jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Impact of NCRM’s Training and Capacity Building Activities 2011-2013

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

NCRM offers a national programme of advanced research methods training delivered both as face-to-face training events and an online course in multilevel modelling (provided by the LEMMA 3 Node). This current impact assessment seeks to gauge the impact of this provision and covers the period April 2011 to March 2013. It focuses on the use researchers make of what they learn from NCRM training, in particular on the use they make of it in research projects, in writing research funding proposals, in teaching and in the supervision of students.
The impact of NCRM’s face-to-face training and the LEMMA online course were assessed using separate online surveys. 1,695 registrants at NCRM events and 1,782 users of the LEMMA online course were invited to participate.

The main benefits of NCRM provision were seen as “providing opportunities for clarification and reflection”, “increasing knowledge about research methods” and “providing useful references and other resources”. The main impacts were seen as “teaching researchers something new about advanced research methods”, “helping clarify the relevance of the methods” and “helping to make researchers more confident”.

The surveys of impact consistently reflect the positive impact of NCRM capacity building, not only in terms of bids for funding, research activity and publications but also as a source of inspiration to researchers, a facilitator of reflection, and a means to empower researchers and build their confidence. The impact of NCRM provision is not just in terms of better quality research but also in terms of better informed and more motivated researchers. NCRM’s provision is well regarded and attracts researchers from across the career spectrum of social science in the UK. Very many of the researchers from all career stages who avail of NCRM’s provision are research active and publishing in prestigious research journals. NCRM has therefore succeeded in engaging with a prestigious group who are at the forefront of social science research and who value the contribution NCRM makes in terms of its training and capacity building.
ACOG Committee Opinion No. 349: Menstruation in Girls and Adolescents: Using the Menstrual Cycle as a Vital Sign

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Young patients and their parents often are unsure about what represents normal menstrual patterns, and clinicians also may be unsure about normal ranges for menstrual cycle length and amount and duration of flow through adolescence. It is important to be able to educate young patients and their parents regarding what to expect of a first period and about the range for normal cycle length of subsequent menses. It is equally important for clinicians to have an understanding of bleeding patterns in girls and adolescents, the ability to differentiate between normal and abnormal menstruation, and the skill to know how to evaluate patients' conditions appropriately. Using the menstrual cycle as an additional vital sign adds a powerful tool to the assessment of normal development and the exclusion of serious pathologic conditions.
Intriguing Self-optimization: Gradient Sign and Fractional Order Gradient

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The gradient descent algorithm has become the standard algorithm for computing the extreme values of functions, but for multivariate functions this algorithm is mostly ineffective. This is because the convergence rate of each element is inconsistent in most cases. However, in this paper, we found that the gradient sign is a self-optimizing operator, ensuring that the convergence rate is consistent across all elements. This also explains, from an optimization perspective, the success of the Fast Gradient Sign Method (FGSM) in generating adversarial samples that are indistinguishable from the normal input, but can easily fool neural networks. We also found that the fractional order gradient is also self-optimizing, and that the convergence speed of this algorithm can be controlled by adjusting the order of the gradient. Experiments suggest that this algorithm not only generates adversarial samples faster than other algorithms, but that a single source image can generate many such samples. This algorithm is also more effective than others at generating adversarial samples from simple images.
A 125-KHZ CMOS-MEMS Resoswitch Embedded Zero Quiescent Power OOK/FSK Receiver

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper demonstrates a 125-kHz micromechanical resoswitch-embedded zero quiescent power OOK/FSK communication receiver based on a CMOS-MEMS fabrication platform for low-frequency (LF) active RFID standby receiver applications. In particular, differing from the previously demonstrated receiver using a CMOS-incompatible Au fabrication process [1], this work utilizes a standard 0.35-μm CMOS process to achieve a folded-beam comb-driven resoswitch with a digital decoder. Enabled by the key component of the resoswitch, the receiver realizes on-chip signal filtering, power amplification, and demodulation, all together consuming an averaged 10.46 μW when processing "1" and zero power for "0" and at standby. This demonstration verifies the efficacy of using low-cost, high-fidelity CMOS processes towards all-mechanical resoswitch-based RF applications.
Role of 1% alendronate gel as adjunct to mechanical therapy in the treatment of chronic periodontitis among smokers

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The results of this study showed 1% ALN stimulated a significant increase in PD reduction, PAL gain, and an improved bone fill compared to placebo gel in chronic periodontitis among smokers. Thus, 1% ALN, along with SRP, is effective in the treatment of chronic periodontitis in smokers.
Collaborative problem solving in senior secondary mathematics classrooms

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper reports on research into patterns of social interaction associated with metacognitive activity in senior secondary school mathematics classrooms. Unsuccessful collaborative problem solving sessions were characterised by students' poor metacognitive decisions exacerbated by lack of critical engagement with each other's thinking, while successful outcomes were favoured if students challenged and discarded unhelpful ideas and actively endorsed useful strategies. The findings have practical significance for implementation of new mathematics curriculum policies that emphasise problem solving, mathematical reasoning, and communication. In a review ofp.rogress in math~maticalproJ :>lem solvingrese&rch in the 25 years to 1994, Lester (1994) lamentedth.atresearch interesfin this area appears to be on the decline, even though there remain many unresolved issues that deserve continued attention. One such issue highlighted by Lester was the role of m~tacognition
[Cardiac troponins - biomarkers for cardiovascular disease in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are frequently associated and share common risk factors, pathophysiological processes, symptoms and clinical signs. Ischemic heart disease, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension and atrial fibrillation are common comorbidities of COPD. COPD has been described as an independent risk factor for CVD. Cardiac troponin elevation, indicating myocardial injury, is associated with both the stable state of COPD and acute exacerbation of COPD. The mechanisms of elevated troponin levels in these conditions are multiple and not fully understood. The aim of this article is to discuss the association between COPD, CVD and cardiac troponins.
BBRv3 in the public Internet: a boon or a bane?

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The third version of the Bottleneck-Bandwidth and Round-trip (BBR) algorithm, BBRv3, is now the default CCA for all of the public Internet traffic from google.com and YouTube. In this work, we built upon our prior work [23] and examine BBRv3’s ability to coexist with Cubic flows by taking loss, in the form of explicit congestion notification (ECN) signals, into account. Our evaluations reveal that, when ECN is enabled, a single BBRv3 flow can acquire more than ~99% of the bandwidth even when competing with five Cubic flows. Our findings have crucial implications for using BBRv3 in the public Internet.
Mechanical Properties Of Asthmatic Airway Smooth Muscle

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Airway smooth muscle (ASM) is the major effector of excessive airway narrowing in asthma.Changes in some of the mechanical properties of ASM could contribute to excessive narrowing and have not been systematically studied in human ASM from nonasthmatic and asthmatic subjects.Human ASM strips (eight asthmatic and six nonasthmatic) were studied at in situ length and force was normalised to maximal force induced by electric field stimulation (EFS).Measurements included: passive and active force versus length before and after length adaptation, the forcevelocity relationship, maximal shortening and force recovery after length oscillation.Force was converted to stress by dividing by cross-sectional area of muscle.The only functional differences were that the asthmatic tissue was stiffer at longer lengths (p,0.05) and oscillatory strain reduced isometric force in response to EFS by 19% as opposed to 36% in nonasthmatics (p,0.01).The mechanical properties of human ASM from asthmatic and nonasthmatic subjects are comparable except for increased passive stiffness and attenuated decline in force generation after an oscillatory perturbation.These data may relate to reduced bronchodilation induced by a deep inspiration in asthmatic subjects.
[Traumatic tricuspid insufficiency. Apropos of 2 cases].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The authors report two cases of tricuspid regurgitation by a ruptured anterior papillary muscle secondary to non-penetrating thoracic trauma. In the presence of suggestive clinical and electrocardiographic abnormalities (systolic murmur, right heart failure, right bundle branch block), echocardiography confirmed the tricuspid regurgitation, showed its mechanism and excluded any other intracardiac lesions. Tricuspid annuloplasty was performed in both cases because of the persistence of failure or degradation of the patient's clinical condition. Peroperative echocardiography was used to judge the quality of the surgical repair in both cases. Traumatic tricuspid regurgitation is a rare condition and the diagnosis is often delayed. Echocardiography is the investigation of choice and guides treatment which is essentially valvular repair in symptomatic patients.
Human telomeric binding proteins recognizing single and double stranded DNA

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Telomeres of human chromosomes consist of a repeated TTAGGG sequence, and at the terminal of this repeat sequence, the 3' strand is longer than the 5' strand. In this study, we characterized single and double stranded telomere binding proteins (ssTBPs and dsTBPs) by gel mobility shift assay and South-Western blotting assay. At least two protein components with molecular weights of 29 and 33 kDa were bound to a single stranded telomeric sequence, and also two proteins with molecular weights of about 44 kDa and 70 kDa were bound to a double stranded telomeric sequence. A competition assay demonstrated that the binding properties of ssTBPs and dsTBPs were specific to the telomeric sequence. We further cloned a ssTBP cDNA (ssTBP-1) by screening a lambda-gt11 expression library and identified ssTBP-1 as a human heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) Al on the basis of cDNA sequence. We also found that the expression of the hnRNP Al gene significantly decreased during in vitro passage of human microvascular endothelial cells.
Consumer perceptions of B corporations, purpose-driven brands and cause-related marketing campaigns: Knowledge, acceptance and appreciation at the time of purchase

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

For the Argentine case, studies that identify increasing implementation of three major CSR triple-impact strategies—B corporations, purpose-driven brands and marketing, and cause-related marketing—focus predominantly on supply. The present study seeks to identify consumer perceptions of these three triple-impact strategies in terms of recognition, knowledge, appreciation, and prioritization at the time of the purchase in the Argentine market. A quantitative investigation was carried out, based on a nationwide panel of 400 citizens. The results show that a majority of participants do not recognize the concepts of purpose-driven brands or the concept of B corporations. Many express difficulties in identifying such initiatives due to disinterest, ignorance, and/or lack of availability/exposure. In addition, there were non-significant differences in terms of generations, socioeconomic level, and sex. On the other hand, almost half of the panel has some familiarity with cause-related marketing campaigns, given the association with NGOs to which participating companies may donate or fund-raise. The results, particularly the limited overall recognition of these concepts, has management implications in a context of recession and spending restrictions.
Development of a smart machine vision based system to detect water stress in greenhouse tomato plants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Timely detection of water stress in agricultural crops is important. In this paper, a smart classification algorithm was developed to detect water stress in tomato plants that were grown in the greenhouse. During the growth period, thermal and visible light images were acquired from the canopy tops in two states: (1) plants in normal conditions; and (2) plants under water stress. Images were obtained using a camera that recorded simultaneous frames of thermal and visible (red, green, and blue (RGB)) features. Based on these features, 22 parameters were defined and applied to classify the image frames. In order to develop an efficient algorithm, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to optimize the classifying of parameters. For normalizing the data in PCA, 6 normalization methods were applied and assessed. Among them, peak normalization was the best as its PC1 and PC2 described 94% and 5% of total variation, respectively. Based on the PCA results, 9 parameters were found with most loadings as the most effective indexes that all obtained from the visible features. In other words, the thermal features were not as useful for detecting plant water stress. These parameters were used in multilayer perceptron neural networks (MLPNN) to develop the classification algorithm. The resulting mean-square error and r values for the MLPNN with ten hidden layer were 6.05×10-3 and 0.9905, respectively which shows the robustness of the classification algorithm. This algorithm accuracy was 83.3%.
Transplantation of Enalapril-Treated Kidneys Confers Persistent Lowering of Arterial Pressure in SHR

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The kidney plays a critical role in regulating the level of arterial pressure and in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Important evidence has come from studies in which hypertension is generated by transplanting kidneys from genetically hypertensive rats into normotensive recipients, suggesting that the level of blood pressure is strongly influenced by the genetic background of the kidney. We hypothesized that pharmacotherapy could modify specific properties intrinsic to the kidney such that after transplantation, there would be persistent changes in the level of arterial pressure. We determined that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment (enalapril) in spontaneously hypertensive rats induced both a persistent 17% reduction of mean arterial pressure and a persistent change in the kidney. This persistent change in the circulation could be completely transferred to untreated spontaneously hypertensive rats by kidney transplantation; ie, mean arterial pressure in untreated spontaneously hypertensive rat recipients was persistently lowered after transplantation of a kidney from a previously treated spontaneously hypertensive rat donor. In addition, the persistent lowering of mean arterial pressure after enalapril treatment could be completely abolished by implanting an untreated kidney, thereby revealing the importance of the kidney-specific changes. Furthermore, after within-group transplantations, there were no changes in the level of arterial pressure; ie, a 16% difference in mean arterial pressure remained between the 2 groups. The findings revealed that drug-induced changes specific to the kidney determined the level of arterial pressure, thereby suggesting the kidney should be a key therapeutic target for pharmacotherapy.
Investigation of Toughening Mechanisms in Elastomeric Polycarbonate Blends through Morphological and Mechanical Characterization at Small and Medium Strain Rates

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Despite polycarbonate (PC) being a widely used engineering plastic, its notch and crack sensitivity pose challenges in critical applications. To address this, PC was blended with elastomeric polymers to explore the improvement in toughness. This study systematically investigates the toughening mechanisms of PC blended with acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS), copolyether ester elastomer (COPE), and ABS and styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene (SEBS) copolymer grafted with maleic anhydride (MA). The morphology and mechanical behavior were evaluated under quasi-static and medium-strain-rate tensile tests and Charpy impact tests using optical, electronic, and atomic force microscopy and Raman mapping spectroscopy. The morphological analysis reveals cavitation and crazing phenomena for COPE and SEBS-g-MA systems, and mostly debonding for ABS, indicating an improvement in toughening. While the addition of ABS improves the PC plastic deformation, modifying ABS with maleic anhydride enhances the elastic modulus. Blending PC with SEBS-g-MA increases the strain at break, and the addition of COPE significantly improves the deformation behavior of PC (by around 115%). This comparative study provides valuable insights into the performance of different PC–elastomer blends under similar conditions, supporting the selection of appropriate materials for given applications.
Optimal Placement of Intermittent Renewable Energy Resources and Energy Storage System in Smart Power Distribution Networks

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an efficient strategy to optimally allocate renewable energy sources (RES), primarily wind and solar photovoltaic (PV), and energy storage system (ESS) in electrical distribution networks with a goal of minimizing costs and active power losses. The proposed planning strategy is used to determine the number of possible and optimal locations for the hybrid RES–ESS system. This paper further presents a control scheme to optimally dispatch the output of ESS, which increases the effective utilization of RES by reducing their day-ahead forecast errors in order to minimize the deviation between forecasted and actual values. In our proposed strategy, the location that produces the least overall power losses complying with the system constraints is considered as the optimal one. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, this paper considers a case study of a 16-bus test system that comprises of several loads, wind farm, PV, and ESS. The test results demonstrate that by determining the optimal bus location for the RES–ESS system, overall power losses as well as peak load can be significantly reduced.
Survey of Minimum Standards: Commercial Aeronautical Activities at Airports

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This digest explores source material for adopting and enforcing minimum standards that airport owners and operators commonly impose on businesses that perform commercial aeronautical activities that occur at airports. Examples of aeronautical activities include aircraft fueling, line (ground handling) services, maintenance and repair, storage, rental and flight training/instruction, sales, and charter and management. The report also explores current practices in the area of minimum standards and includes a compendium of comparative minimum standards.
Two Receptor Interaction Domains in the Corepressor, N-CoR/RIP13, Are Required for an Efficient Interaction with Rev-erbA and RVR: Physical Association is Dependent on the E Region of the Orphan Receptors

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Rev-erbA alpha and RVR/Rev-erb beta/BD73 are orphan steroid receptors that have no known ligands in the 'classical sense'. These 'orphans' do not activate transcription, but function as dominant transcriptional silencers. The thyroid hormone receptor (TR) and the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) act as transcriptional silencers by binding corepressors (e.g. N-CoR/RIP13 and SMRT/TRAC-2) in the absence of ligands. The molecular basis of repression by orphan receptors, however, remains obscure, and it is unclear whether these corepressors mediate transcriptional silencing by Rev-erbA alpha and RVR. Recently, two new variants of N-CoR have been described, RIP13a and RIP13delta1. The characterisation of these splice variants has identified a second receptor interaction domain (ID-II), in addition to the previously characterised interaction domain (ID-I). This investigation utilised the mammalian two hybrid system and transfection analysis to demonstrate that Rev-erbA alpha and RVR will not efficiently interact with either ID-I or ID-II separately from RIP13a or RIP13delta1. However, they interact efficiently with a domain composed of ID-I and ID-II from RIP13a. Interestingly, the interaction of Rev-erbA alpha and RVR is strongest with ID-I and ID-II from RIP13delta1. Detailed deletion analysis of the orphan receptor interaction with RIP13/N-CoR rigorously demonstrated that the physical association was critically dependent on an intact E region of Rev-erbA alpha and RVR. Over-expression of the corepressor interaction domains (i.e. dominant negative forms of N-CoR/RIP13) could alleviate orphan receptor-mediated repression of transactivation by GALVP16. This demonstrated that these regions could function as anti-repressors. In conclusion, these data from two independent approaches demonstrate that repression by Rev-erbA alpha and RVR is mediated by an interaction of ID-I and ID-II of N-CoR, RIP13a and delta1 with the putative ligand binding domain of the orphan receptors.
Figure 21 in Four new species of mites in Ologamasiphis andHolzmannia genera, and a newJuvaria subgenus defined (Parasitiformes: Parasitidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Figure 21 Holzmannia (Juvaria) pilosa n. sp., male: A, B – Fe, Ge and Ti of leg II ventrally (A) and anterolaterally (B) with the spurs in different aspects; C – Co I; D – Co IV. Some setae are marked. Arrows on the anterolateral side.