jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Effects on Mineral Metabolism of Overnight Growth Hormone Infusion in Growth Hormone Deficiency*

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To determine whether alterations in mineral handling induced by acute GH infusion were associated with changes n i vitamin D metabolism or parathyroid function, we studied 11 GH-deficient patients. Basal serum calcium, phosphorus, glucose, insulin, and somatomedin were measured in the fasting state, as were the vitamin D metabolites 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone. Basal urinary calcium and phosphorus excretion and the calciuric response to an oral calcium load also were determined. These studies were repeated 4 weeks later during an overnight GH infusion (8 μg/kg-h), which raised mean (and SEM) serum GH levels to 46 ± 7 ng/ml. During GH infusion there were no changes in serum calcium or phosphorus, but plasma glucose (from 81 ± 3 to 87 ± 3 mg/dl), insulin (from 13 ± 1.7 to 25 ± 2.6 μU/ml), and somatomedin (from 0.63 ± 0.15 to 1.1 ± 0.3 U/ml) levels rose significantly relative to preinfusion values. Basal and postload urinary calcium excretion rose, but the increases were not significant. In contrast, GH had a significant antiphosphaturic effect, the renal phosphorus reabsorption threshold rising from 4.17 ± 0.17 before the infusion to 4.94 ± 0.13 mg/dl after the infusion (P < 0.002). Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone rose slightly from 342 ± 104 to 440 ± 78 pg/dl, but there were virtually no changes i n 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, or 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. We conclude that overnight GH infusions sufficient to raise plasma GH levels above the physiological range can modify renal handling of minerals without affecting parathyroid function or vitamin D metabolism. While the way in which GH exerts these effects remains unknown, it is of interest that in our subjects, the renal phosphorus reabsorption threshold (but not urinary calcium excretion) correlated significantly with somatomedin (r = 0.61; P < 0.01) and insulin (r = 0.048; P < 0.05) concentrations, suggesting that the antiphosphaturia after GH administration might be effected through one or more of these related peptides.
Application of Fe2O3−Al2O3 Composite Particles as Solid Looping Material of the Chemical-Loop Combustor

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Fe2O3−Al2O3 composite particles were synthesized by changing the sintering temperature in the range of 800−1370 °C under the conditions that the content of Fe2O3 and the sintering time were given as 25 wt % and 10 h, respectively, and their applicability as a solid looping material of the chemical-loop combustor was discussed. Two solid solutions, Fe2O3(rich)−Al2O3 (hematite(ss)) and Fe2O3−Al2O3(rich) (corundum(ss)), were formed at 1000 and 1250 °C, respectively, and the formation of these solid solutions was promoted by increasing the sintering temperature. Reduction tests of Fe2O3−Al2O3 composite particles sintered in the temperature range of 1200−1370 °C were carried out by the pulse injection technique using hydrogen gas. In the low reduction range below 10%, Fe2O3 in hematite(ss) was reduced to Fe3O4, and that in corundum(ss) was not changed. Corundum(ss) is not useful for the reduction operation of the chemical-loop combustor. However, the mechanical strength of particles was improved by increasing the content of corundum(ss), which plays a role as binder between Fe2O3 and Al2O3 grains. For maintaining the durability and reactivity of particles, Fe2O3−Al2O3 composite particles containing corundum(ss) to some extent, such as those sintered at 1320 °C, are suitable as a solid looping material of the chemical-loop combustor.
Education Opportunities and Support for Orphans and Vulnerable Children in Bagamoyo District Tanzania

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Education is a fundamental and universal basic need for all, especially orphans and vulnerable children in Tanzania. Education imparts knowledge, skills, and competencies to individuals. This study assessed educational opportunities and the support available to orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in Bagamoyo District to determine socioeconomic and psychological factors that limit access to education. Data were collected using in-depth interviews, non-participant observation and documentary review. The study involved 102 orphans and vulnerable children aged between 7 and 15 years and 35 adults key informants aged 25 years and above. The findings showed that OVC had access to free primary education but had limited access to secondary education. Access to education among OVC was constrained by limited and unreliable sources of funds to meet the necessary basic needs and school requirements including food, learning materials, school uniform, and fees. The findings show further that, OVC living in extended family experience more challenges compared to those staying in orphanage homes. OVC in the family and orphanage homes experience psychological challenges such as depression, loneliness, and stress. The study recommends that community programmes aimed at assisting orphans and vulnerable children should be strengthened to enable Orphanage homes and the extended family in taking care of orphans and vulnerable children. The relevant ministry (POR-LAG) should facilitate the availability of educational resources among orphans and vulnerable children to enable them to realise their educational goals.
Finestructure in the spectra of GaAlAs heterostructure lasers

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

An experimental setup allowing high resolution measurements to be performed on the emission lines of injection lasers is described. Axial and transverse mode laser structures can be observed as they change under dc input current variations and modulation signal influence. A resolution limit of 80 MHz is obtained. Results show a new finestructure ripple on the emission lines of GaAlAs heterostructure lasers which is distinct from the transverse mode structure. Axial mode amplitude limiting and simultaneous spectral widening are observed with increasing laser drive currents.
Reference “Self‐Propelled Sweeping Removal of Dropwise Condensate”

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The use of suitably textured superhydrophobic surfaces presenting roughness on both the nanoscopic and microscopic length scale has resulted in lateral self‐propelled removal of condensate drops, due to coalescence‐induced droplet jumping. Droplets are removed rapidly from the surface, which can result in up to an order of magnitude increase in heat transfer rates in applications such as refrigeration, air conditioning, heating, power generation, and more compared to conventional filmwise condensation. However, dropwise removal typically requires external forces such as gravity, which results in the requirement for out‐of‐plane orientations and the use of millimetric drop sizes, which limits its utility. In‐plane droplet jumping triggered by coalescence becomes possible however for superhydrophobic surfaces having roughness on two different scales: the microscopic, defined by combinations of lithography and etching of silicon, and the nanoscopic, due to coating of the silicon micropillars with aluminum, followed by a hydrothermal
Participation of chronic patients in medical consultations: patients' perceived efficacy, barriers and interest in support

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aims Chronic patients are increasingly expected to participate actively in medical consultations. This study examined (i) patients' perceived efficacy and barriers to participation in consultations, (ii) patients' interest in communication support and (iii) correlates of perceived efficacy and barriers, with an emphasis on differences across providers' disciplines. Methods A representative panel of chronic patients ( n = 1314) filled out the short P erceived E fficacy in P atient‐ P rovider I nteraction scale and were questioned about barriers to participation and interest in communication support. Potential correlates included socio‐demographic (age, sex, education, living situation), clinical (discipline care provider, type of illness, comorbidity, illness duration, functional disabilities, health consultations in last year) and personal characteristics (information preference, health literacy, level of general patient activation). Results Most patients felt efficacious in consultations, although 46% reported barriers to participation and 39% had an interest in support. Barriers most frequently recognized were ‘not wanting to be bothersome’, ‘perception there is too little time’ and ‘remembering subjects only afterwards’. Patients most frequently endorsed relatively simple support. Patients perceived the least barriers and were least likely to endorse support when seeing a nurse. In multivariate models, consistent risk factors for low efficacy and perceived barriers were low health literacy and a low general patient activation. Conclusions Many chronically ill patients feel confident in medical interactions. Still, a significant number might benefit from support. Often this concerned more generally vulnerable patients, that is, the low literate and generally less activated. Relatively simple supportive interventions are likely to be endorsed and might overcome frequent barriers.
eLife Assessment: Disruption of WSB2-mediated NOXA Degradation Induces Synthetic Lethality to Anti-apoptotic BCL-2 Family Protein Inhibitors

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins are frequently overexpressed in various cancers, contributing to the initiation and development of cancer, as well as intrinsic or acquired resistance to therapy. Although BCL-2 family protein inhibitors, such as Venetoclax, have demonstrated efficacy in hematological neoplasms, their effectiveness as single agents in solid tumors is limited. Identifying alternative molecular targets that can overcome intrinsic resistance to BCL-2 family protein inhibitors is of great clinical importance. Here, we present evidence of strong synthetic lethal interactions between WSB2, a relatively unexplored substrate-binding receptor of the Cullin 5-RBX2-Elongin B/C (CRL5) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, and multiple anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins. Mechanistically, an assembled CRL5WSB2 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex targets NOXA, a pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family protein, for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway. Ablation of WSB2 leads to a remarkable accumulation of NOXA proteins in cultured cell lines and knockout mouse organs. While WSB2 deficiency alone has a minimal effect on spontaneous apoptosis, it renders cancer cells more susceptible to apoptosis when anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins are genetically depleted or pharmacologically inhibited. These findings establish WSB2 as a critical regulator of mitochondrial apoptosis and highlight the dysregulation of the WSB2-NOXA regulatory axis as a contributing factor to apoptosis resistance in cancer cells. Synergistically targeting WSB2 and anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins holds promising clinical potential in the treatment of human cancers.
Rice (Oryza satiava) straw mulch, irrigation and nitrogen effects on productivity and nitrogen-use efficiency of Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) in subtropical environment

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A 2-years (2015 and 2016) field study was carried out at Ludhiana, Punjab, to examine the combined effects of residue mulch, irrigation frequency and nitrogen levels on productivity and nitrogen-use efficiency of Bt cotton (Gossypium hersutum L.) in a subtropical environment.
Introduction to Intracellular Protein Degradation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTIntroduction to Intracellular Protein DegradationMark Hochstrasser*View Author Information Yale University, Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8114* Phone: (203) 432-5101. Fax: (203) 432-5158. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2009, 109, 4, 1479–1480Publication Date (Web):March 2, 2009Publication History Received11 February 2009Published online2 March 2009Published inissue 8 April 2009https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr900054thttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr900054teditorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2009 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views5719Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (121 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Degradation,Membranes,Peptides and proteins,Proteolysis,Structural dynamics Get e-Alerts
[Treatment of arrhythmia by intracardiac electrocoagulation].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Since July 1982, 12 patients have undergone catheter ablation for refractory arrhythmias. The ablated pathway was the His bundle in 8 patients, an accessory pathway in 3 patients and a ventricular reentrant circuit in 1 patient. The 8 patients in whom the His bundle was ablated comprised 3 cases of atrial flutter, 3 cases of atrial fibrillation, 1 case of atrio-ventricular tachycardia and 1 case of junctional reentrant tachycardia. Results were complete heart block in 6 of these cases, right bundle branch block and first degree a-v block in 1 case and first degree a-v block in the last case. A pacemaker was implanted in 7 patients. The total amount of energy used varied from 50 to 400 joules. In none of these 3 patients did tachyarrhythmia recur. The 3 cases with ablation of the accessory pathway comprised one success, one partial success and one failure. The energy used was 60 to 100 joules. The patient treated for ventricular tachycardia has had no new episodes of tachycardia 4 months after the procedure. The energy used was 200 joules. The mean follow-up for the 12 patients is 12 +/- 7 months. Apart from 2 episodes of thrombophlebitis, no serious complication was noted. Catheter ablation technique is a new and effective treatment for refractory supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Concerning ventricular arrhythmias, our experience is not sufficient to allow conclusions to be drawn.
Fruit production and polyphenol content of salal (Gaultheria shallonPursh), a potential new fruit for northern maritime regions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Introduction. Cool growing seasons, high rainfall, wind and reduced sunshine challenge fruit production in northern maritime regions. Salal (Gaultheria shallon Pursh) originates from the Pacific Northwest of North America and our research investigated its fruit production and chemical composition in Orkney, north of mainland Scotland. Materials and methods. Fruit production from a 20-plant row was recorded over 3 seasons and fruits were analysed for total polyphenol, anthocyanin content (TPC and TAC) and antioxidant capacity (FRAP). Results and discussion. Fruiting occurred from August to October. Although 16−18 pickings were required to harvest the entire crop, about 75% was picked over 4 weeks when maximum production occurred. Annual production varied from 0.7 to 2.3 kg m-1 of row, indicating potential yields of 2.7 to 9.1 t ha-1 at 10 years for hedgerows 2.5 m apart. In 2014, average fruit weight, height and diameter ranged from 467 to 680 mg, 9.9 to 10.5 mm and 9.2 to 10.2 mm, respectively. The maximum picking rate was about 1.0 kg h-1 but was constrained by poor synchronisation of fruit ripening. Variations between years in fruit TPC (658−968 mg 100 g-1 fw) were reflected in variations in TAC (121−219 mg 100 g-1 fw) and FRAP (63,048−100,815 ¯M Fe 100 g-1 fw). TPC and TAC values were similar to those for blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) varieties. Conclusion. Salal grew well in Orkney’s maritime environment and fruited reliably. This fruit has potential for novel food and drink, but commercialisation will require improved selections, notably for ease of harvest.
Gender differences in the dispersal of children in northern Sweden and the northern USA in 1850

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the course of time families disperse and kin relationships change. In this study gender differences in spatial dispersion of adult children from their fathers were investigated in two areas of the world in 1850: the Skellefteå region in northern Sweden and the northern part of the USA, both largely rural populations. The results from the Skellefteå region where data on both genders were available were used to estimate gender differences among a native born population in the northern USA where women were often not followed in the sources after marriage. Most adult children resided in the same place as their fathers, but the distances separating relatives were greater in the USA. However, the proportion of adult sons living in the same locality as their fathers was the same in both. More daughters than sons were located elsewhere in Skellefteå and probably also in the USA. Although sisters in Skellefteå joined each other in places separate from their parents, men lived in patrilineal clusters to a greater extent than women due, in part, to patrilineal inheritance and virilocal marriages. Various reasons for these patterns are discussed and their implications for kin networks discussed.
DEVS/SOA: A Cross-Platform Framework for Net-centric Modeling and Simulation in DEVS Unified Process

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Discrete Event Specification (DEVS) environments are implemented over middleware systems such as HLA, RMI, CORBA and others. DEVS exhibits concepts of systems theory and modeling and supports capturing the system behavior from the physical and behavioral perspectives. Further, they are implemented using object-oriented languages like Java and C++. This research work uses the Java platform to implement DEVS over a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) framework. Called the DEVS/SOA, the framework supports a development and testing environment known as DEVS Unified Process that is built on a model continuity-based lifecycle methodology. DEVS Unified Process allows DEVS-based Modeling and Simulation (M&S) over net-centric platforms using DEVS/SOA. This framework also provides the crucial feature of run-time composability of coupled systems using SOA. We describe the architecture and designs of the server and the client. The client application communicates with multiple servers hosting DEVS simulation services. These simulation services are developed using the proposed symmetrical services architecture wherein the server can act as both a service provider and a service consumer contrary to the unidirectional client—server paradigm. We also discuss how this services-based architecture provides solutions for cross-platform distributed M&S. We demonstrate the DEVS/SOA framework with a scenario of Joint Close Air Support specified in Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN). We also provide a real-world application of network health monitoring using DEVS/SOA-layered architectural framework.
Self-Concept and Perception of School Atmosphere Among Urban Junior High School Students

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

During the past decade a great deal of emphasis has been placed on the importance of a positive self-concept. The research literature suggests a positive relationship between self-concept and numerous other variables such as academic achievement, achievement motivation, socio-economic status, drug abuse, and delinquency. The research is limited, however, on self-concept and one's perception of the school atmosphere, using a Black population. How a student perceives school will probably have some bearing on how well or how poorly he/she performs. Education is often viewed as a tool necessary for the preservation, productiveness, and progressiveness of a society. Because education is so important there is a need to determine as many motivating factors as possible that may enhance the learning experience. Such current problems as absenteeism, school drop-outs and push-outs should cause one to take a closer look at the school environment. Furthermore, it is felt that if the student has a positive image of self, that positive perception may be transferred to other situations, namely the school setting. Current empirical research on the relationship between selfconcept and the school environment is extremely limited. A review of some of the existing research follows. Reddy investigated the self-concept, school self-image, satisfaction, and involvement in an alternative high school.1 Forty males
Effects of polyvinylpyrrolidone on carbothermal reduction and nitridation of titanium nitride powder

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

AbstractTitanium nitride powders were synthesised via carbothermal reduction and nitridation of TiO2 non-hydrolytic gels using polyvinylpyrrolidone as the carbon source. Compared with solid carbon black as carbon resource, polyvinylpyrrolidone was dissolved in a mixture of absolute alcohol, titanium tetrachloride and dimethylformamide and can fully contact with the titanium source in the liquid–liquid mixture, which will contribute to increase the reaction and conversion rates of titanium nitride. The optimum parameters for polyvinylpyrrolidone molecular weight and C/Ti molar ratio were 1 300 000 and 12:1, respectively. The average grain size of Titanium nitride powders was 100 nm.
Genetic manipulation of rice: from protoplasts to transgenic plants.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Protoplasts are versatile tools for genetic manipulation of plant cells. The ability of genetically modified protoplasts to differentiate into complete plants offers novel experimental systems in various fields of plant biology. Among major graminaceous species (cereals), rice is the only one in which wellestablished protoplast system is available. By using protoplasts as an experimental system, we have obtained and characterized various mutations some of which are being used for breeding new varieties. Somatic hybrids of rice and wild Oryza species were generated and cytoplasmic male sterility of an indica rice was transferred to japonica rice by cell fusion. Most importantly, an efficient method of genetic transformation was developed which opened up a new area of research in rice. Variously modified genes can be now introduced and expressed in transgenic rice and various mutations were generated by introduced transposable elements, Ac/Ds. Initial attempts on genetic engineering of rice has also begun. These suggest that rice can be a model cereal in which genetic as well as reverse-genetic approaches can be taken for various basic and applied studies.