jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Satellite-to-Ground FSO System Based on Multiaperture Receivers as an Optimization Solution for Strong Turbulence and Fog Conditions

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Satellite-to-Ground Downlink-Free Space Optics (SatGD-FSO) communication systems are emerging as the key driver for telecom investment, with several factors driving this convergence. It is attractive to minimize the size, weight, and power profiles of the space terminals by utilizing high affectability and huge accumulation collection zone ground terminals. Multiaperture coherent receivers using spatial diversity approached is considered on the attractive solution can fulfill this necessity and have numerous focal points over the single enormous opening cognizant recipients. The effects of atmospheric and climatic conditions using various dynamic system parameters have been investigated as a function of bit-error-rate (BER) performance of multiaperture coherent receivers. Types of orbits, aperture averaging, zenith angle, transmit optical power, and modulation schemes are systematically investigated and compared to the SatGD communication system. The proposed solution with a maximum throughput of 2.5 Gbps is useful for a plan and optimization improvement of the SatGD-FSO systems.
The Intestinal Parasitic Infections and the CD4 Counts in HIV Seropositive Individuals in the Dhule District in Maharashra, India

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Context: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is fast becoming a major threat in the Indian subcontinent. Numerous opportunistic infections occur in such infected patients due to the downregulation of the immune system. Gastrointestinal parasitic infections are a universally recognized problem in these patients, reaching a rate of upto 50% in the developed and upto 95% in the developing countries. These infections largely present with diarrhoea, leading to life threatening complications. Aims: The present study was undertaken to determine the opportunistic parasitic infections in HIV AIDS patients and their correlation with the TCD4 count. Settings and Design: The present study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, ACPM Medical College, Dhule, Maharashtra, India, a tertiary care hospital, between Dec 2010 to August 2011. The HIV infected patients who presented with diarrhoea were selected. Materials and Methods: The stool samples which were col­ lected by taking universal precautions were examined by saline and iodine preparations and by the modified acid fast staining. The CD4 cell counts were estimated by using a FACS count system. Results: A total of 100 samples were received. Intestinal parasitic pathogens were detected in 55% of the patients. Among these 55 patients, coccidians were detected in 28 (50.9%) patients, protozoa in 15 (27.27%) patients, helminths in 12 (21.8%) patients, Cryptosporidium parvum in 15 (27.27%) patients, Isospora belli in 13 (23.63%) patients, Entamoeba histolytica in 9 (16.36%) patients, Giardia lamblia in 6 (10.9%) patients, Ascaris lumbricoides in 5 (9%) patients, Ancyclostoma duodenale in 3 (5.45%) patients, Hymenolepsis nana in 2 (3.6%) patients and Strongyloides stercoralis in 2 (3.6%) patients. Conclusion: Low CD4 counts were significantly associated with opportunistic infections. The detection of the aetiological pathogens might help the clinicians in deciding the appropriate management strategies, as an early diagnosis and a prompt treatment definitely contribute to an increased life expectancy by delaying the progression of AIDS.
LINGUISTIC ERRORS IN LEGAL TEXTSNurkiz Arysbekovna Nurbayeva

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The language of the law encompasses lexical, syntactic, and stylistic elements that shape the text of a law or other normative legal act. Requirements for the language of the law are considered during the drafting of a bill. However, in the process of legislative work, complete elimination of linguistic errors from the text is not always achievable. Such errors often include lexical and stylistic inaccuracies. The subject of the article is certain legal texts analyzed from a linguistic standpoint as part of fundamental and applied research on the topic "Monitoring Compliance with Content and Style Requirements in the Laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan." The relevance of the article lies in identifying and rectifying errors in the text of current legislation, determining gaps that lead to a distortion of the meaning of the main legal norms, and exploring ways to prevent such distortions. The author presents specific examples of typical linguistic errors of lexical, grammatical, and stylistic nature, as well as others found in the texts of current legislation. An analysis is conducted of regulatory proposals and legal norms to assess their conformity with the norms and rules of modern Kazakh literary language. While examining the texts of current laws, the author believes it is necessary to conduct comprehensive monitoring of current legislation to ensure high-quality content of legal acts; to develop a compendium of rules for the use of legal terminology to standardize terms; to create conditions for the development of research on legal technology across various legal domains; and to introduce into the educational process of universities the study of relevant legal and linguistic disciplines such as "Language and Law" and "Legislative Technique" in the form of courses or specialized courses.
Catholics and the care of destitute children in late Nineteenth Century New South Wales

