jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Clonidine-induced coronary vasodilatation in isolated guinea pig heart is not mediated by endothelial alpha2 adrenoceptors.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Functional role of endothelial alpha(2)-adrenoceptor in coronary circulation remains unclear. Clonidine, an agonist of alpha(2)-adrenoceptors, was reported to induce coronary vasodilatation via stimulation of endothelial alpha(2)-adrenoceptors or coronary vasoconstriction involving vascular smooth muscle alpha(2)-adrenoceptors. Moreover, H(2) receptor-dependent responses to clonidine were described. Here, we reassess the contribution of endothelial alpha(2)-adrenoceptor and H(2) receptors to coronary flow and contractility responses induced by clonidine in the isolated guinea pig heart. We found that clonidine (10(-9) - 10(-6) M) produced concentration-dependent coronary vasoconstriction without a significant change in contractility. This response was inhibited by the alpha(1)/alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist - phentolamine (10(-5) M) and the selective alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine (10(-6) M), but it was not changed by the selective alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin (10(-6) M). In the presence of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-NAME (10(-4) M) the clonidine-induced vasoconstriction was potentiated. Clonidine at high concentrations of 10(-5) - 3 x 10(-5) M produced coronary vasodilatation, and an increase in myocardial contractility. These responses were abolished by a selective H(2)-receptor antagonist, ranitidine (10(-5) M), but not by phentolamine (10(-5) M). We conclude that in the isolated guinea pig heart, clonidine-induced vasoconstriction is mediated by activation of smooth muscle alpha(2)-adrenoceptors whereas clonidine-induced coronary vasodilatation is mediated by activation of vascular H(2) histaminergic receptors. Accordingly, endothelial alpha(2)-adrenoceptors does not seem to play a major role in coronary flow response induced by clonidine.
Mucosal expression and luminal release of epidermal and transforming growth factors in patients with duodenal ulcer before and after eradication of Helicobacter pylori.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) are potent gastric acid inhibitors and stimuli of mucosal growth and protection but their involvement in Helicobacter pylori associated duodenal ulcer has been little examined. AIM: To assess gastric acid secretion, plasma gastrin concentrations, mucosal content of EGF and TGF alpha, and mucosal expression of these peptides and their receptor (EGFr) as well as salivary and gastric luminal release of EGF under basal conditions and after pentagastrin stimulation in 10 healthy subjects and in 25 H pylori positive patients with duodenal ulcer before and after two weeks of triple anti-H pylori therapy and four weeks after the termination of this therapy. RESULTS: Pentagastrin stimulation caused a significant increase in salivary and gastric release of EGF both in healthy controls and patients with duodenal ulcers but in the patients, the eradication of H pylori resulted in several fold higher gastric luminal (but not salivary) EGF release than before the anti-H pylori therapy. Mucosal contents of immunoreactive EGF and TGF alpha and mucosal expression of EGF, TGF alpha, and EGFr in H pylori positive patients with duodenal ulcer were significantly higher than those in healthy H pylori negative controls and this increase persisted after eradication of H pylori. Basal plasma gastrin was significantly reduced after two weeks of triple therapy and four weeks after the H pylori eradication all ulcers were completely healed. CONCLUSIONS: (1) H pylori infection in patients with duodenal ulcer was accompanied by enhanced plasma gastrin and increased mucosal content and expression of TGF alpha, EGF, and EGFr; (2) H pylori eradication resulted in ulcer healing, reduction in plasma gastrin, and enhancement of gastric (but not salivary) luminal release of EGF, particularly after pentagastrin stimulation; and (3) enhanced mucosal content and expression of TGF alpha, EGF, and EGFr and increased luminal release of EGF may contribute to ulcer healing after eradication of H pylori.
Sinojohnstonia henanensis (Boraginaceae), a new species from Henan, China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sinojohnstonia henanensis , a new species from the Muzhaling Scenic Area in Henan Province, China, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to S. chekiangensis and S. ruhuaii but differs from the former in the size of the basal leaves, calyx size, color and size of the corolla, and length of the style; and from the latter in cauline petiole length, calyx size, color and size of the corolla, stamen insertion, filament length, and style length. Additionally, the conservation status and other pertinent notes are provided.
Ulinka Rublack. The Astronomer and the Witch: Johannes Kepler’s Fight for His Mother.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Johannes Kepler has always been among the most enigmatic of the early modern astronomers. Famous today for his laws of planetary motion and his defense of the Copernican system, he also infused his astronomy with a religious mysticism and believed fervently in God’s celestial design and his own ability to read it. Ulinka Rublack’s The Astronomer and the Witch: Johannes Kepler’s Fight for His Mother adds a superb new view of the full complexity of Kepler’s fascinating life. The book centers on the intertwined story of Kepler and his mother, Katharina, against whom rumors of witchcraft snowballed into a full-blown accusation and court trial in the years 1615–1621. In the midst of finishing his Harmony of the World (1619) and Epitome (1618–1621), Kepler lent help to his mother and eventually hurried home to defend her. He also, however, took steps to protect his career by distancing himself from her in his writings. Based on meticulous research and written in beautiful prose, The Astronomer and the Witch presents a compelling tale that touches on the full range of early modern life: politics and religion, law and medicine, gender and science.
A novel coding scheme of nuclear receptor subfamilies prediction

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Nuclear receptors (NRs) are important transcriptional regulators in animals.They regulate different functions, such as lipid, reproduction, carbohydrate metabolism, fibrosis and metabolism.NRs form a category of phylogenetically evolutional proteins and have been separated into diverse subfamilies on account of their domain function.But for predicting the subfamilies, the preliminary step is to distinguish whether the protein sequence is a nuclear receptor or non-nuclear receptor.The sample with a pseudo amino acid (PseAA) composition representation of the protein sequence so as to incorporate a plentiful amount of protein sequence pattern information in order to increase the prediction precision for the classification.This article, which is based on the value of hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, side-chain mass for sequence, we put forward a new percentage of method to predict types from protein sequences of subfamilies.Three percentages are on the base of the physical and chemical properties were collected from each of the protein sequences are made for their PseAA.It could testify by means of the jackknife cross-check method that the total successful rate are over 95%.The experimental results indicate that bioinformatics based on theory methodology can simplify and make experimental studies more intuitive.
Temperature Adjustment Controller of Vegetable Greenhouse

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to realize the automatization control of temperature in vegetable greenhouses,signal was collected with temperature sensor and the temperature in greenhouses was adjusted after control circuit treatment and opening the terminal execution equipment. The simple circuit and precise parameters were achieved by using LM35 sensor in the temperature acquisition. A single temperature sensor was upgraded as sensing of temperature range by using dual-adjustable design scheme. And the equipment of real-time temperature display circuit made it more operational.
Interdisciplinary Evaluation of Cerebral Hemodynamics in the Treatment of Arteriovenous Fistulae Associated with Giant Varices

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The techniques for the treatment of intracranial arteriovenous fistulae include angiographic balloon occlusion of the fistula as well as direct surgical attack. Regardless of the method, the occurrence of severe hyperemia caused by a lack of autoregulation after obliteration of the fistula remains a significant concern. We report the use of single photon emission computed tomography and transcranial Doppler studies to assess the occurrence of hyperemia during trial balloon occlusion of such fistulae in two patients. Single photon emission computed tomography and transcranial Doppler studies confirmed the lack of hyperemia during the test occlusion, allowing consideration of treatment plans involving acute fistula occlusion without the difficulty imposed by gradual occlusion and permitting a more accurate evaluation of risk. The purpose of this report is to illustrate how clinical evaluation of intracranial hemodynamics can contribute significantly to treatment decisions.
Prevalence of antibody to hepatitis A virus in the Santa Cruz region of Bolivia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Several epidemiological studies have shown the worldwide distribution of hepatitis A with the highest prevalence of anti-HAV antibodies in developing countries (Papaevangelou 1984). There is no information about the epidemiology of hepatitis A in Bolivia. The goal of this study was to evaluate the anti-HAV antibody prevalence in the Santa Cruz region, southeastern Bolivia.
English Teachers’ Instructional Practices as Determinants to Students’ 21st Century Skills

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The study aimed to examine how the instructional methods employed by English teachers and the overall academic performance of students contribute to the development of 21st-century skills The research involved 277 students from public senior high schools in Bais City. It utilized a descriptive-correlational approach, using a validated questionnaire for data collection, and applied statistical methods including mean, weighted mean, and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis for data analysis. The study revealed that the extent of teachers’ instructional practices in terms of drills, contextualization, mediated learning, technology in the classroom, visualization, cooperative learning, and inquiry-based learning is “high.” It was also found that the students’ 21st-century skills in terms of problem-solving, information literacy, and critical thinking are classified as “high.” Moreover, the visualization and inquiry-based learning practices of the teachers were found to be significant predictors of the students’ problem-solving skills. In addition, the results indicated that contextualization, use of technology in class, visualization, and cooperative learning are determinants of students’ information literacy skills. Lastly, the findings signified that the use of technology in class and cooperative learning significantly predict students’ critical thinking skills.
Preparation and Properties of Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Polyurethane for Superfine Fiber Leather

