jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of genetic diversity among the genus Viola by RAPD markers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The genetic diversity among the genus Viola was evaluated using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method. A total of 142 distinct amplification fragments by 18 random primers were scored to perform the cluster analysis with UPGMA. Viola species from the subsection Patellares were clustered into group I to IV. The groups from I to IV were consistent with its morphological taxonomy, series Pinnatae, Chinensis, Variegatae, and Patellares in the subsection Patellares, respectively. Even though V. albida and V. albida var. takahasii were classified inChinensis, theywere assigned into group I. The cluster analysis separated other subsections fromPatellares in the section Nomimium. Interestingly, V. verecunda and V. grypoceras in subsections Biobatae and Trigonocarpae, respectively, were clustered into group Cwith a high similarity coefficient. Therefore, RAPDanalysis can be used for providing an alternative classification systemto identify genotypes and morphological characters of Viola species.
Value of Candida polymerase chain reaction and vaginal cytokine analysis for the differential diagnosis of women with recurrent vulvovaginitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives Recurrent vulvovaginitis remains difficult to diagnose accurately and to treat. The present investigation evaluated the utility of testing vaginal specimens from women with symptomatic recurrent vulvovaginitis for Candida species by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and for cytokine responses. Methods Sixty-one consecutive symptomatic women with pruritus, erythema, and/or a thick white discharge and a history of recurrent vulvovaginitis and 31 asymptomatic women with no such history were studied. Vaginal swabs were tested for Candida species by PCR, for the antiinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10, and for the proinflammatory cytokine IL-12. Results C. albicans was detected in 19 (31.1%) of the patients as well as in three (9.7%) controls (P = 0.03). Both IL-10 (31.1% vs. 0%) and IL-12 (42.6% vs. 6.5%) were also more prevalent in the recurrent vulvovaginitis patients (P < 0.001). However, there was no relation between the presence or absence of Candida and either cytokine. Detection of IL-12 in 14 women indicated the stimulation of a vaginal cell-mediated immune response possibly from an infectious agent. The presence of only IL-10 in six patients indicated a suppression of vaginal cell-mediated immunity and was consistent with a possible allergic etiology. The absence of both IL-10 and IL-12 in other patients, similar to that found in healthy controls, suggested a noninfectious, nonallergic etiology of their symptoms. Conclusion Many women with recurrent vulvovaginitis are not infected with Candida. Testing for Candida should be required in this population. Treatment with only anti-Candida medication will clearly be inadequate for the majority of women with this condition. Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gynecol. 8:244–247, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Rapid and precise measurements of radon in water using a pulsed ionization chamber

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Radon‐in‐air monitor (RAD7, Durridge Co.) has been widely used to measure 222 Rn in water samples. RAD7 measures 222 Rn via 218 Po + ( t 1/2 = 3.1 min), which is electrically attracted to a silicon alpha detector. In this study, a new method was developed for measuring 222 Rn in water samples by modifying a commercially available pulsed ionization chamber (PIC, FT‐Lab Co.). The PIC detects and amplifies the electric pulses generated by microspace charges produced by 222 Rn decay. Two passive PICs (volume: 2 × 400 mL) were combined and modified to form an active system (named Rn‐SNU) that continuously circulates air (~ 1 L min −1 ). Rn‐SNU is approximately seven to nine times more efficient than RAD7 and does not necessitate a delay of ~ 15 min to reach radioactive equilibrium between 222 Rn and 218 Po + . However, RAD7 is more accurate in discriminating 222 Rn daughters, 218 Po + and 214 Po + . In this study, 222 Rn was successfully measured in coastal seawater samples using Rn‐SNU connected to a grab bottle. Our results suggest that 222 Rn measurements in water samples can be conducted more efficiently and rapidly with an Rn‐SNU than with other widely used instruments and methods.
Reversibility of cell surface label rearrangement.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cell surface labeling can cause rearrangements of randomly distributed membrane components. Removal of the label bound to the cell surface allows the membrane components to return to their original random distribution, demonstrating that label is necessary to maintain as well as to induce rearrangements. With scanning electron microscopy, the rearrangement of concanavalin A (con A) and ricin binding sites on LA-9 cells has been followed by means of hemocyanin, a visual label. The removal of con A from its binding sites at the cell surface with alpha-methyl mannoside, and the return of these sites to their original distribution are also followed in this manner. There are labeling differences with con A and ricin. Under some conditions, however, the same rearrangements are seen with both lectins. The disappearance of labeled sites from areas of ruffling activity is a major feature of the rearrangements seen. Both this ruffling activity and the rearrangement of label are sensitive to cytochalasin B, and ruffling activity, perhaps along with other cytochalasin-sensitive structure, may play a role in the rearrangements of labeled sites.
Naturalistic use of psychedelics is related to emotional reactivity and self-consciousness: the mediating role of ego-dissolution and mystical experiences

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background: Psychedelics are able to acutely alter emotional reactivity and self-consciousness. However, whether the regular naturalistic use of psychedelics can be linked to more persistent trait-level changes in these domains remains an open question.\nAim: To test the hypotheses that i) using psychedelics is related to higher positive and lower negative emotional reactivity and ii) an adaptive pattern of self-consciousness, including diminished public self-consciousness and rumination, and increased reflection and self-awareness, and iii) these relations are mediated by the intensity of past ego-dissolution and mystical experiences.\nMethod: An online survey including questions about the history of psychoactive substance use; questionnaires measuring trait-levels of emotional reactivity and self-consciousness; questionnaires for retrospective assessment of ego-dissolution and mystical experiences. Data collected from 2,516 participants (1,661 psychedelics users) were analyzed using robust linear regression and mediation analysis.\nResults: A higher number of lifetime uses of psychedelics predicted greater positive and lower negative emotional reactivity; also, in the domain of self-consciousness, it predicted greater reflection and internal state awareness, and reduced rumination tendency and public self-consciousness. Finally, the intensity of past mystical and ego-dissolution experiences mediated almost all the observed relationships between the lifetime number of psychedelics uses and psychological variables. \nConclusions: Lifetime psychedelics use predicts an adaptive pattern of trait-level emotional reactivity and self-consciousness. Ego-dissolution and mystical experiences are essential in understanding the long-lasting psychological effects of psychedelics use. Our findings might potentially explain previous observations of increased well-being in psychedelics users.
A Division of Character: From Fernando de Rojas's Celestina to Shakespearean Protagonists

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article takes into account Fernando de Rojas’s La Celestina and compare some of the core features of the homonymous protagonist with some Shakespearean characters, examples mainly taken from The Tempest and A Midsummer’s Night Dream. Although a century divides the two authors and there is no recorded evidence of a connection between them, a comparative analysis is still feasible. While it may be impossible to establish a concrete link between Shakespeare and de Rojas, it may be beneficial to consider how certain core features of Celestina are portrayed within some Shakespearean protagonists. This has much more to do with the evolution of literature itself and how its boundaries are not only fluid but also how they intertwine in many occasions amongst themselves.
Impacts of decision-making process on social justice in the infrastructure equity in Ethiopia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Equity concerns the distribution of resources and is inevitably linked with concepts of fairness and social justice. What are the decision-making processes for fair allocation of infrastructure resources and its effect on social justice in Ethiopia? The article uses structural equation modeling-partial least square software for analysis. Therefore, the article finds that there is infrastructure inequity and social injustice owing to a lack of democratic decision-making and accountability in Ethiopia. Moreover, the Ethiopian government lacks the tools and institutions that provide the foundation for good decision-making processes and democratic accountability. There also exists a low level of social cohesion in Ethiopia today. Hence, the government needs a democratic decision-making process that would bring diverse interests together and solve the lack of intergovernmental relations (IGRs) as well as the lack of democratic accountability to improve citizens’ justice in the infrastructure sector in Ethiopia. As a result, it requires a focus on regional governments’ needs, reacting to their concerns, and keeping them justified on the equitable distribution of infrastructure across regional states in the country. This will also help to save Ethiopia from bloody conflicts.Points for practitionersIn practice, the drive for public management is to increase the quality and efficiency of government-provided services. Professions in government agencies, public enterprises, and trusts that deal with policies and strategies that govern the equitable allocation and administration of public resources make up the public management and administration pathway. As a result, the most important takeaway for professionals is that creating a learning organization is a significant management strategy that public organizations must pursue in exercises.
Wiring the Binocular Visual Pathways

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) extend axons out of the retina to transmit visual information to the brain. These connections are established during development through the navigation of RGC axons along a relatively long, stereotypical pathway. RGC axons exit the eye at the optic disc and extend along the optic nerves to the ventral midline of the brain, where the two nerves meet to form the optic chiasm. In animals with binocular vision, the axons face a choice at the optic chiasm—to cross the midline and project to targets on the contralateral side of the brain, or avoid crossing the midline and project to ipsilateral brain targets. Ipsilaterally and contralaterally projecting RGCs originate in disparate regions of the retina that relate to the extent of binocular overlap in the visual field. In humans virtually all RGC axons originating in temporal retina project ipsilaterally, whereas in mice, ipsilaterally projecting RGCs are confined to the peripheral ventrotemporal retina. This review will discuss recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms regulating specification of ipsilateral versus contralateral RGCs, and the differential guidance of their axons at the optic chiasm. Recent insights into the establishment of congruent topographic maps in both brain hemispheres also will be discussed.
Training and Teaching Students and IT Professionals on High-throughput Networking and Cybersecurity Using a Private Cloud

