jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Using Gadgets during the Covid-19 Pandemic on Children's Behaviour

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

During the Covid-19 pandemic, school from home (SFH) policy was regulated with the aim of inhibiting the spread of the virus. The SFH process makes children interact frequently with gadgets because learning is occurred online, however in practice, they must refer to the national curriculum. This study aims to find out the effects of using gadgets during the Covid-19 pandemic on children's behavior. This research is a descriptive quantitative research. The population of the study were 74 kindergarten’ students in Pekanbaru City, Riau Province. Researchers took 50% of the population so that from 74 people, 30 children were taken to be the trial sample and the rest were the research samples, as many as 37 children. The results showed that the most dominant effect of using gadgets during the Covid-19 pandemic on children's behavior was in the compulsion indicator. For further research, it can be investigated the influence of these aspects with parenting styles.
Syntheses of Taiwaniaquinone F and Taiwaniaquinol A via an Unusual Remote C–H Functionalization

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A protecting-group-free route to (-)-taiwaniaquinone F based on a ring contraction and subsequent aromatic oxidation of a sugiol derivative is reported. In addition, the first synthesis of (+)-taiwaniaquinol A is reported via short time exposure of (-)-taiwaniaquinone F to sunlight triggering a remote C-H functionalization. The hypothesis that the biogenesis of some methylenedioxy bridged natural products could proceed via similar nonenzymatic mechanisms is presented.
A Mini-review of Computational Approaches to Predict Functions and Findings of Novel Micro Peptides

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

: New techniques in bioinformatics and the study of the transcriptome at a wide-scale have uncovered the fact that a large part of the genome is being translated than recently perceived thoughts and research, bringing about the creation of a various quantity of RNA with proteincoding and noncoding potential. A lot of RNA particles have been considered as noncoding due to many reasons, according to developing proofs. Like many sORFs that encode many functional micro peptides have neglected due to their tiny sizes. : Advanced studies reveal many major biological functions of these sORFs and their encoded micro peptides in a different and wide range of species. All the achievement in the identification of these sORFs and micro peptides is due to the progressive bioinformatics and high-throughput sequencing methods. This field has pulled in more consideration due to the detection of a large number of more sORFs and micro peptides. Nowadays, COVID-19 grabs all the attention of science as it is a sudden outbreak. sORFs of COVID-19 should be revealed for new ways to understand this virus. This review discusses ongoing progress in the systems for the identification and distinguishing proof of sORFs and micro peptides.
EUV characteristics of a high power and high repetition rate CO 2 laser driven Xe plasma

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A CO2 laser driven Xe jet plasma is presented as light source system for EUV lithography. A short-pulse TEA C02 master oscillator power amplifier system and a pre-pulse Nd:YAG laser were used for plasma generation. The dependence of EUV plasma parameters, e.g. conversion efficiency, plasma image and in-band and out-of-band spectra, on the delay time between the pre-pulse and the main pulse laser was investigated. A maximum conversion efficiency of 0.6 % was obtained at a delay time of about 200 ns. In addition, characteristics of fast ions were measured by the time-of-flight method. The peak energy of the fast ion energy distribution decreased significantly at delay times larger than 200 ns. This result is very promising with respect to collector mirror lifetime extension by magnetic field mitigation.
Differences in the Mode of Action of Florpyrauxifen-Benzyl between Barnyardgrass and Yerbadetajo

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Barnyardgrass (a monocotyledon) and yerbadetajo (a dicotyledon) are the most troublesome weeds in rice fields in China. The synthetic auxin herbicide florpyrauxifen-benzyl can effectively control both weeds. The objective of this research was to clarify modes of action of florpyrauxifen-benzyl in barnyardgrass and yerbadetajo. Our results showed that yerbadetajo was more sensitive to florpyrauxifen-benzyl than barnyardgrass: the 50% growth rate inhibition in barnyardgrass and yerbadetajo was 4.14 and 0.38 g a.i. ha−1, respectively. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl induced the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and abscisic acid (ABA) in yerbadetajo within 24 h, while in barnyardgrass, the highest production occurred at 12 h and decreased at 24 h. ACC and ABA levels in yerbadetajo at 24 h of treatment were significantly higher than those in barnyardgrass at any time. There were less differentially expressed genes related to ethylene and ABA synthesis in barnyardgrass than in yerbadetajo. There were five genes induced to increase by florpyrauxifen-benzyl in barnyardgrass and eleven genes in yerbadetajo. More ACC oxidase genes (ACO) were induced in barnyardgrass and more ACC synthesis genes (ACS) in yerbadetajo, especially three ACS3 (>30 fold). We speculated that differences in gene expression caused differences in ethylene and ABA production, leading to differences in phytotoxicity.
Chapter 8: Fuzzy Clustering Algorithms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Hard (or crisp) clustering algorithms require that each data point of the data set belong to one and only one cluster. Fuzzy clustering extends this notion to associate each data point in the data set with every cluster using a membership function. Since the concept of fuzzy sets (Zadeh, 1965) was introduced, fuzzy clustering has been widely discussed, studied, and applied in various areas. Early work on applying fuzzy set theory in cluster analysis was proposed by Bellman et al. (1966) and Ruspini (1969).
The Commissions Proposal for a Common System of Financial Transaction Tax: A Legal Appraisal

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The Commission's proposal for a Directive on a common system of financial transaction tax (FTT) is the first EU proposal for a broadbased FTT. It is proposed to be implemented in the EU by 1 January 2014. The FTT is to be applied to financial transactions with financial instruments where a financial institution is party to the transaction. In this legal appraisal of the proposal, key issues arising in the proposal are discussed, foremost concerning the scope of the tax. The proposal is benchmarked against key design features identified by commentators - the susceptibility to migration to financial transactions not covered by the FTT and to foreign territories. It is concluded that the scope is broad enough with regard to the coverage of financial transactions and that the definition of financial institutions is almost too broad. Migration to other territories will be possible but not as easy to realize as under the abolished Swedish FTT. It is also concluded that there are a number of legal uncertainties in the proposal that need to be clarified.
Identification of early pathophysiological events underlying venous coronary bypass stenosis by a mechano-biology approach

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Progetto in collaborazione con Laboratory of Experimental Micro and Biofluid-dynamics (µBS Lab) of the Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria of Politecnico di Milano. Eng GB Fiore, Eng M Soncini, Eng M Piola
[Psychomotor development of children born operatively by Caesarian section, vacuum or forceps in the period between 3 and 7 years (author's transl)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the period between 1966 and 1977 9,591 children were born at the UFK, Mannheim, and of these 1.008 were operative deliveries (10.5%). Out of these children, 99 of those delivered by section, 39 by forceps, 140 by vacuum and 67 spontaneous births were examined in an alphabetically determined group (R) for mental and motor development. The means used for the follow-up investigation were the Kramer-Binet Intelligence Test, and careful questioning of the parents on their children's early development. No connection between the type of delivery and intelligence quotient could be determined. A mean IQ of 114.4 was found for those delivered by section, 116.6 for those by forceps, and 117.7 for thos delivered by vacuum. The spontaneously-born children had an IQ of 108.7. The IQ results determined were correlated with the following data: EPH-gestosis, alteration in the child's heart sounds, protracted birth and Apga. No significant differences in the intelligence or any delayed motor development could be found in relation to the comparative group.
[The anti-ulcer action of zinc sulfate in models of acute and chronic ulcerogenesis in the rat duodenum].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The 5-day pretreatment of rats with zinc sulfate (50 or 150 mg/kg/day per os) significantly reduce the rate, the number, and area of cystamine-induced duodenal lesions in rats. Pretreatment with zinc sulfate in a dose of 15 mg/kg/day over a 5-day period or single administration of zinc sulfate (50 mg/kg) did not markedly reduce the above-mentioned lesion parameters. The administration of zinc sulfate (50 or 150 mg/kg/day per os) during 7 days results in a dose-dependent, significant decrease in the area of chronic acetate-induced gastric and duodenal lesions in rats. The results of clinical and experimental study indicate that zinc-containing compounds can be successfully used both for prophylaxis and treatment of duodenal ulcer.
3-D Numerical Simulation on Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation Batch Treating Process of Bearing Balls

