jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Rainfall Differences and Possible Causes of Similar-Track Tropical Cyclones Affected and Unaffected by Binary Tropical Cyclones (BTCs) in China

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Binary tropical cyclones (BTCs) typically refer to the coexistence of two tropical cyclones (TCs) within a specific distance range, often resulting in disastrous rainstorms in coastal areas of China. However, the differences in rainfall and underlying causes between BTC-influenced typhoons and general typhoons remain unclear. In this article, the TC closer to the rainfall center in the BTC is referred to as the target typhoon (tTC), while the other is termed the accompanying typhoon (cmp_TC). This study compares and analyzes the rainfall differences and potential causes of tTCs and similar typhoons (sim_TC) with a comparable track but which are unaffected by BTCs from 1981 to 2020. The results show that: (1) On average, tTCs and cmp_TCs experience 18.79% heavier maximum daily rainfall compared to general TCs, with a significantly increased likelihood of rainfall ≥250 mm. (2) Given similar tracks, the average rainfall for tTCs (212.62 mm) is 30.2% heavier than that for sim_TCs (163.30 mm). (3) The analysis of potential impact factors on rainfall (translation speed, intensity, direction change) reveals that sim_TCs move at an average of 21.38 km/h, which is about 19.66% faster than the 17.87 km/h of tTCs, potentially accounting for the observed differences in rainfall. (4) Further investigation into the causes of west–east oriented BTC rainfall in the Northern Fujian (N_Fujian) region suggests that water vapor transport and slowing down of the translation speed are the possible mechanisms of BTC influence. Specifically, 80% of tTCs receive water vapor from the direction of their cmp_TC, and the steering flow for tTC is only 59.88% of that for sim_TC.
Computational Identification and Systematic Classification of Novel Cytochrome P450 Genes in Salvia miltiorrhiza

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

<div><p><i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i> is one of the most economically important medicinal plants. Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) genes have been implicated in the biosynthesis of its active components. However, only a dozen full-length CYP450 genes have been described, and there is no systematic classification of CYP450 genes in <i>S. miltiorrhiza</i>. We obtained 77,549 unigenes from three tissue types of <i>S. miltiorrhiza</i> using RNA-Seq technology. Combining our data with previously identified CYP450 sequences and scanning with the CYP450 model from Pfam resulted in the identification of 116 full-length and 135 partial-length CYP450 genes. The 116 genes were classified into 9 clans and 38 families using standard criteria. The RNA-Seq results showed that 35 CYP450 genes were co-expressed with CYP76AH1, a marker gene for tanshinone biosynthesis, using r≥0.9 as a cutoff. The expression profiles for 16 of 19 randomly selected CYP450 obtained from RNA-Seq were validated by qRT-PCR. Comparing against the KEGG database, 10 CYP450 genes were found to be associated with diterpenoid biosynthesis. Considering all the evidence, 3 CYP450 genes were identified to be potentially involved in terpenoid biosynthesis. Moreover, we found that 15 CYP450 genes were possibly regulated by antisense transcripts (r≥0.9 or r≤–0.9). Lastly, a web resource (SMCYP450, <a href="http://www.herbalgenomics.org/samicyp450" target="_blank">http://www.herbalgenomics.org/samicyp450</a>) was set up, which allows users to browse, search, retrieve and compare CYP450 genes and can serve as a centralized resource.</p></div>
Changes in Metabolite and Protein Expression Profiles of Atypical Dark-cutting and Normal-pH Beef

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The color of meat is an important deciding factor in consumers’ assessment of meat quality. To meat buyers, the bright cherry-red color of meat indicates freshness and wholesomeness. However, atypical dark-cutting beef represents dark-colored meat with a muscle pH between 5.6 and 5.8. Although previous studies have indicated that the ultimate pH of atypical dark-cutting beef is greater than normal, the mechanistic basis for the occurrence is not clear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify protein and metabolite profiles of normal and atypical dark-cutting beef. Longissimus thoracic (LT) muscles from 12 different animals (6 atypical dark-cutters and 6 normal-pH beef) were analyzed by comparing changes in metabolites and protein profiles using GC-MS non-targeted metabolomics and LC-MS/MS-based proteomics, respectively. Metabolomics analysis showed down-regulation of glycolytic metabolites such as glucose-6-phosphate, lactose, and glucose, indicating a reduced capacity to accumulate lactate postmortem in atypical dark-cutters compared with normal-pH beef. Mass spectrometry analysis identified 66 proteins with significant changes in protein expression profiles (P &lt; 0.05) between atypical and normal-pH beef. Of these, 22 proteins were up-regulated while 14 were down-regulated in atypical dark-cutting beef. Functional annotation and protein-protein interaction network analyses revealed that up-regulated proteins such as NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A7, ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 2, 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1, cytochrome b5 reductase 3, actinin alpha 4, tropomyosin 2, heat shock protein beta-7, and DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member B4 are involved in energy synthesis, muscle contraction and stress responses. By contrast, down-regulated proteins, including phosphofructokinase, glycogen phosphorylase, amylo-alpha-1,6-glucosidase, phosphorylase kinase regulatory subunit alpha and gamma are involved in glycogen metabolism. In summary, lower glycolytic metabolites and glycogen degradation enzymes are associated with differences in muscle pH and color of atypical dark-cutting beef.
Structural analysis of the identity of the individual as the basis for the organization of individual approach in teaching children with profound disabilities

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The following paper considers the concepts personality, individual, individuality which are necessary for the interpretation of the concepts individualization and individual approach which in their turn are considered to be interrelated and functionally determined means of ensuring the success of social development of the personality. The author considers the views of our domestic scholars on identity and factors of its development, which are presented from different points of view, on the processes of personality development and its structure. The author also demonstrates the relation between different theories and views that reflect certain aspects of personality. The paper also contains a review of a typical personality structure in order to substantiate approaches to the study of individuality of a child with disabilities. The article shows the contribution of L.S. Vygotsky to the theoretical and experimental research of psychological nature of personality. The author emphasizes that in clinical and individual psychology there has been more interest to the ideas of A. Adler who described the development of personality at different age periods. The material helps to understand that it is necessary to study individual approach to children with disabilities, having a different structure of the defect.
The conceptual basis for a decision support framework to assess the risk of phosphorus loss at the field scale across Europe

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We report a conceptual framework for a simple screening tool to evaluate the vulnerability of different fields in the landscape to phosphorus (P) loss within the European agricultural context. Our work builds on the principles established for the P Index system developed in the United States. We examine the differing needs and criteria for a range of EU member states and EFTA countries and highlight essential and optional criteria for inclusion in the decision support framework depending on their ecoregional characteristics. A framework such as this, meets in principle, the needs of the COST832 Action ‘ Quantifying the Agricultural Contribution to Eutrophication ’ as it deals with diffuse nutrient sources from agriculture, and aids more targeted use of practical strategies to mitigate nutrient losses to minimise the potential for the eutrophication of receiving waters.
MLICv2: Enhanced Multi-Reference Entropy Modeling for Learned Image Compression

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recent advances in learned image compression (LIC) have achieved remarkable performance improvements over traditional codecs. Notably, the MLIC series—LICs equipped with multi-reference entropy models—have substantially surpassed conventional image codecs such as Versatile Video Coding (VVC) Intra. However, existing MLIC variants suffer from several limitations: performance degradation at high bit-rates due to insufficient transform capacity, suboptimal entropy modeling that fails to capture global correlations in initial slices, and lack of adaptive channel importance modeling. In this paper, we propose MLICv2 and MLICv2 \({}^{+}\) , enhanced successors that systematically address these limitations through improved transform design, advanced entropy modeling, and exploration of the potential of instance-specific optimization. For transform enhancement, we introduce a lightweight token mixing block inspired by the MetaFormer architecture, which effectively mitigates high-bit-rate performance degradation while maintaining computational efficiency. For entropy modeling improvements, we propose hyperprior-guided global correlation prediction to extract global context even in the initial slice of latent representation, complemented by a channel reweighting module that dynamically emphasizes informative channels. We further explore enhanced positional embedding and guided selective compression strategies for superior context modeling. Additionally, we apply the Stochastic Gumbel Annealing (SGA) to demonstrate the potential for further performance improvements through input-specific optimization. Extensive experiments demonstrate that MLICv2 and MLICv2 \({}^{+}\) achieve state-of-the-art results, reducing Bjøntegaard-Delta Rate by 16.54%, 21.61%, 16.05% and 20.46%, 24.35%, 19.14% on Kodak, Tecnick, and CLIC Pro Val datasets, respectively, compared to VTM-17.0 Intra.
Influence of silent myocardial ischemia on the life quality in patients with ischemic heart disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of silent myocardial ischemia on the life quality and on the frequency of occurrence and severity of depressive disorders in patients with Ischemic Heart Disease. Materials and methods. The study involved 93 persons, including 42 practically healthy individuals and 51 patients with Ischemic Heart Disease: silent myocardial ischemia. The study included males, aged 45 to 60 years old. To assess the life quality, the Russian validated version of the Medical Outcomes Study-Short Form (SF-36) questionnaire developed by the Boston Institute of Health was used. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) was used to study the psycho-emotional state of the patients. Statistical data analysis was performed using the Statistica 10.0 and Microsoft Excel 2010 software package. Results. Role functioning (RF) was reduced by 32 % (p<0.0001), general health (GH) was reduced by 31 % (p<0.0001), and mental health was reduced (MH) by 32 % (p<0.0001), social functioning (SF) decreased by 30 % (p<0.0001) in patients with silent myocardial ischemia compared to healthy persons. Both integral indicators of life quality were also reduced in the patients with silent myocardial ischemia compared to the control group. The integral indicator «Physical component of health» for group I was 52.24 [37.4; 59.8] and for group II – 48.84 [41.08; 53.01], p<0.001. The integral indicator «Mental health component» for group I was 54.00 [51.45; 56.76] and for group II – 47.09 [30.29; 52.71], p<0.00001. Mild to moderate depression was found in 35.3 % of the patients with silent myocardial ischemia, and 15.68 % was with severe and extremely severe depression. Conclusions. Silent myocardial ischemia decrease the life quality of patients and promotes the development of depressive states.
Autonomous Scalable Protocol of Consignment Service Grid for Distributed Interoperable Environment

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A distributed interoperable environment is based on coupled structures with multiple simulation entities. Existing services only uses a limited pool that is pre-configured at build time. Rescaling of the pool is also limited and requires complicated procedures due to this feature. This paper proposes an autonomous scalable protocol to make a service pool for distributed interoperable environment. We design an agent-based network to rescale a service pool. Each agent communicates with other agents to exchange a service pool. Our design configures a consignment service grid through this agent-based network. Our proposed design will contribute to managing a scalable service pool for distributed interoperable environment efficiently.
1892 The Effect of Heavy School Bag Weight on Physical Problems in Children and Adolescence. Shiraz, Iran

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

<sec><st>Background</st> One of the main physical problems that have been considered less is the physical complaints related to school bag weight that has a great adverse effect on the incidence of movement disorders in future. </sec><sec><st>Objective</st> Evaluation of physical problems as consequences of over weight bag school. </sec><sec><st>Method and materials</st> In this descriptive study, 1255 primary and guidance school students were selected from 16 schools randomly from four different regions of Shiraz. Demographic data were collected by a questionnaire. The data related to physical problems including the type of the bags, the type of transportation to school and the weight of students and their bags which were measured by a digital seca scale with the sensitivity of 100 grams. Data were analyzed by SPSS on way ANOVA, Chi-square and T-test. </sec><sec><st>Result</st> Complaints from shoulder pain were the main problem (41.2&percnt;). The mean of school bag weight was 2.81±1.09 kg that had significant correlation with the incidence of physical complaints (P=0.001) in all students. The school bag weight of 440 students (35.1&percnt;) were over 10&percnt; of the student’s body weight and 94&percnt; of them suffering from physical complaints. </sec><sec><st>Conclusion</st> This study revealed strong correlation between school bag weight and physical problems among all students, and can lead to serious consequences in the future. </sec>
SOCIAL-COGNITIVE FACTORS OF HEALTH CARE: INTENTION TO EXERCISE AS A START TO A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE / ԱՌՈՂՋՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՊԱՀՊԱՆՄԱՆ ՍՈՑԻԱԼ-ԿՈԳՆԻՏԻՎ ԳՈՐԾՈՆՆԵՐԸ. ՄԱՐԶՎԵԼՈՒ ՄՏԱԴՐՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ՝ ՈՐՊԵՍ ԱՌՈՂՋ ԱՊՐԵԼԱԿԵՐՊԻ ՄԵԿՆԱՐԿ

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The article presents research data from the study of the regulation of healthbehaviors. The aim is to show how self-regulation, social-cognitive factors, in particular, how the intentions to healthy eating, quit smoking and exercise are interconnected and how it is possible to form a healthy lifestyle, taking into account that interconnection. The article discusses the health behavior studied in the field of health psychology - one of the modern fields of psychology, and within the framework of the presented study, the health significance and analysis of three behaviors: healthy eating, smoking cessation, and exercise. The research was conducted by questionnaire-testing methods, an authorial questionnaire was developed and used to study the intentions of the mentioned behaviors and social-cognitive factors. According to the results, exercise intentions are correlated with healthy eating and smoking cessation intentions, which are revealed by correlation analysis. The results of the study suggest that the formation of exercise intentions, respectively, the regulation of exercise behavior through the internal, cognitive factors of a person can play a significant role in the development of a healthy lifestyle.
<b>New trends in knowledge dissemination: TED Talks

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates the key elements of ethos, pathos and logos linguistic strategies as some main features of TED (Technology, Entertainment, Design) Talks, popularizing speeches aiming at Knowledge Dissemination. Through a comparison between the TED Talk ‘HIV - How to fight an epidemic of bad laws’, by Shereen El-Feki (2012a), and another speech held by the same author at the 2012 Symposia The Global Commission on HIV and the Law, addressed to specialists, the paper analyses TED Talks as an innovative tool of popularization, which breaches the typical triangularisation ‘scientist-mediator-audience’, bringing scientists directly into contact with their audiences. Drawing upon Aristotle’s three pillars of rhetoric, the paper analyses the strategies used to establish the ethos of the speech, by proposing a topic as morally worth of spreading; pathos, by creating a direct contact with the public; and logos, investigated through an analysis of the elements used to recontextualise scientific discourses into popularized speeches. The analysis suggests that TED Talks are a recodification, not a mere translation of texts; they are a means to disseminate knowledge reducing the asymmetry between audiences and scientists.
The Legal Adaptation of British Settlers in Turkey

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article is based on a fieldwork project conducted by the authors in the Muğla region of western Turkey. The region is the locale for a significant level of settlement by British people, within the wider context of settlement by groups of other EU nationals in western Turkey. Based on a series of interviews with British settlers and Turkish locals, it examines the factors which affect the process of legal adaptation of the former group. It identifies and discusses the place of British settlers within the larger Turkish legal order, their integration into Turkish life, and the extent to which different socio-legal disabilities and advantages affect this process. The article also casts some light on the extent to which, given the level of British immigration into the area, Turkish officialdom is prepared for their presence.
Vitamin D3 receptor polymorphisms regulate T cells and T cell-dependent inflammatory diseases

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Significance Conclusive identification of single genes contributing to complex autoimmune diseases has been challenging. Here, we positionally identify the vitamin D3 receptor gene ( Vdr ) as a driver of T cell-dependent inflammatory diseases using forward genetics. In the process, we generated congenic mice that overexpress Vdr in T cells as a consequence of natural polymorphisms in its promoter. These mice present a unique opportunity to study the immunomodulatory properties of VDR in a physiological setting. Moreover, the restricted overexpression of VDR to immune cells allows discrimination between immune-acting and confounding musculoskeletal effects of VDR. Our results suggest that VDR plays a role in T cell activation in parallel to the antiinflammatory actions mediated by its ligand.
Coexisting Bi and Se surface terminations of cleaved Bi2Se3 single crystals

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Evidence for the coexistence of both Bi and Se terminations of the topological insulator Bi2Se3 is presented that is connected with details of sample storage and cleaving procedures. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the Bi 4f core levels show a lower binding energy component indicative of metallic Bi near the sample surface. Single crystals stored and cleaved in high vacuum predominantly show the usual Se surface termination while those stored in air for long periods of time have a high probability for Bi termination. The different terminations have very different electronic structures as measured by angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. Our photoemission studies show the Se-terminated electronic structure can be recovered after annealing at 400 °C.
Metabolic component of intestinal Pco2during dysoxia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The adequacy of intestinal perfusion during shock and resuscitation might be estimated from intestinal tissue acid-base balance. We examined this idea from the perspective of conventional blood acid-base physicochemistry. As the O 2 supply diminishes with failing blood flow, tissue acid-base changes are first “respiratory,” with CO 2 coming from combustion of fuel and stagnating in the decreasing blood flow. When the O 2 supply decreases to critical, the changes become “metabolic” due to lactic acid. In blood, the respiratory vs. metabolic distinction is conventionally made using the buffer base principle, in which buffer base is the sum of HCO 3 − and noncarbonate buffer anion (A − ). During purely respiratory acidosis, buffer base stays constant because HCO 3 − cannot buffer its own progenitor, carbonic acid, so that the rise of HCO 3 − equals the fall of A − . During anaerobic “metabolism,” however, lactate's H + is buffered by both A − and HCO 3 − , causing buffer base to decrease. We quantified the partitioning of lactate's H + between HCO 3 − and A − buffer in anoxic intestine by compressing intestinal segments of anesthetized swine into a steel pipe and measuring Pco 2 and lactate at 5- to 10-min intervals. Their rises followed first-order kinetics, yielding k = 0.031 min −1 and half time = ∼22 min. Pco 2 vs. lactate relations were linear. Over 3 h, lactate increased by 31 ± 3 mmol/l tissue fluid (mM) and Pco 2 by ∼17 mM, meaning that one-half of lactate's H + was buffered by tissue HCO 3 − and one-half by A − . The data were consistent with a lumped p K a value near 6.1 and total A − concentration of ∼30 mmol/kg. We conclude that the respiratory vs. metabolic distinction could be made in tissue by estimating tissue buffer base from measured pH and Pco 2 .