jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Problems of surgical treatment of dysfunction of heart valve prosthesis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The article generalizes experience in surgical treatment of disturbed functioning of heart valve prostheses. Functioning was impaired in 3.2% of 5113 prostheses. Operations were repeated in disturbed functioning of heart valve prostheses in 58 (35.4%) patients, in 7 of them the intervention was repeated twice. Closure of fistulas (26.2%) is possible only in moderate paravalvular+ insufficiency which is not connected with septic endocarditis. The authors emphasize the great risk of repeated operations, which calls for special attention to be paid to the prevention of disturbed functioning of heart valve prostheses.
Anti-tumor Actions of Gamma-delta T Lymphocytes

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The mucosal and natural immunities are known to play important roles in host defence against tumors. Gamma-delta T lymphocytes are the most represented cell populations in mucosal associated lymphoid tissue. They share several characteristics of innate and adaptive immune responses and are non-MHC restricted. Therefore Gamma-delta T cells have attracted more and more interest for tumor immunotherapy. This article reviews the localization at the tumor site, the recognition of the tumor cells, and the anti-tumor mechanisms of two main subsets of Gamma delta T cell:Vδ1 T cells and Vγ9Vδ2 T cells.
Part II Jurisdiction, 14 Submission

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter considers the rules on submission. If the defendant enters an appearance before a court of a Member State (Lugano State) without contesting jurisdiction, that fact alone confers jurisdiction on the court in question. This ensures that a defendant cannot fight the case on the merits and then, if he loses, claim that the court had no jurisdiction. The rule is usually explained on the ground that the entry of an appearance without challenging the court's jurisdiction constitutes an implied choice-of-court agreement. The rule can also apply against the claimant. If the defendant claims set-off and the claimant contests the substance of that claim without challenging the jurisdiction of the court regarding the claim to be set off, that fact alone will confer jurisdiction.
The Researcher-As-Obstacle: A methodology for the study of creativity while it happens

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This article introduces the Researcher-As-Obstacle (RAO) framework, a methodology enabling the study of the creative process as it unfolds. Traditional research in creativity psychology minimizes researcher interference to maintain authenticity, primarily using post-factum interviews. In contrast, the RAO approach situates researchers as “obstacles” within the artist's creative environment, providing close access to the artist's “creative engine,” the underlying creative dynamic. Researchers intervene in real-time to capture shifts in pre-reflexive gestures and emerging meaning before they become conscious or verbalized. Drawing from anthropology and psychology, this framework emphasizes the value of researcher presence as a structured obstacle. This approach offers researchers a powerful tool for capturing creative processes in real-time, rarely accessible through traditional methods, by granting artists a finer awareness of their creative dynamics. This awareness can also serve as a valuable resource in art-based contexts.
Parturition in The Red Fig-Eating Bat, Stenoderma Rufum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Parturition in The Red Fig-Eating Bat, Stenoderma Rufum Get access J. R. Tamsitt, J. R. Tamsitt Dept. Medical Zoology, School of Tropical Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Darío Valdivieso Darío Valdivieso Dept. Medical Zoology, School of Tropical Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Mammalogy, Volume 47, Issue 2, 26 May 1966, Pages 352–353, https://doi.org/10.2307/1378153 Published: 26 May 1966 Article history Accepted: 29 December 1965 Published: 26 May 1966
Biogenic amine producing bacteria associated with three different commercially fermented beverages in Botswana

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The microbial quality and predominant bacterial groups of three fermented beverages was investigated.The bacteria associated with sorghum beer, sour milk (madila/amasi) and sour maize beverage (mageu/mahewu) were determined using standard microbiological techniques.The predominant microorganisms were screened for the production of four biogenic amines using decarboxylase broth.Sorghum beer had the highest bacterial counts with sour maize beverage having the least bacterial counts.Hafnia alvei isolated from sour milk was found to be a major histamine and putrescine producer with 21.2 and 17.56 mg/100 ml respectively.On the other hand, the most important cadaverine producers were Pantoea citrea and Hafnia alvei with19.27and 18.75 mg/100 ml respectively.Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis isolated from sour milk were found to be prolific tyramine producers with 35.5 and 20.07 mg/100 ml respectively.The Bacillus species isolated from all fermented food products were found to be weak histamine producers.The study also revealed that production of biogenic amines was not a widely distributed property among the lactic acid bacteria as previously documented for other fermented food products.Based on the results, it was concluded that sour maize beverage was the safest fermented food product in terms of the microbial quality and presence of biogenic amine producing bacteria.
Book Review of The LMIII Cemetery at Tourloti, Siteia: The "Xanthoudias Master" and the Octopus Style in East Crete, by Constantinos Paschalidis

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Excavations of tombs in the Late Minoan (LM) III cemetery at Plakalona, located a few kilometers north of the east Cretan village of Tourloti, have been conducted episodically (but quite frequently) and often illicitly for more than a century. Whether legally sanctioned or not, these excavations have typically been poorly recorded, if documented at all, and have remained unpublished aside from a few laconic and usually unillustrated summaries, as the brief introduction to this slim volume makes abundantly clear (3–4).
Introduction

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book is based on extended periods of research carried out among manufacturers, shops, Jewish/Muslim organizations, certifiers and consumers in the United Kingdom (UK) and Denmark, where kosher and halal are of particular significance. It compares the major markets for kosher/halal in the UK with those in Denmark, where kosher/halal are important to smaller groups of religious consumers. The book explores and compares kosher and halal meat production and retailing in the UK and Denmark. It looks at biotech and dairy production in manufacturing companies. The book also explores how Jewish consumers in the UK and Denmark understand and practise kosher consumption in their everyday lives.
Expression of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) in esophageal cancers (EC)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

e13529 Background: EC patients face a dismal outcome despite tri-modality management strategy. Median survival remains 15–18 months despite platinum, fluropyrimidine & irinotecan based therapy. BCRP is an ATP-dependent efflux protein associated with chemotherapy (CT) (e.g. irinotecan) resistance. Role of BCRP expression in EC and normal esophageal cells is not known. We examined the expression of this protein and correlate it with survival (OS) in patients receiving irinotecan-based CT. Methods: With IRB approval, 40 cases of EC diagnosed between 2004 and 2008 were stained for BCRP expression by IHC & scored by the pathologist blinded to clinical data. Baseline demographics, therapy given & OS data were collected and correlated with BCRP expression. BCRP score (membrane or cytoplasm) >/= 30 was considered positive (calculated by multiplying BCRP intensity and % staining). Fisher's exact test used to determine association between BCRP expression & demographics. Cox proportional hazards model used for association of BCRP & OS. Results: Baseline patient and tumor characteristics: Gender: M 35, F 5; Histology: 37 Adenoca & 3 SCC; Stage 1-III 27, Stage IV 10, unknown 3; CT: cisplatin+irinotecan (n=16), oxaliplatin+fluoropyrimidine (n=8), other (n=16); IHC: 30 of 40 cancers (75%) expressed BCRP [strong (n=28) & intermediate (n=3); membranous (n=17), cytoplasmic (n=27) & both (n=14)]. Down-regulation of BCRP expression in tumor compared to normal cells seen in 40% of patients. Median OS was 19 months with no difference in OS between BCRP positive and negative patients (p=0.13). Estimated hazard ratio (HR) of death for BCRP positive patients was 2.29 (95% CI 0.79 - 6.64).There was no association between BCRP expression and stage, age, gender or histology. For patients who received cisplatin and irinotecan as first line CT there was no difference in OS (p=0.39) of BCRP negative versus positive patients. Conclusions: BCRP expression is seen in a majority of EC & normal esophageal mucosa. Response rates to irinotecan based therapies are seen in 30–40 % of EC, whether the 40% with low tumor BCRP constitute a majority of the responders needs to be prospectively validated in a larger dataset & should include markers that predict response to 5-FU & platinum based CT to allow individualizing therapy for this cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Long-Lasting T Cell-Independent IgG Responses Require MyD88-Mediated Pathways and Are Maintained by High Levels of Virus Persistence

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Many viruses induce acute T cell-independent (TI) B cell responses due to their repetitive epitopes and the induction of innate cytokines. Nevertheless, T cell help is thought necessary for the development of long-lasting antiviral antibody responses in the form of long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells. We found that T cell-deficient (T cell receptor β and δ chain [TCRβδ] knockout [KO]) mice persistently infected with polyomavirus (PyV) had long-lasting antiviral serum IgG, and we questioned whether they could generate TI B cell memory. TCRβδ KO mice did not form germinal centers after PyV infection, lacked long-lived IgG-secreting plasma cells in bone marrow, and did not have detectable memory B cell responses. Mice deficient in CD4 + T cells had a lower persisting virus load than TCRβδ KO mice, and these mice had short-lived antiviral IgG responses, suggesting that a high virus load is required to activate naive B cells continuously, and maintain the long-lasting serum IgG levels. Developing B cells in bone marrow encounter high levels of viral antigens, which can cross-link both their B cell receptor (BCR) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and this dual engagement may lead to a loss of their tolerance. Consistent with this hypothesis, antiviral serum IgG levels were greatly diminished in TCRβδ KO/MyD88 −/− mice. We conclude that high persisting antigen levels and innate signaling can lead to the maintenance of long-lasting IgG responses even in the absence of T cell help. IMPORTANCE Lifelong control of persistent virus infections is essential for host survival. Several members of the polyomavirus family are prevalent in humans, persisting at low levels in most people without clinical manifestations, but causing rare morbidity/mortality in the severely immune compromised. Studying the multiple mechanisms that control viral persistence in a mouse model, we previously found that murine polyomavirus (PyV) induces protective T cell-independent (TI) antiviral IgG. TI antibody (Ab) responses are usually short-lived, but T cell-deficient PyV-infected mice can live for many months. This study investigates how protective IgG is maintained under these circumstances and shows that these mice lack both forms of B cell memory, but they still have sustained antiviral IgG responses if they have high levels of persisting virus and intact MyD88-mediated pathways. These requirements may ensure life-saving protection against pathogens even in the absence of T cells, but they prevent the continuous generation of TI IgG against harmless antigens.
Impact of Wife's Employment upon Husband's Housework

