jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Two cases of multi-drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis with para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS)-induced hypothyroidism].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Two cases of multi-drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis with para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS)-induced hypothyroidism were reported. Case 1; a 73-year-old male, complaining of edema, was admitted to our hospital. He had been treated for his multi-drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis during the past 1 year with an antituberculous regimen consisting of ethambutol (EB), ethionamide (ETH) and PAS. A thyroid profile performed when he was admitted to our hospital showed several marked abnormalities: serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was elevated (69.4 microIU/ml: normal, 0.4-4.2 mIU/ml), free thyroxine level (T4) (0.01 ng/dl; normal, 0.70-1.60 ng/dl) and free triiodothyronine level (Ts) (0.60 pg/ml; normal, 2.3-4.1 pg/ml) were low. PAS was discontinued after he was admitted to our hospital, since PAS was believed to be the cause of the hypothyroidism. A thyroid profile that was repeated after the exclusion of PAS from treatment showed the following results: the TSH level was decreased (13.4 mIU/ml), the free T4 (0.93 ng/dl) were normal. During treatment with PAS, he had never received thyroid replacement therapy. Case 2; A 22-year-old female, complaining of hemosputum. She had been treated for her multi-drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis during the past 11 months with an antituberculous regimen consisting of EB, ETH and PAS. A thryoid profile performed when she was admitted to our hospital showed several marked abnormalities: elevated serum TSH (112.7 mIU/ml), and low T4 (2.0 micrograms/dl) and T3 (1.1 ng/ml). A thyroid profile that was repeated after the exclusion of PAS from treatment showed the following results: the TSH level was decreased (5.1 mIU/ml). Drug-induced hypothyroidism is an infrequent side effect of therapy with PAS, and only a few cases of PAS-induced hypothyroidism have been reported so far. In this report, we describe patients with hypothyroidism who were receiving therapy for multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis, tuberculosis namely, resistant to at least isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RFP), with a regimen that contained PAS.
Otoliths of Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida), small Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), and three other fish species from Newfoundland waters: description and relationship of fish length to otolith length

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Distinguishing features of otoliths of two species of gadid fish (Arctic cod, Boreogadus saida, and Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua) are presented and include descriptions of speci-mens smaller than those previously described. Descriptions are also provided for otoliths of northern sand lance, Atlantic herring and capelin, three other locally and seasonally abun-dant fish species at Newfoundland. Regressions of body length on otolith length are pre-sented for each of these fish species, to aid in the estimation of the sizes of prey consumed by major fish predators, such as short-finned squid, in coastal Newfoundland waters.
Mobile Mapping Mesh Change Detection and Update

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Mobile mapping, in particular, Mobile Lidar Scanning (MLS) is increasingly widespread to monitor and map urban scenes at city scale with unprecedented resolution and accuracy. The resulting point cloud sampling of the scene geometry can be meshed in order to create a continuous representation for different applications: visualization, simulation, navigation, etc. Because of the highly dynamic nature of these urban scenes, long term mapping should rely on frequent map updates. A trivial solution is to simply replace old data with newer data each time a new acquisition is made. However it has two drawbacks: 1) the old data may be of higher quality (resolution, precision) than the new and 2) the coverage of the scene might be different in various acquisitions, including varying occlusions. In this paper, we propose a fully automatic pipeline to address these two issues by formulating the problem of merging meshes with different quality, coverage and acquisition time. Our method is based on a combined distance and visibility based change detection, a time series analysis to assess the sustainability of changes, a mesh mosaicking based on a global boolean optimization and finally a stitching of the resulting mesh pieces boundaries with triangle strips. Finally, our method is demonstrated on Robotcar and Stereopolis datasets.
Practical Algorithmic Techniques for Several String Processing Problems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The domains of data mining and knowledge discovery make use of large amounts of textual data, which need to be handled efficiently. Specific problems, like finding the maximum weight ordered common subset of a set of ordered sets or searching for specific patterns within texts, occur frequently in this context. In this paper we present several novel and practical algorithmic techniques for processing textual data (strings) in order to efficiently solve multiple problems. Our techniques make use of efficient string algorithms and data structures, like KMP, suffix arrays, tries and deterministic finite automata.
Clinical Importance of Myocardial T<sub>2</sub> Mapping and Texture Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is valuable for diagnosis and assessment of the severity of various myocardial diseases owing to its potential to visualize myocardial scars. T1 mapping is complementary to LGE because it can quantify the degree of myocardial fibrosis or edema. As such, T1-weighted imaging techniques, including LGE using an inversion recovery sequence, contribute to cardiac MRI. T2-weighted imaging is widely used to characterize the tissue of many organs. T2-weighted imaging is used in cardiac MRI to identify myocardial edema related to chest pain, acute myocardial diseases, or severe myocardial injuries. However, it is difficult to determine the presence and extent of myocardial edema because of the low contrast between normal and diseased myocardium and image artifacts of T2-weighted images and the lack of an established method to quantify the images. T2 mapping quantifies myocardial T2 values and help identify myocardial edema. The T2 values are significantly related to the clinical symptoms or severity of nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Texture analysis is a postprocessing method to quantify tissue alterations that are reflected in the T2-weighted images. Texture analysis provides a variety of parameters, such as skewness, entropy, and grey-scale non-uniformity, without the need for additional sequences. The abnormal signal intensity on T2-weighted images or T2 values may correspond to not only myocardial edema but also other tissue alterations. In this review, the techniques of cardiac T2 mapping and texture analysis and their clinical relevance are described.
Hepatocyte-specific expression of the mouse hepatocyte growth factor-like protein

