jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Characterization and Classification of Frontal Hairline Contours and Growth Directions in Chinese Women

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND Hair transplantation has become a major method for improving upper facial contour. Hairline contour (HC) and hair growth direction (HGD) are the main factors affecting postoperative aesthetic outcomes. However, studies on natural HC and HGD in Chinese women are scarce. OBJECTIVE To summarize the HC and HGD of hairlines in Chinese female participants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Standard photographs of the forehead were obtained from healthy Chinese volunteers older than 18 years. Hairline contour features were classified into 5 groups: round, bell-shaped, M-shaped, rectangular, and triangular. Hair growth direction was classified into 5 groups: Type ⅠA, Type ⅠB, Type ⅡA, Type ⅡB1, and Type ⅡB2. The authors performed hairline corrections in female participants. RESULTS A total of 568 women participated in this study. The proportions of participants with different HC features were as follows: round (8.10%), bell-shaped (15.84%), M-shaped (23.24%), rectangular (44.19%), and triangular (8.63%). The proportions of participants with different HGDs were as follows: Type ⅠA (7.75%), Type ⅠB (27.64%), Type ⅡA (30.81%), Type ⅡB1 (28.34%), and Type ⅡB2 (5.46%). CONCLUSION Both HC and HGD were categorized into 5 types in Chinese women. Shaping the hairline into a round type along with the preexisting direction was suggested in most instances.
Induction of pathogenic Th17 cells by inducible salt sensing kinase SGK1 (P1145)

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Th17 cells are highly proinflammatory cells that are critical for clearing extracellular pathogens and induction of multiple autoimmune diseases. IL-23 plays a critical role in stabilizing and endowing Th17 cells with pathogenic effector functions. IL-23 has been shown to reinforce the Th17 phenotype by increasing expression of IL-23 receptor (IL-23R). However, the molecular mechanism by which IL-23 sustains the Th17 response and induces pathogenic effector functions is unclear. Here we used unbiased transcriptional profiling of developing Th17 cells to construct a model of their signaling network and identify major nodes that regulate Th17 development. We identified serum glucocorticoid kinase-1 (SGK1) is critical for regulating IL-23R expression and for stabilizing the Th17 cell by deactivation of Foxo1, a direct repressor of IL-23R expression. SGK1 has been shown to govern Na+ transport and homeostasis. We show that a modest increase in salt (NaCl) concentration induces SGK1 expression, promotes IL-23R expression and enhances Th17 cell differentiation in vitro and in vivo, ultimately accelerating the development of autoimmunity. The loss of SGK1 resulted in abrogation of Na+-mediated Th17 differentiation in an IL-23-dependent manner. These data indicate that SGK1 is critical for the induction of pathogenic Th17 cells and provides a molecular insight by which an environmental factor such as a high salt diet could trigger Th17 development and promote tissue inflammation.
Validating BPEL Specifications using OCL

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This report gives a UML model of the structure for a BPEL document and provides a formal version of each informal constraint using the Object Constraint Language (OCL). Given this formalisation of the constraints, it is possible, using tools developed at Kent along with IBMs Eclipse Modelling Framework (EMF) to convert the OCL constraints into Java code that forms an automatic validation tool for BPEL documents.
Effect of Helicobacter pylori on Tight Junctions in Gastric Epithelia

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Molecular complexes grouped under the names of tight, adherent or gap junction regulate the flow of water, ions and macromolecules through epithelium paracellular spaces. The main constituents of tight junctions are claudins, a family of 26 different proteins whose expression and distribution are tissue specific but varies in tumors. A change in claudin 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 18 expression, that contributes to lose epithelial cohesion, has been associated to enhanced cell proliferation, migration, and invasiveness in gastric neoplastic tissue. Chronic inflammation process induced by H. pylori infection, a major risk factor for gastric cancer development, disrupts tight junctions via CagA gene, Cag pathogenicity island, and VacA, but the effect upon the epithelial barrier of H. pylori lipopolysaccharides or H. pylori-induced up-regulation of mTOR and ERK signaling pathways by microRNA-100 establishes new concepts of proof.
Reconciling BICEP2 and Planck results with right-handed Dirac neutrinos in the fundamental representation of grand unifiedE6

