jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nutrients affecting brain composition and behavior.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This review examines the changes in brain composition and in various brain functions, including behavior, that can follow the ingestion of particular foods or nutrients. It details those that are best understood: the increases in serotonin, catecholamine, or acetylcholine synthesis that can occur subsequent to food-induced increases in brain levels of tryptophan, tyrosine, or choline; it also discusses the various processes that must intervene between the mouth and the synapse, so to speak, in order for a nutrient to affect neurotransmission, and it speculates as to additional brain chemicals that may ultimately be found to be affected by changes in the availability of their nutrient precursors. Because the brain chemicals best known to be nutrient dependent overlap with those thought to underlie the actions of most of the drugs used to treat psychiatric diseases, knowledge of this dependence may help the psychiatrist to understand some of the pathologic processes occurring in his/her patients, particularly those with appetitive symptoms. At the very least, such knowledge should provide the psychiatrist with objective criteria for judging when to take seriously assertions that particular foods or nutrients do indeed affect behavior (e.g., in hyperactive children). If the food can be shown to alter neurotransmitter release, it may be behaviorally-active; however, if it lacks a discernible neurochemical effect, the likelihood that it really alters behavior is small.
Real-Time Prediction of Oil-Type Gas Emissions in Coal-Oil-Gas Coexistence Mines

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Oil-type gas disasters are a frequently occurring concern in coal-oil-gas coexistence mines. In order to actively predict the volume of oil-type gas emissions from floor rocks, this study presents an investigative methodology to forecast the geological conditions of floor rocks in front of the roadway face by utilizing the Direct Current (DC) method. The assessment of electrical resistance in rock formations, which is widely employed for identifying geological characteristics, serves as the basis for proposing a geological anomaly index derived from rock resistivity. This index effectively characterizes the stability of rock strata, providing an indirect evaluation of fracture development. As a real-time geological detection index for floor rocks that are 100 m ahead of the roadway face, it enhances predictive capabilities. Moreover, when combined with parameters such as floor rock thickness and permeability, the paper presents simulations of oil-type gas emissions under varying geological conditions. Subsequently, an adaptive optimization of the Back Propagation (BP) neural network is achieved through the Genetic Algorithm Back Propagation Neural Network (GA-BP) model to evaluate the quantity of oil-type gas emissions in roadways. This advanced real-time prediction method is applied in Huangling coal mining to predict the oil-type gas emissions from the floor rocks in the excavation roadway area. The results show consistency with field monitoring outcomes, confirming the accuracy of the predictive model. In conclusion, this advanced real-time prediction technique enables continuous monitoring and real-time forecasting of oil-type gas emissions in front of roadways. This capability facilitates the implementation of specific measures for pre-extraction in gas disaster prevention and control, thereby ensuring the safety of coal mine production. Moreover, the versatility of this advanced real-time prediction method extends to early warnings of rock mass instability-related disasters. Through a comprehensive understanding of subsurface conditions, continuous monitoring of changes, and the application of predictive models, timely actions can be taken to reduce risks and uphold safety standards.
Quadrature formulas for monotone functions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We prove that adaptive quadrature formulas for the class of monotone functions are much better than nonadaptive ones if the average error is considered. Up to now it was only known that adaptive methods are not better in the worst case (for this and many other classes of functions) or in various average case settings. We also prove that adaptive Monte Carlo methods are much better than nonadaptive ones. This also contrasts with analogous results for other classes (Sobolev classes, Hölder classes) where adaptive methods are only slightly better than nonadaptive ones.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the First Polymeric Cesium Compound of a Carborane Ligand System

