jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Histogenesis and classification of diffuse and cystic uterine adenomyosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Recently, focal adenomyosis was classified into three subtypes according to magnetic resonance imaging findings: connected to the endometrium (subtype I), connected to the perimetrium (subtype II), and not connected to either the endometrium or the perimetrium (subtype III). However, diffuse adenomyosis and cystic adenomyosis have not been investigated. We attempted to classify diffuse-type adenomyosis and cystic-type adenomyosis according to magnetic resonance imaging findings and verified the validity of the previous classification of focal adenomyosis. Methods: A total of 1504 cases of adenomyosis (focal, n = 1093; nodular, n = 15; diffuse, n = 383; cystic, n = 13) shown in magnetic resonance imaging findings of patients who underwent conservative surgical treatment from 2002 to 2016 at our hospital were reviewed according to the criteria of Kishi. Results: Of the 383 patients with diffuse adenomyosis, 272 (70.8%) were classified as subtype I, while all cases of cystic-type adenomyosis developed in the lateral wall of the uterus were classified as subtype III. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that diffuse adenomyosis develops from the same mechanism as focal adenomyosis subtype I. In addition, we consider that subtype III has greater relationship with cystic adenomyosis than the other types.
The Hyperactive Child and the Learning Disabled Child

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dr Paul Wender's first book, "The Hyperactive Child," appeared in 1973. Written as a handbook for parents, it contained discussions of the characteristics, causes, development, and treatment of the hyperactive child. The new edition contains an additional 25 pages on the learning disabled child, but it is basically a recycled version of the earlier edition. The cost of the first edition was $3.95 (approximately 3¢ per page), and the retail cost for the second edition is $6.95 (5¢ per page). Attempts to clarify the morass of terminology about hyperactivity, minimal brain dysfunction, and learning disabilities are difficult at best, even for professionals working in the field. Providing rational information for parents of "these children" is even more difficult. The Wenders write in a pleasant, conversational manner and do make some excellent points about behavior, motor activity, and attentional levels in children. They stress that most children with hyperactivity are not
Safety Analysis and Simulation Validation of Hose Whipping Phenomenon in Air Refueling

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper aims to identify the main cause of the hose whipping phenomenon (HWP) in air refueling, and come up with effective preventive measures. The system-theoretic accident model and process (STAMP), i.e., the system-theoretic process analysis (STPA), was adopted to evaluate the safety of air refueling. Then, the evaluation results were verified with a self-designed simulation validation model. The results show that the HWP is controlled by the docking speed, reel mechanism, and designed hose length; the swing range and tension change of the hose increased under inappropriate speed control; reel control could end the hazardous state of the hose within 50s after docking; the HWP occurred after the hose length was shortened from 22m to 14m. The research findings provide a reference for the prevention of the HWP.
Improving the efficiency of hydraulic fracturing in wells with depleted gas reservoirs

