jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Islamic Affinities and International Politics in Sub-Saharan Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Essay| April 01 1980 Islamic Affinities and International Politics in Sub-Saharan Africa Jon kraus Jon kraus Associate Professor of Political Science, State University of New york/Fredonia Jon Kraus has frequently undertaken research in West Africa. His most recent publications include “The Political Economy of Industrial Relations in Ghana,” in Ukandi Dimachi and Lester Trachtman, eds., Industrial Relations in Africa (London: Macmillan, 1978) and “Strikes and Labor Power in a Post Colonial African State,” Development and Change (April, 1979). Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Current History (1980) 78 (456): 154–158. https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1980.78.456.154 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Jon kraus; Islamic Affinities and International Politics in Sub-Saharan Africa. Current History 1 April 1980; 78 (456): 154–158. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1980.78.456.154 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentCurrent History Search This content is only available via PDF. © 1980 by The Regents of the University of California1980 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Characterization and Selection of Bruchid [Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)] Tolerant Greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] Genotypes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Bruchid, a cosmopolitan and most notorious field carryover storage grain pest in greengram causes severe damage in storage conditions. Hence, breeding efforts were made to develop bruchid tolerant genotypes involving two agronomically superior genotypes DGGV-2 and DGGV-7 and two bruchid tolerant genotypes V-02-709 and V-02-802. The F3 genotypes were screened through a ‘free choice test’ and further evaluated under the ‘force choice test’ for confirmation of resistance. The genotypes derived from the F3 family involving cross between V-02-802 × DGGV-7 and V-02-802 × DGGV-2 were found to be resistant with a longer mean developmental period (34.76 days and 33.53 days), low infestation (27.66 and 30.33 %) and low susceptibility index (0.039 and 0.043). The correlation amongst the various parameters, the mean developmental period has shown significantly negative correlation (r = -0.848) with susceptibility index; indicating that the resistance genotypes have shown a delay in a developmental period which can reduce the seed loss during storage condition. Hence, the superior genotypes can be further backcrossed with resistant source V-02-802 to recover bruchid resistant genes and can be used in breeding programmes aimed at the development of bruchid resistance lines.
Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and European Badgers (Meles meles) as Overlooked Wildlife Hosts of Canine Parvovirus in Slovakia: First Evidence by Molecular Characterization and Virus Isolation

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Wild carnivores are increasingly recognized as hosts or reservoirs of canine parvovirus (CPV), a major pathogen of dogs. To investigate CPV circulation in Central Europe, we examined 221 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and 53 European badgers (Meles meles) from seven Slovakian regions. Small intestines (n = 86), rectal swabs (n = 123), and feces (n = 65) were tested by real-time PCR, and positives were sequenced for the VP2 gene. Virus isolation was performed on MDCK cells. CPV was detected in 10.9% (30/274) of samples, with a prevalence of 10.9% (24/221) in foxes and 11.3% (6/53) in badgers. Phylogenetic analysis revealed co-circulation of CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c, with CPV-2b being prevalent (20/30, 66.7%) and CPV-2c detected in a single sample (1/30, 3.3%). CPV-2a/2b isolates clustered with European strains, while CPV-2c grouped within the “Asian” lineage. Several sequences carried “Asian-like” signatures (5G, 267Y, 324I, 370R), suggesting transboundary introduction and spillover into wildlife. Two infrequent substitutions were identified: S552I in CPV-2b and I447M in CPV-2a. Viable virus was isolated from all positives, with characteristic CPV-cytopathic effects. This study provides the first molecular and virological evidence of CPV in Central European wildlife. Our findings expand our understanding of CPV diversity in Europe, and underscore wildlife as an integral component of European ecology.
Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus and its co-infection with hepatitis D virus and hepatitis C virus in Iranian adult population

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study demonstrates that the prevalence of HBsAg seropositivity in Golestan province of Iran is higher than the levels reported by WHO and previous studies from Iran. It is very important, especially for health providers and policy makers, to recognize the risk factors of HBV infection and its co-infection with HDV and HCV in this area and design effective preventive programs.
Exopolysaccharides produced by cyanobacteria of Induced Biological Soil Crusts positively affect seed germination and seedlings fitness of desert shrubs, contributing to the restoration of desertified areas

