jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Correlation of 18F-FDG PET/MRE Metrics with Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Crohn’s Disease: A Pilot Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background . To investigate the association between 18F-FDG (Fluorodeoxyglucose) PET (positron emission tomography)/MRE (magnetic resonance enterography) metrics with the inflammatory biomarkers fecal calprotectin and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). Methods . This prospective pilot study was institutional review board (IRB) approved with informed consent obtained. Consecutive CD patients were referred to 18F-FDG PET/MRE. Patients in whom colonoscopy was performed and CRP and fecal calprotectin levels were measured were included. CRP and fecal calprotectin were regarded as positive for inflammation if they were greater than 0.5 mg/dl and 150 mcg/g, respectively. Correlation of quantitative variables was performed using the Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate the accuracy of PET and MRE metrics in determining the presence of inflammation evaluated by calprotectin and CRP levels. Results . Analysis of 21 patients (16 women and 5 men, 43±18 years) was performed. Magnetic resonance index of activity (MaRIA) score had an AUC of 0.63 associated with fecal calprotectin and CRP. Adding apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and metabolic inflammatory volume (MIV) to MaRIA score resulted in an AUC of 0.92 with a cutoff value of 447 resulting in 83% and 100% sensitivity and specificity, respectively. Conclusion . The addition of ADC and MIV to the MaRIA score increases the accuracy for discrimination of disease activity in patients with CD. Trial registration number is 2015062.
Marketing and consuming flowers in the Ottoman Empire

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the marketing and consumption of flowers as a commodity from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century in the Ottoman context, a non-Western context, and to identify the specificities and similarities to the wider regional context with which it interacts. Design/methodology/approach – Through utilising secondary historical data a two-level analysis is conducted. The first level provides information on the institutional actors such as flower merchants, the state, the flower research institutes, market channels and popular culture and their practices. The second level of analysis concerns the flower consumer. Findings – The paper shows that flower consumption and marketing in an early modern non-Western context was not totally divergent from its “Western” counterparts which share the same regional context, i.e. the Mediterranean. As part of the late Renaissance Mediterranean world, the flower cultivator as a leisure-time consumer is reminiscent of the “Renaissance man”, characterised as someone who consumes science, aesthetics and writing in his leisure time. However, Ottoman markets diverge from their counterparts through the formation of an institution, similar to a modern-day accreditation institution, which had an active role in generating standards, brands and norms for the flower market. Research limitations/implications – The paper is mainly focussed on Istanbul, the capital of the empire and a large city by contemporary standards. Generalisation to the Ottoman context would require further studies. Originality/value – The paper is original because marketing and consumption in non-Western histories, such as the Ottoman context, have been a neglected area, mainly because of a tendency to locate progress and modernisation in early modern west.
<title>AN/AAD-5 Infrared Sensor</title>

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes the AN/AAD-5 infrared reconnaissance sensor, a high performance line scanner which was developed by the HRC under USAF Systems Command funding for use in tactical aircraft like the Phantom II RF4. A brief history of the development cycle is given, followed by discussions of some of the technical and program problems encountered during the system design and the preproduction phases. The current production status of the AN/AAD-5 is then discussed and samples of the hard copy output from the sensor are shown. The entire paper is unclassified.
"Screen and Treat" Approach among VIA Positive Women during Cervical Cancer Screening Program: Experience at Low Resource Setting.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cancer of the uterine cervix is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity among women in poor countries. It is the most common reproductive cancer among women in Bangladesh and most women are diagnosed at advanced stage when appropriate treatment is not possible. But this cancer is preventable through proper screening and simultaneous treatment of premalignant lesions. The same day "Screen and Treat" approach is an endeavour to reach the goal especially at low resource settings. Ablation of precancerous lesions by thermo-coagulation is a promising mode of complete cure as this method is easy to apply, effective and relatively cheaper than other procedures. To avoid the issue of overtreatment, an intermediate approach- colposcopy can be used. Aim of this study was to diagnose premalignant lesions of cervix during screening procedure and to treat the lesions by thermo-coagulation at the same sitting. This prospective study was carried out at Upzilla Health Complex (UHC), Rangunia, from 3rd February 2018 to 6th February 2018 in a campaign of cervical cancer screening program by visual inspection of cervix with 5.00% acetic acid (VIA). About 1000 women attending the outpatient department were enrolled in this study by consecutive sampling technique according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Informed consent was taken after explaining the screening method, thermo-coagulation procedure and follow up schedule. VIA was found positive in 22 cases. Colposcopy was done in VIA positive cases by Gynocular colposcope. Punch biopsy was taken when colposcopy revealed positive in 12 women. Then thermo-coagulation was done. Histopathology report revealed, CIN1 (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1)- in 6 cases (50.00%); CIN 2 (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2)- in 01 case (8.33%); Chronic cervicitis with squamous metaplasia- in 05 cases (41.67%). Sensitivity and specificity of colposcopy was calculated considering colposcopy directed biopsy as gold standard, which was 100.00% and 75.00% respectively in CIN-1. While in CIN-2 it was 100.00% and 95.20% respectively. VIA is an effective screening tool for cancer cervix. Main advantage is the "screen and treat" approach can be attempted for at risk women in low resource setting by thermo-coagulation which is accepted by women while guaranteeing satisfactory cure rates. Thus, reduces loss to follow-up and have an impact on cervical cancer control.
[Germ cell testicular tumors: understanding the kinetics of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) during chemotherapy].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The analysis of longitudinal series of tumour markers during chemotherapy in patients with germ cells tumors is not easy. The purpose of this work is to present various characteristic profiles of the evolution of serum alpha-fetoprotein during chemotherapy and review the modalities of the dynamic interpretation of this marker.
Toolkit for the Input–Output Analysis of the Performance of Russian Economy in 1991–2013

