jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Identification of new NBOH drugs in seized blotter papers: 25B-NBOH, 25C-NBOH, and 25E-NBOH

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Purpose The recreational drug market remains dynamic. After the introduction of 25I-NBOH, an N -benzylphenethylamine and new psychoactive substance, as option for LSD and NBOMe drugs, new NBOH substances have been identified in recent years. Herein, we report our efforts for the identification and structural elucidation of three new NBOHs detected in seized blotter papers: 25B-NBOH, 25C-NBOH, and 25E-NBOH. Methods Blotter papers seized between 2017 and 2018 by local police force in Brazil were submitted to extraction, purification, identification and characterization using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography—mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography—tandem mass spectrometry, and one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results Three new NBOHs were characterized: 2-(((4-ethyl-2,5-dimethoxyphenethyl)amino)methyl)phenol (25E-NBOH, 2C-E-NBOH), 2-(((4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenethyl)amino)methyl)phenol (25C-NBOH, 2C-C-NBOH), and 2-(((4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethyl)amino)methyl)phenol (25B-NBOH, 2C-B-NBOH). Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first report for identification and detailed characterization of 25B-NBOH, 25C-NBOH, and 25E-NBOH in seized samples. NBOH substances are not under United Nations Conventions control. The identification of seized blotter papers between 2014 and beginning of 2019 showed that NBOH substances have become the main hallucinogenic drug in the region. These group are thermolabile under gas chromatographic conditions, demanding other analytical approaches of analysis to avoid misidentifications. Unfortunately, the knowledge about toxicology of NBOHs are limited.
Comparison between ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging of the temporomandibular joint in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A systematic review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives The objectives of this systematic review were to evaluate the correlation between Ultrasound (US) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in patients with JIA and to investigate the association with Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD). Materials and Methods The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022312734). Databases Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, Web of Science, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature were searched. Eligibility criteria were patients with JIA subjected to diagnostic evaluation using US and MRI. No language restrictions were applied. After duplicate study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment according to Cochrane were conducted. Data extraction of patients was conducted by two independent authors. Results Five observational studies were included with 217 participants (153 females and 64 males; mean age 11.3 years). The quality of the studies was overall satisfactory. The correlation between US and MRI in children with JIA was ‘moderate’ in acute arthritis while the chronic arthritis correlated positively in two studies. Conclusions Even if MRI remains the more accurate imaging modality for the detection of TMJ of patients with JIA, US may be useful to early detect pathological conditions and to address the patient with JIA and putative TMJ involvement to a more accurate diagnosis with MRI and consequent appropriate treatment management. Clinical Relevance MRI should be deemed necessary only secondary to less‐invasive assessments with US just to confirm the diagnosis or to increase sensitivity, accuracy of positive predictive values detected.
An Aroma of Spirituality and Indianness in the Poetry of Vishnu P. Joshi

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Vishnu P. Joshi is a familiar name widely published, globally recognized, and innumerably awarded in the world has many published collections of poetry entitled Discover This India Today (1996), Echoes of India (1999), Anjali: Whispers of the Soul (1999) and Anjali: Whispers in the Dawn (2001). Though settled in the U.S.A. and educated in the Western atmosphere, the poet's soul is still pure, immaculate, taintless, and even brimming with the love for India, its people, culture, tradition, and rich heritage. His unfailing attempts to make Indians awake and enlightened with the true Gyana on the famous dictums of Indian Philosophy Uttishth Jagrat Prapya Varannibodhat i.e. ‘Awake and Attain’ and Chraivati Chraivati i.e. ‘Keep on Acting’ inspires the reader to rebuild and reconstruct the Nation as well as unite her, mirror the enormous energy of the poetry and the sacredness of a true poet which sighs and bleeds at the sight of pain and prays for the prosperity of the nation and its people.
Economic impact of port disruptions on industry clusters: A case study of Shenzhen

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Seaport operations are highly important for industries as they rely heavily on imports and exports. A necessary consideration of the port risks is essential to govern the normal running of the seaborne transportation and thus the industrial economies. Trade facilitators, such as ports, will disrupt the smooth flow of supply chains for the industries when a breakdown occurs. The estimation of the economic loss in the industry associated with the port disruption is a challenging task as the relationship between the port and industry clusters is complex. This study aims to examine the existing tools which are in place for the purpose of estimating the risks to industry clusters due to port disruptions. Based on the major limitations of these tools, the study also aims to develop an original approach to address the limitations. This study develops a statistical approach with an integrated Petri Net analysis for the risk assessment in Shenzhen. Recommendations for risk management will be drawn accordingly.
ORIGEN-ARP, A Fast and Easy-to-Use Source Term Generation Tool

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

ORIGEN-ARP is a new SCALE analytical sequence for spent fuel characterization and source term generation that serves as a faster alternative to the SAS2H sequence by using the Automatic Rapid Processing (ARP) methodology for generating problem-dependent ORIGEN-S cross-section libraries. ORIGEN-ARP provides an easy-to-use menu-driven input processor. This new sequence is two orders of magnitude faster than SAS2H while conserving the rigor and accuracy of the SAS2H methodology. ORIGEN-ARP has been validated against pressurized water reactor (PWR) and boiling water reactor (BWR) spent fuel chemical assay data.
Attempts to Reform the WHO Definition of Health (1997–1999)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter takes up a second episode in WHO’s history which has received little attention thus far: the attempt in the late 1990s to change the preamble to the WHO’s constitution—which contains the much-cited definition of health as ‘a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’—to include the phrases ‘dynamic state’ and ‘spiritual dimension’. Even though the Executive Board agreed on this change, the World Health Assembly did not pass the amendment necessary to alter the preamble. This is sometimes interpreted as a rejection of a ‘spiritual dimension’ of health. As this chapter shows, this failure may also rather be understood in a broader context of a major attempt to reform the WHO, including complex structural and budgetary issues, which were postponed—together with the addition of a ‘spiritual dimension’.
Complications of Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation of Spinal Osseous Metastases: An 8-Year Single-Center Experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article was to evaluate the complication rate of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of spinal osseous metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This retrospective HIPAA-compliant study reviewed complications of radiofrequency ablation combined with vertebral augmentation performed on 266 tumors in 166 consecutive patients for management of vertebral metastases between January 2012 and August 2019. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) was used to categorize complications as major (grade 3-4) or minor (grade 1-2). Local tumor control rate as well as pain palliation effects evaluated by the Brief Pain Inventory scores determined 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after treatment were documented. Wilcoxon signed rank and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS. Among 266 treated tumors, the total complication rate was 3.0% (8/266), the major complication rate was 0.4% (1/266), and the minor complication rate was 2.6% (7/266). The single major (CTCAE grade 3) periprocedural complication was characterized by lower extremity weakness, difficulty in urination, and lack of erection as a result of spinal cord venous infarct. The seven minor complications included four cases of periprocedural transient radicular pain (CTCAE grade 2) requiring transforaminal steroid injections, one case of delayed secondary vertebral body fracture (CTCAE grade 2) requiring analgesics, and two cases of asymptomatic spinal cord edema on routine follow-up imaging (CTCAE grade 1). The local tumor control rate was 78.9%. There were statistically significant pain palliation effects at all postprocedural time intervals (p < .001 for all). CONCLUSION. Radiofrequency ablation of spinal osseous metastases is safe with a 3.0% rate of complications.
A multilevel Monte Carlo method for a class of McKean-Vlasov processes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We generalize the multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC) method of Giles to the simulation of systems of particles that interact via a mean field. When the number of particles is large, these systems are described by a McKean-Vlasov process - a stochastic differential equation (SDE) whose coefficients depend on expectations of the solution as well as pathwise data. In contrast to standard MLMC, the new method uses mean field estimates at coarse levels to inform the fine level computations. Using techniques from the theory of propagation of chaos, we prove convergence and complexity results for the algorithm in a special case. We find that the new method achieves $L^1$ error of size $\varepsilon$ with $O(\varepsilon^{-2} (\log \varepsilon)^5)$ complexity, in contrast to the $O(\varepsilon^{-3})$ complexity of standard methods. We also prove a variance scaling result that strongly suggests similar performance of the algorithm in a more general context. We present numerical examples from applications and observe the expected behavior in each case.
Folic acid knowledge and use among expectant mothers in 1997: a comparison with 1996.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study examined changes in folic acid knowledge and use among antenatal women in Dublin maternity hospitals between 1996 and 1997, following a campaign to improve the very low uptake of peri-conceptional folic acid. The results showed significant improvements between the two years. Almost 76% of respondents had heard of folic acid in 1997 compared with 54% in 1996 (p < 0.01), with a shift in the proportion of people hearing of folic acid from hospital doctors to general practitioners (GP). Almost 43% of respondents in 1997 knew that folic acid can prevent spina bifida compared with 21% in 1996 (p < 0.01). A higher proportion was taking folic acid prior to conception in 1997 (16% vs 6%, p < 0.01). We conclude that the improvements may have been in part due to the promotional campaign among health professionals, women's groups and the media. However, less than a fifth of women were taking folic acid peri-conceptionally in 1997 and there is still scope for much improvement.
On the Influence of Heat-Treatment on the Densities and Magnetic Properties of Iron-Aluminium Alloys of Fe<SUB>3</SUB>Al and Neaby Compositions. I. The Density

