jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An Experiment in Conservative Modernity: Interwar Conservatism and Henry Ford's English Farms

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Between 1931 and 1947, the American industrialist Henry Ford financed a British agricultural experiment at the Fordson Estate in the Essex countryside. This article analyses the Fordson experiment as it developed from a limited attempt to test the merits of American farming methods into a wider model for remaking British industry and society. Focusing closely on Sir Percival Perry, a Conservative Party activist and Ford's partner in the venture, it explores the extent to which the experiment sought to harmonize modern technology with traditional patterns of life. In doing so, the article places the history of the Fordson Estate within the paradigm of interwar conservative modernity. By tracing Perry's participation within a network of industrial paternalist organizations and delineating his connection to the interwar conservative movement, the article demonstrates that conservative modernity stood largely outside formal party politics but was central to the praxis of interwar conservatism. It highlights an experimental, radical, and utopian form of conservative politics that aimed to foster conservative rural citizens.
OSI-SAF operational NPP/VIIRS sea surface temperature chain

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Data of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) have been acquired at Centre de Météorologie Spatiale (CMS) in Lannion (Brittany) in direct readout mode since April 2012. CMS is committed to produce sea surface temperature (SST) products from VIIRS data twice a day over an area covering North-East Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea in the framework of the EUMETSAT Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI-SAF). A cloud mask has been developed and cloud mask control techniques have been implemented. SST algorithms have been defined, as well as quality level attribution rules. Since mid October 2012 a VIIRS SST chain, similar to that used for processing METOP AVHRR has been run in a preoperational mode. The corresponding bias and standard deviation against drifting buoy measurements (mid October 2012 to mid March 2013) are -0.05 and 0.37 K for nighttime and -0.13 and 0.46 K for daytime, respectively. VIIRS derived SST production is expected operational by mid 2013. The OSI-SAF VIIRS derived SST products are compliant with the Group for High Resolution SST (GHRSST) GDS V2.0 format.
The probiotic strain Bacillus subtilis CU1 primes antimicrobial innate immune response and reduces low-grade inflammation: a clinical study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract LifeinU™ Bacillus subtilis CU1 (BSCU1) has been previously shown to be effective in stimulating mucosal immune responses and supporting resistance to common infectious disease episodes in the elderly. The current clinical study aimed at exploring potential pathways by which BSCU1 could beneficially modulate the immune system and contribute to protection against infection in the general population. A total of 88 participants from three different age groups were supplemented with BSCU1 (2 × 10 9 cfu/day) for 4 weeks. The effect of the intervention on mucosal immunity was assessed by faecal sIgA levels. In addition, a series of complementary immunoassays were selected, including immune phenotyping, gene expression, basal cytokine levels, cytokine levels in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated whole blood and phagocytosis assay. Although no significant effect was observed on faecal sIgA levels after intervention, BSCU1 showed a positive effect on a consistent set of markers of the peripheral innate immune system in adults and the elderly. Percentages of peripheral blood myeloid cells as well as the expression of the activation marker CD69 on monocytes were significantly increased after probiotic intervention. BSCU1 supplementation resulted in significant enrichment of clusters of genes involved in response to type I interferon and phagocytosis pathway. Consistently, ex vivo stimulation of whole blood with LPS resulted in a statistically significant increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, interferon-gamma, IL-12, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, IL-8) and phagocytosis assays showed increased capacity of monocytes to engulf bacteria as well as higher phagosome maturation. BSCU1 supplementation also had a positive effect on low-grade inflammation as significant reduction in basal levels of several serum cytokines (IL-10, TNF-alpha, MIP-1alpha, IL-8) were observed in the elderly subgroup. Overall, BSCU1 primed immune cells for a better response to microbial challenges and reduced low-grade inflammation associated with aging. Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with the identifier NCT05403398
Wrongful Discharge Laws and Asymmetric Cost Behavior

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Exploiting the natural experiment created by the adoption of wrongful discharge laws (WDLs) across U.S. states, we examine the effect of legal protection against unjust employment termination on firm-level cost behavior. We find that the adoption of WDLs increases the asymmetric sensitivity of costs to activity (i.e., cost stickiness). The effect of WDLs on cost stickiness varies across firms and industries, as well as by adoption timing and multiplicity. Our evidence suggests that changes in the state-level legal environment have a significant effect on firm-level resource adjustment decisions and asymmetric cost behavior.
An inclusion in one of two joined isotropic elastic half-spaces

