jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nanotechnology for Environmental Remediation.

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Environmental pollution is the major concern of developing as well as developed countries today. Extensive industrialization, as well as intensive agricultural activities, being carried out globally in both urban and rural areas, is the prime causes for this contamination of the land, water and atmosphere at all levels. Nonchalance for the ecosystem and indifference towards preservation of natural resources may cause long term damage, if not controlled at the right time. Nanotechnology has now emerged to provide a solution to this perennial problem and remediation procedures based on these techniques have been fairly successful to some extent in preventing further damage to the environment. However, more extensive research and development into efficiently utilizing nanotechnology based techniques to further this cause. This review explores the different types of nonmaterial’s,
Association Between Depressive Symptoms, Multiple Dimensions of Depression, and Elder Abuse

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Depression is conceptualized as both a risk factor for and a consequence of elder abuse; however, current research is equivocal. This study examined associations between elder abuse and dimensions of depressive symptoms in older adults. Method: Participants were 10,419 older adults enrolled in theChicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP), a population-based study of older adults. Regression was used to determine the relationships between depressive symptoms, depression dimensions, and abuse variables. Results: Depressive symptoms were consistently associated with elder abuse. Participants in the highest tertile of depressive symptoms were twice as likely to have confirmed abuse with a perpetrator (odds ratio = 2.07, 95% confidence interval = [1.21, 3.52], p = .008). Elder abuse subtypes and depression dimensions were differentially associated. Discussion: These findings highlight the importance of routine depression screening in older adults as a component of abuse prevention and intervention. They also provide profiles of depressive symptoms that may more accurately characterize risk for specific types of abuse.
Poster 249: Distal Femoral Coronal Realignment Osteotomies Alter CT-Measured Tibial Tuberosity to Trochlear Groove (TT-TG) Distance in Addition to Mechanical Axis Deviation – A Cadaveric Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: Patellar tracking has been shown to be affected by limb alignment. Many patients with underlying valgus deformity with patellar instability have elevated tibial tuberosity–trochlear groove (TT-TG) measurements. Correction of limb alignment improves Q-angle, however, its effect on TT-TG as measured by computed tomography (CT) has yet to be demonstrated. We hypothesize that changing the limb alignment as measured by mechanical axis deviation (MAD) through a distal femoral osteotomy (DFO) would also cause a change in TT-TG distance as measured by CT. Methods: Lateral distal femoral osteotomies were performed on 5 cadaveric specimens (10 limbs) and fixed with an external fixator. The native MAD and baseline TT-TG were measured using a CT scanogram. Subsequent scans were then performed altering the MAD using calibrated radiolucent wedges in 5 mm increments (0-25 mm) on a single side, using the contralateral limb as the control. Repeat measurements of MAD and TT-TG were obtained, and once completed, original alignment was restored, and the contralateral limb was taken through the same protocol with the opposite limb serving as the control. Measurements were performed by two independent observers and averages obtained. Linear regression models were created, and statistical analysis of variance was performed. Results: A CT-scanogram that measured TT-TG distances were significantly altered by changes in limb alignment. According to our linear regression model, each 1° of MAD alteration resulted in TT-TG change of approximately 0.4 mm. With every 5° change in limb alignment, the TT-TG changed by approximately 2 mm (Figure 1). Altering MAD from 6° valgus to 7° varus decreased the TT-TG mean from 14.3 mm to 7.7 mm, p < 0.05. Conclusions: Changes in coronal limb alignment through a distal femoral corrective osteotomy produce significant changes in TT-TG in addition to correcting MAD in a cadaveric model. These findings should be considered when determining appropriate corrective procedures for patients with valgus alignment and patellar instability. [Figure: see text]
Research on ontology-based maintenance knowledge expressing of power plants

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As maintenance knowledge management is an important issue of maintenance of power plants, expresses and organizes the maintenance knowledge effectively is the key link in this field. Taking the ontology research results used in knowledge management field for reference, ontology technology is introduced to conception modeling for maintenance of power plants. S-B-F-P maintenance knowledge expressing model based on ontology is proposed and the classification method of maintenance ontology is created. It makes the knowledge reused and shared possible and brings an effective settlement method for increasing the swarm cooperative maintenance decision.
Machine learning logical gates for quantum error correction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Quantum error correcting codes protect quantum computation from errors caused by decoherence and other noise. Here we study the problem of designing logical operations for quantum error correcting codes. We present an automated procedure which generates logical operations given known encoding and correcting procedures. Our technique is to use variational circuits for learning both the logical gates and the physical operations implementing them. This procedure can be implemented on near-term quantum computers via quantum process tomography. It enables automatic discovery of logical gates from analytically designed error correcting codes and can be extended to error correcting codes found by numerical optimizations. We test the procedure by simulation on classical computers on small quantum codes of four qubits to fifteen qubits and show that it finds most logical gates known in the current literature. Additionally, it generates logical gates not found in the current literature for the [[5,1,2]] code, the [[6,3,2]] code, and the [[8,3,2]] code.
Case Series of Rare Primary Intranasal Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma among Filipinos

