jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The problematics of Qur'an teaching in Singapore's half-time Madrasah

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The half-time madrasah is an outgrowth of the earliest institutions of Islamic learning in Singapore. Half-term madrasah offers religious education for students attending mainstream schools. The half-term madrasa curriculum uses an Islamic religious education model called "Program aLIVE," or Learning Islamic Values Every Day. However, it is observed that students who have the potential to read the Qur'an well and correctly are low. This article tries to explain some of the problems that become obstacles to learning the Qur'an in Madrasah Separuh Masa. The research method used is a type of qualitative research with a literature study approach. The data used is sourced from observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show that there are several challenges that become problematic in the process of teaching the Qur'an at Madrasah Separuh Masa Singapore. First, the lack of learning time, limited human resources, the difficulty of building student motivation, and Qur'an teaching methods. Abstrak Madrasah separuh masa merupakan hasil perkembangan dari institusi pembelajaran agama Islam paling awal di Singapura. Madrasah separuh masa menawarkan pendidikan agama bagi siswa yang mengikuti sekolah umum. Kurikulum madrasah separuh masa menggunakan model Pendidikan Agama Islam yang disebut dengan “Programme aLIVE” atau Learning Islamic Values Every Day. Namun demikian, dari hasil pengamatan didapat hasil bahwa siswa yang berpotensi bisa membaca Al-Qur’an dengan baik dan benar rendah. Artikel ini mencoba memaparkan beberapa problem yang menjadi kendala dalam pembelajaran Al-Qur’an di Madrasah Separuh Masa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah jenis penelitian kualitatifdengan pendekatan studi pustaka. Data yang digunakan bersumber dari observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa ada beberapa tantangan yang menjadi problematika dalam proses pengajaran al-Qur’an di Madrasah Separuh Masa Singapura. Pertama, kurangnya waktu pembelajaran, keterbatasan sumber daya manusia, sulitnya membangun motivasi siswa, dan metode pengajaran Al-Qur’an.
Action-research using Participatory Video. A learning experience in San Lorenzo, Castellón, Spain.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of this paper is to analyse a Participatory \nAction Research (PAR) process undertook as part \nof a summer school in 2014, in the neighbourhood \nof San Lorenzo, Castellón–Spain. The methodology \nof Participatory Video (PV) was used to introduce \naction learning amongst attending international \nstudents; to visualize the work of local practitioners \nand to enhance the voice of the local community. To \ncarry out the analysis of this experience, an original \nframework is developed (the ePARC cube). The cube \nfeatures three axes that represent the dimensions \nthe PV process touches upon: 1. participation, 2. \nknowledge, and 3. public deliberation. From this \nthree dimensional perspective, we argue that a \ngenuine participatory process raises issues that \noften cross-cut. We conclude that to take full \nadvantage of the momentum a PV process could \nreach in a community to affect social change; more \nengagement from policy makers should be sought.
Status and conservation of the only population of the Vulnerable owl-faced monkey Cercopithecus hamlyni in Rwanda

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The elusive, Vulnerable owl-faced monkey Cercopithecus hamlyni is a rare and little studied species and one of the least known of the African Cercopithecidae. This study describes the distribution and relative abundance of the only known population in East Africa, in Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda. This species is restricted to a small (32 km 2 ) area of bamboo and bamboo–forest mix in the southern sector of the Park, close to the international border with Burundi. We present the first empirical data of its abundance in the bamboo forests of Nyungwe. A total length of 185 km of transect were surveyed to estimate relative abundance of diurnal primates. Encounter rates with the owl-faced monkey were 0.081 groups km -1 (n = 15). Mean group size was 3.6 individuals. Eight independent photographs of C. hamlyni were obtained from five camera traps during 182 camera-days. Four other species of primates occur in the bamboo forest: eastern chimpanzee Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii , Angola colobus Colobus angolensis , L’Hoest’s monkey Cercopithecus l’hoesti and blue monkey Cercopithecus mitis . The main threats to the bamboo forest are from the illegal harvesting of bamboo, trapping and tree-cutting. These threats originate from both Rwanda and Burundi. There is an urgent need for conservation action to halt the destruction and degradation of the bamboo forest and to ensure the long-term survival of the owl-faced monkey in Rwanda.
Family Breakup and Adolescents' Psychosocial Maladjustment: Public Health Implications of Family Disruptions

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVES. Recent changes in family structure are associated with an increase in psychosocial maladjustment in adolescents. We examined, from a public health intervention perspective, the association between family breakup and psychosocial maladjustment in adolescents and assessed the mediating role of family-functioning variables. METHODS. We analyzed data from the Social and Health Survey of Children and Adolescents in Quebec, Montreal, Canada, which was conducted in 1999. Sample-weighted logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the risk of internalizing disorders, externalizing disorders, substance abuse, and alcohol consumption in relation to family breakups and family-functioning variables, after adjusting for socioeconomic factors. RESULTS. All 4 of the indicators of psychosocial maladjustment were significantly associated with family breakup. The association between family breakups and internalizing disorders was mediated by parental psychological distress and low paternal emotional support. Independently, the witnessing of interparental violence was also strongly associated with internalizing disorders. For the other 3 outcomes, that is, externalizing disorders, substance abuse, and alcohol consumption, family breakup and family-functioning variables had independent effects. CONCLUSIONS. Family-based interventions and social approaches are complementary support modalities for adolescents experiencing family disruptions.
History of Apologetics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Extract The Progress of Apologetics Even after Christianity had already become the state religion, apologetics still always had very great significance. Cyril of Alexandria championed its practical concerns in his apologetic works directed against the emperor Julian. But, just as Julian’s three books written against the Christians provided nothing essentially new, despite the vehemence and bitterness of his attack on Christianity in which he saw in it merely a mixture of the worst features of Judaism and paganism, so also their refutation by Cyril offered nothing of consequence for the history of apologetics. Far more important, and to be seen as the advance of apologetics to its scientific articulation, is the fact that the three major apologists, Athanasius, Eusebius of Caesarea, and Augustine, understood the task of apologetics from the perspective of the philosophy of religion and the history of religion, and from this point of view, in a way analogous to some of the Gnostic systems, sought to portray Christianity, vis-à-vis the whole preceding development of world history and religious history, as the power that overarches everything, that is, as the absolute religion. According to Athanasius, paganism and Christianity were related [respectively] to each other as the lost and rediscovered Logos, or as sin and redemption, sensuous and rational consciousness. Eusebius advanced the proof, in religio-historical fashion, that Christians have renounced pagan religion with sound knowledge of the rational and self-evident grounds for doing so, and that Christianity, as Christendom (als Christianismus), in distinction from both Judaism and Hellenism, is not merely the renewal and restoration but also the fulfillment and consummation of the original religion of the Old Testament.
Conclusion

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

It is fitting that we should have ended with three chapters which, in their willingness to align Russian and Western screens in direct, cross-cultural juxtaposition with one another, represent a microcosm of the volume as a whole. In order to confirm the significance of that juxtaposition, and thus to bring the volume to a close, it would be helpful to remind ourselves how the juxtaposition was accomplished via a brief recapitula­tion of the argument pursued in each chapter, taking care to adumbrate themes that recur across the volume.
Secondary Traumatic Stress and Vicarious Posttraumatic Growth among nurses during three COVID-19 lockdowns in Greece

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Introduction Since the onset of the pandemic, nurses have been repeatedly exposed to their patients’ COVID-19-related traumatic experiences. Therefore, they are at high risk for Secondary Traumatic Stress (STS), the stress syndrome resulting from helping others who are suffering. Positive psychological outcomes following this vicarious exposure are also likely. Vicarious posttraumatic growth (VPTG) refers to the positive changes from working with patients who themselves have coped with traumatic experiences. Objectives This study aims to examine STS and VPTG among 429 nurses during three lockdowns of the COVID-19 pandemic in Greece. Methods A repeated cross-sectional survey with a convenience and snowball sampling procedure was conducted. The Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (STSS), the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), the Brief Resilience Scale, and the Brief Cope (BC) were used to measure STS, VPTG, resilience, and coping strategies, respectively. Results Nurses in Greece demonstrated high levels of STS at the first lockdown, significantly lower in the second one, which raised again -but not significantly- in the third lockdown. Resilience significantly decreased, whereas VPTG significantly increased across the three lockdowns. Following the escalation of the pandemic nurses in general used significantly more adaptive and less maladaptive coping strategies to deal with the crisis. Conclusions Further research is needed to clarify the longitudinal course of the negative and positive psychological effects of the pandemic on healthcare staff. Conclusions can guide the development of interventions to safeguard nurses from the deleterious impacts of the COVID-19 and support them in their process of growth. Disclosure No significant relationships.
Biology aphis gosypii on pogostemon cablin

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Aphids ( Aphis gossypii) are the main problem in patchouli plants ( Pogostemon cablin ). The presence of aphids on patchouli plants is very worried by farmers, because it can damage patchouli plants by feeding the leaf which can reduces plant growth. Therefore, it is neccesary to learn more about biological of A. gossypii on patchouli plants. A gossypii was taken from Nino Park, Syiah Kuala University and Lamteuba, Aceh Besar. The patchouli used was the result of maintaining cuttings for two months to be used as an object of observation. Infestation A gossypii was carried out in 10 observation polybags. Observations were made by looking at the development time of A. gossypii including the nymph phase (instar I-IV) and imago A. gossypii. The experiment showed that the life cycle of A. gossypii lasted for 23.8 ± 4.76 days. A. gossypii had four instar stages, duration time needed each instar is 2 days, it means the duration of nymphal stage A. gossypii on patchouli is 8.8 days. The lifecyle of imago A. gossypii is 15 days. There were two types of imago, winged and wingless aphids imago, caused the population density of aphids on a plant.
Intraoperative Margin Control in Transoral Approach for Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives Piecemeal resection provides an innovative conceptual tool for margins surveillance because it entails the intraoperative evaluation of the whole resection margins and not just sample points, which should result in a better control of deep margins compared to en bloc resection. Although it is recognized that the intraoperative use of narrow band imaging (NBI) results in a better control of superficial margins, in this exploratory study we investigated whether NBI and piecemeal resection could be used in combination to improve margin control at both superficial and deep levels. Because piecemeal resection is based on frozen section analysis, we wanted to verify its reliability compared to definitive histological examination. Methods The status of resection margins in a group of patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancers treated with NBI and laser CO2 piecemeal resection (group 1) was compared with that of an historical group of patients (group 2) treated with NBI and conventional en bloc resection. In group 1, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were used to verify the rate of concordance between frozen section and definitive histology. Results The difference between deep positive margins in the two groups was statistically significant ( P = 0.042). The high sensitivity and specificity (94.6% and 94.7%, respectively) of frozen section analysis also demonstrated its reliability in the examination of larger samples corresponding to the whole margin. Conclusion Even if our findings are limited by the small number of patients, we are confident that the combined use of NBI and piecemeal resection could represent an attractive surgical strategy to improve margin control. Level of Evidence 2b Laryngoscope , 129:1810–1815, 2019
Representation of texts in structured form

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Although the existing knowledge representation techniques, ranging from the relational databases to the most recent Semantic web languages, are successfully applied in numerous practical applications, they are still unable to represent the information contained in text documents and web pages in structured form, suitable for productive text processing. Text files can represent text documents with no loss of information, however, this information is represented in an unstructured form. Various knowledge formalisms used in different phases of Natural Language Understanding, such as lexical, syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and discourse analysis, are still unable to represent texts in structured form with no loss of information. In this paper, we define the crucial requirements for structured text representation and then, we give a brief introduction to a representation technique that fulfills all these requirements, including the basic data types and learning techniques used to create, maintain and interpret the resulting representation formalism.
Studies on the Transferability of Common Wheat (T. Aestivum) Microsatellites (SSR) Markers Used in Thinopyrum intermedium

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

525 pairs of common wheat SSRs primers distributed in the total genomes of T.aestivum were used to identify the transferability in Thinopyrum intermedium and to analyze the genetic relationship between T.aestivum and Thinopyrum intermedium.The results were as follows:202 pairs SSRs primers amplified polymorphism between T.aestivum and Thinopyrum intermedium,which polymorphic percentage was 38.4%.And the polymorphic percentage between T.aestivum on genome A,B,D and Thinopyrum intermedium was 34.6%,36.9% and 42.2% respectively.These results showed that wheat SSRs primers can be used in Thinopyrum intermedium;the genetic relationship between T.aestivum on genome D and Thinopyrum intermedium was far than that of on genome A,B,which indicated that there was genetic differentiation within T.aestivum genome A,B,and D.
MSJ851245_Supplementary_file_3 – Supplemental material for Reproductive history of the Danish multiple sclerosis population: A register-based study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplemental material, MSJ851245_Supplementary_file_3 for Reproductive history of the Danish multiple sclerosis population: A register-based study by Julie Yoon Moberg, Bjarne Laursen, Lau Caspar Thygesen and Melinda Magyari in Multiple Sclerosis Journal
SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATION: Two years after the launch: An update on the BioOne electronic publishing initiative

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

La base de donnee BioOne et son modele economique innovant sont le resultat de la cooperation entre les bibliotheques academiques et les societes scientifiques americaines. Deux ans apres son lancement, BioOne a reussi a s'imposer en tant qu'alternative academique valable pour l'edition scientifique electronique des revues des societes scientifiques, tout en constituant pour les bibliotheques universitaires un moyen d'acquerir une litterature scientifique de qualite a un cout raisonnable.
Probing surface degradation pathways of charged nickel-oxide cathode materials using machine-learning methods

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

While nickel-based layered oxide cathodes offer promising energy and power densities in lithium-ion batteries, they suffer from instability when fully delithiated upon charge. Ex-situ studies often report a structural degradation of the charged cathode materials, but the precise mechanism is still poorly understood on the atomic scale. In this work, we combine high level DFT calculations with molecular dynamics using machine-learning interatomic potentials to study structural degradation of fully delithiated LiNiO2 surfaces at the top of charge. We find a previously unreported, stable reconstruction of the (012) facet, with more facile oxygen loss compared to the pristine surfaces, and an oxygen vacancy formation energy closely corresponding to experimental decomposition temperatures of charged cathodes. Furthermore, we use molecular dynamics simulations to sample Ni ion migration into alkali-layer sites that is a kinetically plausible initiation step for surface degradation towards thermodynamically stable products.
Characterization of BCE-1, a Transcriptional Enhancer Regulated by Prolactin and Extracellular Matrix and Modulated by the State of Histone Acetylation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We have previously described a 160-bp enhancer (BCE-1) in the bovine beta-casein gene that is activated in the presence of prolactin and extracellular matrix (ECM). Here we report the characterization of the enhancer by deletion and site-directed mutagenesis, electrophoretic mobility shift analysis, and in vivo footprinting. Two essential regions were identified by analysis of mutant constructions: one binds C/EBP-beta and the other binds MGF/STAT5 and an as-yet-unidentified binding protein. However, no qualitative or quantitative differences in the binding of these proteins were observed in electrophoretic mobility shift analysis using nuclear extracts derived from cells cultured in the presence or absence of ECM with or without prolactin, indicating that prolactin- and ECM-induced transcription was not dependent on the availability of these factors in the functional cell lines employed. An in vivo footprinting analysis of the factors bound to nuclear chromatin in the presence or absence of ECM and/or prolactin found no differences in the binding of C/EBP-beta but did not provide definitive results for the other factors. Neither ECM nor prolactin activated BCE-1 in transient transfections, suggesting that the chromosomal structure of the integrated template may be required for ECM-induced transcription. Further evidence is that treatment of cells with inhibitors of histone deacetylase was sufficient to induce transcription of integrated BCE-1 in the absence of ECM. Together, these results suggest that the ECM induces a complex interaction between the enhancer-bound transcription factors, the basal transcriptional machinery, and a chromosomally integrated template responsive to the acetylation state of the histones.
Triticum aestivum AGG 1034229 WHEA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Triticum aestivum
Common name(s): Wheat
Other names: CMSS12Y00734T-099TOPM-099Y-099M-0SY-56M-0WGY
Conserved by: Australian Grains Genebank, DEECA (AGG), Australia
Local sample unique identifier: AGG 1034229 WHEA
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2017-11-07
Other identifiers: n/a,584998, n/a,7629772, n/a,94
Historical: No
Biological status: Breeding/research material
MLS status: Included
Effect of Unani medicine in the treatment of hepatocellular jaundice (Yaraqān Asfar: NUMC: F-70)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Jaundice is clinically manifested by yellowish discoloration of the sclera, skin, mucous membranes, and body fluids caused by hyperbilirubinemia. The most common type of jaundice is hepatocellular jaundice, which is mainly caused by hepatitis viruses. In Unani medicine, this condition is called “ yaraqān ’ and is prevalent in developing countries, including India. Several Unani single drugs and polyherbal pharmacopoeial preparations are recommended for the treatment of several liver ailments, including hepatocellular jaundice. A 21-year-old male patient visited Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine (RRIUM), Chennai, with complaints of yellowish discoloration of the sclera, skin, mucous membranes, and urine, nausea, vomiting, and poor appetite for 1 week. At baseline, the laboratory reports of the patients showed severe hyperbilirubinemia along with the elevation of other liver enzymes, but the HBsAg was found to be negative. Based on clinical observations and laboratory findings, the patient was diagnosed with hepatocellular jaundice, which might be due to the Hepatitis E virus. The Unani pharmacopoeial preparations, such as Habb-i-Hilteet, Ma’jun Dabid al-Ward , Jigreen, and Araq-i-Kasni , were given to the patient by oral route for 8 days in the IPD of RRIUM, Chennai. During clinical observations, it was found that the yellow discoloration of the sclera and mucous membranes, nausea, vomiting, and lack of appetite subsided promptly. The liver biomarkers, such as total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase, also declined significantly, even to be found within the normal range. The main objective of this case report is to re-emphasize the effectiveness of Unani medicine, particularly in treating hepatocellular jaundice. Hence, the significant data reported in this case report may help to increase awareness about the Unani system of medicine among the general public and scientific community.
Spreading of Water: Condensation Effects

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Although the macroscopic, bulk behavior of liquids wetting (or dewetting) can be adequately explained by viscous flow, the intricate details near the solid/liquid/fluid triple line (TL) are still not totally appreciated.These two aspects correspond to the bases of the hydrodynamic approach and of the molecular kinetics approach, respectively, to explain spreading. We have suggested a complementary model to that of molecular kinetics, based on the modified curvature of a dynamic, wetting meniscus near the TL, which leads to local condensation of vapor from the surrounding atmosphere, further contributing to motion. An earlier paper dealt with liquids whose thin film behavior (i.e., near the TL) is dominated by long-range van der Waals forces. Here, we turn our attention to the spreading of water. Basic equations are modified to allow for non-negligible meniscus slope and then applied to a model for water, consisting of two different, thickness dependent, disjoining pressure isotherms.