jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
INISIATIF MASYARAKAT INDONESIA DI MASA AWAL PANDEMI COVID-19: SEBUAH UPAYA PEMBANGUNAN KESEHATAN

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The impact of the pandemic has influenced every aspect of peopleâ€™s life. One of the positive impacts of the pandemic in Indonesia is the existence of the community initiative to prevent the COVID-19 spreading. This article aims to explore several initiatives coming from the society in relation to COVID-19 and the lesson learned for the society to have preparedness in facing health disasters. The data come from the 39 online news on the internet, the data was then analysed using a content analysis method. The authors found that Indonesian community initiative can be distinguished by two purposes i.e. to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 and to help the vulnerability group cope with the economic impact of COVID-19. Furthermore, mostly the initiative originally came from society without the intervention of the government. It is important to note that the collaboration between the government, both the centre and local, and the society should be strengthened.
Data from Current Panorama and Challenges for Neoadjuvant Cancer Immunotherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) may overcome cancer cells' ability to evade the immune system and proliferate. The long-term benefit of ICI in the metastatic setting led to evaluate neoadjuvant ICI approaches in several tumor types such as melanoma, non–small cell lung cancer, and breast and bladder cancer. We summarize the current evidence for the efficacy of neoadjuvant ICI in cancer and discuss several unresolved challenges, including the role of adjuvant treatment after neoadjuvant ICI, the efficacy in oncogenic addicted tumors, and standardizing pathologic assessment.</p></div>
[Skeletal thumb reconstruction by vascularized metacarpal II transposition. Anatomic study and clinical case reports].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In complex hand injuries with destruction of the index finger, improved function is achieved by resection of the second metacarpal. We examined the possible use of the second metacarpal for reconstruction of simultaneous bony thumb defects. Its vascular anatomy was studied by dissection of 104 cadaver hands that had been injected with "Kleistermasse". Six arterial patterns were found, all of them useful for transposition of the second metacarpal into a thumb defect. The use of this new vascularized pedicle bone graft is demonstrated.
HOW TO CONTROL AND PREVENT THE SPREAD OF BANANA STREAK DISEASE WHEN THE ORIGIN COULD BE VIRAL SEQUENCES INTEGRATED IN THE BANANA GENOME?

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Banana streak viruses are among the most widely distributed viruses of banana and are responsible for banana streak disease. Natural field spread occurs by either mealybugs or use of infected planting material, such as suckers. Banana streak viruses are pararetroviruses belonging to the genus Badnavirus, in the family Caulimoviridae. Like all members of the Badnavirus genus, they have bacilliform virions, 30 x 150 nm in size and a circular dsDNA genome of 7.4kbp. Fifteen years ago, an increasing number of outbreaks of banana streak disease were reported worldwide. Many occured in banana breeding lines and micropropagated inter-specific banana hybrids. The origin of infections in new hybrids and tissue-cultured plants was linked to the presence of viral DNA sequences integrated into the Musa balbisiana genome. Although integration is not an essential step in the replication cycle of pararetroviruses, it is assumed that under stress conditions some endogenous banana streak viruses could become infectious by reconstituting a complete replication-competent viral genome. Several serological and molecular tools have been developed to detect either virions or endogenous banana streak viruses. They specificity and potential to prevent and control outbreaks of banana streak disease is discussed. (Resume d'auteur)
Hyoid bone fracture: an unrecognised complication of intubation or transoesophageal echocardiogram?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 55-year-old man sustained a compound hyoid fracture in the perioperative period surrounding coronary artery bypass surgery. The two most likely mechanisms of injury were external laryngeal pressure sustained either during transoesophageal echocardiogram (TOE) or intubation. He was managed operatively and made an uneventful recovery. The procedure that led to the hyoid fracture was not determined. Of note, this has not been previously described as a complication of either procedure.
The Pathogenesis of Pasteurella multocida Serotype A:3,4 Infection in Turkeys: A Comparison of Two Vaccine Strains and a Field Isolate

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The pathogenesis of avian pasteurellosis caused by two vaccine strains, M-9 and Clemson University (CU), and a highly virulent field isolate, 86-1913, of Pasteurella multocida (serotype A:3,4) was studied in 7-week-old turkeys inoculated by an oculo-nasal-oral technique. Turkeys inoculated with strain CU and isolate 86-1913 developed severe progressive bacteremia that began at 4 hours postinoculation (PI) and peaked at 16-20 hours PI. Turkeys inoculated with strain CU and isolate 86-1913 had significantly higher concentrations of bacteria in blood and tissues, and greater histologic lesion scores for necrosis, heterophil infiltrates, and intralesional bacteria than turkeys inoculated with strain M-9. Immunohistochemical staining specific for P. multocida demonstrated numerous extracellular bacteria in tissues from turkeys inoculated with strain CU and isolate 86-1913. The mortality for turkeys inoculated with isolate 86-1913 was significantly higher than for turkeys receiving the two vaccine strains.
Leveraging sentiment analysis of food delivery services reviews using deep learning and word embedding

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Companies that deliver food (food delivery services, or FDS) try to use customer feedback to identify aspects where the customer experience could be improved. Consumer feedback on purchasing and receiving goods via online platforms is a crucial tool for learning about a company’s performance. Many English-language studies have been conducted on sentiment analysis (SA). Arabic is becoming one of the most extensively written languages on the World Wide Web, but because of its morphological and grammatical difficulty as well as the lack of openly accessible resources for Arabic SA, like as dictionaries and datasets, there has not been much research done on the language. Using a manually annotated FDS dataset, the current study conducts extensive sentiment analysis using reviews related to FDS that include Modern Standard Arabic and dialectal Arabic. It does this by utilizing word embedding models, deep learning techniques, and natural language processing to extract subjective opinions, determine polarity, and recognize customers’ feelings in the FDS domain. Convolutional neural network (CNN), bidirectional long short-term memory recurrent neural network (BiLSTM), and an LSTM-CNN hybrid model were among the deep learning approaches to classification that we evaluated. In addition, the article investigated different effective approaches for word embedding and stemming techniques. Using a dataset of Modern Standard Arabic and dialectal Arabic corpus gathered from Talabat.com, we trained and evaluated our suggested models. Our best accuracy was approximately 84% for multiclass classification and 92.5% for binary classification on the FDS. To verify that the proposed approach is suitable for analyzing human perceptions in diversified domains, we designed and carried out excessive experiments on other existing Arabic datasets. The highest obtained multi-classification accuracy is 88.9% on the Hotels Arabic-Reviews Dataset (HARD) dataset, and the highest obtained binary classification accuracy is 97.2% on the same dataset.
Rehabilitation and Assessment 1. Assessment of Upper Limb Function by Measuring Transcutaneous Oxygen Tension in Hemiplegia due to Cerebrovascular Diseases.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1990-1993年に当院入院し急性期を脱し病状安定した脳血管障害による片麻痺患者12例 (64.6±11.6歳;脳梗塞9例, 脳出血3例) の麻痺側正中動脈と肘静脈の酸素分圧 (PaO2, PvO2), 及び両側前腕の経皮酸素分圧 (TcO2) を測定し, 片麻痺レベルと比較・検討した.片麻痺の強い症例では軽い症例に比して, 麻痺側と健側のTcO2の差は有意に大きく, 麻痺側のTcO2とPaO2の差は大きく, 麻痺側のPaO2とPvO2の差は小さくなった.片麻痺では血管運動神経障害, 自律神経障害, 動静脈シャント開大, 皮下脂肪・筋の代謝障害などが推定され, 麻痺側上肢ではPaO2に比してTcO2が低くなり, また健側上肢よりも麻痺側上肢のTcO2が低くなると思われた.さらに両側上肢のTcO2の差が片麻レベルの評価に有用であることが示唆された.
The literary in Amanda Labarca: a philosophical-political project

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Two literary works of the outstanding Chilean intellectual Amanda Labarca are analyzed from a philosophical and political point of view. The first work, Impressions of Youth, positions Labarca as a critical reader of Spanish-American authors and makes visible her interest in Emilia Pardo Bazán, whose feminism she adheres to. In Unveilings at Dawn, her Nietzscheanism is revealed, through which she demands a kind of resistance to the nihilism produced by war and the absolute relativity of values. Both works allow us to recognize the keys of her new philosophy in the first half of the twentieth century.
The Influences of Category Learning on Perceptual Reconstructions

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract We explore different ways in which the human visual system can adapt for perceiving and categorizing the environment. There are various accounts of supervised (categorical) and unsupervised perceptual learning, and different perspectives on the functional relationship between perception and categorization. We suggest that common experimental designs are insufficient to differentiate between hypothesized perceptual learning mechanisms and reveal their possible interplay. We propose a relatively underutilized way of studying potential categorical effects on perception, and we test the predictions of different perceptual learning models using a two‐dimensional, interleaved categorization‐plus‐reconstruction task. We find evidence that the human visual system adapts its encodings to the feature structure of the environment, uses categorical expectations for robust reconstruction, allocates encoding resources with respect to categorization utility, and adapts to prevent miscategorizations.
PRIMARY CARE: PSYCHOSOCIAL ISSUES, POSTPARTUM CARE, AMBULATORY CARE AND HOSPITALIZATION, VIOLENCE Uninsured Children With Psychosocial Problems: Primary Care Management

