jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An e-democracy experience

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper aims to identify the influence of institutional factors in implementing e-Democracy practices at the Digital Cabinet Office of Rio Grande do Sul State (Brazil). Institutional theory is used as the theoretical framework in this case study and supported the construction of the conceptual model based on some propositions. This is a research in progress and, therefore, just a few initial issues are pointed out. However, they show that the researchers must continue working in this case study in order to bring some contributions to e-Government theory.
PROFITABILITY OF UNDERGROUND CABLING IN THE FINNISH RURAL ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION IN THE FUTURE

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Tightening supply security requirements have induced a situation where a significant amount of the present overhead lines should be replaced by underground cables. This means a significant change in the annual amount of investments in both underground cabling and overhead lines. Thus, in principled way the amount of underground cable investments increases and amount of overhead line investments decreases. Former experiences of rural area cabling are minor, and thus the cabling process is not optimized that can be observed in the costs. Hence, there can be possibilities to cut the installation price of cabling. This paper presents a comparison of network renovation with future investment prices in medium-voltag e (10 kV or 20 kV) network in rural area conditions for underground cable and overhead line network. The study also takes into account operational and customer interruption costs peculiar to considered network types.
Instantaneous paleomagnetic record from the Miocene Kozagawa Dike of the Kumano Acidic Rocks, Kii Peninsula, Southwest Japan: cautionary note on tectonic interpretation

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We have conducted a paleomagnetic investigation of the K ozagawa D ike, which is part of the K umano A cidic R ocks that are the product of a M iddle M iocene volcano–plutonic complex cropping out on the K ii P eninsula of S outhwest J apan. The granite porphyry facies of the dike yields stable remanent magnetization components. Precisely determined site‐mean directions of characteristic components, as revealed by principal component analysis of stepwise alternating‐field and thermal demagnetization results, form a tight cluster. The overall mean direction exhibits an approximately 40° clockwise declination shift from the south and a steep negative inclination ( D = 217.3°, I = −59.8°, α 95 = 2.8°; 10 sites). Rock magnetic analyses suggest that magnetite is the main stable component carrier. The overall mean direction is interpreted to be a geologically instantaneous record of the paleomagnetic field that was acquired in a relatively short time interval relative to paleomagnetic secular variations. The mean direction in geographic ( in situ ) coordinates obtained for the K ozagawa D ike is distinct from previously published data for laccolithic granite porphyry intrusions of the K umano A cidic R ocks. This difference may result from a time lag during acquisition of remanent magnetization by the different units of the K umano A cidic R ocks. The southwest and up paleomagnetic direction has previously been interpreted as representing clockwise rotation of S outhwest J apan associated with back‐arc opening of the J apan S ea. However, we contend that these directions actually reflect the transient capture of an extraordinary paleomagnetic field at ca 14.3 Ma, such as a transitional or excursional state, and are not of tectonic origin.
Building a Sustainability Culture in a Faith-Based University in Ghana

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The study assessed the sustainability culture in a Faith-based institution. The quest to be competitive in a 21st century world of business merits that institutions adapts to innovative and creative ways to save cost, reduce waste and become more efficient. Institutional leaders have therefore realized the importance of implementing sustainability strategies as a cultural practice in their workplace. This study seeks to examine the various sustainability practices that have transformed the workplace at Private University in Ghana. This institution is chosen primarily to explore some of the sustainability initiatives that have become a routine aspect of the institution's culture. A qualitative research approach utilizing simple descriptive case study was employed. Fifteen participants were selected by means of purposive sampling. The study concluded that institutional capacity was instrumental in fostering a culture of sustainability.
Barter Fairs, Ethnic Configuration and National Multiculturalism in the Argentinean Andes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the Argentinean Andes, fairs constitute the main setting where lowland and highland Kolla peasants barter their agricultural production. In order to preserve these encounters – seen as traditional – in a context of peasants' growing participation in capitalist economy, public organizations invest money for boosting old fairs and instituting new ones. The author proposes to qualify these fairs as 'institutional', compared with the 'spontaneous' ones that come along with religious celebrations. Alluding to Bourdieu's concept of institutional rituals, this expression enlightens how such meetings assert social categories, whose boundaries are otherwise blurred. Drawing on an analysis of institutional fairs' social and symbolic performativity, the paper argues that rather than 'safeguarding ancestral customs', as claimed by the organizers, these specific festivals publically state the conditions for the ethnic group at play to be integrated within the nation state.
ADAR Mediated RNA Editing Modulates MicroRNA Targeting in Human Breast Cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

RNA editing by RNA specific adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) is increasingly being found to alter microRNA (miRNA) regulation. Editing of miRNA transcripts can affect their processing, as well as which messenger RNAs (mRNAs) they target. Further, editing of target mRNAs can also affect their complementarity to miRNAs. Notably, ADAR editing is often increased in malignancy with the effect of these RNA changes being largely unclear. In addition, numerous reports have now identified an array of miRNAs that directly contribute to various malignancies although the majority of their targets remain largely undefined. Here we propose that modulating the targets of miRNAs via mRNA editing is a frequent occurrence in cancer and an underappreciated participant in pathology. In order to more accurately characterize the relationship between these two regulatory processes, this study examined RNA editing events within mRNA sequences of two breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and determined whether or not these edits could modulate miRNA associations. Computational analyses of RNA-Seq data from these two cell lines identified over 50,000 recurrent editing sites within human mRNAs, and many of these were located in 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs). When these locations were screened against the list of currently-annotated miRNAs we discovered that editing caused a subset (~9%) to have significant alterations to mRNA complementarity. One miRNA in particular, miR-140-3p, is known to be misexpressed in many breast cancers, and we found that mRNA editing allowed this miRNA to directly target the apoptosis inducing gene DFFA in MCF-7, but not in MDA-MB-231 cells. As these two cell lines are known to have distinct characteristics in terms of morphology, invasiveness and physiological responses, we hypothesized that the differential RNA editing of DFFA in these two cell lines could contribute to their phenotypic differences. Indeed, we confirmed through western blotting that inhibiting miR-140-3p increases expression of the DFFA protein product in MCF-7, but not MDA-MB-231, and further that inhibition of miR-140-3p also increases cellular growth in MCF-7, but not MDA-MB-231. Broadly, these results suggest that the creation of miRNA targets may be an underappreciated function of ADAR and may help further elucidate the role of RNA editing in tumor pathogenicity.
[Enteropathy in premature newborn infants. Prospective study over one year].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This follow-up shows that the GI disturbances of preterm neonates admitted to a neonatal unit, specially those having one or more risk factors, can be separated into 3 groups: 1) isolated intestinal obstruction, seen in the most immature babies during the first week of life with the risk of developing NEC; 2) frank blood in the stool, indicating colitis and possibly minor forms of NEC; 3) combined obstructive and hemorrhagic symptoms, typical of NEC.
Structure of the Adenylcobamide Coenzyme: Degradation by Cyanide, Acid, and Light

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This paper describes the effects of cyanide ion, mild acid hydrolysis, and visible light on the adenylcobamide coenzyme, required for the conversion of glutamate to ,B-methylaspartate by cell-free extracts of Clostridium tetanomorphum.
Powerful Families of Myeongju(溟州) and Gulsan Temple(崛山寺) in the Later Three kingdoms Period

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

명주가 중앙의 역사 무대에 본격적으로 등장하기 시작하는 것은 8세기 후반 김주원이 명주에 퇴거해 살기 시작하면서부터이다. 또한 호족세력의 등장과 함께 굴산사를 중심으로 굴산선문이 크게 성장하였으며, 지금까지의 연구 결과에 의하면 김주원계의 지원 하에 굴산선문이 선종의 핵심도량으로 성장할 수 있었다고 본다.BR 그러나 명주의 호족 세력이나 굴산문의 선승 및 그 단월(시주 및 지원)세력들을 대부분 김주원계와 연결시키고 있는 종래의 견해는 문제가 있으며, 이는 신라 말 명주 일대가 김주원의 후손이 지배해 왔을 것이라는 인식이 너무 강하게 고착화 된 것에서 비롯된 것이라고 생각한다. 물론 김주원계의 영향력이 신라 말에도 여전히 지속되었을 것이라는 점은 추론이 가능하지만, 당시 상황에 비추어 보면 이 일대에서 활동하던 호족세력을 모두 김주원 후손과 연결시키는 것은 무리가 있BR다고 본다.BR 신라 말, 명주에는 김주원계 뿐만이 아니라 여러 부류의 호족집단이 존재하고 있었다. 그 중 왕순식은 본래 성이 없었는데 왕건에게 귀부한 뒤 왕씨가 되었다. 따라서 그는 김주원과도 무관하며 김씨도 아니다. 왕순식과 함께 태조에게 귀부한 왕경도 새롭게 성장한 토착호족이다. 한편 후삼국기에도 활동한 김주원계가 있었는데 왕예가 그 대표적인 인물로, 그 역시 고려 왕실과 혼인하면서 통일 이후 왕순식을 대신해서 명주의 대표적인 호족으로 성장하였다. 또 진골이나 6두품 출신으로 명주의 지방관으로 파견되었다가 지방 세력화된 경우도 있다. 범일을 굴산사로 초청한 金公이라든가, 범일의 조부인 명주도독 金述元이 대표적이라 할 수 있다. 즉 명주호족의 지배체제는 복수의 호족집단이 중층적인 지배구조를 가지고 있던 ‘호족연합 지배체제’였다고 할 수 있다. 명주의 호족연합체를 주도해간 지배세력은 시기에 따라 변하였는데, 후삼국 이전까지는 김주원계가 명주를 지배했을 것으로 보인다. 후삼국시대에 와서는 왕순식이 새로운 지배세력으로 등장하였으나, 고려 왕실의 견제를 받아 후삼국 통일이후에 급격하게 쇠퇴하였다. 대신 김주원계인 왕예라든가 순식의 휘하에 있던 왕경이 고려 왕실의 지원을 받으면서 새로운 지배 호족으로 다시 등장하였다. 그러나 이들도 고려 귀족 사회가 성립되면서 중앙의 지배질서에 편입되어 吏族化되었다.BR 신라 말 명주에는 범일이 굴산사에 주지하면서 굴산선문이 크게 성장하였다. 범일은 김주원계와는 상관이 없는 인물이었다. 그를 후원해준 세력도 김주원계라기 보다는 오히려 신라 왕실 및 명주에 내려온 진골출신 지방관의 지원을 받았던 것으로 보인다. 범일은 중앙의 권위를 통해 지방민에 대해 자신의 영향력을 강화할 수 있었고, 한편 신라 왕실에서도 그를 통하여 지방의 민심을 회유할 수 있었기 때문이었다. 즉 범일은 처음 중앙과 상호 호혜적인 관계를 맺으면서 굴산사를 크게 성장시킬 수 있었으나, 후삼국시대에 이르러 점차 신라 중앙정부와의 관계가 소원해지면서 굴산사의 영향력도 쇠퇴할 수 밖에 없었다. 그러나 제자인 개청이 명주 호족인 민규의 도움으로 보현사(지장선원)에 옮겨 주지하였고, 이어 명주의 대호족인 왕순식과 왕예 및 그 밖에 중소 호족들의 대대적인 후원을 받으면서 지속적으로 굴산선문을 크게 발전시켜 나갈 수 있었다.
SHIFTING WHITE IDENTITIES IN SOUTH AFRICA: WHITE AFRICANNESS AND THE STRUGGLE FOR RACIAL JUSTICE

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The end of apartheid predictably caused something of an identity crisis for white South Africans. The sense of uncertainty about what it means to be white has led to much public debate about whiteness in South Africa, as well as a growing body of literature on whites in post-apartheid South Africa. One of the many responses to this need to rethink white identity has been the claim by some that white South Africans can be considered to be African or ought to begin to think of themselves as being African. This paper argues that whitesâ€™ assertion of an African identity does not necessarily assist in the achievement of racial justice, but that some kind of shift in white identity is required in order for whites to be able to contribute to the achievement of a racially just South Africa. In making this argument, the paper brings contemporary discussions on race and whiteness, and in particular discussions about racial eliminativism, to bear on the question of whether or not white South Africans may rightly claim an African identity.
EUSTACY, SEA LEVEL AND LOCAL TECTONISM, WITH EXAMPLES FROM THE BRITISH CARBONIFEROUS

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

SUMMARY A method is presented which allows calculation of a tectonic element in situations where the primary influence on deposition is eustacy. Calculation of the eustatic rise in sea level needed for deposition of any thickness of rocks yields a conclusion that, assuming deposition of the Carboniferous rocks in Britain was primarily influenced by eustacy, the sea level rose by about 227 m during the Dinantian and about 100 m during the Namurian. There was a temporary halt to sea level rises at a level corresponding with the Mississippian/Pennsylvanian non-sequence in North America. Preliminary attempts are made to estimate the amount of sea level lowering between transgression, and an example of derived figures for local tectonism in the late Viséan of Scotland is given.
The Maternal Disintegrative Responses Scale (MDRS): Development and initial validation

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Objective This study aimed to design and examine the validity of the Maternal Disintegrative Responses Scale (MDRS) to assess intrusive thoughts and dissociative experiences in the postpartum period. Method A convenience sample of 455 mothers whose babies were up to 12 months old completed the MDRS and a series of questionnaires assessing postnatal depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale [EPDS]), childbirth‐related post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD), and general symptoms of dissociation. Results The final scale consists of eight items tapping two dimensions, intrusive thoughts and dissociative experiences, and displays good psychometric properties. Both factors were found to be related to EPDS, PTSD OCD, and general symptoms of dissociation. Primiparous women scored higher than multiparous women on both dimensions, and mothers of infants up to 3 months old scored higher on dissociative experiences than those whose infants were aged 4–12 months. Conclusions The MDRS can contribute to the theoretical and practical conceptualization and assessment of these phenomena.
Dealing with a Controversial Past: A Review of Latin America’s Relations with the “Third Reich”

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In Latin America of the late 1940's, the "Third Reich" was far from dead history; indeed, it was multifariously present. In the decade before, Germany had maintained close political, economic, cultural and military relations with most Latin American states. Since the mid 1930's, Argentina had resisted United States efforts to create a block of American states against totalitarian trends in Europe. Buenos Aires did not want to be led by the continental hegemonial power. Instead, Argentina maintained contact with Germany, the foreign organisations of the NSDAP were active in the large German community; trade grew. Brazil had no need for a commission, for it had been on the right side - at least in the crucial moment. For that reason, Brazilians started to question their country's relationship with the "Third Reich" fairly early on and their approach was relatively uninhibited. Panama is a tiny state compared to Argentina and Brazil.
Heterogeneity in the pattern of distribution of the axonal collaterals of Purkinje cells in zone b of the cat's vermis: An intracellular HRP study

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Intracellular recordings were obtained from Purkinje cells located in zone b of the vermis; all of the cells were located within lobule V. The ulnar and sciatic nerves were stimulated bilaterally in order to determine the input characteristics of each impaled neuron. Subsequent to recording physiological data the neurons were intracellularly labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). At the conclusion of the experiment the animals were perfused and their brains were processed for HRP histochemistry. Zone b was divided histologically into five 200‐μm intervals and the location of each intracellularly injected Purkinje cell relative to these intervals was determined. The input characteristics of Purkinje cells within a single 200‐μm interval are not identical. Some Purkinje cells respond exclusively to input from a specific limb, whereas other Purkinje cells within the same interval are activated by both forelimb and hindlimb stimulation. The collaterals of a zone b Purkinje cell form a dense plexus at the Purkinje cell‐granule cell junction; branches also distribute to the superficial and deep granule cell layer, as well as to the lower molecular layer. Two patterns of collateral distribution were observed. In one pattern, the plexus has a single arbor confined to the vicinity of the cell body of origin. In the second pattern, at least two arborizations are present. One arbor remains within the vicinity of the cell body of origin whereas other arbors are distant from the parent cell; the two arbors are separated by areas devoid of collaterals. An analysis of the distribution of axonal varicosities shows that they are not uniformly distribution around the cell body of origin in either the sagittal or transverse plane. Cortical areas that contain numerous beads are interspersed between regions that contain few or no varicosities. The discontinuous pattern of distribution and the presence of varicosities in all three cortical laminae suggest that Purkinje cells in zone b have multiple discrete foci of influence on diverse populations of cerebellar neurons. These anatomical findings suggest that individual Purkinje cells may play different functional roles in the local circuitry of zone b. Cells with the spatially confined arbors may be involved with the integration of information within restricted sagittal intervals (approximately 200 μm in width) of the cerebellum. Purkinje cells with the dual arbors have the potential to integrate information over a greater extent of zone b or, in some cases, between zone b and adjacent cortical zones (e.g., c 1 or x).
The Study on Process of Robinia Pseudoacacia Tea Beverage

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This article with Robinia pseudoacacia and black tea as the main raw materials to make a new flower tea beverage,and found the optimal technological parameters and recipe by single-factor and orthogonal experiment. The result shows that the ratio of Robinia pseudoacacia combination and tea was 1∶8,the dosage of Vc was 0. 02%,citric acid 0. 2%,aspartame 0. 01%. Under these condition,the product with a crystal color and sweet refreshing,have mixed fragrance with flower and tea.
"Complex Sociotechnical Joint Cognitive Work Systems"?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This essay continues a tradition in this department: deconstructing the meanings of various buzz phrases. It calls out a cluster of phrases that use the word system. Notions of emergence and complexity are meaningfully related with regard to systems in general, and related in turn to notions of resilience, agility, and robustness. This is arguably true for engineered work systems and for biological systems. But a path to sorting all this out remains hidden by brambles. We are hostages to our language and especially to our fondness for Cartesian dualisms. We need to say that something is both a "structure" and a "dynamic." So far, the word "system" may be our best option even though the search for a definition continues. The editors of this department invite definitions of the word "system" and its modifiers.
Differential morphometric analysis of the anterior fontanelle in an embryonic avian model of induced-thyrotoxicosis.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Craniosynostosis (CS) is the premature fusion of the cranial sutures during embryonic development, and this results in intracranial pressure and skull deformities. Thyrotoxicosis, specifically maternal hyperthyroidism, has been linked to the development of CS. Our lab is currently validating an avian model of thyroxine-induced CS to study the mechanism involved in thyroxine-enhanced cranial ossification. We hypothesized that thyroxine exposure will alter skull morphology. Two groups of fertilized chicken eggs were injected with saline or 25 ng T4 into the air cell on embryonic days (E) 11 and 15. A set of skulls from each group were collected on E17-19 (n = 17-21/day). They were fixed in formalin and processed using Alizarin Red whole-mount staining, imaged (superior view), and quantified to determine thyroxine-induced alteration in skull morphology. Geometric morphometric analysis using MorphoJ was performed to identify shape variation between treatment groups of the fibrous space between ossifying regions of the anterior fontanelle. These preliminary results demonstrated a significant variation in the shape of the fibrous gap between developing sutures on embryonic days 17, 18, and 19 (p<0.05). Using the same methodology, an additional set of skulls on E19 were collected from each group and processed using both Alizarin red and Alcian blue whole-mount staining to better delineate the ossifying region of bone. Analysis is currently in progress. In conclusion, these findings support that our model is successful in promoting the fusing of the cranial bones with thyroxine exposure in our avian model through altered skull morphology visualized in the anterior fontanelle.
FTO Obesity Variant–Exercise Interaction on Changes in Body Weight and BMI: The Taiwan Biobank Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Context Gene–exercise interaction on cross-sectional body mass index (BMI) has been extensively studied and is well established. However, gene–exercise interaction on changes in body weight/BMI remains controversial. Objective To examine the interaction between the FTO obesity variant and regular exercise on changes in body weight/BMI. Participants Taiwan Biobank participants aged 30-70 years (N = 20 906) were examined at both baseline and follow-up visit (mean follow-up duration: 3.7 years). Main Outcome Measures The interaction between the FTO obesity variant rs1421085 and regular exercise habit (no exercise, ≤20 metabolic equivalent of tasks (METs)/week exercise, &gt;20 METs/week exercise) on changes in body weight/BMI. Results Individuals with the risk allele of rs1421085 gained more weight and increased BMI than those without the risk allele if they did not exercise. In contrast, individuals with the risk allele gained less weight and BMI if they exercised regularly, indicating an interaction between rs1421085 and regular exercise habit (P = .030 for Δbody weight and P = .034 for ΔBMI). The effect of exercise on maintaining body weight was larger in those with the risk allele of rs1421085. When we focused on individuals without regular exercise at baseline, individuals with the risk allele again tended to lose more weight than those with a nonrisk allele if they had acquired an exercise habit by the follow-up visit. Conclusion The beneficial effect of exercise is greater in individuals genetically prone to obesity due to the interaction between the FTO obesity variant rs1421085 and regular exercise on changes in body weight and BMI.