jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Suppression of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme expression in rats by acriflavine, a protein kinase C inhibitor. Effects on epoxide hydrolase, glutathione S-transferases, and cytochromes p450.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The effects of acriflavine (ACF), a protein kinase C inhibitor, on the expression of hepatic microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), and cytochrome P450 (P450) were assessed in rat hepatic tissue. Northern blot analysis revealed that treatment of rats with thiazole, allyl disulfide (ADS), oltipraz, or clotrimazole at a single dose of 100 mg/kg resulted in 7-18-fold increases in mEH mRNA levels at 24 hr, whereas concomitant ACF treatment (20 mg/kg, im) caused 50-95% inhibition of the chemical-induced increases in hepatic mEH mRNA levels. rGSTA2, rGSTA3, and rGSTM1 mRNA levels were also significantly suppressed at 24 hr in response to a single dose of ACF (20 mg/kg, im). Animals treated with both ACF and ADS showed complete blockage of mEH and GST gene expression as early as 12 hr after treatment. ADS-inducible increases in mEH and rGSTA2 mRNA levels were suppressed at 24 hr after treatment with ACF, in a dose-related manner, with 50% inhibitory dose (ID50) values of 2.0-2.3 mg/kg, whereas glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA levels were not altered. Immunoblot analysis revealed that ACF (15 mg/kg/day, im, for 3 days) inhibited induction of mEH or rGSTA2 protein by ADS (100 mg/kg/day, po, for 3 days). The levels of hepatic P450 2B1/2, P450 2C11, and P450 3A1/2 were decreased in rats treated with ACF (15 mg/kg/day, im, for 3 days), whereas P450 1A2 and P450 2E1 expression was not affected. Treatment of rats with ACF in combination with gadolinium chloride, which inhibits mEH and GST expression through calcium channel blocking, shifted the dose-inhibitory response curves for ACF to the left, with 7-15-fold decreases in the ID50 values, indicating that the active site for ACF for suppression of mEH and GST mRNA levels differs from that for gadolinium chloride. Proflavine and safranine O, which are structurally related to ACF, also caused suppression of ADS-induced increases in mRNA levels, in a dose-dependent manner, with ID50 values of 4-9 mg/kg. These results demonstrate that ACF and its related compounds effectively suppress the expression of a battery of hepatic xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, including mEH, GSTs, and certain P450 forms.
Morphometric and productive characteristics of sorghum genotypes for forage production in the Brazilian semi-arid

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY This study agronomically evaluated 14 sorghum genotypes in the Brazilian semi-arid region. A randomized complete block design, with the treatments represented by sorghum genotypes and three replicates, was used. The dry matter (DM), plant height (PH), number of live leaves, fresh matter production (FMP), dry matter production (DMP), leaf blade (LB), stem, panicle (PAN), dead material, water accumulation (WA), efficiency of rainwater use (ERU) and carrying capacity (SC) were measured. There was an effect of genotype among all the variables. The genotype with the highest percentage of DM was BRS 655 (26.42%). The genotypes BRS 655, BRS 506, B1141340, 13F04 (1141572) and PONTA NEGRA produced the most FMP, with values of 48,517, 48,500, 44,879, 44,788 and 43,549 kg/ha, respectively. Not only did the genotypes BRS 655, B1141340, 13F04 (1141572), BRS 506 and PONTA NEGRA present the highest DMP, with values of 12,426, 10,344, 9,778, 9,756 and 9,176 kg/ha, respectively, but also the highest values for ERU, WA and SC. There was a significant positive correlation between productive variables (FMP with DMP, PH, ERU and WA) and a nonsignificant negative correlation between morphometric variables (FMP with LB and PAN). A hierarchical formation of four groups was observed, with groups I and III composed of the most productive genotypes. BRS 655 can be recommended for cultivation since this genotype has desirable agronomic characteristics.
Mapping Loops of multimedia algorithms for Coarse-grained reconfigurable architectures

