jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A procedure for surveillance data-driven risk assessment to inform Campylobacter risk-based control

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this study is presented a procedure for surveillance data-driven risk assessment, which can be used to inform inter-sectorial Campylobacter risk-based control, e.g.within National Action Plans and One Health (OH) systems.Campylobacter surveillance data (2019 to 2022) and a published quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) model were used, to show the procedure.Moreover, an interface tool was developed in Excel for showing descriptive statistics on measured apparent flock prevalence (AP) and concentrations (colony forming units per gram, cfu/g) on the meat, together with their related QMRA outputs.Currently (mid-2024), Danish fresh broiler meat is produced by four slaughterhouse companies (A, B, C and D), where approximately 30 % of the annually slaughtered broiler flocks are randomly culture tested, on one leg skin (LS) sample per flock sampled from chilled carcasses.Data variables were: date of sampling, farm-ID, within farm house-ID, flock-ID, slaughterhouse name, sample-ID, and Campylobacter concentrations.Flocks were classified as carcass positive with a concentration ≥ 10 cfu/g.The data was fed into the QMRA model to assess: a) the average risk of human campylobacteriosis per serving (during a month or year), and b) the monthly/annual risk of 2022 relative (RR) to the baseline (average) risk from the previous three years.The descriptive statistics and the risk assessment (RA) were carried out at national level and for each slaughterhouse.In 2022, the national RR was 1.03, implying that the average annual risk increased by approximately 3 % compared to the baseline.Nevertheless, for slaughterhouses A, B and D, the annual risk decreased by ≈ 22 %, 21 % and 43 %, respectively; whereas for slaughterhouse C it increased by 48 %.Monthly risk estimates showed seasonal variations, according to the visualized changes of AP and meat contaminations.The national monthly RR was >1 in July and from September to December.During those months: slaughterhouse C had always RR > 1, slaughterhouse A had a relative increase of risk in July, slaughterhouse B in July and November, and slaughterhouse D in October and December.The procedure and the tools used in this study, allow identifying the impact of seasonality and food-chain stages (i.e.slaughterhouses and their broilers sourcing farms) on the risk per serving, so that Campylobacter risk-based control could be implemented accordingly, from farm to fork, across consecutive surveillance periods.The same principles could be applied in other countries, food chains, and/or for other foodborne pathogens, when similar data and QMRA models are available.
Reading McHale reading Pynchon, or, Is Pynchon still a postmodernist?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Readings of Thomas Pynchon's novels are central to Brian McHale's theorization of the difference between modernist and postmodernist writing. McHale's argument that the difference resides in a shift from an 'epistemological dominant' to an 'ontological dominant' is, conversely, the foundation of his understanding of Pynchon. However, his reading of 'Against the Day', which suggests that the novel's use of multiple 'genre mirrors' aims to represent historical 'truth', sits uneasily within this literary-historical narrative. This essay argues that since for McHale postmodernism's ontological plurality ultimately refers back to discursive plurality, there is in fact no contradiction here. It further argues that Pynchon's project of pluralizing what McHale calls 'novelistic ontology' is no longer synonymous with 'de-conditioning' modernist readers: Pynchon's readers have either long since surrendered modernist modes of reading, or are postmodern natives who never practised them in the first place.
Uptake of orthophosphate by rabbit vagus nerve fibres.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

1. The uptake of orthophosphate and its incorporation into ATP, ADP, and creatine phosphate (CrP) were studied in desheathed rabbit vagus nerve. 2. Using −32P labelled orthophosphate, the total amount of labelled phosphate taken up by the preparation was continuously recorded in a perfusion apparatus. For measuring the incorporation into phosphorylated compounds, phosphate esters and inorganic phosphate were extracted, separated and their total amount and radioactivity determined. 3. The total uptake of phosphate was found to be a biexponential function of time. 4. The time constant of the first process was 10–20 min and independent of the extracellular phosphate concentration, the final amount labelled by this process was relatively small and proportional to external phosphate, increasing from 0.026 m‐mole/kg wet nerve at 0–04 mM phosphate to 1‐14 m‐mole/kg at 5nM. 5. The time constant of the second process depended on the extracellular phosphate concentration varying from 4624 min at 0–04 mM to 210 min at 5 mM. The final amount labelled by this process was 5‐6 m‐mole/kg wet wt. and independent of the extracellular phosphate. 6. The kinetics of the slow uptake were consistent with the presence of a saturable process and a non‐saturable one. 7. Extraction of ATP, ADP, and the sum of CrP and Pi, showed that the total amount of these compounds remained constant for 2 hr while their radioactivity increased slowly, approximately at the same rate as the slow fraction. 8. Increasing the external phosphate from 0–04 to 5 nM increased the amount of labelled ATP. 9. A comparison with the metabolic turnover of phosphate, estimated from the oxygen consumption, shows that uptake is much slower than metabolism, so that the slow appearance of labelled nucleotides is very probably due to a limitation of the influx. 10. From the experimental data the influx can then be calculated for various phosphate concentrations. It is close to that found in squid axons.
Anti-Müllerian hormone (ovarian reserve) in rheumatoid arthritis patients: correlation with disease activity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Rheumatoid arthritis is considered one of the most common chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases that lead to affection of several joints, as well as extra-articular organ involvement. Rheumatoid arthritis women tend to menopause somewhat earlier. This was attributed to primary ovarian insufficiency because of autoimmune disorders. Anti-Müllerian hormone is a marker used for evaluating preantral follicle reserve. It provides a very sensitive way to reflect the ovarian reserve and has become a crucial factor in determining it. The study aimed to show the influence of rheumatoid arthritis and its activity on ovarian reserve assessed using anti-Müllerian hormone serum levels. Results Our cross-sectional study involved 30 rheumatoid arthritis female patients with an age range between 25 and 35 years. The Disease Activity Score (DAS 28-ESR) was used to assess the degree of disease activity. Serum level of anti-Müllerian hormone was determined using quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the correlation with the disease activity as well as with the medications the patients were receiving was analyzed. A statistically significant relation was found amid the disease activity and the anti-Müllerian hormone level. Serum levels of anti-Müllerian hormone were found less in cases with high disease activity than in low to moderate cases. Different medications had no effect on anti-Müllerian hormone levels. Conclusions Rheumatoid arthritis high disease activity was linked to a diminished level of serum anti-Müllerian hormone.
Comparison of the Effects of Indobufen and Aspirin in Older Patients with Coronary Artery Disease After Coronary Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation: A Prospective Randomized Single-Center Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

After coronary drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation, dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT, usually aspirin in combination with a P2Y12 inhibitor) is necessary. However, older patients are prone to aspirin intolerance or resistance. Indobufen has been reported as an ideal alternative to aspirin. To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of indobufen-based DAPT in this population, a total of 251 older patients (aged ≥65 years) undergoing coronary DES implantation in a tertiary healthcare facility in Quzhou, China, were enrolled, of which 110 received indobufen-based DAPT and 141 received aspirin-based DAPT. Baseline data, adverse reactions, adverse events, angina attacks, and repeated revascularization during 1-year follow-up were collected. At 1-year follow-up, creatinine, and left ventricular ejection fraction levels in the indobufen group were higher than those in the aspirin group, whereas estimated glomerular filtration rate levels were lower than those in the aspirin group. No significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions or adverse events was found between the two groups. At 1-year follow-up, the incidence of angina in the indobufen group was significantly lower than that in the aspirin group, and the repeated revascularization rate was lower than that in the aspirin group. Indobufen-based DAPT was beneficial in avoiding repeated revascularizations (odds ratio 0.433, 95% CI 0.229-0.821, P = 0.010). These findings highlight that, for older patients who underwent coronary DES implantation, indobufen-based DAPT may be a better choice, which can effectively improve patients’ symptoms and prognosis. However, application to older patients with potential renal insufficiency requires caution.
Using an Expert System to Monitor an Automatic Stock Control System

