jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The roles of conflict resolution scholars in Georgian–Abkhaz and Georgian–South-Ossetian conflict and conflict resolution

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The evolving close relationship between the scholarly study of conflict resolution and the practice of waging and resolving conflicts can be seen in Georgian–Abkhaz and Georgian–South-Ossetian relations from 1992 to 2008. This article focuses on two related case studies of the many roles played by international conflict resolution scholars in Georgian–Abkhaz and in Georgian–South-Ossetian relations from 1992 to 2008. Drawing on interviews with insider-partial conflict resolution scholars, relevant international scholar-practitioners of conflict resolution, and the leadership of all parties of the conflicts, conducted between 1996 and 2008, the article presents a comprehensive analysis of the variety of roles conflict resolution scholar-practitioners have played in these conflicts during the wars and the recovery from war. The analysis suggests the need for clear ethical guidelines that cover traditional scholarly roles as well as scholar-practitioner roles including advising conflict parties, facilitating conflict resolution processes and analysing the conflicts. In particular, dilemmas emerge as scholar-practitioners move back and forth between these modes of engaged scholarship.
Rice Mapping Using RADARSAT-2 Dual- and Quad-Pol Data in a Complex Land-Use Watershed: Cau River Basin (Vietnam)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The strong temporal backscatter signature of rice growing above the water's surface allows for the use of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) for paddy rice crop mapping in Southern Vietnam (Mekong Delta). In Northern Vietnam (Red River Delta), rice mapping using SAR is a challenge and is rarely performed because of the complex land-use/land-cover. Nevertheless, information about rice fields is needed for hydrological simulations in river basins such as the Cau River basin. The objective of this research is to investigate the potential of RADARSAT-2 band- C in identifying rice fields over a large and fragmented land-use area. Two methods are proposed, one for each data type, adapted to the land-use/land-cover of the study area. The thresholding technique, with a statistical analysis of the temporal variation of rice backscattering, was applied to the HH like-polarized ratio of dual-pol data. The support vector machine (SVM) algorithm was applied to the full quad-pol and a single HH-polarization calculated from polarimetric data. This study demonstrates that RADARSAT-2 dual- and quad-pol data can be successfully used to identify cultivated rice fields. However, the dual-pol data seems less efficient than the quad-pol data and the SVM classification is more flexible than the thresholding technique. Between the full quad-pol and a single polarization, the overall classification accuracy shows that the results derived from the single HH polarization are 3 to 10% less accurate than those derived from the classification of full quad-pol data. The results show the usefulness of polarimetric C-band data for the identification of rice fields in Northern Vietnam.
‘Clutch-the-ear’ and get enrolled: The antagonistic intrusion of indigenous knowledge systems to the detriment of contemporary educational developments

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background: The use of non-conventional methods of measurement is a long-established practice in most societies. Aim: To investigate the effectiveness of non-conventional methods of measurement in the placement of children in schools in general and the ‘clutch-the-ear’ and get enrolled age measurement practice in particular. To expose the shortfalls of a classroom setup in which age-for-grade enrolment is distorted. Setting: Zimbabwe. Methods: Literature review and researchers experiences. Results: The use of non-conventional methods has both pros and cons. The practice can be hailed for showing the indigenous knowledge systems as giving, to an extent, transparent and accurate maturity prediction ways that require preservation. However, it works perfectly for people of average height while prejudicing the outliers. The immediate conspicuous consequence is the late enrolment of the affected. In the case of the ‘clutch-the-ear’ and get enrolled measure, findings are discussed below. Conclusion: The use of non-conventional methods of age measurement unobtrusively upsets education quality through facilitating stereotyping, discrimination and age-heterogeneous classes. Researchers propose a ‘backward-integration-enrolment’ strategy; getting into communities to enrol not to wait for the community to bring children to school.
A helping hand when drowning: The versatile role of ethylene in root flooding resilience

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ethylene plays a very important role as a stress signal for flooded plants, triggering a range of morphological and metabolic changes that help plants acclimate and survive these conditions. The present review surveys the current knowledge on the mechanisms underlying ethylene-dependent survival responses to waterlogging. We untangle the complexity of waterlogging signaling and response, focusing on root and shoot acclimation strategies mediated by ethylene. We describe how ethylene can have versatile roles in waterlogging tolerance, acting both as a local and long-distance signal during soil flooding and reoxygenation. We discuss the internal and external factors contributing to ethylene versatility in waterlogging responses. Finally, we highlight the current challenges and future research directions in the field, focusing not only on ethylene-mediated responses but also on flooding research applications in crop improvement.
Detection, inhibition and molecular analysis of multidrug resistant aerobic Gram-negative clinical isolates from a tertiary hospital in Nigeria

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Detection, inhibition and molecular analysis of multidrug resistant aerobic Gram-negative clinical isolates from a tertiary hospital in Nigeria

O. ADELUOLA 1, 3, K. S. OYEDEJI 2 , U. E. MENDIE 1 , J.R. JOHNSON3 AND J.R. PORTER3

Dept. of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos. Nigeria
Dept. of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, University of Lagos. Nigeria.
Dept. Of Biological Sciences, Misher College of Arts and Science, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia. USA.

Corresponding author:
Adebowale Olufemi Adeluola B.Pharm., PhD
Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology,
University of Lagos, Nigeria.
Phone: +2347056004859; E-mail address: debodelu@gmail.com; aadeluola@unilag.edu.ng

ABSTRACT
The challenge of combating the ever emerging multi-drug resistant (MDR) clinical isolates in the face of a slow rate of discovery of new classes of antibiotics is a problem in antibiotic chemotherapy. This study was aimed at (i) linking phenotypic antibiotic drug-resistance characteristics detected in randomly-sampled clinical isolates with detectable genetic markers. (ii) screening a suspected efflux pump inhibitor (EPI) [1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-piperazine (TFMBP)], which could be helpful in combating this challenge.
Fifty-one isolates; 28 Klebsiella pneumonia, 3 E. Coli, 1 Enterobacter cloacae, 1 E. aerogenes, 5 Proteus mirabilis, 4 Providencia rettgeri, 1 P. stuartii, 1 Serratia liquefaciens, 6 S. odorifera, and 1 Acinetobacter baumannii obtained from infections of urinary tract, upper respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, ear swab, eye swab, and blood culture were screened for (i) antibiotic-susceptibility over a range of 11 classes of antibiotics, (ii) β-lactamase production, (iii) ESBL production and (iv) Efflux pump activity (EPA) in the presence and absence of 1-[3-(trifluoromethyl) benzyl]-piperazine (TFMBP). Molecular analysis was done using DNA extraction by boiling and the randomly-amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure with 2% agarose gel electrophoresis stained with ethidium bromide at 10 µg/ml and visualized by UV trans-illumination.
AmpC β-lactamase (4%) and K1 β-lactamase (5.8%) were detected with no carbapenemase producers. AcrA and AcrB marker genes were detected in 12% of the isolates while blaCTX-M (8%) and blaTEM (4%) were also detected.
Antibiotic resistance due to EPA can be combated with a suitable EPI as demonstrated by TFMBP when combined with specific antibiotics.
Keywords: TFMBP; Efflux Pump Activity; ESBL; MDR; Carbapenemase
Running Title: Inhibition and molecular analysis of multidrug resistance with Efflux pump activity.
Modern Iron orthography as a “window” to the past and future of the Ossetic language

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The research object is the orthography of the modern Ossetic (Iron) language. The aim of the study is to eliminate the gaps in the current rules of Ossetic orthography by identifying the patterns of spelling of certain groups of words, to which none of the three orthographic principles can be applied (neither phonetic, nor morphological, nor traditionally historical). The work is novel in that it is the first in Ossetic studies to explain the peculiarities of spelling certain groups of words of the Iron dialect through the phenomena of the Digor dialect. The results of the research showed the following: the status of the Digor dialect as a “boundary” between the Old Iranian and the modern Iron stages of the Ossetic language is confirmed at the level of the orthography of the Iron literary language. The spelling of the groups of Iron words considered is based on the etymological (or morphological) principle, which requires uniform spelling of specific morphemes, however, related morphemes for lexicalized words are found not in the Iron dialect of the Ossetic language itself, but in the more archaic Digor dialect. It was also shown that the morphological principle of Iron orthography should be understood as the uniform spelling of morphemes, reflecting, among other things, their historical changes.
A framework to evaluate the complexity of home care services

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the potential factors that may generate complexity in managing operations in home care (HC) organizations. Hence, a framework which might assist decision making regarding complexity‐driven issues in HC organizations is developed. Design/methodology/approach Based on a systems thinking view, a framework was developed identifying complexity factors in HC organizations. The paper is based on field research to explore the practical challenges of managing operations in HC structures. The authors additionally give a state of the art in many scientific domains; definition of complexity and its implications; complexity in health care; description of home care operations and their management. The literature review enlightens the lack of consensus on HC complexity and thus provides a broad view and a critical analysis of the underlying concepts. Findings Proposal of a HC operations complexity model (and validation due to a practical application). Practical implications The framework developed by the authors permits one to identify rapidly the existing complexity factors which may create potential damages regarding value creation and cost improvement in HC. Two kinds of HC complexity are identified: HC organization complexity and HC individual patients' therapeutical projects complexity. Complexity factors are grouped into five categories: factors related to size; factors related to variety; interdependence factors; factors related to uncertainties; and factors related to context. By identifying the factors, decision support systems and response plans may be more adapted to the potential existing short comings of operations. Originality/value Based on authors' extensive knowledge of HC practices, as well as an international systematic review of literature, this paper contributes to a better characterization of factors inducing complexity in the HC context. To the best of the authors' knowledge, operations management literature lacks a general framework enabling a better identification and understanding of what makes HC operations specific. The paper presents an innovative way to analyze HC complexity using a systems thinking‐based approach. In this sense, its contribution is very complementary to traditional operations management models.
Screening of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with high yield of SO_2 by chemical mutation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

S.cerevisiae strain SY-8 was treated with DES(diethyl sulfate) for chemical mutatin.Strain MS-10 was obtained after screening with medium contained different sulfur sources.Yield of SO2 by MS-10 was about 25 mg/L,which is much more than strated SY-8.MS-10 is a new strain with high capacity of SO2 yield.MS-10 has significantly different genetic sequences from SY-8 analyzed with RAPD.
Numerical Simulation of Aerospace Applications Using Overset Mesh

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Overset method is applied for aerospace applications to demonstrate its benefit over traditional dynamic mesh approach. Present study compares inverse distance and least square methods for overset boundary interpolation and shows the accuracy of higher order interpolation methods. An overset mesh consists of a set of overlapping component meshes, which allows complex geometries to mesh with lesser effort. Interpolation methods are enforced at internal boundaries to ensure a continuous solution in overlapping component zones. Finite volume method (FVM) with pressure based coupled solver is used to solve Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) equations. The first case study involves flow over an airfoil (NLF-0414) using static overset mesh where pressure coefficient along the airfoil surface is validated with experimental data. The second case is vortex shedding flow past a cylinder and formation of transient vortices are compared as a function of Strouhal Number (St). In the third case, forced oscillation of a supercritical wing is carried out using moving overset mesh and frequency response functions (FRF) of pressure magnitude are compared with experiment.
A REVIEW ON INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCES AND PRACTICES ON MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract: Waste generated during treatment, diagnosis, testing, and research connected to the health care of humans or animals is referred to as medical waste. Management of medical waste is a complicated field with many components relating to environmental preservation, public health, and legal compliance. An integrated system that addresses waste generation, segregation, collection, treatment, and disposal in its whole is necessary for management of medical waste. Although the composition of medical waste may contain dangerous chemicals and pathogenic viruses there is however, a latent possibility for resource recovery and reuse within its frequently inconspicuous constituents. Medical waste generation has in recent times increased as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. When comparisons are made, more medical waste is produced in developed countries than in developing ones as a result of high healthcare offered in developed countries. Medical waste tracking systems are not adequate in developing countries as compared to their developed counterparts. This paper aims to: shed light on the current state of medical waste management, highlight its environmental and public health implications; provide a comprehensive overview of different medical waste management techniques, their effectiveness, and limitations; as well as to pinpoint areas where further research is needed to improve medical waste management methods. Keywords: Medical waste, hazardous waste, segregation, disposal method, incineration, treatment method. Title: A REVIEW ON INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCES AND PRACTICES ON MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT Author: Nkululeko Mathobela International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing ISSN 2394-7330 Vol. 11, Issue 1, January 2024 - April 2024 Page No: 28-39 Novelty Journals Website: www.noveltyjournals.com Published Date: 18-January-2024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10526497 Paper Download Link (Source) https://www.noveltyjournals.com/upload/paper/A%20REVIEW%20ON%20INTERNATIONAL%20EXPERIENCES-18012024-1.pdf
Structural Studies of Hydroxylamine Oxidoreductase Reveal a Unique Heme Cofactor and a Previously Unidentified Interaction Partner

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (HAO) is a 24-heme homotrimeric enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of hydroxylamine to nitrite in nitrifying bacteria: a key reaction in the nitrogen cycle. One heme in each HAO monomer is a highly unusual heme P460 that is the site of catalysis. This was proposed to be a c-type heme that contained an additional porphyrin-tyrosine cross-link. Here, we report the crystal structure of HAO from Nitrosomonas europaea to 2.1 Å resolution that defines a different model compatible with the crystallographic and biochemical data. The structure reveals that heme P460 contains two covalent cross-links between the porphyrin and a Tyr residue. In addition, the enzyme was purified from source, and an unknown physiological HAO binding partner was present within the crystal (annotated in the genome as hypothetical protein NE1300). NE1300 may play a structural role in the ternary complex with cytochrome c554, the physiological electron acceptor of HAO.
Standard Methods of Clinical Chemistry.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This reviewer finds it difficult to evaluate volume 4 of the series,Standard Methods of Clinical Chemistry, without making some comments on the entire series. Evaluation of clinical chemical procedures is a time-consuming and difficult task. Often laboratory procedures are selected on a somewhat hit-or-miss basis with the avowed intent to evaluate the procedure more fully at a later time and compare it to rival procedures. Too often the pressures of work force long or indefinite postponement of the evaluation. When one attempts to establish a procedure in a laboratory by using the guide lines given in most journal reports, certain difficulties arise. Frequently a method is presented with minimal directions and minimal evaluation statistics. The method may well be everything the author states if the circumstances of his laboratory are duplicated. Unfortunately many times one must derive the exact directions for reproducible and accurate results by trial and error
Electromotive Force Studies in Aqueous Solutions at Elevated Temperatures. VI. The Thermodynamic Properties of HCl-NaCl Mixtures1

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectromotive Force Studies in Aqueous Solutions at Elevated Temperatures. VI. The Thermodynamic Properties of HCl-NaCl Mixtures1M. H. Lietzke, H. B. Hupf, and R. W. StoughtonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1965, 69, 7, 2395–2399Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100891a048https://doi.org/10.1021/j100891a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views70Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Effect of phosphites on the content of total phenols and chlorogenic acid in peach-Monilinia fructicola pathosystem

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Monilinia fructicola is a fungal pathogen responsible for fruit brown rot in many species of the Prunus genus. The use of abiotic elicitors as phosphites is being studied for the induction of fruit resistance as an alternative to the use of synthetic fungicides. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of phosphites on the content of total phenols, chlorogenic acid and changes in susceptibility to M. fructicola in peach fruits. Peach fruits of the cultivars Flordaking and Elegant Lady were treated with potassium- and calcium-phosphites, and harvested at three development stages: green fruit (GF), pit hardening (PH) and harvest time (HT). After harvesting, half of them were inoculated with a conidia suspension of M. fructicola under laboratory conditions. Total phenols and chlorogenic acid content were assayed on the skin of the fruits. Results showed different behaviors according to the cultivar. In Flordaking, the phosphite treatment allowed an increase in the content of total phenols in the stages of GF and PH, but not for chlorogenic acid. In the presence of inoculum, chlorogenic acid decreased, but not the total phenols. The Elegant Lady did not show differences in the content of total phenols and chlorogenic acid after the phosphite treatments. Both metabolites exhibited a seasonal behavior.
Formulation of the encapsulated rhizospheric Ochrobactrum ciceri supplemented with alginate for potential antifungal activity against the chili collar rot pathogen

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The collar rot disease caused by the soil-borne fungus Sclerotium rolfsii (Sacc.) is a major constraint of chili (Capsicum annum L.) production in Pakistan. Considering the fact that biological control has low efficacy in field conditions, their encapsulation into biopolymers like alginate meets the essential criteria for bacteria viability, effectiveness, shelf life, stability, and controlled release. The current research was conducted to develop stable alginate beads of biocontrol bacteria (Ochrobactrum ciceri) and to check their efficacy in managing collar rot disease in C. annum. In vitro, antifungal bioassays indicated that increasing concentrations (16, 24, and 64%) of culture filtrate or the cell pellets significantly decreased fungal growth and enzyme activity (catalase: CAT, peroxidase: POX, polyphenol oxidase: PPO, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase: PAL), hence increased offshoots hyphae, and caused distortion in sclerotia and hyphae. O. ciceri successfully developed stable alginate beads (AlgB-OC) as indicated by FTIR analysis, encapsulation efficiency (91.15%), moisture content (99.19%), swelling ratio (130%), particle size (wet: 2.11 mm; dry: 1.15 mm), film-forming time (48 h), and slow-release of entrapped bacteria till 30 days. AlgB-OC exhibited 76% antifungal potential in vitro and managed 70% of the collar rot disease in vivo. Moreover, the application of AlgB-OC significantly improved plant growth (length and biomass) and physio-chemical attributes (photosynthetic pigments, total protein content, activity of CAT, POX, PPO, and PAL), along with more lignin, phenolics, gel, and starch accumulation in roots. Multivariate analysis based on a total of 13 morpho-physiological indices of chili plants also identified AlgB-OC as the most effective treatment for disease management. It was concluded that the formulation of O. ciceri into alginate could be an effective alternative for managing collar rot disease in chili plants and obtaining better plant growth.