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Polyurethane (PU) superfine fiber leathers have been widely used in people's life. However, the flammability brings potential risks to their application. Therefore, more and more attention has been paid to the flame retardant modification of PU leathers. In the 1980s, researchers found that some brominated flame retardants produced dioxins during combustion. In 2007, the EU began implementing the REACH regulation, which restricted the use of certain halogenated flame retardants, so a majority of studies focused on halogen-free flame retardant modification. In addition, the halogen-free flame retardant PU should own a better alkali resistance, because alkali treatment is needed in the forming process of the superfine fiber leather. In this paper, two different halogen-free flame retardants were blended with solvent-based PU. The flame retardant properties and alkali resistance of the flame retardant PU were studied by limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, vertical burning (UL-94) test, and thermogravimetry-infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR). It was found that BY-90 system flame retardant could be uniformly dispersed in the PU matrix. And when its additive volume was 27%, the LOI value of the flame retardant PU was 27.1%, the vertical burning test could reach V-0 level. Moreover, it also had good alkali resistance. The LOI value remained at 26.1% after the alkali treatment at 90 °C for 40 min in the 30g/L NaOH solution.
Template Synthesis of MoN Superconducting Nanowires

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We have demonstrated a new facile method for the controllable synthesis of high quality single-phase MoN nanowires with Tc 10.5 K from Mo6S2I8 nanowires templates. The MoN nanowire diameters were controlled exclusively by the Mo6S2I8 nanowires template diameters, which were in the range between several tens and several hundreds of nanometers in this study. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that Ohmic contacts can be prepared on δ3-MoN nanowires with ion beam induced platinum deposition using an FIB, allowing detailed characterization of the superconducting and transport properties of MoN nanowires. In addition, we have demonstrated straightforward synthesis of porous δ3-MoN nanowires and nanotubes from MoS2 nanotubes. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with wave dispersive analysis, transmission electron microscopy, four probe electrical transport measurements and SQUID were used to characterize the starting nanowires and nanotubes and the final products.
The role of public library services in societal empowerment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper examines the vital contribution of public libraries to the socio-economic and cultural empowerment of the Nigerian people. The paper argues that the three tiers of government, as well as non-governmental organizations and agencies in Nigeria, have not being carrying libraries along, as they should in their efforts at empowering the masses. This could be because they seem not to believe that libraries have vital roles to play in influencing the standard of living of the societies they serve, by way of adequate provision of information. This paper therefore highlights and discuses some agents of poverty; It also examines some poverty eradication measures already taken by governments at all levels; Public library services that encourage and enhance socio-economic and cultural activities are also enumerated and discussed. The paper makes recommendations that could facilitate the provision of professional services by public libraries for the empowerment of the Nigerian masses. Keywords: Role, public, library, services, society, and empowerment > IFI PsychologIA Vol. 27 2006: pp. 152-172
What I was thinking/what I would do differently: Biological markers and mechanisms of mental health

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract At the 39th meeting of the International Society of Traumatic Stress Studies, four leading scientists and clinicians were invited to reflect on their careers, focusing on the biological mechanisms and markers of traumatic stress. Dr. Raul Andero has contributed to understanding how stress alters memory networks in the brain, influencing the development of novel treatments. Dr. Tanja Jovanovic has pioneered the measurement and mechanistic understanding of fear learning, bridging basic and clinical research. Dr. Murray B. Stein has scaled up clinical and lab observations to large populations, refining the field's understanding of traumatic stress. Dr. Arieh Y Shalev has shaped the definition of traumatic stress, pioneering the longitudinal investigation of stress and integrating advanced computational methods to identify individuals at risk. These panelists were asked to reflect on their initial problems, ambitions, concerns, and unexpected challenges, as well as the influence of their work, on new research trajectories. Their insights provide valuable lessons about the process and content of their work, and their pioneering efforts have significantly advanced our understanding of the biological mechanisms and markers of traumatic stress.
Research on Active Intelligent Perception Technology of Vessel Situation Based on Multisensor Fusion

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we focus on the safety supervision of inland vessels. This paper especially aims at studying the vessel target detection and dynamic tracking algorithm based on computer vision and the target fusion algorithm based on multisensor. For the vessel video target detection and tracking, this paper analyzes the current widely used methods and theories. Additionally, facing the application scenarios and characteristics of inland vessels, a comprehensive vessel video target detection algorithm is proposed in this paper. It is combined with a three-frame difference method based on Canny edge detection and a background subtraction method based on mixed Gaussian background modeling. Besides, for the multisensor target fusion, the processing method of laser point cloud data and automatic identification system (AIS) data is analyzed in this paper. Based on the idea of fuzzy mathematics, this paper proposes a method for calculating the fuzzy correlation matrix with normal membership function, which realizes the fusion of vessel track features of laser point cloud data and AIS data under dynamic video correction. Finally, through this method, a set of vessel situation active intelligent perception systems based on multisensor fusion was developed. Experiments show that this method has better environmental applicability and detection accuracy than traditional manual detection and any single monitoring method.
Path Loss Analysis Considering Atmospheric Refractivity and Precipitation for Air-to-Ground Radar

