jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
NaCrO2 Cathode for High-Rate Sodium-Ionbatteries

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Layered lithium intercalation compounds LiMeO2 (where Me is transition element) materials have been widely studied and applied as cathode materials for practical lithium ion batteries. Cost of lithium resource, however, has doubled since commercialization in 1991, and tight supply is expected due to the ever increasing demands of electric vehicles and energy storage systems. Indeed, the lithium resource is unevenly distributed in Southern America. Meanwhile, sodium resources are abundant and unlimited everywhere. Recently, layered NaMeO2 materials are being intensively studied because of reversible Na+ insertion/extraction, in particular, NaCrO2 (R-3m) in Na cell. Here, we report physical and electrochemical properties of NaCrO2. The NaCrO2 powder was synthesized by solid-state method. Stoichiometric mixture of Na2CO3 and Cr2O3 powders were pelletized, and the pellet was heated at 900 oC in Ar. All chemicals and products were handled in an Ar-filled gloved box to avoid air exposure. Phase identification of the products was made using X-ray diffraction (XRD) with Cu Kα radiation and the collected XRD data were analyzed by the Rietveld refinement. Electrochemical test were carried out in coin type sodium cells. Galvanostatic electrochemical charge and discharge tests in 1M NaClO4 in PC solution were carried out at room temperature. XRD pattern of the produced NaCrO2 demonstrated a phase-pure product and it was crystallized to O3 type layer structure with space group of R-3m. The delivered capacity was approximately 110 mAh (gNaCrO2) -1 in voltage range of 2 – 3.6 V and 97 % of the capacity was retained during 50 cycles. Also, the Na/NaCrO2 cell exhibited surprising high rate properties, namely, 84 % of capacity retention at 100 C-rates. Details will be discussed in the conference site. Figure 1
Picturing Confessional Politics at the Stuart Court: Henrietta Maria and Catherine of Braganza†

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The deep confessional tensions in Stuart Britain were embodied in its Catholic queens. Queens, in their portraits and in the artworks in their palaces and chapels, were positioned within this dialectic, with the competing expectations of their husbands, their families, their religious retinues, the papacy, their own personal devotions, and the public against a changing political situation. This article examines how the visual arts provided a powerful tool for Henrietta Maria and Catherine of Braganza in this dynamic, both in claiming and facilitating piety and in advancing the Catholic cause. The themes of Catholic devotion and saintly embodiment are discussed through two important aspects of their engagement with the visual arts: palace display in which devotional works were hung prominently and portraits in which the queens embody saintly guises. Artworks from their chapels, too, will be considered; these spaces were dominated by Marian imagery, which suited both theological and dynastic interests. Although operating within different political contexts and personal agendas, they marshalled such imagery to promote the Catholic cause and perform their piety.
BOLD FMRI MAPPING OF ELOQUENT CORTICAL AREAS IN PATIENTS WITH BRAIN TUMOR USING INDEPENDENT PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction . Preoperative fMRI often shows a reduced BOLD response in the areas located perifocal to brain tumors caused by pathological vasoreactivity as a result of neurovascular uncoupling. The aim of this study was an accurate identification of the eloquent cortical areas near brain tumors by measuring vasoreactivity using the breath holding test. Material and methods. 23 patients with brain tumors located near eloquent cortical areas underwent fMRI mapping of the language and / or motor cortical areas depending on the location of the tumor. Breath hold test was also included, the design of which coincided with motor and language block paradigms. Results . A statistical dependency between motor, speech tasks and breath-hold BOLD-response was included into the BOLD analysis using coherence. fMRI activation maps generated by this method showed activation in the eloquent areas adjacent to brain tumors which were not detected by the standard analysis. This study shows that neurovascular uncoupling affects the accuracy of BOLD fMRI in brain tumors. Conclusion. The results of fMRI mapping can be partially improved by the incorporating vasoreactivity measurements into a standard analysis.
Effect on the Growth of Potato Plantlets in MS Media with Different Carbon Sources and Concentration of Chlorocholine Chloride

