jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Intraepithelial prostatic neoplasia].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

44 patients seeked medical advice for low urinary symptoms. Their examination consisted of digital rectal investigation, test for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the serum, transurethral ultrasonic investigation, fine needle multifocal biopsy of the prostate. Three groups were identified by the PSA levels. 7 patients of group 1 had PSA up to 6 ng/ml. Cancer was diagnosed in 3 of them, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) in 4 patients. 16 patients of group 2 had PSA within 7-10 ng/ml. In this group only 1 patient had cancer, the rest 15 had PIN. 21 patients of group 3 with PSA at least 10 ng/ml had cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, PIN (12, 2 and 7 patients, respectively). 3 patients with high-grade PIN and PSA above 10 ng/ml in 6 months were diagnosed to have adenocarcinoma, in 6 such patients signs of dysplasia disappeared after antiandrogenic therapy. Further investigations on diagnosis and treatment of PIN are desirable.
A Fluorescent Probe for Hydrazine Based on Synergistic Effect and Its Utilization in Cell Imaging

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Hydrazine is an important raw material and catalyst in chemical industry.However, hydrazine is very harmful to human organs.A new type of probe was developed based on the synergistic effect.Two recognition sites were introduced into the probe to improve performance to hydrazine, which has good specificity to hydrazine.The limit of detection (LOD) for N 2 H 4 was 0.05～10.0µmol•L -1 .Moreover, the probe could detect N 2 H 4 in BT-474 cells.Keywords hydrazine; synergistic effect; cell imaging; fluorescent probe 肼的高还原性使其在医药、化工等领域得到了广泛 的应用 [1] .肼有较高的燃烧热, 是一种有用的航空航天 推进剂 [2] .然而, 肼对人体内脏有严重损伤作用, 对人 体神经系统产生损伤 [3] .动物实验证明, 肼还具有遗传 毒性.美国环境保护署(EPA)规定饮用水中肼的含量应 低于 0.312 μmol•L -1 [4] .因此, 开发一种有效可靠的检测 肼的方法是十分必要的.许多经典的方法已用于肼的检测, 如气相色谱法、 电化学方法和紫外光谱法等.然而, 这些方法存在操作 复杂及耗时等缺点 [5～7] .与之相比, 荧光法具有灵敏度 高和操作简单等优点.根据识别点, 我们可以将肼探针 分为乙酸酯类 [8～10] 、醛类 [11～13] 、氰基乙烯类 [14～16] 、邻 苯二甲酰亚胺类 [17,18] 、4-溴丁酸酯类 [19～21] 、乙酰丙酸酯 类 [22～23] 、β-二酮类 [24,25] 、α,β-不饱和羰基几类 [26～28] 等 [29～32] .
Thermal extraction for organic-matter containing materials to answer questions both on Earth and in Space

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The role of heat in the generation of petroleum has led to the study of organic matter-containing rocks by laboratory heating techniques. In particular, heat is used for the thermal extraction of organic matter in preparation for characterization by a range of detectors. Recently, thermal extraction has been used to answer certain planetary science questions such as the history of habitability for planets in the solar system and the search for evidence of life outside the Earth. The development of new thermal extraction protocols for challenging planetary science objectives provides methods that are readily translatable back to petroleum activities and include new shale screening and assessment techniques.
Organic carbon stocks in topsoil and subsoil in long-term ley and cereal monoculture rotations

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Soil organic C (SOC) in agricultural soils is affected by cropping system. In order to compare the impact of ley-dominated and cereal monoculture rotations on soil properties, a series of experiments was started in Sweden in the early 1980s. This study quantified the effect of rotations and N fertilisation on SOC stocks and microbial community composition. After 35 years, soil samples taken down to 50-cm depth at two sites with contrasting soil texture (clay and loam) were analysed for soil C and N, bulk density and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) content. Significant increases in SOC concentrations and stocks were found in the ley-dominated rotation compared with the cereal monoculture rotation, the difference being 0.36 and 0.59 Mg C ha−1 year−1 in the topsoil (0–20 cm) for sites with the clay and loam texture, respectively, in average over N fertiliser levels. Nitrogen fertilisation increased SOC stocks significantly in the cereal monoculture, but not in the ley-dominated rotation. In the loam, SOC responses in the subsoil were almost as high as those in the topsoil, but they were insignificant in the clay soil. These results indicate that soil texture and structure can have a great impact on the potential of subsoils to sequester C, which requires attention when scaling up SOC sequestration rates for regional or global assessments.
The Effect of Cyberspace-Based Education on the Well-Being of Caregivers of Elderly People with Dementia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: One of the consequences of aging is the prevalence of chronic and age-related diseases, such as dementia. Caring for patients with dementia has a negative impact on the caregiver's well-being. This study aimed to examine the impact of cyberspace-based education on the well-being of caregivers of demented elderly people. Methods: This experimental study was done on a sample of 86 caregivers of the elderly with dementia in 2018. The study sample was selected from the memory clinic of Taleghani Hospital and randomly assigned into groups (intervention n = 43, control n = 43 groups). The well-being was measured using the World Health Organization - Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) before and two months after the intervention. The cyberspace-based educational intervention was conducted for one month. The SPSS software version 23 was employed in data analysis. Results: The mean age of the caregivers in the intervention and control groups were M = 51.95, SD = 10.90 and M = 51.36, SD = 15.12 respectively. No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of age, gender, and level of education. The results of the analysis showed that while the well-being of the intervention group was significantly increased (t (38) = -11.38, P<0.001), the well-being in the control group was significantly reduced (t(36) =4.71, P<0.001). Conclusion: The findings showed that cyberspace-based education could improve the well-being of caregivers of the elderly with dementia.
The arts in teaching: An investigation of factors influencing teachers' use of the arts in the classroom

