jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Spatial distribution and tectonic framework of fossil tubular concretions as onshore analogues of cold seep plumbing systems, North Island of New Zealand

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Analysis of offshore seismic lines suggests that a strong relationship exists between tectonic structures and fluid migration in accretionary prisms. However, only few field analogues of plumbing systems and their tectonic frameworks have been investigated in detail until now. The uplifted accretionary prism of the Hikurangi Margin (North Island, New Zealand) exposes early to late Miocene mudrocks in coastal cliffs of Cape Turnagain and in the Akitio syncline, south-east of the Pongaroa city. These outcrops display tubular carbonate concretions corresponding to complex subsurface plumbing networks of paleo-seeps within Miocene trench slope basins. We present here, new results on the spatial distribution of these tubular carbonate concretions, with particular attention to their relation to tectonic structures. In the Pongaroa area, tubular carbonate concretions in lower Miocene mudrocks occur along a N-S trend, while in middle Miocene strata they occur along a NNE-SSW direction. The N-S trend parallels a major fault zone ( i.e. the Breakdown fault zone), which separates two wide synclines, the Waihoki and the Akitio synclines. During the Early-Middle Miocene, the Breakdown fault zone controlled the evolution of the Akitio trench slope basin constituting its western edge. The NNE-SSW strike parallels the axis of the Akitio syncline and is also parallel to the present-day subduction front. Our results therefore show that tubular concretions are parallel to post-Middle Miocene second order folding and thrusting in the northeastern limb of the Akitio syncline. In the Cape Turnagain area, tubular concretions occur in the western limb of the Cape Turnagain syncline, in the footwall of the major seaward-verging Cape Turnagain fault. This suggests that fluid migrations may occur not only in the crests of anticlines, as observed offshore for present-day plumbing system of cold seeps, but also in the footwalls of thrust faults. All these observations show that the spatial distribution of tubular concretions is controlled by regional tectonic structures with paleo-fluid migrations related to major deformation episodes of the accretionary prism. Thus, we distinguish three episodes events that likely triggered fluid migration leading to the formation of the tubular concretions: (1) In the Early Miocene, shortly after the onset of development of the Akitio trench slope basin, on its inner (western) edge; (2) During the late Middle Miocene, during an extensional deformation episode on the western limb of the Akitio trench slope basin; (3) At the end of the Late Miocene, during a second major shortening period at the footwall of major thrust fault, such as in the Cape Turnagain area.
Kebebe: The Traditional Food in the Sub-District of Lenggong, Perak

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This is an investigative study on Kebebe which had been identified as one of the traditional foods in the sub-district of Lenggong in Hulu Perak. It addressed the need to get a better understanding on the food itself, its origin, the ingredients, the methods of preparation and cooking, and the manner in which it is served and consumed. It also looked into the level of knowledge the community members have on Kebebe. Information on the food is derived collectively from five experts and feedback from 46 respondents which comprised of youths and community members of varying age group were gathered to determine the extent of knowledge the community have on Kebebe. Results from the study indicated that there was quite a general consensus on the detail of the foodways, and generally the respondents had some knowledge on the ingredients, the methods of preparation and others. Overall, the study had been able to provide important information that could help in the preservation of Kebebe as a traditional food and a culinary heritage of the community of that area.
Telemicroscopy in Pathology Diagnosis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Telepathology, derived from the Greek words tele, or “far off,” and pathologia, literally, “study of the emotions,” is a branch of telemedicine in which information about tissue or body fluid samples obtained at one location is transmitted to a distant site for analysis. in its broadest sense, telepathology can be thought of as encompassing any form of remote information transfer about specimens harboring potential disease processes, including verbal communication via telephone. in a majority of cases, however, the term is used to describe interactions involving transmission of microscopic images, or telemicroscopy. Such transmission can occur through a wide variety of media; sharing of printed images is one venerable mechanism that persists in robust form to this day, facilitated and expedited by efficient express-mail systems. Increasingly, however, the terms telepathology and telemicroscopy have acquired the connotation of rapid electronic transmission of digitized images. Facsimile transmission of micrographs is a rudimentary version of this process, but most modern systems employ some form of digital camera attached to a microscope.
Joint Optimal Channel Assignment and Congestion Control for Multi-channel Wireless Mesh Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The aggregate capacity of wireless mesh networks can be increased by the use of multiple channels. Stationary wireless routers are equipped with multiple network interface cards (NICs). Each NIC is assigned with a distinct frequency channel. In this paper, we formulate the Joint Optimal Channel Assignment and Congestion Control (JOCAC) as a decentralized utility maximization problem with constraints that arise from the interference of the neighboring transmissions. Unlike other previous work, the JOCAC algorithm is able to assign not only the non-overlapping (orthogonal) channels, but also the partially-overlapping channels within the IEEE 802.11 frequency bands. Using 802.11b with 3 non-overlapping channels, simulation results show that our algorithm provides a higher aggregated goodput than the recently proposed load-aware algorithm by 20%. The goodput is further increased by 40% when all the 11 partially-overlapping channels are being used.
The Effects of Microstructure Refinement and Coincidence Site Lattice Boundaries on the Plasticity of FeCrAlY Alloys

