jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Description of elastic polarized-deuteron scattering in the optical model with Skyrme forces

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Microscopic deuteron-nucleus optical potential was constructed on the basis of the nucleon-nucleus optical potentials recently obtained by the authors from approximate calculations of the mass operator of the single-particle Green function using the Skyrme forces, which in general involve additional density- and momentum-dependent terms. Both the nucleon- and deuteron-nucleus elastic scattering processes are described in a self-consistent approach using the effective nucleon-nucleon forces, which simultaneously provide a satisfactory description of nuclear structure. The calculations performed using the Watanabe-type approximation have made it possible to obtain reasonable results for describing differential cross sections and polarization observables for the elastic deuteron scattering in a wide range of target-nucleus mass numbers at different incident deuteron energies, when using several Skyrme-force variants both from literature and proposed by the authors. Contributions to elastic deuteron-nucleus scattering cross sections coming from the effects of deuteron virtual breakup have been estimated in the continuum-discretized coupled channels approach.
Particulate Organic Carbon Patterns in a Mainstem Reservoir, Kentucky Lake, USA

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Particulate carbon was measured spatially and temporally in the mainstem and embayments of Kentucky Lake U.S.A., the largest reservoir on the Tennessee River system. Samples were collected on pre-combusted glass fiber filters and particulate carbon and nitrogen determined with a CHN analyzer. An annual cycle was observed in the reservoir mainstem where peak particulate concentrations occurred primarily during the summer (with a yearly average 629 μg C·L−1). Concentrations of particulate carbon in embayments correlated with differential land-use practices on either side of the reservoir. Primarily agricultural western side embayments had elevated particulate carbon concentrations (1062 μg C·L−1). Forested eastern side embayments had average particulate carbon concentrations (736 μg C·L−1) that were more comparable to the mainstem. Contributions to summer POC in the reservoir mainstem were mainly from autochthonous sources, while contributions from upstream allochthonous sources were dominant during the winter.
The Formal Absolute in the Visual Music Film

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The universal language of absolute music not only provided the ideal paradigm for the visual music film, but the late-nineteenth-century formalist debate in music over absolute and programme music also established a theoretical precedent for the public discourse on visual music after 1900. The visual music makers were inspired by the rhetoric and metaphor of music. Drawing on the Romantic ideal of absolute music as the supreme universal language, the visual music filmmakers initially looked at the paradigm of absolute music to give a structure to their work and subsequently for spiritual expression. Two distinct categories of the absolute emerged, the formal absolutism of Hanslick and the spiritual absolutism of Romantic author and critic E. T. A. Hoffmann. According to William Moritz, the term absolute was first appropriated from music and applied to the visual music films of Hans Richter, Viking Eggeling and Walter Ruttmann by critics in the 1920s.91 For the purposes of this book I wish to extend this analogy further by incorporating the categories of the formal absolute and spiritual absolute as developed by musical theorists. Thus, I will draw on these two categories as a theoretical framework with which to explore the visual music film.
A Retrospective on Information, Strategy, and Economics: After 20 Years at HICSS, What Have We Learned about IT and Strategy?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In its twenty years the mini-track on information, strategy, and economics has made considerable progress in developing theory that can serve as the basis for decision-making when managers face ambiguous and uncertain problems in an unfamiliar and rapidly changing environment. Just as scientists in other disciplines use experience and a small set of paradigmatic problems to structure unfamiliar situations, information strategy and economics provides its own set of paradigms to guide and structure the use of experience in managerial settings
Is qSOFA score useful to determine proper place of hospitalization in CAP?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: One of the most important parts of severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treatment is the proper hospitalization place choice. The new qSOFA score for sepsis evaluation could be an important instrument to prognose the ICU stay and mortality. Aim. The aim was to investigate clinical value of qSOFA score in patients with severe CAP to determine proper hospitalization place. Methods: 112 patients with severe CAP were examined in 3 training clinical hospitals in Chita in 2015-2016 years. The severity of CAP was assessed using Russian Respiratory Society (RRS) scale according to ERS recommendations. The qSOFA score was performed in all patients on admission retrospectively. For statistical analysis the x2 criteria, Fisher criteria and the odds ratio (OR) were used. Results: Of all considered patients 76 (group I) had qSOFA points less than 2. 36 patients (group II) had qSOFA score points 2 or more. In the group I 46 patients (60,5%) had to transfer to ICU in the first 24 hr. In the group II 34 patients (94,4%) were transferred to ICU. The differences between ICU admission frequency were significantly different in the considered groups (x2=13,77, p<0,01), the OR of ICU admission in qSOFA≥2 group was 11,09 [2,48; 49,61]. The patients from group II also had greater mortality and the duration of ICU stay. Table1. qSOFA score points in severe CAP. Conclusion:. New qSOFA score could be used not only in accessing sepsis to prognose clinical outcomes but also to choose a place of hospitalization in severe CAP.
Seabed classification and source localization with Gaussian processes and machine learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Workshop ’97 data are employed for seabed classification and source range estimation. The data are acoustic fields computed at vertically separated receivers for various ranges and three different environments. Gaussian Processes are applied for denoising the data and predicting the field at virtual receivers, sampling the water column densely within the array aperture. The enhanced fields are then used in combination with machine learning in order to map the signals to one of 15 sediment-range classes (corresponding to three environments and five ranges). The classification results after using Gaussian Processes for denoising are superior to those when noisy workshop data are employed.
Hepatic OATP1B zonal distribution: Implications for rifampicin‐mediated drug–drug interactions explored within a PBPK framework