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Research in learning, creativity, and intelligence over the past decade has spurred new approaches to integrate the arts into classroom instruction. As a result the arts have increasingly been included in professional development programs for teachers. At the same time, intense national focus on high-stakes testing challenges teachers to reconcile creative and prescriptive curriculum and pedagogy. Little is known, however, about teachers' perspectives on the arts in the curriculum, their personal experience and attitudes towards the arts, and the impact of arts-based professional development on teaching practices. ^ This study combined quantitative and qualitative research methods to examine attitudes of teachers and to discover the primary motivations and concerns of teachers related to arts use in teaching. Data were collected from 423 teachers in grades K–12, representing 97 schools in five regions of the country and analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, hierarchical multiple regression and qualitative analyses. ^ The results indicated that teachers believe the arts are important in education but use them rarely. Teachers' strongest motivation to use the arts was the diversity of student needs and the benefits of the arts for students. Lack of training and time were the most powerful constraints to arts use. Teachers' self-efficacy and self-image relating to creativity and artistry were more influential in art use than any other personal characteristic. Primary grade teachers used the arts most frequently and women were slightly more likely than men to use the arts in the classroom. Surprisingly, prior arts instruction, current artistic practice, and years of teaching experience were not significant predictors of arts use. Overall, the predictors in the regression model explained 39% of the variation in self-reported arts use, indicating a large effect size. ^ Factor analysis revealed four attitude factors related to arts use: importance of the arts, self-efficacy and self-image, support, and constraints. Teachers regarded the arts as a singular concept as opposed to separate art forms, each with specific skills and activities. These results suggest that professional development experiences can make a difference in arts use in teaching, regardless of the level of past background or current artistic involvement of the teacher. ^
Regulation of C-Reactive Protein, Haptoglobin, and Hemopexin Gene Expression

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

C-Reactive Protein is present in the blood of normal individuals in trace amounts, but its concentration rises to more than 300 mg/l soon after the onset of inflammation, and then returns to a low basal level after the inflammatory stimulus is removed. The study of acute phase response has attracted substantial interest not only for its medical implications, but also because it provides an excellent system with which to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in the modulation of gene expression. Hemopexin is a heme-binding plasma glycoprotein composed of a single 439-amino acid-long polypeptide chain. The proteins were then transferred onto nitrocellulose and probed with a 1:100 dilution of anti-tag antibody. Antigenantibody complexes were then detected by use of alkaline phosphatase-coupled goat antimice antibodies. Immunofluorescence staining was performed on cells grown on coverslips and transfected with 2.5 μg of recombinant plasmid.
An investigation into the nature of a viable pentecostal hermeneutic

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Current pentecostal scholarship is attempting to articulate pentecostal theological distinctives. \nFor hermeneutics, this involves both a descriptive and a prescriptive approach to the use of the \nBible. The descriptive approach appraises the historical roots of pentecostalism, which include the \nWesleyan I Holiness movement, the radical Reformation, Tertullian and Montanism, and \nearliest charismatic communities. These understood Christian Scripture as guidelines to a Way \nof behaviour and testimony, rather than a source-book of doctrine. This 'alternative history' \nexperienced the Enlightenment on a different level to protestantism and fundamentalism. Many \nof the concerns of historical church theology and hermeneutics during the last centuries are thus \nnot always shared by pentecostals. The choice is: articulate a distinctive pentecostal \nhermeneutic, or 'borrow' from non-pentecostal theology. \nThe prescriptive approach first investigates some of the latter options: some identify closely \nwith conservative evangelical hermeneutics. Others prefer the political hermeneutic of the \nsocio-political contextual theologies. The burgeoning Faith Movement has influenced many \npentecostals. Some pentecostal scholars show interest in 'post-modern' literary theory. \nA viable pentecostal hermeneutic might be prescribed as follows: It respects the demands of \nscientific method, not ignoring the concerns of contemporary hermeneutical philosophy and \nliterary theory. It highlights specifically pentecostal concerns: the teleology of any encounter \nwith the text; historical continuity with the early church groups; implementation, demonstration and realisation of the literal intent of the text; the role of biblical narrative in defining \nexperience of God; and the authority granted ongoing revelation via the charismata in the light of the canon. \nApplication of a pentecostal hermeneutic would emphasise an holistic understanding of \nScripture, the crucial role of the charismatic community, awareness of issues in the ongoing \nhermeneutical debate, and the need for the interpreter's personal ongoing charismatic \nexperience. In a distinctively pentecostal exegesis of 1 Corinthians 14 prophecy is discussed \nas normal liturgical activity, as a confrontation of outsiders and unbelievers, in terms of its \nregulation, and in the light of spiritual discernment
Inconsistent outcome reporting in large neonatal trials: a systematic review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Inconsistent outcome selection and reporting in clinical trials are important sources of research waste; it is not known how common this problem is in neonatal trials. Our objective was to determine whether large clinical trials involving infants receiving neonatal care report a consistent set of outcomes, how composite outcomes are used and whether parents or former patients were involved in outcome selection. Design A literature search of CENTRAL, CINAHL, EMBASE and MEDLINE was conducted; randomised trials published between 1 July 2012 and 1 July 2017 and involving at least 100 infants in each arm were included. Outcomes and outcome measures were extracted and categorised by physiological system; reported former patient and parent involvement in outcome selection was extracted. Results Seventy-six trials involving 43 126 infants were identified; 216 different outcomes with 889 different outcome measures were reported. Outcome reporting covered all physiological systems but was variable between individual trials: only 67/76 (88%) of trials reported survival and 639 outcome measures were only reported in a single trial. Thirty-three composite outcomes were used in 41 trials. No trials reported former patient or parent involvement in outcome selection. Conclusions Inconsistent outcome reporting and a lack of parent and former patient involvement in outcome selection in neonatal clinical trials limits the ability of such trials to answer clinically meaningful questions. Developing and implementing a core outcome set for future neonatal trials, with input from all stakeholders, should address these issues.
A Note on Pcodes of Partial Words

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we study partial words in relation with pcodes, compatibility, and containment. First, we introduce C⊂(L), the set of all partial words contained by elements of L, and C⊃(L), the set of all partial words containing elements of L, for a set L of partial words. We discuss the relation between C(L), the set of all partial words compatible with elements of the set L, C⊂(L), and C⊃(L). Next, we consider the condition for C(L), C⊂(L), and C⊃(L) to be a pcode when L is a pcode. Furthermore, we introduce some classes of pcodes. An infix pcode and a comma-free pcode are defined, and the inclusion relation among these classes is established.
THE MAIN CHARACTER INNER CONFLICT ELEMENT IN DRAMA MANUSCRIPT NYANYIAN ANGSA CREATION BY ANTON CHEKOV AND THE IMPLICATIONS TOWARD LITERATURE TEACHING

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract: The inner conflict element which happen to main character in the drama script nyanyian angsa creation by Anton Chekov. The research method which using for analysis the script is qualitative method that description analysis. Research focus internal conflict element in drama script nyanyian angsa creation by Anton Chekov with subject focus element Id >< Ego, Id >< Eros and Superego >< Thanatos. The research instruments analyze scene that have an element of inner conflict in the script nyanyian angsa creation by Anton Chekov. To get the results the writer using presentation table from the element of inner conflict that accumulated. The impact of implications for students, the students must be directly involved actively in literary learning activities that is drama script in the school. The student also required to understand the contents of the drama script very well. To improve literature learning that is drama script, students must improve own learning method outside of school hours, for example be part of theatre extracurricular activities. This is intended so that the ability of students can be channel properly. Key words: inner conflict, drama script, literature teaching.
Factors Influencing Mathematic Problem-Solving Ability of Sixth Grade Students

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Problem statement: This study aims to investigate factors influencing mathematic problem-solving ability of sixth grade students. One thousand and twenty eight of sixth grade students, studying in the second semester of academic year 2007 were sampled by stratified random sampling technique. Approach: The research instruments used in the study included mathematic problem-solving ability test and questionnaires. Data was analyzed by Path Analysis. Results: Factors influencing mathematic problem-solving ability were represented as following: (1) direct factors influencing mathematic problem-solving ability were described that direct and indirect factors influencing mathematic problem-solving ability were attitude towards mathematics, self-esteem and teachers’ teaching behavior. Indirect factors influencing mathematic problem-solving ability were motivation and self-efficacy (2) factor models influencing mathematic problem-solving ability of sixth grade students was associated with visual data (3) The developed model could describe variance of skill in mathematic problem-solving at 63.00 % (R2 = 0.63). Conclusion: Teacher’s behaviors took both direct and indirect effects on the students’ mathematic problem solving. The teachers are supposed to study the methods to develop this ability deeply and then bring them to manage the activities in class that encourage students to be enthusiastic to learn and have good attitude toward mathematic learning or to get students’ concentration.
STUDY ON THE STEREOSELECTIVITY OF THE IMMOBILIZED LEPASE IN MICROEMULSION- BASED GELS

