jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mathematical Model for the Selection of Processing Parameters in Selective Laser Sintering of Polymer Products

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Additive manufacturing (AM) is increasingly applied in the development projects from the initial idea to the finished product. The reasons are multiple, but what should be emphasised is the possibility of relatively rapid manufacturing of the products of complicated geometry based on the computer 3D model of the product. There are numerous limitations primarily in the number of available materials and their properties, which may be quite different from the properties of the material of the finished product. Therefore, it is necessary to know the properties of the product materials. In AM procedures the mechanical properties of materials are affected by the manufacturing procedure and the production parameters. During SLS procedures it is possible to adjust various manufacturing parameters which are used to influence the improvement of various mechanical and other properties of the products. The paper sets a new mathematical model to determine the influence of individual manufacturing parameters on the polymer product made by selective laser sintering. Old mathematical model is checked by statistical method with central composite plan and it is established that old mathematical model must be expanded with new parameter beam overlay ratio. Verification of new mathematical model and optimization of the processing parameters are made on SLS machine.
Electrodynamic beam loading and pulse shortening effects due to a intense relativistic electron beam/plasma

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Summary form only given. We report on investigations of the non-neutral plasma effects in HPM devices. We discuss how the intense space charge associated with the electron populations in HPM devices is sufficient to produce reflecting boundary conditions to RF energy, and how this can produce beam loading and pulse shortening in a variety of devices. Starting with a simple model for a parallel plate transmission line, we derive conditions for the impedance change due to an electron beam. Discussion of how this phenomena is evident in more complex HPM devices will follow, including a description of pulse shortening in the RKO and the importance of this effect for efficient MILO operation.
Relaxation-Driven Cyclic Cosmology v1.6: A Minimal Eternal Model with Emergent Tilt and CPT-Conjugate Mirror Sector

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Relaxation-Driven Cyclic Cosmology v1.6: A Minimal Eternal Model with Emergent Tilt and CPT-Conjugate Mirror Sector Relaxation-Driven Cyclic Cosmology (RDCC) is a nonsingular, eternally cyclic cosmological model based on a single effective complex scalar order-parameter field evolving in a tilted double-well potential. The tilt arises emergently and technically naturally from radiative Coleman-Weinberg corrections, requiring no ad-hoc parameters or fine-tuning. Field relaxation within the asymmetric potential generates a time-varying vacuum energy, driving alternating phases of accelerated expansion and contraction in an eternal "breathing" cycle. A gravitationally coupled CPT-conjugate mirror sector with reversed thermodynamic arrow provides an effective cold dark matter contribution and resolves the baryon asymmetry through phase-induced mechanisms (matter excess in our vacuum, antimatter excess in the mirror). Global CPT symmetry is exactly preserved, realized through locally asymmetric conjugate vacua—a natural dual structure that suppresses cycle-to-cycle memory via dynamical attractor behavior. The framework operates as an effective field theory on cosmological scales, avoiding singularities, entropy divergence, flatness issues, and the need for inflation or modified gravity. The primary observational prediction is an enhanced late-time Integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect, yielding a ∼12% excess in low-ℓ CMB angular power relative to ΛCDM, testable with upcoming Euclid and CMB-S4 data. Additional potential signatures include mild suppression of small-scale power and characteristic modulations in the 21-cm signal. Version 1.6 notes: Refined bounce physics description, added intuitive mirror visualization, and linked asymmetry to Hubble tension resolution.
Optimization of Extraction Conditions for SPME-GC-MS Analysis of Volatile Components in Fermented Beef Sausage

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Volatile compounds of fermented beef sausage were extracted by solid phase micro-extraction(SPME) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). The extraction conditions were optimized using single factor and orthogonal experiments. The best extraction results were obtained by using DVB/CAR/PDMS fiber to extract 3 g of sample for 60 min at 65 ℃ before desorption for 2 min. Under these conditions, 88 volatile components in the fermented sausage, including 17 aldehydes, 23 alcohols, 9 ketones, 7 acids, 16 hydrocarbons, 10 heterocyclics, 3 esters and 3 others, were identified.
The Behavior of Adolescent Mosque toward Earlier Introduction Tuberculosis Diseases in Kekait VillageWest Lombok

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Tuberculosis incidence rate is still quite high in Indonesia. Behavioral knowledge, attitudes, and skills of mosque adolescent about early recognition of tuberculosis disease is very important to know in order to be able to support government programs in prevention of transmission and increase the findings of new suspects in the community. The purpose of this research is to know the knowledge, attitudes, and skills of an adolescent mosque in the early introduction of tuberculosis disease. Method: The type of research used was descriptive with the Household Survey approach of all adolescent mosques with a total sample of 40 people with sampling using the Purposive Sampling method. Data collection is done using a questionnaire that has been tested by validity and reliability and the data obtained are presented in the form of a frequency distribution table. While the data analysis used in this study is univariate analysis. Results: An overview of the knowledge of adolescent mosques about the introduction of Tuberculosis is still lacking as many as 16 respondents (40.0%). While the attitudes of adolescent mosques about the early introduction of tuberculosis are sufficient, namely as many as 17 respondents (53%). Awareness of respondents who are still minimal also influences adolescent behavior in recognizing various health problems, one of which is tuberculosis. Conclusion: The lack of knowledge and attitudes of adolescent mosques in the early introduction of tuberculosis has an impact on skills in recognizing the signs and symptoms of tuberculosis.
Special Days of Worship and National Religion in the Australian Colonies, 1790–c. 1914

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Throughout the period between 1790 and 1914 the governments of the Australian colonies asked their populations to suspend work and amusements and join in collective acts of prayer. Australia’s special days of prayer have much historical significance and deserve more scholarly attention. They had an enduring popularity, and they were rare moments when a multi-faith and multi-ethnic community joined together to worship for a common cause. This article builds on recent work on state prayers in Britain by considering what the colonial tradition of special worship can tell us about community attachments in nineteenth-century Australia. ‘Fast days’ and ‘days of thanksgiving’ had both an imperial and a regional character. A small number of the Australian days were for imperial events (notably wars and royal occasions) that were observed on an empire-wide scale. The great majority, such as the numerous days of fasting and humiliation that were called during periods of drought, were for regional happenings and were appointed by colonial authorities. The article argues that the different types of prayer day map on to the various ways that contemporaries envisaged ‘Greater Britain’ and the ‘British world’. Prayer days for royal events helped the empire’s inhabitants to regard themselves as imperial Britons. Meanwhile, days appointed locally by colonial governments point to the strength of regional attachments. Colonists developed a sense that providence treated them differently from British communities elsewhere, and this sense of ‘national providence’ could underpin a sense of colonial difference—even a colonial nationalism. Days of prayer suggested that Greater Britain was a composite of separate communities and nationalities, but the regional feelings they encouraged could still sit comfortably with attachments to an imperial community defined by commonalities of race, religion and interest.
Future Developments in Forage Harvesting Machinery and Processing

