jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
HCV genotype analysis in HCV-HIV-co-infected Puerto Ricans who are injecting drug users: undetermined and mixed infections.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Direct percutaneous exposure is the main route of HCV transmission. In Puerto Rico half of people infected with HIV use illicit drugs. The effects of HCV in the course of HIV infection and vice versa have been extensively studied, but remain highly controversial. This may be due to HCV genetic heterogeneity. Therefore, a complex classification into genotypes has emerged that prompted us to determined how this impacts a population of intravenous drug users (IDUs) co-infected with HIV-1. Using Inno-LiPa II technique, we analyzed samples from 171 HCV-HIV-1-co-infected IDUs and 375 from a general HCV population of unknown HIV or source of infection status. Similar HCV genotype distribution was detected in these populations. HCV genotype 1a was the most frequently in IDUs-co-infected with HIV-1, followed by 1b and 3a. Twenty mixed infections and 5 undetermined genotypes were reported. A reduced HCV viral load was observed in HIV-1 positives with wasting syndrome. Individuals with a high HIV-1 viral load presented a low HCV viral load. There were no correlation between HCV genotypes and AIDS-related event. Patients with genotype 1b showed a higher HCV viral load. Males presented higher HCV viral load than females. Females were predominantly affected by genotype 1a, and men by 1a and 1b. Neither the HCV viral load nor the frequency of genotypes were influenced by the antiretroviral modality. The importance of continuous genotype monitoring is stressed.
Risk factors and early signs of pancreatic cancer in diabetes: screening strategy based on diabetes onset age Suguru MizunoYousuke NakaiHiroyuki IsayamaAyako YanaiNaminatsu Takahara • Koji MiyabayashiKeisuke YamamotoKazumichi KawakuboDai MohriHirofumi Kogure • Takashi SasakiNatsuyo YamamotoNaoki SasahiraKenji HiranoTakeshi Tsujino •

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) has long been recognized as a risk factor for pancreatic cancer (PaC) and recently has attracted attention as a manifestation of PaC. Diabetes is expected to be a clue for the early detection of PaC; however, no effective screening strategy has been established. Methods Forty diabetic patients with PaC were identified and compared with 120 diabetic patients without any malignancies. We analyzed risk factors for and early signs of PaC, focusing on the DM-onset age. Results As there were peaks at 40–45 years and 60–65 years in the distribution of DM-onset age, we analyzed the clinical characteristics of and risk factors for PaC according to DM-onset age: i.e., early-onset (\55 years) and lateonset (C55 years). PaC was diagnosed within 2 years of DM onset (new-onset) in 0 % of the patients with earlyonset DM, and in 33 % of those with late-onset DM. The mean duration of DM in patients with early-onset DM with PaC was longer than that in the late-onset patients (26 vs. 9 years; P 0.01). A family history of DM (odds ratio [OR] 3.60) and use of insulin (OR 3.52) were significant risk factors in patients with early-onset DM, while the onset age of DM (OR 1.12) and multiple diabetic patients in the family (OR 6.13) were risk factors in those with lateonset DM. Body weight loss and exacerbation of DM were seen 12 months prior to PaC diagnosis in both groups. Conclusions Our study revealed specific risk factors for and similar early signs of PaC in early-onset and late-onset DM. Thus, we could develop a screening strategy, combining these risk factors specific for DM-onset age with early signs of disease.
Field Assessment of Neighboring Building and Tree Shading Effects on the 3D Radiant Environment and Human Thermal Comfort in Summer within Urban Settlements in Northeast China

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Shading is one of the most effective strategies to mitigate urban local-scale heat stress during summer. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of shading caused by buildings and trees via exhaustive field measurement research on urban outdoor 3D radiant environment and human thermal comfort. We analyzed the characteristics of micrometeorology and human thermal comfort at shaded areas, and compared the difference between building and tree shading effects as well as that between shaded and sunlit sites. The results demonstrate that mean radiant temperature T mrt (mean reduction values of 28.1°C for tree shading and 28.8°C for building shading) decreased considerably more than air temperature T a (mean reduction values of 1.9°C for tree shading and 1.2°C for building shading) owing to shading; furthermore, the reduction effect of shading on UTCI synthesized the variation in the above two parameters. Within the shaded areas, short-wave radiant components (mean standardized values of 0.104 for tree shading and 0.087 for building shading) decreased considerably more than long-wave radiant components (mean standardized values of 0.848 for tree shading and 0.851 for building shading) owing to shading; the proportion of long-wave radiant flux densities absorbed by the reference standing person was high, leading to a relatively high long-wave mean radiant temperature, and R 2 between long-wave mean radiant temperature and air temperature exceeded 0.8. Moreover, the directional sky view factor (SVF) was utilized in this study, and it showed significant positive correlation with short-wave radiant flux densities, but no statistically evident correlation with long-wave radiant flux densities. Meanwhile, T mrt was most relevant with SVF S⟶ with R 2 of 0.9756. Furthermore, UTCI rose two categories at the sunlit areas compared with that at the shaded areas. In contrast, T a and T mrt played the first positive role in UTCI at shaded and sunlit areas, respectively.
Food capacity in alternative food markets: visceral encounters, bodily interactions and contagious magic

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Taking inspiration from assemblage thinking and the vitality of matter, this study examines the negotiated, contested and nonlinear formation of highly marginalised and stigmatised alternative food market. The analysis of an ethnographic case study shows that tensions of disorder, abjection and dangerisation spark when components of an alternative food market assemblage misaligns with prevailing social norms, values and institutional arrangements. Although these tensions threaten the alternative food market assemblage, further analysis reveals the capacity of food to assuage these tensions and this occurred, in part; because food catalyses human engagement through visceral encounters, bodily interactions and contagious magic. To that end, the study sets a new agenda for alternative market research to consider the sensory, corporeal and magical capacity of matter to provoke in humans a new sensitivity to our wasteful practices, endangered planet, social inequalities and prejudices.
Corporate social responsibility's influence on firm risk and firm performance: the mediating role of firm reputation

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract The aim of the article is to analyze the influence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives by firm on firm performance and firm risk. Moreover, the mediating role of firm reputation in CSR/performance and CSR/risk relationship is also examined. Data were collected from European and Asian firms listed on Fortune's Most Admired Countries for the period 2014–2018. Using logit regression model and OLS regressions, we find that CSR has a significant positive influence on firm reputation and firm performance whereas on firm risk it is negative. Based on our results, we also confirm that firm reputation does mediate the relationship between CSR‐firm performance and CSR‐firm risk. This study adds to CSR related literature by providing more reliable and objective evidence on the role of firm reputation in CSR engagement and also provides direction for future studies in this context.
Aicardi Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In 1965, Aicardi et al. reported a new syndrome consisting of spasms in flexion, callosal agenesis, and ocular abnormalities. Actual frequency of the condition is not known, but about 1–4% of cases of infantile spasms from tertiary referral centers may be due to Aicardi syndrome.KeywordsCorpus CallosumInfantile SpasmKlinefelter SyndromeChoroid Plexus PapillomaCallosal AgenesisThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
An Improved Unbiased Particle Filter

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we consider the filtering of partially observed multi-dimensional diffusion processes that are observed regularly at discrete times. We assume that, for numerical reasons, one has to time-discretize the diffusion process which typically leads to filtering that is subject to discretization bias. The approach in [16] establishes that when only having access to the time-discretized diffusion it is possible to remove the discretization bias with an estimator of finite variance. We improve on the method in [16] by introducing a modified estimator based on the recent work of [17]. We show that this new estimator is unbiased and has finite variance. Moreover, we conjecture and verify in numerical simulations that substantial gains are obtained. That is, for a given mean square error (MSE) and a particular class of multi-dimensional diffusion, the cost to achieve the said MSE falls.
Topological transitions for lattice bosons in a magnetic field

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Hall response provides an important characterization of strongly correlated phases of matter. We study the Hall conductivity of interacting bosons on a lattice subjected to a magnetic field. We show that for any density or interaction strength, the Hall conductivity is characterized by an integer. We find that the phase diagram is intersected by topological transitions between different values of this integer. These transitions lead to surprising effects, including sign reversal of the Hall conductivity and extensive regions in the phase diagram where it acquires a negative sign, which implies that flux flow is reversed in these regions—vortices there flow upstream. Our findings have immediate applications to a wide range of phenomena in condensed matter physics, which are effectively described in terms of lattice bosons.
Multi-criteria spatialization of soil organic carbon sequestration potential from agricultural intensification in Senegal

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

On the eve of the 15th climate negotiations conference in Copenhagen, the pressure to assess all climate mitigation options is mounting. In this study, a bio-physic model and a socio-economic model were designed and coupled to assess the carbon sequestration potential of agricultural intensification in Senegal. The biophysical model is a multiple linear regression, calibrated and tested on a dataset of long-term agricultural trials established in West Africa. The socio-economic model integrates both financial and environmental costs related to considered practice changes. Both models are spatially explicit and the resulting spatial patterns were computed and displayed over Senegal with a geographic information system. The national potential from large-scale intensification was assessed at 0.65-0.83 MtC. With regards to local-scaled intensification as local projects, the most profitable areas were identified in agricultural expansion regions (especially Casamance), while the areas that meet the current financial additionality criteria of the Clean Development Mechanism were located in the northern part of the Peanut Basin. Using the current relevant mode of carbon valuation (Certified Emission Reductions), environmental benefits are small compared to financial benefits. This picture is radically changed if avoided deforestation, a likely consequence of agricultural intensification, is accounted for as the greenhouse gases sink capacity of projects increases by an average of a hundred-fold over Senegal.
Commitment as a buyer-supplier antecedent for supply chain sustainability

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The South African automotive industry is an important sector that contributes substantially to the country's economy. The sustainability of local suppliers within South African automotive supply chains is under threat because of global pressures, especially competition from low-cost countries. Increased pressure leads to conflict between international buyers and local suppliers. The result is strained relationships, causing lower levels of commitment, often increasing risk and threatening the sustainability of local suppliers. The aim of this study was to determine whether commitment as an antecedent within supply chains exists and whether such a precursor has an effect on sustainability within South African automotive supply chains. The study found, through the application of a linear regression model, that commitment could potentially contribute to vital supply chain sustainability in South Africa. The results point automotive component suppliers towards investing in a relational governance strategy to enhance buyer commitment and thus contribute to business sustainability.
Estrogen promotes the proliferation and migration of endometrial cancer cells by upregulating the expression of lncRNA HOTAIR

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective Estrogen (E2) is the main contributor to the progression of endometrial cancer (EC). The long noncoding RNA HOX antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) is emerging as a new regulator in several cancer types. This study aimed to investigate the role of HOTAIR in EC development and identify the underlying molecular mechanisms.Methods HOTAIR expression levels in human EC tissues and the corresponding adjacent tissues and human EC Ishikawa cells were determined by quantitative PCR. Ishikawa cells were treated with E2 or estrogen receptor (ER) inhibitor ICI182780, transfected with siHOTAIR oligo, or infected with lentivirus expressing shHOTAIR/shNC, alone or in combinations. The protein expression of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) was evaluated by western blotting, and cell migration was measured by transwell assays. A xenograft tumorigenic model was established by inoculating control or stable shHOTAIR-infected Ishikawa cells into nude mice and implanting 17β-estradiol release pellets.Results HOTAIR expression was significantly elevated in human EC tissues. E2 exposure markedly increased HOTAIR levels in Ishikawa cells. Notably, E2 increased the protein expression of PRC2 and promoted EC cell migration, which were dependent on HOTAIR expression, as HOTAIR knockdown abolished these effects of E2. Similarly, E2 promoted the in vivo proliferation of grafted Ishikawa cells via upregulated HOTAIR expression in nude mice.Conclusions Human EC tissues highly express HOTAIR, and E2-induced EC progression depends on HOTAIR expression. This work suggests that the E2-HOTAIR axis is a potential therapeutic target in EC therapy.
Crisis Effects on Relations between US Commodities Futures: An E-garch Approach

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper estimates the nexus among gold futures, crude oil WTI futures, and natural gas futures before and after the global financial crisis’ outburst. Weekly data are employed and estimations are applied during two sub-periods by using a Nelson’s Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (E-GARCH) approach in order to test for asymmetries in volatilities. Results provide evidence of significant effects of gold price on oil and gas price volatility in an exponential way, but reverse causality does not hold. Moreover, oil prices are found to depend on gas prices.
A Mixed‐Methods Study Exploring Anatomy Coursework as a Prerequisite for Nursing School Admission at Indiana University Bloomington

