jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Indigenous Knowledge use in seasonal weather forecasting in Tanzania : the case of semi-arid central Tanzania

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper is based on part of the findings of a PhD study that was carried out to determine how farmers have used indigenous knowledge (IK) to adapt to climate change and variability in the semi-arid region of central Tanzania. Two villages, Maluga and Chibelela, were used as the case studies. The study applied Rogers' (2003) Diffusion of Innovations theory and model. It adopted a predominantly qualitative approach and a post-positivist paradigm. The study population was made up of farmers, agricultural extension officers and the Climate Change Adaptation in Africa project manager. The principal data collection methods were interviews and focus group discussions. The qualitative data collected were subjected to content analysis whereas quantitative data were analysed with the help of SPSS to generate descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that the farmers in the two villages under study perceive conventional information on weather as unreliable and untimely. Consequently, the farmers turned to IK to predict weather patterns and make the necessary farming adjustments. It was established that uncertainty about seasonal weather forecasts is one of the most critical factors which forces farmers to continue using IK. Farmers' knowledge of birds, insects, plants, animals, wind direction and astronomical indicators is used to predict weather patterns. The recommendations include the provision of timely and accurate weather forecast information to the farmers to enhance their coping and adaptation strategies under varying climate conditions; and a clear policy framework on the dissemination of information related to weather patterns in rural Tanzania.
Faking handedness: Individual differences in ability to fake handedness, social cognitions of the handedness of others, and a forensic application using Bayes’ theorem

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

People usually describe their handedness honestly, but that need not necessarily be the case. A legal case is described of a murder said by the pathologist to be committed by a left-hander but the defendant claimed to be right-handed, and the first author assessed the defendant's handedness as an expert witness. We know of no previous work on faking handedness, and so we tested 30 right-handers and 25 left-handers on various handedness tasks, and then asked the participants to repeat the tasks while faking being of opposite handedness. Social cognitions of handedness were assessed from participants' knowledge of how other right- and left-handers would answer handedness questionnaires. Fake handedness was best differentiated using cursive lower-case sentence writing, upper-case written letters being less good at distinguishing, as also were simple motor tasks. Participants differed in social cognitions of handedness, and those with more accurate social cognitions were better able to fake. Personality measures did not predict faking ability. For forensic purposes a Bayesian analysis was carried out to evaluate the likelihood of right and left hand performance being true rather than faked, and the cursive lower-case writing provided strong posterior odds that, as claimed, the particular defendant was a true right-hander.
CFD Modeling the Cooling Stage of Reflow Soldering Process

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Reflow soldering is one of the most widespread soldering technologies used in the electronics industry. It is a method of attaching surface components to a circuit board with solder paste. The goal of the reflow process is to melt the solder and heat the adjoining surfaces, without overheating and damaging the electrical components. In the present study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to investigate the convection flow field during the cooling reflow process stage. The convection heat-transfer coefficient and temperature distribution within the board level were also studied. The analysis comprises three main objectives: (1) the simulation of the cooling process of a PCB in the final section of the reflow oven; (2) the calculation of the heat transfer from the PCB to the air as the PCB moves throughout the woven; and (3) use a “dummy” PCB with two generic components with different dimensions and analyze the heat dissipation. The geometry definition, the mesh generation, as well as the numerical simulations were carried out using the Workbench™ platform from ANSYS® 15. It was programmed an UDF to represent the relative motion between the PCB and the cooling air flow. Results shown that, during the cooling process, there is a gradient over the PCB board. It is also observed that there is a small differentiation in the temperatures’ profile along the board length probably because of the formation of recirculation areas inside the oven. Thus, nozzle spacing has a great impact in the formation of those recirculation areas, and consequently in heat dissipation.
ON THE POSITION OF INFL IN OLD ENGLISH

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we attempt to determine the underlying word order of Old English (OE) including the position of INFL. We will show that Early OE and Late OE are SOVI (S-VP-I) and SIOV (S-I-VP) languages, respectively, pointing out a striking difference in the distribution of stressless pronouns between them. On the basis of the underlying word order change in the history of English, we will propose a principle regulating word order change, which we call here the Principle of Parameter Percolation (PPP).
A branding model for web search engines

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In this research, we conduct a comprehensive investigation of branding of web search engines, examining the effects brand image, brand knowledge, and brand relationship. Our research aim is to investigate the effect of brands on users’ perception of search engine performance in order to provide insights on search engines as services in this unique marketplace. We use a survey of 207 participants for data collection and structural equation modelling. Our findings revealed users’ brand relationship with a search engine has a direct effect on their perception of performance by increasing satisfaction and trust, whereas their brand knowledge about a search engine has an indirect effect by combining with the existence of a brand relationship. This finding indicates that customers value their relationship with certain brands more than the users’ knowledge of that brand when evaluating the performance of search engines. Our results also show that the impact of trust on performance perception for search engines is not as significant as satisfaction, although trust is a major element in relationship marketing. The study has implications for those investigating the search engine marketplace and practitioners of established and emerging search engine companies.
Dante’s Poem of Fire