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We have cloned and characterized the gene and complementary DNA for a new kringle-containing protein. Although the function of this protein is not known, it has been called hepatocyte growth factor-like protein because it shares the same structural domains as hepatocyte growth factor, with four kringle structures followed by a region homologous to serine proteases. To determine if hepatocyte growth factor-like protein is synthesized by the same cells as hepatocyte growth factor, we surveyed adult mouse and developing mouse embryo tissues by in situ hybridization analysis using radiolabeled RNA for hepatocyte growth factor-like protein. Results of in situ hybridization analysis of adult mouse tissues show that among all surveyed tissues specific signal was restricted to the liver. Higher magnification of liver sections shows that hepatocytes were the only cell type expressing messenger RNA for hepatocyte growth factor-like protein, contrary to the reported presence of hepatocyte growth factor messenger RNA in fatstoring cells. A similar liver-restricted and hepatocytespecific pattern of messenger RNA expression was observed in the developing mouse embryo at 14 days of gestation. All other developing tissues that were analyzed, as well as liver hematopoietic cells, did not express messenger RNA for hepatocyte growth factor-like protein at levels detectable by this technique. We conclude that although structurally similar to hepatocyte growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor-like protein is a novel protein synthesized primarily in hepatocytes. (Hepatology 1993;18:394-399).
TU-FG-BRB-02: The Impact of Using Dual-Energy CT for Determining Proton Stopping Powers: Comparison Between Theory and Experiments

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical performance of dual-energy CT (DECT) in determining proton stopping power ratios (SPR) and demonstrate advantages over conventional single-energy CT (SECT). Methods: SECT and DECT scans of tissue-equivalent plastics as well as animal meat samples are performed with a Siemens SOMATOM Definition Flash. The methods of Schneider et al. (1996) and Bourque et al. (2014) are used to determine proton SPR on SECT and DECT images, respectively. Waterequivalent path length (WEPL) measurements of plastics and tissue samples are performed with a 195 MeV proton beam. WEPL values are determined experimentally using the depth-dose shift and dose extinction methods. Results: Comparison between CT-based and experimental WEPL is performed for 12 tissue-equivalent plastic as well as 6 meat boxes containing animal liver, kidney, heart, stomach, muscle and bones. For plastic materials, results show a systematic improvement in determining SPR with DECT, with a mean absolute error of 0.4% compared to 1.7% for SECT. For the meat samples, preliminary results show the ability for DECT to determine WEPL with a mean absolute value of 1.1% over all meat boxes. Conclusion: This work demonstrates the potential in using DECT for determining proton SPR with plastic materials in a clinical context. Further work is required to show the benefits of DECT for tissue samples. While experimental uncertainties could be a limiting factor to show the benefits of DECT over SECT for the meat samples, further work is required to adapt the DECT formalism in the context of clinical use, where noise and artifacts play an important role.
Explicit characterization of the polarization tensor for rough thin layers

