jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Central European Business Cycles

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Optimal currency area (OCA) theory stresses that the comovement of the business cycles of member countries is an important criterion for a successful common currency. This study analyzes the cross-correlations of real gross domestic product and its components for six euro hopefuls from 1993 to 2008. No country is consistently matched more closely to Germany than to world output or consumption, and consumption correlations are found to be weak overall. Although the Baltic states seem to show stronger comovements with the world than with Germany, they show even closer linkages to each other, suggesting that this part of Europe forms a distinct economic subregion that may not benefit from joining the euro.
Prediction of plume migration in heterogeneous media using artificial neural networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Because of the many uncertainties associated with most flow and transport parameters, studies often implement the numerical simulations within a Monte Carlo frame of work. The large numbers of realizations needed to achieve convergence for the statistics of concern make the Monte Carlo approach computationally demanding. In this study we attempt to develop an empirical‐numerical approach to generate Lagrangian particle trajectories in two‐dimensional domain given a certain input heterogeneity model without repeatedly solving the flow equation for each realization, with the purpose of evaluating ensemble plume statistics. Artificial neural networks are used to map the relationship between the particle trajectories and the physical properties of the formation. This is achieved by training the neural network through a set of sufficient examples derived from a few realizations using an exponential log‐ K covariance. The trained network is then used to predict particle trajectories in heterogeneity characterized by an exponential, a Gaussian, a hole‐type, or a fractal covariance model. The network that is trained using the exponential model successfully predicts transport results for other models with high accuracy and low computational effort. Accuracy of prediction of the trajectory (percent of explained variance) reaches 94% in the direction of mean flow and 91% normal to it. For the cases studied here, the speed of calculation is ∼7.8 times faster than the traditional approach for 1000 realizations. As the number of realizations increases, the speed factor approaches 12.8. Solute mass flux (mean and standard deviation) and mean‐plume concentrations predicted by the trained network agree very closely with the target result obtained via traditional Monte Carlo simulations.
Detection of Cryptosporidium sp. in non diarrheal faeces from children, in a day care center in the city of São Paulo, Brazil

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The protozoan Cryptosporidium sp. has been frequently detected in faeces from children with persistent diarrhoea. This work achieved to investigate an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis, in a day care center, attending children of high socio-economic level, between 0 and six years old. The outbreak was detected through the network of public health, when stool samples, not diarrhoeic, were examined at the Parasitology Service of the Adolfo Lutz Institute. Among the 64 examined children, 13 (20.3%) showed oocysts of Cryptosporidium sp. in the faeces examined by Kinyoun technique: seven children one year old, three, two years old and three, three years old. Among the 23 examined adults, only a 22 years old woman, possibly having an immunocomprometiment, was positive. Clinical and epidemiological aspects were investigated by questionnaires, highlighting the occurrence of the outbreak in a very dry period.
Unveiling the spectrum of xylooligosaccharides from lignocellulosic biomasses: production, functional properties, food applications, and market insights

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Lignocellulosic agro-industrial residues are a valuable source for oligosaccharide production, supporting the biorefinery concept and advancing innovative production strategies. This review focuses on xylooligosaccharides (XOS) production from various lignocellulosic residues, focusing on xylan as a primary feedstock. It discusses conventional methods (acid hydrolysis, autohydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis) and novel approaches (submerged fermentation, solid-state fermentation, deep eutectic solvents), evaluating their benefits, challenges, and optimization potential. The prebiotic activity of XOS, as well as its physicochemical, technological, and sensory properties, underscores its suitability for food applications. The review also explores regulatory frameworks, especially in Brazil, and market insights that influence the commercial value and growth of XOS. Despite growing interest, no standardized production process exists. Moreover, process conditions and feedstock selection remain critical for optimizing yields. Further research is essential to developing more efficient, standardized, and sustainable methods, alongside in vivo studies to ensure regulatory compliance, unlocking the full potential of XOS in the food industry and other sectors.
Particulate air pollution and daily mortality in Steubenville. Ohio Am J Epidemiol

