jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Islam and mystical movements in post-independence Indonesia : Susila Budhi Dharma (Subud) and its doctrines

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This thesis deals with the rise of mystical movements (Aliran Kebatinan) in post-independence Indonesia, focusing on Susila Budhi Dharma (Subud), founded in 1925 by Muhammad Subuh. Despite that Subuh had been raised as a Javanese man and was heavily influenced by Javanese culture, he also learned from a S&dotbelow;ufi master who introduced him to certain fundamental concepts of Islamic mysticism. The aim of this thesis is therefore to observe the possible influences on Subud doctrine from both Javanese and Islamic mystical traditions. The major themes of this thesis are three in number: first, to discuss the historical background of the emergence of mystical movements in Java, and to present two mystical movements; second, to give a brief account of Muhammad Subuh's biography and the basic concepts of Subud; and lastly, to analyze Subud theories and practices and see its relation to both Javanese and Islamic mystical traditions.
Identifying Opportunities for Web Services Security Performance Optimizations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

WS-Security is an essential component of the Web services protocol stack. WS-Security provides end-to-end security properties, thereby assuring the participation of non-secure transport intermediaries in message exchanges, a key advantage in Web-based systems. However, compared to point-to-point secure messaging with TLS, WS-Security has a significant performance penalty. In this paper, we identify several opportunities for optimizing WS-Security.
Low-Temperature Degradation of Aflatoxins via Oxygen Plasma: Kinetics and Mechanism Driven by Atomic Oxygen Flux

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Aflatoxins are toxic organic substances that are synthesized on the surfaces of seeds, nuts, and similar products by some fungi under elevated humidity. They decompose at temperatures well above 130 °C, so standard heating or autoclaving is an obsolete technique for the degradation of toxins on surfaces without significant modification of the treated material. Non-equilibrium plasma was used to degrade aflatoxins at low temperatures and determine the efficiency of O atoms. A commercial mixture of aflatoxins was deposited on smooth substrates, and the solvent was evaporated so that about a 3 nm thick film of dry toxins remained on the substrates. The samples were exposed to low-pressure oxygen plasma sustained by an inductively coupled radiofrequency (RF) discharge in either the E or H mode. The gas pressure was 20 Pa, the forward RF power was between 50 and 700 W, and the O-atom flux was between 1.2 × 1023 and 1.5 × 1024 m−2 s−1. Plasma treatment caused the rapid degradation of aflatoxins, whose concentration was deduced from the fluorescence signal at 455 nm upon excitation with a monochromatic source at 365 nm. The degradation was faster at higher discharge powers, but the degradation curves fitted well when plotted against the dose of O atoms. The experiments showed that the aflatoxin concentration dropped below the detection limit of the fluorescence probe after receiving the O-atom dose of just above 1025 m−2. This dose was achieved within 10 s of treatment in plasma in the H mode, and approximately a minute when plasma was in the E mode. The method provides a low-temperature solution for the efficient detoxification of agricultural products.
Research on Linear and Nonlinear Prediction in Coal Blending

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Prediction models of blended coal properties are established based on linear weighting method、linear fitting method、BP neural network and Elman neural network.Compared the results of these four methods to understand the relationship of coal properties between blended coal and single coal.Qnet.ar、Mad、AAD and Sad from the results show linear.Among them,the results of linear fitting method is better than that of linear weighting method when predicting Qnet.ar、Mad and Sad;The prediction result of Vad shows nonlinear and Elman neural network is the best method to predict it.
Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on the naked oat production performance

