jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Particular aspects in patients with paraneoplastic deep vein thrombosis: from a shadowy diagnosis to a routinely met pathology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A ROUTINELY MET PATHOLO-GY (Abstract).The oncological patient presents many pathophysiological particularities, including a hypercoagulable state, which causes frequent thromboembolic complications.Furthermore, the side effects of chemotherapy, laborious surgical interventions and the poor pe rformance status favor the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT).The aim of this retrospective study is to identify the prevalence of paraneoplastic DVT in patients admitted in the Cardiology Department of the "Sf.Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital from Iași and to establish the correlations between the DVT, type of neoplasia and certain particularities of the patients.Material and methods: The current retrospective study was conducted over a two-year period and enrolled 100 patients divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of a neoplasia (25 patients having a tumoral pathology and 75 patients without such a comorbidity).All study participants underwent a complete clinical examination and were a ssessed through biochemical and echocardiographic parameters.Results: Various tumor locations were identified in the 25 patients with a malignancy, the most prevalent being the col orectal cancer (6 cases, 24% of total), followed by the lung cancer (4 cases, 16%) and, with a similar occurrence, the brain, ovarian and breast cancer (2 cases each, 8%).Among the patients with neoplasia, 13 had a history of cancer (52% of cases from the neoplasia group), while for the remaining 12 patients it was a de novo diagnosis.Conclusions: Patients with DVT showed a significant cancer prevalence, either previously diagnosed or incidentally discovered.The increased risk of DVT in cancer patients is multifactorial and represents a diagnosis and ther apeutic challenge.In our study, we recorded a slightly increased prevalence of cancer in wo men (56% vs. 44%), who had cervical cancer as the most common etiology (35.7%).On the other hand, male sex was associated with an increased frequency of colorectal cancer (36.4% of all cancers diagnosed in men), followed by lung cancer (27.3%).
RESERCH ON LEVELS OF IgG SUBCLASS IN ALLERGIC CHILDREN (SECOND REPORT)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We reported that 13.7% of allergic children showed low levels of concentration of at least one of IgG subclass in first report. In this report we represented the fluctuation depend on aging of IgG subclass in the patient with bronchial asthma. The subjects were 8 patients who showed low level in IgG2 or IgG3 and 10 patients who showed normal level in IgG2 or IgG3.The fluctuations of IgG2 in the patients with normal IgG2 and IgG3 in the patients with normal IgG3 were limited in normal ranges in all cases. One of 3 cases who showed low IgG2 represented increasing in IgG2 level by aging. The level of IgG2 in other 2 cases who showed low IgG2 level increased to the normal level temporally and became lower level by aging again.The concentrations of IgG3 became in to the normal level in 4 out of 6 cases who showed low IgG3. Other 2 cases remained in the low levels by aging. Three cases out of 4 cases who showed normalization represented the low level which belong to be in the normal range. Accordingrange. According to these results we concluded that some of patients with bronchial asthma showed low levels in IgG2 or IgG3 for long time.
Utilizing Quantum\nCascade Lasers for Ultranarrow Velocity\nResolution and Quantum-State Selectivity in Molecular Beam Scattering\nand Spectroscopy

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We demonstrate the capability of a narrow linewidth quantum\ncascade\nlaser (QCL) to selectively excite a very narrow velocity range of\nnitric oxide (σ ≤ 7(3) m/s) with a pure ro-vibrational\nquantum state. By implementing a counter-propagating geometry, the\nmolecules are selectively excited according to the Doppler shift of\nthe ro-vibrational transition frequency such that the velocity width\nassociated with the excited molecules depends only on the QCL linewidth.\nWe demonstrate a velocity distribution limited by the effective linewidth\nof our free-running QCL (Γ = 3.2 MHz). Our development provides\na cost-effective, flexible approach to resolve quantum-state selective\nchemical dynamics with excellent velocity resolution in a wide variety\nof molecules with infrared-active transitions. This technique has\nbeen formulated to provide ultrahigh collisional energy resolution\nin molecular beams to delineate final quantum-state product pairs\nin studies of molecular collisions.
GIS Simulation of the Earliest Hominid Colonisation of Eurasia

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This book aims to shed light on the 'Out of Africa' problem by approaching it from a different angle and proposing when during the Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene hominid migration was most feasible and along what pathways the migrations may have occured. It represents the first use of GIS to predict and model the potential migration pathways.
Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) for migraine: an fMRI study

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background Dysfunction of the thalamocortical connectivity network is thought to underlie the pathophysiology of the migraine. This current study aimed to explore the thalamocortical connectivity changes during 4 weeks of continuous transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) treatment on migraine patients. Methods 70 migraine patients were recruited and randomized in an equal ratio to receive real taVNS or sham taVNS treatments for 4 weeks. Resting-state functional MRI was collected before and after treatment. The thalamus was parceled into functional regions of interest (ROIs) on the basis of six priori-defined cortical ROIs covering the entire cortex. Seed-based functional connectivity analysis between each thalamic subregion and the whole brain was further compared across groups after treatment. Results Of the 59 patients that finished the study, those in the taVNS group had significantly reduced number of migraine days, pain intensity and migraine attack times after 4 weeks of treatment compared with the sham taVNS. Functional connectivity analysis revealed that taVNS can increase the connectivity between the motor-related thalamus subregion and anterior cingulate cortex/medial prefrontal cortex, and decrease the connectivity between occipital cortex-related thalamus subregion and postcentral gyrus/precuneus. Conclusion Our findings suggest that taVNS can relieve the symptoms of headache as well as modulate the thalamocortical circuits in migraine patients. The results provide insights into the neural mechanism of taVNS and reveal potential therapeutic targets for migraine patients.
[Clinical Research Progress on Using κ-Opioid Receptor Agonists to Treat Uremic Pruritus].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Uremic pruritus, a severe complication in patients with chronic kidney disease, is associated with a high prevalence. It can cause depression and sleep disorders, and seriously affect the quality of life and the social relations of patients. Recently, there is growing evidence showing that κ-opioid receptor agonists, including nalfurafine, difelikefalin, and nalbuphine, can effectively and safely reduce itching symptoms in patients with refractory uremic pruritus. Herein, we reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, and treatment strategies of uremic pruritus, and summarized in detail the progress in clinical research on the use of κ-opioid receptor agonists, including nalfurafine, difelikefalin, and nalbuphine, in the management of patients with uremic pruritus.
THE PERFORMANCE INDEX OF PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITALS OF KARACHI, PAKISTAN

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: To compare the performance index of private and public sector hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: In a tertiary care hospitals (one private and one public sector) of Karachi, from Nov 2016 to Nov 2017. Methodology: A sample size of 153 were enrolled by purposive sampling technique. Performance index of both hospitals was compared by asking questions from the hospitals staff. Data were collected by the researcher using closed ended questionnaire. Results: Out of 153, 78 (51%) cases were for private hospitals and 75 (49%) cases were for public hospitals. While evaluating the performance index by hospital work area/unit elements, “Enough staff to handle workload" was significantly higher for private hospitals with the p-value of <0.05. Performance index by Supervisor/Manager elements showed that "Whenever pressure builds up, the supervisor/manager wants us to work faster, even if it means taking shortcuts" was significantly higher for private hospitals with a p-value of <0.05. "Staff are afraid of asking questions when something seems does not right" is the lowest-rated elements on overall with an index score of 41.99 for overall and for public and private hospitals index score is 40.67 and 43.27 respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed on the rest of the elements. Conclusion: The performance index was higher in private hospital as compared to the public sector hospital in the Karachi city.
What is the role of technology in improving patient safety? A French, German and UK healthcare professional perspective

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Patient safety in hospitals can be compromised by preventable adverse events (AE). Among the preventable AEs, hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are one of the most burdensome, contributing to not only poorer patient outcomes but institutional burden through direct financial losses and increased patient length of stay. Technological innovations can enhance patient safety by automating tasks, introducing medication alerts, clinical reminders, improved diagnostic and consultation reports, facilitating information sharing, improving clinical decision-making, intercepting potential errors, reducing variation in practice, and managing workforce shortages as well as making complete patient data available. A multidisciplinary working group from three European countries was convened to discuss how to optimise the use of technology to reduce preventable AEs in acute care hospitals. The working group identified examples where they felt there were opportunities to streamline patient pathways, including antimicrobial stewardship, point of care testing, microbiology test reporting to streamline time from sample-taking to clinical decision and mobile automated dispensing systems, which can reduce the burden on overworked staff. The working group also discussed key factors that were critical to ensuring different stakeholders, both within and outside the hospital, could meaningfully contribute to improving patient safety. They agreed that technological approaches and advances would have limited impact without meaningful cultural changes at all levels of healthcare infrastructure to implement the benefits offered by current or future technologies.
Effects of chilling on the root cell ultrastructure of two soybean cultivars