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract OATP1B facilitates the uptake of xenobiotics into hepatocytes and is a prominent target for drug–drug interactions (DDIs). Reduced systemic exposure of OATP1B substrates has been reported following multiple‐dose rifampicin; one explanation for this observation is OATP1B induction. Non‐uniform hepatic distribution of OATP1B may impact local rifampicin tissue concentrations and rifampicin‐mediated protein induction, which may affect the accuracy of transporter‐ and/or metabolizing enzyme‐mediated DDI predictions. We incorporated quantitative zonal OATP1B distribution data from immunofluorescence imaging into a PBPK modeling framework to explore rifampicin interactions with OATP1B and CYP substrates. PBPK models were developed for rifampicin, two OATP1B substrates, pravastatin and repaglinide (also metabolized by CYP2C8/CYP3A4), and the CYP3A probe, midazolam. Simulated hepatic uptake of pravastatin and repaglinide increased from the periportal to the pericentral region (approximately 2.1‐fold), consistent with OATP1B distribution data. Simulated rifampicin unbound intracellular concentrations increased in the pericentral region (1.64‐fold) compared to simulations with uniformly distributed OATP1B. The absolute average fold error of the rifampicin PBPK model for predicting substrate maximal concentration ( C max ) and area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) ratios was 1.41 and 1.54, respectively (nine studies). In conclusion, hepatic OATP1B distribution has a considerable impact on simulated zonal substrate uptake clearance values and simulated intracellular perpetrator concentrations, which regulate transporter and metabolic DDIs. Additionally, accounting for rifampicin‐mediated OATP1B induction in parallel with inhibition improved model predictions. This study provides novel insight into the effect of hepatic OATP1B distribution on site‐specific DDI predictions and the impact of accounting for zonal transporter distributions within PBPK models.
MIGRATION PATTERNS AMONG YOUNG ADULTS IN THE UNITED STATES: ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, AND ECONOMIC EXPLANATIONS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Young adult migration is a key factor in community development. The goal of this paper is to study what kinds of places attract young adults and what kinds are losing them. Linear regression is conducted to analyze what place-specific factors explain migration patterns among young adults. These factors include economic, social, and environmental variables. This study finds that social and environmental factors are just as important as economic ones. Specifically, employment in the arts increases young adult net migration. Environmental variables, for example, natural amenities and protected federal lands are particularly important in rural settings in attracting young adults. These findings suggest that policy makers interested in attracting and retaining young adults should pay closer attention to social and environmental factors and consider creating more opportunities for arts employment in general. For rural areas, improving the attractiveness of natural amenities and better protection of federal lands is also recommended.
Caveolae-mediated endocytosis of VLDL-sized emulsion particles in macrophages requires NPC1 and STARD3 for further lysosomal processing