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

FeCrAlY alloys are widely used as thin‐gauge catalyst carriers for automotive exhaust gas purification. However, they exhibit low ductility due to coarse Fe–Y phases in the alloys, which decreases the carrier yield. To improve the plasticity of the alloys, a novel method for fabricating FeCrAlY alloys using twin‐roll strip casting (TRSC) is proposed. It is found that the plasticity of the FeCrAlY alloy is significantly improved by TRSC compared to conventional ingot casting. Then, to understand the mechanism of plasticity improvement, the microstructures of the alloys are investigated. The Fe–Y phases and grains are significantly refined by TRSC due to its characteristics of subrapid solidification. In addition, the TRSC samples produce several low‐Σ coincidence site lattice (CSL) boundaries, and some of these CSL grain boundaries are inherited by the cold‐rolled sheets. The impact characteristic of steel liquid in the TRSC is the major reason for the formation of CSL grain boundaries. The finer microstructure and greater number of low‐Σ CSL boundaries in the TRSC samples result in strong resistance to fracture, which improves the plasticity of the FeCrAl alloys.
Traces of the Transscandinavian Igneous Belt in the central Scandinavian Caledonides: U-Pb zircon dating and geochemistry of crystalline basement rocks in the Middle Allochthon

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

AbstractBasement-slices are frequent components in the lower nappes of the central Scandinavian Caledonides. New geochronological and geochemical data provide evidence that three of these basement-slices in the Middle Allochthon are derived from the Transscandinavian Igneous Belt. Dated samples in this study comprise a quartz monzonite from the Stalon Nappe Complex and a quartz monzodiorite and a monzonite from the Ammarnäs Nappe Complex. A Ce/Yb-Ta/Yb-plot of the mafic rocks from the Ammarnäs Nappe Complex suggests a calc-alkaline to shoshonitic geochemical character. Low Ni- and Cr-contents and low Mg# indicate that the mafic rocks originated from an already evolved magma. Enrichment of Fe-Ti oxides and V>200 ppm indicate presence of cumulus phases to various degrees. These basement-derived rocks in the Middle Allochthon yielded concordant U-Pb zircon SIMS ages of 1799 ± 10 Ma, 1787 ± 6 Ma and 1797 ± 5 Ma. They are therefore interpreted to represent rocks detached from the Palaeoproterozoic Transscandinavian Igneous Belt and incorporated in the Middle Allochthon during Scandian orogeny. AcknowledgementsWe thank journal editor Magnus Ripa and the reviewer U.B. Andersson and P.-G. Andréasson for their careful and constructive reviews that helped to improve the manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge proof-reading by K. Drüppel and B. Kathol (SGU) of a pre-submission version. J. Beckert and F. Winteroll helped with mapping, fieldwork support and sampling, which is also gratefully acknowledged. U-Pb isotopic zircon data were obtained from beneficial co-operation with the Laboratory for Isotope Geology of the Swedish Museum of Natural History in Stockholm. Martin Whitehouse, Lev Ilyinsky and Kerstin Lindén at the Nordsim analytical facility are gratefully acknowledged for their first class analytical support with SIMS-analyses. Martin Whitehouse performed the U-Pb data reduction. The Nordsim facility is financed and operated under an agreement between the research councils of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, the Geological Survey of Finland and the Swedish Museum of Natural History. This is Nordsim publication no. 407. Gary Wife at EBC, as well as Jaroslaw Majka and Abigail Barker at the Department of Geology, Uppsala University, are much thanked for their support during BSE-/CL-imaging of zircons.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Risk prediction models for breast cancer: a systematic review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives To systematically review and critically appraise published studies of risk prediction models for breast cancer in the general population without breast cancer, and provide evidence for future research in the field. Design Systematic review using the Prediction model study Risk Of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) framework. Data sources PubMed, the Cochrane Library and Embase were searched from inception to 16 December 2021. Eligibility criteria We included studies reporting multivariable models to estimate the individualised risk of developing female breast cancer among different ethnic groups. Search was limited to English language only. Data extraction and synthesis Two reviewers independently screened, reviewed, extracted and assessed studies with discrepancies resolved through discussion or a third reviewer. Risk of bias was assessed according to the PROBAST framework. Results 63 894 studies were screened and 40 studies with 47 risk prediction models were included in the review. Most of the studies used logistic regression to develop breast cancer risk prediction models for Caucasian women by case–control data. The most widely used risk factor was reproductive factors and the highest area under the curve was 0.943 (95% CI 0.919 to 0.967). All the models included in the review had high risk of bias. Conclusions No risk prediction models for breast cancer were recommended for different ethnic groups and models incorporating mammographic density or single-nucleotide polymorphisms among Asian women are few and poorly needed. High-quality breast cancer risk prediction models assessed by PROBAST should be developed and validated, especially among Asian women. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020202570.
A novel self-assembled lipid-polymer hybrid system for efficient yet biocompatible gene delivery

