jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Distribution of ascariasis, trichuriasis and hookworm infections in Ogun State, Southwestern Nigeria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Ascariasis, Trichuriasis and Hookworm infections poses a considerable public health burden in Sub-Saharan Africa, and a sound understanding of their spatial distribution facilitates to better target control interventions. This study, therefore, assessed the prevalence of the trio, and mapped their spatial distribution in the 20 administrative regions of Ogun State, Nigeria. Methods Parasitological surveys were carried out in 1,499 households across 33 spatially selected communities. Fresh stool samples were collected from 1,027 consenting participants and processed using ether concentration method. The locations of the communities were georeferenced using a GPS device while demographic data were obtained using a standardized form. Data were analysed using SPSS software and visualizations and plotting maps were made in ArcGIS software. Results Findings showed that 19 of the 20 regions were endemic for one or more kind of the three infections, with an aggregated prevalence of 17.2%. Ascariasis was the most frequently observed parasitic infection in 28 communities with a prevalence of 13.6%, followed by hookworm infections with a prevalence of 4.6% while Trichuriasis was the least encountered with a prevalence of 1.7%. The spatial distribution of infections ranges between 5.3–49.2% across the regions. The highest and lowest distribution of overall helminth infections was recorded in Egbado South and Egbado North respectively. Nine regions had infection status between 20.0%-49.2%, while 10 regions had infection status between 5.3%-15.8%. Conclusion This study provides epidemiological data on the prevalence and spatial distribution of ascariasis, trichuriasis and hookworm infections which will add to the baseline data and guide the public health officers in providing appropriate control strategies in the endemic communities.
PENGEMBANGAN PERMAINAN MAKE A MATCH BERBASIS KOMPUTER SEBAGAI MEDIA PENGAYAAN

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Learning media is believed to be one of the important parts of the learning process, especially computer-based media. This study aims to develop a computer game-based media Make a Match and to analyze its feasibility as a media enrichment. This study provided a type of educational Research and Development (RD) by referring to the model of development ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The result of validations by material experts, linguists, and media experts showed thatthe average worthiness of assessment was 86,27%. The average percentage revealed the number of 90,1% in the material aspect, 81,4% in the linguistics aspect, and 86,7% in the media aspect. Therefore, this computer based-game is very decent to be used as amedia enrichment for students.
Management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Algeria and implementation of international recommendations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disease, yet it is often overlooked by the general public, patients themselves, and doctors due to its slow and insidious progression. Changing the natural history of COPD requires first of all the diagnosis of the disease, so its early detection seems an important element. It then becomes possible to set the objectives and criteria for the assessment of management and to choose the most appropriate treatments for each individual according to his characteristics. Patients and methods A prospective observational study in COPD patients who were hospitalized in the Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Center of Setif from January 2017 to March 2020 to analyze the quality of outpatient management of these patients. Results In all, 349 patients were included in the study of which 82.2% were men with an average age of 62 years. On admission, only 28.6% or 100 patients were diagnosed and confirmed to have COPD. The general practitioner received COPD patients first in more than 1/3 of cases (37.5%). Pneumologists received 34.6% of patients and diagnosed 99 cases out of 121 consultations, so the diagnosis was made in 81.8% of cases. Spirometry is essential for the diagnosis of COPD. It is simple, inexpensive, and safe; however, it was only performed for 100 patients or 28.6% of cases, confirming the sub-diagnosis of COPD in outpatients. In terms of therapeutic management, the differences between international recommendations and current practice are significant, particularly those concerning the prescription of inhaled or systemic corticosteroid therapy, as well as antibiotic therapy, without forgetting the underestimated therapies in these COPD patients, such as vaccinations (influenza vaccination rate at 27.2% of cases, pneumococcal at 8.26%), Long-term oxygen therapy, and the initiation of smoking cessation (4.1% of cases). Conclusion The publication of recommendations reviewed by experts enables updating the diagnostic management of COPD. We can hope that the recommendations will be followed up and that practices will be harmonized. However, differences between international recommendations and current practice are significant for COPD patients. Early diagnosis and effective therapeutic management of COPD remain, particularly current issues; they would reduce disability and improve the quality of life of the patient.
Memory politics in the future tense: Exceptionalism, race, and insurrection in America

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The grounding myth of American collective memory is built on the idea of America as a promise, what it shall be. Crises place futures in doubt. Against these two considerations, this article examines how the future can be used to shape the past. In the American context, the future as a general promise is invoked in times of crisis to reassure a nation by way of laundering difficult pasts so as to fit a narrative of progress in spite of the continued presence and recursive nature of these pasts. In the immediate wake of the 2021 Capitol Insurrection, another crisis (itself a harbinger of crises to come), the 2000 Bush v Gore decision, was rewritten as an exemplar of American exceptionalism rather than a stain on it. Beyond displaying the intricate relationship between future and past in collective memory, the case highlights how this operation only works to further neglect the racism and unresolved pasts entrenched in the myth of exceptionalism that motivated the Capitol Riot.
Embedded Systems and Computer Vision Techniques utilized in Spray Painting Robots: A Review