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In the plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) process, since the dose distribution is affected by the sheath around the sample to be treated, controlling the sheath expanding process is very important for obtaining a good dose uniformity. In this paper, a 3-D particle-in-cell (PIC) model was established to study the sheath expanding process around balls of the bearing in a PIII batch treating process respectively. Using the finite difference method, the spatial distributions of the normalized potential and ion density in the simulation region were calculated by solving Poisson's Equation, Newton's motion equations and the Boltzmann assumption for the electrons. The influences of the magnitude and pulse width of the implantation voltage applied as well as the plasma density on the sheath conformability were studied. The simulation results show that the sheath conformability around the balls in batch treating process is worse than that in a single process due to the sheath overlap of neighbor bearing components. The bad conformability of the sheath would lead to a bad distribution of the incident dose on the surface of bearing balls. In order to guarantee the conformability of the sheath around the bearing balls, a small pulse width, enough display distance as well as proper implantation voltage and plasma density should be promised in the PIII batch treating process.
Isolation and characterization of mitochondrial DNA from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been isolated from a mitochondrial pellet of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The mtDNA has a buoyant density of 1.706 g/ml in CsCl, a melting temperature of 87.9 degrees in standard saline citrate, and a nucleoside composition of 47.5% deoxyguanidine plus deoxycytidine with no odd nucleosides. Thermal denaturation and renaturation studies have shown that (i) mtDNA contains no extensive intramolecular heterogeneity nor significant base bias between the complementary polynucleotide chains and (ii) mtDNA renatures as a single homogeneous class with a kinetic complexity of 9.78 X 10(6) daltons. Although rare (less than or equal to 1%), both open and supercoiled circular mtDNA molecules have been observed in the electron microscope. Contour lengths of linear and open and closed circular molecules are all within the range of 4.0-5.4 micron with a mean of 4.67 +/- 0.30 micron. This size is similar to that of animal mtDNA but approximately 1/8 that of the higher plant mtDNAs. The magnitude of mtDNA reiteration in C. reinhardtii is estimated to be of the same order as that of chloroplast DNA.
The analysis on the natural resting aspects of parts for automatic assembly

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In automated assembly, one of the major areas is the feeding and orientation of parts. To design an efficient feeding or orienting device, a knowledge about the probabilities of the natural resting aspects of parts is necessary. Nevertheless, little work seems to have done in the feeding and orientation. Currently the methods to predict the natural resting behaviour of parts are Jew, and each of them has its limitations. A literature review conducted revealed the following methods used to predict the probability of the natural resting aspects of parts; namely the energy barrier method, the energy barrier area method, the centroid solid angle (CSA) method and the empirical one that predicts the resting aspects by throwing and counting a batch of parts.
Wine in Islamic Painting, Poetry, and Adab Literature

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter surveys the important role alcohol played in premodern and early modern Muslim artistic life, in painting and literature, and especially in poetry. It argues that wine was integral to the world of traditional Islamic art, both as a substance and as a metaphor celebrating the beauty of creation, symbolizing the bond of love and devotion between the mystic and the divine, and representing contrariness and transgression.
Deaths of Kim Ok-gyun and Queen Min and Japan : Fabrication and Trapping of the Pro- and Anti-Japanese Discourse

