jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Changes of Noninvasive Hemodynamic Parameters after Device-Guided Slow Breathing Exercise in Hypertensive Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The device-guided breathing (DGB) exercise is a non-pharmacological treatment of high blood pressure (BP). Changes in hemodynamic variables after DGB remain to be defined. This study evaluated the hemodynamic effects of DGB in hypertensive patients. Methods: Fifty-nine hypertensive individuals (male, 56%; age, 44 ± 10 years) with systolic BP (SBP) in the range of 140 to169 mm Hg and diastolic BP (DBP) < 105 mm Hg were divided into two group: control group (n = 17) vs. DGB group (n = 42) who slowed respiratory rate by using 15 minutes daily DBG (RESPeRATE) over 8 weeks. Heart rate, BP and hemodynamic parameters including cardiac index (CI), thoracic fluid content (TFC), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) and total arterial compliance index (TACI) were measured using the ICG Monitor (CardioDynamics) at baseline and study end. Results: Baseline characteristics were not different between the two groups. Office BP (SBP/DBP) was reduced from baseline to end value by 13.2 ± 11.1/6.9 ± 7.5 mm Hg in DGB group and 2.2 ± 6.9 /0.5 ± 6.6 mm Hg in control group (p = 0.001, p = 0.004, respectively). Heart rate, CI, stroke index, and TFC were not changed in both groups. However, the SVRI was lower and the TACI was higher in DGB group than control group (SVRI: 2,728 ± 599 vs. 3,141 ± 714 dyne sec m2/cm5, p = 0.002; TACI: 0.845 ± 0.194 vs. 0.761 ± 0.184 mm Hg/mL/m2, p = 0.041). Conclusions: Daily device-guided breathing exercise for 8 weeks lowers the BP mediated by reducing the systemic vascular resistance and increasing the total arterial compliance without changes in heart rate and CI.
MATURE CD83+ DENDRITIC CELLS ACTIVATE DECIDUAL NK CELLS

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Problem: The influence of decidual dendritic cells (DC) on decidual NK cells was investigated. Material and methods: Distribution of CD83+ cells in early pregnancy decidua was analysed in comparison with trophoblast invasion and NK cell-infiltration using immunohistology. Phenotype, origin, maturation state and cytokine expression of DC were detected by flow cytometry. Magnetically purified CD56+ and CD83+ cells were co-cultured. Proliferation CFSE assay, CD69 and cytolytic mediators expression in NK cells were analysed. Results: CD83+DC were found in the vicinity of NK cells at the area of trophoblast invasion and expressed CD86, HLA-DR and CD11c in vitro. DC expressed also IL-15, IL-18 and IFNgamma. CD83+DC increased proliferation, CD69 and cytolytic mediator expression in decidual NK cells. Conclusion: Mature decidual DC of mostly myeloid origin are capable to activate decidual NK cells in vitro. The investigation was supported by Croatian Ministry of Science, Grant No. 0062029 and European FVI Project (EMBIC, LSHM-CT-2004-512040, NoE).
Catalytic Effect of Several Metals on the Oxidation of Lubricating Oils

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Considerable evidence has accumulated to show that aluminum is especially well adapted for the construction of many types of equipment for handling lubricating oils such as sumps, coolers, pistons, pumps, crankcases, and tubing. Therefore, to gain more quantitative data, a study has been carried out at the Aluminum Research Laboratories to compare the effects of various metals and alloys on the properties of lubricating oils at several temperatures. On the basis of this investigation, it appears that aluminum alloys and stainless steel have only a very slight or no catalytic effect on the oxidation of mineral oils and are more resistant than many of the other metals evaluated. Copper and low-carbon steel were found definitely to have an adverse effect upon the properties of the oils.
Red Meat Consumption and Risk Factors of Lung Cancer Among Never Smokers A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study in Bangladeshi Population

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In Bangladesh, non-smoker lung cancer is rising due to dietary, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Objective: This study aims to explore the association between red meat consumption, lifestyle factors, and lung cancer risk among non-smoker populations in Bangladesh. Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University and Delta Medical College & Hospital. A total of 332 participants (166 cases, 166 controls) aged 30–65 years were included. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, dietary patterns, behavioral factors, and clinical history. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using SPSS version 25. Results: This study involved 332 participants, with 166 cases and 166 controls matched by age and gender. The mean age of cases was 48.6±9.2 years, while controls had a mean age of 43.8±8.6 years. The mean BMI was 21.2±2.3 for cases and 22.0±2.5 for controls. Red meat consumption was significantly associated with an increased risk of lung cancer, with 59.6% of cases regularly consuming red meat compared to 45.8% of controls (OR=1.75, p=0.011). Passive smoking increased the risk of lung cancer by four times (OR=4.01, p<0.0001). Protective factors included regular vegetable intake (OR=0.37, p=0.001) and tea or coffee consumption (OR=0.57, p=0.042). Conclusions: Red meat consumption and passive smoking are major risk factors for lung cancer in non-smokers. Protective factors include regular intake of vegetables and tea or coffee. Targeted health interventions are necessary to reduce lung cancer risks.
Path planning of UAV in water environmental monitoring

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In water environmental monitoring,unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) can not monitor all the areas at a time due to the influence of its physical properties and risk factor.So it’s extremely important to bring the service efficiency of the UAV into full play.The optimal path planning problem of the UAV for water environmental monitoring is presented and a mathematic model of the problem is built up.On the basis of this,a geneticsimulation annealing algorithm is presented.The computational amount is decreased,a method combined of both grid space indication and directional code is adopted.The simulation test result indicates that this method can get a better solution than genetic algorithm and it can resolve the path planning problem of the UAV for water environmental monitoring effectively.
Fronthaul Load-Reduced Scalable Cell-Free massive MIMO by Uplink Hybrid Signal Processing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes hybrid signal processing schemes for the uplink cell-free massive MIMO; these schemes serve to reduce fronthaul loads to obtain a scalable centralized processing architecture. In this architecture, received signals of multiple receive antennas at the access points (APs) are compressed into fewer streams by local spatial signal processing and then the streams are forwarded to a central processing unit (CPU) via fronthaul, and the CPU performs scalable processing for channel estimation and signal detection based on partial minimum mean squared error (PMMSE). We propose two kinds of concrete local signal processing methods for this hybrid processing architecture: one is based on MMSE, and the other is based on principal component analysis (PCA) with eigenvalue decomposition (EVD). For the EVD, a local vector selection based EVD (LVS-EVD) that selects uniform number of eigenvectors for each AP in a standalone way, and a global vector selection based EVD (GVS-EVD) that determines the dimensions of the weight vector of each AP in the CPU, are further considered. Computer simulations verify the approaches and compare their effectiveness. In addition, we show that the GVS-EVD scheme can be operated with significantly reduced fronthaul loads without severe performance degradation.
Interference and Fermions and Bosons Part II

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Two particle product type wavefunctions may be created so as to be symmetric (bosons) or antisymmetric (fermions) on then interchange of the identical particles. As a result, spatial density at a point does not change upon interchange. This approach, however, appears to be mathematical in nature. In Part I of this note, we argued that exp(ipx) free particle momentum wavefunctions within a bound wavefunction W(x) interfere and that full wavefunctions Wn(x) in a linear combination also do the same. As a result, probability interference is ultimately linked to the physical mechanism associated with the periodic exp(ipx) wave behind the Pauli rule that fermions may not occupy the same quantum state. In this note, we try to extend this idea and argue that one does not simply exchange identical particles in the wavefunction as a mathematical procedure, but that actual exchange may occur in the probabilistic quantum mechanical case. We note that a time-independent treatment of scattering from a target already includes the idea of “negative” or out of phase interference within a wavefunction W(x)= exp(ikz) + f(theta, phi) exp(ikr)/r so as to remove some incoming flux as outgoing scattered flux now exists. We suggest that the “minus” sign used in the antisymmetric fermion wavefunction behaves in a similar manner. In (1), we argued that W(x)W(x) in a bound state includes all possible a(p1)exp(i p1 x) a(p2)exp(i p2 x) combinations and represented a product probability. In other words, a particle at x with p1 P(p1/x) may be knocked into p2 at x. Similarly, we argue that cross terms in a two particle fermion wavefunction represent flux W*b(x1)Wa(x1)W*a(x2)Wb(x2) flowing from out of states as an interchange occurs. Main terms such as W*a(x1)Wa(x1)W*b(x2)Wb(x2) represent the presence of particles in the a, b states. If a=b, the presence and flow probabilities cancel locally and there is a vanishing wavefunction i.e. the two fermions may not occupy the same state. We argue that one should be able to describe the Pauli exclusion rule in this manner and note that Feynman (2) has used probability arguments in boson scattering to argue the boson enhancement factor. In other words, the mathematical argument of a symmetric wavefunction is not used, but a more physical argument is given.
Desloratadine

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

3‐Hydroxy‐desloratadine‐glucuronide was the major circulating metabolite in humans. 3‐Hydroxy‐desloratadine, its glucuronide, and dihydroxy‐desloratadine glucuronides were the major metabolites in excreta.
‘Stromatolites’ built by sponges and microbes – a new type of Phanerozoic bioconstruction

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Two stromatolites' from Carboniferous and Triassic carbonates previously regarded as microbial bioconstructions are analysed and reinterpreted as sponge-microbial build-ups. The automicritic aggregations in these build-ups are similar to the previously reported fossils of keratose demosponges in showing moulded anastomosing filamentous structures. All the studied columnar or domal constructions were formed in turbulent water with high sedimentation rate. The Carboniferous build-ups were constructed in the shallow subtidal zone of an open shelf or a ramp. The laminations within the stromatolite-like columns are composed of alternating dark micritic laminae of sponge fossils and pale laminae of neomorphic microspars. The accretion of these columns is probably related to the repeated cycles of sponge growth, rapid lithification after burial, re-exposure and erosion, and settlement of new generations. The Triassic rocks are presumed to have been precipitated in a slightly evaporitic environment based on lithological features. They show a transition from planar laminae, which were formed under the influence of microbial mats, to stromatolitic columnar or domal build-ups, which are dominated by stacked micritic clumps of probable sponge fossils. The sponge-microbe alternation may have been controlled by variation of salinity. Comparable with a recent study, this work shows that sponge-related bioconstructions can be morphologically similar to microbialites in the level of mega- and mesostructures.
Coalescent-based species tree estimation: a stochastic Farris transform

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The reconstruction of a species phylogeny from genomic data faces two significant hurdles: 1) the trees describing the evolution of each individual gene--i.e., the gene trees--may differ from the species phylogeny and 2) the molecular sequences corresponding to each gene often provide limited information about the gene trees themselves. In this paper we consider an approach to species tree reconstruction that addresses both these hurdles. Specifically, we propose an algorithm for phylogeny reconstruction under the multispecies coalescent model with a standard model of site substitution. The multispecies coalescent is commonly used to model gene tree discordance due to incomplete lineage sorting, a well-studied population-genetic effect. In previous work, an information-theoretic trade-off was derived in this context between the number of loci, $m$, needed for an accurate reconstruction and the length of the locus sequences, $k$. It was shown that to reconstruct an internal branch of length $f$, one needs $m$ to be of the order of $1/[f^{2} \sqrt{k}]$. That previous result was obtained under the molecular clock assumption, i.e., under the assumption that mutation rates (as well as population sizes) are constant across the species phylogeny. Here we generalize this result beyond the restrictive molecular clock assumption, and obtain a new reconstruction algorithm that has the same data requirement (up to log factors). Our main contribution is a novel reduction to the molecular clock case under the multispecies coalescent. As a corollary, we also obtain a new identifiability result of independent interest: for any species tree with $n \geq 3$ species, the rooted species tree can be identified from the distribution of its unrooted weighted gene trees even in the absence of a molecular clock.
Conscientious objection to abortion provision: Why context matters

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Conscientious objection to abortion - a clinician's refusal to perform abortions because of moral or religious beliefs - is a limited right, intended to protect clinicians' convictions while maintaining abortion access. This paper argues that conscientious objection policies and debates around the world generally do not take into account the social, political, and economic pressures that profoundly influence clinicians who must decide whether to claim objector status. Lack of clarity about abortion policies, high workload, low pay, and stigma towards abortion providers can discourage abortion provision. As the only legal way to refuse to provide abortions that are permitted by law, conscientious objection can become a safety valve for clinicians under pressure and may be claimed by clinicians who do not have moral or religious objections. Social factors including stigma also shape how stakeholders and policy-makers approach conscientious objection. To appropriately limit the scope of conscientious objection and make protection of conscience more meaningful, more information is needed about how conscientious objection is practised. Additionally, abortion trainings should include information about conscientious objection and its limits, reproductive rights, and creating an enabling environment for abortion provision. Policy-makers and all stakeholders should also focus on creating an enabling environment and reducing stigma.
On the presence of prostatic secretion protein in rat seminal fluid

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The copulating plug collected from the tip of the penis from rats immediately after decapitation contains a protein very similar and probably identical to PSP (prostatic secretion protein); this protein has earlier been purified from rat prostatic cytosol and characterized. The protein present in the copulating plug interacts with [ 3 H]estramustine and binds to the antibody raised against rat PSP. The concentration of the protein in the copulating plug is 400 ng/mg of total protein, when measured using the radio immunoassay technique developed earlier for measurement of PSP in rat prostate. The [ 3 H]estramustine–protein complex formed in a preparation of the copulating plug has an apparent molecular weight of about 50,000 and a sedimentation coefficient of about 3S when analyzed using sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The complex was retained on Concanavallin‐A Sepharose indicating that the protein is a glycoprotein. Binding of the complex was also observed on hydroxylapatite and DEAE‐Sephadex columns, from which it ws eluted at 0.18 M KC1. Light microscope autoradiograms of rat sperms incubated with 125 I‐labeled PSP indicated that PSP is bound to all parts of the sperms. A macromolecule interacting with the PSP‐antibodies is also present in human seminal fluid but at a concentration considerably lower than in rat seminal fluid. The present study shows that a macromolecule probably identical to prostatic secretion protein is present in the copulating plug from the rat. The biological role of this protein in normal male fertility is discussed.
Reaction of difluorocarbene with propargyl esters and efficient synthesis of difluorocyclopropyl ketones

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Difluorocarbene generated from FSO2CF2CO2SiMe3 (TFDA) at 120 degrees C could reacted with terminal alkynes having an ester group at the a position to the triple bond. Difluorocyclopropenes were further converted to difluorocyclopropyl ketones under alkaline condition. Mechanism for the conversion was studied. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
[Clinicopathological features of acantholytic mammary Paget's disease: a report of 28 cases].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features of acantholytic mammary Paget's disease (AMPD). Methods: From January, 2010 to October, 2016, a total of 28 patients were diagnosed as AMPD in the Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The clinical and histopathological data of these patients were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The patients were all female. The mean age of onset was (51±15)years (range, 24 to 78 years). The median course of disease was 10.5 months (range, 3 months to 2 years). All the cases were unilaterally involved. The ratio of left breast involvement to the right breast involvement was 1.55∶1. In histopathological examination, all the cases showed acantholytic pattern. In addition to that, the prototypical pattern accounted for 50.0% (14/28) of all the AMPD cases. The frequencies of other different accompanied histopathological patterns were: 3 (10.7%) upper nest, 2 (7.1%) budding, 1 (3.6%) tall nest, and 1 (3.6%) sheet-like. Hailey-Hailey-disease-like acantholysis was observed in 18 patients (64.3%), whereas pemphigus-vulgaris-like acantholysis was noted in 7 patients (25.0%) and Darier's-disease-like acantholysis in 3 patients (10.7%). About 75.0% (21/28) of the AMPD cases were found to be accompanied with underlying breast cancers. There was no recurrence in 18 of 20 patients who completed treatment and were followed up for over 1 year. Conclusions: AMPD might involve the left breast more frequently. It is mostly associated with the prototypical pattern of mammary Paget's disease. Hailey-Hailey-disease-like acantholysis may be the most frequent subtype of AMPD. Most AMPD cases are associated with underlying breast cancers, but with a low recurrence rate after treatment.
Flavour retention in drying preconcentrated food liquids

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The loss of volatile flavours from food liquids during evaporative drying and freeze‐drying is independent of the relative volatility of the flavours and fully controlled by the rate at which the flavours can migrate to the evaporating surface. This rate of transfer is in solids and liquids without internal circulation directly proportional to the molecular diffusion coefficient of the flavour component. The diffusion coefficients of the flavour components are strongly dependent on water concentration and decrease much more steeply with decrease in water concentration than the diffusion coefficient of water. Below a critical water concentration the system becomes selectively permeable to water and completely impermeable to flavour molecules. The critical moisture content is dependent on the nature of the dissolved solids, and increases with increasing size of the flavour molecule and decreasing temperature. Drying conditions leading to a steep water concentration gradient and a rapid decrease in the water concentration at the liquid‐or solid‐gas interface down to the domain of selective permeability result in high flavour retention. The effect of these process conditions on retention have been studied experimentally for spray drying and freeze drying.
constantine's religion

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

When did constantine convert to christianity, and why? Historians are still debating these questions. after briefly reviewing the different points of view on this subject, this article attempts to define constantine's atti- tude to religio, on the basis of his writings, in particular his forty letters and speeches. after constantine abandoned his previous thinking on christianity, he came to think of religio as meaning christianity alone, understood as the religion which centres on a single god who is both om- nipotent and provident, on his son, whose teachings lead human beings to salvation, and on the one true church, whose unity he both desired and defended.
Organizing in the Digital Age: A Process View

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract The rise of digital technologies in organizations and societies calls for greater process theorizing to illuminate the mutual relations between technologies and organizing. Recent technological breakthroughs such as those related to machine learning-based Artificial Intelligence as well as geopolitical upheavals and the covid-19 pandemic have led to profound transformations in the ways we connect, communicate, and work. Process theorizing can help make sense of such changes by situating them temporally and by questioning human and technological agency. This chapter provides guideposts for researchers interested in investigating how digital technologies and organizing have evolved by introducing key concepts associated with process theorizing and by posing critical questions related to the growing prevalence upon sophisticated technologies. It also introduces and establishes connections among the contributions of this volume. It finally articulates several aspects that deserve further examination related to the utopian and dystopian aspects of the future of work and the potentials and challenges of digital trace data for process researchers interested in such aspects.