jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Marginal Microleakage Evaluation of Four Temporary Restorative Materials Used as Double Seal in Endodontics: An In Vitro Study

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Placing a double-seal in endodontics using temporary restorative cements is a common practice however the sealing capabilities against marginal leakage of these materials have not been revealed. The study was conducted to determine which combination of cements is going to be more effective in providing provisional barrier in between endodontic appointments. A quantitative comparative research design was employed in this study. Four cements were selected to be used as double seal in 60 endodontically prepared teeth. The 60 specimens were grouped into five: 10 specimens on the first four groups and 20 specimens on the fifth group. Group A was filled with Caviton and IRM©; Group B, with Cavit and IRM©; Group C, with Caviton and Hy-bond Zinc Phosphate Cement; Group D, with Cavit and Hy-Bond Zinc Phosphate Cement; and Group E, with the combination of groups A, B, C, and D. All specimens were mounted in Portland cement up to their cervical lines, exposing their crowns. All specimens underwent thermocycling for 100 cycles by placing them alternately in distilled water baths at a temperature range of 5oC and 55oC, 30 seconds in each bath. After thermocycling, the specimens were immersed in methylene blue dye solution for leakage assessment. Groups A, B, C, and D were immersed for 30 minutes, while Group E was immersed for 1 hour. The teeth were then rinsed under tap water and dried and then sectioned mesiodistally. The greatest depth of dye penetration was measured using a periodontal probe and was recorded.
Analysis and forecasts of Salmonella spp. antibiotic resistance in Dnipropetrovsk region (Ukraine)

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The paper presents data of the research aimed at studying the species composition of major pathogens circulating in the region and the resistance to antibacterial drugs in pathogens of salmonella, one of the most common zoonoses. Within the period 2014–2018 the qualitative composition of microflora from biological and pathological materials from different groups of animals was studied in Dnipropetrovsk region. Own research results and the results of the regional veterinary statistical reporting were analyzed. Within the short period of five years, 237 cultures of Gram-negative bacteria were detected and studied. The dominant agent in the studied region was E. coli (56.7%) from the Enterobacteriaceae family. The second most frequent agent in the pathology was Salmonella spp. (10.5%). In total, 29 cultures of salmonella infection were isolated from six species of animals with a predominance of bird isolates. Thus, for different age groups of poultry the most common were S. Gallinarum-Pullorum (56%) and S. Enteritidis (32%). An antibiotic resistance increase in pathogenic salmonella was observed for β-lactam antibiotics (cefazolin, ceftriaxone), aminoglycosides (gentamicin, streptomycin, kanamycin), as well as for tetracycline and polymyxin. Taking into consideration the high level of resistance against norfloxacin in the region’s dominant pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae family, we performed a forecast in MS Excel graphically and added a trend line. In the course of work it was proved that the Dnipropetrovsk region is a geographic zone with a stable high (86 ± 3.7%) allocation from different groups of animals of Gram-negative microorganisms. It was found that local dominant pathogens are representatives of the Enterobacteriaceae family (E. coli, Salmonella spp.). This data can be used as surrogate resistance markers. The epizootological patterns of animal salmonellosis are determined. It is shown the possibility of forecasting the distribution of antibiotic resistant strains in MS Excel in graphical form by adding a trend line, using quantitative information on the sensitivity of bacteria. Prospects for further research are the prevention and control of the emergence of resistance to antibiotics in veterinary medicine and agriculture in the region and in the country
Effect of Educational Program about Sustainable Leadership for Nursing Managers on Sustainable Development Behaviors and Organizational Attractiveness

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Background: Sustainability in the social, economic, and environmental spheres is a challenge facing the globe today.Effective leadership is vital for fostering sustainable practices across society and organizations while driving economic growth.Nursing sustainable leadership emphasizes generating current and future profits for health organizations, enhancing organizational appeal, and advocating sustainability values at individual, organizational, and societal levels.Aim: Evaluate the effect of educational program about sustainable leadership for nursing managers on their sustainable development behaviors and organizational attractiveness: Design: A quasi-experimental research design was utilized.Setting: The study was conducted in all (36) units at Benha University Hospital located in Qaluobia Governate, Egypt.Sample: The total number of nursing managers was (110), which includes the following: (1) Nursing Director, (2) Assistant Nursing Director, (4) Supervisors, (36) Head Nurses, and (67) Assistant head nurses.Tools: The following four questionnaires were utilized; Firstly: Sustainable Leadership Knowledge, Secondly the Sustainable Leadership Practice Self-report Questionnaire, Thirdly: Sustainable Development Behaviours Questionnaire, and finally tool: Organizational Attractiveness Questionnaire.Result: About one-third (31.8%) of nursing managers had adequate knowledge total levels in the pre program phase while after implementing of the educational program it was raised to 68.2% and in follow up phase to 75.5%.Concerning to sustainable leadership practice 14.5% had good total levels of practice in pre program while in the immediate post and follow up program phases, it was improved and raised to (70.9% & 67.3%) respectively.Concerning to nursing managers' sustainable development behaviors 14.5% of nursing managers' had a high total levels in pre program while in immediate post and follow up phases, it enhanced and raised to (72.7% & 63.6%) respectively.Concerning organizational attractiveness as reported by nursing managers 17.3% had high level in pre program and raised to (68.2% & 63.6%) at immediate post and follow up phases respectively. Conclusion:The implementing of the educational program led to improve in knowledge and practice of nursing managers regarding to sustainable leadership.Additionally there was a statistically significant positive correlation between knowledge and practice of sustainable leadership scores with sustainable development behaviors and organizational attractiveness scores.Recommendation: Fostering organizational culture which contributes to the growth of the concept, goals and strategies of health care sustainability and sustainable leadership to maintain sustainable development behaviors and organizational attractiveness.and implementing health care sustainability and sustainable leadership goals, principals, core competencies, attributes and applications for enhancing standards and work capacity through periodic workshops.
A good FACT for climate change mitigation

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The global degree of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in the atmosphere has reached worryinglevels, continuing to rise along a steep upward trend.Stabilizing or even reducing CO2 concentration would require drastic global emissions abatement, considerably above 50 per cent. Such a great reduction, difficult to attain within a reasonable time horizon, would entailhuge costsfordevelopingcountries. Most recent guidelines suggest large-scale integrated approaches, combining measures to both strengthen efforts to reduce emissions and boost carbon sequestration.Among market-based instruments, literature indicates that carbon taxes are one of the most cost-effective for emissions reduction,in particular, upstream (or production-based) CO2 taxation,a tax levied the point of source, as it has low administrative costs and ensures great coverage. If imposed unilaterally,however, this kind of tax could entail significant economic costs, mainly through competitiveness losses, and could become environmentally ineffective due to carbon leakage phenomena.Literature then suggests as a viable alternative, the CAT (carbon-added tax), a downstream, or consumption-based, carbon tax. It has the advantage ofprotecting competitiveness of domestic producers, as it is levied on imports and reimbursed on exports. In this chapter, the implementation of a fuel-added carbon tax (FACT), a duty levied on fossil fuel embodied in goods and services and modelled after value-added tax (VAT), is considered and compared with the tax on fossil fuel purchases (FCT), the simplest and most common upstream carbon tax. In particular, macroeconomic effects of both taxes are estimated for Italy. The chapter also briefly reviews characteristics and implications of production-based carbon taxes; examines downstream taxation and describes the FACT; deals with differences between FCT and FACT both from a theoretical and empirical point of view. In particular, the effects of their implementation in Italy are analysed and compared. A technical appendix on FACT simulation follows the conclusion.
A compact rational Krylov method for large‐scale rational eigenvalue problems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Summary In this work, we propose a new method, termed as R‐CORK, for the numerical solution of large‐scale rational eigenvalue problems, which is based on a linearization and on a compact decomposition of the rational Krylov subspaces corresponding to this linearization. R‐CORK is an extension of the compact rational Krylov method (CORK) introduced very recently in the literature to solve a family of nonlinear eigenvalue problems that can be expressed and linearized in certain particular ways and which include arbitrary polynomial eigenvalue problems, but not arbitrary rational eigenvalue problems. The R‐CORK method exploits the structure of the linearized problem by representing the Krylov vectors in a compact form in order to reduce the cost of storage, resulting in a method with two levels of orthogonalization. The first level of orthogonalization works with vectors of the same size as the original problem, and the second level works with vectors of size much smaller than the original problem. Since vectors of the size of the linearization are never stored or orthogonalized, R‐CORK is more efficient from the point of view of memory and orthogonalization than the classical rational Krylov method applied directly to the linearization. Taking into account that the R‐CORK method is based on a classical rational Krylov method, to implement implicit restarting is also possible, and we show how to do it in a memory‐efficient way. Finally, some numerical examples are included in order to show that the R‐CORK method performs satisfactorily in practice.
Improving the sales success at Avusa Publishing Eastern Cape

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Avusa Publishing (East Cape) (APEC) publishes several of the oldest and best known newspaper products in the Eastern Cape. The Eastern Province Herald is currently the oldest daily morning newspaper in South Africa and the average daily circulation of the paper is 25 000. Its main distribution is in the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan area, as well as the area up to the Garden Route and as far East as Port Alfred. APEC also publishes the Weekend Post. According to the financial statements and circulation and advertisement figures of the company, the revenue generated by the company has not increased, but stayed stagnant. In addition to this, the daily circulation of the flagship publication, The Herald, has decreased from 29 000 in 2005 to 24 000 in 2008. As the company only generates revenue from two sources, namely advertising sales and the sale of newspapers, the above mentioned situation negatively affects the financial wellbeing of the company. The management dilemma that needed to be researched was how APEC's circulation and advertising income could be increased. The primary objective of this study was therefore to improve APEC's sales success by investigating the determinants of such sales success. More specifically, the study investigated the influence of determinants such as newsworthiness, value proposition, brand awareness, customer service, customer loyalty, credibility and new media on sales success, as measured by increased circulation and advertising revenue. Convenience sampling was used to select 287 employees working for the company. A mail survey was conducted among these 287 employees, but only 114 usable questionnaires were returned (a response rate of 40 percent). The empirical results revealed that brand awareness, customer loyalty and the use of new media technologies exerted a significantly positive influence on the sales success of APEC. The results further showed that newsworthiness, editorial credibility, value proposition and customer service exerted no significant influence on the APEC’s sales success. Despite the latter findings, the results revealed that there was a high level of trust and loyalty in the editorial content of APEC, as well as the perception of good value for money among both readers and advertisers. The managerial implications of these findings are discussed and areas of future research are recommended.
Regime shifts in the COVID-19 case fatality rate dynamics: A Markov-switching autoregressive model analysis

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread rapidly to many countries around the world from Wuhan, the capital of China’s Hubei province since December 2019. It has now a huge effect on the global economy. As of 13 September 2020, more than 28, 802, 775, and 920, 931 people are infected and dead, respectively. The mortality of COVID-19 infections is increasing as the number of infections increase. Many countries published control measures to contain its spread. Even though there are many drugs and vaccines under trial by pharmaceutical companies and research groups, no specific vaccine or drug has yet been found. Therefore, it is necessary to explain the behaviour of the case fatality rate (CFR) of COVID-19 using the most updated COVID-19 epidemiological data before 13 September 2020. The dynamics in the CFR were analyzed using the Markov-switching autoregressive (MSAR) models. Results showed that the two-regime and three-regime MSAR approach better captured the non-linear dynamics in the CFR time series data for each of the top heavily infected countries including the world. The results also showed that rises in CFRs are more volatile than drops. We believe that this information can be useful for the government to establish appropriate policies in a timely manner.
Microbiome Fingerprint as Biomarker for Geographical Origin and Heredity in Crocus sativus: A Feasibility Study

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Host–microbiome interactions are specific and not random, making them defining entities for the host. The hypothesis proposed by various researchers earlier, that both plants and animals harbor specific inheritable core microbiome, is being augmented in the present study. Additionally, a case for using microbial fingerprint as a biomarker, not only for plant identification but also as a geographical indicator, has been investigated, taking Crocus sativus , saffron, as a study material. Crocus sativus , a monogenetic herb, on account of its male sterility and vegetative propagation, is reported to lack genome based molecular markers. Cormosphere microbiome (microbiome associated with corm) has been compared across three geographical locations, in two continents, to identify the core and unique microbiome, during the vegetative phase of its growth. Microbiome analysis done at phylum and genus level, using next generation sequencing technology, revealed that cormosphere at three locations harbored common phyla. At genus level, 24 genera were found common to all three geographical locations, indicating them to be part of the core microbiome of saffron. However, there were some bacterial genera unique to Kashmir, Kishtwar, and Morocco that can be used to develop microbial markers/geographical indicators for saffron grown in these regions. This is a preliminary study, indicating that the location specific bacterial community can be used to develop microbial barcodes but needs further augmentation with high coverage data from other saffron growing geographical regions.
STS-108-Endeavour/ISS UF-1/Pre-Launch/Launch/On Orbit/Landing/Crew Egress

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This video shows footage from throughout the STS-108 mission. The crew of Space Shuttle Enveavour (Commander Dominic Gorie, Pilot Mark Kelly, and Mission Specialists Linda Godwin and Daniel Tani) together with the International Space Station (ISS) Expedition 4 crew (Commander Yuri Onufrienko and Flight Engineers Carl Walz and Daniel Bursch) are shown at their pre-flight meal, putting on flight suits, and boarding Endeavour. A special segment shows maintainance performed on Endeavour prior to the orbiter reaching the launch pad. Endeavour is shown arriving at Kennedy Space Center mounted on a 747, and is prepared for launch in the Orbiter Processing Facility. The mating of the External Tank and the Solid Rocket Boosters in shown in the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB). The Raffaello Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) and the Starshine satellite are shown being loaded into Endeavour's payload bay. Launch views include: Beach Tracker, VAB, Pad-B, Tower-1, DLTR-3, Grandstand, DOAMS, Playalinda DOAMS (with a close-up of the Endeavour's main engine, and UCS-23. On-orbit tasks include: docking with the ISS, greetings and enthusiastic crew transfer with the Expedition 3 crew (Commander Frank Culbertson, Jr. and Flight Engineers Mikhail Turin and Vladimir Dezhurov), Mission Control and crew reflections upon the 9/11 attacks, Raffaello docking with and being removed from the ISS, and an extravehicular activity (EVA) by Godwin and Tani. Landing views include: VAB, Tower-1, Mid-Field, South End SLF, North End SLF, Tower-2, Playalinda DOAMS, and Pilot Point of View (PPOV). Each of the four Endeavour crew members gives a short speech after landing.
Spacing distribution in the two-dimensional Coulomb gas: Surmise and symmetry classes of non-Hermitian random matrices at nonintegerβ

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A random matrix representation is proposed for the two-dimensional (2D) Coulomb gas at inverse temperature β. For 2×2 matrices with Gaussian distribution we analytically compute the nearest-neighbor spacing distribution of complex eigenvalues in radial distance. Because it does not provide such a good approximation as the Wigner surmise in 1D, we introduce an effective β_{eff}(β) in our analytic formula that describes the spacing obtained numerically from the 2D Coulomb gas well for small values of β. It reproduces the 2D Poisson distribution at β=0 exactly, that is valid for a large particle number. The surmise is used to fit data in two examples, from open quantum spin chains and ecology. The spacing distributions of complex symmetric and complex quaternion self-dual ensembles of non-Hermitian random matrices, that are only known numerically, are very well fitted by noninteger values β=1.4 and β=2.6 from a 2D Coulomb gas, respectively. These two ensembles have been suggested as the only two symmetry classes, where the 2D bulk statistics is different from the Ginibre ensemble.
To the Field Sermon: Popular Reformation in the Low Countries between Urban Space and Countryside

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Among the most striking phenomena in the history of the Reformation in the Low Countries are the Protestant open-air sermons of the summer of 1566. These sermons, held in fields, woods, marshlands or other open spaces beyond the city limits, were attended by hundreds or even thousands of men and women from all social groups, eager for reform. This essay discusses the geographical proliferation, organization and characteristics of the field sermons, which can be seen as an early example of the spatial accommodation of religious division in early modern Europe. It also argues that these sermons had a profound impact on urban communities, because civic authorities were faced with the challenge of controlling the flow of people and information, especially at the city gates. Moreover, field sermons had an impact on urban space at large, as sermon-goers claimed their place in town through a range of spontaneous and ritualized acts that reinforced their goal of obtaining a site of worship within the city walls.
EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF "PRAVAD" POLYVALENT FUNCTIONAL FEED ADDITIVE

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In the modern market of feed and feed additives, a new trend has emerged - functional feeding complexes that heal fish, correct its metabolism, and increase productivity and quality of fish products. Such feed additives include "PRAVAD" polyvalent functional feed additive. The aim of the research was to study the effect of the new feed additive "PRAVAD" on parameters of fish antioxidant system. In order to accomplish this, two groups of sexually mature African catfish were formed. The first experimental group received PRAVAD feed supplement containing probiotics, adaptogens, essential amino acids and vitamins. It was used in addition to the main diet - "Som" feeds of LimKorm company. The control group, which was the second, received only LimKorm “Som” feed. Three months later, the content of glutathione (GSH) and the activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were examined. As for fish reared with application of "PRAVAD" polyvalent functional feed additive, the GSH level of males was two times higher than that of the fish of the control group. GST activity in the group of males and females fed with the feed additive was more than 30% higher than in fish of the control group. The obtained results indicate that application of "PRAVAD" polyvalent functional feed additive in the diet of African catfish is highly effective and leads to a decrease of the damaging effect of oxidative stress. This mechanism is realized by increase of glutathione level and glutathione-S-transferase activity, both of which increase resistance to free radical and peroxide processes.
An application of system dynamics to the management of a DC to AC electrical plant conversion of a pre-war ship

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The objective of this study is to evaluate the applicability of the System Dynamics methodology to the project management of a part of the DC to AC Electrical Plant conversion of a pre-war ship, the MV Doulos. In particular, the methodology was used to conduct a post-mortem analysis of a "sub-system'' of the whole project that resulted in a delay in the project.