jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Real Options Approach to Evaluating New Nuclear Power Plants

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Although nuclear power plants are being built in Asia, they have not been ordered in the U.S. since the 1979 accident at Three Mile Island. For many reasons, new attention is being given to light water reactors. Currently- operating nuclear power plants in the U.S. were built under rate-of-return regulation. Now, new nuclear power plants must compete in power markets. This paper models the net present value of building an Advanced Boiling Water Reactor in Texas using a real options approach to determine the risk premium associated with net revenue uncertainty. It finds that a cost of about $1,200 per kilowatt-electric (including financing costs) for advanced light water nuclear power plants could trigger new orders. On the other hand, owner-operators might be willing to pay higher prices for nuclear megawatts if methods for mitigating price, cost, and capacity risk through contracts or real assets could be found.
N-dimensional Lomb Scargle Periodogram analysis of traveling ionospheric disturbances using ionosonde data

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

There is a multitude of wave-like phenomena in Earth’s ionosphere and thermosphere such as acoustic waves, gravity waves, planetary waves, tides, and Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs) which are the ionospheric manifestation of atmospheric waves. These phenomena are often difficult to study since measurements are typically irregular in time and space due to geographic constraints for deploying ground instruments and the natural orbital motion of satellites. This frequently precludes Fourier methods such as the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) from being used. The Lomb-Scargle Periodogram (LSP) provides FFT-like analysis when measurements are irregular. To our knowledge, all prior use of the LSP in space science has been one-dimensional. This paper uses a N-Dimensional extension of the LSP (ND LSP) to study traveling ionospheric disturbances in four dimensions on a quiescent day near solar minimum. We use an exquisite dataset consisting of 12 ionosondes over Australia on June 29, 2019. The ND LSP resolves the full 3-dimensional wave vector as well as the period for many discrete TIDs. To the degree possible, we validate our findings from ionosonde data processed with the ND LSP by using an FFT-based method on line-of-sight TEC data from the same period and find similar wavelengths and periods for the large TIDs. We show that TIDs occur preferentially near 70o elevation and could be missed or mischaracterized if using TEC data in the thin-shell approximation.
STUDIES ON THE BIOLOGY OF <italic>DREISSENA POLYMORPHA</italic> PALL<subtitle>II. CORRELATION OF THE RHYTHMS OF ADDUCTOR ACTIVITY, FEEDING, DIGESTION AND EXCRETION</subtitle>

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article STUDIES ON THE BIOLOGY OF DREISSENA POLYMORPHA PALL: II. CORRELATION OF THE RHYTHMS OF ADDUCTOR ACTIVITY, FEEDING, DIGESTION AND EXCRETION Get access BRIAN MORTON BRIAN MORTON Department of Zoology, Chelsea College of Science and Technology, University of London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Molluscan Studies, Volume 38, Issue 5, August 1969, Pages 401–414, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.mollus.a065060 Published: 01 August 1969
Effect of Phosphate Solubilising Bacteria Bacillus PSB24 on Growth of Tomato Plants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Soils contain substantial reserves of total phosphorus but majority is present in the form of insoluble phosphates and hence cannot be utilized by the plants. To overcome this P deficiency in soils, P fertilizers are applied. However, after application, a considerable amount of P is rapidly transformed into less available forms by forming a complex with Al or Fe in acid soils or Ca in calcareous soils before plant roots had a chance to absorb it. Thus the fixation and precipitation of P cause P deficiency, and in turn, restrict the growth of crops severely. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) are ubiquitous in soils and capable of hydrolyzing organic and inorganic phosphorus from insoluble compounds and converting to the soluble forms. Use of PSB as inoculants increases P uptake by plants and thus play a role in plant phosphorus nutrition by enhancing its availability to plants and improving their growth and yield. In the present study, tomato plants were inoculated with culture isolate Bacillus PSB 24 and various morphological growth characters were analyzed at different time intervals. The culture inoculum of Bacillus PSB24 caused an increase in growth parameters over control and showed better growth in shoot as well as root and an enhancement in both root and shoot dry and fresh weight in tomato plants.
Designing Visual Guides for Casual Listeners of Live Orchestral Music

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The experience of attending live orchestra performances is rich in cultural heritage and can be emotionally moving; however, for those unfamiliar with classical music, it can be intimidating. In this work, we explore the use of visual listening guides to supplement live performances with information that supports the casual listener's increased engagement. We employ human-centred design practices to evaluate a currently implemented guide with users, from which we extracted design requirements. We then identify dimensions of a music piece that may be visualized and created sample guide designs. Finally, we presented these designs to experts of visualization and music theory. Feedback from the two evaluations informs design implications to consider when creating visual guides of classical music for casual listeners.
Control of First-Generation European Corn Borer, 1987

