jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Enhanced 3 Acknowledgements Routing Protocol for MANET

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays, of emerging research field of base station less network (type of ad-hoc network) Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET. All the developed research work of protocols fixed number of nodes in the network, and also challenges of MANET energy and security issue like misbehavior attack, block hole attack and packet dropping attack etc. In this recent new developed technical work called new protocol called Trust Based Enhanced Adaptive 3 Acknowledgements (TB-EA3ACK) protocol, use choose in more trusted path with minimum link filer to transferring. This developed work simulated though network simulator 2 using following parameters Packet delivery ratio, network traffic and throughput, simulation results of proposed system better than existing.
Gumma orbits

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the pathology of the organ of vision, syphilis plays a prominent role; it accounts for one to three percent of all eye diseases. Orbital syphilis, however, is rare. According to the Kazan Eye Clinic, from 1900 to 1922, there were only two cases of gummy lesions of the orbit among 129.340 patients. Professor Ochapovsky among. 29,970 patients in his clinic notes seven cases of this kind of patients. According to the statistics of our department, from 1919 to 1935, for 225,000 patients, two cases were registered in 1925 (West Soviet Medical, 1925) and the case below is the third.
Metabolism and disposition of the SGLT2 inhibitor bexagliflozin in rats, monkeys and humans

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Bexagliflozin is a C-aryl glucoside inhibitor of human sodium-glucose linked transporter 2 (SGLT2) that undergoes oxidation and glucuronidation to form six principal metabolites in humans.In vitro metabolism by human liver microsomes and recombinant enzymes is primarily mediated by CYP3A4 and UGT1A9. Three major oxidation products and three major glucuronides have been identified in vivo. Metabolism by rats is mostly by oxidation whereas metabolism by monkeys and humans is mostly by glucuronidation. Metabolism by monkeys closely resembles metabolism by humans and all metabolites found in humans are also found in monkeys. A greater diversity of metabolites has been identified among human in vivo specimens than among in vitro reaction products.Following oral dosing of humans with 14C-bexagliflozin, the 3′-O-glucuronide contributed 32% of the parent AUC and all other metabolites contributed <10%. Of the 91.6% of input radioactivity recovered, 51.1% was in faeces, predominantly as bexagliflozin, and 40.5% was in urine, largely as the 3′-O-glucuronide. Unidentified metabolites contributed 0.27% of the input radiolabel.A quantitative accounting for the metabolism and disposition of bexagliflozin in vivo has been developed. Bexagliflozin is a C-aryl glucoside inhibitor of human sodium-glucose linked transporter 2 (SGLT2) that undergoes oxidation and glucuronidation to form six principal metabolites in humans. In vitro metabolism by human liver microsomes and recombinant enzymes is primarily mediated by CYP3A4 and UGT1A9. Three major oxidation products and three major glucuronides have been identified in vivo. Metabolism by rats is mostly by oxidation whereas metabolism by monkeys and humans is mostly by glucuronidation. Metabolism by monkeys closely resembles metabolism by humans and all metabolites found in humans are also found in monkeys. A greater diversity of metabolites has been identified among human in vivo specimens than among in vitro reaction products. Following oral dosing of humans with 14C-bexagliflozin, the 3′-O-glucuronide contributed 32% of the parent AUC and all other metabolites contributed <10%. Of the 91.6% of input radioactivity recovered, 51.1% was in faeces, predominantly as bexagliflozin, and 40.5% was in urine, largely as the 3′-O-glucuronide. Unidentified metabolites contributed 0.27% of the input radiolabel. A quantitative accounting for the metabolism and disposition of bexagliflozin in vivo has been developed.
Least squares support vector machine method for load identification of nonlinear system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In order to eliminate the dependence of load identification problem on the prior knowledge of current mechanical system, least squares support vector machine was applied to identify the inverse model of nonlinear system, and then based on this inverse model operational responses were adopted to determine real time excitation force. A nonlinear system was applied to conduct the simulation and calculate the steady and unsteady input force in this paper to verify the validity of the proposed method. Simulation results reveal that least squares support vector machine is able to identify reliable inverse model of nonlinear system and then reconstruct accurate real time excitation force. According to the present approach, a small quantity of training samples is needed rather than complete knowledge of the mathematical model and parameters of nonlinear system, so this approach can be extended to engineering application.
High-Quality Securitizations

