jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mycobacterium scrofulaceum disease: experience from a tertiary medical centre and review of the literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction:Mycobacterium scrofulaceum infection has been identified in cases of paediatric cervical lymphadenitis but is less well defined in adults. To further characterize manifestations of M. scrofulaceum disease and treatment approaches, we reviewed our medical centre's experience and other published reports. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients at our medical centre with a positive M. scrofulaceum culture over a 15-year period. We compare our findings with those published in the literature to identify commonalities in disease presentations and treatment outcomes. Results: We identified 17 patients in our centre with positive M. scrofulaceum cultures, 10 of whom were diagnosed with clinical infection. The types of disease encountered included pulmonary and pleural infection (4), bone and joint infections with a foreign body (2), skin and soft tissue infection (2), brain abscess (1) and paediatric cervical adenitis (1). Structural lung disease was a common finding in cases of pulmonary infection. All adult patients except those with bone and joint infections had some type of immunomodulatory condition and/or structural lung disease. In seven patients, M. scrofulaceum was isolated in urinary or respiratory cultures without signs of clinical disease. Conclusion:M. scrofulaceum is a rare cause of non-tuberculosis mycobacterial infection in humans but can infect any tissue. Adults with pulmonary disease often have underlying structural lung disease, and those with extrapulmonary disease commonly have immunosuppressive conditions or foreign body-associated infections. Treatment outcomes are generally favourable; however, in patients with pulmonary M. scrofulaceum disease prognosis is more guarded.
LOCALIZED INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM SIGNALING IN MUSCLE: Calcium Sparks and Calcium Quarks

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

▪ Abstract Subcellularly localized Ca 2+ signals in cardiac and skeletal muscle have recently been identified as elementary Ca 2+ signaling events. The signals, termed Ca 2+ sparks and Ca 2+ quarks, represent openings of Ca 2+ release channels located in the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). In cardiac muscle, the revolutionary discovery of Ca 2+ sparks has allowed the development of a fundamentally different concept for the amplification of Ca 2+ signals by Ca 2+ -induced Ca 2+ release. In such a system, a graded amplification of the triggering Ca 2+ signal entering the myocyte via L-type Ca 2+ channels is accomplished by a recruitment process whereby individual SR Ca 2+ release units are locally controlled by L-type Ca 2+ channels. In skeletal muscle, the initial SR Ca 2+ release is governed by voltage-sensors but subsequently activates additional Ca 2+ sparks by Ca 2+ -induced Ca 2+ release from the SR. Results from studies on elementary Ca 2+ release events will improve our knowledge of muscle Ca 2+ signaling at all levels of complexity, from the molecule to normal cellular function, and from the regulation of cardiac and skeletal muscle force to the pathophysiology of excitation-contraction coupling.
Promoting Demand for Organic Food Under Preference and Income Heterogeneity

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We examine the design of policies for promoting the consumption of green products under preference and income heterogeneity using organic products as an example. Two instruments are considered: a price subsidy for the organic products and a tax on the conventional products. Under income disparity, consumers with high income always prefer a socially optimal subsidy to a socially optimal tax, while low-income consumers prefer a tax on conventional products. When environmental policy is determined by the median voter, the policies implemented tend to be stricter than socially optimal policies if income differences are large.
Progress on Research and Utilization of bmr Sorghum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sorghum, as one of forage crops, has won great attention in many countries and regions all over the world. Due to its characteristics of strong drought resistance and high water use efficiency, sorghum has become the most predominant forage crops in arid areas. The lignin content of bmr sorghum is 5%～50% lower than that of normal sorghum. Low lignin content can improve palatability and increase digestibility of forage. Therefore, it has aroused extensive attention by sorghum breeders all over the world. Great progress has been made in improving forage production, its quality, feeding efficiency and about the gene of bmr sorghum. The bmr gene has been successfully transferred into normal sorghum and sudangrass. BMR hybrid forage variety with high yield, superior quality has been released and produced commercially. It has a bright prospect for utilization.
Error analysis of staggered finite difference finite volume schemes on unstructured meshes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This work combines the consistency in lower‐order differential operators with external approximations of functional spaces to obtain error estimates for finite difference finite volume schemes on unstructured nonuniform meshes. This combined approach is first applied to a one‐dimensional elliptic boundary value problem on nonuniform meshes, and a first‐order convergence rate is obtained, which agrees with the results previously reported. The approach is also applied to the staggered Marker‐and‐Cell scheme for the two‐dimensional incompressible Stokes problem on unstructured meshes. A first‐order convergence rate is obtained, which improves over a previously reported result in that it also holds on unstructured meshes. For both problems considered in this work, the convergence rate is one order higher on meshes satisfying special requirements. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 33: 1159–1182, 2017
HEL Phase Control

