jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
UV radiation-induced SUMOylation of DDB2 regulates nucleotide excision repair

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Subunit 2 of DNA damage-binding protein complex (DDB2) is an early sensor of nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway for eliminating DNA damage induced by UV radiation (UVR) and cisplatin treatments of mammalian cells. DDB2 is modified by ubiquitin and poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) in response to UVR, and these modifications play a crucial role in regulating NER. Here, using immuno-analysis of irradiated cell extracts, we have identified multiple post-irradiation modifications of DDB2 protein. Interestingly, although the DNA lesions induced by both UVR and cisplatin are corrected by NER, only the UV irradiation, but not the cisplatin treatment, induces any discernable DDB2 modifications. We, for the first time, show that the appearance of UVR-induced DDB2 modifications depend on the binding of DDB2 to the damaged chromatin and the participation of functionally active 26S proteasome. The in vitro and in vivo analysis revealed that SUMO-1 conjugations comprise a significant portion of these UVR-induced DDB2 modifications. Mapping of SUMO-modified sites demonstrated that UVR-induced SUMOylation occurs on Lys-309 residue of DDB2 protein. Mutation of Lys-309 to Arg-309 diminished the DDB2 SUMOylation observable both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, K309R mutated DDB2 lost its function of recruiting XPC to the DNA damage sites, as well as the ability to repair cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers following cellular UV irradiation. Taken together, our results indicate that DDB2 is modified by SUMOylation upon UV irradiation, and this post-translational modification plays an important role in the initial recognition and processing of UVR-induced DNA damage occurring within the context of chromatin.
HIV positive health worker wins injunction to preserve anonymity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

An NHS specialist who is HIV positive has won an injunction that could mean his employing health authority is prevented from contacting his patients to inform them that they might have been exposed to the virus.

The unidentified worker, known only as H, claimed that any “look-back” exercise would threaten his anonymity and thus his privacy. He pointed out that no similar exercise in Britain involving HIV or AIDS had ever uncovered a patient infected by a health worker. …
Analysis of RNA interference in the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Parasitic nematode infections worldwide cause a significant impact on human health, as well as economic and welfare losses to the animal and agriculture industries. The principal method of control for parasitic nematode infections is currently limited to repeated treatments with anthelmintic drugs, but widespread resistance to all major classes of these drugs is a growing problem. As a result, there is an urgent need for alternative methods of controlling these infections, and the development of molecular vaccines and novel drugs represent two possible approaches. However, both these approaches require a deeper understanding of gene function in order to identify suitable control targets. This project examines RNA interference (RNAi) in the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus to determine if this could be developed as a
functional tool and advance the discovery of novel control targets for parasitic nematodes.

RNAi has proven less effective in parasitic nematodes than in the free-living model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and it is unclear why this is so. This project examined the reliability of RNAi in H. contortus, and several genes were
successfully silenced using RNAi. Further analysis of RNAi susceptible genes revealed that RNAi silencing appears to be related to the site of expression of the target gene; genes expressed in tissues which are accessible to the
environment such as intestine, excretory cell and amphids were silenced by RNAi. Upstream promoter regions of RNAi susceptible genes were examined for the presence of motifs which may regulate spatial gene expression, an approach
that could be used to predict gene susceptibility to RNAi. RNAi treated larvae were subsequently used to infect sheep in the first in vivo RNAi study, resulting in a significant impact on worm survival in vivo. In addition, several components of the RNAi pathway in H. contortus were characterised in this project, demonstrating the presence of a functional RNAi pathway that is capable of reliably silencing genes. In conclusion, the findings presented in this project suggest that RNAi may be used in the future to evaluate the function of a novel vaccine or drug target for controlling H. contortus infections in sheep.
Large and fast human pyramidal neurons associate with intelligence

