jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Application of Generalized Finite Difference Method and Radial Basis Function Neural Networks in Solving Inverse Problems of Surface Anomalous Diffusion

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this study, a new hybrid method based on the generalized finite difference method (GFDM) and radial basis function (RBF) neural network technologies is developed to solve the inverse problems of surface anomalous diffusion. Specifically, the GFDM is utilized to compute the time-fractional derivative model on the surface, whereas RBF neural networks are employed to invert the diffusion coefficient, source term coefficient, and the fractional order within the anomalous diffusion equation governing the surface. The results of four examples show that for the three parameters of diffusion coefficient, source term coefficient, and fractional order, the errors of inversion results are in the order of 10−2 under different conditions. Therefore, this method can obtain the required parameters quickly and accurately under different conditions.
Aerobic Physical Activity and Depression Among Patients With Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Importance Depression is prevalent among patients with cancer, affecting their quality of life and survival. Aerobic physical activity (APA) is an effective strategy for managing depression in the general population, but its effectiveness for reducing depressive symptoms among patients with cancer requires further study. Objective To evaluate whether APA decreases depression severity in patients with cancer by synthesizing data from published randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Data Sources Six databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus) were systematically searched for relevant citations published between January 1, 1980, and July 5, 2023. Study Selection This systematic review and meta-analysis included RCTs comparing APA interventions with usual care, waitlist control, or attention control for managing depression in patients with cancer, irrespective of age and cancer type. Data Extraction and Synthesis Two reviewers independently conducted screening and data extraction. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, version 2. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline was followed. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated using a random-effects model. Data collection and analyses were performed between June 2022 and March 2024. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was severity of self-reported depression reported within 1 month of the end of intervention (short term). Secondary outcomes were severity of self-reported depression between 1 and 6 months post intervention (medium term) and between 6 and 12 months post intervention (long term). Results This meta-analysis included 25 RCTs with a total of 1931 adults with cancer (age range, 18-80 years). Ten RCTs (40%) had low risk of bias. Aerobic physical activity was associated with decreased self-reported depression among adults with cancer across the 25 included trials (n = 1931 participants; SMD, −0.38 [95% CI, −0.59 to −0.18]; P &amp;lt; .001; I 2 = 76%). This decrease in depression scores was also significant for the secondary outcomes of long-term depression across 3 trials (n = 299 participants; SMD, −0.32 [95% CI, −0.60 to −0.04]; P = .03; I 2 = 31%) but not for medium-term depression across 2 trials (n = 143 participants; SMD, −0.27 [95% CI, −0.60 to 0.06]; P = .10; I 2 = 0%). Conclusions and Relevance In this systematic review and meta-analysis, APA was associated with modest short-term and long-term reductions of depression among adults with cancer. Future studies should discern the effectiveness of APA in combination with other strategies for managing depression across various populations of patients with cancer.
Long‐lifespan Polyanionic Organic Cathodes for Highly Efficient Organic Sodium‐ion Batteries

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract An organic Na‐ion battery is reported with a polyanionic 9,10‐anthraquinone‐2,6‐disulfonate (Na 2 AQ26DS, 130 mAh g −1 ) cathode and the Na‐intercalated state (Na 4 TP) of sodium terephthalate (Na 2 TP, 255 mAh g −1 ) as the anode. The resulting full cells deliver the maximum discharge capacity of 131 mAh g −1 cathode in 0.5–3.2 V, simultaneously maintaining the average value of ≈62 mAh g −1 cathode during 1200 cycles (0.5 A g −1 , ≈4 C). These results are among the best performing organic sodium‐ion full cells reported to date.
Antidiabetic activity of a polyherbal formulation (DRF/AY/5001).

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The herbal formulation, DRF/AY/5001, elicits hypoglycemic/antidiabetic effects in both normal and experimentally induced hyperglycemic (epinephrine and alloxan) rats. Further, herbal formulation treatment can significantly alter the pattern of glucose tolerance in normal and diabetic rats. It is possible that the herbal formulation may act through both, pancreatic and extra-pancreatic mechanism(s). The DRF/AY/5001 also elicited a significant antioxidant effect in alloxan diabetic rats as reflected by its ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation and to elevate the enzymatic antioxidants in pancreatic tissue. The histopathological studies during the long-term treatment have shown to ameliorate the alloxan induced histological damage of islets of Langerhans. The inhibitory effects on biochemical and histological parameters induced by herbal formulation at a dose of 600 mg/kg were almost comparable to that of standard drug, glibenclamide (4 mg/kg). The present study demonstrates that herbal formulation exhibits promisisng antidiabetic activity and helps to maintain good glycemic and metabolic control.
High-Efficiency Dual Output Stator-PM Machine for the Two-Mode Operation of Washing Machines

