jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
First year medical students’ perceptions of the impact of wearing scrubs on professional identity: a narrative analysis in the United Arab Emirates

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives Medical school serves as a critical developmental period for future physicians, during which students begin to form a professional identity. Just as personal appearance, particularly clothing, is an important external expression of one’s personal identity, ‘uniforms’ in healthcare, including white coats and scrubs, symbolise status and a group identity. There are, however, limited studies on the impact of physician attire on medical students’ formation of professional identity. Accordingly, through qualitative analysis of written narratives, we sought to analyse medical students’ experiences of wearing professional physician attire, namely scrubs, and how the uniform impacted their confidence level, performance and behaviours, as well as their identity as future physicians. Design Qualitative analysis of medical student’s written narratives. Setting Khalifa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences (KU CMHS) is a new medical school in the United Arab Emirates, with an inaugural class of 30 students admitted in August 2019. It is the only medical school in the city of Abu Dhabi, and the only school in the country that follows a postgraduate medical curriculum. Participants All first year medical students at KU CMHS were purposively sampled. Methods Students completed a voluntary online anonymous questionnaire. We employed a social identity approach to data analysis. Thematic content analysis was conducted on their narratives to identify themes. Results We identified three major themes, namely (1) emotions, (2) logistics and (3) interpersonal relationships. Conclusions Medical students form early perceptions regarding physician attire and its impact on their professional identity. Engaging in conversations regarding professional attire with educators or mentors could provide an important opportunity for students to discuss and explore professional identity early in training.
Evaluating the Validity of Risk Scoring in Predicting Pacemaker Rates following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction. Requirement of permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation is a known and common postoperative consequence of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). The Emory risk score has been recently developed to help risk stratify the need for PPM insertion in patients undergoing TAVR with SAPIEN 3 valves. Our aim was to assess the validity of this risk score in our patient population, as well as its applicability to patients receiving self-expanding valves. Methods. We conducted a retrospective review of 479 TAVR patients without preoperative pacemakers from November 2016 through December 2018. Preoperative risk factors included in the Emory risk score were collected for each patient: preoperative QRS, preoperative right bundle branch block (RBBB), preoperative syncope, and degree of valve oversizing. Multivariable analysis of the individual variables within the scoring system to identify predictors of PPM placement was performed. The predictive discrimination of the risk score for the risk of PPM placement after TAVR was assessed with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results. Our results demonstrated that, of the 479 patients analyzed, 236 (49.3%) received balloon-expandable valves and 243 (50.7%) received self-expanding valves. Pacemaker rates were higher in patients receiving self-expanding valves than those receiving balloon-expandable valves (25.1% versus 16.1%, p = 0.018 ). The Emory risk score showed a moderate correlation with pacemaker requirement in patients receiving each valve type, with AUC for balloon-expandable and self-expanding valves of 0.657 and 0.645, respectively. Of the four risk score components, preoperative RBBB was the only predictor of pacemaker requirement with an AUC of 0.615 for both balloon-expandable and self-expanding valves. Conclusion. In our cohort, the Emory risk score had modest predictive utility for PPM insertion after balloon-expandable and self-expanding TAVR. The risk score did not offer better discriminatory utility than that of preoperative RBBB alone. Understanding the determinants of PPM insertion after TAVR can better guide patient education and postoperative management.
Nuclear Risk and Rationality: Reevaluating Rational Decision Making through the Lens of Tohoku’s Nuclear Evacuees

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is the examination of previous STS-based frameworks for rational risk evaluation and the role of Fukushima residents as co-creators of new technical codes in safety and risk. To accomplish this task, the causes of nuclear refugees’ uncertainty and distrust towards the industry and the applicability of frameworks for scientific proceduralism and democratic rationalization by Kristin Shrader-Frechette and Andrew Feenberg to this issue will be discussed.
Balancing Livelihood and Conservation in a Biodiversity Hotspot

