jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Production of Minor Ginsenosides C-K and C-Y from Naturally Occurring Major Ginsenosides Using Crude β-Glucosidase Preparation from Submerged Culture of Fomitella fraxinea

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Minor ginsenosides, such as compounds (C)-K and C-Y, possess relatively better bioactivity than those of naturally occurring major ginsenosides. Therefore, this study focused on the biotransformation of major ginsenosides into minor ginsenosides using crude β-glucosidase preparation isolated from submerged liquid culture of Fomitella fraxinea (FFEP). FFEP was prepared by ammonium sulfate (30–80%) precipitation from submerged culture of F. fraxinea. FFEP was used to prepare minor ginsenosides from protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type ginsenoside (PPDG-F) or total ginsenoside fraction (TG-F). In addition, biotransformation of major ginsenosides into minor ginsenosides as affected by reaction time and pH were investigated by TLC and HPLC analyses, and the metabolites were also identified by UPLC/negative-ESI-Q-TOF-MS analysis. FFEP biotransformed ginsenosides Rb1 and Rc into C-K via the following pathways: Rd → F2 → C-K for Rb1 and both Rd → F2→ C-K and C-Mc1 → C-Mc → C-K for Rc, respectively, while C-Y is formed from Rb2 via C-O. FFEP can be applied to produce minor ginsenosides C-K and C-Y from PPDG-F or TG-F. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the production of C-K and C-Y from major ginsenosides by basidiomycete F. fraxinea.
Cerebral Cryptococcosis in a Horse

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

10 Moulton JE: Tumors of the respiratory system. In: Tumors of Domestic Animals, 2nd ed., ed. Moulton, p. 2 1 1. University of California Press, Berkeley, 1978 Priester WA, McKay, FW: The Occurrence of Tumors of Domestic Animals, p. 140. National Cancer Institute Monograph 54, 1980 Roberts MC, Kelly WR: Squamous cell carcinoma of the lower cervical oesophagus in a pony. Eq Vet J 11:199, 1979 Strafuss AC: Squamous cell carcinoma in horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 168:61, 1976 Sundberg JP, Burnstein T, Page EH, Kirkham WW, Robinson FR: Neoplasms of Equidae. J Am Vet Med Assoc 170: 150, 1977 11 Tennant B, Keirn DR, White KK, Bentinck-Smith J, Kind JM: Six cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach of the horse. Eq Vet J 14:238, 1982 12 Traver DS, Coffman JR, Morre JN, Johnson JH, Jones B: Non-invasive diagnosis of growths in the equine nasal passage. Vet Med/Sm An Clin 72:848, 1977
Occupational safety and health provisions of the MLC 2006 - Changes and cost analysis for a Greek medium size fleet shipmanagement company

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The most significant regulations of MLC, 2006 regarding crew occupational safety and relevant health provisions that are added in the international regulatory framework or differentiated in comparison to SOLAS, STCW, MARPOL, are the main subject of this thesis along with a cost analysis of the implementation and audit of relevant articles for a medium sized Greek ship management company. \nUnder Article IV of MLC, 2006, every seafarer has the right to a safe and secure workplace that complies with safety standards, to fair terms of employment, to decent working and living conditions on board ship and to health protection, medical care, welfare measures and other forms of social protection. Scope of this thesis is to examine how these conditions eventually influenced shipping industry. \n Mapping, step by step, the most important changes occurred from the implementation of MLC, 2006, respective costs recognized in order to determine, in monetary terms, how and in what extent shipping companies have been affected.
Cancer Signaling Transcriptome Is Upregulated in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We aimed to explore the differences in the whole transcriptome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells between elderly individuals with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). We conducted a microarray-based transcriptome analysis of 19 individuals with T2D and 15 without. Differentially expressed genes according to linear models were submitted to the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis system to conduct a functional enrichment analysis. We established that diseases, biological functions, and canonical signaling pathways were significantly associated with T2D patients when their logarithms of Benjamini–Hochberg-adjusted p-value were >1.30 and their absolute z-scores were >2.0 (≥2.0 meant “upregulation” and ≤ −2.0 “downregulation”). Cancer signaling pathways were the most upregulated ones in T2D (z-score = 2.63, −log(p-value) = 32.3; 88.5% (n = 906) of the total differentially expressed genes located in these pathways). In particular, integrin (z-score = 2.52, −log(p-value) = 2.03) and paxillin (z-score = 2.33, −log(p-value) = 1.46) signaling pathways were predicted to be upregulated, whereas the Rho guanosine diphosphate (Rho-GDP) dissociation inhibitor signaling pathway was predicted to be downregulated in T2D individuals (z-score = −2.14, −log(p-value) = 2.41). Our results suggest that, at transcriptional expression level, elderly individuals with T2D present an increased activation of signaling pathways related to neoplastic processes, T-cell activation and migration, and inflammation.
Modulation of adrenocorticoids on immune state of viral myocarditis in rats

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To investigate the modulation of adrenocorticoids on immune state of murine viral myocarditis. Methods: Two hundreds and forty 4-week-old male Balb/c mice were divided into six groups randomly, including :(1) group A : normal control;(2)group B: adrenocorticoids control (3) group C: infected control without any treatment (4) group D: infected mice with adrenocorticoids treated at early stage;(5) group E: infected mice treated with adrenocorticoids at middle stage;(6) group F: infected mice with adrenocorticoids at late stage. The percentages of lymphocyte apoptosis in peripheral blood, thymus gland and spleen were detected with Annexin V/PI technique, while T lymphocyte subsets of peripheral blood with flow cytometry. Anticardiolipin antibody(ACA) was also examined by ELISA. Results: In each viral myocarditis group, the percentages of lymphocytes apoptosis in peripheral blood, thymus and spleen and the positives rate of ACA were higher than those in normal control. T lymphocyte subsets were decreased, especially on 10 to 14 days. In adrenocorticoids therapy groups, the percentages of lymphocytes apoptosis were significantly higher whereas the positive rates of ACA were lower than those in viral myocarditis control group. There were no differences between T cell subsets in adrenocorticoids therapy groups with those in viral myocarditis control group. Conclusion: Adrenocorticoids therapy induces apoptosis of the sensitive lymphocytes in peripheral blood, thymus and spleen with viral myocarditis, and reduces the inflammatory infiltration in myocardium.
Characterization of Shallow Sedimentary Layers in the Oran Region Using Ambient Vibration Data

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This study investigates the structure of shear-wave velocities (Vs) in the shallow layers of the Oran region, north-west of Algeria, using non-invasive techniques based on ambient vibration arrays. The region has experienced several moderate earthquakes, including the historical Oran earthquake of 1790. Ambient vibration measurements were carried out at 15 sites throughout the study area. Two methods were used: spatial autocorrelation (SPAC) and frequency–wavenumber analysis (f-k), which allowed us to better constrain Rayleigh wave dispersion curves. The inversion of the dispersion curves derived from the f-k analysis allowed for estimating the shear-wave velocity profiles and the Vs30 value at the sites under study. The other important result of the present study is an empirical equation that has been proposed to predict Vs30 in the Oran region. The determination of near-surface shear-wave velocity profiles is an important step in the assessment of seismic hazard. This study has demonstrated the effectiveness of using ambient vibration array techniques to estimate the soil Vs structure.
Visualization-based Iterative Segmentation to Augment Video Game Analytics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Within the field of games, visualization of player log data is becoming an important method for its utility in providing an intuitive and informative way to understand players' experience, which is thus often used by game analytics personnel and game user researchers. Moreover, even players themselves show increased interest in using analytics to quantify and self-improve their performances. Among other types of visualizations, node-edge graphs have proven to be capable of revealing the process of individual and aggregated players, allowing analysts to discover play patterns that can inform game design. However, visualization of player traces often has several disadvantages. First, displaying players' process data does not trivially scale, as tendentially high variance often leads to complex and abstruse graphs. Second, when aggregating all players, individual variations are often overlooked. For example, data from minorities (e.g., casual players or players who played the game very differently than others) are often treated as outliers or noise. In this paper, we present an iterative segmentation approach that allows analysts to interact with the visualization and group players into different subcategories through meta-data or behavioral patterns. Using this approach, analysts can bypass complicated visualizations while protecting significant unique information.
Mobile Service Robots Crash Testing with Pedestrians: Safety Assessment with Child and Adult Dummies

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Data published with the manuscript: “Estimating risks posed by personal mobility devices and service robots to pedestrians: comparative crash testing of adult versus child dummies”. 2021 (Paez-Granados & Billard, 2021)
Summary: This dataset contains injury measures during collisions between a mobile service robot - Qolo - (Paez-Granados, et al, 2018) and pedestrian dummies: male adult Hybrid-III (H3) and child model 3-years-old (Q3). We present multiple collision scenarios for the assessment of pedestrian safety, considering possible impacts at the legs for adult pedestrians, and legs, chest and head for children. In these tests, we followed known methods of safety analysis used in car crash testing and used a standing wheelchair robot "Qolo" as a representative system of mobile service robots, such as delivery bots (robot without occupant), person carrier robots, autonomous wheelchairs, standing mobility vehicles, and other transport robots expected to operate in pedestrian and public areas. The robot was equipped with an experimental front structure allowing different bumper heights and measurement of reaction forces. On the other hand, the human dummies were equipped with standard instrumentation calibrated in accordance with SAE J211-1 for impact tests, thus, the child dummy, Q3 provided head accelerations, neck forces and moments, chest deflections, and accelerations; and pelvis accelerations. The dummy H3 provided forces and moments at the tibia and femur, and accelerations at the pelvis, chest, and head. You will find scripts to read and plot the data, as well as, analysis of the injury risk based on standard crash testing metrics: Head Injury Criteria (HIC-15), head acceleration (a_3ms), Neck Injury (Nij), Chest deflection (CD), and tibia injury (TI). Instructions: This dataset contains the following main files: Data Description.pdf: Highly recommended to read through this file for understanding the setup of the collected dataset, as well as, the submitted manuscript. collision_test_rawdata.zip: This file contains all the raw data for each sensor as mentioned in table 3, organized in independent subfolders as described in table 2. ‘test_name’/01_values/’testName’_CFC1000.xlsx collision_test_analysis.zip: This file contains all the processed data for each sensor in order to apply known injury metrics (Nij, HIC15, acc_3ms, TI, CC, VCI), organized in independent subfolders as described in table 2.‘test_name’/01_values/’testName’_Analysis_v2.xlsx --> Dataset with filtered sensor data accordingly to SAEJ21. collision_data_matlab_structure.zip: Matlab containers with all data - also available as .mat files for easy reading from Code Ocean capsule. scripts-crash-test-service-robots.zip: processing of the dataset is provided in this file with structure of data in Matlab containers and scripts for visualizing the data (see section III), further analysis scripts in the linked GitHub: https://github.com/epfl-lasa/crash-tests-service-robots
Globally Asymptotic Stability of a Kind of Third-Order Delay Differential System

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we prove the globally asymptotic stability criteria for the general autonomous delay differential system, and study a kind of third-order nonlinear delay system for globally asymptotic stability. 0 • r(t) • ∞ , ∞ is a positive constant which will be determined later , '(˜x) , g(_x) , f(x) are continuous functions , '(0) = g(0) = f(0) = 0 . Essentially, our subject is to establish some sufficient conditions for the globally asymptotic stability of solutions of (5) .
Bone Geometry and Bone Density in Athletes and Sedentary Controls According to Menstrual Function.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Athletes have higher bone mineral density (BMD) compared with non-athletes. In amenorrheic athletes BMD may be compromised by estrogen deficiency but it is unknown whether this is accompanied by structural differences. PURPOSE: To compare bone geometry and density of a/oligomenorrheic athletes (AA), eumenorrheic (EA) athletes and eumenorrheic controls (EC). METHODS: 158 women (70 endurance athletes and 88 controls) were recruited. BMD was measured at the femoral neck and lumbar spine (L1-L4) using dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and femoral neck section modulus (Z) was estimated. Menstrual function was assessed by questionnaire and classified as eumenorrhoeic (> 10 periods/year) or a/oligomenorrhoic (< 9 periods/year). Bone variables were compared between groups with ANOVA and analysis repeated with age, height and weight included as covariates. RESULTS: 30 athletes were AA and 40 EA. EC were significantly older, heavier and shorter than EA and AA who did not differ significantly. Femoral neck BMD was significantly higher in EA than AA and EC [mean (SE) 1.117 (0.015); 1.036 (0.020) and 0.999 (0.014) g cm-2 respectively; p<0.001]. Z was significantly higher in EA than EC, [EA: 657 (20), AA: 639 (20), and EC: 592 (10) cm3p= 0.004] although AA did not differ significantly from EA and EC. Lumbar spine BMD was significantly lower in AA than EC [EA: 1.141 (0.019), AA: 1.105 (0.026) and EC: 1.188 (0.014) g cm-2, p=0.007]. All differences persisted after adjustment for height, age and body mass. CONCLUSIONS: Eumenorrheic athletes had significantly higher femoral neck BMD and Z than controls, consistent with previous research. Femoral neck Z and hence strength in bending was relatively maintained in athletes with menstrual dysfunction despite their lower BMD at this site, indicating possible structural adaptation.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Epstein-Barr virus myeloradiculitis and encephalomyeloradiculitis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We provide a comprehensive clinical, radiological and virological analysis of four patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection of the nervous system. One patient developed acute myeloradiculitis, one had acute encephalomyeloradiculitis, one had acute meningoencephalomyeloradiculitis and one had a subacute meningomyeloradiculitis. The ability of EBV to affect multiple parts of the entire neuraxis from meninges and brain to the spinal cord and peripheral nerves was evidenced by combinations of stiff neck and mental status changes, as well as patterns of weakness and sensory loss due to transverse myelitis or peripheral nerve disease. The CSF of all four patients contained a pleocytosis, predominantly mononuclear with elevated levels of protein, but a normal glucose level. In the two patients with acute myeloradiculitis and subacute meningomyeloradiculitis, the MRI revealed an increased signal in the spinal cord and lumbosacral roots, but in the two patients with acute encephalomyeloradiculitis and acute meningoencephalomyeloradiculitis, the brain and spinal cord MRIs were normal. In all four patients, EBV DNA, but not cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) or varicella-zoster virus (VZV) DNA, was found in the CSF. The antibody pattern in serum was consistent with recent infection, and both EBV immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG antibodies, but not antibodies to HSV, VZV or CMV, were found in the CSF. Finally, there were reduced serum/CSF ratios of antibody to EBV, but not to total IgG or albumin, consistent with intrathecal antibody synthesis. None of the four patients died and none had brain swelling or focal changes according to brain MRI. Residual neurological deficits were evident. The two patients with acute myeloradiculitis and acute meningomyeloradiculitis had residual lower extremity weakness, and one of these patients later developed optic neuritis. The patient with acute encephalomyeloradiculitis had a moderate flaccid paraparesis, and the patient with subacute meningomyeloradiculitis was left with sensory loss in the feet. Compared with neurological disease caused by other herpes viruses, the clinical features of acute EBV myeloradiculitis, encephalomyeloradiculitis, encephalomyeloradiculitis and subacute meningomyeloradiculitis are distinctive. Of the eight human herpesviruses, EBV and VZV produce the most protean neurological syndromes. The mechanism by which EBV produces neurological disease is unknown. More correlative pathological, virological and immunological studies are needed in EBV-associated neurological disease. PMID: 11834601 Funding information This work was supported by: NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: NS32623 NIA NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: AG06127
The Small Heat-shock Proteins IbpA and IbpB in E. coli: The Small Ones With a Big Role

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cells live in diverse environments and so face various kinds of stresses which include temperature stress, pH stress, superoxide stress, toxin stress, etc. These cellular stresses impose a challenge to the survival and normal machinery of the cell. As a result of these stresses the structure of cellular proteins are hampered that leads to functional alteration of the same. Heat stress or heat shock may result in formation of disaggregated structure, misfolded as well as damaged proteins which make a burden to the living cells. So, to counteract such stresses, cells evolve anti-stress mechanism or heat- shock response which includes different types of proteins, known as heat-shock proteins. When cellular temperature elevates, these proteins become active. These heat shock proteins may be Foldase which helps to restore proper folding state or native state of the misfolded proteins, may be Holdase, which prevents the cellular stressed proteins from being misfolded and maintains an intermediate folding competent state, may be Disaggregase, which stops the cellular proteins from being disaggregated or may be Protease, which eliminates the damaged proteins of the stressed cell. These four categories of heat-shock proteins act in a concerted way to control and maintain the cellular protein quality. Inclusion body protein A (IbpA) and Inclusion body protein B (IbpB) are Small heat shock proteins of Escherichia coli, as they have a low molecular weight and show increased expression and activity during temperature elevation. These proteins have a conserved α-crystallin domain flanked by variable terminal regions. These proteins oligomerise with each other and recognize heat stressed misfolded proteins through their terminal regions to restore the intermediate folding competent state of the aggregated proteins by eliciting its heat-shock response. Once the intermediate state is achieved, they send this stressed protein to Foldase proteins to trigger proper folding. As IbpA and IbpB do not have a foldase activity and can only prevent the cellular heat-stressed proteins from being misfolded, they act as holdase heat-shock proteins. These proteins act efficiently at stressed temperature and remain in their free state at physiological temperature. At this state, they do not form oligomers and show a poor substrate affinity, which makes Lon protease, the principal protease of Escherichia coli to bind to the Ibps and start proteolysis. IbpA and IbpB are substrates of Lon protease at physiological temperature and it recognizes the IbpA and IbpB through their conserved α-crystallin domains. In this review a clear picture of the structure, mechanistic details of substrate recognition, affinity and binding of IbpA and IbpB at stressed condition are depicted as well as the underlying molecular machinery of proteolysis of IbpA and IbpB by Lon protease is also stated. Keywords: IbpA, IbpB, Small heat shock proteins, Heat shock response, Molecular chaperone, Molecular interactions, Chaperone activity.
GERMAN IMMIGRATION POLICY–PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The ongoing inflow of family members of immigrants at the beginning of the 1980s seemed to be the end of the large immigration flows that had started in 1955, when Germany agreed to temporary labor immigration from Italy. Immigration did not end in the 1950s. This chapter looks at what happened instead of an end to immigration into Germany. There was a sharp increase in the numbers of immigrants until 1973, when a ban was placed on further labor immigration due to rising unemployment in Germany. The rise in immigration at the beginning of the eighties was due to programs for family unification. A voluntary return program designed for Turkish immigrants and their families caused a decline in immigration numbers beginning in 1983. Following the United States, Germany now has the second greatest numbers of immigrants of any country in the world.
Trans-Lunar Cruise Trajectory Design of GRAIL (Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory) Mission

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission is a part of NASA’s discovery program that will map the lunar gravity field in order to better understand the internal structure of the Moon by sending two orbiters in a low-energy trans-lunar cruise (TLC) trajectory, whose flight time is 90-115 days. This paper focuses on the low-energy TLC trajectory design of the GRAIL mission. The trajectory enters into the Sun-Earth three body region to lower the instantaneous lunar orbit insertion (LOI) V. Since the two spacecraft are launched from a common launch vehicle, two deterministic mid-course maneuvers are required for each trajectory. LOI targets are determined according to the requirements and needs of the GRAIL orbital phases. Once LOI targets are determined, the dual spacecraft low-energy TLC trajectories can be generated optimally depending on the desired constraints and cost functions. The launch targets are one of the products of the trajectory optimization. Some interesting results pertaining to the low-energy TLC trajectories are presented in the form of data and plots.