jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A33 Consideration about the Magnetic Polishing by End Mill shaped Tool at the Bottom of Micro Channel

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the present report, we focus on finishing of bottom surface on micro channel by magnetic polishing process with a ball-nose-shaped tool. The end milling and polishing processes were integrated with a desktop-sized machine tool. We investigated influences of polishing conditions on the amount of polishing, surface roughness, and mirror state for various groove shapes. Polishing condition for groove shape was determined based on experimental results on plane surface polishing. We implemented some experiments to evaluate influences of the condition on polishing effects of grooves. A proper polishing condition was derived from the experiments.
Longitudinal approach to poverty analysis: the latent class markov model

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of this work is the longitudinal analysis of the poverty phenomenon. In particular the attention is pointed out to the distinction between transitory and permanent poverty situations, which cannot be distinguished in a traditional cross-section analysis. The empirical analysis is performed by latent class Markov models: this approach interprets poverty as a latent variable and Markov chains are used to correct measurement error in panel data. These models are used in a specific territorial context and show a good performance in fitting observed data, due to the different possible definition of restrictions as characteristics of the process under examination.
Gas density balance versus flame ionization detector

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Comments are made on a paper by Lanser, et al., comparing the flame ionization detector with the gas density balance for quantitative gas liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis of a mixture of aldehydes and aldehydic esters. The suggestion that a gas density balance should be preferred to a flame ionization detector, according to our experience, is not very convincing and requires more supporting evidence.
An Efficient Image Encryption Using a Dynamic, Nonlinear and Secret Diffusion Scheme

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The growing use of tele This paper presents a new secret diffusion scheme called Round Key Permutation (RKP) based on the nonlinear, dynamic and pseudorandom permutation for encrypting images by block, since images are considered particular data because of their size and their information, which are two-dimensional nature and characterized by high redundancy and strong correlation. Firstly, the permutation table is calculated according to the master key and sub-keys. Secondly, scrambling pixels for each block to be encrypted will be done according the permutation table. Thereafter the AES encryption algorithm is used in the proposed cryptosystem by replacing the linear permutation of ShiftRows step with the nonlinear and secret permutation of RKP scheme; this change makes the encryption system depend on the secret key and allows both to respect the second Shannon's theory and the Kerckhoff principle. Security analysis of cryptosystem demonstrates that the proposed diffusion scheme of RKP enhances the fortress of encryption algorithm, as can be observed in the entropy and other obtained values. communications implementing electronic transfers of personal data, require reliable techniques and secure. In fact, the use of a communication network exposes exchanges to certain risks, which require the existence of adequate security measures. The data encryption is often the only effective way to meet these requirements. This paper present a cryptosystem by block for encrypting images, as images are considered particular data because of their size and their information, which are two dimensional nature and characterized by high redundancy and strong correlation. In this cryptosystem, we used a new dynamic diffusion technique called round key permutation, which consists to permute pixels of each bloc in a manner nonlinear, dynamic and random using permutation table calculated according to the master key and sub-keys. We use thereafter the AES encryption algorithm in our cryptosystem by replacing the linear permutation of ShiftRows with round key permutation technique; this changing makes the encryption scheme depend on encryption key. Security analysis of cryptosystem demonstrate that the modification made on using the proposed technique of Round Key Permutation enhances the fortress of encryption algorithm, as can be observed in the entropy and other obtained values.
Páni z Koldic a páni z Bergova na českém královském dvoře v 15. století

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Lucembourg court attracted several noble families that had a oportunity to get a good status by serving a king and also hold offices. For such a service were ideal loyal nobles of newly arrived noble families, who didn't own any property in Bohemia. Lords of Colditz and lords of Bergov also belonged to them. The king rewarded them for their loyal service by giving them fiefs (especially in north-west Bohemia: Krupka and Bílina). The Luxembourg dynasty enabled these noble families a social rise. Lords of Colditz were connected to royal court since their beginnings in Bohemia. On the other hand some of the lords of Bergov hold offices, but they didn't hesitate to leave the court at a convinient moment. More likely they participated in newly emerging estates. During the reign of Wenceslav IV. lords of Colditz remained faithful to him, on the other hand lords of Bergov belonged to the main figures of his opposition. At the same time they changed the royal fiefs (Bílina was bought by lords of Colditz) for allod (Trosky, Turnov, Chlumec upon Cidlina). During the Hussite wars lords of Colditz and lords of Bergov were the fundamental support of catholic party. The only exception was John of Bergov, who was captured after the battle of Lipany. Albrecht of Colditz, their son Thimo and nephew John were...
Revisiting Néel 60 years on: the magnetic anisotropy of $\mathrm{L}1_0$ FeNi (tetrataenite)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy of atomically ordered $\mathrm{L}1_0$ FeNi (the meteoritic mineral tetrataenite) is studied within a first-principles electronic structure framework. Two compositions are examined: equiatomic Fe$_{0.5}$Ni$_{0.5}$ and an Fe-rich composition, Fe$_{0.56}$Ni$_{0.44}$. It is confirmed that, for the single crystals modelled in this work, the leading-order anisotropy coefficient $K_1$ dominates the higher-order coefficients $K_2$ and $K_3$. To enable comparison with experiment, the effects of both imperfect atomic long-range order and finite temperature are included. While our computational results initially appear to undershoot the measured experimental values for this system, careful scrutiny of the original analysis due to Néel et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 35, 873 (1964)] suggests that our computed value of $K_1$ is, in fact, consistent with experimental values, and that the noted discrepancy has its origins in the nanoscale polycrystalline, multivariant nature of experimental samples, that yields much larger values of $K_2$ and $K_3$ than expected a priori. These results provide fresh insight into the existing discrepancies in the literature regarding the value of tetrataenite's uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy in both natural and synthetic samples.
Development of Deaf Students Batik Skills

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Deaf is someone who has a hearing loss, which causes hearing impairment to experience limitations in language, communication, and capturing information. With all the limitations experienced and the potential it has, the deaf child needs to be equipped with life skills and one of them is the skill of making batik. Research Objectives to: 1) describe the process of planning a batik skills training program; 2) describe the strategy of implementing batik skills coaching, and 3) describe the evaluation methods for developing batik skills of deaf students in Blitar City. This study uses a qualitative approach to the type of case study research. The study was conducted at SLB in Blitar City. Data was collected through interviews and observations, and analyzed using content analysis. The results of this study indicate that: The process of planning a batik skills training program is held in a meeting that discusses the identification of field needs and formulating learning objectives which are then compiled in a lesson plan that is aligned with K13; The strategy of developing batik skills in collaboration with batik artisans in Pakunden, the Wali Murid Circle of Friends, and the implementation of classes; The results of the work of developing batik skills are evaluated through the provision of appreciation in the form of participation in bazaars, exhibitions, competitions and also used as a uniform as a school identity. In this way, the interests of deaf children develop their skills.
An evaluation of kinetic effects in the DIII-D divertor

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Under certain conditions, high temperature electrons diffusing across the separatrix near the midplane can propagate to the divertor without collision and produce a high energy tail in the electron distribution function near the separatrix. The authors evaluate a kinetic criterion along the field using measurements from divertor Thomson scattering and compare temperature measurements from target plate Langmuir probes to estimate the magnitude of the high energy tail. A Fokker-Planck kinetic model, which includes electron-electron, electron-ion, electron-neutral, and charge exchange interactions is used to estimate the size of the high energy tail. For the cases considered, the authors found less than 1% of non-thermal particles near the target plate at typical densities and power levels for the DIII-D scrape-off layer plasma. ELMs violate the kinetic criterion.
Sleep in a 1‐year diary from the mid‐18th century

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Summary A 1‐year systematic diary was kept by an anonymous diarist in Hamburg in the year 1755–1756. Sleep, activities, food intake, urine volume, and meteorological data were documented daily. The systematic recording of sleep and naps, with an accuracy of a quarter of an hour allowed analysis of the placement, duration, and consistency of sleep. The mean (range) night sleep duration was 6 (3–9) h. The distribution of sleep interruptions showed two peaks, short (≤30 min) and long (≥45 min) interruptions. The latter indicted nights with segmented sleep. Time in bed was subject to strong seasonal variations. Bedtime and rise time were earlier in summer than in winter and sleep latency was shorter in summer than in winter. However, sleep duration displayed a large spread in all seasons and did not differ substantially between summer and winter. Seasonal variations of sleep timing were related to the varying daylight hours during the year. Finally, the results of this individual case may prompt a more detailed investigation of the variability of sleep behaviour in the pre‐industrial period.
Changing educational inequalities in india in the context of affirmative action

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Indian society suffers from substantial inequalities in education, employment, and income based on caste and ethnicity. Compensatory or positive discrimination policies reserve 15% of the seats in institutions of higher education and state and central government jobs for people of the lowest caste, the Scheduled Caste; 7.5% of the seats are reserved for the Scheduled Tribe. These programs have been strengthened by improved enforcement and increased funding in the 1990s. This positive discrimination has also generated popular backlash and on-the-ground sabotage of the programs. This paper examines the changes in educational attainment between various social groups for a period of nearly 20 years to see whether educational inequalities have declined over time. We use data from a large national sample survey of over 100,000 households for each of the four survey years—1983, 1987–1988, 1993–1994, and 1999–2000-andfocus on the educational attainment of children and young adults aged 6–29. Our results show a declining gap between dalits, adivasis, and others in the odds of completing primary school. Such improvement is not seen for Muslims, a minority group that does not benefit from affirmative action. We find little improvement in inequality at the college level. Further, we do not find evidence that upper-income groups, the so-called creamy layer of dalits and adivasis, disproportionately benefit from the affirmative action programs at the expense of their lower-income counterparts.
APPLICATION OF DNA BARCODING TO APHIDINEA(INSECTA,HEMIPTERA)STUDIES

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

DNA barcoding system for animal based upon sequence diversity in cytochrome c oxidase subunit Ⅰ(COⅠ),it brings a flourish to taxonomy.Aphids as a group which still has many morphological problems would be a good material for DNA barcoding.This paper summarized the progress of DNA barcode worldwide.Meanwhile,the future of applying DNA Barcoding to aphid's taxonomy was expected,and there lies its potential value.DNA barcodes can identify aphid species quickly,assign polymorph to known species,and reveal cryptic species.In addition,DNA sequence diversity can reflect the phylogenic relationships of aphids.And relationship between aphids and their host plants at the intra-specific level or the geographic distributions and recent speciation events of aphids can be discussed according to these phylogenetic relationships
Adsorption on folded and unfolded protein molecules and its biological significance

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The interaction of the protein molecule with substances of biological interest was studied. An increase of adsorption of dyes was found when the polypeptide chain unfolded. Several different methods were used: direct measurement of adsorption on to collapsed protein monomolecular layers, and on to heat-coagulated protein; and the change in the "indicator error" of serum albumin after heat-denaturation, the error with some indicators even reversing in sign. For the preparation of weighable amount of collapsed monolayers, a simple apparatus called the "inversion tube" was devised. Evidence was presented that, in the amoeba, protein molecules unfold at one end of the cell and refold at the other, and that this results in cytoplasmic streaming, amoeboid movement and osmotic work. This hypothesis was supported by tests on the amoeba?s accumulatory mechanism for dyes, and its behaviour towards injected adenosine triphosphate, and towards anaesthetics. (1) Amoebae streaming in neutral red solution accumulated the dye at the rear end of the cell as would happen if unfolded proteins with adsorbed dye folded up there and shed the dye. (2) Microinjection of adenosine triphosphate caused contraction and liquefaction of the amoebas cortical gel, which thus closely parallels actomyosin. Contraction and liquefaction occurred continuously in the amoeba's tail (which was found to be a relatively permanent part of the cell) suggesting a ready chemical interpretation The anticoagulant heparin when injected prevented the gelling of the amoeba's plasmasol. (3) A wide range or volatile lipophilic substances, includin gmany anaesthetics, reversibly expanded the area of the amoebas plasma membrane so that it lifted outwards from the granular cytoplasm, except at the tail. This reflects the high surface pressure and collapse of the plasma membrane in the tail. The part that the folding and unfolding of proteins may play in osmotic work, amoeboid movement, cell division, cytoplasmic streaming in general, rhythmic sol-gel changes, anaesthesia and the mechanism of response to touch was discussed, and its possible application in other fields was indicated.<p>
Alterations in Hepatic 5'-Nucleotidase in theTumor-Bearing Rat

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The effect of the growth of the Walker 256 carcinoma on the level of 5'-nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase in the whole liver and in an isolated hepatocyte membrane preparation of its host was investigated. Alkaline phosphatase activities of whole liver and plasma membrane were increased approximately 5-fold by tumor growth. A 50% decrease in whole liver 5'-nucleotidase activity was observed in tumor-bearing rats while the 5'-nucleotidase activity per milligram membrane protein was unaltered. Tumor growth would therefore appear to affect a pool of 5'-nucleotidase which is not associated with the plasma membrane.
Presence of mismatches between diagnostic PCR assays and coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 genome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; initially named as 2019-nCoV) is responsible for the recent COVID-19 pandemic and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the current standard method for its diagnosis from patient samples. This study conducted a reassessment of published diagnostic PCR assays, including those recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), through the evaluation of mismatches with publicly available viral sequences. An exhaustive evaluation of the sequence variability within the primer/probe target regions of the viral genome was performed using more than 17 000 viral sequences from around the world. The analysis showed the presence of mutations/mismatches in primer/probe binding regions of 7 assays out of 27 assays studied. A comprehensive bioinformatics approach for in silico inclusivity evaluation of PCR diagnostic assays of SARS-CoV-2 was validated using freely available software programs that can be applied to any diagnostic assay of choice. These findings provide potentially important information for clinicians, laboratory professionals and policy-makers.
[A study on preoperative administration of doxifluridine in carcinoma of the colon and rectum].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The usefulness of preoperative administration of Doxifluridine (5'-DFUR) for treating carcinoma of the colon and rectum was studied through a determination of 5-FU concentration in carcinoma, normal intestine, serum and lymph nodes concerned. 1,200 mg/day of 5'-DFUR was administrated orally to 16 patients with carcinoma of the colon and rectum over four days before surgery, and the specimens obtained by resecting the carcinoma were subjected to the mass spectrometry using a gas chromatography to determine 5-FU concentrations. The time needed for collection of the specimen from the final administration of 5'-DFUR was 3.0 to 20.5 hours (10.7 +/- 6.6 hrs). 5-FU concentrations were as follows: 75.8 +/- 61.2 ng/g in the carcinoma, 39.9 +/- 63.5 ng/g in the normal intestine and 26.8 +/- 52.4 ng/g in the lymph nodes concerned, which were significantly high as compared to serum level of 2.3 +/- 4.9 ng/ml (p less than 0.05). Further, a high level of 90.1 +/- 29.3 ng/g (n = 6) of the carcinoma was sustained even at 12 hours or more since final administration of 5'-DFUR. In view of histological patterns, the levels were 139.5 +/- 69.5 ng/g (n = 5) in well differentiated carcinoma and 46.9 +/- 27.4 ng/g (n = 11) in moderately differentiated carcinoma, the level being significantly high in the former (p less than 0.05). A histologic therapeutical effect was shown in one out of 16 cases, with the improvement that remained the score to grade 1. This was deemed due to the small dosage and a short duration of 5'-DFUR.
The Vote on DSM-IV

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

To the Editor.—

In the September 1988 issue of theArchives, Spitzer and Williams1announced a "request for proposals" that would contribute to the development ofDSM-IV. They then presented a research strategy in which the proposals might be structured. I offer an alternative but not mutually exclusive suggestion. One of the lingering controversies surroundingDSM-III, and likely to surround its offspring, is the dissatisfaction many researchers and clinicians have with our entire classification system and the conceptual framework that system implies. For example, our classification of psychoses is essentially that of Kraepelin2: there are two major disorders, one characterized by mood changes and minimal chronicity, and one characterized by deficits in affect, volition, and thinking and significant chronicity. We have modified this basic theme by providing alternative labels, such as delusional disorder, brief reactive psychosis, and schizoaffective disorder. However, few investigators are satisfied with these modifications.
Integrated Disease Surveillance to Reduce Data Fragmentation – An Application to Malaria Control

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The lack of access to timely health indicators can preclude the design and the effective implementation of infectious diseases control interventions. Our project aims to foster the integration of existing surveillance data to support evidence-based decision-making in malaria. The cornerstone of our approach is the use of a common knowledge platform to scale-up and extend structural and semantic mapping across existing data sources to other geographical regions and global health priority diseases. Upon completion of our project, we will have designed an open-access prototype system capable of sharing comparable surveillance data within and across countries
Neonatal (+)-methamphetamine exposure in rats alters adult locomotor responses to dopamine D1 and D2 agonists and to a glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist, but not to serotonin agonists

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Neonatal exposure to (+)-methamphetamine (Meth) results in long-term behavioural abnormalities but its developmental mechanisms are unknown. In a series of experiments, rats were treated from post-natal days (PD) 11–20 (stage that approximates human development from the second to third trimester) with Meth or saline and assessed using locomotor activity as the readout following pharmacological challenge doses with dopamine, serotonin and glutamate agonists or antagonists during adulthood. Exposure to Meth early in life resulted in an exaggerated adult locomotor hyperactivity response to the dopamine D1 agonist SKF-82958 at multiple doses, a high dose only under-response activating effect of the D2 agonist quinpirole, and an exaggerated under-response to the activating effect of the N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist, MK-801. No change in locomotor response was seen following challenge with the 5-HT releaser p-chloroamphetamine or the 5-HT2/3 receptor agonist, quipazine. These are the first data to show that PD 11-20 Meth exposure induces long-lasting alterations to dopamine D1, D2 and glutamate NMDA receptor function and may suggest how developmental Meth exposure leads to many of its long-term adverse effects.
Studies on the Thermophilic Actinomycetes

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A total of 1,000 isolates of thermophilic actinomycetes representing two genera, Streptomyces and Thermoactinomyces , were studied. Media for cultivation and for physiological studies were designed. Differences between the two genera are noted and taxonomic criteria for the genus Thermoactinomyces are suggested. The importance of the nutritional environment to the thermophilic habit is noted.