jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analysis on characteristic constituents of crude Aconitum carmichaelii in different regions based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

As a representative variety of hypertoxic herbs, aconite has a very high medicinal value but certain security risks. With the advance of urbanization and industrial transfer and upgrading, traditional geo-authentic regions and emerging regions have gradually coexisted. However, there are significant differences in the geographical distribution, ecological environment and growing cycle in these areas, which may cause intraspecific variations in chemical components, and then affect herb quality and clinical efficacy. Furthermore, there was still lack of in-depth study on characteristic constituents of aconite genuineness. In this paper, an UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was used to investigate the chemical ingredients in Jiangyou aconite, Hanzhong aconite, Butuo aconite and Weishan aconite. The results suggested that using unsupervised PCA method, Jiangyou aconite was similar with Hanzhong aconite in chemical ingredients, but significantly different from ones in emerging regions. Using PLS-DA method, seven characteristic constituents were identified, in which Butuo aconite and Weishan aconite had higher contents of mesaconitine and fuziline, while Jiangyou aconite and Hanzhong aconite had higher contents of hypaconitine, neoline, carmichaeline, and songorine. Based on basic toxicity of each ingredient, we can find that hypaconitine and mesaconitine were the key toxicity factors to distinguish Jiangyou aconite, Butuo aconite, and Weishan aconite. The toxicity of geo-authentic Jiangyou aconite was lower than that of Butuo aconite and Weishan aconite. The lower toxicity in geo-authentic Jiangyou aconite was beneficial for ensuring clinical drug safety, which may be one of the important reasons for the formation of genuine aconite. These results provide new reference data to reveal the formation mechanism of genuine aconite from the perspective of plant secondary metabolite diversity.
Sputum microbiome richness is decreased in patients treated for acute exacerbations of eosinophilic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The eosinophilic COPD is more sensitive to corticosteroid. The sputum microbiome has been shown to affect COPD prognosis, but its role in acute exacerbations of eosinophilic COPD is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes of the airway microbiome in patients with acute exacerbations of eosinophilic COPD. Methods: Patients of acute exacerbations of COPD were divided into two groups. Eosinophils ≥300 cells/μl in the peripheral venous blood were assigned to the eosinophilic group (Eos) and the rest to the noneosinophilic group (Noneos). All patients received similar treatment including inhaled budesonide according to the guidelines. The induced sputum microbiome was analyzed on the 1st and 7th day of treatment using the 16S ribosomal RNA method. The levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were measured in the plasma and the sensitivity to corticosteroids was determined in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Results: Prior to treatment, the alpha diversity (P = 0.747) and the structure of the sputum microbiome were similar in the Eos group and the Noneos group. After 7 days of treatment, alpha diversity increased in both groups, while the microbiome richness was significantly lower in the Eos group (P = 0.002). At the same time, IL-6 and IL-8 decreased more significantly in the Eos group, and the IL-8 inhibition ratios at dexamethasone concentrations 10-8~10-6 mol/L were also significantly higher in the Eos group than the Noneos group (P <0.05). Conclusions: The induced sputum microbiome richness decreased more significantly following treatment in the Eos patients compared to the Noneos patients.
Accelerated High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Ferritic Stainless Steel under Air/H2+H2O Dual Atmosphere

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Improvement in durability is one of the important subjects for utilizing solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC) systems widely. In SOEC stacks, separators are exposed to complexed dual atmosphere (i.e. hydrogen - steam mixed gases and oxygen rich air are on each side). In this study, the degradation phenomena of separator materials (SUS430, ZMG232G10, Crofer22APU) in SOEC dual atmosphere were investigated. The samples were exposed in SOEC dual and simple atmospheres at 700 °C for 500 h. Then, their cross sections were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The degradation mechanisms of the separator materials in the SOEC stack operating conditions were discussed. ZMG232G10 and Crofer22APU with high Cr content showed thin oxide layer under both the dual or single atmosphere, while SUS430 with low Cr content showed significant oxidation in the H2-steam atmosphere and on the air side under the dual atmosphere condition. The significant oxidation on the air side of the dual atmosphere of SUS430 observed in this study is a unique phenomenon under the dual atmosphere condition and not observed in a single air atmosphere.
Poškození neuronů, hematoencefalické bariéry a následné imunitní reakce během ischemické cévní mozkové příhody po aplikaci endotelinu -1

