jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Vascular smooth muscle cell contractile protein expression is increased through protein kinase G-dependent and -independent pathways by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibition and deficiency

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Homeostatic control of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) differentiation is critical for contractile activity and regulation of blood flow. Recently, we reported that precontracted blood vessels are relaxed and the phenotype of VSMC is regulated from a synthetic to contractile state by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) inhibition. In the current study, we investigated whether the increase in the expression of VSMC contractile proteins by inhibition and knockdown of G6PD is mediated through a protein kinase G (PKG)-dependent pathway and whether it regulates blood pressure. We found that the expression of VSMC-restricted contractile proteins, myocardin (MYOCD), and miR-1 and miR-143 are increased by G6PD inhibition or knockdown. Importantly, RNA-sequence analysis of aortic tissue from G6PD-deficient mice revealed uniform increases in VSMC-restricted genes, particularly those regulated by the MYOCD-serum response factor (SRF) switch. Conversely, expression of Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is decreased by G6PD inhibition. Interestingly, the G6PD inhibition-induced expression of miR-1 and contractile proteins was blocked by Rp-β-phenyl-1, N 2 -etheno-8-bromo-guanosine-3′,5′-cyclic monophosphorothioate, a PKG inhibitor. On the other hand, MYOCD and miR-143 levels are increased by G6PD inhibition through a PKG-independent manner. Furthermore, blood pressure was lower in the G6PD-deficient compared with wild-type mice. Therefore, our results suggest that the expression of VSMC contractile proteins induced by G6PD inhibition occurs via PKG1α-dependent and -independent pathways.
FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TWO PHENYLACETYL-COA LIGASES IN BURKHOLDERIA CENOCEPACIA

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Burkholderia cenocepacia causes Cepacia syndrome, a fatal pneumonia that affects Cystic Fibrosis patients. Aromatic degradation has been linked to virulence in B. cenocepacia by insertional mutagenesis of genes involved in phenylacetic acid catabolism. B. cenocepacia has two paralogous copies of PaaK, the phenylacetyl-CoA ligase, which produces PA-CoA, the inducer of the pathway. Our objective was to assess a role for PaaK1 and PaaK2 in PA metabolism and virulence by constructing clean deletion mutants for each gene, and a double paaK mutant, as well as to quantify virulence using the nematode host model. Deletion and complementation of paaK1 revealed no change in killing phenotype. Reporter activity assays revealed PaaK1-dependent induction of the PA pathway 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid but not 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid. Altogether, these results demonstrate that 3-OHPA induces the PA degradation pathway in a paaK1 dependent manner and that PaaK1 is not involved in pathogenicity.
Hydrothorax with Peritoneal Dialysis: Radionuclide Detection of a Pleuro‐peritoneal Connection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary: Unilateral hydrothorax occurring during peritoneal dialysis is well described and has been presumed to be secondary to a pleuro‐peritoneal communication. Diagnosis of these communications usually requires invasive procedures. A non‐invasive method of confirmation of abnormal pleuro‐peritoneal communication using radionuclide scanning is outlined. The occurrence of this complication has usually meant cessation of this type of dialysis. However, this patient illustrates that continuation of peritoneal dialysis is possible.
Information systems for the social administration using the soft systems methodology

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Although information systems are very important for the functioning of social administration and the services provision to citizens, they have not received adequate attention both in the research literature and in real-world implementations. Their complex nature due to the various stakeholders and the variety of different social services they have to deliver, call for a holistic approach in their design, which qualifies the soft systems methodology as the appropriate tool for designing such systems. To support this argument and pave the way for online integrated information systems in social administration, this paper shows how to apply the first four steps of SSM onto a general social administration context, and proposes a conceptual model of an information system in the area of childcare services as an example.
Fluoro Hydrogen Peroxide: A Plausible Molecular Form of Naturally-Occurring Fluorine

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Fluorine's hostile nucleosynthetic environment makes it one of the least common elements and, consequently, understudied both on the earth and in the interstellar medium (ISM). However, the presence of fluorine-containing species in both the ISM and in the earth's atmosphere necessitates the existence of a pathway out of this environment to form fluorine-containing molecules. To that end, the presence of fluorine and hydroperoxyl radical (HO2) in either of these environments may lead to the formation of fluorinated molecules like fluoro hydrogen peroxide (HOOF) on dust grains of protoplanetary disks in the planet-forming regions of ρ Oph and in the earth's atmosphere as a sink for other fluorine pollutants that have yet to be detected. This theoretical study utilizes explicitly correlated coupled cluster theory computed with core correlation and corrections from scalar relativity to provide the first anharmonic fundamental vibrational frequencies and rotational constants of HOOF for use as reference benchmarking of further computational or experimental study, as well as potential astrophysical observation. The ν6 bending frequency for HOOF at 454.4 cm–1 exhibits an anharmonic transition intensity of 78 km/mol, while the ν4 frequency at 738.2 cm–1 is 66 km/mol. Additionally, HOOF has a large net dipole moment of 2.12 D compared to the previously detected HF and HOOH molecules, 1.82 and 1.85 D, respectively, resulting from the electronegativity of the fluorine. Consequently, HOOF is a likely candidate for possible detection via vibrational and rotational spectroscopy to further the understanding of fluorine's small, but important, role in astrochemical and atmospheric environments.
Kidney transplantation in a patient with polycythemia vera

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Polycythemia vera (PV) is a clonal over proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells, which increases red blood cell (RBC) mass and hematocrit, and is frequently accompanied with leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, or both. Few cases of renal involvement of PV have been reported to date. We present a case of PV based on JAK2 (Janus kinase 2) mutation that did not need any treatment after unrelated kidney transplantation. According to the rarity of kidney transplantation in PV, more clinical evidence is needed to determine the frequency of its improvement after transplantation
#1770 Clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) and kidney involvement—a Swedish single-center cohort

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background and Aims Poor patient outcomes in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) with kidney involvement is attributed to multiple factors such as delay in diagnosis, inadequate efficacy of treatments and long-term complications due to the disease as well as the toxic effects of immunosuppressive therapy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of a Swedish cohort of patients with AAV (granulomatosis with polyangiitis; GPA and microscopic polyangiitis; MPA) and kidney involvement to study causes of death and predictors of all-cause mortality. Method This retrospective single-centre cohort study included 93 patients from the Uppsala region in mid-Sweden, diagnosed with AAV and kidney involvement between 1993 and 2023. Clinical and laboratory variables were obtained from review of electronic medical records as well as patient follow-up visits. Differences between groups were assessed using independent t-test and Chi-square test. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the influence of risk factors of interest on all-cause mortality. Results 93 patients, 71 (76%) were clinically diagnosed with MPA, and 22 (24%) with GPA. The median age at diagnosis was 66.5 ± 13 years. eGFR at diagnosis was 29 ± 23.5 ml/min/1.73 m2 and 15% of patients were dialysis-dependent AAV at diagnosis. Patients with MPA and GPA received comparable induction therapy except for PLEX which was significantly more frequent in patients with GPA (52% vs 26% respectively, p = 0.041). 56 (60%) of patients died during follow up and survival time was 7.1 ± 6.9 years. Baseline clinical and biochemical characteristics are shown in Table 1. A multivariate logistic regression showed that older age at diagnosis (OR 95% CI 1.012-1.110; p = 0.013) and being dialysis-dependent at diagnosis (OR 95% CI 1.343-16.079; p = 0.015) significantly predicted all-cause mortality (Table 2). Causes of death are presented in Fig. 1. Infections was the most common cause of death (30%). Conclusion Long-term prognosis and patient survival were significantly associated with age and dialysis-dependency at diagnosis in this cohort of patients diagnosed with AAV and kidney involvement. Infections was the most common cause of death.
Multiparameter Analysis of Physiological Changes in Apoptosis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Changes in mitochondrial parameters leading to cells with compromised mitochondrial function are a hallmark of apoptosis. These changes can be detected and the number of compromised cells quantitated by multicolor flow cytometry utilizing fluorescent dyes that monitor specific features of this organelle. In this way one can trace physiological changes during apoptosis and investigate whether or not certain changes occur simultaneously in the same cell. This unit presents protocols for combined NADH levels and mitochondrial membrane potential, cell cycle stage specific apoptosis, and cellular thiol and mitochondrial cardiolipin levels.
The Analysis of Natural Science Virtual Laboratory Media

