jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Microwave comb generation using single-mode Fabry-Perot laser diode

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We propose and demonstrate a new technique of generating microwave frequency comb using single mode Fabry-Pérot laser diode (SMFP-LD). The SMFP-LD is obtained by modifying the commercially available FP-LD by adding an external cavity, which provides only single longitudinal mode at the output and has a tunability range of about 10 nm. The basic principle involve with this technique is the injection of the modulating beam to any of the side modes of the SMFP-LD in such a way that one of the sideband is locked with the corresponding injected mode. The injected beam has negative wavelength detuning to the corresponding mode whether it is the dominant mode or the side mode of a SMFPLD. By heterodyning the injected modulated beam and the corresponding side mode, frequency comb is generated using SMFP-LD that has the capability of tuning frequency comb spacing. The tuning of comb frequency spacing is obtained through changing the modulating frequency. The additional modulator is used to increase the power flatness and the bandwidth of comb generation. We measured and compared the output performance of the generated RF comb with and without additional modulator in terms of power flatness, and power and frequency stability.
Abstract 092: Vasospasm as a Consequence of IVIg Usage for GBS.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction The relationship between Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIg) and cerebrovascular vasospasm is poorly and incompletely understood. Some case reports have identified IVIg as potential therapy for vasospasm, while others have implicated it as a causative agent in primarily coronary artery vasospasm and the development of atypical angina. This case illustrates a situation in which a patient with Guillain‐Barre Syndrome (GBS) was started on IVIg and developed subsequent vasospasm with cerebral infarcts requiring intra‐arterial therapy. Methods Case Report Results Our patient is a 62 year old female with a history of cervicothoracic subdural hematoma status postevacuation with left leg weakness, hypertension, known right ICA aneurysm, and chronic left ICA occlusion who presented as a transfer from an outside facility where she initially presented with progressive back pain, lower extremity weakness, areflexia and dysautonomia. MRI brain initially demonstrated posterior‐predominant T2 hyperintensities affecting subcortial white tracts suggestive of PRES. Lumbar puncture demonstrated cytoalbuminologic dissociation supporting a superimposed GBS. IVIg was initiated, however the patient's mentation and examination declined. Repeat MRI demonstrates bilateral, posterior‐predominant acute multifocal ischemic infarcts. Vessel imaging demonstrated vasospasm of the basilar and bilateral anterior Circle of Willis. Oral Verapamil was initiated. Digital Subtraction Angiography confirmed these findings; intra‐arterial verapamil was utilized with significant improvement in the patient's examination. Conclusion IVIg has only a weak association with coronary artery vasospasm, however is heavily implicated in the onset of this patient's diffuse vasospastic ischemic disease. Prompt identification and aggressive initiation of treatment is essential in minimizing the burden of ischemic stroke and optimizing outcomes for these complex patients.
Cervical Epidural Rhabdomyosarcoma with a Leukemia-like Presentation in an Aged Patient

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 77-year-old female presented with rhabdomyosarcoma manifesting as leukemia-like indications. Neuroimagings detected cervical and paravertebral masses. Immunohistochemical study of the surgically excised mass lesion from the cervical spine established the correct diagnosis. This leukemia-like presentation of rhabdomyosarcoma requires a multidisciplinary approach to establish the correct diagnosis and treatment.
Backpacker Rohani: An Effort to Cultivate Moderate Insights Based on Islamic Religious Education Teaching Materials

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The learning process requires teaching materials that are useful for making it easier for educators to convey information on teaching materials in the form of materials. The development of teaching materials is needed in order to support learning needs. This study describes the development of spiritual backpacker-based teaching materials as an effort to inculcate the value of religious moderation. The research process is field research using a phenomenological approach. MI Alam Alfa Kids was used as the research location to collect concrete data. sources of data in the form of interviews, observations, and documentation as the main data. The analysis was carried out by presenting data, reducing it, and concluding. The results of this study are: 1) the development of spiritual backpacker-based teaching materials is the development of teaching materials that are adapted to the learning designs at MI Alam Alfa Kids, namely spiritual backpacker-based learning as an effort to instill the value of religious moderation; 2) Spiritual backpacker teaching materials give participants firsthand experiences of being directly connected to the community environment, giving them open insight into how to be moderate. 3) Teaching materials have advantages, including an integrated learning process with the environment, fostering student inquiry, and training students to live tolerantly in community. The drawbacks of this model are that not all subjects can be developed using it; it requires special time; not all ages can apply spiritual backpacker-based teaching materials; and the implementation of teaching materials must be accompanied by more than one teacher.
Integrating nested spatial scales: implications for the coexistence of competitors on a patchy resource

