jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Greenhouse gas budget of a poplar bioenergy plantation in Belgium: CO2 uptake outweighs CH4 and N2O emissions

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Biomass from short‐rotation coppice (SRC) of woody perennials is being increasingly used as a bioenergy source to replace fossil fuels, but accurate assessments of the long‐term greenhouse gas (GHG) balance of SRC are lacking. To evaluate its mitigation potential, we monitored the GHG balance of a poplar ( Populus ) SRC in Flanders, Belgium, over 7 years comprising three rotations (i.e., two 2 year rotations and one 3 year rotation). In the beginning—that is, during the establishment year and during each year immediately following coppicing—the SRC plantation was a net source of GHGs. Later on—that is, during each second or third year after coppicing—the site shifted to a net sink. From the sixth year onward, there was a net cumulative GHG uptake reaching −35.8 Mg CO 2 eq/ha during the seventh year. Over the three rotations, the total CO 2 uptake was −51.2 Mg CO 2 /ha, while the emissions of CH 4 and N 2 O amounted to 8.9 and 6.5 Mg CO 2 eq/ha, respectively. As the site was non‐fertilized, non‐irrigated, and only occasionally flooded, CO 2 fluxes dominated the GHG budget. Soil disturbance after land conversion and after coppicing were the main drivers for CO 2 losses. One single N 2 O pulse shortly after SRC establishment contributed significantly to the N 2 O release. The results prove the potential of SRC biomass plantations to reduce GHG emissions and demonstrate that, for the poplar plantation under study, the high CO 2 uptake outweighs the emissions of non‐CO 2 greenhouse gases.
Study on Distribution of Molecular Weight in Radiation Induced Solid State Polymerization II

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

旨放射線固相重合を分子量分布, 平均分子量の二つの側面から理論的に考察を行なった。重合のモデルに対しては, 考えられる実際の状態に近づけるための考慮が払われた。速度定数を表わすkp, kq, ksを主要のパラメーターとし, その他必要なパラメーターをも導入した。数値計算の結果は, 現在までの実験結果を定性的にではあるが, 矛盾なく説明できる。これらの結果は, 各種の物質の放射線固相重合に十分に適用し得るものと思われる。
Needlestick Injuries among Healthcare Workers

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: To determine the frequency and contributory factors of needlestick injuries (NSI) among the healthcare workers (HCWs) in two tertiary healthcare centers of Punjab, Pakistan. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Mayo Hospital, Lahore and Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital, Sialkot from January to June 2018. Ethical approval was taken from the institutional review board of the institution. A total of 225 HCWs (doctors, charge nurses, nursing students and waste disposal workers) were included after taking their informed consent. A structured questionnaire for needlestick injury was used. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 was used to analyze the data. Results: Out of 225 HCWs, 90(40%) doctors, 83(36.9%) charge nurses, 17(7.6%) nursing students and 35(15.6%) waste disposal workers consented to participate in the study. Out of them, 112(49.8%) were trained for NSI prevention. However, 161(71.6%) had suffered from NSI which was statistically significant (p-value<0.001) in non-doctors, less experienced and less educated HCWs. Working in the operation theatre setting was a contributory factor in the majority (55%) of cases followed by maintaining intravenous line (29%) and drawing blood samples (27%). Conclusion: The frequency of NSIs among HCWs was found to be high (71.6%). Maintaining intravenous line, drawing blood samples and working in the operation theatre setting were major contributory factors for NSis among HCWs. Lack of awareness regarding immediate action following NSI was observed in 26% ofHCWs.
Synthesis of Poly(Arylene Alkenylene)s by Pd‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Coupling Polycondensation of Diiodoarenes, Non‐Conjugated Dienes, and Nucleophiles that Involves Chain Walking Isomerization

