jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Temperature affects male and female potential reproductive rates differently in the sex-role reversed pipefish, Syngnathus typhle

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The differences in potential reproductive rate between the sexes can be used to predict the operational sex ratio and the patterns and intensity of mating competition and hence sexual selection in a population. This article describes how one environmental component, temperature, affects potential reproductive rates of the two sexes in the paternally brooding, sex-role reversed pipefish (Syngnathus typhle). Males brooded embryos much longer (on average 58 days) in cold water (about 10°C) than in warmer water (35 days at about 15°C). As a consequence, the potential reproductive rate (number of eggs brooded per day) of males was significantly higher in warm water. In females, however, potential reproductive rate, i.e., number of eggs produced per day given an unlimited access to mates, was not significantly different between temperatures. In both sexes, potential reproductive rate was positively related to body size. At both temperatures, females had the potential to reproduce faster than males. As a result, the operational sex ratio will become female biased and sex-roles reversed, as is the case in this species. Since temperature differently influenced the potential reproductive rates of males and females, with the sexual difference larger at lower temperatures, more intense female-female competition is predicted at low temperatures.
Fluoroquinolone Induced Movement Disorders: Case Report and Literature Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Movement disorders are a very rare adverse effect of fluoroquinolones. The mechanism involves inhibition of GABA-A-receptors as well as activation of the excitatory NMDA receptors. This is thought to induce a hyperexcitable neuronal state. A literature review suggests this is a class effect and occurs shortly after initiation and resolves within a few days of discontinuation. Case Presentation: A 62-year-old man with Campylobacter jejuni was treated with levofloxacin. The patient had normal liver enzymes and serum creatinine. Two hours after the initial dose of levofloxacin it was noted that the patient neck would shake and turn to the left and his right arm would abduct at the shoulder and flex at the elbow. The movements would occur every 1 to 2 minutes. There was muscle fasciculations in the bicep and forearm of the right arm briefly after the neck movement. The patient was given diphenhydramine 25 mg IV x 1 dose and within 20 minutes there was a reduction in the abnormal movements. Within 24 hours the movement disorder had completely resolved. Conclusion: The case presented and literature review summarizes the data on fluoroquinolone induced movement disorders.
Contravariant pairings between standard Whittaker modules and Verma modules

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We classify contravariant pairings between standard Whittaker modules and Verma modules over a complex semisimple Lie algebra. These contravariant pairings are useful in extending several classical techniques for category O to the Miličić–Soergel category N. We introduce a class of costandard modules which generalize dual Verma modules, and describe canonical maps from standard to costandard modules in terms of contravariant pairings. We show that costandard modules have unique irreducible submodules and share the same composition factors as the corresponding standard Whittaker modules. We show that costandard modules give an algebraic characterization of the global sections of costandard twisted Harish-Chandra sheaves on the associated flag variety, which are defined using holonomic duality of D-modules. We prove that with these costandard modules, blocks of category N have the structure of highest weight categories and we establish a BGG reciprocity theorem for N.
The Significance of the Táin in the Promotion of Cultural Nationalism with Particular Reference to Two Musical Compositions Inspired by Thomas Kinsella’s 1969 Translation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This interdisciplinary discussion explores cultural nationalism across the creative arts in relation to the significance of the ancient saga, the Táin. Thomas Kinsella’s 1969 translation of Táin Bó Cuailnge [Brown Bull of Cooley] has proved to be a key post-Revival literary source from the ancient manuscripts of Ireland, as it has prompted renewed interest in the saga. Various creative artists have engaged with the Táin as a result of this translation, thereby contributing to a novel movement toward Irish cultural nationalism. The paper compares two Táin-inspired compositions by James Wilson and Aloys Fleischmann as each composer’s musical language yields insight into prevailing attitudes in Irish society towards the end of the 20th century.
-147-VENTRICULAR WALL MOTION AND FUNCTION DURING RIGHT VENTRICULAR FREE WALL ISCHEMIA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

at the moderate flow reduction uf apptox.5U mlfmimlleegLV.Therefore, we concluded that the myeeardial vtscosity played an independent and impertant role in myocardial ischemia.1) Y. KelWA et.al.
Study on Seed Testing Rules of Ampelopsis delavayana

