jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Willingness to perform induced abortion and associated factors among graduating midwifery, medical, nursing, and public health officer students of University of Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: institution based cross sectional study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background In developing countries, abortion is often unsafe and a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality accounting for about 8% (4.7–13.2%) of maternal mortality worldwide. Internationally, safe abortion services are recognized as reducing maternal mortality, and liberalized abortion laws are associated with reduced mortality resulting from unsafe abortion procedures. However, health care providers have moral, social and gender-based reservations that affects their willingness towards providing induced abortion services. The purpose of this study was to assess willingness to perform induced abortion and associated factors among graduating Midwifery, Medical, Nursing, and Public health officer students of University of Gondar. Methods Institution based cross sectional study was conducted from March 29 to May 30, 2019. All graduating students available during data collection period were considered as study population. Stratified simple random sampling technique was used to select 424 study participants. Pre tested, semi- structured, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Ethical clearance was obtained from School of midwifery under the delegation of institutional review board of university of Gondar. Results Two hundred ninety students out of 424 students were willing to perform induced abortion for indications supported by Ethiopian abortion law, making a proportion of 68.4% (95%Cl: 64.2, 72.9). Sex (Being male (AOR = 4.89, 95%CI: 3.02, 7.89)), religion (being orthodox than protestant (AOR = 10.41, 95%CI: 3.02, 21.57)), being Muslim than protestant (AOR = 5.73, 95%CI: 1.37, 15.92)) and having once or less a week religious attendance (AOR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.20, 3.34) were factors associated with willingness towards performing induced abortion. Conclusions According to this study willingness of students towards providing induced abortion services was good. However female students, protestant followers and those students with more than once a week religious attendance should be encouraged to support women's access to induced abortion services by referring them to other health care professionals willing to provide induced abortion services.
Rapid oral endotracheal intubation with a fibre-optic scope in rabbits: a simple and reliable technique

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The orotracheal intubation of rabbits is complicated by their oropharyngeal anatomy. Numerous techniques to intubate rabbits have been described; however, these methods require specialized devices, tracheostomy, or are performed in a blind fashion. We describe a technique for the intubation of the rabbit under direct visualization with a standard, small-bore, fibre-optic laparoscope, which is both rapid and simple to perform.
Salmonellae from Faeces of Domestic Animals

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A note in Nature, May 5, page 730, draws attention to the unreliability of killing the eggs of worms in faeces with formalin.A faecal specimen from a patient infected with Ascaris lumbricoides was preserved in hot 10% formalin in March, and when the specimen was examined in November many eggs were found containing motile Ascaris larvae.although the formalin concentration was still 6%.
[Citicoline as component of the therapy of postoperative delirium in neurosurgical patients].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Delirium is a clinical sign of acute cerebral dysfunction. It is characterized by consciousness alterations with attention impairment and mentally disorganization. Frequency of delirium is 40-80% in general intensive care and more in patients in neurointensive care unit. We tried to assess citicoline (Ceraxon, Nycomed) safety and efficacy in treatment of postoperative delirium in patients with tumors of chiasm-sellar area of brain. 12 patients were included in citicoline group and 8--in control group. In both group combined type of delirium was common: 83.3% and 75%, accordingly. Citicoline didn't influence on delirium duration. Median of duration of mechanical ventilation was 1.5 and 6 days; mean and standard deviation were 10.5 +/- 15.4 and 17.5 +/- 27.9 days. Median of length of stay in ICU was 7 and 9.5 days; mean and standard deviation were 25.4 +/- 33.1 and 14.9 +/- 15.1 days. These results show that citicoline didn't influence on duration of mechanical ventilation and length of stay in ICU. Outcomes were similar in both groups, but frequency of full functional state recovery in citicoline group was significantly higher: 5 (41.7%) to 2 (25%) in control group (p < 0.05). We consider that citicoline therapy is safe for patients with tumors of chiasm-sellar area and lead to increasing of frequency of full functional state recovery.
The Effects of a One-Tesla Magnet on Human Fibroblast Cell Growth

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The controversy regarding the ill effects of electromagnetic fields began in 1979 when Nancy Wertheimer and Ed Leeper claimed to have found a connection between childhood leukemia and power lines. In 1997, a group of researchers led by Martha Linet, M. D., attempted to provide evidence that there was no link between cancer and electromagnetic fields. The study showed that the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia did not escalate with increasing electromagnetic field levels in the children's homes. When compared to the Earth's static magnetic field of 0.5 Gauss, these fields were extremely small. Within the past decade, magnets have been used to treat various medical conditions including arthritis and migraines. Magnetotherapy is the term coined for this alternative approach to medicine which requires placing medical magnets on painful areas to reduce soreness and accelerate healing. The actual mechanism by which, and to what extent, magnets affect the body is unclear. Recent experiments involving Xenopus embryos indicate that huge magnetic fields of approximately 17 Tesla 1 can change the second and third cleavage planes of development. These planes will orient, vertically or horizontally, to the direction of the applied magnetic field (Denegre, et. al. 1998). The potential effects of magnetic fields on the growth of human fibroblast cells were investigated in this study. Cell cultures were split and the new cultures were exposed to a one-TesIa magnetic field for approximately thirty-six hours during their growth phase. Half of the exposed cultures were counted for proliferation rate and the remainder of the cultures were analyzed for patterns of growth. An F test indicated that there was no significant difference in the growth rates between experimental and control cultures. A Chi square test was used to examine whether cells aligned themselves with the magnetic field during growth. The statistics showed that the data for the control and experimental groups were both significantly different from a random pattern. Since both the control and experimental groups had significant results, it can be concluded that the growth patterns of fibroblasts from the experimental group were no different than those in the control group. The results of this study indicate that magnets do not appear to have an effect on fibroblast growth rates or patterns. This work supports the contention that the reports of positive responses to magnetotherapy are due to a placebo effect. It also weakens the argument that electromagnetic fields cause cancer by increasing the growth rates of cells.
Effect of recurrent irradiation on the improvement of a variant line of wild tomato (Solanum pimpinellifolium)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Solanum pimpinellifolium L. a breed of wild tomato is rich in lycopene. It possess traits which can be transferred to cultivated varieties. Its fruit size is a major hindirance to its domestication. This breed of tomato is very small and thus this work was carried out to improve the size and other desirable traits of the variety. A variant line, SP 300/30.4.2.4, selected from second generation (M2) following irradiation of seeds of S. pimpinellifolium L. at 300 Gy was used for the work. 2000 seeds were re-irradiated at 150 Gy and 300 Gy for each treatment and nursed immediately. Plant height at first flowering was highest among the control plants reaching a maximum of 47 cm compared to plants irradiated at 150 Gy and 300 Gy which reached 37 cm and 36 cm respectively. Irradiation therefore led to a reduction in plant height of treated plants. Irradiated materials produced bigger fruits than the controls. The highest mean fruit weight recorded for 300 Gy treated plants was higher than those for 150 Gy and the controls. Variations were observed in the fruit size, shape, colour, plant architecture, number of days to 50% fruiting and flowering. The variations observed could be used selected for and used in subsequent breeding work. Keywords: Wild tomato, Variant line, Plant architecture, Generation
Methods and Resources for Climate Impacts Research

