jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Qi Spleen and Stomach Medicine with Western Medicine Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes,42 Cases of Gastroparesis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

[Objective]To observe yiqi and stomach primarily proprietary Chinese medicine for diabetic gastroparesis curative effect.[Methods]All patients were to diabetes diet,oral glucose-lowering medications or(and) insulin to control blood sugar,the treatment group on this basis using yiqi and stomach primarily proprietary Chinese medicine,daily a dose of observation curative effect.Results among 42 patients,by continuous 2 treatment after treatment,powerfully 19.45%.[Result]21 patients,50%;Invalid in 2 cases,5%.The total effective rate of 95%.[Conclusion] Using yiqi and stomach primarily proprietary Chinese medicine to daily a dose of treatment diabetic gastroparesis effect is obvious.
Travelling Toward True Translation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this paper I argue that the growing emphasis on first-hand observation in the emerging scientific discourse of eighteenth-century Europe led to a privileging of travel and travel narratives as important markers of authentic knowledge of non-European lands, including China. The first generation of translators of Chinese texts and their reviewers therefore emphasized this personal knowledge of China, while at the same time denigrating foreign ‘book knowledge’ of the region. Ultimately, however, this had the effect of undercutting the translator’s own claims to direct representation of the Chinese, as travel accounts by British subjects continued to enjoy more cultural capital than translations of Chinese texts, even though translators also made competing claims of the effectiveness of translation to open up a window onto the lives of the Chinese, and even when texts were translated by such confirmed Chinese experts as Sir George Thomas Staunton. Although Chinese-English translations became ‘truer’, they were consigned to play a subservient role vis-a-vis travel narratives in the development of British Sinology and the British public’s perception of China.
Numerical study of a nanofluid-based receiver for linear Fresnel collectors

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In concentrated solar technologies, the use of volumetric receivers instead of surface receivers may help to achieve higher solar collection efficiencies. This paper reports a simplified model that computes the concentrated solar radiation absorption and energy transport by advection in the volumetric receiver of a linear Fresnel collector. The proposed linear Fresnel collector is intended for use in industrial solar heat processes. The receiver consists of a rectangular channel whereby flows a nanofluid composed of thermal oil and graphite nanoparticles. The bottom wall of the channel is a glass, while the upper wall is a highly reflective surface that is well insulated. The light absorption into the nanofluid was solved using the Rayleigh dispersion, while the convection was solved with a simplified velocity profile for turbulent flow (power law) and incorporating a radiative source term in the energy equation. All equations were discretized by using finite volumes and were coded in Python language. Receiver efficiencies in the range of 92–96% were found for temperatures of 403–343K. The results show that the volumetric fraction (optical depth) drives the way the radiation is absorpted, and in consequence, the temperature profile and the receiver efficiency. For low optical depths, the solar absorption is low, resulting in high reflected radiation losses. Contrarily, high optical depths mean high solar absorption, consequently, the temperature close to the glass increases, and the convection losses are higher. The results suggest that values of optical depth close to 2.3 are optimum to obtain the highest receiver efficiency.
Implications of Dynamically Variable Traits for Identifying, Classifying, and Measuring Direct and Indirect Effects in Ecological Communities

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This article discusses how the presence of dynamic change in traits affecting inter-specific interactions changes the ways in which interactions between species are distinguished, classified, and measured. The prevalence of models lacking any trait dynamics has led to methods of identifying and measuring indirect effects that are not valid when phenotypically or evolutionarily plastic traits affect interspecific interactions. When traits are dynamic, the number of links in a dynamic model can no longer be used to distinguish direct and indirect effects, and classifying interactions by a single sign denoting effect on equilibrium density becomes problematic. The presence of trait dynamics also changes the interpretation of manipulative experiments that have been used to measure indirect effects. Because both traits and population densities can transmit indirect effects, a given ordered series of species will often transmit several indirect effects, which may have opposite signs. Because some traits can change very rapidly, dynamic equations describing population growth rates may often include the densities of species that interact indirectly with the given species. Some of the conceptual problems in comparing magnitudes of direct and indirect effects are illustrated by simple models of a three-species food chain. Different methods of measuring effect magnitudes can give different conditions for when direct effects are larger than indirect effects. Other terminology related to indirect effects, including interaction modification and higher-order interaction, is critically discussed. Given the present paucity of information about trait dynamics, it may be premature to attempt to compare magnitudes of direct and indirect effects.
Turkish Loan-Words in Rural Dialects in Slavonia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The paper shows the proportion of Turkish loan-words in rural dialects in Slavonia. Works describing the Turkish-Orient cultural tradition on the territory of former Yugoslavia most frequently treated the Islamic population, whereas the area of Slavonia, being “atypical”, remained outside of the framework of interest. The goal of this paper was to isolate the vocabulary of Turkish origin that exists in rural dialects, and then to analyse the distribution and meanings of Turkish loan-words in every individual segment of rural life, to confirm the areas that were influenced by contact with Turkish civilisation, as well as the relative intensities of this contact on them. Loans mainly pertain to material culture, and therefore nouns are most frequent. In this regard, it is understood that adaptation of a new, foreign term or “label”, did not always imply adoption of the labelled “item”, although the process involved was certainly the result of intercultural contacts and influences. Analysis was based on the valuable case-study descriptions of the villages Otok (near Vinkovci) by Josip Lovretić and Varoš (near Slavonski Brod) by Luka Lukić, excellent sources for gaining an understanding of folk life and also, which is important for this, of rural dialects. The lists of Turkish loan-words given by Lovretić and Lukić only partially reveal the layer of Turkish loans that is alive in the rural speech of Slavonia. Even today it is possible to find a much larger number of them in rural dialects, although they are gradually being lost or suppressed, since rapid changes in the way of life have led to the disappearance of the items they pertained to. In future studies of this theme – more extensive, more basic and more systematic ones – ethnographical
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Ring Opening of Cyclopropyl Ketones with Samarium(II) Diiodide.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Stellar mass spectrum within massive collapsing clumps III. Effects of temperature and magnetic field

