jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Correlation of anthropometric indices with common cardiovascular risk factors in an urban adult population of Iran: data from Zanjan Healthy Heart Study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine the anthropometric index that best predicts common cardiovascular risk factors. A total of 2768 individuals (1310 men and 1458 women) aged 21-75 years with full relevant data from the Zanjan Healthy Heart Study (a prospective study in Zanjan and Abhar, two main cities of Zanjan Province, Iran) were recruited. Common cardiovascular risk factors (TG, TC, HDL-c, LDL-c, fast blood sugar, blood pressure), anthropometric indices (BMI, WC, WHR, WHtR) were measured using standard process, and their correlated classification was evaluated by partial correlation and Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Area under curve (AUC) of WHtR was the largest for most (6 of 7) of the common cardiovascular risk factors in both men and women; followed by WC (4 of the 7 including ties) in men, while AUCs of three anthropometric indices (WC, BMI, WHR) were the same with the largest for 1 of 7 risk factors in women. These results show that the high prevalence of lipid profiles, as cardiovascular risk factors, need special attention, intervention and appropriate treatment. Consistence with other reports, WHtR is a better discriminator of cardiovascular risk factors compared with the other three indices (BMI, WC, and WHR). We determined its optimal cut-off point of 0.5 for both genders. However, due to differences in reported cut-off values across different ethnic groups, future research and longitudinal data is needed before reaching an internationally accepted simple and appropriate measure that could be effectively used in the clinical and epidemiological fields.
Representation Theory of Artin Algebras

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This book is an introduction to the contemporary representation theory of Artin algebras, by three very distinguished practitioners in the field. Beyond assuming some first-year graduate algebra and basic homological algebra, the presentation is entirely self-contained, so the book is a suitable introduction for any mathematician (especially graduate students) to this field. The main aim of the book is to illustrate how the theory of almost split sequences is used in the representation theory of Artin algebras. However, other foundational aspects of the subject are developed. These results give concrete illustrations of some of the more abstract concepts and theorems. The book includes complete proofs of all theorems, and numerous exercises.
Graph Few-shot Class-incremental Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The ability to incrementally learn new classes is vital to all real-world artificial intelligence systems. A large portion of high-impact applications like social media, recommendation systems, E-commerce platforms, etc. can be represented by graph models. In this paper, we investigate the challenging yet practical problem, Graph Few-shot Class-incremental (Graph FCL) problem, where the graph model is tasked to classify both newly encountered classes and previously learned classes. Towards that purpose, we put forward a Graph Pseudo Incremental Learning paradigm by sampling tasks recurrently from the base classes, so as to produce an arbitrary number of training episodes for our model to practice the incremental learning skill. Furthermore, we design a Hierarchical-Attention-based Graph Meta-learning framework, HAG-Meta. We present a task-sensitive regularizer calculated from task-level attention and node class prototypes to mitigate overfitting onto either novel or base classes. To employ the topological knowledge, we add a node-level attention module to adjust the prototype representation. Our model not only achieves greater stability of old knowledge consolidation, but also acquires advantageous adaptability to new knowledge with very limited data samples. Extensive experiments on three real-world datasets, including Amazon-clothing, Reddit, and DBLP, show that our framework demonstrates remarkable advantages in comparison with the baseline and other related state-of-the-art methods.
Development of a Methodology for the Verification of Russian Wines

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Federal Law No. 468-FZ "On viticulture and winemaking in the Russian Federation" has become an important stimulus for revival and reform of the industry. One of the problems along this path has been the large-scale counterfeiting of Russian wines. In this regard, there is an urgent need to develop a methodology for verification and control of the authenticity of the varietal and geographical origin of Russian wines. A methodology is developed for wine verification using the digital spectra of anthocyanins and aromatic compounds obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography. Using the proposed methodology, studies are carried out to determine differences in the digital spectra of wines produced from different grape varieties; identifying their adulteration by blending with other wine materials; as well as identifying differences in the spectrum of wines produced by manufacturers from different geographical locations.
A G/NARRLI Effort. Measuring the Ionization Yield of Low-Energy Nuclear Recoils in Liquid Argon