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Th e need to eat, have shelter and clothing is continuously endangering our delicate coexistence with the environment. Greed and indiff erence have further made the link become so lopsided such that the environment is at the losing end. Man has readily abandoned their roles as protectors and managers of natural resources just to survive. Such is the case in Mt. Malindang, Misamis Occidental, Philippines. Th e people’s continuous disregard for its forests, watersheds, and coastal areas can rapidly transform the Mt. Malindang landscape into the last frontier for the fl ora and fauna species endemic only to the Philippines. The studies also affirmed Mt. Malindang as a biodiversity hotspot and priority conservation site with the increased presence of endangered and critically threathened endemic flora and fauna species. This is indeed proof of how people are depending on Mt. Malindang's resources for their basic needs and most important their livelihood.
Species of Hypomyces and Nectria Occurring on Discomycetes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Hypomyces papulasporae (synanamorphs = Papulaspora sp., Sibirina sp.), H. papulasporae var. americanus (synanamorphs = Papulaspora candida, Sibirina clavisedum), H. mycogones (anamorph = Mycogone-like) on Geoglossum spp. and Trichoglossum spp.; Hypomyces stephanomatis (synanamorphs = Stephanoma strigosum, Sibirina sp.) on the operculate discomycete Humaria hemisphaerica; Hypomyces leotiicola (synanamorphs = Sepedonium leotiarum, Sibirina sp.) on Leotia lubrica, and Nectria discophila (anamorph = ?Acremonium sp.) on Lachnum spp. are proposed. Nectria albidopilosa and N. discicola, occurring on unidentified, inoperculate Discomycetes, are also described. Hypomyces sepulcralis on soil and possibly on Peziza sp., and Nectria sepultariae, on Sepultaria arenicola, are redescribed. Stephanoma tetracoccum and its Sibirina-like synanamorph, both found on members of the Geoglossaceae, are illustrated and described briefly.
THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF SPASTIC PARALYSIS BY SYMPATHETIC RAMISECTION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor:

—InThe Journal, June 19 and 26, the relationship of the sympathetic nervous system to the surgery of spastic paralysis as advocated by myself is discussed. There are a few comments I should like to add to the discussion. In the first case, Dr. Steindler struck the right note when he suggested that the investigation should be investigated. Let me deal first of all with the statements of Drs. Forbes and Cobb. They are evidently unfamiliar with my original paper, or they would not make the statement that Hunter's theory and experiments preceded the operative treatment. As a matter of fact, with my first paper (A New Operative Procedure in the Treatment of Spastic Paralysis and Its Experimental Basis,M. J. Australia1:77 [Jan. 26] 1924) John I. Hunter (The Postural Influence of the Sympathetic Innervation of Voluntary Muscle,M. J. Australia1:86 [Jan. 26]
Performance Simulation of a Traffic Sign Recognition based Neural Network on Cadence’s Tensilica Vision P6 DSP using Xtensa Xplorer IDE

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) technology is currently in an embryonic stage. Many multinational tech companies and startups are developing a truly autonomous vehicle that will guarantee the safety and security of the passengers and other vehicles, pedestrians on roads, and roadside structures such as traffic signal poles, traffic signposts, and other structures. However, these autonomous vehicles have not been implemented on a large scale for regular use on roads currently. These autonomous vehicles perform many different object detection/recognition tasks. Examples include traffic sign recognition, lane detection, pedestrian detection. Usually, the person driving the vehicle performs these detection/recognition tasks. The main goal of such autonomous systems should be to perform these tasks in real-time. Deep learning performs these object recognition tasks with very high accuracy. The neural network is implemented on the hardware device, which does all the computation work. Different vendors have many different hardware choices that suit the client's needs. Usually, these neural networks are implemented on a CPU, DSP, GPU, FPGA, and other custom-made AI-specific hardware. The underlying processor forms a vital part of an ADAS. The CNN needs to process the incoming frames from a camera for real-time object detection/recognition tasks. Real-time processing is necessary to take appropriate actions/decisions depending on the logic embedded. Hence knowing the performance of the neural network (in terms of frames processed per second) on the underlying hardware is a significant factor in deciding the various hardware options available from different vendors, which CNN model to implement, whether the CNN model is suitable to implement on the underlying hardware depending upon the system specifications and requirement. In this paper, we trained a CNN using the transfer learning approach to recognize german traffic signs using Nvidia DIGITS web-based software and analyzed the performance of this trained CNN (in terms of frames per second) by simulating the trained CNN on Cadence's Xtensa Xplorer software by selecting Cadence's Tensilica Vision P6 DSP as an underlying processor for inference.
Formation of water chemistry in the Modonkul river under the action of mine drainage effluent

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The Dzhida ore field in the Zakamensk district of Buryatia features high concentration of mineralization within a small area. The Dzhida deposit is composed of complex ore. The ore field contains commercial-value primary deposits: Pervomai stockwork of molybdenum, Kholtoson tungsten lode and Inkur stockwork of tungsten. The Modonkul river catchment basin lies inside the Dzhida ore field. A real threat to the town of Zakamensk is created by manmade sand-bulk (old) tailings and slurry dump. By now, the concentrated flow of natural and man-made sand enters the low terrace and floodplain of the Modonkul river in the form of a talus train. This study is focused on the influence of the mine drainage effluent and the Inkur tributary on the water chemistry in the Modonkul river. 80 water samples were taken from the surface layer 0-0.5 m thick at five stations. Physicochemical indices of water were measured at the water sampling points, and the water chemistry was analyzed in a laboratory. In the background conditions, cations and anions in the Modonkul water chemistry range in decreasing order as follows: Са2+ > Mg2+ > Na++К+ и HCO - > SO 2- > Cl-. In the zone of mixture of natural and mine process water, the chemistry changes: from hydrocarbonate to sulfate (anion), from calcium-magnesium to sodium-calcium (cation). Downstream the natural chemistry changes to the hydrocabonate-sulfate composition, with prevailing content of calcium in cations. Iron content of water lowers 3-4 times after influx of mine effluents, while the contents of Mn, Zn, Co and Cd grow and then decrease downstream.
Evaluation of a New Assay for Vi Antibody in Chronic Carriers of Salmonella typhi