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The tensor-to-scalar ratio (r = 0.20^{+0.07}_{-0.05}) inferred from the\nexcess B-mode power observed by the Background Imaging of Cosmic Extragalactic\nPolarization (BICEP2) experiment is almost twice as large as the 95% CL upper\nlimits derived from temperature measurements of the WMAP (r<0.13) and Planck\n(r<0.11) space missions. Very recently, it was suggested that additional\nrelativistic degrees of freedom beyond the three active neutrinos and photons\ncan help to relieve this tension: the data favor an effective number of light\nneutrino species N_{eff} = 3.86 \\pm 0.25. Since the BICEP2 ratio implies the\nenergy scale of inflation (V_*^{1/4} \\sim 2 \\times 10^{16} GeV) is comparable\nto the grand unification scale, in this paper we investigate whether we can\naccommodate the required N_{eff} with three right-handed (partners of the\nleft-handed standard model) neutrinos living in the fundamental representation\nof a grand unified exceptional E_6 group. We show that the superweak\ninteractions of these Dirac states (through their coupling to a TeV-scale Z'\ngauge boson) lead to decoupling of right-handed neutrino just above the QCD\ncross over transition: 175 MeV < T_{\\nu_R}^{dec} < 250 MeV. For decoupling in\nthis transition region, the contribution of the three right-handed neutrinos to\nN_{eff} is suppressed by heating of the left-handed neutrinos (and photons).\nConsistency (within 1\\sigma) with the favored N_{eff} is achieved for 4.5 TeV <\nM_{Z'} < 7.5 TeV. The model is fully predictive and can be confronted with\nfuture data from LHC14.\n
Identifying Risk Factors for Graft Failure due to Chronic Rejection < 15 Years Post‐Transplant in Pediatric Kidney Transplants Using Random Forest Machine‐Learning Techniques