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This research was aimed to analyzed the virtual labroratory media which take a part as supporting the natural science learning in Junior High School. The data analyze techniques which used in small research were both descriptive analyze and presentation. Instrument which used were media instrument analysis questionnaire based on BSNP (National Education Standards Board) which consists of material aspect, view aspect, programming aspect, and language aspect. The result of analysis based on BSNP Virtual Laboratory Media in Junior High School showed : material aspect 54,28% (good enough), View aspect 55,55% (good enough), Programming aspect 50% (good enough) and language aspect 60% (good enough )
Data used in: 'Atmospheric impacts of chlorinated very short-lived substances over the recent past – Part 1: Stratospheric chlorine budget and the role of transport' by Bednarz et al. (2022)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Data used in: 'Atmospheric impacts of chlorinated very short-lived substances over the recent past – Part 1: Stratospheric chlorine budget and the role of transport' by Bednarz et al. (2022), which has been accepted for publication in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics.
Preventing relapse with personalized smart‐messaging after cognitive behavioural therapy: A proof‐of‐concept evaluation

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Objectives Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) can improve symptoms of anxiety and depression, but also reduces the risk of future relapse after therapy completion. However, current CBT relapse prevention methods are resource‐intensive and can be limited in clinical practice. This paper investigates a personalized means of reducing relapse using smart‐messaging in two settings: research and routine care. Design Study 1 presents a cohort study comparing a cohort of smart‐messaging users versus non‐users. Study 2 presents time series follow‐up data from a case series of smart‐messaging users from clinical practice. Methods Fifteen of 56 CBT completers who participated in a trial for the treatment of health anxiety wrote advice they would want if in future they were doing well, experiencing early warning signs of relapse, or experiencing full relapse. Following CBT, participants received weekly text‐message requests to rate their well‐being. Dependent upon their response, participants received tailored advice they had written, appropriate to the well‐being level reported after recovery from health anxiety. Smart‐messaging was also trialled in a routine practice sample of 14 CBT completers with anxiety and depression. Results Across a 12‐month follow‐up, participants receiving smart‐messaging showed greater health improvements than those who did not. Well‐being scores showed stability between CBT completion and 6‐month follow‐up among routine care patients. Conclusions These findings suggest that a low‐intensity, personalized relapse prevention method can have a clinical benefit following CBT for common mental health problems. Practitioner points Post‐treatment outcomes may be improved using personalized smart‐messaging to prevent relapse following cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for health anxiety. In clinical practice, post‐treatment smart‐messaging can be well‐used by patients and may help maintain stable well‐being in the 6 months after CBT ends. This evidence supports the clinical utility of a brief tailored digital intervention, which can be integrated within routine clinical practice with minimal therapist input. Overall, longer‐term post‐CBT outcomes may be improved by integrating a smart‐messaging intervention at the end of therapy.
A Parasitological and Clinical Survey on Cercarial Dermatitis in Khuzestan Province, South Western Iran

