jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
INFORMAL SECTOR ENTERPRISES: SOME MEASUREMENT ISSUES

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we examine the differences in the measures of: (i) profits of an enterprise obtained from a detailed set of questions on incomes and expenses of the enterprise, versus profits obtained through a single direct question; and (ii) gross value added (GVA) obtained using the production approach as the difference between output and intermediate consumption from a detailed set of questions on incomes and expenses, versus GVA using the income approach by asking a few questions on factor incomes, and a single direct question on profits. We use data from the 56th round survey of unorganized manufacturing conducted by the National Sample Survey Organization of India during the period July 2000–June 2001. We also examine if the differences vary with the characteristics of the enterprises, and suggest further empirical research to develop suitable tools for providing accurate measurements of informal sector enterprises.
Genomic approach to manage genetic variability in dairy farms

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this study we investigated the genetic variability, the inbreeding and allele frequencies of monogenic traits in seven herds of Holstein breed and provided insight to farmers on the value of genomic management of reproduction in their herds. A total of 3,953 Holstein cows were sampled and genotyped with the Neogen GGP Bovine 100K SNP chip within the activities of the Regione Lombardia funded GO-PEI project ‘GENOmic tool for the management of reproduction in dairy cattle and for the control of inbreeding – GENORIP’. Principal component analysis was applied for analysing the genetic variability within and among farms using the SVS software of Golden Helix. Run of Homozygosity (ROH) and the genomic inbreeding were obtained with the detectRUNS package of the R software. Genotype frequencies for mendelian disease, fertility and production traits were also obtained. A total of 458,267 ROH were identified and ROH were distributed on all autosomes with an average length of 2,703,811 bp covering 12.7% of the genome. Several genomic regions appear under selection, while a specific region on BTA4 was identified in one herd, harbouring genes mainly related to the specific selection strategy of the farmer. The FROH values obtained considering ROH greater than 16 Mb, varied from 0.004 to 0.325, with the highest FROH average value of 0.136. Among mendelian heritable diseases, the Haplotype Cholesterol Deficiency was the one with the largest proportion of carrier animals, i.e. 5.6%. A herd-tailored process to assist farmers in genomic management of reproduction was released. The ROH distribution within herd, together with the genotype frequencies for disease, fertility and production mendelian traits, suggest that similar directional selection is occurring across herds. This study released to each farmer the genomic make-up of their herd used jointly with the gEBV estimated by their national breeders’ association (ANAFIBJ) for herd reproductive management.
Initial Steps of Newborn Care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

What you will learn:▪ How to perform a rapid evaluation▪ The initial steps of newborn care▪ How to determine if additional steps are required▪ What to do if a baby has persistent cyanosis or labored breathing▪ How to use a pulse oximeter and interpret the results▪ How to give supplemental oxygen▪ When to consider using continuous positive airway pressure▪ What to do when meconium-stained amniotic fluid is present
Expectation of connectedness and cell phone use in crisis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The wide distribution of cell phones with messaging, e-mail, and instant messaging have enabled the emergence of a culture of connectedness among segments of society. One result of this culture is an expectation of availability that exists among members of social networks. This study explores the potential for this expectation to influence perceptions of using Information Communications Technologies (ICT) during and after a crisis. Online survey and follow-up semi-structured interviews were conducted with Virginia Tech (VT) students, faculty and staff to understand whether expectations of connectedness affected their perceptions of their reachability during crises. Participants with higher expectations of connectedness also reported more problems with reachability. Those with the most problems with reachability differed from those with no reachability problems for many variables including satisfaction with cell phone service, age, number of calls/text messages and extroversion. Results suggest that these communities consider planning how to use ICT during emergencies.
A Conspicuous Intoxication in Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) Caused by a Fungicide Containing Iminoctadine Triacetate