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract A small-plot experiment was initiated in late whorl corn near Crookston, Minn., to evaluate granular insecticide performance. Plots of 1 row (30-inch spacing) by 50 ft were established in a commercial field planted 5 May. Insecticides were applied with a single-row electric Gandy grandular applicator 10 Jul. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Light winds (3-5 mph) and warm temperatures (85°F) prevailed during application, but 11/2 inches of rain began to fall within 8 h after application. Insecticide performance was evaluated 19 Aug by counting damage sites (tunnels in stalk, ear shank and ear) in 10 plants/plot.
Suitability of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1) as a Measure of Relative Growth Rates in Lingcod

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The effectiveness of spatial management strategies is typically evaluated through traditional biological measurements of size, density, biomass, and the diversity of species inside and outside management boundaries. However, there have been relatively few attempts to evaluate the processes underlying these biological patterns. In this study, we take the first step toward developing a relative index of body growth for lingcod Ophiodon elongatus using plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) with the ultimate goal of measuring spatial differences in relative growth rates. Insulin-like growth factor 1 is one of the principal hormones that stimulates growth at the cellular level in all vertebrates and shows significant relationships with body growth in many fishes. In the laboratory, we found that the level of IGF1 was related to the instantaneous growth of juvenile lingcod. In the field, we measured size, condition, and plasma IGF1 level in 149 lingcod from eight locations inside and outside marine protected areas in the San Juan Islands, Washington. The IGF1 levels in wild lingcod were highly variable from site to site for both genders, and we were able to detect differences in IGF1 across space in males. Multivariate analyses showed that the spatial patterns of IGF1 differed from those of traditional biological measurements. More work is needed to validate the relationship between IGF1 and growth in larger individuals, but our research shows the potential for IGF1 to be used as an ecological indicator.
Chronische pijn bij dementie en bij aandoeningen met een verhoogd risico op cognitieve achteruitgang. [Chronic pain in dementia and in disorders with a high risk for congnitive impairment]

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ageing increases the risk for the etiology of chronic pain and dementia. hence, the increase in the number of elderly people implies that the number of elderly with dementia suffering from chronic pain will increase as well. A key question relates to if and how patients with dementia perceive pain. the inadequateness of pain assessment, particularly in a more advanced stage, is also reflected in a decreased use of analgesics by elderly people with dementia. Insight into possible changes in pain experience as have been observed in the few available clinical studies, could be enhanced by knowledge about the neuropathology which may differ per subtype of dementia. It is striking that pain has not been examined in degenerative diseases of the central nervous system with a high risk for cognitive impairment such as Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis. In these disorders, pain is a prominent clinical symptom and to date it is not known whether the experience of pain will change in a stage in which patients become cognitively impaired. Finally, a number of instruments which are most appropriate to assess pain in communicative and non-communicative patients are discussed.
The first demonstration of high-speed LiNbO3 thin-film optical modulators operating at the wavelength of 2 μm

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We demonstrate the first high-speed LiNbO 3 thin-film optical modulators operating at 2 μm wavelength. The measured L is 3.67 V·cm, and the electro-optic bandwidth is > 22 GHz (beyond the measurement limit of photodetector).
Technological aspect of designing common knitted fabric structure with UV protection property - A review

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The main purpose of this paper is to review the relationship between the structure of knitted fabric and the Ultraviolet (UV) protection of cotton fabrics. The knitting fundamental is discussed because it is the main key issue in making the knitted fabric. In addition, the effect of the three major factors, e.g., the fabric structure, fabric weight and fabric thickness, on the UV protection property is also comprehensively discussed.
River water level prediction modelling for flood monitoring using NNARX

