jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ultradian components in the locomotor activity rhythms of the genetically normal mouse,Mus musculus

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY Ultradian periodicities in physiological processes have been reported for a wide variety of organisms and may appear as bouts in locomotor activity. In some instances, this temporal organization can be related to some ethological strategy. In mice, however, ultradian rhythms have been reported largely in animals with circadian pacemakers disrupted either by genetic or surgical manipulation. Using analysis techniques capable of resolving periodicities in the ultradian range in the presence of strong diel periodicity, we found unequivocal evidence of ultradian rhythms in mice entrained to an light:dark cycle. We collected locomotor activity data of individuals from 11 genetically disparate strains of mice whose activity was recorded in 12 h:12 h L:D photoperiods for 3 days. Data were subjected to maximum entropy spectral analysis and autocorrelation, both before and after filtering to remove the 24-h periodicity. We found that every strain had a majority of individuals with strong ultradian rhythms ranging from ~3 to ~5 h. These periodicities were commonly visible in individual animals both in high-pass-filtered and in unfiltered data. Furthermore, when all raw data from a given strain were pooled to get a 24-h ensemble average across all animals and days, the rhythms continued to be discernable. We fitted Fourier series to these form estimates to model the frequency structure of each strain and found significant effects of strain and an interaction between period and strain indicating significant genetic variation for rhythmicity in the ultradian range. The techniques employed in this study should have wider use in a range of organisms and fields.
Mycophenolate mofetil for myasthenia gravis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The authors report a retrospective analysis of the use of mycophenolate mofetil (MyM) in 85 patients with autoimmune myasthenia gravis. The Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) postintervention status (PIS) was used to characterize the treatment response in each patient. Sixty-two patients (73%) achieved a PIS status indicating improvement. Quantitative strength testing performed on the majority of patients before and after treatment also improved. Side effects to MyM were observed in 27% of patients but required discontinuation in only 6%.
Numerical modeling of atomistic‐to‐continuum coupling based on bridging domain method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Nano‐submodeling is an approach that enables insertion of nano‐refined submodel (atomistic) in the global model (continuum). In this work analysis of the spurious effects that may arise in the concurrent atomistic‐to‐continuum coupling is performed. The coupling is based on the overlapping domain decomposition (ODD) method called bridging domain [1, 2] (similar is Arlequin [3] method) where different models are overlapped and the displacements compatibility is enforced via Lagrange multipliers (LM). Some coupling options such as energy weighting, coupling zone geometry and LM field interpolation are tested. (© 2011 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
2437. The Impact of Healthcare Associated Infections on Costs and Lengths of Stay 2019-2023

