jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Temperature tolerance and the final preferendum—rapid methods for the assessment of optimum growth temperatures

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The relationship between the temperature requirements of some fish species, using published data for growth optima, final preferences and lethal limits were examined. A good correlation was found and it is suggested that the data established gives a good estimate of the temperature promoting maximum growth. Determinations of final preferenda are easily conducted in the laboratory and could therefore be used to give rapid assessments of optimum growth temperatures of potential culture species. The practical application of such measurements is discussed.
Trichomanes scandens Linnaeus 1753

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Trichomanes scandens Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 2: 1098. 1753. "Habitat in America." RCN: 7951. Lectotype (Proctor, Ferns Jamaica: 104. 1985): [icon] "Adiantum scandens ramosissimum laciniis retusis dissectum " in Plumier, Traité Foug. Amér.: 76, t. 93. 1705. Current name: Trichomanes scandens L. (Hymenophyllaceae). Note: See discussion by Britton (in Bull Torrey Bot. Club 29: 476. 1902), who observed that while "most authors have followed the English school in taking as the type the specimen in the Linnaean herbarium...the Germans have gone to the original plates cited by Linnaeus...and taken that as the type". However, no explicit choice appears to have been made before Proctor.
The interplay of textual references in Plutarch’s life of phocion

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The pair of Vitae Phocion/Cato contains a kind of anticipated synkrisis.This anticipation has implications on the speech strategy.Signs that Plutarch prefers Phocion are to be understood -he highlights the text with clues which organize the interpretation of the macrotext.This is to be seen in the way he resorts to comparing with models or to playing with the same hypotexts differently in the case of Phocion or of Cato, both of them close to the Socrates' model.It is already said that the ostentatiousness of the Socratic model in the reading of Phaedo by Cato permits the reader to glimpse a misunderstood appropriation of it.But in the Life of Phocion, on the contrary, the reader must fi nd out the hypotext and its paradigmatic dimension -either Herodot (Solon before Croesus' treasure/Phocion before Alexander's treasures) or Plato (Ap., Phd., Cri.) in the placid and soft attitude of Phocion in his last moments, where some coincidences of episodes before his death and that of Socrates are to be seen, or in Phocion's behaviour throughout his life.
Phenytoin cumulation profiles.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

his study was performed to determine the potential utility of the cumulation profile of phenytoin during multiple oral dosing and to examine, under ideal conditions, the variability in apparent steady state concentrations. Six male subjects were administered oral phenytoin sodium 5-6 mg/kg/d in divided doses every 12h for six days. Predose serum phenytoin concentrations were measured every 12 hours by gas liquid chromatography. The resulting data were analyzed in order to estimate maintenance doses. Subjects were then placed on the estimated daily dose and pre-dose concentrations measured daily for at least two weeks. At the end of the study, all data were fit using non-linear regression analysis to obtain the best estimates of individual kinetic parameters. Parameter values, particularly the Km value, were dependent upon the input function used, either first- or zero-order. In two subjects there was evidence of modest auto-induction. At steady-state the average coefficient of variation of predose concentrations was 10.6% (Range: 5.2-16.2%).
ChemInform Abstract: Electronic Structure of Iron and Molybdenum in Li2FeMoO4Cl and Its Crystal Symmetry.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Sinners Welcome: The Limits of Rhetorical Agency

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

“Sinners Welcome” explores the relationship between current community partnership models and the political rhetoric that often surrounds them. Taking up the frequent invocation of Cornel West’s “prophetic pragmatism” in such partnerships, this article investigates what it might mean to understand this term as a call to work for actual systemic justice for those most oppressed by the current political moment. To make this concrete, the article discusses a community partnership project that resulted in an activist organization being created by local residents in response to a large-scale redevelopment effort in the neighborhood. Once created, this organization became the site of a concerted countereffort to defund and discredit such partnership work. It is this tension between community partnerships and activism, between prophetic pragmatism’s theoretical goals and its actual practice, that represents a fundamental choice within English studies. Ultimately, the article poses the question of how far our field is willing to go in the name of a “transformative politics.”
100 years from now: comparing parental perspectives about supports for adults with autism in the USA and China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose Findings from a comparative qualitative study with parents in the USA and China increase the understanding of experiences of adults with autism in both countries. Design/methodology/approach Semi-Structured interviews were conducted with families in the USA and in China. In total, 18 families participated in the study – 7 in the USA, 11 in China. Findings Analysis of the comparative data led to the emergence of three overarching themes, expressing both similarities and differences in experiences: 1) transition to adult services plays out differently in the two nations, 2) parent advocacy and efforts in supporting and securing services for their children are strong in both countries but are also defined by the variability in access to services and 3) due to the scarcity of adult services in their country, Chinese parents express significantly more worries about their own aging and mortality as compared with USA parents. Research limitations/implications Practical implications and directions for future research are discussed. Originality/value By examining the experiences of families of adults with autism in the USA and China, the research reveals themes that would not be visible in a single-nation study.
Indices of happiness and unhappiness during treatment of pediatric feeding disorders

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract To date, there is no research on the measurement of indices of happiness and unhappiness for children receiving behavior‐analytic treatment for feeding disorders and the research on caregiver treatment acceptability during feeding treatment is limited. The purpose of the current study was to measure child indices of happiness and unhappiness during extinction‐based treatment with and without noncontingent reinforcement and to evaluate caregiver treatment acceptability through the course of treatment. Child indices of happiness were idiosyncratic, while indices of unhappiness increased at the onset of treatment and were higher during extinction without noncontingent reinforcement, but eventually decreased. Overall, caregiver treatment acceptability remained high despite temporary increases in emotional responding. The current study introduces measures of social validity to use during feeding treatment (i.e., indices of happiness and unhappiness) and provides evidence that dense schedules of noncontingent reinforcement could serve to mitigate indices of unhappiness during the initial implementation of extinction‐based treatment.
Sizing System for Indonesian Policewomen’s Body Armour

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Existing body armour sizes are focused on male users, as they are the majority of the population. The personal equipment of female and male soldiers should be separated because these groups have different sizes and matches. In other words, body armour design should correspond with user anthropometry. Good body armour must fit properly and be comfortable for the users. To solve this problem, this study develops a new sizing system. The study’s subjects were 150 with 20-to-30-year-old policewomen working in the Regional Police Department of Special Region of Yogyakarta. Data collection was performed with the simple random sampling method. Two statistical analysis methods, Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and clustering, were used to assist with the assessment of data. Analysis of the subjects indicated 15 size groups for body armour in three larger groups: S (VS, S, N, L and VL), M (VS, S, N, L and VL), and T (VS, S, N, L and VL). All size groups were validated using Euclidean distance, with an accuracy result of 66.67%.
Outcome and molecular analysis of young children with choroid plexus carcinoma treated with non-myeloablative therapy: results from the SJYC07 trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) is a rare and aggressive tumor of infancy without a clear treatment strategy. This study describes the outcomes of children with CPC treated on the multi-institutional phase 2 SJYC07 trial and reports on the significance of clinical and molecular characteristics. Methods Eligible children &lt;3 years-old with CPC were postoperatively stratified to intermediate-risk (IR) stratum if disease was localized or high-risk (HR) stratum, if metastatic. All received high-dose methotrexate–containing induction chemotherapy. IR-stratum patients received focal irradiation as consolidation whereas HR-stratum patients received additional chemotherapy. Consolidation was followed by oral antiangiogenic maintenance regimen. Survival rates and potential prognostic factors were analyzed. Results Thirteen patients (median age: 1.41 years, range: 0.21–2.93) were enrolled; 5 IR, 8 HR. Gross-total resection or near-total resection was achieved in ten patients and subtotal resection in 3. Seven patients had TP53-mutant tumors, including 4 who were germline carriers. Five patients experienced progression and died of disease; 8 (including 5 HR) are alive without progression. The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival rates were 61.5 ± 13.5% and 68.4 ± 13.1%. Patients with TP53-wild-type tumors had a 5-year PFS of 100% as compared to 28.6 ± 17.1% for TP53-mutant tumors (P = .012). Extent of resection, metastatic status, and use of radiation therapy were not significantly associated with survival. Conclusions Non-myeloablative high-dose methotrexate–containing therapy with maximal surgical resection resulted in long-term PFS in more than half of patients with CPC. TP53-mutational status was the only significant prognostic variable and should form the basis of risk-stratification in future trials.
Tourism Promotional Materials: Examining the Intersections of Accessibility and Inclusion

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter focuses on tourism promotional materials in the context of accessibility and inclusion. In doing so, two aspects of the "dreaming" stage of the customer journey are addressed: firstly, how to ensure that disabled people can access the promotional materials; and secondly, how to encourage the inclusion of people with disabilities in the materials. This is done by considering destination guidelines, as well as other guidelines and standards that are available. Studies published in academic literature on the accessibility and inclusion of tourism promotional materials are also reviewed. The findings suggest that people with disabilities are likely to experience significant difficulties accessing the information in tourism promotional materials. In addition, they are significantly under-represented in them. Recommendations are therefore presented on how to improve accessibility (by following recommendations for accessible message formats and media) and encourage inclusion (by representing the diversity of disabilities, by avoiding the use of stereotypes, and by ensuring that disabled people have a more integrated and integral role in tourism promotional materials, and by using inclusive language). More research is needed to understand language preferences from the perspective of people with disabilities. More attention also needs to be paid to understanding why destination management organisations and their partners are not more actively encouraging inclusion, and how it affects the behavioural intentions of disabled people but also of society in general.
Development of Sal Butter Production Area and Sustainable Use of Shorea robusta Forest in Terai and the Outer Himalayan Zone, Nepal.