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

AbstractAbstractThe theory of the control of stock is well understood, and a large number of firms use automatic stock control and ordering techniques as a major part of their inventory control systems. However, the effectiveness of such automatic stock control systems depends on the correct selection of system parameters for each item in the inventory and on the accurate reporting of information. It is not unusual for errors to be made in both the selection of parameters and the entry of data, and regular failures of either can cause severe problems in stock control. It is generally difficult for a human stock controller to discover errors quickly because of the large number of items that is usually found in a company inventory. This paper describes the use of an expert system to examine stock records and diagnose anomalies in the data provided or parameters applied to individual items in a stock control system. The expert system 'reasons' from symptoms such as reports from the forecasting system or high stock levels, to defects in the stock model used or data-collection processes, and from there to possible remedial action. Results are presented for runs of the expert system on a simulated stock control system.Keywords: Artificial IntelligenceExpert SystemsStock ControlSystem Monitoring
[Severe hypokalemia after holidays return].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 52-year old man is referred to our institution for hypertension (190/90 mmHg) and lower limb edema. An initial blood sample reveals severe hypokalemia (1.58 mEq/l) associated with metabolic alkalosis (pH: 7.63; total bicarbonates: 47.7 mEq/I), rhabdomyolysis (CPK: 1.776 UI/I) and ECG modifications. Primary aldosteronism is suspected and further diagnostic procedures are performed. A urine sample shows inappropriate potassium elimination associated with both low plasmatic renin and aldosterone levels, orienting the diagnosis toward a case of pseudohyperaldosteronism. A more detailed history reveals daily consumption of more than half a liter of licorice-based aperitif during the holiday period. This case illustrates the paramount importance of a detective-like questioning and reminds the physiopathologic role of glycyrrhetinic acid as a cause of hyperaldosteronism.
From gamer personality, via motivation, to game choice: Typifying gamers and games based on survey data

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Today’s economic success of video games is paralleled by a debate on presumed correlations of certain game play with problematic motivations and personalities, respectively. To shed light on a potential relation between personality, motivations and game choice we conducted an online survey ( n = 1612). It confirms the applicability of the five-factor OCEAN model of personality in a German-speaking gaming context. Here, Yee’s gamer motivation model as a longer-term psychological concept, contrasting rather short-term motives and incentives, is replicated. Motivations are derived from a principal component analysis of over 40 items and found to form clusters that correlate with specific personalities. Additionally, with ‘motivational footprints’ and related ‘gamer personalities’ certain games are favoured. The results suggest that games should be seen as identity management tools rather than means to assume alternative personas. Knowing the particularly enticing combinations of motivations met, may guide the development of future games for selected personalities.
Application of foaming capacity as response value in optimization of biosurfactant production

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Equipment for determination of surface tension (ST) which is the response value often used during biosurfactant optimization are not readily available in many laboratories. Foaming capacity (FC) was thus investigated as response value during biosurfactant optimization. Thirteen variations of glycerol-mineral salts medium were used to culture Pseudomonas sp. for biosurfactant production and optimization. Variations in the medium were based on pH, carbon-nitrogen (C-N) and carbon-phosphorus (C-P) ratio. Inoculated media were incubated at ambient temperature with orbital shaking at 150 rpm for four days. FC of the media were then determined and fitted using a polynomial model so as to obtain a prediction profile. The prediction profile was used to determine the combination of C-N ratio, C-P ratio, and pH that will lead to the highest FC. This combination was used in another experimental run for biosurfactant production, and at the end the culture was screened for biosurfactant activity. The results obtained showed that foaming was achieved in selected experimental runs, and the model for the prediction profile was worked out to be Y = -513.03 + 103.3804 X1 + 2.1211 X2 + 16.2848 X3 – 0.1108X1X2 – 0.3656 X1X3 – 0.0339X2X3 – 6.1730 X12 – 0.0099 X22 – 0.4432 X32. From the prediction profiles it was seen that the highest FC (32.04%) was achievable at combination of pH 7.0, C-N 40, and C-P 13. Biosurfactant activity of the culture with optimized combination showed that ST reduced from 56.43 to 35.28 mN.m-1. It is concluded that FC can be used in place of ST during biosurfactant optimization procedures.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Minat Berperilaku dalam Penggunaan Sistem Informasi Akuntansi pada Kinerja Karyawan

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Measuring the success of information systems can be done using the Delone & McLean information system success model, but to measure technology acceptance can be done using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that influence behavioral interest in the use of Accounting Information Systems on employee performance. This research was conducted at BPR in Denpasar City, with the number of respondents 84 users of the Accounting Information System (AIS). Data collection using questionnaires and data analysis techniques used multiple linear regression with SmartPLS 3.0 tool. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use had a positive effect on behavioral interest in using AIS. Perceived usefulness and behavioral interest in using AIS have a positive effect on the performance of BPR employees in Denpasar City. Keywords: Behavioral Interests; Accounting Information System; Employee Performance; Perceived Usefulness; Perceived Ease of Use.
Jung, Winnicott and the divided psyche

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract In his review of Memories Dreams Reflections , Winnicott diagnosed Jung as suffering from a psychic split, and characterized the content and the structure of analytical psychology as primarily moulded and conditioned by Jung's own defensive quest for a ‘self that he could call his own’. This pathologizing analysis continues to be endorsed by contemporary Jungian writers. In this paper I attempt to show that Winnicott's critique is fundamentally misguided because it derives from a psychoanalytic model of the psyche, a model that regards all dissociation as necessarily pathological. I argue that Jung's understanding of the psyche differs radically from this model, and further, that it conforms by and large to the kind of dissociative model that we find in the writings of Frederic Myers, William James and Theodor Flournoy. I conclude that a fruitful relationship between psychoanalysis and analytical psychology must depend upon an awareness of these important differences between the two psychic models.
Chemical composition distribution study in ethylene/1‐hexene copolymerization to produce LLDPE material using MgCl2‐TiCl4‐based Ziegler‐Natta catalysts

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The characteristic features of LLDPE polymerization with ZN catalyst are the time drift effect during polymerization and the bending effect when trying to decrease density of the copolymer by adding more comonomer to the polymerization. The time drift in LLDPE polymerization is revealed by a constant decrease of comonomer incorporation during polymerization time. The bending is revealed by difficulties in lowering the density of LLDPE material below the density of 920 kg/m 3 . With increasing comonomer content during polymerization, the density does not decrease, but the soluble fraction increases. To try to observe if these phenomena are connected, two types of catalysts, SiO 2 supported and precipitated MgCl 2 ZN catalysts, were studied. A short time (10 min) and an extended time (60 min) copolymerization test series where the polymerizations were performed in the presence of a gradually increasing comonomer amount. Both catalysts show a strong bending when density is presented as a function of 1‐hexene both in 10‐ and 60‐min polymerization, indicating no connection between time drift and bending. The density, melting point, and crystallinity results all indicate that both catalysts are making similar copolymer material with identical chemical composition distribution. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
LONG-TERM DRIVERS OF WHEAT AND MAIZE COMMODITIES PRICES

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In the last decades prices of agro-food commodities have a tendency of explosive growth. This increase quite usually is related with biofuels development. However, the prices of commodities are influenced by the set of different variables, i.e. supply and demand factors. In order to provide appropriate policy recommendations for agro-culture there is a need to evaluate the factors and their impact on agro-food commodities. This paper uses the multi regression model in order to analyze long-term drivers of annual world wheat and maize commodities prices. Analysis involves both demand (direct: biofuels production, commodities stock in the end of the period; indirect: the exchange rate, the interest rate, gross domestic product) and supply (price of crude oil) factors. The empirical results indicate that the main price drivers of wheat are crude oil prices, exchange rate and stock of wheat lagged one period. While the main maize price drivers are crude oil price and stock of maize lagged one period.
SH0976333.10FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Magnetic solid phase extraction combined with gas chromatography-flame photometric detection for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in juice samples

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A novel method for the determination of organophosphorous pesticides (OPPs) in fresh juice samples was developed. Fe3O4 @ P (St-co-MAA) magnetic microparticles were synthesized and modified with styrene (St) and methacrylic acid (MAA) by coating St and MAA on magnetic particles and characterized by a series of techniques. The results indicated that Fe3 O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been successfully modified with St and MAA. Based on the prepared FeO4 @ P (St-co-MAA) magnetic microparticles, a novel method of magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE)-gas chromatography (GC)-flame photometric detection (FPD) was developed for the determination of OPPs. The extraction/desorption conditions of MSPE were optimized, and the analytical performance was evaluated under the optimal conditions. The limits of detection (LODs, S/N = 3) for target OPPs were in the range of 0.013-0.305 μg/L with the RSDs (n = 7) ranging from 3.1% to 8.8%. The enrichment factors varied from 406 to 951. The linear ranges were over three orders of magnitudes (R2 > 0.99) and the reproducibilities were 7.4%-14.5% (n = 5). Finally, the proposed MSPE-GC-FPD method was successfully applied to the analysis of the five OPPs in fresh tomato and strawberry juice samples, with the recoveries of target OPPs in the range of 85.4%-118.9% for the spiked samples. The proposed MSPE-GC-FPD method is featured with low cost, fast separation and high enrichment factor.