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The proposed label for high-quality securitizations (HQS), also known as simple, transparent, and standard securitizations, emerged from European private-sector efforts to label new securitizations as having been originated in accordance with a common set of agreed criteria representing industry best practice, distinct from past underwriting practices that were giving securitization a bad reputation. The goal behind this movement is for securitizations that merit this label to receive less onerous regulatory capital and liquidity treatment in addition to other benefits. There is more momentum behind these efforts in Europe than in the United States. HQS is a strong concept but still lacks a concrete definition. It would best be established as a global standard, but complications arise from differing regulations and policy goals among jurisdictions. Even if a set of standards is agreed across jurisdictions, there is still debate over who—for example, issuers, investors, or regulators—should determine whether a particular securitization qualifies for the label. And there are still a number of asset classes effectively excluded from HQS. Nonetheless, implementation of some form of HQS-type label over the next several years seems likely. TOPICS:Technical analysis, legal and regulatory issues for structured finance
DENTAL STATUS OF ТEN YEAR OLD CHILDREN OF THE CITY OF SMOLENSK

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The aim of our study was to compare the prevalence and intensity of dental caries in children, the prevalence of dental anomalies in children aged 10 years, which were carried out preventive examinations in 2015, 2016 and 2017. From 01.01.2018 year came into force the new order of Ministry of health of the Russian Federation About carrying out of preventive medical examinations of minors No. 514н, according to which the dentist is part of the medical Commission. In children aged ten years, the prevalence of caries of temporary teeth increased from 73,3% in 2016 to 67,9% in 2017, in 2015 - 66,6% (р>0,05). The intensity of caries was 1.4 in 2017 less than in 2016 (1,6) and in 2015 (1,7) (p>0.05). Preventive examinations of children allow timely detection of existing dental pathology and assess the effectiveness of dental care.
Bilateral Force Comparisons during a Demi-Plié Relevé Movement in Ballet Dance

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

PURPOSE: Ballet dance is unique in that the physical performance must not interfere with the artistry of the movement, which makes bilateral balance in any ballet movement most important. Ballet dancers tend to favour one leg and ankle over another during different movements when the movements are supposed to be completed as symmetrical as possible (Lin et al., 2014). The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in left/right ground reaction forces (GRF) during a Demi-Plié Relevé movement before and after training in beginner level ballet dance program. METHODS: Twenty-one college ballet students (2 males and 19 females; weight = 692.4 ± 125.5 N) performed three sets of eight Demi-Plié Relevé movements at the beginning (pre-test) and end (post-test) of a 15-week beginning ballet class. The participants trained in class for an average of 2.5 hours per week. Participants performed the Demi-Plié Relevé with each foot placed on a separate force platform (AMTI) to isolate GRFs associated with each foot. The peak vertical GRFs were analyzed for 16 of 24 movements. For each individual, an average peak difference was calculated between the left and right foot. The left/right peak vertical GRF differences were compared. RESULTS: The average pretest difference was 72.1 ± 63.3 N, while the posttest difference was 37.9 ± 45.4 N. Pre-test differences ranged between 6.1 and 203.7 N, while post-test differences ranged between 0.4 and 82.2 N. A statistically significant difference between pre- and post-test was found (t(20) = 2.44, p =0.024). There was a moderate effect size (d-value = 0.53). CONCLUSION: Bilateral GRF differences in the pre-test accounted for 10% of body weight and were reduced to 5% in the post-test. It is noted that those subjects with small initial differences did not improve much, while those with large differences improved significantly. Results suggest that with proper instruction, ballet dancers can improve the symmetry of force production in a Demi-Plié Relevé movement.
A Comparative Study of Observe Fasting and Non-Fasting Female Students on their Anxiety Level

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

AbstractThis is a comparative study of observe fasting and non-fasting female students on their anxiety level. In this study 40 female participant were taken by non-probability of purposive sampling. Twenty female students who observed fasting in a week between the age of 18-25 and 20 female students who didn’t observe fast between the same age group. Sinha’s Comprehensive Anxiety test is prepared by A.K.P. Sinha and L. N. K. Sinha. It was administrated on both groups, and then data was analyzed by t-test. It was observed that significant level of the t-test is 0.02 and 0.05 it shows that there is significant difference between observe fasting and nonfasting female students on their anxiety level.
Quality Loss Function - Common Methodology for Nominal-The-Best, Smaller-The-Better, and Larger-The-Better Cases

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The quality loss function developed by Dr. Genichi Taguchi considers three cases including nominal-the-best, smaller-the-better, and larger-the-better. The methodology used to deal with the larger-the-better case is slightly different from that for the smaller-the-better and nominal-the-better cases. This paper attempts to bring about similarity among the three cases by introducing a term called the “target-mean ratio” and proposing a common formula for all three cases. The “target-mean ratio” can take different values to represent all three cases to bring about consistency and simplify the model. Also, it eliminates the assumption of target performance at infinite level and brings the model closer to reality. Characteristics such as efficiency, coefficient of performance (COP), and percent nondefective are presently not larger-the-better characteristics due to the assumption of target performance at infinity and the subsequent necessary derivation of the formulae. These characteristics can also be brought under the category of the larger-the-better characteristics. A hypothetical example of the efficiency of a machine is discussed to illustrate that the efficiency of any piece of equipment can also be considered as a larger-the-better characteristic. A graph illustrating the relationship between the “target-mean ratio” and quality loss is also presented.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Another example has been presented to suggest subtle differences between both methodologies.</div>
SYSTEMIC KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT: DEVELOPING A MODEL FOR MANAGING ORGANISATIONAL ASSETS FOR STRATEGIC AND SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract: Intellectual capital and knowledge have been explored and pursued along varied dimensions particularly from the early ‘90s, when the world saw a sudden surge towards recognition of these resources as valuable, intangible assets. However, knowledge and its management were still thought to be focused primarily on artificial intelligence, databases and corporate intranets. Lately, there has been a growing inclination towards both its technological as well as the social connotations. This has led to the treatment of the management of knowledge in a more ‘systemic ’ fashion, rather than considering it an isolated and discrete constituent of managing intangible assets. This paper explores the ‘systems’ concept and looks at the dynamic interactions between all types of organisational assets: financial, tangible, and intangible. Following the definition of systems, the concepts of their wholeness and synergetic effects are discussed. Major types and classes of systems are then identified, followed by a detailed discussion of the key characteristics of the ‘social-systemic organisation’, as well as systems thinking and practice in organisations. Knowledge and its management being the focus of this study, a model based on systems thinking and practice in organisations is developed and elucidated. This model endeavours to include the social as well as technological implications along with the subsystems, parts, and elements of the entire organisational system which have to be considered in an attempt to effectively manage knowledge in a more holistic manner, rather than treating it as a secluded and disconnected function. Prior to conclusion, the model is further exemplified by a practical illustration using an organisation that employs such a model to manage its intangible assets.
Characterization of metal binding peptides from cadmium resistant plant cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The majority of the cellular cadmium (<80%) in cadmium resistant Datura innoxia cells is bound to a small, metal induced peptide which is not metallothionein. This peptide consists of glutamate, cysteine and glycine in a ratio between 2:2:1 and 3:3:1 and has an apparent molecular weight of 776, under denaturing conditions. It is heat stable and complexes with cadmium to produce multimeric forms which are separable by gel filtration. Chemical analyses suggest that some amino acids are not joined by classical peptide linkages. This indicates that the synthesis of the peptide may not be directed by mRNA and that induction of its synthesis may not involve increased transcription from a putative gene corresponding directly to this peptide. A smaller proportion (>15%) of the cellular cadmium is bound to a larger compound which is also heat stable and binds copper more readily than cadmium in vivo. This larger compound has an amino acid composition similar, in some respects, to metallothioneins. 22 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab.
Conventional Pap Smears for Identification of Infectious Organisms (Trichomonas vaginalis, Gardnerella vaginalis and Candida albicans) among Patients Attending University College Hospital, Ibadan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), Candida albicans (CA) and Gardnerella vaginalis (GV) among women who had Pap smear screening at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: A total of 450 Pap smears were retrieved from the archives and re-examined under the microscope to check for the following organisms; Trichomonas vaginalis (Cannon ball cells), Gardnerella vaginalis (clue cells) and Candida albicans. Results: It was revealed that 8(1.8%) were positive to CA; 2(0.4%) to TV while 27(6%) cases were positive to GV. A case of GV and TV co-infection and 3 cases of GV and CA co-infection were observed. Conclusion: Pap smear screening can be used in the diagnosis of some infections. The age groups of 36-45 years and 46-55years had the highest prevalence rate of G. vaginalis; C. albicans and T. vaginalis.
Aggregation‐Induced Electrochemiluminescence of Carboranyl Carbazoles in Aqueous Media

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The aggregation‐induced electrochemiluminescence (AIECL) of carboranyl carbazoles in aqueous media was investigated for the first time. Quantum yields, morphologies, and particle sizes were observed to determine the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) performance of these aggregated organic dots (ODs). All compounds exhibit much higher ECL stability and intensity than the carborane‐free compound, demonstrating the essential role of the carboranyl motif. Moreover, the results of cyclic voltammetry (CV) suggest that oxidation/reduction reactions take place at the carboranyl motif. The excited states of ODs were proposed to be generated by the mechanism of surface state transitions. More importantly, these compounds show a reductive–oxidative mechanism in contrast to other organic materials that show oxidative–reductive mechanisms. Our experiments and data have established the relation between AIE organic structures and ECL properties that has a strong potential for biological and diagnostic applications.
Non-contact fluorescence tomography using a cone-beam CT surgical guidance system