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In the paper ‘Approximate transmission conditions through a rough thin layer. The case of periodic roughness’ (Eur. J. Appl. Math. 2010; 21: 51–75), Ciuperca et al . derive transmission conditions that are equivalent to a rough thin layer for the conductivity problem. These conditions involved a pair of vector fields ( A 0 , a 0 ) and two constants D 1 and D 2 that are given implicitly by solving a partial differential equation in the infinite strip × /2π . We give here an explicit expression of a 0 in terms of A 0 , which shows that D 1 equals zero. We infer an explicit characterization of the polarization tensor as given by Capdeboscq and Vogelius (ESAIM:M2AN. 2003; 37: 159–173).
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE OUTCOMES OF VARIOUS MODALITIES OF SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUNDBenign prostatic hyperplasia is one of the most common ailments affecting elderly men.The lower urinary tract symptoms caused by it are distressing and cause significant morbidity.Most symptoms are manifested as derangement in urination due to the close anatomical relation between the bladder and the prostate.The present study was undertaken to study the surgical management of benign prostatic hyperplasia with emphasis on transurethral resection of prostate, transurethral vapourisation and open prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe study was a prospective hospital-based time-bound observational study conducted between December 2013 and May 2015 at a Medical College Hospital. RESULTSThe maximum incidence of the disease was in the age group of 61 -70 years.The next commonest mode of presentation was acute retention of urine followed by a weak stream.The average operating time for open prostatectomy was significantly higher.Urinary incontinence following minimally invasive procedures like TURP and TUVP was more common than following open prostatectomy.The average improvement in the symptoms of the patients who underwent TURP and TUVP for BPH at 3 months are similar and less when compared to open prostatectomy. CONCLUSIONTURP is the gold standard in the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia with earlier recovery and lesser postoperative complications.
The Effect of Commuting Time on Married Couples’Time Use

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper analyzes the effects of changes in commuting time on the market and household labor supply of wives and their husbands. We use the Japanese Panel Survey of Consumers (JPSC), conducted by the Institute for Research on Household Economics, for the period 1994–2015. This is a unique panel survey compiling the daily time allocation of both wives and husbands. In addition, it includes information on work circumstances, which are important to estimate market labor hours, and on household characteristics and the number of family members, which are essential to consider the decision on housework. The panel dataset enables us to control for unobserved heterogeneity of individuals and households and clarify the causal impact of commuting time on time allocation within the family. The results of the analysis on dual income households show that an increase in own commuting time raises the market labor hours and decreases the housework hours both for a wife and the husband. In addition, an increase in one spouse’s commuting time decreases the spouse’s own market labor hours and increases their housework hours. Further estimation shows that wives’ market labor hours react to their own and their spouse’s commuting time more than their own housework hours, and that husbands’ market labor hours react to their own and their spouse’s commuting time more than wives’ market labor hours. This responsiveness in husbands’ time allocation is a recent phenomenon in Japanese families which was not observed in the 1990s. JEL Classification Codes: D13, J22, R41
Cyber security

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The chapter examines cyber security risks. Reference to the Solarwinds infiltration. The boundaries of cyber space are defined based on four physical domains, air, land, sea and space, along with cyber space as a fifth man-made domain. Risk frameworks and cooperative networks operate at the national UK, European and global levels. These can include guidance from the G7, G20, FSB and the EU Cyber Agency. There are also UK-based forums and guidance, such as the FCA Guidance on Cyber Resilience. FCA SMR must incorporate evolving policies to match the sophistication of cyber attacks. Legal costs could be the tip of the iceberg in terms of harms caused by ransomware attacks. Legal and compliance functions are vital as independent challengers of agreed cyber security standards in third party supplier contracts. The chapter finishes by pointing out that cyber insurance contracts obligations may be conditional on evidence of implementing specific cyber risk frameworks, for example the NCSC Cyber Essentials Plus.
Design and Synthesis of Custom IP in VLSI

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The top module or sub-module of a project in the Vivado Design Suite can be packaged as an IP and it is available in the IP repository of the Vivado IP catalog for reuse. This paper exhibit how chosen modules in an RTL project can be packaged as IP for reuse. IP packaging is IP-XACTcompliant, where IP-XACT is a XML format that defines and describes electronic components and their designs.IP packaging also allows for different file sets to be part of the package.These file sets include simulation, test bench, example design, XDC constraints, and documents.
A global bifurcation theorem for a multiparameter positone problem and its application to the one-dimensional perturbed Gelfand problem

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We study the global bifurcation and exact multiplicity of positive solutions for \begin{equation*} \begin{cases} u^{\prime \prime }(x)+\lambda f_{\varepsilon }(u)=0\text{,}\; \;-10$ is a bifurcation parameter, $\varepsilon \in \Theta $ is an evolution parameter, and $\Theta \equiv \left( \sigma _{1},\sigma_{2}\right) $ is an open interval with $0\leq \sigma _{1}<\sigma _{2}\leq \infty $. Under some suitable hypotheses on $f_{\varepsilon }$, we prove that there exists $\varepsilon _{0}\in \Theta $ such that, on the $(\lambda,\|u\|_{\infty })$-plane, the bifurcation curve is S-shaped for $\sigma_{1}<\varepsilon <\varepsilon _{0}$ and is monotone increasing for $\varepsilon _{0}\leq \varepsilon <\sigma _{2}$. We give an application to prove global bifurcation of bifurcation curves for the one-dimensional perturbed Gelfand problem.
Quality, Accessibility and Efficiency of Emergency Medical Care in the St. Petersburg State Budgetary Healthcare Institution "Children's City Polyclinic No. 49" of the Pushkinsky District in a Mobile Form

