jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nanoporous Titania Coating of Microwell Chips for Stem Cell Culture and Analysis

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Stem cell research is today an active and promising field of research. To learn more about the biology of stem cells, technical improvements are needed such as tools to study stem cells in order to characterize them further and to gain insights to the molecular regulations of their maintenance, differentiation and identification. Common procedure when studying stem cells is to coat the surface where the stem cells are to be cultured with organic materials like matri-gel, poly-L-lysine and fibronectin. The resulting coating is usually relatively fragile and it is difficult to know if the coating is evenly distributed. In addition, these forms of coatings cannot be sterilized and re-used, but must be added as an initial, time-consuming step in the daily protocol. A microwell chip with hundreds of 500 nl wells has recently been shown to be a useful tool for stem cell culturing. This platform is here modified to facilitate and improve the coating conditions for adherent cell culture. A robust and highly porous film of TiO2 is deposited in the wells prior cell seeding. TiO2 is known to be biocompatible and provides a surface that is even and well characterized, simple to produce and re-usable. Furthermore it enables the microwell chips to be stored pre-coated for longer periods of time before use. We investigated the growth of rat mesenchymal stem cells on nanoporous titania films and found that they proliferated much faster than on conventional coatings. The combination of the robust TiO2 coating of the microwell chip enables thousands of individually separated single, or clones of, stem cells to be studied simultaneously and opens up the possibility for more user-friendly cell culturing.
Bombing Cultural Heritage: Nancy Cunard, Art Humanitarianism, and Primitivist Wars in Morocco, Ethiopia, and Spain

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article examines Nancy Cunard's later writing on Spain as a direct legacy of her previous projects as a modernist poet, publisher and black rights activist. Cunard was a rare analyst of the links between total war, colonial counter-insurgency, and cultural destruction. Noting the desire of both the air power theorist and art collector to stereotype peoples, from Morocco to Ethiopia to Spain, as ‘primitive’, the article brings original archival materials from Cunard's notes into dialogue with her journalism, and published and unpublished poetry, to examine how she reclaimed and repurposed primitivism. Her poems devise a metonymic and palimpsestic literary geopolitics, juxtaposing fragments from ancient cultures atop one another to argue, simultaneously, for Spain's essential dignity as both a primitive and a civilised nation. Cunard reconciles Spain's liminal status, between Africa and Europe, to argue for Spain's art, and people, as part of a syncretic, universal human cultural heritage, anticipating the art humanitarianism of organisations such as UNESCO.
Observation of robust edge mode and in-gap corner mode in Kagome surface-wave photonic crystals

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Recent theory has demonstrated that Kagome photonic crystals (PCs) support first-order and second-order topological phenomena. Here, we extend the topological physics of the Kagome lattice to surface electromagnetic waves and experimentally show a Kagome surface-wave PC. Under the protection of first-order and second-order topologies, both robust edge modes and in-gap corner modes are observed. The robust transport of edge modes is demonstrated by high transmission through the waveguide with a sharp bend. The localized corner mode is found at the corner with one isolated rod when a triangle-shaped sample is constructed. Our work not only shows a platform to mimic the topological physics in classical wave systems, but also offers a potential application in designing high-performance photonic devices.
A Study Of Quality Management In Small Organizations Providing Services Directed At People

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

<p class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: 0in; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">This paper reports on a study of managerial perceptions of the implementation of total quality management (TQM). Results of a survey covering small firms in northeastern Indiana providing services directed at people are presented. Aspects discussed include the unique nature of this category of service firms, TQM deployment, tools used, successes, failures, benefits, and problems encountered. The majority of respondents indicated their firms&rsquo; commitment to TQM but a significantly smaller proportion demonstrated notable engagement with and actual implementation of a formal TQM program. Even smaller percentages had benchmarked internal quality standards, used TQM tools and quality-enhancing activities, rewarded employees for successful quality performance, and involved suppliers in their quality programs. Strategic implications of these findings are considered.</span></span></p>
Entropy-Synchronized Neural Hashing for Unsupervised Ransomware Detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Entropy-based detection methodologies have gained significant attention due to their ability to analyze structural irregularities within executable files, particularly in the identification of malicious software employing advanced obfuscation techniques. The Entropy-Synchronized Neural Hashing (ESNH) framework introduces a novel approach that leverages entropy-driven hash representations to classify software binaries based on their underlying entropy characteristics. Through the synchronization of entropy profiles with neural network architectures, the model generates robust and unique hash values that maintain stability even when faced with polymorphic and metamorphic transformations. Comparative analysis against traditional detection approaches revealed superior performance in identifying novel threats, reducing false-positive rates, and achieving consistent classification across diverse ransomware families. The incorporation of a self-regulating hash convergence mechanism further ensured that entropy-synchronized hashes remained invariant across executions, minimizing classification inconsistencies that often arise due to dynamic modifications in ransomware payloads. Experimental results demonstrated high detection rates across contemporary ransomware strains, with the model exhibiting resilience against encryption-based evasion mechanisms, code injection strategies, and reflective loading techniques. Unlike conventional detection mechanisms that rely on static signatures and heuristic analysis, the proposed entropy-aware classification framework adapts to emerging threats through an inherent ability to capture entropy anomalies within executable structures. The findings reinforce the potential of entropy-based detection in addressing the limitations of traditional methodologies while enhancing detection robustness against obfuscation and adversarial evasion techniques.
Preliminary Study of Cardiovascular Manifestations and Cardiac Severity Scale in 58 Patients with Systemic Sclerosis in Iran Using the Medsger Scale

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Cardiac involvement in systemic sclerosis (SSc) is more prevalent than previously thought. In this study, the frequency and severity of cardiovascular involvement were assessed in SSc patients referred to Firouzgar Hospital.Methods: Fifty-eight patients with SSc, selected from the data bank of SSc patients, were reviewed for the frequency and severity of 8 organ involvements in this case series.The preliminary severity scale, published by international SSc study groups, was employed for the determination of theseverity grade in the cardiovascular system. In the cardiac scoring scale, grade 0 represents normal heart (no cardiac involvement), grade 1 denotes mild involvement [electrocardiography (ECG) conduction defect and a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 45-49%)], grade 2 signifies moderate involvement (arrhythmia, LVEF = 40-44%), grade 3 indicates severe involvement (LVEF <40%)], and grade 4 stands for end stage (congestive heart failure and arrhythmia requiring treatment).Results: In this study, 24 (41.4%) patients were in the diffuse cutaneous (dcSSc) subset. The female to male ratio was 10.5:1,and the mean duration from symptom onset to diagnosis was 7.35 years for the dcSSc subset and 8.41 years for the limited cutaneous (lcSSc) subset of disease, there being no significant difference. Cardiac involvement in this series was seen in 13 (22.4%) cases; and there was no significant difference in terms of frequency and severity between the two disease subgroups(p value = 0.96 and p value = 0.46 respectively).Conclusion: Our findings showed that the cardiac involvement in this series was infrequent and that there was no significant difference in the severity of cardiovascular involvement between the two subtypes of SSc in the late stage of the disease.
Lectotypification of Linnaean names for Flora Nordica (Brassicaceae ‐ Apiaceae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Linnaean names appearing in Flora Nordica in the families Brassicaceae ‐ Apiaceae (in the conventional family sequence of the Flora) are typified. The main sources for types are the Linnaean Herbarium (LINN), the Clifford Herbarium (BM), the Burser Herbarium (UPS) and the Iter lapponicum herbarium in Paris (LAPP), and cited illustrations. The study forms part of the “Linnaean Plant Name Typification Project” based at The Natural History Museum, London (BM). ‐ Flora Nordica notes No. 31.
Take time to “paws”: a quality improvement project utilizing facility dogs for staff support

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Supporting the resilience and well-being of frontline nursing staff and medical professionals is critically important. This quality improvement project aimed to assess the impact of facility dog visits on the well-being of frontline nursing staff and medical professionals, both individually and at the unit level. Over three months, facility dogs, their handlers, and members of the staff resilience team visited outpatient and inpatient nursing areas, engaging staff in brief interactions. Surveys were administered to participants before visit (pre-visit), immediately after visits, and post-visit. These surveys assessed demographic information, individual mood, and perceived unit mood. Response to the visits was captured through immediate and post-visit surveys, while burnout was evaluated in pre- and post-visit surveys. Open-ended comments were also elicited from respondents. Overall, 87 unit visits were conducted, involving over 500 hematology or oncology frontline healthcare professionals, and 792 surveys were completed across three timepoints. Most respondents identified as inpatient nurses. Immediately following facility dog visits, more than 90% of respondents reported improved individual and unit mood, and over 70% reported sustained improvements in unit mood in the post-visit survey. Respondents’ comments reinforced the benefits of facility dog visits for staff wellness and resilience. Facility dog visits promote the well-being of pediatric hematology/oncology nurses, both individually and at the unit level, and should be scheduled regularly and frequently. This project highlights the importance of supporting the well-being of healthcare professionals and is relevant for individual healthcare professionals, the institutions they serve, and the patients under their care.
Radiation hardness studies of AMS HV-CMOS 350 nm prototype chip HVStripV1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

CMOS active pixel sensors are being investigated for their potential use in the ATLAS inner tracker upgrade at the HL-LHC. The new inner tracker will have to handle a significant increase in luminosity while maintaining a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio and pulse shaping times. This paper focuses on the prototype chip HVStripV1 (manufactured in the AMS HV-CMOS 350nm process) characterization before and after irradiation up to fluence levels expected for the strip region in the HL-LHC environment. The results indicate an increase of depletion region after irradiation for the same bias voltage by a factor of ≈2.4 and ≈2.8 for two active pixels on the test chip. There was also a notable increase in noise levels from $85 e^−$ to $386 e^−$ and from $75 e^−$ to $277 e^−$ for the corresponding pixels.
The International Law of Belligerent Occupation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Belligerent occupations existed in both World Wars and have occurred more recently in all parts of the world (including Iraq, Afghanistan, the former Yugoslavia, Congo, Northern Cyprus, Nagorno-Karabakh, Georgia, Eritrea and Ethiopia). Owing to its special length – exceeding half a century and still in progress – and the unprecedented flow of judicial decisions, a special focus is called for as regards to the occupation of Palestinian territories by Israel. International law addresses the subject of belligerent occupation in some detail. This second, revised edition updates the text (originally published in 2009) in terms of both State practice and doctrinal discourse. The emphasis is put on decisions of the Security Council; legislation adopted by the Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq; and predominantly case law: international (Judgments of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the European Court of Human Rights; Advisory Opinions and Arbitral Awards) as well as domestic courts.
1D-Guided Differential Rescaling of a Contour Plot in Comprehensive 2D Gas Chromatography

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A 1D-guided differential rescaling algorithm for a contour plot is developed based on our recently proposed comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) system with a first-dimensional (1D) detector added. Chromatograms obtained from 1D and second-dimensional (2D) detectors are both incorporated during the data processing. As compared to the conventional contour plot methods using only 2D data, our algorithm can significantly improve precision and consistency of GC × GC results in terms of retention times, peak widths, and peak areas or volumes, regardless of modulation time selection, modulation phase shift fluctuations, and modulation duty cycle. The peak identification, quantification, and capacity can therefore be enhanced. Furthermore, the 1D-guided differential rescaling method is shown to better handle the coelution and missing peak issues often encountered in the conventional methods. Finally, the new method exhibits high versatility in 1D and 2D detector selection, which greatly broadens GC × GC utility. Our method can easily be adapted to other two-dimensional chromatography systems that have direct access to 1D chromatograms.
Effective molecular detection of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) in bulk insect samples from sticky traps

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), is the principal vector of citrus greening (huanglongbing) disease. Invasion of new areas by the vector increases the risk of further spread of the disease and has economic impacts on the global citrus industry. Effective implementation of vector surveys is essential to contain disease outbreaks. This is especially true in countries such as Japan, where most of the major citrus‐producing areas are free from citrus greening. Recently, vector surveys have been routinely conducted to maintain ‘disease‐free’ and ‘disease‐ and vector‐free’ areas in Japan, and improvement of methods that can detect D. citri in native insect populations is imperative. Here, we developed a method of using conventional and real‐time PCR to detect D. citri among bulk insects captured in sticky traps without the need for preliminary differentiation steps based on morphology. DNA fragments of D. citri were specifically detected by both conventional and real‐time PCR in a mixture of a 10 −3 dilution (ca. 0.008–0.009 ng/ μ l) of D. citri DNA and 100 ng/ μ l of bulk insect DNA , indicating that small body parts such as pieces of leg or parts of wings of D. citri were detectable in the bulk insect samples. No misleading amplification of fragments from the other psyllid species and citrus pests we used occurred under our PCR conditions. Our results suggest that the technique is applicable to extensive surveys of D. citri in early warning programmes.
Preventing Alzheimer’s Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Despite intensive laboratory and clinical research over three decades, an effective treatment to delay the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease is not at hand. Recent clinical trial failures suggest that we must treat the disease earlier than in its mild to moderate stages, and major progress in validating presymptomatic biomarkers now makes secondary prevention trials possible. We will learn more about the natural history of the disease and any partial therapeutic responses from detailed analyses of recent trial results. This process will likely position the field for success, but only with much greater investment in all aspects of Alzheimer research and with careful design of future trials.
Absence of a Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation–Induced Lower Limb Corticomotor Response Does Not Affect Walking Speed in Chronic Stroke Survivors

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background and Purpose— Transcranial magnetic stimulation is used to measure the functional integrity of the corticomotor system via motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in stroke. The association between corticomotor mechanisms and walking recovery is still not completely understood. This study determined the association between transcranial magnetic stimulation–induced MEPs and walking outcomes and examined the contribution of the contralesional hemisphere to walking recovery. Methods— Contralateral and ipsilateral transcranial magnetic stimulation responses from the contralesional and ipsilesional hemispheres were collected from 61 chronic stroke survivors. Clinical assessments included gait speeds, 6-minute walk distance, Timed Up and Go test, Fugl Meyer lower extremity scale, and strength measurements. Results— Stroke participants were classified based on the presence (MEP+ [n=28]) or absence (MEP− [n=33]) of MEPs in the paretic tibialis anterior and rectus femoris muscles. A between-group analyses showed no significant differences for any gait variable. MEP+ group showed significantly higher Fugl Meyer lower extremity and ankle dorsiflexor strength. Ipsilateral conductivity was not significantly different between groups. Finally, in the MEP+ group, MEP parameters did not predict gait recovery. Conclusions— Our study investigated the association between walking outcomes and neurophysiological parameters of lower limb function in a large cohort of stroke survivors. We did not find an associations between transcranial magnetic stimulation–induced tibialis anterior and rectus femoris MEPs and walking speeds. Further work is required to develop more comprehensive models in stroke for predicting walking recovery.
Unicuspid Acommissural Aortic Valve with Supra-aortic Membrane: An Extremely Rare Congenital Anomaly

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Unicommissural aortic valve (UAV) is diagnosed by means of echocardiography during systole, because absence of cusp separation reveals eccentric "teardrop" opening.Case Report: A 4-month infant was refereed for evaluation of murmur at aortic area by his pediatrician.On examination, peripheral pulses were weak with diminished and delayed carotid upstroke.Transrthoracic echocardiography revealed unicuspid, unicommissural aortic valve (UAV) with moderate aortic stenosis.There was a supra-aortic membrane without any aortic leak.Conclusion: The importance of its early diagnosis lies in its risk of sudden cardiac death which can be mitigated and other associated congenital anomalies can also be corrected.
Comparison of Three Modelling Approaches to Simulate Regional Crop Yield: A Case Study of Winter Wheat Yield in Western Germany

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The need for more comparisons among models is widely recognized. This study aimed to compare three different modelling approaches for their capability to simulate and predict trends and patterns of winter wheat yield in Western Germany. The three modelling approaches included an empirical model, a process-based model (LINTUL2), and a metamodel derived from the process-based model. The models outcomes were aggregated to general climate zones level of Western Germany to allow for a comparison with agricultural census data for validation purposes. The spatial patterns and temporal trends of winter wheat yield seemed to be better represented by the empirical model (R 2 = 70%, RMSE= 0.48 t ha -1 yr -1 , and CV-RMSE= 8%) than by the LINTUL2 model (R 2 = 65%, RMSE= 0.67 t ha -1 yr -1 , and CV-RMSE=11%) and the metamodel (R 2 = 57%, RMSE= 0.77 t ha -1 yr -1 , and CV-RMSE=13%). All models demonstrated a similar order of magnitude of yield prediction and associated uncertainties. The suitability of the three models is context dependent. Empirical modelling is most suitable to analyze and project past and current crop-yield patterns, while crop growth simulation models are more suited for future projections with climate scenarios. The derived metamodels are fast reliable alternatives for areas with well calibrated crop growth simulation models. A model comparison helps to reveal shortcomings and strengths of the models. In our case, a performance comparison between the three modelling approaches indicated that, for simulating winter wheat growth in Western Germany, higher sensitivity to soil depth and lower sensitivity to drought in the LINTUL2 model would probably lead to better predictions.