jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Mesoporous Silica Using Amphoteric Surfactant Potassium and Sodium N ‐Dodecyl Glycine Template

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Mesoporous silica with hexagonal structure and Pm n cubic structure with an ordered and parallel arranged pore channel has been synthesized using potassium N ‐dodecyl glycine and sodium N ‐dodecyl glycine as template, respectively. Their ordered mesostructures were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, small X‐ray diffraction patterns, SEM, transmission electron muicroscopy, and nitrogen sorption analysis.
Image_6_Targeted Bisulfite Sequencing Reveals DNA Methylation Changes in Zinc Finger Family Genes Associated With KRAS Mutated Colorectal Cancer.JPEG

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer death, and early diagnosis of CRC could significantly reduce its mortality rate. Previous studies suggest that the DNA methylation status of zinc finger genes (ZFGs) could be of potential in CRC early diagnosis. However, the comprehensive evaluation of ZFGs in CRC is still lacking.</p><p>Methods: We first collected 1,426 public samples on genome-wide DNA methylation, including 1,104 cases of CRC tumors, 54 adenomas, and 268 para-tumors. Next, the most differentially methylated ZFGs were identified and validated in two replication cohorts comprising 218 CRC patients. Finally, we compared the prediction capabilities between the ZFGs and the SEPT9 in all CRC patients and the KRAS + and KRAS- subgroup.</p><p>Results: Five candidate ZFGs were selected: ESR1, ZNF132, ZNF229, ZNF542, and ZNF677. In particular, ESR1 [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.91] and ZNF132 (AUC = 0.93) showed equivalent or better diagnostic capability for CRC than SEPT9 (AUC = 0.91) in the validation dataset, suggesting that these two ZFGs might be of potential for CRC diagnosis in the future. Furthermore, we performed subgroup analysis and found a significantly higher diagnostic capability in KRAS + (AUC ranged from 0.97 to 1) than that in KRAS- patients (AUC ranged from 0.74 to 0.86) for all these five ZFGs, suggesting that these ZFGs could be ideal diagnostic markers for KRAS mutated CRC patients.</p><p>Conclusion: The methylation profiles of the candidate ZFGs could be potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of CRC, especially for patients carrying KRAS mutations.</p>
Dissolution Equilibrium and In Situ Growth of HMCM-49 in Aqueous-Phase Reaction

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Insufficient stability of zeolite is one of the key challenges for application of zeolites in aqueous-phase reactions. In long-term catalytic tests on hydrolysis of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether to ethylene glycol, we found that dissolution of HMCM-49 catalysts could lead to complete transformation to kaolinite. Existence of dissolution equilibriums of Si and Al was demonstrated. In situ growth of HMCM-49 occurred where Si concentration in bulk phase surpasses equilibrium value. This almost completely prevented dissolution and phase transformation of HMCM-49. Dissolution of HZSM-5 catalyst was different. A method by dissolving Si and Al in feed is proposed to solve the problem of zeolite stability in aqueous-phase reactions.
Biodegradable polymeric delivery systems for protein subunit vaccines

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The prevention and treatment of cancer and infectious diseases requires vaccines that can mediate cytotoxic T lymphocyte-based immunity. A promising strategy is protein subunit vaccines composed of purified protein antigens and immunostimulatory adjuvants, such as Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists. In this research, we developed two new biodegradable polymeric delivery vehicles for protein antigens and TLR agonists, as model vaccine delivery systems. This work was guided by the central hypothesis that an effective vaccine delivery system would have stimulus-responsive degradation and release, biodegradability into excretable non-acidic degradation products, and the ability to incorporate various TLR-inducing adjuvants. The first vaccine delivery system is a cross-linked polyion complex micelle which efficiently encapsulates proteins, DNA, and RNA. The micelle-based delivery system consists of a block copolymer of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(L-lysine), cross-linked by dithiopyridyl side groups to provide transport stability and intracellular release. The second delivery system consists of solid biodegradable microparticles encapsulating proteins, nucleic acids, and hydrophobic compounds. The microparticles are composed of pH-sensitive polyketals, which are a new family of hydrophobic, linear polymers containing backbone ketal linkages. Polyketals are synthesized via a new polymerization method based on the acetal exchange reaction and degrade into non-acidic, excretable degradation products. In addition, the technique of hydrophobic ion pairing was utilized to enhance the encapsulation of ovalbumin, DNA, and RNA in polyketal microparticles via a single emulsion method. Using in vitro and in vivo immunological models, we demonstrated that the micelle- and polyketal-based vaccine delivery systems enhanced the cross-priming of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The model vaccines were composed of ovalbumin antigen and various TLR-inducing adjuvants including CpG-DNA, monophosphoryl lipid A, and dsRNA. The results demonstrate that the cross-linked micelles and polyketal microparticles have considerable potential as delivery systems for protein-based vaccines.
[The ethics of health nudges: a discussion about their acceptability in public health.]