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Biological Soil Crusts (BSCs) are complex, cyanobacteria-dominated microbial communities, commonly found in arid and semiarid areas of the world. The resilience of crustal organisms under constrained conditions such as drought and high solar irradiation is ensured by microbial-produced extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs), which also accomplish for a wide array of key ecological roles. Most notably, EPSs represent a huge carbon source that is directly available to heterotrophic organisms. As an essential component of dry land ecosystems, BSCs impinge on soil characteristics, water regimes, and establish two-way complex interactions with plants. The removal (or the immission) of BSCs in a given ecosystem can effectively shift the state of the ecosystem itself (Bowker, 2007) so that their induction on degraded soils is considered a feasible approach to maintain, and possibly amend, land fertility. In Hobq desert, Inner Mongolia, China, different experimental sites constituted by moving sandy dunes were inoculated with cyanobacterial cultures in different years (Chen et al., 2006). As a result, these sites provide a unique and valid study setting, at present characterized by the presence of induced BSCs at different developmental stages associated to grass and shrubs. Within this frame, this study was aimed at assessing the effects of cyanobacterial inoculation in terms of abundance of phototrophic microorganisms and of C pool increase. A special attention on the degradation processes of the microbial-released EPS was given by evaluating the enzymatic activities related with their degradation in the soil. Under laboratory conditions, the effect of the presence of cyanobacterial-produced EPS on seed germination, seedling-ion uptake, photosynthetic activity and oxidative system of Caragana korshinskii were also tested. C. korshinskii is a desert sub-shrub widely diffused in the area under study and was used as a model to assess the fertilizing potential of cyanobacterial-produced EPS towards vegetation growing in desert soils. Results showed that BSC induction resulted beneficial in enhancing SOC (Soil Organic Carbon) and in increasing the abundance of phototrophic organisms and vegetation cover. Notably, cyanobacterial-EPS resulted gainful to seedling growing and metabolism, contributing also a defensive effect against the damaging effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated under UV-irradiation, salt stress and desiccation. An improvement in photosynthetic activity and nutrient content of C. korshinskii seedlings, stimulated by cyanobacterial EPS, was also observed (Xu et al., 2013). In general, evaluated parameters confirmed the reliability of employing cyanobacteria to address land rehabilitation and improvement, pointing the attention on the key role played by cyanobacterial polysaccharides and their biofertilizing effect for the restoration of desertified areas
Quantifying physical activity in community dwelling spinal cord injured individuals

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose: To characterize physical activity of people using manual wheelchairs with spinal cord injury in Manitoba. Methods: An observational study of manual wheelchairs users with spinal cord injury. Participants completed surveys related to self-efficacy for exercise, physical activity participation, and shoulder pain. Accelerometers were worn for 7 days on the wrist and trunk (GT3X, 100 Hz, 5 s epochs) and completed an activity log concurrently. Individual specific thresholds were determined for moderate intensity during a pace graded wheeling trial. Physical activity and sedentary time were characterized using various derived variables. Results: Twenty five participants (12 tetra:13 para, 21M:4F) demonstrated excellent accelerometer adherence achieving an average of 6.2 days worn for over 13 hours per day. A total of 74.6 min (all activity) and 115 min (contiguous bouts of activity) were achieved over time worn (6.2 days), corresponding to 11.8 and 18.5 min/day respectively. The participants substantially exceeded the published SCI guidelines (40 min/week, P<0.01) but were under the able bodied threshold of 150 min/week (P<0.01). No relationships were observed between surveys and objectively measured PA. Characterization of PA bouts revealed few participants (n=7) exhibiting single bout durations greater than 10 minutes, with an average contiguous bout duration of 30 s. A new functional classification scheme revealed positive correlations to PA variables and wheeling performance. Sedentary times ranged from 6.25 to 8.4 hours per day depending upon accelerometer placement. Conclusion: Arm based accelerometry can be used to determine PA and sedentary characteristics of manual wheelchair users with individual specific moderate intensity thresholds. Participants exceeded the SCI specific activity guidelines in terms of time per week, and failed to reach bout durations of 20 min. This study supports the use of able-bodied PA guidelines as a target. A new functional classification scheme was derived based upon wheeling dependent muscle innervation that had enhanced prediction of PA relative to standard anatomical classification
Regulatory network of drug-induced enzyme production: parameter estimation based on the periodic dosing response measurement

