jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hysteretic dipolar and quadrupolar properties of the spin-1 Blume–Emery–Griffiths model under pair approximation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

As a continuation of previously published work [A. Erdinç and M. Keskin, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 18, 1603 (2004), doi:10.1142/S0217979204024823] the hysteretic properties of magnetization ([Formula: see text]) and quadrupolar moment ([Formula: see text] have been investigated for the spin-1 Blume–Emery–Griffiths model using pair approximation. The magnetic field ([Formula: see text]) dependence of [Formula: see text] is produced for different values of the lattice coordination number ([Formula: see text]), biquadratic interaction ([Formula: see text]) and single-ion anisotropy ([Formula: see text]). The ([Formula: see text]) loops show different and novelty properties when [Formula: see text]. We also observed the hysteresis cycles in the ([Formula: see text], ([Formula: see text] and ([Formula: see text]) planes. These curves strongly depend on biquadratic interaction [Formula: see text]. Our results are found to be in good agreement with the other theoretical findings.
The Construction of Nationhood

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Construction of Nationhood, first published in 1997, is a thorough re-analysis of both nationalism and nations. In particular it challenges the current 'modernist' orthodoxies of such writers as Eric Hobsbawm, Benedict Anderson and Ernest Gellner, and it offers a systematic critique of Hobsbawm's best-selling Nations and Nationalism since 1780. In opposition to a historiography which limits nations and nationalism to the eighteenth century and after, as an aspect of 'modernisation', Professor Hastings argues for a medieval origin to both, dependent upon biblical religion and the development of vernacular literatures. While theorists of nationhood have paid mostly scant attention to England, the development of the nation-state is seen here as central to the subject, but the analysis is carried forward to embrace many other examples, including Ireland, the South Slavs and modern Africa, before concluding with an overview of the impact of religion, contrasting Islam with Christianity, while evaluating the ability of each to support supra-national political communities.
POM of 2326 archetypes in Maven central repository

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This dataset contains pom.xml files of 2326 archetypes in Maven central repository. The format of file name of each pom.xml is "<groupId>=<artifactId>=<version>=<orginal file name>", where "." in groupId is replace as "=". For example, the file name "am=ik=archetype=spring-boot-blank-archetype=0.9.0=spring-boot-blank-archetype-0.9.0.pom" represents: groupId: am.ik.archetype artifactId: spring-boot-blank-archetype version: 0.9.0 pom.xml original filename: spring-boot-blank-archetype-0.9.0.pom
The complete chloroplast genome sequences of three Broussonetia species and comparative analysis within the Moraceae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Background Species of Broussonetia (family Moraceae) are commonly used to make textiles and high-grade paper. The distribution of Broussonetia papyrifera L. is considered to be related to the spread and location of humans. The complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of B. papyrifera , Broussonetia kazinoki Sieb., and Broussonetia kaempferi Sieb. were analyzed to better understand the status and evolutionary biology of the genus Broussonetia . Methods The cp genomes were assembled and characterized using SOAPdenovo2 and DOGMA. Phylogenetic and molecular dating analysis were performed using the concatenated nucleotide sequences of 35 species in the Moraceae family and were based on 66 protein-coding genes (PCGs). An analysis of the sequence divergence (pi) of each PCG among the 35 cp genomes was conducted using DnaSP v6. Codon usage indices were calculated using the CodonW program. Results All three cp genomes had the typical land plant quadripartite structure, ranging in size from 160,239 bp to 160,841 bp. The ribosomal protein L22 gene ( RPL22 ) was either incomplete or missing in all three Broussonetia species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two clades. Clade 1 included Morus and Artocarpus , whereas clade 2 included the other seven genera. Malaisia scandens Lour. was clustered within the genus Broussonetia . The differentiation of Broussonetia was estimated to have taken place 26 million years ago. The PCGs’ pi values ranged from 0.0005 to 0.0419, indicating small differences within the Moraceae family. The distribution of most of the genes in the effective number of codons plot (ENc-plot) fell on or near the trend line; the slopes of the trend line of neutrality plots were within the range of 0.0363–0.171. These results will facilitate the identification, taxonomy, and utilization of the Broussonetia species and further the evolutionary studies of the Moraceae family.
Exosomes from human colorectal cancer induce a tumor-like behavior in colonic mesenchymal stromal cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

CRC exosomes are able to induce morphological and functional changes in colonic MSCs, which may favour tumor growth and its malignant progression. Our results suggest that exosomes are actively involved in cancer progression and that inhibiting tumor exosome release may represent a way to interfere with cancer.
Spoken language comprehension: insights from eye movements