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Flood prediction modelling is one of the most popular research areas among researcher around the world. This is due to negative impacts to the economy and society that were caused by flood. The dynamic behaviours of river water level that causing flood were commonly modelled by researcher either by equations using physic theories or by black-box model. River water level prediction model that could predict the occurrence of flood ahead of time was not developed or explored intensively. This paper proposed river water level prediction modelling for flood monitoring at Kuala Lumpur flood prone area using Neural Network Autoregressive with Exogenous Inputs (NNARX). Data used for modelling, validation and testing were previous event flood real-time water level data from the respective authority department. The modelling was carried out using Neural Network Toolbox of MATLAB. The prediction performance of NNARX model using 3 hours, 4 hours and 5 hours prediction time was presented. Results show that NNARX model with 4 hours prediction time achieved reliable prediction result.
Spectroscopic Characterization of the ATPase of the Thermophilic Bacterium PS3 and Its Isolated Subunits1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The ATPase of the thermophilic bacterium PS3, TF0F1, and its subunits has been isolated and their absorption and fluorescence spectra have been measured. The following results were obtained: The tryptophan content of the subunits was determined spectroscopically. Although tryptophan (Trp) and tyrosine (Tyr) are found in TF1, the fluorescence spectrum of native TF1 and its subunits is dominated by Tyr fluorescence; this is in contrast to other proteins. Among (native) TF1 and its subunits only TF1 and the alpha-subunit show a weak fluorescence of Trp, which is blue-shifted, indicating a location in a strongly hydrophobic environment. TF0 fluorescence is dominated by the strong Trp fluorescence. TF0F1 fluorescence is also dominated by the Trp residues. Additionally, its fluorescence is higher than the sum of the isolated TF0 and TF1, indicating marked changes in the microenvironment of the fluorescing aminoacids upon binding of TF1 to TF0.
The Logarithmic Minkowski conjecture and the $L_p$-Minkowski Problem

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The current state of art concerning the $L_p$ Minkowski problem as a Monge-Ampere equation on the sphere and Lutwak's Logarithmic Minkowski conjecture about the uniqueness of even solution in the $p=0$ case are surveyed and connections to many related problems are discussed.
HEARING IN THE BLACKFOOTED PENGUIN, Spheniscus demersus , AS REPRESENTED BY THE COCHLEAR POTENTIALS

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A study of the hearing of the penguin Spheniscus demersus , in terms of the cochlear potentials, showed sensitivity over a range at least of 100 to 15,000 Hz, with the best sensitivity in the region of 600 to 4000 Hz. The form of the sensitivity function is consistent with the vocalizations of these animals. In general, this species of penguin shows good agreement with other birds in both the form and range of auditory sensitivity.
False-Positive Cryptococcal Antigen Test Associated with Use of BBL Port-A-Cul Transport Vials

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT A total of 52 residual CSF and serum specimens, which were originally negative with the Cryptococcal Antigen Latex Agglutination System (CALAS), were shown to become falsely positive after placement in BBL Port-A-Cul anaerobic transport vials. This transport device, although excellent for specimen transportation for subsequent culture, should not be used if cryptococcal antigen testing is needed.
Creating Parties in Congress: The Emergence of a Social Network

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines the creation of political parties in Congress with a focus on ties between emerging party leaders and members, 1789–1802. Using an egocentric selection model, we examine who John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison tied with as a function of the characteristics of the emerging leader, a member of Congress, and dyadic relationships between the two. We also examine whether ties affected the party chosen by members of Congress. Everything else equal, we find leaders were more likely to form ties with ideologically similar members, but find no evidence of them tieing with more pivotal voters. In response, members were more likely to join the Federalist party if they received a Federalist tie, but they were not more likely to join the Republican party if they received a Republican tie. Understanding such relationships is an important step for understanding the creation of parties in the United States.
AatMatch: Adaptive Adversarial Training in Semi-Supervised Learning Based on Data-Driven Decision-Making Models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Data-driven decision-making is the process of using data to inform your decision-making process and validate a course of action before committing to it. The quality of unlabeled data in real-world scenarios presents challenges for semi-supervised learning. Effectively leveraging unlabeled data for learning is challenging due to the need for labeled information, while the scarcity of labeled data requires efficient and flexible data augmentation methods. To address these challenges, this paper proposes the AatMatch algorithm, which uses a momentum model, coarse learning, and adversarial training to generate adversarial examples for different classes. The algorithm sets the threshold for generating pseudo-labels and reinforces the results with adversarial perturbations based on evaluation results. In addition, a more refined learning strategy for unlabeled data is adjusted by setting adaptive weights based on the confidence of each unlabeled data point, thereby mitigating the adverse effects of low-confidence unlabeled data on the model. Experimental evaluations on several datasets, including CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and SVHN, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed AatMatch algorithm in semi-supervised learning. Specifically, the algorithm achieves the lowest error rates for multiple scenarios on these datasets.
CNS-derived neural progenitor cells for gene transfer of nerve growth factor to the adult rat brain: complete rescue of axotomized cholinergic neurons after transplantation into the septum

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A CNS-derived conditionally immortalized temperature-sensitive neural progenitor (CINP) cell line was used to generate NGF-secreting cells suitable for intracerebral transplantation. The cells were transduced by repeated retroviral infection, using a vector containing the mouse NGF cDNA under the control of the LTR promoter. Subcloning at the permissive temperature (33 degrees C) identified a highly NGF-secreting clone (NGF-CINP), which contained multiple copies of the transgene and released NGF at a rate of 2 ng/hr/10(5) cells in vitro, both at 33 and 37 degrees C, which was approximately 1 order of magnitude higher than what was possible to achieve in the heterogeneously infected cell cultures. After transplantation to the brain, the NGF-CINPs differentiated into cells with a predominant glia-like morphology and migrated for a distance of 1–1.5 mm from the implantation site into the surrounding host tissue, without any signs of overgrowth and tumor formation. Grafts of NGF-CINP cells implanted into the septum of adult rats with complete fimbria-fornix lesion blocked over 90% of the cholinergic cell loss in the medial septum and grafts placed in the intact striatum induced accumulation of low-affinity NGF receptor positive fibers around the implantation site. Expression of the NGF transgene in vivo was demonstrated by RT-PCR at 2 weeks after grafting. It is concluded that the immortalized neural progenitors have a number of advantageous properties that make them highly useful experimental tools for gene transfer to the adult CNS.
International Consensus Guidelines for the Optimal Use of the Polymyxins: Endorsed by the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP), European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID), Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), International Society for Anti‐infective Pharmacology (ISAP), Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), and Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists (SIDP)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The polymyxin antibiotics colistin (polymyxin E) and polymyxin B became available in the 1950s and thus did not undergo contemporary drug development procedures. Their clinical use has recently resurged, assuming an important role as salvage therapy for otherwise untreatable gram‐negative infections. Since their reintroduction into the clinic, significant confusion remains due to the existence of several different conventions used to describe doses of the polymyxins, differences in their formulations, outdated product information, and uncertainties about susceptibility testing that has led to lack of clarity on how to optimally utilize and dose colistin and polymyxin B. We report consensus therapeutic guidelines for agent selection and dosing of the polymyxin antibiotics for optimal use in adult patients, as endorsed by the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP), Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), International Society of Anti‐Infective Pharmacology (ISAP), Society for Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), and Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists (SIDP). The European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) endorses this document as a consensus statement. The overall conclusions in the document are endorsed by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). We established a diverse international expert panel to make therapeutic recommendations regarding the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the drugs and pharmacokinetic targets, polymyxin agent selection, dosing, dosage adjustment and monitoring of colistin and polymyxin B, use of polymyxin‐based combination therapy, intrathecal therapy, inhalation therapy, toxicity, and prevention of renal failure. The treatment guidelines provide the first ever consensus recommendations for colistin and polymyxin B therapy that are intended to guide optimal clinical use.
Opportunities for Overcoming Mycobacterium tuberculosis Drug Resistance: Emerging Mycobacterial Targets and Host-Directed Therapy

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The ever-increasing incidence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections has invigorated the focus on the discovery and development of novel treatment options. The discovery and investigation of essential mycobacterial targets is of utmost importance. In addition to the discovery of novel targets, focusing on non-lethal pathways and the use of host-directed therapies has gained interest. These adjunctive treatment options could not only lead to increased antibiotic susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but also have the potential to avoid the emergence of drug resistance. Host-directed therapies, on the other hand, can also reduce the associated lung pathology and improve disease outcome. This review will provide an outline of recent opportunities.
Review and Prospect of Mindfulness Training for Intervention of Academic Burnout

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Academic burnout involves the negative emotions of exhaustion and evasion caused by excessive academic load, low sense of accomplishment, and cynicism for studies.It has gradually become a psychological crisis for many contemporary students.Purpose: This paper attempts to summarize the research results of mindfulness training for intervention of academic burnout and propose prospects for future related research.Methods: Review the past experimental studies on mindfulness intervention in academic burnout, summarize the methods used in previous studies, and compare the results obtained.Conclusion: Even if mindfulness training has a certain intervention effect on academic burnout, there are still areas for improvement in future research: (1) The research methods are insufficient.Specifically, the RCT design is not rigorous, the indicators of intervention effect are relatively simple, and the number of longitudinal studies is not enough.(2) Further research is required to explore effective academic burnout interventions for different student groups.