jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Tests of Bromophos for House Fly Control in New Jersey1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Bromophos gave control of house flies, Musca domestica L., in dairy barns 6 to 21 and 16 to 46+ days when applied at 0.5 and 1.0% as a residual spray. Resistance to bromophos increased during the season at the 4 barns treated and was detected in other barns in the area having a history of organophosphorus insecticide application. Flies collected from treated barns were compared with laboratory strains, log dosage-probit curves are presented for 6 laboratory-reared strains. At the LD50 level the resistant strains showed 6- to 14-fold resistance over the susceptible strains.
Observations of Magnetars

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Magnetars (Soft Gamma Repeaters and Anomalous X-ray Pulsars) are a subclass of neutron stars characterized by their recurrent X-ray bursts. While in an active (bursting) state, they are emitting hundreds of predominantly soft (kT=30 keV), short (0.1 - 100ms long) events. Active states last anywhere between days and years. Their quiescent source X-ray light curves exhibit pulsations in the narrow range of 5-1 1 s; estimates of these rotational period rate changes (spin-down) indicate that their magnetic fields are extremely high, of the order of 10(exp 14)-10(exp 15) G. Such high B-field objects, dubbed had been predicted to exist in 1992, but the first concrete observational evidence were obtained in 1998 for two of these sources. I will discuss here the history of magnetars, and their spectral, timing and flux characteristics both in the persistent and their burst emission.
Componential Theory of Creativity

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The componential theory of creativity is a comprehensive model of the social and psychological components necessary for an individual to produce creative work. The theory is grounded in a definition of creativity as the production of ideas or outcomes that are both novel and appropriate to some goal. In this theory, four components are necessary for any creative response: three components within the individual – domainrelevant skills, creativity-relevant processes, and intrinsic task motivation – and one component outside the individual – the social environment in which the individual is working. The current version of the theory encompasses organizational creativity and innovation, carrying implications for the work environments created by managers. This entry defines the components of creativity and how they influence the creative process, describing modifications to the theory over time. Then, after comparing the componential theory to other creativity theories, the article describes this theory’s evolution and impact.
The analysis of mas1 knockdown mediated longevity in Drosophila melanogaster

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

中文摘要

內質網壓力反應機制（endoplasmic reticulum stress response），經由未折疊蛋白累積造成的不平衡所引發，是一種細胞自我保護機制。它經由觸發細胞內稱為未折疊蛋白反應（Unfolded Protein Response）來恢復內質網的動態平衡。已知，內質網壓力反應在經由飲食限制(dietary restriction)所引發的長壽之制中扮演著重要的角色。在演化上，不論是從酵母到哺乳動物，飲食限制是一個被廣為人知可以延長壽命並延緩與年齡有關的疾病的機制。我們之前的研究發現，三個獨立的 mas1突變果蠅株，EP1130，EP1628，EP982，都有較長的壽命，但其作用機制尚不清楚。因此，在本研究中，我們試圖找出經由 mas1所造常的延長壽命機制。我們建立mas1 RNAi 果蠅株，並確認其壽命延長的結果。而且發現經由降低mas1 表現所造成的長壽是透過影響飲食限制機制，也同時造成內質網壓力反應相關基因有較少的表現。而且我們找出可能的機制是經由IRE1-HIF1的路徑來進行調節。最後，我們推測，藉由降低mas1 表現量所造成的長壽是經由調節飲食限制機制，而且此機制可能是需要藉由降低內質網壓力反應相關基因的表現來達成。
Quality with Just Enough Diversity in Evolutionary Policy Search

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Evolution Strategies (ES) are effective gradient-free optimization methods that can be competitive with gradient-based approaches for policy search. ES only rely on the total episodic scores of solutions in their population, from which they estimate fitness gradients for their update with no access to true gradient information. However this makes them sensitive to deceptive fitness landscapes, and they tend to only explore one way to solve a problem. Quality-Diversity methods such as MAP-Elites introduced additional information with behavior descriptors (BD) to return a population of diverse solutions, which helps exploration but leads to a large part of the evaluation budget not being focused on finding the best performing solution. Here we show that behavior information can also be leveraged to find the best policy by identifying promising search areas which can then be efficiently explored with ES. We introduce the framework of Quality with Just Enough Diversity (JEDi) which learns the relationship between behavior and fitness to focus evaluations on solutions that matter. When trying to reach higher fitness values, JEDi outperforms both QD and ES methods on hard exploration tasks like mazes and on complex control problems with large policies.
Constructing stylistic synthesis databases from audio books

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we explore how to construct stylistic TTS databases from audio books, in which a storyteller performs multiple roles. The goal is to identify and build a set of speech corpora, each of which not only portrays a representative voice style performed by the speaker, but also has sufficient sentences to synthesize natural speech using unit selection approach. We solve the problem in two procedures: first, by representing each role with Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM), all speech data are partitioned into a number of voice style clusters with a criterion that maximizes the likelihood of all utterances with respect to roles’ speaker models; then, pruning in terms of both acoustic and prosodic measures is followed to purify the clusters. The resulting 4 voice styles are subjectively interpreted as Neutral, Young, Elder and Adult, respectively. Perceptual experiments show that the proposed approach can synthesize speech with the recognizable voice styles with an average 72.5% identification rate, and the synthesized speech sounds better than those synthesized with utterances from a single role.
Roles of the transcriptional regulators Fts1, YlNrg1, YlTup1, and YlSsn6 in the repression of the yeast‐to‐filament transition in the dimorphic yeast Yarrowia lipolytica

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract In dimorphic fungi, the yeast‐to‐filament transition critical for cell survival under nutrient starvation is controlled by both activators and repressors. However, very few filamentation repressors are known. Here we report that, in the dimorphic yeast Yarrowia lipolytica , the conserved transcription factor YlNrg1 plays a minor role whereas Fts1, a newly identified Zn(II) 2 Cys 6 zinc cluster transcription factor, plays a key role in filamentation repression. FTS1 deletion caused hyperfilamentation whereas Fts1 overexpression drastically reduced filamentation. The expression of FTS1 is downregulated substantially during the yeast‐to‐filament transition. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that Fts1 represses 401 genes, including the filamentation‐activating transcription factor genes MHY1 , Yl AZF1 , and Yl WOR4 and key cell wall protein genes. Tup1‐Ssn6, a general transcriptional corepressor, is involved in the repression of many cellular functions in fungi. We show that both YlTup1 and YlSsn6 strongly repress filamentation in Y. lipolytica . YlTup1 and YlSsn6 together repress 1383 genes, including a large number of transcription factor and cell wall protein genes, which overlap substantially with Fts1‐repressed genes. Fts1 interacts with both YlTup1 and YlSsn6, and LexA‐Fts1 fusion represses a lexAop‐promoter‐lacZ reporter in a Tup1‐Ssn6‐dependent manner. Our findings suggest that Fts1 functions as a transcriptional repressor, directing the repression of target genes through the Tup1‐Ssn6 corepressor.
Prefrontal Cortex of the Mouse Defined as Cortical Projection Area of the Thalamic Mediodorsal Nucleus

