jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nanomaterial Categorization for Assessing Risk Potential To Facilitate Regulatory Decision-Making

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

For nanotechnology to meet its potential as a game-changing and sustainable technology, it is important to ensure that the engineered nanomaterials and nanoenabled products that gain entry to the marketplace are safe and effective. Tools and methods are needed for regulatory purposes to allow rapid material categorization according to human health and environmental risk potential, so that materials of high concern can be targeted for additional scrutiny, while material categories that pose the least risk can receive expedited review. Using carbon nanotubes as an example, we discuss how data from alternative testing strategies can be used to facilitate engineered nanomaterial categorization according to risk potential and how such an approach could facilitate regulatory decision-making in the future.
Perception and practice of preoperative teaching among Nurses in UiTM Medical Specialist Centre / Siti Aminah Isa and Nur Aina Farhana Hasni

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The aim of the study is to examine the perception and practice of preoperative teaching among nurses in UiTM Medical Specialist Centre, in the finite contact of time nurses have with patients is now boundless and produces a challenge for nurses to equip patients the preoperative teaching and factors that might be affecting their provision of such teaching to patients that undergo surgery. Although nurses act as critical educators in patient teaching, little is known about their perception of the importance of preoperative education, or about current practice in the provision of such teaching for surgical patients. In this study, a self-administered questionnaire containing a demographic data sheet and a preoperative teaching questionnaire (PTQ) was used. The questionnaire was adapted from Mordiffi et al. (2003), which consist of 3 parts. Part A: Demographic data (5 items), part B: Perception of nurses (2 tables comprised of 17 items evaluated using the Likert scale), part C: Preoperative patient teaching (3 tables and four questions consist of 24 items valued using the Likert scale). Previous study statement that shown disparity exist is differ to our findings that shows the relationship between perception and practice of nurse was good. In this study shown, most nurses found that the body language of patient, the type of questions patients ask and the language that the patient speaks were the top three factors affecting their practice. The abundant call of duty and finite workforce were believed to also influence nurses' delivery of preoperative patient teaching. The results improving the effectiveness of such teaching to enhance the care for surgical patients and emphasize the relevance of evaluating current preoperative teaching strategy.
Component composition of essential oil in the North American Pinus L. species introduced to the Southern Coast of Crimea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Background . Studying essential oils in conifers is of great scientific and practical interest due to their high bactericidal properties. Their volatiles play an important role in combating pathogenic microflora and removing harmful microorganisms from the air, thus benefiting human health. Conifers are highly effective as part of parklands and urban landscaping. Materials and methods . Pinus radiata D. Don, P. sabiniana Douglas and P. coulter i D. Don grown on the Southern Coast of Crimea were studied. Essential oil was extracted from pine needles by hydrodistillation on Ginsberg devices, and its component composition was analyzed using gas–liquid chromatography on a 6890N system with a 5973N mass selective detector. Results. Among the studied species, P. radiata manifested high essential oil content in needles: 0.15% on the wet weight basis (0.36%, dry weight). Under the conditions of the southern coast of Crimea, the major essential oil components in P. r adiata were β-pinene (29.5% of the total essential oil), α-pinene (21.2%) and limonene (12.4%); in P. sabiniana , phenylethyl butyrate (20.5%), limonene (15.2%) and α-pinene (13.7%); in P. coulteri, β-pinene (11.6%), δ-cadinene (11.0%) and α-pinene (10.6%). In the essential oil of P. radiata monoterpenes dominated (74.9%); in P. sabiniana , monoterpenes (38.7%) and their derivatives − alcohols (25.3%) and esters (20.5%); in P. coulteri, sesquiterpenes (38.2%) and monoterpenes (28.8%). Conclusion . The essential oils of P. radiata and P. sabiniana under different climate conditions contained mostly monoterpenes (β-pinene in P. radiata , and α-pinene in P. sabiniana) and their derivatives. The component composition of P. coulteri essential oil was the most variable, with a general tendency towards the predominance of sesquiterpenes and diterpenes; the ratio between those groups and the qualitative composition of sesquiterpenes both varied.
Increased temperature-related newspaper coverage and more negative sentiment during hot and cold extremes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

More frequent, intense, and prolonged temperature extremes due to climate change increase the risk of human morbidity and mortality. However, public perception of these risks is often low, while people's awareness is crucial to reducing the health impact of temperature extremes. News media plays a key role in raising awareness by providing essential information on heat waves and cold spells such as releasing warnings, sharing weather forecasts, and discussing impacts. Any sentiment conveyed within newspaper articles about temperature extremes, either through positive, negative, or neutral phrasing, can influence the audience's perception of risk and, potentially, their actions. Newspaper coverage of temperature extremes and the related sentiment may be influenced by multiple factors other than the actual temperature anomalies, such as political alignment or editorial decisions, but also potentially the countries&#8217; vulnerability to climate change.&#160;In this study, we analyze and compare the sentiment of temperature-related newspaper articles in eight countries (Israel, Malaysia, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapour, Pakistan, South Africa, and the United Kingdom) with different climates and societal vulnerabilities to climate change (food, water, health, ecosystem services, human habitat, and infrastructure). We consider leading English language, national newspapers and use daily maximum temperature data from the day of each article&#8217;s publication from the ERA5 reanalysis. The sentiment is determined in an automated way based on the fraction of positive and negative words in text. In addition to the sentiment, we determine whether or not each article mentions climate change.&#160;We find clear differences during times of extreme temperatures versus times with near-normal temperatures in all countries. During days with comparatively cold or warm temperatures (i) more temperature-related articles are published, (ii) their sentiments are more negative, and (iii) climate change is mentioned less frequently. While the latter finding is surprising, it suggests that there are unobserved confounding factors that require further research, which might relate to other events and anomalies occurring simultaneously. A comparison of the results across countries shows more negative sentiment and fewer mentions of climate change in countries with higher climate change vulnerability. Being aware of these media reporting patterns of extreme temperatures may help media outlets reassess their role in aiding public health responses.
033. URINE CALPROTECTIN AS DISEASE ACTIVITY AND PROGNOSTIC BIOMARKER IN ANCA-ASSOCIATED VASCULITIS (AAV)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

single cell solution.Fluorescently labelled antibodies were added prior to data acquisition using an LSR-Fortessa flow cytometer.Results: Tolerability: Of 7 patients who underwent nasal biopsy under local anaesthetic (LA), 5 reported no or mild discomfort.One patient reported severe discomfort attributed to insufficient anaesthetic.6 patients agreed to return for repeat biopsy.Complications: There were no major and 2 minor complications.Both minor complications were bleeding immediately post procedure.Hemostasis was immediately achieved by local cautery in both cases.Optimal biopsy site: Cell yields (total CD19þ and CD3þ cells) were highest from the posterior nasal space (PNS) site (median 38355 cells/biopsy, IQR 1002-97185) compared with the lateral wall (1136( , IQR 202-2596)), septum (236, IQR 175-1030) and inflamed area (197,.Despite superior cell yields from the PNS, significant variation between samples was observed.4 of 7 samples had enough cells for adequate immunophenotyping.Conclusion: Nasal biopsy taken under LA in the outpatients setting was safe and well tolerated.The PNS was the optimal biopsy site but sample quality was variable.Cell yields were generally sufficient to adequately examine lymphocyte subsets and our protocol has been modified to maximize PNS cell yield.This technique may therefore be used in future studies to assess the effects of B/T cell depletion therapies at the tissue level in patients with vasculitis.
Long-Chain Fatty Acids in Health and Nutrition

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The health benefits of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFA) are well established for cardiovascular disease, maternal and infant nutrition and certain inflammatory diseases. New research is leading scientists to study neurological disorders that may have their etiology in fatty acid deficiencies. Many organizations and governments now recognizing the dietary need for LC fatty acids are making intake recommendations. Until the development of special refined highly unsaturated omega-3 oils the possibilities of fortifying foods with these ingredients for health was not possible. Special refining techniques, antioxidants and application developments have combined making addition to foods possible. Infant and maternal formulas are well established but functional foods with combinations of beneficial ingredients are entering the mainstream. Rising healthcare costs, and aging populations are propelling the development of foods for health conscious consumers.
Research to realisation: the challenging path for novel pest management products in Australia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract In this Overview , we explore the linkages between basic research and the commercial development of novel pest management products in Australia. Despite the large volume of research in fundamental and applied aspects of entomology, very few new pest management products are developed and commercialised in Australia. Reasons for this include demanding and expensive regulatory requirements which (as in many other countries) mean that commercial development is the province of large multinational agrochemical companies. We describe the Australian regulatory system and the opportunities and difficulties it can present, using examples from recently registered Australian products, Magnet ® moth attractant and the MOOV ® range of insect repellents. The science behind these products is described in a series of papers in this issue of Australian Journal of Entomology . We also explore some of the commercial imperatives in novel product development, and aspects of the interactions between researchers and commercial partners. Finally, we discuss potential advantages of Australia as a locale for commercial development of novel products.
Repurposing of Metformin to Improve Survival Outcomes in Patients With Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Purpose Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) presents a higher incidence rate in Taiwan compared to Western societies. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of metformin in improving survival outcomes for patients with UTUC in Taiwan. Material and Methods This retrospective study included 940 patients with UTUC and type 2 diabetes from the Taiwan UTUC Collaboration Group, spanning 21 hospitals from July 1988 to September 2023. Patients were divided into two groups: those treated with metformin ( n = 215) and those without metformin treatment ( n = 725). Parameters analyzed included age, BMI, renal function, tumor grade and location, and pathological staging. Oncological outcomes measured were overall survival (OS), cancer‐specific survival (CSS), and bladder recurrence‐free survival (BRFS). Statistical analysis involved the use of Student's t ‐test, Mann–Whitney test, Chi‐squared test, Fisher's exact test, and Cox proportional hazard regression. Results Significant differences were observed between the two groups in BMI, preoperative creatinine, eGFR, tumor location, tumor laterality, tumor size, and pathological grade and T stage. Patients treated with metformin exhibited a lower risk of CSS (HR = 0.619; p = 0.018) and improved OS (HR = 0.713; p = 0.024), although no significant association was found with BRFS (HR = 1.034; p = 0.791). The protective effect of metformin on OS was particularly significant in patients with advanced T stage, metastasis, and high‐grade tumors. Conclusion The study suggests that metformin use in UTUC patients with diabetes is associated with improved OS and CSS but not BRFS. The underlying mechanisms warrant further investigation. Repurposing metformin, a well‐established and safe drug, may develop new therapeutic strategies for UTUC.
Toll‐deficient Drosophila is susceptible to Pythium insidiosum infection

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT There is a paucity of animal models of pythiosis, a life‐threatening disease of humans and animals, the immunopathogenesis of which is poorly understood. A pythiosis model was developed by injecting Toll ( Tl )‐deficient Drosophila melanogaster flies with Pythium insidiosum zoospores. The infected Tl mutant flies had significantly lower survival rates (73.7%) than did control flies. This study reveals the important role of Tl pathway activation in fly immune response to pythiosis.
Rational design of lanthanide nano periodic mesoporous organosilicas (Ln-nano-PMOs) for near-infrared emission

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Three nano-sized Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas (PMOs) were synthesized and post-modification was employed to two PMOs to introduce Ln3+ coordination sites. Two PMOs (DPA-PMO and ePMO) showed characteristic NIR (Nd3+, Yb3+) emission.
The joy of foodwork: allergies, gendered foodwork and emotion work in parenting advice, 1991–2020

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

At a time when child health is receiving considerable attention, child feeding practices are under intense scrutiny as the site for developing healthy habits and preventing childhood illness. Previous scholars of foodwork detail the various types of labor involved in feeding children, purchasing foods, researching foods, preparing appealing meals, and managing emotions around these activities. Less scholarly attention has been given to the advice directed at parents - mothers in particular - about feeding children. Our study examines parenting advice on general feeding and feeding children with food allergies published between 1991 and 2020 in a Canadian mainstream parenting magazine. We build on Arlie Hochschild's concepts of emotion work and feeling rules, demonstrating that magazines instruct parents to manage emotions to create pleasurable eating experiences for children. We conclude with implications for studies of foodwork, emotion work and childrearing.
Concomitant T790M mutation and small‐cell lung cancer transformation after acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 70‐year‐old man was admitted to our hospital with an abnormal chest X‐ray shadow. Bronchoscopy revealed an adenocarcinoma tumour with an epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) exon 19 deletion. Positron emission tomography–computed tomography scanning and magnetic resonance imaging showed advanced stage IV lung cancer. He was treated with erlotinib as a first‐line drug, which maintained a clinical response for 16 months. After disease progression, a re‐biopsy was done from the tumour in the right lower lobe. The obtained specimen harboured both small‐cell lung cancer ( SCLC ) transformation with retention of the EGFR 19 deletion and the development of an EGFR T790M mutation. We came across a very rare condition of concomitant T790M mutation and SCLC transformation after acquired resistance to EGFR ‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
Effects of hemidecortication on the regulation of rat thyroid function.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

1. Thyroid function in hemidecorticate and control rats was studied by the measurement of oxygen consumption (under basal conditions and after cold exposure) and radioiodine (131 I) uptake by the thyroid after a low-iodine diet for 30 days. 2. The oxygen uptake of male and female hemidecorticate rats under basal conditions (29 degrees C) did not differ significantly from that of the controls. The values observed for both experimental groups were relatively constant, ranging from 40 to 75 kcal h-1 m-2 for 2 to 50-day-old animals. 3. When hemidecorticate and control rats, age 60-65 days, were exposed to 7-8 degrees C for 5-6 h, the oxygen consumption of the hemidecorticate rats increased (83-84 kcal h-1 m-2) but to a lower extent than that of the controls (105-106 kcal h-1 m-2). 4. The rate of radioiodine (131 I) uptake by the thyroid gland of hemidecorticate rats was also lower than that of controls when the animals were maintained on a low-iodine diet. 5. These results show that, under basal conditions, the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis of hemidecorticate rats does not differ from that of control rats. However, when exposed to cold the hemidecorticate animals were not able to increase their oxygen consumption to the extent achieved by the control groups.
Longitudinal changes in lung function in very prematurely born young people receiving high‐frequency oscillation or conventional ventilation from birth

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective To examine changes in lung function over time in extremely prematurely born adolescents. Working Hypothesis Changes in lung function during adolescence would vary by ventilation mode immediately after birth. Study Design Longitudinal follow‐up study. Patient Subject Selection Participants from the United Kingdom Oscillation Study who were randomized at birth to high‐frequency oscillation (HFO) or conventional ventilation (CV) were assessed at 11–14 years ( n = 319) and at 16–19 years ( n = 159). Methodology Forced expiratory flow (FEF), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and lung volumes including functional residual capacity (FRC) were reported as z‐scores. The diffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) was measured. Lung function trajectories were compared by mode of ventilation using mixed models. Changes in z‐scores were scaled to 5‐year average follow‐up. Results There were significant changes in the mean FEF75, FEF50, FEF25, FEV1, FVC, and DLCO z‐scores within the CV and HFO cohorts, but no significant differences in the changes between the two groups. The mean FRC z ‐score increased in both groups, with an average change of greater than one z ‐score. The mean FEV1/FVC z‐score increased significantly in the CV group, but not in the HFO group (difference in slopes: p = 0.02). Across the population, deterioration in lung function was associated with male sex, white ethnicity, lower gestational age at birth, postnatal corticosteroids, oxygen dependency at 36 weeks postmenstrual age, and lower birth weight, but not ventilation mode. Conclusions There was little evidence that the mode of ventilation affected changes in lung function over time.
MARGINAL PROOUCTIVITlES, SUBSTITUTES AND COMPLEMENTS IN BANGLADESH AGRICULTURE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper quantifies the rates of return of different agricultural inputs, and studies whether labour and fertilizers are substitutes complements. The study uses detailed farm level data based on the survey conducted by the International Food Policy Research Institute and Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies, covering sixteen villages in 1981-82. Different definitions of substitutes and complements are used. We find that the use of a price definition for classifying inputs as substitutes and complements is not possible when some of the inputs are not purchased in a market place. On the basis of a quantity definition, (fishers) fertilizer and labour are complements.
The Xeroderma pigmentosum syndrome: an experience of integral attention to children with special needs in Cuba

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aconsiderable part of the bibliography at present refers to the clinicalgenetic description of the Xeroderma pigmentosum syndrome as well as its consequences for the subjects that suffer it, in other cases it is dedicated to present sophisticated formulas to protect people from the ultraviolet rays, there are very few references to the needs that in the psychological, preventive and educational order emanate from the so-called “infants of the moon”. In order to contribute to solving this problem, a project was developed to improve education for the prevention and comprehensive educational care of children, adolescents and young people of school age who suffer from this syndrome. This article presents the dimensions and indicators defined in the research process to characterize the comprehensive educational care demanded by patients who, in different personal, family and social conditions, face the challenge of living with this peculiar condition
Stem Cell Tracking: Toward Clinical Application in Oncology?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Noninvasive cellular imaging allows the tracking of grafted cells as well as the monitoring of their migration, suggesting potential applications to track both cancer and therapeutic stem cells. Cell tracking can be performed by two approaches: direct labeling (cells are labeled with tags) and indirect labeling (cells are transfected with a reporter gene and visualized after administration of a reporter probe). Techniques for in vivo detection of grafted cells include optic imaging, nuclear medicine imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, microCT imaging and ultrasound imaging. The ideal imaging modality would bring together high sensitivity, high resolution and low toxicity. All of the available imaging methods are based on different principles, have different properties and different limitations, so several of them can be considered complementary. Transfer of these preclinical cellular imaging modalities to stem cells has already been reported, and transfer to clinical practice within the next years can be reasonably considered.