jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Application of the ideal profile method to identify an ideal sufu for nonregular consumers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND Sufu is a fermented soybean food with unique odor, flavor, and texture, which might not be appreciated by nonregular consumers. To identify the attributes that nonregular consumers appreciated, 12 commercial products bought from a Hong Kong market were tested by 113 consumers according to the ideal profile method (IPM), and rated on 22 attributes. RESULTS Data provided from nonregular consumers were consistent at both panel and consumer levels. The predicted ideal profile received a higher hedonic score (7.0) than the tested products (6.0). Compared with commercial samples, the ideal sufu has low intensity in the attributes of fermented (aroma and flavor), moldy (aroma), and hard (texture), but high intensity in the soybean‐like (aroma and flavor) and sesame oil‐like (aroma and flavor) attributes. CONCLUSION IPM could be used as an alternative approach to collect sensory profiles and preference data directly from consumers for product characterization. It could also be applied to identify the attributes that nonregular consumers appreciated. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
[XX-male in a case of male infertility].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 26-year-old man with the chief complaint of male infertility for 3 years was referred to our clinic. Physical examination of the patient revealed normal male habitus except for a small testis. His semen analysis showed no sperm. Levels of plasma LH and FSH were high compared with normal ones but that of plasma testosterone was within the normal range. Histological examination of his testis showed no spermatogenesis. Chromosome analysis with peripheral blood revealed 46, XX. H-Y antigen could be detected by in vitro cytotoxicity tests. By the above findings, the diagnosis of XX-male was made. Literature dealing with this disease is scanty. Only 18 cases of XX-male including our case were collected in Japan. The etiology and clinical features of this disease are discussed in the present report.
Rethinking the Cultural Icon: Its Use and Function in Popular Culture

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Background The role of cultural icons in twenty-first century North American popular culture has been under-theorized in communication scholarship. This is a significant gap in knowledge, given the importance of the icon as a public text through which collective cultural values are symbolized. Analysis Using the novel approach of the scoping review, this article illuminates the current landscape of iconic studies by identifying wide-ranging examples of the cultural icon from academic scholarship, recognizing organizational categories, and synthesizing existing definitions to highlight the limits of current conceptualizations. Conclusions and Implications Informed by the collected data, this article suggests a redefinition of the cultural icon that considers its current novel role in revealing tensions between different articulations of collective cultural values.
Modeling of Rhamnolipid Biosurfactant Production: Estimation of Kinetic Parameters by Genetic Algorithm

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Studies about kinetics and modeling of production parameters for biosurfactants are essential to the development of efficient processes from an economic point of view. In this sense, this work evaluated the performance of four nonstructured models to explain the experimental data for biomass growth, substrate consumption, and rhamnolipid production using glycerol as carbon source and a Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain. The kinetic parameters of each model were estimated using a global search method known as genetic algorithm and numerical discretization of differential equations by the Runge–Kutta 4th order method. The main result of this study showed that the Monod model best represented the experimental data, with μ max values of 0.06 h −1 , K S of 50.8 g L −1 , Y X/S of 0.43 g g −1 , and Y P/X equal to 0.017 g g −1 .
Genome-wide pre-miRNA discovery from few labeled examples

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Motivation Although many machine learning techniques have been proposed for distinguishing miRNA hairpins from other stem-loop sequences, most of the current methods use supervised learning, which requires a very good set of positive and negative examples. Those methods have important practical limitations when they have to be applied to a real prediction task. First, there is the challenge of dealing with a scarce number of positive (well-known) pre-miRNA examples. Secondly, it is very difficult to build a good set of negative examples for representing the full spectrum of non-miRNA sequences. Thirdly, in any genome, there is a huge class imbalance (1: 10 000) that is well-known for particularly affecting supervised classifiers. Results To enable efficient and speedy genome-wide predictions of novel miRNAs, we present miRNAss, which is a novel method based on semi-supervised learning. It takes advantage of the information provided by the unlabeled stem-loops, thereby improving the prediction rates, even when the number of labeled examples is low and not representative of the classes. An automatic method for searching negative examples to initialize the algorithm is also proposed so as to spare the user this difficult task. MiRNAss obtained better prediction rates and shorter execution times than state-of-the-art supervised methods. It was validated with genome-wide data from three model species, with more than one million of hairpin sequences each, thereby demonstrating its applicability to a real prediction task. Availability and implementation An R package can be downloaded from https://cran.r-project.org/package=miRNAss. In addition, a web-demo for testing the algorithm is available at http://fich.unl.edu.ar/sinc/web-demo/mirnass. All the datasets that were used in this study and the sets of predicted pre-miRNA are available on http://sourceforge.net/projects/sourcesinc/files/mirnass. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Heterogeneity and Spatial Autocorrelation for Chloroplast Haplotypes in Three Old Growth Populations of Northern Red Oak

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract In eastern North America, evidence for cryptic northern refugia could contribute to resolving Reid’s Paradox, the disparity between the rate of oak recolonization indicated by pollen deposition and the rate indicated by contemporary seed dispersal studies. Severe anthropogenic disturbance of oak-dominated forests throughout eastern North America followed by regeneration from isolated patches and deliberate planting in some regions could obscure the signal of discontinuity expected from small, cryptic refugia. In this study of northern red oak, Quercus rubra L., the dominant representative of Quercus section Lobatae in the eastern United States, we address the question of appropriate sample size for accurate detection of the biogeographical distribution of chloroplast haplotype diversity in Q. rubra. We examined chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) variation in all Q. rubra over 17 cm in diameter (310 trees) in three forest fragments with documented histories of minimal disturbance for the last 100-190 years. cpDNA polymorphisms in three intergenic regions revealed different haplotype frequencies between the two local fragments located within 1 km of each other and complete discontinuity for the predominant haplotype between these two sites and a site 207 km distant. Haplotypes displayed positive spatial autocorrelation over 10-40 meter distances. Sample sizes of 10 or fewer taken at 50 meter intervals along a linear transect yielded poor estimates of haplotype frequencies and did not accurately detect haplotype richness.
CPD-Stellmed: Biological warfare: the many possibilities.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Biological warfare has been a threat to society for many decades. This article summarises some of the most likely organisms suitable for a bio-terrorist attack, including Bacillus anthracis, Francisella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, the agents of viral haemorrhagic fevers, Variola virus and botulism toxin.

(SA Fam Pract 2004;46(8): 40-42)
Public Moral Control and Female Students in Korea in the 1950s and 1960s as Reflected in Icheon Yangjeong Girls" School Student Guidance Materials

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the case of Yangjeong Girls’ Middle and High School to see how the enforcement of public morals was manifested in secondary girls’ schools in the 1950s and 1960s. With the introduction of the compulsory education system, increased female middle and high school students became the target of moral regulation, which placed them under surveillance and control in various issues related to daily life both inside and outside school. The student guidance disciplinary data at Yangjeong Girls’ Middle and High School indicate that female students were primarily subject to disciplinary measures for going to a movie or dating problems, reflecting the norm of chaste women enforced on female students as one of the means by which gender works.BR Despite these crackdowns and controls, female students established themselves as subjects who created and enjoyed a new society and culture and exerted resistance against the control exercised over their daily lives in the name of regulating public morals. Dissatisfaction with the model of the non-political subject imposed by the state and schools, the coercion of women into gender roles, and the suffocating control over daily life formed the basis of alliance leave in the 1950s. In the oppressive atmosphere after the 5.16 coup, alliance leave almost disappeared, but students resisted passively by returning the control imposed on them through the demand for disciplinary measures against teachers.
Smart agriculture: real‐time classification of green coffee beans by using a convolutional neural network

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Coffee is an important economic crop and one of the most popular beverages worldwide. The rise of speciality coffees has changed people's standards regarding coffee quality. However, green coffee beans are often mixed with impurities and unpleasant beans. Therefore, this study aimed to solve the problem of time‐consuming and labour‐intensive manual selection of coffee beans for speciality coffee products. The second objective of the authors’ study was to develop an automatic coffee bean picking system. They first used image processing and data augmentation technologies to deal with the data. They then used deep learning of the convolutional neural network to analyse the image information. Finally, they applied the training model to connect an IP camera for recognition. They successfully divided good and bad beans. The false‐positive rate was 0.1007, and the overall coffee bean recognition rate was 93%.
A 330μm×90μm opto-electronically integrated wireless system-on-chip for recording of neural activities

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Recording neural activity in live animals in vivo poses several challenges. Electrical techniques typically require electrodes to be tethered to the outside world directly via a wire, or indirectly via an RF Coil [1], which is much larger than the electrodes themselves. Tethered implants result in residual motion between neurons and electrodes as the brain moves, and limits our ability to measure from peripheral nerves in moving animals, especially in smaller organisms such as zebra fish or fruit flies. On the other hand, optical techniques, which are becoming increasingly powerful, are nonetheless often limited to subsets of neurons in any given organism, impeded by scattering of the excitation light and emitted fluorescence, and limited to low temporal resolution [2]. Here we present the electronics for an untethered electrode unit, powered by, and communicating through a microscale optical interface, combining many benefits of optical techniques with high temporal-resolution recording of electrical signals.
The Beginning of the Poem: The Epigraph