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article addresses the question of why the Catholic Church in New South Wales continued and expanded its provision of institutional care of orphan and destitute children when state provision turned decisively away from this form of care in favour of a system of 'boarding out' of children with foster families after a Royal Commission in 1874. It is argued that relevant considerations include the social context of attempts to establish a secular public school system to replace church schools; the Catholic Church's opposition to the proselytism of Catholic children; the Catholic community's perception of the quality of care provided in Catholic orphanages and its reaction to the 1874 Report of the Royal Commission into Public Charities; ambivalence towards the state boarding out scheme and the absence within the Catholic Church and community of the resources necessary to establish and maintain a Catholic system of foster care.
Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of isolated genital tuberculosis and drug resistant urogenital tuberculosis- case series

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Genitourinary tuberculosis (GUTB) has varied presentation such as recurrent urinary tract infection, sterile pyuria with/without hematuria, irritating voiding symptoms, infertility, hydronephrosis and renal failure. Genital tuberculosis usually associated with renal TB but isolated cases may occur. Very few case reports of isolated tuberculous epididymo-orchitis have been published in literature. Epididymal TB may be the only clinically evident location of infection in rare cases of GUTB. Epididymal TB presents with non-specific local insidious and progressive symptoms which are difficult to differentiate with cysts, tumours and other infections. Suspicion of tubercular etiology becomes stronger with bilateral epididymal involvement along with testicular lesion and resistant to multiple courses of antibiotics. Tuberculous epididymo-orchitis has significant impact on fertility, as sperm count and motility may be reduced by blockage of the vas and/or secondary atrophy. Timely diagnosis and treatment will prevent late sequaele of disease such as non-functioning kidney and thimble bladder and infertility. We are presenting three cases of GUTB, two cases (Case 1 & 3) were isolated case of tuberculous epididymo-orchitis in a 20 year old male and a 35 year old male and one case (case 2) of complicated drug resistant genitourinary tuberculosis in a 29 year old male. These rare cases were managed successfully with diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
Additional file 6: of Development of novel InDel markers and genetic diversity in Chenopodium quinoa through whole-genome re-sequencing

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Table S5. Genotyping of 129 quinoa samples using 85 dimorphic InDel markers. Quinoa germplasms are represented by their serial numbers in TableÂ 1. Numbers 1 and 2 represent homozygous genotypes, 3 represents a heterozygous genotype, and 9 represents missing in the genotyping section. (XLSX 47Â kb)
Terqa Ceramic Culture during the 3rd Millennium BC. Material from 18th-26th Excavation Campaigns

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Terqa, an important Syrian Bronze Age site located in the Lower Middle-Euphrates region, benefited from a key position which provided the settlement with the opportunity to gain from exchanges and innovations arriving from both the North and South, while developing its own identity and culture. A new study on pottery has just been carried out on 3rd-millennium material from eight excavation seasons. The recovered material has been used to specify Terqa’s chronostratigraphy with greater accuracy, comparing it with the neighboring site of Mari and other contemporary ones but also providing us with a preliminary overview of Terqa’s ceramic culture during the Early Bronze Age.
Data from <i>BRN4</i> Is a Novel Driver of Neuroendocrine Differentiation in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer and Is Selectively Released in Extracellular Vesicles with <i>BRN2</i>

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>AbstractPurpose:<p>Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), an aggressive variant of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), often emerges after androgen receptor–targeted therapies such as enzalutamide or <i>de novo</i>, via trans-differentiation process of neuroendocrine differentiation. The mechanistic basis of neuroendocrine differentiation is poorly understood, contributing to lack of effective predictive biomarkers and late disease recognition. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of novel proneural <u>P</u>it-<u>O</u>ct-<u>U</u>nc-domain transcription factors (TF) in NEPC and examine their potential as noninvasive predictive biomarkers.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> Prostate cancer patient-derived xenograft models, clinical samples, and cellular neuroendocrine differentiation models were employed to determine the expression of TFs <i>BRN1</i> and <i>BRN4</i>. <i>BRN4</i> levels were modulated in prostate cancer cell lines followed by functional assays. Furthermore, extracellular vesicles (EV) were isolated from patient samples and cell culture models, characterized by nanoparticle tracking analyses, Western blotting, and real-time PCR.</p>Results:<p>We identify for the first time that: (i) <i>BRN4</i> is amplified and overexpressed in NEPC clinical samples and that <i>BRN4</i> overexpression drives neuroendocrine differentiation via its interplay with <i>BRN2</i>, a TF that was previously implicated in NEPC; (ii) <i>BRN4</i> and <i>BRN2</i> mRNA are actively released in prostate cancer EVs upon neuroendocrine differentiation induction; and (iii) enzalutamide treatment augments release of <i>BRN4</i> and <i>BRN2</i> in prostate cancer EVs, promoting neuroendocrine differentiation induction.</p>Conclusions:<p>Our study identifies a novel TF that drives NEPC and suggests that as adaptive mechanism to enzalutamide treatment, prostate cancer cells express and secrete <i>BRN4</i> and <i>BRN2</i> in EVs that drive oncogenic reprogramming of prostate cancer cells to NEPC. Importantly, EV-associated <i>BRN4</i> and <i>BRN2</i> are potential novel noninvasive biomarkers to predict neuroendocrine differentiation in CRPC.</p></div>
LHD EB-NPA #192942.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

To study fast ion confinement and transport mechanisms both in quiescent plasmas and in the presence of magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) activity, an electric field parallel to the magnetic field type neutral particle analyzer (E||B-NPA) was installed using Micro-Channel Plates (MCPs) in the Large Helical Device (LHD). The E||B-NPA is an established diagnostic used to measure the energy distribution of charge exchange neutral particles escaping from plasmas corresponding to hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium, respectively.
Electron-probe microanalysis: some applications in the assessment of steel product quality

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Electron-probe microanalysis was employed concurrently with optical metallography to understand the genesis of surface and internal defects which are critical to steel product quality. Investigations of surface defects such as ‘slivers’ on hot-rolled sheets, ‘edge-cracking’ of hot-rolled coils and longitudinal surface cracking of rolled round bars revealed that such defects in finished products are often inherited from upstream processing stages and eventually accentuated in the final stages of processing. Inadequately deoxidized steel with a high gas content, improper casting practices, usage of inferior quality mould powder and bad reheating practice in respect of temperature and furnace atmosphere were found to impair synergistically the quality of finish products. Microprobe analysis of internal defects such as cracks in billets and axial discontinuities/cracks in thick steel plates produced from continuously cast slabs elucidated the role of specific macrosegregation-causing elements during continuous casting and their ultimate effect in inducing transformation to undesirable microstructures which enhance cracking propensity. Some of these metallurgical applications where microprobe analysis, both qualitative and quantitative, has been used for the evaluation of steel product quality are described. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ANALISIS DAYA SAING USAHA TERNAK SAPI POTONG RAKYAT DI KABUPATEN MEMPAWAH