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective. Nearly 14% of children in the United States are uninsured. We compared the preva- lence of psychosocial problems and mental health ser- vices received by insured and uninsured children in primary care practices. Methods. The Child Behavior Study was a cohort study conducted by Pediatric Research in Office Settings and the Ambulatory Sentinel Practice Network. Four hundred one primary care clinicians enrolled an aver- age sample of 55 consecutive children (4 -15 years old) per clinician. Results. Of the 13 401 visits to clinicians with 3 or more uninsured patients, 12 518 were by insured chil- dren (93.4%) and 883 were by uninsured children (6.6%). A higher percentage of adolescents, Hispanic children, those with unmarried parents, and those with less educated parents were uninsured. According to cli- nicians, uninsured children and insured children had similar rates of psychosocial problems (19%) and severe psychosocial problems (2%). For children with a clini- cian-identified psychosocial problem, we found no dif- ferences in clinician-reported counseling, medication use, or referral to mental health professionals. Conclusions. Among children served in primary care practices, uninsured children have similar prevalence of clinician-identified psychosocial and mental health prob- lems compared with insured children. Within their prac- tices, clinicians managed uninsured children much the same way as insured children. Pediatrics 2000;106:930- 936; psychosocial problems, uninsured children, pediat- rics, family medicine, primary care.
Colloid cyst of the third ventricle: a cause of sudden death in a child

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Colloid cyst is a rare benign intracranial neoplasm, commonly located\nin the third ventricle. Though headache and visual symptoms are\nclassical, the patients may present with sudden neurological\ndeterioration. We present a ten-year-old male child who presented with\nsudden neurological deterioration due to colloid cyst of the third\nventricle resulting in death. The child had intermittent headache for\nthree months, for which medical attention was not sought. This report\ndetails the case and a short review of the condition is presented (with\nemphasis on the clinical features and importance of early diagnosis).\nManagement (including surgical methods and conservative treatment) of\nthird ventricle colloid cysts is briefly reviewed.
Biochemical Studies on Germination of Bacterial Spores

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The initiating mechanism in the germination of Bacillus thiaminolyticus spores was studied with 14 C‐ L ‐alanine. A characteristic pattern of incorporation of L ‐alanine into the spores was observed during the early stages of germination with two incorporation peaks, one occurred just after contact with L ‐alanine (first incorporation) and the other 5 min later (second incorporation). L ‐Glutamine, L ‐valine, or L ‐serine substituted for the incorporation of L ‐alanine during the first stage of germination. Although, L ‐alanine taken up during the first incorporation phase was extractable with trichloroacetic acid (TCA), that taken up during the second incorporation phase was not extractable. The distribution of radioactivity showed that incorporated L ‐alanine was located in the spore coat, mainly in the paracrystal fraction. The radioactive material which remained in the germination medium or was extractable from the spore coat fraction with TCA treatment or pronase digestion was identified as alanine. Significance of incorporation of L ‐alanine and its location in the spore in reference to the initiation of germination is discussed.
Household infrastructure in Aboriginal communities and the implications for health improvement

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

These findings highlight the significance of absent or non-functioning household infrastructure as a potential contributory factor in the poor nutritional status and high rates of respiratory, skin and gastrointestinal infections in Indigenous communities. The environmental health and housing survey in the NT is an important tool for monitoring progress on addressing a key underlying determinant of the health of Indigenous people, and potentially for facilitating research aimed at gaining an improved understanding of the relationship of the household environment to health in Indigenous communities.
Gabay Magulang: A Parent-Empowerment Program

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background and context: Gabay Magulang or Parent Guide is a collaboration between Kythe Foundation Inc. and selected medical students to provide support for and empower parents of children newly diagnosed with cancer. With the guide, parents would be better able to understand and care for their children. Aim: The program has two aims. First, it seeks to inform parents by providing relevant information on childhood cancer and its treatment. Second, the program hopes to develop and empower core Parent Leaders who will take the lead in educating and supporting other parents. Strategy/Tactics: Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with parents of children with cancer to better understand their needs and how best they can be supported. With the information gathered, a draft of the guide was written by the medical students and forwarded first to Kythe staff and then to pediatric hematologists/oncologists for editing. Four pediatric hematologists/oncologists edited the booklet before publishing. From the initial FGDs, a select group of core parents were invited to be Parent Leaders. Four training sessions on the use of the guide were conducted by Kythe. After the training, the Parent Leaders led learning sessions with parents of newly diagnosed children. Program/Policy process: Two programs are run every year with four months for each program. Monthly learning sessions are conducted in the four months by the Parent Leaders using Gabay Magulang (Parent Guide). In these four sessions, Kythe staff are present to provide support and a pediatric oncology fellow or consultant is on hand to either discuss a specific topic or provide answers to questions that arise. Outcomes: There are now four Parent Leaders who actively help in educating and empowering parents of newly diagnosed patients. More of the latter set of parents have expressed an increase in awareness and information of pediatric cancer. Likewise, they have become more involved in their children´s journey and treatment process. A new batch of Parent Leaders are now being chosen. What was learned: Empowering parents to be active partners and advocates in the holistic healing of their children undergoing treatment of cancer is essential. The Gabay Magulang program has published a parent guide, trained Parent Leaders to lead learning sessions and has provided parents with opportunities for better understanding of their children's illness and treatment and answered questions through sessions with a pediatric oncology fellow or consultant.
Glyoxal cross‐linking of solubilized extracellular matrix to produce highly porous, elastic, and chondro‐permissive scaffolds for orthopedic tissue engineering