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Intraoperative visualization of molecular processes delineated by fluorescence contrast agents offers the potential for increased surgical precision and better patient outcomes. To exploit fully the clinical potential for targeted fluorescence guidance, there is a growing need to develop high-resolution, quantitative imaging systems suitable for surgical use. Diffuse optical fluorescence tomography (DOFT) systems in pre-clinical and diagnostic imaging applications have demonstrated improvements in fluorescence quantification with the addition of a priori data from structural imaging modalities (e.g., MR, CT). Here, we investigate the use of a cone-beam CT (CBCT) surgical guidance system to generate spatial priors for intraoperative DOFT. Imaging and localization data is incorporated directly into a finite element method DOFT implementation (NIRFAST) at multiple stages. First, CBCT data from an intraoperative flat-panel C-arm is used to generate tetrahedral meshes. Second, optical tracking of laser and camera devices enables an adaptable non-contact DOFT approach to accommodate various anatomical sites and acquisition geometries. Finally, anatomical segmentations from CBCT are included in the optical reconstruction process using Laplacian-type regularization ("soft spatial priors"). Calibration results showed that light rays between the tissue surface and navigated optical devices were mapped with sub-millimeter accuracy. Liquid phantom experiments determined the improvements in quantification of fluorescence yield, with errors of 85% and <20% for no priors and spatial priors, respectively. CBCT-DOFT fusion in a VX2-tumor rabbit model delineated contrast enhancement using a dual CT/optical liposomal nanoparticle. These developments motivate future translation and evaluation in an ongoing CBCT-guided head and neck surgery patient study.
Development of a LC-MS/MS method for the estimation of clinofibrate in human urine.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A highly sensitive and rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the determination of clinofibrate in human urine. The analyte and IS were extracted through a simple protein precipitation by the mixture of acetonitrile and 1 mol/L hydrochloric acid (95:5, v/v) and separated on an Inspire C18 (150 mm x 4.6 mm I.D., 5 μm particle size) column using isocratic elution with methanol and water containing 0.1% formic acid and 10 mM ammonium acetate (90:10, v/v). Mass spectrometric detection was performed in electrospray positive ionization MRM mode. The mass transition was m/z 486.3-->175.0 for clinofibrate and m/z 361.1-->233.1 for IS, respectively. The flow rate was 0.6 mL/min and the column oven temperature was set at 35 °C. The total run time was 6.5 min. Good linear relationships were obtained for all analytes over the concentrations ranging of 0.1002-10.02 μg/mL (r2 = 0.9991) and the limit of quantification was 0.1002 μg/mL. The extraction recovery was larger than 87.4% and intra- and inter-batch precision and accuracy with RSD were all less than 6.5%. The total amount of unchanged clinofibrate excreted in urine was less than 0.34%. This method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of clinofibrate in human urine.
Effect of Palm Kernel Meal and Malic Acid on Rumen Characteristics of Growing Naemi Lambs Fed Total Mixed Ration

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of malic acid and 20% palm kernel meal (PKM) on ruminal characteristics. A total of 32 growing lambs were randomly distributed into control (barley and alfalfa ha), total mixed ration (T1), TMR + 20% PKM (T2), TMR + PKC 20% + 4 mL/day malic acids (T3). Lambs were fed these diets ad libitum for 84 days. The results showed that propionic acid in the rumen fluid increased significantly (p < 0.05) in T1 and T3. Lactic acid concentration of rumen fluid increased significantly (p < 0.05) in T2 while the pH increased significantly. The coloration of rumen and reticulum was improved in T3. In addition, most of the histomorphological features were higher in T3 and T2. We concluded that the addition of malic acid supplementation to lambs fed PKC caused a significant improvement in the rumen pH and decreased lactic acid concentration in growing Naemi lambs.
Fundus Autofluorescence Imaging in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) is a noninvasive imaging technology that provides information on the distribution of lipofuscin within the retinal pigment epithelial cells. Progressive accumulation of lipofuscin within retinal pigment epithelial cells is involved in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Fundus autofluorescence imaging using a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope is a useful technique to identify high-risk characteristics in patients with nonexudative AMD. It gives also some valuable knowledge and clues in differantial diagnosis of exudative age-related macular degeneration. This review comprises an introduction to fundus autofluorescence, a review of FAF imaging in AMD, and the recent classification of geographic atrophy (GA) and early AMD phenotypes by the Fundus Autofluorescence in Age-related Macular Degeneration Study. The association of phenotype and atrophy progression and choroidal neovascularization development are also summarized.