jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SPRUCE Anaerobic oxidation of methane mitigates net methane production and responds to long-term experimental warming in a northern bog: Supporting data

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This data set contains measurements of anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM), net methane (CH4) production, carbon dioxide (CO2) production, and gross CH4 production measurements from the SPRUCE experiment (Hanson et al. 2017). CH4 is greenhouse gas with 45 times the sustained global warming potential of CO2 over 100 years, which may have significant implications on global climate change. The process of AOM plays a large role in the extent of CH4 emissions from wetland environments like those at the SPRUCE experiment site. This study conducted two on different dates. In experiment 1, net CH4 and CO2 production were measured with a gas chromatograph through the peat profile at in situ temperatures of the SPRUCE plots four times from May to October, 2016 (2016-05 to 2016-10). Two treatments were examined, a Porewater Treatment that was a 1:1 volumetric peat:porewater slurry and a No Porewater Treatment that was field-moist peat with no porewater added. Additionally, net CH4 production were measured at frequent intervals (from 4 hr to 9 d) in peat from selected SPRUCE plots from soil collected on October 16, 2016 (2016-10-16). Samples were collected from the SPRUCE plots, immediately made anaerobic, and transported to the University of Oregon for rate measurements within several days of collection. In experiment 2, AOM, net CH4 production, CO2 production, and gross CH4 production were measured through the peat profile at in situ field temperatures once from samples collected in July, 2021 (2021-07). The same two porewater treatments were examined. AOM was measured with a 13CH4 tracer method using a Picarro G2201-i analyzer for isotopic CO2/CH4 quantification with a small stable isotope module attached. This data set contains three data files in comma separate (*.csv) format. This data set is associated with the following publication: Barney, M, AM Hopple, LL Gregory, JK Keller, and SD Bridgham. 2024. Anaerobic oxidation of methane mitigates net methane production and responds to long-term experimental warming in a northern bog. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 190, 109316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109316.
Application of Competence Models in Performance Measurement Systems

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The article addresses the topic of organizational effectiveness and deals with the use of competence models in performance measurement systems. Performance measurement is a multi-faceted and multipartite phenomenon. It should reflect organizational and individual performance level, different perspectives, reflecting the past, the present and the future. All these aspects and perspectives are in cause-effect relationship and measured in different dimensions. The learning and growth perspective is very unique as it presents the future and using competence models to reflect it can bridge the individual performance level with organizational as well as performance future aspect with present and past.
An Examination of Six “Nutting Stones” from East Texas for Plant Phytoliths

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this article we report on an examination of six nutting stones from East Texas sites as well as an exploratory examination of their possible functions. “Nutting stones” have long been presumed to have been used prehistorically for crushing nuts such as hickory, etc. as foodstuffs. In fact Davis described them as being: A small flat stone, usually made of limestone, sandstone or other sedimentary types of rock which could be carried by hand. The flat surface may have one or more ground or pecked cups of various sizes, shapes and depth. It is postulated that they were used for various purposes such as cracking nuts, mixing pigments, milling herbs and seeds, or as an anvil for flint knapping. While Davis is an avocationalist and numerous professional archaeologists have dealt with nutting stones, we know of neither a more complete definition nor any other effort to empirically test for their function.
<title>Inverse crossover resonance in the Doppler-free <formula><sup><roman>87</roman></sup></formula>Rb spectrum</title>

