jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Postsynaptic Modulation the Mauthner Cell Synaptic Efficacy Mixed Synapses

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Extracellular application of dopamine in the synaptic bed of the lateral dendrite of the goldfish Mauthner (M-) cell enhances both the electrical and chemical components of the mixed excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) evoked by ipsilateral eighth nerve stimulation (Pereda et. al., 1992). We describe here results of experiments designed to determine the locus of action of dopamine and the underlying cellular mechanisms. This amine acts independently on the two modes of transmission, since (1) the percentage increases in the two were not correlated, (2) the time courses of their modifications were independent, and (3) the observed increases in synaptic responses cannot be attributed to a generalized effect on M-cell input conductance, which was increased by dopamine, a change that would rather be expected to shunt the synaptic potentials. Also, dopamine does not produce presynaptic spike broadening and does not modify paired-pulse facilitation, two indications that it acts postsynaptically. The alterations in the mixed EPSP are presumably due to activation of a postsynaptic CAMP-dependent phosphorylation pathway. Specifically, they did not occur if the CAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor PKI,-,, was injected intradendritically prior to dopamine application, and they could, on the other hand, be mimicked by injections of the catalytic subunit of the CAMP-dependent protein kinase, PKA,,,. In contrast, neither manipulation altered the M-cell input conductance directly or affected the dopamineinduced increase in conductance, suggesting this effect of dopamine is CAMP independent. However, all the dopamine actions were reproduced by intradendritic injections of GTP-y-S, and by dopamine D, receptor activation (Pereda et. al., 1992), indicating a divergence of the intracellular regulatory pathways, with the possible involvement of multiple G proteins and second messenger systems. These findings provide strong evidence that dopamine modulates the two components of these mixed excitatory synapses by separate postsynaptic mechanisms, probably involving CAMP-dependent phosphorylations of both glutamate receptors and of the M-cell side of gap junction channels. Thus, electrotonic
Whole genome microarray expression analysis in blood identifies pathways linked to signs and symptoms of a patient with hypercalprotectinaemia and hyperzincaemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary A child, 2 years with the ‘hypercalprotectinaemia with hyperzincaemia’ clinical syndrome, presented with atypical symptoms and signs, notably persistent fever of approximately 38°C, thrombocythaemia of &gt; 700 × 109/l and a predominance of persistent intestinal symptoms. In an effort to find a cure by identifying the dysregulated pathways we analysed whole-genome mRNA expression by the Affymetrix HG U133 Plus 2·0 array in blood on three occasions 3–5 months apart. Major up-regulation was demonstrated for the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway including, in particular, CD177, S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12, accounting for the thrombocytosis; a large number of interleukins, their receptors and activators, accounting for the febrile apathic state; and the high mobility group box 1 (HMBG1) gene, possibly accounting for part of the intestinal symptoms. These results show that gene expression array technology may assist the clinician in the diagnostic work-up of individual patients with suspected syndromal states of unknown origin, and the expression data can guide the selection of optimal treatment directed at the identified target pathways.
Medico-legal Issues Surrounding Medical Countermeasures Used in the Gulf War - Part 2

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

When the multinational force deployed to the Gulf after Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait in 1990, military intelligence assessed the Iraqis as possessing and being capable of using weapons of mass destruction. There was judged to be a real threat that chemical weapons, especially nerve agents and certain biological weapons would be used. Coalition countries attempted to reduce the effects by the use of medical countermeasures. Since the Gulf conflict a series of medico legal problems from this policy have arisen, some of which have formed the basis of claims against MOD. In the last article I reviewed consent to treatment in a military operational context and looked at potential clinical negligence issues. In this article I shall look at relevant employment law and review how medicine regulatory provision applies to medical countermeasures.
Machine learning gravitational waves from binary black hole mergers

