jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Theoretical study on the thermal transport and its tunability of a-plane trilayer GaN

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) a-plane gallium nitride, a non-layered 2D material, has promising applications in photoelectric nanodevices due to its direct band bandgap. Herein, employing molecular dynamics simulations, we studied the thermal transport properties of a-plane trilayer GaN, and the temperature, together with strain modulation on the thermal conductivity of the system. The a-plane trilayer GaN shows anisotropic thermal conductivity with 70.22 Wm −1 K −1 and 41.81 Wm −1 K −1 along zigzag- and armchair- directions respectively at room temperature when extrapolated to infinite size. In addition, the thermal conductivity of trilayer GaN exhibits decreasing trend in response to the increase of temperature. The thermal conductivity decreases monotonically with the increased compressive uniaxial and biaxial strain, while it shows an up-then-down trend under tensile strain. The tunability of thermal conductivity under biaxial strain is much larger than that of uniaxial strain. The phonon density of states is further investigated to understand the behavior of thermal conductivity. The tunability of the system thermal conductivity will expand its applications in thermal management and nanodevices.
Macroeconomic Effects of Fiscal Consolidation in Emerging Economies: New Narrative Evidence from Latin America and the Caribbean

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract We estimate the effects of fiscal consolidation on economic activity based on a new narrative data set for 14 emerging economies in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Following a Romer and Romer identification approach, we examine contemporaneous policy documents to identify changes in fiscal policy motivated by a desire to reduce the budget deficit and not by responding to the economic cycle. We find that a fiscal consolidation of 1% of GDP reduces real GDP by, on average, 0.9% in two years. The estimated effects are close to those we find for advanced economies based on a comparable narrative data set. We also find a strong “twin deficits” relation in LAC, with fiscal consolidation triggering an adjustment of the current account balance and depreciation of the real exchange rate that are more pronounced than in advanced economies.
Mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibition in the kidney

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Clinical trials with sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors showed that these drugs exert kidney and cardioprotective properties, independent of glycaemic control. However, the precise mechanisms for kidney protection are not fully understood but likely include changes in inflammatory markers and fluid status. Therefore, we aimed to investigate several biomarkers of inflammation and fluid status to get a better understanding in the precise mechanism. Additionally, we aimed to investigate the effects of SGTL2 inhibitors on these biomarkers and whether these biomarkers predicted clinical outcomes. Subsequently, we assessed whether some of these markers could be used as pharmacodynamic marker of response to SGLT2 inhibition. In this thesis we showed that baseline inflammatory markers plasma tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-1, TNFR 2, kidney injury molecule (KIM-1), growth-differentiation factor (GDF)-15 and interleukin (IL)-6, and urinary epidermal growth factor (EGF) were associated with kidney or cardiovascular outcomes. We also showed that SGLT2 inhibition decreased KIM-1, increased EGF and attenuated increases in TNFR-1, TNFR-2 and IL-6. Subsequently we showed that early changes in TNFR-1, TNFR-2 and EGF were associated with a decreased risk of subsequent kidney outcomes, suggesting that these markers may be used as pharmacodynamic marker of response to SGLT2 inhibition in patients with type 2 diabetes. Finally, we demonstrated that SGLT2 inhibition activated kidney-specific adaptive mechanisms to maintain body fluid and sodium balance to prevent volume depletion including activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and stimulation of antidiuretic hormone release in patients with chronic kidney disease without diabetes.
Biological activities of basil essential oil: a review of the current evidence

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Currently, natural products are being used as a therapeutic alternative in the treatment and prevention of several diseases due to their low toxicity and relevant pharmacological potential. Thus, we can highlight basil (Ocimum basilicum L), one of the most used aromatic plants worldwide. Therefore, we provide some current evidence and insight into the potential therapeutic effect of basil essential oil to expand the available knowledge. A narrative review was carried out by searching electronic databases, providing a comprehensive analysis of the literature, where it was possible to identify existing problems and gaps to facilitate future research on basil essential oil. The available literature on basil essential oil presents us with several important pharmacological activities, such as: antioxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic and diuretic properties, among others. However, further research must be carried out to increase knowledge about this plant with enormous potential and determine its effectiveness and use in clinical conditions.
Theoretical study of pressure dependence of transition temperature of In and Pb

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Recently proposed structured local pseudopotential (PP) by Fiolhais et al. has been successfully used to compute superconducting state parameters (SSP): electron-phonon coupling strength (λ), Coulomb pseudopotential (μ*), critical temperature (Tc), effective interaction strength (N0V), isotopic effect parameter (α) and their pressure dependence of non-transition metals In and Pb as a test case. Pressure dependence of the Debye temperature has been computed by Gruneisen model. Present results are in good agreement with experimental and other theoretical results. Present study has been further extended to estimate volume (critical volume) at which λ=μ*, where Tc and N0V becomes zero. The presently used model is found to be transferable at the extreme environment without any adjustment of parameters further alongwith its simplicity and predictivity.
Embodied Disease: Femininity, Domination, and De Sade

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This thesis offers a new reading of a libertine tradition that is continuously producing a poetics of the body, organizing itself around sexuality and disease. Previous scholarship has acknowledged the eighteenth-century trope of the diseased and sexualized woman as an effect of corruption, an effect of indulgence, and so on. However, I attend to the diseased woman as a formation by and through the material, as an effect of disease. I ask: what does it mean when disease becomes a vector between the hyper-sexualized female form and Enlightenment thought? In what follows, I connect the physical human body to Enlightenment philosophy via a materialist framework that compels an interdisciplinary focus on organic and inorganic embodiment. Through the works of John Wilmot, the Earl of Rochester, Marquis de Sade, and William Blake, I show how women are animated by the physical energy of disease. Namely, that this material matter, its persistence and vitality, becomes a way for women to participate in and pass along a form of violence typically enacted against them. Ultimately, by tying people together in nonproductive ways, I propose that venereal disease is a form of collective power that challenges Enlightenment attitudes about progress and self-preservation.
Identifying and managing ethical conflict in the gynecologist-patient relationship.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This paper applies the methods of ethics to the problem of differences between the gynecologist and patient about what is in the patient's interest. We develop a framework for clinical judgment and decision making about the ethical dimensions of the gynecologist-patient relationship. To achieve this goal we first define the fundamental principles of beneficence and respect for autonomy. We then show how these two principles interact in clinical judgment and decision making using common examples from gynecologic practice. We examine factors that influence the relative weight of these principles, including subject matter, probability of net medical benefit, availability of reasonable alternatives and ability of the patient to participate in the informed consent process.
[Incidence of influenza virus infection in black-headed gulls].

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Two strains of influenza A viruses were isolated in 1978 from tracheal washings of 18 nestlings of black-headed gulls examined for influenza. Three strains of influenza A viruses were isolated in 1979 from 55 gull embryos collected in the same colony, the isolates being similar in their antigenic characteristics with the influenza virus isolated from a gull nestling in 1978. This confirms the possibility of simultaneous circulation of antigenically different variants of influenza A virus among birds in the same colony and transoviral transmission of virus to the offsprings.
Knowledge and power: the role of the Big Four in the competitive disharmonization of global corporate tax avoidance regulations

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The Big Four professional services firms - PwC, Deloitte, KPMG and EY - are MNCs that exist to promote, sanction, and regularise the behaviour and practices of other MNCs. They act as reputational intermediaries that embody and enact informal industry norms and practices, and in so doing they potentially govern both other MNCs and governments. Sometimes they even seek to govern on behalf of them. Whether advising or acting as private governors, their services are neither purely technical nor neutral because as they serve the interests of MNCs, they also construct and enhance their legitimacy and discursive power. This chapter looks at their role in both facilitating, and discursively defending, global corporate tax avoidance, a major issue in recent years as MNCs use their ability to operate across multiple jurisdictions to take advantage of opportunities to reduce or eliminate their taxation obligations.
Board 81: Work-in-Progress: Building an Inclusive Faculty Community through the Teaching and Learning Academy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Faculty engagement and integration has been well recognized as a key factor in the development of a positive college culture and a productive teaching and learning environment. However, the independent nature of faculty work as well as the segmented institutional structure has led to the prevalence of academic silos. In addition, with the changing landscape and budgets of institutions of higher education, contract or temporary faculty are playing a more and more important role in undergraduate education. In the College of [college name] at XXX University, more than 50% of courses are taught by adjunct faculty, many of whom are working professionals in companies or government sectors. Clearly the work experience and expertise of the adjunct faculty is a great asset to the college, however, the lack of effective ways of integrating faculty into the college has presented a significant challenge to the establishment of an inclusive and supportive faculty community. In addition, bargaining unit rules make it difficult to require adjunct faculty to attend professional development meetings. To address this challenge, the College launched a Teaching and Learning (T&L) Academy in 2015 as a platform to bring all faculty together to share ideas and learn from each other. Originated as a one-day workshop to share best teaching practices within the college, the T&L Academy now has expanded to include a series of short, informal faculty learning community meetings called Teacher-Scholar Forums throughout the academic year. The content of the summer workshop is designed collaboratively with the Center of Effective Teaching and Learning (CETL), which organizes the University New Faculty Orientation. In the past three years, we have seen the growth of participation of faculty, both T/TT and adjunct faculty from different departments in the College. This Work-in-Progress paper presents the evolving process of the development of the ECST Teaching and Learning Academy, as well as its impact on faculty integration and engagement. Preliminary data including faculty participation and survey results on perceived value of the T&L Academy will be shared. We would prefer to present this WIP paper in poster format to allow engaged conversation. While we feel that sharing the practice of building a successful Teaching and Learning Academy benefits the broader community, we also expect to receive feedback to formulate a study to enhance faculty engagement and integration using this platform.
Incarcerated hernia in a trocar site following laparoscopic gastric bypass.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This paper reports a case of small bowel occlusion due to the herniation of an ileal ansa at the site of the insertion of a 12-mm trocar. A 28-year-old obese female patient underwent laparoscopic surgery for gastric bypass, the skin incisions of the trocar insertion sites were closed with absorbable sutures. Small bowel occlusion occurred on post-operative day 6 and the patient again underwent laparoscopic surgery. Laparoscopic exploration confirmed the suspected presence of the incarcerated hernia of an ileal ansa at the site of the trocar insertion which was freed without any need for bowel resection. The fascial defect was successfully closed under direct vision with the use of a special system of fascial sutures.
Clinical Significance of Morphological Inspection in the Early Diagnosis of Ocular Surface Infective Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective By Morphological examination,as soon as possible to understand the infective status.To help physician to indentify the species of infection before microorganisms culture results.Methods 2009,our hospital out-patient hospital and some ocular diseases were 151 separate specimens,while for bacterial smear and culture,fungal smear and culture,special specimens do amoeba under your doctor or chlamydia smears.Results Of 151 samples,88 cases of smear-positive specimens,the positive rate was 58.3%.Of which 48 cases of smear-positive bacteria,the positive rate of 31.8%,fungal smear positive in 51 cases,the positive rate of 33.8%.Bacterial smear-positive rate(31.8%) and bacterial culture was positive(28.5%) had no significant difference.Fungal smear positive rate(33.8%) and fungal culture was positive(25.8%) significant difference between.Conclusion Smears in early diagnosis of ocular surface disease plays a very important role,it can help a doctor as soon as possible to understand infectious pathogens,early medical guide rational drug use.
The shareholder value model

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The agency model makes the clear normative demand that corporate managers should maximise shareholder value, as expressed in the current share price, on the basis that by doing so they maximise the wealth of society. In line with this, it defines corporate governance narrowly, to refer to those legal (and other) mechanisms which constrain managerial discretion and require the pursuit of shareholder value. Anything which reduces accountability of managers to shareholders (or increases accountability of managers to other groups, which amounts to the same thing) is deemed inefficient. It is difficult to overstate the influence that the agency model has had on debate about corporate governance in the United States and the United Kingdom. However, its reception in continental Europe has been much more mixed, and although it has had a growing influence in debates about the orientation of regulation at the European level, its demands are not yet met by any positive, binding supranational instruments.
Photoisomerization of tri-tert-butylbenzenes. Photochemical interconversion of benzvalenes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoisomerization of tri-tert-butylbenzenes. Photochemical interconversion of benzvalenesIvan E. Den Besten, Louis Kaplan, and Kenneth E. WilzbachCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 21, 5868–5872Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1968https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01023a036Request reuse permissionsArticle Views96Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (589 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Managing sustainable tourism development : the case of Nusa Dua, Bali

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This case study of Nusa Dua, Bali explores how to manage an integrated beach resort in a sustainable manner. After an introduction, the report delves into the concept of sustainable tourism in its literature review by enlightening readers about the vast negative impacts of tourism, and the subsequent importance of good management of sustainable tourism development. Nusa Dua is singled out as a case study for evaluation, since it was hailed as a sustainable tourism destination in the past. The authors thus revisited this development to shed light on its progress. This is done by evaluating elements of sustainability through the use of indicators against benchmarks, in a comprehensive and holistic manner that spans across three broad areas of sustainability – environment, sociality, and economy. The authors relied on primary data through two field trips, as well as secondary data for this evaluation. Through this case study, it is hoped that the findings can give insight into how to manage future tourism developments in a sustainable manner.
Continuum Electronic Bound States in Rectangular Quantum Wells and Barriers

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present numerical calculations that support the existence of electronic states conflned in the continuous part of the spectrum in single rectangular quantum wells and barriers. We study the conditions necessary for the creation of these states. We flnd strong energetic and spatial localization of quasi-bound states at high energies in the conduction band. The results can be used in the design of optoelectronic devices that operate on the basis of continuum bound states.
HELENA: a new software for the design of MMICs

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

HELENA, a new software for device optimization and circuit design, is presented. This software provides for any kind of HEMT (high electron mobility transistor) the DC, AC, and noise properties in the centimeter and millimeter wave range. It is very fast, easy to use, and needs only a personal computer. This quasi-2-D modeling approach takes into account many physical phenomena that occur in submicrometer-gate FETs. A complete analysis of a device was carried out, and results are in a good agreement with measurements.< >
[The clinical results of right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction with a transannular patch of autologous pericardium].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The surgical technique of simultaneous enlargement of the pulmonary annulus and the pulmonary cusp with a transannular patch of autologous pericardium is a safe, reliable and effective way for RVOT reconstruction. However, further close follow-up is needed to determine the true value of this technique.
Surface Presentation of Shigella fexneri Invasion Plasmid Antigens Requires the Products of the spa Locus

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

An avirulent, invasion plasmid insertion mutant of Shigea flexneri 5 (pHS1059) was restored to the virulence phenotype by transformation with a partial HindUI library of the wild-type invasion plasmid constructed in pBR322. Western immunoblot analysis of pHS1059 whole-cell lysates revealed that the synthesis of the invasion plasmid antigens VirG, IpaA, IpaB, IpaC, and IpaD was similar to that seen in the corresponding isogenic S. feneri 5 virulent strain, M9OT. IpaB and IpaC, however, were not present on the surface of pHS1059 as was found in M9OT, suggesting that the transport or presentation of the IpaB and IpaC proteins onto the bacterial surface was defective in the mutant. pHS1059 was complemented by pWR266, which carried contiguous 1.2- and 4.1-kb HinduI fragments of the invasion plasmid. pHS1059(pWR266) cells were positive in the HeLa cell invasion assay as well as colony immunoblot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, using monoclonal antibodies to IpaB and IpaC. These studies established that the antigens were expressed on the surface of the transformed bacteria. In addition, water extraction of pHS1059 and pHS1059(pWR266) whole cells, which can be used to remove IpaB and IpaC antigens from the surface of wild-type M90T bacteria, yielded significant amounts of these antigens from pHS1059(pWR266) but not from pHS1059. Miniceli and DNA sequence analysis indicated that several proteins were encoded by pWR266, comprising the spa loci, which were mapped to a region approximately 18 kb upstream of the ipaBCDAR gene cluster. Subcloning and deletion