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The assay for serum antibody to the Salmonella typhi capsular polysaccharide (Vi) antigen has recently been revised because of the availability of a purified, highly polymerized Vi antigen. We compared this revised Vi antibody assay to the traditional one for potential usefulness in the surveillance of chronic enteric carriers of S. typhi. The purified Vi antigen of Citrobacter freundii was incorporated into a passive hemagglutination assay for serum Vi antibody; the standard Vi antibody assay was also a hemagglutination assay that employed as the Vi antigen a crude extract of Citrobacter (Ballerup O group 29). As determined by the revised assay, Vi antibody was found in the sera of 22 (71%) of 31 current typhoid carriers, none of 6 resolved carriers, and none of 22 control subjects. According to the traditional assay, Vi antibody was present in 23 of those current carriers (74%), 1 of the resolved carriers (17%), and 4 of the control subjects (18%). The rate of false-positive Vi antibody tests among resolved carriers and control subjects was less with the revised assay (P < 0.05). Successful antimicrobial therapy resulted in a reversion to seronegativity within 1 year in 8 of 10 Vipositive carriers according to the revised assay, but in only 3 of 11 according to the standard assay (P < 0.05). During a 2-year period of observation, 15 (94%) of 16 current typhoid carriers had at least one positive purified Vi antibody test; among 12 of those patients with Vi titers of 1:40 or greater, 9 (75%) were continuously Vi positive. Thus, the revised Vi antibody assay is more specific and no less sensitive than the standard assay for the condition of current enteric carriage of S. typhi. This serological test could be of value in the surveillance of typhoid carriers by public health agencies.
Modern technologies of early diagnosis of wound infection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The article presents an analysis of the data of modern literature devoted to the study of early diagnosis of wound infection. It is well known that wound healing is a very complex and dynamic mechanism of wound re-epithelialization. At the same time, the normal microflora of the skin plays an important function for maintaining homeostasis and the formation of the skin. There are about 1000 species of microorganisms belonging to the normal flora of human skin and do not cause any harm to healthy people. At the same time, there are microorganisms that, when they enter the wound, lead to the development of infectious complications of wounds as a result of a violation of the integrity of the skin. They include both gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp., Morganella spp., etc.). Early detection of these microorganisms will contribute to timely and high-quality treatment of wound infection. Currently, there are certain conditions that limit the use of microbiological research methods used to establish a clinical diagnosis of wound infection (long duration, labor intensity, required level of qualification of specialists, etc.). This dictates the need to develop new, fast and easy-to-use methods for diagnosing wound infection. To this end, a group of researchers from Russia (Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology) and the USA (University of Texas at Austin) have recently developed wearable sensors for the diagnosis of wound infection. These sensors can be embedded in wound dressings and are able to detect certain biomarkers indicating the presence of wound infection. Among these biomarkers, pH and uric acid are the most commonly used, but there are many others (lactic acid, oxygenation, inflammatory mediators, bacterial metabolites or the bacteria themselves). Currently, the development of microelectronics, the emergence of biochemical sensors, active microfluidics and painless microneedles have led to the creation of new generations of wearable biosensors that provide completely new opportunities in the fight against wound infection.
Effect of NaCl replacement by other salt mixtures on myofibrillar proteins: Underlining protein structure, gel formation, and chewing properties

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The protein structure, gel changes, and chewing properties of low‐sodium myofibrillar protein (MP) prepared by compound chloride salts (KCl/MgCl 2 , KCl/CaCl 2 , and KCl/MgCl 2 /CaCl 2 ) and different substitution degrees (10%, 25%, and 40%) at same ionic strength (0.6 M) were investigated. The results revealed that the low‐sodium MP gels containing CaCl 2 manifested more liquid loss and less moisture content accompanied by obvious morphological shrinkage, while KCl/MgCl 2 contributed to the gel juiciness. At high substitution degree of 40%, KCl/CaCl 2 substitution rendered the gel with dense structure and highest strength, but worse water retention capacity. Using other compound chloride salts influenced the chewing efficiency, and CaCl 2 substitution made the gel relatively hard to chew. The inhomogeneous structure accompanied by cluster blocks in KCl/CaCl 2 ‐substituted MP gel accelerated the overall fracture rate. During heating process, more proteins in CaCl 2 ‐substituted MP did not participate in gel formation, intervening the final gel properties. The chloride salt mixtures containing MgCl 2 , rather than CaCl 2 , avoided or alleviated the liquid loss and shrinkage of low‐sodium MP gel within the substitution degree of 10%–40%, and substitution degree not exceeding 25% was more reasonable for the controlled qualities.
A minority with diversity: the Shiʿi community in America

