jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Alcaptonuria: A Case Complicated with Valvular Heart Disease and Immunodeficiency.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 75-year-old man was diagnosed with alcaptonuria by direct identification of homogentisic acid in the urine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Complications included valvular heart disease with marked calcification detected by two-dimensional color-Doppler echocardiography and recurrent bacterial infection. Immunological analyses revealed a reduced number of T cells with compensatory expansion of CD56+, CD57+ natural killer (NK) cell population and impaired functions of cellular immunity such as phytohemagglutinin response, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, NK activity and interleukin-2 production. Humoral immunity and neutrophil functions were considered to be normal. This is the first reported case of alcaptonuria to our knowledge in which immunological abnormality was documented.
Incorporation of noncomplementary nucleotides at high frequencies by ribodeoxyvirus DNA polymerases and Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The fidelity of DNA synthesis with synthetic homopolymer templates by two ribodeoxyvirus DNA polymerases and E. coli DNA polymerase I was examined by nearest neighbor frequency analyses. The experiments were designed to favor the incorporation of noncomplementary nucleotides, and the reactions were carried out only for short periods of time. All incorporations were template dependent. The frequency of incorporation of noncomplementary nucleotides next to complementary nucleotides by all three of these DNA polymerases significantly varied, depending on the conditions, from almost none (less than 0.2%) to 100% of the incorporation of the complementary nucleotide. In general, there was more incorporation of noncomplementary nucleotides in the presence of Mn2+ than in the presence of Mg2+ and with ribohomopolymer templates than with deoxyribohomopolymer templates. With a heteropolymer RNA template, the infidelity of DNA synthesis by one of the ribodeoxyvirus DNA polymerases was also increased by the presence of Mn2+ in the DNA synthesizing reaction. These findings indicate that, under appropriate conditions, any DNA polymerase has the potential to make a significatn number of errors in DNA synthesis and that altered conditions for DNA polymerase action might play a role in spontaneous mutation.
A Guide To Flare System Design, With Particular Reference To Offshore Platforms

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT If an offshore flare system is designed without being integrated from the start with that of the overall platform, the resulting system will be less effective than need be in terms of safety, cost, energy efficiency and operability. This paper presents a guide to the most important, factors to be considered in designing offshore flare systems, including safety, process requirements and pollution, noise and radiation from flares. The methods used to calculate flare radiation are reviewed critically. Case studies are cited to illustrate the cost and material benefits which can be achieved if the flare system is considered from the outset as an integral part of the production process equipment. INTRODUCTION In land based oil fields flaring has not been an important part of the process since the flare could, until recently, be sited well away from the plant and its environmental impact minimised. Engineers were often tempted to write the words ‘To the Flare’ on an arrow pointing off the edge of a process flow sheet and then forget them. Quite often this represented the bulk of the initial design information for the flare system and the detailed design was not considered until near the end of the project. The flare system then had to meet the diverse and often conflicting requirements of a multiplicity of gas sources, making design optimisation difficult if not impossible. For offshore fields, particularly in deep water locations, the flare is an important part of the process because economics often prohibit locating it sufficiently far away to have no impact on the platform. It thus needs to be considered in detail at the initial design stage since to some extent the flare system can have a significant influence on the process design and oil production rate. Early consideration makes available a greater number of options and leads to the most efficient and cost effective system. A previous paperl described how the development of new high technology flares has made on-platform flaring viable, and by eliminating the need for a separate flare platform has resulted in enormous cost savings for deep water locations such as the North Sea. The flare is much closer to the operator and previously used design calculation methods involving many implicit assumptions are no longer satisfactory. Under-design will lead to potentially unsafe operation whereas over-design carries enormous cost penalties. This paper presents a guide to the most important factors in designing offshore flare systems and looks critically into one of the most important aspects - accurate prediction of flare radiation. Case studies are presented which highlight the fact that offshore flare design is not a simple matter and that fairly detailed analysis is required to produce the most economic system.
A New Notion of Fuzzy Local Function and Some Applications

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a new notion of fuzzy local function called r -fuzzy local function is introduced, and some properties are given in a fuzzy ideal topological space X , τ , ℓ in Šostak sense. After that, the concepts of fuzzy upper (resp., lower) almost ℓ -continuous, weakly ℓ -continuous, and almost weakly ℓ -continuous multifunctions are introduced. Some properties and characterizations of these multifunctions along with their mutual relationships are discussed with the help of examples.
Behaviour, Hygiene, and Lameness of Dairy Cows in a Compost Barn During Cold Seasons in a Subtropical Climate

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract This study aimed to assess the thermal environment, behaviour, hygiene, and lameness in dairy cows with different numbers of lactations housed in a compost-bedded pack barn system in a humid subtropical climate during autumn and winter. Between April and July 2016, behavioural and microclimatic environment assessments were conducted in a compost barn system, and hygiene and lameness assessments were performed. Crossbred cows in lactation (n = 10) were divided into two groups according to the number of lactations: primiparous and multiparous. Air temperature, relative humidity, and air ventilation speed were measured at 09:00, 12:00, and 15:00. The cows’ hygiene and lameness were evaluated using subjective scores ranging from 1 to 4 and 1 to 5, respectively. The daytime behaviour assessment was performed as sampling 0/1, using the focal method. Primiparous cows showed a greater probability of walking (P<0.05) than multiparous cows between 09:20 and 11:20, and at 15:20, and increased the water intake at 14:00. Regarding the eating behaviour and the effect of time of day within each group (P<0.05), the cows ate more in the morning’s early hours. The cows’ hygiene scores were 1 or 2, and most cows presented scores of 1 or 2 for lameness. Our research has shown that microclimatic variables may influence the walking behaviour and water intake of primiparous cows during the hottest periods of the day, even during cold weather, in a humid subtropical climate. The dairy cows showed low hygiene and lameness scores, which indicates that the compost bar positively influenced cleanliness and locomotion comfort.
Control of Pyrimidine Biosynthesis in Mammalian Tissues

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Control of Pyrimidine Biosynthesis in Mammalian Tissues: V. Regulation of Glutamine-dependent Carbamyl Phosphate Synthetase: Activation by 5-Phosphoribosyl 1-Pyrophosphate and Inhibition by Uridine Triphosphate Get access Masamiti TATIBANA, Masamiti TATIBANA The Department of Biochemistry, Chiba University School of MedicineInohana, Chiba Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Katsuya SHIGESADA Katsuya SHIGESADA The Department of Biochemistry, Chiba University School of MedicineInohana, Chiba Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Biochemistry, Volume 72, Issue 3, September 1972, Pages 549–560, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a129934 Published: 01 September 1972 Article history Received: 20 December 1971 Published: 01 September 1972
Awareness and Attitudes of Medical Students, Interns, and Residents Toward Telemedicine in Medical Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Survey-Based Cross-Sectional Study From Northern Iran

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND Telemedicine is widely used in medical treatment and education systems. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the attitudes and awareness of medical students about it. We aimed to examine the awareness and attitudes of medical students, interns and residents toward telemedicine in medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD This cross-sectional study was conducted after new educational approaches were implemented due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Two questionnaires were used to assess the new educational methodologies. Participants included residents (R), interns (I), and students (S) from the internal medicine department. A census sampling method was employed, inviting all medical education members who met the entry criteria to participate. The data were analyzed descriptively, and group differences were tested using chi-square, independent samples T-test, Mann–Whitney, and Kruskal–Wallis tests. RESULT Out of 278 medical education members eligible to participate, 249 (89.5%) completed the study. The mean score for participants’ attitudes was above 3 ( M = 3.78, SD = 0.24) indicating a generally favorable view of telemedicine. A significant gap was noted between participants’ awareness and attitudes, with residents showing the lowest scores in both areas ( P-value = .02). Our assessment revealed that “Satisfaction with the platform and facilities for e-classes” received the highest consensus from residents and interns, rated moderately agreeable by students (R: 64.5%, I: 59.7%, S: 48.8%). Responses to “Using e-learning courses alongside postcrisis face-to-face courses” and “Using e-learning courses alone postcrisis” varied among the groups (R: 58.1% and 54.9%, I: 59% and 58.2%, S: 47.6% and 45.3%). CONCLUSION The results of this survey reveal that medical students and interns may demonstrate a favorable awareness and attitude toward telemedicine. Consequently, developing educational programs and enhancing exposure to telemedicine should be considered since these elements could be vital for the future training of medical professionals.
Multi-contrast magnetic resonance image reconstruction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In clinical exams, multi-contrast images from conventional MRI are scanned with the same field of view (FOV) for complementary diagnostic information, such as proton density- (PD-), T1- and T2-weighted images. Their sharable information can be utilized for more robust and accurate image reconstruction. In this work, we propose a novel model and an efficient algorithm for joint image reconstruction and coil sensitivity estimation in multi-contrast partially parallel imaging (PPI) in MRI. Our algorithm restores the multi-contrast images by minimizing an energy function consisting of an L2-norm fidelity term to reduce construction errors caused by motion, a regularization term of underlying images to preserve common anatomical features by using vectorial total variation (VTV) regularizer, and updating sensitivity maps by Tikhonov smoothness based on their physical property. We present the numerical results including T1- and T2-weighted MR images recovered from partially scanned k-space data and provide the comparisons between our results and those obtained from the related existing works. Our numerical results indicate that the proposed method using vectorial TV and penalties on sensitivities can be made promising and widely used for multi-contrast multi-channel MR image reconstruction.
Substance Use Among Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ObjectiveAdolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk for alcohol and marijuana use. This study's objective is to describe adolescents' ADHD-specific reasons for marijuana use, knowledge of ADHD-specific alcohol risks, and reported subspecialty provider messaging/education regarding alcohol use among adolescents with ADHD.MethodsYouths with ADHD aged 12 to 18 years completed a survey about alcohol and marijuana use, ADHD-specific reasons for marijuana use, knowledge of ADHD-specific alcohol risks, and reported provider messaging/education regarding alcohol use. We assessed knowledge toward substance use using descriptive statistics. We used χ and t tests to determine whether knowledge or provider messaging/education differed by sociodemographic characteristics.ResultsOf the 96 participants, 61.5% were male, average age was 15.7 years; 31.3% reported past-year alcohol use and 20.8% reported past-year marijuana use. The majority (65.2%) said "no/don't know" to both "Can alcohol make ADHD symptoms worse?" and "Can alcohol interfere or get in the way of the medications you take?" Older participants were more likely to correctly answer the medication question "yes." Despite most (74%) participants reporting that their provider asked about alcohol use, few youth reported that their providers gave specific messages/education that alcohol could make ADHD symptoms worse (9.4%) or interfere with ADHD medications (14.6%); older participants and past-year alcohol users were more likely to have received these alcohol-specific messages.ConclusionMany youth with ADHD are unaware of the risks of alcohol use in relation to ADHD and providers are not consistently discussing these risks in the context of clinical ADHD care.
Attenuated improvements in adiponectin and fat loss characterize type 2 diabetes non‐remission status after bariatric surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim To identify the metabolic determinants of type 2 diabetes non‐remission status after bariatric surgery at 12 and 24 months. Methods A total of 40 adults [mean ± sd body mass index 36 ± 3 kg/m 2 , age 48 ± 9 years, glycated haemoglobin ( HbA1c ) 9.7 ± 2%) undergoing bariatric surgery [Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass ( RYGB ) or sleeve gastrectomy ( SG )] were enrolled in the present study, the Surgical Treatment and Medication Potentially Eradicate Diabetes Efficiently ( STAMPEDE ) trial. Type 2 diabetes remission was defined as HbA1c <6.5% and fasting glucose <126 mg/dl (i.e. <7 mmol/l) without antidiabetic medication. Indices of insulin secretion and sensitivity were calculated from plasma glucose, insulin and C‐peptide values during a 120‐min mixed‐meal tolerance test. Body fat, incretins (glucagon‐like polypeptide‐1, gastric inhibitory peptide, ghrelin) and adipokines [adiponectin, leptin, tumour necrosis factor‐α, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐ CRP )] were also assessed. Results At 24 months, 37 patients had available follow‐up data ( RYGB , n = 18; SG , n = 19). Bariatric surgery induced type 2 diabetes remission rates of 40 and 27% at 12 and 24 months, respectively. Total fat/abdominal fat loss, insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity and β‐cell function (C‐peptide 0–120 /glucose 0–120 × Matsuda index) improved more in those with remission at 12 and 24 months than in those without remission. Incretin levels were unrelated to type 2 diabetes remission, but, compared with those without remission, hs‐ CRP decreased and adiponectin increased more in those with remission. Only baseline adiponectin level predicted lower HbA1c levels at 12 and 24 months, and elevated adiponectin correlated with enhanced β‐cell function, lower triglyceride levels and fat loss. Conclusions Smaller rises in adiponectin level, a mediator of insulin action and adipose mass, characterize type 2 diabetes non‐remission up to 2 years after bariatric surgery. Adjunctive strategies promoting greater fat loss and/or raising adiponectin may be key to achieving higher type 2 diabetes remission rates after bariatric surgery.
ANALISIS UJI MIKROBA PADA MINUMAN COCOGHURT

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cocoghurt is a fermented drink made from coconut milk sediment. This study aims to analyze the microbial test on cocogurt drink. In this study the tests carried out were salmonella, coliform, escherichia coli, and bacillus tests using the Most Likely Number (APM) method in accordance with SNI 01-2897-1992, in addition to this test using a presumptive test approach or estimation and confirmation or confirmation with using liquid media in test tubes and carried out based on the number of positive tubes. Samples that were confirmed positive could be seen by the appearance of gas in the Durham tube and the bacillus test was carried out by observing using a binocular microscope with two temperature treatments, namely 400 C and 40 C. The Coliform and E. coli tests that had been carried out showed that the cocoghurt contained coliform bacteria contamination. of <3 APM/g and Escherichia coli of <3 APM/g. The amount of contaminants from the microbial test results is within the safe limit of the Indonesian National Standard for fermented beverages.
Prediction and Optimization of Biogas Production from OMW Digestion Using Fenton Pre-Treatment Process with Particle Swarm Optimization

