jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Changes in Subjective Time and Self during Meditation

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examined the effects of meditative states in experienced meditators on present-moment awareness, subjective time, and self-awareness while assessing meditation-induced changes in heart-rate variability and breathing rate. A sample of 22 experienced meditators who practiced meditation techniques stressing awareness of the present moment (average 20 years of practice) filled out subjective scales pertaining to sense of time and the bodily self and accomplished a metronome task as an operationalization of present-moment awareness before and after a 20 min meditation session (experimental condition) and a 20 min reading session (control condition) according to a within-subject design. A mixed pattern of increased sympathetic and parasympathetic activity was found during meditation regarding heart-rate measures. Breathing intervals were prolonged during meditation. Participants perceived their body boundaries as less salient during meditation than while reading the story; they also felt time passed more quickly and they paid less attention to time during meditation. No significant differences between conditions became apparent for the metronome task. This is probably the first quantitative study to show how the experience of time during a meditation session is altered together with the sense of the bodily self.
Surface Engineered Carboxymethylchitosan/Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimer Nanoparticles for Intracellular Targeting

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Novel highly branched biodegradable macromolecular systems have been developed by grafting carboxymethylchitosan (CMCht) onto low generation poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers. Such structures organize into sphere‐like nanoparticles that are proposed to be used as carriers to deliver bioactive molecules aimed at controlling the behavior of stem cells, namely their proliferation and differentiation. The nanoparticles did not exhibit significant cytotoxicity in the range of concentrations below 1 mg mL −1 , and fluorescent probe labeled nanoparticles were found to be internalized with highly efficiency by both human osteoblast‐like cells and rat bone marrow stromal cells, under fluorescence‐activated cell sorting and fluorescence microscopy analyses. Dexamethasone (Dex) has been incorporated into CMCht/PAMAM dendrimer nanoparticles and release rates were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Moreover, the biochemical data demonstrates that the Dex‐loaded CMCht/PAMAM dendrimer nanoparticles promote the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells, in vitro. The nanoparticles exhibit interesting physicochemical and biological properties and have great potential to be used in fundamental cell biology studies as well as in a variety of biomedical applications, including tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Plate assay methods for amino acids. 1. A sensitive cup plate assay for lysine with Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 6057

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract A sensitive cup plate assay method for lysine on large plates using S. faecalis ATCC 6057 as the test organism is described in detail. Well‐defined zones of dense growth were obtained in a rectilinear dose—response range from 5 to 3000 μg. of L ‐lysine/ml. Comparative assays on twelve different samples were carried out using the turbidimetric tube assay method with Leuc. mesenteroides ATCC 8042 and the cup plate method with S. faecalis ATCC 6057. Good agreement between the two assay methods was obtained for five samples. For the remaining seven samples the tube assay values were appreciably higher than those obtained by the plate method. This discrepancy is discussed. Pure lysine added to various sample extracts could be quantitatively recovered. The specificity of the lysine requirement of S. faecalis ATCC 6057 in the plate assay was also investigated. Under certain experimental conditions, a weak and variable response was obtained with D ‐lysine and the polyamines cadaverine, spermine, and spermidine. There was generally no difficulty in distinguishing the D ‐lysine and polyamine growth zones from the L ‐lysine growth zones. This growth effect of D ‐lysine and polyamines could be diminished and even completely abolished by increasing the DL ‐hydroxylysine hydrochloride level in the plate medium. The lysine peptides glycyl‐ L ‐lysine and L ‐lysylglycine gave excellent growth zones of the same appearance as those produced by L ‐lysine. The activity of these two peptides in cup tests were on a molar basis about 70% of that of L ‐lysine.
Foraging behavior: the food choice and quality of honey from Melipona scutellaris latreille (hymenoptera: Apidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Data on the preferred foraging times and identification of pollen collected by stingless bees has led to further insights into the bees’ behavioral and ecological habits, thus enabling the analysis of the honey produced which in turn will facilitate quality control of this product. Present study reveals the foraging times and food preferences of the stingless bee Melipona scutellaris (hymenoptera: Apidae) together with a physicochemical evaluation of the honey produced by this bee. M. scutellaris tended to be more active in the morning during the winter, visited a wide variety of plants in their search for food, and produced a good quality honey. In winter the bees showed generalist behavior foraging many different plants.
FABP4 deficiency ameliorates alcoholic steatohepatitis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This is the transcriptional profiling of the liver tissue from WT and Fabp4 deficiency ASH mice. Based on the transcriptional profiling, we could get the differentially expressed genes, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), gene ontology (GO) terms (BP, biological process; CC, cellular component; and MF, molecular function) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathways enrichment analysis.
2D Video Analysis of the Effects of TheraBand® CLX Neuromuscular Exercises on Overhead Deep Squat: An Observational Cohort Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

