jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of inoculation strategy with autochthonous Oenococcus oeni strains on aroma development in Rioja Alavesa Tempranillo wines

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The potential use as malolactic starters of four indigenous strains of Oenococcus oeni was evaluated under different inoculation regimes. Among others, the fermentative capacity of strains, their degree of implantation, the main oenological parameters as well as their ability to modulate the aromatic profile of wines, were analysed. Main results elucidated that co-inoculation led to the prompt consecution of malolactic fermentation (MLF), highlighting the performance of indigenous Oenococcus oeni P2A strain and commercial O. oeni Viniflora OENOS strain which finished the process 20–30 days earlier compared to batches that undergo sequential inoculation. Moreover, inoculation strategy did also have an important influence on the volatile profile of wines. Co-inoculated wines significantly showed less concentration of volatile compounds. Main reduction was detected in higher alcohols and acids. Lower concentration of acids and higher alcohols may prevent the masking of desired aroma attributes. Indeed, in co-inoculated wines, the perception of ripe fruit aroma was highlighted over the others, and was extensively perceived by panellists in comparison with their respective sequentially inoculated wines. Above all, it was elucidated the suitability of the strain P2A, resulting an advantageous alternative to significantly reduce the overall winemaking time as well as to better control the fermentative process.
Snoring and Sleep-Related Breathing Abnormality during Partial Sleep Deprivation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor: Snoring may decrease daytime alertness in the absence of repetitive or sustained hypoxia1. Acute total sleep deprivation can worsen sleep-disordered breathing in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome2. No data are available on the influence of prolonged partial sleep deprivation on snoring and sleep-disordered breathing. Prolonged partial sleep deprivation is a common feature of many occupations, particularly shift-work (around the clock) operations. We subjected six persons (two normal controls, two subjects with mild obstructive sleep apnea, and two subjects with moderate obstructive sleep apnea) to the same protocol of prolonged partial sleep deprivation over a . . .
The Educational Experience of Students who are Deaf and Hard of Hearing in Kentucky

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Children who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing (DHH) require much specialized instruction in order to successfully learn in school. Through my course of studies in the Education of the Deaf and Hard of Hearing program at Eastern Kentucky University, I was made aware that there is a shortage of teachers of the deaf in Kentucky, and that as a result many children who are DHH are being taught by teachers without specialized DHH certification. This led to me to wonder just what the educational experience of a child who is DHH in the state of Kentucky looked like. Through my honors thesis, I engaged in research to determine what the actual experiences of these students looked like. I then outlined an ideal educational path for a child who is DHH in the state of Kentucky and compared this to the actual experiences based upon data from a number of sources. Possible causes contributing to a less than ideal educational experience for some children in Kentucky who are DHH experience were discovered. Some of these causes included lack of information for parents about the urgency of following up on newborn hearing screening results, lack of detailed facts about all possible communication options, and insufficient emphasis on the importance of early language development. Additional challenges that were discovered related to the availability of resources and services in certain areas and the overall shortage of qualified personnel across the state. Suggestions for possible solutions will be shared.
Changes of carbohydrate metabolism and insulin resistance parameters at different compliance levels in young people

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim . To analyze early disorders of carbohydrate metabolism and insulin resistance (IR) at different compliance levels in young people. Material and methods . Ninety-four patients (45 men/49 women; median (Me)=33 [28,7-38] years) were examined. This prospective observational study used data of the questionnaire of the quantitative assessment of the adherence to treatment (QAA-25), fasting plas­ma glucose levels, oral glucose tolerance test, levels of glycated hemo­globin (HbA 1c ), insulin and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Statistical processing was carried out in IBM SPSS Statistics 26. Results . Only 15,8% had high adherence to medical support, 8,9% — lifestyle modification (LM) and general compliance, 10,9% — drug therapy. The means for most types of adherences were in the low range. In the low and medium LM groups, over 18 months the number of patients with elevated HbA 1c levels increased from 7,1 to 18,8% (p=0,021) and IR from 12% to 31,8% (p=0,000). In patients with low overall LM compared to high ones, the probability of HbA 1c increase raised by 5,5 times, and hyperinsulinemia by 1,16 times. Conclusion . In an 18-month prospective study, young adults with low compliance levels showed an increase in the incidence of hyper­insulinemia, IR, and prediabetes.
Physical limits on kinesin-5–mediated chromosome congression in the smallest mitotic spindles

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A characteristic feature of mitotic spindles is the congression of chromosomes near the spindle equator, a process mediated by dynamic kinetochore microtubules. A major challenge is to understand how precise, submicrometer-scale control of kinetochore micro­tubule dynamics is achieved in the smallest mitotic spindles, where the noisiness of microtubule assembly/disassembly will potentially act to overwhelm the spatial information that controls microtubule plus end–tip positioning to mediate congression. To better understand this fundamental limit, we conducted an integrated live fluorescence, electron microscopy, and modeling analysis of the polymorphic fungal pathogen Candida albicans, which contains one of the smallest known mitotic spindles (<1 μm). Previously, ScCin8p (kinesin-5 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was shown to mediate chromosome congression by promoting catastrophe of long kinetochore microtubules (kMTs). Using C. albicans yeast and hyphal kinesin-5 (Kip1p) heterozygotes ( KIP1/kip1∆), we found that mutant spindles have longer kMTs than wild-type spindles, consistent with a less-organized spindle. By contrast, kinesin-8 heterozygous mutant ( KIP3/kip3∆) spindles exhibited the same spindle organization as wild type. Of interest, spindle organization in the yeast and hyphal states was indistinguishable, even though yeast and hyphal cell lengths differ by two- to fivefold, demonstrating that spindle length regulation and chromosome congression are intrinsic to the spindle and largely independent of cell size. Together these results are consistent with a kinesin-5–mediated, length-dependent depolymerase activity that organizes chromosomes at the spindle equator in C. albicans to overcome fundamental noisiness in microtubule self-assembly. More generally, we define a dimensionless number that sets a fundamental physical limit for maintaining congression in small spindles in the face of assembly noise and find that C. albicans operates very close to this limit, which may explain why it has the smallest known mitotic spindle that still manifests the classic congression architecture.
Cerebral aging: integration of brain and behavioral models of cognitive function

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

There are substantial declines in behavioral measures of cognitive function with age, including decreased function of executive processes and long-term memory. There is also evidence that, with age, there is a decrease in brain volume, particularly in the frontal cortex. When young and older adults perform cognitive tasks that depend heavily on frontal function, neuroimaging evidence indicates that older adults recruit additional brain regions in order to perform the tasks. This additional neural recruitment is termed "dedifferentiation," and can take multiple forms. This recruitment of additional neural tissue with age to perform cognitive tasks was not reflected in the behavioral literature, and suggests that there is more plasticity in the ability to organize brain function than was previously suspected. We review both behavioral and neuroscience perspectives on cognitive aging, and then connect the findings in the two areas. From this integration, we suggest important unresolved questions and directions for future research.
Microbiological Quality and Shelf Life Studies of Ready to Eat (RTE) Halal Burgers Sold at Street Stalls Around Kuantan City, Pahang

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

This study aimed to evaluate RTE halal burgers' microbiological quality and determine their shelf life. A total of 68 samples were randomly purchased from street stalls around Kuantan city as convenience selected samples and examined for Total Plate Count (TPC), presumptive S. aureus count and presumptive E. coli count. For the shelf-life study, 14 samples were purchased at one time from one street stall and the analyses of TPC and presumptive S. aureus count were performed at seven intervals of holding times. The results showed that all samples have low to medium risks with TPC <3.0x103 cfu/g and presumptive S. aureus count range between 0.1x102 – 3.3 x103 cfu/g. In addition, Presumptive E. coli were not detected in all samples. Therefore, halal RTE street burgers have low to medium risks even though they were left at ambient temperature up to 24 hours of shelf life.
Disc origin of broad optical emission lines of the TDE candidate PTF09djl

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract An otherwise dormant supermassive black hole (SMBH) in a galactic nucleus flares up when it tidally disrupts a star passing by. Most of the tidal disruption events (TDEs) and candidates discovered in the optical/UV have broad optical emission lines with complex and diverse profiles of puzzling origin. In this Letter, we show that the double-peaked broad H α line of the TDE candidate PTF09djl can be well modelled with a relativistic elliptical accretion disc and the peculiar substructures with one peak at the line rest wavelength and the other redshifted to about 3.5 × 104 km s−1 are mainly due to the orbital motion of the emitting matter within the disc plane of large inclination 88° and pericentre orientation nearly vertical to the observer. The accretion disc has an extreme eccentricity 0.966 and semimajor axis of 340 BH Schwarzschild radii. The viewing angle effects of large disc inclination lead to significant attenuation of He emission lines originally produced at large electron scattering optical depth and to the absence/weakness of He emission lines in the spectra of PTF09djl. Our results suggest that the diversities of line intensity ratios among the line species in optical TDEs are probably due to the differences of disc inclinations.
Limit Theorems for a Generalized Feller Game

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we study limit theorems for the Feller game which is constructed from one-dimensional simple symmetric random walks, and corresponds to the St. Petersburg game . Motivated by a generalization of the St. Petersburg game which was investigated by Gut (2010), we generalize the Feller game by introducing the parameter α. We investigate limit distributions of the generalized Feller game corresponding to the results of Gut. Firstly, we give the weak law of large numbers for α=1. Moreover, for 0&lt;α≤1, we have convergence in distribution to a stable law with index α. Finally, some limit theorems for a polynomial size and a geometric size deviation are given.
Right Ventricular Gunshot Wound With Retrograde Embolization

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There have been numerous reports concerning gunshot wounds to the heart over the years. Many reports discuss bullets that have embolized and have migrated antegrade. However, there has never been a case reported on the retrograde embolization of a bullet from the right ventricle into the inferior vena cava. This case report involves a 15-year-old boy who was accidentally shot in the chest. The bullet entered at the mid-manubrial area, and penetrated the anterior wall of the right ventricle causing a tamponade. A chest x-ray film confirmed a bullet in the right ventricle. The patient was stabilized in the emergency department, and taken to the operating room for an emergent mediastinal exploration with evacuation of pericardial tamponade and repair of the right ventricle. After the tamponade was relieved, a Trans-Esophageal Echocardiogram was performed to locate the bullet, which could not be found in the ventricle. Chest and abdominal radiography were performed to locate the bullet. X-ray films confirmed that the bullet had migrated retrograde down into the inferior vena cava. Interventional radiology and vascular surgery departments were consulted. The consensus was to snag the bullet under fluoroscopic guidance, and pull it down into the right femoral vein for easy retrieval. The chest was closed and the patient was transferred from the surgery department to the interventional radiology department. Under fluoroscopy, the bullet was pulled down into the right common femoral vein. The bullet was extracted per venorrhaphy. The patient was extubated within hours after surgery and discharged home within 72 hours of surgery.
Reaction times, learning, and executive functioning in adults born preterm

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND This study examines cognitive functioning in adults born across the range of prematurity with appropriate or small for gestational age (SGA) birth weight compared with full-term controls. METHODS ESTER Preterm Birth Study participants without severe disabilities, comprising 133 early preterm (<34 weeks, 17% SGA), 241 late preterm (34 + 0-36 + 6 weeks, 13% SGA), and 348 full-term subjects, performed the Cogstate® test at a mean age of 23.3 (SD = 1.2) years. Subtests measured paired associate learning, psychomotor function, executive function, spatial memory efficiency, visual memory, attention, working memory, visual learning, and emotional cognition. Data were analyzed with linear regression, full models adjusted for prenatal and postnatal factors and socioeconomic position. RESULTS Early preterm, late preterm, and full-term participants showed similar abilities in almost all subtests. Early preterm participants had 0.6 fewer moves/10 s (95% CI: -1.0; -0.2, full model) and late preterm and SGA participants had 1.3 fewer moves/10 s (95% CI: -2.1; -0.4) than full-term controls in the Groton Maze Learning Test, indicating weaker spatial memory efficiency. CONCLUSIONS Adults born across the range of prematurity on average lack major defects in cognitive abilities. Cognitive problems may persist to adulthood only among those born the smallest: very preterm or preterm and SGA. IMPACT Although preterm birth is a risk for the developing brain, adults born preterm as a group showed similar cognitive performance to their full-term peers. Children born preterm across gestational ages show defects in cognitive domains. With a supportive environment, many of them have the potential to catch up with those born at term. The unfavorable effect of late preterm birth on cognitive functions in childhood may not persist to adulthood; in this study, adults born late preterm showed similar cognitive functioning to adults born full-term. The deficits in cognitive function in adults born preterm detected by earlier studies mainly concern those born the smallest, i.e., very preterm or preterm and small for gestational age.
Polyamine Transport in Aspergillus nidulans

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The uptake of putrescine, spermidine and spermine was studied in Aspergillus nidulans using 14C-labelled polyamines. Active transport systems, inhibited by azide and regulated by nitrogen availability, exist at least for putrescine and spermidine. Putrescine is taken up two to three times more rapidly than spermidine, reflecting a lower Km for the former substrate. The two uptake systems appear to be independent, spermidine uptake being inhibited by both putrescine and spermine, while putrescine uptake is not inhibited by the other two polyamines. The relationships of these transport systems to the tenfold or greater difference between spermidine and putrescine concentrations required to support growth of the putrescine auxotroph are discussed.
Magnetization plateaus of spin-1 one-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnets alternating interactions.

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

One of the recent interesting topics is Spin-1 (S=1) one-dimensiOl Heisenberg antiferromagnets with alternating interactions (1DHMI). It can be us to model the magnetic behavior of many materials, During these years, some \nbond alternating compounds regarded as S=1 1DHMI were synthesized and the magnetic properties were studied [1-2].The ground state in zero magnetic field of the system is defined as absence of fermion (vacuum). With increasing magnetic field, component SZ =1 of trip becomes lowest energy state, this state is defined as existence of one fermion. For > 0, due to the interaction between the dimer, the transition magnetic field decrease as a increases. To determine this boundary analytically, therefore, we need \ninvestigate the stability of the vacuum, We determine the difference of enemy between the vacuum state with no fermion and state with one fermion. When the energy difference between them becomes zero, the magnetic field is determined a function of a in the phase diagram of external magnetic field VS, a. Based on the ideas, we can determine other boundaries of the phase diagram.
Clustering by means of a Boltzmann machine with partial constraint satisfaction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The clustering problem refers to the partitioning of target sightings into sets. Two sightings are in the same set if and only if they are generated by sensor detections of the same target and are in the same great circle arc (GARC) trajectory of that target. A Boltzmann machine is developed whose sparse architecture provides for only partial constraint satisfaction of the associated cost function. This together with a special graphics interface serve as an aid in determining GARCs. Our approach differs from others in that the neural net is built to operate in conjunction with a non-neural tracker. This further restricts the architectural complexity of the network and facilitates future experimentation regarding decomposition of the neural net across several Von Neumann processors. Also, the Boltzmann machine architecture eases the effort of finding optimal or near optimal solutions. Results are presented. The demonstrated feasibility of neural GARC determination encourages investigation into the extension of its role in the track formation process utilizing an environment that includes supercomputers, neurocomputers, or optical hardware. The network architecture is capable of identifying a host of geometric forms other than GARCs and can thus be used in several domains including space, land, and ocean.
Atenolol self-poisoning.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

for skilled advice on occupational health matters, and in consequence many previously neglected environmental problems have come to light which call for medical help.It is the duty of those who undertake to advise them to make it plain that these are the important tasks, and that occupational medicine does not consist of routine examinations of new employees on the pretence that the doctor can forecast future sickness absence experience or survival.
[Subclasses of IgG: biological aspects and functional behavior in response to vaccination].

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The IgG subclasses are known to have different structure and functions. The IgG1 and IgG3 bind to monocyte and neutrophils and activate the complement more easily then IgG2 and IgG4. The levels of IgG subclasses found in newborns are mainly determined by the transplacental passage since the synthesis, in the first time of life, is very low. The levels found in adults are reached only during the adolescence. The immune response to a protein antigen is mainly in the IgG1 subclass, on the contrary the response to polysaccharide antigens is mainly IgG2. For that reason children, who produce very few IgG2 till they are 2 years old, cannot be vaccinated with carbohydrate vaccines unless a protein conjugate vaccine is used. In addition, the route of subministration, the dose of antigen, the age of vaccinated people and genetic factors can modify the subclass pattern obtained in response to vaccinations. For these reasons, probably, the immune response studied after a vaccination or in individuals who recovered from a natural disease is not always the same. Since the role of the different subclasses is not yet completely clarified, the interpretation of the importance of a selective "choice" of a subclass instead of another after vaccination is still difficult.
<title>Electrochromic performance of sol-gel-deposited CeO2 films</title>

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Ceria (CeO2) films were prepared by a sol-gel technique onto fluorine doped tin oxide coated glass substrates. The coating solution was derived from cerium ammonium nitrate dissolved in ethanol with diethanolamine used as a complexing agent. Lithium intercalating properties of the films were investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and UV-visible spectroscopy. The electrochemical examinations were performed in a 0.5 M LiClO4 propylene carbonate electrolyte. The additional film characterizations were performed in X-ray diffractometry (XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. XRD of the films showed that they had an cerianite structure for heat treatment temperatures at or above 450 degree(s)C. The SEM examinations showed that the surface texture was uniform and homogeneous. CV examinations showed a reversible electrochemical insertion or extraction of Li+/e- ions maintaining a high optical transmissivity. Spectroelectrochemistry showed that these films can be used as optically passive counter-electrode in transmissive electrochromic devices.
Supplementary Materials from Breast Cancer Detection by B7-H3–Targeted Ultrasound Molecular Imaging

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Table 1. Summary of B7-H3 Immunohistochemistry Scores in Human Tissue Samples. Supplementary Table 2. Subanalysis of B7-H3 IHC Scores in Cancer and Surrounding Normal, Benign and Precursor Lesions</p>