jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Candidal Carriage Among Smokers and Non-Smokers

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Objectives: To determine the Candidal carriage among smokers and non-smokers and with different intra-oral sites including examination of various biotypes of Candida. Study design and setting: Cross-sectional based study conducted at Dr. Ishrat ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences and Dow International Dental College, Karachi, from May 2017 till April 2018. Methodology: Comprised 100 patients (50 smokers and 50 nonsmokers) between 20 and 60 years of age. The collection was performed through sterile cotton swab to evaluate oral Candidal carriage and the colonizing Candida species using Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and API20C AUX (BIOMERIEUX). Data was analyzed Spss version 20. Results: A total of 100 participants (50 smokers and 50 non-smokers) were evaluated for candidal carriage. The common age group was 20-30 years in both the groups, without significant difference (p-value 0.79). Frequency of candidal carriage was comparable among smokers 14 (28.0%) to non-smokers 10 (20.0%), with a statistically insignificant p-value 0.35. Based on various biotypes among smokers and non-smokers, Candida albicans was 9(18%) and 7(14%), Candida glabrata was 4(8%) and 2(4%); and Candida tropicallis was 1(2%) each for both smokers and non smokers. Dorsum of tongue harbored all prevalent biotypes i.e. Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis as statistically significant among smokers (p-value 0.04). Conclusion: Candidal carriage was comparable among smokers and non-smokers. Candida albicans and Candida glabrata were the common biotypes predominantly among smokers
Potential application of p–i–n semiconductor capacitor with non-linear voltage–charge characteristic for secondary battery

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We carried out the time-dependent drift–diffusion simulation to study a capacitor with semiconductor electrodes and its potential application for a battery-like operation. We employed the p–i–n and p–n structures with an insulator inserted in the middle of the devices. Both devices can store and retain the charge and voltage without any degradation, thanks to the insulator which inhibits carrier recombination. Additionally, they have a strong non-linear dependence between the stored charge and voltage, whereas a conventional capacitor shows linearity. The non-linearity is induced as follows. The junction capacitance dominates under smaller bias than the built-in potential. When the voltage exceeds the built-in, the capacitance associated with the insulator characterizes the charge–voltage relation. The intrinsic layer further enhances the non-linearity and keeps the output voltage high until the stored charge becomes significantly small due to its small capacitance. As a result, the p–i–n like structure with the insulator stores larger energy than that of the conventional capacitor and realizes the battery-like operation.
Research of Dedicated Ventilation System Based on the Heat Recover Technology for Cinema

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With regard to reducing the pre-cool and re-heat energy, research results have identified that heat pipe heat exchanger for heat recover. And this paper suggests decoupling dehumidification from cooling to reduce energy consumption. The feasible use and the energy saving potential of heat pipe heat exchanger at the air handler dedicated for cinema in accomplishing this objective is investigated in this study. The cooling load profiles and heat pipes of effectiveness 0.45 and 0.6 in achieving the desired space conditions were evaluated and calculated hour by hour. It was found that heat pipe heat exchanger can be applied to save energy for over 60% of the operating hours for air-conditioning. The reduction in overall energy was from 1.8% to 2.8% for the whole system.
[Scintigraphy with 99mTc-HMPAO-marked leukocytes and abdominal tumors: clinical interpretation of scintigraphy results].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The 99mTc-HMAPAO-labelled leucocyte scan is a widely employed diagnostic tool in the assessment of inflammatory and infective diseases. Nevertheless, leucocytes accumulation in neoplastic lesions has been reported. In the present study, aimed at the exploration of the abdomen and performed on 62 patients, positive scintigraphic findings were obtained in 66.6% (4/6) of the neoplasms and in 6.45% (4/62) of the studied cases. These scintigraphic results, even if they have to be considered as false positive cases, effectively reflect histopathologic changes present in the neoplastic tissue. On the basis of the obtained results, leucocytes accumulation in abdominal malignancies is probably due to the presence of necrosis and ulceration and to the resulting infection of the tumour.
Cleavage of 3-Aryl-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,2-oxazines Using Zinc and Aqueous Chelating Ethers: Efficient Methodology for N-O Bond Cleavage

