jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Rat insulin turnover in vivo

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Zucker lean and obese rats were injected under pentobarbital anesthesia with 125I-labeled insulin; at timed intervals from 30 to 120 sec, blood samples were extracted and used for the estimation of insulin levels by RIA. A group of rats from each series was maintained under a constant infusion of noradrenaline. For each insulin determination, a duplicate blood sample containing the same amount of insulin as that used in the RIA, but without the radioactive label, was used as a blank for insulin measurement. The radioactivity in these tubes was then used for the measurement of insulin label per ml blood. From plasma label decay curves and insulin concentrations, the insulin pool size, half-life, and rate of degradation were calculated. Obese rats had higher insulin levels (2.43 nM) and showed less effect of noradrenaline than their lean counterparts, in which insulin distribution volume shrank with noradrenaline treatment. The half-life of plasma insulin was similar in all groups (range, 226-314 sec). Pool size and overall degradation rates were higher in obese (198 femtokatals) than in lean rats (28 femtokatals). It is postulated that obese rats synthesize and cleave much more insulin than lean controls despite their higher circulating levels of insulin.
Electrochemical performance of LIB anodes based on silicon monoxide: the effect of disproportionation and treatment in HF

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Composite SiO/C anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIB) obtained by carbonization of silicon monoxide with fluorocarbon were investigated. Preliminary modification of the initial silicon monoxide was carried out by disproportionation and subsequent treatment in hydrofluoric acid. The study of the elemental composition of modified SiO and the electrochemical performance of composite anodes made from it showed that the oxygen content in the oxide matrix played a decisive role in changing their behavior. Depletion of it with oxygen as a result of treatment in HF had a beneficial effect, leading to higher stability of the electrodes during cycling, an increase in their capacity, coulombic efficiency and rate capability. Keywords: composite SiO/C anodes, lithium-ion batteries, treatment in HF.
The Occurrence of a High Number of Lung Cancer Metastases is Consonant with the Proposed Theory of Erythrocyte Associated Necrosis Factor

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this journal, I argued that, concerning cancer necrosis itself, which was personally named as the Erythrocyte Associated Necrosis Factor (EANF), it plays a significant role. Accordingly, it is necessary to weigh repeatedly any evidence, which crops up or becomes recognized, in order to confirm or confute any such subsisting hypothesis. Elsewhere, it was hypothesized that EANF positively explains the anomalous lack of contralateral deposits in the cases of lung cancer. This emerged right from the experiences of the medical masters of yester years. In this context, another working hypothesis is being brought forward, namely, that when EANF production is low, the resulting metastases tend to be high in number. In conclusion, just as dangerous bleeding brought death in the days of yore, and the discovery of the Coagulation Factor brought relief, let EANF become the harbinger of the cure of cancer itself be it in the lung or elsewhere.
Improving the Performance of Batteries by Using Multi‐Pyrene PTMA Structures