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes the novel topology of a high-efficiency dual output stator-permanent magnet (PM) machine (DOSPMM) for two different washing machine operating speeds. The proposed machine consists of two machines integrated into a single machine: Machine I is an outer rotor type Vernier machine with low speed and high torque for washing mode operations. Machine II is an inner rotor type flux-reversal PM (FRPM) machine with high speed and low torque for dehydrating mode operations. Each machine was designed to be highly efficient for the assigned operating mode. Both machines also possess robust rotors due to stator positioned PMs. To demonstrate the superiority of the proposed machine, performance comparisons with conventional machines for general washing machine applications were performed via finite-element method (FEM) analysis. A prototype of the proposed machine was built and experimental results of the prototype machine were presented for a validation of the work.
Kulikov singularities

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In the study of normal surface singularities the relation between analytical\nand topological properties and invariants of the singularity is a very rich\nproblem. This relation is particularly close for surface singularities\nconstructed from families of curves. We use these Kulikov singularities to\nreexamine results of N\\'emethi-Okuma and Tomaru.\n
Increasing the Quality and Value of Conferences, Seminars, and Workshops

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract The purpose of this best practices article is to provide continuing education administrators with a reliable participant evaluation that measures factors predictive of not only satisfaction, but also perceived value: adequacy of topics, customer service, learning, quality of facilities, image, and quality of presentations, among other variables. The results of the survey are summarized in the article, and it concludes with a discussion of practical ways to increase the quality and value of educational conferences and workshops in continuing education. Keywords: conferencesworkshopsseminarssatisfactionvaluequality Notes *Negatively worded questions were reverse coded. Mean values are the average for the three questions rated on the following scale: 1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = somewhat disagree, 4 = somewhat agree, 5 = agree, 6 = strongly agree.
Evaluation of dual time-point fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography imaging in gastric cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background We aimed to evaluate the efficiency of dual time-point fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/computed tomography (CT) imaging in detecting primary and metastatic lesions in gastric cancer. Methods Between May 2019 and January 2020, 52 patients with gastric carcinoma were prospectively involved in our study. And dual time-point FDG PET/CT imaging performed to the patients. Of detected primary and metastatic lesions, the ones that are better visualized or only appear in delayed imaging were visually identified. Also, maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the primary and metastatic lesions and the intact liver tissue were measured in early and delayed imaging. Acquired SUVmax values and SUVmax ratios were compared statistically. Results In delayed images, lesions were better visualized in 32 patients (61.5%) and extra lesions were detected in 4 patients (7.7%). SUVmax of primary tumor, SUVmax of liver metastases, SUVmax of lymph node metastases, primary tumor SUVmax/liver SUVmax ratio and lymph node metastasis SUVmax/liver SUVmax ratio were significantly higher in delayed images ( P < 0.001, P = 0.022, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). However, SUVmax of liver parenchyma was significantly lower in delayed images ( P < 0.001). Conclusions There is a visually and statistically significant increase in the number and detectability of lesions seen in delayed images and dual time-point FDG PET/CT imaging seems useful in detecting primary and metastatic lesions in gastric cancer.
The Charged Classroom: Predicaments and Possibilities for Democratic Teaching

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

At a time when debate over school reform commands unprecedented attention, Judith L. Pace argues we must grapple with the underlying challenges of classroom teaching and, at the same time, strive to realize the ideals of democratic education. Building on three qualitative studies in grades four through twelve, The Charged Classroom examines the deeply embedded tensions, escalating pressures, and exciting possibilities of the contemporary American public school classroom. Through detailed descriptions and analyses of social studies and English language arts classrooms, Pace disentangles how teachers and students navigate three charged arenas: academic expectations, discussion of provocative topics, and curricular demands. In each domain, democratic learning opportunities, such as promotion of positive student identity, dialogue across differences, and exploration of conflict, are both opened up and closed down. A passionate and persuasive call for education reform, the book offers crucial insights about the realities of teaching and key recommendations for advancing democratic education in a multicultural society.
Methyl-CpG binding domain 2 (Mbd2) deficiency causes cognitive, social and emotional functional deficits

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Methyl-CpG-binding domain 2 (Mbd2) binds methylated DNA and was shown to play an important role in cancer and immunity but its role in brain function is mostly unknown. Here we show that MBD2 deficiency in mice results in deficits in cognitive, social and emotional functions. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP-seq) revealed that Mbd2 binds to regulatory DNA regions of neuronal genes in the hippocampus. Loss of Mbd2 alters the expression of hundreds of genes with a robust down-regulation of neuronal gene pathways. Genes down-regulated by loss of Mbd2 are highly enriched for ortholog ASD risk genes Further, a genome-wide DNA methylation analysis found an altered DNA methylation pattern in regulatory DNA regions of neuronal specific genes in Mbd2 deficient mice. Taken together, our data suggest Mbd2 regulates hippocampal DNA methylation landscape to control neuronal gene expression and behavior.
Fuzzy Monte Carlo Simulation to Optimize Resource Planning and Operations