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A mild and efficient methodology for single pot ring opening of 3-aryl-4H-1,2-oxazines to γ-hydroxy ketones was developed using zinc and aqueous chelating ethers. The ether acts as ligand and co-solvent for the reaction. The ability of zinc ions to form stable complexes with chelating ethers activates the zinc towards reduction. Water is the proton source. Keywords: γ-hydroxy ketones, aqueous medium, ether, 1, 2-oxazine, Zinc, hydrogenation, amino, pyrrolidines, pyridines, 4-aminoalcohols
Structure and stability of the Boc(D‐Pro‐L‐Pro)2OCH3 Na+ complex: A model of poly(D,L‐proline), an alkali ion channel across membranes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of alkali ions conduction of poly( D , L ‐proline), which shows the typical behavior of an ion channel across membranes, conformations of the tetrameric derivative Boc( D ‐Pro‐ L ‐Pro) 2 OCH 3 in solution, in the presence of the Na + ion, were investigated by CD and nmr spectroscopy. Both theoretical and experimental data indicate the formation in solution of a monomeric complex between the tetramer, in the all‐ trans conformation, and the cation. The results allow to confirm the channel model, previously proposed on the phenomenological behavior of poly( D , L ‐proline) in membranes.
Lymphangioma‐like pattern and anaplastic evolution in a case of classic Kaposi's sarcoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Usually, classic Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is clinically characterized by maculae, plaques and nodules and histologically by a proliferation of irregularly‐shaped blood vessels, spindle cells and extravasated erythrocytes. The course is indolent. Very rarely, cases have been reported in which malignant transformation occurred with subsequent visceral diffusion. Observations A case of classic KS in an 82‐year‐old man is reported. Clinically, the lesion appeared lo be a nodule which grew rapidly to become an exophytic tumour mass. Histopathologically, it was characterized at the beginning by a lymphangioma‐like pattern with subsequent frank anaplasia. The diagnosis of KS was based on lymph node examination which showed typical features. The patient died after 1 year. Conclusions Taking into account these unusual patterns we emphasize their importance in the differential diagnosis of KS from other angiomatous and anaplastic lesions.
[Synergism of antitumor effects on ovarian carcinoma using autocatalytic caspase-3 combined with flavopiridol].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

AdHTVP2G5-rev-casp3 at low doses results in a significant increase in cell number with S-phase content, which significantly enhanced the sensitivity of cells to flavopiridol. Treatments of autocatalytic caspase-3 combined at low doses with flavopiridol result in significant synergistic antitumor effects, significant tumor growth suppression and prolonged survival of mice. When compared with normal dose flavopiridol alone, the combination could resulted in minimal liver toxicity.
Chlorinated Rubber and Nitrogenous Plasticizers. I. Viscosity of Mixtures of Chlorinated Rubber and Anhydroformaldehyde Urethan

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The viscosities of solutions of chlorinated rubber in chloroform and in toluene and of mixed solutions of chlorinated rubber and anhydroformaldehyde urethan in toluene were measured. From the data it was possible to determine in an approximate way the mean molecular weight of chlorinated rubber and the mean molecular weights, determined viscometrically, of the mixtures. From the results it was, in turn, possible to derive the α coefficient in the relation of Kuhn. The action of anhydroformaldehyde urethan on chlorinated rubber could then be considered on a quantitative basis.
CP-166 Quality perceived by the patients of a pharmaceutical care consultation and steps taken to improve it

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background

The level of patient satisfaction with regards to healthcare received is increasingly being taken into account by health system managers. Accordingly, a major transformation in pharmacy consultations has occurred in order to be closer to the patients who come to the hospital pharmacy to pick up their medication.

Purpose

To determine patient satisfaction at a pharmacy consultation and to propose actions to improve the service on the basis of the results obtained.

Material and methods

We carried out an anonymous self-administered survey. The margin of error was 6% and the level of confidence was 95%. It was validated by the local Health Quality Authority and delivered by hand by a simple random sampling system at the time of dispensing. The questionnaires were collected from January 2015 until we achieved the sample size. This was an initiative aimed at improving quality, and data were collected routinely so ethics committee approval was considered unnecessary.

Results

194 surveys were collected. With regard to the facilities, 74–88% of patients declared themselves satisfied or very satisfied with comfort, the system of consultation signalling, confidentiality and attention time. The patients surveyed gave higher ratings (89–93%) of satisfaction for having an appointment to be attended and cleaning, while the percentage was lower (64%) for questions about opening hours. In terms of treatment received, friendliness, efficiency and professionalism of staff, the percentage exceeded 90% in all cases. Overall, satisfied patients exceeded 87%. Almost 15% made some comments, 41% about opening hours and 31% reaffirming content; the remaining 28% were miscellaneous.