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Two dissimilar, homogeneous and istropic, elastic half-spaces are bonded together over thier infinite plane of contract. An arbitrarily shaped finite part of one of them (an inclusion) tends spontaneously to undergo a unifrom infinitesimal strain, but, as it remains attached to and restrained by the surrounding material, an equilibrated state of stress and strain is established everywhere instead. By adopting a convenient expression for the fundamental field of a point force, we transformed inclusion. For a general shape of the inclussion and for particular spherical and finite cylindrical shapes in detail, we consider the evaluation of the elastic strain energy, especially of the interaction term which depends on the location of the inclusion and both pairs of elastic moduli, and which is of great significance in physical applications.
Long‐term dynamics of a freshwater sponge population

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY 1. Quantitative field data were collected from a Sardinian population of the sponge Ephydutia fluvtatilis from 1987 to 1993 in order to study its life style. 2. Growth of sponges was high during the annual cycle, and showed few changes in 6 years. Gemmulation was very rapid and highly efficient. Life spans of many specimens extended up to 5 years. 3. The population was destroyed by one flood during our study period. The persistence of gemmules on substrata suggested that dispersal was low in our study population. Recolonization started 7 months after the flood and re‐established a new population, different from the previous one in terms of spatial structure and specimen size.
Ellipsoidal lists and maximum-likelihood decoding

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We study an interrelation between the coverings generated by linear (n,k)-codes and complexity of their maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding. First , discrete ellipsoids in the Hamming spaces E/sub 1//sup n/ are introduced. These ellipsoids represent the sets of most probable error patterns that need to be tested in soft-decision ML decoding. We show that long linear (n,k)-codes surrounded by ellipsoids of exponential size 2/sup n-k/ can cover the whole space E/sub 2//sup n/. Then it is proven that ML decoding of most long (n,k)-codes needs only about 2/sup n-k/ most probable error patterns to be tested on any quantized memoryless channel. Finally, ML decoding complexity is bounded from above by 2/sup k(n-k)/n/. This substantially reduces the general trellis complexity 2/sup min{n-k,k}/.
The Impact of Gender and Organizational Status on Workplace Anger Expression

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The social rules for communicating anger in the workplace are multifaceted, and standards vary for different groups. Previous research addresses either gender differences in anger expression or organizational status differences, but not the combined impact of gender and status. The authors close this gap by investigating both the independent and joint influence of gender and relative organizational status on workplace anger expression. Their findings show that emotional restraint is the most frequent method of handling anger across all groups. Lower status males, however, directly express their anger around higher status members significantly more frequently than do lower status females. The authors conclude with observations regarding the relative strength of organizational norms as compared to gender-based norms.
Ameliorative effect of vitamin C on nicotine-induced histological and ultrastructural changes in zona fasciculata in albino rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

\n\tNicotine is the main toxic constituent in cigarettes and vitamin C is an important antioxidant agent. This study investigated the possible ameliorative effect of vitamin C on nicotine-induced histological and ultrastructure changes in zona fasciculata in rats. Sixty adult male albino rats were distributed into 3 groups (20 rats each): Group I, control group received subcutaneous injection of saline daily for 8 weeks. Group II nicotine-treated group, rats received subcutaneous injection of nicotine (0.7 mg/kg body weight) daily for 8 weeks. Group III (nicotine+vitamin C group), rats received vitamin C (100 mg/kg body weight daily) through intragastric tube. Samples from adrenal cortex were prepared for light (hematoxylin &amp; eosin and toluidine blue staining) and electron microscopic examination. Nicotine resulted in histopathological changes in zona fasciculata as cells had cytoplasmic degeneration with increased lipid contents, significant increase in total adrenal cortical thickness and zona fasciculate thickness. Nicotine induced ultrastructure changes in zona fasciculata cells and a significant increase in number and volume of lipid droplets, degenerated mitochondria, decreased the surface area of mitochondrial cristae, the volume of mitochondrial compartment and increased significantly the volume of lipid droplet compartment. These histopathological and ultrastructure changes in zona fasciculata cells due to nicotine exposure, were reduced by vitamin C supplementation. In conclusion, this study provided evidence that the harmful histological and ultrastructure changes of nicotine on zona fasciculata in rats were ameliorated by vitamin C intake.
Electrocardiogram Sine Wave in Hyperkalemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

