jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Randomised Controlled Trial of Vitamin E in Patients with Coronary Disease: The Cambridge Heart Antioxidant Study (CHAOS)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Conference Abstract| July 01 1996 A Randomised Controlled Trial of Vitamin E in Patients with Coronary Disease: The Cambridge Heart Antioxidant Study (CHAOS) NG Stephens; NG Stephens *Cardiac Unit, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge University, UK#Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Cambridge University, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar A Parsons; A Parsons *Cardiac Unit, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge University, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar PM Schofield; PM Schofield *Cardiac Unit, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge University, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar MJ Mitchinson; MJ Mitchinson †Departments of Pathology, Cambridge University, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar MJ Brown MJ Brown *Cardiac Unit, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge University, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Clin Sci (Lond) (1996) 91 (s35): 16P. https://doi.org/10.1042/cs091016Pb Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation NG Stephens, A Parsons, PM Schofield, MJ Mitchinson, MJ Brown; A Randomised Controlled Trial of Vitamin E in Patients with Coronary Disease: The Cambridge Heart Antioxidant Study (CHAOS). Clin Sci (Lond) 1 July 1996; 91 (s35): 16P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/cs091016Pb Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsClinical Science Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1996 The Biochemical Society and the Medical Research Society1996 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
The Influence of Traffic on Air Quality in an Urban Neighborhood: A Community–University Partnership

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Objectives. We evaluated the spatial and temporal patterns of traffic-related air pollutants in an urban neighborhood to determine factors contributing to elevated concentrations and to inform environmental justice concerns. Methods. In the summer of 2007, we continuously monitored multiple air pollutants at a community site in the Mission Hill neighborhood of Boston, Massachussetts, and local high school students conducted mobile continuous monitoring throughout the neighborhood. We used regression models to explain variability in concentrations, considering various attributes of traffic, proximity to major roadways, and meteorology. Results. Different attributes of traffic explained variability in fixed-site concentrations of ultrafine particles, fine particulate matter, and black carbon, with diurnal patterns and meteorological effects indicative of a greater local effect on ultrafine particles and black carbon. Mobile monitoring demonstrated that multiple traffic variables predict elevated levels of ultrafine particles, with concentrations of ultrafine particles decreasing by 50% within 400 meters of 2 major roadways. Conclusions. Unlike fine particulate matter, ultrafine particles demonstrate significant spatial and temporal variability within an urban neighborhood, contributing to environmental justice concerns, and patterns can be well characterized with a community-based participatory research design.
Development of systemwide pedestrian safety performance function using stratified random sampling and a proxy measure of pedestrian exposure

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The lack of pedestrian counts at a systemwide level prompts the need to find other innovative ways of assessing pedestrian traffic crash risks using proxy measures of exposure. This study aims to formulate the methodology for developing pedestrian safety performance functions (SPF) using the proxy measure of pedestrian exposure and stratified random sampling. The case study was all urban intersections in Michigan State that comprise of collector and arterial roads. The stratified random sampling strategy was deployed to select the sample which is representative of all urban intersections in the state of Michigan. Factor analysis was used to develop a proxy measure of pedestrian exposure at urban intersections using a walkability measure (walk score), among other factors. The performances of various count models were compared using the goodness of fit measures based on the Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), and Vuong test. The final pedestrian SPFs was formulated using the Zero-Inflated Poisson (ZIP) model with AADT at a major approach, AADT at the minor approach, and a proxy measure of pedestrian exposure. The proposed methodology in this study can benefit transportation agencies that have embarked on systemwide planning of pedestrian facilities to improve the safety of pedestrians but lack systemwide analytical tools and pedestrian counts to make data-driven decisions.
Biological Properties of Vitamins of the B-Complex, Part 1: Vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B5

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This review summarizes the current knowledge on essential vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B5. These B-complex vitamins must be taken from diet, with the exception of vitamin B3, that can also be synthetized from amino acid tryptophan. All of these vitamins are water soluble, which determines their main properties, namely: they are partly lost when food is washed or boiled since they migrate to the water; the requirement of membrane transporters for their permeation into the cells; and their safety since any excess is rapidly eliminated via the kidney. The therapeutic use of B-complex vitamins is mostly limited to hypovitaminoses or similar conditions, but, as they are generally very safe, they have also been examined in other pathological conditions. Nicotinic acid, a form of vitamin B3, is the only exception because it is a known hypolipidemic agent in gram doses. The article also sums up: (i) the current methods for detection of the vitamins of the B-complex in biological fluids; (ii) the food and other sources of these vitamins including the effect of common processing and storage methods on their content; and (iii) their physiological function.
“It's not that I want to see the student's bedroom...”: Instructor Perceptions of e-Proctoring Software

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The COVID-19 pandemic motivated higher education institutions to adopt the use of e-proctoring software as a means to maintain academic integrity. This study explores the tension between student privacy and academic integrity from instructors' perspective. Through semi-structured qualitative interviews with 19 university instructors, our findings delineate the competing factors influencing instructors' adoption or avoidance of e-proctored assessments: academic integrity, the online remote format, logistical considerations such as class size, departmental policies, and privacy considerations. We analysed instructors' specific privacy attitudes towards e-proctoring, and perspectives regarding student privacy and institutional data protection practices. Lastly, we evaluated instructors' appraisals on the efficacy of e-proctoring software. E-proctoring was presented to instructors as the straightforward solution, but we found instructors' experiences to be complex, leading them to exhibit conflicted views on whether e-proctoring accomplished its goals. Most instructors deprioritized privacy considerations when deciding whether to adopt e-proctoring but viewed academic integrity as the topmost inviolable priority. Overall, we provide insight into a detailed landscape showcasing the complexities of managing privacy and competing priorities within higher education from the instructors' perspective.
Functional and Seasonal Changes in the Structure of Microbiome Inhabiting Bottom Sediments of a Pond Intended for Ecological King Carp Farming

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The main goal of the study was to determine changes in the bacterial structure in bottom sediments occurring over the seasons of the year and to estimate microbial metabolic activity. Bottom sediments were collected four times in the year (spring, summer, autumn, and winter) from 10 different measurement points in Cardinal Pond (Ślesin, NW Poland). The Next-Generation Sequencing (MiSeq Illumina) and Community-Level Physiological Profiling techniques were used for identification of the bacterial diversity structure and bacterial metabolic and functional activities over the four seasons. It was evident that Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla, while representatives of Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Deltaproteobacteria predominated at the class level in the bottom sediments. An impact of the season on biodiversity and metabolic activity was revealed with the emphasis that the environmental conditions in summer modified the studied parameters most strongly. Carboxylic and acetic acids and carbohydrates were metabolized most frequently, whereas aerobic respiration I with the use of cytochrome C was the main pathway used by the microbiome of the studied bottom sediments.
Black & Veatch's Design/Desalination Center Opens in Singapore

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This article announces that the global consulting firm Black & Veatch has officially opened its Global Design Center for water and Center for Excellence for desalination in Singapore. As part of the facility's opening, the Singapore Economic Development Board presented Black & Veatch with its International Headquarters Award. For their part, Singapore's economic development officials are working to add to the growing talent pool within their country's water industry and to position Singapore strategically in the global water marketplace.
Outcome of therapy in the conservative management of temporomandibular pain dysfunction disorder

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

summary The present study considered predictors of the outcome of treatment for temporomandibular pain dysfunction disorder (TMPD). Thirty‐seven patients were assessed with objective and self‐report measures of physiological and psychosocial aspects of this disorder at initial assessment and at 6‐month follow‐up subsequent to conservative physical therapy. Patients were subdivided into slow and rapid responders to conservative physical therapy based on self‐reported level of improvement. Measures employed included the Temporomandibular Pain Dysfunction Disorder Questionnaire and the Temporomandibular Pain Dysfunction Disorder Clinical Form. Eighty‐one per cent of patients showed a 50% or greater improvement in pain severity at follow‐up, with minimal differential changes across the two groups found in the physiological symptoms, while the rapid responding group showed greater improvement in terms of psychosocial factors. These findings indicated that psychosocial factors, particularly coping strategies and illness behaviour, cannot be ignored in the management of TMPD.
Inferior Mesenteric Arteriovenous Fistula Successfully Treated with Surgical Resection: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Idiopathic inferior mesenteric arteriovenous fistula is an extremely rare pathology, and symptoms vary greatly depending on the shunt flow volume through the fistula. We report a case of idiopathic inferior mesenteric arteriovenous fistula in a 63-year-old man who presented with a pulsating sensation in the upper abdomen. Computed tomography revealed an inferior mesenteric arteriovenous fistula with aneurysmal dilatation and a drainage vein into the dilated marginal vein of the descending colon. Surgical resection and ligation of the fistula were successfully performed, and the postoperative course was uneventful. The patient's symptoms resolved, and no recurrence was observed during the 5-year follow-up.
Correlated Population Genetic Structure in a Three-Tiered Host-Parasite System: The Potential for Coevolution and Adaptive Divergence

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Three subspecies of Northern Bahamian Rock Iguanas, Cyclura cychlura, are currently recognized: C. c. cychlura, restricted to Andros Island, and C. c. figginsi and C. c. inornata, native to the Exuma Island chain. Populations on Andros are genetically distinct from Exuma Island populations, yet genetic divergence among populations in the Exumas is inconsistent with the 2 currently recognized subspecies from those islands. The potential consequences of this discrepancy might include the recognition of a single subspecies throughout the Exumas rather than 2. That inference also ignores evidence that populations of C. cychlura are potentially adaptively divergent. We compared patterns of population relatedness in a three-tiered host-parasite system: C. cychlura iguanas, their ticks (genus Amblyomma, preferentially parasitizing these reptiles), and Rickettsia spp. endosymbionts (within tick ectoparasites). Our results indicate that while C. c. cychlura on Andros is consistently supported as a separate clade, patterns of relatedness among populations of C. c. figginsi and C. c. inornata within the Exuma Island chain are more complex. The distribution of the hosts, different tick species, and Rickettsia spp., supports the evolutionary independence of C. c. inornata. Further, these patterns are also consistent with two independent evolutionarily significant units within C. c. figginsi. Our findings suggest coevolutionary relationships between the reptile hosts, their ectoparasites, and rickettsial organisms, suggesting local adaptation. This work also speaks to the limitations of using neutral molecular markers from a single focal taxon as the sole currency for recognizing evolutionary novelty in populations of endangered species.
[Intestinal absorption of colostrum components--a review].

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Reference is made to the importance of maternal antibody to immunological protection of the newborn. For the majority of newborn domestic animals evidence has been produced to the effect that the intestine can absorb intact antibody from foremilk. Discussed in this context are the time limitation of that capability and its possible causes, such as enzymatic degradation of immunoglobulins in the intestinal lumen or epithelial cells, disappearance of the capability of epithelial cells for intracellular intake of macromolecules or for transport of incorporated molecules into the circulation, and the replacement of epithelium by non-absorptive border cells. Possibilities to control antibody absorption are suggested.
The Youth Attitude Tracking Study (YATS) in-Depth Interviews: A Methodological Overview

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract : The Youth Attitude Tracking Study (YATS) began in 1975 and has grown into a complex telephone survey of 16-24 year-old men and women with nationwide representation. The central concept measured by YATS is called propensity, which is the stated likelihood that a youth will enlist in the military or one of the military services in the next few years. Research has shown that propensity predicts actual enlistment, making the propensity estimate a closely monitored measure. For some years, propensity has stood at a historical level of about 30 percent of young male youth, but in 1992 and 1993, dropped by over 50 percent for African American youth, historically the group with the highest enlistment propensity. This trend and drops in propensity for other youth groups caused some concern among the military recruiting community.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Coupling Reaction Between Alcohols and Allyltrimethylsilane Catalyzed by Phosphomolybdic Acid.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Upregulation of ICAM-I by Plasmodium falciparum: in vitro and in vivo studies.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AIMS--To monitor the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule I (ICAM-I) in vitro after stimulation of human macrophages with Plasmodium falciparum antigens, as well as the plasma concentrations of soluble ICAM-I (SICAM-I) in vivo in malarial patients. METHODS--Human mononuclear leucocytes were cultured and stimulated for four hours with 300 ng/ml exogenous P falciparum antigens. CD14 and CD54 (ICAM-I) expression was monitored using flow cytometry. Soluble ICAM-I (s ICAM-I) was also measured in the blood of 122 outpatients with malaria before and after treatment (Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil). RESULTS--ICAM-I expression increased from 15% to 375% after four hours of stimulation. When sICAM-I was analysed in the plasma of 122 patients with P falciparum or Plasmodium vivax malaria by enzyme immunoassay, significant increases were found. These were more pronounced in patients with P falciparum malaria, compared with healthy controls, and with the same patients four weeks after treatment. CONCLUSION--ICAM-I expression may also be upregulated in human macrophages by exogenous Plasmodium antigens as well as by cytokines during the acute phase of malaria. sICAM-I concentrations are downregulated after treatment, probably caused by the absence of circulating Plasmodium antigens.
Delamination Identification of Laminated Composite Plates Using a Continuously Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometer System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Delamination frequently occurs in a laminated composite structure and can cause prominent local anomalies in curvature vibration shapes associated with vibration shapes of the composite structure. Spatially dense vibration shapes of a structure can be rapidly obtained by use of a continuously scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (CSLDV) system, which sweeps its laser spot over a vibrating surface of the structure. This paper extends two damage identification methods for beams to identify delamination in laminated composite plates using a CSLDV system. One method is based on the technique that a curvature vibration shape from a polynomial that fits a vibration shape of a damaged beam can well approximate an associated curvature vibration shape of an undamaged beam and local anomalies caused by structural damage can be identified by comparing the two curvature vibration shapes, and the other is based on the technique that a continuous wavelet transform can directly identify local anomalies in a curvature vibration shape caused by structural damage. In an experimental investigation, delamination identification results from the two methods were compared with that from a C-scan image of a composite plate with delamination.
The influence of Pichia killer toxins on the wine spoilage yeasts

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Killer yeasts are able to produce toxins that antagonize the growth of susceptible yeasts cells of the same species or the ones that are related to them. Killer strains are resistant to their own toxins but can be sensitive to killer proteins of other yeasts. The killer proteins of Pichia spp. are known for its broad spectrum of antifungal activity including pathogens such as Candida albicans. The aim of the study was to investigate the potential of the partly purified killer toxins to inhibit the growth of selected yeast strains which can contribute to wine spoilage. Three Pichia killer yeast strains (CBS 1982, CBS 5759, CBS 7373) were used in the study. The killer protein secreted by Pichia anomala CBS 1982 was characterized by the highest antifungal activity. The most pronounced effect of the reduction of cell proliferation by killer toxin preparations was found after 2 and 20 h cultivation. Among the 13 tested strains, all Pichia killer toxin preparations inhibited the growth of Rhodotorula graminis Rg, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa Rm and Schizosaccharomyces pombe DSM 70576. Killer toxins produced by Pichia anomala CBS 1982 (K8) and CBS 5759 (K4) limited the growth of Candida pulcherrima K5 and Hanseniaspora guillermondii DSM 3432 after 2, 20 and 168 h of incubation. A significant reduction of Debaryomyces hansenii DSM 3428 biomass was observed in medium with the addition of one toxin preparation (Pichia anomala CBS 1982). The growth limitation of Candida glabrata DSM 6425, Hanseniaspora uvarum DSM 2768, Metchnikowia pulcherrima DSM 70321 and Cryptococcus laurentii DSM 70766 was noticed only after 2 hours cultivation in presence of killer protein preparations. The killer toxins could be used in the food industry as selective tools to control infections during the fermentation of wine and improve the quality of the final product.
The Dishonest Steward (Luke 16.1–8a) and Luke's Special Parable Collection

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

By anybody's reckoning, the Parable of the Dishonest Steward in Luke 16.1–8a is a problem. Here Jesus seems to be holding up a criminal act as an example to be emulated. A steward is accused of not doing his job properly, and is dismissed by his master. Before he is actually deprived of his job, he considers what to do about his dilemma. He does not wish to do manual labour or to beg, so he lowers the debts of each of his master's debtors with the hope that they will care for him when he must leave. The master thereupon commends him for his cleverness (16.8a).
Computational investigation of the atrio-ventricular node conduction: developing mouse transitional cells models

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cardiovascular diseases represent the leading cause of mortality worldwide, with atrial fibrillation playing a prominent role. The atrioventricular node (AVN), despite being a key component in regulating impulse conduction between atria and ventricles, remains only partially characterized, especially from a computational point of view. This work aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of AVN behavior through the reconstruction, calibration, and integration of interspecies electrophysiological models. We conducted a comparative analysis of two existing models: the rabbit model proposed by Inada et al., consisting of a family of three models, and the mouse model developed by Bartolucci et al. Starting from the N-type cell of Inada, we reconstructed the transition phenotypes (AN and NH) to study the structural and functional eects of the applied modifications. The same framework of modifications was then transferred and adapted to the mouse context to assess its reproducibility between species. Due to physiological and structural dierences between rabbit and mouse, direct repli- cation proved insucient. A preliminary calibration, supported by sensitivity analysis, was performed to adjust calcium-related parameters and activation thresholds, enabling the construction of two qualitatively stable mouse transitional cell models. Finally, the calibrated cells were embedded into a one-dimensional discrete AVN structure inspired by the Inada configuration. The results obtained provided insight into the feasibility of interspecies adaptation and the challenges of reproducing AVN dynamics in murine simulations.