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants contribute to atherosclerosis, possibly by carrying remnant cholesterol and/or by exerting a pro-inflammatory effect on macrophages. Nevertheless, little is known about how macrophages process triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. We show that uptake by macrophages of VLDL-sized emulsion particles is dependent on the enzyme lipoprotein lipase via its C-terminal domain. Subsequent internalization of VLDL-triglycerides by macrophages is carried out by caveolae-mediated endocytosis, followed by hydrolysis by lysosomal acid lipase. STARD3 is required for the transfer of lysosomal fatty acids to the ER for lipid storage, while NPC1 likely is involved in promoting the extracellular efflux of fatty acids. Our data provide novel insights into how macrophages process VLDL-derived triglycerides and suggest that macrophages have the remarkable capacity to excrete internalized triglycerides as fatty acids. Overall design: Mouse RAW 246.7 macrophages were exposed to 1 mM artifical VLDL- (VLDLsep) and chylomicron-sized emulsion particles (CHYLsep) for 6 hrs, whereafter gene expression was profiled by RNA-sequencing.
Effects of RDL GABA Receptor Point Mutants on Susceptibility to Meta-Diamide and Isoxazoline Insecticides in Drosophila melanogaster

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Ionotropic γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in insects, specifically those composed of the RDL (resistant to dieldrin) subunit, serve as important targets for commonly used synthetic insecticides. These insecticides belong to various chemical classes, such as phenylpyrazoles, cyclodienes, meta-diamides, and isoxazolines, with the latter two potentially binding to the transmembrane inter-subunit pocket. However, the specific amino acid residues that contribute to the high sensitivity of insect RDL receptors to these novel insecticides remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the susceptibility of seven distinct Drosophila melanogaster Rdl point mutants against four meta-diamide and isoxazoline insecticides: isocycloseram, fluxametamide, fluralaner, and broflanilide. Our findings indicate that, despite exhibiting increased sensitivity to fluralaner in vitro, the RdlI276C mutant showed resistance to isocycloseram and fluxametamide. Similarly, the double-points mutant RdlI276F+G279S also showed decreased sensitivity to the tested isoxazolines. On the other hand, the RdlG335M mutant displayed high levels of resistance to all tested insecticides. Molecular modeling and docking simulations further supported these findings, highlighting similar binding poses for these insecticides. In summary, our research provides robust in vivo evidence supporting the idea that the inter-subunit amino acids within transmembrane M1 and M3 domains form the binding site crucial for meta-diamide and isoxazoline insecticide interactions. This study highlights the complex interplay between mutations and insecticide susceptibility, paving the way for more targeted pest control strategies.
On the Construction of Nonsingular Pre-Big-Bang and Ekpyrotic Cosmologies and the Resulting Density Perturbations

