jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Auriküler Vagus Sinir Uyarımının Kişiselleştirilmesi ve Optimizasyonu

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Vagus nerve stimulation (VSU) is a treatment approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, which has been used for the treatment of diseases such as epilepsy and depression for nearly 20 years. It is known that the vagus nerve plays a role in maintaining homeostasis, controlling stress and regulating the immune system. VSU can be done electrically invasively from the neck, non-invasively from the neck or ear. Due to the variable character of autonomic nervous system activity, the application of personalized current parameters appears to be more important in VSU compared to other neuromodulation methods. In order to increase the effectiveness of the treatment and reduce the possible side effects, the stimulation parameters (frequency, duration, pulse width, etc.) can be shaped by online closed-loop stimulation according to the data collected from the person. Measurements such as electroencephalography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, heart rate variability, pulse, blood pressure, evoked potential can be continuously collected from the individual to create personalized stimulation parameters. Thanks to the monitoring of the effects on the individual as a result of stimulation, the stimulation parameters can be determined more clearly. It can be stated that a closed-loop VSU method, in which optimal stimulation parameters are determined with artificial intelligence, will be more effective and safe. By VagustimⓇ company, which develops IoT and machine learning-based medical technological devices in the field of auricular VSU; A device that can stimulate both ears at the same time and perform optimal and personalized stimulation as stated above has been produced. The device, which can be controlled with the mobile application interface, will also allow the user to be followed remotely, as in telemedicine applications.
Surgical Nasoalveolar Molding: A Rational Treatment for Bilateral Cleft Lip Nose and Systematic Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surgical outcome after using primary surgery to address bilateral cleft lip nose and palate deformities. In addition, the authors performed a systematic review to evaluate the effects of the nasoalveolar molding on non-syndromic bilateral cleft lip and palate. Methods: A prospective cohort study on a surgeon’s surgical outcome of 25 consecutively performed primary bilateral cleft lip nasal deformity repairs was conducted and a systematic review of the literature for studies published until December 2019 was done to evaluate the effect of presurgical NAM on nasolabial aesthetics and alveolar gap. Results: Since 2014, 25 consecutive patients with complete bilateral cleft have undergone primary anatomical repair of the cleft nasal deformity using primary cheilorhinoplasty. The average columella length was 4.3 ± 1.3 mm. The average ratio of the columella height to nasal height was 0.48 mm 1 year postoperatively and 0.52 mm 5 years postoperatively. Statistically significant differences have been observed between the pre and postoperative alveolar and palatal gaps after using primary cheiloplasty or bilateral lip adhesion. After systematic literature searching, 14 identified studies were qualified for the final analysis, which included 433 patients. The overall study quality according to Oxford CEBM and GRADE scale was low. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the proposed primary cheilorhinoplasty is a good alternative to improve nose appearance and alveolar gap in patients with primary bilateral cleft lip nose and palate deformity. Based on the available scientific evidence, definitive conclusions about the effectiveness of presurgical Naso Alveolar Molding on nasolabial aesthetics cannot be drawn. Quality of the included articles were too low to make a conclusion.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Benzo[a]phenanthrin‐5‐ones by Photoinduced Cycloaddition of 3‐Chloroisoquinolin‐1‐ones with Styrenes.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Photoreactions of substrates (I) and (IV) with styrenes offers a short route to the target compounds via a photoinduced dechlorinative annulation.
The Relationship of Digital Marketing Advertising Strategies with Television Advertising Jingles in Increasing Brand Awareness on Shopee

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Television is an electronic media that is used for information and entertainment media. Currently, television is used as a promotional medium for brand advertisements, because the audience is very wide, all groups watch television, and the advertisements are short but clear in meaning. Shopee is one of the big brands that uses advertising services on television. This research was created with the aim of finding out the relationship of digital marketing advertising strategies with television advertising jingles in increasing brand awareness on Shopee. The research method used in this writing is quantitative descriptive research with a research sample of 56 respondents. Primary data was obtained by distributing questionnaires to respondents boardly. The research results shot that the digital marketing advertising strategy of television advertising jingles in increasing brand awareness on Shopee can be said to be effective and relevant because the average respondent agrees with it.
Does introduced European Phragmites australis experience belowground microbial enemy release in North America?

