jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The effect of different soil tillage intensities and cover cropping systems on microbial-mediated soil organic carbon sequestration

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Biodiverse Zwischenfruchtanbausysteme und reduzierte Bodenbearbeitungsintensitäten könnten dabei helfen Humus (SOC) aufzubauen und die Bodengesundheit zu fördern, um zukünftigen Klimawandel und Bodenzerstörung zu verringern. Allerdings wurde der kombinierte Einfluss von reduzierter Bodenbearbeitung und fortgeschrittenem Zwischenfruchtanbausystemen auf Bodengesundheitsindikatoren und den Humusaufbau durch mikrobielle Pfade selten ausgewertet. Daher war das Ziel dieser Arbeit herauszufinden, wie diese mikrobielle Bodenparameter beeinflussen, da jüngste Studien darauf hinweisen, dass Mikroorganismen eine zentrale Rolle für die Bodenfunktion spielen. Vom Langzeitversuch in Hollabrunn gab es vier verschiedene Bearbeitungssysteme (konventionell, reduziert, minimal und keine Bearbeitung), bei denen drei verschiedene Zwischenfruchtanbausysteme (brachliegend, standard, biodivers) kultiviert wurden. Die Analysen beinhalteten Messungen von organischem, verfügbarem und mikrobiellem Kohlenstoff (C); gesamten, verfügbaren und mikrobiellen Stickstoff (N); und mikrobiellem Phosphor (P). Weiters analysierten wir die Bodenaggregatstabilität, Aminozucker, Ergosterol und hydrolytische C-, N- und P- akquirierende Enzymaktivitäten als ein Indikator von Bodengesundheit und -aktivität. Unsere Resultate haben einen signifikanten Effekt von Bearbeitungsintensitäten und Zwischenfruchtanbausystemen ohne eine direkte Interaktion gezeigt. Die Effekte der Bodenbearbeitung zeigten einen insgesamt abnehmenden Trend im konventionellen Bodenbearbeitungssystem auf die Bodenparameter, wobei es kaum signifikante Effekte zwischen reduzierter, minimalen und keiner Bodenbearbeitung gab. Es gab weniger signifikante Effekte vom Zwischenfruchtanbau im Vergleich zur Bodenbearbeitung, welche hauptsächlich für SOC, potenzielle enzymatische Aktivitäten und mikrobiellen P gefunden wurden. Das kann damit erklärt werden, dass die Bodenbearbeitung 16 Jahre und der Zwischenfruchtanbau erst ein Jahr auf dem Standort praktiziert wurde. Wir schlussfolgern, dass allerdings reduzierte Bodenbearbeitung sowie Zwischenfruchtanbau Effekte zeigen und förderlich für die mikrobielle SOC-Akkumulation sind.
Infectious Mononucleosis in an Athlete: Another Potentially Life-Threatening Complication

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 19-year-old male intercollegiate football player presented to the athletic training room with symptoms of sore throat, nasal congestion, fatigue, and bleeding, experienced for 3 weeks. His clinical and laboratory evaluation was consistent with infectious mononucleosis and severe thrombocytopenia. The athlete was immediately removed from participation and evaluated by a hematologist who confirmed the diagnosis and started oral glucocorticoid therapy. The athlete’s symptoms improved and thrombocytopenia resolved with therapy. Timely identification of severe thrombocytopenia allows for safe removal from participation. Collaboration among the sports medicine team as well as specialists, when needed, allows for optimal management of these rare complications.
Preorganization of molecular binding sites in designed diiron proteins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

De novo protein design provides an attractive approach to critically test the features that are required for metalloprotein structure and function. Previously we designed and crystallographically characterized an idealized dimeric model for the four-helix bundle class of diiron and dimanganese proteins [Dueferri 1 (DF1)]. Although the protein bound metal ions in the expected manner, access to its active site was blocked by large bulky hydrophobic residues. Subsequently, a substrate-access channel was introduced proximal to the metal-binding center, resulting in a protein with properties more closely resembling those of natural enzymes. Here we delineate the energetic and structural consequences associated with the introduction of these binding sites. To determine the extent to which the binding site was preorganized in the absence of metal ions, the apo structure of DF1 in solution was solved by NMR and compared with the crystal structure of the di-Zn(II) derivative. The overall fold of the apo protein was highly similar to that of the di-Zn(II) derivative, although there was a rotation of one of the helices. We also examined the thermodynamic consequences associated with building a small molecule-binding site within the protein. The protein exists in an equilibrium between folded dimers and unfolded monomers. DF1 is a highly stable protein ( K diss = 0.001 fM), but the dissociation constant increases to 0.6 nM (ΔΔ G = 5.4 kcal/mol monomer) as the active-site cavity is increased to accommodate small molecules.
The research of monitoring model for bridge running

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The model monitoring the safety of long-span bridges should be established considering its dynamic characteristics. This paper discusses using adaptive Kalman filter to establish the dynamic monitoring model of long-span bridges, considering the wind speed, temperature, traffic flow and other outside influences as the state factors of deformation of a bridge, the deformation rate components of the bridge and control values. The analysis of Nanjing Second Yangtze River Bridge shows that the dynamic monitoring model has better results and applying value.
eShiver: Force feedback on fingertips through oscillatory motion of an electroadhesive surface

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We introduce a new haptic force feedback device - the eShiver - for creating lateral shear force on the bare fingertip. The eShiver uses in-plane oscillatory motion of a variable-friction electroadhesive surface operating at 55Hz. A set of experiments performed with an artificial finger is used to elucidate the performance characteristics of this device. A maximum net lateral force of ±300mN is achieved, and net force is shown to be a function of velocity, applied voltage, and the phase between them. We propose a simple lumped parameter model for the system consisting of a lateral impedance and a voltage controlled "friction switch." We also discuss the limitations and areas of possible improvement for this method of force generation.
IMPROVING THE TECHNOLOGY OF PRODUCTION OF NEW TYPES OF RAILWAY WHEELS OPEN JOINT STOCK COMPANY «NIZHNODNІPROVSKY TUBE ROLLING PLANT »

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper the grounds of the forging procedure modification while mastering the new type of the railway wheels BA 318 for DB AG certification are reported. The technically based rolling procedure of the wheels rolling with application of the ring-items rolling mill is in the scope of great interest as well. The data of the mastering of the double-flanged crane wheels on the tyre-manufacturing line are cited.
Spaceborne Experiments

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Universe is the ultimate laboratory to understand the laws of nature. Under the action of the fundamental forces, lasting infinitesimal times or billion of years, matter and energy reach most extreme conditions. Using sophisticated instruments capable to select the signals reaching us from the depths of space and of time, we are able to extract information otherwise not obtainable with the most sophisticated ground based experiments. The results of these observations deeply influence the way we today look at the Universe and try to understand it.
Carbohydrate antigens in human lung carcinomas.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lung carcinomas represent a heterogeneous group of tumours with large variations in the biochemical, clinical, morphological and pathological manifestations. Despite the neuroendocrine features of small cell lung cancer (SCLC), it is today generally accepted that all types of lung cancer emanate from a common endodermally derived multipotent stem cell of the bronchial epithelium. NCAM (neutral cell adhesion molecule) has been shown to be a sensitive marker of SCLC. The presence of NCAM, with the alpha (2,8) polysialic acid units characteristic of embryonal NCAM, in SCLC and in a portion of NSCLC, seems to correlate with the malignant behaviour and prognosis of the tumours, suggesting that NCAM may have a functional role in the clinicopathological manifestations of lung cancer. Fuc-GM1 with 2-hydroxy fatty acids as a characteristic component of the ceramide has been found to be a unique ganglioside of SCLC, detected in the tissues as well as in serum from SCLC patients using specific monoclonal antibodies. Accumulation of sialylated and fucosylated polylactosamine type 2 carbohydrate glycolipid and glycoprotein antigens was found in serum and tissues of lung tumours in accordance with what is described in gastrointestinal carcinomas, and these antigens may be regarded as general carcinoma antigens irrespective of organ. Sialylated and fucosylated type 1 antigens, and gangliosides with NeuAc alpha (2,6)Gal linkage were also accumulated in lung cancer. The human immune system has been found to recognize lung cancer carbohydrate antigens, which might be human lung cancer autoantigens.
Evaluation of effectiveness of McRoberts maneuver and Woods maneuver in the management of shoulder dystocia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

目的 对McRoberts手法及Woods手法处理肩难产的效果进行评价.方法 对1996年1月至2004年12月的48例肩难产患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 按肩难产发生后首先采用的处理方法分为2组:A组28例,采用单一McRoberts手法;B组20例,采用McRoberts手法联合Woods手法.单一手法及联合手法的成功率分别为46%和95%, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).单用McRoberts手法处理非巨大儿及巨大儿肩难产的成功率分别为75%和25%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).McRoberts手法联合Woods手法处理非巨大儿及巨大儿肩难产的成功率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).在A组失败的病例中,13例改用McRoberts手法联合Woods手法后全部阴道分娩成功.结论 McRoberts手法及Woods手法是处理肩难产简便易行的方法.肩难产发生时,尤其是预计胎儿体重≥4 000 g者,宜采用McRoberts手法联合Woods手法;若估计胎儿体重＜4 000 g,可采用单一McRoberts手法.采用单一McRoberts手法失败时应及时联合采用Woods手法。
EFL task-based interaction: Does task modality impact on language-related episodes?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Research on L2 interaction has shown that task modality (written vs. oral) influences language learning opportunities. However, most research has been carried out in ESL settings and few studies have investigated task modality differences in EFL contexts, where both quantity and quality of exposure to the target language differ considerably. In addition, most research has only focused on how task modality impacts on the incidence, nature and outcome of language-related episodes (LREs), but has not considered the relationship between task modality and learners’ level of engagement. This chapter examines the impact of task modality on the LREs and level of engagement in the oral interaction of 44 Spanish-Basque EFL learners while completing four communicative tasks. The findings point to a significant impact of task modality on the incidence, nature and outcome of LREs but a minor impact on learners’ level of engagement.
Crystal Structure and Thermodynamic Properties of the RGaTi2O7 (R = Sm, Ho, Tm, Yb) Titanates

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The RGaTi2O7 (R = Sm, Ho, Tm, Yb) substituted titanates have been prepared by solid-state reactions, by firing mixtures of the Ga2O3, TiO2, and R2O3 oxides in air at 1273 and 1573 K, and their crystal structure has been determined using X-ray diffraction. The effect of temperature (320–1000 K) on the heat capacity of the synthesized compounds has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The experimental Cp(T) data have been used to calculate the principal thermodynamic functions of the titanates. Using the group contribution method, we evaluated the standard enthalpy and Gibbs energy of formation of the RGaTi2O7 (R = Sm, Ho, Tm, Yb) titanates.
QM/MM Simulations for the Broken-Symmetry Catalytic Reaction Mechanism of Human Arginase I

