jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Arginine/Tryptophan‐Rich Cyclic α/β‐Antimicrobial Peptides: The Roles of Hydrogen Bonding and Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic Solvent‐Accessible Surface Areas upon Activity and Membrane Selectivity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The bacterial selectivity of an amphiphilic library of small cyclic α/β‐tetra‐, α/β‐penta‐, and α/β‐hexapeptides rich in arginine/tryptophan (Arg/Trp) residues, which contains asymmetric backbone configurations and differ in hydrophobicity and alternating d,l ‐amino acids, was investigated against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli . The structural analyses showed that the peptides tend to form assemblies of different shapes. All‐ l ‐peptides, especially the most hydrophobic pentamers, were more strongly anti‐ B . subtilis . With the exception to cyclo(Phe‐ d ‐Trp‐β 3 hArg‐Arg‐ d ‐Trp) (Phe=phenylalanine), the peptides had no effects on inner membrane of E . coli , but lyzed the lipopolysaccharide layer according to their activity pattern. The activities adversely changed with a decrease in the number of amide intramolecular hydrogen bonds in assemblies of diastereomeric peptides and the ratio of hydrophobic/hydrophilic solvent‐accessible surface areas. The remarkable enhanced entropic contribution for the partitioning of the least conformationally constrained cyclo(Trp‐ d ‐Phe‐β 3 hTrp‐Arg‐ d ‐Arg) sequence into the membranes supported the strong self‐assembly behavior, therefore making the peptide less penetrable through the E . coli outer layer.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Screening for Celiac Disease in the Adult Population

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background . Celiac disease (CD) is common and, when undiagnosed, may result in increased mortality, suggesting that mass screening could be justified. The authors examined the cost-effectiveness (CE) of such an approach, assuming a higher mortality rate in undiagnosed CD and that adhering to a gluten-free diet (GFD) reduces the mortality rate. Methods . The authors developed a state transition Markov model, evaluating the CE of screening an entire population at the age of 18. Screening strategies included no screening v. screening by IgA antiendomysial antibodies (EMA), IgA human antitissue transglutaminase antibodies (TTG), and TTG verified by EMA. All strategies were examined with and without evaluation for IgA deficiency, and they all included an intestinal biopsy. Effects of variables were examined using sensitivity analysis. Effectiveness was assessed by life expectancy for each strategy and the incremental average CE ratio for each. Results . Base-case analysis revealed US$49,491 and US$572,616 per life year gained for screening compared to no screening using EMA or TTG, respectively. The CE of screening with EMA was most influenced by the prevalence of CD and the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for untreated CD patients. Screening was cost-effective in populations with a relatively high prevalence of CD or when the SMR for untreated CD patients was higher than 1.5. The model was insensitive to changes in the cost of serological markers and diagnostic endoscopy. Conclusion . Assuming an SMR of 1.5 or higher for untreated CD patients, mass screening for CD is cost-effective in populations with a relatively high prevalence of CD over a wide range of ages at screening. From a CE perspective, EMA is the preferred serological marker for mass screening. Screening for CD would be justified only if the uncertainties regarding the validity of our assumptions are substantiated.
Flexible Graphene-Glass Fiber Composite Film with Ultrahigh Thermal Conductivity and Mechanical Strength as Highly Efficient Thermal Spreader Materials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Most commercial thermal spreader materials have satisfactory thermal conductivity but inferior mechanical strength and flexibility. Therefore, how to simultaneously improve ultrahigh thermal conductivity and excellent mechanical properties for heat spreaders is a still under challenge. Here, we demonstrated that the use of graphene oxide and glass fiber can fabricate graphene-glass fiber composite film with ultrahigh thermal conductivity, high mechanical strength, and flexibility, by bar-coating method. The one-dimensional glass fibers were chose as the scaffolds, which reinforce the mechanical strength. The in-plane thermal conductivity of the graphene-glass fiber composite film reaches 952±104 W/mK, while the mechanical strength is up to 106.9 MPa. In addition, the composite film shows excellent flexibility. The bar-coating method is easily scaled up for wide applications. It is believed that the graphene-glass fiber composite film can be used as high-performance heat spreaders in high-power devices for highly efficient thermal management.
Relationships Between Physical–Chemical Parameters and Physiological Maturation Stages of Formosa Papaya Growing in a Tropical Semiarid Climate

