jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ASCOM Controls Farnesoid X Receptor Transactivation through Its Associated Histone H3 Lysine 4 Methyltransferase Activity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Activating signal cointegrator-2 (ASC-2), a coactivator of multiple nuclear receptors and transcription factors, belongs to a steady-state complex named ASCOM (for ASC-2 complex), which contains histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase MLL3 or its paralog MLL4. ASC-2 binds to many nuclear receptors in a ligand-dependent manner through its two LxxLL motifs. Here we show that the first LxxLL motif of ASC-2 shows relatively weak but specific interaction with the nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and that ASCOM plays crucial roles in FXR transactivation. Our results reveal that ASC-2, MLL3, and MLL4 are recruited to FXR target genes in a ligand-dependent manner. We further show that the recruitment of MLL3 requires ASC-2 and that FXR ligand induces not only expression of FXR-target genes but also their H3K4 trimethylation in a manner dependent on the presence of ASC-2, MLL3, and MLL4. In addition, MLL3 and MLL4 function redundantly with FXR transactivation. Correspondingly, expression of FXR target genes is partially impaired in mice expressing an enzymatically inactivated mutant form of MLL3, and these mice show disrupted bile acid homeostasis. Overall, these results suggest that ASCOM-MLL3 and ASCOM-MLL4 play redundant but essential roles in FXR transactivation via their H3K4 trimethylation activity.
Salivarian trypanosome infections in cattle in Ikoma, South Mara District, Tanzania

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

798 cattle from the Ikoma area, Musoma district, were examined for evidence of trypanosomiasis and the predominant trypanosome species involved. From the results, the extent of cattle trypanosomiasis in Ikoma and the predominance of congolense -type infections as compared with vivax -type infections was established. The need to use more than one method in the diagnosis of animal trypanosomiasis is emphasized from the results presented in Table 3. The direct relationship between the poor health of the cattle and T. congolense infections demonstrates the economic importance of this trypanosome species as compared with T. vivax . This relationship also supports results of earlier work showing that in East Africa congolense -type infections produce more serious clinical trypanosomiasis in cattle than do vivax -type infections. This is important when drawing up a treatment programme.
Evolution of paired luminous rings in capacitive radio-frequency hydrogen discharges

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The temporal and spatial evolution of paired luminous rings is observed in pulsed capacitive radio-frequency (rf) hydrogen discharges. The time-resolved axial profile of the light intensity indicates that the outermost ring pairs near the electrodes start to appear earlier than the inner ones, and that only the left-side (right-side) rings of ring pairs turn on when the rf voltage applied to the left-side (right-side) electrode is positive. The physical mechanism to create the paired rings seems to be similar to that of the standing striations in dc glow discharges.
The Utilization Of Natural Products For Agricultural Benefits

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The invasive species Psidium cattleianum, termed strawberry guava, poses a major problem for the State of Hawaii. It outcompetes native plants, with the dominance of strawberry guava potentially due to allelopathy, which is the biochemical inhibition of one plant by another. To isolate potential allelochemicals, water extracts from both varieties of strawberry guava (red and yellow), were tested and found to reduce dicot and monocot growth. The yellow variety of strawberry guava produced an Inhibition constant of 50% lethality (IC50) of 10.74mg/mL for lettuce and 12.2 mg/mL for green onion, while the red variety produced a IC50 of 9.57mg/mL for lettuce and 6.54 mg/mL for green onion. In soil trials, it has been found that Psidium cattleianum leaf chemicals reduced the germination rate of the monocot (Echinochloa sp.) more relative to the dicot (Amaranthus retroflexus). High performance liquid chromatography bioassay mediation fractionation and tandem mass spectroscopy found that the phenolic acid, gallic acid, is a constituent for Psidium cattleianum’s allelopathy. Additionally, in-silica molecular docking was conducted with the enzymatic molecular target site, hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, to create a predictive model. The trends showed that, based upon 2-acyl-cyclohexane-1,3-diones with simple aliphatic side chains, the perfect R1 tail length is an undecyl 11-C. Too short a tail did not fully utilize the binding pocket, while too long of a tail did not fit within the binding pocket properly, showcased by having a more positive binding energy and a less efficient IC50 value. This class, along with cyclohexane-1,3-diones with phenyl side chains or phenylene side chains also followed another trend, where the addition of an R2 methyl group again made a more positive binding energy and a less efficient IC50 value, possibly due to sterics. This showed proof of concept that it is possible to correlate binding energy and measured IC50 values to create this predictive model that can be adapted to other molecular target sites and ligands. In addition, while only strawberry guava was investigated within the course of this work, there remains multiple suspected allelopathic species than can be further analyzed following strawberry guava’s path as a blueprint for future studies.
"Is Dependence Corruption the Solution to America's Campaign Finance Problems?"