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

It is generally assumed that human intelligence relies on efficient processing by neurons in our brain. Although grey matter thickness and activity of temporal and frontal cortical areas correlate with IQ scores, no direct evidence exists that links structural and physiological properties of neurons to human intelligence. Here, we find that high IQ scores and large temporal cortical thickness associate with larger, more complex dendrites of human pyramidal neurons. We show in silico that larger dendritic trees enable pyramidal neurons to track activity of synaptic inputs with higher temporal precision, due to fast action potential kinetics. Indeed, we find that human pyramidal neurons of individuals with higher IQ scores sustain fast action potential kinetics during repeated firing. These findings provide the first evidence that human intelligence is associated with neuronal complexity, action potential kinetics and efficient information transfer from inputs to output within cortical neurons.
Genetic Algorithm to Detect Different Sizes’ Communities from Protein-Protein Interaction Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The community detection in large networks is an important problem in many scientific fields ranging from Biology to Sociology and Computer Science. In this paper, we are interested in the detection of communities in the Protein-protein or Gene-gene Interaction (PPI) networks. These networks represent protein-protein or gene-gene interactions which corresponds to a set of proteins or genes that collaborate at the same cellularfunction. The goal is to identify such communities from gene annotation sources such as Gene Ontology. Wepropose a Genetic Algorithm based approach to detect communities having different sizes from PPI networks.For this purpose, we use a fitness function based on a similarity measure and the interaction value between proteins or genes. Moreover, a specific solution for representing a community and a specific mutation operator are introduced. In the computational tests carried out in this work, the introduced algorithm achieved excellent results to detect existing or even new communities from Protein-protein or Gene-gene Interaction networks.
Mechanical Properties of Composites Combination of Areca Fronds with Epoxy Resin

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Technological advances in material aspects are always increasing, and one of the applications of natural fibers as a matrix in composite materials has begun to be widely used. Composite materials have mechanical properties that are sturdy, corrosion resistant, and concise, and can be used as a substitute for metal materials. Areca palm fronds are part of the areca palm tree which are widely used as storage media because they are durable and weather resistant. The aim of this study was to determine the tensile strength of areca nut composites without alkali treatment combined with epoxy. Tensile test based on ASTM D3039 test standard. The test results showed a maximum tensile strength of 4839886.67 N/m2 or 4.84 MPa, and a modulus of elasticity of 114148270.5 N/m2 or 114.15 MPa. According to the JIS A 5905 standard, it meets the specified requirements, namely elastic strength of 32 MPa and tensile strength of 0.4 MPa.
ES07 *EXTRA‐ADRENAL PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA: IS THE “RULE OF 10” STILL APPLICABLE?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The “rule of 10” is often used to described pheochromocytomas, with 10% extra‐adrenal, 10% malignant, 10% extra‐abdomen, 10% bilateral as well as 10% are found in patients who do not have hypertension and 10% are familial. Objective: To review the extra‐adrenal pheochromocytomas in our center and to establish whether the “rule of 10” is still applicable. Methods: Retrospective data were collected on all patients diagnosed to have extra‐adrenal pheochromocytomas (EAP) from January 1998 to December 2007 at our institution. Results: Over the last 10 years a total of 48 patients were diagnosed to have pheochromocytoma in our centre and 10 (20.8%) were documented to have EAP. The clinical presentation of 6(60%) patients was classical of pheochromocytoma with hypertension, headache, and palpitation, 2 (25%) patients had epigastric pain, 1(12.5%) with progressive weight loss and 1 (12.5%) with pregnancy induced hypertension. The EAP in all 10 patients were localized with CT scan or MRI. The anatomic locations of the EAP were as follows: 40% in the organ of Zuckerkandl, 30% adjacent to the adrenals, 20% along the renal vessels and 10% at the pre‐sacral area. All patients were explored via the anterior transperitoneal approach and histopathological report confirmed 9 (90%) were benign and 1(10%) malignant EAP. Conclusion: Our series demonstrates a higher incidence of 20.8% for EAP and 40% of them do not have hypertension. In addition, none of them had extra‐abdominal lesion. Therefore the study does not correlate with the “rule of 10” except the incidence of malignant EAP.
Interpretation of Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma via Protein-Protein Interaction Network Construction and Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Tongue squamous cell carcinoma is one of the prominent cancers in the oral cavity. Molecular investigations based on interaction analysis can be promising towards providing a better resolution of malignant neoplasms. Here, the protein-protein interaction network of tongue cancer is studied. Methods: The protein-protein interaction network was constructed by the application of Cytoscape 3.5.1 and the related algorithms. Centrality analysis via the degree, betweenness, and closeness centralities was conducted. Results: The result indicated that there are seven chief proteins in the network foundation. Moreover, enrichment evaluation suggested two associated biological processes including Response to UV-A, Response to interlukin-7, cellular response to alcohol, and catenin import into nucleus process using CluePedia. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the identified central panel proteins and their related biological processes can shed light on the neoplasm mechanisms and are worth pursuing for clinical approaches.
Pengaruh Locus Of Control Dan Stress Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Dengan Kepuasan Kerja Sebagai Variabel Mediasi (Studi Empiris Pada Karyawan Pabrik PT. Tambi)

