jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Herbicides and adjuvants: an evolving view

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The present report examines the in vitro genotoxicity (micronucleus assay) of herbicides and adjuvants and reports on an in vivo human study on potential endocrine effects of pesticides, including herbicides. Adjuvants are used in conjunction with 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and other herbicides. Earlier pesticide applier survey results ( n = 709) show that 59% of the applicators used adjuvants, and the majority of this group used paraffinic oils and/or surfactant mixtures. As a beginning effort to explore the role of adjuvants and herbicides in hormonally based reproductive effects, a prospective, controlled study was performed to analyze blood specimens from three different exposure groups (applicators using herbicides only; applicators using both herbicides and insecticides; and applicators using fumigants in addition to herbicides and insecticides; and a control group composed of other agricultural workers including organic farmers). The applicators and controls were age- and smoking-matched. Study subjects ( n = 78) were tested before, during, and after completion of pesticide application season for the effects of pesticide products on hormone levels in the bloodstream. Of the applicator exposure groups examined, only the herbicide group showed significant endocrinologic differences from controls. Free testosterone levels were significantly elevated in post-season measurements ( p = 0.032), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was significantly decreased at the height of the season ( p = 0.016) and in the post-season ( p = 0.010) as compared to controls. These endocrinologic findings are discussed in terms of their possible relationship to potential endocrine effects of herbicides, herbicide contaminants, and adjuvants. In vitro genotoxicity examination compared four different commercially available surfactant mixtures with 12 different commercial herbicide products, including six different chlorophenoxy herbicides. Only one herbicide yielded a significant dose-response curve. All four adjuvants showed positive dose-response effects. These preliminary data suggest that adjuvants are not inert but are toxicologically active components added to herbicide mixtures. Whether adjuvant toxicant effects are additive or are independent of herbicide effects is poorly understood.
Impact of Harvesting Time and Length of Cold Storage Period On Physiological and Quality Traits of Four Quince Genotypes (Cydonia Oblonga Mill.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The investigation was conducted to determine the best harvesting time and the storage period of some quince cultivars and promising genotypes from the collection of quince germplasm in the Horticultural Research Station of Isfahan, Iran. For this study, fruits of ‘Vidoja’ and ‘Isfahan’ cultivars as well as promising genotypes PH2 and NB4 were harvested on 6, 14 and 21 October 2015 and 2016 and then stored at 0 ± 1 °C with 90 ± 5% R.H. for five months. Weight loss, firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), titrable acids (TA), taste index, pectin, total phenols, and percent of decay and surface browning of fruits were measured immediately after harvest and one-month intervals after storage in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications and 10 fruits per each replication. The results showed that ‘Isfahan’ cultivar had the highest TSS (18.83%), total phenols and weight loss. The least weight loss was observed in the ‘Vidoja’ cultivar. NB4 genotype showed the least taste index and pectin, while the most pectin and firmness was related to PH2 genotype. Generally, the delay in harvesting and prolongation of storage led to increasing of TSS and weight loss and declining of firmness and phenols, TA, and pectins. Until the third month of storage, there was no surface browning. Browning symptoms were observed from the fourth month of storage and increased in the fifth month up to 1.72%. Generally, the best harvesting time for ‘Vidoja’ was 185 days and for the rest of the genotypes, it was 193 days after full bloom. Fruit storage for four months in cold is advisable for these cultivars and genotypes.
Monthly human biting rates of and M and S molecular forms, from July to December 2004, in Dielmo, Senegal

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Copyright information:Taken from "Dynamics of transmission of by and the molecular forms M and S of in Dielmo, Senegal"http://www.malariajournal.com/content/7/1/136Malaria Journal 2008;7():136-136.Published online 23 Jul 2008PMCID:PMC2515330.
A descriptive study of childhood injuries in Kingston, Ontario, using data from a computerized injury surveillance system.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This report uses data from the Kingston and Region Injury Surveillance Program (KRISP), a subset of the Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program (CHIRPP), to describe rates and identify patterns of injury among children aged 0-19 years in Kingston and area. During 1994, there were 7572 reported injury events, resulting in an overall rate of 173.6 injuries per 1000 children per year (males: 202 per 1000; females: 143.7 per 1000). Four major patterns of injury were identified as priorities for intervention: 1) household injuries among children aged 0-4 years; 2) injuries occurring on playgrounds to children aged 5-14 years; 3) sports injuries among 10-19-year-old children and youth; and 4) bicycle-related injuries among children 5-14 years of age. Discussion focuses on the use of the surveillance system in prioritizing interventions and evaluating injury prevention programs for this population.
Reproducible research workflows in the EOSC Federation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) is no longer just a vision – it has become tangible, with an EU node up and running and national nodes in development. But what does this federation mean for researchers in practice, and how can it support reproducibility? In this workshop, we will take you on a guided tour of the EOSC Federation. You will learn what EOSC Nodes are and how they connect services, data, and tools across Europe. We then explore how Virtual Research Environments (VREs) within a Node can support collaborative and reproducible research, lowering technical barriers while opening new possibilities for sharing workflows. A key part of the workshop is dedicated to hands-on exploration. Together, we will work with a reproducibility workflow in a VRE and use RO-Crate, a lightweight format to capture and package research processes. This will allow you to see for yourself how workflows can be shared, understood, and re-run by others — a practical step towards making reproducibility both achievable and sustainable. You don’t need to be a technical expert to join; curiosity and interest in reproducible research are enough. By the end of the session, you’ll have a clearer picture of how the EOSC Federation can support your work and how tools like RO-Crate and VREs can help make research more transparent, reusable, and impactful.
Translational studies on acute myeloid leukemia focus on the receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Among adults, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the second most frequent type of leukemia. In spite of recent improvements in the treatment of this disease, a majority of patients develop drug resistance, leading to poor overall survival. One of the factors behind this is mutations in the tyrosine kinase receptor (FLT3). It is one of the most commonly mutated genes and is present in almost 40% of the patients with AML. In order to deal with the resistance and improve current treatments, a better understanding of FLT3 signalling and functioning is required.In our first study, we focused on the tyrosine residue at the 842 position of FLT3. We demonstrated that Y842 is not involved in FLT3 activation or ubiquitination, but is important in regulating downstream signalling via RAS/ERKpathway, as well as controlling receptor stability. The following study’s purpose was to understand if it was the location or the nature of the FLT3 mutation thatplayed the larger role in leukemogenesis. Therefore, we looked at how ITD mutations in the juxtamembrane domain (JMD) compared with those in the tyrosine kinase domain (TKD), as well as with the point mutation in the tyrosinekinase domain, D835Y. The cells with TKD-ITD were able to activate the STAT5 pathway and had a higher cell proliferation and survival than cells expressing D835Y. Overall, TKD-ITD and JMD-ITD showed similar oncogenic potential, but still had a higher oncogenic potential than the D835Y point mutation.In the third and fourth paper we focused on the associating proteins, since tyrosine kinase receptors signal with the help of those in order to activate downstream signalling. First, with the help of an SH2 domain array, we identifiedABL2 as a potent interacting partner of FLT3. It turned out that ABL2 expression did not change the kinase activity of FLT3, its stability or ubiquitination. However, ABL2 acted as a negative regulator of downstream signalling of FLT3 via partial inhibition of AKT pathway. Another interacting partner of FLT3 was identified to be LCK, and its role was studied in paper four. In Ba/F3 cells the expression of LCK enhanced the FLT3-ITD STAT5 phosphorylation. We alsoobserved that those cells exhibited a higher capacity to form colonies. Furthermore, in vivo these cells developed tumours faster than the control. In conclusion, our data show that LCK works together with the oncogenic FLT3-ITD in cellular transformation.
Finding "Lost" Profits: An Equilibrium Analysis of Patent Infringement Damages

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We examine the impact of patent infringement damages in an equilibrium oligopoly model of process innovation where the choice to infringe is endogenous and affects market choices. Under the lost profits measure of damages normally employed by U.S. courts, we find that infringement always occurs in equilibrium with the infringing firm making market choices that manipulate the resulting market profit of the patent holder. In equilibrium, infringement takes one of two forms: a "passive" form in which lost profits of the patent holder are zero and an "aggressive" form where they are strictly positive. Even though the patentee's profits are protected with the lost profits damage measure, innovation incentives are reduced relative to a regime where infringement is deterred. Copyright 2007, Oxford University Press.
Antioxidant properties of alkaline extracts from insoluble and soluble dietary fibre derived from selected whole-grain cereals

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The extraction yields of insoluble dietary fibre (IDF) and soluble dietary fibre (SDF) from seven whole-grain cereals (WG) ranged from 11.73% to 23.71% and 2.28% to 5.15%, respectively. Eight monomeric phenolic acids and four diferulic acids were identified and quantified in cereal alkaline extracts by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole - time of flight mass spectrometry. IDF alkaline extracts had significantly (p < 0.05) higher levels of total phenolic content (TPC) and DPPH radical scavenging activity than WG and SDF extracts. Corn IDF (C-IDF) extracts exhibited the highest TPC and DPPH, followed by red rice. MTT cell viability assay indicated that 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) or xanthine-xanthine oxidase (X-XO) induced cell loss can be effectively reduced by pre-incubating Caco-2BBe or FHs 74 Int cells with certain levels of C-IDF extracts. This effect was speculated to be associated with the antioxidant activity of C-IDF linked phenolic compounds.
c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase 2 contributes to the tumorigenesis of non‐small cell lung carcinoma through MKK4‐dependent and MKK7‐independent mechanism

