jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATING THE OVERALL PERFORMANCE OF A DIESEL ENGINE OPERATED IN DUAL-FUEL MODE FUELED WITH WASTE PALM BIODIESEL AND PRODUCER GAS

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The present manuscript briefly elaborates on the overall performance of a four-stroke, single-cylinder, water-cooled, turbocharged direct injection diesel engine operated in dual-fuel mode fueled with waste cooking oil biodiesel and waste rice husk−generated producer gas keeping speed, injection timing, injection pressure, and producer gas flow rate constant (i.e., 1500 rpm, 22bTDC, 220 bar, and 21.69 kg/h, respectively). Results depicted a 20% waste cooking biodiesel blended diesel with inducted producer gas at a highest load of 5.02 kW. It was viewed that WBD20+P.gas (21.69 kg/kW-h) depicted slightly lower thermal efficiency (BTE) of 3.17%, and higher specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of 5.7% than diesel fuel at maximum load. Moreover, considering emission analysis, all greenhouse gas emissions−carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, and smoke opacity−depict 59.57%, 49.72%, and 42.78% lower value, respectively, and 3.94% higher oxide of nitrogen, than diesel fuel. Hence, we conclude that waste cooking biodiesel can act as a promising alternative fuel with producer gas for improving energy security and sustainability.
III-V HEMTs: low-noise devices for high-frequency applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With the recent development of broadband and satellite communications, one of the main engines for the advance of modern Microelectronics is the fabrication of devices with increasing cutoff frequency and lowest possible level of noise. Even if heterojunction bipolar devices (HBTs) have reached a good frequency performance, the top end of high frequency low-noise applications is monopolized by unipolar devices, mainly HEMTs (High Electron Mobility Transistors). In particular, within the vast family of heterojunction devices, the best results ever reported in the W-band have been obtained with InP based HEMTs using the AlInAs/InGaAs material system, improving those of usual GaAs based pseudomorphic HEMTs. In field effect devices, the reduction of the gate length (Lg) up to the technological limit is the main way to achieve the maximum performances. But the design of the devices is not so simple, when reducing the gate length it is convenient to keep constant the aspect ratio (gate length over gate-to-channel distance) in order to limit short channel effects. This operation can lead to the appearance of other unwanted effects, like the depletion of the channel due to the surface potential or the tunneling of electrons from the channel to the gate. Therefore, in order to optimize the high frequency or the low-noise behavior of the devices (that usually can not be reached together) not only the gate-to-channel distance must be chosen carefully, but also many other technological parameters (both geometrical and electrical): composition of materials, width of the device, length, depth and position of the recess, thickness and doping of the different layers, etc. Historically, these parameters have been optimized by classical simulation techniques or, when such simulations are not physically applicable, by the expensive 'test and error' procedure. With the use of computer simulation, the design optimization can be made in a short time and with no money spent. However, classical modelling of electronic devices meets important difficulties when dealing with advanced transistors, mainly due to their small size, and the Monte Carlo technique appears as the only possible choice
A Meta-Analysis of Arthroscopic Meniscal Repair: Inside-Out versus Outside-In versus All-Inside Techniques

