jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Barthea barthei (Melastomataceae), a shrub endemic to southern China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The plant genus Barthea is monotypic, comprising of only a single species (Barthea barthei), and is endemic to southern China. In this study, we report the complete chloroplast genome of B. barthei, assembled from whole-genome high-throughput sequencing data, as a resource for future studies on the taxonomy and evolution of Barthea. The chloroplast genome was 155,951 bp in length, with a large single-copy (LSC) region of 85,882 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 16,445 bp, separated by two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 26,812 bp each. It was predicted to contain a total of 130 genes, with an overall GC content of 36.99%. Phylogenetic analysis placed B. barthei closest to Opisthocentra sp. in Melastomataceae.
On the Provincialism Characters in the Ming Opera Scripts of Southern Min Dialects

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Ming opera scripts of southern Min dialect such as Lijingji 荔 镜 记 and Mantianchun 满 天 春 are colloquial literatures in which provincialism characters are inevitably found. When it's hard to find the origin of a provincialism character, people usually borrow another character or just coin a new one. Also,the scripts seek the goal of correct pronunciation but not standard character which makes the provincialism characters richer and more complex. The paper divides provincialism characters in the Ming opera scripts of southern Min dialects into 9 types and describes them as inheritable,phonographic,convenience and casual. The typical provincialism characters is one of the important evidences for the classification of dialects.
Clay Mineral Analysis of Sediments in the Changjiang Delta Plain and Its Application to the Late Quaternary Variations of Sea Level and Sediment Provenance

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Clay mineral analysis was conducted on the fine-grained sediments of a 20-meter core of Late Quaternary deposit in the south-central portion of the modern Changjiang delta plain to understand and characterize paleoenvironmental depositional conditions. Four clay mineral suites (Zones I to IV) were recognized in the core. The lowest level (Zone I, Late Pleistocene) of kaolinite (48%) and illite (45%) is representative of a pedogenic formation of alluvial environment. The next upper suite (Zone II, Early Holocene) of kaolinite (44%) and chlorite (22%) is related to an erosional coastal environment associated with an encroaching sea level. The suite (Zone III, Early to mid-Holocene) overlying Zone II incorporates the addition of smectite (6%), the abundance of which is closely linked to the topographic change and the relative sea level fluctuation in the study area. The uppermost suite (Zone IV, Late Holocene) of illite (53%) and smectite (7%) accumulated during the period of major deltaic progradation and presents a change of sediment source from the more local western highlands to the regional Changjiang River basin. Significant variations in the clay mineral signatures support concepts of morphologic change from a subaerially exposed area to the present depression-centered southern Changjiang delta plain during the Holocene as the delta margin was affected by sea level rise and sediment supply and source.
Spanish 21th Century Narrative: an Expanding Galaxy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay is a synchronic exploration of peninsular literature in Spanish, and its main aim is to draw a map – within the inescapable boundaries imposed by strict immediacy – of tendencies, developments, filiations, thematic patterns and socio-political contaminations that may characterise it. Starting from a negotiated definition of ‘the aughts’ as a referential frame for this reflection, the argumentation translates into an analysis of ultra-contemporary Spanish novel as a mutant and polymorphous phenomenon, on the edge (or past it, according to those who claim it has already died) of the expiration of novela social , the acrobatic statements of afterpop , the intra- and extra-literary claims of postmemory, the permeability towards the worldwide diffusion of brevity and auto-fiction, the conflict between local hyper-specificity and panhispanic pangea.
Targeted inhibition of the FGF19‐FGFR4 pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma; translational safety considerations

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) is a leading cause of cancer‐related death and new therapies are urgently required to treat this disease. Recent data suggest that the FGF 19‐ FGFR 4 axis may be a key driver in certain forms of HCC , making the pathway an interesting, emerging molecular target for potential therapeutic intervention. A complication is that, outside of malignant disease, FGFR 4 plays an important physiological role in the regulation of hepatic bile acid ( BA ) synthesis. FGF 19 signalling via FGFR 4 suppresses de novo BA production in the liver, tightly maintaining hepatic and systemic levels of these detergent‐like molecules at a physiological threshold and preventing pathological complications of raised BA levels, such as cholestatic liver injury and bile acid diarrhoea. In some cases of HCC , the malignant disease causes bile duct obstruction, preventing BA secretion from the liver and resulting in cholestasis. Here, the role of FGFR 4 signalling in both HCC and BA homoeostasis is discussed. The potential effects of therapeutic FGF 19‐ FGFR 4 inhibition on human hepatobiliary/gastrointestinal physiology are considered along with the potential safety implications of FGF 19‐ FGFR 4 blockade in patients with HCC .
Space and Time Resolved Detection of Platelet Activation and von Willebrand Factor Conformational Changes in Deep Suspensions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Tracking cells and proteins’ phenotypic changes in deep suspensions is critical for the direct imaging of blood-related phenomena in in vitro replica of cardiovascular systems and blood-handling devices. This paper introduces fluorescence imaging techniques for space and time resolved detection of platelet activation, von Willebrand factor (VWF) conformational changes, and VWF-platelet interaction in deep suspensions. Labeled VWF, platelets, and VWF-platelet strands are suspended in deep cuvettes, illuminated, and imaged with a high-sensitivity EM-CCD camera, allowing detection using an exposure time of 1 ms. In-house postprocessing algorithms identify and track the moving signals. Recombinant VWF-eGFP (rVWF-eGFP) and VWF labeled with an FITC-conjugated polyclonal antibody are employed. Anti-P-Selectin FITC-conjugated antibodies and the calcium-sensitive probe Indo-1 are used to detect activated platelets. A positive correlation between the mean number of platelets detected per image and the percentage of activated platelets determined through flow cytometry is obtained, validating the technique. An increase in the number of rVWF-eGFP signals upon exposure to shear stress demonstrates the technique’s ability to detect breakup of self-aggregates. VWF globular and unfolded conformations and self-aggregation are also observed. The ability to track the size and shape of VWF-platelet strands in space and time provides means to detect pro- and antithrombotic processes.
The functioning the global stock exchanges in the face of the global financial recession

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

After a stock market boom period between 2003 and 2007, falls caused by a world-wide pecuniary recession occurred on global markets. This article outlines the issue of the influence of the described crisis on the functioning of the oldest and biggest stock exchanges. Analytical attention was drawn to the changes of the basic activity indicators of stock exchanges in New York, London, Tokyo and Frankfurt on Main. The empirical data analysis made it possible to define the dynamics and dispersion of the changes.
SimCollege: A Digital Game for Promoting the Ethical Framework of the Edu-Metaverse

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Education is considered one of the metaverse's main application scenarios. Education based on the metaverse will greatly reduce the cost of education, realize equity of education, and promote the advantages of personalized education. However, with the construction of the Edu-Metaverse, ethical issues emerge one after another. Concerns include that players will gradually have a biased understanding of the social structure and dual roleplaying in interpersonal relationships; indulge in self-intoxication and ignore self-responsibility; and/or be indifferent to life and blindly worship power and money; a separate concern is the inadequate laws and regulations. This article summarizes the commonalities between the Edu-Metaverse and game design ethics, focusing on game ethics. A digital game, "SimCollege", was designed that promotes the ethical framework of the Edu-Metaverse, and a questionnaire was administered to learn what a group of teachers and students considered the most relevant aspects of maintaining Edu-Metaverse ethics.
Role of polymer chain end groups in plasma modification for surface metallization of polymeric materials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract How to improve adhesion between poly(oxybenzoate‐ co ‐oxynaphthoate) (Vecstar OC and FA films) and copper metal by Ar, O 2 , N 2 and NH 3 plasma modification was investigated. The mechanism of adhesion improvement is discussed from the viewpoint of chemical and physical interactions at the interface between the Vecstar film and copper metal layer. The adhesion between Vecstar OC film and copper metal was improved by chemical rather than physical interactions. Polymer chain end groups that occur at Vecstar OC film surfaces contribute effectively to adhesion. This improvement in adhesion is due to interactions between copper metal and OC groups formed by plasma modification. Aggregation of the OC groups to the copper metal/Vecstar OC film interface is a key factor for good adhesion. From this aspect, heat treatment of plasma‐modified Vecstar OC films on glass plates is effective in the aggregation, and the peel strength for the copper metal/Vecstar OC film system reached 1.21 N (5 mm) −1 . Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Metagenomics-Guided Discovery of Potential Bacterial Metallothionein Genes from the Soil Microbiome That Confer Cu and/or Cd Resistance

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The metagenomics-guided procedure developed here bypasses the difficulties encountered in classic PCR-based approaches and led to the discovery of novel MT genes, which may be useful in developing bioremediation tools. The procedure used here expands our knowledge on the diversity of bacterial MTs in the environment and may also be applicable to identify other functional genes from eDNA.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A FATIGUE COUNTERMEASURE TRAINING PROGRAM FOR SHIFTWORKERS

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Due to increasing 24-hour a day operations, a growing population of employees work non-traditional hours. Often associated with extended work periods, variable work schedules, and extensive night work, these schedules conflict with the body's natural mechanisms for managing sleep and alertness, and often result in fatigue. The strategic management of fatigue is necessary for the health, well-being, and safety of workers, and fatigue educational programs may be pivotal. This study develops and evaluates the effectiveness of fatigue countermeasure training for shiftworkers using an integrated taxonomy of learning outcomes, as well as alternative evaluation methods to improve confidence in conclusions. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of thoroughly developed fatigue countermeasure training on affective, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes, and leading to greater use of fatigue management strategies and less fatigue overall.
Complete dentures fixed on dental implants: chewing patterns and implant stress.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Electrognathographic measurements on 18 patients with implant-attached mandibular complete dentures showed larger and more stable chewing patterns compared to their former dentures without implants. Strain gauge measurements revealed mechanical stress acting on the implants even during the fixation of the bar. In addition to simulating the periodontal ligament, the intramobile element (IME) of the IMZ system compensated minor, clinically undetectable mismatches inherent with technical procedures (casting, soldering). Although the implants are loaded with tensile and compressive stress, tensile stress dominated during the chewing process. The implants were also loaded during swallowing. This load reached half of the value of the chewing loads.
A Girth Designed to Avoid Peak Pressure Locations Increases Limb Protraction and Flexion During Flight

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Introduction Girths are frequently blamed for veterinary and performance problems, but research into girth/horse interaction is sparse. Aims To 1) determine location of peak pressure under a range of girths; 2) compare horse gait between horse's standard girth and a girth designed to avoid detected peak pressure locations. Methods Part 1: Following validation procedures, a calibrated pressure mat placed under the girth of 10 horses was used to determine location of peak pressures. Based on these results, a girth was designed to avoid locations of peak pressure (Girth A). Part 2: Twenty elite horses/riders were included for study based on selection for British Equestrian Federation (BEF) World Class Programme Performance Squad, with no lameness or performance problem. Horses were ridden in Girth A and their standard girth (Girth S) in a crossover design, with riders blinded to girth type. Pressure mat data was acquired from under the girths. High‐speed video was captured in trot, using standard anatomical marker placement. Forelimb and hindlimb protraction, maximal carpal and tarsal flexion during flight were determined. Good repeatability was confirmed. Results In standard girths, peak pressures were located over musculature behind elbow. Pressure mat results revealed maximum forces with Girth S were 22% (left) and 14% (right) greater than Girth A, and peak pressures were 76% (left) and 98% (right) greater (P<0.01 for all). On gait evaluation, girth A was associated with 6–11% greater forelimb protraction, 10–20% greater hindlimb protraction, 4% greater carpal flexion, and 3% greater tarsal flexion than Girth S (P<0.01 for all). Conclusions and practical significance Peak pressures were located where horses are reported to develop pressure sores. Girth A reduced peak pressures under the girth, and improved limb protraction and carpal/tarsal flexion, which may reflect improved posture and comfort. Ethical animal research This study involved informed consent of the riders/owners of horses used in the study. Sources of funding: UK Sport lottery funding for the BEF World Class Programme, Fairfax Saddles. Competing interests: Vanessa Fairfax is employed by Fairfax Saddles.
Data from Synergistic Anticancer Activity of Arsenic Trioxide with Erlotinib Is Based on Inhibition of EGFR-Mediated DNA Double-Strand Break Repair

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Arsenic trioxide (ATO), one of the oldest remedies used in traditional medicine, was recently rediscovered as an anticancer drug and approved for treatment of relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia. However, its activity against nonhematologic cancers is rather limited so far. Here, we show that inhibition of ATO-mediated EGF receptor (EGFR) activation can be used to potently sensitize diverse solid cancer types against ATO. Thus, combination of ATO and the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib exerted synergistic activity against multiple cancer cell lines. Subsequent analyses revealed that this effect was based on the blockade of ATO-induced EGFR phosphorylation leading to more pronounced G<sub>2</sub>–M arrest as well as enhanced and more rapid induction of apoptosis. Comparable ATO-sensitizing effects were also found with PI3K/AKT and mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal–regulated kinase (MEK) inhibitors, suggesting an essential role of the EGFR-mediated downstream signaling pathway in cancer cell protection against ATO. H2AX staining and comet assay revealed that erlotinib significantly increases ATO-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) well in accordance with a role of the EGFR signaling axis in DNA damage repair. Indeed, EGFR inhibition led to downregulation of several DNA DSB repair proteins such as Rad51 and Rad50 as well as reduced phosphorylation of BRCA1. Finally, the combination treatment of ATO and erlotinib was also distinctly superior to both monotreatments against the notoriously therapy-resistant human A549 lung cancer and the orthotopic p31 mesothelioma xenograft model <i>in vivo</i>. In conclusion, this study suggests that combination of ATO and EGFR inhibitors is a promising therapeutic strategy against various solid tumors harboring wild-type EGFR. <i>Mol Cancer Ther; 12(6); 1073–84. ©2013 AACR</i>.</p></div>
A giant right atrial myxoma—The growth rate and multi‐modality imaging

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract A young and healthy woman presented with progressive dyspnea on exertion. An echocardiogram showed a giant right atrial mass. Cardiac CT angiography provided the most accurate estimate for the tumor size, while 2‐D echo, 2‐D, and 3‐D trans‐esophageal echo underestimated the dimensions of the cardiac tumor when referenced by the surgical specimen. We also calculated the growth rate of the right atrial myxoma to be at least 1.2 mm per month based on a normal chest CT 54 months before her presentation. Surgical pathology confirmed typical features of cardiac myxoma in the right atrium.
Three‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography for evaluating myocardial motion in patients with cardiorenal syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Because of better awareness and understanding of its pathophysiology, the cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is more often diagnosed and better managed. The echocardiographic evaluation of CRS now benefits from three‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (3D‐STE), which allows multidimensional and real‐time evaluation of regional myocardial and overall cardiac function, and helps assessing the degree of myocardial damage. This article describes the application of 3D‐STE in evaluating the myocardial motion in patients with CRS.
Airway inhomogeneities contribute to apparent lung tissue mechanics during constriction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Recent studies have suggested that part of the measured increase in lung tissue resistance after bronchoconstriction is an artifact due to increased airway inhomogeneities. To resolve this issue, we measured lung impedance (ZL) in seven open-chest rats with the lungs equilibrated on room air and then on a mixture of neon and oxygen (NeOx). The rats were placed in a body box with the tracheal tube leading through the box wall. A broadband flow signal was delivered to the box. The signal contained seven oscillation frequencies in the 0.234- to 12.07-Hz range, which were combined to produce tidal ventilation. The ZL was measured before and after bronchoconstriction caused by infusion of methacholine (MCh). Partitioning of airway and tissue properties was achieved by fitting ZL with a model including airway resistance (Raw), airway inertance, tissue damping (G), and tissue elastance (H). We hypothesized that if the inhomogeneities were not significant, the apparent tissue properties would be independent of the resident gas, whereas Raw would scale as the ratio of viscosities. Indeed, during control conditions, the NeOx-to-air ratios for G and H were both 1.03 +/- 0.04. Also, there was a small increase in lung elastance (EL) between 0.234 and 4 Hz that was similar on air and NeOx. During MCh infusion, Raw and G increased markedly (45-65%), but the increase in H was relatively small ( < 13%). The NeOx-to-air Raw and H ratios remained the same. However, the NeOx-to-air G ratio increased to 1.19 +/- 0.07 (P < 0.01) and the increase in EL with frequency was now marked and dependent on the resident gas. These results provide direct evidence that for a healthy rat lung airway inhomogeneities do not significantly influence the lung resistance or EL vs. frequency data. However, during MCh-induced constriction, a large portion of the increase in tissue resistance and the altered frequency dependence of EL are virtual and a consequence of the augmented airway inhomogeneities.
SPK REKRUTMEN MENGGUNAKAN METODE SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHTING BERBASIS WEBSITE

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Employees are one of the most important elements in a company. So companies must be more selective in hiring the employees, because progress in a company can also be determined by the attitude of the employees. When recruiting employees, it is likely for the company to make the wrong decision especially when there are a lot of applicants.Therefore, a decision support system was created to provide better recommendations in recruitment process. The system uses Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method which is one of the Fuzzy Multiple Attribute Decision Making Methods. The data used in this system is a combination between real data from PT. Jasa Cepat Internasional and dummy data.The application of the Simple Additive Weighting method is able to provide the recommendation results from predetermined criteria. The level of accuracy using Simple Additive Weighting method is also very accurate at 100%.
Measurement and evaluation of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure risk

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Low-frequency electromagnetic fields and their effects on occupational workers are studied briefly in research and publications. With beliefs that low frequencies are being indirectly linked to human health, extensive tests were done. In this project, we will measure and study the influence of low-frequency magnetic fields in general and occupational environments. The tests involve the use of guidelines from ICNRIP and measurement methods from international bodies. Our experiments show the necessity of understanding electromagnetic fields not only in devices but also on the power supply and cables. Our statistics and results contribute to evaluation of influence levels on human health. The evaluation is useful for design and findings of solutions in the future.