jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Maternal Factors Associated with Early Childhood Caries in Urban Latino Children

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The objective of this investigation was to describe maternal psychosocial, behavioral, and acculturation factors associated with early childhood caries in a sample of urban Latino mother-child dyads. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 100 mothers whose children (under the age of 6 y) were patients at the Dental Center at Children’s Hospital Colorado in Aurora, Colorado. All children participating in the study received an oral examination to measure decayed, missing, filled, surfaces (dmfs). Participating mothers were given the option to sign the consent form and complete the survey in English or Spanish, according to their preferred language. The survey used demographic, behavioral, knowledge, and several psychosocial variables. Bivariate analysis was conducted with dmfs as a dependent variable. The associations between independent variables and dmfs were modeled using negative binomial regression. Mean ± SD dmfs for the entire sample was about 11 ± 16.85. The mothers who spoke Spanish had children with significantly ( P = 0.046) higher dmfs scores (15.2) compared to mothers who spoke English (7.56). Preference of Spanish language was significantly associated with self-efficacy ( P = 0.0043), oral health knowledge ( P = 0.0024), and 3 subscales of the health belief model: perceived severity ( P = 0.057), perceived barriers ( P = 0.0002), and perceived susceptibility ( P = 0.008). Both in the univariate and the multivariate models, oral health behavior and preferential use of Spanish remained significantly associated with higher dmfs scores. Results of this study demonstrate that maternal oral health behaviors and preferred language are significant factors associated with early childhood caries in urban Latino children. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Results of this study indicate that maternal oral health behaviors and the level of acculturation are significantly associated with caries in urban Latino children. Caries prevention efforts in this population could use this information to tailor oral health messaging according to the level of acculturation in mothers.
Synthesis of bio-polymers from Prosopis juliflora

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The adverse environmental degradation created by various plastics produced from petroleum products is a major concern for the world nations. The developed and developing nations have adopted various strategies on the production and usage of highly hazardous conventional plastics. Various research works have been undertaken to formulate a sustainable alternative for the conventional plastics. In this regard, an effort was made to synthesis a biodegradable polymer for large scale commercial usage in packaging applications. Biodegradable polymers can be produced from various resources. The study involves the production of bio-plastic from Banana peel and Prosopis juliflora. Cellulose, a major component required for biopolymer synthesis was extracted from Prosopis juliflora which then combined and processed with dried banana peel. Additives and preservatives that contributes to the polymer characteristics were added in suitable proportions and processed under defined conditions. The mixture was then dried at a temperature of 130 ℃ to yield the final product. The biopolymers thus produced were tested for its water absorption capacity, thermal resistance, tensile strength, biodegradability and microbial attacks. It was observed that water absorption capacity of the biopolymer was lower for lesser starch and higher cellulose concentrations. The tensile strength was found to be 0.67 N/mm2 which was due to the addition of zinc oxide. No microbial attack was observed during storage and it was also found that the biopolymer was able to withstand high temperature up to 130 °C during its usage.
Evaluation of Ascites by Ultrasound

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ultrasound was used to determine the presence of free intraperitoneal fluid. Base-line values were obtained by introducing known amounts of fluid into the peritoneal cavities of cadavers and obtaining readings in multiple positions, the right lateral decubitus and hand-knee positions being the most sensitive. As little as 100 ml of fluid could be detected. Ultrasonic patterns changed with repositioning of the patient, confirming the presence of free intraperitoneal fluid rather than loculated collections.
Application of GMS - MODFLOW to Investigate Groundwater Development Potential in River Meme Catchment, Kogi State, Nigeria

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Groundwater modelling is an important tool that can be used to determine appropriate management strategies for groundwater conditions. It is useful in monitoring groundwater levels due to extensive exploitation as is presently done in the Otokiti area on the River Meme catchment, Lokoja, Nigeria. A conceptual model was developed using Groundwater Modelling System (GMS) software. The model was calibrated both in steady and transient states. The steady state calibration was done for March 2009, aquifer performance data while the transient model was calibrated for March 2016 aquifer data. Results from calibration showed values of hydraulic conductivity varying from 0.02 to 25.6 m/d while the recharge rates varied from 0.0001 to 0.0007 m/d. A predictive run was done from 2016 to 2026 where the model examined the response of the aquifer to abstractions under three different schemes. In Scheme A, the abstractions remained the same as that of the current year 2016. In Schemes B and C, abstractions were increased by 20% and 60% respectively over the 2016 rates. The results showed that there was very little decline in head for locations near the rivers at the eastern and western parts of the catchment. However, for locations in the central part of the study area, which were mostly residential, there was a gradual decrease in head of up to 6 m for scheme A, 6.5 m for scheme B and 6.8 m for scheme C. The implies that even if the rate of abstraction is increase by up to 60% i.e. at 122 m3/d, the groundwater system would still be sustainable as a main source of supply for domestic consumption. The volumetric budget of the study area for the three abstraction schemes also showed that the groundwater abstraction was generally less than the annual groundwater recharge. Consequently, more water is available in the formation which can be abstracted for future development without any appreciable loss of head.
The Potential of Jigsaw Role Playing to Promote the Social Construction of Knowledge in an Online Graduate Education Course