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This research aims to analyze the development of profitability, productivity, and output growth as well as to analyze the development of the competitiveness of the beef cattle bussiness in Mempawah Regency. This research took placed in 9 Sub-distric in Mempawah. The method used was the descriptive method using the panel data from 2008-2013. The data were processed using the method of ICI (Industrial Competitive Index) by finding out the indicator which included the index of profitability, productivity and output growth. The results of the analysis showed that the growth rate of the profitability index was 15.07%, the productivity index 12.67% and output growth index -4.74%. Based on the result of the analysis, the growth rate of the industry competitive index (ICI) for 9 Sub-distric in Mempawah Regency overall had a positive value. This indicated that the 9 Sub-distric in Mempawah Regency had the capability of competitiveness. The growth rate of the industrial competitive index for Mempawah Regency was 9.12%.
The Kyai and Hyperreal Ghosts: Narrative Practices of Horror, Commerce, and Censorship

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter examines the position of forms of imagination in the context of film narrative practices and debates on what kind of representations of society are acceptable in Indonesian audio-visual media. On one level, it considers horror from the perspective of film genres, discussing certain formats or formulas within such genres. On this level, horror is a forum for identity formation. On another level, the chapter discusses the concept of imaginations and the labeling of small-scale communities and genres. It reflects on discourses about film formulas within the horror genre, which are indicative of developments and problems in the search for a representative image of what constitutes the modern Indonesian nation. The chapter explores discourses about tolerable modes of representation of the supernatural in film and television and as part of modern Indonesian society. The kyai was an unrivalled asset in the exploitation of the supernatural in Indonesian audio-visual media.Keywords: film narrative practices; horror genre; Indonesian audio-visual media; kyai; supernatural powers
Focused apparent image position with convergent, parallel binocular and monocular microscopes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY The distance from the observer's eye at which the image appears to be focused was measured with monocular, convergent and parallel eyepiece bodies, interchangeable on a Spencer microscope, with a camera lucida prism and a calibrated optometer. Five optometric tests for binocular vision and one for stereopsis made on thirty‐four observers revealed no significant correlation with the positions of the images. The apparent image position from the eye using the parallel binocular eyepieces averaged 671 mm, with the convergent eyepiece body at 587 mm, and 469 mm with monocular observation. The relations of these image positions with possible rest equilibrium positions of the accommodative mechanism of the eye and optical design of binocular instruments are discussed.
Hölder continuity of solutions to hypoelliptic equations with bounded measurable coefficients

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We prove that $L^2$ weak solutions to hypoelliptic equations with bounded measurable coefficients are Hölder continuous. The proof relies on classical techniques developed by De Giorgi and Moser together with the averaging lemma and regularity transfers developed in kinetic theory. The latter tool is used repeatedly: first in the proof of the local gain of integrability of sub-solutions; second in proving that the gradient with respect to the velocity variable is $L^{2+ε}_{\mathrm{loc}}$; third, in the proof of an "hypoelliptic isoperimetric De Giorgi lemma." To get such a lemma, we develop a new method which combines the classical isoperimetric inequality on the diffusive variable with the structure of the integral curves of the first-order part of the operator. It also uses that the gradient of solutions w.r.t. $v$ is $L^{2+ε}_{\mathrm{loc}}$.
Premature capacitation and fertility of frozen-thawed bull semen used in artificial insemination

