jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
LINEAR AND NONLINEAR METHOD BASED DESIGN OF DATA FUSION ALGORITHMS FOR ADVANCED DRIVER ASSISTANT SYSTEMS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Data fusion can be defined as the processes of combining different types of sensor data into a common data type. Multisensor data fusion refers to the synergistic combination of sensory data from multiple sensors to provide reliable and accurate information. The challenge is how such huge data which is independently diverse can be fused. Hence there is a necessity for sophisticated and efficient data fusion techniques. Various approaches to address this problem have been found in literature and can be categorized broadly as a statistical method, generic Bayesian filter, and its derived filters, AI, deep learning, etc. In this paper, two different approaches and techniques to address the problem of sensor data fusion are presented and their comparative analysis is shown. Data fusion algorithms using a generic linear method (Kalman filter) and a nonlinear method (extended Kalman filter) have been designed in this work. Further, the challenges in a fusion of a variety of data, measured by different sensors, are addressed considering multiple-sensor-based autonomous vehicles as the application area for the current work.
Early environmental factors may have role in both Crohn's disease and gastric carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

EDITOR—Leon and Davey Smith report a geographical correlation between mortality from gastric cancer and infant mortality.1 We have reported a similar but opposite relation between mortality at birth and incidence of Crohn's disease, the incidence of the disease being highest in those countries where infant mortality is lowest.2

We believe that this reflects improvement in hygienic conditions with time, which, once reaching a threshold, become a risk for Crohn's disease. This may be …
RESEARCH ARTICLE Blood longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) relaxation time

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Object The goal of the study was to determine blood T1 and T2 values as functions of oxygen saturation (Y), tem-perature (Temp) and hematocrit (Hct) at an ultrahigh MR field (11.7 T) and explore their impacts on physiological measurements, including cerebral blood flow (CBF), blood volume (CBV) and oxygenation determination. Materials and methods T1 and T2 were simultaneously measured. Temperature was adjusted from 25 to 40C to determine Temp dependence; Hct of 0.17–0.51 to evaluate Hct dependence at 25 and 37C; and Y of 40–100 % to evaluate Y dependence at 25 and 37C. Comparisons were made with published data obtained at different magnetic field strengths (B0). Results T1 was positively correlated with Temp, inde-pendent of Y, and negatively correlated with Hct. T2 was negatively correlated with Temp and Hct, but positively correlated with Y, in a non-linear fashion. T1 increased lin-early with B0, whereas T2 decreased exponentially with B0. Conclusion This study reported blood T1 and T2 mea-surements at 11.7 T for the first time. These blood relax-ation data could have implications in numerous functional and physiological MRI studies at 11.7 T.
Motivation

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Despite being considered a key factor in language learning success, the research literature on language learning (L2) motivation has failed to make a meaningful connection between motivation and the specific dimensions and processes involved in second language acquisition (SLA). After presenting an overview of the current state of research on major L2 motivational theories and constructs, this chapter provides a view of motivation as a phenomenon that permeates every aspect of the SLA process. We make the case that researchers should employ current theoretical frameworks to design experimental studies that examine the quantitative as well as qualitative effects of motivation on and within the various socio-cognitive processes involved in learning an additional language. Such a motivation-learning interface can have substantial implications for L2 pedagogy.
Second Generation Hybrid Image-Coding Techniques

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recently, ways to obtain a new generation of image-coding techniques have been proposed. The incorpordtion of the human visual system (IIVS) models and tools of the image analysis, such as segmentation, are two defining features of these techniques. In this paper, an application of the new approach to the classical linear predictive coding (LPC) of images and an HVS based segmentation technique for the second genera-tion coders will be discussed. In the case of LPC, the error image is encoded using an image decomposition approach and binary image coding. This improves the compression ratio keeping the quality nearly the same. The new segmentation technique can be used in single frame image coding applications to obtain acceptable images at extremely high compression rates.
The structure of water–ammonia mixtures from classical and ab initio molecular dynamics

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The structure of aqueous ammonia solutions is investigated through classical molecular dynamics (MD) and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. We have preliminarily compared three well-known classical force fields for liquid water (SPC, SPC/E, and TIP4P) in order to identify the most accurate one in reproducing AIMD results obtained at the Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) and meta-GGA levels of theory. Liquid ammonia has been simulated by implementing an optimized force field recently developed by Chettiyankandy et al. [Fluid Phase Equilib. 511, 112507 (2020)]. Analysis of the radial distribution functions for different ammonia concentrations reveals that the three water force fields provide comparable estimates of the mixture structure, with the SPC/E performing slightly better. Although a fairly good agreement between MD and AIMD is observed for conditions close to the equimolarity, at lower ammonia concentrations, important discrepancies arise, with classical force fields underestimating the number and strength of H-bonds between water molecules and between water and ammonia moieties. Here, we prove that these drawbacks are rooted in a poor sampling of the configurational space spanned by the hydrogen atoms lying in the H-bonds of H2O⋯H2O and, more critically, H2O⋯NH3 neighbors due to the lack of polarization and charge transfer terms. This way, non-polarizable classical force fields underestimate the proton affinity of the nitrogen atom of ammonia in aqueous solutions, which plays a key role under realistic dilute ammonia conditions. Our results witness the need for developing more suited polarizable models that are able to take into account these effects properly.
Schedulability analysis for dual-armed cluster tools with mixed-processing of multi-variety wafers

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Wafer fabrication tends to small batch, and single wafer processing is effective in cluster tools. With the decrease of processes, redundant processing modules are adopted to improve the utilization of cluster tools. The scheduling of mixed-processing of multi-variety wafers should be developed for dual-armed cluster tools. Based on resource oriented Petri net model, we analyze the process by the traditional swap strategy, then wafer processing cycle time and robot cycle time are obtained. A theorem of the schedulability is achieved by analyzing the processing parameters of multi-variety wafers. The schedule is obtained by a scheduling determining programming. Finally, illustrative examples are presented to show the usage of the programming.
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome Associated with Persistently Normal Fasting Serum Gastrin Concentrations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 63-year-old man with a 2-year history of upper gastrointestinal ulcers was found to have the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Despite histologic verification of gastrinoma, several fasting serum gastrin concentrations were normal. However, in response to intravenous secretin infusion, a paradoxical increase in serum gastrin levels indicative of gastrinoma was seen. Although serum gastrin concentrations in patients with suspected gastrinoma may be persistently normal, provocative testing may be necessary to establish the diagnosis of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
Literacidad visual

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Palabras clave: Literacidad visual; pedagogía crítica; creatividad; interculturalidad; interdisciplinariedad This chapter proposes a theoretical-pedagogical framework to provide teachers and students of Spanish as a second language (L2) in different educational contexts with opportunities for the development, learning and application of visual literacy skills (VLS). Our goal is to propose a guide that orients the sociohistorical, interdisciplinary, and transcultural analysis of visual arts coming from the Spanish-speaking world in the Americas, Europe, and Asia, including its multilingual communities. In this chapter, visual art encompasses its two-dimensional expression (painting, photography, figurative poetry) as well as its integration into multimodal complexes (musical graphics) and multimedia (videos). We start with a definition of visual literacy (VL) and a specific identification of VLS. We continue with a reflection on the importance of VL in Spanish classes and we describe the general theoretical-pedagogical framework. Finally, we present concrete examples of how to apply the pedagogical framework for creative work in the classroom, in the museum (Burnham and Kai-Kee 2011), and in the community (Parra 2013). We offer a web page with a list of representative visual art works that touches on the issues relevant to today's youth (identity, family, cultural traditions, transatlantic and transcultural relations, sustainability, and social justice).
The Purāṇas as Repositories of Ritual Observances

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The chapter begins with the problems in excavating material from textual traditions—how they can lead us to the mind of the compilers. It also discusses the problems related to identifying women’s voices from male-centric texts. The genre, geography, and assimilative character of the texts is discussed. Oral modes of transmission and the need for genealogical histories in the form of vaṃśāvalīs are taken up. The chapter shows how Puranic texts emerge in the specific context of the early centuries of the Common Era when there was a crisis of patrons and patronage for Brahmanas, represented in their anxieties about the Kali age. The manner in which social ethics evolved, and the role of the king and the wife are all discussed.
Using a new hybrid conjugate gradient method with descent property

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The conjugate gradient method was an efficient technique for solving optimization problems. In this paper, we propose a new efficient (CG) coefficient bk, is computed as a convex combination of Salleh and Alhawarat algorithm and CG-Descent algorithm. We prove the sufficient descent condition and the global convergence of the proposed method. It is established that the ak satisfies the strong Wolfe line search conditions. The numerical results indicate that our method is robust and competitive.
Analysis of pyrolysis behaviors of biomass extractives via non-linear stepwise heating program based on Gaussian multi-peak fitting of differential thermogravimetric curve

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The thermal decomposition of extractives can yield additional products, resulting in a different final product distribution of bio-oil, especially for extractives-rich biomass. However, the thermal decompositon behavior of extractives themselves has long been ignored, but deserves deep investigation. Herein, the non-linear stepwise heating program based on Gaussian multi-peak fitting of differential thermogravimetric curve for biomass extractives was designed. Using this stepwise heating program, the pyrolysis process of different chemical substances in biomass extractives was effectively decoupled and systematically studied. As for water-soluble extractives, the evaporation of volatile substances, the thermal decomposition of water-soluble carbohydrates, phenolic substances, and nitrogenous substances proceed in sequence with the increase of temperature during the pyrolysis process. With regard to liposoluble extractives, the pyrolysis included the volatilization of endogenous substances and the thermal decomposition of different lipids into olefins. This work provides a systematic understanding of thermal decomposition process in the extractives of lignocellulosic biomass.
Cancer-Related Fatigue (2018–2022)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Systematic review briefs provide a summary of the findings from systematic reviews evaluated in conjunction with the American Occupational Therapy Association’s Evidence-Based Practice Program. Each systematic review brief summarizes the evidence on a theme related to a systematic review topic. This systematic review brief presents findings related to interventions addressing cancer-related fatigue in adults living with and beyond cancer.
Nanotwin and phase transformation in tetragonal Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)1−xTixO3 single crystal

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This work is a study of phase transformation in (001)-cut Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)1−xTixO3 (x=48%) single crystals by means of dielectric permittivity, domain structure, and in situ x-ray diffraction. A first-order T(TNT)-C(TNT) phase transition was observed at the Curie temperature TC≅518 K upon zero-field heating. T, TNT, and C are tetragonal, tetragonal nanotwin, and cubic phases, respectively. T(TNT) and C(TNT) indicate that minor TNT domains reside in the T and C matrices. Nanotwins, which can cause broad diffraction peak, remain above TC≅518 K and give an average microscopic cubic symmetry in the polarizing microscopy. Colossal dielectric permittivity (&gt;104) was observed above room temperature with strong frequency dispersion. This study suggests that nanotwins can play an important role in relaxor ferroelectric crystals while phase transition takes place. The Fe ion is a potential candidate as a B-site dopant for enhancing dielectric permittivity.
Developing a New Sensing Technology for Double-Stranded DNA Detection Utilizing Engineered Zinc Finger Proteins and Nanomaterials

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A specific double-stranded DNA sensing system is of great interest for diagnostic and other biomedical applications. Zinc finger domains, which recognize double-stranded DNA, can be engineered to form custom DNA-binding proteins for recognition of specific DNA sequences. As a proof of concept, a sequence-enabled reassembly of TEM-1 β- lactamase system (SEER-LAC) was previously demonstrated to develop zinc finger protein (ZFP) arrays for the detection of a double-stranded bacterial DNA sequence. Here, we implemented the SEER-LAC system to demonstrate the direct detection of pathogenspecific DNA sequences present in E. coli O157:H7 on the lab-on-a chip. ZFPs customdesigned to detect shiga toxin in E. coli O157:H7 were immobilized on the cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) chip, which can function as a non-PCR based molecular diagnostic. Pathogen-specific double-stranded DNA was directly detected by engineered ZFPs immobilized on the COC chip, providing a detection limit of 10 fmole of target DNA in colorimetric assay. Therefore, in this study, we demonstrated a great potential of ZFP arrays on the COC chip for further development of a simple and novel lab-on-a chip technology for detection of pathogens. Antibiotic resistance is a serious, and rapidly growing global threat. Here, we designed a novel screening method to detect antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in bacteria using a graphene oxide-based biosensor utilizing engineered ZFPs. Two-dimensional graphene oxide (GO) sheet possesses unique electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties. The quenching ability of GO can create novel methods for detection of biomolecules. Our approach utilizes quenching of fluorescence signal by GO in the absence of target ARGs, but restoring the signal in the presence of target ARGs. Quantum dot (QD)- labeled ZFP can bind to GO via stacking interactions of aromatic and hydrophobic residues in conjunction with hydrogen bonding interaction between hydroxyl or carboxyl groups of GO and hydroxyl or amine groups of the protein. Due to fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between QD and GO when they are in close proximity, fluorescence signal of QD-labeled ZFP is expected to be quenched. In the presence of target DNA, the bound DNA-protein complex is released from GO, restoring the fluorescence signal.
Introduction: getting emotional

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Over the last years, and encompassing the trend of the “emotional turn” in Anthropology (Lutz and White 1986; Leavitt 1996; Wulff 2007; Beatty 2013), research and publication on culture, heritage and emotions have multiplied (Thrift 2004; Crang and Tolia-Kelly 2010; De Nardi 2014; Waterton 2014; Crouch 2015; Tolia-Kelly, Waterton and Watson, 2016; Brenboim 2016; Smith, Wetherell and Campbell 2018, among many others). In fact, the field of heritage studies pioneered this approach in many ways...
Prey‐capture techniques and prey preferences of Habrocestum pulex, an ant‐eating jumping spider (Araneae, Salticidae) from North America

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The prey‐catching techniques and prey preferences of Habrocestum pulex (Hentz), ant‐eating jumping spider (Araneae: Salticidae) from North America, were studied in the laboratory. H. pulex uses prey‐specific, prey‐catching behaviour against ants. Ants, but not other insects, were consistently attacked head‐on. After attacking an ant, but not after attacking other insects, H. pulex kept its forelegs extended laterally and forwards without touching the ground. H. pulex feeds on ants in preference to other insects. Preference for ants and prey‐specific predatory behaviour do not depend on prior experience with ants. As in earlier studies of other ant‐eating salticids, three different types of tests for prey preference were carried out, using active, living prey: Type 1 (one type of prey presented to salticid at a time on alternate days); Type 2 (two types of prey presented to salticid simultaneously); and Type 3 (salticid feeding on one type of prey presented with alternative prey of another type). However, newly‐designed apparatus made testing more efficient. Preference for ants over other insects is shown not to depend on level of activity or any other cues from prey movement pattern: Type 1 and Type 2 tests were carried out using motionless (dead) lures, and again ants were taken in preference to other insects. Findings from this study are discussed in relation to recent findings on other ant‐eating salticids.
Some crack problems in off-shore & ship structures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The project was the investigation of the stress intensity of the crack tip where three materials were involved. The different types of cracks were also studied. First, understanding on the application of the finite element analysis, ANSYS, was verified using simple crack with one material. The results were then compared with the analytical results. Thereafter, three cases of crack were identified to carry out the research. In all the three cases, three plates of different materials were joined together and the first case was the centre main crack of one material with different materials joining top and bottom. In the second case, the crack was at the edge and the third case was two cracks located at centre horizontally with the distance ‘d’. The numerical results of three cases obtained were documented for the practical use of current engineering applications.
Interleukin-8 production and interleukin-8 mRNA expression induced by lipopolysaccharides fromPrevotella intermediaandPrevotella nigrescensin monocyte-derived macrophages

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Purpose: Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is an important mediator of immune and inflammatory reactions and is produced by a variety of different cell types. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) from Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens, the major causes of inflammatory periodontal disease, on the production of IL-8 and the expression of IL-8 mRNA in differentiated THP-1 cells, a human monocytic cell line. Methods: LPSs from P. intermedia ATCC 25611 and P. nigrescens ATCC 33563 were prepared by the standard hot phenol-water method. THP-1 cells were incubated in the medium supplemented with phorbol myristate acetate to induce differentiation into macrophage-like cells. Results: We found that LPS preparations from P. intermedia and P. nigrescens can induce IL-8 mRNA expression and stimulate the release of IL-8 in differentiated THP-1 cells without additional stimuli. Conclusions: There are no previous reports of the ability of P. intermedia and P. nigrescens LPS to stimulate the release of IL-8, and the present study clearly shows, for the first time, that LPSs from P. intermedia and P. nigrescens fully induced IL-8 mRNA expression and IL-8 production in differentiated human monocytic cell line THP-1. The ability of P. intermedia and P. nigrescens LPS to promote the production of IL-8 may be important in the pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal disease. (J Korean Acad Periodontol 2009;39:177-184)
Logarithmic systolic growth for hyperbolic surfaces in every genus

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

More than thirty years ago, Brooks [J. Reine Angew. Math. 390 (1988), pp. 117–129] and Buser–Sarnak [Invent. Math. 117 (1994), pp. 27–56] constructed sequences of closed hyperbolic surfaces with logarithmic systolic growth in the genus. Recently, Liu and Petri [Random surfaces with large systoles, https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.11428, 2023] showed that such logarithmic systolic lower bound holds for every genus (not merely for genera in some infinite sequence) using random surfaces. In this article, we show a similar result through a more direct approach relying on the original Brooks/Buser–Sarnak surfaces.