jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
What Do Principals Say about Their Work? Implications for Addressing Barriers to Learning and School Improvement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This brief highlights what principals say about their work, especially about how the job has changed and what factors most affect job performance and satisfaction. The data have been culled from various surveys, reports, interviews, and so forth published since 2000. Specific attention is given to the degree to which concerns about addressing barriers to learning and teaching and re-engaging disconnected students are and are not discussed. Implications for school improvement are outlined. The intent of this report is to stimulate discussion of ways to enhance and enable principal effectiveness with the full range of students at their schools. At the end of the document is an invitation to send comments that can be synthesized and shared widely.
The Essence of the Samkhya by Vijñana Bhiksu

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Essence of the Sipkhya by Vijnana Bhiksu Megumu Honda1) Salutation to that Visnu! who is called the Great, is self -existent (svayambhu), the sprout of the (whole) world, the Lord, the universal soul (sarvatman) and is conquering all (the enemies).2) The true nature of the soul (atman) has been discriminated a little by the Samkhya-karika.Now the Samkhya-sara-viveka (the discrimination of the essence of the Samkhya system) is displayed by (the author) Vi jnana (-bhiksu) (who has the discriminating knowledge).3) In a group of the verses (of the Samkhya-karika) mostly the introductory (protion) to the Samkhya has been accumulated.Here, therefore, only the portions not mentioned there is described a little.4) I have fully explained the self -nature of the Primordial Matter (prakrti) and others in my Samkhya (pravacana) bhasya.Here, therefore, the same will again be told only in brief way.
Bayesian Time-Domain Finite Element Model Updating of Civil Infrastructure Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) 2021 report card rated the U.S. infrastructure at a C- grade. Therefore, there is an operational need for structural health monitoring (SHM) and damage prognosis (DP) for large-scale civil infrastructure systems. An effective way of performing SHM/DP of structural systems is by using a hybrid physics-based and data-driven digital twin or cyber model. A potential approach for constructing digital twins of civil structural systems consists of using the Bayesian finite element (FE) model updating framework. The process of calibrating probabilistically, using the Bayesian inference framework, a FE model of a structural system using sensor measurement data collected from the system is termed as Bayesian FE model updating. Most methods of FE model updating for SHM consist of updating linear FE models based on changes in modal parameters identified before and after a potentially damaging event (e.g., an earthquake) using low amplitude vibration data. However, these modal methods only identify damage as loss of effective stiffness and can only be used to detect the existence of damage and localize it. This dissertation focuses on the Bayesian FE model updating framework applied in the time domain. This framework can be used to update linear and nonlinear FE models. In contrast to updated linear FE models, a mechanics-based nonlinear FE model of the system (able to capture the damage states and failure modes of interest) updated using measurement data can provide information about other crucial characteristics of damage such as loss of strength, ductility capacity, and low cycle fatigue life, etc., which are very important to identify for comprehensive damage diagnosis and prognosis. The updated mechanics-based nonlinear FE model can be directly used to detect, localize, classify, and assess the severity of the damage and perform damage prognosis.\nThe Bayesian time-domain FE model updating framework is illustrated using three civil infrastructure testbed structures – a concrete gravity dam, a miter gate, and a bridge column. The framework is further extended to account for model form uncertainty, arguably the most significant source of uncertainty in model calibration, in linear dynamic systems. The extended framework is illustrated and validated on simple structural benchmark problems. \nSurrogate models can be used as fast emulators of FE models to accelerate the extremely computationally expensive model updating process. Part of this dissertation focuses on evaluating the loss of accuracy and the gain in computational time while performing Bayesian model updating by using surrogate model evaluations compared to using direct FE model evaluations.
Effects of Tyrothricin and Actinomycin A Upon Bacterial Fibrinolysis and Plasma-Coagulation

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

(1) Tyrothricin and actinomycin A inhibit fibrinolysis by beta hemolytic streptococcus cultures or supernatants thereof. (2) These substances also interfere with coagulation of plasma by pathogenic staphylococcus.
Palatal and Ramal Plate Applications

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

This chapter discusses two designs of appliance – modified C-palatal plates (MCCP) and ramal plates. It has been reported that MCPP appliances effectively distalize the posterior teeth in adults and adolescents. MCPPs should be adjusted on a dental cast so they can be shaped to fit the patient's palate. The arms of the MCPPs should extend in the area between the first molar and second premolar or deciduous second molar, leaving sufficient space between the arms and the palatal slopes. Ramal plates have been reported as a viable treatment option for mandibular total arch distalization in Class III patient. The placement site of the ramal plate should be assessed thoroughly because of the retromolar foramen, which is present in 9-25% of the population. The MCPP is an effective, versatile, and easy-to-install appliance for achieving total arch distalization of the maxillary dentition with a relatively true bodily movement of the maxillary first molars.
An investigation into the impact of social networking platforms of adolescent identity formation