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Work objectives: The aim of this diploma work was taking up with microscopic identification metods of particular cell types of CNS, detection of blood-brain-barrier permeability and "dying" neurons. We are interested how the cellulate elements - neurons and astrocyte - are affected by cerebral ischemia and if the permeability of the blood-brain barrier is disrupted. Methodology: Experiments were performed in Wistar rats on postnatal day 12 or 25 (17 together). Cannula for vasoconstrictor Endothelin-1 infusion was inserted into left hemisphere to induce focal cerebral ischemia. Animals were let to live for 24 hours and then all rats were deeply anesthetized with urethane injection. The brains were sectioned in the coronal plane 50m thick. Adjacent series of sections were processed for Fluoro- Jade B to detect degenerating neurons, blood-brain barrier disruption was investigated using Evans Blue dye. Immunohistochemical labeling was used for IgG and visualization of hypertrofic astrocytes by GFAP. Common observation of brain was preformed under upride microscope with fluorescence. Results: Our findings demonstrate that focal cerebral ischemia generates induced by ET-1 into cerebral tissue damage. Degenerating neurons were observed in affected areas. Blood-brain barrier is disturbed in the same area as...
DOUBLE-DEPTH SAMPLING FOR ALFALFA SNOUT BEETLE LARVAE, OTIORHYNCHUS LIGUSTICI (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract In the density sampling of Otiorhynchus ligustici (L.) in the soil, double-depth sampling provided equally precise estimates at lower total costs than conventional sampling in which all sampling units are processed to the same depth. In five test plots, double-depth sampling with 30 cm first sample depths and 60 cm second depths appeared the most efficient for estimating the number of O. ligustici larvae per 30 cm. These samplings average 72% of the total cost of conventional single-depth sampling.
Synergistic Effect of Ni Extraction and Its Application for Waste Solution in Ni Non-electric Plating

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Waste solution from the Ni non-electric plating process contains 4.0kg/㎥ Ni (II), 0.1kg/㎥ Fe (III), 0.01kg/㎥ Zn (II), 48kg/㎥ SO₄²⁻, 98kg/㎥ HP0₃²⁻ and 31kg/㎥ lactic acid as a typical composition. Solvent extraction, cementation, ion exchange resin and precipitation methods may be used for the treatment of this kind of solution. In this study, solvent extraction of Ni (II) is investigated using two kinds of extractant in order to clarify the relation between extraction percent age and pH for various extractant mixtures. As Ni ions have an octahedral structure with ligands, the synergistic effect for Ni extraction may be effected by using two types of extractants.
Discussion on cost accounting of Baogang's products with "Activity - Based Costing methd"

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The bewildering phenomenon in management' s decision making referring the cost is pointed out and the kind of finance cost information needed in management' s decision making is analyzed. Suitability of the information provided by the traditional cost accounting method currently used by Baogang is doubted and, compared with the traditional one, the advantages of Activity - Basell Costing Methd are put forward and prospect of using the method in Baogang is studied in the paper.
PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF INFRARED THERMAL IMAGING

