jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A rare case of multiple inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMT) of the liver and spleen: The findings on F-18 FDG-PET/CT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1064 Learning Objectives 1. To report the findings on FDG-PET/CT and contrast-enhanced CT of a rare case of IMT in the liver and spleen. 2 .To review the characteristics of IMTs on FDG-PET/CT and CT. FDG accumulation and CT findings are variable because it depends on the varying amounts of inflammatory cells and the fibrotic component. 3.To realize IMTs as FDG-avid benign tumors may mimic malignant tumors , especially in patients with symptoms of a malignancy, such as weight loss and anaemia. 4. FDG-PET/CT combined with contrast-enhanced CT is helpful to distinguish IMT from other tumors. FDG-PET/CT as a systemic search can exclude malignant lesions in other sites and find recurrence and metastases. A 44-year-old woman presented with weight loss and left abdominal pain . Laboratory findings revealed anemia , some liver function tests slightly elevated . The CT scan revealed two hypodense masses in the left and right lobe of the liver and one mass in the spleen. The lesions in liver were characterized by mild peripheral rim-like and septal enhancement on arterial phase. During delayed phase ,a gradual enhancement from the periphery to the center was noted, with hypoattenuating peripheral ring and a poor enhanced central satellite area.The splenic lesion also showed a gradual enhancement from the periphery to the center during a dynamic scan. Notable increased accumulation of FDG was observed on PET/CT.The maximum standard uptake values (SUVmax) of the tumors in spleen ,left and right lobe of the liver were 11.1, 12.9 and 12.5 respectively. The accumulation was more intense in the peripheral portion than in the central portion of the tumour. IMTs were diagnosed histologically. 5 months later , on PET-CT ,several avid accumulation of FDG lesions were observed on the capsule , inside and at the margin of the resection of the liver, spleen area , right side pleura, mediastinallymphnodes and right chest soft tisssue. The SUVmax range of all these lesions was from 3.8to 16.0
Holographic microscopy of complex fluids

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This thesis explores the application of in-line digital holographic microscopy (DHM) and deep learning for the non-invasive study of cells, micro-objects, and pollen lipids in complex environments. First, I will explore in-line DHM combined with model-based analysis as a potential tool for the study and characterization of pollenkitt— a natural bio-adhesive. The adhesive nature of pollenkitt allows it to attach to various floral and insect surfaces, hence favouring pollination. We use a model-based inference technique that relies on Lorenz-Mie scattering theory to non-invasively estimate minute changes in the refractive index of pollenkitt particles due to variations in local temperature and pollen ageing. Second, I show how advances in deep learning can be used to improve hologram analysis and expand the application of holography. Low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and 2π phase ambiguities often make it difficult to accurately estimate cellular properties from noisy holograms. I show that conditional generative adversarial networks (cGANs), a type of deep learning, can be used to successfully unwrap noisy wrapped phase maps and retrieve continuous phase values with high accuracy. Our method outperforms current gold standards for phase unwrapping and is robust to decreasing SNR. We applied this approach to noisy experimental holograms of human leukemia cells and simulated noisy holograms of test objects, successfully extracting crucial quantitative features. The most complex bottleneck in imaging is imaging through the scattering media. The acquired digital holograms of objects of interest can be adversely affected by undesired scattering, making downstream analysis impossible. I investigated the potential of cGANs to alleviate the impact of adverse scattering. We conducted light scattering simulations to show that cGANs can be trained with a small dataset and effectively establish a statistical mapping between the input and output images. This allows for quantitative feature extraction for studying colloidal Brownian dynamics, localising diffraction-limited impulses, and object retrieval. I also derived an analytical expression for the first and second-order speckle intensity autocorrelation function based on scaler diffraction theory. I found that despite randomisation, these autocorrelation functions are related to each other and do not depend on the physical properties of the scattering layer, forming the basis behind our ability to retrieve objects.
Low Birth Weight as The Risk factor of Coronary Heart Diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Low birth weight, a nutritional deficiency is related to the increased in the coronary heart disease insidence. Low birth weight is correlated with the hipotalamus-pituitary-adrenal responsible for the the concentration of cortisol in sirculation, increased in homosistein, insuline resistence and increased C reactive protein playing role on the aterosclerosis process predispose the corronary disease. This paper will discuss the relationship between the low birth weight and the ateroclesoris process leading to coronary heart disesase (Sains Medika, 3(2):185-200).
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 11426 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "TaxonKey is Cuscuta pentagona Engelm.", "HasCoordinate is true" ] } The dataset includes 11426 records from 357 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0068153-220831081235567/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Exhausted Grape Seed Residues as a Valuable Source of Antioxidant Molecules for the Formulation of Biocompatible Cosmetic Scrubs

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Grape seed of Obeidi, a white Lebanese autochthonous variety, was previously tested in different studies as a valuable source of bioactive molecules such as polyphenols, oils, and proteins by means of extraction procedures for the development of cosmetic and therapeutic products. However, an un-valorized, exhausted grape seed residue remains as “secondary waste” after the extraction processes. In this study, the exhausted seeds have been further exploited to produce cosmetic scrubs capable of releasing antioxidant molecules during the exfoliation process, in accordance with the principles of the circular economy and going toward a zero-waste process. The deep characterization of the exhausted seeds confirmed the presence of antioxidant phenolic molecules including gallic acid, catechins and protocatechuic acid (0.13, 0.126, and 0.089 mg/g of dry matter DM), and a high phenolic content (11.85 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g of dry matter (DM)). Moreover, these residues were shown to possess a sandy texture (Hausner ratio (HR): 1.154, Carr index (CI): 0.133, and angle of repose: 31.62 (°) degrees), similar to commercial natural exfoliants. In this respect, exhausted Obeidi grape seed residues were incorporated at increasing concentrations (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2% w/w) in a cosmetic scrub, and stored for 5 weeks at 4, 25, and 50 °C for stability testing. All tested scrub formulations exhibited good spreadability with a spread diameter of 3.6–4.7 cm and excellent physical stability, as no phase separation or color change were observed after four cycles of heat shock at 4 and 50 °C. Finally, an in vivo skin irritation test showed that the scrub enriched with 1.5% of exhausted Obeidi grape seed residues was the most promising formulation, as it possessed a high amount of phenolic molecules (0.042 ± 0.001 mg GAE/mL of scrub) and good stability and could be safely applied to the skin with no irritation phenomena. Overall results underlined that exhausted grape seed residues can be transformed into promising systems for both physical and chemical exfoliation, thus confirming the importance of the effective exploitation of agro-industrial by-products for the development of high value cosmeceutics towards a more sustainable and zero-waste approach.
Evolutioninthe Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics of Inflammatory Bowel Disease - Order Slowly Rises from the Chaos

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains challenging due to the varied clinical manifes-tations of Crohns disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The development of new modalities in therapy is promising, with immunomodulator-based approaches rising to a more prominent position in our armamentarium. Mutations in a vari-ety of genes have been shown to be associated with IBD and specific phenotypes of disease. The CARD15/NOD2 protein has been associated with the sensing of, and tolerance to, intraluminal bacteria. Patients with specific NOD2 mutations have an increased risk for the development of CD, and certain mutations have been associated with specific disease sub-types, including fibrostenotic and penetrating disease, and the likelihood of surgical intervention. Mutations in the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene have been associated with inflammatory or stenotic disease. Other susceptibility loci, includ-ing OCTN and the IBD loci, are associated with increased severity and ear ly onset of disease. The elucidation of muta-tions in enzymatic pathways might predict who will respond to specific pharmacotherapies, and those at risk for treat-ment-associated adverse effects. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) gene, with lowered enzymatic activities, may predict patients who require lower doses of immunomodulatory therapies and those who are at increased risk for myelosuppression and hepatitis. Patients with mutations in the N-acetyltransferases may be at increased risk for adverse effects of aminosalicylates. Overall, our understanding of the genetics of susceptibility, and of the likelihood of response to specific therapies, may be beneficial in refining the medical approach to the complex man-agement of IBD. Keywords: CYP450 mutations, nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain (NOD), N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine methyltransferase, Muramyl dipeptide
On a packet scheduling mechanism for supporting delay sensitive applications on high speed networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Supporting delay-sensitive applications over packet switched networks is a major challenge in networking. Packet scheduling is one of the mechanisms to be employed for this purpose in the network nodes (routers and switches) in a high-speed networking environment. In this paper we propose a new time-based packet scheduling algorithm. Our algorithm calculates and keeps an index for each flow in order to keep track of instantaneous bursts. With this approach, packet drops from queues of flows with small bandwidth shares can be partly prevented. Our algorithm can be considered as a slightly complicated version of WRR with improved delay characteristics. We first give an overview of packet scheduling and next describe the operation of our algorithm. We then provide preliminary simulation results showing the delay performance of the proposed algorithm under various traffic loads and show that the proposed algorithm has a better delay performance.
Be Kind to Three-Legged Dogs: Children's Literal Interpretations of TV's Moral Lessons

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Sixty-four kindergarteners watched a 10-minute television episode intended to promote inclusive attitudes toward people with disabilities. In the original version, a disabled character was initially feared then eventually accepted. In an edited version, the fear was removed. The majority of children in both conditions, misunderstood the intended moral lesson, and failed to generalize beyond the specifics of the plot. Among children who were randomly assigned to the original version, those who understood the characters' goals and emotions better were less likely to comprehend the intended message of tolerance; remembering the happy ending had no effect. Among those assigned to the fear-removed version, those who better understood the goals and the happy ending were more likely to comprehend the intended message. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This research was supported by a grant to the first author from the University of Wisconsin-Madison Communication Arts Faculty Development Fund. The authors would like to thank the staff at Midvale Elementary School in Madison, Wisconsin for their help, as well as the following students for their assistance with data collection: Heather Axelrod, Brian Bania, Aaron Galarowicz, Joshua Juedes, Elizabeth O'Herrin, Jeffrey Parkes, and Travis Rogers. Notes ∗ The event marked was present only in the original video version. ∗ Differences between video versions were significant at p < .05; ∗∗p < .01. 1. The stations were the local affiliates for NBC, CBS, ABC, Fox, and CW. 2. This is a conservative method of estimating of the number of programs that promote tolerance, because stations only listed a few core values, and did not describe the content of every episode. Unfortunately, examination of specific episode descriptions on TV.com revealed that the descriptions varied in the degree to which they merely outlined a few main events as opposed to discussing the educational or prosocial themes, so they could not be regarded as reliable indicators of pro-tolerance content.
PTU-9 Post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer: A 5-year analysis and measures implemented at a district general hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction

Post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC) is the diagnosis of cancer up to 3 years after a colonoscopy at which no cancer was found. It is a measure of endoscopy quality assurance and PCCRC rates are expected as part of both JAG assessment and the Getting It Right First Time programme. The WEO (World Endoscopy Organisation) has published guidelines for calculation and categorisation of PCCRCs. We analysed local PCCRC rates and established measures to improve these over time.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of colonoscopies performed from 1st January 2014 to 31st December 31st 2016 was done. The endoscopy and pathology databases and lower GI cancer MDT lists were utilised. PCCRCs were determined up to 3 years after initial investigation, and rates calculated using WEO guidelines.

Results

11,268 colonoscopies were performed between 2014 and 2016. Annual PCCRC rates reduced incrementally each year, from 10.1% in 2014, to 4.5% in 2015, to 3.5% in 2016 (Table 1). The majority of cases were due to a missed lesion at a prior examination which was thought to be adequate. In cases of uncertainty (n=7) a Root Cause Analysis (RCA) was performed. All PCCRC cases were fed back to the responsible endoscopist and audit data were presented at endoscopy user group meetings. An incident form was completed within 48 hours of reporting, and if the case was deemed to be potentially preventable, a Serious Incident report was filed. These reports and RCAs were discussed at Clinical Governance meetings. Patients were informed using a standard Duty of Candour letter, and invited to an individual meeting to discuss lessons learnt and actions taken.

Conclusions

This retrospective audit demonstrates that our rates are consistent with the national average, and that incremental improvements are possible. The gold standard 3-year PCCRC rate of 2% suggested in a recent paper1 should be achievable with the correct measures. We recommend regular audits, standardised documents to report incidents and to inform patients, and evaluation at departmental meetings.

Reference

Anderson R, Burr NE, Valori R. Causes of Post-Colonoscopy Colorectal Cancers Based on World Endoscopy Organization System of Analysis. Gastroenterology 2020;158(5):1287-1299.
Shivering Thermogenesis in Birds and Mammals

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Shivering is the only universal facultative thermogenic mechanism in endothermic vertebrates. Skeletal muscle constitutes a large proportion of body mass and a high scope of metabolic rate, and thus heat production, between resting level and active contraction. Its contractile activity is under rapid and accurate neural control. Together with the inherently low metabolic efficiency of muscle, these “preadaptive” factors have led to an independent evolution of shivering as the main facultative thermogenic effector in birds and mammals as well as other modes of contraction-related muscle thermogenesis in some heterothermic animals. Shivering fulfils the requirements of a facultative mechanism, since it accurately and rapidly tracks variations in thermal conditions and obligatory thermogenesis and is adjusted accordingly to maintain thermal balance. In contrast to the other facultative thermogenic tissue, mammalian brown fat, aerobic muscle has a high inherent capacity for ATP-splitting, which drives the combustion of cellular fuels. Thus, any uncoupling of mitochondrial respiration for thermogenic purposes would incur little selective advantage.
Digital Literacy in Mediating the Influence of Education, Demography, Employment on Poverty

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study investigated the influence of education, demography, and employment on poverty with digital literacy as a mediating variable. A structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the Partial Least Square (PLS) method was applied. Significant indicators found are four indicators of education and digital literacy variables, two indicators of demographic and employment variables, and three indicators of poverty variables. It was found that education and employment variables had a significant influence on poverty with a negative influence. We found that no variable has a significant effect on digital literacy and there is no significant effect of digital literacy on Poverty.
1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate‐crosslinked polystyrene: Preparation, characterization, and application in peptide synthesis

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A copolymer of 1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate (HDODA) and styrene was prepared by a suspension polymerization method. The resin was characterized by infrared and carbon‐13 cross‐polarization magic‐angle spin ( 13 C CP‐MAS) spectroscopy. The topology of the resin was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The polymer swells extensively in common solvents used for peptide synthesis. The resin exhibited chemical stability even in neat trifluoroacetic acid. The applicability of the new resin was demonstrated by synthesis of Val‐Ala‐Val‐Ala‐Ala‐Gly, Gln‐Val‐Gly‐Gln‐Val‐Glu‐Leu‐Gly, and Val‐Gln‐Ala‐Ala‐Ile‐Asp‐Tyr‐Ile‐Asn‐Gly. Comparative synthetic studies showed that the new resin is superior to divinylbenzene (DVB)‐based resin in the case of the synthesis of hydrophobic peptide sequences. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 1290–1296, 2003
Total serum protein reference value as a clinical diagnostic index of equine proliferative enteropathy

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Equine proliferative enteropathy (EPE) caused by Lawsonia intracellularis is characterized by hypoproteinemia. There are currently no reliable reports that provide a reference value for the total serum protein (TP) concentration to clinically diagnose EPE. The objective of this study was to statistically determine the reference value. Feces and sera of 99 foals with EPE-like clinical signs and of 35 healthy foals were obtained. The samples were used for specific-gene detection of L. intracellularis, TP measurement, and specific-antibody detection against L. intracellularis. Based on these results, the optimal reference value for the TP concentration as a clinical diagnostic index of EPE was found to be ≤ 4.8 g/dl. This clinical diagnostic index will provide an effective approach for diagnosing EPE.
Heterogeneous Subregional Binding Patterns of 3H-WIN 35,428 and 3H-GBR 12,935 Are Differentially Regulated by Chronic Cocaine

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We examined the influence of chronic cocaine exposure, in an unlimited access self-administration paradigm, on density of the dopamine transporter (3H-WIN 35,428 and 3H-GBR 12,935 binding) and concentration of monoamine (dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline and metabolites) neurotransmitters in rat brain. In normal rodent striatum 3H-WIN 35,428 and 3H-GBR 12,935 binding to the dopamine transporter, although generally similar, showed different subregional rostrocaudal and mediolateral gradients, suggesting that the two ligands might bind to different subtypes or states of the dopamine transporter. Following chronic, unlimited access cocaine selfadministration, binding of 3H-WIN 35,428 was significantly elevated in whole nucleus accumbens (+SS%, p &lt; 0.001) and striatum (+85%, p &lt; 0.001) on the last day of cocaine exposure (“on-cocaine group”); whereas in the 3 week withdrawn
Is the Liberal Soft Power Use a Myth? Comparing Democracies and Non-democracies’ Soft Power Use

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Soft power literature has suggested that it is the liberal democracies that end up relying on soft power tools and not the non-democracies. The underlying theory advocates that soft power is an American concept that was created to support the spread of liberal ideology. This paper compares two groups of countries to test if the democracies and non-democracies actually use the same amount of soft power. The time-frame is 1995-2010. Using recoded events data, the findings indicate that non-democracies use a surprising amount of soft power. China uses 87% of soft power compared to the USA’s 83% and Russia’s 81%. Therefore, the results show that all countries use soft power, not just the liberal democracies.
Financial Accelerator at Work: Evidence from Corn Fields

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper tests financial accelerator models. Using a novel dataset on agricultural production, we examine how exogenous productivity shocks arising from variation in temperature are propagated into the future. We find that past weather shocks have persistent effects on land values and productivity up to two years following the shock. Propagation and amplification of productivity shocks are both significantly larger during the farm debt crisis of the 1980s and amongst farms in lower income counties. Finally, we find higher investment in farm equipment and decreased borrowing following a positive weather shock.
Lattice-based searchable public-key encryption scheme for secure cloud storage

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the improvement of awareness of data privacy, the user's sensitive data are usually encrypted before uploading them to cloud. Searchable encryption is a critical technique on promoting secure and efficient cloud storage. In particular, publickey encryption with keyword search (PEKS) provides an elegant approach to achieve data retrieval in encrypted storage. All existing searchable publickey encryption schemes only provide the security based on classical cryptography hardness assumption. With the development of quantum computers, these schemes will be insecure. Based on the lattice hardness assumptions, we propose a new searchable publickey encryption scheme with a designated tester (dPEKS). Our scheme has advantages: First, our scheme is the first searchable publickey encryption scheme that is considered to be secure even if quantum computers are ever developed. Second, our scheme achieves the trapdoor indistinguishability. The trapdoor indistinguishability implies the security against outside offline keyword guessing attacks (KGAs). Last, our scheme can achieve the trapdoor anonymity for server.