jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Medication in mental heath: a case study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In Scotland, between 25 and 30% of all GP consultations involve depression, stress or anxiety. The incidence of depression is high and rising, with mental health problems in old age being very common. Depression can be reliably diagnosed and treated in primary care, and a range of treatments are available; however, the effectiveness of all treatments is limited by non-concordance with the treatment plan. There are many reasons why medicines may not be taken as prescribed, including adverse effects, poor communication between health professional and patient, the effects of the illness, including cognitive impairment and patients' disagreement with the need for treatment. A case study on a patient with depression is presented, using the Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation (SBAR) format. The case study demonstrates a critical understanding of how issues of role, concordance and psychopharmacology impacted on the recovery of the patient.
Numerical design of the contoured wind-tunnel liner for the NASA swept-wing LFC test

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A contoured, nonporous, wind-tunnel liner has been designed in order to simulate a free-flight infinite yawed-wing, transonic-flow condition about a large-chord, supercritical-section, laminar-flow-control (LFC), swept-wing test panel. The numerical procedure developed for this aerodynamic liner design is based upon the simple idea of streamlining and incorporates several existing transonic and boundary-layer analysis codes. A summary of the entire procedure is presented to indicate: what was done and why, the sequence of steps, and the overall data flow. The liner is being installed in the NASA Langley 8-Foot Transonic Pressure Tunnel (TPT). Test results indicating the aerodynamic performance of the liner are not yet available; thus, the liner design results given here are examples of the calculated requirements and the hardware implementation.
P4‐327: SUBTHRESHOLD LEVEL TAU DEPOSITION OCCURS PRIOR TO SUBTHRESHOLD AMYLOID DEPOSITION IN COGNITIVELY NORMAL ELDERLY INDIVIDUALS

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Contrary to the widely accepted hypothesis that amyloid triggers a cascade of events leading to Alzheimer's dementia, histopathological evidence suggests deposition of tau prior to the deposition of amyloid. In this study, we expect to investigate in-vivo evidence of a subthreshold level of tau deposits occurring prior to amyloid deposition using a tau tracer with sub-nanomolar affinity to tangles. For this study, we included 65 cognitively normal elderly individuals from the McGill TRIAD cohort who were scanned with [18F]AZD4694 and [18F]MK-6240 (standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) based on the cerebellum grey matter and inferior cerebellum grey matter as the reference regions respectively). The individuals were categorized into 2 groups based on their amyloid positivity (A-, n=35; A+, n=30). All individuals in the amyloid-negative group were negative for tau as well. For both categorizations, a visual rating was used. Cross-correlation networks (26 cortical ROIs) based on tau and amyloid was generated correcting for age and gender. Bootstrap sampling (n=100) was used to remove any sample bias. A nested stochastic block model analysis was used to identify community structures present in the networks. In the amyloid-negative group (tau-negative), the network analysis did not show any cortical association of amyloid deposition [Fig 1a], whereas tau deposition showed a clear organization [Fig 1b]. Any organization of amyloid deposition was only present in the amyloid-positive group [Fig 1c]. The community analysis indicated the subthreshold tau organization can be represented with 2 communities; one including superior, middle temporal regions, parietal and frontal regions; the other with inferior temporal, parahippocampal cortices, precuneus and cingulate [Fig 1f].
Research on the Pretreatment for AN Wastewater by Fenton Reagent

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Fenton reagent is utilized to pre-treat AN wastewater with high concentration.The effects of some factors on the degradation of AN are investigated,such as pH value,concentration of Fe~(2+) and H_2O_2,initial concentration of AN,temperature,adding mode of H_2O_2,concentration of UV and C_2O~(2-)_4 and so on,and the functioning mechanisms of different factors are analyzed.The results show that the residue rate of AN decreases below 20% and the synergistic effect of UV and C_2O~(2-)_4 on Fenton reagent is good when the concentration of AN stays at 300mg/L with 400mg/L Fe~(2+) and H_2O_2 respectively and reaction time 15mins.
High Intensity Laser-Atom Physics

