jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Laser-Induced Graphene

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Research on graphene abounds, from fundamental science to device applications. In pursuit of complementary morphologies, formation of graphene foams is often preferred over the native two-dimensional (2D) forms due to the higher available area. Graphene foams have been successfully prepared by several routes including chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods and by wet-chemical approaches. For these methods, one often needs either high temperature furnaces and highly pure gases or large amounts of strong acids and oxidants. In 2014, using a commercial laser scribing system as found in most machine shops, a direct lasing of polyimide (PI) plastic films in the air converted the PI into 3D porous graphene, a material termed laser-induced graphene (LIG). This is a one-step method without the need for high-temperature reaction conditions, solvent, or subsequent treatments, and it affords graphene with many five-and seven-membered rings. With such an atomic arrangement, one might call LIG "kinetic graphene" since there is no annealing in the process that causes the rearrangement to the preferred all-six-membered-ring form. In this Account, we will first introduce the approaches that have been developed for making LIG and to control the morphology as either porous sheets or fibrils, and to control porosity, composition, and surface properties. The surfaces can be varied from being either superhydrophilic with a 0° contact angle with water to being superhydrophobic having >150° contact angle with water. While it was initially thought that the LIG process could only be performed on PI, it was later shown that a host of other polymeric substrates, nonpolymers, metal/plastic composites, and biodegradable and naturally occurring materials and foods could be used as platforms for generating LIG. Methods of preparation include roll-to-roll production for fabrication of in-plane electronics and two different 3D printing (additive manufacturing) routes to specific shapes of LIG monoliths using both laminated object manufacturing and powder bed fabrication methods. Use of the LIG in devices is performed very simply. This is showcased with high performance supercapacitors, fuel cell materials for oxygen reduction reactions, water splitting for both hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions coming from the same plastic sheet, sensor devices, oil/water purification platforms, and finally applications in both passive and active biofilm inhibitors. So the ease of formation of LIG, its simple scale-up, and its utility for a range of applications highlights the easy transition of this substrate-bound graphene foam into commercial device platforms.
The Cerebellar Vermis and Fastigial Nucleus Control of Eye Movements.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Clinical and experimental reports have shown the functional role of the cerebellum in saccadic eye movement, and clinical tests in patients with cerebellar disorder have suggested that cerebellar function controlled the accuracy of saccadic eye movement in direction, amplitude and targetting. Therefore, participation of the cerebellum in eyemovement control was inferred from the effect of vermal and fastigial stimulation and from recordings of saccade-related activity form vermal lobules VI and VII (oculomotor vermis) and the fastigial nucleus (caudal part, fastigial oculomotor region, FOR).Saccades evoked by microstimulation of the oculomotor vermis resulted from the activation of purkinje cells and their axons and movement toward the ipsilateral direction was evoked. Saccades evoked by stimulations the dorsal part of the fastigial nucleus were also in the ipsilateral direction and were suppressed by bicuculline. These saccades were induced by stimulations the axons of purkinje cells arising from the oculomotor vermis. Saccades evoked from the ventral part were in the contralateral direction, and were induced by direct stimulation of fastigial neurons. Saccades were the result of activating purkinje cells, indicating that signals of stimulation are transmitted via the fastigial nucleus. These purkinje cells and fastigial neurons received the same mossy fiber inputs with relation to saccades. Neural recordings from the oculomotor vermis and FOR suggested that these areas controlled saccades in the direction contralateral to the amplitude and ipsilateral to the ending saccades.
3D Morphology of Al5FeSi inclusions in high Fe-content Al-Si-Cu Alloys

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The 3D morphology of the brittle platelet-like ß-Al5FeSi inclusions was analyzed in order to understand the effect of these particles on the degradation of the fracture-resistance of high Fe-content cast Al-Si-Cu alloys. The 3D data of the ß-Al5FeSi compounds was obtained with micro-computed tomography and revealed complex morphology of ß-Al5FeSi inclusions. Tensile tests were conducted and massive ß-Al5FeSi platelets were observed as the main crack initiation sites in the SEM fracture surface observations. The 3D geometry of the largest segmented ß-Al5FeSi phase was exported to a FE software and the maximum stress concentration factors were calculated. After heat treatment, a dissolved morphology of the ß-Al5FeSi inclusions was observed and ductility increased significantly.
ANALYSIS OF EXISTING METHODS OF VALUE ADDED CALCULATION AT THE ENTERPRISE

