jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Realism in <em>FIFA</em>? How social realism enabled platformed racism in a video game

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Platformed racism offers a unique lens through which to investigate technological structures that enable racism. Online video games, such as EA Sports’ FIFA series — which dominates the soccer video game market share through its touted realism — feature these structures. Like many platforms, FIFA enables representations of real bodies (i.e., professional soccer players). But, unlike many games, FIFA enables game players to directly affect the creation/modification of these representation in the form of player character cards. Analyzing a census of six years of player cards, this study found that platformed racism was enabled because the game’s realism invited racism when players tried to maintain that realism. The study concludes that the catalyst for racism to emerge in FIFA was the drive towards realism.
Differential Cortical Habituation with Stimulation of Central and Peripheral Retina

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A digital computer extracted and quantified cortical evoked potentials recorded from the scalp of man in response to repetitive light stimulation. The habituation of potentials from stimulation of the central retina was compared with habituation of potentials from stimulation of two peripheral retinal areas. Habituation was more rapid to peripheral stimulation and also significantly greater.
EOSINOPHILIC GASTRITIS IN CHILDREN: MORPHOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim: To study peculiarities of morphological and immunohistochemical changes of stomach’s mucosa in eosinophilic gastritis in children Materials and methods: 64.1±6.0% patients with eosinophilic gastritis and 35.9±6.0% patients with lymphocytic gastritis participated in our investigation. In order to verify the diagnosis morphological and immunohistochemical diagnostics of the stomach’s mucosa was performed in all children. To assess morphological changes in tissues the specimens were colored with hematoxylin, eosin and picrofuchsin by van Gieson’s. Indirect streptavidin-peroxydase staining method was used for immunohistochemical investigation and the following indexes were assessed: proliferating cell nuclear antigen – PCNA, Bcl – 2, Вax, Collagen Type ІV, TGFβ and NF-κβ. Results: Comparative analysis of morphologic investigation has demonstrated that eosinophilic gastritis is characterized by fibrosis and fibroblasts proliferation into basal and superficial parts of mucosa’s lamina propria, multiple hemorrhages, thrombosis and erosions on the background of eosinophilic infiltration. Immunohistochemical indexes of cellular restoration in eosinophilic gastritis are characterized by increased proliferative activity and decreased indexes of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic activity. Prevalence of the reaction with the use of monoclonal antibodies to Collagen Type IV in majority of children with eosinophilic gastritis was characterized by separate fragmented foci in basal membranes of superficial epithelium. Remarkable TGFβ immune coloration was detected in majority of children on the background of fibrosis and eosinophilic infiltration of lamina propria. NF-κβ expression in epitheliocytes’ cytoplasm and nuclei was uneven. Homogenous remarkable coloration was detected in majority of patients with lymphocytic infiltration of mucosa. Conclusions: Eosinophilic gastritis course in children is characterized by remarkable inflammation, decreased regeneration of the mucosa, impairment of cellular restoration which is prognostic index of fibrous remodeling development.
Hospital Variation in Time to Epinephrine for Nonshockable In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: For patients with in-hospital cardiac arrests attributable to nonshockable rhythms, delays in epinephrine administration beyond 5 minutes is associated with worse survival. However, the extent of hospital variation in delayed epinephrine administration and its effect on hospital-level outcomes is unknown. Methods: Within Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation, we identified 103 932 adult patients (≥18 years) at 548 hospitals with an in-hospital cardiac arrest attributable to a nonshockable rhythm who received at least 1 dose of epinephrine between 2000 and 2014. We constructed 2-level hierarchical regression models to quantify hospital variation in rates of delayed epinephrine administration (>5 minutes) and its association with hospital rates of survival to discharge and survival with functional recovery. Results: Overall, 13 213 (12.7%) patients had delays to epinephrine, and this rate varied markedly across hospitals (range, 0%–53.8%). The odds of delay in epinephrine administration were 58% higher at 1 randomly selected hospital in comparison with a similar patient at another randomly selected hospital (median odds ratio, 1.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.51–1.64). The median risk-standardized survival rate was 12.0% (range, 5.4%–31.9%), and the risk-standardized survival with functional recovery was 7.4% (range, 0.9%–30.8%). There was an inverse correlation between a hospital’s rate of delayed epinephrine administration and its risk-standardized rate of survival to discharge (ρ=–0.22, P <0.0001) and survival with functional recovery (ρ=–0.14, P =0.001). In comparison with a median survival rate of 12.9% (interquartile range, 11.1%–15.4%) at hospitals in the lowest quartile of epinephrine delay, risk-standardized survival was 16% lower at hospitals in the quartile with the highest rate of epinephrine delays (10.8%; interquartile range, 9.7%–12.7%). Conclusions: Delays in epinephrine administration following in-hospital cardiac arrest are common and variy across hospitals. Hospitals with high rates of delayed epinephrine administration had lower rates of overall survival for in-hospital cardiac arrest attributable to nonshockable rhythm. Further studies are needed to determine whether improving hospital performance on time to epinephrine administration, especially at hospitals with poor performance on this metric, will lead to improved outcomes.
Some methodological remarks concerning of karst studies from the system approach perspective

