jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
R.D.S.: NeuroPhone: Brain-Mobile Phone Interface using a Wireless EEG Headset

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Neural signals are everywhere just like mobile phones. We propose to use neural signals to control mobile phones for hands-free, silent and effortless human-mobile interaction. Until recently, devices for detecting neural signals have been costly, bulky and fragile. We present the design, implementation and evaluation of the NeuroPhone system, which allows neural signals to drive mobile phone applications on the iPhone using cheap off-the-shelf wireless electroencephalography (EEG) headsets. We demonstrate a brain-controlled address book dialing app, which works on similar principles to P300-speller brain-computer interfaces: the phone flashes a sequence of photos of contacts from the address book and a P300 brain potential is elicited when the flashed photo matches the person whom the user wishes to dial. EEG signals from the headset are transmitted wirelessly to an iPhone, which natively runs a lightweight classifier to discriminate P300 signals from noise. When a person’s contactphoto triggers a P300, his/her phone number is automatically dialed. NeuroPhone breaks new ground as a brainmobile phone interface for ubiquitous pervasive computing. We discuss the challenges in making our initial prototype more practical, robust, and reliable as part of our on-going research. Categories and Subject Descriptors
Righteous Army Movement in Ahsahn Region in the Period of Great Han Empire.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

오늘날의 아산시 경내에서 처음으로 의병의 동향이 파악되는 것은 1896년 2월 무렵이었다. 제천의병의 일파가 아산에 들어온 경우가 그것이다. 이 의병은 아산지역의 항일세력과는 크게 연관되어 있지 않고 아산을 통과하는 정도에 지나지 않았다. 전기의병 시기 아산지역의 대표적인 의병장으로는 이순신 장군의 후손인 이세영(1869~1938)을 들 수 있다. 이세영은 홍주의병에 주도적으로 참여하였던 인물이기도 하다. 그는 전기 홍주의병의 중심인물들과 연계되어 거사에 깊이 관여했던 대표적인 인물 가운데 한 사람이었다. 홍주의병이 일어났을 때 홍주 경무청을 파괴하고 경무관을 포박하였던 인물이다. 중기의병 시기에도 아산 출신의 지사들은 홍주의병에 적극적으로 가담하였다. 특히 최익현의 제자였던 곽한일의 역할이 주목된다. 최익현이 아산과 인연을 맺었던 것은 1862년 10월에 신창 현감에 부인한 것이었다. 그뒤 정산에 내려와 살던 최익현은 1906년 봄 호남지방에서 의병을 일으켰다. 이때 아산의 곽한일은 예산 출신의 남규진과 함께 최익현의 명령을 받고 호서지방 거사의 책임을 맡았다, 뿐만 아니라 호서의병과 최익현이 주도하는 호남의병 사이의 연락과 통신 역할을 담당하였다. 홍주에서는 1905년 을사조약 이후 중기의병 시기에도 대규모 의진이 편성되어 활동을 이어갔다. 이 과정에서 이세영과 곽한일, 그리고 성재한 등 아산 출신의 인물들도 적극적으로 동참하여 홍주의병의 중심축의 일부를 이루었다. 성재한은 운량관, 이세영은 중군장, 곽한일은 돌격장에 각각 선임되었다. 홍주의병은 패산 후 재기항전을 위해 의병 동지들이 합심하여 노력하였다. 곽한일은 1906년 10월 이남규의 집에서 이용규ㆍ박윤식ㆍ박창로 등 의병 동지들과 거사를 논의하였다. 그 결과 각지 의병을 모아 예산 관아를 공격하기로 하고 11월 20일을 거사일로 잡았으며, 민종식을 다시 대장에 추대하기로 하였다. 그러나 거사계획이 누설되면서 이들이 모두 피체되고 말아 재거계획은 수포로 돌아갔다. 곽한일은 종신형을 선고받아 전남 지도로 유배되었다가 경술국치 후인 1912년 사면되어 고향으로 돌아왔다. 후기의병 시기에 아산지역에서 벌어진 의병의 항일전은 1907년부터 1909년에 이르기까지 자료상 산발적으로 확인되고 있다. 이들 의병은 많게는 150명, 작게는 십여명 내외에 이르기까지 다양한 규모의 의병들이 아산지역 경내의 주재소ㆍ분파소 등을 과감히 습격하기도 하였고, 또 경내 각처에서 일제 헌병, 경찰대와 대소 교전을 벌이기도 하였으며, 때로는 군자금과 군수품을 수집하는 활동을 벌이기도 하였다.
Do Spin‐offs Expropriate Wealth from Bondholders?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract A wealth transfer from bondholders to stockholders is one of several hypotheses used to explain stockholder gains on the announcement of a spin‐off. However, previous empirical research has not found systematic evidence supporting the wealth expropriation hypothesis. Using a larger sample with comprehensive bond data, we find evidence consistent with wealth expropriation. Bondholders, on average, suffer a significant negative abnormal return during the month of the spin‐off announcement. However, even accounting for the loss to the bondholders, the aggregate value of the publicly traded debt and equity increases on a spin‐off announcement, suggesting that the wealth expropriation hypothesis is not a complete explanation of the stockholder gains. In explaining the magnitude of the losses to bondholders, we find they are a function of the loss in collateral in the spun‐off subsidiary and the level of financial risk of the parent firm. Consistent with a loss to bondholders, firms are more likely to have their credit rating downgraded than upgraded after a spin‐off. Additionally, consistent with the wealth transfer hypothesis, losses to bondholders tend to be more severe, the larger the gains to shareholders.
Cosmic acceleration in entropic cosmology

