jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of oscillation in a neuronal network model for tinnitus management by sound therapy

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Tinnitus is a state in which one hears sounds in the ear or head without any external sound. There are many therapeutic approaches for tinnitus and sound therapy is one of the techniques for its treatment that have been proposed. In order to investigate mechanisms of tinnitus generation and the clinical effects of sound therapy from the viewpoint of neural engineering, we have proposed computational models with plasticity and inhibitory feedback using a neural oscillator or model neurons described by simplified Hodgkin-Huxley equations. In the present paper, the improvement of the neuronal network model is described in the reproduction of the clinical results that human auditory system temporarily halts perception of tinnitus following sound therapy.
Induction of mutation in the west Australian Blue Lupin ( Lupinus digitatus forsk) by X-irradiation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Dry seeds of Lupinus digitatus Forsk. were given X-ray doses ranging from 10 to 125 kr. The highest doses tolerated were between 70 and 90 kr, but for the practical induction of mutations the optimum range is probably 40–60 kr or less. Altogether 132 mutations were recorded. One of these, an early-flowering mutant, could be of value. Nearly all the milder mutations segregated as simple recessives, but there was at least one dominant. Many of the more drastic mutations segregated irregularly. The progenies of individual X1 inflorescences were sown separately in the X2, and the pattern of appearance of mutations showed that, whereas the seeds produced in most individual X1 branch inflorescences were descended from a single cell in the irradiated seed, those in the apical inflorescences were often descended from two or more cells. In very few cases were all the seeds of an X1 plant found to be descended from the same original cell.
Regulation of skeletal muscle blood flow during exercise in ageing humans

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The regulation of skeletal muscle blood flow and oxygen delivery to contracting skeletal muscle is complex and involves the mechanical effects of muscle contraction; local metabolic, red blood cell and endothelium‐derived substances; and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). With advancing age in humans, skeletal muscle blood flow is typically reduced during dynamic exercise and this is due to a lower vascular conductance, which could ultimately contribute to age‐associated reductions in aerobic exercise capacity, a primary predictor of mortality in both healthy and diseased ageing populations. Recent findings have highlighted the contribution of endothelium‐derived substances to blood flow control in contracting muscle of older adults. With advancing age, impaired nitric oxide availability due to scavenging by reactive oxygen species, in conjunction with elevated vasoconstrictor signalling via endothelin‐1, reduces the local vasodilatory response to muscle contraction. Additionally, ageing impairs the ability of contracting skeletal muscle to blunt sympathetic vasoconstriction (i.e. ‘functional sympatholysis’), which is critical for the proper regulation of tissue blood flow distribution and oxygen delivery, and could further reduce skeletal muscle perfusion during high intensity and/or large muscle mass exercise in older adults. We propose that initiation of endothelium‐dependent hyperpolarization is the underlying signalling event necessary to properly modulate sympathetic vasoconstriction in contracting muscle, and that age‐associated impairments in red blood cell adenosine triphosphate release and stimulation of endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation may explain impairments in both local vasodilatation and functional sympatholysis with advancing age in humans. image
Images of the four blood cell types analyzed by UPSIDE.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>(A) Representative images from the four blood cell types Raw264.7, Kasumi-1, Scid-ADH2 and AML LSCs. (B) Representative images from eight different morphological clusters identified by Louvain clustering of the UPSIDE-generated latent vectors from each cell type. Scale bar represents 5 <b>μ</b>m.</p> <p>(TIF)</p>
Reconstructing 3D Human Body Pose from Stereo Image Sequences Using Hierarchical Human Body Model Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a novel method for reconstructing a 3D human body pose using depth information based on top-down learning. The human body pose is represented by a linear combination of prototypes of 2D depth images and their corresponding 3D body models in terms of the position of a predetermined set of joints. In a 2D depth image, the optimal coefficients for a linear combination of prototypes of 2D depth images can be estimated using least square minimization. The 3D body model of the input depth image is obtained by applying the estimated coefficients to the corresponding 3D body model of prototypes. In the learning stage, the proposed method is hierarchically constructed by classifying the training data recursively into several clusters with silhouette images and depth images. In applying hierarchical human body model learning to estimate 3D human body pose, the similar pose in a silhouette image can be estimated as a different 3D human body pose. The proposed method has been tested with 20 persons' sequences. The proposed method achieved the average errors 0f 12.3 degree for all human body components.
Data on the PCR Turkish Population Based Loci: LDLR, GYPA, HBGG, D7S8, and Gc

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Allele and genotype frequencies for the five PCR-based loci were analyzed in 157 unrelated Turkish individuals. The five PCR-based loci included LDLR, GYPA, HBGG, D7S8, and Gc. The results of the chi-square and exact tests showed that the genotype distribution at the LDLR, GYPA, D7S8, and Gc loci did not significantly differ from the Hardy-Weinberg Expectation (HWE). However, the genotype distribution at the HBGG locus did not conform to HWE. Moreover, the genotype frequencies calculated in this study were compared with the published genotype frequencies of US African American and US Caucasian populations. The Turkish population was significantly different at the HBGG locus from the US Caucasian population. However, there were highly significant differences at the LDLR, HBGG, and Gc loci between the Turkish and African American populations.
More Than a Number: Measuring Value and ROI in a Library Microgrant Program

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The objective of this study was to identify whether the internal microgrant program at the University of Houston Libraries provided a suitable return on investment. This study identified three criteria for assessing return on investment from library microgrants: engagement, continuation, and professional impact. The results indicated that compared to costs for other library outreach programs and events, the amount for the microgrant program is not excessive. However, it resulted in significant participation and impact, with many continuing positive outcomes. Internal microgrant programs offered a positive return on investment for the University of Houston Libraries during the period reviewed. This study will help with the decision-making process of other libraries looking to fund similar programs. It also has implications for assessment in libraries with similar existing programs.
Protonation of Pyruvic Acid – Synthesis of a plain Superelectrophile

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The syntheses of [H 3 C(O)CC(OH) 2 ][ M F 6 ] and [H 3 C(OH)CC(OH) 2 ][ M F 6 ] 2 ( M= As, Sb) by reacting pyruvic acid in the superacidic systems HF/AsF 5 and HF/SbF 5 are reported. The salts were characterized by low‐temperature vibrational spectroscopy and in the cases of [H 3 C(O)CC(OH) 2 ][SbF 6 ] and [H 3 C(OH)CC(OH) 2 ][SbF 6 ] 2 ⋅ HF by X‐ray crystal structure analyses. The experimental results are discussed together with quantum chemical calculations. Remarkably, the bond distance and the twisting angle around the central C−C bond are unaffected by the protonations despite increasing coulombic repulsion. The crystal structure reveals short interionic interactions that have a considerable influence on the C−C bond.
Multifractal spectrum of quotients of Birkhoff averages for a family of quadratic maps