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The advent of the era of machines has limited human interaction and this has increased their presence in the last decade. The requirement to increase the effectiveness, durability and reliability in the robots has also risen quite drastically too. Present paper covers the various embedded system and computer vision methodologies, techniques and innovations used in the field of spray painting robots. There have been many advancements in the sphere of painting robots utilized for high rise buildings, wall painting, road marking paintings, etc. Review focuses on image processing, computational and computer vision techniques that can be applied in the product to increase efficiency of the performance drastically. Image analysis, filtering, enhancement, object detection, edge detection methods, path and localization methods and fine tuning of parameters are being discussed in depth to use while developing such products. Dynamic system design is being deliberated by using which results in reduction of human interaction, environment sustainability and better quality of work in detail. Embedded systems involving the micro-controllers, processors, communicating devices, sensors and actuators, soft-ware to use them; is being explained for end-to-end development and enhancement of accuracy and precision in Spray Painting Robots.
Replication Data for: Violence, Empathy and Altruism: Evidence from the Ivorian Refugee Crisis in Liberia

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In regions plagued by reoccurring periods of war, violence, and displacement, how does past exposure to violence affect altruism toward members of different ethnic or religious groups? Drawing on theories of empathy-driven altruism in psychology, we propose that violence can increase individuals' capacity to empathize with others, and that empathy born of violence can in turn motivate helping behavior across group boundaries. We test this hypothesis using data on the hosting behavior of roughly 1500 Liberians during the 2010-2011 Ivorian refugee crisis in eastern Liberia, a region with a long history of cross-border, inter-ethnic violence. Consistent with our theoretical predictions, we find that those who experienced violence during the Liberian civil war host greater numbers of refugees, exhibit stronger preferences for distressed refugees and less bias against outgroup refugees, and host a higher proportion of non-coethnic, non-coreligious and distressed refugees. These findings suggest that violence does not necessarily lead to greater antagonism toward outgroups, as is often assumed, and that in some circumstances it can actually promote inter-group cooperation.
An Analysis of Teachers’ Code Switching in Teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in the Classroom at SMA Negeri 1 Warunggunung

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research decided to conduct a research about code switching
used by the teacher in teaching English as a foreign language in the
classroom. This research oriented the following aims: 1) To identify the
types of code switching found in the EFL classroom.. 2) To find out the
reasons of the teachers for using code switching. 3) to analyze the
students’ perception toward the teachers’ code switching in the EFL
classroom.
The writer used case study as a method. To answer the questions,
the writer used observation and interview in collecting the data
fromtwo English teachers of SMA Negeri 1 Warunggunung, and three
students at tenth grade and three students at eleventh grade as
respondents who were chosen based on their English score. The subject
of this research was utterance which contained code switching used by
English teacher in teaching learning process.
After doing the research the researcher found: 1) All English
teachers at SMA Negeri 1 Warunggunung used code switching while
they were teaching English in the classroom, and it found the types of
code switching that used by the teachers were intra-sentential
switching, inter-sentential switching and tag switching. 2) The reason
that cause the teachers used code switching were to clarify their speech/
repetition for clarification, and 3) The students’ perception toward
teachers’ switching in the classroom all of them agreed that code
switching has a great benefit in term of increasing their vocabulary.
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux: Is It the Real Culprit in Patients with Laryngeal Complaints?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) in patients with laryngeal complaints and study the correlation between reflux symptom index (RSI) and reflux finding score (RFS). Materials and methods This is a study of 104 patients, who presented in the ear, nose, and throat outpatient department at the Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, India, from April 2015 to April 2016, with complaints like change of voice, chronic cough, foreign body sensation, throat clearing, difficulty swallowing, and regurgitation. All the patients were examined with 90° endoscope by a single examiner, and an RSI ≥13 was considered as indicative of reflux. Observation and discussion The mean age of the 104 patients was 47.2 years. The male-female ratio was 1:1.8. The RSI ranged from 5 to 44, with a mean of 22.99 and standard deviation (SD) of 7.43. The RFS ranged from 4 to 22, with a mean of 11.04 and SD of 3.07. Both the parameters showed high correlation (correlation coefficient 0.98). Conclusion The LPR plays an important contributory role in patients with laryngeal complaints. The RFS and RSI can be used as routine parameters in establishing the diagnosis of reflux. How to cite this article Shah RV, Vishwakarma R. Laryngopharyngeal Reflux: Is It the Real Culprit in Patients with Laryngeal Complaints? Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2017; 7(1):6-9.
Persistence and adherence with Latanoprost: A Danish register‐based cohort study in older patients with glaucoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose This study aims to assess the association between switching patterns and adherence/persistence in Danish patients over the age of 65, who started their first‐ever glaucoma treatment with latanoprost eye drops. Methods Patients were assigned to three different cohorts: (1) switchers, (2) non‐switchers, and (3) preservative‐free latanoprost (Monoprost®) users. Patients were followed for 1 year until the end of data coverage or censoring. Study covariates were used to compute the propensity score. In the adjusted analysis, the propensity score was added to the model as an independent variable. The Cox regression model was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) of discontinuation for the three cohorts (the non‐switchers cohort was the reference level) in both adjusted and unadjusted analyses. Results Non‐switchers had a statistically significant lower adherence (proportion of days covered, PDC 92%) than switchers (PDC 96%; p < 0.001) and users of Monoprost® (PDC 99%; p < 0.001). Switchers had a 53% lower risk of treatment discontinuation compared to the reference group within 1 year after the first redemption of latanoprost in both unadjusted (HR 0.47; 95% Confidence interval, 95% CI: 0.41–0.53; p < 0.001) and adjusted (HR 0.47; 95% CI: 0.42–0.53; p < 0.001) analyses. In comparison to the non‐switchers, Monoprost® users had a 78% lower risk for the above result in both unadjusted (HR 0.22; 95% CI: 0.17–0.28; p < 0.001) and adjusted (HR 0.22; 95% CI: 0.17–0.29; p < 0.001) analyses. Conclusion This study found increased adherence and persistence in latanoprost users among those who redeemed preservative‐free latanoprost (Monoprost®) and among those who switched between different latanoprost formulations.
Studies on the metabolism of hydroxypyruvate in animal tissues

