jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Direct Health Education on the Uptake of Screening by First Degree Relatives of Glaucoma Patients in Nigeria

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Précis: First degree relatives (FDRs) of glaucoma patients are more likely to present for screening when they are directly contacted and educated by health workers on the phone compared with when they are only invited by their relative with glaucoma. Objective: The aim was to determine the effect of direct health education by phone calls on the uptake of glaucoma screening among FDRs of primary open angle glaucoma patients as a glaucoma blindness control strategy in an asymptomatic high-risk African population. Methods: This was a randomized clinical trial in which 102 primary open angle glaucoma patients (probands) were randomized into control and intervention groups. Both proband groups were educated about glaucoma and requested by the investigator to invite their adult FDR to attend a screening clinic within 1 month. In addition, the FDRs in the intervention group were directly contacted, educated, and invited for examination by phone calls. A total of 560 FDRs were enumerated by the probands. The main outcome measure was proportion of FDR that presented for screening. Results: A total of 218 (38.9%) FDRs took up glaucoma screening services. Eighty-nine (30.1%) of the 296 FDRs in the control group and 129 (48.9%) of the 264 FDRs in the intervention group presented for examination. After multivariate analysis, FDRs in the phone call group were 2.506 times [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.695-3.706] more likely to present than FDRs in the no phone call group. Young FDRs were more likely to present [odds ratio (OR)=3.593; 95% CI: 1.613-8.007] than the elderly FDRs, while FDRs living within 200 km of the hospital were also more likely to present (OR=5.200; 95% CI: 2.860-9.456) than those living far (>200 km) away. Probands with moderate to severe visual impairment were significantly more likely (OR=3.073; 95% CI: 1.845-4.352) to have their FDRs present than probands with mild or no visual impairment. Conclusion: Direct contact and health education of FDRs through phone calls had a significant positive effect on the uptake of glaucoma screening by FDRs. We recommend direct contact and education of the FDRs of glaucoma patients.
The Date and Authenticity of the Ignatian Letters: An Outline of Recent Discussions

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article examines recent studies of the date and authenticity of the letters of Ignatius of Antioch. Although the debate has a long history, this article focuses on the most recent period of this debate—from roughly 1997 through 2018. While not wanting to diminish the differences between contributors to this debate, three general views can be adduced. This article begins by highlighting the major players and formative contributors to each view. Of particular note in this most recent phase of debate is the separation of the date of the letters from the question of their authenticity. The article next turns to consider the primary pieces of evidence that are utilized when considering Ignatius’s date: the historical value of the Eusebian evidence, the possibility of interpolations within Polycarp’s Philippians, and Ignatius’s interactions with Second Sophistic rhetoric. The conclusion inquires about whether there is other evidence that might be utilized to aid scholars in dating and evaluating the Ignatian letters more securely.
Diagnostic Value of Circulating Progranulin and Its Receptor EphA2 in Predicting the Atheroma Burden in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background. Progranulin (PGRN) and its potential receptor Eph-receptor tyrosine kinase-type A2 (EphA2) are inflammation-related molecules that present on the atherosclerotic plaques. However, the roles of circulating PGRN and EphA2 in coronary artery disease (CAD) remain unclear. Objective. To study the clinical significance of circulating PGRN and EphA2 levels in Chinese patients undergoing coronary angiography. Methods. Levels of circulating EphA2 fragments and PGRN were examined in 201 consecutive individuals who underwent coronary angiography for suspected CAD in our center from Jan 2020 to Oct 2020. Demographic characteristics, results of biochemical and auxiliary examinations, and other relevant information were collected. The coronary atheroma burden was quantified by the Gensini score and the existence of chronic total occlusion (CTO). Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the risk factors for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). In patients with ACS and SAP, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated to detect the accuracy and discriminative ability of levels of EphA2 and PGRN, the Gensini score, and cardiac injury biomarkers as surrogate endpoints for CTO. Results. Circulating EphA2 levels were significantly higher in patients with ACS than in subjects with stable angina pectoris (SAP) or control subjects ( p < 0.001 ). A positive linear correlation was verified between EphA2 levels and the Gensini score ( r = 0.306 , p < 0.001 ), and negative correlation was detected with the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ( r = − 0.405 , p < 0.001 ). Both PGRN and EphA2 were positively associated with cardiac injury biomarkers (i.e., NT-proBNP, cTnT, and hs-CRP) ( p < 0.05 ). The area under the ROC curve of PGRN and EphA2 was 0.604 and 0.686, respectively ( p < 0.01 ). Conclusions. Higher circulating EphA2 and PGRN levels were detected in patients with ACS than in patients with SAP. Circulating EphA2 and PGRN levels might be diagnostic factors for predicting the atheroma burden in patients with CAD.
Differences in Root Endophytic Bacterial Communities of Chinese Cork Oak (Quercus variabilis) Seedlings in Different Growth Years

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In forests, seedling renewal is influenced by many environmental factors, including climate change, seed size, wildfires, and ecological factors. It is unclear how different growth years of seedlings affect Chinese cork oak (Quercus variabilis) root endophyte communities. In this study, we took a holistic approach, using Illumina sequencing, to study the composition and function of bacterial communities associated with root microorganisms in four Q. variabilis seedlings after 1, 2, and 3 years of growth. The bacterial alpha diversity indexes were highest in the second year and lowest in the third year, and age was the decisive factor for the differences found in the root endophytic bacterial communities. Total phosphorus had the greatest effect on bacterial communities. The abundance of beneficial bacteria Streptomyces (8.69%) and Novosphingobium (4.22%) was highest in the second-year samples, and their abundance decreased by 7.96% and 3.61% in the third year, respectively. Higher levels of plant disease inhibition and metabolism (23.80%) were in the roots of second-year Q. variabilis seedlings. The metabolic abundance of carbohydrate was 3.66% lower in the first year and 3.95% lower in the third year compared to the second year. Our results suggest that the structure and function of bacterial communities changed with increasing growth years.
Metabolomic characterization of strawberry cultivars during postharvest

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The cultivated strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) is the berry most consumed worldwide and is well-known for its delicate flavour and nutritional characteristics. However, strawberries possess a very short postharvest shelf-life due to their high respiration rate and their susceptibility to water loss, mechanical damage and fungi deterioration. Extension of fruit shelf-life is a major economic goal, and measures are commercially taken to delay senescence. These procedures include low temperature, controlled atmosphere and/or chemical treatments, being the first one the most commonly applied. To improve our understanding of the molecular and biochemical mechanisms underlying the deterioration of fruit quality attributes during senescence, we monitored the metabolomic profiles of five commercial strawberry cultivars under different postharvest treatments. Ripe fruits of F x ananassa cv. ‘Amiga’, ‘Camarosa’, ‘Candonga’, ‘Fortuna’ and ‘Santa Clara’ were harvested and kept at 4ºC during three, six and ten days in normal, CO2-enriched and O3-enriched atmospheres. We used a combination of GC-TOF-MS, LC-MS and GC-SPME-MS to identify and semi-quantify 49 primary metabolites (sugars, amino and organic acids), 132 polar secondary metabolites and 70 volatile compounds in all different treatments along postharvest stages. Multivariate statistical approaches, including hierarchical cluster analysis, partial least squares discriminant analyses and k-means clustering, were used to characterize the variation in metabolite content during the strawberry fruit postharvest life and to identify the biochemical pathways which are most affected in the senescence processes. Here, we present the main changes in volatile compounds, primary and secondary metabolites as a consequence of postharvest storage, highlighting the differences between cultivars and treatments. Network-based methods will allow us to point out the regulatory factors and molecular mechanisms underlying fruit senescence.
Mathematical modeling of hydrogen evolution at a rotating disk electrode

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The model is based on the concept of semi-infinite boundary conditions with nonlinear convection-diffusion equations. Using the newest analytical approach the convection-diffusion equations problem has been solved. Approximate analytical representation for both the levels of hydrogen and hydroxide ion of the reactants is acquired. Numerical solutions are best achieved using the Matlab software, and the acceptable consensus is compared with the analytical solution.
Assessment of Perceptions and Preventive Health Behaviours of Bushmeat Handlers Regarding Mpox Infection in Wildlife Markets of Northern Nigeria: A One Health Perspective

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Mpox is a transboundary zoonotic disease of humans and animals. About 88,600 confirmed mpox cases and 152 deaths were reported globally. We assessed bushmeat handlers’ zoonotic risk perceptions, preventive measures, and drivers of mpox resurgence in Nigeria. We conducted a cross-sectional study on purposively selected 438 bushmeat handlers in Nigerian bushmeat (wildlife) markets, from 2022–2023. Descriptive and analytical statistical analyses were conducted at 95% confidence level. Out of the 450 bushmeat handlers enlisted in this study, 438 (97.3%) participated. Majority (52.7%) were consumers, 20.3% hunters, and 26.9% vendors. Respondents significantly perceived handling bushmeat bodies to be of high zoonotic risk. Preventive health practices were significantly associated (P<0.05) with mpox outbreak. Furthermore, socio-cultural and economic drivers of contact with wildlife during hunting, contact with wildlife at markets, unsanitary market environment and exchange of animals between markets were significantly (P<0.05) associated with mpox infections. In this study, the drivers of mpox resurgence with propensity for global spread were identified. We advocate a “One Health” control strategy targeting wild lives, environment and humans especially, handlers of wild lives and bushmeat to combat the disease.
Fertilizer nitrogen requirement of finger millet

