jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Immune response to hn and snRNP in autoimmune mice. A model for the development of lupus autoimmunity by a single initiator T helper epitope?

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

We discuss the presence of anti-keratin antibodies (AKA) of the IgG class in patients with defined juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).An indirect immunofluorescence test and rat oesophagus substrate was used for the detection and quantification of AKA antibodies in patients´ sera.Overall 33/60 patients with JIA had sera positive for AKA (55 %, P = 0,0001) ranging from 1:10 to 1:160 dilutions.Following idiopathic arthritis of childhood classification criteria AKA occurred in 2/7 patients with systemic disease (28,6 %), in 13/30 patients with RF negative polyarthritis (43,3 %, P = 0,008) and in 15/18 RF positive polyarthritis (83,3 %, P = 0,000002).AKA were also found in a small cohort of patients with oligoarthritis (1/3) and psoriatic arthritis (2/2).AKA positivity occurred in 3/26 healthy controls at a 1:20 dilution.The presence of AKA was correlated as well as with the severity of the disease.Our study revealed that AKA was present overall in 18/29 patients (62%) with severe JIA and in 12/26 patients (46,2 %) with non-severe disease, however this did not reach statistical significance (P = 0,18).We also observed that AKA remained positive regardless of disease activity.AKA were detectable in 55,6 % patients with active JIA and in 48,6 % patients in the complete or near remission.
Design and developing of a privacy security mechanism using blockchain Hyperledger fabric in health care management system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Blockchains are tamper evident and tamper resistant digital ledgers implemented in a distributed fashion and usually without a central authority. At their basic level, they enable a community of users to record transactions in a shared ledger within that community, such that under normal operation of the blockchain network no transaction can be changed once published. This document provides a high-level technical overview of blockchain technology. The purpose is to help readers understand how blockchain technology works. Hyperledger Fabric is a modular and extensible open-source system for deploying and operating permissioned blockchains. Fabric is currently used in more than 400 prototypes and proofs-of-concept of distributed ledger technology, as well as several production systems, across different industries and use cases. Starting from the premise that there are no
Dynamic Characterization of Satellite Components through Non-Invasive Methods

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The rapid deployment of satellites is hindered by the need to flight-qualify their components and the resulting mechanical assembly. Conventional methods for qualification testing of satellite components are costly and time consuming. Furthermore, full-scale vehicles must be subjected to launch loads during testing. This harsh testing environment increases the risk of component damage during qualification. The focus of this research effort was to assess the performance of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) techniques as a replacement for traditional vibration testing. SHM techniques were applied on a small-scale structure representative of a responsive satellite. The test structure consisted of an extruded aluminum space-frame covered with aluminum shear plates, which was assembled using bolted joints. Multiple piezoelectric patches were bonded to the test structure and acted as combined actuators and sensors. Various methods of SHM were explored including impedance-based health monitoring, wave propagation, and conventional frequency response functions. Using these methods in conjunction with finite element modelling, the dynamic properties of the test structure were established and areas of potential damage were identified and localized. The adequacy of the results from each SHM method was validated by comparison to results from conventional vibration testing.
The Woman in the Surgeon's Body (review)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

About a decade ago Joan Cassell published an anthropological study of surgeons that, among other things, beautifully captured their masculine subculture. 1 When she first began to observe them at work in 1983, there were only a handful of women in the field. Since then, however, those numbers have increased tenfold and are still rising. Such an extraordinary change in a specialty so long a bastion of male privilege has enabled Cassell to return to the subject of surgeons for a fascinating second look. This time around she is interested in gender, wanting to know whether and in what ways women practitioners differ from men. The result is a complex but readable account that will appeal not only to historians of medicine but also to theorists and scholars of difference. Unlike her research for the previous book, where Cassell could observe the entire surgical staff in depth at only a few hospitals, she has struggled this time with more daunting logistics: since there were rarely more than one or two women surgeons at any institution, she had to visit a large number of cities and sites to observe and interview the thirty-three women who eventually became the subjects of her study. We are all the richer for her efforts.
Maternal thrombophilia as a predictor of the onset of obstetric complications and perinatal losses in women with loss of pregnancy, depending on body weight

