jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Potential of Metformin-preconditioned Mesenchymal StemCells for Pancreatic Regeneration

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Diabetes occurs due to insulin deficiency or less insulin. To manage this condition, insulin administration as well as increased insulin sensitivity is required, but exogeneous insulin cannot replace the sensitive and gentle regulation of blood glucose levels same as β cells of healthy individuals. By considering the ability of regeneration and differentiation of stem cells, the current study planned to evaluate the effect of metformin preconditioned buccal fat pad (BFP) derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes mellitus in Wistar rats. Materials & Methods: The disease condition was established by using a diabetes-inducing agent STZ in Wistar rats. Then, the animals were grouped into disease control, blank, and test groups. Only the test group received the metformin-preconditioned cells. The total study period for this experiment was 33 days. During this period, the animals were monitored for blood glucose level, body weight, and food-water intake twice a week. At the end of 33 days, the biochemical estimations for serum insulin level and pancreatic insulin level were performed. Also, histopathology of the pancreas, liver and skeletal muscle was performed. Results: The test groups showed a decline in the blood glucose level and an increase in the serum pancreatic insulin level as compared to the disease group. No significant change in food and water intake was observed within the three groups, while body weight was significantly reduced in the test group when compared with the blank group, but the life span was increased when compared with the disease group. Conclusion: In the present study, we concluded that metformin preconditioned buccal fat pad-derived mesenchymal stem cells have the ability to regenerate damaged pancreatic β cells and have antidiabetic activity, and this therapy is a better choice for future research.
Influence of Pentakeep-V on the nutrient interaction and availability for tomato production

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A field pot experiment was implemented in the Faculty of Food and Agriculture Farm in Al-Ain area, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, located in Lat. 24 N and Long. 56 E with 302 m altitude during 2007/2008 over four months growing season. The experiment was done to evaluate fertilizer use efficiency, nutrient uptake, and yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) as affected by Pentakeep-V. The experimental design was a split-split plot design with application method as main plot (Foliar application (AM1), Soil application (AM2), and Application rate (0.01%(L1), 0.02% (L2), 0.04% (L3)) and time interval as sub plots (One week (W1), two weeks (W2), and three weeks (W3)).A control treatment with zero level (0.00%, L0) of Pentakeep-V was included for comparison. Results showed all Pentakeep-V foliar treatments showed a significantly (P<0.05) higher tomato fruit in terms of yield and quality as compared to the control treatment with a percent maximum yield of 146%of the control treatment. The average yield for the most soil application showed less production compared to control except L1W2 and L1W3 that showed 107.9 and 117.7% respectively. Also results showed a significant negative tendency for the nutrient availability under soil application treatment compared to the foliar especially in case of phosphorus and micronutrient. L3W1 Foliar application treatment showed the highest significant increase in yield and macro and micro nutrient concentration and uptake for the fruit, stem and roots by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
Does innovation stimulate employment? Evidence from China, France, Germany, and The Netherlands

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This article tests whether product and process innovations increase employment in three European countries-France, Germany, and The Netherlands-and in the People's Republic of China on the basis of the same underlying theoretical framework and comparable harmonized micro data. The data pertain to the period 2002-2004 and cover the manufacturing and services industries in the three European countries, and to the period 1999-2006 and only the manufacturing industries in China. Process innovation does not play a significant role, whereas non-innovation-related efficiency improvements in the production of unchanged products tend to reduce employment. In contrast, product innovation stimulates employment, the compensation effect via increased demand dominating the displacement effect. The net effect of product innovation and the net growth in total employment are comparable in the two regions.
Indium-Catalyzed Annulation of o-Acylanilines with Alkoxyheteroarenes: Synthesis of Heteroaryl[b]quinolines and Subsequent Transformation to Cryptolepine Derivatives

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We disclose herein the first synthetic method that is capable of offering heteroaryl[b]quinolines (HA[b]Qs) with structural diversity, which include tricyclic and tetracyclic structures with (benzo)thienyl, (benzo)furanyl, and indolyl rings. The target HA[b]Q is addressed by the annulation of o-acylanilines and MeO–heteroarenes with the aid of an indium Lewis acid that effectively works to make two different types of the N–C and C–C bonds in one batch. A series of indolo[3,2-b]quinolines prepared here can be subsequently transformed to structurally unprecedented cryptolepine derivatives. Mechanistic studies showed that the N–C bond formation is followed by the C–C bond formation. The indium-catalyzed annulation reaction thus starts with the nucleophilic attack of the NH2 group of o-acylanilines to the MeO-connected carbon atom of the heteroaryl ring in an SNAr fashion, and thereby the N–C bond is formed. The resulting intermediate then cyclizes to make the C–C bond through the nucleophilic attack of the heteroaryl-ring-based carbon atom to the carbonyl carbon atom, providing the HA[b]Q after aromatizing dehydration.
Prevalence and determinants of internet addiction among children with depression: A study in a school setting in Tunisia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Child depression is a public health problem. Its association with internet addiction (IA) could increase the frequency of complications and have a significant impact on the child’s psychological well-being, schooling, family and social life. Objectives To study the clinical profile and associated factors of IA in a population of primary school children with depressive disorders. Methods This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study of 182 children with depression attending four primary schools in the government of Sfax. The study took place from 1 March 2022 to 30 June 2022. In the present study, we administered the following psychometric scales: Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Revised Children’s Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS- 47), Birleson Depression Scale Questionnaire and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Results The mean age of the children studied was 9.9 ±1.17 years and the sex ratio was 0.8. Mean score of Internet Addiction Test was 40 ±4,46. In addition, Internet addiction was identified in 73.6% of students with depression (N=143). Following a univariate analysis, internet addiction among depressed Childrens was positively correlated to individual factors such as the absence of leisure activity, the number of hours per day spent on the internet (1.63 VS 3.25, P < 0.001) and interest in accessing Tiktok (p=0.002). Internet addiction in depressed children also depended on family factors. Internet addiction was more common among childrens with a medium to high family socio-economic level (P < 0.001) in cases where parent-child communication was deemed unsatisfactory (P = 0.002) and in cases of verbal violence (P < 0.001). We were also able to establish a significant link between internet addiction among depressed pupils and significant symptoms of anxiety (P=0.019) and low self-esteem (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression revealed that medium to high socio-economic level, unsatisfactory parent-child communication, absence of leisure activities and significant symptoms of social phobia were independent predictors of Internet addiction in children with depression. Conclusions Our study highlighted the high frequency of IA in children with depression and demonstrated the implication of certain variables such as medium to high socio-economic status, disruption of the family environment, anxiety and low self-esteem. The identification of these different factors would make it possible to identify a group at risk of IA. This raises the case for introducing prevention and awareness-raising campaigns on IA among depressed children, targeting these groups and targeting health professionals and parents. Disclosure of Interest None Declared
Hepatobiliary compensation for the loss of gallbladder function after cholecystectomy. An experimental study in the cat.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The side effects of the removal of a functioning gallbladder are surprisingly few, and it has been suggested, but never demonstrated, that the hepatobiliary tract then adjusts to compensate for the loss of gallbladder function. In this study the effects of cholecystectomy on bile acid kinetics, bile flow, and biliary clearance of mannitol were studied in cats 6-8 weeks after cholecystectomy. An enhanced recycling rate of a diminished bile acid pool was found. The bile flow was reduced and the bile acid concentration in hepatic bile was increased, but fasting bile acid secretion rate was not changed. Both when the bile acid secretion rate was reduced by drainage via an acute bile fistula and when it was enhanced by intravenous infusion of glycocholic acid, there was a lower bile acid-independent flow in the cholecystectomy group. This reduced bile flow after cholecystectomy was not explained by the higher proportion of deoxycholic acid present in the bile of the cholecystectomized animals. Biliary clearance of mannitol, which is supposed to reflect the canalicular inflow, was not reduced, indicating that the reduction in bile flow is explained by a reduced fluid secretion or an enhanced fluid reabsorption in the bile ductules and ducts after cholecystectomy. In this manner the bile ducts compensate for the loss of the absorptive function of the gallbladder after cholecystectomy.
Seasonal and Regional Variations in Rainfall Distribution Over the Punjab-Pakistan

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of present study is to investigate district and division wise annual rainfall variations over the province of Punjab, which is the largest in terms of population size as well important contributor in agricultural produce in Pakistan. The results revealed that the rainfall trend has shifted from upper and lower Punjab towards the south, west, north and east respectively. The statistical analysis has inferred an overall increasing trend for the period 1990 to 2000 and a decreasing trend during period 2001 to 2010 in Punjab province. The Z test value differences in the average rainfall for each district level meteorological station have detected three increasing and two decreasing trends during summers of 1981-2015.The data revealed a significant changed seasonal trend observed in Murree and Sialkot (northern Punjab), Faisalabad and Lahore (central Punjab). Particularly, the changes have been observed in the south Punjabandover the central Punjab,while the same rainfall variations have shown a southward shift. The trend of the rainfall had shifted in the Faisalabad division with the significant positive trend. In the Central Punjab, the positive trend has also been found in all the districts. In the lower Punjab, Multan, Dera Ghazi Khan districts has shown an increasing trend of rainfall. The findings are significant in changing agro-climatic zones in the Punjab and consequent shifting patterns of agriculturetherefore can have net impact on the food security situation in the Punjab-Pakistan
Characterisation ofPseudosuccinea columellaandRadix natalensis(Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) in Egypt using shell and molecular data

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pseudosuccinea columella and Radix natalensis live in the same habitat in Egypt and are important intermediate hosts of Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica. Our study aimed to characterise both snail species using molecular analysis and shell measurements. The ranges of morphometric parameters overlapped in the two lymnaeids, indicating that they do not clearly differentiate the two species. PCR-sequence analysis of the nuclear ribosomal small subunit rRNA and the polymorphic mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) genes were used to determine the genetic identity and the potential diversity of the snails. Little intrasequence variations were detected in the sequences of both gene loci, indicating the potential homogeneity of lymnaeid populations in Egypt. Generated sequences of the mitochondrial CO1 gene locus for R. natalensis showed obvious heterogeneity compared to other sequences in GenBank. Molecular characterisation of these lymnaeids might help to understand the snails' biodiversity in a bid to control these populations and their related diseases.
Developing a community-based intervention for Dutch older adults in a socioeconomically disadvantaged community

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Summary Unhealthy eating and low levels of physical activity are major health risks, especially for older adults and people with a low socioeconomic status. The aim of this article is to describe the development of a community-based intervention aimed at promoting physical activity and healthy eating among people aged 55 years and over, in a socioeconomically disadvantaged community. The Intervention Mapping protocol was used to develop the intervention. We conducted a literature search, consultation with community partners and inhabitants, and a quantitative study, in order to obtain insight into the determinants of the target population and to identify appropriate theory-based methods and practical strategies for behavioural change. An assessment was performed of the problem with respect to health behaviour and the underlying determinants. Findings were translated into program, performance and change objectives which specify determinants related to behavioural change. Theory-based methods and practical applications were selected, resulting in a plan for adoption and implementation. The intervention included a local media campaign, social environmental approaches and physical environmental activities in the community, with an intermediating role for inhabitants and health professionals in the promotion of the campaign. An evaluation plan was produced to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. The Intervention Mapping protocol was a helpful instrument in developing a feasible, theory and evidence-based intervention tailored to a specific target population in the area of health promotion. The systematic and structured approach provided insight into the relationship between the objectives, methods and strategies used to develop the comprehensive intervention.
Cytokine and cytokine receptor genes of the adaptive immune response are differentially associated with breast cancer risk in American women of African and European ancestry

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Disparities in breast cancer biology are evident between American women of African ancestry (AA) and European ancestry (EA) and may be due, in part, to differences in immune function. To assess the potential role of constitutional host immunity on breast carcinogenesis, we tested associations between breast cancer risk and 47 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 26 cytokine‐related genes of the adaptive immune system using 650 EA ( n = 335 cases) and 864 AA ( n = 458 cases) women from the Women's Circle of Health Study (WCHS). With additional participant accrual to the WCHS, promising SNPs from the initial analysis were evaluated in a larger sample size (1,307 EAs and 1,365 AAs). Multivariate logistic regression found SNPs in genes important for T helper type 1 (Th1) immunity ( IFNGR2 rs1059293, IL15RA rs2296135, LTA rs1041981), Th2 immunity ( IL4R rs1801275), and T regulatory cell‐mediated immunosuppression ( TGFB1 rs1800469) associated with breast cancer risk, mainly among AAs. The combined effect of these five SNPs was highly significant among AAs ( P ‐trend = 0.0005). When stratified by estrogen receptor (ER) status, LTA rs1041981 was associated with ER‐positive breast cancers among EAs and marginally among AAs. Only among AA women, IL15 rs10833 and IL15RA rs2296135 were associated with ER‐positive tumors, and IL12RB1 rs375947, IL15 rs10833 and TGFB1 rs1800469 were associated with ER‐negative tumors. Our study systematically identified genetic variants in the adaptive immune response pathway associated with breast cancer risk, which appears to differ by ancestry groups, menopausal status and ER status.
Sedentary Behavior Research in the Chinese Population: A Systematic Scoping Review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: The negative effects of sedentary behavior (SB) on public health have been extensively documented. A large number of studies have demonstrated that high prevalence of SB is a critical factor of all-cause mortality. Globally, the frequency of SB research has continued to rise, but little is known about SB in the Chinese population. Therefore, this review was conducted to scope the research situation and to fill the gaps related to the effects of SB in the Chinese population. Methods: Using a scoping review based on York methodology, a comprehensive search of published journal articles and grey literature was carried out through 12 databases. The literature research was conducted by two authors in July 2019, and included journal articles that targeted on the Chinese population were published between 1999 and 2019. The two authors screened the records independently and included those research topics related to SB in the Chinese population. Results: The number of included studies increased from 1 to 29 per year during the analyzed period, during which, a remarkable climb happened from 8 in 2013 to 19 in July 2019. Out of the 1303 screened studies, a total of 162 studies (81 English and 81 Chinese journal articles) met the inclusion criteria in this review. Most of the included studies (66.0%) reported the overall estimated prevalence of SB, in which, 43.2% of studies reported the average time of SB, and 40.0% of studies reported the cutoff point of SB. Besides this, 54.9% and 23.5% of studies focused on the outcomes and correlates/determinants of SB, and the proportions of studies based on testing the validation of measurement tools and on interventions were 3.7% and 4.9%, respectively. Nearly all of the reviewed articles used data from cross-sectional studies (75.9%) and longitudinal studies (13.6%), while intervention trials are less developed. The majority of the studies (64.8%) used self-reported surveys, and only 3.7% studies used device-based measurement tools. Furthermore, 35.8% of the included studies were focused on children and adolescents, while only a few studies investigated infants/toddlers and older adults. Both female and male were examined in most studies, and non-clinical populations were investigated in the context of SB in a relatively large number of studies. Conclusions: The number of research articles on SB in the Chinese population published per year has increased year by year, indicating a growing interest in this research area. More studies using population subgroup samples are needed, particularly among infants/toddlers, older adults, and clinical populations. To provide stronger evidence of the determinants and outcomes of SB, longitudinal studies using device-based measures of SB are required.
High rates of cervical cancer among HIV-infected women at a referral hospital in Malawi

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cervical cancer is the most common cancer among women in Malawi. National guidelines recommend screening women aged 30–45 years every five years; however, no specific recommendations exist for women with HIV. We aimed to assess the frequency of high-grade dysplasia (CIN 2 or CIN3) and cervical cancer among women in central Malawi and to examine associations with CIN2+ (CIN2/3 or cancer). We extracted cervical Pap smear, biopsy, loop electrosurgical excision procedure and uterine specimen reports from a hospital pathology database from November 2012 to November 2013. We used logistic regression to estimate associations with CIN2+. We reviewed specimens from 824 women; we excluded 194 with unknown HIV status, leaving 630 in the analytic sample. Twelve percent had high-grade dysplasia and 109 women (17%) had cancer. Twenty-five percent of high-grade dysplasia cases and 35% of cancers occurred among women outside recommended screening ages. The odds of having CIN2+ were 6.55 times (95% CI 4.44-9.67) greater for HIV+ women. High-grade dysplasia and cervical cancer are very common among Malawian women, especially HIV+ women. HIV infection was strongly associated with CIN2+. Expanding screening to women not covered by current guidelines could avert a substantial proportion of cervical cancer cases in Malawi.
Bridging the Gap: The CasMez and Public Interventions on Electricity in the South (1954-1962)

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In late nineteenth century Italy, the birth of the electricity industry was a stepping stone for the modernization of the Country. In fact, the scarcity of coal resources did not allow a real industrial take-off, and the development of hydroelectric technology succeeded in making up for this shortage. Thus, in the first thirty years of the twentieth century, a private electricity management system was created in Italy which took the shape of an oligopoly due to the difficulties of the internal capital market, the intrusion of mixed banks and with the support of state authorities. The State intervened concretely in the sector, first facilitating the release of concessions for the exploitation of waterways, then financially, with the creation of bodies dedicated to financing industries of public interest, such as the CREDIOP, the ICIPU and, finally, after the 1929 crisis, the IRI. Despite everything, over time the gap between North and South of the country increased, even in the field of electrification. Thus, as early as the end of the 1930s, the IRI had a shift in a southern direction, which brought greater attention to the electro-commercial companies of the South, SME above all. Public intervention in southern electricity was subsequently intensified with the creation of the CasMez, which in the second half of the Fifties supported the modernization of this sector to bridge the gap, both in terms of electrification and development, with the rest of the Country.
Outcome of acute brain swelling after successful recanalization with mechanical thrombectomy and related factors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

機械的血栓回収療法による再開通後の急性脳腫脹の転帰と その関連因子濵田 祐樹 1) 植田 敏浩 1) 大坪 治喜 1) 辰野健太郎 1) 深野 崇之 1)徳山 承明 1) 吉江 智秀 1) 髙石 智 1) 臼杵乃理子 1) 高田 達郎 1)吉田 泰之 1) 小野 元 1) 長谷川泰弘 2) 要旨： 【背景および目的】 機械的血栓回収療法後に再開通が得られても急性脳腫脹を生じる例をし ばしば経験するが，その中には比較的良好な転帰を示す例も存在する．そこで急性脳腫脹の関連因 子および転帰への影響について後ろ向きに検討した． 【方法】 2013-2019 年に本治療を施行した ICA， M1 閉塞で，mTICI 2b 以上の再開通を得た 101 例を対象とし，急性脳腫脹を認めた群 (急性脳腫脹 群：S 群) と認めなかった群 (非脳腫脹群：N 群) で比較検討した． 【結果】 急性脳腫脹は 18 例 (17.8％) で認められた．S 群は N 群に比して入院時 NIHSS が高く，DWI-ASPECTS が低値であったが，3 カ 月後転帰良好の割合に有意差はなかった (27.8％ vs 45.8％) ．S 群では 11 例 (61.1％) が開頭減圧術を 受け，同群のうち 5 例が転帰良好 (mRS≤2) であった．多変量解析では，DWI-ASPECTS 値が急性脳 腫脹の出現と関連していた (オッズ比 0.55，95％信頼区間 0.39-0.72)． 【結論】 急性脳腫脹を生じて も，若年で ASPECT