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Particulate air pollution has been associated with daily mortality in London, England, both in the smog episodes of the 1950s and at the tower pollution levels of the late 1960s and early 1970s. Replicating these findings in the United States has been difficult, because particulates are usually sampled every sixth day. Replication, particularly with a gravimetric measure of particulates, is important in assessing the causality of the relation. Daily measurements of total suspended particulates by high volume gravimetric sampler are available for the Steubenville, Ohio, metropolitan area. These were matched to daily mortality counts from the detail mortality tapes of the National Center for Health Statistics. Deaths of residents which occurred outside the Steubenville Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area were excluded. Because of the much smaller population, the average total number of deaths per day in the Steubenville Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area over the 11-year period 1974-1984 was about 1 % of the deaths in a typical London winter. Despite this reduced statistical power, total suspended particu-late count was significantly associated with increased daily mortality in Poisson regres-sion analyses controlling for season and temperature. An increase in particulates of 100 jig/m3 was associated with a 4 % increase in mortality on the succeeding day. Associ-ations with sulfur dioxide were not significant after adjustment for particulates. The relation appeared to continue at levels well below the current National Ambient Air Quality Standard. Am J Epidemiol 1992;135:12-19. air pollutants, environmental; air pollution; mortality Editor&apos;s note: For a discussion of this pa-per and for the authors &apos; response, see pages 20 and 23, respectively. Extremely high levels of air pollution were associated with considerable excess mortal-ity in episodes in Donora, Pennsylvania, in
The Education of Occupational Therapists in Brazil: History and Perspectives

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This paper describes the history of professional education and curriculum issues about Occupational Therapists in Brazil. We articulate the proposals of curriculum guidelines, as defined by national education policies, to today’s model of Higher Education in this country and how it reflects in the education of human resources for the health area, especially Occupational Therapists. The challenge lies in how professional education, with the expansion of vacancies in the Higher Education system, will match the needs of the Brazilian population.
Ultrasonic-assisted Stepwise Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Rapeseed Meal Protein and Screening of Enzymes

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this study, rapeseed meal protein prepared by reverse micelles extraction was sequentially hydrolyzed with two enzymes under ultrasonic assistance. Papain, protamex, alcalase, flavourzyme and trypsin were used to comprise 6 pairwise combinations for two-step hydrolysis of rapeseed meal protein. The hydrolysis efficacy of each combination was assessed using degree of hydrolysis (DH), trichloroacetic acid nitrogen-solution index (TCA-NSI), peptide yield and molecular weight distribution. The sequential hydrolysis with papain followed by flavourzyme or with trypsin followed by flavourzyme presented higher DH and peptide yield and the corresponding products both contained less small peptides.
The Values of Olympism in Conformance with Rule 50.2 of the Olympic Charter

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The objective of this thesis is to illuminate and analyse how the values of Olympism are coherent with Rule 50.2 of the Olympic Charter. \nIn order to carry out this assignment the Case Study is chosen as research design. The data are collected by a semi-systematic literature review, using secondary data and IOC policy documents. In the first part of the analysis the content of the continuously evolving narrative of Olympism is analysed using a thematic narrative analysis. The second part of the analysis aims at highlighting the role of Rule 50.2 in regard to the values of Olympism and builds upon the results of the previous analysis. Furthermore, it looks at the athletes’ position in this institutional structure, drawing upon the theoretical framework using the concept of power by Foucault (1980) and Giddens (1984). It is conducted using aspects of CDA which aids to point out the power relations defined by the Olympic Charter and expressed by Rule 50.2.1 \nThe narrative analysis concludes that the notion of Olympism is not a neutral term but subject to change according to geographic location, historic, socio-cultural and political background. The values of Olympism are currently in a contended state. They are being adopted in an increasing commercial context and discourse which is taking place around the Olympic Games. Multinational Corporations and external interests are gaining influence on the Olympic Movement, yet athletes are frequently denied the access to implement power. \nRule 50.2 of the Olympic Charter, which prohibits athletes from demonstrating can be seen as a prime example of the ambiguities of the Olympic Movement. Which in the Olympic Charter claims the goal to improve human rights, and an apolitical character, but simultaneously denies its athletes the right of freedom of expression. Rule 50.2 and acting accordingly can be seen in relation to Foucault's (1980) “mechanics of power”, which makes visible how the dominant discourse of commercialisation is influencing the behavior of society and institutions. For athletes to gain more impact and power on the macro level, it is crucial to educate themselves and adopt a critical self-consciousness by applying Giddens (1984) notion of reflexive monitoring.
Effects of pesticides on 3H-dihydrotestosterone binding to cytosol proteins from various tissues of the mouse.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

These in vitro studies, utilizing cytosols prepared from various tissues (viz. anterior prostate gland, seminal vesicle, kidney and liver) taken from mice 3 days post-castration, were undertaken in order to determine whether or not certain pesticides could alter the binding of 3H-DHT to cytosolic androgen binding components. Estrone, cyproterone acetate, and unlabeled DHT were employed to confirm the presence of specific 3H-DHT binding components in the cytosols. The effects of various pesticides on 3H-DHT binding in these tissue cytosols were then assessed. Parathion (10(-8)--10(-5) M) was found to be an effective inhibitor of total 3H-DHT binding in the prostate, seminal veiscle, kidney and liver. This organophosphate was unable to compete with 3H-DHT for cytosol binding sites in the intestine. Similar in vitro binding studies using dieldrin, DDT, or carbaryl failed to reveal any interference with 3H-DHT binding in any of the tissue studied. The mechanism of parathion's interference with 3H-DHT binding is unclear.
Effect of Gabapentin on Tendon-to-Bone Healing in a Rat Model of Rotator Cuff Repair