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays, due to the increasing spread of the coronavirus which effects the human temperature, there is a need for a framework useful for identifying temperature without any interaction with the human body. To measure the temperature in the human body in a noncontact way, infrared imaging technology can be used for the measurement of the body temperature quickly and effectively. The thermal imaging is a noncontact way of measuring the temperature which uses infrared radiation as a temperature-dependent parameter. Using thermal imaging, humans and other homothetic animals become visible even in day or night, so it is helpful for the military applications as well. A review of the other various applications of the infrared thermal imaging and the fundamentals of thermal imaging has been discussed in this paper. The further useful application of thermal cameras for COVID-19 is also analyzed.
Hand Washing Let’s Clean Together, Hand Washing Movement With Soap With SDIT Rabbani Tolitoli Students

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Clean and healthy behavior is an effort made to improve the degree of public health. One of the clean and healthy behavior is to get used to washing hands with soap. Various activities carried out, not apart from the role of the hands such as making physical contact, touching eyes, nose, and mouth, holding objects around, including contact with animals are the source of various types of germs that cause disease. Washing hands with soap is one of the effective steps in preventing the transmission of disease. However, washing hands with soap the often ignored by the community, including children in the school environment. The targets of these activities are students of Sekolah Dasar Islam Terpadu (SDIT) Rabbani Tolitoli. The method in this activity is in the form of counseling hand washing with soap, watching animated videos about disease prevention, practicing firsthand how to wash hands using soap as recommended by WHO, and distributing hand washing soap as a gift so that school-age children are motivated to get used to washing hands with soap. Before this activity, SDIT Rabbani students have not received proper education on how to wash their hands, so the activities carried out can be realized and succeeded because all students can practice washing hands with soap properly and correctly. This activity received positive responses from the school principal, teachers and students of SDIT Rabbani Tolitoli.
INFLUENCE OF CLEANSING PRODUCT TYPE ON SEVERAL SKIN PARAMETERS AFTER SINGLE USE

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

With the increasing use of skin cleansing products, the awareness of productsinduced skin irritation, itching, dry skin and other potential effects has also increased. In this paper we studied the influence of some skin cleansers on skin properties that may be influenced by their use: skin surface pH, stratum corneum water content and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Six commercially available skin cleansers were used in this study: a soap bar, a superfatted soap bar, a transparent soap bar, a combar, a superfatted solid syndet and a liquid syndet. Each product was tested on 20 healthy volunteers, without clinical signs of dermatological or allergic diseases. Tap water was used for hand washing, and the washing time was in all cases 1 minute. Skin measurements, skin pH, skin surface hydration or hydration of stratum corneum and transepidermal water loss were performed before skin washing at several time intervals after washing. All studied parameters were influenced by the products, but in different ways and with different intensities. The parameter which was most influenced by the test products was the pH value. All products had a drying effect on stratum corneum, depending on the product composition. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurements showed very small differences between measurements performed before hand washing and those performed after washing. The changes of skin parameters after the single use of cleansing products are reversible and in the case of a healthy skin they return to normal values in about 90 minutes after washing. Rezumat
An Exercise in Archaeology: Researching the Silent Film Transposition of Wuthering Heights

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The silent film Wuthering Heights (dir. A.V. Bramble, 1920) was the first ever transposition of Emily Brontë’s novel. It was produced as part of the effort of British film production companies to recover the audiences lost during the First World War. I describe how I approached my research of this version from an archaeological perspective, as no known copies of the film remain in existence. I relied on materials such as still photos and press reviews from the period to reconstruct the transposition. Then, the resurfacing of the film’s original script in 2015 compelled me to re-evaluate my initial conclusions in consideration of this new information.
Joint Channel Estimation and Phase Noise Suppression for OFDM Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The joint channel estimation and phase noise \nsuppression scheme for orthogonal frequency-division \nmultiplexing (OFDM) systems is proposed for a case where \nchannel estimation is needed symbol by symbol. In the proposed \nscheme, channel estimation and phase noise suppression are \nperformed iteratively via the expectation-maximization (EM) \nalgorithm. The proposed algorithm mitigates the performance \ndegradation due to phase noise effectively while providing the \naccurate channel estimate with comparatively few pilot \nsubcarriers so that the spectral efficiency of an OFDM system is \nimproved.
Counterparty credit risk under credit risk contagion using time-homogeneous phase-type distribution

