jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Relearning object use in semantic dementia

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of a patient with semantic dementia to relearn to use objects that had, through the process of disease, become alien to her. Following only a brief demonstration of their use, JH achieved nearly perfect scores on the overall use of 10 previously familiar objects. This dramatic boost in performance did decline steadily over time without any practice. Even five weeks after the initial training, however, JH was still able to achieve an average score of around 60%, which was significantly greater than at baseline assessment and sufficient to enable partially correct use of the objects. The results of this study demonstrate that it is possible for a patient in the advanced stages of semantic dementia, with severely degraded conceptual knowledge, to relearn to manipulate objects through observation of their use. With continual reinforcement, in the form of more frequent training and practice sessions, it is likely that this improved performance could be maintained over time. A rehabilitation programme based on this research may provide a rare opportunity for improvement in the face of this progressive disease: a glimmer of hope while many other cognitive functions are deteriorating.
Copper‐graphene coatings for improving thermal shielding of CFRPs through electrodeposition techniques

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Today, carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) are materials of interest several industrial sectors because of their mechanical properties and low weight. However, applications in high‐temperature areas are limited because of thermal degradation. Thus, thin coatings acting as thermal shielding and ensuring the upkeep of CFRP structural stiffness are of high interest. This work presents an innovative approach to produce copper/graphene bilayer coatings through electrodeposition and electrophoretic deposition; it consists of laser pre‐treatment of the composite surface to remove the matrix layer exposing the carbon fibers, enabling the subsequent deposition. Bi‐layer graphene/copper coatings exhibit an enhancement in copper electrodeposition efficiency of more than 59% resulting in a 97% stiffness improvement compared to the single layer copper electroplating. All the obtained coatings were able to act as a thermal shield of the CFRPs, reducing the maximum temperature of the composite by more than 60%. In particular, due to the synergistic effect of copper and graphene, the GNPs‐Cu coating achieved the highest maximum temperature reduction (81%). Cross‐sectional analysis indicates severe delamination in uncoated CFRPs, whereas double‐layer coatings maintain structural integrity and prevent delamination even under high‐energy exposure. In addition, the coated composites exhibit a higher electrical conductivity compared to the laser cleaned CFRP, with the GNPs‐Cu coating that obtained a 90% enhancement because of the outstanding electrical properties of copper and graphene. Highlights The laser cleaning pretreatment allows the electrodepositions on CFRPs. The GNP‐Cu scenario achieves the highest deposition efficiency. A 97% stiffness improvement was achieved by GNPs‐Cu scenario. GNPs‐Cu coatings exhibit the utmost reduction in resistivity (98%). The GNPs‐Cu coating achieves the highest thermal shielding performance (81%).
Bayes Conditional Probability-Based Causation Analysis between Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension (PIH): A Statistic Case Study in Harbin, China

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Both gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) would influence the gestation significantly. However, the causation between these two symptoms remains speculative. 16,404 pregnant women were identified in Harbin, China, in this study. We investigated and evaluated the causal effect of GDM on PIH based on the Bayes conditional probability. The statistical results indicated that PIH might cause GDM, but not vice versa. Also, this case study demonstrated that the decrease temperature might also cause hypertension during pregnancy, and the prevalence rate of GDM increased with age. However, the prevalence of diabetes did not show a remarkable difference in varied areas and ages. This study could provide some essential information that will help to investigate the mechanism for GDM and PIH.
Marina-Scale Water Temperature Sensing in Real Time Using Microtomography