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In a recent article, Chung and Takahashi (Erg. Th & Dynan. Sys. 34, 1116 (2014)) effected a multifractal description of the Birkhoff spectrum for a set of quadratic one dimensional functions known as the Benedicks-Carleson maps. They obtained a variational formula for the dimension spectrum of Birkhoff averages. In this article we try to complete the analysis studying the spectrum of quotients of Birkhoff averages.
Local control and short-term outcomes after VATS segmentectomy vs lobectomy for pT1c pN0 NSCLC (2–3 cm)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective Pulmonary segmentectomy has shown comparable oncological results to lobectomy for non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) of less than 2 cm. However, controversy remains for tumors of larger size. The aim of this study was to compare short-term outcomes and local control in pT1c pN0 NSCLC that were intentionally treated by VATS segmentectomy or lobectomy. Methods Multicenter retrospective study from January 2014 to October 2021 of 162 consecutive patients undergoing complete (R0) anatomical resections for pT1c pN0 NSCLC. Two groups, VATS lobectomy (VL) or VATS segmentectomy (VS) were defined according to the extension of the resection. Patients’ characteristics, postoperative outcomes and survival were compared. Results In total, 162 patients underwent VL (n=81) or VS (n=81). Except for age (median of 68 vs 71 years, p=0.034) and past medical history of cancer (32% vs 48%, p=0.038), there was no difference between VL and VS in terms of demographics and comorbidities (table1). Segmentectomies were performed in upper lobes in 68% and single segments represented 46% of all cases. Conversion thoracotomy rate was 5% in both groups. Morbidity were similar in both groups (34% vs 30%, p=0.5). The median time for chest tube removal (3 vs 2 days, p=0.002) and median LOS (6 vs 5 days, p=0.039) were in favor of the VS group. Significantly larger tumor (25 mm vs 23.5 mm p=0.001) and an increased number of lymph nodes removal (median 14 vs 10, p&lt;0.001) were found in the VL group. During the follow-up (median: 31 months), no statistical difference was found for local and distant recurrence in VL groups (12.3%) and VS group (6.2%) (p=0.414). Overall survival was comparable in-between both groups (p=0.166). Conclusion Despite a short follow-up, our preliminary data shows that local control is comparable for VATS lobectomy and VATS segmentectomy. Further prospective randomized trials are needed to corroborate these results.
ImmersiveNeRF: Hybrid Radiance Fields for Unbounded Immersive Light Field Reconstruction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This article proposes a hybrid radiance field representation for unbounded immersive light field reconstruction which supports high-quality rendering and aggressive view extrapolation. The key idea is to first formally separate the foreground and the background and then adaptively balance learning of them during the training process. To fulfill this goal, we represent the foreground and background as two separate radiance fields with two different spatial mapping strategies. We further propose an adaptive sampling strategy and a segmentation regularizer for more clear segmentation and robust convergence. Finally, we contribute a novel immersive light field dataset, named THUImmersive, with the potential to achieve much larger space 6DoF immersive rendering effects compared with existing datasets, by capturing multiple neighboring viewpoints for the same scene, to stimulate the research and AR/VR applications in the immersive light field domain. Extensive experiments demonstrate the strong performance of our method for unbounded immersive light field reconstruction.
Bibliomining for Library Decision-Making

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Most people think of a library as the little brick building in the heart of their community or the big brick building in the center of a college campus. However, these notions greatly oversimplify the world of libraries. Most large commercial organizations have dedicated in-house library operations, as do schools; nongovernmental organizations; and local, state, and federal governments. With the increasing use of the World Wide Web, digital libraries have burgeoned, serving a huge variety of different user audiences. With this expanded view of libraries, two key insights arise. First, libraries are typically embedded within larger institutions. Corporate libraries serve their corporations, academic libraries serve their universities, and public libraries serve taxpaying communities who elect overseeing representatives. Second, libraries play a pivotal role within their institutions as repositories and providers of information resources. In the provider role, libraries represent in microcosm the intellectual and learning activities of the people who comprise the institution. This fact provides the basis for the strategic importance of library data mining: By ascertaining what users are seeking, bibliomining can reveal insights that have meaning in the context of the library’s host institution.
Prediction of Two-Dimensional Topological Crystalline Insulator in PbSe Monolayer

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Two-dimensional (2D) topological crystalline insulator, a new class where states are protected by lattice symmetry instead of by time-reversal symmetry, is predicted in PbSe monolayer based on first-principles electronic structure calculations. A combination of strong spin-orbit interaction with quantum confinement effects in PbSe monolayer lead to a topological phase transition with an even number of band inversion momentum space points. We demonstrate that the PbSe nanostructure presents pairs of spin-polarized Dirac cones coming from the monolayer edges, where each Dirac pair presents a unique spin alignment, leading to a quantum spin Hall system. More importantly, due to the quantum confinement this 2D nanostructure presents larger band gap as compared to its parent narrow band gap trivial insulator bulk PbSe, favoring a room-temperature 2D band gap with crystalline-protected Dirac states at the edges, turning this system interesting to combine nontrivial topological states with nanoelectronic and spintronic applications.
Allogeneic rejection or recurrence of autoimmunity as the cause of immune destruction of pancreatic grafts.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There is evidence that the destruction of the pancreatic B cell in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is due to autoimmune reactions. Transplantation of islet cell tissue might then provoke 'reimmunization', and this could presumably lead to destruction of the transplanted B cells. The authors have looked for signs of recurrence of autoimmunity following pancreatic transplantation.
Risk factors for poor survival outcomes in patients with resected stage I lung cancer harbouring epidermal growth factor receptor mutations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives To identify risk factors in patients with surgically-resected pathological stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations dichotomized according to the presence of ground-glass opacity (GGO). Methods Patients with pathological stage I NSCLC harbouring EGFR mutations who underwent curative resection between 2010 and 2020 were retrospectively included. Cox regression was used to investigate risk factors for overall survival (OS). Results Out of 461 patients (mean age, 61.7 ± 9.9 years; 306 women), 165 had solid tumours and 296 had subsolid tumours. In solid tumours, visceral pleural invasion (VPI) and a central location were independent risk factors for shorter OS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.95 [95% CI: 1.09, 3.49]; P = .02 and HR, 2.62 [95% CI: 1.46, 4.73]; P = .001, respectively). In subsolid tumours, older age and VPI were independent risk factors for shorter OS (HR, 1.05 [95% CI: 1.02, 1.09]; P = .002 and HR, 2.74 [95% CI: 1.52, 4.95]; P = .001, respectively). Patients with VPI(+) or central solid lung cancers exhibited the worst prognoses, whereas those with VPI(+) subsolid lung cancers exhibited comparable prognoses to those with VPI(−) or peripheral solid lung cancers. Conclusion In EGFR-mutated pathological stage I NSCLC, VPI was a common risk factor for shorter OS in patients with both subsolid and solid lung cancers. Patients with solid lung cancer with VPI or a central location had the worst prognoses. Advances in knowledge Adjuvant EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor may be beneficial for those with solid lung cancer with visceral pleural invasion or a central location.
Diabetes mellitus and the exocrine pancreas.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diabetes and carbohydrate intolerance can occur in pancreatitis. Although one-half of patients with acute pancreatitis will have some evidence of glucose intolerance during their acute illness, few will require insulin administration on either a short- or long-term basis. The diabetes seen in acute pancreatitis is likely due to a combination of factors, including alerted insulin secretion, increased glucagon release, and decreased glucose utilization by the liver and peripheral tissue. Chronic pancreatitis is often associated with diabetes mellitus, with the incidence as high as 70 percent when pancreatic calcification is present. These patients tend to be very sensitive to the effects of insulin and hypoglycemia. This is probably secondary to concurrent hepatic disease, malnutrition, and a relative decrease in glucagon reserves. The diabetes seen in chronic pancreatitis is associated with decreased insulin production. Finally, although the endocrine pancreas may influence the exocrine gland through a portal system, primary diabetes mellitus probably does not result in clinically significant alterations in pancreatic exocrine function.
Hydrodynamic Performance of Euplectella Aspergillum: Simulating Real Life Conditions in the Abyss

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We detail some of the understudied aspects of the flow inside and around the Hexactinellid Sponge Euplectella aspergillum. By leveraging the flexibility of the Lattice Boltzmann Method, High Performance Computing simulations are performed to dissect the complex conditions corresponding to the actual environment at the bottom of the ocean, at depths between 100 and 1,000 m. These large-scale simulations unveil potential clues on the evolutionary adaptations of these deep-sea sponges in response to the surrounding fluid flow, and they open the path to future investigations at the interface between physics, engineering and biology.
Redundant Configuration and Fault Tolerance Control Method for Enhanced Reliability of Energy Storage System

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The use of energy storage systems (ESSs) is increasing in the industry as part of global efforts to reduce carbon emissions. In particular, large-capacity ESSs that adopt lithium-ion batteries, which have high energy density characteristics, are being used not only in stationary applications but also in mobility industry fields such as vehicles and ships. However, ESSs with lithium-ion batteries have a high risk of fire and failure, which reduces the reliability of the system. This paper studies the redundant type ESS configuration and its fault tolerance control method for enhanced reliability of ESSs to which lithium-ion batteries are applied. Hence, we present a new control method for improving the cycle life of ESSs. The effectiveness of the proposed control method is validated using a 10S-1P configuration lithium-ion battery module, with reference to the operating profile of railway vehicles.
Ebola outbreak in DRC and Uganda; an East African public health concern

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract On August 21, 2022, healthcare authorities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) announced an outbreak of Ebola virus disease in North Kivu Province, bringing the total to 15 outbreaks nationwide. On September 20, 2022, Uganda's authorities declared an outbreak of the Sudan strain of the Ebola virus following a confirmed a case in Mubende district. As of October 6, 2022, the reported numbers of cases were 63, with 29 deaths in Uganda and 1 case with 1 death in DRC, respectively. Ebola virus causes an acute and severely fatal illness, resulting in death within a very short time if left untreated. In addition, these outbreaks in DRC and Uganda pose a major threat to the health and socioeconomic well‐being of the people of East Africa due to multiple cross‐border activities. Adequate preparations need to be made by the healthcare authorities of the nations concerned; the government, healthcare workers, and the East‐African community as a whole have important roles to play in the effective prevention and control of the spread of Ebola virus within and across their borders.
CXCL12/SDF‐1 Stimulates Megakaryocyte β‐1,4‐Galactosyltransferase 1 Activity to Enhance Platelet Production in Vivo

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Platelet recovery following bone marrow (BM) transplant and chemotherapy is crucial to prevent bleeding complications. The chemokine SDF‐1 promotes megakaryocyte (MK) migration towards BM sinusoids increasing platelet production. Here we show that SDF‐1 upregulates expression of the glycan structure Type‐2‐Lactosaminoglycan (LacNAc), synthesized by β4Galactosyltransferase1 (β4galt1). We hypothesized that SDF‐1 increases LacNAc synthesis promoting platelet production. Supporting this hypothesis, β4galt1 –/– mice had severe macrothrombocytopenia (80% reduction) with increased BMMK numbers (35%), which localized poorly with BM sinusoids (50%), compared to WT MKs (72%). β4galt1 –/– hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) transplanted into lethally irradiated WT mice restored BMMKs, which failed to migrate to sinusoids and produce circulating platelets. We next treated WT and β4galt1 –/– mice with the myeloablative chemotherapeutic agent 5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU), which decreased platelet counts by 50% in both phenotypes. SDF‐1 injections increased platelet counts by 70% in 5‐FU treated WT mice but not in β4galt1 –/– mice. Importantly, WT but not β4galt1 –/– platelets had increased LacNAc expression after SDF‐1 injections.β4galt1 –/– BMMKs had increased β1 integrin expression. Expression of laminin, β1 integrin ligand, was upregulated in β4galt1 –/– MKs and sinusoids. Our results suggest that SDF‐1 upregulates β4GalT1‐dependentLacNAc expression promoting MK interaction with BM sinusoids, likely regulating β1 integrin expression and interaction with components of the extracellular matrix, specifically laminin.
Hume, David (1711–1776)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

David Hume’s economic essays (which originally appeared in 1752 in a volume entitled Political Discourses) comprise a small portion of his writings. The scope of Hume’s thought was vast. He wrote extensively in philosophy (the area in which his reputation primarily lies), explored several of the social sciences and the humanities, and was deeply interested in history. His multi-volume History of England (1754–1761) was a path-breaking work in the field. Nonetheless, in the literature Hume’s economic writings have typically been treated as an entirely self-contained aspect of his work. This is not surprising, since in his economic essays he does not allude to his other writings, and subsequent disciplinary specialization has not encouraged consideration of any interrelationships between the two. For their part, philosophers have often treated Hume’s philosophical writings in isolation from his other work.