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In Dante’s Divina Commedia (Divine Comedy), the journey through the universe represents the integration of the human intellect into the cosmos as it was envisaged at the fourteenth-century apogee of the Classical worldview. The cosmic ladder of Dante’s work stretches fully from the top to the bottom of that universe. Characteristically of afterlife narratives, there are two types of space in Dante’s Commedia. The universe that is traversed in Dante’s journey is also set forth in a revelatory vision toward the end of the work, at Paradiso XXVIII. In our final chapter, we concentrate on this vision, which is both a culmination of the afterlife vision we’ve seen elsewhere in the book, and a departure from it. Whereas the vision we see earlier is a vehicle toward psychic harmonization, the vision in Dante explores not merely the need for psychic harmonization but the difficulties of it. This is done through a series of complexifying and interlocking images, of mirror and reflection, music, rhythm and note. All of these images fall short in expressing the goal of harmony of soul and universe. Psychic harmonization can only be achieved, finally, at the price of silence. When the soul is harmonized with the universe, it is undifferentiated from it. We can no longer speak of the universe as of something outside ourselves. Thus Dante’s poem falls silent.
A SECURITY FRAMEWORK IN CLOUD COMPUTING INFRASTRUCTURE

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In a typical cloud computing diverse facilitating components like hardware, software, firmware, networking, and services integrate to offer different computational facilities, while Internet or a private network (or VPN) provides the required backbone to deliver the services. The security risks to the cloud system delimit the benefits of cloud computing like “on-demand, customized resource availability and performance management”. It is understood that current IT and enterprise security solutions are not adequate to address the cloud security issues. This paper explores the challenges and issues of security concerns of cloud computing through different standard and novel solutions. We propose analysis and architecture for incorporating different security schemes, techniques and protocols for cloud computing, particularly in Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) and Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) systems. The proposed architecture is generic in nature, not dependent on the type of cloud deployment, application agnostic and is not coupled with the underlying backbone. This would facilitate to manage the cloud system more effectively and provide the administrator to include the specific solution to counter the threat. We have also shown using experimental data how a cloud service provider can estimate the charging based on the security service it provides and security-related cost-benefit analysis can be estimated.
Homogeneous Catalyzed Aryl–Aryl Cross-Couplings in Flow

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Aryl–aryl cross-coupling reactions are important reactions for the production of various biaryl compounds. This short review covers the various aryl–aryl cross-coupling reactions carried out in flow, focusing on the metal species of the aryl nucleophiles used in the cross-coupling reactions. 1 Introduction 2 Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling (B) 3 Migita–Kosugi–Stille Coupling (Sn) 4 Negishi Coupling (Zn) 5 Kumada–Tamao–Corriu Coupling (Mg) 6 Murahashi Coupling (Li) 7 Conclusion
Leadership: A communicative perspective

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper reviews the literature on communication in organizations most relevant to the study of leadership. Although leadership communication research has a history of significant overlap with leadership psychology, the value commitments of a communicative orientation now find expression in a large body of extant literature that this paper reviews. These value commitments, which cross several theoretical paradigms, serve as the organizing framework for this paper. The paper concludes with a research agenda for future leadership communication research.
A Case of Idiopathic Dilatation of the Colon

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

IDIOPATHIC DILATATION OF COLON.[TH BDIJo 77 incision was employed with no cross division of muscle or aponeurotic fibres.And, lastly, that while the number of cases is possibly too few to admit of a very positive state.ment-9 in all-where the incision had to be carried either upwards or downwards, it seems probable that downward extension is more likely to be followed by a bulging cicatrix than upward.CONCLUSIONS. 1.That, where proper precautions are taken to protect the general peritoneal cavity, this method of operating admits of every abscess being opened and every appendix sought for and removed with perfect safety.Cases of Uncomplicated Appendical Abscess Treated with Pure Carbolic Acid and Iodoform.
A Case of Capillary Hemangioma of Lingular Segmental Bronchus in Adult

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Capillary hemangioma of the tracheobronchial tree is an extremely rare benign tumor in adults, especially those located in the bronchus. Characteristics and treatment of capillary hemangiomas of adult tracheobronchial trees have not been well known. We present a 61-year-old man with hemoptysis, which was caused by a small tiny nodule in the left lingular segmental bronchus. The nodule was removed by a forcep biopsy, via flexible bronchoscopy, and it was revealed to be capillary hemangioma. A small isolated endobronchial capillary hemangioma can be treated with excisional forcep biopsy, but a risk of massive bleeding should not be overlooked.
Swelled Leg After Fever

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SWELLED LEG AFTER FEVER.207 two grains per day, until the boy took sixteen grains in twenty-four hours; on the sixth day absorption commenced, and by the twentieth the knee was little larger than natural.The effects of the remedy were excessive alvine eyacuations; great diminution in the strength and quickness of the pulse; weakness of the voice; profuse nocturnal perspirations; and the ap- pearance of a leaden colored circle around the eyes; the appetite was good; the urine scanty; and at no time during its exhibition was there the least inclination to vomit.To the tartar emetic I ascribe the boy's recovery, and as the remedy to me was quite new, I feel it my duty to give it the publicity which it de- serves, in the confident expectation that some of your numerous readers may be induced to give it a further trial.Gomersal, near Leeds, Nov. 30, 1842.
Command and Control of Nongovernmental Organizations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Since the end of Wodd War lithe military and nongovemmental organizations (NGOs) have shared operating space. Although in existence since the mid to late 18OO's nongovernmental organizations or relief organizations as they were more commonly known and military operations did not overlap. The military conducted wars and NGOs came in and relieved the human suffering caused by events either prior to war or because of war. Each organization formed opinions of the other and generally avoided each other. This was the status quo until the late 198O's. The U.S. military deployed to places like Somalia and Rwanda to assist in humanitarian operations and to Afghanistan and Iraq to conduct more conventional military operations. Across the spectrum of military operations soldiers increasing find themselves sharing an area of operations (AOR) with one or more NGOs. NGOs are important players in the international community. Coordination of all participants in a crowded and often complex environment is important to ensure the military accomplishes its mission as prescribed by the President. It is equally important that NGOs are positioned to safely and effectively achieve their humanitarian objectives. Both the U.S. military and the bulk of the NGO community appreciate the necessity for some form of communication and coordination. The current situation has multiple independent agencies and organizations operating in complex often violent civil-military operations and competing for information infrastructure and influence over the local population. These organizations are interdependent yet operate independently in the same space. The military and Nongovernmental organizations must continue to educate each other on their operational methods their sensitivities and their expectations of the other during operations.
Evaluation of a pilot programme on diagnostic thoracic ultrasound curriculum for acute care physiotherapists

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction/purpose Diagnostic thoracic ultrasound is increasingly being used by non‐physicians; hence, we evaluated a curriculum for acute care physiotherapists in critical care. Methods The one‐day course included didactic lectures combined with expert‐led hands‐on training. Participants undertook pre‐ and post‐course knowledge questionnaire covering key ultrasound findings for normal lungs, pleural and pulmonary pathologies. Course participants who worked at the institution where the course was undertaken undertook a practical examination. We also did a 4‐ to 6‐week follow‐up survey of participants. The pretest and post‐test questionnaire and survey results were reported using descriptive statistics (means SD or median and IQR ). Results A total of 12 acute care physiotherapists undertook the training and questionnaire scores (mean percentage, SD , 95% CI ) increased from 73.3 ± 15.5% (63.4–83.2) before the training to 86.3 ± 5.5% (82.8–89.8) after training. Discussion This diagnostic thoracic ultrasound training course resulted in improvements of diagnostic thoracic ultrasound knowledge including lung and pleural pathology image recognition skills in a small group of acute care physiotherapists with nil previous diagnostic thoracic ultrasound skills. Two‐thirds of the participants who responded to the survey undertook only one to three scans in clinical practice, and the most frequent barrier to clinical use of diagnostic thoracic ultrasound was time constraints. Conclusion Further investigation of such a diagnostic thoracic ultrasound training programme on knowledge and skills retention and image acquisition and interpretation in real life clinical practice in a larger group of acute care physiotherapists is warranted.
Experimental Study on Anti-inflammatory Effect of Water-extract of Breynia fruticosa

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of water-extract of Breynia fruticosa,and to provide scientific experiment evidence for clinical applications.Methods Various inflammatory models,including the ear edema induced by xylene in mice,the increase of capillary permeability induced by acetic acid in mice were used to explore the anti-inflammatory of water-extract of Breynia fruticosa.Results Compared with control group,high and low doses of Breynia fruticosa could significantly inhibit ear edema,and both doses of Breynia fruticosa could significantly inhibit the increase of capillary permeability.Conclusion The water-extract of Breynia fruticosa has significant anti-inflammatory effect.
Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy based on body image on sexual satisfaction and marital adjustment of married infertile women