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>The article gives a scientific and practical justification for the timely detection of maternal thrombophilia at the stage of pregnancy planning taking into account the phenotype of a woman. The aim of the study was to analyze the structure of the revealed gene polymorphisms and their effect on the course of the gestational process and the hemostasis system in pregnant women, depending on the phenotype.</p> <p>Clinical groups were 175 pregnant women with different body weight (120 women with overweight and obesity and 55 pregnant women with normal body weight). The average age of pregnant women in Group I was 30.9 ± 0.4 years, in Group II – 30.3 ± 0.6 years, the average gestational age at the time of registration was 9.39 ± 0.59 and 8.42 ± 0.69 weeks respectively.</p> <p>The influence of intergenic interactions of genes-candidates of thrombophilia and the disturbance of folate metabolism on the occurrence of obstetric complications and perinatal losses in these women was assessed. The mechanisms of development of obstetric complications are clarified depending on the body weight taking into account their genetic determinancy. In particular, carriers of thrombophilia genes in women with miscarriage in 100% of cases, regardless of body weight, have been identified.</p> <p>As the author of the article points out, obesity during pregnancy can cause serious complications for the mother and fetus. Therefore, studies on maternal thrombophilia should be conducted at the pregravidel stage in order to conduct timely pathogenetically based treatment with emphasis on therapy in the fertile cycle, which will improve perinatal outcomes in such women.</p>
Towards Planning Scientific Experiments through Declarative Model Discovery in Provenance Data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Data provenance is the process of managing a collection of metadata that catalogs the origin and history of data. In scientific workflows, this metadata assists scientists and domain specialists in several tasks, including the reproduction of scientific experiments and planning of new scenarios to be experimented. However, the amount of provenance data generated from scientific workflow executions can grow through time, becoming infeasible for scientists to manually evaluate them. Thus, mechanisms for automatically extracting knowledge from provenance data and presenting them to the user are demanding. Due to the diversity and flexibility inherent to scientific experimentation scenarios, declarative models are potentially adequate. In this work, we propose to apply techniques for learning a declarative model from provenance data generated by scientific workflows, from which the domain specialist will be able to plan future scenarios for his/her scientific experiment. The proposed solution is illustrated in a case study of a scientific experiment on ontology matching, which is a data-intensive strategy that is required to solve the problem of information integration in several areas of knowledge.
Theorem Verification of the Quantifier-Guided Dominance Degree with the Mean Operator for Additive Preference Relations

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Deciding which film is the best or which portfolio is the best for investment are examples of decisions made by people every day. Decision-making systems aim to help people make such choices. In general, a decision-making system processes and analyses the available information to arrive at the best alternative solution of the problem of interest. In the preference modelling framework, decision-making systems select the best alternative(s) by maximising a score or choice function defined by the decision makers’ expressed preferences on the set of feasible alternatives. Nevertheless, decision-making systems may have logical errors that cannot be appreciated by developers. The main contribution of this paper is the provision of a verification theorem of the score function based on the quantifier-guided dominance degree (QGDD) with the mean operator in the context of additive preference relations. The provided theorem has several benefits because it can be applied to verify that the result obtained is correct and that there are no problems in the programming of the corresponding decision-making systems, thus improving their reliability. Moreover, this theorem acts on different parts of such systems, since not only does the theorem verify that the order of alternatives is correct, but it also verifies that the creation of the global preference relation is correct.
Relations between Length of the Pen and Other Measurements in the Squid Lolliguncula brevis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The relations between length of the pen and other measurements in the squid Lolliguncula brevis were studied to estimate the volume of partially digested squid recovered from tuna stomachs. Relations between the pen length and mantle length and between pen length and volume were analyzed by regression. Conversion tables were constructed on the basis of these analyses to estimate the original volume of the squid from the length of the pen.
[Depression, cancer and physician-assisted euthanasia].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 73-year-old woman suffering from chronic recurrent depression and in the terminal phase of breast cancer requested euthanasia from her family doctor. Patients with a history of chronic depression have more difficulty proving that they have made a conscious choice to terminate their lives; however, depression does not necessarily alter the patient's ability to make decisions. In order to judge each case adequately, information from all those involved in the case (e.g. family, professionals) is important. It is vital that a SCEN ('Support and Counselling by Euthanasia in the Netherlands') doctor is consulted in good time in order to be sure that the patient is able to express himself or herself properly.
Duodenoscope Recalls Following Recent Outbreaks of Duodenoscope-Transmitted Bacterial Infections

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Since 2012, duodenoscopes have been linked to serial outbreaks of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and other multi-drug resistant organism (MDRO) infections despite compliance with reprocessing protocols. As many as 404 patient infections have been reported to the FDA from 2010 to 2015. We reviewed duodenoscope recalls and corrective actions taken by manufacturers and provide a detailed analysis including trends, pitfalls, and policy implications for the future. Methods: The FDA Medical Device Recalls database was reviewed to identify duodenoscope recalls from November 1, 2010 to June 1, 2016. Recall characteristics were collected for each device. Results: Ten duodenoscope models—totaling 5,500 distributed products—have been voluntarily recalled by their manufacturers, all after March 2015. All were class II recalls. Nine devices were recalled due to device redesign with a closed-channel to facilitate reprocessing, and one device was recalled in order to replace the elevator mechanism and prevent device contamination. Eight duodenoscope operation manuals have been voluntarily recalled, one which was recalled twice. Updates in reprocessing protocol accounted for eight recall events, and instructions on removing lodged parts accounted for one recall event. Two devices (Olympus TJF-Q180V and Fujifilm ED-530XT) were marketed under prior 510(k) submissions that did not reflect the modified closed-channel design. Discussion: Duodenoscopes serve a vital role in the evaluation and treatment of patients with certain biliary and pancreatic diseases. However, the transmission of infectious material during these endoscopic procedures, although rare, represents a serious public health concern. Since the FDA investigation on closed-channel duodenoscopes, all three major duodenoscope manufacturers (Olympus, Pentax, Fujifilm) have made efforts to improve device safety by recalling and updating devices and device manuals. Still, evaluation of the current device approval process, guidance on when manufacturers should re-obtain 510(k) clearance for modified devices, and a more robust device safety surveillance and reporting system are needed to minimize the risk of duodenoscope-transmitted bacterial infections.Figure 1
A Quantum Electrodynamical Approach to Chirality and Photonics: Nonlinear Optics, Structured Light, and Optical Forces

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this thesis, the theory of quantum electrodynamics (QED) is utilised to study the interaction between radiation and matter. In particular, the non-relativistic limit of the theory is employed, describing the optical processes and coupling between molecules and light. \n \nThe predictive power of this theory is highlighted from the outset, whereby it is shown that a new form of quantum uncertainty, with its origins in delocalised photon emission and absorption, exists in non-linear optics: a non-localised mechanism for the processes of both spontaneous parametric down-conversion and second harmonic generation is established by accounting for virtual photon propagation. \n \nThe subsequent chapter brings forth the often ignored diamagnetic couplings to optical processes. Their interesting and unique physical properties are shown to manifest themselves in scattering and two-photon absorption processes, and an argument for their inclusion in any multiphoton optical process is outlined. \n \nNext, the question of whether the sign of the topological charge (handedness) of a beam possessing optical orbital angular momentum (structured light) engages in chiroptical processes with chiral molecules is resolved. It is shown that through the engagement of the electric quadrupole molecular moment, discriminatory effects with regards to the direction of the vortex twist are anticipated with anisotropic matter. \n \nFinally, the laser-induced intermolecular forces that exist between molecules present within an intense laser beam are focused on. Specifically, it is shown that there exists a discriminatory force between chiral molecules when subjected to circularly polarised light.
Physical and mechanical properties of Eucalyptus urophylla

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Physical and mechanical properties of Eucalyptus urophyllaÂ AbstractEucalyptus urophylla is one of the most planted species in the world and in Brazil for presenting excellent productivity, good adaptability to the most varied types of soil and climate and wide application. The experiment was installed in randomized blocks with four replications, linear plots with six plants in a 3 x 2 m spacing. In this test, 21 progenies were selected in three replications, to evaluate the physical (basic density and shrinkage) and mechanical properties (shear, compression, modulus of elasticity and rupture) of the wood. There was no statistical difference between the progenies for the characteristics evaluated because it was juvenile wood. The basic density showed a positive correlation with the radial and volumetric shrinkage and a negative correlation with the shrinkage index. There is no correlation of DBH with the physical or mechanical properties of wood. The values obtained were low but with the potential to increase.
Analisis Teknis Dan Ekonomis Pengembangan Green Ship Recycling Yard Di Indonesia

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Penutuhan kapal (ship recycling) telah dianggap sebagai alternatif terbaik untuk membuang kapal usang. Saat ini teknologi ship recycling menjadikan kembali produk yang dibongkar dalam rantai pasokan pasar dengan mengikuti prinsip-prinsip recycling. Industri ship recycling yard harus merumuskan metode docking, cutting, decoating, dan material handling terbaik dengan memadukan kegiatan rekayasa untuk menghasilkan produk berkualitas lebih baik.
Pengembangan galangan penutuhan kapal menjadi green ship recycling yard yang sesuai dengan peraturan yang berlaku dapat dilakukan dengan penambahan fasilitas dan teknologi yang tepat sesuai analisis teknis dan ekonomis. Setiap metode yang akan digunakan memiliki beberapa kelebihan dan kekurangan sehingga untuk menentukannya diperlukan kriteria dan sub-kriteria. Pengambilan keputusan menggunakan metode Analytic Network Process (ANP).
Keputusan yang diambil didapatkan alternatif sebagai berikut: docking: slipway, decoating: dry ice blasting, cutting: oxy acetylene dan material handling: mobile crane crawler. Setelah dilakukan ananisis kelayakan usaha maka green ship recycling yard sebagai usaha penutuhan kapal layak dan bisa dikembangkan di Indonesia.

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Ship recycling has been considered the best alternative to dispose of obsolete ships. Currently the ship recycling technology is to make back the products are unloaded in the supply chain market with following the principles of recycling. Industrial ship recycling yard should formulate the methods of docking, cutting, decoating, and material handling by combining the best of engineering activities to produce a better quality products.
Ship recycling yard development into green ship recycling yards in accordance with applicable regulations can be done with the addition of facilities and technologies appropriate technical and economic analysis. Each method that will be used has some advantages and disadvantages so as to determine the necessary criteria and sub-criteria. Decision-making by utilizing Analytic Network Process (ANP).
The decisions made alternate obtained as follows: docking: slipway, decoating: dry ice blasting, cutting: oxy acetylene and material handling: mobile crane crawler. After analisis feasibility of the green ship recycling yard in an attempt feasible ship recycling and can be developed in Indonesia.
Paediatric window falls and interannual temperature variability in the Seattle metro area

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We explore whether the timing and burden of paediatric window fall injuries in the Seattle area have changed with higher temperatures and increased air conditioning (AC) prevalence. Using hospital trauma registry records from 2005 to 2017, along with population estimates from the National Center for Health Statistics, we calculate trauma incidence rates from paediatric window falls. Using local temperature data, we explore the relationship between temperature increases over time and the seasonality and rate of incidents. Window falls are a substantial cause of injury among children, with an annual trauma incidence rate among children age 0–8 of 10.4 per 100 000 boys and 5.9 per 100 000 girls in our sample. We find a mildly positive trend in the crude rate of window falls over the study period, increasing further when a population-level adjustment for AC prevalence is included. We do not find evidence of earlier injury timing during the calendar year.
Care of HIV-infected children before and after antiretroviral therapy initiation in West Africa : contribution towards the development of a multi-state model

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

L’acces aux interventions de la prevention de la transmission mere-enfant (PTME) est limite en Afrique de l’Ouest et les meres infectees continuent de transmettre le virus a leurs enfants. D’importantes questions sur le diagnostic et traitement antiretroviral (TAR) precoce pour les enfants dans les pays a ressources-limitees restent sans reponses. La simulation est un outil utile qui permet d’integrer toutes les donnees disponibles et de projeter a long terme les retombees cliniques et economiques de l’infection a VIH pediatrique et informer les politiques de sante. Bien que les modeles de simulation soient mathematiquement sophistiques, l’utilite des etudes basees sur la simulation depend de la qualite des donnees de depart. L’objectif principal de ce travail etait de fournir des donnees originales et recentes sur la mortalite, morbidite severe et recours aux soins chez les enfants infectes par le VIH suivis dans des programmes de soins, avant et apres initiation du TAR, dans le contexte du passage a l’echelle du TAR depuis 2004 en Afrique de l’Ouest. Nos resultats font ressortir un taux de mortalite comparable a d’autres etudes, atteignant 5.5% apres 18 mois de suivi dans une cohorte d’enfants non traites par TAR, inclus a un âge median de 5 ans. Les taux de morbidite severe etaient eleves chez les enfants non traites mais aussi traites. Nous avons rapportes qu’une hospitalisation sur trois etait provoquee par une morbidite infectieuse, evitable par une prophylaxie par cotrimoxazole, une intervention simple et efficace qui n’est toujours pas accessible a tous en Afrique de l’Ouest. Nous avons egalement observe un recours aux soins importants associe a la morbidite severe. Cependant, parmi les enfants non traites, comme les traites, le recours aux soins etait plus faible parmi les enfants les plus immunodeprimes. Le principal obstacle aux recours aux soins etait le cout associe pour les familles. Enfin, les enfants qui initiaient un TAR l’initiaient trop tard, a un stade trop avancee de la maladie pour une restitution immunitaire pour âge ; la probabilite de rattraper une immunite normale etait encore plus faible chez les enfants âges > 5 ans compare aux plus jeunes. Globalement, ce travail met en avant la necessite de la mise en place de strategies de diagnostic et traitement precoce. Optimiser le parcours de soins ainsi implique des interventions a de nombreux niveaux du systeme de soins et aucune approche unique ne pourra etre efficace. De plus, les couts lies a une prise en charge a vie devront etre estimes dans un contexte ou le VIH devient une maladie chronique engendrant un plus gros recours aux soins. Integrer ces donnees dans un modele de simulation permettra d’informer les politiques de sante et les soignants afin d’identifier les strategies les plus efficaces et cout-efficaces pour le diagnostic, le traitement et le suivi a long terme de l’enfant infecte par le VIH dans les pays a ressources limitees.