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effect of different nitrogen and phosphorus 1evels on the plant height,stalk yield,seed yield,spikes,seed weight per plant,seeds of each spike and weight per 1 000 seeds of naked oat(Avena sativa var.4600) were researched in this study.The results showed that,excluding its plant height,the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization had a significant effect on each index of naked oat(P0.05),seed yield and stalk yield increased with the fertilizer levels increasing from 0 to 135 kg/hm2 N or from 0 to 90 kg/hm2 P.Seed yield and grass yield were 3 400 kg/hm2 and 20 700 kg/hm2 for N90P90 and N135P90 plots,respectively.A positive correlation exhibited between seed yield and spikes or seed weight per plant or seeds of each spike or weight per 1000 seeds spikes(P0.01 or P0.05).Stalk yield or seed yield could be estimated by the following models,yg=16 380.76+14.811xN+32.272xP-0.015xN2-0.114xP2+0.026xNxP(R2=0.886***)or ys=2 597.605+12.369xN+4.277xP-0.067xN2-0.006xP2-0.020xNxP(R2=0.959***);where yg(kg/hm2) and ys(kg/hm2) are stalk yield and seed yield,respectively,and P(P2O5,kg/hm2) and N(kg/hm2) and P(P2O5,kg/hm2) are their fertilizer levels.
Secreted frizzled-related protein 1 gene polymorphisms and smoking in large artery atherosclerotic stroke

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective
To investigate the impact of secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP 1) gene polymorphisms and gene-smoking interactions on the risk of large artery atherosclerotic (LAA) stroke.

Methods
Two hundred and sixty-four patients diagnosed with LAA stroke and 228 healthy controls were enrolled from the Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from August 2016 to June 2017. The methods of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, combined with DNA sequencing, were used to detect the three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs: rs7832767, rs1127379, rs3242) in the SFRP 1 gene. Logistic regression was applied to analyze associations between SNPs and LAA stroke. Cross analysis of additive model was used to evaluate gene-smoking interactions.

Results
The genotype TT/CT and allele T of rs7832767 in case group were in higher frequency than that in controls (54.9% (145/264) vs 37.7% (86/228), OR=2.123, 95% CI 1.482-3.041, P<0.01; 33.9% (179/528)vs 20.0%(91/456), OR=2.057, 95% CI 1.536-2.755, P<0.01). However, the frequencies of genotypes and alleles in other SNPs (rs1127379, rs3242) showed no significant differences between cases and controls. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that TT/CT genotype was a risk factor for LAA stroke (OR=1.649, 95% CI 1.066-2.550, P=0.025). Moreover, SFRP 1 gene was not related to the distribution of cerebralvascular stenosis in LAA stroke patients. Additive model analysis showed significant interactions between rs7832767 and smoking (relative excess risk of interaction=2.442, 95% CI 0.281-4.603). Smokers with T allele of rs7832767 showed significantly increased risk of LAA stroke (OR=3.252, 95% CI 1.629-6.491, P=0.001). Whereas, no significant interaction was detected between rs3242 or rs1127379 and smoking.

Conclusion
The T allele of rs7832767 within SFRP 1 gene may be a risk factor of LAA stroke, and the interactions between rs7832767 and smoking can significantly increase the risk of LAA stroke.

Key words:
Stroke; Smoking; Atherosclerosis; Polymorphism, single nucleotide
Development of oxide-based all-solid-state batteries using aerosol deposition

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACTAerosol deposition (AD) is a ceramics coating technology that can be used at room temperature. AD does not use organic binders for the ceramics coating process, which reduces the amount of exhaust carbon dioxide. Additionally, AD realize fast and wide-area ceramics coating without heating the substrate. Thus, AD is an environmentally friendly ceramics coating process. AD has been already applied to various research fields including energy conversion devices such as rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and solid oxide fuel cells. Unique properties of AD are effective to investigate the fundamental properties of oxide-based all-solid-state batteries (Ox-SSBs) and possibly their productions. This paper reviews developments of Ox-SSBs using AD, mainly presenting our research.
Philosophy, race and sport