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Many online courses fail to promote the active construction of student knowledge or camaraderie among student peers. Accordingly, online course designers and instructors are challenged to promote purposeful peer student dialogue and establish a sense of belonging where all learners perceive themselves as stakeholders in the course community. Online role playing is not a common activity, and electronically networked jigsaw role plays appear to be rarer still. In this article, we describe the transition of a face-to-face jigsaw role-play exercise to a primarily asynchronous graduate-level online course in education. Data collected from various sources suggest that students enjoyed online role play and valued it as a learning experience. We conclude with reflections, lessons learned, and future plans as we continue to explore the challenges and benefits of online role-play in graduate level online courses that serve adult professionals.
Prevalence of Burnout and Job Satisfaction Among Interventional Radiologists in Saudi Arabia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose To evaluate the prevalence of burnout and job satisfaction among interventional radiologists (IRs) in Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in June 2023 among IRs in Saudi Arabia. An online survey was sent to the IR members of the Saudi Interventional Radiology Society via WhatsApp using Google Forms. The survey consisted of a Likert scale satisfaction questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire, demographics, and general questions. Statistical analysis was performed; p <0.05 was considered significant when correlating between variables. Results A total of 80/178 responses were received (44.9%), the majority were men (93.8%). The age group with the highest representation was 30 to 40 years (60%). Those between the ages of 30 and 40 had a higher (mean (standard deviation [SD])) depersonalization (DP) score (9 (3.6)) than those 51 and older (6.8 (4.5)). In addition, those who were practicing IR for 0 to 4 years (9.4 (3.5)) reported more DP than other participants ( p =0.007). Individuals who slept less than 5 hours per day had lowermean personal accomplishment. Most participants (76.3%) expressed satisfaction with their career choice, and 35% were satisfied with hospital staff appreciation, with neutral satisfaction levels for job salary and work/life balance. Conclusion The study shows that about half of the IRs in Saudi Arabia have high levels of burnout. Most of them were satisfied with IR as a career choice, while less than a third were dissatisfied with both salary and work/life balance.
ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR BLOCKER CANDESARTAN BINDS TO AND UPREGULATES MOLECULAR CHAPERONE HSP90 IN THE HIPPOCAMPAL CA1 NEURONS ― A POSSIBLE MECHANISM OF NEUROPROTECTION BY ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR BLOCKER―

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Antihypertensive angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) have neuroprotective effects that were independent of the reduction of blood pressure. We have previously shown that vulner-able hippocampal CA1 neurons underwent delayed cell death through mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway after global cerebral ischemia, but ARB protected these neurons from cell death. To elucidate the mechanism of neuroprotection by ARB candesartan, candesartan-specific binding proteins were first investigated using candesartan-affinity column and rat hippocampal tissue. And, the affinity of ARB and the binding protein was further examined by BIAcore binding assay. Then, the distribution and expression of the protein were characterized by immunohisotochemis-try and Western blots. By affinity column study, molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) was identified as a binding target of candesartan. BIAcore assay proved functional binding of candesartan to HSP90. Immunohistochemistry showed increased HSP90 expression in the hippocampal CA1 neurons as early as 1 day after candesartan treatment. Westen blots confirmed temporal changes in HSP90
Molecular cloning of a gene encoding the protein for pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide in Heliothis assulta

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Sex pheromone production in lepidopteran insects is regulated by the pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN), which is produced in suboesophageal ganglion. We first reported the molecular characterization of a gene encoding the Heliothis assulta PBAN ( Has PBAN) by polymerase chain reaction. A 630 bp fragment containning the entire Has PBAN gene was isolated and characterized. Has PBAN gene comprised two exons interspersed by a single intron, and the consensus sequence for splicing junction is identified at the exon/intron boundary. The result showed that PBAN gene is localized in the genome of H.assulta. Further, the gene expression analysis suggests that the PBAN mRNA is present in suboesophageal ganglion.
Conceptualization, Realization, and Validation of Distributed Cyber-Physical Systems for Sensing and Automation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper investigates the feasibility of the pragmatic implementation of distributed algorithms in real-world cyber-physical systems (CPSs). We detail how distributed (and parallel) computing systems can be realized using existing system-design software for CPS development. A series of experiments is devised and used to verify the information-exchange capacity of the computing nodes and the synchronous and real-time operational effectiveness of the overall distributed computing system development framework. Finally, an actual distributed computing system is realized and validated by executing a fundamental distributed consensus protocol.
Mental health, Coping strategies and social support among students of Sirjan college of Medical Sciences: 2012-2013

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Entering College is a major change and a critical period in one's social and family life.
This study aims to investigate Mental Health Status and some affecting variables Such as coping
strategies and social support among students of Sirjan College of Medical Sciences.
Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on the entire students enrolled in
Sirjan College. Three questionnaires, including mental health (GHQ), social support and coping style,
were employed for measuring variables. Data were analyzed by using descriptive and analytical
statistics.
Results: The results showed that 11.8% of the students were suspected of mental disorders. Students in
health discipline had the best status of mental health among the different disciplines and students of the
field of laboratory sciences had the worst. Social support variable was the strongest predictor of
students' mental health Overall. In total 20 percent of the variation in mental health was explained by
the six independent variables.
Conclusion: According to our findings, effective coping skills and social support can be effective in
improving students' mental health. Thus, regarding the fact that this college is newly built, measures
and policies are required in order to improve the students' mental health including the reduction of
academic stress and life skills workshops.
Fossil Polypodiaceae and their spores

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In this publication emphasis is laid on the modern definition of the family Polypodiaceae (Filicales), which is based on an extensive study of Recent material and which is much restricted with respect to older circumscriptions of the family as usually applied by palaeobotanists. Fossils of fems belonging to the family in the strict sense are extremely rare and those examined do not bear any spores suitable for study. Of the fossils attributed to the family in its traditional, large sense, only a small minority belongs to the family in its strict sense.\\nA survey of the few polypodiaceous fossils known to the author is given together with a list of non-polypodiaceous fossils that usually (sometimes tentatively) have been referred to the family Polypodiaceae.
Observations of personal meaning sources for Israeli age cohorts

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Using the Sources of Meaning Profile (SOMP), an instrument developed to measure the sources of personal, present meaning in one's life, this descriptive study looks at what 296 Israelis aged 18-91 consider to be the most and least important sources of meaning in their lives. Respondents, irrespective of age, viewed personal relationships, enduring values and ideals and meeting basic needs as being among the most important sources of meaning in their lives. Though the importance of religious activities tended to increase, albeit insignificantly, with age this source of meaning was ranked among the lowest in importance by all age groups. No one age group emerged as deriving significantly more total meaning from the sources examined than did other age groups. The author did not find evidence of the egocentric self-preoccupation, with satisfaction of basic needs, which are the hallmarks of interiority theory. There was evidence of an increasing philosophic and humanistic life orientation in the later years, as manifested in the importance attached to areas of social, cultural and value concerns. Within the constraints of the cross-sectional design, the findings appeared to be consistent with Yalom's (1980) thesis, namely that while some sources of meaning may change over a life span the relation between the strength of life meaning may remain consistent, or stable, regardless of where meaning is embedded.
USB audio chip based oscilloscope and signal generator for mobile laboratories

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Paper presents a cost-efficient and convenient solution for computer-aided AC measurements that student can perform either in university lab or at home. A commercial audio codec chip with USB interface is used to design an oscilloscope and AC generator that may be used together with any personal computer without specific software drivers. This scope-generator is included into the new release of HomeLab-Kit that is a small case containing necessary equipment to perform the basic laboratory works of the circuit theory course.
Amelioration of Salt-Induced Damage on Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’ by Exogenous Application of Silicon

