jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Touch Imprint Cytology in the Diagnosis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma - A Preliminary Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Exfoliative cytology is not currently used in the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) because of its low diagnostic rate. Methods for collecting cells from the nasopharyngeal (NP) region is an important factor which can influence the diagnostic yield. We proposed that cytologic examination of touch-imprinted smears from NP biopsies can improve the diagnostic rate of cytology.
Methods Touch-imprinted smears were made from NP-biopsied specimens from patients suspicious of NPC. After air-dried and stained with Quick-Diff stain, morphologic diagnosis was made immediately and the results were grouped to positive-, negative- or suspicious for NPC. For suspicious group, immunocytochemical staining with CD45 and cytokeratin (CK) as markers were performed to ensure the nature of cells. Histologic examinations of the biopsied specimens were served as controls.
Results From January through September 1994, 42 patients were recruited into this study. Morphologically, 15 of them were positive, 25 were negative, and 2 were suspicious for NPC. One of the 2 suspicious cases was found to be malignant by demonstrating CK (+) and CD45 (─) in suspicious cells, the other benign by showing CD45 (+) and CK (─) in suspicious cells. Histologically, 15 patients were NPC and 27 were either lymphoid hyperplasia or chronic inflammation. The sensitivity and specificity were 93.3% and 92.6% respectively. Positive and negative predicting value were 87.5% and 96.2% respectively.
Conclusions We concluded that touch imprint cytology is a useful and valuable aid in diagnosing NPC. It is a rapid, accurate method and can ensure that the biopsy has been successfully done.
<title>Effect of a new carbon dioxide laser and fluoride on sound and demineralized enamel</title>

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that irradiation of dental enamel by a TEA carbon dioxide laser together with fluoride, can effectively inhibit caries-like progression in sound and demineralized enamel. Blocks of human sound and demineralized dental enamel were divided into 11 treatment groups. Eighty enamel blocks were partially demineralized in a 50 percent HAP/0.1 M lactic acid/carbopol solution. Samples were treated with/without laser and/or F according to the above groups. The blocks were then submitted to 5 days of pH cycling. Microradiography was performed on 100 micrometers thin sections to determine the relative mineral loss as (Delta) Z and the percentage of caries inhibition for the laser and F treated groups. Mean (Delta) Z values for groups I-X were, respectively: 1043; 683; 614; 2294; 1803; 1708; 1547; 1791; 1656;; and 1385. The percent caries inhibition for groups II, III, V-X was respectively: 35, 41; 49; 62; 42; 53 and 76 percent. The combination of this new TEA CO2 laser and F treatment produced a significant protective effect against lesion progression.
Some Correlates of Emotional Well-Being Among New England College Students

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract In a questionnaire survey of New England college students, a large number of undergraduate men and women reported problems related to their personal, social, or academic adjustment. Given a list of 22 items described as “common concerns or feelings experienced by college students,” respondents were asked to rate the extent to which each item had been a problem for them in the past year. Most students (86%) reported having very much or somewhat of a problem with one or more items on the list. Pressure to do well in school, problems with weight control, anxiety, poor concentration and depression were among the most commonly reported concerns. The prevalence of these self-reported concerns and problems was found to be significantly associated with the respondents' sex, their perceptions of their health status, and academic standing.
Impressive Analysis of High School Students' Abilities in Physics Measurement Materials of the New Indonesian-Paradigm Curriculum Via the Rasch Model

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The extent of students' abilities is an important thing to consider because it is part of the learning process. This research analyzes students' abilities in the subject matter measurement physics. Tools that are used is a ministep Rasch analysis. Descriptive quantitative was used in the study by providing an overview of the student's results and supported by data in the form of numbers from Rasch analysis. A total of 14 participant students as respondents in this research with the criteria of having received physics and measurement materialize Merdeka Curriculum in his learning. The results of this research state that ability learners are still classified as low, although it has obtained that material, while Cronbach's alpha index (0.62) is in the moderate category. Besides that, suitability questions for students still need to be classified as low. That way, it is important to balance the equations with students' abilities or vice versa. In the future, study continuation is required to increase students' abilities. According to the claim from the Merdeka Curriculum, it is learning more about the essentials.
GELIAT NELAYAN PANTAI AYAH KEBUMEN MENGHADAPI KRISIS EKONOMI 1998-1999

