jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hope and the future

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Far from being solely an academic enterprise, the practice of theology can pique the interest of anyone who wonders about the meaning of life. Inviting readers on a journey of 'faith seeking understanding', this introduction to Christian theology - its basic concepts, confessional content, and history - emphasizes the relevance of the key convictions of Christian faith to the challenges of today's world. In the first part, this book introduces the project of Christian theology and sketches the critical context that confronts Christian thought and practice today. In a second part, it offers a survey of the key doctrinal themes of Christian theology - including revelation, the triune God, and the world as creation - identifying their biblical basis and the highlights of their historical development before giving a systematic evaluation of each theme. The third part provides an overview of Christian theology from the early church to the present.
Reconfigurable antenna designs using micro-pneumatic control of dielectric slugs

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The designs of a single-fed circularly-polarized (CP) microstrip antenna with switchable polarization and a tunable dielectric resonator antenna (DRA), using metal-plated dielectric slugs, are described. The scheme of micro-pneumatic control of solid slugs presents an alternative to the existing methods in realizing reconfigurable antennas. The radiation polarization of the CP antenna and the resonant frequency of the DRA are determined by the position of the slugs inside the substrate. Both antennas have been simulated and the results demonstrate the viability of this new antenna reconfiguration method.
The Effects of Subanesthetic Concentrations of Sevoflurane and Nitrous Oxide, Alone and in Combination, on Analgesia, Mood, and Psychomotor Performance in Healthy Volunteers

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

We studied the effects of subanesthetic concentrations of sevoflurane and nitrous oxide, alone and in combination, on analgesia, mood, and psychomotor performance in human volunteers.We hypothesized that nitrous oxide and sevoflurane would produce both opposing and potentiating effects within the same study. Over the course of three sessions, 20 subjects inhaled 0%, 0.2%, or 0.4% end-tidal sevoflurane for a 68-min period that was divided into four 17-min blocks. During either the second or fourth block, 30% end-tidal nitrous oxide was added to the concentration of sevoflurane being inhaled. Pain response, psychomotor performance, and mood were evaluated during the second and fourth blocks. Pain ratings were higher when sevoflurane and nitrous oxide were administered together than when nitrous oxide was administered alone, which indicates that sevoflurane attenuated the analgesic effects of nitrous oxide. Sevoflurane increased self-reported ratings of sleepiness, and the addition of nitrous oxide decreased these ratings. Nitrous oxide potentiated psychomotor impairment that was induced by sevoflurane. The combination of sevoflurane and nitrous oxide produced both opposing and potentiating effects within the same study. The results suggest that nitrous oxide and sevoflurane may act through different neurochemical mechanisms on some end points, such as analgesia and sleepiness. Implications: Healthy volunteers inhaled subanesthetic concentrations of sevoflurane and nitrous oxide. Sevoflurane made nitrous oxide less effective as an analgesic, and nitrous oxide made sevoflurane less effective as a sedative. The two drugs may work at cross purposes on different end points of anesthesia. (Anesth Analg 1999;88:1149-54)
Counter-based broadcasting: Modeling and performance analysis in CSMA-based wireless networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Counter-based broadcasting improves the performance of flooding by preventing the network from being swamped by a large number of rebroadcast messages. In such approach, the rebroadcast decision is made based on counting duplicated packets in order to restrict the number of extra retransmissions. In this article, using a rigorous theoretic analysis, an upper bound on the performance of counter-based broadcasting for saturated networks is derived. Our model assumes a CSMA-based static multi-hop ad-hoc network. The derived analytical model can be used to predict the behavior of counter-based broadcasting schemes. It especially provides the required insight on the impact of different network parameters on the overall system performance. Simulation results are also provided to validate the proposed models and demonstrate the tightness of the achieved upper bound.
Silicon-Based Integrated Comb Filter and Demultiplexer for Simultaneous WDM Signal Processing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We design and fabricate a silicon-based integrated comb filter and arrayed waveguide grating (AWG), which can perform the multichannel filtering and wavelength demultiplexing in the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system. The comb filter with specific free spectra range performs the simultaneous filtering, and the AWG achieves the wavelength demultiplexing function. With the proposed device, parallel multichannel signal processing can be achieved based on the linear passive filtering. Furthermore, assisting by a nonlinear device, some nonlinear signal processing functions can also be achieved. For demonstration, the format conversions for WDM return-to-zero (RZ) to nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ), the demodulation for the differential phase-shift keying signals, as well as the NRZ-to-RZ conversions assisting by a semiconductor optical amplifier are experimentally demonstrated successfully. The experimental results show the good performances and the practicability for the proposed device.
Superconducting heavy-ion linac at Stony Brook