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The reasons for the low production rate of gas wells in depleted gas reservoirs are presented, including low natural permeability of productive formations and contamination of the bottomhole zone with solid phase and liquid. The methods of gas inflow stimulation to the bottom of wells are presented, among which hydraulic fracturing (HF) is worthy of attention for low permeability formations and deterioration of the bottomhole zone. The essence of hydraulic fracturing is described. Conventional and high-power hydraulic fracturing, its technology, scope, materials and chemicals used, and technological efficiency are characterized. During hydraulic fracturing in wells at depths of more than 600 m, to which the main proven gas reserves are confined, vertical and near-vertical fractures will mainly form. With a small reservoir thickness, vertical fractures can damage the cement stone behind the production casing, which in depleted gas reservoirs will help create conductive channels from the gas reservoir to the upper horizons. With a vertical fracture, gas flow to the well will be in one direction along the fracture and other volumes of the wellbore zone within the fracture radius will not be fully covered by filtration. To improve the efficiency of hydraulic fracturing in wells in depleted gas reservoirs, it is proposed to create a horizontal fracture in thin formations or several vertical fractures in formations of large thickness by preliminary hydraulic sandblasting perforation (HSP) or gas hydrosandblasting perforation (GHBP). When preliminary creating horizontal channels in the bottomhole zone, tubing with a perforator is gradually rotated to a certain angle, and when creating vertical channels, they are gradually raised to a certain height. After the perforation channels are created, hydraulic fracturing is performed. With the sequential use of hydraulic sandblasting perforation and hydraulic fracturing, it is possible to create a grid of cracks of increased length in the bottomhole zone in the specified directions. Using known analytical dependences, the length of individual perforation channels during gas-hydro-sandblasting perforation with a nozzle diameter of 4.5 and 6 mm in the perforator and the fracture radius during hydraulic fracturing were determined. The degree of increase in gas flow rate separately from hydraulic fracturing and hydraulic fracturing from their sequential implementation is estimated
Dendrobium officinale flos water extract ameliorates ethanol‐induced acute gastric mucosal injury via inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND Dendrobium officinale flos ( DOF ), a novel food raw material, is used in Chinese folk medicine to nourish the stomach. However, there is still no available study to evaluate the effects of DOF on animal models of acute gastric injury and its mechanism by modern pharmacological research. RESULTS Herein, we characterized the major components of an aqueous extract of DOF and assessed its potential ameliorative effects in a rat model of acute gastric mucosal injury. The DOF water extract showed significant protective effects on the gastric mucosa and exhibited excellent antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities. Acute gastric injury rat models induced by ethanol (6 mL kg −1 ) were pretreated with different doses of DOF water extract (50–100 mg kg −1 day −1 ), and the biological effects of DOF extract in gastric tissues were evaluated. DOF extract alleviated the symptoms of ethanol‐stimulated acute gastric mucosal injury, as evidenced by a significant reduction in gastric injury index and the degree of gastric pathological changes. Additionally, treatment with DOF extract upregulated mucin expression in the gastric mucosa, attenuated oxidative stress, decreased the release of inflammatory mediators (TNF‐ α , IL‐6), suppressed the expression of key proinflammatory enzymes (COX‐2 and iNOS), reduced the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and p65 NF‐ κ B and increased the level of PGE2 in gastric tissues. CONCLUSION DOF exerts protective effects against ethanol‐induced acute gastric mucosal injury, mainly by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Differential expression of RAB25 in cancers of the breast.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the level of the transcriptome genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with early-onset breast cancer. We found significant differential expression of the gene encoding RAB25, member RAS oncogene family, RAB25, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast: in women aged 45 and younger, and women aged 70 and higher. RAB25 mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of RAB25 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with overall survival in patients with HER2+ subtype breast cancer, demonstrating a relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by PAM50 molecular subtype. RAB25 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
Comparative Analysis of Repetitive Elements of Imprinting Genes Reveals Eleven Candidate Imprinting Genes in Cattle

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Few studies have reported the existence of imprinted genes in cattle compared to the human and mouse.Genomic imprinting is expressed in monoallelic form and it depends on a single parent-specific form of the allele.Comparative analysis of mammals other than the human is a valuable tool for explaining the genomic basis of imprinted genes.In this study, we investigated 34 common imprinted genes in the human and mouse as well as 35 known non-imprinted genes in the human.We found short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs), and long terminal repeats (LTRs) in imprinted (human and mouse) and control (cattle) genes.Pair-wise comparisons for the three species were conducted using SINEs, LINEs, and LTRs.We also calculated 95% confidence intervals of frequencies of repetitive sequences for the three species.As a result, most genes had a similar interval between species.We found 11 genes with conserved SINEs, LINEs, and LTRs in the human, mouse, and cattle.In conclusion, eleven genes (CALCR, Grb10, HTR2A, KCNK9, Kcnq1, MEST, OSBPL5, PPP1R9A, Sgce, SLC22A18, and UBE3A) were identified as candidate imprinted genes in cattle.
Effect of imidacloprid stress on growth of resistant and susceptible strain of yeast-like symbiote,Candida lipolytica,isolated from rice brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens Stl

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In order to understand the effect of imidacloprid stress on the grow th of resistant and susceptible strain of yeast-like symbiote,Candida lipolytica,the number of colonies cultured on solid medium and the grow th amount of different strains of C. lipolytica cultured in liquid medium containeddifferent concentrations of imidacloprid w ere compared by methods of strain culturing, colony observation and microscope examination of mycelium. The results show ed that different concentrations of imidacloprid had inhibitory effects on the grow th of resistant and susceptible strains of C. lipolytica;and the higher concentration of imidacloprid,the stronger the inhibitory effect. The number of colonies of susceptible strain treated w ith 500,1 000 and 2 000 mg / L imidacloprid for four days w ere only46. 61%,27. 58% and 6. 25% of the control,respectively,w hich w ere all significantly different w ith that of the control. The number of colonies of resistant strain treated w ith 2 000 mg / L imidacloprid w ere also significantly different w ith that of the control,how ever,that of 500 and 1 000 mg / L treatment w ere not. After being treated w ith imidacloprid,the morphology of susceptible strains of C.lipolytica became abnormal, for example, some mycelia w ere not stretched, became atrophy or bending,the top of mycelia appeared sw ollen, and yeast vacuoles generated; and the higher concentration of imidacloprid treated,the higher degree of abnormal w as observed; the abnormal morphology of resistant strain w as similar w ith that of susceptible strain,but the proportion of abnormal mycelia declined significantly. At treatment of 500 mg / L imidacloprid,the grow th and dry w eight of mycelia of resistant and susceptible strains w ere not affected significantly; w hile at treatment of 1 000 and 2 000 mg / L imidacloprid,the grow th of different strains w as inhibited significantly in the early stage,but w as not affected obviously in the later stage. In conclusion,the effect of imidacloprid on the grow th of resistant strain of C. lipolytica w as significantly less than that of susceptible strain.
Nomenclature and typification of Rhynchosia suaveolens (L.f.) DC. (Leguminosae) and its associated synonyms