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Architectures (CGRAs) are widely used as coprocessors to accelerate data-intensive applications. However, the parallelization of sequential programs and the optimization of critical loops are still challenging issues, since the access delay introduced by the massive memory accesses contained in those loops has become the bottleneck of CGRA's performance. In this paper we focus on the parallel optimization of applications by considering the critical loops mapping under the CGRA's resource constraints. We first propose a novel approach to parallelize loops by multi-level tilling. Then a genetic algorithm is introduced to schedule tiled loops with memory-aware object functions. Data locality and communication cost are optimized during the parallel processing as well. Experimental results show that our approach can generate more effective parallel tasks to improve the data locality and load-balanced execution, while obtains 9.6% better speedup compared with the memory-unaware parallel processing.
Adherence of Haemophilus somnus to tumor necrosis factor-alpha-stimulated bovine endothelial cells in culture.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Vascular thrombosis and tissue infarction is a principal lesion in Haemophilus somnus septicemia known also as thrombotic meningoencephalitis. This study was undertaken to examine whether tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) can influence the adherence of H. somnus to cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). Confluent BAEC were exposed to 0-100 nM of human recombinant TNF-alpha for 12-48 h. Suspensions of different strains of H. somnus (approximately 1.5-3 x 10(8) labelled with [methyl-3H]-thymidine, were added to BAEC and incubated for 1.5 h. Initial studies with one pathogenic (P) strain and one non-pathogenic (NP) strain revealed that both strains adhered to normal endothelial cells but minimally to subendothelial matrix remaining after removal of BAEC. Adherence to BAEC was reduced by an excess of unlabelled H. somnus of the same strain. Adherence was enhanced for both strains by exposure of BAEC to TNF-alpha in a manner that increased with TNF-alpha concentration and with duration of exposure to TNF-alpha prior to addition of bacteria. A survey of adherence of six live P strains and six NP strains demonstrated considerable variation but no difference in adherence between P and NP strains to normal or to TNF-alpha-stimulated BAEC. However, TNF-alpha consistently increased adhesion of each strain to BAEC. Both P and NP strains caused more severe cytotoxic changes in TNF-alpha-treated BAEC. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha also increased adhesion of formalin-killed bacteria of P and NP strains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sorry John--try again next year.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The new legislation affecting foreign medical graduates has placed several obstacles in the path of potential visitors and immigrants to the United States. Now that there is no longer a shortage of doctors in the USA the need for these new laws is clear, but their implementation has been hasty and has allowed no time for planned transition. If further modifications are made, which may well happen, every effort should be made to disseminate information about new requirements as widely and rapidly as possible.
Study on the Electrochemical Extraction of Oxygen and Influence Factors of Oxygen Purity

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A method for the electrochemical extraction of oxygen is prasented.The concentration of HO2-ions and the purity of oxygen were measured by KMnO4 standard method,and by cuprammonium absorb method respectively.Effect of the membrane and the spacing between cathode and anode on the purity of oxygen were also tested.The experiment results were showed that the system could work continuously above 500h and the purity of oxygen was above 99.8% when using proper membrane at 80 mA·cm-2 current density,Electrochemical reaction included 4e reacting course and 2e reacting course,the ratio of 2e reaction is about 38%~44% of the whole reaction.
Solar wind fluctuations and the von Karman–Howarth equations: The role of fourth-order correlations

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The von Kármán-Howarth (vKH) hierarchy of equations relate the second-order correlations of the turbulent fluctuations to the third-order ones, the third-order to the fourth-order, and so on. We recently demonstrated [1] that for MHD, self-similar solutions to the vKH equations seem to require at least two independent similarity lengthscales (one for each Elsässer energy), so that compared to hydrodynamics a richer set of behaviors seems likely to ensue. Moreover, despite the well-known anisotropy of MHD turbulence with a mean magnetic field (B₀), the equation for the second-order correlation does not contain explicit dependence on B₀. We show that there is, however, implicit dependence on B₀ via the third-order correlations, which themselves have both explicit B₀-dependence and also their own implicit dependence through fourth-order correlations. Some subtleties and consequences of this implicit-explicit balance are summarized here. In addition, we present an analysis of simulation results showing that the evolution of turbulence can depend strongly on the initial fourth-order correlations of the system. This leads to considerable variation in the energy dissipation rates. Some associated consequences for MHD turbulence are discussed.
A universal random test generator for functional verification of microprocessors and system-on-chip

