jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Neighbourhood watch: The evolving terrorist threat in Southeast Asia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The regional terrorist threat remains high on the list of Australia’s national security priorities. But the absence of a major bombing campaign in recent years has prompted some commentators to argue that we have seen the end of jihadist violence in Southeast Asia. Nearly six years after the first Bali bombings, it is time to take stock of the regional security environment and to ask how the Southeast Asian terrorist threat might evolve in the future. Neighbourhood Watch analyses the changing nature of religious militancy across Southeast Asia and sets out a framework for understanding the forces and trends that are driving jihadist extremism in the region. It provides a comprehensive examination of the organisational and operational capabilities of the major terrorist groups including Jemaah Islamiyah (JI), the Moro Islamic Liberation Front and the Abu Sayyaf Group in Mindanao and the various groups associated with Malay Muslim separatist violence in southern Thailand. In each case, the nature and extent of pan-regional networks and connections are examined. Although these groups draw their rhetoric and ideology from the global jihadist movement, this ASPI paper shows that local ethnic and family ties remain a strong influence on group dynamics and linkages. As a result, the JI leadership in Indonesia has failed in its stated efforts to engineer a single zone of regional conflict. And the idea that sustained terrorist violence will achieve the political goal of a pan-Islamic caliphate across the region survives only in the most distorted and unrealistic assessments of the jihadi faithful. The structure and organisation of these groups may have changed, but the underlying threat of terrorism remains. In particular, the policy responses of national governments will have an important bearing on the future direction of ethno-religious conflicts in the region. Complacency will remain one of the biggest challenges we face in pursuing effective counter-terrorism policies in the region. Neighbourhood Watch makes a number of recommendations on the appropriate next steps in Australia’s regional counter-terrorism strategy including formalising the high-level political dialogue between ministers; paying closer attention to the enabling environment for terrorism in neighbouring countries such as Malaysia and Cambodia; leading a regional diplomatic campaign to encourage universal adoption of international counter-terrorism conventions; assisting Indonesia with further legal reforms; and providing more aid to the Indonesian education system to end the indoctrination and radicalisation in schools that are associated with terrorism.
The Effectiveness of Training for Displaced Workers with Long Prior Job Tenure

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Workers displaced from long-tenure jobs often have difficulty finding new employment and can take a substantial drop in earnings when they find reemployment. These losses are large and persistent, and can easily dwarf the transitory losses from the initial period of nonemployment. Policy response for these long-term problems has centred on education, training and skill development. This paper surveys and assesses a variety of strategies that have been employed to determine training effectiveness, using results from field experiments and from econometric work based on non-experimental data. Findings from this large research enterprise are not encouraging. Both experimental and non-experimental research shows that the returns to training for displaced workers are low, almost surely less than the (well-estimated) returns to formal schooling which lie in the 6-9% range. On a cost-benefit basis, the body of evidence does not show that training pays off for most of the displaced population. Alternative means to compensate the losers from economic adjustment might include modified or expanded EI coverage, without any necessary link to training expenditures, and perhaps consideration of alternative policies, such as Wage Insurance. Since evidence on training programs for displaced workers gives only limited promise, it is important to search for other creative ways to ensure that the costs of economic restructuring do not fall disproportionately on a narrow group.
Efficacy of adalimumab in patients with Crohn's disease and symptomatic small bowel stricture: a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort (CREOLE) study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective The efficacy of anti-tumour necrosis factors (anti-TNFs) in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and symptomatic small bowel stricture (SSBS) is controversial. The aim of this study was to estimate the efficacy of adalimumab in these patients and to identify the factors predicting success. Design We performed a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study in patients with CD and SSBS. The included patients underwent magnetic resonance enterography at baseline and subsequently received adalimumab. The primary endpoint was success at week 24, defined as adalimumab continuation without prohibited treatment (corticosteroids after the eight week following inclusion, other anti-TNFs), endoscopic dilation or bowel resection. The baseline factors independently associated with success were identified using a logistic regression model, leading to a simple prognostic score. Secondary endpoints were prolonged success after week 24 (still on adalimumab, without dilation nor surgery) and time to bowel resection in the whole cohort. Results From January 2010 to December 2011, 105 patients were screened and 97 were included. At week 24, 62/97 (64%) patients had achieved success. The prognostic score defined a good prognosis group with 43/49 successes, an intermediate prognosis group with 17/28 successes and a poor prognosis group with 1/16 successes. After a median follow-up time of 3.8 years, 45.7%±6.6% (proportion±SE) of patients who were in success at week 24 (ie, 29% of the whole cohort) were still in prolonged success at 4 years. Among the whole cohort, 50.7%±5.3% of patients did not undergo bowel resection 4 years after inclusion. Conclusions A successful response to adalimumab was observed in about two-thirds of CD patients with SSBS and was prolonged in nearly half of them till the end of follow-up. More than half of the patients were free of surgery 4 years after treatment initiation. Clinical Trial registration number NCT01183403; Results.
Influence of atropine on the acute toxicity of isometamidium.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The effectiveness of atropine in blocking the acute toxic effects of the antitrypanosomal drug isometamidium (ISMM) was evaluated in mice and goats using lethality as the primary index. The median lethal dose (LD50) of ISMM in nonatropinized mice was 45.3 mg/kg bodyweight (SE +/- 5.3 mg/kg bodyweight), whereas the LD50 of ISMM in mice pre-treated with atropine was 71.7 mg/kg bodyweight (SE +/- 13.2 mg/kg bodyweight). The increase in LD50 was about 60%. The ratio of the slope of the dose-response curve for ISMM in non-atropinized mice to that in atropinized mice was about 4:1. The results showed that atropine was effective in considerably reducing the lethal effect of ISMM in mice. In contrast, experiments in goats showed markedly different results; atropine was not effective in reducing the lethality of ISMM. It was concluded that in mice atropine has some beneficial action in cases of overdosage or poisoning by ISMM. Treatment with atropine should be attempted as an antidotal measure in humans accidentally poisoned with ISMM.
"GAMMA-RAY BURSTERS AND COLLIMATED JETS FROM ASTROPHYSICAL COMPACT OBJECTS"