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of ’Tainung 01’ papaya fruit, identify its maturation stage, and recommend its commercial harvest point in a tropical semiarid climate. Fruits in different stages of development were harvested throughout the 4.5 months to evaluate their growth. After harvesting, the fruits were evaluated for their physicochemical characteristics. The experimental design used for the growth studies of the fruit was completely randomized, with five replicates, each repetition being composed of three fruits. It was verified that physiological maturity was reached at 130 days after effective fruiting (DAEF), with values of soluble solids > 11oBrix, which is considered ideal for fruit commercialization by the ’Formosa’ cultivar. At 123 DAEF, the physical–chemical parameters indicated that the fruits had reached physiological maturity, but they remained green and shriveled when stored at room temperature.
The NADPH Oxidase and Microbial Killing by Neutrophils, With a Particular Emphasis on the Proposed Antimicrobial Role of Myeloperoxidase within the Phagocytic Vacuole

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

In 1933, Baldridge and Gerard observed the "extra respiration of phagocytosis" when dog leukocytes were mixed with Gram-positive bacteria and assumed that it was associated with the production of energy required for engulfment of the organisms. It was later shown that this "respiratory burst" was not inhibited by the mitochondrial poisons cyanide (1) or azide (2), which indicated that this is a nonmitochondrial process. The hunt for the neutrophil oxidase was then on because oxidative phosphorylation is far and away the major mechanism by which oxygen is consumed in mammalian cells, and another system that could consume oxygen at a similar rate was of considerable interest. Although many oxidases use NADH or NADPH as substrate, this oxidase was specifically called the NADPH oxidase because in the early days there was quite a controversy as to whether the substrate was NADH (3) or NADPH (4), and the matter was finally settled in favor of NADPH.
Resistance to Annexin A5 Anticoagulant Activity and Specificity for Anti-B2GPI Domain I Antibodies in Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Obstetric antiphospholipid (aPL) syndrome (APS) is defined by the presence of persisting aPL with previous unexplained recurrent first trimester pregnancy loss, &/or intrauterine death, &/or placental dysfunction (severe pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation or placental abruption). The placental anticoagulant protein Annexin A5 (AnxA5) is expressed on the surfaces of placental syncytiotrophoblasts where it has been postulated to play a thrombomodulatory role. aPL antibodies have been demonstrated to reduce the quantity of AnxA5 on these cells and accelerate plasma coagulation. Resistance to AnxA5 anticoagulant activity has previously been demonstrated in APS patients with thrombotic histories. We have investigated whether plasma samples from patients with the obstetric APS also interfere with AnxA5 anticoagulant activity and also whether this correlated with antibody recognition of domain I on β2GPI. Methods Plasmas were obtained from 30 healthy non-pregnant donors (median age 34, range 18–55) and 70 healthy non-pregnant women with previous obstetric APS (median age 39, range 24–58), and assayed for AnxA5 resistance and anti-β2GPI domain I antibodies, using previously published assays. Results Women with obstetric APS had significant reduction of AnxA5 anticoagulant ratios compared to controls (median 216%, range 130–282% vs 247%, range 217–283%, p<0.0001) and also elevated levels of antidomain I IgG (median optical density: 0.056, range 0.021–0.498 vs 0.042, range 0.020–0.323, p=0.002). Patients in the lowest tertile of AnxA5 anticoagulant ratios had an odds ratio for obstetric APS of 121.1 (95% confidence interval of 6.5–2240.2) and patients in the highest tertile of antidomain I IgG had an odds ratio for obstetric APS of 3.4 (95% confidence interval of 1.2–9.7). There was a significant correlation between reduction of AnxA5 anticoagulant activity and elevation of antidomain I IgG (r=−0.49, p<0.0001). Conclusions. Women with obstetric APS are more likely to have AnxA5 resistance and also anti-domain I IgG antibodies than the control groups. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that aPL antibody-mediated disruption of AnxA5, via recognition of domain I of β2GPI is a mechanism for pregnancy morbidity & mortality in obstetric APS.
UPDATED: Data sets and query script used in identifying FAM129B as a putative regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling using a largescale siRNA screen integrated with phosphoproteomic and bioinformatic analyses; and, FAM129B protein-protein interaction data.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Results of affinity purification of Flag-GFP-FAM129B followed by mass spectrometric peptide identification. Column a, bait protein used for affinity purification. Column b, prey proteins identified by mass spectrometry. Column c, total peptides identified for a given prey peptide (spectral counts).
Gênero Calophyllum: importância química e farmacológica