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTBACT We showed that an oral administration of a fungicide containing iminoctadine triacetate had a delayed effect on the development of Bombyx mori (L.) larvae. Larvae that ingested a diet with a moderate dose of formulated-iminoctadine triacetate throughout the third instar stage developed to the next (fourth) instar stage; thereafter they stopped growing. Those larvae died finally after prolonged fourth instar duration without molting to the next (fifth) instar stage. Dietary intake of the larvae showing the growth inhibition was significantly lower than that of the control group. Fourth instar larvae were reared with restricted amount of diet that was comparable to that of formulated-iminoctadine-treated specimens. These dietary restricted larvae grew at a slower pace and reached a lower maximum weight than controls; however, they developed to the next (fifth) instar stage. Nevertheless, the weight of which was smaller than the control group. These results suggested that reduced food intake did not cause the failure to molt to fifth instar. In the larvae affected by formulated-iminoctadine, “housekeeping genes” (18S ribosomal RNA, actin 3, elongation factor 2, and nsd-2) were expressed normally. From these results, it is assumed that the formulated-iminoctadine-treated larvae lost the capacity of high assimilatory performance and could not build up their body mass furthermore.
Numerical investigation of the low-velocity impact response of 3D orthogonal woven composite plates with preloads

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Three-dimensional orthogonal woven composites (3DOWCs) offer significant advantages in engineering applications due to their designability for spatial structures and ability to minimize delamination damage. As primary load-bearing structures, 3DOWCs are always in preloading conditions prior to potential low-velocity impact (LVI) events. This paper presents a macro-meso coupled finite element (FE) model for investigating the response of preloaded 3DOWCs subjected to LVI. The accuracy of the proposed numerical model is validated by a comparison with available experimental data in terms of impact performance and damage state. Furthermore, the influence of preload and impactor shape on the LVI performance of 3DOWCs is examined, and detailed analysis is provided regarding the associated damage mechanisms. This study offers a transferable numerical approach that can be applied to studying the coupling problems of LVI and preload in other textile composite structures.
A New Predictive and Prognostic Marker for De Novo AML: Peripheral Blood CD34 (pCD34) Count at Recovery Following Remission Induction (RI) Therapy (Supp. by Ankara University-2003-0809114).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract In EORTC-LCG AML-10 study patients with low CD34 mobilization profile showed a better outcome (Leukemia,2003,17:60-7). We hypothesized that patients with low pCD34 at the recovery period after RI therapy with de novo AML should have a better clinical outcome or vice versa and launched this prospective study. Between Jan 2002 and Oct 2004, 40 patients with AML (median age: 40 yrs, 17–60; 22M/18F) were enrolled to this study. Using flow cytometrical method CD34-expressing cells were measured in peripheral venous blood samples once WBC was between 1x10e9/L to 3x10e9/L at the recovery period after first RI therapy. Results: The median time for estimation of pCD34 was 23 days (7–35) after RI. The pCD34 cell count was lower in patients responding to first RI therapy (12x10e6/L vs 68x10e6/L, p=0.011). We observed a weak, but statistically significant positive correlation between CD34 expression of the blasts at diagnosis and pCD34 at recovery period (p=0.048, r2:0.322). We could not show any significant negative impact of CD34 expression of the blasts at diagnosis and response to first RI (p=0.059). Only two of 8 patients not responding to the 1st RI achieved a complete remission after re-induction. The two-year probability of OS, LFS, relapse incidence and mortality rates were 47.1%, 37.2%, 55% and 42.5%, respectively (fig 1,2). If we set up a cut-off value of 18x10e6/L for pCD34, we did not observe any impact of pCD34 on relapse incidence but the mortality rate was significantly increased in patients with high CD34+ cell count (p=0.025). Conclusion: We were able to show a positive impact of pCD34 estimations after first RI in AML patients on both remission and mortality rate. AML Patients with lower pCD34 after 1st RI tends to have a higher hematological remission rate and lower mortality. This impact of pCD34 as a predictive and prognostic marker in AML should be verified in large cohorts using multivariate analysis. Table 1: Distribution of risk factors at diagnosis according RI response Variables 1stCRafter1stRI (n=32 ) NoCR after 1stRI (n=8 ) P *p<0.05; Abbr: NS: Non-Significant; ND: Not-Done pCD34 (x10e6/L) 12.4 (0–268) 68.6 (4.4–3820) 0.011* CD34 expr at dx 12% (0%–94%) 44% (9–89) 0.059 Age, years 38.5 (17–57) 43 (20–60) NS WBC at dx (x10e9/L) 11.85 (0.7–175.0) 5.10 (2.7–114.7) 0.934 EM involvement (Y/N) 7/25 0/8 NS Table 2: The outcome of AML patients according to median pCD34 at recovery Variables pCD34<Med 18x10e6/kg (n=20 ) pCD34 ≥ Med 18x10.6/kg (n=20) p CR1 (Y/N) after 1st RI 19/1 13/7 0.044* Relapse incidence 44% 54.5% NS Mortality rate 25% 60% 0.025* DFS 46.19%±12.6% 29.2%±10.4 NS OS 64.95%±13.2% 35.6%±11.3 NS Figure Figure
Rapid Osseointegration Bestowed by Carbonate Apatite Coating of Rough Titanium

