jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Understanding physiological and computed tomography measures of small airways disease and their clinical relevance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Small airways disease (SAD) is a multifactorial pathological process, central to the development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Physiological manifestations of SAD can be measured using in-depth lung function and imaging while in vivo airway sampling can help gain insight into disease mechanisms. However, there is no gold standard or specific marker of SAD. This thesis compared physiological and CT approaches to quantify SAD and examined their relationship with distal lung inflammatory cells to determine if they can be used to gain insight into disease endotypes. Furthermore, it aimed to ascertain their clinical relevance in mild/moderate COPD.<br/><br/>In non-smokers, ex-smokers and mild/moderate COPD subjects (divided into infrequent and frequent exacerbators), in-depth lung function testing and CT image analyses using densitometry, Disease Probability Mapping (DPM) and Parametric Response Mapping (PRM) quantified SAD. Lung function testing included Multiple Breath Nitrogen Washout (MBNW) and Forced Oscillation Technique (FOT) among other tests and was performed before and after bronchodilation. Subjects underwent bronchoscopy and the inflammatory cell profile in bronchoalveolar lavage was analysed. Further lung function testing was performed at a follow up visit one year after bronchoscopy to assess any changes in small airways function over time.<br/><br/>The findings confirmed physiological indices of SAD are abnormal in COPD compared to health but not different between non and ex-smokers. These indices are stable over one year but do show change with bronchodilators in some COPD subjects. Novel findings included increased acinar ventilation heterogeneity in frequent compared to infrequent exacerbators. A systematic review revealed there were no studies comparing CT, FOT and MBNW indices of SAD in COPD. This study was therefore the first to compare co-registration CT techniques with FOT and MBNW indices and found FOT and MBNW indices of SAD did not predict CT defined SAD, in COPD. Significant associations between indices of SAD and distal neutrophilic inflammation were found in frequent not infrequent exacerbators. Lung de-recruitment derived during FOT begins at a higher lung volume in COPD compared to health. In COPD, indices of SAD not emphysema predict the onset of de-recruitment. Indices of SAD in this thesis did not associate with patient reported outcomes or functional assessment.<br/>This study data suggests quantitative indices of SAD in COPD may measure or represent different aspects of a multifaceted dysfunction. However, these indices have potential to give insight into COPD endotypes and may be used in future to evaluate therapeutic intervention targeted to this area.
(Invited) Design Principles and Operation of PEM Electrolyzers for Power-to-Gas Technologies

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This Tutorial addresses fundamental and practical principles of design and operation of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Electrolyzers used in today’s emerging Power-to-Gas Technologies. Starting from thermodynamics and basic process schemes, this tutorial will concisely discuss mass transport processes and heat balances pertinent to the operation of PEM electrolyzers at cell, stack, and system level. The sensitivity of key performance indicators such as energy efficiency or the specific work to generate 1kg of hydrogen to the choice of material and operating parameters will be highlighted. References Smolinka, Garche eds., Hydrogen Production by Water Electrolysis, Elsevier,2022 Bessarabov, Millet eds., PEM Water Electrolysis Vol.1, 2, Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Primer Series, Elsevier academic Press, 2018 Geert Tjarks “PEM-Elektrolyse-Systeme zur Anwendung in Power-to-Gas Anlagen” Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich Reihe Energie & Umwelt / Energy & Environment Band / Volume 366 ISBN 978-3-95806-217-7 2017 Bessarabov, Wang, Li Zhao eds., PEM Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production, 2015
Mixed Ownership, Unemployment, and Welfare for a Developing Economy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper considers the employment and welfare effects of mixed ownership via partial privatization of state‐owned enterprises for a developing economy. An increase in the private ownership lowers the production and, hence, worsens urban unemployment in the short run. However, in the long run, capital moves to the rural region, alleviating the problem of urban unemployment. The employment effect can have a positive contribution to social welfare in the long run.
Repeats in S1 Proteins: Flexibility and Tendency for Intrinsic Disorder

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

An important feature of ribosomal S1 proteins is multiple copies of structural domains in bacteria, the number of which changes in a strictly limited range from one to six. For S1 proteins, little is known about the contribution of flexible regions to protein domain function. We exhaustively studied a tendency for intrinsic disorder and flexibility within and between structural domains for all available UniProt S1 sequences. Using charge–hydrophobicity plot cumulative distribution function (CH-CDF) analysis we classified 53% of S1 proteins as ordered proteins; the remaining proteins were related to molten globule state. S1 proteins are characterized by an equal ratio of regions connecting the secondary structure within and between structural domains, which indicates a similar organization of separate S1 domains and multi-domain S1 proteins. According to the FoldUnfold and IsUnstruct programs, in the multi-domain proteins, relatively short flexible or disordered regions are predominant. The lowest percentage of flexibility is in the central parts of multi-domain proteins. Our results suggest that the ratio of flexibility in the separate domains is related to their roles in the activity and functionality of S1: a more stable and compact central part in the multi-domain proteins is vital for RNA interaction, terminals domains are important for other functions.
Self-assessment of clinical image quality in plain radiography: an evidence-based practice for radiographers