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Extracellular matrix (ECM)‐derived implants hold great promise for tissue repair, but new strategies are required to produce efficiently decellularized scaffolds with the necessary porosity and mechanical properties to facilitate regeneration. In this study, we demonstrate that it is possible to produce highly porous, elastic, articular cartilage (AC) ECM‐derived scaffolds that are efficiently decellularized, nonimmunogenic, and chondro‐permissive. Pepsin solubilized porcine AC was cross‐linked with glyoxal, lyophilized and then subjected to dehydrothermal treatment. The resulting scaffolds were predominantly collagenous in nature, with the majority of sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) and DNA removed during scaffold fabrication. Four scaffold variants were produced to examine the effect of both ECM (10 or 20 mg/mL) and glyoxal (5 or 10 m M ) concentration on the mechanical and biological properties of the resulting construct. When seeded with human infrapatellar fat pad‐derived stromal cells, the scaffolds with the lowest concentration of both ECM and glyoxal were found to promote the development of a more hyaline‐like cartilage tissue, as evident by increased sGAG and type II collagen deposition. Furthermore, when cultured in the presence of human macrophages, it was found that these ECM‐derived scaffolds did not induce the production of key proinflammatory cytokines, which is critical to success of an implantable biomaterial. Together these findings demonstrate that the novel combination of solubilized AC ECM and glyoxal crosslinking can be used to produce highly porous scaffolds that are sufficiently decellularized, highly elastic, chondro‐permissive and do not illicit a detrimental immune response when cultured in the presence of human macrophages.
Towards physics-based finite-fault Monte Carlo PSHA for Southwest Iceland based on a new fault system model

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Throughout history, damaging earthquakes have repeatedly struck in Southwest Iceland, the country&#8217;s most populated and seismically active region. There, the interplate earthquakes do not occur on sinistral strike-slip faults parallel to the plate margin, but instead on a dense array of near-vertical dextral faults striking perpendicular to the plate margin. This &#8220;bookshelf&#8221; faulting has not explicitly been accounted for in probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA). Instead, incomplete earthquake catalogues and simplistic seismic sources have been used in past PSHA that have used conventional methods. Recently however, a new and physics-based 3D fault system model of the Southwest Iceland transform zone has been proposed that effectively explains the observed Icelandic earthquake catalogues. The model moreover allows the systematic spatial variation of fault slip-rates to be modeled by discrete subzonation of the fault system and the equivalent parameters of seismic activity (Mmax, a- and b-values). Through random realizations of fault locations as postulated by the new model, we have simulated multiple finite-fault earthquake catalogues for the entire bookshelf system for earthquakes ranging from magnitude 4 to 7. This in fact allows us to apply conventional PSHA but instead of using e.g. seismic point sources distributed over a designated seismic source areas, the seismic activity of which is predicted by limited historical catalogues, the synthetic finite-fault catalogues are time-independent and embody fully the first two key elements of PSHA, the seismic source locations along with their activity rates. Using multiple empirical hybrid Bayesian ground motion models (GMMs) that recently have been proposed for Southwest Iceland we have predicted the amplitudes (peak ground accelerations and pseudo-acceleration spectral response) from each synthetic finite-fault earthquake on a grid of hypothetical stations. This enables us to carry out a Monte Carlo PSHA that is based on a physical earthquake fault system model. We present the provisional PSHA results for Southwest Iceland and compare them to other relevant efforts, the Icelandic National Annex to Eurocode 8 and the ESHM20, but most importantly to those of a parallel study that carries out a physics-based PSHA based on synthetic ground motion time histories (on the same hypothetical network) from kinematic earthquake rupture modeling (on the same finite-fault earthquake catalogues) implemented in the CyberShake framework adapted to the Southwest Iceland tectonic situation and earthquake source scaling.
Semi-desert Vegetation of Shirvan

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Data about semi-desert vegetation of Shirvan of Azerbaijan have been shown in the paper. Semi-desert territory distributed till 1000 (1100) – 1300 (1600) m above sea level. Species components of Artemisia lerchianoso — Salsola dendroidesosum and Artemisia lerchianoso — Ephemeretosum associations have been established. Quantity of taxon’s in semi-deserts for 2010–2014 years have determined. Semi-desert vegetation of Shirvan formed by 3 class, 3 formation and 9 association have been established.