jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Examining the Relationship between Regulatory Quality and Forest Product Exports to India: A Gravity Model Approach

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract The value of aggregate forest product exports to India has increased from about $1.5 billion in 2003 to about $5.4 billion in 2013. Although many of the forest product resources can be sourced from within India, the subcontinent must also source forest products from trading partners, in the form of wood product exports. This presents many economic challenges and opportunities for wood product markets and trade, as India is the second-largest importer of wood products in the world. In this study, we focus on the effect of regulatory quality on forest products exports by partner countries to India. Using a panel of trade flows during 2009 through 2013 of 143 partner countries exporting forest products to India, we estimate an augmented gravity trade model to capture the effect of relevant variables on the outflow of aggregate forest products and disaggregate paper and paperboard, wood pulp, fiberboard, veneers, sawn wood, industrial roundwood, and plywood products from partner countries to India. Results from the analysis are mixed; regulatory quality is found to have positive correlation with exports to India in some cases (paper and paperboard products and wood pulps) and no correlation in a few instances (fiberboard, veneer sheets, sawn wood, industrial roundwood, and plywood). Other explanatory variables such as the distance between the partner country and India, forest area of partner country relative to forest area of India, gross domestic product, population, and trade agreements are mostly found to have positive or negative significant effects on trade, varying across different sectors.
Comportamiento epidemiológico de la hiperuricemia en el Policlínico Universitario “Ciro Frías Cabrera”, municipio Imías, Guantánamo

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in the Imías "Cifo\nfrías Cabrera" teaching polyclinic in the period from January to June\n2017, with the objective of characterizing the epidemiological behavior\nof Hyperuricemia in the assisted population. The determinations of the\nreference values of the individuals according to sex were evaluated and\nthe interval of E.P.B "Carlos J Finlay" was used. The universe consisted\nof 60 patients and 48 providers (doctors). Predominantly the male sex\nwith 32 people for 53 %, the most significant age group was the one of\nover 30 years, presenting values of uric acid within the reference\nintervals in 48 patients, however, these reflected symptoms of gout,\nrelated with inadequate educational work and the low level of cognition\nand interpretation of the values of regulated intervals for the diagnosis\nof gout by providers.
Electronic States of Heavy Fermion Materials

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) effect is one of the most powerful and straightforward methods of determining the electronic structure of metals, knowledge of which is essential to understanding the observed physical properties such as resistivity, magnetic structure, and specific heat. Of interest in the field of condensed matter physics are the so-called heavy fermion materials: compounds involving rare earth metals in which strong correlation effects cause the electrons to behave as if they are orders of magnitude heavier than a bare electron.\nTo enable measurement of these materials, I maintained our in-house data collection system known as DAVIES. Long standing issues in network communication between the involved computers have been mitigated or solved, improving the overall ease of measurement. \nUsing DAVIES and our 3He/4He dilution refrigerator, I completed field modulation dHvA measurements on samples of YbRh2Si2 for field sweeps of 16-13 T and sample rotations from (100)-(110), (100)-(001), and (110)-(001). This yielded the first observation of an orbit that could be attributed to the J-sheet of the Fermi surface. The rotation measurements were compared against basic band structure calculations, which I completed, and more advanced band structure calculations. The calculations are in good agreement with the experimental results, though the ad hoc fitting method requires a more thorough examination to better understand the origin of this agreement.\nI also conducted field modulation dHvA measurements on one sample of PrOs4Sb12 for sweeps of 10-7 and 6-3 T at temperatures from about 25-2800 mK. A novel technique, which examines the phase of the quantum oscillations, was utilized to explore the occupancy of the Pr crystal field levels and the lower antiferroquadruploar (AFQ) phase boundary. These results were compared against mean field calculations, which took into account nearest neighbor quadrupolar coupling and the hyperfine interaction in the Hamiltonian. We obtained good agreement of the theoretical and experimental phase boundary, except at the lowest temperatures, in which a tail was predicted by calculations but not observed by experiment. This lead to the conclusion that further refinement of our mean field theory would be an interesting pursuit for future research into this material.
Uniform Convergence of Tensor Product Wavelet Series

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Multi-dimensional wavelet series have become powerful tool of image processing. Via constructing a compactly support domain, an expression constituted by partial sums and truncated term of wavelet expansions of a given multi-dimensional distribution f is obtained. It's easy for helping us to study uniform convergence of tensor product wavelet series. In fact, we show wavelet expansions are convergent uniformly if the given function f belonging to the Sobolev space H s with s ges 1/2 by using the result
The Strengthened Business Process Matrix - A Novel Approach for Guided Continuous Improvement at Service-Oriented SMEs

