jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A superelastic protective technique for mitigating the effects of vertical and horizontal seismic excitations on highway bridges

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Vertical component of seismic excitations tremendously affects the performance of bridges during the earthquakes. Several conducted studies identified the lack of engineering attention to the vertical seismic excitation as the main reason of various considerable bridge damages during the past earthquakes. Thus, in this article, an innovative system with superelastic properties is proposed for retrofitting and also new design of the bridges which can simultaneously mitigate the effects of vertical and horizontal seismic excitations. In order to investigate the efficiency of the new system, an evaluation is performed through many nonlinear time history analyses on a three-dimensional model of a detailed multi-span simply supported bridge using a suite of representative ground motions of the bridge region. The analyses are conducted separately on the pertinent issues that affect the performance of the new proposed system. As a part of the study, to identify the sensitivity of the new system and evaluate the overall seismic performance, several assessment parameters are utilized. The results show that the proposed system is efficient for reducing bridge responses as well as improving nonlinear performance of the columns during vertical and horizontal seismic excitations.
The Structure of the Young Star Cluster NGC 6231. I. Stellar Population

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract NGC 6231 is a young cluster (age ∼2–7 Myr) dominating the Sco OB1 association (distance ∼1.59 kpc) with ∼100 O and B stars and a large pre-main-sequence stellar population. We combine a reanalysis of archival Chandra X-ray data with multiepoch near-infrared (NIR) photometry from the VISTA Variables in the Vía Lactéa (VVV) survey and published optical catalogs to obtain a catalog of 2148 probable cluster members. This catalog is 70% larger than previous censuses of probable cluster members in NGC 6231. It includes many low-mass stars detected in the NIR but not in the optical and some B stars without previously noted X-ray counterparts. In addition, we identify 295 NIR variables, about half of which are expected to be pre-main-sequence stars. With the more complete sample, we estimate a total population in the Chandra field of 5700–7500 cluster members down to 0.08 (assuming a universal initial mass function) with a completeness limit at 0.5 . A decrease in stellar X-ray luminosities is noted relative to other younger clusters. However, within the cluster, there is little variation in the distribution of X-ray luminosities for ages less than 5 Myr. The X-ray spectral hardness for B stars may be useful for distinguishing between early-B stars with X-rays generated in stellar winds and B-star systems with X-rays from a pre-main-sequence companion (>35% of B stars). A small fraction of catalog members have unusually high X-ray median energies or reddened NIR colors, which might be explained by absorption from thick or edge-on disks or being background field stars.
Admitting What We Do Not Know in Rheumatologic Disease—The First Step Toward Learning More

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
The Burden of Proof in Jesus Research

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The burden of proof in Jesus research refers to the question of historical veracity of the New Testament accounts of Jesus. In the course of the quest for authentic Jesus material, various criteria (cf. criteria of authenticity) are used to examine the historical accuracy of the sources. The burden of proof may also relate to more specific aspects or elements of the Jesus tradition. The issue of the burden of proof is implicit from the very beginning of biblical criticism. Of particular interest is the rise of form criticism, which saw the gospel accounts as an expression of the early church. Just as the burden of proof is pushed from one side to the other between atheists and theists concerning the existence of God, so debates on Jesus' existence argue over where the burden of proof should lie. Keywords:biblical criticism; burden of proof; gospel texts; historical authenticity; Jesus research; Jesus tradition; proof debate; Testament
Relationship between Interleukin 21 and Activation of Natural Killer cells in Iraqi patients with CML