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

It had been reported previously that the JNKs require phosphorylation by both MKK4 and MKK7 to become activated. While the JNK2 isoform shows a unique propensity among the JNKs to autophosphorylate in vitro. Recent studies in glioblastoma and lung carcinoma have suggested important roles for constitutive activation of JNK2 (but not JNK1). Here we show that JNK2 autophosphorylation contributes to the proliferation of NSCLC cells under conditions of low serum through an MKK4‐dependent and MKK7‐independent mechanism. Using recombinant activated (MKK4 & MKK7) and inactivated (JNK1 & JNK2), we investigated the mechanism of JNK2 autophosphorylation and found that it has a strong preference to autophosphorylate on Thr‐183, while exhibiting a slower phosphorylation on Tyr‐185. This ability to efficiently autophosphorylate on Thr‐183 distinguishes it from other isoforms and facilitates its activation through a previously unknown mechanism involving MKK4. Phosphorylation of Tyr‐185 by MKK4 synergizes with Thr‐183 autophosphorylation to activate JNK2. Evidence in multiple cell lines including mouse embryonic stem cells lacking MKK4 or MKK7 suggests that autophosphorylation alone activates JNK2 weakly in cells. However, JNK2 autophosphorylates on Thr‐183, to create a pool of JNK2 primed for activation by MKK4, which phosphorylates JNK2 on Tyr‐185 to activate it. Under conditions of low serum JNK2, but not JNK1 exhibits a dose‐dependent dephosphorylation upon treatment of NSCLC cells with the pan‐JNK ATP competitive inhibitors (JNK‐IN‐8 and SP600125), further supporting the notion that active JNK2 results primarily from autophosphorylation of Thr‐183. Under similar conditions of low serum the MKK4‐JNK2 pathway but not MKK7 or JNK1 promotes proliferation of NSCLC through STAT3. This was further investigated in vivo using A549 Xenografts in which either JNK2 or MKK4 were stably knocked down. Taken together the data suggest that JNK2 autophosphorylation primes it for activation by MKK4. This pathway promotes the activation of c‐jun and the proliferation of NSCLC in vivo. Support or Funding Information Support by NIH (GM059802, GM106137, and CA167505), the Welch Foundation (F‐1390 and F‐1691), CPRIT (RP101501, RP140648, and RP140649)
The Power of Adopting SMEs to Financial Services without Outlets (Laku Pandai) in the Era of the Digital Revolution in Salatiga City

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to determine the adoption of SMEs to Financial Services without Outlets (Laku Pandai) and design strategies to increase the adoption power of business actors towards Laku Pandai. The research was conducted at SMEs in the Salatiga area. Number of respondents Number of samples taken in
Minimal residual disease monitoring in childhood B lymphoblastic leukemia with t(12;21)(p13;q22);ETV6–RUNX1: concordant results using quantitation of fusion transcript and flow cytometry

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Introduction The translocation t(12;21)(p13;q22) resulting in the fusion gene ETV 6– RUNX 1 , is the most frequent gene fusion in childhood B lymphoblastic leukemia. In the Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology ALL ‐2008 treatment protocol, treatment stratification in B‐lineage ALL is based on results of minimal residual disease ( MRD ) analysis with fluorescence‐activated cell sorting ( FACS ). In this study, we determined whether RT ‐ qPCR of the ETV 6– RUNX 1 fusion transcript can be a reliable alternative for MRD analysis. Methods Seventy‐eight bone marrow samples from 29 children at diagnosis and day 15, 29, and 78 during treatment were analyzed for MRD with FACS and with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT ‐ qPCR ). Fusion transcript MRD was defined as the ETV 6– RUNX 1/ GUSB ratio at the follow‐up time point (day 15/29/78) divided with the ETV 6– RUNX 1/ GUSB ratio at diagnosis (%). Results MRD analysis with FACS and with RT ‐ qPCR of ETV 6– RUNX 1 fusion transcript showed strong correlation. All cases showed concordant results at the treatment stratifying time points day 29 and day 78, when comparing the two methods with a cutoff set to 0.1%. Conclusion RT ‐ qPCR is a valuable addition and could also be an alternative to FACS in cases where FACS is not achievable for MRD analysis.
Implantation of carbon in GaAs

