jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Application of Nanomaterials in Medicine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

With the advancement of nanotechnology, an increasing array of nanomaterials is being applied in the field of medicine, leveraging their unique size-related characteristics for various purposes including treatment and disease detection. This article aims to summarize the current applications of nanomaterials in medicine, delving into an in-depth exploration and summary of four specific types of materials including nano-biomaterials, nanocomposites, nanometal particles, and nanoporous materials, focusing on their functionality, characteristics, and prospects for development. This article intends to foster further advancement of nanomaterials in the medical field by summarizing their medical applications and encouraging cross-disciplinary inspiration and new ideas. This could lead to the development of more cost-effective and efficient nanomaterial applications in medicine, benefiting a broader range of patients. It is hoped that in the future, nanomaterials will enter a phase of rapid development, with reduced costs and expanded applications, gradually transitioning from experimental to practical clinical use.
Chemical Characterization and Antioxidant Potential of Wild Ganoderma Species from Ghana

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The chemical characterization and antioxidant potential of twelve wild strains of Ganoderma sp. from Ghana, nine (LS1–LS9) of which were found growing wild simultaneously on the same dying Delonix regia tree, were evaluated. Parameters evaluated included the nutritional value, composition in sugars, fatty acids, phenolic and other organic compounds and some vitamins and vitamin precursors. Antioxidant potential was evaluated by investigating reducing power, radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition using five in vitro assays. Protein, carbohydrate, fat, ash and energy contents ranged between 15.7–24.5 g/100 g·dw, 73.31–81.90 g/100 g, 0.48–1.40 g/100 g, 0.68–2.12 g/100 g ash and 396.1–402.02 kcal/100 g, respectively. Fatty acids such as linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids were relatively abundant. Free sugars included rhamnose, fructose, mannitol, sucrose and trehalose. Total tocopherols, organic acids and phenolic compounds’ content ranged between 741–3191 µg/100 g, 77–1003 mg/100 g and 7.6–489 µg/100 g, respectively. There were variations in the β-glucans, ergosterol and vitamin D2 contents. The three major minerals in decreasing order were K > P > S. Ganoderma sp. strain AM1 showed the highest antioxidant activity. This study reveals, for the first time, chemical characteristics of Ganoderma spp. which grew simultaneously on the same tree.
Experiences, Seemings, and Perceptual Justification

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Several philosophers have distinguished between three distinct mental states that play a role in visual recognition: experiences, propositional seemings, and beliefs. I clarify and offer some reasons for drawing this three-fold distinction, and I consider its epistemological implications. Some philosophers have held that propositional seemings always confer prima facie justification, regardless of a particular seeming's relation to experience. I add to criticisms of this view in the literature by arguing that it fails to solve a version of the 'problem of the speckled hen'. A more promising view holds that propositional seemings confer justification only when appropriately related to experiences. I offer advice for developing such an account.
Evaluation of parents’ satisfaction, loyalty and trust levels who apply to tertiary pediatric hospital

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Amaç: Gelişen sağlık sektörü hastaların hastane ve doktor seçmelerine olanak sağlamaktadır. Bunun sonucu olarak hasta memnuniyeti, bağlılık ve güven düzeylerinin önemi artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ebeveynlerin memnuniyet, bağlılık ve güven düzeylerinin belirlenmesini amaçladık.Gereç ve Yöntem: 20 Nisan – 30 Mayıs 2019 tarihleri arasında hastanemize başvuran ve çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 464 anne-baba dahil edildi. Ebeveynlerin hasta memnuniyeti, bağlılık ve güven düzeyleri belirlenmeye çalışıldı.Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 464 ebeveynin, 287’si (%61,9) kadın, 177’si (%38,1) erkekti ve ortalama yaş 33,6±10,06 yıl olarak bulundu. Katılımcıların ortalama memnuniyet puanı 4,14 ± 0,67, hasta bağlılık puanı 4,07±0,76 ve hekim güven düzeyi puanı 4,17±0,69 olarak saptandı. Çocuğunda kronik hastalık öyküsü olan ebeveynlerin memnuniyet, bağlılık ve hasta-hekim güven düzeylerinin anlamlı olarak düşük olduğu saptandı. Hasta memnuniyeti ile bağlılık, hasta-hekim güven düzeyi arasında anlamlı ilişki saptandı (sırasıyla p=0,01 ve p=0,019).Sonuç: Ebeveynlerin hasta memnuniyeti, bağlılık ve güven düzeyleri yüksek bulunsa da, çocuklarında kronik hastalık öyküsü olan ebeveynlerin memnuniyet, bağlılık ve hasta-doktor güven düzeyleri anlamlı olarak düşük bulundu.
PSIM: Periodically Shifted Interleaved Memory System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Interleaved memory schemes have been used to increase the memory bandwidth. In this paper, we propose a new interleaved memory scheme called PSIM (Periodically Shifted Interleaved Memory), which allows high memory bandwidths at the sacrifice of very small memory space. It is a stride dependent scheme where the processor utilization is 100% for most strides using a power-of-two number of memory modules. We show, analytically and then by simulation, that the efficiency of PSIM is consistently higher than not only earlier stride dependent schemes but also stride independent schemes for both short and long vector accesses
THE VALUE OF PREOPERATIVE PROGNOSTIC NUTRITIONAL INDEX IN GASTRIC CANCER AFTER CURATIVE RESECTION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Predicting short- and long-term outcomes of oncological therapies is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies. Malnutrition and the host immune status significantly affect outcomes in major surgeries. AIMS: To assess the value of preoperative prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in predicting outcomes in gastric cancer patients. METHODS: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted on patients undergoing curative-intent surgery for gastric adenocarcinoma between 2009 and 2020. PNI was calculated as follows: PNI=(10 x albumin [g/dL])+(0.005 x lymphocytes [nº/mm3]). The optimal cutoff value was determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve (PNI cutoff=52), and patients were grouped into low and high PNI. RESULTS: Of the 529 patients included, 315 (59.5%) were classified as a low-PNI group (PNI<52) and 214 (40.5%) as a high-PNI group (PNI≥52). Older age (p=0.050), male sex (p=0.003), American Society of Anesthesiologists score (ASA) III/IV (p=0.001), lower hemoglobin level (p<0.001), lower body mass index (p=0.001), higher neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (p<0.001), D1 lymphadenectomy, advanced pT stage, pN+ and more advanced pTNM stage were related to low-PNI patient. Furthermore, 30-day (1.4 vs. 4.8%; p=0.036) and 90-day (3.3 vs. 10.5%; p=0.002) mortality rates were higher in low-PNI compared to high-PNI group. Disease-free and overall survival were worse in low-PNI patients compared to high-PNI (p<0.001 for both). ASA III/IV score, low-PNI, pT3/T4, and pN+ were independent risk factors for worse survival. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative PNI can predict short- and long-term outcomes of patients with gastric cancer after curative gastrectomy. Low PNI is an independent factor related to worse disease-free and overall survival.
Temporal Profiling of Molecular Alterations in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus During Angiotensin‐II Hypertension