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Escape from native range enemies can give invasive species a competitive edge according to the enemy‐release hypothesis. While more commonly associated with predators and herbivores, release from belowground microbial antagonists has been recently demonstrated to benefit invasive plants. Biogeographic variation in dominance and comparisons of soil communities suggest that invasive European Phragmites australis may have also benefitted from belowground enemy release in North America (NA). Here we examine the effects of native range (Europe) versus introduced range (NA) soil communities on European and North American P. australis using a reciprocal inoculation seedling growth experiment. Contrary to the enemy‐release hypothesis, we found that North American P. australis was sensitive to soil community origin in that the seedlings grown in European soil communities had higher total biomass than seedlings grown in North American soil communities. This pattern was not observed in the European P. australis seedlings which had similar biomass when grown with North American or European soil communities. Notably, North American P. australis had higher biomass than European P. australis regardless of which soil community it was grown in, suggesting a growth–defense tradeoff. Though the relative abundance of mutualists and pathogens composition did not differ between the two ranges, an indicator analysis revealed that mutualistic fungi and bacteria were key components of European soil communities but not in North American communities. Interestingly, North American soil communities had lower β diversity than European communities suggesting higher levels of community conservation among North American populations. This research represents the first evidence of growth–defense trade‐offs in North American P. australis and offers a novel mechanism in understanding the invasion of P. australis in NA.
STUDIES ON THE PATHOLOGICAL PHYSIOLOGY OF RENAL DISEASES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

腎疾患において,糸球体病変の障害の程度はその病型,病期等によつて当然異なるものと考えられるが,これを臨床的に把握することは重要なことと思われる.腎クリアランス法によればGFR, FFの低下は糸球体機能の低下を意味するが,腎クリアランス法は正常腎についての理論に基づくものであり,これを病的腎に適用するに当つては,これと原理を異にする方法を併用して,その妥当な範囲を臨床的にきめることが必要である.今回は血清蛋白像と尿蛋白像の接近度で示される糸球体蛋白透過性の程度を計測することを併用して,腎疾患における糸球体病変の比重を決定することを試みた.成績によれば,腎疾患中には糸球体機能の程度と,蛋白透過性の程度が相関する症例があり,この兩法に相関する範囲内においては臨床的に糸球体病変の比重を判定することが出来ると思われる.
Public financing proposal to improve the income of the elderly: A case study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Objective. The study proposes a public financing policy to improve the income of the elderly in Zacatecas, Mexico, by creating productive projects. The aim is to provide sustainable economic alternatives that take advantage of this age group's capabilities, promoting entrepreneurship and labor inclusion among young people. In addition, a bibliometric approach is carried out to identify variables, techniques, tools, or methodologies that can optimize the study's objective and provide greater precision in formulating public policies. Design/Methodology/Approach. To evaluate the viability of the proposed productive projects, a quantitative approach was used based on financial techniques such as the Net Present Value (NPV), the Profitability Index (PI), and the Internal Rate of Return (IRR). The research is based on a study applied to 2566 elderly people from different municipalities of Zacatecas, in which their need for economic support was identified. As for the bibliometric analysis, the Scopus database performs a performance analysis, and VOSviewer is used as a processing tool. Results/Discussion. The results show that, with an initial investment of 3,150,000 Mexican pesos, 100 productive projects can be financed with an IRR of 233.65%, indicating high profitability. The proposal improves the income of the elderly and creates employment for young people, generating significant economic and social benefits for the community. Conclusions. The academic and scientific community identifies everything related to the elderly as an area of interest and growth, so developing knowledge in this field is appropriate. In addition, implementing public policies that support productive projects for the elderly is feasible and profitable. These initiatives improve the economic conditions of this age group and contribute to local economic development and social cohesion. Originality/Value. This study provides an innovative perspective by linking elderly entrepreneurship with public resources to foster economic inclusion. It proposes a model that can be replicated in other regions with similar demographic characteristics.
Membangun Front End Website E-Commerce Dengan Menggunakan Framework Bootstrap 4 Dan Codeigniter 3