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In 1997-1999, Indonesia experienced economic crisis beginning with the monetary crisis, which led to the paralysis of the economy of most communities. Fishermen of Pantai Ayah is a group of people who can not be separated from the economic crisis that hit Indonesia. Based on this research, it is known that fishermen suffered due to rising prices of basic needs, while their income from the sea did not increase significantly. The income they got are not comparable with the fishing capital they spent, making it difficult to meet the daily needs of the family. Fishermen make every effort to keep the family’s needs remain unmet, including by seeking a second job, borrow money and sell goods. In addition, the social capital of trust and honesty is an important factor in facilitating the process of nyelang (borrow money in a short time returning) and debt. Government assistance received by the community to reduce the impact of the economic crisis, is Market Operations.
Proclamation against vice and immorality

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Proclamation against vice and immorality Get access O. S. O. S. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s2-I, Issue 7, 16 February 1856, Page 144, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s2-I.7.144a Published: 16 February 1856
Jacob Lawrence, American Painter [Invitation]

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Invitation for the exhibition "Jacob Lawrence, American Painter," June 28-September 6, 1987 held at the Dallas Museum of Art. Invitation to the lecture "Jacob Lawrence and the Urban Edge" by Alvia Wardlaw on June 6, 1987. The lecture is the fourth and final lecture in the 20th Century African-American Art Lecture Series. The lecture series served as advance promotion for the exhibition.
Gender equality and Gender Mainstreaming in agriculture and rural areas in Austria : perceptions of rural youth Austria

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Gender Mainstreaming (GM) ist ein Mittel zur Erreichung von Geschlechtergleichstellung (GS) in der Gesellschaft durch Einbeziehung der Geschlechterperspektive auf allen Ebenen, einschließlich Gesetzgebung und politischen Programmen. Es gibt umfangreiche Forschung zur Umsetzung von GM in der Landwirtschaft und ländlichen Gebieten Österreichs, aber nicht dazu, wie verschiedene gesellschaftliche Gruppen GM wahrnehmen. Ein besseres Verständnis unterschiedlicher Wahrnehmungen kann Einblick in Erfolge von GM geben und Wege zur Transformation der Geschlechterverhältnisse aufzeigen. Junge Menschen als künftige Akteur:innen im ländlichen Raum sind für Transformation essenziell. Ich untersuche die Rolle von GS und GM in der Landjugend (LJ), Österreichs größter Jugendorganisation. Konkrete Forschungsfragen sind: Wie adressiert die LJ GS und GM? Wie nehmen Mitglieder der LJ GS und GM wahr? Welche Herausforderungen und Perspektiven in Bezug auf GS und GM gibt es? Daten basieren auf 16 Gruppeninterviews (n=69) und zwei Interviews mit nationalen LJ-Vertreter:innen im Jahr 2023. Anhand des sozialökologischen Modells erfolgten Interviewgestaltung und Datenanalyse auf vier Ebenen: persönlich, organisatorisch (LJ), politisch, gesellschaftlich. Ergebnisse zeigen: die Befragten fühlen sich kaum von Ungleichstellung betroffen, nehmen sie aber als wichtig wahr. Das ist sichtbar in Aussagen zu geschlechtergetrennter Arbeit oder gleicher Bezahlung. Ambivalenz besteht bezüglich politischer Umsetzung der GS durch GM. Die Befragten erachten entsprechende Sozialisierung als wesentlich für GS in der Gesellschaft, während eine politische Fokussierung auf Nebenschauplätze bei der Umsetzung von GS und GM als hinderlich wahrgenommen wird. Während die LJ GS in ihre Grundsätze und Projekte integriert, ist das keine Priorität der Befragten. In Zukunft werden Kommunikation und Bewusstseinsbildung in der LJ und in der Gesellschaft essenziell sein, um Missverständnissen und Ablehnung in Bezug auf GS und GM vorzubeugen.
Future Directions in the Developmental Science of Addictions

