jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Community acquired pneumonia-current scenario among immunocompromised patients in a tertiary care hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pneumonia is a common illness accounting for majority of hospitalizations worldwide with significant mortality and morbidity. Antimicrobial therapy, being the main stay of treatment, the choices of antibiotics depends on the nature of the etiologic agents and the host factors. The current study was aimed to identify the bacterial & fungal etiologic agents of Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) in Immunocompromised (IC) patients, with their antimicrobial resistant pattern and to analyze the associated immunocompromised states. Various respiratory samples from study group of 75 immunocompromised patients with features of pneumonia were collected, processed and the isolates were identified with their antimicrobial susceptibility& resistance pattern according to CLSI guidelines. The results were analyzed statistically. Diabetes mellitus is the most common immunocompromised state (48%) associated with CAP. Monomicrobial and polymicrobial infection rates were 80.36% and 19.64% respectively. Gram negative pathogens and fungal pathogens were identified in 60% and 25.37% of culture positive cases respectively. Diabetes mellitus is commonly found in association with polymicrobial infection (19.44%) and fungal infection (16.66%). Drug resistant strains comprise about 75% of MRSA strains, 72.72 % of ESBL producers and 3.44% of Amp C producers. As the number of elderly people with associated IC state is on rise, with change in the pattern of microbial etiologic agents causing CAP, a prior knowledge of the host and microbial factors will help in formulating empirical antimicrobial therapy and proper treatment thereby curbing the spread of infections by drug resistant pathogens and the associated morbidity and mortality.
New insights into the association between epizoic diatoms and the sea turtle Chelonia mydas: new Mastogloia taxon (Bacillariophyceae) from Iran

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two epizoic species of Mastogloia, one of them a new taxon, have been found for the first time growing on the carapace of sea turtle Chelonia mydas from the Strait of Hormuz (Iran). Before this work, taxa belonging to the genus Mastogloia had never been identified as epibionts of C. mydas. The cleaned material of diatoms, collected from turtle carapaces was studied by light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mastogloia hormuzensis sp. nov. is elliptical to linear-elliptical in valve view with rounded to slightly rostrate apices. Partecta are of different size and shape, with the larger one at the centre, and there is a very short partectal flange. The new epizoic diatom is unique in its morphology, and can be compared with Mastogloia exigua and M. pusilla, which show a similar combination of characters (e.g. the shape of areolae, type of partectal ring). Mastogloia hormuzensis sp. nov. fits into Hustedt’s species group Inaequales, to which it adds the feature of having a very short partecta flange. A second species, Mastogloia paradoxa, was also found living as epizoic for the first time.
Acute Septic Arthritis of the Hip Joint in Infancy and Childhood

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Forty-three children with 45 hip joint infections were admitted to the hospital between 1983 and 1988. The duration of symptoms was the single most important prognostic feature. Almost all children who were treated within four days of symptoms had a satisfactory outcome. Concomitant osteomyelitis of the proximal femur produced by far a worse prognosis than if the infection was confined to the synovium of the hip joint. In addition, patients whose hips were infected with Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were more likely to have a poor prognosis than those whose hips were infected with non-S. aureus bacteria.
Antigenic Pattern of Human Brain Glycoproteins as Described by Monoclonal Antibodies

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract: A battery of monoclonal antibodies was raised against a preparation of lentil lectin‐binding membrane glycoproteins from human brain. Out of 26 established hybrid‐omas, nine produced antibodies against the human Thy‐1 antigen. For the remaining 17 lines, reactivity with at least six other antigens could be identified after immunoprecipi‐tation and immunoblotting. Several of the antigens were di‐or trimeric, mainly in the molecular weight range of 60–120 kDa. Two of the antibodies were reactive with high‐molecular‐weight aggregates and four targets for the antibody reactivity were not identifiable by immunoprecipita‐tion of iodinated antigens. Three of the identified antigens were shown by quantitative enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay tests on various human tissues to be specifically expressed in the brain.
A Preliminary Analysis on the Connections between Entrepreneurial Strategic Orientation on The Growth of Small and Medium Size Hotels in Peninsular Malaysia and the Moderating Effect of Firm Strategy

