jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Discourse Connective - A Marker for Identifying Featured Articles in Biological Wikipedia

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Wikipedia is a free-content Internet encyclopedia that can be edited by anyone who accesses it.As a result, Wikipedia contains both featured and non-featured articles.Featured articles are high-quality articles and nonfeatured articles are poor quality articles.Since there is an exponential growth of Wikipedia articles, the need to identify the featured Wikipedia articles has become indispensable so as to provide quality information to the users.As very few attempts have been carried out in the biology domain of English Wikipedia articles, we present our study to automatically measure the information quality in biological Wikipedia articles.Since the coherence shows representational information quality of a text, we have used the discourse connective count measure for our study.We compare this novel measure with two other popular approaches word count measure and explicit document model method that have been successfully applied to the task of quality measurement in Wikipedia articles.We organized the Wikipedia articles into balanced and unbalanced set.The balanced set contains featured and non-featured articles of equal length and the unbalanced set contains randomly selected featured and non-featured articles.The best result for the balanced set is obtained with F-measure of 83.2%, while using Support Vector Machine classifier with 4-gram representation and Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency weighting scheme.Meanwhile, the best result for unbalanced corpus is obtained using the discourse connective count measure with an F -measure of 98.06%.
[Benign superior vena cava syndrome associated with Horner syndrome--report of a case].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Superior vena cava syndrome is commonly caused by malignant diseases such as lung cancer, malignant lymphoma and so forth. It is uncommon that benign diseases obstruct the superior vena cava or its major tributaries. But there are some documented cases of benign superior vena cava syndrome induced by mediastinitis, benign mediastinal tumors, and uncommon lesions having their primary origin in the mediastinum. A 41-year-old male patient had recognized his ptotic palpebra two years ago and chest roentgenographic examination disclosed a tumor shadow occupying the apex of the right thorax but he was almost asymptomatic except venous dilatation of the anterior chest wall. Venography revealed obstruction of the brachiocephalic vein and superior vena cava. At thoracotomy the tumor was found to be impacted at the apex of the thoracic fornix and to be cystic. Primary site of the tumor was at the chest wall and its histological finding was compatible with that of neurilemmoma. Postoperative venography confirmed complete patency of the brachiocephalic vein and superior vena cava.
Studies of the contribution of alternating electromagnetic ﬁelds toward material fatigue in 100Cr6

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to show how controlled exposure of electromagnetic fields toward bearing steel vulnerates the microstructure. The ability of Barkhausen Noise signal processing is used for detecting phenomena such as dislocation and subgrain formation processes as the beginning of later failures. Design/methodology/approach A Barkhausen noise signal measurement equipment is used for detecting subsurface distress of 100Cr6 as a function of the applied electromagnetic and mechanical stress. Barkhausen noise signal is mathematically processed by use of fractal dimension analysis. Findings The paper cleary reveals significant impact of electromagnetic field in junction with mechanical loading. Electromagnetic impact depends on the magnitude of the field. Research limitations/implications Research limitations are given by the fact that in real field applications, e.g. wind power plants, bearings are exposed by multiple influences and the methodology is not applicable to those conditions. Practical implications The methodology can be applied to real field applications in condition monitoring systems. Up to now, no reasonable on‐line measurement is in use determining sub surface fatigue phenomena. The paper hence, reveals the possibility to raise condition monitoring into a new perspective. Originality/value The use of Barkhausen noise signal processing, as presented here, is original with respect to real field applications, such as wind power plants with a high demand in condition monitoring, especially off‐shore plants.
Hydrogel-Based Microfluidic Systems

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Over the last ten years, microfluidic technologies have gained considerable importance. However, realising highly integrated microsystems is a major challenge, which so far has only been solved insufficiently. Here, we present an innovative approach to fabricate low-cost, integrable mi- crofluidic platforms. As active elements, photopolymerised hydrogels based on Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) are introduced. PNIPAAm is temperature-sensitive. Heated in water above its lower crit- ical solution temperature (LCST), it reversibly changes from a swollen to a shrunken state (volume change in the order of 90%) and can, via an electrothermic interface, be employed as electrothermally switchable actuator. Varying specific parameters in the swelling agent, for example varying its alco- hol concentration, can shift the LCST. So not only micropumps or microvalves, but also valves with an appointed threshold value, so-called chemostats or chemical transistors, can be realised. Using the example of a microchip performing enzymatic endpoint analyses, we investigate characteristic be- haviour of active elements based on PNIPAAM and show the ability of integrating different fluidic operations like fluid transportation, metering, valving and mixing into one fully polymeric microchip.
Velocity estimation using WCDMA uplink signal for adaptive modulation and coding in HSDPA system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

High speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) is the packet-based data service with data transmissions up to 10 Mbps in WCDMA downlink. For HSDPA, adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) provides the flexibility to match the modulation and coding scheme to the average channel conditions for each user to raise the overall system capacity. There are many methods to estimate the channel quality, and the measurement of the mobile velocity is available for AMC. In this paper, the mobile velocity estimator using W-CDMA uplink signal for HSDPA is proposed. The proposed velocity estimator has robust pre-filter and post-filter to reduce noise influence. And the proposed velocity estimator also has observation block to estimate velocity more accurately under added noise.
Interstitial Cell Cycle in Agama tuberculata Gray (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Agamidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The paper describes the seasonal changes in the size and nuclear morphology of the interstitial cells in the testes of a high altitude subtemperate agamid lizard Agama tuberculata Gray from Kashmir. While the climatic changes do not seem to influence the cyclical changes in these cells, active spermatogenesis seems to be restricted to the months of May and June and September and October, which correspond to early summer and fall in Kashmir when the temperature keeps around 270C. In agamids, a positive correlation appears to exist between the spermatogenic and the interstitial cell activity.
Intrinsic and Domain Magnetism in Nanocrystalline Materials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Magnetic properties of individual nanoparticles, their ensembles, nanocomposites and nanocrystalline homogeneous ferromagnets are reviewed. Size effects in the intrinsic magnetic properties (Curie-temperature, saturation magnetization) and in the domain magnetism (coercitivity, hysteresis, remanence) are treated from elementary basic principles to the description of complex systems such as interacting magnetic clusters. By examples taken form the recent literature the most hot topics of the field are illustrated, and more recent or expected applications are also mentioned.
Virtual Logistics from Outsourcing Logistics

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The wide utilisation of information communication technology has significantly affected also a development of logistics services concepts. Consequently, research in the area of virtual companies including logistics services is developing. Presented visions are commandingly optimistic, even though sceptics are already gathering counter-arguments against those visions. As an important factor of strengthening, the above-mentioned optimistic vision can be accounted for by a tendency of wider applications of outsourcing. Activities carried out by specialised external providers for a larger number of customers are usually cheaper, particularly because of fixed costs. Moreover, organisations that provide outsourcing bring into partnership their own know-how from optimisation of logistical activities. Cooperation in this field helps to eliminate or reduce unexpected idle periods in transport, such as long transport routes, reloading, customs clearing, and other. A higher form of outsourcing is the inclusion of logistical centers (LC) into a supply chain (SC). With the progressing globalization, the significance of integrated logistical centers is increasing. The aim of the article is to describe the concept of an integrated architecture of a logistic center reflecting progressive trends in logistic management. It also includes a model of features for a designing of a virtual logistical center and description of typical signs of virtual corporations.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
Polymeric monolayers and liposomes as models for biomembranes. How to bridge the gap between polymer science and membrane biology?

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This contribution deals with the stabilization of membrane model systems, especially vesicles. The desired further biological functionalization of these stabilized polymeric membranes is possible via the incorporation of proteins. Addition of natural lipids to polymerizable membranes and degradation of the unpolymerized component after polymerization allows selective opening of otherwise stable compartments. Finally, first attempts are made to combine biological properties of natural cells and the durability of polymerized membranes via fusion of synthetic vesicles with natural cells.
Comment on mr-2021-42

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. In this paper, we present an in-depth analysis of a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)-based sensing method for electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, which greatly simplifies the experimental setup compared to conventional detection schemes. In contrast to our previous oscillator-based ESR detectors, where the ESR signal was encoded in the oscillation frequency, in the amplitude-sensitive method, the ESR signal is sensed as a change of the oscillation amplitude of the VCO. Therefore, using VCO architecture with a built-in amplitude demodulation scheme, the experimental setup reduces to a single permanent magnet in combination with a few inexpensive electronic components. We present a theoretical analysis of the achievable limit of detection, which uses perturbation-theory-based VCO modeling for the signal and applies a stochastic averaging approach to obtain a closed-form expression for the noise floor. Additionally, the paper also introduces a numerical model suitable for simulating oscillator-based ESR experiments in a conventional circuit simulator environment. This model can be used to optimize sensor performance early on in the design phase. Finally, all presented models are verified against measured results from a prototype VCO operating at 14âGHz inside a 0.5âT magnetic field.
Association between parvovirus B19 virus and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A cross-sectional study in Tehran; Iran

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: The propose of study was to determine the viral load of Parvovirus B19 in children with proven acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) Methods: A cross-sectional study designed in pediatric ward of Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital (educational, third referral) in Tehran, Iran (2015 – 2016). Sixty-nine children (mean age: 6.57 ± 4.25 years) in preservative phase of ALL selected. BMA had done, and the viral load for Parvovirus B19 determined by quantitative PCR. Results: Type of ALL was Pre B cell: 76.8%; Pro B cell: 14.5% and T-cell type: 7.8%. Low viral load determined in 18.8% (n=13); intermediate in 39.1% (n=27). High and very high viral load observed in 27.1% 15 (n=15) and 20.3% (n=1) of cases respectively. Viral load was related to Pro B cell type (p = 0.050) and lymphadenopathy (p = 0.040), but not related to gender (p = 0.350) and severity of ALL (p = 0.403); like hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia or need to transfusion. Conclusion: Parvovirus B19 is a common viral infection in young Iranian population. Near one-third of childbearing age, women in Iran are at risk for primary Parvovirus B19 infection. Here, to evaluate the possible role of parvovirus B19 Infection in the etiology of ALL, 42 % of ALL cases had high and very high viral load (21.7% and 20.3); the low or intermediate viral load is detectable in all cases. The viral load was related to Pro B cell type of ALL (p = 0.050) and the presence of lymphadenopathy. However, there is no relationship observed between Parvovirus B19 viral load and the severity of ALL and gender. It probably might be due to viral detection in the early stages of the ALL
Am. J. Hum. Genet. 70:461–471, 2002 A Perspective on Epistasis: Limits of Models Displaying No Main Effect

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The completion of a draft sequence of the human genome and the promise of rapid single-nucleotide-polymorphism–genotyping technologies have resulted in a call for the abandonment of linkage studies in favor of genome scans for association. However, there exists a large class of genetic models for which this approach will fail: purely epistatic models with no additive or dominance variation at any of the susceptibility loci. As a result, traditional association methods (such as case/control, measured genotype, and transmission/disequilibrium test [TDT]) will have no power if the loci are examined individually. In this article, we examine this class of models, delimiting the range of genetic determination and recurrence risks for two-, three-, and four-locus purely epistatic models. Our study reveals that these models, although giving rise to no additive or dominance variation, do give rise to increased allele sharing between affected sibs. Thus, a genome scan for linkage could detect genomic subregions harboring susceptibility loci. We also discuss some simple multilocus extensions of single-locus analysis methods, including a conditional form of the TDT.
Bactericidal Activity of Coelomic Cell of Eisenia fetida (Common Earthworm) to Mycobacterium Smegmatis

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Several Mycobacterium species are pathogens for humans and farm animals, for example cattle. Reservoirs for cattle may include manure and composting plant material allowing bacteria to survive and infect more cattle. Controlling the growth of these organisms with a natural way is desirable, for example using earthworms. Earthworms are beneficial to ecosystems by modifying the chemical, physical and biological elements of the soil including the bacteria. This proposed research will help determine if coelomic cell extracts of Eisenia fetida have antimicrobial effects against Mycobacterium smegmatis, which is a non-pathogenic soil bacterium. Coelomic cells and fluids from year old earthworms were harvested. The cells were ruptured and the fluids and cellular extract sterilized. M. smegmatis mixed with coelomic cell extracts for several hours had no change bacterial viability as determined by a standard plate count. Neutral red uptake is a measure of the cells ability to ingest material. Although this procedure is still being optimized, preliminary data indicates that M smegmatis has no effect on neutral red uptake by earthworm coelomic cells. However, when mixed with an unrelated Escherichia coli, coelomic cells had a decreased uptake of neutral red. If these results are significant it will show that the coelomic cells interact with these two bacteria in different ways
FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI NIAT IBU MEMBERIKAN ASI EKSKLUSIF DI KELURAHAN MAGERSARI, SIDOARJO

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Breastmilk is a the milk produced by the breast of mother which created specially by God. Itwas produced according to the needs of infants who were born by a mother. Exclusive breastfeeding is theprocess of feeding a baby only from breastmilk without other supplementary food until baby is 6 month.One of the factors that aff ect the behavior of breastfeeding is the intention of a mother to breastfeed.The objective of this study is to analyze the factors which aff ect the mother’s intention to exclusivelybreastfeed in Kelurahan Magersari, Sidoarjo. This study is an observational analytic study with aquantitative approach. This study used cross-sectional study design. The sample of this study were 60pregnant women who were society’s member of Kelurahan Magersari, Sidoarjo. Independent variablesof this study are attitude (behavioral beliefs and evaluation of behavioral outcomes) and subjective norm(normative beliefs and motivation to comply). Study results were obtained from questionnaire. Analysistechnique applied is logistic regression test in order to know which factors aff ect the mother’s intention.The dependent variable of this study is the mother’s intention to exclusively breastfeed. The researchresult are from questionnaire. The results obtained that the factors that infl uence on intention to providebreastmilk exclusively are behavioral beliefs (sig = 0.008, with the Exp (B) = 173,443) and motivation tocomply (sig = 0.006, with the Exp (B) = 32,114), owned by the mother associated with exclusive breast.The conclusions there are two factors that aff ect the mother’s intention to provide breastmilk exclusivelyin Kelurahan Magersari, Sidoarjo there are behavioral beliefs and motivation to comply.Keywords: aff ect, intention, exclusively breastfeeding
Effect of ploughing and previous crop on winter wheat pests and their natural enemies under integrated farming system in Slovakia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The effects of ploughing and previous crop on winter wheat pests and their natural enemies under an integrated farming system was investigated in an experimental area in Slovakia. The experiment consisted of 4 small plots (50 m 2 each) to which both organic and inorganic fertilisers were applied. Moreover, there was one application of herbicide and a fungicide on each plot. The ploughing was either deep or shallow, and either silage‐maize or pea was used as a previous crop. The effects of the ploughing and previous crop was studied by means of multivariate redundancy analysis (RDA) and subsequent Monte‐Carlo permutation test. The results showed that there was a considerable temporal variation in the abundance of insect pests and their natural enemies. Of the two husbandry treatments, only ploughing caused significant difference in the composition and abundance of both pests and natural enemies. However, while most of the pests favoured deep ploughing, the majority of natural enemies occurred more abundantly on shallowly ploughed plots. The previous crop did not affect numbers of either pests or natural enemies. Two systems, integrated and organic, which have been surveyed previously, were mutually compared with respect to the abundance of insect pests. The organic farming system turned out to be more sustainable.
Towards a clearer understanding of the transformational potential of outreach work

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Access to social services is a major concern in welfare policy, service delivery and social work. Outreach work is a social work approach described as an ‘active mode of access’. However, the literature on access differentiates between a universal and a transformational view on access. In the first view, access refers to inclusion into the mainstream, for ‘them’ to become more like ‘us’. In the second view, access refers to the transformation of society by challenging the mainstream to move towards a different ‘we’. This article is based on a theory-driven model of views on access and elaborates on the transformative potential of outreach work, illustrated by references in a selection of research literature on outreach work. We propose four focal points for outreach workers and service managers to keep in mind while introducing or developing outreach work from a transformational perspective.
Preoperative risk grade predicts the long-term prognosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a retrospective cohort analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Cumulating evidence indicates that the systemic inflammatory response (SIR) plays a crucial role in the prognosis of various cancers. We aimed to generate a preoperative risk grade (PRG) by integrating SIR markers to preoperatively predict the long-term prognosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Methods: 468 consecutive ICC patients who underwent hepatectomy between 2010 to 2017 were enrolled. The PRG and a nomogram were generated and their predictive accuracy was evaluated. Results: The PRG consisted of two non-tumor-specific SIR markers platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and albumin (ALB), which were both the independent predictors of overall survival (OS). Multivariate analysis showed that the PRG was significantly associated with OS (PRG =1: Hazard ratio (HR) = 3.800, p < 0.001; PRG = 2: HR = 7.585, p < 0.001). The PRG (concordance index (C-index) 0.685; 95% CI: 0.655 to 0.716) had a better predictive ability than the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8 th edition (C-index 0.645; 95% CI: 0.612 to 0.679), the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan (LCSGJ) (C-index 0.644; 95% CI: 0.611 to 0.678) and the Okabayashi (C-index 0.633; 95% CI: 0.600 to 0.666) ( p < 0.05). Besides, the C-index of the nomogram only consisting of the tumor-specific factors (serum carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, tumor number) could be improved to 0.737 (95% CI: 0.062-0.768) from 0.625 (95% CI: 0.585-0.665) when the PRG was incorporated ( p < 0.001). Conclusions: The PRG integrating two non-tumor-specific SIR markers PLR and ALB was a novel method to preoperative predicting the prognosis of ICC.
Fundamentals of stem cell mobilization for the heart: prospects for treating heart disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Despite significant advances in the detection, prevention and treatment of congestive heart failure, it remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Recent research has revealed the potential role of stem and progenitor cells in repairing and regenerating damaged myocardium. A number of pharmacological agents that mobilize these cells, including granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, statins and AMD-3100, are currently under investigation. This review summarizes the rationale behind using these agents, as well as describing the preclinical and clinical data supporting their efficacy.