jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sex reversal in female cannabis plants as a in response to male flowering promoters

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cannabis sativa is a widely studied species and is currently accepted worldwide due to its medicinal properties, especially those conferred to the CBD phytocannabinoid, which is synthesized mainly in the globular trichomes of female flowers. Males are undesirable and rare in commercial plantations; however, they are necessary for breeding programs. This research aimed to evaluate sexual reversion methods in female cannabis plants as a preliminary stage of a plant breeding program. A completely randomized design with eight treatments and four repetitions was used. The treatments consisted of protocols for the sexual reversion of female plants through drip application and foliar spraying of Silver Thiosulfate (STS), Aminoethoxy-vinyl-glycine (AVG), 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), and Gibberellic acid (AG3), plus a control treatment without application. Male flower production was evaluated in female cannabis plants, and pollen viability in male flowers was determined. The AVG treatments applied to the apex by dripping, and the AG3 applied to the foliage in the form of a spray influenced the sexual reversion of female plants and produced a total of 132 and 32 male flowers, respectively, without difference between them (P=0.08383). For AVG dripping, only male flowers were observed at the apex, where the application was made directly. Moreover, STS and 1-MCP did not induce the production of male flowers. The pollen from male plants treated with AG3 in spray, and AVG dripping showed high viability (>50%), contrary to the low viability observed in plants treated with AGC applied in spray. The plants treated with AG3 (spray) were higher due to the elongation of the internodes. The AVG and AG3 compounds are effective in the sexual reversion of female cannabis and generate male flowers with viable pollen.
TRIPLE NEOPLASM- A RARE CASE REPORT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Multiple neoplasms in a single individual is not a common nding. Genetic, environmental, lifestyle and hormonal factors have been implicated in the development of multiple neoplasms. Periampullary carcinoma has been associated with colonic cancer, endometrial cancer, melanoma as a part of syndromic association. Distal cholangiocarcinoma has not been seen associated with any other neoplasms till now in the literature. Here we would like to report a rare case of distal cholangiocarcinoma along with adrenal adenoma and duodenal well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor.
Histories of habitability from the oikoumene to the Anthropocene

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report warns in stark terms that many long inhabited parts of the world are now on course to become uninhabitable. As astronomers continue to search the universe for new habitable planets, it is equally essential to historicize the consequences of changing habitability on this one. This article reviews how scholars have engaged with the widely noted but rarely theorized categories of “habitability” and “uninhabitability.” While tracing longer imperial genealogies, the primary focus is on notions of habitability in relation to European global empires in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and their postcolonial legacies. The article traces three key themes in the literature: that habitability was inherently limited, and beyond those limits allegedly lay uninhabitability; that habitability was differential and that certain places were habitable for some groups but not others (but that this might be changed by technological interventions); and finally, that the limits of habitability were not static, but could change for both better and worse. Here the links between colonialism and ideas of acclimatization, terraforming, “improvement,” deliberate uninhabitability, and an “Anthropocene” have all been central to the literature. These have often been closely associated with insidious forms of environmental determinism, which are taking on new forms in an age of crisis (especially in narratives around climate and migration). By drawing together previously disparate literatures, this article ultimately calls on scholars to embrace habitability studies more widely, and to expand on their interdisciplinary potential for communicating the societal consequences of a changing climate. This article is categorized under: Climate, History, Society, Culture > Ideas and Knowledge
Self-medication practice for dental problems: A cross-sectional study among adults in Kuantan, Pahang in Peninsular Malaysia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aim: To investigate the prevalence, attitude, and pattern of self-medication practice for dental problems among adults in Kuantan, the state capital of Pahang, Malaysia. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among adults over 18 years of age who live in Kuantan via self-administered online- and paper-based bilingual questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis were run using IBM SPSS® Version 26 software. Results: From 275 respondents, one-fifth of respondents (21.8%) practised self-medication for dental problems and most of them obtained a mean attitude score of 21.7 ± 2.5% out of 25. Most self-medicating respondents were from the age group of 18–27 years (78.3%), females (55%), singles (78.3%), resides urban area (75.0%), and students (71.7%), with a household income of X2 (1, N = 275) = 4.916, P < 0.05. Most of self-medicating respondents gained information related to self-medication from internet (62.0%) and obtained medication from pharmacy (78.0%). The major dental problem that triggered them to self-medicate was toothache (76.0%), and the majority used paracetamol for pain relief (62.0%). Their main reason for self-medication was the perceived mildness of the dental problems (60.0%). Conclusion: Adult populations in Kuantan, Pahang have moderate prevalence (21.8%) in self-medicating practice for dental problems which was mainly caused by toothache and was primarily treated with over-the-counter pain-relief medication. They also have good attitude toward appropriate self-medication.
Using a Visualization System to Enhance Students' Online Learning Participation Based on Learning Behaviors and Social Presence

