jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Lower red cell transfusion rates with use of tranexamic acid in single-stage bilateral total knee arthroplasty: A retrospective audit.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Bilateral total knee arthroplasty (BTKA) patients may require blood transfusion which has its risks. Anti-fibrinolytic drugs such as aprotinin, aminocaproic acid and tranexamic acid (TXA) have reduced transfusion requirements in major surgery. This retrospective audit was performed to assess effectiveness of TXA in reducing blood transfusion rate in single-stage sequential BTKA cases operated by a single surgeon. Records of 91 patients given TXA and 80 controls who were operated before 2012 and not given TXA were reviewed. TXA was given 15mg/kg intravenously (IV) before tourniquet deflation and 3 hours postoperatively.Blood transfusion was done in 9(10%) patients in the TXA group compared to 20(25%)in the control group (p<0.01). One (1.25%) patient in the control group had non-fatal pulmonary embolism.TXA appeared to be effective in decreasing post-operative blood loss and requirement for blood transfusion after single-stage BTKA.
n=l Mode Global Motion on Field-Reversed-Gonfiguration Plasmas

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

An n = I mode motion of a field-reversed-configuration plasma is investigated using a mirror configuration and a cusp configuration of the bias field. The n = I mode motion reaches 20-40 7o of the plasma radius in the former configuration, although it is at a low level in the latter configuration. It is experimentally confirmed that the violent n = I motion can be controlled by a multipole field. The critical strength of the multipole field needed to push back the plasma to the equilibrium position is theoretically derived using a simple model which includes the conductor effect of the wall, and is compared with an experimentally obtained value. The two values agree within the range of experimental reproducibility. Keywords: field-reversed configuration, FRC, n = 1 mode, global motion, multipole field, theta pinch
Hypergratings: far-field subwavelength focusing in planar metamaterials

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present a technique for subwavelength far-field focusing of light in planar non-resonant structures. The approach combines the diffraction gratings that generate high-wavevector waves and planar slabs of homogeneous anisotropic metamaterials that propagate these waves and combine them at the subwavelength focal spots. The technique has all the benefits of Fresnel lens, near-field zone plate, hyperlens, and superlens, and at the same time resolves their fundamental limitations. Several realizations of hypergratings for visible, near-IR, and mid-IR frequencies are proposed, and their performance is analyzed. Generalization of the developed approach for sub-diffractional imaging and on-chip photonics is suggested.
DisseminatedTalaromyces marneffeiInfection With STAT3-Hyper-IgE Syndrome: A Case Series and Literature Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Little is known about the clinical characteristics of talaromycosis with hyper–immunoglobulin E syndrome (HIES). Methods We conducted a multicenter retrospective study, which included 7 hospitals from 2016 to 2022. Five consecutive cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–negative patients with systemic Talaromyces marneffei infections due to STAT3-HIES were identified. A systematic literature review of original articles published in English identified an additional 7 cases. Clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters were collected. Results Forty-two percent (5/12) of patients were young adults. The main symptoms of 10 patients were similar: fever (75%), cough (75%) and dyspnea (33%), but two patients mainly had gastrointestinal symptoms. Most patients had a history of infections since infancy. T marneffei was cultured from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (50%) and 25% of patients were next-generation sequencing positive. Eight patients had significantly elevated serum immunoglobulin E, increased B cells and decreased natural killer cells. There were ten different STAT3 mutations, three of which were reported for the first time in this study. Chest computed tomography examinations showed multiple exudations with cavities in the lungs. Voriconazole combined with thymosin was effective. Despite given antifungal agents, most had poor outcomes and the case fatality rate was as high as 25%. Conclusions STAT3-HIES is most likely a susceptibility factor for T marneffei infections among HIV-negative patients, which has a high case fatality rate. Increased awareness among clinicians is necessary to help in early diagnosis.
"A Phenomenological Study on the Telecommuting Experience of Office Workers in a Pandemic Situation"

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

연구 목적: 이 연구는 팬데믹 상황에서 직장인의 재택근무 경험을 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 연구 방법: 연구방법은 개인의 주관적 경험을 잘 드러낼 수 있는 Giorgi의 현상학적 연구 방법에 따라 분석하였다. 연구 내용: 이 논문의 연구내용은 6명의 연구참여자들을 모집하여 팬데믹 이전과 이후의 근무경험을 비교하여 면담하였으며, 개방적이고 반구조화된 질문지를 구성하여 진행하였다. 결론 및 제언: 분석결과 ‘출퇴근 방식’, ‘동료나 상사와의 의사소통’, ‘업무에 대한 만족’, ‘일과 자기성장’의 4개의 범주와 15개의 주제묶음, 64개의 주제가 도출되었다. 본 연구를 통해 팬데믹 상황에서 비자발적으로 시작된 직장인들의 재택근무 경험을 출퇴근 방식과 비교해서 그 차이점을 살펴볼 수 있었다. 나아가 포스트 코로나 시대에 변화할 근무환경에 대한 시사점이 무엇인지에 대해 살펴보았다는 점에 본 연구의 의의를 둘 수 있다.
The safety management of electronic cross-matching in clinical application

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective To discuss the safety management of electronic cross-matching in clinical application.Methods By developing the electronic distribution of blood SOP,the laboratory quality management system was established and improved.Patients who matched the condition received electronic matching and the parallel detection by traditional serological cross matching test simultaneously.Each link of the blood test was qualitied with full implementation,ensuring the safety of blood for clinical use.Results 14520 cases of patients received electronic matching blood.ABO/RhD blood incompatible was not observed.12033 units of red blood cell component were issued and infusion,no blood transfusion adverse reactions was found.Conclusion Strict quality control measures could ensure the safety of blood transfusion by electronic matching.
Antimicrobial, anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant activities of aqueous aromatic extracts from forty-eight selected herbs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In the essential oil extraction process of herbs, the aqueous part of distillate was often been treated as waste. Thus, discovery of potentialities of the aqueous part of herbs will aid us to realize further applications of this byproduct. In this study, we examine the antimicrobial activity, anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant activities of 48 selected herbs which are suitable to be planted in Taiwan and Southeast Asia. Results shown that only 5 herbs such asCanarium album and Cinnamomum japonicum have antimicrobial activities onPropionibacterium acne, Staphylococcus epidermidis or Malassezia furfur. In addition,Cinnamomum japonicum had shown the highest activity up to 83% for the inhibition of dopachrome formation. Moreover, numerous herbs exhibited the potent antioxidant activities, including Ocimum gratissimum, Canarium album, Melaleuca alternifolia and Origanum majorana. Therefore, these results of this study may help us to recognize the potentialities of these herbal aqueous aromatic extracts in future.

Key words: Antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity, aqueous aromatic extract, herbs, inhibition of dopachrome formation.
Development of a HIFU Phantom

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The field of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is developing rapidly. For basic research, quality control, and regulatory assessment a reusable phantom that has both thermal and acoustic properties close to that of soft tissue is critical. A hydrogel‐based tissue mimicking material (TMM) has been developed that shows promise for such a phantom. The acoustic attenuation, speed of sound, B/A, thermal diffusivity and conductivity, as well as the cavitation threshold, were measured and found to mimic published values for soft tissue. The attenuation of 0.53f1.04 from 1 MHz to 8 MHz, as well as the sound speed of 1565 m/s and the tissue‐like image quality, indicate the usefulness of the TMM for ultrasound imaging applications. These properties along with the thermal conductivity of 0.58 W/m‐ °C, diffusivity of 0.15 (mm2)/s, and the ability to withstand temperatures above 95 °C make this material appropriate for HIFU applications. The TMM also allows for the embedding of thermocouples and the formation of wall‐less vessels that do not deteriorate as a result of continuous flow of blood mimicking fluids through the material. Tissue characteristics are strongly dependent on the fabrication technique, and care must be taken to achieve reproducible results. Note: This research was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA).
Improved bond behavior of CFRP-steel composites by novel film adhesive at room and elevated temperatures

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A novel film adhesive was proposed to bond carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminas to steel substrates to improve comprehensive bonding performances in terms of bond strength, toughness and high-temperature behavior. This film adhesive was shown to possess excellent high-temperature resistance via dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). CFRP-steel double-lap joints (DLJs) were experimentally studied at room and elevated temperatures, focusing on the failure modes, effective bond length, bond-slip relationship, and bond strength. The results show that the film-adhesive bonded joints failed with CFRP delamination. The bonding interface has an effective bond length of approximately 65 mm, beyond which no increase of ultimate load can be achieved with the increase of bond length. The bond-slip relationship of the film-adhesive bonding interface exhibits a trapezoidal (ductile) shape at room temperature (25℃), which transfers to bilinear or bilinear-like shapes at elevated temperatures. It is also found that the joint bond strength can retain 96% at 70℃ compared with that at 25℃. In all, bonding interfaces with superior strength, ductility, and high-temperature resistance in CFRP-steel composites are achieved by using the new film adhesive.
AN INCIDENT OF BILATERAL MASTODYNIA AFTER THE MENOPAUSE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract. A 54‐year‐old postmenopausal woman is described who quite suddenly experienced intense tenderness and tension in both breasts lasting for about 3 weeks. Subsequently she had a uterine bleeding. Excessively increased levels of estradiol (peak value 2 325 pmol/1) were found during the period of mastodynia. Seven months previous to this event, hyperthyroidism had been diagnosed. She had, however, been treated with porpylthiouracil and was euthyroid long before and during the period of mastodynia.
Early local neutralization of CC16 in sepsis‑induced ALI following blunt chest trauma leads to delayed mortality without benefitting overall survival

