jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Contracting for a County-wide GPS Framework

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The most important part of creating a Geographic Information System (GIS) is creating the framework for the foundation; creating the ground control database. In Bartholomew County, Indiana, we are utilizing our section corners, and a Global Positioning System (GPS), to do just that. Global Positioning Systems utilize satellite receivers and a system of satellites that are currently orbiting the earth. To begin a GPS program or project, you need to do some planning in the office and some field reconnaissance. You will also need to develop some specifications, and contract with a vendor that provides GPS services. I’m not saying that what we’re doing in Bartholomew County is the only way to start a GPS database. What I’m saying is that this is working for us, and if you find something you can use in this presentation, then it’s been well worth while. One thing you need to realize is that a GPS receiver must maintain visibility to the orbiting satellites. You can’t simply go into the midst of white pines or the middle of an alley and expect to bring GPS control in. You must have visibility to the satellites. We started, in Bartholomew County, by first determining our density needs. We used our presently monumented section corners whenever possible, in conjunction with a two mile grid. That grid had to be compromised because of accessibility of the monumentation and visibility, due to buildings and trees. We also looked at potential growth in Bartholomew County, which appears to be south and southwest. Plus, we looked at the city of Columbus, which is the largest metropolitan area in the county. Existing NGS geodetic survey control monuments were field located and documented. Six-inch diameter, 30-inch long concrete monuments were set at section corners when needed. Each of our monuments had a station visibility diagram prepared for it. This was simply a matter of taking compass sightings and using a Suunto-clinometer to take the vertical angles to obstructions, including buildings, signs and trees. Once the station Visibility Diagram was drafted, we charted for a given time of the year, the tracking of the satellites that would be visible. We utilized software programs in the surveyor’s office that show us approximately what the satellites are doing at any particular time. This software is free. Along with the visibility diagrams, we made sketches that showed where each of our monuments are located. Also, note on your sketches the distances to cross-roads. With the above information, the vendor can readily access each monument.
Distance-Ratio-Based Formulation for Metric Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In metric learning, the goal is to learn an embedding so that data points with the same class are close to each other and data points with different classes are far apart. We propose a distance-ratio-based (DR) formulation for metric learning. Like softmax-based formulation for metric learning, it models $p(y=c|x')$, which is a probability that a query point $x'$ belongs to a class $c$. The DR formulation has two useful properties. First, the corresponding loss is not affected by scale changes of an embedding. Second, it outputs the optimal (maximum or minimum) classification confidence scores on representing points for classes. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our formulation, we conduct few-shot classification experiments using softmax-based and DR formulations on CUB and mini-ImageNet datasets. The results show that DR formulation generally enables faster and more stable metric learning than the softmax-based formulation. As a result, using DR formulation achieves improved or comparable generalization performances.
Chronic Pain in Spanish Physiotherapy Practice: Treatment Challenges and Opportunities in Diverse Healthcare Settings—A Qualitative Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background/Objectives: Physiotherapists face significant challenges in managing chronic pain; a complex condition best addressed through a biopsychosocial (BPS) approach. Although substantial evidence exists globally, research specific to Spain remains limited. This study explores the experiences and challenges Spanish physiotherapists encounter in integrating BPS elements across public and private healthcare settings. Methods: Semi-structured interviews with 12 experienced physiotherapists were conducted, using a qualitative approach with purposive sampling and reflexive thematic analysis. The analysis, grounded in a constructivist/interpretivist framework, allowed themes to emerge naturally from the data, supported by relevant quotes. Results: Three primary themes were identified: (1) challenges in implementing the BPS approach, including patient resistance and limited training; (2) facilitators for adopting the BPS model, such as multidisciplinary support and positive patient outcomes; and (3) emotional and psychological aspects of the physiotherapists. The findings highlight the complexities of chronic pain management in physiotherapy, emphasizing the need for enhanced psychological training, integrated multidisciplinary care, early diagnosis, and effective family involvement. These insights are critical for improving both patient care and physiotherapist well-being. Conclusions: This study provides valuable guidance for future strategies, focusing on educational enhancements, multidisciplinary collaboration, healthcare policy reform, and emotional support for physiotherapists within the Spanish healthcare context.
Obliques: Some that are, and some that aren’t

