jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Lyapunov-based approach to stability of descriptor systems with delay

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The Lyapunov second method is developed for linear coupled systems of delay differential and functional equations. By means of conventional approaches, such equations may be reduced to neutral systems, and the known results for the latter may be exploited. In this paper, we introduce a new approach by constructing a Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional that corresponds directly to the descriptor form of the system. Moreover, by representing a neutral system in the descriptor form, we obtain new stability criteria for neutral systems which lead to results that are less conservative than the existing results. Sufficient conditions for delay-dependent stability are given in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Illustrative examples show the effectiveness of the method.
Design and In-orbit Demonstration of REGULUS, an Iodine electric propulsion system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract REGULUS is an Iodine-based electric propulsion system. It has been designed and manufactured at the Italian company Technology for Propulsion and Innovation SpA (T4i). REGULUS integrates the Magnetically Enhanced Plasma Thruster (MEPT) and its subsystems, namely electronics, fluidic, and thermo-structural in a volume of 1.5 U. The mass envelope is 2.5 kg, including propellant. REGULUS targets CubeSat platforms larger than 6 U and CubeSat carriers. A thrust T = 0.60 mN and a specific impulse I sp = 600 s are achieved with an input power of P = 50 W; the nominal total impulse is I tot = 3000 Ns. REGULUS has been integrated on-board of the UniSat-7 satellite and its In-orbit Demonstration (IoD) is currently ongoing. The principal topics addressed in this work are: (i) design of REGULUS, (ii) comparison of the propulsive performance obtained operating the MEPT with different propellants, namely Xenon and Iodine, (iii) qualification and acceptance tests, (iv) plume analysis, (v) the IoD.
Microstructure modulation of a Bi4Ti3O12 thin film system by combining the effect of a simple processing methodology with a co-doping strategy involving Nd3+ and Nb5+

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A microstructure based on plate-like grains is expected in the obtaining of Bi4Ti3O12 ferroelectric ceramics, promoted by the Aurivillius crystalline structure that this material exhibit. This grain morphology would lead to conductivity making the functional response unpractical. In this frame, we address the control of the crystal growth which leads to this grain morphology by combining the effect of a simple thin film obtaining procedure with doping strategies. On the one hand, an aqueous solution-gel plus spin-coating methodology is performed here for the obtaining of these thin films. On the other hand, a simultaneous incorporation of Nd3+ and Nb5+ in the crystal lattice replacing Bi3+ and Ti4+, respectively, is conducted in this contribution. The results obtained by X-ray diffraction, UV–visible measurements and FESEM confirm that the incorporated dopants are able to block (or at least control) the mentioned crystal growth
A Non-Parametric Approach to Detect Patterns in Binary Sequences

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In many circumstances, given an ordered sequence of one or more types of elements or symbols, the objective is to determine the existence of any randomness in the occurrence of one specific element, say type 1. This method can help detect non-random patterns, such as wins or losses in a series of games. Existing methods of tests based on total number of runs or tests based on length of longest run (Mosteller (1941)) can be used for testing the null hypothesis of randomness in the entire sequence, and not a specific type of element. Moreover, the Runs Test often yields results that contradict the patterns visualized in graphs showing, for instance, win proportions over time. This paper develops a test approach to address this problem by computing the gaps between two consecutive type 1 elements, by identifying patterns in occurrence and directional trends (increasing, decreasing, or constant), applies the exact Binomial test, Kendall's Tau, and the Siegel-Tukey test for scale problems. Further modifications suggested by Jan Vegelius(1982) have been applied in the Siegel Tukey test to adjust for tied ranks and achieve more accurate results. This approach is distribution-free and suitable for small sample sizes. Also comparisons with the conventional runs test demonstrates the superiority of the proposed method under the null hypothesis of randomness in the occurrence of type 1 elements.
Establishment and functional analysis of a cell model expressing the C-type lectin receptor Langerin

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective
To establish a cell model expressing the Langerhans cell-specific C type lectin receptor Langerin in vitro.

Methods
The cDNA of Langerin was obtained by PCR and cloned into a eukaryotic green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression vector pEGFP-C1 with EGFP located in the N terminal region of the Langerin gene. Then, the recombinant plasmid was transfected into a human embryonic kidney carcinoma cell line HEK293T. Subsequently, laser confocal microscopy was performed to observe the expression of EGFP-Langerin fusion protein, and flow cytometry to measure the expression of Langerin. Laser confocal microscopy was also conducted to visualize the recognition and endocytosis of dust mite antigen (nDer p 2) by Langerin.

Results
PCR and Western blot confirmed the successful transfection of HEK293T cells with the recombinant plasmid as well as the expression of Langerin in the transfected cells. As flow cytometry revealed, the expression level of Langerin in transfected HEK293T cells was increased by 43% compared with untransfected cells. Laser confocal microscopy showed that green fluorescein-labeled Langerin was successfully expressed, and could bind to and endocytose the red fluorescein-labeled antigen nDer p 2.

Conclusions
The fusion protein EGFP-Langerin expressed in HEK293T cells showed the distribution characteristic of cell surface receptors, and could bind to and endocytose allergens.

Key words:
Dendritic cells; Receptors, mitogen; Recombinant fusion proteins; Pyroglyphidae; HEK293 cells; Receptors, pattern recognition; Langerin
Are we what we eat? Food preparation, food consumption, and the process of identity formation in contemporary ethnic American literatures

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Observing social/physical distancing norms between humans has become an indispensable precaution to slow down the transmission of COVID-19. We present a novel method to automatically detect pairs of humans in a crowded scenario who are not maintaining social distancing, i.e. about 2 meters of space between them using an autonomous mobile robot and existing CCTV (Closed-Circuit TeleVision) cameras. The robot is equipped with commodity sensors, namely an RGB-D (Red Green Blue-Depth) camera and a 2-D lidar to detect social distancing breaches within their sensing range and navigate towards the location of the breach. Moreover, it discreetly alerts the relevant people to move apart by using a mounted display. In addition, we also equip the robot with a thermal camera that transmits thermal images to security/healthcare personnel who monitors COVID symptoms such as a fever. In indoor scenarios, we integrate the mobile robot setup with a static wall-mounted CCTV camera to further improve the number of social distancing breaches detected, accurately pursuing walking groups of people etc. We highlight the performance benefits of our robot + CCTV approach in different static and dynamic indoor scenarios.
Review of what benefits have accrued to Aboriginal people through land rights. reporters Kerry O'Brien and Prue Lewarne

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

tag=1 data=Review of what benefits have accrued to Aboriginal people through land rights. reporters Kerry O'Brien and Prue Lewarne

tag=2 data=O'Brien, Kerry%Lewarne, Prue

tag=3 data=on Lateline,

tag=6 data=13 July 1992

tag=7 data=9p.

tag=8 data=ABORIGINAL LAND RIGHTS

tag=10 data=Transcript: It's 16 years since a white Australian Parliament first passed limited land rights laws to give some of this continent back to its original owners. What has land rights achieved so far? Provided by MICAH, Canberra.

tag=11 data=1992/4/13

tag=12 data=92/0871

tag=13 data=CAB

tag=32 data=JULL, PETER%JAPPANAGKA, MURPHY%DODSON, MICK%TURNER, SILAS%JAMAWA, TONY%ANDERSON, ALISON%TICKNER, ROBERT
Cued Speech and the Reception of Spoken Language

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study was designed to investigate the effect of Cued Speech on the speech reception abilities of profoundly hearing-impaired children under seven conditions of presentation: audition; lipreading: audition and lipreading; cues; audition and cues; lipreading and cues; and audition, lipreading, and cues. The 18 subjects had been taught through the use of Cued Speech for at least 4 years. The subjects were presented with specially designed speech tests (syllables and key words in sentences) which had been recorded on color videotape, and they responded in writing. Speech reception scores of over 95% with the key word in sentence materials and over 80% with the syllables were obtained with lipreading plus cues, and with audition, lipreading plus cues. Equally high levels of accuracy in speech reception by such children have not previously been reported. The subjects also demonstrated the ability: to use audition with the sentence materials, both in combination with lipreading and with cues, though there were large individual differences under these conditions. Speech reception abilities in the lipreading-plus-audition condition were highly correlated with scores for speech production, whereas language attainments were correlated with reception through Cued Speech. The implications of these findings to the field of aural rehabilitation are discussed.
Right coronary artery dissection during intraoperative ostium cannulation. Presentation of successful treatment.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Right coronary artery dissection related to medical procedures is a very rare life-threatening complication caused by a combination of vessel occlusion and myocardial ischaemia. This paper presents a case of dissection which occurred during a Ross cardiac surgery procedure. The complication was observed after proximal right coronary constriction on the cannula used to administer cardioplegia. The damaged part of the internal membrane was resected during the operation. We present a five-year follow-up of this patient.
Exploring Structural Uncertainty and Impact of Health State Utility Values on Lifetime Outcomes in Diabetes Economic Simulation Models: Findings from the Ninth Mount Hood Diabetes Quality-of-Life Challenge

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BackgroundStructural uncertainty can affect model-based economic simulation estimates and study conclusions. Unfortunately, unlike parameter uncertainty, relatively little is known about its magnitude of impact on life-years (LYs) and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) in modeling of diabetes. We leveraged the Mount Hood Diabetes Challenge Network, a biennial conference attended by international diabetes modeling groups, to assess structural uncertainty in simulating QALYs in type 2 diabetes simulation models.MethodsEleven type 2 diabetes simulation modeling groups participated in the 9th Mount Hood Diabetes Challenge. Modeling groups simulated 5 diabetes-related intervention profiles using predefined baseline characteristics and a standard utility value set for diabetes-related complications. LYs and QALYs were reported. Simulations were repeated using lower and upper limits of the 95% confidence intervals of utility inputs. Changes in LYs and QALYs from tested interventions were compared across models. Additional analyses were conducted postchallenge to investigate drivers of cross-model differences.ResultsSubstantial cross-model variability in incremental LYs and QALYs was observed, particularly for HbA1c and body mass index (BMI) intervention profiles. For a 0.5%-point permanent HbA1c reduction, LY gains ranged from 0.050 to 0.750. For a 1-unit permanent BMI reduction, incremental QALYs varied from a small decrease in QALYs (−0.024) to an increase of 0.203. Changes in utility values of health states had a much smaller impact (to the hundredth of a decimal place) on incremental QALYs. Microsimulation models were found to generate a mean of 3.41 more LYs than cohort simulation models (P = 0.049).ConclusionsVariations in utility values contribute to a lesser extent than uncertainty captured as structural uncertainty. These findings reinforce the importance of assessing structural uncertainty thoroughly because the choice of model (or models) can influence study results, which can serve as evidence for resource allocation decisions.HighlightsThe findings indicate substantial cross-model variability in QALY predictions for a standardized set of simulation scenarios and is considerably larger than within model variability to alternative health state utility values (e.g., lower and upper limits of the 95% confidence intervals of utility inputs).There is a need to understand and assess structural uncertainty, as the choice of model to inform resource allocation decisions can matter more than the choice of health state utility values.
[Bacterial lipopolsaccharides in pathogenesis of gynecological diseases and obstetric complications].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Analysis of literature data and author studies on the role of lipopolysaccharides (endotoxin) of Gram negative bacteria in women genital tract pathology and obstetric complications is presented. The role of endogenous infection associated with altered microecology of intestinal tract and vaginal biotopes of women in the development of endotoxinemia is discussed. The participation of endotoxin in embryo resorption, delay of intrauterine development and antenatal death of fetus, premature birth, pre-eclampsia, placental dysfunction is examined. The level of endotoxinema and pro-inflammatory cytokines is a marker of chronic endogenous infectious-inflammatory disease of various parts of genital tract with damage of a network of female reproduction system organs.
RECOGNITION OF UZBEK HANDWRITTEN TEXTS BY SELECTION OF ACTIVATION FUNCTIONS FOR CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Activation functions are important in each neural network. This article highlights the advantages and disadvantages of activation functions in convolutional neural network recognition of handwritten text images. A comparative analysis is presented based on the remaining neural network models through selected activation functions. 95 percent recognition efficiency was achieved through the organized convolutional neural network.
Balancing of Flexible Rotors by the Complex Modal Method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A new calculation method of the modal unbalance response for general flexible rotors in fluid film bearings has been developed by introducing the concept of modal exciting force vector into the usual complex modal method, and the physical meaning of the damping ratio at a critical speed is discussed. Next, application of this method, that correction weights can be determined in only one trial operation, is reported, and positions to measure vibration and to correct unbalance weight are discussed on the basis of the right eigenvector and the exciting factor mode, respectively. Lastly, it is shown by experiments that the proposed balancing method is of use for actual rotors.
Marxism and the National Question: Domenico Losurdo’s Contribution to the Dialectics of the National and International

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the works of Marx and Engels, the national question does not assume a central role, although their reflections on the independence of Ireland and Poland are very important. From the Second International onwards the debate increased its relevance, particularly through Rosa Luxembourg's remarks and Lenin's formulations of imperialism, self-determination, and national liberation struggles. However, it was during the challenges of national independence and construction in the socialist experiences that the national question became central. Domenico Losurdo, addressing the national-international dialectic, contributed to the theoretical maturation of the national question within Marxism, since his views enable a multiscale approach to class struggle in the context of transformations of capitalism and the international system. This article aims to analyze the controversial debate on the national question from the perspective of the formulations of Domenico Losurdo.
On the Orthogonality of Generalized Pattern Sequences

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The partial sums of integer sequences that count the occurrences of a\nspecific pattern in the binary expansion of positive integers have been\ninvestigated by different authors since the 1950s. In this note, we introduce\ngeneralized pattern sequences, which count the occurrences of a finite number\nof different patterns in the expansion of positive integers in any integer\nbase, and analyze their partial sums.\n
Natural scene perception: Inferior temporal cortex neurons encode the positions of different objects in the scene