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Olive mill wastewater (OMW) has a high impact the environment.OMW has a high organic load, as well as high hazardous properties and low biodegradability.This necessitates the development and optimization of innovative treatment technologies.The classic Fenton's process (FP), which acts under environmental circumstances, offers an interesting option.The focus of this research is to investigate the FP (at various H2O2 concentrations and Fe +2 /H2O2 ratios) influences OMW's anaerobic digestion (AD).The results revealed that the higher removal efficiency of TCOD, BOD5, and polyphenols was achieved at FP-2-2 (2 g/kgVS of H2O2 concentrations and a ratio of 0.006 of Fe +2 /H2O2 (w/w)), which attained higher biogas yield (0.311 Nm 3 /kgVS) and CH4 content (68.3%).The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was developed to model and optimize biogas and CH4 production by detecting the optimal TCOD, BOD5, and polyphenol reduction by implementing various FPs.According to the PSO model, the optimum values of H2O2 and Fe +2 / H2O2 ratio were 2.0256 g/kgVS and 0.00608 for maximum removal efficiency of TCOD, 2.0019 g/kgVS for maximum removal efficiency of BOD5, and 2.0679 g/kgVS for maximum removal efficiency of polyphenols.Also, the curve fitting cftool was used by the MATLAB program to predict the biogas production at a different dose of FP.The result of fitting showed a good agreement between actual and predicted results.
The Effect of Asymmetric Information on the Pricing of Equity Issuance

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Purpose: This paper examined the adverse selection in the market for seasoned equity issuance. Methodology: The asymmetric information explained the price reduction at the date of equity issuance. In particular, equity issuance tended to follow credible information releases since companies issued equity when the market was the most informed about the quality of their firms. The paper exploited brokerage mergers as a quasi-natural experiment that increased information asymmetry through their effect on the extent of research coverage by sell-side equity analysts. Findings: The broker mergers unexpectedly terminated brokers operation, and the level of analyst coverage decreased for the firms previously covered by these analysts. This paper showed that the cumulative abnormal return was positive around the date of equity issuance when asymmetric information increased and more substantial for stocks that lost analyst coverage relative to the stocks that never lost any coverage. Moreover, affected companies by the brokerage mergers issued more equity after the events compared to the control group. This paper showed the causal impact of losing analyst coverage on price at the time of equity issuance.
Cyber Politics in South Asia: Navigating the Digital Battleground

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The cyber domain in South Asia has proven to be a tumultuous field for three major players Pakistan, India, and Chinese. The paper attempts to understand how cyber politics has shaped cyberspace and why these actors behave the way they do. Through comparative research analysis, the paper has found that cyber politics in South Asia is competitive rather than cooperative where nation-states have weaponized cyberspace and turned it into a battleground. Though most cyber hostilities are largely limited to web defacements and cyber espionage, these activities have hampered the cyber stability of the region. This is in large part due to the “Anonymous” trait of the cyber domain where cyber actors are incentivized to take hostile actions, as there is a lower cost of action and the probability of escalation is low. Conflict in the cyber domain is largely composed of unknown actors who operate globally and independently of state actors. In this “environment, " South Asia has seen major cyber projects like the Digital Silk Road, which has provided hardened cyber connectivity between traditional allies of China and Pakistan. This has led to a shrinking cyberspace for India as it faces cyber threats from Pakistan and China.
4 Dirty Little Secrets About the Chesterfield Leather Sofas Industry

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

For those who have a corner in your home that is seemingly Pretty much absolutely nothing but wasted Area, you should have a look at a corner sofa. With a corner couch, that unpleasant corner Position might come to be a beneficial Residence for the couch that finishes in a comfortable and inviting lounge. Or you could possibly decide to get hold of a couch that just gracefully turns the corner, presenting loads of seating for that future gathering. There are actually leather-primarily based corner sofas obtainable in wide selection or variations and hues. There are various Positive areas to the leather-based sofa. The most obvious just one is how effortless They are genuinely to wash. Dust and Dust are merely eradicated utilizing a moist rag. They must be positioned In any case thirty centimetres from heat means so they don't dry out, and you must keep clear of positioning them in pretty sunny locations as their colour can fade. A leather-based conditioner ought to be used continuously to hold the leather-centered supple, shiny and thoroughly clean. When these safeguards may perhaps have to have fairly extra cure and a spotlight within your element, they will supply you with Several additional a very long time of satisfaction out with the leather-based mostly household furniture.