jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Chloroplast DNA Polymorphisms in Sweet, Sour, and Ground Cherry

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sour cherry ( Prunus cerasus ) is an allotetraploid with sweet cherry ( P. avium ) and ground cherry ( P. fruticosa ) as the proposed progenitor species. Three cpDNA markers from eight sweet, four ground, and 26 sour cherry selections were analyzed to investigate the relatedness of their cp genomes. To date, two RFLP polymorphisms have been identified with both the P2 and P4 fragments of tomato cpDNA, while four length polymorphisms of an intergenic spacer have been identified by PCR amplification. Sweet and ground cherry have different cp polymorphisms, while sour cherry individuals have been identified that have the sweet and ground cherry polymorphisms plus a unique polymorphism. Additional individuals chosen to represent the diversity within each species will be screened to provide a more complete assessment of cp diversity. In addition, progeny from a sour cherry cross where the parents have different cp polymorphisms are being evaluated to determine if the chloroplasts are exclusively maternally inherited.
Hormonal controls on reproduction in female heteroptera

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A survey of the literature related to hormonal control of reproduction in female heteropterans reveals many common features. Juvenile hormone secreted by the corpus allatum is the principal hormone governing vitellogenesis. Feeding and nutrition affects egg development via juvenile hormone secreted by the corpus allatum, which is under inhibitory control from the brain. Information about feeding reaches the brain via a humoral route. Similarly, mating increases egg production by altering the degree of inhibition of the corpus allatum by the brain, although the nature of the mating stimulus and the route by which the stimulus reaches the brain remains uncertain. There may be one or more stimulatory factors acting on the corpus allatum. Progress in identifying controls on the corpus allatum is hindered by our ignorance of the identity of the juvenile hormone(s) acting in Heteroptera. Ovulation and oviposition are under the control of a myo-active peptide from the brain, and its release is governed by hormonal inputs from both mating and the ovary. The ovarian input appears to consist of ecdysteroid. A role for ovarian ecdysteroid in controlling the corpus allatum remains uncertain. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 35:443–453, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Vulnerability to climate change of coastal mangrove-dependent communities in the Tana Delta, Kenya: a local perspective

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Coastal mangrove-dependent communities face various risks due to climate change, thus rendering them vulnerable. This study explored the vulnerability of these communities in the Tana Delta in Kenya using an indicator-based vulnerability assessment framework to better understand their exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Data was collected through household surveys (n = 377), focus group discussions (FGDs), and key informant interviews (KIIs). The analysis revealed mean vulnerability indices at the sub-location level ranged from 0.850 for Kipini to − 0.913 for Kilelengwani and − 2.702 for Ozi. The statistically significant indicators of vulnerability were (i) exposure—high temperatures and rainfall changes; (ii) sensitivity—household numbers, head of household’s age, dependents’ education, and dependents’ employment; and (iii) adaptive capacity—ownership of assets, access to community infrastructure and services, condition/quality of houses, total income, and alternative sources of income. The findings highlight the need for adaptation strategies that ensure greater financial assets supported by education and skills enhancement to utilize existing opportunities. Attention to community infrastructure and services is crucial. Policy should focus on financial, physical, and human assets to reduce community vulnerability alongside the continued conservation and management of mangrove resources. The results will help policymakers in addressing the impacts of climate change and benefit households in the study area. These insights can be applied to regions with similar climate conditions and livelihood systems.
ON-STREET PARKING MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

An effective on-street parking management program comprises the following major elements: regulation of on-street parking supply; residential parking permit program; parking meter management; and programs to ensure that parking tickets are paid. Regulating on-street parking includes the following: allocation of the on-street supply among various uses; loading zone restrictions; restrictions on the duration of parking; restrictions on the hours of parking; and providing preferential treatment to carpools and vanpools. Residential parking permit programs (RPPPs) provide means for controlling commuter parking in residential neighborhoods adjacent to major activity centers. A parking meter management program must include parking meter location policies, meter rate policies, meter maintenance, and comprehensive cash management procedures to eliminate or minimize pilfering of meter revenues. In a coordinated enforcement program, ticket writing is a critical element, and the responsibility for this element is discussed. To ensure that parking tickets are paid, the following actions are important: booting, towing, parking ticket processing systems, and parking ticket collections. To improve parking enforcement, several cities have taken to the use of administrative procedures for adjudicating disputed parking tickets. The successful Washington, D.C. parking enforcement program is outlined. Experiences in several cities have demonstrated that a comprehensive and well-managed parking program has many benefits.
PACIFIC RIM TRANSTECH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. VOLUME II. CONNECTICUT I-95 INCIDENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Connecticut Department of Transportation's implementation of strategies, namely, Incident Management, to elleviate traffic congestion and expedite traffic movement particularly on I-95, is described. The Incident Management strategies include the following: establish a control center in the I-95 Corridor; install permanent variable message signs; install cameras and detectors; coordinate the traffic signals on U.S. Route I and adjacent roadways to provide diversionary routes. The details of detection, verification, response, vehicle removal, wrecker service and freeway service patrols are described.
Determination of Zearalenone in Urine Samples from Guatemala: A Pilot Assessment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

*Co-first authorsAbstract:Zearalenone (ZEA), one of the most prevalent estrogenic mycotoxins, contaminates crops, including maize, rice, and wheat. Previous studies have found high levels of mycotoxins, particularly fumonisin B1 (FB1) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in maize from Guatemala. In addition, our group has reported high levels of serum aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in this population. However, exposure to ZEA has not been examined in Guatemala. Thus, this pilot study assessed the presence of ZEA in urine samples from Guatemala City and vicinity (n=50). In addition, correlation between ZEA and AFB1was examined as well as correlations with maize and tortilla consumption. Ten of the 50 samples had detectable levels of ZEA, with a median level of 2.0 pg/uL. No correlations were found with AFB1 levels, nor with maize or tortilla consumption. This is the first report on the presence of ZEA in urine samples from Guatemala. These results suggest that further research on ZEA in Guatemala is warranted.
Safety Management of Complex Facilities

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The safe community is now at time of globalisation very dependent on a safety level of complex facilities ensuring the territory by basic service necessary for human live, e.g. the electric energy on which there are dependent supplies of good quality drinking water, utility water, information distribution etc. Series of events from recent years connected with complex facilities failures showed their high importance.The complex facility represents multistage mutually overlapping systems, the type of which is a system of systems.The paper presents the model for complex facilities safety management based on the combination of principles: All-Hazard-Approach and Defence-In-Depth.It shows the way how to manage the safety of individual complex facility systems and the whole complex facility in time.
The results of cutting disks testing for rock destruction

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

\nTo determine the rational order of disk tools placement on the working body is necessary to know the maximum amount of rock, destroyed by the disk tool in benching cutting mode depending on the tool geometry parameters, physical and mechanical parameters of rocks. The article contains the definition of rational parameters of cutting disk tools as well as power and energy parameters of the destruction process by cutting disks and by executive body of the coal cutter. The rational geometric parameters of cutting discs are specified. It was found that each step of cutting with a minimum depth of penetration has its own maximum height of bench outcrop. The dependence of the volumes of large items destroyed by the disk tool on the cutting step height was determined. The existence of the cyclic alternation of destruction phases, regardless the fracture parameters, the height of the ledge outcrop, and tools like free cutting geometry were found. In contrast to the free cutting in benching mode of destruction two large fragments of rocks in one cycle were observed. Consequently, the cyclical nature of the destruction process in the benching mode will be characterized by two chips and crushing, and this cycling repeats throughout the destruction process with the same parameters of destruction.\n
Monitoring House Vacancy Dynamics in The Pearl River Delta Region: A Method Based on NPP-VIIRS Night-Time Light Remote Sensing Images

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Urban spatial interaction integrates cities into closely related urban network systems in continuous urban regions. However, it also brings differentiation and has mutual negative impacts between each location. Unbalanced development is one such impacts and needs closely monitoring. The housing vacancy rate (HVR) in a continuous urban region is an important index in the unbalanced development of a continuous urban region since it indicates the uneven distribution of population and investment across cities. This study uses NPP-VIIRS NTL data and Landsat 8 OLT images to estimate HVRs at the district level. Additionally, this study tracks the spatial–temporal dynamics of HVR distributions in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region. The comparison between the sampled HVRs and estimated HVRs verifies the effectiveness of the estimated HVRs in identifying dynamic changes in HVRs. This study has found that although overall decreasing HVRs are observed in the PRD, speculations and irrational real estate investment exist in cities on the west bank of the Pearl River Estuary and in some isolated districts in other cities. Furthermore, increasing proportions of vacant pixels in most cities indicate rising real estate development, requiring further supervision. This study suggests that more precise data and advanced techniques could help to improve the accuracy of the estimation techniques.
Non-vascularised Periosteal Graft Transplantation in Sheep: A practical Guide for Experimental Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The roles of experimental animals in orthopedic research is very crucial for the management of bone defects. Given the various drawbacks of the vascularised periosteal graft, researchers began to explore the effectiveness of non-vascularised periosteal graft in fracture healing management. Small laboratory animals especially rabbits have been widely used for non-vascularised periosteal transplantation research but with more challenges of obtaining a good graft size. Therefore, bigger animals, such as sheep—with more morphological and physiological similarities to human are used as animal model for surgical procedures. The article elaborates the features of periosteum, comparative anatomy of sheep’s hind limb, pre-surgical preparation, and surgical procedure for the transplantation of non-vascularised periosteal graft, especially for researchers operating on sheep for the first time. A male sheep of 4-month-old was used for this procedure. Periosteal graft was harvested from tibia and transplanted to femur to mimic treatment of bone gap in orthopedic surgery.
Ultrasound modalities and quantification: developments of multiparametric ultrasonography, a new modality to detect, localize and target prostatic tumors.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The novel ultrasound modalities of SWE and CEUS imaging open the door for taking targeted biopsies based on the detection and localization of PCa by these novel modalities. This potentially improves PCa detection wherein significantly reducing the number of biopsy cores.
Some notes on the influence of religion on economics in a Tikar subtribe, West‐Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

SYNOPSIS The author is interested in the relation which exists between the cultural main‐factors: religion; economics, social organization and starts with some information on what has been done in this connection, then restricts herself to her own investigations of 1938 and 1939 on the Nsei, in the Bamenda Province of the British Cameroons still living under old traditional conditions. The economics of this tribe are mostly self‐supporting. Money is only earned to lobola wives, as many as possible in order to fulfil best the demands of their ancestral religion by producing many descendants. From the European point of view a wife yields no interest as none of the products of her labour is used to increase the wealth of the family or for a higher standard of living. This earning of money only for lobolo purposes effects a special rhythm in the labour of men. Several stages are distinguished showing that their manual labour not being directly connected with their family life decreases already in the prime of their life. Then the labour rhythm for each individual is religiously shaped as also are their economical institutions. As farming is done by women their number regulates the amount of land alloted to a family. In fact, quite a number of fields remain untilled as no fields are cultivated for economic purposes. When the cleaning of the fields or harvesting has to be done men drop all their craft work, trade, etc., for it is their main‐interest to insure enough food for their families. As descendants are the centre and aim in the life of both sexes, men and women have an equal share of labour and responsibility. These conclusions are supported by exact observations given in the form of tables including a survey of men's occupations in crafts, trade, etc.; a description of trade and its profit; of goods transported to the coast and profits of sale (examples); weekly occupations and the profit on labour in crafts (examples). These tables show what little interest the men have in crafts and in trade. A special example shows to what extent farming is done by, and alloted to, a typical polygynous family. Tables are given on: the type; amount; profits of crops grown ; on house‐building (expense of labour, feasts); on division of labour between the sexes. An additional note is given on the relation of religion and sociology as well as on sociology and economics.
Physiological and biochemical characterization of sugar beet against salt-stress

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Salt stress is a major problem at global level and it is very important to utilize salt-affected soils using appropriate techniques. Growing of halophytes on saline-sodic soil is a win-win strategy getting economic crop production and conserving soil resources. An experiment was conducted to characterize the salt-resistance sugar beet cultivar at seedling based on growth physiological and biochemical parameters under different levels of salt stress. A hydroponic experiment was conducted using eight sugar beet cultivars and two salt stress levels (60 and 120 mM NaCl) along with a control. The plants were harvested ten days after giving salt stress. Cluster dendrogram and principal component analysis were the most appropriate methods for screening the suitable cultivar. Most of the sugar beet cultivars responded resistance against salt stress however VEDA cultivar performed better against salt stress. Thus VEDA cultivar acquired highest position at 60 mM NaCl showing the highest growth attributes antioxidant activity with higher K+/Na+ ratio hydrogen peroxide phenolic and melandialdehyde content indicating strong defense mechanism against salt induced oxidative and osmotic stress mainly owing to the best K+ and Na+ balance. Therefore VEDA cultivar is considered as the best salt-resistant cultivar with great potential to be grown on salt-affected soils and further characterizing of this cultivar can lead to develop further salt-resistant cultivars as well.
Advanced surface finishing of aerospace materials using magnetic media

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

As 3D printing or additive manufacturing becomes more prominent, the techniques required in finishing components produced through that method also gain importance. Additive manufacturing is already being utilised to create engine and turbine parts in the aerospace industry. Hence, it is crucial to find ways to implement finishing techniques similar to MAF in the aerospace industry. The aim of this study is to conduct a capability study of a novel internal surface finishing technique using magnetic tool with flexible shaft. The finishing process was designed and its experimental setup was assembled. A factorial experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the internal magnetic finishing on surface roughness and material removal by varying the current, vibration frequency and the abrasive grit number. The process was employed on SS316 and Ti-6Al-4V workpieces. From the results, it is observed that the finishing technique was able to polish the internal surfaces of both SS316 and Ti-6Al-4V workpieces. Even though interaction effects were found between the three process variables, the main effects were dominant. This is true for both SS316 and Ti-6Al-4V workpieces. The most dominant factor was found to be grit number. Higher grit number causes an increase in material removal. Higher current causes an increase in material removal. Higher vibration frequency leads to an increase in material removal. In addition, it was found out that on smooth surfaces (Ra<1µm), lower current results in smoother finished surface. In conclusion, it can be determined that the internal magnetic finishing technique is a plausible method to polish SS316 and Ti-6Al-4V internal surfaces. Further research needs to be done to analyse its accessibility and applicability for more complex internal geometries.
Infected wound healing and antimicrobial effects of Chenopodium ambrosioides and Mitracarpus scaber

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Chenopodium ambrosioides Linn. (Chenopdiaceae) and Mitracarpus scaber Zucc. (Rubiaceae) are herbal medicinal plants. They are commonly used in Togolese folk medicine to treat skin infections such as infected wounds, dermatoses, and scabies. The aim of this work was to evaluate the wound healing and antimicrobial properties of the two plants. Firstly, we evaluated the infected wound healing property of the two plants. We induced and treated infected wound in Wistar rats as follows. We inserted a sterile needle under the skin of the animal previously anesthetized by ether. Along the needle, we made an incision of 2 cm of length. The wound was infected with 24 hours colonies of P.aeruginosa. One infected wound was created per animal. 0.5 g of ointments prepared form C. ambrosioides and M. scaber leaf extracts, was applied twice a day. Secondly, we conducted antimicrobial assays with extracts prepared with the leaves of the plants.Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albcans, Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. were used in this study. Infected wound in control group healed in 12.6±0.245 days. The ointment from C. ambrosioides or M. scaber leaf extracts, significantly and respectively reduced this mean time to 07.04±0.245 (P
From Antagonists to Protagonists: Muslims on the Hollywood Screen

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

I investigate the depictions of Muslims in Hollywood film. Have the Muslim protagonists been reduced to antagonists? Are the depictions historically and culturally relevant? How can films psychologically impact viewers? What kinds of stereotypes pervade even the most innocuous of films? What context to these stereotypes rise out of? What impact do Hollywood images of Muslims have on the ideas, actions, and politics of the American public? How do non-Hollywood films portray Muslims, and what impact do these films have on viewers? This paper finds that Hollywood’s negative portrayal of Muslims is not an accident. It reflects the geopolitical atmosphere of the nation at the time. It is no coincidence that terrorist-as-villain films became increasingly violent after 9/11. Hollywood films are deliberate in their perpetuation of a system that privileges non-Muslim Americans over Muslim Americans. These repeated images of Muslims as evil, backwards, dirty, and more flash before viewers’ eyes over and over again until we no longer realize that we are being trained to hate. I feel that in the era of the Muslim ban, it is important now more than ever that we critically reflect on the images being presented to us. Additionally, we must encourage the production and viewing of films that work to positively depict Muslims and dispel negative stereotypes. Based on my research, this can be achieved most successfully by giving women, people of color, and Muslims themselves the opportunity to direct such films.
Influence of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on the characteristics of seeds of Jatropha

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Agronomic information on the cultivation of Jatropha plants (Jatropha curcas L.) in the field is still uncommon in the literature, especially under conditions of water and nutritional stress. Thus, this field study aimed to evaluate the effects of irrigation depths (735; 963; 1,191; 1,418 and 1,646 mm) and nitrogen fertilization (0; 25; 50 and 75 kg ha-1) on the characteristics of seeds of Jatropha. Nitrogen fertilization did not influence the production components of Jatropha. The seeds have an elongated aspect, where the length is always greater than the width and thickness. The highest values of seed thickness obtained in plants under the lowest irrigation depth. Plants under the highest irrigation depth showed the highest values of seed length, total number of seeds per plant and productivity of seeds.