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

1. Intraspecific aggregation at a single spatial scale can promote the coexistence of competitors. This paper demonstrates how this same mechanism can be applied to the many systems that are patchy at two scales, with patches nested within ‘superpatches’. 2. Data are presented from a field study showing that insects living in rotting fruits have aggregated distributions in the fruits under a single tree, and that the mean density and degree of aggregation varies significantly among trees. Observations in this system motivate the following models. 3. A model of competition has been developed between two species which explicitly represents spatial variation at two scales. By integrating the probability distributions for each scale, the marginal distributions of competitors over all patches can be found and used to calculate coexistence criteria. This model assumes global movement of the competitors. 4. Although spatial variation at a single scale may not be sufficient for coexistence, the total variation over all patches can allow coexistence. Variation in mean densities among superpatches and variation in the degree of aggregation among superpatches both promote coexistence, but act in different ways. 5. A second model of competition between two species is described which incorporates the effects of limited movement among superpatches. Limited movement among superpatches generally promotes coexistence, and also leads to correlations among aggregation and the mean densities of competitors.
The 9 Common Stereotypes When It Comes To Top Fake ID

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Lots of people are now utilizing fake IDs to stay clear of spending for products, enrollments, as well as transport. Various kinds and cities have lots of groups for ID, yet a fake ID is a good deal because of all the various ways it might be utilized. Age constraints or various other characteristics prevent many people from engaging in numerous activities. Therefore they can not obtain a certain kind of identification card. When the need for fake IDs arises, they might be quickly produced with seals and also number tags that are hard to differentiate from actual IDs.
Modality, Modal Epistemology, and the Metaphysics of Consciousness

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Cartesian modal arguments for property dualism presuppose that facts about the essential natures of pain and other qualitative properties can be grasped a priori by merely conceiving of them or imagining them. This chapter argues that this presupposition fails. It then proposes a theory of metaphysical necessity that in effect reduces it to the subjunctive conditional — to say that it is metaphysically necessary that p, it claims, is equivalent to saying that p would be the case no matter what else was the case. Using this theory of metaphysical necessity as a foundation, the chapter gives an account of how claims concerning metaphysical necessity can be known to be true. This account allows that such claims can, in many cases, be known a priori, but it implies that in many other cases, our grasp of them is a posteriori. The account sustains the criticisms of Cartesian modal arguments offered in the early sections of the chapter.
Age as an influencing factor for service recovery and compensation in the German public transportation sector

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate and analyse the attitude and behaviour of consumers of a certain age group towards service failures, service recovery and the elements that are included during the recovery process, especially focusing on compensation. \nThe data has been gathered with the help of in-depth interviews with five respondents. The author has constructed a semi-structured questionnaire and has met the respondents for face-to-face interviews to be able to collect as much information as possible. To facilitate the understanding of the thesis, the author presents relevant researches executed by other authors and compares and contrasts her findings with the results of those. \nThe findings of this research show the importance service recovery has among customers of the age group 19-28. The results show that the respondents can forgive service failures when the service recovery is implemented well and matches their own expectations. When service recovery is missing or does not correlate with the needs and wishes of the customers, the perception towards the firm is influenced negatively and the customers show a higher probability to switch the provider, look for alternatives or spread negative word-of-mouth. In relation to the context factor, it is shown that the Deutsche Bahn operates a two-class treatment towards its customers that leaves one part of the customer pleased with the service provider and the other half highly unsatisfied. \nPrevious research has pointed out certain phenomena which this thesis also addresses. The Service Recovery Paradox (McCollough, 2009) has been achieved but under uneconomic terms. This research also agrees with the findings that the existence of the Paradox is highly dependent on external factors (Magnini, 2007). In regard of the possible effects of overcompensation, the majority of the respondents’ answers contradict the assumption that offering too much compensation has a negative impact on the perception of the firm (Boshoff, 2012).
Purification and preliminary characterization of exo-beta-D-fructosidase in Streptococcus salivarius KTA-19

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Streptococcus salivarius fructosidase (beta-D-fructan fructohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.80) was purified to homogeneity. The molecular weight of the fructosidase was estimated to be 83,000 to 85,000 by gel filtration and by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The pH optimum of the enzyme was 7.0, and the isoelectric point was pH 4.7. The purified enzyme preparation hydrolyzed levan, inulin, and several 2-beta-linkage-containing oligosaccharides such as sucrose and raffinose, but not melezitose, dextran, and pseudonigeran. The fructosidase was inhibited by Fe3+, Cu2+, Hg2+, and Ag+, but not by Ca2+, Co2+, Mg2+, and Zn2+, at a concentration of 10(-3) M. Mn2+ was particularly effective in stimulating activity at the same concentration. The presence of either EDTA or KCN also increased fructosidase activity by 20 to 30%. The enzyme was susceptible to sulfhydryl reagents since p-chloromercuribenzoate (10(-7) M) produced 63% inhibition of the activity. However, this inhibition was overcome in the presence of cysteine. This enzyme acts as an exofructosidase since thin-layer chromatographic analysis revealed that D-fructose was formed from levan or inulin by the action of the enzyme.
Interaction between Brain Regions during Semantic Processing in Chinese Adults

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and dynamic causal modeling (DCM) methods, we investigated the neural correlates of meaning processing in different brain regions and calculated the inter-connection among these regions during semantic judgments to visual Chinese characters. Twentyfive healthy Chinese adults were asked to indicate if character pairs were related in meaning. Experimental stimuli were character pairs that included semanticallyrelated and semantically-unrelated pairs. The behavioral results showed that reaction times were significantly faster for the related condition than the unrelated condition. fMRI analyses showed greater activation in left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG, BA 45, 47), left posterior middle temporal gyrus (MTG, BA 21) and left fusiform gyrus (FG, BA 37) for the related versus baseline condition, and in left inferior parietal lobule (IPL, BA 39, 40) for the related versus unrelated condition. Effective connectivity from DCM analyses showed modulatory effects from left inferior frontal gyrus to left posterior middle temporal gyrus, suggesting top-down influences of the frontal cortex on retrieval of semantic representations. Effective connectivity analyses also showed modulatory effects from left posterior middle temporal gyrus to left inferior frontal gyrus, suggesting the role of MTG on providing relevant associations in verbal semantic memory for IFG to perform retrieval. We also found significant modulatory effects from left fusiform gyrus to left posterior middle temporal gyrus, suggesting bottom-up orthographic influences on semantic representations. These findings suggest dynamic interaction between brain regions during semantic processing to written characters in Chinese adults.
Enrichment of mixed cultures capable of aerobic degradation of 1,2-dibromoethane

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

1,2-dibromoethane (DBE) is a common environmental contaminant; it is potentially carcinogenic and has been detected in soil and groundwater supplies. Most of the biodegradation studies to date have been performed under anaerobic conditions or in the context of soil remediation, where the pollutant concentration was in the parts per billion range. In this work a mixed bacterial culture capable of complete aerobic mineralization of concentrations of DBE up to 1 g liter(-1) under well-controlled laboratory conditions was enriched. In order to verify biodegradation, formation of biodegradation products as well as the disappearance of DBE from the biological medium were measured. Complete mineralization was verified by measuring stoichiometric release of the biodegradation products. This mixed culture was found to be capable of degrading other halogenated compounds, including bromoethanol, the degradation of which has not been reported previously.
Unusual Presentation of Acute Annular Urticaria: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acute urticarial lesions may display central clearing with ecchymotic or haemorrhagic hue, often misdiagnosed as erythema multiforme, serum-sickness-like reactions, or urticarial vasculitis. We report a case of acute annular urticaria with unusual presentation occurring in a 20-month-old child to emphasize the distinctive morphologic manifestations in a single disease. Clinicians who care for children should be able to differentiate acute urticaria from its clinical mimics. A directed history and physical examination can reliably orientate necessary diagnostic testing and allow for appropriate treatment.
Multi-Facility Location Optimization to Analyze the Economics of Plastic Recycling Systems: A Study Integrating K-Means and Monte Carlo Methods