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This research aims to develop an understanding of the impact of social networking sites on adolescent identity formation and self-esteem. It aims to explore whether different personality types, measured using the Ten Item Personality Inventory, will be found to vary in usage of social networking sites. User types will be defined as ‘basic users’ who use social networking sites for purposes such as interacting with others and knowledge acquisition, users who ‘seek positive affirmation’ through their online posts and users consistency between their online and offline personalities. Author keywords: Adolescents, social networking site, personality, self-esteem, dramaturgical model, Goffman, social compensation, social comparison, socialization
American Society of Hematology, ABHH, ACHO, Grupo CAHT, Grupo CLAHT, SAH, SBHH, SHU, SOCHIHEM, SOMETH, Sociedad Panameña de Hematología, Sociedad Peruana de Hematología, and SVH 2022 guidelines for prevention of venous thromboembolism in surgical and medical patients and long-distance travelers in Latin America

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common disease in Latin American settings. Implementation of international guidelines in Latin American settings requires additional considerations. Objective: To provide evidence-based guidelines about VTE prevention for Latin American patients, clinicians, and decision makers. Methods: We used the GRADE ADOLOPMENT method to adapt recommendations from 2 American Society of Hematology (ASH) VTE guidelines (Prevention of VTE in Surgical Patients and Prophylaxis for Medical Patients). ASH and 12 local hematology societies formed a guideline panel composed of medical professionals from 10 countries in Latin America. Panelists prioritized 20 questions relevant to the Latin American context. A knowledge synthesis team updated evidence reviews of health effects conducted for the original ASH guidelines and summarized information about factors specific to the Latin American context, that is, values and preferences, resources, accessibility, feasibility, and impact on health equity. Results: The panel agreed on 21 recommendations. In comparison with the original guideline, 6 recommendations changed direction and 4 recommendations changed strength. Conclusions: This guideline ADOLOPMENT project highlighted the importance of contextualization of recommendations in other settings, based on differences in values, resources, feasibility, and health equity impact.
Frequency of ABO Blood groups in patients with Diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Objectives:The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of the ABO blood groups in sample of patients diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus in Gujarat population.Methods:Case - control study. The study has been carried out in Patients reporting to Medicine department and donor of blood bank of Dhiraj General Hospital, SVU, Pipariya, Vadodara, Gujarat. The study included total 400 patients above 18 years of age were selected, out of which 200 were normal healthy controls (nondiabetic) and 200 patients with diabetes. Blood samples were collected from the Patients after consent had been obtained, thus giving the response rate of 82.4 %. The ABO blood groups of all subjects were determined and recorded by Slide Agglutination method at Haematology laboratory and Blood bank.Results:Data were analysed by “one sample chi square test”. The x² test results showed that there was association between the frequency of ABO blood group and Diabetes Mellitus. The data revealed that the blood group B was significantly more common in diabetic patients as compared with Non-diabetic healthy population (25.5% vs. 23.5%; P < 0.001). Blood group O was significantly less common in diabetic patients compared with non-diabetics (38.5% vs. 44.5%; P < 0.001). Among diabetic men, the frequency of only blood group B was significantly higher, while on the contrary among diabetic women the frequency of both A and B (29.8% vs. 25%; P = 0.033 and 25.7% vs. 19.7%; P < 0.0087, respectively) were significantly higher as compared with nondiabetic healthy population.Conclusion:Our study confirms that the frequency and association exist between the blood group and type of Diabetes Mellitus in this Gujarat population. The findings in this study suggest that ABO antigens are associated with DM. DM is more common in individuals with blood group B. Therefore, a larger extensive study is needed to establish the correlation.
SOME PECULIARITIES OF NEWTON–HOOKE SPACETIMES