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

With the current situation of credit spread contagion illustrated by the European sovereign bonds crisis and the chain reaction triggered by the derivatives books of Lehman Brothers, financial institutions have increasingly focused on pricing and risk management of counterparty credit risk. Recent credit contagion through financial contingent claims highlight the fact that contagion links impact the value of products when investors are exposed to counterparty risk. This thesis plan to build on reduced-form credit risk models to assess the credit risk contagion that is inherent in a obligor multivariate framework. The aim is to evaluate the requirements that are necessary in generating a mathematical framework consistent with the valuation of financial claims, credit and non-credit related, where the parties of those claims exhibit credit risk contagion. By applying a multivariate framework of credit contagion to counterparty credit risk based on a queueing theory, called phase-type distribution, we hope to highlight the benefit of bottom-up models versus top-down ones in terms of extracting information relative to dependence within an identi able obligor set. We will review the mathematical literature in addressing credit dependence modelling in dynamic and static format. This will be the opportunity to value a set of claims under our model to show that claims that contain "credit leverage" are particularly sensible to credit risk contagion and could benefit from our developed framework to gain adequate counterparty credit risk pricing.
Integrating Scanners into Color Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In many color systems, all hope of controlled results vanishes at the scanner. It may be surprising to realize that there is still no one, universally accepted, method for designing a practical scanner's spectral sensitivities and related calibration method to provide colorimetrically accurate outputs for a device-independent result. Indeed, even the correct number of separate color channels to use in a practical scanner is an open question. At least 3 channels are needed for full-color, more are usually agreed to be a help. The various approaches are reviewed.
Select Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors in Colon Tumor Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Exisulind, and later generation drugs including CP461, are members of a group of new anticancer compounds known as Selective Apoptotic Antineoplastic Drugs (SAANDs). These drugs act by selectively inducing apoptosis in precancerous and cancerous tissues. Exisulind is a metabolite of sulindac, a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID). Although initially developed to prevent colon cancer, exisulind and CP461 are currently being tested in clinical trials as chemotherapeutics against many types of cancer, including breast, colon, lung, prostate, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and renal cell carcinoma. SAANDs were screened as cyclic 5′ guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors with a preference for the PDE5 gene family. Published data have shown that in a colon cancer model, these drugs increase cGMP levels, activate cGMP-dependent protein kinase G (PKG) to stimulate the Jun kinase (JNK) regulatory cascade, and cause a decrease in accumulated nuclear and cytosolic β-catenin followed by reduced cyclin D1 transcription.
Regulation of Epstein-Barr virus gene expression via CRISPR-mediated targeting of DNA methylation enzymes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can establish an oncogenic presence in cells to cause transformation. Globally, EBV drives a number of human cancers, including Natural Killer/T cell Lymphoma (NKTL). NKTL is an aggressive malignancy thought to express a limited number of EBV proteins, namely EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) and latent membrane proteins (LMPs) 1 and 2. However, apart from these, NKTLs also express a wide range of EBV transcripts that do not appear to be translated. LMP1 transcript levels have been positively correlated whereas late lytic gene levels are negatively correlated with patient survival. The regulation of LMP1 and lytic gene expression is not fully understood. Therefore, in this study, the role of DNA methylation enzymes, DNMT1, DNMT3A and UHRF1, in regulating LMP1, BZLF1 and BRRF2 were clarified. Additionally, LMP1 was investigated for its regulation on these genes. Through gene editing and expression analyses, DNMT1, UHRF1, DNMT3A downregulate LMP1 expression. Intriguingly, while DNMT3A downregulated lytic genes, DNMT1 and UHRF1 upregulated BZLF1 and BRRF2, contrary to current understanding. Furthermore, LMP1 influences both latency and lytic gene expression. Thus, DNMT1, DNMT3A, UHRF1 and LMP1 could be potential targets in increasing immunogenicity in NKTL in order to enhance immune clearance of tumour mass.
Students and Teachers Perceptions of Physics Practical Work in Secondary Schools in Kakamega East Sub – County, Kenya

