jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
205. The increasing trend of penicillin resistance in Streptococcus suis clinical isolates during the past 5 years in a tertiary hospital in Thailand

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Streptococcus suis, an emerging zoonotic pathogen, is able to cause a wide spectrum of infections including primary bacteremia, meningitis, endocarditis, and other localized infections. Due to the increasing and widespread use of antibiotics in pig industry in Thailand, will contribute to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance to infection caused by S. suis. We aimed to determine the in vitro susceptibility of S. suis clinical isolates, in accompanying with the treatment outcomes. Methods A retrospective study was carried out on all patients with S. suis bacteremia at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, from 2017 to 2022. S. suis identification was analyzed by conventional biochemical tests, the API-20 STREP system (bioMérieux, Marcy-l'Étoile, France), or MALDI-TOF MS. In vitro susceptibility test of penicillin, cefotaxime, meropenem, and vancomycin was carried out by E-test according to CLSI recommendation. Results There were 32 patients with 17 (53.1%) male and median age of 57 (IQR: 50-65) years. Comorbidities were diabetes (10 patients, 31.3%) and cancer (4, 12.5%). 12 (37.5%) patients had a history of consumption of undercooked pork products. Regarding clinical syndrome, there were 15 (46.9%), 6 (18.8%), 6 (18.8%), and 3 (9.4%) patients with primary bacteremia, infective endocarditis, meningitis, and septic arthritis/spondylodiscitis, respectively. The median length of stay was 13 (IQR: 5-16) days. The most common empirically used antibiotic was ceftriaxone (26 patients, 81.3%), followed by meropenem (3, 9.4%), and ampicillin (2, 6.2%). De-escalation treatment to penicillin G sodium was performed in 11 (34.4%) patients. Of 29 patients with available outcomes, there were 19 (65.5%), 6 (20.7%), and 3 (10.3%) patients with complete recovery, hearing loss, and mortality, respectively. In vitro susceptibility results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.Table 1.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) distribution for Streptococcus suis blood isolates.Table 2.MIC50, MIC90, MIC ranges, and susceptibility according to 2023 CLSI clinical breakpoints for Streptococcus suis blood isolates. Conclusion S. suis bacteremic patients still had favorable outcomes despite the emergence of penicillin resistance. All isolates were susceptible to meropenem and vancomycin, and most were susceptible to cefotaxime. However, only 28.1% was still susceptible to penicillin. Third-generation cephalosporin should be the first agent for empirical treatment in patients with suspected S. suis bacteremia. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
A Case of Traumatic Asphyxia due to Motorcycle Accident

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background . Perthe's syndrome (traumatic asphyxia) is rare, which is caused by sudden compressive chest trauma and characterized by subconjunctival hemorrhage, facial edema, craniocervical cyanosis, and petechiae on the upper chest and face and should always be kept in mind as a possible complication of injuries of the chest and abdomen. Case Report . In this case report a 36-years-old male patient brought to the emergency room due to thorax trauma related to motorcycle accident was discussed. Distinct cyanotic, edematous, and multiple petechiae were present on the face, neck, and upper thorax regions of the patient. Bilateral subconjunctival hemorrhage was determined. Conclusion . Treatment for traumatic asphyxia is supportive and patient recovery is related to the generally associated injuries. Prognosis of the patients is quite good with effective and timely treatment.
The impact of market shocks on undernourishment: Evidence from Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

A demand system is estimated separately for Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam. Results showed that rice, the most important staple food in these countries, is a normal good. Food demand elasticity with respect to expenditure is less elastic for higher income country like Thailand while more elastic for lower income country like Myanmar. Market shocks such as a decrease in expenditure or an increase in rice prices tend to have the largest impacts on the prevalence of undernourishment in Myanmar and Vietnam. The study concludes with a recommendation for effective safety net programs.
IgE Responses in Human Schistosomiasis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We have developed a non-competitive solid-phase radioimmunoassay (SPRIA) to quantitate human IgE antibodies to Schistosoma mansoni antigens that was capable of accurately measuring IgE antibodies in both high and low titer sera. Ninety sera from "early" or "chronic" schistosomiasis patients were studied. Both levels of parasite-specific IgE antibodies and the proportion of the total IgE response that was parasite-specific were significantly lower in "early infection" sera than in sera of patients with chronic infections. The SPRIA to adult worm antigen was compared with basophil histamine release and direct intradermal skin testing also performed with the adult antigen. Both tests showed significant correlations with the SPRIA in detecting specific anti-parasite antibody.
A Novel Method for the Real-Time Pose Deduction of the AFC Based on Digital Twins and Spatiotemporal Characteristics