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Gabapentin is often used as an analgesic after rotator cuff repair surgery and is recommended as an additional analgesic for arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs. However, evidence of its effects on biological healing mechanisms is lacking. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of gabapentin in improving tendon-to-bone healing after rotator cuff repair using a rat model. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 male rats were randomly allocated to one of two groups: group 1 (repair only, n=10) or group 2 (gabapentin injection, n=10). The rats in the experimental group (group 2) were administered 80 mg/kg of gabapentin subcutaneously 30 minutes before surgery, followed by 80 mg/kg subcutaneously every 24 hours for 48 hours. We used the left shoulder of every rat, while for biomechanical analysis, we used the right shoulder. Results: There was no significant difference in the load to failure, ultimate stress, or elongation between the groups. Collagen continuity, orientation, and density were better in group 2 than group 1. Conclusion: In a rat model of rotator cuff repair, gabapentin had a positive impact on the quality of collagen organization at the junction between the tendon and bone, while preserving the biomechanical properties. We propose the use of gabapentin as a supplementary analgesic agent for postoperative pain relief after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair; however, further studies of the effect of gabapentin on biological healing mechanisms are required. [ Orthopedics . 2024;47(5):e241–e246.]
Tracing patterns: Critical approaches to on-screen fashion

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In 1990, Jane Gaines and Charlotte Herzog’s hugely influential edited collection, Fabrications, opened up the discussion of the complex relationship between the female consumer and the female viewer; and while an important body of work has developed within this area, the study of on-screen fashion continues to be somewhat marginalised in the academy. This article examines some of the recent contributions to the study of on-screen fashion, situating them in relation to broader debates about fashion, costume, feminism and identity. In so doing, it seeks to examine the fortitude field, 21 years on from Fabrications, in order to examine how the study of on-screen fashion has developed and how it may evolve in the future.
Abatacept for rheumatoid arthritis complicated by disseminated cryptococcosis: a case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 78-year-old man developed disseminated cryptococcosis with central nervous system involvement as encapsulated yeast cells were detected in transbronchial biopsy and skin biopsy specimens, and cerebrospinal fluid. Cryptococcus neoformans was confirmed by culture. He had been treated with low-dose prednisolone and methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis. He started receiving antifungal therapy with intravenous liposomal amphotericin B followed by oral fluconazole. Methotrexate was discontinued. Approximately 4 months after the course of intravenous liposomal amphotericin B was completed, he complained of pain and swelling of the right wrist, which suggested that rheumatoid arthritis was worsening. Abatacept therapy was initiated along with antifungal therapy, and his symptoms relieved. After 24 months of antifungal therapy, although he was still receiving oral fluconazole, he was doing well and the serum cryptococcal antigen had become negative. Disseminated cryptococcosis is an important opportunistic infection associated with low-dose methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis. Abatacept therapy may be feasible in strictly selected patients with rheumatoid arthritis complicated with cryptococcosis concomitantly with intensive anti-fungal therapy.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activation reverses adipose tissue regulatory T cell dysfunction.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Adipose tissue (AT) regulatory T Cells (Tregs) play an essential role in regulating inflammatory and metabolic responses. Obesity is associated with a decrease in AT Tregs and a corresponding increase in tissue inflammation and systemic insulin resistance in both humans and mice. In human samples, we have found Tregs isolated from visceral AT (VAT) display a dysfunctional phenotype characterized by decreased viability, decreased effector function, and increased expression of inhibitory co-receptors (PD-1 and OX40). VAT Tregs cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) display reduced ability to suppress proliferation, while peripheral blood Tregs suppress proliferation normally. As peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma has been shown to be a regulator of AT Tregs, we hypothesize that the Treg dysfunction can be reversed by addition of the PPAR-gamma agonist Pioglitazone. We isolated Tregs from VAT and peripheral blood and added cells to CFSE-labelled PBMCs in the presence and absence of Pioglitazone. After 4 days culture, Pioglitazone was found to significantly improve the ability of VAT Tregs to suppress proliferation. This effect was specific to AT Treg populations as Pioglitazone alone did not affect PBMC proliferation. These data suggest that Treg dysfunction contributes to AT inflammation and activation of PPAR-gamma promotes VAT-specific Treg activity providing therapeutic implications for PPAR-gamma agonists. (Partially supported by the OSU Cancer Center Support Grant P30CA016058).
The Microstructure of the Scale Surface in Iguanid Lizards

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The dorsal scales of 16 iguanid species representing eight generic groups were ex- amined by scanning electron microscopy. Iguanid lizards exhibit significant variation in (i) the arrangement of the epidermal cells and (ii) the micro-ornamentation of the cell surface. A honey- comb cell arrangement variously modified by imbrication and/or flattening of the cell borders occurs in most species. The completely flat cells of anoloids and the oplurine, Chalarodon, are the extreme in the trend for flattening of the honeycomb cell boundaries. Agamids and iguanids share a honeycomb cell arrangement, and it probably represents the primitive condition for iguanids. There are four types of micro-ornamentation among iguanids: a bare, unsculptured surface, a tex- tured surface created by ridges and grooves (the pit and groove pattern), a pitted surface and a spinulate surface. A bare, unsculptured surface occurs in the morunasaurines, Iguana, a number of other lizard families and Sphenodon. It may be the primitive morphology for iguanids. Pitted and spinulate surfaces appear to be derived from the pit and groove pattern, and morphotypic series based on topographic variation over the scale surface suggest how spinules and pits evolved. Spi- nules have a wider distribution among iguanids than previously known; they occur among scelop- orines and anoloids (both previously described), tropidurines, oplurines and basiliscines. There is no obvious correlation between spinulate scale surfaces and a particular habitat or locomotor be- havior.
Green lacewings (of Florida) Neuroptera: Chrysopidae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Chrysopidae are one of the largest and economically most important families of the Neuroptera. There are about 1,300 currently recognized species included in about 87 genera and three subfamilies (Brooks and Bernard 1990) in the world. In Florida, there are 22 species in 9 genera, all placed in the subfamily Chrysopinae (Penny et al. 1997). The larvae are voracious predators of small, comparatively soft-bodied arthropods such as aphids, scale insects, whiteflies, thrips, insect eggs, and other prey (Muma 1959; Canard et al. 1984). For this reason, they are used widely in biological control. The adults are usually predators, but a few species only feed on pollen. This 4-page fact sheet includes Key to the Genera of Green Lacewings of Florida. Written by Lionel A. Stange, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, October 2012. EENY-534/IN965: Green lacewings (of Florida) (Insecta: Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) (ufl.edu)
Therapeutic Efficacy of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Patients With Vocal Fold Atrophy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives/Hypothesis In recent years, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) injection has been used in the treatment of aging‐related vocal fold atrophy. This injection not only improves closure by increasing the mass of the vocal fold but also improves its viscoelasticity. However, it has been reported that fibroblasts targeted by bFGF treatment decrease in number with age. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of local injection of bFGF on age‐related vocal atrophy as well as the influence of age on phonological outcomes. Study Design Retrospective chart review. Methods Fifty‐three patients with age‐related vocal fold atrophy underwent single injections of bFGF in their vocal folds. Phonological outcomes were evaluated 3 and 6 months after injection by acoustic and aerodynamic measurements. Results Voice Handicap Index (VHI), maximum phonation time (MPT), jitter, shimmer, and pitch range improved after injection, and the effects continued for 6 months. In those over 70 years of age, VHI and MPT showed improvement at 3 and 6 months after injection. In addition, the degree of improvement in VHI and MPT did not differ significantly between those older than 70 years and those younger than 70 years. Conclusions Regenerative treatments dependent on bFGF single injection was safe and effective for both early and late elderly patients suffering of vocal fold atrophy. Level of Evidence 2c Laryngoscope , 2020
Scientific Data Extraction from Oceanographic Papers

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Scientific data collected in the oceanographic domain is invaluable to researchers when performing meta-analyses and examining changes over time in oceanic environments. However, many of the data samples and subsequent analyses published by researchers are not uploaded to a repository leaving the scientific paper as the only available source. Automated extraction of scientific data is, therefore, a valuable tool for such researchers. Specifically, much of the most valuable data in scientific papers are structured as tables, making these a prime target for information extraction research. Using the data relies on an additional step where the concepts mentioned in the tables, such as names of measures, units, and biological species, are identified within a domain ontology. Unfortunately, state-of-the-art table extraction leaves much to be desired and has not been attempted on a large scale on oceanographic papers. Furthermore, while entity linking in the context of a full paragraph of text has been heavily researched, it is still lacking in this harder task of linking single concepts. In this work, we present an annotated benchmark dataset of data tables from oceanographic papers. We further present the result of an evaluation on the extraction of these tables and the linking of the contained entities to the domain and general-purpose knowledge bases using the current state of the art. We highlight the challenges and quantify the performance of current tools for table extraction and table-concept linking.