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper provides a preliminary result of an analysis on the interface between Entrepreneurial strategic orientation, Firm Strategy and Growth of small and medium size hotels in Peninsular Malaysia. To test the hypotheses, 254 completed questionnaires from hotel representatives at managerial level were analyzed using regression analysis. The findings could not empirically support the hypothesized effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on the growth of small and medium size hotels. However, they confirmed the moderating effect of Firm strategy on the relationship between Entrepreneurial Orientation and small and medium size hotels’ growth. This endorses previous literatures that suggest the notion that firms with strong EO would need to have strong FS to achieve growth. Implications of the findings are discussed at the end of the paper.
Steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome and allergy: clinical studies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Department ofPaediatrics and Child Health, University ofLeeds and St James&apos;s University Hospital, Leeds MMARY Eighty-four children with steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome who had been shown to have, or were believed to have, minimal change histology were investigated to study the relation-ship between steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome and allergy. They were found to have a greater incidence of the standard atopic disorders-asthma, eczema, recurrent urticaria, and hay fever. Their 1st-degree relatives had an increased incidence of these atopic disorders too. A nasal discharge was a frequent precursor or an accompaniment of nephrotic syndrome, but an overt atopic disorder at the same time was rare. Such disorders, related to relapse, occurred in only 5 children; in none was it a consistent or recurrent happening at the time of each relapse. No example of pollen hyper-sensitivity nephrotic syndrome was found, and no particular allergen could be identified with certainty as responsible for a child&apos;s nephrotic syndrome. No association was found between the time of relapse and the season of the year, or the season in which the child was born. Children with nephrotic syndrome had a greater incidence of positive skin tests to common antigens, the com-parative frequency of positive reactions to different antigens being similar to that found in children with asthma, although the total frequency was about half that of children with asthma. Despite the
Temporal Trends and Disparities in Hepatitis-B Mortality in the United States Between 1999-2020: A CDC WONDER Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Aim To determine trends and disparities in hepatitis-B mortality in American adults older than 25 years between 1999–2020. Methods Retrospective analysis of CDC’s WONDER database was performed. For hepatitis-B, ICD-10 codes B16.0-16.2, B16.9, B17.0, B18.0, B18.1 were employed. Age-adjusted mortality rates(AAMR) and crude death rates(CDR) per 100,000 persons were determined. Average annual percentage change(AAPC) was determined using Joinpoint regression. Results 38,845 deaths were reported. AAMRs declined sharply from 1.12–0.87 between 1999–2004(AAPC:-4.45;p < 0.001) followed by a steady decline from 0.87 − 0.69(AAPC:-1.64;p < 0.001), resulting in an overall AAMR of 0.82(AAPC:-2.31;p < 0.001). Males had disproportionately higher AAMR(1.28) than females(0.41) and showed a greater decline(AAPC:-2.62;p < 0.001) than females(AAPC:-2.13;p < 0.001). Among races, non-Hispanic(NH) Asian/Pacific Islanders had disproportionately higher AAMRs(4.04) followed by NH Blacks(1.45), NH American Indians/Alaskan Natives(0.9), Hispanic(0.71), and NH Whites(0.55). All races saw declines in AAMR, with greatest decline seen in Hispanic(AAPC:-6.43;p < 0.001). Geographically, AAMRs were highest in West(1.17) followed by South(0.83). All census regions saw declines in AAMR, with greatest decline seen for Northeast(AAPC:-3.38;p < 0.001). Metropolitan areas had higher AAMR(0.84) than nonmetropolitan areas(0.59) and saw greater decline in AAMR(AAPC:-2.86;p < 0.001) than nonmetropolitan areas(AAPC:-0.55;p = 0.059). Of the 10-year age groups, CDR was highest for 55–64 years(1.46). The age groups of 25–34, 35–44, 45–54, and 55–64 years saw declining AAMRs, with greatest decline seen for 35–44 years(AAPC:-5.64;p < 0.001). However, 65–74, 75–84, and 85 + years saw an increase in AAMRs, with greatest increase seen for 85 + years(AAPC:1.12;p = 0.037). Conclusion We found a significant decline in hepatitis-B mortality, though persistent disparities exist. Elderly males, NH Asian/Pacific Islanders, residents of West and metropolitan areas experienced disproportionately higher mortality rates.
WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE AND WAIST-HEIGHT RATIO OF SCHOOL-GOING CHILDREN AGED 5 - 15 YRS. OF MANIPUR, A NORTH-EASTERN STATE OF INDIA AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH HYPERTENSION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUNDChildhood obesity is a precursor of metabolic syndrome in adulthood, characterized by hypertension and abnormal glucose metabolism.Waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio are an indicator of fat distribution in children and hence a useful predictor of cardiovascular risk.Objectives-To develop the waist circumference (WC) and waist height ratio (WHtR) percentile reference values of school going children aged 5-15yrs of Manipur, a north-eastern state of India and to look its association with hypertension. MATERIALS AND METHODSA prospective, cross-sectional study was performed in school going children aged 5-15yrs in different districts of Manipur.Height, weight, WC and blood pressure (BP) were measured in 2334 children (1241 boys).Elevated BP was defined as either systolic BP or diastolic BP >95th percentile.Sex-specific reference percentiles were computed which construct reference percentiles.WC of 70 th , 75th and 90 th percentile, WHtR of 0.5 cut off were tested for its association with hypertension. RESULTSAge-and sex-specific WC and WHtR percentiles (5 th , 10 th , 25 th , 50 th , 70 th , 75 th , 90 th , and 95 th ) are presented.WC values increased with age in both the boys and the girls.Statistically significant association of higher WC values with hypertension was shown in the overall age group and 10-15yrs group, but not in younger age group of 5-10yrs. CONCLUSIONSimple easily measurable parameters like WC and WHtR can help in a long way in identifying children with and at risk of developing metabolic syndrome.Further regional studies should be conducted to better define the reference standard of WC and WHtR of children.
Targetable Biological Mechanisms Implicated in Emergent Psychiatric Conditions Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

With SARS-CoV-2 InfectionSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in 2019 and then rapidly led to a pandemic with widespread cases of SARS and excess mortality.In response, mitigation efforts (including social distancing, quarantining, and closing of businesses and schools) have resulted in an unprecedented economic downfall.There is concern that these environmental stressors, augmented by psychological factors, such as loss of control, fear of death and dying, and isolation, are contributing to the emergence of psychiatric outcomes of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. 1Furthermore, coronaviruses may induce cognitive, emotional, neurovegetative, and behavioral dysregulation through biological mechanisms, including direct neuroinvasion and triggering of immune activation.Increasing evidence has linked immune activation with depression and suicidal behavior, and according to several large meta-analyses, anti-inflammatory approaches have demonstrated efficacy in treating depression. 2 Many infections involving hospital contact are predictively associated with suicide, and maximum behavioral effects can take more than 6 months postinfection to fully develop. 3This suggests priming of cellular immune substrates rather than immediate effects.Priming is defined as an alteration (most often enhancement) of subsequent responses by an initial stimulus and involves cellular morphological and physiological changes.Priming by immune activation that is triggered by infection (ie, first hit) may not necessarily induce persistent psychiatric syndromes in itself.Yet it may progressively increase sensitivity to common proinflammatory stimuli (ie, second hit), which include other mild infections, concussions, airborne allergen and pollutant exposure, and psychological stressors.In addition, coronaviruses seem capable of directly invading the central nervous system (CNS) 4,5 via neural and hematogenous routes.The neural pathways involve the transport of the virus to the CNS from the nasal cavity and rhinopharynx via the olfactory and trigeminal nerves and from the lower respiratory tract via the vagus nerves. 4The hematogenous neuroinvasion occurs via the bloodstream and encompasses 3 components dependent on which cell is infected by coronaviruses on their path toward the CNS.These include (1) leukocytes (predominantly monocytes) that serve as a vehicle of dissemination into the CNS, (2) endothelial cells belonging to the blood-brain barrier, or (3) endothelial cells of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier located in the ven-
Analysis of the 5s25p4-(5s5p5+5s25p35d+5s25p36s) transition array of trebly ionized caesium: Cs IV