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Research Article| July 01 1959 Studies on the metabolism of hydroxypyruvate in animal tissues F. Dickens; F. Dickens 1Courtauld Institute of Biochemistry, Middlesex Hospital Medical School, London, W. 1 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar D. H. Williamson D. H. Williamson 1Courtauld Institute of Biochemistry, Middlesex Hospital Medical School, London, W. 1 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd © 1959 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1959 Biochem J (1959) 72 (3): 496–508. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0720496 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation F. Dickens, D. H. Williamson; Studies on the metabolism of hydroxypyruvate in animal tissues. Biochem J 1 July 1959; 72 (3): 496–508. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0720496 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1959 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1959 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Mesoscopic Charge Fluctuations in the Coulomb Blockade Regime

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study mesoscopic fluctuations of the differential capacitance of a dot\nconnected to a lead by a single-mode quantum channel with adjustable\nconductance G. We show that the amplitude of the fluctuations reaches maximum\nat a partially opened channel, G\\lesssim e^2/\\pi\\hbar. Parametric correlations\nof fluctuations at different values of the applied voltage and magnetic field\ncan be studied experimentally, and we find the corresponding correlation\nfunctions for the differential capacitance.\n
Induction rate of regulatory T cells from conventional T cells is affected by substrate rigidity

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The immune system maintains a balance between protection and tolerance. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) act as a tolerance mechanism to suppress effector immune cells. Recent studies suggest that the induction of Tregs from conventional T cells (Tconvs) has many practical and therapeutic advantages. Previously, both human and mouse T cells were reported to exhibit different responses to activating substrates of different rigidities as indicated in IL-2 secretion levels. In this work, we explore the previously unknown effect of substrate rigidity on the induction of Tregs from Tconvs. We used Sylgard 184 poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) to obtain rigidity ranging a few hundred kilopascals to megapascals. Mouse CD4+ T cells (Foxp3-GFP linked B6 mouse) were obtained from spleen and further isolated to CD25+ and CD25− cells using magnetic bead-based isolation kits. CD4+CD25− T cells (&gt;99% Foxp3−) were then seeded onto the surfaces coated with antibodies to CD3 and CD28 in IL-2 and TGF-b-enriched media. Surprisingly, there was a significant increase in Treg induction rate at lower substrate rigidities (i.e., Young’s modulus, E ~ 100 kPa) compared to high rigidity (i.e., E ~ 3 MPa). To confirm that this significant difference in induction rate is truly related to T cell mechanosensing, we administered compound Y-27632 (cY) to inhibit myosin contractility. In the presence of cY, the difference in induction rate at varying rigidities was significantly reduced. This study furthers our understanding of mechanosensing properties of immune cells and raises questions about the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in this process of T cells choosing to proliferate or differentiate.
Exploring Jatropha as a Multifaceted Shrub: A Comprehensive Review