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In the mouse small amounts of horseradish peroxidase were injected iontophoretically into different portions of the frontal lobe. Out of a large number of mice, 18 with typical injections which together covered most of the anterior half of the cortex were selected, and their retrogradely labeled thalamic cells were described and illustrated in detail. Special emphasis was laid on the cortical projections of the mediodorsal nucleus which were considered to define locus and extent of the prefrontal cortex. The results reveal that topographically the extent of the mouse, prefrontal cortex closely resembles that of the rat, another species of the rodent order. It includes a small area within and dorsal to the rhinal sulcus and a comparatively larger region within the medial half of the anterior cortex. Furthermore, the dorsal tip of the frontal pole is reached by a considerable number of afferents from the mediodorsal nucleus. Whether this last projection also exists in the rat is still disputed. As in the rat, only the sulcal prefrontal cortex seems to be reached by mediodorsal cells alone, whereas the rest of the prefrontal cortical fields have overlapping projections from the anteromedial nucleus. Though a considerable area within the frontal lobe of the mouse is reached by mediodorsal afferents, the significance and usefulness of this definition of the prefrontal cortex is questioned.
Experimental Study of White Heat Line Formation in Burned Bone Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In anthropological analysis of burned bone, the presence of a white heat line (WHL) aids in determining a bone’s physical condition prior to burning, distinguishing between those burned fleshed or wet versus dry, making this thermal signature an important source of information regarding the relative timing of burning. While the relationship between WHLs and a bone’s physical condition has been studied, there is a lack of research concerning WHL chemical composition. The present study assessed the composition of WHLs that form on burned bone using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), including the effects of soft tissue and retention of bone’s organic material on a WHL’s development and appearance. Experimental remains consisted of isolated bones from pig (Sus scrofa), sheep (Ovis aries), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and elk (Cervus elaphus) in five physical conditions: fleshed, defleshed/very wet, partially wet, dry, and dry/soaked. Chemical composition was analyzed using spectral peak heights of the carbonate (CO3) ν3 (1415 cm-1), phosphate (PO4) ν3 (1035 cm-1), and amide I (1660 cm-1) vibrational bands. WHLs formed on 8 of 16 bones burned fleshed (50%) compared to 8 of 27 defleshed/very wet (29.6%). The partially wet, dry, and dry/soaked sample groups did not develop a WHL. Results indicate WHLs that formed on fleshed bone contained an increased amount of CO3, PO4, and amide I versus unburned controls. In contrast, WHLs that formed on defleshed/very wet bone contained decreased amounts. Additional research is needed to explore the exact mechanisms causing the formation of WHLs and their physical appearance.
Lyman-$α$ limit on axion-like cold dark matter

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Using low redshift data on astrophysical reionization, we report new Lyman-$α$ limit on axion-like particle (ALP) as cold dark matter in ALP mass range of $m_{a}\sim 30-1000$ eV. Compared to the Leo T and soft-X ray bound, this limit is so far the most stringent in the ALP mass range of $m_{a}\sim 375-425$ eV and complementary in the ALP mass range otherwise. Combing these limits, we show new exclusion limits on $m_a$ for the ALP DM from either misalignment or freeze-in mechanism.
Additional file 2 of Rationale and design of the Novel Uses of adaptive Designs to Guide provider Engagement in Electronic Health Records (NUDGE-EHR) pragmatic adaptive randomized trial: a trial protocol

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Additional file 2: Supplement 2, eFigure 1 Provider tapering information and talking points embedded in enhanced alerts. Supplement 2, eFigure 2 SmartSet order set embedded within enhanced alerts. Supplement 2, eFigure 3 Enhanced encounter opening alert used in Arms 2, 6, and 10. Supplement 2, eFigure 4 Arm 3: Enhanced order entry alert + follow-up message. Supplement 2, eFigure 5 Arm 7: Simplified enhanced order entry alert. Supplement 2, eFigure 6 Arms 9 and 10: Sign-off approval alert that triggers to providers when electronically signing off on refill medications ordered by support staff. Supplement 2, eFigure 7 Arm 11: Pre-commitment/consistency alert + enhanced order entry alert. Supplement 2, eFigure 8 Arm 13: Enhanced order entry alert with different risk framing. Supplement 2, eFigure 9 Arm 15: Non-enhanced order entry alert. Supplement 2, eTable 1 Behavioral principles in electronic health record tools tested in regression model.
Doing Critical Psychology! The Challenges and Unexpected Rewards of Co-creating Module Structure, Content, and Resources

