jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Study of the Economic Growth Effect of Rural Public Goods Investment in Henan Province

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper analyzes the effect of fixed asset investments in rural public goods sectors on the growth of rural economics in Henan province with the panel data model. The fixed-effect model indicates that the fixed asset investments in rural public goods are the factors that result in different gross output of agriculture in different area. The random-effect model indicates that they also lead to different gross output of agriculture in the same area but in different years. In a word, the fixed asset investments in rural public goods promote economic growth in rural areas in Henan province. Lastly, it analyzes the existing problems of rural public goods in Henan province and then it puts forward some countermeasures.
The Statistics and Horizontal Structure of Anomalous Weather Regimes in the Community Climate Model

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The statistics, horizontal structure, and linear barotropic dynamics of anomalous weather regimes are evaluated in a 15-winter integration of the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM2). Statistical and ensemble analyses of simulated regimes are contrasted with parallel analyses derived from NCEP–NCAR reanalyses. The CCM2 replicates much of the structure of observed frequency distributions for anomalous weather regimes over the North Pacific and North Atlantic regions. The main differences are a northward shift and longitudinal broadening of the North Pacific frequency maximum and a weakening and southward shift of the North Atlantic maximum. Ensemble analyses reveal that simulated North Pacific regimes attain a more isotropic horizontal anomaly structure than observed cases, which are zonally elongated. The E-vector diagnoses indicate that North Pacific cases in the CCM2 are also associated with much weaker local barotropic energy conversions from the climatological-mean flow. This is partly due to the relatively weak climatological-mean diffluence simulated by the CCM2 in the jet exit region over the eastern North Pacific. The model’s North Atlantic regimes have horizontal anomaly patterns quite similar to observed cases, except for a southwestward shift relative to observations. Both simulated and observed North Atlantic cases exhibit robust local barotropic interactions with the climatological-mean flow, with the strongest conversions shifted southwestward in the model. The results suggest a larger role for mechanisms besides barotropic instability in maintaining anomalous weather regimes over the North Pacific in the CCM2. The model’s North Atlantic events occur southwest of observed cases apparently in order to more efficiently utilize the available “barotropic energy reservoir” in the model climatology. The authors conclude that for GCMs to properly represent important dynamical characteristics of anomalous weather regimes, it is paramount that the model accurately depict the climatological-mean stationary wave field.
Asymptotics of quasi-stationary distributions of small noise stochastic dynamical systems in unbounded domains

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We consider a collection of Markov chains that model the evolution of multitype biological populations. The state space of the chains is the positive orthant, and the boundary of the orthant is the absorbing state for the Markov chain and represents the extinction states of different population types. We are interested in the long-term behavior of the Markov chain away from extinction, under a small noise scaling. Under this scaling, the trajectory of the Markov process over any compact interval converges in distribution to the solution of an ordinary differential equation (ODE) evolving in the positive orthant. We study the asymptotic behavior of the quasi-stationary distributions (QSD) in this scaling regime. Our main result shows that, under conditions, the limit points of the QSD are supported on the union of interior attractors of the flow determined by the ODE. We also give lower bounds on expected extinction times which scale exponentially with the system size. Results of this type when the deterministic dynamical system obtained under the scaling limit is given by a discrete-time evolution equation and the dynamics are essentially in a compact space (namely, the one-step map is a bounded function) have been studied by Faure and Schreiber (2014). Our results extend these to a setting of an unbounded state space and continuous-time dynamics. The proofs rely on uniform large deviation results for small noise stochastic dynamical systems and methods from the theory of continuous-time dynamical systems. In general, QSD for Markov chains with absorbing states and unbounded state spaces may not exist. We study one basic family of binomial-Poisson models in the positive orthant where one can use Lyapunov function methods to establish existence of QSD and also to argue the tightness of the QSD of the scaled sequence of Markov chains. The results from the first part are then used to characterize the support of limit points of this sequence of QSD.
Application of Rubber Asphalt in Composite Road Reconstruction

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Based on the principle of rubber asphalt technology,and combined with the pave-ment reconstruction engineering of Huguo Town-Anfu Bridge segment in G321 Line Dafang-Naxi Road,the article introduced the application technology of rubber asphalt in the composite white to black road reconstruction engineering,and reviewed the actual engi-neering effectiveness of rubber asphalt through the quality inspection.
Toxicology and occurrence of nivalenol, fusarenon X,diacetoxyscirpenol, neosolaniol and 3- and 15- acetyldeoxynivalenol; a review of six trichothecenes

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Om de potentiele effecten vast te stellen van de trichothecenen nivalenol (NIV), fusarenon X (FusX), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), neosolaniol (NeoSol) en 3- and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-Ac-DON, 15-Ac-DON), werden toxiciteitsdata geevalueerd, om waar mogelijk &quot;tolerable daily intakes&apos;(TDIs) vast te stellen. Ook werd hun voorkomen in granen, veevoer en voedingsmiddelen onderzocht. De zes trichothecenen zijn mycotoxinen, geproduceerd door Fusarium soorten. NIV werd het vaakst aangetroffen in voedingsmiddelen. Het voorkomen van FusX, DAS, NeoSol en 3- en 15-Ac-DON werd zelden gerapporteerd, zeer waarschijnlijk omdat er niet routinematig op werd onderzocht. Derhalve werd aanbevolen meer aandacht te schenken aan FusX, DAS, NeoSol en 3- en 15-Ac-DON in routine-onderzoeksprogramma&apos;s. De toxiciteitsdata beschikbaar over FusX, DAS, NeoSol en 3- en 15-Ac-DON waren te beperkt om TDIs af te leiden. Alleen voor NIV waren voldoende toxiciteitsgegevens beschikbaar om een tijdelijke TDI van 0.7 ug/kg af te leiden.&lt;br&gt;
National and Local Policy Struggles, 1998–2008

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter examines the first decade of worker mobilization in post-Suharto Indonesia. At the national level, the labor movement experienced stunning success in shaping labor law reform during this period. In the absence of strong ties to political parties, unions created mayhem in the streets to capture the attention of politicians and raise the cost of supporting laws that unions opposed. Since both the executive and the legislature had to approve labor legislation, unions could stop the enactment of antilabor laws by peeling away legislative support. This task was facilitated by government instability and weak presidential control over coalition partners and the fact that the Minister of Manpower was from a labor background in some years. At the local level, by contrast, unions had fewer points of entry and less leverage. Although newly created tripartite wage councils gave workers a voice in wage-setting, executives had the final authority to determine minimum wages increases, and they were relatively immune to pressure from workers until direct elections were phased in between mid-2005 and late 2008.
Correction: Oral aged garlic (Allium sativum) alleviates ulcerative colitis in mice by improving gut homeostasis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Correction for ‘Oral aged garlic ( Allium sativum ) alleviates ulcerative colitis in mice by improving gut homeostasis’ by Deping Han et al. , Food Funct. , 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4FO03105A.
Biomarkers of Acute Lung Lesion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The paper analyzes the data available in the literature on the diagnostic value of biological markers of acute lung lesion (ALL) in critical conditions. The study of the diagnostic and prognostic values of biological markers of ALL is shown to be a promising line in the section of critical conditions. The biological markers of ALL will have the highest effectiveness in evaluating the development of ALL at the preclinical stage, in differentiating the exudative and proliferative stages of ALL/acute respiratory distress syndrome, and defining indications for respiratory support. The biological markers of ALL are capable to predict the development of ventilator-induced lung lesion. The analysis of gene expression and the study of an array of DNA nucleotide sequence in the cells are of the greatest diagnostic and prognostic value in determining the predisposition of cytokines and intercellular signal molecules to synthesis.
The intake and utilization of urea-treated rice straw by sheep differing in body condition

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Prior to the experiment two groups of 10 sheep were fed to either gain (group F) or lose (group T) weight. At the beginning of the experiment group F sheep weighed on average 57.7 kg fleece-free liveweight (W) and had a total body fat (TBF) content of 154 kg, while group T sheep weighed 42.6 kg and had a TBF content of 9.7 kg. During the experiment all sheep were given a urea-treated rice straw-based diet ad libitum for 56 days with an intra-ruminal infusion of urea and sodium sulfate. Measurements were made of feed intake and digestibility and of the amounts and composition of digesta in the reticula-rumen (ReRu) and flowing through the abomasum.Group T sheep consumed more feed (dry matter intake 1 170 v. 1040 g day-1, 24.9 v. 19.1 g kg W-1) and spent more time chewing (16.5 v. 14.1 h day-1) than group F sheep. There were no differences in the digestibility of dietary constituents.Associated with the greater feed intakes by group T sheep were increased amounts of total digesta (8.59 v 7.67 kg) and of dry matter (DM) (1040 v. 960 g), organic matter (OM) (820 v. 750 g) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (690 v. 620 g) in the ReRu. Flows of total digesta (22.45 v. 18.64 kg day-1), DM (910 v. 800 g day-1), OM (600 v. 510 g day-1) and NDF (330 v. 270 g day-1) through the abomasum were also greater in group T sheep. However, there were no differences between treatments in the proportion of digestion which occurred in the ReRu, in the fractional digestion rate of NDF in the ReRu or in the fractional passage rate of NDF from the ReRu.Group T sheep generally maintained weight (-4 g day-1) throughout the experiment and their TBF only declined from 9.7 to 9.1 kg. In contrast, group F sheep lost weight at 74 g day-1 and TBF declined from 15.8 to 14.1 kg.It is concluded that removal of limitations of essential nutrients enabled sheep in poor condition to consume more of this straw-based diet than those in good condition.
Effects of 14 Days of Microgravity on Rat Fast Hindlimb Muscles

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

PURPOSE: To determine the effects of 14 days of microgravity on specific rat fast-twitch muscles, and to compare these data with previous data from rat fast-twitch muscles exposed to microgravity for 10 days (Kraemer et al. 2000). METHODS: Hindlimb muscles containing predominately fast fibers [extensor digitorum longus (EDL), superficial “white” (GSW) and deep “red” (GDR) gastrocnemius muscles] and the diaphragm (DIA) muscle were removed from spaceflight and ground-based control animals and frozen for subsequent analyses. Muscle mass, fiber type distribution, cross-sectional area, and myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform content were determined. RESULTS: Gravitational unloading for 14 days caused significant decreases in the muscle mass of both EDL and gastrocnemius muscles (8–9%) resulting from significant decreases in the cross-sectional areas of almost all fiber types (10–35%). However, microgravity had little effect on the fiber type composition in these two muscles with significant changes occurring only in the EDL type IID fiber population (9.5% decrease). Similarly, relative MHC content was only slightly altered by exposure to microgravity (increased content of MHCIIa in flight EDL). No changes in area, fiber type percentages, or MHC content were detected in the DIA following the 14d shuttle flight. CONCLUSION: Similar to data gathered following a 10 day shuttle flight (Kraemer et al. 2000), the 14-day flight did not appear to cause significant slow-to-fast (I → IIA) or fast-to-faster (IIA→IID→IIB) transformations in hindlimb muscles containing predominantly fast-twitch fibers. However, a longer period gravitational unloading did result in additional loss in muscle fiber size with involvement of more of the major fiber types and, thus, continued loss of functional capabilities.
Durable Transgene Expression Driven by CpG-Free and -Containing Promoters in Plasmid DNA with CpG-Free Backbone

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The duration of transgene expression from plasmid DNAs is important for gene therapy with nonviral vectors. In the present study, various cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG)-free and CpG-containing transcription regulatory sequences were introduced into plasmid DNAs with a CpG-free backbone. The transgenes encoding mouse secreted alkaline phosphatase and Gaussia princeps luciferase, which are both apparently non-immunogenic, were used as reporters. The plasmid DNAs were injected by the hydrodynamics-based method, and the expression was monitored for 28 d. All transcription regulatory sequences achieved long-term expression, with different expression levels depending on the sequences themselves. These results suggested that durable transgene expression at the proper level can be achieved with plasmid DNAs containing the CpG-free backbone.
Party System Decline in Colombia: A Subnational Examination of Presidential and Senate Elections from 1994 to 2006

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

While many Latin American party systems are experiencing new levels of volatility, the Colombian case allows us to examine the effects of performance factors such as violence and unemployment, while controlling for the consequences of structural change. What best explains changes in the Colombian party system? In the 1980s and 1990s, national level institutional changes created a uniform shock to the party system. Meanwhile, the country faced crucial problems of political violence and economic crisis. Have these challenges undermined the stability of the party system? We test two hypotheses. First, high levels of political violence will increase support for nontraditional parties. Second, economic crisis will increase support for nontraditional parties.
Effects of Different Times and Rates of Fertilizer Nitrogen Application on Irrigated Potato Production

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summer rainfall in Nebraska is uncertain in time and amount, such that yields of potatoes are increased substantially by irrigation where it can be practiced. Rainfall is especially limited and poorly distributed in western Nebraska and eastern Wyoming making irrigation mandatory for commercial production of the crop. The experiments reported here were conducted in that area under sprinkler irrigation with the following objectives: To study the growth and yield of potatoes with fertilization through sprinkler irrigation. To evaluate effects of different times and rates of fertilizer nitrogen application on potato production To measure interaction of applied potassium fertilizer with the above nitrogen treatments on potato production. Advisor: R. A. Olson
RESUME SUMMARY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: L’esthésioneuroblastome est une tumeur maligne rare des fosses nasales. Il s’agit d’une tumeur agressive et récidi-vante dont le traitement est controversé. Notre objectif est de décrire les particularités diagnostiques et les actualités thérapeutiques de cette tumeur. Matériels et méthode: Etude rétrospective sur une période de 10 ans (2001-2010), ayant intéressé trois cas d’esthésioneuroblas-
Evaluating Potential Genetic Gains in Wheat Associated with Stress‐Adaptive Trait Expression in Elite Genetic Resources under Drought and Heat Stress

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT While genetic resources provide an invaluable gene pool for crop breeding, the majority of accessions in germplasm collections remain uncharacterized and their potential to improve stress adaptation is not quantified. A selection of 25 elite genetic resources for wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) were characterized for agronomic and physiological trait expression in drought‐ and heat‐stressed environments. Under drought, the physiological traits best associated with yield were canopy temperature, associated with water uptake, and carbon isotope discrimination, associated with transpiration efficiency. Under heat stress stomatal conductance, leaf chlorophyll content, and canopy temperature (associated with radiation use efficiency in this environment) were well correlated with yield. Theoretical yield gains based on extrapolating the best trait expression to the highest yielding backgrounds were also estimated. Under drought, the best expression of canopy temperature and carbon isotope discrimination suggested potential yield gains of approximately 10 and 9% above the best yielding cultivars, respectively; under heat stress, canopy temperature and remobilization of stem carbohydrates suggested potential yield gains of approximately 7 and 9%, respectively. Other physiological trait expression was associated with potential yield gains to varying degrees. When considering agronomic traits, the best expression of harvest index suggested yield gains of approximately 14 and 24% in drought and hot environments, respectively, while the combined best expression of both harvest index and final aboveground biomass suggested yield gains of 30 and 34%, respectively. Principal component analysis indicated that many of the physiological traits that were associated with yield and biomass were not strongly associated with each other, suggesting potential cumulative gene action for yield if traits were combined. When comparing trait expression across drought and hot environments, several physiological traits (e.g., canopy temperature) showed closer association with each other than did performance traits, supporting the idea that such stress‐adaptive traits have generic value across stresses.
Achievement of the Novel Lidar Visibility Measurement System

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Atmospheric visibility is close to the transportation safety. In order to get accurate atmospheric visibility, according to atmosphere backscattering theory, a novel visibility measurement system is designed. The system adopts many modular devices such as semiconductor laser, silicon avalanche photodiode detector, multi channel photon counting card, embedded computer and so on. Where embedded computer is the core of the system, to realize system timing control, visibility inversion and information display. Finally, the objective and convenient measurement of atmospheric horizontal visibility and slant visibility are achieved. Outfield comparison experiments show that in low visibility weather conditions, the system obtains high measurement accuracy, which has high practical value and wonderful development prospect.
From Meiwa to Reiwa: Rethinking Images of “Distinctive Japan”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

From ancient times, with the adoption of the Chinese cultural framework, to the modern era of introducing Western culture, Japan has defended its cultural boundaries with the image of a distinctive self. This paper will question some of the established interpretations of classical Japanese poetry by examining the thoughts and ideas of the Japanese scholar Kamo no Mabuchi. Mabuchi wrote his most important works during the Meiwa era (1764-1772) and is, among all, famous for his interpretation of Man’yoshu, an ancient collection of Japanese poetry, from which the new Japanese era name Reiwa was recently taken. This paper will attempt to deconstruct some of the mechanisms of how classical Japanese literature and images of the past continue to be used as a means of “nation-building” in times of crisis.Keywords: Man’yoshu, kokugakusha, Kamo no Mabuchi, Reiwa, Japanese nationalismJapan uses eras, or nengo (??), as part of its traditional calendar system. Although the Gregorian calendar is officially used, the use of the era system still prevails in official documents, cultural practices (traditional events and artifacts), and everyday life (newspapers, legal context). The era system has been in use since 645 CE during the reign of Emperor Kotoku (the Taika era). This long-standing tradition connects modern Japan to its past, maintains a sense of cultural continuity, and sets Japan apart from countries that exclusively use the Gregorian calendar, making it an important part of cultural identity.
Prevalence of blighted ovum in first trimester of pregnancy: a hospital based study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The aim of this study is to know the prevalence of blighted ovum among pregnant women in 1st trimester attending our hospital during their antenatal visits and to know the fate of blighted ovum either if there is spontaneous expulsion of the sac or need of medical induction or surgical evacuation.Methods: This observational study was conducted at Obstetrics and Genecology Department, Women Health Hospital and Sahel Selim Hospital, Egypt from November 2015 to February 2018. All patients recruited in this study attended the antenatal care clinics for antenatal follow-up during their first-trimester of pregnancies.Results: All cases of the study were less than 14 weeks. The mean gestational age was 8.93±1.01 (7.0-11.0) weeks. In patients less than 20 years old, (73%) there is a significant increase in surgical treatment (dilatation & curettage) after failure of medical treatment, patients more than 40 years old (50.7%) there is a significant increase in medical treatment after success taking misoprostol so there is no need to a surgical treatment by (dilatation & curettage) in the majority of cases.Conclusions: The prevalence of blighted ovum was 15.6%. Also, the prevalence of blighted ovum was statistically significant increased with increase maternal age and also, we noticed that there was a statistically significant association between early pregnancy failure and a history of previous early pregnancy loss.