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This article addresses important future directions for the study of addictions, emphasizing the incorporation of developmental perspectives into how we think about substance use and disorder as unfolding processes over time and context for a heterogeneous group of individuals. These perspectives articulate complexities in the developmental processes that underlie change and continuity in human behavior over time. We consider two key developmental concepts, namely, "time" and "heterogeneity." We argue that a lack of attention to time sampling creates ambiguity in the meaning of time-linked assessments, challenges in discerning which of multiple clocks may govern behavior, and the inability in some instances to distinguish which of multiple etiological processes may be driving behavior within our samples. Moreover, artificial divisions among disorders that commonly co-occur with substance use are a barrier to the further integration of the study and treatment of addictions with that of psychopathology. Similar to recent changes in the study of psychiatric disorders more broadly, we argue that identifying common deficits among commonly comorbid disorders, rather than patterns of comorbidity per se, is key to identifying early emerging risk factors for substance use and disorder, with important implications for identifying risk populations and developmental periods as well as potentially malleable intervention targets. Attention to time sampling in theory-driven research designs and attempts to identify more homogenous groups of individuals who use and eventually abuse substances over time are two examples of ways to better understand some of the complexity underlying the development of addictions.
Dexamethasone and Some Commonly Used Drugs Inhibit MCT8-mediated T3 Transport in Vitro

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) is the first thyroid hormone transporter that has been linked to a human disease. Besides genetic alterations other factors might impair MCT8 activity. To investigate whether some common drugs can inhibit MCT8-mediated T 3 transport, [ 125 I]T 3 uptake and efflux were measured in COS-7 cells transiently transfected with hMCT8 before and after exposure to increasing concentrations of drugs. The mode of inhibition was also determined. Dexamethasone inhibited T 3 uptake at 10 μM; hydrocortisone reduced T 3 uptake at 500 and 1000 μM; prednisone and prednisolone were devoid of inhibitory potential. Amiodarone caused a reduction of T 3 uptake by MCT8 only at the highest concentrations used (44% at 50 μM and 68% at 100 μM), this effect was weaker than that produced by desethylamiodarone and dronedarone; buspirone resulted a potent inhibitor, reducing T 3 uptake even at low concentrations. L-carnitine inhibited T 3 uptake only at 500 mM and 1 M. Kinetic experiments revealed a noncompetitive mode of inhibition for all compounds. All drugs inhibiting T 3 uptake did not affect T 3 release. This study shows a novel effect of some common drugs, which is inhibition of T 3 transport mediated by MCT8. Specifically, dexamethasone, buspirone, desethylamiodarone, dronedarone behave as potent inhibitors of MCT8.
AMPK Inhibits ULK1-Dependent Autophagosome Formation and Lysosomal Acidification via Distinct Mechanisms

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Autophagy maintains metabolism in response to starvation, but each nutrient is sensed distinctly. Amino acid deficiency suppresses mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (MTORC1), while glucose deficiency promotes AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). The MTORC1 and AMPK signaling pathways converge onto the ULK1/2 autophagy initiation complex. Here, we show that amino acid starvation promoted formation of ULK1- and sequestosome 1/p62-positive early autophagosomes. Autophagosome initiation was controlled by MTORC1 sensing glutamine, leucine, and arginine levels together. In contrast, glucose starvation promoted AMPK activity, phosphorylation of ULK1 Ser555, and LC3-II accumulation, but with dynamics consistent with a block in autophagy flux. We studied the flux pathway and found that starvation of amino acid but not of glucose activated lysosomal acidification, which occurred independently of autophagy and ULK1. In addition to lack of activation, glucose starvation inhibited the ability of amino acid starvation to activate both autophagosome formation and the lysosome. Activation of AMPK and phosphorylation of ULK1 were determined to specifically inhibit autophagosome formation. AMPK activation also was sufficient to prevent lysosome acidification. These results indicate concerted but distinct AMPK-dependent mechanisms to suppress early and late phases of autophagy.
Tasmanian Jazz Identity: A History of Jazz in Tasmania 1917-1989

