jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
African Studies Association Guide to Archival and Manuscript Materials Relating to Africa in the United States

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There is an extensive documentary reflection in the United States, as yet only partially known, of American diplomatic, military, commercial, explorative, missionary, philanthropic, educational, scientific and other activities in, and contacts with, Africa over the past three and a half centuries. This vast accumulation, distributed throughout the country, has considerable research potential not only for historians of Africa and of American relations with Africa, but also for Africanists working in various social scientific disciplines. In order to bring to light and to acquaint interested American and foreign scholars with the entire broad range of Africa-related archival and manuscript materials extant in this country, the African Studies Association sought foundation support for a comprehensive descriptive guide to these materials. The Ford Foundation has awarded a grant of $54,000 to the Association for the production of the guide over a three-year period. The Archives-Libraries Committee of the Association, under the chairmanship of Dr. William A. Hance, has arranged with the Archivist of the United States for the National Archives and Records Service to assume joint responsibility with ASA for the conduct of the guide project. Morris Rieger, a senior member of the NARS staff, and as ASA Fellow, will serve as project director. The project, which began on February 1, 1964, has been placed under the immediate jurisdiction of the National Historical Publications Commission, a body, linked to NARS, of which the Archivist is Chairman. This link will give the project the valuable advantage of NHPC's close ties with archival and manuscript depositories throughout the country.
RESEARCH AND APPLICATION OF GRAFTED SEEDLINGS HEALING ROOM

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The healing of grafted seedlings is to complete the process of callus induction, differentiation and union of stock and scion. This stage is important to ensure the survival of grafted seedlings, especially for scion since the roots of scion will be removed in the vast majority grafting. The scion does not form the same type of organization with the rootstock. The two conducting tissues are not uniformly connected; thus, the scion and rootstock do not transport water and nutrients through the roots. To prevent this problem, suitable relative humidity and temperature must be provided to ensure the scion will not wilt and the healing process of grafted seedlings is properly completed. Beijing Jingpeng International Hi-Tech Corporation developed a healing room for grafted seedlings, which features an intelligent environment control system, cycle ventilation equipment, spray humidification system, CO2 fertilization equipment, lighting system, temperature control system, seedling frame, and perimeter protection. The healing room can provide a suitable artificial environment for newly grafted vegetable seedlings. The environment can be controlled based on the healing requirements of grafted seedlings through automatic control of artificial climate, including relative humidity, temperature, light, wind speed, and other environmental factors. Providing such an environment can promote callus growth, improve the survival rate of grafted seedlings, and increase the mass production of seedlings.
Thermal Switching: Instant Thermal Switching from Soft Hydrogel to Rigid Plastics Inspired by Thermophile Proteins (Adv. Mater. 4/2020)

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Polymeric hydrogels showing ultrafast modulus jump of 1800-folds by heating is achieved by Takayuki Nonoyama, Jian Ping Gong, and co-workers in article number 1905878. Like proteins in thermophiles, the hydrogels robustly dehydrate by heating due to interplay of hydrophobic and ionic interactions. The strong microscale phase separation induces vitrification to show rubbery–glassy transition by heating. The thermoreactive material is promising for applications such as sports protectors activated by frictional heat.
Interdisciplinary dentofacial therapy (IDT): a comprehensive team approach.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Modern dentistry, with its various disciplines, has an exciting and unmatched potential to enhance the overall quality of life for our patients. In this environment one of the greatest challenges for clinicians is to properly utilize this vast potential. It can be very difficult to consistently establish health and physiological occlusal relationships in patients with significant dental, periodontal, dentoalveolar, temporomandibular, and/or skeletal problems. This task is further complicated by ever-increasing patient and provider demands for results with optimal dentofacial aesthetics and long-term stability. Interdisciplinary Dentofacial Therapy (IDT) is a proven diagnostic and clinical pathway for consistently maximizing patient outcomes in these complicated areas. Within a climate of increasing scientific and technological advances in dentistry, today's dental professional must study continuously to stay abreast in one area, let alone in all of them. The responsibility to the patient, however, is to utilize fully the extensive options that the profession can provide. As stated above, a proven treatment philosophy for accomplishing this is called Interdisciplinary Dentofacial Therapy, or IDT. When properly performed, IDT can produce unparalleled professional satisfaction and camaraderie by reaching higher levels of patient care through optimal coordination of knowledge and skills in the various disciplines. In addition, IDT can consistently produce optimal treatment results while simultaneously producing profound practice management, time management and marketing benefits for practitioners. This paper briefly describes these benefits while defining the philosophies and hallmarks of IDT. It will also give insight into the implementation of IDT and why it will be even more necessary and valuable in the future than it is today.
Antioxidant activity of six Portuguese thyme species essential oils