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

ADVISOR: ANNO KARE (PhD) Abstract We provide a comprehensive review of major developments in our understanding of gammaray bursters, with particular focus on the discoveries made within the last fifteen years when their true nature was uncovered. We describe the observational properties of photons from the radio to multi-GeV bands, both in the prompt emission and the afterglow phases. Mechanisms for the generation of these photons in GRBs are discussed and confronted with observations to shed light on the physical properties of these explosions, their progenitor stars and the surrounding medium. After presenting observational evidence that a powerful, collimated, jet moving at close to the speed of light is produced in these explosions, we describe our current understanding regarding the generation, acceleration, and dissipation of the jet. We discuss mounting observational evidence that long duration GRBs are produced when massive stars die, and that at least some short duration bursts are associated with old, roughly solar mass, compact stars. The question of whether a black-hole or a strongly magnetized, rapidly rotating neutron star is produced in these explosions is also discussed. We provide a brief summary of what we have learned about relativistic collisionless shocks and particle acceleration from GRB afterglow studies, and discuss the current understanding of radiation mechanism during the prompt emission phase. We discuss theoretical predictions of possible high-energy neutrino emission from GRBs and the current observational constraints. Finally, we also discussed how these explosions may be used to study cosmology, finally we derived magnetic field strength starting from Lorentz force as well as derivation of fluence have been also discussed. Using these relations and other some basic equations we tried to model. Key words: gamma ray bursters, collimated jets and astrophysical black holes
Business-to-business event sponsorship: Generating value through strategy and metrics

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Corporate sponsorships of public events—especially sporting events—are nothing new. But in 2010, when Alltech set out to sponsor the World Equestrian Games, it did so through a lens which evaluated the impact of their sponsorship very differently. Although history of corporate sponsorships has shown that it is very difficult to extract meaningful data that can be analysed to determine the return on investment, Alltech was able to accomplish just that. Now, as the company approaches the 2014 World Equestrian Games in Normandy, France, they will again capture data for use in measuring the benefits of this continued sponsorship. This time, however, the aim is to measure direct connections between the company and its end-line clients: farmers. A variety of contact points are planned for the 2014 Games, including experiential marketing on-site and a high-quality advertising campaign. Additionally, there will be a unique campaign to celebrate “unsung heroes” farmers and owners through a social media campaign, intended to build awareness and engagement. Further metrics are tightly focused on relationship development and maximizing the location benefits of the Games. Alltech will apply insights gained from five main lessons learned through the first Games experience, which are discussed in the following article.
Symmetry and asymmetry in monitoring data. Normal and log-normal distributions

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This chapter presents the foundations of two of the most important frequency distributions in environmental monitoring: normal and log-normal distributions. The main characteristics, properties, and parameters are presented, with indications on how to define and interpret them. Normal distributions are widely used and are associated with a symmetric interpretation of data distribution; however, this may not be the case with environmental monitoring data. Therefore, we provide conceptual background to think about data in a nonsymmetrical way, taking the log-normal distribution to represent this typical asymmetrical behaviour of environmental data. Chapters 9 and 10 will make use of the concepts presented here.
Research on the effects of the thickness of cotyle made from UHMWPE on the friction and abrasion