Conclusion

Overall, patients were satisfied or very satisfied with the pharmaceutical care consultation. The aspects less valued were related to opening hours, comfort and signalling of the consultation, confidentiality at the moment of drug dispensing and time to receive the appointment in the pharmacy. As points of improvement, opening hours were extended, signage was increased with posters and we have begun to give appointments exclusively from pharmacy to reduce the delay time. We will need to repeat the survey to know the impact of the measures taken. No conflict of interest.
Famotidine in the USA: a review of efficacy studies.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Since its introduction into the USA, famotidine has been widely studied. A variety of studies has shown it to be a very potent H2-receptor antagonist; more potent and longer acting than cimetidine or ranitidine. It has been shown to be efficacious, cost-effective and relatively safe in the treatment of duodenal ulcers, benign gastric ulcers, in maintenance therapy, and when used intravenously in the critical care setting.
Causes Of Transudative And Exudative Pleural Effusion In Adults: A Descriptive Cross Sectional Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: The study aims to find causes of all the patients presented with pleural effusion to a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: study follows descriptive, cross sectional study design. It was conducted over a period of 6 months from January 2017 to June 2017. Total 100 cases who presented with pleural effusion were studied in this research. Results: Tuberculosis constituted 28% of pleural effusion cases followed by pneumonia 25% and malignancy 9% in exudative cases and CCF 13% and hepatic cirrhosis 8% in transudative cases. Conclusion: Tuberculosis is the most common cause of exudative pleural effusion while congestive cardiac failure is the most common cause of transudative pleural effusion with other diseases like infections, malignancies, liver cirrhosis also contributing to a significant extent. Key Words: pleural effusion, causes, adults.
Watching the Birth & Death of Chemical Bonds with Pulsed Neutrons: The Case of Nitric Oxide

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The primary aim of this proposal is to explore new ways for neutrons to probe the creation & disruption of chemical bonds in condensed matter. The system of choice for this programme of work is nitric oxide across its solid and liquid phases, given its ability to dimerise by electron-spin-pairing mechanisms in a controllable and well-defined manner as a function of pressure and temperature. In addition to these drivers, these experiments will also address a number of pending questions, including changes to chemical bonding and structure in both the liquid and solid relative to the isolated molecule. We anticipate that the lessons learnt from this work will find immediate application to the study of more complex systems of practical interest, given the relevance and importance of this diatomic system as a chemical intermediate in environmental and industrial processes.
Talking ideas into being: Reasoning about science phenomena in the elementary classroom.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper emphasises processes of growing understanding and reasoning about water-related phenomena in open inquiry-based science activities. It highlights the interplay of multiple cultural resources, which 4 to 8 year old children from diverse sociocultural backgrounds draw upon, to create shared meaning and attention when ‘doing science’ as cultural enactment in classroom contexts. The rationale is to deepen our understanding about the nature of learning from a dialectical perspective, i.e. how processes of personal inquiry and collective knowledge creation mutually develop. ‘Doing science’ unfolds through a dynamic, non-linear and creative combination of culturally given tools and children’s specific multimodal repertoires. The research draws close attention on the context-sensitive organization of this interactional achievement, i.e. the quality of the interactionally achieved convergence of multiple repertoires, their context-sensitive use and creative transformations The study is supported by a multi-method framework allowing to embrace multiple perspectives on the children’s inquiry processes. Two excerpts are discussed in detail – one from kindergarten, one from 2d grade – which address the children’s inquiry processes in different ways. The data reveal an astonishing depth of discussion and scientific reasoning of children at this age. Children’s critical conversations display awareness of relevant discourse elements and related explanations from other curriculum areas, which are confronted and actively worked into each other as an active accomplishment done by the children in dialogical interchange. The study is of substantial significance for conceiving sustainable science learning environments in multilingual and -cultural school contexts.
Aggregation Behaviour and Interspecific Responses in Three Species of Triatominae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The response to intra- and interspecific assembling signals was tested in three species of Chagas' disease vectors. As previously described for Triatoma infestans, larvae of both species, T. sordida and T. guasayana, aggregated on papers impregnated with their own excrement. Moreover, bugs belonging to each of the three species also aggregated on papers contaminated with faeces from the other two, with the only exception of the larvae of T. guasayana, which did not assemble on faeces of T. sordida. In all cases, the response to interspecific excrement was as strong as that to the intraspecific one. The non-specificity of the signal is discussed in the context of the ecological association of the three species and their role as vectors of Chagas' disease
How the media representation of England’s national football captains has changed in the British press from the 1960s to today

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study investigated how the representation of England’s national football captains has changed in the British press from the 1960s to today. Such a study was important in order to identify the factors that have contributed to the specific changes within the British media. The first aim of the dissertation was to analyse the interaction between England captains and the British press. The second aim was to observe the differing levels of media coverage received by England captains and why certain captains received more attention in their specific era. The final aim was to determine the role nationalism plays in the representation of England captains. Through research into, predominantly, newspaper coverage that previous England captains have received during their respective tenures, the dissertation was able to gauge the trend each captain experienced in their private lives being increasingly made public. Literary research on celebrity culture suggests that the representations of England captains within the British media will continue to become more sensationalised and public due to the ever-changing laws in privacy within journalism and the effects of the sport star culture. Interviews with leading sports journalists enabled observations regarding the relationships that the press have with England captains and footballers in general. The findings from the research evidence the significance that the tabloidisation era have had on sports reporting as well as the importance that the captain’s armband holds for both sports journalists and the public. Ultimately, as media empires such as Rupert Murdoch’s BskyB continue to have a stranglehold over society, the amount of scrutiny that high profile footballers receive is only set to intensify.
Carpet Packaging: As A Tool For Branding And Enhancing Durability, Case Study: Jaipur Rugs Private Limited, Jaipur

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Packaging performs a central role as a medium in the marketing mix. It not only specifies the character of new products, but also acts as a tool to create shelf impact. Packaging showcases the level of creativity, innovation that has gone into manufacturing the product. This study is an attempt to explore and establish various options available for the packaging and branding of carpets/rugs. A two stage research was conducted. First stage was the normative approach of conducting a focus group discussion, involving skilled and veteran artist s along with participants from middle management. A structured survey, on the basis of the conclusion of the focus group discussion, was conducted among the workers doing the packaging of the end product. The focus of the study was on identifying high quality packaging options to showcase the exclusivity of the product and enhance the durability for shipping and freight.
Proteomics analysis of the amygdala in rats with CFA-induced pain aversion with electro-acupuncture stimulation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Yuanyuan Wu,1 Yongliang Jiang,1 Xiaomei Shao,1 Xiaofen He,1 Zui Shen,1 Yan Shi,2 Chao Wang,1 Jianqiao Fang3 1Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China; 2Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China; 3Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jianqiao FangZhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of ChinaTel +86 5 718 667 3000Email fangjianqiao7532@163.comBackground: Clinical patients suffering from pain usually exhibit aversion to pain-associated environments (pain aversion). Electro-acupuncture (EA) has been proven to be effective for the treatment of pain aversion in our previous studies. The amygdala could have substantial consequences on emotion and pain consolidation as well as general pain aversion behavior, however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear.Purpose: The current study was performed to investigate Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) based quantitative proteomic analysis of the amygdala in rats with complete Freund&amp;rsquo;s adjuvant (CFA)-induced pain aversion, and comprehensive analysis of protein expression were performed to explore the underlying mechanism by which EA affects pain aversion.Materials and methods: Inflammatory pain was induced with an intraplantar injection of 100 &amp;mu;L of CFA in the plantar surface of the left hind paw of the male Spragure-Dawley (SD) rats. Then the CFA-induced conditioned place aversion (C-CPA) test was performed. EA stimulation on the bilateral Zusanli and Sanyinjiao acu-points was used for 14 days and the EA stimulation frequency is 2 Hz. Based on iTRAQ-based proteomics analysis, we investigated the protein expression in the amygdala.Results: EA can increase the paw withdrawal threshold in inflammatory pain induced by noxious stimulation. A total of 6319 proteins were quantified in amygdala. Of these identified proteins, 123 were identified in the pain aversion group relative to those in the saline group, and 125&amp;nbsp;significantly altered proteins were identified in the pain aversion + EA group relative to the pain aversion group. A total of 11 proteins were found to be differentially expressed in the amygdala of pain aversion and EA-treated rats. The expression of three proteins, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutamate transporter-1, and p21-activated kinase 6, were confirmed to be consistent with the results of the proteome.Conclusion: Our investigation demonstrated the possible mechanism of central nerve system by which EA intervetion on pain aversion.Keywords: pain, pain aversion, amygdala, electro-acupuncture, proteomics