jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Vivaldi and Rome: Observations and Hypotheses

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Vivaldi's indebtedness to Roman models in his formative years as a composer has generally been recognized, although the Roman link is often viewed simplistically and inaccurately as an apprenticeship, stylistically speaking, with Corelli. A more careful review of the evidence leads to the conclusion that the Corellian features in his first three published collections were acquired at second hand via a slightly older generation of Venetian composers (Gentili, Albinoni, Caldara) rather than through independent study of Corelli. Undeniably, the pioneering concertos of op. 3 ( L'estro armonico , 1711) betray the strong influence of the Rome-based composer Giuseppe Valentini, whose Concerti grossi , op. 7, had been published the previous year in Bologna But the few manuscript works by Vivaldi that survive from this early period (notably the sonatas RV 60 and 779, and the concertos RV 402, 416 and 420) offer clear evidence that for ordinary purposes he remained as close as any of his Venetian contemporaries to the norms of the local tradition.
The Propensity to Purchase Private Brands by Chinese Consumers

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper presents research into the main factors influencing the purchase of private grocery brands by Chinese consumers. While there has been considerable research into private brands in a Western context, there has been limited research published to date relating to Chinese consumers. A preliminary literature review identified five variables, including price sensitivity, perceived quality difference, advertisement sensitivity, brand concern, and store image. Data were collected via a survey administered at a Carrefour store in Wuhan, Hubei Province, PRC, and analysed using ANOVA and correlation. The research showed that the propensity of Chinese consumers to purchase private brands was influenced by price sensitivity, perceived quality difference, advertisement sensitivity, and store image. As a result of these findings, the paper offers some suggestions for strategies that retailers can adopt when selling private brands.
Active learning of optics and photonics including virtual options

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Active learning strategies have been developed to enhance students' understanding of optics and photonics in the introductory physics course at the university, college and secondary levels. This paper will present examples of such activities that are designed to actively engage students in the learning process. These include activities using low-cost commonly available materials, those using technology and those designed for active, virtual learning. Research evidence of improved learning will also be presented.
Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Ascending Colon

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

上行結腸に発生した扁平上皮癌を経験したので報告する. 症例は51歳の男性で, 下腹部痛を主訴とし, 精査の結果, 多発肝転移を伴う上行結腸癌と診断し, 結腸右半切除術を施行した. 標本全割による病理組織学的所見では, 腺腫成分は認めたが, 腺癌成分は認めず, 角化像を認めたため, 中分化型扁平上皮癌と診断した. 第27病日に退院となったが, 第65病日に悪液質により死亡した. 本疾患の発生については, 腺腫成分を伴っていることより, 腺腫よりの発癌が示唆された. 本疾患は発見時すでに遠隔転移を来している症例が多いため予後不良であり, 集学的治療の改善により成績の改善が期待される.
On the decay of the trapped holes and the slow states in metal–oxide–semiconductor capacitors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We have compared the charge created in p-metal–oxide–semiconductor capacitors by Fowler–Nordheim injection from the gate and from the substrate. We have shown that an injection from the gate creates a negative charge, trapped holes, and positively charged slow states whereas an injection from the substrate creates a negative charge, slow states, and amphoteric neutral traps; once charged these neutral traps are discharged irreversibly, as are the trapped holes, by an appropriate gate bias. We have observed that the discharge of the trapped holes, and the charge or discharge of the slow states, obey the same general law, but the time response of the trapped holes is always shorter than the time response of the slow states. This general law is equivalent to the so-called ‘‘universal law,’’ which is the law which describes the time dependence of current observed in any dielectric in response to a step-function field.
Safety of a Novel Upper Esophageal Sphincter Balloon Dilator

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective The shape of esophageal dilators has not changed in over 350 years. Clinical and animal research suggests that the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) is not round but approximates a kidney shape and that cylindrical dilators may be suboptimal. The Infinity UES Dilation System has been developed specifically for the anatomic configuration of the UES. This study evaluates the safety of the UES‐specific Infinity Dilation System. Methods All patients undergoing dilation of the UES between January 1, 2022 and September 1, 2023 were included. Demographics, procedure indication, dilator type, minor adverse events, and major complications were abstracted. Minor adverse events, complications, and maximum dilation dimension (mm) were compared between groups. Results A total of 477 patients were included. Eight hundred and seventy‐three total UES dilations were performed. The primary indications for UES dilation were cricopharyngeus muscle dysfunction (43%) and stenosis from radiation toxicity (40%). Twenty‐three percent (202/873) of dilations were performed with an Infinity balloon, 31% (270/873) were performed using two conventional balloons placed side by side, and 46% (401/873) were performed with one singleton conventional balloon. The average maximum dilation dimension was 33 (±4.7) mm for Infinity balloons, 32 (±3.8) mm for two side‐by‐side balloons, and 18 (±3.4) mm for singleton balloons. There were three major complications with conventional balloons and none with Infinity balloons. There were no significant differences in minor adverse events between groups. Conclusions A UES‐specific esophageal dilator provides a greater maximum dilation dimension and appears to be at least as safe as dilation with a single cylindrical balloon designed to dilate the esophagus. Level of Evidence Level 3 Laryngoscope , 2024
Vitamin d in cardiovascular disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We read with much interest “Vitamin and Mineral Supplements: Do We Really Need Them?” As mentioned in the article, the use of multivitamin supplement is common, with 40–50% of people over the age of 50 using such supplements, resulting in a total sale approaching $28 billion dollars in 2011. [1] Currently, there is much enthusiasm surrounding vitamin D supplementation and its long-term effects on cardiovascular disease. Many recent prospective studies have shown a greater incidence of cardiovascular events among those people with vitamin D deficiency; however, there have been no randomized controlled trials evaluating vitamin D supplementation in primary prevention of predefined cardiovascular events. Fortunately, the VITAL trial (NCT01169259), a randomized controlled primary prevention trial evaluating whether supplementation of 2000 IU of vitamin D3 or 1 g of omega-3 fatty acids reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and cancer in otherwise healthy patients, is currently ongoing. [2] Hopefully, the VITAL trial will help us reach some conclusion about vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation.
Tobacco chewing habits and barriers in cessation among tobacco users: a survey from Western Rajasthan, India

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Tobacco chewing is a considerable public health concern leading to high mortality rates. In India, about 28.6% of the population consume one or another form of tobacco. Tobacco cessation is a very challenging process usually surrounded by various factors. The current work intended to assess tobacco chewing habits and barriers in cessation of tobacco chewing among tobacco users.Methods: This study was conducted among conveniently selected 101 tobacco chewers residing at Pratap Nagar, Jodhpur, Rajasthan. Data were collected through face to face interview by using self-structured barrier in tobacco cessation rating scale. Analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: Nearly 34% of tobacco users were chewing tobacco since 10-20 years. 68% of subjects consumed tobacco ≥5 times a day. All tobacco users tried to quit tobacco chewing at one or other point of time in life but quitting attempts were unsuccessful. Environmental barriers were more evident as compare to other barriers. Levels of barrier were found to have significant association with estimated amount of tobacco consumption per day number of attempts taken to quit tobacco chewing and history of smoking (p level <0.10).Conclusions: Tobacco remains preventable cause of mortality and morbidity in India. Despites of multiple attempts to quit tobacco chewing, most of tobacco users were not successful because of various barriers. There is need to have deep thoughtful deliberations on this concern. More visible and stringent awareness campaigns can be planned and implemented.
A DESCRIPTION OF METHODS FOR ANALYZING RAILROAD TERMINOLOGY AS A LINGUISTIC COMPONENT FOR PARTICULAR OBJECTIVES (ON THE MATERIAL OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The subject of this research is the approaches towards studying railway terminology as the language for specific purposes. Transport and namely railway terminology holds an important place in the terminological system of English language. The author explores the basic interpretations of the concept of “language for specific purposes”, as well as such approaches towards studying railway terminology of English language as semantic, structural and etymological. Semantic approach consists in classification of terms by semantic groups. Structural approach analyzes the number and nature of components that comprise terminological units in this area of LSP. Etymological approach reviews the origin and evolution of the meaning of terminological units. The scientific novelty consists in comprehensive description of the approaches towards studying language for specific purposes on the materials of professional field “railway transport”. Research methodology includes the analysis of scientific literature, analysis of dictionary definitions, comparative method, and diachronic analysis. The conclusion was made that the same approaches are applicable to the analysis of railway terminology and to the analysis of language for specific purposes of any other professional sphere. At the same time, systematicity and hierarchical pattern of the acquired classifications indicated a high level of formedness and systematization of terminology under review.
Brief Report: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Axial Psoriatic Arthritis: Extent of Disease Relates to HLA–B27

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To determine the prevalence, on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), of bone marrow edema lesions in symptomatic axial psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and to compare this prevalence with that in nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and its relationship to HLA–B27 status. Methods We performed a cross‐sectional audit of MRI scans of lumbar spine (L‐spine) and sacroiliac (SI) joints. Using the semiquantitative Leeds Scoring System in which bone marrow edema is graded from 0 to 3 according to severity of the lesions, MRI scans were scored independently by 2 expert readers who were blinded to the clinical characteristics of the patients. Concordant data from the 2 readers were used to report on definite lesions. Results MRIs from 76 patients with comparable age ranges were categorized into 3 groups: those from PsA patients, those from patients with nonradiographic axial SpA, and those from AS patients. HLA–B27 positivity was similar in PsA patients (10 of 33) and patients with nonradiographic axial SpA (10 of 24) and higher in AS patients (18 of 19). Total MRI scores (L‐spine plus SI joints) were higher in AS patients than in PsA patients ( P = 0.025) or in patients with nonradiographic axial SpA ( P = 0.007). A relationship was seen between the severity and extent of disease and HLA–B27 positivity in PsA patients, which was comparable to that in AS patients. HLA–B27–negative PsA patients had lower MRI scores than HLA–B27–positive PsA patients ( P = 0.03) and AS patients ( P = 0.006), whereas scores were similar in HLA–B27–positive PsA patients and AS patients. Similarly, MRI scores of HLA–B27–negative patients with nonradiographic axial SpA were lower than those of AS patients ( P = 0.01). Conclusion HLA–B27 positivity defines a group of patients with more severe axial bone marrow edema that is likely related to the classic AS phenotype. Clinically, HLA–B27–negative PsA is more likely to be reported as a “negative” MRI examination result.
Factors influencing trust and partnership in shipper-carrier relationship: How do these affect electronic trading transactions in South Korea?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In electronic trading transaction, forming trust is very important in business relations due to its anonymity feature or the many non-face-to-face transactions with numerous and unspecified interested parties. This study centered on the importance of trust and partnership in shipper-carrier relationships for the vitalization of electronic trading transactions in South Korea. Thus, this study aimed to identify the characteristics of cooperative relations between interested parties through trust and partnership, focusing on the carriage contract between shipper and carrier under an environment of electronic trading transactions. Specifically, this study drew determinants influencing the trust and partnership between shipper and carrier in electronic trading transactions through an empirical analysis of Korean trading companies. In terms of transaction cost, there may be an impact of transaction frequency on trust. Marketing literature judges that trust is formed when the seller tries to build up a trust relationship and when man-to-man interaction takes place frequently between the buyer and the seller. Also, in terms of the theory of relational contract, there may be significant impact on the formation of trust such as commercial information interchange and human networks, etc. To sum up, cooperation in transactions is influenced by trust in a carriage contract under electronic trading transaction, and trust is influenced by the frequency of transactions with a specific carrier, the specific carrier's capability to provide service, the specific carrier's sincerity, the specific carrier's reputation and the size of the business. Key words: Trust, partnership, e-trade, shipper-carrier relationship.
The bells of Santa Maria in Monserrato degli Spagnoli

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The history and the art of the Spanish national church in Rome, known as the church of Santiago, San Ildefonso and Santa Maria di Monserrato degli Spagnoli, has been the object of research. Nevertheless, its bells have not received any scholarly interest so far. This short contribution deals with these artefacts, four bells dated to the fifteenth, eighteenth and twentieth centuries. Their inscriptions and artistic features are described and placed in the evolution of bell casting in Rome. Moreover, two documents related to one of the bells (no. 2), the contract between the church and the bell founder and the receipt, are discussed. They provide details about the production of the bell in 1746.
Anatomical differences in patients with lumbosacral transitional vertebrae and implications for minimally invasive spine surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the neurovascular and anatomical differences in patients with lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) and the associated risk of neurovascular injury in minimally invasive spine surgery. METHODS The authors performed a retrospective study of CT and MR images of the lumbar spine obtained at their institution between 2010 and 2014. The following characteristics were evaluated: level of the iliac crest in relation to the L4–5 disc space, union level of the iliac veins and arteries in relation to the L4–5 disc space, distribution of the iliac veins and inferior vena cava according to the different Moro zones (A, I, II, III, IV, P) at the L4–5 disc space, and the location of the psoas muscle at the L4–5 disc space. The findings were compared with findings on images obtained in 28 age- and sex-matched patients without LSTV who underwent imaging studies during the same time period. RESULTS Twenty-eight patients (12 male, 16 female) with LSTV and the required imaging studies were identified; 28 age- and sex-matched patients who had undergone CT and MRI studies of the thoracic and lumbar spine imaging but did not have LSTV were selected for comparison (control group). The mean ages of the patients in the LSTV group and the control group were 52 and 49 years, respectively. The iliac crest was located at a mean distance of 12 mm above the L4–5 disc space in the LSTV group and 4 mm below the L4–5 disc space in the controls. The iliac vein union was located at a mean distance of 8 mm above the L4–5 disc space in the LSTV group and 2.7 mm below the L4–5 disc space in the controls. The iliac artery bifurcation was located at a mean distance of 23 mm above the L4–5 disc space in the LSTV group and 11 mm below the L4–5 disc space in controls. In patients with LSTV, the distribution of iliac vein locations was as follows: Zone A, 7.1%; Zone I only, 78.6%; Zone I encroaching into Zone II, 7.1%; and Zone II only, 7.1%. In the control group, the distribution was as follows: Zone A only, 17.9%; Zone A encroaching into Zone I, 75%; and Zone I only, 7.1%. There were no iliac vessels in Zone II in the control group. The psoas muscle was found to be rising away laterally and anteriorly from the vertebral body more often in patients with LSTV, resulting in the iliac veins being found in the “safe zone” only 14% of the time, greatly increasing the risk of vascular injury. CONCLUSIONS In patients with LSTV, the iliac crest is more likely to be above the L4–5 disc space, which increases the technical challenges of a lateral approach. The location of the psoas muscle rising away laterally and ventrally in patients with LSTV compared with controls and with the union of the iliac veins occurring more often above the L4–5 disc space increases the risk for iatrogenic vascular injury at the L4–5 level in this patient population.
Characterization of Lipschitz functions in terms of variable exponent Lebesgue spaces

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Our aim is to characterize the Lipschitz functions by variable exponent Lebesgue spaces. We give some characterizations of the boundedness of the maximal or nonlinear commutators of the Hardy-Littlewood maximal function and sharp maximal function in variable exponent Lebesgue spaces when the symbols $b$ belong to the Lipschitz spaces, by which some new characterizations of Lipschitz spaces and nonnegative Lipschitz functions are obtained. Some equivalent relations between the Lipschitz norm and the variable exponent Lebesgue norm are also given.
Use of SADIE statistics to study spatial dynamics of plant disease epidemics

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Using a previously developed stochastic simulation model for plant disease epidemics, the relationship of the SADIE aggregation statistic I a with initial epidemic conditions, spore dispersal distance, sampling quadrat size and other spatial statistics was investigated. Most variation in I a was attributable to the initial spatial pattern of infected plants and sampling quadrat size. The importance of initial spatial pattern on SADIE clustering indices (for patches and gaps) was also demonstrated using a number of selected data sets. Correlation of I a with clustering indices was close to 1·0. Epidemics arising from the regular and random initial patterns resulted in the smallest and greatest I a values, respectively, at sampling times after disease spread had occurred. Furthermore, the variability in I a between simulation runs also varied greatly with initial patterns, being lowest and greatest for the clumped and random initial patterns, respectively. I a increased initially and then decreased with increasing incidence, especially for the clumped and random initial patterns. Overall, the effect of median spore dispersal distance on I a was very small, especially for the random initial pattern. The correlation between I a and intraclass correlation was generally small and varied greatly between initial patterns. However, there was a high positive correlation between I a and a parameter describing the rate of decline of autocorrelation over spatial lags, indicating that I a , clustering indices and autocorrelations measure some common properties of patterns.
High Offset Stems are Protective of Dislocation in High Risk Total Hip Arthroplasty

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Spinal stiffness has been shown to increase risk of dislocation due to impingement and instability. Increasing anteversion of the acetabular component has been suggested to prevent dislocation, but little has been discussed in terms of femoral or global offset restoration. The purpose of this study is to quantify dislocation rates after primary THA using standard versus high offset femoral components and to determine how differences in offset affect impingement-free range of motion in a stiff spine cohort using a novel impingement model. Methods: 12,365 patients undergoing THA from 2016-2018 were retrospectively reviewed to determine dislocation rates and utilization of standard versus high offset stems. For 50 consecutive patients with spinal stiffness, a CT-based computer software impingement modeling system assessed bony or prosthetic impingement during simulated range of motion. The model was run 5 times for each patient with varying offsets. Range of motion was simulated in each scenario to determine the degree at which impingement occurred. Results: There were 51 dislocations for a 0.41% dislocation rate. Total utilization of high offset stems in the entire cohort was 49%. Of those patients who sustained a dislocation, 49 (96%) utilized a standard offset stem. The impingement modeling demonstrated 5 degrees of added range of motion until impingement for every 1mm offset increase. Conclusion: In the impingement model, high offset stems facilitated greater ROM before bony impingement and resulted in lower dislocation rates. In the setting of high-risk THA due to spinal stiffness, surgeons should consider the use of high-offset stems and pay attention to offset restoration.
A Comparative Study of Logistics Service Quality Dimensions in the British and Chinese Online Retailing Markets

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The advent of the Internet has brought the retail industry into the digital age. At the same time, logistics service quality (LSQ) has become a success factor of Internet retailers, whether in the UK where a mature e-commerce market has been established, or in China where the online shopping market is experiencing fast-growing development. This paper takes a comparative study of business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce in the UK and in China, focusing on LSQ dimensions and variables. The key issue is presented from the consumer-based perspective of a series of surveys undertaken in the UK and in China. The factor analysis indicates that LSQ has significant impact on customer satisfaction and loyalty in both countries, while consumers in the two markets put different values on the LSQ variables. The results confirm different levels of B2C e-commerce development in the two countries, and contribute to setting an LSQ measurement framework for the Chinese Internet retailers.