jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The neurobiology of central dopamine and progesterone in the reproductive cycle of the ring dove (Streptopelia risoria)

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The ring dove (Streptopelia risoria) is a usefUl animal model for the identification of neural and hormonal determinants of reproductive behaviours. Studies were undertaken to investigate the role of dopamine and progesterone in the expression of sexually differentiated patterns of behaviours during the breeding cycle, and provide the first mapping of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (Til-ir) structures in the ring dove brain. \nQuantitative analysis revealed increased TFJ-ir cells, in male and female brooding doves, in the nuclei periventricularis magnocellularis, dorsomedialis anterior thalami, pretectalis medialis; and in the nucleus dorsomedialis posterior thalami in female brooding birds. \nThis confirms that increases in dopamine activity during the brooding period are exhibited in regions integrating neuroendocrine and sensory information to mediate the expression of parental defence behaviours. \nImmunofluorescence studies revealed no co-localisation of progesterone receptor (PR-fr) in TM-fr cells, but demonstrated the presence of TH-fr terminals in axosomatic contact with PR-fr-containing cells in the preoptic region, which may enable dopamine activation of the progesterone receptor, via the Dl receptor. \nA collaborative study with the University of Hiroshima, demonstrated increased progesterone concentrations in the diencephalon of male brooding doves compared with non-breeding male doves. Measurement of 3[3-HSD enzymatic activity confirmed the synthesis of progesterone in the ring dove diencephalon. This may be sexually differentiated and mediated by proliferating glial cells, under the influence of VIP and prolactin. \nPrimary glial cell culture techniques established the presence of PR-fr in cultured ring dove brain cells. These studies suggest that nest defence behaviour in male and female ring doves may be mediated by differentially elevated levels of centrally acting progesterone, arising as a consequence of increasing dopante activity in the preoptic area. The possibility of progesterone inhibition of y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) activity, to disliThibit dopamine neuronal activity during incubation and brooding, and enable the expression of defensive behaviours is discussed.
Functions of Nitric Oxide (NO) in Roots during Development and under Adverse Stress Conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The free radical molecule, nitric oxide (NO), is present in the principal organs of plants, where it plays an important role in a wide range of physiological functions. Root growth and development are highly regulated by both internal and external factors such as nutrient availability, hormones, pattern formation, cell polarity and cell cycle control. The presence of NO in roots has opened up new areas of research on the role of NO, including root architecture, nutrient acquisition, microorganism interactions and the response mechanisms to adverse environmental conditions, among others. Additionally, the exogenous application of NO throughout the roots has the potential to counteract specific damages caused by certain stresses. This review aims to provide an up-to-date perspective on NO functions in the roots of higher plants.
Measurement Of Technical Efficiency Of Ayushman Aarogya Mandirs In Kanpur Nagar: An Application Of Data Envelopment Analysis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Under the flagship Ayushman Bharat Mission, the government of India established Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs) as pivotal points for delivering comprehensive primary healthcare, including non-communicable disease (NCD) management, screening, wellness sessions, mental health and so on. Evaluating their operational efficiency is crucial for optimizing resource utilization, process improvement and enhancing service delivery. This study assesses the technical efficiency of 33 HWCs in a district of Uttar Pradesh, employing Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to quantify performance variations based on outpatient visits and NCD patient care. Two DEA models were constructed: Model 1 considered outpatient visits as output with ASHA and ANM personnel as inputs; Model 2 focused on hypertensive and diabetic patient management with facility infrastructure and drug availability as inputs. Efficiency scores were calculated under Variable Returns to Scale (VRS) assumptions. The significant heterogeneity in efficiency underscores the need for targeted interventions focusing on workforce capacity building, on the job training, upgradation of health technology, and strenghtening of the clinical capacity to enhance HWCs’ performance. Integrating DEA findings with qualitative inputs can guide policy towards achieving equitable and effective primary care crucial for Universal Health Coverage in India.
Nicardipine in heart failure: distinguishing its acute beneficial from its chronic effects.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Concern over negative inotropic effects has limited the use of calcium blockers in patients with congestive heart failure. Nicardipine, a second generation dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, has demonstrated positive hemodynamic effects in short-term therapy in patients with congestive heart failure. Prolonged use of calcium channel blockers remains contraindicated in patients with congestive heart failure due to the potential for activation of the renin-angiotensin system. However, acute intravenous nicardipine administration has important clinical applications (as in the management of surgical hypertension or hypertensive emergencies). Nicardipine may be safely used for these indications even in the presence of congestive heart failure.
Local Production of Angiotensinogen

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Genetic approaches such as gene targeting have been extensively used to gain a better understanding of the role of hormones and pathways involved in cardiovascular physiology. Given its pivotal role in cardiovascular homeostasis the renin-angiotensin system has been one of the most frequently targeted systems. Angiotensinogen (AGT), the only known precursor of the renin-angiotensin system, has received particular attention because genetic and molecular studies have shown that genetic variation at this locus impacts individual differences in blood pressure and the likelihood of developing essential hypertension. Knockout and overexpression of the AGT gene lead to adverse cardiovascular phenotypes. In this chapter we will review these data and detail a strategy using well-characterized cell-specific promoters to specifically target the AGT gene to defined cells and tissues. The development and characterization of these models has helped uncover the role and significance of local production of AGT in several tissues.
[The predication of ovarian response in control ovarian hyperstimulation by the ratio of basal FSH and LH level].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The data suggest that although serum FSH level on D2-D3 doesn't reach 15IU/L, the basal FSH/LH > 2. After using GnRHa, the FSH/LH ratio became significantly higher, and the basal E2 level is higher, which is useful in prognostic assessment of ovarian bad reserve.
III.—New Carnivoka from the Middle Miocene of La Grive-Saint-Alban, Isère, France

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This is the Progenetta incerta of Depéret, which requires a new name, as it is far from identical with the Mustela incerta , Lartet, from Sansan, with which Depéret identified his specimens from La Grive.
Real-time estimation of surgical procedure duration

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

<p>Efficiency in the Operating Room (OR) is a topic of growing interest. Planning of care is a crucial element to ensure optimal use of the ORs. Currently, OR scheduling is considered as a complex task based on predictions of surgery duration. The latter are often based on average times, but turn out to be inaccurate in practice because of various factors (such as complexity, patient's characteristics, unexpected events, etc). The aim of this study is to develop a prediction system that estimates in real-time the remaining duration of a surgical procedure. The prediction system was based on monitoring the progress of a procedure by recording the activation of a single piece of equipment in the OR, the electrosurgical device. Support Vector Machines was then used as a classifier to predict the remaining surgical procedure duration and thereby the optimal timing to start preparing the next patient for surgery. The classifier was trained with data on the activation of the electrosurgical device during 55 laparoscopic cholecystectomies. The performance tests showed a mean error rate about 0.2, which means that about 80% of the procedures were classified correctly. The real-time prediction system is a promising tool to improve OR planning and decrease unnecessary patients' waiting times.</p>
Exploring Economic and Risk Perceptions Sparking Off-Shore Irregular Migration: West African Youth on the Move

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study explores economic and risk perceptions that spark off-shore irregular migration among West Africans through the Mediterranean Sea to countries of destination (CODs). This study is timely because deaths on the Mediterranean Sea, which are unprecedented in migration history, result in a need to create awareness and save lives. Grounded in the Theory of Reasoned Action and the Cultural Theory of Risk Perception, this study explores the economic and risk perceptions of off-shore irregular migration. This study comprised a literature review, otherwise known as a “meta study”. The study’s findings reveal that there is a nexus between a person’s attitude and behaviours in terms of human action. Human nurturing determines a person’s attitudes and behaviours. The human mind does what it wants when one is desperate for economic survival. This forces humankind to engage in dangerous activities to survive. Therefore, irregular migrants’ choice of unsafe routes through the Mediterranean Sea to CODs depends on their expected outcomes. Irregular migrants consider migration as an “insurance”, and flee from hardship towards opportunities. The perceptions that lead to this range from salary disparities to economic freedom. I argue that spiritual beliefs, peer pressure, media platforms, and personal factors influence irregular route choices. This study recommends collaboration among the ECOWAS, African nations’ governments, and the IOM to engage returning migrants to narrate their in-depth experiences about the routes’ dangers to create awareness. Returning migrants’ narratives should be disseminated in mass media and on social media platforms to target youth. This would discourage West African youth from choosing unsafe routes to CODs. Collaboration should be extended to youth training in entrepreneurship to equip youth as job creators rather than job seekers to curb unemployment, which usually sparks off-shore irregular migration.
Is There a Role for Oncotype Dx Testing in Invasive Lobular Carcinoma?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Oncotype Dx Breast Cancer Assay is a 21-gene assay used in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer to predict benefit from chemotherapy (CT). Tumors are placed into one of three risk categories based on their recurrence score (RS). This paper explores the impact of tumor histopathologic features and Oncotype Dx RS on the treatment plan for invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). Invasive lobular carcinoma cases submitted for Oncotype Dx testing were identified from a clinical data base. The histopathologic and immunohistochemical features and RS subcategory of each tumor, and treatment regimen and medical oncologic assessments of each patient were reviewed. A total of 135 cases of ILC had RS testing, which represented 15% of all ILC diagnosed at the institution over the time period. 80% of ILC was of the classical subtype and all tumors were ER positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) negative by immunohistochemistry. Sixty three percent of cases were low risk (LR), 35.5% were intermediate risk (IR) and 1.5% were high risk (HR). Both HR cases were pleomorphic ILC. Sixty eight percent of classical ILC had a LR score, while 70% of pleomorphic ILC had an IR score. Patients in the IR category were significantly more likely to undergo CT than patients in the LR category (54% versus 18%; p < 0.0001). In the LR category, those undergoing CT were significantly younger and more likely to have positive lymph nodes (p < 0.05). Qualitative analysis of medical oncologic assessments showed that RS played a role in decision-making on CT in 74% of cases overall. At our institution, Oncotype Dx RS currently plays a role in the management of a proportion of ILC and impacts on treatment decisions.
Enhancing Internal Operational Capabilities: Interplaying Top Management Commitment and Leadership Agility Development

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper aims to investigate the relationship between top management team (TMT) commitment and leadership development on agile leaders as part of enhancing the operational capabilities of the upstream oil and gas sector. This study adopted a quantitative method with a total of 175 participants from national and international oil companies in Indonesia. Based on the structural equation modelling analysis, the research indicates that leadership agility development has a significant impact on agile leaders, and it has a key role in operational capabilities. TMT commitment has an insignificant impact on agile leaders. Future studies should examine the other consequences of the insignificant variables.
doi:10.1093/nar/gkh985 Repression of the yeast HO gene by the MATa2 and MATa1 homeodomain proteins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The HO gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is regulated by a large and complex promoter that is similar to promoters in higher order eukaryotes. Within this promoter are 10 potential binding sites for the a1-a2 heterodimer, which represses HO and other haploidspecific genes in diploid yeast cells. We have determined that a1-a2 binds to these sites with differing affinity, and that while certain strong-affinity sites are crucial for repression of HO, some of the weak-affinity sites are dispensable. However, these weak-affinity a1-a2-binding sites are strongly conserved in related yeast species and have a role in maintaining repression upon the loss of strongaffinity sites. We found that these weak sites are sufficient for a1-a2 to partially repress HO and recruit the Tup1-Cyc8 (Tup1-Ssn6) co-repressor complex to the HO promoter. We demonstrate that the Swi5 activator protein is not bound to URS1 in diploid cells, suggesting that recruitment of the Tup1-Cyc8 complex by a1-a2 prevents DNA binding by activator proteins resulting in repression of HO.
Conclusion: Reconciliation or Infinite Futility?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The conclusion of this book is that machinery of copyright governance for modern popular media industries must compete (and interact) with omnipotent externalities, that is, the Internet, software, telecommunications and other related digital external technologies. Converging challenges are new and have caused irreconcilable shifts in the balance of power between the various stakeholders at the superstructual level. Challenges have led to:
Chemical analysis of eight giant stars of the globular cluster NGC 6366

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The metal-rich Galactic globular cluster NGC 6366 is the fifth closest to the Sun. Despite its interest, it has received scarce attention, and little is known about its internal structure. Its kinematics suggests a link to the halo, but its metallicity indicates otherwise. We present a detailed chemical analysis of eight giant stars of NGC 6366, using high resolution and high quality spectra (R > 40000, S/N > 60) obtained at the VLT (8.2 m) and CFHT (3.6 m) telescopes. We attempted to characterize its chemistry and to search for evidence of multiple stellar populations. The atmospheric parameters were derived using the method of excitation and ionization equilibrium of FeI and FeII lines and from those atmospheric parameters we calculated the abundances for other elements and found that none of the elements measured presents star-to-star variation greater than the uncertainties. We compared the derived abundances with those of other globular clusters and field stars available in the literature. We determined a mean [Fe/H] = -0.60 +- 0.03 for NGC 6366 and found some similarity of this object with M 71, another inner halo globular cluster. The Na-O anticorrelation extension is short and no star-to-star variation in Al is found. The presence of second generation stars is not evident in NGC 6366.
Modal Development: Input-Divergent L1 Acquisition in the Direction of Diachronic Reanalysis