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The world's first university-based superconducting heavy-ion linac was dedicated in April at the Stony Brook campus of the State University of New York. By adding a ten-meter-long superconducting booster to Stony Brook's fifteen-year-old tandem Van de Graaff accelerator at a cost of $4.6 million, the Stony Brook group has produced a 20-megavolt linear accelerator capable of accelerating ions with mass numbers from 16 to about 100. The maximum energy per nucleon, 8.3 MeV, is attained for nickel, in the middle of this mass range. The only other comparable superconducting linac currently in operation is at Argonne National Laboratory.
Research Progress of the Elimination of Mycotoxins by Adsorption

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Mycotoxins are one of the common contaminants found in grain,feed,and food,which seriously threaten human health. At the same time,mycotoxins restrict the development of the feed industry,aquaculture industry and food industry,causing huge losses to the agricultural economy. At present,the research hotspot is the removal of mycotoxins from grain and its deep-processed products by adsorption method. In this article,the types,harmfulness and elimination methods of common mycotoxins are briefly summarized. In this paper,the activated carbon and aluminosilicate adsorbents,which have been studied in the world in recent years,are reviewed. The aim of this research is to provide reference for the adsorption reduction of mycotoxins and the detoxification of grain and its products.
Global Asias: Method, Architecture, Praxis

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay draws on the philosophy, principles, and practices animating Global Asias scholarship to consider how this conceptual rubric shifts the ways in which we approach the subjects, objects, methods, and praxes of the academic study of Asia. Structurally dissonant as an epistemological project, Global Asias encourages scholars to acknowledge the institutional designs and disciplinary practices that currently organize and make legible work on Asia and its diasporas while simultaneously highlighting the limits of, and points of noncontact between, the broader infrastructures (including area studies, ethnic studies, diaspora studies, and the disciplines and interdisciplines) under which such work has traditionally been organized. In addition to offering a conceptual topography of Global Asias, this essay proposes three praxis-oriented concepts—relational nonalignment, structural dissonance, and imaginable ageography—that enable Global Asias as a tactical and evolving approach to the study of Asia and its multiple diasporas, one which actively resists the drive toward “critical consolidation” that often results from academic paradigm work.
A multicenter, randomized trial of long-acting octreotide (LAR) in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced diarrhea (CTID)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

