jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of uncertainty in measurement of free formaldehyde content in urea-formaldehyde

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

According to national standards GB/T14074-2006,the free formaldehyde content in urea-formaldehyde resin was measured by titrimetry and the various factors affecting measurement were analyzed.The uncertainty of measurement results was also evaluated.It was found that repeatability contributed to the uncertainty relatively larger in the measurement process.
EVALUATION OF INSTRUMENTAL METHODS FOR FIRMNESS MEASUREMENT OF FRESH AND CANNED CLINGSTONE PEACHES

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The firmness of fresh and canned clingstone peaches was investigated using blade extrusion, back extrusion, and shear‐compression instruments. The three techniques yielded results which correlated well among themselves and to sensory evaluation of peach firmness. Results indicate that high vacuum flame sterilization yields a canned product which is closer in firmness to fresh peaches than is the conventionally retorted product.
Platform for Stop-based Carpooling

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper introduces a transformative stop-based carpooling app designed to address the limitations of existing solutions. By strategically placing designated stops, such as bus stops, our innovative model restricts ride creation and participation exclusively between these stops, ensuring consistent availability, mitigating privacy concerns, and providing users with alternative transportation options. Through a comprehensive study in a representative urban setting, we examine the impact on car occupancy rates, traffic reduction, and user satisfaction, highlighting the model's ability to cater to diverse user needs. The integration with existing public transport systems extends its eco-friendly footprint, while strategically placed stops enhance coverage in areas with fewer active drivers, overcoming the limitations of conventional carpooling solutions. This paper contributes a blueprint for a sustainable and efficient shared mobility system, showcasing the potential of the stop-based approach in revolutionizing urban transportation.
Green Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Utilizing Monstera deliciosa Leaf Extract and Estimation of its Antimicrobial Characteristics

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Herein, single step biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is reported by using AgNO 3 and Monstera deliciosa (MD) leaf extract. Spherical AgNPs are obtained with difference in particle sizes and antibacterial activities using two sets of MD leaf extract having different heating periods 5 and 10 min. They are characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Zeta potential, Attenuated Total Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR‐IR), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE‐SEM). Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) studies propose two types of AgNPs have hydrodynamic diameters of 104 and 80 nm. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry (GC‐MS), and High Resolution−Mass Spectrometry (HR‐MS) studies, which reveal the presence of various phytochemicals found in MD leaf extract. These biomolecules play a vital role as stabilizing and reducing agents to fabricate stable AgNPs. These AgNPs exhibit strong antibacterial activities having effective zone of inhibition for both Gram‐positive ( Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and Gram‐negative ( Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ) microorganisms, nonetheless AgNPs against different fungi ( Penicillium sp., Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani ) show non‐antifungal characteristics because of their inert nature. This study suggests that AgNPs can be used in treating bacterial infections and drug delivery also for several therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
For What May the Aesthete Hope?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this chapter, we argue that a distinct concept of “aesthetic hope” emerges from the way Kierkegaard’s Aesthete treats hope [Haab] and its relationship to recollection [Erindring] in “The Unhappiest One” and “Rotation of Crops.” We first show that aesthetic hope is distinct from the two other kinds of hope discussed by Kierkegaard: temporal hope and eternal hope. We then consider the suggestion that aesthetic hope is also an expression of despair – an inverse hope against hope, which seeks to avoid disappointment by hoping for things that are in some sense certain. The aesthete’s recommendation that we hope in such a way illuminates Kierkegaard’s view of the “dialectic” of temporal hope and eternal hope. Finally, we explore the treatment of hope in Either/Or as essentially involving a controlled, attentional element that anticipates some contemporary trends in the philosophy of hope.
Did apomixis evolve from sex or was it the other way around?