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

ネパールのヒマラヤ前縁帯およびテライ平原において, 天然林 (サラノキ: Shorea robusta) の果実が, カカオ代替油脂 (サルバター) 採取を目的として企業的に利用されている。その利用システムには天然林生産物と地域住民を基層構造とし, 首都カトマンズの企業そして国際市場につながる階層性が存在する。材以外で, サルバターのような国際市場に結びついた天然林生産物利用地域の出現は, S. robusta 林がヒマラヤ前縁帯・ガンジス平原北縁に広大に分布する低価格天然林資源であること, 果実の結実期が乾季でその間農業活動が比較的低調であること, 労働集約型の採取活動が要求されるにも関わらずこの地域の最底辺層に位置する安い労働力が利用できることによって説明される。しかし, サルバター生産地域は, 自然および社会環境の変化に左右される不安定な存在である。さらに S. robusta 林は過度の人為ストレスのため持続可能利用されているとは言いがたい部分も生じている。
Molecular Docking Guided Grid-Independent Descriptor Analysis to Probe the Impact of Water Molecules on Conformational Changes of hERG Inhibitors in Drug Trapping Phenomenon

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Human ether a-go-go related gene (hERG) or KV11.1 potassium channels mediate the rapid delayed rectifier current (IKr) in cardiac myocytes. Drug-induced inhibition of hERG channels has been implicated in the development of acquired long QT syndrome type (aLQTS) and fatal arrhythmias. Several marketed drugs have been withdrawn for this reason. Therefore, there is considerable interest in developing better tests for predicting drugs which can block the hERG channel. The drug-binding pocket in hERG channels, which lies below the selectivity filter, normally contains K+ ions and water molecules. In this study, we test the hypothesis that these water molecules impact drug binding to hERG. We developed 3D QSAR models based on alignment independent descriptors (GRIND) using docked ligands in open and closed conformations of hERG in the presence (solvated) and absence (non-solvated) of water molecules. The ligand–protein interaction fingerprints (PLIF) scheme was used to summarize and compare the interactions. All models delineated similar 3D hERG binding features, however, small deviations of about ~0.4 Å were observed between important hotspots of molecular interaction fields (MIFs) between solvated and non-solvated hERG models. These small changes in conformations do not affect the performance and predictive power of the model to any significant extent. The model that exhibits the best statistical values was attained with a cryo_EM structure of the hERG channel in open state without water. This model also showed the best R2 of 0.58 and 0.51 for the internal and external validation test sets respectively. Our results suggest that the inclusion of water molecules during the docking process has little effect on conformations and this conformational change does not impact the predictive ability of the 3D QSAR models.
U.S. Oil Reserves and Peak Oil

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

We use calculus methods to estimate the quantity of U.S. oil reserves. We consider a model that consists of an exponential function with four unknown constants. We fit real oil production data to determine the unknown constants. With the constants determined we use the function to find the year in which the U.S. oil production reached its peak. We also estimate the amount of petroleum produced until the end of 2006, and the undiscovered oil reserves to be produced in the future.
Peer Review #2 of "Hidden diversity: comparative functional morphology of humans and other species (v0.1)"

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Gastrointestinal (GI) morphology plays an important role in nutrition, health, and epidemiology; yet limited data on gastrointestinal variation have been collected since 1885.Here we demonstrate that students can collect reliable data sets on gut morphology; when they do, they reveal greater morphological variation for some structures in the GI than has been documented in the published literature.We discuss trait variability both within and among species, and the implications of that variability for evolution and epidemiology.Our results show that morphological variation in the GI tract is associated with each organ's role in food processing.For example, the length of many structures was found to vary significantly with feeding strategy.Within species, the variability illustrated by the coefficients of variation suggests that selective constraints may vary with function.Within humans, we detected significant Pearson correlations between the volume of the liver and the length of the appendix (t-value = 2.5278, df = 28, p = 0.0174, corr = 0.4311) and colon (t-value = 2.0991, df = 19, p = 0.0494, corr = 0.4339), as well as between the lengths of the small intestine and colon (t-value = 2.1699, df = 17, p = 0.0445, corr = 0.4657), which are arguably the most vital organs in the gut for nutrient absorption.Notably, intraspecific variation in the small intestine can be associated with life history traits.In humans, females demonstrated consistently and significantly longer small intestines than males (t-value 15 = 2.245, p = 0.0403).This finding supports the female canalization hypothesis, specifically, increased female investment in the digestion and absorption of lipids.
In vitro Antibacterial Efficacy of &lt;i&gt;Bidens pilosa&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Ageratum conyzoides&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Ocimum suave&lt;/i&gt; Extracts against HIV/AIDS Patients’ Oral Bacteria in South-Western Uganda

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The objective of the study was to determine the antibacterial efficacy of Bidens pilosa Aqueous (BPA), Bidens pilosa Ethanolic (BPE), Ageratum conyzoides Aqueous (ACA), Ageratum conyzoides Ethanolic (ACE), Ocimum suave Aqueous (OSA) and Ocimum suave Ethanolic (OSE) extracts on HIV/AIDS patients’ oral bacteria. Healthy green leaves of the plants were collected in Ishaka Uganda, processed and portions separately extracted with hot distilled water and cold ethanol. The susceptibility, MIC and MBC of each extract were determined using standard protocols. The bacteria had significant (p Bidens pilosa, Ageratum conyzoides and Ocimum suave on oral lesions of HIV/AIDS patients made by traditional healers and local people in South-Western Uganda. We recommend a detailed study of structural identities and activities of the active antibacterial principle(s) in these plants for possible new drug entities and verification of the interactive effects of the principle(s) with ARVs and cotrimoxazole used daily by HIV/AIDS patients.
Close the tap! COVID-19 and the need for Convivial Conservation

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

When 2020 was declared a 'super year' for biodiversity conservation, no one suspected that a particular form of this biodiversity would proliferate to such an extent as to bring all of the anticipated activity to a screeching halt. With species and ecosystems in dangerous decline the world over (IPBES 2019), there is growing recognition that previous conservation strategies have been largely inadequate to tackle the challenges they face, and hence that something radically different is needed (Kareiva 'et al.' 2012; Wuerthner 'et al.' 2015).
Development of a Phase-Field Model for Simulating Dendritic Growth in a Convection-Dominated Flow Field

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The effect of flow convection is taken into account in the currently developed phase-field model (PFM) for simulating dendritic growth. In previous PFM studies, flow over a stationary object is wrongly predicted since the predicted velocity magnitude near the fluid–solid interface is not negligibly small. To tackle this problem, the Navier-Stokes equations are solved only in the liquid, while zero flow velocity is prescribed in the stationary object. Simulated results are compared with those computed from two previously proposed models to justify the newly proposed phase-field model.
Thermal diffusivity and porosity of solid materials by the electromagnetic ultrasonic technique. Part 3—simultaneous measurement of ultrasonic velocity and thermal diffusivity

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The objective of this study is to evaluate simultaneously the time dependence of the thermal diffusivity of carbon-carbon composites (C/C composites) and their porosity during heat treatment using the electromagnetic ultrasonic technique. This paper describes two kinds of experiments conducted to confirm the principle for simultaneous measurement of both the ultrasonic velocity (used to evaluate the porosity) and the thermal diffusivity at room temperature. For each material, the samples used in both experiments were identical. The ultrasonic velocity of type 304 stainless steel and its thermal diffusivity were 5.85 km/s and 3.8 mm2/s with precisions of ±1.6 and ±8 percent, respectively. The ultrasonic velocity of a two-dimensional woven C/C composite and its thermal diffusivity were 2.86 km/s and 4.8 mm2/s with precisions of ±5.0 and ±8 percent, respectively. The results appear to indicate that the electromagnetic ultrasonic technique can measure the ultrasonic velocity and the thermal diffusivity simultaneously and that it is also applicable to C/C composites. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Heat Trans Jpn Res, 25(5): 308–322, 1996
An Integrated Pythagorean Neutrosophic DEMATEL- Grey Relational Analysis Framework for Assessing Recent Technological Advancements in Maternal Healthcare

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study proposes a novel methodology that integrates the Decision making trial and evolution laboratory (DEMATEL) technique and Grey relational analysis (GRA) in a Pythagorean neutrosophic environment. This multi-criteria decision-making approach uses the DEMATEL technique to analyze the weights of the criteria and Grey relational analysis to prioritize the alternatives. The proposed approach is utilized to evaluate the most recent technological advancements in maternity healthcare, along with a pertinent numerical example.