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter offers a reflective account of the co-construction of a Level 6 (Undergraduate Year 3) Critical Psychology module with student partners. Designed around the three areas of the SPaM teaching and learning model — subject content, modality, and pedagogical design — student co-creators worked alongside staff to design a study to collect data and inform module development. Data was analysed collaboratively alongside Student Research Associates to create and pilot learning resources and activities for focus group discussion and modification. The challenges and benefits of involving large cohorts in meaningful co-creation of a module are discussed, along with key lingering questions we have as a result of the co-creation process and outcomes of the project. The chapter adds to the student co-creation field by offering student perspectives on effective pedagogical design and discussion of the practicalities of embedding these within module development.
A plastic prototyping technology for microfluidics

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Developments in MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) technology have led to strong miniaturization of biochemical analysis systems and the lab-on-a-chip concept. While an important part of MEMS is based on silicon and fabrication techniques like used in microelectronics [1], the need for low-cost and disposable materials explain why plastic MEMS devices are particularely
Koncept suočavanja sa stresom kod djece i adolescenata i načini njegova mjerenja

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The article describes the dimensions of coping during childhood and adolescence. The author sets forth the theories and classifications of the strategies of coping, the results of recent research in the field as well as the specificities and the efficacy of the strategies of coping during childhood and adolescence.In conclusion the author offers recommendations for further investigations in this field.
Insider and Outsider, Community and Conflict: Elizabeth Cecil Wilson’s transnational experiences as a Progressive American woman educator

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay takes a feminist educational biographical approach to the transnational life and work of the American educator Elizabeth Cecil Wilson (1913-1994). Central to this interpretation is the way in which Wilson’s life exemplifies the concept of “internal exile” as a result of her transnational movements in China, Korea, and the United States. Wilson’s early experiences with internationalism, all-women’s education and American progressive education shaped her interpretation of her later work in educational administration, leading her to develop a unique perspective about being both an “insider” and an “outsider” in her world. Raised in a variety of close and strongly identified communities, in her later professional life she experienced a sense of isolation and displacement in the structured hierarchical environments of international organizations and American state school systems. Late in life, she articulated this challenge in feminism when she argued for women’s inclusion in formal educational leadership.
Spatial and intensity modulation of light emission from silicon LED matrix

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A novel experimental multi-terminal silicon light emitting diode matrix is described where both the emitted light intensity and the spatial light pattern of the device are controlled by insulated MOS gate voltages. It is found that the light intensity is a nonlinear quadratic function of the applied gate voltage. The non-linear relationship enables, for example, the mixing of electrical input signals and modulation of the optical output signal, which can not readily be achieved with two terminal Si-LED's, since they exhibit a linear relationship between diode avalanche current and light intensity. Furthermore, the control gate voltages also modulate the emission pattern of the LED array.
Family Norms and Declining First-Marriage Rates: The Role of Sibship Position in the Japanese Marriage Market

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This study explores how changes in sibship composition associated with fertility decline may, in conjunction with entrenched family norms and expectations associated with specific sibship positions, impact marriage rates and further reduce fertility. We evaluate this possibility by focusing on Japan, a society characterized by half a century of below-replacement fertility and widely shared family norms that associate eldest (male) children with specific family obligations. Harmonic mean models allow us to quantify the contribution of changes in both marriage market composition with respect to sibship position and sibship-specific pairing propensities to the observed decline in marriage rates between 1980 and 2010. One important finding is that marriage propensities are lower for those pairings involving men and women whose sibship position signals a higher potential of caregiving obligations, especially only-children. Another is that changes in marriage propensities, rather than changing sibship composition, explain most of the observed decline in marriage rates. We also found that marriage propensity changes mitigate the impact of the changing sibship composition to some extent. However, the limited contribution of changing sibship composition to the decline in first-marriage rates provides little support for a self-reinforcing fertility decline via the relationship between changing sibship composition and marriage behavior.
POLITICS BY HEURISTICS: POLICY NETWORKS WITH A FOCUS ON ACTOR RESOURCES, AS ILLUSTRATED BY THE CASE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY UNDER NEW LABOUR