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Objective The aim of this study was to study the seed testing rules of Ampelopsis delavayana and to provide a basis for quality standard of A.delavayana. Methods Referring to the rules for agricultural seed testing, the seed quality of A.delavayana was measured. Result The samples weight of A.delavayana for purity analysis were at least 50 g. Verification of genuineness was assayed by seed appearance. Seed weight was determined by per hundred seeds, the 1 000-grain weight was 26.8 ~ 30.8 g. The moisture content test was carried out by high temperature drying method(4 hours), the moisture content was 9.1% ~ 11.3%. Seed viability was tested by TTC method, the TTC concentration was 0.03%,the temperature was 30 and the dyeing time was 18 h, the seed viability was 85.3% ~ 96.0%. The germination rate was measured by sand bed at 20 for 12 h, the germination rate was 66.7% ~ 87.8%. Conclusion This procedure applies to test the seed of A.delavayana.
Identification of unique tRNA-specific effects of tRNA modifying enzymes on 5-fluorouracil toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

tRNA acetyltransferase 1 (Tan1), methyltransferase 1 (Trm1), and pseudouridine synthase 1 (Pus1) are three highly conserved tRNA-modifying enzymes that lack phenotypes when deleted on their own in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under normal growth conditions. However, each of these S. cerevisiae knockout strains exhibits heightened sensitivity to stress induced by growth in the presence of the chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil (5FU), resulting in a growth defect. Since each of these enzymes modifies substrate tRNAs at locations outside of the anticodon loop, we hypothesized that destabilization of one or more hypomodified tRNAs in these deletion strains is the reason for increased 5FU cytotoxicity and that certain tRNA species may be more affected than others by the missing modifications. This hypothesis is consistent with the trend followed by the previously characterized 5FU sensitivity of m1G9 methyltransferase Trm10, which modifies a range of tRNAs in yeast but plays a biologically important role for one of these substrates, tRNATrp. Here, I show that in tan1Δ strains lacking the 12th position N-4-acetylcytidine (ac4C12) modification, individual overexpression of only two of the six hypomodified Tan1 substrates, tRNASer(CGA) and tRNASer(UGA), suppresses hypersensitivity to 5FU, indicating another example of a modification present in several tRNAs but only biologically essential for a subset of these species. Correspondingly, the same two tRNAs (tRNASer(CGA) and tRNASer(UGA)) also rescued growth hypersensitivity of the trm1Δ strain to 5FU, while the 16 other Trm1 substrate tRNAs for m22G26 dimethylation in S. cerevisiae did not. However, overexpressing any individual tRNA substrate did not suppress the toxicity of 5FU in pus1Δ strains lacking pseudouridylation by Pus1. To identify the quality control pathway encountered by hypomodified tRNASer(CGA) and tRNASer(UGA), an enzyme related to sensing several such pathways was deleted in combination with Tan1 and arrested the 5FU-induced growth defect. The effects of modification by Tan1 on tRNA stability were also examined with northern blotting, which revealed that these tRNAs are subject to a distinct mechanism of quality control from that which had previously been implicated after the loss of the m1G9 modification. Moreover, the specific genes related to decay of these hypomodified tRNAs remain undetermined, as well as how 5FU toxicity specifically impacts different small non-coding RNAs. Such studies have important implications for elucidating the biological impact of these highly conserved tRNA modifications.
The pit and the pendulum: Some reflections on ‘New music’, musicology and current performance practice

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Current musicology is reluctant to apply its methods to either the repertoire or the performance practice of contemporary music. One likely consequence is the loss of knowledge concerning twentieth-century performance practice. Moreover, the widespread failure of ‘traditional musicologists’ to integrate the recent past into the overall framework of their discipline is arguably a contributory factor to the alienation of new music from its public, and may profoundly affect the general standing of music as an art form within Western culture.
Control of Green Cloverworms in Soybeans at Tallassee, Ala., 1987

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract This test was conducted on soybeans planted at the : Auburn University plant breeding unit. Seven treatments and an untreated control were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each 0.011-acre plot was 4 rows wide (36-inch row spacing) and 40 ft long. Plots were separated by a 2-row mowed alley, and replicates were separated by a 25- ft mowed alley. Treatments were applied on 24 Aug using a tractor-mounted boom sprayer equipped with 3 TX-3 hollow-cone nozzles/row operating at 40 psi and delivering 8 gal/acre. Green cloverworm larvae were sampled by placing a standard 3-ft beat sheet between the rows and beating both rows. Two samples from each plot were taken prior to treatment application and at 3 and 7 days posttreatment (27 and 31 Aug).
Effects of sterol structure on insect herbivore physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sterols serve two important biological functions in animals - they act as cellular membrane components, and as the precursor to steroid hormones. Insects require a dietary source of sterol because they cannot synthesize sterols de novo. Cholesterol is the most common sterol in plant-feeding insects, but because plants contain very little cholesterol, plant-feeding insects must convert plant sterols into cholesterol. In this dissertation I investigate the effect of common and novel plant sterols and steroids found in a transgenic tobacco line on several caterpillar species. I also explore the metabolism of these sterols and steroids, and use a microarray approach to identify genes involved in sterol use and metabolism in plant-feeding insects. I also study cholesterol homeostasis using a grasshopper species.\n\nModified tobacco plants containing a novel sterol profile negatively affected performance three different caterpillar species, especially in the second generation. Insects reared on modified plants contained less total sterols and cholesterol than those on control plants having normal sterol profile. Similar results were found using artificial diets containing atypical steroids, e.g., cholestanol and cholestan-3-one, identified in the tobacco plants that were fed to my experimental caterpillars. More importantly, the sterol/steroid ratio, but not their absolute amount in the diets, determined the negative effects.\n\nCaterpillar species could convert stigmasterol, a common plant sterol, into cholesterol. They could also convert cholestan-3-one into cholestanol and epicholestanol, although this ability varied among different species. A microarray study, that focused on gene expression in midgut tissue, indicated that stigmasterol, cholestanol and cholestan-3-one could induce different gene expression level, and that cholestan-3-one caused a the largest pool of genes to be regulated. The genes possibly involved in the metabolism of stigmasterol and cholestan-3-one were reported. These findings are important in directing further research on the potential application of plant sterol modification to control pests in agricultural systems.\n\nInsect herbivores could behaviorally regulate the intake of several nutrients, but they could not regulate their sterol intake. They did, however, practice cholesterol homeostasis, by postingestively regulating tissue sterol levels, even when feeding on diets with high cholesterol content. Collectively, the results from this dissertation provide unique insight into cholesterol regulation, which is difficult to achieve in mammals that are capable of synthesizing their own sterols.
FIG. 10 in Antaganides n. gen., a new genus of Middle Jurassic nautiloid, ancestor of Pseudaganides Spath, 1927, with discussion on the phyletic origin of the family Pseudonautilidae

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

FIG. 10. — Evolution of the size of the adult shell and phragmocone among the different species of Antaganides n. gen. and Pseudaganides Spath, 1927 for full grown shells.
Perceptual inference and autistic traits

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Autistic people are better at perceiving details. Major theories explain this in terms of bottom-up sensory mechanisms or in terms of top-down cognitive biases. Recently, it has become possible to link these theories within a common framework. This framework assumes that perception is implicit neural inference, combining sensory evidence with prior perceptual knowledge. Within this framework, perceptual differences may occur because of enhanced precision in how sensory evidence is represented or because sensory evidence is weighted much higher than prior perceptual knowledge. In this preliminary study, we compared these models using groups with high and low autistic trait scores (Autism-Spectrum Quotient). We found evidence supporting the cognitive bias model and no evidence for the enhanced sensory precision model.
Tsunami Evacuation Routes Using Network Analysis: A case study in Padang

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Village Pasir Nan Tigo located in the sub-district of Koto Tangah, Padang city. Geographically, the village located in the coastal area and some areas in this village are separated by a river. Topographically, this area is flat, and there are no hills that can be used as a natural shelter. The village located in the Tsunami Inundation Area, where the population in this district should be immediately evacuated to a safe area if there is a tsunami warning from the government or large tsunamigenic earthquakes. However, due to the river that divides some areas, the refugees have to follow the main road in the village along the coastline before turning onto the highway of Padang and move towards a safe zone. The advice from the government is, they must run away from the seashore and get into the safe areas as quickly as possible. In other words, instead of moving towards the east of the city of Padang, the refugees must run to the south of the city. In this context, this study aims at assessing the evacuation route in this area by using Network Analysis. With the objective of reducing the number of fatalities in this village, the shortest path algorithm is applied to analyse the direction of movement, and the travel time communities need to get to a safe area of the tsunami. The results of closest facility analysis and service area analysis show that the horizontal evacuation method for Pasir Nan Tigo populations is ineffective or inaccurate, with the main reason; that the distance is very far. Therefore, the need for a vertical evacuation plan such as building a shelter is highlighted in this paper.
Pharmacological study in vivo of the new topical anti-inflammatory steroid 21-thiol-9 alpha-fluoro-11 beta,17 alpha-dihydroxy-16 alpha-methyl-3,20-dione-21-acetylamino cysteine.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The pharmacological evaluation, using animal models, of 21-thiol-9 alpha-fluoro-11 beta, 17 alpha-dihydroxy-16 alpha-methyl-3,20-dione- 21-acetylamino cysteine (CMJ), a new steroidal anti-inflammatory compound, is reported. The results obtained show a significant anti-inflammatory activity for CMJ. Comparison with dexamethasone indicates that CMJ is about 9 to 10 times less active in vivo. Of particular interest, however, is the dissociation of local and systemic activities of CMJ, since this compound was shown to be practically devoid of systemic activity (about 970 times less active than dexamethasone) after subcutaneous administration in rats. It is therefore expected that the topical use of CMJ in therapy may not cause the side effects provoked by many of the corticosteroids currently used.
Impacts of a daily trap check law on the California ADC program

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Effective January 1, 1990 California law required that all steel-jawed leghold traps be inspected at least daily and all animals in such traps be removed. The inspection and removal could be performed by the individual who set the traps, the landowner, or an agent of either. Prior to the passage of this law, California Animal Damage Control (ADC) personnel were exempt from Department of Fish and Game trap checking regulations. The data suggest that a decrease in trap use occurred after the implementation of the daily trap check. Where the program could effectively substitute other control tools or methods for the leghold trap, impacts to cooperators serviced and coyotes taken per unit of effort were minimal.
[Ultrasonography in rheumatological practice].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Musculoskeletal ultrasonography of the rheumatologist can be useful as a supplement to physical diagnostic assessment or as an aid to diagnostic puncture or therapeutic injection. The essence of musculoskeletal ultrasonography includes visualisation of joints and periarticular structures, muscles, tendons, tendon-sheets and insertions. With ultrasound, punctures, biopsies, and injections can be performed more precisely. A specific ultrasound technique is (color and power) doppler; three-dimensional ultrasonography is a promising new imaging modality. The learning curve of musculoskeletal ultrasonography differs according to indication. Data regarding the validity, reproducibility, sensivity and specificity of ultrasonographic findings are scarce. Further development of guidelines for the use and indications of musculoskeletal ultrasonography is warranted.
ICI Cancellation Techniques Based on Data Repetition for OFDM Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), as a kind of multicarrier technique, has been deemed as the signal waveform for both uplink and downlink transmission for the fifth generation (5G) wireless network. OFDM enjoys free inter-symbol interference (ISI) by converting the broadband channel into multiple orthogonal narrowband subchannels. However, the orthogonality can be easily destroyed by the carrier frequency offset (CFO) and/or Doppler. The breaking of subchannel orthogonality leads to intercarrier interference (ICI), which seriously deteriorates the system performance. This chapter first revisits the principle of OFDM and the impact of ICI on the carrier-to-interference power ratio (CIR) performance of the plain OFDM system, then introduces four effective ICI cancellation schemes without explicitly estimating ICI coefficients based on mirror-mapping rules and their resulting CIR performance, and finally demonstrates the benefits of the four ICI cancellation schemes for OFDM underwater acoustic (UWA) communications that suffers from strong ICI by a sea experiment conducted in Taiwan.
Limit Operation Regimes of Actuators Working on the Principle of Thermoelasticity

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Actuators working on the principle of thermoelasticity exhibit specific properties (particularly very high forces at small shifts) and may be used, for example, as prospective fixing elements in numerous industrial applications. However, huge mechanical strains and stresses in their active structural parts may lead to irreversible damage or even destruction of the whole device. This paper deals with the limit operation regimes of a typical actuator of this kind that are influenced by geometry of the device, materials, and parameters of the field current. The task is solved as a coupled problem where the electromagnetic field is supposed to be independent of the fields of the temperature and mechanical strains and stresses. On the other hand, the two last fields are solved simultaneously. The methodology is illustrated on a typical example.
Automated airway-artery analysis on chest CT confirms positive effect of inhaled hypertonic saline in preschool children with cystic fibrosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The SHIP-CT study compared the effect of inhaled hypertonic saline (HS) vs isotonic saline (IS) on lung structure on CT in preschool children with CF (pCwCF). The manual PRAGMA-CF method showed less airway-related abnormalities in the HS group over 48 weeks. An algorithm was recently developed and validated to automatically quantify dimensions of visible airway and artery (AA) pairs on CT. Objectives: To investigate the effect of inhaled HS on AA-dimensions in pCwCF. Methods: LungQ (v2.1.0.1, Thirona) automatically segmented a bronchial tree and identified segmental (G0) and distal (G1-10) airway generations. For each identified AA-pair, the following dimensions were quantified and analyzed by a mixed-effects model: diameters of airway outer wall (Aout), airway lumen wall (Alumen), airway wall thickness (Awt), artery (A), and AA-ratios: AoutA, AlumenA, and AwtA. Results: In total, 113 baseline and 103 48-week CTs of 115 pCwCF (55 HS, 60 IS) were analyzed. 13,205 AA-pairs were detected in the HS group and 13,480 in the IS group. Baseline characteristics were balanced between groups. At 48 weeks, AwtA was higher in the IS group than for the HS group (mean difference 0.02;95%CI 0.004-0.04; p=0.02); AlumenA and AoutA were not significantly different between groups. A significant change from baseline to 48 weeks in AwtA and AlumenA between groups was observed, favoring the HS group (all p<0.001). Conclusion: The automated AA-analysis detected a large number of AA-pairs and quantified AA-dimensions on CT in pCwCF. A positive effect of inhaled HS at 48 weeks and the progression of airway wall thickness was observed in line with the PRAGMA-CF results.