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

U.S. campaign finance regulation is currently in bad shape. The combination of congressional inaction, regulatory ineffectiveness, and constitutional constraint perpetuates a status quo that no one intended and many deplore. Public financing for presidential elections is effectively dead, while Super PACs and other forms of independent spending are on the rise. The 501(c)(4) nonprofit disclosure rules are very leaky, allowing corporations and others to conceal soft money contributions to Super PACs if they so choose. The Supreme Court has effectively precluded comprehensive campaign finance reform by its rulings, which have thrown out independent and personal expenditure bans, limited public finance to opt-in schemes, loosened the definition of issue ads, and allowed corporations to use unlimited amounts of their treasury monies to fund independent campaigns. To borrow from Vladimir Lenin, “[W]hat is to be done?”
Release of slow reacting substance from rabbit ocular tissues.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Investigations were carried out to determine whether any slow reacting substance (SRS) is released from the ocular tissues. The SRS activity was bioassayed using the guinea pig ileum in the presence of mepyramine and atropine. An SRS-specific antagonist, FPL55712, was also used to confirm SRS-induced ileum contraction. Incubation of the ocular tissue fragments of the rabbit with a Ca-ionophore A23187 resulted in a marked release of the SRS in the potency order of the choroid, ciliary body, conjunctiva and iris. The rabbit was sensitized with bovine serum albumin and complete Freund's adjuvant. Experimental uveitis was induced by injection of antigen into the vitreous body the sensitized rabbits. The SRS could not be detected in the aqueous humor 10-24 hours after the antigen injection but it was released markedly into the vitreous. The SRS from the vitreous humor of the rabbits with experimental uveitis was purified by high performance liquid chromatography, and leukotriene C4 and leukotriene D4 were identified. It was suggested that release of the SRS from the ocular tissues plays a role in allergic and nonallergic uveitis.
Microsomal Prostaglandin Synthase-1–Derived Prostaglandin E2Protects Against Angiotensin II–Induced Hypertension via Inhibition of Oxidative Stress

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Prostaglandin (PG) E 2 has an established role in the regulation of vascular tone and reactivity. The present study examined the role and mechanism of microsomal PG synthase-1 (mPGES-1) in vascular response to angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion. A 7-day Ang II infusion at 0.35 mg/kg per day via osmotic minipump had no obvious effect on mean arterial blood pressure in mPGES-1 +/+ mice but induced a marked hypertensive response in mPGES-1 −/− mice, associated with a parallel increase in urinary 8-isoprostane excretion and aortic NADPH oxidase activity and mRNA expression of p47 phox , gp91 phox , and Nox1. The hypertension in mPGES-1 −/− mice was completely prevented by Tempol treatment and was fully restored on termination of the antioxidant. Apocynin induced a similar blood pressure–lowering effect as Tempol. The Ang II infusion induced mRNA expression of mPGES-1, as well as mPGES-2 and cytosolic PGE synthase in the aortas as assessed by real-time RT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry revealed remarkably enhanced immunoreactivity of mPGES-1 mostly in vascular smooth muscle cells. In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells, Ang II exerted a direct stimulatory effect on reactive oxygen species production, NADPH oxidase activity, and expression of p47 phox , gp91 phox , and Nox1 that were all inhibited by PGE 2 . The −/− mice also exhibited enhanced renal hemodynamic response to acute Ang II infusion at 150 nmol/kg per minute via a jugular vein over a period of 40 minutes. These results suggest that mPGES-1–derived PGE 2 buffers Ang II–induced vasoconstriction via inhibition of NADPH oxidase–dependent reactive oxygen species production.
Identification of Two Novel Mitochondrial DNA Deletions Induced by Ionizing Radiation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

