jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR) predicts survival in patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: the progression of IPF is highly heterogeneous and unpredictable. A reduced lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR) has been shown to predict the prognosis of patients with cancer. The aim of this study was to validate the prognostic role of LMR in patients with IPF. Methods: complete blood count along with clinical and functional data were collected for 77 patients with IPF at diagnosis [70 (53-81) years], 40 IPF patients listed for lung transplant [60 (36 – 68) years] and 17 IPF patients with lung cancer [64 (34 – 82) years]. The LMR was obtained for all of them. Results: LMR was significantly lower in IPF patients with lung cancer compared to newly diagnosed IPF patients [2.2 (0.8 – 4), 3.5 (0.8 – 9); p <0.0001] and end-stage IPF patients [3.6 (2 – 7); p <0.0001]. In newly diagnosed patients, a LMR cut-off of 4.18 was obtained by ROC analysis with an AUC of 0.67 (95%CI 0.5417- 0.7960; p =0.025). Overall survival was significantly shorter in patients with a LMR <4.18 compared to that of patients with an LMR≥ 4.18 (months: 65 vs. NE, HR 6.88, 95% CI 2.55 – 18.5; p=0.027). Furthermore, when considering the entire patient population (n=134), monocyte count was negatively correlated with forced vital capacity (FVC, %) [r = - 0.215; p = 0.013]. Conclusion: in patients with IPF, a LMR <4.18 is associated with shorter survival. In addition, monocyte count negatively correlates with FVC %. If further validated, the LMR represents an easily to obtain and inexpensive prognostic marker in patients with IPF.
Comment on acp-2021-1098

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. This study reports measurements of size-resolved aerosol composition at a site in Incheon along with other aerosol characteristics for contrast between Incheon (coastal) and Seoul (inland), South Korea, during a transboundary pollution event during the early part of an intensive sampling period between 4 and 11 March 2019. Anthropogenic emissions were dominant in the boundary layer over the study region between 4 and 6 March, with much smaller contributions from dust, smoke, and sea salt. The meteorology of this period (shallow boundary layer, enhanced humidity, and low temperature) promoted local heterogeneous formation of secondary inorganic and organic species, including high nitrate (NO3-) relative to sulfate (SO42-). Seoul exhibited higher PM2.5 levels than Incheon, likely due to local emissions. The following findings point to secondary aerosol formation and growth sensitivity to water vapor during this pollution event: (i)Â significant concentrations of individual inorganic and organic acids in the supermicrometer range relative to their full size range (â¼40â%) at higher humidity; (ii)Â high correlation (r=0.95) between oxalate and SO42-, a marker of secondary aqueous production of oxalate; (iii)Â increased sulfur and nitrogen oxidation ratios as a function of humidity; and (iv)Â matching composition apportionment (for soluble ions) between the PM1 and PM2.5â1 size fractions. The last finding confirms that PM1 aerosol composition measurements fully capture PM2.5 composition apportionment (for soluble ions) during haze events and may therefore be reliably applied in modeling studies of such events over the full PM2.5 size range. However, the differences evident in the periods following the haze event imply that under other atmospheric conditions PM1 composition measurements will not fully reflect the apportionment of PM2.5 aerosols. The study period was marked by relatively low temperatures that made NO3- the most abundant species detected, pointing to the sensitivity of PM2.5 levels and composition as a function of season during such transboundary events. For instance, other such events in previous studies exhibited more comparable levels between SO42- and NO3- coincident with higher temperatures than the current study. This dataset can contribute to future evaluation of model PM2.5 composition to better support regulatory efforts to control PM2.5 precursors.
Nanopatterns of Phospholipid Assemblies on Carbon Nanotubes: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The self-assembly of amphiphiles on the surface of carbon nanotubes is an effective strategy for the dispersion of carbon nanotubes in an aqueous environment. However, the underlying mechanism of the self-assembly of amphiphiles on carbon nanotubes remains elusive. In this article, extensive coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the self-assembly of single-tailed phospholipid lysophosphatidylcholine on carbon nanotubes. The simulations present a cornucopia of polymorphic nanopatterns of amphiphile assemblies on carbon nanotubes with different amphiphile concentrations and carbon nanotube diameters. We further explore the mechanism for the formation of different nanopatterns. The results reveal that three factors—the reasonable packing of hydrophilic headgroups and hydrophobic chains of amphiphiles, the arrangements of amphiphiles, and the amount of amphiphiles adsorbed on carbon nanotubes—strongly influence the pattern formation. Additional simulations of armchair carbon nanotubes further verified and supplemented these inferences. This work provides new understandings to guide the improvement in the dispersion of carbon nanotubes and has implications on the exploitation of novel nanomaterials with complex structures.
Towards Extracellular Vesicles in the Treatment of Epidermolysis Bullosa