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a universal random test generator template for the design verification of microprocessors and system-on-chips (SOCs). The tool enables verification of the product in one continuous, integrated environment, from C model to behavioral RTL and gate to system-level integration, all in one self-contained chassis. Due to complexity of large designs, it has been a common practice to rely on the power of randomization, to bless us with the humanly not-conceivable corner cases that can arise in reality. There are lots of common features shared by random tools used for testing products with diverse functionalities. This paper proposes a template which captures the commonalities among the different random testing tools and enables the user to quickly design a random test generator by adding product-specific details and using most of the methods available in the template. This leads to high degree of code reuse, less debugging of the random tool and huge reduction in design-cycle time. In addition the template provides enough flexibility and interfaces to enable the execution of the generated tests on targets which may be a C model, RTL or the final chip. By this, one may test a software component, say a bootup code for the system-on-chip or microprocessor at all stages of its design, namely, the software prototype, the RTL at the pre-silicon level and finally the chip, at a post-silicon level. This satisfies the expectations out of a verification platform for a hardware-software codesign environment. The random test generator template was employed for testing a x86-compatible microprocessor both at RTL and post-silicon stage and a software model of a 802.11 MAC. The results are presented in the paper.
IMPAIRED FFA OXIDATION AND INCREASED TRIACYLGLYCEROL SYNTHESIS IN CONTRACTING SOLEUS MUSCLE IN OBESE ZUCKER RATS.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

1369 We examined the effect of obesity on the synthesis and degradation of muscle lipid pools (TG, triacylglycerol; DG, diacylglycerol; MG, monoacylglycerol; PL, phospholipid) and exogenous palmitate oxidation, in resting and contracting soleus muscles. Isolated soleus strips from 10 lean (162 ± 2 g) and 10 obese (250 ± 7 g) Zucker rats were incubated in Kreb's-Henseleit buffer (4% BSA, 2 mM pyruvate, 1.0 mM palmitic acid), using the previously defined pulse-chase procedure. Lipid metabolism was monitored either at rest (60 min) or during electrically induced contraction (20 tetani per min, 30 min). Plasma FFA, TG and insulin concentrations were significantly elevated in the obese rats. At rest, incorporation of palmitate into PL was significantly lower in the obese condition (0.6 vs. 1.0 nmol/min/g). Palmitate esterification into TG tended to be greater in the obese condition (4.7 vs. 4.2 nmol/g/min), but this difference was not significant (p=0.26). Degradation of the lipid pools at rest was unaffected by obesity. During contraction, palmitate oxidation and incorporation into all lipid pools was significantly increased. However, during contraction in the obese state, there was a repartitioning of palmitate towards storage in TG (5.9 vs. 4.8 nmol/g/min), and away from oxidation (5.5 vs. 9.4 nmol/g/min). Triacylglycerol degradation was significantly increased with contraction in muscle from both lean and obese rats, but this increase was blunted by 38% in the obese condition. In summary, in contracting oxidative muscle, obesity decreases palmitate oxidation, and increases TG storage by increasing esterification and decreasing hydrolysis. Supported by the NSERC of Canada.
Translation as politics : the German library in Hebrew