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Background Chronic rejection forms the leading cause of late graft loss in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. Despite improvement in short‐term graft outcomes, chronic rejection impedes comparable progress in long‐term graft outcomes. Methods Data from the national Standard Transplant Analysis and Research (STAR) quarterly file from 1987 to 2023, provided by the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN), and machine‐learning techniques were leveraged to determine novel risk factors for graft failure due to chronic rejection in pediatric kidney transplants. A predictive model was developed in conjunction, based on the performances of six classification models, including logistic regression, k ‐Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, Artificial Neural Network, and Random Forest. Results The 19 pre‐transplant and at‐transplant factors identified include those substantiated in literature, such as living donor type, cold ischemic time, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching, recipient age, and recipient race. Other factors include one‐haplotype matched transplants, recipient age being < 5 years, and the proximities of the most and least recent serum crossmatch tests to transplantation. The latter may correlate with recipient sensitization and socioeconomic disparities, but further research must be done to validate this hypothesis. The Random Forest model was selected based on its performance metrics (AUC 0.81). Conclusions This case–control study identifies key factors for chronic rejection‐caused graft failure 15 years post‐transplant in pediatric kidney transplants and develops a Random Forest predictive model based on these factors. Continued investigation is needed to better understand the variables contributing to pediatric chronic kidney rejection.
Management of pancreatic pseudocysts.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Over a ten year period a total of thirty-four patients with forty-four pseudocysts were treated. Thirty-two patients required operation, whereas in two the cyst resolved spontaneously. In eight patients acute cysts failed to respond to intensive medical management and required external drainage to control the course of the disease. All of the pancreatic fistulas which were produced by this maneuver closed spontaneously. In twenty-four patients acute symptoms related to the cysts were lessened on conservative management, and operation was undertaken later to correct a persistent mass or to control chronic abdominal pain and tenderness. The method of internal drainage varied depending upon the size and location of the cyst. Most cysts in the head of the gland were drained directly into the duodenum. Evidence is presented indicating that many of these cysts originate in the segment of gland which is drained by the duct of Santorini. Cysts in the body of the gland were treated by cystogastrostomy or retrograde drainage using a defunctionalized limb of jejunum. Those involving the tail were often resected along with the spleen. When resection was employed, the open end of the remaining pancreas was usually anastomosed to a defunctionalized limb of jejunum to avoid leakage of pancreatic secretions. The two major complications were pancreatic fistula (eight cases) and postoperative gastrointestinal hemorrhage (four cases). One death was directly attributable to a massive postoperative hemorrhage from cystogastrostomy. Of six deaths, three occurred in the immediate postoperative period, and two of these were related to hepatic insufficiency in alcoholic patients. Three late deaths occurred, two of which were caused by carcinoma of the pancreas which became evident when a pseudocyst developed as a consequence of duct obstruction. Results of treatment were difficult to assess because of the high proportion of pseudocysts which occurred in patients with alcohol-induced pancreatitis (twenty-eight of thirty-four). Poor results in this group often appeared to be related to persistent alcoholic excess. Conversely, good results were obtained in patients with biliary-induced pancreatitis, and in eight of the alcoholic patients who either stopped or curtailed their drinking. Based upon our experience, a high percentage of pseudocysts of the pancreas occur as a consequence of alcohol-induced pancreatitis. Although local problems such as pseudocyst or duct obstruction can be corrected surgically, success of therapy is heavily dependent upon control of the underlying alcoholism. It is imperative that such patients receive appropriate psychiatric support during and after their surgical care.
Immediate and delayed suppression of type I interferon induction in porcine immune cells by Nipah virus Malaysia V protein

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Nipah virus Malaysia genotype (NiV-M) is an emerging zoonotic paramyxovirus. The non-structural P gene products of NiV-M (the V and W proteins) have been implicated in the block of type I interferon signaling, but live virus investigations of their roles in the porcine host are lacking. In this investigation, recombinant NiV-M that do not express either the V or W proteins were used to examine the relevance of these proteins to the induction of type I IFN in porcine immune cells. The V protein was found to be important to the production of infectious virus in porcine immune cells by limiting the production of type I IFNs both immediately after entry and later in the infectious cycle. Immunogold electron microscopy (IEM) imaging indicated that the NiV-M V and W proteins are incorporated into the NiV-M virion by attachments to the nucleocapsid. These findings show that the V protein of NiV-M suppresses type I IFN production throughout infection of porcine immune cells and demonstrate a mechanism by which NiV-M modulates the immune response in swine.
Supporting student-written tests of gui programs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Tools like JUnit and its relatives are making software testing reachable even for introductory students. At the same time, however, many introductory computer sciences courses use graphical interfaces as an "attention grabber" for students and as a metaphor for teaching object-oriented programming. Unfortunately, developing software tests for programs that have significant graphical user interfaces is beyond the abilities of typical students (and, for that matter, many educators). This paper describes a framework for combining readily available tools to create an infrastructure for writing tests for Java programs that have graphical user interfaces. These tests are level-appropriate for introductory students and fit in with current approaches in computer science education that incorporate testing in programming assignments. An analysis of data collected during actual student use of the framework in a CS1 course is presented.
Community Health Workers’ Palliative Care Learning Needs and Training: Results from a Partnership between a US University and a Rural Community Organization in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The lack of palliative care knowledge among health care providers is a major barrier to adequate care in the rural provinces of South Africa (SA). Three aims: (1) to identify palliative care learning needs of community health workers (CHWs) working in a non-governmental organization (NGO) in Mpumalanga province SA, (2) to develop a training session based on the needs identified by the CHWs, and (3) to describe CHWs' perceptions of the usefulness of the training content. Data were collected from 29 CHWs in focus group interviews. Content analysis identified eight palliative care learning needs: HIV/AIDS, palliative care, TB, sexually-transmitted illnesses, debriefing, care of bedridden patients, other chronic diseases. Based on three of the most salient learning needs, a training session was planned and delivered. Future program development should consider interventions to provide emotional support for CHWs and how to evaluate the quality and impact of care provided on the community.
INVESTIGATING THE SPASMOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF CELERY (APIUM GRAVEOLENS) LEAF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT ON RAT'S ILEUM

