jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Drag-n-fly: a Proposal in Response to a Low Reynolds Number Station Keeping Mission

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Drag-n-Fly is a remotely piloted, low Reynolds number vehicle. It was designed to maintain level controlled flight and fly a closed course at flight speeds corresponding to Reynolds numbers of less than 2 x 10(exp 5) and as close to 1 x 10(exp 5) as possible. The success of the mission will be associated with achieving the lowest mean chord Reynolds number possible and maximizing loiter time on the course. The flight plan for the Drag-n-Fly calls for the vehicle to ascent to a cruise altitude of 25 ft. The airfoil selected for the Drag-n-Fly is a Spica chosen for its high lift coefficient at low Reynolds number. The propulsion system for the Drag-n-Fly consists of a 10 inch diameter propeller mounted on the front of the vehicle. Structural support for the Drag-n-Fly comes from four box beams running the length of the fuselage. The tail and horizontal stabilizers are located far aft of the lifting surface in order to assure proper static stability. The present design for the Drag-n-Fly will meet the criteria for the present mission.
Effect of castration timing and oral meloxicam administration on growth performance, inflammation, behavior, and carcass quality of beef calves12

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Beef bull calves (n = 62) were assigned randomly, within sire breed, to 1 of 4 treatments at birth. Treatments were 1) surgical castration near birth, 2) surgical castration near birth with oral administration of meloxicam (1 mg/kg BW), 3) surgical castration at weaning (WNG), or 4) surgical castration at weaning with oral administration of meloxicam (1 mg/kg BW; WMX). A subset of calves (n = 7/treatment group) were selected randomly near birth for blood collection, behavioral analyses, and rectal temperature (RT) records for a 7-d postcastration period on d 0 (birth), 1, 3, and 7, and on d 214 (weaning), 214 + 6 h, 215, 217, 221, and 228. Calf standing and lying activity were monitored from the same subsets by recording x- and y-axis positions of an accelerometer attached to the right metatarsus for 7 d postcastration. Calf BW was recorded throughout the entire production cycle, and carcass data were collected at slaughter. For statistical analyses, bulls left intact at birth were considered a positive control (BUL) for observations that occurred before their treatment application at weaning; likewise, bulls castrated at birth were considered a negative control (STR) during postweaning observations. No difference (P > 0.88) occurred in ADG between treatments throughout the preweaning period (d 0 to 214); however, 56-d postweaning ADG was greatest ( P= 0.02) in STR, intermediate in WMX, and least in WNG. At weaning, haptoglobin (Hp) was greater (P ≤ 0.005) for WNG and WMX compared to STR on d 214+6 h, 215, and 217, and Hp was greater (P = 0.05) in WNG compared to WMX on d 217. Neutrophils increased (P < 0.001) and red blood cells decreased (P ≤ 0.03) for WNG and WMX on d 214+6 h and 217, respectively. Postweaning behavior observations indicated that STR calves spent the least proportion of time standing (P = 0.002) when compared to WNG and WMX. Furthermore, WMX calves exhibited a greater proportion of time spent standing (P = 0.03) compared to WNG. Grazing and finishing phase ADG and carcass measurements did not differ (P ≥ 0.24) across treatments. In this study, surgical castration at weaning, but not near birth, altered the acute phase response, behavior, and growth performance. Oral meloxicam reduced serum Hp and improved ADG briefly when administered to calves castrated at weaning. Oral administration of meloxicam may be efficacious for mitigating some of the stress and inflammation associated with castration of weaning-age bull calves.
Technoeconomic Evaluation of Microalgae Oil Production: Effect of Cell Disruption Method

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Microalgae have a high capacity to capture CO2. Additionally, biomass contains lipids that can be used to produce biofuels, biolubricants, and other compounds of commercial interest. This study analyzed various scenarios for microalgae lipid production by simulation. These scenarios include cultivation in raceway ponds, primary harvest with three flocculants, secondary harvest with pressure filter (and drying if necessary), and three different technologies for the cell disruption step, which facilitates lipid extraction. The impact on energy consumption and production cost was analyzed. Both energy consumption and operating cost are higher in the scenarios that consider bead milling (8.79–8.88 kWh/kg and USD 41.06–41.41/kg), followed by those that consider high-pressure homogenization (HPH, 5.39–5.46 kWh/kg and USD 34.26–34.71/kg). For the scenarios that consider pressing, the energy consumption is 5.80–5.88 kWh/kg and the operating cost is USD 27.27–27.88/kg. The consumption of CO2 in scenarios that consider pressing have a greater capture (11.23 kg of CO2/kg of lipids). Meanwhile, scenarios that consider HPH are the lowest consumers of fresh water (5.3 m3 of water/kg of lipids). This study allowed us to develop a base of multiple comparative scenarios, evaluate different aspects involved in Chlorella vulgaris lipid production, and determine the impact of various technologies in the cell disruption stage.
Nurses with HIV/AIDS must not be stigmatized

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

After the recent rumpus over whether or not British doctors should be tested for HIV it is surprising that there has not been a call for nurses to be tested as well. The argument put forward against such testing is that individuals could become infected within days of the test, and that if the test is taken during the early stages of HIV it may prove to be negative. To exclude these eventualities it would be necessary to test all doctors and nurses repeatedly and regularly, the cost of which would be considerable. In addition, screening would give the public false reassurance and could lead to doctors and nurses calling for all their patients to be screened, particularly as a nurse or doctor is more at risk of catching the virus from patients than the other way round.
Vibrational analysis of harmonic oscillator chains with random topological constraints

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The effect of topological disorder on the dynamic behaviour of topologically constrained oscillator chains is investigated through a normal mode analysis. A measure for mode localization based on the skewness of the density of energy states of normal modes is proposed, which correlates well with main configuration characteristics. Appropriate configuration sampling is achieved by employing the Ising model together with the Metropolis algorithm.
EFFECT OF COMPLEX EFFECTS OF ARGININE AND NANOHYDROXYAPATITE ON SOLID TISSUES PREPARED TEETH

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The most pronounced positive and effective impact on the structure of dentin after preparation having combined the combined effect of arginine and nanohydroxyapatite. The use of arginine and nanohydroxyapatite is an effective therapeutic and prophylactic effects on prepared vital teeth, which manifests itself in the formation on the surface of prepared dentin a dense protective layer for the open dentinal tubules and dentin mitubushi. Arginine and nanohydroxyapatite accelerate the process of near-pulp dentinogenesis.
Preoperative Determination of Stroke Risk with ECD SPECT before Therapeutic Carotid Artery Occlusion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The CBF evaluation with ECD SPECT allows a sensitive identification of clinically inapparent cerebral perfusion disturbances during the balloon occlusion test (BOT). A symmetric perfusion pattern or only slight defects with an asymmetry less than 9% and no neurological symptoms during the BOT means only a low risk for stroke after sacrifice of the ICA. However, a hemispheric or territorial perfusion defect with an asymmetry of greater than 9% or the occurence of neurological symptoms during the BOT is associated with a high risk for a stroke after permanent occlusion or resection of the ICA.
Corrosion Properties and Passive Film Interface of Inconel 718 in NaNO3 Solution for Laser-Assisted Electrochemical Machining

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Laser-assisted electrochemical machining (ECM) is an ideal manufacturing method for Inconel 718 (IN718) because of the method's high efficiency and good surface quality, and the basis for and key to laser-assisted ECM is its anodic electrochemical dissolution behavior. In this study, IN718 in a 10 wt % NaNO3 solution was subjected to innovative electrochemical testing and laser-assisted ECM experiments to investigate its corrosion properties and the passive film characteristics formed on its surface. The passivation-related behaviors and structures of the passive film were investigated based on open-circuit potentials, dynamic polarization, potentiostatic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It was found that there was obvious active-passive-transpassive transition behavior, and the structure of the passive film in laser-assisted ECM exhibited pores and defects, resulting in weak corrosion resistance, compared with IN718 under ECM without laser irradiation. The chemical composition of the passive film was obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that the passive film was composed mainly of a mixture of NiO, Ni(OH)2, Cr2O3, CrO3, Fe2O3, α-Fe2O3, α-FeOOH, Nb2O5, NbO, MoO3, MoO2, and TiO2. The passive film formed by laser-assisted ECM was rich in NiO and TiO2 and lacked Cr2O3 and MoO3, which validated its pores and defect structures. A corresponding schematic model was also proposed to characterize the interface structure between the IN718 substrate and the passive film. Laser-assisted ECM tests were performed under different current densities and machining times, and the corrosion morphology of IN718 was identified. Corrosion pits and a loose product layer appeared on the machined surface at low current densities, and the dissolution mechanism was pitting. The quantity and depth of the corrosion pits dispersed on the machined surface clearly decreased as the current density increased. Finally, a quantitative corrosion model was established to characterize the dissolution behavior of IN718 in NaNO3 solution during laser-assisted ECM.
Calculation of Bending Stiffness and its First Derivatives Related to Optimization of a Steel-Reinforced Concrete Cross Section

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This article focuses on creating an algorithm for the calculation of bending stiffness of an arbitrary polygonal cross section, including the first derivatives of this stiffness with respect to all the input variables. The coordinates of vertices of the cross section are also among these input variables. The algorithm is in principle based on dividing the cross section into trapezoids, calculating zero, first and second moment of area of these trapezoids, including partial derivatives with respect to all the input variables, and then compiling all these partial results into a final output. A DLL library based on this algorithm is then used in an optimization solver based on a reduced‑gradient method. This solver is put into practice to optimize the given cross section characteristics according to prescribed criteria.
Firm Performance and the Axis of Errors

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Firms sometimes foil to copture opportunities, foil to imitote perfectly-imitoble resources, ond do not solve their solvoble problems. The persistence of errors creotes intro-industry performance variation that is usually attributed to the competitive advantoges of successful firms. However, firms compete on two oxes: the axis of competitive advantage, where performance is driven by the inimitable resources and capabilities of high-performing firms; and the axis of errors, where performance is driven by failures to attend to the activities, resources and opportunities that are equally available to all firms. This paper investigotes the latter, showing how errors produce performance variation not attributable to competitive advantoges, ond discussing their consequences for strategy theory, empirical research and monagement practice.
BASE: a sustainable path for the University of Milano-Bicocca

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Since its foundation, in 1998, the University of Milano-Bicocca has been pursuing the objective to make its structures sustainable from an environmental, social and economic point of view. To this end, in 2015 the University of Milano-Bicocca created BASE (Bicocca Ambiente Società Economia - Bicocca Environment Society Economy), an internal office aimed at promoting the interaction between research and training and at stimulating sustainability both within the University and outside. BASE proposes a holistic approach to sustainability including energy efficiency, waste reduction, sustainable mobility, climate change attention and water and food supply. The report will focus on the interventions recently carried out in the various fields, paying particular attention to the issues of waste management and of mobility.
Curriculum Directions for the 1980s: Implications of the New Curriculum Policy Statement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Social work education has a new curriculum policy which builds on past policy and tradition, codifies the current state of the art and points to the future. It provides a firm foundation for curriculum development and evaluation in the 1980s, and a useful framework for addressing issues of program structure, content, and quality. Graduate education program challenges for this decade include greater specificity in advanced-level program concentrations. In addition, attention should be given to internationalizing the curriculum and preparing social workers to function in a high-technology society.
Microstructure and stoichiometry effects in electrochromic sol-gel deposited tungsten oxide films

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Thin films produced by dip-coating from tungsten alkoxide solutions are of interest for large area electrochromic (switchable) window coatings. The window systems consist, in part, of a layer of tungsten oxide (WO3) on a layer of indium tin oxide (ITO) on glass substrate. Sol-gel processing has several advantages over other preparation techniques. However, there is the possibility of hydrocarbon residue within the films. Such carbon may restrict the electrochromic performance of the films. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) has been used for determining elemental composition and depth profiles in these film structures. The spectra confirm that sol-gel samples contain a substantial level of a light element, such as carbon. Auger electron spectroscopy supports the estimate obtained for the carbon content. The residual carbon can, however, be burnt out by firing at > 500 degree(s)C. Under certain conditions, a sub-layering is seen in the depth profiles.
Utilising information and communication technologies (ICT) for development

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Research in ICT has contributed significantly to the needs of the country in terms of policy formulation, programme implementation and hence the volume of investments in the sector. When Malaysia embarked on ICT as a tool for development of the country with the introduction of the Internet in 1987 by the Malaysian Institute of Microelectronic Systems (MIMOS) through its Rangkaian Komputer Malaysia (RangKom) project, research on the impact of ICT was encouraged and done aggressively. Studies on the impact of ICT have helped in identifying factors that may influence the adoption of ICT and the resulting benefits to the society. This paper discusses the factors that affect the acceptance of ICT among users. The discussion is based on the findings from a quantitative study conducted on 300 internet users. This study gauges the users’ opinion on what motivates them to use ICT and the perceived usefulness of ICT usage. From the findings, ‘perceived usefulness’ and ‘personal factors’ are the main motivating factors in accepting and using ICT. Thus, it encouraged them to use ICT positively in their daily lives as the findings revealed. The findings are crucial for the country in shaping future ICT policies, strategising steps in improving ICT implementation, and in revealing the challenges that need to be addressed. It also enriches the literature on technology acceptance by way of extending the Technology Acceptance Model to include other factors responsible for technology acceptance.
An Approach for Assessing Uncertainty Associated with Electronic Tutoring Performance in Engineering Academic Environment

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Two variables (planning and organisation of e-tutorials, and knowledge of the subject matter, before and during covid-19) are preliminarily considered to assess e-tutoring in an engineering department of the University of South Africa. A Monte Carlo simulation has been performed on the two variables respectively, by making comparison of e-tutoring performance before and during covid-19. The results illustrated a probabilistic performance based on trials as opposed to a deterministic approach. Academic departments may make informed decisions for e-tutor programme based on a range of possibilities related to the variables under investigation.
Production of full length and splicing form of chymosin using pETexpression system in E-coli and investigation its enzyme activity and preplasmic secretion

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Introduction: Chymosin (Rennin EC 3.4.23.4) is an aspartyl proteinas (the major proteolyticenzyme in the fourth stomach of the unweaned calf) that is formed by proteolytic activation fromzymogene prochymosin. The aim of his study was to produce the full length and splicing form ofchymosin using pETexpression system in E-coli and to assay the activity of expressed enzyme andpreplasmic secretion.Materials and Methods: The sense primer F-prochy(+) (5´-ggggccatgGCTGAGATCACCAGGA)including NCOI restriction site). The anti sense R-prochy(-) (5´-gggcggccgcGATGGCTTTGGCCAGC -3´) hybridizing to the C-terminal end of calf preprocymosincDNA and contains an additional NotI restriction site at its 5´-end . The cells were disrupted bysonication and proteins were purified by using Ni-NTA beads from Qiagen under native conditional.The preprochymosin and AS6 preprochymosin were activated at pH 4.7. The enzyme solutions werediluted 20-fold with 50 mM phosphate buffer .Results: Sequencing data analysis showed that the exon six has been spliced out and, therefore thegene product is 114 bp shorter in length, both chymosin forms were expressed together in E.coli.Under the same expression conditions, at least AS6 preprochymosin was produced 7-fold highexpression in comparison to a full-length recombinant chymosin. Following acid activation andneutralization, the purified fractions were tested in a qualitative milk clotting assay. The clottingactivity of preprochymosin and exon6-less preprochymosin were comparable.Conclusion: High expression of this alternatively expressed transcript in bacteria, and properfolding of the AS6 chymosin protein molecule in the absence of exon six are the two most importantaspects distinguished in this research.
Measuring a microwave field close to a conductor

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The modulated scatterer technique can be used to measure a microwave field with very little disturbance. If the transmitting antenna is itself used to receive the scattered waves (monostatic configuration), the method is unaffected by the presence of conductors in the measurement region. However, when the scattering probe is very close to a conductor an additional effect, not allowed for in the simple theory, arises from waves that have been scattered more than once. A general theory is given for this proximity effect; an important result is that the measured positions of the zeros of the field are not affected whatever the shape of the conductor. An explicit expression is derived for the special case when the surface of the conductor is a plane, and an experiment to show up the proximity effect with this geometry has verified the applicability of the theory. It is concluded that the error in amplitude made by using the results from the present probe, uncorrected for proximity, is less than 5% for distances from the plane conductor greater than lambda /6, and less than 1% for distances greater than 2 lambda . The phase error is less than 5 degrees for distances greater than lambda /4 and less than 1 degrees for distances greater than 1.2 lambda .
Investigating EFL English-Majored Students’ Perceptions towards the Use of Technology in Language Teaching

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study investigates EFL English-majored students’ opinions of technology use in language learning at Nam Can Tho University, with an emphasis on both benefits and problems. The study uses a questionnaire survey with 85 participants to evaluate how technology affects students’ engagement, motivation, and overall learning experience. The findings show that students see major benefits from technology, such as increased engagement through multimedia materials, tailored learning experiences via applications, and access to real language input through online tools. Furthermore, students love the opportunity to communicate in real time with native speakers, which improves their language abilities and confidence. In contrast, the research cites a number of hurdles, including difficulty in integrating technology with the curriculum, technical concerns, possible diversions, and the need for more training and support. These findings emphasize the necessity of resolving these issues in order to maximize the usefulness of technology in language instruction, and they offer practical recommendations for educators and legislators.
Treatment of Hiatal Hernia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor:— In fairness to the inquiring physician as well as to other readers of the always interesting Questions and Answers section ofThe Journal, I would like to offer rebuttal to the advice on hiatal hernia ( JAMA 177 :280 [July 29] 1961). Symptoms described in the inquiry were typical of those experienced by a large portion of patients with hiatal hernia. Careful questioning of most patients with hiatal hernia will identify symptoms relating to the gastroesophageal reflux; therefore, the recommendation for surgical therapy must be based on evaluation of the severity. Antiacid therapy for neutralization of the normal gastric acid may palliate symptoms, but the hernia, of course, will remain, in contradistinction to the results of this treatment in peptic ulcer disease. Rather than wait for the described complications of perforation and strangulation before employing operative treatment, repair should be recommended if medication is necessary several times daily,