jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Study of mortar & concrete with fly ash, slag and recycled aggregate

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Increasing pressures from governments word-wide to reduce carbon dioxide emissions has forced many industries to seek greener, more environmentally-friendly solutions to many of their products. The report that is to follow will report the findings of the strength of geopolymer concrete using recycled aggregate. This report is unique in a sense that it will be exclusively intended for Singapore as the experiment will be carried out using locally sourced materials. The mixture used and tested will remain consistent with past reports publish by academics at Curtin University of Technology, namely; D. Hardjito and B. V. Rangan, S. E. Wallah and B. V. Rangan and P. Sarker. The consistency is held in terms of percentage composition of materials, the variation lies within the difference in properties affecting the quality of the locally sourced materials. Attempts to produce an acceptable geopolymer concrete were unsuccessful as such, the scope of the project was revised. The final scope focused on an OPC based concrete with the addition of 25% slag powder. The variation in this mix design lies with the aggregate compositions; whether natural, recycled or a combination. The mix design was based on a recent paper published by P.Dinakar in ACECON2003, Proceedings of the 2rd Asian Conference on Ecstasy in Concrete held December 2010.
The role of Gray's impulsivity in anxiety-mediated differences in resistance to extinction

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Choice behaviour and extinction learning were studied in a group of 108 undergraduates classified according to the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward scales (that measure Gray's anxiety and impulsivity dimensions, respectively). The learning task consisted of continuous choosing between two response alternatives: one was continuously reinforced with a small reward and the other was partially reinforced with a greater reward. After 200 trials, one of the responses remained as in the previous phase, and the other was never rewarded in order to attain extinction. The main aims of the study were: (i) to replicate Avila's finding of lesser resistance to extinction of subjects having high scores on the Sensitivity to Punishment scale; (ii) to investigate whether impulsives (subjects having high scores on the Sensitivity to Reward scale) chose more than non-impulsives the response associated with a continuous, small reward; and (iii) to test, following the model of Patterson and Newman, whether impulsive subjects had a great resistance to extinction of responses highly associated with reward. Results supported all three predictions. Discussion is based on the compatibility of the models of disinhibition of Gray and of Patterson and Newman. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insights on the Pooled Prevalence and Global Distribution of Leptospirosis in Goats: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Leptospira spp. infection in small ruminants is usually asymptomatic or presents nonspecific clinical signs and has an economic impact on goat farming and public health. The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review with meta-analysis on the global seroprevalence and distribution of leptospirosis in goats. The methodology was based on the recommendations of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), and the review project was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO—ID: CRD42023405693). Overall, 79 articles were included in the study. The global prevalence of leptospirosis in goats was 18.6% (CI 95% = 15.08–22.71%), with no publication bias and high heterogeneity. The records originated from South America (n = 32), Asia (n = 26), Europe (n = 8), North America (n = 7), and Africa (n = 6), and seropositivities were 17%, 19%, 12%, 34%, and 22%, respectively. It is concluded that Leptospira spp. infection is widespread in goat herds, including regions with semi-arid and arid climates, and it is suggested that the prospects for controlling the disease should focus on avoiding environmental contamination and improving management measures and sanitary practices. This important information provides guidance for actions to protect against human contamination and to control animal leptospirosis.
The potential of self-access language centres in fostering lifelong global citizenship: towards a community of practice approach

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Purpose Drawing primarily on the Japanese context, this study aims to highlight this setting to emphasise the potential for tertiary-level self-access language centres to develop lifelong global citizenship, self-reflection and cross-cultural collaboration. Design/methodology/approach This inquiry calls on the community of practice approach to account for the shared interests motivating lifelong cross-cultural participation, the quality of social engagement between actors, and the material and cognitive tools called upon to realise global citizenship’s shared enterprise. Findings As argued here, embracing various cultures and inclusive participation can lead to a broader understanding of global citizenship, avoiding narrow-minded views of globalism through shared knowledge and critical practices. Further, self-access provides a cost-effective, technology-mediated alternative to bilateral student mobility, whereby digital community-building occasions cross-cultural practice that may be extended throughout a learner’s life, irrespective of their financial status or place of study. Originality/value This study is one of a select few drawing on the community of practice framework within the context of lifelong global citizenship. Nevertheless, such an approach remains primed for future development. With a social constructivist philosophy in view, the authors suggest complementary qualitative research approaches that highlight the socially situated nature of both disciplines.
Bootstrap Causality Analysis for BRICST Countries: Globalization, Income Inequality, Gender Inequality, and Economic Complexity

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Globalization serves as a driving force for developing countries to integrate into advanced economies while simultaneously posing a significant challenge by exacerbating income inequality. However, globalization is also known to positively influence economic complexity levels, which in turn contributes to reducing gender inequality a critical factor in mitigating income inequality indirectly. Within this framework, the present study explores the intricate relationships between income inequality, globalization, gender inequality, and economic complexity, focusing on BRICST (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and Türkiye) countries. In this study, the Kónya Bootstrap Panel Causality analysis was employed as the analytical method for the period 2010-2023. The findings indicate that globalization has the most significant impact on income inequality in Brazil, China, South Africa, and Türkiye, while gender inequality is most pronounced in Brazil and South Africa, and economic complexity is most influential in Brazil, China, and Türkiye. On the other hand, no Granger causality relationship was found between globalization, gender inequality, and income inequality in India and Russia. Additionally, it was determined that gender inequality does not have a significant effect on income inequality in Türkiye and China, while economic complexity does not exhibit a meaningful impact on income inequality in Russia and South Africa. The study's findings reveal that the causal relationship between globalization, gender inequality, economic complexity indicators, and income inequality has different dimensions. Therefore, according to the study results, policies to reduce income inequality should be formulated in line with national needs, considering economic, cultural, and sociological differences. Keywords: Income Inequality, Globalisation, Gender Inequality, Economic Complexity.
Politische Ökologie des Postsozialismus

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract. The consequences and effects of the socialist experiment are still felt today, a quarter century after the system change in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. The political, economic and social transformation processes which occurred in this period have only partially led to a convergence with the West. The former socialist societies show, to this day, striking differences and specific paths, which is why "postsocialism" as an explanatory category is still of relevance. Although political ecology was established decades ago, its research activities touching various fields and resulting in numerous studies conducted in rural and urban contexts around the world, there are hardly any political-ecological studies that deal with the post-socialist reality of Eurasia. A central field of political ecology stems from questions about the relationships between political and socio-economic transformation processes, on the one hand, and poverty, vulnerability and environmental change, on the other. Such problems occur in a particularly striking manner in the former "Second World" countries. Here, the spatial and temporal multiscalar approach of political ecology appears well suited to analyse the transformations of human-environment relationships. Political-ecological studies in the post-socialist sphere must take into account some special features, such as the legacy of socialist modernization, the disastrous environmental damages of the planned economy or the reconfiguration of institutions. This article discusses the conceptual particularities and challenges for a political ecology of post-socialism.
Additional file 9: of Genome analysis of Salmonella enterica subsp. diarizonae isolates from invasive human infections reveals enrichment of virulence-related functions in lineage ST1256

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Figure S3. Synteny analysis of the SPI-7 island between Typhi CT18 and S. diarizonae SBO13 and SBO27. (A) Comparison of the entire island; (B) detail of the rep, pil and tra loci. The vertical grey bars represent BLAST identity of homologous regions (minimal identity for matches 40%). The gradient of the grey colour bars represents BLAST identity (%). (XLSX 30 kb)
Exploiting a Lattice-Driven Gating in a Cu-Based Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework for Efficient High-Temperature Hydrogen Isotope Separation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

This study presents a novel approach for hydrogen isotope separation using Cu-ZIF-gis, a Cu-based zeolitic imidazolate framework with ca. 2.4 Å channels. Traditional Kinetic Quantum Sieving(KQS) method involves exploiting diffusion barriers, caused by the flexibility of local linker molecules or unit cell breathing phenomena. However, these methods are ineffective at high temperatures, as such opening transition typically completes below 77K. Cu-ZIF-gis leverages a new approach named "Lattice-driven gating", which uses lattice expansion to control the aperture at elevated temperatures up to 180K. Despite the lack of strong binding sites, it achieves effective isotope uptake via KQS above 120K and shows exceptional stability, remaining intact for nearly 3 years in air. With the help of Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering(QENS), we observe substantial differences in the molecular mobility of H2 and D2 above 150K. This method is compatible with existing LNG cryo-infrastructure, marking a significant advancement in sustainable isotope separation technologies.
Peer Review #1 of "Aquatic insect community structure revealed by eDNA metabarcoding derives indices for environmental assessment (v0.1)"

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis provides an efficient and objective approach for monitoring and assessing ecological status; however, studies on the eDNA of aquatic insects, such as Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT), are limited despite its potential as a useful indicator of river health.Here, we investigated the community structures of aquatic insects using eDNA and evaluated the applicability of eDNA data for calculating assessment indices.Field surveys were conducted to sample river water for eDNA at six locations from upstream to downstream of two rivers in Japan in July and November 2016.Simultaneously, aquatic insects were collected using the traditional Surber net survey method.The communities of aquatic insects were revealed using eDNA by targeting the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene in mitochondrial DNA via metabarcoding analyses.The eDNA results revealed 63 families and 75 genera of aquatic insects, which was double than that detected by the Surber net survey (especially for families in Diptera and Hemiptera).The seasonal differences of communities were discriminated by the eDNA and Surber net survey data.Furthermore, environmental assessment indices (i.e., EPT index and Chironomidae index) calculated using the richness of operational taxonomic units at the genus level showed positive correlations with total nitrogen concentration as a surrogate parameter of the degree of organic pollution but the index calculated using the Surber net survey data did not.Our results demonstrated that eDNA analysis with higher taxonomic resolution can serve as a more sensitive environmental assessment index than the traditional method that requires biotic samples.
Genetic individual identification from dried urine spots: A complementary tool to drug monitoring and anti‐doping testing

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The collection of liquid biological matrices onto paper cards (dried matrix spots [DMS]) is becoming an alternative sampling strategy. The stability over time of molecules of interest for therapeutic, sport drug monitoring, and forensic toxicology on DMS has been recently investigated representing a reliable alternative to conventional analytical techniques. When a tampering of a urine sample in drug monitoring or doping control cases is suspected, it could be relevant to know whether genetic profiles useful for individual identification could be generated from urine samples spotted onto paper (dried urine spot [DUS]). To understand the influence of sex, storage conditions, and time on the quality and quantity of the DNA, five female and ten male urine samples were dispensed onto Whatman 903 paper and sampled after different storage conditions over time, from 1 to 12 weeks. Direct PCR was performed starting from 2‐mm punches collected from each spot amplifying a panel of markers useful for individual identification. The female DUS stored in different conditions produced genetic profiles fully matching the reference samples. The same result was obtained for the male DUS but using urine 30X concentrated by centrifugation instead of the original samples. Our data show that this approach is valid for genetic individual identification of urine samples spotted onto paper cards up to 12 weeks after deposition and could be easily incorporated in anti‐doping or drug screening protocols to help on the suspicion of evidence tampering or to solve questions on the reliability of samples collection.
APPARENT PARASITIC GAPS AND NULL ARGUMENTS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this article is twofold: first, it aims to point out that though what appear to be parasitic gaps exist in Japanese, they behave differently from their English coun terpart in crucial ways; second, it argues that the existence of those apparent parasitic gaps in Japanese is closely related to the possibility of null arguments in the language. The argument crucially relies on the proposal, independently made in the literature, that certain cases of null arguments involve ellipsis rather than empty pronouns.
Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth ICP 12348

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth
Common name(s): Pigeonpea
Other names: P 1701, PI 395170, ICP 12348
Conserved by: International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), India
Local sample unique identifier: ICP 12348
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1983-06-15
Other identifiers: n/a,PI 395170, n/a,P 1701
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
MLS status: Included
Adsorption of Bilirubin by Direct Hemoperfusion Using Macroporous Polymer Beads.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

血液中の代謝産物であるビリルビンを吸着除去することを目的としてアミン化合物を担持した多孔性のポリマービーズを合成し, このビーズのビリルビン吸着特性をタンパク質を含む模擬血清あるいは高ビリルビン症患者血漿を用いたin vitroでの検討をし, さらに直接血液灌流法によるex vivoでの検討を加えた. ビリルビンの吸着は溶媒のpHに影響され, pH5.4に比較してpH7.4で高い吸着性を示した. しかしながら, ビーズの架橋度あるいはアミン化合物の種類にはあまり影響されなかった. 血液適合性を改善するためにビーズをポリ (2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリラート) (poly (HEMA)) で被覆した. これにより吸着特性が変化することはなかった. イヌを用いた血液直接灌流法によりビリルビンの除去特性及び血液適合性を評価した. その結果, ビリルビンは効果的に吸着除去されるものの, 血液との相互作用も強いことがわかった. 特に白血球や血小板がビーズとの接触により著しく減少することが見いだされた. さらにビーズ表面には多くの血球成分が粘着し, 凝集していることがわかった. 以上のことより, アミン化合物を導入した多孔性ビーズはビリルビンの吸着には有効であるが, poly (HEMA) の被覆では直接血液灌流に利用できる程度の十分な血液適合性は付与できないことが明らかになった.
Differences in time-domain and spectral indexes of skin-surface laser-Doppler signals between controls and breast-cancer subjects

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The present study has revealed significant differences in the beat-to-beat and spectral indexes of skin-surface-acquired LDF signals between control subjects and breast-cancer patients. This illustrates that LDF indexes may be useful for monitoring the changes in the MBF perfusion condition induced by breast cancer. Since the breast-cancer patients were at TNM stages 0- 2, the present findings may aid the development of indexes for detecting breast cancer.
ORAI1 Limits SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Regulating Tonic Type I IFN Signaling

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract ORAI1 and stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) are the critical mediators of store-operated Ca2+ entry by acting as the pore subunit and an endoplasmic reticulum–resident signaling molecule, respectively. In addition to Ca2+ signaling, STIM1 is also involved in regulation of the type I IFN (IFN-I) response. To examine their potential role in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, we generated ORAI1 and STIM1 knockout human HEK293–angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 cells and checked their responses. STIM1 knockout cells showed strong resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection as a result of enhanced IFN-I response. On the contrary, ORAI1 deletion induced high susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mechanistically, ORAI1 knockout cells showed reduced homeostatic cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration and severe impairment in tonic IFN-I signaling. Transcriptome analysis showed downregulation of multiple antiviral signaling pathways in ORAI1 knockout cells, likely because of reduced expression of the Ca2+-dependent transcription factors of the AP-1 family and MEF2C. Accordingly, modulation of homeostatic Ca2+ concentration by pretreatment with ORAI1 blocker or agonist could influence baseline IFNB expression and resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection in a human lung epithelial cell line. Our results identify a novel role of ORAI1-mediated Ca2+ signaling in regulating the tonic IFN-I levels, which determine host resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Protists and Multiple Routes to the Evolution of Multicellularity

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of this chapter is to ask what aspects pertaining to the evolutionary origin of multicellular life might be inferred from a survey of otherwise dissimilar protists that display one or both of two features: a unicellular-to-multicellular transition as part of their normal life cycle, or membership of a closely related group that contains both unicellular and multicellular members. Accordingly, we highlight aspects of multicellular development in three different "supergroups" of eukaryote protists: Dictyostelid or cellular slime molds (CSMs) (supergroup Amoebozoa, Mycetozoa; Section 4.2); Choanoflagellates, Filastareans, and Icthyosporeans (Opisthokonta, unicellular Holozoa; Section 4.3); and Volvocine green algae (Archaeplastida, Chlorophyceae; Section 4.4); their last common ancestor is believed to lie at the very root of the evolutionary tree of eukaryotes (Burki). In the first two, multicellularity is achieved by the aggregation of single cells, in the third, by the products of cell division staying together.
Estimation of Atherosclerotic Plaque Material Properties: A Mixed Method of Strain Imaging and Inverse Finite Element Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease characterized by plaque formation in the vessel wall. Plaque rupture initiates thrombus formation and may lead to myocardial infarction, stroke and eventually, to sudden death [1]. A plaque ruptures when the mechanical stress in the plaque exceeds its strength. Thus, biomechanical models have a great potential to predict plaque rupture. For reliable prediction models, correct material properties of plaque components at large strains are prerequisite. However, the data available in literature are limited and show a wide range.
Étude de quelques états excités de 41a par la réaction 40a(d, pγ) 41A

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Measurements of the (p, γ) angular correlations from the 40A(d, pγ) 41A reactions have been made at Ed = 2.8 MeV for the following levels of 41A : Eex = 2.398 ; 2.734 and 2.947 MeV. The values of the related branching ratios were improved and previous assignment Jπ = 3/2- could be worne out for the level at Eex = 2.734 MeV.
Serum Adenylate Kinase Activity in the Early Phase of Acute Myocardial Infarction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Elevated adenylate kinase activities in serum and urine have been studied among patients suffering from myocardial infarction. 71% of the patients had clearly increased activities in serum already on admission to the hospital, i.e. about 12 hours after onset of symptoms and patients was 45%. A maximum peak value of the activity in serum was seen at 6 hours after admission to the hospital, i.e. about 12 hrs after onset of symptoms and the elevated enzyme activity value persisted for at least 12 hours after admission. The patients with the elevated adenylate kinase activity in serum were arbitrarily divided into three groups as regards activity. It was shown that the difference in activity of ASAT as well as LD of the high and low activity group was significant (p less than 0.01). No such difference was established between these groups for ALAT, usually not being considered as a reliable test enzyme for myocardial infarction.
PREVALENCE OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS CAUSED BY PSEUDOMONAS AERGINOSA IN ASSIUT UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pseudomonas (Ps.) aeruginosa is one of the most common pathogens causing nosocomial infections.This pathogen causes several infections including urinary tract infection (UTI), wound infection, pneumonia, bacteremia,…etc.Immunocompromised patients and patients in intensive care unit are at high risk of acquisition of infection, in addition multidrug resistant Ps. aeruginosa isolates had been characterized.This study was planned to determine the frequency of Ps. aeruginosa in nosocomially infected patients in Assiut university hospital and to type isolated strains.In this study, 677 samples collected from 366 nosocomially infected patients admitted to different hospital wards at Assiut University Hospitals, including chest, trauma, neurology, internal medicine, post operative and pediatric ICUs, trauma and hematology units.Identification of bacterial strains was done by cultural and biochemical tests.Biotyping analysis for isolated strains was done using API 20NE.In our study, a total of 30 (8.2%) Ps. aeruginosa strains were isolated.Four API codes profile for Ps.aeruginosa isolates were identified, the isolate with API code profile 1154575 was more frequent distributed in Assiut University Hospital.