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A complete random test was conducted by a 3-factor experiment that virus-flee plantlets of different varieties of potato (Adantic and Dianshu No.6) were cultured on the MS media by used in which the sucrose or white crystal sugar was used as carbon source and chlorocholine chloride at 0mg·L~(-1),100mg·L~(-1),150mg·L~(-1),200 mg·L~(-1),250mg·L~(-1),and 300mg·L~(-1) was contained respectively.We have comparatively studied the agronomical characters of the virus-flee plantlets of potato in different treatments.The results showed that the growth of virus-free plantlets of Atlantic and Dianshu No.6 at the MS media with white sugar as carbon source was better than that on the MS media with sucrose as carbon source;And chlorocholine chloride concentra- tion of 200mg·L~(-1) was most suitable for the growth of Virus-Free Plantlets of potato.
Проблеми викладання курсу "Українська мова професійного спрямування" у ВНЗ України

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article analyses problems in teaching of the Ukrainian language with professional approach. With \nthis the brief overview of textbooks and manuals and also other humanitarian literature of these problems \nis given. To the overview the pedagogical dissertations as well as pedagogical and psychological articles \nare included. The aim of the article is the attempt to show some opportunities of using of new pedagogical \ntechnologies in teaching of this course.
Unsteady Transient Free Convective Flow Of An Incompressible Viscous Fluid Under Influence Of Uniform Transverse Magnetic Field

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The unsteady transient free convection flow of an incompressible dissipative viscous fluid between parallel plates at different distances have been investigated under porous medium. Due to presence of heat flux under the influence of uniform transverse magnetic field the velocity distribution and the temperature distribution, is shown graphically. Since exact solution is not possible so we find parametrical solution by perturbation technique. The result is shown in graph for different parameters. We notice that heat generation effects fluid velocity keeping in which of free convection which cools.
Differences in Gait between Leather Shoes and Sneakers: Kinematic and Kinetic Comparisons

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

〔目的〕革靴着用時とスニーカー着用時による歩行の相違を運動学的・運動力学的比較から明らかにすることとした．〔対象と方法〕健常成人男性10名とした．運動課題は，革靴およびスニーカーを着用した最速歩行とした．三次元動作解析装置を用い，下肢各関節角度，関節モーメント，関節パワーを算出した．歩行立脚相における各項目の角度変化量，最大値を分析した．〔結果〕スニーカー着用時と比較し，革靴着用時の踵接地から足底接地では，足関節背屈モーメント最大値，足関節の負のパワー最大値の増大が生じた．〔結語〕スニーカー着用時と比較し，革靴着用時での歩行が，踵接地から足底接地における足関節背屈筋群の遠心性収縮を増大させることを示した．
Décomposition non-supervisée de données multivaluées avec applications en astrophysique

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

L’imagerie multi-spectrale multi-temporelle requiert la mise en place d’outils d’analyses adaptés aux données multi-valuées. Les missions Chandra et Athena en astrophysique sont des exemples parlants des défis passés et à venir dans le traitement des données multi-spectrales. Cette thèse a pour objectif de proposer des modèles d’analyse de données astrophysiques en rayons X et des algorithmes permettant d’extraire les informations utiles pour l’astrophysicien. Il s’agit d’introduire une extension des techniques de séparation de composantes dans le but, d’une part, d’avoir des modèles mathématiques capables de décrire des données multi-valuées contaminées par du bruit de Poisson, et d’autre part, d’estimer les variabilités spectrales très répandues dans les jeux de données astrophysiques en hautes énergies. Les outils numériques développés au cours de cette thèse sont appliqués aux données du télescope Chandra.
HAEMATOLOGICAL CANCER AND UNMET PSYCHOSOCIAL NEEDS: A CALL FOR INTEGRATED SUPPORT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PurposePsychosocial need implies a desire or requirement for support that underlies a person’s psychological, social and emotional wellbeing. This is not a new concept in the wider cancer literature, yet remains a relatively unexplored area in relation to haematological malignancies. The well recognized differences between haematological and other types of cancer diagnosis warrant further investigation to try and highlight the potential differences in the needs of this patient group. MethodA systematic review of key online databases and psycho-oncology journals was conducted to identify papers that formally assessed unmet psychosocial needs in adults with a diagnosis of haematological cancer. The breadth of methodologies of included studies made a meta-analytical approach unfeasible, therefore studies were analyzed using a narrative synthesis approach.Results18 studies were found to be relevant and a specific focus was placed on those papers that looked solely at participants with a haematological diagnosis. The key areas of need identified were: psychological need, notably fear of recurrence; information needs; and needs relating to both family and healthcare professionals. Fear of recurrence was the most commonly identified psychosocial need within this literature. ConclusionsThe clinical implications of these findings highlight the need for more widespread access to psychological support for haematology patients and for more to be done to tackle patients’ fears and concerns throughout the course of their illness. Assessment and identification of unmet needs is an important step enabling the development of clinical services that support and maintain psychological wellbeing through treatment and into survivorship.
Fiscal decentralization and internal conflict: an empirical investigation