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Human arginase I (HARGI) is a metalloprotein highly expressed in the liver cytosol and catalyzes the hydrolysis of l-arginine to form l-ornithine and urea. Understanding the reaction mechanism would be highly helpful to design new inhibitor molecules for HARGI as it is a target for heart- and blood-related diseases. In this study, we explored the hydrolysis reaction mechanism of HARGI with antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic coupling between two Mn(II) ions at the catalytic site by employing molecular dynamics simulations coupled with quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics (QM/MM). The spin states, high-spin ferromagnetic couple (S Mn1 = 5/2, S Mn2 = 5/2), low-spin ferromagnetic couple (S Mn1 = 1/2, S Mn2 = 1/2), high-spin antiferromagnetic couple (S Mn1 = 5/2, S Mn2 = -5/2), and low-spin antiferromagnetic couple (S Mn1 = 1/2, S Mn2 = -1/2) are considered, and the calculated energetics for the complex of the substrate and HARGI are compared. The results show that the high-spin antiferromagnetic couple (S Mn1 = 5/2, S Mn2 = -5/2) is more stable than other spin states. The low-spin ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic coupled states are highly unstable compared with the corresponding high-spin states. The high-spin antiferromagnetic couple (S Mn1 = 5/2, S Mn2 = -5/2) is stabilized by 0.39 kcal/mol compared with the ferromagnetic couple (S Mn1 = 5/2, S Mn2 = 5/2). The reaction mechanism is independent of spin states; however, the energetics of transition states and intermediates are more stable in the case of the high-spin antiferromagnetic couple (S Mn1 = 5/2, S Mn2 = -5/2) than the corresponding ferromagnetic state. It is evident that the calculated coupling constants are higher for antiferromagnetic states and, interestingly, superexchange coupling is found to occur between Mn(II) ions via hydroxide ions in a reactant. The hydroxide ion enhances the coupling interaction and initiates the catalytic reaction. It is also noted that the first intermediate structure where there is no superexchange coupling is similar to the known inhibitor 2(S)-amino-6-boronohexanoic acid.
Piloted Assessment of a Fault Diagnosis Algorithm on the ATTAS Aircraft

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes the application of a fault diagnosis algorithm in a simulation campaign conducted with the Advanced Technologies Testing Aircraft (ATTAS). To provide a realistic fault scenario suitable for in-flight testing, the effects of actuator rate saturation were considered to be the result of faults acting on the ATTAS. Fault diagnosis algorithms were designed for these faults using H-infinity fault detection and isolation (FDI) filter synthesis tools and online thresholding algorithms. These fault diagnosis algorithms were assessed in an incremental validation campaign by first using the ATTAS high-fidelity nonlinear model, and then the German Aerospace Center (DLR) ATTAS flight simulator. In-flight data from previous flight campaigns investigating methods to alleviate rate saturation effects was used to assess the performance and robustness of the algorithms under real flight conditions.
Endopeptidase Isoenzyme Characteristics in Cucumis sativus Leaves During Dark‐induced Senescence

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The changes and characteristics of endopeptidase (EP) isoenzymes in cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) leaves during dark‐induced senescence were investigated by activity staining after gradient‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (G‐PAGE) containing co‐polymerized gelatin as substrate. The results showed that both the chlorophyll and the protein contents of leaves were decreased, and the protein degradation was correlated with the increase of proteolytic activity during the course of leaf senescence. Meanwhile, nine cucumber endopeptidases isoenzymes (CEP) with 140, 120, 106, 94, 76, 55, 46, 39 and 35 kDa molecular weights were detected. Four of these, CEP2, 3, 4 and CEP9 appeared all the time, but the changes of the activity were different during incubation. Another four CEPs (CEP5, 6, 7 and CEP8) whose activities increased with dark‐induced time were only detected in senescent leaves. Furthermore, the biochemical properties of these nine CEP were also characterized. All the CEPs had high activities from 35 °C to 45 °C, and the optimum temperature was found to be 40 °C. However, the activities of CEPs were not detected below 25 °C or over 60 °C. The activity bands appeared at a wide range of pH from 5.0 to 9.0, but the optimum pH was found at 7.0. No CEPs were detected at pH 4 or pH 10. By inhibition analysis we concluded that CEP2, 3, 4 and CEP9 were serine endopeptidases and CEP6 was a kind of cysteine protease. It is suggested that serine endopeptidases might play a major role in cucumber leaf senescence, and for the first time, six senescence‐related endopeptidases (CEP1, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9) were found in cucumber leaves.
Fabrication of SAW devices with small package size using through substrate via technology