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : This report summarizes progress toward a solution to the problem of HEL control-loop instability in the presence of thermal blooming. Current phase-control-loop structure is analyzed, and a dual-loop structure is proposed. A correspoding closed-loop phase-compensation control algorithm is also proposed, and its fundamental requirements identified. Because the key subsystem impacted by the control algorithm is the HEL deformable mirror, considerable attention is paid to adaptive-optics deformable-mirror requirements for both continuous-wave and pulsed lasers. (Author)
Efficient Property Rights & Human Development

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study investigates the interplay between human development and the efficiency of property rights, emphasizing their role in the sustainable management of natural resources. The research highlights the limitations of property rights frameworks, particularly for open-access resources, such as the Buriganga River in Bangladesh. Primary data were collected through interviews and questionnaires with 30 participants from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds, complemented by secondary research from scholarly texts and reports. Findings reveal that the lack of human development—manifested through low education, poor awareness, and limited social responsibility—hinders the effective application of property rights and contributes to resource degradation. The study validates the hypothesis that well-defined property rights alone are insufficient without parallel advancements in human development. It recommends incorporating awareness programs, practical applications, and collaborative efforts between the state and the public. The paper concludes that fostering human development is essential for achieving sustainable resource management and broader economic growth.
"Farming with Alternative Pollinators" approach increases pollinator abundance and diversity in faba bean fields

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Pollinators are threatened worldwide and strategies and measures to support their conservation are proliferating. Among them, the approach "Farming with Alternative Pollinators" (FAP) aims to support pollinators by seeding strips of pollinator-attracting cultivated plants surrounding the crops, and simultaneously providing income to the farmer. In this study we assessed whether this approach supports pollinator diversity in agro-ecosystems and increases flower visitor diversity and abundance in faba bean fields in north-west Morocco. We tested the impact of FAP using a variety of marketable habitat enhancement plants (MHEP): flax, coriander, arugula, chia and canola. A total of 62 pollinator species were recorded, among which almost half of them are new records for the region. Most wild pollinators recorded in faba bean were digger bees (genus Anthophora ) and long-horn bees (genus Eucera ). MHEP shared diverse flower visitors with faba bean and hosted diverse pollinator groups that did not meet their food requirements from the main crop. The FAP approach highly increased flower visitor abundance and diversity in the whole FAP fields, however it did not generate significant pollinator spillover towards the main crop. Implications for insect conservation: our results show that the FAP approach is an effective approach to mitigate pollinator decline in agro-ecosystems.
Fixation of Copper(II) Ions in Aqueous Solution to Lignin Model Compound Vanillin in an Absence of the Nitrogen Donor Ligands; Structural and EPR Correlation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In order to elucidate the interactions of copper with wood, three mononuclear copper( II) coordination compounds with a vanillinate anion, cis-[Cu(C 8 H 7 O 3 ) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] (1), trans- [Cu(C 8 H 7 O 3 ) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ]·2H 2 O (2), and trans-[Cu(C 8 H 7 O 3 ) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] (3), have been characterized. X-ray structure analysis of the cis isomer 1 reveals two bidentate vanillinate ions coordinated via methoxy (Cu−O1 2.260(2) Å ) and deprotonated hydroxy oxygen atoms (Cu−O2 1.909(2) Å ), and two water molecules (Cu−O1w 2.087(2) Å ) in the octahedral CuO 6 chromophore. Two axes O1−Cu−O1w’ in the octahedron have the same length, while the third axis O 2 −Cu−O 2 ’ is shorter. This is in agreement with the room temperature EPR spectrum of 1, showing two signals (g 12 2.302, g3 2.005), but interestingly, three signals (g 1 2.393, g 2 2.214, g 3 2.010) in the 115 K spectrum were found. The same coordination atoms were found also in the trans isomer 2 (Cu−O2 1.950(2), Cu−O1w 1.994(2), Cu−O1 2.334(2) Å ), however here, two axes of almost equal length are short (O2−Cu−O2’ O1w−Cu−O1w’), while the third axis is longer (O1−Cu−O1’). On the other hand, three (rhombic) signals (g 1 2.289, g 2 2.163, g 3 2.086) in the room temperature EPR spectrum of 2 suggest three different axes in the coordination octahedron. In the EPR spectrum, of the second trans complex 3, a slightly rhombically distorted elongated axial spectrum is found. The 115 K EPR spectra of the two trans complexes 2 and 3 do not differ significantly from the features observed at room temperature. These results indicate that there is not always a straightforward correlation between the results of XRD structure analysis and EPR spectroscopy. Nevertheless, both methods can act also complementarily and give a deeper insight into the nature of copper(II) chromophores.
Response to Comment on “Activation of Persulfate by Graphitized Nanodiamonds for Removal of Organic Compounds”