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Inferior temporal cortex (IT) neurons have reduced receptive field sizes in complex natural scenes. This facilitates the read-out of information about individual objects from IT, but raises the question of whether more than the single object present at the fovea is represented by the firing of IT neurons, as would be important for whole scene perception in which several objects may be located without eye movements. Recordings from IT neurons with five simultaneously presented objects, each subtending 7°, with one object at the fovea and the other four centred 10 ° eccentrically in the parafovea, showed that although 38 IT neurons had their best response to an effective stimulus at the fovea, eight IT neurons had their best response to an object when it was located in one or more of the parafoveal positions. Moreover, of 54 neurons tested for asymmetric parafoveal receptive fields, 35 (65%) had significantly different responses for different parafoveal positions. The asymmetry was partly related to competition within the receptive fields, as only 21 % of the neurons had significant asymmetries when tested with just one object present located at the same parafoveal positions. The findings thus show that some evidence is conveyed by a population of IT neurons about the relative positions of several simultaneously presented objects in a scene extending well into the parafovea during a single fixation, and this is likely to be important in whole scene perception with multiple objects, including specifying the relative positions of different objects in a scene.
In Vitro Protein Stability of Two Naturally Occurring ThiopurineS-Methyltransferase Variants: Biophysical Characterization of TPMT*6 and TPMT*8

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) is a polymorphic enzyme involved in the metabolism and inactivation of thiopurine substances administered as immunosuppressants in the treatment of malignancies and autoimmune diseases. In this study, the naturally occurring variants, TPMT*6 (Y180F) and TPMT*8 (R215H), have been biophysically characterized. Despite being classified as low and intermediate in vivo enzyme activity variants, respectively, our results demonstrate a discrepancy because both TPMT*6 and TPMT*8 were found to exhibit normal functionality in vitro. While TPMT*8 exhibited biophysical properties almost indistinguishable from those of TPMTwt, the TPMT*6 variant was found to be destabilized. Furthermore, the contributions of the cofactor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the thermodynamic stability of TPMT were investigated, but only a modest stabilizing effect was observed. Also presented herein is a new method for studies of the biophysical characteristics of TPMT and its variants using the extrinsic fluorescent probe 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (ANS). ANS was found to bind strongly to all investigated TPMT variants with a Kd of approximately 0.2 μM and a 1:1 binding ratio as determined by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Circular dichroism and fluorescence measurements showed that ANS binds exclusively to the native state of TPMT, and binding to the active site was confirmed by molecular modeling and simulated docking as well as ITC measurements. The strong binding of the probe to native TPMT and the conformity of the obtained results demonstrate the advantages of using ANS binding characteristics in studies of this protein and its variants.
IDDF2023-ABS-0222 Endoscopic ultrasound eus-s guided splenic lesion biopsy; noninvasive modality as an alternative to splenectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

The spleen can be the site of infectious as well as malignant lesions. With Cross-Sectional imaging these lesions can be localized but histology is essential for definitive diagnosis. Strategies to obtain splenic mass tissue include surgical, and percutaneous image-guided approaches. Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS)-guided biopsy is a safe and effective method for obtaining samples from the spleen as an alternative to splenectomy.

Methods

We present two cases of splenic lesions that underwent EUS-guided biopsy. The procedure was done after informed consent with standard coagulation profile/platelet counts and performed under conscious sedation. No immediate or late complications or adverse events were noted.

Results

72 years old male known case of vasculitis on multiple immunosuppressant medications came with complaints of abdominal pain and weight loss. CT scan abdomen revealed a splenic mass and a EUS-guided splenic mass biopsy was performed which revealed B cell related lymphoproliferative disorder. Case 2: A 62-year-old female presented with weight loss and decreased appetite, CT scan showed a large splenic mass with another peripancreatic nodal mass. EUS-guided biopsy performed revealed diffuse large B cell Lymphoma.

Conclusions

EUS-S in patients with splenic masses is a safe and effective diagnostic modality as an alternative to splenectomy.
An Iodine-Free and Directed-Disulfide-Bond-Forming Route to Insulin Analogues

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An iodine-free synthetic route to insulin analogues has been established via a directed disulfide bond formation strategy. This method is completely compatible with oxidation-sensitive residues. The key step is constructing the third disulfide bond via a novel procedure involving phenylacetylaminomethyl group (Phacm), immobilized Penicillin G Acylase, and Ellman's reagent. We expect that this method could be broadly utilized for synthesizing insulin-like and other cysteine-rich peptides, in particular, where oxidation-sensitive residues are present in the sequence.