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of locus of control, work stress on employee performance with job satisfaction as a mediating variable at PT. Tambi factory employees, Wonosobo Regency. The research method is quantitative, by distributing questionnaires as a data source, and the sampling technique is purposive sampling. The number of samples studied was 100 employees with the criteria of having a working period of one year or more, and being at least 18 years old. The analytical instrument used is multiple regression with the help of SPSS 20.0. The results show that locus of control has a positive and significant effect on performance, job stress has a negative and significant effect on performance, and has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, job stress has a negative and significant effect on job satisfaction, job satisfaction mediates locus of control on performance, and job satisfaction mediates work stress on performance.
Electronic medical record study of the rate of CT and MRI scanning of female victims of nonfatal strangulation for identification of brain injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: In the US, 1 in 6 adult women will experience non-fatal strangulation (NFS) such as choking or suffocation in their lifetimes. NFS is a severe form of intimate partner violence (IPV), characterized by external pressure on the neck that can lead to hypoxic injuries which can be classified as a type of injury to the brain including traumatic brain injury (TBI). Brain injuries are best identified through CT and MRI scanning, MRI being far superior. To date the appropriate, standardized care for NFS victims allows for clinician’s judgement as to the medical necessity of CT or MRI scans to identify brain injury. It is unknown the extent to which clinicians seek those scans after an assault diagnosis in women.
Bulk Cluster Decomposition in AdS/CFT and A No-Go Theorem for Correlators in Microstates of Extremal Black Holes

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Applying the thermo-field double formalism to extremal black holes in AdS with a macroscopic horizon, we show that (1) there exists a natural basis for the degenerate microstates of an extremal black hole, and (2) cluster decomposition in the bulk implies that all correlators are exactly the same for every microstate of the extremal black hole. The latter statement can be interpreted in two ways. First, at the fully non-perturbative level of AdS/CFT at finite N, it means that cluster decomposition does not hold in the bulk. This may be viewed as a sharp manifestation of the bulk non-locality at finite N. Second, at the level of the perturbation theory in 1/N, in which case we expect the bulk cluster decomposition, no measurement of either boundary operators or bulk field operators can distinguish the different microstates. The latter interpretation may exclude some versions of the fuzzball conjecture that assert that different microstates of a black hole are realized in the bulk as different metric and field configurations.
Enrichment in the Centaurus cluster of galaxies

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We perform a detailed spatially-resolved, spectroscopic, analysis of the core of the Centaurus cluster of galaxies using a deep Chandra X-ray observation and XMM-Newton data. The Centaurus cluster core has particularly high metallicity, upto twice Solar values, and we measure the abundances of Fe, O, Ne, Mg, Si, S, Ar, Ca and Ni. We map the distribution of these elements in many spatial regions,and create radial profiles to the east and west of the centre. The ratios of the most robustly determined elements to iron are consistent with Solar ratios, indicating that there has been enrichment by both Type Ia and Type II supernovae. For a normal initial stellar mass function it represents the products of about 4x10^10 solar masses of star formation. This star formation can have occured either continuously at a rate of 5 solar masses per year for the past 8 Gyr or more,or was part of the formation of the central galaxy at earlier times. Either conclusion requires that the inner core of the Centaurus cluster has not suffered a major disruption within the past 8 Gyr, or even longer.
Analytical Hierarchy Process Method to Determine Student Satisfaction Level with Academic Services

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Student satisfaction is an important aspect in the world of higher education that must be taken seriously. This is because students are the main stakeholders in the learning process and the development of educational institutions. The purpose of this research is to identify factors that affect student satisfaction with academic services and to apply the AHP method in determining the relative weight of each assessment factor that affects student satisfaction with academic services. The results showed that the AHP method helped weight alternatives and criteria with a weight scale of 1 - 9 according to the Saaty table, after weighting the alternatives, then ranking using the AHP method to get the final score, ranking 1 was obtained by Conducive Lecture Room with a final score of 0.084 and ranking 21 was obtained by Regulation with a final score of 0.037, therefore the level of student satisfaction with Conducive Lecture Room was the highest. The design of the application is carried out by conducting research in the academic science of UINSU by collecting student assessment data on academic services, after the data is collected, the weighting of each academic service is carried out and then entered into the application that has been built using the AHP method, influencing factors based on the weight of criteria and sub-criteria.
Adaptive Transformations: Nineteenth-Century Stage Adaptations of Nineteenth-Century Novels

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study analyses nineteenth-century stage adaptations of Victorian novels. It argues that doing so, provides an important insight into the way that nineteenth-century society engaged with and responded to proto-feminism. A selection of nineteenth-century stage adaptations of three novels, which were both popular at the time and have subsequently become canonical, are analysed. The thesis focuses on how dramatists responded to the germinal proto-feminist elements in the novel when they transferred the plot of the original source to the stage. In Chapter One, the issue of female agency is looked at in the nineteenth century stage adaptations of Jane Eyre. Chapter Two focuses on the figure of the ‘fallen woman’ in the shape of Isabel Vane, Mrs Henry Wood’s central figure in East Lynne. Finally, in Chapter Three the complex issue of madness, criminal culpability and femininity is examined in the stage adaptations of Mary Braddon’s Lady Audley’s Secret. Despite the attention devoted to the novels by feminist critics, the study of these popular adaptations has received comparatively little attention. One of the plays examined in this thesis has never been examined at an academic level before (The Mystery of Audley Court by John Brougham 1866). Building on the pioneering work of Patsy Stoneman, this thesis contributes to the growing interest in popular plays. The argument of this thesis is that by studying popular adaptations it is possible from both a New Historicist and a proto-feminist perspective to identify how nineteenth-century society engaged with and responded to proto-feminism. The key findings of this thesis are to do with the amount of license that the dramatists gave themselves as they went about adapting the original source to the stage, for example, the characteristics of the main characters are altered, characters are omitted and new characters are created and inserted into the plot, themes are removed or highlighted and it is the argument of this thesis that those changes were made due to contemporaneous events.
Mobilities and Cosmopolitanisms in African and Afrodiasporic Literatures

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In Mobilities and Cosmopolitanisms in African and Afrodiasporic Literatures, Anna-Leena Toivanen explores the representations and relationship of mobilities and cosmopolitanisms in Franco- and Anglophone African and Afrodiasporic literary texts from the 1990s to the 2010s. Representations of mobility practices are discussed against three categories of cosmopolitanism reflecting the privileged, pragmatic, and critical aspects of the concept. The main scientific contribution of Toivanen’s book is its attempt to enhance dialogue between postcolonial literary studies and mobilities research. The book criticises reductive understandings of ‘mobility’ as a synonym for migration, and problematises frequently made links between mobility and cosmopolitanism. Mobilities and Cosmopolitanisms adopts a comparative approach to Franco- and Anglophone African and Afrodiasporic literatures, often discussed separately despite their common themes and parallel paths.
Contention-Based Congestion Control in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The performance of traditional TCP congestion control protocol degrades when congestion and contention increase in ad hoc networks that use the IEEE 802.11 DCF. Many of the problems result from medium contention at the media access control (MAC) layer. In this paper, we present a new contention-based congestion control (CBCC) method according to novel congestion information from MAC layer. This proposal aims to avoid the congestion nodes and guarantee better performance in terms of delay, packet delivery ratio, and throughput. By monitoring the number of one node entry the back off algorithm, our CBCC scheme can calculate the congestion metric called back off state ratio, a more accurate metric to characterize the network congestion status. Node uses this indication to determine whether to drop a packet or not. Simulation results show that the algorithm can greatly increase the network throughput and effectively control the network congestion at the MAC layer.
Safety and efficacy of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy post simultaneous kidney and pancreas transplant

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Few reports in the literature explore the efficacy of bariatric surgery in patients post simultaneous kidney and pancreas transplant (SKPT). This case report entails a patient who had SKPT because of end-stage renal disease and type I diabetes. The transplant failed, and the patient gained weight. The report explains the approach and the outcome of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in this patient as a preparation for a re-transplant. The patient was having grade 2 obesity, insulin-dependent, on hemodialysis, and had obstructive sleep apnea on bilevel positive airway pressure. A multidisciplinary team approach was implemented, and the procedure was completed with no immediate postoperative complications. The patient lost ~10 kg and was able to stop insulin.
What Makes an Ethnographer? Institutionalized Teaching and Informal Learning of Anthropology in Romania

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The processes of disciplinary institutionalization emerged from practices of preserving written and oral documents, establishing local and national museums, and developing university courses. In the last 100 years, archives’ development assured the professionalization of scholars interested in disciplines unrepresented at the university level, such as ethnography and anthropology. After the 1990s, as the South-Eastern European countries could not imagine an alternative path of development, a westernization process emerged as the main strategy for catching-up with Western Europe. My paper discusses the institutionalized anthropological and ethnographic research agenda in Romania, questioning its relationships with other social sciences in the context of national development of ethnography as a distinct branch (e.g., from anthropology). Secondly, I argue that institutionalized ethnographic and anthropological practice in Romania during communism significantly lacked reflective assessments and development of a theoretical corpus.