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Lipid-polymer hybrid systems are gaining ever-increasing interest for the treatment of diseases arising from genetic mutations due to their facile synthetic protocols, being readily scalable, of low cytotoxicity, and crucially effecting gene transfer in a synergistic fashion. In the present study, a self-assembled hybrid gene delivery platform (EGCDNPs) comprised of a chitosan derivative EAGC [Ν-(2-ethylamino)-6- Ο-glycolchitosan] and a ‘helper lipid’ of DOPE (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphoethanolamine) was prepared. This hybrid system is highly amenable to finetuning its molecular variables, such as molecular weight and ethylamino mole substitution, in order to achieve distinct in vitro and in vivo gene transfer properties. In total, three distinct gene delivery carriers were produced: E17GC43DNPs, E25GC45DNPs, and E28GC83DNPs. Regarding the influence of the ethylamino mole substitution of EAGC on the gene transfer behaviour of EGCDNPs, E25GC45DNPs (the higher level of ethylamino groups) achieved high gene transfection efficiency in in vitro cell lines, whereas E17GC43DNPs (the lower level of ethylamino groups) showed a very poor transfection performance. Concerning the molecular weight influence of EAGC on the gene transport performance of EGCDNPs, E28GC83DNPs (higher molecular weight) were more efficient with respect to firefly luciferase plasmid delivery to the healthy murine bladder in vivo as compared to E25GC45DNPs (lower molecular weight). Moreover, E28GC83DNPs could adhere to the murine bladder urothelium and even penetrate deeper into the regions of bladder lamina propria.
MOLECULAR AND GENETIC ASPECTS OF RIPENING AND QUALITATIVE TRAITS IN PEACH AND NECTARINE FRUITS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) and cDNA-AFLP analysis have been used to study gene expression during peach fruit ripening. An EST repertoire (1007 sequences) has been constructed using transcripts in nectarine fruit cv. 'Fantasia' at climacteric stage. The EST repertoire was reduced to 696 unigenes: in these 579 (83%) were singletons. EST analysis confirmed that in peach ripe fruit, genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis and cell wall metabolism are highly represented. Three transcription factors (TFs) homologous to SEPALLATA3, atb2, bHLH61 belonging to MADS, bZIP and bHLH families, respectively, have been identified. The abundance of the related transcripts suggests that these TFs play a regulatory role of ripening, as reporter in other fruits species. The EST repertoire has been included in a sequence database assembled by the Italian Consortium for Prunus spp genomic study to generate the first peach fruit microarray (μPEACH 1.0). EST analysis has been integrated with cDNA-AFLP to study a selection of the nectarine cv. 'Fantasia', named sir, characterized by a block of ripening. Data pointed out that the sir fruit phenotype might be due to disturbance in the onset of senescence.
Attention-based Neural Load Forecasting: A Dynamic Feature Selection Approach