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Kim, Okgyun, the leader of the Gapsin Coup, has been the symbol of the ‘pro Japanese faction’ while Queen Min, assassinated by Japanese thugs, has been the one of the ‘anti Japanese’ in Korea, based on their superficial relationship with Japan. In addition, the anti Japanese sentiment is often regarded as patriotic while proJapanese as treason. Such an oversimplified extreme view premised on the Japanese plan that involved the death of the two and the occupation of Korea. Then, what is the reason for this bizarre view, and why is it still shared by many even today? This paper examines the correlation between the deaths of the two figures and the Japanese intervention in it. It reveals a selective, misleading retroactive interpretation of the facts in history that covers up the reign of potentates of Queen Min’s family, as a major inner factor, that eventually led to the fall of Joseon. Furthermore, it delves into the Japanese plot to utilize such figures as Kim as a way to maximize its influence on Joseon. This paper argues that the old but established dualistic frame of pro and antiJapanese is ineffective in analyzing this Japanese imperial politics.
Non-destructive estimation of leaf area in hairy fleabane (Conyza bonariensis)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Hairy fleabane (Conyza bonariensis) is a widespread and troublesome weed in agricultural systems, and estimating its leaf area (LA) is essential for growth analysis and weed management studies. This study aimed to develop equations to estimate the LA based on the linear dimensions of leaf blades. The relationships between the LA and the dimensional parameters of leaf blade (length and width) were studied in C. bonariensis var. angustifolia and C. bonariensis var. bonariensis. Both linear and power regression models were tested, and their performance was assessed using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), index of agreement (dw), BIAS index, Pearson’s linear coefficient (r), and index of confidence or performance (c). The best-performing model used the product of length and width (L×W), yielding the highest r values and the lowest RMSE for both botanical varieties. Specific models provided better estimates than the general model. The linear equations LA = 0.6578 × (L×W) and LA = 0.5896 × (L×W) for C. bonariensis var. angustifolia and C. bonariensis var. bonariensis, respectively, were the most accurate for estimating their LA. These equations offer reliable, non-destructive tools for estimating LA in studies involving each variety, contributing to improved precision in weed science research.
Production of xylanase intended to be used in bread-making: laboratory scale and pilot scale studies

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this study, submerged and solid-state fermentation studies were performed for xylanase production simultaneously to determine ideal carbon and nitrogen sources together with necessary production parameters from the laboratory scale to the pilot scale. The results showed that barley malt sprout is effective as a nitrogen and a good carbon source. Under optimum conditions, xylanase activities 71.74 ± 2.70 U/mL, 56.95 ± 3.6 U/mL, 65.8 ± 8 U/mL and 46.05 ± 0.1 U/mL were achieved in shake flasks, 2, 10 and 30 L bioreactors, respectively. In solid-state fermentation studies, maximum activity in flasks was 759.15 ± 36.16 U/g production media, and maximum activity in pilot-scale tray bioreactor productions was 1312 ± 137.85 U/g dry substrate. Bread-making trials showed that using xylanase at 100 U/100g flour resulted in a significant increase in the loaf volume of wheat flour bread and whole wheat flour bread.
Toxigenic Fungi from Poultry Feed and Litter

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fungi isolated from feed and litter of two Ohio poultry farms were screened for toxin production. Fourteen-day-slant cultures were used to inoculate neo-peptone dextrose, Czapek-Dox, and Mycological broth media. Four-day chick embryos were inoculated with 0.2 ml. of culture filtrate via the air cell. Embryo death at 9 days was used as the toxicity indicator. Those fungi found toxigenic in one or more media were Aspergillus chevalieri (one), A. fumigatus (one), A. terreus (two), Penicillium cyclopium (five), P. patulum (two), and one each Fusarium and Scopulariopsis sp. Of those isolates screened 13% were found toxigenic.
Biophysical analysis of the interaction of laminin-related protein Netrin with its receptor Neogenin

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Netrins are axon guidance cue molecules belonging to the laminin related protein. These molecules play a significant role in neuronal migration, by releasing chemotrophic cues and allowing either chemoattraction or chemorepulsion. Netrin holds capability to bind multiple different receptors including Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC), Uncoordinated 5 (UNC5) and Neogenin (Neo). In order to investigate the binding of Netrin with its receptor Neogenin, two different constructs of Neogenin, Neogenin 3-5 Long and Neogenin 3-5 Short were investigated with its binding partner Netrin in a biophysical approach followed by crystallization screening. Netrin and the two constructs of Neogenin alone and in complex were analysed by gel electrophoresis, Size exclusion chromatography, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The findings from the low-resolution models reveal that the models for the complex appear larger and more compact than the individual models of the chNet△C, Neogenin Long 3-5 and Neogenin Short 3-5, which appear elongated. This analysis provides some insight into the interaction of Netrin with Neogenin and identifies 47% w/v 2-methyl-2,4- pentanediol 100mM HEPES, pH 7.5 and 35% w/v 2-methyl-2,4- pentanediol 100mM Imidazole, pH 8.0 as preliminary conditions for crystallization of the complex.
Did Stem Cells Play Any Role in the Curious Case of Transplantation of Cancer in 1874?

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

It was stated recently that the concept of cancer stem cells "has directed scientific communities toward a different wide new area of research field," and that "The cancer stem cells may be able to answer some of the questions related to a cancer growth."Accordingly, this paper recollects the odd presentation of cancer in 1874 and wonders if the stem cell system was at work then.
Rapid Scalable Distributed Power Flow with Open-Source Implementation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper introduces a new method for solving the distributed AC power flow (PF) problem by further exploiting the problem formulation. We propose a new variant of the ALADIN algorithm devised specifically for this type of problem. This new variant is characterized by using a reduced modelling method of the distributed AC PF problem, which is reformulated as a zero-residual least-squares problem with consensus constraints. This PF is then solved by a Gauss-Newton based inexact ALADIN algorithm presented in the paper. An open-source implementation of this algorithm, called rapidPF+, is provided. Simulation results, for which the power system's dimension varies from 53 to 10224 buses, show great potential of this combination in the aspects of both the computing.
Performance Analysis of detecting Distributed Target Under Correlated K-Distributed Clutter Background

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Sliding window accumulation detector and order statistics-sliding window accumulation detector for missile-borne high-resolution radar target detection are presented in this paper.Their performance under space-time correlated K-distributed clutter background has been investigated.Under null hypothesis, the approximate probability density function expressions for the test statistics are derived, the relationship between false-alarm probability, CFAR detection threshold and clutter parameters are established, based on the theory of generalized K-distribution fitting, moment matching, valid sample size estimation of relevant data and fractional order statistics computing.Both the theoretical analyses and simulation experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Effects of Pimobendan (UD-CG 115 BS) on Left Ventricular Inotropic State in Conscious Dogs and in Patients with Heart Failure

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to examine the time course of the changes in left ventricular inotropic state after intravenous pimobendan administration. In conscious dogs, cuμlative doses of 1 and 2.5 mg of pimobendan significantly increased heart rate and the isovolumic indices of inotropic state and relaxation. The maximal effect, however, required 2 h to be present. The changes in cardiac index and capillary wedge pressure after the intravenous administration of 5 mg to patients with heart failure confirmed this slightly delayed action of pimobendan. Accordingly, the effects of pimobendan on left ventricular inotropic state in patients with moderate to severe heart failure were determined during cardiac catheterization 130–150 min after injection of 5 (n = 3) or 2.5 (n = 4) mg. After drug administration, heart rate increased slightly (+7 beats/min: NS) while left ventricular end-diastolic and systolic pressure both decreased significantly (from 22.7 to 9.2 mm Hg, p < 0.007 and from 123 to 90 mm Hg, p < 0.025, respectively). The isovolumic index of contractility (dP/dt) DP40 increased by 19.6 ± 14.7%. (p < 0.02) and the slope of the late systolic stress-volume relationship improved by 48% P < 0.05). It is concluded that pimobendan is a positive inotropic agent in the failing human heart as well as a powerful veno- and arteriodilator