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As time goes by, technology goes very fast. Many business people use technology, one of which is an e-commerce website. E-commerce websites are very good to use because they can reach and be accessed by many people. Therefore the web design must be well made. In website design, the thing that must be considered is the user interface which is one of the factors that can determine the increase in website traffic. The better and simpler the user experience, neater, innovative, creative, and attractive the user interface is made, the more interested the user will be in exploring the website. This study aims to create an e-commerce website front end using the bootstrap 4 and codeigniter 3 framework.
Prenatal diagnosis to 6-pyruvoyl tetrahydropterin synthase deficiency

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To diagnose the atypical phenyl ketonuria(PKU) by DNA mutation analysis for the second fetuses from 4 families with atypical PKU children born due to 6-pyruvoyl tetrahydropterin synthase(PTPS) defects.Methods Peripheral blood of the pedigrees and the amniocytes of the pregnant women were collected and DNA was extracted from lymphocytes and amniocytes.The DNA sequencing was performed to check mutations,and microsatellite marker analysis was performed.Results The 3 probands of the families were double heterozygotes and 1 proband was homozygote,in which the mutations were from their father and mother,respectively.The 3 fetuses were confirmed to have none of the two mutations,and 1 fetus only had one mutation.Conclusion These 4 fetuses had been diagnosed to be normal on his(or her) PTPS gene.And a normal phenotype has been confirmed by clinical manifestation,biochemical test and repeated DNA check on the newborn baby.
Isolation of Yersinia Enterocolitica O:9 From Cows Positive in Serological Examination of Bovine Brucellosis

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract The paper presents the results of bacteriological and molecular investigations on the presence of Y. enterocolitica O:9 in the head, mammary and genital lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and uterus samples originating from 58 cows slaughtered due to the positive results of serological examinations for brucellosis. All samples were cultured for Brucella and Y. enterocolitica and examined in multiplex PCR assay (mPCR), in order to identify the universal 16S rRNA Brucella sp. marker and amplify the perosamine synthetase ( per ) gene, specific for Y. enterocolitica O:9 only. Out of 58 examined animals, in 23 cases the presence of Y. enterocolitica was demonstrated. Typical Yersinia -suspected colonies were seen after 24-48 h incubation on Cefsulodin-Irgasan- Novobiocin (CIN) Yersinia selective solid medium. The mPCR analysis confirmed the presence of predicted amplicon of 312 bp, typical for Y. enterocolitica O:9 in 20 out of 58 lymph node samples tested and similarly, as in bacteriological examination, other samples were negative. The presence of the 16S rRNA gene of Brucella , generating the amplicon of 905 bp, was not observed in any of the samples tested.
Barriers to Digital Transformation in Nonprofit Organisations

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

While prior studies extensively explored digital transformation in for-profit and public organisations, the challenges faced by nonprofits remain under-investigated. This study attempts to bridge this gap in the literature by conducting an exploratory case study within a nonprofit organisation in Sweden. Semi-structured interviews and internal document reviews were used to collect data. The thematic analysis revealed fifteen distinct barriers that hinder nonprofit organisations from realising the anticipated results of digital transformation. The findings provide a foundation for further research on digital transformation in organisations engaged in the nonprofit industry. Moreover, practitioners can also leverage these insights to inform their own digital transformation journeys.
Single session of sprint interval training elicits similar cardiac output but lower oxygen uptake versus ramp exercise to exhaustion in men and women.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sprint interval training (SIT) elicits comparable long-term adaptations versus continuous exercise training (CEX) including increased maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and fat utilization. However, there is limited research examining acute hemodynamic responses to SIT. The aim of this study was to examine hemodynamic responses to low-volume SIT. Active men (n=6, VO2max = 39.8 ± 1.7 mL/kg/min) and women (n=7, VO2max = 37.3 ± 5.7 mL/kg/min) performed a ramp-based VO2max test (RAMP) to determine workload for the SIT session. Subjects returned within 1 wk and completed a session of SIT consisting of six 30-s bouts of "all-out" cycling at 130% maximal workload (Wmax) interspersed with 120 s of active recovery. Continuously during RAMP and exercise and recovery in SIT, VO2 was obtained and thoracic impedance was used to estimate heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), and cardiac output (CO). Results revealed no significant differences in COmax (p = 0.12, 19.7 ± 2.4 L/min vs. 20.3 ± 1.8 L/min) but lower SVmax (p = 0.004, 110.4 ± 15.7 mL vs. 119.4 ± 15.5 mL) in RAMP versus SIT. HRmax from SIT (179.0 ± 11.8 b/min) was lower (p = 0.008) versus RAMP (184.4 ± 7.9 b/min). Peak VO2 (L/min) was lower (p < 0.001) in response to SIT (2.43 ± 0.82 L/min) compared to RAMP (2.84 ± 0.82 L/min). Hemodynamic variables increased linearly across SIT bouts and remained significantly elevated in recovery. Sprint interval training consisting of 3 min of supramaximal exercise elicits similar CO yet lower VO2 compared to RAMP.
Pharmacokinetic Investigation of Imatinib Using Accelerator Mass Spectrometry in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the potential use of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) in the study of the clinical pharmacology of imatinib. Experimental Design: Six patients who were receiving imatinib (400 mg/d) as part of their ongoing treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) received a dose containing a trace quantity (13.6 kBq) of 14C-imatinib. Blood samples were collected from patients before and at various times up to 72 h after administration of the test dose and were processed to provide samples of plasma and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Samples were analyzed by AMS, with chromatographic separation of parent compound from metabolites. In addition, plasma samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LCMS). Results: Analysis of the AMS data indicated that imatinib was rapidly absorbed and could be detected in plasma up to 72 h after administration. Imatinib was also detectable in PBL at 24 h after administration of the 14C-labeled dose. Comparison of plasma concentrations determined by AMS with those derived by LCMS analysis gave similar average estimates of area under plasma concentration time curve (26 ± 3 versus 27 ± 11 μg/mL·h), but with some variation within each individual. Conclusions: Using this technique, data were obtained in a small number of patients on the pharmacokinetics of a single dose of imatinib in the context of chronic dosing, which could shed light on possible pharmacologic causes of resistance to imatinib in CML.
Role of TGF-ß in Mesangial Matrix Accumulation in Chronic Progressive Glomerular Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lesions of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) are a pathological hallmark of progressive glomerular injury.Glomerulosclerosis frequently complicates most renal diseases, and is characterized by the collapse of the glomerular tuft with the accumulation of mesangial matrix.Transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) is a key regulator of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein synthesis in renal cells.TGF-ß is secreted as latent complexes, which are stored in the ECM to provide stability to the active molecule and a readily activable source of it (Lawrence 2001).Overexpression of active TGF-ß1 in transgenic mice causes mesangial expansion and thickened capillary loops in the glomeruli (Kopp et al. 1996), while monoclonal antibody to TGF-ß reduces the glomerulosclerosis in experimental proliferative glomerulonephritis (GN) (Yu et al. 2004) and diabetic nephropathy (Benigni et al. 2003;Ziyadeh et al. 2000).Cultured mesangial cells secrete TGF-ß and ECM proteins in response to various fibrogenic stimuli (Kim et al. 2001;Lee et al. 2004; Lee and Song 2009a;Ziyadeh et al. 1994Ziyadeh et al. , 1998)).In chronic mesangial diseases, such as IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and diabetic nephropathy, TGF-ß1 mRNA expression by mesangial cells is increased, yet mesangial immunostaining for active TGF-ß1 is frequently negative (Kim et al. 2002;Stein-Oakley et al. 1997;Wahab et al. 2005).Only podocytes covering the sclerotic segments exhibit increased expression of TGF-ß1 protein (Kim et al. 2002;Wahab et al. 2005).These findings suggest that mesangial cells secrete latent TGF-ß in chronic mesangial disease, which may be localized to the podocyte surface to be activated (Lee and Song 2009b).Podocytes are the target of injury in most glomerular diseases.Expression of TGF-ß mRNA and/or protein by podocytes is increased in progressive podocyte diseases, such as primary FSGS, membranous nephropathy, Alport syndrome and Denys-Drash syndrome (
Progressive fluid removal can avoid electrolyte disorders in severely burned patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Extensive burn injury has systemic consequences due to capillary leak. After restoration of cellular integrity, infused fluid volume has to be removed partially. This can provoke electrolyte disorders. Purpose: We investigated the effect of progressive fluid removal on serum sodium level. Method: Retrospective study. Patients admitted to a burn unit were analyzed and separated in two groups without (Group A) or with (Group B) prolonged hypernatremia. Daily infusion-diuresis-ratio (IDR) was analyzed. Results: Fourty (12 female; 28 male) patients with a mean age of 47±19 years, a total burn surface area (TBSA) of 26±12%, and a mean abbreviated burned severity index (ABSI) score of 7.3±2 were included. In Group A 25 patients with a mean age of 47±18 years, a mean TBSA of 23±11%, and a mean ABSI score of 6.9±2.1 were summarized. In Group B 15 patients with a mean age of 47±22 years, a mean TBSA of 30±13%, and a mean ABSI score of 8.1±1.7 were included. Hypernatremia occurred on day 5±1.4. There was no significant difference between both groups for fluid resuscitation amount within the first 24 hours. Statistical analysis of the first 7 days after burn injury showed a significantly higher percentage of removed fluid in Group B for day 3, day 4, day 5, day 6 and day 7. Conclusions: Amount and velocity of fluid removal regimen after burn injury can provoke electrolyte disorders. Serum sodium concentration can be used to calculate need of fluid resuscitation for fluid maintenance. There is a need of an established fluid removal strategy.
Reply : Correlation between preoperative refraction and other variables