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Most cotyle of the artificial joint has been made from UHMWPE with super ability to resist fraction, however, non-bacterium flexible remains a unresolved problem resulted from bone dissolve bacause of part ultra-fine crumbs. To learn friction mechanism of cotyle and decrease the crumbs,we calculated relations between the thickness and stress/strain of cotyle by using ABAQUS software. Based on the relations between stress and friction,the effects of the thickness of the cotyle on friction and abrasion were investigated, the mechanism of cotyle friction was analyzed.
STRATEGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL EXPORT OF SIBERIAN FEDERAL DISTRICT TAKING INTO ACCOUNT GLOBAL TRENDS IN THE GLOBAL FOOD MARKET

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

В условиях сложной политической и экономической ситуации обуславливающей неопределённость внешней среды и, как следствие, риски международных отношений становится особенно актуальным использование инструментов стратегирования. Несмотря на положительную динамику агроэкспорта Сибирского федерального округа (СФО), его можно охарактеризовать сырьевым, несбалансированным по составу товарных групп и обладающим нестабильным спросом на отдельные товарные позиции. Для формирования стратегических направлений развития агроэкспорта СФО используются методы ситуационного и стратегического анализа. Главной проблемой является отсутствие комплексного видения развития агроэкспорта СФО. С целью разрешения проблемы предлагается идентификация основных характеристик сложившейся ситуации в АПК, в особенности пищевой и перерабатывающей промышленности страны, в том числе в СФО. Выдвигаются предположения о том, что СФО имеет возможность интеграции в мировой рынок продовольствия, реализуя комплексную стратегию роста агроэкспорта Сибирского макрорегиона, которая может быть сформирована с учетом балансирования портфеля товарных групп. Проведенное исследование подчеркивает важность использования технологий стратегирования при формировании комплексной стратегии развития агроэкспорта на уровне макрорегиона.
ASPECTS OF AFRICAN ORAL LITERATURE AND PERFORMANCE AESTHETICS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper gives an overview of an ethnographic portrait of the artists who recreate the tradition of oral performance as well as samples of performance situation of Ereno festival of Epe people in Lagos. The essay spells out certain aspects of oral tradition and critically examines how they did have the appreciation of beauty through performance. African oral tradition and folkways deal with man’s existential being. It grapples with man’s dilemma and adventure in life. The utilitarian value of the oral tradition is to utilize its various conventions for instruction and entertainment and to stimulate human feeling through songs, song-tales, riddles, beast-fables, parables, jokes, proverbs, anecdotes, legends, myths, fables, spics, folktales and stories. In traditional African literature, the oral performer spoke in prose and verse and song. The dynamism with which the performer exhibits the aesthetic potency of the oral forms makes the African poets and storytellers the community chroniclers, entertainers and collective consciousness.
[Age-related changes in large joints and long tubular bones of the upper extremity in children (echographic data)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The duodenum of four species of monkeys, belonging to the genera Macaca and Papio, has been investigated. In order to reveal argyrophil and argentaffin Ec-cells, Grimelius and Masson-Hamperl methods have been used, respectively. In all the species studied in the terminal parts and in the ducts of the duodenal glands presence of endocrine cells is noted; their amount, however, is considerably less than in crypts. Open and close types of endocrine cells++ have been revealed in the glands. A part of the endocrine cells population is argentaffin Ec-cells (about 40% in Papio and 80% in Macaca). This demonstrates participation of serotonin they produce in regulation of the duodenal glands functional activity. Dependence between taxonomic position of the species and degree of endocrine cells++ development in the duodenal glands has been followed. In particular, in representatives of Macaca amount of argyrophil and argentaffin in the glands is greater than in Papio. Possible reasons of the differences are discussed. Comparing the results on investigation of the glands in the primates with those previously obtained for representatives of Carnivora, a suggestion is made concerning some general principles in organization of the proper endocrinic apparatus of the mammalian duodenal glands.
Carbon dioxide enrichment reduces shoot growth in sweet chestnut seedlings (Castanea sativa Mill.)*

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract. Two‐year‐old potted sweet chestnut seedlings were grown at 350 ppm CO 2 and 700 ppm, day and night in constantly ventilated tunnels during two full growing seasons, near Paris, France (48° N, 2° E). Enrichment with CO 2 caused an unusual shoot growth response. After the end of July, stem elongation ceased in 62% of the CO 2 enriched plants as compared with 37% in the control. The leaves of CO 2 ‐enriched seedlings showed early senescence, indicated by premature yellowing and a decrease in chlorophyll content. This was associated with nutrient dilution brought about by the rapid growth of these trees. The increase in total dry weight of the CO 2 ‐enriched seedlings was essentially the result of increase in the root dry weight (69%). Shoot weight decreased by 22% relative to the control. Total leaf area per enriched plant was 25% smaller than the control. This unusual pattern of growth and carbon allocation of the CO 2 treated Chestnut trees emphasizes the concept of a response specificity within trees to an increase of atmospheric CO 2 .
Engine Mounting Layout by Air Suspension