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Newton–Hooke spacetimes are the nonrelativistic limit of (anti-)de Sitter spacetimes. We investigate some peculiar facts about the Newton–Hooke spacetimes, among which the "extraordinary Newton–Hooke quantum mechanics" and the "anomalous Newton–Hooke spacetimes" are discussed in detail. Analysis on the Lagrangian/action formalism is performed in the discussion of the Newton–Hooke quantum mechanics, where the path integral point of view plays an important role, and the physically measurable density of probability is clarified.
miR‐34a in extracellular vesicles from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells reduces rheumatoid arthritis inflammation via the cyclin I/ATM/ATR/p53 axis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (Evs) participate in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the mechanism by which microRNA‐34a (miR‐34a) contained in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BM‐MSC)‐derived Evs functions in RA fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (RA‐FLSs). BM‐MSC‐derived Evs and an Evs inhibitor were extracted. A rat model of RA was established. miR‐34a gain‐ and loss‐of‐function experiments were performed, and the inflammation in rat synovial fluid and tissues was detected. The role of miR‐34a in RA‐FLSs was also measured in vitro. The target gene of miR‐34a was predicted using the online software TargetScan and identified using a dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay, and the activation of the ATM/ATR/p53 signalling pathway was assessed. BM‐MSC‐derived Evs mainly elevated miR‐34a expression, which reduced RA inflammation in vivo and inhibited RA‐FLS proliferation and resistance to apoptosis in vitro, while inhibited miR‐34a expression enhanced RA development. In addition, miR‐34a could target cyclin I to activate the ATM/ATR/p53 signalling pathway, thus inhibiting abnormal RA‐FLS growth and RA inflammation. Our study showed that miR‐34a contained in BM‐MSC‐derived Evs could reduce RA inflammation by inhibiting the cyclin I/ATM/ATR/p53 signalling pathway.
Merging images in the JPEG 2000 domain

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Compressed images are often understood as static and indivisible objects. With the advent of scalable compression schemes including JPEG2000 and some modes of the JPEG standard, compressed images may be usefully accessed at reduced quality, resolution, or in selected spatial regions. Nevertheless, the original image remains unchanged. In this paper we are concerned with interactively editing scalably compressed images in the compressed domain. We consider the particular problem of merging regions from two different compressed images, but our method is appropriate also to selectively updating image regions, which may also be used as a means for realizing video transmission through conditional replenishment. The new image coding standard JPEG2000 offers new options for handling compressed raster images, in addition to its superior compression performance. In this paper we propose three different strategies to combine and merge images in the JPEG2000 compressed domain, by exploiting the flexible code-stream syntax of the new standard. Our approach saves computing power and can be used to combine image content in a variety of ways. The resulting code-streams are fully compliant with the JPEG2000 specification.
Insulin activates single amiloride-blockable Na channels in a distal nephron cell line (A6)

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Using the patch-clamp technique, we studied the effect of insulin on an amiloride-blockable Na channel in the apical membrane of a distal nephron cell line (A6) cultured on permeable collagen films for 10-14 days. NPo (N, number of channels per patch membrane; Po, average value of open probability of individual channels in the patch) under baseline conditions was 0.88 +/- 0.12 (SE)(n = 17). After making cell-attached patches on the apical membrane which contained Na channels, insulin (1 mU/ml) was applied to the serosal bath. While maintaining the cell-attached patch, NPo significantly increased to 1.48 +/- 0.19 (n = 17; P less than 0.001) after 5-10 min of insulin application. The open probability of Na channels was 0.39 +/- 0.01 (n = 38) under baseline condition, and increased to 0.66 +/- 0.03 (n = 38, P less than 0.001) after addition of insulin. The baseline single-channel conductance was 4pS, and neither the single-channel conductance nor the current-voltage relationship was significantly changed by insulin. These results indicate that insulin increases Na absorption in the distal nephron by increasing the open probability of the amiloride-blockable Na channel.
Effects of financial management practices on technical performance of building contractors in northeast Nigeria

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of financial management practices of small-scale building contractors on the technical performance of the contractors in the northern part of Nigeria with international best practices. Previous studies argued that the technical performance of small-scale building contractors in developing countries is poor because of insufficient cash to acquire strategic resources at the outset of a project. This continues to pose a challenge to the sustainable development of the construction industry, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria. There is, therefore, a need to identify, assess and compare the effects of financial practices of the contractors with technical performance best practices. Design/methodology/approach The technical performance of each contractor was evaluated using a five-point Likert scale. This is used to obtain the mean technical performance levels of the contractors. A questionnaire survey was administered to the professionals in the industry who were selected by using a proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The contractors’ performance was compared using ANOVA with post hoc, and the effects of contractors’ financial management practices were determined using multiple regression analysis. Findings The results of this study indicated that the contractors in Nigeria were average technical performers and there were large effects of financial management practices on the technical performance of contractors in building projects. Research limitations/implications This study is limited to small-scale building contractors in northeast Nigeria. One of the implications of this study is that it provides the criteria for an evaluation of small-scale building contractors’ technical performance in Nigeria and other developing countries that faced similar problems. Practical implications The practical implications of this study are that it establishes the current level of contractors' technical performance and serves as an awareness of contractors' current financial practices. Social implications This study created bases for self-evaluation of contractors’ technical performance and competition among small-scale contractors in Nigeria for the enhancement of productivity particularly in rural areas for national development. Originality/value This study emanated from the government reports and past studies in the area of performance management based on the persistence of poor technical performance of small-scale contractors in the construction industry.
Identifying Likely PM2.5 Sources on Days of Elevated Concentration: A Simple Statistical Approach

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

A simple statistical method is described for identifying the likely importance of local sources of PM2.5 in a region on days when the National Ambient Air Quality Standard is exceeded. The method requires only PM2.5 mass concentration and wind direction data, and makes use of the EPA database on PM2.5 emissions in the local region of interest. The method has been illustrated using data from the Pittsburgh Air Quality Study, and suggests that local sources can be very important in affecting PM2.5 exceedances. The results have implications for many of the urban areas in the eastern United States downwind of large sources in the Midwest, and shows that simple statistical tests can be of value in identifying regions where further testing with sophisticated air quality dispersion models and source-receptor models is warranted.
Discussing Shiloh: A Conversation Beyond the Book

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

An analysis of what appears initially to be a typical literature circle discussion about the book Shiloh illuminates larger issues of the influence of class and gendered discursive practices. Drawing on critical discourse analysis, the author suggests that the ways these fifth‐grade students enact class and gender roles actually positions them outside of desired literacy behaviors. By understanding how students' language practices are shaped and influenced beyond the text, teachers can help students engage in more productive discussions and can create a more positive classroom environment for learning.
Defining Groups: Identifying Characteristics of the Mars Scientific Community

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Scientific communities are composed of interconnected and disparate groupings of individuals. The connections between those communities and the backgrounds of individuals can influence how those groups approach and solve problems. A question then becomes, what aspects of their connections and backgrounds are important to characterize that community? How do you characterize a community that spans multiple disciples, locations, and research interests? The current research sought to identify defining aspects of the Mars scientific community by looking at connections represented by co-authorship on papers. A subset of the Mars community was studied, specifically, those taking part in two separate panels. These panels consisted of the recent (2009) and previous (2003) Planetary Science Decadal Survey for Mars. The data suggests the community holds a diverse background with a fair amount of crossover in their academic achievements. Results also point to the influence of universities in the composition of these two panels.
Effects of Gaseous Drinks in Wistar Rats Esophagus

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The consumption of beverages and processed foods, mainly soft drinks, has been incorporated into the usual diet of children, adolescents and adults frequently in recent years. The present study aimed to study the effects of carbonated drinks on Wistar rats, based on the macroscopic and histological morphology of the esophagus. Fifteen Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control group; group fed with ration and cola-type refrigerant ad libitum and group fed with ration and gas industrialized water ad libitum, for a trial period of 90 days. For histopathology and morphology, the esophagus was removed, prepared in slides and stained with hematoxylineosin. Images of the sections were captured for analysis and classification of the inflammatory infiltrate. For morphometry, ten grid fields of 100 points were evaluated in the 40x eyepiece, totaling 3000 points per animal. The results demonstrate that the refrigerant treatment induced the following structural changes in the rats: significant reduction of weight in relation to the control group; inflammatory infiltrate predominantly diffuse mild to moderate and tissue edema. The rats treated with carbonated water had similar results to the control, besides signs of healing and tissue repair.
Contract Variation and Changed Expectations

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The much-maligned rule in Stilk v. Myrick , in which fresh consideration is required for a contract variation to be enforceable, is giving way across many common law jurisdictions. The purpose of this article is not to defend the doctrine of consideration from its critics, but rather to suggest that its replacement, the doctrine of economic duress, is a cure that is worse than the disease. The consideration requirement has been displaced without sufficient attention to the complementary role of promissory estoppel. By consequence, the flexibility advantages offered by equity may be circumscribed by an overly permissive view of contract variation. When both contract variations and suspensions are considered, the model of economic duress is found to be morally unpersuasive and economically inefficient. This article proposes that the modernization of the law of contract variation should be based on a model of changed expectations, wherein the parties’ expectation of performance can be varied by gratuitous promises, but these gratuitous promises are revocable with reasonable notice.