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The development of lasers capable of delivering short pulses of very intense radiation, over a wide frequency range, has led to the discovery of new, non-perturbative multiphoton processes in laser interactions with atomic systems. In this article, we first give a survey of the main properties of multiphoton processes such as the multiphoton ionization of atoms, the emission by atoms of high order harmonics of the exciting laser light and laser-assisted electron-atom collisions. We then review the theory of these processes, giving particular attention to ab-initio non-perturbative methods such as the Sturmian-Floquet approach, the R-matrix-Floquet theory and the numerical integration of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation. We also discuss relativistic effects which occur at ultra-high intensities. We conclude by considering possible future developments of high intensity laser-atom physics. 5 cjoacha@ulb.ac.be, doerr@mbi-berlin.de, n.kylstra@ic.ac.uk 1 Contents I Intro...
Synthesis of flavonoid glycosides. V. Synthesis and taste of some analogs of neohesperidin dihydrochalcone.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The following ten new analogs of neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (DHC) (I) were synthesized: Hesperetin DHC-4'-β-L-quinovopyranoside (XXVII), hesperetin DHC-4'-(α-L-quinovopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucoside) (XXVIII), hesperetin DHC-4'-(β-L-quinovopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucoside) (XXIX), hesperetin DHC-4'-(α-L-quinovopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-galactoside) (XXX), hesperetin DHC-4'-(β-L-quinovopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-galactoside) (XXXI), hesperetin DHC-4'-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-galactoside) (XXXII), hesperetin DHC-4'-(α-L-mannopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucotide) (XXXIII), hesperetin DHC-4'-(α-L-mannopyr-anosyl-(1→2)-β-D-galactoside) (XXXIV), hesperetin DHC-4'-(α-D-mannopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucoside) (XXXV), and hesperetin DHC-4'-(β-D-arabinopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucoside) (XXXVI). The compounds XXVII, XXVIII, XXX and XXXII are 1.97, 3.4, 3.4 and 10.2 times sweeter than saccharin, respectively. From the organoleptic data, it was concluded that in the molecule I, methyl group and gauche conformation of vicinal glycol group at carbons 2 and 3 of L-rhamnose unit, and α1→2 linkage in rhamnosyl glucose are important requirements for the elicitation of intense sweet taste.
CT EVALUATION AND C HARACTERIZATION OF RENAL MASSES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

CONTEXT/BACKGROUND: The detection rate of renal masses has increased in the last decades owing to the widespread use of CT and MRI. [1] Therefore, an accurate characterization of renal masses is essential to ensure appropriate case management.This study was done to evaluate and characterize renal masses on CT for early and prompt management.AIMS: To detect the presence of solid renal masses on CT and to characterize them into benign and malignant masses with histopathological correlation.To assess the diagnostic accuracy of CT in distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions. SETTINGS AND DESIGN:A prospective study of 60 subjects was carried out from those referred to the Department of Radiodiagnosis for CT evaluation and characterization of renal masses after being clinically suspected or incidentally detected on other imaging studies. METHODS AND MATERIAL:The patients were subjected to contrast enhanced helical CT.The CT findings were correlated with the surgical or histological findings or the therapeutic response in the case of inflammatory lesions.STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: It was done using sensitivity, specificity positive predictive value and negative predictive value.CT diagnosis was compared with histopathological diagnosis, which was considered as the gold standard.RESULTS: Neoplastic lesions were observed in 42 cases (70%) cases and inflammatory lesions in 9 cases (15%).Renal cell carcinoma was observed in 27 cases, Wilm's tumour in 6, oncocytoma in 3 cases and angiomyolipoma in 6 patients.The inflammatory renal lesions observed were focal pyelonephritis in 4, renal abscesses in 4 and emphysematous pyelonephritis in 1. CONCLUSION: This study concludes that contrast enhanced spiral CT is sensitive as well as specific not only to diagnose neoplastic renal mass lesions but also to diagnose other non-neoplastic renal mass lesions.
Clustering and descendants of MUSYC galaxies at z<1.5

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We measure the evolution of galaxy clustering out to a redshift of z~1.5 using data from two MUSYC fields, the Extended Hubble Deep Field South (EHDF-S) and the Extended Chandra Deep Field South (ECDF-S). We use photometric redshift information to calculate the projected-angular correlation function, omega(sigma), from which we infer the projected correlation function Xi(sigma). We demonstrate that this technique delivers accurate measurements of clustering even when large redshift measurement errors affect the data. To this aim we use two mock MUSYC fields extracted from a LambdaCDM simulation populated with GALFORM semi-analytic galaxies which allow us to assess the degree of accuracy of our estimates of Xi(sigma) and to identify and correct for systematic effects in our measurements. We study the evolution of clustering for volume limited subsamples of galaxies selected using their photometric redshifts and rest-frame r-band absolute magnitudes. We find that the real-space correlation length r_0 of bright galaxies, M_r=0.57), where the correlation length is higher for brighter galaxies by up to 1Mpc/h between median rest-frame r-band absolute magnitudes of -18 to -21.5. As a result of the photometric redshift measurement, each galaxy is assigned a best-fit template; we restrict to E and E+20%Sbc types to construct subsamples of early type galaxies (ETGs). Our ETG samples show a strong increase in r_0 as the redshift increases, making it unlikely (95% level) that ETGs at median redshift z_med=1.15 are the direct progenitors of ETGs at z_med=0.37 with equivalent passively evolved luminosities. (ABRIDGED)
Variable separation in acoustic radiation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A new method of computation of Boundary Element matrices for acoustic radiation problems has been developed. The method utilizes Chebyshev polynomials for separation of the frequency from space variables in the free-space Green's function. The BEM matrices resulting from discretization of the Helmholtz equation are static and can be synthesized for each required frequency using an analytical formula. Significant savings in computer time have been achieved.
Maqāmāt dan Aḥwāl dalam Tasawuf

