jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
RNA Multiway Junction Motifs as Lego for the Construction of Multifunctional RNA Nanoparticles

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

RNA nanotechnology has recently emerged as a versatile platform for bottom-up fabrication of RNA nanoparticles with desired structure and stoichiometry. RNA possesses many intrinsic nanoscale attributes, which make it particularly attractive as a construction material. It can be designed and manipulated as simply as DNA, while possessing diverse functions and catalytic activity similar to proteins. RNA junctions represent important branched architectural elements that are abundant in many structured RNAs, such as ribosomal RNA (rRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), ribozymes, and riboswitches. A wide assortment of RNA three-way junction (3WJ) and four-way junction (4WJ) motifs is available for constructing diverse RNA nanoparticles with desired structure and function. Using junction scaffolds, RNA nanoparticles composed of multiple RNA building blocks can be generated by self-assembly to escort siRNA, miRNA, ribozyme, aptamer, or other therapeutics to specific cells. The focus of this chapter is on the use of 3WJ and 4WJ motifs for constructing multivalent RNA nanoparticles for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. The approach relies on utilizing modular building blocks (three–six pieces of RNA oligos) to self-assemble into larger nanoparticles using the bottom-up approach of nanotechnology.
The effects of market concentration on health care price and quality in hospital markets in Ibadan, Nigeria

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Evidence about the Nigerian health indicators show that the quality of health care in Nigeria is low and inflation of health care prices also persists. Theoretically, by observing the market concentration, inferences can be drawn as to how hospitals conduct themselves, which allows the evaluation of the market performance. Therefore, the effects of market concentration on the health care price and quality were examined. Market concentration was measured by Herfindahl Hirschman Index (HHI) and four hospital concentration ratios (CR4). The values of HHI were disaggregated into the less and more concentrated markets. Quality of health care was measured by the staff-nurse-patient ratio. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) was used to estimate the effects of market concentration on price and quality of health care. The price of health care was found to be 13.4% lower in the less concentrated markets than in the more concentrated market. Income significantly and positively influenced health care prices by 17.8%. Also, a low HHI lead to 33.4% increase in Staff-nurse Patient Ratio (SPR) indicating that the quality of health care was higher in less concentrated markets as hospitals increased the treatment intensity via staff-nurse patient ratio. A less concentrated market is linked with higher health care quality and lower health care prices. Therefore, a strategy that will reduce market concentration so as to enhance consumer welfare in terms of price and quality is recommended.
Exploring the experiences and strategies for promoting the well-being of first-time Black Canadian women transitioning to motherhood: A community-based participatory study protocol

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background: The arrival of a first child is often a transformative and joyful period filled with excitement, but it can also be an overwhelming and isolating experience, especially for first-time mothers facing structural and socio-economic disadvantages. Negative experiences during the early transition to motherhood may contribute to poor maternal mental health and affect the trajectory of infant development. Thus, supporting this journey is critical, yet there is a paucity of research on the experiences and support needs of first-time Black Canadian women transitioning to motherhood. Objective: The overall objective of this proposed study is to explore the experiences of transitioning to motherhood and to identify the contextual, sociocultural, and structural conditions that facilitate and or impede healthy transitions among first-time Black Canadian mothers. Design: This proposed study will employ a two-phase critical exploratory qualitative design guided by intersectionality, community cultural wealth, and a socio-ecological framework to explore the perspectives of first-time Black mothers on the contextual, cultural, and structural conditions that facilitate or impede healthy transition to motherhood. Methods: We will also draw on community-based participatory methods to engage them in translating the findings into accessible and actionable strategies to inform programs, interventions, and policies to support their transition needs. In collaboration with our community partner, six focus groups and 12 individual interviews will be conducted with first-time Black mothers from across Ontario. Data will be analysed using thematic analysis. Discussion: Most research on transition to motherhood has been conducted with white middle-class women. Understanding how Black mothers navigate their transition to motherhood through a complex array of entrenched systemic and racial inequities is critical to inform policy and development of interventions and programs to meet their transition needs including early screening of social and mental health risk factors. Conclusion: This project has the potential to inform social policy as it relates to parental leave, workplace accommodation, and accessible childcare to support first-time Black mothers transitioning to motherhood.
PRIMA-1Met suppresses colorectal cancer independent of p53 by targeting MEK