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Estimates of the response of crops to climate change rarely quantify the uncertainty inherent in the simulation of both climate and crops. We present a crop simulation ensemble for a location in India, perturbing the response of both crop and climate under both baseline (12 720 simulations) and doubled-CO2 (171 720 simulations) climates. Some simulations used parameter values representing genotypic adaptation to mean temperature change. Firstly, observed and simulated yields in the baseline climate were compared. Secondly, the response of yield to changes in mean temperature was examined and compared to that found in the literature. No consistent response to temperature change was found across studies. Thirdly, the relative contribution of uncertainty in crop and climate simulation to the total uncertainty in projected yield changes was examined. In simulations without genotypic adaptation, most of the uncertainty came from the climate model parameters. Comparison with the simulations with genotypic adaptation and with a previous study suggested that the relatively low crop parameter uncertainty derives from the observational constraints on the crop parameters used in this study. Fourthly, the simulations were used, together with an observed dataset and a simple analysis of crop cardinal temperatures and thermal time, to estimate the potential for adaptation using existing cultivars. The results suggest that the germplasm for complete adaptation of groundnut cultivation in western India to a doubled-CO2 environment may not exist. In conjunction with analyses of germplasm and local management practices, results such as this can identify the genetic resources needed to adapt to climate change.
Honest or Excluded?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article analyzes two corruption data sets through the lens of gender: defendants convicted under the criminal anti-bribery provisions of the Foreign Corruption Practices Act, and defendants convicted of federal anti-corruption crimes while serving on the Chicago City Council. In both instances, the data points to a much larger number of convictions of men than women. While a single cause is difficult to pinpoint, perhaps the most compelling explanation is that social norms associated with gender provide women with fewer opportunities for corruption. By contrast, the homophily of patronage networks, long cited as breeding grounds for corruption, has for generations favored an old boys club that gives rise to more men engaging in corruption than women.
Comprehensive Genomic Analysis of G2-like Transcription Factor Genes and Their Role in Development and Abiotic Stresses in Arabidopsis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

GOLDEN2-LIKE (GLK) transcription factors are a subfamily of GARP family transcription factors, which play an essential function in plant growth and development as well as stress response during abiotic and biotic stress conditions. This study reports GLK genes in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome in-depth and identified 55 AtGLK genes in the Arabidopsis genome. Phylogenetic analyses resolved these GLK gene clusters into seven groups. A Ka/Ks ratios analysis indicated that they had experienced purifying selection. Many essential cis elements are present in the promoter regions of AtGLK genes associated with plant hormones, light, and stress. The expression profile from RNA-Seq data revealed that 29.1% of them had relatively high expression in all tested tissues or organs, indicating their crucial housekeeping function in plant growth and development. However, many other GLK members were selectively expressed in particular tissues or organs. In silico study of the transcriptional regulation of AtGLKs indicated that it is strongly regulated by cold, drought, osmotic, salt, and metal ion stressors. Our research provides essential information for the functional studies of each GLK gene in different species in the future.
Evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow in chronic subdural hematoma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To clarify the mechanism responsible for neurological impairment associated with chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH), we performed quantitative measurements of cerebral blood flow (CBF) with xenon-enhanced computed tomographic scans in eight patients with unilateral CSDH. Vascular reserve capacity was also evaluated with acetazolamide challenge. CBF was depressed in all regions examined except the corona radiata. There was no statistical difference in hemispheric and regional CBF between the lesion and non-lesion sides. A significant increase in CBF values ranging from 32% to 69% was observed after acetazolamide administration in the whole brain. Postoperatively CBF remained depressed in all regions we analyzed except for the frontal and temporal lobes, despite the fact that all patients had improved clinical symptoms. Amplitude of N20 and central conduction time (N13-20) in SSEP showed no significant change in CSDH patients compared to normal control. So we conclude that preoperative neurological signs in CSDH are related to a reduction of CBF in the whole brain. However, other mechanisms must be involved to explain preoperative focal signs and good postoperative recovery.
Exploring the Development Path of Chinese Martial Arts through the Experience of Internationalization of Taekwondo in Korea

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

본 연구의 목적은 한국 전통 무술인 태권도의 성공적인 국제화 경험을 토대로 중국 무술의 국제화 과정에서의 문제점을 파악하여 성공적인 국제화를 위한 발전방안을 탐색하는 것이다. 본 연구의 목적 달성을 위해 1차로 문헌조사를 실시하여 연구의 목적에 부합하는 393편의 문헌조사 결과를 요인별로 세분화하였다. 다음으로 문헌조사 결과를 토대로 질적연구의 질문지를 구성하여 전문가 집단의 연구 참여자를 대상으로 질적연구를 진행한 결과를 범주화하여 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 한국 태권도는 시범단을 활용한 국내외 홍보, 국가 및 정부의 대대적인 지원, 전문 지도자 파견을 통한 체계적인 교육 시스템, 생활스포츠 및 경기화를 통한 올림픽 정식종목으로의 채택이 성공적인 국제화에 중요한 역할을 하였다. 둘째, 문헌연구 및 질적연구를 통해 중국 무술의 국제화 발전경로를 탐색한 결과 중국 무술은 경기 중심으로의 편향적 발전과 홍보 부족, 전담 기관의 부재 및 어려운 접근성 등의 문제점이 도출되어, 한국 태권도의 성공적인 국제화 과정과 비교해 보았을 때 이러한 부분의 개선이 필요한 것으로 확인되었다. 셋째, 한국 태권도와 중국 무술의 국제화 발전경로의 비교 분석을 통해 중국 무술은 스포츠로의 재구성이 필요하고, 무술의 대중화를 위한 콘텐츠 개발과 제도적 뒷받침을 통한 국제화 전담 기관의 설립 및 홍보역량 강화가 필요한 것으로 확인되었다. 넷째, 양국의 사회·문화적 특성을 고려했을 때, 중국 무술의 성공적인 국제화를 위해서는 태권도 국제화의 성공 경험을 토대로 중국 무술의 특성을 고려한 계승 발전이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 이상의 연구 결과를 종합해 보았을 때 중국 무술의 성공적인 국제화를 위해서는 한국 태권도의 성공적인 국제화 경험을 바탕으로 중국 무술의 국제화 과정의 문제점으로 확인된 전담 기관 설립과 다양한 무술 콘텐츠 개발을 통한 홍보 및 전문 지도자를 통한 교육시스템 구축이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 또한 후속 연구를 통해 실제 중국 무술 수련자 및 일반인이 경험한 중국 무술의 수련 과정에서의 문제점을 도출하고, 연구 과정에서 사회·문화적 차이와 수련 대상 및 수련 환경적 특성 등을 고려한 과학적이고 체계적인 심층 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.
[Immunohistochemical detection of tissue-bound rheumatoid factors (author's transl)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Different immunoglobulin classes, complement factors, complement fixation and rheumatoid-factor activity in rheumatoid synovial membranes of 16 patients were studied. After pepsin digestion of tissue sections, greatly increased numbers of plasma cells were able to bind human gamma globulin. In addition we found after the pepsin digestion more IgG and less IgM in the tissues. The results gave evidence of intracellular blocking of rheumatoid factor activity, due to IgG-IgG rheumatoid factor complexes or self associated rheumatoid factors. Additional evidence of such plasma cell complexes was obtained by observing an in vitro fixation of the complement. With the same methods we studied 3 patients whose synovial membranes had been surgically removed not later than 6 months after the onset of evident symptoms and who developed rheumatoid arthritis within an observation period of 2 years. As a result we found a small production of predominantly M and G immunoglobulins. The rheumatoid factors were also found in a small degree. Rheumatoid factor activity can be revealed only in a little number of plasma cells by pepsin digestion of tissues. In the serum we can't find more rheumatoid factor activity after pepsin digestion in the latex test. The immunofluorescence for detection of rheumatoid factors in tissues is a practicable method and important for the differential diagnosis of joint diseases.
Defining How Proteasome Maturation Affects the Degradation of a Substrate for Autophagy and Endoplasmic Reticulum Associated Degradation (ERAD)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

An increasing body of data links endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function to autophagy. Not surprisingly, then, some aberrant proteins in the ER can be destroyed either via ER associated degradation (ERAD), which is proteasome‑mediated, or via autophagy. One such substrate is the “Z” variant of the alpha‑1 protease inhibitor (A1Pi), variably known as A1Pi‑Z or AT‑Z (“anti‑trypsin, Z variant”). The wild type protein is primarily synthesized in the liver and is secreted. In contrast, AT‑Z, like other ERAD substrates, is retro‑translocated from the ER and delivered to the proteasome. However, AT‑Z can form high molecular weight polymers that are degraded via autophagy, and cells that accumu‑ late AT‑Z polymers ultimately succumb, which leads to liver disease. Therefore, identifying genes that have an impact AT‑Z turnover represents an active area of research. To this end, a yeast expression system for AT‑Z has proven valuable. For example, a recent study using this system indicates that the activity of a proteasome assembly chaperone (PAC) is critical for maximal AT‑Z turnover, which suggests a new role for PACs. Because PACs are conserved, it will be critical to analyze whether these dedicated chaperones are implicated in other diseases associated with ERAD and autophagy.
Performance of a Nickel-Activated Candle Filter for Naphthalene Cracking in Synthetic Biomass Gasification Gas

