jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Contribution of Islamic Law Concerning The Death Penalty to the Renewal of Indonesian Criminal Law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper aims to describe and analyze the contribution of Islamic law in the regulation (policy formulation) of the death penalty in the context of reforming the national criminal law. Determining the death penalty as a means to tackle crime is a policy choice because capital punishment is a pro and con issue among legal experts. Because the debate about the death penalty is related to the right to life which in international legal instruments and the 1945 Constitution is included in the category of rights that cannot be reduced under any circumstances (non-derogable rights). Islamic law recognizes the death penalty in a crime that has been determined by Allah SWT. in the Al-Qur’an. The death penalty in Islam gives its color with the idea of ​​balance that does not only focus on the perpetrators of the crime but also the victim. Of course, this idea of ​​balance is following the basic values ​​of Pancasila. The death penalty in Islam in the qishahs punishment recognizes the concept of forgiveness from the victim’s family which needs to be developed in the future, especially in the draft Criminal Code which until now has not been ratified as a means for national law reform.
Higher dose inhaled corticosteroids in childhood asthma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Inhaled corticosteroids are the most effective regular prophylactic drugs for chronic persistent asthma in children. But uncertainty remains over the role of higher dosages (>400 μg/day beclomethasone equivalent) in treating persistent poorly controlled asthma; minor exacerbations in the community; or acute attacks.

For the symptoms of chronic persistent asthma the effectiveness of inhaled corticosteroids compared with placebo has been shown repeatedly in randomised controlled trials,1 and comparative trials have shown them to be more effective than sodium cromoglycate, nedocromil, theophylline, and long acting β agonists. This effectiveness has to be balanced against the possibility of adverse effects, but in routine use at lower dosages (≤400 μg/day) important adverse effects are rare. This much is widely accepted, although there are concerns about overdiagnosing asthma and overuse of inhaled steroids, particularly in children aged under 5.2 The diagnosis of asthma must be made carefully and regular prophylaxis started only if warranted by persistent symptoms. The dose of inhaled steroids should be periodically stepped down—and perhaps discontinued if a child remains asymptomatic for more than a month or two. Most parents do this anyway.

But what are the effects of increasing the dose? Increasing the dosage of inhaled steroids to obtain better control of persistent asthma is widely practised …
HUBUNGAN MINUM OBAT ANTI HIPERTENSI DENGAN MELAKUKAN KONTROL TEKANAN DARAH RUTIN PADA LANSIA

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Hypertension is a disease characterized by above-normal blood pressure , usually does not cause symptom, it is often called the silent killer. An estimated 76 % cases of hypertension in people who have not been diagnosed, in this case a person does not know that he was suffering from hypertension. This study aimed to get an overview of the factors that affect blood pressure control in the elderly. Methods: The study was a non - experimental (observational) with cross-sectional approach. The population in this study were all elderly people who come on Posyandu Lansia in Puskesmas Pulogadung district, East Jakarta with sample of 46 respondents. Results and Discussion: There was a significant relationship between taking antihypertensive medication ; have a history of hypertension ; and long suffered from hypertension with blood pressure control routine (p = 0.004 ; p = 0.018 ; p = 0.026). The factors that most influence on the elderly to perform routine blood pressure control is taking antihypertensive medication (p = 0.014 and Exp (B) = 45.5). A controlled blood pressure can reduce the risk factors of cardiovascular disease. To keep improving and maintaining the quality of the elderly can be done through activities in Posyandu Lansia with health education, monitoring the elderly who suffer from hypertension, and peer group
Let’s Clear the Air: a campaign that effectively increased compliance with a university’s tobacco-free policy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the Let's Clear the Air campaign, a print-based campaign guided by the theory of planned behavior, designed to increase compliance with a University's tobacco-free policy among undergraduate student smokers. We hypothesized that individual-level compliance behaviors would increase with greater campaign exposure and that population-level compliance would improve post-intervention from baseline. To assess individual-level compliance, we collected survey data from 284 randomly selected undergraduate student smokers. To assess population-level compliance, we collected observational data by counting smokers in 10 violation locations for 10 weeks (three 30-minute periods per week). Data supported the hypotheses: Campaign exposure was related to an increase in individual-level compliance behaviors, and results from a negative binomial regression supported that population-level compliance improved from baseline to post-intervention. Implications regarding support for the campaign as an effective strategy for increasing tobacco-free policy compliance behaviors are discussed.
Playing to improve memory: how serious games and gamification have contributed to the neurocognitive rehabilitation of the elderly

