jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Association between rs1799971 in the mu opioid receptor gene and methadone maintenance treatment response

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective Genetic variations can affect individual response to methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) for heroin addiction. The A118G variant (rs1799971) in the mu opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) is a potential candidate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) for personalized MMT. This study determined whether rs1799971 is related to MMT response or dose. Methods We recruited 286 MMT patients from a Han Chinese population. The rs1799971 genotype was determined via TaqMan genotyping assay. The genetic effect of this SNP on MMT response or dose was evaluated using logistic regression. A meta‐analysis was performed to merge all available data to evaluate the role of rs1799971 in MMT using RevMan 5.3 software. Results No statistical significance was observed in the association between the OPRM1 rs1799971 and MMT response or dose in our Chinese cohort. Meta‐analysis indicated that the OPRM1 A118G variation was not significantly associated with MMT response or dose requirement. Conclusion The results suggest that rs1799971 in OPRM1 might not play a critical role alone in influencing MMT response or dose.
Trends in Health, Stress, and Migration in the pre-contact Southwest United States

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The major goal of this dissertation was to examine migration and its impacts on health through use of dental morphological and paleopathological data. The case study is the Southwest United States between A.D. 1200-1400s. The second chapter, written with Corey Ragsdale, Biological Distance and the Fate of the Gallina in the American Southwest, examines where the Gallina people may have gone upon abandoning their homes in the late A.D. 1200s. We used dental data for 492 individuals and mean measure of divergence (biodistance) analysis to examine several hypotheses regarding where the Gallina went. We find that the Gallina may have moved to the Middle Rio Grande region, settling near Albuquerque, New Mexico. The third chapter, Indicators of Stress and their association with Frailty in the Pre-contact Southwestern United States, uses Kaplan-Meier Survival analysis to examine differential mortality risks in the entire sample of people with pathological data recorded (335 individuals). It shows that cribra orbitalia likely has a different etiology from porotic hyperostosis. Cribra orbitalia appears to develop in cases of more severe systemic disturbance. Further, the results demonstrate that there are different survival outcomes for individuals with active, healed or no skeletal lesions (PH, CO, or infection). These results indicate that individuals with active lesions are comparatively frailer than individuals with healed or no lesions. The fourth chapter, Frailty and Stress in People who Move: A View from the Southwestern United States, demonstrates that phenetically-inferred migrants are no different from the host-group in terms of health indicators (LEH, CO, PH, and infection). The 36 individuals identified as phenetically-inferred migrants are less frail (Kaplan-Meier survival analysis) than individuals identified as host-group. This dissertation research adds to a growing body of literature that addresses hidden heterogeneity in risks, frailty, and the Osteological Paradox. It demonstrates that hidden heterogeneity has different layers, and different lesions do not equally impact mortality risk. Further, this research demonstrates that individuals who are likely from elsewhere can be identified through nonmetric dental traits. The methods used here could likely be applied to skeletal nonmetric and metric data as well.
Turning a "Blind Eye"? Compliance with Minimum Wage Standards and Employment

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Turning a "blind eye" to non-compliance with minimum wage standards is sometimes presented as a pragmatic way to accommodate higher wages while not harming employment opportunities for workers employed in marginal firms. In this paper, we model firms' wage and employment decisions, and show that there may be a trade-off between non-compliance and employment. The main prediction of the model are empirically tested using data from the Italian labour force survey. We find evidence of a positive employment non-compliance effect, though elasticities are smaller than typically thought as employers internalize the expected costs of non-compliance. We also show that employment effects are larger at low levels of non-compliance (when the risk of being referred to court is very low). The implications for policy and the role of regulators in monitoring and sanctioning non-compliance are discussed.
‘To Fill Yourself with Goodness’: Revolutionary Self‐Making in Bolivarian Venezuela

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article explores how utopian visions are articulated by chavista activists in Venezuela through the practice of “revolutionary self‐making”. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in the city of Valencia between 2008 and 2012, it aims to demonstrate how close attention to the formation of new moral and spiritual selves is an integral part of the way that chavistas enact and experience political protagonism. In doing so, the article seeks to provide a ground level view of utopian visions as they are manifested discursively and practically in everyday life.
Spontaneous single nucleotide polymorphism in porcine microRNA-378 seed region leads to functional alteration

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Sequence variation in a microRNA (miRNA) seed region can influence its biogenesis and effects on target mRNAs; however, in mammals, few seed region mutations leading to functional alterations have been reported to date. Here, we report the identification of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with functional consequence located in the seed region of porcine miR-378. In vitro analysis of this rs331295049 A17G SNP showed significantly up-regulated expression of the mature miR-378 (miR-378/G). In silico target prediction indicated that the SNP would modulate secondary structure and result in functional loss affecting >85% of the known target genes of the wild-type miR-378 (miR-378/A), and functional gain affecting >700 new target genes, and dual-luciferase reporter assay verified this result. This report of a SNP in the seed region of miR-378 leads to functional alteration and indicates the potential for substantive functional consequences to the molecular physiology of a mammalian organism. The SNP changed the secondary structure of pre-miR-378 and increased the production of mutant miR-378. Functionally, the SNP lead to loss and gain of miR-378 targets.
Transient state kinetic investigation of ferritin iron release

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Increased iron concentration in tissues appears to be a factor in the genesis and development of inflammatory and degenerative diseases. By means of real-time small angle x-ray scattering measurements, we studied the kinetics of iron release from the ferritin inorganic core as a function of time and distance from the iron core centre. Accordingly, the iron release process follows a three step model: (i) a defect nucleation in the outer part of the mineral core, (ii) the diffusion of the reducing agent towards the inner part of the core, and (iii) the erosion of the core from the inner to the outer part.
Image4.TIF

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

<p>Theobroma cacao, the source of cocoa, suffers significant losses to a variety of pathogens resulting in reduced incomes for millions of farmers in developing countries. Development of disease resistant cacao varieties is an essential strategy to combat this threat, but is limited by sources of genetic resistance and the slow generation time of this tropical tree crop. In this study, we present the first application of genome editing technology in cacao, using Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation to introduce CRISPR/Cas9 components into cacao leaves and cotyledon cells. As a first proof of concept, we targeted the cacao Non-Expressor of Pathogenesis-Related 3 (TcNPR3) gene, a suppressor of the defense response. After demonstrating activity of designed single-guide RNAs (sgRNA) in vitro, we used Agrobacterium to introduce a CRISPR/Cas9 system into leaf tissue, and identified the presence of deletions in 27% of TcNPR3 copies in the treated tissues. The edited tissue exhibited an increased resistance to infection with the cacao pathogen Phytophthora tropicalis and elevated expression of downstream defense genes. Analysis of off-target mutagenesis in sequences similar to sgRNA target sites using high-throughput sequencing did not reveal mutations above background sequencing error rates. These results confirm the function of NPR3 as a repressor of the cacao immune system and demonstrate the application of CRISPR/Cas9 as a powerful functional genomics tool for cacao. Several stably transformed and genome edited somatic embryos were obtained via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and ongoing work will test the effectiveness of this approach at a whole plant level.</p>
Influence of Hypertension on the Hemodynamic Response to Exercise

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sixty-one asymptomatic hypertensive patients from 19 to 68 years of age were subjected to a progressive exercise test on a cycle ergometer. A decline in maximal oxygen consumption and cardiac output and an increase in systolic blood pressure were observed with age. These findings were similar to those observed in normal subjects. In the middle-aged (35 to 49 years) and older subjects (50 to 60 years), the systolic pressure showed a greater increase with exercise than in normals of their age, but this did not apply to subjects aged 19 to 34 years. The cardiac response to exercise was normal at rest and at all levels of exercise in the middle-aged group, but the oldest group showed a reduced maximum cardiac output. In the youngest age group, cardiac output was normal at rest but fell below normal at all levels of exercise. Maximal voluntary oxygen consumption and cardiac output were significantly reduced with increasing severity of hypertension.
Documentation Panels Enhance Teacher Education Programs

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Documentation of children’s projects is advantageous to their learning process and is also a good method for student teachers to observe the process of learning. Documentation panels are a unique way to help student teachers understand how children learn. Completing a panel requires a student teacher to think through a process. Teachers must learn how to ask appropriate questions that reveal the progress of the project and then reflect the information onto a panel that preserves the growth of the child’s thinking. Panels are an effective way to help student teachers convey their knowledge about young children and appropriate methods of teaching.
EHF channel sounding for telecommunications applications via HAPs and balloons