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We apply machine learning methods to build a time-domain model for\ngravitational waveforms from binary black hole mergers, called mlgw. The\ndimensionality of the problem is handled by representing the waveform's\namplitude and phase using a principal component analysis. We train mlgw on\nabout $\\mathcal{O}(10^3)$ TEOBResumS and SEOBNRv4 effective-one-body waveforms\nwith mass ratios $q\\in[1,20]$ and aligned dimensionless spins\n$s\\in[-0.80,0.95]$. The resulting models are faithful to the training sets at\nthe ${\\sim}10^{-3}$ level (averaged on the parameter space). The speed up for a\nsingle waveform generation is a factor 10 to 50 (depending on the binary mass\nand initial frequency) for TEOBResumS and approximately an order of magnitude\nmore for SEOBNRv4. Furthermore, mlgw provides a closed form expression for the\nwaveform and its gradient with respect to the orbital parameters; such an\ninformation might be useful for future improvements in GW data analysis. As\ndemonstration of the capabilities of mlgw to perform a full parameter\nestimation, we re-analyze the public data from the first GW transient catalog\n(GWTC-1). We find broadly consistent results with previous analyses at a\nfraction of the cost, although the analysis with spin aligned waveforms gives\nsystematic larger values of the effective spins with respect to previous\nanalyses with precessing waveforms. Since the generation time does not depend\non the length of the signal, our model is particularly suitable for the\nanalysis of the long signals that are expected to be detected by\nthird-generation detectors. Future applications include the analysis of\nwaveform systematics and model selection in parameter estimation.\n
Hyponatremia and the Use of Vasopressin Receptor Antagonists In Critically Ill Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hyponatremia in critically ill patients is a common and challenging problem. Increased levels of arginine vasopressin almost always contribute to the etiology. Inhibition of the vasopressin receptor with a vasopressin receptor antagonist (vaptan) is a novel approach to the treatment of hyponatremia. Vaptans are well suited to the treatment of chronic hyponatremia associated with syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) and hypervolemic states like cirrhosis or congestive heart failure. No data are available on the use of vaptans in acute hyponatremia, and they are not indicated in hypovolemic hyponatremia. The focus of this review is the treatment of critically ill patients with hyponatremia with vaptans and other measures.
Back stable Schubert calculus

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We study the back stable Schubert calculus of the infinite flag variety. Our main results are: – a formula for back stable (double) Schubert classes expressing them in terms of a symmetric function part and a finite part; – a novel definition of double and triple Stanley symmetric functions; – a proof of the positivity of double Edelman–Greene coefficients generalizing the results of Edelman–Greene and Lascoux–Schützenberger; – the definition of a new class of bumpless pipedreams, giving new formulae for double Schubert polynomials, back stable double Schubert polynomials, and a new form of the Edelman–Greene insertion algorithm; – the construction of the Peterson subalgebra of the infinite nilHecke algebra, extending work of Peterson in the affine case; – equivariant Pieri rules for the homology of the infinite Grassmannian; – homology divided difference operators that create the equivariant homology Schubert classes of the infinite Grassmannian.
Atomic inducements: the case for “buying out” nuclear latency

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article argues for an updated strategy to limit the spread of sensitive nuclear technology around the globe. Traditional efforts by the United States to deny countries access to enrichment and reprocessing (ENR) technology are becoming difficult to enforce, while the threat of sanctions against US allies with legal nuclear-energy programs is not credible. As a result, the United States should shift toward a strategy of “buying out” an ally’s ambition for sensitive nuclear technology. Offering military, political, and economic assistance in exchange for stringent nonproliferation commitments will only work when offered at the earliest stage of technical development, before the country builds capabilities that will be difficult or expensive to give up. While there are some practical challenges to implementing such a strategy, the conditions are right to see if lucrative nuclear-energy offers—notably spent-waste management solutions—can induce countries with new civil nuclear programs to foreclose the option to develop ENR technology in the future.
Custom as a source of law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper I take another look at a question which was hotly debated for along time in legal theory but has now rather gone out of fashion. It is that of whether, in national law, custom is itself, directly and immediately, law, or whether it becomes law, albeit retroactively, only when recognised by the courts. The different kinds of ways in which custom can have legal significance are first of all outlined. Then the reasons for the opposing views, by writers such as CK Allen on the one hand and John Austin on the other, are considered. I discuss whether, if we adopt the Austinian approach, we are thereby forced also to accept the apparently counter-intuitive position (though one embraced by some) that other sources of law, particularly statutes, are likewise only law when their particular content is recognised by the courts. I argue that this does not follow, and that Austin's position is basically sound.
A. F. W. Crome's Measurements of the “Strength of the State”: Statistical Representations in Central Europe around 1800

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Research Article| December 01 2001 A. F. W. Crome's Measurements of the “Strength of the State”: Statistical Representations in Central Europe around 1800 Sybilla Nikolow Sybilla Nikolow Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google History of Political Economy (2001) 33 (Suppl_1): 23–56. https://doi.org/10.1215/00182702-33-Suppl_1-23 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Sybilla Nikolow; A. F. W. Crome's Measurements of the “Strength of the State”: Statistical Representations in Central Europe around 1800. History of Political Economy 1 December 2001; 33 (Suppl_1): 23–56. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00182702-33-Suppl_1-23 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsHistory of Political Economy Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Duke University Press2001 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal Issue Section: Articles You do not currently have access to this content.
Optimal Monitoring Policies in Agencies

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article considers a principal-agent problem in which the principal has access to a costly monitoring technology that can be used to acquire additional information about the agent's actions subsequent to observing the agent's output. Although randomized monitoring policies are feasible, we show that in a variety of contexts optimal monitoring policies are deterministic and lower-tailed, that is, there exists some critical level of output such that further investigation of the agent's actions occurs if and only if output falls below this critical level.
Pediatric cutaneous mastocytosis and c-KIT mutation screening

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Cutaneous mastocytosis (CM) is a heterogeneous disease that commonly presents with skin lesions in childhood. Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical and laboratory test results of our patients with CM to ascertain prognostic factors by using patients' long-term follow-up results and to determine c-KIT (receptor tyrosine kinase) mutation from peripheral blood samples, which might be responsible for the etiopathogenesis of pediatric mastocytosis. Methods: The clinical observation data of 32 children who had been diagnosed with CM were retrospectively researched. Exon 8, 9, 11, 13, and 17 c-KIT gene locations were analyzed from DNA material that was obtained from peripheral blood samples of all the patients by using polymerase chain reaction analysis and automatic DNA sequencing. Results: The tryptase level was higher in patients with familial cases and in cases of patients who had gastrointestinal mediator releasing symptoms (p = 0.017, p = 0.038, respectively). The use of clarithromycin and the use of vitamin D were determined as triggers for mediator release. Hypogammaglobulinemia was found in six patients (18.8%). Indoor tobacco exposure was seen to be higher in patients not in remission than in patients in remission (59.1% and 20%, respectively) (p = 0.040). Allergic diseases were observed in 80% of patients in complete remission and 22.7% of patients not in remission (p = 0.002). Concomitant allergic diseases were found to be good prognosis markers among pediatric patients with CM. No c-KIT mutation was discovered in any of the patients. Conclusion: In this study, tobacco exposure would seem to be a barrier for remission, and concomitant allergic diseases were seen to be a good prognosis marker. Evaluation of peripheral c-KIT mutation had no diagnostic contribution among pediatric patients with CM in contrast to adults.
REVIEW Open Access TGF-β – an excellent servant but a bad master

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The transforming growth factor (TGF-β) family of growth factors controls an immense number of cellular responses and figures prominently in development and homeostasis of most human tissues. Work over the past decades has revealed significant insight into the TGF-β signal transduction network, such as activation of serine/threonine receptors through ligand binding, activation of SMAD proteins through phosphorylation, regulation of target genes expression in association with DNA-binding partners and regulation of SMAD activity and degradation. Disruption of the TGF-β pathway has been implicated in many human diseases, including solid and hematopoietic tumors. As a potent inhibitor of cell proliferation, TGF-β acts as a tumor suppressor; however in tumor cells, TGF-β looses anti-proliferative response and become an oncogenic factor. This article reviews current understanding of TGF-β signaling and different mechanisms that lead to its impairment in various solid tumors and hematological malignancies.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 24411 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "TaxonKey is Sorex cinereus Kerr, 1792", "HasGeospatialIssue is false", "HasCoordinate is true", "OccurrenceStatus is Present", "Year is greater than or equal to 1900", { "not" : { "BasisOfRecord" : [ "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)" ] } }, "Country is United States of America", { "or" : [ "CoordinateUncertaintyInMeters is less than 3000", "CoordinateUncertaintyInMeters is null" ] } ] } The dataset includes 24411 records from 67 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002207-231002084531237/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Special Issue on Nonlinear-Optic Waveguide Materials and Devices. Trend of the Research on Nonlinear-Optical Waveguide Devices.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Photonic devices utilizing nonlinear-optical effects will play an important role in future ultra-high-speed optical signal processing systems, such as high-bit-rate optical communica-tion, optical switching systems, optical information processing, and optical computing. Recent developments in second-harmonic-generation devices with high efficiencies and electrically-controlled optical switches with fast response times are shown as representatives of second-order nonlinear-optical devices. Developments in third-order nonlinear-optical devices, such as all-optical three-terminal devices, using glass, organic, semiconductor, and dielectric mate-rials are also shown.
INVESTIGATING EFFECTS OF AMINE BASED MODIFIER ON RECYCLED ASPHALT SHINGLES BLENDING

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A laboratory study was conducted to investigate the effects of Amine based modifier on rheological characteristics of particle filled viscous medium such as asphalt binder in presence of Recycled Asphalt Shingles (RAS). In this study, virgin asphalt binder (PG 64-22), three different percentages (20, 30 and 40%) of tear-off shingles and modifiers; Rediset, Evotherm and Bio-binder were used. The tear-off shingles acquired from local reroofing company in Greensboro, North Carolina; were finely grinded (85% passing of sieve # 200). The virgin binder and different percentages of RAS were then blended at 180°C using shearing speed of 400 rpm. Following that themixture was blended with 1.5% of Rediset, 0.5% of Evotherm and 5% of bio-binder. The properties of the blended binder were studied using the Rotational Viscometer (RV) equipped with two different spindle types:- One was Smooth Cylindrical spindle (SC4-27D) and the other one was Vane spindle (V 73). The analysis showed that the viscosity was increased with increasing the RAS percentage. Furthermore, the viscosity measured by vane spindle was continuously higher than the value measured by smooth spindle; however the difference between the two measurements reduced as the blending were improved using modifiers. Moreover, temperature found to be the main contributor to reduction of the viscosity in both spindles cases. In addition the coefficient of variation was significantly lower in the case of vane spindle, indicating that the vane spindle could be more appropriate in measuring viscosity of particle filled viscous medium such as RAS asphalt. Based on the experimental result an empirical index called blending index was introduced in this study to measure the blending behavior and status for modified mixtures. As expected it was found that the blending index increases as the temperature and rotational speed increases. In other word, higher temperature and shearing rate could enhance blending resulting in higher blending index. The blending index was further used as a laboratory measure to compare effectiveness of various additives in enhancing blending of RAS modified mixtures. It was shown that among three modifiers used in this study, the bio-binder was more effective to increase the blending index.
Hordeum vulgare L. convar. deficiens (Steud.) Mansf. var. deficiens (Steud.) Körn., HOR 7764 BRG

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

PGRFA accession of IPK Gatersleben Plant Genetic Resource Taxon: Hordeum vulgare L. convar. deficiens (Steud.) Mansf. var. deficiens (Steud.) Körn. Accession number: HOR 7764 BRG Conserved by: DEU146 Acquisition: 2016-09-20 Origin country: ETH Biological status: genetic stock MLS status: Included AEGIS status: Not included Historic: No
Co-creation as a tool to develop trustand intention to purchase green products

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Consumers expect companies to become more ecological conscious and to develop more green alternatives products. However, the skepticism towards companies’ green claims, have putting consumers unwilling to trust and purchase this type of products. Literature shows that co-creation increases levels of trust and intention to purchase among consumers. Individuals tend to have higher levels of attraction towards people with similar attitudes. Furthermore, companies that develop co-creation are perceived as being more consumercentric, causing positive attitudes that will lead to higher intentions to purchase. However there is little information about the impact of co-creation is the green industry. Therefore, this investigation aims to examine if using co-creation in green products will lead to higher levels of trust and intention to purchase. Through an online survey, our findings where that consumers had a higher level of trust as well as higher level of intention to purchase when it was said the product was developed by co-creation than when it was mentioned that the product was only developed by the company. Previous studies had reported that perceived brand greenness causes impact on trust and intention to purchase, however, surprisingly, our results confirm that brand greenness didn’t have any impact. By understanding the outcomes of this study, companies can start using co-creation in the development of green products to foster trust and sales. Limitations and suggestions for future research are also discussed.
The Effect of Hypothyroidism on Surgical Outcomes Postabdominoplasty: A Case-control Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Hypothyroidism is common in surgical patients. The objective of this study is to determine the rate of short- and long-term complications after abdominoplasty for patients treated for hypothyroidism. Methods: This is a retrospective chart review that enrolled consecutive patients undergoing abdominoplasty across a 5-year period. Cases had a preoperative diagnosis of overt hypothyroidism requiring thyroid replacement therapy, whereas controls are without thyroid disease. Groups were matched by age, gender, comorbidity status (hypertension and diabetes), smoking, and center of surgery in a 3:1 ratio. Results: There was a total of 61 cases and 183 matched controls followed up for 18 months; most were women (n = 240, 98%) and between the ages of 31 and 45 years (n = 142, 58%). There were no significant differences between cases and controls in any of the sociodemographic and comorbidity status except for current BMI, which was higher for cases than the control ( P < 0.05). The proportions of all other infections (4.5% versus 1.6%), wound dehiscence (4.7% versus 0.8%), dermatitis (4.7% versus 1.6%), and necrosis (2.3% versus 0%), hematoma (4.7% versus 2.5%) and seroma (2.3% versus 1.6%) formation were higher in cases but not significant ( P > 0.05). LTCs were not statistically different across groups ( P > 0.05). Conclusion: This study did not find a significantly different higher risk of complications after abdominoplasty for patients treated for hypothyroidism.