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The phenomenon of global population aging incites a change in the thinking and practice of health professionals, who are increasingly looking for effective techniques aimed at this age group. Among the various biological, social, and psychological changes that occur in the aging process, changes in cognitive processes are one of the most prevalent manifestations. Thus, motivating and effective proposals should be implemented to train and rehabilitate these functions. Among these proposals, health-centered gamification has become a major trend and is increasingly studied. The authors propose in this chapter to discuss gamification in the rehabilitation of cognitive functions, especially memory in the elderly population, presenting the advantages and potentialities of serious games and gamification against the current scenario of cognitive stimulation, which requires innovative solutions to increase motivation and involvement of the elderly in the process.
Improving classification performance of extreme gradient boosting on small-sized dataset to classify Turkish and Italian wines along with elemental profiling by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

(2022). Improving classification performance of extreme gradient boosting on small-sized dataset to classify Turkish and Italian wines along with elemental profiling by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Spectroscopy Letters: Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 1-12.
IDDF2020-ABS-0216 Clinical analysis of surgical intervention in the treatment of T4 colorectal cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

To observe the factors related to T4 patients who underwent surgery for colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis.

Methods

The clinical and follow-up data of 154 T4 colorectal cancer patients who underwent surgery in the first Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between August, 1994 and December, 2005. The influence of surgery on the prognosis was evaluated.

Results

At the end of December of 2010 or death, the overall survival time was 91.7 months. The median survival time of complete cytoreduction group, the incomplete cytoreduction and the palliative surgery group were 102.9, 18.8 and 19.7 months, respectively. The complete cytoreduction had significant survival benefit than the palliative surgery group. Univariate analysis showed that the location, histological grade, complete cytoreduction and liver metastasis were associated with OS (P<0.05). In addition, Cox multivariate analysis showed that the complete cytoreduction and liver metastasis were independent factors influencing patient survival.

Conclusions

Patients performed completed cytoreduction have a relatively good prognosis. Compared with palliative surgery, the incomplete cytoreduction fails to improve patient prognosis.
Population Count and Management of Afghan Pika (Ochotona Rufescens) in Apple Orchards of Ziarat City (District Ziarat), Balochistan

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Afghan pika is a destructive vertebrate pest that debarks the apple trees in Ziarat valley, Balochistan. It attacks trunks and other main limbs, especially of young apple trees in winter. While in summer, it eats or damages peas, potatoes, wheat, and corn. The damage caused by this pest according to literature reduces 30% of apple production annually resulting in great loss to growers. The apple varieties like Kaja, Red Delicious and Golden Delicious are known to be the cash crop of district Ziarat and the main source of income. To get rid of pika destruction and to promote apple production in the area, the present study was carried out in 2021and 2022. The population count, damages assessment, and control of this pest were done in two apples (plots) orchards located at Killi Zaar Gaat (30°.36'N, 67°.69Έ) and Killi Murdar Kaas (30.35'N, 67.66 Έ). Both the apple plots were of equal size with a 150 square meter area. The results showed in total 154 pikas trapped by steel rat snap trap and chemical control methods using pesticide (Zinc phosphide) in the following composition: adult male 45/102 (44.11%), adult female 36/102 (35.29%) and juvenile pikas 21/102 (20.58%). The difference indicated a high adult population compared to the juvenile. The pesticide killed 52 pikas, including 23 (45.09%) adult males, 15 (29.41%) adult females, and 13 (25.49%) juvenile were recorded. The damage percentage to apple trees was 22% (70/250 trees) during the months of January and February 2022. Out of the 7o trees, 15 (21.42%) were damaged completely, while 55 (78.57%) were found partially damaged. From the result of this study, it is concluded that the high fertility of pika evidently empowers them to respond quickly to favorable weather conditions by a large increase in compactness and by inhabiting previously empty areas. This characteristic enhances its potential as a pest species to survive in large numbers. Therefore, proper monitoring of pest population using snap traps at the time of peak emergence and pesticides with recommended usage is suggested.
[The toxicological characteristics of Gastrofenzin. IV. Its gonadotropic action].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

An evaluation of the gonadotropic effect of Gastrofenzin has been carried out in conditions of 45-day and 90-day oral application (daily, 5 times per week) in male white rats. The experiments are performed in doses 1/20, 1/100 and 1/200 LD50, respectively 33.8, 6.7 and 3.4 mg.kg-1. Functional and morphologic methods of investigation have been used-count, character and mobility, acid and osmotic resistance of the sperm cells, mean number of sperm cells in the sperm tube, spermatogenesis' indices, morphological characteristic of the testes as well as autoradiographic method for determining the proteolytic activity of the acrosome. Irrespective of the application term the highest dose (33.8 mg.kg-1) causes systemic deviations in the functional indicators and physiologic fluctuation of the morphologic parameters characterizing the spermatogenic epithelium at preserved proteolytic activity of the acrosome. The dose 1/20 LD50 (33.8 mg.kg-1) is considered to be effective on the gonads in conditions of three-month chronic oral application of Gastrofensin and the threshold of the gonadotoxic activity is about 1/100 LD50-6.7 mg.kg-1.
Nonlinear analysis of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability at the charged interface