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report about an experimental observation of alignment induced resonance in Doppler free spectrum of D2 absorption line of 87Rb ((lambda) equals 780 nm). The resonance appeared as a peak of absorption instead of transmission at the position of crossover resonance between the 5S1/2(F equals 1) yields 5P3/2(F' equals 0) and the 5S1/2(F equals 1) yields 5P3/2(F' equals 1) transitions.
THE EFFECT OF ADRENAL CORTEX EXTRACT UPON URINARY NON-PROTEIN NITROGEN AND CHANGES IN WEIGHT IN YOUNG ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The adrenalectomized rat is unable to grow at a normal rate (Hartman and Thorn, 1930). In the present study we have tested the suggestion (Ingle, 1944) that the slowing of growth in the adrenally insufficient animal is due entirely to secondary changes, principally the reduction in intake of food. Adrenalectomized rats were given a constant caloric intake by stomach tube and received saline to drink. The administration of adrenal cortex extract was followed by a decrease in urinary non-protein nitrogen and an increase in rate of gain in weight as compared to adrenalectomized rats which did not receive the hormone. methods Male rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain were maintained on Archer Dog Pellets until they reached a weight of approximately 300 grams. At this time they were placed in metabolism cages and adapted to the force-feeding of a medium carbohydrate diet by stomach tube each morning (8:30 to 9:15 a.m.) and afternoon (4:15 to 5:00 p.m.).
Variation of the Vaginal Lactobacillus Microbiome in Cytolytic Vaginosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective This pilot study aimed to evaluate whether different microbial compositions cause symptoms in patients with Lactobacillus overgrowth and to investigate the variation in Lactobacillus microbiome in cytolytic vaginosis (CV). Materials and Methods Lactobacillus species were identified from the vaginal fluid of 70 healthy women and 79 patients with CV using molecular analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. χ 2 and Fisher exact tests were used to compare the isolated rates of Lactobacillus species between the 2 groups. The capabilities of dominant Lactobacillus strain to produce acid in the 2 groups were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance. Results The isolation of 2 or more Lactobacillus species per vaginal sampling was significantly less common in the CV group (1.3%) compared with the healthy control (HC) group 12.2% ( p = .013). Significant differences in Lactobacillus species were observed between the 2 groups ( p < .001). Lactobacillus crispatus was more often found in the CV group (88.7%) than in the HC group (56.4%, p < .001). Compared with that in the HC group, the dominant L. crispatus strain in the CV group tended to produce more acid. Conclusions The CV group carried a less diverse Lactobacillus species, vaginally. Lactobacillus crispatus was common to both CV and HC groups but demonstrated enhanced acid-producing capability in the CV group. The pathogenesis of CV may be based, in part, on an overgrowth of L. crispatus with enhanced acid-producing capability.
Winner of the 1988 NAASO Young Investigator Award. Regulation of fat cell adenylate cyclase in young Zucker (fa/fa) rats: alterations in GTP sensitivity of adenosine A1 mediated inhibition.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Lipolysis in rat adipocytes is controlled by the hormonally mediated stimulation and inhibition of adenylate cyclase. This dual regulation involves stimulatory (Gs) and inhibitory (Gi) GTP-binding proteins which control cAMP production in a GTP dependent manner. Adenosine, acting via the A1 receptor-Gi complex provides tonic regulation of adenylate cyclase and lipolysis in rat adipocytes. Adipocytes prepared from young obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats exhibit less stimulation (or greater inhibition) in response to adenosine deaminase, alone or in combination with lipolytic hormones, as compared with their lean littermates. Adenylate cyclase, measured in membranes prepared from obese adipocytes, showed decreased sensitivity to activation by low concentrations of GTP and was not inhibited by higher concentrations of the guanine nucleotide which, in lean control rats results in a biphasic activity curve. Adenosine A1 receptor binding, measured in these same membranes, demonstrated an increased sensitivity to activation by the GTP analogue, guanylyl imidodiphosphate. The presence of the analogue results in the dissociation of the receptor-Gi complex and conversion to the low affinity form in a greater proportion of receptors in the obese membranes. These results are consistent with an increased sensitivity to adenosine mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase and lipolysis in the fat cells of the young obese (fa/fa) Zucker rat.
1 Spectrum Sensing Algorithms for Cognitive Radio Based on Statistical