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: In spite of the use of industrially prepared drugs for control of diarrhea complications, the attempts to find plants that reduce intestinal smooth muscle motility are going on. The plant celery (Apium Graveolens) from Apiaceae with both nutritional and pharmacological properties contains flavonoids and has hypotensive, antinociceptive, anti- inflammatory and diuretic effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antispasmodic effect of celery leaf extract on the rat ileum. Materials and Methods: Celery leaf powder was extracted by maceration in 70% alcohol for 72 hours. A terminal portion of ileum from Wistar male rat was dissected and its contractions were recorded isotonically under one gram tension in an organ bath containing Tyrode solution. t-test, and one and two-way ANOVA were used to compare the results. Results: Extract cumulative concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg/ml) reduced the ileum contractions induced by KCl (60 mM) and carbachol (10 μM) dose-dependently (ANOVA, P 2+ -free with high K + (60 mM) Tyrode solution, the extract (1mg/ml) reduced the ileum contractions induced by cumulative concentrations of CaCl 2 (5-8 mM) dose-dependently (two way ANOVA, P Conclusion : Celery leaf extract inhibited the ileum contractions dose dependently. It seems that voltage dependent calcium channels and receptor-operated calcium channels are involved in this activity, but β-adrenoceptors, opioid receptors, NO, and potassium channels are not involved in this effect. It is possible that apigenin as the celery flavonoid is responsible for this activity.
Cultivating Connectedness and Generosity in Universities: A View of Early Career Academic Experiences in Aotearoa, New Zealand

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Academic work is intense.Academics beginning their careers now carry an unprecedented weight of expectation across a wide range of roles.They must excel as teachers, researchers, supervisors, managers and public intellectuals who are technologically savvy, culturally aware, entrepreneurial and capable of competing on an international scale for students, research funds, patents, publication opportunities, media time, rankings, awards and tenure.Academics must also account for all these activities in a performative environment that is more managerial, market-oriented
Automated modeling of complex data center applications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As online services become increasingly common, the complexity of backend distributed server applications in data centers has also continued to grow. At the same time, there is an increasing need to enhance the manageability of these large applications by automating common management tasks, which requires a good understanding of the run-time behavior of the application under different scenarios. However, the rising complexity of these applications makes the tasks of manually modeling and analyzing their run-time behavior increasingly difficult. In this talk, I will argue for the need to automate the modeling of the run-time performance of distributed data center applications. I will present techniques for automatically deriving application models using statistical methods from machine learning. I will describe how we have put these ideas into practice into two systems that we have built, Modellus and Predico, and will present case studies of using these systems for management tasks such as capacity planning and what-if analysis of data center applications.
Inhibition of IP3 and IP3-dependent Ca2+ mobilization by cyclic nucleotides in isolated gastric muscle cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The mechanisms by which cAMP and cGMP and agents that stimulate one (isoproterenol and nitroprusside) or both cyclic nucleotides (VIP) decrease cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and inhibit contraction were examined in dispersed, intact, and saponin-permeabilized gastric muscle cells. In these cells, the [Ca2+]i transient responsible for initial contraction is mediated by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-dependent Ca2+ release (K. N. Bitar, P. G. Bradford, J. W. Putney, Jr., and G. M. Makhlouf, Science Wash. DC 232: 1143-1145, 1986, and J. Biol. Chem. 261: 16591-16596, 1986). In intact muscle cells, dibutyryl cAMP and all three relaxant agents inhibited contraction, [Ca2+]i, and net Ca2+ efflux (i.e., Ca2+ release) in a concentration-dependent fashion. In permeabilized muscle cells, cAMP, cGMP, and all three relaxant agents 1) inhibited cholecystokinin (CCK)-induced IP3 production (maximal 38-48%), 2) inhibited CCK- and IP3-induced Ca2+ efflux (maximal 55-59%) and contraction (maximal 59-66%), and 3) stimulated Ca2+ uptake (maximal 25-30%), in a concentration-dependent fashion. cAMP and cGMP were equipotent inhibitors of IP3 production and of CCK- and IP3-induced Ca2+ efflux and contraction, whereas cGMP was distinctly more potent as a stimulant of Ca2+ uptake. For all functions, maximal effects induced by cAMP and cGMP were similar to those induced by the three relaxant agents. Inhibition of Ca2+ release was the main determinant of inhibition of contraction; stimulation of Ca2+ uptake was relatively minor (< 5% of Ca2+ efflux). Decrease in IP3 production did not contribute to inhibition of Ca2+ efflux and contraction since inhibition of IP3-induced Ca2+ efflux was similar to inhibition of CCK-induced IP3-dependent Ca2+ efflux.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An efficient ungerboeck type MAP receiver for multi-user channel with M-ary quasi orthogonal signaling