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Introduction. The analysis of business efficiency and enterprise management in terms of decision-making are key factors, which influence the outcome. That is why the search for methods of assessing the effectiveness of business processes that show the effectiveness of using embedded resources is the most important task of the modern economy. Using classical economic indicators to evaluate the company's performance does not show the results of using registered and invested resources, and, accordingly, does not allow making object-oriented decisions. World experience proves the expediency of using modern indicators of evaluating the performance of an enterprise based on the system of value added indicators using. Accordingly, the implementation of the experience of global corporations and the search for methods of effective assessment to obtain an effective and expedient result are actual directions for research. Purpose. The article aims to carry out the theoretical generalization and analysis of variation methods and models of value added calculation. Method (methodology). In order to reach the goal of the research we have used the following methods: empirical methods for the analysis of value added models, method of synthesis and analysis to clarify the essence of the concept of «added value», method of grouping and generalization for the systematization of value added models. Results. In the article, authors have proposed the new definition of the concept of «added value». We have analysed historical stages of the development of value added, reasons for its implementation and using as an alternative approach for determining the efficiency of the enterprise and management. The basic conceptual models of determining value added, which are used by the famous foreign transnational companies, have been considered. The authors have analysed the advantages and disadvantages of each model and the effective conditions for their use. The relevance of the implementation of this indicator in the activity of national enterprises for the construction of an effective system of management has been proposed.
Design of Image Acquisition System Based on CMOS Image Sensor

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

CMOS sensor has many advantages than traditional CCD sensor,the image system based on CMOS has became a hotspot in research and development.A image acquisition system based on USB and ADCS1121 CMOS homochromatic image sensor is designed here.The hardware of system is analyzed in detail,the program of USB interface controller and CMOS sensor driver and application software are described.Realization of USB firmware program,equipment driving program and application program are given.
Weighted sharp maximal function inequalities and boundedness of multilinear singular integral operator satisfying a variant of Hörmander’s condition

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we establish the weighted sharp maximal function inequalities for the multilinear operator associated with the singular integral operator satisfying a variant of Hörmander’s condition. As an application, we obtain the boundedness of the operator on weighted Lebesgue spaces. MSC:42B20, 42B25.
Shrinking Net Sown Area and Changing Land Use Pattern in Bihar: An Economic Analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Land is vital natural resource for any developmental activity. The judicious use of land is an earnest demand of time as the increasing demand for food and shelter is rapidly increasing with the burgeoning population. Bihar shares about 8.63% of the total population in the country while the share in total land area of India is only 2.86%. There are about 1.61 crore farm holdings of which 91% is marginal still about 68 percent of population earns their livelihood from agriculture and allied sector. Agriculture holds a vital role in food and nutrition security of the state in addition to overall development. \nLand is an important input for the agriculture sector.Hence, any change or changes in land use pattern has significant implication in food security for the state in particular and nation in general. This paper is based on secondary data published by Government of Bihar. An attempt has been made to investigate agro-climatic zone wise land use of the state and state as a whole. The study reveals that the net sown area has declined both on zonal level and also at state level. Decline in net sown area in agro-climatic zone-III is more pronounced than that of zone-I & zone-II. Being centre of the state, urbanization has taken place in faster way in the zone-III. The other reasons for changes undergoing in land use pattern may be increasing population, fragmentation of land holdings and declining water table in this region. Zone-I & zone-II come under flood prone area, farmers put their land as current fallow due to devastating flood threat causing damage to their crops. Land under trees and groves have also witnessed positive percentage change over the decade and also in growth rate, this may be the other reason for decline in net sown area in the state. \nShrinking of net sown area is of great concern to feed the up warding growth of population. Motivating farmers to increase productivity to protect growing population and \nserving their demand for food and nutritional security, we have to make such kind of strategies which may lead to enhance the income of the cultivators as well as fulfill the \nfood demand of growing population, keeping in mind the fast changing climatic conditions all over the world and protecting wasteful and careless use of natural resources for betterment of coming generation.
The non-compensatory relationship between risk and return in business angel investment decision making

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

By analyzing observed interactions between entrepreneurs and business angels (BAs) on the Canadian reality TV show Dragons’ Den , we find that BAs use a non-compensatory decision-making process when evaluating anticipated risk and return. This is consistent with our hypotheses that BAs use decision heuristics (shortcuts) to conserve cognitive effort when deciding whether or not to invest in business opportunities proposed by entrepreneurs. Our results further our understanding of how and when behavioral decision theory can inform real-life BA investment decision processes. Additionally, the results offer practical implications for entrepreneurs interested in pitching proposals to BAs.
EU and Morocco on Migration:The Consistency of Border Security and Human Rights Protection - and where they clash