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The spectrum of caesium was photographed in the 300-1240 AA wavelength region on a 3 m normal incidence spectrograph. The earlier analysis of the 5s25p4-5s5p5 transition array of Cs IV was confirmed. The 5s25p4-(5s25p35d+5s25p36s) transition array has been investigated. 41 of 48 levels belonging to the 5s25p35d and 5s25p36s configurations have been established. One hundred and two additional lines have been classified in this spectrum. Configuration interaction calculations involving all three odd parity configurations have been carried out to satisfactorily interpret the observed spectrum.
RANS/Laplace Calculations of Nonlinear Waves Induced by Surface-Piercing Bodies

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An interactive zonal numerical method has been developed for the prediction of free surface flows around surface-piercing bodies, including both viscous and nonlinear wave effects. In this study, a Laplace solver for potential flow body-wave problems is used in conjunction with a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method for accurate resolution of viscous, nonlinear free surface flows around a vertical strut and a series 60 ship hull. The Laplace equation for potential flow is solved in the far field to provide the nonlinear waves generated by the body. The RANS method is used in the near field to resolve the turbulent boundary layers, wakes, and nonlinear waves around the body. Both the kinematic and dynamic boundary conditions are satisfied on the exact free surface to ensure accurate resolution of the divergent and transverse waves. The viscous-inviscid interaction between the potential flow and viscous flow regions is captured through a direct matching of the velocity and pressure fields in an overlapping RANS and potential flow computational region. The numerical results demonstrate the capability of an interactive RANS/Laplace coupling method for accurate and efficient resolution of the body boundary layer, the viscous wake, and the nonlinear waves induced by surface-piercing bodies.
Local laser-induced solid-phase recrystallization of phosphorus-implanted Si/SiGe heterostructures for contacts below 4.2 K

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Si/SiGe heterostructures are of high interest for high mobility transistor and qubit applications, specifically for operations below 4.2 K. In order to optimize parameters such as charge mobility, built-in strain, electrostatic disorder, charge noise and valley splitting, these heterostructures require Ge concentration profiles close to mono-layer precision. Ohmic contacts to undoped heterostructures are usually facilitated by a global annealing step activating implanted dopants, but compromising the carefully engineered layer stack due to atom diffusion and strain relaxation in the active device region. We demonstrate a local laser-based annealing process for recrystallization of ion-implanted contacts in SiGe, greatly reducing the thermal load on the active device area. To quickly adapt this process to the constantly evolving heterostructures, we deploy a calibration procedure based exclusively on optical inspection at room-temperature. We measure the electron mobility and contact resistance of laser annealed Hall bars at temperatures below 4.2 K and obtain values similar or superior than that of a globally annealed reference samples. This highlights the usefulness of laser-based annealing to take full advantage of high-performance Si/SiGe heterostructures.
Estonia: A Model for Inter-War Europe?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