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background As 85% of hospitals in the U.S. face unsustainable operating margins, extraordinary labor costs (LC) from nursing shortages, and have under resourced infection prevention departments, updated assessments of the costs of healthcare associated infections (HAI) are needed. However, most published cost analyses are either more than a decade old, or did not adjust for timing of infection. We sought to determine excess lengths of stay (LOS) and LC associated with HAI during the COVID-19 era, while adjusting for timing of infection. Timing of Infection Onset In Patients with an HAI Legend: dark orange = days before infection; light orange = days after infection; yellow bar = geometric mean national average length of stay of uninfected patients with the same diagnosis code; green circle = mean length of stay of local uninfected controls Methods All inpatients in an academic tertiary care center and 4 community hospitals in Western NY from 01-01-19 to 12-31-22 were included. Using nationally standardized definitions of catheter-associated urinary tract (CAUTI), central line associated bloodstream (CLABSI), and surgical site infections (SSI), 728 HAIs were identified and compared to patients during the same encounter with the same diagnosis codes (DRG) without an HAI (n= 90,046). Only days after infection onset were used to calculate excess LOS and cost. Results The mean yearly standardized infection ratios (SIRs), as defined by the National Healthcare Safety Network, were 0.89, 0.98, and 1.14 for CLABSI, CAUTI and SSI, respectively. Patients with an HAI had significantly higher LC and longer post-infection LOS (all p-values &lt; 0.005) compared to a national benchmark and their DRG-matched HAI-negative counterparts. Per admission, the average excess labor cost and excess LOS were $43,975, 13.4 days for CLABSI; $31,253, 8.9 days for CAUTI; and $5,985, 1.4 days for SSI (Table). The 4-year total was $23.4 M, and 4810 excess days. 100% of CLABSI and CAUTI occurred after the 13th day, and the pre and post-infection LOS were similar. SSI occurred early in admission, and the post-infection LOS was longer than the pre-infection LOS (Figure). Re-admission occurred for 83% of SSI. For CLABSI and CAUTI excess LOS and costs increased 178% over the study period. Conclusion These findings suggest that for CLABSI and CAUTI, minimizing pre-infection LOS can provide a greater economic and safety impact than focusing entirely on preventing the infection. However, for SSI, focusing on preventing the infection may provide the greatest benefit. Other hospitals can adjust these data based on their individual SIRs. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
A 14‐Gene Panel for Predicting Colorectal Cancer Recurrence Using Circulating Tumor DNA in Different Testing Conditions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Detecting minimal residual disease after surgery is critical for assessing colorectal cancer recurrence risk. Traditional methods, including histology and carcinoembryonic antigen testing, have limited sensitivity. As circulating tumor DNA has emerged as a promising minimal residual disease biomarker, we evaluated circulating tumor DNA detection using a sensitive, targeted 14‐gene panel, the Sysmex Plasma‐Safe‐SeqS colorectal cancer assay, in resectable colorectal cancer cases. We enrolled 46 Japanese patients with preoperatively diagnosed stage II colorectal cancer who underwent surgery at three institutions. Plasma samples were collected pre‐ and postoperatively. Tumor‐informed, plasma‐informed, and tumor‐naive Plasma‐Safe‐SeqS colorectal cancer assays were performed. Patients were followed for a median of 1169 (range 148–1476) days using clinical assessments and computed tomography scans. Variants in tumor tissue were detected in 45 of 46 cases (98%). Preoperative circulating tumor DNA was detected in 32 (70%) and postoperative circulating tumor DNA in 16 (35%) patients. Postoperative circulating tumor DNA predicted recurrence with 33%, 38%, and 25% of positive percent agreement for tumor‐informed, plasma‐informed, and tumor‐naive assays, respectively. The tumor‐naive assay detected more postoperative circulating tumor DNA‐positive cases than the others. As the tumor‐naive approach does not require preoperative genetic profiling, it offers significant advantages in cost and ease of implementation in routine clinical practice. Further large‐scale studies are warranted to optimize detection strategies.
A Refractometric Method for Testing Seed Coat Permeability1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Utilizing the refractometric method (3) to measure water flow by the resulting changes in concentration of a sucrose solution, we have designed an apparatus and procedure to measure the rate of water movement through seed coats of snap beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris , L.). The degree of accuracy obtainable in reading the sucrose concentration on the refractometric scale was ± 0.05%. Using 0.2 ml of solution, it was thus possible to detect the movement of 0.4 mm 3 of water across the seed coat membrane. Permeability of the seed coats ranged from 0.78 mg/mm 2 /hr for the least permeable to 1.82 mg/mm 2 /hr for the most permeable of the 11 varieties tested. With one exception, the white‐seeded beans were more permeable than the dark‐seeded ones.
Different Postnatal Development of Convulsions and Lethality Induced by Strychnine in Rats