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a debilitating genetic skin disorder characterized by extreme fragility, chronic wounds, and severe complications, particularly in its most severe form, recessive dystrophic EB (RDEB). Current treatments focus on symptomatic relief through wound care and pain management, with recent FDA approvals of Vyjuvek and Filsuvez providing new but limited therapeutic options. However, emerging research highlights the potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells as a promising approach to address both the symptoms and underlying pathology of EB. EVs function as carriers of bioactive molecules, modulating inflammation, promoting tissue regeneration, and even delivering functional type VII collagen to RDEB patient cells. Unlike whole-cell therapies, EVs are non-immunogenic, have greater stability, and avoid risks such as graft-versus-host disease or tumorigenic transformation. Additionally, EVs offer diverse administration routes, including topical application, local injection, and intravenous delivery, which could extend their therapeutic reach beyond skin lesions to systemic manifestations of EB. However, challenges remain, including standardization of EV production, scalability, and ensuring consistent therapeutic potency. Despite these hurdles, EV-based therapies represent a transformative step toward addressing the complex pathology of EB, with the potential to improve wound healing, reduce fibrosis, and enhance patient quality of life.
Adenovirus region E3 proteins that prevent cytolysis by cytotoxic T cells and tumor necrosis factor.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Human adenoviruses are providing insights into strategies that viruses may adopt to evade immune surveillance. There are 47 serotypes that form six groups (A to F) with different genetic and biological properties. Adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) and Ad5, two group C types, the most common and best understood in terms of molecular biology, cause respiratory infections in young children and often form persistent infections. Following infection, the linear duplex DNA genome is expressed in two broad phases: "early", when viral proteins function to usurp the cell; and "late", when viral DNA and structural proteins are synthesized and virions are assembled. One of the early transcription units, region E3, encodes two proteins that appear to counteract different branches of the host's anti-viral defenses. A 19,000 Mr protein called gp19K protects cells against cytolysis by adenovirus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Gp19K has two properties that are crucial to this function: it is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, and it binds strongly to class I antigens of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The effect of these two properties is to block transport of class I antigens to the cell surface. In order to lyse adenovirus-infected cells, CTL must recognize adenovirus peptide antigens complexed with class I major histocompatability complex antigens displayed on the cell surface. Since gp19K prevents this, it renders the cell effectively invisible to CTL. The second anti-immune E3 protein is a 14,700 Mr protein called 14.7K. The 14.7K protects adenovirus-infected cells against cytolysis by tumor necrosis factor (TNF). TNF is a pleiotropic immunoregulatory protein that has anti-viral properties and is believed to provide a defense against virus infections. The 14.7K presumably counteracts the anti-viral effects of TNF in vivo. The mechanism of action of the 14.7K is unknown. Further studies on gp19K and 14.7K should assist our understanding of the immune system and adenovirus pathogenesis.
Studies of the histidine residues of carbonic anhydrases using high-field proton magnetic resonance

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies of the histidine residues of carbonic anhydrases using high-field proton magnetic resonanceJack S. Cohen, Chung T. Yim, Marianne Kandel, Allan G. Gornall, Stephen I. Kandel, and Murray H. FreedmanCite this: Biochemistry 1972, 11, 3, 327–334Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1972https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00753a003RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views28Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (854 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Control of Position and Grasping Force With Cooperating Arms: A Feedback Linearization Approach

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Robotic applications require coordination of multiple manipulators. This paper discusses an approach for control of manipulators with given end-effector stiffness properties. The approach is designed for concurrent regulation of position of a work piece and grasping force applied by the manipulators on the work piece. The approach is based on input-output feedback linearization. Simulations demonstrate feasibility of the proposed control scheme.
European Industrial Policy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This survey of European industrial policy aims to set out and explain the great significance of European integration in determining (changes in) structure and performance of industry in the EU. This influence is explored from the policy side by analysing the transformation of the framework within which both EU and Member States' industrial policy can be pursued. Empirical economic analysis is not included because this BEEP Briefing was originally written for a handbook in which other authors were assigned a range of industrial economics subjects. In the last 25 years or so, the transformation is such that the nature and scope of industrial policy at both levels of government has profoundly changed as well. Indeed, the toolkit of measures has shrunk considerably, disciplines have been tightened and the economic policy views behind industrial policy have altered everywhere. The pro-competitive logic of deeper market integration itself is rarely questioned nowadays and industrial policy at the two levels takes on different forms. The survey discusses at some length the division of powers between, and the complementarity of, the Member States' and EU levels of government when it comes to industrial policy, based on a fairly detailed classification of industrial policy instruments. The three building blocks of the wide concept of industrial policy as defined in this BEEP Briefing consist of the EU framework of market integration, EU horizontal industrial policy and its EU sectoral or specific counterpart. Each one is surveyed at the EU level. Preceding these three sections is a discussion of three cross-cutting issues, namely, the indiscriminate use of the 'competitiveness' label in the EU circuit of business and policy makers, the relation between services and EU industrial policy and, finally, that of European infrastructure. One major conclusion is that, today, the incentive structure for industry and industrial markets is dominated by the stringency of the overall EU framework and to some moderate degree by the horizontal approach.
Legal idioms: a framework for evidential reasoning

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

How do people make legal judgments based on complex bodies of interrelated evidence? This paper outlines a novel framework for evidential reasoning using causal idioms. These idioms are based on the qualitative graphical component of Bayesian networks, and are tailored to the legal context. They can be combined and reused to model complex bodies of legal evidence. This approach is applied to witness and alibi testimony, and is illustrated with a real legal case. We show how the framework captures critical aspects of witness reliability, and the potential interrelations between witness reliabilities and other hypotheses and evidence. We report a brief empirical study on the interpretation of alibi evidence, and show that people's intuitive inferences fit well with the qualitative aspects of the idiom-based framework.
Memory of Uncooperative Witnesses

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Introduction Despite the importance of their testimony, witnesses rarely provide sufficient information (Kebbell & Milne, 1998). However, witnesses’ reports are not necessarily a representation of memory. In fact, lack of reporting does not equal to lack of memory. But, there is no empirical evidence on whether memory is protected if it is not reported. This will be the first study to examine whether level of cooperation during an investigative interview affects memory for the target event. Specifically, we aim to learn whether memory traces are conserved when witnesses are uncooperative. Method During an in-person session, all participants will watch a mock-crime video clip and serve as eyewitnesses. They will be randomly assigned to only one of four interviewing conditions: control, enhanced cooperation style and two uncooperative style groups. Participants in the uncooperative groups will be told that the police believe they also participated in the crime. It is expected that participants to avoid self-incrimination will be less cooperative than those who are independent witnesses. Further, those in the enhanced cooperative condition will receive an extra incentive to facilitate disclosure. After a week, only one of the uncooperative groups will be debriefed. All groups will be interviewed again. Memory performance will be measured in both interviews. Results A literature review regarding memory for the unsaid (i.e., what is remembered and not disclosed) shows mixed results. Lack of disclosure of information can be accompanied, or not, by remembering. Thus, not reporting may lead to forgetting, but also to memory facilitation (Stone, Coman, Brown, Koppel & Hirst, 2012). As this is an exploratory study, no directional hypotheses are formulated. Preliminary data will be presented during the conference. Discussion Learning about how interview cooperation style affects memory and how this can be best recalled at a later stage is of particular relevance.
Selection of Supports for Immobilized Liquid Membranes

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Criteria for immobilized liquid membrane (ILM) support selection can be divided into two categories: structural properties and chemical properties. Structural properties include geometry, support thickness, porosity, pore size distribution and tortuosity. Chemical criteria consist of support surface properties and reactivity of the polymer support toward fluids in contact with it. The support thickness and tortuosity determine the diffusional path length, which should be minimized. Porosity determines the volume of the liquid membrane and therefore the quantity of carrier required. The mean pore size determines the maximum pressure difference the liquid membrane can support. The support must be chemically inert toward all components in the feed phase, membrane phase, and sweep or receiving phase.
Evaluation of lower limb injury mitigation from inflatable carpet in sled tests with intrusion using the Thor Lx