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Meniscal repair has been introduced to preserve knee function and limit the accelerated degenerative changes associated with meniscal tissue resection. Arthroscopic techniques have evolved to improve morbidity. However, there are few clinical outcome studies in the peer-reviewed literature that compare the use of these approaches. Therefore, our purpose was to perform a meta-analysis of the existing literature on arthroscopic meniscal repair techniques. Specifically, we evaluated differences in: (1) operating time; (2) incidence of postoperative meniscal healing; (3) functional outcomes, using various scoring systems; and (4) incidence of complications. We searched the peer-reviewed literature using SCOPUS, Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Eight studies were eligible for the meta-analysis. These included one prospective, randomized trial (level I), three prospective, comparative studies (level II), and four retrospective, comparative studies (level III). There were a total of 476 patients who had a mean follow-up between 3 and 156 months. When evaluating objective outcomes, the inside-out technique had a significantly higher mean operating time than the all-inside technique. The inside-out and all-inside techniques had comparable meniscal healing rates, but the outside-in repair had a significantly higher rate of meniscal healing than the all-inside repair. Upon assessment of functional outcomes, the inside-out and all-inside methods had comparable International Knee Documentation Committee and Tegner activity scores, but the all-inside method had greater improvements in Lysholm scores. The inside-out and all-inside repairs had similar overall complication rates. All-inside repair may demonstrate lower operating times, but the outside-in repair may have superior meniscal healing rates. Functional outcomes are overall comparable between the techniques. However, there are limited clinical data on the outcome differences between these procedures, and further comparative studies with longer follow-up are needed.
Plasma Endothelin in Normal and Diabetic Pregnancy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE To examine endothelin-1 (ET-1) concentrations longitudinally throughout pregnancy in healthy and insulin-dependent diabetic women and to evaluate the relationship between ET-1 and big ET-1 in normal pregnancy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Venous blood samples were obtained consecutively in gestational weeks 18, 28, and 38 from 40 healthy women with uneventful pregnancies and 24 pregnant women with IDDM. By radioimmunoassay, plasma ET-1 and big ET-1 were analyzed in the healthy women and plasma ET-1 in the diabetic women. RESULTS In the diabetic pregnant women, plasma ET-1 levels were significantly higher than in healthy pregnant women during the entire observation period (P &lt; 0.001), but did not change with advancing gestational age. Five of the diabetic, but none of the healthy pregnant women, developed preeclampsia. ET-1 levels did not differ between the diabetic women who developed preeclampsia and those who did not. Plasma ET-1 levels in healthy pregnant women were within the range of those in healthy nonpregnant women and did not change during pregnancy. The big ET-1 levels increased and the ET-1/big ET-1 ratio decreased significantly during the observation period. CONCLUSIONS Plasma ET-1 levels do not change with advancing gestational length. During normal pregnancy, the ET-1/big ET-1 ratio decrease, indicating a suppressed converting enzyme activity or altered clearance of ET-1. Pregnant women with IDDM have markedly elevated ET-1 levels. Although diabetic women with and without preeclampsia did not differ with respect to endothelial dysfunction, as reflected by elevated ET-1 concentration, we cannot exclude that altered endothelial function may be of importance for the increased frequency of preeclampsia in pregnant IDDM patients.
Effects of Different Temperatures and Exogenous Ethylene Treatment on Ripening of Soft Pear

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this study, we chose Red clapp's, Abate and Jingbai pear as experimental materials, packaging with the 0.015 mm thick PE bags, in order to investigate the effects of different temperatures(20 ℃ and 26 ℃), exogenous ethylene treatment(the concentration was 100 μL·L-1and sealed for 24 h storage at 20 ℃) on ethylene production, respiratory intensity and ripening quality. The results show that, the moderate low temperature could enhance the ethylene production, reduce respiration intensity, and increase the drop speed of fruits hardness. The ripening of three kinds of soft pear fruit was uniform and the diseased fruit rate and weight loss rate were low when the storage temperature was 20 ℃. The best edible period of Red clapp's was storage for 6~8 d, Abate for 9~12 d, Jingbai for 12~15 d, auxiliary by 100 μL·L-1 concentration of ethylene treatment could accelerate the ripening of soft peer fruit.
A Study of the Pathological Findings and Treatment in Soft-Tissue Injury of the Thumb Metacarpophalangeal Joint

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1. The normal thumb metacarpophalangeal joint varies greatly in range of motion and stability as evidenced by a clinical study of one thousand hands. Arthrodesis of the joint should be avoided if possible; but if necessary, the absence of motion does not limit thumb function greatly. 2. One hundred and forty-five cases of soft-tissue injury of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint have been reviewed. These included twenty-six dorsal dislocations, twenty-seven radial or ulnar injuries with complete medial or lateral instability, and ninety-two sprains with slight instability. 3. The pathological findings in the totally unstable joints were variable. Plaster immobilization when maintained for four weeks produced satisfactory results in many of these injuries. Immediate or early surgery is not indicated until the results of a trial with immobilization in a plaster cast have been carefully evaluated. Surgical treatment should then be considered if there is pain and functional impairment. 4. Dorsal dislocation of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint seldom results in instability. This observation suggests that the collateral ligaments are relaxed in extension and are stretched or partially torn and not avulsed in most instances. 5. Stability of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint can be determined by clinical and roentgenographic stress testing when both thumbs are compared.
THE NAZIS' ARCHEOLOGY

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Nazi Party found that archeology is a very useful tool in propaganda. The Nazis used it to justify their nationalistic interests, from the conquest of Europe to create the Third Reich to genocidal racial cleansing. They glorified their past to unite the German people and gain their support. However, the people could not have been misled without the cooperation or apathy of German archeologists in general.
Laparoscopically assisted colpotomy with the Pelosi illuminator and Visiport trocar system.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This colpotomy technique is quick, efficient and easy to perform. Advantages include retention of pneumoperitoneum, facilitated transvaginal insertion of instrumentation to remove pelvic masses, avoidance of an electrosurgical or laser incision, and complete visual control, which minimizes the possibility of traumatic injury to bowel and other pelvic structures.
The Crosses of Huaquechula, Mexico: A Living Tradition

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The study of sacred images, in general, and of crosses, in particular, of Mexico, has attracted the attention of scholars from various disciplines. Because the placement or the appearance of such images is context-dependent, one way to understand their contemporary celebration is to take a combined historical and anthropological approach. Drawing on historical sources, audio-recorded interviews, and online newspaper articles, this article illustrates how the crosses of Huaquechula share patterns of devotion to Mexican crosses past and present. It suggests that, based on the qualitative equivalence of their earlier and later purposes, the crosses are a living tradition that, across time, conveys a meaningful message of faith, protection, unity, and collective continuity.
Contractual dependencies:

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT One of the most conspicuous livelihood strategies for physically disabled people in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo, is a particular style of begging known locally as “doing documents.” Confronted with the stigma of begging, disabled beggars create documents in an attempt to legitimize and regulate begging through formalization and bureaucracy, presenting their relationship with donors as NGO fund‐raising and government tax‐collecting. The dynamics of petitioning for these “contractual dependencies” provide a nuanced perspective on desired dependencies: dependencies can be presented in multiple ways, and people consider some dependencies more legitimate and valuable than others. Recipients are not passive but play a defining role in shaping these relationships, seeking a balance between proximity and desired distance to patrons. [ dependence , disability , distribution , bureaucracy , begging , temporality , Democratic Republic of Congo ]
Foreign direct investment under uncertainty evidence from a large panel of countries

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract We examine the effect of uncertainty on foreign direct investment inflows for advanced, emerging market and developing countries over a 25‐year long (pre‐Covid) sample. Using a push‐pull framework, and controlling for both global and local factors, we find policy uncertainty has discernable and significant effects on inflows, varying in strength and direction between different groups of countries. Moreover, it is not host country uncertainty that seems to matter the most, but rather global uncertainty. Additionally, we find that high levels of uncertainty matter disproportionately. Finally, financial openness accentuates the impact of uncertainty for emerging market and developing countries.
The use of ophthalmic fundus imaging to predict cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose To synthesize evidence from studies using artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms trained on retinal images to predict cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted on MEDLINE and Embase databases up to February 2024 in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline using relevant search terms such as: "cardiovascular disease," "artificial intelligence," "deep learning," "retinal imaging," "colour fundus photography," etc. Inclusion criteria were the development of a deep learning (DL) model applied to any ophthalmic imaging modality for predicting CVD outcome or for establishing CVD risk scores. Results Of 9880 studies which were screened, 13 studies were included. All studies included general population databases, while 7 (54%) studies used databases that included patients with pre-existing CVD risk factors. All studies used retinal fundus images as input for the DL models, and most models (92%) analysed characteristics of the retinal vasculature (e.g., vessel calibre, venular dilatation, arteriolar narrowing, microaneurysms) for their prediction. Overall, 18 different CVD risk factors were predicted through DL models, with age (n=13; 100%), sex (n=11; 85%) and smoking status (n=9; 69%) being the most common. Five (38%) studies analysed binary CVD outcomes including incident myocardial infarction, stroke, and coronary atherosclerotic disease; Four (31%) studies compared CVD risk prediction to traditional CVD risk scores (e.g., WHO CVD risk chart, Framingham risk score, European Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation, etc.). These studies were able to accurately stratify cumulative CVD events into low, moderate, and high-risk groups via fundus imaging, demonstrating stratification comparable to established CVD risk scores and cardiac imaging modalities. In total, 8 (62%) studies performed an external validation: the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranged between 68.2% and 85.9%. Accuracy, specificity and sensitivity were measured in 4 (31%) studies. Respectively, they ranged between 58.3%-82.0%, 40.4-66.0% and 81.0-89.1%. Only one AI model (Reti-CVD) was made publicly available for clinical use. Conclusions In conclusion, recent studies using DL applied to fundus imaging to predict CVD risk mostly examine retinal vasculature to make predictions and can stratify CVD risk comparably to other clinical risk scores. Though many report promising performance, the majority have not been used in real clinical settings. Additional research is required to enable their clinical implementation in a primary care context, or in an ophthalmological setting.
Exact Reformulation of the Bosonic Many-Body Problem in Terms of Stochastic Wave Functions: an Elementary Derivation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Recently, a new method was developed to reformulate in an exact way the N-body problem of interacting bosons in terms of the stochastic evolution of single particle wavefunctions, see I. CarusottoY. Castin, and J. Dalibard, Phys. Rev. A 63, 023606 (2001). The original derivation is however often considered as rather involved. For the specific scheme called `simple Fock scheme' we present here a very elementary derivation of such an approach.
Optimal Placement of Phasor Measurement Unit based on Power System Loss Index