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The AFC lacks autonomous propulsion ability and is limited by the flexible connection of the coal seam undulation and dumbbell pin during the propulsion process. The real-time monitoring of the AFC faces the two issues of dynamic changes in the coal seam and missing information. To address these issues, this article proposes an AFC pose deduction method based on digital twins and spatiotemporal characteristics. The method involves the virtual reconstruction of the working face based on spatial working condition information, and the compensation of missing information using two-dimensional LiDAR point cloud information. Then, based on the operation information of the shearer, the pose of the AFC is deduced by analysing the point cloud information for the transfer mechanism and the dynamic changes of the coal seam. Fusion deduction is achieved by building adjacent knife-pushing scenes and dynamic cutting scenes, and an optimisation design method is used to integrate the positioning results of multiple scenes. The inverse solution process of the transfer mechanism is then implemented to achieve AFC pose deduction. Experiments were conducted in a laboratory environment to verify the accuracy and real-time performance of the AFC pose deduction method. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method, which provides new ideas for the real-time monitoring of AFCs and a reference for the development of underground intelligence.
Studies on floristic diversity of an organic farm of Himachal Pradesh, India: Transformation of a barren land to a productive niche

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The ecological aspects pertaining to floral diversity, cropping systems and crop diversification of an organic farm CSKHPKV, Palampur were studied. The data for two years, that is, 2006-07 and 2007-08 was analyzed. The initial recorded data pertaining to various activities in the organic farm before 2006-07 showed low fertility soil status, very low productivity and least biodiversity in a so called barren land before the initiation of organic farming. The results over the period of two years showed how a barren land was converted to a lush green, fertile and productive land with increased biodiversity of flora through organic management practices. There was rich plant diversity on cultivated as well as uncultivated land. As many as 45 species of native plants and 50 species of introduced plants were found. However, 358 trees were found on the organic farm, out of which most were fodder trees and for green manuring. Ample crop diversification of introduced plants, cropland weeds and non-cropland weeds as well as trees was found on the organic farm. Crop diversification increased as soil status improved through organic management practices.

Key words: Organic farming, ecological, green manuring, diversification index.
Introduction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

One hundred years after its promulgation, it seems appropriate to take stock of the formulation and impact of the Constitution of 1917, a document soon thereafter eclipsed by the much more radical constitution of the Soviet Union and therefore the subject of relatively few scholarly analyses, especially with regard to transnational perspectives. Written by eminent historians from Canada, Germany, Great Britain, and Mexico, the six essays in this special section bring together different perspectives on the constitution and its international impact.
Improving the care of cardiothoracic surgery patients through advanced nursing skills

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

All the nurses in the cardiothoracic ICU are now certified in these advanced skills. The skills are reviewed with current staff members on a yearly basis during the annual evaluation. During their orientation to the cardiothoracic ICU, new staff nurses are certified by using the original process of attending an in-service training program and demonstrating the skill 3 times. The quality management department reviews medical records daily to detect complications. In addition, we (DRZ and MB) conducted a quality assurance review in which we monitored 20 patients being extubated and having PA catheters removed by nurses. No complications were noted during either review. The institution has seen improvements in quality of care and earlier discharge from the hospital. With earlier removal of endotracheal tubes and PA catheters, patients are more comfortable and their rehabilitation can be advanced sooner. Comparison of the mean length of stay for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft in March 1995 with the mean length of stay for such patients in March 1998 showed a 50.6% decrease, from 14.94 days to 7.38 days. These advanced skills have provided an increased autonomy for the nurses and have benefited the patients undergoing cardiac surgery in our institution.
The Application of Inquiry Learning to Train Critical Thinking Skills on Light Material of Primary School Students

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Critical thinking skills are seen as important skills for survival and have become one of Indonesia's educational goals. The results of initial observation of critical thinking skills in Kemangsen 2 primary school involving students of grade V, revealed that 95% students possessed score 2 (with the scale, ranging from 1 to 4). Therefore, critical thinking skills of students need to be improved by applying hands-based learning of Hands on Science; one of which is through inquiry learning. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of inquiry learning model in trained critical thinking skills of elementary students (n = 22). This research was conducted by One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Data were analyzed using t-dependent tests for overall critical thinking skills and descriptive analysis for critical thinking skills for each indicator. The critical thinking skills trained in this study include evaluation, explanation, interpretation, and inference based on the results of data analysis. To sum up, inquiry learning is classified as effective in terms of training students' critical thinking skills. The critical thinking skills of students should be continuously trained on appropriate materials or topics.
Axial Fourier Rebinning for Time-of-Flight PET

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fully 3D time-of-flight (TOF) PET scanners offer the potential of substantially improved image quality in clinical PET imaging. The main challenges of 3D TOF PET imaging are the data storage with either list-mode or binned formats, and the reconstruction time using iterative algorithms. Previously, we derived the Fourier rebinning and consistency equations (FORCEs), and showed 3D TOF data can be fully characterized by two consistency equations. In this work, we present an exact Fourier rebinning for 3D TOF data based on the axial consistency equation to dramatically reduce the data storage and the reconstruction time. Starting from pre-corrected 3D TOF data, the axial Fourier rebinning algorithm estimates a 2D TOF sinogram for each transverse slice without information loss. Since the 3D TOF data are axially truncated, we provide a solution to estimate the missing portion in the oblique TOF projection data. The proposed axial Fourier rebinning for TOF data (axFRT) can take advantage of all the 3D TOF data statistics, and the rebinned 2D TOF data can then be reconstructed using any algorithms for 2D or 2. 5D TOF reconstructions. The axFRT algorithm allows the axial data sets being rebinned independently, and there are tens of thousands of such data sets which can naturally take advantage of the massively parallel processors to dramatically speedup the rebinning. We show numerical simulations to demonstrate that axFRT produces accurate and unbiased rebinned sinograms even for TOF PET with large axial acceptance angle. The axFRT will be particularly useful for 3D TOF PET with large axial field of view for PET imaging applications including dynamic, whole- or total-body imaging.
Localizing diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of US, ECT, CT and MRI in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Methods Data of 34 PHPT patients with diagnosis confirmed by postoperative pathology were retrospectively reviewed from January 1, 1990, through March 31, 2004. Results The preoperative diagnosis in 22 out of 25 cases (88%) undergoing preoperative ultrasonography of the neck with a positive result was verified by intraoperative findings. For 99m Tc-MIBI, CT and MRI, the positive results were 95%, 69% and 100% respectively. Conclusion Ultrasonography and 99m Tc-MIBI should be considered as the first choice for preoperative loci localization in patients with PHPT. Ultrasonography and 99m Tc-MIBI in combination is more sensitive and accurate for the localization of PHPT.
Immunotherapy with CpG‐ODN in neoplastic meningitis: A phase I trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

TLR ‐9 agonists are immunostimulating agents that have antitumor effects in animal models. A phase I trial was conducted to define the safety profile of subcutaneous injections, combined with intrathecally administration of CpG‐28, a TRL 9 agonist, in patients with neoplastic meningitis ( NM ). Cohorts of 3–6 patients with NM were treated for 5 weeks with escalating doses of CpG‐28. The primary endpoint was tolerance. Secondary endpoints were progression free survival ( PFS ) and overall survival ( OS ). Twenty‐nine patients were treated with CpG‐28. The primary cancers were malignant glioma, lung carcinoma, breast cancer, melanoma or melanocytoma, ependymoma, and colorectal cancer. The median age was 56 years and median Karnovsky Performance status (KPS) was 70%. The treatment was well tolerated. Adverse effects that were possibly or probably related to the studied drug were grade 2 lymphopenia, anemia and neutropenia, local erythema at injection sites, fever and seizure. There were five serious adverse events: two confusions, two infections of ventricular devices and one grade 4 thrombopenia and neutropenia. The median PFS was 7 weeks and median OS was 15 weeks. Interestingly, the median survival was slightly (but not significantly) higher in the eight patients who were concomitantly treated with bevacizumab (19 weeks vs 15 weeks; P = 0.11). CpG‐28 was well tolerated at doses up to 0.3 mg/kg subcutaneously and 18 mg intrathecally. Additional trials are warranted.
Beam Shaping through Turbid Media by Feedback-based Wavefront Shaping

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. Pu, L. Wan, Z. Chen, and H. Huang, "Beam Shaping through Turbid Media by Feedback-based Wavefront Shaping," in Frontiers in Optics 2016, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2016), paper JW4A.110. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Lipophilic Prodrugs of SN38: Synthesis and in Vitro Characterization toward Oral Chemotherapy

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

SN38 (7-ethyl-10-hydroxy camptothecin) is a potent anticancer agent belonging to the camptothecin family; however, its oral delivery is extensively restricted by poor solubility in pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and low transmucosal permeability. Lipid-based carriers are well-known for their ability to improve oral absorption and bioavailability of lipid soluble and highly permeable compounds. Thus, this study has focused on improving solubility in lipid excipients, controlling stability, and enhancing transmucosal permeability of SN38 by specific chemical modification. To achieve these aims, a series of lipophilic prodrugs were designed and synthesized by esterification at the C10 and/or C20 positon(s) of SN38 with dietary fatty acids of diverse hydrocarbon chain lengths. The solubility of these novel prodrugs in long-chain triglycerides was increased up to 444-fold, and cytotoxicity was significantly reduced in comparison to SN38. The prodrugs were stable in simulated gastric fluids but exhibited different rates of hydrolysis (t1/2 < 5 min to t1/2 > 2 h) in simulated intestinal fluids (in the presence of enzymes) depending on the alkyl chain length and the position modified. A predictable reconversion of prodrugs to SN38 in plasma was also confirmed. On the basis of these studies, SN38-undecanoate (C20) was identified as the optimal prodrug. Finally, in vitro permeability and uptake studies in rat intestinal mucosal membrane using an Ussing chamber showed significant improvement in transepithelial drug transport and cellular uptake. Together, these results indicate that well designed lipophilic prodrugs have potential for the efficacious and safe oral delivery of SN38.
Full privatization through controlling rights transfer in China: the extent of its success

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This article investigates the effect of the second step of privatization in China, which is full privatization through controlling rights transfer after share issue partial privatization. It finds that fully privatized firms perform worse than state-controlled enterprises. Expropriation by private block shareholders is greater than that by state block shareholders. Furthermore, increase in expropriation is negatively related to performance change. The results suggest that full privatization may not yield the expected efficiency gains in transition economies with weak legal system. They also emphasize the importance of preventing private block shareholders from exploiting minority shareholders in the process of full privatization. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
Awareness of and attitudes toward translational medicine among health personnel in hospitals in Shanghai, China

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective The study aim was to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of hospital health personnel toward translational medicine. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey from July 2013 to September 2013 with a representative sample of 1690 health personnel from 13 large comprehensive or specialized hospitals in Shanghai, China. Results The results showed that awareness of and attitudes toward translational medicine significantly differed by gender, age, highest level of education, profession, and professional rank. Health personnel showed a highly positive attitude toward translational medicine; however, their knowledge of translational medicine was low. Conclusion Effective measures are needed to improve health personnel’s awareness of and attitudes toward translational medicine.
Multi-modal Teaching Ecosystem Design for Computer Graphic Course

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the context of ecosystem sustainability and high-quality development of education, this paper explores a multi-model teaching ecosystem for the curriculum of Computer Graphics. In this study, the technological concepts of multi-model fusion, transfer learning are transferred to the design of computer graphics course. The proposed ecological course framework consisted of 1) multi-modal curricular practical training platforms; 2) multi-modal knowledge bases; 3) multi-modal hybrid teaching mode. Furthermore, the practical application cases of the industry are taken into account to solve the problems of disconnection between teaching and practice. The teaching effect shows that multi-model based teaching ecosystem have improved students' academic achievement and learning satisfaction.
Ultrasonic Imaging of Carotid Atherosclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Ultrasound is widely used in vascular imaging because of its ability to visualize, in real‐time, the arterial lumen and wall in a noninvasive and harmless way. Monitoring of the arterial characteristics like the vessel lumen diameter, the intima media thickness of the near and far wall, and the morphology of atherosclerotic plaque are very important in order to assess the severity of atherosclerosis and evaluate its progression. Quantitative image analysis based on despeckle filtering, automated or semiautomated segmentation of the intima media or the atherosclerotic plaque, texture feature extraction and selection, and classification support computer‐aided diagnosis, enabling early diagnosis, disease monitoring, and better treatment. Emerging techniques in vascular imaging include 3‐D imaging, which attempts to provide the physician with a more realistic reconstruction and visualization of the 3‐D structure under investigation, telemedicine and ultrasound video compression, and others. Furthermore, it is hoped that once genes contributing to atherosclerosis have been identified, combined with DNA‐based tests, risk factors and quantitative ultrasound vascular imaging will contribute toward the implementation of the most effective strategy to minimize cardiovascular death.