我们识别电离的目的在人的淋巴细胞的导致放射的 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA ) 删除和他们在正常人口的分发。用为人的 mitochondrial 染色体特定的二份教材的方法远程的聚合酶链反应(PCR ) 被用来分析 lymphoblastoid 房间线追随者暴露到 10 条 Gy 60Co 光线。有限条件的 PCR，克隆并且定序技术被使用验证与远程的 PCR 检测的 mtDNA 删除。人的外部血样品与 0， 2 和 6 Gy 60Co -rays, 被照耀，即时 PCR 分析被执行验证 mtDNA 删除。以便在正常人口知道 mtDNA 删除的分发， 222 个健康中国成年人也被调查。结果二 mtDNA 删除， 7455-bp 删除(在重海滨的 nt475-nt7929 ) 和 9225-bp 删除(在重海滨的 nt7714 -nt369 ) ，直接发生在二 8-bp 之间重复，用远程的 PCR 在 lymphoblastoid 房间被识别，有限条件的 PCR 并且定序。这些结果也为 60Co 光线被观察照耀的人的外部血房间。结论二新奇 mtDNA 删除， 7455-bp 删除和 9225-bp 删除，被电离导致放射。在一张正常人口以内的 mtDNA 删除的率与施主的年龄有关，但是独立于性。
The Effect of Stock Grafting of Nightshade Family on Quality and Disease Resistance

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The experiment used tomato as stock, eggplant as ingraftment,to study the plant characters, quality and disease resistance of grafted eggplant .The experiment result showed: grafted seedlings growth was obviously superior to spontaneous seedlings, mainly increased in plant height ,fruit length, fruit diameter and so on. fruit color was lighter than contral,but didn't change the main color of the fruit Dry matter weight,protein, Vc, carbohydrate were all increased than spontaneous seedling, but difference wasn't significant.Grafted seedling had trait of the fruit obvious resistance to verticillium wilt of eggplant.
Social work intervention with Bedouin-Arab children in the context of blood vengeance.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Blood vengeance is a culturally specific phenomenon that can place Bedouin-Arab children at high risk of neglect. This case study examines the psychological and social implications of vengeance on children, the children's coping strategies, and the role of social work. The social work function includes nonauthoritarianism, strategies for forming a positive helping alliance, and various forms of culturally sensitive assessment and intervention. The study therefore yields insight into bridging the emic-etic gap in conceptualizing and responding to child neglect in a non-Western society.
Tick–borne diseases risk assessment in Europe.

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Risk pre-assessment for vector borne diseases is essential for the identification of targeted vector and disease control actions. This is particularly important when assessing public health risk for newly emerging pathogens as those transmitted by the tick Ixodes ricinus under a global change scenario. Here I present the spatio-temporal distribution of 8037 questing ticks (nymphs and adults) collected by EDENext TBD partners during 2012 (4149 in Germany, 1917 in Slovakia, 966 in Italy, 790 in Hungary, 215 in Czech Republic). Comparisons of Ixodes ricinus abundance in each of the study sites have been focused at this stage mainly on nymphs, which represent the most important developmental stage of relevance for public health risk assessment. The number of nymphs collected in Hungary, Italy and Czech Republic are significantly less than those collected in Germany while in Slovakia questing ticks seems to be more than in Germany even though the difference is not significant. With respect to habitat types questing ticks are more abundant in natural sites compared to agricultural and urban sites. Finally, questing ticks are less abundant in 2012 with respect to those collected in 2011. However, it has to be remarked that the effect of both habitat type and year is not the same in all countries. In fact the model that includes interaction terms shows a significant effect of both country: habitat type and country: year
Real-time and programmable transcriptome sequencing with PROFIT-seq v1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