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Translation of books from German into Hebrew began in the late eighteenth century and was motivated not only by aesthetic reasons and the will to enrich the target literature. Throughout the years, the selection of German repertoire had also a political undercurrent and was related to the project of nation building and the creation of the new state. The initial years (1780–1880) saw the project to establish a secular Hebrew bookshelf, modeled on the benchmarks provided by German literature. The expansion years (1881–1932) and the will to provide the younger generation with daily access to Hebrew motivated a sharp rise in the translations of children’s books. In the following period (1933–1947), dominated by antifascist efforts, the massive project of translating works authored by German Jews became a political statement. In the formative years of the state (1948–1969), when Holocaust survivors constituted a significant segment of the Israeli society, the relations with the Federal Republic of Germany remained tense. Thus, the translations from German into Hebrew were limited to reprints and new translations of titles that had already been published. New critical writings by the younger generation of authors also enjoyed some attention. The 1970s and 1980s saw a significant change, with an increase in new translations of both highbrow and lowbrow literature. Literature referring to the period of Nazism still enjoyed a particular attention. The corpus built from 1990 onward suggests normalization in the attitude toward German culture, representing a range of subjects, with a special emphasis on contemporary children’s literature and highbrow literature.
The 3' to 5' Exoribonuclease DIS3: From Structure and Mechanisms to Biological Functions and Role in Human Disease

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

DIS3 is a conserved exoribonuclease and catalytic subunit of the exosome, a protein complex involved in the 3' to 5' degradation and processing of both nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA species. Recently, aberrant expression of DIS3 has been found to be implicated in a range of different cancers. Perhaps most striking is the finding that DIS3 is recurrently mutated in 11% of multiple myeloma patients. Much work has been done to elucidate the structural and biochemical characteristics of DIS3, including the mechanistic details of its role as an effector of RNA decay pathways. Nevertheless, we do not understand how DIS3 mutations can lead to cancer. There are a number of studies that pertain to the function of DIS3 at the organismal level. Mutant phenotypes in S. pombe, S. cerevisiae and Drosophila suggest DIS3 homologues have a common role in cell-cycle progression and microtubule assembly. DIS3 has also recently been implicated in antibody diversification of mouse B-cells. This article aims to review current knowledge of the structure, mechanisms and functions of DIS3 as well as highlighting the genetic patterns observed within myeloma patients, in order to yield insight into the putative role of DIS3 mutations in oncogenesis.
YIELD-BASED LEAF AND SOIL-TEST INTERPRETATIONS FOR NAGPUR MANDARIN IN CENTRAL INDIA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Nutrient constraint based fertilizer schedule, following the leaf analysis in citrus orchards, is still not a common practice in India, due to absence of suitable leaf nutrient standards. An intensive survey of Nagpur mandarin orchards representing 17,799 ha (178 sq. Km) area in the hot sub-humid tropical climate of Central India, was carried out during 1992–98 to define nutritional problems and delineate optimum leaf nutrients level in relation to fruit yield of Nagpur mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco). Five to seven month old leaf samples between 2nd to 4th leaf positions from non-fruiting shoots and soil samples at 0–20 cm depth from 110–125 cm depth trunk, were collected, besides recording yield data. The leaf analysis values were observed better correlated with fruit yield in quadratic form than soil analysis except calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). The optimum leaf nutrients concentration was determined as 2.2–2.4% nitrogen (N), 0.07–0.11% phosphorus (P), 1.2–1.6% potassium (K), 1.3–1.5% Ca, 0.48–0.67% Mg, 110–132 ppm iron (Fe), 29–43 ppm manganese (Mn), 8–14 ppm copper (Cu), and 18–30 ppm zinc (Zn) through multivariate quadratic correlation and regression analysis to obtain 636–703 fruits/tree. Based on above index values, N, K, Zn, Cu, and P were diagnosed as major nutrient constraints in mandarin orchards of Central India. These nutrients should be a part of fertilizer management.
Mesophases of Alkylammonium Salts. I. First-Order Transitions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Thermal properties of symmetric tetra-n-alkylammonium salts are interpreted based on the concept of conformational motion and disorder (condis crystals). A special effort is made to separate the well-known plastic crystalline states for the lower homologs of this series from the condis state. New transition parameters for (C2H5)4NBr, (C3H7)4NBr, (C8H17)4NBr, (C10H21)4NBr, (C12H25)4NBr, (C12H25)4NI, (C16H33)4NBr, and (C18H37)4NBr are added to data in the literature. Three groups of compounds displaying distinct behavior are found: A) Short-chain tetra-n-alkylammonium salts do not melt nor disorder conformationally, they transform to plastic crystals at a single disordering transition, followed by sublimation or decomposition. B) Long-chain tetraalkylammonium salts show conformational disorder and motion before fusion and do not exhibit a plastic crystalline phase. C) In the intermediate alkyl-chain lengths both plastic and condis crystals may exist, not all phases are, however, equilibrium phases.
Fathers' experiences of raising a child with type 1 diabetes