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper describes the deployment of a private cloud and the development of virtual laboratories and companion material to teach and train engineering students and Information Technology (IT) professionals in high-throughput networks and cybersecurity. The material and platform, deployed at the University of South Carolina, are also used by other institutions to support regular academic courses, self-pace training of professional IT staff, and workshops across the country. The private cloud is used to deploy scenarios consisting of high-speed networks (up to 50 Gbps), multi-domain environments emulating internetworks, and infrastructures under cyber-attacks using live traffic. For regular academic courses, the virtual laboratories have been adopted by institutions in different states to supplement theoretical material with hands-on activities in IT, electrical engineering, and computer science programs. Topics include Local Area Networks (LANs), congestion-control algorithms, performance tools used to emulate wide area networks (WANs) and their attributes (packet loss, reordering, corruption, latency, jitter, etc.), data transfer applications for high-speed networks, queueing delay and buffer size in routers and switches, active monitoring of multi-domain systems, high-performance cybersecurity tools such as Zeek's intrusion detection systems, and others. The training platform has been also used by IT professionals from more than 30 states, for self-pace training. The material provides training on topics beyond general-purpose network, which are usually overlooked by practitioners and researchers. The virtual laboratories and companion material have also been used in workshops organized across the country. Workshops are co-organized with organizations that operate large backbone networks connecting research centers and national laboratories, and colleges and universities conducting teaching and research activities.
The role of the transcription factor zic2 as a determinant of axonal laterality in the spinal cord

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In bilaterally symmetric organisms, interhemispheric communication is essential for sensory processing and motor coordination. Failure in the proper wiring of bilateral circuits leads to the formation of aberrant connections between different parts of the nervous system which causes their malfunctions and negatively affects survival of the animal. The mechanisms that govern axon midline crossing during development have been well-studied, particularly at the spinal cord. However, the molecular program that determines axonal ipsilaterality remains poorly understood, specially at the transcriptional level. Very little is known about the role of transcription factors in the establishment of contra- versus ipsilateral projections. Here, we demonstrate that ipsilateral neurons whose axons grow in close proximity to the midline, such as the ascending dorsospinal tracts, avoid midline crossing because they transiently activate the transcription factor Zic2. In contrast, uncrossed neurons whose axons never approach to the midline control axonal laterality by Zic2-independent mechanisms. Zic2 induces EphA4 expression in dorsospinal neurons to prevent midline crossing while Robo3 is downregulated to ensure that axons enter the dorsal tracts instead of growing ventrally. Together with previous reports, our data reveal a critical role for Zic2 as a determinant of axon midline avoidance in the CNS across species and pathways.
Manganese peroxidase mRNA and enzyme activity levels during bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil with Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

mRNA extraction from soil and quantitation by competitive reverse transcription-PCR were combined to study the expression of three manganese peroxidase (MnP) genes during removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium grown in presterilized soil. Periods of high mnp transcript levels and extractable MnP enzyme activity were temporally correlated, although separated by a short (1- to 2-day) lag period. This time frame also coincided with maximal rates of fluorene oxidation and chrysene disappearance in soil cultures, supporting the hypothesis that high ionization potential polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are oxidized in soil via MnP-dependent mechanisms. The patterns of transcript abundance over time in soil-grown P. chrysosporium were similar for all three of the mnp mRNAs studied, indicating that transcription of this gene family may be coordinately regulated under these growth conditions.
Early detection of cutaneous lymphoma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cutaneous lymphomas comprise a spectrum of diseases characterized by infiltration of the skin by malignant lymphocytes. The clinical manifestations of cutaneous lymphomas vary, and they can mimic benign dermatoses, as well as nodal or visceral malignancies with cutaneous spread. Cutaneous lymphomas are divided into T-cell lymphomas and B-cell lymphomas. Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas include mycosis fungoides, Sézary syndrome, lymphomatoid papulosis, CD30+ large cell lymphoma, and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. The extent and severity of skin manifestations in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas are prognostic indicators of extracutaneous involvement. Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas comprise 10% to 25% of all primary cutaneous non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and are classified according to their cell of origin. Most cutaneous B-cell lymphomas have an indolent course and excellent prognosis when compared to their nodal counterparts. Many factors have been implicated in the etiology of cutaneous lymphomas, including chemical and drug exposures, as well as microbial agents, such as the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human T-lymphocyte virus-1 (HTLV-1), and Borrelia burgdorferi. Immunohistochemistry and lymphocyte-receptor gene rearrangement studies are useful in distinguishing malignant from benign conditions.
Alih Fungsi Pemanfaatan Lahan Di Desa Karawana Kecamatan Dolo Kabupaten Sigi