8109 Background: Diarrhea is a common side effect of chemotherapy and can be dose-limiting in some patients (pts). Severe diarrhea often results in chemotherapy delay and/or dose-reduction, potentially reducing the overall therapeutic benefit of treatment. Octreotide, a synthetic octapeptide analogue of somatostatin, has been shown to be effective in controlling CTID in previous studies and has been recommended in guidelines for the treatment of CTID (Wadler et al, JCO 16:1998). The long-acting formulation of octreotide (Sandostatin LAR® Depot) is administered by monthly injection. This trial was designed to study the effects of two dosages of LAR, 30mg and 40mg, in pts with a history of CTID. Methods: 150 pts were planned to be enrolled. Pts with active or recent CTID and scheduled for chemotherapy were randomly assigned to receive up to 6 doses of either 30mg or 40mg of LAR via IM injection. The first 2 doses were given 7–14 days apart with subsequent treatment delivered q 28d. AEs, QOL, and pt diaries were collected. Results: An interim analysis was performed after 118 pts were enrolled and 81 pts had received at least 2 doses of LAR. There were no statistically significant differences between the two dose-groups in age, sex, race, weight, primary tumor type or chemotherapy regimens. 80.5% were being treated for colorectal carcinoma with 50% receiving 5-FU/LV +/- CPT-11. 49% of the pts entered the study with their most recent episode of diarrhea being grade III/IV by NCI-CTC. At the interim analysis the overall incidence of grade III/IV diarrhea while on study treatment was 38% (n=39) and 33% (n=42) for pts on 30 mg and 40 mg LAR respectively at Dose 2, and was 36% (n=28) and 43% (n=28) for pts on 30 mg and 40 mg LAR respectively at Dose 3. Conclusions: Accrual of the scheduled 151 pts has been completed at 43 US sites. Assessment of LAR 30 mg and LAR 40 mg in the management of recurrent CTID awaits further follow-up. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp. Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp. Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp. Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp. Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation
Novel APOE Mutation in a Moroccan Subject Suffering from Alzheimer Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a major public health concern worldwide. It is a severe neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects the elderly and causes significant brain cell death. According to the most complete scientific research, the APOE gene, which encodes the APOE protein, maybe the key to identifying the likely cause of delayed AD. The development of plaques and tangles, as well as increased amyloid (amyloid-β) levels and deposition, have been linked to APOE4 . Pathogenic mutations in this gene can impact how beta-amyloid deposits and how they are cleared from the body. In this study, we report a novel pathogenic mutation, Arg160Leu, in APOE that was identified in a Moroccan patient. The magnetic resonance imaging of this 67-year-old woman revealed hippocampal shrinkage, and the results of her cognition testing revealed that she is suffering from severe AD. The current study may increase awareness of the genetic risk factors for AD caused by APOE4 mutations.
LHD ICHVOLT #17508.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) heating system to launch fast waves (Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) waves) to heat plasma particles by wave-particle interaction. Raw data are forward and reflected power and voltage of transmission lines, 3.5 U/L and 4.5 U/L.
Site‐saturation Mutagenesis: A Powerful Tool for Structure‐Based Design of Combinatorial Mutation Libraries

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract This unit describes a method for site‐saturation mutagenesis (SSM) using PCR amplification with degenerate synthetic oligonucleotides as primers. SSM allows the substitution of predetermined protein sites against all twenty possible amino acids at once. Therefore, SSM is a powerful approach in protein engineering to characterize structure‐function relationships, as well as to create improved protein variants. The procedure accepts double‐stranded plasmid isolated from the dam + E. coli strain. The procedure is simple, fast, efficient, and eliminates time‐consuming subcloning and ligation steps. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci . 63:26.6.1‐26.6.10. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Generalized polynomial chaos and random oscillators

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We present a new approach to obtain solutions for general random oscillators using a broad class of polynomial chaos expansions, which are more efficient than the classical Wiener–Hermite expansions. The approach is general but here we present results for linear oscillators only with random forcing or random coefficients. In this context, we are able to obtain relatively sharp error estimates in the representation of the stochastic input as well as the solution. We have also performed computational comparisons with Monte Carlo simulations which show that the new approach can be orders of magnitude faster, especially for compact distributions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phonological Assimilation in Urban Jordanian Arabic