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research investigates to what extent the European Union’s cooperation on migration with Morocco as a partner country of the European Neighbourhood Policy is consistent with human rights principles. The paper uses a normative research design systematically looking at the existing legal framework of EU- Morocco cooperation on migration management is in light of the EU’s role as a promoter of human rights in its external action. The legal framework of cooperation between the EU and Morocco is examined in order to analyse the balance between border security and human rights protection, and the role of the EU as a normative power is verified. By focusing on the operational acting of the local authorities in the border region of Melilla, the compliance with the right to asylum and the right to non refoulement is analysed. The study leads to the conclusion that, through its non-action, faced to human rights violations conducted by Moroccan and Spanish authorities, the EU is indirectly responsible for the violations as well. Instead of promoting the protection of human rights, the Union prioritises the protection of its external borders to Morocco.
Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) Associated with Selective IgA Deficiency

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Selective IgA deficiency (IgAD) (serum IgA concentration of &lt;0.07 g/l) is the most common primary immunodeficiency in Caucasians, with an estimated prevalence of 1/600. There are strong indications for involvement of genetic factors in development of the disease and the frequency of several extended major histocompatibility complex haplotypes (includ-ing HLA-A1, B8, DR3, DQ2) have previously been shown to be increased among Caucasian patients with IgAD. PCR was used to type HLA B, DR, and DQ alleles in 29 Iranian individuals with IgAD and 299 Swedish individuals with IgAD. The results indicate a strong association with the HLA B14, DR1 alleles in Iranian subjects
Ecological impacts of photoautotrophic Euendoliths on South African mussel beds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aphytis lingnanensis was reared and tested in South Africa in the early 2000s for augmentation against red scale on citrus and was found to be ineffective. Aphytis melinus is now commercially available and it is important that the efficacy of augmentation thereof on red scale is determined locally. Field trials, fitness assessments and molecular identification on A. melinus from two insectaries were done. Field trials was done in seven, five and six pairs of comparable release and control orchards across the Eastern and Western Cape during the seasons of 2019/2020, 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 respectively. Red scale infestation was monitored and a sample of 20 infested fruit from each orchard was randomly collected every four weeks. Aphytis spp. responsible for parasitism were identified and the percentage parasitism recorded. Results of this study of field trials suggest that the augmentation of A. melinus did not significantly increase the level of parasitism above that of the untreated control. Five repetitions with six replicates of flight and longevity tests were performed with wasps from each insectary. Wasps in the longevity test from two insectaries were kept at 23 °C and 65% RH with honey. Flight tests were performed in tubes of 16 by 30 cm, with a light above a clear, sticky ceiling at 23 °C and 65% RH. On average in five replicates, 65%, 33% and 17% A. melinus wasps were alive on day one, five and 10 respectively. The overall sex ratio was 1.58 for females to males, but 1.05, 2.19 and 2.66 for non-flyers, non-crawlers, crawlers, and flyers respectively. In flight tests for both insectaries combined, only 36.97% of wasps could initiate flight in 24 h while 56.96% remained on the tube floor, and 6.05% attempted to crawl upwards. No significant differences in flight performance were recorded between the two insectaries. Wasps from the local insectary lived significantly longer during the longevity tests but were shorter in transit than wasps from the overseas insectary. COI genes were sequenced and compared against Genbank sequences using BLAST. Molecular identifications did not confirm morphological identifications for all species, indicating unexpected genetic complexity.
Vagotomy and Emptying Procedure in the Treatment of Acute Perforated Duodenal Ulcer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Two hundred sixty-six acute perforated peptic ulcers have been treated at the Louisville VA Hospital from its inception in May, 1946 to the end of 1961 (Table 1). During this period, only a small minority, 25 patients, have been treated by definitive surgery at the time of perforation, but in recent years we have come to feel it is the procedure of choice in selected circumstances. The first 183 perforations, all treated prior to 1955, have been previously studied and reported8(Table 2). Most (175) of these had been treated by simple suture. While the mortality for simple suture in that group was satisfactory, only 2.3%, we elected to analyze critically the postoperative courses after simple suture to determine if a more aggressive attack on the acute perforation might be warranted, as suggested by many European surgeons and some surgeons in this country.2,3,7,9,10Of the 175 perforations treated
Vitamin D3 Supplementation Ameliorates Typical Clinical Symptoms in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Japan: A Case Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: We studied the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and typical clinical symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods: We enrolled 5 male and 1 female Japanese children with ASD aged 3 years. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D was measured prior to after 9months of supplementation with oral vitamin D3 oil (2μg /day of vitamin D3, corresponding to twice the daily requirement). The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Short Sensory Profile (SSP), Vineland-II were used to assess the severity of autism-related traits. Data were analyzed using a Wilcoxon test. Results: The 25-hydroxy vitamin D level were < 20 ng/mL (deficient) in 2 children, >= 20 ng/mL and <30ng/ mL (insufficient) in 4 children before vitamin D3 supplementation. Our results showed that individual 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels varied significantly among individuals with supplementation, except in the child whose level was already sufficient. The number of children in the deficient group decreased from 2 to 1 (1: became insufficient), while the number in the insufficient group decreased from 4 to 3 (1: became sufficient). The CARS and SSP scores were decreased in all except in one child who had originally high 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels (28 ng/mL). Among the children in this study, vitamin D administration showed a positive effect on the “communication skills”, “ADL skills”, “social skills” or “motor skills” of two of the ASD children assessed with the Vineland-II. Conclusion: These findings show that vitamin D supplementation might ameliorate typical clinical symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder.
The Informing of Adult Education by Adult Development