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Undergraduate Human Anatomy (ANAT‐A215) is a prerequisite course for admission to the Bachelor of Nursing (BSN) program at Indiana University Bloomington. Ten years of Student Information Systems data (2008‐2019) was analyzed to explore pre‐nursing student success in this course with correlation to admissions into the BSN. Special attention was focused on repeat attempts of the course. Correlations between A215 grades and grades in nursing courses determine the importance of anatomy for nursing school. A qualitative interview portion was also included to garner perspective on the importance of anatomy and achievement in anatomy. Results were extensive from both the quantitative and qualitative portions. Only 24.1% of IUB pre‐nursing students are accepted into the IUB BSN. Students who achieve an A in ANAT‐A215 are most likely to be admitted (81.7%), supported qualitatively with recognition that anatomy is important for a nursing career but of most importance for students is achieving an A. For each decrease in letter grade there is a decrease in acceptances and 0% for a B or less. Students who choose to repeat the course need an A for a chance at nursing school admission (66.7%) and acceptance is progressively less likely for each decrease in grade. The importance of ANAT‐A215 is clear with positive academic correlations indicated for two nursing courses (PHSL‐P215 and NURS‐B261). Pre‐nursing students not admitted to nursing move across majors with 22.4% choosing a major in the School of Public Health and 40.3% leave IUB without a degree. From the qualitative data and the many implications of the statistics, there is a need for more advisors in the School of Nursing to handle the many implications of this data and the large population of pre‐nursing students. Changes in nursing admission standards and practices, advising of pre‐nursing students, and support for the importance of ANAT‐A215 are needed.
Strengthening Community-Clinical Linkages to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Rural NC: Feasibility Phase of the CHANGE Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Community Health Workers (CHW) are recommended for delivery of interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease, but there is insufficient evidence from interventions conducted in rural, medically underserved areas. Methods Using a hybrid implementation-effectiveness design, we evaluated the implementation and effectiveness of an adapted, evidence-based cardiovascular disease risk reduction intervention among rural high-risk adults. CHWs at a community health center and local health department recruited, enrolled and counseled participants during 4 monthly home visits and 3 brief phone contacts. Participant data collection included pre- and post-intervention measurements of blood pressure, weight, and dietary and physical activity behaviors. We evaluated implementation with measures of intervention reach and delivery fidelity. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics and paired t-tests. Results Study participants (n=105) had a mean age of 62 years and included 88% Non-Hispanic Blacks and 82% females. Recruitment strategies resulted in the enrollment of 38% of interested and eligible participants who received 80% of the planned intervention visits and phone contacts. Mean differences in pre-/post-intervention measures showed significant mean reductions in blood pressure (-5.4 mm Hg systolic, p=.006; -2.3 mm Hg diastolic, p=.04) and body weight (-3.8 lb., p=.02). Self-reported dietary and physical activity behaviors also improved significantly. Conclusion This feasibility study demonstrated preliminary implementation and program effectiveness of a CHW-delivered intervention to reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors. Additionally, it identified areas for future refinements to strategies that strengthening community-clinical linkages with an integrated role of CHWs in rural health care delivery. If results from this feasibility study can be enhanced in a larger sample, there would be significant potential to positively impact the excess burden of chronic diseases that adversely impact rural, low-income, and medically underserved populations.
Reflection on postmodern nomadism in French science fiction games (1987-1992)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The science fiction genre convention is typically used to articulate fears and hopes of contemporary society. This article aims to prove that between the 1980s and 1990s, this genre was used for the first time in French digital games to describe the situation of contemporary society allegorically. Making use of postmodern and existentialist philosophy, the author argues that the heroes of four examined games personify the consequences of French transformation from the “welfare state” to free market - inauthenticity, loneliness, living the moment, and poverty. These factors result in the nomadic (as considered by Zygmunt Bauman) lifestyle of the games' protagonists. Consequently, the analyzed games offer an insight into the economic and social changes in France.
A practice-based information system for multi-disciplinary care of chronically ill patients: what information do we need? The Community Care Coordination Network Database Group.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Primary care physicians provide longitudinal care for chronically ill individuals in concert with many other community-based disciplines. The care management of these individuals requires data not traditionally collected during the care of well, or acutely ill individuals. These data not only concern the patient, in the form of patient functional status, mental status and affect, but also pertain to the caregiver, home environment, and the formal community health and social service system. The goal of the Community Care Coordination Network is to build a primary care-based information system to share patient data and communicate patient related information among the community-based multi-disciplinary teams. One objective of the Community Care Coordination Network is to create a Community Care Database for chronically ill individuals by identifying those data elements necessary for efficient multi-disciplinary care.
The Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in western Scotland: a review and new evidence from Tiree

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Although both the Mesolithic and Neolithic of western Scotland have been studied since the early 20th century, our knowledge of both periods remains limited, as does our understanding of the transition between them – whether this is entirely cultural in nature or involves the arrival of new Neolithic populations and the demise of the indigenous Mesolithic hunter-gatherers. The existing data provide seemingly contradictory evidence, with that from dietary analysis of skeletal remains suggesting population replacement and that from settlement and technology indicating continuity. After reviewing this evidence, this chapter briefly describes ongoing fieldwork in the Inner Hebrides that aims to gain a more complete understanding of Mesolithic settlement patterns, without which there can only be limited progress on understanding the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition.