jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Problems in diagnosing viral hepatitis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The most reliable method of making a specific aetiological diagnosis of chronic viral hepatitis would be to identify virus specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes responsible for the killing of virus infected hepatocytes in each patient's liver. Unfortunately, this can not be proposed for routine diagnosis and surrogate tests are required. The detection of virus markers, and even of the virus itself, does not imply that liver damage is caused by virus infection. Indirect markers of the host's antiviral immunoresponse have to be used to confirm more specifically the diagnosis of viral hepatitis. IgM antibodies against viral antigens implicated in the elimination of the virus seem to be suitable alternative candidates. Significant changes in the serum values of viraemia and aminotransferases occur within a few days, while a significant variation in liver histology takes much longer. Only the kinetics of the highly variable parameters can be used for an appropriate study of the relationship between viraemia, antiviral immunoresponse, and liver cell necrosis. Quantitative and dynamic analyses of hepatitis virus markers seem the most suitable and reliable methods of monitoring the patients eligible for antiviral treatment and identifying the most appropriate time to start this.
Deep Learning Concept for Early Dental Caries Detection

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Identifying dental caries in a dental operatory can be challenging for pediatric dentists at times because of the fluctuating features of the lesions based on their developmental stage. Thus, pediatric dentists can suggest specific and unique treatment methods. Noninvasive interventions, such as fluoride therapy and sugar control, can successfully reverse and treat early aberrations, sometimes referred to as white spots. Dental cavities, on the other hand, lead to tooth structure deterioration and require restorative treatments of varying levels of difficulty, depending on the extent and severity of the damage that leads to the extraction of the tooth itself. These necessitate new concepts for detecting dental caries in children. The prospective review's objective was to determine the necessity of applying deep learning and contemporary principles in the diagnosis of early childhood caries.
Bladder volume variation in hypofractionated prostate radiotherapy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

234 Background: A full bladder for prostate radiotherapy treatment limits overall dose to the bladder and displaces bowel from high dose regions. There is currently no clear consensus on optimum bladder volume for prostate radiotherapy. Inconsistent bladder volumes can cause dosimetric uncertainty, distress, treatment delay and negative toxicity outcomes for patients. To identify potential ways to improve bladder filling consistency we retrospectively analysed bladder volume variation over the course of patients’ treatment and its relationship to various patient and treatment factors. Methods: We included all patients treated with 60gy in 20 fractions to the prostate only over a 1-year period. Standard fractionation, palliative, post-operative, and whole pelvis treatment regimens were excluded from our study. Patient, tumour, and treatment characteristics were collected retrospectively. We recorded patient reported IPSS scores that were completed pre and post treatment. Daily bladder volumes were recorded from cone beam CT (CBCT) retrospectively for a subset of 34 patients and included in correlative analyses with various treatment and patient factors. Results: 69 men were included in this study with a mean planning CT bladder volume of 272ml (79-574). Patients were divided into large ( > 180ml) and small subgroups (N = 46 vs 23). Smaller bladders resulted in a greater post treatment IPSS score (10.2 vs 7.7 (p = 0.2)) and greater change in IPSS (+3.3 vs +1.4 (p = 0.23). The variation of daily bladder volumes as measured by the standard deviation was positively associated with planning CT volume (p < 0.05), variation in daily treatment time (p < 0.05) and urinary symptoms (p = 0.29). Greater discordances between planning CT time and mean radiotherapy time resulted in a greater average difference between CBCT bladder volume and planning CT volume (p = 0.16). There were no appreciable seasonal or diurnal associations for all recorded bladder volumes. Conclusions: Smaller bladder volumes at planning CT are associated with increased urinary symptoms whereas larger volumes undergo more daily variation. This data suggests an optimal planning bladder volume of 200-400ml to minimise on treatment variation. This is the first study to demonstrate a relationship between variation in daily treatment times and daily bladder variation. Synchronisation of planning CT time with patient treatment time preference will enable patients to better replicate planning CT bladder volumes. This, along with several other areas for improvement highlighted by this study have formed the basis for a prospective single centre pilot study.
PERIOPERATIVE NURSING CARE FOR ADOLESCENTS: A SCOPING REVIEW

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objective: To map the scientific production of perioperative nursing aimed at adolescents. Method: A scoping review based on JBI guidelines and recommendations from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews. The search took place between February and March 2023 in 05 databases and in gray literature. Results: Nineteen studies were included, 13 articles and 6 works from gray literature. The results demonstrated the importance of systematizing nursing care for adolescents with actions that aim to include them in care and prepare them for their surgical trajectory with a view to reducing anxiety and respecting individualities. Actions such as the use of integrative and complementary therapies, insertion of educational technologies and adaptation of the environment for neuroatypical adolescents were also identified. As a gap, there is a lack of studies specifically aimed at adolescents, encompassing their care for the pediatric population. Conclusion: The scoping review mapped studies produced by nursing on perioperative care for adolescents and indicated the use of strategies to individualize care, reduce perioperative anxiety and promote engagement and involvement of surgical patients. It is necessary to expand the number of studies and interventions that are specific to adolescents.
Preferential Right Ventricular Breakout of Ventricular Tachycardia and Critical Slow Conduction in Left Ventricle in a Patient with Postinfarction Ventricular Septal Perforation Repair

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 68 year-old man who had ischemic cardiomyopathy (ejection fraction 40%), with prior coronary artery bypass graft and ventricular septal perforation (VSP) repair, was admitted due to ventricular tachycardia (VT) with left bundle branch block morphology, and QR pattern in inferior leads. Electro anatomical voltage map (CARTO) during sinus rhythm (SR) demonstrated large low voltage zone (low-VZ) (<0.6 mV on amplitude of bipolar voltages) in posteroseptal (basal and mid levels) left ventricle (LV), but no low-VZ in right ventricle (RV). Optimal pace map during SR was obtained in basal posteroseptal RV, not in LV. And during VT (cycle length 459 ms), RV septal activation was earlier than LV. Delayed potential during SR was recorded at low-VZ in a basal posteroseptal LV, where mid diastolic potential during VT preceding QRS onset by 140 ms was seen. Entrainment pacing showed concealed entrainment with stimulus-QRS interval of 140 ms and post pacing interval identical to VT cycle length. Irrigated radiofrequency application terminated VT in three seconds. VT was considered that its central common pathway located in the basal posteroseptal low-VZ in LV between mitral annulus and VSP patch, with preferential breakout to septal RV.
Solid-liquid mixing analysis in stirred vessels

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This review evaluates computational fluid dynamic applications to analyze solid suspension quality in stirred vessels. Most researchers typically employ either Eulerian-Eulerian or Eulerian-Lagrangian approach to investigate multiphase flow in stirred vessels. With sufficient computational resources, the E-L approach simulates flow structures with higher spatial resolution for dispersed multiphase flows. Common turbulence models such as the two-equation eddy-viscosity models ( k - ε ), Reynolds stress model, direct numerical simulation, and large eddy simulation are described and compared for their respective limitations and advantages. Literature confirms that k-ε is the most widely used turbulence model, but it suffers from some inherent shortcomings due to assumption of isotropy of turbulence and homogenous mixing. Subsequently, the importance of different forces concerning solid particle flotation is concluded. Studies on dilute systems take into account only drag and turbulence forces while other forces have always been ignored. The simulations of off-bottom solid suspension, solid drawdown, solid cloud height, solid concentration distribution, and particle collision are considered for studies involving solid suspension. Different models and methods applied to investigate the abovementioned phenomena are also discussed in this review.
Travel writing

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Travel writing is both overture and finale to Mary Shelley's career. Her History of a Six Weeks' Tour (1817), an account of two continental trips co-authored with Percy Bysshe Shelley, marks an exuberant coming of age: it bursts with young love, defiance of parental control, and a search for political meaning. Her pensive Rambles in Germany and Italy (1844) mourns the deaths of her husband and two of her children as well as the loss of her own health, but ultimately comes to terms with those losses, expressing chastened joy at the pleasures that remain: the company of her surviving son, Percy Florence Shelley, and of his friends; the delights of travel; the beauty of mountains and sea, painting and music. Rambles also assesses her political losses and those of a generation of English liberals, whose hopes were raised by the French Revolution but dashed by its terroristic and imperialistic results.
The surgeon José Pascual y Prats (1854–1931): Corporatism, press, bibliography and medicine during the Spain of the Restoration

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The aim of this article is to investigate the professional, corporate and scientific career of the Girona surgeon José Pascual y Prats (1854–1931). His work at the Provincial Hospital of Santa Catalina in Girona and as dean of the provincial charitable medical corps should be highlighted, as should his presidency of the province's medical associations, and his creation and direction of the bulletins of both organisations, as well as his promotion of the Index Medicus Hispanus . Therefore, his biography allows us to consider three fundamental aspects of medical science during the Spain of the Restoration: associations, press and bibliography. At the same time, he maintained epistolary contacts with his family and friends, as well as with different representatives of the social elites of Girona and the Catalan and Spanish medical oligarchy. In short, Pascual was the most important physician of this period in the city and one of the most remarkable health professionals of contemporary Catalonia.
Cross-matching of allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells eliminates recipient immune targeting

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been used clinically for decades, without cross-matching, on the assumption that they are immune-privileged. In the equine model, we demonstrate innate and adaptive immune responses after repeated intra-articular injection with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) mismatched allogeneic MSCs, but not MHC matched allogeneic or autologous MSCs. We document increased peri-articular edema and synovial effusion, increased synovial cytokine and chemokine concentrations, and development of donor-specific antibodies in mismatched recipients compared with recipients receiving matched allogeneic or autologous MSCs. Importantly, in matched allogeneic and autologous recipients, but not mismatched allogeneic recipients, there was increased stromal derived factor-1 along with increased MSC concentrations in synovial fluid. Until immune recognition of MSCs can be avoided, repeated clinical use of MSCs should be limited to autologous or cross-matched allogeneic MSCs. When non–cross-matched allogeneic MSCs are used in single MSC dose applications, presensitization against donor MHC should be assessed.
Prophylactic Treatment with Vedolizumab in the Prevention of Postoperative Recurrence (POR) in High-Risk Crohn’s Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

About 50% of Crohn’s Disease (CD) patients undergo an intestinal resection during their lifetime. Although the patients experience a fairly long period of well-being after the intestinal resection, they presented a postoperative recurrence (POR) in 40% of cases within 5 years. In this case series, we aimed to evaluate the incidence of POR in CD patients with high risk for early POR, prophylactically treated with Vedolizumab. All consecutive CD patients (followed from 2017 to 2020) who underwent ileocolonic resection after the loss of response at anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor α (anti-TNFα) and with one or more risk factors for early POR were included. POR was defined as a Rutgeerts score (Ri) > 1 at the colonoscopic evaluation. All the included patients underwent a Magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) at least one year after the surgical resection. Six patients (4 Female; 2 Males) were included. At the first endoscopic evaluation, all patients were in endoscopic remission (5 patients Ri 0; 1 patient Ri 1). No stenosis nor other intestinal wall changes or complications were observed at MRE. Five patients underwent colonoscopy over two years of follow-up (median: 32 months; range 25–33). The Ri score was 0 in four patients, while the fifth patient showed severe endoscopic relapse. The same patient presented a clinical relapse (Harvey-Bradshaw index = 10) with a flare of disease in the colonic mucosa. These data suggest that early post-operative treatment with Vedolizumab could be a valuable strategy to be submitted to a prospective controlled trial for preventing POR.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE FANCONI SYNDROME AND RENAL HYPERCHLORAEMIC ACIDOSIS IN THE ADULT<sup>1</sup>

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article OBSERVATIONS ON THE FANCONI SYNDROME AND RENAL HYPERCHLORAEMIC ACIDOSIS IN THE ADULT1 Get access M. D. MILNE, M. D. MILNE Department of Medicine, University of Manchester Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. W. STANBURY, S. W. STANBURY Department of Medicine, University of Manchester Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. E. THOMSON A. E. THOMSON Department of Medicine, University of Manchester Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, Volume 21, Issue 2, January 1952, Pages 61–82, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.qjmed.a066648 Published: 01 January 1952 Article history Received: 04 June 1951 Published: 01 January 1952
Exploring the effects of masks and instrument covers on air flow

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this desperate time of COVID, can we still do the things we love safely? Efforts to keep schools safe for music rehearsals during the past academic year included singing with masks and covering various parts of musical instruments with cloth barriers to limit the flow of exhaled droplets into the air. We assembled a Schlieren system to test the effects of these different adaptations to modify the flow of air for different instruments, including the voice. This paper presents the results of our measurements and an assessment of their effectiveness at reducing or redirecting the flow of air. With the arrival of the Delta variant, new questions are being raised about safety and exposure due to the possibility of breakthrough infections. Therefore, we are revisiting these remediation methods to evaluate their potential effectiveness in light of changing safety risks.
Development and Validation of a Neighbourhood Disaster Resilience Index : A Case Study from Australia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Since the adoption of the Hyogo Framework for Action in 2005 ‘Building the resilience of nations and communities to disasters’, the concept of disaster resilience has attracted substantial attention among researchers and practitioners. Although recent disaster literature refers to resilience as a managerial principle of an effective disaster risk management, there are still critical challenges in making resilience operational and adopting it in planning and decision making. Currently available resilience measurement frameworks are mostly focused on large spatial scales such as sub- national/regional levels and do not meet the local needs of designers and planners, while communities are the focus of mitigation and recovery planning, with unique local socio-economic and physical characteristics, and inherent adaptation potential. More specifically, urban form characteristics are assumed by several studies to contribute to the disaster resilience of communities. However, such an assumption has not been examined empirically and urban form factors are mostly under-represented in the resilience models. In addition, sensitivity, reliability and validity of the resilience models have not been addressed comprehensively, and when it comes to the Australian context, resilience models have not been validated at all. The purpose of this dissertation is to address the above gaps through (1) development of a Neighbourhood Disaster Resilience Index (NDRI) with emphasise on resilience attributes within community elements; and (2) validation of the proposed index (NDRI) by assessing the extent to which it contributes to real-world recovery outcomes and pathways following the 2011 floods in the Brisbane and Ipswich neighbourhoods, using readily available longitudinal reconstruction data.
Selection of high yield recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP2) cell pool based on different screening markers used for CHO cell line development

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line is a typical host for the production of therapeutic proteins, which can be genetically manipulated to express glycoproteins with correct assembly. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP2) is an osteogenic therapeutic option that is often produced in CHO cells. In this work, two common host strains, CHO-K1 and CHO-DG44, were used for the production of rhBMP2. CHO-K1 cells were cultured and transfected with the EGFP/NeoR and rhBMP2/NeoR expression vectors via the CRISPR/Cas9 method, which targets the Hipp11 locus of the host genome. Similarly, CHO-DG44 cells were cultured and transfected with the rhBMP2/DHFR vector. Recombinant rhBMP2 cells were screened using the neomycin resistance gene in CHO-K1 cells and the dhfr gene in CHO-DG44 cells. The surviving recombinant cells were expanded, and then expression of rhBMP2 were analyzed by ELISA. The level of rhBMP2 expression in the recombinant cell pools revealed the importance of efficiency of the screening strategy and genome editing method. In conclusion, the use of an appropriate strain of host cell and efficiency of selective markers can affect the recombinant protein expression that is important for the industrial pharmaceutical production.
The research and production of equipment in automatic welding brass radiator

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The automatic welding process is the most critical part between brass pipes and brass pipes in the radiator of Cu-Al composite. In the articles welding technology is analyzed, a new welding technique of multi-directional ring is put. The route of welding torch is controlled by stepper motor, Ensure the accuracy of welding. There is a more detailed description to the automatic welding equipment and the structural characteristics.
Estrogen provides neuroprotection in focal cerebral ischemia modulation and bcl－2 protein expression

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective To study the protective effect of estrogen against neuronal injury and the possible roles of alteration in the expression of bcl－ 2 following cerebral ischemia. Methods rats were ovariectomized.Brain ischemia was induced by left middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 hours, and 22 hours of reperfusion,all animals were killed. The cerebral cortex sector histology was examined under light microscope (both qualitatively and quantitatively). The expression of bcl－ 2 was analyzed with immunohistochemical method. Results In estrogen－ treated groups, the density of normal neruons were significantly higher(P 0.05);Estrogen increased the expression of bcl－ 2(P 0.05). Conclusions The neuroprotective of estrogen was associated with up－ regulation of bcl－ 2 in cerebral ischemia.
An illumination system for CMOS based 3D cameras

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Canesta, Inc. has developed a CMOS based technique that yields 3D information using only one 2D array sensor and is commercializing this 3D camera. The camera is composed of a light source (illumination system) and a CMOS based 2D array camera. The illumination system can generate 4 types of illumination fields of view with IEC eye classification class 1 or class 1M by simply switching diffusers. In this paper, the design of the illumination system is described and the performance results are presented.
216  Lesion distribution and substrate in type 1 myotonic dystrophy: comparison with multiple sclerosis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Introduction This study compares the white matter lesion distribution and substrate between patients with type one myotonic dystrophy (DM1) and patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Methods Twenty-eight patients with DM1, 29 patients with relapsing remitting MS, and 15 healthy controls had an MRI scan, including FLAIR, quantitative magnetization transfer (qMT) imaging. qMT data were processed to compute the pool size ratio (F), correlating with myelin content. The average F was computed within lesions and normal appearing white matter (NAWM) for every participant. Lesion masks were warped into MNI space and lesion probability maps were obtained for each patient group. Results Mean lesion volume was higher in MS than DM1. DM1 presented higher prevalence of anterior temporal lobe lesions, but none in the cerebellum and brainstem. In both patient groups the mean F of lesions was lower than the NAWM (p<0.01, CI 0.06–0.07), but it was lower in MS than DM1 (p<0.01, CI 0.01–0.04). Conclusions DM1 show a greater lesion distribution in the temporal lobe regions compared to MS. Using qMT, we demonstrated reduced F values within DM1 lesions, suggesting a loss of myelin density. The mean F is lower in MS lesions than DM1 lesions, indicating a lesser degree of demyelination in the former. sara.leddy1@nhs.net