jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
CaMKII and protein phosphatase regulate IgE class switch recombination via TRAF3 ubiquitination

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Function and activating pathway of NF-κB are unclear in IgE class switch recombination (CSR). Previously, we found that NF-κB alternative pathway regulated IgE CSR induced by IL-4 and CD40 stimulation. In this study, we show that CaMKII and protein phosphatase regulate IgE CSR via NF-κB alternative pathway. We showed that the stimulation of B cell line by IL-4 and CD40 increased the epsilon germ line transcript (εGLT) which is an index of IgE CSR. The effect of Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor (KN-93) and/or Protein phosphatase 2A family inhibitor (Okadaic acid) was tested. Furthermore, we investigated whether the same stimulation and treatment of B cell line increased nuclear translocation of p52 which is an index of NF-κB alternative pathway. Next, we established an in vitro ubiquitination assay system in which HEK293T cells were transfected with the cDNAs of His-tagged ubiquitin and HA-tagged TRAF3. TRAF3 is a negative regulatory molecule in NF-κB alternative pathway. His-tagged proteins were recovered and were subjected to Western blot analysis to detect ubiquitinated TRAF3. Lastly, we studied the association of TRAF3 with CaMKII and PP2A family member (PP2A, PP4, PP6) using a co-immunoprecipitation (IP) assay in the HEK293T cells. CaMKII enhanced TRAF3 ubiquitination and KN-93 decreased theεGLT and nuclear translocation of p52. Contrary to our expectation, Okadaic acid decreased theεGLT and p52. Furthermore, TRAF3 associates with CaMKII and PP6, but not PP2A or PP4. Therefore, we checked the effect of PP6 in TRAF3 ubiquitination. PP6 enhanced TRAF3 ubiquitination too. However, the effect of transfection of the cDNA of PP6 was much smaller than that of CaMKII. These results suggest that CaMKII and protein phosphatase positively regulate NF-κB alternative pathway by enhancing the polyubiquitination of TRAF3. Furthermore, PP6 may be an important molecule for regulation of IgE CSR.
The problem of determining the threshold for statistical analysis by the POT method: Application to wave data on the Moroccan Atlantic coast

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In a study of extreme waves by the Peak Over Threshold (POT) method, the determination of the threshold of data censoring is an essential step. A wrong choice of the threshold can lead to erroneous results of the wave height design and consequently a bad design of maritime structures such as breakwaters for deep sea ports. In this study, we analyzed the influence of the threshold variation on the results of the hundred-year return period waves, generally considered for the design of maritime structures. The sensitivity study allowed us to confirm that the exponential model is the best probability distribution to describe wave data in two points on the Moroccan Atlantic coast for the wave data period from 1958 to 2019. This study also confirmed that a wrong choice of the statistical distribution and a wrong choice of the threshold lead to significant errors in the estimation of design wave height.
EP720 Endosalpingiosis and papillary serous carcinoma in inguinal lymph nodes with uninvolved adnexae: a case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction/Background

Endosalpingiosis is the presence of tubal epithelium outside the tube. It is linked to pelvic pain, mass effects, infertility and urinary symptoms. Sometimes concurrent malignancy can exist, low-grade serous carcinoma being the most common. We present a rare case of inguinal node papillary serous carcinoma on the background of endosalpingiosis.

Methodology

This is a 59-year old woman whose tru-cut biopsy of an enlarged inguinal node showed metastatic low-grade papillary serous carcinoma of possible ovarian primary. Staging CT and whole body PET scan confirmed no evidence of metastatic disease.

Results

A laparoscopic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and hysteroscopy were performed. The histology showed no evidence of atypia or malignancy. Central MDT review recommended bilateral groin lymphadenectomy. Final histology confirmed 1/6 right node having borderline serous carcinoma and 1/9 left node having invasive low-grade serous carcinoma both arising in lymph-node endosalpingiosis. The patient remains asymptomatic and a CT Thorax-Abdomen-Pelvis performed 6 months after the diagnosis showed no evidence of recurrent or metastatic disease.

Conclusion

There are several theories regarding endosalpingiosis like implantation of tubal epithelium after procedures involving the fallopian tube, direct spread of tubal epithelium cells or metaplasia of the mesothelial cells. Endosalpingiotic nodal involvement with low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma has been described. However it is the second case report of inguinal node low-grade serous carcinoma arising from endosalpingiosis with no obvious adnexal involvement and the first to histologically exclude adnexal primary.

Disclosure

Nothing to disclose.
The Effect of Stretching and Tool-Assisted Friction Massage on Hamstring Flexibility

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of tool-assisted massage and passive stretching on hamstring flexibility. The hamstring is the most commonly injured multijoint muscle group in the body. To decrease the incidence of hamstring injury, clinicians employ the use of passive stretching to treat muscle shortening. Participants included male college baseball players between the ages of 18 and 24 years (n = 21). Utilizing three study groups, the participants' hamstring flexibility was measured by employing the passive knee extension test. Measurements of hamstring flexibility were taken prior to the study intervention and after the study intervention. The results indicated a significant increase in hamstring flexibility for the passive stretching and Fuzion groups, alpha = .05, p < .001. There was not a significant difference in hamstring flexibility between the passive stretching and Fuzion groups for the right and left leg, respectively, p = .789, p = .590. We concluded that, although passive stretching is an effective method to increase hamstring flexibility, the use of tool-assisted massage in conjunction with passive stretching does not significantly enhance hamstring flexibility.
The Irish of Manitowoc County : maintaining ethnic identity in a rural community

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Irish American historians have traditionally focused on the urban Irish and their path toward assimilation. The story of the rural Irish of Manitowoc County provides a new interpretation of Irish American history, differing from those centering on the persecuted city Irishman. While most Irish immigrants remained in the cities, a significant number still came to rural states like Wisconsin and took up agriculture as their principal occupation. The Irish in Manitowoc County were reflective of this rural group. The Irish immigrants that settled in Manitowoc County maintained strong ethnic ties through their close proximity, the continuation of ethnic and cultural narratives, and their involvement in churches. Although the rural Irish did experience some assimilation, they also persisted in asserting their ethnic identity. This interplay between assimilation and ethnic assertion provides historians with a new framework for studying Irish Americans: to study the degree to which the Irish both assimilated and asserted their ethnic identity.
Fleshy seeds form in the basal Angiosperm Magnolia grandiflora and several MADS‐box genes are expressed as fleshy seed tissues develop

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY One successful mechanism of seed dispersal in plants involves production of edible fleshy structures which attract frugivorous animals and transfer this task to them. Not only Angiosperms but also Gymnosperms may use the fleshy fruit habit for seed dispersal, and a similar suite of MADS‐box genes may be expressed as these structures form. Magnolia grandiflora produces dry follicles which, at maturity, open to reveal brightly colored fleshy seeds. This species thus also employs endozoochory for seed dispersal, although it produces dry fruits. Molecular analysis reveals that genes involved in softening and color changes are expressed at late stages of seed development, when the fleshy seed sarcotesta softens and accumulates carotenoids. Several MADS‐box genes have also been studied and results highlight the existence of a basic genetic toolkit which may be common to all fleshy fruit‐like structures, independently of their anatomic origin. According to their expression patterns, one of two AGAMOUS genes and the three SEPALLATA genes known so far in Magnolia are of particular interest. Duplication of AGAMOUS already occurs in both Nymphaeales and Magnoliids, although the lack of functional gene analysis prevents comparisons with known duplications in the AGAMOUS lineage of core Eudicots.
Multiple functional forms of the integrin VLA-2 can be derived from a single alpha 2 cDNA clone: interconversion of forms induced by an anti- beta 1 antibody

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The integrin VLA-2 was previously found to bind to either collagen alone, or collagen plus laminin, but the mechanism for this cell- specific functional difference was unknown. Here we transfected VLA-2 alpha 2 subunit cDNA into K562 cells and obtained VLA-2 (called Form-O) which bound to neither collagen nor laminin. We then used a Matrigel selection procedure to enrich for a minor subpopulation of K562 cells stably expressing a form of VLA-2 (Form-C) that bound to collagen but not laminin. In contrast, the same alpha 2 cDNA transfected into RD cells yielded VLA-2 (Form-CL) which bound to both collagen and laminin. These Form-O, -C, and -CL activities were stably expressed during extended cell culture, and could not be qualitatively altered by adding phorbol esters or by exchaning the resident divalent cations. However, addition of stimulatory anti-beta 1 antibodies (TS2/16, A-1A5) rapidly converted VLA-2 Form-O and Form-C into Form-CL. Anti-beta 1 antibody stimulation of VLA-2 activity was observed not only on whole cells, but also with solubilized receptors. These results suggest (a) that the ligand binding specificity of VLA-2 can be determined by its cellular environment, rather than by variations in the primary sequence of the alpha 2 subunit, (b) that stably inactive or partly active VLA-2 can be rapidly converted to a fully active form through conformational changes initiated at a nonligand binding site on the beta 1 subunit, and (c) that the mechanisms for VLA-2 stimulation by phorbol ester and by antibody are quite distinct, because the latter does not require an intact cell.
Modified Cathodic Disbondment Testing of External Polymeric Pipeline Coatings

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The research described in this paper was carried out with the objective of establishing any correlation between coating performance and the results of cathodic disbondment testing. Experiments were carried out using 13 coatings. Nine samples of each coating were studied in a total of 117 experiments. Fifty-eight (58) samples were placed in an environmental chamber at a constant temperature of 65°C, and 59 samples were placed in a different environmental chamber at a temperature that varied between 5 and 65°C. The initial temperature of this environmental chamber was 5°C and, after 30 days, the temperature was raised to 15°C. The temperature in the fluctuating chamber was increased by 10°C after every 30 days. Data were obtained from cathodic current, solution pH, and potential during the experiments and cathodic disbondment after the experiments. Based on the experiments carried out over a period of 14 months using 13 different pipeline coatings, in this investigation it was found that characteristic current spikes occurred whenever blisters are formed on the coatings.
Student Engagement in the Honors Biology Flipped Learning Environment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to investigate four constructs of engagement (affective, behavioral, cognitive, and social) within an Honors Biology flipped learning environment. Social constructivism, the Bioecological Model of Influences on Student Engagement, and Academic Communities of Engagement (ACE) served as the theoretical foundation for the study. A mixed methods convergent parallel design was used to answer the following research questions: What are student perceptions of engagement in a flipped learning environment based on the dimensions of engagement (e.g., affective, behavioral, cognitive, and social)? How do high school Honors biology students affectively, behaviorally, cognitively, and socially engage during the in-class component of a flipped learning environment? What types of engagement occur during the in-class component of a flipped learning environment? Data were collected via surveys, observations, and interviews. Survey data were analyzed to determine mean and standard deviation engagement values for each construct. Observation data and interview data were analyzed using thematic analysis and done in two cycles to first determine initial codes and then establish prominent codes as related to each engagement construct. The results revealed affective and social engagement triangulated across all three data sets, with social engagement being the most prevalent. Social engagement occurred most often during observations, and students referenced themselves and their peers as being the most engaged when working together during class. These findings helped address the current gap in K-12 studies regarding social engagement in a secondary classroom.
Iron(II) Mediated Desulfurization of Organosulfur Substrates Produces Nonheme Diiron(II)-hydrosulfides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A reaction system involving Fe(BF4)2·6H2O and two dinucleating ligands, HBPMP and HPhBIMP, mediates the desulfurization of aliphatic and aromatic thiols at room temperature. This rare C-S bond cleavage reaction produces two nonheme diiron(II) complexes, [Fe2(BPMP)(SH)2(MeOH)2]1+ (1a) and [Fe2(PhBIMP)(μ-SH)(DMF)]2+ (2a), possibly via an active species similar to [Fe2(PhBIMP)(H2O)2(DMF)2]3+ (2c), while the thiols are converted to the corresponding alcohols/phenols. In the case of thioacetic acid, a bidentate chelating organosulfur substrate, the use of HBPMP produces the corresponding bis-thiocarboxylato bridged complex, [Fe2(BPMP)(CH3COS)2]1+ (1b), instead of 1a. However, the use of HPhBIMP allows the Fe(II) mediated desulfurization of thioacetic acid as well to yield 2a, along with the formation of [Fe2(PhBIMP)(CH3COS)(MeCN)]2+ (2b). This convenient desulfurization reaction has been demonstrated for different substrates in different solvents along with the structural and spectroscopic characterizations of the diiron(II)-hydrosulfide complexes in comparison with two isostructural chloride complexes, [Fe2(BPMP)(Cl)2(MeOH)2]1+ (1c) and [Fe2(PhBIMP)(μ-Cl)(DMF)]2+ (2d). The role of the individual reactants in the desulfurization process has been thoroughly investigated using control reactions, and on the basis of these results and the identification of intermediate species, such as [Fe2(PhBIMP)(StBu)(DMF)3]2+ and [Fe2(PhBIMP)(StBu)(H2O)(DMF)2]2+, in solution by mass spectrometry, a possible mechanism has been proposed.
Laboratory Electrical Resistivity Studies on Cement Stabilized Soil

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Electrical resistivity measurement of freshly prepared uncured and cured soil-cement materials is done and the correlations between the factors controlling the performance of soil-cement and electrical resistivity are discussed in this paper. Conventional quality control of soil-cement quite often involves wastage of a lot of material, if it does not meet the strength criteria. In this study, it is observed that, in soil-cement, resistivity follows a similar trend as unconfined compressive strength, with increase in cement content and time of curing. Quantitative relations developed for predicting 7-day strength of soil-cement mix, using resistivity of the soil-cement samples at freshly prepared state, after 1-hour curing help to decide whether the soil-cement mix meets the desired strength and performance criteria. This offers the option of the soil-cement mix to be upgraded (possibly with additional cement) in its fresh state itself, if it does not fulfil the performance criteria, rather than wasting the material after hardening.
Management of uterine bleeding by PGs or their synthesis inhibitors.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Based on the assumption that excess prostaglandins (PGS) of E type (vasodilators and inhibitors of platelet aggregation) may be involved in excessive bleeding due to IUDs, PG synthetase inhibitors were administered to evaluate this hypothesis's validity. In addition, the role of PGs and its inhibitors on dysfunctional uterine bleeding was also studied. In the IUD-induced bleeding study patients were divided into 2 subgroups. Subgroup 1 included patients with menorrhagia caused by IUDs; 50 women were treated with oral indomethacin and 25 subjects were given placebo on the same schedule. In Subgroup 2, fewer cases were selected, double-blindly, and 3 different PG inhibitors were tested in a cross-over manner. Menstrual blood loss (MBL) was measured. 2 subgroups were also used in the dysfunctional uterine bleeding study, the first of which received intravenous infusions of PGF2 alpha or 15-methyl F2 alpha for 6 hours and the second of which was treated with oral indomethacin (25 mg tds) for 5 days. MBL was measured and compared to the subject's period before treatment. Results from the IUD bleeding studies showed that regardless of the method of evaluation or the drug used, administration of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) induced drastic reductions in MBL (subjective evaluation showed 92% success with indomethacin). Quantitative MBL measurement also verified the consistent and significant reduction in MBL under treatment. Oral NSAID in cases of dysfunctional bleeding was associated with marked decrease in MBL also. However, histologic changes were observed in endometrial vessels, notably thickening of subendothelial connective tissue and prominent endothelial cells. Intravenous infusions also reduced MBL but not as significantly as oral administration. And fibrin deposition was marked after intravenous treatment.
Prospects for Charged Higgs Discovery at Colliders

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report on recent developments in the public computer code HiggsBounds, which confronts arbitrary Higgs sector predictions with 95%C.L. exclusion limits from Higgs searches at the LEP, Tevatron and LHC experiments. We discuss in detail the performance of the Standard Model (SM) likeness test as implemented in the latest version HiggsBounds-3.8.0, whose outcome decides whether a search for a SM Higgs boson can be applied to a model beyond the SM. Fur-thermore, we give a preview of features in the upcoming version HiggsBounds-4.0.0 and the new program HiggsSignals, which performs a χ2 test of Higgs sector predictions against the signal rate and mass measurements from Higgs boson analyses at the Tevatron and LHC. This is illustrated with an example where the heavier CP-even Higgs boson of the Minimal Super-symmetric Standard Model (MSSM) is considered as an explanation of the LHC Higgs signal at &apos; 126 GeV.
Cervical Cancer Screening Among Women With and Without Hysterectomies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective: To compare the rate of Papanicolaou testing in a population-based sample of women with medical documentation of 1) total hysterectomy for benign conditions, 2) total hysterectomy for malignant conditions, and 3) hysterectomy with cervix intact to rates among women who had not had a hysterectomy. Methods: The Marshfield Epidemiologic Study Area was used to identify a retrospective cohort of women with hysterectomies age-matched to women without hysterectomies. This study compares the Papanicolaou test rate per year (outcome) by hysterectomy status (exposure) for women with total hysterectomy for benign reasons (n = 197), total hysterectomy for malignancy (n = 75), supracervical hysterectomy (n = 43), and no hysterectomy (n = 315). Results: Compared with women who did not have a hysterectomy (nonexposed), women with a hysterectomy (exposed) for benign reasons had significantly fewer Papanicolaou tests; on average, one less test every 3 years (mean difference = −0.34 tests/year, P Conclusion: This study demonstrates that Papanicolaou testing rates vary by type and reason for hysterectomy. Women with hysterectomies for benign reasons may be receiving from two to three times as many tests as needed. Notably, women with intact cervices following hysterectomy have similar testing rates (one every 2.5 years) as women without hysterectomies. This has direct implications for leaving a woman’s cervix intact given normal cytology at the time of hysterectomy.
ACCURATE CHARACTERIZATION OF HIGH-DEGREE MODES USING MDI OBSERVATIONS

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present the first accurate characterization of high-degree modes, derived using the best Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) full-disk full-resolution data set available. A 90 day long time series of full-disk 2 arcsec pixel−1 resolution Dopplergrams was acquired in 2001, thanks to the high rate telemetry provided by the Deep Space Network. These Dopplergrams were spatially decomposed using our best estimate of the image scale and the known components of MDI's image distortion. A multi-taper power spectrum estimator was used to generate power spectra for all degrees and all azimuthal orders, up to ℓ = 1000. We used a large number of tapers to reduce the realization noise, since at high degrees the individual modes blend into ridges and thus there is no reason to preserve a high spectral resolution. These power spectra were fitted for all degrees and all azimuthal orders, between ℓ = 100 and ℓ = 1000, and for all the orders with substantial amplitude. This fitting generated in excess of 5.2 × 106 individual estimates of ridge frequencies, line widths, amplitudes, and asymmetries (singlets), corresponding to some 5700 multiplets (ℓ, n). Fitting at high degrees generates ridge characteristics, characteristics that do not correspond to the underlying mode characteristics. We used a sophisticated forward modeling to recover the best possible estimate of the underlying mode characteristics (mode frequencies, as well as line widths, amplitudes, and asymmetries). We describe in detail this modeling and its validation. The modeling has been extensively reviewed and refined, by including an iterative process to improve its input parameters to better match the observations. Also, the contribution of the leakage matrix on the accuracy of the procedure has been carefully assessed. We present the derived set of corrected mode characteristics, which includes not only frequencies, but line widths, asymmetries, and amplitudes. We present and discuss their uncertainties and the precision of the ridge-to-mode correction schemes, through a detailed assessment of the sensitivity of the model to its input set. The precision of the ridge-to-mode correction is indicative of any possible residual systematic biases in the inferred mode characteristics. In our conclusions, we address how to further improve these estimates, and the implications for other data sets, like GONG+ and HMI.