jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory infiltrates of the abdominal cavity in Crohn disease].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An infiltrate in the abdominal cavity in Crohn's disease does not hinder successful drug therapy in most cases. A positive effect (regression or a marked decrease in the size of the infiltrate) is achieved in 80% of patients, mostly in those with a moderately or mildly severe form of the disease in which a sufficiently prolonged, 10-12-week course of antiinflammatory treatment can be conducted. Combination of prednisolone with azathioprine and antibiotics is most justified. The prednisolone dose is determined by the severity and activity of the disease rather than by the infiltrate. Antibiotics are necessary only in high fever and treatment with them may be limited to 10-14 days in the absence of septicemia. Interrupted seasonal courses of sulfasalazine therapy may fail to prevent exacerbation and, consequently, recurrent infiltrates. These respond readily to repeated drug therapy and do not expand the indications for surgery. Operations were performed on 14 patients, in 11 of them the infiltrate did not recur again.
Single Step Electrodeposition of CZTS Absorber Layer for Solar Cells Application

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays, one of the most critical issues in photovoltaic (PV) industry is the \nfabrication of an efficient and low cost solar cells. The solar energy have to be more \nefficient and cost effective than other electricity sources in order to be a major source of \nelectricity. Different types of photovoltaic materials have been developed over the past \ncentury and the latest technology is based on thin film solar cells. Copper indium gallium \nselenide (CIGS) thin film based solar cells have achieved more than 20% power conversion \nefficiency. However, these materials are toxic, rare and expensive. Copper zinc tin sulfide \n(CZTS) is a very promising material and a good alternative for CIGS thin film. CZTS \nmaterials are cheap, non-toxic and abundant. Also, It has an ideal band gap of 1.5 eV and \na high absorption coefficient. \nSingle step electrodeposition technique was used to deposit CZTS thin film on \nfluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrate. In order to identify the suitable \ndeposition potential, a set of CZTS thin films were deposited at different potentials. The \nused potentials were -1.10 V, -1.20 V, -1.25 V, -1.30 V, and -1.35 V ( vs. Ag/AgCl). XRD \nand Raman analysis were used to confirm the presence of CZTS kesterite phase. There was \na dependence for the intensity and FWHM of the (112) planes peaks which affect the \ncrystallite size. The sample deposited at -1.35 V had the highest crystal size and the best crystalline quality. The EDS and XPS measurements were performed and the best \nstoichiometry was achieved in the sample deposited at -1.35 V. \nThe influence of sulfur amount in the sulfurization process on the CZTS thin films \nwas also investigated. So, a set of CZTS films was electrodiposited using -1.35 V and \nsulfurized using 5 mg, 15 mg, 25 mg, 35 mg, and 50 mg of sulfur powder. The best CZTS \nthin film stoichiometry and crystalline quality was achieved using 35 mg sulfur according \nto XRD, Raman and EDS analyses. Uv-visible and Photoluminescence (PL) measurements \nwere used to study the optical properties of the electrodeposited films. The sample \nelectrodeposited at -1.35 V using 35 mg sulfur exhibited a 1.50 eV optical band gap and \n104 cm-1 absorption coefficient. These results confirm the suitability of these films to be \nutilized as absorber layers in thin film solar cell structures.
The inter-industrial linkage of maritime sector in Taiwan: an input–output analysis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The main purpose of this article is to investigate the role and influence of the maritime sector on the national economy of Taiwan by using Input--Output (I--O) analysis. Results show that the maritime industry has relatively high backward linkage and production-inducing effects, but has relatively low forward linkage, supply-shortage cost and price effects. This study reveals the difficulty in considering the maritime sector as a leading sector for the national economy based on the low values of both power and sensitivity of dispersion, no matter how many shipping companies who request government incentives for promoting the shipping industries and underscore the importance of maritime transport in conveying the national imports and exports.
Atlas of Tilted Accretion Disks & Source to Negative Superhumps

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Using smoothed particle hydrodynamics, we numerically simulate steady state accretion discs for Cataclysmic Variable Dwarf Novae systems that have a secondary-to-primary mass ratio (0.35 \le q \le 0.55). After these accretion discs have come to quasi-equilibrium, we rotate each disc out of the orbital plane by (δ= (1, 2, 3, 4, 5,) or (20)^{o}) to induce negative superhumps. For accretion discs tilted $5^{o}$, we generate light curves and associated Fourier transforms for an atlas on negative superhumps and retrograde precession. Our simulation results suggest that accretion discs need to be tilted more than three degrees for negative superhumps to be statistically significant. We also show that if the disc is tilted enough such that the gas stream strikes a disc face, then a dense cooling ring is generated near the radius of impact. In addition to the atlas, we study these artificially tilted accretion discs to find the source to negative superhumps. Our results suggest that the source is additional light from innermost disc annuli, and this additional light waxes and wanes with the amount of gas stream overflow received as the secondary orbits. The nodes, where the gas stream transitions from flowing over to under the disc rim (and vice versa), precess in the retrograde direction.
The effect of vitamin E TPGS on drug resistance in breast cancer cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Aim: The aim of this study is to show the effect of vitamin E TPGS (TPGS) on drug resistance in doxorubicin resistant breast cancer cells (MCF-7/Dox cells). Materials & Methods: The cytotoxicities of the PLGA coated magnetic nanoparticles containing doxorubicin (Dox NPT20) and their drug free forms (NPT20), TPGS free drug loaded nanoparticles (Dox NPT0) and their drug free forms (NPT0) were determined in drug sensitive and resistant breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MCF-7/Dox cells, respectively) by using XTT cell proliferation assay, so the inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of the drug and nanoparticles were calculated. Results: It was shown that drug free polymeric nanoparticles were not cytotoxic, but drug loaded forms killed the cells with different degree of cytotoxicity; hence, NPT0 and NPT20 were biocompatible. Killing effect of Dox NPT20 was higher than Dox NPT0 when they were applied to cells in the same concentrations of drug. IC50 value was 15-fold increased in Dox NPT0 treated MCF-7 while 18-fold increased in Dox NPT0 treated MCF-7/Dox cells when compared with the Dox NPT20 treated cells. Conclusion: Dox NPT20 has higher cytotoxic effect than Dox NPT0 in MCF-7 and MCF-7/Dox cells. Consequently, doxorubicin loaded TPGS containing magnetic PLGA nanoparticles could be used to reverse the drug resistance in breast cancer cells.

Keywords: Doxorubicin, Magnetic nanoparticles, MCF-7 cells, Resistance, Vitamin E TPGS
A CRITICAL REVIEW ON DANTAHARSHA IN SHALAKYATANTRA

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Mukha is considered as one of the Nava dwaras. Danta is the Anga (part) of Mukha. There are various diseases affecting the Mukha and their Angas. As preventive therapy our Acharyas have mentioned Kavala, Gandusha, Dantadhavan, Mukhaprakhalana etc in Dincharya. One who does not indulge in such regimen is sure to be affected by the diseases of the Mukha. Dantaharsha is one of the 8 Dantaroga explained by Acharya Sushruta and it is the most common disorder of the mouth. Clinically, if teeth do not tolerate cold or heat or any other kind of touch, it is known as Dantaharsha. It can be compared with dental hypersensitivity. Several people all around the world experience this painful condition and are highly prevalent in the adult populations. Dantagatharogas, its causes, prevention and treatment are explained in detail in all the ancient texts of Ayurveda. This shows the importance given to oral health during those eras and even now, it is rightly said oral health is equal to overall health. Many remedies are prescribed in modern medicine for the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity like use of fluorides, oxalates etc in the form of paste, lasers etc. But these methods are quite expensive and often recurrence of the symptoms is seen. Long use of these are said to cause allergic reaction to gums. So it becomes relevant to develop an easy, economic, non toxic and approachable modality as a treatment measure in Dantaharsha.
Phase Diagram in Quantum Chromodynamics

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

It is suggested that the hadronization of the quark-gluon plasma is a first-order phase transition described by a critical curve in the temperature-(quark) density plane which terminates in a critical point. Such a critical curve is derived from the van der Waals equation and its parameters are estimated by using the theoretical approach given in M. Apostol, Roum. Reps. Phys. 59 249 (2007); Mod. Phys. Lett. B21 893 (2007). The main assumption is that quark-gluon plasma created by high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions is a gas of ultrarelativistic quarks in equilibrium with gluons (vanishing chemical potential, indefinite number of quarks). This plasma expands, gets cool and dilute and hadronizes at a certain transition temperature and transition density. The transition density is very close to the saturation density of the nuclear matter and, it is suggested that both these points are very close to the critical point n~1fm^{-3} (quark density) and T~200MeV (temperature).
A Reassessment of Decreased Amino Acid Accumulation by Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cells in the Presence of Metabolic Inhibitors

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A B S TRA C T This study was undertaken to examine the mechanism by which metabolic inhibition reduces amino acid active transport in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. At 37°C the metabolic inhibitor combination 0.1 mM 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) + 10 mM 2-deoxy-n-glucose (DOG) reduced the cell ATP concentration to 0.10-0.15 mM in less than 5 min. This inhibition was associated with a 20.6 %-+ 6.4 % (SD) decrease in the initial influx of a-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB), and a two- to fourfold increase in the unidirectional efflux. These effects could be dissociated from changes in cell Na + or K + concentrations. Cells incubated to the steady state in 1.0-1.5 mM AIB showed an increased steady-state flux in the presence of DNP + DOG. Steady-state fluxes were consistent with trans-inhibition of AIB influx and tramstimulation of efflux in control cells, but trans-stimulation of both fluxes in inhibited cells. In spite of the reduction of the cell ATP concentration to &lt;0.15 mM and greatly reduced transmembrane concentration gradients of Na + and K +, cells incubated to the steady state in the presence of the inhibitors still established an AIB distribution ratio 13.8 ± 2.6. The results are interpreted to indicate that a component of the reduction of AIB transport produced by metabolic inhibition is attributable to other actions in addition to the reduction of cation concentration gradients. Reduction of cell ATP alone is not responsible for the effects of metabolic inhibition, and both the transmembrane voltage and direct coupling to substrate oxidation via plasma-membrane-bound enzymes must be considered as possible energy sources for amino acid active transport.
Green Organizational Climate: Measurement Scale Development and Validation to Measure Green Climate Structure in Organizations

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper aimed to develop a valid and reliable measurement scale for green organizational climate. Both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies were applied. In the research, the three-stage scale development process proposed by Schwab (1980) was be used. The conceptual framework were first clarified and a proposal pool were created by compiling the expressions in scale through a qualitative exploration study, which includes literature review, in-depth interviews and focus group studies using deductive and inductive methods. Expert opinions were sought for the examination of face validity and content validity. After the pilot application, draft scale was applied to 750 managers of businesses operating in different sectors in various provinces of Turkey. According to the results of the exploratory factor analysis, 21 items and 4 dimensions were extracted, namely green economic climate, green social climate, green digital climate, and green bureaucratic climate. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the measurement items developed were had an acceptable level of compatibility. The cronbach alpha coefficients had sufficient reliability in all dimensions. As a result, it was seen that the green organizational climate scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool.
PROBLEMS OF SEA-GOING NAVIGATION IN KERCI STRAIT

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Kerch Strait was the main passage between the Azov Sea and the Black Sea.The passage of ships through the strait is hampered by several physical and geographical factors: emerged and submerged morphology, the climatic and hydrological parameters. As a result of the extremely low depths of the strait, for the safety of navigation, authorities have been forced to dredge a canal for passage of the vessels with a medium draft, to make a properly hydrographical develop¬ment of the fairway and of the shores, and to establish a favorable anchoring area etc. Ice, which occurs in winter, makes the navigation very difficult, which takes place in convoys, preceded by ice breakers. Fog, frequent in the transitional seasons, hampered navigation; many accidents happened because of this inconvenience. Most accidents due to weather conditions (fog, wind) are specific to smaller vessels, sea-river type, which are sailing in the area and which, due to their construction, are not able to deal with exceptional weather conditions at sea. The existence of surface currents, with the dominant direction north-south, from the Sea of Azov to the Black Sea, affects navigation only around the heads where cau¬ses circular currents. In this case are affected only pleasure boats and low powered vessel. With all these impediments to navigation, the Kerch Strait is an important waterway, especially for the countries bordering the Sea of Azov: Ukraine and the Russian Federation, and also for the countries from the Black Sea basin.
Carbonates and Intermediate-Depth Seismicity: Stable and Unstable Shear in Altered Subducting Plates and Overlying Mantle

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Prakash et al (2023) - "Carbonates and Intermediate-Depth Seismicity: Stable and Unstable Shear in Altered Subducting Plates and Overlying Mantle" This repository contains:
-data exported from shear heating instability model shown in figures 2, 3, 4, S4, S5, and S6
-matlab code used to plot figures For further information, please contact Abhishek Prakash (abhishek.prakash@tamu.edu).
Female and male visually based mate preferences are con-sistent with reproductive isolation between populations of the Lake Malawi endemic Labeotropheus fuelleborni

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sexual selection via female mate choice is thought to have played a key role in the speciation of haplochromine cichlids, but a dominant role for visual signals in such processes has lately been called into question. In addition, the possible role of male mating preferences in haplochromine speciation has been little studied. We studied patterns of both female and male mate choice, based exclusively on visual signals, in order to evaluate potential reproductive isolation between two populations of the Lake Malawi haplochromine Labeotropheus fuelleborni. In the first experiment, females were allowed to choose between two males, one from the same population and the other allopatric with respect to the female. Females in this experiment responded more frequently to males from their own population. Similarly, the males in these trials displayed more frequently when presented with females of their own population. In the second experiment, a female was allowed to choose between two males, either both from her own population or both allopatric. In these trials, both males and females from the Katale population interacted significantly more frequently in settings in which all three individuals were from the same population (“same-population trios”), and those from the Chipoka population showed a similar trend. Thus, patterns in both male and female courtship behavior suggest that visual signals contribute to at least incipient reproductive isolation between populations of L. fuelleborni [Current Zoology 56 (1): 65–72 2010].
Peer Review #2 of "Determination of optical density (OD) of oligodeoxynucleotide from HPLC peak area (v0.1)"

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) are typically purified and analysed with HPLC equipped with a UV-Vis detector.Quantities of ODNs are usually determined using a UV-Vis spectrometer separately after HPLC, and are reported as optical density at 260 nm (OD 260 ).Here, we describe a method for direct determination of OD 260 of ODNs using the area of the peaks in HPLC profiles.It is expected that the method will save significant time for researchers in the area of nucleic acid research, and minimize the loss of oligonucleotide samples.
US IN LATIN AMERICA: KEY CURRENT INTERESTS AND METHODS OF THEIR ADVANCEMENT

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The present article reviews the current set of interests of the United States of America in respect of Latin American countries. The author believes that the key groups of interests pursued by the US in Latin America are as follows: political and security interests, economic interests, and combined interests, the most important of the latter being the interests relating to combating drug trafficking. The author believes that the economic interest, albeit being a secondary one in terms of formal hierarchy of interests, is in fact one of the core US interests in the region at present. The US is interested to preserve its influence upon the Latin American market, and further engage the Latin American workforce and industrial capacities to the benefit of the US economy. The US pursues its interests in Latin America, inter alia, through various integration projects, including NAFTA, CAFTA-DR, FTAA, and a range of free trade areas. The article also addresses the interest of the US in the field of prevention of drug trafficking, which constitutes an important area of cooperation between the US and the Latin American countries concerned. The author argues that, despite the fact that the current outcomes of the ongoing war on drugs may be perceived as controversial, the issue in question serves as a strong factor contributing to the growth of the US influence over, and its presence within, the region. The article also reviews key methods used by the US to further its interests in Latin America, including the classical methods and those relating to soft power.
The Effectiveness of Dakwah and Educational Activities in Science Tahfiz Schools

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of dakwah (missionary) and educational activities carried out in science tahfiz schools. This research was based on a qualitative approach carried out at the Science Tahfiz School, Tanah Merah, Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia. The study sample consisted of 100 tahfiz students from year one to year five, whose ages ranged from 13 to 17 years. This sample was based on the random selection of 20 students from each of the five existing classes. The research instrument was based on a survey questionnaire consisting of 10 items to elicit information regarding respondents’ perceptions of the effectiveness of activities carried out in the program. Respondents’ responses to each item of the questionnaire were rated along a five-point Likert-type scale ranging from ‘1’ (highly ineffective) to ‘5’ (highly effective). The researchers used the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPPS, Version 2.3) software to analyze the survey data. Overall, the research findings showed the dakwah (missionary) program was effective in improving tahfiz students’ understanding and knowledge of Islamic obligations as a pendakwah (a missionary). The students highly rated all the activities of the program based on high mean scores of the questionnaire items, especially those relating to Koranic recitation, prayers, and zikir (supplication). These findings underscore the importance of dakwah programs in helping to prepare tahfiz students as future leaders of Islamic missionary organizations. Hence, dakwah programs must be carried out in tahfiz schools to train the future generation of Islamic missionaries, who will continue the tradition of calling humans to become good practicing Muslims who enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong. For this to materialize, such programs have to be well-planned, systematically organized, and coordinated with all relevant Islamic agencies or bodies.
Effects of Ferric Salts on Sludge Anaerobic Digestion and Desulphurization

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The treatment and disposal of excess sludge is a great challenge. Anaerobic digestion can achieve sludge reduction and harmless. However, its application is largely limited due to the low biogas production, low organic matters removal rate, odor gas production, corrosive gas destroying equipment. Sulfur is a key element resulting in these problems. In this research, potassium ferrate and ferric chloride were added to enhance anaerobic digestion. The research investigated the effects on biogas production, H 2 S content, microbial diversity with the addition of potassium ferrate and ferric chloride. We found that with 2.5 mg/g TS potassium ferrate, the enhancement was the highest, the total biogas production improved 18% compared with control group and organic removal rate reached 30.66%. Considering the effect of sulfur removal, 5 mg/g TS potassium ferrate resulted in the best effect, the content of H 2 S gas decreased 139.4%. With 2.5 mg/g TS ferric chloride, total biogas production improved 8% comparing with the control group, the content of H 2 S gas decreased 46%, no remarkable effect was found on the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in slurry.
A new stochastic approach to the spread of environmental events enhanced by the wind

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to present a stochastic approach of the expansion of adverse environmental events which are enhanced by the wind. Our model follows a scheme based on the well-known Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model. The expansion takes place in a grid where the cells represent an individual (or even a group) in the population under study. The state of the cells is modelled by a random variable which is a measure of the intensity and direction of the wind. As time passes, the status of the cells is determined according to both an update criterion and a probabilistic neighbourhood relationship.