jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Apes Save Tools for Future Use

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Planning for future needs, not just current ones, is one of the most formidable human cognitive achievements. Whether this skill is a uniquely human adaptation is a controversial issue. In a study we conducted, bonobos and orangutans selected, transported, and saved appropriate tools above baseline levels to use them 1 hour later (experiment 1). Experiment 2 extended these results to a 14-hour delay between collecting and using the tools. Experiment 3 showed that seeing the apparatus during tool selection was not necessary to succeed. These findings suggest that the precursor skills for planning for the future evolved in great apes before 14 million years ago, when all extant great ape species shared a common ancestor.
The electromagnetic form factors of $Λ$ hyperon in $e^+e^-\rightarrow \barΛΛ$

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the electromagnetic form factors of $Λ$ hyperon in the timelike region using the recent experimental data in the exclusive production of $\barΛ Λ$ pair in electron-position annihilation. We present a pQCD inspired parametrization of $G_E(s)$ and $G_M(s)$ with only two parameters, and we consider a suppression mechanism of the electric form factor $G_E(s)$ compared to the magnetic form factor $G_M(s)$. The parameters are determined through fitting our parametrization to the effective form factor data in the reaction $e^+e^-\rightarrow \barΛΛ$. Except the threshold region, our parametrization can reproduce satisfactorily the known behavior of the existing data from the BarBar, DM2 and BESIII Collaborations. We also predict the double spin polarization observables $A_{xx}$, $A_{yy}$ and $A_{zz}$ in $e^+e^-\rightarrow \barΛΛ$.
Strategies for Energy and Climate Management at the British Columbia Institute of Technology

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The British Columbia Institute of Technology (BCIT) is Canada's premier polytechnic. In 2008, BCIT partnered with its local electricity utility to hire a full-time energy manager. The following year, BCIT's School of Construction and the Environment initiated a campus-as-living-lab of sustainability project called Factor Four in the seven buildings it occupies on BCIT's main campus in Burnaby. The purpose was to explore whether a four-fold (75%) reduction in materials and energy use could be achieved without compromising service levels. By 2016, the project achieved a 50% reduction in energy use and associated greenhouse gas emissions. Factor Four attracted over four million dollars in funding, engaged over 250 students from 12 educational programs, and produced over $200,000 savings annually. In 2017, BCIT set an ambitious target to reduce its annual greenhouse gas emissions 33% below 2007 levels by 2023, and 80% by 2050, across all five of its campuses. BCIT’s ultimate goal is to become both greenhouse gas neutral and a net energy producer. By setting ambitious targets and systematically implementing energy efficiency improvements, utilizing waste-heat exchange, fuel switching, and developing on-site renewable energy, BCIT is on track to achieving its energy management and climate change goals.
Description of two new species of white-toothed shrews belonging to the genus Crocidura (Soricomorpha: Soricidae) from Ngoc Linh Mountain, Vietnam

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two new species of white-toothed shrews, Crocidura zaitsevi and C. sokolovi are described from Ngoc Linh Mountain (Kon Tum Province, Vietnam). Comparisons are provided with other species of Crocidura known to occur in Vietnam. Crocidura zaitsevi is very small in size, comparable only to C. kegoensis described from Central Vietnam and distinguished by its moderately long tail and cranial features. Crocidura sokolovi is similar in size to C. attenuata but differs in pelage colour, relatively longer tail, and cranial and dental features. Both new species are currently known only from Ngoc Linh Mountain.
What Should Robots Feel Like?

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

It's widely accepted that a robot's embodiment plays an important role during human-robot interaction (HRI). While many studies have explored the effect of robot appearance, relatively little is known about how the texture and stiffness of the surface material, or what may be referred to as 'robot-skin', influences how the robot is perceived. Gaining improved understanding in this area may have direct and actionable consequences on robot design, since at present nearly all commercially available service robots have similar exterior surfaces composed of smooth, stiff materials, usually plastic. This study is framed around systematically investigating the type of textures that may be better suited for these robots. First, experiments were undertaken to classify the textural characteristics of 27 distinct materials which could potentially be used as a robot-skin. A representative subset of these materials was then selected for a second experiment that explored how the stiffness and tactile properties of the material influenced its perceived suitability for use on a service robot. The research found that people strongly preferred surface textures that were soft, rather than stiff. The most suitable material stiffness was found to be context dependent; soft options were preferred in the blind test condition, but for cases where participants were presented with the 3D image of a service robot in an immersive virtual reality environment, medium stiffness materials were preferred. In the final part of the study, we identified a range of textural properties that seem to correlate with high and low suitability for use on service robots. It is hoped that these findings are useful to help inform the design of future HRI systems, and motivate further investigation into the social roles of robot-skin.
The Effect of Ionized Air on the Assimilation and Respiration of Green Leaves

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article The Effect of Ionized Air on the Assimilation and Respiration of Green Leaves Get access K. WHIMSTER, B.SC. K. WHIMSTER, B.SC. Department of Plant Physiology and Pathology, Imperial College of Science and TechnologyLondon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Annals of Botany, Volume os-41, Issue 2, April 1927, Pages 357–374, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a090078 Published: 01 April 1927
[The Ninard collection, a documentary collection focusing on Morocco at the Institut du monde arabe].

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Dr. Bernard Ninard, a former director of the Biology Laboratory in Rabat, has given his library to the Institut du monde arabe (IMA). There are 2,400 books and periodicals devoted to Morocco, which may be consulted at the IMA, 1 rue des Fossés Saint-bernard, Paris 5e. The topics represented in this collection are very varied. One may particularly find numerous studies in ethnology, that help to understand the development of the Moroccan Society in the XIXth century.
Compulsory Military Service and Future Earnings: Evidence from a Natural Experiment

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Using Israeli census data, and the random assignment of Arab males to military service, this study provides new evidence on the long-term effects of military service on the earnings of veterans. Among Druze men, we find an economically and statistically significant positive effect of 23% on their wages. The unskilled experience a slightly higher premium. The positive effects are large and intensify over time. Skill enhancement and usual human capital accumulation do not explain the positive effect of military service. Networking during service is proposed as a likely explanation.
Shallow marine Rostroconchia (Mollusca) from the latest Devonian (Strunian) and their significance for rostroconch life style and evolution

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

1. Introduction The late Famennian sedimentary succession in central and western Europe is characterized by regressive sequences, followed by a short transgressive phase, the TR cycle IIf of Johnson et al. (1986) Strunian in age. This final Devonian pulse in the global sea-level curve is mirrored by respective litho- and biofacies within the siliciclastic shelf areas bounding the southeastern margin of Laurussia. This shelf is represented by a narrow, continuous band of siliciclastic, mixed siliciclastic-calcareous and calcareous sediments, in its central part known as the Condroz Shelf, recorded from southern Ireland across southwest England (north Devon), the northern Ardennes (Belgium) and the Bergisches Land (western Germany) further east to northern Poland. Although variable in specific lithology, the shallow subtidal environment of this shelf area was termed as the Pilton-Velbert Facies, subdivided into several regional subfacies (see e.g. Van Steenwinkel, 1984, 1990; Thorez & Dreesen, 1986; Matyja, 1988; Amler, 1995, 2001; Thorez et al., 2006 for details). Due to the semi-arid to subtropical climate, the southeastern margin of Laurussia offered optimal conditions to establish a highly diverse fauna and flora during the latest Famennian transgressive phase contrasting with the sparse fauna of the nearshore middle and late Famennian. Somewhat variable substrate conditions, however, combined with other ecologically significant parameters, e.g. salinity, bottom currents, o
A measurement of the absorption of liquid argon scintillation light by dissolved nitrogen at the part-per-million level

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Here we report on a measurement of the absorption length of scintillation light in liquid argon due to dissolved nitrogen at the part-per-million (ppm)level. We inject controlled quantities of nitrogen into a high purity volume of liquid argon and monitor the light yield from an alpha source.The source is placed at different distances from a cryogenic photomultiplier tube assembly. By comparing the light yield from each position we extract the absorption cross section of nitrogen. We find that nitrogen absorbs argon scintillation light with strength of (1.51±0.15) × 10<sup>$-$4</sup> cm<sup>$-$1</sup>ppm<sup>$-$1</sup>, correspondingto an absorption cross section of (4.99±0.51) × 10<sup>$-$21</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> molecule<sup>$-$1</sup>.We obtain the relationship between absorption length and nitrogenconcentration over the 0 to 50 ppm range and discuss the implicationsfor the design and data analysis of future large liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC)detectors. Our results indicate that for a current-generation LArTPC, wherea concentration of 2 parts per million of nitrogen is expected, the attenuationlength due to nitrogen will be 30±3 meters.
Gut Symbiont-Driven Adaptive Evolution of Herbivorous Insect–Plant Interactions and Its Ecological Implications