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In angiosperms, there are two pathways of reproduction through seeds: sexual, or amphimictic, and asexual, or apomictic. The essential feature of apomixis is that an embryo in an ovule is formed autonomously. It may form from a cell of the nucellus or integuments in an otherwise sexual ovule, a process referred to as adventitious embryony. Alternatively, the embryo may form by parthenogenesis from an unreduced egg that forms in an unreduced embryo sac. The latter may form from an ameiotic megasporocyte, in which case it is referred to as diplospory, or from a cell of the nucellus or integument, in which case it is referred to as apospory. Progeny of apomictic plants are generally identical to the mother plant. Apomixis has been seen over the years as either a gain- or loss-of-function over sexuality, implying that the latter is the default condition. Here, we consider an additional point of view, that apomixis may be anciently polyphenic with sex and that both reproductive phenisms involve anciently canalized components of complex molecular processes. This polyphenism viewpoint suggests that apomixis fails to occur in obligately sexual eukaryotes because genetic or epigenetic modifications have silenced the primitive sex apomixis switch and/or disrupted molecular capacities for apomixis. In eukaryotes where sex and apomixis are clearly polyphenic, apomixis exponentially drives clonal fecundity during reproductively favorable conditions, while stress induces sex for stress-tolerant spore or egg formation. The latter often guarantees species survival during environmentally harsh seasons.
MMIC amplifier for 0.9-2.0 GHz

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A single stage GaAs monolithic amplifier chip for L-band has been designed and fabricated. The design includes a 1 micrometers multifinger transistor gate with polyamide bridges for the source interconnections and overlay capacitors with sputtered silicone nitride dielectric. An RC feedback has been used to provide microwave gain of 9 dB within the band. Single supply of 10 V is required. The biasing point of the transistor can be set by proper selection of the source resistors during bonding.
Five-Year Follow-up of Correction of Myopia: Posterior Chamber Phakic Intraocular Lens With a Central Port Design

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PURPOSE: To assess the long-term correction of moderate to high myopia using a posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens with a central port design. METHODS: Uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuities, refraction, intraocular pressure (IOP), endothelial cell density (ECD), vault, and adverse events over a 5-year period were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: A total of 147 eyes (83 patients) were evaluated. Mean postoperative UDVA and CDVA were 0.05 ± 0.11 and 0.02 ± 0.08 logMAR at 1 year and 0.13 ± 0.18 and 0.02 ± 0.09 logMAR at 5 years, respectively. More than 95% of eyes achieved CDVA of 20/25 or better at both follow-up periods. CDVA was unchanged or improved from one to three or more lines in all eyes. Preoperatively, mean spherical equivalent (SE) was −9.20 ± 3.02 diopters (D). At 1 year, the mean SE was −0.17 ± 0.26 D, with 91.53% of eyes within ±0.50 D and 100% of eyes within ±1.00 D of the target. At 5 years, the mean SE was −0.44 ± 0.47 D, with 67.4% of eyes within ±0.50 D and 90.1% of eyes within ±1.00 D of the target. Mean IOP was 12.74 ± 1.65 and 13.0 ± 2.03 mm Hg, at 1 and 5 years, respectively. No significant rise in IOP (> 20 mm Hg) occurred during the follow-up period. Mean ECD was 2,696 ± 358 and 2,645 ± 359 cells/mm 2 at 1 and 5 years, respectively, representing a non-significant loss of 0.43% from preoperative values ( P = .304). Mean vault changed significantly from 398 ± 187 µm at 1 year to 340 ± 163 µm at 5 years ( P < .001). No intraoperative or postoperative complications or adverse events occurred during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: The good long-term outcomes found in this study support the use of this lens with a central port design for the correction of moderate to high myopia. [ J Refract Surg . 2019;35(3):169–176.]
Modeling of Annular Gate MOS Transistors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Enclosed layout is an effective way to mitigate radiation induced leakage current in NMOS transistors. The unconventional shape of such device makes modeling a challenging task. Evaluation of equivalent aspect ratio estimation is complicated by additional stress effects, such as STI stress. We incorporate the STI stress effect into simulation for enclosed layout transistor in order to evaluate accuracy of two equivalent aspect ratio evaluation models: the well-known mid-line approximation and the recently introduced isosceles trapezoid approximation.
Attachment Styles and the Ideal Image of a Mate

