jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Review Neglected Tropical Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa: Review of Their Prevalence, Distribution, and Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract: The neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are the most common conditions affecting the poorest 500 million people living in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and together produce a burden of disease that may be equivalent to up to one-half of SSA’s malaria disease burden and more than double that caused by tubercu-losis. Approximately 85 % of the NTD disease burden results from helminth infections. Hookworm infection occurs in almost half of SSA’s poorest people, including 40–50 million school-aged children and 7 million preg-nant women in whom it is a leading cause of anemia. Schistosomiasis is the second most prevalent NTD after hookworm (192 million cases), accounting for 93 % of the world’s number of cases and possibly associated with increased horizontal transmission of HIV/AIDS. Lymphatic filariasis (46–51 million cases) and onchocerciasis (37 million cases) are also widespread in SSA, each disease representing a significant cause of disability and reduction in the region’s agricultural productivity. There is a dearth of information on Africa’s non-helminth NTDs. The protozoan infections, human African trypanosomiasis and visceral leishmaniasis, affect almost 100,000 people, primarily in areas of conflict in SSA where they cause high mortality, and where trachoma is the most prevalent bacterial NTD (30 million cases). However, there are little or no data on some very important protozoan infections, e.g., amebiasis and toxoplasmosis; bacterial infections, e.g., typhoid fever and non-typhoidal salmonellosis, the tick-borne bacterial zoonoses, and non-tuberculosis my-cobaterial infections; and arboviral infections. Thus, the overall burden of Africa’s NTDs may be severely under-estimated. A full assessment is an important step for disease control priorities, particularly in Nigeria and the Democratic Republic of Congo, where the greatest number of NTDs may occur.
Identification of a cell-specific DNA-binding activity that interacts with a transcriptional activator of genes expressed in the acinar pancreas.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Footprint analysis of the 5'-flanking regions of the alpha-amylase 2, elastase 2, and trypsina genes, which are expressed in the acinar pancreas, showed multiple sites of protein-DNA interaction for each gene. Competition experiments demonstrated that a region from each 5'-flanking region interacted with the same cell-specific DNA-binding activity. We show by in vitro binding assays that this DNA-binding activity also recognizes a sequence within the 5'-flanking regions of elastase 1, chymotrypsinogen B, carboxypeptidase A, and trypsind genes. Methylation interference and protection studies showed that the DNA-binding activity recognized a bipartite motif, the subelements of which were separated by integral helical turns of DNA. The alpha-amylase 2 cognate sequence was found to enhance in vivo transcription of its own promoter in a cell-specific manner, which identified the DNA-binding activity as a transcription factor (PTF 1). The observation that PTF 1 bound to DNA sequences that have been defined as transcriptional enhancers by others suggests that this factor is involved in the coordinate expression of genes transcribed in the acinar pancreas.
A source for awareness-dependent figure–ground segregation in human prefrontal cortex

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Significance Figure–ground segregation, segmenting images by the visual system into figures and background, is the first processing step on the way to visual perception and relies on three complementary processes: boundary detection, region filling, and background suppression. By combining psychophysics, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and effective connectivity analysis, we showed that awareness was important for both region filling and background suppression, but less so for boundary detection. More importantly, we revealed that the awareness-dependent region-filling and background-suppression processes in V1 were derived by feedback from FEF and DLPFC, respectively. Our study indicates an awareness-dependent figure–ground segregation and identifies the human prefrontal cortex as a source of this fundamental process.
Study on Antioxidation of Glycoprotein from Extract of Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma in vivo

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To study the antioxidation of Polygonatum glycoprotein crude extract in mice.Methods Polygonatum glycoprotein extracted with petroleum ether was administered to mice with high-,medium-and low-dose.The kit was used to determine the contents of malondialdehyde(MDA) and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase enzyme(GSH-Px) and catalase(CAT) in serum,liver and brain.Results Polygonatum glycoprotein crude extract could improve the activities of SOD,CAT and GSH-Px in serum,liver and brain,meanwhile reduce the contents of MDA in serum,liver and brain.Conclusion Polygonatum glycoprotein crude extract has certain antioxidant activity.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "TaxonKey is Panicum maximum Nees, 1841", "Country is Cook Islands", "HasCoordinate is true" ] } The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0110394-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
Acute Administration of Diazepam Provokes Redox Homeostasis Imbalance in the Rat Brain: Prevention by Simvastatin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

We investigated the effects of acute diazepam (DZP) administration on thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) levels, protein carbonyl content, and on the activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase in the brain of rats. Additionally, we investigated the antioxidant role of chronic pretreatment with simvastatin on the effects provoked by DZP. Simvastatin was administered (1 or 10 mg/kg by oral gavage) for 30 days. On the 30th day of treatment, groups were randomized and DZP was administered (0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg by intraperitoneal injection). Control groups received saline. Results showed that DZP enhanced TBARS levels and protein carbonyl content and altered enzymatic activity in the brain of rats. Simvastatin prevented most of the alterations caused by DZP on the oxidative stress parameters. Data indicate that DZP administration causes an oxidative imbalance in the brain areas studied; however, in the presence of simvastatin, some of these alterations in oxidative stress were prevented.
A Primer on Asian Americans and Asian American Studies for Public Administration

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article serves as an introduction for public administration and public institutions about Asian Americans. The experiences of Asian Americans and the field of Asian American Studies can inform a more nuanced understanding of how racial categories are constructed and community-led efforts that lead to institutional change. Asian Americans offer important insights for public administration, including how to contend with intra- and intergroup differences, how racialization upholds white supremacy, and how to document community-based histories of activism and engagement with public institutions. We end with recommendations to rethink diversity and racial climate in the field. Through a more in-depth understanding of racial categories, public institutions can improve resource distribution and decision-making.
Epicyclic Oscillations around Simpson–Visser Regular Black Holes and Wormholes

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study epicyclic oscillatory motion along circular geodesics of the Simpson–Visser meta-geometry describing in a unique way regular black-bounce black holes and reflection-symmetric wormholes by using a length parameter l. We give the frequencies of the orbital and epicyclic motion in a Keplerian disc with inner edge at the innermost circular geodesic located above the black hole outer horizon or on the our side of the wormhole. We use these frequencies in the epicyclic resonance version of the so-called geodesic models of high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (HF QPOs) observed in microquasars and around supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei to test the ability of this meta-geometry to improve the fitting of HF QPOs observational data from the surrounding of supermassive black holes. We demonstrate that this is really possible for wormholes with sufficiently high length parameter l.
Laboratory Detection and Analysis of Common Viral Pathogens of Pig Farms in 11 Provinces during the First Half of 2010 Year

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

To understand the recent prevalence of several viral diseases in sick pig farms,147 tissue specimens were collected from 50 farms in 11 provinces(cities) and examined during January 2010 to May 2010 by RT-PCR and PCR methods.And 458 serum samples from 26 farms were examined for pseudorabies gE antibodies by ELISA method.The positive rate of porcine circovirus type 2(PCV2) was highest with 75.3%(70/93).The positive rate of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV) followed with 57.4%(78/136),and that of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(HP-PRRSV) was 43.5%(54/124).The positive rates of classical swine fever virus(CSFV) and pseudorabies virus(PRV) were 37.7%(52/138) and 21.0%(21/100),respectively.The positive rate of pseudorabies gE antibody was 16.4%(75/458).46.9%(69/147) of samples including two and more than two species pathogens were detected,and HP-PRRSV+PCV2,CSFV+PCV2,and CSFV+HP-PRRSV+PCV2 were three forms of the most common.PRRSV(50.0%) was the most common cause of pig reproductive disorders;CSFV(56.0%) and PCV2(48.0%) were the common causes of diarrhea in the pre /post-weaning;HP-PRRSV(53.5%),CSFV(50.7%) and PCV2(48.0%) were commonly detected in nursery pigs with high fever syndrome.The results provided references for the diagnosis,prevention and control of swine diseases.
The effect of hemoglobin ligands on the kinetics of human hemoglobin A1c formation.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

HbA1c is the most prevalent of the minor human hemoglobins. It is formed by the nonenzymatic addition of glucose to the alpha-amino group of the beta chain by an initial condensation reaction and a subsequent intermolecular Amadori rearrangement. We have developed a method of analysis which utilizes high performance liquid chromatography to follow the formation of HbA1c and greatly simplifies the determination of the kinetic parameters associated with this reaction. This has allowed us to study the effects of several Hb ligands, including the hydrogen ion, on the kinetics of this glycosylation reaction. Both the initial condensation reaction and the subsequent rearrangement are shown to exhibit acid catalysis, but the rate of the condensation step is limited by the extent of protonation of the alpha-amino group. The variation in kinetic parameters as a function of hydrogen ion concentration has allowed us to determine the probable reaction mechanism of HbA1c formation by comparison to previously reported model systems of Schiff base formation and Amadori rearrangement. The formation of pre-HbA1c from deoxy-Hb shows an increased forward rate when compared to oxy-Hb. The presence of physiologic concentrations of CO2 causes a proportional decrease in both k1 and k-1. 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate causes a significant increase in the keq of the formation reaction. The effects of CO and the substitution of L-glucose for D-glucose are not significant.
Measuring and Explaining Management in Schools: New Approaches Using Public Data