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We have measured the densities of ferromagnetic iron-aluminium alloys in annealed and in quenched states. The densities of alloys containing more than 10% Al decrease by quenching from 700°C and the observed relative changes are shown to be in good agreement with the values calculated by the use of the change in lattice parameter obtained by Bradley and Jay.
Prophets armed: Muhammad Ibn Khaldun and Niccolò Machiavelli

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406) and Niccolò Machiavelli (1469–1527) lived more than a century apart. Ibn Khaldun’s intellectual formation was complex, but his central beliefs were simple. He held that the glory of God was celebrated in the continual advance of Islam through conquest and through competition between Muslim aspirants to achieve this aim. Machiavelli was also born into a conflict-torn world in which Christian ideals and reasons of state lived uneasily. Their thought is contrasted.
[Role of membrane sialic acid of human granulocytes in the stimulation of NADPH,H+ oxidase activity].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The treatment of human polymorphonuclear cells by neuraminidase "type-X" removes about 15% of cell sialic acid without modifications of NADPH oxidase activity of granulocytes before and after stimulation by opsonized zymosan. A mild periodate treatment oxidizes only the poly-hydroxilic chain of sialic acid with formation of aldehyde groups. This treatment increases cellular NADPH oxidase activity and also largely prevents the stimulation of polymorphonuclear cells by opsonized zymosan.
High plasma insulin level a prime risk factor for heart disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A MLEM-TV-MRP Algorithm for Fast Neutron Computed Tomography Reconstruction of High Statistical Noise and Sparse Sampling

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Fast neutron computed tomography (FNCT) generally needs a longer measurement time because of low source strength and low detection efficiency. In order to reduce measurement time, methods of reducing single measurement time and the numbers of projection are employed, but, the two reductions lead to high statistics noise projections and sparse sampling. A good reconstruction algorithm can reduce the influence of these problems for reconstructed images. In this study, the maximum likelihood-expectation maximization algorithm (MLEM) based on the total variation algorithm (TV) and median root prior algorithm (MRP), named MLEM-TV-MRP has been proposed. The proposal incorporates the assumption of the Poisson distribution of projection noises, gradient image sparseness, and locally monotonous. The use of MLEM in the proposal was for reducing the influence of high statistics noise by considering the statistical characteristics of projection noise; the TV algorithm was employed to decrease the influence of sparse sampling by considering gradient image sparseness. Also, the MRP was introduced to remove artifacts and noise by considering the locally monotonous. In addition, a consistency-controlled steepest descent (CCSD) method and TV change method were respectively employed to adaptively adjust the iteration step-size of TV iteration and adaptively stop TV iteration in the proposed algorithm. A classical noise-free phantom was used to initially test the performance of the proposed algorithm- the results showed high-quality reconstruction. To further illustrate its performance in FNCT, a lead-polyethylene (Pb-CH2) sample with 25 high statistics noise projections was employed. SNR value of MLEM-TV-MRP showed an increase of about 62%, 40.7%, 36.7%, and 12.6% respectively as compared to the single-use of MLEM, MLEM-MRP, TV-POCS (projection on convex sets) and MLEM-TV. Also, the profile of the MLEM-TV-MRP algorithm is found to be closest to that of a reference image. In addition, the MLEM-TV-MRP has good convergence performance especlially in convergence value. The results have demonstrated that the proposed algorithm can greatly reduce the influences of few high statistical noise projections on reconstruction in FNCT.
DSM-IV AXLE I DIAGNOSES ANALYISIS IN 506 PATIENTS WITH SUBSTANCE DEPENDENCE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To evaluate the DSM-Ⅳ Axle I diagnosis in patients with substance dependence. Methods:Structured clinical interviews for DSM-Ⅳ-I patient version (SCID-I/P) was used to assess the diagnosis of Axle I diagnosis in 506 patients with substance dependence. Results:The prevalence of opiates use disorder,alcohol use disorder,sedative-hypnotics use disorder,marijuana use disorder and multiple-drug use disorder were 99.0%,4.5%,9.3%,6.5% and 4.2%,respectively and significant difference was observed in different age groups with marijuana use disorder. The prevalence of stimulants and hallucinogens use disorder were 20.0% and 5.9%,respectively,and significant difference observed both in different gender groups and age groups. The life prevalence of other mental disorders was 16.0%; the prevalence of mood disorders was 8.1% and mainly severe depression or substance induced depression; the prevalence of schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders was 5.7% and mainly substance induced psychiatric disorder; the prevalence of anxiety disorder was 4.0%. Conclusion:During the assessment and treatment for opiates dependence patients,other substances abuse induced psychiatric disorders can not be ignored;stimulants,marijuana,ketamine and multiple-drug abuses are becoming prominent and impacting young and female subgroups,which induced related psychiatric problems,so all the above issues should also be concerned in drug prevention and treatment.
Management of Complications of Bacillus Calmette–Guérin Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Bladder Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the management strategies available for the complications associated with bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy in the treatment of bladder cancer. DATA SOURCES: Clinical literature accessed through MEDLINE (January 1983–January 1999). Key search terms included bacillus Calmette-Guérin, BCG, and bladder cancer. DATA SYNTHESIS: BCG vaccine is a live-attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis; therefore, the risk for complications exists. An evaluation of treatment regimens was conducted, and the management strategies are presented. CONCLUSIONS: The complications associated with BCG immunotherapy range from local reactions to potentially fatal systemic reactions requiring long-term therapy. Therefore, healthcare practitioners need to be aware of the current treatment regimens available.
A cross-sectional study of synchronous liver metastasis in patients with gastric cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

e16015 Background: The specific organ microenvironment can promote the colonization of tumor cells. However, lack of research shed light on the liver microenvironment in synchronous liver metastasis in patients with gastric cancer (synGCLM). With the epidemic of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in China, we aim to explore the influence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) on the risk of synGCLM. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study that enrolled 858 cases of newly diagnosed gastric cancer (GC). SynGCLM confirmed by biopsy or imaging evaluation reported by two senior radiologists. HBsAg-positive was defined as the detection of serum HBsAg more than 10 IU/mL. The prevalence of synGCLM was compared between patients with HBsAg (HBsAg + ) and those without HBsAg (HBsAg - ). The risk factors for synGCLM were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Especially in the HBsAg + GC patients, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), liver fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) levels and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status were further analyzed. Results: The prevalence of synGCLM of the HBsAg + group was 16.7%, higher compared to 7.0% of the HBsAg - group, which was of statistical significance (p = 0.014). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that HBsAg (Odds ratio (OR) = 3.359, p = 0.008), the elevated level of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (OR = 3.775, p < 0.001), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (OR = 6.204, p < 0.001), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) (OR = 5.081, p < 0.001), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (OR = 3.968, p = 0.002) and age (OR = 1.028, p = 0.033) were risk factors for synGCLM. Among the HBsAg + patients, both ARPI and FIB-4 were statistically higher in the patients with synGCLM (synGCLM + ) compared to those without synGCLM (synGCLM - ) (ARPI: p = 0.045; FIB-4: p = 0.047); HBeAg positivity was detected in 20.0% of synGCLM + patients compared to 6.0% of synGCLM - patients, but the difference was of no significance (p = 0.190). Conclusions: HBV infection is a risk factor for synGCLM whereas elevated ARPI and FIB-4 may be pro-metastatic especially among the HBsAg + GC patients. Age, preoperative CEA, AFP, GGT and ALP levels are associated with increased risk of synGCLM.
Overview of Geology as Related to Environmental Concerns in New Mexico: ABSTRACT

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

End_Page 560------------------------------Environmental problems in New Mexico, as elsewhere, arise from modern society's intensive use of the earth. The hallmark of environmental geology should be effective communication with nongeologists. Available information on deep-seated and surficial geologic processes and products should be clearly presented. Above all, the impact of these processes and products on human affairs must be put in proper time-space perspective. The following examples of geology-related problems discussed in this paper reflect the varied geologic terranes and physiography of the state. Large deposits of coal, uranium, and natural gas underlie tablelands and valleys of the Colorado Plateau province. Environmental concerns include impacts of underground mining, mine and mill waste disposal, and power-plant siting. Rugged terrane, relatively cool-moist climate, and mass-wasting processes characterize high mountain areas throughout the state. Mineral and forest exploitation has affected these areas for several centuries. Modern society increasingly uses alpine terranes for intensive recreational pursuits, and development of geothermal resources is planned in several areas. Extensive Quaternary solution-subsidence features associated with Permian carbonate and evaporite terranes in the Great Plains-Pecos Valley region are being investigated in connection with evaluation f bedded salt as a repository for radioactive wastes. In the Basin and Range province traditional environmental concerns relate to management of water resources in the Rio Grande Valley and adjacent intermontane basins. Metal mining and agriculture have had significant impacts. Recent geologic investigations have focused on young faults and site selection for hazardous-waste disposal. End_of_Article - Last_Page 561------------