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A systemic approach in scientific research, including Earth and environmental sciences, has a fairly long history (over 50-70 years). It has demonstrated a high effectiveness in research, and its use is becoming more and more widespread. The article considers selected methodological issues that concern the systemic approach in the field of scientific knowledge about karst (karstology) and caves (speleology), such as: karst as a system-forming factor, holistic approaches in karst research, karst ecosystems and karst geosystem approaches, research methods of white box, grey box and black box testing. The authors suggest that the systemic approach is useful in karstology studies and should undoubtedly be used and developed.
A noise-resistant signal-code generation algorithm based on the nonlinear system with cross feedback for secure telecommunications systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The algorithm of generation of pseudo-random sequences generated at the output of a nonlinear system with cross feedbacks and time-varying parameters is considered in the article. The results of numerical modeling on the estimation of the lateral emissions of normalized autocorrelation sequence functions are presented, as well as the character of the distribution of their reference values. The structural-functional scheme of the generation device is given and the ways of practical realization are indicated. A method of information modulation and demodulation of a useful signal against the background of additive interference is proposed.
Qualitative Data Gathering Techniques

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

As a primary methodology in the Methods Map, qualitative research techniques promote the collection of rich and revelatory data. This chapter presents several qualitative data collection techniques appropriate to business management research, such as interviews, focus groups, ethnographic approaches, observations, and the use of diaries. To the inexperienced researcher, these approaches may initially appear a less challenging methodological option to pursue, however, this chapter serves to highlight the inherent complexities associated with qualitative techniques and offers accessible advice and guidance for researchers new to qualitative research, or those looking to formalise their current understanding.
Can Routine Office‐Based Audiometry Predict Cochlear Implant Evaluation Results?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives: Determining cochlear implant candidacy status requires a specific sentence‐level testing paradigm in best‐aided conditions. Correlation of the findings on routine audiometry with those of formal cochlear implant (CI) evaluation has not been performed. Our objective was to determine if findings on routine office‐based audiometry could predict the results of a formal CI candidacy evaluation. Methods: The charts of all adult patients who were evaluated for CI candidacy at a tertiary care center from June 2008 through June 2013 were included. Routine, unaided audiologic measures (pure‐tone hearing thresholds and recorded monosyllabic word recognition test [MWRT] results) were then correlated with best‐aided sentence‐level word discrimination test (SWDT) results using either the Hearing in Noise Test (HINT) or AzBio sentences. Results: The degree of hearing loss at 250 to 4000 Hz significantly correlated with SWDT results. Additionally, 87% of patients who scored <30% in MWRT qualified for implantation using HINT sentences. Similarly, in patients whose MWRT scores were <35%, 81%, and 93% met CI candidacy criteria when using AZBio sentence testing in quiet and noise, respectively. Conclusions: Routine office‐based audiometry can be used to identify patients who would highly likely meet CI candidacy upon formal testing. For example, a pure tone threshold of ≥55 dB at 250 Hz and a MWRT score of ≤35% when evaluating using AzBio sentences collectively identifies a patient who is likely to meet candidacy criteria. Using these predictive patterns during routine audiometry may assist hearing health professionals in deciding when to refer patients for a formal CI evaluation.
Order Management System Proposal Using Inventory Balance Equation with Non-continuous Replenishment

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to present an inventory balance model including an order-up-to replenishment policy with partial backlogging. Pictured in the model is a situation, where goods are not replenished continuously, but only at predetermined intervals. The model is described by ordinary differential equations with delayed argument because of the assumption of a time lag between ordering and delivery.A computer simulation which helps to demonstrate and verify model behaviour is utilized for the numerical solution of the model. Sales data of a real company are used as the input data.Due to the comparison of the designed model outputs against the real state in the company, it was verified that it is possible to achieve a substantial reduction in warehousing costs without a disproportionate increase in the risk of inventory shortage. The authors note that modern methods of functional analysis can be successfully applied in solving an inventory balance model.
Advanced sonar and odometry error modeling for simultaneous localisation and map building

