jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Involvement of Streptomyces in the Deterioration of Cultural Heritage Materials Through Biomineralization and Bio-Pigment Production Pathways: A Review

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Streptomyces are involved in the deterioration of cultural heritage materials through several pathways, the most important of these are biomineralization and bio-pigment production. The biomineralization pathway can occur through the precipitation of calcite, silica, barytes, hydromagnesite and iron compounds on colonized paintings and on stone surfaces with paintings in relief. Streptomyces biomineralize boron although it was confirmed in biodeterioration of cultural heritage materials. The other pathway occurs via bio pigment production and the most common of these biopigments are melanin with colors ranging from black through brown to olive, carotenoids with colors ranging from red, yellow, and pink through to violet and thirdly, actinorhodin-related blue pigments.
GIS-Based Model for Mapping Malaria Risk under Climate Change Case Study: Burundi

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Malaria is one of the largest problems threatening global public health that is expected to increase in the future under climate change due to associated warming and wetter conditions. This will exacerbate disease burden in Burundi as one of sub-Saharan African countries, where 2 million cases of malaria were reported in 2015. This highlights the need for developing a methodology for mapping malaria risk under climate change and delineating those regions that may potentially experience malaria epidemics in the future. Malaria transmission and distribution are generally determined by a wide range of climatic, topographic and socioeconomic factors. The paper in hand is intended to map malaria risk in Burundi under climate change up to 2050. For this purpose, a GIS-based model was developed for mapping malaria as a function of various climatic and topographic determinants of malaria. The developed GIS-model was used in mapping malaria risk under current climatic conditions. Thereafter, the produced risk map was validated compared to malaria morbidity data in Burundi at health district level. Finally, the GIS-model was applied to map malaria risk in the future under RCPs 2.6 and 8.5 scenarios up to 2050. It was found that about 34.6% and 44% of Burundi land surface will be highly vulnerable to malaria risk by 2050 under RCPs 2.6 and 8.5 scenario, respectively. Also, it was noted that such highly vulnerable areas are distributed mainly in northern parts of the country. The suggested GIS-based model for mapping malaria risk under climate change can contribute largely to more informed decision-making and policy making process in terms of planning for intervention and control malaria risk. This in turn can support reducing disease burden and improving resilience to climate change.
Specifics of the distribution of commercial fishes in the northwestern Bering Sea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Data of trawling censuses (1996–2005) are used to analyze the specifics of the distribution of commercial fishes present in the northwestern Bering Sea in summer and autumn and forming accumulations in the waters of the Olyutorsky-Navarin region. Areas with maximum fish density usually have a temperature range of 2.4–4.0°C in near-bottom water layers; they are observed in the same localities, with some interannual variation: in the middle shelf, with depths of 50–160 m southwest of Cape Navarin to Cape Khaiidin and between the Dezhneva Bay and Expeditsii Bay, and in waters of the continental slope adjacent to the first area, with depths over 270 m. The accumulations on the shelf mainly consist of such commercial species as the Alaska pollock Theragra chalcogramma, Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus, saffron cod Eleginus gracilis, northern rock sole Lepidopsetta polyxystra, Alaska plaice Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus, and righteye flounders of the genus Hippoglossoides (H. robustus and H. elassodon); on the continental slope, they consist mainly of the Greenland halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides and Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis. The recorded density of fish in the Olyutorsky-Navarin region was the highest in 2004–2005 and the lowest in 1999, 2001, and 2002. This variation was determined mainly by the interannual variation in the fishing for cods (Gadidae), which reflected the emergence of abundant generations and migration activity in fishes of this family, as well as from differences in the efficiency of fishing gear. Fishing for many species can and should be performed simultaneously; special attention should be paid to the coastal areas of the Olyutorsky-Navarin region, where considerable fish resources (such as the saffron cod, Pacific halibut, and other righteye flounders) are present.
Inverse Solutions for One-Dimensional Seismic Waves in Elastic, Inhomogeneous Media

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

An inverse procedure is developed for obtaining exact solutions to the one-dimensional inhomogeneous wave equation. Transformations of the independent spatial variable and the dependent variable are introduced so that the wave equation assumes the form associated with a homogeneous material. The resulting transformation relations are nonlinear but of such a nature that they can be easily integrated if the reciprocal of the wave speed distribution can be expressed in terms of elementary functions. One functional form that yields realistic values for material properties of soil layers is investigated in detail. Amplification factors for a sinusoidal seismic shear wave in inhomogeneous and homogeneous layers are derived and illustrations of significantly different characteristics for the two types of layers are shown.
Problems of Novice Teachers: Challenges vs. Support

