jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Why does the hkl: h+k+l = 4n+2 reflections reveal intensity in Si [110]?

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Journal Article Why does the hkl: h+k+l = 4n+2 reflections reveal intensity in Si [110]? Get access P Geuens, P Geuens EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar CB Carter, CB Carter Dept. Ch. E. & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D Van Dyck D Van Dyck EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 8, Issue S02, 1 August 2002, Pages 662–663, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927602106313 Published: 01 August 2002
Characterization of Slag, Fly Ash and Portland Cement for Saltstone

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Batch-to-batch variability in the chemical and physical properties of the fly ash, slag and portland cement (binders) will be an ongoing concern over the many years that salt waste from Tank 50 will be processed into grout at the Saltstone Processing Facility. This batch-to-batch variability in the properties of the binder materials translates to variability in the fresh and cured properties of Saltstone. Therefore, it is important to quantify the batch-to-batch variability of the binder materials and the resultant variation in grout properties. This report is the starting point for that process by providing the baseline (reference point) binder properties to which future batches of binder materials can be compared. For this characterization effort, properties of fly ash, slag and portland cement were obtained and documented in this report. These properties included particle size distribution by laser light scattering and dry sieving, particle size and morphology by scanning electron microscopy, true, aerated and tapped densities, chemical composition, rheological properties of the water based slurries made from individual binder material, and volatility through thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis. The properties presented in this report also provide a baseline data set to assist in problem solving efforts when or if unanticipated and/or unwanted processing events occur at the Saltstone Processing Facility.
Coupling semantic and statistical techniques for dynamically enriching web ontologies

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the development of the Semantic Web technology, the use of ontologies to store and retrieve information covering several domains has increased. However, very few ontologies are able to cope with the ever-growing need of frequently updated semantic information or specific user requirements in specialized domains. As a result, a critical issue is related to the unavailability of relational information between concepts, also coined missing background knowledge. One solution to address this issue relies on the manual enrichment of ontologies by domain experts which is however a time consuming and costly process, hence the need for dynamic ontology enrichment. In this paper we present an automatic coupled statistical/semantic framework for dynamically enriching large-scale generic ontologies from the World Wide Web. Using the massive amount of information encoded in texts on the Web as a corpus, missing background knowledge can therefore be discovered through a combination of semantic relatedness measures and pattern acquisition techniques and subsequently exploited. The benefits of our approach are: (i) proposing the dynamic enrichment of large-scale generic ontologies with missing background knowledge, and thus, enabling the reuse of such knowledge, (ii) dealing with the issue of costly ontological manual enrichment by domain experts. Experimental results in a precision-based evaluation setting demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques.
Review of: "Historical evolution of culture, mind, and language. Considerations basing on Everett´s study upon the Pirahã"

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Potential competing interests: No potential competing interests to declare.Prof. Oesterdiekhoff reviews the behavioral repertoire of the Pirahãs with a particular focus on speech and language, use of numbers and calculation, categorical color terms, quantifiers, constraint of communication to nonabstract subjects, and the dominance of hic and nunc, and he discusses some aspects of their culture.He provides an extensive critique of the interpretations of Everett, who as I understand it, lived among and studied the Pirahãs for 30 years.He develops his own explanation for the behavioral repertoire observed.He seeks to account for this repertoire on the basis of a frozen state of Piagetian progression, such that the Pirahãs in effect, behave like children in advanced societies less than four years old.He provides a detailed but leaves one crucial question unanswered: why should they be frozen?Do they have some kind of fundamental disorder of the brain that precludes this?He makes a point that Pirahã children are educable so this does not seem like a viable explanation.He relates the development of the Pirahãs to that of other primitive tribes and, I think correctly, draws the inference that the Pirahãs have a prototypical language and share much in common in their behavioral repertoire with other very primitive tribes.Prof. Oesterdiekhoff has clearly devoted enormous effort to developing his hypothesis, couched in developmental psychology, and is clearly expert in the field.I am a cognitive neuroscientist and neurologist with a pretty deep
Implication of Interfering Antibody Formation and Apoptosis as Two Different Mechanisms Leading to Variable Duration of Adenovirus-Mediated Transgene Expression in Immune-Competent Mice

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT This study explores the genetic and immunologic factors involved in the differences in duration of transgene expression following in vivo transduction with recombinant adenoviruses. Different strains of mice (C3H/HeJ [C3H], C57BL/6J [B6], BALB/cJ [Balb/c], C.B10- H2 b /LiMcdJ [Balb.B], CB6F 1 /J [(Balb/c × B6)F 1 ], B6C3F 1 /J [(B6 × C3H)F 1 ], and BALB/cj SCID) received 5 × 10 9 PFU of the first-generation adenovirus, which expresses human α 1 -antitrypsin (Ad/RSVhAAT). While all strains studied showed similar patterns of anti-adenovirus antibody formation, only Balb/c and C3H mice developed significant levels of anti-hAAT antibodies by 8 weeks posttransduction. In addition, while all strains had quantitatively comparable amounts of adenovirus genomes and hAAT mRNA transcripts in the liver 9 days posttransduction, only Balb/c mice had undetectable adenovirus vector genomes and hAAT mRNA in the liver 40 days posttransduction. Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling staining of liver sections from control and Ad/RSVhAAT-infected mice 5, 9, and 40 days posttransduction suggested that apoptosis was involved in the rapid elimination of transduced hepatocytes in Balb/c mice. Persistent expression of hAAT protein observed in BALB/cj SCID mice suggests that antigen-dependent immunity was essential for this apoptotic process in transduced Balb/c hepatocytes. In contrast to Balb/c mice, the loss of expression in C3H mice did not correlate with the loss of vector genomes or hAAT mRNA. Instead, the anti-hAAT antibodies in C3H but not Balb/c mice were found to interfere with detection of hAAT in the serum. In Balb.B and B6 mice, vector genome, hAAT mRNA transcripts, and hAAT protein levels persisted for at least 40 days posttransduction. This persistence correlated with poor anti-hAAT antibody formation and minimal hepatocyte toxicity. The expression of hAAT in (Balb/c × B6)F 1 pups was found to be intermediate between the duration observed in the parental strains, while in (C3H × B6)F 1 pups hAAT expression was similar to that seen in the B6 parents, which together support polygenic control of the immune responses in these mice. In summary, these findings suggest that there are three different profiles and at least two defined immune system-mediated mechanisms resulting in the loss of hAAT expression in mice and that different strains differ in the capacity to utilize these mechanisms.
Measurement of Field Strength Attenuation in the Near Field

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The problem of predicting the relationship of the electric and magnetic field components i n the near field t o those i n the far field i s of particular interest in RFI investigations. The authors have recently had the opportunity to make experimental measurements of the rate of attenuation of electric and magnetic fields from the near to the far field at a number of different frequencies. The resulting data are presented herein together with a comparison to the theoretical attenuation of the field of an elementary radiator. The data have application in RFI work a s a n aid for evaluating interference problems and estimating the effectiveness of radiation suppression measures.
TELAAH LITERATUR, KAJIAN TEKS DAN KONTEKS PERAN KELUARGA DALAM PENDIDIKAN ISLAM

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study aims to examine the literature, analyze texts, and understand the context related to the role of the family in Islamic education. The family is the first institution that has a significant influence on the formation of a child's character, values, and religious identity. This research adopts a qualitative approach using a literature review method to reveal the importance of the family's contribution in supporting Islamic learning, both directly through teaching and exemplary behavior, and indirectly through a supportive family environment. The findings indicate that the family plays a strategic role as the primary and foremost educator, as well as a caregiver, leader, and role model in shaping children's morality and spirituality. Factors such as the quality of parental education, the social environment, and the family's economic conditions affect the effectiveness of this role. However, challenges such as parents' busy schedules, technological developments, and an unsupportive environment also pose obstacles to implementing Islamic education at home. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics and urgency of family involvement in Islamic education as an effort to shape an excellent generation with Islamic character.
Depth and Stanley depth of powers of the path ideal of a path graph

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let $I_{n,m}:=(x_1x_2\cdots x_m,\; x_2x_3\cdots x_{m+1},\; \ldots,\; x_{n-m+1}\cdots x_n)$ be the $m$-path ideal of the path graph of length $n$, in the ring $S=K[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$. We prove that: $$\mathtt{depth}(S/I_{n,m}^t)=\begin{cases} n-t+2 - \left\lfloor \frac{n-t+2}{m+1} \right\rfloor - \left\lceil \frac{n-t+2}{m+1} \right\rceil, & t \leq n+1-m \\ m-1,& t > n+1-m \end{cases},\text{ for all }t\geq 1.$$ Also, we prove that $\mathtt{depth}(S/I_{n,m}) \geq \mathtt{sdepth}(S/I_{n,m}^t) \geq \mathtt{depth}(S/I_{n,m}^t)$ and $\mathtt{sdepth}(I_{n,m}^t)\geq \mathtt{depth}(I_{n,m}^t)$, for all $t\geq 1$.
Alcoholism and cerebrovascular thrombosis in the young

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The etiology of cerebrovascular thrombosis in normotensives has not been elucidated. This controlled retrospective study examines the association between alcoholism and cerebrovascular thrombosis in patients under age 50. The hospital records of 49 patients under age 50 with a diagnosis of cerebrovascular thrombosis without hypertension were reviewed for possible predisposing factors. Alcohol abuse is the one common denominator among the males in the study.
Horizontal Gene Transfer in Plasmid: Are We Close to Eliminating Periodontal Pathogens?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In clinical periodontal practice, patients with periodontitis frequently yield subgingival pathogens, resistant to therapeutic concentrations of commonly used antibiotics. The oral cavity is believed to provide excellent exogenous horizontal DNA transfer in dental plaque bacteria. Plasmids harness the replication, transcription, and translation systems of their host to ensure their continuity. While doing so, they burden their hosts' functionality. The non-specificity and inefficiency of current antibiotics and plasmid-mediated drug resistance is a major emerging challenge in dentistry.The literature reports that Actinobacllus actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Campylobacter, Streptococcus sp., and other periodontal pathogens are known to harbor native plasmids. The elimination of plasmids involves the inhibition of its replication in the "rolling circle" model. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to discuss plasmid prevalence in periodontal microbiota. Furthermore, it also sheds light on plausible plasmid, curing that depends on 1) the chemical structure of curing compounds, 2) entry into the bacterial cell membrane, 3) prevention of the covalent binding of the Rep protein to the interns and Pcr A helices, and 4) inhibition of DNA gyrase might result in cessation of R-plasmid replication. By hindering plasmids rolling circular replication, it might be possible to reduce the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes and some virulence factors.
Beyond Medicine: Healing Power in the Doctor-Patient Relationship

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Healing power in the doctor-patient relationship is addressed to physicians in physical health care and to medical students but is of equal importance to dentists, social workers, nurses, and teachers in the field of physical health care. The presentation points up that in the relationship between physician and patient certain phenomena occur that are comparable to responses in the relationship between the psychoanalyst and analysand, such as transference and countertransference. This indicates that the physician in physical health care in effect is involved in some kind of psychotherapy. Aspects of the art of medicine are described. Emphasis is on the potential for patients' physical health improvement—placebo effect—when the providers' perception extends beyond focus on physical symptoms and disorders and includes attention to the patients' psychological and emotional needs.
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN GURU DALAM MENGGUNAKAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN MELALUI KEGIATAN SUPERVISI KLINIS DI SD NEGERI 010 KUNTO DARUSSALAM

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In fact, there are still many teachers who have not been able to apply learning methods well in the field. This condition also occurs in Kunto Darussalam State Elementary School 010. Of the 8 (eight) teachers, 6 (six) of them always used the learning method with the lecture method, question and answer, discussion and ended with giving assignments. Giving material is also more teacher-centered. The teacher's ability to develop learning strategies through the selection of methods, media, teaching aids, and learning resources is not optimal. With these conditions, if left unchecked it will hamper the learning process where learning outcomes will not be achieved optimally. Referring to the results of school action research through academic coaching activities, it is concluded as follows: (1) The success of a learning activity is influenced by many factors, both factors that come from teachers, students, and principals as leaders in schools. One of the roles of principals in learning activities is to make efforts to improve teacher learning by applying a supervision approach, including clinical supervision. (2) Learning method is one component that greatly influences the success of teaching and learning activities, because it contains strategies so that students can learn effectively and efficiently. (3) Improving the ability of teachers to use learning methods through clinical supervision is one of the effective solutions. This can be seen from the final results of research where the teacher can master the existing indicators in determining learning methods and look for methods that are truly appropriate and in accordance with the learning objectives and the conditions of the classroom environment and the school environment itself which further benefits students' achievement. and improving the quality of schools.
IMPROVED GROWTH AND TOLERANCE OF COWPEA TO IRRIGATION WITH WASTE EFFLUENTS FROM FERTILIZER'S FACTORIES USING MYCORRHIZAL FUNGUS (Glomus Fasiculatum)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Effect of preinoculation of mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus fasiculatum) on growth and tolerance of cowpea plants irrigated with different concentrations of waste effluents from industrial fertilizers was studied. The results indicated that, the relative growth rate, dry weight, nodule formation, total pigment content as well as tolerance indices of mycorrhizal cowpea plants were significantly reduced by irrigation with different levels of polluted water. Mycorrhizal association was found not only to improve all above parameters but also aid in overcoming the detrimental growth effect of irrigated water pollution. The results also revealed that, macro- -and micro-element contents, (P, N, Na, Mg, Cu, Co, Zn and Fe) of cowpea plants grown on polluted soil were much higher than that of unpolluted one. Results emphasized that VA mycorrhizal symbiosis can increase metal tolerance of cowpea plants. The VA mycorrhizal symbiosis could accumulate the heavy metals Co, Zn, Fe in mycorrhizal plant root than that of mycorhizal plant shoot. The percentage of VA mycorrhizal infection showed marked reduction with raising the pollution level. Evidently from the results proved that mycorrhizal dependencies for plant dry mass decreased at 10 & 20% pollution level, but, it increased at higher pollution level (40%).
Coding pulmonary sepsis and mortality statistics in Rio de Janeiro, RJ

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT: Objectives: This study aimed to describe "pulmonary sepsis" reported as a cause of death, measure its association to pneumonia, and the significance of the coding rules in mortality statistics, including the diagnosis of pneumonia on death certificates (DC) with the mention of pulmonary sepsis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2011. Methods: DC with mention of pulmonary sepsis was identified, regardless of the underlying cause of death. Medical records related to the certificates with reference to "pulmonary sepsis" were reviewed and physicians were interviewed to measure the association between pulmonary sepsis and pneumonia. A simulation was performed in the mortality data by inserting the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) code for pneumonia in the certificates with pulmonary sepsis. Results: "Pulmonary sepsis" constituted 30.9% of reported sepsis and pneumonia was not reported in 51.3% of these DC. Pneumonia was registered in 82.8% of the sample of the medical records. Among physicians interviewed, 93.3% declared pneumonia as the most common cause of "pulmonary sepsis." The simulation of the coding process resulted in a different underlying cause of death for 7.8% of the deaths with sepsis reported and 2.4% of all deaths, regardless the original cause. Conclusion: The conclusion is that "pulmonary sepsis" is frequently associated to pneumonia and that the addition of the ICD-10 code for pneumonia in DC could affect the mortality statistics, highlighting the need to improve mortality coding rules.
Mesenchymal stem cells: A new treatment tool for rheumatoid arthritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune inflammatory disease causing bone destruction. Although the etiology of RA remains unanswered, it is well known that inflammatory cytokines play key roles. Although biological agents targeting these inflammatory cytokines strongly suppress inflammation as well as bone damages, repair of destructed bone is still challenging. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable to differentiate into osteoblasts and chondrocytes and moreover, they have been reported to possess immunomodulative effects without severe adverse events in patients with graft versus host disease. Recently, we have reported that MSCs produce osteoprotegerin (OPG), a decoy receptor of the receptor activator of NFκB ligand (RANKL) resulting in reduced osteoclastogenesis. We herein demonstrate the promotive effect of inflammatory cytokines on osteoblast differentiation through Wingless-type MMTV integration site family (Wnt) 5a/ receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor (Ror) 2 signaling pathway. Our results suggest that MSCs is a powerful treatment tool for RA patients to aim suppression of inflammation and bone regeneration in parallel.
A COMPUTER BASED SUBSYSTEM FOR THE PREDICTION OF PAVEMENT DEFORMATION

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes a subsystem capable of predicting the lateral profile of pavements after any number of axle loadings. The method employs a sophisticated computer program, together with a high level of materials characterisation. The paper is divided into three parts. (a) A description of the research program DEFPAV is given. This program is capable of computing the load induced stresses and elastic strains beneath a moving wheel load. Furthermore it produces at the same time an estimate of the surface profile due to permanent deformation in each of the constituent layers of the pavement structure. A modification of the program which is suitable for use by road engineers is discussed. (b) A description of the methods used to obtain both the elastic and creep properties of pavement materials is given. The methods discussed are designed to be useable by the average well equipped materials laboratory rather than a research laboratory. (c) A description is given of the verification procedures undertaken by this research group to demonstrate that DEFPAV may be used with some confidence in multilayer pavement problems. Furthermore a computation is presented which demonstrates that a program such as DEFPAV may be used to estimate load equivalence factors for different environments and loading conditions. /Author/
The Need for Chest Roentgenograms in Adults With Acute Respiratory Illness

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The predictive values of several clinical variables for the presence or absence of pneumonia in adults with acute respiratory complaints were studied. Patients with congestive heart failure were excluded. Of 464 patients who received a chest roentgenogram, 129 (27.8%) had pneumonia. None of the symptoms, signs, or laboratory findings evaluated could reliably predict the presence of pneumonia. The absence of abnormal auscultatory findings on lung examination, however, excluded pneumonia with greater than 95% certainty. Among the 106 patients who presented with acute asthma, only two (1.9%) had pneumonia. Among the 33 patients with underlying organic brain syndrome, 25 (75.8%) had pneumonia. Incorporating these findings into a diagnostic strategy for ordering chest roentgenograms could have reduced the number of roentgenograms obtained by 54% and spared 72% of patients without pneumonia unnecessary radiation exposure.