammalian skeletal muscle. Moreover, POM fiber‐based AM exhibit superior cyclic actuating stability due to thermal stable oriented crystalline structures of fiber during the actuating process, while in alkali resistance tests, the maximum shrinkage strain retention reach 94.11%, much higher than that of nylon 66 sewing threads AM (53.56%).
Emerging Adults’ Exposure to and Postings About Substance Use on Social Media: An Observational Study

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In a community sample of emerging adults ( N = 232), this study (a) assessed participants’ exposure to and postings about alcohol, cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and marijuana across social media platforms, (b) investigated how exposure to and posting about text versus visual substance-related content differentially relate to one’s own use, and (c) tested if exposure to versus posting about substances differentially relate to use. Data were collected via cross-sectional, daily, and observational methods. Participants were frequently exposed to substances on social media. Postings were less common, with Snapchat a notable outlet. Visual posts were somewhat more prominently linked to one’s own use than text posts. Posting about substances tended to be more strongly associated with own use than exposure, but this did not necessarily replicate with observed assessments. Social media platforms are key for emerging adults to encounter and post about substance use content, with implications for emerging adults’ own substance use.
Storage of linguistic information in a continuous classifying associative memory

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this article, we analyze the use of the continuous classifying associative memory (CCLAM) to store linguistic information. Freedom in the choice of the functions that control the operation of the CCLAM equip this memory with the capacity to adapt to different information storage and recovery needs. We begin with the problem of storing linguistic terms by memorizing the patterns formed by the degrees of compatibility with these terms. After that, the problem of storing linguistic rules is discussed. Let us remark that in these cases not a single CCLAM is used, but rather a set of them connected in suitable structured ways. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
LHD 2p5U-AH02-02-NF #173738.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The plasma monitor cameras are installed in 6-T, 6-O and 10-O ports for monitoring LHD plasmas. Five cameras are set in 3-O port for observing the lower divertor structure near 2.5-L port and the plasma-wall interactions on the divertor plates.
Complete Face Recovering: An Approach towards Recognizing a Person by a Single Partial Face Image without the Target Photo in Gallery

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Complete face recovering (CFR) is to recover the complete face image of a given partial face image of a target person whose photo may not be included in the gallery set. The CFR has several attractive potential applications but is challenging. As far as we know, the CFR problem has yet to be explored in the literature. This paper therefore proposes an identity-preserved CFR approach (IP-CFR) to addressing the CFR. First, a denoising auto-encoder based network is applied to acquire the discriminative feature. Then, we propose an identity-preserved loss function to keep the personal identity information. Furthermore, the acquired features are fed into a new variant of the generative adversarial network (GAN) to restore the complete face image. In addition, a two-pathway discriminator is leveraged to enhance the quality of the recovered image. Experimental results on the benchmark datasets show the promising result of the proposed approach.
Long-term follow-up of Graves' disease and toxic nodular disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Purpose Hyperthyroidism guidelines have not been updated over the past five years, despite numerous data on the subject, and recent studies providing a wide variation in treatment success rates. We aim to compare the effectiveness and safety of treatment modalities in patients with Graves’ disease or toxic nodular disease. Methods Single center retrospective cohort study of Graves’ disease and toxic nodular disease patients treated between 1983 and 2023. Results A total of 411 patients were treated for hyperthyroidism, 245 due to Graves’ disease and 166 due to or toxic nodular disease, followed for a median of 7 years. In Graves’ disease, 90.2% were treated with antithyroid drugs over 250 cycles, achieving 41.7% cumulative remission. Half of all relapses (50.9%) occurred in the first year, 76.3% in the first three years, and 98.3% within nine years. Treatment periods of 12–24 months showed higher remission and lower relapse rates than longer periods, contradicting recent studies. I-131 was used in 103 cycles with 82.5% remission and 7.1% relapse. A total of 29 thyroidectomies resulted in 100% remission, with no relapse. In toxic nodular disease, surgery was the most frequently used treatment (54.5%), followed by I-131 (37.1%). Conclusion Our findings support antithyroid drugs as the preferential first-line treatment for Graves’ disease, allowing for euthyroidism with minimal adverse effects. Given the propensity for relapse, we suggest a rigorous monitoring, particularly within the first three years. In toxic nodular disease, surgery should be the preferred option, with I-131 being reserved for single adenomas and small goiters.
Simulating Morphologically Detailed Neuronal Networks at Extreme Scale