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Each year thousands of students (novice teachers) get a degree to start teaching. 30% to 50% teachers leave their jobs in the first five years of their carrier around the world. The novice teachers often appear to be in need of helpful feedback in their first years from experienced colleagues and administrators. The goal of this survey was to find out the problems that beginning teachers face in their first years of teaching, and investigate the support they get in these years from their colleagues and administrators. A conclusion is made that beginning teachers are not emotionally and practically ready to face the difficulties of teaching alone. Teachers are having challenges in their first years with classroom management, relational issues with colleagues, students and administrators. They are not getting enough support from their colleagues in the first years, when they especially need it.
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK AND C4.5 ALGORITHMS FOR TAMPER DETECTION MODEL OF HEALTHCARE APPLICATIONS IN INTERNET OF THINGS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract: Security of a network is the most important challenges of the Internet of Things (IOT) that needs smarter security mechanism. Tamper detection is an effective technique used to deal with security violations. In this paper, a new IoT-Tamper Detection Model (TDM) based IoT for real data of healthcare applications has been proposed. In this model, artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm with RC4-EA encryption method and IOT-C4.5 algorithm are applied for TDM. The experimental results showed that the detection performance of ANN is 98.51% and 76.66 % for the C4.5 algorithm. In addition, the proposed model showed that the ANN algorithm enhances the timing speed than C4.5 algorithm which is important for real time IOT - TDM healthcare application.
The D trisomy syndrome: a case report with a description of ocular pathology.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A male infant with trisomy of one of the 13-15, or D, group of autosomes is described. The infant survived for only a few hours and had the following congenital abnormalities: defect of the scalp and underlying vertex of the skull, hemangioma, microphthalmia, cleft palate, ulnar deviation of forearms and wrists with flexion deformity of the fingers, polydactyly of the feet, interauricular septal defect, cryptorchidism and polycystic kidneys. Retinal dysplasia was the major abnormality in the microphthalmic eye.The congenital anomalies caused by D trisomy are sufficiently characteristic for the chromosomal error to be suspected in a newborn infant. A chromosome analysis is advisable for confirmation of the diagnosis.
Does the method of administering fluids matter for contrast‐induced nephropathy? REMEDIAL III compares LVEDP versus urine flow‐guided hydration

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Key Points Contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among patients undergoing angiographic procedures. Limiting contrast dose and administration of intravenous normal saline appear to be the best approaches to reducing CIN, but the timing, dose, and duration of optimal hydration is poorly understood. The REMEDIAL III trial protocol outlines two different targeted hydration regimens (guided either by continuous measurement of urine output or by initial left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), and 700 patients at high risk of CIN will be randomized.
THE ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL SUPPORT’S PRINCIPLES OF CIVIL-MILITARY COOPERATION IN PREPARATION FOR MILITARY SERVICE

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article aims to define and characterize the distinctive principles of administrative and legal support for civil-military cooperation in military service preparation. Throughout the article, the author employs comparative legal, formal dogmatic, and structural legal methods, alongside modeling. These methods, based on a systematic approach, enable an integrated examination of the phenomena and processes under study, considering their interrelationships. The author stresses the importance of principles that facilitate an optimal balance between the interests of individuals, the military, and the State. The modeling process of administrative and legal support principles for civil-military cooperation in military service preparation must account for the interplay and correlation among these categories. Key principles identified include the consistency and efficiency of administrative and legal support, balancing private and public interests, immanence, unification, consideration of command unity and continuity in military administration, a three-component military-pedagogical goal, and an integrative nature.
Adoptive Reading

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Consider these characters: Oswald Bastable (and his five brothers and sisters), Sara Crewe, Tom Sawyer, Anne (of Green Gables), Rebecca (of Sunnybrook Farm). Orphans all, at least in the nineteenth-century sense of the term, and also voracious, impressionable, and, to use the parlance of our day, interactive readers. Acting out scenes from their favourite novels and poems and ‘tak[ing] them to illuminate the world’ (the phrase is Jonathan Culler’s) is not in these novels, quixotic behaviour they need to grow out of but rather a reading strategy that allows them to find a kind of family, a community and a sense of belonging. What is more, their ‘active, invested, adoptive reading’ (Stauffer 95) enables them to survive in both domestic and economic terms. This chapter therefore seeks to shed light on the way that childhood reading was constructed and construed in the period we celebrate as the Golden Age of children’s literature and to uncover the connection between that kind of reading and the way these classic texts for and about children contributed to the era’s valorisation of the nuclear family, even as they depict and celebrate decidedly non-normative forms of family.
Iosulamide

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Iosulamide is a bis-benzoic analogue of metrizoate that shows clear advantages in animal tests over meglumine iodipamide. The intravenous toxicity of iosulamide meglumine is considerably lower than that of iodipamide (Cholografin) in the mouse and rat. The LD50 in mice for iosulamide meglumine is 11,500 ± 844 mg free acid/kg and for iodipamide is 2380 ± 290 mg free acid/kg. A threefold difference in toxicity was seen in rats; the LD50 for iosulamide meglumine is 13,600 ± 1710 mg free acid kg and for iodipamide is 4430 ± 310 mg free acid/kg. Iosulamide is a highly effective contrast agent for cholangiocholecystographic visualization in cats and monkeys. Speed and degree of opacification are equivalent to that of iodipamide at equimolar doses. Studies of biliary and urinary excretion patterns indicate iosulamide is rapidly excreted compared to iodipamide, while at the same time providing equal concentrations in bile on an mg/ml bile basis. A more efficient blood to bile clearance rate and a shorter blood half-life for iosulamide may account for the lower circulating blood levels and rapid total excretion compared to iodipamide. Iosulamide's rapid blood-bile clearance coupled with its extremely low toxicity may allow rapid administration of high doses, affording superior visualization and safety compared to iodipamide. It may also provide visualization of the liver parenchyma with computerized axial tomography, due to the pharmacokinetic profile that provides for high liver clearance but low blood levels. The emetic potential of iosulamide meglumine is quite low compared to iodipamide. Iosulamide meglumine also lacks hypotensive activity. Little or no effect on blood pressure was seen with iosulamide meglumine in cats or monkeys, whereas iodipamide caused marked transient, or sustained, reductions. Iosulamide meglumine did not produce significant toxic effects when administered as single daily intravenous injections to albino rats for three weeks, or in 10-minute intravenous infusions to rhesus monkeys 10 times in 14 days. Clinical trials with iosulamide are under way.
Experimental neurohistological studies on bilateral spinal projection of snout primary sensory neurons.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

What kind of a role does the snout sensory input play in the feeding activity in animals? In order to obtain the neuroanatomical information on this question, the following study was conducted on 21 dd mice including 3 young mice, 14 young Wistar rats and 6 adult Japanese shrew moles.The animals were subjected to unilateral and bilateral infraorbital nerve transection. Transganglionic degeneration was studied by the Nauta method and electron microscopy which included non-HRP and HRP application to the neck muscles.Transganglionic degeneration was found in every experimental case. In the mouse, it spread from the brain stem to the upper part of the thoracic spinal cord. At the obex level, transganglionically degenerated fibers appeared dorsal to the cuneate nucleus on each side and then descended to the posterior funiculi of the cervical spinal cord. The degenerated fibers entered the posterior and anterior horns at each segment and reached as far as the level of the first thoracic spinal cord. Synaptic boutons of the transganglionically degenerated axons terminated in the motor nerve cells. In the rat, the degeneration pattern resembled that of the mouse in the brain stem but not at the spinal cord level.Under electron microscopy, in the three species of animals, at the various levels of the cervical spinal cord, transganglionically degenerated axons and axo-dendritic and axo-axonic synapses were discovered in the posterior horn and besides these two synapse types the axo-somatic synapses were also found bilaterally in the anterior horn.
Rational Design of TiO<sub>2</sub>-Based Anode Materials Using Computer Modelling

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

On the basis of advanced computer simulations a relationship between the structure and the phase behaviour of Li-intercalated titanates is established. The relationship is based on the charge transfer occurring upon intercalation and strong coupling between electronic and structural degree of freedom. Furthermore, a model inferring phase behaviour of lithiated titanates on consideration of the properties of the parent phase is proposed. As an example, the model is used here for screening of prospective morphologies that would exhibit considerable enhancement of Li-uptake on the nanoscale.
Real-world treatment outcomes in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small lymphocytic lymphoma who were treated with first-line single-agent ibrutinib vs. chemoimmunotherapy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

e19509 Background: Real-world evidence on Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor treatment vs chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) has been limited to certain practice settings; research using a large and more comprehensive data source is warranted. Methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluated treatment outcomes among patients with CLL/SLL treated with first-line (1L) ibrutinib (IBR) or CIT using the US claims data from the Komodo Health payer-complete dataset, derived from >150 private insurers and >140 million insured individuals from 2015 to 2022. This study included adult patients with CLL/SLL who initiated 1L single-agent IBR or CIT (defined as no prior CLL/SLL treatment for ≥12 months in the baseline period) on or after March 2016. Time to next treatment (TTNT) was defined as the time from initiation (index date) of 1L treatment to treatment add-on or switch to a next line of therapy ≥29 days post-index and was compared using Cox proportional hazards models. Cohorts were balanced on baseline characteristics using inverse probability of treatment weights. Results: A total of 3570 1L IBR- and 2391 CIT-treated patients were included, with the mean age 68 vs 64 years, 63% vs 66% male, and mean Quan-Charlson Comorbidity Index score 2.87 vs 3.05, respectively. Median follow-up was 26 vs 31 months, and 13% vs 26% of patients recorded a next treatment during the study period for IBR and CIT, respectively. At 1-, 3-, and 5-year post-index, the probabilities (95% confidence interval [CI]) of not initiating a new treatment were 92% (91%-93%), 83% (81%-84%) and 76% (73%-78%) vs 88% (87%-89%), 70% (68%-73%) and 56% (53%-60%) for the IBR and CIT cohorts, respectively. After controlling for baseline characteristics, 1L IBR patients were significantly less likely to initiate the next line of therapy during the study period (hazard ratio 0.61, 95% CI 0.54-0.69, p<0.001). Conclusions: 1L single-agent IBR was associated with a significantly lower risk of advancing to next line of treatment compared to CIT in this large claims-based data set, reinforcing real-world effectiveness of 1L IBR for CLL in an insured US patient population. [Table: see text]
Antioxidant Potential of Abutilon indicum (L.) Sw.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

To explore new biocompatible antioxidants with the least associated side-effects, the present study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant activity of leaf extracts of Abutilon indicum L. (Malvaceae).The methanol extract was prepared and screened for in vitro antioxidant activities using Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay.The reducing power of a methanolic leaf extract of Abutilon indicum was markedly enhanced with the increasing concentrations.In addition, the potential antioxidant(s) from the plant extract of Abutilon indicum were partially purified by thin layer chromatography.The results indicate a strong antioxidant activity of the extract.
Supplemental Figures from v-Src Oncogene Induces Trop2 Proteolytic Activation via Cyclin D1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Supplemental Figure 1. Trop2 ICD abundance is maintained by Src kinase. Supplemental Figure 2. Canertinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting EGFR reduces cell proliferation but does not affect Trop2 ICD abundance. Supplemental Figure 3. Schematic representation of the mechanism by which Src induction of cyclin D1 enhances cleavage of the membrane associated Trop2 complex to thereby enhance Trop2 ICD. Supplemental Figure 4. Human prostate cancer Tissue Microarray (TMA) IHC staining.</p>
Reduced Oxidative Stress Promotes NF-κB-Mediated Neuroprotective Gene Expression after Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia: Lymphocytotrophic Cytokines and Antiapoptotic Factors

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is activated by oxidative stress such as that induced by transient focal cerebral ischemia (tFCI). Whether NF-κB has a role in cell survival or death in stroke is a matter of debate. We proposed that the status of oxidative stress may determine its role in cell death or survival after focal ischemia. To characterize the coordinated expression of genes in NF-κB signaling after mild cerebral ischemia, we investigated the temporal profile of a NF-κB-pathway-focused DNA array after 30 mins of tFCI in wild-type (WT) mice and human copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase transgenic (SOD1 Tg) mice that had a significantly reduced level of superoxide. Differentially expressed genes among 96 NF-κB-related genes were further confirmed and compared in the WT and SOD1 Tg mice using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Persistent upregulation of NF-κB seen at 7 days in the WT mice was decreased in the SOD1 Tg mice. Lymphocytotrophic cytokine genes such as interleukin-2, interleukin-12, and interferon-α1 were increased in the SOD1 Tg mice compared with the WT mice after tFCI. In addition, antiapoptosis factors bcl-2 and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 rapidly increased in the SOD1 Tg mice compared with the WT mice. This study indicates that reduced oxidative stress by SOD1 overexpression increased NF-κB-related rapid defenses, such as immune response and antiapoptosis factors, and prevented brain damage after tFCI-induced oxidative stress.
Longitudinal Study of Habituation and Participatory Design for Multi-User Shared Virtual Environments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper details the results of a longitudinal study of user habituation, usage and involvement with a shared virtual 3D environment acting as a meeting space. The study involved investigation of the effectiveness of a range of design features which were included to enhance communication, discussion and social interaction among a group of four users of the shared space. The users took part in six sessions over a period of seven weeks. The paper focuses on usage of the shared space and details user involvement in the design process in terms of reactions to avatar personalisation; avatar life signs, gestures and navigation control; the means for identifying who is talking; and symbolic acting by avatars. The results indicate the importance of key features for the design of virtual environments. Participants wanted to identify their own protocols for turn-taking in conversation and they wanted simple gesture control. For example, one-click visual buttons for the selection of gestures were preferred to pulldown menus. It took users five or six sessions to complete the participatory design process at which point they were totally comfortable with the use of the virtual meeting space. Finally, symbolic acting was shown to be a viable addition to the shared space to assist group dynamics.