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Poster: ECR 2014 / B-1061 / Self-assessment of clinical image quality in plain radiography: an evidence-based practice for radiographers by: N. Karna1, U.-M. Aakula1, E. Metsala2; 1Hameenlinna/FI, 2Helsinki/FI
Vehicle crash optimization considering a roof crush test and a side impact test

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The vehicle performances for the side impact test and the roof crush test are dependent on the side structure design of a vehicle. Crash optimization can be employed to enhance the performances. A meta-model-based structural optimization technique is generally utilized in the optimization process since the technique is simple to use. However, the meta-model-based optimization is not suitable for problems with many design variables such as topology and topometry optimizations. A crash optimization methodology is proposed to consider both the side impact test and the roof crush test. The equivalent static loads method is adopted for the side impact test and the enforced displacement method is adopted for the roof crush test, and the two methods are integrated. A design formulation is defined. The survival distance from the side impact test and the roof strength for the roof crush test are used for the design constraints. Crash optimization is performed for a practical large-scale structure. For conceptual design, reinforcement of the B-pillar is determined by using topometry optimization, and size and shape optimizations are employed for a detailed design to satisfy the design constraints while the mass is reduced.
Single whisker representations in the circuitry of the cerebellar cortex

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The cerebellum plays a crucial role in sensorimotor processing, yet little is known about its contribution towards sensory signal processing. The whisking behaviour in rodents is a model behaviour for sensorimotor function and the Crus I and II lob ules of the cerebellum have been shown to represent perioral stimulation, linearly encoded whisker setpoint and be important in the generation of whisker movement. To target our investigation of the sensory representation, I have used a very nar rowly defined stimulus, the deflection of a single whisker, to investigate the re sponse in cerebellar cortex neurons using whole-cell and cell-attached patch-clamp. In the first step of cerebellar cortex processing, I found the convergence in individual granule cell of mossy fibre inputs at latencies indicating a direct pathway through the trigeminal nuclei and a cortico-pontine path for the single whisker signal. Mo lecular layer interneurons were found to be highly precisely and rapidly excited by the early direct path input from granule cells. Lateral inhibition was also displayed by a molecular layer interneuron with an inhibitory response. The sole output of the cerebellar cortex, the Purkinje cells, exhibited simple spike responses often combining excitatory and inhibitory phases in the majority of rec orded cells despite the narrowness of the stimulus and the wide recording location. A complex spike response was measured in half of the Purkinje cells with a simple 7 response and never in Purkinje cell without simple spike responses. This separation of the Purkinje cell population into neurons receiving both mossy fibre and climbing fibre input on the single whisker deflection and those that only receive mossy fibre input suggest different mechanisms (e.g. plasticity) and functions. Together, these findings quantify the sensory input to the cerebellar cortex follow ing a single whisker deflection and the downstream processing of this signal.
Anatase titania-vanadium polyphosphomolybdate as an efficient and reusable nano catalyst for desulphurization of gas oil

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

(Bu4N)4H[PMo10V2O40]-TiO2 nanocomposite has been synthesized by a reaction of (Bu4N)4H[PMo10V2O40] with titanium tetraisopropoxide at 100 ?C via sol-gel method. The crushed nano layer of anatase phase is 20 nm in nature and fixing of (Bu4N)4H[PMo10V2O40] decreases its size. This nano Polyphosphomolybdate was shown be able to oxidative desulphurization of simulated gas oil with high S conversion (more than 98%). In the present work, efficient oxidative desulphurization of gas oil and simulated gas oil with formic acid/hydrogen peroxide system is reported. This system provides an efficient, convenient and practical method for scavenging sulfur compound.
Carbon nanotube - actin hybrid assemblies