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The principle of continuous improvement is widely used at firms when striving for improved business performance. One goal that is typically sought in terms of continuous improvement is the achievement of consistent operations within business processes. Despite the commonness of this approach, firms often face business process-related problems. This paper introduces an approach to improve the quality and the feasibility of business processes at small-sized and medium-sized service-oriented firms. The approach is based on the analysis of observations gathered at four case companies over 25 years. In the study, business processes were grouped into three categories: (i) strategic steering tool-related procedures without business process descriptions; (ii) operative service component-related business processes; and (iii) the business process matrix, including general descriptions for (a) the operative processes of daily activities, special occasions, and life-cycle management and (b) the steering processes of entity management. The feasibility of the business process matrix was strengthened by interrelating the redetermined steering tools, that is, service promise, service portfolio, principles, and organization. The strengthened business process matrix is an example of guided continuous improvement, meaning that the role of the organization is to apply the content of the strengthened business matrix rather than to create it from nothing, by trial and error, or from diverse sources. The main contribution of this study to business process research is in combining a scientific perspective with the actual needs of service-oriented small-sized and medium-sized firms, based on a quarter-century-long insight into their management and working practices. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are demographic and socioeconomic factors predictive for perceived tinnitus impairment?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Patients suffering from chronic tinnitus were analyzed to examine whether tinnitus impairments can be predicted by demographic and socioeconomic factors. For this purpose, subjective tinnitus complaints were measured in 153 patients using the tinnitus impairment questionnaire (THI-12) that distinguishes between emotional-cognitive and functional-communicative factors. Age, gender, marital status, and education levels were assessed and treated as predictive variables. In computing canonical correlations, only the level of education served as a significant emotional-cognitive predictor for tinnitus impairment. Patients with lower education demonstrated impairments in the emotional-cognitive domain that were more marked than those in higher-educated people. The results indicated that demographic and socioeconomic variables have no predictive value for tinnitus impairments, with the exception of a person's level of education.
MORPHOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF PRAIRIE TURNIP (PSORALEA ESCULENTA PURSH) ROOT

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Psoralea esculenta Pursh is an herbaceous perennial legume, native to the Great Plains, that has a tuberous-thickened taproot. Native American populations have long used the roots of this plant as food source. The Psoralea root has a tough outer covering (bark) and a fleshy interior that contains numerous isolated vascular strands. Root tissues from mature and young roots were fixed and embedded in JB-4 plastic. Differential staining methods using Safranin, Toluidine Blue, IKI, and Aniline Blue were used to examine the tissue morphology. Digital pictures were made using a Leaf Microlumina camera attached to an Olympus bright field microscope. The root of Psoralea esculenta possesses a unique arrangement of vascular tissues embedded in secondary parenchyma with regions of cells containing large deposits of either protein or starch. Alteration of protein and starch reserves was observed in mature roots, but absent in young roots. The vascular strands appeared to be randomly arranged in the secondary tissues of the root. Further analysis at different developmental stages will help to clarify the unique anatomical features observed in the root of Psoralea esculenta.
Cognitive bias in large language models: Cautious optimism meets anti-Panglossian meliorism

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Traditional discussions of bias in large language models focus on a conception of bias closely tied to unfairness, especially as affecting marginalized groups. Recent work raises the novel possibility of assessing the outputs of large language models for a range of cognitive biases familiar from research in judgment and decisionmaking. My aim in this paper is to draw two lessons from recent discussions of cognitive bias in large language models: cautious optimism about the prevalence of bias in current models coupled with an anti-Panglossian willingness to concede the existence of some genuine biases and work to reduce them. I draw out philosophical implications of this discussion for the rationality of human cognitive biases as well as the role of unrepresentative data in driving model biases.
Detection, Quantification, and Characterization of Diverse RNA Transcript Isoforms

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) is a powerful technique to assess gene expression and to characterize RNA transcripts, as it allows for high-throughput study of RNA at a nucleotide resolution. It can provide transcriptome-wide information on alternative splicing, novel transcripts, tissue-specific and allele-specific expression, and RNA- DNA differences. While high-throughput sequencing has revolutionized RNA research, there are several challenges associated with its application. The limiting factors in the utility of any RNA-Seq experiment are two-fold: (1) at the experimental stage, correctly isolating and preparing the sample so as to capture all transcripts of interest, and (2) at the data analysis stage, utilizing the right computational methods to accurately assign sequencing reads to the correct transcripts. Non-canonical isoforms can easily be missed by standard methods at either stage. As RNA exists in a multitude of forms corresponding to its diverse functions, with variations in sequence, length, shape, and number, it is important to develop sequencing methods that are capable of capturing this diversity.Herein, we describe methods for performing RNA sequencing experiments and data analysis, illustrate their utility in experimental studies using Drosophila melanogaster, and present novel methods for the detection, quantification, and characterization of two non-canonical transcript isoforms: the fusion transcript and circular RNA.
How many natural enemy species should we introduce for classical biological control