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The study examines, within the framework of attachment theory, relationships of ideal images of young males with respect to their ideal image of a mate. A review of previous studies dealing with partner selection reveals the lack of a theoretical model that combines developmental processes and specific personality patterns with the process of creating an ideal image of the partner. The present study uses Facet Theory and Facet Design to construct a unified conceptual framework for the research in which attachment style and ideal image of the spouse are viewed as two modes of relating to one another. Intercorrelations among replies to the attachment and ideal image questionnaires were subjected to Smallest Space Analysis (SSA). The results indicate a relation between attachment style, the subjects' ideal image of a mate and the ideal images of oneself and one's mother. As predicted, persons with a secure style tended to have high levels of flexibility in their descriptions of the ideal image of the spouse. Males with insecure attachment styles exhibited different relational patterns of ideal image of themselves and their mothers. The SSA results suggest a hierarchic relation between attachment styles and the ideal image of a mate. These findings are consistent with the understanding that attachment styles affect the character and quality of the individual's romantic relationships.
Propaganda Masyumi Melalui Madjallah Islam Soeara Moeslimin Indonesia 1943-1945

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Penelitian ini membahas tentang propaganda yang \ndilakukan Masyumi melalui Madjallah Islam Soeara Moeslimin \nIndonesia 1943-1945. Permasalahan yang akan dijawab dalam \npenelitian ini adalah bagaimana isi propaganda Asia Timur Raya \nyang dilakukan Masyumi melalui majalah tahun 1943-1945 dan \nmengapa Masyumi sebagai organisasi Islam mau melakukan \npropaganda Asia Timur Raya dalam majalahnya. Dalam \npenelitian ini, penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif, sedangkan \nteknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini dilakukan melalui \nstudi pustaka. Pendekatan pada penelitian ini ialah politik dan \nilmu komunikasi serta menggunakan teori propaganda. \nAdapun temuan dalam penelitian ini adalah pertama, \nMadjallah Islam Soeara Moeslimin Indonesia merupakan \nmajalah Masyumi yang diterbitkan sebagai bentuk usaha \nMasyumi untuk mencapai tujuan, singkatnya yakni “memperkuat \nkesatuan semua organisasi Islam” dan “membantu Pemerintah \nmiliter Jepang dalam kepentingan Asia Timur Raya”. Kedua, \npada Madjallah Islam Soeara Moeslimin Indonesia ditemukan \nberbagai macam propaganda, di antaranya : propaganda \npeningkatan produksi hasil bumi, propaganda keprajuritan, \npropaganda bahasa Nippon, Propaganda pencegahan mata-mata \n“Awas mata-mata musuh”.
Research Article Decreased IL-27 Negatively Correlated with Th17 Cells in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Copyright © 2015 Minchao Duan et al.This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The presence of Th17 cells and IL-27 is observed in a variety of inflammatory associated cancers. However, there are some data on the role ofTh17 cells and IL-27 in the regulation of immune reactions in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).The aim of this study is to assess the variation ofTh17 cells and IL-27 in the peripheral blood (PB) of patients with NSCLC.The proportion ofTh17 cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was evaluated by flow cytometry. The serum concentrations of IL-27 and IL-17 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA expression of ROR
Norman operation “Overlord”: a second front or a two-front war

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The relevance of this research is determined by the current geopolitical situation, characterized by intensified attempts to falsify the history of World War II. In this context, an objective assessment of the impact of the opening of the Second Front in the European theater of operations on the overall victory over Nazism represents a key problem in contemporary military-historical science. One of the debatable problems of modern military-historical science is an objective assessment of the role and significance of the opening of the Second Front in the European theater of operations in the final defeat of the Nazi Germany's troops and its satellites. Generalization of the historiographical experience of studying the indicated problem, taking into account the source base available to researchers, allows us to identify the author's position on the stated topic. The purpose of the research is to provide a scientific assessment of the historical events related to the problem of the opening of the Second Front by the Allied forces of the Anti-Hitler Coalition. Objectives: To identify and systematize the key parameters characterizing the genesis, stages of preparation, dynamics of development, and effectiveness of the strategic operation “Overlord”. Methodology. The research is based on the fundamental principles of objectivity, historicism, and a systemic approach. A set of complementary general scientific and specifically historical methods was used in the process, including analytical, critical, problem-chronological, and retrospective analysis. Results. The article reveals the foundations of the military-historical view 80 years later on the Normandy strategic operation “Overlord” and raises the question of whether it was the opening of the Second Front or still a war against German troops on two fronts. Based on factual material, an assessment is given of historical events related to the problem of the opening of the Second Front by the Allied forces of the Anti-Hitler Coalition. The process of preparing this operation is presented, and the features of its course and significance for modernity are shown. Conclusions. During Operation Overlord, not only new means of armed struggle were used, but advanced elements of military art were also embodied: strategic deterrence, misleading the enemy, operational camouflage, and joint landing of air and sea assaults. All these elements are still widely used in the theory and practice of military affairs.
Multi-gene custom panels for the characterisation of metastatic colorectal carcinoma in clinical practice: express the role of PIK3CA mutations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims In metastatic colorectal carcinomas (mCRC), RAS / RAF genes mutations are first tested to determine the eligibility for anti-EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) therapy in combination with conventional cytotoxic agents. Recent advancements in next-generation sequencing (NGS) have highlighted the potential of multi-gene panels. This multi-gene analysis may provide useful information for the molecular characterisation of mCRC, other than the status of RAS/RAF genes. Aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of two NGS custom multi-gene panels in the characterisation of CRC cases and evaluating the relevance of PIK3CA mutation in a routine cohort of consecutive CRC cases. Methods A total of 961 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens from two medical centres (Bologna and Naples) were analysed using two lab-developed NGS multi-gene panels. Results KRAS mutations (56.2%) were the more frequent alterations observed in our cohort. Intriguingly, PIK3CA mutations were more frequent (16.8%) than variants observed in the other two genes nowadays analysed in CRC clinical practice ( NRAS and BRAF , 4.2% and 9.6%, respectively). Moreover, in more than 10% of samples, coexistent mutations were detected in our cohort of CRC. Conclusions Our study demonstrates the feasibility and efficacy of lab-developed targeted multi-gene NGS panels in the clinical practice of CRC. Moreover, the data lead to hypothesise that PIK3CA mutations, together with those of RAS / BRAF , worth to be further investigated in clinical CRC specimens.
5. 'Got a date or something?': A corpus analysis of the role of humour and laughter in the workplace meetings of English language teachers

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter brings instances of humour and laughter into relief using a corpus of authentic institutional interaction of English language teachers in school staff meetings. Humour is used within the meetings as a means of showing mutual support and creating solidarity. The corpus also contains a large proportion of subversive humour, or humour which is directed against the institution, individuals in the group, the group itself and the students. Identifying humour in the data is not a simple case of finding instances of laughter or assuming that it signifies either the intention of the speaker to elicit laughter, or to be humorous.However, wherever humour is manifested, laughter frequently occurs. The methodological issue of identifying and transcribing humour is discussed.
Sub-Bandgap States in Lead-Halide Perovskites Revealed by two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Methylammonium lead halide perovskites possess excellent properties for photovoltaic applications, with the power conversion efficiency of solar cell devices based on them exceeding 22%. [1] Being solution processed semiconductors, it is widely expected that the crystal structure contains many more defects compared to well-grown semiconductors. Surprisingly however, typical effects from traps (low fill factor, low open circuit voltage, and strong non-radiative recombination) are not observed in their photophysical properties [2,3]. In this work, we study iodide and bromide perovskites with two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) with -10 fs pulses spectrally covering the bandgap and sub-bandgap regions. Even though in linear absorption the onset of the excitonic peak and the band edge are very sharp, in 2DES we observe an instantaneous bandgap signal following sub-bandgap excitation extending down to the limit of our spectral coverage. The superior sensitivity of 2DES to detect these sub-bandgap states is due to the fact that absorption to a sub-bandgap electron trap state creates a hole in the valence band, which in turn generates a bleach signal of the very bright bandgap transition. [4] This observation was made for methylammonium lead iodide and bromide perovkites, showing that not only sub-bandgap states do exist, but that they can be populated by direct absorption. We also use complementary transient absorption experiments with narrowband and broadband pulses to demonstrate that excitation above the bandgap creates an instantaneous transmission increase extending well below the bandgap. However, the dynamics of these signals do not show capture of conduction band electrons by the traps within the investigated timescales, which is consistent with other studies on high quality perovskites. [3,5].
Some refinements of real power form inequalities for convex functions via weak sub-majorization

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The main goal of this article, is to develop a general method for improving some new real power inequalities for convex and log-convex functions, which extends and unifies two recent and important results due to M. Sababheh [Linear Algebra Appl.506 (2016), 588-602] and D. Q. Huy et al. [Linear Algebra Appl.656 (2023), 368-384].Then by selecting some appropriate convex and log-convex functions, we obtain new mean inequalities for scalars and matrices, some new refinements and reverses of the Heinz and Hölder type inequalities for matrices.We get also some new and refined trace and numerical radius inequalities.
Epidemiological aspects of brain and head injuries treated at the Hospital Regional do Agreste de Pernambuco from 2006 to 2007

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To identify the prevalence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and related factors in victims treated at the Hospital Regional do Agreste de Pernambuco (HRA-PE) and characterize the sociodemographic profile of the victims. Method: This is a documentary study with individual data collection from hospital records of patients who were admitted to the HRA-PE with a diagnosis of TBI in the years 2006 and 2007. The variables studied were: prevalence of cases, origin of victims, sex, age, cause-related trauma and neurological symptoms from the Glasgow scale. Results: The sample consisted of records of 171 victims. The largest number of cases occurred in 2007, with 125 (73.1%) cases. Of the cases reported 139 (81.4%) were male, 92 (53.8%) were single and 45 (26.3%) were in the range of 21-30 years old. Falling was the cause of trauma in 52 (30.4%) cases, followed by 34 (19.9%) cases of motorcycle accidents. Vascular injuries occurred in 55 (32.2%) cases, with greater frequency then nerve and bone injuries, occurring in 39 (22.8%) and 34 (19.9%) cases, respectively. The average Glasgow Coma Scale was 11 + 4. Of the total sample surveyed, 20 (11.7%) patients were intoxicated at the time of trauma, 106 (62%) needed conservative treatment and 18 (10.5%) subsequently died. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of traumatic brain injury at the HRA-PE in the years 2006 and 2007, with a predominance of young single male victims. Alcohol consumption was found in a representative percentage of the victims and the most frequent injuries were caused by falls and motorcycle accidents.
Investigation of the Effectiveness of the Combined Couple Therapy for Couples on the Improvement of Intimacy and PTSD

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the combined approach of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on improving intimacy and reducing Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) caused by extramarital relations (EMR). This was a quasi-experimental research with a control group. The subjects were selected through multistage cluster sampling. Twenty - nine couples who were dealing with infidelity at the time of the research were selected and filled the PTSD scale and intimacy survey. Based on the results, it can be concluded that CCT is effective in improving intimacy and reduced PTSD caused by EMR.