jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The right to free legal assistance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This book includes a complete research about the general notions of the Spanish Procedural System. It is structured in fifteen chapters analyzing the relationship between Procedural Law and social peace, the definition, content and source of Procedural Law, and the diverse methods of conflict resolution: mediation, conciliation, arbitration and jurisdiction. Moreover, the basic concepts of the discipline are also reviewed, namely jurisdiction, action and process, and other fundamental institutions necessary to understand the functioning of the Spanish judicial system, such as the principles of proceedings, the organization of justice system of courts, the conflicts of jurisdiction and competence, the staff in the service of the Courts and Tribunals, the facts and the procedural acts, the legal costs, the right to free legal assistance, and the preparation of the process, without forgetting the voluntary jurisdiction proceedings. Written by Procedural Law Professors at Spanish Universities and reviewed by professional philologists, this book affords an approach to the legal-practical world perfectly combining pedagogical and linguistic rigour.
Content design and validation of a Standard Operating Procedure to provide pharmacotherapy follow-up for the elderly in Cuba

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Incorporating methodological tools that allow uniform and standardized development from the clinical pharmacy services to the Pharmaceutical Care practice, is nowadays a necessity. Considering the importance of pharmaceutical care provision to elderly patients, this manuscript introduces the design and content validation of a standard operating procedure to provide pharmacotherapy follow-up to the elderly in nursing homes in Cuba. The procedure was designed based on a deep analysis of documents relative to experiences focused on holistic care to elderly patients, criteria for the identification and assessment of potentially inappropriate prescriptions and the relationship between functional geriatric evaluation and the use of drugs. The content validation was conducted by a panel of experts, using the Delphi methodology, through two working sessions. In addition, we used Likert-type scale to evaluate the procedure by experts, in line with the indicators described. In general, the criteria issued by the experts were very appropriate and allowed us to modify, add or keep several elements of the instrument for the final version. The findings demonstrated that the instrument can be used at any level of health care.
Introduction of Egg Parasites of the Beet Leafhopper1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Introduction of Egg Parasites of the Beet Leafhopper Get access C. B. Huffaker, C. B. Huffaker Department of Biological Control, University of California, Albany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. K. Holloway, J. K. Holloway Department of Biological Control, University of California, Albany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. L. Doutt, R. L. Doutt Department of Biological Control, University of California, Albany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. L. Finney G. L. Finney Department of Biological Control, University of California, Albany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 47, Issue 5, 1 October 1954, Pages 785–789, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/47.5.785 Published: 01 October 1954
A Note on the Number of Edges Guaranteeing a $C_4$ in Eulerian Bipartite Digraphs

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let $G$ be an Eulerian bipartite digraph with vertex partition sizes $m,n$. We prove the following Turán-type result: If $e(G) > 2mn/3$ then $G$ contains a directed cycle of length at most 4. The result is sharp. We also show that if $e(G)=2mn/3$ and no directed cycle of length at most 4 exists, then $G$ must be biregular. We apply this result in order to obtain an improved upper bound for the diameter of interchange graphs.
Vorkommen von Tobacco Rattle‐Virus in Roggen (Secale cereale) in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Natural occurrence of tobacco rattle virus in rye ( Secale cereale ) in the Federal Republic of Germany Near Bergen/Dumme in northern Germany, in an area known for the occurrence of tobacco rattle virus (TRV) on potatoes, 5–10 % of rye plants of one experimental plot were severely stunted and showed distinct chlorotic mottling of leaves. In these plants TRV was identified on the basis of particle morphology and serology (Immunoelectron microscopy and ELISA). TRV was also detected in Capsella bursa‐pastoris and Stellaria media from an area adjacent to the rye plot but not in nearby commercial rye fields.
A Novel Highly Resilient Nanocomposite Hydrogel with Low Hysteresis and Ultrahigh Elongation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Summary: A series of high clay content Laponite XLS/polyacrylamide (PAAm) nanocomposite hydrogels (S‐M gels) with excellent resilience, low elastic hysteresis, and ultrahigh elongation, have been successfully synthesized. Based on our results, it is concluded that the mechanical properties of nanocomposite hydrogels probably depend to a great extent on the hydrophilicity and flexibility of the macromolecules. Moreover, it is found that the transparency during the in‐situ polymerization of S‐M gels does not change, which is quite different from clay/poly( N ‐isopropylacrylamide) nanocomposite hydrogels. Formation of nanocomposite hydrogels using Clay‐S by in‐situ polymerization. magnified image Formation of nanocomposite hydrogels using Clay‐S by in‐situ polymerization.
International society on thrombosis and haemostasis disseminated intravascular coagulation scoring system: Is it a good prognostic indicator in DIC

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Disseminated intravascular coagulation is an acquired disorder characterized by intravascular activation of coagulation due to variety of causes. There is excessive thrombin formation leading to fibrin deposition in microcirculation and consequent ischemic organ damage. The diagnosis is essentially clinical supported by laboratory parameters and a scoring system based on these. The mainstay of treatment is correction of underlying cause and haemostatic support with replacement of coagulation factors. Aim: To evaluate the use of ISTH DIC scoring system in patients of clinically suspected Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation. Methods: 60 cases were studied over a period of one year. Patients were selected with a clinical suspicion of DIC who are having an underlying predisposing condition. Clinical signs and symptoms were recorded. Routine investigations and the tests necessary to calculate the ISTH score i.e. platelet count, Prothrombin time; D-dimer and Fibrinogen were done. The scoring criteria of ISTH were applied in these cases. Chi square and Fisher’s exact tests were used for analysis of the data. Results: The commonest cause of the underlying disorder in our study was found to be Sepsis (66.7%) followed by trauma (10%), obstetric causes (8.3%) and solid malignancy (6.7%). There was a significant association of ISTH score with outcome of the patients (P value <0.05). Raised APTT and presence of schistocytes also had a significant association with a high ISTH score. Conclusion: ISTH DIC scoring criteria more precisely define clinical and laboratory parameters of DIC. Its clinical utility will improve the timely diagnosis, prediction of severity and will also aid in improving prognosis of DIC patients.
On multiparty games for pointer jumping

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We consider the multiparty communication complexity of the pointer jumping function Jump_k&quot;n. Our main results are matching upper and lower bounds of order #THETA#(n log&quot;(&quot;k&quot;-&quot;1&quot;)n) for the strong one-way k-party communication complexity of Jump_k&quot;n. The function itself is important since it simulates many natural occurring functions (e.g. shifting, multiplication of binary numbers, convolution, etc.) but no non-trivial lower bounds on its one-way communication complexity are known even for the case of k = 4 players. Our lower bound establishes an exponential gap between the strong one-way and general multiparty communication complexity. Such a gap was previously known between oblivious and one-way models. Best previous upper bound for Jump_k&quot;n was O (n log log n). The work is motivated by an approach suggested by the results of Yao (1990) and Haastad and Goldmann (1991) to prove lower bounds for ACC circuits, as well as by the results of Valiant (1977) and Nisan and Wigderson (1993) to prove super-linear lower bounds for logarithmic depth circuits. (orig.)
Determinants of Adolescent Health Service Use Evidence from X Community Health Center in Semarang City

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: “X” Community Health Center provides adolescent health services, including counseling, information, education, and an integrated adolescent health post. However, adolescent participation in this program remains very low, at only approximately 1.57%. The purpose of this study was to analyze the determinants of adolescent health service utilization in a Community Health Center working area.Methods: Cross-sectional quantitative research was carried out in the “X“ Community Health Center working area between November 2024 and February 2025. One hundred and two participants constituted the research sample, and the sample division employed clustered random sampling and the accidental sampling technique to obtain data. Data analysis was performed using the chi-squared test and Andersen's health service utilization theory.Results: In total, 54.9% of the adolescents did not optimally utilize health services. The determinants of adolescent health services were gender (p=0.025), knowledge (p=0.031), attitude (p=0.000), peer support (p=0.000), support from health workers (p=0.000), and access to information (p=0.000).Conclusion: Female, who had good knowledge, had peer and health workers’ support, and good access of information tended to use adolescent health services. Forming peer mentors to increase adolescent motivation, using educational media, and organizing interesting service programs, as well as disseminating information through “X“ Health Center social media
Oryza barthii A. Chev. IRGC 106236

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Oryza barthii A. Chev.
Common name(s): Rice
Conserved by: International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Philippines
Local sample unique identifier: IRGC 106236
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1988-01-01
Other identifiers: n/a,316745
Historical: No
Biological status: Wild
MLS status: Art. 15 collection
Local agreements as a process: the example of local talks in Homs in Syria

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article sets out why it is important to conceptualise local agreements as a process of talks that have a value in their own right rather than as a discrete event reached on a particular date. Throughout this process the terms of intermittently negotiated agreements are continuously shaped by two competing logics, the logic of violence and peace. Based on detailed empirical evidence covering six years of local talks in the city of Homs and its Al-Waer suburb, the article shows that even if an agreement is not reached, the mere process of local talks could lead to a steep reduction in the level of violence, fatalities and an improvement in the standard of living at a time when talks at higher level fail to deliver such results. The article also challenges the main methods of gathering empirical evidence about local peace agreements and discussed potential policy implications.
Legal Effect of Private Remedies for Wildlife Damages