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The Calophyllum genus (Clusiaceae) is composed of about 200 species, with a pantropical distribution. Some species are medicinal and are used against several diseases, including gastric ulcers, infectious pathologies, painful, inflammatory processes and as molluscicidal. A search in the literature regarding the chemical and biological aspects of these plants indicates cytotoxic activity against several cell lines, inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, antisecretory and cytoprotective properties, antinociceptive, molluscicidal and antimicrobial effects, among others, related particularly to the presence of coumarins, xanthones, flavonoids, and triterpenes.
Dynamical theory of viscous tides in binary systems.

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Explicit analytical formulae for tidal velocities in star components of binary system are obtained. Compressibility and viscosity of the stellar matter and the inclination of the star axis of rotation to the orbital plane are taken into account. The polytropic model of the star is used. Numerical values of radial, azimuthal and tangential components of the tidal velocity are obtained for main sequence stars
The value premium and the January effect

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the seasonal effect in the value premium puzzle. It studies whether the book‐to‐market effect is an outcome of the January effect observed among stock returns. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses returns of portfolios based on size and BE/ME ratios as Fama and French suggest to define value premium and investigate the seasonality of the BE/ME effect. The paper tests whether the value premiums observed among large and small stocks are different in January and non‐January months. It examines the turn‐of‐the‐year effect on the value premium by analyzing the returns of BE/ME portfolios during the first and last ten trading days of a calendar year. Findings Empirical evidence supports the fact that value premium has different patterns in January and non‐January months for large and small capitalization firms. It was found that large stocks have a significant value premium only in January and this high January value premium among large stocks is mainly driven by loser stocks at the turn of the year. In contrast with large stocks, the value premium of small stocks occurs only in non‐January months. Originality/value This paper shows that value premium of large and small stocks are different in January and non‐January months. Furthermore, the past performance of stocks plays a key role in the observed January value premium among large stocks. Finally, this study provides evidence to show that the value premium among large stocks may be explained by investor trading behavior.
Qordul Hasan; The Solution for Traditional Financial "Helping Hand" Instrument Trap

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Objective - The aim of this study is to identify how Qordul Hasan, an Islamic financial scheme, can be a solution for traditional financial "helping-hand" instrument trap. Methodology/Technique - By investigating on facts and literature, the results show that the Qordul Hasan scheme appropriate to solve the financial trap that cause by traditional financial "helping-hand" instruments. Findings - There are (1) Traditional financial "helping-hand" instruments such as rentenir, ijon, and arisan Pyo, lead to increase financially high dependency for the poor. Eventually, the dependency becomes a trap. (2) Qordul Hasan has a suitable scheme to alleviate the poor from financial trap. As a social scheme, Qordul Hasan gives a financial help. It is useful for paying debt or starting up. Gradually, when the poor have been detached from the trap, Qordul Hasan can be converted to commercial finance. Type of Paper - Conceptual Keywords: Qordul Hasan, Traditional Finance, Financial Trap.
The struggle for a place called home: the ANC versus the UDM in the Eastern Cape

