jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Endocardial surface structures of the feline heart observed with a scanning electron microscope

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Internal surface structures of the auricular and ventricular chambers were studied with scanning electron microscopy. We observed vascular connections between the ventricular chamber and the coronary vessels, including cords and papillary muscles covering the lining of the endocardium. The endothelial cells covering the inner surface of the endocardium appeared to be functionally active with many microvilli similar to pinocytic microprojections of other endothelial cells. The pinocytic microprojections ranged between approximately 100 and 300 Å in diameter. The epicardium contained mainly bundles of collagenous fibers.
Institutional Ownership, Corporate Social Performance, and Firms' Financial Performance

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study examined the relationship between institutional investors and corporate social performance. Using corporate social performance data from the Fortune database, we demonstrated that institutional investors do not influence the social orientation of corporations. Further, the data seem to indicate that institutional investors are myopic with respect to a corporation's social position. However, there is support for the view that corporate social performance is an integral part of achieving a better match between an organization and the environment.
ESG as Protection Against Downside Risk

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We examine whether the uncertainty related to environmental, social, and governance (ESG) regulation developments is reflected in asset prices. We proxy the sensitivity of firms to ESG regulation uncertainty by the disparity across the components of their ESG ratings. Firms with high ESG disparity have a higher option-implied cost of protection against downside tail risk. The impact of the misalignment across the different dimensions of the ESG score is distinct from that of ESG score level itself. Aggregate downside risk bears a negative price for firms with low ESG disparity.
Enzymatic Modification of Proteins in Foodstuffs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A bitter proteolyzate obtained by incubating soy protein with pepsin under the conventional condition contained 80.0μmole% glycyl-L-leucine (Gly-Leu) and 64.7μmole% L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (Leu-Phe). On treating the bitter proteolyzate with α-chymotrypsin under the condition for plastein synthesis, the resulting product showed no bitterness and contained neither Gly-Leu nor Leu-Phe. Both Gly-Leu and Leu-Phe were insusceptible to the α-chymotryptic hydrolysis under this reaction condition. When the peptic proteolyzate to which either Gly-Leu or Leu-Phe was added (final content: 500μmole% each) was submitted to the plastein reaction, Gly-Leu and Leu-Phe disappeared within 12hr and 4hr, respectively, in spite of their insusceptibility to the α-chymotryptic hydrolysis. When the peptic proteolyzate to which a large amount of either Gly-Leu or Leu-Phe was added (final content: 500mmole% each) was submitted to the plastein reaction, the 50% aqueous ethanol insoluble core from each plastein-reaction product contained, as its constituents, significantly increased amounts of either glycine and leucine, or leucine and phenylalanine. Free glycine, leucine and phenylalanine each, however, did not participate the plastein synthesis. Accordingly it is concluded that, so far as the bitter peptides, Gly-Leu and Leu-Phe, are concerned, they play roles of plastein-building blocks, constitute the plastein in co-operation with other peptides in the peptic proteolyzate, and are hence deprived of their bitterness. In the case of Gly-Leu, its leucine terminus was mostly participant of constituting the plastein and, as a result, the glycyl-L-leucyl residues seemed to localize rather in the N-termini of the plastein chains. In the case of Leu-Phe, its both termini participated the plastein synthesis and, consequently, the L-leucyl-L-phenylalanyl residues seemed to be distributed almost uniformly in the plastein chains.
Development of automatic landmark identification for mandible using curvature-based registration

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to propose an automatic landmark identification method using curvature to improve the reproducibility of landmark identification and compare its performance with that of a previously established method. Methods A total of 30 patients with facial deformities associated with mandibular prognathism were included. CT images were utilized to construct 3D surface models, followed by an analysis of their surface curvature distribution. A statistical shape model (SSM) was created as a deformable mean model to identify the 6 landmarks. These landmarks were automatically identified in each patient model by registering the SSM in the individual patient models. Two registration methods were employed: the proposed curvature-based and previously established methods. Both methods involved rigid and nonrigid registration processes; however, the proposed method included additional curvature-based registration using a curvature-driven, nonrigid iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm. The Euclidean distances between the manually and automatically identified landmarks were measured and compared between the 2 methods. Results The Euclidean distance was significantly lower in the gonion and right coronoid process when the proposed method was used compared to the previous method. No significant differences were observed in the condylion or left coronoid process. Conclusions These findings suggest that the curvature-based registration successfully automates landmark identification on 3D mandibular images, providing higher accuracy in convex regions and improved reproducibility in landmark identification.
The Spatial Construal of TIME in Indonesian: Evidence from Language and Gesture

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper presents evidence from language and gesture for the spatial conceptualisation of time in Indonesian. Linguistic evidence corroborates the dominant patterns of space-time mapping for deictic (i.e., future, present/now, and past) and sequential times (i.e., before-after). Indonesian speakers talk about the future as an event in front of the Ego, while the past is behind the Ego. The spontaneous gestural data reflect and extend the patterns observed in other languages. Forward and backward (i.e., sagittal) gestures tend to accompany future and past expressions respectively. Deictic times can also be construed through the leftward and rightward (i.e., lateral) gestures and the combination of the sagittal and lateral axes, which lack a linguistic analogue. The sequential-time gesture is more likely to be lateral. Our study contributes to (i) the exploration of universality and variation in the construal of time in language and gesture, and (ii) the growing interest within Cognitive Linguistics in converging and/or diverging evidence from different methods and data types.
Amyloid-beta Causes Autophagy Dysfunction by Inhibiting Protein Prenylation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

There is ample evidence that autophagy is affected in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) but the causes, the nature of the dysfunction and the mechanisms of autophagy impairment are unclear. Autophagy depends on vesicular trafficking and membrane fusion, events that rely on several protein complexes and small GTPases. Previously our laboratory demonstrated that a neurotoxic mechanism of amyloid-β oligomers (Aβ) is inhibition of protein prenylation. Reduced protein prenylation results in impairment of intracellular and axonal trafficking. The Rab family of small GTPases are prenylated proteins required for normal trafficking, membrane fusion and autophagy. We hypothesize that defective autophagy in AD is due to inhibited protein prenylation and restoring protein prenylation will normalize the autophagic pathway and prevent neuronal death. We performed in vitro experiments to determine the nature of autophagy dysfunction. A biomarker of autophagy is the microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II (LC3-II), which associates with the autophagosome membrane. Neurons challenged with Aβ accumulated LC3-II when analyzed by western blot. LC3-II increase is ambiguous, since it could represent induced autophagy or blocked lysosomal degradation of LC3-II. To differentiate between these possibilities we directly examined autophagic flux by expressing mCherry-GFP-LC3 in cultured cells. Autophagic flux was decreased in cultured cells treated with Aβ, and was recovered by rescuing protein prenylation with geranylgeranylpyrophosphate. Similarly, simvastatin and psoromic acid, two agents that inhibit protein prenylation, also blocked autophagic flux in a prenylation-dependent manner. Among prenylated proteins we focus on Rab7, which is essential in autophagy progression and lysosomal biogenesis, and is altered in brains of AD patients. During autophagy, Rab7 localizes to autophagosomes together with LC3. Treatment with Aβ reduced Rab7 co-localization with LC3. Normalization of protein prenylation restored colocalization of Rab7 and LC3. Significantly, reversing autophagy dysfunction has been validated as an innovative therapeutic strategy in AD. Yet, the lack of knowledge on the nature and cause(s) of autophagy dysfunction prevents the development of selective autophagy-targeted strategies with disease-modifying value. Our work will provide an essential evidence base for potential therapeutic developments that target autophagy flux in the CNS.
UN MEDICO DISTRATTO: Â«RESPONSABILITAâ€™ POLITICAÂ» E Â«GIUDIZIO AMMINISTRATIVOÂ» NEL LOMBARDO-VENETO

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A slip of the pen when prescribing an antipyretic. A story of medical malpractice makes a deep breakthrough in several legal profiles of liability under the second part of the Austrian penal code of 1803, and also over the dismissal of the public official of the Lombardy-Venetia kingdom: reflections on some issues for future research.
Data locality exploitation in the decomposition of regular domain problems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this paper is to study the effect of local memory hierarchy and communication network exploitation on message sending and the influence of this effect on the decomposition of regular applications. In particular, we have considered two different parallel computers, a Cray T3E-900 and an SGI Origin 2000. In both systems, the bandwidth reduction due to non-unit-stride memory access is quite significant and could be more important than the reduction due to contention in the network. These conclusions affect the choice of optimal decompositions for regular domains problems. Thus, although traditional 3D decompositions lead to lower inherent communication-to-computation ratios and could exploit more efficiently the interconnection network, lower dimensional decompositions are found to be more efficient due to the data decomposition effects on the spatial locality of the messages to be communicated. This increasing importance of local optimisations has also been shown using a well-known communication-computation overlapping technique which increases execution time, instead of reducing it as we could expect, due to poor cache memory exploitation.
Anthony Crosland as a Political Economist

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Returning to Trinity in the year of Attlee's new dawn, converting from Classics to PPE at the age of 27, the ex-paratrooper on his way to a First made a careful study of Marshall's Principles, Pigou's Economics of Welfare and Keynes' General Theory under the guidance of the pragmatic Robert Hall, whose Economic System in a Socialist State had in 1937 looked with Hayek to market pricing for accurate calculation even as it had looked with Jay, Dalton and Macmillan's Middle Way to the purposive nationalisation of the commanding heights. Crosland in 1947 replaced his tutor (invited to succeed James Meade as Economic Advisor to the Government) as Lecturer in Economics at Trinity. His principal scholarly contributions — 'The Movement of Labour in 1948' 'and (1949) Prices and Costs in Nationalised Undertakings' (1950) — demonstrate the lack of interest of a morally-minded socialist who had joined Labour at the age of 16 in the use of mathematics, diagrams and abstractions that do so little for the cause of equality and welfare. Later articles in Encounter, Socialist Commentary and Tribune, together with the polemical Britain's Economic Problem in 1953, show him more comfortable with economics when freed from the disciplinary detachment of arid formalism.KeywordsPolitical EconomistFull EmploymentMoral AuthoritySocialist CommentaryResale Price MaintenanceThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
RBM20 mutation and ventricular arrhythmias in a young patient with dilated cardiomyopathy: a case report.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Gene mutations in RBM20 have been identified in a minority of familial and sporadic dilated cardiomyopathy cases. Recent studies of carriers of RBM20 mutations not only highlight the aforementioned association with dilated cardiomyopathy but also indicate a link with increased incidence of ventricular arrhythmias. Herein we describe a case of 17-year-old female patient with dilated cardiomyopathy carrying a p.(Arg634Trp) RBM20 mutation and presenting with frequent premature ventricular contractions and episodes of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia.
Abstract 14876: Characterizing Regional and Global Effects of Epicardial Adipose Tissue on Left Atrial Function

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Obesity is associated with left atrial (LA) dysfunction. Excess epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) deposition is one potential mechanism for this dysfunction. However, it is unknown if the effects of EAT on LA function are mediated via adjacency to LA tissue or rather, represent effects of generalized cardiometabolic dysfunction, also common in obesity. We hypothesized EAT located around the LA would be associated with LA function compared to EAT located distally on the left ventricle (LV). Methods: ardiac MRI was performed in 54 middle-aged obese adults (n = 80, age 40-55 yrs) enriched for increased heart failure risk (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide &gt;40 pg/mL or high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T &gt;0.6 pg/mL; visceral fat &gt;2kg). EAT was quantified by tracing the area of LV EAT depots on short axis and LA EAT depots on long axis. LA strain was assessed by MRI feature tracking as reservoir strain during LV systole, conduit strain during early LV diastole, and contractile strain during late LV diastole. Linear regression was performed between EAT area and LA strain components. LA function was quantified by LA reservoir, conduit, and contractile strain. Results: LV EAT amount was 12 times higher than LA EAT (66.7 vs 5.3 cm 2 ). LA EAT was associated with decreased LA conduit strain (r = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.12 to 0.58, p = 0.006) and a trend towards lower reservoir strain (r = -0.26, 95% CI = -0.49 to 0.01, p = 0.058). There was no association with contractile strain. There were no relationships between LV EAT and LA function. Conclusion: Increased LA EAT was associated with worse LA strain. In contrast, LV EAT had no demonstrable effect on LA strain. Our results suggest LA EAT may have direct mechanical or paracrine effects on atrial tissue function and may be a therapeutic target for improving LA function in obese patients.
FIGURE 18 in Five new species of subfamily Tephritinae (Tephritidae: Diptera) from Himalayas and description of postabdominal structures in Chaetostomella completa (Kapoor, Malla & Ghosh), Pliomelaena spathuliniforma (Dirlbek & Dirlbek) and P. zonogastra (Bezzi)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

FIGURE 18. Chaetostomella completa (Kapoor, Malla & Ghosh) A: Spicules on eversible membrane, B & C: Posterior & lateral view of epandrium, D: Glans and E: Apical spines on preputium.
Living Arrangements, Intra-Household Inequality and Children’s Deprivation: Evidence from EU-SILC

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract A non-negligible proportion of children in Europe live in multifamily households that include other adults beyond their parents: around 4% live with their grandparents and a further 7% with their adult siblings. In this paper, we investigate the extent to which living in these two household types protects children against deprivation and we provide tests of the relationship between the intrahousehold sharing of resources and children’s deprivation. We find that although most children in multifamily households face significantly higher deprivation risks than children in nuclear households this largely reflects the selection into co-residence of families facing financial difficulties rather than arising from an incomplete sharing of resources. We further show that co-residence with grandparents protects a large share of children against deprivation (i.e. they would face higher deprivation risk if they lived only with their parents) while co-residence with adult siblings has more mixed effects across countries.
eCOS for ARM based embedded system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As embedded systems become more prevalent and increasingly sophisticated in the modern electronics market, an operating system is needed to ease the load of the programmer in designing and developing the whole system. The Embedded Configurable Operating System (eCos) is an open source real time operating system. One of the key features of the eCos is that it allows programmers to remove all unnecessary functionality and features, hence reduces the resources required and hence optimised for the applications. This project first involves the study and understanding of eCos, follows by the customization of the eCos for an ARM Cortex processor based embedded board. Familiarization with the tools used by the eCos is first needed in order to understand the porting process. Some simple applications are then developed in order to get familiarized with the various developing tools and the development approaches used for eCos based system. Eventually, an eCos application is developed based around the SD memory card. SD memory card has become the de-facto industry standard for mobile phones, digital cameras, MP3 players, and other consumer electronic devices. It allows users to store video, photos, and sound in a reliable, easy-to-use format. This project uses the Cortex M3 STM32 processor board that was developed by an earlier student. However, several functionalities of the microprocessor have not been tested on the board, one of which is the SD interface. For the Cortex microprocessor used, particular attention is hence paid to its SDIO interface together with a detailed study of the specification of the SD protocols, thus allowing the SD Card functionalities to be integrated in the eCos ported for the board.
Ocean Mesoscale Eddy Diffusivity (Abernathey and Marshall, 2013)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Surface mesoscale diffusivities as defined in the paper:
Abernathey, R. P., and J. Marshall (2013), Global surface eddy diffusivities derived from satellite altimetry, J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 118, 901–916, doi:10.1002/jgrc.20066.
Lipase activity in alcoholysis and esterification reactions of crude latex from babaco fruit (Carica pentagona)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

L'activité lipasique du latex brut de Io plante subtropicale de Babaco (Carica pentagona) est étudiée dans des réactions d'alcoolyse et d'estérification. Les résultats indiquent que le latex brut de Carica pentagona présente des propriétés biocatalytiques équivalentes au latex brut de Carica papaya dans des réactions de synthèse telles que l'alcoolyse de triacylglycérols et la réaction d'estérification (les rendements de réaction sont respectivement 72,3% et 70,2% après 3 h pour l'alcoolyse et 31,8% et 33,8% après 24 h pour la réaction d'estérification). Par contre, la papaïne brute commerciale donne des rendements de réaction beaucoup plus bas que les latex bruts des deux espèces de Carica (28,9% en alcoolyse et 5,4% en estérification).
The relationships between serum ferritin, gender, and exercise in Canadians of Icelandic descent : implications for nursing

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

It has been suggested that increased levels of stored iron may be a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. The relationships between serum ferritin, gendor and exercise in male and female Manitobians of Icelandic descent age 21 to 60 years were studied. Mean serum ferritin levels obtained were 187.93 ug/L and 47.84 ug/L for males and females respectively. The mean serum ferritin level for premenopausal females was 33.06 ug/L compared to 71.14 ug/L for postmenopausal females. Statistically significant differenccs were noted for serum ferritin levels between males and females; males and premenopausal women; males and postmenopausal women, and between premenopausal and postmenopausal females. Males, but not females, who exercised regularly (45 minutes or more per week) had significantly lower levels of serum ferrtin compared to their sedentary counterparts. However, in postmenopausal females, exercise was found to be negatively correlated to serum ferritin. Hemoglobin and hematocrit were found to be positively correlated to serum ferritin levels in males and females. Higher intakes of dietary iron were found to be positively correlated with serum ferritin levels in females; whereas, alcohol consumption was found to be positively correlated to serum ferritin in males. These findings suggest that regular exercise in males and postmenopausal women may be beneficial in decreasing the risk of cardiovascular disease through the depleting of iron stores in the body.
PROGRESSIVE IMAGES: APPLYING MESH PROCESSING TO IMAGES

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recently the application of signal and image processing techniques to polygonal meshes has attracted much attention in graphics. In this paper, the interesting reverse direction is considered; application of mesh processing techniques to images. We present a multiresolution representation of an image, called a progressive image, which is based on the progressive mesh representation. By applying mesh simplification to an image, we obtain a continuous hierarchy of image features from large to small scales. Multiresolution detail representation and the concept of dual pieces play an important role in performing feature processing with a progressive image. We demonstrate that a progressive image can be successfully applied to graphics problems concerning images, such as high dynamic range compression and painterly rendering.
The Use of the Cocomelon YouTube Channel as a Medium for Introducing Children's English Vocabulary

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

YouTube is a video-watching application that is very popular in today's society. Therefore, people can access YouTube anywhere and anytime. Not only ordinary videos, but nowadays, YouTube is also used for academic purposes for children. Children can also learn English by watching stories, music, or YouTube videos. Various videos on YouTube can be helpful. Be accessed easily, one of which is through the Cocomelon Channel. This study aims to explain using the Cocomelon YouTube channel as a learning medium for vocabulary recognition for children aged 6-12 years. This research is a case study with a qualitative method in which the researchers take observation and interview as the data collection technique. The participants in this study were children aged 6 to 12 years. From the children's feedback and interviews with parents, the result shows that using Cocomelon's YouTube channel can affect the addition of new vocabulary for children.