jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Study of mechanotransduction in the endothelium of stored human corneas

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose Corneal endothelial cells (ECs) are continuously exposed to two physical stimuli: intraocular pressure (IOP) on their apical surface and contact with the Descemet membrane on their basal surface. We suppose that IOP could act on mechanoreceptors which could induce mechanotransduction in ECs: YAP (Yes Associated Protein) a transcriptional coactivator and Zo‐1 included in apical tight‐junctions. In numerous cell types, mechanical stimuli induce YAP nuclear translocation, which regulates genes expression involved in cell survival. Aim To study the localization of YAP in human ECs and its link with Zo‐1 homeostasis, using our corneal bioreactor (BR) capable of restoring a transcorneal pressure gradient equivalent to the IOP. Methods Human corneas were placed in the BR, during 14 days at 21 mmHg with circulation of a storage medium (CorneaMax, Eurobio, France). For control, paired corneas were stored in a flask without IOP in the same medium. Immunolabelling for YAP and Zo‐1 was done on paraformaldehyde of methanol fixed whole corneas by incubating primary and secondary antibodies on the endothelial side only. After flat mount, the entire endothelium was observed by epifluorescence microscope (IX81, Olympus, Japan). Results Several endothelial areas of corneas stored in the BR had regular hexagonal EC, well‐organized tight‐junctions, and a homogeneous nuclear localization of YAP. Corneas stored without IOP presented some areas without EC and other areas covered by EC with irregular shape, disorganized tight‐junctions and an heterogeneous localization of YAP, with some cells having focal expression in their nucleus and others cytoplasmic expression. Conclusions The bioreactor is a promising tool to study the role of mechanotransduction in human EC survival and function. IOP seems able alter expression of YAP and of Zo‐1. IOP‐induced nuclear translocation of YAP in various corneal areas seems linked with integrity of tight‐junctions.
[Changes in posture in whiplash evaluated by static posturography].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Analyzing vestibular-spinal reflex by recording changes in the pressure center over time, static posturography provides precise, repeatable information regarding a person's posture and subsequent postural strategy. Moreover, using the detected postural pattern, this can presage likely genesis of problems in equilibrium. The purpose of the present work was to evaluate posturographic findings in subjects with chronic or persistent whiplash (WL)-induced disequilibrium in order to determine any clear postural pattern able to indicate the likely genesis of the disorder. Fifty young subjects were selected for the study: 28 (6 females) affected with equilibrium problems resulting from WL-type cervical strain and 22 (5 females) normal, age compatible controls (C) (mean age of the groups: WL = 37 +/- 14.3; C = 32.4 +/- 6.7; p = n.s.). The results obtained were statistically processed with a personal computer and specific software (Windows-SPSS). In the analysis of the means (T-test and ANOVA analysis of variance) p < 0.05 was considered significant. In the WL group there was an increase in the antero-posterior axis oscillation frequency as compared to the control group. This is indicated by the FFTY parameter in tests performed both with eyes open and closed. Likewise, in both tests, there was a decrease in the LFS value, a parameter correlating length with surface. The surface was increased in the WL group as compared to group C although this increase was significant only when the test was performed with eyes closed. In addition, the average velocity and standard deviation of velocity increased in the WL group but this was only statistically significant when the eyes were open. The results obtained in the present study show that whiplash victims show an increase in antero-posterior oscillation frequency at the pressure center, as found in the open and closed-eye tests. This suggests that in WL subjects there is an evident disturbance of the fine postural system, leading to an increase in the surface parameters, tracing length and a decrease in LFS function. The onset of this partial postural decompensation can be seen in: a) decrease in fine static postural control which is reflected in an increase in body surface oscillation; b) an increase in energy consumption to maintain orthostatism as revealed in the decreased LFS. In conclusion, it appears reasonable to assume that cervical proprioceptive alterations play a preeminent role in the genesis of whiplash-induced chronic postural instability. This would result in an attempt to vary the physiology from an ankle to a hip strategy; incomplete manifestation of this new posture would cause the feeling of instability mentioned by the patients and documented by posturography.
Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Tannins and Saponins Contents in Moringa Oleifera Leaves

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Various studies have shown that Moringa oleifera leaves have benefits in preventing disease. It also has the potential to solve environmental problems as mosquito larvasides. This is presumably because Moringa leaves contain potentially beneficial compounds. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the content of bioactive compounds in Moringa oleifera leaf extract qualitatively and quantitatively. This study was an descriptive study. The study was conducted in Kupang East Nusa Tenggara at September 2019. Moringa leaf extraction was carried out using maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. The identification of compounds was qualitatively carried out using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) methods, while quantitative using spectrophotometric methods. Data was analyzed descriptively to describe the content of flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid, saponin. Study results showed that Moringa leaf extract had flavonoid, alkaloid, tannin and saponin components which were measured qualitatively. Quantitative measurement results showed that Moringa leaves have compounds Total alkaloid Equivalent Quinine 0,3% b/b, Total Flavonoid Equivalent Quercetin17,40 % b/b, Tannin Total Equivalent Tannic Acid 14,68 % b/b, Saponin 7,41% b/b. It is concluded that Moringa oleifera leaf extract has compounds that are beneficial for many things, both in disease prevention, larvasides and other benefits.
S1421 When Mild Pancreatitis Is Linked to Aggressive Renal Failure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: IgG4-related disease is an immune-mediated fibroinflammatory condition that can affect multiple organs, including the kidneys, pancreas, thyroid gland, lungs, biliary tract, liver, retroperitoneum, and lymph nodes. Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) type 1 is a frequent manifestation of IgG4-related disease. AIP often presents as a pancreatic mass and/or as painless obstructive jaundice, which can be mistaken for pancreatic cancer. It is important to always be aware that patients with type 1 AIP may have another concomitant IgG4-related manifestation. CASE DESCRIPTION/METHODS: Case of a 69 year-old male patient with past medical history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and prostate cancer who developed rapidly progressive acute renal failure during a three-month period. An abdominal CT done as part of his diagnostic work-up for his renal disease revealed an enlarged peripancreatic lymph node (1 cm × 0.8 cm) near the pancreatic head worrisome for a pancreatic malignancy. A follow up abdominal MRI showed multiple renal cortical areas of hypointensity and an ill-defined hypointense mass in the pancreatic head and body with diffuse parenchymal changes suggestive of a “sausage-shaped” pancreas. Diagnostic work up for his pancreatic disease was remarkable for a high serum IgG4 (844 mg/dL), normal levels of CA 19-9 (1.4 U/mL) and worsening renal function (GFR 9 mL/min). Based on Mayo clinic’s “HISORt” criteria, findings were suggestive of autoimmune pancreatitis. Renal biopsy of the renal cortical areas of hypointensity was preferred over endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) due to rapidly worsening renal function. The renal biopsy revealed diffuse interstitial fibrosis associated with a heavy inflammatory cell infiltrate of lymphoplasmacytic cells. Immunohistochemistry revealed IgG4 stains >60/hpf and IgG4:IgG ratio of approximately 100%. In view of IgG4-related diseases, autoimmune pancreatitis and tubulointerstitial nephritis, the patient was started on prednisone 40 mg PO daily for 6 weeks. DISCUSSION: The “HISORt” criteria consist of: histology, imaging findings of a narrowed main pancreatic duct and parenchymal swelling, elevated serum IgG4 levels, other organ involvement and/or response to glucocorticoids. We believe that it is important to always be conscious of the clinical significance that a measurement of serum IgG4 may have in impacting a patient’s treatment plan since it may help differentiate between AIP and pancreatic neoplasm, reducing the incidence of unnecessary surgery and therapy.Figure 1.: Renal Cortical Areas of Hypointensity.Figure 2.: Renal Cortical Areas of Hypointensity.Figure 3.: “Sausage-shaped” Pancreas.
Evaluating outcomes by means of the fair process effect: Evidence for different processes in fairness and satisfaction judgments.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The authors refine and extend their explanation of the psychology of the fair process effect (the positive influence of procedural fairness on outcome evaluations). On the basis of fairness heuristic theory's substitutability proposition, the authors predicted and found that outcome evaluations show strong effects of procedural fairness when outcomes are better or worse than expected, whereas less strong fair process effects appear when outcomes are equal to or differ from the outcome of a comparison other. This finding suggests some important differences in how people use expectations versus social comparisons as reference points for evaluating outcomes. Findings also revealed that fairness judgments do not always show the same effects as do satisfaction judgments, indicating differences in the way people form judgments on these two dimensions of outcome evaluation.
Coronary risk factor intervention: Characteristics associated with change

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Predicting change in coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors (cigarette smoking, hypertension, and cholesterol) was undertaken in participants randomized to the treatment group of the Harvard Center of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. The predictor variables of interest were psychosocial characteristics, responses to the initial group sessions intervention strategy, and change in weight. The Harvard sample consists of 652 men identified at high risk of death from CHD. Fifty percent were randomized into an intervention group, and 50% were referred to their usual source of medical care. For the analyses, men were stratified by their baseline smoking status and whether they were taking medication for hypertension. The analyses revealed that there was no single model that explained changes in all three risk factors. For example, cigarette smokers were significantly more likely to stop smoking if they attended the group sessions (p less than or equal to .001). An internal locus of control predicted a lower blood pressure by the end of the first year independent of medication (p less than or equal to .05). If a participant entered the trial with serum cholesterol as the only risk factor of concern, attending the group sessions was associated with a significant decrease by the end of the first year (p less than or equal to .05).
[Clinico-morphologic basis for choosing the surgical method in the treatment of exstrophy of the bladder].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A method for creation of an artificial bladder from the rectum, which was used in 22 children with exstrophy of the bladder with good anatomic and functional results is suggested. In clinical and histologic studies, the inferiority of the exstrophied bladder tissues and unexpediency of their use for plasty have been proved. A long-term result of treatment in 31 of the 35 patients operated on with the use of different methods was studied by the data of complex evaluation of the functions of an artificial bladder, upper urinary tracts and rectal sphincter apparatus.
Ergonomic Applications Reduce Fatigue, Musculoskeletal Complaints, Heat Radiation, and Increase Productivity of Pig Rollers

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

One of the typical Balinese culinary tours is Pig Rollers. The process of making pig guling still on human power in the rolling process by doing a continuous circular motion. This study aims to determine the decrease in fatigue, musculoskeletal complaints, heat radiation, and increase in productivity before and after treatment of pig roller workers due to the application of ergonomics applications in the form of repairing work stations. The method used in this study is an experimental (true experimental) with the same subject design (treatment by subject design) and a randomized pre and post-test group design pattern of variables in the form of worker fatigue which is recorded with a 30 Items of Rating Scale of General Fatigue questionnaire; musculoskeletal complaints of workers who were recorded with the Nordic Body Map questionnaire; heat radiation measured with 4ch K Thermometer SD Logger; and the productivity of pig rolling workers is assessed based on the output (weight of the product produced) divided by the input (work pulse) multiplied by time (time). Measurements were carried out before and after working in Period I and Period II on 12 samples for 1 month. The data obtained will be analyzed by paired t-tests at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) in workload, fatigue, musculoskeletal complaints, heat radiation, and work productivity in Period I and Period II. Ergonomics application in the form of work station improvement reduces workload by 10.22%, fatigue by 13.46%, musculoskeletal complaints by 33.61%, heat radiation by 11.81%, and increases productivity by 78.50%. It can be concluded that the application of ergonomics in the form of repairing work stations can reduce workload, fatigue, musculoskeletal complaints, and radiation, and increase the productivity of pig rolling workers in Peliatan Village, Ubud, Gianyar, Bali.
IDENTIFICATION OF CONTRACTORS’ NEEDS IN THE SELECTION OF CONSTRUCTION SUBCONTRACTORS IN NIGERIA

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The delivery capability of construction firms is determined to a large extent by the quality of their subcontractors. A survey was therefore undertaken among main contractors to identify and prioritize their needs in the selection of construction subcontractors in Nigeria. Findings were presented from 78 main contractor organizations out of 120 construction firms surveyed in the six geo-political regions of the country. Utilizing the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) approach, pair-wise comparison matrix and other descriptive statistical techniques, the results indicated that the three most important needs are: subcontractors’ past experience in terms of type and size of projects completed; nature of contract to be executed; and prior relationships with the contractor organizations. The study concluded that for an enhanced performance of construction subcontractors on sites, priority attention should be accorded to some of the identified influencing needs by main contractors in this perspective.
Mentha spicata Essential Oil: Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities against Planktonic and Biofilm Cultures of Vibrio spp. Strains

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Chemical composition, antioxidant and anti-Vibrio spp. activities of the essential oil isolated from the aerial parts of Mentha spicata L. (spearmint) are investigated in the present study. The effect of the essential oil on Vibrio spp. biofilm inhibition and eradication was tested using the XTT assay. A total of 63 chemical constituents were identified in spearmint oil using GC/MS, constituting 99.9% of the total identified compounds. The main components were carvone (40.8% ± 1.23%) and limonene (20.8% ± 1.12%). The antimicrobial activity against 30 Vibrio spp. strains (16 species) was evaluated by disc diffusion and microdilution assays. All microorganisms were strongly affected, indicating an appreciable antimicrobial potential of the oil. Moreover, the investigated oil exhibited high antioxidant potency, as assessed by four different tests in comparison with BHT. The ability of the oil, belonging to the carvone chemotype, to inhibit or reduce Vibrio spp. biofilm warrants further investigation to explore the use of natural products in antibiofilm adhesion and reinforce the possibility of its use in the pharmaceutical or food industry as a natural antibiotic and seafood preservative against Vibrio contamination.
Evaluating a Video-Based, Personalized Webpage in Genitourinary Oncology Clinical Trials: A Phase 2 Randomized Trial (Preprint)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND

The pace of drug discovery and approvals has led to expanding treatments for cancer patients. Although extensive research exists regarding barriers to enrollment in oncology clinical trials, there are limited studies evaluating processes to optimize patient education, oral anticancer therapy administration, and adherence for patients enrolled in clinical trials. In this study, we assess the feasibility of a video-based, personalized webpage for patients enrolled in genitourinary oncology clinical trials involving 1 or more oral anticancer therapy.