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Resources planning and operations are essential concerns and specialty areas within industrial engineering and project management. Crew configuration plays a significant role in resource planning and operations. Crew configuration inefficiency is one of the most common reasons for the low productivity of manpower. Resources planning contains some inherent uncertainties and risks because it is an estimate of unknown values. Many factors affect resource planning. Some of these factors are fuzzy variables such as expert’s judgment, and some of them are random variables such as direct cost of equipment. The objective of this chapter is to present a method that combines fuzzy logic and Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) for the selection of the best crew configuration to perform a certain task. The model presented in this chapter is a joint propagation method based on both the probability theory of MCS and the possibility theory of fuzzy arithmetic. The research outcomes indicate that the presented model can reduce the duration and cost of a certain task, which will help reduce the cost and duration of the project.
Anomalous Cyclization in an Attempted Synthesis of the '7-Thiomorphinan', System

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The acid catalyzed cyclization of 8-benzyl-3,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1 H-thiopyrano[3,4-c]pyridine hydrochloride (10) did not furnish the expected the «7-thiomorphinan» (11) but 4-(2-mercaptoethyl)-1,2,3,5,10,10a-hexahydrobenzo[g]quinoline (12) instead. The synthesis of 10 and the mechanism of formation of 12 are described
Between Cut and Consent: Indigenous Women's Experiences of Obstetric Violence in Mexico

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In an effort to improve health outcomes, the proportion of hospital-attended births has been on the rise in Mexico since the 1990s, resulting in an increased medicalization of reproductive health. Ethnographic research in southern Mexico highlights women and Indigenous midwives' ambivalence about “being cut.” While “being cut” can refer to procedures such as episiotomies or cesarean sections, it also stands for Indigenous and poor women's multiple experiences of frustration, mistreatment, and violence during childbirth. I argue that such violence can only be fully understood when examining the conditions shaping women's consent through an intersectional lens, to include a failure to value poor women's desires, whose silenced voices exist at the intersection of multiple oppressions.
Moral challenges and understanding of clinical ethics in Tanzanian hospitals: Perspectives of healthcare professionals

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Healthcare professionals encounter many moral challenges in their daily clinical practice. However, there have been few studies on the subject matter in Tanzania. This study aims to provide an account of moral challenges faced by healthcare professionals in Tanzanian hospitals, their understanding of clinical ethics, and the ethics education they have received. Many participants reported receiving some kind of ethics training through formal education and on‐the‐job training. Some participants understood ethics in healthcare settings as adherence to established laws, regulations, guidelines, procedures, norms, and rules essential in clinical practice. Analysis of the data identified four themes of moral challenges. These challenges are related to 1) decision‐making and communication in clinical practice, 2) scarcity of medical resources and prioritization in clinical practice, 3) withdrawal of curative treatment, and 4) conflicts between professional judgment, religious convictions and adherence to alternative treatments. Based on the findings, we suggest a context‐sensitive form of clinical ethics training to prepare healthcare professionals to recognize and address these moral challenges.
High-Efficiency Power Amplifier Featuring a Csrr-Like Multi-Harmonic Tuning Network

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a high-efficiency power amplifier (PA) designed for sub- 6 GHz 5 G applications, featuring an advanced multi-harmonic tuning network (HTN) inspired by complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) geometries. The proposed PA architecture enables synchronized refinement of second- and third-harmonic impedance conditions, significantly enhancing both efficiency and linearity. By embedding the CSRRbased multi-HTN within the output matching network, precise harmonic termination is achieved, leading to improved waveform shaping. Implemented with a 10 W GaN HEMT transistor, the PA operates over the $3.3-3.7 \text{GHz}$ band, achieving a drain efficiency of $64 \%-75.9 \%$ and a peak output power of $38.2-42.5 \text{dBm}$ at saturation. These results highlight the effectiveness of the proposed design for next-generation wireless communication systems.
Poloidal magnetic fields around a tokamak magnetic surface with nonlinear flows for elliptic plasmas with triangularity

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The present work shows how poloidal magnetic fields can be determined in tokamak plasmas including nonlinear flows in the low-vorticity limit. The treatment presented here considers the actual value of the density around a magnetic surface obtained in a recent work. Our results mainly depend on the safety factor, as well as the plasma shape. Several cases are studied and compared in plasmas with the same separatrix, but with and without hole currents. The topology of the fields depends on triangularity (positive and negative) and ellipticity. Numerical results for different values of these parameters are presented. The dependence of the number of minima on the poloidal magnetic field around a magnetic surface is determined, and its effects on confinement are analyzed.
Studies on Catalase of Green Leaves. II

