jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Amphipolar core-shell cylindrical brushes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Methacryloyl-endfunctionalized block copolymers consisting of styrene and 2-vinylpyridine were polymerized to polyblockcomacromonomers with a much higher main chain than side chain degree of polymerization. Like homopolymacromonomers these molecules exhibit the structure of cylindrical brushes. Since the vinylpyridine block is coupled to the polymerizable group, the resulting cylindrical macromolecules exhibit a core of vinylpyridine and a shell of polystyrene, thus resembling an amphipolar unimolecular micelle of cylindrical shape. The micellar character of the structure is demonstrated by loading the cylindrical brushes with tetrachloroauric acid in toluene. Subsequent reduction leads to the formation of colloidal gold, most probably within the brush in analogy to similar work on block copolymer micelles.
A novel approach to identify molecular binding to the influenza virus H5N1: screening using molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We investigate whether a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) of influenza A H5N1 could be used to help identify molecules capable of binding to, and inhibiting the function of the virus,viaeither competitive or allosteric mechanisms.
A dual labelling method for measuring uptake of low molecular weight compounds into the pathogenic yeastCandida albicans

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In contrast to other eukaryotic cells the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans is resistant to many structurally unrelated metabolic inhibitors. Reduced permeability due to the cell wall and/or altered plasma membrane composition is thought to be at least partly responsible for this phenomenon. To study the uptake of low molecular weight compounds into C. albicans we developed a dual labelling method. Intact cells, metabolically inactivated cells, spheroplasts or membrane fragments of C. albicans were incubated with various [14C]-labelled compound in the presence of [3H]-labelled water. After separation of cells and supernatant isotope ratios [3H]/[14C] were determined. Quotients of the isotope ratios from cells and supernatant, called enrichment coefficients, were calculated under all four conditions. The enrichment coefficients indicated whether a compound can enter C. albicans cells, is trapped within the cell wall, is enriched in the lipophilic membrane compartment, is actively accumulated or actively exported by multidrug resistance carriers. We used six structurally unrelated compounds to test our method. We found no evidence for a general impermeability of C. albicans.
Wearable Dual-band Frequency Reconfigurable Patch Antenna for WBAN Applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A wearable dual-band patch antenna is presented which can adjust its frequency for WBAN applications.Frequency reconfiguration is achieved by the antenna through the utilization of the switching properties of a PIN diode.Produced using a Rogers Duroid material with semi-flexible properties, the antenna has a size of 0.33λ 0 × 0.35λ 0 × 0.012λ 0 .Initially resonating at 5.8 GHz, a slot in the shape of an inverted letter U is included to introduce a dual-band operation at 2.4 GHz.By controlling the PIN diode's ON and OFF states, the antenna can switch between single-band (ISM 5.8 GHz) and dual-band (ISM 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz) operations.The antenna exhibits a bi-directional radiation pattern at 2.4 GHz and a directional pattern at 5.8 GHz.In the ON state, the antenna achieves a peak gain and total efficiency of 4.84 dBi, 5.87 dBi, 92.5%, and 92.7% at 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz, respectively.In the OFF state at 5.8 GHz, a peak gain and total efficiency of 6.01 dBi and 91.8% are measured.To evaluate its suitability for WBAN applications, the antenna's performance is assessed by measuring SAR values on a human tissue model.At 2.4 GHz, the SAR values for 1/10 g of human tissue are 0.411/0.177W/kg respectively.Similarly, at 5.8 GHz, the SAR values are 0.438/0.158W/kg respectively.The SAR values comply with the established standards of the FCC and ICNIRP for both resonance frequencies for human tissue weighing 1/10 g.Overall, the antenna boasts a compact size, acceptable SAR values, and satisfactory gain and efficiency across all operating bands, surpassing previous works.It also benefits from a simplified design employing a single switch, and the antenna remains a suitable choice for WBAN applications considering its other advantageous characteristics mentioned above.
A whole new ball game: a retrospective cohort study using healthcare administrative data to uncover predictors of timely transition from paediatric to adult type 1 diabetes care in British Columbia, Canada

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives To assess predictors of timely transition to adult diabetes care among individuals diagnosed with type 1 diabetes during childhood and adolescence. We hypothesised that older age at the last paediatric visit and urban residency would be predictors of timely transition. Design Retrospective cohort study using healthcare administrative data in a jurisdiction with a universal healthcare system. Participants 2045 adolescents and young adults diagnosed with type 1 diabetes between the ages of 0.5 and 18 years. Primary and secondary outcome measures We ascertained age at the last paediatric diabetes visit (LPDV), age at the first adult diabetes visit (FADV) and transition duration, defined as the time between LPDV and FADV. Timely transition was defined as a transition duration of <1 year. Logistic regression models were fitted to assess predictors of timely transition. Results Only 31.3% of individuals saw an adult provider within 1 year of their LPDV. Each 1-year increase in the age at LPDV was associated with increased odds of timely transition (adjusted OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.71 to 1.93, p<0.001). Urban residency was also associated with increased odds of timely transition (adjusted OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.40 to 2.71, p<0.001). Sex and older age at diagnosis were not associated with timely transition in the multivariable regression models (p>0.05). Conclusions Older age at the LPDV and urban residency are associated with increased odds of timely transition. Interventions should be developed to help keep adolescents engaged in paediatric care until an older age before referring them to adult diabetes care. Limitations of this study include unmeasured confounding and limited generalisability to non-universal healthcare systems.
[The effect of low-frequency impulse electrotherapy on the function of the neurohumoral systems regulating the arterial pressure in hypertensive patients].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The function of humoral regulatory systems was studied in hypertensive patients. Relevant dysfunctions appeared related to hemodynamic types. In the hyperkinetic hemodynamic type the greatest benefit for pressor and depressor regulation was achieved with square-wave impulse 10 Hz currents under the orbital method, in the hypokinetic--with sinusoidal modulated currents at 100 Hz modulation frequency. 30 Hz sinusoidal modulated currents under orbital method are able to bring about a marked decrease in both pressor and depressor hormones levels in hypokinetic pattern of hemodynamics producing short-term hypotensive effects. Humoral action of low-frequency impulse electrotherapy depends on the current characteristics, frequency and site of exposure.
“There is a village somewhere out there”: Representations of Anatolia as Terra Incognita”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Travel notes on Anatolia written in Turkey until the 1950's represent Anatolia as terra incognita. Anatolia becomes invisible through the values attributed to community relationships and the statements about the sameness of the rural area. Invisibility here is a syndrome of modernity, which based on positivist epistemology
Best Management Practices Overview

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In the general list of best management practices for stormwater control, many practices are currently being used. On-line retention and detention ponds are used frequently and their importance warrants a complete section within this publication. However, there are other best management practices which are frequently used and will be addressed here. It is the purpose of this paper to summarize efficiencies and design considerations related to: Off-line Retention (Infiltration) Systems; Vegetated Swales (with and without berms); and other practices such as street cleaning, catch basin cleaning, roof and parking lot infiltration, and erosion control.
VLT/NACO adaptive optics imaging of the TY CrA system - A fourth stellar component candidate detected

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report the detection of a possible subsolar mass companion to the triple young system TY CrA using the NACO instrument at the VLT UT4 during its commissioning. Assuming for TY CrA a distance similar to that of the close binary system HD 176386, the photometric spectral type of this fourth stellar component candidate is consistent with an ~M4 star. We discuss the dynamical stability of this possible quadruple system as well as the possible location of dusty particles inside or outside the system.
Preferential Antibody and Drug Conjugate Targeting of the ADAM10 Metalloprotease in Tumours

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ADAM10 is a transmembrane metalloprotease that sheds a variety of cell surface proteins, including receptors and ligands that regulate a range of developmental processes which re-emerge during tumour development. While ADAM10 is ubiquitously expressed, its activity is normally tightly regulated, but becomes deregulated in tumours. We previously reported the generation of a monoclonal antibody, 8C7, which preferentially recognises an active form of ADAM10 in human and mouse tumours. We now report our investigation of the mechanism of this specificity, and the preferential targeting of 8C7 to human tumour cell xenografts in mice. We also report the development of novel 8C7 antibody–drug conjugates that preferentially kill cells displaying the 8C7 epitope, and that can inhibit tumour growth in mice. This study provides the first demonstration that antibody– drug conjugates targeting an active conformer of ADAM10, a widely expressed transmembrane metalloprotease, enable tumour-selective targeting and inhibition.
Normothermic Rapid Volume Replacement in Traumatic Hypovolemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Inadequate infusion flow rates and hypothermia are significant problems encountered in managing traumatic hemorrhagic shock. The Rapid Solution Administration Set (RSAS) allows normothermic volume restoration at flow rates of up to 2200 mL/min via a single peripheral venipuncture. The RSAS was utilized in 33 consecutive multiple-trauma patients with a mean trauma score (TS) of 6.8. Admission systolic blood pressure averaged 66.9 mm Hg. A mean of 5692 mL of packed red blood cells, 5515 mL of blood products, and 12,052 mL of crystalloid solution per patient was infused within 24 hours of admission mostly via the RSAS. Mortality was 45% at 24 hours following arrival and 61% overall. The mortality was 93.8% (15/16) in patients with a TS of 5 or less and 29.4% (5/17) in patients with a TS over 5. The initial postinfusion patient temperatures averaged 35.2 degrees C. All abnormal preinfusion coagulation values normalized within 24 hours in the survivors, and no significant complications occurred with the use of the RSAS. The RSAS seems to provide an uncomplicated means of normothermic volume replacement. The 24-hour survival in potentially salvageable patients may be improved. Its use in patients with lethal injuries (TS less than or equal to 3) requires further evaluation.
Teacher perceptions of immersion professional development experiences emphasizing language-focused content instruction

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The knowledge and pedagogies needed for immersion classrooms are unique and complex. Although there is a growing body of research on immersion pedagogy, there is a dearth of research on professional development (PD) experiences that positively impact immersion teacher practices. This paper focuses on exploring immersion teacher perceptions of PD experiences in the area of language-focused content instruction that have a positive impact on their teaching. The theoretical framework guiding the study is “communities of practice” (CoP) ( Wenger, 1998 ), and survey and focus group data were analyzed in relation to Wenger’s four realms of CoP (community, practice, meaning, and identity). Findings revealed specific features of high impact assignments and PD experiences. The paper concludes with implications for designing meaningful and effective PD experiences for immersion educators and others who teach in CBI settings.
Social costs and prospects of the modernization of Russian agrarian

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article provides an analysis of socio-economic consequences and prospects of the modernization of Russia's agrarian sector. Based on the theory social mechanisms, the author considers the modernization as a social process of innovative transformations, and emphasizes the assessment of the rate of unemployment, poverty and the change of socio-economic stratification of the rural population. Based on the rich previous experience of research on agrarian relations in Russia, she provides her own view of the development prospects of Russia's agriculture and justifies mechanisms to attain the objectives of the development.
Intravesical Nitric Oxide Delivery for Prevention of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUrological Survey: Uro-science1 Dec 2005Intravesical Nitric Oxide Delivery for Prevention of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections Timothy L. RatliffPh.D. Timothy L. RatliffTimothy L. Ratliff More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)69044-XAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Intravesical Nitric Oxide Delivery for Prevention of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections." The Journal of Urology, 174(6), pp. 2420–2421 © 2005 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 174Issue 6December 2005Page: 2420-2421 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2005 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Timothy L. Ratliff More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Impact on Human Health of Salmonella spp. and Their Lipopolysaccharides: Possible Therapeutic Role and Asymptomatic Presence Consequences

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Epidemiologically, one of the most important concerns associated with introducing Salmonella spp. into the environment and food chain is the presence of asymptomatic carriers. The oncogenic and oncolytic activity of Salmonella and their lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) is important and research on this topic is needed. Even a single asymptomatic dose of the S. Enteritidis LPS (a dose that has not caused any symptoms of illness) in in vivo studies induces the dysregulation of selected cells and bioactive substances of the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems. LPSs from different species, and even LPSs derived from different serotypes of one species, can define different biological activities. The activity of low doses of LPSs derived from three different Salmonella serotypes (S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, and S. Minnesota) affects the neurochemistry of neurons differently in in vitro studies. Studies on lipopolysaccharides from different Salmonella serotypes do not consider the diversity of their activity. The presence of an LPS from S. Enteritidis in the body, even in amounts that do not induce any symptoms of illness, may lead to unknown long-term consequences associated with its action on the cells and biologically active substances of the human body. These conclusions should be important for both research strategies and the pharmaceutical industry &.
The Novel at Arms

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Cambridge History of the Australian Novel is an authoritative volume on the Australian novel by more than forty experts in the field of Australian literary studies, drawn from within Australia and abroad. Essays cover a wide range of types of novel writing and publishing from the earliest colonial period through to the present day. The international dimensions of publishing Australian fiction are also considered as are the changing contours of criticism of the novel in Australia. Chapters examine colonial fiction, women's writing, Indigenous novels, popular genre fiction, historical fiction, political novels, and challenging novels on identity and belonging from recent decades, not least the major rise of Indigenous novel writing. Essays focus on specific periods of major change in Australian history or range broadly across themes and issues that have influenced fiction across many years and in many parts of the country.
Antioxidant Activity and other Quality Parameters of Cold Pressing Pumpkin Seed Oil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pumpkin seeds oil are rich in biologically active substances such as a source of tocopherols, carotenoids, especially β-carotene, lutein and other compounds. Also four fatty acids – palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic, dominated in the oil of pumpkin seeds oil. The study mainly aimed to evaluate the fatty acid contents and antioxidant parameters of seed oils isolated from different pumpkin cultivars. Investigations of seeds oil from Cucurbita pepo L. ‘Miranda’, ‘Golosemianaja’, and ‘Herakles’ pumpkin cultivars grown in Lithuania revealed that crude fat contents ranged from 44.4% to 47.3%, although ‘Miranda’ cultivar seeds consistently and significantly had the lowest content. The seed oils contained appreciable amounts of unsaturated fatty acids (approximately 83%), of which polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids, were dominant with values ranging from 64.29% to 66.71% of the total amount of fatty acids. The seeds oil were a particularly rich source of linoleic acid (66%), among which ‘Miranda’ cultivar seeds had the significantly highest content. Our investigation identified that pumpkin seeds oil as a good source of phenolic compounds, particularly cvs. ‘Golosemianaja’ and ‘Miranda’ oil. Methanolic seed oil extracts were characterized by statistically significant differences in their antioxidant activity, with the highest antioxidant activity found in cultivar ‘Miranda’, followed by ‘Golosemianaja’. The antioxidant activity level increased proportionally with the total phenolic content, thus establishing a linear relationship between DPPH-radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content.
First Case of HIV Seroconversion With Integrase Resistance Mutations on Long-Acting Cabotegravir for Prevention in Routine Care

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Long-acting cabotegravir (CAB-LA) is highly effective for HIV prevention, but delayed HIV diagnoses and integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) resistance were observed in trials. We report the first case in routine clinical care of HIV infection on CAB-LA with INSTI resistance. Methods The SeroPrEP study enrolls individuals in the United States who acquire HIV on pre-exposure prophylaxis modalities to assess diagnostics, antiretroviral (ARV) drug levels, resistance, and treatment outcomes. Resistance mutations in full-length HIV-1 integrase were identified by single-genome sequencing (SGS). Cabotegravir concentrations in plasma and hair segments were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Results A 23-year-old gender-nonbinary person, male at birth, restarted CAB-LA 6 months after discontinuation due to losing insurance. Prior to restart, HIV-1 RNA was not detected, but 20 days elapsed before CAB-LA injection. After the second CAB-LA injection, HIV antigen/antibody returned reactive (HIV-1 RNA 451 copies/mL). SGS of plasma HIV-1 RNA identified INSTI mutation Q148R in 2/24 sequences 2 days postdiagnosis; commercial genotype failed amplification. Cabotegravir hair concentration was 0.190 ng/mg 2 weeks prediagnosis; plasma cabotegravir was high (3.37 μg/mL; ∼20× PA-IC90) 14 days postdiagnosis. Viral suppression was maintained for 6 months on darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide, then switched to doravirine + emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide due to nausea. Conclusions In this first case of HIV infection on CAB-LA with INSTI resistance in routine care, cabotegravir resistance was detected only with a sensitive research assay. Accelerated pathways to minimize time between HIV testing and CAB-LA initiation are needed to optimize acute HIV detection and mitigate resistance risk. Sustained product access regardless of insurance is imperative to reduce HIV infections on CAB-LA.
Effect of Varying the Volume Fractions of Ledeburitic Cementite and Graphite on the Tribological Properties of Commercially Used Cast Irons

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The types and volume fractions of the carbonaceous phases present in the microstructures of cast irons strongly influence their properties. In the case of materials used commercially for tools, an important parameter with regard to their use is the resistance to abrasion wear. Cementite is the main reinforcing phase in cast irons and is present in significant quantities. In addition, cast irons contain graphite precipitates, which also affect wear by interacting with the matrix of the alloys. In this study, abrasive wear tests were carried out on a group of cast irons with different chemical compositions and, consequently, different microstructural morphologies. Due to the wide scatter of the results and the commercial rather than laboratory nature of the alloys studied, it was decided to use analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine whether there was a statistically significant difference between the volume fractions of the carbonaceous phases. The volume fractions of graphite and ledeburite were then related to the results of the tribological tests. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences in the results obtained for the alloys tested. A continuous increase in the volume fractions of both graphite and ledeburitic cementite is unfavourable in terms of the wear resistance and friction coefficient values. Optimum results can be obtained by balancing the volume fractions of the two phases observed. In addition, the phase composition of the material matrix plays an important role in wear, as the differences in the matrix of the tested alloys modify the nature of the influence of cementite and graphite on the wear.