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: CML is a persistent hematological malignancy, distinguished by aberrant white blood cell growth. It is caused by a genetic abnormality that leads to the uncontrolled production of a specific type of white blood cell called a chronic myeloid leukemia cell. Preclinical findings reveal that IL-15 and IL-21 have the potential capacity to enhance the activity of NK cells, which are important for killing cancer cells. Additionally, IL-21 may help to regulate the immune response in CML, potentially reducing the risk of complications associated with the disease.Materials and Methods: Sixty-five Iraqi patients with CML were recruited from the Hematology Center in Baghdad. The participants who were on tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and those who had just received a diagnosis were split into two groups. There was also a control group of twenty-five healthy people. The study. The IL-21 estimation by Sandwich ELISA and NK subsets detection by Flowcytometry. Results: The study observed significant changes in natural killer cell subsets between CML patients and healthy controls with differences based on treatment status. IL-21 level showed no significant variation, suggesting it may not play a key role in CML. While some NK cells subsets correlated with IL-21, the overall link with CD56 +CD 16 + NK cells was not statistically significant.
Baclofen trial in six myotonic dystrophy patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Six young adult patients with grade I myotonic dystrophy and a complaint of daytime somnolence underwent 36-hour polygraphic monitoring, dynamometric and electromyographic studies before and under baclofen (60 mg/daily). Patients with the most severe daytime sleepiness had pathologic Sleep Apnea Indexes. After 6 weeks' ingestion of baclofen, no subjective or objective effect on patient symptomatology was found.
A systematic literature review of enterprise information systems implementation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Enterprise Information System (EIS) is organization system that can be used to integrate several functional fields of organization, such as planning, manufacturing, marketing, distribution and e-business that can be used to support some management function of an organization as well as expand the business process. Therefore, this paper analyses and classifies EIS components to identify what types of components is a need in implementing EIS based on previous studies. Components in this research are divided into 3, which are: architecture, integration, and networking. Through systematic literature review using the PRISMA method, 15 publications from 2 search databases were chosen in relation to EIS topics. The aim of this study is to know type of components that are needed for EIS implementation. Therefore, through this study, EIS can be applied by choosing either one of more component types that can make an EIS that is accurate and appropriate for the business process.
Composition and microstructure alteration of triticale grain surface after processing by enzymes of cellulase complex

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

It is found that the pericarp tissue of grain have considerable strength and stiffness, that has an adverse effect on quality of whole-grain bread. Thereby, there exists the need for preliminary chemical and biochemical processing of durable cell walls before industrial use. Increasingly used in the production of bread finds an artificial hybrid of the traditional grain crops of wheat and rye - triticale, grain which has high nutritional value. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the influence of cellulose complex (Penicillium canescens) enzymes on composition and microstructure alteration of triticale grain surface, for grain used in baking. Triticale grain was processed by cellulolytic enzyme preparations with different composition (producer is Penicillium canescens). During experiment it is found that triticale grain processing by enzymes of cellulase complex leads to an increase in the content of water-soluble pentosans by 36.3 - 39.2%. The total amount of low molecular sugars increased by 3.8 - 10.5 %. Studies show that under the influence of enzymes the microstructure of the triticale grain surface is changing. Microphotographs characterizing grain surface structure alteration in dynamic (every 2 hours) during 10 hours of substrate hydrolysis are shown. It is found that the depth and direction of destruction process for non-starch polysaccharides of grain integument are determined by the composition of the enzyme complex preparation and duration of exposure. It is found, that xylanase involved in the modification of hemicelluloses fiber having both longitudinal and radial orientation. Hydrolysis of non-starch polysaccharides from grain shells led to increase of antioxidant activity. Ferulic acid was identified in alcoholic extract of triticale grain after enzymatic hydrolysis under the influence of complex preparation containing cellulase, xylanase and β-glucanase. Grain processing by independent enzymes containing in complex preparation (xylanase and β-glucanase) shows that more significant role in polysaccharide complex composition and grain surface microstructure alteration belongs to xylanase. Grain processing by independent of cellulolytic enzymes may decrease the strength of pericarp tissue of grain and improved sensory characteristics of the bread.
A rare case of pulmonary emphysema.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AAT) is one of the three most common lethal genetic diseases in the caucasian population (together with cystic fibrosis and Down syndrome). Its primary manifestation is early-onset panacinar emphysema. Slowly progressive dyspnea is the primary symptom, although some patients initially have symptoms of cough, sputum production, or wheezing. A minority of patients develops hepatic cirrhosis. We present a case of a 40 year-old male, light smoker, with chronic obstructive lung disease with predominance of panacinar emphysema, with AAT deficiency (72 mg/dl; normal values = 200-300 mg/dl) complicated with cor pulmonale and chronic respiratory failure. The main clinical consequence of AAT deficiency is the early onset of panacinar emphysema, typically more severe at the lung bases. Smoking plays an important part in the natural history of the disease, both increasing the severity and decreasing the age at onset of emphysema.
Computational and experimental substantiation of the operability of seals of localizing safety system elements of power units with VVER

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The relevance of this work is determined by the need to predict the operation of sealing assemblies for elements of localizing safety systems (LSSs) of power units with VVER, which include (penetrations, hatches, locks, doors and other elements of hermetic fencing (GF) in operational modes. Operational modes are understood as modes of normal operation, modes of violation of normal operation, as well as emergency situations. During the manufacture and operation of LSS elements, the problem arises of uneven protrusion of a double-row rubber seal from the grooves in the web of the LSS element, which leads to the need to clarify the integral compression force of the seal as a whole for this element. The problem is caused by the imperfection of the manufacturing technology of large canvases for LSS elements (doors, hatches, locks: the perimeter of the seals can reach 10-20 m, the diameter of the canvas 2-6 m) and the need to withstand stringent technological requirements for flatness, parallelism and marginal deviations in linear and angular dimensions. The manufacture of overall structures is complicated by the presence of welded joints, heat treatment, and the complexity of metalworking. Compression force of the PNAE rubber gasket-7-002-86 it is not regulated, therefore, for the reliable design of gasket compression mechanisms, the magnitude of this force was determined. Based on the obtained results of tests of rubber seals for tightness and cyclic loading [7], an assessment of the tightness of the applied rubber seals is performed, calculations of deformations of rubber seals are performed using the FEM software package. Recommendations have been developed to increase the reliability of seal assemblies for elements of localizing safety systems (LSSs) of VVER power units in operational modes and to select the compression value to determine the necessary force to ensure tightness at the beginning of operation and after 5000 opening-closing cycles.
Racial differences in the pattern of hematologic toxicity in the treatment of colorectal cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

679 Background: 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a synthetic fluoropyrimidine, is a critical component of chemotherapy in many cancers. Its metabolites inhibit Thymidylate Synthetase (TS) causing cessation of DNA synthesis and are misincorporated into DNA and RNA causing ineffective DNA repair and faulty mRNA splicing. The rate limiting step in the catabolism of 5-FU is by the Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase enzyme (DPD) which catabolizes over 80% of 5-FU. Patients with near total DPD enzymatic deficiency develop life threatening toxicity after a single administration and those with less severe deficiency will have delayed elimination of 5-FU and slowly accumulate active metabolites leading to toxicities. Methods: We conducted a pilot retrospective cohort study of African American (AA) and Caucasian patients treated for colorectal cancer over a 9 year period, 2000 – 2008, in this IRB approved study. The primary outcome of interest was the rate of development of grade 3 or 4 neutropenia (Absolute Neutrophil Count <1000/uL = grade 3 and <500/uL = grade 4). Descriptive and univariate analysis were done. To test for differences between AA and Caucasians, we computed independent t-test for continuous and Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables. Relative Risk (RR) and p-values were computed. All statistics were done with SPSS v19 software. Results: There were 66 evaluable patients (40 men, 26 women), 40 AA, 24 Caucasians and 2 of other races. Thirty-eight patients (15 Caucasians and 23 AA) received 5-FU containing chemotherapy. The two groups were comparable in baseline characteristics. AA were more likely to develop grade 3-4 hematological toxicity. Nine of 23 AA (39.1%) and one of 15 Caucasians (6.7%) developed grade 3-4 hematological toxicity. RR 8.56, 95% confidence interval 0.95 – 421.06 (p-value of 0.0561) Conclusions: These results suggest that AA were more likely than Caucasians to have severe hematologic toxicity with the use of 5-FU containing chemotherapy. This difference did not meet statistical significance due to small sample size and few numbers of events in the Caucasian arm. A larger prospective study is needed to further evaluate the observed difference.
miRNA-21 promotes gastric cancer growth by adjusting prostaglandin E2.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It is to study the stimulation and possible active mechanism of miRNA-21 on AGS proliferation of gastric cancer.AGS gastric cancer cells were cultivated in vitro and then divided into the blank control group, the PGE2 (prostaglandin E2) group, the anti-miRNA-21 group and the PGE2 + anti-miRNA-21 group and the MTT and the flow cytometry methods were adopted to test the effect of PGE2 or/and anti-miRNA-21 intervention on AGS cell proliferation and apoptosis and the differences to miRNA-21 expression. In addition, the cells were also divided into the blank control group, the PGE2 group, the PGE2 + Perifosine group, the PGE2 + anti-miRNA-21 group and the PGE2 + anti-miRNA-21 + Perifosine group and the MTT and flow cytometry methods were adopted to test the effect of Perifosine intervention on AGS cell proliferation and apoptosis and on PTEN and p-AktmRNA and protein expressions.Compared with the control group, AGS cell proliferation activity increased significantly, the apoptosis rate decreased and the miRNA-21tmRNA and protein expression increased in the PGE2 group (p < 0.05); compared with the PGE2 group, the AGS cell proliferation rate decreased, the apoptosis rate increased and the miRNA-21mRNA and protein expressions decreased (p < 0.05) in the anti-miRNA-21 group and the PGE2 + anti-miRNA-21 group. In addition, after intervention of Perifosine, the AGS cell proliferation rate decreased, the apoptosis rate increased, the PTEN mRNA and protein expressions increased and the pAktmRNA and protein expressions decreased (p < 0.05).miRNA-21 may promote the growth of gastric cancer cells by adjusting and controlling PTEN/Akt signal passage mediated PEG2.
Weak applied voltages interfere with amphibian morphogenesis and pattern

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract We have imposed steady DC electric fields over developing gastrula and neurula stage axolotls, Ambystoma mexicanum . These applied voltages were meant to confound cues provided by endogenous currents and fields that we have measured and believe to be controls of pattern and morphogenesis during early development. Applied voltages in the physiological range (25–75 mV/mm) cause severe disruption of development when imposed over neurulae whose orientation within the field is random or fixed. In the latter case, developmental defects are more likely to occur at that end of the neurula (rostral or caudal) that faces the cathode, or negative pole, of the applied field. In neurulae whose orientation within the field was fixed, the lowest magnitude producing developmental abnormality was between 5 and 25 mV/mm. Physiological measurement of the embryonic transepithelial potential (TEP) when perturbed by artificially applied voltages demonstrates that ectoderm facing the cathode is hyperpolarized, while ectoderm facing the anode is depolarized at all fields strengths tested. These data show that the electrical polarity of embryonic ectoderm is predictably disrupted by applied voltages. Though applied voltages exert this same effect on the ectoderm of gastrulae, exposure only during gastrulation does not lead to developmental abnormality. This observation demonstrates that the applied electric field does not harm the embryo in some non‐specific way and further emphasizes the stages of neurulation as those most sensitive to artificially applied or endogenous voltages. These data strongly support the notion the polarized natural voltages within amphibian embryos are controls of their emerging pattern. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigation of maternal smoke exposure and childhood obesity: A cross-sectional study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Recent studies suggest that smoking exposure in pregnancy period might be a risk agent for childhood overweight and obesity. We examined associations between maternal smoking in pregnancy period and children’s weight and the possible obesogenic effects of maternal smoking. Methods: The present study was designed as a cross-sectional analysis of a survey. A 31-question survey was administered to mothers to learn the nutrition and smoking habits in Turkey from January to March 2020. Also, a 25-question survey was administered to children to study their diet. Participants were classified as underweight, normal, overweight, or obese. The smoking status of mothers was also recorded. The data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: The research group consisted of 454 participants (227 mothers, Mage=38.73±6.23 years and 227 children, Mage=10.39±4.96 years). In this study, 60.3% of children were underweight, 27.9% normal, 8.8% overweight, and 2.9% obese. Overall, 6.3% of children had smoking exposure and were overweight, whereas 1.4% were obese. Our results show that the relationship between maternal smoke exposure and body mass index (BMI) was non-significant (P>0.05). Children whose mothers did smoke in pregnancy period were at low risk for obesity (odds ratio [OR]=0.66, 95% CI: 0.07, 6.11) compared with children whose mothers never smoke. Conclusion: In this study, we found that the BMI of children not increased with maternal smoking exposure. In future, taking into consideration the health of mother and child, new studies should be performed to investigate the relationship between maternal or paternal smoking exposure and childhood overweight or obesity.
Factors Influencing the Adoption of Small-scale Biogas Digesters in Developing Countries – Empirical Evidence from Vietnam

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The use of small-scale biogas digesters among farmers and households in rural areas of developing countries is a well-known technology. The potential for biogas in these areas is probably much larger than presently exploited and therefore more knowledge on factors that may further the use of biogas is needed. The present study draws on data from two extensive surveys in the Mekong Delta with questionnaires of one hundred and two hundred respondents, respectively, and data collected from personal interviews in all cases. The empirical evidence shows that the technology is well known and if the purpose is to expand the use of biogas, financial instruments (like subsidies) are the most important to rely on. High investment costs are important for the biogas investment decision and subsequently information on the economic benefits of cheap biogas is an important topic to address.
A review and analysis of the early nomenclature and taxonomy associated with the genus name Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), published by Michel Adanson (1727–1806) in 1763, with notes on the late-18 century taxonomy of the genus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In 1763 Michel Adanson (1727–1806) published several hundred new genus names, including some in the “Famille Les Jourbarbes. Seda.”, i.e., the present-day Crassulaceae. One of these, Kalanchoe, was published for the then cotyledonoid species with tetramerous flowers. The early nomenclature associated with the validly published and legitimate genus name Kalanchoe and the late-18th century taxonomy of the genus are reviewed. Based on available evidence it is very likely that Adanson was familiar with, and had material at his disposal of, more than one species of Kalanchoe. However, Adanson did not himself validly publish any species names in the genus.