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The use of farmers' land in Karawana Village is a breakthrough that really helps farmers in increasing income. This community service activity aims to determine the transition of the function of the farmers' land from paddy fields to corn and tomato plants in Karawana Village, which is very helpful for farmers because after the earthquake and liquefaction resulted in total damage to irrigation canals which hampered the irrigation process to the rice fields. Therefore, the farmers approached the government and were given alkon tools (water suction machines) and the construction of artificial wells so that it really helped farmers, especially corn and tomato farmers, then regarding marketing management of the corn and tomato crops the farmers were able to manage. . This is very helpful in the process of increasing the income of farmers in Karawana Village
Impact of the new generation coronary care unit.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 30-bed coronary care unit with facilities for fluoroscopy, haemodynamic monitoring, mechanical heart assistance, and long-term electrocardiographic monitoring operated at a reasonable cost over five years. Much of the work was entrusted to trained nurses, and there was close consultation with cardiac surgeons over those patients who needed catheterisation or surgery. New procedures greatly reduced the numbers of early deaths from cardiac arrest and cardiac failure but had less influence on late mortality. Hospital mortality for all 3353 patients was 6-8%, and for patients under 65 with definite infarction, who were admitted direct it was 5-7%.
Synergistic Growth Inhibition of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck by Erlotinib and Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate: The Role of p53-Dependent Inhibition of Nuclear Factor-κB

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract We have previously reported that the green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and the epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib had synergistic growth-inhibitory effects in cell culture and a nude mouse xenograft model of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. However, the mechanism of their antitumor synergism is not fully understood. In the current study, we investigate the mechanism of their synergistic growth-inhibitory effects. The treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck cell lines with erlotinib time-dependently increased the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins p21 and p27 and apoptosis regulatory protein Bim. EGCG alone had very little or no effect on the expression of these proteins among the cell lines. However, simultaneous treatment with EGCG and erlotinib strongly inhibited erlotinib-induced expression of p21 and p27 without affecting the expression of Bim. Moreover, erlotinib increased the expression of p53 protein, the ablation of which by short hairpin RNA strongly inhibited EGCG- and erlotinib-mediated growth inhibition and the expression of p21, p27, and Bim. In addition, combined treatment with erlotinib and EGCG inhibited the protein level of p65 subunit of nuclear factor-κB and its transcriptional target Bcl-2, but failed to do so in cells with ablated p53. Taken together, our results, for the first time, suggest that erlotinib treatment activates p53, which plays a critical role in synergistic growth inhibition by erlotinib and EGCG via inhibiting nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway. Characterizing the underlying mechanisms of EGCG and erlotinib synergism will provide an important rationale for chemoprevention or treatment trials using this combination.
The Endoscopic Modified Lothrop Procedure for Salvage of Chronic Frontal Sinusitis after Osteoplastic Flap Failure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE While reported results utilizing the osteoplastic flap procedure are very good, some patients fail the surgery due to recurrent or persistent frontal sinus disease. This study was performed to evaluate the utility of the endoscopic modified Lothrop sinus surgery for osteoplastic flap failure. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING A retrospective chart analysis and telephone survey of 10 patients from outside our institution for whom an osteoplastic flap with fat obliteration failed were salvaged using a computerized endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure. RESULTS The main complaints were headache/pressure and recurrent infection. The usual pathology was chronic sinusitis and/or mucocele. The frontal recess and floor of the frontal sinus were the most common areas of persistent disease. Symptomatic clinical improvement was noted in more than 90% of patients. CONCLUSION Salvage endoscopic modified Lothrop sinus surgery is recommended for a limited number of traditional osteoplastic flap failures. Computerized surgical navigation may help avoid complications in situations with abnormal anatomy and previous dissection. SIGNIFICANCE The endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure should be considered to salvage failed osteoplastic flap sinus obliteration. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003;129:678‐83.)
Stochastic Quantization for the Edwards Measure of Fractional Brownian Motion with $Hd=1$

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we construct a Markov process which has as invariant measure the fractional Edwards measure based on a $d$-dimensional fractional Brownian motion, with Hurst index $H$ in the case of $Hd=1$. We use the theory of classical Dirichlet forms. However since the corresponding self-intersection local time of fractional Brownian motion is not Meyer-Watanabe differentiable in this case, we show the closability of the form via quasi translation invariance of the fractional Edwards measure along shifts in the corresponding fractional Cameron-Martin space.