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The reaction between a THF solution of (SiMe3)4C4B8H8 (1) and excess cesium metal, in the absence of either naphthalene or aromatic solvents, produced a paramagnetic intermediate that reacted further with cesium to give the EPR-silent species [exo-Cs(TMEDA)-1-Cs-2,4,7,9-(SiMe3)4-2,4,7,9-C4B8H8]n (2). Single-crystal X-ray analysis showed 2 to be a polymeric structure in which each C4B8 carborane fragment serves as a ligand to two Cs atoms and is bonded to one through an open six-membered face and to the other via upper- and lower-belt M−H−E (where E = B, C) interactions.
A Taxonomic Study on Astragalus from the Karakorum Range of China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This paper presents the classification,distribution of Astragalus.About 24 species of Astragalus were recorded to occur in the Karakorum Range of China,respectively accounting for 14.1%in Xinjiang and 8.63%of species in China.Four new record species to Karakoram Range,One endemic specie to Kunlun Moumatains,three endemic species to Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,one endemic specie to China,only three distribution species in Karakoram Range and four distribution species in Xinjiang,China.
Nō theatre transversal, Stanca Scholz-Cionca, Christopher Balme (eds.)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Cet ouvrage reunit les principales contributions presentees lors d'un colloque organise a Trier (Treves) en mars 2006 par le departement d'etudes japonaises de l'universite de cette ville et celui d'etudes theâtrales de l'universite de Mainz (Mayence), sous le titre complet de Nō Theatre Transversal: Crossing Borders between Genres, Culture and Identities. Comme l'expliquent les maitres d'œuvre, les professeurs Scholz-Cionca et Balme, le colloque se proposait d'examiner les relations complex...
Design and operation of a Transmissive Plastic Fiber Optical Displacement Sensor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays, optical fibers have a wide range of applications in the sensing field, especially in the displacement sensor. A Transmissive Plastic Fiber Optical Displacement Sensor (TPFODS) is designed, which achieves the displacement measurement by utilizing a cutting plate to modulate the light intensity. By performing an optical path simulation, the optical field distribution of the end of plastic optical fibers in different situations and the simulation curve of the relationship between the displacement and the light intensity are obtained. Furthermore, an experimental platform is set up, signal detection and processing circuit is designed. The experiments on light source stability and displacement measurement are conducted. The experimental results indicate the stability of the laser is poor and the error is up to ±1.7%. In this condition, two methods have been adopted to improve the system accuracy: 1. using the high-frequency modulated light source; 2. introducing a reference signal to reduce the error caused by the temperature-drift. After optimization, the stability error is reduced from ±1.7% to Error! Reference source not found. The measurement system has a good linearity in the range of 1000μm-3000μm, and the measurement error less than Error! Reference source not found.
Attenuation of the dominant mode in a lossy rectangular waveguide

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present a fundamental and accurate approach to compute the attenuation of electromagnetic waves propagating in a rectangular waveguide with imperfect conducting walls. The wavenumbers in the x and y directions, i.e. k x and k y , respectively, are first computed as roots of the transcendental equations developed by matching the tangential fields with the constitutive properties of the wall material at the boundary of the waveguide. The propagation constant k z is solved by substituting k x and k y into the dispersion relation. We have compared the attenuation constant of the dominant TE 10 mode computed using our technique with that using the approximate perturbation method. The results from the two methods agree very well at a reasonable range of frequencies above the cutoff. The two curves, however, deviate below cutoff and at millimeter wave frequencies. We attribute the discrepancies to the dispersive effect and the presence of the longitudinal electric field in a lossy waveguide. The presence of the longitudinal field is not accounted for in the perturbation method.
Bridging cultures and languages through cosmopolitan translation: a case of Macao’s Chinese-Portuguese bilingual street signs

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Macao's bilingual street signs, displaying both Chinese and Portuguese inscriptions, embody a hybrid identity, revealing a dynamic interplay of translation within a cosmopolitan context. This study analyzes diverse translational practices, including awkward, favorable, mismatched, and multiple translations, observed through participant observation. It argues that these translational acts empower the Chinese language, fostering novel aesthetics and attitudes while demonstrating the harmonious coexistence and enduring integration of cross-cultural (re)inventions. The multilingual urban landscape of Macao provides a rich terrain for exploring the complexities and inherent nature of translation.
Do prices and attributes explain international differences in food purchases?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Food purchases differ substantially across countries. We use detailed household level data from the US, France and the UK to (i) document these differences; (ii) estimate a demand system for food and nutrients, and (iii) simulate counterfactual choices if households faced prices and nutritional characteristics from other countries. We find that differences in prices and characteristics are important and can explain some difference (e.g., US-France difference in caloric intake), but generally cannot explain many of the compositional patterns by themselves. Instead, it seems an interaction between the economic environment and differences in preferences is needed to explain cross country differences.
Study on Tissue Culture of Rhododendron fortunei in Xinning

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Taking leaves and stems of Rhododendron fortunei as explants,using plant tissue culture techniques,different explant disinfection programs were conducted and using 1/4MS as the basic medium supplemented with different concentrations of ZT and NAA plant growth regulating substances,in order to study the effect of different culture conditions on Rhododendron in vitro bud induction and proliferation.The results showed that the best explant disinfection program was 75%ethanol for 30 seconds and 5%sodium hypochlorite for 10 minutes,and the shoot apex had the highest induced rate.The best bud induction medium program was 1/4MS mixed with 7mg/L ZT and 0.15mg/L NAA,in vitro shoots had the best proliferation effect in medium with 1/4MS mixed with 1.0mg/L ZT and 0.10mg/L NAA,seedling had the best rooting effect in medium with 1/2MS+0.01mg/L 6-BA+1.5mg/L NAA.
An Analysis of the Antibiotic Resistance Genes of Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR)Acinetobacter baumannii