OBJECTIVE

The primary objective of this trial was to assess the differences in the number of patient-initiated violations in the intervention arm compared with a control arm over 4 treatment cycles. Secondary objectives included patient satisfaction, frequently asked questions by patients on the intervention arm, patient-initiated calls to study team members, and patient-reported stress levels.

METHODS

Eligible patients enrolling on a therapeutic clinical trial for a genitourinary malignancy were randomized 2:1 to the intervention arm or control arm. Patients randomized to the intervention arm received access to a video-based, personalized webpage, which included videos of patients’ own clinic encounters with their providers, instructional videos on medication administration and side effects, and electronic versions of educational documents.

RESULTS

A total of 99 patients were enrolled (89 were evaluable; 66 completed 4 cycles). In total, 71% (40/56) of patients in the intervention arm had 1 or more patient-initiated violation compared with 70% (23/33) in the control arm. There was no difference in the total number of violations across 4 cycles between the 2 arms (estimate=−0.0939, 95% CI−0.6295 to 0.4418, P value=.73). Median baseline satisfaction scores for the intervention and control arms were 72 and 73, respectively, indicating high levels of patient satisfaction in both arms. Median baseline patient-reported stress levels were 10 and 13 for the intervention and control arms, respectively, indicating low stress levels in both arms at baseline.

CONCLUSIONS

This study is among the first to evaluate a video-based, personalized webpage that provides patients with educational videos and video recordings of clinical trial appointments. Despite not meeting the primary endpoint of reduced patient-initiated violations, this study demonstrates the feasibility of a video-based, personalized webpage in clinical trials. Future research assessing this tool might be better suited for realms outside of clinical trials and might consider the use of an endpoint that assesses patient-reported outcomes directly. A major limitation of this study was the lack of prior data for estimating the null hypothesis in this population.
Smart algorithms for Colposcopic Automated Risk Assessment (CARE)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Despite development of technologies that have rendered cervical cancer largely preventable in high- income countries, women living in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) continue to bear the brunt of cervical cancer incidence and mortality. One strategy–highly sensitive human papillomavirus (HPV) testing–has been shown to reduce the incidence and mortality from cervical cancer when coupled directly with outpatient treatment for women with HPV-positive results. The effectiveness of an HPV screen & treat strategy comes at the cost of overtreatment. To address this challenge, our group has developed a low-cost, mobile colposcope, called the Pocket Colposcope, which has shown high concordance with standard colposcopy. Further, we have developed a Colposcopy Automated Risk Evaluation (Pocket CARE) algorithm using convolutional neural networks to diagnose cervical pre-cancer among women who are screen positive, facilitating triage of patients without complex equipment or experts.
Activity of neuron-specific enolase in patients with acute ishemic stroke on the background of correction of infusion solutions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The article analyzes the impact of a single course of treatment with various infusion solutions on the intensity of the flow of destructive changes in the neurons of the brain to the dynamics of the activity of the neuron-specific enolase, which is an early marker of damage of the nervous tissue. The level of neuron-specific enolase in serum of patients with acute stroke is correlated with the volume of cerebral infarction. To a thorough determine the presence of the protective effect in the infusion solutions on the brain was interest to investigate the effect of a single course of treatment with various solutions on the intensity of the flow of destructive changes in the neurons of the brain with the dynamics of neuron-specific enolase in acute disorder of cerebral circulation. Analyzed isoosmolar 0.9% NaCl solution and colloidal isoosmolar hydroxyethylstarch 130/04 solution administered intravenous drip in a conventionally effective dose of 2.5 ml / kg p 2 / day (5 ml / kg per day) (determined experimentally) immediately upon confirmation of the diagnosis and further a daily basis and every 12 h for 7 days. Control group were patients treated with infusion solutions only 0.9% NaCl, control group – 0.9% NaCl + hydroxyethylstarch 130/04. Using of the isoosmolar 0.9% NaCl solution for 7 days in addition to standard therapy promotes a statistically significant increase in the activity of the neuron-specific enolase on the seventh day of stroke, which is associated with increasing of necrotic tissue in the ischemic area of the brain in patients with acute disorder of cerebral circulation in ischemic type. Infusion therapy in patients with acute disorder of cerebral circulation in ischemic type with isoosmolar 0,9% NaCl + colloid isoosmolar solution of hydroxyethyl starch 130/04, against a background of standard therapy, been accompanied by a significant decrease in the neuron-specific enolase compared with the control group which indicates the presence in hydroxyethyl starch 130/04 corrective influence on the dynamics of the processes of neuronal death in acute ischemic stroke. A possible mechanism of protective effect of hydroxyethyl starch 130/04 implemented by improving perfusion of the penumbra, the disclosure of collaterals, properties of endothelial protection in acute disorder of cerebral circulation.