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Online learning participation drives online learning and promotes learning satisfaction; however, participation in online learning is inherently low because there is a lack of monitoring learning information. The purpose of this study is to develop a visualization system to enhance online learning participation based on learning behaviors and social presence, and to evaluate its effects. The visualization system provides learners' learning information from two perspectives: individual information on learners' learning behaviors and group information on discussion scripts. An online university course was augmented with a visualization system, and 66 first year university students registered for it. The results of the Mann-Whitney-U-Test showed that students who accessed the system's pie-chart function (regarding the frequency of using reading functions in groups) tended to highlight important content at a higher frequency and achieved higher final scores which were calculated based on the mini-reports, discussions and final reports than those who did not. Furthermore, compared to those who did not use the system's heatmap function (regarding the reading time in groups), students who used it read more of the learning material during the online course and received higher final scores.
Hypoxia as a therapy for mitochondrial disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Thriving on a breath of low oxygen Mitochondrial diseases are debilitating and largely untreatable. Most are caused by genetic mutations that impair the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which generates cellular energy. Because these diseases do not affect all tissues equally, it is thought that endogenous mechanisms exist that can help cells cope with mitochondrial defects. Jain et al. identified the hypoxia response, a mechanism that helps cells adapt when oxygen is limited, as a potent suppressor of mitochondrial dysfunction (see the Perspective by Shoubridge). Mouse models of the mitochondrial disease Leigh syndrome showed fewer symptoms and a dramatically extended life span when raised in a hypoxic environment. Science , this issue p. 54 ; see also p. 31
Association of anti dsDNA antibodies titer with non-renal manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Early diagnosis and effective treatment in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has very crucial role. Anti dsDNA is very important diagnostic tool and activity marker in SLE. This study aimed to determine the association of anti dsDNA antibodies titer with non-renal manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI). Patients and methods: It was a cross-sectional study and was carried out at Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tertiary Care Hospital, Lahore from Feb 2021 to May 2021. The study involved 69 male and female patients satisfying the systemic lupus international collaborating clinics (SLICC) classification criteria. Questions regarding different symptoms were asked and disease activity parameters were noted excluding renal parameters. Anti-dsDNA titers were measured from standard laboratory using immunofluorescence technique and were correlated with SLEDAI score. A written informed consent was obtained from every patient. Results: The mean age of the patients was 30.7±10.2 years while the mean duration of disease 1.94±2.65 years. We observed a female predominance among these patients with male to female ratio of 1:7.6. There were fifty-four (78.3%) patients with active disease. The mean anti-dsDNA levels were significantly higher in patients with active disease (315.73±481.68 vs. 78.46±113.64 IU/mL; p-value=0.003). There was a significantly strong positive correlation between anti-dsDNA levels and SLEDAI score (r=0.358; p-value=0.006). When compared, significant difference was observed in mean anti-dsDNA titers in patients with chronic cutaneous manifestations (p-value=0.040), lymphopenia (p-value= 0.012), pleurisy/pericarditis (p-value= 0.024) and leukopenia <3000/mm3 (p-value= 0.001). Conclusion: Anti-dsDNA antibodies titers are remarkably increased in patients with non-renal manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus particularly with chronic cutaneous manifestations and leukopenia and positively correlate with disease activity status and SLEDAI score.
Gap Length and Pressure Dependences of Excitation Power and Laser Output Energy of Discharge-Pumped KrF Excimer Laser

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Dependences of laser output energy and excitation power on gap length (14 to 21mm) and ambient pressure (2 to 3atm) are discussed experimentally on an UV-preionized discharge-pumped KrF excimer laser with a charge transfer system for a gas mixture of Kr/F2/He/Ne=2.0/0.25/14.45/83.3%. The specific laser output energy increases with the excitation power, of which relation is expressed in a straight line. It is clarified that the same linear relationship is found in spite of the change of the gap length and ambient pressure. A similarity relationship between the excitation power per unit pressure and the product of gap length and ambient pressure is also clarified. In the case of pressure varied from 2 to 3atm, the increase of excitation power brings larger laser output energy. As the gap length is increased, the increase of the discharge volume also contributes to the laser output energy in addition to the effect of the excitation power. By theoretical discussion with a computer simulation code in the wider range of the gap length and pressure, the existence of an optimum gap length and pressure for obtaining the largest excitation power is clarified. At this case, energy transfer efficiency from a primary capacitor to a secondary capacitor is shown to be about 60 percent.
The Microbiology Bench Companion

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

An indispensable resource for hospital and public health microbiology laboratories. * Serves as an easy access resource that will assist laboratorians in identifying infectious agents. * Presents unique identifying features of infectious agents and observations on unusual organisms. * Facilitates a rapid response to client questions regarding organisms and helps the laboratorian understand the therapy options available to the physician. * Offers guidance for the completion of informative reports and documentation of answers. * Provides easy access to identification algorithms from many authorities. * Supplies technologists with correct information for accurate identification.
Institute for the defense of human rights (ombudsman) in Canada

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article examines the institution for the protection of human rights (ombudsman) operating in Canada, represented by a variety of bodies, officials, and the specifics of their powers. Particular attention is paid to the Canadian Human Rights Commission — a human rights state body within whose jurisdiction is exercised control over public administration and private companies at the federal level on discrimination issues, as well as the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal, which, according to the author, performs a quasi-judicial role in exercising jurisdictional control. The author comes to the conclusion about the formation of a two-stage mechanism that ensures more effective protection of human rights. The article thoroughly examines the legal and institutional features of the status and powers of human rights commissions and ombudsmen operating at the provincial and territorial levels. The study allowed the author to identify the following features of the institution for the protection of human rights (ombudsman) in Canada: the prevailing decentralization, which is expressed in the autonomy of the provinces and the Federation in the establishment and consolidation of the status of officials and bodies carrying out human rights activities; institutional plurality, characterized by a variety of structures (bodies, officials), the scope of their powers aimed at protecting human rights; development of specialization of state human rights institutions in various areas (discrimination, labor relations, housing and others); formation of a “local” model of the ombudsman in non-state corporations and institutions. The author proposes to use the experience of the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal when developing the concept of a human rights court in Russia.
Benford’s Law in Forensic Analysis of Registered Turnover

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Forensic accounting in scientific sense is the part of accounting that assumes the practice of scientific techniques and methods in conducting investigations and detecting criminal activities in financial statements, business statements and companies. One such tool in detecting anomalies in accounting records is the Benford’s Law, which gives the expected pattern of digit frequencies in numeric data sets according to their position in numbers. Because of this property, Benford’s law has become a significant forensic tool for the detection of anomalies, especially in financial business. One of the most important sources is account turnover data in the observed period, which has a debt and credit side. A classic way of analyzing these liabilities is to merge them and then look for a pattern of leading digits. In such approach, it is not possible to properly determine the source of anomalies, which are a guide to deeper analysis. For such purposes, a variant of the Hosmer-Lemeshow test is designed.
Feasibility of Ice Segregation Location by Acoustic Emission Detection: A Laboratory Test in Gneiss

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Large slope failures in steep alpine bedrock present significant geological hazards. Ice segregation is thought to be one of the mechanisms involved in high-mountain bedrock fracture but has not been reproduced experimentally in hard, intact rock. Here, we report results from a 3 month freezing experiment that aimed to reproduce ice-lens growth at the interface between the active layer and permafrost in a 15 cm cube of hard, intact rock (Arolla gneiss). Monitoring of acoustic emissions (AEs) recorded the propagation of microcracks horizontally through the block, resulting in a continuous and thick macrocrack near the base of the artificial active layer. Microcracking occurred within an approximate temperature range of −0.5 °C to −2.7 °C, consistent with ice segregation theory. Hypocentres of recorded AE events were concentrated in a 40 mm thick band between depths of 4.5 and 8 cm in the block. The band approximately coincides with the frozen fringe and indicates that ice segregation can induce micro- and macrocracking in gneiss. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and piloting of a highly tailored digital intervention to support adherence to antihypertensive medications as an adjunct to primary care consultations