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

PRIMA-1Met is the methylated PRIMA-1 (p53 reactivation and induction of massive apoptosis) and could restore tumor suppressor function of mutant p53 and induce p53 dependent apoptosis in cancer cells harboring mutant p53. However, p53 independent activity of PRIMA-1Met remains elusive. Here we reported that PRIMA-1Met attenuated colorectal cancer cell growth irrespective of p53 status. Kinase profiling revealed that mitogen-activated or extracellular signal-related protein kinase (MEK) might be a potential target of PRIMA-1Met. Pull-down binding and ATP competitive assay showed that PRIMA-1Met directly bound MEK in vitro and in cells. Furthermore, the direct binding sites of PRIMA-1Met were explored by using a computational docking model. Treatment of colorectal cancer cells with PRIMA-1Met inhibited p53-independent phosphorylation of MEK, which in turn impaired anchorage-independent cell growth in vitro. Moreover, PRIMA-1Met suppressed colorectal cancer growth in xenograft mouse model by inhibiting MEK1 activity.Taken together, our findings demonstrate a novel p53-independent activity of PRIMA-1Met to inhibit MEK and suppress colorectal cancer growth.
The Feminist Writer and the Subaltern: A Perspective on Ole Kulet’sBlossoms of the Savannah

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Dominant literary conversations like post-structuralism have crowned the literary writer as an impartial and reliable voice for the voiceless in oppressive cultural settings. Since the marginal group is weak and cannot speak for themselves, the intellectual is given express authority to articulate their issues. Emerging voices have nonetheless questioned the author’s eligibility to speak for the marginal groups. Given the diversity typical of the marginal group, these voices doubt the author’s ability to perfectly represent it. This perspective piece extends the conversation that the literary writer lacks the capacity to speak for the marginal group because of their heterogeneity. Using the post-colonial concept of representation, this review interrogates the literary writer’s articulation of issues affecting marginal groups in Ole Kulet’s Blossoms of the Savannah. The ideas of Gayatri Spivak and Chandra Mohanty will form the theoretical basis of interpretation. This review proceeds through close textual reading of the primary text, secondary texts and refereed journal articles. The major finding of the study is that Kulet takes the trajectory of Western feminists to not only generalise attributes and experiences in male and female characters, but silences divergent voices in the marginal group he purportedly attempts to represent and is therefore biased.
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In recent years, increasing numbers of patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) have been offered extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) preoperatively if they can not physiologically tolerate early surgical repair. These infants are sicker and more unstable than those repaired pre-ECMO and, in most cases, have not had a "honeymoon" period (i.e., PaO 2 >100 mm Hg at some point). ECMO before surgical repair was offered to 27 CDH patients in our institution; of the 16 (59%) survivors, 11 are now 2 years of age or older. To determine the outcome risk for this critical population, we compared 11 infants placed on ECMO pre-CDH repair (Group A) with our previous series of 22 survivors who had their surgery prior to ECMO (Group B). Both groups were similar in birth weight, gestational age, and Apgar scores. In Group A, a greater number were females (73% vs 23%), had right-sided hernia (64% vs 23%), and required patch repairs (82% vs 23%). The mean time on ECMO, time to extubation, and mean length of hospitalization were longer in group A. In both groups combined, the frequency of reherniation was higher in the patch-repair infants compared with those with a primary closure. Incidence of reflux was high in both groups, with increasing frequency of Nissen fundoplication in Group A patients (45% vs 6%). Both groups demonstrated similar delayed growth at 1 year of age. Although infants placed on ECMO presurgery are sicker, with more post-ECMO morbidity, their growth failure is similar to the less sick infants repaired pre-ECMO. Therefore, we recommend close followup of all CDH infants treated with ECMO in multidisciplinary follow-up clinics.
Aktualisasi Kaidah al-Ḥājah Tunazzalu Manzilah al-Ḍarūrah pada Akad Istiṣnā’ Paralel