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Forage harvesting, processing and handling equipment research is currently underway which will improve commodity quality, produce “value -added” products from forages, reduce energy and labor requirements of the equipment and improve forage marketability. Technologies are described which could increase forage quality and value by removing it from the field sooner after it is mowed to minimize the risk of weather damage. Mechanisms and management strategies for reducing the labor and energy required for field processing and for improving the marketability of forages are also described.</div>
First passage time stochasticity in a gene network with feedback regulation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The inherent probabilistic nature of the biochemical reactions, and low copy number of species can lead to stochasticity in gene expression across identical cells. Interestingly, this would lead to stochasticity in the event timing as well. We investigate a gene expression model for stochasticity in event timing, specifically the events that occur when a critical protein threshold is achieved for the first time, called the first passage time (FPT). We first consider an unregulated gene expression model, and examine the conditions under which stochasticity in FPT will be minimum, given a fixed threshold and mean of FPT. We find that stochasticity in FPT decreases with a decrease in mean burst size (number of proteins produced from an mRNA before it degrades) in the gene expression. Further, we study effect of feedback regulation of transcription rate, a regulation motif known to affect stochasticity in gene expression, on the stochasticity of FPT. Our analysis reveals that such a regulation would rather result into higher stochasticity of FPT as compared with no regulation case. We relate the results obtained with time taken by λ phage-infected E. coli cells to lyse and infer the regulatory motif responsible for preciseness of the lysis time.
SimPhony: A Device-Circuit-Architecture Cross-Layer Modeling and Simulation Framework for Heterogeneous Electronic-Photonic AI System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Electronic-photonic integrated circuits (EPICs) offer transformative potential for next-generation high-performance AI but require interdisciplinary advances across devices, circuits, architecture, and design automation. The complexity of hybrid systems makes it challenging even for domain experts to understand distinct behaviors and interactions across design stack. The lack of a flexible, accurate, fast, and easy-to-use EPIC AI system simulation framework significantly limits the exploration of hardware innovations and system evaluations on common benchmarks. To address this gap, we propose SimPhony, a cross-layer modeling and simulation framework for heterogeneous electronic-photonic AI systems. SimPhony offers a platform that enables (1) generic, extensible hardware topology representation that supports heterogeneous multi-core architectures with diverse photonic tensor core designs; (2) optics-specific dataflow modeling with unique multi-dimensional parallelism and reuse beyond spatial/temporal dimensions; (3) data-aware energy modeling with realistic device responses, layout-aware area estimation, link budget analysis, and bandwidth-adaptive memory modeling; and (4) seamless integration with model training framework for hardware/software co-simulation. By providing a unified, versatile, and high-fidelity simulation platform, SimPhony enables researchers to innovate and evaluate EPIC AI hardware across multiple domains, facilitating the next leap in emerging AI hardware. We open-source our codes at https://github.com/ScopeX-ASU/SimPhony
Facial basal cell carcinoma: Analysis of recurrence and follow-up strategies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rates of recurrence after incomplete surgical excision of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) range from 4 to 16.6% of analyzed cases. The aim of the present study was to identify the predictive factors associated with facial BBC recurrence following excision and their influences, in order to establish a proper therapeutic strategy. A monocentric retrospective study was performed reviewing all BCCs surgically excised at the Institute of Plastic Surgery, University of Padua, with particular focus on the involvement of surgical margins and recurrence. Seven hundred and nineteen lesions in 605 patients were studied. Correlations between recurrence probability and various characteristics of BCC were analyzed using a logistic regression model. It was observed that incomplete excision, deep margin involvement, the presence of sclerodermiform or metatypic basaloid squamous cells, as well as pleomorphous histological variants and/or peritumoral inflammatory infiltrates, were all related to an increase in the probability of recurrence. BCC excision must be followed by individualized management with particular consideration for the localization, the histological type and other known predisposing factors; the treatment strategy and, in particular, the length of the surveillance period and the frequency of patient assessment should be evaluated on the basis of the recurrence probability outlined.
Children of the Dead: Posthumous Conception, Critical Interests and Consent.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Artificial Reproductive Technology now enables the conception of children after the death of their genetic father. There is little consensus on how posthumous conception should be dealt with by the law and this article examines alternative approaches to such regulation. The goal of any such regulatory regime should be the vindication of the deceased's critical or objective interests after death. Alternative approaches risk instrumentalising the dead to serve the interests of the living, or weigh too heavily the deceased's past decisional autonomy at the cost of respecting his or her likely wishes after death. Separate requirements should apply to applications for posthumous sperm retrieval and its subsequent use, with the former being less onerous given the emergency nature of the procedure and the latter involving a tribunal whose function is to consider how best to give effect to the deceased's reproductive autonomy after death.
Influence of Dietary Citric Acid and Calcium on the Bioavailability of Orally Administered Chlortetracycline in Piglets

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Summary In a study involving 18 piglets divided into three groups (A, B and C), the effects of dietary calcium and citric acid, and feeding technique on Chlortetracycline bioavailability were examined. Groups of 6 animals received a basal diet with either 0.7 % (group A) or 1.4 % calcium (groups B and C). Citric acid was not included in diets of the first experimental period. In the second period, either 1.5% (groups A and B) or 3.0% (group C) citric acid was added to the diet. In both experimental periods, Chlortetracycline was administered once intravenously (7.5 mg/kg b. w.) and once orally (30 mg/kg b.w.). After each administration, blood samples were taken at regular intervals in order to determine Chlortetracycline serum concentrations by a microbiological method. Following oral Chlortetracycline intake, low dietary calcium or citric acid addition to the diet produced increased Chlortetracycline serum concentrations. Chlortetracycline bioavailability was 12.6% at 0.7% dietary calcium, and 9.5% at 1.4% dietary calcium. Enteral Chlortetracycline absorption was improved 65% with 1.5% or 3.0% dietary citric acid supplementation. An 8‐hour delay of feed intake following oral Chlortetracycline intake did not significantly influence Chlortetracycline bioavailability.
Temporal and Locational Values of Images Affecting the Deep Learning of Cancer Stem Cell Morphology

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Deep learning is being increasingly applied for obtaining digital microscopy image data of cells. Well-defined annotated cell images have contributed to the development of the technology. Cell morphology is an inherent characteristic of each cell type. Moreover, the morphology of a cell changes during its lifetime because of cellular activity. Artificial intelligence (AI) capable of recognizing a mouse-induced pluripotent stem (miPS) cell cultured in a medium containing Lewis lung cancer (LLC) cell culture-conditioned medium (cm), miPS-LLCcm cell, which is a cancer stem cell (CSC) derived from miPS cell, would be suitable for basic and applied science. This study aims to clarify the limitation of AI models constructed using different datasets and the versatility improvement of AI models. The trained AI was used to segment CSC in phase-contrast images using conditional generative adversarial networks (CGAN). The dataset included blank cell images that were used for training the AI but they did not affect the quality of predicting CSC in phase contrast images compared with the dataset without the blank cell images. AI models trained using images of 1-day culture could predict CSC in images of 2-day culture; however, the quality of the CSC prediction was reduced. Convolutional neural network (CNN) classification indicated that miPS-LLCcm cell image classification was done based on cultivation day. By using a dataset that included images of each cell culture day, the prediction of CSC remains to be improved. This is useful because cells do not change the characteristics of stem cells owing to stem cell marker expression, even if the cell morphology changes during culture.
A short-term wind speed forecasting model based on improved QPSO optimizing LSSVM

