jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Projected future climate changes in the context of geological and geomorphological hazards

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

On palaeoclimate time scales, enhanced levels of geological and geomorphological activity have been linked to climatic factors, including examples of processes that are expected to be important in current and future anthropogenic climate change. Planetary warming leading to increased rainfall, ice-mass loss and rising sea levels is potentially relevant to geospheric responses in many geologically diverse regions. Anthropogenic climate change, therefore, has the potential to alter the risk of geological and geomorphological hazards through the twenty-first century and beyond. Here, we review climate change projections from both global and regional climate models in the context of geohazards. In assessing the potential for geospheric responses to climate change, it appears prudent to consider regional levels of warming of 2°C above average pre-industrial temperature as being potentially unavoidable as an influence on processes requiring a human adaptation response within this century. At the other end of the scale when considering changes that could be avoided by reduction of emissions, scenarios of unmitigated warming exceeding 4°C in the global average include much greater local warming in some regions. However, considerable further work is required to better understand the uncertainties associated with these projections, uncertainties inherent not only in the climate modelling but also in the linkages between climate change and geospheric responses.
Estimating the dietary and health impact of implementing front-of-pack nutrition labeling in Canada: A macrosimulation modeling study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

<div><strong>Background:</strong> Front-of-pack labeling (FOPL) has been identified as a cost-effective policy to promote healthy diets. Health Canada has recently published FOPL regulations that will require food and beverages that meet or exceed set thresholds for sodium, sugars, or saturated fat to display a 'high in' symbol on the front of the package. Although a promising measure, its potential impact on dietary intakes and health have not yet been estimated in Canada.</div> <div><strong>Objective:</strong> This study aims to estimate (1) the potential dietary impact of implementing a mandatory FOPL among Canadian adults; and (2) the number of diet-related non-communicable disease (NCD) deaths that could be averted or delayed due to these estimated dietary changes.</div> <div><strong>Methods:</strong> Baseline and counterfactual usual intakes of sodium, total sugars, saturated fats, and calories were estimated among Canadian adults (<em>n</em> = 11,992) using both available days of 24 h recalls from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition. The National Cancer Institute method was used to estimate usual intakes, and adjusted for age, sex, misreporting status, weekend/weekday, and sequence of recall. Estimated counterfactual dietary intakes were modeled from reductions observed in experimental and observational studies that examined changes in sodium, sugars, saturated fat, and calorie content of food purchases in the presence of a 'high in' FOPL (four counterfactual scenarios). The Preventable Risk Integrated ModEl was used to estimate potential health impacts.</div> <div><strong>Results:</strong> Estimated mean dietary reductions were between 31 and 212 mg/day of sodium, 2.3 and 8.7 g/day of total sugars, 0.8 and 3.7 g/day of saturated fats, and 16 and 59 kcal/day of calories. Between 2,183 (95% UI 2,008-2,361) and 8,907 (95% UI 8,095-9,667) deaths due to diet-related NCDs, mostly from cardiovascular diseases (~70%), could potentially be averted or delayed by implementing a 'high in' FOPL in Canada. This estimation represents between 2.4 and 9.6% of the total number of diet-related NCD deaths in Canada.</div> <div><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Results suggest that implementing a FOPL could significantly reduce sodium, total sugar, and saturated fat intakes among Canadian adults and subsequently prevent or postpone a substantial number of diet-related NCD deaths in Canada. These results provide critical evidence to inform policy decisions related to implementing FOPL in Canada.</div>
Historical assembly of Zygophyllaceae in the Atacama Desert

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Atacama Desert harbors a unique arid-adapted flora with a high degree of endemism, the origin of which is poorly understood. In the Atacama Desert, Zygophyllaceae is represented by five endemic species: one member of Zygophylloideae: Fagonia chilensis; and four members of Larreoideae: Bulnesia chilensis and Porlieria chilensis, the only representatives in the Atacama Desert of genera with disjunct distributions between Argentina, Peru and Chile; and monotypic endemic genera Metharme lanata and Pintoa chilensis. Zygophyllaceae are thus a particularly suitable group for studying the historical assembly of the Atacama Desert flora as each of these species may represent independent biogeographical events. We made use of published as well as original plastid DNA sequences (rbcL, trnL-trnF & trnS-trnG) to reevaluate the phylogenetic relationships of the Atacama Zygophyllaceae. Bayesian divergence time estimates as implemented in BEAST2 and ancestral area reconstruction with the Dispersal Extinction Cladogenesis approach using BioGeoBEARS were applied to infer ancestral ranges. We compiled the most complete data set of Larreoideae to date with 25 of 28 species. Bulnesia rivas-martinezii from Bolivia forms a clade with Pintoa chilensis from the Atacama Desert, rendering the genus Bulnesia paraphyletic. Most representatives of Zygophyllaceae colonized the Atacama Desert during the Miocene, and only Fagonia dispersed more recently. The colonization history of the Atacama Desert in South America is reflected by three individual distribution patterns or floristic elements. The presence of Bulnesia, Pintoa, and Metharme is best explained by Andean vicariance, while the southern Atacama Desert representative, Porlieria chilensis, has a continuous distribution into central Chile from where it probably dispersed further north. The only South American Fagonia species (F. chilensis) likely colonized the Chilean-Peruvian Coastal Desert via long distance dispersal from North America.
31 Development and Characterization of a Generation System for Airborne Diisocyanates

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Diisocyanates are fast-reacting semi-volatile compounds and one of the main components in the production of polyurethane-based materials. They are known as a predominant causal agent of occupational asthma. Discrepancies within well-documented and validated methods were observed and factual explanations of these discrepancies are not yet available. A more in-depth investigation of isocyanate measurement methods' efficiencies should be undertaken. The objective of this study was to develop a system capable of generating diisocyanate vapor and fine particle atmospheres with control of parameters such as concentration levels and vapor/particle partitioning. Two generation approaches were used: nebulization and heating. A controlled air flow (RH and T°) was combined to the generator's effluent in a mixing chamber and transferred, downstream, to an exposure chamber. A splitter collected eight samples simultaneously. The isocyanate measurement method used a glass fibre filter with 9-methylaminomethyl-anthracene (GF+MAMA). The particles were analyzed using a particle analyzer (Fidas Frog) and the particle size distribution of the isocyanates was obtained using a Marple impactor. Diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (MDI) was generated with both generation approaches. The system was able to generate stable concentrations over time at different levels (5 to 50 µg/m3). Intratest variability was lower than 10% (RSD). By cross-referencing the data obtained by the particle counter and the Marple impactors, it was possible to document the particle-size distribution and vapor/particle partitioning of the MDI generated within the parameters used. The versatility of this system makes it a highly promising tool for assessing the performance of different diisocyanate measurement methods.
Familial Alopecia Areata and Overview of Alopecia Areata at Lagos University Teaching Hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Alopecia areata (AA), an asymptomatic, non-scarring, hair loss on the scalp and/ or body is nowregarded as an autoimmune inflammatory disorder. Aim: This is a report of 2 female siblings with AA of early onset (two years); and review of dermatology clinic data ofpatients to determine the frequency, sex and age distribution of patients with alopecia areata.Case Summary and Result: Two female siblings presented with alopecia areata with onset at age 2 years. The oldersibling who presented at age 9 with 7 years history of progressive loss of hair (alopecia totalis); while the youngersibling who was 2 years presented with 6 month history of alopecia areata (ophiasis pattern). The male siblings werenot affected and no family or personal history of atopy, thyroid disorders and autoimmune disorders. Alopecia areata accounted for approximately 1.7% of the total clinic attendance at the dermatology outpatient of theLagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH). There was a female preponderance with a male to female ratio of 1:1.6.Most of the patients presented in the third and fourth decades of life.Conclusion: Severity of AA at first consultation is an important prognostic factor. The prognosis is worse in children.
Rare case of Budd-Chiari Syndrome with recurrent thrombosis requiring stenting

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Budd-Chiari syndrome is a very rare disorder in paediatric age group, which is characterised by narrowing or obstruction of hepatic venous outflow.The obstruction might be thrombotic or non-thrombotic along the course of hepatic venules to junction of inferior vena cava to the right atrium, which leads to abdominal pain in right hypochondrium, hepatomegaly, ascites and portal hypertension.The cause of venous obstruction in children is mainly due to hypercoagulable state.The mean age of Budd-Chiari syndrome is 20-40 years, but here we can see that it occurs in paediatric age group, so good clinical suspicion is required along with investigation to confirm the diagnosis.Traditional approach to the treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome is systemic thrombolysis or surgical Porto systemic shunt.Recently, successful treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome is done by endovascular techniques, including angioplasty and stent placement.Here, in this case it shows a successful percutaneous recanalization of complete hepatic vein occlusion by angioplasty and stent placement.
ENGOT-EN20/GOG-3083/xport-EC-042: A phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial of selinexor in maintenance therapy after systemic therapy for patients with P53 wild-type, advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

TPS5627 Background: Patients (pts) with first-line metastatic or recurrent endometrial cancer (EC) have a poor prognosis. Selinexor is an oral XPO1 inhibitor, which leads to nuclear accumulation of tumor suppressor proteins, including p53. Selinexor is FDA-approved for use in multiple myeloma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and has shown clinical activity in previously treated, advanced EC. Molecular characterization of EC is critical in directing treatment for advanced and recurrent disease. Of the EC molecular subtypes, TP53 wild type (wt) tumors represent 50% of advanced and recurrent tumors. A recent phase 3 study in maintenance after chemotherapy found that, despite the primary endpoint (PFS) not reaching statistical significance, prolonged PFS of oral once-weekly selinexor versus placebo (13.7 months and 3.7 months, respectively) was observed in a prespecified exploratory subgroup analysis of patients with advanced or recurrent TP53wt EC. Methods: XPORT-EC-042 (NCT05611931) is a Phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of selinexor as maintenance therapy in pts with TP53wt advanced or recurrent EC, who have achieved a partial response or complete response per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1 after completing at least 12 weeks of platinum combination chemotherapy ±immunotherapy for primary stage IV or recurrent disease. Eligible pts must be ≥18 years of age, have histologically confirmed EC, and TP53 wt disease based on NGS sequencing assessed by Foundation Medicine. Pts will be randomized 1:1 with either selinexor 60 mg or placebo once weekly in 28-day cycles until progressive disease, toxicity, or 3 years if in complete response. A total of 220 pts will be enrolled at sites across the United States, Canada, Europe, and Israel. The primary objective is to compare PFS in pts treated with selinexor compared to placebo based on RECIST v1.1 criteria as assessed by the Investigator. Key secondary objective is overall survival. Other secondary objectives are safety, time to first subsequent therapy, time to second subsequent therapy, time from randomization until the second progression event (PFS2), and PFS by a blinded independent central review. Patient enrollment is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT05611931 .
A Universal Method For Effusive-Flow Characterization of Target/Vapor Transport Systems For RIB Generation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Decay losses associated with the times required for diffusion‐release from ISOL production targets and to effusively‐flow to the ion source are principal means whereby short half‐life radioactive species are lost between initial formation and utilization. We have developed an experimental method that can be used to determine effusive‐flow times of arbitrary geometry target/vapor transport systems. The technique utilizes a fast valve to measure effusive‐flow times as short as 0.1 ms for any chemically active or inactive species through any target system, independent of size, geometry and materials of construction. In this report, we describe the effusive‐flow experimental arrangement and provide time spectra for noble gases through prototype RIB target/vapor‐transport systems.
Building an emotional brand via digital channels: A case study of the not-for-profit landscape in Ireland

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper considered the theories of emotional branding in the context of the not-for-profit landscape in Ireland. This research sought to explore current emotional branding practises, consumer-brand relations and digital brand building. \n \nA qualitative approach was used to conduct this case study research. Interviews with industry professionals who engaged in emotional branding practises in the not-for-profit sector were conducted and rich data was gathered. A desire among interviewees to continue developing emotional branding strategies was identified. Contrasting opinions of consumer-brand relationships were discussed and best practises for emotional branding were identified. \n \nIn light of the findings, this research suggested key actions for marketers to undertake before engaging in emotional branding strategies. This paper highlights the gaps in current academic literature in the areas of emotional branding and brand-consumer relationship building and emphasizes the need for further research in these areas.
An Enduring Relationship: The Military and Politics in Twentieth-Century Panama

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the previous chapter, I analyzed the historical and structural factors that shaped the development of the political culture of Panama's elites during this century. I identified four phenomena: (1) the dominance of the transit route as the principal mode of production; (2) the influence of extra-territorial powers, particularly the United States; (3) the level of ideological homogeneity among elites; and (4) the level of control over government demonstrated by those who ruled Panama.KeywordsPresidential ElectionPolitical CultureNational PoliceNational GuardMilitary RegimeThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Interaction of Normal Blood Glucose Level with Mouth Shape

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

A investigation was established to locate the association of regular blood glucose level with the shape of mouth.Approximately 200 persons were partook in the current survey.For the measurement of blood glucose level, we took digital glucometer then we took the blood of 200 subjects for the measurement of fasting blood glucose level.We took drop of blood from 200 persons with the glucometer which gave us their blood sugar level It was obvious that the regular level of blood glucose had scientific interaction with the shape of mouth because the value of p is lower than 0.05 that's why the result was significant.
Measuring Cognitive and Dispositional Characteristics of Creativity in Elementary Students

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This article describes the theoretical underpinning and development of a measurement instrument that provides teachers with a tool to observe the personal creativity characteristics of individual students. The instrument was developed by compiling a list of characteristics derived from the literature to be indicative of the personal characteristics of creative people. The list was then reduced by grouping like characteristics to 9 cognitive and dispositional traits that were considered appropriate for elementary students. The 9-item instrument was then administered in 24 classrooms to 520 Year 6 and Year 7 students. Factor analysis using maximum likelihood extraction with an oblimin rotation revealed a single factor with an eigenvalue greater than 1 and accounting for 63% of the variance. All 9 items on this factor loaded at .72 or greater. The results indicated that the Creativity Checklist has very high internal consistency and is a reliable measurement instrument (a = .93).
The Impact of Social Media in the Public Sector