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study first provides a general survey of formal and semantic properties of elements expressing location, direction, means, instrument, manner, accompaniment, benefactee and association, etc. realized in Cora, an Uto-Aztecan language, as free postpositional forms or, less prototypically, as locative verbal prefixes or a combination of both types. A detailed analysis is then given of the various meanings of six specific free form postpositions and of their extended variants. For each of these highly polysemous postpositions, a schematic network structure is provided which accommodates the variety of meanings they are able to convey. Each schematic network is further shown to be related to one, two or three prototypes, to which the non-prototypical variants are related through elaboration or extension.
The Most Competent Plant-Derived Natural Products for Targeting Apoptosis in Cancer Therapy

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cancer is a challenging problem for the global health community, and its increasing burden necessitates seeking novel and alternative therapies. Most cancers share six basic characteristics known as “cancer hallmarks”, including uncontrolled proliferation, refractoriness to proliferation blockers, escaping apoptosis, unlimited proliferation, enhanced angiogenesis, and metastatic spread. Apoptosis, as one of the best-known programmed cell death processes, is generally promoted through two signaling pathways, including the intrinsic and extrinsic cascades. These pathways comprise several components that their alterations can render an apoptosis-resistance phenotype to the cell. Therefore, targeting more than one molecule in apoptotic pathways can be a novel and efficient approach for both identifying new anticancer therapeutics and preventing resistance to therapy. The main purpose of this review is to summarize data showing that various plant extracts and plant-derived molecules can activate both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways in human cancer cells, making them attractive candidates in cancer treatment.
Microstructure and property of laser cladding Ti-matrix functional gradient layer

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

To improve the wear-resistance of Ti600,and alleviate thermal stress under hyperthermal and excessive temperature difference conditions,Ti-matrix functional gradient layer(FGL) on Ti600 substrate was prepared with pulsed Nd∶YAG.The microstructure and phase composition of FGL were investigated.And the friction wear properties of FGL,N-FGL and Ti600 substrate were examined in atmosphere.It was found that a rapidly solidified microstructure,consisting of in situ synthesized TiC reinforced phase distributed on FGL substance evenly and dispersely in the form of globular grains,had three main different shapes,i.e.,bulky or imperfect arborescent crystal,fine or approximately equiaxial crystal and chopped fibriform crystal.The wear resistance of FGL and N-FGL was improved obviously.Friction coefficient and wear rate decreased significantly,0.3~0.5 times of Ti600 substrate.
Induction-Coupled Plasma Spectrometric Excitation Source.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInduction-Coupled Plasma Spectrometric Excitation Source.R. H. Wendt and V. A. FasselCite this: Anal. Chem. 1965, 37, 7, 920–922Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60226a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60226a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views721Altmetric-Citations261LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Image-Guided Enteral Access and Interventions in Children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract A variety of image-guided therapies exist for children who cannot maintain adequate nutrition due to underlying pathologies that affect their enteric systems. Gastrostomy, gastrojejunostomy, and cecostomy tubes can be inserted to help address these issues using ultrasound, fluoroscopic, and computed tomography (CT) guidance. This article describes radiological techniques used to place these tubes.
The Effect of an Optimized Diet as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy in Subjects with Periodontitis: A Prospective Study

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Diet and nutrition are generally categorized as modifiable lifestyle risk factors for the development of periodontal disease because diet may influence a person’s inflammatory status. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the application of a diet plan focused on reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in treating periodontitis. Subjects suffering from periodontitis were divided into two groups. Both groups underwent non-surgical periodontal therapy, and in the optimized diet (OD) group, this treatment was associated with a diet plan. The sample consisted of 60 subjects; 32 (53%) were treated in the non-optimized diet group (ND group) and 28 (47%) in the OD group. In both groups, the periodontal treatment significantly improved the recorded periodontal outcomes between T0 and T1 (FMPS, FMBS, CAL, PPD). Inter-group differences were not statistically significant (p < 0.05). The linear regression models showed that the optimized diet was associated with a higher reduction in PPD and FMBS after the treatment, while patients who had higher LDL levels (over 100 mg/mL) had a less favorable improvement of PPD. The application of an improved diet plan can increase the reduction in PPD and FMBS after non-surgical periodontal therapy when compared with periodontal treatment alone.
Comment on Richard B. McKenzie's “Where Is the Economics in Economic Education?”

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Richard B. McKenzie's recent article in this journal (Fall 1977) unintentionally suggests strongly that Dennis J. Weidenaar and I sponsored the better citizenship argument for economic education (pp. 9 and 10). On the contrary, our Delphi-like inquiry (see Horton and Weidenaar 1974, 1975) to which McKenzie refers found remarkable support among more than two hundred economic educators, other social scientists, other educators, business managers, and others for the entirely distinct goal: Improve our understanding of the world in which we live. Furthermore, I strongly agree with McKenzie's critique of the better citizenship goal. There is, nevertheless, an important difference of opinion between us. I believe that some explicit goal of economic education is essential, for Robert F. Mager has said, . .. if you're not sure where you're going, you're liable to end up someplace else-and not even know it. This difference from McKenzie's view may be explained in part by the defined concern in our inquiry with economic education as a matter of general education, whereas he may well have been more concerned in his article with advanced courses. A significant question, which he did not distinguish, arises in economic education under our definition: Just who are the consumers for whom we should have concern? It seems that they are reasonably not just students, but also parents, community members, and others. To be sure, public-good questions then arise, but they are not those least tractable ones cited by McKenzie in connection with the better citizenship goal. After all, communities do display rivalries in their school systems; parents do purchase independent education for themselves and for their children; and administrators, curriculum specialists, and teachers do differentiate their products. I believe accordingly that the Joint Council on Economic Education has a proper and important role in helping all these interests achieve the goal of general economic understanding. This role need by no means be the dictatorial one many of us would fear.
Seeing B Cell Receptors in Lipid Rafts

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Biochemical analysis of lipid rafts has painted an unclear picture of their relationship with B cell receptor (BCR) function. BCR engagement with antigen or cross-linking antibodies is thought to induce receptor translocation to lipid rafts at the cell surface. These microdomains are presumably enriched with relevant downstream signaling molecules. However, studies have also shown that this translocation may only occur in mature B cells and may not involve receptor phosphorylation. But some pre-BCRs were reported to be constitutively associated with lipid rafts. Gupta and DeFranco used microscopic visualization to examine lipid rafts in live B cells. Using a fluorescent conjugate of cholera toxin B, a molecule that binds to a ganglioside enriched in lipid rafts, they observed the association of some cross-linked and activated BCRs with lipid rafts in mouse B cells. Two early signaling molecules previously implicated in B cell signaling were also identified in these microdomains upon BCR translocation--the tyrosine kinase Syk and the tyrosine phosphatase CD45, the latter of which has escaped biochemical detection in lipid rafts. Upon BCR engagement, live B cells accumulated large aggregates of lipid rafts at their cell surface and extended long thread-like filopodia, or cytonemes, enriched with lipid rafts. The images support the view that lipid rafts facilitate BCR-mediated signaling required for B cell activation and that cytonemes could participate in long-distance communication with other immune cells. N. Gupta, A. L. DeFranco, Visualizing lipid raft dynamics and early signaling events during antigen receptor-mediated B-lymphocyte activation. Mol. Biol. Cell 14 , 432-444 (2003). [Abstract] [Full Text]
ChemInform Abstract: 2α‐Alkyl Gibberellins A1 and A4.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The 2α‐alkyl gibberellins A1 (VI) are synthesized starting from the gibberellin A3 ester (I) by reaction with an alkylcopper‐Mg complex, prepared from Grignard compounds (II) and CuI, via the intermediates (III) + (IV) and (V).
COMPARISON OF DEXMEDETOMIDINE, BUPRENORPHINE AND FENTANYL AS AN ADJUVANT TO BUPIVACAINE DURING SPINAL ANAESTHESIA FOR HEMIARTHROPLASTY

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

BACKGROUND \nOpioids such as fentanyl or buprenorphine are being added as adjuvant to local anaesthetic for spinal anaesthesia. \nDexmedetomidine, a new α2 agonist is being tried as an adjuvant in the recent times. \nMATERIALS AND METHODS \nThe patients were randomised into three Groups (n=30 each) by closed envelope technique. Patients in Group 1 received 10 \nµg fentanyl with 15 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine, Group 2 received 15 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine supplemented \nwith 30 µg of buprenorphine and Group 3 received 15 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine plus 5 µg dexmedetomidine \nintrathecally. The time to reach maximum sensory and motor level, the regression time of the same, any adverse effects were \nrecorded. Data were analysed using chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test for categorical data and analysis of variance for \ncontinuous data. A value of P<0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. \nSettings and Design- The study was conducted in a prospective, randomised and double-blind manner. It included ninety \nAmerican Society of Anaesthesiologists class I and II patients undergoing hemiarthroplasty under spinal anaesthesia. \nRESULTS \nIn this study, the patients in dexmedetomidine group showed significantly longer duration of motor block (240±20 mins.) and \nsensory blockade (180±22.2 mins.) compared to other groups, which is statistically significant (P=0.0001 and P=0.006, \nrespectively). The time to first request of analgesic postoperatively was also longer (260±30.2) in dexmedetomidine group \nwhen compared with other groups (P=0.0001). Haemodynamic parameters were stable and there were no complications in \nany group. \nCONCLUSIONS \nWe concluded that intrathecal dexmedetomidine (5 µg) with bupivacaine provides significantly longer duration of sensory and \nmotor blockade and longer duration for first request of analgesia in the recovery than intrathecal buprenorphine (30 µg) or \nfentanyl (10 µg) with bupivacaine for spinal anaesthesia for hemiarthroplasty.
MOUNT BLOOMFIELD, PALAWAN, PHILIPPINES: FORESTS ON GREYWACKE AND SERPENTINIZED PERIDOTITE

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The forest across a sharp boundary between greywacke and serpentinized peridotite is described from a site with seasonal rainfall on Palawan, Philippines. The forest on greywacke was of much larger stature (trees up to 26m) than that on the serpentinized peridotite (trees up to 18m). The tree (>10cm dbh) species richness was the same on both substrata with 38 species in one 0.16ha plot on each side of the boundary. There were many more individuals in the greywacke plot (149) than on the serpentinized peridotite (114). Floristically the plots were very different, with only one tree species, an unidentified Madhuca, occurring on both sides of the boundary. The soil over the greywacke was notably more acid, had lower Mg/Ca quotients, and much lower nickel concentrations than the soil over serpentinized peridotite.
Domestic violence: Service providers' perceptions of factors affecting women's decision to leave abusive relationships

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Review of research conducted into woman abuse indicates there was an emphasis on questions looking at why women stayed in abusive relationships. Little or no research was specifically designed to answer questions about how women leave abusive relationships or determine the salient factors involved. The literature review also highlighted the importance of services and service providers because women who had experienced abuse would seek help and Knight and Hatty (1992) found that the quality of help received determined their future responses. Kurz and Stark (1988) found that workers' perceptions about woman abuse influenced how workers responded to the women seeking help. Hoff (1990) indicated that workers' negative responses may cause their services to be inaccessible to women who have experienced abuse. A theory emphasising an individual's subjective experiences and how these perceptions influence their actions is Kelly's (1955) personal construct theory. The exploratory study was designed to elicit and examine the construct systems employed by service providers, within the domestic violence domain in the Perth metropolitan area, concerning factors affecting women's decisions to leave abusive relationships. Twelve participants (1 male and 11 females), ages ranging from 25-50 years (mean age= 35 years), with 2 to 15 years (mean = 5.8 years) experience volunteered for the study. They completed repertory grids, using the triadic method and 5-point rating scale, consisting of eight supplied elements selected to be representative of abusive and non-abusive relationships. Analysis of the individual and group grids was performed by REPGRID 2 and SOCIO (Shaw, 1989) using principal components analysis. Results indicated that the participants' perceptions of woman abuse focused on individual characteristics which may have negative consequences for their service delivery practices as found by Hoff (1990). An inference was drawn that the factors employment status (NiCarthy, 1987), education level (Gelles & Cornell, 1990) and the presence of physical violence (Knight & Hatty, 1992) are critical factors involved in a woman's decision to leave and abusive relationship. Repertory grid technique was thought to be useful in the area of woman abuse and service providers found the technique of benefit.
[The status of computerized tomography and conventional tomography in the assessment of endobronchial growth and extension of central bronchial cancer].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In comparison with endoscopy, computed tomography can produce excellent results with respect to the endobronchial spread of central bronchial carcinomas. Used for the same purpose, conventional tomography of the central bronchial system is greatly inferior. With respect to an evaluation of the endobronchial tumour growth configuration, computed tomography of the chest showed agreement with the endoscopic findings in only 56 per cent of all cases. This would seem to indicate that for the planning of palliative bronchological measures, such as, for example, laser therapy and afterloading treatment, prior endoscopic inspection is indispensable. By themselves, the results obtained with the imaging procedures described in this article are not adequate.