jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ROLE OF USG AND CT SCAN IN EVALUATION OF FEMALE PELVIC PATHOLOGY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND \nUltrasound is the imaging modality of choice for the female pelvis. It can determine the organ or site of abnormality and provide \na diagnosis or short differential diagnosis. Doppler sonography helps to assess normal and pathologic blood flow. Present study \nwas done at our tertiary care center to study the role of USG and computed tomography (CT) scan in evaluation of female pelvic \npathology and to assess the merits and demerits of USG and computed tomography (CT) scan over each other in characterizing \npelvic pathology. \nMETHODS \n100 patients were selected for study. All patients with female pelvic pathology were included in my study. Computed tomography \n(CT) and USG characteristics of different lesions were noted and recorded. \nRESULTS \nMost common age of presentation of endometrial pathology was between 50 to 70 years, cervical pathology between 40 to 49 \nyears and ovarian pathology between 50 to 59 years. Out of 100 patients, 45 patients were having cervical cancer. 30 patients \nwere having ovarian cancer and 18 patients were having endometrial cancer. 2 cases of fibroid, 2 cases of GTN and 3 cases of \nsimple cyst were also noted. \nCONCLUSIONS \nUltrasonography is usually the first imaging modality in evaluation of female patients suspected to have pelvic pathology. \nComputed tomography is the superior diagnostic imaging modality compared to USG prior to treatment. It improved detection \nand characterization of tumour which contribute to better diagnostic accuracy.
A Comparative Study on ‘The Colored Stochastic HH Equations’ and ‘The Minimal Diffusion Formulation’

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The voltage-gated ion-channels within the membranes facilitate the excitability of neurons. These channels accommodate a multiple number of gates individually. The number of open channels fluctuates with profound effects on the transmembrane voltage activity in small-size excitable membrane patches. Two recent models that can capture the collective dynamics of ion channels in excitable membranes are: 1.) The colored stochastic Hodgkin-Huxley equations [1] 2.) The minimal diffusion formulation of Markov chain ensembles [2] In this thesis, a comparative study on these two models was performed by numerical simulations. The statistics of the mean inter-spike interval (ISI), coefficient of variation and spike latency were used in the investigation. The obtained results are useful for better understanding of the efficiency of these models. Computation times of the models were also investigated. Our study shows that the Minimal Diffusion model generally yields more accurate results than the already satisfactory Colored Noise model. To determine the accuracy of the models, the model results are assessed with reference to the corresponding Microscopic Simulation (Monte Carlo) model results. Our simulations confirm that the Minimal Diffusion model requires less computation time than the Colored Noise model. Our findings indicate that the Minimal Diffusion model should be preferred to the Colored Noise model. Keywords: Ion channel, Channel noise, Colored noise, Stochastic Hodgkin-Huxley, Markov Chain, Minimal diffusion formulation
Your position in society matters for how happy you are

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article shows that people's perception of their position in society is strongly correlated with their level of happiness, and thus that differences in happiness levels among countries in different welfare state clusters are influenced by people's perceptions of their relative position in society (subjective position). The study drew on data from the European Social Survey. Two important findings emerged from the analysis. First, an individual's subjective position in society is a more important predictor of happiness than objective measures such as income, education and labour market position. Second, the link between individuals’ perceived position in society and their level of happiness is moderated by the welfare state. In the Nordic countries, people's perceptions of their position in society have less influence on happiness whereas in Eastern European countries we found a strong connection between subjective position and happiness.
Exponent: High Speed CubeSat Radio

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Software Defined Radios (SDR) are limited by their usable bandwidth, which restricts how quickly they can transmit or receive data. The High Speed CubeSat Radio (HSCR) is capable of transmitting and receiving higher bandwidth signals by combining the bandwidths of several individual SDR transceivers. The HSCR performs phase correction to seamlessly stitch the bandwidths of each individual SDR into a single larger bandwidth. By increasing the number of SDRs inside the HSCR, the bandwidth of the overall system will increase. This increase in bandwidth is limited only by the speed of the processing unit in working with received or transmitting data. The system developed in this document is a proof of concept design. It shows that bandwidth combination is feasible and can be performed in real time.
Camrelizumab plus chemotherapy or apatinib in the first-line treatment of recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A double-cohort phase II study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

