jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Modulating metal-centered dimerization of a lanthanide chaperone protein for separation of light lanthanides

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Elucidating details of biology’s selective uptake and trafficking of rare earth elements, particularly the lanthanides, has the potential to inspire sustainable biomolecular separations of these essential metals for myriad modern technologies. Here, we biochemically and structurally characterize Methylobacterium ( Methylorubrum ) extorquens LanD, a periplasmic protein from a bacterial gene cluster for lanthanide uptake. This protein provides only four ligands at its surface-exposed lanthanide-binding site, allowing for metal-centered protein dimerization that favors the largest lanthanide, La III . However, the monomer prefers Nd III and Sm III , which are disfavored lanthanides for cellular utilization. Structure-guided mutagenesis of a metal-ligand and an outer-sphere residue weakens metal binding to the LanD monomer and enhances dimerization for Pr III and Nd III by 100-fold. Selective dimerization enriches high-value Pr III and Nd III relative to low-value La III and Ce III in an all-aqueous process, achieving higher separation factors than lanmodulins and comparable or better separation factors than common industrial extractants. Finally, we show that LanD interacts with lanmodulin (LanM), a previously characterized periplasmic protein that shares LanD’s preference for Nd III and Sm III . Our results suggest that LanD’s unusual metal-binding site transfers less-desirable lanthanides to LanM to siphon them away from the pathway for cytosolic import. The properties of LanD show how relatively weak chelators can achieve high selectivity, and they form the basis for the design of protein dimers for separation of adjacent lanthanide pairs and other metal ions.
Tribocorrosion Behaviour of a Ti–25Nb–3Zr–2Sn–3Mo Alloys Induction Nitride Layer in a Simulated Body Fluid Solution

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Ti–25Nb–3Zr–2Sn–3Mo (TLM) alloys have been used in orthopaedics due to their excellent biocompatibility. However, the poor tribological performance caused by the low shear strength limits the applicability of TLM alloy. Herein, the surface of the TLM alloy was strengthened by induction nitriding technology, and the microstructure of the formed nitride layer as well as its corrosion property were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical workstation. The results showed that a gradient nitride layer with a thickness of ~30 μm was obtained on the surface of the TLM alloy after induction nitriding and the surface microhardness of the TLM alloy also increased from approximately 230 HV to 1253 HV. Meanwhile, the corrosion resistance of the TLM alloy in simulated body fluids (SBFs), was significantly improved by the nitride layer, which was supported by the corrosion potential value increasing from −665.77 (the raw sample) to −241.00 mV (the nitrided sample). Triborrosion behaviour is also characterized by a reciprocating sliding wear tester connected to an electrochemical workstation with different electrochemical conditions. The results evidenced that the TLM alloy has excellent tribocorrosion resistance after induction nitriding, who’s the mechanical material loss (WA) was only 0.23% of that of the raw sample under a 10 N load, and the total material loss (WT) was 15% of that of the raw sample.
Investigation of volatile compounds of Liberica coffee beans fermented atvarying degrees of roasting

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Liberica coffee (Coffea liberica Bull ex Hiern) has gained worldwide popularity, because it has a unique taste and aroma, and it is able to adapt to peatlands and is more tolerant of disease. Previous studies suggested that fermentation with hydrolytic bacteria could improve flavors, mostly determined by volatile compounds by the roasting process. However, studies about the volatile compounds and their roles in the taste and aroma of this coffee are still limited. This study aimed to investigate volatile compounds from fermented Liberica coffee beans roasted at light roast (150-160°C, 2.2 Mbar, 12 mins); medium roast (175-185°C, 2.2 Mbar, 7.30 mins); and dark roast (200-220°C, 2.2 Mbar, 10 mins). Samples were collected from various fermentation times 0, 4, 8, and 12 hrs and dried. Green beans with a moisture content of 12% were roasted in 3 roast stages. In this work, the extraction of volatile coffee compounds was performed using solid phase microextraction (SPME) and subsequently analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). To determine the significance of fermentation time and degree of coffee roasting in the area, a two-way univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used, followed by a Tukey's honest significant difference (HSD) test with a statistical significance level of p<0.05. The results showed that a total of 59 of the 130 volatile compounds had a significant difference at different roasting degrees to the area of compounds with a statistical significance level of p<0.05. Those compounds consisted of 5 aldehydes, 18 furans, 4 ketones, 9 phenols, 13 pyrazines, 5 pyridines and 5 pyrroles.
Phaeochromocytoma Simulating Thyrotoxicosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

MEDICAL MEMORANDAseem most likely, with a mesenteric infarct to account for the second-day ileus.Phaeochromocytoma was considered be- cause of the glycosuria and hypertension, but, after perusal of the papers by Crowther (1951) and Swan (1951), was rejected as unlike any previous case so far reported at that time.Unfortunately, the paper of Gilliland and Daniel was not noted until the day of the necropsy, when the similarity in presentation and signs was remarked upon.Presumably haemorrhage into the cystic, friable, necrotic tumour produced the severely shocked state which, with a curious lividity of the skin, persisted throughout the whole illness.The use of anticoagulants must have aided this considerably, as must the bout of hypertension.A trouble- some feature of the case was the diabetes, more and more insulin being required to keep the urine clear of sugar as her blood pressure rose after the original fall.I would like to express my thanks to Dr. J. C.
General strategies for using amino acid sequence data to guide biochemical investigation of protein function

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The rapid increase of ‘-omics' data warrants the reconsideration of experimental strategies to investigate general protein function. Studying individual members of a protein family is likely insufficient to provide a complete mechanistic understanding of family functions, especially for diverse families with thousands of known members. Strategies that exploit large amounts of available amino acid sequence data can inspire and guide biochemical experiments, generating broadly applicable insights into a given family. Here we review several methods that utilize abundant sequence data to focus experimental efforts and identify features truly representative of a protein family or domain. First, coevolutionary relationships between residues within primary sequences can be successfully exploited to identify structurally and/or functionally important positions for experimental investigation. Second, functionally important variable residue positions typically occupy a limited sequence space, a property useful for guiding biochemical characterization of the effects of the most physiologically and evolutionarily relevant amino acids. Third, amino acid sequence variation within domains shared between different protein families can be used to sort a particular domain into multiple subtypes, inspiring further experimental designs. Although generally applicable to any kind of protein domain because they depend solely on amino acid sequences, the second and third approaches are reviewed in detail because they appear to have been used infrequently and offer immediate opportunities for new advances. Finally, we speculate that future technologies capable of analyzing and manipulating conserved and variable aspects of the three-dimensional structures of a protein family could lead to broad insights not attainable by current methods.
Citizen Participation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Citizen participation is at the heart of democracy. Unless citizens can participate freely in the government process, democracy is not possible. While voting has been the primary way for individual citizens to make their voices heard in the political system, social changes and technical advancements have brought about an expansion of political activities. In keeping up with these changes, conceptualizations of citizen participation have been continuously debated and updated. In general terms, however, it refers to citizens' activities aimed at influencing political decisions. The study of citizen participation includes descriptions of new participatory landscapes, explanations for participatory inequalities, and explorations of complex power relations when citizens are invited to take part in decision‐making processes.
Dynamic Response and Damage Assessment of Partially Confined Metallic Cylinders Under Transverse Blast Loading

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An analysis of the dynamic response and damage assessment of partially confined metallic cylinders under transverse air-blast loading is presented in this paper. The examination of the blast shock wave load distribution and the consequences of standoff distances on the plastic deformation of cylinders was conducted with meticulous attention in the experimental testing. The charges of TNT were determined to have masses of 16.3 kg and 29.5 kg, while the distances at which they were placed from the target varied between 1.5 m and 4.25 m. Three unique deformation modes were found to exist in the unilaterally supported cylinder, all of which were directly connected to the distribution of the blast load. In order to obtain an improved understanding of the dynamic behaviors exhibited in cylinders, a finite element simulation model was utilized and subsequently validated using an examination of the experimental results. The assessment of shock wave damage was conducted by utilizing the residual deformation of the metallic cylinder as an equivalent characterization under lateral blast shock wave loading. The duration of the positive pressure zone of the shock wave was determined to be between one-fourth and ten times the vibration period of a unilaterally supported cylinder, indicating that the P-I (overpressure-impulse) criterion could be utilized for damage evaluation. The incorporation of the P-I criterion was subsequently employed to evaluate the detrimental consequences, taking into consideration the radial distribution of residual deformation identified in metal cylindrical shell constructions subjected to lateral blast shock wave loading. This research contributed to a better comprehension of the dynamic behavior of partially confined metallic cylinders subjected to lateral blast loading and highlights the significance of the P-I criterion for evaluating and mitigating the damage effects in such scenarios.
A Cell Line Derived from Sphingomyelinosis Mouse Shows Alterations in Intracellular Cholesterol Metabolism Similar to Those in Type C Niemann-Pick Disease

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cell lines derived from the sphingomyelinosis (gene symbol, spm) mouse were established from homozygous (spm/spm) and heterozygous (spm/+) embryos according to a rigid 3T3 transfer schedule. The SPM-3T3 cells derived from a homozygous embryo showed extensive accumulation of intracellular cholesterol, attenuated esterification of exogenously added cholesterol and increased de novo cholesterol synthesis, when compared to SPMH-3T3 cells derived from a heterozygous embryo. The phenotypic abnormalities were very similar to those observed in fibroblasts from patients with Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C), in which a defect in the intracellular transport of unesterified cholesterol is suggested. The genetic defect in SPM-3T3 cells should be closely related to that in NP-C. The SPM-3T3 cell line is useful for biochemical and genetic studies on the regulation of intracellular cholesterol metabolism.
Severe Clostridium difficile–Associated Disease in Populations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Clostridium difficile is a spore-forming, gram-positive bacillus that produces exotoxins that are pathogenic to humans. C. difficile–associated disease (CDAD) ranges in severity from mild diarrhea to fulminant colitis and death. Antimicrobial use is the primary risk factor for development of CDAD because it disrupts normal bowel flora and promotes C. difficile overgrowth. C. difficile typically has affected older or severely ill patients who are hospital inpatients or residents of longterm–care facilities. Recently, however, both the frequency and severity of health-care–associated CDAD has increased; from 2000 to 2001, the rate of U.S. hospital discharge diagnoses of CDAD increased by 26 % (1). One possible explanation for these increases is the emergence of a previously uncommon strain of C. difficile responsible for severe hospital outbreaks (2). Although individual cases of CDAD are not nationally
The Association Between Neighborhood Characteristics and Body Size and Physical Activity in the California Teachers Study Cohort

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Objectives. We considered interactions between physical activity and body mass index (BMI) and neighborhood factors. Methods. We used recursive partitioning to identify predictors of low recreational physical activity (< 2.5 hours/week) and overweight and obesity (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m 2 ) among 118 315 women in the California Teachers Study. Neighborhood characteristics were based on 2000 US Census data and Reference US business listings. Results. Low physical activity and being overweight or obese were associated with individual sociodemographic characteristics, including race/ethnicity and age. Among White women aged 36 to 75 years, living in neighborhoods with more household crowding was associated with a higher probability of low physical activity (54% vs 45% to 51%). In less crowded neighborhoods where more people worked outside the home, the existence of fewer neighborhood amenities was associated with a higher probability of low physical activity (51% vs 46%). Among non–African American middle-aged women, living in neighborhoods with a lower socioeconomic status was associated with a higher probability of being overweight or obese (46% to 59% vs 38% in high–socioeconomic status neighborhoods). Conclusions. Associations between physical activity, overweight and obesity, and the built environment varied by sociodemographic characteristics in this educated population.
Doppler Radar Vital Sign Detection Based on Complex Continuous Basis Pursuit Algorithm

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Doppler radar-based technique for noncontact vital sign detection has drawn increasing interest in recent years. In this paper, the signal model of human micro-motion is established and the Complex Continuous Basis Pursuit (CCBP)based vital sign detection algorithm for extracting the frequencies of human respiration and heartbeat signal is proposed. By exploiting the sparsity property of the established signal model, the proposed CCBP algorithm can extract the vital signal information by using the polar interpolation and the convex optimization problem solving technique. Simulation experiment results have verified the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed algorithm in the vital sign detection.
Antibiotics Use and Resistance: Assessment of Maternal Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices in District Peshawar

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Introduction: Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in response to improper antibiotic use. Bacteria may infect humans and animals and are harder to treat than those caused by non-resistant bacteria. Antibiotic resistance is a major health issue and has grown to be a global phenomenon. Objectives: This study assesses maternal knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding antibiotic use, the frequency of antibiotic usage without physicians 'prescriptions, and the association of knowledge, attitude, and practices with demographic variables. Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted in Private Teaching Hospitals from 12 June 2023 till 21 October 2023. A total of 377 mothers were included. Non-probability serial sampling technique was used. Descriptive statistics were used for demographic variables such as frequencies and percentages. Means and standard deviation were used for knowledge, attitude, and practices. The chi-square test assessed the association between demographic variables and knowledge, attitude, and practices, keeping statistical significance at 0.05. The confidence interval was reported for each variable understudy. Result: The maternal mean age was 27.74±4.9 years, and the mean number of children was 2.63±1.27. The mother’s knowledge of antibiotic usage was good, with 73%; however, 82.5% were ignorant, and 31.6% used antibiotics without prescription. Attitudes regarding possible consequences of resistance to antibiotics were quite concerning, with 76.18%. However, practices were very good, with 89.46%. Age and education were statistically significant in their knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding antibiotic use and resistance. Conclusion: Maternal knowledge of antibiotic usage and practices was sound. However, knowledge of "antibiotic resistance" and "attitudes" was poor.
Discharge of Foetal Bones by the Rectum

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The patient has been followed up for four years.There have been no further attacks, and she has been in good health.Investigation of the alimentary, renal, and biliary tracts revealed no possible source of origin of the enteroliths.Biochemical analysis indicated that they were composed mainly of organic debris, with some fat and lipoid matter, and a moderate amount of calcium and magnesium phosphates.
More molar distal movement than pretreatment cone-beam computed tomography posterior space available at the root level in mandibular dentition distalization with microimplants

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objectives To compare the mandibular posterior space available before treatment and the distance of molar distalization achieved after mandibular dentition distalization with microimplants. Materials and Methods A total of 66 Class I or III adult patients (mean age = 24.46 ± 4.89 years) who underwent molar distalization using microimplants were retrospectively included. The posterior space available distal to the second molar before treatment and the distance of distalization achieved after treatment were measured using axial cone-beam computed tomography images (0, 2, 4, and 6 mm apical to the second molar root furcation). Changes in lingual cortical thickness and molar root length after treatment were examined. Paired t -test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed to compare measurements before and after treatment. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationship between thinning of the cortical plate and root resorption. Results Achieved distalization distance was significantly greater than pretreatment posterior space available by 0.8 mm at all root levels ( P < .001). The difference was greater toward the root apex level and greater in the Class III group than the Class I group. Lingual cortical thickness was significantly decreased after treatment along with resorption of the second molar distal root ( P < .001). In addition, a positive correlation was found between thinning of the cortical plate and distal root resorption of the molar ( P < .001). Conclusions Achieved distalization distance of the mandibular molar using microimplants was greater than the pretreatment posterior space available. Thinning of the lingual cortex and root resorption were observed after distalization.
Risk Management in Drug Manufacturing and Healthcare

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Risks in healthcare have been abundantly documented and many efforts are invested in order to identify, assess and mitigate such risks. This chapter covers several areas related to risk management in drug manufacturing and healthcare delivery. First, it focuses on the quality of data on adverse events; that is, risks that have materialized. Next, it analyzes how much data is used in healthcare risk management. The chapter continues to discuss risk management of individual treatments and provides an in-depth example of dialysis of patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). It focuses on the manufacturer of drug products and explains how audits can be used to mitigate risks in the quality of the delivered drug product. Finally, the chapter focuses on drug manufacturing plants and risk events relative to quality compliance with current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) mandated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and other regulatory agencies. Controlled Vocabulary Terms risk analysis
Experimental Production of Cold Agglutinins in Rabbits

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The kinetics, serologic and immunochemical characteristics of cold agglutinins (CA) produced in rabbits by the intravenous injection of HKLM serotype 4b have been studied. The cold agglutinin was a γM-immunoglobulin. It agglutinated autologous, allogeneic and human erythrocytes at 4 C. In the presence of complement the CA was hemolytic in vitro and in vivo. The relevance of these observations to concepts of autoimmunity is discussed.
Hybrid approaches to peace and justice: The case of post-genocide Rwanda

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter explores the dynamics of hybrid peace through the Rwandan case in order to make two contributions to a discussion of hybridity. It shows that Rwanda's path to peace provides rich evidence of hybrid peacebuilding, particularly through the transitional justice system – gacaca – developed to deal with crimes of genocide. The chapter focuses on studies of Rwanda's 'local approaches' to argue that, in considering the nature of the peace being built, and the potential for hybrid solutions to enhance local agency, one must remain mindful of which 'local' actors are privileged and how hybrid efforts fit into wider political dynamics. Since the genocide the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) has drawn on pre-colonial models and practices in areas including the three: identity, social reconstruction and justice. The chapter discusses the genesis and pursuit of 'Rwandan solutions to Rwandan problems', in a context of dependence on external support.
The class of 2-dimensional neat reducts is not elementary

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

$SC$, $CA$, $QA$ and $QEA$ stand for the classes of Pinter's substitution algebras, Tarski's cylindric algebras, Halmos' quasipolyadic algebras and Halmos' quasipolyadic algebras with equality, respectively. Generalizing a result of Andréka and Németi on
The Mennonite Church in the Second World War

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article The Mennonite Church in the Second World War. By Guy Franklin Hershberger. Foreword by Harold S. Bender. (Scottdale, Pa.: Mennonite Publishing House, 1951. 308 pp. Index. $3.50.) Get access Jacob C. Meyer Jacob C. Meyer Western Reserve University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 39, Issue 2, September 1952, Page 353, https://doi.org/10.2307/1892221 Published: 01 September 1952
Freshwater bryozoans in the backwaters of the Danube and Traun Rivers south-east of Linz, Upper Austria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

E.R, M.G (2006): Freshwater bryozoans in the backwaters of the Danube and Traun Rivers south-east of Linz, Upper Austria. Linzer biologische Beiträge 38 (1): 77-91, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5434146