jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Initial Platelet Value on The Outcome of Patients in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Thrombocytopenia is a common haematological finding in critically ill patients. Studies have shown that decreased platelet counts are associated with prolonged hospitalisation, increased costs, and mortality in adult populations. However, not enough studies have investigated the incidence of thrombocytopenia and the relationship between thrombocytopenia and the prognoses of paediatric patients who require treatment in the intensive care unit. We evaluated the effects of initial platelet counts on the outcomes of pediatric intensive care unit patients. Material and Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the records of all patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit between October 2016 and December 2017. The relationship between the initial thrombocyte counts and the need of invasive mechanical ventilation and non-invasive mechanical ventilation,inotropic drug use, continuous renal replacement need, duration of hospitalization and mortality rate were investigated. Results: Totally 387 patients were included in the study. Patient ages ranged from 1 month to 17 years, and the most frequent diagnoses were respiratory diseases (144 patients; 37.2%). There was a statistically significant relationship between thrombocyte levels of the first complete blood count performed during admission and invasive mechanical ventilation, non-invasive mechanical ventilation, inotropic drug use, mortality, acute kidney injury, and continuous renal replacement therapy. The odds ratios (ORs) and relationship between prognostic factors and thrombocytopenia were calculated using logistic regression models. ORs were 4.616 for continuous renal replasman therapy, 6.682 for inotropic drug use, and 3.649 for mortality. The survival analysis revealed that lower platelet counts were associated with poorer survival. Conclusion: A low platelet count at the time of admission to the PICU should be considered an independent risk factor that increases mortality and morbidity and prolongs hospitalisation. Extensive care should be provided to this group of patients.
Innovation and investment determinants of the development of the agro-food sector of Ukraine

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The article develops a methodical approach to substantiate the innovation and investment determinants of the agro-food sector development. It also establishes a functional model for evaluating the innovation potential of subjects based on the innovation environment effectiveness criterion in the agro-food sector. The volume of innovation potential and costs between active enterprise groups in the livestock industry of Ukraine and EU-28 countries is determined. The study also establishes the criteria for implementing the innovation and investment development strategy for enterprises in the livestock industry of Ukraine at the macro level. The interdependence between the investment volume and the efficacy of innovation and investment processes in production is substantiated. The article concludes that the investment volume increases the innovation potential volume of enterprises of the live-stock industry in Ukraine.
Lifespan of a luteinised ovarian cyst, hormonal profile and uterine ultrasonographic appearance in a cyclic nulliparous Serrana goat

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The genesis, evolving and spontaneous regression of a single luteinised ovarian cyst in a cyclic nulliparous Serrana goat, during the breeding season, were presented. Daily ovarian and uterus transrectal ultrasonography scanning was performed during two consecutive (induced and natural) oestrous cycles. Blood samples were collected every 4 h during the first 24 h after onset of each oestrus, detected by a vasectomised buck, in order to identify the timing of LH preovulatory peak. Plasma progesterone (P4) levels were also evaluated, twice a week, by RIA. After first induced oestrus (with 50 µg of cloprostenol, IM), sexual behaviour and mount acceptance were observed, but the preovulatory LH peak and ovulation were not detected. The luteinisation of a persistent follicle was observed by ultrasonography and the plasma P4 levels increased from 0.2 ng/ml to 2.5 ng/ml. The ovarian cyst reached 20 mm in diameter, 16 days after induced oestrus. On 19th day, a natural oestrus with a LH peak (109.2 ng/ml) and ovulation was observed. Corpora lutea was visualized in presence of cyst that decreased to 5 mm on 10th day of the second oestrous cycle, when P4 levels reached 9.0 ng/ml. A heterogeneous ultrasonographic appearance of uterine horns was observed in presence of the cyst, but not during the dioestrus of the second oestrous cycle. This case showed the occurrence and spontaneous recovery of a luteinised ovarian cyst associated with low (subnormal) plasma P4 levels and heterogenic texture of uterus in a young cyclic goat.
Prevalence of Tobacco Smoking Among Ex-Mineworkers of Transkei, South Africa

