jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Tumor DNA Content in Primary and Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We performed this study to determine if tumor DNA content was an independent prognostic indicator in patients with primary tumors or hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. We analyzed tumor DNA content by flow cytometry from paraffin-embedded specimens in 133 patients. In the 77 patients with primary colorectal cancer who had had "curative" resection, DNA content of the tumor was an independent prognostic indicator in predicting both relapse-free and overall survival. Logistics regression analysis demonstrated that aneuploidy, ie, tumors that exhibited a population of cells with an "abnormal" DNA content, was the single most important variable in predicting both recurrence and death from disease, even more important than stage. However, in 56 patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer, the DNA content of the liver metastases bore no relationship to the patients' survival or their response to therapy. These data suggest that tumor DNA content is an important prognostic indicator in patients with primary colorectal carcinoma but does not reflect the natural history of patients with liver metastases.
Glycolysis of Rigid Polyurethane Foam under Various Reaction Conditions

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The dissolution time of rigid polyurethane foam (PUF) under various glycolysis conditions was examined in a detailed investigation of the glycolysis reactivity of PUF. PUF dissolution depended on the molecular weight of glycol. Dipropylene glycol and tetraethylene glycol dissolved PUF in the shortest time among polypropylene glycols and polyethylene glycols, respectively. PUF dissolution time was reduced to one-half for each 10 C rise in the range of 170–200 C. Also PUF dissolution time was inverselyproportional to KOH (catalyst) concentration. Dibutyltindilaurate concentration had less influence on PUF dissolution time than KOH concentration. Smaller PUF particles dissolved in a shorter time. Especially, the initial glycolysis conversion of PUF was proportional to the total surface area of PUF particles.
G. Kreisel. A variant to Hilbert's theory of the foundations of arithmetic. The British journal for the philosophy of science, vol. 4 (1953–1954), pp. 107–129. See Errata and corrigenda, ibid., p 357.

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

G. Kreisel. A variant to Hilbert's theory of the foundations of arithmetic. The British journal for the philosophy of science, vol. 4 (1953–1954), pp. 107–129. See Errata and corrigenda, ibid., p 357. - Volume 22 Issue 3
Time Use, College Attainment, and The Working-from-Home Revolution

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

I demonstrate that the profound change in working from home (WFH) in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic is concentrated among individuals with college degrees.Relative to 2015-19, the number of minutes worked from home on "post-pandemic" (August 2021-December 2022) weekdays increased by 78 minutes for college graduates; for non-graduates, it was 22 minutes.The share of work done at home (for those who worked at all) increased by 22% for graduates and 7% for non-graduates.Average minutes worked changed little for either group.Daily time spent traveling (e.g., commuting) fell by 21 minutes for college graduates and 6 minutes for non-graduates.I examine how time-use patterns change for college graduates relative to non-graduates over the same period.College graduates experience a relative shift from eating out to eating at home, an increase in free time, and an increase in time spent with children, with the latter effect being concentrated among fathers.Thus, while the gender gap in childcare among college graduates may be diminished by the WFH revolution, gaps in children's outcomes by parents' college attainment may be exacerbated by it.
Hippocampal diffusion abnormality after febrile status epilepticus is related to subsequent epilepsy

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Objective To assess hippocampal signal changes on diffusion‐weighted imaging ( DWI ) during the acute period after febrile status epilepticus ( FSE ) and to examine the relationship between DWI and subsequent epilepsy. Methods A prospective, multicenter study of children with a first episode of FSE was performed. The patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) within 3 days of FSE , and signal intensity was evaluated on DWI . Electroencephalography studies within 3 days of FSE were also assessed. Nine to 13 years after FSE , information on subsequent epilepsy was obtained. Results Twenty‐two children with FSE were evaluated. DWI showed unilateral hippocampal hyperintensity in six patients (27%). Three of six patients with hippocampal hyperintensity had ipsilateral thalamic hyperintensity. On EEG within 3 days of FSE , five of six patients with hippocampal hyperintensity had ipsilateral focal slowing, spikes, or attenuation. Nine to 13 years later, the outcomes could be determined in five patients with hippocampal hyperintensity and in 10 without. All 5 patients with hippocampal hyperintensity had hippocampal atrophy and developed focal epilepsy, whereas only 1 of 10 patients without hippocampal hyperintensity developed epilepsy ( P = 0.002). Ictal semiology was concordant with temporal lobe seizures in all patients. Ipsilateral temporal epileptiform abnormalities were seen on EEG in four of five at last follow‐up. Significance Acute DWI hippocampal hyperintensity was seen in 27% of patients with FSE . Acute DWI hyperintensity suggests cytotoxic edema caused by prolonged seizure activity. Hippocampal DWI hyperintensity is related to mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and can be a target of neuroprotective treatments to prevent the onset of epilepsy.
In the Skin of the City

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

With In the Skin of the City, António Tomás traces the history and transformation of Luanda, Angola, the nation’s capital as well as one of the oldest settlements founded by the European colonial powers in the Southern Hemisphere. Drawing on ethnographic and archival research alongside his own experiences growing up in Luanda, Tomás shows how the city’s physical and social boundaries—its skin—constitute porous and shifting interfaces between center and margins, settler and Native, enslaver and enslaved, formal and informal, and the powerful and the powerless. He focuses on Luanda’s “asphalt frontier”—the (colonial) line between the planned urban center and the ad hoc shantytowns that surround it—and the ways squatters are central to Luanda’s historical urban process. In their relationship with the state and their struggle to gain rights to the city, squatters embody the process of negotiating Luanda’s divisions and the sociopolitical forces that shape them. By illustrating how Luanda emerges out of the continual redefinition of its skin, Tomás offers new ways to understand the logic of urbanization in cities across the global South.
Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy Use in the STRONG-HF Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Assessment of medication changes in heart failure trials and registries is complex and may not capture the entirety of care. A comprehensive and standardized method is needed. We used different methods to assess the use of guideline-directed medical therapies (GDMT) and verified the association between GDMT intensity score with the STRONG-HF trial (Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Rapid Optimization, Helped by NT-proBNP Testing of Heart Failure Therapies) clinical outcomes. METHODS: We used data from the STRONG-HF trial to examine the baseline GDMT use for all randomized patients by applying the GDMT intensity score and evaluated its change over time. We also examined their basic adherence, indication-corrected adherence, and dose-corrected adherence, and the association with clinical outcomes up to 180 days. RESULTS: At 90 days, triple therapy indication-corrected use increased from 4.5% to 36% in the usual care group, and from 5.2% to 93.5% in the high-intensity care group ( P <0.001 between the 2 groups). Triple therapy dose-corrected use increased from 4.5% to 20.5% in the usual care group, and from 3.3% to 77.4% in the high-intensity care group ( P <0.001). The GDMT intensity score at baseline was <6 in 358 (33%) patients, 6 to 7 in 329 (31%) patients, and >7 in 386 (36%) patients. At 90 days, 88.4% of patients in the high-intensity arm achieved a score >7 versus 14.3% in the usual care arm ( P <0.0001). The GDMT intensity score was correlated with clinical outcomes at 180 days. CONCLUSIONS: The GDMT intensity score provides a comprehensive description of medication use by means of standardized measurements and is linked to clinical outcomes. Future studies should consider utilizing this as a trial end point. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT03412201.
Repair Initiation by Advanced Non-heritage Korean Learners

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Taking a conversation analytic perspective, this study examines advanced non-heritage Korean learners' repair initiation practices. By examining interaction between Korean native speakers (NSs) and nonnative speakers (NNSs), the study particularly addresses two questions: 1) Is there any similarity and/or difference between NSs and NNSs in terms of their repair practices? 2) Is there any similarity and/or difference between advanced and lower level speakers in terms of their repair practices? In terms of repair initiation format, NNSs display a similar preference with NSs. However, in their responses to the repair initiations, we found a different pattern between NSs and NNSs. Speakers sometimes employ different repair initiation formats from target issues. While NNSs tend to rely more on the surface format in interpreting the repair initiations, NSs frequently notice the discrepancy and interpret hearing repair initiations as understanding problems. Advanced Korean learners show some differences from lower level speakers in terms of preferred other-repair initiation formats. They produce most understanding repair initiations whereas the lower level speakers produce substantially more hearing repair initiations. Also, advanced speakers tend to use 'questioning-repeat', as a turn-holder, mostly in the subsequent turn to a NS's question.
Imaging the Area of Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling after Macular Hole Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The aim of this study was to compare en-face optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO) imaging at different wavelengths to identify the internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling area after primary surgery with vitrectomy and ILM peeling for macular hole (MH). Methods: In total, 50 eyes of 50 consecutive patients who underwent primary surgery with vitrectomy and ILM peeling for MH were studied. The true ILM rhexis based on intraoperative color fundus photography was compared to the presumed ILM rhexis identified by a blinded examiner using en-face OCT imaging and cSLO images at various wavelengths. To calculate the fraction of overlap (FoO), the common intersecting area and the total of both areas were measured. Results: The FoO for the measured areas was 0.93 ± 0.03 for en-face OCT, 0.76 ± 0.06 for blue reflectance (BR; 488 nm), 0.71 ± 0.09 for green reflectance (GR; 514 nm), 0.56 ± 0.07 for infrared reflectance (IR; 815 nm) and 0.73 ± 0.06 for multispectral (MS). The FoO in the en-face OCT group was significantly higher than in all other groups, whereas the FoO in the IR group was significantly lower compared to all other groups. No significant differences were observed in FoO among the MS, BR, and GR groups. In en-face OCT, there was no significant change in the ILM peeled area measured intraoperatively and postoperatively (8.37 ± 3.01 vs. 8.24 ± 2.81 mm2; p = 0.8145). Nasal-inferior foveal displacement was observed in 38 eyes (76%). Conclusions: En-face OCT imaging demonstrates reliable postoperative visualization of the ILM peeled area. Although the size of the ILM peeling remains stable after one month, our findings indicate a notable inferior-nasal shift of the overall ILM peeling area towards the optic disc.
Determination of Swertiamarin in linearleaf gentian from different habitats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: To etermine the content of Swertiamarin in linearleaf gentian from different regions and provide experiment basis for scientific assessment. Methods: A reversed-phase HPLC method was established, the samples were injected into ZORBAX Edipse XDB-C18capillary column; Mobile phase:methanol and water(37∶63); Flow rate:0.8 mL·min-1; Determine wavelength:240 nm; Temperature:30 ℃. Results:Swertiamarin had a good linear relationship with the peak area in the range of 0.038 μg-0.375 μg, the average recovery rate was 98.8% with RSD of 1.13%(n=6). The content of Swertiamarin from high to low was Maxian Mountains, Huangyuan County of Qinghai Province, Sanke Grasslands of Gansu Province, Nyingchi Prefecture of Tibet, Xiahe County of Gansu Province, Henan Province and Hezuo City of Gansu Province.Conclusion:The method is simple and accurate with good reproducibility, so it can be used to determine the content of Swertiamarin in linearleaf gentian.
In silico investigation of binding propensity of hematoxylin derivative and damnacanthal for their potential inhibitory effect on HIV-1 Vpr from different subtypes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

HIV-1, the causative agent of AIDS leads to many deaths worldwide though few options are available as therapeutics. To deal with the continuous mutation in the virus genome, requirement of new drugs is always there. Subtype variation plays a crucial role in case of HIV-1 therapeutics development. In this study, we want to investigate some pre examined molecules that can be effective for HIV-1 VPR. Inhibition of several protein-protein interactions with the small molecules will lead to identify some molecules as therapeutics other than the conventional drugs. We retrieved the sequences of different subtypes from the database and representative sequences were identified. Representative structures were modelled and validated using MD simulations. Forty molecules, showing anti Vpr activity in vitro were identified from literature survey and those were docked with each subtype representative structures. Two molecules a stable Hematoxylin Derivative (SHD) and Damnacanthal (D3), these were shown to be bind more effectively for all the subtypes. The stability of the protein and those two small molecule complexes were identified again with MD simulation followed by the binding energy calculation. Thus, these molecules can be thought as any option other than the conventional drug targeting HIV-1 Vpr.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Water productivity and growth parameters of Fawn-tall fescue and Tekapo-orchard grass under deficit irrigation in arid zones

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract This study aimed to determine the drought stress response of Fawn-tall fescue and Tekapo-orchard grass and investigate a drought stress resistance marker. Grass genotypes were grown under four Irrigation treatments I1 equivalent to 0.3 standard crop evapotranspiration (ETc), I2 equivalent to 0.65 ETc, I3 equivalent to 0.75 ETc, and I4 equivalent to 1.2 ETc. Plant height, fresh weight, dry weight were measured and the Water productivity (WP) were calculated. The results showed a reduction in the growth of both grass genotypes as the drought stress increased as indicated by the shorter plants and reduction in fresh and dry weight. However, the WP results showed that the Fawn-tall fescue endured the drought stress better than the Tekapo-orchard grass as indicated by the constant values of the plant WP across the tested irrigation treatments. The results was confirmed by the amplification of dehydrin genes where Fawn-tall fescue was found to be homozygous for dehydrin genes.
Machine Learning Approaches for Depression Detection in Reddit Communities: A Hybrid Two-Phase Methodology Combining Topic Modeling and Supervised Classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Description: This repository contains the complete source code for the Machine Learning pipeline detailed in the research article, designed for the automated detection of high-risk content ("Death/Die" cluster) within Reddit depression communities. The Jupyter Notebook (Modelo Final Para Giithub.ipynb) implements a reproducible, hybrid methodology that spans from data preparation to final model evaluation, focusing critically on managing class imbalance. Key Work Performed in the Notebook: Data Loading and Preprocessing: Loading of the Reddit comments dataset and creation of the numerical target variable based on the previously identified high-risk cluster (Cluster 2). Enriched Feature Engineering: Construction of a robust feature set that combines: Sparse text features (TF-IDF), with dimensionality reduction using TruncatedSVD (200 components). Pre-calculated thematic features (Topics). Pre-calculated dense embeddings (Sentence-Transformers). Class Imbalance Management: Application of a hybrid resampling strategy (SMOTE + Undersampling) with a stratified data split (60% Train, 20% Validation, 20% Test). Optimization and Modeling: Use of Optuna alongside Stratified Cross-Validation to optimize the hyperparameters of the LightGBM classifier (maximizing the F1-Score). Threshold Fine-Tuning: Optimization of the model's decision threshold on the validation set to maximize the F1-Score before final evaluation. Final Evaluation: Validation of the model's performance on the test set, demonstrating exceptional results for the detection of the minority class. This code provides a step-by-step guide to replicate the supervised detection module of the study, offering a valuable framework for future research in online mental health monitoring. Note: The original Reddit Depression Dataset used as the starting point for this study can be found here: Kausish, R. (2024). Reddit Depression Dataset [Data set]. Kaggle. https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/rishabhkausish/reddit-depression-dataset/data
Supplementary Material for: Geographical Distribution of Emergency Services Times in Traffic Accidents in Extremadura