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Spectrum sensing, i.e., detecting the presence of primary users in a licensed spectrum, is a fundamental problem in cognitive radio. Since the statistical covariances of received signal and noise are usually different, they can be used to differentiate the case where the primary user’s signal is present from the case where there is only noise. In this paper, spectrum sensing algorithms are proposed based on the sample covariance matrix calculated from a limited number of received signal samples. Two test statistics are then extracted from the sample covariance matrix. A decision on the signal presence is made by comparing the two test statistics. Theoretical analysis for the proposed algorithms is given. Detection probability and associated threshold are found based on statistical theory. The methods do not need any information of the signal, the channel and noise power a priori. Also, no synchronization is needed. Simulations based on narrowband signals, captured digital television (DTV) signals and multiple antenna signals are presented to verify the methods. 1
An Epidemiologic Study of Genetic Variation in Hormonal Pathways in Relation to the Effect of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Breast Cancer Risk

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract : CHT use has been demonstrated to confer an increased risk of breast cancer. Genetic variation in hormonal pathways may modify the effect of CHT on breast cancer risk. Using 1237 cases and 1015 controls from two population-based case-control studies of breast cancer, we investigated the effect of genetic variation in 7 genes within the progesterone pathway using a tagSNP and functional SNP approach and 5 genes within the catechol estrogen pathway. Within single gene analyses we observed breast cancer risk to be modestly associated with one SNPs in each GSTP1 (rs1695: OR = 1.4 [95% CI: 1.02-1.9] for carriers of A allele); CYP1B1 (rs1056827: OR = 1.7 ]95% CI:1.2-2.5] for T homozygotes); SRD5A1 (rs248793: OR=1.2 [95% CI: 1.02-1.5] for G homozygotes) and PGR (rs492457: OR=1.5 [95% CI: 1.01-2.1] for carriers of the A allele). We found that the breast cancer risk associated with SNPs was particularly strong in long-term CHT users. In a multi-gene model including two genes with single gene effects within the estrogen pathway (CYP1B1*2 and GSTP1), breast cancer risk was 1.6 (95% CI: 1.03-2.4) times higher for carriers of 1 high risk genotype and 2.8 (95% CI: 1.5-5.3) times higher for women with 2 high risk genotypes compared to women with 0 high risk genotypes. The impact of high risk genotypes was stronger in long-term CHT users, particularly in long-term, current CHT users (OR=5.6 [95% CI: 1-5-20.6]). These results suggest that breast cancer risk among CHT users is modified by variation in genes within hormonal pathways.
On stable exponential cosmological solutions with two factor spaces in $(1+ m + 2)$-dimensional EGB model with $Λ$-term

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A $(m+ 3)$-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravitational model including the Gauss-Bonnet term and the cosmological term $Λ$ is considered. Exact solutions with exponential time dependence of two scale factors, governed by two Hubble-like parameters $H >0$ and $h \neq H$, corresponding to factor spaces of dimensions $m >2$ and $l = 2$, respectively, are found. Under certain restrictions on $x = h/H $, the stability of the solutions in a class of cosmological solutions with diagonal metrics is proved. A subclass of solutions with small enough variation of the effective gravitational constant $G$ is considered and the stability of all solutions from this subclass is shown.
Research: Motivation to drink alcohol in first year university students: Having a good time or simply coping?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Research suggests that excessive alcohol consumption is a major health concern in undergraduates with typical drinking patterns established in the first year (Berwick et al., 2008). While the stereotype is that students drink to have fun, some American research has suggested that excessive alcohol use is associated with stress in students (DeHart et al., 2009). The self-medication hypothesis (Khantzian, 2003) suggests that individuals with high levels of stress and anxiety will drink alcohol more frequently as a coping mechanism and this was examined here. The motivation to drink alcohol was assessed in British first-year undergraduates (N=137) along with levels of stress, state and trait anxiety, and frequency of alcohol use. The self-medication theory was supported for women but not for men. Women also had higher perceived stress scores than men. The more students were motivated to drink to have a good time, the more frequently they drank.
Action Governor for Discrete-Time Linear Systems With Non-Convex Constraints

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This letter introduces an add-on, supervisory scheme, referred to as Action Governor (AG), for discrete-time linear systems to enforce exclusion-zone avoidance requirements. It does so by monitoring, and minimally modifying when necessary, the nominal control signal to a constraint-admissible one. The AG operates based on set-theoretic techniques and online optimization. This letter establishes its theoretical foundation, discusses its computational realization, and uses two simulation examples to illustrate its effectiveness.
Study of Toxicity of Lycopene