I mages I n E mergency M edicine Electrocardiogram Sine Wave in Hyperkalemia Brian G. Cornelius* Angela Cornelius MD † Bobby Desai MD † * Christus Spohn Hospital Corpus Christi-Memorial, Corpus Christi, TX Corpus Christi Emergency Medicine Residency Program, Corpus Christi, TX Supervising Section Editor: Sean Henderson, MD Submission history: Submitted April 11, 2009; Revision Received July 15, 2009; Accepted July 29, 2009 Reprints available through open access at http://escholarship.org/uc/uciem_westjem [West J Emerg Med. 2010; 11(1):94.] Figure. A 12-lead electrocardiogram showing a wide complex idioventricular rhythm Emergency medical personnel were summoned to the home of a 47-year-old male with altered mental status. Upon arrival in the emergency department he was increasingly agitated and unable to provide a medical history. Because a dialysis fistula was found on his left forearm, a history of end stage renal disease (ESRD) was presumed. A home health worker arrived and confirmed he had missed his last three dialysis sessions. Physical exam revealed an agitated male with blood pressure 116/49 mm Hg, pulse 54 bpm and respirations 24 bpm. Cardiac monitor showed a wide complex rhythm as the patient developed hypotension, non-invasive blood pressure 60/40 mm Hg. After fluid boluses the patient’s blood pressure improved and the lung sounds remained clear. Neurologically he remained awake but disoriented and would not cooperate with a neurologic exam. A 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) showed a wide complex idioventricular rhythm (Figure 1). He was then presumptively treated for hyperkalemia with calcium gluconate, insulin-dextrose infusion, bicarbonate, and albuterol nebulizations. We obtained serial ECGs, on which the QRS was noted to progressively narrow. The patient’s potassium returned at 9.3 mmol/L. He was then given sodium polystyrene and admitted to the intensive care unit with nephrology consult for emergent hemodialysis. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine As this presentation demonstrates, early recognition of hyperkalemia is essential to successful treatment. However, patients with severe hyperkalemia commonly have electrolyte- induced arrhythmias that may rapidly become fatal if unrecognized. Any patient with an unconventional presentation and predisposing risk factors must be evaluated for electrolyte imbalance. The most common predisposing factor continues to be renal dysfunction. Effective emergency treatment consists of calcium, 1 insulin-glucose, bicarbonate and albuterol nebulizations. 2 To prevent rapid recurrence during hospital course or after discharge the causative condition must be identified. Address for Correspondence: Brian G. Cornelius CHRISTUS Spohn Hospital Corpus Christi-Memorial 2606 Hospital Blvd. Corpus Christi, TX 78405 REFERENCES Greenberg A. Hyperkalemia: Treatment Options. Semin Nephrol. Jay H. Stein. Acute Renal Failure: Lessons From Pathophysiology West J Med. 1992; 156(2):176–82. Volume XI, no . 1 : February 2010
EP525 - A Survey of Medical Students’ Attitudes Towards Sustainable Healthcare

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aims As the climate crisis becomes increasingly prevalent, so does emphasis on environmental sustainability. The healthcare sector (a significant contributor to environmental impact) is particularly of interest: sustainable healthcare and awareness within the NHS is crucial. However, few medical schools include environmental teaching in their curricula. We undertook this survey to assess environmental awareness and perspectives amongst medical students. Methods An online questionnaire was distributed to London medical students. Participants were asked demographic data, questions concerning the environmental impact of products and practices in the NHS, and methods to reduce healthcare’s environmental impact. Results 87% of students stated that healthcare’s environmental impact is of concern to them, 97% agreed that the environmental impact of products should be considered during development. 65% agreed that the environmental impact of a product should influence its use, but 95% agreed that a device being recyclable/reusable would influence their practice. Students felt the factor most negatively impacting the environmental burden of healthcare was ‘disposable plastic items’, in 57% of responses, and ‘general waste’ in 44%. Conclusions Most medical students found healthcare's environmental impact concerning, expressing a desire to choose the most sustainable options. Whilst the distribution of academic year and the London demographic limited this study, we believe it is the first of its kind assessing medical student's attitudes towards the environmental impact of healthcare. With this initial benchmark, we hope future surveys will assess and improve the environmental awareness of doctors in training, as well as the inclusion of environmental teaching in medical school.
The Palaeoproterozoic Komatiite-Picrite Association of Finnish Lapland

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The large range of chemical variation within intimately associated highly magnesian volcanic rocks in the Palaeoprolerozoic Central Lapland Greenstone Belt prompted the construction of a new classification scheme for MgO-rich volcanic rocks, based on an [Al2O3] vs [TiO2] diagram where the axes are the Al2O3 and TiO2 contents (in mole proportions) of the rocks projected from the olivine composition. This diagram places the Lapland rocks in the fields of Ti-enriched komatiites and picrites. Komatiitic rocks are depleted in both light and heavy rare earth elements (LREE and HREE) relative to middle REE (MREE) and possess relatively high TiO2 even in the most LREE-depleted varieties, whereas picritic rocks approach geochemically Hawaiian picrites. Seven clinopyroxene and whole-rock pairs analysed for Sm-Nd isotopes yield an average age of 2056 25 Ma for the komatiites. Uncontaminated komatiites and picrites have similar positive Nd values (+ 4) indicating generation from a mantle source with a long-term depletion in LREE relative to MREE. Geochemical characteristics of the komatiite-picrite association, including REE and Nb/Y-Zr/Y systematics, indicate chemical heterogeneities in the source region, which seem to have been created by complex depletion and enrichment processes shortly before or related to a dynamic melting process. The high MgO contents of the rocks coupled with chemical similarity between the Lapland and Hawaiian picrites supports a mantle plume model for their genesis. Nevertheless, the geotectonic evolution appears to have proceeded without significant regional uplift shortly before volcanism.
Fighting vehicles in Polish military contingents in Syria and Former Yugoslavia in the years 1992-2016

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article presents the analysis of the use of military vehicles in Polish military contingents fulfilling their mandated tasks in the Middle East and Former Yugoslavia. It encompasses the nature of operations con-ducted in these places and the resulting role of the vehicles used there. It also describes the history of their making and development, basic technical data and opinions about their use during the said tasks. The analysis comprised the following vehicles: Finnish Sisu XA-180, which is the prototype of KTO Rosomak and RG-31 Nyala vehicles originating from the Republic of South Africa and used by Polish military forces in the UNDOF mission. The group of machines which were part of the equipment used by contingents in missions in Former Yugoslavia is rep-resented by: Honker Tarpan off-road vehicle, AMZ Dzik 2 armoured vehicle, BRDM-2 reconnaissance patrol vehicle and BWP-1 infantry fighting vehicle.
Biphenotypic leukaemia: a case of mixed T lymphoblastic and myeloblastic leukaemia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A case of mixed acute leukaemia with T lymphoblastic, myeloblastic, and monocytic components is described. The use of immunological markers, ultrastructural morphology, cytochemistry, immunochemistry, and combined techniques, simultaneously detecting two markers in individual cells, made it possible to define the different blast cell populations.
Pengukuran Kinerja Customer Relationship Management (CRM) CDMA Esia Menggunakan CRM Scorecard Pada PT Bakrie Telecom Tbk

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Bakrie Telecom realizes it is importance to know the customer needs that have not been fulfilled and the effectiveness of its CRM (Solusi Esia). The purpose of this study is to analyze the Importance-Performance Matrix and designing performance measurement systems and measure of Solusi Esia performance, then propose development program of Solusi Esia for the next year. Designing a CRM Scorecard start from cascading the vision, mission and strategy of the company to the vision, mission and strategy of Solusi Esia, then translate into fours CRM Scorecard perspective, setting strategic objectives, building a strategy map, set targets, and strategic initiatives and weighing of each strategic objective as lag indicators relative to a leading indicator in each perspective using pair wise comparisons. The score of Solusi Esia Performance is 3.46 considered good. Some development programs are call center phone charge change to be free of charge, establish training centers, network operations, voice recording the conversation between costumer and costumer service and periodically doing a market survey.
Numerical simulation of heat transfer between low pressure pipeline of pre-mixed abrasive water jet system and low temperature environment

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The physical model of low pressure pipeline of pre-mixed abrasive water jet system is established.Based on the software of FLUENT, the numerical simulation of heat transfer between low pressure pipeline of pre-mixed abrasive water jet system and low temperature environment was carried out through solving the continuity equation, momentum equation and energy equation.And the method of determining the maximum length of low pressure pipeline of pre-mixed abrasive water jet system suitable for low temperature environment was confirmed.The simulation results show that:(1) the water temperature decreases along the axial direction with the increase of axial distance at different radial distances, and their descent rates are identical; (2) At different axial distances, the temperature of the material, namely water or pipeline changes along the radial direction the same; for an axial distance, when the radial distance is less than 8mm, the water temperature decreases extremely slow or remains unchanged along the radial direction on the major front of this section; and it decreases by small degrees when the radial distance is close to the wall; and the temperature of pipeline decreases rapidly along the radial direction; (3) The axial temperature drop velocity of water flow in low pressure pipeline are the same at different lengths of low pressure pipeline.It decreases with the increase of ambient temperature and the flux of water flow in low pressure pipeline; and it is almost identical when the entrance temperatures of water flow change little.(4) when the flux of water flow is 12L/min, the entrance temperature is 278.15K, the ambient temperature is 263.15K,253.15K, 243.15K, 232.15K respectively, the maximum length of low pressure pipeline of pre-mixed abrasive water jet system suitable for low temperature environment is more than 500m, 368.5m, 252m, 187m respectively.This can provide a reference for engineering design of pre-mixed abrasive water jet system suitable for low temperature environment.
Infective complications of choledochotomy with T-tube drainage

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract A high incidence of infective complications followed choledochotomy and T-tube drainage when compared with closed biliary-tract procedures. Organisms cultured from infective sites were identical to those isolated from the T-tube in the postoperative period. Postoperative infection was associated with an increased morbidity in terms of length of hospital stay. As infection in these sites was independent of the presence of stones in the common bile-duct, complications would have been reduced if unnecessary exploration had been avoided. The routine use of operative cholangiography in the avoidance of these complications is discussed.