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The birth of the UDM constituted a particular challenge to the ANC in the Eastern Cape. In one of the poorest provinces, which incorporated the former homelands of Ciskei and Transkei, the ANC provincial government had been faced by challenges which threatened to erode its base amongst its traditional constituency. The UDM sought to exploit these discontents by cultivating the chiefs and the former Transkeian elite. The ANC responded by its own battle for the chiefs and by deploying national leaders to campaign in Transkei. Even if the UDM fails to develop a national appeal, it may remain an important player in the Eastern Cape.
Surgical Treatment of Spasmodic Torticollis by Peripheral Denervation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Spasmodic torticollis, also known as cervical dystonia, is similar to other forms of dyskinesia in that it was once considered a manifestation of a psychological disturbance rather than an organic disease. Brissaud (1) spoke of torticollis mentalis. At one time, patients suffering from spasmodic torticollis sometimes received psychiatric treatment based on the opinion of some psychoanalysts that patients were turning their head away because of unresolved psychological conflict.
Opportunities and Challenges for Teacher Professional Development: A Case of Collaborative Learning Community in South Korea

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study investigates how characteristics of a collaborative professional learning activity support and hinder teacher learning and growth by examining the experiences of three Korean secondary teachers who participated in a school-initiated collaborative teacher learning project. The findings demonstrated that this learning opportunity supported teachers in their learning and professional development in the following ways. First, teachers experienced professional growth through collaborative learning with colleagues. Second, teachers learned to self-reflect on their classes. Third, the program fostered an inquiry stance toward teaching. Also identified are some of the obstacles encountered, such as time constraints, psychological barriers, and the lack of a discussion culture.
Sheikh Nuruddin Al-Raniri Description Of Heaven In Bad 'Al-Khalq Al-Samawat Wa Al-Ard [MSS 1517(A)]

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Sheikh Nuruddin al-Raniri (d. 1658) is a renowned scholar in the Malay archipelago during the rule of Sultan Iskandar Thani (1636-1641 AD) in Acheh. He had authored 35 works on various disciplines of Islam and Bad 'al-Khalq al-Samawat wa al-Ard describes the concept of heaven genesis in Jawi manuscript MSS1517 (A). This article is a preliminary analysis of the manuscript focusing on excerpts of al-Raniri's exposition on the meaning of heaven and its categories. That heaven has respective names and inhabitants in the Day of Judgment. Study on the biography of al-Raniri and the written scripture was conducted by analyzing al-Raniri's thinking pattern, which was extracted from the book. Moreover, the concept of the natural phenomenon was explained and discussed intensively following Islamic thinking. Then each phrase and al-Raniri’s ideology was clearly defined base on the interpretation of Qur’an and hadiths. Result of this study shows that the writing method done by al-Raniri was mostly focusing on imagining the condition of a specific place in heaven. Keywords: al-Raniri; Bad 'al-Khalq al-Samawat wa al-Ard; heaven; earth eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI1.2300
Prevalence and course of anxiety disorders and symptoms from preschool to adolescence: a 6‐wave community study

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background The rate of various anxiety disorders in early childhood and whether they continue into middle childhood or adolescence is not known. We therefore report on the prevalence and stability of DSM‐5‐defined anxiety disorders and their symptoms, capturing the period from preschool to adolescence. Methods By means of interviewer‐based clinical interviews, anxiety was measured in a sample of Norwegian children at six measurement points from age 4 to 14 ( n = 1,041). To adjust for time‐invariant factors, we applied random intercept cross‐lagged panel models (RI‐CLPMs) capturing within‐person changes. Results Nearly 10% (95% CI = 7.29, 12.63) had an anxiety disorder at some timepoint. Specific phobia was the most prevalent disorder in early and middle childhood, whereas generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) increased in prevalence and became the most common anxiety disorder at age 14 (4.51%, 95% CI = 2.78, 6.23). When time‐invariant confounding was adjusted for, homotypic continuity in anxiety symptoms typically first emerged in late middle childhood or adolescence. Even so, such within‐person analyses revealed a heterotypic path from increased number of early childhood symptoms of specific phobia to increased number of GAD symptoms in middle childhood ( B = .41, 95% CI = .06, .75). Increased separation anxiety in middle childhood predicted increased symptoms of GAD in adolescence ( B = .38, 95% CI = .14, .62), and vice versa ( B = .05, 95% CI = .00, .09). Only minor gender differences were revealed. Conclusions Anxiety disorders are prevalent in childhood. In early childhood, anxiety symptoms generally do not predict later anxiety symptoms. In middle childhood, however, such symptoms are less likely to vanish, indicating this developmental period to be particularly important for preventive and treatment efforts.
Tourism will rise rapidly as an engine of Asian growth