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the relationship between fiscal decentralization and internal conflict in seventy-seven countries during the period 1972–2000. The results show that the devolution of fiscal power to subnational tiers of government reduces the incidence of civil conflict. This finding is robust to the inclusion in the analysis of the degree of political decentralization and of a number of control variables commonly employed in the literature. Likewise, the observed relationship does not depend on the estimation strategy or the specific measures used to quantify the degree of fiscal decentralization and the incidence of civil conflicts within the various countries.
Linear approximation of bilinear Processes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The linear approximation for a first-order bilinear process perturbed using pseudorandom binary and ternary signals is studied, in terms of the related linear dynamics consisting of the underlying linear dynamics and bias caused by nonlinear distortions. The related time constant is derived from the input-output cross-correlation function. The analysis is extended by simulation to the case of multilevel input signals. Simulation results are also given for a second-order bilinear process, as theoretical results are not available.
Human Retrovirus Genomic RNA Packaging

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Two non-covalently linked copies of the retrovirus genome are specifically recruited to the site of virus particle assembly and packaged into released particles. Retroviral RNA packaging requires RNA export of the unspliced genomic RNA from the nucleus, translocation of the genome to virus assembly sites, and specific interaction with Gag, the main viral structural protein. While some aspects of the RNA packaging process are understood, many others remain poorly understood. In this review, we provide an update on recent advancements in understanding the mechanism of RNA packaging for retroviruses that cause disease in humans, i.e., HIV-1, HIV-2, and HTLV-1, as well as advances in the understanding of the details of genomic RNA nuclear export, genome translocation to virus assembly sites, and genomic RNA dimerization.
A Medical Center’s Experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: To review the biologic behavior, therapy and natural courses of patients with extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma (EPSCC) in a medical center. Methods: We used the computer assisted search for patients diagnosed with EPSCC registered from July 1986 through April 2005. The eligible patients had pathologically proven SCC in sites other than the lung and normal chest radi-ographs, computed tomography of the chest, sputum cytology, and /or nega-tive bronchoscopic findings. Results: Twenty patients with EPSCC were identified and 12 patients (60%) had lim-ited disease (LD). For the patients with LD receiving systemic chemothera-py, the response rate was 73 % (36.5 % complete response (CR), 36.5 % par-tial response (PR). However, most of the patients experienced rapid systemic recurrence, with a median disease free survival (DFS) of 8 months. Patients with extensive disease (ED) received mostly etoposide-cisplatin (EP) based chemotherapy, for which the response rate was 50%. The median overall sur-vival (OS) of the patients with LD and ED was 22 months and 3 months. The patients with EPSCC of the head and neck region showed a favorable clinical course, with a median OS of 43 months. Patients with EPSCC of sites other than the head and neck region had aggressive courses with a median OS of 15.5 months. Conclusion: Integrated chemoradiotherapy with surgery for patients with LD generates realistic survival results. EP-based chemotherapy should be the current chemotherapy regimen of choice for patients with ED. Patients with EPSCC of sites other than the head and neck region was usually had poor overall out-comes.
Bulk Electroporation for Intracellular Delivery Directly Driven by Mechanical Stimulus

