jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Detecting Diabetes in Human Body using Different Machine Learning Techniques

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

One of the most widespread and chronic diseases in our world today is diabetes. Human suffers from an increased amount of blood glucose in the body caused due to inadequate insulin production. Early detection of diabetes is thus now become a must to combat and take preventive actions against the potential risks of this disease. In this paper, we present a methodology for the classification of diabetics using different machine learning models (Decision Tree, K-Nearest Neighbors, Naïve Bayes, Random Forest) to analyze diabetes patients and detect diabetes in human bodies. The proposed methodology is evaluated on Diabetes Dataset namely Pima Indians Diabetes (PIMA) Dataset. Initially, we apply the different preprocessing techniques to prepare data for the experiment. The extracted training data are passed through each model. For measuring the performance of the classifiers, we apply the measurements of sensitivity, precision, f1-score, and overall accuracy. However, in the experiment, we see that the Random Forest model is achieved the highest score with an accuracy of 86%. We hope that these classification techniques as per our study can be combined with real-time data with the help of the "Internet of Things" to make real-time devices for health care applications.
A Positive Political Model of Supreme Court Economic Decisions

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We develop a positive political model of the U.S. Supreme Court. Looking at the Court's economic cases for the period 1953‐1993, we find a significant larger fraction of conservative decisions under Republican presidents and more conservative leadership of the House and Senate Judiciary Committees. Conservative decisions are also found to be positively correlated with the fraction of the Court appointed by Republican presidents and the rate of price inflation. We argue that our findings cast serious doubt on the common view of the Supreme Court as a completely independent, apolitical institution.
Polyamine-stimulated growth of cultured rat urinary bladder epithelial cells.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A technique for isolating and establishing long-term cultures of rat urinary bladder epithelium has been devised. Cells isolated and cultured by this method have been grown for 12 weeks without subculturing. Rat bladder epithelial cells require the addition of putrescine, spermine, and spermidine to attain maximum growth and long-term survival. Monolayer cultures have been subcultured and carried through five passages.
Vectorial chemistry in bioenergetics: cytochrome c oxidase as a redox-linked proton pump

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVectorial chemistry in bioenergetics: cytochrome c oxidase as a redox-linked proton pumpBo G. MalmstroemCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1993, 26, 6, 332–338Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00030a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00030a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views185Altmetric-Citations122LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Content-based retrieval of MP3 music objects

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, the searching and indexing techniques for multimedia data are getting more attention in the area of multimedia databases. As many research works were done on the content-based retrieval of image and video data, less attention was received to the content-based retrieval of audio data. In this paper, we propose an approach to retrieve MP3 music objects based on their content. In our approach, the coefficients extracting from the output of the polyphase filters are used to compute the MP3 features for indexing the MP3 objects. We also propose an MP3 similarity measuring function to provide users the ability to approximately retrieve the desired MP3 objects. Experiments are performed and analyzed to show the efficiency and the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The Urological Importance of Radiopaque Appendiceal Concretions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 May 1953The Urological Importance of Radiopaque Appendiceal Concretions George C. Prather, and James A. Singiser George C. PratherGeorge C. Prather More articles by this author , and James A. SingiserJames A. Singiser More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)68135-7AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1953 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 69Issue 5May 1953Page: 714-720 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1953 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information George C. Prather More articles by this author James A. Singiser More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
In a Different Voice? The Stories of Women Heads of Departments

