jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Transformation Field Analysis based multiscale framework for masonry structures accounting for localised failure and friction

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A two-scale framework combined with the semi-analytical homogenisation tool presented in [1] is presented for the failure of periodic masonry structures. The failure behaviour of textured heterogeneous materials such as masonry is strongly influenced by their mesostructure. Their periodicity and the quasi-brittle nature of their constituents result in complex behaviours such as damage-induced anisotropy properties with localisation of damage, which are difficult to model by means of macroscopic closed-form constitutive laws. Multi-scale computational strategies aim at solving this issue by deducing a homogenised response at the structural scale from a representative volume element (RVE), based on constituents properties and averaging theorems. Computational homogenisation-based multi-scale strategies are at present the most versatile approaches to take into account in a natural way evolving phenomena which take place at finer scales such as damage and plasticity. However, they remain costly in terms of computational effort for the case of large-scale structures. In order to reduce the typical high computational cost of such methods, the concept of Transformation Field Analysis (TFA) was recently extended for such materials in [1]. This approach assumes uniform inelastic strains within subdomains of a RVE by using superpositions of elastic and inelastic effects. An effective non-linear periodic homogenisation procedure combined with a micromechanical analysis of the damage process of the mortar joints is used in order to extract the structural constitutive behaviour, accounting for the coupling of the damage and friction phenomena of the mortar joints [1]. This approach only requires the off-line computational determination of transformation tensors in order to take into account the mutual interaction between evolving phases, based on eigen elastic and inelastic deformation modes of the RVE phases [1], and therefore results in efficient structural analyses.This TFA approach is here combined with embedded strong discontinuities at the structural scale in order to represent macroscopic localisation of damage and plasticity, as proposed in [2]. Based on an assumption of single period failure, the behaviour of these discontinuities is extracted from further damaging RVEs, denoted as localising volume elements (LVEs). Localisation analyses based on the acoustic tensor technique are carried to incorporate these discontinuities in a motivated manner as in [3]. For the material behaviour of the coarse-scale discontinuities, an enhanced upscaling procedure based on an approximate energy consistency recently proposed is used [4]. The results obtained with this framework will be illustrated to show that mesostructurally motivated preferential damage orientations can be naturally and efficiently incorporated into large scale computations accounting for localisation.
Carrot Consumption Frequency Associated with Reduced BMI and Obesity through the SNP Intermediary rs4445711

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

It is unclear whether genetic interactions are involved in the association between vegetable intake and reduced body mass index (BMI) or obesity. We conducted a comprehensive search for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which are associated with the interaction between vegetable intake frequency and BMI or obesity. We performed a genome-wide association analysis to evaluate the genetic interactions between self-reported intake of vegetables such as carrot, broccoli, spinach, other green vegetables (green pepper and green beans), pumpkin, and cabbage with BMI and obesity, which is defined as a BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 in the Japanese population (n = 12,225). The mean BMI and prevalence of obesity was 23.9 ± 3.4 kg/m2 and 32.3% in men and 22.1 ± 3.8 kg/m2 and 17.3% in in women, respectively. A significant interaction was observed between rs4445711 and frequency of carrot intake on BMI (p = 4.5 × 10−8). This interaction was slightly attenuated after adjustment for age, sex, alcohol intake, smoking, physical activity and the frequency of total vegetable intake (p = 2.1 × 10−7). A significant interaction was also observed between rs4445711 and frequency of carrot intake on obesity (p = 2.5 × 10−8). No significant interactions that were the same as the interaction between frequency of carrot intake and rs4445711 were observed between the intake frequency of broccoli, spinach, other green vegetables, pumpkin or cabbage and BMI or obesity. The frequency of carrot consumption is implicated in reducing BMI by the intermediary of rs4445711. This novel genetic association may provide new clues to clarify the association between vegetable intake and BMI or obesity.
Reduced Antibiotic Resistance in the Rhizosphere of Lupinus albus in Mercury-Contaminated Soil Mediated by the Addition of PGPB

