jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Museum of Comparative Zoology Library- The Agassiz Library:

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The MCZ Library reflects the union between the incomparable nineteenth century natural history values of Louis Agassiz and twentieth century Library and Information Science methodology. Besides maintaining its tradition, which it shares with the Library of the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, of being foremost in the field of older historical zoological collections, the MCZ Library has become a respected resource and research center for learning in Zoological and related disciplines world-wide. As part of the Harvard University Library System it supports several teaching and research programs in Biological Sciences offered by the Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
P114 Medication adherence to b/tsDMARDS remains sub-optimal in refractory rheumatoid arthritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background/Aims Difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis (D2T-RA) is defined by poor treatment responses to multiple biological or targeted synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs). The factors underlying treatment failure in patients with D2T-RA are poorly understood and likely multi-factorial. It is well established that poor medication adherence, defined as the extent to which a patient takes medication as prescribed by their healthcare professional, can diminish the therapeutic response. This can result in unremitting disease activity leading to recurrent cycling of b/tsDMARDs. Herein, we performed a systematic literature review to examine the proportion of b/tsDMARD adherence, by measures of drug implementation, within a refractory RA population. Methods Six databases (Medline, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library databases) spanning from 1990 to October 2023 were searched for RA studies in relation to adherence to b/tsDMARDs. Studies were required to be observational and consist exclusively of refractory RA patients, defined as those with ≥1 previous b/tsDMARD and meeting the 1987 ACR and/or 2010 ACR/EULAR and/or the International Classification of Diseases classification for RA. Subsequent study selection and extraction were performed independently by two investigators according to strict criteria. Adherence outcomes were respective of drug implementation calculated using medication possession ratio and/or proportion of days covered. Results were extracted to show the percentage of patients deemed adherent according to the individual study criteria. Results A total of 2091 records were identified from the systematic search, of which six studies were eligible and available for extraction. Study cohorts included data from a total of 22,363 exclusively biologic-experienced RA patients, originating from the USA in five studies, and from Spain in the remaining study. Five studies examined adherence to a combination of anti-TNFα and non-TNFα inhibiting agents, with the remaining study examining anti-TNFα drugs only. Three studies reported the proportion of adherent patients to all b/tsDMARDs as ranging between 38.3% to 89.2%. The proportion of adherent patients to various individual anti-TNFα agents ranged between 19% to 55.3% amongst five studies, and between 29.5% to 54.3% for non-TNFα inhibitors in four studies. Conclusion This systematic review suggests that in refractory patients, b/tsDMARDs adherence remains sub-optimal following drug switching and this remains true for both anti-TNFα and non-TNFα inhibiting agents. This could contribute to poor treatment outcomes and unwarranted drug cycling. Further surveillance of the factors leading to, and characteristics associated with poor treatment adherence will be important in deciding future interventions to improve medication adherence and subsequent treatment outcomes in this population. Disclosure R. Singh: None. R. Choudhury: None. E. Butt: None. A.P. Croft: None.
Menciptakan Solusi Inovatif untuk Mengatasi Tantangan dalam Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh: Studi Kasus Keterlibatan Siswa dan Aksesibilitas

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Distance learning (DLE) has become an integral part of the global education system, especially with the advancement of technology and challenges such as the pandemic. However, DLE also faces several challenges, including low student engagement and accessibility issues. This paper aims to identify and analyze innovative solutions that can address these challenges. Through case studies and literature review, we explore strategies such as personalization of learning, use of interactive technologies, and inclusive approaches to increase student engagement and ensure equitable accessibility. The results show that a combination of these strategies can significantly improve the effectiveness of DLE.
Spectra of X-ray bursts at near-Eddington luminosities

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We have developed numerical and analytical models of photospheres of X-ray bursters for the case when the burster luminosity is very close to the Eddington limit, l= L/LEd = 0.9–0.999. It is shown that the burst spectrum at observable energies can be described by a diluted Wien spectrum with the spectral temperature T coinciding with the electron temperature in an isothermal outer layer formed by Compton heating in the neutron star photosphere. The dilution factor is proportional to ( Teff/ T )4, where Teff is the effective temperature. We obtained simple expressions for T/Teff, and for the dilution factor, which are determined by the parameter (1- l)/ (3 + 5X), where X is the hydrogen abundance. Fitting spectra observed around peaks of strong bursts may put additional constraints on masses and radii of neutron stars, and give new information on chemical composition of their photospheres and on distances to the bursters.
Fasting girls and our attitudes to them.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and this risk is increased in patients with SLE who may not conform to traditional cardiovascular risk profiles.

Aims

To determine the prevalence of high CVD risk among patients with SLE calculated using different risk calculators, and to characterise those identified as high risk.

Methods

A cross-sectional analysis to estimate CVD risk using the Framingham Risk Equation (Framingham score) and an SLE-specific CVD risk equation (SLE score) was undertaken using data from a single centre cohort. The characteristics of patients identified as ‘high risk’ by the SLE score only (the ‘missed group’) were compared with those identified by the Framingham score (the ‘conventional group’).

Results

146 patients were included; 22 (15%) and 44 (30%) were determined to be at ‘high risk’ based on the Framingham and SLE scores, respectively. Patients in the ‘missed group’ were less likely to have traditional risk factors and were more likely to be female (81% vs 50%; p=0.03), younger (mean age 54 vs 69 years p<0.01) and have lower systolic blood pressure (132 vs 143 mm Hg; p=0.05). Of those deemed high risk, only a minority were treated to target blood pressure and lipid levels.

Conclusions

A large proportion of patients with SLE could be re-classified as high risk using a formula that incorporates SLE disease-related parameters. These patients have different profiles to those identified using a conventional risk model. Optimal CVD risk assessment and management warrants further attention in SLE.
Economic minerals of Scotland : bedrock of Scotland's economic development

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The work is the result of a digitisation project funded by the New Opportunities Fund RLS \n(Resources for Learning in Scotland). This report contains 600 images and text descriptions on \nthe economic minerals of Scotland. Most of the specimens have been sourced from the BGS \ncollections. The digitisation project took place between December 2002 and March 2003 and the \nimages and descriptions will be made available on the RLS website and the BGS National \nArchive of Geological Photographs.
Some Effects Of Lactobacillus Cultures On Egg Production

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Previous studies at this station on the addition of probiotics to turkey and broiler feeds have shown some favorable results; but, for the most part, there has been no response as has been the case for laying hens (see A.S. Series 76-10, 77-20 and 78-7). Probiotics usually contain, among other things, Lactobacillus types of cultures and are defined as being products which favor the establishment of life.
Values in resesrch: picking research priorities ethically 1

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract The choice of topics for study, the specification of research questions, and the design of a health services research project all involve a series of value choices. At each decision point the investigator’s choices have important implications. Many factors influence the design of a research project, including such external considerations as information available in databases, access to databases, and funding priorities. However, the justification for a research project should never be merely that the data and funding are available to carry out the work. The personal interests of the researcher in a topic or methodology have an important influence in shaping research projects. Indeed, because difficulties and complications always occur in projects, it is easier to sustain a project in which the investigator has a heartfelt personal interest. However, the personal interests of the investigator are also not sufficient justification for a research project. Ultimately, health services research should benefit the public. Arcane “pure” research may eventually have important real-world implications, but a researcher developing a research agenda or protocol should articulate how it will affect clinical care, decisions by health care organizations, or public policies. If the researcher cannot give a plausible account of how the research might have such an impact, the investigator should consider whether different studies should have higher priority.
Wiener Index, Hyper-wiener Index, Harary Index and Hamiltonicity of graphs

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we discuss the Hamiltonicity of graphs in terms of Wiener index, hyper-Wiener index and Harary index of their quasi-complement or complement. Firstly, we give some sufficient conditions for an balanced bipartite graph with given the minimum degree to be traceable and Hamiltonian, respectively. Secondly, we present some sufficient conditions for a nearly balanced bipartite graph with given the minimum degree to be traceable. Thirdly, we establish some conditions for a graph with given the minimum degree to be traceable and Hamiltonian, respectively. Finally, we provide some conditions for a $k$-connected graph to be Hamilton-connected and traceable for every vertex, respectively.
[Co-Culturing of Osteoblasts and Chondrocytes Upregulates HIF-1 Pathway of Chondrocytes via MAPK Signaling].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Co-culturing with osteoblasts enhanced the ERK1/2 and p38 signaling of chondrocytes and upregulated the HIF-1 pathway of chondrocytes.
Molecular characterization of soybean (glycine max) accessions from the international collection of the plant gene resources of Canada: germplasm identification

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Soybean (Glycine max) is one of the most important crops in the world in terms of total production and usage. Evaluation of gene bank accessions such as the international collections of soybean (Glycine max) of the Plant Gene Resources of Canada has not been undertaken at the molecular level. The main objectives of the present study were to 1) determine the level of genetic variation and distance among G. max accessions from the international collections of the Plant Gene Resources of Canada and 2) develop and characterize accession-diagnostic inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers that can be used in soybean molecular breeding programs. Genomic DNAs from 108 soybeans (G. max) accessions from 11 different countries were analyzed using ISSR primers. The levels of polymorphic loci detected were in general moderate varying from 29% to 52%. Overall, 82% of genetic distance values among accessions were above 0.40 based on ISSR analysis. This suggests that the genetic diversity among and within soybean accessions might not be as low as other studies have demonstrated. The soybean accessions from the Netherlands, China, France, and Sweden were the least genetically variable. The dendrograms constructed with ISSR data revealed that the South Korean accessions formed an out-group. The ISSR markers successfully distinguished soybean accessions within each group (country). In fact, several accession-diagnostic markers were identified in each of the 11 groups. They represent useful tools in soybean molecular breeding programs. One accession-diagnostic marker was cloned, sequenced, and converted to a SCAR marker.
Studies on Unutilized Resources. II. : A New Flavonoid-Glycoside in the Leaves of Sorbaria stellipila SCHNEID (Rosaceae)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The fresh lieves of Sorbaria stellipila SCHNEID. (=Sorbaria sorbifolia A.Br.var.stelipila MAXIM.) was extracted with methanol and the methonolic extract was extracted with ether. The insoluble part was further extracted with ethyl acetate and the latter extract afforded a new flavonoid glycoside as pale yellow needles, mp 256-257°, in 0.3% yield. This glycoside corresponded to the molecular formula of C21H20O10·H2O. Its hydrolysis with conc.hydrochloric acid afforded one mole each of scutellarein (5, 6, 7, 4'-tetrahydroxyflavone) and rhamnose. This is a new glycoside and was named sorbarin. Hydrolysis of the thoroughly methylated compound of sorbarin gave an aglycone of mp 197°, which was identified with scutellarein 5, 6, 4'-trimethyl ether, mp 198°, obtained by hydrolysis of the thoroughly methylated compound of pectolinarin. Consequently, sorbarin was determined as scutellarein 7-momorhamnoside.
Evaluation of the main atomic number, absorption and fluorescence correction models in quantitative microanalysis

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The principal LAF correction models have been tested for a set of 471 experimental values from heavy element binary specimens ( Z > 12) and another set of 116 determinations for oxides, both compiled by Love et al . New fluorescence correction models have been developed, based on a Gaussian distribution of ionizations. The atomic number, absorption and fluorescence correction models corresponding to this distribution are the best fitting ones.
Edge‐mediated effects on stand dynamic processes in forest interiors: a coupled field and simulation approach

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Researchers studying forest edge effects in fragmented landscapes have begun to move beyond merely documenting changes along the edge itself to examining the dynamic influences that edges may have on processes in adjacent areas. One such “edge‐mediated effect” is the influence that edges may have on canopy gap replacement processes within the forest interior by acting as seed sources for shade‐intolerant plant species. In this paper, we coupled analyses of woody species composition in gap and non‐gap areas within the interior of an Ohio hardwood forest with a simple cellular automata model of forest dynamics. Non‐gap composition was primarily correlated with disturbance history and site conditions (topographic position and slope) while a comparable analysis using a 24‐year time series of composition in gaps showed that gap composition was related most strongly to the proximity of edge communities for the first 10–15 years. However, after 15–20 years of gap succession, composition was correlated with essentially the same variables and to the same degree as non‐gap vegetation, suggesting that the influence of edge proximity on interior stand dynamic processes was transient. These results were used to develop a simple mathematical model of stand dynamics that showed that losses of interior forest area may be much greater than typically predicted by core‐area models, which do not consider dynamic, edge‐mediated effects. Further, our findings suggest the importance of considering disturbance interval in mediating edge‐interior relationships, particularly as it may interact with forest size and shape.
Research Article Maternal Glucose during Pregnancy and after Delivery in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Overweight

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Objective. To examine the association ofmaternal glycemia during pregnancy and after deliverywith anthropometry in the offspring of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods. A total of 1,263 GDM mothers and their children finished the health survey at 1–5 years after delivery. Results. Offspring of GDM mothers who were diagnosed with diabetes during pregnancy had higher prevalence of overweight, higher mean weight for height
[Retrospectively analysis of the difference of bleeding frequency and hemophilic arthropathy between hemophilia A and hemophilia B patients].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To analyze the difference of bleeding frequency, plain radiographic (X-ray) , risk factors in hemophilic arthropathy progression and the Arnold-Hilgartner classification. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in 211 hemophilia patients hospitalized in our medical center between January 2007 and December 2010, some patients with hemarthrosis were followed up for 5 years. Results: All patients were male, including 150 hemophilia A (HA) and 61 hemophilia B (HB) . The HA patients bled more frequently than HB patients with annualized total bleeding rate 20.5 (0-48) vs 13 (1-40) ; annualized joint bleeding rate 13.5 (0-38) vs 8 (0-33) , especially in moderate hemophilia [26 (1-48) vs 12 (1-36) , P<0.001; 18 (0-36) vs 7.5 (0-26) , P=0.001], but severe hemophilia had no difference in bleeding frequency [33 (1-41) vs 26 (1-40) , P=0.702; 22 (0-36) vs 18 (0-33) , P=0.429]. The condition of the affected joints of 108 HA and 54 HB was evaluated on roentgenography. In HA patients, the Arnold-Hilgartner classification increased with the severity ratings (r=0.063, P=0.004) . However, similar associations were not found in HB patients (r=0.045, P=0.082) . Five years later, 36 HA and 19 HB patients received the same joint X-ray, there were no significant differences in joints radiographic progression between the total HA and HB groups (z=1.941, P=0.052) . However, significant difference between moderate HA and HB was observed (z=0.076, P=0.002) . Multivariate unconditioned Logistic analysis showed that annualized joint bleeding rate [P<0.001, OR=1.166 (95%CI 1.097-1.239) ] and articular structural injuries [P=0.018, OR=2.842 (95% CI 1.196-6.755) ] were independent risk factors for the joints radiographic progression. Conclusion: The study suggests that there was a difference in bleeding phenotype between HA and HB, especially in moderate hemophilia. HB patients showed mild but progressive development over time, compared with HA patients. Annualized joint bleeding rate and articular structural injuries were independent risk factors for the joints radiographic progression.
Inclusive Education and ELT Policies in Colombia: Views From Some PROFILE Journal Authors

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article reports on a study aimed at exploring inclusive policies in the teaching of English as a foreign language in Colombia, as evidenced in the articles published in the PROFILE Journal by Colombian authors. The use of the documentary research method and critical discourse analysis showed that some policies—mainly The National Program of Bilingualism and the Basic Standards for Competences in English as a Foreign Language—contain issues closely related to the logic of discriminatory and segregation attitudes in English language teaching. We hope that the results of our analysis will generate more interest in scholars to examine language policies and work further to eradicate inequalities in education.
La distribution on the crater surface of W‐1%La 2 O 3 produced by a single laser pulse

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The W‐1%La 2 O 3 alloy has been irradiated by a single laser pulse (λ = 1064 nm) to simulate transient thermal loads of high energy occurring in a tokamak under operative conditions. A zone with a diameter of ~2 mm, namely, much larger than the focal spot, results to be affected by the pulse, and a crater of about 300 μm is observed in its center. La 2 O 3 particles are not present inside the crater. The change of surface morphology is accompanied by elemental redistribution. Multipoint XPS analysis evidenced that the concentration of La is very low in the crater and increases moving toward the border of the affected zone while that of W shows an opposite trend. The composition changes involve only the outmost 5 nm of the sample: through depth profiling, no differences of chemical composition were detected deeper in the alloy between the center and external border of the affected area.
[Biliary lithiasis in cystic fibrosis. Study of the bile salts in the serum and in the bile in one case (author's transl)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Biliary lithiasis was discovered in a girl aged 11 suffering from Cystic Fibrosis and who underwent partial small bowel resection for meconium ileus. A cholecystectomy was performed at 15. Examination of the stones showed that they were composed of cholesterol and chemical examination of the bile showed an increase of phospholipids and a decrease in bile salts. There was also a modification of the ratio (Formula: see text) in the serum and the bile. All those factors contribute to the insolubility of cholesterol and to the formation of lithiasis. For all those reasons, the authors recommend a regular radiologic surveillance of the gallbladder in Cystic Fibrosis.
Retroperitoneal Nephrectomy: Comparison of Laparoscopy with Open Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy (RLN) is a relatively recent technique whose performance needs to be firmly established. The aim of this study was to compare the results of RLNs in 19 patients with retrospective results for 10 cases of open surgery. Ten of the RLN patients had transplanted kidneys. We used a slightly modified, already published technique with only three trocars that did not require balloon dilatation of the retroperitoneal space. It was successful in patients with and without transplants. The average operative times of RLN and open surgery were 115 and 110 minutes, respectively. In no instance did the laparoscopic procedure need to be converted to open surgery. There were no peri‐ or postoperative complications that could be related to the RLN technique. The average length of hospitalization after RLN was considerably shorter (3.8 days) than after open surgery (7.9 days). In conclusion, our experience shows that RLN is a safe, reproducible technique that reduces recovery time. It has become our first‐line approach for simple nephrectomy, nephroureterectomy for ureteral tumors, and removal of the native kidney in transplant recipients.