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we study the viability of an entropic cosmological model. The effects of entropic gravity are derived from a modified entropy-area relationship with a volumetric entropy term. This model describes a late time limit cosmic acceleration, whose origin is related to a volumetric term in the entropy. Moreover, we analyze the phenomenological implications of the entropic model using the Supernovae Pantheon compilation and the observational Hubble parameter data to find consistency with cosmological observations. Finally, we show the equivalence between the entropic model and a brane world cosmological model, by means of an effective geometrical construction.
Contact allergy to clotrimazole.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Contact allergy to clotrimazoleClotrimazole (Canesten; diphenyl-2-chlorophenyl-1-imidazolylmethane) is an effective broad-spectrum antifungal agent that has been used in Great Britain since 1973.In clinical trials only a few patients have been irritated by clotrimazole and no cases of contact allergy have been reported.I describe a patient who developed contact allergic dermatitis to clotrimazole. Case historyA 48-year-old policeman had had perineal and perianal pruritus for many years.In September 1977 he was prescribed Canesten cream, which he used intermittently for the next few months.In December, after applying Canesten cream, he noticed an increase in the pruritus accompanied by an erythematous, oozing rash over his scrotum, upper thighs, and natal cleft.He discontinued the Canesten, and Tri-Adcortyl cream was prescribed.His rash gradually improved.Patch tests were applied for 48 hours using the Finn Chamber method and inspected at 48 and 96 hours.At both times reactions were seen to Canesten cream, 1 % clotrimazole in ethyl methyl ketone, and 1 % ethylene diamine in yellow soft paraffin.Results were negative with Canesten cream base and Tri-Adcortyl cream.
Octreotide-LAR-associated erythema multiforme in an acromegalic subject: case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Long-acting somatostatin analogs are often used for treating acromegaly, either as adjuvant to surgery or radiotherapy or, more recently, as a primary therapeutic option. These drugs seem to be reasonably safe, but new adverse effects not yet described may occur during the use of the relatively new long-acting formulations. In this case report, we describe a severe cutaneous reaction (erythema multiforme) in a patient treated with long-acting release (LAR) octreotide, and also discuss the need of previous "testing" with short subcutaneous preparation of octreotide.
The use of intraoperative ultrasound in patients with focal cortical dysplasia: preliminary observations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction. The cessation of epileptic seizures after surgical treatment of focal epilepsy is the main objective of the surgeon. When a neurosurgeon operates focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), he/she faces difficulties with the radical removal of pathological tissue, which looks similar to healthy one. Using the neuronavigation system may not be helpful because of errors caused by displacement of brain tissues after opening the dura mater and resection of pathological foci. Intraoperative MRI examination requires significant financial expenses. One alternative is the intraoperative ultrasound (US) test, which allows one to visualize areas of pathological tissue in real time.The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of using intraoperative US test.Materials and methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 20 cases of pharmacoresistant epilepsy that involved US examination during surgical operation for epilepsy caused by focal cortical dysplasia. In the preoperative period, all patients underwent EEG video monitoring in which at least three seizures were detected. In addition, three patients underwent invasive EEG video monitoring as well as preoperative and postoperative brain MRI. Based on histological verification, the distribution of patients was as follows: Ia type – 1 case (5%); Ib type – 4 cases (20%); Ic type –3 cases (15%); IIa type –3 cases (15%); IIb type – 8 cases (40%); IIIa type – 1 case (5%). Postoperative follow-up continued for 14±10 months (min – 2 months, max – 31 months).Results. Twenty (100%) patients underwent intraoperative US examination where signs of an altered cortex were found in locations similar to those revealed with preoperative MRI scans. Based on the US images, radical resection of pathological tissues was performed in these patients. In 15 (75%) patients, the seizures stopped (Engel class I). According to the US data, FCD had the following characteristics: hyperechogenicity as compared to the brain parenchyma; uneven, fuzzy, irregularly shaped contours; lack of a clear border between the white and gray matter.Conclusion. Intraoperative ultrasound is a safe, inexpensive and effective method for intraoperative imaging of FCD.The authors declare the absence of conflict of interest with respect to this publication. All authors contributed equally to this article.
Bacterial wilt of geranium and portulaca caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in Japan

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

New bacterial disease was observed on geranium and portulaca in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan in 2002. The leaves were wilted and yellowed, and the stem and roots were rotted. Faint discoloration of the vascular bundles were observed. When the cut of the stem was dipped into water, white bacterial ooze was visible. The colony appearance of the isolated bacterium was similar to that of Ralstonia solanacearum. The bacterium was pathogenic to both geranium and portulaca. Its bacteriological properties agreed with those of the standard isolates of R. solanacearum. From these results, the bacterium was identified as R. solanacearum biovar 3. Bacterial wilt of geranium and bacterial wilt of portulaca were proposed for the names of the disease.
Anti-TNF-α Therapy Suppresses Proinflammatory Activities of Mucosal Neutrophils in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Neutrophils have been found to play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and anti-TNF- α mAb (i.e., infliximab) therapy is demonstrated to be effective in the induction of clinical remission and mucosal healing in these patients. However, how anti-TNF- α mAb regulates the functions of neutrophils is still unknown. Herein, we found that anti-TNF- α therapy significantly downregulated infiltration of neutrophils in inflamed mucosa of IBD patients. Importantly, anti-TNF- α mAb could inhibit neutrophils to produce proinflammatory mediators, such as ROS, calprotectin, IL-8, IL-6, and TNF- α . These data indicate that TNF- α plays a critical role in the induction of mucosal inflammatory response, and that blockade of TNF- α modulates intestinal homeostasis through balancing immune responses of neutrophils.
OBSERVATION OF CONFORMATION OF ADSORBED GRAFTED COPOLYMER ON α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> WITH ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

α-Al2O3表面におけるポリカルボン酸系分散剤（PC）の吸着形態について、原子間力顕微鏡を用いて観察を行なった。原子間力顕微鏡で得られた形状像を見ると、液中PC濃度が極めて低い場合PCが独立して吸着していることが確認された。側鎖が短いPCでは、側鎖長よりも大きい吸着層厚さが確認され、ループ型の吸着が起こっていることが示唆された。フォースカーブ測定によると、吸着したPCの立体反発力がα-Al2O3表面近傍に作用する水和力よりも遠方で確認された。de Gennesの提案した吸着モデルと実測したフォースカーブのフィッティングから、ポリマーが柔軟に可動できる最小単位は2.1～2.2nmであり、側鎖長さが短いほど剛直な挙動を示すことが示唆された。
Biological Approaches

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Biological approaches to treating co-occurring mental health disorders and substance use disorders include psychopharmacology, orthomolecular medicine, and nutrition. These approaches broach the medical model treatment paradigm, which has developed into a massive psychopharmacotherapy approach that now includes medical-assisted therapy (MAT) for those with chronic substance use disorders and the more holistic or complementary approach of using nutrition and orthomolecular medicine (mega doses of vitamins, amino acids, and minerals) to support improving brain chemistry. The chapter discusses the traditional medical model approach of MAT along with the integrative and holistic approach of using nutrition and mega doses of supplemental vitamins, amino acids, and minerals to support healing brain chemistry as an alternative to the medical model.
Introduction: Bringing Yoga and Animal Ethics Together

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This first chapter of Yoga and Animal Ethics begins with a brief explanation of why animal ethics discourse is appropriately coupled with a discussion of yoga. Yoga philosophy is becoming a subject of increasing interest among yoga practitioners, many of whom readily pursue ethical practices that resonate with those stipulated in yoga texts. This book is largely text-based, focusing mainly on two widely known works—the Yoga Sūtra of Patañjali and the Bhagavadgītā , the former representing “classical” Yoga and the latter the early expression of devotional (bhakti) yoga, which is in turn elaborated in the Bhāgavata Purāṇa . Yoga is in all cases a process of self-transformation, in this book argued to be a necessary foundation for setting human relationality with nonhuman animals on enduring and all-beneficial ethical grounds.
Adolescent Suicide among Secondary School Students: Correlates of Risks

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Objective: We examined adolescent suicide risks using the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey (YRBS). Methods: Suicide risk variables were analyzed individually and as a composite measure. Ten correlates were dichotomized for analyses: sex, sexual identity, forced sex, unsafe at school, current cigarette use, current alcohol use, weight perceptions, academic grades, hours of sleep, and hours on computer. Results: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results for the suicide index indicated that only weight perception was not statistically significant. Logistic regression analyzed multivariate effects on disaggregated index items. For sad/hopeless and consider suicide, all correlates were statistically significant. For suicide planning, only weight perception was not statistically significant. Finally, for attempt suicide, neither weight perceptions nor computer use was statistically significant for younger students; all variables were statistically significant for older students. Conclusions: Certain suicide risk factors are predictive across grade levels and some are specific to older versus younger cohorts. Parents, teachers, and school administrators can reinforce each other by encouraging relevant/sensitive education efforts. Future prevention/intervention programs should be mindful of the particular demographics of intended audience, who must see the utility of efforts relative to their own needs and values.
Surgical review of the anatomical variations of the internal jugular vein: an update for head and neck surgeons

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background The internal jugular vein is one of the major vessels of the neck. The anatomy of this vessel is considered to be relatively stable. It is an important landmark for head and neck surgeons as well as the anaesthetists for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Methods We present two case reports of the posterior tributary of the internal jugular vein and review the surgical literature regarding anatomical variations of the vein. Findings A total of 1197 patients from 27 published papers were included in this review. Of these patients, 99.6% had neck surgery and the rest were cadaveric dissections. Anatomical variations of the internal jugular vein were found in 2% of the patient cohort (n = 40). The majority of these patients had either bifurcation or fenestration of the vein. The posterior tributary of the internal jugular vein is unusual and is scarcely reported in the literature (three cases). Knowledge of variations in the anatomy of the internal jugular vein assists surgeons in avoiding complications during neck surgery and preventing morbidity. Two rare cases of posterior branching of the internal jugular vein and experience of other surgeons are demonstrated in this extensive review.
A text based approach to content based information retrieval for Indian medicinal plants