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The stereoselectivity of the lipase in microemulsion - based gels was briefly characterized using a stereoselec-tive esterification reaction between racemic ibuprofen and n - octanol as indicator reaction. A chiral HPLC method was used to determine conversion and enantiomeric excess of the stereoselective esterification reaction in organic solvent. Results showed that the stereoselectivity of the lipase in microemulsion - based gels was good. At low conversion, the S - isomer of ibuprofen n - octyl ester could be obtained with high enantiomeric excess.
Tetrahedral intermediates formed during the nucleophilic addition‐elimination reaction of carbonyl‐containing compounds in the gas phase. Part II

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The structures of adduct ions formed between the nucleophiles HO − and CH 3 O − and various carbonyl compounds, such as aldehydes, esters and amides, have been probed in the gas phase by studying their proton affinity, collision‐induced dissociation pathways and chemical reactivity, using Fourier‐Transform Ion‐Cyclotron‐Resonance (FT‐ICR) Mass Spectrometry. Most of the generated adduct ions are shown to have stable, often proton‐bound, loosely associated structures as well as stable, covalently bound, tetrahedral structures.
On a collection of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the southwest coast of Florida, USA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Family Incertae Sedis Genus and species indeterminate Fig. 8d Material examined. Southwest Florida Shelf, outer shelf northwest of the Dry Tortugas, 25°16.83’N, 83°57.35’W, 127 m, on Lafoea coalescens, 03 August 1981, triangle dredge, one pedicel and hydranth, 0.5 mm high, without gonophores, coll. Continental Shelf Associates, ROMIZ B4355. Remarks. This material has been treated as unidentifiable in having a somewhat damaged hydrotheca, a single pedicel, a short length of stolon, and few distinguishing characters. Eucuspidella pedunculata Allman, 1877, originally described from a depth of 260 fathoms (475 m) off Tortugas, was considered but ruled out as a possibility. Hydrothecae of that species are fusiform rather than tapered towards the base, as in this hydroid, and hydranth pedicels are shown in the original account by Allman (1877) to be smooth throughout rather than being annulated at the base. While also resembling certain species of Egmundella Stechow, 1921b, no nematophores were observed as in that genus. The operculum of this miniscule hydroid (0.5 mm high) was indistinctly demarcated from the hydrothecal rim. Crease lines at the intersection of the two structures were invisible in lateral view, although they were seen in apical view. Meanwhile, a thin line observed at the base of a hydranth remnant may have marked the location of a thin diaphragm. The specimen is illustrated (Fig. 8d) for possible future reference.
A prospective study of the effect of alcohol consumption and ADH3 genotype on plasma steroid hormone levels and breast cancer risk.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

One suggested mechanism underlying the positive association between alcohol consumption and breast cancer risk is an influence of alcohol on steroid hormone levels. A polymorphism in alcohol dehydrogenase type 3 (ADH3) affects the kinetics of alcohol oxidation and thereby could influence the effect of alcohol consumption on hormone levels. We investigated the ADH3 polymorphism, alcohol intake, and risk of breast cancer in a nested case-control study. Among women in the Nurses' Health Study who gave a blood sample in 1989-1990, 465 incident breast cancer cases were diagnosed before June 1994 and were matched to 621 controls. Using conditional logistic regression, we calculated relative risks and confidence intervals to assess breast cancer risk for ADH3 genotype. Among postmenopausal controls not using hormones at time of blood collection, partial Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the association between alcohol intake and plasma hormone levels according to ADH3 genotype. No association was observed between ADH3 genotype and overall breast cancer risk (relative risk = 0.9 for slow oxidizers compared with fast; 95% confidence interval = 0.6-1.3). Among postmenopausal women, ADH3 genotype did not modify the weak association observed between alcohol intake and breast cancer risk (P for interaction = 0.45). Statistically significant trends in the relationship between alcohol consumption and hormone level dependent on oxidative capacity (ADH3 genotype) were observed for dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and sex hormone-binding globulin (P < 0.05). These data suggest that the ADH3 polymorphism modestly influences the response of some plasma hormones to alcohol consumption but is not independently associated with breast cancer risk and does not modify the association between alcohol and breast cancer risk.