jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A hybrid analysis method for calculating the cogging torque of consequent pole hybrid excitation synchronous machine

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Purpose When solving the cogging torque of complex electromagnetic structures, such as consequent pole hybrid excitation synchronous (CPHES) machine, traditional methods have a huge computational complexity. The notable feature of CPHES machine is the symmetric range of field-strengthening and field-weakening, but this type of machine is destined to be equipped with a complex electromagnetic structure. The purpose of this paper is to propose a hybrid analysis method to quickly and accurately solve the cogging torque of complex 3D electromagnetic structure, which is applicable to CPHES machine with different magnetic pole shapings. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, a hybrid method for calculating the cogging torque of CPHES machine is proposed, which considers three commonly used pole shapings. Firstly, through magnetic field analysis, the complex 3D finite element analysis (FEA) is simplified to 2D field computing. Secondly, the discretization method is used to obtain the distribution of permeance and permeance differential along the circumference of the air-gap, taking into account the effect of slots. Finally, the cogging torque of the whole motor is obtained by using the idea of modular calculation and the symmetry of the rotor structure. Findings This method is applicable to different pole shapings. The experimental results show that the proposed method is consistent with 3D FEA and experimental measured results, and the average calculation time is reduced from 8 h to 4 min. Originality/value This paper proposes a new concept for calculating cogging torque, which is a hybrid calculation of dimension reduction and discretization modules. Based on magnetic field analysis, the 3D problem is simplified into a 2D issue, reducing computational complexity. Based on the symmetry of the machine structure, a modeling method for discretized analytical models is proposed to calculate the cogging torque of the machine.
Enhancing nonlinear optical signal in noncentrosymmetric nanomaterials (Conference Presentation)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Nonlinear optical processes are known to be weak in bulk materials and extremely small at the nanoscale since they mainly scale with the volume. Here I will show how we enhance second-harmonic generation in two typical χ2 non centrosymmetric nanomaterials. First, in barium titanate nanoparticles, we take advantage of various resonances occurring in the visible wavelength range. Contrary to plasmonics occurring in metallic nanostructures, those resonances take place in dieletric nanoparticles and they are well described by the Mie scattering theory. Second, in lithium niobate nanowires, we demonstrate phase-matching and use it to increase the guided second-harmonic power by a factor of more than 80. We also increase non-phase-matched guided second-harmonic by engineering the nanowire length. Those bright nanostructures can serve for developing compact efficient nonlinear optical sources or waveguides.
Patterns and phenotypes: Expression of multiple class three semaphorins in the retina and along the path of zebrafish retinal axons

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The original article to which this Erratum refers was published in Developmental Dynamics 236:2918–2924 On page 2923 in the original published version of this article, in the Experimental Procedures section, the authors reported using a fragment of AL919018 as a probe for sema3aa. The correct accession number for this probe is AL918018. The authors regret this error.
Analysis of Flavor Compounds in Lycium barbarum Wine by GC-MS

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The Lycium barbarum wine was produced by fermentation and marination.The flavor compounds of wine were extracted by simultaneous distillation and extraction equipment(SDE).They were isolated and identified by capillary GC-MS method,and 49 identified compounds accout for 96.64 % of the total mass fraction.The relative contents of constituents were determined by area normalizing method.The mainly flavor compounds were:isoamyl alcohol(34.04%),β-phenylethyl alcohol(33.02%),ethyl lactate(9.48%),isobutanol(5.68%),diethyl succinate(2.60%),phenylethyl acetate(1.48%),etc.
CLASSIFICATION OF SEVERAL NATIVE NORTH AMERICAN GRASSES AS STARCH OR FRUCTOSAN ACCUMULATORS IN RELATION TO TAXONOMY

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Several perennial grass species commonly found or used in Canada and in the northern areas of the USA were studied. Most of the native species accumulated starch as the principal vegetative storage polysaccharide, indicating their possible tropical origin. All of the temperate‐origin introduced species accumulated fructosans. Species in the Hordeae, Aveneae, and Festuceae tribes, whether native or introduced accumulated fructosans. Species in the Hordeae tribe accumulated only short‐chain fructosans; species in the Aveneae tribe accumulated a series of fructosans predominantly of long‐chain lengths, while both types of fructosan accumulators occurred in the Festuceae tribe.
In vitro and In Silico Approach For Characterization of Antimicrobial Peptide From Probiotics Against Staphylococcus Aureus and Escherichia Coli