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Acinetobacterbaumannii는 병원환경에 광범위하게 분포하고 있으며, 원내감염의 중요한 원인균으로 병원에서 집단감염 일으키고, 중증의 기저질환을 가진 환자에게 감염되면 감염환자의 사망률이 다른 환자에 비해 월등히 높은 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 충청남도 천안시에 소재한 대학병원 두 곳의 진단검사의학과에 의뢰된 가검물에서 분리한 다제 내성 A. baumannii 85주의 항생제 내성률과 내성유전자 양상에 대해 조사하였다. Carbapenemase와 Class B β-lactamase의 생성균주를 선별하기 위하여 modified Hodge test (MHT)와 IMP-EDTA double-disk synergy test를 실시하였다. 항생제 내성을 유발하는 carbapenemases, 16S rRNA methylases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs)을 확인하기 위하여 PCR을 시행 하였으며, A. baumannii가 분리된 두 대학병원간 분리균주의 유전학적인 근연도를 확인하기 위해 REP-PCR을 시행하였다. 실험결과 3균주를 제외한 82균주(96.5%)에서 blaOXA-23-like과 blaOXA-51-like이 검출되었다. blaOXA-23-like 유전자가 검출된 균주에서는 blaOXA-23-like 유전자 상부에 ISAba1 유전자가 확인되어 carbapenemase에 대한 내성을 유도하는 것으로 확인 되었다. Aminoglycoside에 대한 내성을 유발하는 16S rRNA methylase 유전자인 armA는 A병원에서 분리한 38균주 중 34균주(89.5%)에서, B병원에서 분리한 47균주 중 40균주(85.1%)에서 확인되었고, aminoglycoside modifying emzyme 유전자는 A병원 유래 38 균주 중 33 균주(70.2%)에서, B병원 유래 47균주 중 44 균주(93.6%)에서 aac(3)-IIa/ant(2’’)-Ia/aac(6’)-Ib가 확인됨에 따라 천안지역에서 분리되는 대부분의 다제 내성 A. baumannii균주는 acethyltransferase와 adenyltransferase를 동시에 발현하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 실험 결과는 충청남도 천안시에서 분리된 MDR A. baumannii를 대상으로 한 보고서로서, 항생제 내성유형과 내성 유전자의 분포를 확인하여 MDR A. baumannii 균주에 의한 감염증의 치료 지침과 내성세균 확산 방지를 위해 필요한 기초 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.
Economics and Economic Substance

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The economic substance doctrine has no basis in economics. The fact that a transaction has an after-tax profit but not a pretax profit is not an indication of inefficient resource allocation. Nor does economic analysis suggest that denying tax benefits to arrangements lacking economic substance will reduce the deadweight loss of taxation. Because a pretax profit requirement has no economic foundation, it is irrelevant whether the calculation of pretax profit takes account of implicit taxes. Both the conventional definition of economic substance based on pretax profit and competing formulations that give less or no weight to pretax profit appear to be based on reverse engineering to isolate features that unappealing transactions in high-profile litigation have shared. All these formulations fail to answer the critical questions surrounding the economic substance doctrine: why lack of economic substance is intrinsically bad, and why intrinsically bad transactions are more likely to lack economic substance. Some supporters of the doctrine concede its lack of economic logic but defend it based on its practical effectiveness. This line of defense is generally based on anecdotes unconnected to the actual content of the doctrine and fails to explain why a pretax profit test should be a relatively effective means of targeting objectionable transactions
Increasing level of overweight and obesity among adolescent school girls: A randomized trial

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Worldwide, obesity trends are causing serious public health concern in adolescent girls. The aim of the study was to know the prevalence of obesity among adolescent school girls (15-17 yrs). Cross-sectional study was carried out over a period of four months on 400 girls of age 15-17 years adolescent girls from five girls of school of Patna. Samples were selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected by using predesigned, pre-tested, semi-structured interview schedule. Anthropometric measurements were recorded using standardized methodology as recommended by World Health Organization. Overall 23 per cent of adolescent girls were above the normal Body Mass Index (BMI) (overweight-12.25% and obese-10.75%). Main factors which was responsible for prevalence of obesity among adolescent girls were long duration exposure to TV, android phone and computer, sedentary life style, and poor quality of diet that is rich in junk foods, processed foods, chocolates and cold drinks etc.
richard taylor. Against the Bomb: The British Peace Movement, 1958–1965. New York: Clarendon Press of Oxford University Press. 1988. Pp. 368. $65.00