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We consider the construction of nonsingular Pre-Big-Bang and Ekpyrotic type cosmological models realized by the addition to the action of specific higher-order terms stemming from quantum corrections. We study models involving general relativity coupled to a single scalar field with a potential motivated by the Ekpyrotic scenario. We find that the inclusion of the string loop and quantum correction terms in the string frame makes it possible to obtain solutions of the variational equations which are nonsingular and bouncing in the Einstein frame, even when a negative exponential potential is present, as is the case in the Ekpyrotic scenario. We analyze the spectra of perturbations produced during the bouncing phase and find that the spectrum of curvature fluctuations in the model proposed originally to implement the Ekpyrotic scenario has a large blue tilt ($n_R= 3$). Except for instabilities introduced on small scales, the result agrees with what is obtained by imposing continuity of the induced metric and of the extrinsic curvature across a constant scalar field (up to $k^2$ corrections equal to the constant energy density) matching surface between the contracting and the expanding Einstein Universes. We also discuss nonsingular cosmological solutions obtained when a Gauss-Bonnet term with a coefficient suitably dependent on the scalar matter field is added to the action in the Einstein frame with a potential for the scalar field present.
Protocol for development of zygotic embryos in vitro and acclimatization of Dragon’s Blood plantlets

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Dragon's blood, native species from South America, has therapeutic properties scientifically proved. This study had the objective of developing a protocol for in vitro establishment and plantlets acclimatization from zygotic embryos, since researches with species are incipient. Culture media (MS, WPM, QL and N6) were assessed, without and with activated charcoal (2 g L-1). It was observed the percentage of developed embryos from 83% to 100% and the effect of medium composition for plant height and leaf number in vitro. The plantlets were acclimatized with 100% of survival rate, and for treatments from in vitro culture only the culture medium influenced diameter and plant height. The WPM and QL formulations without activated charcoal are indicated for in vitro culture of embryos and acclimatization of Dragon blood. The suggested methodology represents an important strategy for reproduction, physiological study and preservation of species.
Novel Extraction for Endocrine Disruptors in Atmospheric Particulate Matter

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

AbstractA rapid and efficient sample preparation method, which is called microwave-assisted microsolid phase extraction, was developed for the determination of endocrine disrupting chemicals in atmospheric particulate matter. The endocrine disrupting chemicals included bisphenol A, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. The endocrine disrupting chemicals were isolated by microwave-assisted extraction following adsorption by copper(II) isonicotinate using microsolid phase extraction. The endocrine disrupting chemicals were subsequently determined by high performance liquid chromatography with an ultraviolet detector. The extraction was optimized for temperature, time, desorption time, and desorption solvent. Limits of detection (in the range of 2.0–8.5 nanograms per liter), limits of quantification (in the range of 6.6–28.0 nanograms per liter), and repeatability of the procedure (less than 10 percent) were established. Diethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were determined at values from 0.57 to 68.8 nanograms per cubic meter in atmospheric particulate matter collected from an urban area, a business center, and an industrial site in Dongguan, China. The concentration of bisphenol A was below the detection limit in these samples.Keywords: Bisphenol ADi(2-ethylhexyl) phthalateDibutyl phthalate (diethyl phthalate)Diethyl phthalateMicrowave-assisted micro-solid phase extraction
A multiple screening clinic.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Acheson et al. (1963) have suggested criteria for selection of diseases suitable for presymptomatic diagnosis.The tests used must be simple, quick, reliable, and readily acceptable, and the condition subsequently discovered should prove amenable to treatment.In many areas screening tests for single diseases or groups of diseases are now widely applied: such techniques as mass radiography in adults, tests for phenylketonuria in infants, and pure-tone audiometry in schoolchildren have gained general acceptance.A few authorities have successfully conducted examinations of large populations for other conditions, such as diabetes.When two screening tests were offered together (Donaldson and Connolly, 1963) the public response was greater than could have been expected for either test alone.It was therefore decided to offer a battery of five tests, to detect chest diseases, diabetes, anaemia, deafness, and cervical carcinoma.Rotherham is a compact town with a population of 86,510, the main industry being steel production.A suite of rooms in the centrally situated town hall was used.Publicity, mainly directed at young and middle-aged adults, was confined to the two weeks immediately preceding the clinic, which was open for six consecutive days in the afternoon and evening.Only the age groups considered to be mainly at risk were encouraged to take the individual tests.These were listed as follows: anaemia, all ages ; diabetes, all ages ; chest x-ray, over 15 ; hearing, 15 to 60 ; cervical cancer, parous women aged 30-60.Quite clearly, it would be a waste of effort if conditions discovered were already known to the family doctor.
Analysis of alkaloids in Ipecacuanhae radix and preparations by capillary zone electrophoresis

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A capillary zone electrophoresis method for quantitation of the alkaloids emetine and cephaeline in Ipecacuanhae radix fluid extract and Ipecac syrup using papaverine as internal standard is described. Baseline separation was achieved within 10 min using a fused silica capillary and a running electrolyte consisting of citric acid (50 mM), disodium hydrogenphosphate (100 mM), and 2.5% methanol (pH 4.4). Regression equations revealed a linear response from 0.05 to 1.9 mg/mL for cephaeline and emetine (correlation coefficients 0.9991–0.9993). The lowest quantitation limits were determined as 0.03 mg/mL for both alkaloids, and the limit of detection was 0.012 mg/mL. The day‐to‐day variations of retention times were < 1.3% for both compounds. Whereas no sample pre‐treatment was necessary for analysis of the fluid extract, SPE had to be applied before CE analysis of the syrup. The recovery rate for emetine in this case was > 99.8%.
Fundamental Analysis in China: An Empirical Study of the Relationship\n between Financial Ratios and Stock Prices

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The informational context is regularly questioned in a transitional economic\nregime like the one implemented in China or Vietnam. This article investigates\nthis issue and the predictive power of fundamental analysis in such context and\nmore precisely in a Chinese context with an analysis of 3 different industries\n(media, power, and steel). Through 3 different kinds of correlation, we examine\n25 financial determinants for 60 Chinese listed companies between 2011 and\n2015. Our results show that fundamental analysis can effectively be used as an\ninvestment tool in transitional economic context. Contrasting with the EMH for\nwhich the accounting information is instantaneously integrated into the\nfinancial information (stock prices), our study suggests that these two levels\nof information are not synchronized in China opening therefore a door for a\nfundamental analysis based prediction. Furthermore, our results also indicate\nthat accounting information illustrates quite well the economic reality since\nfinancial reports in each industry can disclose a part of stock value\ninformation in line with the economic situation of the industry under\nconsideration.
The Biafran War According to Hollywood: Militainment and Historical Distortion in Antoine Fuqua’s <i>Tears of the Sun</i> (2003)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Negative imaging of Africa through the “Dark Continent” trope continues unabated in western written and visual representation, but while colonial historiography has been successfully challenged by various professional historians in the continent like Ade Ajayi, Ali Mazrui, Adu Boahen, Bethwell Allan Ogot and J. Ki-Zerbo among others, and most contemporary historical literature no longer entertain such biases, the same cannot be said of cultural productions on Africa emanating from the West. The negative representation of Africa has persisted in Western literature and more especially in western film through to the post-colonial era via instruments of Euro-American cultural imperialism like Hollywood, and the Western media at large. This paper focuses on the filmic reconstruction of the Biafran War in Tears of the Sun (2003) by director Antoine Fuqua, and shows how the film distorts Nigerian history while adhering to the militainment genre to glorify the United States military at the expense of Nigeria’s image.Key words: Hollywood, Biafra, Colonialism, Representation, Historiography,Distortion
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of a hybrid blackberry (Rubus spp.) cultivar

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Blackberry (Rubus spp.) is an important hybrid fruit crop popular in the US Pacific Northwest and the European region with complex origins. In this study, we report the complete chloroplast genome sequence of a hybrid blackberry cultivar ‘Arapohol’ using next-generation sequencing technology. The complete chloroplast genome size is 156,621 bp. The genome contains 134 genes, including 40 tRNA genes, 86 protein-coding genes, and 8 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on 11 complete chloroplast genomes revealed that taxa is closely related to Rubus niveus. The complete chloroplast genome of this Rubus sp. provides valuable information for understanding the origination of this crop species.