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Titanium (Ti) implants that realize rapid osseointegration are required for favorable outcomes. Rough implant surfaces favor osseointegration, hence, coating implants with natural bone mineral, i.e., carbonate apatite (CO 3 Ap), may be effective for osseointegration. To achieve rapid osseointegration, rough‐Ti substrates are coated with CO 3 Ap (CO 3 Ap‐Ti) and the effects are evaluated in vitro and in vivo. For comparison, rough‐Ti without coating (rough‐Ti) and calcite‐coated rough‐Ti (calcite‐Ti) substrates are fabricated. The adhesive strengths of calcite and CO 3 Ap to the substrates are ≈56.6 and ≈76.8 MPa, respectively, being significantly higher than the strength defined in ISO13779‐2 (15 MPa). Calcite and CO 3 Ap coatings significantly promote preosteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cell proliferation. Additionally, the CO 3 Ap coating promotes higher osteogenic differentiation activity than the calcite coating. Implantation of CO 3 Ap‐Ti into rabbit tibia defects prompts bone maturation, compared to calcite‐Ti or rough‐Ti implantation. The bone‐implant contact percentage with CO 3 Ap‐Ti and calcite‐Ti is higher than that with rough‐Ti. Consequently, CO 3 Ap‐Ti acquires a robust bond with the host bone at an early stage (4 weeks postimplantation), compared to calcite‐Ti or rough‐Ti: the CO 3 Ap‐Ti–bone bonding strength is ≈1.9‐ and ≈5.5‐fold higher than that of calcite‐Ti and rough‐Ti, respectively. Thus, CO 3 Ap coating of Ti implants effectively achieve rapid osseointegration.
Setting the Habit of Capitalization: The Pedagogy of Earning Power at the Harvard Business School, 1920-1940

