jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of power optimal PLL design using five-stage CS-VCO in 180nm

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the design of PLL (Phase Locked Loop) using PFD (Phase Frequency Detector) based on 22 transistors TSPC (True Single Phase Clock) D-FF (Flip Flop), Tri-state charge pump (CP), passive loop filter of first order and five- stage CS-VCO (Current Starved VCO) circuit. In such design, large VCO gain with increased lock range from (357MHz-900MHz) and reduced lock time is achieved using first order passive lag loop filter. The oscillation frequency range (431.683 MHz-1.7966 GHz) for VCO is increased due to reduced number of inverter stages and power dissipated by overall PLL is getting improved (7.08mW) with less design cost. Area occupied by such PLL is also reduced. This reduction in area and power is achieved with the help of five-stage CS-VCO instead of LC-Tank VCO and five-stage multiple pass ring VCO [8],[12]. The prototype is simulated using 0.18um CMOS technology with supply voltage of 1.8V. In such context the lock time of 54ns is achieved by properly selecting the design parameters for low pass filter (R and C) with reasonable damping factor (ζ=0.7).
Linking ice and gas in the Coronet cluster in Corona Australis

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

During the journey from the cloud to the disc, the chemical composition of the protostellar envelope material can be either preserved or processed to varying degrees depending on the surrounding physical environment. This works aims to constrain the interplay of solid (ice) and gaseous methanol (CH$_3$OH) in the outer regions of protostellar envelopes located in the Coronet cluster in Corona Australis (CrA), and assess the importance of irradiation by the Herbig Ae/Be star R CrA. CH$_3$OH is a prime test-case as it predominantly forms as a consequence of the solid-gas interplay (hydrogenation of condensed CO molecules onto the grain surfaces) and it plays an important role in future complex molecular processing. We present 1.3 mm Submillimeter Array (SMA) and Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX) observations towards the envelopes of four low-mass protostars in the Coronet. Eighteen molecular transitions of seven species are identified. We calculate CH$_3$OH gas-to-ice ratios in this strongly irradiated cluster and compare them with ratios determined towards protostars located in less irradiated regions such as the Serpens SVS 4 cluster in Serpens Main and the Barnard 35A cloud in the $λ$ Orionis region. The CH$_3$OH gas-to-ice ratios in the Coronet vary by one order of magnitude (from 1.2$\times$10$^{-4}$ to 3.1$\times$10$^{-3}$) which is similar to less irradiated regions as found in previous studies. We find that the CH$_3$OH gas-to-ice ratios estimated in these three regions are remarkably similar despite the different UV radiation field intensities and formation histories. This result suggests that the overall CH$_3$OH chemistry in the outer regions of low-mass envelopes is relatively independent of variations in the physical conditions and hence that it is set during the prestellar stage.
Translators as agents of lexical transfer: evidence from the standardization of curacaoan papiamentu

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Aquest treball investiga si els traductors professionals de papiament de Curacao actuen com a agents de transferencia lexica i tambe si ho fan d'una manera servil. La recerca adopta un enfocament de metodes mixts que es triangulen. L'aspecte quantitatiu de la mateixa es desenvolupa en base la resposta del questionari d'una mostra de 205 traductors i no traductors. L'aspecte qualitatiu es basa en una pregunta oberta en el questionari, una mostra de tres entrevistes planificadors linguistics governamentals i en una seleccio de textos en apapiamento (no)traduits. Els resultats mostren que els traductors fan mes transferencies lexiques que els no traductors, i que el prestigi del llenguatge, la sensibilitat amb el text, l'estabilitat laboral, l'experiencia professional i la formacio formal juguen un paper important en aixo. A mes, en ultima instancia, son els planificadors linguistics els que accepten o rebutgen per consens l'admissio formal de tots els elements lexics al papiament. Pero en general, la transferencia lexica d’angles a papiament implica una participacio activa i agencia del traductor que es passa per alt i que no reflecteix una actitud servil.
[The current state of the surgery of portal hypertension].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Surgery for bleeding portal hypertension has evolved widely in the last decades. The surgical procedures that preserve portal blood flow are the first operative choice for well selected patients. Operative procedures that deprive the portal blood flow to the liver, are most likely to promote deterioration of liver function in the late postoperative period. The operation most frequently performed are the selective shunts (Warren) and the thoraco abdominal devascularization (Sugiura). The best results are obtained in patients with a good liver function that are operated in an elective fashion. Non-selective shunts have a restricted indication and low diameter porto systemic shunts are still under evaluation. The combination of drug therapy and/or sclerotherapy with surgery appears to improve survival. Liver transplants are indicated for those patients with associated liver failure. For patients with good liver function, surgery is the therapy of choice.
Overcoming Obstacles To Agricultural Microfinance in Southeast Asia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper provides an overview of some of the main obstacles to agricultural microfinance and draws attention to certain issues to consider in crafting a strategy to overcome perceived obstacles. At the onset, it is good to delimit the discussion into the financing problem faced by smallholder agriculture, more particularly rural farming households. This is because there is very limited formal lending to smallholder agriculture while commercial agriculture is able to tap commercial loans from both private commercial banks and government banks.
Development of Proteomic Models for Serum Glucose Changes of Malignant Tumor Patients after Chemotherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:By SELDI-TOF-MS,the serum proteomic fingerprints related to serum glucose changes of malignant tumor patients after chemotherapy was selected and constructed for a proteomic model.Method:By surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(SELDI-TOF-MS),the serum of 197 malignant tumor patients with chemotherapy were tested,and the proteomic fingerprints were received.After 2 years follow-up,all the patients were divided into 3 groups:the euglycemia group(171 individuals),the carbohydrate tolerance abnormality group(16 individuals),and the diabetes mellitus group(10 individuals).The proteomic fingerprints were analyzed by Biomarker Wizard Software and the idio-proteomic fingerprint of models were constructed by biomarker pattern software(BPS).Results:The model composed with 2 proteins(M/Z values were 4276 and 4662)could classify the carbohydrate tolerance abnormality group,and the diabetes mellitus group correctly.In the test model,the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy were 70%,81.25%and 76.92%.The diagnosis model composed with 3 proteins(M/Z values were 2818,7535 and 2633)could classify the diabetes mellitus group and the euglycemia group correctly.In the test model,the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy were 80%, 79.53%and 82.32%.The diagnosis model composed with 7 proteins(M/Z values were 2818,7744,3187,2564,4175,5165 and 3374) could classify the diabetes mellitus group and the carbohydrate tolerance abnormality group correctly.In the test model,the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 87.5%,87.72%and 88.77%.Conclusions:SELDI-TOF-MS could be utilized to analyze protein profiling in screening serum glucose changing-related biomarkers and developing patterns.The proteomic fingerprints whose M/Z were 4175,4276, 4086,3158,3374,3316,2044,3441,4662 and 4290 can be regarded as the prediction marker of diabetes mellitus after application of chemotherapy;the proteomic fingerprints whose M/Z were 2818,3374,3352,4276,2932,8817,4070,3187,7535 and 15525 can be regarded as the prediction marker of carbohydrate tolerance abnormality after application of chemotherapy;the proteomic fingerprints whose M/Z were 6021,3187,2818,2932,3273,4070,7916,8817,8057 and 4387 can be regarded as the prediction marker of euglycemia after application of chemotherapy;which provide scientific evidence for prevention and treatment of the adverse reaction after application of chemotherapy.
The effects of imagery and visual feedback on the reestablishment of symmetrical postural stability in hemiplegic patients

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study examined the effectiveness of mental imagery compared to visual feedback of postural sway in reestablishing symmetrical stance stability in hemiplegic patients. Thirty second measurements of stance symmetry were accomplished . through the use of a computerized standing forceplate. This forceplate also has the capacity to provide continuous feedback of changes in weight distribution during a 30 second trial. The imagery technique used was based on the assumptions of ideokinetic facilitation (Sweigard, 1974).\nTwenty hemiplegic patients (a year or more post-stroke) were randomly, and equally distributed to one of the two groups; the Imagery Group, to test the effects of imagery, or the Visual Feedback Group, to test the effects of visual feedback from a forceplate. Each individual participated in the study for 5 consecutive days. On each of these days, 30 second pre-and post-test measures were taken. A quasi experimental design was used, with the first test on day 1 serving as each subject's control.\nA three-way ANOVA with two repeated factors was used to test the effects of imagery and visual feedback on the ability of stroke patients to center themselves over their base-of-support. The independent variables were: group, day, and test. The dependent variables were: lateral stance symmetry, anterior- posterior symmetry, and sway .\nThe hypothesis was that imagery would be significantly more effective than feedback from a forceplate for reestablishing lateral stance symmetry. The results, in fact, showed that both groups demonstrated equal ability in reestablishing lateral symmetry. The ANOVA also showed that although the Imagery Group took longer to reestablish symmetry, they may prove to be more symmetrical over time. A longer study is needed to establish this. For anterior-posterior distribution, a curious difference between the groups was noted. The Imagery Group showed a strong shift from an anterior to a posterior weight distribution over the course of the experiment. A posterior shift is seen in individuals when they are able to effectively use imagery. This seems to indicate that as an individual increases in their ability to use imagery they are able to regain control in the motor task of stance symmetry.\nIt is encouraging to note that individuals in both groups showed a significant degree of learning over the course of this experiment. This would indicate that an individual, one year or more post-stroke still has the possibility to improve their lateral symmetrical postural stability, and functional abilities thereby enhancing their quality of life through additional rehabilitative techniques of Imagery and Visual Feedback from a forceplate. Further studies are needed to explore these techniques and their effects in changing functional gait patterns, and quality of movement for other activities of daily living.
Study 3 (Puckett, Vowell, & Story): Trials with a New Experimental Herbicide, Rimsulfuron,\nfor Dark-Fired Tobacco

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

There is a need for a post-emergence herbicide in tobacco that controls broadleaves. This research tested experimental rimsulfuron with broadleaf activity that includes post-emergence treatments. The pre-emergence herbicide treatments were applied June 11, 2012 and the postemergence herbicide treatments were applied July 16, 2012. The herbicide treatments were: Treatment #1 was 0.027 lb carfentrazone per acre and 0.246 lb. sulfentrazone per acre both applied pre-emergence; Treatment #2 was 0.027 lb carfentrazone per acre, 0.246 lb. sulfentrazone per acre, and 0.75 lb. clomazone per acre all applied pre-emergence; Treatment #3 was 0.027 lb carfentrazone per acre, 0.246 lb. sulfentrazone per acre, and 0.0156 lb of rimsulfuron per acre all applied pre-emergence; Treatment #4 was 0.027 lb carfentrazone per acre, 0.246 lb. sulfentrazone per acre, and 0.03125 lbs of rimsulfuron per acre all applied preemergence; Treatment #5 was 0.027 lb carfentrazone per acre and 0.246 lb. sulfentrazone per acre both applied pre-emergence, plus a post-emergence application of 0.0156 lbs of rimsulfuron per acre with 0.25% (v/v) of non-ionic surfactant; Treatment #6 was 0.027 lb carfentrazone per acre and 0.246 lb. sulfentrazone per acre both applied pre-emergence, plus a post-emergence application of 0.03125 lbs of rimsulfuron per acre with 0.25% (v/v) of non-ionic surfactant; Treatment #7 was a control with no herbicides applied. The tobacco was set June 12-13, 2012 with the variety PD 7309LC. Data collected included two crop injury ratings, three weed control ratings, and yield. Tobacco was harvested on October 15, 2012. All data was statistically reported after stripping.
PEIRCE, MEAD, AND THE OBJECTIVITY OF MEANING

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper shows parallelisms between the philosophies of George H. Mead and Charles S. Peirce. Because they both view cognition from the social realist's perspective, they independently developed equivalent triadic theories of meaning. It is further argued that their pragmatic account of meaning logically leads to belief in the objectivity and communality of truth and scientific knowledge. This reveals their opposition to the nominalistic and individualistic view of truth and knowledge sometimes embraced in contemporary sociology of knowledge.
A Disconfirmation of the Relationship between Fear of Public Speaking and Irrational Beliefs

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Fear of public speaking is associated with the personality variable of trait anxiety. Trait anxiety is also associated with irrational beliefs. Therapies designed to modify irrational beliefs have been successful in reducing fear about speaking and support the hypothesis that fear about speech is mediated by irrational beliefs. However, the present study showed that only one of 10 irrational beliefs, Demand for Approval, is positively correlated with fear about speaking. Demand for Approval scores were not statistically different for groups reporting high and low fear. The implications of the negative findings are discussed regarding cognitive processes and cognitive modification of fear about public speaking.
Stability and Change in the Political Blogosphere in the 2008 Election: An Institutional Approach

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper presents the first round of findings from a new dataset, the Blogosphere Authority Index (BAI). Building off of the agenda set out in Understanding Blogspace (Karpf 2008b), the paper treats elite political blogs as quasi- interest groups, gathering places for online communities-of-interest and asks how the increased traffic and heightened attention of the 2008 campaign season affected the institutional development of these new internet-mediated organizational forms. Three core questions are explored: (1) how much stability is there in the relative influence of these blogs? Does the #1 blog during offyear elections remain #1 during the heightened attention of the presidential election season? (2) How have conservative community blogs in particular fared during the election cycle? The community blog format is particularly useful for converting blog discussion into collective action, and progressive bloggers have a demonstrated edge in this type of blog. Has the 2008 election cycle led to an increase in conservative community blogs' sphere of influence? (3) Do progressive blogs or conservative blogs gain relatively more traffic during the election season? Previous research (Karpf 2008a) demonstrates a small advantage for the political left. Has this advantage increased, diminished, or remained unchanged? Drawing upon a set of weekly and monthly BAI rankings, the paper demonstrates that the system is indeed quite stable, supporting Hindman's (2008) suggestion about the stability of website rankings. It finds that the gap between the political left and political right has substantially grown since 2007, and also finds that conservative community blogs have entered a surprising downward spiral. The paper ends by discussing avenues for future research on the blogosphere and internet-mediated organizational forms. '
~Read !Book Iran - Culture Smart!: The Essential Guide to Customs & Culture *Full Online

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

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Contribution in production of racemes of castor oil intercropping with food crops

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Recebido em 12 02 2013 e Aceito em 28 05 2013 Pos-Graduacao em Fitotecnia, UFC, Campis Pici, Fortaleza, CE E-mail : eng-francelino@hotmail.com Prof. Adjunto, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientais e Tecnologicas, UFERSA, Mossoro, RN E-mail : thikaoamigao@bol.com.br Revista Verde (Mossoro – RN BRASIL), v. 7, n. 2, p.114-124, abr-jun, 2013 Contribuicao dos racemos na producao de mamoneira em consorcios com culturas alimenticias
“I Stood By and Watched”: An Autoethnography of Stakeholder Participation in a Living Lab

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

<p>An emerging and innovative way of organizing projects in health technology and innovation is the so-called "living lab". Because of their characteristics, living labs may provide a solution to a very old problem: How to facilitate the meaningful participation of stakeholders in science and technology? In this article, I (we use a first-person perspective in the paper) aim to contribute to the literature by providing an account of my experiences as a participation researcher with stakeholder participation in a living lab in the Netherlands. I participated in a yearlong project on ensuring freedom for residents in a closed psychogeriatric ward. Using three key moments from that experience, I illustrate why participation was the intention, but was harder to achieve in practice. Participation processes and living labs are situated in specific social and physical contexts. I discuss the "situatedness" of living labs and propose to reconceptualize them as "situated practices": The value of a living lab lies in the processes of work it conducts on specific innovations situated in its local context. A key conclusion is that providing narrative descriptions of living lab projects, with attention to situatedness and stakeholder participation, can provide invaluable examples, insights, and inspirations for other researchers in the field.</p>
Communication: One size fits all: Equilibrating chemically different polymer liquids through universal long-wavelength description

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Mesoscale behavior of polymers is frequently described by universal laws. This physical property motivates us to propose a new modeling concept, grouping polymers into classes with a common long-wavelength representation. In the same class, samples of different materials can be generated from this representation, encoded in a single library system. We focus on homopolymer melts, grouped according to the invariant degree of polymerization. They are described with a bead-spring model, varying chain stiffness and density to mimic chemical diversity. In a renormalization group-like fashion, library samples provide a universal blob-based description, hierarchically backmapped to create configurations of other class-members. Thus, large systems with experimentally relevant invariant degree of polymerizations (so far accessible only on very coarse-grained level) can be microscopically described. Equilibration is verified comparing conformations and melt structure with smaller scale conventional simulations.
Pathogenesis of Rinderpest Virus Infection in Rabbits I. Clinical Signs, Immune Response, Histological Changes, and Virus Growth Patterns

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Rabbits were intravenously inoculated with an attenuated rinderpest virus (L strain), and general patterns of the disease were investigated. The rabbits developed fever with concomitant occurrence of diarrhea and lymphopenia. Early production of interferon was followed by a rise of neutralizing antibody. Histological examinations revealed an involvement of all of the lymphoid tissues, with primary lesions consisting of necrosis of the lymphoid follicles and formation of giant cells. Immunofluorescent examinations suggested that the virus growth was present in almost all of the lymphoid tissues. The possibility of application of this experimental system for the study of systemic infection by measles virus was discussed.
OpEnHiMR: Optimization Based Ensemble Model for Prediction of Histone Modifications in Rice

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Version 0.1.1Description The comprehensive knowledge of epigenetic modifications in plants, encompassing histone modifications in regulating gene expression, is not completely ingrained.It is noteworthy that histone deacetylation and histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) play a role in repressing transcription in eukaryotes.In contrast, histone acetylation (H3K9ac) and H3K4me3 have been inevitably linked to the stimulation of gene expression, which significantly influences plant development and plays a role in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.To our knowledge this the first multiclass classifier for predicting histone modification in plants.