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCorrespondence/Rebut...Correspondence/RebuttalNEXTResponse to Comment on "Activation of Persulfate by Graphitized Nanodiamonds for Removal of Organic Compounds"Hongshin Lee†, Changha Lee*‡, and Jae-Hong Kim*†View Author Information† Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States‡ School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea*(C.L.) Phone: +82-52-217-2812; fax: +82-52-217-2809; e-mail: [email protected]*(J.-H.K.) Phone: +1-203-432-4386; fax: +1-203-432-4387; e-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2017, 51, 9, 5353–5354Publication Date (Web):April 14, 2017Publication History Published online14 April 2017Published inissue 2 May 2017https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.7b01642https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b01642article-commentaryACS PublicationsCopyright © 2017 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1422Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (317 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Alcohols,Aromatic compounds,Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy,Materials,Oxidation Get e-Alerts
ZNF16 (HZF1) promotes erythropoiesis and megakaryocytopoiesis via regulation of the c-KIT gene

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We previously characterized the zinc finger protein gene HZF1 [also known as ZNF16 (zinc finger protein 16)] and demonstrated its important roles in erythroid and megakaryocytic differentiation of K562 cells. In the present study, we investigated its effect on erythroid and megakaryocytic differentiation of HSPCs (haemopoietic stem/progenitor cells). We observed up-regulation of ZNF16 during erythroid and megakaryocytic differentiation of the CD34+ HSPCs, and demonstrated that ZNF16 promotes erythroid and megakaryocytic differentiation by gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments. Using a luciferase reporter and ChIP assays ZNF16 was demonstrated to bind to the c-KIT gene promoter and inhibit its expression in K562 cells. Enforced expression and knockdown of ZNF16 down-regulated and up-regulated the expression of the c-KIT gene in K562 cells and HSPCs respectively. Significantly decreased levels of the c-Kit protein were observed following erythroid and megakaryocytic differentiation of K562 and CD34+ cells. The knockdown of c-KIT partially rescued the differentiation inhibition caused by ZNF16 knockdown. The knockdown of c-KIT also blocked the activity of the c-Raf/MEK [MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)/ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) kinase]/ERK/c-Jun signal pathway and reduced further the level of HEY1 (hes-related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif 1), a repressor of GATA1 (GATA-binding protein 1) transcription, which finally up-regulated the expression of GATA1, a central regulator of erythroid and megakaryocytic differentiation. In conclusion the results of the present study demonstrate that ZNF16 plays an important role in erythropoiesis and megakaryocytopoiesis via its regulation of the c-Kit/c-Raf/MEK/ERK/c-Jun/HEY1/GATA1 cascade.
Characterization of indigenous phalsa (Grewia subinequalis) genotypes using morphological traits and ISSR markers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Background: Phalsa (Grewia subinequalis L.) is a commercial and nutritionally important berry fruit. It is cultivated in Pakistan as a minor fruit crop without any variety characterization. Therefore, the objective of to assess genetic diversity through ISSR markers and morphological features of wild phalsa genotypes collected from different parts of Punjab, Pakistan. Methods: Morphological characteristics such as plant height, stem circumference, growth habit, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, leaf color and leaf apex shape showed high variation among genotypes. Results: Among the twenty inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) primers, UBC-812 exhibited the highest PIC values of (0.485) and Dj (0.389) compared to other primers, which considered it better for the identification of phalsa genotypes and prediction of diversity. Moreover, the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean cluster analysis divided the sampled genotypes into five clusters (clusters A-E) based on morphological analysis, while molecular data divided the genotypes into eight clusters (clusters A-H). Conclusion: This study confirmed the high diversity in wild populations especially 'O1P2” and “O7P3” genotypes, with both DNA-based and morphological descriptors that depict their potential use for future phalsa breeding programs.
Regulatory Effect of Amino Acids on the Pasting Behavior of Potato Starch Is Attributable to Its Binding to the Starch Chain

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The binding of an amino acid, glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala), epsilon-aminocaproic acid (-AC), monosodium glutamate (GluNa), or lysine (Lys), to starch was examined by a biomolecular interaction analyzer (IAsys). A starch sample (ATS) hydrolyzed to an extent of 1% hydrolysis rate with 15% sulfuric acid was used as a model starch for the binding examination. The reducing end of ATS was oxidized by the Somogyi reagent, and the conversion of the reducing end to the carboxyl group of ATS was confirmed by a carboxylic acid fluorescence labeling reagent. The oxidized ATS was immobilized to the amino group of a sensor cuvette by using water-soluble carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide through an amide bond. The IAsys examination showed that Gly, Ala, and epsilon-AC scarcely bound to the immobilized starch chains but that GluNa and Lys favorably bound with their increasing concentrations. The relative binding index (RBI) of each amino acid was defined by the ratio of the slope of the linear regression equation between the binding response and the concentration for each amino acid to that for Gly. Because the relationships between the RBI and the pasting characteristics (pasting temperature, peak viscosity, breakdown, and swelling index) could each be expressed by a linear regression equation with a high correlation coefficient, it is concluded that the regulation of the pasting behavior of starch with an amino acid is caused by binding of the amino acid to the starch chains.
First President : A Life of John L. Dube, Founding President of the ANC, H. HughesA study in leading the way : book review

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The year 2012 marks an important halting point for many South Africans, as they reflect on the achievements of Africa's oldest surviving political party, the African National Congress (ANC), as part of its centenary celebrations. It should also be a time to reconsider what defines South Africans as a nation. In order for South Africans to move forward as a nation, it is important for them to realise that the heritage of the ANC is also the heritage of each and every South African, regardless of their party political affiliation. It is against this background that Heather Hughes's biography, First President: A Life of John L. Dube, Founding President of the ANC, should be evaluated.
Pharmacists' Use of Average Wholesale Price in Pricing Prescriptions

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Community pharmacists were surveyed to determine how often and why they use AWP when calculating prescription prices. Overall 97.7% of respondents indicated they somehow use AWP in their pricing formulas. The mean reported percent of prescriptions priced using AWP was 80.3%. Respondents claimed they use AWP because the difference between AWP and net cost helps cover operating and inventory carrying costs, it is readily available, and third-parties allow billing at AWP. These reasons also were rated as most important. Most commonly, pharmacists reported making decisions to use AWP in pricing depending on the product purchase source, product popularity, and to meet competition.
The system architecture of the BioPath system.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

BioPath is a prototype system for the interactive exploration of biochemical pathways. It has been developed as an electronic version of the famous Boehringer Biochemical Pathways map and offers various ways to access information on substances and pathways and to navigate through pathways. This paper describes the main features and the software architecture of BioPath. The companion paper [11] focuses on the advanced visualization incorporated into BioPath.
From corporate social responsibility activities to financial performance: role of innovation and competitive advantage

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this study is to scrutinize the effect of corporate social responsibility activities (CSRA) of the firm on its financial performance (FP) and analyze the mediating role of innovation and competitive advantage (CA) in the relationship between CSRA and FP in the manufacturing sector of an emerging country, i.e. Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach Data has been collected through an electronic structured questionnaire from 300 middle-level and top-level managers by surveying different manufacturing firms of Gujranwala, Pakistan. The study’s hypotheses have been checked by analyzing the reliability and validity of data and applying confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling through statistical package for the social sciences and analysis of moment structures. Findings Outcomes of this study supported the hypothesized model. It has been found that the CSRA plays a significant positive role in determining the FP of the firm. Furthermore, the CA and innovation have been proved as significant mediators between CSRA and FP. Originality/value The first time examining the intermediation of innovation and CA in the relationship between CSRA and FP is the primary input of this study to the literature. Practically, this study’s findings will help strategy makers of manufacturing firms in emerging countries develop better strategies for implementing CSRA, enhancing innovation, seeking CA and improving FP.