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

229Importance of the fossil fuel is beyond description but unfortunately its reserve is limited. Vegetable oils and their biodiesels partially succeed in facing the energy requirement of society, but their characteristics are unable to touch the quality level of petroleum products. Properties of some non-edible oils resemble with petro-Diesel properties and jatropha is one of them. Though in India, jatropha use is not so widely observed, still in South American countries like Brazil, Chilli and in some other tropical nations, it is largely cultivated, because of its multidimensional use. Now a days, many nations have joined hands to verify whether in future jatropha oil can act as a substitute to fossil fuel, which will be very useful in reducing the hegemony of Arab countries. This paper relates to properties, preparation and scope of different non consumable oils in general and jatropha oil in particular.
The Effectiveness of Instant Messaging‐Based Interventions on Health Behavior Change: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Background Instant messaging‐based applications are increasingly used to deliver interventions designed to promote health behavior change. However, the effectiveness of these interventions has not been evaluated. Aims This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of instant messaging‐based interventions on health behavior change, addressing a gap in the literature regarding the impact of instant messaging on various health behaviors. Methods We conducted comprehensive searches of six electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus, and Web of Science) from their inception until July 2024, utilizing terms related to health behavior and instant messaging. Two authors independently screened studies and extracted data. Randomized controlled trials published in English that investigated the effects of instant messaging‐based interventions on health behavior change, including physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep, diet/nutrition, cancer screening, smoking cessation, and alcohol consumption were included. We used the revised Cochrane Risk‐of‐Bias Tool to assess the quality of the studies. Results Fifty‐seven randomized controlled trials published between 2014 and 2024 were included. The results showed that compared with the control groups, instant messaging‐based interventions had statistically significant differences in physical activity (SMD = 0.52, 95% CI [0.21, 0.83], p < 0.001) and sleep (SMD = −0.93, 95% CI [−1.44, −0.42], p < 0.001). It also significantly impacted smoking cessation (OR = 1.88, 95% CI [1.28, 2.7], p < 0.001). However, it did not influence sedentary behavior (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI [−0.24, 0.74], p = 0.01) or diet/nutrition (SMD = 0.01, 95% CI [−0.31, 0.34], p < 0.001). Linking Evidence to Action Instant messaging‐based interventions are promising in enhancing health behavior change, including physical activity, sleep, and smoking cessation. Leveraging real‐time communication and multimedia content can improve patient engagement and intervention effectiveness.
Chemical Composition of the Marc of a Wild Tropical Plant &lt;i&gt;Tacca involucrata&lt;/i&gt; (Schumach and Thonn, 1827)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Tacca involucrata (Batflower or Polynesian arrowroot) tubers are a stable food in tropics where it occurs. In central Nigeria, it is processed locally after digging it from the ground by peeling with sharp sand, grating and soaking in fresh water after which it is filtered and the filtrate is dried and is cooked with other ingredients. The marc, said to be bitter, is usually discarded by deep burial as it is considered poisonous to livestock and humans. All parts of the plant are used in folk medicine to treat various diseases. The aim of this work was to analyze quantitatively the phytochemical, elemental, vitamin and proximate composition of the marc of the tubers with a view of assessing its pharmacological and nutritional potentials. The marc was obtained from Jandeikyura Village in Wukari LGA of Taraba State, Nigeria, and was extracted with 80% methanol for 72 hr to give a yield of 10.1% w/w and was whitish in colour. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of reducing sugars, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, glycosides and hydrogen cyanide at 195.65 ± 0.5, 3.44 ± 0.2, 1.29 ± 0.5, 0.83 ± 0.4, 1.36 ± 1.0 and 0.00985 ± 0.3 (mg/100g), respectively. The elemental analysis showed the presence of potassium, sodium, magnesium, selenium, manganese, vanadium and some heavy metals like lead, aluminium, arsenic and mercury at 36.45 ± 0.1, 44.04 ± 0.1, 1.52 ± 0.2, 0.80 ± 0.9, 0.52 ± 0.7, 0.27 ± 0.7, 0.07 ± 0.6, 0.008 ± 0.05, 0.085 ± 0.6 and 0.026 ± 0.6 (mg/100g), respectively. Vitamin analysis showed the presence of vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, C and E in various amount as 2.26 ± 0.8 μg, 0.83 ± 0.8 mg/100g, 0.58 ± 0.4 mg/100g, 0.33 ± 0.6 mg/100g, 9.80 ± 0.4 mg/100g and 6.86 ± 0.9 mg/100g, respectively. The proximate analysis showed the marc to contain moisture, ash, fats, fibre, crude protein and carbohydrate in the range of 10.83% ± 0.3%, 1.93% ± 0.6%, 1.06% ± 0.5%, 4.42% ± 0.4%, 6.12% ± 0.6% and 86.07% ± 0.3%, respectively. This shows that despite the presence of hydrogen cyanide and some heavy metals in traces amount which are considered poisonous to livestock and humans, the marc contains some elements, vitamins, phytochemical and nutrients which are pharmacologically and nutritionally important.