jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
European Network on Indicators of Social Quality

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper presents a first set of data for the theoretical elements that have been developed for Social Quality in the Netherlands. The four social quality conditional factors (Socio-economic Security, Social Cohesion, Social Inclusion and Social Empowerment) will be addressed in an individual paragraph. The last paragraph describes a recent policy initiative that is relevant from the perspective of Social Quality. Emphasis is placed on the fact that policy initiatives frequently constitute a trade off between different components of Social Quality and benefits and costs have to be weighed carefully.
Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. convar. parvibaccatum Lehm. var. cerasiforme (Dunal) Alef., LYC 1307

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

PGRFA accession of IPK Gatersleben Plant Genetic Resource Taxon: Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. convar. parvibaccatum Lehm. var. cerasiforme (Dunal) Alef. Accession number: LYC 1307 Conserved by: DEU146 Acquisition: 1972 Origin country: USA Biological status: Breeding/research material MLS status: Unknown AEGIS status: Not included Historic: No
Evaluation of Biotype 4 <em>Aphis glycines</em> (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Induced Susceptibility on Soybean and Soja

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Soybean aphids have been a significant pest of soybeans in North America since 2000. Before 2000, soybeans did not face significant insect pest pressure from any arthropods with piercing-sucking mouthparts. It is estimated that economic damage from soybean aphids range from $1billion to $4.7 billion annually. Research efforts focused on the identification of host plant resistance genes in soybean and discovered many resistant to Aphis glycines genes (i.e., Rag genes) in soybean. However, the adoption of commercially released Rag soybean cultivars has been limited. The prospect of management with Rag genes was further complicated by the identification of three virulent soybean aphid biotypes. Currently, biotype 4 is the greatest threat to management using Rag genes because it can colonize soybean containing Rag1, Rag2, Rag1+Rag2 or Rag1+Rag2+Rag4 genes. Previous studies have determined that soybean aphids illicit an induced susceptibility response in soybean. For example, virulent soybean aphid biotypes can obviate the resistance provided by Rag genes thereby allowing for the colonization by otherwise avirulent biotypes. This phenomenon was initially documented for biotype 1 and biotype 2 but not for biotype 4. In the first study we examined biotype 4 on Rag genes and found induced susceptibility. We then performed a second study that was an induced susceptibility screen using three plant introductions of soja with identified soybean aphid host plant resistance. We determined that induced susceptibility occurs on soja as well.
Effects of Yangwei Powder on Prostaglandin, Somatostatin and Motilin Content in Rat Gastrointestinal Mucosa

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Yangwei Powder is an effective formula for chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer. To explore its therapeutic mechanism at the level of molecular biology, the contents of prostaglandin (PG), somatostatin (SS) and motilin (MTL) in rat gastrointestinal mucosa were detected by radioimmunoassay. Thirty SD rats were allocated to three groups: normal control group (n=10), indomethacin group (n=10) and Yangwei Powder group (n=10). Rat model with gastrointestinal mucosal injury was induced by administration of indomethacin for 2 days. Yangwei Powder was given for 10 days after the establishment of rat model. The results showed that Yangwei Powder significantly increased the contents of PG (249.42± 89.35 ?ng·L -1 ), SS(2.02±0.83?ng·L -1 ) and MTL (98.82±29.31?ng·L -1 ), the differences being significant (P 0.01 ) as compared with indomethacin group. It is indicated that increase of PG, SS and MTL secretion may be one of the mechanisms of Yangwei Powder for the improvement of barrier action of gastrointestinal musoca.
Theory of Optical Absorption and Magnetic Circular Dichroism for the Vibration-Induced Band (B-Band) of Tl+-Like Centers in Alkali Halides

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The line shape functions for the B-band with and without the effect of magnetic field are studied theoretically by use of the perturbation theory and the classical Franck-Condon approximation. The sum of the linear electron-lattice interaction and the Zeeman energy is treated as the perturbing Hamiltonian through which the mixing of the A- and C-states into the B-state occurs. Because of its vibration-dependent transition moments, the B-band is found to have the following characteristics. Although the T 2 g mode is responsible for the structure of the absorption spectrum, the E g mode gives the similar shape of the magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectrum to that due to the T 2 g mode. In comparison with the A- and C-bands, the structure of the absorption spectrum is indistinct, while the shape of the MCD spectrum is complicated and very strange. The calculated spectra explain satisfactorily the experimental ones.
Dmitry A. Zhdanov ― the Founder of the Functional Anatomy of the Lymphatic System (to the 110th Birth Anniversary)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