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Theoretically, a poem can begin in any way. What does it mean that in practice, poems often begin in a particular way—that is, by returning to a fragment of some prior thing? We see this in the encore of John Milton’s opening to Lycidas (‘Yet once more, O ye laurels, and once more’); differently, we see this in the widely used convention of the poetic epigraph (for instance, T. S. Eliot’s ‘The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock’ begins with six lines from Dante’s Inferno). While there is an established model for understanding the beginning as an act that invokes poetic precedent, this paper seeks to expose the beginning’s logic of return to a broader sense of language that is beyond the remit of poetic tradition as such. With a focus on the epigraph, this paper thinks about the everyday existence of poems and about how this existence relates to ordinary language, asking, how do these different modes of language function together? How does ordinary language collude in the creation of poetry? In its enactment of the passage of language from one mode of existence to another, the beginning of a poem might offer some answers to these questions.
Media coverage and public opinion of hosting a women’s football mega-event: the English bid for UEFA Women’s Euro 2022

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

For the second time in history, England was announced as the host for the 13th edition of the UEFA Women's Euro by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA). This study aims to analyse media coverage and public opinion of England's host bid and the country's choice as hosts of the UEFA Women's Euro 2022. This research was based on a content analysis of the English newspapers The Guardian, The Sun, and The Times regarding the media, and the social media Twitter to analyse public opinion. After applying filters, we analysed 65 news reports and 480 Twitter interactions. Thus, investigating these two different views on the same subject, we noted a relative consonance of positions: expectations for the organisation of the tournament, the success of the English team and the development of women's football, and criticism of the regional distribution of the games and the use of modest stadiums.
Chorology: On Beginning in Plato's Timaeus

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Prologue 1. Remembrance of the City Reception The Eidetic City The Archaic City 2. Production of the Cosmos Prelude Animating the cosmic body The Starry Heaven Gods and Mortals 3. The Chora Another Beginning Images of the Chora Chorology 4. Traces of the Chora From Traces to Primary Bodies Epichorology The Political Frame 5. Reinscriptions Forgery Reductions Appropriation
Nonlinear vibration analysis of delaminated composite plate structures in supersonic flow

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper concerns the nonlinear vibration analysis of thin laminated plate-like composite airfoils subjected to supersonic flow with the presence of delamination by modelling thin airfoils as plate structures. This study provides an adequate finite element family for modelling the fluid-solid interaction which is developed by employing the first-order shear deformable plate theory with the concept of two equivalent single layers. The aerodynamic pressure is described by adopting the so-called piston theory. Since the mechanical response of these structures is moderately nonlinear, the von Karman nonlinear strains are used to model the nonlinear behaviour. The developed finite element model is verified by applying it to intact structures and comparing the results to a well-known semi-analytical solution. Considering the size, location and depth of the delamination as stability parameters, different stability maps are generated by carrying out the linear stability analysis of the investigated structures. In accordance with the stability maps, the nonlinear vibrations are examined in particular cases including stable and unstable scenarios. To reduce the time consumption and CPU requirement of the computations, an improved Newmark direct time-integration scheme is developed with an iterative predictor-corrector procedure.
Effects of Essential Amino Acid Supplementation on Muscular Adaptations to 3 Weeks of Combined Unilateral Glenohumeral & Radiohumeral Joints Immobilisation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Effects of Essential Amino Acid Supplementation on Muscular Adaptations to 3 Weeks of Combined Unilateral Glenohumeral & Radiohumeral Joints Immobilisation Short-term immobilisation results in a decrease in muscle size and strength. Ingestion of essential amino-acids (EAAs) stimulates net protein synthesis and supplementation is shown to improve lean body mass, strength and physical function, even without exercise. This study set out to determine whether EAA supplementation would attenuate immobilisation-induced changes in muscle characteristics.We conclude that EAA supplementation impacts positively on the immobilisation-induced changes in the structural and functional characteristic of the remaining muscle. Our findings are relevant to both sporting (e.g. off-season detraining
[miR-146a-3p is down-regulated and IL-17 is up-regulated in peripheral blood CD4+ T cells of children with neonatal sepsis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the expression of microRNA-146a-3p(miR-146a-3p) and interleukin 17 (IL-17) in peripheral blood CD4+ T cells of neonates with sepsis (NS) and its regulation mechanism. Methods The expression of miR-146a-3p and IL-17 mRNA in CD4+ T cells of 66 children with sepsis (septicemia group), 40 children with infectious diseases (infection group), and 40 healthy newborns (control group) were detected by real-time quantitative PCR, and the level of IL-17 in peripheral blood was detected by ELISA. The targeting effect of the miR-146a-3p on IL-17 was verified by the dual luciferase reporter assay. After isolation of the CD4+ T cells, the expression of miR-146a-3p in CD4+ T cells was promoted or inhibited by miR-146a-3p mimic or miR-146a-3p inhibitor. The proportion of Th17 cells was detected by flow cytometry, and the methylation of miR-146a-3p gene was detected by methylation specific PCR. The changes of Th17 cell proportion and IL-17 expression were observed after adding methylation inhibitor 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC) to CD4+ T cells. Results Compared with those in the infection group and the control group, the expression of miR-146a-3p in peripheral blood CD4+ T cells decreased, while the expression of IL-17 mRNA and the level of IL-17 in peripheral blood increased in septicemia group. Transfection of miR-146a-3p mimic in CD4+ T cells significantly inhibited the activity of wild-type luciferase in the 3'UTR of IL-17. After transfection of miR-146a-3p mimic, the expression of IL-17 mRNA in CD4+ T cells, and the level of IL-17 and the proportion of Th17 cells in the supernatant were significantly decreased. After transfection of miR-146a-3p inhibitor, the expression of IL-17 mRNA, and the level of IL-17 and the proportion of Th17 cells in the supernatant were increased. The methylation rate of miR-146a-3p gene promoter in the peripheral blood of the septicemia group was significantly higher than those of the control group and the infection group. After the addition of 5-Aza-dC in CD4+ T cells, the expression of miR-146a-3p was increased and the expression of IL-17 mRNA was decreased, and in the supernatant, the level of IL-17 was decreased and the proportion of Th17 cells was significantly reduced. Conclusion The expression of miR-146a-3p is down-regulated and the expression of IL-17 is up-regulated in peripheral blood CD4+ T cells of children with neonatal sepsis.
Dichlorotetrakis(3-hydroxypyridine-κN)nickel(II)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In the title complex, [NiCl2(C5H5NO)4], the NiII atom lies on a special position with twofold rotation symmetry and assumes an elongated octahedral NiN4Cl2 configuration defined by two Cl− ions occupying the axial sites [Ni—Cl = 2.4953 (8) Å] and four N atoms of 3-hydroxy­pyridine ligands in the equatorial plane [average Ni—N = 2.119 (2) Å]. A two-dimensional hydrogen-bonding framework is formed by O—H⋯Cl interactions.
Dopamine D5Receptors in Nucleus Accumbens Contribute to the Detection of Cocaine in Rats