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Small scale marine environments (bays, channels, estuaries, marinas, etc.) are dynamic environments where diverse flora and fauna come into close contact with man-made processes. Yet water temperature monitoring of these coastal environments is usually spatially sparse due to the cost of acquiring, deploying and maintaining buoys. In this paper we introduce micro tomography: using precise time-of-flight calculations for acoustic signals sent over short distances (50 m) to measure water temperature. The traditional use of the technology is to construct low resolution temperature and current maps of large bodies of water useful for global climate study, however here we apply the key concepts to a sensor network to enable real-time monitoring of water temperature while also improving the spatial resolution of the data. As we use time-of-flight measurements to accomplish our goal, high precision and tight time synchronization are required of the network in order to produce meaningful temperature maps. On the other hand, the reduced scale introduces a new opportunity to utilize the technology to sense even the slightest change in temperature. To show our system is realizable we present our prototype underwater acoustic sensor nodes and experimental results that indicates a temperature resolution of approximately one-tenth of a degree Celsius. We also present our micro-tomography simulation software. With the simulator we can study the feasibility of building a more complex marina-scale tomography system and the requirements that must be met by the underlying sensor network.
Spectroscopic study of the interaction between flucythrinate and bovine serum albumin

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The interaction of flucythrinate(FC) and bovine serum albumin(BSA) under physiological condition was investigated by spectroscopic methods and the quenching constants at different temperatures were measured.The fluorescence results revealed that FC caused the fluorescence quenching of BSA through a static quenching procedure at low concentrations.Thermodynamic parameters ΔG,ΔH and ΔS at different temperatures were calculated.The data indicated that the van der Waals force was the dominant intermolecular force in stabilizing the complex and the binding process was spontaneous.In addition,the impact of FC on the conformation of BSA was analyzed using synchronous fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy.The CD spectra results showed that the α-helix content of BSA decreased.It's concluded that the microenvironment and conformation of BSA were changed in the binding reaction.
An extremal problem of regular simplices: the five-dimensional case

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The new result of this paper is connected with the following problem: consider a supporting hyperplane of a regular simplex and its reflected image at this hyperplane. When will the volume of the convex hull of these two simplices be maximal? We prove that in the case when the dimension is less or equal to 4, the maximal volume attained in the case when the hyperplane goes through on a vertex and is orthogonal to the height of the simplex at this vertex. More interesting that in the higher dimensional cases this position is not optimal. We also determine an optimal position of the hyperplane in the 5-dimensional case. This corrects an erroneous statement in my paper (Horváth in Beitr Geom Algebra 55(2):415–428, 2014).
In Vitro Biological Evaluation of Electrospun Polycaprolactone/Gelatine Nanofibrous Scaffold for Tissue Engineering

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The fabrication of biocompatible and biodegradable scaffolds which mimic the native extracellular matrix of tissues to promote cell adhesion and growth is emphasized recently. Many polymers have been utilized in scaffold fabrication, but there is still a need to fabricate hydrophilic nanosized fibrous scaffolds with an appropriate degradation rate for skin tissue engineering applications. In this study, nanofibrous scaffolds of a biodegradable synthetic polymer, polycaprolactone (PCL), and blends of PCL with a natural polymer, gelatine (Ge), in three different compositions: 85 : 15, 70 : 30, and 50 : 50 were fabricated via an electrospinning technique. The nanofibrous scaffold prepared from 14% w/v PCL/Ge (70 : 30) exhibited more balanced properties of homogeneous nanofibres with an average fibre diameter of 155.60 ± 41.13 nm, 83% porosity, and surface roughness of 176.27 ± 2.53 nm. In vitro cell culture study using human skin fibroblasts (HSF) demonstrated improved cell attachment with a flattened morphology on the PCL/Ge (70 : 30) nanofibrous scaffold and accelerated proliferation on day 3 compared to the PCL nanofibrous scaffold. These results show that the PCL/Ge (70 : 30) nanofibrous scaffold was more favourable and has the potential to be a promising scaffold for skin tissue engineering applications.
PHRASEOLOGY AS A LINGUISTIC BRANCH

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article examines phraseology as a significant and independent branch of modern linguistics. Phraseological units – including idioms, proverbs, sayings, and other fixed expressions – are analyzed as important elements that reflect the national and cultural characteristics of a language. The paper explores the structural, semantic, and functional features of phraseological units and their role in both spoken and written discourse. Additionally, it highlights the interconnection of phraseology with other linguistic disciplines such as semantics, stylistics, and lexicology. The challenges of translating phraseological units, their role in conveying the mentality of a nation, and their importance in intercultural communication are also discussed.
Cue salience modulates the effects of exogenous attention on apparent contrast

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Goal: Exogenous spatial attention can be automatically engaged by brief peripheral cues. However, because studies of exogenous attention use highly salient precues to reliably engage it, little is known about the cueing threshold (i.e. degree of salience required to engage attention). Does exogenous attention have an “all-or-nothing” effect above some critical cue salience, or does it increase gradually? We explore this question by assessing attentional effects on apparent contrast (Carrasco, Ling & Read, 2004; Fuller, Rodriguez & Carrasco, 2007) as a function of cue contrast. Methods: We first obtained psychometric functions for a 2AFC cue localization task, at 7° eccentricity, 3° above the horizontal meridian, over a range of seven cue contrasts. In the main experiment, a brief single precue was presented at one of the same peripheral cue locations or at fixation (neutral), followed after a 110 ms SOA by two 4° Gabor stimuli at 7° eccentricity on the horizontal meridian. Observers reported the orientation of the stimulus that was higher in contrast. By assessing which stimulus observers perceived as higher in contrast, we obtained psychometric functions and their concomitant points of subjective equality (PSE). The magnitude of the attention effect was calculated for each of five cue contrasts as the difference between the PSEs with the peripheral and the neutral cues. We tested for cue bias in a separate session using 100% contrast post-cues (cues presented after the stimuli), instead of precues. Results: Observers perfectly localize the cue at ∼8% cue contrast. The attentional effect on apparent stimulus contrast emerges only above this level of cue contrast, and increases continuously with cue contrast. There is no attentional effect with the post-cue, ruling out cue bias. Despite its automaticity, the magnitude of exogenous attention's benefit modulates over a considerable range of cue salience. It is not “all-or-nothing.
Compositional Effects, Segregation and Test Scores: Evidence from the National Assessment of Educational Progress

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A model of the effects of economic level and ethnicity on grade 8 mathematics scores both within and between schools found that both the economic composition and the ethnic composition of a school were directly related to the effectiveness of that school. Projection of the data suggests that if the nation's schools were completely desegregated economically (but not at all ethnically), the test-score gap between free lunch students and students paying full price for lunch would decline by 25 %. Ethnic compositional effects for black, Asian/Pacific Islander (API), and Hispanic students were reversed from their within-school effects, with positive effects for students in schools with larger proportions of black and Hispanic students and a strong negative effect for students in schools with larger proportions of Asian/Pacific Islander students.
Growth and production of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) on various concentrations of bio-fertilizer and NPK fertilizer

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract This study aims to study the effect of various concentration of biological fertilizers and NPK dosages on the growth and production of cayenne pepper. The study was conducted at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, from January to April 2019. The study was set as a two-factor factorial experiment using a randomized block design. The first factor was the concentration of the biological fertilizers, consisted of 0, 5, 10, and 15 mL L −1 water. The second factor was the NPK fertilizer dosages, consisted of 0, 2, and 4 g per plant. The results show that the interaction between the application of 10 ml L −1 water of the biological fertilizer and NPK fertilizer dosage of 4 g per plant resulted in the highest number of productive branches (50.78 branches) and production (1.17 tons ha −1 ). Application of the biological fertilizer of 5 mL L −1 water and NPK fertilizer dosage of 2 g per plant at the age of 15 days after planting (DAP) tended to provide the highest average plant height (13.94 cm), but higher concentration and dosage of 10 mL L −1 water and 4 g per plant of bio-fertilizer and NPK, respectively, resulted in the highest plant at the 35 DAP (33.78 cm). The application of 2 g per plant NPK fertilizer gave the highest yield on the number of fruits per plant (68.00 fruits), and the weight of fruits per plant (64.14 g).
EXTRACTION AND STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION OF FUCOIDAN FROM MARINE SEAWEED PADINA TETRASTROMATICA HAUCK (PHAEOPHYCEAE)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Seaweeds or the marine macroalgae are one of God’s greatest gift to us through Mother Ocean. The members of Phaeophyceae are exclusively marine and are known for their wide range of diversity and they are rich in cell wall polysaccharide fucoidan and alginate. Fucoidan is a general term for all the fucose-containing polysaccharides from brown seaweeds, while ‘fucan’ will be reserved for the polysaccharide built up with 95% fucose it’s a sulphated polysaccharide. Its highly economical and has abundance applications in the field of pharmaceuticals. Padina tetrastromatica a seaweed abundant in Indian shores was used for the extraction of Fucoidan. Later the structure was elucidated and compared with that of dextran sulphate. This was compared to that of dextran sulphate a standard chemical sulphated polysaccharide while this sulphated polysaccharide is from a natural source.
Heme Oxygenase-1 Regulates Cardiac Mitochondrial Biogenesis via Nrf2-Mediated Transcriptional Control of Nuclear Respiratory Factor-1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 is a protective antioxidant enzyme that prevents cardiomyocyte apoptosis, for instance, during progressive cardiomyopathy. Here we identify a fundamental aspect of the HO-1 protection mechanism by demonstrating that HO-1 activity in mouse heart stimulates the bigenomic mitochondrial biogenesis program via induction of NF-E2–related factor (Nrf)2 gene expression and nuclear translocation. Nrf2 upregulates the mRNA, protein, and activity for HO-1 as well as mRNA and protein for nuclear respiratory factor (NRF)-1. Mechanistically, in cardiomyocytes, endogenous carbon monoxide (CO) generated by HO-1 overexpression stimulates superoxide dismutase-2 upregulation and mitochondrial H 2 O 2 production, which activates Akt/PKB. Akt deactivates glycogen synthase kinase-3β, which permits Nrf2 nuclear translocation and occupancy of 4 antioxidant response elements (AREs) in the NRF-1 promoter. The ensuing accumulation of nuclear NRF-1 protein leads to gene activation for mitochondrial biogenesis, which opposes apoptosis and necrosis caused by the cardio-toxic anthracycline chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin. In cardiac cells, Akt silencing exacerbates doxorubicin-induced apoptosis, and in vivo CO rescues wild-type but not Akt1 −/− mice from doxorubicin cardiomyopathy. These findings consign HO-1/CO signaling through Nrf2 and Akt to the myocardial transcriptional program for mitochondrial biogenesis, provide a rationale for targeted mitochondrial CO therapy, and connect cardiac mitochondrial volume expansion with the inducible network of xenobiotic and antioxidant cellular defenses.
<i>In vitro</i> susceptibility testing of phytochemicals from essential oils against <i>Prototheca</i> species

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Phytochemicals isolated from essential oils are effective alternatives for inhibiting microbial pathogens. Bovine protothecal mastitis is the cause of a reduction in milk production and the secretion of thin, watery milk with white flakes. In the present study, we performed in vitro susceptibility testing of the phytochemicals carvacrol, citral, and thymol in Prototheca strains isolated from cases of protothecosis in small animals and cow feces. The susceptibility of the algae to carvacrol, citral, and thymol was assessed using the modified CLSI M27-A3 broth microdilution method. The ranges of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC%) of the phytochemicals in all isolates were 0.03% to 0.125% for carvacrol, 0.03% to 0.25% for citral, and 0.06% to 0.25% for thymol. Based on these results, carvacrol, citral, and thymol appear effective against Prototheca species at the tested concentrations, and may thus be useful for environmental disinfection in barns.
Iterative linear matrix inequality algorithm based decentralized controller for load frequency control of two-area thermal power systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, iterative linear matrix inequalities (ILMI) algorithm based design of decentralized controller for load frequency control (LFC) is proposed. The ILMI algorithm is used to tune the control parameters of the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller subject to H ∞ constraints in terms of ILMI. Hence, the control design is called IPIDH ∞ controller. The proposed controller is tested on a two-area interconnected power system considering reheat type turbine in both area with different load scenarios. The results of the proposed controller are compared with the H ∞ -controller. From the simulation results, the proposed controller is superior to H ∞ -controller.
Thalassobaculum salexigens sp. nov., a new member of the family Rhodospirillaceae from the NW Mediterranean Sea, and emended description of the genus Thalassobaculum