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Well‐defined pyrene‐based poly(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyloxy‐4‐yl methacrylate) (PTMA) (co)polymers have been synthesized and combined with multi‐wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as electrode material for organic radical batteries. The influence of the number of pyrene pendent groups on the electrochemical response of the nanocomposite materials has been assessed, focusing on the capacity retention upon charge/discharge cycling and on the cycling rate. In parallel, the interactions between the polymethacrylate chains and the CNT surface have been investigated with molecular modeling techniques, to shed light on the nature and stability of the functionalized PTMA/CNT interface.
Relation between the endothelial cell growth state and the proliferation and mig ration properties of vascular smooth muscle cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AIM: To investigate the relation between the altered endothel ia l cells (EC) growth status and the proliferation and migration properties of vas cular smooth muscle cells(SMCs). METHODS: In the cell coculture sy stem, ECs were seeded on the lower chamber and SMCs on the upper chamber. 3H -TdR incoporation and PCNA protein expression were used to determine the effect s of varied EC growth states on the proliferation of vascular SMCs. The number of SMCs migration was counted. RT-PCR was used to analyze the influence of vari ed EC growth states on the expression of α-SM-actin mRNA. RESULTS: 3H-TdR incorportation and the expression of PCNA protein were signifi cantly lower in the confluent EC group and significantly higher in the prolifera tive EC group. The number of migrating cells was about 4 times higher in the proliferative EC group(n=6,P0.05)than in the control group,while tha t in the confluent EC group was only half of the number of the control(n= 6,P0.05). The proliferative ECs inhibited and confluent EC promoted signi ficantly the expression of α-SM-actin mRNA. CONCLUSION: These r esults suggest that the biologic features of SMCs are influenced by EC growth s tate. Proliferative ECs promoted significantly the proliferation and migration o f SMCs and down-regulate α-SM-actin mRNA expression.
Timing synchronization method for device-to-device communication system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose a timing synchronization method for device-to-device (D2D) system. In the past several years, many synchronization protocols have been investigated for ad-hoc network system. However, it is difficult to apply them to D2D system directly because of some difficulties. In D2D system, these protocols have some structural limitations and might show inefficient performance, because cellular base station can be employed to D2D network to enhance performance and reduce resources. Also, D2D network should be able to support a variable number of devices. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a new timing synchronization method for D2D system. In the proposed method, synchronization can be achieved in different ways according to the existence of available cellular base station. In the proposed method, we first consider cellular-assisted (CA) method based on random access process in cellular uplink procedure. On the other hand, when cellular base station is not available, user equipment performs stand-alone (SA) method. In SA-D2D, three step synchronization process and a new reference clock decision rule are proposed. We verify that the proposed method can achieve high accuracy synchronization in a short period.
[Measurement of thiamine concentration in the cat using high pressure liquid chromatography].

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

In the present study a method for direct measurement of thiamine formerly established for ruminants was evaluated for cats. A more accurate and objective clinical diagnosis of thiamine deficiency is feasible in cats with values less than 50 µg/l and typical clinical signs. In animals with values of total thiamine levels between 50-70 µg/l a prophylactic substitution of thiamine can be discussed.
Growth of GaN on a nanoscale periodic faceted Si substrate by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Growth of GaN on a nanoscale periodic faceted Si substrate by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy is reported. The surface of the Si(001) substrate is patterned with a one-dimensional, 355-nm period array of grooves. Each groove consisted of two facing Si{111} stripe facets separated by upper and lower Si(001) surfaces. GaN deposition on this groove array shows a strong selectivity with epitaxial growth of the hexagonal phase on the Si {111} facets being dominant. The initial stage of GaN growth appears to be amorphous. This is followed by GaN containing a high-density of stacking faults to accommodate the large lattice mismatch strain but the defect density decreases as growth proceeds. Lateral overgrowth from the Si{111} facets toward neighboring Si(001) facets leads to coalescence between GaN from opposing Si{111} facets. These GaN regions have misaligned c-axes and the crystal structure becomes unstable as they merge, resulting in a phase transition from hexagonal to cubic at the coalescence region. Experimental results of GaN grown on a nanoscale faceted Si surface including: nucleation, crystal structure, and lateral growth depending on Si orientation are presented.
1 - Emergency medical services witnessed pulseless electrical activity (PEA) has only marginal survival benefit compared to layperson witnessed PEA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose of the study: In-hospital cardiac arrest is a major problem within European countries and their health care systems with a tremendous burden on resources. Improvements of survival of patients after cardiac arrest are non-satisfying over the last years. One reason might be failure in recognizing early warning signs of possible cardiac arrest resulting in more cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in order to save the patientu2019s life. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare health care professionalsu2019 knowledge on CPR among 12 European countries.Materials and methods: At European university hospitals in Italy, Poland, Hungary, Belgium, Spain, Slovakia, Germany, Finland, Netherlands, Switzerland, France and Greece, 570 health care professionals from cardiology, anesthesiology and intensive care medicine departments completed a questionnaire. Questions covered epidemiology data (12) while total score on CPR knowledge was defined as Basic Life Support (BLS, 10 multiple choice questions), ischemic stroke (3) and Advanced Life Support (ALS, 13 questions). Each participant was given 20 minutes to answer the questionnaire. Non parametric Kruskal Wallis test analyzed differences. Values are expressed as median (interquartile range). A p<0.05 was considered as significant.Results: Differences were found among countries in all categories. Hospitals in Switzerland scored highest on BLS with 8 out of 10 (7-8) correct answers (p=0.005), Belgium hospitals scored highest on ALS with 10 correct answers out of 13 questions (9-11, p<0.0001) and total score with 19 correct answers out of 26 questions (17-21, p=0.011). The Swiss hospitals scored highest in education with 2 (1-3) different CPR courses per participant (p<0.0001).Conclusion: The results from Swiss and Belgium hospitals demonstrate that effective educational standards on CPR result in high CPR knowledge. If translation of these results improve patients outcome in different European countries with their differences in health care needs to be assessed in the future.
Festival of the Genome : Celebrating the 10th Anniversary of the Sequencing of the Human Genome : free public lecture series October 20-November 17, 2011

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Speakers:Dr. Gary Litman, Mr. Peter Tush, Mr. Xavier Cortada, Dr. Kalai Mathee, Rev. Dr. Ronald Cole-Turner, Dr. Robert Cook-Deegan.
An automated testing system for the RD51 VMM hybrid and yield measurement of the first production batches

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We present the development of an automated testing system for the VMM hybrid of the RD51 collaboration. The VMM hybrid is a new front-end board for the RD51 common readout system, the Scalable Readout System, and will become the workhorse for the next decade to read out Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detectors. It uses the VMM chip developed for the ATLAS New Small Wheel to convert charge signals from detectors to digital data. Our testing system automatically characterises the quality of the VMM chips on the hybrid after production during multiple tests. Results are evaluated to classify the chips and hybrids and uploaded to a database. We evaluated those results for the first two production batches to measure the production yield. The yield is better than the threshold below which chip testing on a wafer level offers financial benefits. Observations on prominent chip failures were propagated back to the hybrid production process to further increase the yield for future productions.
New‐onset left bundle branch block‐associated idiopathic nonischemic cardiomyopathy and time from diagnosis to cardiac resynchronization therapy: The NEOLITH II study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The optimal timing for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) after diagnosis of new‐onset left bundle branch block (LBBB)‐associated idiopathic nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) and treatment with guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT) is unknown. The purpose of this study was to describe relationships between time from diagnosis to CRT and outcomes in new‐onset LBBB‐associated idiopathic NICM with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤35%. Methods A retrospective cohort study examined associations between time from diagnosis to CRT (≤9 months vs >9 months) and clinical and echocardiographic outcomes. Results In 123 subjects with LBBB‐associated idiopathic NICM, time from diagnosis to CRT was ≤9 months in 60 (49%) subjects and 9 months in 63 (51%) subjects. Clinical outcomes were similar for those implanted ≤9 months versus >9 months for adverse clinical events (hazard ratio [HR], 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41–1.78; P = 0.67) and all‐cause mortality (HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.19–1.70; P = 0.31). Multivariable analyses demonstrated similar results. In 105 subjects with post‐CRT echocardiograms, LVEF improvement to >35% was more likely in those implanted ≤9 months when compared to >9 months (odds ratio [OR], 3.53; 95% CI, 1.32–9.46; P = 0.01). This association persisted in the final multivariable model adjusted for age at diagnosis, sex, QRS duration, post‐GDMT LVEF, and time from CRT to post‐CRT echocardiogram (OR, 5.10; 95% CI, 1.71–15.22; P = 0.004). Conclusion In LBBB‐associated idiopathic NICM, earlier CRT implantation was associated with more favorable cardiac remodeling. Delaying CRT may miss a critical period to halt and reverse progressive myocardial damage.
Omitted Author Affiliation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Alexandra Philipsen, MD; Thomas Jans, PhD; Erika Graf, PhD; Swantje Matthies, MD; Patricia Borel; Michael Colla, MD; Laura Gentschow; Daina Langner, PhD; Christian Jacob, MD; Silke Groß-Lesch, MD; Esther Sobanski, MD; Barbara Alm, MD; Martina Schumacher-Stien; Michael Roesler, MD; Wolfgang Retz, MD; Petra Retz-Junginger, PhD; Bernhard Kis, MD; Mona Abdel-Hamid, PhD; Viola Heinrich; Michael Huss, MD; Catherine Kornmann; Arne Bürger; Evgeniy Perlov, MD; Gabriele Ihorst, PhD; Michael Schlander, MBA; Mathias Berger, MD; Ludger Tebartz van Elst, MD; for the Comparison of Methylphenidate and Psychotherapy in Adult ADHD Study (COMPAS) Consortium
