jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Prevalence Rate of Renal Stone Disease in Forsyth County, North Carolina During 1977

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A count of all recorded hospitalized cases of Forsyth County, North Carolina residents with a primary discharge diagnosis of renal (kidneyand/or ureteral) stone in 1977 is obtained by age, race and sex, and used in conjunction with the census data to estimate age-adjusted prevalence rates. The over-all prevalence rate is 2.08 per thousand population, which agrees well with results of earlier investigations. For white male subjects the age-adjusted prevalence rate is 3.64 per thousand, for white female subjects 1.44, for non-white male subjects 0.97 and for non-white female subjects 0.34. The white to non-white ratio and the male to female rates are compared with earlier published values. For all groups the prevalence rate increases with age, attaining a maximum in the 40 to 60-year category for whites and somewhat later for non-whites. Beyond age 60 prevalence drops, reaching 0 or near 0 in the 80 to 89-year range. A simple phenomenological model is suggested to explain the observed race and sex differences in the prevalence rates.
[Determination of the chemosensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum: methodology and interpretation].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Les 3 domaines principaux d'application des tests in vitro concernant la surveillance epidermologique de la chimioresistance, l'etude de l'activite de nouveaux antipaludeens, l'ajustement therapeutique en vue du traitement des malades
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology 22(2):87-91, 2008 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2008.22.2.87 Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Techniques in Congenital Cataracts

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To investigate the general clinical features of congenital cataracts and to determine their relationship to visual prognosis and surgical complications according to age at operation and surgical procedure adopted. Method: We retrospectively evaluated 92 eyes in 61 patients with congenital cataracts who underwent cataract surgery between January 1996 and December 2006. The demographic data, surgical technique, post‐operative complications, and final visual prognosis were evaluated. Results: The average age at surgery was 3.17 years (range 1 month to 11 years), and the mean follow‐up was 40.02 months (range 6 to 46 months). Of the 56 eyes that could be checked for visual acuity after cataract extraction, 29 (51.7%) had a BCVA of ≥0.5 at last visit. Unilateral congenital cataracts (p=0.025) and congenital cataracts with strabismus (p=0.019) showed significantly poorer visual outcomes. Patients with nystagmus also experienced a poor visual outcome; 6 patients (67%) had a BCVA of &lt;0.1. Posterior cataracts had the worst visual prognosis (p=0.004). No statistically significant differences in posterior capsular opacity (p=0.901) or synechia formation (p=0.449) were observed between surgical techniques, but children younger than one year showed a higher tendency for PCO and synechia formation. Conclusions: Anterior vitrectomy did not reduce postoperative complications. Higher rates of complications (PCO, posterior synechia) developed in children younger than one year of age.
Ultra low-power macro-blocks for biomedical applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An area-power efficient full-adder is designed in the form of a soft macro and serving as a basic module for the multiplier-less Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter architecture implementation. A comprehensive analysis on the existing 1-bit full-adder designs are carried out. The best five full-adder ciruits are chosen for evaluation and a full-adder circuit that dissipates low-power consumption with small silicon area is proposed. In addition, the proposed full-adder is able to operate at a low supply voltage of 1.2V and thus it is suitable for battery-powered portable biomedical applications.Performances of the circuits are compared using HSPICE simulations in 0.18um CMOS process technology with 100 random input vectors. The proposed full-adder features least power consumption, lowest power delay product and smallest area among the recently reported designs at the low supply voltage of 1.2V. In addition, the advantage of the proposed low-voltage low-power full-adder is explored by integrating the full-adder into the multiplier-less FIR filter, whih is a digital filter commonly used in the multirate filter bank for biomedical applications.
Evidence that a plant virus switched hosts to infect a vertebrate and then recombined with a vertebrate-infecting virus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

There are several similarities between the small, circular, single-stranded-DNA genomes of circoviruses that infect vertebrates and the nanoviruses that infect plants. We analyzed circovirus and nanovirus replication initiator protein (Rep) sequences and confirmed that an N-terminal region in circovirus Reps is similar to an equivalent region in nanovirus Reps. However, we found that the remaining C-terminal region is related to an RNA-binding protein (protein 2C), encoded by picorna-like viruses, and we concluded that the sequence encoding this region of Rep was acquired from one of these single-stranded RNA viruses, probably a calicivirus, by recombination. This is clear evidence that a DNA virus has incorporated a gene from an RNA virus, and the fact that none of these viruses code for a reverse transcriptase suggests that another agent with this capacity was involved. Circoviruses were thought to be a sister-group of nanoviruses, but our phylogenetic analyses, which take account of the recombination, indicate that circoviruses evolved from a nanovirus. A nanovirus DNA was transferred from a plant to a vertebrate. This transferred DNA included the viral origin of replication; the sequence conservation clearly indicates that it maintained the ability to replicate. In view of these properties, we conclude that the transferred DNA was a kind of virus and the transfer was a host-switch. We speculate that this host-switch occurred when a vertebrate was exposed to sap from an infected plant. All characterized caliciviruses infect vertebrates, suggesting that the host-switch happened first and that the recombination took place in a vertebrate.
Nitrate reductases and hemoglobins control nitrogen-fixing symbiosis by regulating nitric oxide accumulation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The interaction between legumes and rhizobia leads to the establishment of a symbiotic relationship between plant and bacteria. This is characterized by the formation of a new organ, the nodule, which facilitates the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) by nitrogenase through the creation of a hypoxic environment. Nitric oxide (NO) accumulates at each stage of the symbiotic process. NO is involved in defense responses, nodule organogenesis and development, nitrogen fixation metabolism, and senescence induction. During symbiosis, either successively or simultaneously, NO regulates gene expression, modulates enzyme activities, and acts as a metabolic intermediate in energy regeneration processes via phytoglobin-NO respiration and the bacterial denitrification pathway. Due to the transition from normoxia to hypoxia during nodule formation, and the progressive presence of the bacterial partner in the growing nodules, NO production and degradation pathways change during the symbiotic process. This review analyzes the different source and degradation pathways of NO, and highlights the role of nitrate reductases and hemoproteins of both the plant and bacterial partners in the control of NO accumulation.
NAVIGATING ANGELTAX: DEFY AND OPPORTUNITY FOR INDIAN START-UPS

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

India is home to the world’s 3rd largest start-up ecosystem and has produced a plethora of successful start-ups in the past decade, including BOAT, PAYTM, and OLA. However, the resurgence of the Angel Tax may hinder current growth and prevent India from reaching its goal of becoming the largest start-up ecosystem in the world by 2030. This paper explores impact of Angel tax on Start up in Indian context. Angel tax, introduced aims to curb tax evasion and money laundering. However, its impact on Indian start-ups has been debated. This paper examines the effects of angel tax on start-up funding, growth, innovation, and job creation in the Indian economy over a period of 4 years.
ELECTROMAGNETIC INSTABILITIES OF PLASMA,

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Using a method similar to Penrose (Phys. Fluids, 3, 1960, 258), an instability criterion for electromagnetic waves in plasmas with anisotropic velocity distribution is obtained by analyzing the geometrical properties of dispersion relation. The effect of temperature nonhomogeneity on instability and that of particle beams are discussed. Finally, a formula for the first ordered relativistic connection for Wiebel's rate of growth of the electromagnetic waves is given. (Author)
Effect of bezafibrate on middle-senior aged hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

目的 探讨苯扎贝特对中老年高血压代谢综合征患者各代谢因素的影响.方法将55例中老年高血压代谢综合征患者分为2组:苯扎贝特组28例给予缓释硝苯地平、苯扎贝特并饮食控制;对照组27例给予缓释硝苯地平、安慰剂并饮食控制.观察治疗前后血压、体质指数、血脂、空腹血糖、胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数及尿酸水平等变化.结果2组血压水平均有明显下降,苯扎贝特组治疗后舒张压降低较对照组显著(P＜0.05);苯扎贝特组血甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平明显降低(P＜0.05或0.001),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇显著升高(P＜0.05),空腹血糖及胰岛素浓度降低(P＜0.05),胰岛素敏感性升高(P＜0.05),血尿酸水平明显下降(P＜0.01).结论苯扎贝特有可能改善中老年高血压代谢综合征患者的多种代谢异常因素。
Men's health: an overlooked inequality

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Men's health outcomes are problematic globally, regionally and nationally. Male life expectancy was 3.6 years shorter than female life expectancy in the UK in 2015. Men take more risks with their health and are less likely than women to be aware of disease symptoms. They use primary care services less frequently than women, with likely impacts on health outcomes, especially for mental health, although there is evidence that for some conditions men may seek help just as quickly as women. Men's health initiatives have increased and there is growing evidence that ‘gender-sensitive’ interventions aimed at men can be effective. However, a strategic response, locally or nationally, to men's health problems in the UK has been absent. A number of actions, including by nurses, could make a difference. A national men's health policy, extended open hours in primary care, more outreach work and professional training, are among the measures suggested.
Plant Disease Detection Using Advanced Deep Learning Algorithms: A Case Study of Papaya Ring Spot Disease

