jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The alien Black-and-yellow Mud Dauber, Sceliphron caementarium (Drury, 1773) (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae), continues its spread:&nbsp;new citizen-science records from Eastern Europe and the Balkans

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Nearctic Sceliphron caementarium (Drury, 1773) is widely distributed in the Western Palearctic and is spreading to new territories. Despite the large quantities of data on citizen-science platforms, these records have been mostly overlooked. In this publication, the first records of S. caementarium from six Eastern European and Balkan countries (Albania, Greece, Montenegro, Poland, Serbia, and Slovakia) are presented. Data derived from online citizen-science observations and museum specimens supplement our knowledge of this species&rsquo; range. The distribution of this species in Europe and possible ecological implications are discussed.
Photoredox-Catalyzed Three-Component Sulfonaminoalkynylation of Alkenes via a Radial/Polar Crossover

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We report a photoredox-catalyzed three-component sulfonaminoalkynylation of alkenes with N-aminopyridine salts and potassium alkynyltrifluoroborate salts. This aminoalkylation reaction underwent a radial/polar crossover mechanism, which was distinguished from the previous reports. A variety of β-alkynylated sulfonamides were obtained in moderate to excellent yields. The versatility of this method was further evidenced by its successful application in modifying biological molecules in advanced stages of development.
Repairing trust and reducing distrust: Same, same or different?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the past decade the world has faced a number of events and crises that have challenged public trust in organisations and institutions.In Australia, we have been exposed to the proceedings of seemingly-endless Royal Commissions into the misconduct of our religious institutions, financial organisations and most recently the aged care sector as well as the ongoing instability in our federal politics which has resulted in a number of industry-led studies reporting record-low levels of public trust (Deloitte, 2018; Edelman, 2019; 2018). However, while crisis management is a well-established field within public relations literature,traditionally studies have focussed on achieving outcomes such as repairing an organisation’s reputation (Coombs, 2007), image (Benoit, 1997) or restoring legitimacy (Allen &amp; Caillouet, 1994). In comparison, efforts to explore trust repair have been limited(see, e.g., Fuoli,van de Weijer &amp; Paradis, 2017). As reiterated by Xu (2019)investigating how organisations can rebuild their relationships with publics during and after crises continues to be a key gap in the public relations literature.
Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Cells as Cellular Delivery Vehicles for Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have shown tropism towards primary tumors or metastases and are thus potential vehicles for targeting tumor therapy. However, the source of adult EPCs is limited, which highlights the need for a consistent and renewable source of endothelial cells for clinical applications. Here, we investigated the potential of human embryonic stem cell-derived endothelial cells (hESC-ECs) as cellular delivery vehicles for therapy of metastatic breast cancer. In order to provide an initial assessment of the therapeutic potency of hESC-ECs, we treated human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells with hESC-EC conditioned medium (EC-CM) in vitro. The results showed that hESC-ECs could suppress the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and thereby inhibit the proliferation and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. To track and evaluate the possibility of hESC-EC-employed therapy, we employed the bioluminescence imaging (BLI) technology. To study the therapeutic potential of hESC-ECs, we established lung metastasis models by intravenous injection of MDA-MB-231 cells labeled with firefly luciferase (Fluc) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) to NOD/SCID mice. In mice with lung metastases, we injected hESC-ECs armed with herpes simplex virus truncated thymidine kinase (HSV-ttk) intravenously on days 11, 16, 21, and 26 after MDA-MB-231 cell injection. The NOD/SCID mice were subsequently treated with ganciclovir (GCV), and the growth status of tumor was monitored by Fluc imaging. We found that MDA-MB-231 tumors were significantly inhibited by intravenously injected hESC-ECs. The tumor-suppressive effects of the hESC-ECs, by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and inducing tumor cell death through bystander effect in human metastatic breast cancer model, provide previously unexplored therapeutic modalities for cancer treatment.
Adultness in children's literature: toward the awareness of adults' presence in children's literature

