jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Revisiting Data Recovery Loops in 6G Networks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

&lt;p&gt;Mechanisms for data recovery and packet reliability&nbsp;are essential components of the upcoming 6th generation (6G)&nbsp;communication system. In this paper, we focus on the interaction&nbsp;between a fast hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) scheme,&nbsp;present in the physical and medium access control layers, and&nbsp;a higher layer automatic repeat request (ARQ) scheme which&nbsp;may be present in the radio link control layer. By means of&nbsp;extensive system-level simulations, we show that in spite of its&nbsp;higher complexity, a fast HARQ scheme yields &gt; 66% downlink&nbsp;average user throughput gains over simpler solutions without&nbsp;energy combining gains and orders of magnitude larger gains for&nbsp;users in challenging radio conditions. We present results for the&nbsp;design trade-off between HARQ and a higher layer data recovery&nbsp;mechanisms in the presence of realistic control and data channel&nbsp;errors, network delays, and transport protocols. We derive that, with a suitable design of 6G control and data channels reaching&nbsp;residual errors at the medium access control layer of 5&times;10&minus;5 or&nbsp;better, a higher layer data recovery mechanism can be disabled.&nbsp;We then derive design targets for 6G control channel design, as&nbsp;well as promising enhancements to 6G higher layer data recovery&nbsp;to extend support for latency intolerant services.&lt;/p&gt;
Insecticidal Response of Currant Borer and Two-Spotted Spider Mite on Currants in Central Washington1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Twelve insecticides in combination with Volck Supreme oil® were tested as ovicides for control of the currant borer, Ramosia tipuliormis w(Clerck), on Red Lake and Wilder varieties of currants in 1963. The 3 most effective—parathion, Bay 25141 (O,O-diethyl O-[P-(methylsulfinyl)-phenyl] phosphorothioate), and trichlorfon—were further evaluated without oil in replicated plots in 1964. Parathion was most effective and gave 44.1-78.8% control. Three applications of mevinphos for control of adult currant borers in 1962 were ineffective. During a 3-year period Wilde sustained about twice as much currant borer population as the variety Red Lake. No parasites of the currant borer were recovered. Two-spotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae (Koch), resistant to dicofol were reduced in number with carbophenothion. Aramite® (2-(peter-bulylphenoxy)isotropyl-2-chloroephyl sulfite) at 2.24 kg actual per hectare (2.0 lb actual per acre) was the most effective of 4 acaricides tested in 1964. Phytoseiid mites, predators of the two-spotted spider mite, were present at a uniformly low density. Most predaceous mites survived the use of carbophenothion on Red Lake currants in 1961.
ES&T Watershed Protection A Cape Cod Perspective on National Efforts

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTES&T Watershed Protection A Cape Cod Perspective on National EffortsEduard EichnerCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1993, 27, 9, 1736–1740Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Published online8 August 2003Published inissue 1 September 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00046a602https://doi.org/10.1021/es00046a602research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views44Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Proton disorder and the dielectric constant of type II clathrate hydrates

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Computational studies are presented examining the degree of proton disorder in argon and molecular hydrogen sII clathrate hydrates. Results are presented using a variety of model potentials for the dielectric constant, the proton order parameter, and the molecular volume for the clathrate systems. The dielectric constant for the clathrate systems is found to be lower than the dielectric constant of ice in all models. The ratio of the clathrate to ice dielectric constant correlates well with the ratio of the densities, which is not the case for comparisons to the liquid, so that differences in the dielectric constants between ice and the clathrates are most likely due to differences in densities. Although the computed dielectric constant is a strong function of the model potential used, the ratio of the dielectric constant of ice to that of the clathrates is insensitive to the model potential. For the nonpolar guest molecules used in the current study, the degree proton of disorder is found to depend weakly on the identity of the guest but the dielectric constant does not appear to be sensitive to pressure or the type of guest.
The Effect of Behavioral Probability Weighting in a Simultaneous\n Multi-Target Attacker-Defender Game

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

We consider a security game in a setting consisting of two players (an\nattacker and a defender), each with a given budget to allocate towards attack\nand defense, respectively, of a set of nodes. Each node has a certain value to\nthe attacker and the defender, along with a probability of being successfully\ncompromised, which is a function of the investments in that node by both\nplayers. For such games, we characterize the optimal investment strategies by\nthe players at the (unique) Nash Equilibrium. We then investigate the impacts\nof behavioral probability weighting on the investment strategies; such\nprobability weighting, where humans overweight low probabilities and\nunderweight high probabilities, has been identified by behavioral economists to\nbe a common feature of human decision-making. We show via numerical experiments\nthat behavioral decision-making by the defender causes the Nash Equilibrium\ninvestments in each node to change (where the defender overinvests in the\nhigh-value nodes and underinvests in the low-value nodes).\n
The Sustainability of Investing in Cryptocurrencies: A Bibliometric Analysis of Research Trends

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper explores the state of the art in the cryptocurrency literature, with a special emphasis on the links between financial dimensions and ESG features. The study uses bibliometric analysis to illustrate the history of cryptocurrency publication activity, focusing on the most popular subjects and research trends. Between 2014 and 2021, 1442 papers on cryptocurrencies were published in the Web of Science core collection, the most authoritative database, although only a tiny percentage evaluated ESG factors. One of the most common criticisms of cryptocurrencies is the pollution derived from energy consumption in their mining process and their use for illicit purposes due to the absence of effective regulation. The study allows us to suggest future research directions that may be beneficial in illustrating the environmental effect, studying financial behavior, identifying the long-term sustainability of cryptocurrencies, and evaluating their financial success. This study provides an in-depth examination of current research trends in the field of cryptocurrencies, identifying prospective future research directions.
The Apocalypse of Ecstasy: The Poetry of Shah Ismāᶜīl Revisited

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article explores the poetry of Shah Ismāᶜīl Safavī (d. 1524), the founder of the Safavid dynasty of Iran. Established as an important historical source by Vladimir Minorsky during World War II, the issues surrounding the poetic corpus of Shah Ismāᶜīl have continued to attract the attention of historians of the Safavids. With examples from the earliest and most authentic manuscript, the idea of viewing this body of works as literary sources versus political propaganda is discussed in this article.
The child with febrile seizures.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Febrile seizures are common in children. They are associated with disease outside of the central nervous system and are usually generalized, brief and self-limited. History and physical examination are usually sufficient to rule out central nervous system disease, and an extensive laboratory work-up is seldom indicated. Prophylaxis with antiseizure medications is only indicated in certain circumstances. The major risk in one febrile seizure is the increased likelihood of another.
Finite element analysis of flextensional transducer with slotted shell

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The study of low frequency, small size transducer was an important aspect for the development of the underwater acoustic transducer. The Class IV flextensional transducer was a typical low frequency, high-power and small size transducer. For decreasing its resonant frequency in the case of small size, a flextensional transducer with slotted shell was analyzed using finite element software ANSYS. A comparison between the flextensioanl transducer with slotted shell and the Class IV flextensional transducer was made. The maximum size of the shell is 200mm. The transmitting voltage response of the transducer reaches to 131dB with resonant frequency 600Hz in water. The transducer could radiate at low frequency with small size of the shell.
Comparative study of ultrasound, 131I-19-iodocholesterol scintigraphy, and aortography in localising adrenal lesions.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Twenty-seven consecutive patients with endocrinological disease necessitating adrenal surgery underwent blind preoperative investigation with ultrasound, renal aortography, and adrenocortical scintigraphy for an adrenal lesion. Nine patients had pituitary-dependent Cushing's syndrome, five had pituitary-independent Cushing's syndrome, four had an adrenocortical androgenic excess, and nine had a preoperative diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma. The predictive value of preoperative ultrasound was 100% for a positive finding and 79% for a negative result. Preoperative aortography had a predictive value of 83% for a positive finding and 64% for a negative result; and the predictive value of adrenocortical scintigraphy was 100% for a positive finding and 85% for a negative finding. In localising biochemically suspected adrenal lesions ultrasound should be the first choice, since it is rapid, noninvasive, cheap, and reasonably accurate. Adrenocortical scintigraphy has a similar diagnostic value, especially in Cushing's syndrome, but it is time consuming. Nevertheless, it may be preferable for diagnosing small glucocorticoid-secreting adenomas. Aortography should be reserved for cases with inconclusive diagnoses and suspected extra-adrenal phaeochromocytomas.
Synthesis and Properties of Novel Cationic Triazolium Gemini Surfactants

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

New type of triazolium Gemini surfactants were synthesized by reaction of epichlorohydrine with long-chain fatty alcohols namely cetyl alcohol and oleyl alcohol furnishing product 2-(alkoxymethyl)oxirane followed by the their subsequent treatment with triazole resulting in the formation of 1-(1,2,4-triazole)-3-alokoxypropane-2-ol which on reaction with 1,6-dibromohexane resulted in the formation of triazolium-based cationic Gemini surfactant. Their formation was confirmed by IR spectroscopy. Surface tension values were used to determine the critical micelle concentration (CMC), minimum area per molecule (Amin) at air−water interface, Gibbs free energy of adsorption (ΔGads), the maximum surface excess concentration (Γmax), and other parameters. The inhibition behavior of dimeric surfactant on the corrosion of carbon steel (CS) in 1 N H2SO4 aqueous medium was studied at 30°C. Performance tests like dispersion capability, foaming power and stability, emulsifying power, and wetting ability were determined. The obtained results show that dispersion capability, foaming power, foaming stability, and emulsifying ability are very good. The wetting power of synthesized surfactants is quite better.
Revolutionary Politics in France, 1788-91: the Case of Languedoc

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Scholars generally assume that the nobility and bourgeoisie came into conflict in 1789. Yet in many regions, the nobility and bourgeoisie jointly rallied to the banner of Revolution. Nobles gained prestige for having led opposition to arbitrary government in 1788 and 1789. They also seemed to have the wherewithal to contend with popular unrest, which threatened all those who enjoyed a certain ease. Nobles thus won free elections throughout the nine departments of Old Regime Languedoc. They could have led by consent. Yet many nobles provoked enmity by their unwillingness to lead in this consensual manner, dependent on the approval of other property owners. The nobles’ intransigence was a legacy of political and economic relations of the absolutist state that had maintained these nobles’ pre-eminence against possible challenges. The economy and society of the Old Regime thus had a bearing on revolutionary politics.
Studies on cucumber mosaic virus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The symptoms of cucumber mosaic, which was noted in Tokyo in 1950, consisted mainly of mosaic and chlorotic spots on the leaves. Characteristic symptoms of yellow mottle or green warts on the fruits, as described by Doolittle and other investigators in U.S.A., were not observed. Greenhouse experiments showed that the virus was readily transferred by mechanical inoculation using earborundum, or by aphids, viz. Myzus persicae and Aphis gossypii or through dodder, Cuscuta japonica, but not transmitted by cucumber beetle, Aulacophora femoralis. Tests for seed transmission yielded negative results. The virus was capable of infecting hosts including 26 species of 11 families in 34 species of 13 families tested. On cucumber, muskmelon, zinnia, tobacco, tomato, spinach, corn, Commelina nudiflora, etc., systemic infection was obtained inducing the symptoms of mosaic, veinclearing, veinbanding and less frequently malformation of the leaves. Loca lnecrotic spots were developed on the inoculated leaves of watermelon, Cucumis Melo var. Conomon, cowpea (black seeded), broadbean, pea, sesame, Tetragonia expansa, Chenopodium album, etc. The virus was infectious after heating at 60° for 10 minutes. Tolerance to dilution varied according to tests from 1:1000 to 1:5000. Inactivation by aging in vitro was 2 to 4 days at room temperature. As a result of comparison of the symptoms, host range and physical properties, the virus under consideration is regarded to be identical with Cucumis virus 1 (Marmor cucumeris Holmes). The apparent mild symptoms of cucumber may be attributed to the tolerance of the Japanese varieties to the virus.
The effect of tone envelope on sensory integration: support for the 'unity assumption'

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Research on the integration of auditory and visual sensory information consistently confirms the optimal integration hypothesis, according to which information is weighted according to its relative quality. Thus, since the auditory system has greater temporal resolution, this hypothesis predicts that visual information will not affect auditory judgments of duration. In conflict with this hypothesis, Schutz & Lipscomb (2007) report that percussionists use visual information to alter audience perception of note duration. To show that this discrepancy arises from the acoustic characteristics of percussive sounds, we paired visual information derived from a striking motion with pure tones exhibiting two types of envelopes: percussive (sharp onset followed by exponential decay) and flat (sharp onset to a fixed level, followed by sharp offset) envelopes. Visual information affected auditory duration judgments only for the tones with percussive envelopes (e.g. the sounds produced by a striking motion). As ratings of percussive tones were no more variable than ratings of flat tones, the difference cannot be explained by "ambiguity" of percussive-tone duration. In contrast to the notion of optimal integration, we conclude that envelope is an important acoustic cue for cross-modal integration and offers important information regarding event identification.
Cytosine Arabinoside Stability in Intravenous Admixtures with Sodium Bicarbonate and in Plastic Syringes

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The increased use of high-dose cytarabine in the treatment of neoplasms prompted this study on the reconstituted stability of cytarabine in intravenous admixtures with sodium bicarbonate and in plastic syringes. The study of the effect of sodium bicarbonate was prompted by the frequent use of this agent in patients being treated with cytarabine as a means of achieving systemic alkalinization in order to manage hyperuricemia. The stability of reconstituted cytarabine in plastic syringes was measured to determine whether cytosine arabinoside could be reconstituted and stored prior to use. The results of this study indicate that sodium bicarbonate 50 mEq/L in the intravenous solution containing cytarabine has no effect on the chemical stability of cytarabine for at least one week at room temperature or in the refrigerator. Consequently sodium bicarbonate and cytarabine can be coadministered in one intravenous solution. The reconstituted stability of cytarabine at 20 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml is not affected by storage in plastic syringes.
Environmental control systems – an audit of existing provision in three inner London districts

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: To undertake an audit of existing environmental control system (ECS) provision to see what lessons could be applied to developing a new model of service. Design: Structured interviews and assessments making use of questionnaires and algorithms. Subjects: Users of environmental control systems in the inner London boroughs of Lambeth, Southwark and Lewisham (population 720 000) supplied with equipment prior to April 1996 out of National Health Service funds. Setting: All users were assessed and interviewed in their own homes. Results: In all, 29 users of ECSs were surveyed. Six users were found to have systems either so outdated or poorly planned as to be nearly useless. Seven users were felt not to justify an ECS and many systems were felt to be over specified, leading to wastage of equipment. Many medical and nonmedical needs, not directly related to the users' ECSs, were identified. Conclusions: While the recommendations of the British Society of Rehabilitation Medicine special interest group on ECS are welcomed, it is thought that these do not go far enough. In particular the role of the environmental control assessor needs to extend to participation in the case conference where the exact equipment requirements of the prescribed ECS is agreed, and thereafter to include responsibility for ensuring regular review of users. In such a model of service the current single payment for a one-off assessment is felt to be inappropriate.
Efficacy of Skin Interface Temperature Using Local Ricebag For Treatment of Soft Tissue Injury

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective : To determine skin interface temperature during application of cold local rice bag in acute ankle and knee injury and chronic back pain patients.Design: Repeated measures.Participants: Sixty female and male patients with acute knee and ankle injury and chronic back pain. Intervention: The cold local rice bag was applied to the injured area for 20 minutes duration. Main outcome measure: Skin interface temperature was monitored every minute during the 20-minute ice application. Result the cold local rice bag was used for acute injury: From the baseline (30.82 o C ± 0.81) the temperature dropped drastically to a mean temperature of 26.67 o C (± 2.12) after 1 minute of treatment. Subsequently, the temperature continued to drop for a period of 16 minutes (22.9 o C ± 0.73). However, the temperature then remained at a plateau for the next 2 minutes (23.0 o C ± 0.75) before slightly increasing during the remaining 2 minutes until the 20-minutes treatment was ended. At the end of the local rice bag treatment, the mean temperature recorded was 23.2 o C (± 0.83). For chronic back pain a heated local rice bag was used, where the mean temperature at baseline was 31.60 o C (± 0.67). However the temperature increased rapidly after 1 minute of treatment with a mean temperature of 34.06 o C (± 0.82). Meanwhile, the temperature was increased progressively until 15 minutes (40.05 o C ± 0.74). The temperature slightly dropped after 20 minutes of treatment, and at the end of the local rice bag treatment, the mean temperature recorded was 39.28 o C (± 0.95). Conclusion The result of this study showed significant reductions in the skin interface temperatures from the baseline until completion of the 20 minute treatment. The local rice bag had characteristics similar to that of others including cryotherapy and thermotherapy modalities. Clinically, the results indicated that the local rice bag can be applied for treatment of soft tissue injury as a viable alternative to cryotherapy and thermotherapy modalities.
Qualities of memories for performed and imagined actions

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract When people imagine performing simple actions they can sometimes become confused about whether they actually performed the actions or only imagined doing so. In the present study participants performed, imagined, and heard groups of actions. During a second session participants imagined some of the earlier actions as well as some entirely new actions. On a later memory test participants sometimes falsely indicated that they had performed actions that they had only imagined and this tendency was a positive function of number of imaginings. We also found that true and false memories differed in terms of degree of perceptual detail, associated thoughts, emotions, contextual information, and kinesthetic detail. Differences between true and false memories were smaller when the action was imagined five times but were not entirely eliminated. These findings suggest that false memories produced in this paradigm can be both compelling and yet subtly different from true memories. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘Doing care, doing gender’: towards a rethinking of gender and elderly care in the Arab Muslim families in Denmark

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article draws on two in-depth stories of an Arab-Danish Muslim woman and an Arab-Danish Muslim man to explore how they ‘do gender’ when ‘doing care’ for their elderly parents in their everyday lives. Analysis of ethnographic material reveals that for the Arab-Danish Muslim woman, ‘doing care’ is regarded as a right which provides her with the opportunity to become irreplaceable and enables her to realize herself. In her self-realization, it is argued, lies a reproduction of gendered understanding of caregiving that seems to prevent the Muslim man from performing the desired role as caregiver, leaving him to struggle with the entrenched gender norms and structured ideals of masculinity.