jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Semi‐supervised liver segmentation based on local regions self‐supervision

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Background Semi‐supervised learning has gained popularity in medical image segmentation due to its ability to reduce reliance on image annotation. A typical approach in semi‐supervised learning is to select reliable predictions as pseudo‐labels and eliminate unreliable predictions. Contrastive learning helps prevent the insufficient utilization of unreliable predictions, but neglecting the anatomical structure of medical images can lead to suboptimal optimization results. Purpose We propose a novel approach for semi‐supervised liver segmentation using contrastive learning, which leverages unlabeled data and enhances the suitability of contrastive learning for liver segmentation. Method and materials Contrastive learning helps prevent the inappropriate utilization of unreliable predictions, but neglecting the anatomical structure of medical images can lead to suboptimal optimization results. Therefore, we propose a semi‐supervised contrastive learning method with local regions self‐supervision (LRS 2 ). On one side, we employ Shannon entropy to distinguish between reliable and unreliable predictions and reduce the dissimilarity between their representations within regional artificial units. Within each unit of the liver image, we strongly encourage unreliable predictions to acquire valuable information pertaining to the correct category by leveraging the representations of reliable predictions in their vicinity. On the other side, we introduce a dynamic reliability threshold based on the Shannon entropy of each prediction, gradually evaluating the confidence threshold of reliable predictions as predictive accuracy improves. After selecting reliable predictions, we sequentially apply erosion and dilation to refine them for better selection of qualified positive and negative samples. We evaluate our proposed method on abdominal CT images, including 131 images (train data: 77, validation data: 26, and testing data: 28) from 2017 ISBI Liver Tumors Segmentation Challenge. Results Our method obtains satisfactory performance in different proportion by exploiting the unreliable predictions. Compared with the result of VNet only under supervised settings (with 10, 30, 50, 70% and full labeled data), LRS 2 , respectively, brings an improvement of Dice coefficient by +6.11, +3.55, +4.43, and +2.25%, achieving Dice coefficients of 93.44, 93.31, 94.85, and 95.12%, respectively. Conclusion In this study, we carefully select appropriate positive and negative samples from reliable regions, ensuring that anchor pixels within unreliable regions are correctly assigned to their respective categories. With a consideration of the anatomical structure present in CT images, we partition the image representations into regional units, enabling anchor pixels to capture more precise sample information. Extensive experiments confirm the effectiveness of our method.
The Dedication of Francesco Corteccia's Hinnario

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Research Article| January 01 1960 The Dedication of Francesco Corteccia's Hinnario Glen Haydon Glen Haydon Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the American Musicological Society (1960) 13 (1-3): 112–116. https://doi.org/10.2307/830250 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Glen Haydon; The Dedication of Francesco Corteccia's Hinnario. Journal of the American Musicological Society 1 January 1960; 13 (1-3): 112–116. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/830250 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentJournal of the American Musicological Society Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1960 The American Musicological Society Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Preoperative Computed Tomography Features of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma for Predicting Lymph Node Metastasis and Overall Survival

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives The aims of this study were to compare the difference of computed tomography (CT) features between intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ICCs) with and without lymph node metastasis (LNM) and to construct a nomogram to predict LNM and overall survival preoperatively. Methods Clinicopathological and contrast-enhanced CT features of 63 patients with ICC were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to construct a nomogram to predict LNM preoperatively. Survival curves were drawn with the Kaplan-Meier method, and survival difference was compared. Results Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas with and without LNM differed significantly in clinical symptoms, tumor location, morphologic classification, arterial phase enhancement degree–mean, arterial phase enhancement degree–max, portal venous phase enhancement degree–max, equilibrium phase (EP) enhancement ratio, EP CT value–max, and EP CT value–max/liver. A nomogram based on morphologic classification, EP CT value–max, and EP enhancement ratio was constructed to predict LNM with an area under curve of 0.814 ( P < 0.001). Patients with ICC with LNM risk of 0.20 or greater based on the nomogram showed a significantly poorer overall survival than those with LNM risk less than 0.20 (39.5 ± 5.2 vs 51.1 ± 4.7 months). Conclusions Preoperative CT features of ICCs differed significantly between those with and without LNM. Nomogram based on those features could predict LNM and overall survival even better than the N stage.
An Austrian social work project in Western Sahara

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Western Sahara is a territory in northwest Africa, bordered by Morocco, Algeria, Mauritania, and the Atlantic Ocean.In 1963, the United Nations asked Spain as the colonial power of Western Sahara, to decolonize the territory.But Spain did not answer this call, instead it handed the colony to the neighboring countries Morocco and Mauretania.In reaction, the Sahrawi people proclaimed the Democratic Arab Republic of Western Sahara or DARS.After the invasion of Morocco in the north and of Mauretania in the south, part of the people fled to Algeria and erected several refugee camps that exist to this day.According to Dreven, Poprask in Ramšak (2019), a military conflict ensued.Mauretania retreated in 1985 and Morocco took over this area and succeeded in permanently occupying about 80% of the Western Sahara, and the DARS was left with around 20%.Morocco brought in several hundred thousand of its citizens.To cut off the 20% rest of Western Sahara, a 2700 km long wall known as "the Berm," surrounded by millions of land mines was built.In 1991, the United Nations brokered a ceasefire agreement and established a peacekeeping mission, the MINURSO, which has been monitoring the ceasefire and the buffer zone along the Berm for 29 years, but without any mandate to monitor the human rights situation in the occupied area.A referendum should have been carried out, but it hasn't happened.The UN finished the register of voters, but Morocco refuses to accept it.Western Sahara is to this day the largest territory on the UN's list of Non--Self-Governing Territories by both land area and population.The Western Saharan conflict is fundamentally a question of decolonization: an anomaly in an otherwise successful process of the decolonization of Africa.The territory is therefore often referred to as "the last African colony".The Sahrawi refugee camps were first established in this harsh and inhospitable desert plain during 1975 and 1976 by Sahrawi refugees fleeing from advancing Moroccan forces.The land was offered freely by the Algerian government, but it is subject to scorching temperatures, frequent sandstorms, and lack of vegetation.It is often referred to as "the Devil's Garden."The last official counting of the UN (in 2019) showed up a figure of 173.000 people living permanently in the camps.As one of the last unresolved decolonization issues on Earth, Western Sahara should be one of the international community's most urgent priorities.A situation of refuge and exile, imagined to be temporary, has in this case become a permanent status quo.This frozen conflict has an increasing
703-P: Addressing Health Disparities—Findings from Community Health Screenings for Diabetes and Hypertension in Underserved Populations

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction and Objective: This report summarizes findings from health screening events conducted with grassroots immigrant organizations in Iowa to improve awareness and management of key health indicators like blood pressure and blood sugar. The focus was on underserved populations, particularly Latinos, who face disproportionately high rates of chronic diseases. Diabetes affects 17% of Latinos compared to 8% of non-Hispanic Whites, and hypertension impacts 25%, often due to socioeconomic challenges and limited access to care. This report highlights participant demographics, health conditions, screening outcomes, and recommendations for future interventions. Methods: Between July 1, 2023, and October 19, 2024, 25 health screening events took place in Des Moines, Marshalltown, Perry, and Storm Lake, targeting Spanish-speaking communities. A total of 1,021 participants completed intake surveys gathering demographic and health data. Screenings measured blood pressure and blood sugar levels, with referrals to federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) provided for follow-up as needed. Descriptive statistical analysis identified health trends and gaps in access to care. Results: Of the 1,021 participants, 72% were female, and 56% identified as Mexican. Approximately 64% were uninsured, and 15% had diabetes, with 55% reporting a family history. Hypertension affected 19%, and 47% reported a family history of high blood pressure. Although 71% had prior screenings, 24% had never been tested. Referrals were made for 20 participants with abnormal results. Conclusion: These screenings revealed gaps in healthcare access, especially for diabetes and hypertension. Recommendations include expanding screenings, targeting high-risk groups, improving follow-up care, and increasing education to enhance community health outcomes. Disclosure J.A. Reyes: None. W. Wei: None. J. O'Hara: None. I. Perez-Rodriguez: None. C. Brandt: None.
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements on time-variant systems: the case of the Volmer-Heyrovský corrosion reaction. Part I: theoretical description

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

One of the theoretical requirements of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measure­ments is that the studied system should not be varying with time. Unfortunately, this is rarely the case of physical systems. In the literature, quite a few methods exist to check and correct a posteriori the effect of time-variance, allowing to use conventional equivalent circuit models to fit and interpret the data. We suggest a different approach where, for a given electro­chemical mechanism and specific experimental conditions, assuming stationarity during each measurement, a time- and frequency-dependent expression of the Faradaic impe­dance is derived from the kinetic equations. The case of a potential relaxation at zero current following an anodic steady-state polarization is considered for a system where a Volmer-Heyrovský corrosion mechanism is supposed to take place.
Factorization breaking in diffractive dijet photoproduction

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We have calculated the diffractive dijet cross section in low-Q&quot;2 ep scattering in the HERA regime. The results of the calculation in LO and NLO are compared to recent experimental data of the H1 collaboration. We find that in LO the calculated cross sections are in reasonable agreement with the experimental results. In NLO, however, some of the cross sections disagree, showing that factorization breaking occurs in that order. By suppressing the resolved contribution by a factor of approximately three, good agreement with all the data is found. The size of the factorization breaking effects in diffractive dijet photoproduction agrees well with absorptive model predictions. (orig.)
Enhanced Etching, Surface Damage Recovery, and Submicron\nPatterning of Hybrid Perovskites using a Chemically Gas-Assisted Focused-Ion\nBeam for Subwavelength Grating Photonic Applications

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The high optical gain and absorption\nof organic–inorganic\nhybrid perovskites have attracted attention for photonic device applications.\nHowever, owing to the sensitivity of organic moieties to solvents\nand temperature, device processing is challenging, particularly for\npatterning. Here, we report the direct patterning of perovskites using\nchemically gas-assisted focused-ion beam (GAFIB) etching with XeF<sub>2</sub> and I<sub>2</sub> precursors. We demonstrate etching enhancement\nin addition to controllability and marginal surface damage compared\nto focused-ion beam (FIB) etching without precursors. Utilizing the\nGAFIB etching, we fabricated a uniform and periodic submicron perovskite\nsubwavelength grating (SWG) absorber with broadband absorption and\nnanoscale precision. Our results demonstrate the use of FIB as a submicron\npatterning tool and a means of providing surface treatment (after\nFIB patterning to minimize optical loss) for perovskite photonic nanostructures.\nThe SWG absorber can be patterned on perovskite solar cells to enhance\nthe device efficiency through increasing light trapping and absorption.
Quantifying individual tree growth and tree competition using bi-temporal airborne laser scanning data: a case study in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Improved monitoring and understanding of tree growth and its responses to controlling factors are important for tree growth modeling. Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) can be used to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of large-scale forest surveys in delineating three-dimensional forest structures and under-canopy terrains. This study proposed an ALS-based framework to quantify tree growth and competition. Bi-temporal ALS data were used to quantify tree growth in height (H), crown area (A), crown volume (V), and tree competition for 114,000 individual trees in two conifer-dominant Sierra Nevada forests. We analyzed the correlations between tree growth attributes and controlling factors (i.e. tree sizes, competition, forest structure, and topographic parameters) at multiple levels. At the individual tree level, H had no consistent correlations with controlling factors, A and V were positively related to original tree sizes (R>0.3) and negatively related to competition indices (R<-0.3). At the forest-stand level, H and A were highly correlated to topographic wetness index (|R|>0.7), V was positively related to original tree sizes (|R|>0.8). Multivariate regression models were simulated at individual tree level for H, A, and V with the R-2 ranged from 0.1 to 0.43. The ALS-based tree height estimation and growth analysis results were consistent with field measurements.
Essential transition components and curriculum for students with disabilities to access postsecondary education in Botswana

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Postsecondary education participation is crucial for successful transition to employment, consequently leading to self-reliant and productive lives especially for students with disabilities (SWDs). This study was conducted to examine teachers’ perceptions of pertinent transition components and the significance of the curriculum in promoting a smooth transition to postsecondary education for SWDs. Quantitative research using a cross-sectional survey was conducted with 258 participants. Determination of significant differences among distinct groups of teachers was based on Kruskal–Wallis tests with Mann Whitney U tests run as follow-up to identify where differences existed between groups. Generally, participants agreed, among others, that a written plan, variety of activities, academic and functional skills, and involvement of students’ parents/families in the transition process were essential transition components. However, participants disagreed about the relevance of mathematics, science, English and Setswana languages, and optional subjects in promoting successful transition to postsecondary education. Participants also varied on the extent to which they agreed and disagreed with transition components and coursework, respectively, in promoting a smooth transition process. It is therefore recommended that secondary teachers engage in professional development activities to minimize disparities in transition understanding and enhance their transition knowledge and competencies, thus facilitating successful transition of SWDs to postsecondary education.
Video game prototype to improve Mental Health problems

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Video game technology is booming throughout Peru. These have become one of the most extensive recreational activities among children, youth and adults. Many fall for its potentially harmful effects on behavior and mental health. There are many studies that support the possible benefits of video games, as inputs for treatments. A new generation of the indicated conditions are called "serious games" or games for health purposes. Miscellaneous: learning disabilities, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Behavioral disorders, autism spectrum disorder, social phobia, addiction, etc. The elaboration of this article will be based on the SUM methodology, with this methodology we can see that by using it we will have a better interaction with the user so that they have an easily accessible benefit in their hands. The obj ective is the investigation of Mental Health problems and improve the learning of users through the tools of video games. The conclusion of our article is to give a better education to our users with the strategies and methodologies implemented within the article.
The Importance of Grammar in ELT

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

With the advent of the Communicative Approach in ELT, grammar has been marginalized as the focus has shifted from accuracy to communicative competence. Yet an obvious decline in written proficiency has been noticed due basically to poor grammar. If a high written proficiency is required at the academic level, could this be achieved without grammar instruction in the foreign language? This paper will investigate on this issue by addressing the following questions: (i) To Teach or Not to Teach Grammar: a Controversy? (ii) How to Teach Grammar: Is there a miraculously effective method? What are the implications on the Grammar-Writing interdependence?.
Abstraction, idealization, and concretization: A discussion of Leszek Nowak’s interpretation of Karl Marx’s method

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this article, an interpretation of Marx’s notions of abstraction and concretization is presented. Unlike Leszek Nowak’s approach, Marx’s use of idealizations is not a reversible process of adding and removing idealizing assumptions. Marx had a richer use of the term abstraction, one in which concretization involves a creative moment of conceptual innovation. Marx adds new variables and new assumptions and elaborates new categories at different levels of abstraction in order to show the unity between appearances and essences. De-idealization, according to Marx, involves both recomposition and de-isolation. Also, concretization, for Marx, does not follow a linear approximation to reality, but rather a hermeneutical circle that is constantly in the process of reframing categories to provide answers to different questions. As a case study, this article shows an interpretation of Marx’s labor theory of value.
When Justice Delayed is Justice Denied: Advantages and Disadvantages of Emergency Arbitration in Comparison with Interim Relief

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Interim protection measures are essential for the proper functioning of dispute resolution processes.Without the existence of such measures, parties to a dispute resolution process -be it ordinary court proceedings or international arbitration -may suffer irreparable harm while waiting for the adoption of a final and binding decision settling their dispute.While international arbitration has many advantages over litigation in domestic courts, interim relief has been considered the Achilles' heel of the system because arbitral tribunals cannot order interim measures of protection before they are constituted.To fill this gap, arbitral institutions have adopted the emergency arbitration procedure.It allows parties who are unable to wait for the constitution of the arbitral tribunal to seek interim measures in proceedings that are independent of the merits.Even so, there are disadvantages to the emergency arbitration procedure in comparison to ordinary court-ordered interim relief.These stem from the peculiarity of international dispute resolution and the arbitral process.This paper sets out to examine the advantages and disadvantages of emergency arbitration as opposed to interim relief and offer potential solutions to the shortcomings of the former.
Degradation of Rice Straw with Dilute Hydrochloric Acid

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Rice straw was degraded with different concentration hydrochloric acid solution.The reaction mixture was extracted with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate, respectively. The effects of different concentration dilute hydrochloric acids on the yields of residue were investigated. The extracts were analyzed with gas chromatography (GC) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. The results indicated that hydrochloric acid solution can convert most of the organic matters contained in rice straw into solvent-soluble species. The research is significance in the high value added utilization of rice straw.
Influence of Collodion Particles on the Visible End-Point in Antibody Titrations

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Summary Collodion particles combined with autolysates of pneumococcus, meningococcus and gonococcus were agglutinated when the suspensions were mixed with antibacterial sera. The titers obtained in this manner were much greater than could be obtained by comparable mixtures of organisms and antisera, whole organisms, collodion particles and antisera, or autolysates and antisera. There is apparently an optimal concentration of collodion particles requisite for obtaining maximal titers from antisera. Titers obtained in non-specific reactions were lower than those obtained by specific mixtures of autolysates, collodion particles and antisera. It was found by experiment that the most satisfactory titers were obtained by allowing collodion particles to remain suspended in autolysate. It is suggested that no washing of the particles be made to free them of “excess” antigen in view of the fact that antigenic substances other than adsorbable proteins might be present. The phenomenon of increased titer effected by use of collodion particle-autolysate antigens was observed with both low- and high-titered sera.