PROgrammable Full-length Isoform Transcriptome sequencing (PROFIT-seq) is a method that enriches target transcripts while maintaining unbiased quantification of the whole transcriptome. PROFIT-seq employs combinatorial reverse transcription to capture polyadenylated, non-polyadenylated, and circular RNAs, coupled with nanopore adaptive sampling that selectively enriches target transcripts during sequencing.
Detecting intrusion faults in remotely controlled systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose a method to detect an unauthorized control signal being sent to a remote-controlled system (deemed an ldquointrusion faultrdquo or ldquointrusionrdquo) despite attempts to conceal the intrusion. We propose adding a random perturbation to the control signal and using signal detection techniques to determine the presence of that signal in observations of the system. Detection of these perturbations indicates that an authorized or ldquotrustedrdquo operator is in control of the system. We analyze a worst case scenario (in terms of detection of the intrusion), discuss construction of signal detectors, and demonstrate our method through a simple example of a point robot with dynamics.
Polytopal complexes: maps, chain complexes and... necklaces

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The notion of polytopal map between two polytopal complexes is defined. Surprisingly, this definition is quite simple and extends naturally those of simplicial and cubical maps. It is then possible to define an induced chain map between the associated chain complexes. Finally, we use this new tool to give the first combinatorial proof of the splitting necklace theorem of Alon. The paper ends with open questions, such as the existence of Sperner's lemma for a polytopal complex or the existence of a cubical approximation theorem.
Quick Reference: Motion at the Wrist, Elbow, and Shoulder

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract When they assess impairment, examiners must determine what “loss, loss of use, or derangement of any body part, organ system, or organ function,” occurred, according to the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, ( AMA Guides ), Fifth Edition. At the same time, the AMA Guides cautions examiners to avoid “double dipping,” or rating the same impairment twice: “Related but separate conditions are rated separately[,] and impairment ratings are combined unless criteria for the second impairment are included in the primary impairment.” For example, it is not appropriate for an examiner who is rating spinal impairment using a Diagnosis-related estimate (DRE) category to award an additional 3% whole person impairment (WPI) beyond the baseline rating for the category because of limitation in activities of daily living (ADLs), presumably at least in part because of residual pain, and then to award a further impairment rating for pain based on Chapter 18. Rather, the AMA Guides notes that “the impairment ratings in the body organ system chapters make allowance for any accompanying pain.” Duplicative and, therefore, erroneously inflated ratings sometimes are performed by physicians who are less experienced in using the AMA Guides or those who, due to patient advocacy or other reason, want to maximize ratings.
How Important Is the Organic Part of Lead Halide Perovskite Photovoltaic Cells? Efficient CsPbBr3 Cells

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite photovoltaic cells have already surpassed 20% conversion efficiency in the few years that they have been seriously studied. However, many fundamental questions still remain unanswered as to why they are so good. One of these is "Is the organic cation really necessary to obtain high quality cells?" In this study, we show that an all-inorganic version of the lead bromide perovskite material works equally well as the organic one, in particular generating the high open circuit voltages that are an important feature of these cells.
Jet Bundles on Gorenstein Curves and Applications