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The concept of a ceramic candle filter for high-temperature gas filtration, catalytically activated with nickel using a deposition−precipitation method with urea, was introduced to perform the simultaneous removal of tar and particles from hot biomass gasification gas. Tar cracking over nickel-activated ceramic filter substrates was studied with a synthetic biomass gasification gas (free of H2S and dust) under industrial hot gas filtration conditions. Naphthalene was used as the model compound for high-temperature biomass gasification tar. The main parameters investigated were reaction temperature (750−900 °C), gas velocity (2.5−6 cm/s), and catalyst loading (0.5 and 1 wt % nickel). It was found that when typical filtration gas velocities are used, naphthalene can be completely converted mainly to syngas (H2 and CO) at 800−900 °C over activated filter substrates with a catalyst loading of only 1 wt % nickel.
ChemInform Abstract: Aneuploidy, the Somatic Mutation That Makes Cancer a Species of Its Own

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Less detectable environmental changes in dynamic multiobjective optimisation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Multiobjective optimisation in dynamic environments is challenging due to the presence of dynamics in the problems in question. Whilst much progress has been made in benchmarks and algorithm design for dynamic multiobjective optimisation, there is a lack of work on the detectability of environmental changes and how this affects the performance of evolutionary algorithms. This is not intentionally left blank but due to the unavailability of suitable test cases to study. To bridge the gap, this work presents several scenarios where environmental changes are less likely to be detected. Our experimental studies suggest that the less detectable environments pose a big challenge to evolutionary algorithms.
Lightweight Adaptive Feature De-Drifting for Compressed Image Classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

JPEG is a widely used compression scheme to efficiently reduce the volume of the transmitted images at the expense of visual perception drop. The artifacts appear among blocks due to the information loss in the compression process, which not only affects the quality of images but also harms the subsequent high-level tasks in terms of feature drifting. High-level vision models trained on high-quality images will suffer performance degradation when dealing with compressed images, especially on mobile devices. In recent years, numerous learning-based JPEG artifacts removal methods have been proposed to handle visual artifacts. However, it is not an ideal choice to use these JPEG artifacts removal methods as a pre-processing for compressed image classification for the following reasons: 1) These methods are designed for human vision rather than high-level vision models. 2) These methods are not efficient enough to serve as a pre-processing on resource-constrained devices. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel lightweight adaptive feature de-drifting module (AFD-Module) to boost the performance of pre-trained image classification models when facing compressed images. First, a Feature Drifting Estimation Network (FDE-Net) is devised to generate the spatial-wise Feature Drifting Map (FDM) in the DCT domain. Next, the estimated FDM is transmitted to the Feature Enhancement Network (FE-Net) to generate the mapping relationship between degraded features and corresponding high-quality features. Specially, a simple but effective RepConv block equipped with structural re-parameterization is utilized in FE-Net, which enriches feature representation in the training phase while keeping efficiency in the deployment phase. After training on limited compressed images, the AFD-Module can serve as a “plug-and-play” module for pre-trained classification models to improve their performance on compressed images. Experiments on images compressed once ( i.e. ImageNet-C) and multiple times demonstrate that our proposed AFD-Module can comprehensively improve the accuracy of the pre-trained classification models and significantly outperform the existing methods.
Fermion Bound States Around Skyrmions in Doped Antiferromagnets

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We show the skyrmion effects in doped antiferromagnets for the uniform flux phase. The low-energy effective theory of the t'-J model can be mapped onto the massive quantum electrodynamics. There exist Fermion bound states around skyrmions. For each sublattice, there exist induced fractional fermion numbers around the skyrmions. The total induced fermion number is zero due to the ``cancelling effect'' between two sublattices with opposite charges.