jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of Surface Conditioning and Resin Cements on the Adhesion of Fiber Posts

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Purpose: This study evaluated the influence of surface treatments on the microtensile bond strength between a glass fiber post surface and resin cements. Methods: Forth-five posts (Reforpost, Angelus, Londrina, PR- Brazil) were assigned to three groups with different surface treatment: Group 1: No treatment and silane application only (G1); Group 2: immersion in 96% ethyl alcohol for 10 minutes followed by silane application (G2); Group 3: immersion in 24% H2O2 for 10 minutes followed by silane application (G3). Each group was divided into 3 subgroups according to the resin cement used: UniCem/3MESPE (UN); BisCem/Bisco (BC); and Panavia F/Kuraray (PN). Posts were placed in a square-shaped matrix, in which it was held in place by the resin cement and subsequently photo-cured. Blocks were obtained, serially cut into sticks and then loaded onto a micro-tensile testing machine. Results: ANOVA indicated significant differences among surface treatments (p 0.05). Group G1 had lower bond strength values (p<0.05). The values for group BC and group PN were significantly higher than group UN (p<0.05). The type of surface treatment and resin cement influenced the microtensile bond strength. Hypothesis: The use of different surface treatment can improve the chemical-mechanical interaction between fiber posts and resin cements, thus improving the performance of clinical application of these materials in endodontic treated teeth. Clinical Significance: Within the parameters of this study, the bonding capability of conventional and self-adhesive resin cements to fiber posts were affected by different post surface pre-treatments. Post surfaces treated with 24% H 2 O 2 or 96% ethyl alcohol showed significantly stronger bond interactions to resin cements than only silane application.
The Development of Social Work as a Speciality and the Profession in Estonia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

For Estonia and its people social work is one of the vitally important fields that had to be built up from almost nothing since independence was regained in 1991. During Soviet times social work and social workers did not receive the necessary attention. Severe social problems were denied and kept hidden since according to official communist ideology, life in the Soviet Union was the best in the world and getting better all the time. Social workers did not receive specialised education and their functions were to be carried out by the workers of trade unions and the party, by teachers and by the workers of the personnel departments. In the 1990s big changes, having also an effect on social life, took place in the development of Estonian society. Concepts such as social work and social worker were rediscovered in Estonia. There are certain prerequisites for the success of any activity (including social work). One of the most important ones is being a professional, a worker with thorough preparation. Social work as an occupation requires specialised academic education, which is based on theoretical knowledge and practical skills that have been acquired through theoretical knowledge. Specialised knowledge is a foundation for attaining a specialised qualification. However, at the same time one has to keep in mind that social work as an occupation is constantly changing, there is no absolute knowledge - everything is relative, dynamic and changing (Tamm, 1998). The changing nature of the activity requires reflection by a social worker, who also has to be able to evaluate his/her work and its basis and learn from experiences. Academic specialised education implies also the development of a new professional identity and higher levels of competence. This underlines the necessity of specialised education.
Balance between pollination and parthenocarpy in the pear (Pyrus communis) variety Conference

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pear is the second fruit growing in Belgium and the variety Conference represents 90% of the Belgian production. Pear tree (Pyrus communis) is a self-incompatible species and requires inter-variety cross-pollination to develop fruits. Hives are often settled in the orchards to facilitate pollination and allow a better fruit size production. However honeybees seem not really attracted by pear flowers and no accurate study of pear tree pollination by insects has been conducted. Moreover, pear tree blooming occurs early in the spring and could be subjected to frost events. Parthenocarpy induction by spraying plant hormones, mainly gibberellins, is a common practice in orchards and allows achieving sufficient yield even under climatically unfavorable spring conditions. No precise study has been carried on to determine the most efficient hormones (gibberellins, cytokinins,â¦), the moment of their application and the required amounts to apply. Our work aims to better highlight the pear tree reproduction and focuses on the pollination and parthenocarpy processes in the Conference variety.
Impressions of the Toronto Institute

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Impressions of the Toronto Institute Get access Dorland Frederick Dorland Frederick Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Bulletin of the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, Volume 9, Issue 6, 1 December 1952, Pages 583–585, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/9.6.583 Published: 01 December 1952
A Tyrosine-Rich Region in the N Terminus of CCR5 Is Important for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Entry and Mediates an Association between gp120 and CCR5

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) requires the presence of specific chemokine receptors in addition to CD4 to enter target cells. The chemokine receptor CCR5 is used by the macrophage-tropic strains of HIV-1 that predominate during the asymptomatic stages of infection. Here we identify a small tyrosine-rich region of CCR5 proximal to the N-terminal cysteine that is critical for entry of macrophage-tropic and dual-tropic variants of HIV-1. HIV-1 infection of cells expressing CCR5 mutants with changes in this region was substantially reduced compared with the infection of cells bearing wild-type CCR5. Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV mac 239) entry was also ablated on a subset of these mutants but enhanced on others. These differences in virus entry were correlated with the relative ability of soluble, monomeric HIV-1 and SIV mac 239 gp120 glycoproteins to bind the CCR5 mutants. These results identify a region of CCR5 that is necessary for the physical association of the gp120 envelope glycoprotein with CCR5 and for HIV-1 infection.
Comparative Study of Two Different Converters with its Controller for Grid Connected WECS with PMSG

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Wind is a source for generating clean and economical electrical energy with a proper harnessing mechanism. For a wind energy conversion system (WECS), maximum power extraction with optimum power quality is required. In this article, the grid power quality is enhanced, using a multilevel inverter which provides smoother and pure sinusoidal waves as compared to two-level inverter by decreasing total harmonic distortion (THD) in WECS with a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). Also, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is based on an optimal torque controller, employed to extract more power. In this study, a WECS with a PMSG connected to the local linear resistive load and grid is considered for simulation. A multilevel inverter grid interface is controlled by in phase disposition pulse width modulation (IPD – PWM). The multilevel inverter with MPPT has been acknowledged as superior to a normal two-level inverter without MPPT Controller. Simulation results as observed for fixed and variable wind speed including MPPT demonstrate benefits of the proposed method.
Norwegian Women's experiences of 20th-century migration to England: Narratives of changing gender roles

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article discusses migratory gender roles within a north/north movement context. Using the case of older Norwegian women migrating to England while young, actively making migration part of their lives, it combines life course theory and migration theory about transnationalism, and presents three migratory life trajectory typologies. These are developed from life course interviews, based on class and gender role differences. One, upper-class based, is about transnational marriage as a key to leaving a small Norwegian community and becoming a ‘European’ housewife. Another, working-class based, is about using an au pair job as a stepping stone to migration and marriage, doing family-life-adapted paid work in Norwegian workplace ‘niches’. The third, middle-class based, is about using the migratory process for strengthening a professional identity. The article shows how a feeling of transnational ambiguity is exceeded the more the migratory gender role is about realising one’s own potentials, moving towards gender equality.
Draft genome sequence of multidrug-resistant Vibrio navarrensis strain DA9 isolated from a coastal canal in the Florida Keys (USA)

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT A presumptive Vibrio isolate with a multidrug resistance profile was isolated from surface seawater collected from a coastal canal in 2014 and identified as Vibrio navarrensis , designated as strain DA9. Here, we report a 5.1-Mb draft genome sequence of strain DA9 with a G + C content of 47.5%.
Ultrafast All-Optical Modulation and Efficient Third-Harmonic Generation in Two-Dimensional Perovskite Heterostructures

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Ultrafast all-optical modulation and efficient frequency conversion are highly required for a wide range of applications including optical communication, microwave photonics, and quantum computing. However, the ultrafast and efficient light–matter interactions are challenging for the available optoelectronic materials. Here, we demonstrate the solution-processable two-dimensional halide organic–inorganic perovskite (2D HOIP) heterostructures can exhibit ultrafast all-optical modulation and efficient third-harmonic generation experimentally. We fabricated 2D HOIP heterostructure film (PEA)2PbI4/(PEA)2(MA)2Pb3I10 by a one-step spin-casting method and found that the heterostructures can produce efficient third-harmonic emission with larger conversion efficiency (η = 2 × 10–5) than other typical perovskites and two-dimensional materials. In addition, the time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy reveals the transfer path of photocarriers in perovskite heterostructures, while sub-picosecond ultrafast relaxation and ∼−4.85% nonlinear absorption modulation have been observed at the band edge. Our results suggest that 2D HOIP heterostructures can serve as an ideal platform for nonlinear optical modulation and wavelength conversion and may pave the way for developing high-performance cost-effective ultrafast optoelectronic devices.
Bayesian analysis of non-negative ar(2) processes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A non-negative AR(2) process with exponentially distributed white noise is investigated in the paper. It is assumed that the autoregressive parameters are random variables with a vague prior density. They can be esto,ated by their posterior expectations. Explicit formulas for these estimators are derived and their strong consistency is proved. An approximation to the estimators is proposed which is easier for calculation. The results are illustrated in a simulation study
Unfocussed spatial attention underlies the crowding effect in indirect form vision

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

When targets are seen in the presence of neighbouring patterns or contours, their visibility is reduced. This phenomenon, known as the crowding effect, is particularly pronounced in indirect view. By the measurement of recognition contrast sensitivity of a character with flankers to the left and right, we studied mechanisms underlying the crowding effect in indirect form vision. Attentional and featural contributions to the effect can be separated by a new paradigm that distinguishes pattern location errors from pattern recognition errors and further by manipulating the focussing of spatial attention through a transient positional cue, appearing 150 ms before the target. Measurements were on the horizontal meridian, at 1, 2, and 4 eccentricity, and a range of flankers' distances. Our results show that in normal indirect view the impairment of character recognition by crowding is — in particular at intermediate flanker distances — caused by spatially imprecise focussing of attention. The enhancement of performance by a transient positional cue seems mediated separately such that locus and intensity are independent characteristics of attention in form vision.
Remote Power Distribution Assembly for ISS Payload Racks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper describes a new Remote Power Distribution Assembly that is used as Standard Payload Outfitting Equipment and accommodates Exchangeable Standard Electronics Modules (ESEM). It provides circuit protection and power distribution to experiment equipment within the International Space Station (ISS) payload racks. Five ESEMs, that are Orbit Replaceable Units, carry out the functions of power distribution, power control. status monitoring, overcurrent protection and isolated 120 VDC to 28 VDC voltage conversion. Over current protection for resistive, inductive and capacitive loads is programmable in the range 1 to 10 Amps: current limitation is performed before tripping The 560-Watt DC/DC resonant transition converter is phase-shift controlled and it switches at the constant frequency of 200 kHz with natural voltage clamping by means of MOS parasitic diodes. Efficiency as high as 90% is reached at the full load.
Macroeconomic Adjustment under Loose Financing Conditions in the Construction Sector

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We provide a model with sector-specific debt-collateral constraints to analyse how asymmetric financing conditions across sectors affect the aggregate investment, credit and output composition. In our model, investments in the construction sector allow for higher leverage than investments in the non-durable consumption goods sector. When borrowing constraints bind in both sectors, unit returns in the construction sector are lower due to a positive pledgeability premium, and changes in interest rates have a non-monotonic effect in the sectoral composition of investment. Specifically, a fall in interest rates triggers a relative rise in investment in the consumption goods sector when rates are relatively high, whereas the opposite effect obtains when rates are sufficiently low. We argue that this prediction of the model, which depends critically on the asymmetries of financing conditions across sectors, is consistent with the evidence for a number of OECD countries during the decade before the 2007/08 crisis.
Interconnecting Issueof Government’s Regional Budget Allocation and Open Burning Behavior: Study from Indonesia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research aims to analyze whether people’s perception, living area such as rural/urban, and regional budget proportion for the environment at province level influence open burning behavior of a household in Indonesia. Using household-leveldata in 2017from the National Socioeconomic Survey of Indonesia and adding control factors such as socio-demographic characteristics, a logit regression method is conducted. The result reveals that burning behaviorperception has an important role in open burning thrash decisions and people living in rural areas tend to do open burning trash compared to those who are living in urban areas. Furthermore, provinces with higher proportion budgets for environmental facilities tend to have fewer open burning cases done by households compared to provinces with lower proportion budgets for environment. The findings suggest that government should improve waste policies atregional and municipallevelto reduce open burning trash behavior of households.
Disposal of used metered dose inhalers.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

necessary."The decision in the House of Lords in one case states "In considering lawfulness of medical and surgical treatment given to a patient who for any reason, temporary or permanent, lacks the capacity to give or to communicate consent to treatment, it was stated to be axiomatic that treatment which is necessary to preserve life, health or well being of the patient may lawfully be given without consent."In emergency treatment, where decisions need to be taken quickly, the legal position may be far from clear cut and medical staff may be open to prosecution for assault under common law.Most medical staff have little or no appreciation of the lack of clarity in the legal position governing the treatment of patients against their wishes in emergencies.The case concerning the Jehovah's Witness raised "for the first time in English courts the question of whether an adult has the constitutional right to die."2The patient described here made a complete recovery.Several weeks later he came to the outpatients department without an appointment to thank us profusely for having saved his life.The laws governing the treatment of drug overdose should be clarified to protect doctors who other- wise may face legal proceedings for acting in good faith and with compassion.
Changing epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of bacteria causing bacteremia in Taiwan: 2002–2020

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Bacteremia is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The emergence of bacteria with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has further exacerbated the poor outcomes associated with bacteremia. The Taiwan Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (TSAR) program was established in 1998 to monitor bacterial epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance trends across all patient types and age groups. Between 2002 and 2020, a total of 14,539 non-duplicate bacteremia isolates were collected biennially from 29 hospitals during the months of July–September as part of the TSAR program. The three most common bacteremia agents were Escherichia coli (31%), Staphylococcus aureus (13.6%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.7%) overall. However, there was a steady increase in the proportions of E. coli and Enterococcus faecium isolated from bacteremia cases (both P < 0.001), while the proportions of Acinetobacter spp. decreased. Regarding antimicrobial resistance, there was a notable increase in rates of third-generation cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone non-susceptibility among E. coli and K. pneumoniae , while the rates of carbapenem non-susceptibility were elevated but remained milder in these two species, especially in E. coli . Of concern is the alarming increase in vancomycin resistance among E. faecium , rising from 10.0% in 2004 to 47.7% in 2020. In contrast, the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus has remained stable at 51.2% overall. In conclusion, E. coli , with increasing third-generation cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone resistance, is the predominant cause of bacteremia in Taiwan during the 18-year surveillance. The escalating proportion of E. faecium in bacteremia, coupled with a concurrent upsurge in vancomycin resistance, presents a therapeutic challenge in the recent decade. IMPORTANCE AMR surveillance not only enables the identification of regional variations but also supports the development of coordinated efforts to combat AMR on a global scale. The TSAR has been a biennial, government-endorsed, multicenter study focusing on pathogens isolated from inpatients and outpatients in Taiwan hospitals since 1998. Our report presents an 18-year comprehensive analysis on blood isolates in the 2002–2020 TSAR program. The study highlights an alarming increase in the proportion of E. faecium causing bacteremia accompanied by elevated vancomycin resistance. It is worth noting that this trend differs from the observations in the United States and China. Understanding the composition of bacteria causing bacteremia, along with their prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, holds significant importance in establishing healthcare and research priorities. Additionally, this knowledge serves as a critical factor in evaluating the effectiveness of preventive interventions.
Minimising Makespan of Discrete Controllers: A Qualitative Approach

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Qualitative controller synthesis techniques produce controllers that guarantee to achieve a given goal in the presence of an adversarial environment. However, qualitative synthesis only produces one controller out of many possible solutions and typically does not provide support for expressing preferences over other alternatives. In this paper, we thus present a formal approach to reason about preferences qualitatively, restricting attention to makespan of discrete eventbased controllers for reachability goals. Time is reasoned upon symbolically, which relieves the user from providing concrete quantitative measures. In particular, we study the scenario in which durations of individual activities are not known up-front. We first show how controllers can be symbolically and fairly compared by fixing the contingencies. Then, we present an algorithm to produce controllers that are makespan-minimising.
Information Degradation in Heated-Dot Magnetic Recording

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this work, we focus on three factors as regards information degradation in 4 Tbpsi heated-dot magnetic recording, namely, (1) the reduction in readout field strength due to dot area variation, (2) the reversal of the magnetization direction during 10 years of archiving due to thermal fluctuation, and (3) during adjacent track writing due to thermal fluctuation (adjacent track interference, ATI). We consider the full width at half maximum of the readout field as well as the peak value. The bit error rate bER as a function of the minimum normalized readout field H0, that must be readable without error, is calculated using each dot error probability, taking account of dot area variation and thermal fluctuation. The H0 value needed to achieve a certain bER is determined by dot area variation. There is a minimum dot height for a certain bER, which is determined by thermal fluctuation. Even if the dot height is increased, the H0 value cannot be increased. Since temperature has a strong impact on dot error probability, a very large thermal gradient in the cross-track direction is needed to suppress ATI.
Expression of Concern: A Pilot Study of Facial Nerve Stimulation on Cerebral Artery Vasospasm in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Non-invasive magnetic stimulation of the facial nerve with the VitalFlow stimulator appears to be a safe and effective means to reverse angiographic vasospasm in aSAH patients. Clinical Impact: This study provides Class IV evidence that non-invasive magnetic stimulation of the facial nerves reduce angiographic vasospasm in aSAH patients.