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to realize SAW devices with smallest package size and investigate possibility of three dimension packaging of SAW devices, we propose the novel packaging method of SAW devices, in which two same SAW devices with half size of overlap length of the original device are bonded in face to face structure and two same SAW devices are electrically connected in parallel by through substrate via technology. We investigated processes conditions of the through substrate via electrode for piezoelectric substrate. We also investigated effect of some parameters such as through substrate via electrode material, bonding conditions. We fabricated test devices using Quartz substrate. Experimental results indicated that there is no change in the frequency characteristics between half size devices bonded and original devices.
Distribution of Mammals at Mt. Juheul, Mungyeongsi, Gyeongsangbukdo

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In order to investigate herpetofauna, we surveyed from June to October, 2011. As a result, we checked 7 species, 4 families, 2 orders of amphibians and 3 species, 2 families, 1 order of reptiles. But we couldn
Analyzing Cyprus Accurately: Legal Aspects of a Political Matter

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The “Cyprus Problem” is a political matter but the legal aspects of this matter are the most important side of it and can even be stated as a “front.” The Greek side makes their own political moves by using the legal arena to try to legitimize their actions. The politicization process of law is one of the strongest reasons that causes the Cyprus problem to become inextricable.
Gamma-ray emission from young supernova remnants: hadronic or leptonic?

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The debate on the nature of the gamma-ray emission from young supernova remnants is still open. Ascribing such emission to hadronic rather than leptonic processes would provide an evidence for the acceleration of protons and nuclei, and this fact would fit with the very popular (but not proven) paradigm that supernova remnants are the sources of Galactic cosmic rays. Here, we discuss this issue with a particular focus on the best studied gamma-ray-bright supernova remnant: RX~J1713.7-3946.
Changing Students, Changing Teaching1

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Educators are searching for effective ways to meet the challenges posed by increased cultural diversity among students. We explore this issue at the high school level where concerns about subject matter and student diversity intersect sharply. A case study approach, augmented by a large sample survey, is used to understand the dynamics of adaptation to a changing student population. We document adaptations in curriculum, instruction, and assessment made by math and English teachers. We examine the goals, conceptions of subject matter, instructional practices, and views of learning of teachers who contrast in whether they did or did not reconceptualize and change their practice when faced with new students. We also examine ways in which their high school departments facilitated, supported, or inhibited change in teaching. The analysis focuses on 4 teachers in the same school district: an English and math teacher who adapted to new students and 2 respected colleagues who did not. Different patterns of goals, beliefs, and conceptions of subject matter and students are characteristic of teachers who adapt and those who do not, and patterns are surprisingly similar in both English and math. Survey data from a sample of public school teachers confirm the relationships suggested in the case studies.
A Mathematical Model to Study Liquid Inclusion Behavior at the Steel-Slag Interface

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The separation of non-metallic inclusions at the interface between the steel and the slag in the ladle, tundish and mold is an essential part of the production of clean steel. It is therefore, of great importance to have a deep understanding of the phenomena controlling the transfer of inclusions from the steel to the slag layer. In this work a mathematical model, derived from the equation of particle motion, have been used to study the transfer of liquid inclusions to slags. The effects of the drag, added mass, buoyancy and rebound force on the inclusion transfer are considered. The model relies, to a great extent, on the availability of accurate information of the magnitude of a number of physical properties of the involved phases. Among those properties, the interfacial tension between the phases and the slag viscosity were found to be the most critical. Due to the fact that the availability of experimentally obtained high-temperature physical property data, relevant to the industrial conditions, is scarce in the literature several different model descriptions have been used in this work to estimate these properties. The mathematical model has been used to investigate the separation of liquid non-metallic inclusions, of different size and composition, to a number of different industrial ladle slag compositions.