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The accuracy of short-term wind forecasting is important to guarantee the accuracy of wind farm power forecasting. An improved QPSO(Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization) algorithm for LSSVM(Least Squares Support Vector Machine) parameters selection is proposed based on the analysis of the QPSO and LSSVM. And then, with the weight factor m best (average optimal position of the particle swarm) being introduced, the global search capability of QPSO is improved to optimize important parameters during the modeling process, by which the generalization capability and learning performance of LSSVM model is improved. The simulation results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the predicting accuracy. However, the mean error of the predicted wind velocity is only 2.43%, which satisfies the requirements of predicting accuracy.
Rural Society and Economic Change in County Durham: Recession and Recovery, c.1400–1640, by A.T. Brown

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A.T. Brown opens this useful study with an overview of the various ‘schools of thought’ about what was once called ‘the transition from feudalism to capitalism’: demography, commercialisation, landlord and tenant relationships, and ‘strong’ and ‘weak’ versions of Robert Brenner’s Marxian emphasis on class relations. He argues for ‘a pluralism of causes in creating economic change’ in the period between the Black Death and the early seventeenth century, and adds a critical variable of his own: ‘estates and institutional constraints’. These, his book shows, must be added to the recipe of social change. Existing institutions play a ‘considerable role in affecting how societies respond to changes in demography, commercialisation and class relations’. ‘The way organisations and institutions interact with formal and informal constraints often helps to explain why some societies experience economic growth and others experience long-term stagnation’ (pp. 3–7). Dr Brown’s aim is not to compare ‘societies’, but to describe and explain the experiences of the landholding institutions and social groups of a single English region. The book describes and compares the fortunes of great lay and ecclesiastical estates; wealthy gentry (roughly equivalent in status and landholdings to the Jacobean knightly class); parish or local gentry; yeomen; the coal merchants of Newcastle; Church leaseholders; and smallholders. He shows very clearly and simply (a notable achievement in itself) that each of these groups and institutions experienced, and responded to, the ‘recession’ of the fifteenth century and the ‘recovery’ of the sixteenth century differently.
HAPPI: A Bioinformatics Database Platform Enabling Network Biology Studies

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The publication of the draft human genome consisting of 30,000 genes is merely the beginning of genome biology. A new way to understand the complexity and richness of molecular and cellular function of proteins in biological processes is through understanding of biological networks. These networks include protein-protein interaction networks, gene regulatory networks, and metabolic networks. In this thesis, we focus on human protein-protein interaction networks using informatics techniques. First, we performed a thorough literature survey to document different experimental methods to detect and collect protein interactions, current public databases that store these interactions, computational software to predict, validate and interpret protein networks. Then, we developed the Human Annotated Protein-Protein Interaction (HAPPI) database to manage a wealth of integrated information related to protein functions, protein-protein functional links, and protein-protein interactions. Approximately 12900 proteins from Swissprot, 57900 proteins from Trembl, 52186 protein-domains from Swisspfam, 4084 gene-pathways from KEGG, 2403190 interactions from STRING and 51207 interactions from OPHID public databases were integrated into a single relational database platform using Oracle 10g on an IU Supercomputing grid. We further assigned a confidence score to each protein interaction pair to help assess the quality and reliability of protein-protein interaction. We hosted the database on the Discovery Informatics and Computing web site, which is now publicly accessible. HAPPI database differs from other protein interaction databases in these following aspects: 1) It focuses on human protein interactions and contains approximately 860000 high-confidence protein interaction records—one of the most complete and reliable sources of human protein interaction today; 2) It includes thorough protein domain, gene and pathway information of interacting proteins, therefore providing a whole view of protein functional information; 3) It contains a consistent ranking score that can be used to gauge the confidence of protein interactions. To show the benefits of HAPPI database, we performed a case study using Insulin Signaling pathway in collaboration with a biology team on campus. We began by taking two sets of proteins that were previously well studied as separate processes, set A and set B. We queried these proteins against the HAPPI database, and derived high-confidence protein interaction data sets annotated with known KEGG pathways. We then organized these protein interactions on a network diagram. The end result shows many novel hub proteins that connect set A or B proteins. Some hub proteins are even novel members outside of any annotated pathway, making them interesting targets to validate for subsequent biological studies.