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter investigates how sport could be used as an educational tool in relation to race and racism because the inner logic of sport opposes racism and therefore implicitly functions as an antidote against it. It reviews the fundamental concepts of race and racism. Philosopher Robert L. Simon explores the relationship between sport and moral values in order to defend the educative potential of sport, and coins the term broad internalism for his favoured position: 'that there are values internal to sport and these values are supported by a broad understanding of the purposes and point of athletic competition'. Philosopher Drew Hyland argues that the competitive nature of sport works against racism: Imagine yourself at a playground basketball court. The virtuous blacksmith gained status and respect as a result of his ability to create, for example, efficient and useful weapons, and the virtuous soldier was one who made excellent use of such weapons in war.
Venture Capital: relations with the economy and intellectual property

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

textabstractThis thesis analyses venture capital (VC) investments under changing economic conditions and in relation to start-ups’ intellectual property (IP) filings. Studying the impact of the 2000-2001 dot-com crisis and the 2008-2009 financial crisis, the first part of this thesis investigates how a period of economic downturn affects VC activities across industries and countries.
The second part of this thesis examines VC-backed start-ups’ IP filings. The relationship between IP filings and start-up valuations by VCs is addressed. In addition, part two analyses the impact of VC funding on a start-up’s IP orientation, distinguishing between a trademark- and a patent orientated IP strategy. Findings show a strong link between economic conditions and funding stages, funded amounts, and syndication activities in the VC market. With regard to IP, this thesis shows that VCs attach significant value to start-ups’ trademark applications.
Critical Care Management of Neurotrauma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The critical care management of neurotrauma patients is very complex, requiring a strong knowledge base in both neurology and trauma surgery. This chapter is designed as a bridge for healthcare providers from different specialties, including residents and fellows, hospitalists, ICU physicians, and advanced practice providers seeing patients with neurotrauma in an intensive care unit setting, to be more familiar managing common issues encountered in this patient population. The chapter addresses core knowledge in trauma surgery, such as the ABCDE approach in trauma assessment, cervical spine management, hemorrhagic shock, the reversal of anticoagulants, chest tube management, abdominal and extremity compartment syndrome, and burn. The chapter also offers introductory comments about head injury, management of traumatic brain injury (TBI), intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), and intracranial pressure (ICP).
Commentary on Aristotle, ›Prior Analytics‹ (Book II)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study contributes substantially to research on Aristotelian logic in Byzantium. It includes a critical edition of the commentary by Leo Magentenos, the Metropolitan of Mytilene (twelfth c.?) on Book II of the Prior Analytics along with an edition of the syllogism diagram attributed to this work in the manuscript tradition of this work.
Green Products for Reducing the Viscosity of Heavy Oil

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The production of heavy oil has emerged as one of the great challenges of the oil industry today. The high viscosity, characteristic of these oils is linked to factors such as the presence of higher molecular weight components, asphaltenes, paraffins, resins and even due to emulsion stability. Highly emulsified oils are seen as a big problem because it directly affects the oil production and the costs involved to do it. Already the phase behavior of asphaltenes has been the subject of discussion in various jobs that match to recognize its complexity. Thus it is of utmost importance to develop new technologies that act reducing the viscosity and consequently reflecting in higher yields with lower costs. This study aimed to develop products that act reducing the viscosity, in operations where asphaltene dispersion and controlled droplet size of emulsified water from the system increased, so as to promote a significant reduction in viscosity with the use of environmentally products correct. A sample of oil used in the tests was from an exploratory field onshore Colombia. Products containing mixtures of different green chemical-polymeric agents with the intention of promoting a multifunctional and excellent synergy with the proposed system were developed. The analyzes were performed oil viscosity in a Haake RS 600, wherein the oil had its SARA and its water content measured by Karl Fischer. The results obtained with viscosity reduction were highly significant and promising, as the oil used in this study, no previous treatment had a viscosity of approximately 180000 cP, and after the development and application of the product is reached viscosities of up to 25 cP, while optimizing the process of demulsification end of oil.
Consumers’ ability to identify a surplus when returns to attributes are nonlinear

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Previous research in multiple judgment domains has found that nonlinear functions are typically processed less accurately than linear ones. This empirical regularity has potential implications for consumer choice, given that nonlinear functions (e.g., diminishing returns) are commonplace. In two experimental studies we measured precision and bias in consumers’ ability to identify surpluses when returns to product attributes were nonlinear. We hypothesized that nonlinear functions would reduce precision and induce bias toward linearization of nonlinear relationships. Neither hypothesis was supported for monotonic nonlinearities. However, precision was greatly reduced for products with nonmonotonic attributes. Moreover, assessments of surplus were systematically and strongly biased, regardless of the shape of returns and despite feedback and incentives. The findings imply that consumers use a flexible but coarse mechanism to compare attributes against prices, with implications for the prevalence of costly mistakes.
Bis(1H-benzimidazole-κN 3)bis(naphthalene-2-acetato-κ2 O,O′)cadmium(II) monohydrate

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The Cd II ion of the title mononuclear complex, [Cd(C 12 H 9 O 2 ) 2 (C 7 H 6 N 2 ) 2 ]·H 2 O, lies on a crystallographic twofold rotation axis and is in a distorted trigonal prismatic coordination enivironment, involving four carboxylate O atoms from two chelating naphthaleneacetate ligands and two N atoms from two benzimidazole ligands. In the crystal structure, intermolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking interactions give rise to a one-dimensional chain structure. The solvent water molecule also lies on a crystallographic twofold rotation axis.
The Relationship between S-25(OH) Vitamin D Concentrations and Insulin Sensitivity in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and aims: \nSeveral studies describe an association between vitamin D and glucose metabolism, however data are ambiguous. We aimed to study the relationship between serum levels of 25(OH) vitamin D and insulin action in subjects with type 2 diabetes and hypovitaminosis D.\n\nMethods: \nTwenty-six subjects with type 2 diabetes and hypovitaminosis D, recruited from the DIVINE study (Diabetes Intervention Trial with Vitamin D in Subjects of Sub-Indian and Nordic Ethnicity), were included in the present analysis. Insulin action was measured as homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMAIR) and with the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic glucose clamp method.\nResults: Subjects had a mean age of 57 years, a mean BMI of 31,1 kg/m2 and a median S-25(OH) vitamin D of 39 nmol/l. S -25(OH) vitamin D did not correlate with measures of insulin action and was not significantly different between subjects of Nordic and South-Asian ethnicity.\n\nConclusions: \nS-25(OH) vitamin D did not correlate significantly with any measures of insulin action in subjects with hypovitaminosis D and type 2 diabetes. Possibly, a study including more subjects can detect such a relationship.
EVALUASI METODOLOGI DESAIN DALAM SIMULASI PERANCANGAN ULANG SISTEM TANDA UNTUK PENGGUNA TRANSPORTASI UMUM

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A design methodology is an important aspect of design. In hopes to develop the design methodology’s pedagogy in the Visual Communication Design Department of Universitas Pelita Harapan (VCD UPH), the author conducted a classroom action research to evaluate results of design methodology analysis of final assignment projects in VCD UPH. The project that is featured in this article is a signage system redesign for Transjakarta by Triska, in which several students in the Design Methodology class evaluate the methodology. For the evaluation, Triska’s methodology is framed by the design process model of Robin Landa. The result of the evaluation shows several points that can be added from Triska’s methodology to make it better. From the study, it is shown that design methodology learning can be conducted through analysis and evaluation of a design methodology of a design project. The learning method is possible to be implemented for the bachelor level of design programs. Though the pedagogy demonstrated in this article is still in its preliminary phase, it can later be further developed after more studies and the second cycle of research had been done by the author.
Association between cardiopulmonary bypass time and clinical outcomes among patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome after cardiac surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) can lead to lung injury and even acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) through triggering systemic inflammatory response. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of CPB time on clinical outcomes in patients with ARDS after cardiac surgery. Methods: Totally, patients with ARDS after cardiac surgery in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January 2005 to December 2015 were retrospectively included and were further divided into three categories according to CPB time during operation. The primary endpoints were the ICU mortality and in-hospital mortality, and ICU and hospital stay. Restricted cubic spline (RCS), logistic regression, cox regression model, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were adopted to explore the relationship between CPB time and clinical endpoints. Results: Of the 54217 patients who underwent cardiac surgery during the above period, 210 patients developed ARDS after surgery and were finally included. The ICU mortality and in-hospital mortality were 21.0% and 41.9% in all ARDS patients after cardiac surgery respectively. Patients in category3 (CPB time ≥ 173 minutes) had longer ICU stay ( P =0.011), higher ICU ( P <0.001) mortality and in-hospital( P =0.002) mortality compared with those in category1 (CPB=0). For each ten minutes increment in CPB time, the hazards of a worse outcome increased by 13.3% for ICU mortality and 9.3% for in-hospital mortality after adjusting for potential factors.ROC curves showed CPB time presented more satisfactory power to predict mortality compared with APCHEII score. The optimal cut-off value of CPB time were 160.5 minutes for ICU mortality and in-hospital mortality. Conclusion: Our findings firstly revealed the quantitative relationship between CPB time and clinical outcomes in patients with ARDS after cardiac surgery. Longer time of CPB was associated with poorer clinical outcomes, and could be served as an indicator to predict short-term mortality in patients with ARDS after cardiac surgery.
Coordination of Emergency Response: An Examination of the Roles of People, Process, and Information Technology

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Coordination management plays an important role in emergency response as it resolves the complex and dynamic interdependences among actors, resources, information, and decision making. Review of current emergency response practice suggests that emergency coordination is an understudied research area and new knowledge in this area is of high importance. In this chapter, we examine the roles of people, process, and information technology and their impacts on emergency coordination. Through a case study of Snowstorm 2006 in western New York, we demonstrate their practical operation and evaluate their individual performance. Further, we summarize the important lessons learned in the management of these factors and propose solutions. Also included in the chapter is a detailed discussion of one cutting-edge emergency response system named DisasterLAN, through which we demonstrate how modern response systems are designed and in what ways they facilitate emergency coordination.
Proposal for a Global Fund for Women through Innovative Finance

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Despite the spread of budget initiatives for gender equality following the Beijing Declaration of 1995, resources allocated for eliminating gender inequalities remain inadequate. This paper proposes to create a Global Fund for Women through Innovative Finance (GFWIF) with the ability to raise funds through innovative sources of finance on a scale more appropriate to the estimated requirements of making reasonable progress toward gender equality (US$31–107 billion per year in constant 2014 dollars). It builds on previous calls by feminist economists for the establishment of such funds through global forms of taxation. Since donors’ commitments only meet the lower bound, the GFWIF could scale up funding for gender equality interventions commensurate with country needs. Global resource mobilization through innovative mechanisms, including allocations of new Special Drawing Rights, currency transaction taxes, and carbon taxes, have the potential to provide the necessary financing at a much faster pace than is currently possible.
İSKELETSEL 2. SINIF DİSPLAZİLERİN EVAA APAREYİ İLE KOMBİNE FONKSİYONEL - SABİT TEDAVİSİ

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Functional appliances are widely used in the treatment of growing patients with skeletal Class 2 malocclusions. Many Class 2 cases also require a stage of treatment with fixed appliances preceding or following functional therapy. In order to introduce EVAA functional appliances, discuss its efficiency and the clinical problem encountered two patients having skeletal Class 2 malocclusion mostly due to the retrognathic mandible and treated simultaneously with fixed and EVAA appliances were presented. It seems reasonable to assume that the simultaneous use of fixed and EVAA appliances in the treatment of skeletal Class 2 and dentoalveolar malocclusions is at least as effective as the other functional appliances.