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

冬期に於る常緑樹葉の中,カタラーゼ作用微少なるものにカタラーゼ阻害物質の存在する事を明らかにした.又蔬菜類も煮沸又は老化によりカタラーゼ阻害物質を生成する.
plastic Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Children presents to the dermatologist as blistering with minimal trauma. Referral to the plastic surgeon may be either in relation to the acquired hand deformities or the presence of skin malignancy. A multi-disciplinary team approach is required that includes dermatologists, plastic and orthopaedic surgeons, paediatricians, geneticists and psychologists. The lesions are commonly isolated and consist of dilated capillaries; studies have indicated a lack of vasoconstrictor innervation. With time the surrounding soft tissue and even bone can hypertrophy causing further deformity and the need referral for plastic surgery. Most patients with cleft palate achieve normally intelligible speech. Up to 25% of patients will require secondary surgery either for complications such as fistula or the development of velopharyngeal incompetence due to poor soft palate lift or length. Unicoronal synostosis causes orbital asymmetry such that squint surgery may be required after corrective craniofacial surgery is undertaken.
Best interests of the future child in ART; not well served by legislation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Probably most personnel working within assisted reproductive technology (ART) have occasionally held concerns about a patient’s capacity to parent. This raises the question of responsibilities under the principle of the “best interests of the child”. This principle has long been enshrined in advisory guidelines as well as legislation, as though the meaning and intent are self-evident. Whilst its intent is laudable, its application is problematic. Clinical practice is patient-centred, and ART personnel are highly responsive to the desire and sense of immediacy of the infertile woman (or couple) for a child. However, over a 39-year period, our clinic has faced a number of challenging patient presentations, causing serious concerns about the potential implications and/or risks to a child conceived by ART and creating the dilemma: do we treat, or not treat? Drawing on these examples, this paper discusses the nature of “the principle”, from a variety of perspectives. It considers that the best interests of the future child are served by addressing the medical and psychosocial concerns of the potential mother, rather than engage with the ill-defined and poorly understood principle of “the best interests of the child” in legislation and deny her the opportunity for motherhood based on a perception of an unfavourable environment for a future child.
Possible influence of B chromosomes on the prevalence and abundance of intestinal nematode parasites of the yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus ﬂavicollis)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Klun I, Djurkovic-Djakovic O, editors. Programme and Abstract Book: 13th European Multicolloquium of Parasitology; 2021 Oct 12-16;Belgrade, Serbia. Belgrade: Serbian Society of Parasitology; 2021. p. 261-2.
Cerebral venous sinus stenting in idiopathic intracranial hypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cerebral venous sinus stenting (CVSS) is a minimally invasive procedure using endovascular stent placement to relieve elevated intracranial pressure secondary to venous sinus stenosis. Increased venous sinus pressure secondary to stenosis is commonly associated with elevated intracranial pressure without intracranial lesions on imaging or idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). While the etiology of IIH remains unknown, stenosis of one or more of the dural sinuses has been implicated as a possible underlying mechanism. The manifestations of IIH include headaches, transient vision loss, pulsatile tinnitus, and neck pain. In this review, we discuss the recent studies that have demonstrated the effectiveness of CVSS for patients with IIH and also the indications, technical challenges, potential complications, and emerging developments in CVSS.
The role of grazing in maintaining high species‐composition in Imperata grassland in Rwenzori National Park, Uganda*

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary lmperata cylindrica (L.) is a weed which establishes and spreads by seed and rhizomes, competitively ousting other species in a stand that it colonizes. In unburnt areas the shoots are brownish‐yellow, unpalatable and not grazed. The canopy becomes underlain by a thick layer of dead undecomposed leaves which significantly reduce the flow of light through the foliage, consequently reducing the numbers and dry matter production of the other species in the grassland community. Burning removes the dead cover and allows I. cylindrica to generate quickly, flower gregariously and the sprouting leaves are readily grazed. Grazing or clipping reduces the performance of the species. Under natural conditions, burning, followed by intensive grazing, can suppress the competitive vigour of the weed and permit co‐existence of a large number of species in the stand. RÉSUMEÉ Imperata cylindrica (L.) est une herbe qui sétablit et se disperse par graines et rhizomes, supplantant les autres espèces des stations quéelle colonise. Dans les régions non‐brulées, les pousses sont brun‐jaune améres et non‐broutées. Les frondaisons deviennent soutenues par une épaisse couche de feuilles mortes non décomposées qui réduisent significativement le flux de lumière à travers le feuillage, réduisant par conséquent le nombre et la production de matière séche des autres espéces herbacées. Le feu supprime la couche morte et les pousses sont facilement broutées. Le broutage ou la tonte réduisent les performances de l'espéce. Dans les conditions naturelles, le feu, suivi déun broutage intensif, peut supprimer la vigueur compétitive de l'herbe et permettre la coexistence, dans la station, d'un grand nombre d'espèces.