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In behavioral science, the term nudge refers to any aspect of decision architecture that predictably alters people's behavior to improve the chooser's own welfare without forbidding or significantly restricting their choices. Its promoters invoke libertarian paternalism, which means, on the one hand, that the behavior of the individual is guided without counting on his autonomy, but, on the other hand, that this form of influence does not reach the point of restricting freedom of choice when it is manifest. This paper analyzes the role of nudges in the field of health policies. A cognitive analysis of these nudges is carried out and are distinguished the clinical nudges (those that take place within the healthcare professional and patient relationship) from the public health nudges (specific to public health policies). The ethical aspects of both categories of nudge will be analyzed to point out some of their virtues and the ethical challenges they face. This study focuses in particular on public health nudges, to consider whether it is reasonable, and with what limits, their implementation in health crises (for example, pandemics). Analyzing that public policies face the dilemma between preserving freedom at the expense of health or, on the contrary, prioritize health to the point of limiting freedom. It is raised whether in this context greater restrictions on individual freedoms should be allowed (for example, through mandatory lockdowns and quarantines, imposed vaccinations, forced tests) or whether to use nudges as an intermediate solution and less harmful to individual rights to promote health measures.
α -Lipoic Acid-Plus Ameliorates Endothelial Injury via Inhibiting the Apoptosis Pathway Mediated by Intralysosomal Cathepsins in Vivo and Vitro Endothelial Injury Model

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract PurposeWe tried to explore the potential role of the α-Lipoic acid-plus (LAP) in endothelial injury in vitro and vivo models. Simultaneously, possible endovascular protective mechanisms of LAP were also investigated further. Methods In vitro , oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb) stimulating human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) simulated intimal injury. In vivo , carotid artery angioplasty injury was used to generate a model of rat carotid artery intimal injury (CAII). HUVECs and rats were treated with desferrioxamine (DFO) and LAP. ResultsIn experiment 1, we found that the expressions of Cathepsin B/D in endothelial tissue increased and reached peak point in 48 hours post rat CAII. In experiment 2, firstly, the protein levels of Cathepsin B/D, cleaved-caspase-3, Bax, Ferritin, Transferrin Receptor (TfR) markedly increased after CAII and reversed by DFO and LAP treatments. Besides, DFO and LAP treatments also reduced oxidative stress level and endothelial cells (ECs) necrosis of the damaged endometrium. In experiment 3, firstly, the protein levels of Cathepsin B/D, cleaved-caspase-3, Bax, Ferritin and TfR apparently increased post OxyHb stimulation, which were further aggravated by the addition of iron and decreased by DFO and LAP treatments. Moreover, DFO and LAP significantly ameliorated oxidative stress level, HUVECs injury, iron level, mitochondrial damage and were beneficial to maintain lysosomal integrity. Finally, LAP may have exerted more significant endovascular protective effects than DFO.Conclusions﻿LAP probably exerted endovascular protective effects via inhibiting the apoptosis pathway mediated by intralysosomal Cathepsins by chelating excessive iron in endothelial lysosomes post intimal injury.
Social Inclusion: Implementation, Outcomes and Key Learnings

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Government of India (GoI) approved the National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM) in June 2011 to implement a renewed demand-driven strategy of rural poverty alleviation and sustainable livelihoods, based on universal social mobilization, building community -managed institutions of the poor, and universal financial inclusion. The central objective of the NRLM is to 'establish efficient and effective institutional platforms of the rural poor that enable them to increase household (HH) incomes through livelihood enhancements and improved access to financial and public services.'
Weighted model spaces and Schmidt subspaces of Hankel operators

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

For a bounded Hankel matrix $\Gamma$, we describe the structure of the Schmidt subspaces of $\Gamma$, namely the eigenspaces of $\Gamma^* \Gamma$ corresponding to non zero eigenvalues. We prove that these subspaces are in correspondence with weighted model spaces in the Hardy space on the unit circle. Here we use the term "weighted model space" to describe the range of an isometric multiplier acting on a model space. Further, we obtain similar results for Hankel operators acting in the Hardy space on the real line. Finally, we give a streamlined proof of the Adamyan-Arov-Krein theorem using the language of weighted model spaces.
Black Cutworm Control on Golf Course Greens, 1984

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Tests were conducted at the Preston Country Club, Kingwood, WV. Entire greens ranging in size from 3,780 to 10,350 sq. ft. were used as test plots. Treatments were applied 17 Aug. Each treatment was applied to 2 greens with a Broyhill sprayer mounted on a Cushman vehicle. The average amount of spray used was 3.2 gal/1000 sq. ft. Greens were irrigated within 0.5 h after treatment with about 5 gal water/1000 sq. ft. There was no precipitation during the trial period. Rates of applications [lb (AI)/gal] were calculated on the basis of the amount of spray used for each green; intended rates (based on sprayer calibration and mixtures) were Baythroid 0.04 and 0.06, Cymbush 0.04 and 0.06, Pounce 0.05 and 0.2, FMC 54800 0.02, PP 321 0.04, and Triumph 1.0. Prior to treating and before mowing, all greens were examined for active cutworm burrows and the numbers recorded. Counts of active burrows were made in the same manner 3 DAT and the difference from pretreat counts are expressed as % control.
EGFR mutation testing in lung cancer: a review of available methods and their use for analysis of tumour tissue and cytology samples

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims Activating mutations in the gene encoding epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) can confer sensitivity to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as gefitinib in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Testing for mutations in EGFR is therefore an important step in the treatment-decision pathway. We reviewed reported methods for EGFR mutation testing in patients with lung cancer, initially focusing on studies involving standard tumour tissue samples. We also evaluated data on the use of cytology samples in order to determine their suitability for EGFR mutation analysis. Methods We searched the MEDLINE database for studies reporting on EGFR mutation testing methods in patients with lung cancer. Results Various methods have been investigated as potential alternatives to the historical standard for EGFR mutation testing, direct DNA sequencing. Many of these are targeted methods that specifically detect the most common EGFR mutations. The development of targeted mutation testing methods and commercially available test kits has enabled sensitive, rapid and robust analysis of clinical samples. The use of screening methods, subsequent to sample micro dissection, has also ensured that identification of more rare, uncommon mutations is now feasible. Cytology samples including fine needle aspirate and pleural effusion can be used successfully to determine EGFR mutation status provided that sensitive testing methods are employed. Conclusions Several different testing methods offer a more sensitive alternative to direct sequencing for the detection of common EGFR mutations. Evidence published to date suggests cytology samples are viable alternatives for mutation testing when tumour tissue samples are not available.
Battery management system for Li-Ion batteries in hybrid electric vehicles

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Battery Management System (BMS) is the component responsible for the effcient and safe usage of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) battery pack. Its main activity is to track the State of Charge (SoC) and State of Health (SoH) of the battery pack, as well as perform maintenance actions such as cell balancing and cooling to provide maximum lifetime for the pack.
This work reviews the development of a rigorous electrochemical model for a lithium-ion battery suitable for real-time monitoring, and explores one of the most recent techniques proposed by the literature that enables an accurate SOC estimation by means of an Unscented Kalman Filter. The
theoretical framework is accompanied by simulations supporting the validity of the chosen approach
Internet of things and pan-healthcares

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Internet of things is the result of the informatization.The purpose of the Internet of things is to let things speak.The health of both man’s body and the structures being used daily needs to talk urgently.A novel IoT architecture based on the deep machine-learning was proposed.The Internet of things through embedded depth learning,realizes the flow from the data stream to the streams of events,and then to the flow of knowledge the value stream.The core technology for IoT is prediction,protection and prevention.
Catalytic Enantioselective Addition of Terminal Alkynes to Aldehydes: Preparation of ( S )‐(‐)‐1,3‐Diphenyl‐2‐Propyn‐1‐ OL and ( S )‐(‐)‐4‐Methyl‐1‐Phenyl‐2‐Pentyn‐1,4‐Diol

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ( S )‐BINOL Indium bromide ( S )‐(‐)‐1,3‐Diphenyl‐2‐propyn‐1‐ol Dicyclohexylmethylamine Phenylacetylene 2‐Methyl‐3‐butyn‐2‐ol ( S )‐(‐)‐4‐Methyl‐1‐phenyl‐2‐pentyn‐1,4‐diol
Depression and Experience of Incarceration in North Central Nigeria: A Situation Analysis at Makurdi Medium Security Prison

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract

Background: Human rights watchdogs have described conditions in Nigerian correctional facilities and detention centers as damaging to the physical and mental health of inmates. While the prevalence of mental disorders is high, access to appropriate healthcare is grossly inadequate. Understanding the current state of prison inmates’ mental health and well-being is an essential first step to addressing this important issue. This study aims to document the mental health and experiences of incarceration of inmates of the largest medium security prison in Nigeria’s Benue State.Methods: A cross-sectional survey and descriptive analysis was carried out with a random sample of 381 prison inmates of Benue State Makurdi Medium Security Prison. Survey tools included: (1) a structured questionnaire on participants’ experiences in prison, and (2) the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), a screening tool for depression. Results: Most participants were young men (95.5%, mean age 27.95) and had completed secondary school (63.5%). While prison authorities had identified only 27 participants as having a mental disorder, 144 (37.8%) screened positive for depression. Twenty six had received professional counseling while in prison. Of the six participants who were already taking a psychotropic medication at the time of imprisonment, four received medication after being imprisoned. Approximately half, (52%) of participants were dissatisfied with prison health care. Conclusions: Despite the high prevalence of depression among prison inmates, few cases are detected and treated. Prison staff may not recognize depression as a mental disorder, and the mental health care available is generally poor. Inadequate mental health and social care not only affects prison inmates’ well-being, but may also impact recidivism and health outcomes upon release. Prison inmates should be screened routinely for depression and other less-commonly recognized mental health conditions, and appropriate treatment made available.
Technological innovation toward sustainability in manufacturing organizations: A circular economy perspective

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Technological innovation has been widely recognized both as a trigger and catalyzer towards sustainability. \nHowever, hardly ever manufacturing companies are ready and mature enough to employ \ntechnological innovations in their processes and business. Given the relevance of technological \ninnovation in pursuing sustainability, it is hard to comprehend what are the prominent factors \naffecting the role of technological innovation to address sustainability and prioritize them. Therefore, \nthe prime purpose of this study, applied to an emerging economy, is to analyze the contributions \nof technological innovation toward sustainability in manufacturing organizations with a \ncircular economy (CE) perspective. To address this objective, a questionnaire has been developed \nand conducted, also using the Grey VIKOR method and a sensitivity analysis. The findings from \nthe study illustrate that entrepreneurship direction towards innovation and market direction towards \ninnovation are the two potential factors of technological innovation towards sustainability. \nThe implications highlight that CE, sustainable education and stakeholder engagement solutions \ncan be crucial to the competitiveness of a developing country's manufacturing businesses.
Some microdeterminations for enzyme studies

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Some microdeterminations for enzyme studies Get access SHIGERU AKAMATSU SHIGERU AKAMATSU Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Biochemistry, Volume 39, Issue 2, May 1952, Pages 203–210, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a126287 Published: 01 May 1952
On the Viability of Conditional Assistance Programs

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Economic reform programs, including those supported by international financial institutions (IFIs), must cope with informational asymmetries and special interest politics. This presents a particularly serious issue when IFIs make structural economic reforms a condition for awarding economic assistance. This paper examines what conditions must be satisfied to make conditional assistance programs viable; that is, to assure that the assistance-receiving government not only takes the assistance but also implements reforms, without compromising the country’s political and the IFI’s financial stability. It is pointed out that tightly budgeted conditional assistance programs never bring about reforms, that the IFI’s cost of viable programs rise with the government’s dependence on political support from an interest group, and that unconditional assistance – while inferior to viable conditional assistance – remains an alternative when conditional assistance fails to be viable. JEL Classification: E61, F33, F34 *Mayer: University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Tel: 513-556-2618, Fax: 513-556-2669, E-mail: mayerw@uc.edu. Mourmouras: IMF Institute, Washington, DC, 20431; Tel: 202-623-5402; Fax: 202-5895402. Email: amourmouras@imf.org. ** Comments by Cem Karayalcin, Catherine Mann, T.N. Srinivasan, Devashish Mitra and other participants in the Conference on “Globalization: Prospects and Problems” in Honor of Jagdish Bhagwati’s 70 Birthday are greatly appreciated. Special gratitude goes to the University of Florida for hosting the event and to the conference organizers, especially Elias Dinopoulos.
Nghiên cứuchuyển hóa nhóm amino của 5‐amino‐7‐(cacboxymetoxy)‐6‐hydroxyquinolini‐3‐sulfonat

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Several reactions of 5‐amino‐7‐(cacboxymetoxy)‐6‐hydroxyquinolinium‐3‐sulfonate ( QNH 2 ), the new amino‐quinolin synthesized from eugenol, were carried out. The structure of the obtained products were determined by IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and HMBC spectra. The results show that: i) On heating with aromatic aldehyde, the amino group of QNH 2 was converted into OH‐phenol group; ii) QNH 2 was readily transformed into diazonium salt QN 2 + Cl ‐ , which was reduced by Na 2 SO 3 /HCl to give a new hydrazinoquinoline QNHNH 2 ; iii) In weak acidic medium QN 2 + Cl ‐ was lost HCl to form a new diazo compound QN 2 . A simple and effective method for synthesis of the diazoquinoline compound QN 2 was proposed.