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Liquid argon has long been used for particle detection due to its attractive drift properties, ample abundance, and reasonable density. The response of liquid argon to lowenergy O(10<sup>2</sup> -10<sup>4</sup>4 eV) interactions is, however, largely unexplored. Weakly interacting massive particles such as neutrinos and hypothetical dark-matter particles (WIMPs) are predicted to coherently scatter on atomic nuclei, leaving only an isolated low-energy nuclear recoil as evidence. The response of liquid argon to low-energy nuclear recoils must be studied to determine the sensitivity of liquid argon based detectors to these unobserved interactions. Detectors sensitive to coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering may be used to monitor nuclear reactors from a distance, to detect neutrinos from supernova, and to test the predicted behavior of neutrinos. Additionally, direct detection of hypothetical weakly interacting dark matter would be a large step toward understanding the substance that accounts for nearly 27% of the universe. In this dissertation I discuss a small dual-phase (liquid-gas) argon proportional scintillation counter built to study the low-energy regime and several novel calibration and characterization techniques developed to study the response of liquid argon to low-energy O(10<sup>2</sup> -10<sup>4</sup> eV) interactions.
A hidden truth: Report of a unique case with multiple anomalies in an Indian patient

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The present manuscript demonstrates presence of unusual interesting dental anomalies in Indian female patient which was encountered following radiographic examination. Intra-osseous transmigration of permanent maxillary canine, central incisor along with horizontal impaction of a supernumerary tooth in close approximation with nasal cavity and maxillary sinus along with rhyzomicroly (short root anomaly) was evident in this reported case which calls for unified research.
Improved sleep efficiency is associated with reduced cardio‐metabolic risk: Findings from the MODERN trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Poor sleep increases cardio‐metabolic risk, but limited information on the impact of sleep for the improvement of cardio‐metabolic health exists. This analysis examined the impact of sleep on a health and lifestyle modification programme to reduce cardio‐metabolic disease risk factors. Secondary analysis of the MODERN randomised controlled trial to reduce cardio‐metabolic risk was undertaken at baseline and 24‐month follow‐up. Participants aged 40–70 years ( n = 121) with three or more cardio‐metabolic risk factors were randomised to a health and lifestyle modification intervention ( n = 59) or usual care ( n = 62), and underwent 7 day/night actigraphy to assess total sleep time, sleep efficiency (%), number of awakenings/night and physical activity levels. Blood pressure, blood lipid and glycaemic levels, anthropometric and diet measures were collected. The mean age was 59 ± 7 years and 37% were male. Baseline sleep measures were not different between groups. At the 24‐month follow‐up, both groups showed improvements in cardio‐metabolic risk factors, albeit the change in blood pressure was greater in the intervention compared with the usual care group (systolic blood pressure: –11 versus –4 mmHg, p = .014). There were no differences between groups for diet, physical activity or sleep parameters. An increase in sleep efficiency was independently associated with lower systolic blood pressure (β = −2.117, p = .002) and higher high‐density lipoprotein levels (β = 0.040, p = .033); an increase in total sleep time was associated with lower low‐density lipoprotein levels (β = −0.003, p = .038) at 24 months. Overall, improvement in sleep quality over time was beneficial to reduce blood pressure and lipid levels. These findings highlight sleep as a potential target to reduce cardio‐metabolic risk.
Implicature in Political Campaign for the Local Government Leader Elections of Province South Sulawesi Governor and Deputy Governor for the Period 2018 - 2023

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Before the general election took place, each pair of Governors who had been appointed by the General Election Commission, actively use multiple media platforms for campaigns.For example, they put advertising campaigns on billboards, newspapers, and other political events.This doesn't mean that they serve no purpose, the initial goal is to introduce each candidate for Governor and Deputy Governor, meanwhile, another goal is usually a form of persuasion so that people want to elect him as the leader of South Sulawesi.
Qualitative analysis of equilibrium systems

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

As data sets in qualitative models are not always available, one of the approaches for economic prediction is to apply causal reasoning methods to qualitative models. Generally speaking, economists typically make use of causal reasoning and comparative statics during predictions. Immediate effects (i.e. dynamics) are not considered very important if the disturbances are not very large and the system remains stable. For linear systems, long term (comparative) effects, such as the shifted equilibrium, can be predicted by causal ordering together with Mason's rule or the signal flow-graph reduction method. However, for systems with general monotonic functions, the qualitative flow-graph simplification technique proposed in this paper should be used. Comparisons are made between our newly proposed monotonic function qualitative flow-graph approach and other analytical and artificial intelligence methods.
LHD NB3arm #120294.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The neutral beam (NB) shine-through profile is routinely monitored on the Large Helical Device (LHD) both to calibrate the port-through power of the NB and to evaluate the NB-deposition power to LHD plasmas. The profile is measured with a calorimeter (CM) array on an armor plate of the NB counter wall inside the LHD vacuum vessel.
Collaborative care for depression yields similar improvement among older and younger rural adults

