jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nuper rosarum flores: The Cathedral Conundrum

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In 1436, Pope Eugenius IV consecrated the newly-completed Santa Maria del Fiore, more commonly known as Florence Cathedral. The completion of the cathedral’s dome was an incredible feat of great significance to the city of Florence, whose cathedral had remained unfinished for over one hundred years, and the splendor of the dedication ceremony reflected this reality. Franco-Flemish composer Guillaume Dufay was commissioned to write a motet for the occasion, and the resulting work, Nuper rosarum flores, has sparked a great deal of controversy in the musicological realm. In 1973, musicologist Charles Warren claimed that the isorhythmic proportions of the motet reflected the architectural proportions of the cathedral, but Craig Wright later exposed several flaws within Warren’s analysis, suggesting instead that the motet’s unique proportional structure was intended to reflect King Solomon’s Temple as described in scripture. Yet another hypothesis, presented by Marvin Trachtenburg, claims that both Warren and Wright’s arguments are correct in some regard. This article seeks to explore Wright, Warren, and Trachtenburg’s respective theories through the study of Dufay’s motet, of the dedication of Florence Cathedral, and of the historical context of this event. Due to the speculative nature of the debate surrounding Nuper rosarum flores, it is doubtful that scholars will ever agree on an explanation for the motet’s unusual structure.
Shapira’s Deuteronomy, Its Decalogue, and Dead Sea Scrolls Authentic and Forged

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This essay engages Idan Dershowitz’s recent attempt to rehabilitate the Deuteronomy fragments Moses Wilhelm Shapira offered for sale in 1883. After summarizing the contents of Dershowitz’s volume, this paper evaluates Shapira’s fragments in relation to the Dead Sea Scrolls, the Moabitica and other forgeries connected to Shapira. It considers the implications of Shapira’s transcription of the text, which Dershowitz uses to demonstrate Shapira’s innocence. To counter Dershowitz’s hypothesis regarding the “proto-biblical” origin of the fragments, it is proposed that the composition is better understood as a post-biblical pastiche. Dershowitz has endeavored to sever the text from the possibilities allowed by 19th century European scholarship; the present article contextualizes the find within the religious world of 19th century Jerusalem. While the allure of significance can encourage scholars to overcome doubts and accept the authenticity of suspicious objects, Shapira’s fragments remain very dubious indeed.
Linking Triumphs and Tragedies: Variability in Teams Outcomes and the Diversity-Performance Link

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Research on teams has typically focused primarily on predicting how to improve teams’ average outcomes. In contrast, effects on variability of performance have received little attention, even though, in situations with critical performance thresholds, a team’s average outcome might be less important than a spread of outcomes leading to exceptional successes (e.g. achieving an IPO) or catastrophic failures (e.g. a plane crash). We suggest that using outcome variability as a distinct theoretical construct can lead to novel insights in particular into the relationship between team diversity and performance. We posit that diversity decreases performance variability in the low diversity range but increases variability in the high diversity range. We verify these hypotheses by reanalyzing Kilduff et al.’s study of 35 teams engaged in a business simulation (2000), and demonstrate the benefits of distinguishing extreme versus average outcomes and mean-variance tradeoff as an effective approach to theory-building in organizational scholarship.
Influence of agroecological conditions of edaphic-climatic macro- and microzones on adaptability and productivity of new soft winter wheat varieties

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Purpose. To study the influence of agriecological conditions of edaphic-climatic macro- and microzones on adap­tability and productivity of new soft winter wheat, identification and selection of complementary varieties for appropriate conditions. Methods. Field, laboratory, analytical and statistical ones. Results. Peculiarities of the formation of productivity of varieties and its stability cultivation on the condions of cultivation in edaphic-climatic zones, subzones and microzones, including favourable and unfavou­rable years were studied. For realizing the potential of their productivity, it is advisable to introduce a differentiated approach to their cultivation in agri-climatic zones, subzones, microzones according to the requirements of biological characteristics of varieties, their natural adaptive capacity, natural and ecological environment of these zones. Complementary varieties were identified and recommended for use in edaphic-climatic zones, subzones and microzones that demonstrated high plasticity, better adaptability to favourable agri-ecological factors and were more tolerant and resistant to adverse ones. Conclusions. According to the set of productivity and ecological plasticity indices, it is desirable to cultivate varieties Sotnytsya, Kalancha, Hurt, Tonatsiya, Dobrochyn, Gubernator Donu in the Steppe zone; Sotnytsya, Oriyka, Lira Odeska, Tatsitus and Fidelius – in the Forest-Steppe; Tatsitus, Fidelius, Sailor, Etela – in the Polissia.
Efektivitas Kinerja Klinik Pratama Badan Narkotika Nasional Provinsi Sumatera Utara dalam Merehabilitasi Rawat Jalan Pecandu Narkotika

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Effectiveness is the degree to which a social system reaches its goal. While performance is a result of a whole during a certain period in carrying out his duties. The National Narcotics Agency Sumatra Province serves to assist the recovery of narcotics addicts or abuse by means of outpatient rehabilitation. As for the outpatient rehabilitation involves teams of doctors and nurses trained, Standard Operational Procedure that is conducted by a team of medical assesment service is to know the degree of severity and therapeutic rehabilitation plan for the client. This type of research is qualitative research methods focusing to clinical performance effectiveness pratama in outpatient rehabilitation for addicts of narcotic drugs. The nature of this research is descriptive. The location of the research carried out in the way of West V William Iskandar Market Numbers.1A Field Estate. The results showed that the performance of the employees Klinik Pratama is said to be quite effective due to obstacles. Factors that play a role in achieving clincial effectiveness pratama is the achievement of targets, adaptability, job satisfaction, and responsibility. The existing barriers in the form of skimpy budgets, a lack of medical personnel and the lack of infrastructure repair facility.
Understanding the class enemy: Foreign policy expertise in East Germany

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study makes use of reports, resolutions, analyses, and other internal documents as well as oral history interviews in order to detail the construction, functioning, and output of foreign policy expertise in the GDR. Subordination to the practical needs and political-ideological requirements of the leadership of the ruling Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) represented the defining feature of East German foreign policy expertise. Yet its full politicization, which was essentially complete by the late 1960s as the SED succeeded in establishing a comprehensive system of foreign policy expertise tailored to meet its particular vision, entailed the maintenance of a degree of professional and intellectual autonomy--the GDR's Aussenpolitiker, or foreign policy professionals, were expected not only to comply with the political and ideological postulates espoused by the party leadership but also to deliver sound, specialist analysis of international relations. The persistent tension between these contrasting objectives was directly reflected in the output of East German experts, who in the conditions of diplomatic isolation prevailing until the early 1970s formulated a GDR-specific conception of international relations that fused clear identification of East Germany's realpolitical interests with the Marxist-Leninist notion of foreign policy as a form of class struggle. Following foreign policy normalization in the first half of the 1970s, however, increasing specialization and professionalization matched with a dramatic increase in East German experts' exposure to the capitalist West, including integration into a transnational network of foreign policy specialists, allowed the specialist element of expertise to gain preponderance over the dogmatic-ideological element. The great challenge to the international position of the Soviet Bloc and the GDR represented by the "second Cold War" in the first half of the 1980s then prompted East German experts to abandon simplistic adherence to Marxist-Leninist foreign policy dogma in favor of prioritization of the concrete realpolitical interests of the GDR. In the process, the GDR's experts formulated a body of non-dogmatic foreign policy thought that mirrored the Soviet New Thinking without taking on its comprehensiveness or overt rejection of inherited postulates.
Mirages with linear image diagrams

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Mirages are caused by the curvilinear propagation of light rays as a result of variations in the atmospheric refractive index. The refractive index is most strongly determined by the air temperature, so mirages carry information about the atmospheric temperature profile. It is straightforward to calculate the appearance of a mirage (defined by its image diagram) given the refractive-index profile (the forward problem); it is much less so to solve the inverse problem of deducing the refractive-index profile from the appearance of the mirage. The methods that have been employed to tackle this inverse problem are reviewed briefly; then a semirigorous treatment of mirages having linear image diagrams is developed. This class of mirages, while rare meteorologically, is interesting mathematically because it is possible to classify all the possible forms of refractive-index profile that can give rise to such mirages, and it includes the important phenomenon of the ducting of light rays. The treatment presented yields the refractive-index profile from the image diagram, except for certain well-defined cases for which no solution is possible. It also shows, by counterexample, that there can be no uniqueness theorem stating that a given image diagram can arise from only one refractive-index profile.
Measurements of the helium propagation at 4.4 K in a 480 m long stainless steel pipe

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), with two concentric rings 3.8 km in circumference, uses superconducting magnets to focus the high energy beams. Each sextant of RHIC will have continuous cryostats up to 480 m in length housing the magnets and the cold beam pipes. For an acceptable lifetime of the stored beam, the pressure in the cold beam pipe will be < 10{sup {minus}11} Torr. The characteristics of He pressure front propagation due to He leaks will be of importance for beam lifetimes and for vacuum monitoring due to the high vapor pressure of He at 4.4 K, even with small surface coverage. The travel of the He pressure fronts along a 480 m long, 6.9 cm I.D. stainless steel beam pipe cooled to 4.4 K has recently been measured during the RHIC first sextant test. The experiment was carried out over a 12-day period by bleeding in a calibrated He leak of 3 {times} 10{sup {minus}5} Torr{center_dot}l/s (20 C) while measuring the He pressures along this 480 m cold tube at {approximately} 30 m intervals. The measured speed of the pressure fronts and the pressure profiles are summarized and compared with the calculated ones.
The evolution of the early Martian climate and the initial emplacement of crustal H2O

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Given the geomorphic evidence for the widespread occurrence of water and ice in the early Martian crust, and the difficulty involved in accounting for this distribution given the present climate, it has been suggested that the planet's early climate was originally more Earth-like, permitting the global emplacement of crustal H2O by direct precipitation as snow or rain. The resemblance of the Martian valley networks to terrestrial runoff channels and their almost exclusive occurrence in the planet's ancient (approximately 4-b.y.-old) heavily cratered terrain are often cited as evidence of just such a period. An alternative school of thought suggests that the early climate did not differ substantially from that of today. Advocates of this view find no compelling reason to invoke a warmer, wetter period to explain the origin of the valley networks. Rather, they cite evidence that the primary mechanism of valley formation was groundwater sapping, a process that does not require that surface water exists in equilibrium with the atmosphere. However, while sapping may successfully explain the origin of the small valleys, it fails to address how the crust was initially charged with ice as the climate evolved towards its present state. Therefore, given the uncertainty regarding the environmental conditions that prevailed on early Mars, the initial emplacement of ground ice is considered here from two perspectives: (1) the early climate started warm and wet, but gradually cooled with time, and (2) the early climate never differed substantially from that of today.
LHD 2p5-U_L01 #189580.1 (analyzed)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Luminance data of the plasma monitor camera. Time variation of the average and maximum luminance within the ROI (Region of Interests) of the plasma images observed by the 2.5-U port camera, where ROI is (188,230) - (212,258) of the original image of 640x480. The luminance value is between 0 and 255 in arbitrary unit.
Approximating Voting Rules from Truncated Ballots

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Classical voting rules assume that ballots are complete preference orders over candidates. However, when the number of candidates is large enough, it is too costly to ask the voters to rank all candidates. We suggest to fix a rank k, to ask all voters to specify their best k candidates, and then to consider "top-k approximations" of rules, which take only into account the top-k candidates of each ballot. We consider two measures of the quality of the approximation: the probability of selecting the same winner as the original rule, and the score ratio. We do a worst-case study (for the latter measure only), and for both measures, an average-case study and a study from real data sets.
Preliminary Draft1

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Do not quote We are looking into the evolution of cooperation and competition between airlines and railroads, in the context of rail deregulation, with the tools provided by network economics. After looking at the progress of rail deregulation in Europe, we describe the situation of air and rail in terms of cooperation (intermodality). We then examine the current strategies of airlines and railroads considered as networks industries. In this light, we then analyse their possible strategies in a context of rail deregulation, with a complete opening of rail markets. We conclude by assessing the possibility of emergence of multi-modal network operators.
EEG Power Spectrum: Errors and Application Practice (lecture three). Spectral analysis in the study of variability of EEG rhythms

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The traditional EEG spectral analysis is not suitable for the study of dynamic processes in the brain, since the size of the recording segments required for plotting the spectrum graphs should be significantly longer than the physiological variability of the electroencephalogram itself. For these purposes, special methodological approaches have been developed: dynamic observation of EEG rhythms using the Berg-Fourier analysis method and various options for plotting trends of frequency and amplitude values of brain potentials. Almost no one knows the real significance of fluctuations in the frequency of the dominant EEG rhythm, since in fact there was no instrument for studying this phenomenon in dynamics. In panic attacks with a high level of anxiety, the opposite picture is observed, a pathological decrease in the severity of fluctuations in the frequency of the alpha rhythm.
Exploring the Weak Phase gamma in B^+- -> pi K Decays

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Measurements of the rates for the hadronic decays B^+- -> pi K along with the CP-averaged B^+- -> pi^+- pi^0 branching ratio can be used to bound and extract the weak phase gamma=-arg(V_ub). Using preliminary CLEO data, we obtain the bounds |gamma|>93 degrees at 1 sigma, and |gamma|>71 degrees at 90 % confidence level.
A 20‐year data set of species replacement patterns in the middle‐intertidal zone of Tatoosh Island, Washington, USA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract This data set documents changes in the sessile species occupying several rock benches on wave‐exposed shores of Tatoosh Island, Washington, USA from 1993 to 2012. Plots and transects were located within the middle intertidal zone dominated by the mussel Mytilus californianus . Data were taken in 14 60 × 60 cm quadrats positioned at two corners with permanent marking screws. A 10 × 10 grid defined by the intersection of equally spaced monofilament lines yielded a set of 100 fixed points per quadrat per census. Plots were generally located initially in sites that had undergone natural wave disturbance in the past 0–3 years, to better document transient successional dynamics, and most plots have experienced one or two disturbance/succession cycles over the course of the data collection. A further set of points was monitored on 11 permanent transects 9.1 m long with 30 initially randomly placed points, which cover a broader span of shoreline than the quadrats. The data collection was implemented to parameterize Markov Chain models and use these to make predictions about the effects of local species extinction that could subsequently be tested in an experimentally tractable ecosystem. To date, the data have been used in (1) a parameterization and analysis of a basic multi‐species Markov Chain model, (2) a spatially explicit cellular automata, (3) a reformulation, parameterization, and experimental test of the Neutral Theory of Biodiversity, (4) a comparative analysis of Markov Chain models across different marine habitats, (5) development of an approach to link global change to multi‐species interactions using an environment‐dependent (ocean acidification) series of Markov Chain models, (6) analysis of changes in system dynamics following experimental species extinction, and (7) parameterization of population dynamic models of mussels revealing density‐linked stochastic patterns. The Markov Chain and Neutral models have subsequently been tested in independent experiments. These data may be of further use in analyzing detailed patterns of species transitions, as well as more standard analyses of spatial and temporal patterns of species abundance and richness.
The geopolitics of refugee studies: a view from the south

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Editorial Introduction Get access NICHOLAS VAN HEAR NICHOLAS VAN HEAR Refugee Studies Programme, University of Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Refugee Studies, Volume 11, Issue 4, 1998, Page 350, https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/11.4.350 Published: 01 October 1998
Fair and accurate age prediction using distribution aware data curation and augmentation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Deep learning-based facial recognition systems have experienced increased media attention due to exhibiting unfair behavior. Large enterprises, such as IBM, shut down their facial recognition and age prediction systems as a consequence. Age prediction is an especially difficult application with the issue of fairness remaining an open research problem (e.g. predicting age for different ethnicity equally accurate). One of the main causes of unfair behavior in age prediction methods lies in the distribution and diversity of the training data. In this work, we present two novel approaches for dataset curation and data augmentation in order to increase fairness through balanced feature curation and increase diversity through distribution aware augmentation. To achieve this, we introduce out-of-distribution detection to the facial recognition domain which is used to select the data most relevant to the deep neural network's (DNN) task when balancing the data among age, ethnicity, and gender. Our approach shows promising results. Our best-trained DNN model outperformed all academic and industrial baselines in terms of fairness by up to 4.92 times and also enhanced the DNN's ability to generalise outperforming Amazon AWS and Microsoft Azure public cloud systems by 31.88% and 10.95%, respectively.
Data of tuning NiCo2O4 bifunctionality with nitrogen-doped graphene nanoribbons in oxygen electrocatalysis for zinc-air battery application

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This dataset contains the data presented in the figures of pulbished paper "Tuning NiCo2O4 bifunctionality with nitrogen-doped graphene nanoribbons in oxygen electrocatalysis for zinc-air battery application" Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 928 117000 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.117000) The electrochemical characterisation data, which was measured in University of Tartu Institute of Chemistry, is for Figures 6, 7, S17 and the nomenclature of the catalysts is the same as in the mentioned article.
Grais, “Effect of mass supplementation with ready-to-use supplementary food during an anticipated nutritional emergency

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Previous studies have shown the benefits of ready-to-use supplementary food (RUSF) distribution in reducing the incidence and prevalence of severe acute malnutrition. Methods and Findings: To compare the incidence of wasting, stunting and mortality between children aged 6 to 23 mo participating and not participating in distributions of RUSF, we implemented two exhaustive prospective cohorts including all children 60 cm to 80 cm, resident in villages of two districts of Maradi region in Niger (n = 2238). Villages (20) were selected to be representative of the population. All registered children were eligible for the monthly distributions between July and October 2010. Age, sex, height, weight, and Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) were measured at baseline and two weeks after each distribution; the amount and type of distribution and the amount shared and remaining were also assessed. We compared the incidence of wasting, stunting, and mortality among children participating in the distribution (intervention) of RUSF versus children not participating in the distribution (comparison). The absolute rate of wasting was 4.71 events per child-year (503 events/106.59 child-year) in the intervention group and 4.98 events per child-year (322 events/64.54 child-year) in the comparison group. The intervention group had a small but higher weight-for-length Z-score gain (20.2z vs. 20.3z) and less loss of MUAC than the comparison group (22.8 vs. 24.0 mm). There was no difference in length gain (2.7 vs. 2.8 cm). Mortality was lower for children whose households received the intervention than those who