jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Molecular epidemiology of Newcastle disease virus isolates from vaccinated commercial poultry farms in non-epidemic areas of Japan

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Newcastle Disease (ND) is a highly contagious and economically devastating disease of poultry. At present, limited molecular epidemiological data are available regarding the causes of ND outbreaks in vaccinated commercial poultry farms. Knowing the genomic characteristics of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infecting commercial poultry operations in spite of vaccination might give important insights on the infection dynamics of these viruses. In addition, molecular analyses at the subgenotype level and studies on the relationship of Japanese NDVs with other isolates from around the world are lacking. Therefore, in the present study, a molecular epidemiological investigation was conducted to characterize nine NDVs isolated from vaccinated commercial poultry flocks in five different Prefectures in non-epidemic areas of Japan between 1969 and 2002.Nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic studies were performed to characterize the complete fusion (F)-protein gene, 3-prime end of the nucleoprotein (NP)-gene and 5-prime end of the RNA dependent RNA polymerase (L)-gene. Sequence data were compared with 180 NDV strains from GenBank representing different NDV genotypes and subgenotypes from different regions of the world at different time periods. Deduced amino acids were analyzed for homologies, recombination and mutation. Recombination events were estimated using Recombination Detection Program (RDP) version 3.44. Phylogenetic trees were constructed to determine evolutionary relationships among strains.Mean death time (MDT: 48-56 hr), Intracerebral Pathogenicity Index (ICPI: 1.7-1.9) and deduced amino acid sequences of the F0 proteolytic cleavage site (112RRQKR116) revealed that all nine field isolates were velogenic. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these isolates could be classified into two genetic lineages and three sublineages namely genotypes VIa (lineage 4a), VId (lineage 4d) and VIId (lineage 5d). No recombination events were observed but a point mutation in one of the neutralizing epitope of the F-protein was identified in the field isolates from Japan.All field isolates from vaccinated commercial poultry in non-epidemic areas of Japan were part of much bigger outbreaks in provinces and regions and, in some cases, continents. In general, four ND panzootics occurred in Japan and that these outbreaks were mostly characterized by co-circulation of genetically distinct virus lineages due to involvements of infected wild birds. The point mutation identified in the field isolates from Japan may be due to escape from vaccine pressure. The identification of such mutation may be useful for future site-directed mutagenesis to understand the dynamics of NDV infection in vaccinated chickens.
Study on the Risk Management Strategy of China's Commercial Banks

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Study on risk management of commercial banks(CB) is a hot issue in recent years. Especially after the financial crisis, more and more researchers begin to study how to manage the risk of China's CB. This paper combines the existing literature and Basel II to analyze the risk status of China's CB. We find that although China's CB have got a great achievement in risk management by now, three main kinds of risk: credit risk, market risk and operation risk, still threat to the China's CB further development. After analyzing these risk, we provide the risk management strategy from four aspects at last, including organizational structure, business procedure, technology and culture.
DiReCT: Disaster Response Coordination with Trusted Volunteers

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In disaster management, timely delivery of the right information to the right people can improve outcomes and save lives. With fewer first responders available, volunteers play an increasing role in disaster assistance. A communication framework that brings victims, volunteers, and first responders together for timely disaster assistance can be incredibly helpful. Recent observations, across multiple incidents, have shown that people extensively use social media for communicating in disaster situations. This paper proposes DiReCT, a framework for coordination of disaster response leveraging volunteers in a trustworthy fashion. DiReCT integrates social media with Information-Centric dissemination to help in disaster-related communications. To enable efficient dissemination, we exploit a dynamic namespace that captures the complex incident-management's organizational relationships among participants' roles, in addition to time and location. The DiReCT architecture facilitates both content retrieval and recipient-based publish/subscribe. Users, especially regular citizens and volunteers, may not have access to the full incident-management namespace. We propose a social media engine to intelligently map social media posts to the right name(s), using Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning, to steer social media posts towards appropriate first responder(s) that may be most appropriate in helping with the issue posted. Managing volunteers' trust is crucial to ensure only credible posts get to the right people. We use a reputation-based trust model, that is used to guide the authorization, management and evaluation of trustworthiness of content and users. Preliminary evaluation results show the proposed social media and trust management-based solution can be effective.
Communication, Animal

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Communication between humans and nonhuman animals has been complicated by traditional assumptions that human language is preeminent. While some anthropologists have explored communication in nonhuman primates to inform our understanding of the evolution of human language, there has been reluctance within sociocultural anthropology to consider the communicative competencies of other species as intrinsically valuable. However, spoken language is just one of many communicative forms. Other animals also possess complex systems of communication, some displaying social aspects of human discourse such as turn‐taking, and some with such requisite criteria for language as a shared system of representational signs. Nonverbal communication is another feature of human and nonhuman social life, facilitating trans‐species empathy, while in systems of communication which utilize capacities humans lack, the precise meanings and mechanisms currently elude human understanding. This entry presents some representative examples of nonhuman and of human–nonhuman communication systems in relation to assumptions about human language.
[Replacement of the descending aorta sparing the aortic valve: the David's operation].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report the case of an ascending aortic aneurysm involving the aortic root, with a functionally competent bicuspid aortic valve, treated by the David's operation. This operation allows to fix the aortic root pathology, whilst preserving the native aortic valve. The technical aspects, surgical indications, and potential benefits of this operation are reviewed.
Between surrealism and politics: An exploration of subversive body arts in 1980s East German underground cinema

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article discusses the underground cinema of the German Democratic Republic during the 1980s in regard to its contributions to the arts and the avant-garde. While scholars including Claus Löser and Katrin Frietzsche have contributed greatly to the remembrance of the East German underground cinema, its influences have been disregarded by film studies, not least within the anglophone field. As a result, little to no research has been conducted regarding its contributions to the avant-garde or through the scope of other art movements as the political aspect continues to be emphasized. This article draws upon multiple art developments such as dada, surrealism, performance and body art as well as Eastern European-specific movements. Therefore, it evaluates how the East German underground interprets those influences and further contributes to them. Significant works by Cornelia Schleime, Gabriele Stötzer, Thomas Frydetzki and Tohm di Roes are subject to analyses to reveal anarchist feminist tendencies and surrealism with anarchist aspects. It concludes that the East German underground must be seen as a contribution to the less-researched necrorealism as an art movement paralleling the constitutional socialist realism. As such, political implications cannot be subtracted altogether but shall rather be viewed alongside the emergence of anarchist surrealism during the Cold War.
Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine Additive on Endocrine of Egg laying Hens in Heat stress

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effect of traditional Chinese medicine additive on endocrine of egg laying hens in heat stress was studied. The result showed that, traditional Chinese medicine additive could coordinate the endocrine function of hen in heat stress. The traditional Chinese medicine B not only could raised T 3 concentration, E 2 concentration and reduced Corticosterone concentration in plasm ( P 0.05), but also could increase the Thyroid weight, Ovaria weight and reduced in the Adrenal weight.
Increasing Prevalence and Direct Health Care Cost of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Among Adults: A Population-Based Study From a Western Canadian Province

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives Our study aimed to calculate the prevalence and estimate the direct health care costs of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and test if trends in the prevalence and direct health care costs of IBD increased over two decades in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. Methods We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study using administrative health data of Saskatchewan between 1999/2000 and 2016/2017 fiscal years. A validated case definition was used to identify prevalent IBD cases. Direct health care costs were estimated in 2013/2014 Canadian dollars. Generalized linear models with generalized estimating equations tested the trend. Annual prevalence rates and direct health care costs were estimated along with their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results In 2016/2017, 6468 IBD cases were observed in our cohort; Crohn’s disease: 3663 (56.6%), ulcerative colitis: 2805 (43.4%). The prevalence of IBD increased from 341/100,000 (95%CI 340 to 341) in 1999/2000 to 664/100,000 (95%CI 663 to 665) population in 2016/2017, resulting in a 3.3% (95%CI 2.4 to 4.3) average annual increase. The estimated average health care cost for each IBD patient increased from $1879 (95%CI 1686 to 2093) in 1999/2000 to $7185 (95%CI 6733 to 7668) in 2016/2017, corresponding to an average annual increase of 9.5% (95%CI 8.9 to 10.1). Conclusions Our results provide relevant information and analysis on the burden of IBD in Saskatchewan. The evidence of the constant increasing prevalence and health care cost trends of IBD needs to be recognized by health care decision-makers to promote cost-effective health care policies at provincial and national levels and respond to the needs of patients living with IBD.
Broad Landscape of School Jazz Education

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Previous research has shown what school jazz educators spend their time teaching, but not how they teach those things or why. Certain instructional strategies are correlated with high student achievement in jazz, but it is not known whether school jazz teachers are utilizing them or what those strategies look like when they do. Teaching School Jazz: Perspectives, Principles, and Strategies introduces the reader to two expert, yet very different, school jazz educators, whose case studies are inserted in chapters throughout the book. Bruce considers himself an experienced music teacher who happens to also teach jazz, rather than a professional jazz musician. Emily, on the other hand, considers herself both an experienced music teacher and a professional jazz musician. This chapter describes differing thoughts about and approaches to teaching school jazz to help paint a picture of what school jazz looks like.
Fabrication and Characterization of 4H-SiC MOS Capacitors with Different Dielectric Layer Treatments

