jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
End-of-Life Discussions in the Perioperative Period: Perioperative DNR Discussions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Features| April 2024 End-of-Life Discussions in the Perioperative Period: Perioperative DNR Discussions Megan H. Hicks, MD; Megan H. Hicks, MD Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Shawn T. Simmons, MD, FASA; Shawn T. Simmons, MD, FASA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Amber Campbell, MD, MS; Amber Campbell, MD, MS Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Alisha Sachdev, MD, FASA Alisha Sachdev, MD, FASA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar ASA Monitor April 2024, Vol. 88, 16–17. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ASM.0001010660.87196.6a Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Search Site Citation Megan H. Hicks, Shawn T. Simmons, Amber Campbell, Alisha Sachdev; End-of-Life Discussions in the Perioperative Period: Perioperative DNR Discussions. ASA Monitor 2024; 88:16–17 doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ASM.0001010660.87196.6a Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll PublicationsASA Monitor Search Advanced Search Topics: perioperative care, perioperative period, terminally ill, do-not-resuscitate orders End-of-life discussions in the perioperative period are becoming more common as our patient population ages and comorbidity burdens rise. Increasingly, anesthesiologists participate in these discussions in both the critical care and perioperative environments, whether educating patients, families, and other physicians on perioperative risks or rescinding and adapting resuscitative orders for the perioperative period. Intraoperative cardiac arrests occur in 5.6 per 10,000 cases, with an associated 58.4% mortality, according to National Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry data (Anesthesiol Clin 2020;38:859-73). Precipitating factors include patient comorbidities and surgical factors such as the type of procedure and unanticipated blood loss (Anesth Analg 2018;126:876-88; Anesth Analg 2018;126:1797). Perioperative cardiac arrest is associated with higher mortality in those with ASA Physical Status Classification greater than III and age greater than 60 (Anaesth Intensive Care 2023;51:375-90). The anesthesiologist plays a critical role in the response to perioperative arrest. Being knowledgeable... You do not currently have access to this content.
Leaving Parched Gardens and Discussing Narration with the Reader: Metatextualities in the Contemporary Swahili Novel

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This reading of three Swahili novels by Said Ahmed Mohamed (Zanzibar/Tanzania) and Kyallo Wamitila (Kenya), published during the last decade, identifies metatextualities as a common feature that has not yet been explored. I argue for using “metatextualities” in the plural and as an umbrella term that denotes a variety of elements in a text that comment on, or refer to, the text itself, one or several groups of texts, or a broader subject or discipline. My reading of selected passages from the novels concentrates on different subtypes of metanarration. It looks at the way different aspects of narration (inspiration, narration as a process, narrative paradigms) are discussed and reflected on by each text and in each text itself, and it is interested in metareferences to literature and the arts in general. I also examine whether metatextualities serve to enhance or to reduce the distance between the text and the reader. Furthermore, I discuss whether the occurrence, frequency, and sophistication of metatextualities relate to the different paradigms of postcolonial Swahili writing—(new) realism, post-realism, and blended writing—or whether they are primarily linked to the background of the individual writer.
An object-oriented communication library for hardware-software codesign

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Implementing communication between hardware and software components can be a time-consuming task. Numerous communication protocols are available, differing greatly in their implementation details. Designers must spend much time focusing on those details. Even when libraries are available to encapsulate communication into C or VHDL routines, these routines are not consistent across protocols, making it difficult to switch to other protocols. In this paper, we propose an object-oriented communication library, which provides pre-implemented channel-based send/receive communication primitives, allowing easy implementation and seamless migration across protocols and components.
Direct Analyte‐Probed Nanoextraction Coupled to Nanospray Ionization–Mass Spectrometry of Drug Residues from Latent Fingerprints

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Here, we present a method of extracting drug residues from fingerprints via Direct Analyte‐Probed Nanoextraction coupled to nanospray ionization–mass spectrometry ( DAPN e‐ NSI ‐ MS ). This instrumental technique provides higher selectivity and lower detection limits over current methods, greatly reducing sample preparation, and does not compromise the integrity of latent fingerprints. This coupled to Raman microscopy is an advantageous supplement for location and identification of trace particles. DAPN e uses a nanomanipulator for extraction and differing microscopies for localization of chemicals of interest. A capillary tip with solvent of choice is placed in a nanopositioner. The surface to be analyzed is placed under a microscope, and a particle of interest is located. Using a pressure injector, the solvent is injected onto the surface where it dissolves the analyte, and then extracted back into the capillary tip. The solution is then directly analyzed via NSI ‐ MS . Analyses of caffeine, cocaine, crystal methamphetamine, and ecstasy have been performed successfully.
Econometric analysis of wholesale coffee prices and exports from India

