jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of bis[2‐(dimethylarsino)ethyl]amine (daea) and its complexation with rh(i) and Pd(II)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The preparation of the new chelating ‘HYBRID’ ligand containing secondary amine and tertiary arsine donors HN(CH 2 CH 2 AsMe 2 ) 2 is described. The simple coordination chemistry with [RhCl(COD)] 2 (COD = cycloocta‐1,5‐diene) and Na 2 PdCl 4 to give square planar complexes is also reported.
The Theory is Predictive, but is it Complete?

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

When we test a theory using data, it is common to focus on correctness: do the predictions of the theory match what we see in the data? But we also care about completeness: how much of the predictable variation in the data is captured by the theory? This question is difficult to answer, because in general we do not know how much "predictable variation" there is in the problem. In this paper, we consider approaches motivated by machine learning algorithms as a means of constructing a benchmark for the best attainable level of prediction.
Using Social Media to Predict Food Deserts in the United States: Infodemiology Study of Tweets (Preprint)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND

The issue of food insecurity is becoming increasingly important to public health practitioners because of the adverse health outcomes and underlying racial disparities associated with insufficient access to healthy foods. Prior research has used data sources such as surveys, geographic information systems, and food store assessments to identify regions classified as food deserts but perhaps the individuals in these regions unknowingly provide their own accounts of food consumption and food insecurity through social media. Social media data have proved useful in answering questions related to public health; therefore, these data are a rich source for identifying food deserts in the United States.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to develop, from geotagged Twitter data, a predictive model for the identification of food deserts in the United States using the linguistic constructs found in food-related tweets.

METHODS

Twitter’s streaming application programming interface was used to collect a random 1% sample of public geolocated tweets across 25 major cities from March 2020 to December 2020. A total of 60,174 geolocated food-related tweets were collected across the 25 cities. Each geolocated tweet was mapped to its respective census tract using point-to-polygon mapping, which allowed us to develop census tract–level features derived from the linguistic constructs found in food-related tweets, such as tweet sentiment and average nutritional value of foods mentioned in the tweets. These features were then used to examine the associations between food desert status and the food ingestion language and sentiment of tweets in a census tract and to determine whether food-related tweets can be used to infer census tract–level food desert status.

RESULTS

We found associations between a census tract being classified as a food desert and an increase in the number of tweets in a census tract that mentioned unhealthy foods (<i>P</i>=.03), including foods high in cholesterol <i>(P</i>=.02<i>)</i> or low in key nutrients such as potassium (<i>P</i>=.01). We also found an association between a census tract being classified as a food desert and an increase in the proportion of tweets that mentioned healthy foods (<i>P</i>=.03) and fast-food restaurants (<i>P</i>=.01) with positive sentiment. In addition, we found that including food ingestion language derived from tweets in classification models that predict food desert status improves model performance compared with baseline models that only include socioeconomic characteristics.

CONCLUSIONS

Social media data have been increasingly used to answer questions related to health and well-being. Using Twitter data, we found that food-related tweets can be used to develop models for predicting census tract food desert status with high accuracy and improve over baseline models. Food ingestion language found in tweets, such as census tract–level measures of food sentiment and healthiness, are associated with census tract–level food desert status.
Israelites and Judaeans in the Neo-Assyrian Documentation (732–602b.c.e.): An Overview of the Sources and a Socio-Historical Assessment

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The core of the meager documentation of Israelite and Judaean exiles and their descendants in Assyria consists almost entirely of individuals bearing Yahwistic names and their blood relatives. The statistical sample of 72 individuals obtained from this documentation, with bearers of Yahwistic names constituting no fewer than 54%, is probably not optimally representative. On the other hand, bearers of Yahwistic names in a sizable comparative sample from Israel and Judah (from ca. 800 to 701 b.c.e.) before and during the deportations (i.e., 732–701 b.c.e.) constitute only 43%. This article closes this gap by extending the pool of Israelites-Judaeans in Assyria by 29 additional individuals. The expanded sample of 101 individuals has only about 43% bearers of Yahwistic names. Admittedly, most of these new members are characterized by lower degreees of plausibility than those of the original core documention. Nevertheless, very few have doubtful relevance. On the whole, the addition of these individuals does not significantly alter the socioeconomic profile of the entire sample. This article attempts to shed light on the survival of the Israelites-Judaeans as a distinct group in Mesopotamia. There is some evidence that members of the Israelites-Judaeans residing in Assyria and upper Mesopotamia were among the Assyrians who emigrated or were forcibly brought to Babylonia after the breakdown of the Assyrian Empire.
Sometimes fish, sometimes fowl? Liminality, identity work and identity malleability in graduate teaching assistants

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Graduate teaching assistants (GTAs) have been described as being ‘neither fish nor fowl’, occupying a role between student and teacher. Their multiple identities are commonly framed within the literature as a key challenge. The present study explored the perspectives of GTAs when discussing their teaching work, through activity-oriented focus groups with nine GTAs from a UK university. Thematic analysis revealed that whilst GTAs showed a lack of clarity over their identity, they are actively involved in the process of ‘identity work’ through negotiating an emerging professional identity. Furthermore, liminality of status, being neither fully a student nor teacher, allows GTAs to operate with identity malleability, adjusting their most salient identity to meet the demands of the situation. It is argued that rather than occupying an ‘ambiguous niche’, GTAs occupy a ‘unique niche’ and the identity malleability they possess affords the optimum conditions in which to engage in identity work.
Coupling efficiencies of beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptors expressed alone or together in transfected GH3 pituitary cells.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The relationship between rat beta(1)- and beta(2)-adrenergic receptors (ARs) and cyclic AMP (cAMP) responses was examined by inducible expression of each subtype in transfected GH(3) pituitary cells. Increasing expression of beta(1)- or beta(2)-ARs in stably transfected subclones increased basal cAMP, increased the potency of isoproterenol in stimulating cAMP formation, but did not change the maximal response. A linear relationship was observed between log B(max) and -log EC(50) for isoproterenol, with no significant differences between beta(1)- and beta(2)-ARs. When both subtypes were coexpressed at different densities and ratios, pharmacological analysis showed that both selective and nonselective agonists exerted their effects at least partially through both subtypes. Either subtype alone activated a maximal response when the other subtype was blocked, indicating a complete redundancy in coupling. Agonists could activate responses through either subtype, with responses mediated primarily through the subtype where the agonist was most potent. The nonselective agonist isoproterenol had similar potencies for activating both subtypes; however, the density and ratio of subtypes affected the relative potencies of the selective agonists norepinephrine and zinterol. We conclude that beta(1)- and beta(2)-ARs have similar coupling efficiencies in GH(3) cells, these efficiencies are not altered by coexpression of another subtype, they couple redundantly to cAMP formation, and the relative densities of beta(1)- and beta(2)-ARs control the potencies of selective agonists.
Communicative Competence as Perceived by Adults With Severe Speech Impairments Associated With Cerebral Palsy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The effects of aided message length (single-word vs. phrase-generated messages) and partner feedback (presence vs. absence of expanded message repetitions) on perceptions of the communicative competence of an adult augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) system user were examined. Subjects consisted of 12 nonambulatory adults with severe speech impairments associated with cerebral palsy. Four scripted videotaped conversational conditions involving the AAC system user and a typically speaking partner were employed to manipulate the two independent variables. A balanced incomplete block design was used. Following each viewing, subjects completed a questionnaire designed to assess the communicative competence of the AAC system user. Results indicated that neither independent variable had an impact on the subjects' ratings of communicative competence. Findings are compared with those from an earlier investigation, and clinical implications are discussed.
Experience with vascular grafts in total artificial heart replacement.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In total artificial heart replacement the pumps are attached to the vascular system with the help of connectors. These consist of a woven Dacron vessel graft to which a short silastic segment is vulcanized. In 36 calves surviving total artificial heart replacement between one and seven months (average 85 days) the morphological alterations due to interfacial reactions were studied: thrombus formation and neointimal fibrous hyperplasia at the anastomoses. In 15 calves (41.7%) thrombus growth within the outflow tract led to anastomotic stenosis: pulmonary artery 14 (93.3%), aorta-anastomosis 1 (2.8%), both vessels 1 (2.8%), in combination with pannus growth in atrial location 13 (86.7%). In 73.3% the pannus consisted of infected organized thrombus imitating the course of septic vegetative endocarditis. Two calves were reoperated in order to remove the vegetative thrombi, one successfully. In five animals pulmonary stenosis was the main cause of death. The presence and location of excessive tissue growth and thrombus formation within the outflow tract are also inherent to the fluid mechanical design of the valve. Neointimal fibrous hyperplasia at the anastomoses of the grafts seems to be a reparative process started up by platelet-induced subendothelial cell proliferation in response to intimal injuries.
Some Physiological and Biochemical Studies on Marine Fishes Rearing in Suez Canal Fish Farms

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present work was done to elucidate the impact of water quality in private fish farm in Suez Canal area and agricultural drainage water supply source (sectors A and B), Samples of three different fish species: seabream (Sparus aurata), Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), and Meagre (Argyrosomus regius) (sectors C, D and E), on the fish physiology, blood picture, biochemistry and accumulation of heavy metals in flesh and gills of the reared fishes.It was found that, water temperature in the different fish farm sectors around the year were significantly different, however, the pH was slightly basic.In spite of the water dissolved oxygen was around the suitable limits, its minimum value was recorded in the fish farm sector (C).Nonetheless, in this fish farm the maximum levels of salinity and total dissolved salts were recorded.Similarly, the ammonia, nitrite and nitrate concentrations were revealed in this fish farm.The relative dominance of heavy metals in the pond's water of the three investigated fish farm sectors all over the period of the study was Fe, Cu, Pb and Cd.However, heavy metals are highly accumulated in fish flesh of all fish farm sectors than in its water column.The muscle content of the detected heavy metals which accumulate in all examined fish species muscle and gills not exceeded the permitted value suggested by FAO/WHO.Metal pollution index realized its minimum levels in water and fish tissue.It is obvious that, the levels of all heavy metals detected in water samples and S. aurata, D. labrax and A. regius muscle tissues (the edible portion of fish) were under the notified permissible limits.Some of the measured parameters slightly exceeded the permissible limits recommended by regulatory agencies.
Contrast-enhanced breast cancer detection using dynamic microwave imaging

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This paper presents numerical studies of contrast-enhanced breast cancer detection using dynamic microwave-radar imaging system. Using three-dimensional heterogeneous breast models, we present a comprehensive feasibility study based on full-wave electromagnetic simulations. Computational results reveal that even a 1% change in the average electrical properties of cancerous tissues due to the uptake of the contrast agent is sufficient to be detected using the microwave radar system. As the contrast agent we consider gold nanoparticles. Our results suggest that nanoparticles could provide detectable changes in clinically relevant concentrations
PENINGKATAN PENGUASAAN MUFRADAT MELALUI METODE TAKE AND GIVE DI MTS NEGERI 1 PATI JAWA TENGAH

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study aims to determine how the application of Take and Give (TG) method in learning Arabic could increase studentsÔÇÖ vocabulary mastery at MTs Negeri 1 Pati. This was Classroom Action Research (CAR) with two cycles, each of which includes 3 stages, namely 1) planning, 2) implementing and observation, and 3) reflection. Data collection techniques were tests and non-tests. While the research instruments were pre-test items, post-test items and observation sheets. Data were analyzed using comparative descriptive technique by comparing the learning outcomes of pre-cycle, cycle I and cycle II. As a result, Take and Give method could be used as an alternative teaching method to learn mufradat (vocabulary). The studentsÔÇÖ learning outcome increased significantly from the initial conditions (pre-cycle) with 21.05% KKM completeness, then increased about 47.37% in cycle I and increased again to 92.11% in cycle II. This meets the indicators of success that at least 75% of all students achieve learning mastery.
P.A. Vyazemsky’s Poetic Heritage

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The paper focuses on the preliminary systemic insights into P.A. Vyazemsky’s poetic heritage (1792–1878) based on the analysis of his numerous lifetime and posthumous publications (proved author’s, co-author’s, anonymous), the collection of letters written by Vyazemsky and his contemporaries, archival materials from the collections of the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art, Manuscript Research Department of the Russian State Library, Manuscript Department of the Institute of Russian Literature, Manuscript Department of the National Library of Russia, Manuscript Department of St. Petersburg State Theatre Library. They are based on the alphabetical bibliography of Vyazemsky's poems compiled by the project team, including almost 1,400 works (indicating their printed or archival sources with the necessary textual comments). The previously unknown poems that were not published or printed anonymously for some reason are revealed and partly put into scientific circulation. Among them, there are the patriotic poems “To the Current War”, “Who Needs Whom More?” attributed erroneously to other authors and popular in the 19th century. This research helped to broaden the understanding of Vyazemsky’s activity as a poet.
Observational evidence for binary black holes and active double nuclei

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

I review the observational evidence for the presence of supermassive binary black holes in galaxies and for the presence of active pairs of galaxies. According to hierarchical galaxy merger models, binary black holes should form frequently, and should be common in the cores of galaxies. The presence of massive black hole binaries has been invoked to explain a number of class properties of different types of galaxies, and in triggering various forms of activity. Coalescing massive black hole binaries are powerful emitters of gravitational waves. The search for such binary black holes is therefore of great interest for several topics in astrophysics ranging from galaxy formation to activity in galaxies.
Simultaneous Determination and Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Fuzi Water-Soluble Alkaloids between Normal and Acute Heart Failure Rats by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Method

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In order to compare the pharmacokinetics of Fuzi water-soluble alkaloids between normal and acute heart failure rats, an ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method for simultaneous determination of it in rat plasma was developed. Plasma samples were treated by protein precipitation method. Seven water-soluble alkaloids were separated on a CAPCELL column and detected under the optimized chromatography condition. The calibration curves of seven targeted components showed good linearity with r2 > 0.9990 with average recoveries from 82.72 to 103.33% and matrix effect ranged from 90.02 to 104.03%. The intra- and inter-batch relative standard deviations were <10.72%, and the relative error of accuracy was within the range of -12.79-4.44%, respectively. After oral administration, the pharmacokinetic characteristics of it were investigated. Compared with the normal group, the Cmax and AUClast (area under the plasma concentration-time curve from the time of dosing to the time of last quantifiable concentration) of seven components except 3-Methoxy-p-tyramine Hydrochloride were obviously increased with remarkable prolonged t1/2 in acute heart failure group. In conclusion, a rapid, simple and sensitive UPLC method for the simultaneous quantification of seven water-soluble alkaloids in rat plasma was developed and validated for the first time. And the study showed that the disease condition had an impact on pharmacokinetics of Fuzi water-soluble alkaloids in rats in vivo.
A Game Theoretic Model for Aggregate Bypassing Behavior of Vehicles at Traffic Diverges

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Vehicle bypassing is known to negatively affect delays at traffic diverges. However, due to the complexities of this phenomenon, accurate and yet simple models of such lane change maneuvers are hard to develop. In this work, we present a macroscopic model for predicting the number of vehicles that bypass at a traffic diverge. We take into account the selfishness of vehicles in selecting their lanes; every vehicle selects lanes such that its own cost is minimized. We discuss how we model the costs that are experienced by vehicles. Then, taking into account the selfish behavior of vehicles, we model the lane choice of vehicles at a traffic diverge as a Wardrop equilibrium. We state and prove the properties of Wardrop equilibrium in our model. We show that there always exists an equilibrium for our model. Moreover, unlike most nonlinear asymmetrical routing games, we prove that the equilibrium is unique under mild assumptions. We discuss how our model can be easily calibrated by running a simple optimization problem. Using our calibrated model, we validate it through simulation studies and demonstrate that our model successfully predicts the aggregate lane change maneuvers that are performed by vehicles for bypassing at a traffic diverge. We further discuss how our model can be employed to obtain the optimal lane choice behavior of vehicles, where the social or total cost of vehicles is minimized.
Ion-exchange demanganation of drinking waters in the Oktyabrsky District of the Jewish Autonomous Region

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The aim of the study is the analysis of the possible use of ion-exchange demanganization of drinking water in the Oktyabrsky District of the Jewish Autonomous Region to reduce the concentration of manganese to a value below MPC. For the ion-exchange demanganization of drinking water, a domestically-produced KU-2-8 ES cation exchanger and an imported Purolit C120 E cation exchanger were used as adsorbents. We used four different methods, reproducing purification with drinking filters in domestic conditions. We have determined that among 33 analyzed water samples, 16 of them, which were combined into groups No. 2 and No. 4, exceeded the MPC value for gross manganese. This fact indicates that these waters require treatment and conditioning for drinking purposes. We have revealed the ranges of concentrations for indicators of the physiological relevance of water: the total hardness is 1.5–7 meq / dm3, the calcium content is 25–130 mg / dm3, and the magnesium content is 5–65 mg / dm3. This fact indicates that the concentrations of calcium and magnesium, as well as the total hardness in the water, are below the lower limits of their physiologically relevant concentrations in drinking water.
Differential Association of the Pleckstrin Homology Domains of Phospholipases C-β1, C-β2, and C-δ1 with Lipid Bilayers and the βγ Subunits of Heterotrimeric G Proteins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains are recognized in more than 100 different proteins, including mammalian phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC) isozymes (isotypes beta, gamma, and delta). These structural motifs are thought to function as tethering devices linking their host proteins to membranes containing phosphoinositides or beta gamma subunits of heterotrimeric GTP binding (G) proteins. Although the PH domains of PLC-delta and PLC-gamma have been studied, the comparable domains of the beta isotypes have not. Here, we have measured the affinities of the isolated PH domains of PLC-beta 1 and -beta 2 (PH-beta 1 and PH-beta 2, respectively) for lipid bilayers and G-beta gamma subunits. Like the intact enzymes, these PH domains bind to membrane surfaces composed of zwitterionic phosphatidylcholine with moderate affinity. Inclusion of the anionic lipid phosphatidylserine or phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] and inclusion of G-beta gamma subunits had little affect on their membrane affinity. In contrast, binding of PLC-delta 1 or its PH domain was highly dependent on PI(4,5)P2. We also determined whether these domains laterally associate with G-beta gamma subunits bound to membrane surfaces using fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Affinities for G-beta gamma were in the following order: PH-beta 2 >/= PH-beta 1 > PH-delta 1; the affinities of the native enzyme were as follows: PLC-beta 2 >> PLC-delta 1 > PLC-beta 1. Thus, the PH domain of PLC-beta 1 interacts with G-beta gamma in isolation, but not in the context of the native enzyme. By contrast, docking of the PH domain of PLC-beta2 with G-beta gamma is comparable to that of the full-length protein and may play a key role in G-beta gamma recognition.