jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Where Hepatitis B and Hepatitis E Meet: Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) superinfection has a significant impact on a natural course of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with underlying chronic liver disease (CLD). These patients usually present with increased symptoms, rapid decompensation to liver failure, and increased mortality. An increasing rate of HEV infections worldwide with uncertainties in its prevention and treatment raises a great concern to this group of patients. Therefore, in this article, we reviewed recent studies describing the epidemiological patterns of HEV and Hepatitis B virus (HBV), both mono and dual infections. We also reviewed the literature on clinical interaction among HBV/HEV-superinfected patients with CLD and the potential preventive strategies.
Renovascular Hypertension : Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This book contains 42 selections. Some of the titles are: Clinical Pharmacology of Two Synthetic Atrial Natriuretics Peptides; Reflex Control of Renin Release in Normotensive and Hypertensive Humans; Renal Blood flow in Renovascular Hypertension; and Radioisotopic Studies in Renovascular Hypertension Before and After Surgery or Percutaneous Transluminal Renal Angioplasty.
Altered synthesis of proteoglycans by cyst-derived cells from autosomal-dominant polycystic kidneys

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Normal human renal epithelial cells (NK) and cells from cysts of autosomal-dominant polycystic kidneys (ADPKD) were radiolabeled with [35S]sulfate. A two- to three-fold decrease in the radioactivity incorporated into the proteoglycan (PG) fraction, as ascertained by tissue autoradiography and biochemical techniques, was observed in the ADPKD group. In subconfluent NK cells, PGs eluted as two peaks with different proportions of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and heparan sulfate (HS) in the cellular and media fractions. In the confluent stage, only a single major peak in the media and matrix fractions was seen and had variable proportions of CS and HS. In subconfluent ADPKD monolayers, cellular PGs eluted as two peaks, with the major peak of higher molecular weight compared with NK cells. In confluent stage, there was a single PG peak of a relatively higher molecular weight, with a variable increase in the proportions of CS vs. HS and lower charge-density characteristics. These findings indicate that size and species of PGs vary during subconfluent and confluent stages of culture and elucidate a defect in the biosynthesis of PGs in human ADPKD cells.
A CASE OF ATTEMPTED SUICIDE WITH INSULIN

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The average diabetic patient is a well behaved member of society seldom given to acts of violence or attempts to inflict injury on himself or others. Indeed, aside from the tendency to deceive his physician in regard to his cooperation, he is apt to be an exemplary citizen. A careful search of the literature for the past ten years has revealed no case in which such a massive dose of insulin was taken and only one case1in which insulin was taken with suicidal intent; and in this case only 20 units was taken. This was but 12 units more than the patient had taken as a daily dose to control his diabetes. He promptly repented of his deed and took sugar within fifteen or twenty minutes and did not suffer any reaction. Hypoglycemia may produce death, and even mild degrees of depression of the level of the blood
Frequent fires do not affect sexual expression and reproduction in Vachellia caven

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract In environments with high fire frequency the impoverishment of abiotic resources may favour male sexual expression in plants as it is less costly than female expression. Also, fire can modify pollinator communities and thus affect plant reproduction. Here we evaluate the effect of frequent fires on sexual expression, pollination and reproductive success of Vachellia caven (Leguminosae), an andromonoecious tree that is highly dependent on animal pollination and is abundant in burned sites. We expect that increased fire frequency will favour maleness but it will decrease reproductive success due to abiotic resource depletion in repeated burned sites. To test this, we selected focal plants in three unburned sites and three frequently burned sites and measured their sexual expression, basal diameter, pollination and fruit set. The proportion of male inflorescences per plant was not affected by fire and it was negatively related with the diameter of the plant. The proportion of pollinated flowers was not affected by fire, and fruit set increased with maleness only in frequently burned sites. These results indicate that V. caven is adapted to regimes of high fire frequency: not only was there similar fruit set in both burned and unburned sites, but more male plants had higher fruit set in burned sites. Despite the soil impoverishment triggered by repeated fires, V. caven is able to maintain its sexual and reproductive functions, allowing it to persist and maintain viable populations in fire‐prone environments. Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Review of Research on Tooth Surface Error Control of Large CNC Gear Form Grinding

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Compared with the worm wheel gear grinding，gear form grinding is suitable for high efficiency grinding of large diameter and large modulus gears，despite difficulties concerning with grinding precision control，precise modification of tooth profile and precision detection in machine. Reviewing the research and development of gear form grinding tooth surface error control at home and abroad， the research achievements and existing problems at home and abroad in recent years from the three error sources which are the grinding wheel dressing system error，gear grinding system error and on-machine inspection system error are discussed， proposes directions and contents that need further research which are the construction of a closed-loop grinding system of “grinding wheel dressing，gear form grinding，on-machine evaluation of tooth surface error，reverse traceability of machine tool errors & error tracking compensation” and the realization of the improvement of grinding accuracy and dressing accuracy，carries out research on tooth surface error mapping modeling，tooth surface error on-machine evaluation and tooth surface error tracking correction method，and optimizes the on-machine inspection and compensation system. Being familiar with the research and development status of gear form grinding error compensation is beneficial to key technology breakthroughs in the development of high precision gear form grinding and gear testing equipment.
Spotlight on the October 26 Issue

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This case-control study assessed statin use among 217 hospital-diagnosed cases of epilepsy and 2,170 controls among older cardiovascular patients who had received a revascularization procedure. The results suggest that statin use decreases the risk of hospitalizations for epilepsy; additional research will be needed to confirm these observational results.

See p. 1496

From editorialists Rohit R. Das and Susan T. Herman: “Statins can be associated with significant adverse effects; while intriguing, these results do not justify starting statin therapy in patients who do not meet currently …
Approximate Volume of Sand Materials Stockpile Based on Structure From Motion (SFM)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Information can be obtained through image processing. One of the information that can be obtained is the Volume of a 3-dimensional object. A digital image is 2dimensional data obtained from shooting an object using a camera. A stockpile is a place to store material in an open area. This material is piled up and then taken, processed, marketed, or used later. Various materials can be categorized as a stockpile, one of which is sand material. Calculating the Volume of stockpiles in the mining world is important. Stockpile volume can be measured using image processing. The method used in this research is 3D reconstruction. This image processing uses the Structure from Motion method. The calculation is continued by determining centroid and radius distance using the Euclidean Distance algorithm. The goal of this research is to measure the estimated volume of sand material stockpile based on the results of SFM using Euclidean Distance. Testing experiment processed using a miniature small sand material stockpile. The dataset in this research are images of sand material taken sequentially. Data is obtained using a digital camera. There are nine images used in each test data. The testing data used were 25 pieces of material sand. The average accuracy value is 74.21%, and the RMSE value is 14.31.
ISVD‐4  Deep cutaneous ulcerations secondary to atherosclerosis in a hypothyroid dog

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this report is to describe the clinical and histopathological characteristics of deep cutaneous ulcerations secondary to atherosclerosis. A 5‐year‐old Dalmatian dog was presented with slowly progressive, slightly puritic, nonpainful skin ulcers involving the lateral tarsus, the inner thigh, and one footpad. The hair coat was greasy, dull and covered by oily scales. The tail was alopecic. The dog was abnormally quiet, bradycardic and had a swollen puffy face. Complete blood count revealed a moderate anaemia, and the chemistry panel revealed a severe hypercholesterolemia (12.03 g/L) and hypertriglyceridemia (7.91 g/L). Endocrine tests unveiled low serum T4 (<4.67 ng/mL) and high endogenous TSH (2.08 ng/mL). Histological examination of skin biopsy specimens demonstrated deep chronic ulcers. Beneath these ulcers, deep dermal and subcutaneous medium to large arteries exhibited variable degrees of sclerosis, multiple foci of lipid deposition, and large foamy lipid‐laden histiocytes infiltrating within the tunica intima and media. Rare neutrophils and lymphocytes occasionally infiltrated the arterial walls. Oral thyroxin supplementation induced rapid changes in the dog's attitude, facial swelling and heart rate. The hair coat improved dramatically and ulcers rapidly healed following treatment implementation. There are only rare descriptions of clinical consequences of atherosclerosis in the veterinary literature. To our knowledge, this is the first report of atherosclerosis‐related cutaneous ulceration in dogs. Atherosclerosis is rare in this species, where it most often occurs secondary to diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism. Ischaemia induced by atheromatous plaques and secondary thrombosis is likely the cause of the skin ulceration in this patient. Funding: Self‐funded.
Long-term consequences of vaginal delivery on the pelvic floor. A comparison with caesarean section in one-para women