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Recently, eye movements have become a widely used response measure for studying spoken language processing in both adults and children, in situations where participants comprehend and generate utterances about a circumscribed “Visual World” while fixation is monitored, typically using a free-view eye-tracker. Psycholinguists now use the Visual World eye-movement method to study both language production and language comprehension, in studies that run the gamut of current topics in language processing. Eye movements are a response measure of choice for addressing many classic questions about spoken language processing in psycholinguistics. This article reviews the burgeoning Visual World literature on language comprehension, highlighting some of the seminal studies and examining how the Visual World approach has contributed new insights to our understanding of spoken word recognition, parsing, reference resolution, and interactive conversation. It considers some of the methodological issues that come to the fore when psycholinguists use eye movements to examine spoken language comprehension.
Influence of photodetector response time on operation of monostatic and bistatic airborne meters of turbulence

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the basic theoretical equations needed for the measurement of turbulence characteristics from observations of the jitter of astronomic images from onboard a flying aircraft. The method allows us to record the integral turbulence intensity (integral of the structure characteristic of refractive index fluctuations C2n along the optical path). The variance of the jitter of astronomic images is a measured characteristic. This characteristic is thoroughly studied and stable to measurement errors. Two optical detectors: monostatic and bistatic differential ones, were used as recording devices.
God’s Country: The Mythic West Revisited

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

God's Country (1994) is narrated by Curt Marder, a white cowboy whose wife, Sadie, has been kidnapped —presumably by Indians. Curt decides to hire a black scout, Bubba, to guide him through the Wild West, hoping to find Sadie. The relationship between boss and former slave is reversed as Curt turns out to be a mean simpleton, and Bubba a genuine hero in an anti-western that resorts to mock epic mechanisms to develop into a sustained satire of white Americans. Custer's army consorts with uncouth, violent and racist drunks. The book, a take-off of the mythic West plays with words and discrepant situations, moves from hyperbole to understatement and uses parody and stereotypes to achieve a devastating comedy.
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OFDACRYODES EDULIS(G. DON) H.J. LAM BY MARCOTS, CUTTINGS AND MICROPROPAGATION

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Air layering (or marcotting) of ‘safou’ (Dacryodes edulis) is most successful with large diameter, horizontal branches with thick bark. However, rooting remains slow and severance is only possible five months after setting the marcots. Application of growth regulators helps to accelerate rooting and reduces the severance period from five to three months. The best results were obtained with IBA. The most effective rooting medium for D. edulis juvenile leafy stem cuttings was found to be sawdust or a sand/sawdust mixture, but no significant effect of hormonal stimulation on rooting was recorded. A technique for disinfecting mature plant material of D. edulis for in vitro propagation is reported. The reputation of D. edulis as a species that is difficult to propagate vegetatively is incorrect. This has important implications for the domestication of the species. RESUME Un rameau horizontal à écorce épaisse et de grand diamètre présente les caractéristiques favorables pour le marcottage aérien chez le safoutier (Dacryodes edulis). Cependant la formation des racines reste lente et le sevrage n'intervient qu'à partir du cinquième mois. L'emploi des régulateurs de croissance a permis d'accélérer l'enracinement et de réduire le délai de sevrage à trois mois. Les meilleurs résultats ont été obtenues avec l'AIB. La sciure et le mélange sable/sciure se revèlent être les meilleurs substrats pour le bouturage sous châssis de propagation du matériel juvénile de D. edulis. L'effet de la stimulation hormonale sur l'enracinement des boutures n'a pas été significative. Une technique pour la désinfection du matériel mûr de D. edulis pour la culture in vitro est rapportée. La réputation d'être difficile à multiplier par voie végétative attribuée à D. edulis est incorrecte. Ceci a des implications importantes pour la domestication de l'espèce. Key words: Dacryodes edulis SafouDomesticationair layering in vitro culturegrowth regulatorssubstrateMots clés: Dacryodes edulis Safoutierdomesticationmarcottage aérienbouturageculture in vitro régulateurs de croissancesubstrat
Corrosion resistance of rolled and rerolled super martensitic steel in media containing chlorides and hydrogen sulfide

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In the oil and gas industry, super matensitic steels have been used primarily in the manufacture of seamless steel pipe for use in drilling oil and gas. The objective of this work is to evaluate the corrosion resistance of rolled and rerolled super martensitic steels in electrolytes of aqueous solution of NaCl 35 g/L, and aqueous solution of NaCl 120 g/L, sodium acetate 0.4 g/L, with pH 4.5 (standard solution), saturated and unsaturated with H2S, simulating the service conditions of petroleum industry in the pre-salt operation. For this evaluation, the electrochemical tests used are electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic polarization test. The characterization techniques used are optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The effect of H2S saturation of the solutions studied on the corrosion resistance of steels was detrimental. The super martensitic steel in the rerolled condition showed a higher corrosion resistance than the rolled steel in an aqueous solution of 35 g/L NaCl and in a standard solution saturated with H2S. In the 35 g/L NaCl aqueous solution saturated with H2S and in the standard solution, the rolled steel showed a higher corrosion resistance than the rerolled steel. In an aqueous solution of 35 g/L NaCl, the rolled and rerolled steels showed pitting diameter of 140μm and 100μm, respectively.
Geoffrey Parker, The military revolution. Military innovation and the rise of the West, 1500-1800. Cambridge University Press, 1988