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) have unique electrical and chemical properties that make them viable candidates for diverse applications ranging from biology and medicine, to electronics and identification. Also, CNTs can be integrated with biomolecules and used as scaffolds for biosensors. However, these biosensors generally have lower detection capabilities due to their limited flexibility and placement in specific locations. In this paper we investigate the immobilization of actin cytoskeletal protein onto CNTs. Actin is a eukaryotic globular protein that serves as scaffold for molecular motors involved in cell motility. Our results indicate that actin monomers attach to CNTs. Moreover, the attached protein is still functional and able to polymerize into actin filaments. Further integration of CNT-actin filament assemblies with molecular motors hold promise for developing "mobile" biosensors to be used for selective placement, sensing and detection.
Ethical identification of Muslim women on Mandangin Island: An ethnographic study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In a community, ethics have a connection with religion. A person whose religion is vital would respect the ethics associated with that religion. Along with the current technology development, community ethics have begun to change, whether quickly or slowly. In a community, this change of ethics happens because it follows the development within modernism and globalization. This study explores the ethical identification of Muslim women in Mandangin Island, Madura Island, East Java. This study uses an ethnographic method that refers to Spradley’s. Data obtained from interviews with female informants who are categorized: adolescents, mothers, and grandmothers. Based on this research data, it is known that there are three ethics of Muslim women in Mandangin Island. First, they uphold ethics, who into this group (from young to old) do not want to ride a motorbike and wear jeans that are respected on and off the island. Second, those who carry out an ethical transformation, in this group, they (teenagers) adhere to manners while on Mandangin Island; however, they ride motorbikes and wear jeans outside the island. On the one hand, those who fall into this category want to appreciate and uphold ethics in the people of Mandangin Island and want to follow modernism. They want to be able to ride motorbikes and wear jeans like most women. Third, those who violate ethics. It is most unusual for the third category because Muslim women consider themselves to adhere to religion and ethics.
Hyperreactio Luteinalis: Possible Cause of Intrahepatic Cholestasis and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation [22B]

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: Hyperreactio luteinalis (HL) is a rare finding in pregnancy consisting of enlarged multicystic ovaries capable of producing excess human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and androgens. We present a patient with HL and twin gestation complicated by intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) who presented to our institution with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). METHODS: Case Report. RESULTS: A 31-year-old gravida 1 para 0 at 35 weeks 5 days gestation with dichorionic/diamniotic twins, presented to our institution for evaluation due to elevated liver enzymes. On presentation, the patient was jaundiced but asymptomatic with normal vital signs. Fetal assessment revealed category three fetal heart tracing for both fetuses. The patient underwent emergent cesarean delivery. During surgery, bilateral enlarged multicystic ovaries were noted and lab values were consistent with disseminated intravascular coagulation. The patient was treated with fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate then transferred to the intensive care unit. Postoperatively, the patient was noted to have elevated bile acids, bilirubin, androstenedione and aldosterone. CONCLUSION: Studies demonstrate that estrogens play a role in development of ICP and can impair bile acid secretion. HL produces high levels of androgens that are converted to estrogens by precursors from the fetal adrenal gland and placental aromatase. We propose estrogens produced by HL lead to the development of ICP. Excess estrogen production throughout pregnancy may lead to chronic bile acid accumulation and contribute to development of DIC.
Yoga as medicine: the yogic prescription for health and healing

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-23T13:15:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-311X2009000300029.pdf: 85161 bytes, checksum: 9a0b24842eebf4090a9ef4a7412ffb80 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-01
Squat Theatre Underground, 1972-1976