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The usage of plants as foodstuff and also medicine is universal. It is important and yet a difficult task to identify the medicinal plants’ species present in the universe through computers. Development of a machine vision system for medicinal plants is a dire necessity as this tacit knowledge dies with the experts in the field. Hence it is helpful to understand and manage these medicinal plants in the interest of pharmaceutical industry and preparation of home medicines. This paper deals with design and development of medicinal plants’ database comprising of 500 species and an efficient text based query interface for retrieval of the desired information. The database consists of scientific and regional names, medicinal values of parts, details of each part such as leaves, flowers and the like, which act as properties or characteristics of plants. The proposed design takes care of access to these medicinal plants through the combination of multiple plants’ attributes. The accuracies of recognition are reported for major and minor properties of the plants. The results have revealed that leaves and their shapes invariably help in recognition of plants. Hence, Furthermore, retrieval of relevant information through content based approaches is the ultimate target.

Key words: Database, Indian medicinal plants, query processing, image retrieval.
Substitution of copper(2+) in the reaction center diquinone electron acceptor complex of Rhodobacter sphaeroides: determination of the metal-ligand coordination

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubstitution of copper(2+) in the reaction center diquinone electron acceptor complex of Rhodobacter sphaeroides: determination of the metal-ligand coordinationS. K. Buchanan and G. Charles DismukesCite this: Biochemistry 1987, 26, 16, 5049–5055Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00390a025https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00390a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views267Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Organic farming for food security in the EU: impact assessment of the Rural Development Program for Malta 2014-2020

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This thesis discusses the role of organic farming in ensuring food security in the European Union on the case of Malta. The work demonstrates how the Rural Development Program for the Maltese islands 2014-2020 promotes organic farming and impacts four dimensions of food security: availability, access, utilization and stability. The research is a qualitative study, following the single-case study design. The coding frame was developed to approach the data. The analysis consisted of 14 interviews with the representatives of the industry (organic farmers), researchers in the field, representatives of NGOs, agricultural consultants and policymakers, as well as other related policy documents. The impact of the program was assessed according to the four dimensions of food security. The study contributes to the discussion of food security in developed countries by analyzing how different policy measures related to organic farming can contribute to the availability, access, utilization and stability dimensions, taken into consideration the regional difficulties and specificity. The thesis argues that organic farming can bring a substantial contribution to ensuring food security on the Maltese islands, however, the current policy measures are not enough for making a change. Although the policies aim at incentivizing organic farming in the country, the government does not support the sector. The work provides recommendations for the Maltese policymakers in the lights of submitting the next Rural Development Program 2021-2027 and the upcoming Common Agricultural Policy reform.
Bias in television foreign news in China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Television news has been criticized for bias toward certain countries and topics, relying too much on public officials as news sources and presenting a large portion of sensational news. This study investigates whether biases exist in foreign news on television in China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan, where potentially more than a billion Chinese viewers reside. A content analysis was conducted, and 565 news stories were analyzed. Results confirmed the patterns discovered in the Western context. Foreign news on television in these Chinese societies was found to devote much coverage to the United States alone, concentrated mostly on political issues and internal order, used more governmental officials and men as news sources, and presented considerable sensational news. Differences among these societies exist and are discussed in the context of political cultures, media systems, and journalistic practices.
Higher copayment does not hurt compliance, study suggests

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Higher copayment does not hurt compliance, study suggests Get access Nancy Tarleton Landis Nancy Tarleton Landis Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, Volume 57, Issue 2, 15 January 2000, Page 102, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/57.2.102 Published: 15 January 2000