jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Reactivation of serum creatine kinase isoenzyme BB in patients with malignancies.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Reactivation of serum creatine kinase isoenzyme BB (CK-BB) with 2-mercaptoethanol and EDTA increased the electrophoretic detection rate of CK-BB from 34% to 78% in 58 hospitalized patients with various malignancies. Patients with solid tumors showed the largest and patients with hematologic malignancies the smallest percentage increase in CK-BB after reactivation. For serum from 50 hospitalized patients without cancer, reactivation resulted in detectable CK-BB in two patients; the CK-BB band was never seen in 15 healthy adults. For reasons unknown, five of eight patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type showed CK-BB in serum after reactivation, as did two of five patients suspected of having this disorder. Serum CK-BB may be a useful tumor marker if reactivation with a thiol and EDTA is used immediately after collection.
Friedel-Crafts Polymers. 5. Friedel-Crafts Polycondensation of p-Xylylene Dichloride with Salicylaldehyde and o-Hydroxyacetophenone

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Polymers were prepared by condensing p-xylylene dichloride (PXDC) separately with salicylaldehyde (SAL) and o-hydroxy-acetophenone (OHAC) in the presence of anhydrous ferric chloride in dioxane. The polymer samples were characterized by elemental analysis, measurement of their M by vapor pressure osmometry, by nonaqueous conductometric titration in pyridine, by IR spectral study, by TGA in air, and by viscometric study in DMF. The ion-exchange capacities of these polymeric ligands for selected metal ions were measured by the batch equilibration method and compared. Polymeric metal chelates of PXDC-SAL and PXDC-OHAC polymer samples with Cu2 +, Ni2+, Co2+, Fe3 and Zn2 + were prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, by IR spectral study, and by thermal analyses.
Identifying Molecules as Biosignatures with Assembly Theory and Mass Spectrometry

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

<p><b>The search for evidence of life elsewhere in the universe is hard because it is not obvious what signatures are unique to life. Here we postulate that complex molecules found in high abundance are universal biosignatures as they cannot form by chance. To explore this, we developed the first intrinsic measure of molecular complexity that can be experimentally determined, and this is based upon a new approach called assembly theory which gives the molecular assembly number (MA) of a given molecule. MA allows us to compare the intrinsic complexity of molecules using the minimum number of steps required to construct the molecular graph starting from basic objects, and a probabilistic model shows how the probability of any given molecule forming randomly drops dramatically as its MA increases. To map chemical space, we calculated the MA of <i>ca.</i> 2.5 million compounds, and collected data which showed the complexity of a molecule can be experimentally determined by using three independent techniques including infra-red spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and by fragmentation in a mass spectrometer, and this data has an excellent corelation with the values predicted from our assembly theory. We then set out to see if this approach could allow us to identify molecular biosignatures with a set of diverse samples from around the world, outer space, and the laboratory including prebiotic soups. <a>The results show that </a><a>there is a non-living to living threshold in MA complexity and the higher the MA for a given molecule, the more likely that it had to be produced by a biological process</a>. This work demonstrates it is possible to use this approach to build a life detection instrument that could be deployed on missions to extra-terrestrial locations to detect biosignatures, map the extent of life on Earth, and be used as a molecular complexity scale to quantify the constraints needed to direct prebiotically plausible processes in the laboratory. Such an approach is vital if we are going to find new life elsewhere in the universe or create <i>de-novo</i> life in the lab. </b></p>
Cross-Sectional Study of Hypertension in Young: A Tertiary Care Center Experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction: Nowadays, hypertension is seen in the young in whom it has a potential to cause target organ damage. The importance is to diagnose the secondary causes of hypertension in young and treat them to reduce morbidity and mortality. This study was planned for looking into the clinical profile of hypertension in young patients with the objective to evaluate the etiological profile in them. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study carried out at tertiary care center from July 2021 to June 2022. All patients with hypertension below 35 years of age were systemically reviewed using a predesigned preapproved standardized pro forma. The patients were evaluated for all causes of secondary hypertension; else it was labeled as primary hypertension. Results: About 33.3% of patients were diagnosed to have primary hypertension and 66.6% of patients were diagnosed to have secondary hypertension. The 2:1 male-to-female ratio was seen in this study with mean age of 30.6 ± 3.8 years. The mean body mass index was 24.2 ± 2.3 kg/m 2 . About 13.3% of patients had a family history of hypertension, 40% were smokers, 33.3% had cardiac involvement, 26.7% had renal involvement, and 23.3% had eye involvement. Twenty percent of patients had raised low-density lipoprotein, whereas 16.7% of patients each had reduced high-density lipoprotein and hypertriglyceridemia. Ten percent of patients had associated type 2 diabetes mellitus and 3.3% had impaired fasting glucose. Conclusion: This study found that the majority of young patients had the secondary cause of hypertension which may be amenable to cure in certain cases. Hence, it is important to do extensive screening. This is further highlighted in young male hypertensive cases.
Axiomatic Ranking of Network Role Similarity

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A key task in social network and other complex network analysis is role analysis: describing and categorizing nodes according to how they interact with other nodes. Two nodes have the same role if they interact with equivalent sets of neighbors. The most fundamental role equivalence is automorphic equivalence. Unfortunately, the fastest algorithms known for graph automorphism are nonpolynomial. Moreover, since exact equivalence may be rare, a more meaningful task is to measure the role similarity between any two nodes. This task is closely related to the structural or link-based similarity problem that SimRank attempts to solve. However, SimRank and most of its offshoots are not sufficient because they do not fully recognize automorphically or structurally equivalent nodes. In this paper we tackle two problems. First, what are the necessary properties for a role similarity measure or metric? Second, how can we derive a role similarity measure satisfying these properties? For the first problem, we justify several axiomatic properties necessary for a role similarity measure or metric: range, maximal similarity, automorphic equivalence, transitive similarity, and the triangle inequality. For the second problem, we present RoleSim, a new similarity metric with a simple iterative computational method. We rigorously prove that RoleSim satisfies all the axiomatic properties. We also introduce an iceberg RoleSim algorithm which can guarantee to discover all pairs with RoleSim score no less than a user-defined threshold $θ$ without computing the RoleSim for every pair. We demonstrate the superior interpretative power of RoleSim on both both synthetic and real datasets.
Age-dependent response of the acid-base parameters (Henderson-Hasselbalch, Stewart) in healthy calves with experimentally induced metabolic acidosis.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The Stewart model appears to be more successful in providing a comprehensive evaluation of acid-base status compared with the traditional Henderson-Hasselbalch model. The younger calves during the first week of life reacted more sensitively to an equal acidotic condition than the older animals.
Spillover effects and dynamic correlations between spot and forward tanker freight markets

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Monitoring and analysing information transmission across different shipping markets is an important tool for participants to predict shipping freight rates, design portfolio investments and manage freight rate risks. The purpose of this article is to investigate spillover effects and dynamic correlations between shipping spot and derivatives markets (tanker forward freight agreement, FFA) under the multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity framework. Empirical results show that spillovers in returns are unilateral from one-month FFA to spot markets, while they are bilateral between one-month and two-month FFA markets. However, insignificant mean spillovers between spot and two-month FFA markets are found. Volatility spillover effects among one-month FFA, two-month FFA and spot freight markets are bilateral. By analysing the correlation between different markets, highly persistent and significantly volatile correlations are found. Moreover, time-varying correlations between one-month and two-month FFA markets are much higher than those of between spot and each FFA market. Results from this article will be helpful to improve participants predictions of return, volatility and correlation, which are significant for determining hedge strategies. In addition, the management of freight rate risk and portfolio investment can also benefit from the empirical results obtained in this article.
Inmunidad de jurisdicción y derechos humanos: dos astillas no hacen fuego

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

During 2021, two domestic courts – the District Court of South Korea and the Brazilian Supreme Court– ruled on two cases related to States’ immunity from jurisdiction and the violation of human rights. Both courts decided that immunity was not applicable due to the fact that the acts covered by the dispute were affected by violations of human rights. In both cases the courts appealed to their constitutional norm and to the evolution of international practice in order to put protection of human rights before the principle of sovereign immunity of the States. While the District Court of South Korea in the Comfort Women against Japan case based its decision on the protection of victims of crimes against humanity and the victims’ right to judicial protection; in the Changri-la against Brazil case, the Brazilian Federal Supreme Court applied human rights laws in broad terms in order to support the exception to immunity. This article questions the legal foundations that both tribunals used in their application of the exception to immunity from jurisdiction.
p53 mutations and MDM-2 amplification in renal cell cancers.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Genomic DNA from 53 primary human renal cell tumors was screened for the presence of mutations in the tumor suppressor gene p53, using the polymerase chain reaction and single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis, followed by direct sequencing of DNA. Five cases showed mobility shifts. Sequencing of these samples revealed two cases of nonsense mutations (codons 182, 192), one case of a missense mutation (codon 285), and two cases of silent mutations at codon 213. The frequency of mutations altering the p53 (3/53 = 6%) was low when compared with the reported frequencies (15% to 65%) of allelic loss of 17p (location of p53) in renal cell cancers, suggesting the possible existence of another tumor suppressor gene in the region of the p53 gene, which when mutated is associated with these cancers. All three tumors with p53 mutations were cases with poor prognosis, i.e., highest pathological grade and/or advanced Robson stage. The human equivalent of the murine double-minute-2 was not amplified in the renal cell tumors. In summary, alterations of p53 may be associated with the development of renal cell carcinoma of higher grade and/or stage.
A study on perceptions of rural people towards common diseases and its medical treatment with reference to Mehmdavad district of Gujarat State