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Aim: The aim was to determine effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy based on body image on sexual satisfaction and marital adjustment of infertile women. Methods: Method was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and follow-up with control group and statistical population was infertile women referred to 26 infertility treatment centers in Tehran in 2017 who, according to body multidimensional questionnaire’s Cash (1994) were dissatisfied with their body image. 30 infertile woman were selected using a two stage cluster sampling method and were placed randomly in two experimental and control groups. In this way, two centers namely, Hilal Ahmar Rooyesh and Khatam Ol-Anbiya were selected and participants were randomly selected from these centers and completed two questionnaires Larsson's (1976) Sexual Satisfaction Scale and Spinner's (1998) Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy based on body image, based on previous research by Cash and Strachan (2002) and Rosen, Saltzberg and Srebnik (1998) was implemented in experimental group once a week in nine sessions of 90 minutes duration. Data was analyzed using analysis of mixed variance with repeated measures. Results: Results showed significant difference between experimental and control groups in increased sexual satisfaction (F= 6.173, P= 0.019) and marital adjustment (F= 4.768, P= 0.039) scores in posttest and two month follow-up. Conclusion: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy of body image leads to self-confidence in sexual relationships and improves sexual satisfaction and marital adjustment of infertile women. This may occur as a result of modifying negative beliefs about physical appearance and replacing them with positive thoughts.
[Therapeutic effects of high dose chemotherapy combined with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for neural ectodermal solid tumor originated from neural crest in children].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

High dose chemotherapy combined with APBSCT can result in a good outcome in children with neural ectodermal solid tumor originated from neural crest in complete remission before transplantation and can improve the outcome in patients in partial remission before transplantation. However, the children with PNET, even in complete remission before transplantation, do not respond to the therapy.
An open label phase II trial of glufosfamide: A β-D-glucose-linked isophosphoramide mustard given as 1-hour infusion in patients with advanced breast cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

646 Background: Glufosfamide (Glufo) is a new alkylating agent in which the active metabolite is linked to β-D-glucose to target the glucose transporter system and increase intracellular uptake in tumor cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity and the safety profile of Glufo administered as 2nd line chemotherapy in patients (pts) with metastatic and inoperable breast cancer. Methods: Pts received 5000 mg/m2 of Glufo as a 1-hour infusion every 3 weeks. Anti-tumor activity was assessed according to RECIST criteria and toxicity according to CTC 2.0. The study was approved by the appropriate ethical committees and pts gave written informed consent. Results: Twenty-two pts were included over a 20-month period and all pts received treatment (median age 51 years, WHO performance status 0/1/2: 1/9/12 pts). A total of 42 treatment cycles were administered in 22 pts. Anti-tumor activity: Partial response was observed in 3 of 22 pts (14%) for the ITT population (PP population 3 of 11 pts). Eight of 22 pts (36%) had stable disease. All responders previously failed cyclophoshpamide therapy. Safety profile: Myelotoxicity was generally mild not exceeding CTC grade 2. A decrease of creatinine clearance to CTC grade 3 was observed in 2 pts. Other CTC grade 3 adverse events "likely" or "not assessable " related to Glufo were vomiting (4 pts), fatigue (1 pt), and neuritis (1 pt). The most frequently observed adverse reaction was nausea, effecting 13 pts, but not exceeding grade 2. No hematuria was observed. Conclusions: Glufo administered as 2nd line chemotherapy revealed anti-tumor activity in breast cancer pts who had previously received an alkylator. Myelotoxicity toxicity was particularly mild. Monitoring of renal function was required. Taken together, our data indicate activity of Glufo in advanced breast cancer and warrant further investigation. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Threshold Pharmaceuticals Threshold Pharmaceuticals Threshold Pharmaceuticals
Reexamining the Racial Record of Abraham Lincoln

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Since his death in 1865 Abraham Lincoln has been universally honored in black America. In many black homes and businesses, his photograph often hangs in honor next to the one of Martin Luther King Jr. But a new book by Ebony editor Lerone Bennett Jr. contends that Lincoln was a crude bigot who told demeaning darky jokes, had an unquenchable thirst for minstrel shows, consistently used the word "nigger," and supported efforts to ship Negroes back to Africa.\nAs Jack E. White pointed out in a recent Time magazine article, this book largely has been ignored by the mainstream press. The book was not reviewed in The Washington Post, The New Yorker, The Chicago Tribune, or USA Today. \nJBHE [Journal of Blacks in Higher Education] asked a group of leading Lincoln scholars for their opinions of the Bennett book and the controversy surrounding its publication. Here are the replies: