jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of several pesticides in water

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Contamination of surface and groundwater sources with pesticide residues has been of great concern for a long time and it is a major challenge for the preservation and sustainability of the environment. In order to accomplish the requirements of the European Directive 98/83/EC, we developed and validated an analytical method based on the combination of gas chromatography and tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) using solid-phase extraction as sample preparation. In this work nine pesticides were studied: molinate, simazine, atrazine, terbuthylazine, diazinon, alachlor, metalaxyl, metolachlor and pendimethalin. In order to get the best sensitivity and selectivity for each pesticide, several parameters of the tandem mass spectrometry were optimized using the MRM mode. Good linearity of the detector response was found for all pesticides at concentrations within the tested working range, with linear determination coefficients higher than 0.9988. Recoveries studies in several matrices with different fortification levels were performed, with recoveries between 77 and 115% with RSD lower than 9.5%. The MQLs obtained for these compounds were between 0.013 μg L−1 and 0.022 μg L−1, which were much lower than the maximum level established by the European legislation.
Book Reviews

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Book reviewed in this article: Contemporary Financial Intermediation . By STUART I. GREENBAUM and ANJAN V. THAKOR. Reminiscences of a Stock Operator . By EDWIN LEFÈVRE. New York: John Wiley&Sons Cases in Financial Engineering: Applied Studies of Financial Innovation . By SCOTT P. MASON, ROBERT C. MERTON, ANDRE F. PEROLD, and PETER TUFANO. Lease or Buy . By JAMES S. SCHALLHEIM. Boston
Occupational Disease, Workers' Compensation, and the Social Work Advocate

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Toxic substances in the workplace are a major cause of chronic disease and death. Although victims of work-related illnesses are eligible for workers' compensation, the overwhelming majority are not receiving their entitlements. The author describes ways in which social workers and other health professionals may become advocates to broaden the effectiveness of the workers' compensation system and to educate workers about the causes and prevention of occupational diseases.
Feminist geographies in Aotearoa New Zealand: cultural, social and political moments

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Aotearoa New Zealand is a nation of promise, potential and enigma: it was the first country in the world where women gained the vote in 1893 and now boasts the youngest woman world leader in 2017. It is also a postcolonial nation where structural racism, homophobia, and sexism persist, yet it has also given legal personhood to a river. Our Country Report foregrounds Aotearoa New Zealand feminist geographic scholarship that responds to, reflects, and sometimes resists such contrasts and contradictions at the national scale. We employ the lens of the 2017 national election to critically engage with current gendered and indigenous politics in the country. Analyzing these politics through three ‘feminist moments,’ our paper highlights the breadth and scope of current Aotearoa New Zealand feminist geographic scholarship and directions.
Effect of Surfactant as an Additive on the Formation of Asymmetric Polysulfone Membranes for Gas Separation

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The addition of a surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), to the casting solution increased the oxygen permeance through asymmetric polysulfone membranes significantly, while maintaining relatively high selectivity of oxygen over nitrogen. A phase inversion technique with partial solvent evaporation (0 to 15 min at 95°C) and a dual coagulation step using 2-propanol and water was used to prepare the asymmetric polysulfone membranes. The content of SDS in the solution was varied from 0 to 2.0 wt.%. The oxygen permeance showed a maximum at 1.0 wt.% of SDS for a given solvent evaporation time. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that the skin layer growth was very limited with an increase in the solvent evaporation time for the membranes prepared with SDS.
Investigation of action pattern of a novel chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate 4-O-endosulfatase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Recently, a novel CS/DS 4-O-endosulfatase was identified from a marine bacterium and its catalytic mechanism was investigated further (Wang, W., et. al (2015) J. Biol. Chem.290, 7823–7832; Wang, S., et. al (2019) Front. Microbiol.10, 1309). In the study herein, we provide new insight about the structural characteristics of the substrate which determine the activity of this enzyme. The substrate specificities of the 4-O-endosulfatase were probed by using libraries of structure-defined CS/DS oligosaccharides issued from synthetic and enzymatic sources. We found that this 4-O-endosulfatase effectively remove the 4-O-sulfate of disaccharide sequences GlcUAβ1-3GalNAc(4S) or GlcUAβ1-3GalNAc(4S,6S) in all tested hexasaccharides. The sulfated GalNac residue is resistant to the enzyme when adjacent uronic residues are sulfated as shown by the lack of enzymatic desulfation of GlcUAβ1-3GalNAc(4S) connected to a disaccharide GlcUA(2S)β1-3GalNAc(6S) in an octasaccharide. The 3-O-sulfation of GlcUA was also shown to hinder the action of this enzyme. The 4-O-endosulfatase exhibited an oriented action from the reducing to the non-reducing whatever the saturation or not of the non-reducing end. Finally, the activity of the 4-O-endosulfatase decreases with the increase in substrate size. With the deeper understanding of this novel 4-O-endosulfatase, such chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate (DS) sulfatase is a useful tool for exploring the structure–function relationship of CS/DS.
Transport of chloride ion through phospholipid bilayers mediated by synthetic ionophores

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Chloride has emerged as one of the most vigorously studied ions that occur in nature. A continuing motivation for the study of chloride transport lies in the pathological conditions that relate to or involve chloride transport. The goal of the organic, biological, or supramolecular chemist, thus, is to understand binding strength, binding dynamics, binding selectivity, transport selectivity and dynamics of chloride transporters. Various successful anion transporters or channels are now known, although detailed characterization and elaboration in most cases is ongoing. Several of these synthetic systems will be discussed in this review as we focus our discussion on the efforts to develop artificial transporters for chloride anions.
Calpastatin <i>CAST</i> and Androgen Receptor <i>AR</i> Gene Polymorphism Studyas Meat Quality Predictors in Reindeer <i>Rangifer tarandus</i>

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Marker-based selection on reindeer meat productivity is in the early stages of development, which requires the study of variability in candidate genes for meat productivity. We chose the calpastatin and androgen receptor genes as such genes to study. Polymorphisms and indels in the androgen receptor gene have been associated with height and weight characteristics in different domesticated animal species. Variation in the region of the calpastatin CAST gene, according to the results of many studies, has been associated with meat quality and meat productivity of livestock. Principal component analysis of CAST variability has grouped together wild and domestic deer from Yakutia, as well as wild and domestic deer from the Amur region, which implies gene flow between local breeds of domesticated deer and wild populations. Moreover, in the case of three microsatellite loci found in this study in the intron of the androgen receptor, principal component analysis separated wild and domestic deer.
A Minimum-Cost Consensus Model in Social Networks Derived From Uncertain Preferences

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The influence of mutual interaction behaviors on the opinions and consensus process has gradually emerged due to the information sharing in social networks. Currently, the cost of making individual decisions and the similarity between experts' decision behaviors are relatively less addressed in the social network decision process. Therefore, in this study, a consensus approach with the trust relationships and adjustment cost is proposed to fill in such a gap. The method is divided into three stages: 1) trust propagation; 2) weight allocation; and 3) consensus reaching. In the trust propagation phase, uninorm is extended to the uncertain theory and employed in the transmission and integration problems of trust relationships. In the weight allocation stage, the comprehensive weight is assigned based on network structure and strength of relationship. In the consensus-reaching process, two levels of consensus are considered: 1) consensus among individuals and 2) consensus between individuals and the collective group, and chance-constrained programming models are constructed to obtain collective decision opinions. Moreover, a comparative analysis is performed to clarify the effectiveness and advancement of the proposed consensus method.
Duality theorems for coinvariant subspaces of $H^1$

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let $θ$ be an inner function satisfying the connected level set condition of B. Cohn, and let $K^{1}_θ$ be the shift-coinvariant subspace of the Hardy space $H^1$ generated by $θ$. We describe the dual space to $K^{1}_θ$ in terms of a bounded mean oscillation with respect to the Clark measure $σ_α$ of $θ$. Namely, we prove that $(K^{1}_θ \cap zH^1)^* = {\rm BMO}(σ_α)$. The result implies a two-sided estimate for the operator norm of a finite Hankel matrix of size $n\times n$ via ${\rm BMO}(μ_{2n})$-norm of its standard symbol, where $μ_{2n}$ is the Haar measure on the group $\{ξ\in \mathbb{C}: ξ^{2n} = 1\}$.
Abstract 877: Novel role of truncated HMGA2 in regulating reactive oxygen species in prostate cancer cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

High mobility group A (HMGA2), a non-histone protein, is up-regulated in several cancers. Due to chromosomal rearrangement of HMGA2 gene, full-length or wild-type HMGA2 can be truncated leading to loss of the C-terminus and the 3'UTR. Both wild-type and truncated isoforms have been detected in uterine leiomyoma patients. However, the functional role of truncated HMGA2 has not been investigated. We hypothesize that truncated HMGA2 plays a role in prostate cancer progression. We analysed expression of wild-type vs truncated HMGA2 in a panel of prostate cancer cell lines using real-time PCR and western blot analyses. We utilized LNCaP cells stably overexpressing wild-type HMGA2 or truncated HMGA2 in LNCaP cells to detect the basal reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels using DCFDA dye. We analysed Jun-D expression, a putative downstream effector of HMGA2, by western blot analysis, and utilized siRNA to knockdown Jun-D. We performed migration and cell viability assays following Jun-D knockdown. Additionally, we performed proteomic analysis following immunoprecipitation with HMGA2 antibody in nuclear extracts from LNCaP cells overexpressing wild-type HMGA2 WT or cytoplasmic extracts from cells overexpressing truncated HMGA2. Finally, we utilized tissue microarray to analyse expression of HMGA2 by immunohistochemisty. Our results showed that prostate cancer cell lines expressed varying amounts of wild-type and truncated HMGA2. LNCaP cells overexpressing truncated HMGA2 exhibited increased nuclear expression of Jun-D, as well as increased ROS compared to LNCaP cells overexpressing wild-type HMGA2 or empty vector Neo control. Knockdown Jun-D in LNCaP cells overexpressing truncated HMGA2 abrogated ROS induction and cell migration with no effect on cell proliferation. Additionally, truncated HMGA2 interacted with a number of proteins, including Ras GTPase-activating protein-binding protein 1(G3BP1), a cytoplasmic stress granule protein that responds to oxidative stress. Truncated HMGA2 is mainly localized to the cytoplasm, and interestingly we also observed cytoplasmic HMGA expression in prostatic tissue with chronic inflammation. Therefore, truncated HMGA2 may promote prostate cancer progression via Jun-D-mediated ROS. GRANT SUPPORT: NIH 1P20MD002285 and NIH/NCRR/RCMI G12RR003062-22Citation Format: Ohuod Hawsawi, Veronica Henderson, Liza Burton, Jodi Dougan, Ana Cecillia Millena, Vanessa Adams, Elshaddai Z. White, Guang Di Wang, Qiang Zhang, Cimona Hinton, Shafiq Khan, Valerie Odero-Marah. Novel role of truncated HMGA2 in regulating reactive oxygen species in prostate cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 877.
The politics of regulating religion : state, civil society and the quest for religious freedom in modern Indonesia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study analyses the state involvement in religious life in modern Indonesia. It will focus on how the state has constructed a variety of policies on religion. At the heart of this issue is a tension between ensuring religious order and harmony on the one hand, and protecting religious freedom on another. Successive Indonesia governments have grappled with problem but have increasingly prioritized order and harmony over the rights of Indonesian citizens. The state role on religion is implicitly justified in the Pancasila (the Five Principles), the Indonesian ideology, which includes the principle of Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa (generic meaning: the belief in 'Almighty God'). This First Principle of Pancasila becomes the main basis for the acknowledgement of religiosity in the state system. It has also encompassed a variety of legal arrangements like the Constitution and lawmaking as well as political activism in modem Indonesia. Nevertheless, the contest over interpreting the meaning of Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa particularly by Muslim activists was also apparent. At the end, the insertion of an 'Islamic interpretation' of the loose clause of Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa has had a certain impact upon the issuing of state policies based on Islamic precepts. In turn this Muslim-based interpretation on this principle has served the main paramount of the government in intervening religious life. Hence, while the Indonesian constitutions have preserved religious freedom, by the same token it has also tended to construct wide-ranging discretionary powers in the government to control religion and to oversee religious freedom. Thus, regulations on religious affairs often end up not protecting religious rights, but rather undermine them. This is because those regulations reflect majority concerns instead upholding minority rights. The cases to point out are a number of regulations on religious affairs that are tended to be discriminative and restrictive towards the minorities groups such as the aliran kebatinan (Javanese mysticism), local religions and the Ahmadiyah groups in Indonesia. Overall this study argues that the history of the politics of regulating religion has been about what I call 'the constant negotiation' for the boundaries of authority in regulating religious affairs between the state and the majority. In this vein the government is eager to oversee and strictly control religious activities, but at the same time the majority group is interested to steer the direction of the state to be closer to their norms and values. This condition remains in Indonesian stage even until today.
Household Land Allocations and the Youth Land Access Nexus: Evidence from the Techiman Area of Ghana

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Building inclusive societies that reflect the needs of all categories of people within the social spectrum is critical to achieving sustainable development. This is reflected in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which among things seek to ‘by 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex. This places enormous tasks on all governments especially in developing countries like Ghana to ensure that the youth are not left behind in access and control over land as a building block for economic empowerment. This task is particularly critical in view of the sheer numbers of the youth and yet economically marginalized underpinned by high levels of unemployment and underemployment. This case study investigates the youth land rights within the context of household landholdings and allocations dynamics. The study took place in the Techiman area in Ghana. The study sampled 455 youth and 138 household heads. The study revealed that household lands are important building block for majority of the youth in the Techiman area. It gives them a sense of security in the usage. However, the youth’s ability to depend on this source to kick start independence economic life is beset with land scarcity, non-allocation and accumulation by the lineage heads who have prerogative over household lands. The study underscores the need for social welfare scheme for the aged farmers so that they can timely release land to the younger ones without fearing for what to sustain them. There is also the need for government to create land banks to support the willing youth to engage in agriculture.
Power masking and different frequency reuse schemes in 4G OFDMA downlink

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Modern 4G OFDMA-based networks are supposed to provide high data rate access to users. In such networks, strong co-channel inference at cell edge is the key issue that dramatically degrades quality of services in the area. Several novel frequency reuse schemes have been proposed and studied with the aim of solving the problem. In this work, those schemes were investigated using a practical simulation model assuming that traffic was crowded. The dependence of blocking and dropping probabilities versus user’s data rate of different schemes was considered. The performance of those frequency reuse schemes was compared. It is shown that while most of them enhanced QoS and fairness in the system, some even made the situation worse.
Hot Water Systems with Low Concentrations of Legionellae May Be a Risk on Cruise Ships

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Water systems contaminated with legionellae cause outbreaks and sporadic cases of Legionella pneumonia. Legionellae are ubiquitous in water systems. In most clinical cases the source of infection can be confirmed only by using typing methods that discriminate between the patient and the environmental isolates. Water samples were analyzed using Legionella isolation standard method ISO 11731, completed by additional concentration with centrifugation (6,000 X g, 10 min). The legionella concentrations varied from 5 to 2,000 CFU/liter; the highest concentration was found in the tap water sample. The strains were L. pneumophila serogroup 1. The thermophilic heterotrophic bacteria concentration was highest (3.0 X 106 CFU/liter) in the tap water sample that contained the highest legionella counts. The mesophilic bacteria content was the highest in the legionella positive shower sample (5.9 X 107 CFU/liter). The L. pneumonia case of the 61-year-old man was detected only by the urinary antigen method. Therefore, conclusive evidence of the source of this particular infection could not be confirmed. Since the incubation time for legionella infection can vary from 2 to 10 days, it is possible that the infection was contracted elsewhere, such as the patient's home.
Evaluation of a blind technique for peri-articular injection in patients with lumbar facet syndrome: a retrospective study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Low back pain induced by facet joint problems is a healthcare issue with great importance. Regardless of the routine rehabilitative and conservative care, injection therapies targeting nerve roots or facet joints play a vital role in alleviating the related pain and confirming the diagnosis of facet joint problems. Currently, imaging modalities, such as Computed Tomography (CT) scan or fluoroscopy, are widely used for facet joint injection guidance. Considering the limitations of previous blind techniques and the inconvenience of the imaging-guided injection techniques, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a straightforward and fast blind technique for peri-articular facet injections. Methodology: The present retrospective study included the medical records of 111 patients with lumbar facet syndrome who underwent peri-articular injection using the blind technique. The patients' demographic data, such as age and gender, were extracted from their records. Moreover, the clinical data, including the patients' pain assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the related disability assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and the patients' satisfaction scores, were recorded pre-intervention and one-month post-intervention. Results: The present study included 111 patients. 62 patients (55.8%) were female, while 49 (44.2%) were male. The participants' mean age was 48.3±55 years. According to our findings, the mean VAS score reduced significantly 2 and 4 weeks following the injection compared to pre-intervention assessments (P <0.001). Moreover, the mean ODI score was significantly improved one-month post-injection compared to the baseline assessments (P <0.001). Also, 83.7% of the patients reported a moderate to high (≥level 4)satisfaction level 1 month following the injection. Eventually, no post-injection complication was reported in the patients. Conclusion: According to our findings, we concluded that this blind technique proved to be practical, easy-to-use, and reliable in the short-term alleviation of facetogenic lumbar We believe that our technique is a safe and quick pain management procedure in outpatient settings.
Efficiency in linear fractional vector maximization problem with nonlinear constraints

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract A vector maximum problem (VMP) with linear fractional objectives and non-linear constraints is considered and a condition is derived which is both necessary and sufficient for an efficient solution of (VMP). This study subsumes the results of Isekmann [3] and Kaul and Gupta [4]. AMS 1980 Subject Classifications: Primary: 90 C 31Secondary: 90 C 32Keywords: Vector optimizationlinear fractional programmingefficient points
Natural History of Procinura aemula (Serpentes: Colubridae) From Chínipas, Chihuahua, Mexico

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract We examined several aspects of the biology of Procinura aemula, including diet, sexual dimorphism, and clutch size, from Chínipas, Chihuahua, Mexico. Diet of P. aemula was composed entirely of invertebrates. Orthopterans and crickets were the majority of the diet, both numerically and volumetrically. Prey size was significantly related to snake size (snout–vent length, head size). There was no sexual dimorphism in snout–vent length or head size. Mean clutch size was 4.6 eggs. Clutch size tended to increase with snout–vent length of females, but the trend was not statistically significant.