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The common goal of systems pharmacology, i.e. systems biology applied to the field of pharmacology, is to rely less on trial and error in designing an input-output systems, e.g. therapeutic schedules. In this paper we present, on the paradigmatic example of a regulatory network of drug-induced enzyme production, the further development of the study published by Duintjer Tebbens \textit{et al}. (2019) in the Applications of Mathematics. Here, the key feature is that the nonlinear model in form of an ODE system is controlled (or periodically forced) by an input signal being a drug intake. Our aim is to test the model features under both periodic and nonrecurring dosing, and eventually to provide an innovative method for a parameter estimation based on the periodic dosing response measurement.
Environmental source of stress in livestock productivity - a study of Minna climate data

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Stress emanating from environment is a factor limiting livestock productivity in the Tropics because of elevated temperature year round; hence this study took a look at Minna climate data for evaluation of Temperature-Humidity- Index (THI) as a way of identifying climate source of stress on livestock production. Climate Normals for Minna between years 1961 and 2018 were obtained, and the data were analyzed using general formulae for calculating Temperature-Humidity-Index for livestock production. Relationships between production parameters on commercial farms and the THI data indicated that heat stress is a potential cause of oxidative stress in the area. The THI showed that the environmental conditions in the study area has potential for heat stress on animals, and that it can aggravate oxidative stress in livestock under production in the study area, hence there is need for further studies to identify the pathophysiological mechanisms of heat stress so as to develop mitigation strategies for improved animal performance and productivity. The study suggested that instead of the penchant for importing exotic breeds of livestock with the aim of upgrading the indigenous breeds, the way forward could be the utilization of genetic expression of heat and oxidative stress genes in animals as candidate markers for improvement of their productive potentials.
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis for the Comparison of Polish and Foreign Dentistry Students’ Concerns during the Covid-19 Pandemic

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: At the beginning of 2020, the worldwide infection of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) changed many aspects of human lives. The controlled lockdown was not only an obligatory lifestyle change to communities across the globe, but it was also an emotional struggle. The aim of the presented study was to identify and compare the main difficulties that final-year students (both Polish and foreigners) of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze Medical University of Silesia had to cope with during the first wave of the pandemic. Application of the biographical method in the form of essays written was done. Authors discussed the following issues: possible losses and benefits subjectively felt by individuals due to the COVID-19 pandemic, adaptation to online type of studying, students’ opinions regarding change of habits, and psychological impact of the lockdown. Students’ responses varied between groups in the aspect of what they considered as the biggest struggle of the pandemic time period. Adaptation to e-learning was easier for the group of foreign students. The Polish group considered it as a serious stress factor. Foreigners were much more worried about not being able to help their families in comparison to Polish students. Polish students’ fear was related to the fear of virus transmission to their older relatives. Both groups were aware of how serious the situation was and of the possible impact of lack of practical classes on their future internships. As benefits of that situation, both groups listed development of new hobbies and increased sport activities. The Polish group emphasized improvement of interpersonal bonds during the lockdown in their families. The main conclusion proved an awareness of the seriousness of the situation in which students of medical, especially dental faculties found themselves. Concerns were related to the form of further studies and the possibility of taking up employment after graduation. Polish students declared more intense concerns about e-learning and remote study than foreign-language students who were more familiar with this form of communication. A particularly valuable form of teaching for students may be increased numbers of online consultations, since even though they cannot replace practical classes, they may still be helpful in explaining doubts and simply “being there”. Encouraging young people to discover constructive benefits of the pandemic can also be one of a task-oriented strategies of help.
Underreporting of Alcohol-Related Mortality on Death Certificates of Young US Army Veterans

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We assessed the validity of death certificate data for alcohol-related mortality in a population-based follow-up study of young, male US Army veterans. In a random sample of more than 18,000 men who entered the service between 1965 and 1971, there were 446 postservice deaths through Dec 31, 1983. For 426 of these deaths, we obtained both the death certificate and all other available medical and legal records pertaining to cause of death. A nosologist recorded each death certificate in accordance with the ninth revision of the International Classification of Diseases. A medical panel, without having access to the death certificates, assigned underlying and contributory causes of death on the basis of a review of only the medical and legal records. The panel recorded 133 alcohol-related deaths, or more than six times the number (21 deaths) determined by the original death certifiers. Omission of elevated blood alcohol levels in deaths due to injury accounts for most of the underreporting of alcohol-related mortality on the death certificates. Our findings suggest that death certificate data grossly underestimate the contribution of alcohol to mortality, especially in the area of injury, and the validity of official vital statistics for alcohol-related deaths would be enhanced if death certifiers incorporated all available antemortem and postmortem diagnostic information.
The Fourier slice transformation of the Wigner operator and the quantum tomogram of the density operator