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The study aims to determine the Actualization of al-Ḥājah Tunazzalu Manzilah Al-Ḍarūrah’s rules (Necessity is treated as emergency) in parallel istishna’sale and purchase. This research is employs a qualitative descriptive research approach focused on the analysis of manuscripts and texts,utilizing normative and analytical methods. From the research findings it was discovered that the application of the principle of al-Ḥājah Tunazzalu Manzilah Al-Ḍarūrah in parallel istiṣnā’contracts has been actualized by observing that initially, the legality of parallel istiṣnā’contracts was prohibited due to certain transaction modes not conforming to the provisions of Islamic commercial law. For instance, a party acting as Ṣāni’ to sell goods without prosessing them. Or when acting as the manufacturer, not meeting the criteria as a genuine producer because they require someone else to fulfill the order. The principle in Islamic jurisprudence of al-Ḥājah Tunazzalu Manzilah Al-Ḍarūrah explains that urgent needs criteria can occupy an emergency position, specially primary or fundamental needs. For example, humans require housing to ensure safety and security in their lives but lack funds to purchase a home and have no other means available. In such conditions, parallel istiṣnā’ contracts are permissible. This akigns with the principle of al-Ḥājah Tunazzalu Manzilah Al-Ḍarūrah, which elucidates the position where needs can occupy an emergency situation. The implications of this research are to strengthen Islamic legal theory, provide practical guidance in the Islamic financial sector, address contract limitations, and offer boundaries and understanding of the provisions set by Islamic law.
Randomized trials of HIV prevention interventions in developing countries.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Substantial amounts of funding are invested annually in HIV prevention efforts. Annual HIV prevention expenditures in the United States are estimated at a little less than one billion dollars. In developing countries several countries spend well over US$ 25 million on HIV prevention annually. However the rates of people living with HIV/AIDS worldwide continue to rise each day in the face of these large investments. The annual increases in the number of people living with HIV/AIDS might suggest that investments in HIV prevention worldwide should be substantially increased. Several recent studies have made this argument. Yet this argument only holds if there is convincing evidence that current HIV prevention interventions are effective. Over the past 15 years there has been only limited evidence of effectiveness of HIV prevention interventions particularly in developing countries where over 95 percent of people currently living with HIV/AIDS live. Although some gains in terms of changing individual behavior have been made there has been only limited evidence of a substantial impact of these interventions on the epidemic. (excerpt)
The calcium-buffering phase of bone mineral: Some clues to its form and formation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Devitalized, neonatal, rat calvariae incubated in a buffered solution release Ca2+ and P1 during the first day into the medium until levels reach 1.2 mM and 2.6 mM, respectively. Thereafter levels gradually decrease to stabilize by the fifth day at 0.5 mM and 2 mM. Comparison of these solubility changes with those of known calcium phosphate salts suggests that calvarial solubility is controlled by a mixture of impure, soluble, apatite precursors, which at cell death transform to an impure apatite. Increasing concentrations of Mg2+ increased the rate of Ca2+ release and, at 3 mM, stabilized Ca2+ by the fifth day at 0.9 mM. Decreasing the pH from 7.4 to 7.2 produced similar solubility changes as did the addition of citrate at 0.3 mM, phosphocitrate at 0.3 mM, ATP at 0.1 mM, and the bisphosphonate, HEBP, at 0.1 mM. Osteocalcin did not increase calvarial solubility but was able to slow the rate of calcium phosphate phase transition if present at the time of in vitro crystal formation. Phosphocitrate and HEBP were also more effective when present during in vitro crystal formation. HEBP was most effective when present during biological crystal formation, as shown by the increased solubility of devitalized calvariae removed after in vivo administration of HEBP. In vivo manipulations of osteoclast activity produced changes in plasma calcium which correlated with the solubility of the corresponding calvariae after removal and devitalization. Low milk intake increased calvarial solubility. Increasing doses of 1,25(OH)2D3 increased plasma calcium and calvarial solubility, both of which were reversed by injection of acetazolamide. It was concluded from this survey of devitalized bone solubility that calcium exchange between bone and body fluids can buffer calcium homeostasis in the young rat. The exchange is passive. The active components appear to be osteoblastic formation of soluble apatite precursors and their stabilizers and, in reverse, osteoclastic transformation of apatite to precursors by H2CO3 secretion.
BCDRRLE: A Bidirectional Cross-Dynamic Round Robin Learning Encoder Model for Medical Sentence Similarity (Preprint)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

BACKGROUND

In recent years, the construction of medical informatization has achieved remarkable results. A large number of electronic medical records are stored in medical electronic systems. With the continuous progress and development of Natural Language Processing (NLP) technology, researchers are focusing their attention on developing Artificial intelligence (AI) systems using large electronic health records (EHRs). How to efficiently retrieve and recommend similar content from massive EHRs is an urgent problem to be solved.

OBJECTIVE

This paper mainly solves the following problems for medical text similarity—(1)our model can effectively alleviate the problem of insufficient data in supervised learning (2)existing methods cannot generate high-quality sentence vectors (3) how to mine enough knowledge from unsupervised data?

METHODS

We propose a bidirectional cross-dynamic polling learning encoder model. This model uses semi-supervised learning to generate high-quality sentence vectors when there is a small amount of labeled data.

RESULTS

Our proposed Bidirectional Cross-Dynamic Round Robin Learning Encoder(BCDRRLE)structural model outperforms state-of-the-art models on three medical text sentence similarity datasets. Furthermore, our model can also produce higher-quality sentence representations.

CONCLUSIONS

The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed BCDRRLE structure model can still produce very good results in the case of a small amount of data. By introducing contrastive learning and an enhanced version of the denoising autoencoder, our model can efficiently produce high-quality sentence representations. Our proposed dynamic polling learning algorithm helps to further improve the performance of the model. Our approach not only yields better performance but is also more general and can be extended to other related task domains that use text representations.
Keratoacanthoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dermatopathology is the practice of assessing cutaneous diseases at the cellular level by performing microscopic examination of skin biopsy tissue samples. Histologic examination is a valuable diagnostic tool, frequently affecting treatment decisions. Understanding the correlations of a disease’s pathophysiology and its microscopic morphology is essential in enhancing clinicians’ diagnostic acuity. Therefore, this column is designed to present clinical–pathologic correlations on common, clinically relevant diagnoses. This is a case of keratoacanthoma.
Formulation by Design (FbD) approach to develop Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) for the aptness of nose to brain delivery

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The objective of the present investigation was to optimize and develop Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) loaded Nanostrucrured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) with Compritol 888 ATO as solid lipid and oleic acid as liquid lipid by modified emulsion solvent diffusion method using Central Composite design (CCD). Three independent variables viz., Lipid to Drug ratio (A), Aqueous phase pH (B) and Sonication time (min) (C) were taken to investigate their effect on dependent variables viz., particle size (nm) (R1), PDI (R2) and % Entrapment Efficiency (%EE) (R3). Optimized formula of NLC was selected from the design space which was further optimized by changing the surfactants quantity. NLCs were evaluated for physicochemical, morphological, solid state characterization, and in-vitro dissolution in PBS pH 6.4, PBS 7.4 and ACSF. The average particle size was found to be 94.7 ± 15.70 nm with PDI of 0.380 ± 0.024 and 134.3 ± 9.71 nm with PDI of 0.358 ± 0.038 respectively for T4 and T5 NLC formulation. The zeta potential value of -17. ± 3.87 mV and -17.17 ± 1.05 mV and %EE of 35.5 ± 1.04 % and 34.2 ± 2.78 %. Overall, the above finding shows promising results in the area of developing non-invasive intranasal route as an alternative to oral route for brain delivery. Keywords: Central composite design, Intranasal, Neuro-AIDS, CNS targeting.
Theoretical approach regarding the efficiency of application of rugby tools in the physical education lesson to high school students

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper presents the theoretical approach of physical education and sports specialists regarding the effectiveness of the application of rugby tools in the physical education lesson for high school students. The policy documents that regulate the educational process in the discipline are analyzed, which reflect flexibility in approaching the specific means of sports tests for the training of the specific skills of the physical education discipline. The analysis and synthesis of specialized literature, especially of the game of rugby, highlights the formative valences of the sport test in psychological, sociological, motor aspect and the personality formation of the one who practices it. The means that can be applied in the physical education lesson to acquire the elements and technical-tactical procedures in rugby will have a direct influence on the general motor skills and the level of physical training of the student, a fact confirmed by the specialists in the field, at the same time, this would also be an argument for designing the game of rugby within the disciplinary curriculum/curriculum at the level of alternative sports disciplines.
Spatial Pattern of Cities' Development in Anhui Province Based On Spatial Autocorrelation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Through selecting the typical years' per GDP capital,the authors analyzed the spatial pattern and laws of cities' economic development in Anhui Province based on the spatial autocorrelation.The results indicated that the value of Moran's I was 0.11,which meant that Anhui Province economy totally presented infirm positive spatial autocorrelation,economic development presents different types and difference,local economic regions turning up.The pattern of Anhui Province economic development was classified five classes by the value of local Moran's I and per GDP.Finally,the influence of several factors on spatial pattern was analyzed.
Climate‐driven spatial and temporal patterns in peatland pool biogeochemistry

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Peatland pools are freshwater bodies that are highly dynamic aquatic ecosystems because of their small size and their development in organic‐rich sediments. However, our ability to understand and predict their contribution to both local and global biogeochemical cycles under rapidly occurring environmental change is limited because the spatiotemporal drivers of their biogeochemical patterns and processes are poorly understood. We used (1) pool biogeochemical data from 20 peatlands in eastern Canada, the United Kingdom, and southern Patagonia and (2) multi‐year data from an undisturbed peatland of eastern Canada, to determine how climate and terrain features drive the production, delivering and processing of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in peatland pools. Across sites, climate (24%) and terrain (13%) explained distinct portions of the variation in pool biogeochemistry, with climate driving spatial differences in pool dissolved organic C (DOC) concentration and aromaticity. Within the multi‐year dataset, DOC, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), total N concentrations, and DOC aromaticity were highest in the shallowest pools and at the end of the growing seasons, and increased gradually from 2016 to 2021 in relation to a combination of increases in summer precipitation, mean air temperature for the previous fall, and number of extreme summer heat days. Given the contrasting effects of terrain and climate, broad‐scale terrain characteristics may offer a baseline for the prediction of small‐scale pool biogeochemistry, while broad‐scale climate gradients and relatively small year‐to‐year variations in local climate induce a noticeable response in pool biogeochemistry. These findings emphasize the reactivity of peatland pools to both local and global environmental change and highlight their potential to act as widely distributed climate sentinels within historically relatively stable peatland ecosystems.