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract

The focus of present study was to characterize antimicrobial peptide produced by probiotic cultures, Enterococcus durans DB-1aa (MCC4243), Lactobacillus plantarum Cu2-PM7 (MCC4246) and Lactobacillus fermentum Cu3-PM8 (MCC4233) against Staphylococus aureus and E. coli. The growth kinetic assay revealed 24 h of incubation to be optimum for bacteriocin production. The partially purified compound after ion-exchange chromatography was found to be thermoresistant and stable under wide range of pH. The compound was sensitive to proteinase-K, but resistant to trypsin, a-amylase and lipase. The apparent molecular weight of bacteriocin from MCC4243 and MCC4246 was found to be 3.5 KDa. Translated partial amino acid sequence of plnA gene in MCC4246 displayed 48 amino acid sequences showing 100% similarity with plantaricin A of Lactobacillus plantarum (WP_0036419). The sequence revealed 7 β sheets, 6 α sheets, 6 predicted coils and 9 predicted turns. The functions on cytoplasm show 10.82 isoelectric point and 48.6% hydrophobicity. The molecular approach of using Geneious Prime software and protein prediction data base for characterization of bacteriocin is novel and predicts “KSSAYSLQMGATAIKQVKKLFKKWGW” as peptide responsible for antimicrobial activity. The study provides information about broad spectrum bacteriocin in native probiotic culture and paves a way towards its application in functional foods as biopreservative agents.
Integrative Physiology of the Skeleton

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In the 21st century, two sharply contrasting disorders of body composition, obesity and osteoporosis, have reached near epidemic proportions and challenged the scientific resources. This chapter focuses on several advances in adipose and bone biology that have revised the thinking about the role of the skeleton in whole body homeostasis. Bone marrow surrounds trabecular elements in the skeleton and is composed of multiple cells that are pluripotent. Bone and adipose tissue remodeling are functionally related through a complex neuroendocrine circuit that involves the brain, adipose depots, and the skeleton. Leptin is an adipokine produced by fat cells. The circulating levels of leptin are directly related to total fat mass. Adiponectin can induce insulin sensitivity and is thought to be a modulator of glucose transport. Several lines of evidence point towards an efferent sympathetic pathway from the brain controlling skeletal metabolism.
Translation of the Quran from Arabic to Japanese

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Quran is one of the most influential texts in the world, being the ultimate religious authority for the Muslim community, which is estimated at 1.5 billion people worldwide. This paper provides a closer look at the Japanese translations of this important text, with focus on the translation of the cultural references (CRs) within it. The aim of this research was to provide a set of translation techniques that can be used in the translation of CRs from Arabic to Japanese. Furthermore, it aimed to test the applicability of the Retranslation Theory to the Japanese translations of the Quran. Both these aims were fulfilled by analyzing Japanese translations done by three different translators of a group of CRs found in the Quran. The analysis was done using the translation techniques proposed by Pedersen (2005). The result showed that Pedersen’s list of techniques was able to account for the majority of the techniques used, with the need for one additional technique, resulting in a total of 8 techniques that may be used in future translations of texts from Arabic into Japanese. The analysis also proved that the Retranslation Theory is applicable in the case of the translations of the Quran from Arabic to Japanese.
Prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing among students in Ethiopia: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction These days, in Ethiopia, khat chewing is one of the widely spreading public health problems affecting the most productive segment of the population. The health implications of khat chewing among students are strongly linked with poor mental, physical and social performances. However, the national magnitude of khat chewing and the associated factors among Ethiopian students are unknown. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis will answer the national prevalence of khat chewing and the associated factors among students in Ethiopia. Methods Published primary relevant articles will be accessed using various databases, such as Medline, PubMed, EMBASE and Scopus. Other electronic search engines, for instance, Google Scholar and Google, will be used. Furthermore, additional studies will be collected by communicating with the author(s) and following the references of relevant articles. To select eligible studies, the Joanna Briggs Institute quality appraisal checklist will be used. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist will be followed to keep the scientific rigour of the study. Heterogeneity between studies will be examined through forest plot and I 2 heterogeneity tests. To identify influential studies, sensitivity analysis will be done. For substantial heterogeneity (I 2 >50%), the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model will be employed. Subgroup analyses will be conducted using the random-effect model. Moreover, small studies’ publication bias will be checked by funnel plots and objectively by Egger’s regression test. If in case Egger’s test was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05), trim and fill (Duval and Tweedie) analysis will be performed. The presence of association will be declared using p≤0.05 and OR with corresponding 95% CI. Ethics and dissemination Since the intention of the study is to describe earlier primary studies qualitatively and pool the results of those articles, ethical clearance will not be a concern. The results of the study will be published in a reputable peer-reviewed journal and presented at different scientific research conferences. It will also be disseminated to academic as well as other concerned institutions. PROSPERO registration number CRD-42,017,081,886.
PLAYING FOR KEEPS: EFFECTS OF VIDEO GAME TRAINING ON NEURAL AND COGNITIVE PLASTICITY IN OLDER ADULTS