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Depressive disorders are among the most prevalent mental health conditions; however, significant barriers to treatment access persist. This study examined differences in depression outcomes between younger and older adults in a large‐scale implementation demonstration of the collaborative care model (CoCM). Methods Secondary data analysis of a longitudinal, observational implementation demonstration at eight primary care clinics across low‐resourced rural or frontier areas of the Western United States. Seven of these clinics were federally qualified health centers. The sample consisted of 3722 younger (18–64 years) and older (65+ years) adult primary care patients diagnosed with unipolar depression. All participants received depression treatment via CoCM, which enhances usual primary care and makes efficient use of specialists by using a behavioral healthcare manager and a psychiatric consultant to support primary care providers. Clinics were followed for up to 27 months. Patients were followed until they completed treatment or dropped out. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) assessed depressive symptoms at baseline (enrollment) and at most follow‐up contacts. The primary treatment outcome was a change between a patient's first and last recorded PHQ‐9 scores. Results Across both age groups, there was an average overall reduction of 6.9 points on the PHQ‐9. Older adults demonstrated a greater decrease in depression scores of 2.06 points (95% CI −2.98 to −1.14, p < 0.001) on the PHQ‐9 compared with younger adults. Estimates were robust when adjusting for gender, race, and clinic. Conclusions CoCM resulted in meaningful improvement in depressive symptoms across age groups.
Implications of Climate Change for Western Concepts of Ownership: Australian Case Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article considers what Australian responses to climate change may teach us about the concept of ownership. Through a close analysis of laws aimed at encouraging specific land uses in order to mitigate emissions, it argues that these laws support the increasingly uncontroversial claim that ownership of estates or interests in land places obligations and responsibilities on owners to exercise the resulting rights for the benefit of others. However, although land ownership is flexible enough to support the environmental objectives of these laws, their failure to adequately accommodate the practicalities of ownership, such as anticipating the position of successors in title, increases the risk of conflict between owners of estates and interests in land, and compromises the ability of both environmental and property law regimes to achieve their intended objectives.
Mapping the Druggability of Complement C3 and its Derivatives, and Inhibitor Design

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The complement system, consisting of several plasma proteins and cell-bound receptors, is an important part of innate immunity. Complement component C3 is central to the multiple complement pathways and its cleavage results in the activation of various cascades for the generation of effector proteins and complexes as a response to injury or infection. A lack of regulation in this response can result in adverse effects such as inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Despite complement's role in several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, there is a noted dearth of complement-targeted therapeutics on the marker. In this thesis, we outline a variety of studies in which we employ computational and experimental methods to characterize the mechanistic properties and dynamics of C3 and its derivatives in order to map their druggability. We explore the mechanisms driving the C3d:CR2 interaction using electrostatic analysis, molecular dynamics simulations (both steered and explicit solvent), and MM-GBSA calculations. We investigate the role of electrostatic steering in the C3d:CR2 interaction through Brownian Dynamics simulations and confirm the ionic strength-dependence of the interaction as well as gain additional insights into the amino acids driving the association of the C3d:CR2 complex. We utilize the insights into significant intermolecular interactions gained from the C3d:CR2 complex for the design of CR2-based peptides targeting C3d for biomarker and inhibitor development. In continuing with the pursuit of C3d-binding ligands, we implement a virtual screening workflow for the identification of small molecules with fluorescence properties for potential theranostic applications. In addition, we explore the dynamics of the C3d:CR3 complex to further characterize the structural and physicochemical properties of C3d and identify amino acids crucial to the interaction through molecular dynamics (both explicit and steered) and electrostatic analysis. We perform redesign of a compstatin family peptidic inhibitor targeting C3, and small molecule biomarker discovery at the site of compstatin-C3 binding using virtual screening. Our results provide a fundamental mechanistic understanding of the physicochemical, structural and dynamic properties of C3, and form the foundation for the development of potential diagnostic imaging molecular sensors and therapeutics.
Improved Reservoir Management Decisions Using Ensemble Based Methods

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In today's market situation it is becoming increasingly important to minimize the risk of making poor investment decisions. Reservoir models, and associated model predictions are often used a direct input in these decisions. Hence, it is of utmost importance that reservoir model predictions and associated uncertainty estimates can be trusted. In order to achieve this task, a clear requirement is that the reservoir models consistently honour both static and dynamic data, while capturing all modelling uncertainties. In this paper we will illustrate how using ensemble based methods can ensure both fast and consistent data integration and give an improved representation of the model and prediction uncertainties, leading to improved reservoir management decisions. Furthermore, we illustrate that the traditional, base case, approach leads to the wrong investment decision as model uncertainties are ignored.
Unsupervised Word Spotting in Historical Handwritten Document Images Using Document-Oriented Local Features