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The effect of various capacitation inducers, i.e. heparin, superoxide anion, bicarbonate, adenosine, and caffeine, and their role in intracellular mechanisms involved in capacitation, were studied in cryopreserved bovine sperm. Capacitation was determined by epifluorescence chlortetracycline, protein tyrosine phosphorylation, and the ability of capacitated sperm to undergo an acrosome reaction and fertilize in vitro matured oocytes. Participation of membrane adenylate cyclase and protein kinases (protein kinase A, protein kinase C, and protein tyrosine kinase) was evaluated indirectly (with specific inhibitors). Involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined with scavengers of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, or nitric oxide. Percentages of capacitated (27–29%) and acrosome-reacted sperm (23–26%) did not differ (P > 0.05) among various capacitation inducers. Significantly higher rates of IVF were obtained with heparin (43%) or bicarbonate plus caffeine (45%), when compared with control samples (17%). Adding the membrane adenylate cyclase inhibitor diminished capacitation rates with heparin (8%) or adenosine (10%). There was differential protein kinase participation in response to inducers; protein kinase inhibitors diminished cleavage rates in heparin-capacitated sperm relative to controls. There were differences between and within the studied inducers in protein tyrosine phosphorylation patterns. We inferred that capacitation in cryopreserved bovine sperm was promoted through diverse pathways. Mechanisms triggered by heparin, or caffeine plus bicarbonate-induced capacitation, involved activation of intracellular pathways to optimize fertilizing capability of cryopreserved bovine sperm.
3-D Scene Reconstruction Using Depth from Defocus and Deep Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Depth estimation is becoming increasingly important in computer vision applications. As the commercial industry moves forward with autonomous vehicle research and development, there is a demand for these systems to be able to gauge their 3D surroundings in order to avoid obstacles, and react to threats. This need requires depth estimation systems, and current research in self-driving vehicles now use LIDAR for 3D awareness. However, as LIDAR becomes more prevalent there is the potential for an increased risk of interference between this type of active measurement system on multiple vehicles. Passive methods, on the other hand, do not require the transmission of a signal in order to measure depth. Instead, they estimate the depth by using specific cues in the scene. Previous research, using a Depth from Defocus (DfD) single passive camera system, has shown that an in-focus image and an out-of-focus image can be used to produce a depth measure. This research introduces a new Deep Learning (DL) architecture that is capable of ingesting these image pairs to produce a depth map of the given scene improving both speed and performance over a range of lighting conditions. Compared to the previous state-of-the-art multi-label graph cut algorithms; the new DfD-Net produces a 63.7% and 33.6% improvement in the Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE) for the darkest and brightest images respectively. In addition to the NRMSE, an image quality metric (Structural Similarity Index (SSIM)) was also used to assess the DfD-Net performance. The DfD-Net produced a 3.6% increase (improvement) and a 2.3% reduction (slight decrease) in the SSIM metric for the darkest and brightest images respectively.
The evolution of growing occupations in online job postings in Alberta

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter provides insights into the occupations that grew the fastest in terms of online job postings (OJPs) in the years before the COVID‑19 pandemic. It also analyses the specific skills that are typically required by employers in Alberta and Canada to fulfil these roles, which include health related jobs, professionals in the logistics and transportation sector. Additionally, the chapter identifies which occupations that usually require post-secondary education experienced rapid growth, examining the skill demands within these roles as well. The chapter also addresses the impact of the pandemic on various occupations that were most heavily impacted, such as certain health-related jobs and welders/machinists. By providing insights into these factors, the chapter offers an understanding of the evolving labour and skill demand within Alberta's labour market.
Anti-convulsant therapy in eclampsia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Seventy four patients presented with eclampsia at N.W.M. Hospital. Bombay. Among the patients with eclampsia, 64.9&#x0025; were primis, 29.7&#x0025; were gravida II-IV and 5.4&#x0025; were grand multis. As many as 40.5&#x0025; patients were less than 20 years of age, while 2.7&#x0025; were over 30 years of age. 48.7&#x0025; had antepartum convulsions, 40.5&#x0025; had intrapartum convulsions, while 8 patients convulsed in the postpartum period. Besides standard management of eclamptic patients, 3 protocols of anticonvulsant therapy were utilised. 27&#x0025; were managed with diphenyl hydantoin sodium, 43&#x0025; with magnesium sulphate, and 30&#x0025; by combination of diazepam and pentazocine. The maternal and perinatal outcome was evaluated. Control of convulsions was superior with magnesium sulphate while perinatal outcome was best with diphenyl hydantoin.