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As China’s ecological protection has increased, the number of wildlife populations has increased, and human-animal conflicts in areas where the ecological niches of humans and wildlife overlap have intensified. Private remedies for wildlife damage are that the subject who suffers from wildlife damage or is threatened by wildlife damage and relies on private power to take measures to safeguard his or her rights and interests. The legal effect of the private remedy for wildlife damage is reflected in the local government’s obligation to compensate and prevent, the procuratorate’s obligation to supervise the government’s administration and initiate administrative public interest litigation, as well as the obligation to file lawsuits against the subject of private remedies, the court’s obligation to conduct a reasonable trial, and the criminal liability or civil liability of the subject of private remedies.
Genomic Advances in Biofortification of Iron and Zinc in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Majority of population that depend on wheat are found to be deficient in iron and zinc. About 20% of calories worldwide are derived from wheat. Milling of wheat reduces the bioavaibility of Fe and Zn in wheat grains. Micronutrient deficiency is the main cause of malnutrition worldwide and hidden hunger in underdeveloped countries. To overcome this problem it becomes necessary to develop varieties that are rich in iron and zinc content. Biofortification gets around these issues by enhancing the micronutrient content of wheat. The genetic approaches of biofortification particularly the non-conventional methods have proved to be the most efficient ones. These method includes QTL mapping approach, GWAS and transgenics. Although conventional methods for a long time has been used for developing varieties of wheat rich in Fe and Zn but conventional breeding for certain traits may be inconvenient and time-consuming and are prone to errors due to their reliance on traditional phenotyping or visual assessments. Several research have been undertaken to map QTLs of Fe and Zn concentration in wheat grains and have been used in elite genetic backgrounds to improve micronutrient content. Genomic studies revealed through GWAS exhibit high QTL resolution and allele coverage, which can be used for improvement of Fe and Zn content in wheat. Genetic engineering techniques or transgenics approaches allows genetic alteration of crops to improve the nutritional quality of wheat. Genomic approach of biofortification of wheat has proved to be the most efficient methods for increasing iron and zinc content in the crop.
The impact of perioperative blood transfusion on survival after nephrectomy for non‐metastatic renal cell carcinoma ( RCC )

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To evaluate the association of perioperative blood transfusion ( PBT ) with survival after nephrectomy. Patients and Methods We identified 2318 patients who underwent partial or radical nephrectomy at M ayo C linic between 1990 and 2006. PBT was defined as transfusion of allogenic red blood cells during surgery or postoperative hospitalisation. Survival was estimated using the K aplan– M eier method and compared with the log‐rank test. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the association of PBT with outcome. Results In all, 498 patients (21%) received a PBT . The median (interquartile range) number of units transfused was 3 (2, 5). Patients receiving a PBT were significantly older at surgery ( P < 0.001), more likely to be female ( P < 0.001), with more frequent symptomatic presentation ( P < 0.001), worse E astern C ooperative O ncology G roup performance status ( P < 0.001), and more frequent adverse pathological features, such as high nuclear grade ( P < 0.001), locally‐advanced tumour stage ( P < 0.001) and lymph node invasion ( P < 0.001). The median follow‐up was 9.1 years. Receipt of a PBT was associated with adverse 5‐year cancer‐specific (68% vs 92%; P < 0.001) and overall (56% vs 82%; P < 0.001) survival. On multivariate analyses, PBT remained associated with higher risk of death from any cause (hazard ratio [ HR ] 1.23; P = 0.02). Among patients who received a PBT , an increasing number of units transfused was independently associated with increased all‐cause mortality ( HR 1.08; P = 0.001). Conclusion PBT is associated with a significantly increased risk of mortality after nephrectomy. While external validation is needed, continued efforts to minimise the use of blood products in these patients are warranted.
Using the Artificial Intelligence Based Compressed SENSE Technology in Acute Cerebral Infarction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

MRI has advantages in detecting acute ischemia and describing the core volume of the infarct without radiation, but the long scanning time affects clinical use. Compressed sense combined with artificial intelligence (CS-AI) technology accelerates the acquisition of imaging. This study aims to use the CS-AI technique to accelerate common sequences of Acute cerebral infarction and investigate the effect of different acceleration factors on image quality and diagnosis. The results show that CS-AI reconstruction scans reduce scanning time while maintaining image quality compared to conventional SENSE.
Financial Structure of Cash Waqf الهيكلة المالية للوقف النقدي

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The waqf has witnessed an evolution in concepts and types where the latest one is the cash waqf which is as important as the property waqf. The cash waqf has been permitted by Islamic Fiqh Academy in 2004. The most important characteristics of cash waqf are the liquidity and the diversity of its fund collect instruments. This fund collect should be allocated to investment and direct awqaf. In this context, the aim of this paper is firstly to identify the optimal financial structure of cash waqf and secondly to know the position of cash waqf in financing policy of waqf institution. This paper discusses the optimal structure of cash waqf through theses interrogations: how to identify and select the instruments of fund collect as well as cash waqf resources combination and what is the relationship of the cash waqf with Islamic financing and the impact of all these elements on the perpetuity of Awqaf and the maintain of their value away from deficiencies and risks. We have reached some interesting results related to the importance of cash waqf through its central role in promoting the donator participation, the diversification of fund collects instruments. The paper highlighted also the necessity of efficient structure of cash waqf to better allocate the funds to investment by taking into consideration the temporary impact on the level of risk and liquidity, repayment of debt, term investment and the cost of bank financing. Consequently, some recommendations are required including the promotion and the development of cash waqf, the development of financial structure of cash waqf in order to success the investment process and finally take benefit of Islamic banking experience in financing and investment and its application in waqf. شهد مجال الأوقاف تطورًا في المفاهيم والأنواع كان من أهمها وقف النقود الذي لا يقل أهمية عن وقف الأعيان وقد أجازه مجمع الفقه الإسلامي سنة 2004. ومن أهم خصائص وقف النقود المشاركة الجماعية والسيولة وتنوع صيغ تعبئة الأموال لتوظيفها في الأوقاف الاستثمارية والمباشرة. في هذا الإطار يهدف هذا البحث أولا إلى التعرف على الإطار المالي للوقف النقدي وثانيًا إلى معرفة مكانة وقف النقود في السياسة المالية لمؤسسة الوقف. وقد جاء البحث كمحاولة جادة لاستكشاف الهيكلة المالية المثلى للوقف النقدي وذلك، من خلال التساؤل عن كيفية تحديد واختيار وسائل تجميع الأموال وكذلك تركيبة موارد الوقف النقدي المؤبد والمؤقت، وعلاقة الوقف النقدي بالتمويل الإسلامي وأثر ذلك على استمرارية الأوقاف والمحافظة على قيمتها من النقص والمخاطر. توصل البحث إلى إبراز أهمية وقف النقود من خلال دوره المحوري في تعزيز المشاركة الجماعية وتنويع أدوات تجميع النقود. كذلك أبرز البحث وجوب فعالية هيكلة الوقف النقدي من أجل حسن توظيف الأموال وذلك من خلال الأخذ بعين الاعتبار تأثير التأقيت على المخاطر ومستوى السيولة وكذلك سداد الديون والمدى الاستثماري وكلفة التمويل المصرفي. بناءً عليه يقدم هذا البحث جملة من التوصيات أهمها ابتكار صيغ جديدة لتعبئة النقود الوقفية وكذلك اختيار الهيكلة المالية المثلى من خلال زيادة وتنويع الموارد النقدية خاصة المؤبدة وأخيرًا الاستفادة من خبرة المصارف الإسلامية في التمويل وتوظيفها في مجال الوقف.
ESG Indicators as Organizational Performance Goals: Do Rating Agencies Encourage a Holistic Approach?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Offering environmental, social, and governance (ESG) assessment and certification can invite organizations to adapt their activities to accommodate environmental, social, and governance concerns. Prior research points to shortcomings in accurately monitoring and assessing organizational sustainability performance. This contribution aims to highlight the role of ESG indicators as motivating organizations to prioritize sustainability goals. Theory and research elucidate that the definition of specific goals guides the degree of effort organizations invest, the priorities they set, and the persistence they display in pursuing targeted outcomes. The extent to which performance assessments of rating agencies specify and integrate ESG concerns thus impacts the likelihood that organizations will address each of these sustainability targets. The likely impact of ESG indicators was examined by consulting ratings, rankings, and indexes from 130 rating agencies included in the Reporting Exchange Platform. We identified and categorized 237 unique indicators in over 600 corporate ESG indicators. Results reveal that themes covered are less well specified in the governance domain than in the environmental and social domain. Further, different dimensions are emphasized depending on which stakeholder is addressed (investors, consumers, companies). Taken together, we conclude that this makes it more difficult for organizations to adopt a holistic approach to the achievement of sustainability goals.
Leading Edge Review Stem Cells, the Molecular Circuitry of Pluripotency and Nuclear Reprogramming

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Reprogramming of somatic cells to a pluripotent embryonic stem cell-like state has been achieved by nuclear transplantation of a somatic nucleus into an enucleated egg and most recently by introducing defined transcription factors into somatic cells. Nuclear reprogramming is of great medical interest, as it has the potential to generate a source of patient-specific cells. Here, we review strategies to reprogram somatic cells to a pluripotent embryonic state and discuss our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of reprogramming based on recent insights into the regulatory circuitry of the pluripotent state.