jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
MONDian Cosmological Simulations

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present results derived from a high-resolution cosmological N-body simulation in which the equations of motion have been changed to account for MOdified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND). It is shown that a low-Omega0 MONDian model with an appropriate choice for the normalisation sigma8 of the primordial density fluctuations can lead to similar clustering properties at redshift z=0 as the commonly accepted (standard) LCDM model. However, such a model shows no significant structures at high redshift with only very few objects present beyond z>3. For the current implementation of MOND density profiles of gravitationally bound objects at z=0 can though still be fitted by the universal NFW profile.
Acircularity and Circularity Indexes of the Foveal Avascular Zone in High Myopia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract We explored the association between foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters and high myopia using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). To evaluate the specific influence of high myopia on the FAZ, we divided 106 eyes of 106 patients into quartiles based on the axial length. The upper quartile was then defined as the high myopia group (n = 27), while the lower quartile was the non-high myopia group (n = 26). The FAZ parameters of these two groups were then retrospectively compared to investigate variations in FAZ size and morphology. The mean axial length and spherical equivalent were 23.96 ± 0.94 mm and -2.27 ± 1.58 diopters in the non-high myopia group and 27.42 ± 0.36 mm and -8.12 ± 2.14 diopters in the high myopia group, respectively. The areas of superficial and deep FAZ, perimeters of deep FAZ, major axis lengths of deep FAZ, minor axis lengths of superficial and deep FAZ were significantly larger in eyes with high myopia than in eyes with non-high myopia ( P < 0.05). Linear regression analyses showed that no significant correlation was observed between FAZ areas and acircularity and circularity index of FAZ in non-high myopia group, conversely, FAZ areas strongly correlated with acircularity and circularity index of FAZ in high myopia group. We found that An increase in the FAZ area in highly myopic eyes was accompanied by a significant variation in FAZ acircularity and circularity indexes. Further research should address whether these findings are associated with future disease development in highly myopic eyes.
Survival after Breast-Conserving Surgery with Whole Breast or Partial Breast Irradiation in Women with Early Stage Breast Cancer: A SEER Data-base Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Randomized clinical trials have demonstrated equivalency in survival outcomes for early stage breast cancer patients treated with either mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery (BCS) with radiation. Recent, state-level data confirm comparable survival outcomes. Using Surveillance Epidemiology and End Research (SEER) data, we sought to evaluate survival outcomes among patients with early stage breast cancer treated with mastectomy, BCS with whole breast irradiation (BCS + WBI), or BCS with accelerated partial breast irradiation (BCS + APBI). Data on women 50 years or older diagnosed with a node negative invasive breast cancer (≤3 cm in size) between 1995 and 2009 were extracted from the SEER data base. Women treated with mastectomy alone or BCS with radiation were eligible for analysis. Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) among the treatment groups. 150,171 women fulfilled inclusion criteria. OS was significantly improved among women treated with BCS and WBI or BCS and APBI compared to mastectomy alone. Adjusted hazard ratios for death in BCS with WBI or APBI (versus mastectomy alone) were 0.73 (95% CI: 0.71, 0.76) and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.58, 0.79), respectively. Adjusted CSS was also significantly improved in patients treated with BCS and WBI (HR 0.80, 95% CI: 0.76, 0.85) as compared to mastectomy. BCS with radiation (WBI or APBI) was associated with significantly improved OS and CSS, versus mastectomy alone. These results support the use of BCS with WBI or APBI (in well selected patients) for the treatment of breast cancer.
Awareness of Predatory Journals in Library and Information Science Faculties in India

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Predatory journals that pretended to resemble refereed journals but are used for money-making purposes. Predatory publishers produce less quality scientific and research papers; it is a severe academic threat in scientific publications. Researchers are ensuring the quality of the journal and peer-reviewing process before submitting the manuscript. This paper aims to know the Indian Library and Information Science faculties awareness and knowledge about Predatory journals. To this study, 67 LIS (Library and Information Science) faculties took part, and they are working as Assistant Professors (67.2%), Associate Professors (16.4%) and Professors (16.4%) of various states (31.3%) and central universities (68.7%) in India. The study results found 89.6% of faculty knew the term Predatory, 80.6% knew how to identify the predatory, most of them knew differing predatory, 92.5% of respondents were aware of the open access system, and most of them knew legitimate journals. The study's findings revealed LIS faculties knew predatory journals publish a high number of low-quality papers without proper peer review. The T value is -13.22, and the faculty members' opinions based on self-awareness of publishing papers have a significant highest mean value of 3.71.
'Dress as a man' New Zealand men's netball as contested terrain

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article is based on 13 open-ended interviews with current and former executive council members of the New Zealand Men's Netball Association (NZMNA). The article disputes the established view that regional women's netball associations and New Zealand's national netball association, Netball New Zealand (NNZ), fostered men's netball competitions in the early 1980s. The article instead argues that men's netball was developed by players prevented from participating in women's competitions. The article also suggests that the limited existing literature relating to the NZMNA fails to acknowledge much of the detail and character of the early association, including the critical influences of gay and transgender players and the cultural influences of Maori (New Zealand's indigenous people) and Pacific Islanders. Only more recently have flamboyant displays and marginalized masculinities been excluded, thereby rendering the NZMNA netball competitions a relatively hetero-normative domain.
Short communication. An in vitro approach for ecotoxicity testing of toxic and hazardous wastes

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In waste-characterization, chemicals with a low acute toxicity but with a high long-term hazard such as PBTs (persistent, bioaccumulable, and toxic chemicals) are difficult to identify, leading to an inaccurate assessment of their risk to the environment. This study assesses the sensitivity of in vitro assays with rainbow trout cell line RTG-2 as a tool for the ecotoxicological testing of hazardous wastes using a battery of bioassays, including a neutral red (NR) assay for predicting cytotoxicity, a Beta-galactosidase (Betagal) assay for predicting cellular defence, and two sub-lethal damage assays: ethoxy resorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) to check for induction of cytochrome and for alteration of antioxidant defences respectively. Six samples of complex waste, covering a wide range of liquid (A to C) and solid (1 to 3) matrices were tested. The EC50-values (NR) ranged from 0.09 mL/100 mL (B) to 2.01 mL/100 mL (2). A hormesis effect (Betagal) at low concentrations was observed for the A (0.03-0.18 mL/100 mL), 1 (0.03-0.29 mL/100 mL) and 2 (0.03-0.29 mL/100 mL) samples. A dose-dependent stimulation of enzymatic activity was observed for the B ((EROD (0.58-4.68 mL/100 mL), Betagal (0.58-4.68) and GST (0.14-1.17 mL/100 mL)) and C ((EROD (0.29-4.68 mL/100 mL) and Betagal (2.34-4.68)) samples. No effects were observed at the highest concentration tested (74 mL/100 mL) for sample 3. The in vitro approach can be considered to be an efficient, rapid and cost effective screening system to provide basic information on toxic and hazardous waste for further analysis and risk evaluation.
Complex Congenital Heart Disease in an Infant - A Case Report and Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Congenital heart disease (CHD) often poses a great diagnostic challenge for physicians. Despite antenatal diagnostic tests advancing to a great level, accurate diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart diseases is mandatory. These diseases range from mild to severe life-threatening scenarios sometimes having vague presentations making diagnosis even more difficult. Early diagnosis and treatment are usually lifesaving.1 Congenital heart diseases can often be classified as cyanotic and acyanotic based on clinical presentation. After birth, fetal structures like foramen ovale, ductus venosus and ductus arteriosus are no longer required for survival and they begin to close.2 Persistence of such structures after birth is a sign of congenital heart diseases. High mortality contributing diseases which require prompt intervention include hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), coarctation of aorta (COA), interrupted aortic arch (IAA), transposition of the great arteries (TGA), total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR), critical aortic stenosis (AS) pulmonary atresia (PA) and tricuspid atresia (TA).3 They contribute to significant mortality amongst neonatal age groups. Recognition of congenital heart diseases based on clinical fractures like cyanosis, tachycardia, tachypnoea, irritability, refusal to feed stabilisation and prompt referral to tertiary cardiac centre are critical to improve outcomes in neonates with CHDs, seizures, murmur etc is diagnostically challenging but lifesaving. Life-threatening CHDs may perhaps present with cyanosis, respiratory distress, shock or collapse; all of these are also frequent clinical presentation of various respiratory problems or sepsis in newborn. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are the only life saving measures.
Spirituality and Well-Being: The Relationship Between Religious Coping and Recovery From Sexual Assault

