jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The relationship between employment and social participation among Australians with a disabling chronic health condition: a cross-sectional analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Objectives Social interaction may be particularly important for people with chronic health conditions, due to the numerous benefits to an individual's health. This paper aims to determine if labour force participation is a factor that influences individuals with chronic health conditions partaking in social or cultural events. Design and setting The study undertakes a cross-sectional analysis of the 2009 Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers , a nationally representative survey of the Australian population. Participants 33 376 records of persons aged 25–64years. Outcome measures Participation in social and community activities. Results It was found that after controlling for age, sex, level of highest education, income unit type and severity of disability, people with a chronic health condition that were in the labour force were more than twice as likely to be participating in social or community events (OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.95 to 3.29, p<0.0001), and in cultural events (OR 2.57, 95% CI 2.21 to 3.00, p<0.0001) as their counterparts who were out of the labour force. The results were then repeated, with the addition of income as a confounding variable. People with a chronic health condition that were in the labour force were still a little more than twice as likely to be participating in social or community events (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.69 to 3.00, p<0.0001), and to be participating in cultural events (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.76 to 2.45, p<0.0001) as their counterparts who were out of the labour force. Conclusions Participating in the labour force may be an important driver of social participation among those with chronic health conditions, independent of income. People with chronic health conditions who are not in the labour force and do not participate in social or cultural activities may have a compounding disadvantage.
Dopamine D1 and corticotrophin‐releasing hormone type‐2α receptors assemble into functionally interacting complexes in living cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background and Purpose Dopamine and corticotrophin‐releasing hormone ( CRH ; also known as corticotrophin‐releasing factor ) are key neurotransmitters in the interaction between stress and addiction. Repeated treatment with cocaine potentiates glutamatergic transmission in the rat basolateral amygdala/cortex pathway through a synergistic action of D 1 ‐like dopamine receptors and CRH type‐2 α receptors ( CRF 2 α receptor s ). We hypothesized that this observed synergism could be instrumented by heteromers containing the dopamine D 1 receptor and CRF 2 α receptor. Experimental Approach D 1 / CRF 2 α receptor heteromerization was demonstrated in HEK 293 T cells using co‐immunoprecipitation, BRET and FRET assays, and by using the heteromer mobilization strategy. The ability of D 1 receptors to signal through calcium, when singly expressed or co‐expressed with CRF 2 α receptors , was evaluated by the calcium mobil ization assay. Key Results D 1 / CRF 2 α receptor heteromers were observed in HEK 293 T cells. When singly expressed, D 1 receptors w ere mostly located at the cell surface whereas CRF 2 α receptors accumulated intracellularly. Interestingly, co‐expression of both receptors promoted D 1 receptor intracellular and CRF 2 α receptor cell surface targeting. The heteromerization of D 1 / CRF 2 α receptors maintained the signalling through c AMP of both receptors but switched D 1 receptor signalling properties, as the heteromeric D 1 receptor was able to mobilize intracellular calcium upon stimulation with a D 1 receptor agonist. Conclusions and Implications D 1 and CRF 2 α receptors are capable of heterodimerization in living cells. D 1 / CRF 2 α receptor heteromerization might account, at least in part, for the complex physiological interactions established between dopamine and CRH in normal and pathological conditions such as addiction, representing a new potential pharmacological target.
Comparative Evaluation of Patties Prepared from Pacific White Shrimps ( Litopenaeus vannamei ) Grown in Inland Saline Water and Brackish Water Regimes during Frozen Storage

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this study, an attempt has been made to develop shrimp patties from inland saline water reared vannamei (ISRV) and compare its quality with that from brackish water reared vannamei (BWRV) under storage conditions at −18°C for 4 months. The patties prepared from ISRV had tantamount protein (21.69%), high ash (1.62%) and low fat (0.31%) content as compared with BWRV patties, which had protein, ash and fat content as 22.45%, 1.52% and 0.43% respectively. No significant difference was observed in sensory scores of the patties. Trimethylamine, total volatile base nitrogen, total viable bacterial count and staphylococcal count were significantly increasing during storage and are within the acceptable limits. Peroxide value and TBARS increased during storage and slightly higher values observed in ISRV. This study concluded that overall quality and shelf life of patties prepared from ISRV was comparable with BWRV and there is no significant effect observed under frozen conditions.
Data from Mutations in the <i>DDR2</i> Kinase Gene Identify a Novel Therapeutic Target in Squamous Cell Lung Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Although genomically targeted therapies have improved outcomes for patients with lung adenocarcinoma, little is known about the genomic alterations that drive squamous cell cancer (SCC) of the lung. Sanger sequencing of the tyrosine kinome identified mutations in the <i>DDR2</i> kinase gene in 3.8% of lung SCCs and cell lines. Lung SCC cell lines harboring <i>DDR2</i> mutations were selectively killed by knockdown of DDR2 by RNA interference or by treatment with the multitargeted kinase inhibitor dasatinib. Tumors established from a <i>DDR2</i> mutant cell line were sensitive to dasatinib in xenograft models. Expression of mutated <i>DDR2</i> led to cellular transformation that was blocked by dasatinib. A patient with lung SCC that responded to dasatinib and erlotinib treatment harbored a <i>DDR2</i> kinase domain mutation. These data suggest that gain-of-function mutations in <i>DDR2</i> are important oncogenic events and are amenable to therapy with dasatinib. Because dasatinib is already approved for use, these findings could be used to rapidly generate clinical trials.</p><p><b>Significance:</b> <i>DDR2</i> mutations are present in 4% of lung SCCs, and <i>DDR2</i> mutations are associated with sensitivity to dasatinib. These findings provide a rationale for designing clinical trials with the FDA-approved drug dasatinib in patients with lung SCCs. <i>Cancer Discovery; 1(1); 78–89. ©2011 AACR</i>.</p><p>Read the Commentary on this article by Ohashi and Pao, p. 23</p><p>This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 4</p></div>
Management of primary and metastatic tumors to the liver.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Primary and metastatic liver tumors continue to be a significant health problem in the United States. Hepatic resection or, in selected cases, transplantation are the only curative therapies for patients with resectable disease confined to the liver. Careful preoperative selection is crucial to avoid unnecessary surgical explorations that considerably reduce the quality of the short remaining life of patients with unresectable tumors. The surgeon needs to understand the role of imaging techniques in the evaluation of hepatic tumors for better selection of the patients who are candidates for an aggressive surgical approach. Several other therapeutic options are available for patients with unresectable disease. Until further research delineates the specific interactions among environmental factors, hepatic injury, hepatic regeneration, host factors, and molecular mechanisms of malignant transformation that can lead to specific preventive and treatment interventions, control of this disease will continue to rely on modifications of currently available treatment modalities.
The devil is in the details: retention of recipient group A type 5 years after a successful allogeneic bone marrow transplant from a group O donor.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABO-incompatible (ABOi) hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCTs) can present challenges in the blood bank. During transplantation, patients receive components that are ABO-compatible with both the donor graft and recipient; this practice can strain group O red blood cell (RBC) inventories.1 In addition, there are risks for acute hemolysis at the time of infusion and in the early post-transplant period.1,2 In ABO major-incompatible bone marrow HSCTs, which contain significant quantities of donor RBCs that are ABOi with recipient plasma, it is common to perform a RBC depletion of the bone marrow in an effort to minimize hemolysis at the time of infusion.2 Furthermore, patients with high-titer ABO antibodies may undergo a prophylactic, pre-transplant plasma exchange to further reduce the risk of acute hemolysis, delayed RBC engraftment, and pure RBC aplasia.2-4 ABO minor-incompatible HSCTs, in which donor plasma is ABOi with the recipient, have less risk for hemolysis at the time of infusion but can result in transient hemolysis approximately 10-21 days post-transplant, especially in patients undergoing nonmyeloablative HSCT and/or patients who have not received methotrexate for graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) prophylaxis.1-4 In these patients, viable donor B-lymphocytes in the graft may expand and produce ABO antibodies capable of hemolyzing patient RBCs.
FIGURE 14 in Uncovering Brazilian Otiocerinae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Derbidae): description of three new species and first records for the tribes Sikaianini Muir, 1913 and Patarini Emeljanov, 1995

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

FIGURE 14. Comparative morphology of Patara tegmina. A, P. pakaraima. B, P. inermis. C, P. guttata. D, P. vanduzei. E, P. cooki. F, P. paladinae sp. nov. Figures modified based on (E) Bahder et al. (2021), (A, B, C) Fennah (1952), and (D) a photograph kindly shared by Dr. Brian Bahder.
Silicon carbide low temperature sintering: the particle size effect of raw materials and sintering additive

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Aiming at dense sintering of silicon carbide ceramic, magnesium alloy powder was taken as additive, and silicon carbide powders with two different particle size were sintered by the same hot pressure sintering process. Result shows that ceramic sintered by the powder with larger particle size is denser. Magnesium and carbon segregation is observed in the sample prepared by powder with smaller particle size, in which silicon carbide particles cannot be uniformly dispersed by sintering additives. However, sintering additives distribute homogeneously among silicon carbide particles in the sample prepared by powder with larger particle size, which can effectively play a bonding role. In the selection of liquid phase sintering additives, particle size matching of raw material and sintering additives should be emphasized.
Detecting phenology change in the mayfly Ephemera danica: responses to spatial and temporal water temperature variations

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Rising water temperatures under climate change are expected to affect the phenology of aquatic insects, including the mayfly Ephemera danica Muller which is widespread throughout Europe. 2. To assess temporal and spatial variability in mayfly emergence, E. danica were monitored at two thermally contrasting reaches in the River Dove, English Peak District over the period 2007-2013. Inter-annual variations in growing degree days (GDDs) were modelled for an upstream site with intermittent spring flow supplementing main channel flow (Beresford Dale) and downstream site dominated by near constant discharges of cool groundwater (Dovedale). 3. A strong association exists between the emergence cycle of E. danica and GDDs at each site. Beresford Dale accumulated on average 374 more GDDs than Dovedale. After warm summers E. danica emerged after only 1 year in Beresford Dale but began to revert to a bi-annual cycle after the particularly wet/cool year of 2012. In Dovedale, E. danica maintained a 2-year cycle throughout the monitoring period in spite of the phenology changes observed 8 km upstream. 4. Data from the present study suggest that habitats near cool groundwater may provide important refugia for populations of insects, potentially delaying permanent shifts in phenology under climate change. However, an ability to detect changes in the thermal triggers and phenological response may be hindered by conventional spot sampling protocols.
1 Huanglongbing in the State of São Paulo – Brazil Current situation, regulation, management and economic impact

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

São Paulo (SP), the most important citrus producing state in Brazil, has suffered from the attack of several pests and diseases, which has largely increased the costs of fruit production. Huanglongbing (HLB), associated with two Candidatus Liberibacter species and a phytoplasma, is currently the most serious of these epidemics. Control measures include elimination of symptomatic trees, insecticide application against the insect vector Diaphorina citri, and planting of healthy trees produced in screened nurseries. Elimination of symptomatic trees has been mandatory since 2005, one year after the first report of HLB in the State, but has not been adopted rigorously by all farmers. Consequently, the disease has spread and today is present in all commercial citrus growing regions of SP. The last of a series of field surveys carried out in 2009, indicates that HLB is present in 24 % of the 96 thousand blocks and affects 0.87 % of the estimated 214 million trees growing in the State. The Center and South of SP are the most affected regions with higher rates of disease progress. Although in several farms rigorous control measures for HLB control have been adopted, continual progress of the disease epidemic in the State has created apprehension.
Effect of dietary fructans and chromium(III) supplementation on apparent fat digestibility and blood lipid indices in rat.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background. Fructans and chromium(III) are believed to influence lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in animal and human organisms, that can be applied in regulation or improvement of lipid indices, however the importance of their effect is still unclear. This study aimed at evaluation of the effect of inulin-type fructans and chromium(III) supplementation on fat digestibility and blood lipid indices in rats. Material and methods. In a three-factorial design 56 male Wistar rats were fed ad libitum semipurified diets (AIN-93) supplemented with two types and levels of fructans (inulin or oligofructose, 5% or 10% of diet) and two levels of chromium(III) (0.5 or 5 mg/kg of diet; as Cr(III) propionate complex) for 10 weeks. Apparent fat digestibility and blood lipid profile were determined. Results. It was found that experimental factors did not influence apparent fat digestibility, serum total cholesterol, HDL and HDL cholesterol concentrations, however serum TAG level was significantly lower in animals fed oligofructose vs. inulin diets, high-fructan vs. low-fructan diet. Conclusions. Inulin type fructans and supplementary Cr(III) do not affect apparent fat digestibility, fructans however influence lipid metabolism, lowering serum TAG levels in rat.
Recent Advances in FLT3 Inhibitors for Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3) mutations occur in approximately 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases, suggesting FLT3 as an attractive target for AML treatment. Early FLT3 inhibitors enhance antileukemia efficacy by inhibiting multiple targets, and thus had stronger off-target activity, increasing their toxicity. Recently, a number of potent and selective FLT3 inhibitors have been developed, many of which are effective against multiple mutations. This review outlines the evolution of AML-targeting FLT3 inhibitors by focusing on their chemotypes, selectivity and activity over FLT3 wild-type and FLT3 mutations as well as new techniques related to FLT3. Compounds that currently enter the late clinical stage or have entered the market are also briefly reported.
Thriving Under an Anti-Superstition Regime: The Dragon Mother Cult In Yuecheng, Guangdong, During The 1930s

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

China’s quest for modernity since the early twentieth century has put popular religion in a vulnerable situation. A large number of temples were demolished or converted for other purposes in the Republican period as a result of the campaigns against "superstition." Interestingly, during the 1930s, the popularity of the "ancestral temple" of the Dragon Mother (Longmu) located on the northern bank of the West River in Guangdong did not merely continue but flourished. This article explains the various factors that helped promote the expansion of the Dragon Mother cult, including the inconsistencies in government policies towards popular religion, the importance of the annual pilgrimage to the Dragon Mother for the regional economy and government revenue, and the development of the modern means of transportation. The concluding part examines the importance of this case study in rethinking the issue of rural-urban divide in Republican China.
Renal cell carcinoma with atypical omental metastasis: A case report and literature review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults, with common metastatic sites including the lungs, bones, liver, and brain. Omental metastasis is exceedingly rare and usually occurs postoperatively. Fumarate hydratase‐deficient (FH‐deficient) RCC, a recently classified and highly aggressive subtype of RCC, is known to show early metastatic potential but remains poorly understood. We present a rare case of synchronous FH‐deficient RCC with isolated omental metastasis identified at diagnosis. Case Presentation We report the case of a 48‐year‐old man who first presented with abdominal pain, early satiety, and a 25‐pound weight loss. Imaging revealed an 11.8 cm right renal mass with a separate 15.4 cm left upper quadrant mesenteric mass with no definitive evidence of lung, bone, or liver involvement. Biopsies of both renal and mesenteric masses confirmed non‐clear‐cell FH‐deficient RCC with papillary architecture and diffuse overexpression of 2‐succinyl cysteine. Conclusion Omental metastasis of RCC is rare, especially in the absence of prior surgery. This case is distinguished by its synchronous presentation of the primary RCC and omental metastasis with a rare histologic subtype. Unlike most documented reports of RCC with omental spread, which typically involve clear cell histology and often present years after nephrectomy, this case involves a rare, aggressive subtype with atypical metastatic behavior. This case underscores the importance of considering atypical metastatic patterns in non‐clear‐cell subtypes and the need for further research to inform evidence‐based therapy.
Calculation of ice depolarization on satellite radio paths

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, theoretical methods are presented for calculating the depolarization of ice clouds. Rayleigh scattering from single particles is used. A general theory is introduced that includes distributions of ice particle shapes and orientation angles for both single and multiple scattering. It is shown that the more accurate multiple scattering formulation yields cross‐polar discrimination values significantly worse than those for single scattering over the 10‐ to 30‐GHz band for high ice content. Comparisons are made to measurements using the SIRIO satellite.
Analysis and Comparison of ADR Reports in Our Hospital between 2011 and 2012

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE:To compare and analyze the characteristics and the distinction of ADR occurred in our hospital during 2011-2012,and to provide reference for clinical drug use and reduce the occurrence of ADR. METHODS:634 cases of ADR reports collected from our hospital during 2011-2012 were sreened,compared and analyzed statistically by Microsoft Excel in respect of drug categories,route of administration,ADR level,patients’gender and age in ADR. RESULTS:ADR were mainly caused by antibiotics and TCM preparation in recent 2 years;the percentages of new ADR was reduced significantly;the percentage of young patients was increased significantly,and that of old patients was decreased significantly. The main clinical manifestation represented as lesion of skin and its appendants and digestive system. CONCLUSIONS:Clinicians should pay attention to and strengthen the ADR monitoring and rational drug use,especially for antibiotics and TCM preparations.
Pharmacologic Prehabilitation—What About “the Polypill”?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

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On Section of the Tendo Achillis in Some Cases of Fracture of the Bones of the Leg

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

THE subcutaneous division of tendons for the removal of difficulties which sometimes occur in the treatment of frac- tures, especially of the bones of the leg, is an operation which has not met with much attention in this country, though in some cases it appears to have been successfully put in practice on the Continent.In Germany, M. Dieffenbachl is reported to have often had recourse to the division of the ligament of the patella or of the quadriceps muscle in cases of ununited fracture, or fracture with wide separation of the broken portions of the patella; and to the division of the triceps brachii in fracture of the olecranon under similar circumstances.The condi- tions which would render such operations justifiable, must be extremely rare.In France, the operation to which the cases in this paper refer was first performed by M. Meynier.2A severe fracture of the tibia and fibula had been followed by violent spasm in the muscles of the leg, suppuration had taken place, and portions of the tibialis anticus, extensor communis digitorum, and extensor proprius pollicis had been destroyed.The ends of the bones were exposed and protrud- ing, and the inferior portions were drawn behind, and formed an angle with the upper, owing to the continued spasm of the