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The interaction between plants and phytophagous insects is one of the most complex relationships in ecosystems. By acting as direct third-party participants, gut symbionts redefine this binary antagonistic relationship. This article reviews the roles of gut symbionts in the adaptive evolution of phytophagous insects, highlighting their important roles in degrading plant secondary metabolites, modulating plant defense responses, promoting insect nutrient absorption, and shaping immune phenotypes. Gut symbionts not only enhance the adaptability of insects by degrading plant defense compounds, but also significantly influence their physiological adaptation by manipulating plant defense signaling pathways, regulating the immune system of insects, and promoting their rapid adaptation to external stress. When insects are confronted with environmental changes or shifts of host plants, the dynamic plasticity of the gut symbionts provides them with evolutionary advantages. Reviewing the mechanism of action of intestinal symbiotic bacteria in the adaptive evolution of insects is helpful to deepen our understanding of the ecological interaction process between insects and plants.
[Program optimization for bovine somatic cells nuclear transfer].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To optimize program of bovine somatic nuclear transfer, we used two different enucleation procedures (by Spindle-view system & Hoechst 33342 staining), two different procedures to introduce donor nuclei (by ooplasm microinjection & electrofusion), and three different group electrofusion parameters (group 1: 1.9 kV/cm, 10 micros, two; group 2: 1.5 kV/cm, 25 micros, two; group 3: 0.6 kV/cm, 100 micros, one) to reconstruct bovine cloned embryos. The cleavation rates and blastocyst development rates of cloned embryos were used to assess the efficiency of different operational procedure. Finally, the best combination of operational procedure, that the spindle-viewer system was used for oocytes enucleating, and donor cell was electrofused into ooplasm by electrical pulse (1.9 kV/cm, 10 micros, two) to reconstruct bovine cloned embryos. Then the excellent blastocysts were transferred to fosters for producing cloned cattle 80 high-quality cloned blastocysts were transferred into 33 fosters, two cloned calves were produced. According to the results, the optimized program could be used to produce cloned cattle.
MEDITERRANEAN SILVER PRODUCTION AND THE SITE OF ANTAS, SARDINIA

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Summary The article traces the development of Mediterranean silver production from the Iron Age to the time of Rome, focusing on the site of Antas, Sardinia. Antas is located in a rich metalliferous area, which served as a source of lead and silver beyond the regional level. The article takes data on the exploitation of metal resources as a gauge for Mediterranean developments, especially state formation and the rise in maritime connectivity. Sardinian Bronze Age chiefdoms seem not to have mined the local argentiferous ore. But studies of lead isotopes suggest that Iron Age chiefdoms began to do so in response to Phoenician demand. Metal extraction intensified under Carthaginian rule, reaching a peak under the Roman Empire. In addition, at Antas the Carthaginians initiated religious practices, which the Romans continued. This cult activity is hypothesized to result from the cross‐culturally well attested connection between metallurgy and the world of the divine.
Management of the patients with food allergies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

食物アレルギー管理の原則は，正しい診断に基づいた必要最小限の原因食物の除去である．この言葉には正確に診断された原因食物のみを除去するという意味と，食品によっては原因食物であっても摂取可能な範囲までは摂取を行うという2つの意味が含まれている．患者や家族に対しては誤食などによる誘発症状を防止するための注意点を指導すると共に，摂取している食事全体を評価し，必要に応じて管理栄養士による栄養摂取状況の評価および栄養食事指導を行う．また合併するアレルギー疾患を十分にコントロールすることも重要である．
Experimental Research for Suction Performance and its Similarity of Centrifugal Pumps : Studies of Cavitation Aspect and Suction Performance of Centrifugal Pumps, 5th Report

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Past experiments of the effect of pump speed on the suction performance of a centrifugal pump, especally under such a grown cavitation condition as causes the pump head to drop are few. In the present research, suction performances of four centrifugal pumps were examined on wide rages of pump speed and discharge flow-rate, and the effects of pump speed on the suction performance at the incipient and grown cavitation conditions were investigated on the basis of using the law of similarity for suction performances of a centrifugal pump under various speeds, which was introduced in the preceding paper under the assumption that the flow in a pump keeps the geometrical similarity when the pump speed was changed. Then, the suction performances of test pumps were compared with each other and the effects of diverging degree of the cross-sectional area through the impeller passage on the suction performance were discussed.
Fuzzy Inference-Based Adaptive Sonar Control for Collision Avoidance in Autonomous Underwater Vehicles

