jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Variation in the gene encoding a major merozoite surface antigen of the human malaria parasitePlasmodium falciparum

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Plasmodium falciparum merozoites have a variable surface protein of about 195,000 molecular weight which may be involved in strain-specific immunity. We have cloned and sequenced a major portion of the gene encoding this antigen from the CAMP strain and have located sites of preferred mung bean nuclease cleavage around the gene. These sites depend on reaction conditions, but at 40% formamide and 2 units of mung bean nuclease per microgram DNA, the intact gene was excised from the chromosome. Comparison of the CAMP strain gene with the same gene from other strains of P. falciparum by matching available DNA sequences and by DNA hybridization revealed five regions of homology separated by divergent segments. Two of the variable regions encoded three amino acid repeats, predominantly Ser-Gly-Thr and Thr-Glu-Glu. Implications of these findings on the function of the antigen, and possible mechanisms for generation of variants are discussed.
Haematometra Following Caesarean Section in A Primipara with Poor Fetal Outcome: A Rare, Avoidable and Costly Complication with Concerns: Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Haematometra which is a rare complication can occur after Caesarean section, thus leading to a presentation at a gynaecological clinic. Case Reported: We report a case of a 32-year-old P1+0 (not alive) woman who presented at the gynaecological clinic of our facility with secondary amenorrhea of 7 months duration and abdominal pain of 5 months duration. She underwent Caesarean section for prolonged obstructed labour with delivery of a fresh still birth neonate at term at another facility prior to presentation. An abdomino-pelvic ultrasound scan was ordered which suggested haematometra. She subsequently had dilatation and 200ml of serosanguineous blood fluid was sunctioned. Conclusion: Haematometra which is a rare complication can occur after a Caesarean section with serious morbidities following poor surgical techniques especially in a primigravida with risk factors. The right surgical techniques should be employed to prevent these complications.
A Case of Adult Intussusception

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: A 38-year-old Indian man with B-cell adult lymphocytic leukemia on chemotherapy was admitted with diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and worsening abdominal pain. On presentation, a CT of his abdomen and pelvis found a mild colonic and small bowel distention. The patient was managed with IV fluid hydration and pain medication, and his symptoms improved. Three days later, the patient developed severe colicky abdominal pain. On abdominal exam, he had peri-umbilical tenderness with guarding. The patient was neutropenic and thrombocytopenic throughout his hospital stay, with a WBC of 500/μL and platelets of 16000/μL. Given his acute change in symptoms, another CT scan was performed, which showed small bowel intussusception. Surgery evaluated the patient, and given his neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, opted for conservative management. Five days later, the patient had a repeat CT scan that showed resolution of the intussusception and the patient was eventually discharged home and continued on his chemotherapy regimen. Intestinal invagination or intussusception is the leading cause of intestinal obstruction in children. Intussusception in adults accounts for only 5% of intussuception cases. Intussusception can present as acute, intermittent, cramping, and abdominal pain with nausea and vomiting; however, vague abdominal symptoms is a common presentation. While in children, 95% of cases are idiopathic, about 90% of causes of intussusception in adults are due to a distinct pathologic abnormality. In the small bowel, this consists of benign neoplasms, inflammatory lesions, and adhesions. Malignant lesions are found in only 30% of cases of intussusception in the small intestine, in contrast to 60% in colonic intussusception. Abdominal x-rays often show signs of intestinal obstruction, and can give information regarding the site of obstruction. CT has been reported to be the most useful diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of intussusception, with an accuracy of 58-100% with a finding of a homogenous mass that is target or sausage-shaped. The optimal management of adult intussusception is controversial, particularly in the small bowel. While resection of colonic intussusception is generally advocated due to the high percentage of associated malignancies, small bowel intussusception is less commonly due to malignancy, and thus intraoperative manual reduction with careful palpation of the intestinal wall might allow for limited bowel resection. Intussusception in adults is rare, and can present with non-specific abdominal complaints. Gastroenterologists should be aware of this rare condition for abdominal pain and the current treatment methods.
Management of Dental Care for Elderly Patients

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Geriatric dentistry is a specialized field within dentistry focusing on the oral healthcare needs of the aging population, particularly those individuals experiencing chronic physiological, physical, and/or psychological changes or morbid conditions/diseases. The World Health Organization (WHO) has highlighted the importance of adopting 'active ageing' policies and programs to enhance the health, independence, and productivity of older adults. The imperative to plan and implement such initiatives is underscored by the WHO's assertion that "the time to plan and act is now". This review aims to provide an overview of age-related changes affecting the oral cavity and to explore interdisciplinary approaches for the treatment and prevention of oral diseases and disabilities among the elderly. The main aim of the research is to evaluate the management of elderly patients in dental medical services and to find solutions to improve case management for them.
The progenitors of compact-object binaries: impact of metallicity, common envelope and natal kicks

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Six gravitational wave events have been reported by the LIGO-Virgo collaboration (LVC), five of them associated with black hole binary (BHB) mergers and one with a double neutron star (DNS) merger, while the coalescence of a black hole-neutron star (BHNS) binary is still missing. We investigate the progenitors of double compact object binaries with our population-synthesis code MOBSE. MOBSE includes advanced prescriptions for mass loss by stellar winds (depending on metallicity and on the Eddington ratio) and a formalism for core-collapse, electron-capture and (pulsational) pair instability supernovae. We investigate the impact of progenitor's metallicity, of the common-envelope parameter $α$ and of the natal kicks on the properties of DNSs, BHNSs and BHBs. We find that neutron-star (NS) masses in DNSs span from 1.1 to 2.0 M$_\odot$, with a preference for light NSs, while NSs in merging BHNSs have mostly large masses ($1.3-2.0$ M$_\odot$). BHs in merging BHNSs are preferentially low mass ($5-15$ M$_\odot$). BH masses in merging BHBs strongly depend on the progenitor's metallicity and span from $\sim{}5$ to $\sim{}45$ M$_\odot$. The local merger rate density of both BHNSs and BHBs derived from our simulations is consistent with the values reported by the LVC in all our simulations. In contrast, the local merger rate density of DNSs matches the value inferred from the LVC only if low natal kicks are assumed. This result adds another piece to the intricate puzzle of natal kicks and DNS formation.
CORRELATIVE EXPLORATION OF EGG SIGNALS FOR DIRECT BRAIN-COMPUTER COMMUNICATION

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this study we present a method for classifying EEG signals based on the information content of their correlative time-frequency-space representation (CTFSR). A support vector machine (SVM) kernel is proposed that can be calculated in the time domain while it computes a similarity measure in the CTFSR space. This classification method is used in a brain-computer interface (BCI) application. The use of the SVM approach allows us to propose a simple strategy for adapting the BCI to possible long term variations in the brain activity.
Slicing the Embryonic Chicken Auditory Brainstem to Evaluate Tonotopic Gradients and Microcircuits

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The chicken embryo is a widely accepted animal model to study the auditory brainstem, composed of highly specialized microcircuitry and neuronal topology differentially oriented along a tonotopic (i.e., frequency) axis. The tonotopic axis permits the segregated encoding of high-frequency sounds in the rostral-medial plane and low-frequency encoding in caudo-lateral regions. Traditionally, coronal brainstem slices of embryonic tissue permit the study of relative individual iso-frequency lamina. Although sufficient to investigate anatomical and physiological questions pertaining to individual iso-frequency regions, the study of tonotopic variation and its development across larger auditory brainstem areas is somewhat limited. This protocol reports brainstem slicing techniques from chicken embryos that encompass larger gradients of frequency regions in the lower auditory brainstem. The utilization of different slicing methods for chicken auditory brainstem tissue permits electrophysiological and anatomical experiments within one brainstem slice, where larger gradients of tonotopic properties and developmental trajectories are better preserved than coronal sections. Multiple slicing techniques allow for improved investigation of the diverse anatomical, biophysical, and tonotopic properties of auditory brainstem microcircuits.
Some parsimonious models for lifetimes and applications

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The principle of parsimonious modelling of lifetimes has regained its importance recently. The value of stochastic modelling in dealing with the inevitable uncertainty and risk is nowadays highly appreciated. However, several families of distributions used in stochastic modelling of lifetimes are often non-parsimonious, unnatural, theoretically unjustified, and sometimes unnecessary. Here we propose a transformation for obtaining a new class of parsimonious distributions, and introduce two new distributions using exponential and Weibull as the baseline distribution in this transformation. The behaviour of hazard rates of the distributions are examined along with other analytical properties. Parameter estimation of the proposed models is done using the maximum likelihood method. Using simulation studies, we have shown that the parameters estimated from the distributions are consistent. Further, the new parsimonious life distributions are applied to a real data set. Our models provide a better fit to the data compared to various distributions in the literature.
ASLR-Guard

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A general prerequisite for a code reuse attack is that the attacker needs to locate code gadgets that perform the desired operations and then direct the control flow of a vulnerable application to those gadgets. Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) attempts to stop code reuse attacks by making the first part of the prerequisite unsatisfiable. However, research in recent years has shown that this protection is often defeated by commonly existing information leaks, which provides attackers clues about the whereabouts of certain code gadgets. In this paper, we present ASLR-Guard, a novel mechanism that completely prevents the leaks of code pointers, and render other information leaks (e.g., the ones of data pointers) useless in deriving code address. The main idea behind ASLR-Guard is to render leak of data pointer useless in deriving code address by separating code and data, provide a secure storage for code pointers, and encode the code pointers when they are treated as data. ASLR-Guard can either prevent code pointer leaks or render their leaks harmless. That is, ASLR-Guard makes it impossible to overwrite code pointers with values that point to or will hijack the control flow to a desired address when the code pointers are dereferenced. We have implemented a prototype of ASLR-Guard, including a compilation toolchain and a C/C++ runtime. Our evaluation results show that (1) ASLR-Guard supports normal operations correctly; (2) it completely stops code address leaks and can resist against recent sophisticated attacks; (3) it imposes almost no runtime overhead (< 1%) for C/C++ programs in the SPEC benchmark. Therefore, ASLR-Guard is very practical and can be applied to secure many applications.
Design and development of navigation systems for home use robots

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This project is aiming to build up a robot automatic robot system for home use. The minimum requirements are: 1) Design and install a robot; 2) It can plan the navigation route; 3) It can detect and avoid obstacles. First of all, finishing the project needs to build up a robot can do simple movement. And with the help of some avoidance sensors (ultrasonic sensors) or Kinect camera, it can make the robot achieve the function of obstacle avoidance. Finally using the system ROS (Robot Operating System), the robot implements the function that mapping of different kind of landscape, store and load the map of the landscape. Finally, can use the ROS navigation stack to do the localization and navigation of the robot. These are three basic design steps of my project. For the Arduino part, it needs a lot of time to do the research of hardware selection and assembly. Based on the consideration of the function, inner communication between each parts, the power consumption of the whole system, the compatible of the whole system and the cost. It needs to find out the most suitable component. And do a lot of Arduino coding so that it can make the robot run properly. With some interrupt inside coding, it can communication with ROS to control the system to do mapping, localization and navigation. Researching and studying the basic knowledge of the structure, different published topics and the ROS packages is really important in this project. The Arduino is used as the collection board to collect different kinds of data through GPIO ports and upload them into the ROS system to do next step of analysing and processing. The ROS can provide varied kinds of packages can be used to do data collection and conversion, display different kinds of data in the system, analysis these data to do navigation.
Traditional cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in patients with systemic sclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective. To assess frequency of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, clinical and subclinical atherosclerosis features in patients with systemic sclerosis (SS).Material and methods. 70 pts with definite diagnosis of SS ( 66 female and 4 male with mean age 46±10,8 years) were included. Control group consisted of 50 relatively healthy volunteers without systemic rheumatic diseases and Raynaud’s phenomenon, matched on sex and age. Classic risk factors of atherosclerosis were analyzed. Total coronary risk (TCR) (10-years risk of cardiovascular catastrophes development) was assessed with Framingham scale. Carotid sonographic examination with intima-media complex thickness (IMT) measurement using a 7.5 MHz frequency linear transducer was performed in 60 SS pts and 45 volunteers with Voluson 730 Expert apparatus (Austria).Results. Frequency of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and TCR was comparable in in SS pts and control. Menopause was more frequent in SS pts (p=0,005). Coronary heart disease was more frequent SS pts (13% versus 2%, p<0,05). Mean triglyceride level in SS pts was significantly higher than in the control group (p<0,001). There was a tendency to increase of IMTmax and IMT thickening in SS compared with control group. Atherosclerotic plaques were present in 10% of SS pts and were absent in control group. IMTmean and IMTmax positively correlated with age of SS pts (p<0,001; p<0,001) and TCR (p<0,001, p=0,001). IMTmean correlated with disease duration (p<0,05) and cholesterol level (p<0,05) in SS pts.Conclusion. Frequency of clinical and subclinical atherosclerosis features in SS pts was higher than in the control group but frequency of main cardiovascular risk factors did not significantly differ. It is possible that generalized SS angiopathy predisposes to vascular atherosclerosis development in SS pts.
A New CUSUM-S2 Control Chart for Monitoring the Process Variance

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce and investigate the performances of a new CUSUM‐S2 control chart designed to monitor the sample variance of samples from a normally distributed population.Design/methodology/approach – The proposed chart monitors a statistic computed as a logarithmic transformation of the sample variance; the introduction of the sample variance logarithmic transformation has a twofold effect: to quickly detect the occurrence of an “out‐of‐control” condition; to deal with a quasi‐standard normal statistic.Findings – A design strategy trying to minimize the “out‐of‐control” average run length (ARL) of the chart is presented and the statistical performance of the CUSUM‐S2 chart has been assessed through a comparison with an EWMA‐S2 control chart proposed in the literature to monitor the process dispersion.Research limitations/implications – The paper only deals with uncorrelated normally distributed data.Practical implications – The obtained results show how the CUSUM‐S2 ch...
Restriction enzyme improves the efficiency of genetic transformations in Moniliophthora perniciosa, the causal agent of witches’ broom disease in Theobroma cacao

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The presence of restriction enzymes in the transformation mixture improved the efficiency of transformation in Moniliophthora perniciosa. The influence of the vector shape (linear or circular), the patterns of plasmid integration in genomic sites and the influence of the promoter used to express the gene marker were also analyzed. The addition of BamHI or NotI increased the number of transformants by 3-10-fold and 3-fold, respectively, over the control without added enzyme. The use of pre-linearized plasmid did not increase the transformation efficiency in comparison with the circular plasmid. However, the frequency of multi-copy transformants increased significantly. The transformation procedure here reported resulted in better production of protoplasts and transformation efficiency. In addition, the time necessary for the detection of the first transformants and the number of insertions were reduced.
PREVENTIVE ROLE OF CACTUS (OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA) CLADODES ON METHOTREXATE INDUCED BIOCHEMICAL, HEMATOLOGICAL AND OXIDATIVE DAMAGE IN RAT LIVER

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ISHS VII International Congress on Cactus Pear and Cochineal PREVENTIVE ROLE OF CACTUS (OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA) CLADODES ON METHOTREXATE INDUCED BIOCHEMICAL, HEMATOLOGICAL AND OXIDATIVE DAMAGE IN RAT LIVER
Maneuver segmentation for autonomous parking based on ensemble learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A classification system for the segmentation of parking maneuvers and its validation using a small-scale autonomous vehicle are presented in this work. The classifiers are designed to detect points that are crucial for the path-planning task, thus enabling the implementation of efficient autonomous parking maneuvers. The training data set is generated by simulations using appropriate vehicle-dynamics models and the resulting classifiers are validated with the small-scale autonomous vehicle. To achieve both a high classification performance and a classification system that can be implemented on a microcontroller with limited computational resources, a two-stage design process is applied. In a first step an ensemble classifier, the Random Forest (RF) algorithm, is constructed and based on the RF-kernel a General Radial Basis Function (GRBF) classifier is generated. The GRBF-classifier is integrated into the small-scale autonomous vehicle leading to an excellent performance in both parallel- and cross-parking maneuvers.
Problems of exemption from penal responsibility of minors by applying compulsory measures of educational influence to them

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The educational impact on juvenile offenders, which is one of the key state problems that require constant attention from legislators, law enforcement agencies, other interested institutions and the whole society as a whole, is considered. The main purpose of the article is to highlight the problems of applying coercive measures of educational influence. To achieve this goal, an analysis of theoretical provisions, norms of criminal law and examples of judicial practice on the release of adolescents from liability with the appointment of compulsory measures of educational influence, provided for in articles 90–92 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, was carried out. It is noted that in the overwhelming majority of cases, minors begin “their criminal career” with the commission of disciplinary offenses or administrative offenses. Administrative offenses committed for the first time or crimes of small and medium gravity still make it possible to achieve a positive result in the correction of a teenager by releasing him from criminal responsibility with the use of compulsory measures of educational influence. Attention is focused on the fact that formalism in the work of law enforcement structures, shortcomings and problems in the legal regulation of these measures of coercive influence by no means always prevent the involvement of minors in a criminal lifestyle. Based on the results of the study, specific proposals were formed to increase the effectiveness of the impact of the regulatory requirements of Articles 90–92 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation on minors.