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) at the present time. However, it rarely presents in the intranasal cavity as the primary site. There is scarcity of local data on this disease, and the outcomes to the standard treatment are still unclear. Objective: In this case series, we presented 2 patients with primary intranasal DLBCL that were treated with chemotherapy ± anti-CD20 antibody and radiotherapy. Results: Both cases were in the early stage of disease. One patient was given systemic chemotherapy (CHOP) plus anti-CD20 antibody (Rituximab), and the other patient was only given chemotherapy (CHOP) due to financial constraints. The systemic treatment was followed by Involved-Field Radiotherapy (IFRT). Both patients demonstrated with an objective radiologic and clinical response to the treatment. The patients had no evidence of disease recurrence at 36 months. Conclusion: The cases presented showed that primary intranasal DLBCL appears to have an objective and durable response to the treatment for DLBCL as prescribed by the guidelines. The findings in this study can be added to the pool of data to expand our comprehension of this disease process.
Perspective: Gestational Tryptophan Fluctuation Altering Neuroembryogenesis and Psychosocial Development

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Tryptophan, as the sole precursor of serotonin, mainly derived from diets, is essential for neurodevelopment and immunomodulation. Gestational tryptophan fluctuation may account for the maternal-fetal transmission in determining neuroembryogenesis with long-lasting effects on psychological development. Personality disorders and social exclusion are related to psychosocial problems, leading to impaired social functioning. However, it is not clear how the fluctuation in mother-child transmission regulates the neuroendocrine development and gut microbiota composition in progeny due to that tryptophan metabolism in pregnant women is affected by multiple factors, such as diets (tryptophan-enriched or -depleted diet), emotional mental states (anxiety, depression), health status (hypertension, diabetes), and social support as well as stresses and management skills. Recently, we have developed a non-mammal model to rationalize those discrepancies without maternal effects. This perspective article outlines the possibility and verified the hypothesis in bully-victim research with this novel model: (1). Summarizes the effects of the maternal tryptophan administration on the neuroendocrine and microbial development in their offspring; (2). Highlights the inconsistency and limitations in studying the relationship between gestational tryptophan exposure and psychosocial development in humans and viviparous animals; and (3). Evidences that embryonic exposure to tryptophan and its metabolite modify bullying interactions in the chicken model. With the current pioneer researches on the biomechanisms underlying the bully-victim interaction, the perspective article provides novel insights for developing appropriate intervention strategies to prevent psychological disorders among individuals, especially those who experienced prenatal stress, by controlling dietary tryptophan and medication therapy during pregnancy.
Assessing culturally different students for AD/HD using behavior rating scales.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Behavior rating scales are commonly used in the assessment of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, there is little information available concerning the extent to which scales are valid with culturally different students. This study explored the use of the ADHD-IV Rating Scale School Version with male Caucasian (CA) and African American (AA) students from ages 5 to 18 years. Teachers rated AA students higher on all symptoms across all age groups. LISREL analysis indicated that scale does not perform identically across groups. This was supported by the results of multidimensional scaling with suggested that there is a different relation between items across groups. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Health and AIDS in 2019 and Beyond

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Editorials provide an opportunity for the authors to get ideas out and things off their chests. Between us we have a sobering 70 years of experience working on health, initially in Southern Africa. We watched with horror as the HIV epidemic progressed inexorably in the 1980s through Zimbabwe (where David was based) to South Africa in the 1990s (where Alan worked at the University of Natal). HIV was a new disease but swept through the region with unbelievable speed and ferocity. A survey in Northern KwaZulu-Natal in 1986/87 found no HIV, by 2018 prevalence among pregnant women was over 50 percent.
Role of left inferior prefrontal cortex in retrieval of semantic knowledge: A reevaluation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A number of neuroimaging findings have been interpreted as evidence that the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) subserves retrieval of semantic knowledge. We provide a fundamentally different interpretation, that it is not retrieval of semantic knowledge per se that is associated with left IFG activity but rather selection of information among competing alternatives from semantic memory. Selection demands were varied across three semantic tasks in a single group of subjects. Functional magnetic resonance imaging signal in overlapping regions of left IFG was dependent on selection demands in all three tasks. In addition, the degree of semantic processing was varied independently of selection demands in one of the tasks. The absence of left IFG activity for this comparison counters the argument that the effects of selection can be attributed solely to variations in degree of semantic retrieval. Our findings suggest that it is selection, not retrieval, of semantic knowledge that drives activity in the left IFG.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN PROJECT BASED LEARNING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF CALON GURU MATEMATIKA DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN BAHAN AJAR MATEMATIKA