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Plastic waste recycling is essential for sustainable practices, but it suffers from inefficiency due to a lack of a secondary market and difficulties in separating the plastic resins. Plastic recycling is improving substantially as technology (especially sensing technology) advances and the need for post-consumer plastic resin grows. The economics and logistics of plastic recycling plants, on the other hand, are uncertain, due to feedstock availability, logistics, and market price availability. Furthermore, pyrolysis and chemical recycling facilities are entering the market for post-consumer plastics, which has the potential to change the economics of the system and create additional demand for clean streams of waste plastic. This study combines plastic recycling facility logistics (sorting technology) to examine economic viability and determine how transportation and facility size (i.e., clusters) affect profitability under a variety of scenarios. To achieve these objectives, the study leverages available data on the number of post-consumer plastics suppliers to locate central sorting locations by employing a K-means clustering method. This work aims to identify the optimum number of recycling facilities and their locations in the United States to make a recycling system economically viable. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to evaluate the effects of the price of plastic resin, plastic composition, the end-of-life fate of different resins, and the number of centroids on the profitability of the recycling facility. Depending on the scenario, the profit generated by recycling facilities can vary from −$197 million to $112 million. Key factors such as the sale price of resin in the secondary recycling market, transportation type and cost, and whether polypropylene is sent to secondary recycling or pyrolysis facilities are critical variables influencing the profitability of the recycling system. The plastic composition and fate of polypropylene (recycling vs pyrolysis) strongly affect the profitability of the recycling facility. The amount of HDPE and PET, both resins with existing recycling markets are key factors for economic viability. The introduction of additional recycling centers (or clusters) results in a substantial reduction in transportation costs. However, the creation of additional recycling centers results in increased operating and capital costs per ton of plastic waste processed. The optimal number of facilities is then driven by the tradeoff between capital costs and the total transportation distance and mode of transportation used. It was identified that shipping waste plastic via train dramatically decreased transportation costs over conventional semi-truck transportation. This work is aimed at identifying potential opportunities for better plastic end of life fates and identifying the circumstances in which the recycling facilities will be viable over the long term.
Point-of-care biosensor for stroke biomarker detection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There is demand for Point-of-care devices for stroke sub-type diagnostic application. Current lateral flow assays demonstrated high specificity but low sensitivity. The Stackpad biosensor is a modification to the lateral flow assays in order to achieve a more sensitive Point-of-care device. The proof of concept was done earlier for detection of bacteria. This report optimized the factors affecting the Stackpad biosensor, allowing for further developmental testing of the device with actual samples and target stroke biomarkers. It worked on improving the flow by observing ink and water flow in the device. Membrane modification procedures and the colorimetric signal were studied by comparing with both the ELISA and Stackpad testing. After optimization, the flow of the novel device was improved with the separation layer and addition of Tween20. The Stackpad biosensor also takes less than 5 minutes to achieve response. The procedure for immobilizing HRP-conjugated antibodies on the Conjugate and release pads was also optimized to achieve acceptable level of signals. TMB was also determined to be a suitable colorimetric substrate in a 1-step Point-of-care device.
Investigation of the Relationship Between Emotional Well-being and Coping Behavior in Adolescence

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The subject of the study is an empirical analysis of the relationship between the level of emotional well-being and coping behavior of adolescents In the course of the study, a technique for diagnosing stress-coping behavior was used (D. Amirkhan). In order to assess socio-psychological distress and destructive behavior, an express assessment map was developed, including a study of socio-environmental (social distress, social maladjustment, sustained social isolation) and psychological markers (accentuated features of age-related personality development, destructive communication/aggression, psychological maladjustment, autoaggression). Thanks to the correlation analysis carried out according to the r-Spearman criterion, it was possible to establish the essential interrelations of socio-environmental markers of emotional distress of adolescents with coping strategies. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the reaction of adolescents to socio-environmental distress is associated with the ability to overcome difficult life periods. With the ability of a teenager to independently resolve existing difficulties or turn to social support, it is easier for a teenager to endure external disharmony, which allows him to maintain emotional stability. In conditions when a teenager does not have constructive ways of coping and is not ready to tell others about his experiences, social distress is aggravated by emotional disharmony, which leads to the development of stable social isolation and autoaggression. Also in our article, ways of working with adolescents with different levels of emotional distress were proposed.
Strategies proposed by preservice teachers to foster their students’ creativity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this study, we aim to analyse the preservice teachers’ perspectives on creativity, in particular, if they consider that creativity can be developed, and their strategies to foster students’ creativity. The participants are 43 preservice teachers who were taking a master’s degree to become teachers of secondary school. The master’s program did not include a specific training in creativity. They answered a questionnaire about creativity and then three of them were interviewed. We did a content analysis of their answers. Most of the preservice teachers think that creativity can (and should) be developed in the mathematics classroom. They suggest different strategies to foster students’ creativity that agree with literature, but solving open-ended problems stands out among the rest of strategies.