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The allocation of time is recognized as a major economic consideration for families. Analysis of longitudinal data on time use offers a fruitful method for examining change and/or stability in roles of husbands and wives. In this panel study of 1156 intact families, time allocation to housework and employment by husbands and wives follows a traditional pattern, with wives spending most time in housework and husbands spending most time in employment. Cross-lag analysis is used to examine the relationship between wife's labor force time allocation and husband's housework time. Basic patterns of time allocation predominate over the 6 years, with wife's employment time having very little impact on husband's housework time. Implications for families and for social policy are discussed.
TOWARD AN UNDERSTANDING OF NKT CELL BIOLOGY: Progress and Paradoxes

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

▪ Abstract Natural killer T (NKT) cells constitute a conserved T cell sublineage with unique properties, including reactivity for a synthetic glycolipid presented by CD1d, expression of an invariant T cell antigen receptor (TCR) α chain, and unusual requirements for thymic selection. They rapidly produce many cytokines after stimulation and thus influence diverse immune responses and pathogenic processes. Because of intensive research effort, we have learned much about factors promoting the development and survival of NKT cells, regulation of their cytokine production, and the means by which they influence dendritic cells and other cell types. Despite this progress, knowledge of the natural antigen(s) they recognize and their physiologic role remain incomplete. The activation of NKT cells paradoxically can lead either to suppression or stimulation of immune responses, and we cannot predict which will occur. Despite this uncertainty, many investigators are hopeful that immune therapies can be developed based on NKT cell stimulation.
Ambiguous genitalia in rural Africa and the complexities of management:Which way forward?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Intersex disorders are amongst the most controversial conditions managed by doctors today. Although the diversity of their presentations demands broad classifications to help standardize management guidelines, each patient remains unique, requiring individualized care. The authors review the prevailing schools of thought on gender determination, assignment and re-assignment of intersex patients. The “liberal” views on sexuality, as espoused in current Western literature, vis-a-vis the “traditional” views of the average rural African community on sexuality are noted. The case histories of four patients highlight the diversity of presentations as well as the challenges in their management in a rural Kenyan hospital.
Optimized parameters sizing between EVT and THS used for hybrid electric vehicles

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Both of the electric variable transmission (EVT) and Toyota Hybrid System (THS) can be used as an power split device in the hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). They can make the internal combustion engine (ICE) independent of the road loads and run in the high efficiency area to reduce the fuel consumption as well as emissions. However, the planetary gears of THS make serious vibration and noise, limiting the further application of THS in HEVs. This paper studies the parameters sizing between EVT and THS to make the EVT instead of THS. In order to obtain the better driving properties of EVT, an optimized parameters sizing is established by placing a speed-increase gear and a deceleration gear in the system. Finally, the simulation comparison of fuel consumption and dynamic properties between THS and EVT are built, which shows the rationality of the optimized parameters sizing method.
Courts Have Decided a Wide Range of Issues

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In 2006, as in most years, the New York courts have decided a broad range of land use issues. This article summarizes the impacts of several of these important decisions. Specifically, this article covers the following land use topics: affordable housing, statute of limitations, res judicata, standing to sue, enforcement of injunctions, takings law, vested rights, property annexation, religious land uses, New York’s State Environmental Quality Review Act (SEQRA), and judicial review of local board actions.
Miscanthus violaceus (K. Schum.) Pilg. GBK-020580

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Miscanthus violaceus (K. Schum.) Pilg.
Conserved by: Genetic Resources Research Institute (GeRRI), Kenya
Local sample unique identifier: GBK-020580
Method of creation: Inherited
Date: 1996-06-04
Historical: No
MLS status: Not included
Determination of transgene stability in Nannochloropsis sp. transformed with immunogenic peptide for oral vaccination against vibriosis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Vibriosis is one of the common diseases caused by gram-negative bacteria from the genus Vibrio . To treat vibriosis, vaccination has been proven to be the most effective treatment as it can avoid the risk of drugs or antibiotics resistance. Microalgae are commonly used as feed for aquatic organisms and Nannochloropsis sp. is one of the highly utilized species for fish feed. This study focused on the use of microalga, Nannochloropsis sp. as a vaccine carrier. Transgenic Nannochloropsis sp. harbouring an outer membrane protein kinase ( OmpK ) gene fragment of the Vibrio species namely V1, V2, CV1, CV2, CPV1 and CPV2 were utilized in this study. The stability of OmpK gene in transgenic Nannochloropsis sp. over a number of generations was evaluated. DNA and RNA from the Nannochloropsis sp. transgenic lines were extracted and subjected to PCR amplification of OmpK gene fragment. The OmpK gene fragment was successfully amplified and expressed up to the fifth generation (F5). For V1, V2, CV1 and CV2, the gene was present and expressed in fourth generation (F4) and F5 respectively but CPV1 and CPV2 the OmpK genes were present up to F4. From the results obtained, Nannochloropsis sp. is shown to be suitable as a vaccine carrier and can be utilized as a vaccine carrier to ameliorate vibriosis.
Identification of factors that promote biogenesis of tRNACGASer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A wide variety of factors are required for the conversion of pre-tRNA molecules into the mature tRNAs that function in translation. To identify factors influencing tRNA biogenesis, we previously performed a screen for strains carrying mutations that induce lethality when combined with a sup61-T47:2C allele, encoding a mutant form of tRNACGASer. Analyzes of two complementation groups led to the identification of Tan1 as a protein involved in formation of the modified nucleoside N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) in tRNA and Bud13 as a factor controlling the levels of ac4C by promoting TAN1 pre-mRNA splicing. Here, we describe the remaining complementation groups and show that they include strains with mutations in genes for known tRNA biogenesis factors that modify (DUS2, MOD5 and TRM1), transport (LOS1), or aminoacylate (SES1) tRNACGASer. Other strains carried mutations in genes for factors involved in rRNA/mRNA synthesis (RPA49, RRN3 and MOT1) or magnesium uptake (ALR1). We show that mutations in not only DUS2, LOS1 and SES1 but also in RPA49, RRN3 and MOT1 cause a reduction in the levels of the altered tRNACGASer. These results indicate that Rpa49, Rrn3 and Mot1 directly or indirectly influence tRNACGASer biogenesis.
A chemical probe to monitor the parkinsonism-associated protein DJ-1 and target specificity of tranylcypromine in human cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Studying the interaction of small molecular compounds with proteins is a major part of modern bioorganic and medicinal chemistry. Most marketed drugs target specific proteins to generate their desired biological effect, so understanding the exact mode of action and having detailed information on off-target reactivity and enzymatic metabolism are crucial for any new pharmaceuticals.
The development of activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) that utilizes probes tailored to display the same protein binding behaviour as the studied drug, while allowing late-stage detectability, introduced a new layer of complexity to the field. Combination with high resolution mass spectrometry leads to robust identification of target proteins. This work presents two projects, in which ABPP was successfully used to identify drug-protein interactions.
In the first chapter, natural product-derived aminoepoxycyclohexenones were found to selectively target the human Parkinson disease protein 7 (DJ-1). Detailed enzymatic studies revealed a redox-dependent binding mechanism to the active-site cysteine of DJ-1. Most importantly, ABPP proved to be an excellent tool to monitor changes of the protein’s oxidation state in live cells. As DJ-1 plays a major role in cellular oxidative stress response, these findings are of high value in the field of biomarker development.
The second project focused on revealing the off-target reactivity of the marketed monoamine oxidase inhibitor tranylcypromine. The drug proved to have high covalent reactivity towards many proteins. Further ABPP studies also revealed strong accumulation of tranylcypromine in lysosomes, which was additionally confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. This effect was successfully attenuated by the co-administration of lysosomotropic compounds chloroquine and tamoxifen.
Pro-A-type and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptides in different thyroid function states

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Natriuretic peptide levels are altered in different thyroid states with a more pronounced effect in hyperthyroidism than in hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism should be considered in patients presenting with unclear symptoms and mildly elevated natriuretic peptide levels, as overt hyperthyroidism results in increased serum A- and B-type natriurectic peptide levels, typically seen in mild heart failure.