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The now-expatriate Hungarian theatre company Squat performed a new work called The Skanzen Killers in January, 1972, in Kassak, a suburb of Budapest. After one performance at the town culture house, the group's license to perform was withdrawn by government authorities on the grounds that the play was “obscene” and “apt to be misinterpreted from a political point of view.” For the next four years Squat went underground. Between the time of The Skanzen Killers and the group's problem-ridden emigration to France in 1976, the fifth floor apartment of Squat members Peter Halasz and Anna Koos in Kassak became an outlaw theatre. Here more than a dozen complete experimental theatre pieces were developed and presented in private performances for friends, theatre aficionados, artists in various fields, and political sympathizers. The group also performed privately in an unused country chapel and in a sand pit on an uninhabited island.
Diffuse Cutaneous Reticulohistiocytosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 65-year-old man had a diffuse, asymptomatic, cutaneous eruption of 5- to 15-mm reddish-brown, nonscaling papules in arcuate, annular, and serpiginous patterns for one year. The morphologic, light microscopic, and ultrastructural features of the skin lesions were typical of multicentric reticulohistiocytosis; however, the patient had no historic, clinical, laboratory, or roentgenographic evidence of arthritis. Spontaneous involution of the eruption occurred 17 months after onset. Several weeks later subacute myelogenous leukemia developed. The reported occurrence of isolated and multiple reticulohistiocytomas, diffuse cutaneous reticulohistiocytosis without systemic involvement, and multicentric reticulohistiocytosis with identical light microscopic and ultrastructural findings suggests that these conditions probably represent a spectrum of clinical expressions of similar etiologic and pathogenetic mechanisms.
Reactance to Uncivil Disagreement?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract: This study extends the psychological reactance theory by demonstrating that online political discussions, without explicit social influence attempts, can arouse psychological reactance by certain message features. Based on a 2 (stance: agreement vs. disagreement) × 2 (tone: civil vs. uncivil) × 2 (social endorsement: low vs. high) between-subjects online experiment in the United States ( N = 418), the present study found that both disagreement and uncivil comments led to psychological reactance directly and indirectly via perceived threat to freedom. Unexpectedly, uncivil disagreement had smaller effects on psychological reactance than civil disagreement. In addition, although social endorsement cues did not show any independent effects on psychological reactance, they were found to exacerbate the direct effect of uncivil disagreement on psychological reactance. Overall, our study develops important theoretical connections between political deliberation and psychological reactance literatures. It also yields practical implications for fostering an inclusive and healthy environment for online political discussion.
Effect of preservative chemicals on post harvest behaviour of ageratum cut flowers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ageratum is an up coming new potential cut flower crop belonging to the family Asteraceae. In India it is being grown for its attractive cut flowers around big cities which are widely used for interior decoration in vases and also for bouquet making. In order to study the effect of preservative chemicals on the post harvest behaviour of the ageratum cutflowers an experiment was conducted in the laboratory at Floriculture Unit, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, UAS, Dharwad during the year 2001-02, by including different concentrations(0.5 and 1 Mm) of cobalt sulphate and aluminium sulphate in sucrose solutions(2% and 4%). Water uptake and subsequently water loss was recorded highest in the cutflowers placed in either aluminium sulphate or cobalt sulphate at 1.0 mM in 4 per cent sucrose solutions.Flowers held in 1.0 mM aluminium sulphate plus sucrose 4 per cent and 1.0 mM cobalt sulphate plus sucrose 4 per cent maintained maximum fresh weight (97.33 and 92.60%, respectively) on 16th day. Among the treatments, aluminium sulphate and cobalt sulphate at 1.0 mM in 4 per cent sucrose solutions were most effective in enhancing the vase life of ageratum flower stalks.
Thromboinflammation : in a Model of Hepatocyte Transplantation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hepatocyte transplantation is an attractive method for the treatment of metabolic liver disease and acute liver failure. The clinical application of this method has been hampered by a large initial loss of transplanted cells. This thesis has identified and characterized an instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR), which is a thromboinflammatory response from the innate immunity that may partly explain the observed loss of cells. In vitro perifusion experiments were performed and established that hepatocytes in contact with blood activate the complement and coagulation systems and induce clot formation in conjunction with the recruitment of neutrophils. Within an hour, the hepatocytes were surrounded by platelets and entrapped in a clot infiltrated by neutrophils. Furthermore, hepatocytes expressed tissue factor (TF), and the reactions were shown to be initiated through the TF pathway. Monitoring of hepatocyte transplantation in vivo revealed activation of the same parameters as were noted in vitro. For the first time, von Willebrand factor (vWF) was identified on the hepatocyte surface, being demonstrated by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. mRNA for vWF was also confirmed in hepatocytes. Complex formation between platelets and hepatocytes was also identified. Addition of antibodies targeting the binding site for vWF on the platelets reduced the complex formation. Two different strategies, systemic and local intervention, were applied to diminish the thromboinflammation elicited from the hepatocytes in contact with ABO-matched blood. Systemic inhibition with LMW-DS, in a clinically applicable dose, was found to be superior in controlling the IBMIR in vitro when compared to heparin. Cryopreserved hepatocytes elicited the IBMIR to the same extent as did fresh hepatocytes, and the IBMIR was equally well controlled with LMW-DS in both cryopreserved and fresh cells. Hepatocytes were coated with two layers of immobilized heparin in an attempt to protect the cells from the IBMIR. In vitro perifusion experiments showed heparinized hepatocytes triggered a significantly lower degree of IBMIR.
Keeping connected while living apart: an exploration of a prison contact maintenance program

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

With the increase in incarceration rates, researchers have turned their attention to the broader social implications of removing family members from home and putting them behind bars. This causes a major disruption, particularly when considering the impact this has on the family when the mother is the one in prison. In order to alleviate these harms, contact maintenance programs, which are designed to provide enhanced contact between parents and children during periods of incarceration, are instituted to help maintain these relationships. The purpose of this project is to explore incarcerated women’s perspectives of one of these programs, the Connecting with Kids Program (CKP), at a Midwestern correctional facility (MCF). Thirty-four in-depth interviews were conducted with participants in the program, and themes surrounding the unique services provided emerged, such as enhanced visitation programs and technologically enhanced communication and the privacy and family environment fostered by these programs. These findings have important implications for future policies regarding gender specific prison programing, contact maintenance programs, and incarcerated people’s welfare and societal reintegration.