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

3 Eleusine coracana cv. grown with 0-90 kg N/ha under rainfed conditions during 2 yr showed significant grain yield response up to 60 kg N/ha. The opt. economic N rate was 75 kg/ha. Cv. PES-8 and BR-407 outyielded cv. PES-176 in grain yields; stover yields of all the cv. were similar
From cooperation to coercion: the relationships between competent authorities under Articles 31, 34 and 37 ECSPR (Arts 31, 34, 37)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Supervision remains a national competence under the ECSP Regulation, but national supervision is superposed to the cross-border provision of crowdfunding services with the application of the home state supervision principle. The provisions examined in this chapter deal with the consequences of these choices. Supervisory cooperation is particularly essential to effective cross-border supervision and such requirements are classically provided in EU financial regulation. This chapter examines the rules that set and operationalize the obligations of cross-border supervisory cooperation to which NCAs are subjected. Where infringements have been identified, specific rules apply. After having alerted their home state counterparts, NCAs can thus take precautionary measures where infringements persist. As guardian of supervisory cooperation, ESMA is entrusted with certain prerogatives, notably to mediate and settle disagreements between NCAs. This chapter also discusses the Member States' notification duties where they implement provisions of Chapter VI of this Regulation in national law.
[Early complications after acute cerebrovascular insufficiency].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the present paper the courses of the disease of 117 patients who due to an acute cerebrovascular insufficiency were admitted to the angiological department of a Dresden county hospital in the period from January 1989 to June 1990. Early complications which were frequently observed were urinary tract infections, pneumonias and recidivations of insult. On the basis of the results of examination can be confirmed that the prognosis is decisively determined by the ability of mobilisation during the first days.
Die Wende in der Wahrnehmung der Ostdeutschen. Eine Mentalitätsgeschichte.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The following paper examines the question of how eastern German people perceived the “turnaround“ in the 1980s and 90s. Therefore, six people who came from various social backgrounds were interviewed. In addition, the interviews were analyzed and compared to historical data in order to find out how and why people experienced the “turnaroun
Stabilization of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The conservation of virgin olive oil quality during its shelf life could be considered a key issue for olive oil industry. To improve the product stability, virgin olive oils should not be stored with considerable amounts of suspended solids and water. The latter have to be removed from oil musts. The chapter reviews the main spread technologies and those recently proposed for the removal of suspended solids and the water from extra-virgin olive oils. These technologies are described from an engineering perspective, and their effects on product quality during storage are discussed.
Polymer-clay nanocomposites: current status and challenges

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The key to the performance of polymer nanocomposites is the quality of dispersion of the nano-reinforcement particles and the interfacial interaction between the matrix and the reinforcement phase. Optimisation of these properties requires various special and complicated treatments, which are not always easy to determine. Often property enhancement is not as significant as expected by the industry for the use of these nanocomposites. The present paper aims to provide an overview of the current status of these materials in terms of their development and production. Examples have been provided for the production of thermoplastic, thermoset and biodegradable polymer nanocomposites by different means, such as melt blending and in-situ polymerisation. It also focusses on properties enhancement reported by different researchers and future challenges for these emerging materials in engineering applications.
Imaging reveals distinct textures at three infant skin sites and reflects skin barrier status

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Infant diaper dermatitis (DD) is a prevalent condition due to multiple, interactive factors including increased skin hydration, irritant exposure, and increased skin pH. We examined diaper dermatitis vs within diaper and non‐diaper controls over time and characterized the association of skin color and texture relative to skin barrier integrity, hydration, and pH. Materials and Methods The prospective study included 46 infants with DD at well‐child visits. Skin integrity was evaluated over 15 days, including visual skin condition, rate of stratum corneum transepidermal water accumulation, hydration, pH, and skin color and texture from high‐resolution digital skin surface images. Effects by site and time were evaluated with general linear models. Results Six distinct texture patterns were observed. All three sites differed significantly for texture class frequency. Normal dermatoglyphics were more frequent for non‐diaper vs both within diaper and rash sites. Dermatoglyphics with marked furrows or lines (class 3) were common within diaper vs rash but not for non‐diaper vs within diaper. Streaks were highest for DD and lowest for non‐diaper. Flat regions were more frequent DD. Barrier integrity, that is, moisture accumulation rate, was lower for normal dermatoglyphics than streaks or flat texture. DD severity decreased over 15 days. Barrier properties of within diaper and non‐diaper areas were not well‐differentiated. Conclusion The incidence of streak texture in the within diaper high magnification images was high despite being visually normal. This finding suggests that it is an “early indicator” of skin damage and may be clinically useful for early detection and treatment.
Kauṭilya and the Arthaśāstra: A Statistical Investigation of the Authorship and Evolution of the Text. By Thomas R. Trautmann. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1971. xviii, 227 pp. Appendix, Bibliography, Index. 42 Du. guilders.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Kauṭilya and the Arthaśāstra: A Statistical Investigation of the Authorship and Evolution of the Text. By Thomas R. Trautmann. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1971. xviii, 227 pp. Appendix, Bibliography, Index. 42 Du. guilders. - Volume 31 Issue 4
Random Forest Analysis of Untargeted Metabolomics Data Suggests Increased Use of Omega Fatty Acid Oxidation Pathway in Drosophila Melanogaster Larvae Fed a Medium Chain Fatty Acid Rich High-Fat Diet