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The stellar mass spectrum is an important property of the stellar cluster and a fundamental quantity to understand our Universe. The fragmentation of diffuse molecular cloud into stars is subject to physical processes such as gravity, turbulence, thermal pressure, and magnetic field. The final mass of a star is believed to be a combined outcome of a virially unstable reservoir and subsequent accretion. We aim to clarify the roles of different supporting energies, notably the thermal pressure and the magnetic field, in determining the stellar mass. Following previous studies by Lee & Hennebelle (2018a,b), we perform a series of numerical experiments of stellar cluster formation inside an isolated molecular clump. By changing the effective equation of state (EOS) of the diffuse gas (that is to say gas whose density is below the critical density at which dust becomes opaque to its radiation) and the strength of the magnetic field, we investigate whether any characteristic mass is introduced into the fragmentation processes. The EOS of the diffuse gas, including the bulk temperature and the polytropic index, does not affect significantly the shape of the stellar mass spectrum. The presence of magnetic field slightly modifies the shape of the mass spectrum only when extreme values are applied. This study confirms that the peak of the IMF is primarily determined by the adiabatic high-density end of the EOS that mimics the radiation inside the high-density gas. Furthermore, the shape of the mass spectrum is mostly sensitive to the density PDF, and the magnetic field has likely only a secondary role. In particular, we stress that the Jeans mass at the mean cloud density and at the critical density are not responsible of setting the peak.
Research on Application of Regional Culture Symbols in the Design of Seat Pattern of High-Speed Train

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In modern design, the culture of the product makes the product rich in connotation more and the Designers begin to design from the perspective of culture.This paper illustrates the research status of the pattern design and analyzes the functions and effects of the symbols from the signifier, signified.Based on the definitude of the connotation of regional culture symbols, three kinds of extraction methods of regional culture symbols for reconstruction, decomposition combination and simplified extraction of elements are summarized and arranged.Based on the connotation of regional culture and extraction methods of symbols, the extraction and application of seat pattern elements of high-speed train in Chongqing are analyzed and researched.
Magnetoelectric Behaviors in Magnetic-Field-Induced Phases of Pb(TiO)Cu4(PO4)4

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Pb(TiO)Cu4(PO4)4, a recently found tetragonal antiferromagnet consisting of inversion asymmetric Cu4O12 square cupolas, is known to exhibit various magnetoelectric (ME) responses in a broad range of magnetic fields applied along the crystallographic [110] axis. Here, we report distinct ME responses in Pb(TiO)Cu4(PO4)4 subjected to high magnetic fields up to 18 T applied along different high-symmetric axes, namely, the a axis (Ba) and the c axis (Bc). For Ba, it is observed that a finite electric polarization emerges in a field-induced phase, whose sign is independent of the electric field cooling procedure. For Bc, while no electric polarization appears, the dielectric constant shows a sharp peak divergent toward the transition from a paramagnetic to a field-induced phase. We discuss the origin of the observed ME responses in terms of the ME activity of cluster multipole moments.
[Patient information and informed consent in orthopaedic surgery: is it possible?].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Informed consent of the patient is a prerequisite for all surgical intervention. However, there is no consensus as to the quantity, manner and type of information that must be transmitted to the patient before an operation. Traditionally the patient receives information orally, but it is estimated that half of the information given by the physician is forgotten after 6 weeks. More and more complementary written documents have been proposed, but often they are beyond the understanding of the patient. Thus, other approaches are necessary. The models of communication that favor the partnership offer the best compromise between the principles of patient autonomy and that which benefits the treatment, allowing the patient to make the best decision.
Data for: Increased male mating success in the presence of prey and rivals in a sexually cannibalistic mantis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pre-copulatory sexual cannibalism—or cannibalism without mating—is expected to promote the evolution of male strategies that enhance mating success and reduce the risk of cannibalism, such as preferentially approaching feeding females. Sexual selection on male competitiveness has the potential to alter male mating decisions in the face of cannibalism risk, but such effects are poorly understood. We investigated the effect of prey availability and male-male competition on mating incidence in the highly cannibalistic Springbok mantis, Miomantis caffra. We found that matings were initiated more rapidly and more often in the presence of prey, suggesting that females distracted with foraging may be less of a threat. Competition between males also hastened the onset of copulation and led to higher mating success, with very large effects occurring in the presence of both prey and competitors, indicating that intrasexual competition may intensify attraction to foraging females. Taken together, our results suggest that pre-copulatory cannibalism has selected for male preference for foraging females, and that males adjust their mating strategy to both the risk of competition and the threat of cannibalism.
Functional characterization of P2Y1 and P2X4 receptors in human neuroblastoma SK-N-MC cells

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Nucleotides are important signalling molecules in both the peripheral and central nervous system. However, the in vitro study of their receptors can be hampered by the heterogeneity of primary neuronal cultures. The use of clonal neuroblastoma cell lines allows to circumvent this difficulty, so these lines are often used as a model to analyze the properties, regulation and physiological role of nucleotide receptors in neural tissues. Expression studies indicated the presence of P2Y1, P2Y6, P2Y11, P2Y13, P2X1, P2X4, P2X5, P2X6 and P2X7 proteins in SK-N-MC cells. Functional analyses showed transient [Ca2+]i increases upon application of ADP, 2-MeSADP or ADPβS. Responses to these agonists seem to be mediated by a P2Y1 receptor, as demonstrated by the almost complete blockade exerted by the P2Y1-selective antagonist MRS2179. ATP was also able to induce [Ca2+]i increases in SK-N-MC cells. Responses to ATP were partially blocked by MRS2179 and the P2X antagonist TNP-ATP, thus suggesting that ATP can interact with two different P2 receptors: a P2Y1 receptor, inhibited by MRS2179, and a TNP-ATP sensitive P2X receptor. To characterize the P2X receptor responsible for the MRS2179-resistant component of the ATP response, we analyze the effect of several P2X agonists on [Ca2+]i. Cells did not show responses to either α,β-meATP or BzATP, although [Ca2+]i increases could be observed when cells were challenged with CTP. Both the response to CTP and the MRS2179-resistant component of ATP response were potentiated by ivermectin. Such pharmacological profile is consistent with the presence of a functional P2X4 receptor in SK-N-MC cell line
Married Priests and the Reforming Papacy: The Eleventh-Century Debates. By Anne Llewellyn Barstow. New York: Edwin Mellen Press, 1982. ix + 275 pp. $29.95.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

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Stable two--brane models with bulk tachyon matter

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We explore the possibility of constructing stable, warped two--brane models which solve the hierarchy problem, with a bulk non--canonical scalar field (tachyon matter) as the source term in the action. Among our examples are two models--one with a warp factor (denoted as $e^{-2f(σ)}$) which differs from that of the standard Randall--Sundrum by the addition of a quadratic piece in the $f(σ)$ and another, where the warping is super-exponential. We investigate the issue of resolution of hierarchy and perform a stability analysis by obtaining the effective inter-brane potentials, in each case. Our analysis reveals that there does exist stable values of the modulus consistent with hierarchy resolution in both the models. Thus, these models, in which the bulk scalar field generates the geometry and also ensures stability, provide viable alternatives to the standard Randall--Sundrum two-brane scenario.
A new species of Autocrates (Coleoptera: Trictenotomidae) revealed by DNA barcoding and morphological evidence

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Autocrates soni sp. nov. is described from Vietnam based on morphological and molecular evidence. This beetle is characterised by reddish-brown pubescence on its ventral side and much shorter setae on its femora compared to the closely related species Autocrates vitalisi Vuillet, 1912. The validity of this new species is strongly supported by DNA barcode data from all known species of the genus Autocrates.
The influence of bullying victimization on delinquency through depression and the moderated mediation effect of parental monitoring among multicultural adolescents