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Rural markets have suddenly come into lime light after most of the urban markets are being saturated by products. Health care in rural areas of India is not well developed when compared to their urban counterpart. Though government had started many initiatives to drive the health of rural Indians, still the awareness related to various health problems and their necessary treatment is at a very nascent stage in rural India. The decision regarding consultation of doctors in case of suffering from common diseases like cold, cough, etc comes from a variety of sources and hence the perceptions and attitudes of rural people must be studied regarding medical treatment in case of common diseases. The present study will also help to marketers of medicines and doctors to address the issues properly. The present study investigated the perceptions and attitudes of rural people of selected villages of Mehmdavad district towards medical treatments. A sample of 100 people living in rural areas of Mehmdavad was selected and a structured questionnaire was administered with them. Chi square and ANOVA test were used to check the influence of current state of suffering from common diseases and their perceptions and attitudes towards medical treatment. The study find out that recent suffering from common diseases do have effect on perceptions and attitudes of rural people with reference to medical treatment.
Effects of Nutritional Crossbreed on Emergent Weight of Worker Bees

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The experiments were conducted with Apis cerana cerana and Apis mellifera Ligustica to weight the worker bees' emergent weight after the workers were the off springs of control colonies and the off springs of hybridization colonies which took place between the Apis cerana cerana and Apis mellifera Ligustica.Then the emergent weight of workers were compared each other.The result showed the mean emergent weight of the first hybridizing off springs(99.58±5.7) mg and the control off springs(89.5±4.3) mg is significantly different(P0.01) in Apis cerana cerana;Apis mellifera Ligustica just like Apis cerana cerana,the mean emergent weight of the first hybridizing off springs(109.19±6.22) mg and the control off springs(134.8±8.7) mg is significantly different(P0.01),but there were no significant different in every hybridizing off springs of worker bee emergent weight.
Long-term field performance of porous asphalt pavement in China

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Porous asphalt (PA) pavement has been widely used in the USA, Europe and Japan for the benefit of quick drainage in rainy days and noise reduction. Its application in China, however, is very limited. A PA pavement section, therefore, was paved in Yan-Tong highway in Jiangsu Province as a trial. Since China has no specifications for the design and construction of PA pavements, the Construction Bureau of Traffic Engineering in Jiangsu Province is very concerned with the field performances of the test section in hope of validating and improving the PA pavement designs. Thus, a five-years tracking programme was launched to collect performance data of the PA section and two control sections, the stone mastic asphalt section and the dense graded asphalt section. The investigation range covers permeability, skid resistance (microtexture level and macrotexture level), rutting, roughness and noise on truck lane, passenger car lane and overtaking lane. The overall assessment is that the three pavement sections provide satisfactory performances over the investigation period. However, the unique merit associated with the PA section, that is to drain the water and reduce noise, witnesses a substantial loss along with time.
Contralateral Cervical Lymph Node Metastases in Pyriform Sinus Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE We designed a retrospective study to evaluate the incidence of contralateral neck metastases in squamous cell carcinoma of the pyriform sinus. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING Sixty‐three patients with strictly unilateral squamous cell carcinoma of the pyriform sinus who underwent bilateral neck dissection at the time of primary surgery were included in this study. The medical records of all patients were reviewed. A multivariate statistical analysis was performed, considering some clinical and histologic parameters of T stage and N stage in relation to contralateral neck metastases. RESULTS Contralateral neck metastases were histopathologically confirmed in more than 20% of the cases examined (13 out of 63 patients), of whom 3 were clinically staged as N2c, 2 N2b, 5 N2a, 2 N1 and 1 N0. The percentage of occult contralateral neck metastases was 77% (10/13 cases). Poorly differentiated tumors ( P =. 02) and the involvement of the lateral wall ( P =. 036) showed a statistically significant correlation with stage pN2c. Also T size and ipsilateral N stage were associated with the presence of contralateral neck metastases. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that elective bilateral neck dissection is recommended in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the pyriform sinus.
Research on the Function of Laser Irradiating Toxoplasma Tachyzoites

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

CO, laser was used to irradiate toxoplasma tachyzoites. By morpholoy observation, the detection of propagation ability, the survival of Toxo-inoculatedmice and the detection of humoral immunne were induced by irradiated toxoplasma, and the results showed that laser can inhibit propagation and fission of tachyzoites. This can induce IgG-anti-body. It can be applied to cure and prevent toxoplasmosis in the future.
Failure to disclose industry funding impacts outcomes in randomized controlled trials of platelet‐rich plasma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) represents a highly profitable biological therapy. Platelet‐rich plasma is widely used to treat musculoskeletal disorders despite mixed evidence of its efficacy. As evidenced by literature from other domains, industry funding may influence the results of clinical trials. The objective of the current study was to determine the association between industry funding and positive results for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the efficacy of PRP in musculoskeletal disorders. Methods A search of four databases was conducted. Included studies were RCTs comparing PRP to any non‐PRP comparator in adults (18 years old or over) with musculoskeletal disorders and had full text available in English. Studies were excluded if they were published before 2016 or were non‐human trials. A multivariate binomial logistic regression model was created to explore predictors of statistically significant findings. Covariates included the presence of industry funding, sample size, and length of study follow‐up. 1440 records were screened with 87 trials included in the final analysis. Results Of the 87 studies, 61 (70%) reported a statistically significant primary outcome. The presence of industry funding was not predictive of a statistically significant primary outcome [OR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.096–1.36, (n.s.)]. Studies that did not state whether industry funding was present had a higher chance of reporting a statistically significant primary outcome (OR = 3.61, 95% CI 1.1–11.9, p = 0.035). Sample size and length of follow‐up were not predictive of a statistically significant primary outcome. Conclusion The results of the current study conclude that industry funding had no impact on the reporting of positive results for RCTs investigating PRP in musculoskeletal disorders. However, not disclosing sources of funding was associated with a higher likelihood of reporting positive results. The results of trials that fail to disclose funding sources should be interpreted with caution in the PRP literature. Level of evidence I.
Burnout and the Quantified Workplace: Tensions around Personal Sensing Interventions for Stress in Resident Physicians

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Recent research has explored computational tools to manage workplace stress via personal sensing, a measurement paradigm in which behavioral data streams are collected from technologies including smartphones, wearables, and personal computers. As these tools develop, they invite inquiry into how they can be appropriately implemented towards improving workers' well-being. In this study, we explored this proposition through formative interviews followed by a design provocation centered around measuring burnout in a U.S. resident physician program. Residents and their supervising attending physicians were presented with medium-fidelity mockups of a dashboard providing behavioral data on residents' sleep, activity and time working; self-reported data on residents' levels of burnout; and a free text box where residents could further contextualize their well-being. Our findings uncover tensions around how best to measure workplace well-being, who within a workplace is accountable for worker stress, and how the introduction of such tools remakes the boundaries of appropriate information flows between worker and workplace. We conclude by charting future work confronting these tensions, to ensure personal sensing is leveraged to truly improve worker well-being.
Towards a New Platform Paradigm for Synergetic Virtual Environments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Most of today's Virtual Reality system architectures follow visualization-centric data paradigms, using hierarchical data structures typically containing static content. As one of the future's - and even today's - key communication and collaboration tools, Virtual Reality is quickly developing into an integrator of heterogeneous technologies and content. For instance, highly sophisticated software simulation technology exists today to enable industrial users [KNC10] to apply the benefits of virtual prototyping throughout the challenging steps of the product development process: Immersive Virtual Engineering has an enormous potential to deliver the engaging work environment for today's and future technical users delivering a fast, accessible and pertinent virtual model that drives day to day engineering decisions - individually and/or collaboratively, from concept design to process engineering and serviceability. Within this paper, we would like to point out some of the new challenges and their consequences, suggesting new paradigms in system architecture design that will enable next generation software platforms to handle the industry's demands towards synergetic Virtual Environments.
Modeling the auditory functions in the primary cortex

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Neurons in the primary auditory cortex exhibit distinctive selectivities in responses to various acoustic features. Recent physiological studies suggest that there are three spatial dimensions along which the neural response patterns can be systematically organized: the tuning frequencies of the neurons are logarithmically mapped on the tonotopic axis, and the shapes of the tuning curves, in terms of symmetry and bandwidth, vary gradually along two other spatial dimensions. It is shown that these variations can be effectively modeled by a complex wavelet transform. With such a tie, one can employ well-established wavelet theories to analyzing and understanding how acoustic signals are processed in the auditory system, and thereby design novel engineering applications that are perceptually oriented.