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Theory‐building and research conducted in the field of human development can inform the process of adult education. Three broad perspectives of human development—stage theory, phasic approaches, and the combination of the two—are discussed in terms of the insight they can bring to the field of adult education. Works of major theorists in both fields are considered in order to highlight the discussion. Contrasts are drawn between the development and education of adolescents and of adults. General recommendations for adult education are made, and a call is issued for further strengthening the ties between the fields of human development and adult education.
Societal Controversies in Wikipedia Articles

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Collaborative content creation inevitably reaches situations where different points of view lead to conflict. We focus on Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia anyone may edit, where disputes about content in controversial articles often reflect larger societal debates. While Wikipedia has a public edit history and discussion section for every article, the substance of these sections is difficult to phantom for Wikipedia users interested in the development of an article and in locating which topics were most controversial. In this paper we present Contropedia, a tool that augments Wikipedia articles and gives insight into the development of controversial topics. Contropedia uses an efficient language agnostic measure based on the edit history that focuses on wiki links to easily identify which topics within a Wikipedia article have been most controversial and when.
Description of a Rare Compound Heterozygous Transthyretin Mutation Val30Met/Val122Ile Conferring Early Onset Hereditary Amyloidosis with Severe Features (P14-8.009)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:

To describe a case of hereditary amyloidosis with a rare compound heterozygous mutation that is not described in the literature.

Background:

Hereditary amyloidosis is a rare disease characterized by accumulation of amyloid deposits in tissue, causing end-organ failure. Most common manifestations include cardiomyopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. The transthyretin (TTR) is encoded on chromosome 18 and functions to transport thyroxine and retinol through blood and CSF. Mutations in TTR increase the amyloidogenic potential of the protein. TTR is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion, and thus mutagenic carriers often have a strong family history of the associated diseases. There are over 100 characterized mutations of this gene. The vast majority of genetically proven cases are associated with missense mutations in a single codon. Compound heterozygotes are rarely reported in the literature.

Design/Methods:

N/A

Results:

A 40-year-old male with history of chronic diarrhea and anemia presents with two years of pedal edema, weight loss, dyspnea on exertion, and progressive limb weakness resulting in multiple falls. On cardiac evaluation he was found to have severe cardiomyopathy with increase LV thickness and evidence of amyloidosis on cardiac MRI. EMG demonstrated a severe sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Exam was notable for absent joint position sense resulting in gait dysfunction necessitating use of a cane. Subsequent endomyocardial biopsy revealed ATTR type amyloid deposition. Genetic evaluation demonstrated two separate pathogenic variants in TTR (Val30Met/Val122Ile). He was started on therapy with tafamidis and later transitioned to patisiran infusions with some symptomatic improvement. Genetic testing of family members was suggested however not yet completed.

Conclusions:

Compound heterozygous mutations in TTR are exceedingly rare, and this report presents a perhaps never before described case of an individual with both Val30Met and Val122Ile mutations resulting in early onset severe hereditary amyloidosis with multisystem involvement. Disclosure: Dr. Nardin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Traub has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Alnylam. Dr. Traub has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Argenx. The institution of Dr. Traub has received research support from Alnylam Pharmaceuticals. The institution of Dr. Traub has received research support from Alexion. The institution of Dr. Traub has received research support from Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA). The institution of Dr. Traub has received research support from Ionis.