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The quandaries of business valuation have marked the pedagogy of business administration since early attempts at institutionalizing the managerial discipline. It is however now commonly admitted, at least in legitimate financial and entrepreneurial circles, that the value of a business (that is, the monetary assessment of a functioning enterprise established in a competitive environment) resides primarily in its earning power or, in other words, that what a business is worth equals its capacity to generate a stream of revenues for the investor or investors that provide it with funding. How did this idea take shape and how did it permeate the business mind? An examination of early pedagogical materials at the Harvard Business School (an influential reference for the socialization of the businessperson) and, in particular, of the vagaries of the idea of capitalization and its exercising in the classroom provides a fine occasion to advance understanding of the meaning of such ideals of business and business value, and of their institutionalization. This empirical study can, in turn, be employed in order to discuss and refine critically our interpretation of what a convention of economic valuation is and how it operates.
Generalized Lipodystrophy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In 1959, three patients with generalized lipodystrophy, increased growth rate and a number of other clinical features were described by one of us (Seip, 1959).The signs of the disease were present from birth, and two of the patients were siblings.The main clinical features of the syndrome were: generalized lipodystrophy, increased growth rate with acromegaloid pattern, large hands and feet, advanced bone age and dental development, muscular hypertrophy, increased muscular glycogen, hepatosplenomegaly (fatty infiltration and slight cirrhotic changes in the liver), cardiomegaly, corneal opacities, skin pigmentation and dry, coarse skin, hypertrichosis, phlebomegaly, and abnormal pneumoencephalogram.In two cases the parents were consanguineous.Two further cases have now been seen at the Paediatric Department, University Hospital, Oslo, making our total number of cases five.Four of the five patients are from the same small area in south- western Norway.Including our cases, a total of eight patients with congenital (or almost certainly congenital) general- ized lipodystrophy have been reported in the litera- ture.Two additional cases are known, but have not been published in detail.Generalized lipoatrophy may also occur as an acquired condition, often combined with diabetes ('lipoatrophic diabetes').The purpose of this report is to present two new cases of this very rare syndrome, and also some new information on our previously described cases.The corticosteroid metabolism in this condition will be discussed in some detail.
Experimental investigation of frequency characteristics of underwater wireless power transfer

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Frequency characteristics of underwater wireless power transfer systems centered at 470 kHz are investigated experimentally. Experimental results show the V-type frequency splitting pattern disappears in seawater and freshwater. When the coil distance is bigger than the 22.5 cm coil diameter (the midrange conception), the eddy current behaves like a relay coil, the load voltage is stable at 6 V in seawater and at 5 V in fresh-water and insensitive to the coil distance while it is decayed exponentially to 0.2 V in air.
Enhancing Sensitivity of Assessment Instruments for Children: Graded Multidimensional Scoring

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A comparison was made between two methods of scoring the Gestural Approach to Thought and Expression (GATE), a communication assessment for young children with visual impairments. The first method was a standard system of “correct” versus “incorrect” for each item. The second method of scoring used was the graded multidimensional scoring system (GMSS). This system provided a graded rating of frequency of response, generalization of response, initiation of response, and fluency of response for each test item. Ten children were administered the GATE as a pretest-posttest measure. When the correct versus incorrect scoring method was used, no significant difference was found between pretest and posttest. When the GMSS was used, significant differences were found for the four factors of frequency, generalization, initiation, and fluency. This suggests that the GMSS is more sensitive to small changes in behavior.
Charged Kaon Femtoscopy with Lévy Sources in sNN = 200 GeV Au+Au Collisions at PHENIX

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The PHENIX experiment measured two-particle Bose–Einstein quantum-statistical correlations of charged kaons in Au+Au collisions at sNN = 200 GeV. The correlation functions are parametrized assuming that the source emitting the particles has a Lévy shape, characterized by the Lévy exponent α and the Lévy scale R. By introducing the intercept parameter λ, we account for the core–halo fraction. The parameters are investigated as a function of transverse mass. The comparison of the parameters measured for kaon–kaon with those measured from pion–pion correlation may clarify the connection of Lévy parameters to physical processes.
Visual outcome following Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy in posterior capsular opacification in pseudophakic adult patients-a prospective observational study in a tertiary care centre