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To investigate the amelioration of salt-induced damage on Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’ by exogenous silicon, we analyzed the photosynthetic and physiological characteristics of 1.5-year-old ‘Fengdan’ seedlings under NaCl stress by applying exogenous silicon (0, 0.75, and 1.5 mmol/L). Our results showed that the contents of the photosynthetic pigments chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotene, the transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 were significantly enhanced under salt stress when silicon treatment was applied, implying that the net photosynthetic rate was greatly improved. In addition, the plant height, stem thickness, and above-ground dry biomass of tree peony seedlings were effectively increased under salt stress with low-concentration silicon (0.75 mmol/L) treatment, along with osmotic substance (SS, SP, and Pro) content, total polyamine (TP) contents, and the activities of antioxidant-related enzymes (SOD, POD, and CAT) and polyamine-related synthetases (ADC, ODC, and SAMDC). In the low-concentration silicon treatment, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and superoxide anions (O2−) were transformed quickly, which eventually reduced cell oxidative damage and improved seedling tolerance. This is an important finding in the understanding of how exogenous low-concentration silicon can alleviate salt-induced damage and promote the growth of tree peony seedlings, thus providing a new perspective on tree peony cultivation.
Gene expression of mouse choline acetyltransferase. Alternative splicing and identification of a highly active promoter region.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Seven types of mRNA for choline acetyltransferase that differ in the 5'-noncoding region were identified in the mouse spinal cord by cDNA cloning and polymerase chain reaction. Among these transcripts, the M-type mRNA corresponding to the previously cloned mouse cDNA was most abundant in the spinal cord of mouse. A mouse genomic DNA clone containing the 5'-region of choline acetyltransferase mRNA was isolated and sequenced. Comparison of the sequences between the cDNAs and the genomic DNA revealed that the different mRNA species were transcribed from different promoter regions and produced by differential splicing. Two murine cholinergic cell lines, NS20Y and NG108-15, were shown to express the M-type mRNA almost exclusively, and were therefore used to study transcription of M-type mRNA. Fragments of the 5'-region of choline acetyltransferase gene were ligated with chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene and introduced into cultured cells. The fragment from -2752 to +46, which contained the M-type exon, a TATA-box like element upstream of the M-type exon, and the downstream intron, induced a significant expression of CAT activity in neuronal but not in non-neuronal cell lines. This result indicates that this region of choline acetyltransferase gene contains elements that regulate neuron-specific expression of choline acetyltransferase activity. However, there was no parallel correlation between reporter gene expression in the transfected cells and intrinsic choline acetyltransferase activity in these neuronal cell lines. Possible mechanisms that would explain this observation are discussed.
Hypercalcaemic stupor as a presentation of lymphosarcoma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A case is reported of a 32 year old woman with a two year history suggestive of schizophrenia who presented in stupor. This proved to be due to hypercalcaemia with a concomitant high cerebrospinal fluid calcium concentration associated with previously unsuspected lymphosarcoma. Necropsy revealed no significant intracranial abnormality, and mechanisms that may have been involved in the production of the impaired consciousness are discussed.
Effects of Elastic Band and Aerobic Exercise on Fitness, Blood Lipids, and Vascular Inflammatory Markers in Elderly Women

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

운동학 학술지 제15권 제2호 탄성밴드운동 및 유산소성 운동을 병행한 복합운동프로그램이 노인여성의 체력, 혈중지질 및 혈관염증지표에 미치는 영향 김경태 1) ․조지훈 2) * 1) 국민대학교 2) 신경대학교 초록 운동학 학술지, 2013, 15(2): 129-138.탄성밴드운동 및 유산소성 운동을 병행한 복합운동프로그램이 노인여성의 체력, 혈중지질 및 혈관염증지표에 미치는 영향. [서론] 본 연구는 탄성밴드운동 및 유산소성운동을 병행한 복합운동프로그램이 노인여성의 체력, 혈중지질, 그리고 혈관염증지표에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 규명하는데 그 목적이 있었다.[방법] 연구대상은 65세 이 상의 노인여성 40명을 선정하였으며, 복합운동군 10명, 탄성밴드운동군 10명, 유산소성운동군 10명, 통제군 10명으로 구성하여 실험을 진행하였다.운동프로그램은 준비운동과 정리운동 각 10분, 본운동
An Assessment of Genetic Relationships between Members of the Phytophthora megasperma Complex and Phytophthora vignae using Molecular Markers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Genetic relationships between Phytophora megasperma f. sp. glycinea (Pmg) and morphologically similar taxa, P. megasperma f. sp. medicaginis (Pmm), P. megasperma f. sp. trifolii (Pmt), P. megasperma from Douglas Fir (PmDF) and asparagus (PmAS) and Phytophthora vignae, were explored by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of nuclear DNA using random genomic multi-copy, cDNA, and ribosomal DNA probes as well as random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs) and RFLP analysis of ribosomal intergenic spacer regions amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Each method detected large differences between these taxa and P. megasperma f. sp. glycinea. P. vignae was more closely related to P. megasperma f. sp. glycinea than the other taxa on the basis of the cDNA RFLPs and RFLPs of PCR amplified rDNA intergenic spacer regions. We conclude that each of the taxa examined represent separate species. This supports the most recent reclassification based on mitochondrial RFLPs and electrophoretic protein patterns of the host-specific taxa to P. sojae (Pmg), P. trifolii (Pmt) and P. medicaginis (Pmm).
SH3425060.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.