jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Reevaluation of von Willebrand disease diagnosis in a Croatian paediatric cohort combining bleeding scores, phenotypic laboratory assays and next generation sequencing: a pilot study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study reevaluated von Willebrand disease (vWD) diagnosis in a Croatian paediatric cohort by combining bleeding scores (BS), phenotypic laboratory testing, and next-generation sequencing (NGS).A total of 25 children (11 males and 14 females, median age 10 years, from 2 to 17) previously diagnosed with vWD were included. BS were calculated using an online bleeding assessment tool. Phenotypic laboratory analyses included platelet count, platelet function analyser closure times, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag), vWF gain-of-function mutant glycoprotein Ib binding activity (vWF:GPIbM), vWF collagen binding activity (vWF:CBA), factor VIII activity (FVIII:C) and multimeric analysis. Next-generation sequencing covered regions of both vWF and FVIII genes and was performed on MiSeq (Illumina, San Diego, USA).Disease-associated variants identified in 15 patients comprised 11 distinct heterozygous vWF gene variants in 13 patients and one novel FVIII gene variant (p.Glu2085Lys) in two male siblings. Four vWF variants were novel (p.Gln499Pro, p.Asp1277Tyr, p.Asp1277His, p.Lys1491Glu). Three patients without distinctive variants had vWF:GPIbM between 30 and 50%. Patients with identified vWF gene variants had statistically significant lower values of vWF:GPIbM (P = 0.002), vWF:Ag (P = 0.007), vWF:CBA (P < 0.001) and FVIII:C (P = 0.002), compared to those without. Correlations between BS and phenotypic laboratory test results were not statistically significant for either of the tests.The applied diagnostic approach confirmed the diagnosis of vWD in 13 patients and mild haemophilia A in two. Limited utility of BS in the paediatric population was evidenced.
Toward Resilient Futures

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This article explores the complex relationship between Artificial Intelligence (AI) and greenhouse gas emissions and climate change, focusing on three levels: computing-related, immediate, and system-level consequences. It highlights the potential of AI in climate-related industries, such as climate change monitoring, data collection, predictive analysis, risk assessment, and energy efficiency optimization. However, ethical issues such as fair access to AI technology, algorithmic biases, and environmental transparency need to be addressed. The article emphasizes the need for robust regulatory frameworks to govern ethical AI usage in climate-related applications, guided by ongoing research. AI can transform climate action through climate modelling, simulation accuracy, weather forecasting, and energy efficiency optimization. Responsible AI deployment with clear ethical norms can help combat global climate change. The article concludes that AI should be included in climate projects while considering its ethical and environmental implications.
Association between autonomy support, academic motivation, and life skills in pre-service physical education teachers and pre-service sport coaches

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study aimed to analyze the relationships between the perception of the autonomy-support style created by the professor, the global academic intrinsic motivation and its three subtypes (to know, toward accomplishments, and to experience stimulation), and the life skills of future physical education (PE) teachers and sports coaches. The participants were 583 students ( M age = 20.77 years, SD = 2.94; 65% were men) belonging to a higher education program specialized in the training of PE teachers and sports coaches in Mexico. The results of the structural equation models showed that the perception of the autonomy-support style adopted by the professors was positively and significantly related to global academic intrinsic motivation and its three subtypes, and these were positively and significantly associated with each life skill. The mediation analyses confirmed the mediating role of global academic intrinsic motivation and subtypes between the perception of the autonomy-support style adopted by the professors and the student’s life skills. In conclusion, to promote the development of life skills in future PE teachers and sport coaches, it will not only be enough for their teachers to generate positive environments of autonomy-supportive styles, but they must also have intrinsic reasons to enhance these skills.
Intraocular Pressure Outcomes Following Transscleral Diode Cyclophotocoagulation Using Long and Short Duration Burns

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes of transscleral diode cyclophotocoagulation using short duration (SD) versus longer duration (LD) treatment. Patients and Methods: Data were collected retrospectively on patients with glaucoma who underwent cyclophotocoagulation with LD (4000 ms) treatment with variable power ≤1000 mW versus SD using 1500 ms with variable power ≤2000 mW. The outcome measures included: intraocular pressure (IOP) at 12 months, decrease in number of antiglaucoma medications, complications and visual acuity (VA) at the final follow-up visit. Results: There were 71 patients and 70 patients in the SD and LD groups, respectively. The mean IOP±SD pretreatment baseline was 33±10 versus 36±10 mm Hg for SD and LD groups, respectively ( P >0.05). At 1 year postoperatively, the IOP decreased significantly in both groups (16.7 vs. 17.4 mm Hg for SD and LD, respectively; P <0.0001). This decrease in IOP was comparable between groups ( P =0.5). The average number of IOP lowering medications were 2.5 and 2.9 at baseline in the SD and LD groups, respectively, and decreased to 1.3 in both groups ( P =0.83). The mean LogMAR VA decreased significantly from 1.87 at baseline to 1.96 at 1 year in the SD group ( P =0.276), and 2.03 to 2.3 ( P ≤0.001) in the LD group, this change was comparable (0.19; P =0.075) between the 2 groups. Complications were also comparable. Conclusions: Both LD and SD burns during cyclophotocoagulation effectively lowered IOP at 1 year. Neither treatment resulted in a greater reduction of IOP. LD treatment appeared to result in a decrease in VA and greater postoperative inflammation.
Toward a low-cost, in-home, telemedicine-enabled assessment of disability in multiple sclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Remote assessment of neurological disability in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) could improve access to clinical care and efficiency of clinical research. Objective: To develop and validate a telemedicine-based MS disability examination that does not require an in-home examiner. Methods: Adults with MS were recruited after a standardized in-person Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) evaluation, and within 1 week underwent a blinded televideo-enabled EDSS examination with a different clinician. EDSS and tele-EDSS scores were compared. Results: Overall, 41 adults participated (mean (standard deviation (SD)) age: 47.0 years (11.6); median EDSS: 2 (range: 0–7)); 37 required no in-home assistance for the tele-EDSS evaluation (e.g. help positioning camera). Mean difference between EDSS and tele-EDSS was 0.34 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.07–0.61). For 88% of evaluations, tele-EDSS and EDSS scores were within 1 point (similar to reported in-person inter-rater differences). Unweighted kappa for agreement within 0.5 point was 0.72. Correlation for individual functional systems (FS) ranged from modest (vision: 0.37) to high (bowel/bladder: 0.79). Overall correlation between EDSS and tele-EDSS was 0.89 ( p < 0.0001); and 0.98 ( p < 0.0001) at EDSS range: 4–7. Conclusion: In this proof of principle study, disability evaluation in mild to moderate MS is feasible using telemedicine without an aide at the patient’s location.
Boosting Perovskite Solar Cell Stability: Dual Protection with Ultrathin Plasma Polymer Passivation Layers

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Metal halide perovskite solar cells (MHPSCs) hold great promise related to their high efficiency and low fabrication costs, but their long-term stability under environmental conditions remains a major challenge. In this study, we demonstrate an effective protection strategy to enhance the stability of MHPSCs through the incorporation of a double passivation layer based on an adamantane-based plasma polymer (ADA) at both the electron transport layer (ETL)/perovskite and perovskite/hole transport layer (HTL) interfaces. Our results show that the implemented ADA deposition technique is compatible with delicate substrates such as perovskites thin films, as their optical, morphological and optoelectronic properties are unaltered upon ADA deposition. At the same time, it provides effective protection to the perovskite material in high humidity environments. The ADA-double passivation not only reduces the formation of mobile ionic defects that cause additional recombination, but also significantly reduces humidity-induced degradation and mitigates the photocatalytic degradation caused by TiO2 under UV exposure. Stability tests performed under 100% relative humidity and continuous AM 1.5G illumination (ISOS-L-1) show that ADA dual passivated devices retained 80% of their initial efficiency after 4000 minutes, while reference samples dropped to 30%. The enhanced performance of ADA-passivated cells is attributed to protective nature of the plasma polymer layer resulting in a preservation of photocurrent and the prevention of new recombination routes. This dual passivation strategy offers a promising route to improve the environmental stability of PSCs and extend their operational lifetime.
A nonnative Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) population in the Republic of South Africa is resistant to herbicides with different sites of action

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Palmer amaranth ( Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) is not native to Africa. Based on the presence and persistence of A. palmeri populations, its invasive status in southern Africa is classified as “naturalized.” Globally, A. palmeri is one of the most troublesome weed species in several crops, including soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.], maize ( Zea mays L.), and cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.). Certain populations of A. palmeri in various countries were reported to be resistant to herbicides with different sites of action (SOAs). Two biotypes of A. palmeri in the United States reportedly each have resistance to herbicides representing five different SOAs, and between them a total of eight different SOAs are involved. Resistance mechanisms in these biotypes involve target-site and/or non–target site resistance. Here we characterize a specific A. palmeri population that was found in the Douglas district in South Africa and showed resistance to various herbicide SOAs. Initially, this A. palmeri population was discovered in a glyphosate-tolerant cotton field, where it survived glyphosate treatment. Subsequently, greenhouse experiments were conducted to characterize this A. palmeri population for potential resistance to herbicides of additional SOAs, and molecular analyses were conducted to reveal the mechanisms of herbicide resistance. Results indicated resistance to chlorimuron-ethyl and glyphosate in this population, while <90% control (decreased sensitivity) was observed at the label rate for mesotrione, atrazine, saflufenacil, and S -metolachlor. However, glufosinate, tembotrione, acifluorfen, dicamba, 2,4-D, metribuzin, acetochlor, isoxaflutole, diflufenican, and pyroxasulfone were effective at controlling this population. This profiling of herbicide sensitivity has allowed development of programs to control and potentially minimize the spread of this weed. In addition, molecular analysis of EPSPS revealed the role of higher copy number as a mechanism for glyphosate resistance in this population and a Ser-653-Asn target-site mutation likely conferring resistance to the acetolactate synthase–inhibitor chlorimuron-ethyl. No known target-site mutations were identified for the protoporphyrinogen oxidase–inhibitor group.
A community-based social cohesion program for immigrant women married to Koreans

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

We conducted a demonstration project to help immigrant women married to Korean men adapt to the Korean community. Participants were 19 couples who agreed to participate in a community-based social cohesion program - the recreational program participation by the group was to enhance the social cohesion with family members and local residents. The program was developed with local community participation, using a partnership strategy, and included a village dance that could involve local residents. We held the program for 6 months, and a Community Health Practitioner provided case-management services. The main outcome variables were family stress and family strengths, which were assessed using the Family Systems Stressor-Strength Inventory (FS 3 I). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The results revealed significant mean differences between pre- and post-intervention family stress for both immigrant women and their husbands. However, we found significant mean differences between pre- and post-intervention family strengths for the husbands only. The community-based social cohesion program affected family stress and family cohesion even with the limitation of limited methodological rigor (due to participant-specific conditions and community characteristics). Replication of this study with better methodological rigor and measurements of cultural competence are needed in the future.
A Fractional Order Proportional and Derivative (FOPD) Motion Controller: Tuning Rule and Experiments

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, it is remarkable to see the increasing number of studies related to the theory and application of fractional order controller (FOC), specially PI ¿ D ¿ controller, in many areas of science and engineering. Research activities are focused on developing new analysis and design methods for fractional order controllers as an extension of classical control theory. In this paper, a new tuning method for fractional order proportional and derivative ( PD ¿ ) or FO-PD controller is proposed for a class of typical second-order plants. The tuned FO-PD controller can ensure that the given gain crossover frequency and phase margin are fulfilled, and furthermore, the phase derivative w. r. t. the frequency is zero, i.e., the phase Bode plot is flat at the given gain crossover frequency. Consequently, the closed-loop system is robust to gain variations. The FOC design method proposed in the paper is practical and simple to apply. Simulation and experimental results show that the closed-loop system can achieve favorable dynamic performance and robustness.
Descriptions of male and nymphs of Gamasellus vibrissatus Emberson(Acari:Mesostigmata:Rhodacaridae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Male and nymphs of Gamasellus vibrissatus Emberson are described in the present paper.Gamasellus vibrissatus Emberson, 1967Male. Length of idiosoma 602-634 (av. 618) μm, width 323-355 (av. 339) μm. Anterior dorsal shield with 21 pairs of setae, of which D1, D3 and M2 strongly pilose, F1 and F2 rarely pilose, remains smooth, band-or oar-shaped. M3 short, on cuticle out the shield. Posterior dorsal shield with 18 pairs of setae, of which I3, S7, S8 and M11 strongly pilose, S8 short, remains smooth, band-or oar-shaped. Presternal shields 3 pairs. Sterno-genital shield with 5 pairs of setae and 3 pairs of pores. Ventro-anal shield joining to peritrematal shields, preanal setae 7 pairs, of which 1 pair pilose, 2 pairs band-or oar-like, 4 pairs needle-like; Ad situated at level of middle of anus, slightly shorter than anus, PA longer than Ad, rarely pilose. Peritreme reaches to anterior margin of coxa II anteriorly. Tectum with a long medial prong and 3 pairs of lateral denticles. Movable digit of chela singledentate, spermatodactyl reaching to end of movable digit istally, fixed digit with 2 large teeth and 5-6 small denticles. Seta al1 on palpgenu branch-shaped. Leg II with a large spur on femur, a small spur on genu and 2 small spurs on tibia.Deutonymph. Length of idiosoma 430-484 (av. 457) μm, width 290-323 (av. 309) μm. Anterior dorsal shield with 20 pairs of setae, of which F1 and F2 rarely pilose, D1, D3 and M2 longer, strongly pilose, remains simple. Posterior dorsal shield square, with 14 pairs of setae, of which 2 pairs longer and strongly pilose, S8 very short. Presternal shields 1 pair. Sternal shield with 4 pairs of setae. Anal shield circular, Ad situated at level of middle of anus, slightly shorter than anus, PA longer than anus. Metapodal shields 1 pair. Peritreme reaching to posterior margin of coxa I anteriorly. Ventral setae about 10 pairs. Movable digit of chela tridentate, fixed digit hexadentate. Tectum as in male. Legs setae simple.Protonymph. Length of idiosoma 409 μm, width 301 μm. Anterior dorsal shield weakly sclerotized, D1, D3 and M2 longer and pilose, remains simple. Posterior dorsal shield small, with 8 pairs of setae, 2 pairs of which longer and pilose, 6 pairs simple. Sternal shield weakly sclerotized, with 3 pairs of setae. Anal shield oval, Ad situated at level of middle of anus, longer than anus, PA longer than Ad. Peritreme short. Tectum and chela as in deutonymph.Specimens 3♀♀ and 4♂♂, ex soil, from Lanzhou (36°00′N, 03°8′E), Gansu Province, in 14 July 2005. 2 ♂♂, 5 deutonymphs and 2 protonymphs, ex bark of tree, moss and soil, from Xining (36°34′N, 101°49′E), Huzhu (36°47′N, 102°00′E) and Xunhua (35°47′N, 102°27′E), Qinghai Province, in 17-22 Aug. 2006.
Anthropogenic sulfate-driven secondary organic aerosol formation over the eastern Himalayas through aqueous phase photochemical reactions

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The ubiquitous presence of organic aerosols (OA) and their dominant role in climate forcing via direct and indirect effects are increasingly recognized. Among the large spectrum of OAs, water-soluble secondary organic aerosols (SOA) have gained considerable scientific interest due to the in-cloud formation process and consequent climate effects. However, a lack of consensus on the molecular fingerprints and formation pathways of SOA limits our ability to assess their climate impact globally.In this study, a detail investigation is made on water-soluble SOA components such as dicarboxylic acids, oxocarboxylic acids and dicarbonyls in springtime (March to May 2019) PM10 samples collected from a remote high-altitude site Lachung (27.4&#730;N and 88.4&#730;E, 2700 m a.s.l.) in the eastern Himalayas. The molecular fingerprints of water-soluble SOA components showed the predominance of oxalic acid (C2) followed by phthalic (Ph) and succinic acid. The diagnostic mass ratio of Ph to azelaic (C9) acid (2.1-7.7) indicated that anthropogenic emissions are the major sources of water-soluble OA at this remote high-altitude site. Moreover, SO42- dominates total water-soluble inorganic constituents and correlates significantly (R2 = 0.66) with the ISORROPIA-II model-derived aerosol liquid water content (LWC), indicating a crucial role of anthropogenic SO42- in controlling LWC of aerosols over the eastern Himalayas. Notably, we found significant positive relationships of C2 acid with both SO42- (R2 = 0.94) and aerosol LWC (R2 = 0.76), suggesting oxalic acid formation in LWC-enriched aerosols largely controlled by anthropogenic SO42- via aqueous phase photochemical processes. The increased formation of oxalic acid and related polar compounds with increasing SO42- is indicative of the fact that the reduction in anthropogenic emissions at the regional scale or source regions could control the water-soluble SOA loading in the atmosphere of the eastern Himalayas.
On finite-temperature holographic QCD in the Veneziano limit

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A bstract Holographic models in the T = 0 universality class of QCD in the limit of large number N c of colors and N f massless fermion flavors, but constant ratio x f = N f /N c , are analyzed at finite temperature. The models contain a 5-dimensional metric and two scalars, a dilaton sourcing Tr F 2 and a tachyon dual to $ \overline{q}q $ . The phase structure on the T, x f plane is computed and various 1st order, 2nd order transitions and crossovers with their chiral symmetry properties are identified. For each x f , the temperature dependence of p/T 4 and the condensate $ \left\langle {\overline{q}q} \right\rangle $ is computed. In the simplest case, we find that for x f up to the critical x c ~ 4 there is a 1st order transition on which chiral symmetry is broken and the energy density jumps. In the conformal window x c < x f < 11 / 2, there is only a continuous crossover between two conformal phases. When approaching x c from below, x f → x c , temperature scales approach zero as specified by Miransky scaling.
Estimation of Stream Health Using Flow-Based Indices

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Existing methods to estimate stream health are often location-specific, and do not address all of the components of stream health. In addition, there are very few guidelines to estimate the health of a stream, although the literature and useful tools such as Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA) are available. This paper describes an approach developed for estimating stream health. The method involves the: (1) collection of flow data; (2) identification of hydrologic change; (3) estimation of some hydrologic indicators for pre-alteration and post-alteration periods; and (4) the use of those hydrologic indicators with the scoring framework of the Dundee Hydrologic Regime Assessment Method (DHRAM). The approach estimates the stream health in aggregate including all of the components, such as riparian vegetation, aquatic species, and benthic organisms. Using the approach, stream health can be estimated at two different levels: (1) the existence or absence of a stream health problem based on the concept of eco-deficit and eco-surplus using flow duration curves; and (2) the estimation of overall stream health using the IHA–DHRAM method. The procedure is demonstrated with a case example of the White Rock Creek watershed in Texas in the United States (US). The approach has great potential to estimate stream health and prescribe flow-based goals for the restoration of impaired streams.