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract\nLong-term consequences of vaginal delivery on the pelvic floor:\nA comparison with caesarean section in one-parae women\n\nUrinary incontinence (UI), symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse (sPOP), and faecal and anal\nincontinence (FI and AI) are the three major sequelae of childbirth. It has as yet not been\nfinally settled whether in the long term vaginal delivery (VD) is detrimental to pelvic floor\nfunction in comparison to caesarean section (CS). The aim of this thesis was to study the\ninfluence of childbirth on the long-term prevalence of these pelvic floor disorders (PFD) and\ntheir putative obstetric and non-obstetric risk factors by comparing two large cohorts of\nwomen after one VD compared to one CS in 2008, 20 years after childbirth. This national\ncohort study included 5236 one-parae women who gave birth in 1985-1988 and returned a\nquestionnaire on PFD in 2008. Self-reported information was linked to obstetric data from the\nSwedish Medical Birth Register.\nThe prevalence of UI; UI for more than 10 years; subtypes of UI; severe, significant and\nbothersome UI; sPOP; AI, severe AI; FI; were consistently higher after VD compared to CS.\nAfter one VD the prevalence of FI increased by about 4%, UI by 12% and sPOP by about 8%,\ncompared to one CS. After a VD women with sPOP had an almost tripled prevalence of UI\ncompared with CS. A ≥2nd degree perineal tear was associated with an almost doubled\nprevalence of FI. Episiotomy during VD was protective for FI. BMI was second to VD the\nmost important risk factor for PFD, which is important since it is modifiable.\nIn conclusion, one single VD was associated with an increased prevalence of all three of the\nmost important pelvic floor disorders - UI, sPOP, and FI - 20 years after giving birth to one\nchild.\nKey-words; Vaginal delivery, caesarean section, urinary incontinence, subtypes, bothersome,\nseverity, pelvic organ prolapse, anal incontinence, faecal incontinence, long-term,\nepidemiology, body mass index, episiotomy, perineal tear.\nISBN 978-91-628-8594-6\nhttp://hdl.handle.net/2077/31701
Utility of clinical high‐depth next generation sequencing for somatic variant detection in the PIK3CA‐related overgrowth spectrum

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Next‐generation sequencing ( NGS ) has revolutionized the approach of studying sequence variation, and has been well described in the clinical laboratory setting for the detection of constitutional alterations, as well as somatic tumor‐associated variants. It is increasingly recognized that post‐zygotic somatic alteration can be associated with congenital phenotypic abnormalities. Variation within the PI3K / AKT / mTOR pathway, including PIK3CA , has been described in somatic overgrowth syndromes and vascular malformations. Detection of PIK3CA somatic alteration is challenging because of low variant allele frequency ( VAF ) along with the need to assay involved tissue, thus necessitating a highly sensitive methodology. Here we describe the utility of target hybrid capture coupled with NGS for the identification of somatic variation in the PIK3CA ‐related overgrowth spectrum ( PROS ) among 14 patients submitted for clinical testing. Assay detection of low allelic fraction variation is coverage dependent with >90% sensitivity at 400× unique read depth for VAF of 10%, and approaching 100% at 1000×. Average read depth among the patient dataset across PIK3CA coding regions was 788.4. The diagnostic yield among this cohort was 71%, including the detection of two PIK3CA alterations novel in the setting of PROS . This report expands the mutational scope and phenotypic attributes of PROS disorders.
ALTERED EXERCISE PRESSOR RESPONSE IN PERSONS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS185

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This study tested the hypothesis that the lower mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) response previously observed during isometric exercise in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) is appropriate to a dampened metabolic signal from the muscle. MAP (Finapres) and heart rate (HR) were measured in 8 MS and 10 control (C) subjects during a Valsalva maneuver (VM, 40mmHg, 15 sec), a cold pressor test (CPT, 2.5 min hand immersion in ice water) and a sustained isometric dorsiflexion contraction at 30% MVC until target failure(IE). Rest MAP and HR were obtained prior to each intervention. In a subset of 5 MS and 6 C, measurements of intracellular pH and phosphocreatine (PCr) were obtained during IE by 31P MRS. There were no differences between C and MS in peak Δ MAP from rest during VM (20 ± 4 mmHg vs. 26 ± 7; C vs.MS) nor during CPT (25±4 mmHg vs. 23 ± 4; C vs. MS). End IE results were as follows: Table Despite similar ET and ΔHR, the MAP response was attenuated at end IE. Normal ΔMAP during VM and CPT indicate that the altered MAP response was exercise specific and not due to a generalized dysautonomia in MS. The diminished metabolic response to exercise in MS suggests that the attenuated pressor response was appropriate to a diminished muscle chemoreflex.
Monitoring system of cold chain logistics for farm fresh produce

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Due to the fact that the existing domestic technologies applied for practically monitoring the cold-chain are fairly limited,the loss of the cold foods during the logistics is much higher than that of international standards.To solve this problem,a new method for monitoring cold chain logistics was proposed and developed based on RFID,GPS and GPRS technologies,which can be used to monitor the condition of fresh foods in real time and publish the condition and quality of the cold foods on-line,including the parameters of the temperature,picture and location information of goods in transit.The warning message will be automatically sent to the drivers and centrally control office when the temperature exceeds a given threshold.The laboratory experiment results have shown that this system can be used to ensure that the goods in transit is always maintained in a safe condition,the loss of the foods during logistics can be effectively reduced.
From the least to the greatest : children at the Lord's Supper : paedocommunion in the Dutch Reformed tradition