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In order to achieve performance at very large scale, the core functionalities of the widely used NEURON simulator have been isolated and optimized into a new application CoreNeuron. CoreNeuron has been developed with the goal of minimizing memory footprint and maximizing scalability. This paper presents the scaling behaviour and performance of CoreNeuron on up to 28 racks of the IBM Blue Gene/Q, with one MPI process per node and 64 OpenMP threads per MPI process, comprising 458,752 cores and 1,835,008 threads at maximum.
Magnetic fluid hyperthermia enhances cytotoxicity of bortezomib in sensitive and resistant cancer cell lines

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Merlis P Alvarez-Berríos,1 Amalchi Castillo,1 Carlos Rinaldi,1–3 Madeline Torres-Lugo1 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico; 2J Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, 3Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA Abstract: The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BZ) has shown promising results in some types of cancer, but in others it has had minimal activity. Recent studies have reported enhanced efficacy of BZ when combined with hyperthermia. However, the use of magnetic nanoparticles to induce hyperthermia in combination with BZ has not been reported. This novel hyperthermia modality has shown better potentiation of chemotherapeutics over other types of hyperthermia. We hypothesized that inducing hyperthermia via magnetic nanoparticles (MFH) would enhance the cytotoxicity of BZ in BZ-sensitive and BZ-resistant cancer cells more effectively than hyperthermia using a hot water bath (HWH). Studies were conducted using BZ in combination with MFH in two BZ-sensitive cell lines (MDA-MB-468, Caco-2), and one BZ-resistant cell line (A2780) at two different conditions, ie, 43°C for 30 minutes and 45°C for 30 minutes. These experiments were compared with combined application of HWH and BZ. The results indicate enhanced potentiation between hyperthermic treatment and BZ. MFH combined with BZ induced cytotoxicity in sensitive and resistant cell lines to a greater extent than HWH under the same treatment conditions. The observation that MFH sensitizes BZ-resistant cell lines makes this approach a potentially effective anticancer therapy platform. Keywords: magnetic fluid hyperthermia, hot water hyperthermia, BZ, enhanced cytotoxicity, thermal sensitization
Role separation’s impact on student-athlete well-being

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Student-athletes balance the roles of student and athlete in their identities, and these roles provide stressors and risks that may influence their mental health. Student-athlete role separation is the degree to which student-athletes separate their roles as student and athlete. This IRB approved (2018-0421) study utilized sequential explanatory mixed-methods to examine role separation’s impact on well-being in student-athletes at four NCAA Division-I institutions. Results indicated that high athletic identity was associated with a low degree of role separation (r = −0.281). Only 6% of student-athletes (n = 186) separated their roles to a high degree; most were flourishing (61%); however, no significant correlation was found between well-being and role separation. In addition, student-athletes perceived a lack of role separation to positively impact their well-being. Further research is needed to assess role separation’s influence on student-athlete well-being, and evidence-based strategies should be explored to facilitate student-athlete flourishing during the college years.
Epidemiological risks in operating theatre

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction. A patient submitted to a surgical procedure is at a high risk of an infection which might additionally worsen his or her health condition. Such infection may cause plenty of negative consequences, such as patient‘s health deterioration, which prolongs his or her hospital stay or even death. It can also cause a patient‘s negative opinion about hospital care he or she has received and, what is more, it increases the cost of treatment. Aim. The aim of the article is the epidemiological situation analysis of a patient submitted to a surgical procedure which was done from an angle of the sources of mid-surgical infections. Specific aims: a patient related elements causing epidemiological risk; hospital staff related elements causing epidemiological risk; specific character of an operating theatre procedures related elements causing epidemiological risk. Methods. Literature analysis – review paper. Conclusions. 1) the infections, which have their source in an operating theatre, may result from various reasons; 2) the cause of an infection might be a human factor (patient, staff) but also organisational factors; 3) a substantial cause of an infection might be ineffective procedures, lack of knowledge of the procedures or simply not observing them by the hospital staff.
Hypotheses on Southern Ocean peracarid evolution and radiation (Crustacea, Malacostraca)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A short summary of some the most important hypotheses on the evolution of Southern Ocean peracarid crustaceans and some of the potential reasons for the high biodiversity of this taxon is presented. Besides the knowledge of horizontal and vertical distribution patterns of Southern Ocean peracarids, the importance of the evolution of the notothenioid fishes on the evolution of the Peracarida is discussed. Key questions for a better understanding of evolutionary biology of Southern Ocean Peracarida are highlighted.
Entrepreneurship in China and India: An Institutional Voids Approach to the Informal Economy

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Getting a better conceptual and empirical map of the particular institutional voids in emerging markets like China and India is crucial to understanding how entrepreneurs of all stripes – but especially in informal economy – navigate around these. Entrepreneurship has truly gone global, and China and India are leading this charge, each in their own way, each with verve and enthusiasm, in a process that by and large ought to be celebrated.Entrepreneurship in China and India An Institutional Voids Approach to the Informal Economy Presenter: Tarun Khanna; Harvard U.
Consolidarea și dezvoltarea capacității de analiză a informațiilor și transformarea paradigmei de securitate a României în contextul provocărilor asimetrice din regiunea Mării Negre

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Developing the national intelligence system and strengthening the response capacity in conflict and crises is both a theoretical branch and a strategy within the framework offered by the International Relations studies. As the scope of regional threats continues to grow, Romania and the actors in the region need to develop programmes to strengthen the national security assessment system and the capabilities to gather intelligence to discourage and counteract elements of security destabilisation. Because of the changes in the regional security environment, the intelligence system is in high demand, requiring a new cultural design and pragmatic capabilities. Thus, the purpose of this article is to briefly assess the national elements of information analysis in a regional context and to propose, against the background of the current security environment, a model of transformative paradigm for strengthening the capacity to respond to threats.
Maximum Lilkelihood Source Localization in Wireless Sensor Network Using Particle Swarm Optimization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Wireless sensor networks have been proposed as a solution to environment sensing, target tracking, data collection and other applications. Source localization is one of the important problem in wireless sensor network. In literature a decentralized approach using strong antena arrays at each node or sensor arrays at different positions are used to localize the sources. In this paper a purely co-operative method where every node will participate in estimation. The network does the bearing estimation by optimizing maximum likelihood function by forming random array among all the nodes. Particle swarm optimization is used to optimize ML function because it is more efficient compared to other evolutionary algorithm like GA. Finally the results are compared with most analyzed MUSIC algorithm.
Ion-Exchange Kinetics for the Removal of Potassium from Crude Polyols on Strong Acid Resins

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Batch dynamics for the uptake of potassium from crude polyols on Amberlite 252, a strong acid ion-exchange resin, are obtained over a wide range of conditions. Experimental data have been analyzed using a homogeneous model with finite solution volume. An increase of diffusion coefficients with the resin weight used in the purification is observed. An asymptotic maximum value, approaching the value of the diffusion coefficient in bulk solution, is reached for high resin weights or low values of external concentration. The heterogeneous nature of the resin matrix and the large size of the diffusing molecule is proposed as an explanation of this behavior. The proposed purification procedure finds general applicability for other polyol types, being economically and technically feasible. Key Words: PolyolsIon exchangeKineticOrganic media
In Vitro Exposure to Isoprene-Derived Secondary Organic Aerosol by Direct Deposition and its Effects on COX-2 and IL-8 Gene Expression

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Atmospheric oxidation of isoprene, the most abundant non-methane hydrocarbon emitted into Earth's atmosphere primarily from terrestrial vegetation, is now recognized as a major contributor to the global secondary organic aerosol (SOA) burden. Anthropogenic pollutants significantly enhance isoprene SOA formation through acid-catalyzed heterogeneous chemistry of epoxide products. Since isoprene SOA formation as a source of fine aerosol is a relatively recent discovery, research is lacking on evaluating its potential adverse effects on human health. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of isoprene-derived SOA on inflammation-associated gene expression in human lung cells using a direct deposition exposure method. We assessed altered expression of inflammation-related genes in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) exposed to isoprene-derived SOA generated in an outdoor chamber facility. Measurements of gene expression of known inflammatory biomarkers interleukin 8 (IL-8) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in exposed cells, together with complementary chemical measurements, showed that a dose of 0.067 µg cm−2 of SOA from isoprene photooxidation leads to statistically significant increases in IL-8 and COX-2 mRNA levels. Resuspension exposures using aerosol filter extracts corroborated these findings, supporting the conclusion that isoprene-derived SOA constituents induce the observed changes in mRNA levels. The present study is an attempt to examine the early biological responses of isoprene SOA exposure in human lung cells.
From Safety Cases to Security Cases

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Assurance cases are widely used in the safely domain, where they pro-vide a way to justify the safety of a system and render that justification open to review. Assurance cases have not been widely used in security, but there is guid-ance available and there have been some promising experiments. There are a number of differences between safety and security which have implications for how we create security cases, but they do not appear to be insurmountable. It appears that the process of creating a security case is compatible with typical evaluation processes, and will have additional benefits in terms of training and corporate memory. In this paper we discuss some of the implications and chal-lenges of applying the practice of assurance case construction from the safety domain to the security domain.