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Why do some students learn more in some schools than others? One consideration receiving growing attention is school management. To study this, researchers need to be able to measure school management accurately and cheaply at scale, and also explain any observed relationship between school management and student learning. This paper introduces a new approach to measurement using existing public data, and applies it to build a management index covering 15,000 schools across 65 countries, and another index covering nearly all public schools in Brazil. Both indices show a strong, positive relationship between school management and student learning. The paper then develops a simple model that formalizes the intuition that strong management practices might be driving learning gains via incentive and selection effects among teachers, students and parents. The paper shows that the predictions of this model hold in public data for Latin America, and draws out implications for policy.
You can have your park and eat it, too: designing a public food forest for a Winnipeg park

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The industrialization and commodification of the food system has brought about unintended environmental, social, and psychological consequences: ecosystems have been degraded, food-related traditions and social ties have been lost, and food illiteracy is on the rise as urbanized society becomes increasingly distanced from the processes of food production. Urban agriculture can address these concerns by providing opportunities to connect communities, promote food literacy, and create a demand for more sustainable food production. Introducing urban agriculture to public parks could diversify park programming and increase public engagement with food production. However, parks can be challenging urban agriculture sites due to their aesthetic standards and open access to the public. Public food forests respond well to these challenges, making them especially well suited to public parks compared to other forms of urban agriculture. Successful implementation of public food forests in parks requires cooperation and partnerships between professional designers, local communities, and government agencies, as well as positive relationships within the food forest community. This practicum demonstrates these ideas through the design of a public food forest in a Winnipeg park, aiming to inspire designers, government bodies, and communities in Winnipeg and beyond to reconceptualize public parks as potential places for sustainable, aesthetically mindful, and socially beneficial food production.
Martyria as One of the Christian Aspects of the Helping Worker

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Článek se zabývá tématem martyrie jako jednoho z křesťanských aspektů pomáhajícího pracovníka. V první části se článek věnuje vymezení termínu křesťanský pomáhající pracovník a zodpovězení otázky, zda pod tímto označením rozumíme křesťanského pracovníka či pracovníka jednajícího křesťansky. V druhé části článek pojednává o úkolu křesťanského pomáhajícího pracovníka být vůči druhým lidem Božím svědkem - martyrem. Ukazuje tři aspekty tohoto svědectví: pomáhajícího pracovníka jako martyra Boží kenoze, jako martyra Božího con-solatio a konečně jako martyra Boží proměňující moci v člověku.
Trends in pharmaceutical analysis and quality control by modern Raman spectroscopic techniques

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The application of Raman spectroscopic methods in life science applications has entered a new era due to advances in instrumentation, miniaturization and, most importantly, increased interdisciplinary dialogue between spectroscopists and end users such as clinicians or pharmacists. Advances in laser sampling technologies, optical instruments and data analysis provide new possibilities for optical sensing and chemical imaging. Raman based technologies are being driven by these new developments, opening new applications for advanced pharmaceutical development and manufacturing. Due to, non-destructive and label free quality testing of drug formulations, Raman sensing is of particular interest for process-related aspects in bioprocessing. The trend to personalized medicine, particularly for pediatric and geriatric applications increased the number of prescriptions of individually tailored medicines manufactured in public pharmacies. This article discusses trends and updates of Raman based analytics and how Raman spectroscopic information can create value for modern pharmaceutical applications and processes. The first section reviews Raman modalities that have great potential for on-site applications in the pharmaceutical industry as well as in research and development. The second section provides an overview of innovative Raman spectroscopic devices and the many possibilities in terms of analytical capabilities and sample properties. Photonic data science has been an important driver for Raman based technologies breakthroughs in the last decade and help to standardize Raman spectral analysis, which is discussed in the third section. In the last section we discuss how to translate Raman based innovations into user-friendly on-site applications.
Assessment Of Serum Level Of Selenium And Manganese In B-Thalassemia Major Patients In Beni-Suef University Hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

β- thalassemia major (β-TM) is one of the most common inherited single gene disorder .Children with Thalassemia frequently have poor growth and delayed pubertal development. Selenium and manganese are factors responsible for growth and puberty disorders in thalassemic patients. Assessment of serum levels of selenium and manganese in patients with β thalassemia major in Pediatric Haematology Clinic in Beni Suef University Hospital. Blood was taken from 50 pediatric patients with b thalassemia major, and 50 normal children as controls . All children were age and sex matched . all children were subjected to full history taking and full clinical examination and investigation was done in the form of CBC, serum Ferritin , serum Selenium and Manganese were measured using spectrophotometer.Patients with β- thalassemia major have high serum manganese level as compared to normal controls with P value of (0.000), while serum selenium level is insignificant as compared to normal controls with P value of (0.119)
Methamphetamine‐involved OD deaths almost tripled in 4 years

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Between 2015 and 2019, methamphetamine‐involved overdose deaths nearly tripled, according to a study released last week by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). The number of people who reported using methamphetamine did not increase at the same pace, but the study, published Sept. 22 in JAMA Psychiatry , suggested that changes in patterns of use, and populations who use methamphetamine, have become riskier.
A New Species of Hymenophyllum from Central America

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Filmy Fern genus Hymenophyllum includes an interesting and closely knit complex of species, treated by C. V. Morton (1947) as sect. Sphaerocionium, subsect. Lanata. Morton (1968) revised the classification of Hymenophyllaceae and placed this group in subg. and sect. Sphaerocionium, subsect. Hirsuta. latter is distinguished by the following characteristics: segment margins entire rather than toothed; blades bearing stellate trichomes on the leaf surface between, as well as on, the veins; and veins lacking accessory wings not in the same plane as the leaf. group contains 20-25 species, which occur chiefly in the neotropics. While studying subsect. Hirsuta for The Flora of Guatemala; I came upon a new species of Hymenophyllum represented by specimens previously undetermined or misidentified as H. sieberi (Presl) v. d. Bosch or H. trapezoidale Liebm. A few of those determined as H. sieberi had been annotated by Morton; perhaps he (1947, p. 180) was referring to these when he said, Some of the Guatemalan specimens are more or less aberrant.
Applying integrated, spatial tools in the framework of the EU cohesion policy (2014-2020)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The need for a thorough comprehension and integration of the spatial features of European policies into the planning practice has recently emerged and has been reinforced. The recognition in the Treaty of Lisbon of the territorial cohesion as being the third target of the Policy, combined with the aims of the financial and social cohesion has further strengthened its spatial dimension. The 2014-20 EU Cohesion Policy phase introduced and integrated a place-based approach along with the promotion of spatial governance. In this context, ITI and CLLDs were adopted by EU member states in different territorial units. The present paper investigates the degree of integration of the spatial dimensions of the Cohesion Policy by the member states during that period. What is pursued is an evaluation of the way and the degree of the place-based approach adoption in the frame of the Integrated Territorial Development policy. Thus, each country's spatial dimension of development planning will be assessed within this context. The research is based on a comparative analysis of Member States’ key policy documents. The key questions focus on functionality and potential scope, the integration approach, and the utilization of the territorial tools of spatial development. The main findings indicate the decisive role the new tools play in the strengthening of the spatial dimension of cohesion policy along with the need for strengthening governance structures.
[Changes in the isoenzymatic makeup of pyruvate kinase in hepatic carcinogenesis].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Together with an increase in the total activity of pyruvate kinase, alterations in the isoenzyme spectrum were observed in hepatocarcinogenesis caused by treatment of rats with diethylinitrosamine. The alterations might be divided into two steps: initial, reversible changes and changes immediately related to development of the blastomatous process. The total activity of pyruvate kinase was gradually increased with appearance of hyperplastic symptoms as well as of primary tumoral foci in liver tissue. The M2-type of pyruvate kinase tended to exhibit activation. In primary hepatomas the L-type of the enzyme was decreased and activity of the M2-type was increased.
[Two approches to vulnerability: Bostrom's transhumanism and an anthropology focused on the human being].

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The human being experiences in the depths of his being a longing for fulfilment. However, pain, disease and death accompany their existence. Transhumanism tries to overcome the limits of man through all a technological scientific development and ventures to predict the definitive triumph over death. In this study, we will analyse the meaning of vulnerability, limits, consciousness of finitude and death for both transhumanism and an anthropology focused on the human being. Transhumanism and this anthropology coincide in the desire to conquer death. The understanding of the concepts studied and the means to save humanity that are proposed differ in both approaches. We understand that in transhumanism there is a reductionism of the definition of person and therefore of the solution that is offered to respond to the deep longing inscribed each human being.
Correction: Long-term repeatability improvement of quantitative LIBS using a two-point standardization method

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Correction for ‘Long-term repeatability improvement of quantitative LIBS using a two-point standardization method’ by Zhongqi Hao et al., J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2018, 33, 1564–1570, DOI: 10.1039/C8JA00148K.