jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Band Gap Tailored Zn(Nb1−xVx)2O6 Solid Solutions as Visible Light Photocatalysts

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Zn(Nb1-xVx)(2)O-6 solid solutions (0.01 <= x <= 0.1) were synthesized by incorporation of V into the lattice of ZnNb2O6 by solid-state reaction. The wide-band-gap semiconductor ZnNb2O6 (3.98 eV) became visible-light-active with the band gap energy shifted down to ca. 2.5 eV. Physical characterization with XRD, XPS, and XANES revealed that homogeneous solid solutions were synthesized, which showed systematic variation of electronic structure with concentration of incorporated vanadium. Theoretical band structure calculation indicated that d orbitals of vanadium were responsible for the band gap reduction by forming the bottom part of the conduction band of the solid solution. All V-incorporated solid solutions loaded with RuO2 as a cocatalyst showed photocatalytic activities for H-2 or O-2 production from aqueous solutions of sacrificial reagents under visible light irradiation (lambda >= 420 nm) and RuO2(3 wt %)-loaded Zn(Nb0.94V0.06)(2)O-6 showed the highest activity
Negotiable instruments law: two layers of harmful discrepancy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter explores the lack of harmonisation in the substantive law of negotiable instruments amongst the civil law and common law systems, with further harmful discrepancy in the conflict of laws rules relating to negotiable instruments amongst those systems. Then, the chapter contemplates the reasons for such a two-stage discrepancy and makes a suggestion for the harmonisation reform. In a nutshell, the chapter argues that harmonisation efforts must take a different course. The lessons of experience suggest that. After gigantic unsuccessful efforts to unify the provisions of negotiable instruments law, a substantive unification does not seem to have a future. If negotiable instruments law remains and should remain (as the chapter argues) relevant in the advancing age of cross-border commerce and digitalisation, the efforts should be directed towards the unification of the conflict of laws rules applicable to negotiable instruments. In this way, negotiable instruments law would maintain its role as one of the legitimate methods of payment. A method that epitomises the non-discardable wisdom of centuries of self-reflection, internal balancing, and continuous improvement.
Traçage de la courbe granulométrique et la détermination des coefficients de Hazen par la méthode analytique

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Sand and gravel make up the granular skeleton in concrete. They contribute to the resistance of concrete structures. They are able to support higher loads or allow more slender constructions. The aggregates can also present varieties of diameter and making it possible to carry out more resistant works. In the laboratory we carried out the sieving on a sample of sands and a sample of gravel then trace the granulometric curve and determine the coefficients of Hazen by the analytical method. These results allowed us to compare the analytical method with the so-called graphical method. This choice was guided by a concern to popularize the study of particle size analysis on the one hand and to give an effective and practical means to the operators of the results of particle size analysis on the other hand. The results of our study show that the use of the analytical method for the particle size analysis test gives much more precise and reliable results than the graphical method.
The Length and the Width of the Human Brain Circuit Connections are Strongly Correlated

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The correlations of several fundamental properties of human brain connections are investigated in a consensus connectome, constructed from 1064 braingraphs, each on 1015 vertices, corresponding to 1015 anatomical brain areas. The properties examined include the edge length, the fiber number, or edge width, meaning the number of discovered axon bundles forming the edge and the occurrence number of the edge, meaning the number of individual braingraphs where the edge exists. By using our previously published robust braingraphs at \url{https://braingraph.org}, we have prepared a single consensus graph from the data and compared the statistical similarity of the edge occurrence numbers, edge lengths, and fiber counts of the edges. We have found a strong positive Spearman correlation between the edge occurrence numbers and the fiber count numbers, showing that statistically, the most frequent cerebral connections have the largest widths, i.e., the fiber number. We have found a negative Spearman correlation between the fiber lengths and fiber counts, showing that, typically, the shortest edges are the widest or strongest by their fiber counts. We have also found a negative Spearman correlation between the occurrence numbers and the edge lengths: it shows that typically, the long edges are infrequent, and the frequent edges are short.
Analysis of Urban Heritage Management in the Heritage Area of Jakarta Old-City

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Jakarta Old-City Area is a geographical spatial unit that has been appointed as an urban heritage of Jakarta.This study discusses the application of urban heritage management in Jakarta Old-City Area.This is related to the fact that Jakarta Old-City Area is used for many activities, including conservation activities as a heritage area, so its management becomes crucial to notice.This study uses a post-positivist approach in which the theory of urban heritage management becomes the analytical basis of research findings.The data were obtained from in-depth interviews, observation, and literature study.The result of the study shows that heritage management in Jakarta Old-City Area has not been optimal since the regulation system, community engagement, technical and financial managements are not integrated and still contain problems in each dimension.In the case of regulatory systems, the absence of regulations that specifically regulate the management of the area becomes the most important issue.Meanwhile, the lack of community empowerment, not based on community needs and characteristics, becomes a problem in terms of community engagement.For technical management, the control of the TSP and TACB to determine the outcome of efforts to maintain the value and characteristics of the Jakarta Old City as a heritage area is still not strong; in addition, the financial management, in terms of the existing financing alternatives, has not yet accommodated the local economy and the management activities of the area itself.
A heuristic approach for profit-oriented disassembly scheduling problem

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

A heuristic approach for profit oriented disassembly sheduling problem Melike Kaya Akça, METU-Industrial Engineering Dept., Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Turkey, kamelike@metu.edu.tr, Z. Pelin Bayindir, Ferda Can Cetinkaya We consider a disassembly scheduling problem for multiple products with parts commonality and ample supply of discarded products. We propose a heuristic algorithm which is based on the idea of sequentially solving a relaxed version of the problem and single-period integer pro- gramming models. In a computational study, the performance of the heuristic approach is assessed. The results of the computational exper- iments indicate that the heuristic algorithm solves the problems in a reasonable computational time and generates near optimal solutions.
Lane departure assistance based on balanced longitudinal slip ratio differential braking control

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents studies on differential braking-based Lane Departure Assistance System (LDAS). The dynamic threshold of Time to Lane Crossing (TLC), determined by vehicle heading error, speed, road adhesion and reaction time of human-machine system, is studied to activate driving assistance. Based on 2-DOF reference vehicle model and driver preview model, the desired yaw rate to avoid lane departure is calculated. To avoid loss of lateral stability during braking, strategies for the distribution of braking force are developed based on balanced longitudinal slip ratio, which aim to limit the slip ratio on all wheels. The Hardware in Loop (HIL) test bench is established to evaluate the rapid prototyping of LDAS. Results show that the proposed methods can confine the vehicle in lane effectively with lateral stability maintained and operate robustly, benefiting from timely assistance, model-independent control algorithm, and small and balanced slip ratio.
Molecular dynamics study of thermodynamic stability and dynamics of [Li(glyme)]+ complex in lithium-glyme solvate ionic liquids

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Equimolar mixtures of glymes and organic lithium salts are known to produce solvate ionic liquids, in which the stability of the [Li(glyme)]+ complex plays an important role in determining the ionic dynamics. Since these mixtures have attractive physicochemical properties for application as electrolytes, it is important to understand the dependence of the stability of the [Li(glyme)]+ complex on the ion dynamics. A series of microsecond molecular dynamics simulations has been conducted to investigate the dynamic properties of these solvate ionic liquids. Successful solvate ionic liquids with high stability of the [Li(glyme)]+ complex have been shown to have enhanced ion dynamics. Li-glyme pair exchange rarely occurs: its characteristic time is longer than that of ion diffusion by one or two orders of magnitude. Li-glyme pair exchange most likely occurs through cluster formation involving multiple [Li(glyme)]+ pairs. In this process, multiple exchanges likely take place in a concerted manner without the production of energetically unfavorable free glyme or free Li+ ions.
Insights into vascular physiology from sleep photoplethysmography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Study Objectives Photoplethysmography (PPG) in consumer sleep trackers is now widely available and used to assess heart rate variability (HRV) for sleep staging. However, PPG waveform changes during sleep can also inform about vascular elasticity in healthy persons who constitute a majority of users. To assess its potential value, we traced the evolution of PPG pulse waveform during sleep alongside measurements of HRV and blood pressure (BP). Methods Seventy-eight healthy adults (50% male, median [IQR range] age: 29.5 [23.0, 43.8]) underwent overnight polysomnography (PSG) with fingertip PPG, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and electrocardiography (ECG). Selected PPG features that reflect arterial stiffness: systolic to diastolic distance (∆T_norm), normalized rising slope (Rslope) and normalized reflection index (RI) were derived using a custom-built algorithm. Pulse arrival time (PAT) was calculated using ECG and PPG signals. The effect of sleep stage on these measures of arterial elasticity and how this pattern of sleep stage evolution differed with participant age were investigated. Results BP, heart rate (HR) and PAT were reduced with deeper non-REM sleep but these changes were unaffected by the age range tested. After adjusting for lowered HR, ∆T_norm, Rslope, and RI showed significant effects of sleep stage, whereby deeper sleep was associated with lower arterial stiffness. Age was significantly correlated with the amount of sleep-related change in ∆T_norm, Rslope, and RI, and remained a significant predictor of RI after adjustment for sex, body mass index, office BP, and sleep efficiency. Conclusions The current findings indicate that the magnitude of sleep-related change in PPG waveform can provide useful information about vascular elasticity and age effects on this in healthy adults.
KERAGAMAN ISOLAT ACTINOMYCETES BERDASARKAN ANALISIS RFLP TERHADAP GEN NRPS

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Actinomycetes is one of the types of microorganisms that is essential for producing the active compounds, one of which is an antibiotic. Isolation of Actinomycetes from the rhizosphere of rice plant (Oryza sativa L.) and tin plant (Ficus carica L.) has yielded 13 isolates of antibiotic-producing Actinomycetes. This study aims to determine the diversity of isolates by RFLP analysis (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) of the NRPS (Non Ribosomal Peptide Synthetase) gene. The study was carried out by isolating Actinomycetes isolate DNA and performed PCR on the 16SrRNA and NRPS genes. The RFLP analysis of the NRPS gene PCR products is then performed using the enzyme HaeIII. Identify the presence of DNA, the PCR product and RFLP results was performed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The diversity of isolates was analyzed by multivariate analysis. The results showed that the diversity of 13 isolates of Actinomycetes can be grouped into 5 groups: isolates 5 (group 1), isolates 8 (group 2), isolates 11 (group 3), isolates 6,7,9 (group 4) and isolates 1,2,3,4,10,12,13 (group 5).
Outbreak of Trypanosomiasis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The results of examining bacteriologically the stools of 234 home contacts are given: 78 (33.3%) were found to be symptomless carriers.Spread of infection within the schools is described.Apart from the original infant school affected, direct spread within the classroom did not appear to have been the usual mode.The home played a greater part in spreading infection.Results did not suggest that the density of infection was greater in dirty than in clean homes.I thank Dr. J. F. Warin, medical officer of health, City of Oxford, for much help and advice during the investigation,
Preventing the loss of competence for neural induction: HGF/SF, L5 and Sox-2

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The response to neural induction depends on the presence of inducing signals and on the state of competence of the responding tissue. The epiblast of the chick embryo loses its ability to respond to neural induction by the organizer (Hensen’s node) between stages 4 and 4+. We find that the pattern of expression of the L5220 antigen closely mirrors the changes in competence of the epiblast in time and in space. For the first time, we describe an experiment that can extend the period of neural competence: when L5220 expression is maintained beyond its normal time by implanting HGF/SF secreting cells, the competence to respond to Hensen’s node grafts is retained. The host epiblast forms a non-regionalized neural tube, which expresses the pan-neural marker SOX-2 (a Sry-related transcription factor) but not any region-specific markers for the forebrain, hindbrain or spinal cord. Although HGF/SF secreting cells can mimic signals from Hensen’s node that maintain L5 expression, they cannot rescue the ability of the node to induce anterior structures (which is normally lost after stage 4). The ectoderm may acquire stable neural characteristics during neural induction by going through a hierarchy of states: competence, neuralization and regionalization. Our findings allow us to start to define these different states at a molecular level, and show that the competence to respond to neural induction is not entirely autonomous to the responding cells, but can be regulated by extracellular signalling molecules.
ACOGNA2: A novel algorithm for maximizing accuracy in global network alignment

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Proteins do not independently work, they interact with each other. Their interactions are modelled by protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. PPI networks alignment problem has great significance in the biomedical field and has attracted the interest of many researchers. This article introduces a new algorithm called ACOGNA2 to global aligning the PPI networks. Experiments demonstrated that the proposed algorithm outperform the state-of-the-art algorithms.
Seed physiological quality and harvest point of dovyalis fruits

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The main propagation mode of dovyalis is by seeds, what makes important to determine the ideal moment of fruit harvest. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological seed quality and harvest time of dovyalis fruits. To determine the fruit physical attributes, they were visually classified into five classes, according to the maturity stages, based on the external color of the exocarp: stage 1: green fruit; stage 2: yellowish-green; stage 3: yellowish-brown; stage 4: brown; stage 5: intense brown. The seed extraction to evaluate the physiological quality was based on the seed water content, germination percentage, germination speed index and determination of the dry biomass of the shoot, root and seedlings originated from these seeds. The experimental design was completely randomized, containing 25 seeds per treatment and 4 replicates. The fruit color during ripening varies from green to intense brown. The fruits reach their largest size and fresh biomass accumulation in the stage 4, with the brown exocarp color represented in the Munsell chart by 2.5YR 3/4. The removal of seeds for propagation should occur from the stage 2 (2.5GY 5/8), when the fruits have a yellowish-green color, although no statistical variation is observed in the number of seeds during maturation.
Biological aspects of the banana moth

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The goal of this study was to develop a technique of rearing the Opogona sacchari (Bojer) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetdae). The experiment was conducted at the Entomology Laboratory of Epagri/Experiment Staton of Itajaí, SC Brazil. The larvae were reared in natural diet: agar (25g), distlled water (500ml), pulp of green banana (500g), methylis parahydroxibenzoas (0.550g), sorbic acid (1.5g) and streptomicina (0,1g). The couples were placed in PVC cages where the females laid their eggs. The incubaton period of the eggs varied from 4 to 7 days. The average duraton of the larval and pupal phases was 25.3 and12.7 days respectvely. The egg-adult period varied from 32 to 41 days. The average lifetme of the female was 10.5 days, and that of the male was 8.3 days. The rearing technique proved adequate for the study of diﬀerent stages of life cycle and can be enhanced to improve the viability of the larval and pupal phases.
Immobilized Biocatalysts

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Immobilization Techniques 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Methods of Enzyme Immobilization 2.2.1. Carriers for Enzyme Immobilization 2.2.2. Methods for Insoluble Enzymes 2.2.2.1. Carrier Binding 2.2.2.2. Cross-Linking 2.2.2.3. Enzyme Copolymerization 2.2.2.4. Entrapment 2.2.3. Methods for Soluble Enzymes 2.3. Methods of Cell Immobilization 2.3.1. Introduction 2.3.2. Cell Supports 2.3.3. Immobilization Techniques 2.3.3.1. Cell Immobilization without a Support 2.3.3.2. Binding of Cells to a Carrier 2.3.3.3. Immobilization of Cells by Entrapment 2.4. Methods of Organelle Immobilization 2.5. Coimmobilization of Biocatalysts 3. Activity and Kinetics of Immobilized Biocatalysts 3.1. Effects of Immobilization on Enzyme Activity 3.2. Kinetics of Immobilized Biocatalysts 3.3. Assay of Immobilized Biocatalysts 4. Mass Transfer in Immobilized Biocatalyst Systems 4.1. External Mass Transfer 4.2. Prediction and Correlation of External Mass-Transfer Coefficients 4.2.1. Catalyst Beds 4.2.2. Particles in an Agitated Tank 4.3. Internal Mass Transfer 5. Design of Immobilized Biocatalyst Reactors 5.1. Batch Stirred-Tank Reactor 5.2. Plug-Flow Tubular Reactor 5.3. Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor 5.4. Packed- or Fixed-Bed Reactors 5.5. Fluidized-Bed Reactors 5.6. Membrane Reactor Systems 5.7. Laboratory Reactors for Kinetic Measurements 5.7.1. Batch and Continuous Tank Reactors 5.7.2. Experimental Differential Recycle Reactor 6. Immobilization Media 6.1. Characteristics of Solid Supports 6.2. Characteristics of Semipermeable Separators 7. Application of Immobilized Biocatalysts 7.1. Analysis 7.2. Immobilized Enzymes in Therapeutic Medicine 7.3. Ethanol Production Using Immobilized Cells 7.4. Industrial Applications of Immobilized Biocatalysts 7.4.1. Production of High-Fructose Corn Syrup 7.4.2. Amino Acid Production 7.4.3. Environmental Applications 8. Economic Aspects 9. Safety, Environmental, and Legal Aspects 9.1. Immobilized Enzymes 9.2. Immobilized Cells
Creative Grammarians: Cognition, Language and Literature – An Exploratory Response

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Any definition of creativity is a ‘machine’ which produces exactly those instances of creativity that follow the rules of the respective definition – so how does one escape the conundrum of defining individual creativity without turning it into a mere act of reproduction? One of the central tenets of the present volume is that Construction Grammar is particularly suited to bridge the gap between everyday linguistic creativity and highly professionalized and conventionalized forms of cultural reproduction, especially creative literature. While it appears to merely follow a trend in cognitive linguistics, which emerged and firmly established itself over the last three decades, and which emphasizes the creative potential of linguistic practices over and against the definition of language and speech as a rule-based system of engendering constraints, Construction Grammar insists on its ability to provide a most profitable interdisciplinary approach for the study of creativity and language – one that would also be able to embrace and empower the study of literary creativity.
Five New Hypocrealean Species from Algae and Sediment in the Intertidal Zones of China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Hypocrealean fungi are a well-documented group of fungi, with a wide range of ecological roles that include saprobic, parasitic, and endophytic forms, capable of thriving in diverse environments, both terrestrial and marine. Members in this group are abundant and widely distributed in marine environments around the world. However, the species diversity and distribution of this fungal group in Chinese seas is rarely reported. This study introduces five new species, namely Fusarium flavoides M.M. Wang & W. Li, Gliomastix fasciculata M.M. Wang & W. Li, Marquandomyces ulvae M.M. Wang & W. Li, Stephanonectria arenicola M.M. Wang & W. Li, and Verruciconidia oligospora M.M. Wang & W. Li, based on morphological characteristics and LSU-ITS-tef1-rpb2 phylogenetics. These new species were discovered from marine algae (Ulva spinulosa) and sediments (mud and sand). A detailed comparison of these new species and their close relatives is also presented.
Mucosal Vaccination against Tuberculosis Using Inert Bioparticles

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Needle-free, mucosal immunization is a highly desirable strategy for vaccination against many pathogens, especially those entering through the respiratory mucosa, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Unfortunately, mucosal vaccination against tuberculosis (TB) is impeded by a lack of suitable adjuvants and/or delivery platforms that could induce a protective immune response in humans. Here, we report on a novel biotechnological approach for mucosal vaccination against TB that overcomes some of the current limitations. This is achieved by coating protective TB antigens onto the surface of inert bacterial spores, which are then delivered to the respiratory tract. Our data showed that mice immunized nasally with coated spores developed humoral and cellular immune responses and multifunctional T cells and, most importantly, presented significantly reduced bacterial loads in their lungs and spleens following pathogenic challenge. We conclude that this new vaccine delivery platform merits further development as a mucosal vaccine for TB and possibly also other respiratory pathogens.