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This writing presents the concepts of “maqāmāt” and “aḥwāl” in Sufism. “Maqāmāt” refers to the creative spiritual path undertaken by Sufis to approach and encounter God. It (maqāmāt) must be strived for (makāsib) with the entirety of one’s soul and body. True to its name, it is fixed and permanent. On the other hand, “aḥwāl” are the mental and spiritual states experienced by Sufis as a result of “maqāmāt.” It is considered a divine gift (mawāhib), cannot be attained through effort, and is subject to change. However, in the view of some Sufi groups, both are considered gifts.
Linking forest tenure rights to environmental impacts in forests, fisheries and rangelands

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Debate over the effects of different property regimes on natural resource systems has long been controversial, incited by Hardin's (Hardin 1968) thesis that common pool resources will inevitably suffer from overexploitation and degradation. A large, diverse, and rapidly growing body of literature has investigated the links between different property rights regimes and environmental outcomes and shown that common, government, and private property rights regimes are each capable of yielding sustainable environmental outcomes. However, the existing evidence base is highly fragmented. There also exists a large body of literature reviews assessing the evidence base, but these reviews have been limited in scope, focusing on specific resource systems and specific regime comparisons without examining the links between property rights regimes and environmental outcomes across these resource systems. Also, few studies compare impacts across geographical regions. This paper addresses this knowledge gap through a systematic review that assesses current knowledge of the impacts of property rights regimes on environmental outcomes in forests, fisheries, and rangelands in developing countries. We use a bundle of rights approach to assess environmental impacts across the three main property rights regimes-state, private, and community-as well as mixed property rights regimes that involve some combination of these three. This on going review makes several conclusions. First, community forestry is performing better than state forestry in Asia while communities are performing worse than the state in Africa and Latin America. While under Forestry and rangelands presence of any type of property rights arrangement is performing better than open access, under fisheries particularly in Latin America, state fishery yields similar environmental outcomes to open access situations
Cohomology of torus manifold bundles

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Let X be a 2 n -dimensional torus manifold with a locally standard T ≅ ( S 1 ) n action whose orbit space is a homology polytope. Smooth complete complex toric varieties and quasitoric manifolds are examples of torus manifolds. Consider a principal T -bundle p : E → B and let π : E ( X ) → B be the associated torus manifold bundle. We give a presentation of the singular cohomology ring of E ( X ) as a H * ( B )-algebra and the topological K -ring of E ( X ) as a K * ( B )-algebra with generators and relations. These generalize the results in [17] and [19] when the base B = pt . These also extend the results in [20], obtained in the case of a smooth projective toric variety, to any smooth complete toric variety.
On HSUPA Open Loop Switched Antenna Transmit Diversity Performance in Varying Load Conditions

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Switched Antenna Transmit Diversity (SATD) scheme is a promising transmit diversity technique to improve the performance in High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) systems. Antenna switching rests on a technique where only one antenna is active at a time even if the UE is equipped with multiple transmit antennas. Switching and antenna selection can be based on different methods and criteria and this paper provides simulative analysis of three different open loop antenna switching algorithms for the HSUPA systems. Furthermore, the focus will be on evaluating corresponding system level performance compared to the single Tx antenna performance when bursty traffic is assumed. The studies show that there are achievable gains and thus system performance may be enhanced by applying the antenna switching scheme, especially when the mobile velocity is low.
Further Studies on Guinea Pig and Rabbit Cytophilic Antibodies Directed Against Human Serum Albumin

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The fixation of guinea pig and rabbit cytophilic antibodies to normal cells of homologous origin was investigated. For both systems, PE cells were found to fix antibody most efficiently. Spleen cells from other animal species were also shown to fix both guinea pig and rabbit cytophilic antibodies; human spleen cells showed the highest levels of fixation. Interference in the fixation of cytophilic antibodies to homologous spleen cells of guinea pig and rabbit origin was effected when absorptions were carried out in the presence of homologous and heterologous normal serum protein; with the guinea pig system, the presence of one &#8216;cytophilic&#8217; antibody did not lead to levels of interference in antibody fixation of a second cytophilic antibody which were higher than those induced with normal serum proteins. Destruction of antibody receptor site activity by trypsin was not demonstrable for PE cells whereas the receptor site responsible for fixation of rabbit IgG but not IgM cytophilic antibody was shown to be highly susceptible to proteolytic enzyme treatment. Localized hemolysis in gel was produced using normal guinea pig and rabbit cells passively coated with homologous cytophilic antibody. Whereas the cytophilic antibody activity of guinea pig serum was previously shown to involve only the IgG class of immunoglobulins, the present report provides evidence for both IgM and IgG cytophilic antibody production in the rabbit.
THE EFFECTS OF UNSIGNALED AND SIGNALED DELAYS OF REINFORCEMENT IN RATS: A BETWEEN-PROCEDURES COMPARISON