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract Input–output analysis has been used to study the impact made by microstructure factors such as final demand and the matrix of input–output coefficients on the performance of the total gross output of the Russian Federation in 1990–2013. The contribution of these factors to the economic dynamics during the transformational recession in 1991–1998 and the subsequent restoration growth of 1999–2013 have been numerically estimated.
The Perception of Feedback and Strengthening the Feedback Process. A Qualitative Thematic Analysis Among Residents and Supervisors in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Medical education worldwide is currently undergoing a shift through the implementation of Competency Based Medical Education (CMBE). Feedback is a key factor for implementation of CBME as well as an important element in the process of continuous learning for healthcare professionals. We have investigated the perception of feedback and how to strengthen feedback processes among residents and supervisors in five anaesthesia and intensive care departments in Stockholm, Sweden. Method A survey was sent out to 101 residents and 168 supervisors in anaesthesia and intensive care in Stockholm. The data was analysed using thematic analysis. Results Our results show that both residents and supervisors had similar mental models of feedback. Feedback was considered to enhance teamwork, create positive reinforcement and support professional development. Our material provides insights to factors that inhibit feedback, such as psychological unsafety, lack of feedback culture and shortage of knowledge regarding feedback processes. Conclusion An organizational and systematic approach is needed to empower the use of feedback within the anaesthesia and critical care environment. Establishing good learning environments and strong feedback cultures is an investment for the future of medical education.
Time bounded adaptive information coverage in social networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we study the time-bounded adaptive information coverage problem with myopic feedback (TBAIC) under a variant of the independent cascade (IC) model. In practical applications, time or deadline is a critical factor to evaluate the effectiveness of a strategy. Along this line, with considering deadline [Formula: see text], we sequentially select [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) nodes as seed nodes, one at a time step, from a social network, and after a seed is selected at step [Formula: see text], it reveals the set of its activated neighbors, which will be valuable information for selecting subsequent seeds. On the other hand, during information propagation, if an active node fails to activate its neighbors, though not become active, those neighbors will know the information and may become active at a later step, we name them as covered nodes. In terms of information coverage, those covered nodes also make contributions. Therefore, our problem aims to choose a policy to maximize the expected cumulative number of both active and covered nodes throughout the time within deadline. We prove that our problem is adaptive monotone and adaptive submodular, which guarantees the adaptive greedy policy with myopic feedback to achieve an approximation ratio of [Formula: see text]. Additionally, we propose two algorithms to speed up the greedy policy.
Non-Hermitian generalizations of the Yao–Lee model augmented by SO(3)-symmetry-breaking terms

