jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ortho-metallation reactions of 2-substituted pyridines, 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-diazines, and 2,2′-bipyridyl with triosmium clusters. Crystal and molecular structure of nonacarbonyl-µ-(2,2′-bipyridyl-6-yl)-µ-hydrido-triangulo-triosmium(3Os–Os)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

2-Methyl- or 2-benzyl-pyridine, and 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-diazines all react like pyridine itself with [Os3(CO)10-(C8H14)2](C8H14= cycle-octene) to give complexes of the type [Os3H(CO)10(µ-L)] where Lisa 2-metallated heterocycle. The 1H n.m.r.spectrum of the 2-benzylpyridine complex shows that µ-L is in a locked configuration on the n.m.r. time-scale and does not alternate its bonding between the two Os atoms it bridges. 2,2′-Bipyridyl reacts with [Os3(CO)12] to give the related red complex [Os3H(CO)9(C10H7N2)] which contains the chelating bridging 6-metallated bipy ligand as established by a single-crystal X-ray structure determination. The crystals are monoclinic, space group P21/c, with a= 9.113(2), b= 13.157(2), c= 18.209(2)Å, β= 91.59(2)°, and Z= 4. The structure was refined to R= 0.0427 for 3 550 observed reflections. The structure of [Os3H(CO)9-(C10H7N2)] is rather like those of compounds [Os3H(CO)10,X] and in particular where X = 2-pyridyl except that in the nonacarbonyl complex described here the ortho-metallated pyridine ring is part of a 2,2′-bipyridyl chelating ligand.
Baseline left atrial reservoir strain provides independent and incremental prognostic value in predicting chemotherapy related cardiotoxicity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Currently, few baseline imaging biomarkers can predict chemotherapy induced cardiotoxicity (CTx). The early identification of CTx is critically important as it determines the prospect of LV function recovery (1). Purpose We aimed to determine if baseline left atrial (LA) reservoir strain (LAS) is predictive of CTx. Methods We performed retrospective analysis of the SUCCOUR study, an international multicentre randomized controlled trial. CTx was defined as an asymptomatic drop of &gt;10% in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) compared to baseline to &lt;55%. LAS analysis was performed using semi-automated speckling tracking of the LA in the four and two chamber views using EchoPAC. Analysis was performed at one year follow up. Cox proportional hazard analysis, c-statistics and Akaike information criterion (AIC) statistical analysis was performed. Results After excluding 78 with inadequate images, 229 were included in the analysis. Most participants were female (n=215, 94%), with a mean age of 54±12 years. Median follow up was 1.02 years (IQR 0.98–1.07). A smoking history was the commonest cardiac risk factor (n=68, 30%). Breast cancer was the main cancer type (n=205, 90%). The mean baseline 3D LVEF, LV global longitudinal strain (GLS), LAS, and LA volume index (LAVI) were 61±4%, 20.6±2.5%, 28.6±7.9%, and 28±9ml/m2, respectively. Participants that developed CTx had a lower LAS at baseline compared to those that did not (25.5±7.4% vs 29.0±7.9% respectively; p=0.027). At 1-year follow-up, 29 patients (13%) developed CTx. On univariable Cox proportional hazard analysis, higher baseline LAS was associated with a lower risk of CTx (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–0.99; p=0.026) but other parameters including baseline GLS was not (p=0.17). In nested Cox models (Figure 1), adding LAS significantly improved the model's predictive accuracy for CTx compared to other clinical and imaging parameters. When LAS was added to the same models it showed improvements in the c-statistics and AIC score (Figure 1). Conclusion Baseline LAS is an independent and incremental predictor of CTx. LAS could be used for baseline risk stratification in oncology patients who receive potentially cardiotoxic chemotherapy. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): GE Healthcare
Defective complex formation between single‐stranded DNA and mutant recA430 or recA1 protein of Escherichia coli

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The formation of a complex between recA protein and single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) was studied by filter‐binding assays and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. In the presence of excess ATP, the wild‐type recA protein formed salt‐resistant complexes with ssDNA. One mutant recA430 ( lexB30 ) protein bound to ssDNA slightly less effectively than wild‐type protein, and the complexes had lost the stability to salt. Another mutant recA1 protein did not form complexes with ssDNA. On the other hand, in the absence of ATP, all proteins bound to ssDNA with the same efficiency, but all of the complexes were unstable in the presence of salt. The hybridization reaction in which homologous ssDNA is converted to double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) catalyzed by the recA430 protein was more sensitive to salt than that catalyzed by the wild‐type protein. No hybridization reaction was found with the recA1 protein.
A PSF Estimation Based on Hough Transform Concerning Gradient Vector for Noisy and Motion Blurred Images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The estimation of the point-spread function (PSF) is one of very important and indispensable tasks for the practical image restoration. Especially, for the motion blur, various PSF estimation algorithms have been developed so far. However, a majority of them becomes useless in the low blurred signal-to-noise ratio (BSNR) environment. This paper describes a new robust PSF estimation algorithm based on Hough transform concerning gradient vectors, which can accurately and robustly estimate the motion blur PSF even in low BSNR case. The effectiveness and validity of the proposed algorithm are verified by applying it to the PSF estimation and the image restoration for noisy and motion blurred images.
Analysis of Infection with Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis and antibiotic susceptibility

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the status of urogenital tract mycoplasma infections and the condition of antibiotic susceptibility in our area. Mathods Mycopiasma culture, identification and drug sensitivity test were used by liquid culture medium. The antibiotic include Azithromycin, clarithromycin, Josamycin, Roxithromycin, Doxycycline, Minocycline, Levofloxacin, Ofloxacin and Spa. Results There are1033cases that infection with Mycoplasma in 3295 cases, the total infected rate was 31.4%?The simple infection with Ureaplasma urealyticum was 856 cases and the rate was 26%. Mycoplasma hominis was 20 cases and the rate was 0.61%.The mixed infection was 157 cases and the rate was 4.8%.Mycoplasma were high susceptible to Minocycline and Doxycycline and was low susceptible to Roxithromycin.The sensitivtity of the Clarithromycin was 82% in Ureaplasma urealyticum. Conclusions Minocycline and Doxycycline will be selected firstly to clinical infection with Ureaplasma urealyticum,Mycoplasma hominis and mixed infection this finding also indicated resistance monitoring for clinical practices.
Emphysematous Pyelonephritis Complicated by Hemorrhage, Diagnosed by Computerized Tomography Scan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Emphysematous pyelonephritis complicated by a perirenal hematoma was diagnosed by computerized tomography. The computerized tomography scan was normal 3 months previously. Computerized tomography may be the procedure of choice to diagnose and stage emphysematous pyelonephritis.
Machine Learning in Dentistry: A Scoping Review

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Machine learning (ML) is being increasingly employed in dental research and application. We aimed to systematically compile studies using ML in dentistry and assess their methodological quality, including the risk of bias and reporting standards. We evaluated studies employing ML in dentistry published from 1 January 2015 to 31 May 2021 on MEDLINE, IEEE Xplore, and arXiv. We assessed publication trends and the distribution of ML tasks (classification, object detection, semantic segmentation, instance segmentation, and generation) in different clinical fields. We appraised the risk of bias and adherence to reporting standards, using the QUADAS-2 and TRIPOD checklists, respectively. Out of 183 identified studies, 168 were included, focusing on various ML tasks and employing a broad range of ML models, input data, data sources, strategies to generate reference tests, and performance metrics. Classification tasks were most common. Forty-two different metrics were used to evaluate model performances, with accuracy, sensitivity, precision, and intersection-over-union being the most common. We observed considerable risk of bias and moderate adherence to reporting standards which hampers replication of results. A minimum (core) set of outcome and outcome metrics is necessary to facilitate comparisons across studies.
Marine bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerromorpha) from Vietnam, with description of a new species of Hermatobates (Hermatobatidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This paper presents the inventory of exclusively marine Heteroptera species, including taxa of three families of Gerromorpha, Hermatobatidae, Veliidae, and Gerridae, from Vietnam. A new species of coral treaders, Hermatobates sanho sp. nov. from the southern area of Vietnam is described. Xenobates murphyi Andersen, 2000 and Xenobates singaporensis Andersen, 2000 are recorded from the country for the first time.
Variation of the magnetic properties of electrodeposited Ni and Co nanowire arrays in crystalline and amorphous alumina membranes

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This study investigates the magnetic properties of Ni and Co nanowire (NW) arrays at room temperature, embedded in porous anodic aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) membranes exhibiting amorphous and γ crystalline phases. Characterizing the Al 2 O 3 membrane morphology has revealed increased nanopore roughness and the appearance of mesopores within their walls with Al 2 O 3 crystallization. As a result of these morphological changes, the morphology of the NWs is also modified, increasing their surface roughness due to the inverse replication of the membrane during the electrodeposition process. Ferromagnetic resonance experiments reveal that the magnetic anisotropy of Ni NWs in amorphous Al 2 O 3 is the result of the superposition of magnetostatic (MS) and magnetoelastic contributions, while Ni NWs in crystalline Al 2 O 3 exhibit only the MS contribution, highlighting the host membrane influence on the NW magnetic behavior. In contrast, Co NW arrays exhibit purely MS behavior across all membranes. The present results are of prime interest for developing magnetic nanocomposites with tunable properties for advanced spintronic and magnetic sensing applications.
Additional file 3: of A proteomic insight into the midgut proteome of Ornithodoros moubata females reveals novel information on blood digestion in argasid ticks

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Table S3. Biological pathways represented in the midgut unfed ticks, number of sequences and enzymes involved in each pathway. The analysis of the midgut proteome was done in the KEEG pathway database using the Blast2GO software (XLSX 44 kb)
A Mutual Capacitance Touch Readout IC With 64% Reduced-Power Adiabatic Driving Over Heavily Coupled Touch Screen

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a touch sensing analog front end (AFE) for capacitive touch-screen integrated into an ultra-thin display. Reduced distance between the touch screen and display causes large capacitive coupling, resulting in increased parasitic capacitance and reduced touch sensitivity. Display noise interference is worse due to the large coupling capacitance. Hence, it is a challenge to design an AFE capable of accurate and energy efficient sensing of a touch input in the integrated touch-screen panel. An adiabatic multi-driving method based on charge recycling is proposed to provide power-efficient stimulation of the touch-screen panel. Furthermore, in order to cancel out the display noise interference through the large parasitic capacitance, a fully differential touch sensing module is incorporated in the AFE. A correlated noise sampling (NS) is employed in the decoder stage for the multi-driving demodulation process. To further improve power efficiency, the sensing module is multiplexed in four ways while achieving an optimal conversion time per sample. The proposed AFE was implemented in a 180-nm CMOS process. The fabricated AFE shows 57.0-dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at 120 fps while consuming 17.8 mW. Compared with power consumption of 19.9 mW expected with a conventional signal generation, the proposed adiabatic signal generator dissipates only 7.1 mW, exhibiting a power reduction of 64% due to the adiabatic driving method.
Biotype-specific tcpA genes in Vibrio cholerae

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The tcpA gene, encoding the structural subunit of the toxin-coregulated pilus, has been isolated from a variety of clinical isolates of Vibrio cholerae, and the nucleotide sequence determined. Strict biotype-specific conservation within both the coding and putative regulatory regions was observed, with important differences between the El Tor and classical biotypes. V. cholerae O139 Bengal strains appear to have El Tor-type tcpA genes. Environmental O1 and non-O1 isolates have sequences that bind an E1 Tor-specific tcpA DNA probe and that are weakly and variably amplified by tcpA-specific polymerase chain reaction primers, under conditions of reduced stringency. The data presented allow the selection of primer pairs to help distinguish between clinical and environmental isolates, and to distinguish El Tor (and Bengal) biotypes from classical biotypes from classical biotypes of V. cholerae. While the role of TcpA in cholera vaccine preparations remains unclear, the data strongly suggest that TcpA-containing vaccines directed at O1 strains need include only the two forms of TcpA, and that such vaccines directed at (O139) Bengal strains should include the TcpA of El Tor biotype.
Education, growth and income inequality

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Estimates of the e¤ect of education on GDP (the social return to education)have been hard to reconcile with micro evidence on the private return. We present a simple explanation that combines two ideas: imperfect substitution between worker types and endogenous skill biased technological progress. When types of workers are imperfect substitutes, the supply of human capital is negatively related to its return, and a higher education level compresses wage di¤erentials. We use cross-country panel data on income inequality to estimate the private return and GDP data to estimate the social return. The results show that the private return falls by 2 percentage points when the average education level increases by a year, which is consistent with Katz and Murphy's [1992] estimate of the elasticity of substitution between worker types. We find no evidence for dynamics in the private return, and certainly not for a reversal of the negative e¤ect as described in Acemoglu [2002]. The short run social return equals the private return.
An alternative implementation of the superdirective beamformer

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We introduce a new implementation of superdirective beamformers. The new structure has the advantage of reduced computational complexity. This advantage is due to a GSC-like (generalized sidelobe canceller) scheme. Unlike the conventional GSC, the filters in the sidelobe cancelling path are fixed and can be computed in advance by using the Wiener solution. The new structure yields exactly the same noise reduction performance as the superdirective beamformer does.
T-cell receptor gene therapy for cancer: the progress to date and future objectives

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the last decade research has begun into the use of T-cell receptor (TCR) gene therapy as a means to control and eradicate malignancies. There is now a large body of evidence to demonstrate that through the use of this technology one can redirect T-cell antigen specificity to produce both cytotoxic and helper T cells, which are functionally competent both in vitro and in vivo and show promising antitumour effects in humans. This review focuses on the means by which TCR gene transfer is achieved and the recent advances to modify the TCRs and vector delivery systems which aim to enhance the efficiency and safety of TCR gene transfer protocols.
Evolution de l'agriculture vietnamienne dans un district du delta du Fleuve Rouge

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Changes in Vietnamese Agriculture in a District of the Red River Delta. After a brief review of political and economic changes in the rural areas of North Vietnam from 1954 to 1980, this article analyses the different strategies followed by peasants after the process of renovation that was launched in the Vietnamian countrysides in the early 80"s. Those reforms increased production and encouraged private initiative. However, new problems now appear and affect a situation that has been rendered precarious because of a serious lack of agricultural land in the plains. Recently, in a context where market economy is dominant, the former existing social categories are being emphasized, and the appropriation of marginal areas seems to be a necessary step in order to satisfy the needs of peasant households.
Effect of Intracanal Irrigants on Bond Strength of Fiber Posts Cemented With a Self-adhesive Resin Cement

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of five intracanal irrigants on bond strength of fiber posts cemented with newer self-adhesive resin cement. Methods: A total of 60 extracted, single-rooted human premolars, sectioned at 14 mm, were prepared with the ProTaper Universal system with a size F3 instrument and filled with an F3 master cone and AH Plus. The root canal filling was partially removed, leaving 4 mm of apical gutta-percha. Specimens were randomly assigned to five groups (n=12), according to the solution used for dentin surface treatment before fiber post cementation, as follows: EDTA 17% (EDTA); QMix (QM); SmearClear (SC); 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and 0.9% saline solution (SS). Ultrasonic activation was performed (three times, 20 seconds each), and root canals were dried with paper points. Fiber posts were cemented with RelyX U200. In one specimen per group, rhodamine B dye was mixed with RelyX U200 to provide adequate fluorescence for confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) assessment. Specimens were transversally sectioned and three slices were obtained, one for each root third. Next, a push-out test was performed. A stereomicroscope and CLSM were used to analyze the failure modes and to illustrate the pattern of infiltration of RelyX U200 into dentinal tubules, respectively. Bond strength means were calculated, and analysis of variance and Bonferroni tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: SS showed the highest mean bond strength values (11.5±5.3), superior to QM (5.1±3.1) and SC (5.1±3.3). NaOCl presented intermediary bond strength values (9.7±5.0), similar to EDTA (7.7±2.9) and SS. QM and SC showed the lowest mean bond strength (p&lt;0.05). Adhesive failures between cement/dentin were predominant (53.9%). Conclusion: SS and NaOCl associated with ultrasonic activation seem to be adequate solutions for root canal cleaning before fiber post cementation with self-adhesive resin cement, whereas chelating solutions, such as EDTA, QM, and SC, cause a decrease in bond strength.
Thermoelectric Properties of a Monolayer Bismuth

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The structural and electronic properties of a two-dimensional monolayer bismuth are studied using density functional calculations. It is found that the monolayer forms a stable low-buckled hexagonal structure, which is reminiscent of silicene. The electronic transport properties of the monolayer bismuth are then evaluated by using Boltzmann theory with the relaxation time approximation. By fitting first-principles total energy calculations, a modified Morse potential is constructed, which is used to predicate the lattice thermal conductivity via equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. The room temperature ZT value of a monolayer bismuth is estimated to be 2.1 and 2.4 for the n- and p-type doping, respectively. Moreover, the temperature dependence of ZT is investigated and a maximum value of 4.1 can be achieved at 500 K.
Functions and Societal Values of Urban Trees in Brazzaville, Capitol of Congo

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The societal functions and values of trees planted in urban areas is conducted in Brazzaville, in the district No. 8 Madibou. The concept of resilient and ecological cities stipulates, a significant woody cover with carefully selected species and individuals ordered according to well-defined requirements, in the urban space. The study highlights the perception of ecosystem services and disservices by the residents and the daily coverage of their needs. A less sustained theme, the study is based on botanical inventory and ethnobotanical survey data. The floristic inventory conducted in 197 housing plots with at least two trees of dbh ≥ 10 cm, counted 1202 individuals corresponding to 49 species and 27 families, the distinctive ones being Arecaceae and Fabaceae. The fruit trees are privileged and the dominant ones in decreasing number of individuals are Mangifera indica, Persea americana, Dacryodes edulis and Elaeis guineensis. Ethnobotanical data, according to socio-professional and age classes, reveal 22 ecosystem services covering the three main categories of which regulatory services are highly valued. The average woman's perception of ecosystem services and disservices reaches 2/3 of citations per item. Notwithstanding the benefits rendered to populations, trees would affect social cohesion; without minimizing the disservices caused by their organs on roads, houses, physical communication infrastructures, goods and other properties. Since the added value is unequivocal, increasing forest cover would be the ideal solution for improving and maintaining the well-being of city dwellers, urban resilience and mitigating the effects of climate change, particularly urban heat islands. Urban arboriculture as a provider of ecosystem goods and services induces disservices while remaining a source of perpetuation of the Us and customs of the residents, via the virtues of biodiversity.
AI Assisted Trail Map Generation based on Public GPS Data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Hiking trail maps are typically created manually by survey, a time-consuming process. This process is expensive and must be repeated over time to improve accuracy. This paper proposed an inexpensive, automatic, and accurate trail network generation method from anonymous public GPS data utilizing a growing self-organizing map (GSOM). This technique does not rely on sequential GPS traces to learn network topology, unlike other approaches. Tuning several hyper-parameters can adjust this process for datasets and networks with unique characteristics. Reconstruction and adaption are also possible based on newly acquired data sources. Constructed trail maps, trained on publicly available GPS data, are compared against a ground truth map from Open Street Map (OSM). Performance is evaluated based on completeness, accuracy, and topological correctness. Testing on sparse networks with minimal GPS noise suggests favorable performance.