**Background:** Overhead deep squat (OHDS) is used in both Functional Movement Screen (FMSTM) and other systems to examine movement competency during squatting. There is little evidence examining the effective- ness of exercises in improving OHDS performance in individuals with stability dysfunctions.
**Purpose:** The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of low-level corrective exercises using TheraBand® CLX bands on OHDS performance in subjects with identified stability dysfunction during squatting.
**Study Design:** This is an observational cohort study.
**Methods:** In total, 59 healthy subjects (age, 18–40 years), participated in this study. Subjects were included if they demonstrated stability dysfunction during squatting and were excluded if they had a history of spinal or lower extremity injury or surgery and/or neurological or balance issues. Two-dimensional (2D) videos were used to record a preintervention (pre) OHDS in the frontal and sagittal views. Corrective exercises using TheraBand CLX were assigned on the basis of OHDS deficits. Subjects performed 3 sets of 15 repetitions of the assigned corrective exercises at a nonfatiguing workload, and postintervention (post) 2D videos were repeated. All videos were analyzed using Dartfish® Software to measure trunk angle, knee separation distance, and squat depth.
**Results:** Statistically significant differences were observed between pre and post measures of knee separation at 0° of knee flexion (P = 0.013) and 60° of knee flexion (P = 0.039), as well as trunk-to-floor angle at 60° of knee flexion (P = 0.020) and at full depth (P = 0.000). Pre and post measures of full squat depth and knee separation at full depth were not significantly different. The effect sizes of the measured variables were small to medium, ranging from 0.02 to 0.67.
**Discussion:** Corrective exercises using TheraBand CLX had several positive short-term statistically significant effects on OHDS mechanics. Small effect sizes were associated with knee separation (0° and 60°) and trunk angle at 60°, and a medium effect size was associated with trunk angle at full depth. Thus, movement changes observed in the postintervention squat cannot be fully attributed to the interventions.
**Conclusion:** Significant short-term changes with small-to-medium effect sizes were found in multiple outcome measures; however, it is questionable whether these changes would be clinically observable in a physical therapy or sports performance setting without the use of video analysis.
Joint optimization of computing and radio resource under outage QoS constraint in C-RAN

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) enhances the utilization of computing and radio resources by concentrating Baseband Unit (BBU) at a data center. It is essential to find a flexible way to manage the computing resource since processing power has become the majority of system power in C-RAN. The computing resource demand of users can be scaled according to the modulation bits and other parameters in transmission. To this end, the paper aims at minimizing the system power consumption by jointly allocating the computing and radio resource under the outage Quality of Service (QoS) constraint. Using outage-QoS allows the resource allocation need not update frequently to keep up with the unstable channel state. The power minimization problem is formulated as a Mixed Integer Non-linear Problem (MINLP). To solve the complex MINLP, we first fix the virtual machine-user mapping relationship, then transform the MINLP into a Geometric Programming (GP) by omitting the Remote Radio Heads (RRHs) power budget. Finally, we propose an over-budget RRH reallocation greedy algorithm to reallocate resource for the users served by the heaviest over-budget RRH. Simulation results show the advantage of our scheme on system power saving and efficiency on resource management.
Precision medicine applied to rare malignancies: A single-center experience at University Hospital of Verona.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

