jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Surrender to God: An Additional Coping Style?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In addition to the religious coping styles proposed by K. I. Pargament et al. (1988), a surrender style of coping is proposed. Surrender is not a passive waiting for God to take care of everything; rather, it entails an active choice to relinquish one's will to God's rule. Analysis of 30 surrender-associated coping items rated by 151 Christian undergraduates yielded a 12-item Surrender Scale with a reliability coefficient of .94. A factor analysis delineated Surrender as a separate factor from the other coping styles. Preliminary incremental validity was also established employing a hierarchical multiple regression analysis. After removing the effects of the other coping styles, the Surrender Scale correlated positively with religious importance, intrinsic religiousness, spiritual well-being, and locus of control in God. Moreover, the Surrender Scale correlated negatively with Extrinsic-Personal religiousness and locus of control in luck. As hypothesized, surrender, as a coping strategy, was significantly related with the other coping styles, yet it evidenced sufficient incremental validity for its consideration as a distinct coping style.
Optimizing Land Use, Yield and Profitability Through Early Summer Intercropping in Sugarcane in Northern Telangana, India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To increase the area, production and productivity of sugarcane and intercrops and for doubling the farmers income a field experiment was conducted at Regional Sugarcane and Rice Research Station, Rudrur, during 2020-2022 to study the land utilization efficiency, productivity and profitability of early summer intercrops in Sugarcane. Six crops viz., greengram, blackgram, sesame, clusterbean, tomato and coriander were grown as intercrops. Among these, sugarcane intercropped with greengram (1:3) recorded 165.3 t/ha cane equivalent yield which was 13.5 % more over sole sugarcane crop yield (142.9 t/ha). These intercropping systems recorded net returns of Rs. 2,60,964/- which was Rs. 58768/- more over sole sugarcane crop net returns (Rs. 2,02,208/-). The Sugarcane + greengram (1:3) intercropping system recorded highest BC ratio of 2.28 as compared to sole sugarcane crop BC ratio (2.11).
Thrombophlebitis Migrans and Carcinoma of Body and Tail of Pancreas

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OXYGEN SATURATION OF BLOODEDICNALJ 907is simple and easily available.Two observers using the method can make duplicate estimations of the percentage oxygen saturation on 15 specimens of blood in one hour.A comparison between results obtained by spectro- photometric analysis and by standard manometric blood-gas analysis is reported in detail.We have much pleasure in making grateful acknowledgment to Dr. M. W. A. Gatman, of the Department of Medicine, the
Tim-3 Regulation of T Cell Effector Function (90.13)

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Tim-3 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein first identified through a screen for TH1-specific cell surface markers. Since then, it has been detected on a wide variety of cell types. Galectin-9, a β-galactoside binding lectin is the only known ligand of Tim-3 and has been used to study the function of Tim-3 due to the lack of agonistic Tim-3 antibodies. Galectin-9 induces apoptosis and calcium flux in TH1 cells but promotes the maturation of immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells and induces IgE-sensitized mast cells to secrete higher levels of TH2 cytokines. To better understand the regulation of T cell effector function by Tim-3, we treated TH1 cells with varying doses of galectin-9 and found that at an optimal concentration, galectin-9 has the ability to enhance IFN-γ production by TH1 cells without affecting their viability. Then, using luciferase reporter assays, we found that overexpression of Tim-3 in Jurkat T cells can enhance NF-κB and NFAT/AP-1 activity downstream of the T-cell receptor and CD28. Therefore, these findings indicate that Tim-3 can positively affect T cell effector function.
What does it mean to create sustainable science curriculum innovations? A commentary

