jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The superposition principle for homojunction solar cells

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The superposition principle for solar cells states that the current flowing in an illuminated cell subject to a forward bias V is given by the algebraic sum of the short-circuit photocurrent and the current which would flow at bias V in the dark. Several authors have published arguments establishing the validity of this principle for homojunction cells operated so that the minority-carrier concentrations in the quasi-neutral regions do not exceed low injection levels. All these arguments depend on the assumption that the quasi-Fermi levels are constant across the depletion region of a forward-biased, illuminated cell. The accuracy of this assumption is examined in detail in the present paper. It is found that the quasi-Fermi levels do, in fact, vary significantly across the depletion region of an illuminated cell operated at short-circuit or low forward bias. However, it is shown that if the carrier mobilities are reasonably high and the carrier lifetimes reasonably long, the superposition principle still provides an excellent description of the cell characteristics at all bias levels. The superposition principle may seriously overestimate the efficiency of cells fabricated on poor-quality substrates with very short lifetimes and low mobilities.
Composite-pulse magnetometry with a solid-state quantum sensor

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The sensitivity of quantum magnetometer is challenged by control errors and, especially in the solid state, by their short coherence times. Refocusing techniques can overcome these limitations and improve the sensitivity to periodic fields, but they come at the cost of reduced bandwidth and cannot be applied to sense static or aperiodic fields. Here we experimentally demonstrate that continuous driving of the sensor spin by a composite pulse known as rotary-echo yields a flexible magnetometry scheme, mitigating both driving power imperfections and decoherence. A suitable choice of rotary-echo parameters compensates for different scenarios of noise strength and origin. The method can be applied to nanoscale sensing in variable environments or to realize noise spectroscopy. In a room-temperature implementation, based on a single electronic spin in diamond, composite-pulse magnetometry provides a tunable trade-off between sensitivities in the μTHz[superscript −1/2] range, comparable with those obtained with Ramsey spectroscopy, and coherence times approaching T[subscript 1].
Peripheral Nerve Injuries. By Ruth E. M. Bowden, D.Sc., M.B., B.S., L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., Professor of Anatomy, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, University of London7¼ × 4⅘ in. Pp. 62 + viii, with 30 illustrations. 1958. London: H. K. Lewis & Co. Ltd. 8s. 6d

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Peripheral Nerve Injuries. By Ruth E. M. Bowden, D.Sc., M.B., B.S., L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., Professor of Anatomy, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, University of London7¼ × 4⅘ in. Pp. 62 + viii, with 30 illustrations. 1958. London: H. K. Lewis & Co. Ltd. 8s. 6d Get access Peripheral Nerve Injuries. By Ruth E MBowden, D.Sc., M.B., B.S., L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., Professor of Anatomy, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, University of London. 7¼ × 4⅘ in. Pp. 62 + viii, with 30 illustrations. 1958. London: H. K. Lewis & Co. Ltd. 8s. 6d. British Journal of Surgery, Volume 46, Issue 198, January 1959, Page 429, https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.18004619854 Published: 06 December 2005
On the species of Abyssianira Menzies, 1956 (Isopoda: Asellota: Paramunnidae) from the South-West Atlantic Ocean