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

As part of the ongoing revision of Rhynchosia Lour. lectotype of Rhynchosia suaveolens and its basionym viz. Glycine suaveolens is designated. Another two heterotypic synonym Hedysarum venosum and Cajanus suaveolens are also lectotypified.
ARTHROSCOPIC TREATMENT OF TIBIAL INTERCONDYLAR EMINENCE AVULSION IN CHILDREN

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Authors in the presentation document the arthroscopic method of treatment of tibial intercondylar eminence fractures in children age. They follow up the short-time and middle-time results after using this method in 20 patients. Method consists in early arthroscopic revision of traumatized knee joint in children with avulsion of intercondylar eminence, haematoma irrigation and the management of the eminence avulsion depending on the size of the tibial bone fragment. Because of bleeding and fat release from traumatized bone is recommended using the water pressure pump. The reposition of the bone fragment to the original position is made after the fracture bed revision and inverted soft tissues removal. The reposition is recommended to do in 30 grade flection of the knee when LCA is maximally relaxed and fragment retention is optimal. After the reposition of the bone fragment we fix it by 2 crossed Ki wires inserted or percutaneously parapatellarly or by the arthroscopic portal using method outside-inside-out.. Immobilization is recommended in 30 grade flection position. The evaluation of 20 patients after arthroscopic surgery shows on the x-ray excellent and very good results in all patients. In 16 cases the clinical examination result is excellent with no instability of the knee, stable LCA and no front shift sign. In 4 cases was found front shift sign without clinically significant anteromedial stress instability of the knee. In 1 case there was made conversion to open revision with suturing of the fragment by PDS suture. Because the bony fragment was 1cm2 large only the closed reposition and retention was not sufficient. The method appears certainly gentle with minimal traumatization of the joint capsule. The above all advantage is in non traumatic metals replacement without second stage surgery and anesthesia. In 4 cases we saw temporary LCA hyperlaxity. We prerequisite passive tonization of the ligament while skeleton growth. Clinical results of the method are satisfactory comparable to the open reduction and fixation by suture or cerclage. The method is not recommended in cases with bony fragment smaller then 1cm2 for not sufficient retention. In these cases we do an arthroscopic verification followed by open reduction.
IL‐36γ and IL‐36Ra Reciprocally Regulate Colon Inflammation and Tumorigenesis by Modulating the Cell–Matrix Adhesion Network and Wnt Signaling

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer are associated with dysregulation of cytokine networks. However, it is challenging to target cytokines for effective intervention because of the overlapping functions and unpredictable interactions of cytokines in such diverse networks. Here, it is shown that IL‐36 γ and IL‐36Ra, an agonist and an antagonist for IL‐36R signaling respectively, reciprocally regulate the experimental colitis and the colon cancer development in mice. Knockout or neutralization of IL‐36 γ alleviates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis and inhibits colon cancer development, whereas knockout of IL‐36Ra exacerbates DSS‐induced colitis and promotes colonic tumorigenesis in multiple colon cancer models in mice. Mechanistically, IL‐36 γ upregulates extracellular matrix and cell–matrix adhesion molecules and facilitates Wnt signaling, which is mitigated by IL‐36Ra or IL‐36 γ neutralizing antibody. Consistently, IL‐36 γ levels are positively correlated with extracellular matrix levels and β ‐catenin levels in human colorectal tumor biopsies. These findings suggest the critical role of IL‐36 γ and IL‐36Ra in gut inflammation and tumorigenesis and indicate that targeting the IL‐36 γ /IL‐36Ra signal balance provides potential therapeutic strategy for inflammatory bowel disease and gastrointestinal cancers.
The Human Genome Diversity Project: Ethical Problems and Solutions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The goal of the Human Genome Diversity Project (HGDP) is to provide a comprehensive study of genetic diversity across different human populations. Scientists working on the HGDP plan to collect samples from all 400 to 500 geographically isolated or culturally unique human populations that desire to participate in the project. Few people have questioned the scientific merits of the HGDP and its potential contribution to our understanding of human genetics, but the project has created a storm of moral, cultural, and political controversy during its brief existence. Opponents have argued that the HGDP smacks of racism, commercialism, exploitation, and cultural imperialism. Critics have also found fault with the informed consent process proposed by organizers of the HGDP. Opposition to the HGDP has succeeded in impeding (but not derailing) this project. The essay explores some of the key moral, political, and cultural issues raised by the HGDP and argues that the project should be implemented and should be funded, provided that researchers and organizers take steps to address the issues it raises.
Principles in early reconstructive surgery of severe thermal burns of the hands