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The smoking of tobacco is one of the most important confounding factors contributing to lung pathology. It is therefore essential to know the degree of prevalence of smoking in the community of former mineworkers of the Transkei, who constitute one of the groups in South Africa most affected by smoking. Objective: Prevalence study of smoking among former mineworkers of Transkei, South Africa Method: This is a record review study from the Benefit Examination Clinic, which was carried out once a week at the chest section of Mthatha Hospital in Transkei. Results: 466 ex-mineworkers were studied for their smoking habits. Non-smokers were lower in number at 97 (21%), the number of ex-smokers was 226 (48%) and smokers numbered 143 (31%). Little more than three-fifth were smokers - 89 (20%) - and ex-smokers - 142 (30%) - who were in their middle age (40-59yrs). Between 1% and 5% were observed to be in the extreme ends of their age groups (<40 &>60). It was observed that among the ex-miners who had worked in the mines for a period of 10 to 19 years, the ex-smokers constituted 26%, the smokers 17% and non-smokers 9%. The ex-smokers, smokers and non-smokers were in a proportion of about 5:3:2. The population of smokers peaked from 15% for those with a mining history of nine or fewer year’s underground to 42% for those who had been mining for 10 to 19 years and fell almost at the same rate from 42% to 22% in the group with 20 or more years of mining. Non-smokers among the sample increased from 5% (nine or fewer years) to 9% in the 10 to 19 years group, and ultimately settled at 7% when they had worked 20 years or more. Conclusion: The prevalence of smoking among ex-mineworkers is high (79%) in the Transkei region of South Africa.
Out-group Threat and Xenophobic Hate Crimes - Evidence of Local Intergroup Conflict Dynamics between Immigrants and Natives

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examines the relationship between crimes attributed to immigrants and hate crimes against refugees at the local level. We argue that localized crime events attributed to immigrants can lead natives to exact retribution against uninvolved out-group members. We investigate such intergroup conflict dynamics between immigrants and natives in Germany, a country that has in recent years experienced a sharp increase in both the foreign-born population and hate crimes. Our empirical analysis relies on fine-grained geo-coded data on more than 9,400 hate crimes and 17,600 immigrant-attributed crime events between 2015 and 2019. Using a regression discontinuity in time design (RDiT), we show that the daily probability of a hate crime rises sharply in the immediate aftermath of an immigrant crime event in a local community. Additional evidence points to mobilization rather than legitimization as a likely mechanism. Our results speak to growing concerns about xenophobic violence in Western democracies.
Investigating Travel Flow Differences between Peak Hours with Spatial Model with Endogenous Weight Matrix Using Automatic Vehicle Identification Data

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The rapid urbanization has brought great challenges to the transportation network. However, travel flow at peak hours is not always the same. It is important to investigate how travel flow differs between peak hours to capture travel flow patterns and influential factors to facilitate traffic management and urban planning. This paper establishes a spatial model with endogenous weight matrix (SARBP-EWM) to investigate the travel flow differences between morning and evening peaks on both weekday and weekend based on automatic vehicle identification (AVI) data and point of interest (POI) data in Xuancheng, China. The results confirm strong spatial effects and endogeneity issue. Besides, facility variables such as number of offices and number of clinics reveal strong negative impacts on travel flow differences on both weekday and weekend, while the number of middle school shows significantly positive relation with travel flow differences. In addition, the endogenous weight matrix on both weekday and weekend is successfully estimated and compared. It is found that TAZ pairs tend to be clustered with lower spatial weights on weekday, while they are more randomly distributed with higher spatial weights at weekend. Based on the results above, the policies proposed from Xuancheng 14th Five-Year Plan are evaluated and discussed. The above empirical analysis quantifies impacts from key factors on urban travel flow differences between peak hours and provides important references for urban planning and policy making.
Les inscriptions dans les monuments dynastiques hellénistiques

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Although writing can be found on the dynastic monuments of the Hellenistic period, its use was not systematic. This lack of consistency naturally raises questions about the reasons behind the presence or absence of inscriptions on these structures. The characteristics of the intended audience and the conditions of the monuments themselves can help to explain these differences, both in the existence of inscriptions and their specific contents. On the one hand, the naming of sovereigns and their families represented in images would have appeared unnecessary for those who saw the portraits every day. On the other hand, inscriptions that recalled the identity of the oldest ancestors of a dynasty could provide political meaning, in that they could legitimate an ascension to the throne. In this article, these mechanisms for the use of writing in portraiture will be examined using evidence from inscriptions on dynastic monuments of the Hellenistic period.
Evaluation of Time Taken for Laproscopic Donor Nephrectomy (LDN) and to Achieve Lowest Creatinine Levels after Surgery among Renal Transplant Recipients with Multiple Renal Arteries

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: This was a prospective observational study to evaluate the time taken for Laproscopic Donor Nephrectomy (LDN) and to Achieve Lowest Creatinine levels after surgery among Renal Transplant Recipients with Multiple Renal Arteries. Materials and Methods: In the present study 25 patients’ recipients of multiple renal artery graft kidney who underwent renal transplant after 30 the June 2016 till October 2017 with post-transplant serum creatinine ≤1.5mg/dL were included and evaluated for time taken for Laproscopic Donor Nephrectomy (LDN) and to Achieve Lowest Creatinine levels. Results: In the present study, in 16 cases (64%) time taken for LDN ranged from 180-239 minutes, 3 (12%) cases were completed in less than 120 minutes and 5(20%) cases were completed in time range of 120-179 minutes. Average time for LDN is 177.96±87.578 minutes. Time taken for recipient surgery in 20 cases (80%) varied from 180-239 minutes. In 4 cases (16%) surgery was completed in range of 240-300 minutes. Average time taken for recipient surgery was 203.64±61.504 minutes. Mean Cold Ischemia Time (CIT) in this study was 107.44±43.416 minutes. In this study the time taken to reach the lowest creatinine value varied from 3 days to 14 days with mean of 7.52±7.7 days. In majority of cases i.e. 12(48%) the lowest creatinine level was reached in less than 5 days . in 7 cases (28%) the time taken was 6-10 days and in 6 cases (24%) it was between 11-15 days. Conclusion: In conclusion, among majority of patients undergoing Laproscopic Donor Nephrectomy, time taken for LDN & recipient surgery was between3-4 hours while in majority of cases the lowest creatinine level was reached within a week.
Discussion about the Talent Training Mode in the Independent College

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Independent colleges are the outcome of the reform and development in Chinese tertiary education.Since appearing at the end of the 1990s,combining the advantages of education of mother universities and regime of private enterprises,independent colleges have risen rapidly and have been an important part of Chinese tertiary education system.Although the achievements they have reached,there are still many problems and some of the them influence the development of the colleges directly.This article puts forward some problems they have and analyses the causes.At the end,it proposes several measures.
Vapor-liquid equilibrium measurements for the methyl propanoate-ethanol and methyl propanoate-propan-1-ol at 101.32 kPa

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium measurements on binary systems of methyl propanoate with ethanol and propan-1-ol are taken at a constant pressure of 101.32 ± 0.02 kPa. These systems exhibit significant deviations from ideality and are shown to be thermodynamically consistent. The methyl propanoate-ethanol system forms an azeotrope at x = y = 0.483 and T = 345.58 K. Experimental data are fitted to a suitable equation and are likewise compared with the values predicted by the UNIFAC and ASOG models.
MicroRNA-29 Ameliorates Fibro-Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in HIF1α-Deficient Obese Adipose Tissue by Inhibiting Endotrophin Generation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Dysregulation of extracellular matrix proteins in obese adipose tissue (AT) induces systemic insulin resistance. The metabolic roles of type VI collagen and its cleavage peptide endotrophin in obese AT are well established. However, the mechanisms regulating endotrophin generation remain elusive. Herein, we identified that several endotrophin-containing peptides (pre-endotrophins) were generated from the COL6A3 chain in a stepwise manner for the efficient production of mature endotrophin, partly through the action of hypoxia-induced matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), including MMP2, MMP9, and MMP16. Hypoxia is an upstream regulator of COL6A3 expression and the proteolytic processing that regulates endotrophin generation. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) and the hypoxia-associated suppression of microRNA-29 (miR-29) cooperatively control the levels of COL6A3 and MMPs, which are responsible for endotrophin generation in hypoxic ATs. Adipocyte-specific Hif1α knock-out (APN-HIF1αKO) mice fed a chronic high-fat diet exhibited the significant amelioration of both local fibro-inflammation in AT and systemic insulin resistance compared with their control littermates, partly through the inhibition of endotrophin generation. Strikingly, adenovirus-mediated miR-29 overexpression in the ATs of APN-HIF1αKO mice in obesity significantly decreased endotrophin levels, suggesting that miR-29, combined with HIF1α inhibition in AT, could be a promising therapeutic strategy for treating obesity and related metabolic diseases.
Visual Evaluation of Train-of-Four Fade at the Orbicularis Oculi Muscle during Vecuronium-induced Neuromuscular Block: Comparison with the Adductor Pollicis Muscle.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ベクロニウムによる筋弛緩からの自然回復時,顔面神経刺激により誘発される眼輪筋収縮反応と,尺骨神経刺激による母指内転筋収縮反応において,視覚的に四連反応時の減衰が識別不能になる際の四連反応比の差について検討した.減衰が確認できなくなった時点における四連反応比計測値は眼輪筋で有意に小さく(眼輪筋:0.47,母指内転筋:0.51,<中央値>),眼輪筋では母指内転筋に比し判別感度が劣る可能性が示唆された.つまり視覚的には筋弛緩効果の残存を母指内転筋同様,眼輪筋でも十分に評価できない.
A simulation analyse of MANET's RREQ Flooding and HELLO Flooding attacks with ns-3