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The emergence of antibiotic resistance (AR) poses a threat to the “One Health” approach. Likewise, mercury (Hg) pollution is a serious environmental and public health problem. Its ability to biomagnify through trophic levels induces numerous pathologies in humans. As well, it is known that Hg-resistance genes and AR genes are co-selected. The use of plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) can improve plant adaptation, decontamination of toxic compounds and control of AR dispersal. The cenoantibiogram, a technique that allows estimating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of a microbial community, has been postulated as a tool to effectively evaluate the evolution of a soil. The present study uses the metagenomics of 16S rRNA gene amplicons to understand the distribution of the microbial soil community prior to bacterial inoculation, and the cenoantibiogram technique to evaluate the ability of four PGPB and their consortia to minimize antibiotic resistance in the rhizosphere of Lupinus albus var. Orden Dorado grown in Hg-contaminated soils. Results showed that the addition of A1 strain (Brevibacterium frigoritolerans) and its consortia with A2, B1 and B2 strains reduced the edaphic community´s MIC against cephalosporins, ertapenem and tigecycline. The metagenomic study revealed that the high MIC of non-inoculated soils could be explained by the bacteria which belong to the detected taxa,. showing a high prevalence of Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Actinobacteria.
Tolerance for the Tolerant “Other”—Moses Mendelssohn’s Claim for Tolerance in the “Vorrede/Preface” (1782)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this paper I discuss Moses Mendelssohn’s argumentation on religious tolerance in his “Vorrede” (“preface”) that he added to his translation of Rabbi Manasseh Ben Israel’s letter “Vindiciae judaeorum” in 1782. Instead of solely deducing Mendelssohn’s idea of religious tolerance, I examine Mendelssohn’s argumentation strategies. For this purpose, I firstly determine the political and social conditions in which Mendelssohn wrote the “Vorrede”. Secondly, I examine the normative reasons or resources that Mendelssohn argues for tolerance with. In my observation, he is legitimizing religious tolerance on the normative resources of philosophical reasons (natural law/universal reason) and pragmatic reasons (utility). Further, I will analyse Mendelssohn’s concept of a tolerant Judaism in the “Vorrede”.
Methods, Techniques and Challenges in Deciphering the Sa-skaya Codex: Karmmavibhāga as the Oldest Sinhala Manuscript into Modern Sinhala

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Sa-skaya Codex is named as Karmmavibhāga, is acknowledged as the oldest existing Sinhala manuscript and also possesses significant historical and cultural importance. It has been offered a unique insight into the religious, linguistic, and cultural tapestry of ancient Sri Lankan society. The codex poses significant difficulties for contemporary researchers, because of its outdated language, unique writing style, and physical decay. This research is been aimed to create an exact translation of the Sa-skaya Codex into modern Sinhala, while accurately, and it will be maintaining the linguistic subtleties and cultural richness of the original. A multidisciplinary approach had utilized to accomplish this, integrating paleography, philology, and digital humanities. Paleographic examination had been utilized to interpret the script and grasp the writing practices of that time period. Philological methods have been already aided in understanding ancient vocabulary and grammatical forms and allowing them for more context-driven interpretation of the text. Moreover, sophisticated digital technologies those are including high-resolution imaging and machine learning were been employed to restore the faded or impaired portions of the manuscript. The results are highlighting the codex's complexity in language and spelling, demonstrating the development of the Sinhala language across centuries. Additionally, the research uncovers the various historical and cultural details within the manuscript that had not been acknowledged before. As the summary, this study is providing a dependable framework for translating the ancient Sinhala documents and also highlighting the greater importance of safeguarding and interacting with historical manuscripts. It significantly enhances the comprehension of linguistic legacy of Sri Lanka and provides a model that would be able to replicated for future translation efforts concerning early textual traditions.
CONCEPTUAL ISSUES OF SOCIAL SECURITY IN THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of the research is to identify scientifically based mechanisms for solving conceptual problems of social security in the direction of improving social protection in the Republic of Azerbaijan. The methodology of the research - the research process is carried out through a comparative scientific analysis of international and domestic practices that have developed at the level of sectoral management. The practical importance of the research - the article examines the possibilities of applying social protection programs to the development of the country's social protection system. As a result, the proposals presented in this article can be used to make informed decisions. The results of the research - the article can be used in the preparation of the regulatory framework and priority areas of the social protection system related to the infrastructure of the social protection system in Azerbaijan. The originality and scientific novelty of the research - the formation of systemic approaches in the scientific and managerial areas of social security based on the national model of social protection.
Studies on the Effect of K, Na, NH4+, VFA and CO2 on the Net Absorption of Magnesium from the Temporarily Isolated Rumen of Heifers*

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Summary The net absorption of magnesium from the temporarily isolated rumen was studied in heifers. The effects of different concentrations of K, Na, NH 4 + , volatile fatty acids (VFA) and of changed P CO2 on the net absorption of magnesium from the ventral rumen sac were measured. A net absorption of magnesium was observed in all experiments. However, the total amount of Mg absorption was influenced by the ionic composition of the rumen fluid. Increasing concentrations of potassium significantly reduced in a curvilinear manner the net Mg transport. A change of ruminal Na concentration did not influence the absorption of Mg. Physiological concentrations of NH 4 + (10mmol·l −1 ) decreased significantly the absorption of Mg. VFA and CO 2 enhanced the transport of Mg across the rumen epithelium. The results are discussed in the context of grass tetany in ruminants. Zusammenfassung Untersuchungen zur Wirkung von K, Na, NH 4 + , flüchtigen Fettsäuren und CO 2 auf die Nettoabsorption von Magnesium aus dem temporär isolierten Pansen von Kälbern In den vorliegenden Untersuchungen wurde die Resorption von Magnesium aus dem vorübergehend isolierten Pansen von Kälbern untersucht. Die Wirkung unterschiedlicher Konzentrationen von Na, K, NH 4 + , VFA und von unterschiedlichem P CO2 wurde geprüft. In allen Versuchen wurde eine Resorption von Magnesium beobachtet. Das Ausmaß der Magnesiumresorption wurde jedoch erheblich von der Zusammensetzung der Pufferlösung bestimmt. Steigende Kaliumkonzentrationen verminderten die Magnesiumresorption signifikant. Eine Veränderung der Natriumkonzentration beeinflußte die Magnesiumresorption nicht. Geringfügige Erhöhungen der Ammoniakkonzentration auf 10 mmol·l −1 verursachten eine signifikante Verringerung der Magnesiumresorption. Flüchtige Fettsäuren und CO 2 erhöhten die Resorption von Magnesium aus dem Pansen. Die Ergebnisse werden im Zusammenhang mit der Pathogenese der Weidetetanie diskutiert.
Dependence balance bounds for single-output two-way channels

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

If in a transmission the inputs of a single-output two-way channel exhibit some interdependence, this dependence must have been created during earlier transmissions. The idea that no more dependence can be consumed than produced is used to obtain new upper bounds to the capacity region of the discrete memoryless single-output two-way channel. With these upper bounds we can show that Shannon's inner bound region is the capacity region for channels in a certain class and improve upon the Zhang-Berger-Schalkwijk upper bound for Blackwell's multiplying channel.
Hydrodynamic aspect of caves

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

From a hydrological point of view, active caves are a series of connected conduits which drain water through an aquifer. Water tends to choose the easiest way through the system but different geological and morphological barriers act as flow restrictions. The number and characteristics of restrictions depends on the particular speleogenetic environment, which is a function of geological, geomorphological, climatological and hydrological settings. Such a variety and heterogeneity of underground systems has presented a challenge for human understanding for many centuries. Access to many underground passages, theoretical knowledge and recent methods (modeling, water pressure-resistant dataloggers, precise sensors etc.) give us the opportunity to get better insight into the hydrodynamic aspect of caves. In our work we tried to approach underground hydrodynamics from both theoretical and practical points of view. We present some theoretical background of open surface and pressurized flow in underground rivers and present results of some possible scenarios. Moreover, two case studies from the Ljubljanica river basin are presented in more detail: the cave system between Planinsko polje and Ljubljansko barje, and the cave system between Bloško polje and Cerkniško polje. The approach and methodology in each case is somewhat different, as the aims were different at the beginning of exploration. However, they both deal with temporal and spatial hydrodynamics of underground waters. In the case of Bloško polje-Cerkniško polje system we also explain the feedback loop between hydrodynamics and Holocene speleogenesis.
College roommates have a modest but significant influence on each other’s political ideology

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Significance Understanding the relationship between college and political ideology is of increasing importance in the United States in the context of intense partisan polarization. Leveraging a quasi-experiment and a panel survey, we find no evidence that a sample of students moves leftward along the political spectrum during the first year of college. However, we find strong evidence of a causal effect of roommates: Students move toward their randomly assigned roommates’ political ideology over the course of their first year of college. Our study identifies causal evidence of social network effects for political views and identifies these causal effects for college students specifically. Our findings are inconsistent with claims that college makes students more liberal.
The Right to Assign Employees in One Job Classification to Jobs in Another Classification

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Examines the management right to assign employees in one job classification to jobs in another classification in the U.S. as of 1963. Problem of assigning workers to jobs; Difference between temporary and permanent assignments; Contracts that contain management clauses; Reasons for temporary assignments; Duties of two classifications during a period of reduced employment. (Abstract copyright EBSCO.)
Making connections: a fresh analysis of an early neolithic pit and its contents

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Summary Outlined here is a new and detailed assessment of two Early Neolithic pits discovered in 1933 by Dr. E.C. Curwen on New Barn Down, Worthing. Newly obtained radiocarbon dates that place the pits between 4000–3800 BC make them amongst the earliest Neolithic features in Sussex and southern England. It is proposed that the pits (collectively known as Pit X) display connections not only to the nearby flint mines, but also to the immediate coastal zone and to wider England. The examination illuminates the practices of an Early Neolithic community, who were not only extracting flint from the nearby mines, but also familiar with new forms of material culture and social customs.
InSAR monitoring of marsh wetlands flow dynamics in Great Lakes

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

There is limited research of InSAR applications in very dynamic wetlands in the Great Lakes or for other Canadian wetlands. In this study, we investigated the potential of using C-band SAR data for monitoring marsh wetlands flow dynamics in the Great Lakes. Results from InSAR observations in Long Point, Ontario, Canada indicate that consistent coherence from Radarsat-2 and Sentinel-1 data was observed in cattail and phragmites dominated areas, which enabled the generation of reliable measurements for monitoring water level changes.
Explicit and implicit large eddy simulation of turbulent combustion with multi-scale forcing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The context of this study is the optimization of premixed turbulent combustion of syngas for clean energy production. A Bunsen-type CH4/air turbulent premixed burner with a multi-scale grid generator is simulated with different Large Eddy Simulation (LES) strategies and compared to experimental results. A low-Mach formulation of a compressible Navier-Stokes solver based on different numerical methods, ranging from 4th order central finite difference to 5th order advanced WENO schemes, is developed and applied. Classical test cases (1D laminar premixed flame, decaying HIT), and 2D simulations of the turbulent premixed flame are performed to assess the numerical methodology. Implicit LES (ILES), i.e. LES without any explicit subgrid modeling, and explicit LES with the Thickened Flame model and subgrid scale flame wrinkling modelling (TFLES) are applied to simulate numerically the 3D experimental burner. Results show that TFLES with a high-order low dissipation scheme predicts quite well the experimental flame length and flame surface density. ILES with advanced WENO schemes produces a slightly shorter although realistic flame provided the grid spacing is of order of the laminar flame thickness. The representation of flame/turbulence interactions in TFLES and ILES are however quite different.
The North-east Asia Security and China’s Challenges

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Due to its incompatible political civilizations and strategic goals,North-east Asia has a distinctive feature of political non-identification.The cold war legacy and the national conflicts arising from some hot issues determine the dilemma of the region’s security,and non-conventional security problems such as those of resources and of the environment have become ever increasingly visible.Committed to a diversified and balanced North-east Asia order,China faces challenges from the United States in the Taiwan issue,in the consistency of its foreign policy which is to be influenced by America’s inconsistent China policy,and in its peaceful rise.China should remain alert to America’s political extortion,and flexible in adjusting its strategic goals for different stages,and seek security in and through development and stability.
A Smart 3D RT Method: Indoor Radio Wave Propagation Modelling at 28 GHz

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes a smart ray-tracing method based on the ray concept. From the literature review, we observed that there is still a research gap on conventional ray-tracing methods that is worthy of further investigation. The herein proposed smart 3D ray-tracing method offers an efficient and fast way to predict indoor radio propagation for supporting future generation networks. The simulation data was verified by measurements. This method is advantageous for developing new ray-tracing algorithms and simulators to improve propagation prediction accuracy and computational speed.
Kinetic Contributions of The Upper Limbs During Counter-Movement Verical Jumps With and Without Arm Swing

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Mosier, EM, Fry, AC, and Lane, MT. Kinetic contributions of the upper limbs during countermovement. J Strength Cond Res 33(8): 2066–2073, 2019—This study examined the kinetic contributions of the upper extremities during countermovement vertical jumps (CMVJs) while using arm swing (AS) or no arm swing (NAS) conditions. Fourteen healthy men ( JOURNAL/jscr/04.03/00124278-201908000-00004/inline-formula1/v/2023-08-19T002833Z/r/image-tiff ± SD ; age = 24.1 ± 3.9 years) volunteered for this investigation. Subjects performed in random order a total of 6 jumps consisting of 3 AS and 3 NAS CMVJs. A motion capture system was used to analyze the kinetic data. Paired samples t -tests were used to examine the subjects' mean differences in the AS and NAS CMVJ trials ( p <0.05). Results for all subjects were determined for each jump subjects were determined for each jump performed, with statistical analyses performed on mean values for all 3 jumps per subject. The AS significantly increased the vertical jump height (VJH) by an average of 0.07 ± 0.03 m (3.0 ± 1.3 inches). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans determined that the upper limbs were 12.0% of the total body mass. Movement of the upper limbs during the AS CMVJ produced 32.2 ± 7.0% of the total mean ground reaction force (GRF), and 11.3 ± 2.2% during the NAS CMVJ. The enhancement of performance when jumping using an AS resulted in a 13.6% increase in VJH. The contribution of the upper limbs during the AS CMVJ averaged 31.5% of the peak GRF, which occurred immediately before takeoff. The upper extremities can greatly influence vertical jump performances and the accompanying kinetics. When analyzing jump GRFs, one must be aware of how much the upper limbs contribute to these forces. In addition, proper AS mechanics must be emphasized when instructing correct jump technique.