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Significance Inbound and outbound Asian tourism has exploded over the last 20 years, especially in East and South East Asia. However, the sector faces challenges. Impacts Supporting tourism, Asia hosts three Olympics in a row -- South Korea 2018 (winter games), Tokyo 2020 (summer) and Beijing 2022 (winter). Tourism is a key source of exports and dollars; if Cambodia is hit by sanctions after its disputed election, tourism could cushion GDP. In ten years the UN sees India's population overtaking China's, making Indian travellers key to East and South-east Asian tourism.
Yüksek basınçlı homojenizasyon (mikroakışkanlaştırma) işleminin Osmanlı çileği (F.ananassa) suyu üzerindeki etkisi.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

High pressure homogenization (microfluidization) is a non-thermal process that is commonly used in food processing. Microfluidization provides convenience because it does not require any chemical. Also, the quality of juice is affected minimally. In this study, the effect of high-pressure homogenization (microfluidization) on the physical and chemical properties of Ottoman strawberry juice was evaluated. Two different pass numbers and two different pressures were used for the homogenization treatment. Effect of homogenization process was investigated by conducting antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content, particle size distribution, total soluble solid content, color analyses and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance measurements on the strawberry juices. Besides microfluidization, effect of enzyme (depectinization process) on the strawberry juice quality was also investigated. Different types of strawberry juices were compared in terms of color, antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content. Microfluidization at high pressure increased the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of the Ottoman strawberry juice. 600 bar treatment caused an increase in the T2 values and 1000 bar treatment caused an increase in the T1 values of the juice. Particle size decreased when the pass number increased. Furthermore, the pass number and pressure change affected, significantly, the anthocyanin content which caused an alteration in the redness value of Ottoman strawberry juice. Homogenization process also increased the total phenolic content of ordinary strawberry juice. Enzyme addition gave rise to significant changes on the quality of different strawberry juices.
A case of aHUS with successful treated refractory hypertension for renin-angiotensin inhibitor, ischemic colitis for octreotide acetate

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

非典型溶血性尿毒症症候群（atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome: aHUS）は補体制御因子の異常による血栓性微小血管症で，生命予後に影響する腎外病変に対する関心が集まっている．症例は3歳女児．血尿，蛋白尿，浮腫を主訴に当院へ紹介され，精査によりaHUSと診断された．臨床経過中に消化管出血，難治性高血圧，肺水腫，そして可逆性の脳萎縮といった多彩な腎外病変を呈し，特に重篤な消化管出血と難治性高血圧の管理に難渋した．病初期におけるaHUSに対する血漿交換療法とエクリズマブの併用療法に加えて，難治性高血圧に対してレニン・アンジオテンシン系阻害薬，そして虚血性腸炎の体液管理に酢酸オクトレオチドがそれぞれ奏功した．多臓器にわたる腎外病変を有するaHUSは重症例が多く，適切な治療を行わなければ致死的な経過をたどる可能性があるため，集学的治療による全身管理が生命予後の改善に重要である．
Control of distension of varicose veins achieved by leg bandages, as used after injection sclerotherapy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A study was performed to determine whether the pressures routinely produced by bandaging for compression sclerotherapy of varicose veins are adequate to maintain the superfical veins almost empty of blood. The results suggest that well-applied bandages can provide sufficient support to combat the high distending pressures found in varicose veins. The large variation among different surgeons, however, indicates that any clinical assessment of compression sclerotherapy should include measurement of the pressure at which the bandages are applied.