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This thesis explores the proposed causal link between child language development and language change from the language acquisition perspective. While theorists have argued for a causal link between acquisition and change for over a century (Meillet, 1912; Paul, 1920; i.a.), but little research has investigated whether this proposal makes sense for child language (c.f. Baron, 1977; van Gelderen, 2011: 21-26; Cournane, 2014). I investigate whether child input-divergent patterns (i.e., analyses which diverge away rather than converge towards the adult target) are compatible with innovations we see in the historical record. \nI present a series of naturalistic and experimental studies focusing on modal expressions (e.g., must, can, have to, be going to) in English development. Modal expressions develop diachronically in a unidirectional manner: (a) syntactically, from verbs to functional verbs to INFL-elements (Roberts, 1985; i.a.), and (b) semantically, from root meanings (e.g., ability, obligation), to epistemic meanings (e.g., inference) (Traugott, 1989; i.a.). The studies in this thesis first propose what would need to be true of child language in order for child input-divergence to be the source of historical innovations, and second, test whether these input-divergent patterns indeed occur in child development. \nThe corpus studies on naturalistic modal development provide evidence for syntactic re-categorization biases (i.e., for treatment of expressions which belong to lower categories like v in the input, as higher categories, like INFL, in the child grammar). These studies also show that the delayed onset of epistemic modal uses relative to root modal uses is best explained by grammatical development, not conceptual development (Papafragou, 1998; i.a.). The experimental studies provide evidence that preschool age children increasingly attribute epistemic-type interpretations to polysemous modal constructions, regardless of the presence or absence of meaning-determining aspect cues which adult speakers rely on (Condoravdi, 2002; Hacquard, 2006). Children appear to show U-shaped development for modal meaning and the direction of non adult-like meaning attributions is compatible with the diachronic root > epistemic trajectory. \nTaken together, the studies in this thesis show that children have persistent input-divergent developmental biases in both the syntactic and semantic development of their modal expressions. Both developmental patterns are consistent with the view that there are grammar internal biases in development towards treating modal expressions as increasingly abstract and functional (higher scope, higher in the tree), the same directionality observed in historical development (von Fintel, 1995; Roberts Roussou, 2003; i.a.).
UNDERSTANDING THE EFFECT OF TIE STRENGTH ON CONTINUANCE INTENTION OF SECOND-GENERATION MOBILE INSTANT MESSAGING SERVICES

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Facilitated by the widespread adoption of smartphones, applications (apps) on smartphones such as WeChat and WhatsApp have seen rapid and explosive growth. These apps are generally referred to as second-generation mobile instant messaging (SMIM) services. Unlike first-generation mobile instant messaging (FMIM) services (e.g. Short Message Service), SMIM services typically support multimedia contents and are embedded within social networks, which may have a bearing on the post-adoption behaviour of users in particular. However, prior studies on the post-adoption usage of SMIM services have a limited understanding of the effects of social network. Network tie strength, as a configuration of social network, has an important impact on users in SMIM services. In order to explore the effects of social network on usersâ continued usage intention in SMIM services, we propose and empirically test an integrated model by identifying the antecedents such as tie strength, satisfaction, and perceived critical mass. This study contributes to existing IS post-adoption literature by understanding and capturing the role of social network (i.e. tie strength) in SMIM services. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
New Personality Evaluation of Pilot Candidates in Czech Air Force

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Pilot selection has been a topic since the beginning of aviation, both in civil and military aviation. The first research was carried out before the First World War and has gained importance, especially in the last 20 years, due to the dynamic growth of civil air transport. The selection of military pilots in the Czech Air Force environment takes place within the framework of the admission procedure for study at the University of Defence (UoD) in the specialization of military pilot (MP). The selection includes medical tests, psychological tests, and knowledge tests. This paper aims to verify the suitability of using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) test battery in a shortened form to design and implement a new objective system for selecting candidates for the military pilot specialization. Current MP specialization students (n=51) and candidates in the 2022/2023 academic year (n=35) were tested. The results showed that most students tested (82%) scored low on the Neuroticism scale, and 16% are in the broader average range. On the Conscientiousness scale, a majority of the students (63%) scored high, 37% of the students were in the normal range, and none of the respondents were in the below-average range. The analysis shows that 55% of the subjects have low Neuroticism scores and high Conscientiousness scores. The pilot testing has fulfilled its purpose; there has been a validation of the tools that can be used to define the prerequisites to achieve the desired abilities and skills for the MP specialization. This form may be used to select suitable candidates for the MP specialization in the future.
Analysis the factors that influence consumer purchase decision in automobile industry (case study of PD KIA Antareja BSD)

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

PD KIA Antareja BSD is one of the companies in Indonesia that sells KIA car and as a service center for KIA. The purpose of this thesis research is to identify which one of the influencing factors that has the most influence in affecting consumer buying decision in purchasing car. The data is taken through primary data and secondary data. The primary data obtained from distributed questionnaires to 100 respondents in South Tangerang area. SEM and AMOS software are used to calculate and analyzed the data from the questionnaires. This research proved that past experience, product quality, price and recommendation have their own influence to consumer buying decision in purchasing car. Product quality and price are the factors that have significant influence in affecting the consumer buying decision.