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

4H-SiC based Metal-Oxide Semiconductor(MOS) capacitors are promising key components for next generation power devices. For high frequency power applications, however, there is a major drawback of this type of devices, i.e. they have low inversion channel mobility that consequently affects the switching operation in MOS Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). Carbon clusters or excess carbon atoms in the interface between the dielectric layer and SiC is commonly considered to be the carrier trapping and scattering centers that lower the carrier channel mobility. Based on the previous work in the research group, a new fabrication process for forming the dielectric layer with a lower density of the trap states is investigated. The process consists of standard semiconductor cleaning, pre-treatments, pre-oxidation, plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and post oxidation annealing. I-V measurements of the dielectric strength showed that the resulting layers can sustain proper working condition under an electric field of at least 5MV/cm. C-V characteristics measurements provided the evidence that the proposed method can effectively reduce the interfacial states, which are main culprit for a large flat band voltage shift of C-V characteristics, in particular under annealing at 900°C in nitrogen atmosphere.
Structural Manipulation of Spin Excitations in a Molecular Junction

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Single metallocene molecules act as sensitive spin detectors when decorating the probe of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). However, the impact of the atomic-scale electrode details on the molecular spin state has remained elusive to date. Here, a nickelocene (Nc) STM junction is manipulated in an atomwise manner showing clearly the dependence of the spin excitation spectrum on the anchoring of Nc to Cu(111), a Cu monomer, and trimer. Moreover, while the spin state of the same Nc tip is a triplet with tunable spin excitation energies upon contacting the surface, it transitions to a Kondo-screened doublet on a Cu atom. Notably, the nontrivial magnetic exchange interaction of the molecular spin with the electron continuum of the substrate determines the spectral line shape of the spin excitations.
Cross-band flexible UWB multiple access for high-rate multi-piconet WPANs

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Emerging technologies including wireless multimedia and personal area networks (WPANs) call for high-rate systems capable of supporting multiple users (piconets) with variable rates. These requirements motivate multi-band ultra-wideband (UWB) radios with low-cost, short time-to-market transceivers. Relative to baseband UWB radios, multi-band systems offer certain advantages, but special multiple access (MA) schemes are needed. To this end, we introduce a cross-band flexible UWB MA scheme for multi-piconet WPANs. The resultant so termed FLEX-UWB design offers resilience against multi-user interference (MUI), can accommodate various spreading alternatives, enables full multipath diversity, and can affect scalable spectral efficiency (from low, to medium and high data rates).
Reconstruction of objects from diverging x rays

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rotation of a system consisting of a single x‐ray source and a linear detector array allows rapid collection of x‐ray projection data from which transaxial cross sections can be reconstructed. In this paper, we present an algorithm which makes possible rapid computerized reconstruction from such data. We describe some experiments aimed at investigating the optimal choice of some of the parameters associated with the algorithm. We report on reconstructions using our algorithm of the intact thorax of a dog and also of cross sections of the human female breast from x‐ray data obtained by a computerized mammography machine.
Sustaining housing: reducing re-entries into homelessness

