jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Embolization of the meningohypophyseal trunk as a cause of diabetes insipidus.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We present an unusual case of diabetes insipidus occurring after selective embolization of 50% dextrose and pure ethanol into an enlarged left meningohypophyseal trunk (MHT) supplying a dural carotid cavernous fistula. The inferior hypophyseal artery was not opacified during the selective preembolization MHT injection; however, diabetes insipidus developed abruptly a few hours after the procedure. The patient required intranasal 1-deamino-(8-D-arginine)-vasopressin for approximately 3 months, after which his symptoms resolved. The hazards of using liquid embolic agents, especially ethanol, in the cavernous branches of the internal carotid artery should always be borne in mind.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N‐Benzylallylamines by Reductive Amination with Selenophenol Generated Catalytically.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Which educational role can Libraries play in a University learning environment?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Objective – This study assesses the skills of students in information literacy through course work, embedded in the curriculum. Methods – Data has been collected trough five different modes: From questionnaires, journals by students and teachers of the research strategies used during the course Classroom instruction and observation of skills and technology application proficiencies Face to face conversation with the students and the faculty members involved in the program. Web-organised library survey. Project coordinator: Alexandra Angeletaki, University library of Trondheim Email: alexandra.angeletaki@ub.ntnu.no Description: The traditional way of assessing library service quality is to measure the numbers of users and resource materials purchased each year by the library users (Quantitative). But can this type of information help the Library to establish itself as an important educational component, meeting its role in the digital information world with a high academic standard that can influence the research outcome of the faculty it serves. What will the future Library environment be, if one takes in consideration the technological change of the library in place to the library in “Space”? The aim should be to maximise not only the services in numbers as they are easy numeric figures to measure, but in quality that meets the academic requirements of a research Library with educational programs exerting influence on the learning experience of its users. It is consequent then that such a measurement will have to be empowered in order to increase academic literacy and research competence.The University Library of Trondheim has been working the last 2 years in collecting data about the learning process of archaeology students trained in Information literacy workshops in collaboration with the Institute of Archaeology from the University of Trondheim.In 2010 our department introduced the use of reading devices for first year students of two different curriculums Archaeology and Chemistry. Three reading devices were filled up with the texts of the subjects taught and the students that were chosen to participate in the program will be giving at the end of the Spring semester 2010 an account of the use of the reading devices. The overall aim of the project is to collect data about the use of e-books and digitised documents for a specific purpose as important as the final exam.
The use of accident data in problem identification

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the historical use of accident data and the traditional 'traffic engineering' use in the collision diagram to determine treatments for specific sites and to study the effects of the treatments. The concepts of the collision diagram are then extended to identify problems in general for a whole state, city or region. It is shown how the problem can be further analysed or broken into component parts to identify the predominant characteristics of each major accident type (a).
High resolution Magic Angle Spinning Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Facility for Actinides-bearing compounds

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) using Magic Angle Spinning (MAS) is a very powerful analytical method as it is sensitive to short-range and atomic scale structure. Moreover, this technique allows the study of amorphous samples, and minor crystalline phases, sometimes beyond detection limits of X-ray diffraction (XRD). In 2007, Ian Farnan, Herman Cho and William J. Weber, at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), caused a stir in the actinide community with their MAS-NMR investigation of a-irradiation damage in natural and 238/239Pu-doped zircons (ZrSiO4). At the Joint Research Centre's (JRC) Institute for Transuranium Elements (ITU), we were immediately enthusiastic about this breakthrough and sought to establish a similar facility in Europe. In this publication, we will give an overview about the new and unique NMR spectrometer with an active glovebox allowing to perform MAS experiments at very high-spinning speed on highly radioactive compounds. Some of the first and very promising results will also be presented.
Classifying quantum phases with the Kirby torus trick

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Classifying phases of local quantum systems is a general problem that\nincludes special cases such as free fermions, commuting projectors, and others.\nAn important distinction in this classification should be made between\nclassifying periodic and aperiodic systems. A related distinction is that\nbetween homotopy invariants (invariants which remain constant so long as\ncertain general properties such as locality, gap, and others hold) and locally\ncomputable invariants (properties of the system that cannot change from one\nregion to another without producing a gapless edge between them). We attack\nthis problem using a technique inspired by Kirby's "torus trick" in topology.\nWe use this trick to reproduce results for free fermions (in particular, using\nthe trick to reduce the aperiodic classification to the simpler problem of\nperiodic classification). We also show that a similar trick works for\ninteracting phases which are nontrivial but lack anyons; these results include\nsymmetry protected phases. A key part of this work is an attempt to classify\nquantum cellular automata (QCA).\n
Public relations theory: An agonistic critique of the turns to dialogue and symmetry

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This is a conceptual article that seeks to apply agonistic theories of democracy to critique the embracing of dialogic communication in public relations theory. Several strands of scholarship, despite their vastly different starting points and epistemological assumptions, have converged on advancing dialogic forms of communication as representing the best normative theories for shifting practice towards what might be considered civic, democracy-friendly norms. As a consequence, theorising has emphasised compromise and consensus which pressurises practitioners to adopt ostensibly non-partisan styles of communication. In contrast, agonistic democratic theory elevates the value of permanent contest, dissensus and performance in vibrant public spaces which expose and test the legitimacy of those who hold power and privilege. However, the disputes in other academic fields between advocates of deliberative and agonistic approaches have up to now been largely absent in the public relations literature. This article uses agonistic theory, particularly the work of Chantal Mouffe, to critique some of the assumptions that have been used to apply to public relations: (a) Habermasian deliberation and (b) two-way symmetrical communication. Finally, the article discusses the value of the agonistic framework for building new models for understanding the forms of public relations that would support democratic practice.
Protection of investors in voluntary delisting on the U.S. stock market

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In recent years we have witnessed a significant increasing in the number of voluntary delisted companies from the U.S. stock mar-ket.Delisting has primarily an adverse impact on the minority shareholders’ interests. This study examines the effectiveness of the U.S. current system of investor protection in voluntary delisting. Legal analysis of legislation and court practice, historical overview of the U.S. regulation of delisting, comparative analysis of 28 lead-ing stock markets permitted me to formulate policy implications. The author suggests a substantial re-thinking of the existing rules and practices of delisting stocks from the U.S. equity markets by means of the shareholders’ approval of delisting on the issuer’s request.
Evaluation of a cuff-botton like canula for tracheal stoma.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Since the cuff-botton like canula for tracheal stoma was reported by Hashimoto et al. in 1980, we have experienced additional 25 cases. The canula was not kept in 5 cases because of various disturbances. Some improvements have been added to the canula since the first report. In the present paper, we report an evaluation and suggestion for the proper usage of the canula.
Study on modulation transfer characteristic of proximity X-ray imaging system

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This article proposes a system-level optical modulation transfer characteristic detection methodology of proximity focusing X-ray imaging based on principle of contrast fitting to accurate assessment of proximity focusing X-ray imaging system. Firstly, theoretical modulation transfer characteristic of proximity X-ray imaging system is investigated from three aspects: the image-intensifier tubes, the ray source, imaging restriction. Then the generation process of ray source and imaging restriction of its spot size constraints was analyzed from the point of the wave theory. Next, as seen by quantum statistical, imaging noise origin was summarized. Based on the above restriction conditions, finally, system-level optical modulation transfer characteristic can be accurately fitted and being analyzed by different frequency of lead raster imaging was realtime online detected by fluorescence microscopy system. Time domain filtering is not only an effective way to reduce noise constraint but also avoid changing the original imagery information.
Estimating Trends in US Income Inequality Using the Current Population Survey: The Importance of Controlling for Censoring

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Using internal and public use March Current Population Survey (CPS) data, we analyze trends in US income inequality .We find that the upward trend in income inequality prior to 1993 significantly slowed thereafter once we control for top coding in the public use data and censoring in the internal data.Because both series do not capture trends at the very top of the income distribution, we use a multiple imputation approach in which values for censored observations are imputed using draws from a Generalized Beta distribution of the Second Kind (GB2) fitted to internal data.Doing so, we find income inequality trends similar to those derived from unadjusted internal data.Our trend results are generally robust to the choice of inequality index, whether Gini coefficient or other commonly-used indices.When we compare our best estimates of the income shares held by the richest tenth with those reported by Piketty and Saez (2003), our trends fairly closely match their trends, except for the top 1 percent of the distribution.Thus, we argue that if United States income inequality has been substantially increasing since 1993, such increases are confined to this very high income group.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of a large-scale crèche intervention to prevent child drowning in rural Bangladesh

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Drowning is the leading cause of death among children 12–59 months old in rural Bangladesh. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of a large-scale crèche (daycare) intervention in preventing child drowning. The cost of the crèches intervention was evaluated using an ingredients-based approach and monthly expenditure data collected prospectively throughout the study period from two agencies implementing the intervention in different study areas. The estimate of the effectiveness of the crèches intervention was based on a previous study. The study evaluated the cost-effectiveness from both a program and societal perspective. From the program perspective the annual operating cost of a crèche was $416.35 (95% CI: $221 to $576), the annual cost per child was $16 (95% CI: $8 to $23), and the incremental-cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per life saved with the crèches was $17,008 (95% CI: $8817 to $24,619). From the societal perspective (including parents time valued) the ICER per life saved was − $166,833 (95% CI: − $197,421 to − $141,341)—meaning crèches generated net economic benefits per child enrolled. Based on the ICER per disability-adjusted-life years averted from the societal perspective (excluding parents time), $1978, the crèche intervention was cost-effective even when the societal economic benefits were ignored. Based on the evidence, the crèche intervention has great potential for generating net societal economic gains by reducing child drowning at a program cost that is reasonable.
Inhibition of spinal 15-LOX-1 attenuates TLR4-dependent, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug–unresponsive hyperalgesia in male rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Although nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the first line of therapeutics for the treatment of mild to moderate somatic pain, they are not generally considered to be effective for neuropathic pain. In the current study, direct activation of spinal Toll-like 4 receptors (TLR4) by the intrathecal (IT) administration of KDO2 lipid A (KLA), the active component of lipopolysaccharide, elicits a robust tactile allodynia that is unresponsive to cyclooxygenase inhibition, despite elevated expression of cyclooxygenase metabolites in the spinal cord. Intrathecal KLA increases 12-lipoxygenase-mediated hepoxilin production in the lumbar spinal cord, concurrent with expression of the tactile allodynia. The TLR4-induced hepoxilin production was also observed in primary spinal microglia, but not in astrocytes, and was accompanied by increased microglial expression of the 12/15-lipoxygenase enzyme 15-LOX-1. Intrathecal KLA-induced tactile allodynia was completely prevented by spinal pretreatment with the 12/15-lipoxygenase inhibitor CDC or a selective antibody targeting rat 15-LOX-1. Similarly, pretreatment with the selective inhibitors ML127 or ML351 both reduced activity of the rat homolog of 15-LOX-1 heterologously expressed in HEK-293T cells and completely abrogated nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug–unresponsive allodynia in vivo after IT KLA. Finally, spinal 12/15-lipoxygenase inhibition by nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) both prevents phase II formalin flinching and reverses formalin-induced persistent tactile allodynia. Taken together, these findings suggest that spinal TLR4-mediated hyperpathic states are mediated at least in part through activation of microglial 15-LOX-1.
Conservation law for electromagnetic fields in a space-time-varying medium and its implications

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We discuss the propagation of electromagnetic waves in a space-time modulated medium, for which neither energy nor momentum remains conserved. We have found a new conservation law when modulation moves at a constant speed v in a traveling-wave fashion. We use this law to study how light is scattered inside such a medium. We consider both the subluminal (v < c) andsuperluminal (v > c) cases and find that they differ considerably in terms of what remains conserved. We show that the total number of photons is conserved in the subluminal case. In contrast, it is the difference between the forward and backward moving photons that remains conserved in the superluminal case. We also study the reciprocity issue for a space-time modulated medium and found that reciprocity holds in all situations. Here, we develop a quantum formulation of our scattering problem and show that the subluminal case is similar to the action of a beam splitter. In the superluminal case, photon pairs can be generated from vacuum in a fashion analogous to the two-mode frequency down-conversion process.
Chromatin structure related to oncogenesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Chromatin is the fundamental structure of genomic DNA in eukaryotic cells. The nucleosome, the primary unit of chromatin, consists of DNA and histone proteins, and is important for the maintenance of genomic DNA. Histone mutations are present in many types of cancers, suggesting that chromatin and/or nucleosome structures could be closely related to cancer development. Histone modifications and histone variants are also involved in regulating chromatin and nucleosome structures. Chromatin structures are dynamically changed by nucleosome binding proteins. In this review article, we discuss the current progress toward understanding the relationship between chromatin structure and cancer development.
Comparison of Selected Physiological and Personality Variables in Regular and Nonregular Adult Male Exercisers

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare regular and nonregular adult exercisers on selected physiological and personality measures over a four-year period. Forty-eight participants in the 1971 Purdue Adult Fitness Program were retested four years later. As a result three groups of 16 subjects each were established, based on responses to an Exercise and Leisure Questionnaire. Relevant physiological data were collected and physical fitness scores were obtained for each subject using the criterion of Ismail and others. Personality traits were assessed using the same form of the Cattell 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire as both pre- and posttests. The data were analyzed at both test periods using the ANOVA technique. The effect of different activity levels was assessed by several fitness parameters such as percent lean body weight, resting and submaximal heart rates, submaximal RQ, [Vdot]O2 max, and physical fitness score. The two regularly active groups increased significantly in physical fitness over the four-year period. At both test periods the regularly active group was significantly more confident (Factor O) than the other two groups, indicating that the relationship between physical fitness and self-confidence is stable.
Progression of liver disease in children and adults with lysosomal acid lipase deficiency

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and objective: Manifestations of the autosomal recessive disorder lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL-D) include hepatomegaly, elevated serum liver enzymes, and progressive liver disease. We report an analysis of time to progression from first clinical manifestation to first documentation of hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, or liver transplantation from an observational study of pediatric and adult patients with LAL-D (clinical trial registration: NCT01528917). Methods: Data were analyzed from 31 patients with available biopsy data and 1 patient without biopsy data who had undergone liver transplantation. Time to first documentation of fibrosis, cirrhosis, or liver transplantation following the first LAL-D clinical manifestation was estimated using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Results: The median time to an event was 3.1 years. Conclusions: These findings illustrate the progression of liver damage in LAL-D and the elevated risk for liver transplantation among children and adults with LAL-D.
Effect of Attapulgite and Carbon Black on the Properties of Natural Rubber

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The modified attapulgite / natural rubber composites (MANRC), attapulgite / natural rubber composites (ANRC) and carbon black N330 / natural rubber composites (CBNRC) were prepared by co-coagulating rubber latex and clay aqueous suspension,respectively. The modified attapulgite was attained by dispersion with an ultrasonic cell pulverizer first and then modification with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The micrographs of field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) showed that the CTAB-modified attapulgite have the best dispersibility in the composites. The mechanical properties of MANRC are the best. The best properties of MANRC can be obtained when 20phrCTAB-modified attapulgite was added, the tensile strength, the 200% tensile modulus, the tear strength and Shore A hardness increased by 58.2%, 109.3%, 46.0%, 27.8%, respectively, compared with CBNRC.
Voltage Oriented Based Control Strategy for Cascaded PWM STATCOM

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a three-phase 2N+1 level transformer less cascaded pulse width modulation (PWM) static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) that intended for installation on industrial and utility power distribution systems. Based on voltage oriented control (VOC), this paper proposes a control algorithm that devotes itself not only to meet the reactive power compensation but also to voltage balance of isolated and floating dc capacitors of each H-bridge converter. Based on the relationship of reactive power and active power for each H-bridge converter, the proposed control system is detailed, and the simulation results also demonstrate the validation of proposed control strategy.
Task Analysis and Design Plans in Formal Specification Design

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents BENTON, a prototype system demonstrating task analysis and multi-agent reasoning applied to formal specification synthesis. BENTON transforms specifications written as attribute-value pairs into Larch Modula-3 interface language and Larch Shared Language specifications. BENTON decomposes the software specification design task into synthesis, analysis and evaluation subtasks. Each subtask is assigned a specific design method based on problem and domain characteristics. This task analysis is achieved using blackboard knowledge sources and multi-agent reasoning employing design plans to implement different problem solving methods. Knowledge sources representing different problem solving methodologies monitor blackboard spaces and activate when they are applicable. When executed, Design plans send subtasks to agents that select from available problem solving methodologies. BENTON agents and knowledge sources use case-based reasoning, schemata-based reasoning and procedure execution as their fundamental reasoning methods. This paper presents an overview of the BENTON design model, its agent architecture and plan execution capabilities, and two annotated examples of BENTON problem solving activities.