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives This paper describes the systematic development and piloting of a highly tailored text and voice message intervention to increase adherence to medication in primary care. Methods Following the Medical Research Council guidance, this paper describes (a) the systematic development of the theoretical framework, based on review of theories and meta-analyses of effectiveness; (b) the systematic development of the delivery mode, intervention content and implementation procedures, based on consultations, face-to-face interviews, think-aloud protocols, focus groups, systematic reviews, patient and public involvement/engagement input, intervention pre-test; and (c) the piloting of the intervention, based on a 1-month intervention; and follow-up assessment including interviews and questionnaires. The mixed-methods analysis combined findings from the parallel studies complementarily. Results intervention development suggested the target behaviour of the intervention should be the tablets taken at a regular time of the day. It recommended that patients could be more receptive to intervention content when they initiate medication taking or they change prescription plan; and more emphasis is needed to patients’ consent process. Intervention piloting suggested high intervention engagement with, and fidelity of, the intervention content; which included a combination of behaviour change techniques, and was highly tailored to patients’ beliefs and prescription plan. Patients reported that the intervention content increased awareness about the necessity to take and maintain adherent to medication, reinforced social support and habit formation, and reminded them to take medication as prescribed. Conclusion Tailored automated text and voice message interventions are feasible ways to improve medication adherence as an adjunct to primary care. Trial registration number ISRCTN10668149 .
[THE ORGANIZATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES OF INCREASING OF EFFECTIVENESS OF DISPENSARY MONITORING OF HIV-INFECTED PERSONS].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The organizational technologies of increasing effectiveness ofdispensarization monitoring of HIV-infected persons are to targeted to development in patients commitment to get medical care. The cohort monitoring of registered patients receiving anti-retrovirus therapy permitted to evaluate effectiveness of organizational model of multi-professional team developing commitment ofpatients to anti-retrovirus therapy in conditions of center ofprevention and struggle with AIDS and infectious diseases. The criteria ofeffectiveness offunctioning ofmulti-professional team are developed and implemented The list of criteria include percentage of patients in cohort with optimal commitment (not lower than 95% of applied dosage of anti-retrovirus pharmaceuticals at 12th, 24th, 36th, 48th and 60th month), percentage ofpatients with achieved effect of anti-retrovirus therapy, percentage of patients proceeding anti-retrovirus therapy. The multi-professional team implemented motivational techniques of behavior alteration and patient-oriented care. The main strategy of development of of commitment to anti-retrovirus therapy under HIV-infection is determined as management of resources and risks capable decreasing commitment to dispensarization monitoring. The analysis of problems permitted to structure them in risks of commitment failure: medical (13.7%), medical biological under using psychoactive substances (43.1%), psychological (27.7%), social (15.5%). This listing determined the profile of specialists of multi-professional team. The ranking of risks lead out to the first ranking place medical risks, including diagnosed tuberculosis, combination of secondary and concomitant diseases inpatient, number of intaking pills more than 7 per day. The second ranking place took medical biological risks in users of psychoactive substances. Up to 60th month the anti-retrovirus therapy was proceeded by 61.5% of users of psychoactive substances with optimal commitment in 60%. The implementation of model of multi-professional team was accompanied by increasing of coverage of HIV-infected patients by dispensary monitoring and anti-retrovirus therapy. The applied organizational technologies permit to develop commitment to dispensary monitoring and anti-retrovirus therapy in patients with any risks of breach of commitment.
Analysis of user activities on popular medical forums

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The paper is devoted to detailed investigation of users' behavior and level of expertise on online medical forums. Two popular forums were analyzed in terms of presence of experts who answer health related questions and participate in discussions. This study provides insight into the quality of medical information that one can get from the web resources, and also illustrates relationship between approved medical experts and popular authors of the considered forums. During experiments several machine learning and natural language processing methods were evaluated against to available web content to get further understanding of structure and distribution of information about medicine available online nowadays. As a result of this study the hypothesis of existing correlation between approved medical experts and popular authors has been rejected.
Detailed X-band Studies of the π–d Molecular Conductor λ-(BETS)2FeCl4: Observation of Anomalous Angular Dependence of the g-value

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The antiferromagnetic insulating ground state of the π–d molecular conductor λ-(BETS)2FeCl4 has been under intense debate for the last decades. One of the difficulties in studying this system comes from the needle-shape of its single crystal where crystallographic a*- and b*-axes are difficult to identify. We performed electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements of λ-(BETS)2FeCl4 with precise angular dependence of the g-value to study the relation between the principal axes of the g-tensor and the crystallographic axes. In the paramagnetic metal phase, the angular dependence of the g-value shows a characteristic “canine-teeth” structure owing to the strong π–d interaction. This structure develops rapidly below 150 K suggesting the enhancement of the π–d spin correlation. The principal axes of the g-value are related to the crystal axes, and a simple two-step method using ESR measurements, (i) find the g-value maximum in the a*b*-plane, and (ii) find the linewidth maximum in the b*c-plane, was examined to find the easy-axis of the antiferromagnetic state. Using the two-step method, we found that antiferromagnetic resonance of the easy-axis appears below 11 K, which is higher than the metal–insulator transition temperature.