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars: Aldana (more resistant) and Essor (less resistant to low temperature) were subjected to chilling at 5°C for 24 h, and then the ultrastructure of the root meristem cells was investigated. The ultrastructure of control root cells of the tested cultivars differed in the number of condensed mitochondria, plastids with phytoferritin, deformed vacuoles, as well as multivesicular bodies (MB) in cytoplasm and vacuoles. Chilling induced concentric endoplasmic reticulum (ER) arrangement in both soybean cultivars, while the circular Golgi apparatus (GA) occurred only in cv. Essor and MB in the cytoplasm of cv. Aldana cells. Additionally, in cv. Aldana chilling increased the number of condensed mitochondria, MB in vacuoles and multilamellar structures (MS) in cytoplasm whereas in cv. Essor it enlarged the population of plastids with phytoferritin and the number of MB in cytoplasm. After chilling treatment the population of deformed vacuoles with phenolic compounds in the form of electron dense granules increased but the number of multilamellar structures (MS) in the vacuoles of both cultivars decreased. The ultrastructural changes induced by the chilling stress were not lethal but rather adaptive, especially in more resistant cv. Aldana.
STS-103 Discovery Launch Scrub Press Conference

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A press conference held on December 16, 1999, to explain the reason behind NASA's decision to delay the Discovery's launching by a period of 24 hrs is presented. According to Ron Dittemore, Space Shuttle Program Manager, the STS-103 team delayed the launch because they need extra time to check one vendor's manufacturing processes, after an x-ray inspection revealed that an improper weld rod was used to weld one of the pressuring lines (called NPS lines) in the ET (external tank). Mr. Dittemore explained that since it is in the ET (not a major load carrying structure and rebuild after each flight), it did not pose any danger to the STS-103 flight. However, the same vendor also manufactured some parts of the orbiter and the team wanted to make sure that the quality of the vendor's manufacturing processes is robust before launching the orbiter to space. He also answered some reporters' questions.
Study on Molecular Evolutionary of 13 Kinds of Penaeidae in the Offshore of China and Allied Species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Partial sequences of 16S rRNA gene(about 371 bp) and cytochrome oxidase I(about 385 bp) gene from 13 shrimp species from South China Sea were analyzed.Molecular phylogenetic trees were reconstructed using Maximum Parsimony(MP) method and Maximum Likelihood(ML) method as well as Maximum Likelihood.According to the results,113 nucleotide sites substituted in COI gene(31.8% of the total nucleotide sites in COI gene)and 44 nucleotide sites substituted in 16S rRNA gene(11.9% nucleotide sites substituted in 16S rRNA gene) were obtained.The phylogeny resulting from the combined 16S and COI partial sequences showed that these species form three well-supported monophyletic clades consistent with the three genera proposed in a recent systematic review of the suborder Dendrobranchiata.This contrasted with conclusions drawn from recent molecular phylogenetic work on penaeid shrimps based on partial sequences of the mitochondrial COI region that support recent revisions of the Dendrobranchiata based on morphological analysis.
Durable Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete with Supplimentary Cementitious Materials

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Durability of concrete structure in marine environments is a big issue for many decades due to chloride attack. Chloride penetrates the concrete structure and accelerates the corrosion process of reinforcement which decreases the life of those structures. Also shrinkage cracks in concrete play main role for chloride penetration through concrete surface. Many researchers tried to find easy and economical ways to obtain durable concrete in such marine region by use of supplementary cementitious material with proper curing regime. Also use of fiber in concrete may arrest the shrinkage cracks, decreasing the chloride permeability and increasing the durability of concrete. Durability of concrete with glass fiber and by replacement of cement and sand partially by supplementary cementitious material such as fly ash and pond ash, respectively is measured by conducting shrinkage test, bulk electrical resistivity, SEM and ultrasonic pulse velocity test. Based on various test result present research proposes an economical durable concrete with desired compressive strength by use of glass fiber and supplementary cementitious material.
Intracellular Trafficking of Amyloid Precursor Protein by the Exocyst: Mechanisms in Alzheimer's Disease and Insulin Signaling

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Alzheimer’s disease is a devastating progressive neurodegenerative disease that causes memory loss, personality changes, and impaired reasoning. It currently affects approximately 6 million people in the US, and is America’s 6th leading cause of death. Research on the disease has been extensive for decades, however there are still no effective therapies and the pathogenic mechanisms are not fully understood. Two of the pathways implicated in causing the damage seen in Alzheimer’s disease focus around amyloid beta peptide aggregates, that form plaques, and hyperphosphorylated tau, which forms tangles. Studies on the Amyloid hypothesis focus on the generation and aggregation of the peptide, which is cleaved from the amyloid precursor protein (APP). How APP is cut and whether it will lead formation of the amyloid peptide has been shown to be influenced by the trafficking of APP bringing it into contact with different secretases. Based on the intracellular trafficking patterns of APP, and hints from the literature, we hypothesized that the eight-protein exocyst complex regulates APP trafficking and amyloid beta generation in neurons. For our research, we used two cell models: the SH-SY5Y cell line, a human neuroblastoma cell line able to be differentiated into neuronal cells using retinoic acid, and mouse primary hippocampal neurons. For our experiments, we generated several transgenic SH-SY5Y lines, including a mutant APP overexpressing line that secretes high levels of amyloid beta, as well as lines that co-express fluorescent-tagged mutant APP and exocyst proteins for use in live cell imaging. We found that when several members of the exocyst family are knocked down using siRNA in our mutAPP overexpressing line, the amount of amyloid beta released in the media significantly decreases. Using the proximity ligation assay (PLA), we also discovered that Exoc5 and APP closely co-localize (within 40nm) in mouse primary hippocampal neurons. Since the exocyst regulates the insulin-induced trafficking of Glut4 glucose transporters in adipocytes and muscle cells, we tested the effect of insulin signaling in neurons on the exocyst and its relationship to APP and Glut4. When insulin was present, the exocyst holocomplex assembly increased significantly, as did its association with Glut4, however APP association with the exocyst was largely abolished. The data suggests that insulin signaling is able to switch the exocyst complex away from APP-containing vesicles and potentially reduce amyloid beta generation. These findings point to the regulation of APP trafficking by the exocyst complex and a direct connection between the exocyst’s influence on the production of the amyloid beta peptide and insulin signaling effects. Understanding the involvement of the exocyst in Alzheimer’s disease could provide further targets for drug development and help bridge the gap in our understanding of connections between insulin signaling in the brain and Alzheimer’s disease.
Management Of Neuroretinitis In A Case of Lyme Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Neuroretinitis in Lyme disease is a rare entity, which is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi. Diagnosis of the disease is based on clinical history, symptoms and serological testing. Here, we present a case of a young 12 year old female suffering from unilateral neuroretinitis associated with Lyme disease characterized by sudden loss of vision, optic disc swelling and macular star. After the diagnosis, the patient received medical therapy and improved well. Early diagnosis and appropriate management of this disease may improve vision with a good outcome.
Open Data and the Needs of Older People for Public Transport Information

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

People’s life expectancy is increasing throughout the world as a result of improved living standards and medical advances. The natural ageing process is accompanied by physiological changes which can have significant consequences for mobility. As a result, older people tend to make fewer journeys than other adults and may change their transport mode. Access to public transport can help older people to avail themselves of goods, services, employment and other activities. Hence, public transport is important to older people’s quality of life, their sense of freedom and independence.
Within the European Commission funded FP7 project GOAL (Growing Older and stAying mobiLe), the transport requirements of older people were studied on the basis of five different profiles/groups of older people defined within the project, according to their ‘fitness to travel’. It was found that easily-accessible information provision on public transport was important for all of these groups, but that the required content and delivery of the information varied between groups. Even though new technologies can provide useful real-time information in the palm of a hand, the study highlighted that devices and content are not user-friendly for many older people, particularly relating to web sites and ‘apps’ (applications, usually on portable devices). As the system developers target bigger markets from their economic point of view, many products do not address the requirements of specific groups of older people (e.g. those with mobility difficulties). However, this could change with the apps-based traveller information because of the relatively lower cost of apps development when data is available in an open data server.
In this context, the on-going EC-funded TIDE (Transport Innovation Deployment in Europe) project is exploring the issue of open data for apps-based traveller information as one of the innovative urban mobility measures. The benefits of open access data is that it allows third parties (private or public) to access data and develop apps to provide information to users in a variety of ways according to user needs. For example, older people may need larger font displays and primary data only, while mobility impaired people may need information on walking distances and the existence of gradient, steps, seats, etc. Reviewing the international cases of open data implementation, the study found examples of authorities initiating the market by running competitions to develop apps for targeted groups such as older or disabled people.

This paper will present the findings of the information needs of older people using public transport from the GOAL project and then explores the possibility of apps-based traveller information for them currently being looked at in the ongoing TIDE project. The aim here is to address information needs of older people particularly using public transport to make it more attractive in the 21st century
Housing and Socioeconomic Transformations in South Korea

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In preceding periods of industrial growth, housing provision in South Korea served as a strategic tool to sustain political stability and economic development. Housing production has been prodigious in South Korea (hereafter Korea), with the construction of units exceeding half a million a year since the late 1980s. The state has been a key player, establishing centralized public housing agencies, setting ambitious periodic housing supply targets and trying to manage speculative cycles (Kim and Kim, 2000; KSATFT, 2007; Park 2007; Lee and Ronald, 2012). In recent years, however, the housing system has undergone structural transformations and become more dynamic than ever. Increasingly, political and economic systems have operated in tandem with changes at the global level, meaning that the housing system has been affected by both internally and externally driven shifts that are reshaping the role of housing policy and the impact of housing markets.KeywordsGross Domestic ProductHousing MarketHousing PolicyHousing AffordabilityHousing SystemThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.