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Despite a growing body of literature documenting beneficial outcomes of religious coping, there are virtually no studies examining sexual assault survivors’ use of religious coping. To fill this gap in the literature, the current study examines predictors and outcomes of positive and negative religious coping among 100 sexual assault survivors who believed in God. Results suggested that African American survivors were more likely to use both forms of religious coping than survivors from other ethnicities. Yet, results also suggest that positive religious coping is related to higher levels of psychological well-being and lower levels of depression, whereas negative religious coping is related to higher levels of depression, regardless of ethnicity. The only outcome where ethnicity makes a difference is posttraumatic growth with a stronger relationship between positive religious coping and posttraumatic growth among Caucasian survivors space. The implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed.
PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT HUTAN MANGROVE BAHOWO DI KELURAHAN TONGKAINA KECAMATAN BUNAKEN KOTA MANADO

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of the study was to determine the public perception of the Bahowo mangrove forest. This research was conducted in Bahowo, Tongkaina Sub-District, Bunaken District, Manado City. The study lastedfor 3 (three) months from August to November 2018 starting from preparation to writing the final report. The selection of respondents was done purposevely.This study used primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through direct interviews with 20 respondents based on a list of prepared statements. Secondary data was obtained through documentation from agencies related to this study, among others, at the Tongkaina District Office in Bunaken District, Manado City, local bookstore and the internet using a google search engine to access scientific journal articles and thesis from others universities regarding people's perceptions of mangrove forests. This research showed that the community has positve perceptions of mangrove forests. Bahowo in Tongkaina Sub-District, Bunaken Sub-District, Manado City as a whole stated that he agreed with a total score of 1,714 judgments from the statements conveyed by the community through direct interviews and by calculating the overall score to determine the community's perception of mangrove forests. The community argued that mangrove forests play a very important role for local communities such as protecting from the dangers of high waves and tsunami hazards.*eprm*
The Vaginal Microbiome: Associations with Vaginal pH, Menopause and Metabolic Parameters

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The vaginal microbiota, a critical determinant of women’s health, is influenced by hormonal and metabolic parameters across the lifespan. While Lactobacillus species are beneficial markers of vaginal health, microbial composition undergoes pronounced alterations after menopause. This study aimed to elucidate the associations between vaginal microbiota composition, vaginal pH, menopausal status, and metabolic parameters in Asian women. Vaginal secretion samples were collected from 40 women (20 premenopausal, 20 postmenopausal). Full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to characterize the microbiota, categorized into Community State Types (CSTs): CST-I + II (Lactobacillus crispatus/gasseri, protective), CST-III (Lactobacillus iners, neutral), and CST-IV (anaerobic bacteria, harmful). Vaginal pH and clinical data were assessed in relation to microbial profiles. CST distribution differed significantly by menopausal status and vaginal pH. Harmful-type CST-IV was more prevalent in postmenopausal women (70% vs. 40%, p < 0.05), while CST-III was dominant in premenopausal women (45% vs. 5%). CST-IV was associated with elevated pH (median 6.00, p = 0.026) and increased abundance of anaerobes including Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, and Streptococcus. Oral antibiotic use reduced both beneficial and harmful CSTs, shifting toward neutral CST-III (75%, p = 0.048). Use of sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in postmenopausal women was associated with a higher prevalence of protective CST-I + II (57.14% vs. 8.33%, p < 0.05), though no significant impact on pathogen presence was observed. This study highlights the dynamic interplay between menopausal status, metabolic interventions, and vaginal microbiota composition. Findings may inform targeted strategies to maintain vaginal health in aging populations.
Identification of an activity that interacts with the 3'-untranslated region of c-myc mRNA and the role of its target sequence in mediating rapid mRNA degradation.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Single or multiple copies of the pentameric motif, AUUUA, are found in the 3'-untranslated domain of most immediate early mRNAs. A broad body of data links this 5-base element to the selective degradation of these mRNAs. However, AUUUA motifs are neither always necessary nor always sufficient to tag an mRNA for rapid degradation. Here, we describe a cytoplasmic, protease-sensitive factor in Balb/c3T3 cells that interacts with the 3'-untranslated region of c-myc mRNA. The factor recognizes a 39-base uridine-rich domain adjacent to, but distinct from, the c-myc AUUUA motif. In chimeric mRNA constructs, the 39-base binding element cooperates with adjacent sequence material to destabilize beta-globin mRNA.
Ocular Manifestations in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients - A Hospital Based Cross Sectional Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in India is 0.28% to 0.7%, 15-45% of patients with RA develop ocular manifestations. Ocular disabilities can be reduced with timely interference by an ophthalmologist. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (Sjogren’s syndrome) is the most common ocular association of RA. This study was done to find out various ocular manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis patients. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted among the patients attending the rheumatology clinic at Government Medical College, Trivandrum. Patients in the age group of 18-60 years were screened and further evaluated at regional institute of ophthalmology, Trivandrum. Screening for RA was done using the American Rheumatism Association criteria. A complete ophthalmic examination was done for those who satisfied the criteria. The various ocular manifestations in RA are described and presented as proportions. RESULTS Ocular manifestation was found in 38% of total patients attending the rheumatology clinic. There were 54 females (80.5%) and 13 males (19.4%). Age group mainly affected were in 46-50 yr (17.9%). The duration of rheumatoid arthritis ranged from few months to 25 years. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca was the commonest manifestation found, detected in 22(84%) patients, episcleritis was noted in two patients (7.6%), scleritis in 1 patient (3.8%) and marginal furrowing in 1 patient (3.8%). CONCLUSIONS In this clinic-based study there was a high proportion (38%) of ocular involvement in RA and hence it is essential to include ophthalmic evaluation as a routine in RA patients. The most common manifestation was keratoconjunctivitis sicca followed by episcleritis, diffuse anterior scleritis and marginal corneal furrowing. KEY WORDS Rheumatoid Arthritis, Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca, Ocular Manifestations, Scleritis, Episcleritis
yan suan luo mei sha xing jiao nang de zi wai fen guang guang du ce ding fa

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

盐酸洛美沙星（ＬｏｍｅｆｌｏｘａｃｉｎｉＨｙｄｒｏｃｈｌｏｒｉｄｕｍ）是一种新合成的第三代氟喹诺酮类抗菌素，因其具有抗菌谱广、抗菌活性强、毒副作用轻、耐药性小等优点，已受到临床的重视。其胶囊的含量测定部标准［１］规定用高效液相色谱法。本文试用紫外分光...
Timing analysis of component-based embedded systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The recent trend towards applying component-based and model-driven approaches also to the development of safety-critical real-time embedded systems, opens new possibilities for model-level analysis of aspects that traditionally are analysed very late in the development when the system has been fully implemented. For real-time systems, the temporal aspect is as important as the functional to the overall correctness of the system, and thus timing analysis in different forms play a key role in their development. This paper presents the timing analysis of ProCom, a component model specifically targeting distributed real-time embedded systems, focusing in particular on three methods for compositional model-level analysis of worst-case execution time.
Functional Genetic Variants in DC-SIGNR Are Associated with Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is the main cause of HIV-1 infection in children worldwide. Given that the C-type lectin receptor, dendritic cell-specific ICAM-grabbing non-integrin-related (DC-SIGNR, also known as CD209L or liver/lymph node-specific ICAM-grabbing non-integrin (L-SIGN)), can interact with pathogens including HIV-1 and is expressed at the maternal-fetal interface, we hypothesized that it could influence MTCT of HIV-1.To investigate the potential role of DC-SIGNR in MTCT of HIV-1, we carried out a genetic association study of DC-SIGNR in a well-characterized cohort of 197 HIV-infected mothers and their infants recruited in Harare, Zimbabwe. Infants harbouring two copies of DC-SIGNR H1 and/or H3 haplotypes (H1-H1, H1-H3, H3-H3) had a 3.6-fold increased risk of in utero (IU) (P = 0.013) HIV-1 infection and a 5.7-fold increased risk of intrapartum (IP) (P = 0.025) HIV-1 infection after adjusting for a number of maternal factors. The implicated H1 and H3 haplotypes share two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in promoter region (p-198A) and intron 2 (int2-180A) that were associated with increased risk of both IU (P = 0.045 and P = 0.003, respectively) and IP (P = 0.025, for int2-180A) HIV-1 infection. The promoter variant reduced transcriptional activity in vitro. In homozygous H1 infants bearing both the p-198A and int2-180A mutations, we observed a 4-fold decrease in the level of placental DC-SIGNR transcripts, disproportionately affecting the expression of membrane-bound isoforms compared to infant noncarriers (P = 0.011).These results suggest that DC-SIGNR plays a crucial role in MTCT of HIV-1 and that impaired placental DC-SIGNR expression increases risk of transmission.
Court reverses murder conviction of man charged in fatal shooting.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Washington State appellate court reversed a felony murder conviction of [name removed] on a technicality. [Name removed] was accused of murdering the HIV-positive husband of his friend's lover. The friend, [name removed], had sexual relations with an HIV-positive woman. When confronted, the woman and her husband acknowledged that they were both HIV-positive. [Name removed] and [name removed] forced the husband, [name removed], to ride in their car. During the drive, [name removed] allegedly shot [name removed] and was subsequently convicted of first-degree murder. The case was appealed on the grounds that the charge against [name removed] omitted a key element of felony murder--that [name removed] was not a victim in the underlying crime of kidnapping. The judges noted that reversals of convictions based on technicalities damage the integrity of the U.S. judicial system.
The future of neuromodulation: smart neuromodulation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Introduction: The International Neuromodulation Society defines neuromodulation as the alteration of nerve activity through targeted delivery of a stimulus, such as electrical stimulation or chemical agents, to specific neurological sites in the body.Areas covered: In the near future (<5 years) increasingly complex implantable neuromodulation systems will enter the market. These devices are capable of closed-loop stimulation and the delivery of novel stimulation designs, pushing the need for upgradability. But what about the near-to-far future, meaning 5-10 years from now?Expert opinion: We propose that neuromodulation in the near to far future (5-10 years) will involve integration of adaptive network neuromodulation with predictive artificial intelligence, automatically adjusted by brain and external sensors, and controlled via cloud-based applications. The components will be introduced in a phased approach, culminating in a fully autonomous brain-stimulator-cloud interface. This may, in the long future (>10 years), lead to the brain of the future, a brain with integrated artificial intelligence.
Modelling the Power Bank Supplied by Supercapacitor Energy Storage

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

in this paper, a supercapacitor battery for power supply systems is studied. The benefits of using supercapacitors for power banks are researched and compared with other power supply solutions such as Li-Ion batteries. As well the technological features of using supercapacitors in power banks are described. The benefits and disadvantages of supercapacitor application in power banks are summarized.
Cardiac transplantation in Puerto Rican patients at the Texas Heart Institute.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cardiac transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients suffering from end-stage cardiac disease unamenable to conventional medical or surgical treatment. More than 390 patients have undergone heart transplantation at the Texas Heart Institute in Houston, and nine were Puerto Rican. Overall survival of these patients is 88%. Our experience with patients from Puerto Rico is described.