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Aubin Jean. Geoffrey Parker, The military revolution. Military innovation and the rise of the West, 1500-1800. Cambridge University Press, 1988. In: Bulletin critique des annales islamologiques, n°6, 1989. pp. 153-155.
Lack of effect of methylprednisolone on lysosomal and microsomal enzymes after two hours of well-defined canine myocardial ischemia.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Myocardial ischemia was produced for 2 hours by coronary ligation in 11 dogs pretreated with methylprednisolone (MP, 30 mg/kg). Myocardial blood flow (MBF) was measured with microspheres (15 micrometer) in each tissue sample used for enzymatic analysis. Homogenates of these tissue samples were separated by ultracentrifugation into lysosome-rich and microsomal fractions and were analyzed for N-acetyl-beta-glusosaminidase (NAGA), beta-glucuronidase (beta-gluc), rotenone-insensitive-NADH-cytochrome c reductase (RINCR), and cytochrome oxidase. The enzymatic data from centrifugal fractions were grouped according to MBF values for statistical analysis of inter-group effects of ischemia. Significant losses (P less than 0.001) of NAGA and beta-gluc were seen in all MP-treated lysosome-rich particulate fractions that were isolated from zones demonstrating MBF values less than 25% of control (L-ischemia). Similar significant losses (P less than 0.001) of RINCR were seen in microsomal fractions from L-ischemia zones. Samples with MBF values greater than 25% but less than 75% of control (M-ischemia) also demonstrated significant decreases of lysosomal and microsomal enzymatic activity in specific fractions. When the data of the above MP-treated group were compared with the untreated control group, no significant intergroup effects of treatment with MP were observed. In addition, enzymatic data (NAGA, RINCR) were normalized prior to performing linear regression analyses; percent loss of particulate enzymatic activity was plotted against percent decrease in MBF. The effects of 2 hours of ischemia on the above biochemical parameters were comparable between untreated and MP-treated groups. Finally, when myocardial samples were grouped according to similar levels of MBF, statistical analysis using the general linear models procedure revealed no beneficial effect of MP treatment on changes in lysosomal hydrolases, microsomal RINCR, or latency of lysosomes.
加入WTO对中国保险业的影响 = Impacts of China's accession to WTO on its insurance industry

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Economics of China joined the whole world since it became a member of WTO after struggles for sixteen years. For insurance of China, which is facing the opening of market of insurance, it is an urgent and important problem to exactly grasp the opportunities, and impersonally analyze the challenges and chances from joining WTO.
Visual search for safety colors under low illuminance conditions

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract: This study aims to examine the search efficiency under low illuminance conditions for three safety colors; red, orange and yellow, which are used for danger and caution signs. They are subjected to a visual search task. Images of visual stimuli consisting of an array of colored circles placed on a large visual field (a visual angle of 40 deg.) were displayed on an 80-inch screen through a projector. Illuminance conditions were controlled by decreasing luminous intensity from the light source of the projector using neutral density filters. Three illuminance conditions were set with a linear regression equation corresponding to the luminance of color chips for safety colors and surrounding illuminance in the twilight conditions. Reaction time was measured as functions of the target color, the number of distractors and the illuminance condition. The results showed that the search efficiency for orange decreased with increasing the number of distractors under different illuminance conditions, whereas that of red and yellow scarcely decreased. As illuminance lowers, searching for orange became more difficult than for red and yellow. Consequently, it is implied that as surrounding illuminance lowers in the twilight, orange becomes harder to search compared with red and yellow.
Latvian nationalist ideas and intellectuals 19th century-1939

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research studies small and young nation nationalisms that emerged from the breakdown of imperial states after WWI. The focus is on political philosophies that are generated by the nationalist-oriented intellectuals. It is asked here if small nation nationalist ideas are different from those of large nations and to what extent nationalist conceptions are due to intellectuals' political position and ideals. The evidence was collected from the nationalist writing of Latvian intellectuals from around 1860 until 1939. It was concluded that the prevalence of certain themes in Latvian nationalist philosophy was due to the nationalist intellectuals' notions of perfect national existence and their attitude toward and involvement in the political process. The results also showed that Latvian nationalist ideas differed from those of large nation nationalisms. Most importantly, small nation nationalist philosophies turned out to be particularly flexible and able to borrow ideas from other political contexts as well as adapt to changing political reality.
Evaluation of Experiences and Perceptions of Family Physicians on Continuing Medical Education and the Effect on Daily Clinical Practice

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: To increase, develop or maintain the knowledge and skills; to update the medical approaches necessary for providing an effective healthcare service are aimed through continuing medical education(CME) activities.In this study,we evaluated the factors influencing attendance to CME activities along with the experiences in CME and perceptions of family physicians about the effect of CME on their routine clinical practice. Methods:A questionnaire developed by the researchers was implemented to family physicians during 3 Family Medicine CME activities held in consecutive 6 months.The questionnaire composed of multiple-choice,open-ended,Likert-type questions about sociodemographic characteristics, professional experience concerning CME. An index about perceptions of participants about the effect of CME activities on their daily clinical practice was developed and a score ≥ 20 points was considered as “positive index score”. Results: A total of 247 family physicians, consisting of 112 family medicine residents, 106 specialists and 29 general practitioners,participated in the study.The most frequently mentioned barriers to participate in CME activities were economic reasons and time constraints.Residents stated that CME was useful in the recognition of new medications (p=0.006).General practitioners reported that CME had more impact in early diagnosis and treatment(p=0.0001). There was no difference between the reports of all groups on effects of CME on chronic disease follow-up(p=0.078).Participants who had scores ≥20,which revealed a positive perception on the impact of CME activities on their daily clinical practice were 71%. Conclusions: Our study participant pyhsicians think that scientific activities and meetings improve their daily clinical practice. Time constraint and economic reasons were reported highly as barriers for attendance to CME. “Perceived impact of CME activities on daily clinical practice index” may be used for evaluation in different groups of participants and meetings with variable themes.
İsim mi, fiil mi, bilişimsel olarak basit olan mı önce edinlir? ; edinim sırasını çözümlemek için öncü bir çalışma.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The primary accounts for early lexical differences can be broken down into two distinct theoretical positions that either defend early noun acquisition or provide evidence that challenges this account. This work is trying to bring a computational perspective to the problem of early lexical acquisition of words. It is a preliminary investigation to see if the underlying mechanism relates to computational complexity by which short, frequent and unambiguous words are supposed to be acquired first; and long, ambiguous or infrequent words (including nouns) are predicted not to be acquired early. Our database consists a longitudinal data of three Turkish children between 8 months and 36 months. We conducted three analyses to test this; (1) in frequency analysis, we compared the type token ratios and the number of types and tokens of nouns and verbs in both child directed speech and child speech; (2) in ambiguity analysis, we examined the role of social and attentional cues on word learning; and (3) in phonological analysis, we measured the effect of word length on learning of words. Results revealed that most frequent words did not prove any noun predominance; in place of this, the usage rates of verbs was close to nouns and sometimes much more than that. Furthermore, caretakers did not have any bias to nouns or object names on the contrary there was a preference to verbs at some parts. The high rate of verbs in child speech also challenged the noun-first view. Ambiguity analysis showed that social and attentional cues in the natural language’s context were important factors for word learning. v Therefore, disambiguated words in the context were the most frequent words in child speech. Phonological complexity analysis indicated that word length affected the infant’s ability of word learning. Thus, short words were more advantageous when compared to long words.
Digital Oceans and Algorithmic Castaways

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract As a result of the digital revolution, legal complexities have increased for Internet users. With an opaque and dispersed world network, users are often bound to sovereignties and laws they are unaware of. The author explores how Internet corporations are redefining geopolitics. Through two artworks, this statement reframes the novel Robinson Crusoe within the context of current technologies. The author proposes the castaway as a framework for users’ political position in relation to Internet infrastructure.
T11: a new protein marker on activated murine T lymphocytes.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Murine lymphocytes were activated in vitro in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) or by the addition of the mitogens concanavalin A (Con A), phytohemagglutinin (PHA), or E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Activated lymphocytes were internally labeled with 35S-methionine and then disrupted by hypotonic lysis. A plasma membrane-enriched fraction was isolated from each cell population, and the 35S-labeled proteins in this fraction were examined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). An intensely labeled band, the position of which indicated an apparent m.w. of 11,000, was observed when plasma membrane-enriched fractions from MLC- and Con A-activated cells were subjected to SDS-PAGE. In contrast, plasma membrane-enriched fractions from normal spleen cells, LPS-activated cells, PHA-activated cells, and EL4, RDM4, and P815 tumor cells possessed little or none of this protein, which we have designated T11. T11 was not found in the soluble cytoplasmic protein from MLC-activated cells. Hence the presence of T11 in the plasma membrane-enriched fraction from these cells cannot be attributed to contamination by cytoplasmic protein. Removal of T cells from populations of MLC-activated cells by treatment with monoclonal anti-Thy 1 and complement removed T11. These results suggest that T11 may represent a new protein marker on a subclass of activated T lymphocytes.