jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The effect of wilting and silage additives on the fermentation of autumn made grass silage ensiled in bunkers on commercial farms in South Wales 1983‐85

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Silage making practices in respect of 130 samples of autumn made grass silages ensiled in bunkers on commercial farms in South Wales during 1983‐1985 were analysed to discern the effect of wilting and/or silage additives on fermentation. Silages were primarily made during late September and early October in fine weather from perennial ryegrass pasture which had not been grazed for 6 weeks. On average 13.9 ha of pasture was cut for silage. Analysis of 120 samples of grass showed it contained 176 g kg −1 dry matter (DM) with (g kg −1 DM) 215 protein, 240 modified acid detergent fibre (MADF), 78 water‐soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and 95 ash. Most farmers attempted to pre‐wilt grass for 1 day prior to ensilage and one quarter of them made unwilted silage. Silage making was usually completed within 6 days of starting to cut and was generally made with a precision‐chop machine. Silage additives applied were (kg t −1 ) formic acid (4·7), formic acid 4‐formalin (5·5), sulphuric acid‐+ formalin (5·0) sugars (14) and inoculants (0·65). Formic acid significantly reduced pH, and formic acid with or without formalin significantly reduced ammonia nitrogen (N) content of silages compared with other treatments. Protein contents of acid/formalin treated silages were significantly higher and MADF of acid with or without formalin treated silages were significantly lower than other treatments. Pre‐wilting grass prior to ensilage did not significantly increase subsequent silage DM content and significantly increased the pH of non‐additive treated silages. Unwilted silages treated with formic acid with or without formalin had a significantly lower ammonia‐N content and higher residual WSC than other treatments. It is suggested that only formic acid application either alone or in conjunction with formalin to unwilted silage was successful in producing well preserved silages and that a grass WSC content of 17 g kg −1 would be necessary to achieve this.
Analysis of paspalic acid, lysergic acid, and iso‐lysergic acid by capillary zone electrophoresis with UV‐ and quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometric detection

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

CZE was investigated for separation of lysergic, iso‐lysergic, and paspalic acid. BGEs were optimized regarding separation selectivity and analysis time as well as MS compatibility. BGEs using asparagine, Na‐tetraborate, or ammonium acetate yielded satisfactory resolution when 40% of methanol was added and the pH adjusted to 8.3. Applying acidic BGEs also allowed fast separations but the poor stability under acidic conditions of the selected analytes prevented further use. With ultraviolet (UV) detection, LODs were 0.45 and 0.40 mg/L for paspalic acid and lysergic acid, respectively. Run‐to‐run precision of peak areas was 1.8% for lysergic acid and 1.9% for paspalic acid and day‐to‐day precision was 2.4 and 4.0%, respectively. When MS detection was used LODs improved to 0.09 mg/L for paspalic acid and 0.07 mg/L for lysergic acid. Repeatability results were excellent for a CZE‐MS method without internal standard ranging from 3.4% for the highest standard concentration to 5.8% for the lowest concentration. Recovery and matrix effects were studied with samples taken from different stages of the manufacturing process and yielded an average recovery of 100.8% and a RSD of 5.7%.
Peningkatan Strategi Pemasaran Melalui Pelatihan Media Promosi Digital Pada Batik Tulis Moedjair Kandang Jaya Kabupaten Blitar

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The problem faced by partners is the low business capacity of the products sold. Meanwhile, the development of the business world is increasingly developing following the development of sophisticated technology, which requires business actors, especially batik craftsmen, not to be left behind. This is due to the product marketing system which is still conventional or the old tradition, namely through exhibition activities. The purpose of this service is to increase the business capacity of batik moedjair kandang jaya through an online marketing system. The solution offered by the proposer of this activity is to provide assistance in online product promotion and assistance in registering products in online applications so that it is expected to be able to increase business capacity and increase turnover or profits for batik craftsmen.
The Working Conditions and Reproductive Health of Female Hairdressers

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives: This study examined the reproductive health status and the work-related factors of female hairdressers. Methods: This study conducted by structured questionnaire from April 21th to May 20th. The study population of 316 were female hairdressers aged 15 to 60 years in Seoul. This study analysed the influencing factors, health related factors and work related factors on reproductive health using chi-square and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: 1. The 81.7% of the subjects aged under 29 years have unhealthy behaviors. The 47% of hairdressers experienced smoking. Among the total, 37% of them answered they are smoking at present. Those results reveal their working conditions were very stressful to cope as young females. 2. The use of hair dyes(OR=2.89, 95%CI:1.17-7.12), counteractive solutions(OR=3.20, 95%CI:1.04-9.83) and not wearing protective gloves(OR=2.81, 95%CI:1.11-7.12) are significantly associated with menstrual pains. 3. The hairdressers not using perm liquids were three times as likely to report regular menstruation compared with the hairdressers using perm liquids. Wearing protective gloves also was associated with regular menstruation. Conclusion: This study revealed various risky working conditions of hairdressers was associated with their reproductive health. This study suggests that we should pay more attention to the protective working conditions for reproductive health. More comprehensive health management program including reproductive health for female hairdressers is required as well.
Quantitative analysis of the regulatory circuits underlying antioxidant response and proliferation of ovarian cancer cells to understand and inform treatment design

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) exacerbate oxidative stress (OS) on cells and impact cell fate, including proliferation. Research has highlighted the role of the trans-acting regulator NRF2, which drives the transcription of genes associated with redox homeostasis. We propose that ROS manipulation could control proliferation depending on cell line and net redox status, which requires accurate quantification. We explored this and the role of NRF2 by profiling proliferation under normal and perturbed redox status for a panel of ovarian cell lines, and observed a significant correlation between proliferation ROS level and nuclear or cytoplasmic NRF2 localisation. Then to understand the mechanism of redox regulation we used our experimental data and other literature data to construct a mathematical model of the key response mechanisms to OS. We showed that cellular responses to OS are governed by a NRF2-KEAP1 dependent mechanism that is cell line specific. The fast dynamic redox regulation in this region most likely allows cancerous cells to maintain high level of endogenous ROS for proliferative advantage and to overcome OS. Furthermore, we identified cross-talk between ROS, NRF2 and HER family receptors and hypothesise that NRF2 sets the limit and effectiveness of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors in anticancer therapy.
Estrogen‐dependent sex difference in microglia in the developing brain of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Brain sexual differentiation is a developmental process leading to the establishment of stable neural sex differences. In birds and rodents, this process is largely driven by estrogens during a critical period. In rodents, estrogens drive the masculinization of the brain, a process that partly depends on microglia. In contrast, in birds, estrogens produced by females induce demasculinization, but whether microglia are involved in this process is unknown. This study assessed whether microglial number, morphology, and/or activity differ between the sexes in selected regions of the developing quail brain and whether they are influenced by estrogens. We found a robust female‐biased sex difference in microglial numbers between embryonic day 9 and 12 in the medial preoptic nucleus (POM), a key region for the expression of male sexual behavior. This difference relies on estrogens produced during the sensitive period. Although most embryonic microglia express iNOS, the expression of iNOS in individual microglia does not differ between sexes. Finally, microglial number and the expression of iNOS were not affected by the microglia inhibitor minocycline. Together, these results revealed an estrogen‐dependent sex difference in microglia during the critical period for the sexual differentiation of the quail brain. This difference mirrors the different role of estrogens in the development of birds and rodents and suggests a role for microglia in the sexual differentiation of the brain of birds, as in rodents, thus supporting the hypothesis of a conserved role of the neuroimmune system in the organization of the brain by estrogens.
THE APPLICATION OF DENDRITIC MATERIAL IN TEXTILE ENGINEERING

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

During the last decade, dendritic polymers including random hyperbranched polymers, dendrigrafts, dendrons and dendrimers characterized by a highly branched structure of great regularity, a compact shape, a large number of reactive end groups, and room between the branches for taking up guest molecules have attracted considerable attention. A remarkable variety of applications for dendritic polymers has been investigated as enabling building blocks for nanotechnology. A new promising area of potential applications for dendritic polymers is the field of textiles engineering. Therefore, this review intends to introduce a brief description of the synthesis and characteristic of dendritic polymers and new potential applications of dendritic polymers in textiles engineering. With regard to the price of dendritic polymers, the application of dendritic polymer, particularly hyperbranched polymer, will be new approach to create novel features in the field of textiles engineering.
Efficacy of Xylocoris flavipes (Reuter) (Het., Anthocoridae) to suppress Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Col., Bostrichidae) in traditional maize stores in southern Togo

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the course of three storage periods (1988–90) the predacious insects that occur in traditional maize stores in southern Togo were observed and their relationship to the introduced pest Prostephanus truncatus was investigated. The bug Xylocoris flavipes , a predator on a wide range of post‐harvest pests, was the only one observed regularly and in higher numbers. Laboratory trials with P. truncatus showed that the larvae were preyed on, and no preference for any one of the three instars was detected. On average, 7.3 pest larvae were killed by larvae or adults of the predator. In glass jar trials on loose maize X. flavipes reduced the numbers of P. truncatus by 57.6% after 8 weeks. The losses and damage were reduced by 50 and 17.6%, respectively. Observations in traditional maize stores indicated a tendency to decreasing populations of X. flavipes when populations of P. truncatus increased, presumably due to the unfavourable environmental conditions created by the pest. Therefore, it is concluded that X. flavipes does not play an important role in the control of this pest.
Case Report of a Prolactinoma in a Patient With a Novel MAX Mutation and Bilateral Pheochromocytomas

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pheochromocytomas are neuroendocrine tumors that can arise sporadically or be inherited as a familial disease, and they may occur in isolation or as part of a multitumor syndrome. Familial disease typically presents in younger patients with a higher risk of multifocality. Recently, the tumor suppressor MYC-associated factor X (MAX) gene has been implicated as a cause of familial isolated pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. We describe a patient with a pituitary prolactinoma and bilateral pheochromocytomas who tested positive for a germline MAX mutation. Interestingly, the patient also had mild primary hyperparathyroidism that resolved upon resection of the pheochromocytomas despite the absence of parathyroid hormone staining in the tumors. To our knowledge, this case is the first report of prolactinoma in a patient with a MAX mutation, which suggests the possibility of germline MAX mutations also contributing to the development of prolactinomas.
Bayesian online reliability estimation based on two-stage wiener process degradation model

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Deteriorate process of products with the effect of various degradation mechanism or complex components often shows a multiphase degradation phenomenon. Misspecification of single-phase degradation model will lead to poor performance. To make full use of degradation signals, a two-stage degradation model considering random effects on deteriorate rate and change time point is established to enhance the accuracy of degradation description and reliability assessment. Online parameter updating and reliability estimation are applied to reflect the equipment status and capability. We also analyze the reliability estimation error that a product with two-stage degradation signals may introduce when change point time has not shown off. Simulation study is conducted to verify the proposed method.
A newly identified Thr99fsX110 mutation in the PMP22 gene associated with an atypical phenotype of the hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) is manifested by a spectrum of phenotypes, from the classical HNPP course associated with intermittent nerve palsies to a neuropathy resembling Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1 (CMT1) disease. The majority of HNPP cases are associated with submicroscopical deletions in the 17p11.2-p12 region containing the PMP22 gene, while PMP22 point mutations are rare, representing about 15% of HNPP cases. In this study, we present a patient manifesting with atypical HNPP phenotype associated with a new Thr99fsX110 mutation in the PMP22 gene. We conclude that all patients who fulfill the electrophysiological criteria of HNPP, even if they lack the typical HNPP phenotype, should be tested for point mutations in the PMP22 gene.
Driver behaviour profiling based on trajectory analytics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Driver behaviour profiling, specifically in relation to identifying `good' versus `bad' driving patterns, is one of the most challenging problems in mobility data analytics. In this paper, the core task of driver behaviour profiling is addressed at the minimum level of pre-requisites, i.e., GPS-only trajectory data (no accelerometer or other sensors) of very low sampling rate (less than 0.1 Hz). A dynamic temporal resampling algorithm is employed for transforming GPS data into three distinct location-invariant time series, namely speed, acceleration, and turn rate, after map-matching and noise elimination pre-processing steps. A wide range of statistical, time series and spectral methods are implemented as feature functions or `encoders' of various aspects of short-term mobility tracking. In our experimental study, a large real-world trajectory dataset is processed and transformed into such a feature-vector dataset, which is subsequently used in unsupervised training and adaptive category identification for the various driving behaviour `states'. The proposed approach is designed for online/streaming mode and lightweight yet powerful analytics. The results show that such an approach is feasible, despite its challenging context of constraints, providing a data-driven adaptive way to recognizing `normal' vs. `abnormal' driving patterns on-the-fly.
Analisis Strukturalisme Levi-Strauss dan Dimensi Profil Pelajar Pancasila pada Cerita Rakyat Kerajaan Dayeuhluhur Cikal Bakal Kabupaten Cilacap

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Indonesia has a long history of heroism, chivalry, and patriotism throughout its islands. These stories have been told from generation to generation in oral folklore. One of the interesting folktales that contains character cultural values is the folklore from Cilacap regency with the Dayeuhluhur Kingdom of Cilacap Regency. The purpose of this research is to describe and explain the structure of Levi-Strauss and the dimensions of the profile of Pancasila Students in the folklore of the Dayeuhluhur Kingdom of Cilacap Regency. This study uses content analysis techniques. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the episodes in the folklore of the Dayeuhluhur Kingdom of Cilacap Regency consist of five episodes. The episode is explained in sequence and sequence starting from the background of Prabu Gagak Ngampar's wanderings until the Dayeuhluhur Kingdom ends. In the structural analysis, there are 4 levels, the geographical level describes the place that Prabu Gagak Ngampar passed through during his wanderings and found a plain named the Dayeuhluhur Kingdom. The techno-economic structure describes the economy of the Dayeuhluhur people during the Dayeuhluhur Kingdom, namely farming, gardening, and hunting animals. The sociological structure describes the interaction of Kingdom figures and ordinary people. Finally, the cosmological structure describes human life with the Creator as well as the occult and magic. The dimension of the profile of Pancasila students can be reflected in the description of the life of the Dayeuhluhur kings contained in the promise of Prabu Gagak Ngampar which became the philosophy of life of the community known as Rineksa Panca Satya. This life guideline is in line with the dementia profile of Pancasila students.
Defending the indefensible? The use of argumentation, legitimation, and othering in debates on refugees in the Canadian House of Commons, 2010-2012

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The goal of this thesis is to investigate language use among elite parliamentarians \nin debates related to refugee asylum. It challenges the non-political “taken for granted” \nnotions that many parliamentarians employ in their speeches and, using Critical Discourse \nAnalysis, seeks to understand how argumentation, legitimation, and Othering strategies \nare used to support and reinforce their positions. While the Conservative government \ncontends that Bill C-11: The Balanced Refugee Reform Act and Bill C-31: Protecting \nCanada’s Immigration System Act are aimed at refugee reform and designed to target \n“criminal middlemen,” I argue that their approach is actually aimed at restricting refugee \nasylum, despite the fact that it is an internationally recognized treaty right. To augment \nmy efforts, I frame my analysis around the work of two key theorists: Antonio Gramsci \nand Zygmunt Bauman. \nThe Gramscian model of cultural hegemony informs my thesis in at least two key \nways: first, I argue that language use (specifically, the negative portrayal of asylum \nseekers) is manipulated for the sole purpose of presenting refugee claimants as criminals; \nsecond, by criminalizing certain groups, the Conservative government is able to put \nforward a particular worldview that portrays certain types of refugees as legitimate, and \ntherefore deserving of protection. I contend, however, that cultural hegemony is \ninsufficient to explain how the Conservatives are able to propagate this worldview given \nthat cultural hegemony is primarily driven by ideology. While contemporary Canadian \npolitical ideologies differ significantly, opposition parties nonetheless unintentionally \nreproduce a Conservative worldview regarding asylum seekers. In its place, I argue that banal hegemony helps to explain this discrepancy. Bauman’s discussion of mobility is \nrelevant given that I assess how asylum seekers are framed as illegals whose ability to \nseek asylum is restrained. Restricting or controlling mobility is central to the \nConservative defense precisely because those who cannot arrive in Canada are unable to \nmake an asylum claim. In fact, over the past few years, there has been a movement to \n“push the border out.” \nI conclude that the Conservative defense is not only fallacious, untenable, and \nprejudicial but designed to portray asylum seekers are criminals, fraudsters, and security \nthreats. This thesis adds to the extant literature on Critical Discourse Analysis from a \nCanadian parliamentary perspective and describes how politics is constituted by, and \nthrough, language. Moreover, it offers a sociological understanding of how parliamentary \ndebates help to produce and reproduce social inequality and prejudice.
SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATION OF MAGNETIC NANOMATERIALS FOR MEMORY STORAGE DEVICES

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Nanomaterials have been the topic of intense industrial research for the past several years. They have unique physical, chemical, optical and magnetic properties as compared to those of their bulky counterparts. Intense research has been done on reducing the size of memory devices in the electronics industry. This requirement has made it extremely urgent to explore the materials with larger scope of functionalities on their surfaces. In this respect the conventional silicon based materials have been engineered for better and better control and modification of their surfaces but unfortunately this conventional route does not provide us with both higher functionalities as well as high speeds. In this regard, magnetic nanomaterials have been researched for interesting and far sighted effects. These have been the hot destinations for their sensitive responses in the biomedical and diagnostic applications. Magnetism at nanoscale is also significantly different from the one observed at bulk scale. Magnetic nanoparticles are normally made up of materials which have sensitive magnetic properties arising from the unpaired electrons in their d-orbitals and their coupling effect with their nuclear spins. This review explores the synthesis methods of the magnetic nanomaterials and their possible implementation in making memory based electronic storage devices. This also highlights the significant benefits and aspects that compel the use for investigating memory based potential for magnetic nanomaterials.
Investing in Conflict Management

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Achieving peace and building the institutions that will make it last require much time and effort on the part of adversaries. While making this effort, the likelihood of peace is uncertain, and preparations for conflict are ongoing. Using a model that takes such considerations into account, adversaries divide their resources between “guns,”“butter,” and investments in conflict management. Even when all adversaries undertake sizable investments in conflict management, peace is uncertain. Results show that larger initial wealth increases the likelihood of peace, whereas the number of adversaries can have widely different effects. A larger number of adversaries in cases of international conflict tends to increase the likelihood of peace but has the opposite effect in cases of domestic conflict.