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Faster and accurate detection of plant diseases can enhance agricultural productivity and overall yield. Many methods are proposed in the literature for plant disease detection using optical sensors mounted on agricultural robots. There are many deep learning algorithms proposed to identify plant diseases. Many such algorithms require high computation power and take more time during training. Implementation of such algorithms on robot controllers for online detection is quite difficult. In this paper, we propose the use of lighter versions of YOLO which are more efficient and have high detection speed in plant disease detection. A case study of deadly viral disease that affects Papaya plants is considered, and a dataset consisting of images of both healthy and diseased leaves which are affected by the Papaya ringspot virus has been constructed. The proposed algorithms have been trained on the dataset built and tested. Test results show that lighter versions of YOLO are far more efficient than improved or original versions of YOLO, especially in the case of plant disease detection using mobile agricultural robots.
Defining ‘Community’ for Community Translation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Unlike community interpreting, community translation engages with the members of the community both at individual and group levels. This duality of the process makes the\nidentification of the community as a socio-cultural entity and of its individual members all the more important. There have been several attempts to define the concept of ‘community’ in different professional and academic contexts. Mindful of the difficulty of defining community, the paper proposes three methods that can help community translators in visualizing the characteristics of the intended audience and in making informed translation decisions. The three methods, derived from user-centred translation, are scrutinized using a case study based on a real-life National Health Service (NHS) text.
April (1998), 1–40 On q-analogues of Riemann’s zeta

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The aim of the paper is to define q-deformations of the Riemann zeta function and to extend them to the whole complex plane. The construction is directly related to the recent difference generalization of the Harish-Chandra theory of zonal spherical functions [C1,C2,C3]. The Macdonald truncated theta function [M1] replaces x s. The analytic continuation is based on the shift operator technique and a more traditional approach close to Riemann’s first proof of the functional equation (see [E,R]). We introduce q-deformations using the real and imaginary integration. The construction depends on the particular choice of the path and the integrand much more than in the classical theory. We come to several different functions with different properties. All have meromorphic continuations to the whole complex plane. The basic ones approach ζ (up to a Γ-factor) as q → 1 for all s thanks to the Stirling-Moak formula for Γq [Mo]. There are also equally interesting transitional q-zeta functions converging to ζ for ℜs&gt; 1 and to proper combinations of gamma functions for ℜs &lt; 1. They approximate ζ
Materials and Fuels Complex Operations Management Improvement Strategy for FY2022

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Materials and Fuels Complex (MFC) has experienced substantial growth in terms of staff, research, and production in recent years. MFC operational performance has effectively kept pace with this growth. However, to capture the continuous improvement actions needed to improve effectiveness and increase the efficiency of our management systems, a broad operations management strategy is necessary. The MFC Operations Management Improvement (OMI) Strategy is complementary to the MFC Five-Year Mission and Investment Strategies and the MFC Management Plan. The OMI strategy is structured to address the management systems outlined in the Nuclear Facility Management Standard Operations Model. Selected management systems are evaluated independently in chapters that describe the prior 5 years of performance improvement, a description of improvement actions for the MFC staff that directly perform within or contribute to the management system, process improvements, and any needed equipment improvements. Chapter selection is based on a management system’s need for improvement. In some cases, management systems may be combined in a single chapter. Additional chapters are added to address subject areas not formally described in the standard operations model.
Life In-Between: Bridging Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

This special issue is the second in the series of small collections of topical reviews in The Journal of Immunology and features a collection of three Brief Reviews on innate/innate-like lymphocytes: “Life In-Between: Bridging Innate and Adaptive Immunity” ([1][1]–[3][2]). By virtue of
Overview of the Pharmacoeconomics of Pharmacogenetics

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Pharmacoeconomics and pharmacogenetics are two fields converging together as it is increasingly recognized that genetic markers predicting efficacy and toxicity to drugs can cost-effectively improve patient care. While pharmacogenetics aims at identifying genetic markers underlying the response to drugs, pharmacoeconomics aims at delivering healthcare cost-effectively. Several studies have investigated the potential cost-effectiveness of pharmacogenetic-based approaches. Recent evidences include screening for thiopurine methyltransferase gene polymorphisms to prevent azathioprine-induced myelosuppression, or screening for human leukocyte antigen (HLA)B5701 to prevent hypersensitivity reactions to abacavir therapy. Furthermore, examples suggesting a cost-effectiveness of markers predicting drug efficacy include screening the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphisms for statins therapy, the alpha-adducin gene variant for diuretic therapy and the assessment of human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) expression for trastuzumab therapy. However, thus far, all these pharmacoeconomic analyses are exploratory and validations in prospective randomized clinical trials are warranted.
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF CONCRETE TALL BUILDINGS SUBJECTED TO EXTREME LOADING CONDITIONS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper presents a vulnerability/survivability assessment procedure based on the analysis of a typical tall building in Australia. The structural stability and integrity of the building was assessed by considering the effects of the failure of some perimeter columns, spandrel beams and floor slabs due to blast overpressure or impact. The criterion of the analysis is to check if failure of any primary structural member will cause progressive collapse propagating beyond one story level above or below the affected member vertically, or to the next primary structural member vertically. The overall stability of the structure will rely on continuity and ductility of these elements to redistribute forces within the structure. The authors suggest some methods to improve the impact resistance of concrete walls and slabs, as well as the rotation capacity of the beams, columns and joints which have been found from this study of crucial importance for collapse prevention. Keywords: Tall buildings, Concrete, Blast, Impact, Progressive collapse, Extreme loadings
Seismic response of high-filled reinforced embankment based on SIMULINK