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate non-Hermitian versions of the Yao–Lee model, supplemented by various kinds of SO(3)-symmetry-breaking terms, preserving the solvability of the model. The parent model hosts three species of Majorana fermions, thereby serving as an extension of the two-dimensional Kitaev model on the honeycomb lattice. The non-Hermitian couplings represent generic situations when the system is coupled to the environment and, thus, undergoes dissipation. The resulting eigenvalue spectrum and the eigenmodes show a rich structure of exceptional points as well as non-Hermitian skin effects. We chart out such exotic behavior for some representative parameter regimes.
Speckle-reduced holographic display by modulating complex amplitude in single-lens system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a method for calculating phase-only computer-generated hologram (CGH) in holographic display with reduced speckle noise. The method works by encoding the desired complex-amplitude field of object into a phase-only CGH by a linear canonical transform algorithm. The complex-amplitude field can then be reconstructed independently from the encoded CGH using a filter at the Fourier plane of a single-lens optical system. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by a simulation experiment. An optical experiment for holographic display was also conducted with reduced speckle using a single phase-only spatial-light modulator. The object was, in fact, reconstructed with different depth of focus clearly without speckle noise due to the simultaneous modulation of both amplitude and phase, confirming our method’s ability to suppress speckle noise in holographic displays by modulating complex amplitude in three-dimensional space.
Mechanical Properties of Luffa Fiber Reinforced Recycled Polymer Composite

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Environmental issues over the eventual fate of post-consumer polymers can be dealt with in two separate ways which is recycling or using biodegradable polymers. However, it is evident that recycling polymers from post-consumer polymers can decrease the mechanical properties over time. Hence, to strengthen the recycled polymers, integrating fibers, such as luffa, into the High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) matrix, was carried out to produce a fiber reinforced recycled polymer (FRrP) composite. The tensile testing of the FRrP composite shows that the 10% fiber volume fraction (FVF) composite exhibits a higher tensile strength of 3.9% than the neat recycled HDPE (RHDPE). In terms of Young’s Modulus, the 5% FVF of FRrP is shown to have a higher value than the neat RHDPE by 54%. The low density of luffa fibers also contributes to the composites lightweight character. The impact testing shows that the FRrP enhances the impact properties when compared to the neat RHDPE. The peak load, perforation energy, and the total energy absorbed by the FRrP indicate an increasing trend when luffa, of up to 15% FVF, is added as the reinforcement. Thus, the addition of luffa as reinforcement in RHDPE shows significant potential as a high-performance, sustainable, and environmentally friendly material, such as automotive parts and protective gear.
Metabolic costs of brain size evolution

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Abstract In the ongoing discussion about brain evolution in vertebrates, the main interest has shifted from theories focusing on energy balance to theories proposing social or ecological benefits of enhanced intellect. With the availability of a wealth of new data on basal metabolic rate (BMR) and brain size and with the aid of reliable techniques of comparative analysis, we are able to show that in fact energetics is an issue in the maintenance of a relatively large brain, and that brain size is positively correlated with the BMR in mammals, controlling for body size effects. We conclude that attempts to explain brain size variation in different taxa must consider the ability to sustain the energy costs alongside cognitive benefits.
A system for presenting steering information during visual flight (the head-up display): part 3: the influence of errors and limitations

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This Report follows Technical Notes IAP 1132 and 1138, which dealt with the location and form of visual information in the Read-Up Display, and concludes the basic work on the presentation of steering information during visual flight. It is ooncerned with the influence of errors and limitations arising both in generating and in presenting the visible form of the display. When a display is generated by electronic means errors of form and noise effects may occur. Form errors do not affect performance as long as the user is able to identify and interpret significant configurations of components of display form, whilst gross deformations are acceptable under specific conditions. Effects of noise in a fixated field are negligible unless manifest differentially in components of the field. The means used to present the display may limit the information capacity of the system and may give rise to misalignment effects. Adequate capacity is available for instrument flight information but the form of display is to some extent prescribed. Misalignment is tolerabIe under certain circumstances.
‘Not because they are Jews’

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Quakers were the only organised body of Christians in Manchester to take collective measures for the rescue of the victims of Nazism. Individuals of the Christian faith—Methodists, Congregationalists and Unitarians—were to be found in refugee support organisations and amongst the advocates of tolerance towards refugees, but the branches of Christianity to which they belonged engaged in no concerted action on the refugees' behalf. For the Roman Catholic Church in the Salford Diocese, it was a matter of principle. Whatever the feelings of their congregants, the hierarchy of the Church in Salford was disinclined to put itself out in the rescue of refugees, particularly those of Jewish origin. The response of the Roman Catholic Church to refugees was particularly shaped by the Church's response to the rise of Fascism.
Preliminary Investigation Comparing Rectified and Unrectified Sockets for Transtibial Amputees