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Word spotting strategies employed in historical handwritten documents face many challenges due to variation in the writing style and intense degradation. In this paper, a new method that permits effective word spotting in handwritten documents is presented that it relies upon document-oriented local features, which take into account information around representative keypoints as well a matching process that incorporates spatial context in a local proximity search without using any training data. Experimental results on four historical handwritten data sets for two different scenarios (segmentation-based and segmentation-free) using standard evaluation measures show the improved performance achieved by the proposed methodology.
Adenosine 5[prime]-Diphosphate-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase from Potato Tuber (Significance of the N Terminus of the Small Subunit for Catalytic Properties and Heat Stability)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

cDNAs encoding the large subunit and a possibly truncated small subunit of the potato tuber (Solanum tuberosum L.) adenosine 5'-diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase have been expressed in Escherichia coli (A.A. Iglesias, G.F. Barry, C. Meyer, L. Bloksberg, P.A. Nakata, T. Greene, M.J. Laughlin, T.W. Okita, G.M. Kishore, J. Preiss, J Biol Chem [1993] 268: 1081-1086). However, some properties of the transgenic enzyme were different from those reported for the enzyme from potato tuber. In this work, extension of the cDNA was performed to elongate the N terminus of the truncated small subunit by 10 amino acids. This extension is based on the almost complete conservation seen at the N-terminal sequence for the potato tuber and the spinach leaf small subunits. Expressing the extended cDNA in E. coli along with the large subunit cDNA yielded a transgenic heterotetrameric enzyme with similar properties to the purified potato tuber enzyme. It was also found that the extended small subunit expressed by itself exhibited high enzyme activity, with lower affinity for activator 3-phosphoglycerate and higher sensitivity toward inorganic phosphate inhibition. It is proposed that a major function of the large subunit of adenosine 5'-diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylases from higher plants is to modulate the regulatory properties of the native heterotetrameric enzyme, and the small subunit's major function is catalysis.
PHENOTYPIC AND ALLOZYME VARIATION IN MEDITERRANEAN AND DESERT POPULATIONS OF WILD BARLEY, HORDEUM SPONTANEUM KOCH

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Populations of wild barley, Hordeum spontaneum Koch, were collected in two distinct climatic regions, desert and Mediterranean. Plants from five desert and five Mediterranean populations were compared and contrasted for extent and structure of phenotypic variation. These same 10 and one other population from each region were analyzed for allozyme variation. In a field trial of phenotypic diversity, two phenological and 14 morphological traits were examined. Study of allozyme variation was performed using eight enzyme systems encoding for 13 loci. Plants from the desert and Mediterranean regions were significantly different in seven of 16 phenotypic traits, exhibited a high (30%) interregional component of phenotypic variation, and showed a high degree of segregation on a principal component scattergram indicating ecotypic differentiation. Mediterranean populations were twice as variable as desert populations in reproductive growth parameters (stem and spike length) and grain filling (spikelet weight), but half as variable for onset of reproduction. The extent and structure of phenotypic and allozyme variation did not match. The Mediterranean and desert populations did not differ in amount of allozyme variation as estimated by mean number of alleles per locus, effective number of alleles, polymorphism, and gene diversity (na, ne, P, and He), did not segregate on the basis of population genetic distances, and exhibited a low proportion of interregion allozyme diversity (2%). No effect of selection on allozyme distribution was detected. Our results suggest that the adaptation of plants originating from desert and Mediterranean environments is reflected in phenotypic but not in allozyme variation.
Nicotine for the Fetus, the Infant and the Adolescent?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The recent expansion of Nicotine Replacement Therapy to pregnant women and children ignores the fact that nicotine impairs, disrupts, duplicates and/or interacts with essential physiological functions and is involved in tobacco-related carcinogenesis. The main concerns in the present context are its fetotoxicity and neuroteratogenicity that can cause cognitive, affective and behavioral disorders in children born to mothers exposed to nicotine during pregnancy, and the detrimental effects of nicotine on the growing organism. Hence, the use of nicotine, whose efficacy in treating nicotine addiction is controversial even in adults, must be strictly avoided in pregnancy, breastfeeding, childhood and adolescence. Journal of Health Psychology Copyright © 2007 SAGE Publications London, Thousand Oaks and New Delhi, www.sagepublications.com Vol 12(2) 215–224 DOI: 10.1177/1359105307074240