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To study the toxicity of lycopene.Methods Acute toxicity test of mice, Ames test, mieronueleus lest of bone marrow PCE cell in mice, sperm shape abnormality test of mice thirty days feeding study.Resulis Lycopene was a substance with no toxicity aeeording to the acutc toxicity (LD 50 20.0g/kg). The resulis of genetic toxichy test were all negative, including, Ames test, micronucleus test and sperm shape abnormality test. Teh results of thirty days feeding study was also negative. Conclusion Lycopene was a substanee with no toxicity and had no genetie toxicity and subacute toxicity in this test.
The “Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology” Journal Club Series: Highlights on Recent Papers in Motor Control and Learning

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We are glad to introduce the sixth Journal Club. This edition is focused on several relevant studies published in recent years in the field of Motor Control and Learning, chosen by our Editorial Board members and their colleagues. We hope to stimulate your curiosity in this field and to share with you the passion for sport seen also from the scientific point of view. The Editorial Board members wish you an inspiring lecture.
Kinetochore localisation and phosphorylation of the mitotic checkpoint components Bub1 and BubR1 are differentially regulated by spindle events in human cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

BUB1 is a budding yeast gene required to ensure that progression through mitosis is coupled to correct spindle assembly. Two related human protein kinases, Bub1 and BubR1, both localise to kinetochores during mitosis, suggesting that they play a role in delaying anaphase until all chromosomes achieve correct, bipolar attachment to the spindle. However, how the activities of Bub1 and BubR1 are regulated by spindle events and how their activities regulate downstream cell cycle events is not known. To investigate how spindle events regulate Bub1 and BubR1, we characterised their relative localisations during mitosis in the presence and absence of microtubule toxins. In prometaphase cells, both kinases colocalise to the same domain of the kinetochore. However, whereas the localisation of BubR1 at sister kinetochores is symmetrical, localisation of Bub1 is often asymmetrical. This asymmetry is dependent on microtubule attachment, and the kinetochore exhibiting weaker Bub1 staining is typically closer to the nearest spindle pole. In addition, a 30 minute nocodazole treatment dramatically increases the amount of Bub1 localising to kinetochores but has little effect on BubR1. Furthermore, Bub1 levels increase at metaphase kinetochores following loss of tension caused by taxol treatment. Thus, these observations suggest that Bub1 localisation is sensitive to changes in both tension and microtubule attachment. Consistent with this, we also show that Bub1 is rapidly phosphorylated following brief treatments with nocodazole or taxol. In contrast, BubR1 is phosphorylated in the absence of microtubule toxins, and spindle damage has little additional effect. Although these observations indicate that Bub1 and BubR1 respond differently to spindle dynamics, they are part of a common complex during mitosis. We suggest therefore that Bub1 and BubR1 may integrate different ‘spindle assembly signals’ into a single signal which can then be interpreted by downstream cell cycle regulators.
Enteroviruses infect human enteroids and induce antiviral signaling in a cell lineage-specific manner

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Significance Enteroviruses are a leading source of human infections worldwide and are primarily transmitted by the fecal–oral route. However, very little is known regarding the events associated with enterovirus infection of the human gastrointestinal tract. Here, we used a primary stem cell-derived enteroid model to interrogate the susceptibility of human enteroids to a panel of enteroviruses and to determine the antiviral signaling pathways induced in response to infection. Our study provides important insights into the mechanisms associated with enteroviral infections of the human gastrointestinal tract.
Steering control of payoff-maximizing players in adaptive learning dynamics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Evolutionary game theory provides a mathematical foundation for cross-disciplinary fertilization, especially for integrating ideas from artificial intelligence and game theory. Such integration offers a transparent and rigorous approach to complex decision-making problems in a variety of important contexts, ranging from evolutionary computation to machine behavior. Despite the astronomically huge individual behavioral strategy space for interactions in the iterated Prisoner's Dilemma (IPD) games, the so-called Zero-Determinant (ZD) strategies is a set of rather simple memory-one strategies yet can unilaterally set a linear payoff relationship between themselves and their opponent. Although the witting of ZD strategies gives players an upper hand in the IPD games, we find and characterize unbending strategies that can force ZD players to be fair in their own interest. Moreover, our analysis reveals the ubiquity of unbending properties in common IPD strategies which are previously overlooked. In this work, we demonstrate the important steering role of unbending strategies in fostering fairness and cooperation in pairwise interactions. Our results will help bring a new perspective by means of combining game theory and multi-agent learning systems for optimizing winning strategies that are robust to noises, errors, and deceptions in non-zero-sum games.
Outcomes of Patients with Stage I Germ Cell Tumour; Adjuvant Chemotherapy vs Surveillance; A Single Institutional Experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To determine five-year survival and stratify risk factors for disease relapse in the clinical stage I germ cell tumour post orchiectomy. Study Design: Retrospective longitudinal study. Place and Duration of Study: Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre Lahore Pakistan, from 2008 to 2013. Methodology: We analyzed overall survival and disease-free survival in patients with stage 1 Germ cell tumours who either received chemotherapy or were kept on active surveillance after higher orchiectomy. In addition, risk factor stratification for recurrence was determined using the clinical, radiological and histopathological parameters. Results: Of 88 patients, 51 (58%) received chemotherapy, while 37 (42%) patients were kept on surveillance post orchiectomy for stage I germ cell tumours, including seminoma and non-seminoma histologies. Five-year overall survival and disease-free survivals were 99% and 92%, respectively, for all patients with stage 1 Germ cell tumours. Subgroup analysis showed that DFS was better in the adjuvant chemotherapy arm than the surveillance arm in both subtype histologies; however, five-year overall survival was comparable. Lymph vascular invasion and tumour size (T) was identified as risk factor for disease relapse. Conclusion: This institutional report suggests that while identifying risk factors, active surveillance post orchiectomy can be an effective treatment option for clinical stage I germ cell tumours and is comparable with adjuvant chemotherapy. Two important factors determining survival in our study were Lymph vascular invasion and T staging.
Possibilities of predicting repeated spousal assault risk assessment using B-SAFER

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Straipsnyje yra analizuojamos smurto pries sutuoktinį/partnerį rizikos įvertinimo galimybės naudojant B-SAFER (Kropp, Hart, Belfrage, 2005) metodiką. Tiriamųjų imtį sudarė 146 sutuoktinio/partnerio smurtą patyrusios moterys. Struktūruoto interviu būdu buvo įvertinta 10 smurto pries sutuoktinį veiksnių (20 teiginių) bei įvertinta pakartotinio ilgalaikio bei gyvybei pavojingo smurto rizika. Po dviejų mėnesių buvo susiekta su 113 tiriamųjų ir Konflikto taktikos skale (Conflict tactic scale; Straus, Gelles, 1990) buvo įvertintas is sutuoktinio patirtas smurtas. Rezultatų analizė atskleidė, kad smurto riziką geriausia prognozuoja praeityje buves smurtinis elgesys bei dabartinį smurtinį elgesį palaikancios nuostatos. Nustatyta, kad praeityje naudota prievarta, smurtiniai grasinimai ar ketinimai bei praeityje sustiprėjes smurtinis elgesys gali paaiskinti 50 proc. per du mėnesius patirto smurtinio elgesio dispersijos. Nustatyta, kad didesnės rizikos grupei priskirtų vyrų smurtavimo lygis dviejų mėnesių laikotarpiu, įvertintas CTS suminiu balu, buvo statistiskai reiksmingai aukstesnis. Gauti rezultatai rodo, kad B-SAFER yra tinkamas smurto pries sutuoktine/ partnere rizikos įvertinimui ir gerai diferencijuoja asmenis pagal smurto pries sutuoktine/partnere pasireiskimą ateityje.