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The chain of events that led to the present study was as follows. The three authors have served as heads of departments, and their personal experiences in this post often gave rise to chance conversations among them as well as with other women about their experiences and feelings regarding the position. They felt a need to discuss, understand, and study the issue in greater depth, while incorporating other women into the process. Their personal motivation and needs led them to a decision to conduct a study dealing with the experiences of women serving as department heads. A participative research approach was chosen, that is, establishing a learning community that would enable them to "wear two hats" — one of researchers and one of study participants. The aim of the present study was to learn about the women's formative experiences as department heads: the impetus for accepting such a post, how they have negotiated the terms of this position and shaped its nature, what challenges and difficulties they have encountered serving in this office, while exploring the connection of these aspects with their gender identities (Gleeson, 2008; Lewis, 2006; Meyerson and Kolb, 2000; Parsons and Priola, 2012). We endeavored to elucidate from the study participants' stories the main and particular features of their managerial voices, including gender overtones as embedded in the organizational culture of the academic world (Martin and Collinson, 2002; Martin, 2001; Townsley, 2003).
[Studies on the relationship between the oxygen uptake and the release of amylase and sialic acid].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The relationship between the oxygen uptake and the release of amylase and sialic acid induced by pilocarpine was investigated in dog submandibular glands. Pilocarpine dose-dependently stimulated the oxygen uptake. The dose required for the maximal response was 10 microM. The release of amylase and sialic acid induced by pilocarpine was inhibited by the addition of iodoacetic acid, malonic acid, 2, 4-dinitrophenol, antimycin A or sodium azide. The oxygen uptake induced by pilocarpine was significantly inhibited by iodoacetic acid, malonic acid, antimycin A or sodium azide. On the other hand, 2, 4-dinitrophenol further stimulated the oxygen uptake by pilocarpine. The increase in the oxygen uptake or the release of amylase and sialic acid induced by pilocarpine was significantly inhibited by ouabain. The Na+, K+-ATPase activity ratio in the microsomal fraction of dog submandibular glands was dose-dependently increased by pilocarpine. The Na+, K+-ATPase activity ratio induced by pilocarpine was significantly inhibited by ouabain, antimycin A, oligomycin or 2, 4-dinitrophenol. The pilocarpine-induced Na+, K+-ATPase activity ratio was significantly inhibited by the removal Ca2+ from the medium or the addition of 2 mM EGTA. These results suggest that the increase in the oxygen uptake by pilocarpine is profoundly involved in the energy supply for the process of amylase and sialic acid release. In particular, the energy supply demanded for the activation of Na+ pump may play a role in the mechanism by which pilocarpine induces the oxygen uptake.
Modern Russian deviantology: history, methodology, social challenges and current trends

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article presents a historical and ontological analysis of modern Russian deviantology as a socially significant interdisciplinary field of knowledge. The scientific and historical context of deviantology is described. The categorical apparatus is justified. The author reveals the attributive signs of deviance and deviant behavior in the paradigm of the integrative-convergent model of interaction between the individual and the environment. The thesis about the formation of deviant identity through selective negative and aggressive identifications with significant parental figures is put forward. The problems of interdisciplinary dissociation and linear functionalism of deviantological knowledge are emphasized. The challenges of the time are described, and the prospects for development are determined.
Perspectives for economic research into sustainable policies

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Sustainability is a highly controversial concept when it comes to policy recommendations. While widespread agreement is possible on the necessity of the sustainable utilisation of environmental resources, there is no consensus on what a sustainable policy actually is. Although any environmental policy issue could illustrate this point, a look back at the general discussion of the possibility of sustainable policies once started by an article of Ludwig et al. (1993) in Science and taken up in a special issue of Ecological Applications will best illuminate the difficulties. It reveals that researchers are rather ambiguous over whether the concept of sustainability yields policy recommendations or not. With respect to resource management, Ludwig et al. (1993) hold that uncertainty is the crucial issue to be addressed and that it necessarily leads to overexploitation. The reason why Ludwig et al. are so frustrated by natural resource management is exemplified by the California sardine and the Peruvian anchoveta (see Ludwig et al. 1993: 17). The California sardine was overexploited despite warnings from the California Division of Fish and Game. The fishing industry countered these warnings with scientific statements which claimed that a pelagic species1 could not possibly be overexploited. There is as yet no consensus. The Peruvian anchoveta became a major source of fish meal for cattle feed once the Pacific sardine collapsed. The yields decreased rapidly from 10 million metric tons to zero within just a few years. General agreement on the causes of collapse has not been reached.
The Public Health Gains Had Cigarette Companies Chosen to Sell Very Low Nicotine Cigarettes

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has proposed lowering the nicotine content of cigarettes to a minimally addictive level to increase smoking cessation and reduce initiation. This study has two aims: (1) to determine when cigarette manufacturers had the technical capability to reduce cigarette nicotine content and (2) to estimate the lost public health benefits of implementing a standard in 1965, 1975, or 1985. Methods To determine the technical capability of cigarette companies, we reviewed public patents and internal cigarette company business records using the Truth Tobacco Industry Documents. To evaluate the impact of a very low nicotine content cigarette (VLNC) standard on smoking attributable deaths (SADs) and life-years lost (LYLs), we applied a validated (CISNET) model that uses past smoking data, along with estimates of the potential impact of VLNCs derived from expert elicitation. Results Cigarette manufacturers recognized that cigarettes were deadly and addictive before 1964. Manufacturers have had the technical capability to lower cigarette nicotine content for decades. Our model projected that a standard implemented in 1965 could have averted 21 million SADs (54% reduction) and 272 million LYLs (64% reduction) from 1965 to 2064, a standard implemented in 1975 could have averted 18.9 million SADs and 245.4 million LYLs from 1975 to 2074, and a standard implemented in 1985 could have averted 16.3 million SADs and 211.5 million LYLs from 1985 to 2084. Conclusions Millions of premature deaths could have been averted if companies had only sold VLNCs decades ago. FDA should act immediately to implement a VLNC standard. Implications Prior research has shown that a mandated reduction in the nicotine content of cigarettes could reduce the prevalence of smoking and improve public health. Here we report that cigarette manufacturers have had the ability to voluntarily implement such a standard for decades. We use a well-validated model to demonstrate that millions of smoking attributable deaths and life-years lost would have been averted if the industry had implemented such a standard.
Clinical Reasoning: A 12-year-old boy with ascending weakness

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 12-year-old boy presented with 3 weeks of calf pain, tripping, and progressive inability to walk. The onset was preceded by a sore throat 4 weeks prior, but no recent immunizations and no sick contacts. He began having problems "catching his toes" for 2 weeks. He had no visual complaints and no bowel or bladder incontinence. He had no recent travel and there were no heavy metal or solvent exposures. He had no prior medical history and he was on no prescription medications. Developmentally, he was on track and had just successfully completed fifth grade. However, he was reported to be behaviorally oppositional, especially regarding his diet which was restricted to beef jerky, yogurt from a squeeze tube, and fruit drinks. Family history included diabetic peripheral neuropathy in his mother, idiopathic peripheral neuropathy in his maternal grandfather, and left lower extremity neuropathy from trauma in his father. There was no known family history of recurrent pressure palsies or cardiac problems.
Validation and Cultural Adaptation of Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue (EMIC) in Assessing Stigma among Recovered Patients with COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Stigma is a negative feeling affecting many patients with various health conditions, especially the contagious ones such as COVID-19. The Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue (EMIC) is one of the valid and reliable stigma-measuring tools; however, it has not been translated and validated in Arabic. Therefore, the aim of this study was to translate and validate the EMIC in Arabic among a sample of Arabic-speaking adults who recently recovered from COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. The 12 items of the EMIC scale were forward- and backward-translated and reviewed by all authors to check the face and content validity prior to approving the final version of the Arabic 12-item EMIC. A total of 174 participants aged ≥18 years who contracted COVID-19 and recovered as of 29 July 2020 were interviewed. The Cronbach’s alpha of the Arabic version of the 12-item EMIC was 0.79, indicating an acceptable level of internal consistency. Using principal component analysis with varimax rotation, two factors explained more than 60% of the variance of the translated EMIC scale. The mean EMIC score was 5.91, implying a low level of stigma among participants. Married participants (β = 2.93; 95%CI 0.88 to 4.98, p = 0.005) and those with a family history of mental illness (β = 2.38; 95%CI 0.29 to 4.46, p = 0.025) were more likely to have higher EMIC scores in comparison to their counterparts who were unmarried and had no family history of mental illness. On the contrary, older adults were less likely to have high EMIC scores (β = −0.11; 95%CI −0.21 to −0.01, p = 0.03). Future studies with larger samples of patients with COVID-19 and various health conditions should be conducted to examine the validity and reliability of the Arabic version of the EMIC among different patient populations and to unveil the factors that may play a role in patients’ feelings of stigmatization in this part of the world.
Cognitive complexity and performance in professional accounting examinations

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The Accounting Education Change Commision states that accounting graduates should have the ability to solve unstructured problems in unfamiliar settings as an intellectual skill. According to cognitive theory, people with relatively high levels of cognitive complexity, are not significantly better at solving better at solving problems in unstructured situations than people with low levels of cognitive complexity, but are not significantly better in structured situations. This study replicates the findings of previous studies in the accounting area that tested this theory. Two extensions are made in the current study: first, cognitive complexity is measured by an instrument designed specifically for accountants; second, the examination considered is intended to asses both candidates' accounting knowledge and their ability to solve unstructured questions. In Canada, the Uniform Final Examination (UFE), the final examination that must be passed for candidates to become Chartered Accountants (CA), includes both structured and unstructured questions. Findings are consistent with those of the previous studies: marks received on unstructured questions are related to candidates' level of cognitive complexity as measured by the ACCT instrument but marks received on structured questions are not significantly related to candidates' level of cognitive complexity.
Exploration of natural dyes as alternative substitutes of synthetic dyes on batik making fabrics

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Business batik developing after recognition UNESCO 2009 batik as cultural heritage. World batik summit 2011 in jakarta declare batik industry indonesia should be based on natural protection, environment, and research provision of traditional dye natural. The data from the ministry industry 2015 there is 47.755 unit hpi batik, labor 199.444 people. Suppliers batik 25 % origin Jogja, other Solo and Pekalongan, most wearing dye synthesis, causes pollution of the environment and dangerous. Research objectives the knowledge of the and direction color / different color inflicted a natural dye indigofera, jalawe and higher in with the fixation alum, lime and tunjung. Uses experimental methods making dyes natural material herbs leaves indigofera, bark jalawe and wood higher in. Making the color of indigofera by fermentation, jalawe material and higher in with the process of extracting. The staining with dipped in solution dye, dried and repeating 3 times. Then the process fixation 15 minutes in fiksator alum (70g / l), lime (50g / l) and tunjung (50g / l), and dried in place has direct sunlight. The observation visually and testing different colors wearing spectropothometer uv-vis 2401.The results showed type and the color berbeda-beda, jalawe produces a light brown fixation to after dark brown, high produces a reddish brown discoloration towards dark brown. While indigo produce blue if fixation alum, lime and with tunjung the dark blue. Strong weak color produced depending on the type of nature, the fixation, the number and long immersion cloth.
Observations from a student exchange programme: UK and Sweden prehospital care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

As part of the prehospital unscheduled and emergency care course at the University of Worcester, the authors were selected to take part in an exchange programme arranged between the University of Worcester, England and Halmstad University in Sweden. The exchange took place in January 2011 and lasted two weeks, during which time the authors were based with the Halland Regional Ambulance Service. Halland is a county on the west coast of Sweden, directly south of Gothenburg. It has an area of approximately 2100 square miles or around the same size as Devon. The total population, however, is just over 299 000 ( Statistics Sweden, 2010 ), making the total population density slightly less than half that of Devon. The county is divided into six regions, each centred on a town of the same name ( Statistics Sweden, 2010 ) and in which the ambulance stations are located. During the programme, the authors were based in the town of Varberg and attended incidents as supernumerary crew members. They were also permitted to treat patients, provided this did not exceed levels of competency, complied with local protocols, and was agreed by the responsible clinician. During the visit, observations were made regarding all aspects of ambulance operations. The majority of practice was found to be very similar to the UK, however, a number of important differences were found and these are analysed and contrasted with UK practice. The authors would like to thank the staff and management of the Halland ambulance service for their hospitality, warm welcome and for their generosity in passing on their knowledge. They would also like to thank the staff of the universities of Worcester and Halmstad, without whom the exchange would not have taken place.
The Relationship Between Personal Experience of the Artist and the Style of the Art --Taking Yayoi Kusama as an Example

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract: Yayoi Kusama plays a significant role in contemporary art history, having navigated the Western-dominated art world and challenged the authority of the male-dominated art scene through her work. This essay will try to analyze Kusamas artwork, examining how her creations can be viewed as a form of therapy that heals her inner world, using the methodology outlined in the book Art as Therapy. This paper presents the personal experiences of Yayoi Kusama and tries to illustrate how her life has influenced the way she creates art, which conveys her internal energy and her way of communicating with the world. Kusamas life experiences became one of the elements of her works, with her difficult past fueling a deep yearning for love and hope. Thus, her works were constituted by her life experiences.