jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ApoBandNon‐HDLCholesterol VersusLDLCholesterol for Ischemic Stroke Risk

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Conflicting results have been reported on the association between lipids and risk of ischemic stroke. We tested the hypothesis that the burden of ischemic stroke attributable to either elevated apolipoprotein B (apoB) or non‐high‐density lipoprotein (non‐HDL) cholesterol is higher than that attributable to elevated low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Methods We included 104,618 individuals from an ongoing cohort study, the Copenhagen General Population Study. The associations of quintiles of apoB, non‐HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol with risk of ischemic stroke were estimated by Cox proportional hazards regressions with 95% confidence intervals. With 1 st quintile as reference, the proportion of ischemic stroke attributable to the 2 nd , 3 rd , 4 th , and 5 th quintiles of apoB, non‐HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol were estimated by population attributable fractions. Results Higher quintiles of apoB and non‐HDL cholesterol were associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke (both trends: p < 0.0001), whereas for LDL cholesterol this association was somewhat attenuated (trend: p = 0.0005). A similar pattern was seen for population attributable fraction values. Compared to individuals in the 1 st quintile, the combined proportion of ischemic stroke attributable to individuals in the 2 nd to 5 th quintiles was 16.3% for apoB (levels >82 mg/dL), 14.7% for non‐HDL cholesterol (>3.0 mmol/L; >117 mg/dL), and 6.8% for LDL cholesterol (>2.4 mmol/L; >94 mg/dL). Interpretation The proportion of ischemic stroke attributable to either elevated apoB or non‐HDL cholesterol was double that attributable to elevated LDL cholesterol. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:379–389
A simplified analysis of the dynamic stress intensity factor for 3-D surface cracks.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The line-spring model developed by Rice and Levy has proven to be an effective tool for evaluating stress intensity factors in surface-cracked plates. Application of the model, however, has been restricted to problems of static loading conditions. In this paper, the dynamic line-spring model is newly constructed to obtain an approximate dynamic response of a plate containing a surface crack. For an example of the application of the present model, the dynamic response of a plate which contains two semi-elliptical surface cracks and is subjected to a uniform vibrating loading at each end of the plate is analyzed. The dynamic stress intensity factor is calculated for the frequency of vibration along the crack front of the surface crack. It is observed that the dynamic stress intensity factor increases rapidly near the resonance frequency of the surface-cracked plate, which is lower than that of a uniform plate.
Nonparametric efficiency analysis with unobserved inputs in multi-output settings

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Transport service providers are increasingly interested in benchmarking. The digitized nature of railway management, which relies heavily on automation and intangible inputs, conflicts with standard assumptions in the benchmarking literature that maintain full knowledge of all input factors. This creates a potential for omitted variable bias during efficiency measurement. In addition, designing accurate improvement actions requires output-specific rather than overall efficiency scores. To address these concerns we compute output-specific cost efficiency scores for multi-output entities where a subset of inputs remain unobserved to the analyst. We apply the method to highly customized data on Belgian railway traffic control rooms. We document that the magnitude of the omitted variable bias differs across outputs. Moreover, the results of a metafrontier analysis suggest that there are substantial differences in production possibilities across control rooms.
Molecular phylogeny of a green microalga isolated from White Sea sponge Halichondria panicea (Pallas, 1766)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Molecular identification of eukaryotic microalga 1Hp86E-2 isolated from White Sea sponge Halichondria panicea (Pallas, 1766) was conducted, and phylogenetic analysis was carried out using the nucleotide sequence of 18S rRNA gene (GenBank, no. JX437624). Isolated microalga was classified to the genus Desmodesmus. Microalga 1Hp86E-2 proved to be closely related to the algae Desmodesmus sp. 3Dp86E-1, Desmodesmus sp. 2C166E, and Desmodesmus sp. 1Pm66B isolated from White Sea invertebrates. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these closely related organisms belong to a monophyletic group.
Failure Analysis of In/Au Solder Joints

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Aimed at the problem of In/Au solder joints in microwave circuit, the microstructure and components of In/Au solder joints were analyzed and the failure modes for die bonding by In/Au were documented. The failure causes were discussed and preventive measures were suggested. Non-control of temperature and oxidation of solder lead to decrement of the die shear strength: if the bonding temperature is too high, all gold would be formed Au/In alloy with indium and no gold layer left; if the solder are oxided, which is responsible for local non-wetting between gold and indium. According to the analysis we suggested that it would be better to control temperature precise and use the protective atmosphere of nitrogen, experiment results significantly favored the processing of microwave circuit
NAPLES STUDY (NORMOTHERMIC MACHINE PERFUSION OF THE LIVER TO ENABLE THE SICKEST FIRST): PRELIMINARY RESULTS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Demand for liver transplant remains high, with waiting list mortality of 20-40%. In the United Kingdom the National Liver Offering Scheme (NLOS) disadvantages high-risk candidates; some never receive offers whilst 25% of retrieved organs are discarded nationally. We introduced Normothermic mAchine Perfusion of the Liver to Enable the high risk recipientS (NAPLES) project to use marginal grafts using Normothermic Machine Perfusion (NMP) to serve high-risk candidates. We report early outcomes using marginal Donation after Brainstem Death (DBD) grafts that would otherwise be declined for high risk recipients. Methods: Prospective data of preliminary analysis of first 14months since the project started. Patients were consented to receive a marginal NLOS or fast-track (FT) DBD liver after NMP. Back-to-base NMP was performed and the organ transplanted if previously defined Birmingham viability criteria were fulfilled. Data is reported as median (range) where applicable. Results: 35 DBD livers were included in NAPLES project [median donor age 51 (29-78) years], median BMI 27 (17-40), 25/35 grafts (71%) were steatotic (>moderate steatosis; n=15). Median CIT was 380 (127-709) min, and median DRI was 1.71 (1.28-2.74). After a median of 720 min of perfusion time, 26 grafts fulfilled criteria for transplantation (72%). Median recipient age was 45 years (18-69). The majority (58%) were re-transplants with median UKELD 57 (46-66). Median operative time was 895 min (251-800). Median Peak ALT post-transplant was 545 IU/L (160-2452) with median ITU stay was 5.5 days. There was no primary non-function, 23% of Clavien-Dindo 3-4 morbidity was observed, and 9 patients (34%) required post op renal support. Median LOS was 17 days. There was 100% patient survival in 90-days and until last follow up only 2 patients (7.6%) have required retransplantation. Conclusions: The use of NMP has allowed safe transplantation of marginal liver grafts into high risk patients, with no mortality and 7.6% graft loss. Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham Charity.
A phase II basket study of MCLA-128, a bispecific antibody targeting the HER3 pathway, in NRG1 fusion-positive advanced solid tumors.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

TPS3654 Background: NRG1 fusions are oncogenic drivers across various cancers. NRG1 fusion proteins bind to HER3, leading to HER2/HER3 heterodimerization, increased downstream signaling, and tumor growth. Clinical responses to anti-HER3 antibodies or HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been reported. In contrast to these agents, MCLA-128 is a HER2/HER3 bispecific antibody that blocks both NRG1 binding and HER2/3 dimerization. Two patients with chemotherapy-resistant ATP1B1-NRG1-positive pancreatic KRAS-wild-type adenocarcinomas who received MCLA-128 through FDA-approved single-patient Investigational New Drug (IND) applications showed significant tumor shrinkage and durable tumor marker (CA-19-9) response. These data support the evaluation of MCLA-128 in NRG1 fusion-positive tumors using a basket approach. Methods: This is a global, open-label, multicenter phase 2 basket trial of MCLA-128 in patients with solid tumors harboring NRG1 gene fusions. Main eligibility criteria are locally advanced unresectable or metastatic cancers harboring an NRG1 fusion, and failure under prior standard therapy appropriate for the tumor type and disease stage. Genomic screening of tumor tissue is done at a local laboratory (with post-hoc central confirmation) or central laboratory (RNA sequencing). Three NRG1 fusion-positive tumor cohorts are being evaluated: pancreatic cancer, NSCLC, and other solid tumors. The sample size for the first two cohorts is up to 25 patients; the basket group may enroll up to 40 patients. The primary endpoint for all cohorts is investigator-assessed objective response rate (RECIST v1.1). The key secondary endpoint is duration of response. Other secondary endpoints include progression-free and overall survival. Eligible patients receive a bi-weekly dosing regimen of 750 mg of MCLA-128 (2-hour infusion), every 2 weeks, in 4-week cycles. The study is actively accruing patients in North America, Europe, and Asia. Previously presented at ESMO 2019, 685TiP, Schram et al.-Reused with permission. Clinical trial information: NCT02912949 .
A Critical Need for Better Cancer Immunotherapy Models: Are Organotypic Tumor Spheroid Cultures the Answer?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Summary: Immunotherapy has transformed the therapeutic landscape of cancer, but the preclinical evaluation of combination approaches that will deepen and broaden its clinical benefit has lagged far behind due to the lack of expedient and easily accessible ex vivo human systems. In this issue, Jenkins and colleagues and Deng and colleagues report the use of organotypic cultures of tumors derived from mice and humans containing both tumor cells and cells from their local immune microenvironment to recapitulate the in vivo use of immune checkpoint inhibitors and extend the application of this system to therapeutic combinations of immune checkpoint blockade and molecularly targeted agents. Cancer Discov; 8(2); 143–5. ©2018 AACR. See related article by Jenkins et al., p. 196. See related article by Deng et al., p. 216.
Reactivity of tricine in the presence of Cu(ClO 4 ) 2 .6H 2 O and 2,2'-bipyridine: Synthesis, characterization and magnetic property of the complexes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Three complexes, [Cu(bpy)(μ-OH)]2·2ClO4 (1) [Cu(H4TRI)(bpy)]ClO4 (2) and [Cu3(bpy)5(μ-O)(NO3)]2·6ClO4 (3) {H4TRI= tricine, bpy= 2,2'-bipyridine} have been synthesized and characterized using their IR, UV-vis and ESR spectroscopic data , elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The π-π interaction along the a-axis in complex (1) provides a channeltype structure while similar interaction in complex (2) generates a channel with floating ClO4 anions. Complex (3) comprises a pair of Cu(II) centers connected via (μ2-O) oxo bridges. These are further linked to Cu3 and Cu3#1 centers via oxygen atoms of the nitrate anion. The assembled structure of this complex along the caxis displays a zig-zag chain formation. The variable temperature magnetic measurement of a representative complex (3), [Cu3(bpy)5(μ-O)(NO3)]2·6ClO4, shows that two of the Cu(II) centers couple ferromagnetically.
Experimental studies on freshwater zooplankton in Brazil: a scientometric analysis from 1978 to 2023

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Aim This study aims to contribute to elucidating the importance of experimental research on freshwater zooplankton communities in Brazil through a scientometric analysis. Methods Web of Science, SciELO, and Scopus databases were used to compile 249 scientific papers published between 1978 and 2023. The extracted data included the year of publication, geographical location, experiment characteristics (type, scale, duration), species or taxa studied, and research topics. Quantitative and qualitative syntheses were performed to provide a systematic understanding of experimental studies on freshwater zooplankton. Results The analysis revealed a significant increase in the number of experimental papers over time, with a higher concentration of studies in the Southeastern region of Brazil. Laboratory experiments were conducted with greater frequency than field experiments, mainly microcosms. Predation, chemical pollutants, and eutrophication emerged as frequently addressed research topics. On the other hand, certain topics, such as metapopulation dynamics and microplastics, were relatively underrepresented in the literature. Despite the crucial role of experimental research on freshwater zooplankton in advancing ecological understanding in Brazil, there is an unequal distribution of these studies across the country, indicating the need for investment and more researchers prepared and interested in studying with experiments in certain regions. Addressing the gaps identified in this review, such as metapopulation dynamics and dispersion, along with emerging threats like invasions, microplastics, pathogens, cumulative stressors, emerging contaminants, and nanomaterials, will be essential for generating scientific knowledge to inform effective management strategies to preserve freshwater zooplankton biodiversity amidst ongoing environmental changes. Conclusions This review underscores the importance of expanding experimental research across diverse regions and underexplored topics to enhance our ecological understanding and better manage freshwater zooplankton biodiversity in Brazil.
Margaret Atwood’s Reception in Canada and the United States: A Comparative Analysis of North American Reviews of The Blind Assassin

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Based on a large corpus of reviews from Canada and the USA and taking into account my recent large-scale study of the reception of Margaret Atwood’s earlier novels in both North American countries, this article investigates how the reviewer’s nationality and that of the review’s target audience factor into the reception of a writer’s works. This is exemplarily documented in a case study of Atwood’s novel The Blind Assassin (2000), published at the end of her middle creative period. What do the reviews focus on and are there any striking differences attributable to the national and cultural context the review was written in and for? Was the evaluative response to the novel in the two North American countries similar or did it deviate significantly?
Role of Clofazimine in Management of Reactions in Leprosy

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Clofazimine is a synthetic dye that has been used in the treatment of leprosy since many years. Its role in the treatment of lepra reactions was subsequently recognized. When the dose of 300 mg/day is used, it doubles the serum concentration of the drug and supposedly exerts potent anti-neutrophilic effect and inhibits of prostaglandins. Our personal experience with high dosages of clofazimine in type II lepra reactions and review of the literature suggests that clofazimine has been extremely useful in providing good and satisfactory results in leprosy patients suffering from these embarrassing conditions. The anti-inflammatory effect of clofazimine is greatly useful in managing recurrent and chronic type II reactions with its steroid-sparing effect and providing an alternate and in expensive option.
Experience of boron neutron capture therapy in Japan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In Japan the boron neutron capture therapy has been applied to more than 200 patients, mostly brain tumors and some melanomas. For brain tumors, Kyoto University, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Tsukuba University and National Kagawa Children's Hospital accept patients, and for melanomas, Kobe University and Mishima Institute of Dermatological Research accept patients so far. Recently the heavy water facility of Kyoto University Reactor has been upgraded for epithermal neutron as well as thermal neutron irradiations, and for the patient treatment during the continuous operation of the KUR.
Methods and Test Cases for Linking Physics-Based Earthquake and Tsunami Models

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Despite the inter-dependence of long term deformation, earthquakes and tsunamis, few modelling approaches bridge these processes. To advance the understanding of tsunami generation and earthquake-tsunami interactions, we present new methods for linking physics-based models of subduction zone geodynamics and seismic cycling, three-dimensional dynamic earthquake rupture, and tsunami generation, propagation and inundation. This modeling framework ensures mechanical consistency across temporal and spatial scales. We first present a simplified earthquake-tsunami test case, in which an earthquake rupture occurs on a planar, dipping fault surrounded by a homogeneous material and loaded by a depth-dependent stress field. This is linked to a hydrostatic tsunami model by porting the coseismic seafloor displacements. We detail the applied filters and discuss adequate spatial resolutions for this linkage. We compare tsunamis produced by two earthquake sources that vary by fault strength, and therefore slip, along the top of the fault near the seafloor. The earthquakes exhibit different rupture velocities and slip distributions, while the seafloor displacements and resulting tsunamis are more similar. This demonstrates the utility of linked models to evaluate the effects of certain earthquake characteristics on tsunami behavior. The second test case is more complex, with the initial conditions for the dynamic earthquake rupture scenario taken from a model of long term subduction zone geodynamics and seismic cycling. These conditions include the lithology, stress field, fault geometry, and fault strength, which are physically consistent with one another due to their development together over many slip events in the subduction scenario. Nucleation and rupture propagation occur spontaneously in the linked earthquake scenario. The time-dependent seafloor displacements are used to dynamically source the tsunami. We also compare this dynamically sourced tsunami with a tsunami sourced by the final, static displacements and find that the temporal variation in displacements has a clear influence on the solution. This demonstrates the utility of linked models to isolate the effects of certain modeling choices on the results. In order to encourage widespread use of these test cases, relevant materials are provided publicly. These methods facilitate research into the physical relationships between processes operating across the spatial and temporal time scales of long term deformation, earthquake rupture, and tsunami propagation.
Filial Maturity, Resolution of a Parent’s Disease, and Well-Being in Offspring of Parents Diagnosed with Alzheimer’s Disease