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Taking into account the annually increasing burden on the district service, the need to provide primary health care in an urgent form within 2 hours (the Territorial program of state guarantees of free medical care to citizens in St. Petersburg), an emergency department was organized. After several years of operation of the emergency department, there is a tendency to reduce the non-core burden on the emergency medical services and there is a significant economic effect for the medical organization. Thanks to the creation of an emergency department in the polyclinic, it was possible to significantly improve the quality and accessibility of medical care for the population.
Methods of Expanding an Abridged Life Tables: Comparison between Two Methods

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A question of interest in the demografic and actuarial fields is the estimation of the complete sets of q(x)-values when the data are given in age groups. This study presents two techniques of expanding an abridged life table to a complete ones. The two expansion techniques used in the study are King's Osculatory Interpolation and Heligman-Pollard model. This work evaluated and compared the performance of King's Osculatory Interpolation and Heligman-Pollard model. For that purpose, empirical data sets on abridged life tables for Malaysian populations for the period of 1991, 1995 and 1999 for both gender were collected. Then each of the expanding techniques considered was applied to these abridged data sets. The complete sets of q(x)-values obtained from these two techniques were then used to produce the estimated abridged ones. These results were then compared with the actual values published in the abridged tables.
‘MINUSTAH is doing positive things just as they do negative things’: nuanced perceptions of a UN peacekeeping operation amidst peacekeeper-perpetrated sexual exploitation and abuse in Haiti

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This source reveals the United Nations peacekeeping efforts in Haiti following sexual exploitation and abuse, as well as the violation of other human rights in Haiti. Haitians encountered a period of sexual abuse, politically motivated violence, and the closure of public health institutions.
Barriers To Participation in Research As Perceived By Undergraduate Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study From Qassim

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background I t is vital for healthcare practitioners to have the necessary skills and competence to review the literature and critically appraise research evidence. However, medical students` engagement in research activities continues to be below the expectation. In this study we aimed to investigate students` views about research, and to identify the barriers preventing them from participation in research projects. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in the College of Medicine in Qassim University. A total of 230 students were included. Data were collected online through a self- administered questionnaire .The perceptions of students were assessed using a 16-item questionnaire organized as ; Students` attitudes towards research, Students` perception of research benefits, Students` willingness to participate in research, and Students` perception of research barriers. The mean scores of these four subscales were compared between students using Mann-Whitney test .Factors associated with students` perception of research barriers were analyzed using four separate logistic regression models. Results The overall response rate was 89.4%. The results indicate that the students generally possess a moderately positive attitude towards research with a mean score of 14.8 ± 2.7 (range: 5–25). A substantial number of participants reported their willingness to take part in any research-related task (77.0%). However, the participants highly agreed that lack of time (70.4%), lack of supervision and guidance (72.6%), lack of research training and support (73.9%), and lack of research exposure and opportunities (75.2%) were major barriers to their participation in research .We found that students having lower CGPA ranks are almost three times more likely to indicate lack of time as a challenge (AOR: 2.94; 95% CI: 1.09,7.94; p.value = 0.033). Overall, female students were more likely to report concerns about research training and availability of research opportunities, while male students were more likely to indicate lack of time and lack of supervision as research barriers. Conclusions The barriers addressed in the current study —both discretely and cumulatively—are highly demotivating for students, and negatively affect their participation in research. Efforts should be invested to shift the focus from providing superficial research exposure to incorporating more in-depth and effective research training for undergraduate students
Group Codes with Low-Density Orthogonal Idempotent

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We introduce the family of Low-Density Orthogonal Idempotent (LDOI) codes, which are group codes characterized by two-sided ideals of a semisimple group algebra that have an orthogonal idempotent with low Hamming weight. These codes can be thought of as the analog, over a group algebra, of Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes over finite fields. We initiate the study of LDOI codes and characterize some of their properties in terms of weight of the orthogonal idempotent and the so-called adjacency matrix. We then show how the iterative Bit Flipping (BF) algorithm-the simplest form of decoder used for LDPC codes-can be adapted to decode LDOI codes. We show that, for certain families of LDOI codes (namely, those having a binary adjacency matrix), the BF decoder is optimal (i.e., achieves maximum error correction capability) even when just one iteration is performed.