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Tasmanian Jazz Identity theme is used as the overarching framework for this research, which identifies unique factors in Tasmania’s jazz history compared with other Australian states. Identity, in its broad sense, is a product of geography and history. Australia has a continent-wide jazz regionalism and identity separate from the US; however, there is also much that is distinctive about Australia’s regional jazz scenes. Regional jazz scenes have not been extensively examined in the written histories of Australian jazz. Tasmania is one of the most unique as its isolation has resulted in differences from other jazz sites on Australia’s mainland. Therefore, Tasmania’s jazz scene needs to be understood in its own context; nowhere else in Australia are boundaries so formidable and fixed as Tasmania’s, with the Bass Strait and the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Despite its small population Tasmania has a high degree of autonomy. The individualism of Tasmania’s jazz scene and identities therein are linked to the broader Australian jazz style, but because of the conditions, geography and circumstances in which they evolved, Tasmania developed a distinct, localised, Australian jazz vernacular. The importance of this research is in bridging the gap in the existing literature on Australian jazz history by presenting a sequential, chronological account of Tasmania’s jazz scene from 1917 to 1989, and the musicians who created it. Accordingly, this research focuses on seminal musicians, bands, and identities who contributed to establishing and maintaining jazz activity in Tasmania. This is presented as detailed biographical accounts of individuals or ensembles and their principal contributions, together with a comprehensive investigation into the main musicians, bands, major events, locations, and organisations that developed the jazz scene. This primary research contributes to, and builds upon, the current knowledge and understanding of jazz developments in Australia. It moves beyond the standardised ideas of the Australian jazz identity, by focusing on the broader cultural landscape in order to better understand the role of jazz in the social history of Australia. It provides this information as a foundation for education and a better understanding of Australia’s rich jazz culture and presents a case for the acknowledgment of Tasmania’s important and unique contribution to Australian jazz.
The classical and alternative pathways of complement activation play distinct roles in spontaneous C3 fragment deposition and membrane attack complex (MAC) formation on human B lymphocytes

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The contributions of the classical (CP) and alternative (AP) pathways of complement activation to the spontaneous deposition of C3 fragments and the formation of membrane attack complexes (MAC) on human B lymphocytes, were assessed by incubating peripheral blood mononuclear cells with autologous serum in the absence and presence of selective inhibitors of the AP and CP, respectively. While the total amount of C3 fragments deposited was relatively unaffected by blocking either pathway individually, deposition was virtually abrogated by their combined blockade. A marked difference was observed, however, in the nature of the fragments deposited as a result of CP and AP activation: C3b fragments deposited via the CP were extensively (∼ 90%) converted to the terminal degradation product, C3dg, whereas about 50% of those deposited by the AP persisted as C3b/iC3b fragments. The extent of MAC formation was also found to be highly pathway dependent, with the AP being about 15-fold more efficient at initiating this process than the CP. A model accounting for the effectiveness of the AP in both preserving C3 fragment integrity and initiating MAC is presented.
Effects of tillage technologies and application of biopreparations on micromycetes in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of spring wheat

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The population density and structure of complexes of soil microscopic fungi in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), plant damage by root rot and leaf diseases, and crop yield were determined in a stationary field experiment on a silty loamy soddy-podzolic soil (Albic Retisol (Loamic, Aric)) in dependence on the soil tillage technique: (a) moldboard plowing to 20–22 cm and (b) non-inversive tillage to 14–16 cm. The results were treated with the two-way ANOVA method. It was shown that the number of fungal propagules in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of plants in the variant with non-inversive tillage was significantly smaller than that in the variant with plowing. Minimization of the impact on the soil during five years led to insignificant changes in the structure of micromycete complexes in the rhizosphere of wheat. The damage of the plants with root rot and leaf diseases upon non-inversive tillage did not increase in comparison with that upon plowing. Wheat yield in the variant with non-inversive tillage was insignificantly lower than that in the variant with moldboard plowing. The application of biopreparations based on the Streptomyces hygroscopicus А4 and Pseudomonas aureofaciens BS 1393 resulted in a significant decrease of plant damage with leaf rust.
A Proline Mimetic for the Design of New Stable Secondary Structures: Solvent-Dependent Amide Bond Isomerization of (S)-Indoline-2-carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A thorough experimental and computational study on the conformational properties of (S)-indoline-2-carboxylic acid derivatives has been conducted. Methyl (S)-1-acetylindoline-2-carboxylate, both a mimetic of proline and phenylalanine, shows a remarkable tendency toward the cis amide isomer when dissolved in polar solvents. This behavior is opposite to the general preference of proline for the trans isomer, making indoline-2-carboxylic acid a good candidate for the design of different secondary structures and new materials.
Effects of a Physiological Insulin Concentration on the Endothelin-Sensitive Ca2+ Store in Porcine Coronary Artery Smooth Muscle

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The effect of insulin to attenuate the Ca2+ and contractile response of vascular smooth muscle to a number of agonists has been described previously, but the Ca2+ regulatory mechanisms of insulin action remain unclear. We determined the effect of a physiological insulin concentration (300 pmol/L) on the Ca2+ response of vascular smooth muscle cells of the porcine right coronary artery to endothelin 1 (ET-1); furthermore, we examined the cellular Ca2+ stores affected by insulin (i.e., Ca2+ stores releasable by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, caffeine, and ionomycin). We measured the Ca2+ responses of acutely isolated single smooth muscle cells with the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator Fura-2. Acute insulin exposure (20 min) significantly attenuated the Ca2+ response of single smooth muscle cells to 10 nmol/L ET-1. This inhibitory effect of insulin was observed both in the presence and absence of extracellular Ca2+. In contrast with the effects on ET-1-induced Ca2+ responses, insulin did not inhibit the Ca2+ response to 5 mmol/l caffeine, an agent that directly releases sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores. Insulin was also without effect on the total cellular Ca2+ store released by 1 µmol/l ionomycin, a Ca2+-transporting ionophore. When ET-1 and caffeine were given in succession, a sizable caffeine-sensitive Ca2+ store could be released from insulin-treated cells but not control cells, indicating that the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ store of insulin-treated cells was not depleted by ET-1. Generalized depletion of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ store is not one of the cellular mechanisms involved in the effect of insulin on coronary smooth muscle; instead, the effect may be due to an inhibitory influence on transmembrane signal transduction, such as diminished ET-1-induced inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate production or reduced ability of this phosphoinositol to release stored Ca2+.
“There is always a better way”: Managing uncertainty in decision making about new cancer drugs in Canada

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Summary Policy decisions about the approval and funding of new cancer drugs must often be made in an environment of complex uncertainty about clinical and cost‐effectiveness data. The focus of this article is on the results from qualitative interviews with senior officials ( n = 16) who make decisions about or influence cancer drug policy in various organizations in the Canadian cancer control system. Most participants identified the use of a limited number of informal approaches to address uncertainty, such as grounding decisions in evidence and advice from expert groups. People tended to focus on evidence informed decisions including price negotiations, the ability to implement policy changes, and stakeholder values. Lessons from the Canadian context related to continuing efforts to build a public culture of understanding into how policy decisions like cancer drug funding are made may result in greater acceptance and increased confidence in health policy decision‐making processes across multiple sectors internationally.