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Until now the genus Abyssianira Menzies, 1956 included two Atlantic species from abyssal depths (A. dentifrons Menzies, 1956; A. argentenensis Menzies, 1962) and two Australian species from upper to mid-bathyal depths (A. bathyalis Just, 1990; A. tasmaniensis Just, 1990). Except for Abyssianira dentifrons, which has been found in both hemispheres, the remaining ones are only known from the southern hemisphere. In the present contribution the Atlantic species of Abyssianira are redescribed, and two new species are described: A. acutilobi n. sp. from off Argentina and A. lingula n. sp. from off Brazil, raising the total number of species known for this genus to six.
Abstract 2390: LncRNA PAINT promotes prostate cancer progression through modulation of genes involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and apoptosis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) play regulatory roles in cellular processes and their aberrant expression may drive cancer progression. Here we report the function of a LncRNA PAINT (Prostate Cancer-Associated Intergenic Non-Coding Transcript) in promoting prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Upregulation of PAINT expression was noted in the advanced stage and metastatic PCa patient tissues and correlated with poor survival. Inhibition of PAINT decreased cell proliferation, S-phase progression, increased expression of apoptotic markers, and improved sensitivity to docetaxel and Aurora kinase inhibitor VX-680. Inhibition of PAINT also decreased cell migration and reduced expression of mesenchymal markers, Slug, and Vimentin. Ectopic expression of PAINT suppressed E-cadherin, increased S-phase progression, and cell migration. PAINT expression in PCa cells also induced larger colony formation and higher expression of mesenchymal markers. Transcriptome profiling of PCa cells overexpressing PAINT showed differential expression of genes involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), apoptosis, and drug resistance which were further validated by qRT-PCR analysis. Additionally, GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis revealed altered expression of multiple pathways including p53 signaling and drug metabolism pathways indicating that PAINT may promote an oncogenic environment by simultaneously regulating various biological processes in PCa. In summary, our findings establish the role of PAINT as an oncogene in PCa and indicate the clinical significance of PAINT as a diagnostic marker and a possible therapeutic target for aggressive PCa. Citation Format: Kavya Ganapathy, Md Faqrul Hasan, Jiao Sun, Ayman Khatib, Thomas Andl, Julia Soulakova, Domenico Coppola, Wei Zhang, Ratna Chakrabarti. LncRNA PAINT promotes prostate cancer progression through modulation of genes involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and apoptosis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2390.
THE DIFFERENCES IN SOME LNDEXES OF CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS BETWEEN THE TWO TYPES OF ASCITES HEPATOMA CELL LINE

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In this paper,Hca-F25/CL-16A3 and Hca-F25/CL-A2 with high and low metastatic ability respectively were used. Some indexes of intracellular calcium homeostasis were determined. The results showed that cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration level of mitochondrial calcium and activity of microsomel Ca2+-ATPase of 16A3 were obviously higher than those in A2. While the level of total calcium and nucleus calcium in 16A3 were lower than those in A2. The results indicated that there were significant differences in calcium homeostasis between the two cell clones with different matastatic abilities via lymph tract, and also suggested that the calcium homeostasis. was closely associated with the metastasis of tumor cells.
Construction of lactose-utilizing Xanthomonas campestris and production of xanthan gum from whey

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris possesses a low level of beta-galactosidase and therefore is not able to grow and produce significant amounts of xanthan gum in a medium containing lactose as the sole carbon source. In this study, a beta-galactosidase expression plasmid was constructed by ligating an X. campestris phage phi LO promoter with pKM005, a ColE1 replicon containing Escherichia coli lacZY genes and the lpp ribosome-binding site. It was then inserted into an IncP1 broad-host-range plasmid, pLT, and subsequently transferred by conjugation to X. campestris 17, where it was stably maintained. The lacZ gene under the control of the phage promoter was expressed at a high level, enabling the cells to grow in a medium containing lactose. Production of xanthan gum in lactose or diluted whey by the engineered strain was evaluated, and it was found to produce as much xanthan gum in these substrates as the cells did in a medium containing glucose.
Expression and clinicopathological significance of microRNA-21 and programmed cell death 4 in malignant melanoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To measure levels of microRNA (miR)-21 and its target gene, programmed cell death 4 ( PDCD4), in samples of human cutaneous malignant melanoma and normal non-malignant control skin. Methods Relative levels of miR-21 and PDCD4 mRNA were measured using a quantitative real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Correlations between the levels of the two molecules and the clinicopathological characteristics of malignant melanoma were analysed. Results A total of 67 cases of human cutaneous malignant melanoma were analysed and compared with 67 samples of normal nonmalignant control skin. Compared with normal skin samples, the relative level of miR-21 was significantly higher and the relative level of PDCD4 mRNA was significantly lower in the melanoma specimens. A significant negative correlation between PDCD4 mRNA and miR-21 was demonstrated in malignant melanoma ( r = −0.602). Elevated miR-21 and reduced PDCD4 mRNA levels were both significantly correlated with increased tumour size, a higher Clark classification level and the presence of lymph node metastases in malignant melanoma. Conclusions These findings suggest that miR-21 and PDCD4 might be potential biomarkers for malignant melanoma and might provide treatment targets in the future.
The Transoropalatal Approach to the Atlantoaxialclival Region: Considerations for the Head and Neck Surgeon