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is one of the most common forms of dementia. However, research dealing with the experience of adult children of a parent diagnosed with AD, regardless of whether the offspring is a caregiver, is not well developed. Objective: The current research is a cross-sectional study that examines the associations between filial maturity, offspring’s coming to terms with their parent’s AD, and the well-being of the offspring. Method: one hundred and forty Israeli adult children of parents with AD participated in the study and completed self-report questionnaires assessing their filial maturity, resolution of their parent’s diagnosis with AD, the adult children’s well-being, and the severity of the parent’s AD according neurologist’s report.Results: Results showed that higher resolution of the parent’s disease was positively associated with well-being. In addition, filial maturity was negatively associated with resolution of the parent’s disease, and resolution of the parent’s disease mediated the association between filial maturity and well-being. Conclusion: Resolution of a parent’s AD is highly challenging for offspring with high filial maturity, and the lack of resolution affects their well-being. Offering prolonged emotional support for offspring of parents diagnosed with AD may improve their ability to integrate the new reality into their lives and foster their well-being.
Molecular Recognition‐Mediated Transformation of Single‐Chain Polymer Nanoparticles into Crosslinked Polymer Films

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We describe single‐chain polymer nanoparticles (SCNPs) possessing intramolecular dynamic covalent crosslinks that can transform into polymer films through a molecular recognition‐mediated crosslinking process. The SCNPs utilise molecular recognition with surface‐immobilised proteins to concentrate upon a substrate, bringing the SCNPs into close spatial proximity with one another and allowing their dynamic covalent crosslinkers to undergo intra‐ to interpolymer chain crosslinking leading to the formation of polymeric film. SCNPs must possess both the capacity for specific molecular recognition and a dynamic nature to their intramolecular crosslinkers to form polymer films, and an investigation of the initial phase of film formation indicates it proceeds from features which form upon the surface then grow predominantly in the xy directions. This approach to polymer film formation presents a potential method to “wrap” surfaces displaying molecular recognition motifs—which could potentially include viral, cellular and bacterial surfaces or artificial surfaces displaying multivalent recognition motifs—within a layer of polymer film.
Pengendalian Kualitas Produk Dengan Metode Six Sigma Pada PT XYZ

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

PT. XYZ is a fouindry company that produiceis drinking wateir pipei conneictions & drainagei componeints, onei of which is a meianholei coveir and framei produict that will bei thei objeict of reiseiarch. Thei probleims that occuir arei still fouind many produict deifeicts suich as porouis deifeicts, starei marks, damageid writing, not intact, tabeit deifeicts. So that thei company eixpeirieinceid an increiasei in produiction costs. Thei total produiction of meital fouindrieis duiring Januiary to Deiceimbeir 2022 amouinteid to 4755 pieiceis, thein eixpeirieinceid produict reijeictions of 616 pieiceis. Thei puirposei of thei stuidy is to deiteirminei thei leiveil of sigma peirformancei, thei factors that cauisei deifeictivei produicts, and ideintify correictivei steips that neieid to bei takein. Thei stuidy uiseid thei six sigma meithod, nameily DMAI (Deifinei, Meiasuirei, Analyzei and Improvei) with statistical tools: Opeiration proceiss map, Pareito diagram, p-chart, fishbonei diagram, and proposeid improveimeints with treiei diagram and Proceiss Deicision Program Chart (PDPC). Thei reisuilts of thei stuidy fouind a DPMO valuiei at thei meiasuirei stagei of 27925 and a sigma leiveil of 3.41. Thei factors that cauisei produict deifeicts arei huiman factors, meithod factors, and mateirial factors. Thein for improveimeint steips baseid on treiei diagram and PDPC analysis on huiman factors, adding 6 roof veintilators and suipeirvision duiring thei pouiring proceiss, training meithod factors for making moldeid sand douigh according to SOPs and providing standard cast fluiid capacity, mateirial factors, quiality control of raw mateirials, and reiplacing bindeirs with beintonitei