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Encoder-decoder-based recurrent neural network (RNN) has made significant progress in sequence-to-sequence learning tasks such as machine translation and conversational models. Recent works have shown the advantage of this type of network in dealing with various time series forecasting tasks. The present paper focuses on the problem of multi-horizon short-term load forecasting, which plays a key role in the power system's planning and operation. Leveraging the encoder-decoder RNN, we develop an attention model to select the relevant features and similar temporal information adaptively. First, input features are assigned with different weights by a feature selection attention layer, while the updated historical features are encoded by a bi-directional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) layer. Then, a decoder with hierarchical temporal attention enables a similar day selection, which re-evaluates the importance of historical information at each time step. Numerical results tested on the dataset of the global energy forecasting competition 2014 show that our proposed model significantly outperforms some existing forecasting schemes.
Planning water resources development in an uncertain climate future: a hydro-economic simulation framework applied to the case of the Blue Nile

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This research developed an integrated framework for conducting economic assessment of water resources infrastructures in the context of climatic and development uncertainty. Two levels of simulation make up the framework: the hydrological, based around the river basin routing model; and the economic, which utilizes Monte Carlo simulation methods to simulate the net present value of projects given variation in economic model parameters. A number of linkages between climate and the performance of the system were included: changes in runoff, reservoir evaporation rates and crop water requirements, as well as economic changes in the value of water, energy and carbon offsets. The framework was made operational for a real-world planning application in the Nile Basin. It was first used to study in detail the effect of the climate linkages on the economics of a single proposed hydropower dam on the Blue Nile in Ethiopia. An illustrative climate scenario, drawn from the set of emissions futures considered by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), was used for this evaluation. Several climate change linkages were found to have important effects on the system and the economics of the project: climate-perturbed runoff, increases in crop water requirements due to higher temperatures, and changes in the value of energy and carbon offsets. The research was then extended to evaluate the costs and benefits of constructing alternative configurations of Blue Nile hydropower dams, for four possible water withdrawal conditions and a range of climate scenarios. The effects of project design and operational features were also evaluated. The analysis showed that: 1) many projects provide positive net benefits across a range of conditions; 2) increased system water withdrawals have a significant negative impact on the economics of Blue Nile dams; and 3) results are most sensitive to assumptions about discounting and future inflows. Also, the infrastructure with the best economic outcomes is dependent on the unknown future climate of and water use in the system. An approach was therefore developed for comparing the relative performance of alternatives, and comparative metrics were used to identify alternatives with relatively low risks and high upside across a range of plausible future situations.
Rare paratesticular aggressive angiomyxoma with negative oestrogen and progesterone receptors in a male patient

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aggressive angiomyxoma (AAM) is a rare mesenchymal myxoid tumour localised to the pelvis and/or perineum in adult females in reproductive age group. AAM is very rare in males, with <50 cases described in literature, and involves scrotum, spermatic cord and perineum. It is slow growing, with a marked tendency for local recurrence after excision, but without metastatic potential. We present a rare case of a paratesticular AAM in a man aged 53 years. Tumour cells were immunoreactive for desmin, smooth muscle actin (SMA), vimentin, CD34 and were negative for S100. Unlike AAMs in females which express oestrogen receptor (ER) and/or progesterone receptor (PR) in >90% cases, the tumour cells in our case were negative for ER and PR, suggesting that the hypothesis that these markers play a role in tumour development and pathogenesis, does not apply in males. Androgen receptor positivity was noted in 2%–5% tumour cells.
The Compensation of Head Motion Artifacts Using an Infrared Tracking System and a New Algorithm for fMRI

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We aim to provide a next generation Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) technology with an integrated solution for reducing motion artifacts in brain imaging applications. New developments in the field of MRI are revolutionizing the diagnostic capabilities e.g. of functional (fMRI) of the technique. Unfortunately, motion artifacts are eminent problems in cerebral MRI images, especially in difficult patient populations (e.g. chronic pain, children, neonates). Patient motion artifacts are present in 2D sequences, but are extremely detrimental in multi-slice 3D sequences often employed in fMRI. The problem of motion compensation in MRI technology deals with:
Introduction

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT This collection is an outgrowth of a symposium the Department of Defense held in May 2002 to develop a research agenda focusing on prevention of intimate partner violence. Subject area experts were asked to review the current literature on various aspects of intimate partner violence prevention in four primary areas, including what we know about: (a) changing the way people think about intimate partner violence; (b) changing the way the health care system responds to intimate partner violence; (c) changing the way young people handle anger and interact with their intimate partners; and (d) changing the ways communities support families to prevent intimate partner violence. In this volume, we compile the work of these scholars to further intervention and research efforts to prevent intimate partner violence.