jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Polymethyl Methacrylate Augmentation on the Primary Stability of Cannulated Bone Screws in an Anterolateral Plate in Osteoporotic Vertebrae: A Human Cadaver Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Study Design Cohort study. Objective Expandable anterolateral plates facilitate the reduction of posttraumatic deformities of thoracolumbar spine injuries and are commonly used in cases of unstable injuries or compromised bone quality. In this in vitro study, the craniocaudal yield load of the osseous fixation of an anterior angular stable plate fixation system and the effect of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) screw augmentation on the primary stability of the screw–bone interface during kyphosis reduction was evaluated in 12 osteoporotic human thoracolumbar vertebrae. Methods The anterolateral stabilization device used for this study is comprised of two swiveling flanges and an expandable midsection. It facilitates the controlled reduction of kyphotic deformities in situ with a geared distractor. Single flanges were attached to 12 thoracolumbar vertebrae. Six specimens were augmented with PMMA by means of cannulated bone screws. The constructs were subjected to static, displacement-controlled craniocaudal loading to failure in a servohydraulic testing machine. Results The uncemented screws cut out at a mean 393 ± 66 N, whereas the cemented screws showed significantly higher yield load of 966 ± 166 N ( p < 0.02). We detected no significant correlation between bone mineral density and yield load in this setting. Conclusion Our results indicate that PMMA augmentation is an effective method to increase two- to threefold the primary stability of the screw–bone interface of an anterolateral spine stabilization system in osteoporotic bone. We recommend it in cases of severely compromised bone quality to reduce the risk of screw loosening during initial kyphosis correction and to increase long-term construct stability.
The Reform Process of English Medium Instruction in Korean Higher Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the context of the internationalization of higher education, many non-English speaking countries, from Europe to Asia, are promoting English as a medium of instruction (EMI). The EMI in South Korea started earlier and developed rapidly under the promotion. From the initial “Study Abroad in Korea Plan” to the World Class University (WCU) and Brain Korea 21st century (BK21) PLUS programs, with the support and guidance of the government, South Korea’s higher education has made significant progress, with the global top 100 universities in QS increasing from 1 to 6 in South Korea.
Effects of Oxygen Adsorption on the Optical Properties of Ag Nanoparticles

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Plasmonic metal nanoparticles are efficient light harvesters with a myriad of sensing- and energy-related applications. For such applications, the optical properties of nanoparticles of metals such as Cu, Ag, and Au can be tuned by controlling the composition, particle size, and shape, but less is known about the effects of oxidation on the plasmon resonances. In this work, we elucidate the effects of O adsorption on the optical properties of Ag particles by evaluating the thermodynamic properties of O-decorated Ag particles with calculations based on the density functional theory and subsequently computing the photoabsorption spectra with a computationally efficient time-dependent density functional theory approach. We identify stable Ag nanoparticle structures with oxidized edges and a quenching of the plasmonic character of the metal particles upon oxidation and trace back this effect to the sp orbitals (or bands) of Ag particles being involved both in the plasmonic excitation and in the hybridization to form bonds with the adsorbed O atoms. Our work has important implications for the understanding and application of plasmonic metal nanoparticles and plasmon-mediated processes under oxidizing environments.
Double-blind controlled trial of prostacyclin in cerebral infarction.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Thirty-two patients with acute cerebral infarction received either prostacyclin or placebo intermittently for 65 hours. Pulse and blood pressure were not altered by prostacyclin. After infusion there was no change in infarct volume or cerebral blood flow in either group. After normalisation for starting values, age and site of cerebral infarction there was a greater than 10% improvement in speech in the prostacyclin group, but minimal changes in neurological score or disability status. Age is related to neurological score at 14 days after stroke by decreasing improvement by 6.8% for each additional 10 years. This study has not been able to demonstrate that prostacyclin is effective in the treatment of ischaemic stroke, but due to the sample size the chance of proving this statistically (the power) was small. Similarly any conclusion that prostacyclin is not effective may be wrong because of the Type II error probability being high.
Slash Pile Burn Scar Restoration: Tradeoffs between Abundance of Non-Native and Native Species

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The accumulation of live and dead trees and other vegetation in forests across the western United States is producing larger and more severe wildfires. To decrease wildfire severity and increase forest resilience, foresters regularly remove excess fuel by burning woody material in piles. This common practice could also cause persistent ecosystem changes such as the alteration of soil physical and chemical properties due to extreme soil heating, which can favor invasion by non-native plant species. The abundance and species richness of native plant communities may also remain depressed for many years after burning has removed vegetation and diminished propagules in the soil. This adds to the vulnerability of burned areas to the colonization and dominance by invasive species. Research into the use of revegetation techniques following pile burning to suppress invasion is limited. Studies conducted in various woodland types that investigated revegetation of pile burn scars have met with varying success. To assess the effectiveness of restoring pile burn scars in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, we monitored vegetation in 26 scars, each about 5 m in diameter, the growing season after burning. Later that summer, we selected 14 scars for restoration that included soil scarification, seed addition, and pine duff mulch cover. We monitored the scars for four years, pre-restoration, and three years post-restoration and found that the cover of seeded species exceeded the surrounding unburned areas and unseeded controls. The restoration seeding suppressed cover of non-native species as well as native species that were not seeded during restoration. Our results suggest that restoration of pile burn scars could be a useful tool to retard the establishment of invasive plant species when there are pre-existing infestations near scars. However, this must be weighed against the simultaneous suppression of native species recruitment. Monitoring for periods more than three years will help us understand how long the suppression of native and non-native species by restoration species may persist.
GotFunding: A grant recommendation system based on scientific articles

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Obtaining funding is an important part of becoming a successful scientist. Junior faculty spend a great deal of time finding the right agencies and programs that best match their research profile. But what are the factors that influence the best publication–grant matching? Some universities might employ pre‐award personnel to understand these factors, but not all institutions can afford to hire them. Historical records of publications funded by grants can help us understand the matching process and also help us develop recommendation systems to automate it. In this work, we present GotFunding (Grant recOmmendaTion based on past FUNDING), a recommendation system trained on National Institutes of Healthʼs (NIH) grant–publication records. Our system achieves a high performance (NDCG@1 = 0.945) by casting the problem as learning to rank. By analyzing the features that make predictions effective, our results show that the ranking considers most important (a) the year difference between publication and grant, (b) the amount of information provided in the publication, and (c) the relevance of the publication to the grant. We further discuss the implications and future improvements to this work.
Analysis of Characteristic Compound in Aroma Rice by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry with Solid-Phase Microextraction

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A method based on solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was developed for the determination of characteristic compound(2-acetyl-1-pyrroline) in aroma rice.The internal standard of 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine was added into aroma rice.The sample was extracted by solid-phase microextraction under sealed condition with 80℃ water bath for 2 hours,and then analyzed by gas chromatography using HP-5 capillary column(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm) for separation and mass spectrometry in scan monitoring mode for detection.The relative standard deviation was 8.26%.The proposed method was simple,rapid,sensitive,with low sample and reagent consumption.The method is suitable for rapid qualitative analysis.
Lung necrosectomy in pediatric patients with necrotizing pneumonia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Necrotizing pneumonia is a complication of bacterial pneumonia, resulting in consolidation of lung parenchyma with necrosis, solitary or multiloculated radiolucent foci. When the clinical course worsen in spite of proper antibiotic treatment, patients might need lung tissue resection: segmentectomy, lobectomy or bilobectomy. We have performed a conservative surgical approach in pediatric patients with necrotizing pneumonia, lung necrosectomy: resection of unviable necrotic tissue, in order to preserve more healthy and potentially recoverable lung parenchyma. We present the results of our experience with lung necrosectomy. Methods: Retrospective review of children with necrotizing pneumonia. The diagnosis was based on physical examination, laboratory data and contrast CT. Lung necrosectomy technique: resection of necrotic tissue with careful debridement; air leaks were sutured and/or tissue imbrication. Results: From January 2006 to December 2018, 425 pediatric patients were admitted with the diagnosis of complicated pneumonia. Forty two (9.9%), 17 (40.47%) boys and 25 (59.52%) girls were treated surgically. All the patients presented productive cough, fever and dyspnea; chest x-rays showed consolidated areas with intraparenchymal cavities and hypoperfusion on the contrasted CT. Surgical treatment included: Lung necrosectomy 24 (57%); lobectomy 3 (7.14%); wedge resection 13 (30.95%); lobectomy + lung necrosectomy 1 (2.38%), and wedge resection + lung necrosectomy 1 (2.38%). Conclusions: Lung necrosectomy is a conservative, effective surgical treatment, which solves lung necrotizing infection avoiding resection of healthy lung parenchyma.
The Harris-Todaro model of labor migration and its commercial policy implications

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The pioneering work on rural-urban labor migration by John R. Harris and Michael P. Todaro in late 1960s to early 1970s generated such enormous interest and later contributions that they have become an important and unique component of development economics literature. The Harris-Todaro (HT) model admits the existence, in equilibrium, of a chronic large amount of urban unemployment due to the presence of urban minimum wages. The distinguishing feature of this model is that labor migration proceeds in response to urban-rural differences in expected earnings with the urban employment rate acting as an equilibrating force on such migration;This dissertation includes three articles and deals with the topic of international trade policies of an HT-type economy with labor surplus. The argument is carried out in the context of evaluating outward-oriented vs inward-oriented trade practices. The basic structure is that of Corden and Findlay, i.e., with intersectoral capital mobility and the small and open country assumption, whereupon necessary modifications are added to allow for the discussions on the effect of the presence of a service sector and risk averse workers;The essence of the results is that protectionist practices are welfare reducing for a two sector HT economy with risk neutral workers but maybe beneficial in the presence of a nontraded service sector or risk averse workers. More precisely, with a third sector, the nontraded service sector, that uses only labor as input, production subsidies to the import competing industry or import tariffs can be welfare improving. When workers are risk averse, the optimal police combination is a positive production subsidy and a positive tariff. Thus, large amount of urban unemployment (or, underemployment as characterized in the service sector in this dissertation) and risk attitude of the workers can be used as justification (as the infant industry argument) for some LDCs' trade restraining practices.
Feasibility of prehospital freeze-dried plasma administration in a UK Helicopter Emergency Medical Service

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Early transfusion of patients with major traumatic haemorrhage may improve survival. This study aims to establish the feasibility of freeze-dried plasma transfusion in a Helicopter Emergency Medical Service in the UK. Patients and methods A retrospective observational study of major trauma patients attended by Kent, Surrey and Sussex Helicopter Emergency Medical Service and transfused freeze-dried plasma since it was introduced in April 2014. Results Of the 1873 patients attended over a 12-month period before its introduction, 79 patients received packed red blood cells (4.2%) with a total of 193 units transfused. Of 1881 patients after the introduction of freeze-dried plasma, 10 patients received packed red blood cells only and 66 received both packed red blood cells and freeze-dried plasma, with a total of 158 units of packed red blood cells transfused, representing an 18% reduction between the two 12-month periods. In the 20 months since its introduction, of 216 patients transfused with at least one unit of freeze-dried plasma, 116 (54.0%) patients received both freeze-dried plasma and packed red blood cells in a 1: 1 ratio. Earlier transfusion was feasible, transferring the patient to the hospital before transfusion would have incurred a delay of 71 min (interquartile range: 59–90 min). Conclusion Prehospital freeze-dried plasma and packed red blood cell transfusion is feasible in a 1: 1 ratio in patients with suspected traumatic haemorrhage. The use of freeze-dried plasma as a first-line fluid bolus reduced the number of prehospital packed red blood cell units required and reduced the time to transfusion.
VEPerform: a web resource for evaluating the performance of variant effect predictors.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Computational variant effect predictors (VEPs) are providing increasingly strong evidence to classify the pathogenicity of missense variants. Precision vs. recall analysis is useful in evaluating VEP performance, especially when adjusted for imbalanced test sets. Here, we describe VEPerform, a web-based tool for evaluating the performance of VEPs at the gene level using balanced precision vs. recall curve (BPRC) analysis.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Graphene on a “Peeled-Off” Epitaxial Cu(111) Foil: A Simple Approach to Improved Properties

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We present a simple approach to improving the quality of CVD grown graphene, exploiting a Cu(111) foil catalyst. The catalyst is epitaxially grown by evaporation on a single crystal sapphire substrate, thickened by electroplating, and peeled off. The exposed surface is atomically flat, easily reduced, and exclusively of (111) orientation. Graphene grown on this catalyst under atmospheric CVD conditions and without wet chemical prereduction produces single crystal domain sizes of several hundred micrometers in samples that are many centimeters in size. The graphene produced in this way can easily be transferred to other substrates using well-established techniques. We report mobilities extracted using field-effect (as high as 29 000 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>–1</sup> s<sup>–1</sup>) and Hall bar measurement (up to 10 100 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>–1</sup> s<sup>–1</sup>).
Lower bound for the Hardy constant for an arbitrary domain in $\mathbb{R}^n$

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In the paper we consider the conjecture by E.B. Davies on an uniform lower bound for the Hardy constant.We provide the known counterexamples rebutting this conjecture for the dimension 4 and higher.In the work we obtain non-zero lower bounds for the Hardy constants.These estimates are order sharp as → +∞, where is the space dimension.Moreover, these estimates are independent of the properties of the considered domains and are true for all domains not coinciding with the entire space.In the proof of the main theorem we reduce the multidimensional case to the one-dimensional case by choosing special classes of functions.As a result, the considered inequalities are reduced to the well-known Poincaré inequality.
Population Trends and Demography of the Wood Turtle (Glyptemys insculpta) and Woodland Box Turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina) over Six Decades at the Powdermill Nature Reserve, Pennsylvania

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Continuing with the pioneering work by M. Graham Netting, the abundance of woodland box turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina) and wood turtle (Glyptemys insculpta) were opportunistically monitored for six decades (1959–2019) at the Powdermill Nature Reserve (PNR) in southwestern Pennsylvania. We found that both of the species grew slowly with delayed maturity and potentially long lives. Four wood turtles were recaptured 27–45 yrs after first marking, and five box turtles were 28–45 yrs post-marking. Both sexes of each species had high adult survivorship, with females exhibiting higher recapture probabilities. Although we found relatively few box turtles at PNR, their numbers were generally steady over six decades. Conversely, the wood turtle was frequently encountered in the 1960s but then had an apparent decline with no recovery. For example, of the 161 marked wood turtles, most (57.8%) were encountered during the first decade of study and only 15 were marked since 2004. We found no relationship between wood turtle numbers and major weather events such as severe cold periods or flooding. Thus, several factors may have coalesced to reduce their numbers at PNR: increased vehicle use of a road that bisects the property, habitat succession, stream pollution from prior coal mining, and collecting for the pet trade. As protective measures for these terrestrial turtle species, we suggest the construction of fences and under-road culverts for safe passage across roads, and the restoration of patches of open habitats across the property for turtle nesting.
Estimation of serum bilirubin level as a diagnostic laboratory marker of acute appendicitis and its role in prediction of appendicular perforation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of surgical abdomen. A delay in diagnosis and subsequent delay in intervention may lead to appendicular perforation which leads to peritonitis and further complications including death. In this study, we tried to evaluate – “Estimation of serum bilirubin level as a diagnostic laboratory marker of acute appendicitis and its role in prediction of appendicular perforation.” Aims and Objectives: The objectives of the study are as follows: To study the relationship between hyperbilirubinemia and acute appendicitis and to evaluate its credibility as a diagnostic marker for acute appendicitis. To evaluate whether elevated Bilirubin levels have a predictive potential for diagnosis of appendicular perforation. Materials and Methods: Patients clinically diagnosed with acute appendicitis, supported by imaging studies, who gave consent for the study were included in the study. All those patients underwent estimation of serum bilirubin levels along with other investigations. Data collected were compiled and analyzed. Results: In this study, among 408 patients, sensitivity of serum bilirubin in predicting acute appendicitis was 74.59%. Specificity of serum bilirubin in predicting acute appendicitis was 12.38%. Positive predictive value of serum bilirubin in predicting acute appendicitis was 71.06%. Negative predictive value of serum bilirubin in predicting acute appendicitis was 14.44%. Odds ratio was 0.4147. Conclusion: Serum Bilirubin level appears to be a promising marker for diagnosing acute appendicitis and perforation.
Wide Sargasso Sea (1966)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Wide Sargasso Sea is divided into three parts. Although other secondary narrators appear, the first part is narrated by Antoinette Cosway, the second by an unnamed man whom she marries, and the third by Antoinette again. It soon becomes clear to the reader that these two narrators will be more familiar to anyone who has read Jane Eyre as Rochester and Bertha Mason, his first 'mad' wife. Rhys's novel has therefore been called a 'prequel' to Jane Eyre but this should not be taken literally as there are differences, not least of chronology, between them that mean the characters in the two novels cannot be simply equated. Most of Jane Eyre takes place in the first decade of the century but Wide Sargasso Sea crucially begins with the end of slavery: 'Still waiting for this compensation the English promised when the Emancipation Act was passed' (ll.12–14), which was in 1833. Slavery was legally abolished on 1 August 1834, the year that Antoinette's father dies. In many history books this legislation is portrayed as a great humanitarian move on the part of the British, in contrast with the rest of Europe, but fear of rebellion was a major factor. The Jamaican uprising of 1831–2 was perhaps decisive at a time when widespread unrest across the West Indies was feared and so Wide Sargasso Sea's opening on Jamaica is partly important precisely because it was the site of intensive black resistance.KeywordsSexual DesireBlack PeopleBrown SeaweedSlave TradeWhite GoldThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
miR-938 rs2505901 T>C Polymorphism Increases Hirschsprung Disease Risk: A Case–Control Study of Chinese Children

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Aim: To explore the association between miR-938rs2505901 T>C polymorphism and Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) risk in Chinese children. Materials & Methods: We conducted a case-control study in a Chinese population with 1381 cases and 1457 controls. The associated correlation strengths were assessed by adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% CIs. Results: The results revealed that the rs2505901 TC and rs2505901 TC/CC genotype were related to an increased HSCR risk compared to the risk contributed by the rs2505901 TT genotype. A stratification analysis showed that the rs2505901 TC/CC genotype promoted the progression of HSCR more significantly in patients with the short-segment HSCR subtype. Conclusion: Our study indicated that miR-938rs2505901 T>C polymorphism is significantly associated with HSCR risk in Chinese children. This result needs to be confirmed with well-designed studies.