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study focuses on the notion that adults’ response to children’s literature is profoundly different from that of children, and aims to identify a pattern in texts by which adults’ response can be systematically explained. The study suggests that adults respond to certain elements in the text that resonate with their assumptions about children’s literature. On this basis, the concept of adultness is introduced to refer to these textual elements, and the way in which they can be identified in the narrative is investigated. This study concentrates on literary books, mostly published after 1960, since the issues discussed are more directly relevant to literary works than to popular fiction or classic children’s literature.\n\nBrief surveys of historical development of children’s literature and changes in the social perceptions about the relationships between adults and children are undertaken in order to understand the backgrounds of adults’ assumptions about children’s literature. Discussions about adults’ perceptions of children’s literature today are also reviewed.\n\nTexts from a wide range of children’s literature are examined within the theoretical framework of narratology with a particular reference to the functions of the narrator. The examination has identified two types of adultness: direct adultness which is largely related to adults’ ideas about childhood, and indirect adultness which is related to adults’ interest in what may be relevant to the child readers of the book. The third type of adultness is termed as Haddon’s ring, which refers to the textual features that are used by authors to keep the narrative safe for child readers. It can be used without losing the narrative integrity or it can be used to manipulate the narrative development.\n\nThe study concludes that adults’ response could be explained by referring to the three types of adultness. Adultness can be broadly understood in terms of the textual signs that indicate the presence of the mutual understanding between the author and the adult reader on what has been left out from the text and why the author has held it back.
Untapped Potential of Home Health Care Innovations to Improve Outcomes With Bundled Payment Initiatives

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A rapidly changing health care payment system creates opportunities for optimizing home health and home-based care for patients needing cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Home health agencies are poised to play a significant role in episode payment models in the context of post–acute care for patients with cardiovascular conditions. As the Medicare program expands its episode payment models to include patients with cardiovascular conditions, hospitals and other health care stakeholders that will be engaged in these bundled payment arrangements should consider use of home health care in the delivery of CR as a bridge to outpatient therapy and patient self-management.
Molecular analysis of the INCENPs (inner centromere proteins): separate domains are required for association with microtubules during interphase and with the central spindle during anaphase.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

It has recently been proposed that mitotic chromosomes transport certain cytoskeletal proteins to the metaphase plate so that these proteins are able to subsequently participate in the assembly of the anaphase spindle and the cleavage furrow. To understand how such proteins accomplish their dual chromosomal: cytoskeletal role, we have begun a molecular and functional analysis of the inner centromere proteins (INCENPs), founder members of the class of "chromosome passenger proteins". cDNA clones encoding the open reading frames of the two chicken INCENPs were recovered. The predicted proteins, class I INCENP (96,357 D) and class II INCENP (100,931 D) are novel, and differ from each other by the inclusion of a 38-codon insert within the class II coding region. Transient expression of the chicken INCENPs in mammalian cells confirms that the signals and structures required for the transfer of these proteins from chromosomes to cytoskeleton are evolutionarily conserved. Furthermore, these studies reveal that INCENP association with the cytoskeleton is complex. The amino-terminal 42-amino acid residues are required for transfer of the INCENPs from the chromosomes to the mitotic spindle at anaphase, but not for binding of INCENPs to cytoplasmic microtubules. In contrast, an internal 200 amino acid coiled-coil domain was required for association with microtubules, but dispensable for spindle association. These experiments suggest that proteins required for assembly of specialized cytoskeletal structures during mitosis from anaphase onwards might be sequestered in the nucleus throughout interphase to keep them from disrupting the interphase cytoskeleton, and to ensure their correct positioning during mitosis.
Genetic controls of DNA damage avoidance in response to acetaldehyde in fission yeast

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Acetaldehyde, a primary metabolite of alcohol, forms DNA adducts and disrupts the DNA replication process, causing genomic instability, a hallmark of cancer. Indeed, chronic alcohol consumption accounts for approximately 3.6% of all cancers worldwide. However, how the adducts are prevented and repaired after acetaldehyde exposure is not well understood. In this report, we used the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe as a model organism to comprehensively understand the genetic controls of DNA damage avoidance in response to acetaldehyde. We demonstrate that Atd1 functions as a major acetaldehyde detoxification enzyme that prevents accumulation of Rad52-DNA repair foci, while Atd2 and Atd3 have minor roles in acetaldehyde detoxification. We found that acetaldehyde causes DNA damage at the replication fork and activates the cell cycle checkpoint to coordinate cell cycle arrest with DNA repair. Our investigation suggests that acetaldehyde-mediated DNA adducts include interstrand-crosslinks and DNA-protein crosslinks. We also demonstrate that acetaldehyde activates multiple DNA repair pathways. Nucleotide excision repair and homologous recombination, which are both epistatically linked to the Fanconi anemia pathway, have major roles in acetaldehyde tolerance, while base excision repair and translesion synthesis also contribute to the prevention of acetaldehyde-dependent genomic instability. We also show the involvement of Wss1-related metalloproteases, Wss1 and Wss2, in acetaldehyde tolerance. These results indicate that acetaldehyde causes cellular stresses that require cells to coordinate multiple cellular processes in order to prevent genomic instability. Considering that acetaldehyde is a human carcinogen, our genetic studies serve as a guiding investigation into the mechanisms of acetaldehyde-dependent genomic instability and carcinogenesis.
Number subliminally primes area judgments: Novel evidence for a general magnitude system in human adults

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Although researchers agree that number and other magnitudes are represented in analog format, there is disagreement about whether these representations form part of an integrated system, the so-called 'general magnitude system' (Walsh, 2003). Here we used a subliminal priming paradigm to test for interactions between different magnitudes (number and area) when one magnitude (number) was not consciously detectable. On each trial, participants were presented with a pair of black and white Arabic digits as subliminal primes (e.g., white 4 and black 8). Each digit pair was presented for a short duration (43 ms) and sandwiched between two masks, preventing conscious detection. Participants were then presented with target displays of black and white two-dimensional shapes (lasting 200 ms), and tasked with judging which array was larger in cumulative surface area (Experiment 1). We found significant congruity effects. That is, participants were both more accurate and faster on trials in which the mapping between color and relative number for the Arabic digits matched the mapping between color and relative surface area in the non-symbolic arrays (e.g., a prime display with a white 4 and a black 8 followed by a target display with smaller white surface area and larger black surface area) than when there was a mismatch (white 4 and black 8 followed by large white area and small black area; ps < .01). These findings suggest direct connections, or overlap, between representations of number and area, and because the primes were subliminal, mediation by common verbal labels was not a viable alternative explanation. Moreover, in a subsequent experiment (Experiment 2), we ruled out an alternative account that would explain congruity in terms of post-representational (i.e., decision) effects. Taken together, these experiments provide unique support for a general magnitude system that integrates numerical and non-numerical magnitudes Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2016
Concerns of University Students Regarding COVID-19 Lockdown: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey in Karachi, Pakistan.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aim: To assess the concerns of university students regarding COVID-19 lockdown. Methods: A Cross-Sectional online survey was conducted among student population living in different socio-economical areas of Karachi. Information was gathered on their age, gender, education level, occupation status, area of residence, and knowledge about lockdown due to Covid-19. These variables were examined according to the socio-economic status of the area where students reside. Results: A total of 200 subjects above 20 years were interviewed out of which data was analyzed for 160 subjects. The majority of students were between the ages of 20-25 years, females, Muslims, and unemployed. According to 86.9% of students COVID-19 can be prevented by avoiding contact and almost 74.4% students were in favor of lockdown further 37.5% students wanted no gaps between lockdowns. In this study, 31.3% spent time using phones while 15% spent time reading while 22% of the students spent their time in physical activity. Almost 66.3% of students did not develop any psychological problems. About 77.5% did not face any financial problems. Conclusion: Most of the respondents were in favor of lockdown as COVID-19 spread can be prevented by avoiding contact. Study highlighted COVID-19 lockdown had no effect on mental health of the respondents. This study will help in creating awareness regarding lockdown. It will enlighten new arenas for public health experts and stakeholders to develop new strategies, and interventions and predict a preparedness program plan for future Pandemic. Keywords: Covid-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Lockdown, Karachi
Radiological diagnosis of recurrent colonic carcinoma at the anastomosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The barium enemas of 23 cases of end-to-end anastomosis following resection of a colonic carcinoma demonstrated that the normal anastomosis should be smooth, symmetrical, and have a regular mucosal pattern. In contrast the three patients reported with proven recurrent carcinoma at the anastomosis showed irregular asymmetrical filling defects1. As a base line the anastomosis should be investigated with a limited double-contrast enema examination six weeks after operation. Earlier examinations may show irregularity due to incomplete healing.
Features and Effects of Intellectual Property Rights in Internationalization

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Intangible assets facilitate successful international growth and, likewise, new value can be created through internationalization as it supports creating and utilizing such assets. Independent of whether the innovative creations are input or output, in order to preserve the benefits, awareness of the threat of imitation is needed. Departing from prior studies concentrating on patenting and copy-prevention, or taking the relationship between intellectual property right (IPR) protection and internationalization as given premises, this study addresses the features and effects of IPRs in internationalization from a more strategic perspective. Analysis of data from 299 companies provides empirical evidence.
Numerical solution of reinforced concrete beam using Newton-Raphson method with adaptive descent

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

W pracy przedstawiono rozwiązanie numeryczne belki żelbetowej. Modelowanie przeprowadzonoz wykorzystaniem zasad Metody Elementów Skończonych (MES). W celu zweryfikowania modeli materiałowych: betonu i stali zbrojeniowej, porównano otrzymane wyniki obliczeń numerycznychmetodą Newtona-Raphsona ze spadkiem adaptacyjnym, z wynikami doświadczalnymi. Symulacje mogą pomóc w obniżeniu kosztów badań doświadczalnych poprzez efektywniejsze planowanie eksperymentów.Możliwe jest rozwiązanie złożonych problemów zachowania konstrukcyjnych elementów żelbetowych w zakresie odkształceń liniowo-sprężystych i nieliniowych aż do zniszczenia.[b]Słowa kluczowe[/b]: mechanika konstrukcji betonowych, metoda elementów skończonych, belka żelbetowa,spadek adaptacyjny
Influence of sprinkler irrigation droplet diameter, application intensity and specific power on flower damage

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To determine the main parameters of droplet strike damage and avoid flower injury due to the unsuitable practices during sprinkler irrigation, an indoor experiment of irrigation droplet impact on cyclamen was conducted. The influences of different parameters such as droplet diameter, application intensity, specific power on flower strike damage was analyzed using Image Pro-Plus software to compute strike damage area and define damage level by sense-analysis. The results showed that a damage area of <1% represents a safe irrigation level, 1%–3% slight damage level, 3%–6% moderate damage level, and>6% heavy damage level. Equations of application intensity, specific power with sprinkler irrigation time and flower injury ratio were regressed against parameters which cause impact damages. The results indicated that specific power has a significant correlation with injury, and flower damage area increased as the increasing of the value of specific power for the same irrigation time. Application intensity was also correlated with injury when the droplet diameter was larger than 1 mm. When the duration of sprinkler irrigation was 1, 5 and 10 min, the threshold of impinging damage of application intensity was 25.30, 5.01 and 1.64 mm·h−1 and the specific power was 0.467×10−3, 9.340×10−3 and 3.110×10−3 W·m−2. These results provide a reference for determining the suitable values of sprinkler properties in operation design.
Sequence variants of human papillomavirus type 16 in clinical samples permit verification and extension of epidemiological studies and construction of a phylogenetic tree

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Genomic variability between different viral isolates provides a powerful epidemiological tool for verifying ultrasensitive diagnostic procedures, understanding infectious pathways in individuals and human populations, and studying viral evolution. The potential of this approach has not yet been exploited for the diagnosis of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) like HPV type 16 (HPV-16), which are involved in genital cancer. Toward this end, we amplified by polymerase chain reaction, cloned, and sequenced a 364-bp noncoding segment of the HPV-16 genome from cell lines, cervical biopsy specimens, and cervical smears. The HPV-16 genomes in the cell lines SiHa and CaSki showed an identical point mutation, and in the SiHa cell line it had an additional 38-bp deletion. Only 4 of 22 cervical lesions biopsied from patients at several hospitals in Singapore contained HPV-16 DNA with the prototype sequence, while the DNAs of the other 18 cervical lesions differed by 1 to 10 mutations. This excludes contaminations with cloned HPV-16 DNA as the source of this DNA. To test whether this diversity was a geographic idiosyncrasy, we analyzed 25 cervical biopsy specimens from Brazil. Eight of these contained the prototype sequence, while 17 were mutated. Altogether, 11 genomic variants were found in the Singaporean samples and 12 genomic variants were found in the Brazilian samples, and only 5 of these occurred identically in both cohorts. All variants could be connected to form a phylogenetic tree, with some branches being specific for each cohort. This suggests that the variants did not originate over a short period in the individual patient but, rather, evolved consecutively while spreading throughout humankind.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Impact of reconstructive procedures with and without preserving the duodenal passage on body weight in patients after total gastrectomy for gastric cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction/Objective. The ideal reconstruction procedure after total gastrectomy should replace all lost functions of the stomach. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of preserving the duodenal passage in subsequent improvement of body weight (BW) and body mass index (BMI) in patients with gastric cancer after total gastrectomy. Methods. A total of 30 patients with gastric cancer were prospectively randomly divided into a group of reconstruction with double-tract (n = 15) and a group of reconstruction with simple Roux-en-Y after total gastrectomy. They were stratified by sex, age, their anthropometric measurements (BW, BMI), primary tumor localization, Lauren?s classification, TNM stage classification, length of hospital stay, operation duration, postoperative complications, and mortality. Postoperatively, BW and BMI were measured at three, six, and 12 months and compared between the two groups. Results. The clinical group of double-tract patients had significantly higher the values of BW in the postoperative period after six (66.6 ? 4.9 vs. 61.7 ? 7.6; p < 0.05 paired Student?s t-test) and after 12 months (67.0 ? 4.9 vs. 62.3 ? 7.2; p < 0.05 paired Student?s t-test) compared to the group of Roux-en-Y patients. On the other hand, the clinical group of double-tract patients also had significantly higher the values of BMI in postoperative period after 12 months (23.6 ? 1.1 vs. 22.5 ? 1.6; p < 0.05 paired Student?s t-test) in relation to the Roux-en-Y group of patients. Conclusion. Reconstruction procedure carried out after total gastrectomy which implies preserving the duodenal passage has significant increase of BW and BMI, compared to reconstruction procedure without the preservation of the duodenal passage.