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Coffee is referred as Brown Gold as it accounts major share in Indian exchequer. In recent years, increase in the domestic coffee consumption attributed to expansion of domestic markets and growing young population. To study the trends in wholesale prices of coffee, the monthly price data of Arabica plantation ‘A’ and Robusta cherry ‘AB’ of Bengaluru, Chennai and Hyderabad markets were collected from Coffee Board of India, Bengaluru. These data were subjected to Linear trend, Co-integration and Granger Causality tests. The Markov chain model was fitted to study the structural changes in export. The results indicated that, the wholesale prices of Arabica plantation ‘A’ and Robusta cherry ‘AB’ in selected markets increased during the study period but the extent vary from market to market. The co-integration test indicated that, the wholesale prices at Bengaluru market for Arabica plantation ‘A’ and Robusta cherry ‘AB’ influence heavily on both Chennai and Hyderabad markets. Italy and Germany emerged as most loyal/stable importer of Arabica plantation ‘A’ whereas Italy and Spain for Robusta cherry ‘AB’ coffee.
Is There a Causal Link between Inflammation and Dementia?

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Neuroinflammation is a constant event in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the current knowledge is insufficient to state whether inflammation is a cause, a promoter, or simply a secondary phenomenon in this inexorably progressive ailment. In the current paper, we review research data showing that inflammation is not a prerequisite for onset of dementia, and, although it may worsen the course of the disease, recent evidence shows that chronic inhibition of inflammatory pathways is not necessarily beneficial for patients. Prospective clinical trials with anti-inflammatory drugs failed to stop disease progression, measurements of inflammatory markers in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients yielded contradictory results, and recent bench research proved undoubtedly that neuroinflammation has a protective side as well. Knockout animal models for TNFRs or ILRs do not seem to prevent the pathology or the cognitive decline, but quite the contrary. In AD, the therapeutic intervention on inflammatory pathways still has a research future, but its targets probably need reevaluation.
HMGB3 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of glioblastoma and is negatively regulated by miR‐200b‐3p and miR‐200c‐3p

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

High mobility group box 3 (HMGB3) is strongly involved in oncogenesis in a variety of cancers. In the present study, we have explored the role of HMGB3 in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumorigenesis and have identified the microRNAs (miRNAs) miR‐200b‐3p and miR‐200c‐3p as negative regulators of HMGB3 expression. We began by determining that endogenous HMGB3 expression levels were significantly elevated in GBM tissues and in 3 GBM cell lines. To study the function of HMGB3 in GBM, we transfected a small‐interfering RNA (siRNA) against HMGB3 into GBM cell lines U251 and LN229. MTT and tumour sphere assays demonstrated that HMGB3 knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation. Wound healing and transwell assays determined that HMGB3 knockdown substantially suppressed GBM cell migration and invasion. We evaluated the effects of HMGB3 knockdown on MAPK phosphorylation and target gene expression, finding that HMGB3 knockdown significantly reduced MAPK phosphorylation (p‐ERK (1/2), p‐p38, and p‐JNK). We then used the biologic prediction algorithm TargetScan to identify the 3′ untranslated region (3′‐UTR) of HMGB3 as a target of miR‐200b‐3p and miR‐200c‐3p. Luciferase, qRT‐PCR, and western blot assays confirmed that miR‐200b‐3p and miR‐200c‐3p bind and inhibit HMGB3 expression. Finally, Pearson correlation analyses demonstrated a negative correlation between relative HMGB3 mRNA and miR‐200b/c‐3p expression levels in GBM tissue samples. Overall, the present study strongly suggests that HMGB3 promotes GBM oncogenesis through the MAPK signalling pathway while miR‐200b‐3p and miR‐200c‐3p inhibit its expression.
The views of Academic Staff on the Transition to Emergency Distance Education in the Pandemic Process

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Education and training are constantly renewed in line with the changing world and emerging new learning needs. During the pandemic process in the world, the transition to distance education became essential at all grades of education. Many academicians started to use this system for the first time. The main subjects of this study are the effect of increasing technology usage times in the transition to compulsory distance education transition and the problems that may be encountered in distance education. From this point of view, the study aims to reveal the views of academic staff on compulsory distance education. This study used a case study, and the opinions of 20 lecturers working at Erzurum Ataturk University were collected with a semi-structured interview form. The obtained data were analyzed by creating themes and sub-themes through content analysis. In the light of the negotiations, difficulties in the planning and implementation of education, the difficulties in technological infrastructure problems, the advantages of distance education, and the situations created by technology in the distance education process were revealed. In light of the findings, it can be advised that all academics receive training on university distant education techniques.
Bioluminescence imaging of Cyp1a1-luciferase reporter mice demonstrates prolonged activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the lung

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signalling integrates biological processes that sense and respond to environmental, dietary, and metabolic challenges to ensure tissue homeostasis. AHR is a transcription factor that is inactive in the cytosol but upon encounter with ligand translocates to the nucleus and drives the expression of AHR targets, including genes of the cytochrome P4501 family of enzymes such as Cyp1a1 . To dynamically visualise AHR activity in vivo, we generated reporter mice in which firefly luciferase ( Fluc ) was non-disruptively targeted into the endogenous Cyp1a1 locus. Exposure of these animals to FICZ, 3-MC or to dietary I3C induced strong bioluminescence signal and Cyp1a1 expression in many organs including liver, lung and intestine. Longitudinal studies revealed that AHR activity was surprisingly long-lived in the lung, with sustained Cyp1a1 expression evident in discrete populations of cells including columnar epithelia around bronchioles. Our data link diet to lung physiology and also reveal the power of bespoke Cyp1a1-Fluc reporters to longitudinally monitor AHR activity in vivo.
Describing Student Activeness Using Transcript Based Lesson Analysis In Lesson Study Material Hydrostatic Pressure And Pascal's Law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research was conducted to describe the activities of students using Transcript Based Lesson Analysis in Lesson Study on hydrostatic pressure and Pascal's Law class XI at SMAN 11 Muaro Jambi. This type of research was obtained from the results of learning video recordings, observer field notes and documentation. This research was carried out in collaboration with the observer team in each cycle through 3 lesson study stages, namely plan, do, and see. The analysis in this study cannot be carried out directly during learning but through the results of recording all teacher and student activities as well as observations made by the observer. Through this analysis one can see how the application of lesson study based on TCL or SCL in the learning process is TCL or SCL in nature from the many dialogues that arise between the teacher and students, this dialogue in the implementation of cycles I and II is shown in the number of words graph. Based on the results of this study, in cycle I it was seen that the teacher still dominated learning, not many students responded and answered questions given by the teacher. Cycle II in this study learning took place in group discussions where teacher dominance was still visible but better than cycle I because more student responses appeared and some students were active in discussing problem solving. Overall learning in class XI MIPA 2 SMAN 11 Muaro Jambi is categorized as TCL so that the suggestions contained in this study are for teachers to be able to study and design better learning so that they can realize learning that is student centered learning and apply learning with lesson study based on Transcript Based Lesson Analysis
Graphene‐derived microwave metamaterials and meta‐devices: Emerging applications and properties

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Graphene, a two‐dimensional material renowned for its distinctive electronic band structure and remarkable physical properties, has garnered substantial attention in recent years. Its integration into metamaterials (i.e., artificially structured materials) and metamaterial‐based devices opens up exciting possibilities for manipulating electromagnetic waves with various functionalities. These metamaterials and meta‐devices, with their strong resonances, enhance interactions with incident waves, further aided by electrically tunable graphene, enabling fruitful modulation of electromagnetic waves. In this review, we present a detailed exploration of the recent advancements in graphene‐based microwave meta‐devices. We first introduce the electromagnetic properties of graphene, laying the foundation for its electromagnetic modeling and characterization. The second part introduces the fabrication and transfer methods of graphene. Next, we review the passive meta‐devices constructed with graphene, exploring how these devices leverage graphene's unique properties. We further discuss graphene‐based active meta‐devices for dynamic wave manipulations, with a focus on graphene–electrolyte–graphene sandwich structures. Lastly, the review delves into graphene‐based coding and programmable meta‐devices, highlighting their innovative applications. Each section provides a focused exploration of a specific aspect of the field, showcasing the diverse and expanding role of graphene in the microwave region. Through this comprehensive review, we aim to enrich our understanding and appreciation for the growing developments and potential of graphene in microwave technology.
Ontogenetic structure of Thymus L. (Lamiaceae) coenopopulations in Yakutia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ontogenetic structure of coenopopulations of four model species Thymus extremus , T. indigirkensis , T. brevipetiolatus and T. pavlovii widely distributed in Yakutia was studied. It was established that species coenopopulations were normal, most of them incomplete. Dependence of the type of the ontogenetic spectrum of coenopopulations on growth conditions and ontogenesis pattern was revealed in thymes of different biomorphs. The bimodal type of the ontogenetic spectrum (monocentric dwarf subshrub T. extremus ) is conditioned by irregular seed regeneration and lack of ripe and old generative stages. Formation of the left-side type of the ontogenetic spectrum is governed by the emergence of vegetative propagation of individuals (unobvious polycentric dwarf subshrub T. brevipetiolatus and dwarf semishrub T. indigirkensis ) and substrate features (distinct polycentric dwarf semishrub T. pavlovii ).
Dynamic Fracture Behaviors of Selected Aluminum Alloys Under Three-point Bending