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study reports patterns of phonological assimilation in consonant clusters in Urban Jordanian Arabic (UJA).We examine all possible C 1 C 2 combinations across a word boundary as well as the concatenations of consonant-final prefixes //in/ and //il/ and consonant-initial stems.The data show that place assimilation in UJA is regressive, and it can occur both across major articulators and within the same articulator (for coronals).UJA also exhibits voicing assimilation and emphasis assimilation.The main theoretical interest of the work lies in the observation that phonological assimilation in UJA is sometimes conditioned by the similarity between the two adjacent consonants.This is reflected in three patterns of assimilation.First, coronal consonants with a minor place difference (e.g., alveolar vs. palatoalveolar) may assimilate to each other only if the sonorancy of the consonants already matches.Second, coronal obstruents may undergo place assimilation when followed by a coronal obstruent, but not a velar obstruent.Third, voicing and emphasis assimilations occur only if the places of the adjacent consonants are identical underlyingly or as a result of place assimilation.These results are discussed briefly in the light of recent works by MacEachern (1999), Hansson (2001), Zuraw (2002), Rose and Walker (2004), and Steriade (to appear).The UJA place assimilation patterns are also compared to the implicational hierarchies established by Mohanan (1993)'s and Jun (1995)'s crosslinguistic typologies. Introduction Place assimilation and the phonetics-phonology relationMany phonological processes can be seen as the result of compromise between articulatory and perceptual demands in speech.Place assimilation, for instance, has been considered as not only an articulatorily motivated process, but also an adaptation to the listener's needs (
The stereospecific interaction sites and target specificity of cGMP analogs in mouse cortex

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract cGMP interactors play a role in several pathologies and may be targets for cGMP analog‐based drugs, but the success of targeting depends on the biochemical stereospecificity between the cGMP‐analog and the interactor. The stereospecificity between general cGMP analogs—or such that are selectivity‐modified to obtain, for example, inhibitory actions on a specific target, like the cGMP‐dependent protein kinase—have previously been investigated. However, the importance of stereospecificity for cGMP‐analog binding to interactors is not known. We, therefore, applied affinity chromatography on mouse cortex proteins utilizing analogs with cyclic phosphate (8‐AET‐cGMP, 2‐AH‐cGMP, 2′‐AHC‐cGMP) and selectivity‐modified analogs with sulfur‐containing cyclic phosphorothioates (Rp/Sp‐8‐AET‐cGMPS, Rp/Sp‐2′‐AHC‐cGMPS) immobilized to agaroses. The results illustrate the cGMP analogs' stereospecific binding for PKG, PKA regulatory subunits and PKA catalytic subunits, PDEs, and EPAC2 and the involvement of these in various KEGG pathways. For the seven agaroses, PKG, PKA regulatory subunits, and PKA catalytic subunits were more prone to be enriched by 2‐AH‐, 8‐AET‐, Rp‐8‐AET‐, and Sp‐8‐AET‐cGMP, whereas PDEs and EPAC2 were more likely to be enriched by 2‐AH‐, Rp‐2′‐AHC‐, and Rp‐8‐AET‐cGMP. Our findings help elucidate the stereospecific‐binding sites essential for the interaction between individual cGMP analogs and cGMP‐binding proteins, as well as the cGMP analogs’ target specificity, which are two crucial parameters in drug design.
A Two-Stage Improved Droop Control Method for Economic Operation of Islanded DC Microgrids

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The traditional droop control method applied to DC microgrids causes undesirable steady voltage deviations and it does not consider the economic operation. To overcome these drawbacks, this paper proposes a two-stage improved droop control method for the economic operation of islanded DC microgrids in the light of equal incremental cost principle. A time-delay feedforward path of cost incremental value is deployed in the droop control strategy, which can eliminate the steady voltage deviation while ensuring efficient power sharing. In addition, a plug-and-play strategy based on the proposed control is presented to enhance the system reliability. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Metabolic Flux Control at the Pyruvate Node in an AnaerobicEscherichia coliStrain with an Active Pyruvate Dehydrogenase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT During anaerobic growth of Escherichia coli , pyruvate formate-lyase (PFL) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) channel pyruvate toward a mixture of fermentation products. We have introduced a third branch at the pyruvate node in a mutant of E. coli with a mutation in pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH*) that renders the enzyme less sensitive to inhibition by NADH. The key starting enzymes of the three branches at the pyruvate node in such a mutant, PDH*, PFL, and LDH, have different metabolic potentials and kinetic properties. In such a mutant (strain QZ2), pyruvate flux through LDH was about 30%, with the remainder of the flux occurring through PFL, indicating that LDH is a preferred route of pyruvate conversion over PDH*. In a pfl mutant (strain YK167) with both PDH* and LDH activities, flux through PDH* was about 33% of the total, confirming the ability of LDH to outcompete the PDH pathway for pyruvate in vivo . Only in the absence of LDH (strain QZ3) was pyruvate carbon equally distributed between the PDH* and PFL pathways. A pfl mutant with LDH and PDH* activities, as well as a pfl ldh double mutant with PDH* activity, had a surprisingly low cell yield per mole of ATP ( Y ATP ) (about 7.0 g of cells per mol of ATP) compared to 10.9 g of cells per mol of ATP for the wild type. The lower Y ATP suggests the operation of a futile energy cycle in the absence of PFL in this strain. An understanding of the controls at the pyruvate node during anaerobic growth is expected to provide unique insights into rational metabolic engineering of E. coli and related bacteria for the production of various biobased products at high rates and yields.
Effect of Waters Enriched in O2 by Injection or Electrolysis on Performance and the Cardiopulmonary and Acid–Base Response to High Intensity Exercise

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Several brands of water enriched with O2 (O2-waters) are commercially available and are advertised as wellness and fitness waters with claims of physiological and psychological benefits, including improvement in exercise performance. However, these claims are based, at best, on anecdotal evidence or on a limited number of unreliable studies. The purpose of this double-blind randomized study was to compare the effect of two O2-waters (~110 mg O2·L−1) and a placebo (10 mg O2·L−1, i.e., close to the value at sea level, 9–12 mg O2·L−1) on the cardiopulmonary responses and on performance during high-intensity exercise. One of the two O2-waters and the placebo were prepared by injection of O2. The other O2-water was enriched by an electrolytic process. Twenty male subjects were randomly allocated to drink one of the three waters in a crossover study (2 L·day−1 × 2 days and 15 mL·kg−1 90 min before exercise). During each exercise trial, the subjects exercised at 95.9 ± 4.7% of maximal workload to volitional fatigue. Exercise time to exhaustion and the cardiopulmonary responses, arterial lactate concentration and pH were measured. Oxidative damage to proteins, lipids and DNA in blood was assessed at rest before exercise. Time to exhaustion (one-way ANOVA) and the responses to exercise (two-way ANOVA [Time; Waters] with repeated measurements) were not significantly different among the three waters. There was only a trend (p = 0.060) for a reduction in the time constant of the rapid component of VO2 kinetics with the water enriched in O2 by electrolysis. No difference in oxidative damage in blood was observed between the three waters. These results suggest that O2-water does not speed up cardiopulmonary response to exercise, does not increase performance and does not trigger oxidative stress measured at rest.
Natural Substances in the Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The research on the biological activity of natural products and biomaterials is becoming year by year more competitive and complex, and involves experts in different research fields, including chemists, biochemists, molecular biologists, immunologists and bioinformatics. While unfractionated natural products exhibit “per se” biological properties relevant for alternative therapeutic treatments of human diseases, the identification of lead compounds within these products, the characterization of molecular targets and studies of structurally-related molecules are key processes to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease caused by mutations of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene. It is well established that three major fields of therapeutic intervention should be considered, targeting CFTR, bacterial infection and inflammation. In this review, we describe natural products reported to be very useful tools for correction of pathological conditions related to cystic fibrosis. The main topics are (a) CFTR potentiation and correction using natural products, (b) natural products as antibacterial agents and (c) natural products exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity. The recent issues of waste utilization and drug repurposing are also discussed in the context of the development of possible therapeutic approaches for cystic fibrosis.