While Estonia's 1925 Law on Cultural Self-Government for National Minorities is often cited as a rare functioning example of Renner and Bauer's non-territorial autonomy scheme, there has until recently been comparatively little research on how the law operated in practice. This article analyses the institutions of German and Jewish minority self-government established in inter-war Estonia, arguing that (prior to the eclipse of democracy in 1934, at least) these possessed considerable depth and authoritative competence in the area of cultural and educational policy. Cultural autonomy did not resolve all outstanding points of division between state, majority and (in particular) Baltic German minority; nevertheless, it played a positive role in the regulation of ethnonational tensions. Even less well known is the international resonance of this unique law, which transnational minority activists argued should serve as a general model for the regulation of minority disputes. The League of Nations rightly questioned this claim, and the non-territorial autonomy model was scarcely applied beyond the Baltic region during the 1920s. However, it is still instructive to revisit the 1925 law today, at a time when several post-communist states have adopted minority rights legislation based on similar principles.
Classification results for three-dimensional (para)contact metric and almost (para)cosymplectic $(κ,μ)$-spaces

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

It is provided an overview of existed results concerning classification of contact metric, almost cosymplectic and almost Kenmotsu $(κ,μ)$-manifolds. In the case of dimension three it is described in full details structure of contact metric or almost cosymplectic $(κ,μ)$-spaces. The second part of the paper addresses three-dimensional paracontact metric and almost paracosymplectic $(κ,μ)$-spaces. There is obtained local classification of paracontact metric $(κ,μ)$-spaces, and almost paracosymplectic $(κ,μ)$-spaces, for every possible value of $κ$.
Soliton-induced singularities in 2D gravity and their evaporation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Positive energy singularities induced by Sine-Gordon solitons in 1+1\ndimensional dilaton gravity with positive and negative cosmological constant\nare considered. When the cosmological constant is positive, the singularities\ncombine a white hole, a timelike singularity and a black hole joined smoothly\nnear the soliton center. When the cosmological constant is negative, the\nsolutions describe two timelike singularities joined smoothly near the soliton\ncenter. We describe these spacetimes and examine their evaporation in the one\nloop approximation.\n
On Plurality Voting and Runoff Elections: Information Aggregation under Divided Majority

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This article compares Plurality Voting (PV) and two forms of Runoff Elections (RE) in a setting in which (i) there are two majority-preferred alternatives, (ii) a strong minority backs a third alternative which would make the majority strictly worse off, and (iii) some of the majority voters are uninformed about the "correct" majority alternative. I show that in the informative equilibrium in Majority Runoff Elections (MRE), uninformed majority voters vote randomly with strictly positive probability, achieving partial information aggregation, while they always abstain in Automatic Runoff Elections (ARE), achieving full information aggregation and strictly improving the majority's welfare. However, uninformed majority voters do not abstain in PV, resulting in less information aggregation than in both MRE and ARE.
Automated Vehicle Monitoring System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a system for data abstraction from the live videos that can be used in many real-world surveillances application.The system is designed to deal with security issue faced by many societies, offices, and other parking lot system.This paper addresses various issues by presenting proper hardware platforms along with real-time, robust, and innovative algorithms.The system is designed to identify the number plate of vehicle without any human effort.The system is designed in such a way that when a vehicle will enter in a society the license plate number will be detected and data base will be checked for the details of car if details are verified then car will be allowed to enter in the society or any other premises.We will use two Monochrome/Colour cameras for this process, one for detecting type of vehicle and other to extract license plate number.
[A Case of Orange-Induced Small Bowel Diverticular Obstruction Treated with Laparoscopically-Assisted Surgery].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report a case of orange-induced small bowel diverticular obstruction treated with laparoscopically-assisted surgery. A 64-year-old man was seen at the hospitalbecause of abdominalpain and vomiting after dinner. Abdominalcomputed tomography( CT)showed a small intestinal ileus. We performed laparoscopically-assisted surgery on the same day for definitive diagnosis and treatment. The postoperative course was uneventful. The pathological diagnosis was orange-induced small boweldiverticul ar obstruction. Food-induced smallbowelobstruction is rare disease, but often requires surgery. Laparoscopic surgery is an effective option for surgery of food-induced smallbowel obstruction.