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

본 연구는 다문화 청소년의 집단 괴롭힘 피해 경험이 우울을 매개로 비행에 미치는 영향과 부모 감독의 조절된 매개효과 검증을 목적으로 하였다. 연구가설 검증을 위해 한국청소년정책 연구원에서 구축한 다문화청소년 패널조사로부터 외국인 어머니를 둔 약 1,200명의 다문화 청소년 표본을 선별하여 PROCESS macro for SPSS의 방법을 통해 매개효과 및 조절된 매개효과 분석을 수행하였다. 본 연구에서 확인한 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 다문화 청소년의 집단 괴롭힘 피해 경험 수준은 비행에 정적으로 유의미한 영향을 미쳤다. 집단 괴롭힘 피해 수준이 한 단위 증가할 때 비행의 위험도가 2.09배 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 다문화 청소년의 우울은 집단 괴롭힘 피해 경험이 비행에 미치는 영향을 완전매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 집단 괴롭힘 피해 경험은 우울 수준을 증가시켰고, 증가된 우울 수준은 비행의 위험도를 증가시켰다. 셋째, 다문화 청소년의 집단 괴롭힘 피해 경험이 우울을 매개로 비행에 미치는 영향에서 부모 감독의 조절된 조건부 매개효과가 확인되었다. 집단 괴롭힘, 우울, 비행 사이의 간접효과가 부모 감독이 낮을수록 더 높게 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 다문화 청소년의 집단 괴롭힘 피해와 비행에 대처하기 위한 개입 방안에 대하여 논의하였다.
The “Totality of Circumstances Test” in Section 2 of the 1982 Extension of the Voting Rights Act: A Social Science Perspective*

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

We discuss uses of social science definitions and research methods in judging compliance with the recently modified language of Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act. That Act now specifies a “totality of circumstances” effects lest for the existence of racial vote dilution. There are seven “typical” factors listed by the Senate Committee on the Judiciary in its report on the 1982 Voting Rights extension as among those which may be used to establish a Section 2 violation. Because of the nature of these factors, extensive (and often conflicting) testimony by social scientists has now become an inescapable feature of Section 2 litigation. We focus particular attention on one of the seven factors, racially polarized voting, because measurement of it is, as judged by recent litigation, the most controversial, the most complex, and the most important. We also discuss at some length another factor, racial campaign appeals, which also raises issues of appropriate definition and measurement. The aim of this paper is to contribute to a standardization of terminology and operationalization in an important public policy area, and to show how social science methodology can assist legal fact‐finding.
Low prevalence of zoonotic food-borne parasites Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella spp., but high prevalence of a potential marine Sarcocystis spp., in Eastern Beaufort Sea beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) harvested in the Canadian Arctic

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Beluga whales ( Delphinapterus leucas (Pallas, 1776)) are traditional food sources for Inuit communities in the Canadian Arctic. In response to community concerns about zoonotic parasites ( Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella spp.), the aim of this study was for harvesters, government, and researchers to jointly determine prevalence of selected parasites in belugas harvested from the Eastern Beaufort Sea population between 2014 and 2021. We used multiple molecular and serological assays to detect Toxoplasma gondii in the absence of gold standards. Antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii were detected in less than 1% ( n = 1/120) of belugas using multiple commercial and in-house serological tests. Based on multiple molecular assays, Toxoplasma gondii DNA was detected in 1% ( n = 1/97) of belugas. Trichinella larvae were not detected in diaphragms ( n = 42) or tongues ( n = 108) by the internationally recognized pepsin/HCl artificial digestion method. Sarcocysts were observed on histology in 6/26 beluga examined in 2015–2016 and DNA of an unidentified species of Sarcocystis sp. was detected in skeletal muscle of 59% ( n = 46/78) of belugas. Phylogenetic analyses indicate a close relationship between the Sarcocystis found in belugas and those from other marine mammals, suggestive of a marine life cycle requiring further investigation. Our findings reflect a low prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella spp., and therefore low risk of human exposure to these parasites through the consumption of belugas from the Eastern Beaufort Sea.
A TRIM32-AMBRA1-ULK1 complex initiates the autophagy response in atrophic muscle cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The Ser/Thr protein kinase ULK1 is an upstream macroautophagy/autophagy regulator that is rapidly activated to ensure a proper adaptive response to stress conditions. Signaling pathways modulating ULK1 activity have been extensively characterized in response to nutrient/energy shortage, which mainly act by mediating ULK1 post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, acetylation and ubiquitination. Less characterized is how tissue-specific stress signals are able to activate ULK1 to induce autophagy. Our recent study has uncovered the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM32 as a novel ULK1 activator that regulates autophagy in muscle cells upon atrophy induction. TRIM32 is conveyed to ULK1 by the autophagy cofactor AMBRA1 to stimulate its kinase activity through unanchored K63-linked polyubiquitin chains. Notably, mutations in TRIM32 responsible for limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2H disrupt its ability to bind ULK1 and to induce autophagy in muscle cells, resulting in a dysregulated activation of the atrophic process. In conclusion, we have identified a novel molecular mechanism by which autophagy is regulated in muscles, whose alteration is associated with the development of muscular dystrophy.