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

There is limited qualitative research investigating fathers’ experiences of raising a child with type 1 diabetes (T1D), even though the literature has reported that a diagnosis of T1D can be life-changing and traumatic for parents, and that fathers play a role in child outcomes. Therefore, it is important for both fathers’ and their child’s health and wellbeing, that fathers’ experiences are considered. The aim of the current study is to explore fathers’ experiences of raising a child with T1D, with a focus on understanding these experiences through masculinity, fatherhood and men’s mental health. Online blogs authored by fathers of children with T1D were used for data collection. Nine father’s blogs were identified and relevant blog posts pertaining to experiences raising a child with T1D were thematically analysed. The findings suggested that fathers experience ongoing psychological distress and identified some of the ways in which they manage these feelings. This was through having active involvement in T1D-related activities to raise awareness and support finding a cure, and connecting with others who share the experience of T1D. Within T1D healthcare, clinicians should ensure they are exploring fathers’ mental health needs and offer support where required, whilst considering the differences in how men may present with psychological distress and the influences of masculinity on the reporting of distress. Clinicians should make fathers aware of local T1D organisations and charities that they can become involved in, and provide information on ways that they can connect with others with T1D, both online and face-to-face. Future research could explore developing targeted interventions for fathers focussed on aspects of these findings, and evaluate the outcomes on fathers’ mental health and their child’s health.
An Application of Deceleration Test Methods to the Determination of Induction-Motor Performance

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

RETARDATION tests have been used by industry for a long time. They have found their main applications in the determination of certain machine losses, usually friction and windage and core loss. The machines to which these methods have been applied have ordinarily had large mass and low rotational losses with the result that a considerable time would elapse between the time the power was shut off and the time the machine would come to rest. By proper selection of equipment and analysis the same methods may be applied to much smaller machines having relatively short stopping periods. In the present instance the methods have been applied to two double squirrel-cage induction motors, one a 7 1/2-horsepower 6-pole machine, and the other a 5-horsepower 4-pole machine. In each case the inertia was increased to about twice that of the motor alone by the use of a small flywheel. A similar analysis has been applied to acceleration tests on these two motors in which the motors were started at reduced voltage. By combining the acceleration tests with the decleration tests the speed-torque curves of the motors have been obtained. It is hoped that the discussion of the difficulties and the results of these tests will help to indicate the value and limitations of the methods as applied to similar determinations in this and other fields.
Ketosis and Protein Loading: The Implications of the Dukan Diet on Endurance in Competitive Sports

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This research explores the implications of ketosis and protein loading, as induced by the Dukan Diet, on endurance in competitive sports. The Dukan Diet, known for its high-protein, low-carbohydrate approach, promotes a metabolic state where the body uses fat as its primary energy source. This shift to fat oxidation has potential benefits for endurance athletes, particularly those involved in ultra-endurance sports. The study examines how ketosis conserves glycogen stores and enhances fat metabolism, offering sustained energy for long-duration activities. However, the research also highlights the challenges athletes face with carbohydrate restriction, especially during high-intensity efforts that depend on glycogen. The role of protein loading in muscle preservation and recovery is discussed, along with the diet's long-term sustainability and psychological impacts on athletes. The findings suggest that while the Dukan Diet may benefit endurance performance, its restrictive nature and the potential trade-offs between fat and glycogen metabolism raise important considerations for athletes seeking to optimize both endurance and high-intensity performance.