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Based on a scale of 1 to 4, a large number of our patients had grade 2 or grade 3 nuclear sclerosis, with a definite myopic shift in the preoperative refraction. Any correlation between the preoperative refraction and the reviewed parameters would have yielded erroneous and skewed results, and we elected not to include this in the study.
The Prospects for Democracy in Iraq: challenges and opportunities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There are many challenges to the development of democracy in Iraq: the many decades of authoritarian rule; ethno-sectarian divisions; lack of security; and the hegemony of the state over the national economy. But the right policies could transform these challenges into opportunities. Opinion makers should strive to resurrect into the collective memory of Iraqis the relatively liberal political practices of the 1921 – 58 period. Federal arrangements should bridge the ethno-sectarian divide, and an economy that shifts radically to the private sector should lessen middle class dependence on the state, thereby further eroding the centralisation of state power. The mushrooming of liberal and civil society institutions since April 2003 is an encouraging development.
A Study on the Menstruation of Adolescent Girls: A School Base Study in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Menstruation is a normal physiological process occurring every month throughout the reproductive age of the females. However, significant variation in menstrual pattern is observed among adolescents. Aim of the Study: The aim of the study was to explore the pattern of menstruation and problems among school-going adolescents in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out among 250 adolescent school girls in Dhaka from June 3rd 2022 to September 2nd 2022. Prior permission was obtained from the Principal of the school and informed consent was taken from the legal guardians of the girls. The selected women were explained about the protocol and the purpose of the study and were requested to complete the questionnaires to elicit information relating to demographic features, menarche age, and menstrual characteristics. Result: The distribution of menstrual disorders of the study populations where most of the 78.4% of girls faced dysmenorrhea, 7.6% of girls had menorrhagia, 6% had irregular menses, 5.2% of girls had polymenorrhoea and 2.8% girls had no disorders. Conclusion: Menstrual problems are frequent among adolescent girls. Dysmenorrhoea was the commonest problem among the adolescent girls. Educating student about menstrual health by health care professionals and teachers can help in reducing their psychological and physical stress.