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The twentieth century witnessed a dramatic increase in the migration of Muslims to the American shores. The increased presence and visibility of Muslims in America means that Islam is no longer to be characterized as a Middle Eastern or South Asian phenomenon. Given the fact that it is the fastest growing religion in America, Islam is now a very American phenomenon. Hence the familiar categorization of 'Islam and the West' should be reformulated to read 'Islam in the West.' Most scholars have focused on the experience of Sunni Muslims in America. They often postulate a monolithic Islam that expresses the 'normative Islam.' Hence any variant religious expression is perceived as an aberration that is to be ignored or discarded. This paper will outline the salient features that characterize the Shiʿi community in America. It will also examine the challenges the community encounters living as a minority within the broader Muslim community. The article will argue that divisions within the American Shiʿi community are often exacerbated by the establishment of ethnic institutions that act as cultural buffers. These institutions conduct services and enact rituals along the lines that were established "back home," marginalizing, in the process, Shiʿis who come from different ethnic backgrounds. It will be argued that far from being a monolithic group, the American Shiʿi community comprises a mosaic of diverse ethnic and cultural groups that have settled in America. As a matter of fact, it is possible to speak of a 'rainbow' nature of Shiʿi Islam.
IMPLEMENTATION OF REGIONAL REGULATION NUMBER 2 OF 2021 CONCERNING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROTECTION OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Cases of domestic violence are of such high urgency that the state both preventively and repressively prevents and overcomes these problems so as to provide guarantees regarding order and security in social life. In the current era of decentralisation, integrally and holistically the Regional Government in carrying out regional autonomy based on the principle of medebewind is obliged to make implementing regulations of the Law both in the form of Regional Regulations, as well as Regional Regulation of Majalengka Regency Implementing Agencies, and Regional Regulation of Majalengka Regency Implementing Programs. Seeing the seriousness of the number of domestic violence cases in Majalengka, which is getting higher every year, the Regional Government of Majalengka Regency normatively issued Regional Regulation of Majalengka Regency Number 2 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of Protection of Women and Children, and in action the implementer of the Regional Regulation is equipped with an implementing agency implementing the regional regulation, namely the Majalengka Regency Office of Women's Empowerment, Child Protection and Family Planning . The results showed that the implementation of Majalengka Regency Regional Regulation Number 2 of 2021 and the role of Women's Empowerment, Child Protection and Family Planning Majalengka Regency were considered successful in resolving domestic violence cases that occurred in Majalengka Regency in a non-litigation or mediation manner, thus it has become the duties and functions of Women's Empowerment, Child Protection and Family Planning Majalengka Regency to handle domestic violence cases at the non-litigation or mediation level in a family manner with the relevant parties.
Optimality and Noise Resilience of Critical Quantum Sensing

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We compare critical quantum sensing to passive quantum strategies to perform frequency estimation, in the case of single-mode quadratic Hamiltonians. We show that, while in the unitary case both strategies achieve precision scaling quadratic with the number of photons, in the presence of dissipation this is true only for critical strategies. We also establish that working at the exceptional point or beyond threshold provides suboptimal performance. This critical enhancement is due to the emergence of a transient regime in the open critical dynamics, and is invariant to temperature changes. When considering both time and system size as resources, for both strategies the precision scales linearly with the product of the total time and the number of photons, in accordance with fundamental bounds. However, we show that critical protocols outperform optimal passive strategies if preparation and measurement times are not negligible. Our results are applicable to a broad variety of critical sensors whose phenomenology can be reduced to that of a single-mode quadratic Hamiltonian, including systems described by finite-component and fully connected models.
Menstrual Pattern Among School Girls With Special Reference To Determinants Of Amount Of Menstrual Blood Loss: A Cross-Sectional Study In Jaipur City

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Menstruation had many tremendous psychological response in adolescent. And there are many myths prevalent regarding menstruation. So this study was conducted with the aim to study menstrual pattern in adolescent school going girls and association of menstrual blood flow with their BMI, diet, sports activities and gadgets. This study is a descriptive type of cross-sectional study in which adolescent girls who attained menarche were included. Present study was carried out on in government schools Jaipur City (Rajasthan) on 1233 girls aged between 13 to 19 years. BMI was significantly associated with amount of blood loss. Girls whose BMI was <18.5 kg/m2 or underweight had moderate to severe degree of dysmenorrhoea compare to those BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2. Proportion of girls involved in sports activities were having less amount of blood loss compared to those who were leading sedentary life. B So it can be concluded that BMI has direct co-relation with menstrual blood loss; the girls involved in sports had less amount of menstrual blood loss.