jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Antibodies Directed toward Neuraminidase N1 Control Disease in a Mouse Model of Influenza

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT There is increasing evidence to suggest that antibodies directed toward influenza A virus (IAV) neuraminidase (NA) are an important correlate of protection against influenza in humans. Moreover, the potential of NA-specific antibodies to provide broader protection than conventional hemagglutinin (HA) antibodies has been recognized. Here, we describe the isolation of two monoclonal antibodies, N1-7D3 and N1-C4, directed toward the N1 NA. N1-7D3 binds to a conserved linear epitope in the membrane-distal, carboxy-terminal part of the NA and reacted with the NA of seasonal H1N1 isolates ranging from 1977 to 2007 and the 2009 H1N1pdm virus, as well as A/Vietnam/1194/04 (H5N1). However, N1-7D3 lacked NA inhibition (NI) activity and the ability to protect BALB/c mice against a lethal challenge with a range of H1N1 viruses. Conversely, N1-C4 bound to a conformational epitope that is conserved between two influenza virus subtypes, 2009 H1N1pdm and H5N1 IAV, and displayed potent in vitro antiviral activity mediating both NI and plaque size reduction. Moreover, N1-C4 could provide heterosubtypic protection in BALB/c mice against a lethal challenge with 2009 H1N1pdm or H5N1 virus. Glutamic acid residue 311 in the NA was found to be critical for the NA binding and antiviral activity of monoclonal antibody N1-C4. Our data provide further evidence for cross-protective epitopes within the N1 subtype and highlight the potential of NA as an important target for vaccine and therapeutic approaches. IMPORTANCE Influenza remains a worldwide burden on public health. As such, the development of novel vaccines and therapeutics against influenza virus is crucial. Human challenge studies have recently highlighted the importance of antibodies directed toward the viral neuraminidase (NA) as an important correlate of reduced influenza-associated disease severity. Furthermore, there is evidence that anti-NA antibodies can provide broader protection than antibodies toward the viral hemagglutinin. Here, we describe the isolation and detailed characterization of two N1 NA-specific monoclonal antibodies. One of these monoclonal antibodies broadly binds N1-type NAs, and the second displays NA inhibition and in vitro and in vivo antiviral activity against 2009 H1N1pdm and H5N1 influenza viruses. These two new anti-NA antibodies contribute to our understanding of the antigenic properties and protective potential of the influenza virus NA antigen.
Summer Accelerated Research Project: Cebu Longitudinal Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There is a constant concern that post-partum weight retention following pregnancy contributes to increased obesity prevalence in women. Yet, research surrounding net-weight-gain as it relates to periods of lactation and multiple births is still limited, especially in low- and middle- income countries. In addition, there are time-trends in overweight and obesity, with young generations in the Philippines experiencing more weight-gain at younger ages compared to their mothers. Obesity and weight-gain are serious issues linked to other chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, osteoarthritis, and others. In the Philippines the leading causes of death include cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. This summer research project aimed to examine: (1) how 20-year trends in weight-gain relate to pregnancy and lactation among women in a community-based study in Cebu, Philippines, (2) how the trends are affected by socioeconomic status and education levels; and (3) how the trends differ across 2 generations of mothers.
[Diagnostic and therapeutic problems of hyper- and hypothyroidism in the aged].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hyper- and hypothyroidism in the elderly do--as many other diseases--not present with the typical clinical picture known from textbook descriptions. Thus hyperthyroidism may be the cause of common complaints and symptoms such as weight loss, fatigue, lack of appetite and cardiac failure with tachycardiac arrhythmias. Due to completely unspecific symptoms and signs, the hypothyroid elderly patient will initially be presented to a psychiatrist, neurologist, dermatologist, gastroenterologist or ENT-specialist rather than to an endocrinologist or geriatrician. The serious consequences which may result from overlooking hyper- and hypothyroidism in the elderly can be prevented if the possibility of thyroid disease is more frequently taken into consideration, if the diagnosis is based on modern in-vitro measurements, and if hyper- and hypothyroidism are systematically looked for in groups at risk, i.e. in inhabitants of old people's, homes, nursing homes as well as in patients of psychiatric and geriatric hospitals.
Thyrotoxicosis Complicated by Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs), a family of HSPs, are known to accumulate in the CNS, mainly in astrocytes, in several pathological conditions such as Alexander9s disease, Alzheimer9s disease, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. sHSPs may act not only as molecular chaperones, protecting against various stress stimuli, but may also play a physiological role in regulating cell differentiation and proliferation. In the present study, we have demonstrated that transient focal ischemia in rats dramatically induced HSP27 but not α B-crystallin (αBC), both of which are members of sHSPs, in reactive astrocytes. In contrast, in vitrochemical ischemic stress induced both HSP27 and αBC in cultured glial cells to the same extent. Dibutyryl cAMP (dBcAMP) and isoproterenol, a β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) agonist, enhanced HSP27 expression but suppressed αBC, and changed the shape of the cells to a stellate form. dBcAMP and isoproterenol inhibited cell proliferation under normal conditions. An increase in βAR-like immunoreactivity was also observed in reactive astrocytes in vivo. These results, together with recent findings that βAR plays an important role in glial scar formation in vivo, raise the possibility that βAR activation modulates sHSP expression after focal ischemia and is involved in the transformation of astrocytes to their reactive form.
Real-Time Distinguishing of the Xylene Isomers Using Photoionization and Dissociation Mass Spectra Obtained by Femtosecond Laser Mass Spectrometry (FLMS)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Distinguishing chemicals and improvement on analytical methods has a direct impact on modern chemical analysis. In this work, the dissociative ionization of xylene isomers was investigated using a femtosecond laser mass spectrometry (FLMS) method with a custom-built linear time-of-flight (TOF) instrument. Laser beams at 800 nm and 400 nm were used and intensity-dependent analysis of the obtained mass spectra was performed using principal component analysis (PCA) to distinguish the xylene isomers, which give identical mass spectra in appearance that cannot be distinguished using normal mass spectrometry methods. The results show that there is a statistically highly significant difference between the xylene isomers for two principal components (1 − α > 99.99%) and minimal information loss (<5%) took place during the PCA procedure. Also, the use of the k-medoid clustering method showed that the isomers may be distinguished in real-time for a wide range of ionization laser pulse powers with approximately 99% accuracy. The results suggest that real-time isomer analysis by the FLMS method is suitable for mass spectral identification applications. The FLMS method has been shown to be an important alternative to other mass spectrometric methods that use different ionization mechanisms.
Effects of Packaging Method and Grade Size on Storage Quality of Newly Harvested Peanuts

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Newly harvested and cured cv. Florunner jumbo (>8.33 mm dia), split (>6.75 mm dia) and no. 1 (<7.14, >6.35 mm dia) peanuts were packaged as shelled seed in plastic bags, CO 2 atmosphere; in burlap bags, and as farmers stock, bulk. After 1, 3 and 6 mo ambient storage, they were tested for moisture, color of raw seed‐coat and color and flavor of peanut butter. Packaging showed no effect on flavor, but seed size did. No. 1's showed a linear loss of flavor with time and generally had the highest moisture level and produced the darkest butter. After 6 mo, burlap‐bag storage yielded the darkest raw seed coats, while plastic bag‐CO 2 generally maintained the highest moisture level and produced the darkest butter.
IMS Interworking Using IBCF

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This article focuses on the interconnection border control function (IBCF) entity in the current IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) architecture. Based on the analysis of various types of IMS interconnection scenarios, we describe our proof-of concept solution. We evaluate the signaling in several interconnected IMS domains using open sip express router (OpenSER) based prototype of IBCF.
Illustrating the Thematic Analysis: Export Constraints and Potential in Selected Sectors

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Discusses the export potential in Bangladesh of seven products: shipbuilding, jute and jute-based products, non-leather footwear, polo shirts (garments), bicycles as a light engineering product, information technology enabled services (ITES), and pharmaceuticals. Common themes that emerged across the sector analyses demonstrate distortions related to variations in export facilities; stifled incentives; issues of skill inadequacy, poor logistics, and Internet connectivity; and cost of trade finance and hindrances in small value payments. Bangladesh remains the second largest producer of jute in the world, after India, and the leading exporter of jute and jute products; Bangladesh has public and private sector jute mills, all operating below capacity. The advantage of jute products is that these earnings stay in the country, since the jute is locally sourced and labor constitutes a significant component along much of the jute and jute products value chain. As such, jute shopping bags cover several issues that can arise in the diversified sector.
Historical SSC Database

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

See also ADM001758, NATO/RTO-TR-SAS-027 Handbook on the Analysis of Smaller-Scale Contingency Operations in Long Term Defence Planning (Manuel de l'analyse des operations de circonstance de moindre chelle pour la planification de la defense long terme). The original document contains color images. Document includes Briefing Charts (11 slides, title same as paper).
Consumer Perspectives on Maternal and Infant Health Apps: Qualitative Content Analysis (Preprint)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND

Despite the popularity of maternal and infant health mobile apps, ongoing consumer engagement and sustained app use remain barriers. Few studies have examined user experiences or perceived benefits of maternal and infant health app use from consumer perspectives.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to assess users’ self-reported experiences with maternal and infant health apps, perceived benefits, and general feedback by analyzing publicly available user reviews on two popular app stores—Apple App Store and Google Play Store.

METHODS

We conducted a qualitative assessment of publicly available user reviews (N=2422) sampled from 75 maternal and infant health apps designed to provide health education or decision-making support to pregnant women or parents and caregivers of infants. The reviews were coded and analyzed using a general inductive qualitative content analysis approach.

RESULTS

The three major themes included the following: app functionality, where users discussed app features and functions; technical aspects, where users talked about technology-based aspects of an app; and app content, where users specifically focused on the app content and the information it provides. The six minor themes included the following: patterns of use, where users highlighted the frequency and type of use; social support, where users talked about receiving social support from friends, family and community of other users; app cost, where users talked about the cost of an app within the context of being cost-effective or a potential waste of money; app comparisons, where users compared one app with others available in app stores; assistance in health care, where users specifically highlighted the role of an app in offering clinical assistance; and customer care support, where users specifically talked about their interaction with the app customer care support team.

CONCLUSIONS

Users generally tend to value apps that are of low cost and preferably free, with high-quality content, superior features, enhanced technical aspects, and user-friendly interfaces. Users also find app developer responsiveness to be integral, as it offers them an opportunity to engage in the app development and delivery process. These findings may be beneficial for app developers in designing better apps, as no best practice guidelines currently exist for the app environment.

CLINICALTRIAL
SPECT/CT myocardial perfusion attenuation correction: Factors affecting the level of apical left ventricular tracer uptake in normal patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1823 Objectives Attenuation correction (AC) of myocardial perfusion SPECT allows better quantification of cardiac tracer uptake. In normal patients, the apical left ventricular (LV) tracer uptake with SPECT-AC is variable with frequently observed reduced relative tracer uptake. In this study, we aimed to determine in normal patients the factors influencing the level of LV apical tracer uptake with SPECT-AC. Methods Our study included 100 consecutive patients with no previously known CAD addressed for myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (Myoview-Tc99m) and having clinically and electrically negative stress tests (exercise, dipyridamole, combined) and normal filtered back-projection (FBP) stress MPI (without AC). All patients had SPECT/CT MPI acquisitions (Myoview-Tc99m, Symbia, Siemens) allowing the reconstruction of both FBP (non-AC) and SPECT-AC. These were processed with QPS software and allowed the quantification of LV apical uptake (segment 17): seg17_FBP and seg17_AC. Stepwise regression analysis was used to determine the factors influencing the level of seg17_AC uptake: age, sex, weight, height, type of stress test, LV axis angle in the sagittal plane (angle_S, in degrees), LV axis angle in the transaxial plane (angle_T, in degrees), exercise work level (watts), maximal stress heart rate expressed as percent of age-predicted maximal heart rate, presence of coronary calcification on the CT part used for attenuation correction, and seg17_FBP. Results Seg17_AC was much lower than seg17_FBP: 68±7% (minimum=53%; maximum=87%) versus 83±6% (minimum=72%; maximum=96%) (P Conclusions The level of apical LV tracer uptake with SPECT-AC depends on both its level on FBP and the angle of the LV in the sagittal plane
Maximum Weights of Various Fumigants Which Can Exist in Vapor Form in A 1,000 Cubic Foot Fumigating Chamber

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Maximum Weights of Various Fumigants Which Can Exist in Vapor Form in A 1,000 Cubic Foot Fumigating Chamber Get access R. C. Roark, R. C. Roark Insecticide Division, Bureau of Chemistry and Soils, Washington, D. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar O. A. Nelson O. A. Nelson Insecticide Division, Bureau of Chemistry and Soils, Washington, D. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 22, Issue 2, 1 April 1929, Pages 381–387, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/22.2.381 Published: 01 April 1929
Leading-zero anticipatory logic for high-speed floating point addition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes new Leading-Zero Anticipatory (LZA) Logic for high-speed floating-point addition (FADD). This method carries out the pre-decoding for the normalization concurrently with the addition for significand. Besides, it performs the shift operation in parallel with the rounding operation. The proposed logic consists of the simple circuit with 1.8% penalty in transistor count. The FADD core using the proposed logic operates at 160 MHz, where the core has been fabricated with 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS technology with triple metal interconnections.
A Case of Chronic Ectopic Pregnancy Mimicking Pelvic Malignancy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A case of chronic ectopic pregnancy mimicking pelvic malignancy is presented, indicating significance of ectopic pregnancy in discrimination of pelvic masses. A heterogenous solid mass measuring 72x50x44 mm was sonographically visualized in the right adnexal area of a 24-year-old primiparous woman presenting with six-week-long intermittent pelvic pain and irregular vaginal bleeding. Betahuman chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and CA 125 levels were respectively 6.02 IU/ml and 205.4 U/ml. Right salpingoopherectomy was done and histopathologic examination revealed ectopic pregnancy. Chronic ectopic pregnancy usually presents with prolonged clinical symptoms which are often misleading. Although the adjoint use of sonography and beta-hCG assay increases dianostic accuracy, a negative beta-hCG value does not rule out chronic ectopic pregnancy. Increased awareness of chronic ectopic pregnancy allows its preoperative diagnosis and prompt treatment.
Evolution of a unique anatomical precision in angiosperm leaf venation lifts constraints on vascular plant ecology

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The main role of leaf venation is to supply water across the photosynthetic surface to keep stomata open and allow access to atmospheric CO 2 despite evaporative demand. The optimal uniform delivery of water occurs when the distance between veins equals the depth of vein placement within the leaf away from the evaporative surface. As presented here, only angiosperms maintain this anatomical optimum across all leaf thicknesses and different habitats, including sheltered environments where this optimization need not be required. Intriguingly, basal angiosperm lineages tend to be underinvested hydraulically; uniformly high optimization is derived independently in the magnoliids, monocots and core eudicots. Gymnosperms and ferns, including available fossils, are limited by their inability to produce high vein densities. The common association of ferns with shaded humid environments may, in part, be a direct evolutionary consequence of their inability to produce hydraulically optimized leaves. Some gymnosperms do approach optimal vein placement, but only by virtue of their ability to produce thick leaves most appropriate in environments requiring water conservation. Thus, this simple anatomical metric presents an important perspective on the evolution and phylogenetic distribution of plant ecologies and further evidence that the vegetative biology of flowering plants—not just their reproductive biology—is unique.
Resistance mechanisms to fenazaquin in Iranian populations of two-spotted spider mite,Tetranychus urticaeKoch (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Resistance mechanisms to fenazaquin were surveyed in Iranian populations of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. The bioassay was carried out on four populations, collected from Isfahan, Yazd and Rasht using the leaf-dip method. The results showed that resistance ratios of Isfahan, Yazd and Rasht populations were 3109-, 439.5- and 10.53-fold, respectively, compared with the susceptible population. Enzyme assays revealed that esterase activities in the Isfahan, Yazd and Rasht populations were 3.9-, 1.8- and 1.5-fold higher than that in the susceptible population, respectively, when α-naphthyl acetate was used as the substrate. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in the Isfahan, Yazd and Rasht populations was 2.3-, 2.4- and 1.4-fold higher, respectively, than that in the susceptible one. Zymogram analysis of esterase and GST showed that there was some difference in the pattern of bands between the populations. Also, the activity of lipase in Yazd, Isfahan and Rasht populations was 1.98, 1.68 and 2.84-fold more than that in the susceptible population. Furthermore, the results showed that the amount of cytochrome P450 was much higher in Isfahan and Yazd populations than in the susceptible compartment. The bioassay and biochemical results suggested the involvement of three detoxification enzymes, esterase, MFO and GST, in fenazaquin resistance but the role of these enzymes in Isfahan and Yazd populations was low. Due to high resistance ratio in the Isfahan and Yazd populations, in addition to metabolic resistance, it seems the main resistance mechanism to fenazaquin is the insensitivity of the target site. Keywords: Tetranychus urticae resistance mechanismsesterasesglutathione S-transferasecytochrome P450 Acknowledgements We express our gratitude to the research council of the University of Guilan and Ministry of Science, Researches, and Technology for financial support during the course of this project.
Case of Paralytic Illness Associated With Enterovirus 71 Infection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal