jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
<title>Analysis of interface and volume inhomogeneities in a multilayer system by light scattering methods</title>

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigated thin MgF2/LaF3- and LaF3/MgF2-layers on opaque glass with angle resolved light scattering to analyze the different scattering contributions. We already showed the possibility of separating the volume scattering from the interface contribution for a single MgF2-layer on BK7. In this work we concentrated on layers with thicknesses common for multilayer mirrors in the UV. The roughness of the interfaces was included in the calculations by the power spectral density measured with the atomic force microscope. This has proven to be better than a Gaussian or exponential correlation function ansatz. In order to obtain as much information as possible we also investigated the uncoated substrates and the corresponding single layer systems. We found again that the investigated layers, which have columnar structure, showed generally non-negligible volume scattering. Additionally crosscorrelation between the different interfaces must be taken into consideration.
Predicting Item Adoption Using Social Correlation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Users face a dazzling array of choices on the Web when it comes to choosing which product to buy, which video to watch, etc. The trend of social information processing means users increasingly rely not only on their own preferences, but also on friends when making various adoption decisions. In this paper, we investigate the effects of social correlation on users' adoption of items. Given a user-user social graph and an item-user adoption graph, we seek to answer the following questions: 1) whether the items adopted by a user correlate to items adopted by her friends, and 2) how to incorporate social correlation in order to improve prediction of unobserved item adoptions. We propose the Social Correlation model based on Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) that decomposes the adoption graph into a set of latent factors reflecting user preferences, and a social correlation matrix reflecting the degree of correlation from one user to another. This matrix is learned (rather than pre-assigned), has probabilistic interpretation, and preserves the underlying social network structure. We further devise a Hybrid model that combines a user's own latent factors with her friends' for adoption prediction. Experiments on Epinions and LiveJournal data sets show that our proposed models outperform the approach based on latent factors only (LDA).
The H2020 Ponte Project Web Site: An Online Resource For Scientific Dissemination On Emerging Pest Diseases

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The International Research Consortium POnTE (Pest Organism Threatening Europe) is being funded by the European Commission under the Horizon 2020 programme to investigate four pathogens (i.e. Xylella fastidiosa, Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum, Hymenoscyphus fraxineus and Phythophtora spp.) representing a major threat to strategic crops and natural landscapes in the EU, and identify integrated management strategies for their containment. The wide range of studies conducted within the Project tasks on key emergent pests and the rising request for accessing up-to-date references over the Internet, suggested the need to provide a larger variety of real-time information about the project and its targets for a much wider variety of end-users. A WordPress-based web portal (www.ponteproject.eu) has been created by the Coordination Team to support collaborative platform functions, enhance the project’s visibility and provide in a flexible manner a rapid dissemination of valuable information, fostering raise of general knowledge and public awareness on relevant themes in plant pathology. Answering to the modern challenges, accounting for an effective web-based pest information system, the resource is intended as an open-access platform to share scientific achievements, upload promotional material and fact sheets, communicate conferences and training courses, report press review and legislative regulations. A social media presence on Twitter and Facebook channels was set up from the early stages in order to enable a two-way communication with a web-active audience and work towards a continuous engagement of the major plant pathology networking platforms and institutional accounts. To keep Project partners and interested parties always informed of the web site updates and encourage frequent visits, a newsletter is being released on a weekly basis.
Three tests of cortisol secretion in adult endogenous depressives

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Seventy‐nine drug‐free adult patients fitting RDC criteria for major depressive disorder endogenous subtype (EMDD), and 64 normal adult volunteers, were studied al pretreatment with at least one of three tests of cortisol secretion. The tests were: 1) Mean half‐hourly cortisol concentrations from 1 p.m. to 4 p.m. (1‐4 PM CORT); 2) plasma cortisol response to 0.15 mg/kg of dextroamphetamine hydrochloride (DACT) in the afternoon; 3) dexamethasone suppression test (DST) using 1 or 2 mg. Thirty‐six depressives and 27 volunteers underwent all three tests. Analysis of the data was performed for each test singly, for all pairs of tests and for all three tests in same subjects. Results show that the single most sensitive cortisol test for depressions is the DACT (72 %), with a specificity of 88 %. These tests may measure different underlying path (c)physiologies associated with depression.
Natural Nonlinear Quantum Units and Human Artificial Linear System of Units

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Diving into the nonlinear massive range of nuclear physics, the quark model already indicates that the linearized massless length scales break down. Although we are often confronted with nonlinear and relativistic dynamics, we obtain our fundamental values with the classical linear system of units SI by linear extrapolation. Ignoring the correspondent nonlinear relations while extrapolating to the Planck scale h=c=µ=1 based on linear massless relations leads to pseudo-scales equivalent to geometrized mass units. This paper shows that one of the fundamental dimensions length, time, mass becomes redundant approaching the Planck scale. The hidden information can be assigned to a geometrized natural quantum mass unit µ part of the Planck constant h. In other words: c, h, and µ are interrelated.
Service climate and employee well being in higher education

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract A growing emphasis on the discourse of ‘student as customer’ has increased the salience of the concept of service climate in universities and anecdotal evidence suggests that this may have placed increased pressure on staff. This study investigated the relationship between service climate and psychological well being in a sample of 340 university staff. Questionnaire data was analysed using structural equation modelling showed that a positive service climate was negatively related to job-induced tension and positively related to job satisfaction. Job-induced tension also mediated the effects of service climate on psychological dysfunction and job satisfaction. Implications for management of university stakeholder relationships and directions for future research are discussed.
Children's Screen Content in an Era of Forced Migration: Copenhagen Workshop Briefing

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Iraqi, Syrian and other refugees and migrants who undertake dangerous journeys to Europe are often viewed as a set of statistics. In thinking about how we reach young children with stories about migration, it is worth remembering that Europe has its own long history of forced migration, through invasion, persecution and deportation. This report summarises discussions at the second in a series of three workshops taking place as part of a one-year project funded by the Arts & Humanities Research Council (AHRC) under the title ‘Collaborative Development of Children’s Screen Content in an Era of Forced Migration Flows: Facilitating Arab-European Dialogue’. Based on input from documentary film-makers, especially from Denmark and the Netherlands, as well as television executives, audience researchers, child’s rights advocates and Arab media practitioners, the Copenhagen Workshop Briefing summarises participants’ responses to films, news items, web series and advocacy videos dealing with children’s escape to Europe and their next steps. It looks in detail at the challenges of funding and distributing such material, the ethical risks in making it, and examples of content that shares cultural and political knowledge. Other briefings in the series are based on workshops in Manchester (December 2017) and Munich (May 2018). The project ends with a symposium in London in September 2018.
Exploring Gender Differences through the Lens of Spatiotemporal Behavior Patterns in a Cultural Market: A Case Study of Panjiayuan Market in Beijing, China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Markets are more than commercial places with high mobility, greatly contributing to urban vitality, social inclusion, and even local identity, which have all been studied extensively. However, as one of the market types, the cultural market contains a highly gendered feature in our contemporary cities that has rarely been explored. Therefore, this article presents a survey that uses spatiotemporal behavior mapping (STBM) to collect gender-related behavior patterns across four sites, five activity layers, four age groups, and three time dimensions in Beijing Panjiayuan cultural market, China. Our results show that all sites are generally dominated by males. Although mobility is higher on weekends than weekdays, the number of women decreases and the number of men increases at the weekend, resulting in a higher gender ratio. The gender ratio in the 19–36 and 54+ year groups synchronized decline with mobility, whereas other age groups did not appear to be significantly affected. More specifically, in the buying and common activities layers, the ratio of men to women at the two sites with higher mobility increased, and vice versa. It is the first study to present the effect of spatial mobility on gender differences in a cultural market by using objective spatiotemporal data. Our findings provide a scientific basis for the optimization and design practice of culture-related spaces to create a more equal and inclusive urban environment.
Anticancer protein that bites polymer tail is more effective

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cyclizing the termini of protein drugs can improve their pharmaceutical properties modestly, and adding polymers to protein drugs can improve their ability to last a long time in the bloodstream. But anticancer protein-polymer conjugates are often too bulky to enter tumors deeply. Researchers now find that cyclization and polymer conjugation work better together than alone. Hua Lu of Peking University and coworkers cyclized a conjugate of the anticancer protein interferon and an amino acid polymer. Compared with noncyclized conjugates, the cyclized agents have longer circulation half-life, remarkably higher retention time in tumors, and deeper tumor penetration in mice (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13017). It also inhibits tumor progression and extends survival in mice bearing grafted human tumors, while minimizing liver-damaging side effects. The researchers have not confirmed those findings in people yet, but they believe that their study provides the best evidence so far that cyclizing protein-polymer conjugates
Chilling Temperature Storage Changes the Inorganic Phosphate Pool Distribution in Cherimoya (Annona cherimola) Fruit

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Phophorous nuclear magnetic resonance ( 31 P-NMR) spectroscopy was used to study the vacuolar and cytoplasmic pH and the inorganic phosphate (Pi) pool distribution in `Fino de Jete' cherimoya ( Annona cherimola Mill.) fruit stored at a chilling temperature (6 °C). Fruit stored at the ripening temperature (20 °C) for 3 days were used as a control. 31 P-NMR results confirmed that 6 °C storage caused cytoplasmic acidosis (a decrease of 0.72 ± 0.08 pH units) and a notable increase in the amount of Pi in the cytoplasm. Spectra of perchloric acid extracts also revealed that storage at 6 °C was associated with an increase in the total amount of Pi and phosphorylated metabolites. Moreover, perfusion experiments with a phosphate medium confirmed the preferential accumulation of Pi in the cytoplasm in chilled tissues. Specific activation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) (32.1 ± 1.7 μmol·min -1 ·mg -1 ) was observed in those fruit. In chilled fruit the amount of ADP was held at steady-state levels and ATP levels increased, contrary to observations for ripe fruit, where the pool of total nucleotides decreased beyond the point of NMR detection. Fruit stored at 6 °C exhibited a low respiration rate, but metabolism was not arrested and an increase in total soluble solid contents was also observed.
Portrait of a giant deep-seated magmatic conduit system: The Seiland Igneous Province

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Seiland Igneous Province (SIP), Northern Norway, contains > 5000 km2 of mafic and ultramafic intrusions with minor alkaline, carbonatite and felsic rocks that were intruded into the lower continental crust at a depth of 25 to as much as 35 km.\n\nThe SIP can be geochemically and temporally correlated to numerous dyke swarms throughout Scandinavia at 560–610 Ma, and is linked to magmatic provinces in W-Greenland and NE-America that are collectively known as the Central Iapetus Magmatic Province (CIMP).\n\nRevised mapping show that the SIP exposes 85–90% layered tholeiitic- alkaline- and syeno-gabbros, 8–10% peridotitic complexes, 2-5% carbonatite, syenite and diorite that formed within a narrow (< 10 Ma) time frame in the Ediacaran (560–570 Ma). Large peridotite complexes were emplaced into the still hot and unconsolidated gabbro (no dating available) and are regarded as the main-conduit systems.\n\nGravimetric data implies an average thickness of igneous rocks of 4–5 km and also features six deep lithospheric roots of ultramafic rocks extending min 9 km into the crust. Together, the root structures represent the main volcanic conduits conveying thousands of km3 of mafic-ultramafic melts from the asthenosphere to the lithosphere.\n\nThe ultramafic complexes were predominantly emplaced into the layered gabbros at four major igneous centres, respectively, Nordre Brumandsfjord, Melkvann, Kvalfjord and Reinfjord. All complexes are situated in a right-way-up position and are steep sided forming large plugs. A marginal hybrid zone forms at the contact with country-rock and transitions gradually from olivine-mela-gabbro over pyroxenites that grades in to an olivine-clinopyroxenite zone, which is followed by a wehrlite zone and, finally, the centre of the complexes comprises pure dunite. From pyroxenite to dunite, olivine changes from Fo72 to Fo85 and clinopyroxene from Di80 to Di92 i.e. the complexes observe a reverse fractional crystallisation sequence with time.\n\nParental melt compositions modelled from early dykes indicate komatiitic to picritic melts with 16–22 wt% MgO, Cr of 1594 ppm and Ni of 611 ppm, which were emplaced at 1450–1500 °C. Melt compositions calculated from clinopyroxene compositions from Reinfjord are OIB-like with LREE enriched over HREE.\n\nThe high abundance of carbonatites and lamproites demonstrates the volatile-rich nature of the mantle source region and is further corroborated by the unusually high abundance of magmatic sulphides (0.5–1%) and carbonated and hydrous assemblages (c. 1%) throughout the region. In Reinfjord, they are also closely associated with PGE-Cu-Ni reef deposits.\n\nEssentially, the ultramafic complexes in the SIP comprises deep-seated transient magma chambers that facilitated mixing and homogenisation of a rich diversity of fertile asthenospheric melts en route to the upper parts of the continental crust.
Gain or Loss? The Internet Use among Generation Z and its Impact on Their Academic Achievement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Generation Z as digital natives are distinguished by their intense engagement in online activity. This article is an analysis of the impact of the internet use on academic performance in Gen Z based on data from the China Family Panel Studies (CEPS) 2020. Research findings show that there exist divides in the internet use among members of Gen Z with distinct family origins and that the impact of the internet use on students’ academic achievement varied according to their educational phases and prior academic rankings. The multi-categorical ordinal logistic regression model was adopted in the analysis.
Analisis Penerapan Proses Akuntansi Manajemen Pada UMKM Tao Toba

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The aim of this research is to conduct an in-depth analysis of the application of management accounting principles in Tao Toba micro, small and medium enterprises. The object of this research is Tao Toba micro, small and medium enterprises located on Jl.Ir.H.Juanda, Mayang, Jambi City. This research method is a descriptive approach with qualitative methods and by conducting direct interviews with the owner. The results of this research indicate that significant improvements need to be made in the financial management aspects of micro, small and medium enterprises. Micro, small and medium business owners need to carry out training on the use of modern accounting systems and management accounting practices.
Can the Communication Discipline Critically Engage with Mindfulness?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Questions arose at the 2018 Western States Communication Association conference as to whether mindfulness is necessarily a depoliticizing trend in the communication discipline or whether a critical or radical version can be useful for scholar-activists from marginalized locations. A nuanced definition of mindfulness, one that assumes some kind of sustained mindfulness practice, is offered. The definition allows space for or even requires and expects work toward social justice. Although the discipline has been slow to study or consider mindfulness, the essays that follow here explore whether and how mindfulness can be a useful addition to the discipline.
Risk-handling styles in a context of flooding and uncertainty in Jakarta, Indonesia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce an analytical framework to define and interpret heterogenous risk behaviour within communities facing natural hazard. By employing a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, the paper presents a categorization of "risk-styles" that are commonly used by Jakartan riverbank settlers facing recurrent risk. Unlike the more common concept of "flood-coping strategies", the notion of risk-styles extends the analysis of responses directly related to floods and involves a broader set of risk and poverty practices. The proposed analytical framework is likely to be useful for future research on the topic of understanding heterogenous risk behaviour, particularly for systemic comparisons of human responses to natural hazard in other parts of the world. Design/methodology/approach The data underlying this paper were obtained during a year of extensive anthropological fieldwork in 2010 and 2011, in one of the most flood-prone riverbank settlements in Jakarta, Indonesia. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods were used to obtain data in the field, while the analyses of risk-styles was based on quantitative and qualitative analyses of the survey results and narratives of the respondents of the study. Findings This paper defines and analyses four risk-handling styles that are commonly used by inhabitants of a flood-prone riverbank settlement in Jakarta (called Bantaran Kali in this paper) to handle recurrent flood risk. These risk-styles are not completely fixed over time; in particular circumstances, people may and do change their risk-style. However, they should not be considered random or ad hoc. Instead, the study shows how these risk-styles reflect practices that gradually develop during people's lives in a highly uncertain living environment (characterized by flood risk and poverty-related risks), and are more or less consistently used over longer periods of time and in relation to different types of risk and uncertainty. The paper argues that the four risk-styles described are influenced by factors that may seem unrelated to flood risk at first sight, such as trust in other actors and the government, networks and socializing skills, and the opportunities and limitations that are shaped by the economic and political structures in which riverbank settlers live. Originality/value This paper takes a bottom-up perspective and sheds light on the perceptions of a group of marginalized riverbank settlers on the risk of floods. By introducing the notion of risk-styles, it adds nuanced and empirical data that were obtained during extensive fieldwork to the debate on understanding heterogeneous risk behaviour. The originality of the paper lies in the combined use of qualitative and quantitative tools that were used to categorize common risk-styles as well as in the proposed analyses for defining and understanding heterogeneous risk behaviour.
Ultrastructure Of Conidium And Disjunctor Development In The Plant Pathogenic Fungus Monilinia Vaccinii-Corymbosi

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi is the cause of mummy berry disease of commercial blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) grown in the United States and Canada (1). Ovaries of blueberry flowers are infected by the conidia (asexual spores) of this pathogen. However, despite their importance in disease initiation, little is known of the ultrastructural features of these conidia. The only ultrastructural data on these spores has come from the work of Batra (2) who used scanning electron microscopy to describe the morphology of the so-called “disjunctors” which connect adjacent conidia of M. vaccinii-corymbosi. The presence or absence of disjunctors is an important taxonomic character in the genus Monilinia (1) but little is known of their development and exact nature. The objective of this study was, therefore, to elucidate details of conidium and disjunctor development in M. vaccinii-corymbosi.
Synthesis and Structure of Chiral Dinuclear Copper(II) Complex of Novel Structurally Reinforced Hexaazamacrocyclic Ligand

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A structurally reinforced chiral 18-membered azamacrocycle (2S,8S,11S, 17S)-2,8,11,17-tetraisobutyl-1,4,7,10,13,16 -hexaazatricyclo[14.2.2.27,10]docosane as a new type of ligand was conveniently synthesized by BH3 reduction from the corresponding constrained macrocyclic pseudopeptide cyclo[(2S,3′S)-2-(3′-isobutyl-2′-oxo-piperazine-1′-yl)-4-methyl-pentanoyl-glycyl]2. Its dicopper(II) complexes were prepared and characterized.