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Blunt thoracic trauma (TxT) is a common injury pattern in polytraumatized patients. When combined with a secondary trigger, TxT often results in acute lung injury (ALI), which negatively affects outcomes. Recent findings suggest that ALI is caused by both local and systemic inflammatory reactions. Club cell protein (CC)16 is an anti‑inflammatory peptide associated with lung injury following TxT. Recently, the anti‑inflammatory properties of endogenous CC16 in a murine model of TxT with subsequent cecal‑ligation and puncture (CLP) as the secondary hit were demonstrated by our group. The present study aimed to determine whether CC16 neutralization improves survival following 'double‑hit'‑induced ALI. For this purpose, a total of 120 C57BL/6N mice were subjected to TxT, followed by CLP after 24 h. Sham‑operated animals underwent anesthesia without the induction of TxT + CLP. CC16 neutralization was performed by providing a CC16 antibody intratracheally following TxT (early) or following CLP (late). Survival was assessed in 48 animals for 6 days after CLP. Sacrifice was performed 6 or 24 h post‑CLP to evaluate the anti‑inflammatory effect of CC16. The results revealed that CC16 neutralization enhanced pro‑inflammatory CXCL1 levels, thereby confirming the anti‑inflammatory characteristics of CC16 in this model. Early CC16 neutralization immediately following TxT significantly prolonged survival within 60 h; however, the survival rate did not change until 6 days post‑trauma. Late CC16 neutralization did not provide any survival benefits. On the whole, the present study demonstrated that neutralizing CC16 confirmed its anti‑inflammatory potential in this double‑hit ALI model. Early CC16 neutralization prolonged survival within 60 h; however, no survival benefits were observed after 6 days post‑CLP in any group.
Headaches and their relationship to sleep.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Despite the complex influences of normal sleep physiology and sleep disorders on the development or presentation of headache, it is important to recognize and understand these relationships. Successful outcomes depend on the provision of treatment interventions specifically directed toward each condition. Nocturnal or early morning headaches that are associated with OSA are often eradicated after the sleep disorder is successfully managed with CPAP, oral appliances, or surgery. Substantial improvement in headache can also result from the successful management of other sleep disorders that may incite headaches such as heavy snoring, PLMS, or the various forms of insomnia. To improve headache patterns associated with bruxism and TMD, it is often necessary to formulate a multidisciplinary treatment approach that combines oral appliance therapy, stress management, biofeedback, oromandibular physical therapy, and, at times, pharmacologic treatment (i.e., tricyclic antidepressant, intramuscular botulinum toxin injections). There are still many gaps in the understanding of the interrelationships of sleep physiology and headache pathophysiology. More well-designed clinical trials are needed so that enough data can be amassed for the formulation of evidence-based guidelines or consensus statements that can better delineate the identification, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment of sleep-related headache disorders and headaches that develop as a consequence of disordered sleep.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Livestock and Human

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

4 Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus is a zoonotic well versed bacterial species. It produces plethora of infections along various localization sites all over the body equally in animals and humans. So the study directed to investigate the extent of S. aureus in wound lesions of animals and humans, probe their antimicrobial susceptibility behavior against antimicrobial agents of veterinary and human medicine concern and determine the relatedness of the recovered isolates comparing their genetic assortment by RAPD fingerprinting. S. aureus was recovered from wounds of both animals and humans. In animals the highest S. aureus recovery rate was noted in equine surgical wounds and in relation to animal species also equine showed the topmost recovery rate followed by bovine and lasted by ovine wound lesions. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed high rate of methicillin resistance, clindamycin resistance and multidrug resistance in S. aureus of both animal and human origins. Vancomycin resistance appeared in S. aureus of animal but not in those of human origin. Necessitate actions are needed to identify causes behind vancomycin resistant S. aureus in animals for antimicrobial stewardship and prevent jump to humans. RAPD revealed the probability of S. aureus broadcast back and forth between animals and humans in addition to the opportunity of wound multi-infection with more than one strain of S. aureus.
Perception of the Degree of Importance of Teacher’s Professional Competences from the Perspective of Teacher and Head Teacher in the Evaluation Process of Educational Efficiency

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The research study concentrates on the detection of perception of the degree of importance of selected teacher’s professional competences in the teacher’s evaluation process, i.e. teacher’s success in teaching. Perception of the degree of importance of professional competences of teachers is realized depending on the variables teacher versus head teacher and the degree of importance (1–5). We set up the hypothesis that there are differences in the perception of the importance degree of teacher’s professional competences with respect to teacher and head teacher. We based our assumption on Frey’s evaluation theory, or diagnosis of teacher’s competences and Bandura’s theory of self-efficacy. The research was conducted with 730 respondents from among teachers and 146 respondents from among head teachers of primary and secondary schools in Slovakia during the period from September 2015 to January 2016. Teacher’s perception of the degree of importance of teacher’s professional competences we surveyed using the Teacher’s competence assessment questionnaire for teachers and the head teacher’s perception of the degree of importance teacher’s professional competences using the Teacher’ competence assessment questionnaire for head teachers. The questionnaires were developed within the research project APVV-14-0446 Evaluation of teacher’s competences. We found out that the teachers’ and head teachers’ perception of the degree of importance of various teachers’ professional competences is different. The perception differs in the following professional competences: can identify psychological and social factors of pupil’s learning, can plan and implement their own professional development, can use material resources in the teaching process.
Geomagnetic Paleointensity Fluctuation Revealed from Marine Sediment Cores: A Perspective as the Part of Earth System

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Geomagnetic paleointensity variations can continuously be estimated using marine sediment cores having relatively uniform magnetic properties. The occurrence of large paleointensity fluctuations with periods on the order of 103 to 104 years has been recently established. The ages of paleointensity lows often correspond to those of geomagnetic excursions that have been reported so far. These results have changed our view of the geomagnetic field : it is rather unstable even within periods of constant polarity. Arguments have begun based on paleointensity records as to whether the Earth's orbital parameters and/or paleoclimate modulates the geomagnetic field. Discoveries of the Milankovitch orbital frequencies in paleomagnetic records have been reported, whereas some researchers have postulated that such frequencies are artifact caused by magnetic-property changes in sediments induced by paleoclimatic changes. It is necessary to evaluate the effect of magnetic property changes with a detailed comparison between paleointensity and magnetic properties using sediments that responded differently to paleoclimate changes : for example, between sediments with a magnetic grain-size increase in glacial periods and those with a grain-size decrease during the same period of time. The geomagnetic field produces a shielding effect in the influx of high-energy galactic cosmic rays, and a change in field intensity causes a corresponding change in the production rate of cosmogenic radionuclides. The major part of the variations in the atmospheric 14C/12C ratio during the past 50 kyrs is explained by the paleointensity changes. Studies on high-resolution paleointensity estimation are hence useful for calibration of radiocarbon timescales and a better understanding of global carbon-cycle changes. Recently, a relationship among Solar activity, influx of cosmic-rays, and climatic changes in the order of 101 to 102 years has been discussed intensively. The geomagnetic field might have modulated climatic changes over a longer timescale because its large fluctuation in the order of 103 to 104 years should have caused significant variations in the influx of cosmic rays.
Health Management in Personnel Exposed to Radiation in the Company’s Operations

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The oil and gas industry consists of a number of risky operational activities, including those resulting in exposure to ionizing sources. Activities where such exposure occurs can be considered the most dangerous if personnel do not comply with the operational preventive procedures, have adequate training, or if the company does not have the proper equipment.As a result of these risks, several companies within the oil and gas industry have implemented corporate standards and procedures that are to be followed by all personnel who come into direct, or indirect, contact with radioactive sources. Each country has strict legal requirements for procedures on how to monitor the employee health.Company medical teams have determined that improvements to current monitoring procedures should be made to further protect employee health from exposure to radiation sources by developing a more strict medical surveillance system that goes beyond just meeting local and international requirements.The preventive health management program developed for employees exposed to radiation was designed as a regional initiative pilot for Latin American countries. This paper discusses what this system contains, how it was implemented, the advantages and benefits resulting from company operations in addition to the organization's adherence to legal and local requirements.This health program was principally focused on the continuous medical monitoring of conditions to assess the effects of working with ionizing sources and to ensure that the worker's health status do not constitute a danger to himself, his co-workers, or people connected with the company.
A new approach to simulation debugging environment construction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a new method for constructing a simulation debugging environment (SDE) of embedded computer (EC) software. The method uses a behavior abstract specification, automatic program generation and reuse techniques for constructing a new type of SDE efficiently and rapidly. After introducing a basic structure of SDE, the paper proposes a specification model for ordinary ECs and the main parts of the implemented system. The experiment has shown that the proposed method has greatly increased the efficiency for constructing SDE software.