jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Singular perturbations on the infinite time interval

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider the slow and fast systems that belong to a small neighborhood of an unperturbed problem. We study the general case where the slow equation has a compact positively invariant subset which is asymptotically stable, and meanwhile the fast equation has asymptotically stable equilibria (Tykhonov’s theory) or asymptotically stable periodic orbits (Pontryagin–Rodygin’s theory). The description of the solutions is by this way given on infinite time interval. We investigate the stability problems derived from this results by introducing the notion of practical asymptotic stability. We show that some particular subsets of the phase space of the singularly perturbed systems behave like asymptotically stable sets. Our results are formulated in classical mathematics. They are proved within Internal Set Theory which is an axiomatic approach to Nonstandard Analysis. On considère les systèmes lents-rapides appartenant à un petit voisinage d’un problème non perturbé. On étudie le cas général où l’équation lente admet un sous-ensemble compact positivement invariant qui soit asymptotiquement stable tandis que l’équation rapide a des équilibres asymptotiquement stables (théorie de Tykhonov) ou des cycles limites stables (théorie de Pontryagin). La description des solutions est de ce fait donnée sur des intervalles de temps infinis. On examine les problèmes de stabilité découlant de ces résultats en introduisant la notion de stabilité pratique. On montre que certains sous-ensembles de l’espace de phases des systèmes singulièrement perturbés se comportent comme des ensembles asymptotiquement stables. Les résultats sont formulés classiquement mais sont démontrés dans le cadre de la théorie IST, une approche axiomatique de l’Analyse Non Standard.
On The Lattice Theory of Expansion

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

An investigation has been made of the expansion coefficient of two-dimensional lattices - ionic lattices and the close packed hexagonal lattice with central forces. A survey has been made of the Grüneisen constants γν of a representative set of vibrations in reciprocal space. From these a set of functions are constructed from which the variation of the Grüneisen constant γ can be calculated, and which also permit one to see the reasons for the variation. It is shown that the ionic lattices are characterized by a large spread in γν values, this being in the main due to the lower of the two frequency branches. In the hexagonal lattice the distribution of γν values is, in comparison, very limited and the Grüneisen assumption of a single constant can be justified in this case.
Heidelberg Hosts State YCC Corp.

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Armed with hoes and clippers, members of the Ohio Youth Conservation Corps tackle brush on a dike at Willow Point Wildlife Area, north of Castalia. The YCC crew will spend about a month clearing the dikes so it can be reflooded to create a marshland for waterfowl. The YCC has a residential camp at Heidelberg College in Tiffin, Ohio.
Characterization of a Thermophilic ATP-Dependent DNA Ligase from the Euryarchaeon Pyrococcus horikoshii

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Archaea encode a DNA ligase composed of a C-terminal catalytic domain typical of ATP-dependent ligases plus an N-terminal domain similar to that found in eukaryotic cellular and poxvirus DNA ligases. All archaeal DNA ligases characterized to date have ATP-dependent adenylyltransferase and nick-joining activities. However, recent reports of dual-specificity ATP/NAD + ligases in two Thermococcus species and Pyrococcus abyssi and an ATP/ADP ligase in Aeropyrum pernix raise the prospect that certain archaeal enzymes might exemplify an undifferentiated ancestral stage in the evolution of ligase substrate specificity. Here we analyze the biochemical properties of Pyrococcus horikoshii DNA ligase. P. horikoshii ligase catalyzes autoadenylylation and nick sealing in the presence of a divalent cation and ATP; it is unable to utilize NAD + or ADP to promote ligation in lieu of ATP. P. horikoshii ligase is thermophilic in vitro, with optimal adenylyltransferase activity at 90°C and nick-joining activity at 70 to 90°C. P. horikoshii ligase resembles the ligases of Methanobacterium thermautotrophicum and Sulfolobus shibatae in its strict specificity for ATP.
Implementasi Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Payroll pada PT. Cipta Multi Axindo

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to implement payroll accounting information at PT. Cipta Multi Axindo and this research took place at PT. Cipta Multi Axindo. This research was conducted qualitatively, using interviews, observation, and documentation. The data analysis used is descriptive qualitative analysis, which describes the company's payroll accounting information system. Activities in the system, related functions, documents used, related accounting records, and reports generated are all included in this analysis. Because the payroll system of PT. Cipta Multi Axindo still relies on the manual method, the results of this study indicate that the manual calculation system will encounter problems if they arise.
Exponential stability for switched neural networks with time-varying delays

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper is concerned with the problem of exponential stability for a class of switched neural networks with time-varying delays. Based on the average dwell time (ADT) technique, mode-dependent average dwell time (MDADT) technique and multiple Lyapunov-Krasovskii (LK) function approach, two conditions are derived to design switching signal and guarantee the exponential stability of the considered neural networks, which are delay-dependent and formulated by linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, Numerical examples confirm the effectiveness and less conservativeness of the proposed methods.
Proteasome Inhibitors Block Development of Plasmodium spp

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Proteasomes degrade most of the proteins inside eukaryotic cells, including transcription factors and regulators of cell cycle progression. Here we show that nanomolar concentrations of lactacystin, a specific irreversible inhibitor of the 20S proteasome, inhibit development of the exoerythrocytic and erythrocytic stages of the malaria parasite. Although lactacystin-treated Plasmodium berghei sporozoites are still invasive, their development into exoerythrocytic forms (EEF) is inhibited in vitro and in vivo. Erythrocytic schizogony of P. falciparum in vitro is also profoundly inhibited when drug treatment of the synchronized parasites is prior, but not subsequent, to the initiation of DNA synthesis, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of lactacystin is cell cycle specific. Lactacystin reduces P. berghei parasitemia in rats, but the therapeutic index is very low. Along with other studies showing that lactacystin inhibits stage-specific transformation in Trypanosoma and Entamoeba spp., these findings highlight the potential of proteasome inhibitors as drugs for the treatment of diseases caused by protozoan parasites.
Faster, Quantitative, and Accurate Precursor Acquisition Independent From Ion Count

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Data-dependent precursor ion selection is widely used in shotgun proteomics to profile the protein components of complex samples. Although very popular, this bottom-up method presents major drawbacks in terms of detectable dynamic range. Recently, we demonstrated the superior performance of a data-independent method we termed precursor acquisition independent from ion count (PAcIFIC). Here, we report a faster, accurate, multiplexed, and quantitative PAcIFIC method. Our results show that the time needed to perform such analysis can be decreased by 33% to 66% using modern ion trap instruments and that high mass accuracy can be applied to such a strategy. Quantification capability is demonstrated on protein standards and a whole bacterial cell lysate using isobaric tagging. Finally, we confirm in yeast the dynamic range capabilities of such a method where proteins down to less than 50 copies per cell can be monitored without sample prefractionation.
182Correlation between Antibiotic Use and E.coli Resistances in a Swiss Tertiary Care Hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background.Monitoring antimicrobial use and local antimicrobial susceptibility in hospitals are important tools of antimicrobial stewardship programs.In our institution 2144, E.coli from clinical samples were isolated in 2011.We aimed to correlate resistance of these samples with antibiotic use.Methods.The hospital pharmacy calculated the antibiotic use in grams for each department of the hospital for the years 2008-2011.We converted the use into defined daily doses (DDD) and expressed it as DDD/100 bed days, using the ATC/DDD system promoted by the WHO.Antimicrobial susceptibility tests (ASTs) were routinely assessed using the disk diffusion method and results interpreted according to CLSI criteria.Resistance rates of E. coli represent the number of resistant isolates divided by the total number of clinical isolates for which AST was performed.All hospital departments with a total of >20 E. coli isolates in urine, blood or other clinical material in the year 2011 were included in the analyses.Per patient only the first isolated E.coli was included.The correlation between antibiotic use from 2008-2011 and E.coli resistance rate in the year 2011 was determined with linear regression analyses.Results.The total antibiotic consumption for the hospital was 64 DDD/100 hospital days with high variability between the different departments.The hospital-wide
Can Reinforcement Learning be Generalized for Efficient Auto-Scaling in Containerized Clouds?

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The rapid adoption of containerized cloud environments requires robust and efficient Auto-Scaling (AS) mechanisms to ensure adequate resource utilization, high performance, and cost-effectiveness. Traditional AS approaches, often based on predefined thresholds, fail to adapt well to dynamic workloads. This paper investigates the potential of Reinforcement Learning (RL) as a generalized solution for efficient AS in containerized clouds. Building on previous studies, this paper examines whether RL approaches can learn adaptive scaling policies when trained on diverse workload datasets and tested across different scenarios. A Multi-Objective (MO) reward function has been designed to optimize key performance factors such as the application's response time, and resource utilization. The results demonstrate that RL algorithms can effectively balance competing objectives and adapt to changing workloads. The Latency strategy resulted in lower latency but required more pods (7.4) and slightly higher CPU usage (28.92%). In contrast, the Cost strategy minimized deployment costs with fewer pods (3.56) and lower CPU usage (24.45%). This study highlights the versatility and efficiency of RL in managing complex, real-time scaling decisions in containerized cloud infrastructures.
A Stepwise Approach to the Management of Heart Failure and its Comorbidities

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Modern medical and technological advances provide highly effective management for the treatment of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). In this review, the authors propose a 2-step approach to treatment that is straightforward, practical, and thorough. For the patient whose life now includes HFrEF, the physician's first step is to ensure that the patient is taking the 3 key medications ([1] renin-angiotensin inhibitors (angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitors, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, or angiotensin receptor blockers), [2] β-blockers, and [3] mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists) recommended in guideline-directed doses to attain comprehensive receptor blockade. Significant coexisting medical issues are also characteristic in patients with HFrEF. Therefore, the physician's second step is to address the comorbidities of heart failure to fulfill comprehensive patient care. This review presents evidence to implement the management of HFrEF and heart failure comorbidities that will reduce cardiac mortality and hospitalization and to avoid treatments that are of no benefit or may cause harm.
Fast Accurate McLeod Gauge System

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The use of an orifice and a secondary mercury source near it as means for reducing the trap pumping error of the McLeod gauge is discussed. With the proper utilization of an orifice, trap pumping is not a serious hindrance to the use of the McLeod gauge as a primary pressure standard. Accuracy better than 1% with a time constant less than 30 sec can be achieved using a conventional McLeod gauge. Experiments that directly demonstrated a reduction of the trap pumping error gave good agreement with the theoretically expected reduction.
Covid-19 and pregnancy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The review summarizes current evidence about COVID-19 in relation to women of childbearing age, especially in pregnancy. SARS-CoV-2 potentially endangers not only the mother but also the unborn fetus. We perform a critical analysis of information on vertical and horizontal transmission, we deal with the management of care and treatment of pregnant women and lactation. We report separately on current knowledge about vaccination in relation to pregnancy, the puerperium and breastfeeding. We are aware that this summary is valid at the time of publication and it is possible that the rapid growth of new information may make some claims irrelevant.
Solving combinatorial optimization problems using quantum computing: a case study for the QAP

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Quantum computing is one of the most researched areas in computer science and withone of the greatest future prospects thanks to the new discoveries and methodologies thatcan provide approaches of a different kind to tackle problems and find solutions. One ofsuch methodologies is none other than quantum annealing, a metaheuristic focused on thequalities of quantum mechanics. \n \nCombinatorial Optimization (CO) problems have always been a hassle to find solutionsin large scale problems owing to their complexity and resource consumption. However,these can be transformed into an equivalent Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization(QUBO) model that is constraint-free and its variables are (binary) decision variables.What is best, QUBO models can be efficiently solve with quantum annealing in a quantumcomputer. \n \nThe objective of the project will be the study of all the particular functionalities andproperties of each aspect of all the transformation chain for the specific case study withthe QAP problem. The implementation of this problem, its transformation into a QUBOmodel and the solution obtained through quantum annealing are the key points that leadto harness the potential of quantum computing and set its current limits.
HONNs with Extreme Learning Machine to Handle Incomplete Datasets

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) randomly chooses hidden neurons and analytically determines the output weights (Huang, et al., 2005, 2006, 2008). With the ELM algorithm, only the connection weights between hidden layer and output layer are adjusted. The ELM algorithm tends to generalize better at a very fast learning speed: it can learn thousands of times faster than conventionally popular learning algorithms (Huang, et al., 2006). Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have been widely used as powerful information processing models and adopted in applications such as bankruptcy prediction, predicting costs, forecasting revenue, forecasting share prices and exchange rates, processing documents, and many more. Higher Order Neural Networks (HONNs) are ANNs in which the net input to a computational neuron is a weighted sum of products of its inputs. Real life data are not usually perfect. They contain wrong, incomplete, or vague data. Hence, it is usual to find missing data in many information sources used. Missing data is a common problem in statistical analysis (Little & Rubin, 1987). This chapter uses the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) algorithm for HONN models and applies it in several significant business cases, which involve missing datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that HONN models with the ELM algorithm offer significant advantages over standard HONN models, such as faster training, as well as improved generalization abilities.
To the Northeast : the quiet center of Willa Cather's art and life

