jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Fungal endophytes Fusarium solani SGGF14 and Alternaria tenuissima SGGF21 enhance the glycyrrhizin production by modulating its key biosynthetic genes in licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Aims To identify promising fungal endophytes that are able to produce glycyrrhizin and enhance it in licorice and the mechanisms involved. Methods and results Fifteen fungal endophytes were isolated from Glycyrrhiza glabra L. rhizomes among which SGGF14 and SGGF21 isolates were found to produce glycyrrhizin by 4.29 and 2.58 µg g−1 dry weight in the first generation of their culture. These isolates were identified as Fusarium solani and Alternaria tenuissima, respectively, based on morphological characteristics and sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer, TEF1, ATPase, and CAL regions. Subsequently, G. glabra plants were inoculated with these fungal isolates to examine their effect on glycyrrhizin production, plant growth parameters and the expression of key genes involved in glycyrrhizin pathway: SQS1, SQS2, bAS, CAS, LUS, CYP88D6, and CYP72A154. Endophytes were able to enhance glycyrrhizin content by 133%–171% in the plants. Natural control (NC) plants, harboring all natural endophytes, had better growth compared to SGGF14- and SGGF21-inoculated and endophyte-free (EF) plants. Expression of SQS1, SQS2, CYP88D6, and CYP72A154 was upregulated by inoculation with endophytes. LUS and CAS were downregulated after endophyte inoculation. Expression of bAS was higher in SGGF21-inoculated plants when compared with NC, EF, and SGGF14-inoculated plants. Conclusions Two selected fungal endophytes of G. glabra can produce glycyrrhizin and enhance glycyrrhizin content in planta by modulating the expression of key genes in glycyrrhizin biosynthetic pathway.
MICROLEAKAGE EVALUATION OF THREE GLASS IONOMER CEMENTS USED IN CHILDREN: IN-VITRO STUDY

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To assess in-vitro the marginal adaptation of three types of glass ionomer cements in in class V primary molars. Materials and Methods:The sample included thirty sound exfoliated or extracted primary molars for orthodontic purpose.The teeth were divided into 3 equal groups of 10 teeth each according to the type of the restorative material used.Group I were restored with ceramic reinforced glass ionomer, group II were restored with resin modified glass ionomer and group III were restored with conventional glass ionomer.After thermocycling, the teeth were immersed in 2% methylene blue solution for 24 hours, then they were sectioned buccolingually.The extent of dye penetration was detected using a stereomicroscope.Results: Ceramic reinforced glass ionomer showed the lowest mean microleakage value at both occlusal and gingival margins as compared to the other two groups with statistically significant difference.No statistically significant difference in the mean microleakage was recorded between the resin modified and conventional glass ionomers Conclusion: Ceramic reinforced glass ionomer revealed the highest sealing ability in class V primary molars when compared to the resin modified and conventional glass ionomer cements.
Rule - and role-retreat: an empirical study of procedures and resilience