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Policy network analysis is criticized for being a 'heuristic' device, yet 'heuristic' methods may be essential to achieve detailed understandings of specific policy outcomes. Rational choice modelling alone cannot perform a similar function. This paper develops a 'heuristic' policy network approach that focuses on the analysis of actor resources. Changing contexts can alter the resource distributions of actors within a policy community. This can lead to new policy outcomes. Policy networks can therefore be rescued from criticisms made by, for example, Dowding, by re-visiting Rhodes's earlier emphasis on analysis of actor resources. This approach is illustrated in the case of UK renewable energy policy under the UK government of New Labour. Changing contexts have strengthened the resources of the main renewable energy interest groups to achieve higher targets and more technology-specific means of financial incentives. The Renewable Energy Association has achieved legislation favouring feed-in tariffs as is the practice elsewhere in Europe for small renewable generators.
Properties Of Two Novel Esterases Identified From Culture Supernatant Of Penicillium Purpurogenum Grown On Sugar Beet Pulp

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Background: The filamentous fungus Penicillium purpurogenum grows on a variety of natural carbon sources, such as sugar beet pulp, and secretes to the medium a large number of enzymes that degrade the carbohydrate components of lignocellulose. Sugar beet pulp is rich in pectin, and the purpose of this work is to identify novel esterases produced by the fungus, which may participate in pectin degradation. Methods and findings: Partially purified culture supernatants of the fungus grown on sugar beet pulp were subjected to mass spectrometry analysis. Peptides thus identified, which may be part of potential esterases were probed against the proteins deduced from the fungal genome sequence. The cDNAs of two putative esterases identified were expressed in Pichia pastoris and their properties studied. One of these enzymes, named FAET, is a feruloyl esterase, while the other, PE, is classified as a pectin methyl esterase. Conclusions: These findings add to our knowledge of the enzymology of pectin degradation by Penicillium purpurogenum, and define properties of two novel esterases acting on de-esterification of pectin. Their availability may be useful as tools for the study of pectin structure and degradation.
Total Synthesis of Gelsenicine via a Catalyzed Cycloisomerization Strategy

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The first total synthesis of (±)-gelsenicine is reported. The synthetic route is highly efficient (13 steps), featuring (1) a pivotal metal-catalyzed isomerization/rearrangement process that forges the central core of the molecule and (2) two facile C-N bond-forming steps that establish the flanking heterocycles.
Operator-Centered Adaptive Compensation of Continuous Manual Control Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The subject of this paper is an adaptive compensator, which has the function of minimizing the compensation required of the human operator in a continuous single-dimensional manual control system. A random input and a compensatory display are assumed. Use of this compensator does not require detailed knowledge of system dynamics since its adaptive action is based solely upon the operator's control actions. A quasi-linear operator model and the parameter-tracking model method of measurement are used to provide the required on-line mathematical description of the operator's control actions. Design of the compensator is based upon past results, which show the human operator to be an adaptive controller who introduces compensation, via his control actions, similar to that which would be chosen by a servo-engineer in minimizing the square of the system error. The compensator's function results from the established fact that an operator can control a system most accurately when the least compensation is required of him. Experimental results demonstrate that the compensator reduces system error while simultaneously simplifying the operator's task. They also establish some of the limitations of the compensation scheme as currently implemented.
Are beliefs the proper targets of adaptationist analyses?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract McKay & Dennett's (M&D's) description of beliefs, and misbeliefs in particular, is a commendable contribution to the literature; but we argue that referring to beliefs as adaptive or maladaptive can cause conceptual confusion. “Adaptive” is inconsistently defined in the article, which adds to confusion and renders it difficult to evaluate the claims, particularly the possibility of “adaptive misbelief.”