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

"Using eight experimentally naive Wistar rats, the effects of immediate, unsignaled and signaled delays of reinforcement on lever-pressing response rates were compared with two different procedures. In the Between-Phases procedure, each experimental condition was presented in three thirty-session consecutive phases; whereas, in the Multiple-Schedule procedure, each experimental condition was correlated with one component of a three-component multiple schedule of reinforcement. Regardless of the procedure used, consistent results were observed, that is, differences in response rates were found when rats were exposed to a delay of reinforcement condition (Signaled or Unsignaled) in contrast to the immediate-reinforcement condition. These results suggest that even when rats are exposed to different conditions in the same session, similar results occur to those found when these conditions are arranged between phases. Similarly, they provide some information regarding the usefulness of employing a multiple schedule to assess the effects of different variables (Immediate, Unsignaled, and Signaled food deliveries) in relatively less time than a between-phases procedure."
Nihilism and the Formulation of a Philosophy of Art

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Nihilism is often associated with feelings of despair, hopelessness and meaningless. It is certainly true that once the implications of this philosophy become apparent that these feelings are valid. However, this reaction is merely the first stage of dealing with nihilism and stopping here fails to examine the various types of nihilism that deal specifically with knowledge, ethics, metaphysics, truth, and art. Nihilism at its base is a philosophy that recognizes the history of human thought and what it means to be and to think. My focus is the way in which a completed nihilism is in fact an emancipatory act and the implications it has for art and the artist in the 21st century.
A coordination algorithm for road traffic control measures

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a coordination algorithm for road traffic control measures, which would greatly extend the set of possible control measures that can be applied simultaneously. It is based on experiences with motorway traffic management in the Netherlands. It is also a case study in combining hierarchical control with coordination and cooperation mechanisms. The algorithm deals only with soundness of sets of simultaneously applied control measures, which is a necessary condition for the synergy of the applied measures. The essence of the algorithm is a translation of traffic control measures into so-called atomic effects on lane segments. The paper also describes the implementation strategy for the algorithm.
Person-Environment Interactions Contributing to Nursing Home Resident Falls

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Although approximately 50% of nursing home residents fall annually, the surrounding circumstances remain inadequately understood. This study explored nursing staff perspectives of person, environment, and interactive circumstances surrounding nursing home falls. Focus groups were conducted at two nursing homes in the mid-Atlantic region with the highest and lowest fall rates among corporate facilities. Two focus groups were conducted per facility: one with licensed nurses and one with geriatric nursing assistants. Thematic and content analysis revealed three themes and 11 categories. Three categories under the Person theme were Change in Residents' Health Status, Decline in Residents' Abilities, and Residents' Behaviors and Personality Characteristics. There were five Nursing Home Environment categories: Design Safety, Limited Space, Obstacles, Equipment Misuse and Malfunction, and Staff and Organization of Care. Three Interactions Leading to Falls categories were identified: Reasons for Falls, Time of Falls, and High-Risk Activities. Findings highlight interactions between person and environment factors as significant contributors to resident falls.
Aqueous Bark Extract of <em>Cinnamomum Zeylanicum</em>: A Potential Therapeutic Agent for Streptozotocin- Induced Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Purpose: To investigate the anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective and lipid homeostatic activity of Cinnamomum zeylanicum aqueous bark extract on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type-I diabetic rats.Methods: The animals were divided into three groups (n = 6). of normal rats; streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats; and diabetic rats treated with 200 mg/kg of the aqueous bark extract, respectively. Treatment was via the oral route for 15 days. Various biochemical parameters, including lipid profile and glycogen biosynthesis were analysed. Similarly, differential regulation and expression of glucose homeostatic enzymes were evaluated in order to validate the anti-diabetic activity of the extract.Results: Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), LDL-cholesterol (LDL) and VLDL-cholesterol (VLDL) levels decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the diabetic animals by 12.5, 23.86, 14.96 and 20 %, respectively, compared to their initial values. The extract increased HDL-cholesterol (HDL) and tissue glycogen levels by 25.0 and 172.3 %, respectively, in diabetic rats. Similarly, differential regulation and expression of glucose homeostatic enzymes, namely, glucokinase (GK), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and Insulin II (Ins II), showed significant improvement upon extract treatment in STZ-induced diabetic rats.Conclusion: These results demonstrate the anti-diabetic, and hypolipidemic activities of Cinnamomum zeylanicum aqueous bark extract in diabetic rats.