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah pengaruh penerapan project based learning terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif calon guru matematika dalam mengembangkan bahan ajar matematika . Desain penelitian ini adalah one-shot case study. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh mahasiswa Jurusan Tadris Matematika IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon pada semester genap tahun akademik 2017/201 8 dengan populasi terjangkau adalah mahasiswa jurusan Tadris Matematika IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon yang mengambil mata kuliah pengembangan bahan ajar matematika pada semester genap tahun akademik 201 7 /201 8 yakni sebanyak empat kelas yang berjumlah 138 orang mahasiswa. Dari populasi terjangkau dipilih satu kelas sampel dengan teknik cluster random s ampling, yaitu mahasiswa kelas C yang mengikuti mata kuliah pengembangan bahan ajar matematika sebanyak 35 mahasiswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes kemampuan berpikir kreatif dan angket respon mahasiswa terhadap penerapan project based learning. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan project based learning berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif guru matematika dalam mengembangkan bahan ajar matematika . Keywords: berpikir kreatif, project based learning, bahan ajar, matematika
[Mechanism of morphine-induced suppression of central nervous system blood flow].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Narcotic agonists such as morphine are well known to decrease cerebral blood flow and metabolism. To investigate a possible mechanism for this action of narcotics, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) were simultaneously measured by the hydrogen clearance technique following intravenous or subarachnoid administration of morphine and subsequent naloxone in lightly anesthetized dogs. The effects of new opiate agonist + antagonists, cyclazocine and buprenorphine, alone or in a combination with naloxone on those CNS blood flow were also investigated. Morphine, 1 mg/kg iv, produced significant decreases in both CBF and SCBF (p less than 0.01), which were reversed by naloxone, 40 micrograms/kg. Naloxone per se did not produce any change in both. Cyclazocine, 50 micrograms/kg iv, also produced significant decreases in both CBF and SCBF (p less than 0.05), but the decreased CBF was not reversed by naloxone. Buprenorphine, 30 micrograms/kg, showed variable changes in both CBF and SCBF, resulted insignificant reduction. However, spinal subarachnoid administration of morphine, 0.2 mg, with which profound analgesia can be obtained in human adults, did not cause any changes in SCBF as well as CBF. These results suggest that narcotic analgesics affect SCBF similar to CBF and morphine decreases CNS blood flow via the activation of supraspinal opiate receptors.
Visioning on the future of the rivers Scheldt and Waal

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

• A participatory problem definition Visioning is dreaming with stakeholders, exploring the future, prepared to think the unthinkable, in a strategic conversation which not only yields a perspective for the future but also helps participants to put themselves in each other’s shoes and to recognise and reconcile conflicting interests. Building a vision challenges participants to be creative in overcoming deadlocks caused by diametrically opposed objectives.
Development of Prediction Method for GPCR-G-protein Coupling Selectivity Using Amino Acid Properties

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We describe a novel method for predicting G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) - G-protein coupling selectivity using amino acid properties of specific residues in GPCR sequences. We have evaluated various amino acid properties obtained with experimental or theoretical studies. The GPCRs having reliable G-protein binding information were collected from Guide to Receptors and Channels (GRAC) and gpDB databases, and these sequences were aligned with the amino acid sequence of bovine rhodopsin, whose structure is known, to identify positions of each amino acid residue and its secondary structure. The collected properties were used as feature values to calculate Fisher's ratio (FR) for each residue in GPCRs related with rhodopsin residue numbers. Some amino acid properties with high FR value were picked up as the effective characteristics for selecting G-protein type, and they were used as feature vectors in support vector machine (SVM) to predict GPCR - G-protein coupling selectivity. Applying this method to known GPCR sequences, each binding G-protein is predicted with high sensitivity and specificity of more than 96%. This result strongly suggests that the amino acid properties of specific residues are appreciably important for GPCR - G-protein coupling to determine G- protein binding selectivity and our method could be an effective tool to investigate the mechanism of GPCR - G-protein coupling through site directed mutagenesis experiments.
Cerebrovascular adaptations to chronic hypoxia in the growth restricted lamb

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Chronic moderate hypoxia induces angiogenic adaptation in the brain, reflecting a modulatory role for oxygen in determining cerebrovascular development. Chronic intrauterine fetal hypoxia, such as occurs in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is likely to lead to a reduction in oxygen delivery to the brain and long‐term neurological abnormalities. Thus we investigated whether vascular remodeling and vascular abnormalities were evident in the brain of IUGR newborn lambs that were chronically hypoxic in utero. Single uterine artery ligation (SUAL) surgery was performed in fetuses at ∼105 days gestation (term ∼145 days) to induce placental insufficiency and IUGR. Ewes delivered naturally at term and lambs were euthanased 24 h later. IUGR brains ( n = 9) demonstrated a significant reduction in positive staining for the number of blood vessels (laminin immunohistochemistry) compared with control ( n = 8): from 1650 ± 284 to 416 ± 47 cells/mm 2 in subcortical white matter (SCWM) 1793 ± 298 to 385 ± 20 cells/mm 2 in periventricular white matter (PVWM), and 1717 ± 161 to 405 ± 84 cells/mm 2 in the subventricular zone (SVZ). The decrease in vascular density was associated with a significant decrease in VEGF immunoreactivity. The percentage of blood vessels exhibiting endothelial cell proliferation (Ki67 positive) varied regionally between 14 to 22% in white matter of control lambs, while only 1–3% of blood vessels in IUGR brains showed proliferation. A 66% reduction in pericyte coverage (α‐SMA and desmin) of blood vessels was observed in SCWM, 71% in PVWM, and 73% in SVZ of IUGR lambs, compared to controls. A reduction in peri‐vascular astrocytes (GFAP and laminin) was also observed throughout the white matter of IUGR lambs, and extravasation of albumin into the brain parenchyma was present, indicative of increased permeability of the blood brain barrier. Chronic hypoxia associated with IUGR results in a reduction in vascular density in the white matter of IUGR newborn brains. Vascular pericyte coverage and peri‐vascular astrocytes, both of which are essential for stabilisation of blood vessels and the maintenance of vascular permeability, were also decreased in the white matter of IUGR lambs. In turn, these vascular changes could lead to inadequate oxygen supply and contribute to under‐perfusion and increased vulnerability of white matter in IUGR infants.
Influence of species and hybrid status on induction of somatic embryogenesis in Castanea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The American chestnut (AC; Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.) once dominated the forests of eastern North America prior to the introduction of chestnut blight in the late 19th century. A somatic embryogenesis (SE) system developed for American chestnut is potentially applicable for clonally propagating blight-resistant trees produced by The American Chestnut Foundation’s hybrid backcross breeding program. In this program, AC trees are hybridized with blight-resistant Chinese chestnut (CC; Castanea mollissima Blume) trees, followed by multiple generations of backcrossing to AC trees. It is possible, however, that the proportion of CC parental contribution in the hybrid backcross material could affect the success of SE using the AC protocol. Over three years of culture initiations, we tested the effects of the relative parental contributions of AC and CC on the success of SE induction using our standard AC culture initiation protocol and, subsequently, a published protocol for SE in European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.). With our standard AC protocol, open-pollinated AC and open- and control-pollinated hybrid backcross BC3F3 seed explants, as well as open-pollinated BC2 seed explants, successfully produced embryogenic tissue, while CC, F1, and BC1 explants did not. The European chestnut protocol produced Chinese chestnut embryogenic tissue and, subsequently, somatic embryos. The first BC3F3 somatic seedlings are currently growing in field tests.
A Case of One Professor's Teaching and Use of Nature of Science in an Introductory Chemistry Course

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this article I provide a qualitative analysis of one faculty's teaching and answer the following research question: How does one chemistry professor who teaches introductory science incorporate aspects of the nature of science (NOS) into his course? This study concentrates on a single case in one private higher institution in the Northeastern United States. The participant's teaching style is presented through a combined presentation of interviews, classroom observations, and classroom activities. Six main themes emerged from the field notes in the areas of teacher actions, student teacher interactions, start of the lecture, incorporating NOS language in instruction, class size, and student actions These findings revealed that the participant preferred to use traditional teacher-centered lecturing as his teaching style; his main concerns were to cover more content, develop problem-solving skills of his students, and teach fundamental principles of chemistry without paying special importance to the aspects of NOS.
The in-vitro activity of a novel penem FCE 22101 compared to other β-lactam antibiotics

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

FCE 22101 is a penem antibiotic which inhibits the majority of Enterobacteriaceae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae at concentrations of 0.5-4 mg/l. It inhibits staphylococci, haemolytic streptococci and Streptococcus pneumoniae at less than or equal to 0.25 mg/l. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Pseudomonas species are resistant. Bacteroides fragilis and Clostridium species are inhibited by less than or equal to 1 mg/l. FCE 22101 is not hydrolyzed by the common plasmid and chrosmosomal beta-lactamases. It shows minimal discrepancy between MIC and MBC values and there is minimal effect of inoculum size. Although FCE 22101 is generally less active against Enterobacteriaceae than are cefotaxime and ceftazidime, it does inhibit some Enterobacter spp. resistant to these agents. FCE 22101 and imipenem are similar in activity against Gram-positive and anaerobic species.