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In recent years the flood of new technologies and the expanded use of social media have already changed the way people communicate with each other. New technologies and social media, however, can change the communication between Government and the citizens as they contribute decisively to the transformation of public administration towards a new and open format that will be characterized by: a) active participation of citizens in public affairs, b) close collaboration between public services and between government and citizens, and c) transparency of the State activities. The transition to an open governance is a process with many stages. This paper presents different models of e-government and open government referred to in the literature, and proposes a new model of open government. Furthermore, in this paper we will try to answer questions such as: What are the guidelines and commitments to Greece, Europe and the world? What is the level of penetration of new technologies in public administration in different countries and which ones are actively moving towards a model of open government? We will also present representative efforts developed in Greece and abroad that attempt to serve the principles of transparency, active participation, innovation and collaboration in the public sector. Finally suggestions and recommendations are made for further study and research.
Comparison of drying methods for biochemical composition, energy aspects, and color properties of alfalfa hay

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Alfalfa is a crucial feed source for livestock, necessitating proper drying to achieve optimal moisture levels before consumption. This study aims to reveal alfalfa's drying characteristics and quality properties, defined as the queen of feed, by drying it under different drying conditions. Alfalfa samples were dried using different drying techniques: Open-sun, shade, greenhouse, hybrid (microwave-air-convective), air-convective, microwave, and freeze-drying. The influence of drying techniques on the drying kinetics, energy aspects, biochemical properties, mineral composition, fatty acids, carotene, and color attributes of alfalfa were investigated. Present findings revealed that shade and high-temperature drying conditions increased the crude fiber content (23.18%) of alfalfa samples. The highest protein values were found in open-sun drying (22.01%) and 60 °C air-convective drying (22.10%). The highest values for mineral composition were determined in freeze drying, and the greatest Zn (33.68 ppm) and Fe (135.45 ppm) contents were determined in 100 °C air-convective drying. The highest saturated fatty acids open-sun (21.27%) and freeze dryer (21.07%), unsaturated fatty acids at 60 °C (84.51%) and 80 °C (84.26%), poly unsaturated fatty acids at 60 °C (78.36%), 80 °C (78.14%) and 100 °C (77.74%) were obtained. The drying kinetics of alfalfa were best modeled with the Jena&Das, and in terms of a* (greenness) values, the hybrid drying yielded the best results. The lowest total energy consumption (54.00 kWh) was seen in 200W + 80 °C hybrid drying and the highest (324.72 kWh) in 100 °C air-convective drying. The color attributes and energy consumption findings showed that hybrid drying could efficiently be used for alfalfa drying. In addition, freeze drying was determined to be the best drying method in terms of nutrient preservation.
Graph Contrastive Learning Incorporating Multi-influence and Preference for Social Recommendation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

At present,social recommendation methods based on graph neural network mainly alleviate the cold start problem by jointly modeling the explicit and implicit relationships of social information and interactive information.Although these methods aggregate social relations and user-item interaction relations well,they ignore that the higher-order implicit relations do not have the same impacts on each user.And these supervised methods are susceptible to popularity bias.In addition,these methods mainly focus on the collaborative function between users and items,but do not make full use of the similarity relations between items.Therefore,this paper proposes a social recommendation algorithm (SocGCL) that incorporates multiple influences and prefe-rences into graph contrastive learning.On the one hand,a fusion mechanism for nodes(users and items) and a fusion mechanism for graphs are introduced,taking into account the similarity relations between items.The fusion mechanism for nodes distinguishes the different impacts of different nodes in the graph on the target node,while the fusion mechanism for graphs aggregates the node embedding representations of multiple graphs.On the other hand,by adding random noise for cross-layer graph contrastive learning,the cold start problem and popularity bias of social recommendation can be effectively alleviated.Experimental results on two real-world datasets show that SocGCL outperforms the baselines and effectively improves the performance of social recommendation.
Benzothiazines in Synthesis. Toward the Synthesis of Pseudopteroxazole

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

[reaction: see text] The tricyclic benzothiazine 15 was prepared in a straightforward fashion via a completely stereoselective intramolecular Friedel-Crafts alkylation. This compound represents a potential precursor to the antitubercular agent, pseudopteroxazole. Its synthesis proceeded via a completely selective, intramolecular addition of a sulfoximine-stabilized carbanion to an alpha,beta-unsaturated ester, followed by functional group manipulations.