D.A. Zhdanov is the eminent member of Russian anatomy school, member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, great lymphologist, talented master and wise mentor whose 110th jubilee is held this year. Having introduced completely new way of teaching and learning anatomy, Zhdanov expanded knowledge of functions and structure of lymphatic system, presented new information unknown before and determined direction of further studies for his disciples. Being the founder of functional anatomy of the lymphatic system, D.A. Zhdanov brought up a lot of scientists of morphology who developed the aspects he had noticed. The article reveals main directions of Zhdanov’s occupation and activity (studying the lymphatic system, mentorship and tutorship); major findings and methods which he used in his researche works; his interesting and many-sided personality. The article also describes works of D.A. Zhdanov in other scientific areas such as history of medicine and art, analyzes his international scientific work and role in formation of the Russian anatomy school, presents some biographical data, description of researches and recollections of colleagues.
Creating research-based design principles for interdisciplinary learning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Over the last decade, the focus of K-12 and higher education has shifted significantly from disciplinary curricula to diverse interdisciplinary learning options. This has raised new questions about how people learn across disciplines. One of the biggest concerns is that interdisciplinary courses lack robust theoretical and pedagogical grounding, and research that informs design is particularly needed. However, such research requires bringing a range of different conceptual, pedagogical, and methodological ideas together. The main aim of this workshop is to articulate foundational ideas and methods for creating research-based design principles for interdisciplinary learning. It brings two main audiences: 1) those who are interested in the substantial questions of interdisciplinary learning, and 2) those who are interested in the methodological questions of creating research-based actionable knowledge for design. Workshop participants will work together on producing recommendations on creating research-based design principles for interdisciplinary learning.
Agri-diversity erosion in the North-West Indian Himalayas - Some case studies

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

There is a worldwide concern over the loss of diversity of plant genetic resources. In the past, hills were considered as natural harbour of biodiversity in general and agri-bidoversity in particular mainly due to their inaccessibility and less population pressure. But now the plant genetic resources even in these nature's treasures are being eroded at much faster rate largely due to habitat destruction/alteration, over exploitation, urbanisation and increased population pressure. While conducting surveys in different parts if hills it was observed that two types of genetic erosion have occurred firstly is within the diversity of crop i.e. the substitution of a diverse set of genetically variable landraces by few genetically uniform modern varieties and secondly between crops i.e. the substitution of un-used/under-utilised crops (amaranth, buckwheat, chenopod, small millets and barley by high valued cash crops like green pea, hops, potato and apple). Other associated factors such as changed food habits, depletion in the diversity of agricultural related animals have also been found responsible to narrowing the agricultural horizon. Several landraces, which were there in the farmer's field in 1977–78, were found totally eroded in the year 1997–98.
Histopathological and Histomorphometric studies on the effects of Olanzapine on Testis: An experimental study in Albino Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Introduction: Toxic effects of an antipsychotic drug on male gonad were explored experimentally. Olanzapine, an antipsychotic drug, has affinity for a wide range of receptors posing danger to the large variety of organs. Since olanzapine can bind to these receptors, a direct effect of these drugs on spermatogenesis is possible. Therefore testis, an organ least attended, has been selected in the present study. Material and Methods: Two groups of animals of the equal number were designed in such a way that the first group acted as control and second group acted as experimental. After histopathological comparison in the tissue of the testis, histomorphometric analysis was also performed to support the former. Twelve albino male rats were divided into two groups of six animals each. Olanzapine was injected in experimental rats in a dose of 4 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally for 6 weeks. Sections of both experimental and control testis were examined under light microscope for histopathological findings. Histomorphometric informations were also collected to support the former findings by using ocular and stage micrometers. Student's t-test was used to compare the control testis findings with the single variable experimental one. Results: Experimental testis showed intra and interlobular edema, compressed seminiferous tubules, thinning and fragmentation of basement membrane. Spermatogenic cells were smudgy and compressed by edema fluid. Blood vessels showed inflammatory cells in the lumen. Discussion and Conclusion: Olanzapine-induced testicular degeneration might lead to reduced libido, a fact of great social impact.
[A case of esophageal papillomatosis in adults].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The authors report the case of a 60 year-old woman patient with esophageal papillomatosis, revealed by slowly progressive dysphagia and digestive hemorrhage. Multiple warty tumors were found at endoscopy, starting at approximately 23 cm from the dental ridge, increasing in size into the lower esophagus where they were responsible for stenosis. Pathological examination demonstrated epithelial proliferation with lengthened papillae, hyperkeratosis, hyperacanthosis and severe dysplasia. No extra-esophageal papillomata were discovered. Subtotal esophagectomy was performed and pathological examination with immune markers suggested a human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. However, search for HPV DNA was negative. To our knowledge, this constitutes the fifth case reported in the literature. The principal problem posed by this rare disease is the possible association with and/or progression to carcinoma, the diagnosis of which may be difficult, and particularly, with verrucous carcinoma. With this diagnostic uncertainty in mind, the authors suggest total surgical removal of the esophagus in this situation.
Effect of three-body interactions on the vapor-liquid phase equilibria of binary fluid mixtures

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Gibbs-Duhem Monte Carlo simulations are reported for the vapor-liquid phase coexistence of binary argon+krypton mixtures at different temperatures. The calculations employ accurate two-body potentials in addition to contributions from three-body dispersion interactions resulting from third-order triple-dipole interactions. A comparison is made with experiment that illustrates the role of three-body interactions on the phase envelope. In all cases the simulations represent genuine predictions with input parameters obtained independently from sources other than phase equilibria data. Two-body interactions alone are insufficient to adequately describe vapor-liquid coexistence. In contrast, the addition of three-body interactions results in very good agreement with experiment. In addition to the exact calculation of three-body interactions, calculations are reported with an approximate formula for three-body interactions, which also yields good results.
Analisis Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi Petani Karet di Kecamatan Karang Baru Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study aims to determine the analysis of the factors that affect the production of fishermen in Kuala Langsa, West Langsa District, Langsa City. This research was carried out from January 2021 to July 2021. The sources of data collected in the form of primary were obtained through observation, interviews and questionnaires, and secondary data obtained from the Department of Food, Agriculture, Maritime Affairs and Fisheries and the Village Office. The sample of this research is as many as 66 respondents by using data analysis method Purposive Sampling. This research model uses multiple linear analysis using the E-views version 11. The results of the study with a significant level of 5% show that the variable Y = -10,79747 + 4.24X1 + 4.090560X2 + 5.703930X3 + 0.781140X4, from the t-test it can be explained that capital has a positive and significant effect on fishermen's production where the probability value is 0.0005 <0.05. Labor has a positive and significant effect on fishermen's production where the probability value is 0.0016 <0.05. The length of time at sea has a positive and significant effect on fishermen's production where the probability value is 0.0021 <0.05. The size of the fishing area has a positive and significant effect on the production of fishermen where the probability value is 0.0172 <0.05. From the results of the F test, it can be explained that capital (X1), labor (X2), length of time at sea (X3), and wide fishing area (X4) simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on fishermen's production where the probability is 0.000000 < 0 ,05. From the results of the analysis of the coefficient of determination, it can be explained that capital, labor, length of time at sea, and the size of the fishing area affect the production of fishermen in Kuala Langsa by 84.91%, while the remaining 15.91%. This is influenced by other factors outside of this study.
Numerical analysis of circular steel–reinforced concrete-filled steel tubular stub columns

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a computational model for determining the axial responses of short circular steel–reinforced concrete-filled steel tubular (SRCFST) columns. A novel confinement model is formulated for the concrete core, which is effectively confined by the external circular steel tube and the embedded steel section. The modelling scheme of the confinement is programmed using a mathematical model that utilises fibre-element discretisation of column cross-sections. The numerical predictions are verified by experimental measurements and results obtained from finite-element analysis, demonstrating the accuracy of the modelling technology. In addition, existing concrete confinement models for concrete in circular concrete-filled steel tubular columns are assessed. The new confinement model is shown to be superior in replicating the responses of SRCFST columns. The influences of the design parameters on the column's performance are numerically investigated and ranked in order of importance through a sensitivity analysis. In this study, not only is the validity of current design standards in determining the axial load capacity of SRCFST columns examined but a new design formula is also proposed. The proposed confinement model can be employed in numerical procedures for the inelastic simulation of SRCFST columns; the design formula is suitable for use in practical design.
Study of Enhancement of Synthesis of Freon 134a Gas Hydrate During Boiling of Liquefied Gas with Its Simultaneous Stirring with Water

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The paper presents an analysis of the dependence on gas hydrate synthesis on the initial mass of hydrate-forming gas in a method based on explosive boiling of liquefied hydrate-forming gas in a volume of water. An experimental study for two cases is presented: with and without stirring of the working area during decompression. Freon 134a was used as a hydrate-forming gas.
[Primary myxoid liposarcoma of the pericardium].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

患者男,24岁.右胸隐痛4年,加剧4 d,于1997年7月14日入院.患者自1994年起右胸隐痛,活动后尤甚,入院前4 d疼痛加剧,不得不下蹲以图缓解,疼痛呈持续性向右肋及右肩背处放射,无发热、气急等其他症状.体检:心率88次/分,心音低钝,各瓣膜区未闻及病理性杂音及心包摩擦音.左上腹有深压痛,心界右下缘扩大至右锁骨中线。
Hong Kong’s diaspora, networks, and family business in the United Kingdom : a history of the Chinese 'food chain' and the case of W. Wing Yip group.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this article, the authors assess how the Wing Yip group, the leading Chinese enterprise in Britain’s thriving Chinese food sector, has evolved. The key concern of this study is to analyze the nature of the ties between owners of companies in the Chinese food sector as the owners of the major firms in the Chinese food sector are from Hong Kong. This article begins by studying the meanings of Chinese family business networks and the history of the Chinese catering services in the United Kingdom. It assesses the mode of development of this family firm, a major form of corporate ownership among ethnic Chinese in this sector. Among the key issues that is determined is how these Chinese family firms cope with socioeconomic changes within this developed economy. How do members of this Hong Kong diaspora interact with each other? How do their ethnic-based institutions function, and what are the key factors that inform their pattern of business development? The answers to these questions provide important insights into the importance of culture and ethnicity in the development of enterprises among the broader Chinese diaspora.
The Origins of the SPAR-H Method's Performance Shaping Factor Multipliers

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Standardized Plant Analysis Risk-Human Reliability Analysis (SPAR-H) method has proved to be a reliable, easy-to-use method for human reliability analysis. Calculation of human error probability (HEP) rates is especially straightforward, starting with pre-defined nominal error rates for cognitive vs. action oriented tasks, and incorporating performance shaping factor (PSF) multipliers upon those nominal error rates. SPAR-H uses eight PSFs with multipliers typically corresponding to nominal, degraded, and severely degraded human performance for individual PSFs. Additionally, some PSFs feature multipliers to reflect enhanced performance. Although SPAR-H enjoys widespread use among industry and regulators, current source documents on SPAR-H such as NUREG/CR-6883 do not provide a clear account of the origin of these multipliers. The present paper redresses this shortcoming and documents the historic development of the SPAR-H PSF multipliers, from the initial use of nominal error rates, to the selection of the eight PSFs, to the mapping of multipliers to available data sources such as a Technique for Human Error Rate Prediction (THERP). Where error rates were not readily derived from THERP and other sources, expert judgment was used to extrapolate appropriate values. In documenting key background information on the multipliers, this paper provides a much needed cross-reference for human reliability practitioners and researchers of SPAR-H to validate analyses and research findings.
Antimycobacterial and Anticancer Properties of Myrtus communis Leaf Extract

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Plant-derived products or extracts are widely used in folk/traditional medicine to treat several infections, ailments, or disorders. A well-known medicinal herb, Myrtus communis is an evergreen fragrant plant native to the Mediterranean region that has been used for ages in traditional medicine around the world. Materials and methods: The microplate alamarBlue assay and the well diffusion method were used to evaluate the zone of inhibition and MIC, respectively. The double-disc diffusion method was used to investigate the synergy between antibiotics and the extract. The crystal violet method was used to investigate biofilm development. The SulphoRhodamine-B assay and DNA flow cytometry were used to investigate the proliferation and subsequent distribution of cells among different phases of the cell cycle. The apoptotic and necrotic phases of the cancer cells were examined using flow cytometry in conjunction with Annexin V-FITC/PI labeling. Using the IBM SPSS statistical program, a one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test was employed for statistical analysis. Results: The ethanolic leaf extract of M. communis showed a strong growth inhibition effect (zone of inhibition: 20.3 ± 1.1–26.3 ± 2.5 mm, MIC: 4.88–312.5 µg/mL, and MBC: 39.07–1250 μg/mL) against several rapidly growing and slow-growing mycobacterial strains in a dose-dependent manner. Damage to the cell wall of bacterial cells was determined to be the cause of the antimycobacterial action. The extract inhibited biofilm formation (MBIC of 9.7 µg/mL) and eradicated already-formed mature and ultra-mature biofilms of M. smegmatis, with MBEC values of 78 µg/mL and 156 µg/mL, respectively. Additionally, the extract exhibited potent anticancer effects against diverse cancer cell lines of the breast (MCF-7), liver (HepG2), cervix (HeLa), and colon (HCT116) (IC50 for HCT116: 83 ± 2.5, HepG2: 53.3 ± 0.6, MCF-7: 41.5 ± 0.6, and HeLa: 33.3 ± 3.6) by apoptosis after arresting the cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Conclusions: These results suggest that M. communis leaf extract is a potential source of secondary metabolites that could be further developed as potential anticancer and antimycobacterial agents to treat diverse types of cancers and mycobacterial infections.