jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Pharmaceutical sales performance

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose To date, a general self‐efficacy concept has been the standard model for prediction of sales performance, and there has yet to be a published study that combines the three variables: sales performance, self‐efficacy, and sales communication behaviors. It is proposed that a model which takes into account the behaviors of getting, giving, using, and planning, and the self‐efficacy of these behaviors, will be a better predictor of sales performance in sales representatives. Design/methodology/approach This study used a sampling of 110 pharmaceutical sales representatives to measure general self‐efficacy, specific self‐efficacy, behaviors, and sales performance. With the data, the research tested nine hypotheses. Findings The self‐efficacy of behaviors such as getting, giving, using, and planning are positively correlated with performance of these behaviors. Increased self‐efficacy of behaviors actually proved to decrease performance of those behaviors, yet the increase in behaviors resulted in increased sales performance. Originality/value The differentiation of specific self‐efficacy, with regard to the behaviors of getting, giving, using, and planning, proved to be a superior indicator of sales performance as opposed to general self‐efficacy. Although the findings of this study were not what was originally intended, the inverse nature of the results prove that a model of this nature will assist management in predicting and managing levels of productivity within their sales force.
Digital Twin Insights from a Green Star-Rated Learning Environment

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study investigates the application of digital twin technology to enhance energy efficiency and indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in a Green Star-rated learning environment. Focusing on Nelson Mandela University’s Business School, the research employed a mono-method quantitative approach, gathering real-time data through IoT sensors. The sensors were integrated into a digital twin platform using AWS IoT TwinMaker, enabling multi-sensor collaborative visualisation of building performance data. Findings reveal that CO₂ levels frequently exceeded recommended limits, even at moderate occupancy, indicating ventilation inadequacies. Additionally, the performance gap between design expectations and operational outcomes was highlighted, especially regarding energy efficiency and IEQ, suggesting a need for more responsive building systems. Analysis of venue utilisation showed patterns of underuse, particularly on weekends, presenting an opportunity for optimising HVAC and lighting schedules to align with actual occupancy trends. The study demonstrates the potential of digital twins for real-time monitoring and data-driven decision-making, offering actionable insights to bridge the performance gap and improve sustainability in educational facilities. Future research could expand on these findings by exploring AI integration for predictive maintenance and enhanced energy management, further advancing the role of digital twins in sustainable building practices.
Fermenting dried maize cobs with the fungus Pleurotus eryngii increased the content of crude protein and in vitro gas production

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective of this experiment was to determine the nutrients value and total gas production of dried maize cobs (DCC) after fermented with the fungus Pleurotus eryngii. In experiment 1, the dried maize cobs was treated with P. eryngii at the concentrations of 2.5% of wet weight of substrate for 2 and 4 weeks. Each experimental treatment was done in 3 replicates. Results showed that fungal treatment increased the CP content and reduced NDF, ADF and ADL of the DCC. The content of NDF and ADL was lowest, while the content of CP was highest when incubating the DCC with P. eryngii for 4 weeks. In experiment 2, the DCC and fungal treated DCC were incubated for 72h in the buffer rumen fluid mixture. Results showed that total gas production after 72h incubation was highest when the DCC was treated with P. eryngii for 4 weeks. Based on the results mentioned above, it could be concluded that Pleurotus eryngii can be used to improve nutrients value of dried maize cobs in Vietnam.
New transmission line structure with suppressed eddy current effects

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A new transmission line structure is presented which features suppression of eddy currents and skin-effect. This results in lower loss and lower frequency dependence of line parameters. Transmission lines were fabricated in a standard digital CMOS process with 3 metal layers and low resistance substrate. Measurements were performed and the successful reduction of eddy currents in the metal conductors could clearly be identified.
Modular brain network in volitional eyes closing: enhanced integration with a marked impact on hubs

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Volitional eyes closing would shift brain’s information processing modes from the “exteroceptive” to “interoceptive” state. This transition induced by the eyes closing is underpinned by a large-scale reconfiguration of brain network, which is still not fully comprehended. Here, we investigated the eyes-closing-relevant network reconfiguration by examining the functional integration among intrinsic modules. Our investigation utilized a publicly available dataset with 48 subjects being scanned in both eyes closed and eyes open conditions. It was found that the modular integration was significantly enhanced during the eyes closing, including lower modularity index, higher participation coefficient, less provincial hubs, and more connector hubs. Moreover, the eyes-closing-enhanced integration was particularly noticeable in the hubs of network, mainly located in the default-mode network. Finally, the hub-dominant modular enhancement was positively correlated to the eyes-closing-reduced entropy of BOLD signal, suggesting a close connection to the diminished consciousness of individuals. Collectively, our findings strongly suggested that the enhanced modular integration with substantially reorganized hubs characterized the large-scale cortical underpinning of the volitional eyes closing.
Biology of a Novel Organic Solute and Steroid Transporter, OSTΑ-OSTβ

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Using a comparative approach, recent studies have identified and functionally characterized a new type of organic solute and steroid transporter (OST) from skate, mouse, rat, and human genomes. In contrast to all other organic anion transporters identified to date, transport activity requires the coexpression of two distinct gene products, a predicted 340–amino acid, seven-transmembrane (TM) domain protein (OSTΑ) and a putative 128–amino acid, single-TM domain ancillary polypeptide (OSTβ). When OSTΑ and OSTβ are coexpressed in Xenopus oocytes, they are able to mediate transport of estrone 3-sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate, taurocholate, digoxin, and prostaglandin E 2 , indicating a role in the disposition of key cellular metabolites or signaling molecules. OSTΑ and OSTβ are expressed at relatively high levels in intestine, kidney, and liver, but they are also expressed at lower levels in many human tissues. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that intestinal OSTΑ and OSTβ proteins are localized to the baso-lateral membrane of mouse enterocytes. In MDCK cells, mouse OstΑ–Ostβ mediated the vectorial movement of taurocholate from the apical to the basolateral membrane, but not in the opposite direction, indicating basolateral efflux of bile acids. Overall, these findings indicate that OSTΑ-OSTβ is a heteromeric transporter that is localized to the basolateral membrane of specific epithelial tissues and serves to regulate the export and disposition of bile acids and structurally related compounds from the cell. If confirmed, this model would have important implications for the body's handling of various steroid-derived molecules and may provide a new pharmacologic target for altering sterol homeostasis.
Patients’ perspectives on the challenges associated with receiving non-oral pulmonary arterial hypertension treatment: a mixed methods study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Impaired quality of life (QoL) among pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients has been often attributed to increased symptomatology, functional disability, and poor mental health; however, the unique impact that PAH treatments may exert on the daily lives of patients remains underexplored. Objectives: To gain insight into the day-to-day challenges associated with receiving non-oral PAH treatments, and the specific impact these may exert on patients’ QoL, above and beyond that exerted by PAH itself. Design: Explanatory sequential mixed methods design. Methods: Eighty-three PAH patients provided information on demographic and clinical characteristics, and completed measures of symptomatology, functional disability, QoL, psychological well-being, and perceived stress. Nine of these patients also participated in a focused group discussion and interviews. Results: No group differences in symptomatology and functional disability were observed between patients receiving oral-only and non-oral PAH therapy; however, patients on non-oral therapy reported poorer QoL, after taking into consideration the effect of relevant covariates (i.e., age, level of symptomatology and functional disability, psychological well-being, and perceived stress) that could have confounded the observed group differences in QoL. Participants who started on non-oral medications acknowledged they had experienced significant improvements in health status. However, they also stated that transitioning from oral to non-oral therapy elicited great apprehension and that non-oral therapy regimens interfered with daily activities, resulted in added difficulties for self-management, and negatively impacted their subjective well-being. Conclusion: Non-oral therapy regimens may pose challenges beyond those posed by PAH itself, potentially resulting in an added burden to the QoL of PAH patients.
Treatment of Recurrent Herpes Simplex

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

those listed which give considerable force to the belief that this substance is a most useful therapeutic agent in the treatment of the iso- lated attack, both in the eye and on the skin.It would be a pity if your readers were led to the supposition that this substance should not at least be tried when dealing with such lesions.I would like to point out how important it is that the correct regimen is adhered to.In many cases my colleagues have approached me about the apparent ineffectiveness of the drug.On inquiry it has appeared that their notions of both the indications and administration have been somewhat astray.It should further be borne in mind that it is essential that treatment begin at the very earliest stage of the disease.It is hardly rational to expect much effect from any antiviral agent when the full tissue picture has developed.One might per- haps except the cornea and its own rather individual circumstances.-Iam, etc., Brighton.
Controllable Strategy of Metal–Organic Framework Structural Stability: Regulation of Ligand Electronegativity by Esterification

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Structural stability of metal–organic framework (MOF) is crucial for their application, and thus it is of great significance to construct MOFs with controllable structural stability. Herein, a strategy based on adjusting the electronic environment of ligands to regulate the structure stability of MOF is proposed. Briefly, a novel Zr‐MOF (Zr‐TA) with hydroxyl groups is synthesized. The hydroxyl groups are esterified to obtain ester groups with stronger electronegativity, which can weaken the strength of coordination between metal ion and ligand, thereby regulating the structure stability of the Zr‐MOF. Notably, this strategy can achieve controllable adjustment of the structure by adding modifiers at the appropriate time. In this work, this strategy is used to greatly improving the binding ability of MOF and collagen fibers, the hydrothermal stability of crosslinked collagen fibers is enhanced by 82.6%. Surprisingly, this strategy can also be applied to other application fields that require dynamic changes in structural stability of MOF. It will open up a new pathway for controlling the structural stability and application performance of MOF.
Description of the puparium of Cyphomyia albitarsis (Diptera: Stratiomyidae: Clitellariinae) from Colombia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The puparium of Cyphomyia albitarsis (Fabricius, 1805) is described and illustrated for the first time, based on six puparia, of which five emerged into adults. In Cyphomyia Wiedemann, 1819, the immature stages (6 th instar larva or puparia) of only eight species are known ( Cyphomyia aurifrons Wiedemann, 1830, C. bicarinata Williston, 1900, C. erecta Mc-Fadden, 1969, C. leucocephala Wiedemann, 1819, C. marginata Loew, 1866, C. picta Schiner, 1868, C. pilossisima Gerstaecker, 1857, and C. souzalopesi Iide, 1967), which represents only 9% of the Cyphomyia species described. In addition, some features of the previously known immature stages of the genus are summarized and compared with the puparium of C. albitarsis .
[The Dutch College of General Practitioners' practice guideline 'Parkinson's disease' in summary].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Parkinson's disease is characterised by bradykinesia in combination with one or more of the following symptoms: rigidity, resting tremor and disorders of posture and balance. Refer a patient with suspected Parkinson's disease (or parkinsonism) for diagnosis and treatment preferably to a neurologist with expertise in movement disorders. The treatment of Parkinson's disease is symptomatic; to date, there is no treatment that slows disease progression. The treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease and its related disorders involves collaboration of the neurologist, Parkinson's disease nurse and general practitioner. In addition to recognizing the hypokinetic-rigid syndrome, the general practitioner has a role in diagnosing and treating associated symptoms and disorders, and in supporting and counseling the patient and their partner or caregiver.
Artistic Director of Soundstream 2009: Adelaide New Music Festival

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Extent : 4 days : 4 public concerts Australian premieres of works by: the Russian composer, Sofia Gubaidulina ('Sonnengesang', and 'Transformation'); the Polish-Dutch composer, Hanna Kulenty (The Fourth Circle). World premiere of 'Shade of Pale, by Australian composer, Melisande Wright. World premiere of 'Chinook', by Australian composer, David Harris. World premiere of 'Klemser Variations' by Australian composer, Quentin Grant. Plus performances of works by: Pierre Boulez, Brett Dean, Tan Dun. Performers include: Adelaide Chamber Singers (conducted by Carl Crossin), John Addison (cello), Gabriella Smart (piano), James Cuddeford (violin), Trio Suave (Japan/Korea), Geoffrey Collins (flute), Zephyr String Quartet. Four concerts Recorded and broadcast by ABC Classic FM.
Impact of Spina Bifida Occulta on Sacral Morphology and Facet Tropism in Adolescents

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Study Design: Cross-sectional, observational. Objective: To investigate the impact of SBO on sacral morphology and facet tropism in adolescents. Summary of Background Data: Limited information is available on sacral morphology and facet joint changes associated with SBO in adolescents. The association between SBO and sagittal facet tropism is not well described in this age group. Materials and Methods: Lumbosacral computed tomography (CT) was used to assess sacral morphology and facet joint orientation in 100 adolescents with low back pain. Evaluated parameters included the presence of SBO, lumbosacral transitional vertebrae, and spondylolysis. Morphologic features assessed were sacral laminar fusion (graded on a 5-point scale), iliac crest height (classified into 6 types), and facet joint orientation in both the axial and sagittal planes. The patients were divided into SBO-positive (SBO+) and SBO-negative (SBO–) groups and investigated for associations with lumbar spondylolysis, sacral morphology, and facet tropism. Results: SBO was present in 50% of all patients, lumbosacral transitional vertebra in 7%, and lumbar spondylolysis in 42%. Facet tropism was identified in 13% of patients in the axial plane and 21% in the sagittal plane. The SBO+ group contained a significantly higher proportion of men ( P =0.035) and a greater prevalence of spondylolysis ( P =0.013), particularly at L5 ( P =0.044). Sacral laminar fusion grades were significantly lower at the S1/S2 level in the SBO+ group ( P =0.049). Sagittal facet tropism (≥7.1°) was more frequent in the SBO+ group ( P =0.024). Unilateral L5 spondylolysis occurred in 16% of the SBO+ group and 8% of the SBO– group, with vertical facet concordance rates of 50% and 75%. SBO correlated positively with sagittal facet tropism (r=0.307, P =0.002) and lower S1/S2 fusion grades (r=−0.197, P =0.049). Multivariable logistic regression identified sagittal facet tropism as an independent risk factor for SBO (odds ratio: 1.175, 95% CI: 1.002–1.395, P =0.047). Conclusions: Sagittal facet tropism was independently associated with SBO. SBO was also linked with male sex, delayed sacral fusion, and higher rates of spondylolysis, particularly at L5.
Development of equivalent circuit model for electric double‐layer capacitors reflecting pore structure of activated carbon

