jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Scalable industrial manufacturing of DEAP

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Dielectric Electro-Active Polymer (DEAP) technology has reached a level of maturity that makes it possible to fabricate
reliable devices, which can be implemented in various industrial applications. Danfoss PolyPower has established
scalable industrial manufacturing processes to enable commercialization of PolyPower film and actuators. The new
series of DEAP actuators is based on the design of core-free rolled push actuators or folded pull actuators, by rolling or
folding of long length of electro active material. The manufacturing processes involve roll-to-roll coating of elastomer
mixtures to form endless micro-structured elastomer film/web, roll-to-roll vacuum deposition (PVD) of electrode
material onto the micro-structured elastomer film, and roll-to-roll lamination and winding of tailored Pull and Push
DEAP elements, also called InLastor. The paper will describe the processing steps and the scalable pilot production set
up having capability of manufacturing kilometres of DEAP material per week.
Corrigendum to: New methods for interpretation of magnetic vector and gradient tensor data I: eigenvector analysis and the normalised source strength

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Acquisition of magnetic gradient tensor data is likely to become routine in the near future. New methods for inverting gradient tensor surveys to obtain source parameters have been developed for several elementary, but useful, models. These include point dipole (sphere), vertical line of dipoles (narrow vertical pipe), line of dipoles (horizontal cylinder), thin dipping sheet, and contact models. A key simplification is the use of eigenvalues and associated eigenvectors of the tensor. The normalised source strength (NSS), calculated from the eigenvalues, is a particularly useful rotational invariant that peaks directly over 3D compact sources, 2D compact sources, thin sheets and contacts, and is independent of magnetisation direction. In combination the NSS and its vector gradient determine source locations uniquely. NSS analysis can be extended to other useful models, such as vertical pipes, by calculating eigenvalues of the vertical derivative of the gradient tensor. Inversion based on the vector gradient of the NSS over the Tallawang magnetite deposit obtained good agreement between the inferred geometry of the tabular magnetite skarn body and drill hole intersections. Besides the geological applications, the algorithms for the dipole model are readily applicable to the detection, location and characterisation (DLC) of magnetic objects, such as naval mines, unexploded ordnance, shipwrecks, archaeological artefacts, and buried drums.
Toward an Agent-Centered Theory of Voluntariness

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The concept of voluntariness is central to informed consent and personal autonomy, yet it has been underexplored by bioethicists. There are various theories intended to explain voluntary choice and action. None is fully agent-centered, in the sense that the conceptualization of voluntariness takes into account the agent’s views of her decisions and actions. An agent-centered theory of voluntariness would promote analytical precision, and foster autonomy in healthcare and research practices. According to the most influential bioethical theory of voluntariness, here called the Voluntariness as Control theory, an action is non-voluntary if the agent is controlled by external influences. The theory is critically discussed from an agent-centered perspective, and a new conceptualization of voluntariness is proposed.
Facilitating aircraft optimal control based on numerical nonlinear dynamic inversion

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper investigates a novel method for high fidelity aircraft trajectory optimization based on numeric nonlinear dynamic inversion (NDI). The problem formulation exploits the fact that NDI yields a nonlinear feedback strategy such that the resulting closed loop dynamics show a linear input-output relation. By means of linear reference models for the different dynamic levels of the aircraft dynamics we are then free to choose the aircraft's dynamic behavior within the physical limits. Due to the reduced nonlinearity when choosing linear reference models, the solution of the direct optimal control problem is facilitated compared to the fully nonlinear case. The main contribution of this paper is a constraint formulation suitable for optimal control problem problems, which inverts the dynamic equations numerically. This fact makes the approach not specific to certain model equations but applicable for a wide class of aircraft dynamics. The approach is illustrated by the trajectory optimization for an air race track utilizing a highly agile aircraft model. For this example we use the fully nonlinear rigid body aircraft model including second order actuator dynamics for the primary control surfaces. The approach show good performance and despite the altered model dynamics the numeric NDI assisted controller yields close to optimal lap times compared to the direct solution of the optimal control problem.
A Comparison between LTT and CFSE Proliferation Tests in Patients with Inborn Errors of Adaptive Immunity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) include immunodeficiencies affecting cellular and humoral immunity. Objectives: We aimed to compare the effectiveness of the LTT and carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) assays in assessing lymphocyte proliferation in IEI patients. Methods: We utilized radioactive [3H]-thymidine and non-radioactive CFSE to measure lymphocyte proliferation in three distinct groups: syndromic CID (SyCID), non-syndromic combined immunodeficiency (N-SyCID), and primary antibody deficiency (PAD). Results: LTT identified 8 cases of abnormal lymphocyte proliferation among all patients, whereas CFSE detected 23 cases. In the N-SyCID group, LTT identified more abnormalities than CFSE, whereas, in the SyCID and PAD groups, CFSE detected more defects. Two patients with ataxia telangiectasia and CVID had positive results on both LTT and CFSE tests, and a specific ORAI1 gene mutation resulted in differing test outcomes. Conclusion: It was found that the CFSE method is a reliable and practical choice for measuring mitogenic T-cell responses in unclassified IEI patients for confirmation of immunologic diagnosis.
Disciplinary complaints concerning transgressive behaviour by healthcare professionals: an analysis of 5 years jurisprudence in the Netherlands