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Principles in early reconstructive surgery of severe thermal burns of the hands Get access Byron Smith, Byron Smith Major M.C., U.S. Army Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Carleton Cornell, Carleton Cornell Major M.C., U.S. Army Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Charles L Neill Charles L Neill Major M.C., U.S. Army Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Surgery, Volume 33, Issue 130, October 1945, Pages 155–159, https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.18003313012 Published: 06 December 2005
RESEARCH ARTICLE Study of the principal properties of Humiferes horizons under Retama retam webb, Tamarix gallica L and Tamarix aphylla (L) Karst in the dunes cordon of El-Mesrane (W.Djelfa) in Algeria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Our study will allow to identify the effect of the litter quality under three plantations types on the formation of the superficial horizon of grounds, by a description of the morphology of the formed horizons and a chemical characterization of the litter accumulated under the various plantations of Retama retam webb, Tamarix gallica L and Tamarix aphylla (L) Karst in the dunes cordon of El-Mesrane (W.Djelfa) in Algeria. The obtained results show that the contents C % and C/N is high under the majority of the statements realized under Retam retam by report in the plantations of Tamarix aphylla and Tamarix gallica and the report C/N under Retam retam. Webb presents a maximum value. It shows an improvement compared with dunes fixed by Tamarix gallica. L and Tamarix aphylla. (L) Karst, what expresses the situational potentialities relatively better. We so register a change of the pH of the sandy soil, the balkanization of the superficial horizons ( H.A) under main fixed dunes and a low difference between the pH ( H2O) and the pH ( KCL), what shows that grounds present a low capacity of exchange. The measure of the thickness of the superficial layer of the ground of studied dunes showed that are well dunes fixed by Retam retam. Webb and Tamarix gallica. L which present rather important thicknesses in front of those fixed by Tamarix aphylla. L Karst where we note its absence in the lively dunes. The analysis of the profiles shows that the profiles realized in the fixed dunes are of type AC where we note the absence of the horizon B with an active physical disintegration and a low rate of humus, what allowed us to classify them in the little evolved grounds and the ground of dunes submitted to the influence of fixation in the raw mineral grounds.
Coordinated Regulation of Insulin Signaling by the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases PTP1B and TCPTP

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B is a negative regulator of insulin signaling and a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes. Our previous studies have shown that the closely related tyrosine phosphatase TCPTP might also contribute to the regulation of insulin receptor (IR) signaling in vivo (S. Galic, M. Klingler-Hoffmann, M. T. Fodero-Tavoletti, M. A. Puryer, T. C. Meng, N. K. Tonks, and T. Tiganis, Mol. Cell. Biol. 23:2096-2108, 2003). Here we show that PTP1B and TCPTP function in a coordinated and temporally distinct manner to achieve an overall regulation of IR phosphorylation and signaling. Whereas insulin-induced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling was prolonged in both TCPTP-/- and PTP1B-/- immortalized mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs), mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK1/2 signaling was elevated only in PTP1B-null MEFs. By using phosphorylation-specific antibodies, we demonstrate that both IR beta-subunit Y1162/Y1163 and Y972 phosphorylation are elevated in PTP1B-/- MEFs, whereas Y972 phosphorylation was elevated and Y1162/Y1163 phosphorylation was sustained in TCPTP-/- MEFs, indicating that PTP1B and TCPTP differentially contribute to the regulation of IR phosphorylation and signaling. Consistent with this, suppression of TCPTP protein levels by RNA interference in PTP1B-/- MEFs resulted in no change in ERK1/2 signaling but caused prolonged Akt activation and Y1162/Y1163 phosphorylation. These results demonstrate that PTP1B and TCPTP are not redundant in insulin signaling and that they act to control both common as well as distinct insulin signaling pathways in the same cell.
The effects of apricots seed oil biodiesel with some additives on performance and emissions of a diesel engine

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this experimental work is to investigate influences of using manganese (Mn) as a combustion catalysts on apricot seed oil based biodiesel production and its engine out parameters. The metal based additive (Mn) was added to biodiesel (B50) at different dosages of 20-40-60 μmol/L. Also, other additives the propylene glycol and dodecanol were added into apricot seed oil biodiesel (B50) at rates of 5% and 1%, respectively for preparing test fuels. This additives improved flash point, pour point and viscosity of the biodiesel (B50) fuel. Experiments were carried out to clarify the effects of all additives added to biodiesel on performance and emission characteristics of a three-cylinder DI diesel engine operated at a constant speed of 1500 rpm and different loads from 2,5 to 10 kW. The engine test results revealed that specific fuel consumption, NOx were not changed significantly with the adding additives to biodiesel (B50) fuel, while CO, HC and smoke emission profiles were improved.