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

De kwestie van kinderen aan het avondmaal is na de Tweede Wereldoorlog onderwerp van gesprek geworden onder protestanten wereldwijd. De pioniers van de jaren vijftig en zestig markeren het begin van een groeiende beweging van protestanten die de gedachte en de praktijk van deelname van kinderen aan het avondmaal omarmen. Met een focus op de Nederlandse, gereformeerde traditie onderzoekt Peter Sinia in zijn dissertatie de kwestie in haar volledige theologische breedte. Zijn studie verschaft een overzicht en een grondige analyse van de discussie over- en de introductie van kindercommunie. Wat de kerkelijke discussie betreft richt de studie zich op de discussie binnen de Gereformeerde Kerk vrijgemaakt en Nederlands Gereformeerde Kerk, de Gereformeerde Kerk in Nederland en de Noord-Amerikaanse Christian Reformed Church. Belangrijk onderdeel van het overzicht en de analyse vormen drie case studies van die introductie in plaatselijke kerken in Nederland, de Verenigde Staten en Canada. De Nederlandse case study vertelt het verhaal van kinderen aan het avondmaal in de Gereformeerde Kerk vrijgemaakt van Rijsbergen begin jaren zestig. De recente discussie en veranderingen in de praktijk worden ook geplaatst tegen de bredere achtergrond van de geschiedenis van kindercommunie en de historische ontwikkelingen rondom kinderen in maatschappij en kerk. Het veelomvattende onderzoek heeft geleid tot een dissertatie die een makkelijk te doorzoeken goudmijn aan informatie en inzichten bevat voor ieder die geïnteresseerd is in kindercommunie.
Validation on Utrecht Work Engagement Scale: Multisample and Multi Sectors Analysis

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Research on work engagement has proven by previous studies that showed constructive, positive behaviors related to work. Several studies used the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) instrument, but evidence of instrument construct validity is only available in some countries. This study investigates the validity of UWES constructs using a multisample in several sectors in the Greater Bandung Region, Indonesia. The approach to testing validity uses confirmatory factor analysis with the Lisrel 8.8 program tool. The results of the study showed that version 17 of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) instrument was valid and realistic in a multisample in several industrial sectors in the Greater Bandung Region, Indonesia. The research implications can recommend the use of version 17 of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) instrument to measure Work Engagement at the individual level in the organization.
Truth or Economics

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Is economic efficiency a sound basis upon which to make public policy or legal decisions? In this sophisticated analysis, Richard S. Markovits considers the way in which scholars and public decision-makers define, predict, and assess the moral and legal relevance of economic efficiency. The author begins by identifying imperfections in the traditional definition of economic efficiency. He then develops and illustrates an appropriate response to Second-Best Theory and investigates the moral and legal relevance of economic-efficiency analyses. Not only do virtually all economic, legal, and public policy thinkers misdefine economic efficiency, the author concludes, they also ignore or respond inadequately to Second-Best Theory when analyzing the economic efficiency of public choices and misassess the relevance of economic-efficiency conclusions both for moral evaluations and for the answer to legal-rights questions that is correct as a matter of law.
The pregnant smoker: improving success rates and preventing postpartum smoking relapse

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Smoking during pregnancy continues to adversely affect mothers, fetuses and infants after birth. We review the evidence for effective interventions to assist pregnant women to stop smoking both during pregnancy and to reduce postpartum relapse back to smoking following delivery. We highlight programs that have shown to be effective strategies and outline for the clinician an evidence-based approach to assist women in both stopping smoking and preventing secondhand smoke exposure to their infants.
Supplementary Figure S3 from Efficacy of Osimertinib in Patients with Lung Cancer Positive for Uncommon EGFR Exon 19 Deletion Mutations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Figure S3. Progression Free Survival for patients with tumors harboring select exon 19 deletions treated with second or later line osimertinib (T790M+). The point estimate for median progression free survival associated with each mutation is listed to the right of the figure legend.</p>
California Indian languages

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Nowhere was the linguistic diversity of the New World more extreme than in California, where an extraordinary variety of village-dwelling peoples spoke seventy-eight mutually unintelligible languages. This comprehensive illustrated handbook, a major synthesis of more than 150 years of documentation and study, reviews what we now know about California's indigenous languages. Victor Golla outlines the basic structural features of more than two dozen language types, and cites all the major sources, both published and unpublished, for the documentation of these languages - from the earliest vocabularies collected by explorers and missionaries, to the data amassed during the twentieth-century by Alfred Kroeber and his colleagues, and to the extraordinary work of John P. Harrington and C. Hart Merriam. Golla also devotes chapters to the role of language in reconstructing prehistory, and to the intertwining of the language and culture in pre-contact California societies, making this work, the first of its kind, an essential reference on California's remarkable Indian languages.