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The dynamic fracture behaviors of the extruded 2024-T4 and 7075-T6 aluminum alloys are investigated by using an instrumented drop tower machine. The specimens are made from a 25 mm diameter extruded circular rod. The dynamic three-point bending tests of each alloy are carried out at different impact velocities. The initiation fracture toughness and average propagation fracture toughness of 2024-T4 and 7075-T6 are determined at different loading rates. The results show that both the initiation toughness and the propagation toughness increase with the loading rate. Further, the difference between the fracture toughness behaviors of 2024-T4 and 7075-T6 is found to be dependent on the variation of fracture mechanism. The comprehensive fractographic investigations of the fracture surfaces clearly demonstrate that the fracture mode of 2024-T4 is predominantly transgranular fracture with high density small-sized dimples, and the fracture mode of 7075-T6 is mainly intergranular fracture with many intermetallic particles in the bottom of voids located in the fracture surface.
Experiences in Tick Control by Acaricide in the Traditional Cattle Sector in Zambia and Burkina Faso: Possible Environmental and Public Health Implications

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Livestock, especially cattle, play a paramount role in agriculture production systems, particularly in poor countries throughout the world. Ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBDs) have an important impact on livestock and agriculture production in Sub-Saharan Africa. The authors review the most common methods used for the control of ticks and TBDs. Special emphasis is given to the direct application of acaricides to the host animals. The possible environmental and public health adverse effects (i.e. risks for the workers, residues in the environment, and in food products of animal origin) are mentioned. The authors present two case studies, describing different field experiences in controlling ticks in two African countries. In Zambia (Southern Africa), a strategic dipping regime was used to control Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks, vectors of theileriosis, a deadly disease affecting cattle in the traditional livestock sector in Southern Province. The dipping regime adopted allowed to reduce the tick challenge and cattle mortally rate, and at the same time, to employ less acaricide as compared to the intensive dipping used so far, without disrupting the building-up of enzootic stability. In Burkina Faso (West Africa), where dipping was never used for tick control, an acaricide footbath was employed as an alternative method to the traditional technique used locally (portable manual sprayers). This was developed from field observations on the invasion/attachment process of the Amblyomma variegatum ticks –vector of cowdriosis- on the animal hosts, leading to a control method aimed to kill ticks temporarily attached to the interdigital areas before their permanent attachment to the predilection sites. This innovative method has been overall accepted by the local farmers. It has the advantage of greatly reducing costs of treatments and has a minimal environmental impact, making footbath a sustainable and replicable method, adoptable also in other West African countries. Although the two methods described, developed in very different contexts, are not comparable -if public health and environmental implications are taken into account, if a balance amongst efficacy of the control method(s), cost-effectiveness and sustainability is reached- a way forward for the implementation of a One Health strategy can be set.
Effect of Flagellin Pre-Exposure on the Inflammatory and Antifungal Response of Bronchial Epithelial Cells to Fungal Pathogens

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Bronchial epithelial cells (BEC) play a crucial role in innate immunity against inhaled fungi. Indeed, in response to microorganisms, BEC synthesize proinflammatory cytokines involved in the recruitment of neutrophils. We have recently shown that BEC exert antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus by inhibiting filament growth. In the present study, we first analyzed the inflammatory and antifungal responses of BEC infected by several fungal species such as Aspergillus spp., Scedosporium apiospermum and Candida albicans, which are frequently isolated from the sputum of people with chronic pulmonary diseases. The airways of these patients, such as people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF), are mainly colonized by P. aeruginosa and secondary by fungal pathogens. We have previously demonstrated that BEC are capable of innate immune memory, allowing them to increase their inflammatory response against A. fumigatus following a previous contact with Pseudomonas aeruginosa flagellin. To identify the impact of bacteria exposure on BEC responses to other fungal infections, we extended the analysis of BEC innate immune memory to Aspergillus spp., Scedosporium apiospermum and Candida albicans infection. Our results show that BEC are able to recognize and respond to Aspergillus spp., S. apiospermum and C. albicans infection and that the modulation of BEC responses by pre-exposure to flagellin varies according to the fungal species encountered. Deepening our knowledge of the innate immune memory of BEC should open new therapeutic avenues to modulate the inflammatory response against polymicrobial infections observed in chronic pulmonary diseases such as CF.
Frequency Dependence of the Photosensitivity of the Low Frequency Electric Discharge

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The photosensitive nature of the low frequency electric discharge with 50 cycle potentials in halogens enclosed in glass vessels is studied. The larger the quantum energy of the photon or the shorter the wave-length of the radiation used for irradiating the system, the lower is the potential at which the discharge could be initiated. The photovariation, Δ i , of the discharge current, i , flowing through the system is a linear function of the frequency of the external radiation; it is also dependent on the applied field and is associated primarily with the electrode regions.