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this study, an equivalent circuit model of electric double‐layer capacitors (EDLCs) reflecting a branched‐pore structure for activated carbon was developed. Geometrical parameters such as pore diameter, pore depth, and branch number of the macropore, mesopore, and micropore were estimated from the analysis of the electrochemical impedance for EDLCs, combining theoretical equations and an equivalent circuit model. The developed equivalent circuit model was applied to charge/discharge simulations of EDLCs. The experimental and simulated cell voltages during pulsed‐current charge were found to be in excellent agreement. Distributions of currents and voltages in the macropore, mesopore, and micropore during pulsed‐current charges were discussed using equivalent circuit simulations. Electric‐double layers were charged in order of the macropore, the mesopore, and the micropore. It was suggested that charge delays of the mesopore and the micropore originated from both solution resistances in pores and the branch structure of the pore for activated carbon.
Extrinsic or intrinsic motivation? The incentive mechanism to target rural outreach services into remote locations within the county medical community: a mixed-methods study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives The effectiveness of rural outreach remains limited due to the lack of suitable incentives within the county medical community. Based on the Existence, Relatedness and Growth (ERG) theory and work motivation theory, our study explored the incentive mechanisms of rural outreach through a new framework that incorporates external incentives, work-related personality traits and job performance. Design An explanatory sequential mixed-methods study comprises a cross-sectional quantitative study (Study 1) and a qualitative study (Study 2). Setting County hospitals within the county medical community in Hubei province, China. Participants 511 and 20 specialists who participated in rural outreach at county hospitals were recruited for the quantitative study and qualitative study, respectively. Primary and secondary outcome measures Hierarchical regression analysis was used to explore the relationship among external incentives (suggested by the ERG theory), work-related personality traits and job performance. In-depth interviews were used to explain why the existence factors had no effect on job performance of rural outreach. Results In Study 1, our findings showed that relatedness and growth factors significantly improved job performance, with work-related personality traits acting as a mediating factor (p<0.001). Existence factors had no significant effect on job performance (p>0.05). In Study 2, our findings revealed that existence factors may weaken specialists’ altruism. Most specialists viewed rural outreach as a chance to enhance their clinical skills and advance their career development rather than as an opportunity for financial compensation. Conclusion We recommend that policymakers should foster a supportive and growth-oriented environment for rural outreach programmes. Enhancing work-related personality traits may strengthen specialists’ intrinsic motivation and promote sustained engagement in rural service.
A Comprehensive Induction Machine Model for Multi-Phase Power Flow Studies – Application to Industrial Power Systems and Wind Farms

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper presents the development of three comprehensive static models of a 3-phase induction machine in phase frame of reference for interfacing with multi-phase power flow programs. The models developed are based on specified slip or specified power, either at the rotor shaft or at the terminals of the induction machine. The development of these models also takes into consideration load torque characteristics. The mathematical formulation of these models is based on branch constraint approach instead of the traditional node constraint approach. This facilitates the arbitrary connections of the induction machine, namely wye, wye-grounded, wye-grounded through impedance, and delta. The models are ideally suited for application in the present trend of operating power and distribution networks with high penetration of renewable energy sources (RES). These models assist in evaluating the performance of wind generators operating under unbalanced system conditions and also in selection of proper phase wise compensation. These static models compute the correct initial operating conditions of induction machines for 3-phase transient stability studies and EMTP-type simulation studies, to evaluate the precise dynamic behaviour of the power system. The procedure for integrating these models in the multi-phase power flow program is also described. The performance of the developed multi-phase power flow program, including static induction machine models, has been evaluated for various power network sizes. The results obtained are verified against the existing literature to clearly demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methodology.