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is caused by proliferation of lens epithelial cells which causes fibrotic changes and wrinkling of the posterior capsule following extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE). It results in decreased vision, glare, and other symptoms mimicking that of original cataract. PCO is treated by a non-invasive procedure, laser capsulotomy i.e. Neodymium yttrium aluminium garnet laser (Nd: YAG). Objective: To find out the visual outcome and complications following Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy. The prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata during March 2014 to August 2015. 60 eyes of 60 consecutive pseudophakic adult patients (age &#62; 40 years) with posterior capsular opacity, who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected in the study. The study had female preponderance (58.3%). Most of the patients (42%) were 61-70 years old. Most of the patients had visual acuity of 6/18 prelaser capsulotomy and 6/9 post laser capsulotomy. 73.37% pre laser capsulotomy patients had visual acuity (VA) of 6/36 or better .91.6% post laser capsulotomy patients had VA of 6/18 or better. The mean pre and post laser capsulotomy visual functional score were 54.45 ±36.44 and 94.16 ± 50.36 respectively. Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy is safe, effective and a rewarding non-invasive procedure for visual improvement in PCO patients.
Self-Structure and the Rhetorics of Social Discourse in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this thesis, I argue that Mark Twain's runaway slave, Jim, displays the characteristics of a brilliant modern rhetor; that is, Jim accounts for the historical and cultural complexities influencing the meaning of the linguistic sign and applies several effective rhetorical strategies based on this knowledge. Significantly, I borrow Toni Morrisons's term "American Africanism" to assert that Jim consciously becomes with or embodies Africanist American stererotypes influencing "white" American racial discourses. In other words, Jim appropriates an ethos consistent with antebellum "white" rhetorics aimed at racial subordination. To explain Jim's ironic decision, I employ Marshall W. Alcorn's theory of self-structure: a theory defined in his article "Self-Structure as a Rhetorical Device: Modern Ethos and the Divisiveness of the Self" and ironically rooted in both sociolinguistic and psycho-analytic philosophies. In the end, this study seeks to identify the technique and trace the influence of social discourses on the self-structure of Huckleberry Finn, and map Huck's moral growth in the context of rhetorical argument.
Operations automatization and digitalization – a research and innovation collaboration in physical warehousing, AS/RS and 3PL logistics context

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The study itself raised interesting point from related literature, as part of the work we found out that there is not that much studied related to ASRs bottlenecks, even when it is quite obvious that nowadays, when international shipment and logistics is more important than ever before as a mean to provide a competitive edge and additional efficiencies to company’s business practices. As researchers and University – Industry collaborators, we would like to give our warmest gratitude for our company partner, for providing us this challenging research case, offering highly valuable support (both in expertise as well as in data from), plus being so open in collaboration and open eyed for new ideas and concept development work.
Kinetic mechanism of the activation of human plasminogen by streptokinase

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Bella Carmelita Carriker complicates the “public” memory of 9/11, recording the long-term violences enacted against low-income communities of color; Supriya Ambwani exposes histories of spatial violence and colonial extraction entangled in the Great Hedge of India; Gealese Peebles traces the historiographic silhouette of Norma Merrick Sklarek to scrutinize architecture’s diversity narratives; and Peter Paul Walhout unsubscribes from the internet-as-utility rhetoric in NYC that has come to stand in for questions of inequality during the COVID-19 pandemic.\n
English Language Teachers’ Perspective of Using L1 in TEFL Class

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The research discussed the using the first language in teaching a foreign language that had been a debate for language teaching practitioners for decades in language acquisition. The debate was about whether it was all right to use it in a foreign language class or not and how it affected the students’ learning process and result. Because of the pro and cons of using the first language in teaching a foreign language, the research was conducted to find out the use of the first language in teaching English as a foreign language. The research aimed to discover to what extent and in which instances L1 was used by the teachers in their English teaching class in terms of the teaching stages, including pre-teaching, whilst-teaching, and post-teaching in the classroom. The research also searched teachers’ perspectives and reasons for using L1 in their English class. Moreover, the research used a qualitative method to gathered information from the participants. The participants were four English teachers who taught English at senior high school in Bandung-West Java province, Majalengka-West Java province, Pangkal Pinang- Bangka Province, and Kuok-Riau Province. The collections of the data were questionnaires and interviews. The findings show that most teachers use Indonesian as L1 in the whilst-teaching stage when they deliver the materials. They use L1 to clarify the students’ understanding of the materials given and explain English language concepts, grammatical concepts, and difficult words. They argue that using L1 helps both teachers and students in teaching and learning English as a foreign language.