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) plays a central role in cardiovascular regulation including hypertension development in response to elevations in angiotensin‐II (Ang‐II). Upstream circumventricular nuclei located outside of the blood‐brain‐barrier sense circulating Ang‐II and influence PVN endocrine and autonomic regulation via efferent synaptic projections. Despite progress in unraveling the function of circumventricular‐PVN networks in neurogenic hypertension development, the underlying PVN mechanisms responsible for hypertension development remain unclear. In particular, most investigations have examined PVN alterations during established hypertension, which limits insight into molecular changes that may occur prior to hypertension development. Based on this, we performed a detailed temporal profiling of key molecular targets in the PVN during Ang‐II hypertension progression. Male C57Bl/6J mice were implanted with subcutaneous osmotic minipumps for chronic delivery of low dose Ang‐II (600 ng/kg/min). Brains were harvested for immunohistochemistry analysis of target molecules across rostral to caudal subregions of the PVN (n=3‐4/group) at baseline (day 0), pre‐hypertensive (days 3 and 7), and established‐hypertension (day 14) timepoints. Previous work has suggested a role for arginine vasopressin (AVP) in Ang‐II‐induced hypertension. In line with this, AVP immunoreactivity in the PVN was elevated within 3 days of Ang‐II infusion; this was evident only in the caudal PVN (day 3 fold change: 2.5±0.2, density/cell, p<0.05), whereas AVP expression in the rostral and medial portions was unchanged. Interestingly, caudal AVP immunoreactivity returned to basal levels by day 7 and remained low for the remainder of the protocol. In contrast to AVP, oxytocin expression was unchanged across the rostral to caudal PVN during 2‐week Ang‐II hypertension development. We also measured preproenkephalin (PPE) immunoreactivity, and found a progressive increase throughout the entire PVN with elevations initiated at pre‐hypertensive times (day 7 fold change: 2.0±0.1, density/area, p=0.08) that were sustained during established hypertension (day 14 fold change: 2.6±0.3, density/area, p<0.05). To test possible involvement of the arcuate nucleus, which transmits circulating information from the median eminence to the PVN, in Ang‐II hypertension, we measured alpha‐melanocortin stimulating hormone (alpha‐MSH) levels. Histological analysis for alpha‐MSH immunoreactivity in the PVN, as an indicator of synaptic innervation strength from arcuate nucleus proopiomelanocortin neurons, revealed no changes during Ang‐II infusion. Collectively, these findings indicate elevations in PVN AVP and PPE, but not oxytocin and alpha‐MSH, in response to elevations in circulating Ang‐II. Furthermore, the temporal responses suggest that different PVN molecules may be responsible for the initiation (e.g. AVP) versus maintenance (e.g. PPE) of Ang‐II hypertension.
What exactly did the judge decide? Clear language and well-arranged structure lead to better comprehensible court judgments

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In recent years, judicial authorities in the Netherlands have started paying more and more attention to the linguistic and textual quality of their judgments. This is based on the assumption that a better linguistic and textual quality of court judgments leads to the content of these judgments being better understood by citizens and private or public organizations. However, to what extent is this plausible assumption empirically correct? To answer this question, an original administrative law judgment from a Dutch district court was rewritten on the basis of a number of linguistic and textual quality requirements from the literature. Subsequently, a digital survey was conducted among 106 respondents. Half of the respondents answered a number of substantive questions about the original version of the court judgment. The other half of the respondents answered the same substantive questions about the rewritten version. According to the answers to the substantive questions, the second group of respondents understood the content of the court judgment considerably better than those to whom the original version of the court judgment was presented. The higher linguistic and textual quality of the rewritten version ensured that the content of the court judgment was better understood.
Reconsidering the Precolumbian Presence of Venetian Glass Beads in Alaska

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In a recent article, Kunz and Mills (2021) report 10 drawn, a speo finished, turquoise blue, IIa40 beads manufactured in Venice and recovered from three late precontact sites in the Alaskan Arctic. They argue that these beads date to the fifteenth century, predating Columbus's arrival in the Americas. This conclusion is certainly in error because beads of this type were not manufactured prior to approximately AD 1560. The historical and archaeological evidence for this dating is substantial. Additionally, the elemental and radiocarbon evidence presented by Kunz and Mills (2021) supports a late sixteenth- to early seventeenth-century date for these beads.
TV Dramaturgy: Format Approach

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article analyses the issues of television format and its dramatic foundation. Unlike film, a television spectacle is, above all, reproducible: in its core lays a replicated plot structure, which is filled with new content in each new episode of the series. The need for establishing of a steady communication with TV audience demands special rules, instruments and plot devices, enclosed in a professional term television format. Consistent modelling of predetermined reactions of the audience is in the core of the formats dramatic structure. The format is seen outside the specific subject-matter; as a dynamic system: as a number of multi-level codes.
Cystopteris fragilis Bernh.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Polypodium filix-fragile Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 2: 1091. 1753. "Habitat in collibus Europae frigidioris." RCN: 7904. Lectotype (Copeland in Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 16: 56. 1929): Amman 52, Herb. Linn. No. 1251.51 (LINN). Current name: Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. (Dryopteridaceae). Note: In accordance with Art. 23.8, Ex. 19 of the Code, P. filix-fragile is to be treated as P. fragile. Proctor (Ferns Jamaica: 410. 1985) erroneously believed Copeland’s type (as “1251.44”) to have been a post-1753 addition to the collection and designated a cited Plukenet plate as type in its place. However, the type carries both the epithet and “44” written by Linnaeus, along with an Amman label suggesting it was in Linnaeus’ possession long before 1753.
Pensions for the Victims of the Troubles in Northern Ireland: Another Faltering Step

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Troubles in Northern Ireland after 1969 generated many deaths and personal injuries. Yet, relatively few instances of loss have been compensated by tort law, and most victims of terrorism have had recourse to programmes of state compensation. Over the years, various schemes have been applied and augmented, but all can be viewed as inadequate in various ways. The latest attempt to afford justice to victims of terrorism is the Victims’ Payments Regulations 2020, by which a new scheme is introduced for the payment of pensions to persons severely injured in Northern Ireland during the Troubles. This article gives an overview of the scheme and assesses it in the context of affording justice to the victims of terrorism.
Leaf anatomical adaptations in some exotic species of Eucalyptus L'Hér. (Myrtaceae).

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Studies were conducted to assess the diversity of anatomical adaptations of leaves in the genus Eucalyptus (family Myrtaceae) from the Faisalabad region. Thicker epidermis in E. alba Reinw. ex Blume and E. maculata Hook., are the adaptations to water limited environments like drought and salinity. Large cortical cell in E. microtheca F. Muell., and E. botryoides Sm., are the indication of their wide distribution in a variety of different environmental conditions. Eucalyptus crebra F. Muell., E. maculata Hook., and E. microtheca F. Muell., with significantly larger vascular tissue were the better adaptation to a variety of environment types. There was a great variation in leaf anatomical characteristics among Eucalyptus species collected from the Faisalabad region.
Physiological and Pathological Significance of Esophageal TRP Channels: Special Focus on TRPV4 in Esophageal Epithelial Cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is a non-selective cation channel that is broadly expressed in different human tissues, including the digestive system, where it acts as a molecular sensor and a transducer that regulates a variety of functional activities. Despite the extensive research to determine the role of this channel in the physiology and pathophysiology of different organs, the unique morphological and functional features of TRPV4 in the esophagus remain largely unknown. Ten years ago, TRPV4 was shown to be highly expressed in esophageal epithelial cells where its activation induces Ca2+-dependent ATP release, which, in turn, mediates several functions, ranging from mechanosensation to wound healing. This review summarizes the research progress on TRPV4, and focuses on the functional expression of TRPV4 in esophageal epithelium and its possible role in different esophageal diseases that would support TRPV4 as a candidate target for future therapeutic approaches to treat patients with these conditions.
Exploring registered nurse perceptions of single patient rooms after transition from multiple patient rooms

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In October of 2017, British Columbia’s Children’s Hospital (BCCH) moved to an entirely new hospital with a completely new geographical unit layout consisting of 100% single patient rooms (SPR). Unit layout was based on SPR recommendations by the Facility Guidelines Institute (FGI), an international non-profit organization that establishes recommendations for the design of health-care facilities (FGI, 2006). The research on SPRs has focused predominantly on patients’ reactions to this type of geographical layout. The literature states that patients have positive reactions to SPRs, but providers have concerns, particularly nurses’ physical isolation, communications disruptions, and patient visibility and monitoring. There are few publications on safety adaptations with respect to providers’ SPR concerns. At this hospital, nurses’ reactions to the changeover to SPRs have not been formally evaluated. Anecdotally, direct care nurses have voiced concerns to their managers and directions. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore nurse’s experience and perception of the influences of SPR on their work. Utilizing qualitative descriptive methodology, seven registered nurses were interviewed in an attempt to understand the experience of transitioning from MPR to SPR. As healthcare transitions to a patient and family-centered model of care, SPRs will become the standard of care. Prioritizing staff experience as much as patient experience is critical to maintaining morale and retention. Findings from this qualitative study enhance the literature evidence and provide nurse’s recommendations for optimized use of SPRs.
Investigation of the influence of electrostatic treatment of working fluid on the efficiency factor of bulky hydraulic machines

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The influence of electrostatic treatment of the working fluid on the volumetric efficiency of the axial-piston pump during its operation was investigated.According to the results of the research mathematical models of the change in the volumetric efficiency of the pump without the influence of the electrostatic treatment of the working fluid and the influence of the electrostatic field on the working liquid, depending on the time worked, which make it possible to assert a significant decrease in the intensity of the fall of the volume of the pump's efficiency to its limit value The increase in the life of the pump.
“Fragments of cloth, bits of cotton, lumps of earth”: Object-Oriented Lists in Let Us Now Praise Famous Men

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

New insights emerge when James Agee’s Depression-era epic Let Us Now Praise Famous Men is considered through the lens of Object-Oriented Ontology. Both OOO and Agee’s text cultivate an ethical disposition that manifests itself as a sustained and even compulsive attention to cataloguing everyday objects. Despite Agee’s distinctly human-centered approach to the material world—an orientation that OOO would reject as anthropocentrist—reading this text alongside this philosophy reveals the ethical potential of the list as an ideologically powerful form.
Km-scale Industrial Networking

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Internet of Things (IoT) aims to provide connectivity to millions of devices used in our day-to-day life. For the vast majority of applications, wired connections are unpractical and too expensive, therefore wireless connections is the only feasible way to provide connectivity to the devices. One of many wireless solutions is the standard IEEE802.15.4, specially designed for low power mesh networks. This standard is widely used for Smart Building, Home Automation and Industrial Applications.A subsequent amendment, the IEEE802.15.4g, defines 3 PHYs (FSK, OFDM and O-QPSK). This targets Smart Utility Networks(SUN) applications, i.e., Smart Metering, while providing extended coverage. In this thesis, we analyse the use of this standard outside the SUN environment and onto Industrial Networking applications.First, we conduct a series of experiments using IEEE802.15.4g compliant devices in order to measure the range coverage on radio links in real use case outdoor scenarios. Results show that highly reliable communications with data rates up to 800 kbps (with OFDM) can be achieved in urban environments at 540 m between nodes, and the longest useful radio link is obtained at 779 m (FSK). Sencond, regarding the robustness and high data rate of OFDM, we compare the performance of the IEEE802.15.4 with the IEEE802.15.4g OFDM in Smart Building scenarios. From experiments, we determine that IEEE802.15.4g OFDM outperforms IEEE802.15.4 and should be considered as a solution for further deployments in combination with a TSCH MAC approach. Finally, we introduce the concept of Network Agility: nodes that can dynamically change their PHY according to their needs and circumstances.
The Australian Contribution to the United Nations Force in Cyprus

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper, based on Australian sources, aims to examine the logic behind Australia’s\ndecision to contribute a police unit in the United Nations Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP)\nin 1964. It offers answers to questions such as: What was the first reaction in Canberra\nto the UN request for troops contribution in the UNFICYP? What were Australia’s\nmajor reservations? What were the decisive factors that led to the re-examination of\nCanberra’s first reaction and its final decision?