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Electroporation (EP) is an effective and widely accepted intracellular delivery method for fundamental research and medical applications. Existing electroporation methods usually require a commercially available EP system or tailor-made high-voltage (HV, up to kV) power source and are complicated, expensive, harmful to the cells, and even dangerous to the operators. A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a highly studied device that can generate HV output with limited charges and ultrahigh internal impedance. Here, we developed a Bulk Electroporation System based on TENG (BEST). To maximize the load voltage of the TENG, a flowing EP unit with a capillary was designed as a resistive load to realize impedance matching. A low conductivity buffer was used to further match and assist cell electroporation. Besides, the electrical model and experiments on cells transfected with the BEST showed that the bulk electric field of the cell medium could reach up to 1 kV/cm, therefore resulting in a nearly 30 times increase of trans-membrane potential, thus largely improving transfection efficiency. Finally, using 40 kDa FITC-dextran, we showed that a delivery efficiency above 50% with a cell viability maintained over 90% can be achieved in HeLa cells. This work demonstrated the potential of TENG in the biomedical field as a naturally safe HV power source. It also provided a simple, alternative, and low-cost solution for EP research and related biomedicine applications.
Assessing undergraduate information literacy change over time

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose The research project assessed information literacy skill changes in college students at two points in time, as entering first-year students in 2012 and as seniors in their senior seminar capstone courses in the 2015–2016 academic year. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach The Standardized Assessment of Information Literacy Skills (SAILS) individual test was the selected instrument. Version 1 of the test was used for first-year students and Version 2 was used for seniors. All testing was done in person in computer labs with a librarian or library staff member present to proctor the test. This resulted in obtaining 330 student results as first years and 307 as seniors, with 161 exact matches for both administrations of the test. Exact matching of student scores to demographic details pulled from the college’s student information systems were used in the analysis. Findings The analysis shows that overall first-year students tested below the 70 percent proficiency benchmark in all eight skill sets, but by the time they were seniors they scored above 70 percent in three skill sets. Male students and students of color performed lower than their counterparts, but these groups did demonstrate significant improvement in four skill sets by the time they were seniors. Students in the Honors program, those who took longer to complete the test as seniors, those with higher GPAs, those in Humanities majors, and those who had upper level course exposures to librarian information literacy instruction had higher performance on the test. There were no statistically significant results for students who were first generation, Pell Grant eligible, or were in-state or out-of-state residents. Originality/value There are few published studies that utilized the SAILS test for longitudinal institution-wide assessment. The majority of institutions that utilized the individual version of SAILS did so to determine change within a selected course, or set of courses, in the same semester and very few are published.
Sprinkler Drip Infiltration Quality Prediction for Moisture Space Distribution Using RSAE-NPSO