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract: The convulsant action of strychnine was studied in 310 male albino rats, aged 3 to 25 days. Doses of 0.25–4 mg/kg were administered intraperitoneally and the animals were observed for 30 min. Generalized tonic‐clonic seizures involving also tonic hindlimb extension occurred in all age groups. The convulsant effects of strychnine increased from day 3 to day 18, and decreased again from day 25, as indicated by the incidence and latencies of seizures. Lethal effects did not occur before day 12. Hyperactivity was seen as the first sign of strychnine action in rats during the first week of life, automatisms predominating in 18‐day‐old animals. Electroencephalographic study in 30 rat pups with implanted electrodes demonstrated an extremely poor electro‐clinical correlation.
Research on Dynamic Multi-Layer Block Network Evolution Based on Bayesian Inference

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Dynamic multi-layer network analysis is the frontier direction of network science and a prominent challenge in the field of complex network systems. In this paper, a covariate-assisted dynamic multi-layer network community detection method is proposed, which effectively combines the dependence within each network, across time and between different layers. The latent Gaussian process is used to model the edge probability between participants, and a flexible time series analysis is obtained. An extended model based on community is proposed to reduce the computational burden. In terms of parameter estimation, this paper uses the Bayesian method to conduct posterior inference on model parameters. Finally, a set of real business relationship network data is used for experiments, and the results show that the dynamic multilayer block network model has lower estimation time cost and better prediction performance, and the chunking structure of its model is more capable of revealing meaningful community structures, which makes it suitable for dealing with more complex dynamic networks.
Knowledge about the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Visiting the Outpatient Clinics at Tertiary Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: One of the primary goals of diabetes management is to prevent cardiovascular events. The rate of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is significantly high in the diabetic population. Inadequate knowledge of CVDs risk in diabetes may result in the failure of its early prevention, causing increased morbidity and mortality. The objectives of this study were to assess the CVD risk knowledge and determine the predictors of the knowledge among adults with type 2 diabetes. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the study objectives. Convenience sampling was used to recruit adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) who visited the King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC) outpatient clinics. Data were collected using the Heart Disease Fact Questionnaire. SPSS software (version 24.0) was used for data analysis. Results: A total of 383 patients were recruited. The level of CVD risk knowledge was high among all participants (19.04 ± 3.47). There were significant differences in knowledge scores between different groups, including age (p = 0.01), marital status (p = 0.01), and type of residence (p = 0.04). Participants who were older than 40 years, married, and lived in traditional houses had higher knowledge scores. Conclusion: The study findings indicated a high level of CVD risk knowledge in our study population. The presence of multidisciplinary intensive education programmes targeting type 2 DM patients, such as that conducted at KSUMC, might be responsible for the higher levels of knowledge among our study population. Thus, increasing the efforts towards the education of patients will improve the level of knowledge, including CVD risk knowledge.
Revisiting a classic case study

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose – On 10 September 2007 the world was stunned by the news that Anita Roddick – the founder of The Body Shop – was dead at the age of 64. Everyone recognizes the success of The Body Shop, but it is not easily explained using traditional strategic thinking. This paper aims to shed new light on Anita Roddick's entrepreneurial and managerial flair, as well as on her legacy to the field of management.
Molecular Regulation of Vascular Abnormalization and Its Role in Glioma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Glioblastoma, grade IV glioma, is the one of the deadliest cancers, with a median survival of only 12-15 months despite aggressive treatment including surgery, chemotherapy and radiation. One hallmark of glioblastoma is the morphological and functional abnormalization of tumor blood vessels. The molecular mechanisms involved in this process and their functional and pathological implications are not yet fully understood. Indentification of molecular mechanisms that underlie vascular abnormalization in GBM is necessary to develop efficient treatment regimens for normalizing vascular function. By analyzing the RNA-content of laser microdissected vessels from human biobank specimens using affymetrix microarray analysis, we found that the abnormal glioblastoma vessels have a distinct gene expression signature. We found 95 genes which were differentially expressed in grade IV glioma vessels as compared to vessels in low grade tumors and control brain. 78 of which were up-regulated while 17 were down-regulated. Many of these genes are regulated by VEGFA or TGFβ signaling. In addition, we show a significant increase in Smad signaling complexes in the vasculature of human glioblastoma in situ, suggesting that TGFβ signaling may play important role in vessel abnormalization. CD93 is a single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein, which we found to be up-regulated in high grade glioma. Vascular expression of CD93 correlates to tumor grade in human glioma. Moreover, high grade glioma patients with high CD93 expression in the vasculature are associate with poor prognosis. We found that knocking down CD93 in endothelial cells with siRNA clearly impaired endothelial cell adhesion, migration and tube formation due to defects in cytoskeletal rearrangement. In addition, tumor growth was severely delayed in the CD93-/- mice. Pleiotrophin, a multi-functional heparin-binding growth factor, promotes glioma growth in several ways. Here, we identify pleiotrophin as a driver of vascular abnormalization in glioma. We found that high pleiotrophin expression correlates with poor survival of patients with astrocytomas. Pleiotrophin overexpression in orthotopic GL261 gliomas increases microvessel density, enhances tumour growth and decreases survival. Vessels in pleiotrophin-expressing gliomas are poorly perfused and display a high degree of abnormality, coinciding with elevated levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) deposited in direct proximity to the vasculature. In addition to its role in vessel abnormalization, pleiotrophin enhanced PDGF-B-induced gliomagenesis. Taken together, our results indicate that PTN has an important role in glioma initiation and establishment of the characteristic abnormal tumor vasculature in glioblastoma, identifying PTN as a potential target for therapy.
GASNet-EX Performance Improvements Due to Specialization for the Cray Aries Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This document is a deliverable for milestone STPM17-6 of the Exascale Computing Project, delivered by WBS 2.3.1.14. It reports on the improvements in performance observed on Cray XC-series systems due to enhancements made to the GASNet-EX software. These enhancements, known as “specializations”, primarily consist of replacing network-independent implementations of several recently added features with implementations tailored to the Cray Aries network. Performance gains from specialization include (1) Negotiated-Payload Active Messages improve bandwidth of a ping-pong test by up to 14%, (2) Immediate Operations reduce running time of a synthetic benchmark by up to 93%, (3) non-bulk RMA Put bandwidth is increased by up to 32%, (4) Remote Atomic performance is 70% faster than the reference on a point-to-point test and allows a hot-spot test to scale robustly, and (5) non-contiguous RMA interfaces see up to 8.6x speedups for an intra-node benchmark and 26% for inter-node. These improvements are available in the GASNet-EX 2018.3.0 release.
Cartoonization processing for digital photo

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this digital age, people rely on their smart phones or cameras to take pictures. Capturing images and uploading to the social network had been prevailing in recent year. Thus due to this there are increase of image retouching and enhancement applications. Digital art is an art form to create and stylize images. Cartoonization is an art form for image by reduction in image details. This can be done by generating uniform brighter colours and bolder edges to achieve to look cartoon like effects. Furthermore, the image processing techniques used will be region growing segmentation. This report focus on create cartoonization with the Matlab software using basic image processing techniques.
Estimation, calibration, and validation

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

As discussed in Chapter 8, 'good decision analyses depend on both the veracity of the decision model and the validity of the individual data elements.' The validity of each individual data element relies on the comprehensiveness of the literature search for the best and most appropriate study or studies, criteria for selecting the source studies, the design of the study or studies, and methods for synthesizing the data from multiple sources. Nonetheless, Sir Michael David Rawlins avers that 'Decision makers have to incorporate judgements, as part of their appraisal of the evidence, in reaching their conclusions. Such judgements relate to the extent to which each of the components of the evidence base is "fit for purpose." Is it reliable?'(1) Because the integration of a multitude of these 'best available' data elements forms the basis for model results, some individuals refer to decision analyses as black boxes, so this last question applies particularly to the overall model predictions. Consequently, assessing model validity becomes paramount. However, prior to assessing model validity, model construction requires attention to parameter estimation and model calibration. This chapter focuses on parameter estimation, calibration, and validation in the context of Markov and, more generally, state-transition models (Chapter 10) in which recurrent events may occur over an extended period of time. The process of parameter estimation, calibration, and validation is iterative: it involves both adjustment of the data to fit the model and adjustment of the model to fit the data.
The Improved Peer2Me Framework - A flexible framework for mobile collaboration