e16296 Background: Therapeutic resources are often limited in rare tumors. NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) represents a valuable tool that can provide biological and prognostic information and guide therapeutic options. Here we describe a case series of the University Hospital of Verona, a center of excellence for neuroendocrine and pancreatic neoplasms. Methods: Between October 2020 and December 2022, 75 patients (pts) with a neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN) or mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasia (MiNEN) underwent NGS analysis with an in-house assay CORE panel (covering 174 genes; 42 pts) or FoundationOne CDx panel (33 pts). We reported ACMG/AMP class IV-V molecular alterations as single nucleotide variations (SNVs), copy number variations (CNVs) including amplifications, deletions, fusions and loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Results: We included 53 well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), 17 poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) and 5 MiNENs. The majority originated from gastro-entero-pancreatic tract (n=67, 89%). The most frequent gene alterations were TP53 (n=30; 12%: 28 SNV and 2 LOH); MEN1 (n=14, 5%: all SNV), CDKN2A (n=12; 5%: 2 SNV, 4 CNV LOH and 5 CNV loss), DAXX (n=12, 5%: all SNV) and RB1 (n=11, 4%: 8 SNV, 4 CNV LOH and 5 CNV loss). In MiNEN pts 3 druggable alterations were found: 1 TRIM-BRAF fusion, 1 SCL4A4-ROS1 fusion and 1 ERBB2 amplification. All MiNENs were MSS; median TMB (mTMB) was 4.86 mut/Mb. Among NET pts the most often altered genes were MEN1 (n=14), DAXX (n=12), TP53 (n=10), PTEN (n=7), CDKN2A (n=5), NF1 (n=5), TSC2 (n=5). The most prevalent mutations in NEC pts involved TP53 (n=17), RB1 (n=9), KRAS (n=7), CDKN2A (n=6), CDKN2B (n=5), CCNE1 (n=5), APC (n=4), SMAD4 (n=3). The mutational rate in NETs was 2.7 with a mTMB of 6.5; the mutational rate in NECs was 5.3 with a mTMB of 7.3 mut/Mb. In NET and NEC 23 actionable mutations were reported. In pancreatic NENs, DAXX mutation was present in 29% of NET G3 and absent in NEC cases. Among G1-G2 NET pts treated with PRRT in 2nd or further lines with a follow-up longer than 60 months (n=17), 6 (35%) were DAXX mutated and all (100%) were still alive at 5 years, compared to 7/11 (64%) in the DAXX wild type (wt) group. Focusing on NET with Ki67% between 3% and 55% (n=45), TP53 wt pts (n=35, 78%) showed a better median overall survival (mOS) than TP53 mutated (n=10, 22%) pts (131.3 vs 56.7 months; p= 0.0433). Conclusions: Our data support the role of NGS in pancreatic rare histologies. This work highlighted the negative prognostic role of TP53 status in G2-G3 NETs, the potential predictive role of DAXX in G1-G2 NET treated with PRRT and its contribution to the differential diagnosis between NET and NEC. Our findings suggest that the pathogenesis in NET is mostly mediated by defects in tumor suppressor genes, while the role of oncogene alterations seem to acquire more importance with increasingly poor differentiation.
Archaeological heritage of the island of Brač

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Sabrani su svi podaci o arheoloskim nalazima na otoku Bracu, na temelju dosadasnjih obajava te cjelovitog pregleda i dokumentiranja otoka koje su obavili suradnici međunarodnog projekta Adriatic Islands project. Uz sažete prikaze istraživanja, stanja zastite spomenika i prapovijesni i povijesni razvoj, ovdje se nalaze i iscrpan pregled antickih pisanih izvora (tekstovi) te potpuni informatizirani niz temeljnih podataka za sva poznata nalazista, zajedno s preglednim kartama.
Reassessing John Steinbeck’s modernism: myth, ritual, and a land full of ghosts in “To a God Unknown”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The aim of this paper is to reassess John Steinbeck’s presence and significance within American modernism by advancing a myth-critical reading of his early novel “To a God Unknown” (1933). Considering the interplay between this novel and the precedent literary tradition and other contextual aspects that might have influenced Steinbeck’s text, this study explores Steinbeck’s often disregarded novel as an eloquent demonstration of the malleability of myths characteristic of Anglo-American modernism. Taking myth-ritualism—the most prominent approach to myth at the time—as a critical prism to reappraise Steinbeck’s own reshaping of modernist aesthetics, this article examines recurrent frustrated and misguided ritual patterns along with the rewriting of flouted mythical motifs as a series of aesthetic choices that give shape and meaning to a state of stagnation common to the post-war American literary landscapes, but now exacerbated as it has finally spread, as a plague of perverse remythologization, to the Eden of the West.
Utility of Intraoperative Frozen Section in the Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Intraoperative frozen section (FS) is an effective diagnostic test for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). We evaluated the diagnostic characteristics of single- and multiplex-site intraoperative FS, and evaluated the results of single-site FS combined with those of C-reactive protein (CRP) level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) for assessing PJI. Methods: We studied 156 painful joint arthroplasties in 152 consecutive patients presenting for revision total joint arthroplasty due to PJI. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to determine the optimal cutoff values for CRP level, ESR, and intraoperative FS histopathology. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy of the diagnostic tests were assessed using a 262 table. Results: We investigated the diagnostic utility of polymorphonuclear leukocyte number (PMN) per high-power field (HPF) on FS. Our data showed that 5 PMNs per HPF is a suitable diagnostic threshold, with a high accuracy in single- and multiplex-site FS. Five PMNs in any 1 of 5 sites had the highest sensitivity of 0.86 and a specificity of 0.96. Five PMNs in every 1 of 5 sites had greater diagnostic utility, with a specificity of 1; however, the sensitivity of this measure fell to 0.62. Five PMNs in single-site FS had a sensitivity of 0.70 and a specificity of 0.94. Five PMNs in single-site FS or CRP level $15 mg/L increased the sensitivity to 0.92; however, the specificity decreased to 0.79. Conclusion: Compared with single-site FS, any 1 positive site on multiplex-site FS may improve sensitivity, while every 1
Optical absorption issues in CdGeAs 2 single crystals

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Cadmium germanium diarsenide (CdGeAs2,) crystals are very promising for infrared second harmonic generation. However, their use has been limited by optical absorption in the 5 pm region. The role of composition and dopants has been extensively studied, and some point defects have been identified which do affect transparency. While some low absorption material has been produced, it has not been reproducible and variations within boules have been a serious problem. In this paper, which reviews some recent work on this problem, we describe a surprising and complex correlation between optical transparency, dislocations and point defects.
Contact Modeling and Performance Evaluation of a Radial Standing Wave Ultrasonic Motor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The focus of this paper is to propose a contact model of a radial standing wave ultrasonic motor in order to evaluate the motor performance accurately. The contact behavior between the stator and rotor is characterized by test and a continuous contact on the contact interface is confirmed. A contact model describing the continuous contact is then developed with analytical method. The stator vibration, the force transmission between the stator and rotor, and the output of the motor are analyzed. The impacts of different vibration amplitudes and structural parameters on the performances of the motor are evaluated based on the proposed model. Finally, a test platform for measuring the performance of the motor is built and torque‐speed curves of the motor under different voltages are measured. The accuracy of the contact model is verified by comparison between measurement and calculation results. The proposed model not only can be used for design and optimization of the radial standing wave ultrasonic motor but also offers insight into the contact mechanics of standing wave ultrasonic motors.
African burned area and fire carbon emissions are strongly impacted by small fires undetected by coarse resolution satellite data

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Significance Fires burn an area comparable to Europe each year, emitting greenhouse gases and aerosols. We compared burned area (BA) based on 20-m resolution images with a BA derived from 500-m data. It represents an 80% increase in BA in sub-Saharan Africa, responsible for about 70% of global BA. This difference is predominately (87%) attributed to small fires (<100 ha), which account for 41% of total BA but only for 5% in coarse-resolution products. We found that African fires were responsible for emissions of 1.44 PgC, 31–101% higher than previous estimates and representing 14% of global CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel burning. We conclude that small fires are critically important in characterizing the most important disturbance agent on a global scale.
Salvation and the Thirty-Nine Articles

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Perkins contributed significantly to the English and European discussion of the controversial issues of salvation and predestination. He wrote two important Latin treatises on the subject, both intended for a scholarly audience. They grew out of controversies in Cambridge. The first book, translated almost at once into English as A Golden Chaine (1591), became one of his most widely read treatises. Its argument is consistent with Article XVII of the Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion, authorized by the Queen in 1571. Archbishop Whigift’s Lambeth Articles of 1595 covered much of the same ground and was intended to put an end to a stubborn and damaging controversy, but was never officially authorized by the Queen. Perkins’s discussion of the doctrine of predestination was far more discursive and was based on an analysis of key passages of scripture. Perkins’s second treatise provoked the Dutch theologian Jacob Arminius into challenging the prevailing teachings of the Reformed Church in the Netherlands.
Rhodamine‐based force‐sensitive organic polysiloxane for hardness recognition of inorganic particles

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The mechanochromic materials can respond to environmental changes by altering the optical properties of the system, which has garnered significant attention in recently. The utilization of these materials for the purpose of sensing tensile and compressive stress has been extensively documented. However, the mechanochromic polymer that can effectively discriminate hardness of inorganic particles is still rarely reported. In this article, a force‐sensitive organic polysiloxane was developed by introducing triethenyl‐substituted rhodamine derivatives crosslinker into the polymethylhydrosiloxane network through hydrosilylation addition reaction. The results demonstrated that the grinding of the crosslinked polysiloxane effectively facilitated the transmission of external force to the polymeric network, leading to an open ring isomerization of rhodamine accompanied by significant alterations in visible and fluorescent color. In addition, we found that the optical properties of the system showed distinct variations when the inorganic particles with different Moh's hardness were co‐ground with the polysiloxane. High Moh's hardness particles, such as Al 2 O 3 , could effectively trigger the mechanochromic behavior of the polymer, while Na 2 SO 4 particles with low hardness failed to induce the corresponding change. Therefore, this organic polysiloxane could be used as a potential fluorescent indicator for hardness recognition.
Formal analysis of intrusion detection systems for high speed networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract:- Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) is an important and practical tool for network security. To guarantee a precise detection, the NIDS must detect packets at a wire speed. However, with the recent trend of high-speed networks, the capability of a single NIDS cannot meet the speed’s demand, resulting in rising of false negatives. To address this problem, Specification-based techniques have been proposed as a promising alternative that combine the strengths of misuse and anomaly detection. In this paper, we present an event calculus (EC) based framework towards the formal analysis of NIDS. This framework checks that security requirements and assumptions are preserved at run-time by monitoring the satisfaction of EC formulas that formalize them using the detection rules. This can be done by observing the network at run-time and checking observations against specified network behavior trying to detect deviations from what is specified.