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

At the meeting of the Western Section of the Triological Society in Laguna Niguel, Calif, Michael S. Godin, MD, San Diego, Calif, commented on the transoropalatal approach to the atlantoaxialclival region. Godin stated that this was a direct, reliable, and safe approach that provided excellent exposure for neurosurgical decompression and fusion procedures in this area. It was felt that this approach was not widely used because the otolaryngologist was not familiar with it. Godin presented a series of five cases detailing the basic technique, which could be combined with other techniques, such as median palatal split, lip split, mandibular split, and glossal splits, to enhance exposure. Of the five cases presented, some degree of velopharyngeal insufficiency developed in two. The basic techniques consisted of a superiorly based U-shaped flap to expose cervical vertebrae C-1 and C-2. This flap has the advantage of being technically easy, providing excellent exposure, and resulting
Phenylbutazone-induced pericarditis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BRmIISHas in the white.3This shows that the diagnosis of varicose veins under the dark skin cannot long continue in doubt.I assume that a fair number of cases of varicose veins occur in Ghana, and I should be somewhat disconcerted if this were not the case.In a forthcoming work Dr. G. D. Campbell and myself advance the view that varicose veins are part of a much more com- prehensive disease, which includes such con- ditions as dental caries, peptic ulcer, and diabetes, all due to the consumption of refined carbohydrates.It is therefore highly relevant that the late Professor A. A. MacGregor, in his 1964 report of a survey on dental dis- ease in Ghana,4 was able to correlate very closely the presence of dental caries with the consumption of these foods-so it would be surprising, on this view, if there were not already cases of varicose veins in the Ghanaians.If not, I am afraid there soon will be, and I fear they will not long remain only " clinical impressions."-Iam, etc.,
Effect of Heat Treatment on Properties of Crushed Bamboo-Mat Composite

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

To improve the performance of crushed bamboo-mat composites,a heat treatment was conducted on Neosinocalamus affinis bamboo-mat.The properties of the bamboo composites made with the treated mats were tested.It was observed that the composites made with the treated mats showed darker color and better dimensional stability.However,their bending strengths and horizontal shear strengths decreased with increasing steam pressure and treatment duration.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Advances in the Psychology of Workplace Coaching

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This article introduces a special issue of Applied Psychology : An International Review that focuses on recent advances in the psychology of workplace coaching. To begin with, we briefly describe the current state of workplace coaching research, and we then outline the aims and objectives that had driven our motivation in editing this special issue. We set out two objectives for this special issue. First, to ensure that each of the contributions started with the relevant theoretical framework, and secondly, that the papers in this special issue utilized rigorous research design and methodology. We then provide an overview of each of the five articles making up the special issue, detailing their respective contributions to advancing workplace coaching research and theory. We conclude with recommendations for future workplace coaching research, building on the contributions in this special issue. We propose scholars should focus on three key areas: future coaching research should adopt a “start with theory” approach; that rigorous research design and methodology is prioritized, specifically in relation to utilizing multiple data sources and increasing the range of objective (hard) data as coaching outcome measures; and for coaching scholars to pay attention to and explore non‐significant effects.
Standard and Fast Selective Catalytic Reduction of\nNO with NH<sub>3</sub> on Zeolites Fe-BEA

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Two Fe-containing\nBEA zeolites were prepared by ion-exchange (IE;\nFe-BEA) and postsynthesis (PS; Fe-BEA/DeAl) procedures. Similar Fe\ncontent (0.8 to 0.9 Fe wt %) was evidenced for studied samples. Fe-BEA,\nprepared by ion exchange, contained essentially iron cations at the\nexchange sites of the zeolite. These iron cations are either isolated\nor bridged through an oxygen atom (Fe-oxo cations). In Fe-BEA/DeAl,\na high portion of iron was introduced in the T-positions of zeolite\nlattice. The other part was either at an exchange positions or deposited\nas oxide clusters on the outer surface of zeolite grains. For Fe-BEA,\nsignificantly higher acidity than for Fe-BEA/DeAl was evidenced by\nFT-IR studies with adsorption of NH<sub>3</sub> and CO. The catalytic\nperformance of Fe-BEA and Fe-BEA/DeAl was investigated in standard\nselective catalytic reduction (SCR) (NO<sub>2</sub>/NO = 0) and fast\nSCR (NO<sub>2</sub>/NO = 0.85). Fe-BEA revealed\nhigh catalytic activity in both SCR NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> reactions; however, production of N<sub>2</sub>O was much more apparent\nover this catalyst than over Fe-BEA/DeAl. In line with EPR and IR\nstudies, the isolated or bridged-through-an-oxygen-atom extraframework\niron oxo-sites in Fe-BEA were found to deliver higher catalytic activity\nthan the iron oxo-sites in tetrahedral framework positions in Fe-BEA/DeAl.
Ultrasonic Diagnosis of Placental Abnormalities in Situ

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

EXAMINATION of the placenta is routinely performed by the obstetrician at the time of delivery. If any gross abnormality is observed or if the condition of the newborn warrants, the placenta is submitted for pathological evaluation. In essence, this is a retrospective analysis of the placenta. Ultrasound, however, provides a safe noninvasive method for examination of the placenta and its associated abnormalities in situ.1 This article presents representative cases demonstrating the capabilities of ultrasound in evaluating the macroscopic, antenatal features of placental disorders. The cases reported also illustrate the important role of the ultrasonographer in the antenatal diagnosis of placental abnormalities. This permits prompt institution of therapy or avoidance of other unnecessary diagnostic procedures. As the organ of fetomaternal transfer, the placenta often reflects disorders of the fetus and mother as well as abnormalities of placental development (Table). Materials and Methods Commercially available, gray-scale ultrasound units provide excellent anatomic
el poder desde la perspectiva de foucault y la práctica de filosofía con niños en la escuela

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

We understand that the practice of Philosophy with Children within the school, proposed by Walter Kohan, invites practitioners to think about themselves and, in that reflective act, to know what they are – and what they are being -, what they want and do not want to be, giving themselves the possibility of self-transformation. In order to transform ourselves, says this philosopher, it is necessary to abandon the devices that lead us to be what we are. But, what are we? What are we as teachers? What are we as students? What devices lead us to be what we are? To think about these questions we analyze, with Michel Foucault, the school, an institution where the practice of Philosophy with Children takes place, in order to understand the power relations that exist in this space. We will understand how this power relations shape and define what it is to be a teacher and to be a student. To do this, we start with an introduction to Foucault’s thought, analyzing what is power, pastoral power, disciplinary power and resistance that, according to the French philosopher, shapes school as an educational locus. Likewise, we will present the Philosophy with Children proposal and expose the possibility and need, stated by Kohan, for philosophy (as an exercise within the school) to reflect on the coercive practices of power experienced in the classroom and, from there, to create and openness to other forms of relationship between those who inhabit it. Finally, we argue that the practice of Philosophy with Children constitutes, in Foucault's terms, a practice of resistance within schools.
Lactate alleviates early brain damage after subarachnoid hemorrhage: Regulation of lipid metabolism.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of lactate in subarachnoid hemorrhage, a severe cerebrovascular disease that is commonly caused by arterial aneurysm rupture and has limited early treatment options. Lactate, a metabolic byproduct, has been shown to have neuroprotective properties, including enhancing cerebral microcirculation and reducing intracranial pressure in acute brain injury patients. However, the protective mechanisms of lactate in subarachnoid hemorrhage remain unknown. In this study, we showed that lactate alleviates early brain damage in subarachnoid hemorrhage by promoting neuronal lipid synthesis and the formation of lipid droplets in astrocytes. In vivo experiments using a subarachnoid hemorrhage mouse model showed that lactate treatment significantly improved neurological scores, reduced brain inflammation, and promoted lipid droplet formation in astrocytes within 24 hours. Lactate treatment increased free fatty acids levels in the brain. The results suggest that astrocytes absorbed these free fatty acids and converted them into lipid droplets, thus reducing cellular lipotoxicity. Moreover, lactate enhanced the antiapoptotic capacity of astrocytes by upregulating the expression of PLIN5, a protein crucial for lipid droplet formation. The inhibition of lipid synthesis or lipid droplet formation counteracted the neuroprotective effects of lactate, indicating that lactate's protective role is closely linked to lipid metabolism and lipid droplet formation. In vitro experiments on HT22 neuronal cells exposed to hemin-an agent used to simulate subarachnoid hemorrhage injury-demonstrated that lactate mitigated cellular damage by reducing lipid peroxidation and preserving mitochondrial membrane potential. Lactate treatment in HT22 cells and astrocytes also showed that inhibition of lipid synthesis or lipid droplet formation reversed its protective effects, further emphasizing the importance of lipid metabolism in the neuroprotective action of lactate. This study provides insights into the neuroprotective mechanisms of lactate in subarachnoid hemorrhage. It indicates that lactate plays a role in promoting lipid synthesis in neurons and enhancing lipid droplet formation in astrocytes, thus mitigating brain damage and improving cell survival. These findings suggest that lactate, through its regulation of lipid metabolism, could be a potential therapeutic agent for subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Electro-hydrodynamic and plasma phenomena in corona-liquid interaction

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Electro-hydrodynamic phenomena are usually observed when a liquid is in contact with two (or more) electrodes, and the liquid has a weak though definite conductivity; this is because the presence of charge carriers is a necessary condition for strong interaction between an electric field and a fluid 1 . Use of a corona discharge above a liquid surface removes the requirement of the definite liquid conductivity, as corona discharge by itself can provide charge carriers that will interact with the liquid surface and volume. This is similar to a unipolar injection of charged particles with the help of ionite membrane 1 , however in the case of corona this injection is going through the free surface of the liquid. We observed motion of liquids (water and oils with different conductivities) under the influence of corona discharges using wire-to-plane geometry (rectangular vessel with metal bottom-plate and transparent plastic walls). It was possible to see the internal motion within the transparent liquid volume by suspending small (3 μm) silica particles in the liquid and illuminating a cross-section of the liquid volume with a laser beam-sheet. Intense motion was also very clearly revealed on the liquid surface. In that case liquid transparency was not required. In addition to the intense motion observed within the liquid and on the surface of the liquid, deionized water moved upward on the clear plastic walls of the vessel and sprayed outwards into the air atmosphere under the corona influence. It was remarkable that rather small variations of oil composition sometimes completely changed the form of regular electrohydrodynamic motion: from the electro-convective cells elongated in a transverse direction, which were the most common case, to the polygonal Bénard-like cells, and even to vortices similar to those caused by a fluid sink, and to soliton standing surface waves. In most cases significant corona current increase resulted in formation of turbulent motion, analogous to chaotic liquid boiling, although some liquids demonstrated rather high stability of regular motion. Deformation of liquid surface under the influence of surface charge was probably the major cause of formation of vortices; surface charge also caused formation of electrical discharges in the volume of oil, probably between the surface and the bottom metal plate electrode. According to our knowledge, no one has reported formation of such pulsed low-power electrical discharges within a liquid caused by high density surface and/or volume charge of the liquid itself.