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This letter reports a correlation analysis of path loss considering atmospheric refractivity and precipitation in an air-to-ground radar application. For the path loss estimation, the refractivity and rainfall attenuation models are derived using actual atmospheric data. The path loss along the range and altitude is obtained using parabolic equation software tool (PETOOL). The digital terrain elevation data (DTED) of the Suwon-Osan area, the radar antenna beam pattern, and environmental models are employed in the PETOOL. Then, we expand the path loss calculation in an azimuthal scan to observe the illuminated field intensity on the ground for a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) application. The results confirm that the illuminated field intensity for SAR applications is closely related to refractivity and precipitation.
Nonlinear inverse filtering in the presence of noise

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In an earlier paper we have considered the problem of separating signals from an additive mixture with nonlinear (chaotic) noise. Our approach has been based on an understanding of the effect of linear filters on nonlinear processes. In particular, we were able to demonstrate the usefulness, in this context, of nonlinear filters which act as the inverse of given linear filters. In this paper we extend this work by investigating the effects of stochastic noise on these methods. We discuss the robustness of the inverse filters in the presence of noise, and describe how nonlinear noise reduction methods developed for chaotic systems can be used in conjunction with inverse filters to improve the signal separation when stochastic noise is present. We illustrate this discussion with a synthetic example using speech data.
Current Situation Study of "Superbug" NDM-1

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Metallo-β-lactamase is the sub-class B of β-lactamase,and NDM-1 is a new subgroup of metal-β-lactamases discovered recently.The bacteria carrying NDM-1 gene that called superbug are resistant to almost all antibiotics.This article focused on the origin,molecular characteristics,transmission routes and prevention measures of Superbug.
Biochemical and RAPD Analysis ofHibiscus rosa sinensisInduced by Heavy Metals

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present study was designed to assess the effects of three different metals (cadmium, lead, and zinc) at the same concentrations on Hibiscus rosa sinensis during metal uptake. The effects of different metals at the same concentrations were assessed on biomass, root-shoot length, and biochemical parameters like chlorophyll and antioxidant enzymes like SOD and CAT to establish the tolerance potential and toxic effects on plants in different metals. The accumulation of metals by plants was found to be in the following order: Zn > mixed metals > Cd > Pb, where Zn was accumulated approximately 79.6% in plant tissues. Plants removed from Cd showed more enzyme activities than the other two metals. DNA stability was investigated by a Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique, which demonstrated that the samples in Cd and mixed metal showed similar trends, whereas samples in Zn and Pb showed similar band intensity to the control. Results suggested that Cd and/or heavy metal stress influences antioxidant status and also induces DNA changes during remediation. Therefore, these studies could be a useful biomarker assay for better treatment for metals' remediation from soil by means of phytoremediation.
Comparative effects of liraglutide 3 mg vs structured lifestyle modification on body weight, liver fat and liver function in obese patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: A pilot randomized trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We compared the effects of weight loss induced by the glucagon‐like peptide 1‐agonist liraglutide with a structured lifestyle intervention in obese adults with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ). Obese (body mass index ≥30 kg/m 2 , mean weight 96.0 ± 16.3 kg) non‐diabetic Asian adults, with NAFLD diagnosed by liver fat fraction ( LFF ) ≥ 5.5% on magnetic resonance imaging without other causes of hepatic steatosis, were randomized to a supervised program of dieting (restriction by 400 kilocalories/d) plus moderate‐intensity aerobic exercise (~200 min/wk; DE group, n = 12), or liraglutide at the 3 mg daily dose approved for weight loss ( LI group, n = 12), for 26 weeks. Both DE and LI groups had significant ( P < .01) and similar reductions in weight (−3.5 ± 3.3 vs −3.5 ± 2.1 kg, respectively, P = .72), LFF (−8.9 ± 13.4 vs −7.2% ± 7.1%, P = .70), serum alanine aminotransferase (−42 ± 46 vs −34 ± 27 U/L, P = .52) and aspartate aminotransferase (−23 ± 24 vs −18 ± 15 U/L, P = .53). In this first randomized study comparing the 2 weight‐loss modalities for improving NAFLD , liraglutide was as effective as structured lifestyle modification.