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Willa Cather's writing gains much of its power from its conflicting impulses, often of a character seeking a personal meaning of home, occasionally of one finding it. This study explores the basis of Cather's personal feelings of dislocation, and how she attempted, especially in Shadows on the Rock, to find a spiritual center of her art and life. It also explores the role of the Northeastern culture in Cather's search for belonging, in part as this cultural legacy was bequeathed Cather by Sarah Orne Jewett. Shadows on the Rock, Cather's only novel set in the Northeast, more specifically in Quebec, is central to this study because of its treatment of French culture and the adaptation of that culture to the New World, and because of Cather's interpretations of seventeenth-century French-Canadian figures and their contributions to the spiritual and domestic identity of the frontier. The interplay Cather creates between her historically based and her purely fictional characters becomes the heart of this unconventionally plotted novel. Most simply put, the connection of these characters makes Shadows on the Rock a tale of domestic belonging achieved, largely through Cecile Auclair's representing of Old World traditions as they are adapted to life in the New World. Sources used in this study include Cather's texts and the little known historical materials upon which she drew, as well as recent criticism, histories, and biographies. A comparison of historical writings and Cather's fictive interpretations of such resources is especially revealing of Cather's aims and techniques in her search for spiritual integration. Conclusions gleaned from this study are that Cather's work gains force not only from the conflicting personal impulses she tried to resolve through her fiction, but also from her resolutions of these dichotomies in powerful scenes of connection and domesticity, especially in Shadows on the Rock. These images and themes may have been fostered by Jewett, and it is undeniable that the Northeast came to have a special significance for Cather; but the "quiet centre" of art and life revealed in her fiction remains at core uniquely Cather's.
Enterolignans enterolactone and enterodiol formation from their precursors by the action of intestinal microflora and their relationship with non-starch polysaccharides in various berries and vegetables

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The aim of this work was to investigate the production of enterolactone (ENL) and enterodiol (END) both enterolignans, from their precursors by the action of intestinal microflora and their relationship with non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) in common plant foods such as berries and vegetables. For the investigation of the bioconversion of plant lignans the technique of in vitro fermentation was used and the quantitative analysis of their metabolites ENL and END was performed by HPLC with coulometric electrode array detection. The enterolignan production from various berries ranged from 7.8 to 382.8 nmol/g as well as from vegetables – from 10.5 till 91.2 nmol/g. By comparing different kind of berries, the cloudberry, raspberry, and strawberry were the best enterolignan producers. Considering vegetables, potatoes produced the highest quantity of total enterolignans. Garlic, zucchini and broccoli were the other good producers of enterolignans in this product group. The quantitative relationship between NSP components and their associated lignan metabolites were determined. The results showed that there is a correlation between the particularities of fermented food matrices and the production of enterolignans. For berries, an intermediate correlation was found between the total NSP and ENL values. For vegetables, higher correlations between NSP and END were found.
CATALYZED RECOMBINATION OF NITROGEN ATOMS, AND THE POSSIBLE PRESENCE OF A SECOND ACTIVE SPECIESIN ACTIVE NITROGEN

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The reactions of ethylene, ethane, and ammonia with active nitrogen have been studied over the pressure range 0.3 to 4 mm usinganunheatedreaction vessel. The object was to determine why each reactant shows, as is well-known, a smaller extent of reaction at lower temperatures than would be predicted from the atom concentration. It was concluded that ethylene probably brought about homogeneouscatalyzedrecombination, i.e. the process [Formula: see text] followed by N + N•C 2 H 4 → N 2 + C 2 H 4 . The over-all third-order rate constant appeared to be very large, about 1.8 × 10 −28 cc 2 molecule −2 sec −1 . The behavior of ammonia was quite different from that of ethylene and it was, in fact, possible to show that the extent of reaction was not governed by the instantaneous atom concentration at all. The results can be explained qualitatively, however, if it is assumed that excited molecules formed in the course of homogeneous atom decay constitute a second active species in active nitrogen. This view serves also to explain the failure in such work as that of Kistiakowsky etal. to observe ammonia destruction or excited molecules when especially low atom concentrations are used. The few experiments involving ethane were sufficient to show that the reactivity was low for a different reason than with ethylene.
Treatment of gastric ulceration with carbenoxolone sodium: clinical and radiological evaluation.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Treatment was started with the trial tablets within five days of the barium-meal examination demonstrating the ulcer crater.The patient took the trial tablets for two weeks, the first week's dosage being two tablets thrice daily, the second week's one tablet three times daily.Patient's were asked to take a normal diet, alkalis were not routinely prescribed, and no instructions were given about smoking and drinking.After two weeks' treatment the patient attended for a restricted barium-meal examination.If the ulcer showed signs of healing, as demonstrated by reduction in size, the trial tablets were continued, but if the ulcer was unchanged in size, or larger, the patient was given known carbenoxolone tablets 50 mg.three times daily until the ulcer was radiologically healed.Patients attended at two-weekly intervals for restricted barium-meal examinations until the ulcer crater was healed.