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

I will review the history of three cases of classical and one conservative biological control of fruit tree pests in Japan to consider the scientific approach for the selection of natural enemies in biological control. The first case is biological control of the red wax scale, Ceroplastes rubens, a citrus pest by Anicetus beneficus. The second one is that of the chestnut gall wasp, Doryocosmus kuriphilus by Torymus sinensis. The third one is that of the arrowhead scale, Unaspis yanonensis, a citrus pest by two parasitoids, Aphytis yanonensis and Coccobius fulvus. All those pests and natural enemies were introduced from China into Japan, and the first tow cases were single species introductions and another was multiple species introduction. The last case is conservative biological control of the Japanese mealybug, Planococcus kraunhiae, a persimmon pest by two native parasitoids, Anagyrus fujikona and Allotropa subclavata. It was suggested that disordered introduction of all of the natural enemies availablewas was not appropriate. However, it may not be wise to persist with single species introductions. Careful study on host-parasitoid systems may be important for making
Exploring the relation between turbulent velocity and density fluctuations in the stratified intracluster medium

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The dynamics of the intracluster medium (ICM) is affected by turbulence driven by several processes, such as mergers, accretion and feedback from active galactic nuclei. X-ray surface brightness fluctuations have been used to constrain turbulence in galaxy clusters. Here, we use simulations to further investigate the relation between gas density and turbulent velocity fluctuations, with a focus on the effect of the stratification of the ICM. In this work, we studied the turbulence driven by hierarchical accretion by analysing a sample of galaxy clusters simulated with the cosmological code ENZO. We used a fixed scale filtering approach to disentangle laminar from turbulent flows. In dynamically perturbed galaxy clusters, we found a relation between the root mean square of density and velocity fluctuations, albeit with a different slope than previously reported. The Richardson number is a parameter that represents the ratio between turbulence and buoyancy, and we found that this variable has a strong dependence on the filtering scale. However, we could not detect any strong relation between the Richardson number and the logarithmic density fluctuations, in contrast to results by recent and more idealised simulations. In particular, we find a strong effect from radial accretion, which appears to be the main driver for the gas fluctuations. The ubiquitous radial bias in the dynamics of the ICM suggests that homogeneity and isotropy are not always valid assumptions, even if the turbulent spectra follow Kolmogorov's scaling. Finally, we find that the slope of the velocity and density spectra are independent of cluster-centric radii.
Mango Bacterial Black Spot is one the Devastating Diseases of mangoes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Mango bacterial dark spot infection is one of the most pulverizing illnesses of mangoes around the world. The infection was seen in some mango plantations in the Lower Manya and Asuogyaman regions of the Eastern locale and North Tongu area of the Volta district of Ghana. The targets of this investigation were to decide survey rancher's observation and information on pervasiveness, spread and financial significance of the mango bacterial dark spot infection, decide the illness rate and seriousness in mango ranches, evaluate the impact of the sickness on yield/natural product quality, affirm the causal specialist of the flow flare-up of the illness in the examination territory as Xanthomonas campestris pv. mangiferaindicae utilizing morphological qualities, biochemical, physiological and Cpn60 quality and assess some chosen fungicide/bacteriocides for control of the infection in the field. Polls (60) were directed to ranchers who were effectively occupied with mango cultivating in the investigation territories. These were perused out and deciphered to ranchers when vital for clearness. The surveys secured general foundation of the ranchers and their discernment and information concerning cause, significance, spread and control of the sickness. Information gathered were examined utilizing enlightening factual investigation (means and rates). Unhealthy foods grown from the ground were gathered for disengagement and distinguishing proof of the causal creature during the overview study. The infection occurrence and seriousness were resolved utilizing the sickness rating size of 0-5 in the investigation territories where ten mango ranches were arbitrarily chosen from each area for the assessment. Field preliminary was completed at a business mango plantation in the in the Lower Manya Krobo District to assess fungicides against the causal life form of bacterial dark spot of mango. ID of the causal life form was completed utilizing morphological attributes, biochemical, PCR and quality sequencing was done in Biotechnology research facility, University of Ghana and Inqaba Biotech West Africa Limited at South Africa