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT The Pd‐catalyzed three‐component coupling polycondensation of diiodoarenes, nonconjugated dienes, and carbonucleophiles afforded poly(arylene alkenylene)s with moderate molecular weight in good yield. The reaction involves Mizoroki‐Heck coupling, olefin migration via chain walking, and addition of the carbonucleophile to the resulting π‐allylpalladium species. The polymerization with a slight excess of nucleophile with respect to diiodoarene also proceeded to give the polymer without significant decrease in molecular weight in spite of the nonstoichiometric mixture of the monomers. The Pd‐catalyzed three‐component coupling polycondensation of diiodoarenes, nonconjugated dienes, and diimide also proceeded. The base used in the reaction is critical for yield and molecular weight of the product. The reaction using NaHCO 3 afforded the product with low solubility, which can be explained by the high molecular weight of the polymer and/or the strong interaction of the electron donating dimethoxyphenylene groups and electron accepting diimide groups in the polymer. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019 , 57 , 2535–2542
Enhancing Performance Through Knowledge Management

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Knowledge management (KM) has gained increasing attention since the mid-1990s. A KM strategy involves consciously helping people share and put knowledge into action. However, before an organization can realize the promise of KM, a fundamental question needs to be asked: What performance goal(s) is the organization trying to achieve? In this paper, we develop and offer a framework that provides a holistic view of the performance environment surrounding organizational knowledge work. We illustrate the KM framework using two organizational case studies. Then, based on the KM framework and further insights drawn from our case studies, we offer a series of steps that may guide and assist organizations and practitioners as they undertake KM initiatives. We further demonstrate the applicability of these steps by examining KM initiatives within a global software development company. We conclude with a discussion of implications for organizational practice and directions for future research.
Research into Clarification Filtration through Synthetic Filtering Partitions

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The research presents the results of the study of clarification filtration process of low-concentration sludge suspensions through mixed media filtration systems containing fabric filtering partitions made of synthetic and cotton fibres. It is the kinetics of the clarification process of rougher filtration solutions under study in the research, as well as the stages of the formation of the filtering layer of synthetic filtering partitions are determined; the filtration regime of clarification filtering is analysed; the rate of the increase in the total resistance of the filtering partition in the process of dehydration is evaluated. The data available from the experiments allow providing a mathematical expression for the filtration rate. The influence of structural components of filter fabric on the initial stage of filtration process is taken into account.
Conserved Subgroups and Developmental Regulation in the Monocot rop Gene Family

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Rop small GTPases are plant-specific signaling proteins with roles in pollen and vegetative cell growth, abscisic acid signal transduction, stress responses, and pathogen resistance. We have characterized the rop family in the monocots maize (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa). The maize genome contains at least nine expressed rops, and the fully sequenced rice genome has seven. Based on phylogenetic analyses of all available Rops, the family can be subdivided into four groups that predate the divergence of monocots and dicots; at least three have been maintained in both lineages. However, the Rop family has evolved differently in the two lineages, with each exhibiting apparent expansion in different groups. These analyses, together with genetic mapping and identification of conserved non-coding sequences, predict orthology for specific rice and maize rops. We also identified consensus protein sequence elements specific to each Rop group. A survey of ROP-mRNA expression in maize, based on multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and a massively parallel signature sequencing database, showed significant spatial and temporal overlap of the nine transcripts, with high levels of all nine in tissues in which cells are actively dividing and expanding. However, only a subset of rops was highly expressed in mature leaves and pollen. Intriguingly, the grouping of maize rops based on hierarchical clustering of expression profiles was remarkably similar to that obtained by phylogenetic analysis. We hypothesize that the Rop groups represent classes with distinct functions, which are specified by the unique protein sequence elements in each group and by their distinct expression patterns.
Optimization of novel and greener approach for the coproduction of uricase and alkaline protease in Bacillus licheniformis by Box–Behnken model

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This study explores a novel concept of coproduction of uricase and alkaline protease by Bacillus licheniformis using single substrate in single step. Seven local bacterial strains were screened for uricase production, amongst which B. licheniformis is found to produce highest uricase along with alkaline protease. Optimization of various factors influencing maximum enzyme coproduction by B. licheniformis is performed. Maximum enzyme productivity of 0.386 U/mL uricase and 0.507 U/mL alkaline protease is obtained at 8 hr of incubation period, 1% (v/v) inoculum, and at 0.2% (w/v) uric acid when the organism is cultivated at 25°C, 180 rpm, in a media containing xylose as a carbon source, urea as a nitrogen source, and initial pH of 9.5. The statistical experimental design method of Box-Behnken was further applied to obtain optimal concentration of significant parameters such as pH (9.5), uric acid concentration (0.1%), and urea concentration (0.05%). The maximum uricase and alkaline protease production by B. licheniformis using Box-Behnken design was 0.616 and 0.582 U/mL, respectively, with 1.6- and 1.13-fold increase as compared to one factor at a time optimized media. This study will be useful to develop an economic, commercially viable, and scalable process for simultaneous production of uricase and protease enzymes.
Studies on the terpenoids and related alicyclic compounds. XXVI. Total syntheses of highly oxygenated furanoeremophilanes: (.+-.)-6.BETA.-Hydroxy-1,10-dehydrofuranoeremophilan-9-one, (.+-.)-decompositin, (.+-.)-dihydrodecompositin, (.+-.)-adenostylone, (.+-.)-3.BETA.,6.BETA.-dipropionyloxyeuryopsin-9-one, (.+-.)-3.BETA.,6.BETA.-dihydroxy-10.BETA.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The total syntheses of several highly oxygenated, 1, 10-dehydrofuranoeremophilanes [(±)-6β-hydroxy-1, 10-dehydrofuranoeremophilan-9-one (1a), (±)-decompositin (1b), (±)-dihydrodecompositin (3), (±)-adenostylone (1c), (±)-3β, 6β-dipropionyleuryopsin-9-one (2b)] and polyoxy compounds [(±)-3β, 6β-dihydroxy-10βH-furanoeremophilan-9-one (4), (±)-3β, 6β-dihydroxy-10αH-furanoeremophilan-9-one (5), and 3β-acetoxy-6β-isobutyroxy-furanoeremophilan-9-one (28b)] from a bicyclic enone (6a) are described. Treatment of 10α-hydroxy-6, 9-dioxo compounds (8a, 18 and 23) with SOCl2-pyridine gave the corresponding 1, 10-dehydro-6, 9-dioxo compounds (11, 20 and 24, respectively). NaBH4 reduction of 11, 20 and 24 afforded the 6β-hydroxy derivatives (12a, 1a and 2a, respectively) regio- and stereoselectively. (±)-1a was converted into (±)-1b, (±)-1c, and (±)-3. (±)-2a was also converted into (±)-2b. Catalytic reduction of 12a with H2/Pd gave the 10α-H and 10β-H compounds (25 and 26a). Deketalization of 25 and 26a with aq. AcOH followed by reduction with NaBH4 gave (±)-5 and (±)-4, respectively. Esterification of 26a with 2-methylbutyric anhydride-pyridine gave the ester (26b), which was converted to (±)-28a and 28b.
Changes in Smokers' Perception about smoking before and after Participation in a Hospitalized Smoking Cessation Program

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The types of changes in smokers' subjectivity before and after the smoking cessation program in this study suggest a better tailored intervention for individual smokers. The types of changes on smokers' subjectivity provide insight about which factors of the interventions for smoking cessation are especially valued for a particular group of smokers.
The role of sexual imprinting and the Westermarck effect

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Positive sexual imprinting is a process by which individuals use the phenotype of their opposite-sex parent as a template for choosing mates and is suggested to play an important role in human mate choice. In contrast, negative imprinting, or The Westermarck Effect, is characterized by individuals developing a strong sexual aversion to others with whom they lived closely in infancy and early childhood. In this review, we evaluate the literature on their effects on mate choice in humans. We find little evidence to support positive imprinting in humans because the studies either have serious design flaws, do not exclude effects of heritable mating preferences, or do not account for several possible alternative explanations. Instead, it seems that the opposite phenomenon, negative sexual imprinting, has some support from natural experiments which have found that individuals avoid mating with those with whom they lived closely in infancy and early childhood. However, it seems that early association does not produce a strong-enough aversion to completely annihilate sexual desire, probably because the mind uses multiple kinship cues to regulate inbreeding avoidance. Thus, it appears that the evidence for both types of imprinting is fairly weak in humans. Thus, more studies are needed to test the role of
Metagenomic Sequencing and Evaluation of the Host Response in the Pediatric Aerodigestive Population

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives To assess the diagnostic utility of metagenomic sequencing in pediatric aerodigestive clinic patients being evaluated for chronic aspiration. Clinical metagenomics allows for evaluation of both the respiratory microbiota and the transcriptome of the host immune response. Study Design and Methods Twenty-four children referred to an aerodigestive clinic were enrolled in a prospective, single-site, cross-sectional cohort study. At the time of clinical evaluation under anesthesia, two additional samples were obtained: an upper airway sample and a sample from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Samples were sent for routine culture and analyzed using Explify® Respiratory, a CLIA Laboratory Developed Test (LDT) which identifies respiratory commensals and pathogens through RNA and DNA sequencing. Incidentally obtained host transcriptomics were analyzed to evaluate the host immune response. The results of these studies were correlated with the clinical presentation of the research subjects. Results In ten patients, organisms primarily associated with oral flora were identified in the BAL. Standard culture was negative in three patients where clinical metagenomics led to a result with potential clinical significance. Transcriptomic data correlated with the presence or absence of dysphagia as identified on prior videofluoroscopic evaluation of swallowing. Differentially expressed genes included upregulation of genes involved in the immune response, such as CXCL8 (interleukin 8) and ITGB2 (CD18). Conclusions Clinical metagenomics allows for simultaneous analysis of the microbiota and the host immune response from BAL samples. As the technologies in this field continue to advance, such testing may improve the diagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected chronic aspiration.
Identification and characterization of a human agonist cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitope of human prostate-specific antigen.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

One potential target of vaccine therapy for human prostate cancer is the prostate-specific antigen (PSA). One strategy to enhance the immunogenicity of a self-antigen such as PSA is to develop agonist epitopes that are potentially more immunogenic. The studies described here report the design and analysis of an agonist epitope designated PSA-3A ("A" for agonist) of the PSA-3 CTL epitope. Studies demonstrate that when compared with the native PSA-3 epitope, the PSA-3A agonist demonstrates enhanced binding to the MHC class I A2 allele as well as enhanced stability of the peptide-MHC complex. T-cell lines generated with either the PSA-3 or the PSA-3A peptide showed higher levels of lysis of targets pulsed with the PSA-3A peptide than those targets pulsed with the PSA-3 peptide; this was observed when both the concentration of peptide and the ratio of effector to target cells were titrated. T cells stimulated with dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with PSA-3A peptide produced higher levels of IFN-gamma than did DCs pulsed with PSA-3 peptide; however, no increase in apoptosis was seen in T cells stimulated with the PSA-3A agonist compared with those stimulated with PSA-3. Human T-cell lines generated with the PSA-3A agonist had the ability to lyse human prostate carcinoma cells expressing native PSA in an MHC-restricted manner. Recombinant vaccinia viruses were also constructed that contained the entire PSA transgene with and without the single amino acid change that constitutes the PSA-3A epitope; DCs infected with the recombinant vector containing the agonist amino acid change within the entire PSA gene (designated rV-PSA-3A) were more effective than DCs infected with the rV-PSA vector in enhancing IFN-gamma production by T cells. Finally, the PSA-3A agonist was shown to induce higher levels of T-cell activation, compared with the PSA-3 peptide, in an in vivo model using HLA-A2.1/K(b) transgenic mice. These studies thus demonstrate the potential use of the PSA-3A agonist epitope in both peptide- and vector-mediated immunotherapy protocols for prostate cancer.
Correction to Evaluation of Electrophilic Heteroaromatic Substitution: Synthesis of Heteroaromatic-Fused Pyrimidine Derivatives via Sequential Three-Component Heterocyclization

