jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY STUDY OF THORACIC AORTA IN THE CAT

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Summary Vladova, D., M. Stefanov & Y. Toneva, 2005. Computed tomography study of thoracic aorta in the cat. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 8, No 3, 151�156. Computed tomography (;<) with contrast enhancement allows a detailed anatomical description of feline thoracic aorta. For this purpose, 14 sexually mature clinically healthy domestic cats weighing 2.9 to 4.0 kg were investigated. The animals were anaesthetized and fixed in dorsal recumbency on a ;< table (Tomoscan, CX/Q, Siemens). Consequent transversal 5 mm cross-sections were made along the thoracic cavity, caudally to the thirds thoracic vertebra (Th3). The levels corresponding to the best representation of anatomical features of thoracic aorta were selected. The branches of the aortic arch (the brachycephalic trunk and the left subclavian artery) were observed from the first studied Th3 segment to Th4. The aortic arch was detected at the Th5 level. The ascending aorta was visualized almost centrally to the Th6 segment, surrounded by the left atrium, the right atrium and the right ventricle. The descending aorta was observed on the left ventrally to the body of Th6. In caudal direction, the descending aorta was positioned ventromedially to the vertebral column, that was the best visible at Th10. This placement of the descending aorta was preserved up to aortic hiatus. In conclusion, ;< is able to visualize in vivo thoracic aorta and allows a precise anatomical analysis for the needs of diagnostics.
How should Helicobacter pylori positive dyspeptic patients be managed?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dyspepsia, according to the internationally accepted Rome criteria, refers to pain or discomfort centred in the upper abdomen; patients with predominant heartburn are excluded from this group, although minor or infrequent heartburn is commonly associated with dyspepsia. It is an important condition not only because it is common and costly, but because it may indicate the presence of serious disease such as peptic ulcer or gastric cancer. However, the most frequent causes of dyspepsia are functional dyspepsia and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. The discovery of Helicobacter pylori has resulted in important advances in the management of dyspepsia. The clinician faced with a patient who has persistent or recurrent dyspepsia needs to differentiate clearly those patients who have not been previously investigated from patients documented to have functional dyspepsia after investigation (fig 1). Here, the management of H pylori positive dyspeptic patients who have and have not been fully investigated will be reviewed.
Compositional Construction of Control Barrier Certificates for\n Large-Scale Stochastic Switched Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose a compositional framework for the construction of\ncontrol barrier certificates for large-scale stochastic switched systems\naccepting multiple control barrier certificates with some dwell-time\nconditions. The proposed scheme is based on a notion of so-called augmented\npseudo-barrier certificates computed for each switched subsystem, using which\none can compositionally synthesize state-feedback controllers for\ninterconnected systems enforcing safety specifications over a finite-time\nhorizon. In particular, we first leverage sufficient max-type small-gain\nconditions to compositionally construct augmented control barrier certificates\nfor interconnected systems based on the corresponding augmented pseudo-barrier\ncertificates of subsystems. Then we quantify upper bounds on exit probabilities\n- the probability that an interconnected system reaches certain unsafe regions\n- in a finite-time horizon using the constructed augmented barrier\ncertificates. We employ a technique based on a counter-example guided inductive\nsynthesis (CEGIS) approach to search for control barrier certificates of each\nmode while synthesizing safety controllers providing switching signals. We\ndemonstrate our proposed results by applying them first to a room temperature\nnetwork containing 1000 rooms. Finally, we apply our techniques to a network of\n500 switched subsystems (totally 1000 dimensions) accepting multiple barrier\ncertificates with a dwell-time condition, and provide upper bounds on the\nprobability that the interconnected system reaches some unsafe region in a\nfinite-time horizon.\n
An analysis of Anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract of leaves of Solanum virginianum using-carrageenan induce Paul edema model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Solanum virginianum (Family: Solanaceae) commonly known as the Indian night shade or Yellow berried night shade (English) and kantakari (Sanskrit). It is a prickly diffuse, bright green perennial herb, woody at the base, 2–3 m height, found throughout India, mostly in dry places. Solanum virginianum has as expectorant and antipyretic activities. The methanolic extract of leaves of Solanum virginianum is administered orally to a group of experimental animals at one of the defined doses such as 5, 50, 500, 2000mg/kg. There was no sign of toxic effect in dose between 5, 50, 300mg/kg. When the dose of 2000 mg/kg given to the animal, the toxic effect on animal was found such as low breathing, itching, swallowing and mortality. Then, 1/3 of the dose has been selected which is 100 mg/kg. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan induced paw edema models in wistar albino rats. The anti- inflammatory activity was found to be dose dependent in carrageenan-induced paw edema model. The results of present study demonstrate that methanolic extract of the leaves of Solanum virginianum possess significant (P < 0.05). The amount of the plants which have been asserted to possess anti-inflammatory effect is so much that evaluating all of them are out of the scope. Herbal medicine is one of the most important aspects of complementary medicines. There are many studies which have been asserted the role of several herbs in inflammation remission.
Nutritional Evaluation of Conventional Feedstuffs for Ruminants using InVitro Gas Production Technique

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The use of crop residues and agricultural by-products in animal feeding is a very common practice in Myanmar. Nutritive values and fermentation characteristics of natural grass (NG), lablab bean stalk-fresh (LLBF), butter bean residue-dry (BBRD), sesame residue-dry (SRD), sorghum stover-dry (SSD) and sorghum stover-fresh (SSF) were evaluated through in vitro gas production method. The crude protein (CP) content of Lablab bean stalk-fresh (LLBF) was significantly higher than those of other feedstuffs with the least CP obtained from sorghum stover-dry (SSD). The contents of NDF, ADF and EE ranged from 58.95 to 80.03, 36.63 to 67.76 and 2.15 to 2.89, respectively. The cumulative gas volumes at 24 hrs ranked from the highest to the lowest; BBRD, NG, SRD, LLBF, SSD and SSF. However, the gas volume of SSD was significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of other feedstuffs at the 96 hrs of incubation time. The highest gas production rate “c” was found in SRD and the lowest was in SSD. While the fermentation of insoluble fraction “b” of SSD was significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of other feedstuffs, the LLBF was the highest in the fermentation of quickly soluble fraction “a”. The estimated total carbohydrate (TC), non fibre carbohydrate (NFC), metabolizable energy (ME), organic matter digestibility (OMD), short chain fatty acid (SCFA) and methane gas concentration are significantly different (P<0.05) among the experimental feedstuffs. According to the findings of this study, all of these conventional feedstuffs have the good potential to be used as ruminant feed.
PUB DATE 2000-11-00

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This report discusses the outcomes of a study that used qualitative data to examine the concept of attention deficit disorders from an international perspective. Surveys were conducted in two different parts of the world (West Virginia and Pakistan) among elementary school teachers. Seventy-two Pakistani school teachers and 149 American school teachers were surveyed. Findings showed a significant difference in percentages of students who are perceived as having attention deficit disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) traits. Students from the United States were more likely to be identified as having AD/HD symptoms than Pakistani students. Methods of responding to such children in the classroom included similar responses and also some reactions which were unique to each culture. Ideas concerning causes for the behavior patterns were also given. Educators from both cultures cited multiple and similar reasons for AD/HD, with parenting practices being a recurring theme. Results of the study suggest environmental factors which may be contributing to the severity of attention deficit disorders. The paper concludes with a discussion of future research needs. (Contains 20 references.) (CR) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
The unmatched Public Health Humanitarian Emergencies Context with persistently outdated methods of response -Case of South Sudan 2017

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: This study aims to determine the unmatched Public Health Humanitarian EmergenciesContext with recurrently outdated methods of response -South Sudan is used as a case study.With specific objective: to increases the support for vital, approach in Public health activities in humanitarian emergencies and ascertain new ways of delivering Public health activities in humanitarian emergencies system.Methodology: The study, was secondary research to track down useful existing published information and a review of the secondary literature on Public health activities in humanitarian emergencies, the principle investigator summaries the articles from South Sudan NGOs forum, BioMed central , Web of Science (2005-2017) and PubMed (2005PubMed ( -2017)).Results: South Sudan reported the highest Humanitarian access incidence in the region, most frequent report in 2017, ( 101) in August 2017 laterally, and most implicate violence against humanitarian workers and properties.Evidence indicate South Sudan is not receiving enough support and appropriate global focused, due jeopardy, that lead to losing more humanitarian support.Yet, it's not the humanitarian agencies that's going to solve the Public health humanitarian emergencies in South Sudan, than the political will and support.Conclusion: South Sudan situation cannot be put in to one box, because it has many vigorous, therefore need different approaches and interventions.The study recommends that improved data are imperative towards supporting inter-sectorial work in addressing Public health care needs of the persons of concern to Humanitarian agencies.
A new species of the sharpshooter genus Hanshumba (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) from the Mantiqueira mountain range, southeastern Brazil, associated with olive orchards

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT A new species of Hanshumba Young, 1977 is described and illustrated from the Mantiqueira mountain range (southeastern Brazil), municipalities of Wenceslau Braz (state of Minas Gerais) and São Bento do Sapucaí (state of São Paulo). The new taxon is associated with olive orchards and is considered a potential vector of the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa. This bacterium causes a serious disease known in Brazil as olive leaf desiccation syndrome. Hanshumba mariae sp. nov. can be distinguished from the other five known species of the genus by the following combination of features: (1) apical third of ventral margin of male pygofer with small inner process bearing setae; (2) male abdominal segment X (anal tube) without processes; (3) style with apex narrow, obtuse, not foot-shaped; (4) aedeagus with distinct dorsal lobe along basal two-thirds and with apical portion expanded, bearing dorsal projection; (5) paraphyses with distal pair of rami forceps-like, their basal halves divergent from each other, distal halves approximately parallel, apices acute; (6) female sternite VII with posterior margin shallowly emarginate, bearing slight median lobe; and (7) valvula II of ovipositor with approximately 15 low teeth. Both males and females of the new species are described in detail. A key to the six known species of the genus is provided.
LABORATORY STUDY ON FLEXURAL FATIGUE CHARACTERISTICS OF REINFORCED BITUMINOUS SURFACINGS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The present study reported in this paper was undertaken in order to find out the efficacy of commercially available polymeric materials as reinforcement materials with bituminous surfacing mixes prepared with different gradations of mineral aggregates. The idea was to evaluate the effect of bond between reinforcing materials and bituminous mixes varying from open-graded to dense-graded, as the total effectiveness of reinforcing material for improved fatigue life of bituminous surfacing would depend upon its tensile strength and its degree of bond with the surrounding bituminous surfacing mix. For the covering abstract of the journal issue see IRRD 811859. (Author/TRRL)
Design of Inhibitors Targeting Chitin-Degrading Enzymes by Bioisostere Substitutions and Scaffold Hopping for Selective Control of Ostrinia furnacalis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Chitin-degrading enzymes are critical components in regulating the molting process of the Asian corn borer and serve as potential targets for controlling this destructive pest of maize. Here, we used a scaffold-hopping strategy to design a series of efficient naphthylimide insecticides. Among them, compound 8c exhibited potent inhibition of chitinase from OfChi-h and OfChtI at low nanomolar concentrations (IC50 = 1.51 and 9.21 nM, respectively). Molecular docking simulations suggested that 8c binds to chitinase by mimicking the interaction of chitin oligosaccharide substrates with chitinase. At low ppm concentrations, compound 8c performed comparably to commercial insecticides in controlling the highly destructive plant pest, the Asian corn borer. Tests on a wide range of nontarget organisms indicate that compound 8c has very low toxicity. In addition, the effect of inhibitor treatment on the expression of genes associated with the Asian corn borer chitin-degrading enzymes was further investigated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In conclusion, our study highlights the potential of 8c as a novel chitinase-targeting insecticide for effective control of the Asian corn borer, providing a promising solution in the quest for sustainable pest management.
AI Assistance for Requirements Management

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Extraction of requirements from customer specifications has long been a tedious, time-consuming and error-prone manual effort. This is further compounded by the tendency for requirements to be vague and fuzzy things which are difficult to manage. Hypermedia-based, Al-assisted requirements acquisition provides a significant competitive edge over traditional, labor-intensive, error-prone methods. SIR/REX (Systems Information Resource/Requirements EXtractor) provides automation and support to the earliest phases of systems engineering by placing customer specifications into an easily navigated, enriched information resource, and by automatically and consistently extracting candidate requirements and issues from specifications while creating links to the original source documentation. Requirements become tangible objects which can be easily reviewed, adjudicated, and managed by a human being; thus improving productivity and quality in requirements capture. Afterward, when new specifications or new versions of specifications are received, SIR/REX provides an intelligent change manager which facilitates impact analysis and change response while maximizing conservation of existing engineering investment.
Making a case for educational development in times of drift and shift

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Ten strategies are offered as collectively making a case for an educational conception of professional development in higher education. These strategies, it is argued, should help the system to resist the various forms of academic drift that are discernible, and especially those described as “research drift” and “teaching drift”, which could, unless stemmed, lead to a fragmentation of higher education. Educational development is also promoted as a set of conditions and as a series of strategies which could help higher education institutions counter the deleterious effects of “managerial shift” which is characterised as a more or less deliberate attempt to move universities away from the values of collegiality towards those of a contrasting ideology which strongly features bureaucracy and efficiency. By adopting an educational approach to professional development, higher education institutions would be helping to establish themselves more effectively as learning organisations and would be contributing to the Dearing aim of creating a learning society.
REVIEWS The evolution of virulence

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

he term virulence can represent quite different things to different evol-utionary ecologists. The follow-ing is one definition used by microbiologists (see Ref. 3). “Whereas ‘pathogenicity ’ re-fers to the capacity of micro-organisms to cause disease, the essentially synonymous term virulence is generally used to note variations in degree. Viru-lence encompasses two fea-tures of an organism’s disease-producing capacity: infectivity Why is there variation in the virulence of infectious diseases? Virulence can have substantial effects on the genetic contribution of both host and pathogen to future generations. Understanding it therefore requires explanation not only in terms of cellular and molecular mechanisms’J, but also in evolutionary terms: what is the nature of the selection acting on genes responsible for virulence?
Desensitization to Mg2+ of the Phosphoenzyme in Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-ATPase by the Addition of a Nonionic Detergent and the Restoration of Sensitivity after Its Removal1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membranes from rabbit skeletal muscle were solubilized with a high concentration of dodecyl octaethyleneglycol monoether (C12E8) and the kinetic properties of the Ca2+,Mg2+-dependent ATPase [EC 3.6.1.3] were studied. The following results were obtained: 1. SR ATPase solubilized in C12E8 retains high ability to form phosphoenzyme ([EP] = 4--5 mol/10(6) g protein) for at least two days in the presence of 5 mM Ca2+, 0.5 M KCl, and 20% glycerol at pH 7.55. 2. The ATPase activity was dependent on both Mg2+ and Ca2+. However, the rate of E32P decay after the addition of unlabeled ATP was independent of Mg2+. 3. Most of the EP formed in the absence of Mg2+ was capable of reacting with ADP to form ATP in the backward reaction. However, in the presence of 5 mM Mg2+, the amount of ATP formed was markedly reduced without loss of the reactivity of the EP with ADP. 4. The removal of C12E8 from the ATPase by the use of Bio-Beads resulted in the full restoration of the Mg2+ dependency of the EP decomposition. 5. These results strongly suggest that in the case of SR solubilized with a high concentration of C12E8 the decomposition of phosphoenzyme is Mg2+ independent and ATP is mainly hydrolyzed through Mg2+-dependent decomposition of an enzyme-ATP complex, which is in equilibrium with phosphoenzyme and ADP.
Urgensi Peran Orang Tua dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract: The parents have an important role in determining the direction of their children education, namely as the main and first madrasah. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the urgency of the role of parents, including the use of strategies in the selection of Islamic Religious education with supporting and inhibiting factors that accompany it. The type of research used is field research with qualitative descriptive approach and involve 3 parents with 3 children in the Dangkel, Parakan Temanggung. The results of this research are (1) parents act as educators and the main motivators for children in undergoing education; (2) the strategy used through the material of faith, worship and morality with the methods of exemplary, habituation, advice and punishment; (3)supporting factors include the basic religion of good parents, comfortable and loving family condition. While the inhibiting factors arise from the surrounding environment, such as peers who always invite to play and out of the time. Abstrak: Peran orang tua sangat besar dalam menentukan arah pendidikan yang akan dijalani oleh anak, yakni sebagai madrasah yang utama dan pertama. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis urgensi peran orang tua tersebut, meliputi penggunaan strategi dalam pemilihan pendidikan agama Islam dengan faktor pendukung dan penghambat yang mengiringinya. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian lapangan dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, Adapun Responden penelitian dengan 3 keluarga atau orang tua dan 3 anak didusun Dangkel, Kecamatan Parakan Kabupaten Temanggung. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan bahwa (1) orang tua berperan sebagai tenaga pendidik dan motivator anak yang utama dalam menjalani pendidikan; (2) strategi yang digunakan melalui materi akidah, ibadah dan akhlakul karimah dengan metode keteladanan, pembiasaan, nasihat dan hukuman; (3) faktor pendukung meliputi basic agama orang tua yang baik, keadaan keluarga yang nyaman dan penuh kasih sayang. Sedangkan faktor penghambat muncul dari lingkungan sekitar, seperti teman sebaya yang selalu mengajak bermain dan tidak kenal waktu.
Study on Tissue Culture System of Erigeron Breviscapus(Vant)Hand-Mazz.for Genetic Transformation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The callus can form in two weeks quickly on the MS as basic medium,BA 0.2?mg/L+NAA 2.0?mg/L as hormone and the young sprout sowing for 10 days,and true leaf of size in 0.5?cm×1.5 cm.The adventitious bud from the true leaf can quickly form on MS + BA 0.5?mg/L+NAA 0.5?(mg/L) as medium,adding 30?g/L cane sugars.75?μg/ml Chl.was used as the choice pressure of Agrobacterium tumerfaciens,50?μg/ml Gent.was used as the choice pressure of turned gene plant,300?μg/ml Cef.was used as antibiotic of repressing germ and the result of genetic transformation on Erigeron Breviscapus(Vant)Hand-Mazz.was the best.