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: To analyze the response time and transport time taken by the emergency medical services (EMS), considering their urban or rural location, to attend traffic accident casualties that occurred in the different geographical areas of Extremadura (Spain) from 2012 to 2015. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of the data recorded by the Emergency Response Coordination Center 112 (ERCC-112) from traffic accidents attended by EMS. Response time was defined as the time elapsed from the request-for-care receipt until arrival of the EMS at the accident scene, and transport time as that from leaving the scene until arrival to the referral hospital. Rural EMS were those based in locations where there is no hospital, and urban EMS those located in towns or cities with a hospital. Results: During the 4-year period studied, 5,572 traffic accidents requested assistance through the ERCC-112. From the 2,875 accidents (51.9%) in which EMS were mobilized, 55.4% occurred in urban roads and the remaining in interurban ones. A total of 113 people (mean age 48.4 ± 19.0 years, range 15–84 years) died at the accident scene or before arrival to the hospital, 88.5% of them in interurban accidents. The average response time of urban and rural EMS was 10.7 ± 7.3 and 18.0 ± 12.6 min (p < 0.001), respectively, and the average transport time was 13.2 ± 11.7 and 45.2 ± 25.0 min (p = 0.009). Response time was longer than the 30-min optimum only in the most peripheral areas of Extremadura, while transport time exceeded the optimum of 90 min in the eastern regions of two health areas (Cáceres and Don Benito-Villanueva). 19.1% of the victims attended by rural EMS were classified as having a serious prognosis or as having died, as compared with 11.2% (p = 0.048) of those attended by urban EMS. Conclusions: The geographical location of EMS in Extremadura (Spain) guarantees adequate response times in traffic accidents, both in rural and urban areas. However, recommended transport times were occasionally exceeded in the most peripheral areas, due to hospital location.
Viewing languages through multilingual corpora, with special reference to the generic person in English, German, and Norwegian

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper explores three types of correspondence relations in a multilingual translation corpus: translations, sources, and parallels. German structures of the type man sieht, with the generic subject man and a perception verb, are compared with (1) their translations into English and Norwegian, (2) the sources in English and Norwegian texts which give rise to such structures in German translations, and (3) the parallel translations in English and Norwegian where German man is introduced in the translation from the other language. Although similar means are available in the three languages, there are important differences, particularly between German and English. For German and Norwegian the three correspondence relations produce the same overall pattern, for German and English the patterns vary greatly with the type of correspondence relation. The multilingual comparison throws the characteristics of the languages into relief, so that we can see similarities and differences more clearly and in more detail.
Factors Influencing of SSCM Performance of Indian Insurance Industry

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In to-days economy, Service Supply Chain Management draws surprisingly more attention and insurance sector is one among them. Here the study is an attempt to overcome the challenges that impacts the effectiveness, efficiency and success of SSCM of Indian Insurance Industry. To show the hierarchical interrelationship among the selected significant factors of Insurance Industry an integrated comprehensive frame work has been developed, displayed and explained through an interpretive structural modeling (ISM) technique. Beneath the study various classification of influential factors have been carried out like Autonomous, linkage, Dependencies and Driving force. Finally this study developed a hierarchical structure of selected prominent factors responsible for the success of SSCM of Indian Insurance Industry by using ISM technique. The findings so drawn from the study can be used by the Indian Insurers and Foreign Insurers.
Modeling the sugar cane logistics from farm to mill

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

A continuous and discrete system gets distinct approach from modelers, since both have very particular characteristics. Some simulation tools are specialized in one system or another, but the great majority fo-cuses on discrete modeling. However, there are many hybrid systems where a continuous process inter-faces with discrete. Despite being possible to model both systems with particular modeling tools, they have to be properly connected. An example of hybrid system is the ethanol production chain, where the transport of the raw material sugar cane has important interactions between the main components of the chain, where there is exchange of equipment, transport and interface of continuous systems with discrete, and vice versa. This study presents the algorithms and techniques used to model the logistics operations of the Alcohol/Sugar producer Raízen, developed using the SIMIO simulation tool. 1