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Dopamine D(1)/D(5) receptor antagonism has been shown to block the euphoric and stimulatory effects of cocaine in humans and rats. In the present study, rats trained to discriminate the presence of cocaine (10 mg/kg) from its absence were used to analyze the functional contribution of D(1) (D(1)R) versus D(5) (D(5)R) receptors in the nucleus accumbens, an important neural site for the actions of cocaine. Bilateral microinfusion into the nucleus accumbens of an antisense oligonucleotide directed at the D(5)R (0. 75 nmol/0.3 microl per side, two times per day for 3 d) elicited a downward shift in the dose-effect curve for cocaine with a suppression of peak efficacy; the dose of cocaine estimated to elicit 50% drug-lever responding (ED(50)) was 6.71 mg/kg when assessed 12 hr after the D(5)R antisense oligonucleotide compared to the control ED(50) of 1.83 mg/kg and to the ED(50) of 1.75 mg/kg established 7 d after the last D(5)R antisense oligonucleotide infusion. The D(1)R antisense and scrambled oligonucleotide (0.75 nmol/0.3 microl per side, two times per day for 3 d) were both ineffective. Thus, using drug discrimination techniques that model the subjective effects of cocaine, we show that responsiveness to cocaine is dramatically attenuated after interference with the process of translation of the D(5)R mRNA to its protein product. These findings suggest that D(5)R is a functionally important target site for the indirect actions of cocaine and that rigorous investigations of the function of D(5)R may help guide the discovery of strategies for pharmacotherapy in cocaine dependence.
Dynamics of Young Indian Consumers’ Buying Behaviour Towards Branded Apparels: Gender Perspective

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Consumer market for fashion apparel has become more varied by in surge of designer brands, store brands, personalization and advertisements in the global market place of today. There is an increase in positive attitude towards western brands. Over the past decade, the fashion industry has gone through some major structural changes. This study examines the insights of gender perspective and throws light on shopping habits, brand awareness, brand preference of young consumers in the apparels segment. It focusses on the differences in the shopping orientations of male and female shoppers with respect to the various buying behaviour dimensions divided into five attributes i.e. Store Attributes, Product attributes, Reference Groups, Consumer characteristics and Promotional factors.The results gathered can be a useful ingredient for the marketer to strategize on the basis of gender perspective.