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a high performance MAP receiver with significantly reduced complexity is proposed for multiple-access channel with M-ary quasi orthogonal signaling. The proposed architecture operates on the channel and code matched filters (MF) belonging to each users signaling waveforms. The proposed MAP receiver is based on the factor graph (FG) obtained by using the equivalent channel model, and it operates on forward and backward directions along signaling intervals iteratively. Also, it is substantiated with bidirectional decision feedback (BDF) in order to limit the number of states used by each user. This Ungerboeck type MAP receiver, where Sum-Product Algorithm (SPA) with the support of RSSE, without need for whitening filter shows a very close performance to matched filter bound (MFB) at significantly reduced complexity for multipath channels with large delay spread and number of users.
Illuminating Large-Scale IPv6 Scanning in the Internet

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

While scans of the IPv4 space are ubiquitous, today little is known about scanning activity in the IPv6 Internet. In this work, we present a longitudinal and detailed empirical study on large-scale IPv6 scanning behavior in the Internet, based on firewall logs captured at some 230,000 hosts of a major Content Distribution Network (CDN). We develop methods to identify IPv6 scans, assess current and past levels of IPv6 scanning activity, and study dominant characteristics of scans, including scanner origins, targeted services, and insights on how scanners find target IPv6 addresses. Where possible, we compare our findings to what can be assessed from publicly available traces. Our work identifies and highlights new challenges to detect scanning activity in the IPv6 Internet, and uncovers that today's scans of the IPv6 space show widely different characteristics when compared to the more well-known IPv4 scans.
Trade War between the USA and China: Impact on an Austrian Company in the Steel Sector

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract The paper is intended to provide information on the trade war between China and the USA. It analyses the consequences of the trade dispute, discusses the impact on an Austrian company in the steel sector, gives an overview of possible strategies with which companies can reduce the negative effects of tariffs and discusses strategies that are good options for companies in the steel industry. The methodology applied included theoretical and empirical research based on quantitative analysis as well as quantitative research in the form of expert interviews. The results show that the trade war between China and the USA was in full swing until January 2020. The impacts do not only affect the parties involved, but also other parties such as the EU. Companies can use a variety of strategies to mitigate the negative effects of trade wars. The best strategy for a company depends on the structure of the company, its products and its competitors. The paper adds new insights to the existing literature on the trade war between China and the US and its effects, strategies to mitigate the negative effects of tariffs and discussions on optimal strategies for companies in the steel industry.