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

An asymptotic solution to the problem of analyzing the nonlinear stage of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability at the uniformly charged interface between two (conducting and insulating) immiscible ideal incompressible liquids is derived in the third order of smallness. It is found that the charge expands the range of waves experiencing instability toward shorter waves and decreases the length of the wave with a maximum growth rate. It turns out that the characteristic linear scale of interface deformation, which arises when the heavy liquid flows into the light one, decreases as the charge surface density increases in proportion to the square root of the Tonks-Frenkel parameter characterizing the stability of the interface against the distributed self-charge.
Cervical tuberculosis. Differential diagnosis and CT imaging.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This paper shows some typical CT-scan patterns of tuberculous cervical adenitis. Two cases are presented which suggested to be a cyst of the first and second branchial cleft according to their appearance and location on CT-scan, but which turned out to be cervical tuberculous adenitis after further investigation. It is meant to stress the importance of tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of cystic lesions of the neck on CT imaging.
A generation between political disillusion and social engagement. How do young people engage in European societies?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Young people’s voting turnout, political interest, party membership and trust in politicians have decreased in many European countries for the last decades (European Commission, 2009; Stolle & Hooghe, 2005). Many social scientists suggest that this reduced interest and engagement is especially due to the increasing gap between the political system on the one hand and young people’s social situation on the other. They argue that conventional political forms of participation are less adapted to the diversity of youth lifestyles and forms of (self)-expression and that political decision making in times of economic crisis and rapid social change is not concerned with the problems of young people, their transition into labour market and their integration into society (Willems, Heinen & Meyers, 2012). The mobilization of an increasing number of young people for alternative forms of social and political engagement proves that the young generation is still engaged in democratic and civic behaviour. Young people believe in democratic values and they show high engagement in social, cultural and civil activities. They engage in political issues, but they do it different to the older generations (Norris, 2003; Sloam, 2011) The new forms of young people’s participation reflect their lifestyles and are adapted to their individual needs and interests. Their activities are more punctual, delimited, action-orientated, not hierarchical, and issue-based. Young people prefer forms of participation like the internet, petitions, demonstrations and consumer activism. Thus, they show rather a changed citizenship than a general political apathy (Dalton, 2008). Our contribution examines this broader concept of participation and takes the large variety of youth specific forms of participation into account. The presented findings are principally based on analysis of the European Social Values Studyurvey (EVSS). The main purpose is to elaborate on the factors that influence young people’s activities in the wide range of political engagement: What are the structural and individual conditions for young people’s engagement in the different fields? We focus on three levels: (1) the macro-level (e.g. democratic culture of the country), (2) the meso-level (e.g. leisure activities, membership in associations), and (3) the micro-level (e.g. age, gender, migration background, education).
Recreation suitability evaluation of countryside forests in Shanghai and corresponding developing guidance

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Recreation functions of city countryside forests are becoming more prominent due to rapid increasing needs of public outdoor recreation.It is significant to evaluate the suitability of countryside forests for promoting their recreation functions.In this study, by using the Delphi method, 10 indicators were chosen to make an evaluation system to assess the recreation suitability of countryside forests, which can be classified into three groups, including recreational resources, recreational facilities, and recreational locations of countryside forests.AHP method was applied to calculate the weight of indicators.By using GIS technology, 64 countryside forests of Shanghai in 2000, 2006 and 2012 were assessed in the recreation suitability.According to the results of evaluation, the recreation suitability was divided into four grades: highly suitable, moderately suitable, marginally suitable, and not suitable.The results indicated that the recreational suitability of countryside forests in Shanghai showed an increasing trend from 2000 to 2012, and lower suitability grades of countryside forests were transformed into higher suitability grades.Based on different grades of recreational suitability, guidance of countryside forest are proposed.It is suggested that development of highly suitable countryside forests should be given priority, and moderate suitable ones should be actively developed, marginally suitable ones should be reserved and developed.
The spectrum of tibial pseudarthrosis with constriction band syndrome in children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Constriction band syndrome (CBS) may be rarely associated with pseudarthrosis of tibia. Published literature includes only case reports. We evaluated the outcome of children with frank pseudarthrosis of the tibia with CBS and compared our results with other reported cases. We aimed to formulate a clinical classification of tibial involvement in CBS on the basis of the treatment guidelines. Seven patients with the presence of one or more constriction bands and radiological signs of tibial pseudarthrosis were included in the study. Eight reported cases of CBS with tibial involvement with management and follow-up details were reviewed. Only two tibial pseudarthrosis united spontaneously after the release of the constriction band. Two patients underwent simultaneous correction of tibial deformity and nailing with band release, one of which needed bone grafting for the pseudarthrosis union. Three patients subsequently needed an excision of tibial pseudarthrosis with nailing to achieve tibial union, two of them had autologous bone grafting along with nailing. Additional procedures were required for the correction of foot deformity and limb length discrepancy. Our findings were similar to the reported cases. The pseudarthrosis of the tibia with CBS does not always heal following band release. Additional surgeries may be required for persistent pseudarthrosis, limb length discrepancy and residual foot deformities. A functional and radiological classification is proposed for the treatment of tibial pseudarthrosis with CBS.
Corticosteroid Treatment in Severe Patients With SARS-CoV-2 and Chronic HBV Co-infection: a Retrospective Multicenter Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background. The impact of corticosteroids on severe patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)/ chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection is currently unknown. We aimed to investigate effect of corticosteroid on these subgroup patients. Methods. In this retrospective multicenter study including 5447 confirmed COVID-19 patients from Jan 1, 2020 to Apr 18, 2020, severe patients with COVID-19/HBV co-infection were identified. To minimize the bias of confounding variables on effect of corticosteroid treatment, inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) based on propensity score was employed. Results. The prevalence of HBV co-infection in hospitalization COVID-19 patients was 4.1%. 105 severe patients with COVID-19/HBV co-infection were enrolled (median age 62 years, 57.1% male). Fifty-five patients received corticosteroid treatment and 50 patients did not. Corticosteroid treatment was associated with high D-dimer level, neutrophil count (all P <0.05). With IPTW analysis, corticosteroid treatment worsen acute liver injury (OR, 1.767, 95%CI, 1.018-3.065, P =0.043). Corticosteroids might delay SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA clearance (OR, 4.963, 95%CI, 2.717-9.065, P <0.001). The 28-day and in-hospital mortality were both significantly higher in corticosteroid treatment group than non-corticosteroid treatment group (OR, 8.738, 95%CI, 2.826-27.022, P <0.001; OR, 10.122, 95%CI, 3.291-31.129, P <0.001, respectively). In multivariable analysis, higher D-dimer level (>1µg/ml) (OR, 10.686, 95%CI, 2.421-47.159, P =0.002) and corticosteroid therapy (OR, 11.236, 95%CI, 1.273-99.154, P =0.029) were independently associated with 28-day mortality. Methylprednisolone dose per day and cumulative dose in non-survivors was significantly higher than in survivors. Conclusions. In severe patients with COVID-19/HBV co-infection, corticosteroid treatment may increase mortality. Therefore, corticosteroid therapy should be prescribed with caution in the subset of patients.
Seven-Year Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms and Their Predictors Among Older Americans

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Objective: This study examined the trajectories of depressive symptoms and associated factors in older adults using an enhanced group-based trajectory modeling. Method: The study sample consisted of 7,573 adults aged ≥65 years from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (Rounds 1-7). Depressive trajectories were estimated using a group-based trajectory modeling accounting for nonrandom attrition. Results: A four-trajectory model including “persistently low” (77.7%), “increasing” (7.9%), “declining,” (5.5%), and “persistently high” (8.9%) was the best fit using methods accounting for nonrandom attrition. In comparison, methods not accounting for attrition estimated that only 3.2% of older adults were on the “persistently high” trajectory. There were significant differences in depressive trajectories by age, race/ethnicity, sex, physical, and cognitive functioning, and social connections. Discussion: Persistently high depressive symptoms affected a larger proportion of older adults than previously estimated. Depression had a more long-term and increasing course in the oldest-old.
Effects of Upper Respiratory Tract Stimuli on Neonatal Respiration: Reflex and Single Neuron Analyses in the Kitten

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Respiratory effects of electrical and chemical stimuli applied to nerves or sites associated with the respiratory tract were tested in kittens aged 6–70 days. Cessation of respiration occurred especially with superior laryngeal nerve stimulation and infusion of water and sodium bicarbonate into the larynx. The apneic reflex was more powerful and prolonged than that previously noted in adult cats and was sometimes irreversible. Brain stem respiratory neurons of the neonate also showed marked susceptibility to these stimuli: the respiratory-related rhythm of 80% could be powerfully suppressed, and only 25% received excitatory inputs. The susceptibility of the neonatal respiratory system to these stimuli may have physiopathological significance in conditions such as the sudden infant (crib) death syndrome.