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to study seismic response of high-filled reinforced embankment,the embankment was simplified as a multi-mass system,and its dynamic equation under horizontal seismic was deduced considering the effects of reinforcements on soil lateral stiffness and reinforcement-soil friction.The dynamic system represented by the dynamic equation was expressed using the state space method.According to the state equation,a numerical simulation model was established using SIMULINK so that the dynamic response can be obtained.This proposed model was applied to simulate the seismic response of a railway embankment,and the analysis results were compared with those by FLAC2D.The results show that this method is simple and practical,and the parameters in this model can be obtained by general geotechnical experiments,so it can be used in actual seismic engineering.Reinforcements in soil can significantly reduce acceleration amplification effect and horizontal displacement at the top of the embankment due to the horizontal seismic input.
Design, Construction and Evaluation of Zobo Juice Processing Device

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study was aimed to develop a device which can process Zobo juice at an economic rate utilizing the principle of leaf extraction method.Four tanks were constructed using aluminium sheet and stainless steel.The boiling, heat exchanger, and homogenizing tanks were made of aluminium while the cold water tank was made of stainless steel.The volumes of the tanks are 9.0 m 3 , 9.5 m 3 , 9.0 m 3 and 5.0 m 3 for boiling tank, homogenizing tank, heat exchanger and cold water tank respectively.The Zobo calyces are boiled in the boiling tank and the product is exited into the heat exchanger where water from the cold water tank is allowed into the heat exchanger to reduce the temperature of the zobo juice after which it finally enters the homogenizing tank where other ingredients (sugar and ginger) are added.The homogenizing tank stirs its content to obtain the final product.Its performance showed that in an average of 32 minutes using 9 litres capacity of boiling tank with mean volume of 9.0 cm 3 , the homogenizing tank with mean volume of 9.5cm 3 would produce 9 litres of Zobo juice.It takes 32 minutes total processing time per 9 litre of zobo juice.This implies that on the average, one man working at a normal rate of 8 hours 32 minutes shift could process 144 litres of zobo juice using 9 litres capacity boiling tank.The calculated volumetric flow rate was 4.69 ൈ 10 ି m ଷ /s.The microbiological quality assessment from the processed zobo juice showed 1.8 ൈ 10 ସ cfu/ml of mesophilic bacteria and 2.8 ൈ 10 ଷ cfu/ml of yeast/mould with complete absence of coliform cells.The results implied its safety for consumption as a beverage.The zobo-juice processing device is low cost in terms of construction, easy to Original Research Article construct, easy to assemble and requires very little maintenance.It eliminates the unhygienic manual method of producing zobo juice.It serves the purpose of quick production of Zobo juice in homes, hotels, bars and restaurants.The cost of production is eighteen thousand six hundred and ninety Naira N18,690:00 which is approximately $117:00 US Dollars.
Analytical Currents: NMR and the purple fragments.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTAnalytical Currents: NMR and the purple fragments.Cite this: Anal. Chemi. 1999, 71, 9, 306APublication Date (Web):June 7, 2011Publication History Published online7 June 2011Published inissue 1 May 1999https://doi.org/10.1021/ac990316tRequest reuse permissions Article Views16Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of antagonists and antibiotics against bacterial wilt of brinjal caused by Ralstonia solanacearum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two bacterial isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens were effective than the fungal antagonists, against Ralstonia solanacearum. Among the fungal isolates, T. viride (Tv4) was the most effective. The isolates of Chaetomium globosum were least effective. Among antibiotics Plantomycin (streptomycin sulphate + tetracycline) was most effective followed by Pencillin. The least effective antibiotics tested were azithromycin, erthromycin and ampicillin.