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the last ten years, the Kenya national examination council (KNEC) has reported unsatisfactory performance in the physics practical paper 232/3 despite the enthusiasm for practical work among the teachers of physics. In its recent annual report (KNEC, 2011), the national mean scores in practical papers for years 2007,2008,2009, 2010 and 2011 were 25.85, 23.92, 22.37,22.24, and 15.22 respectively. The figures listed above are a clear indication that practical work in physics is not yielding the much anticipated results. It is in view of this observation that the present study was initiated in Kakamega east Sub County to establish the reasons for the current trends in the use of practical work in the teaching and learning of physics. The purpose of this study was to assemble, organize, scrutinize, analyze and interpret the students and teachers perceptions of physics practical work. In this study, a sample of 100 students and 20 teachers of physics drawn from fifteen public secondary schools by simple random method were used. A questionnaire was used to collect the raw data for this study. A pilot study for this study was conducted in two public secondary schools to establish the reliability of the research tool. The reliability of the tool was calculated using cronbach’s alpha formula and found to be 0.73. The information collected in the study was presented by use of frequency tables and analysed using percentages. The findings of the study indicated that the majority of the students and teachers viewed practical work as a series of investigations that requires good organization and familiarizes students with apparatus and enables them to learn by doing. It is hoped that the findings of this study will go along way in informing teachers of physics and curriculum developers. The findings of this study will be used by curriculum developers to review the current curriculum and make the necessary changes in line with the best practices.
Effects of regulated dry season irrigation on tree water use, root zone moisture dynamics and yield of cacao in a rainforest zone of Nigeria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract A field trial was conducted to investigate the effects of regulated dry season irrigation on tree water use, root zone moisture dynamics and yield of cacao in a rainforest zone of Nigeria. Following cessation of rainfall in November, irrigation commenced from December 2017 to May 2018. Irrigation amount was computed based on cumulative class A Pan evaporation. Irrigation treatments were coded as IrT1, IrT2 and IrT3, consisting of water application using EPan *Pan coefficients (Kcp) of 1.0; 0.70 and 0.50 (9.6, 6.8 and 4.8 l/tree/day). Irrigation water applied at 5-days interval was discharged via point source emitters (2.8 l/h discharge rate ) on drip lines laterally installed per row of trees. Irrigation requirements were on the average, 4.49, 3.14 and 2.44 mm, total water applied per irrigation events were 1009.88, 706.92 and 504.94 mm per plot ( 225 m 2 ), total seasonal water applied were 33858, 23701 and 16929 mm, and soil moisture contents were 52, 45 and 28% for the respective IrT1, IrT2 and IrT3. Tree evapotranspiration (ETc) were 4.54, 3.19 and 2.32 mm/day while seasonal sums were 809, 566 and 404 mm while the ratio of ETc to EPan were 0.9, 0.69 and 0.53 for IrT1, IrT2 and IrT3. Tree water use efficiencies were 0.3 and 0.04 t/mm for Y/ETc and 0.16 to 0.19 kg/mm for Y/Irrigation respectively. Cacao pod and bean yields were 35.4, 22.1 and 10.3 t/ha and 2.29, 1.37 and 1.03 t/ha while yields decreased by 60 and 40% under IrT3 and IrT2 compared with IrT1. The study identified suitable Pan coefficients for scheduling irrigation during the dry season for cacao, full irrigation (EPan*1.0) applied at 9.6 l/tree/day will be needed to replenish soil water depletion to satisfy crop consumptive water use ( transpiration and soil evaporation components). The low pressure gravity-drip irrigation system alleviated climate stress during the dry season and improved cacao performance in a tropical rainforest environment.