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Two key issues for research on the creation of sustainable science curricula are the following: (1) How do we create curriculum innovations that will be used in classrooms after the developers or researchers depart; and (2) How do we create curriculum innovations that are scalable, such that teachers who never have direct contact with the developers may successfully enact them? We introduce the idea of usability as a guiding principle for the successful design of sustainable and scalable curricula, present a framework for examining usability in school contexts, and critique the ideas presented in this issue of Science Education using this framework. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 87: 564–573, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/sce.10088
Prognostic value of the co-expression of carbonic anhydrase IX and vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study aimed to investigate whether the expression of carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is associated with the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and whether the co-expression of the two correlates with survival outcome in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The expression of CAIX and VEGF was evaluated immunohistochemically in 122 paraffin-embedded ccRCC specimens. The clinical significance of these markers in relation to disease-specific survival (DSS) was analyzed. Patients with a low expression of CAIX had a significantly worse prognoses than those with a high expression (p=0.0005). Inversely, patients with a high expression of VEGF had a significantly worse prognoses than the patients with a low expression (p=0.0030). Furthermore, CAIX expression significantly stratified the DSS of patients with high-stage (p=0.0001), high-grade (p=0.0392), low-grade (p=0.0273), metastasis (p=0.0034), no metastasis (p=0.0303) and ECOG-PS=0 (p=0.0003). VEGF expression significantly predicted the survival of patients with low-grade (p=0.0003), high-stage (p=0.0401) and ECOG-PS=0 (p=0.0063). A multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that tumor stage (p=0.0054), metastasis (p=0.0193), ECOG-PS (p=0.0065) and CAIX expression (p=0.0001) were independent prognostic factors of DSS. Since CAIX and VEGF expression correlated inversely (p=0.0032), the prognostic value of the co-expression of CAIX-VEGF was evaluated. Multivariate analysis revealed that the co-expression was an independent prognostic factor of DSS (p=0.0002). In addition, the co-expression was able to stratify DSS into three risk groups: high-risk, intermediate-risk and low-risk (p<0.0001). In patients with ccRCC, CAIX and VEGF expression correlated inversely. Independent expression of CAIX and a co-expression of CAIX-VEGF were found to be independent predictors of DSS. Furthermore, the co-expression data for CAIX-VEGF provide more accurate prognostic information than the individual data. This information may be useful for survival prediction and risk stratification of patients with ccRCC.
Diversity of Wild Yeasts During Spontaneous Fermentation of Wines from Local Grape Varieties in Turkey

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was conducted to investigate the wild yeast diversity in traditional wine from Turkish grape varieties. Isolated and identified yeast species in wines of grapes from Turkey were compared with those from other countries. The wild yeasts from five different grape varieties were detected by real-time PCR and isolated and/or identified by DNA sequencing techniques. In total, 469 yeast colonies were isolated from selective media at different times from musts and wine samples: 104 from 204 non-Saccharomyces and 47 from 265 Saccharomyces yeast isolates selected based on colony morphology and physiological characteristics were identified using DNA sequencing by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1-5.8S rRNA- ITS2). Nine non-Saccharomyces yeast species belonging to seven genera were identified according to sequencing results: Starmerella bacillaris (syn., Candida spp., and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Results were concordant with the results of the real-time PCR, however, several species were only detected by real-time PCR. Further analysis on strains of non-Saccharomyces species was carried out to construct the phylogenetic tree.
An extended stochastic pseudo‐spectral Galerkin finite element method (XS‐PS‐GFEM) for elliptic equations with hybrid uncertainties

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Summary Nouy and Clement introduced the stochastic extended finite element method to solve linear elasticity problem defined on random domain. The material properties and boundary conditions were assumed to be deterministic. In this work, we extend this framework to account for multiple independent input uncertainties, namely, material, geometry, and external force uncertainties. The stochastic field is represented using the polynomial chaos expansion. The challenge in numerical integration over multidimensional probabilistic space is addressed using the pseudo‐spectral Galerkin method. Thereafter, a sensitivity analysis based on Sobol indices using the derived stochastic extended Finite Element Method solution is presented. The efficiency and accuracy of the proposed novel framework against conventional Monte Carlo methods is elucidated in detail for a few one and two dimensional problems.
The Effects of the Development of Teachers Training Programs

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to explore the alternative ways of performing teachers training programs from the perspectives of students, teachers, and schools to propose the methods of reformation of defense education courses in Taiwan. The research results show that the effects of national defense education are uncertain for three reasons. First, the correspondences of high schools with "core subjects of national defense education for general high schools" released by the Ministry of Education in 2008 is questionable. Second, the course time of national defense education in high schools has been changed to one hour per week, which is relatively short course time. Third, the outcome of the policy of elective courses of general education and the development of teachers training program for defense education is under observation.
The spring migration of shorebirds at Willapa Bay, Washington, USA, in 1983

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study documents the distribution and abundance of shorebirds at Willapa Bay, Washington, a major estuary on the Pacific Coast of the United States, during spring (northbound) migration in 1983. We also noted general patterns of habitat use and movements by shorebirds. Our primary focus was on the northern and eastern portions of the bay, with less frequent counts in the southern and western portions. Counts were carried out on 33 days on a variable set of up to 16 survey sites for a total of 202 count days. We documented 24 species, with the most abundant being Western Sandpiper Calidris mauri, Dunlin C. alpina, Short-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus griseus, Red Knot C. canutus, Black-bellied Plover Pluvialis squatarola, and Semipalmated Plover Charadrius semipalmatus. Total numbers peaked on 23–24 April, coincident with the peak counts of Western Sandpipers and Short-billed Dowitchers. Each species displayed a unique phenological pattern of abundance that we compared to other local studies. In terms of relative abundance at our 16 survey sites, the mouth of the Willapa River (two nearby sites on the north and south sides) and Porter Point (near the mouth of the Bear River) had the highest overall numbers (30% and 17% of the total counted at the peak, respectively). Leadbetter Point and Tokeland had the highest species richness, both overall (16–17 species) and on a daily basis (daily mean = 11–12 species). On 23 April, we estimated a total of over 125,000 shorebirds at 11 sites, and over 114,000 at a slightly different set of 12 sites on 24 April. We know that these counts did not account for all birds in the estuary because we did not count at all sites on any one day and we were unable to access some sites. The numbers of Red Knots, a species of conservation concern, exceeded previous and more recent counts for the species at Willapa Bay. Our data confirm the continental significance of Willapa Bay for migrant shorebirds and its status as a site in the Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network, as well as offering a historical indication of shorebird abundance in the early 1980’s.
On the Alkaloidal Content of <i>Atropa Belladonna</i> L. Cultivated at Kasukabe

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

1) As a trial cultivation of Atropa Belladonna L. in Japan, five strains of foreign origin were cultivated at Kasukabe Experiment Station of Medicinal Plants, and yield of leaves and roots, and content of total alkaloid were examined with the secondyear growth, comparing these values among the five strains.2) Yield of air-dried leaves per plant was 31.94-64.22g., an average of 53.176g., which was better than that in the original habitat (cf. Table I). There was no significant difference among the strains (cf. Table I).3) Yield of air-dried roots per plant was 13.2-81.6g., an average of 37.12g., which was comparable to that in the original habitat (cf. Table II). There was a very highly significant difference among the strains (Table III) but no significant effect was found in harvesting of leaves on the yield of roots (Table III).4) The content of total alkaloid (as hyoscyamine) in the root was 0.535-0.915%, an average of 0.704%, which was better than that in the original habitat (Table IV). There was a highly significant difference among the strains. It was stochastically proved that harvesting of leaves effected decrease of the content of total alkaloid in the root (Table V).
GPU Usage trends in Medical Image processing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Graphics processing units (GPUs), mainly named as general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPUs) became a widely used technology for many computer-aided procedures in different research or industry areas that require high algorithmic computation capabilities for parallel computing tasks. In the field of bioinformatics and especially in medical image processing, GPUs play an essential role to enable high performance and computation capabilities in order to facilitate the tasks related to image processing. This paper highlights the usage of the graphics processing units in medical image processing and three-dimensional medical image processing related applications (computer-aided image processing, volume rendering, and segmentation), such as image segmentation, noise reduction or denoising, and image registration. It gives a deep understanding of the influence of GPU cards on general purpose programming GPGPU in general and on medical image processing specifically. It presents a good starting point for further applications of GPU programming in the field of biomedical applications and mainly for medical image processing that requires high-performance capabilities for medical image treatment shortly after the medical imaging activity such as in the ICU or the emergency services.
To sell or store? Assessing smallholder farmers' willingness to pay for potato cold storage in Kenya

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract Storage of food commodities for some time after harvest can play an important role in alleviating the downside of price fluctuations in developing countries. While storage can offer smallholder farmers substantial inter‐temporal arbitrage opportunities, existing evidence shows that many farmers in developing countries store little of their harvest. Using a cross sectional survey of 502 households in Nyandarua and Bomet Counties of Kenya, this paper assessed smallholder farmers' willingness to pay (WTP) for cold storage and compares their WTP with the arbitrage opportunities. Our results reveal that the storage of potato was generally limited with only 26% storing in the season preceding the study. Using a hypothetical scenario with double‐bounded contingent valuation formats, our findings show that a considerable proportion of households (70.7%) were willing to rent cold storage facilities. The WTP for storing a 90 kg bag of Shangi, a common variety with a short shelf life (1 month) was Kenya shillings (KES) 104 (1.16/kg/month) compared KES 96.4 (1.07/kg/month) for the Unica variety (slightly longer shelf life). The probit model results show that gender (being female), and transaction costs associated with access to markets (e.g., geographical location and distance to the road) were positively associated with WTP. Furthermore, household endowment, reflected in household expenditure, income and level of potato commercialization had a positive influence on WTP to store. In addition, institutional characteristics of collective action, previous experience with storage and use of certified seed (often associated with extension) enhanced households WTP for potato storage. The results on potato prices over a 5‐year period (2014–2019) show that seasonal price gaps were higher than the estimated WTP, suggesting that potato storage could be economically viable. These findings have significant policy implications not only for commodities whose harvest is perishable and season bound (e.g., vegetables, fruits) where arbitrage may offer price stabilization.
G148(P) Defining the Burden of Paediatric Cardiac Disease in Malawi - the Experience from a Tertiary Referral Centre

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim

The literature relating to paediatric cardiac disease in sub-Saharan Africa is sparse and the spectrum of paediatric cardiac disease has not been described in Malawi. A paediatric cardiology clinic with trans-thoracic echocardiography has been established in a tertiary referral hospital in Malawi since 2008. The clinic has collected data about the paediatric cardiac pathologies seen in this part of Malawi in an effort to better understand and modify their contribution to childhood morbidity and mortality.

Methods

Between January 2009 and February 2011, the age and cardiac diagnosis of every child with an abnormal echocardiogram referred to the clinic was recorded in a database. The range of diagnoses is described.

Results

Of 250 children, 139 (55.6%) had congenital heart disease, and 111 (44.4%) acquired heart disease. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) (24%), Tetralogy of Fallot (10%) and patent ductus arteriousus (7.2%) were the commonest forms of congenital heart disease. Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) (22.4%) and dilated cardiomyopathy (13.6%) were the commonest acquired diseases. The mean age of presentation was 3 years 2 months for VSD and 11 years 6 months for RHD. For RHD, most present late and it is likely that untreated cardiac disease causes a large number of childhood deaths. The clinic provides secondary preventative treatment in the form of monthly benzathine penicillin injections. A total of 44 children have undergone cardiac surgery abroad in specialist centres in South Africa, India and Italy following referral from the clinic. Currently, surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus is offered by a specialist paediatric surgeon with 7 successful operations to date. Facilities and expertise do not allow for per-cutaneous catheterisation techniques or invasive cardiac surgery.

Conclusion

In addition to the morbidity and mortality associated with congenital heart disease, children in Malawi face an additional significant burden of acquired heart disease – in particular rheumatic heart disease. Secondary prevention is an important part of ongoing treatment. Adequate and accessible cardiothoracic surgical services should be established at a regional level to provide treatment for those amenable to surgery. Expanding charitable funding of surgery in specialist centres outside Malawi is an alternative in the meantime.
Reusing biofloc-culture water and microbubble aeration for culturing the white-leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study investigated the effects of reusing biofloc-culture water for culturing the white-leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Experiments were conducted for two continuous cycles without water exchange for 30 days during the nursery stage. The studies were performed with two different aeration systems, namely microbubbles (MB) and large air bubbles (LB). Water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, pH, salinity, alkalinity, total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite, nitrate, settleable solids (SS), and total suspended solids (TSS) were recorded throughout the culture days. Also, comparisons were performed on parameters of the shrimp growth, i.e., body weight and length, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and specific growth rates (SGR) for the 30-day culture for Cycles 1 and 2. Cycle 2 showed no deterioration in water quality and no significant difference in growth performance compared to Cycle 1 for either aeration method (MB and LB). However, when comparing between aeration methods, MB aeration significantly improved the DO of the water and accelerated the conversion of TAN to nitrate. Shrimps in the MB aeration system were significantly larger (by 39%) with a lower FCR value (reduced by 30%) than in the LB aeration system. Harmful bacteria from the Vibro group were detected. However, they occurred at a minimum level in both cycles and aeration types. Overall, the biofloc-culture water might be reused for the subsequent cycle, while the MB aeration might promote the growth of biofloc and L. vannamei.
Optimal Missing Value Estimation Algorithm for Groundwater Levels

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In this study an algorithm for missing data imputation is presented. The algorithm uses measurements from neighboring sensors to estimate the missing values. Data-driven approach is used and methodology chooses the optimal available combination of modeling algorithm and available measurements to produce an estimate from the model with lowest error. The methodology was tested on Ljubljana polje aquifer data and has produced close to perfect results.
Cicer arietinum L. ICC 18053

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Cicer arietinum L.
Common name(s): Chickpea
Other names: RPIP 12-113-00906, PI 360675, EC 544240, EC 544240, ICC 18053
Conserved by: International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), India
Local sample unique identifier: ICC 18053
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2004-10-01
Other identifiers: n/a,EC 544240, n/a,RPIP 12-113-00906, n/a,PI 360675
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
MLS status: Included