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

richard taylor. Against the Bomb: The British Peace Movement, 1958–1965. New York: Clarendon Press of Oxford University Press. 1988. Pp. 368. $65.00 Taylor Richard. Against the Bomb: The British Peace Movement, 1958–1965. New York: Clarendon Press of Oxford University Press. 1988. Pp. 368. $65.00. Thomas C. Kennedy Thomas C. Kennedy University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 95, Issue 3, June 1990, Pages 833–834, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/95.3.833 Published: 01 June 1990
Improvement of NC Program Quality based on Shape Generation Motions and Feed Drives for Five-Axis CNC Machine Tools

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Five-axis Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine tools, integrated with Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) systems, are used to machine complex parts and reduce trials and errors. However, these machine tools still rely on Numerical Control (NC) programs and often lack accuracy and precision due to poor quality when implemented in the machine. This research aims to enhance the quality of NC programs for five-axis CNC machine tools by focusing on shape generation motions and a closed-loop feed drive system with Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control. The individual motions were mathematically described using 4x4 transformation matrices, incorporating kinematic motion deviations, end mill geometry, machining parameters, and cutting forces derived from virtual machining. Additionally, a closed-loop feed drive system with PID control was integrated with the new position and angular data of each axis from the shape generation motions model. The new NC programs were validated by machining an S-shaped part and measuring dimensional errors at 64 points before and after using a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM). The results indicate a substantial reduction in the standard deviations of form and angular errors within the NC program quality, totaling approximately 80.73%. Reductions are demonstrated in the standard deviations for the X, Y, A, and B axes, with decreases of 76.83%, 95%, 82.40%, and 68.72%, respectively indicating a significant improvement in the overall quality of the NC program.
Cognitive Training Enhances Working Memory Capacity in Healthy Adults. A Pilot Study

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Working Memory (WM) was previously conceptualized as a heritable trait resistant to extraneous influences. Recently, emerging evidence suggests that WM capacity can be improved by repeatedly using it as part of a cognitive training. In this pilot study, a new online cognitive training program is proposed. Twenty-five young healthy adults completed the training on their home computers. Before and after the training participants’ WM and attention capacity were measured. Results demonstrated that a short cognitive training produce significant improvements in participants’ WM (d = 0.91) and attention capacity (d=0.66). It appears that healthy adult participants benefit from such a cognitive training.
Determination of the fair value of a multifunctional family farm: a case study

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The article analyses problems of the determination of the fair value of a multifunctional family farm using the method of discounted cash flow, presents a model of determination of the fair value of a multifunctional family farm and tests it for a selected family farm. The specificity of the cash flows in a multifunctional family farm is related to the cash flows from financial support, different value drivers of the earnings before interests and tax and their calculation methodology, and the value of created public goods and externalities. Two types of discount rates are used to determine the value of a family farm: market-based and social discount rate (SDR). It is appropriate to use the SDR to discount the cash flow of investment, the economic and social benefits whereof are distributed among present and future generations. The stages of the determination of the fair value of a farmer’s farm include: value drivers’ decomposition; differentiation of cash flow and discount rates and measuring value drivers; forecasting cash flow and discount rate value drivers; value drivers’ composition; determination of the terminal value; cash flow discounting.
Oxidized Cell‐Free Hemoglobin Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction by Activation of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore in the Pulmonary Microvasculature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objective Cell‐free hemoglobin (CFH) is released into the circulation during sepsis where it can redox cycle from the ferrous 2+ to ferric 3+ and disrupt endothelial function, but the mechanisms of CF‐mediated endothelial dysfunction are unknown. We hypothesized that oxidized CFH induces mitochondrial dysfunction via the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) in pulmonary endothelial cells, leading to the release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Methods Human lung microvascular endothelial cells were treated with CFH2+/CFH3+. We measured mitochondrial mPTP activation (flow cytometry), network and mass (immunostaining), structure (electron microscopy), mtDNA release (PCR), and oxygen consumption rate (OCR; Seahorse). Plasma from critically ill patients and conditioned cell media were quantified for mtDNA and CFH. Results CFH3+ disrupted the mitochondrial network, activated the mPTP (1434 (874–1642) vs. 2302 (1729–2654) mean fluorescent intensity, p = 0.02), increased the spare respiratory capacity (30.61 (29.36–37.78) vs. 7.83 (3.715–10.63) OCR, p = 0.004), and caused the release of mtDNA. CFH was associated with circulating mtDNA ( R 2 = 0.1912, p = 0.0077) in plasma from critically ill patients. Conclusion CFH3+, not CFH2+, is the primary driver of CFH‐induced lung microvascular mitochondrial dysfunction. Activation of the mPTP and the release of mtDNA are a feature of CFH3+ mediated injury.