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This paper aims to present the simplest scheme for dynamic vulnerability assessment(DVA) based on Power System Loss(PSL) index. Even though a lot of methods are available for vulnerability assessment, DVA based on PSL index is a very simple to explore the region of vulnerability. The probabilistic nature of network dynamics is obtained by Monte Carlo Simulation to evaluate the system performance iteratively for probable input parameter variations such as load variation, generation variation and list of credible contingencies for finding the vulnerability index of the system. Newton Raphson load flow is performed for each contingency and the losses in power system at various parts of the networks are observed. The vulnerability index is calculated based on PSL. Based on the index, the vulnerable regions in the network are identified and clustered with the help of data clustering algorithm. Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) have to be placed in the most vulnerable regions to prevent the system from blackouts and to implement corrective actions. This proposed approach is tested on IEEE-5, IEEE-14, and Indian utility 62 Bus test systems. Results show that PSL index is effective in identifying the vulnerable regions for optimal PMU placement. The findings of the PMU location are compared with earlier works.
Induction of chromosome aberrants in rice (Orgza sativa L.) by using irradiated pollen

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Rice stocks carrying one or more recessive marker genes were fertilized with pollen of a stock carrying normal alleles at the corresponding loci, that had been preirradiated with gamma rays. Plants derived from such hybridization were investigated for their marker genes, morphological features and seed fertility. Fifty-two pseudo-dominant plants for 9 marker genes were detected from 13,063 plants of 10 cross combinations, and a number of other plants that did not show pseudo-dominant for any marker genes but had variations in morphological features and/or seed fertility, were also obtained. The chromosome number of those plants were counted in the root tip cells, and plants with 2n= 12, 2n=23, 2n=23+1Fr (fragment chromosome), 2n=23+2Fr, 2n=23+3Fr, 2n=25, and chromosome interchange heterozygous, were observed. This study suggests that the use of irradiated pollen is an effective method for inducing chromosome aberration, such as chromosome deficiency, monosomics and chromosome interchange in rice (Oryza sativa L.).
Surgical Indications for Cerebral AVM by Spetzler's Grading Sytem

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this AVM study is to investigate the relation between Spetzler's grade and operative result, and examine the application of appropriate surgical treatment, especially for high grade (over grade III) AVMs.Overall, operations were performed on 60 of 73 cases of AVM. Fifty-three patients (88%) had good prognosis, and 7 (12%) had poor. Patients with poor prognosis had not always been classified high grade, but commonly the AVM was located in the eloquent area.Therefore, we classified Spetzler's grade more minutely according to a combination of factors. Then we re-examined the relation between the eloquence of the adjacent brain and the prognosis.As a result, AVMs in the non-eloquent area were found to be closely related to their grade and prognosis, but this was not always found to be true in the eloquent area and, on the contrary, some low grade patients had poor prognosis.As Spetzler's paper shows, it is important, in cases of AVMs in the eloquent area, to estimate the circulation and metabolism of the adjacent brain. For instance, in excising a small AVM in the eloquent area, if the circulation and metabolism of the surrounding normal brain are preserved, it is important to do least possible operative injury to the surrounding brain. But large AVMs have more or less stolen from the surrounding normal brain, so the eloquence may vary from normal, therefore, operative injury has less influence on the operative result. So appropriate treatment of post operative circulation change has great influence on the operative result.Spetzler's grade, with preoperative assessment of circulation and metabolism of surrounding brain, may suggest the appropriate management of high grade AVMs, especially in the eloquent area.
O-338 THE SECOND ITALIAN CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY ON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH: RESULTS FROM A SAMPLE OF IMMIGRANT WORKERS

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Work is the main driver of international migration. In 2022 there were about 5 million foreign citizens living in Italy; working age were over 3 million and around 2 million were employed, mainly in agriculture, construction and personal services. Legislative Decree 81/08 calls for specific attention to “workers from other countries”, both in the risk assessment process and in training activities, due to their vulnerability. INAIL conducted the Insula surveys (2014, 2019) aimed at investigating Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) perceptions, emerging risks and levels of awareness of legislation on a large sample of workers, including also foreign workers. Methods The sample consisted of 206 foreign workers extracted from 2019 Insula dataset. Questionnaire was administered using Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) methodology and consisted of closed-ended questions organized in 8 sections. Results 60% are male and 36% come from EU countries, mainly Eastern Europe; 56% live in Northern Italy. Around 65% of the sample is aware of Italian OSH legislation and 45% attended training courses on OSH issues. 81% believe having legal obligations for OSH and 76% are able to fulfill them. Furthermore, on a 1-5 scale they feel mostly exposed to biomechanical and ergonomic risk (2.6), work-related stress (2.4) and physical risks (2.2). Discussion The inclusion of foreign workers in the survey allows us to gather useful information through the analysis of risk perception of this group of workers. Conclusion Deeper analysis will contribute to better identify needs in the OSH protection to implement preventive instruments, in consideration of peculiarities with reference to their vulnerability.