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A novel Gram-negative bacteria, named CZ41_10a T , was isolated from coastal surface waters of the north-western Mediterranean Sea. Cells were motile, pleomorphic rods, 1.6 μm long and 0.7 μm wide and formed cream colonies on marine agar medium. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 65 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the new isolate in the genus Thalassobaculum , a member of the family Rhodospirillaceae , class Alphaproteobacteria . Unlike Thalassobaculum litoreum CL-GR58 T , its closest relative, strain CZ41_10a T was unable to grow anaerobically and did not exhibit nitrate reductase activity. On the basis of DNA–DNA hybridization, fatty acid content and physiological and biochemical characteristics, this isolate represents a novel species for which the name Thalassobaculum salexigens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CZ41_10a T (=DSM 19539 T =CIP 109064 T =MOLA 84 T ). An emended description of the genus Thalassobaculum is also given.
A Comparison of Effects of Scalp Nerve Block and Local Anesthetic Infiltration on the Inflammatory Response, Hemodynamic Response, and Postoperative Pain in Patients undergoing Craniotomy for Cerebral Aneurysms: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of scalp nerve block (SNB) and local anesthetic infiltration (LA) with 0.75% ropivacaine on postoperative inflammatory response, intraoperative hemodynamic response, and postoperative pain control in patients undergoing craniotomy. METHODS: Fifty-seven patients were admitted for elective craniotomy for surgical clipping of a cerebral aneurysm. They were randomly divided into three groups: Group S (SNB with 15 mL of 0.75% ropivacaine), group I (LA with 15 mL of 0.75% ropivacaine) and group C (that only received routine intravenous analgesia). Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in plasma for 72 hrs postoperatively, hemodynamic response to skin incision, and postoperative pain intensity were measured. RESULTS:The SNB with 0.75% ropivacaine not only decreased IL-6 levels in plasma 6 hrs after craniotomy but also decreased plasma CRP levels and increased plasma IL-10 levels 12 and 24 hrs after surgery compared to LA and routine analgesia. There were significant increases in mean arterial pressure 2 and 5 mins after the incision and during dura opening in Groups I and C compared with Group S. Group S had lower postoperative pain intensity, longer duration before the first dose of oxycodone, less consumption of oxycodone and lower incidence of PONV through 48 hrs postoperatively than Groups I and C. CONCLUSION: Preoperative SNB attenuated inflammatory response to craniotomy for cerebral aneurysms, blunted the hemodynamic response to scalp incision, and controlled postoperative pain better than LA or routine analgesia.
Data and Scripts for Tulloch et al (2025) - Airborne eDNA signal persistence

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This dataset accompanies the study "Persistence of simulated airborne eDNA across capture materials and environmental conditions". The experiment assessed how environmental conditions (temperature, light exposure) and collection substrates influence the persistence and detectability of airborne environmental DNA (eDNA). Over a 180-day controlled laboratory trial, pork meat meal was used as a vertebrate DNA proxy, applied to a range of dry and liquid substrates. Samples were incubated under ambient (23 °C) and elevated (40 °C) temperatures with three light exposure levels. Data types included: Raw qPCR data: Cp and Ct from triplicate amplifications across all timepoints, materials, and environmental treatments. Inhibition data: Percent signal reduction from inhibition tests across substrate types. Environmental data: Continuous temperature and humidity readings from incubators, and periodic UV irradiance measurements. R script: Annotated analysis script used to model DNA degradation, perform statistical tests, generate plots, and prepare publication figures.