jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of sialic acid related substances on Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in rat trachea vulnerated by hydrochloric acid

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To investigate whether sialic acid disaccharides, specificity agglutinins and neuramidinases could inhibit Pseudomonas aeruginose infection in rat trachea vulnerated by hydrochloric acid. Methods One hundred and forty male Wistar rats were vulnerated by hydrochloric acid through intratracheal instillation and then inoculated by Pseudomonas aeruginose admixed Sial α2,3-Gal, Sial α2,6-GalNAc, Maackia amurensis agglutinin, Sambucus nigra agglutinin, specificity α2,3-neuramidinase or non-specificity neuramidinase respectively. Thirty minutes and 48 h after inoculation, whole trachea of 8 rats in each group was weighed, homogenated, and quantitative bacterial culture was performed while whole trachea of another 2 was fixed in 10% methanol, embedded with paraffin and HE stained. Results Sial α2,3-related disaccharide, agglutinin and neuramidinases could decrease colony count of trachea 30 min after inoculation remarkably. But only Sial α2,3-Gal and neuramidinases could obviously decrease colony count 48 h later. Sial α2,6-related substrances have not analogical effects. Conclusion Sial α2,3-related substrances could interfere Pseudomonas aeruginose binding/multiplication in the trachea, especially Sial α2,3-Gal and neuramidinase.
The Ugly Duckling, Hans Christian Anderson: A Story of Transformation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Ugly Duckling is a small story that offers universal hope to the disenfranchised. Here, a misfit, rejected by family and society, makes the microcosmic journey of all who seek self-actualization. Therefore, to understand the significance of the transformation, from ugly to beautiful, it is important to view the passage against the backdrop of Andersen's life.
Comparison of Preprocessing Methods Impact on Detection of Soldering Splashes Using Different YOLOv8 Versions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

Quality inspection of electronic boards during manufacturing process is crucial step especially in the case of specific and expensive power electronics modules. Soldering splashes occurrence decreases the reliability and electric properties of final products. The aim of this paper is to compare different YOLOv8 models (small, medium, large) with the combination of basic image preprocessing techniques to achieve the best possible performance of designed algorithm. As preprocessing methods contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) and image color channels manipulation are used. Results show that suitable combination of YOLOv8 model and preprocessing methods leads to increase the recall parameter. In our inspection task, the recall can be considered as the most important metric. The results are supported by the standard two-way ANOVA test.
A general kernel boosting framework integrating pathways for predictive modeling based on genomic data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Predictive modeling based on genomic data has gained popularity in biomedical research and clinical practice by allowing researchers and clinicians to identify biomarkers and tailor treatment decisions more efficiently. Analysis incorporating pathway information can boost discovery power and better connect new findings with biological mechanisms. In this article, we propose a general framework, Pathway-based Kernel Boosting (PKB), which incorporates clinical information and prior knowledge about pathways for prediction of binary, continuous and survival outcomes. We introduce appropriate loss functions and optimization procedures for different outcome types. Our prediction algorithm incorporates pathway knowledge by constructing kernel function spaces from the pathways and use them as base learners in the boosting procedure. Through extensive simulations and case studies in drug response and cancer survival datasets, we demonstrate that PKB can substantially outperform other competing methods, better identify biological pathways related to drug response and patient survival, and provide novel insights into cancer pathogenesis and treatment response.
Estimation of Heterosis and Heterobeltiosis in F1 Hybrids of Upland Cotton

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present study was performed to evaluate the expression per se performance and heterosis effect for quantitative traits of 12hybrid involving seven varieties as testers in line x tester analysis. Experiment was grown under field conditions during 2012-2013 at experimental farm of Nuclear Institute of Agriculture, Tando Jam. It is noticed that the crosses involving genotypes Chandi-95, Bt-703, Bt-802 and Sadori exhibited higher performance mean and positive heterosis over mid parent and better parent heterosis for yield contributing characters like for plant height, sympodial branches, boll weight, bolls per plant and seedcotton well . Therefore transgressive F1 hybrids and heterosis can be exploited to create genetic variability followed by the selection of high yielding genotypes of cotton and establish lines with superior features and improved through subsidiaries to bring income seedcotton, however, segregating generations the degree of heterosis is a key factor for use
EFFECTIVE ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING: COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES OF SPECIALIZED AND NON-SPECIALIZED EDUCATORS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research explores the communication strategies employed by educators, English language and their impact on student engagement and learning outcomes. Researcher will take interviews of different educators, including both specialize and non- specialized, was surveyed to identify the various techniques they use in the classroom. Additionally, in-depth interviews were conducted to gain qualitative insights into their teaching practices. The hypostasis of the present reach will indicate that specialized teachers often use more colloquial language and cultural references as well as focus of quality, non- specialized teachers emphasize clarity and repetition. The research will also focus on student review related to specialized and non- specialized teachers this is also a key point of research. The findings suggest that a blended approach, incorporating the strengths of both specialized and non- specialized teachers, can lead to more effective English language teaching. These insights can inform teacher training programs and help develop more holistic communication strategies in ELT classrooms.
The Mission of Sir Frederick Leith-Ross to the Far East, 1935–1936

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

From August 1935 to July 1936 Sir Frederick Leith-Ross, the Chief Economic Adviser to the British Government, was away from Britain on an official mission to the Far East. While accepting that, as Hankey, the secretary to the cabinet, put it, after Leith-Ross had been away for several months, he was a ‘distinguished Civil Servant’ whose ‘services could, with difficulty, be spared from European problems’, the aim of this paper is not to describe in detail what Leith-Ross did during his lengthy Far Eastern sojourn: on that he himself wrote an account which was published just before his death. The purpose is rather, by studying the origins of the mission and the reactions to it in British Government circles concerned with Far Eastern policy, to cast light on that policy during Britain's last few years as a great power in the Far East.3 Within die Foreign Office itself, Far Eastern policy was to a large degree the preserve of die professional staff concerned with it. The most senior of these in 1935 were C. W. Orde, head of the Far Eastern department, Sir John Pratt and Sir Victor Wellesley.
Dynamic ground risk assessment for safe UAV operations based on mass rapid transit (MRT) data

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become increasingly popular in recent years for various purposes. As UAVs become prevalent, there is increased Third-Party Risk associated with their operations, especially in urban areas with high population density. One of the solutions to improve safety is implementing integrated risk cost path planning. This study proposes a method to improve the accuracy of integrated risk cost path planning by implementing a dynamic ground risk assessment model based on dynamic population density. Singapore Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) using data from different subzone locations was collected and studied extensively to identify temporal trends. A temporal prediction model of MRT usage was developed using Random Forest Regression. Based on the prediction, the Gravity Model was used to diffuse the prediction volume output of different timings so dynamic risk index grid cells of 100m x 100m can be obtained and applied to integrated risk cost path planning for safer UAV operations.
Microtransferrinuria and microalbuminuria. I. In the diabetic human.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We studied albumin, transferrin and total protein excretion in the urine of 110 diabetics visiting a family practice department. Of these patients 18.2% had an elevated total urinary protein above the reference range (greater than 200 mg/g creatinine). Of the remaining patients (normoproteinuria), 25.5% have elevated transferrin (greater than 0.9 mg/g creatinine) while 18.8% have elevated albumin (greater than 32 mg/g creatinine). The correlation coefficient between transferrin and albumin in urine when total urinary protein is normal was 0.77. Moderate exercise increased urinary transferrin in normal subjects 950%, while for albumin the increase was 440%. These data demonstrate the usefulness of microtransferrinuria, a potentially more sensitive indicator than microalbuminuria for diabetic nephropathy.
Herbal Benefits of Tea

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This chapter per the authors will introduce the reader to Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) and shall discuss herbalism as a subset of CAM. Particular emphasis will be placed on herbal teas or rather infusions and decoctions used in disease therapy. This chapter will enumerate the different types of teas and shall use maps, graphs, and other tools to illustrate location, consumption, use and availability. Furthermore, the authors will highlight potential health benefits, recent studies (in vitro, in vivo) undertaken by research scientists to validate efficacy, and shall call for more research (clinical data management, clinical trials, etc.) and support for ongoing work in this area of expertise. The authors shall place a spotlight on the plant family, Asteraceae, and their herbal plants of interest, Artemisia annua and Brickellia cavanillesii. Extensive studies have been performed to determine the therapeutic potential of Brickellia cavanillesii plant at Ernest E. Smith laboratory, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH), Texas Tech University, Lubbock, USA.
In Vitro Approaches to Determine the Potential Carcinogenic Risk of Environmental Pollutants

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

One important environmental/health challenge is to determine, in a feasible way, the potential carcinogenic risk associated with environmental agents/exposures. Since a significant proportion of tumors have an environmental origin, detecting the potential carcinogenic risk of environmental agents is mandatory, as regulated by national and international agencies. The challenge mainly implies finding a way of how to overcome the inefficiencies of long-term trials with rodents when thousands of agents/exposures need to be tested. To such an end, the use of in vitro cell transformation assays (CTAs) was proposed, but the existing prevalidated CTAs do not cover the complexity associated with carcinogenesis processes and present serious limitations. To overcome such limitations, we propose to use a battery of assays covering most of the hallmarks of the carcinogenesis process. For the first time, we grouped such assays as early, intermediate, or advanced biomarkers which allow for the identification of the cells in the initiation, promotion or aggressive stages of tumorigenesis. Our proposal, as a novelty, points out that using a battery containing assays from all three groups can identify if a certain agent/exposure can pose a carcinogenic risk; furthermore, it can gather mechanistic insights into the mode of the action of a specific carcinogen. This structured battery could be very useful for any type of in vitro study, containing human cell lines aiming to detect the potential carcinogenic risks of environmental agents/exposures. In fact, here, we include examples in which these approaches were successfully applied. Finally, we provide a series of advantages that, we believe, contribute to the suitability of our proposed approach for the evaluation of exposure-induced carcinogenic effects and for the development of an alternative strategy for conducting an exposure risk assessment.
Optimization of a New Asymmetric-Hybrid-PM Machine With High Torque Density and Low Torque Ripple Considering the Difference of Magnetic Materials

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this article, a new asymmetric PM-placed rotor topology is applied to the conventional less-rare-Earth hybrid magnet machine, where such new placement of hybrid magnets can be designed to improve the torque performance effectively. Considering the difference between the two magnetic materials, the optimal placement scheme of NdFeB-PMs and ferrite-PMs in the rotor are determined by theoretical derivation of equivalent magnetic circuit and finite element analysis. Based on the torque component separation analysis using frozen permeability method, the sizes of the two magnets are preliminarily designed to improve the utilization of reluctance torque and to reduce the superposition coupling loss of PM torque. Then, based on the parameter sensitivity analysis, the proposed asymmetric-hybrid-PM machine (AHPM) is further optimized aiming at the multi-objective of torque performance and anti-demagnetization performance. Finally, a prototype motor is fabricated and tested. Both the theoretical analysis and experimental results verify the effectiveness and reasonability of the AHPM and the proposed design method.
Mathematical Models and Routing Algorithms for CAM of Technological Support of Cutting Processes

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Technologies Intermittent Cutting Problem and Endpoint Cutting Problem for cutting the sheet material belong to so called resource-saving technologies. These technologies allow to overlap the contours of cut-off details. This paper is devoted to review of mathematical models for cut-off the details by these technologies and algorithms for defining the cutter route according to some technological restrictions.
NMAC opposes H.R. 1289: Newborn Infant HIV Notification act.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

H.R. 1289, the Newborn Infant HIV Notification Act in Congress, will require states to disclose the results of HIV testing of a newborn infant to the biological mother, if she is the legal guardian of the infant. It also requires that in disclosing the HIV test results, the state shall bear the responsibility to ensure that appropriate counseling is provided to the individual about HIV. While NMAC recognizes the importance of identifying HIV infected newborns and providing them with early medical care and treatment, it opposes the means by which H.R. 1289 tries to achieve this goal. The proposed legislation violates the mother's right to written informed consent and pre- and post-test counseling. The proposed law may deter women from seeking prenatal care. A viable alternative would be to provide all pregnant and post-partum women with counseling and voluntary testing. No adequate provision is made for the delivery of medical and social services for women and infants who have a positive HIV-antibody test. The tests do not accurately reflect the HIV status of most newborns as 75 percent of those that test positive at birth will shed the HIV antibodies after 15-18 months. Finally, the cooperation of women is essential to the treatment of their infants. The threat of mandatory testing will intimidate and alienate mothers, possibly causing them to avoid the health care system and treatment. As a result of this proposed legislation, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has suspended the HIV survey in childbearing women.
Ca2+-mobilizing hormones induce sequentially ordered Ca2+ signals in multicellular systems of rat hepatocytes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The development of hormone-mediated Ca2+ signals was analysed in polarized doublets, triplets and quadruplets of rat hepatocytes by video imaging of fura2 fluorescence. These multicellular models showed dilated bile canaliculi, and gap junctions were observed by using an anti-connexin-32 antibody. They also showed highly organized Ca2+ signals in response to vasopressin or noradrenaline. Surprisingly, the primary rises in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) did not start randomly from any cell of the multiplet. It originated invariably in the same hepatocyte (first-responding cell), and then was propagated in a sequential manner to the nearest connected cells (cell 2, then 3, in triplets; cell 2, 3, then 4 in quadruplets). The sequential activation of the cells appeared to be an intrinsic property of multiplets of rat hepatocytes. (1) In the continued presence of hormones, the same sequential order was observed up to six times, i.e. at each train of oscillations occurring between the cells. (2) The order of [Ca2+]i responses was modified neither by the repeated addition of hormones nor by the hormonal dose. (3) The mechanical disruption of an intermediate cell slowed down the speed of the propagation, suggesting a role of gap junctions in the rapidity of the sequential activation of cells. (4) The same multiplet could have a different first-responding cell for vasopressin or noradrenaline, suggesting a role of the hormonal receptors in the sequentiality of cell responses. It is postulated that a functional heterogeneity of hormonal receptors, and the presence of functional gap junctions, are involved in the existence of sequentially ordered hormone-mediated [Ca2+]i rises in the multiplets of rat hepatocytes.
Emergency airway management in a Singapore centre: A registry study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Intubations in the emergency department (ED) are often performed immediately without the benefit of pre-selection or the ability to defer. Multicentre observational data provide a framework for understanding emergency airway management but regional practice variation may exist. We aim to describe the intubation indications, prevalence of difficult airway features, peri-intubation adverse events and intubator characteristics in the ED of the National University Hospital, Singapore. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study over a period of 31 months from 1 March 2016 to 28 September 2018. Information regarding each intubation attempt, such as indications for intubation, airway assessment, intubation techniques used, peri-intubation adverse events, and clinical outcomes, was collected and described. Results: There were 669 patients, with male predominance (67.3%, 450/669) and mean age of 60.9 years (standard deviation [SD] 18.1). Of these, 25.6% were obese or grossly obese and majority were intubated due to medical indications (84.8%, 567/669). Emergency physicians’ initial impression of difficult airway correlated with a higher grade of glottis view on laryngoscopy. First-pass intubation success rate was 86.5%, with hypoxia (11.2%, 75/669) and hypotension (3.7%, 25/669) reported as the two most common adverse events. Majority was rapid sequence intubation (67.3%, 450/669) and the device used was most frequently a video laryngoscope (75.6%, 506/669). More than half of the intubations were performed by postgraduate clinicians in year 5 and above, clinical fellows or attending physicians. Conclusion: In our centre, the majority of emergency intubations were performed for medical indications by senior doctors utilising rapid sequence intubation and video laryngoscopy with good ffirst-attempt success. Keywords: Difficult airway, emergency services, intubation, peri-intubation adverse events, rapid sequence induction
Novel insights into exosomal circular RNAs: Redefining intercellular communication in cancer biology

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Exosomes, a special type of membrane‐bound extracellular vesicle regarded as an ideal carrier for intercellular messages, play an essential role in intercellular communication both locally and systematically. Recent studies have reported that circular RNAs (circRNAs), members of the noncoding RNA family, are abundant and stable in exosomes. As an essential mediator of intercellular communication within cancer cells or between cancer cells and noncancerous cells, exosomal circRNAs participate in multiple aspects of cancer. In this review, we summarize the biogenesis, properties and functions of exosomal circRNAs. In particular, we describe their intercellular transfer in the tumour microenvironment and associate their biological functions with different phenotypes of cancer. Finally, we discuss potential clinical applications in the future.
An Enhanced -Shock Maintenance Model under Partial Product Process

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we study an enhanced - shock maintenance model under partial product process. This paper examines the replacement model and partial product process for a decaying system under various circumstances. Using the -shock maintenance model under partial product process, an enhanced -shock maintenance model is developed for a deteriorating system with replacement policy T. Explicit expressions for the long run average cost under this model is developed. Existence of optimality conditions are deduced. Finally, conclusion is given.
Reply on RC2

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Martian gullies are kilometer-scale geologically young features with a source alcove, transportation channel, and depositional fan. On the walls of impact craters, these gullies typically incise into bedrock or surfaces modified by latitude dependent mantle (LDM; inferred as consisting ice and admixed dust) and glaciation. To better understand the differences in alcoves and fans of gullies formed in different substrates and infer the flow types that led to their formation, we have analyzed the morphology and morphometry of 167 gully systems in 29 craters distributed between 30° S and 75° S. Specifically we measured length, width, gradient, area, relief, and relief ratio of alcove and fan, melton ratio, relative concavity index, and perimeter, form factor, elongation ratio and circularity ratio of the alcoves. Our study reveals that alcoves formed in LDM/glacial deposits are more elongated than the alcoves formed in bedrock, and possess a distinctive V-shaped cross section. We have found that mean gradient of fans formed by gullies sourced in bedrock is steeper than the mean gradient of fans of gullies sourced in LDM/glacial deposits. These differences between gullies were found to be statistically significant and discriminant analysis has confirmed that alcove perimeter, alcove relief and fan gradient are the most important variables for differentiating gullies according to their source substrates. The comparison between the melton ratio, alcove length and fan gradient of Martian and terrestrial gullies reveals that Martian gully systems were likely formed by terrestrial debris-flow like processes. It is likely that the present-day sublimation of CO2 ice on Mars provided the adequate flow fluidization for the formation of deposits akin to terrestrial debris-flow like deposits.