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to Evaluation of Electrophilic Heteroaromatic Substitution: Synthesis of Heteroaromatic-Fused Pyrimidine Derivatives via Sequential Three-Component HeterocyclizationFung Fuh Wong*, Yu-Ying Huang, and Chun-Hsi ChangCite this: J. Org. Chem. 2013, 78, 16, 8216Publication Date (Web):August 16, 2013Publication History Published online16 August 2013Published inissue 16 August 2013https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo401691uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo401691ucorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2013 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views654Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (113 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The concepts of Theological Principles in morality literatures and in the Holy Bible

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the praise of the Lord who creates the world, the scriptures of the eighteen following books of the Sangamamaruviya period, and the Holy Book of Christianity, the Holy Book of Christianity, are of the Lord. This article explains that humanity is cultivated by the praise of sovereignty, removes evils, and directs the way of good ness. In the article, the article explains the importance of appreciating the nature of God and the system of worship of God, the benefits and the virtues of the sovereignty, that the world is the creation of the Lord and that the atom will not move without him.
Multiple Histogram Method and Static Monte Carlo Sampling

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Summary: We describe an approach to use multiple‐histogram methods in combination with static, biased Monte Carlo simulations. To illustrate this, we computed the force‐extension curve of an athermal polymer from multiple histograms constructed in a series of static Rosenbluth Monte Carlo simulations. From the complete histogram of the distribution function of the end‐to‐end vectors of the polymer chain, we can efficiently compute the polymer force‐extension curve. Comparison of the stress‐strain curves for the stress ensemble (symbols) and the strain ensemble (lines). Results obtained for N = 100, 200, 400, and 600. For small x , f ( x ) = − F′ ( x ) was computed by aproximating F ( x ) by a second degree polynomial and then taking the derivative. For large x , f ( x ) = − F′ ( x ) was computed numerically. image Comparison of the stress‐strain curves for the stress ensemble (symbols) and the strain ensemble (lines). Results obtained for N = 100, 200, 400, and 600. For small x , f ( x ) = − F′ ( x ) was computed by aproximating F ( x ) by a second degree polynomial and then taking the derivative. For large x , f ( x ) = − F′ ( x ) was computed numerically.
Synthesis and 1H NMR spectra of some 1‐aryl‐2,5‐pyrrolidinediones

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Three 1‐aryl‐2,5 pyrrolidinediones, two of which are novel, were prepared by reaction of the requisite primary aromatic amines with succinic anhydride, followed by treatment with acetic anhydride. The 1 H nmr spectra for the derivatives in which aryl is 1‐naphthyl and 1‐anthracenyl exhibit 32‐line multiplets for the four aliphatic hydrogens, indicating that all four are in different environments. Examination of molecular models demonstrates that the pyrrolidinedione and aryl ring systems cannot be coplanar and that rotation about the nitrogen‐aryl bond is restricted. Molecular mechanics calculations reveal that a dihedral angle of 50–65° for the two ring systems results in the minimum steric interaction energy.
Three-dimensional small-angle neutron scattering (3D-SANS) and its application

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Three-dimensional small-angle neutron scattering (3D-SANS) analysis is derived. This analysis using neutrons, which can penetrate matter easily, is a powerful technique to investigate the anisotropic nanoscale structures in single crystal bulk materials, although it takes a long time to get a complete data set. This technique is applied to the analysis of the anisotropic neutron scattering from a superconductor CeRu 2 . It suggests that planar defects correlate well with the lattice symmetry of the crystal and influence superconducting properties as pinning centers. It is also shown by simulation that the 3D-SANS analysis is useful even at intense short pulse spallation sources that give a wider band width of neutron wavelength, if the SANS profile is highly anisotropic.