jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
PRIORITY IR: Protocol for implementation research on single-dose postpartum IV iron to treat iron-deficiency anemia among women in India and Pakistan

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Anemia among women of reproductive age has remained highly prevalent globally. Intravenous (IV) iron is well tolerated and proven effective for treating postpartum iron deficiency anemia in high-income countries, but evidence from LMICs, where oral iron is standard treatment, is limited. The PRIORITY trial will test the effectiveness of IV iron compared to oral iron for postpartum women with moderate anemia in eight LMIC sites. An implementation research (IR) study will be conducted alongside the PRIORITY trial in India and Pakistan to gather information on the intervention characteristics and the implementation process, and to assess feasibility, acceptability, fidelity, and cost of implementation for providing IV iron to postpartum women with moderate iron deficiency anemia.Methods: The PRIORITY IR study will use a mixed methods convergent parallel design guided by two frameworks: the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and Proctor's implementation outcomes. The IR study will be conducted in the Belagavi, India and Karachi, Pakistan PRIORITY trial sites. Participants will include postpartum women in the IV iron intervention arm of the trial, family members, health workers administering IV iron, hospital administrators, postpartum women who refuse to be part of the trial (Pakistan only), and postpartum women in the oral iron arm of the trial (India only). Data collection methods will include surveys, in-depth interviews, a supervision checklist, and a cost assessment. Survey and supervision checklist data will be analyzed descriptively. Interview data will be analyzed using a directed content analysis approach.Discussion: The PRIORITY IR study will contribute important information about implementation processes and strategies and feasibility, acceptability, fidelity, and costs for postpartum IV iron implementation. Results of the study can provide guidance for implementing effective anemia treatment in LMIC contexts with a high anemia burden.
Effect of Boron on the WC Morphology in Sub Micron Tungsten Carbide-Aluminide Composites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The effect of boron on the WC morphology and on the grain size of binders in sub micron WC composites containing Fe60Al40 and Ni3Al binders was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The composites were prepared under uniaxial hot pressing of milled powder samples at 1500 ºC in inert argon atmosphere. Doped aluminides with boron levels ranging from 0 to 0.1 wt % were used as the binders. It was found that the microstructural characteristics of boron doped aluminide WC composites were similar to those of hot pressed WC-Co and commercial grade WC-10wt%Co (H10F) hardmetals. The contiguity of WC particles (WC/WC contact) and the grain sizes of aluminides decreased and the extent of faceting of tungsten carbide increased in the aluminide tungsten carbide composites in presence of boron.
An online survey of education, knowledge and attitude toward homosexuality in adults

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background: People across cultures have negative stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination toward homosexuality for many years. The concept is changing, and recently in India, the Supreme Court has decriminalized homosexuality and recognized it as natural, with people having no control over it. This study aims to find out if there is any change in knowledge and attitude toward homosexuality in the Indian adult population after the landmark judgment. Methods: The study was designed as an online survey using snowball sampling incorporating the questions from Sex Education, Knowledge about homosexuality questionnaire (SEKHQ), Attitudes toward Homosexuality Questionnaire (AHQ) and relevant sociodemographic details and the data were collected using google form for 3 months. Results: Six hundred and forty-three people over the age of 18 years participated in the study. The mean age of the study participants was 29.12 years. The mean score on SEKHQ was 16.18 ± 4.71, with a median score of 16. The mean score on the “Attitudes toward Homosexuals” questionnaire (AHQ) was 54.04 ± 8.43. On Pearson's correlation test, age of the participants is positively correlated with SEKHQ score (r = 0.014; P = 0.71 at 95% confidence interval and AHQ score (r = 0.151; P ≤ 0.001 at 95% CI) while SEKHQ score is negatively correlated with AHQ score (r = −0.20; P ≤ 0.001 at 95% CI). Conclusion: The participants had better knowledge and positive attitudes towards homosexuality, especially being single, student and from a medical background. The study showed that higher knowledge on SEKHQ scores did not reflect the positive attitudinal change with increasing age. Generation gap exists and explains the open and diverse attitude of the younger generation toward this marginalized population. More large scale studies in the community setting are needed not only to evaluate but also to educate and improve the attitudes of people toward homosexuality.
Exploring plurilingualism, ethnicity, and intercultural effectiveness: Insights from university students

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The study reported in this article examined the dynamics of plurilingualism, ethnicity, and effectiveness in intercultural encounters among a sample of 221 participants from Chinese universities via an online questionnaire and a situational judgement test comprised of three scenarios involving plurilingual and intercultural encounters. It employed latent profile analysis to identify distinct profiles based on participants' plurilingualism, including how they used their languages, their exposure to linguistic diversity in oral interactions, and their experiences with plurilingualism in society, school, and university. The study also considered participants' ethnic backgrounds and self‐reported intercultural effectiveness. The findings revealed two latent profiles characterised by notable differences in ethnic background, language proficiency, language use, and experiences of plurilingualism in society, school, and university. Additionally, the most consistent predictors of participants' behaviour in the three scenarios were their fluid language use and exposure to linguistic diversity during oral interactions.
Data Science Applications in Sustainable Supply Chain

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter explores the transformative role of data science in advancing sustainable supply chain management. By leveraging cutting-edge data analytics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence, businesses can optimize their supply chain operations, reduce environmental impact, and enhance resource efficiency. The chapter examines key applications of data science in various stages of the supply chain, including demand forecasting, inventory management, logistics optimization, and supplier selection. Additionally, it highlights the integration of sustainability metrics and circular economy principles to drive eco-friendly practices within supply chains. Through case studies and industry examples, the chapter demonstrates how data-driven decision-making can lead to more sustainable, cost-effective, and resilient supply chains, contributing to both business success and environmental stewardship.
Atlantoaxial Instability in Patients Older Than 70 Years: What Is the Outcome When Further Conservative Treatment Is Not an Option?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective We report on our experiences of navigated posterior C1–C2 spondylodesis in the elderly (≥ 70 years of age). Patients This retrospective cohort study evaluated all patients ≥ 70 years of age treated with navigated posterior spondylodesis C1-C2 (at the most to C3) from 2008 to 2015 with a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Minor and major complications within 30 days after surgery, patient outcome, and the rate of solid fusion in computed tomography were recorded. The follow-up over 1 year was conducted by outpatient examinations and via telephone interviews. Results Twenty-two patients with a mean age of 79.9 years (range: 71–91 years) were treated. Minor complications were mild pneumonia (18.2%), postoperative confusion (9.1%), and urinary tract infection (4.5%). Major complications were severe pneumonia (4.5%) and clinically asymptomatic vertebral artery injury (4.5%). The mortality rate was 13.6% (n = 3) within the first 30 days after surgery and 22.7% (n = 5) within 1 year. All deceased patients were > 85 years of age. Conclusion In our patient population, posterior spondylodesis was shown to be beneficial for patients > 70 years up to age ∼ 85 years. The mortality rate increased sharply in patients > 85 years. In these patients the indication for surgery should be critically evaluated.
Antibacterial and antioxidant effects of five spice and herb extracts as natural preservatives of raw pork

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to find natural spice and herb extracts with antibacterial and antioxidant capacities that could be potentially used as natural preservatives in raw pork. RESULTS: The inhibitory effects of cinnamon stick, oregano, clove, pomegranate peel and grape seed extracts on Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica were evaluated in raw pork at room temperature (∼20 °C). The influences of these extracts on lipid oxidation in the meat were also investigated. The pH, colour parameters and TBARS (thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances) values were tested periodically. The results showed that all five natural extracts, especially clove, were effective against the bacteria. During storage the colour parameters of the extract‐treated pork samples changed slightly, in comparison with significant changes in the control. Treatments with these extracts increased the stability of raw pork against lipid oxidation. Clove was the most effective for retarding lipid oxidation and presented the highest antioxidant activity in raw pork. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the tested extracts, especially clove, have potential as natural preservatives to reduce numbers of pathogenic bacteria, colour degradation and lipid oxidation in raw pork. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
FAKTOR-FAKTOR DETERMINAN STATUS GIZI IBU HAMIL

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This paper discusses determinant factors of nutrition of pregnant women. Nutrition problems is a complex issue that is influenced by various factors, but from some intensive programs implemented, it have shown quite encouraging results such as reducing infant and under-five mortality, maternal mortality, and increasing life expectancy. The issue of maternal nutrition has broad implications, both for the mother and fetus. Some research shows a strong correlation between anemia during pregnancy and fetal death, abortion, birth defects, low birth weight, decreased iron stores in children or children born in nutritional anemia. This condition causes the rate of prenatal mortality is still high, including mother’s mortality and morbidity. In addition, the impact may cause bleeding during giving a birth. Bleeding at childbirth is the leading cause (28%) of maternal deaths in Indonesia. Whereby, Indonesian government committed to combat maternal anemia by doing “public nutrition improvement” program with a target prevalence of anemia in the year 2009 by 30%.
Mangosteen peel and seed as antimicrobial and drug delivery in rubber products

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Garcinia mangostana Linn. or mangosteen is a tropical superfruit with an excellent taste. The peel and seed of mangosteen waste can be used in medical, cosmetic, and health‐care applications. Both mangosteen peel and seed have outstanding antibiotic properties and are suitable for use as bio‐fillers in natural rubber latex products such as medical gloves, rubber transdermal patches, rubber toys, and rubber‐health care products. In addition, mangosteen seed composed of griseofulvin polyethylene glycol [(C 2 H 4 O 2 ) n ] 1‐x (C 17 H 17 ClO 6 ) x is useful for treating osteoarthritis of the knee, similar to commercial glucosamine (amino sugar). Adding mangosteen peel and mangosteen seed in rubber gloves and rubber patches, respectively, is an alternative form of antimicrobial and drug delivery replacing taking a tablet. This study compared the characteristics and properties of mangosteen peel with silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ) and compared the characteristics and properties of mangosteen seed with commercial glucosamine using the film casting dipping process. The obtained natural rubber latex gloves with added mangosteen peel powder had a good appearance with a high contact angle (resulting in hydrophobicity and low wettability with water equal to 130.67° ± 2.08°), good mechanical properties (high percentage of elongation at break 815.72 ± 54.67%, high tensile strength 64.59 ± 13.54 MPa, good stiffness 296.50 ± 48.32 N/m, and high Young's modulus 29.65 ± 4.83 MPa), and as it was non‐toxic to skin it was suitable for application in medical gloves and transdermal patches. The natural rubber patches added with mangosteen seed had high wettability and good mechanical properties. The Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of mangosteen seed were consistent with the FTIR spectra of commercial glucosamine.
As a Means of Forming an Obedient Society: Torture (The Case of Umayyad)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study examines the method of torture that aims to oppress the societies used by those who are in power. This method that has been used through the history has been influenced much more on the people belonged to the totalita-rian regimes. The Umayyad State that established whose political structure on the basis of Arabic nationality and sultanate regime used all kinds of tortures and violence to continue its power and sovereignty. The existence of an opposite group that was always ready for revolt and rebellion in this period caused a great intolerance and hatred in the society as well as the position of power. This study tries to find out the historical roots of violence that has prevailed even in modern societies in our day rather than making exalt or denigrating a certain period
Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopic Observations of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) Gill

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) gill was examined with scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopic techniques as well as an improved glycol methacrylate embedding procedure for light microscopy. The gill epithelium on primary and secondary lamellae contained distinctive surface features consisting of whorled patterns of ridges (microfolds) with intervening grooves, measurements of which were correlated with measurements obtained from TEM tissue sections. The SEM and TEM data complimented each other concerning physical measurements and presence of lamellar ridges and grooves. The microfolds consisted of cellular membrane evaginations with furrows (grooves) between adjacent microfolds. The ridges and grooves on the primary lamellar surface were quite regular in their architecture whereas the ridges of secondary lamellae were farther apart and discontinuous. The gill raker surface also contained low ridges in a whorled pattern with wide intervening grooves. Small pores of variable diameter were observed on the secondary lamellar surface and much larger pores occurred on the primary lamellar and gill raker surface. TEM sections revealed the presence of chloride, pillar I and II, and epithelial cells and the fine structure of their relationship to the capillary bed. These observations were discussed with reference to their possible adaptive value to the trout. Key words: rainbow trout, branchial epithelium, primary lamella, secondary lamella, pillar cell, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy
Ego Strength, Social Impression Value of Stimuli, and Self-Reference Language

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Summary Ego-strength and impression value of stimuli-verbs were examined as two conditions hypothesized to influence the generation of self-reference statements. College students who significantly varied in ego strength did not vary in their production of self-reference statements except when impression value of the stimuli was also considered. Significant differences obtained were diametric to hypothesized relationship. The results are considered in relationship to the repression-sensitization dimension.
THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION OF INNER-SHELL PHOTO-IONIZATION X-RAY LASING

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Two pumping approaches in which ionization of the lasant is not via electron collisions are currently considered for producing x-ray lasers below 100 ˚ A: the field ionization and the inner-shell photo-ionization scheme. Inner-shell photo- ionization x-ray lasers use additional pumping or Auger transitions to selectively pop- ulate the upper laser state. We theoretically investigate the inner-shell photo-ionization x-ray lasing for C II using an incoherent x-rays source produced by ultra-short high- intensity laser interaction with ultra thin Cu foil. This work includes structure cal- culations for neutral, singly and doubly ionized carbon, hydrodynamics of the laser- produced Cu plasma and Non-LTE population kinetics calculations for both the ab- sorber and the lasant material. Competing processes describing the level population distribution include autoionization, Auger decay and collisional ionization of the outer- shell electrons generated during photo-ionization.
EVALUATION OF PROPOSED LOW-BEAM HEADLIGHTING PATTERNS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study evaluated several recent proposals for the low-beam headlighting pattern. The research consisted of (1) documenting the current U.S., European, and Japanese standards, (2) documenting the proposed low-beam patterns, (3) performing a comparative analysis of the proposed beam patterns, (4) developing a set of visual performance functions for low-beam headlamps, (5) defining the representative geometry for the visual performance functions, (6) setting criterion illuminance values for the visual performance functions based on available empirical data, and (7) evaluating the standards and proposals in relation to the criterion values by considering the worst allowed case. The following are the main findings: (1) There is a lack of empirical evidence for evaluating the proposals on certain performance functions, including visual aim, effects of misaim, and homogeneity of the beam. (2) In terms of visibility, none of the proposals (nor existing standards) met our criterion of 33 lux for seeing low-contrast targets on the right side of the road, supporting the notion that we commonly overdrive our low beam headlamps. (3) Because the functional requirements of low beams are multifaceted and complex, it is not surprising that each proposal and standard has its advantages and disadvantages. (4) The relation between seeing illuminance and glare illuminance is likely to capture a substantial part of the functional requirements of low beams. (5) The proposal by Padmos and Alferdinck (explicitly designed to optimize European-type low beam) had the best mean ranking across the individual performance functions. The SAE proposal (based on the current U.S.-type beam, but implicitly designed to bridge the gap between the U.S. and European beams) had the second best mean ranking.
Common atrial reservoir strain during the interstage period is a predictor of poor outcomes prior to Fontan completion in hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The atrium augments ventricular function, but the significance of atrial function in hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) has not been well evaluated. Objective We investigated the association of atrial reservoir strain (common atrial strain [CAS]) to death or need for transplantation in patients with HLHS. Methods In this retrospective single‐center study, echocardiograms from three timepoints (pre‐stage 1 palliation [S1P], 4–8 weeks post‐S1P, and pre‐Glenn) were analyzed in infants with classic HLHS. Patients were separated based on transplant‐free survival to Fontan (survivors) versus death or heart transplant prior to Fontan (composite outcome). Echocardiographic parameters evaluated included CAS, right ventricle (RV) global longitudinal strain (RVGLS), RV fractional area change (FAC), and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE). An equal variance t ‐test, regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed. Results A total of 45 HLHS patients (25 survivors, 20 patients meeting endpoint) were included in this study. There were no significant differences in any of the functional parameters during the pre‐stage 1 or post‐stage 1 timepoints. Pre‐Glenn CAS and RVGLS were significantly worse in those meeting composite endpoint compared to survivors. CAS was significantly correlated to RVGLS during the pre‐S1P and pre‐Glenn timepoints. A pre‐Glenn CAS < 19.5 had an area under the curve of .78 and a 75% sensitivity and 83% specificity for death or need for transplantation. Conclusion Pre‐Glenn CAS is significantly lower in patients with mortality or need for the transplantation prior to Fontan completion and may carry prognostic significance in patients with HLHS.
Computational Tools for Human-Robot Interaction Design

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Robots must exercise socially appropriate behavior when interacting with humans. How can we assist interaction designers to embed socially appropriate and avoid socially inappropriate behavior within human-robot interactions? We propose a multi-faceted interaction-design approach that intersects human-robot interaction and formal methods to help us achieve this goal. At the lowest level, designers create interactions from scratch and receive feedback from formal verification, while higher levels involve automated synthesis and repair of designs. In this extended abstract, we discuss past, present, and future work within each level of our design approach.