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Considering the high quality requirements related to agricultural production, the intelligent prediction of sprinkler drip infiltration quality (SDIQ) of the moisture space distribution in soil fields is an important issue in precision irrigation. The objective of this research is to adaptively predict an optimal data set of SDIQ indices using a robust prediction algorithm called the regulated sparse autoencoder–niche particle swarm optimization (RSAE-NPSO) system, so that the SDIQ indices of various irrigated layers of loam, sandy, chernozem, saline–alkali, and clay soils can be predicted and analyzed. This prediction procedure involves the following steps. First, the drip infiltration effectiveness of the moisture on specific irrigated soil layers is measured. Second, a complete set of SDIQ indices used for assessing the moisture space distribution is introduced. Third, an analytical framework based on the RSAE-NPSO algorithm is established. Fourth, the intelligent prediction of SDIQ indices using RSAE-NPSO computation is achieved. This research indicates that when the irrigation parameters include the sprinkling pressure (Pw) at 224.8 KPa, irrigation duration time (Id) at 2.68 h, flow discharge amount (Fq) at 1682.5 L/h, solar radiation (Sr) at 17.2 MJ/m2, average wind speed (Aw) at 1.18 m/s, average air temperature (At) at 22.8 °C, and average air relative humidity (Ah) at 72.8%, as well as the key variables of the irrigation environment, including the soil bulk density (Sb) at 1.68 g/cm3, soil porosity (Sp) at 68.7%, organic carbon ratio (Oc) at 63.5%, solute transportation coefficient (St) at 4.86 × 10−6, evapotranspiration rate (Ev) at 33.8 mm/h, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity rate (Ss) at 4.82 cm/s, soil salinity concentration (Sc) at 0.46%, saturated water content (Sw) at 0.36%, and wind direction Wd in the north–northwest direction (error tolerance = ±5%, the same as follows), an optimal data set of SDIQ indices can be ensured, as shown by the exponential entropy of the soil infiltration pressure (ESIP) at 566.58, probability of moisture diffusivity (PMD) at 96.258, probabilistic density of infiltration effectiveness (PDIE) at 98.224, modulus of surface radial runoff (MSRR) at 411.25, infiltration gradient vector (IGV) at [422.5,654.12], and normalized infiltration probabilistic coefficient (NIPC) at 95.442. The quality inspection of the SDIQ prediction process shows that a high agreement between the predicted and actual measured SDIQ indices is achieved. RSAE-NPSO has extraordinary predictive capability and enables much better performance than the other prediction methods in terms of accuracy, stability, and efficiency. This novel prediction method can be used to ensure the infiltration uniformity of the moisture space distribution in sprinkler drip irrigation. It facilitates productive SDIQ management for precision soil irrigation and agricultural crop production.
Aerosol Microphysical and Optical Properties from Multifilter Rotating Shadowband Radiometers

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Multifilter rotating shadowband radiometers (MFRSRs) provide measurements of the total and diffuse solar irradiances at six wavelengths (415, 500, 615, 673, 870 and 940 nm). Direct solar irradiances are inferred by finding the difference between the two measured irradiances, and the direct irradiances are used to derive spectral values of the aerosol optical depth (AOD; Harrison and Michalsky 1994; Alexandrov et al. 2002). Single-scattering albedos (SSAs) can be obtained from diffuse irradiances (Petters et al. 2003).
Change in Pharmacokinetics of Model Compounds with Different Elimination Processes in Rats during Hypothermia

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

We compared the pharmacokinetics of model compounds with different elimination processes between hypothermic and normothermic rats, to obtain basic information concerning drug therapy during hypothermia. Male Wistar rats were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and kept at temperatures of 37 degrees C (normothermic group) by heat lamp, and 32 degrees C or 28 degrees C (hypothermic group) by external cooling. We chose phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP), indocyanine green (ICG) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran (FD-4, Mw 4400) as model compounds to determine changes in clearance pathways during hypothermia therapy. The plasma concentrations of PSP as biliary, urinary and metabolic elimination type were increased significantly in the hypothermic group (32 degrees C, 28 degrees C) after i.v. administration at a dose of 1 mg, compared to the normothermic group (37 degrees C). Each PSP clearance (bile, urine and metabolites) in the hypothermic group was decreased, suggesting an influence of hypothermia on the active elimination process. The decreasing tendency was marked at a temperature of 28 degrees C. Moreover, the plasma concentrations of ICG as the biliary excretion type after i.v. administration to the hypothermic rats at a dose of 1 mg were higher with more than 50% decrease in the total body clearance compared to normothermic rats. On the other hand, there was almost no difference in the i.v. pharmacokinetics of FD-4 as the urinary excretion type between 37 degrees C and 32 degrees C. However, renal clearance of FD-4 was significantly decreased at a temperature of 28 degrees C. Accordingly, the change in pharmacokinetics of a drug in the hypothermic group could differ with the elimination processes.