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A major goal in aging research has been to examine ways to counteract age-related cognitive decline. The present study investigated whether 20-hour Real-time Strategy video game training (RTS), compared to active controls, could differentially improve cognition in older adults, both immediately and long-after training. Fifty-one healthy older adults (nRTS=24, nControl=27) were evaluated at before and after the training on an fMRI task-switching paradigm and on a comprehensive battery of cognitive tasks, with multiple tasks representing each cognitive construct. The RTS group improved significantly on episodic memory and working memory immediately after the training, compared to the controls. Changes in frontal activation in the task-switching paradigm in the RTS group were greater than the controls. Moreover, individual differences in game playing strategy (combat vs. wonders approaches) interacted with improvements in cognitive control. Our results suggest that RTS game playing can potentially improve executive control and working memory.
Fibrates, Glitazones, and Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Several decades ago, fibrates were approved for the treatment of dyslipidemia, whereas thiazolidinediones were screened in animal models to improve glucose homeostasis and were subsequently developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Relatively recently, these drugs were found to act via peroxisome proliferator–activated receptors, nuclear receptors that control lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis. In this historical perspective, we discuss the history of discovery of the peroxisome proliferator–activated receptors, from the clinical development of their agonists to the subsequent discovery of these receptors and their mechanisms of action, to finally evoke possibilities of targeted pharmacology for future development of selective peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor modulators.
Transcription factor NAC78 cooperates with NAC78 interacting protein 6 to confer drought tolerance in rice

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) family transcription factors are involved in several cellular processes, including responses to drought, salinity, cold, and submergence. However, whether or how certain NAC proteins regulate drought tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa) remain unclear. In this study, we show that overexpression of OsNAC78 enhanced rice resistance to drought treatment, whereas Osnac78 mutant plants were susceptible to drought stress. We further characterized the OsNAC78 interacting protein, named NAC78 interacting protein 6 (OsNACIP6), and found that it conferred rice drought tolerance. Our results demonstrate that OsNACIP6 enhanced the transcription of OsNAC78 and promoted the expression of its downstream target OsGSTU37, encoding a glutathione reductase. The ABRE4 cis-element in the promoter region of OsNACIP675–1–127 conferred significant upregulation of OsNACIP6 expression and initiated the OsNACIP6/OsNAC78–OsGSTU37 module that facilitates rice growth under drought conditions. Together, our results uncover a transcriptional module composed of OsNACIP6, OsNAC78, and OsGSTU37 and provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the drought stress response in rice.
Spinning dilaton black hole in 2 + 1 dimensions as a particle accelerator

