jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Asymptotic Analysis of MIMO Multi-Cell Full-Duplex Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We study a multi-cell multi-user MIMO full-duplex network, where each base station (BS) has multiple antennas with full-duplex capability supporting single-antenna users with either full-duplex or half-duplex radios. We characterize the up- and downlink ergodic achievable rates for the case of linear precoders and receivers. The rate analysis includes practical constraints, such as imperfect self-interference cancellation, channel estimation error, training overhead, and pilot contamination. We show that the $2\times $ gain of full duplex over half-duplex system remains in the asymptotic regime, where the number of BS antennas grows infinitely large. We numerically evaluate the finite SNR and antenna performance, which reveals that full-duplex networks can use significantly fewer antennas to achieve spectral efficiency gain over the half-duplex counterparts. In addition, the overall full-duplex gains can be achieved under realistic 3GPP multi-cell network settings despite the increased interference introduced in the full-duplex networks.
Authentic leadership moments: A mindful inquiry

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to illuminate leaders' lived experience of authentic leadership moments—those moments when leaders respond with increased authenticity, despite the challenges they face. The literature on authenticity, transformative learning, leadership, and Buddhism provided useful insights into this phenomenon. Using a mindful inquiry method focusing on phenomenology, hermeneutics, and Buddhism (Bentz & Shapiro, 1998), 10 participants were interviewed about their experience of authentic leadership moments. Five phenomenological themes were identified: (a) abiding in ambiguity, (b) listening to the body, (c) opening to possibilities, (d) communicating with honesty and vulnerability, and (e) acting with integrity and courage. Descriptions of participants' inauthentic moments helped enhance the understanding of these themes and clarified the experience of authentic moments. Prior to the moment itself, leaders faced situational and personal challenges, acknowledged their fear and hesitation, made a commitment or decision to work with the challenge(s), and prepared for the moment in a variety of ways. The analysis also showed that after the moment, leaders experienced a positive impact on their self-esteem, their relationships, and the organizations they served.
Funding for HIV and non-communicable diseases: implications for priority setting in the Pacific region

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

There has been increasing global interest in documenting funding flows for health, but none of that work has focused on the Pacific region. This paper outlines external funding for two specific areas of overseas development assistance (ODA) for health in the region—HIV/AIDS and non-communicable diseases (NCDs)—during 2002-09. These are compared to the comparative disease burdens, and some initial thoughts are presented on the dynamics of setting donor health priorities in the Pacific. Methods: Empirical data on development partner aid funding were accessed through a review of web sites, annual reports, published data, funding proposals and other publicly available documentation of donor country aid agencies, multilateral agencies and programs and that of recipient governments. The document review was supplemented by 27 key informant interviews to verify and clarify the available data. Interviewees were drawn mainly from bilateral and multilateral agencies active in the Pacific and researchers working in the field. The HIV component was commissioned work for the Commission on AIDS in the Pacific. Results: Despite much higher mortality rates from NCDs, external funding for HIV is higher than for NCDs. From 2002 to 2009, funding totalled US$68,481,730 for HIV and US$32,910,778 for NCDs. External assistance for HIV activities in the Pacific in 2009 was more than US$18 million, while funding for NCDs in the same year was almost US$12 million. Conclusions: Despite cooperation from many agencies, the funding data were difficult to gather, highlighting the need for greater transparency of funding information and more thorough record keeping. The external funding does not align with the disease and mortality figures, and further interviews suggested that donor funding decisions in the region are driven not by local priorities but by factors including a strong global HIV community, the commitment to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the lack of coherence in the way NCDs are presented to policy makers. Image: Papuan AIDS sign, *TreMichLan* / Flickr
[Characteristics of pulmonary cancer metastasis to thoracic lymph nodes in primary tumor (T1)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The characteristic features of primary T1 tumor metastasis to the intrathoracic lymph nodes were studied in specimens removed during surgical treatment of 404 patients with lung carcinoma. Regional metastases were detected in 31.9% of cases. The frequency of metastases in central carcinoma was determined by the level of involvement of the bronchus. The percentage of affection of the regional collectors was highest in patients with small-cell carcinoma. It is shown that in primary T1 lung carcinoma not only the bronchopulmonary and root but also the tracheobronchial lymph must be removed and examined immediately during the operation.
The Effects of Experience, Choice Architecture, and Cognitive Reflection in Individual and Strategic Decisions

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Cognitive reflection has been shown to be an important trait which is correlated with the propensity to: take risks, delay gratification, and form accurate beliefs about others’ behavior. However, previous research has not cleanly identified whether reflective thinkers make ‘better’ decisions than intuitive thinkers, since inferences of decision quality are confounded by inferences regarding risk preferences, time preferences, and beliefs. We directly test for differences in decision quality between reflective thinkers and intuitive thinkers in both individual and strategic decisions using a design which makes it possible to objectively rank risky and strategic choices, independent of one’s attitudes toward risk or one’s beliefs about the strategic sophistication or altruism of other decision makers. Employing a lottery choice task involving a dominant and a dominated alternative, and implementing multiple rounds of a second price auction, we find that the tendency to cognitively reflect has strong predictive power across domains (reasoning tasks, choices between lotteries, bidding behavior in auctions), and across time (as the tasks were administered on separate dates). In particular, the same subjects who engaged in reflective thinking on simple reasoning problems were also more likely to choose optimally in the lottery choice task and to bid closer to the dominant strategy equilibrium in second price auctions. We also find that experience helps to narrow the gap in performance between reflective and intuitive thinkers.
Terapia ocupacional, saberes e fazeres

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The field of knowledge of Occupational Therapy is diversified and expanding. This book addresses several themes inherent in the profession from different theoretical and empirical perspectives. Organized by occupational therapy teachers from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), the book consolidates the scientific production of different authors and is organized around current themes presented to Occupational Therapy: professional education, health-related approaches and actions, as well as different approaches focusing on the socio-cultural perspectives of the profession. Some texts addressing the history of Occupational Therapy at UFRJ complement the work. The wide scope and diversity of this book are ensured in chapters that report experiences associated with university extension, research, and undergraduate teaching; address Occupational Therapy in the hospital, Occupational Health, Mental Health, and Psychosocial Care settings; emphasize the professional/cultural interface, social issues, and territorial and socio-community approaches; bring ethnic-racial and gender discussions. Finally, the history of the Occupational Therapy course at UFRJ is covered in the last three chapters: the struggling trajectory to establish the course is addressed in the first of these chapters; the second reports how the course has expanded since its first years; the third brings the path to consolidation of the Occupational Therapy service at the university hospital. This book, which is based on successful experiences and current scientific production, will certainly provide its readers with important reflections.
RESULTS OF TREATMENT OF URETERO‐PELVIC JUNCTION OBSTRUCTION1

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY A series of 121 patients who have undergone uretero‐pelvic plastic procedures of various types have been reviewed. We performed the Anderson‐Hynes operation, the Foley Y‐plasty, the intubated ureterotomy of Davis, the unintubated ureterotomy of Casey and other procedures. In our practice the results in the first three procedures mentioned have been superior to all the others. Good and improved results were obtained in 81.9 per cent. of the cases, failures accounted for 18.1 per cent., nephrectomy was found necessary in 4.1 per cent. of the cases.
Efficacy and tolerability of an oral supplement containing amino acids, iron, selenium, and marine hydrolyzed collagen in subjects with hair loss (androgenetic alopecia, AGA or FAGA or telogen effluvium). A prospective, randomized, 3‐month, controlled, assessor‐blinded study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Oral supplementation with some amino acids (like methionine, taurine, and cysteine) could be useful in subjects with hair loss conditions such as androgenic alopecia (AGA or FAGA) or telogen effluvium (TE). Hydrolysed collagen (HC) oral supplementation has demonstrated to have beneficial effects on nail and skin health and could improve hair growth. A food supplement in tablet formulation containing hydrolysed fish‐origin collagen (300 mg/dose), taurine, cysteine, methionine, iron, and selenium has been recently available. To date no controlled data are available regarding the clinical efficacy of this product as adjuvant to hair loss specific treatments in these clinical conditions. Study aims To evaluate and compare the efficacy and tolerability of an oral supplementation based on HC and amino acids in subjects with hair loss due to AGA/FAGA or chronic TE in combination with drug treatments in comparison with drug treatments alone. Methods and subjects In a prospective, 12‐week, randomized, assessor‐blinded controlled trial 83 subjects (mean age 41 ± 16 years; 26 men and 57 women) were enrolled in the study. Fifty‐nine subjects suffered from AGA/FAGA (Hamilton I‐VA, Ludwig I‐1, II‐2) and 24 from chronic TE. Subjects were randomized to oral supplementation (1 tablet day) in combination with the specify drug treatment decided by the investigator according to the type of hair loss (AGA/FAGA or TE) (Group A; N = 48) or to specific drugs treatment only (Group B; N = 35). The main outcome of the trial was the clinical efficacy evaluation using a 7‐point global assessment score (GAS) (from +3: Much Improved to ‐3 Much worsened; with score 0 representing no modification). The GAS score was evaluated using standardized photographs by an investigator unaware of the treatment groups at week 6 and at week 12. A secondary outcome was the evaluation of acceptability of the treatment regimen using a 10‐point evaluation score. Results Seventy‐six participants (91.6%) completed the 12‐week study period. The GAS score at week 6 was 0.5 ± 0.2 in group A and 0.0 ± 0.1 in Group B ( p < 0.05; Mann‐Whitney). At week 12 the GAS score in Group A was statistically significant higher in comparison with Group B (1.67 ± 0.16 and 0.66 ± 0.20, p < 0.001; Mann–Whitney test). A higher percentage of Group A subjects achieved a GAS score of ≥2 in comparison with group B (50% vs. 23%). The oral supplement was generally well tolerated. Conclusion An oral supplement containing hydrolysed fish‐origin collagen, taurine, cysteine, methionine, iron, and selenium has demonstrated to improve the clinical efficacy of specific anti‐hair loss treatments in subjects with AGA/FAGA or chronic TE.
Perioperative Repercussions of Cannabis Use-Implications for GI Endoscopy Sedation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The legalization of cannabis in multiple U.S. states and several other countries, along with its increasing social acceptance across diverse demographic and socioeconomic groups, has led to a growing number of patients presenting for interventional procedures with a history of cannabis use. Although anesthetic and sedation-related implications may be less pronounced than in major surgery, they remain clinically relevant and warrant careful consideration. Key factors include acute intoxication, chronic use, and cannabis use disorder. Cannabis users often require higher-and sometimes unpredictable-doses of propofol and other sedatives. Inhalational use is associated with airway hyperreactivity, increasing the risk of bronchospasm and, in severe cases, life-threatening laryngospasm. Acute intoxication may also impair the patient's ability to provide informed consent. Cardiovascular manifestations, including tachycardia, hypertension, and an elevated risk of myocardial infarction, may occur depending on the timing and extent of recent cannabis exposure. Although these effects are unlikely to cause major complications during routine screening colonoscopy or diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy, advanced therapeutic procedures may pose significant challenges for sedation providers. This narrative review summarizes the chemistry, pharmacology, and sedation-related implications of cannabis use in patients undergoing sedation requiring interventional procedures, with a specific focus on GI endoscopy. © 2025 by the authors.
Stable high frequencies of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance associated mutations and absence of K13 mutations in Plasmodium falciparum 3 and 4 years after the introduction of artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background Artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (ASP) are first line treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in most of India, except for six North-eastern provinces where treatment failure rates were high. In Ujjain, central India, the frequency of mutations associated with increased drug tolerance, but not overt resistance to sulfadoxine and pyrimathamine were 9% and >80%, respectively, in 2009 and 2010, just prior to the introduction of ASP. The frequency of drug resistance associated mutations in Ujjain in 2015-2016 after 3-4 years of ASP use, are reported. Methods Blood samples from patients with P. falciparum mono-infection verified by microscopy were collected on filter-paper at all nine major pathology laboratories in Ujjain city. Codons pfdhfr 16-185, pfdhps 436-632 and K13 407-689 were identified by sequencing. Pfcrt K76T and pfmdr1 N86Y were identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance-associated pfdhfr 108N and 59R alleles were found in 100/104 (96%) and 87/91 (96%) samples, respectively. Pfdhps 437G was found in 10/105 (10%) samples. Double mutant pfdhfr 59R+108N were found in 75/81 (93%) samples. Triple mutant pfdhfr 59R + 108N and pfdhps 437G were found in 6/78 (8%) samples. Chloroquine-resistance-associated pfcrt 76T was found in 102/102 (100%). Pfmdr1 N86 and 86Y were identified in 83/115 (72%) and 32/115 (28%) samples, respectively. Conclusion The frequency of P. falciparum with reduced susceptibility to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine remained high but did not appear to have increased significantly since the introduction of ASP. No polymorphisms in K13 associated with decreased artemisinin susceptibility were found. ASP probably remained effective, supporting continued ASP use.
Katabasis. Memoria dell'origine e istituzione dell'identità.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The first two sections of this essay are devoted to the activity of memory in the foundation of political community through the examples of the myth of Athenian autochthony, on the basis of Enrico Montanari’s work Il mito dell’autoctonia, and Plato’s political project in the dialogues Republic, Timaeus and Critias, through the concept of katabasis and opposition between land and sea, i.e. Athens and Atlantis. In the last section, I raise the question about the speculative substance of memory by the relation between condition and conditioned, in the context of the «Positing reflection» in the Doctrine of essence of Hegel’s Science of Logic, and through the action of Mnemosyne in relation with Fanes and Chronos in Orphic tradition, to come to face the subject of nostalgia for zoe, indestructible life of Dionysus, as the basis of human community.
Can open architectures propel satellite data broadcasting into the mainstream

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Satellite data broadcasting has to date been a niche market, meeting the requirements of the financial world, paging networks, and other information service providers offering high value low speed data feeds. The explosive traffic demands of the Internet industry, and the potential from evolving uses for multimedia, promise massive growth in the use of satellite broadcasting for wide area data distribution. Overviewed are factors representing the `technology push', such as high power direct to home satellites, mass produced chipsets for multimedia DVB receivers, sophisticated head end multiplexing and off the shelf broadcast aware software applications. Taking this technology out of the confines of demonstrator networks, and into successful commercial deployment, poses new challenges for satellite service providers, and finding corresponding `market pull' is proving more difficult than market forecasters and industry pundits have foreseen. How can this technology be made reliable and deliverable into large network communities spread across continents? How can system design side step the high costs traditionally associated with satellite, and allow charging structures to encourage take up? How closely can satellite broadcasting emulate familiar data networks, and break down the perception of `rocket-science'? (6 pages)
JAK Inhibition as a Potential Treatment Target in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are a group of molecules responsible for signal transduction of multiple cytokines and growth factors in different cell types, involved in the maintenance of immune tolerance. Thus, the dysregulation of this pathway plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune, inflammatory, and allergic diseases and is an attractive treatment target. JAK inhibitors (JAKinibs) have been approved in the treatment of multiple autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and ankylosing spondylitis (SPA). In SLE, there is a plethora of ongoing trials evaluating their efficacy, with tofacitinib, baricitinib and deucravacitinib showing promising results, without major safety concerns. In this review, we will discuss the rationale of targeting JAKinibs in SLE and summarize the clinical data of efficacy and safety of JAKinibs in SLE patients.
I. Dissociation and aromatization of a semibenzene. Reactions of triphenylmethyl and methyl isobutyryl radicals. II. The chemistry of alpha- and beta- azo radicals

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Part I. Semibenzene methyl 7,7-diphenyl-p-mentha-1(7),2,5-triene-8-carboxylate (1), which can be regarded as the para recombination product of triphenylmethyl and methyl isobutyryl radicals (5), affords exactly these intermediates on thermolysis or, inefficiently, on direct photolysis. Whereas thiophenol or triplet 9-fluorenone aromatize 1, thermolysis in the presence of 1,4-cyclohexadiene allows trapping of 5 and oligomeric radicals. From the measured heat of aromatization, the C-C bond dissociation enthalpy of 1 and its analog lacking the side chain ("p-isotriphenylmethane") is calculated to be the lowest value known for any closed shell neutral hydrocarbon. Exposure of 1 to the atmosphere causes rapid autoxidation to the hydroperoxide.\nPart II. The thermolysis of 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-bis(phenylazo)butane (16a) leads exclusively to cleavage of the central C-C bond forming 2-(phenylazo)isopropyl radicals (17a). These radicals recombine to the C-N dimer 19a about 40 times faster than to the more stable C-C dimer 16a. The thermolysis of 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-bis(tert-butylazo)butane (16b) leads to C-N homolysis via a short lived $\\beta$-azo radical 18b. A mechanistic study of 16b shows that C-N homolysis greatly dominates over C-C homolysis. Nevertheless, we estimate that the latter process would occur with $\\Delta$G$\\dagger$ (150$\\sp\\circ$C) $>$ 40.3 kcal/mol, which implies that the RSE of aliphatic hydrazonyl radical 17b is at least 6 kcal/mol below that of 17a, and it is little or no more than the RSE of the 1,1-dimethylallyl radical.\nThe nature of the decomposition products of 2-cyclopropylazo-2-(phenylazo)-propane (26) suggests that the thermolysis of 26 mainly causes cleavage of one C-N bond on the cyclopropyl side, while photolysis of 26 leads to the predominant cleavage of the C-N bond on the phenyl side. Attempted determination of the heat of hydrogenation of the N=N double bond via catalytic hydrogenation of azo-n-butane (ANB) and oxidation of di-n-butyl hydrazine (DNBH) by HgO and O$\\sb2$ gave varying values of $\\Delta$H$\\sb{\\rm H}$ centering around 20 kcal/mol. 3-Methyl-1-phenyl-3-(phenylazo)-butene-1 (20) was prepared to study the thermolysis kinetics. The similarity of the BDH of 2a and 1a implies that the radical stabilization provided by the azo group is no better than that of the allyl group. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Advanced Models and Fast Simulation Algorithms for MARS Plants

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With the successful commercialization of modular multilevel converters (MMC) and rapid increase in photovoltaic (PV) penetration and energy storage systems (ESS), one of the research areas being explored dynamically is integration of PV systems and ESS systems to MMCs. On this front, an integrated development of PV plants, ESS, and alternating- and direct-current (ac/dc) systems through Multi-Port Autonomous Reconfigurable Solar (MARS) plant is proposed and being researched upon. However, simulation of MARS systems on traditional existing software takes very long time (order of days) due to the presence of a large number of states and non-linear devices. Therefore, development of fast high fidelity models is of paramount importance to test the hardware design, control design and planning of power system expansions. In this context, two research objectives are addressed in this paper: firstly, an ultra fast single- or multi- CPU simulation algorithm to simulate the MARS system based on state-space models, hybrid discretization algorithm with a relaxation technique that reduces the imposed computational burden and a multi-rate method is presented. Secondly, a reduced order model of MARS is also presented. Both the developed techniques are validated with respect to reference PSCAD/EMTDC model.