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Using the Weyl quantization scheme and based on the Fourier slice transformation (FST) of the Wigner operator, we construct a new expansion formula of the density operator ρ, with the expansion coefficient being the FST of ρ's classical Weyl correspondence, and the latter the Fourier transformation of ρ's quantum tomogram. The coordinate-momentum intermediate representation is used as the Radon transformation of the Wigner operator.
Coherent and Incoherent Contributions\nto Charge Separation\nin Multichromophore Systems

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In\norganic materials, exciton dissociation into free charges requires\novercoming an electron–hole Coulomb interaction that exceeds\nthe thermal energy and may still be large after charge transfer at\na donor/acceptor interface. We analyze the factors affecting efficiency\nof charge separation and subsequent removal of electrons and holes\nfrom such a donor–acceptor interface and suggest strategies\nfor optimizing these processes. Energy transfer, charge separation,\nand charge transfer in the vicinity of the donor–acceptor interface\nare studied within a common theoretical framework based on a quantum\nmaster equation, for a model system with realistic excitation energies\nand electronic couplings. We find that enhancing the efficiency of\nboth charge transfer from the donor to the acceptor and of charge\nremoval from the donor–acceptor interface requires an intricate\nbalance between the extent of electronic delocalization throughout\nthe material and rates of energy dissipation. For very large exciton\nbinding energies, cascade charge separation in systems with more than\none donor and one acceptor species, such as molecular polyads, is\nfound to greatly facilitate the dissociation of geminate pairs. Our\ncalculations predict charge separation on subpicosecond timescales\nfor several parameter combinations, leading to design principles for\nenhancing charge separation in multichromophore systems.
Where have all the children gone? : Decreases in paediatric emergency department attendances at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

On Wednesday, 11 March 2020, the WHO declared a global pandemic of COVID-191—the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019.2 While the body of knowledge around the virus and the disease it causes grows on a daily basis, relatively little is known about the course of COVID-19 in children and young people (CYP; defined here as those under the age of 16 years).3

If the epidemiology of the pandemic in the UK follows that of countries with similar demographics and healthcare provision, it is likely that the burden of disease will fall predominantly on older age groups.4 Although CYP can become infected with SARS-CoV-2, it appears that they are mainly asymptomatic or experience mild symptoms,3 resulting in a much smaller number …
Early juxtacortical osteosarcoma (parosteal osteoma).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An osteochondroma-like lesion represents the beginning of juxtacortical osteosarcoma. This may be differentiated from simple osteochondroma by the irregular development of masses of connective tissue, fibrocartilage, and osteoid, in and on the cartilaginous cap of the lesion, and also by the appearance of more than a minimal amount of connective-tissue stroma in the marrow cavity of the bony stalk.
Fast single-cell biochemistry: theory, open source microscopy and applications

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Fluorescence lifetime sensing enables researchers to probe the physicochemical environment of a fluorophore providing a window through which we can observe the complex molecular make-up of the cell. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) quantifies and maps cell biochemistry, a complex ensemble of dynamic processes. Unfortunately, typical high-resolution FLIM systems exhibit rather limited acquisition speeds, often insufficient to capture the time evolution of biochemical processes in living cells. Here, we describe the theoretical background that justifies the developments of high-speed single photon counting systems. We show that systems with low dead-times not only result in faster acquisition throughputs but also improved dynamic range and spatial resolution. We also share the implementation of hardware and software as an open platform, show applications of fast FLIM biochemical imaging on living cells and discuss strategies to balance precision and accuracy in FLIM. The recent innovations and commercialisation of fast time-domain FLIM systems are likely to popularise FLIM within the biomedical community, to impact biomedical research positively and to foster the adoption of other FLIM techniques as well. While supporting and indeed pursuing these developments, with this work we also aim to warn the community about the possible shortcomings of fast single photon counting techniques and to highlight strategies to acquire data of high quality.