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we have studied particle collision around a spinning dilaton black hole in 2 + 1 dimensions. This black hole is a solution to the low-energy string theory in 2 + 1 dimensions. Time-like geodesics are presented in detail and the center-of-mass (CM) energy of two-particle collision at the horizon of a spinning black hole is considered. We noticed that there is a possibility of the two masses to create infinite CM energy.
Treating heartburn in pregnancy: comparison of acid and alkali mixtures.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A randomised crossover trial was performed in 55 pregnant women who complained of heartburn to see whether alkali or acid treatment alleviated it. Each woman was given a week's treatment with an acid mixture, an alkali mixture, and a placebo in randomised order. Both acid and alkali mixtures were better than placebo, but there was no significant difference between the acid and alkali treatments. Together with the inconsistent reports of some patients, these findings suggest that both acid reflux and bile regurgitation may cause heartburn in pregnant women and that other factors may also play a part. Because the cause of heartburn may be difficult to determine, treatment should be empirical. If the patient does not respond to seven days' acid treatment an alkali mixture should be prescribed; there is a 98% chance that one of these treatments will relieve symptoms.
Intensive Care Nurses' Experiences With Personal Protective Equipment During The Covid-19 Pandemic in Turkey: A Phenomenological Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the experiences of intensive care nurses working with personal protective equipment (PPE) during the COVID-19 epidemic. Materials and Methods: The study group of the descriptive phenomenological study included 12 intensive care nurses selected with the purposeful sampling method. Collected through the semi-structured interviews, the data were coded with the MAXQDA program and evaluated with the content analysis method. The COREQ checklist was followed. Results: As a result of the research, two main themes emerged "What will happen to me" and "Me in PPE". Nurses primarily faced difficulties in accessing PPEs that would protect them. They experienced ambivalent feelings of anxiety, fear, and confidence regarding the protection of PPE. Some participants felt inadequate due to inadequate education regarding COVID-19 in the early stages of the pandemic. They failed to meet many physiological needs while using PPE. The hardships they endured made them feel angry with other people, and they perceived strict institutional rules on the use of PPE as pressure. Conclusion: This study provided information on the experiences of intensive care nurses who first started using PPEs and used them the longest. Intensive care nurses have been adversely affected physiologically and psychologically due to working with PPE for a long time and without adequate training. It should be evaluated whether the well-being of nurses is affected by the pandemic process, and psychological support should be provided accordingly. Strategies should be prepared and implemented to provide nurses with adequate equipment and guidance in a similar situation.
Ethanol Plant Investment using Net Present Value and Real Options Analyses

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

A real option analysis of dry-grind corn ethanol plants compared to a standard net present value analysis (NPV) shows that the option values increase entry prices and lower exit prices of investment and disinvestment considerably. For a large plant, the gross margin of ethanol price over the corn price for a gallon of ethanol using NPV shows that entry will occur with a $0.45 margin and shutdown will occur at a $0.38. Under a real options framework, the margins for entry and exit become $1.33 and $0.13, respectively. Under baseline conditions, a large operating plant would become mothballed at $0.18 and reactivate if margins rebounded to $0.66. Growth in the variability of ethanol margins will delay new plant investments, as well as exits of currently operating facilities.
Business process learning on the job: A design science oriented approach and its empirical evaluation

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Today, Business Process Management (BPM) has established itself as an important cross-functional task in companies. The primary goal of BPM is to optimize the business process design and henceforth the actual execution of business processes. However, since optimizing processes on paper is not sufficient to really boost a company’s performance, it is indispensable to optimize the process execution which defines how business processes are actually performed at the end of the day. Yet before employees are able to carry out processes, they need a given up-front learning time. Hence, to research how business process learning can be realized on-the-job is promising in order to reduce up-front learning time; thus, being able to work efficiently on processes already from the very beginning. In this paper we present a tool-supported approach towards business process learning on-the-job using the concepts of task guidance and process guidance. After introducing the approach and its prototypical implementation, the paper presents an empirical study of this prototype showing that the general approach is useful to optimize workplace learning.
Study on the possibilities for non-governmental organisations promoting environmental protection to claim damages in relation to the environment in fur selected countries: Netherlands

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this country study, an overview will be given of the possibilities for environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) to claim for damages on behalf of the environment in the Netherlands. Paragraph 2 of this report concerns a general picture of the laws and administration on the environmental area in the Netherlands. The third paragraph covers a description of the legal situation concerning environmental damages in general. Moreover, this paragraph includes the possibilities for ENGOs to claim damages in more detail. Finally in paragraph 4, we draw some conclusions about the effectiveness of the environmental liability rules.
Overview on the Antimicrobial Activity and Biocompatibility of Sputtered Carbon-Based Coatings

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Due to their outstanding properties, carbon-based structures have received much attention from the scientific community. Their applications are diverse and include use in coatings on self-lubricating systems for anti-wear situations, thin films deposited on prosthetic elements, catalysis structures, or water remediation devices. From these applications, the ones that require the most careful testing and improvement are biomedical applications. The biocompatibility and antibacterial issues of medical devices remain a concern, as several prostheses still fail after several years of implantation and biofilm formation remains a real risk to the success of a device. Sputtered deposition prevents the introduction of hazardous chemical elements during the preparation of coatings, and this technique is environmentally friendly. In addition, the mechanical properties of C-based coatings are remarkable. In this paper, the latest advances in sputtering methods and biocompatibility and antibacterial action for diamond-based carbon (DLC)-based coatings are reviewed and the greater outlook is then discussed.