jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Sensitivity‐Based Construction Approach to Variance Minimization of Markov Decision Processes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract With a long‐run average performance as the primary criterion for a Markov decision process, variance measures are studied as its secondary criteria. The steady‐state variance and the limiting average variance along a sample path are discussed. The latter one is difficult to handle due to its special form. With a sensitivity‐based approach, the difference formula for the sample‐path variance under different policies is intuitively constructed and then the optimality equation is presented. Moreover a policy iteration algorithm is developed. This work extends the sensitivity‐based construction approach to Markov decision processes with non‐standard performance criteria. The difference between these two types of variance and bias criteria is illustrated with a numerical example.
Outcome after Mastectomy for Ipsilateral Breast Tumor Recurrence after Breast Conserving Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) is a risk after breast conserving surgery, and is traditionally treated with mastectomy. Given the limited literature on outcome after mastectomy for IBTR, we evaluated our long-term data for this group. A retrospective review was conducted using a database of 2101 breast cancer patients at a single institution. Fifty-nine patients underwent breast conserving surgery and experienced an IBTR. Exclusion criteria included repeat lumpectomy or metastatic disease before mastectomy. Patients presented with invasive ductal (58%), invasive lobular (7%), other invasive (11%), or ductal carcinoma in situ (24%). Initial tumors were Tis (24%), T1 (42%), T2 (20%), T3 (2%), or not recorded (12%). IBTR lesions were Tis (20%), T1 (46%), T2 (25%), or T3 (9%). Median follow-up after mastectomy was 4.6 years. Thirteen patients (22%) had post-mastectomy recurrence (PMR), which decreased overall survival ( P = 0.002). PMR was more common with larger IBTR tumors ( P = 0.03), specifically IBTR ≥ T2 ( P = 0.003). Eighty-five per cent of PMR occurred within 2 years of mastectomy. Mastectomy for IBTR remains effective treatment for most patients, but the risk of PMR remains. Patients with IBTR tumors >2 cm have an increased risk of PMR. Strict follow-up should be routine, especially during the first 24 months.
Relative longevity of Leptosphaeria maculans and associated mycobiota on canola debris

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Survival of the blackleg pathogen ( Leptosphaeria maculans ) in canola ( Brassica napus var. oleifera ) stem debris was studied at three locations during two separate tests from August 1995 through October 1998. In combined isolation frequencies from both locations, L maculans decreased over time from 85.0% before burial in July to 15.4% in September and 3.4 % in December. Eleven months after initiation of this test, L maculans could not be isolated from the infected canola stem pieces. Isolation frequencies of L maculans were similiar among the three soil depths over all sampling dates at both locations. AH other fungi that were present in a preliminary assay also declined after burial. Trichoderma spp . were undetectable after initiation of the test and increased to 27.5 % on the last sampling date in July 1996. The increase of Trichoderma spp . corresponded with the decrease in isolation frequencies of L maculans and other fungi in the stem pieces. The first test differed from previous studies, consequently a second test located near Griffin, Georgia, was initiated in 1996. In the second test, the relative longevity of L. maculans was determined on intact debris (two to three times greater in size) left on the soil surface after harvest in a field using either minimum or no-tillage. Leptosphaeria maculanswas isolated from 26.4,31.2, and 20.8 % of the pieces, respectively, for May 1997, November 1997, and October 1998. Pycnidia containing viable conidia were also identified on 43.7, 26.4, and 18.0% from debris present in the D-V-8 plates even though no visible fungal colonies of L. maculans grew on the agar. The difference in relative longevity of L. maculans between the two tests was directly related to the condition and size of the canola debris. In the first test, the debris was sectioned into 10-cm pieces. These pieces were badly deteriorated and fragmented 5 months after burial. In contrast, the debris in the second test was still intact 36 months after being placed on the soil surface. This survival was because of increased debris size that resulted in reduced fragmentation from tillage. Thus, intact canola debris can serve as an inoculum source for at least three seasons or longer.
Analysis of Sports Industry Development of Countryside

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper, from the perspective of a new socialist countryside, the effects of external environment factors on the development of regional sports industry are explored by documentary analysis, comparative research, and the combination of regional economic theory.This article contains the following three aspects: Analyze the development pattern of sports industry by reviewing related literature; Macroscopically compare specific environmental factors of sports industry development around Sichuan province by actual data; Put forward suggestions, motivated by promoting balanced development of regional sports industry, on the development of sports industry in New socialist countryside of Sichuan province.
Brexit, Article 50 and the Contested British Constitution

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article discusses the early stages of the Art 50 TEU process, and those aspects that relate most clearly to British constitutional law. Its overarching theme is that the Brexit process is rendered highly problematic by the lack of any coherent conception of the British Constitution. Different parties settle on interpretations of constitutional law that support their case, but often there is no determinative answer. Three broad issues are examined in order to substantiate this claim: the EU Referendum, the triggering of Article 50, and the Devolution aspect of Brexit. I argue that each of these issues reveals tensions and competing constitutional interpretations that suggest that the British Constitution is ill‐equipped to deal with Brexit.
Satyr Play in a Radical Vein: Shelley’s ‘Cyclops’

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Percy Bysshe Shelley was reading August Wilhel Schlegel's Lectures in March 1818, a book he owned, referred to and lent to the Gisbornes in June of the same year while at Livorno. Shelley engaged with texts which mirror his fascination with certain aspects of classical Greek culture – ethical, philosophical, religious, poetical, political – and at the same time help him reflect on his preoccupations. Even though Shelley is strangely reticent in his letters about his work on Cyclops, it is safe to assume that like all foreign works of literature, the Greek drama would pose a challenge as an exercise in translation but also as a testing ground for his ideas. Shelley's 'Cyclops' captures in large measure the discordant, even disturbing tones and evocative ideas of Euripides's satyr play, such as its serious questioning of the religious and moral norms of the time; but the reader will also recognize several themes already apparent in Shelley's own writings.
Characterisation of the H+‐ATPase in plasma membranes isolated from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Plasma membranes from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were purified by differential centrifugation and two‐phase partitioning in an aqueous polymer system. The isolated plasma membranes were virtually free from contaminating chloroplasts, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi membranes as shown by marker enzyme and pigment analysis. The isolated plasma membranes exhibited vanadate sensitive ATPase activity, indicating the presence of a P‐type ATPase. This was verified by using antibodies against P‐type ATPase from Arabidopsis , which crossreacted with a protein of 109 kDa. The ATPase activity was inhibited to more than 90% by vanadate (K i = 0.9 μ M ) but not affected by inhibitors specific for F‐ or V‐type ATPases. demonstrating the purity of the plasma membranes. Mg‐ATP was the substrate, and the rate of ATP‐hydrolysis followed simple Michaelis‐Menten kinetics giving a K m = 0.46 m M . Free Mg 2+ stimulated the activity, K 1/2 = 0.68 m M . Maximal activity was obtained at pH 8. The ATPase activity was latent but stimulated 10 to 20‐fold in the presence of detergents. This indicates that the isolated plasma membrane vesicles were tightly sealed and mostly right‐side‐out, making the ATPase inaccessible to the hydrophilic substrate ATP. In the presence of the Brij 58, the isolated plasma membranes performed ATP dependent H + ‐pumping as shown by the optical pH probe acridine orange. H + ‐pumping was dependent on the presence of valinomycin and K + ions and completely abolished by vanadate. Addition of Brij 58 has been shown to produce 100% sealed inside‐out vesicles of plant plasma membranes (Johansson et al. 1995, Plant J. 7: 165–173) and this was also the case for plasma membranes from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
P215 The impact of digital tools in chronic renal and gastrointestinal disease: a systematic review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction

Non-adherence to dietary therapies in chronic gastrointestinal (GI) and renal conditions promotes disease progression and poorer quality of life. Considering the complexity and limited scalability of their written counterparts, digital tools present opportunities to improve patient experience, dietary behaviour change and dietary adherence. However, it is unclear whether, and which, digital tools perform best within these parameters. This systematic review aims to determine which digital tools have the greatest effect on patient experience, dietary behaviour change and adherence in patients aged eleven and older with a chronic GI or renal disease.

Methods

EMBASE, Medline, CINAHL and the Cochrane Database were searched in October 2021 for studies published post-2010. Studies reporting outcomes related to patient experience, dietary behaviour change and adherence, where the primary intervention was a diet-related digital tool, were sought. Qualitative and quantitative data were extracted, including for user satisfaction, knowledge acquired, serum markers and quality of life. These data were divided into process effect and patient effect outcomes and assessed with regard to tool type and functionality.

Results

Of 553 studies identified, seventeen met inclusion criteria. A total of eleven were randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Smartphones were the most common tool type and the most frequently reported functionality was education. There was substantial heterogeneity of outcome measures. Mixed effects were reported within patient effect outcomes (such as dietary adherence). However, process effect outcomes were generally positive. All eleven studies reporting one of feasibility, acceptability or patient satisfaction had a positive effect. Correlations were not observed between tool type or functionality, and effect on patient experience, dietary behaviour change and adherence.

Conclusions

Digital tools positively impacted patient experience regardless of tool type or functionality. However, further large-scale RCTs with standardised outcome measures are required to determine whether clinically relevant correlations between digital tools and improved dietary adherence and behaviour change exist. Further research is required to determine which tools have the greatest impact within these parameters. Small homogenous samples with short follow-up periods not appropriate to outcome sensitivities must be acknowledged as limitations to be improved in future research.
Molecular Rearrangement in the Gas Phase Photolysis of 1-Phenyl-2-butene

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular Rearrangement in the Gas Phase Photolysis of 1-Phenyl-2-buteneM. ComtetCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 27, 7761–7762Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja50001a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja50001a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views27Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
nitric oxide

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract: We studied the effect of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) on migration of rabbit peritoneal neutro-phils. Exogenous NO enhanced random migration of neutrophils in a concentration-dependent way. An optimally stimulatory effect was observed with 0.5 tM NO, whereas at higher NO concentrations the enhancing effect decreased again. NO caused a rapid and transient increase in intracellular guanosine-3’,5’-cycic monophosphate (cGMP) levels. The en-hancing effect of NO on random migration was largely reversed by the inhibitors of cGMP accumu-lation, LY-83583 and methylene blue, and by the antagonists of cGMP-dependent protein kinase, 8-bromoguanosme-3’,S’-cycic monophosphorothioate, Rp-isomer (Rp-8-Br-c GMPS) and 8-(4-chlo-
Communication: Tracking molecular structure deformation and relaxation in real time

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The CH3I structural deformation induced by strong laser fields is revealed by time- and frequency-resolved ro-vibrational spectra. The experimental results show that the CH3I molecule undergoes ultrafast structural deformation of CH3 “umbrella-closing” induced by the strong fs laser field (more than 1011 W/cm2) and followed by a structural relaxation of “umbrella-opening” within an exponential decay time scale of ∼620 fs. This study provides a first glimpse of the immense potential of the time- and frequency-resolved vibrational spectra in studying molecular deformation dynamics.
The impact of regional integration on PM2.5 concentrations—Quasi‐natural experimental evidence from city economic coordination committee

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract It is of great significance to explore the causality between regional integration (RI) and PM 2.5 pollution within urban agglomerations in the current pursuit of ecological civilization construction and high‐quality development. Using panel data of 285 prefecture‐level cities in China from 2003 to 2016, this study considers the expansion of the city economic coordination committee in Yangtze River Delta (YRDECC) as a quasi‐natural experiment of RI, and use a difference‐in difference method to explore the effect and inner mechanisms of RI on PM 2.5 concentration. After a descriptive analysis of the spatial‐temporal variation trend of the PM 2.5 concentration in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, the empirical results show that RI helps to alleviate 4.8% of the PM 2.5 concentration overall. For the original cities, the reduction effect on the PM 2.5 concentration is 5.2%, for the new cities, however, RI exacerbates 2.1% of the local PM 2.5 concentration. A series of robustness tests confirm the validity of the baseline results, and further indicate that the effect of RI remains significant in the long term and starts to increase from the third year. Furthermore, the reduction effect of RI on PM 2.5 concentration is more pronounced in cities with larger scales, more developed economies, and higher degrees of marketization. The mechanism analysis shows that industrial transfer, population migration and technological innovation are significant channels of RI that affect PM 2.5 concentrations. The conclusions of this paper provide a new path to alleviate PM 2.5 pollution and achieve ecological conservation and high‐quality development in the city cluster area.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Properties of Pb0.88Ba0.08Sr0.04Tix Zr1‐xO3 Ceramics.

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Numerical simulation and analysis of the transition to turbulence in boundary layer flows

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this paper is to strengthen and validate the theory proposed by Vladimir V. Kulish, where the fluctuations of velocity during a laminar-turbulent transition can be viewed as a fractal time series [4]. The FRATSAN program which was written by Karthik Seetharaman was used as a means to analyze the multifractal time series by generating the Fractal Dimensions, Jeffreys Divergence Measure and Hurst Exponent values through the interpretation of the fluctuating velocity data [3]. Velocity data from the Open Channel Flow experiment and the Boundary Layer Flow experiment were re-analyzed again and the results were compared and reviewed. The eventual outcome had shown encouraging signs and reflected positive results. This implies that multifractal time series analysis carries a very high potential in predicating the transition from laminar to turbulent flow.
550-P: Unique Associations of Depressive Symptoms and Diabetes Distress with Quality of Life (QoL) in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Youth with T1D often experience emotional distress, which can negatively impact QoL. We sought to understand associations of depressive symptoms and diabetes distress with QoL in youth with T1D. Participants (N=420; 50% male; ages 8-17 years; T1D duration 6.4±3.7 (M±SD) years; A1c 8.3±1.0%; 69% pump treated; 70% having parent with college degree) completed the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Generic Core Scales (PedsQL)and measures of depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CESD]) and diabetes distress (Problem Areas in Diabetes-Pediatric version [PAID-Peds]). Multivariable linear modeling determined independent associations of depressive symptoms and diabetes distress with total, physical, and psychosocial QoL, adjusting for sex, age, T1D duration, A1c, pump therapy, insulin dose, and parent education. Total PedsQL score was 85±13, (physical subscale 89±12, psychosocial subscale 82±15); CESD score was 9±9; PAID-Peds score was 37±24. CESD and PAID-Peds were both correlated with A1c (CESD: p=.01, PAID-Peds: p&lt;.0001); QoL scales were not correlated with A1c. CESD and PAID-Peds were correlated with total, physical and psychosocial QoL (all p&lt;.0001). In multivariable analyses, more depressive symptoms were associated with poorer total (∆R2=.52, p&lt;.0001), physical (∆R2=.35, p&lt;.0001), and psychosocial (∆R2=.51, p&lt;.0001) QoL, adjusting for diabetes distress and sociodemographic/diabetes factors. More diabetes distress was associated with poorer total (∆R2=.05, p&lt;.0001) and psychosocial (∆R2=.06, p&lt; .0001) QoL, adjusting for depressive symptoms and sociodemographic/diabetes factors; more diabetes distress marginally contributed to poorer physical QoL (∆R2=.01, p=.002). Findings suggest unique, negative associations of both depressive symptoms and diabetes distress with QoL. Targeting both depressive symptoms and diabetes distress may help improve QoL in youth with T1D. Disclosure A. Shapira: None. L. K. Volkening: None. L. M. Laffel: Consultant; Self; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Dexcom, Inc., Dompe, Insulogic LLC, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Laxmi Therapeutic Devices, LifeScan, Lilly Diabetes, Medtronic, Provention Bio, Inc. Funding National Institutes of Health (R01DK089349, R01DK095273, T32DK007260, P30DK036836); JDRF (2-SRA-2014-253-M-B)
Research on hoarse speech based on vocal cord model and glottal waveform

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Considering the faCt that hoarse speech is usually caused by pathological changes of vocal cords whose motion state is reflected by glottal waveform, this paper presents a method of research on hoarse speech based on dissymmetric four-mass model of vocal cords and glottal wave analysis-synthesis.By linking hoarse speech waveform with glottal wave and the vocal cord model, the characteristic parameters of normal speech and hoarse speech before and after laryngeal operation are studied. The parameters of glottal wave periodicity and vocal cord symmetry of hoarse speeChes are compared with those of normal speech. It is applied to analyzing the relations between model parameters and hoarse mechanism in pathology and physiology. Experimental results show that the new method of research can unveil the relations between acoustic features and pathological causes of hoarse speech and thus provides theoretical and experimental bases for non-contact diagnoses of laryngeal diseases and for improving the tone quality of hoarse speech.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Sexual Education and Sensory, Proprioceptive, and Tactile Exercises on Children's Anxiety

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of sexual education and sensory, proprioceptive, and tactile exercises in reducing anxiety in children aged 4 to 7 years. Methods and Materials: This quasi-experimental study used a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. A sample of 30 children, aged 4 to 7 years, was selected from five clinics in Tehran using convenience sampling. The participants were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (10 participants each) and one control group (10 participants). The research tools included the Sensory Integration Evaluation Form by Ryz, the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale, a sexual education training package for parents, and a sensory integration exercise package for the children. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), with Greenhouse-Geisser and Huynh-Feldt adjustments due to violations of the sphericity assumption. Findings: The findings revealed significant reductions in anxiety for both experimental groups compared to the control group. The sensory, proprioceptive, and tactile exercises group demonstrated the most substantial reduction in anxiety, particularly in generalized anxiety, social phobia, obsessive-compulsive tendencies, and separation anxiety. In the sexual education group, anxiety also decreased significantly, especially in social phobia and separation anxiety. The control group did not show significant changes in anxiety levels across the study's three phases (pre-test, post-test, follow-up). Conclusion: Both sensory-based interventions and sexual education significantly reduced anxiety in children, with sensory, proprioceptive, and tactile exercises showing the most pronounced effects. These findings support the use of multi-modal approaches for anxiety reduction in children and suggest that both interventions could be effectively integrated into therapeutic and educational practices.