e18005 Background: Targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) may synergistically enhance the antitumor effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of camrelizumab with chemotherapy (Arm A) or apatinib (Arm B) as first-line treatment in patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC). Methods: This open-label, double-cohort, multicenter, phase II study (NCT05156970) enrolled patients with recurrent or metastatic HNSCC who had not received prior systemic therapy for metastatic or recurrent disease. In Arm A, patients received camrelizumab (200 mg intravenous, day 1), followed by docetaxel (75 mg/m²) and cisplatin (75 mg/m²) or carboplatin (area under the curve 5) on day 2 every 3 weeks for up to six cycles, followed by camrelizumab monotherapy (200 mg intravenous, day 1, every 3 weeks). In Arm B, patients received camrelizumab (200 mg intravenous, day 1, every 3 weeks) plus oral apatinib (250 mg daily). The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and safety. Results: Between July 2021 and May 2024, 81 patients were enrolled (41 in Arm A and 40 in Arm B). The median follow-up was 11.93 months. The median OS was 16.40 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.13-28.67) in Arm A and 21.00 months (95% CI, 16.63-25.37) in Arm B. The median PFS was 4.57 months (95% CI, 1.11-8.03) in Arm A and 4.20 months (95% CI, 0.00-8.54) in Arm B. The ORR was 46.3% (95% CI, 32.0%-61.0%) in Arm A and 50.0% (95% CI, 35.0%-65.0%) in Arm B. Grade 3 or higher treatment-related adverse events occurred in six patients (14.6%) in Arm A and seven (17.5%) in Arm B. Conclusions: Camrelizumab combined with chemotherapy or apatinib demonstrated encouraging survival outcomes, with a favorable safety profile. These findings support further investigation of camrelizumab-based regimens as first-line treatments for patients with recurrent or metastatic HNSCC. Clinical trial information: NCT05156970 .
COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Complex Management Tailored on the Disease Stage

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Despite falling in many respects under the Berlin definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [1], COVID-19 pneumonia is not a “Typical” ARDS. The same disease actually presents itself with impressive non-uniformity. Two disease types or stages can be identified: the early, “non-ARDS”, and the advanced, “ARDS” [2-5]. The staging of the disease is crucial to decide the right therapeutic approach
<i>Helicobacter pylori vacA</i> Allelic Combination, <i>dupA</i>, <i>cagE</i> and <i>cagA</i> Genotypes and Their Associations with Gastric Diseases in the Moroccan Population

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study aimed to investigate the combination of the four regions of Helicobacter pylori vacA with cagA, cagE, dupA genes and cagA-EPIYA motifs to identify the most likely combination that could be used as a disease determinant marker in the Moroccan population. A total of 838 H. pylori-positive samples were obtained from consenting patients, that were previously analyzed by PCR to characterize vacA-s, -m, and -i regions; cagE status; and cagA 3' region polymorphism, were used to characterize vacA-d region and to determine dupA gene status. The analysis showed the predominance of the less virulent combination {vacA(s2m2i2d2)dupA(-)cagE(-)cagA(-)}, and showed that the risk of gastric cancer is 13.33 fold higher (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06-166.37) in patients infected with strains harboring vacA(s1m1i1d1)dupA(-)cagE(+)cagA(2EPIYA-C) compared to patients with gastritis without lesions and infected by H. pylori strains harboring vacA(s2m2i2d2)dupA(-) cagE(-)cagA(-). Infection with strains harboring the vacA(s1m1i1d1)dupA(+)cagE(+)cagA(1EPIYA-C) genotype combination represented a risk factor for both gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer than gastritis without lesions; odds ratio (OR) =16 (95% CI = 1.09-234.24) and OR = 12.39 (95% CI = 1.09-140.81), respectively. These results suggest that the combination of the active form of vacA genotypes, dupA gene status, and the number of EPIYA-C motifs may be helpful markers for discriminating between several gastric diseases.
The Basis of Equality

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper considers on what basis justice may require that people be treated as equals. It begins with an examination of the argument that people are to be treated as equals because they are equals, and suggests reasons for thinking that such an argument is unlikely to succeed. The remainder of the paper considers, and tries to make plausible, the argument that justice requires people be treated as equals because they are individuals. Thus the paper offers some support for the view that the proper foundation of egalitarianism is individualism.
[ The hospitalization of Jews in mental hospitals under Vichy in the department of the Seine].

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The author presents the state of his research about a question not very studied till now in a French départment whose specificities have to be considered. The studying of some fifty medical records and some unpublished documents allows to point out how people persecuted by racial laws have been set in psychiatric hospitals and protected. As for their goods it seems that the system intending to protect psychiatric in-patients during their stay at the hospital has been turned away and used to despoil the patents "claimed or alleged Jews".
Muslim Family Law in Sub-Saharan Africa: Colonial Legacies and Post-Colonial Challenges

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Deze essaybundel behandelt het Franse en Britse koloniale bestuur in Afrika en laat zien hoe deze machten omgingen met de diversiteit aan islamitische rechtsscholen, rechtsgeleerden en rechtspraktijken in Sub-Sahara Afrika. De bijdragen gaan in op de grote invloed die dit kolonialisme tot op de dag van vandaag uitoefent op de islamitische juridische praktijk van het Afrikaanse continent. De vergelijkende historische en antropologische artikelen belichten daarnaast de strijd van een aantal Afrikaanse regeringen met hun islamitische inwoners om de uitvoering van de Shariawetgeving, vooral rond het familierecht. \nMuslim Family Law in Sub-Saharan Africa plaatst de verschillende perspectieven in een vergelijkende historische (koloniale) context. \n\nShamil Jeppie is docent Historische studies aan de University of Cape Town, Zuid-Afrika.\n\nEbrahim Moosa is docent Religieuze studies aan Duke University, Verenigde Staten.\n\nRichard Roberts is hoogleraar Geschiedenis aan Stanford University, Verenigde Staten.
NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DAN PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP CERITA RAKYAT KERINCI “SAKUNUNG-SAKUNUNG NINAU"

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to describe the value of character education and public perceptions of the Kerinci folklore. This research is in the form of qualitative research and uses a descriptive approach. The study used was a sociology of literature study, the data source used was a folklore book entitled Sakunung-Sakunung Ninau originating from Koto Tuo, the indigenous people of Pulau Tengah as well as articles from the internet, journals and other supporting books. Based on the research results, there are values ​​of character education in the folklore of Kerinci Sakunung-Sakunung Ninau. In general, the five aspects of character education values ​​proclaimed by the Ministry of Education and Culture, namely Religious, Nationalist, Independent, Mutual Cooperation and Integrity are contained in the story of the Sakunung-Sakunung Folk. Sakunung Ninau, according to the community's perception, the three respondents said that Sakunung Ninau is a bedtime story filled with advice. It can be concluded that the folklore of Kerinci Sakunung-Sakunung Ninau has character education values, as well as the public's perception that Sakunung Ninau contains advice.
Allelopathy in Mexico

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Studies of allelopathy in Mexico were initiated in 1970 within the project entitled Recovery of Tropical Rain Forests. This paper summarizes the main results obtained from: research about the allelopathic potential of some tropical secondary plants in Veracruz; studies in coffee plantations (herbs, coffee shrubs, and shade trees); the discovery of the allelopathic potential of water hyacinth, and the use of this plant as fertilizer in the "chinampas"; the relationships of crops and weeds in "chinampas" and the allelopathic properties of corn pollen. Likewise studies on Helietta parvifolia and Piqueria trinervia are mentioned and finally research that is in progress in temperate and tropical agroecosystems in order to permit more efficient agricultural and forest management of the agroecosystems in Mexico is mentioned, mainly the biological control of weeds and pests, the use of green manures and composts, and the management of water and biological diversity.
Gambaran Pola Makan Mahasiswa Jurusan Ilmu Gizi di Kepulauan Riau

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Diet is information that defines eating patterns as well as the types of food consumed on a daily basis. Individual health status will be influenced by the use of a healthy diet. Inaccuracy in establishing regular meal routines also adds to imbalanced nutritional intake. The objective of this research is to describe dietary habits of nutritional students in Kepulauan Riau. This study was cross sectional study approach in October – November 2022. The population in this study is nutritional students (17 – 24 years old) in Kepulauan Riau as amount 50 subject. Data collection using a questionnaire by google form. The result of this study showed that the most frequently consumed rice every day (94%), eggs 3-4x/week (40%), tempeh 3-4x/week (40%), spinach 1-2x/week (64%), and bananas consumed 2-3x/day (2%) and 1-2x/week (54%). It can be concluded that the dietary habits of students majoring in nutrition in the Kepulauan Riau is still not diverse. Suggestions for nutrition students to improve their dietary habits by paying attention to the frequency, amount and type of food consumed.
Review of the Configuration Risk Management Methodologies

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract To ensure nuclear safety and prevent or mitigate the consequences of accidents, many safety systems have been set up in nuclear power plants to limit the consequences of accidents. Even though technical specifications based on deterministic safety analysis are applied to avoid serious accidents, they are too poor to handle multi-device managements compared with configuration risk management which computes risks in nuclear power plants based on probabilistic safety assessment according to on-going configurations. In general, there are two methodologies employed in configuration risk management: living probabilistic safety assessment (LPSA) and risk monitor (RM). And average reliability databases during a time of interest are employed in living probabilistic safety assessment, which may be naturally applied to make long-term or regular management projects. While transient risk databases are involved in risk monitor to measure transient risks in nuclear power plants, which may be more appropriate to monitor the real-time risks in nuclear power plants and provide scientific real-time suggestions to operators compared with living probabilistic safety assessment. And this paper concentrates on the applications and developments of living probabilistic safety assessment and risk monitor which are the mainly foundation of the configuration risk management to manage nuclear power plants within safe threshold and avoid serious accidents.
The travels, triumphs and travails of new urbanism: representational geographies in US newspapers, 1990–2012

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper seeks to contribute to our geographical understanding of New Urbanism as an important reform movement by exploring its representational rather than physical experience within the United States. Specifically, we analyze US newspaper accounts of New Urbanism from 1990 to 2012, looking for broad patterns in how it is portrayed to popular audiences around the country – what we think of as its “triumphs” and “travails” across American space. We also explore the stated reasons given for these portrayals, without attempting in this contribution to theorize motivations, agendas or broader political-economies that shape perceptions of planning and design. The paper finds that positive accounts of New Urbanism outnumber negative accounts by nearly three-to-one. In addition to overall tone, the paper discusses the qualitative content of articles to establish key justifications and rationales for positive, negative and neutral framings. Further research might extend our findings by analyzing how New Urbanism if/s “framed” publically on social media and in other national contexts.
Can Artificial Intelligence be Easily Accessible in General Dentistry in the Near Future…? Review of Literature

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Any computer or technology that can simulate human cognitive abilities like problem-solving is said to have artificial intelligence. It is used to develop a computer programme that can easily mimic human intellect and perform specific tasks. Convolutional neural networks and/or artificial neural networks are the sorts of AI that have demonstrated several programme and forecast the success of therapeutic methods. This overview demonstrates how quickly artificial intelligence and the use of neural networks have developed in recent years. Higher efficiency, accuracy, and time savings are advantages of this method at various stages of the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment plans. In order to integrate neural networks into routine practice and to make it easier, more research and improvements are required for their application in dentistry.
Resilience of adolescents, though weakened during pandemic-related lockdown, serves as a protection against depression and sleep problems

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Adolescents facing adversities are susceptible to depression and sleep problems. Resilience is an important protective mechanism for coping with adversity. During the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents faced hardships including being pulled from their schools and being unable to socialize with friends during mandated lockdowns. We had three aims in this study. First, we sought to test whether Chinese adolescents' resilience was strengthened, maintained, or weakened during the COVID-19 lockdown. Second, we sought to test whether adolescents' resilience predicted depressive symptoms and in turn, sleep problems. Third, we sought to examine the role social support may play. In a partially-longitudinal survey study, we demonstrated via a within-subject t-test and its Bayesian equivalent that Chinese adolescents' resilience weakened during the lockdown compared with before the pandemic. However, resilience remained an important predictor: A mediation model demonstrated that higher resilience was associated with fewer depressive symptoms, which in turn predicted fewer sleep problems. Moreover, we found that social support moderated this mediation: Strong social support reduced the negative effects of low resilience levels. These results help shed light on the fragility of resilience, its importance for adolescents' mental health when facing adversity, and how we might support adolescents experiencing social distancing mandates or who are otherwise isolated from their peers.
Wine tourism: a multisensory experience

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study sought to identify the main themes of sensory experiences of Douro wineries shared online by tourists. Douro is a demarcated wine region famous for Port, which is on the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization’s World Heritage List. The research used 470 visitor reviews posted on the TripAdvisor website, which referred to experiences of the five regional wine brands that run wine hotels. Mixed content analyses extracted the main themes from the reviews, as well as identifying concepts associated with the five senses. The results include 12 main themes: wine, view, staff, room, hotel, food, restaurant, pool, service, Douro, delicious (food and wine) and comfort. Most concepts are linked with sight and taste, followed by hearing, with only a few reviews mentioning touch or smell. These findings have managerial implications for wine tourism, contributing to a better understanding of how sensory dimensions create memorable experiences for visitors.
Deep levels near ‘‘buried’’ ZnSe/GaAs(100) heterointerfaces

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We have used low energy cathodoluminescence spectroscopy (CLS) and laser photoluminescence spectroscopy (PLS) to identify the energies and depth variation of deep levels near the buried, molecular beam epitaxy-grown ZnSe/GaAs(100) heterointerface. Using a combination of electron excitation energies and laser wavelengths to obtain CLS/PLS ‘‘depth profiles’’ through the interface regions of 150–500-nm-thick ZnSe epilayer/GaAs substrate structures, we find that deep electronic states are formed near the heterojunction and within the epilayer whose relative emission intensities vary dramatically with beam pressure ratio. For Zn (Se)-rich interface, features at 0.9, 1.0, and 1.14 eV (1.3 eV) are dominant. An additional feature at 1.9 eV appears with high temperature annealing. In general, intensities of the 1.3 and 1.9 eV features appear most intense for excitation depths corresponding to the buried interface regions. These spectral features demonstrate substantial differences in the localized interface states formed under variant epilayer growth conditions. They also provide an effective in situ monitor of heterointerface quality and stability.