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. During the last few years, the growth of innovative multimedia services demand-ing for more and more bandwidth have led towards the need to explore higher and higher frequency bands for communication services, such as Q-V band (35 − 50 GHz and 50 − 75 GHz, respectively) and also W band (75-110 GHz), especially for satellite applications. The Italian scientific community has so far gained a leading position in the use of higher frequency bands for satellite communications and has also funded studies for the design of communication payload in W band. To keep this leading position one fundamental step to properly design an operative communication payload is the propagation channel charac-terisation. Whilst there are data for characterising the propagation channel in Q-V bands, there are no experimental data for proper characterisation in W band. A feasibility study has been recently funded by the Italian Space Agency (ASI) to use a manned aircraft flying at 20 km, for preliminary channel characterisation. In this paper we investigate the possibility to use balloons for experiments aiming to collect data for channel characterisation. Main advantages and drawbacks of using this platform for the proposed experiment with respect to alternatives such as manned aircrafts and Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites for such a
Cytokines, chemokines, and cells growth factors in patients with mild to moderate SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A case‐control study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Several biomarkers have been evaluated as predictors of severity or in directing the treatment of COVID‐19, however there are no conclusive results. In this study, we evaluated serum levels of cytokines, chemokines, and cell growth factors in association with the pathobiology of mild to moderate SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Serum levels of SARS‐CoV‐2 infected patients ( n = 113) and flu symptoms individuals negative for SARS‐CoV‐2 ( n = 58), tested by the RT‐qPCR test—nasal swab were compared to healthy controls ( n = 53). Results showed that the proinflammatory cytokines IL‐1β, MCP‐3, TNF‐α, and G‐CSF were increased in symptomatic patients and the cytokines IL‐6 and IL‐10 were associated with patients positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 when compared to healthy controls. Symptoms associated with COVID‐19 were fever, anosmia, ageusia, and myalgia. For patients without SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, their major symptom was sore throat. The pathobiology of mild to moderate SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was associated with increasing proinflammatory cytokines and a pleiotropic IL‐6 and anti‐inflammatory IL‐10 cytokines compared to healthy controls. Thus, knowledge about the pathophysiology and the involvement of biomarkers in the mild to moderate profile of the disease should be evaluated. Monitoring these biomarkers in patients with mild to moderate disease can help establish adequate treatment and prevention strategies for long‐term COVID‐19.
SH1669584.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Smouldering fire and emission characteristics of Eucalyptus litter fuel

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Summary Eucalyptus is one of the most widespread genera around the world and a key element in recent wildfires. In a Eucalyptus forest, the accumulation of litter builds up a ground fuel layer that can support both flaming and smouldering wildfires. This work investigates the smouldering wildfire on leaf, bark, and twig beds (bulk density: 70‐140 kg/m 3 ) of Eucalyptus species. Two‐stage smouldering spread processes are observed. The first‐stage smouldering fire has the peak temperature of 600°C‐700°C and spread rate of 5‐9 mm/min. The measured emission factors are 1000‐1500 g/kg (CO2), 180‐450 g/kg (CO), 9‐16 g/kg (CH4), and 2‐6 g/kg (H2), respectively. The CO/CO2 ratio ranges from 0.15 (leaf) to 0.8 (bark). Laboratory experiments demonstrate that the smouldering fire spread is slower in leaf than those in bark and twig. The burning of stringy barks is less complete, compared to smooth barks. For leaf and twig beds, the influence of Eucalyptus species and heating value on smouldering fire is negligible. This is the first work to reveal smouldering fire behaviors on different Eucalyptus litter fuels and provides valuable information for understanding the effects of Eucalyptus species and plant parts on smouldering combustion.
Evaluation of the Performance of a Brain-Computer Interface Under Two Biofeedback Paradigms (P1.280)

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) allow the conversion of brain signals into computer output that can execute user intentions. Our aim is to determine whether the learning curve of non-invasive BCI can be improved from traditional biofeedback by allowing the position of a directed object to directly mirror the amplitude of a given EEG wave.
BACKGROUND: Most work in BCI to date utilizes intracranial electrodes because of signal quality and direct interpretation of cortical expression. We hypothesize that determining the nature in which users acquire control and accelerate learning may help towards developing BCI that can be used accurately and reliably, and that improved signal processing combined with biofeedback learning can improve BCI efficiency using non-invasive EEG.
DESIGN/METHODS: Twelve healthy adult volunteers used non-invasive BCI with a 128-channel standard scalp EEG. In a virtual environment, the task was to move a ball to one of two targets while alternating between two different biofeedback conditions. The traditional biofeedback condition was termed, ‘velocity control’. Under this condition, the velocity in which the ball moved on the screen mirrored the amplitude of the given EEG wave between 8-12 Hz. We tested a second condition, termed “position control”. Under this condition, the specific position of the ball on the screen directly mirrored the amplitude of the EEG wave.
RESULTS: Participants showed strong disparity in their ability to learn the BCI task. Three of the twelve subjects that participated reached good control (>70.0% target hit average). All three individuals demonstrated stronger performance in target hit percentage under “position control” (94%, 85%, 76%), as opposed to “velocity control” (76%, 44%, 69%).
CONCLUSION: Our data suggests that BCI biofeedback conditions that allow the position of a cursor to directly mirror the amplitude of the given EEG wave could provide a better alternative for BCI utilization than traditional methods. Disclosure: Dr. Appavu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lancaster has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wahnoun has nothing to disclose. Dr. Adelson has nothing to disclose.
The Significance of "Chymical Atomism"

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The historical treatment of atomism and the mechanical philosophy largely neglects what I call "chymical atomism," namely a type of pre-Daltonian corpuscular matter theory that postulated particles of matter which were operationally indivisible. From the Middle Ages onwards, alchemists influenced by Aristotle's Meteorology, De caelo, and De generatione et corruptione argued for the existence of robust corpuscles of matter that resisted analysis by laboratory means. As I argue in the present paper, this alchemical tradition entered the works of Daniel Sennert and Robert Boyle, and became the common property of seventeenth-century chymists. Through Boyle, G.E. Stahl, and other chymists, the operational atomism of the alchemists was even transmitted to Antoine Laurent Lavoisier, where it became the basis of his claim that elements are simply "the final limit that analysis reaches."
An Empirical Analysis of Scientific and Technological Knowledge and Manufacturing Linkages: South Korea, Mexico and Turkey

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The basis of co-evolution of technological capabilities and industrial development is investigated in several studies. Given that, this paper considers pillars of the catching-up process and factors of entering the MIT (Middle Income Trap) for latecomers and aims to investigate the linkages between the “manufacturing sector growth” and “scientific and technological knowledge”. In this context, a times series analysis based on the ARDL methodology is used to explore the long-run and short-run dependencies between the manufacturing value-added and a set of variables that represent the scientific and technological knowledge. South Korea, Mexico, and Turkey are the countries chosen for our investigation. The patents and scientific articles are utilized as the basic measures of “scientific and technological knowledge” for the period 1990–2017. The main finding of the ARDL analysis is that the three counties have different manufacturing growth trajectories due to the differences in the use of human capital and the production of “scientific and technological knowledge”.
Low Back Pain

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Letters18 November 2014Low Back PainRoger Chou, MDRoger Chou, MDFrom Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/L14-5024-2 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Estimates for the prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis in patients with low back pain vary depending on the population studied and the criteria used to define this condition. The approximate prevalence of 0.3% is based on estimates from patients in the primary care setting with low back pain and unequivocal radiologic changes (1). The prevalence may be as high as 5% when using wider diagnostic criteria for axial spondyloarthritis (2), but the clinical manifestations and severity of symptoms vary substantially for this group of conditions.Although risk assessment instruments may be useful to identify persons at higher risk for ...References1. Deyo RA, Rainville J, Kent DL. What can the history and physical examination tell us about low back pain? JAMA. 1992;268:760-5. [PMID: 1386391] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Underwood MR, Dawes P. Inflammatory back pain in primary care. Br J Rheumatol. 1995;34:1074-7. [PMID: 8542211] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Weisman MH, Chen L, Clegg DO, Davis JC, Dubois RW, Prete PE, et al. Development and validation of a case ascertainment tool for ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2010;62:19-27. [PMID: 20191487] doi:10.1002/acr.20009 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=L14-0377. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoLow Back Pain Roger Chou Metrics Cited byManual Lifting Standards: Ergonomic Assessment and Proposals for Redesign for Industrial Applications 18 November 2014Volume 161, Issue 10Page: 762KeywordsAlgorithmsAnkylosing spondylitisDisclosureLikelihood ratioLower back painMedical risk factorsPositive predictive valueRisk assessmentsSpecificity ePublished: 18 November 2014 Issue Published: 18 November 2014 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2014 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
On some inequalities relative to the Pompeiu–Chebyshev functional

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this paper we study the utility of the functional Pompeiu–Chebyshev in some inequalities. Some results obtained by Alomari will be generalized regarding inequalities with Pompeiu–Chebyshev type functionals, in which linear and positive functionals intervene. We investigate some new inequalities of Grüss type using Pompeiu’s mean value theorem. Improvement of known inequalities is also given.