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Real world crash investigations have suggested that lower limb injury risk is increased with the occurrence of toepan intrusion in a frontal collision. In order to more closely evaluate the effects of different modes of toepan intrusion, a rotational and translational intrusion device was built for the test sled at the University of Virginia. Sled tests were performed at a velocity of 56 km/h with a belted Hybrid III occupant and a simulated knee bolster and steering wheel air bag. Lower limb injury risk measures were obtained with Hybrid III and Thor Lx dummy lower extremities. Dummy response variables of interest included tibia axial and shear loads, tibia bending moments, ankle rotations and foot and tibia accelerations. The tests were conducted with no intrusion and with a translational intrusion with a peak deceleration of approximately 175 g's with 14 cm of translation. A lower limb injury mitigation device, the Inflatable Carpet (InCa), was used in comparison tests to evaluate its efficacy in reducing loads imparted to the lower limb for varying initial foot positions. Results from the tests indicate that intrusion causes an increase in tibia axial load mainly due to acceleration, and ankle dorsiflexion mainly due to translation, both potentially increasing injury risk. The InCa resulted in large load reductions in the clearance position, and also reduced dorsiflexion angles. The design of the air bag used in this study was optimized for use in settings with toepan rotation in addition to translation. Occupant response was sensitive to a number of factors, such as knee bolster design and Inflatable Carpet geometry, which have to be taken into account in the tuning of the InCa design. Additional tests were conducted in a static setting, with various out-of-position lower limb configurations. These tests did not identify any potential harmful effects of accidental InCa deployment. For the covering abstract see ITRD E111577.
Development of a specific SCAR marker for the Ns genome of Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Wang, J., Du, W., Wu, J., Chen, X., Liu, C., Zhao, J., Yang, Q. and Li, F. 2014. Development of a specific SCAR marker for the Ns genome of Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1441–1447. Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng (2n=2x=14, NsNs) possesses many agronomically desirable traits that could be used in wheat improvement. We have previously produced a complete set of wheat–P. huashanica disomic addition lines (1Ns–7Ns, 2n=44=22 II). To track the addition of P. huashanica chromatin in wheat rapidly and effectively, a repetitive sequence of 1665 base pairs, designated pHs8, was isolated based on 21 different Triticeae species, including the parents’ common wheat cv. 7182 and P. huashanica, by RAPD analysis. The diagnostic fragments of the RAPD marker OPF15 1665 were cloned, sequenced, and converted into a sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker, known as RHS12. Southern hybridization using labeled pHs8 as probe showed intense hybridization signals on P. huashanica, but not on the other 20 species at all. RHS12 was validated using 21 different plant species and a complete set of wheat–P. huashanica disomic addition lines. Our results indicated that the SCAR marker targeted the Ns genome of P. huashanica and it was present in all seven P. huashanica chromosomes. The newly developed SCAR marker should help wheat breeders to screen for genotypes containing P. huashanica chromatin with low costs and high throughput.
How fledglings explore surroundings from fledging to dispersal. A case study with Eagle Owls Bubo bubo

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Movement strategies are one of the primary mechanisms underlying animal survival. Despite the impressive amount of studies on animal movement during successive stages in the life history in birds, little is known about the characteristics of movements during the post-fledging dependence period. Such a period represents a crucial phase of the life history during which individuals can show important displacements around the natal nest. Here we present path search strategies employed by radio-tagged fledgling Eagle Owls Bubo bubo during the post-fledging dependence period (1962 locations from 41 tagged owlets). During the post-fledging dependence period, individuals show dynamic movement behaviours that might be related to the development of individuals' mobility and cognitive abilities. Immediately after leaving the nest, individuals focused their activities close to the nest, but after a few weeks individuals travelled further and faster, up to the moment that they started to disperse. At the time that the mobility of owlets was highest, their movements described straighter paths. Movement patterns were not affected by morphologicalor physiological parameters of body condition. Between-sibling distances showed a significant interaction between sex and time: until 20 days after owlets left the nest, siblings were closer together, independently of the sex. Between-sibling distances increased with time as individuals became increasingly mobile; just before the start of dispersal, family units seemed to dissolve.