jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Lung Cancer Screening in Patients with COPD—A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We present two cases demonstrating the nuances that must be considered when determining if a patient could benefit from low dose computed tomography (LDCT) lung cancer screening. Our case report discusses the available literature, where it exists, on lung cancer screening with special attention to the impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and poor functional status. Patients with COPD and concurrent smoking history are at higher risk of lung cancer and may therefore benefit from lung cancer screening. However, this population is at increased risk for complications related to biopsies and lobar resections. Appropriate interventions other than surgical resection exist for COPD patients with poor pulmonary reserve. Risks and benefits of lung cancer screening are unique to each patient and require shared decision-making.
The effects of a series of saturated fatty acids in the diet on milk-fat secretion in the cow

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary The effects of the isocaloric replacement of part of the dietary concentrate mixture by 5% lauric acid (99% pure) or by 10% of myristic (95% pure), palmitic (96% pure) or stearic (94% pure) on the yield and composition of milk fat was investigated in 2 feeding experiments with a total of 10 cows in mid-lactation. The concentrate mixtures were given with a high-roughage diet that supplied 9·1 or 7·7 kg hay/day in expts 1 and 2, respectively. In expt 1 the inclusion of myristic acid in the diet decreased the yields of milk and solids-not-fat (SNF), but increased the percentage of fat in the milk without altering the fat yield. When stearic or palmitic acid was included in the diet there was an increase in milk fat yield; palmitic acid caused the greater increase. In expt 2 the inclusion of lauric acid in the diet did not appear to affect the yields of milk or SNF but it caused large reductions in the percentage of fat in the milk and in the yield of fat. In expt 1 the inclusion of myristic acid increased the yields and percentages of 14:0, 14:1 and 16:1 in the milk fat and decreased the yields and percentages of the short-chain fatty acids (4:0–8:0), 16:0, 18:0 and 18:1. When palmitic acid was included in the diet there were increases in the yields and percentages of 16:0 and 16:1 in the milk fat and decreases in the yields and percentages of 10:0, 12:0, 14:0, 18:0 and 18:1. The inclusion of stearic acid in the diet increased the yields and percentages of 18:0 and 18:1 in the milk fat and decreased the yields and percentages of 12:0 and 16:0. In expt 2 the inclusion of lauric acid in the diet increased the yield and percentage of 12:0, and in 1 cow the content of 14:0 in the milk fat; there were reductions in the yields and percentages of all the other fatty acids in the milk fat. There was no evidence of any marked elongation of the carbon chains of 12:0 and 14:0 in the mammary gland to form 16:0 or 18:0. In expt 1 the incorporation of myristic acid in the diet decreased the concentration of total steam-volatile fatty acids in rumen liquor. The inclusion of either myristic, palmitic or stearic acid in the diet had little effect on the relative proportions of the individual volatile acids in the rumen liquor. In expt 2 the addition of lauric acid to the diet reduced the acetic acid:propionic acid ratio in the rumen liquor.
MANGO: pipeline for identifying genomic translocations with key biological significance in inflammatory breast cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Genomic instability in cancer is essential for aberrant gene expression and translocation events that potentiate oncogenesis. Thus gene fusions, nonsense mutations and gene deregulation are key contributors to oncogenic phenotypes. Certain genomic translocations have been linked to cancer subtypes, such BCR—ABL1 for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) serving as potential onco‐biomarkers. Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the rarest and most lethal subtype of breast cancer with a 5‐year survival rate below 50%. Ethnic disparities for breast cancer exist; negative estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) hormone receptor status is more frequent in Hispanic and African American women. In addition, inflammatory breast cancer lacks defined molecular markers limiting its early onset detection which leads to poorer overall prognosis. Thus, we hypothesized that profiling IBC translocations, including its subtypes, show valuable insights to better understand this complex disease. We developed MANGO, a pipeline that leverages STAR, STAR‐Fusion, FusionInspector, and Trinity to identify, visualize and assemble gene fusions from IBC sequencing data. Using the SUM149PT cell line as a model for IBC, we identified and experimentally validated a model fusion gene ZDHHC5—EPB41L5. Fusion unaware sequence assemblies cross‐validated the fusion and its multiple splice sites, one of which encodes a fusion peptide. Differential gene expression between SUM149PT and SUM190PT, an IBC cell line without evidence for the identified translocation, showed loss of expression of ZDHHC5 but no change in EPB41L5, suggesting the latter retained its expression in its new genomic localization. Furthermore, in‐silico functional predictions for experimental results reveals an in‐frame fusion peptide with transmembrane signals in EPB41L5. Genomic translocation mapping reveals triple‐negative IBC diverges from traditional breast cancer translocation patterns. In short, MANGO serves as a powerful tool to identify biologically significant translocations involved in IBC and other cancer classifications.
The dialogue between the worlds of art and science

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

How to place today medicine in the overall cultural context remains an open debate. The figure of the physician requires scientific knowledge, technical ability, but must be sustained by a sound humanitarian ethos, stressing the aspects related to communication. We should always keep in mind that the physician shall master instruments based on creativity, artistic valence, centered on the individual, rather than methodologically founded procedures, in a comprehensive and holistic frame.
Electron microscopic examination of cells of Pasteurella haemolytica-A1 in experimentally infected cattle.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Several modern electron microscopy techniques were used to examine Pasteurella haemolytica (biotype A, serotype 1) (strain B122) recovered from experimentally infected cattle and in situ within the lung tissue of experimentally infected cattle. Glycocalyx four to five times thicker than that seen on P. haemolytica grown in vitro was evident on bacterial cells recovered from live infected calves by pulmonary lavage. Fimbriae were also present on cells recovered by lavage. A thick glycocalyx was also seen on P. haemolytica-A1 within the lungs of experimentally infected cattle at necropsy. In summary, cells of P. haemolytica-A1 in experimentally infected cattle have fimbriae and glycocalyx on their cell surfaces and these structures appear to be important in bacterial colonization of the bovine respiratory tract and pathogenesis of shipping fever (Pasteurella) pneumonia.
Short-Term Flooding Effects on Root Suckering of Quaking Aspen

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Unexpectedly few root suckers may develop following summer clearcuts of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) on sites with fine-textured soils and level terrain. We hypothesized that the poor regeneration is partially a result of the flooded soil conditions that follow such harvests, and that the damage would increase with duration of flooding and temperature. Root segments from ca. 45-yr-old aspen trees were planted in saturated mixtures of O and A horizon soil material for 2, 6, 10, and 14 days at relatively warm and cool temperatures (12 hr day/night temperature regimes of 28/20°C and 20/12°C, respectively). The root segments were then transplanted into moist soil at ambient O2 for an additional 14 to 38 days. Suckering was significantly reduced by increased flooding duration and by flooding at warmer temperatures. The percentage of segments that suckered decreased exponentially with accumulated growing degree days during flooding. Saturated soil conditions can inhibit aspen suckering in controlled environments and may have the potential for precluding successful regeneration following clearcutting. North. J. Appl. For. 15(4):169-173.
SEDIMENTATION IN AN ARID-ZONE ANASTOMOSING FLUVIAL SYSTEM: COOPER&apos;S CREEK,

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT: Cooper&apos;s Creek is a large, ephemeral, multi-channel fluvial system in the Lake Eyre Basin of arid Central Australia. The large extent and aggradational regime of the system make it a suitable model for interpreting ancient successions formed under similar environmental conditions. The dominant channel pattern in the Cooper is a combination of relict braids and active anastomosing channels. The braids are the partly buried surface xpression of a sand sheet attributed to a pluvial episode about 5,000 years ago, whereas the anastomosing pattern is interpreted as an adjustment to the present arid climate. Tectonism and eolian processes are minor, localized influences. The anastomosing channels accumulate sand but they occupy a small part of the floodplain, on which overbank mud is blanketing the relict braids. A preliminary depositional model for arid-zone anastomosing fluvial systems comprises a mud-dominated succession, with minor isolated channel sands. Other features are deep desiccation cracks, minor carbonaceous horizons, duricrusts, and evaporite horizons.
Abstract TP164: Statins for the Prevention of Post-Stroke Seizure and Epilepsy Development: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Cerebrovascular disease is the leading cause of seizures and incident epilepsy of known etiology in older adults. As prophylactic use of antiepileptic drugs remains controversial, statins have garnered attention as an alternate preventive strategy due to pleiotropic effects, beyond lipid-lowering, which may include neuroprotective and anti-epileptogenic properties. Our objective was to assess the current evidence on statin use for prevention of post-stroke seizure and post-stroke epilepsy (PSE). Methods: We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. Pubmed and Embase were searched from database inception to May 2019 for English-language, full-text experimental, observational analytic, or systematic reviews/meta-analytic studies examining the association between statin use in adults and development of early-onset seizures (ES; seizures ≤7 days after stroke) or PSE. Pooled analyses were based on random-effects models using the inverse-variance method. Results: Of 157 citations, 154 were excluded due to duplication or ineligibility, yielding 3 cohort studies from East Asia. Two studies reported on outcomes of ischemic stroke and 1 on hemorrhagic stroke. Only 1 study reported on ES, finding a significantly reduced risk following post-stroke statin use (OR 0.35, CI 0.20-0.60). Two studies reported on pre-stroke statin use, with findings demonstrating a lack of association with PSE (pooled OR 1.17, CI 0.93-1.48; Figure 1.1). However, post-stroke statin use was associated with less PSE (pooled OR 0.61, CI 0.50-0.74), without evidence of heterogeneity (Figure 1.2). Conclusions: Systematic review and meta-analysis of 3 high-quality cohort studies suggests post-stroke, but not pre-stroke, statin use may be associated with reduced risk of PSE. Further research is warranted to verify if these findings are replicable in other populations, as well as to explore the influence of timing and duration of statin use on outcomes.
D-test: A New Test for Analyzing Scale Invariance Using Symbolic Dynamics and Symbolic Entropy

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study is to improve measurement in marketing research by constructing a new, simple, nonparametric, consistent, and powerful test to study scale invariance. The test is called D-test. D-test is constructed using symbolic dynamics and symbolic entropy as a measure of the difference between the response patterns which comes from two measurement scales. We also give a standard asymptotic distribution of our statistic. Given that the test is based on entropy measures, it avoids smoothed nonparametric estimation. We applied D-test to a real marketing research to study if scale invariance holds when measuring service quality in a sports service. We considered a free-scale as a reference scale and then we compared it with three widely used rating scales: Likert-type scale from 1 to 5 and from 1 to 7, and semantic-differential scale from −3 to +3. Scale invariance holds for the two latter scales. This test overcomes the shortcomings of other procedures for analyzing scale invariance; and it provides researchers a tool to decide the appropriate rating scale to study specific marketing problems, and how the results of prior studies can be questioned.
Interferometry and spectroscopy of Cen: a Cephei star in a binary system

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

β Cen (HR 5267) is a bright early-type southern star. It has been of interest to observers as a β Cephei variable, as a probe of the intervening interstellar medium, and also as a stellar X-ray source. β Cen was observed by the Narrabri
Wavelet based low bit rate video coding using block-tree approach

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Wavelet transformed images exhibit both inter- and intra-subband correlations. Most of the wavelet based hybrid video coding techniques exploit only inter-subband correlation through zero-trees. However, in the motion compensated predictive error frames, intra-subband correlation is likely to be dominant. Thus, in order to improve the coding efficiency of the wavelet-based video coders, the coding algorithm should exploit both correlations in an efficient manner. In this paper, we design a hybrid video coder (with temporal motion compensation and 2D wavelet transform) in which wavelet coefficients are coded using a new algorithm, named wavelet block-tree coding (WBTC). The proposed algorithm exploits both inter- and intra-subband correlations through spatial orientation tree of blocks. In addition, the interdependency of three colour planes is efficiently exploited in the proposed coder. Simulation results show that the proposed video coder outperforms other state-of-the-art video coders including H.263+ by approximately 1-2 dB.
THE USE OF MODELS FOR STUDYING THE CIRCULATION IN GLASS TANKS*

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A bstract The conditions that must be satisfied in a model experiment, in order to ensure that the circulation at the liquid in the model shall be similar to that of the molten glass in a full‐sized tank, are deduced from the general theory of models, by the aid of several simplifying assumptions. A discussion of the conditions shows that it will probably, though not certainly, be impracticable to satisfy all of them; and the discussion serves as a warning against the premature acceptance of conclusions from model experiments in which the required conditions were not satisfied.
.alpha.-Deuterium isotope effects and transition-state structure in an intramolecular model system for methyl-transfer enzymes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT.alpha.-Deuterium isotope effects and transition-state structure in an intramolecular model system for methyl-transfer enzymesIvan Mihel, Jay O. Knipe, James K. Coward, and Richard L. SchowenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 15, 4349–4351Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00509a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00509a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views187Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and characterization of specific electrode materials for solar cells and supercapacitors

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In this paper a brief overview of research in the field of electrode materials for solar cells and supercapacitors is presented, which the authors dealt with for years. In addition to the standard electrode material (graphite and silicon in supercapacitor with solar cells), different materials were examined, particularly oxides and sulfides of copper. Copper (I) oxide or cuprous oxide is an oxide semiconductor which is used as the anodic material in the form of thin film in lithium batteries and solar cells. The cathodic process of synthesis of cuprous oxide thin film is carried out in a potentiostatic mode from the organic electrolyte. The electrochemical characterization was carried out by cyclic voltammetry. The electro deposition techniques are particularly well suited for the deposition of single elements, but it is also possible to carry out simultaneous depositions of several elements and syntheses of well-defined alternating layers of metals and oxides with thicknesses down to a few nanometers. Electrochemical characteristics of covellite (CuS) are of importance from flotation and metallurgical point of view, due to its potential application in solid state solar cells and in photocatalytic reactions. Also, the compound CuS appears as an intermediary product or a final product in electrochemical oxidation reactions of chalcocite (Cu2S) which exhibits supercapacitor characteristics. Natural copper mineral covellite has been investigated in inorganic sulfate acid electrolytes, as well as in strong alkaline electrolyte. Different electrochemical methods (galvanostatic, potentiostatic, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) have been used in these investigations.
Visual References in the Description of Print Advertisements. A Four-Country Cross-Cultural Analysis

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates cross-cultural differences in the usage, themes, and factors of visual-related references in describing print advertisements. American, Russian, Japanese, and Polish respondents participated in an open-ended survey about three translated ads adapted into the existing visual. Respondents used less visual than non-visual descriptions, and their frequency differed by the ad. Similarities and differences were influenced by the specific advertisement, not by respondents' country. Advertisements require individual assessment for visual adaptation strategy. This pilot study introduces the concept of visual and non-visual descriptions of advertising, visual references themes and variable of advertising case to assess differences between countries.
Strengthening strategic management approaches to address antimicrobial resistance in global human health: a scoping review

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Introduction The development and implementation of national strategic plans is a critical component towards successfully addressing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study aimed to review the scope and analytical depth of situation analyses conducted to address AMR in human health to inform the development and implementation of national strategic plans. Methods A systematic search of the literature was conducted to identify all studies since 2000, that have employed a situation analysis to address AMR. The included studies are analysed against frameworks for strategic analysis, primarily the PESTELI (Political, Economic, Sociological, Technological, Ecological, Legislative, Industry) framework, to understand the depth, scope and utility of current published approaches. Results 10 studies were included in the final review ranging from single country (6) to regional-level multicountry studies (4). 8 studies carried out documentary review, and 3 of these also included stakeholder interviews. 2 studies were based on expert opinion with no data collection. No study employed the PESTELI framework. Most studies (9) included analysis of the political domain and 1 study included 6 domains of the framework. Technological and industry analyses is a notable gap. Facilitators and inhibitors within the political and legislative domains were the most frequently reported. No facilitators were reported in the economic or industry domains but featured inhibiting factors including: lack of ring-fenced funding for surveillance, perverse financial incentives, cost-shifting to patients; joint-stock drug company ownership complicating regulations. Conclusion The PESTELI framework provides further opportunities to combat AMR using a systematic, strategic management approach, rather than a retrospective view. Future analysis of existing quantitative data with interviews of key strategic and operational stakeholders is needed to provide critical insights about where implementation efforts should be focussed, and also how to build contingency at the strategic level for agile responses to macro-level environmental influences.
Chemerin partly mediates tumor‐inhibitory effect of all‐trans retinoic acid via CMKLR1‐dependent natural killer cell recruitment

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Summary Down‐regulated chemerin expression has been reported to correlate with poor prognosis of several types of cancer including melanoma. All‐ trans retinoic acid (at RA ) is a potent inducer of chemerin, and we previously reported that at RA inhibited murine melanoma growth through enhancement of anti‐tumor T‐cell immunity. Here, we aimed to investigate whether loss of endogenous chemerin accelerated melanoma growth and whether chemerin was involved in the melanoma‐inhibitory effect of at RA . We demonstrated that chemerin was constitutively expressed in the skin, which was down‐regulated during murine melanoma growth. Rarres2 −/− mice, which are deficient in chemerin, exhibited aggravated tumor growth and impaired tumor‐infiltrating natural killer ( NK ) cells that express CMKLR 1, the functional receptor of chemerin. Topical treatment with at RA up‐regulated skin chemerin expression, which was primarily derived from dermal cells. Moreover, at RA treatment significantly enhanced tumor‐infiltrating NK cells, which was completely abrogated in Rarres2 −/− mice and Cmklr1 −/− mice, suggesting a dependency of NK cell recruitment on the chemerin– CMKLR 1 axis in melanoma. Despite comparable melanoma growth detected in wild‐type mice and Cmklr1 −/− mice, lack of CMKLR 1 partially abrogated the melanoma‐inhibitory effect of at RA . This may be due to the inability to enhance tumor‐infiltrating NK cells in Cmklr1 −/− mice following at RA treatment. Collectively, our study suggests that down‐regulation of chemerin could be a strategy used by cancers such as melanoma to impair anti‐tumor NK cell immunity and identifies a new anti‐tumor mechanism of at RA by up‐regulating chemerin to enhance CMKLR 1‐dependent NK cell recruitment.