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives To study the frequency of observed cases of disciplinary law complaints concerning transgressive behaviour in Dutch healthcare by analysing disciplinary cases handled in Dutch disciplinary law. Design Retrospective review of complaints in the Dutch disciplinary law tribunals from the period 1 January 2015 to 1 January 2020. Setting Dutch healthcare. Method Descriptive retrospective study. All judgements at regional disciplinary tribunals in the first instance from the period 1 January 2015 to 1 January 2020 concerning transgressive behaviour were investigated. The following was studied: year of judgement, number and nature of complaints, type of complainants, profession of defendant. Results Over the study period, 139 complaints about transgressive behaviour were handled, 90 of which involved sexual behaviour. 66/139 complaints were submitted by patients themselves (47.5%). Most complaints were directed against physicians (44.6%; n=62), followed by nurses (30.2%; n=42), psychologists (11.5%; n=16) and physiotherapists (7.9%; n=11). 80.6% of the complaints were directed against a male healthcare professional (OR 4.25; 95% CI 1.7590 to 10.2685; p=0.0013). 104/139 of the complaints originated from an outpatient work setting and about half of the complaints originated from mental healthcare. Of the 90 disciplinary cases in which the complaint was related to sexually transgressive behaviour, 83.3% (n=75) were ruled to be substantiated (5 of which partially) with a measure imposed in all cases: 6 formal warnings (8%), 11 reprimands (14.7%), 10 denials (partial suspension) (13.3%), 26 temporary suspensions (34.7%) and 22 cancellations of the licence to practice (29.3%). Conclusion This study describes jurisprudence of disciplinary cases about transgressive behaviour of healthcare professionals in the Netherlands. The results of this study can be used to monitor trends in observed cases of transgressive behaviour.
Bilateral simultaneous acute angle closure glaucoma triggered by an over-the-counter cold and influenza medication

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A woman in her mid-60s who is a high hypermetrope presented with bilateral eye pain and headache approximately 1 hour after taking a single dose of a widely available decongestant containing paracetamol, guaifenesin and phenylephrine hydrochloride for coryzal symptoms. She had previous successful bilateral peripheral iridotomies performed for narrow angles. At presentation, her intraocular pressures (IOPs) were significantly raised at 72 mm Hg and 66 mm Hg in the right and left eye, respectively, with bilateral corneal oedema. Her IOP was normalised with urgent treatment using 500 mg intravenous acetazolamide, pilocarpine 2%, dexamethasone 0.1% and IOP-lowering drops. She was listed for cataract surgery and was advised to avoid the precipitating agent and other over-the-counter decongestants. This is the first reported case of bilateral angle closure triggered by a decongestant with such a combination of ingredients. Clinicians should be aware of this rare side effect for prompt diagnosis and management.
A time-varying bivariate copula joint model for longitudinal and time-to-event data

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A time-varying bivariate copula joint model, which models the repeatedly measured longitudinal outcome at each time point and the survival data jointly by both the random effects and time-varying bivariate copulas, is proposed in this paper. A regular joint model normally supposes there exist subject-specific latent random effects or classes shared by the longitudinal and time-to-event processes and the two processes are conditionally independent given these latent variables. Under this assumption, the joint likelihood of the two processes is straightforward to derive and their association, as well as heterogeneity among the population, are naturally introduced by the unobservable latent variables. However, because of the unobservable nature of these latent variables, the conditional independence assumption is difficult to verify. Therefore, besides the random effects, a time-varying bivariate copula is introduced to account for the extra time-dependent association between the two processes. The proposed model includes a regular joint model as a special case under some copulas. Simulation studies indicates the parameter estimators in the proposed model are robust against copula misspecification and it has superior performance in predicting survival probabilities compared to the regular joint model. A real data application on the Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) data is performed.
Pathology of Culture-Proven JK Corynebacterium Pneumonia: An Autopsy Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The first description of the pathologic characteristics of JK Corynebacterium pneumonia is presented. Occurring in a profoundly neutropenic patient, the pneumonia was characterized by massive fluid exudation in the alveoli with acute hemorrhage, significant proliferation of the bacteria beginning along the alveolar walls, and eventual alveolar wall necrosis. Other cases of JK Corynebacterium pneumonia are reviewed. This report emphasizes that JK Corynebacterium pneumonia has a high mortality and should be considered in patients with pulmonary deterioration and blood cultures positive for diphtheroids.
The Current Role of Memokath 051 Thermo-Expandable Metal Stent in Management of Benign and Malignant Ureteric Strictures

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Stent technology has progressed dramatically over the past 100 years. JJ stents are essential tools for any urologist. They do have however have their own limitations with complications including stone formation, infection,reflux, stent pain, migration and importantly encrustation, which therefore requires stent changes every 3-6 months.Metal stents have been used to try to minimise these complications with mixed results.
In this paper we look specifically at the Memokath 051 thermo-expandable stent and the available evidence for its use in the treatment of benign and malignant ureteric strictures.
The Memokath 051 thermo-expandable stent is better tolerated than the conventional JJ stents and provides a statistically significant improvement in the patients’ quality of life as well as low rates of bladder irritation, stent encrustation, reflux and flank pain. It also requires less frequent changes than conventional JJ stents which significantly reduces the episodes of hospital admissions and subsequently their possible associated morbidities, this also makes
it a cost effective treatment option.
Building Manipuri-English Machine Readable Dictionary by Implementing Ontology

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Any system that hopes to process natural languages as people do must have information about words, their meaning, concept, relative words in another language and meaningful sentences are composed of meaningful words. Traditionally information is provided through electronic dictionaries. But these dictionary entries evolved for the convenience of human readers, not for machines. So, machine readable electronic dictionary becomes the central resources for Natural Language applications. Dictionaries and other lexical resources are not yet widely available in electronic form for Manipuri language. And there is no Manipuri-English machine readable dictionary that can provide both of lexical resources and conceptual information. This paper describes the process for developing Manipuri-English dictionary by implementing ontology. This implementation should provide a more effective combination of traditional Manipuri-English bilingual lexicographic information and their conceptual information.
Optimizing Closed-Loop Performance with Data from Similar Systems: A Bayesian Meta-Learning Approach

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Bayesian optimization (BO) has demonstrated potential for optimizing control performance in data-limited settings, especially for systems with unknown dynamics or unmodeled performance objectives. The BO algorithm efficiently trades-off exploration and exploitation by leveraging uncertainty estimates using surrogate models. These surrogates are usually learned using data collected from the target dynamical system to be optimized. Intuitively, the convergence rate of BO is better for surrogate models that can accurately predict the target system performance. In classical BO, initial surrogate models are constructed using very limited data points, and therefore rarely yield accurate predictions of system performance. In this paper, we propose the use of meta-learning to generate an initial surrogate model based on data collected from performance optimization tasks performed on a variety of systems that are different to the target system. To this end, we employ deep kernel networks (DKNs) which are simple to train and which comprise encoded Gaussian process models that integrate seamlessly with classical BO. The effectiveness of our proposed DKN-BO approach for speeding up control system performance optimization is demonstrated using a well-studied nonlinear system with unknown dynamics and an unmodeled performance function.
Social work professional organization development: history, purpose, and possibilities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper offers inspiration for social workers to apply the principles of advocacy to the field of social work through the development or strengthening of social work professional organizations so that social work as a profession becomes more recognized and more influential in social policy decisions. A discussion about the barriers to organizing, the benefits of organizing, and a brief history of how social work has organized itself in the United States will be presented; as well as a guide on how to develop and strengthen the organization of professional groups. Particular attention is given to Lithuania as well as other countries in which social work was developed in the past three decades.
Service Culture for the Implementation of Community Policing: A Case Study of the Malaysian Police

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Although a police service function is a key component of community policing, very few studies on service culture have been conducted, especially in the Royal Malaysian Police which has adopted and practised the concept of community policing since 1979. This study surveyed 297 Kuala Lumpur Metropolitan police officers regarding their attitudes toward the concept of service culture in their police force and the impact service culture has on community policing. Overall, the study's results show that Malaysian police support community policing and believe service culture is part of their police organisation. However, only two of the seven cultural values (internal communication and service orientation) were positively and significantly correlated with commitment to practising community policing. The study recommends proper training on community policing (particularly for police administrators and new recruits) and creation of relevant service culture conducive to the implementation of community policing.
Identification of Gene Markers Associated with COVID-19 Severity and Recovery in Different Immune Cell Subtypes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