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The essential oils of Thymus caespititius , T. camphoratus , T. capitellatus , T. carnosus , T. pulegioides , T. zygis subsp. zygis and T. zygis subsp. sylvestris collected in different regions of Portugal, including the Azores islands, were evaluated for preventing lipid peroxidation and scavenging free radicals, and hydroxyl and superoxide anions. T. zygis subsp. zygis oil possessed the best capacity for preventing lipid peroxidation (IC 50 = 0.030 ± 0.003 mg/ml), immediately followed by the oils isolated from T. zygis subsp. sylvestris collected in different regions of Portugal. IC 50 values ranged from 0.066 ± 0.003 to 0.087 ± 0.001 mg/ml in oils isolated from samples from Alcanena and Duas Igrejas, respectively. The oils isolated from T. zygis subsp. sylvestris , independent of the harvesting region, were shown to be the most effective for scavenging free radicals (0.358–0.453 mg/ml). The best capacity for scavenging hydroxyl radicals was found in the oils of T. camphoratus collected in Espartal and of T. caespititius of Lordelo, with IC 50 < 0.5 mg/ml. The low oil amount did not allow IC 50 values for the superoxide anion scavenging determination, therefore considering a unique oil concentration (5 mg/ml), the highest inhibition percentages (?50%) were registered with the essential oils of T. zygis subsp. sylvestris from Duas Igrejas and Covão do Coelho, and of T. capitellatus from Sines. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bilayer Mesh Repair for Inguinal Hernia- The Open Alternative to Laparoscopic Repairs

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: In 1999, Gilbert described the technique of using a bilayer mesh device, Prolene Hernia System (PHS) for tension free repairs of inguinal hernias through an open anterior approach. This provides an anterior, posterior and plug repair, and hence successfully covers the myopectineal orifice, the lack of which is a glaring drawback for the Lichtensteins repair. This also confers the same benefit provided by the laparoscopic hernia repairs which uses the preperitoneal space to cover this same region that is, Transabdominal Preperitoneal Patch Plasty (TAPP) and Total Extraperitoneal patch Plasty (TEP). Aim: To observe the overall outcome of using the open bi-layered dual mesh in a population of Odisha, attending a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: All patients admitted with inguinal hernias in the Department of General Surgery, Pradyumna Bal Memorial Hospital, KIMS, Odisha, India were included in the study. They all underwent the PHS bilayer mesh repair. The relevant patient specifics like, preoperative clinical findings and intra and postoperative results were noted in a master chart. Patients were followed-up for one year, and further long-term complications were noted, if any. Results: There were a total of 40 patients. The mean duration for the procedure was 61 minutes (SD-22.8) and there was no inadvertent injury. The patients were encouraged to resume all physical activities from the first postoperative day. All the patients had an uneventful recovery, with a mean hospital stay of four days. Four patients presented with seroma after one week of surgery, while 22 patients had cord oedema. Both subsided spontaneously within three weeks, without further intervention. No recurrence was noted in any of the patients. Conclusion: The PHS bilayer dual mesh repair is ideally suited for population in a low resource setting. It ensures coverage of the entire vulnerable area of groin along with a considerably shorter duration of operation, minimal risk of intraoperative injury.
al-ˀafˁāl an-nafsiyya bayn al-waṣf wa-ttanẓīr

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

En este artículo se aborda el\n\t\t\t\t estudio de los verbos de sentimiento desde una óptica descriptiva y analítica. En la primera parte se\n\t\t\t\t calsifican los verbos de sentimiento en dos categorías o campos semánticos dependiendo de una\n\t\t\t\t serie de propiedades y características. Se establece una jerarquía que gobierna la estructura y las\n\t\t\t\t propiedades léxicas de dichos verbos. También se demuestra que las extensiones semánticas encajan\n\t\t\t\t perfectamente con la jerarquía propuesta.\n\t\t\t\t En la segunda parte se señalan los dos sentidos de cada verbo: el nucelar y el idiosincrático. El\n\t\t\t\t sentido nuclear es común a los verbos del mismo campo semántico, en tanto que el sentido\n\t\t\t\t idiosincrático sirve para distinguir cada verbo de los demás verbos de su grupo. La transición del\n\t\t\t\t sentido nuclear al idiosincrático se basa en los principios de gradabilidad y extensión temporal.
Central Asia’s hydroclimate response to Heinrich events 4 and 5

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Documentation of mid-latitude hydroclimate responses to late Pleistocene North Atlanticclimate change is sparse and fragmented due to a lack of continuous and well dated\nreconstructions. Here we analyze the remote effects of Heinrich events to understand the\nrelationship between periods of North Atlantic climate changes and Central Asia’s\nprecipitation variability. We analyzed trace element, δ18O and δ13C data as proxies for\nprecipitation variability. Comparison of these proxies with climate records of northern\nhemisphere high and low latitude climate changes reveals several episodes of\nincreased precipitation over Central Asia that coincide with cooling of the northern high\nlatitude and weakening of northern hemisphere monsoon. We propose two atmospheric links\nbetween the North Atlantic and Central Asia which likely brought increased moisture to the\nregion during Heinrich events 4 and 5: the Westerly Jet and Siberian High.
A ROLE OF STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL PARTICULARITIES OF RETICULAR GIGANTOCELLULAR NUCLEUS DIFFERENT POINTS IN CENTRAL RESPIRATION CONTROL MECHANISMS

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

New data concerning role of reticular gigantocellular nucleus respiratory areasin respiratory pattern forming is discussed. Based on electrical stimulation ofnucleus inspiratory and expiratory points results, authors suggest that reticulargigantocellular nucleus plays a considerable role in central respiration controlmechanisms.
Habitat, Succession, Attachment, and Morphology of Segmented, Filamentous Microbes Indigenous to the Murine Gastrointestinal Tract

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Some indigenous microorganisms localize on epithelial surfaces in various areas of the digestive tracts of animals. One of these, a segmented, filamentous microbe, localizes on the epithelium in the small bowels of mice and rats. These filamentous microbes colonize mice at weaning time and persist in adult animals for at least 2 months. Results of the study of light and electron micrographs suggest that the microorganisms are procaryotic, and that they interact with small bowel epithelial cells to form an attachment site. This site consists of modified epithelial cell membrane and apical cytoplasm adjacent to the attached bacterium. The microbe fills the site with part of its first segment. This segment has a nipple-like appendage on the end inserted into the epithelial cell. The other segments, which compose the rest of the filament, are usually separated by septa. Many of the individual segments contain intrasegmental bodies that appear to be procaryotic cells. Some of these intrasegmental bodies are similar in morphology to the first segment of each filament inserted into an epithelial cell. These intracellular bodies may be components in the life cycle of the microorganism. The organism has not yet been cultured in recognizable form. Therefore, such a hypothesis cannot be proved as yet, nor can the microbe be classified with certainty. Because it localizes in an epithelial habitat in the small bowel, however, it may be a particularly important microbial type in the gastrointestinal ecosystem of laboratory rodents.
Description of breast diseases of adolescent girls applied to breast office polyclinics

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Maintaining of the children and adolescents’ health is a priority tend in health policy of the Russian Federation. Among the total number of women seeking to mammologist clinic health from 2007 to 2011, teenage girls were just 0.3 %. But all of them were found breast disease such as a diffuse form of fibrocystic disease (61 %), nodular breast after surgery (17.3 %), contusion of breast cancer (13 %), non-lactational mastitis (8.7 %). Questionnaire of the adolescents showed that they do not know anything about risk factors of breast diseases, do not conduct monthly self-examination. A set of preventive measures is required to preserve women's reproductive health since their childhood.
INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-1 PROTECTS NEURAL STEM CELLS FROM APOPTOSIS INDUCED BY β-AMYLOID PEPTIDE_(25-35)

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective To observe the influences of β-amyloid peptide(Aβ) on the proliferation and apoptosis of neural stem cells(NSCs) and to investigate the protective mechanism of insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) from toxicity of Aβ.Methods NSCs were isolated from E14 SD rats brains and then treated with IGF-1,Aβ and IGF-1 plus Aβ respectively.The cells were dyed with trypanblue for the count of dead cells and the death rate.BrdU was used to label cells and to evaluate cell proliferation.NSCs and newborn cells were identified by immunocytochemistry and apoptosis was detected by TUNEL technique.Results Cell death rate was low and there were many BrdU-positive cells,but no TUNEL-positive cells in the medium containing IGF-1.Cell death rate increased strikingly 6-48 hours after Aβ was added,and a great many TUNEL-positive cells were observed in the group treated with Aβ.Death rate of cells and TUNEL-positive cells decreased more markedly in the medium containing both IGF-1 and Aβ than that containing Aβ only.Conclusion Aβ promotes death and apoptosis of NSCs,while IGF-1 accelerates the proliferation of NSCs and inhibits NSCs apoptosis induced by Aβ.
Price variation limits and financial market bubbles: Artificial market simulations with agents' learning process

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Financial exchanges sometimes employ a "price variation limit", which restrict trades out of certain price ranges within certain time spans to avoid sudden large price fluctuations. We built an artificial market model implementing a learning process to replicate bubbles that has the continues double auction mechanism and investigated price variation limits. We surveyed an adequate limitation price range and an adequate limitation time span for the price variation limit and found a parameters' condition of the price variation limit to prevent bubbles. The price variation limits are expected to be an especially effective way to prevent bubbles, so the model should be able to replicate bubbles. When we gave a bubble-inducing trigger, which is a rapid increment of the fundamental value, a bubble occurred in the case in which the model implemented the learning process and did not occur in the case without the process. We also showed that a hazard rate enables verification of whether the models can replicate a bubble process or not.
Implementation and evaluation of an immunity-enhancing module for ISC BIND9

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This study focuses on an immunity-enhancing security module to protect Internet servers against cyberattacks. This security module consists of innate and adaptive immune functions. The innate immune function detects known and unknown cyberattacks, whereas the adaptive immune function learns and detects the cyberattacks detected by the innate immune function. We previously showed that this security module adaptively detected and prevented known and unknown cyberattacks on our original web server application. This paper describes our implementation of this module for ISC BIND9, evaluating its compatibility with a server application commonly used on the Internet. Performance was tested by attacking two known vulnerabilities, CVE-2015-5477 and CVE-2016-2776. Results showed that the detection accuracy of the module was 96.87% (true negative rate: 99.25%, true positive rate: 94.49%), whereas the overhead of the module was 10.81%.
Enterprise-Integrator-6-Developer Exam Dumps - Enterprise-Integrator-6-Developer Exam Questions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Pass Enterprise-Integrator-6-Developer Exam With Updated Study Guide and Latest Practice Questions\n\nIt is a proven fact that studying from a good study guide is an important part of passing the Enterprise-Integrator-6-Developer exam. It is vital to prepare well for the test, which is why you should use an updated and accurate study guide. These exam prep guides are created by experts who have years of experience in the industry. It is important to use the latest version of the study guide as it will help you pass the exam easily.\n\nEnterprise-Integrator-6-Developer Dumps - Learn & Earn Success in Cisco Exam Instantly\n\nThe WSO2 Certsleads consists of two parts: the preparation material and the practice exam. The Certsleads is comprised of actual questions from the exam that will help you prepare for the test. The practice tests will simulate the actual test and give you a real feel for what to expect. It contains new and updated questions and answers, which will help you get good marks on the certification test.\n\nFeature That Makes Enterprise-Integrator-6-Developer Dumps Best For %vendor Exam\n\nTaking practice tests can help you prepare for the real exam. Using practice tests can help you simulate the real exam. It will also help you get used to the test environment. The Enterprise-Integrator-6-Developer study guide can help you prepare for the WSO2 exam, which is more difficult. You can try it out before your actual exam date to be sure that you'll do well.\n\nDownload Free Demo with Real Updated Exam Dumps Questions Answer : http://www.certsleads.com/wso2/enterprise-integrator-6-developer-exam-questions\n\nGetting a practice test to pass the WSO2 exam will prepare you for the real thing. If you want to be successful, you need to study well. The study material should not be outdated and should be updated with the latest Enterprise-Integrator-6-Developer exams. For example, WSO2 will change the syllabus of the certification, so you'll need to update the study material to make sure you pass the test.\n\nWSO2 Enterprise-Integrator-6-Developer Web-based Practice Software\n\nYou should make use of a practice test to prepare for the WSO2 Professional WSO2 exam. It will prepare you to the exact exam day, so you'll be able to answer any questions that may arise on your exam. The practice tests will be similar to the real exam. You'll be able to find out what questions come up on your test.\n\nTaking a practice test for the Enterprise-Integrator-6-Developer exam will help you get the desired result. The practice test will help you understand and remember the questions on the exam. The WSO2 examination is a challenging exam, which is why it is imperative to prepare well. Luckily, the WSO2 certification exam can be passed with the help of a good practice test. If you're serious about passing the test, use the right study materials.\n\n
Subverting Attachment to Prevent Attacking: Alteration of Effector Immune Cell Migration and Adhesion as a Key Mechanism of Tumor Immune Evasion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cell adhesion regulates specific migratory patterns, location, communication with other cells, physical interactions with the extracellular matrix, and the establishment of effector programs. Proper immune control of cancer strongly depends on all these events occurring in a highly accurate spatiotemporal sequence. In response to cancer-associated inflammatory signals, effector immune cells navigating the bloodstream shift from their patrolling exploratory migration mode to establish adhesive interactions with vascular endothelial cells. This interaction enables them to extravasate through the blood vessel walls and access the cancer site. Further adhesive interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME) are crucial for coordinating their distribution in situ and for mounting an effective anti-tumor immune response. In this review, we examine how alterations of adhesion cues in the tumor context favor tumor escape by affecting effector immune cell infiltration and trafficking within the TME. We discuss the mechanisms by which tumors directly modulate immune cell adhesion and migration patterns to affect anti-tumor immunity and favor tumor evasion. We also explore indirect immune escape mechanisms that involve modifications of TME characteristics, such as vascularization, immunogenicity, and structural topography. Finally, we highlight the significance of these aspects in designing more effective drug treatments and cellular immunotherapies.