jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Alkaloids of Thalictrum. 28. The structure of thalibrunine, a reinvestigation and revision

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkaloids of Thalictrum. 28. The structure of thalibrunine, a reinvestigation and revisionJinn Wu, Jack L. Beal, and Raymond W. DoskotchCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 2, 208–212Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01290a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01290a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views171Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Place in the GIScience Community – an Indicative and Preliminary Systematic Literature Review

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The concept of place has recently gained importance in geographical information science (GIScience). One reason for this is the emergence of user-generated geographic information, which partially represents subjective everyday geographical encounters. No consensus, however, on how to deal with place in GIScience has yet been reached. This paper presents a systematic literature review providing an overview of how parts of the GIScience community currently use the concept of place as it is understood in human geography. The results suggest that most place related GIScience scholars refer to the humanistic tradition of geography focusing on the essence of experiences of place. Further, it is found that geotagged data published online are a major driver of place-based research, whereas scientific data (e.g., surveys) are less commonly found in respective papers. Many researchers make use of exploratory approaches, which may reflect the early stage at which place-based GIScience research still sits. We also identify a difference between the approach core members of GIScience take and those working on the edge of the field. Thereby, the former often work more conceptually than the latter. The results of this preliminary review inform the current GIScience discourse on place by important evidence about the intellectual standpoints of GIScience scholars, thus fostering future research into place.
Comparison of Personal Profile and Risk Factors between Patients with Ischaemic and Haemorrhagic Stroke

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Stroke is the third leading cause of death in adult population throughout the world and is the most common cause of severe adult physical disability. It is increasing at an alarming rate in Asia including Bangladesh. The assessment of the frequency of development of various types of complications of stroke is important for proper management after acute stroke and its primary and secondary prevention. The aims of the study were to observe the complications in patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.A cross sectional observational study was conducted from September 2015 to April 2017 in the department of Neurology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka. All the patients of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke confirmed by neuroimaging (CT scan of head/ MRI of brain), meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study.Our study was performed with eighty stroke patients. Among them sixty five were ischemic and fifteen were hemorrhagic stroke patients. Present study showed that maximum stroke patients were more than 50 years of age. Mean age of the study population was 59.28 ± 13.98 years and 60.07 ± 17.29 years in ischaemic stroke patients and haemorrhagic stroke patients respectively. Stroke incidence rate is 1.25 times greater in men than women. University Heart Journal Vol. 15, No. 2, Jul 2019; 42-46
[Objective observation on phenomena of sensation along channels (PSC) and QI reaching to affects area (QIRA)--the influence of acupuncture points on infrared thermal image of face].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Thirty three patients and nine volunteers were observed. 18 out of 33 patients felt PSC and Qi reaching to face induced by needle points. The QiRA rate was 80% in patients with face diseases. During acupuncture "Hegu" (LI 4) points, most of the patients felt PSC reaching to their faces and sensed heat in face. The infrared thermal image demonstrated that the temperature of face skin increase and the hyperthermal areas coincided basically with the pathway of "Yangming" channels. Those effects were more than the effects of the other objects who didn't feel PSC or sensed Qi reaching to face induced by needle "Hegu" (LI 4) or "Daling" (P 7) Points. The difference between the two groups was statistical significant. The temperature rising responses induced by needle points were not the results of natural fluctuation. The above results indicate that the PSC and QiRA is objective existence.
Nanotoxicological Evaluation in Freshwater Organisms