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This master thesis presents a new and redesigned version of Peer2Me, a framework for developing mobile\ncollaborative applications on mobile phones. The first version of Peer2Me was designed and created by\nCarl-Henrik Wolf Lund and Michael Sars Norum in 2005, which was presented in their master thesis,\nThe Peer2Me Framework, [31]. We evaluated their framework in our depthstudy [5], fall of 2005. The\nevaluation showed that the framework lacked some desired and necessary functionality, had some bugs\nand was a bit hard to use.\nThis thesis also describes the history of Peer2Me along with cental concepts regarding peer-to-peer networking\nin an mobile ad hoc environment. There are a lot of on going and finished projects that can be\nrelated to Peer2Me. We have chosen to investigate the most interesting and relevant projects, which are\npresented in Chapter 11, State of the Art. Since a redesign of the Peer2Me framework was necessary, we\nhave performed a research in the most recognized architectural tactics, design patterns and architectural\npatters.\nBefore embarking on the task of designing the framework, a research in the latest technology was necessary.\nIn our depthstudy [5], we had already performed such a research, so we only had to obtain the\nlatest development in the related areas. Special attention was given to the Bluetooth wireless network\ntechnology.\nAll created packages, classes and interfaces are thoroughly described along with their roles in the framework.\nWe felt that a mere description of the modules was not enough, so we wrote Chapter 16, Design\nDecisions, which discusses the different crossroads we faced with during development, and the path we\nchose.\nTo give the reader an impression of how the framework can be used, we also developed some applications\nthat utilizes the new framework. Lastly we evaluated our work, compared the old and new\nframework, discussed the problems we encountered, answered our research questions and summarized the\nthesis.\nAll source code, javadoc and a functional, new version of Peer2Me are attached along with this report.
Structural characterization by x-ray methods of novel antimicrobial gallium-doped phosphate-based glasses

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Antimicrobial gallium-doped phosphate-based glasses of general composition (P2O5)0.45(CaO)0.16(Na2O)0.39−x(Ga2O3)x (where x=0, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05) have been studied using the advanced synchrotron-based techniques of Ga K-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy and high-energy x-ray diffraction to provide a structural insight into their unique properties. The results show that the Ga3+ ions are octahedrally coordinated. Furthermore, substitution of Na2O by Ga2O3 strengthens the phosphate network structure because the presence of GaO6 octahedra inhibits the migration of the remaining Na+ ions. The results are discussed in terms of the use of Na2O–CaO–P2O5 glasses as controlled-delivery devices for antimicrobial Ga3+ ions in biomedical applications. We are thereby able to relate the atomic-scale environment of the Ga3+ ions beneficially to the glass dissolution, and thus to their ability to disrupt bacterial cell activity by usurping the role of iron.
Clinical observation of Zhengyuan capsule on patients both with coronary heart disease heart failure and impaired glucose regulation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To observe the treatment of coronary heart disease ( CHD) heart failure combined the curative effect of impaired glucose regulation. Methods 62 patients both with coronary heart disease heart failure and impaired glucose regulation were randomly divided into control group and treatment group. Both groups received routine treatment of chronic heart failure,the control group was administered with Acarbose and the treatment group was administered with Zhengyuan capsule above regular treatment. Left ventricular ejection fraction,N-terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide,blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c were compared between pretreatment and post treatment after six months. Results The treatment group had obvious effect in improving heart function than the control group( P 0. 05) . Two groups of blood glucose glycosylated hemoglobin A1c have declined,but there was no significant difference. Conclusion Zhengyuan capsule can regulate blood sugar,improve heart function.