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

To manage complex and dynamic socio-technical systems places demands on teams to deal with a range of more and less foreseeable situations. Three groups of participants with different maritime experiences were studied using the same simulation of a ship to better understand the role of generic competencies (e.g. information management, communication and coordination, decision making, and effect control) play in such high-demand situations. Groups with moderate maritime experience were able to balance contextual knowledge with use of generic competencies to successfully manage unexpected and escalating situations. Novices, lacking contextual knowledge, performed less well. Groups with the most maritime expertise remained committed to presumed procedures and roles and did not perform as well as the other two groups. The results suggest that training to operate complex socio-technical systems safely and effectively should go beyond procedures and include development of generic competencies. This could provide operators with better tools to enhance organizational resilience in unexpected and escalating situations. 2009. SEECMAR.
Progress in juvenile hormone synthesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Juvenile hormones(JHs)are a group of sesquterpenoids synthesized via the mevalonic acid pathway.This review summarized all enzymes involved in the JH synthesis pathway at the molecular level with the ubiquitous JH Ⅲ in insects as example.Furthermore,it introduced two key enzymes:3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase and juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase in detail.In addition,from the silkworm database(http://silkworm.genomics.org.cn),most genes encoding enzymes in the JH synthesis pathway were predicted.Finally,the regulatory meachism of JH synthesis was discussed and its research direction predicted.
What can we learn from more recent (and more 'rigorous') economic impact assessments of integrated pest management farmer field schools (IPM-FFS)?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Based on results from the 15 'medium risk of bias' studies (and statistical 'meta-analysis' techniques of results from these studies), Waddington et al. (2014) concluded that Integrated Pest Management Farmer Field Schools (IPM-FFS) are generally effective in improving intermediate economic outcomes for participating farmers in smaller-scale programmes. On average, IPM-FFS programmes in these studies were shown to provide the following: a 39% reduction in insecticide use (i.e. based on an environmental impact quotient), a 13% increase in yields and a 19% increase in net revenues (or profits). However, these economic impacts are only found in smaller-scale programmes, and were not observed for IPM-FFS programmes that were scaled up to the national level. In addition, based on two studies that compared the benefits and costs of IPM-FFS programmes, Waddington et al. (2014) also indicated that IPM-FFS approaches are unlikely to be a cost-effective method for extending complex IPM information. In light of this comprehensive review by Waddington et al. (2014), the objective of this chapter is to 'build on' this previous work and examine more recent (e.g. 2012-16) economic impact evaluation studies of FFS (i.e. those not included in the Waddington et al. 2014 study). In particular, the focus is on recent economic impact studies that utilized 'more rigorous' evaluation techniques that account for selection issues/bias (i.e. 'medium-' to 'low-risk of bias'), especially those studies that utilized quasi-experimental techniques and/or fully experimental RCT approaches to evaluating FFS interventions. The chapter aims to determine if there are new and additional insights from these more recent and more 'rigorous' 2012-16 studies that were not captured in the systematic review by Waddington et al. (2014). It is also interested in whether these more recent studies followed some of the recommendations coming out of the Waddington et al. (2014) paper. Lastly, this chapter hope to provide some recommendations that are directly relevant to entomologists and other scientists developing IPM practices, IPM-FFS programmes, and other educational programmes promoting the use and diffusion of this pest control strategy.
Power distribution system reliability practical methods and applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A practical, hands-on approach to power distribution system As power distribution systems age, the frequency and duration of consumer interruptions will increase significantly. Now more than ever, it is crucial for students and professionals in the electrical power industries to have a solid understanding of designing the reliable and cost-effective utility, industrial, and commercial power distribution systems needed to maintain life activities (e.g., computers, lighting, heating, cooling, etc.). This books fills the void in the literature by providing readers with everything they need to know to make the best design decisions for new and existing power distribution systems, as well as to make quantitative vs. reliability trade-off studies. Topical coverage includes: Engineering economics Reliability analysis of complex network configurations Designing into industrial and commercial power systems Application of zone branch methodology Equipment outage statistics Deterministic planning criteria Customer interruption for cost models for load-point assessment Isolation and restoration procedures And much more Each chapter begins with an introduction and ends with a conclusion and a list of references for further reading. Additionally, the book contains actual utility and industrial power system design problems worked out with real examples, as well as additional problem sets and their solutions. Power Distribution System Reliability is essential reading for practicing engineers, researchers, technicians, and advanced undergraduate and graduate students in electrical power industries.
Evaluating service quality: a comparison of diaries with direct observation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Structured diaries describing the activity of three people with mental handicaps were kept by direct‐care staff and compared with results of simultaneous direct observation using five‐second momentary time‐sampling. Item‐by‐item agreement on main activity in five‐minute time blocks ranged from 41 to 72 per cent. Even averaged across three‐hour sessions substantial inaccuracy remained. These results suggest great caution is needed in using diaries as a source of evaluative data.
Combined Use of H2SO4 and SO2 Impregnation for Steam Pretreatment of Spruce in Ethanol Production

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Fuel ethanol can be produced from softwood through hydrolysis in an enzymatic process. Prior to enzymatic hydrolysis of the softwood, pretreatment is necessary. In this study, two-step steam pretreatment employing dilute H2SO4 impregnation in the first step and SO2 impregnation in the second step, to improve the overall sugar and ethanol yield, was investigated. The first pretreatment step was performed under conditions of low severity (180°C, 10 min, 0.5% H2SO4) to optimize the amount of hydrolyzed hemicellulose. In the second step, the washed solid material from the first pretreatment step was impregnated with SO2 and pretreated under conditions of higher severity to make the cellulose more accessible to enzymatic attack, as well as to hydrolyze a portion of the cellulose. A wide range of conditions was used in the second step to determine the most favorable combination. The temperatures investigated were between 190 and 230°C, the residence times were 2, 5, and 10 min; and the SO2 concentration was 3%. The effect of pretreatment was assessed by both enzymatic hydrolysis of the solids and by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of the whole slurry, after the second pretreatment step. For each set of pretreatment conditions, the liquid fraction was also fermented to determine any inhibitory effects. Ethanol yield using the SSF configuration reached 66% of the theoretical value for pretreatment conditions in the second step of 210°C and 5 min. The sugar yield using the separate hydrolysis and fermentation configuration reached 71% for pretreatment conditions of 220°C and 5 min.
Edukasi fenomena Geologi Gua Warak dan Gua Macan Putih untuk pengembangan potensi Geowisata di Kota Metro

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The condition of the Covid-19 pandemic that has occurred since the beginning of 2020 has paralyzed tourism activities in Metro City, Lampung Province. One of the affected tourist objects is the Warak Cave and the Macan Putih Cave, which are located in Tejosari Village, East Metro District. The development of tourist attractions which began to squirm since 2018 was paralyzed due to the outbreak. Entering the new normal era, it can be used as a momentum to introduce the concept of geotourism in Tejosari Village so that the development of tourist objects becomes more attractive in attracting tourists. The method used in this service activity is by direct observation in the field regarding geological conditions which are then disseminated to the community around the cave and to the managers of tourist attractions. The effort made by the service team is to provide counseling about the concept of geotourism and the efforts that can be made to optimize the tourism potential around the cave. The results obtained from this activity are an increase in public knowledge about geological conditions and the concept of geotourism.
Effect of Atmospheric Oxygen Concentration on Germination of Three Species of Weedy Morningglory Using a Glass Vessel for Gas Replacement

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

水田転換畑で問題となっている帰化アサガオ類の発芽に及ぼす気相酸素濃度の影響を明らかにするために，アルゴンガスで気相を置換する簡易な発芽試験法によって発芽試験を試みた．本法では，酸素濃度0％を想定した処理区の酸素濃度は，実測値で0.62％であり，完全嫌気条件は設定できなかった．想定した酸素濃度 （0，1，5，10，20％） 条件下では，マメアサガオ （Ipomoea lacunosa L.） は，いずれの濃度設定区でも比較的高い発芽率を示し，ホシアサガオ （I. triloba L.） は，0％区においても30％の発芽率を示した．一方，マルバアメリカアサガオ （I. hederacea （L.） Jacq. var. integriuscula A. Gray） は，対照として供試したダイズ品種フクユタカと同様に，0％区と1％区では発芽が著しく抑制された．置床4日目における幼根長および下胚軸長については，マルバアメリカアサガオではダイズと同様に酸素濃度の低下に伴う抑制が顕著であった．以上のように，帰化アサガオ類の酸素低濃度条件における発芽特性には種間差があることが明らかになった．また，今回用いた簡易ガス置換法は，作物の湿害を理解する際の酸素低濃度条件における簡易な発芽試験法として利用できることが示された．
Surface Modification of Chitosan Films‐Grafting Ethylene Glycol Oligomer and Its Effect on Protein Adsorption

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This work is a part of a series on surface modification of materials made of chitosan. This report focused on grafting monomethoxy ethylene glycol oligomers (mPEG) on the surface of chitosan films. The chemical reactions were performed by immersing the films in organic solvent containing aldehyde derivative of mPEG. The presence of ethylene glycol moieties was determined by attenuated total reflectance‐infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The hydrophobicity of the modified surface, determined by air‐water contact angle, decreased when the ethylene glycol derivatives were grafted on the film. The modified films were also subjected to protein adsorption study in order to assess their uses in biomedical applications. It was found that the presence of ethylene glycol units reduced the adsorption of proteins (albumin and lysozyme) on the films. We therefore have shown that manipulation of the interaction between chitosan and bio‐macromolecules is possible by chemically modifying the surface of chitosan.
Joint protection behavior in patients with rheumatoid arthritis following an education program a pilot study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose. Joint protection (JP) education is a common feature in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment programs. However, no objective studies have been published demonstrating patients' behavior changes following such education. This study evaluated whether RA patients' hand movement patterns altered following a JP education program. Methods. An assessment procedure was constructed to assess application of four JP principles related to altering patterns of hand use during common everyday activities (making a hot drink and snack meal). Results. Eleven RA patients were assessed. There was no significant behavioral change at 6 weeks post‐JP education (t = 10; P > 0.1). In contrast, follow‐up interviews of self‐perceived JP behavior showed all subjects considered JP relevant for them and seven believed they had changed to using these techniques. Conclusions. This suggests education led to attitudi‐nal change but that behavioral change requires longer and more targeted input than is currently normally provided.
Roles of the Liver and Appendix in the Serum Hemolysin Response in Rabbits

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary The roles of the liver and appendix in the serum hemolysin response in rabbits immunized with one or more injections of sheep erythrocyte stromata were studied. The effects of extirpation of these organs were observed both in the presence and absence of the spleen. Antibody titers were determined photometrically in 50% hemolysin units, and the serum hemolysin response was analyzed with respect to the lengths of the latent period and rise to peak titer, day and magnitude of peak titer, and rates of hemolysin rise and decline. Using this approach, no antibody contribution by the appendix or liver to the serum hemolysin response was detected. These organs apparently were inactive even after repeated injections of antigen which overrode the depressive effect of splenectomy by inducing increased nonsplenic activity. Changes in the hemolysin response observed following immunization via the portal vein and in partially hepatectomized animals injected via the ear vein could be attributed to the liver's capacity to remove significant amounts of antigen from the circulation. Increased disappearance rates of passively transferred hemolytic antiserum in partially hepatectomized and liver-irradiated rabbits suggest that the regenerating or recovering liver catabolizes antibody faster.
PERBEDAAN TANAMAN MELATI AIR (Echinodorus paleafolius) DAN KIAMBANG (Salvinia natans) SEBAGAI FITOREMEDIASI DALAM PROSES PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR LAUNDRY

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Laundry waste that is directly discharged into the environment can cause environmental pollution. Seeing this condition, of course it is necessary to strive for an environmental mitigation engineering system, so it is necessary to find an alternative treatment that is easy, inexpensive and effective in its application. The research aims to examine the ability of these aquatic plants to reduce phosphate, BOD, COD, TSS, temperature and pH content in laundry wastewater treatment using phytoremediation. The type of research used is experimental research that is to see the relationship between water jasmine and kiambang plants as phytoremediation in the process of laundry wastewater treatment. Data analysis using ANOVA analysis and different test. The results showed that there were significant differences in the parameters of BOD5, COD, TSS and Pospat (PO4) in water jasmine (Echinodorus paleafolius) and Kiambang (Salvinia natans) plants as phytoremediation in the laundry wastewater treatment process
Molecular Species Composition of Phosphatidylcholine Isolated from Chum Salmon Meat Oil

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) meat oil contained high amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) compared to oils extracted from other tissues of the fish. EPA and DHA occupied more than 25% of the total fatty acids in chum salmon meat oil. The main lipid classes in the meat oil were triacylglycerides and phospholipids. The major fatty acids of the molecular species composition of phosphatidylcholine isolated from the meat oil were DHA and EPA. DHA and EPA were the major molecular species in the phosphatidylcholine of chum salmon meat oil, representing 44% and 17%, respectively.
Beamspace Channel Estimation for Wideband Millimeter-Wave MIMO: A Model-Driven Unsupervised Learning Approach

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications have been one of the promising technologies for future wireless networks that integrate a wide range of data-demanding applications. To compensate for the large channel attenuation in mmWave band and avoid high hardware cost, a lens-based beamspace massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system is considered. However, the beam squint effect in wideband mmWave systems makes channel estimation very challenging, especially when the receiver is equipped with a limited number of radio-frequency (RF) chains. Furthermore, the real channel data cannot be obtained before the mmWave system is used in a new environment, which makes it impossible to train a deep learning (DL)-based channel estimator using real data set beforehand. To solve the problem, we propose a model-driven unsupervised learning network, named learned denoising-based generalized expectation consistent (LDGEC) signal recovery network. By utilizing the Stein's unbiased risk estimator loss, the LDGEC network can be trained only with limited measurements corresponding to the pilot symbols, instead of the real channel data. Even if designed for unsupervised learning, the LDGEC network can be supervisingly trained with the real channel via the denoiser-by-denoiser way. The numerical results demonstrate that the LDGEC-based channel estimator significantly outperforms state-of-the-art compressive sensing-based algorithms when the receiver is equipped with a small number of RF chains and low-resolution ADCs.
Multiculturalism beyond citizenship: The inclusion of non-citizens

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article questions multiculturalism’s reliance on citizenship as a default condition of inclusion. While agreeing with multiculturalists that there are groups within the citizenry who are excluded from citizenship rights on the basis of their cultural background, this article highlights the misrecognition of non-citizens that is yet unaccounted for by Anglophone theories of multiculturalism where eligibility to multicultural rights-claiming hinges on the condition of formal citizenship. The status of non-citizenship affects conceptions of ‘difference’ where representations of cultural ‘otherness’ are compounded by the ‘foreignness’ of non-citizens. Frameworks of multicultural citizenship entail recognition through group-specific rights, but only for citizens, in so doing excluding the needs and rights of non-citizens. The assumption made by multiculturalists is that citizenship is a condition of multicultural rights and/or recognition despite scenarios where non-citizens may not desire the citizenship of their host country, or the idea of ‘belonging’ it is attached to. Appealing to multiculturalist principles and the neo-republican notion of non-domination, I argue that multiculturalism as a theory can challenge the limitations of citizenship by expanding its compass to include non-citizens as multicultural subjects.