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In this study, the air suspension is newly applied to the engine mounting layout for getting the significant vibration isolation effect. In this case, the genetic algorithm so called <b>GA</b> is also applied for the optimization of many parameters, calculations of stiffness matrix and inverse stiffness matrix to prevent the coupled vibration of lateral and rolling modes and to obtain the displacement of each mounting point. As a result, inexperienced engineers can easily obtain the optimum engine mounting layout in a minute. By the confirmation test of FEM, the engine lateral vibration level at 25Hz dropped below 1/10 and its effect was significant.</div>
The 'Divided Self' of Polish State-owned Enterprises: The Culture of Organizing

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In the course of the current transition to a market economy, Polish state-owned enterprises are expected to change their functioning very quickly in order to 'adapt' to the new rules of the game. Nevertheless, adaptation to market principles is hampered by old cultural mind frames, which the actors adopted to cope with communist governance. The reasons behind this cultural 'lag' are examined in this paper. It aims to develop a model of the culture of organizing enacted in big consolidated state-owned enterprises, to show how the old cultural patterns emerged. Currently, their existence hinders change.
Formulation and optimisation of mathematical model of relationship between organisational performance and TQM practices in Indian industry

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Due to cutthroat competition in business and to survive in this competitive environment many manufacturing industries across globe are practicing total quality management (TQM) as a strategy to improve organisational performance in terms of quality of products, productivity, and financial indicators. This paper aims to formulate and optimise mathematical relationship in the form of model amongst organisational TQM practices and their performance in Indian context. An exploratory survey instrument has been developed to collect field data from industries those have implemented TQM initiative. Ten TQM implementation factors were derived, and mathematical models were formulated and further optimised. The values for identified organisational performance parameters were estimated through mathematical models. Comparison of these values with values obtained from various respondents indicate that these models can be efficiently used to find performance parameters from available set of TQM implementation factors. Sensitivity analysis highlights customer involvement as the most sensitive while management support as least sensitive factor for TQM initiative. The findings of the study reveal that Indian manufacturing companies can use these derived TQM implementation factors and developed research instrument for obtaining in depth status of quality management strategy being adopted in industry and link it with related benchmarked performance measures of the organisation.
Noninvasive Ventilation During Pediatric and Neonatal Critical Care Transport: A Systematic Review*

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: Noninvasive ventilation is increasingly used in neonatal and pediatric patients, but the intensive care transport setting is lagging in terms of availability of noninvasive ventilation for children. The objective of this systematic review of the literature was to answer the question: In children 0 days to 18 years old, who are hospitalized with acute respiratory distress and require critical care transport, is noninvasive ventilation effective and safe during transport? Data Sources: MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE (via Scopus), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, African Index Medicus, Web of Science Citation Index, and the World Health Organization Trials Registry. Study Selection: Two reviewers independently reviewed all identified studies for eligibility and quality. Data Extraction: Data were extracted independently by two reviewers using piloted data extraction forms. Data Synthesis: Data were not synthesized due to nature of studies included. Results: A total of 1,287 records were identified; no randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials were found. Eight observational studies, enrolling 858 patients were included, of these 60.4% were neonatal ICU and 39.6% were nonneonatal ICU patient transports. The mode of noninvasive ventilation during transport was continuous positive airway pressure in seven studies (708 patients) and high-flow nasal cannula in one study (150 patients). During transport on noninvasive ventilation, three of 858 patients (0.4%) required either intubation or escalation of noninvasive ventilation. In the 24 hours following transfer, 63 of 650 children (10%) transferred on noninvasive ventilation were intubated. The odds of intubation within 24 hours were significantly higher for continuous positive airway pressure transfer 60 of 500 (12%) compared with high-flow nasal cannula three of 150 (2%): odds ratio (95% CI) 6.68 (2.40–18.63), p value equals to 0.00003. Minor adverse events occurred in 1–4% of noninvasive ventilation transports. Conclusions: This review found observational study evidence of a rate of intubation or escalation of 0.4% during noninvasive ventilation transport of children 0–18 years old, with an in-transport adverse event rate of 1–4%. Further studies are required. If randomized trials are not possible, it is suggested that well-conducted observational studies are reported in a more standardized manner.