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An advanced sonar sensor produces accurate range and bearing measurements, classifies targets and rejects interference with one sensing cycle. Two advanced sonar systems are used to simultaneously localise and map an indoor environment using a mobile robot. This paper presents the approach and results from on-the-fly map building using a Kalman filter and a new odometry error model that incorporates variations in effective wheel separation and angle measurements. This model is suited to pneumatic tyre odometry errors where the wheel separation has been found to vary unpredictably with floor surface and path curvature. The paper also presents techniques for detecting sonar feature clutter and selecting strong candidates for ultrasonic landmarks. The paper illustrates that sonar SLAM data association problems are significantly simplified when advanced sonar sensors are employed compared to Polaroid ranging modules.
Several key problems in model-based image sequence compression by using interframe AUs correlation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Model-based image coding has received much attention for it could gain a big compression ratio and well form the basis of very low bit rates visual transmissions. Many authors have contributed a lot to this area. However, some key problems are not well solved in practice. In this paper, the human face model and its invariant representation, textural mapping for natural synthesizing of facial images, the occlusion problem in the case of face rotation, real time automatic extraction of face feature points, and a better performance criteria suitable for facial expression analysis/synthesis are discussed. The results obtained by computer simulation are given.< >
Identification and extraction of the faults based on object driven in image understanding

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The paper put forward the fault remote sensing information and extraction model based on the different spatial characteristics and combination of these characteristics in order to improve its efficiency in making the computer information processing system self-adapted and automatic. Guided by the mathematical morphology, data synthesis and artificial intelligence, and generalizing the artificial intelligence technology like nerve calculation and geographic information analysis model, the paper set up the obtaining, expression and analysis mechanism of the fault space information and knowledge. Simulating the intensive geosciences analysis and space decision-making process of the geosciences experts in the understanding, information extract of the remote sensing information.
JFET and MOSFET SPICE Models in a Wide Temperature Range

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The schematic design of electronic devices for harsh environments requires SPICE models of electronic components that take into account the influence of ultralow and ultrahigh ambient temperatures. However, the standard SPICE models of components in commercial versions of SPICE-like simulators provide sufficient accuracy in a limited temperature range (–60 to 150°С) and cannot be used for calculating electronic circuits in the range from ultralow to ultrahigh temperatures. This paper presents modified Low-T and High-T SPICE models of field-effect transistors with the MOSFET and JFET structure, intended for calculating electronic circuits in the temperature range from ultralow to ultrahigh (–200 to 300°С) temperatures. All the models are built using a universal approach, which consists of adding additional expressions for the temperature-dependent parameters of the model to the basic SPICE model of the devices. A procedure for extracting the parameters of SPICE models based on the results of measurements or TCAD modeling of the standard set of I–V and CV characteristics in a wide temperature range is developed. The error in describing the static I–V characteristics of MOSFET and JFET transistors does not exceed 10–12% in the temperature range –200 to 300°С.
A MULTI-MODAL INTENTION INTEGRATION METHOD FOR UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES BASED ON THE COMBINATION OF BIOELECTRICAL SIGNALS AND CONVENTIONAL HUMAN–COMPUTER INTERACTION

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the rapid development of intelligent information technology, human–computer interaction for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems has gradually developed from single-mode interaction to multi-modal interaction. Due to the problems of information ambiguity and operational redundancy in multi-modal interaction, and the inability to effectively realize the coupling of human–computer interaction of different modalities, a priority strategy for multi-modal interaction for UAV systems is proposed. Living cells or tissues, whether in a static or active state, will produce regular electrical phenomena called bioelectricity. Human–computer interaction intention recognition technology based on bioelectrical signals can significantly enhance the real-time performance and flexibility of human–computer interaction and has great development potential. The characteristics of human–computer interaction intention recognition methods based on bioelectrical signals, such as electroencephalograms (EEGs), electromyograms (EMGs), electrooculograms (EOGs), and other conventional methods are introduced and analyzed, and then the basic characteristics of single-mode interaction and multi-modal interaction are compared. Furthermore, the priority strategies for UAV systems under different interaction modes are studied based on the analysis of task value evaluation parameters. The cumulative value, urgency, and task complexity are comprehensively analyzed and evaluated, and a set of priority strategies for multi-modal interaction is integrated. Through the simulation and verification of the multi-modal human–computer interaction software of the UAV system, it is determined that the proposed priority strategy conforms to the operation intention of the user, which improves the interaction efficiency and the reliability. In noisy environments, the UAV system control can be combined with the complementary information of various interaction methods to achieve precise control, which has obvious advantages.
Nocardia otitidiscaviarum causing pulmonary nocardiosis: a case report and its review of literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Infections caused by Nocardia spp. can occur in immunocompromised as well as immunocompetent individuals. Although nocardiosis is rare, it is being increasingly recognized owing to the rise in occurrence rate over the years. The documentation of pleural involvement in nocardiosis is rare in India. Case: We report a case of pulmonary nocardiosis in an immunocompromised individual caused by Nocardia otitidiscaviarum. Discussion: Pulmonary nocardiosis caused by Nocardia otitidiscaviarum may go unnoticed without clinical suspicion. Correct and timely identification is the key to proper patient management. Conclusion: Coordination between clinicians and microbiologists is necessary for early diagnosis and appropriate management of nocardiosis.
Absolute cardiovascular disease risk score and pharmacotherapy at the time of admission in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome due to coronary artery disease in a single Australian tertiary centre: a cross-sectional study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives To describe (1) absolute cardiovascular disease risk (ACVDR) scores in patients presenting to hospital with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and (2) proportions of these patients on guideline-recommended pharmacotherapy according to their ACVDR score. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Single-site tertiary centre hospital, Queensland, Australia over a 12-month period. Participants Patients >18 years of age presenting to hospital with ACS due to coronary artery disease (CAD) confirmed by angiography. Primary and secondary outcome measures Proportion of patients without prior history of CVD with a high ACVDR score, and of patients with a prior history of CVD, who are on guideline-recommended pharmacotherapy. Results 527 ACS patients were included of whom the mean age was 63 years and 75% were male. Overall, 66% (350) had no prior CVD and 34% (177) patients had prior CVD. In patients with no prior CVD, the proportions of patients with low, intermediate and high CVD risk scores were 41%, 24% and 36%. In the no prior CVD, high-risk patient group, 48% were on no preventative pharmacotherapy, 32% on single pharmacotherapy and 20% patients on complete guideline-recommended pharmacotherapy. In the prior CVD group, 7% patients were on no pharmacotherapy, 40% on incomplete pharmacotherapy and 53% were on complete guideline-recommended pharmacotherapy. Conclusion This study adds to the evidence on implementation gaps in guideline-recommended management of ACVDR, showing that a large proportion of patients presenting with ACS due to CAD were at high risk of developing CVD prior to the event and most were not on guideline-recommended treatment. A significant proportion of these events are likely to have been preventable, and therefore, increased assessment and appropriate treatment of ACVDR in primary care is needed to reduce the incidence of CVD events in the population.
Histone deacetylase inhibitor Vorinostat (SAHA) suppresses micropthalmia transcription factor expression and induces cell death in nevocytes from large/giant congenital melanocytic nevi

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Large/giant congenital nevi (L/GCMN) are benign neoplasms of the melanocytic neural crest lineage covering extensive areas of skin presenting risk for melanoma. Surgical resection often leads to scarring and trauma. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (iHDACs) as topical therapeutic agents may prove beneficial as an alternative/adjunct to surgery in this disease. Here we describe the effect of in vitro treatment of iHDACs drugs on primary nevocytes isolated from L/GCMN patients. Micropthalmia transcription factor (MITF) expression in L/GCMN patients’ lesions was detected by immunohistochemistry, in cultured nevocytes by immunofluorescence, immunoblot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cellular senescence was detected by SA-ß galactosidase activity. Markers for melanocytic differentiation were evaluated by immunoblot analysis and extracted melanin content was estimated spectrophotometrically. Cell death was measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and necrosis confirmed by polymerase (PARP) cleavage and acridine orange staining of the nuclei. MITF was expressed ubiquitously in nevocytes and melanocytes in patients’ lesions. In culture, iHDAC treatment suppressed MITF protein and mRNA expression resulting in a senescent-like phenotype with positive ß-galactosidase staining, progressing to necrotic cell death as evidenced by increased LDH activity, appearance of cleaved PARP and necrotic nuclei. This is the first report showing evidence of iHDACs-induced MITF suppression in congenital nevocytes in vitro leading to a morphologic change with positive ß-galactosidase staining, followed by necrotic cell death in nevocytes, indicating that iHDAC drugs could be valuable therapeutic agents for treatment of L/GCMN lesions.