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Carbon implanted into GaAs and thermally annealed typically exhibits very low (<3%) electrical activity. It has been demonstrated that the electrical activity of C can be significantly enhanced by co-implantation with Ga. Improved activation may result from either additional damage of the crystal lattice or from stoichiometric changes, forcing the C atoms onto As sites. To determine the relative importance of each of these effects, I have undertaken a systematic study of carbon activation in GaAs. A range of co-implants have been used: group III (B, Ga), group V (N, P, As) and noble gases (Ar, Kr). The damage introduced to the substrate will depend on the mass of the ion implanted. The group III and group V co-implants will affect the crystal stoichiometry. The results indicate that both lattice damage and crystal stoichiometry are important for high electrical activity of C. Increasing the damage will increase the activation due to the increased number of As vacancies but maximum activation can be obtained only by a co-implant which not only damages the lattice but also forces the C to occupy an As site.
Electron Microscope Studies of the Tissue Structure of the Enamel Lamella

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Human and bovine enamel lamellae were examined with the electron microscope. The microscope revealed the following:1. The lamellae consist of enamel rods and interrod substance which contain more organic matter than those of the normal enamel. Most lamellae, except unusually wide one, contain rods arranged in a single line. Parts of lamellae less than one micron wide are composed only of interrod substance. (On all surfaces of the coronal portion of the tooth except the occlusal, casual or detailed inspection reveals that lamellae usually run parallel to the long axis of the tooth. On the occlusal surface they follow on unpredictable direction.)2. Lamella tissue is often more complex than enamel tissue, in fact, casual observation occasionally reveals no complexity.3. The observed complexity is possibly caused by the difficulty of distinction between rod sheaths and interrod substance and the manner of organic matter in the lamella.4. The border between the enamel and lamella seems to be a direct connection. No tissue that could be considered a border tissue seems to exist.5. Portions of the border between the lamella and enamel sometimes show no rod sheath in areas when rods in the lamella or enamel are against the border.6. Along the border of human lamellae, there is often seen a thin membrane which is interconnected rod sheaths in the lamella, This membrane is almost never seen in bovine lamellae. This membrane was not destroyed by the decalcification process. The decalcification process broke up the bovine rod sheaths into pieces probably because the bovine lamella contains less organic matter.
Synchronized Chest Compressions for Pseudo-PEA: Proof of Concept and a Synching Algorithm

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: The two objectives of this report are: first, to describe a comparison of chest compressions unsynchronized or synchronized to native cardiac activity in a porcine model of hypotension, and second, to develop an algorithm to provide synchronized chest compressions throughout a range of native heart rates likely to be encountered when treating PEA cardiac arrest. Methods: We adapted our previously developed signal-guided CPR system to provide compressions synchronized to native electrical activity in a porcine model of hypotension as a surrogate of PEA arrest. We describe the first comparison of unsynchronized to synchronized compressions in a single animal as a proof-of-concept. We developed an algorithm to provide optimal synchronized chest compressions regardless of intrinsic PEA heart rate while simultaneously maintaining the chest compression rate within a desired range. We tested the algorithm with computer simulations measuring the proportion of intrinsic and compression beats that were synchronized, and the compression rate and its standard deviation, as a function of intrinsic heart rate and heart rate jitter. Results: We demonstrate and compare unsynchronized versus synchronized chest compressions in a single porcine model with an intrinsic rhythm and hypotension. Synchronized, but not unsynchronized, chest compressions were associated with increased blood pressure and coronary perfusion pressure. Our synchronized chest compression algorithm is able to provide synchronized chest compressions to over 90% of intrinsic beats for most heart rates while maintaining an average compression rate between 90 and 140 compressions per minute with relatively low variability. Conclusions: Synchronized chest compression therapy for pulseless electrical rhythms is feasible. A high degree of synchronization can be maintained over a broad range of intrinsic heart rates while maintaining the compression rate within a satisfactory range. Further investigation to assess benefit for treatment of PEA is warranted.
Evaluation of deep learning techniques for identification of sarcoma-causing carcinogenic mutations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The abnormal growth of human healthy cells is called cancer. One of the major types of cancer is sarcoma, mostly found in human bones and soft tissue cells. It commonly occurs in children. According to a survey of the United States of America, there are more than 17,000 sarcoma patients registered each year which is 15% of all cancer cases. Recognition of cancer at its early stage saves many lives. The proposed study developed a framework for the early detection of human sarcoma cancer using deep learning Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) algorithms. The DNA of a human cell is made up of 25,000 to 30,000 genes. Each gene is represented by sequences of nucleotides. The nucleotides in a sequence of a driver gene can change which is termed as mutations. Some mutations can cause cancer. There are seven types of a gene whose mutation causes sarcoma cancer. The study uses the dataset which has been taken from more than 134 samples and includes 141 mutations in 8 driver genes. On these gene sequences RNN algorithms Long and Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Units and Bi-directional LSTM (Bi-LSTM) are used for training. Rigorous testing techniques such as Self-consistency testing, independent set testing, 10-fold cross-validation test are applied for the validation of results. These validation techniques yield several metrics such as Area Under the Curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, Mathew's correlation coefficient, loss, and accuracy. The proposed algorithm exhibits an accuracy of 99.6% with an AUC value of 1.00.