Tumor-specific cytotoxic T cell clones from patients with breast and pancreatic adenocarcinoma recognize EBV-immortalized B cells transfected with polymorphic epithelial mucin complementary DNA.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Human breast and pancreatic adenocarcinomas are tumors of ductal epithelial cell origin and as such produce and express on their surface polymorphic epithelial cell mucin encoded by the MUC 1 gene. We have previously reported that tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells derived from patients bearing such tumors recognize specific epitopes on the mucin polypeptide core. This recognition was not MHC-restricted because of the highly repetitive sequence of the polypeptide core, which allows simultaneous recognition of many identical epitopes, and cross-linking and aggregation of TCR on mucin-specific T cells. Those studies were performed with limited numbers of tumor cells or allogeneic tumor cell lines. A renewable source of autologous cells presenting this Ag was necessary to further explore mucin-specific immunity. We report here successful establishment and functional analysis of mucin-specific CTL lines and clones derived from breast and pancreatic cancer patients, using either autologous or allogeneic mucin-transfected B cells as Ag. Our results demonstrate that transfection of autologous or allogeneic B cells with mucin confers upon them tumor Ag-presenting ability as well as susceptibility to lysis by mucin-specific CTL. Transfection of APC with this or any other human tumor Ag that may be molecularly defined in the future provides a unique and powerful tool with which to examine the ability of a tumor-associated Ag to stimulate T cell responses.
BIOGRAPHIES

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Scotland. He is currently researching the effects of the ionosphere on WAAS use in Canadian airspace. Richard Langley is a professor in the Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering at UNB, where he has been teaching and conducting research since 1981. He has a B.Sc. in applied physics from the University of Waterloo and a Ph.D. in experimental space science from York University, Toronto. Prof. Langley has been active in the development of GPS error models since the early 1980s and is a contributing editor and columnist for GPS World magazine. Mitigation of ionospheric effects in and near the auroral zone is a challenge facing GPS users and service providers in the Canadian north, not the least of which are
HOW BREASTFEEDING WORKS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Once you understand the physiology of milk production (lactation) and breast feeding it is very easy to work out how to help mothers prevent or overcome any problems they might have. Everyone knows that the hormonal changes of pregnancy and childbirth prepare and trigger the breasts to produce milk, but did you know that a woman can induce a milk supply even if she hasn't breast fed for many months or even years? Indeed, even a woman who has never been pregnant can stimulate her breasts to produce milk, though not enough to breast feed a baby fully. Pregnancy hormones set the stage for breast feeding by causing proliferation of the milk glands and ducts in the breasts. Each milk gland is surrounded by a fine network of blood vessels and it is through this blood supply that the hormones reach the milk‐producing cells. Blood also provides the materials from which milk is actually made by the cells. Prolactin is the main milk‐producing hormone and appears from the eighth week of pregnancy onwards, reaching its peak with the birth of the baby. It is prevented from producing milk in any volume during pregnancy by the high levels of oestrogen made by the placenta. After the baby is born and with the loss of the placenta, the oestrogen ‘brakes’ are removed and prolactin starts milk production in earnest. This usually occurs between the second and fourth days. The milk can come in earlier in women feeding their babies frequently and in those having their second or subsequent babies. The more stimulation of the breasts, the more milk is produced, probably by a simple nervous reflex pathway to and from the pituitary gland in the brain, which makes the hormones prolactin and oxytocin, responsible for milk production and letting down the milk, respectively.
Weight distribution on electric locomotives as affected by motor suspension and draw-bar pull