As COVID-19 develops, dynamic changes occur in the patient’s immune system. Changes in molecular levels in different immune cells can reflect the course of COVID-19. This study aims to uncover the molecular characteristics of different immune cell subpopulations at different stages of COVID-19. We designed a machine learning workflow to analyze scRNA-seq data of three immune cell types (B, T, and myeloid cells) in four levels of COVID-19 severity/outcome. The datasets for three cell types included 403,700 B-cell, 634,595 T-cell, and 346,547 myeloid cell samples. Each cell subtype was divided into four groups, control, convalescence, progression mild/moderate, and progression severe/critical, and each immune cell contained 27,943 gene features. A feature analysis procedure was applied to the data of each cell type. Irrelevant features were first excluded according to their relevance to the target variable measured by mutual information. Then, four ranking algorithms (last absolute shrinkage and selection operator, light gradient boosting machine, Monte Carlo feature selection, and max-relevance and min-redundancy) were adopted to analyze the remaining features, resulting in four feature lists. These lists were fed into the incremental feature selection, incorporating three classification algorithms (decision tree, k-nearest neighbor, and random forest) to extract key gene features and construct classifiers with superior performance. The results confirmed that genes such as PFN1, RPS26, and FTH1 played important roles in SARS-CoV-2 infection. These findings provide a useful reference for the understanding of the ongoing effect of COVID-19 development on the immune system.
North Korea's Nuclear Strategy: Limited Nuclear Use and Escalation Management*

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article speculates on how North Korea will use nuclear weapons if the Korean War resumes and addresses how the ROK‐US Alliance should prepare for it. North Korea has strong incentives to arm itself with nuclear weapons for the regime's survival and for various other political, diplomatic, and economic goals. North Korea's nuclear weapons clearly indicate it is not merely arming itself for deterrence, negotiation, domestic solidarity, or prestige. It is the most likely country to employ nuclear weapons if they are ever used again in battle. North Korea is highly likely to use nuclear weapons in various ways, not only to make up for its weakness in conventional forces but also to coerce the Alliance in wartime. For this reason, there is a growing research trend calling for countermeasures against the possibility of North Korea preemptively using tactical nuclear weapons. Despite this shift in focus and the urgent strategic requirements called for, adequate systematic analyses of North Korea's nuclear strategy have not been made. This article assesses North Korea's nuclear strategy with an introduction to limited nuclear use (LNU) and escalation management (EM), followed by proposals for viable countermeasures by the Alliance. North Korea is most likely to use nuclear weapons in a limited manner to achieve strategic goals while avoiding nuclear retaliation by the USA in all phases of a war. The Alliance faces a challenge to establish an appropriate strategy to manage the dilemma over North Korea's nuclear strategy.
Influence of instructor‐to‐student ratio for teaching suturing skills with models

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective To evaluate the influence of instructor to student ratio on the effectiveness and efficiency of teaching suturing skills to veterinary students. Study design Prospective randomized study. Sample population Second‐year veterinary students (N = 121). Methods Students were randomly divided into three groups to participate in four 2‐hour skills laboratory sessions in which suturing of the subcutaneous tissue was taught by using a simple continuous pattern, suturing of the skin was taught by using continuous patterns, suturing of the skin was taught by using interrupted patterns, and suturing of hollow organs was taught by using inverting patterns. For each laboratory, the groups were taught by using instructor‐to‐student ratios of 1:6, 1:8, and 1:10 on a rotating basis. Students were surveyed at the end of each laboratory, and underwent individual performance assessments at the end of each laboratory session and again at the end of the semester in an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). Results For each of the four in‐laboratory assessments and the OSCE, no difference in performance was detected between groups. When they were surveyed, students in all groups reported that there was an adequate number of instructors in the laboratory and that they received help in a timely fashion when help was requested (median for all groups = agree). Conclusion For students with prior surgical skills education and with the use of prelaboratory instructional videos, teaching at the 1:10 instructor‐to‐student ratio was efficient and effective. Clinical significance Good educational outcomes may be reached with a 1:10 instructor‐to‐student ratio or, potentially, fewer instructors, depending on the educational aids present in the laboratory and students' prior level of experience.