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This article discusses the use of adaptive control in the sonar scanning sector within an obstacle detection system, to improve the effectiveness of collision avoidance for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). An adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was used for dynamic calculations of the sonar scanning sector. Based on 100 simulation scenarios containing various trajectories created by the mission planner, with various shapes, dimensions and arrangements of static obstacles, and various arrangements and displacement vectors of dynamic obstacles, the effectiveness of the proposed system was tested in comparison with other classical approaches such as a single echosounder and sonar with a fixed scanning sector width. The above sensor configurations were evaluated in terms of the percentage of collision-free trials, the average percentage of trajectory completion, and the average number of activations of the collision avoidance system. Simulations conducted based on the mathematical model of the AUV confirmed that the proposed approach increased the effectiveness of collision avoidance systems for AUVs compared to classical echosounder and sonar-based systems.
A case of brain metastasis of cutaneous B-cell lymphoma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We reported a 41-year-old man of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma with brain metastasis. He manifestated reddish nodules two times during two years. Radiotherapy and combination chemotherapy resulted in a complete remission each time. But 4 years later, nausea, vomitting and hemiparesis appeared. MRI scan revealed multiple lesions showing hypointensity on T1-weighted and hyperintensity on T2-weigheted images of the brain. Enhancement and edema were not observed, which is rare in intracranial lymphoma by CT and/or MRI examination. It was difficult to distinguish malignant lymphoma from multiple sclerosis based on this findings. Administration of dexamethasone reduced the size of lesions at first. But hemiparesis progressed regardless after use of dexamethasone. Based this finding we started whole-brain irradiation, which resulted in respiratory failure. Finally he died of DIC. Autopsy revealed the presence of atypical lymphocytes in the brain. [Skin Cancer (Japan) 2001; 16: 56-61]
Analysis of double‐substrate limited growth

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Mathematical models which relate the growth rate of a microorganism to a single limiting substrate concentration have long been established. In recent years, it has become apparent that, under certain conditions, the growth rate of an organism may be simultaneously limited by two or more substrates. Mathematical models of double‐substrate limitation fall into two categories: interactive and no interactive models. A discussion of both types of models is presented in both conceptual and mathematical terms. An analogous case of an enzyme which requires two different substrates to produce a single product is presented. This enzyme analog indicates that both types of double‐substrate limitation models appear to be feasible under certain conditions. Based upon stoichiometry and specific growth rate‐substrate concentration contour plots, a method for determining the operational conditions which will lead to double‐substrate limitation is presented.
MORPHOLOGICAL, MECHANICAL, THERMAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS: RECYCLED LDPE COMPOSITES FILLED BY BLAST FURNACE DUST

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT This study focused on developing a sustainable composite material using metallic wastes of the iron-steel industry and plastic wastes of the plastic industry in order to reduce resultant waste from the production processes of various industrial products and to sustain waste management of these industries. In this study, different amounts of blast furnace dust (BFD), which is the major iron-steel industry waste and is used as filler for recycled low-density polyethylene (LDPE), was mixed with LDPE to produce the composite material. The morphology, mechanical, vicat softening temperature thermal conductivity, hardness and wear resistance properties of BFD filled LDPE composites were assessed. The increasing of BFD in recycled LDPE improved the heat resistance, increased thermal conductivity and wear resistance of composite materials. In addition, it was found that the composite materials had sufficient mechanical properties, when mechanical tests were evaluated. These results showed that the produced composite material could be used in buildings as a floor coating material and thereby saving raw materials and resources, as well as potentially reducing environmental problems.
AI-enhanced education: exploring the impact of AI literacy on generation Z’s academic performance in Northern India

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to address significant challenges in education, innovate learning and teaching practices and achieve SDG 4. However, existing literature often overlooks the behavioural aspects of students regarding AI in education, focusing predominantly on technical and pedagogical dimensions. Hence, this study aims to explore the significant relationships among AI literacy, AI usage, learning outcomes and academic performance of generation Z students in the Indian educational context. Design/methodology/approach The study used structural equation modelling (SEM) on Gen Z students born in the years 1997–2012 as a sample population for the research in the north Indian states like Punjab, Haryana, Himachal and regions like Chandigarh and N.C.R. Delhi. Findings The results established significant positive relationships between AI literacy, AI usage, AI learning outcomes and academic performance. Specifically, higher levels of AI literacy were associated with increased engagement with AI technologies and tools for learning purposes, leading to better learning outcomes and academic performance. The findings demonstrated that AI literacy plays a crucial role in providing effective learning experiences and fostering skills such as problem-solving and critical thinking among Gen Z students. Research limitations/implications The implications of the study include the significance of integrating AI education initiatives into curricula, prioritising professional development programmes for educators and making sure that every student has equitable access to AI technologies. Originality/value The study introduces a novel perspective by examining variables such as AI literacy, AI usage, AI learning outcomes and academic performance and developing a model that has not been previously studied. It provides a new discourse and proposes a framework uniquely combining AI-infused curriculum design, educator empowerment, robust assessment mechanisms and sustainable practices.
Autoregulation of flow in isolated rat kidney in the absence of red cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A method was devised for the perfusion of isolated rat kidney without interruption of flow. The flow pattern obtained with cell-free dextran at a constant pressure showed a stable period of maximal flow for about 15–30 minutes. Thereafter the flow resistance of the kidney increased continuously. Autoregulation was maximal during the period of maximal flow, but thereafter deteriorated until it disappeared completely. The autoregulation was diminished by Priscoline and completely but reversibly abolished by procaine. It was concluded that autoregulation involves a physiological rather than a ‘cell separation’ mechanism.