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Many people that have experienced homelessness struggle to sustain their housing, and many have further spells or episodes of homelessness. This chapter examines policy efforts to reduce re-entries into homelessness. While the chapter draws on international literature, it focuses on the intersection of homelessness and housing policy in Australia, in particular social housing policy which is the principle housing pathway out of homelessness for many people. The chapter starts by positioning the idea of sustaining housing as a key aspect of homelessness prevention. It then defines tenancy sustainment and its relationship to tenancy breakdown. The chapter then reviews empirical studies that examine tenancy sustainment and breakdown patterns of social housing. The final part of the chapter examines Australian programmes designed to sustain tenancies in social housing, and whether they are effective or not in reducing re-entries into homelessness.
A Comparison of Adolescent versus Young Adult Outpatients with First-Presentation Borderline Personality Disorder: Findings from the MOBY Randomized Controlled Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: The increasing focus on adolescent personality disorder has tended to ignore evidence of the developmental continuity of the period from puberty to young adulthood. This study aims to: (1) describe the characteristics of a sample of young people with borderline personality disorder (BPD) who had no previous history of evidence-based treatment for the disorder and (2) compare their characteristics by participant age group. Methods: One hundred and thirty-nine young people (15 to 25 years) with BPD, newly enrolled in the Monitoring Outcomes of BPD in Youth randomized controlled trial, completed semi-structured interview and self-report measures assessing demographic, clinical, and functional characteristics. Younger (aged 15 to 17 years; n = 64) and older (aged 18 to 25 years; n = 75) participants were compared on these same variables using t-tests, chi-square tests, and logistic regression. Results: Young outpatients with BPD had extensive and severe psychopathology and were functioning poorly. Adolescents and young adults with BPD showed substantial similarities on 20 key aspects of their presentation. Significant between-groups differences were observed in household makeup, treatment history, antisocial personality disorder, emotion dysregulation, substance use, age of commencement and extent of self-harm, and achievement of age-appropriate educational milestones. Adolescent BPD group membership was predicted by family composition and self-harm, whereas young adult BPD group membership was predicted by not achieving age-appropriate milestones, vocational disengagement, and emotion dysregulation. The final model explained 54% of the variance and correctly classified 80.2% of the sample by age. Conclusions: Both adolescents and young adults with early stage BPD present with severe and often similar problems to one another, supporting developmental continuity across this age range. However, there are also meaningful differences in presentation, suggesting that pathways to care might differ by age and/or developmental stage. Detection and intervention for personality disorder should not be delayed until individuals reach 18 years of age.
Perceptions of Residential Elders Following Facilitated Advance Care Planning

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this project was to explore the perceptions of residential elders following a facilitated advance care planning (ACP) conversation. While literature is available regarding ACP and advance directives (ADs), there is minimal knowledge of first hand experiences from those who complete ACP and live in a residential or retirement community. Five residents of a retirement community who participated in facilitated ACP conversations also participated in a focus group interview to explore their perceptions of facilitators of and barriers to ACP and completing an AD. The interview was audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Then the transcript was reviewed for accuracy and field notes were added to preserved nuances observed during the focus group. The transcription was analyzed for themes to determine residents’ perceptions of their ACP experience. All of the residents had previously participated in some form of ACP prior to the facilitated conversation, and of interest all made changes to their documentation following the conversation. The facilitators for ACP included: future preparedness; having something in writing; feeling of comfort; communication; family involvement; advancing age; knowledge of future death; lack of fear about death; wanting to have a peaceful death; previous experience with loss of a loved one; preventing burden to families by planning ahead; and Christian faith. The barrier for ACP was uncertainty in illness. All participants agreed it was a barrier to their ACP decision-making. Implications for practice are limited to similar residential populations in a select Midwestern city. Suggestions include encouraging residents to: participate in facilitated ACP conversations, revisit the document annually, integrate ACP into an annual visit, and encourage advocate and family involvement in the ACP process.
Terahertz-frequency-range large-orbit-gyrotrons for physical applications

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We describe high-harmonic gyrotrons with axis-encircling electron beams developing on the basis of two experimental setups. The 30 keV / 0.7 A CW gyrotron is developed for the spectroscopy applications. Recently, selective operation at the second (0.267 THz) and at the third (0.394 THz) cyclotron harmonics were achieved. Special quasi-regular cavities are designed to to achieve the fourth-harmonic operation at frequencies of up to 0.65 THz. The pulsed 80-100 keV / 0.7-1.0 A gyrotron is aimed to provide high-power microwave pulses at the third cyclotron harmonic at frequencies close to 1 THz. Now we study possibilities to increase the peak level of the output power up to the level of several kW in order to use this gyrotron in plasma applications.
A revolutionary monument: Reclaiming the Naṣb al-Ḥurrīyya in Baghdad

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The monument that stands in Tahrir Square in Baghdad, known as Naṣb al-Ḥurrīyya (the Freedom Monument), is a site-specific work. Spatial in its conception from the very start, this monument came to exceed both primary historical event and iconographic representation to become the heart of the identity of the protest movement in the city of Baghdad, and to define its terrain. And it has now come to signify people’s rights across all of Iraq today. Commissioned soon after the 1958 revolution that overthrew the Hashemite Dynastic house, the Hurriyya monument has to do with the Event of revolution in the sense of event as defined in the philosophical writings of Alain Badiou, as a moment which emerges outside of, and changes the conditions and the frame of existence of its appearance. Thus, the Hurriyya monument commemorated historically the 14 July 1958 revolution in Iraq (the 14 Tammuz Revolution), yet it exceeded historical commemoration to signify the Evental character of a people’s revolution and its reclaiming of the city space.