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In the last twenty years a number of papers appeared aiming to construct locally free replacements of the sheaf of principal parts for families of Gorenstein curves. The main goal of this survey is to present to the widest possible audience of mathematical readers a catalogue of such constructions, discussing the related literature and reporting on a few applications to classical problems in Enumerative Algebraic Geometry.
Multi-temperature X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility studies of a solvated mixed-valence trinuclear iron formate, [Fe3O(HCO2)6(NC5H4CH3)3]·1.3(NC5H4CH3)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Structural analysis of the solvated mixed-valence (MV) trinuclear iron carboxylate, [Fe3O(HCO2)(6)(gamma- pic)(3)].x(gamma-pic), 1, (gamma-pic = 4-methylpyridine; x approximate to 1.3), has been performed from X-ray diffraction data at four temperatures. Analysis of the X-ray diffraction and variable temperature Mossbauer data for 1 clearly shows the presence of localised valence states for iron atoms at and below 100 K. Both physical methods agree that compound 1 exhibits a continuously growing degree of electron transfer (ET) between the three iron sites with increasing temperature; however, the extent of ET is significantly larger for one of the iron(III) sites. All three terminal gamma-pic groups remain ordered at and below room temperature, whereas the gamma-pic solvent molecules have a temperature dependent disorder over a number of positions. The distribution of the solvent over disorder positions is suggested to influence the degree of ET between the metal sites. From the molecular geometry in the Fe3O-core, an estimate of 260 cm(-1) in energy difference between the two vibronic states corresponding to electronic localisation on either of the two iron atoms involved in ET is obtained. This value is close to an estimate for the energy difference assessed by using a Blume-Emery-Griffith Hamiltonian to describe the localised-delocalised transition in mixed valence molecular compounds.
Oxidation kinetics and melting profiles of the structured lipids used in infant cookies

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this study, fats extracted from cookies for infant and structured lipids of milkfat (MF), rapeseed oil (RSO), and concentrate of fish (ROPUFA) oil used to bake these cookies were oxidized. The experiments were done at five different heating rates with the use of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The onset oxidation temperature ( T on , °C) was determined as the intersection of the extrapolated baseline and the tangent line (leading edge) of the recorded exotherm. The kinetic parameters of the oxidation process (activation energy, pre‐exponential factor, and reaction rate constants) were calculated using the Ozawa–Flynn–Wall method and the Arrhenius equation. The activation energy for analyzed lipids ranged from 91.97 to 199.71 kJ/mol and the pre‐exponential factors ranged from 1.82 × 10 11 to 4.11 × 10 22 min −1 . Fat extracted from cookies was characterized by a better oxidative parameters than fat used to bake them. In the experiment, the melting characteristic of structured lipids in comparison to the starting mixture was also done. The melting curves were recorded by DSC. The results indicate that structured lipids are complex mixtures of various TAGs with wide‐ranging melting points. Practical applications: The kinetic parameters obtained in this paper are thermodynamically and kinetically consistent and can help to predict oxidative stability of interesterified fats‐based products. The use of DSC method seems to be suitable for predicting the shelf life of the cookies intended for infants and children. It also saves a lot of time, which is very precious in quality control. Lipase‐catalyzed interesterification of milk fat, rapeseed oil, and concentrate of fish oil at weight ratio 4:5:1 was performed for producing structured lipids intended as fat to bake cookies for infant and young children. The melting characteristics of TAGs fractions for starting mixture and structured lipids was done using DSC. The mixture of MF, RSO, and ROPUFA before interesterification exhibited a four peaks. Interesterification produced noteworthy changes in the melting profile, whereas blending alone resulted in a dilution effect. All exhibited a wide melting range, with four distinct peaks. The kinetic parameters of the oxidation process (activation energy, pre‐exponential factor, and reaction rate constants) were calculated using the Ozawa–Flynn–Wall method and the Arrhenius equation. Fat extracted from cookies was characterized by a better oxidative parameters than fat used to bake them.
Reliability-Based Structural Optimization Using Hybrid High Dimensional Model Representation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A design method of reliability-based structural optimization has a powerful advantage because some random variables can be considered. However, the sensitivity analysis of reliability with respect to random variables is very complicated and its computational cost is very expensive. Thus, in this paper, based on hybrid high dimensional model representation (HDMR) and first order second moment (FOSM) method, a new method for the reliability-based structural optimization is proposed. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the computational efficiency of the proposed method. It is shown that the proposed method can reduce the number of finite element calculation and has the high efficiency.
Phototoxicity and Cell Passage Affect Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Levels and Sensitivity Towards Non-Thermal Plasma Treatment in Fluorescently-Labeled Cancer Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Raw data for the manuscript "Phototoxicity and Cell Passage Affect Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Levels and Sensitivity Towards Non-Thermal Plasma Treatment in Fluorescently-Labeled Cancer Cells".