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the last decade, Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) have emerged as a major next generation wireless networking technology and have generated great interest among researchers in the development of theoretical and practical concepts, and their implementation under several computing environments. However, MANETs suffers from several vulnerabilities such as battery power, limited memory space, physical protection of network nodes, and various attacks that menace the security and decrease the performances of the network. In this article, we simulate and analyze the impact of HELLO Flooding and RREQ Flooding attack with Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol (RFC 3561) on using ns-3 simulator. In this simulation, we took into consideration the density of the network by the number of nodes included in the network, the speed of the nodes, the mobility model and even we chose the IEEE 802.11ac wireless local-area network (WLAN) standard for the MAC layer, in order to have a simulation, which deals with more general and more real scenarios. To be able to evaluate the impact of the attack on the network, we chose the Quality of Service (QoS) metrics for performance evaluation: Packet delivery rate, Routing overhead and End-to-End delay.
Diagnostics of reactive oxygen species produced by microplasmas

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Atmospheric pressure generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by microplasmas was experimentally studied. The remarkable stability of the microcathode sustained discharge (MCSD) allowed the operation of dc glow discharges, free from the glow-to-arc transition, in He/O2/NO mixtures at atmospheric pressure. Absolute densities of the main ROS were measured by different optical diagnostics: singlet delta oxygen (O2(a 1Δg)) by infrared emission and vacuum ultraviolet absorption in the effluent, ozone (O3) by ultraviolet absorption in the effluent, and atomic oxygen inside the discharge by two-photon absorption laser induced fluorescence. The effect of different parameters, such as gas flow and mixture, and discharge current, on the production of these ROS was studied. High ROS densities up to 1016 cm−3 were achieved. It is shown that the density ratio of O2(a 1Δg) to O3 can be finely tuned in the range [10−3–10+4], through the values of discharge current and NO concentration, and that high O2(a 1Δg) and O3 densities can be transported over distances longer than 50 cm. The MCSD is, thus, a very suitable tool for the continuous production at atmospheric pressure of large fluxes of O2(a 1Δg) and O3, useful to a wide range of applications, notably in plasma medicine.
Forming limit of sheet metal.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The forming limit of sheet metals is examined in terms of the uniqueness of the solution. There are two cases indicating multiplicity, one is statically admissible and another is kinematically admissible. The multiplicities are considered to correspond to plastic instabilities. The necking plane is studied as the plane admitting the existence of velocity discontinuity, and in sheet forming it cannot take any mode except perpendicular necking. After statical instability appears, the strain path cannot be controlled as freely as we would like. Finally, localized necking occurs, when the process satisfies the condition of the second kinematical instability, the mode of which is consistent with the mode of perpendicular necking. Several strain paths are assumed, and their formabilities are discussed.
Transforming Literacy Research for the Indigenous San of Botswana: Adopting appropriate research methods

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper seeks to advance reasons why appropriate research methods are important in conducting literacy research among the San peoples of Botswana, Southern Africa's first indigenous peoples. According to the Literacy Research Association, literacy research is “dedicated to promoting research that enriches the knowledge, understanding, and development of lifespan literacies in a multicultural and multilingual world.” In addition, the research should be “rigorous, methodologically diverse, and socially responsible” (Literacy Research Association, n.d.). The researchers developed an argument for the inclusion of the Southern African Philosophy of Botho (known as Ubuntu in South Africa) as a theoretical framework in San research. According to Chilisa and Preece (2005), Ubuntu/Botho preaches respect for human life, mutual help, generosity, cooperation, respect for elders and social harmony. In addition, Botho can be employed with other frameworks such as Social Construction of Knowledge and Afrocentricity. Currently, the San peoples feel that they do not have a say in their children's education and policies that affect their day-to-day lives. The adoption of relevant and appropriate research methodologies in the San people's research will result in San empowerment not only in literacy development, but in all spheres of life. An important recommendation of this study is that San peoples should be gatekeepers not only in their communities, but also in academia.
A Neutrino - Based Hypothesis for Dark Matter formation via Spin- Flipped Pairing

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Author and proposer of a scientific theory on the structure of dark matter based on neutrinos and spin dynamics. This is the first public release of this theoretical preprint. It has not been peer-reviewed or published in any scientific journal yet.The paper presents a novel hypothesis proposing that dark matter may originate from condensed neutrino–antineutrino pairs with opposite spins.The model combines quantum properties of neutrinos with gravitational effects at cosmological scales to explain phenomena such as flat galactic rotation curves.The theory is open to further scientific discussion and validation.
“Whence had she all this wealth?”: Dryden’s Note on The Faerie Queene V.vii.24 and the Gifts of Literal Reading

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article discusses an annotation that John Dryden made in one of his copies of Spenser’s poems. In it, Dryden expressed surprise at the sudden emergence of the gifts that Britomart gives to the priests of Isis in Book V of The Faerie Queene. This annotation is used to explore the tendency of objects suddenly to emerge in Spenser’s poem, with varying degrees of explanation for their origins. This tendency is part of what grants the literal surface of the narrative its perennial capacity to surprise and delight.