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Engineered nanomaterials are increasingly being developed for and incorporated into a myriad of commercial, consumer, and industrial applications due to their unique and tailorable properties. Widespread production and expanding use of nanomaterials imply that they will enter aquatic environments through accidental (e.g., down-the-drain disposal of nanomaterial-containing consumer products) or intentional (e.g., controlled release of nanoformulations for groundwater remediation efforts) anthropogenic release and thus have the potential to interact with and adversely affect freshwater organisms (e.g., fish). Here, we highlight some of the key aspects of nanotoxicological evaluation in freshwater organisms including factors that modulate the transport, transformation, fate, and toxicity of nanomaterials in the environment and their ensuing interactions with biological systems. Moreover, we present our recommendations for future nanotoxicity assessments and discuss some of the method- and regulatory-related challenges facing nanotoxicologists, risk assessors, and regulators that seek to minimize and predict the potential risk associated with nanomaterials when they are inadvertently or intentionally released into the environment. Then, we provide an exclusive toxicological assessment of several carbon-based and metal oxide nanomaterials and describe some commonly used aquatic animal model systems. Finally, we discuss our outlook toward the exciting and ever-growing field of nanotoxicology.
Effect of Huangqin Tang on Colonic Gene Expression in Rats with Ulcerative Colitis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In this study, we explored the pharmacological mechanisms of Huangqin Tang (HQT; a traditional Chinese medicine formula) in ulcerative colitis (UC) and provided evidence for potential roles HQT plays by gene expression profiling. The UC rat model was made via a compound method (trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid plus ethanol). After a ten-day treatment, microarray analysis was performed from the colon segment of the rats. Biological functions and specific signaling pathways were enriched based on differentially expressed genes (DEG), and corresponding gene networks were constructed via Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Through the network, we screened the potential “candidate targets,” such as ITGB1, FN1, CASP3, and ITGA5 and FABP1, ABCB1, FABP2, and SLC51B. These potential candidate targets were functionally related to immune responses, inflammation, and metabolism. Moreover, HQT significantly decreased serum levels of proinflammatory factors nitrogen monoxide (NO), proinflammatory cytokines interleukin- (IL-) 17, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The degree of HE staining of colonic tissue was severe in the model group but reduced significantly in the HQT group. HQT exhibited protective effects against colon damage by inhibiting the inflammatory response.
Integrated Maximum Flow Algorithm for Optimal Response Time Retrieval of Replicated Data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Efficient retrieval of replicated data from multiple disks is a challenging problem. Traditional retrieval techniques assume that replication is done at a single site using homogeneous disk arrays having no initial load or network delay. Recently, generalized retrieval algorithms are proposed to cover heterogeneous disk arrays, initial loads, and network delays. Generalized retrieval algorithms achieve the optimal response time retrieval schedule by performing multiple runs of a maximum flow algorithm. Since the maximum flow algorithm is used as a black box technique, flow values of the previous runs cannot be conserved to speed up the process. In this paper, we propose integrated maximum flow algorithms for the generalized optimal response time retrieval problem. Our first algorithm uses Ford-Fulkerson method and the second algorithm uses Push-relabel algorithm. Besides the sequential implementations, a multi-threaded version of the push-relabel algorithm is also implemented. Proposed algorithms are investigated using various replication schemes, query types, query loads, disk specifications, and system delays. Experimental results show that the sequential integrated push-relabel algorithm runs up to 2.5X faster than the black box version. Furthermore, parallel integrated push-relabel implementation achieves up to 1.7X speed up (~1.2X on average) over the sequential algorithm using two threads, which makes the integrated algorithm up to 4.25X (~3X on average) faster than its black box counterpart.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane lipoprotein I gene: molecular cloning, sequence, and expression in Escherichia coli

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Lipoprotein I (OprI) is one of the major proteins of the outer membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Like porin protein F (OprF), it is a vaccine candidate because it antigenically cross-reacts with all serotype strains of the International Antigenic Typing Scheme. Since lipoprotein I was expressed in Escherichia coli under the control of its own promoter, we were able to isolate the gene by screening a lambda EMBL3 phage library with a mouse monoclonal antibody directed against lipoprotein I. The monocistronic OprI mRNA encodes a precursor protein of 83 amino acid residues including a signal peptide of 19 residues. The mature protein has a molecular weight of 6,950, not including bound glycerol and lipid. Although the amino acid sequences of protein I of P. aeruginosa and Braun's lipoprotein of E. coli differ considerably (only 30.1% identical amino acid residues), peptidoglycan in E. coli, are identical. Using lipoprotein I expressed in E. coli, it can now be tested whether this protein alone, without P. aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide contaminations, has a protective effect against P. aeruginosa infections.
OBSTACLES TO LEARNING

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter examines some of the most common obstacles to learning from past incidents. A more detailed discussion of obstacles to institutional learning is presented. It is important to continuously assess the corporate learning process and to address obstacles as they appear. Another common obstacle to learning is the culture of the organization. Learning from incidents is important because human lives are at stake. Incidents can result in fatalities and/or injuries to employees or to the public. They can result in property damage to the plant and the surrounding area. Many companies have teams of highly competent process safety professionals focused on advanced learning.
Effect of spectral shaping on defect detection in frequency modulated thermal wave imaging

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This manuscript highlights a novel data processing approach for active infrared non-destructive testing and evaluation of carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRP). This is accomplished by performing spectral reshaping on a captured pre-processed linear frequency modulated thermal profile over the specimen. Results obtained from the Gaussian windowed frequency modulated thermal wave imaging (GWFMTWI) clearly shows better detection capabilities with improved test resolution and sensitivity. Further multi-transform techniques have been introduced both in time and frequency in order to test subsurface defect capabilities of the proposed approach.
A journey towards the unknown : navigating the self in the works of Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe, Richardson’s Pamela and Burney’s Evelina

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In studying the construction of the eighteenth-century novel as an exploration of the world we live in, this paper will argue that when authors fabricate “realistic” individual experience, readers travel with characters to discover the self as a constantly evolving entity, characterised by a subjective, limited, unique perspective of the world. If our exploration of the world is constantly altered by our daily experiences, there can be no singular, universal reality but a multiplicity of realities, worlds, selves that we encounter endlessly. The breath-taking abundance of ‘me’s that the characters encounter in discovering their relation to the world parallels the reader’s own introspection upon reading the texts, developing the novel as a way of looking at the world as a realm of possibilities. I will use Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe (1719) Samuel Richardson’s Pamela (1740) and Frances Burney’s Evelina (1778) to depict how the re-imagining of a familiar reality recreates, represents and redefines the idea of a ‘self’ in the text, foregrounding the subjectivity of human perspective through the juxtaposition of internal and external realities. These artificial worlds become sites of self-discovery, creating a place for readers to inhabit the headspace of the characters, wherein we discover the dichotomy between their private and public identities.
Patient Experiences and Perceptions with Infections Due to Multidrug-Resistant Organisms: A Systematic Review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Infections by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) pose significant public health challenges, including increased mortality rates, healthcare costs, and significant impacts on the quality of life for patients. Utilizing a systematic review methodology adhering to PRISMA guidelines, we performed a comprehensive search across three databases, identifying 20 relevant studies that investigated the psychological effects of infections due to MDROs on hospitalized adults. The primary outcomes examined included depression, anxiety, and other psychosocial impacts, while secondary outcomes included patient and caregiver understanding of the infection. Findings revealed consistent associations between contact isolation due to MDRO infections and heightened levels of depression and anxiety among patients, although evidence regarding the impact on anger was mixed. Other psychological aspects, such as feelings of stigmatization and reduced healthcare provider interactions, were also recorded. The current systematic review highlights the importance of addressing these psychological effects through holistic, patient-centered care approaches, emphasizing the need for better communication and comprehensive education for both patients and healthcare providers. Our findings suggest that mitigating the psychological burden of MDROs can enhance overall patient care and outcomes and call for further research to optimize care strategies for patients hospitalized for infections due to MDROs.
Auditory Model Identification Using REVCOR Method

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Auditory models are very useful in many applications such as speech coding and compression, cochlea prosthesis, and audio watermarking.In this paper we will develop a new auditory model based on the REVCOR method.This technique is based on the estimation of the impulse response of a suitable filter characterizing the auditory neuron and the cochlea.The first step of our study is focused on the development of a mathematical model based on the gammachirp system.This model is then programmed, implemented and simulated under M atlab.The obtained results are compared with the experimental values (REVCOR experiments) for the validation and a better optimization of the model parameters.Two objective criteria are used in order to optimize the audio model estimation which are the SNR (signal to noise ratio) and the MQE (mean quadratic error).The simulation results demonstrated that for the auditory model, only a reduced number of channels are excited (from 3 to 6).This result is very interesting for auditory implants because only significant channels will be stimulated.Besides, this simplifies the electronic implementation and medical intervention.
A preliminary in vitro and in vivo investigation into the women's health issue of vaginal candidiasis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study reviewed the current literature, performed in vitro inhibition testing of 10 "natural" compounds for antifungal activity against two strains of Candida albicans and conducted 2 small in vivo investigations. Current literature was investigated in regards to biological properties of C. albicans and alternative treatment practices of the women's health issue of vaginal candidiasis. In vitro, disk-diffusion tests examined the effectiveness of ten "natural" compounds against two strains of C. albicans. These agents were three commercial brands of yogurt, Black Walnut Extract, Tahebuia, and LDM-100, two brands of Extract of Citrus, rehydrated lactic acid bacteria, Caprol and H₂O₂. Inhibition varied from no inhibition to concentration-dependent inhibition and are presented in the text. Two preliminary in vivo investigations were conducted, of which the first (n=22) studied the prevalence of vaginal bacteria and yeast and the second (n=22) (n=7) mapped daily vaginal pH to compare to known hormonal changes throughout the menstrual cycle. Data from the first study were collected during routine pap test investigations and included collection of vaginal microflora and compilation of personal histories using a questionnaire. The results indicate the importance of identification of the causative organism. The second (n=7) served as a pilot study and although did not provide pH data of significance the method of investigation is discussed.
Assessment of added protection conferred by combined use of indoor residual spraying (IRS) and seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) for malaria prevention in Benin

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Malaria is endemic in Benin with seasonal and spatial variation in intensity. Insecticide treated Net (ITN) is a major prevention tool which is deployed nationwide. Other malaria prevention interventions such as seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) are also being implemented as complementary measures, either alone or in combination in high transmission health zones in northern Benin. This study aims to provide a precursory retrospective analysis of routine health facility data collected for two consecutive years comparing the cumulative malaria incidence in sites that received IRS alone and IRS + SMC with control sites that did not receive IRS or SMC. Three Health Zones (HZs) comprising 9 districts were used in the study analysis. In 2019, the HZs of Djougou-Copargo-Ouaké (DCO) and Kandi-Gogounou-Ségbana (KGS) both received IRS only. In 2020, KGS HZ received SMC in addition to IRS. The control HZ was Natitingou-Toukountouna-Boukoumbé (NTB) which did neither receive IRS nor SMC. Routine monthly malaria cases from the HZ information system were analyzed for incidence trends. The cumulative incidence (new cases/HZ population at-risk/year) was calculated for the 3 HZs. An unadjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR: incidence of IRS+/- SMC HZ over control HZ) was calculated in R using rate ratio test package. In 2019, similar cumulative malaria incidence in both HZs which was 322 cases/1000 in DCO ZS and 339 cases/1000 in KGS HZ against 420 cases/1000 in the control (NTB HZ). Moreover, in 2020, the number of new malaria cases avoided attributable to the various interventions is estimated at 104.62‰ in the IRS HZ (DCO) and 184.13‰ in the IRS + SMC HZ (KGS) which represents a reduction of 24.72% and 43.52% respectively compared to the control. While in this limited analysis, IRS +/- SMC HZ had lower malaria incidence than control HZ, future well-designed prospective multi-country studies in different transmission settings that address the question of whether a combined use of SMC and IRS provides additional protection are needed.</p> <p>published by the <a href="https://innspub.net/international-journal-of-biosciences/"><strong>International Journal of Biosciences | IJB</strong></a></p> <div> <div> </div> </div>
Verification of disease management technology on lentil against Stemphylium blight at farmer’s field in Nepal

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Technologies generated from lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) stemphylium blight (Stemphylium botryosum Walr) management experiments were verified at farmers field of 5 districts viz., Chitawan, Rautahat, Dang, Parsa and Banke during two winter seasons of 2013-2014 and 2014- 2015. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement of treatments and replicated 4 times. The plot size was 340 m2 (1 Kattha) with 25 cm row to row spacing. There were altogether 3 factors of the experiment i.e. year (2013-2014 and 2014-2015), location (5 districts) and package of practice (improved and farmers practice). The higher crop yield (1142.50 kg/ha) with lower disease index (34.95%) and higher benefit cost ratio of 2.42 were recorded in the farmers field of Banke district following seed rate (30 kg/ha), 8 hour primed improved variety (Black lentil), fertilizer doze of (20:40:20 NPK kg/ha+ 1 kg/ha B basal doze) and subsequent 3 sprays of Dithane M-45 @ 2.5 g/l of water at 10 days interval.
Thermal oxidation of synthetic triglycerides. II. Analysis of the volatile condensable and noncondensable phases

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Tripalmitin, 1‐lauryl dipalmitin, 2‐lauryl dipalmitin, 1‐oleyl dipalmitin and 2‐oleyl dipalmitin were subjected to thermal oxidation at 200 C in the presence of air. The volatile consensable products of oxidation collected after 3 and 24 hours were analyzed for carbonyl and carboxyl compounds. The volatile non‐condensable products were quantitatively examined for carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen. The results indicated that long chain carbonyls were formed in the initial stages of oxidation. When the oxidation was allowed to proceed for 24 hours, saturated aldehydes from C 1 to C 16 , methyl ketones, and other ketones were found in the volatile oxidation products. A variety of fatty acids from C 4 to C 16 were identified in the volatile fatty acids. The presence of dicarboxylic acids indicated that oxygen attacked the double bond of oleic acid in 1‐oleyl dipalmitin. Possible mechanisms for the formation of the decomposition products were discussed.