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Obesity is a complex disease, shaped by both genetic and environmental factors such as diet. In this study, we use untargeted metabolomics and Drosophila melanogaster to model how diet and genotype shape the metabolome of obese phenotypes. We used 16 distinct outbred genotypes of Drosophila larvae raised on normal (ND) and high-fat (HFD) diets, to produce three distinct phenotypic classes; genotypes that stored more triglycerides on a ND relative to the HFD, genotypes that stored more triglycerides on a HFD relative to ND, and genotypes that showed no change in triglyceride storage on either of the two diets. Using untargeted metabolomics we characterized 350 metabolites: 270 with definitive chemical IDs and 80 that were chemically unidentified. Using random forests, we determined metabolites that were important in discriminating between the HFD and ND larvae as well as between the triglyceride phenotypic classes. We found that flies fed on a HFD showed evidence of an increased use of omega fatty acid oxidation pathway, an alternative to the more commonly used beta fatty acid oxidation pathway. Additionally, we observed no correlation between the triglyceride storage phenotype and free fatty acid levels (laurate, caprate, caprylate, caproate), indicating that the distinct metabolic profile of fatty acids in high-fat diet fed Drosophila larvae does not propagate into triglyceride storage differences. However, dipeptides did show moderate differences between the phenotypic classes. We fit Gaussian graphical models (GGMs) of the metabolic profiles for HFD and ND flies to characterize changes in metabolic network structure between the two diets, finding the HFD to have a greater number of edges indicating that metabolome varies more across samples on a HFD. Taken together, these results show that, in the context of obesity, metabolomic profiles under distinct dietary conditions may not be reliable predictors of phenotypic outcomes in a genetically diverse population.
Low-viscosity and fast-curing polymer system for UV-based nanoimprint lithography and its processing

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

One of the key elements for the successful integration of nanoimprint lithography into industrial production processes is the availability of high-performance resist materials. In this contribution we present a novel low-viscosity and fast curing UV-NIL polymer, which is applied by spin-coating and designed for wafer-scale imprinting. Systematic investigations of photocurable components and photoinitiators led to the formulation of the polymer system mr-UVCur06. Film thicknesses in the range of 50 - 500 nm with excellent quality and uniformity could be obtained by spin-coating. Its suitability for UV-NIL processes was evaluated by means of imprinting tests and plasma etching investigations. This included investigations on imprinting with hard moulds, UV curing doses, resolution, etch rates using various plasma gases and pattern transfer. The beneficial flow behaviour of mr-UVCur06 led to short UV-NIL cycle times. Patterns of several orders of magnitude with feature sizes in the range of 30 nm to several tens of micrometers could be imprinted simultaneously. An example of a pattern transfer into Si was shown, where mr-UVCur06 was used as an polymer etch mask.
Prenatal diagnosis and surgical treatment options

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In prenatal diagnostics and its medical, deontological and human implications, the intervention of the paediatric surgeon, that is, the one who has always been involved in the study and treatment of congenital malformative pathology, represents, in many ways, the moment of hope, the moment, in other words, in which it is expected that the diagnostic effort, often onerous on the medical and human level, will result in a concrete therapeutic perspective.
Purposes, Activities, and Documentation of Early Field Experience in Agricultural Teacher Education: A National Delphi Study

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this Delphi study was to identify the purpose, expected outcomes, and methods of documenting preservice teacher early field experience (EFE) activities in agricultural teacher education programs. A Delphi technique was used to electronically collect data via email and SurveyMonkey®. An expert panel was established and after three rounds of questioning, the panel identified 16 purpose statements, 14 activities and 9 methods of documenting EFE. The findings of this study, as established by a panel of experts who reached consensus, indicated that EFE should be documented via a combination of journaling and portfolio development. The verification of these documents should be completed by the cooperating teacher and through university assessments. Documentation of an EFE experience can be accomplished through journaling, cooperating teacher signature, reflective paper or a review of collective documents. The results of this study can be used to modify and improve EFE by clarifying the purpose, activities and ways of documented activities in agricultural teacher education programs. This study will aid the profession in providing a more congruent EFE experience for preservice teachers.