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cercarial dermatitis or swimmers ’ itch is an itchy inflammatory response to the penetration of the skin by non-human schistosome parasites. In the hot season, May to September, in Khuzestan province in the south west of Iran, swimming in canals and agriculture activities in swampy areas are common. This survey was made on people from villages north of Ahwaz city in south west Iran, to estimate cercarial dermatitis in this region. For this purpose 2000 people were observed for clinical signs of cercarial dermatitis. Also 2000 Lymnaea gedrosiana snails were collected from agriculture canals and examined for animal schistosome cercariae during 1998-2000. From this survey 1.1 % of people had pruritic maculopapular rash on their feet, hands or other parts of body. From the total of examined snails, 2.4% were found to be infected with bird schistosome cercariae including Trichobilharzia sp. Cercarial dermatitis could be a health problem in this area. This is the first report of cercarial dermatitis from this region of Iran.
Evaluation of Gait Variable Change over Time as Transtibial Amputees Adapt to a New Prosthesis Foot

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A variety of prescribed accommodation periods have been used in published prosthesis intervention studies that have examined biomechanical outcomes. Few investigators included repeated measurements in their study design, leaving questions as to how measured outcomes change as amputees acclimate to a new prosthesis. This paper is the product of our investigation as to whether measured gait variables were affected by the duration of accommodation period, and to assess the relationship between measured outcomes and the subjective perception of the participants. A sample of transtibial amputees were recruited for this study. Gait data was collected by wearable sensor repeatedly, starting immediately after fitting the interventional foot and extending over a subsequent four days. Participants indicated their perceived accommodation quality on a visual analog scale (VAS). A total of twelve commonly used spatiotemporal gait parameters were analyzed. Friedman tests were used to determine overall differences across time points in both early (one hour) and late (day two through five) accommodation phases, for each gait variable. Statistically significant changes across the early phase were found for variables gait speed χ 2 (2)=8.000, p =0.018, cadence χ 2 (2)=7.185, p =0.028, and double support time on the sound side χ 2 (2)=8.615, p =0.013. Across days two through five, no gait variable significantly changed. VAS scores correlated strongly with step count (r=1.000, p <0.001) and cadence (r=0.857, p =0.014). Longer accommodation periods resulted in less deviations of gait variables for the clinical assessment in the process of prosthetic rehabilitation. Trying out prosthetic interventions for less than one hour has yielded unreliable outcomes.
THE EFFECT OF CYPROHEPTADINE ON THE RELEASE OF CORTICOTROPHIN RELEASING FACTOR

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY The effect of cyproheptadine was tested on the neurotransmitter‐induced release of corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) from the rat hypothalamus in vitro. It was found that cyproheptadine inhibited both acetylcholine and 5‐hydroxytryptamine‐induced release of CRF. Cyproheptadine did not interfere with the ACTH releasing ability of CRF. These results suggest that cyproheptadine reduces the high circulating levels of ACTH in some patients suffering from Cushing's disease and Nelson's syndrome by inhibiting CRF secretion.
The energetic electron environment in circular polar orbits

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Energetic electron measurements made during the latter half of 1966 by a magnetic spectrometer on spacecraft 1966-70A (OV3-3) are used to provide plots of the probability function P(f>f sub 0) for circular polar orbits at various altitudes under varying magnetospheric conditions. The plots are intended for use in determining the total fluence to which low-altitude polar-orbiting satellites will be exposed and also the probability that a critical threshold flux at a given energy will be exceeded.
Numerical Approach to Optimising Oil and Gas Production in Thin Oil Rim Reservoirs

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The development of a thin oil rim can involve complications in the oil production due to severe gas and/or water coning events.<br>This paper deals with a Nigerian oil and gas multilevel field where some of the levels bear a thin oil rim associated with a large gas cap. After a few years of production from three oil levels, it was decided to develop all gas and oil levels, to increase the oil production rate and satisfy the increasing demand for gas. Therefore, the thin oil rim reservoirs were considered as potential sources of oil and gas reserves.<br>A 3D black oil simulation model was built to study the development of the whole field. Gas PVT data were characterised through the vaporised oil gas ratio to simulate the effects of depletion on the condensate stream during production from gas levels.<br>Sensitivity runs were performed to investigate the development of the oil rim reservoirs. The model indicated that the wells located in the oil rim were affected by high water cut, whilst the wells in the gas cap area and far away from the oil rim, could produce large gas rates without draining the oil in the rim.<br>An intermediate location was considered in the gas cap flank close to the oil rim. The wells with this location showed early high gas production with condensate decline, followed by liquid hydrocarbon production increase with gas rate reduction. During the early time, the condensate production fell due to depletion. Afterwards, the liquid hydrocarbon rate started to increase since wells drained the oil rim through coning.<br>The results of the simulation encouraged the development of the thin oil rim reservoirs mainly through these intermediate locations to optimise both oil and gas production.<br>
Retinal prostheses: Where to from here?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Researchers have been working towards the development of retinal prostheses, so called “bionic eyes” since the 1960s in an effort to restore functional vision to severely visually impaired patients. Groups from all around the world are involved in this research but in particular, groups from the United States, Germany, France, Japan and Australia have conducted clinical trials of these devices and three of these devices have achieved either FDA HDE (U.S. Food and Drug Administration Humanitarian Device Exception) or CE mark approval for commercial production. Despite this, all three of these devices are now not in commercial production. There are many challenges to overcome to develop devices suitable to implant in human patients and then reach commercial distribution. This is an exacting process and many hurdles need to be overcome to reach this point so that leaving the market after achieving this goal is a significant decision. Ongoing research is exploring the possibility of less complicated surgery with better visual processing algorithms to provide more useful visual information for our patients to provide a commercial alternative.
WM130 preferentially inhibits hepatic cancer stem-like cells by suppressing AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The eradication of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is significant for cancer therapy and prevention. In this study, we evaluated WM130, a novel derivative of matrine, for its effect on CSCs using human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines, their sphere cells, and sorted EpCAM+ cells. We revealed that WM130 could not only inhibit proliferation and colony formation of HCC cells, but also suppress the expression of some stemness-related genes and up-regulate some mature hepatocyte marker genes, indicating a promotion of differentiation from CSCs to hepatocytes. WM130 also suppressed the proliferation of doxorubicin-resistant hepatoma cells, and markedly reduced the cells with CSC biomarker EpCAM. Moreover, WM130 suppressed HCC spheres, not only primary spheres but also subsequent spheres, indicating an inhibitory effect on self-renewal capability of CSCs. Interestingly, WM130 exhibited a remarkable inhibitory preference on HCC spheres and EpCAM+ cells rather than their parental HCC cells and EpCAM- cells respectively. In vivo, WM130 inhibited HCC xenograft growth, decreased the number of sphere-forming cells, and remarkably decreased the levels of EpCAM mRNA and protein in tumor xenografts. Better inhibitory effect was achieved by WM130 in combination with doxorubicin. Further mechanism study revealed that WM130 inhibited AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. Collectively, our results suggest that WM130 remarkably inhibits hepatic CSCs, and this effect may via the down-regulation of the AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway. These findings provide a strong rationale for the use of WM130 as a novel drug candidate in HCC therapy.
Purification and Properties of Neutral Proteinase II from Aspergillus oryzae

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Neutral proteinase II (the second peak in DEAE-cellulose chromatography) in the culture fluid of Aspergillus oryzae was purified the Amberlite IRC-50 adsorbed fraction by DEAE-cellulose chromatography and two steps of gel filtration through Sephadex G-100. The purified enzyme showed neither aminopeptidase nor carboxypeptidase activity. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be about 19, 300 by gel filtration method. The enzyme has an optimum pH of 5.5 to 6.0 in acetate and phosphate buffers. More than 70% of the activity was remained after heating at 90°C for 10min. About 70% of original activity was reduced in the presence of 10-2M EDTA (pH 6.0) and the activity with 18% NaCI was almost 50% of the activity without NaCl.