Sandia secure processor : a native Java processor.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Sandia Secure Processor (SSP) is a new native Java processor that has been specifically designed for embedded applications. The SSP's design is a system composed of a core Java processor that directly executes Java bytecodes, on-chip intelligent IO modules, and a suite of software tools for simulation and compiling executable binary files. The SSP is unique in that it provides a way to control real-time IO modules for embedded applications. The system software for the SSP is a 'class loader' that takes Java .class files (created with your favorite Java compiler), links them together, and compiles a binary. The complete SSP system provides very powerful functionality with very light hardware requirements with the potential to be used in a wide variety of small-system embedded applications. This paper gives a detail description of the Sandia Secure Processor and its unique features.
Folk medicinal practices among tea estate workers: a study in Moulvibazar district, Bangladesh.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Moulvibazar district falls within Sylhet Division, Bangladesh and contains a number of large tea estates. During the period of British rule in the Indian sub-continent, the British established these tea estates and brought in as workers, people from many small and large tribes from various regions of the sub-continent. The descendants of these various tribes still work at the tea estates. Since the workers represent a varied conglomeration of different tribal people, the objective of the present study was to document the traditional medicinal practices among these workers at a randomly chosen large tea estate in Moulvibazar district. The tea estate had one folk medicinal practitioner who was observed to use a total of 26 plants distributed into 17 families in his formulations. All plants were collected from the wild within the tea estate or areas adjoining the tea estate. These plants were used to treat ailments like hemorrhoids, menstrual disorders, infections, pain, gastrointestinal problems, hydrocele, tooth and gum problems, eye disorders, urinary problems, tongue lesions, stone formation, lack of breast milk, pain or pus in ears, poisonous snake or insect bite, helminthiasis, respiratory tract disorders, night blindness, bone fracture, and sprains. Taken together, the plants reflect a wide diversity used by the folk medicinal practitioner and which can serve as a basis for further scientific studies.
Short-range hunters: exploring the function and constraints of water shooting in dwarf gouramis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Ballistic predation is a rare foraging adaptation: in fishes, most attention has focused on a single genus, the archerfish, known to manipulate water to shoot down prey above the water surface. However, several gourami species also exhibit apparently similar ‘shooting’ behaviour, spitting water up to 5 cm above the surface. In a series of experiments, we explored the shooting behaviour and aspects of its significance as a foraging ability in the dwarf gourami (Trichogaster lalius). We investigated sex differences in shooting abilities to determine whether gourami shooting is related to the sex-specific bubble nest manufacture where males mix air and water at the surface to form bubbles. We found that, actually, both sexes were equally able to shoot and could learn to shoot a novel target. In a second experiment, we presented untrained gouramis with opportunities to shoot at live prey and found they successfully shot down both fruit flies and crickets. Finally, we explored the effect of target height on shooting performance to establish potential constraints of shooting as a foraging ability. The frequency of attempted shots and success of hitting targets decreased with height, whereas latency to shoot increased. We also observed that repeatable individual differences account for variation in these measures of shooting performance. Together, our results provide evidence that gourami shooting has a foraging function analogous to that of archerfish. Gourami shooting may serve as an example of convergent evolution and provide opportunities for comparative studies into the, as yet unexplored, ecology and evolution of shooting in fishes.
Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) Control in Soybean (Glycine max) with Imazaquin and Metribuzin Combinations

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Field studies were conducted in 1993 and 1994 to evaluate sicklepod control with combinations of imazaquin + metribuzin at lower than normal use rates. Soybean was seeded in late-May to early-June each year and imazaquin and metribuzin were applied PPI alone at 0.75 and 1x and 0.5, 0.75, and 1x their registered rates, respectively, and in factorial combinations of their 0.5 and 0.75x rates. The registered (1x) rates for imazaquin and metribuzin on this soil type are 0.14 and 0.43 kg/ha, respectively. Several standard sequential treatments and flumetsulam + trifluralin PPI at 0.06 + 0.70 and 0.07 + 0.95 kg/ha were included for comparison. Sicklepod control and soybean seed yield responses differed between 1993 and 1994. In 1993, the combinations of imazaquin + metribuzin averaged 90% control 6 wk after planting (WAP) and soybean seed yield increased 75% compared to the untreated check. Imazaquin + metribuzin at their respective 0.5x rate was as effective as any treatment evaluated. In 1994, sicklepod control was generally lower with all treatments. Soybean seed yield was reduced due to sicklepod interference with soil-applied treatments alone. However, imazaquin + metribuzin at their respective 0.75x rate provided sicklepod control levels and reductions in weed biomass similar to those observed with flumetsulam + trifluralin at 0.07 + 0.95 kg/ha and the sequential treatments, and increased soybean seed yield 19% compared to the untreated check.