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In a locomotive propelled by electric motors the motor action produces a set of stresses acting between the truck-frame, motor supports, and driving-wheels. The horizontal effort at the rail-head resulting from these stresses acts against the resisting forces of the locomotive, the principal items of which may be considered as: a. The rolling friction of the wheels on the track, acting at the rail-head. b. The resistance to acceleration due to inertia of the locomotive, and the resistance due to grades, acting at the center of gravity of the locomotive. c. The air resistance, acting at the exposed surface particularly at the head end. d. The resistance of the trailing load, acting at the draw-bar. The effect of the forces here discussed including the internal or driving forces acting between truck, motor, and wheels, and the external or resisting forces, produces a shifting or redistribution of the weight on the various wheels. In the following paper the attempt has been made to investigate the amount of this redistribution. The discussion is limited particularly to locomotives drawing trailing loads, since this redistribution of weight is particularly effective in the case of a locomotive exerting a horizontal effort at approximately the slipping point of the driving-wheels. Some of the general limitations and considerations applying to this particular case must be clearly defined.
Assesment of soil fertility status of vegetable super zone, Kaski

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Soil is the living and breathing skin of the planet earth. Essentially, all life depends upon soil and there can be no life without soil and no soil without life. Nepal has predominantly been an agricultural country and 66% of the total population are dependent on agriculture and allied activities for their livelihood. In order to remain food secured and for enhancing production and productivity of food and vegetable crops, the Government of Nepal has created Blocks, Zone and Super zone for particular crop depending on the suitability of the crop according to agro ecological zones. This research aims to assess and prepare soil nutrient map of Vegetable super zone, Kaski in Nepal. The specific objectives of the research were to assess soil texture, pH and organic matter status and simultaneously prepare soil fertility map of the vegetable super zone. A total of 202 soil samples were collected and nutrients were analysed using standard procedure in the soil laboratory. Composite soil samples were collected from 6 to 10 different spots of the area at 0-20 cm depth by using soil auger. The GPS location of each soil sampling point was noted. The soil sampling point of each zone was determined by studying various aspects (area, slope, colour, texture, etc.) of the study area. Based on the nutrient status, nutrient maps were prepared and presented. Soil fertility maps were prepared by observing the critical nutrients required for the specific crops and by giving those nutrients certain ranking based on the nutrients role for the crop. Results revealed that soil of Pokhara Lekhnath Mahanagarpalika was mostly found to be neutral in reaction (mean pH 6.68), low to high organic matter and total nitrogen, very low to very high available phosphorus and potassium. Boron content of the soil ranged from 0.2 to 7.66 ppm ranging from low to high. Majority of the soils of study area is silty loam. There are also sandy loam and loam types of soil in the area. Based on the soil analysis report, it could be concluded that the soils of Pokhara Lekhnath Mahanagarpalika is fair enough for cultivating vegetable crops at the moment but may have severe problem of Phosphorus, Boron and potassium nutrients in the some soil of the area. Soil fertility maps were prepared by setting criteria based on nutrient status that were tested in the laboratory and on the basis of nutrients that are critical for each crops of the super zones. Vegetable super zone soil was found having high fertility status (68%).