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In Brief The current method for fabricating prosthetic sockets is to modify a positive mold to account for the nonhomogeneity of the residual limb to tolerate load (i.e., rectified socket). We tested unrectified sockets by retaining the shape of the residual limb, except for a distal end pad, using an alginate gel process during casting. This investigation compared rectified and unrectified sockets. Ten adults with unilateral transtibial amputations were tested after randomly wearing both rectified and unrectified sockets for 4 weeks. Testing included a gait analysis, energy expenditure, and Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire (PEQ). Results indicated no differences between sockets for gait speed and timing, gait kinematics and kinetics, gait energy expenditure, and rate of perceived exertion. There were no differences in the PEQ. Four subjects selected the rectified socket, and six selected the unrectified socket as exit sockets. The alginate gel method of fabricating the socket was simpler and less time-consuming than the traditional method. This method could be helpful in countries in which prosthetic care is lacking and may be helpful in typical clinics to reduce costs and free the prosthetist to focus more time on patient needs. Preliminary results indicate that more than one paradigm may exist for shaping sockets. Understanding the mechanisms for these paradigms could lead to customizing the socket to better meet the varying needs of individual patients. This article compares test results for two types of prosthetic sockets; rectified and unrectified. The rectified method is the traditional and currently favored mode of socket fabrication. However, user test results indicated no differences between the two methods in several key areas of evaluation.
The context of the possible IFRS for SMES implementation in Romania: an exploratory study

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The latest result of the IASB's efforts to increase the comparability of accounting information seems to be the IFRS for SMEs. The aim of this paper is in this context to offer insights on some issues associated to a possible implementation of IFRS for SMEs in Romania. We extensively review the relevant literature in order to discuss the problems with the conceptual foundation of the standard, such as the concept of SMEs, users and their needs. We also use a mixture of interviews and textual analysis in order to identify potential distortions in the application of the IFRS for SMEs in Romania. The analysis of the current regulation in Romania (OMFP 1752) vs. IFRS (for SMEs) shows that there are still many inconsistencies in our current legislation, both on conceptual and normative level. This is even more emphasized by accounting practice, as it turns out from the interviews undertaken.
A Neural Network Based Brain-Computer Interface for Classification of Movement Related EEG

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A brain-computer interface, BCI, is a technical system that allows a person to control the external world without relying on muscle activity. This thesis presents an EEG based BCI designed for automatic classification of two dimensional hand movements. The long-term goal of the project is to build an intuitive communication system for operation by people with severe motor impairments. If successful, such system could for example be used by a paralyzed patient to control a word processor or a wheelchair. The developed BCI was tested in an offine pilot study. In response to an external cue, a test subject moved a joystick in one of four directions. During the movement, EEG was recorded from seven electrodes mounted on the subject's scalp. An autoregressive model was fitted to the data, and the extracted coefficients were used as input features to a neural network based classifier. The classifier was trained to recognize the direction of the movements. During the first half of the experiment, real physical movements were performed. In the second half, subjects were instructed just to imagine the hand moving the joystick, but to avoid any muscle activity. The results of the experiment indicate that the EEG signals do in fact contain extractable and classifiable information about the performed movements, during both physical and imagined movements.
Evaluation of Cadmium, Lead and Mercury Contents in Some Commercially Valuable Fish Species of Caspian Sea and Persian Gulf

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Fish and fish products are consumed in many countries as a considerable source of nutrients. The heavy metals contents are known to increase drastically in the marine environment. OBJECTIVES: The present study investigated the contents of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) in four com-mercially valuable fish species of the Caspian Sea (Rutilus frisii kutum) and Persian Gulf (Parastromateus niger, Pomadasys kaakan, and Scomberomorus commerson). METHODS: A total of 200 samples were collected randomly from fresh fish. A microwave-assisted digestion method was conducted to prepare fish samples and atomic absorption spectroscopy was used for determining heavy metals. RESULTS: The ranges obtained for heavy metals were 0.013-0.038, 0.127-0.352, and 0.007-0.067 mg/kg for Cd, Pb, and Hg, respectively. No fish species overpassed the standard concentrations of metals set by the national or international standards, except for the mean level of Pb in Parastromateus niger. CONCLUSIONS: Results of the present study indicated that Pb, Cd, and Hg were found in Iranian fish species exclu-sively in trace levels except for the Pb content of the black pomfret of the Persian Gulf. The concentrations of these elements did not exceed the legal limits of the European Commission or the Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran.