jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Treatment of mania in adults].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Around 1% of the population will experience at least one episode of mania. Mania has negative social consequences, may lead to cognitive impairment and may even be lethal. Therefore, prompt and efficient medical action needs to be taken, not only addressing the acute symptoms but also the high risk of recurrence. Many well-documented antimanic drugs are at hand, and the database has been carefully outlined in recent guidelines, also addressing factors of importance in choosing among the options. The real challenge is dealing with non-response, where the database is extremely poor.
(ARANEAE, SALTICIDAE) IN SOUTH CAROLINA1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Observations were made on the reproductive periods of nine species of Phidippus occurring in South Carolina. Phidippus audax (Hentz) oviposited from May through the following early spring, while most other species had much shorter and seasonally defined oviposition periods. The reproductive periods noted in these studies were similar to published reports from other regions where these species occur.
Seeking New Partners to Sustain and Enrich Our Future

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Private philanthropy has played an important role in the development of oceanography in the United States. From the engagement of the Scripps family in the establishment of the Marine Biological Association of San Diego in 1905 to a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation that led to the creation of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in 1930, private gifts and donations helped nurture the growth of a new scientific endeavor. As with today's philanthropy, many donors were actively engaged in the decisions and programs of the new institutions while other donors were content to give unrestricted gifts for the institution's leaders to use as they saw fit. For example, Florence Corliss Lamont, the widow of Wall Street banker Thomas Lamont, gave property as an unrestricted gift to Columbia University, whose officials decided to use the property to create a geological research institute. On the other hand, members of the Scripps family were active in the formation and promotion of the marine laboratory that eventually became the Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
Enhanced T-Cell Maturation, Differentiation and Function in HIV-1-Infected Individuals after Growth Hormone and Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Strong virus-specific helper and cytotoxic T-cell responses correlate with non-progression during HIV-1 infection. Administration of antiretroviral therapy (ART) during the chronic phases of HIV-1 infection fails to restore these responses in most patients. Design and methods We assessed the changes in immune function of 12 HIV-1-positive individuals treated with ART for over 4 years, who received 4 mg/day of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) for 12 weeks and were then randomized into groups receiving either placebo, twice weekly or alternate day dosing of rhGH. Peripheral blood was drawn for phenotypic analysis and functional assays at time points 0, 12 and 24 weeks. Results At week 12, we observed significant increases in naive CD4 T cells ( P<0.01) and effector CD8 T cells based on CD45RA and CCR7 expression ( P<0.02). In addition, we observed a rise in HIV-1 antigen-specific CD4 ( P<0.005) and CD8 ( P<0.05) T-cell responses. Twelve weeks post-randomization into placebo, alternate day or twice weekly dosing (24 weeks post-baseline), the phenotype and function of the virus-specific effector CD8 T cells seen at week 12 was maintained in most patients regardless of randomization arm and despite the disappearance of HIV-1-specific CD4 T-cell responses. Conclusions Concomitant administration of rhGH at 4 mg/day with highly active ART appears to partially reverse some of the defects exerted on the immune system by HIV-1. This combination may represent a valuable immunotherapeutic intervention aiding in the treatment of chronic HIV-1 infection.
The Army and Modern Society

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

For foreigners especially, 1997 appeared to be the moment when the British apparently discovered tears, and hugging, and popular democracy for the first time. During the 1960s – that period of student rebellion, protests against the Vietnam War and alternative lifestyles – the British Army remained singularly untouched by the outside world. The year 1970 saw the introduction of new salary structures and married quarters made available on a much wider basis for junior ranks. During the 1970s, the huge demands of Northern Ireland meant that training was restructured in packages, and training establishments geared up, with far higher turnovers. During the 1980s, Army wives started to resist the disruptive pattern to their lives and changes of schools for their children. The British Army, both from its origins, and as a result of its necessarily hierarchical structure, has long believed in respect for rank as an essential part of discipline.
Cyber Counseling (2014-2023): A Bibliometric Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The use of cyber counseling currently plays a significant part in the execution of education. This study intends to locate and evaluate cyber counseling publications that have appeared in reputable national and international journals between 2014 and 2023. This study employs a bibliometric methodology with four stages of systematic mapping: 1) finding articles using the Publish or Perish application in the Scopus and Google Scholar databases; 2) classifying articles for bibliometric analysis; 3) ensuring that article metadata is accurate and complete and 4) bibliometric analysis using the VOSviewer application. The results of the bibliometric analysis show four main findings, namely: 1) the trend of publications about cyber counseling continues to increase from 2014 to 2023, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic; 2) the ten most cited articles get a high number of citations; 3) the three author keywords most often used in articles about cyber counseling are COVID-19, counseling, cyber counseling service and development; and 4) author collaboration with strong connectedness only occurs between several authors through one document. Overall, the research results show that cyber counseling is a popular model among researchers.
CDAC activities management system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Activities Management System Development Project (AMSDP) is a web-based application development initiative spearheaded by Senior Executive of Community Outreach & Co-Ownership, Mr. Teo Shih Wee at Chinese Development Assistance Council (CDAC). The AMSDP forms part of CDAC’s effort to improve the management of its tuition program at its 12 community centers, an extremely tedious manual process plagued by low efficiency, fragmented data transfer and human errors. The AMSDP aims to build a robust system to centralize their data management and automate the entire scheduling processes for all 12 centers. This report contains the documentation for the entire lifecycle of AMSDP from both software engineering and project management perspectives. The software engineering principles and design logic used in this project are elaborated in system architecture design, database design, graphical user interface design, and most importantly, the customized scheduling algorithm that handles various constraints faced by CDAC. Key project management documents are included in the appendix to demonstrate the tools and techniques used to meet time and scope constraints while ensuring quality.
Clinical observation on treatment of cough during pregnancy with modified Baihe Gujin Decoction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: To investigate the clinical effect of modified Baihe Gujin Decoction in treatment of cough during pregnancy. Methods: A total of 31 pregnant women with cough were recruited from First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Shanghai Qingpu District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from February 2016 to June 2020. The patients were treated with modified Baihe Gujin Decoction for two weeks according to their unique symptoms and signs. The cough symptoms were evaluated and the symptom scores were calculated at Day 0 (time of enrollment), Day 7, and Day 14, respectively. Results: Of 31 cases, 4 cases were clinically cured and 24 cases showed marked improvement, with 3 cases showing no improvement. Conclusions: Modified Baihe Gujin Decoction can significantly improve the symptoms of cough during pregnancy.
The Genetic Overlap of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Autistic Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Evidence of overlap is seen in the frequent co-occurrence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) within individuals or families. Recently, molecular genetic techniques, have begun to identify specific single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variants linked to both ASD and ADHD. The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the genetic overlap between ASD and ADHD to elucidate common genetic factors and mechanisms that contribute to both conditions. This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple electronic databases and studies were included if they described the genetic associations between ADHD and ASD. Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers, with discrepancies resolved through discussion. The significant overlap between ADHD and ASD is evident through a complex interplay of genetic, biological, and phenotypic factors. Studies consistently reveal shared genetic influences between these disorders, with traits such as inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity in ADHD showing moderate to strong genetic correlations with similar traits in ASD. This suggests that these characteristics may stem from common genetic factors. Notably, specific genetic markers like SHANK2 and DRD2 have been linked to both ADHD and ASD. SHANK2, in particular, appears to have a pleiotropic effect, contributing to the risk of both conditions simultaneously. Reaction time variability (RTV) also serves as a bridging factor, as it is associated with ADHD symptoms and social-communication traits in ASD. Future research should focus on expanding genetic studies to identify additional markers and clarify the mechanisms at play, exploring detailed biological pathways, conducting longitudinal studies to track symptom development, and investigating how RTV and other phenotypic traits can improve diagnosis and treatment.
Charge sensing in carbon-nanotube quantum dots on microsecond timescales

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report fast, simultaneous charge sensing and transport measurements of\ngate-defined carbon nanotube quantum dots. Aluminum radio frequency single\nelectron transistors (rf-SETs) capacitively coupled to the nanotube dot provide\nsingle-electron charge sensing on microsecond timescales. Simultaneously, rf\nreflectometry allows fast measurement of transport through the nanotube dot.\nCharge stability diagrams for the nanotube dot in the Coulomb blockade regime\nshow extended Coulomb diamonds into the high-bias regime, as well as even-odd\nfilling effects, revealed in charge sensing data.\n
Prodomain processing of recombinant plasmepsin II and IV, the aspartic proteases of Plasmodium falciparum, is auto

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Prodomain processing of the four food vacuole plasmepsins (PMs), themalarial aspartic proteases, is prerequisite for their activity on hemoglobin degradation of the parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Although previous studies have suggested the involvement of a calpain-like PM convertase in the processing of PMs, the underlying mechanism of their processing remains to be clarified. Here, to investigate the mechanism by which food vacuole PM II and IV are processed, we used their wild-type and mutant proteins in which the catalytic Asp residue in two active-site motifs was mutated, as well as protease inhibitors. Autocatalytic processing of wild-type PM II and IV was inhibited onlybyanaspartic protease inhibitorpepstatinA.Unexpectedly, their proteolytic activ-ities were inhibited not only by pepstatin A but also by calpain inhibitor ALLN. The active-site mutants of both PM II and IV showed neither autocatalytic processing nor proteolytic activities. However, the mutants of both PMs were efficiently processed upon incubation with their respective wild type proteins. Furthermore, the mutants of both PMs were processed upon incubation with each other’s wild-type PM in both pepstatin A- and ALLN-sensitive manners. These results suggest that the processing of PM II and IV occurs via an intra- and inter-molecular autocatalytic event as well as via a transcatalytic event between them.
Reciprocal peer coaching supported by a professional coach: The future of sustained leader development?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Leader development requires learning new ways of behaving, which takes sustained practice over time, yet organizations continue to focus their efforts in traditional classroom style workshops, spending billions of dollars in the process.This paper describes and interrogates a contemporary approach to leader development, that includes reciprocal peer coaching to embed skill development, increase goal attainment, and enable learning transfer into the wider organizational system for positive impact.
Effects of cold treatment and of gibberellic acid on flowering of cauliflower

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SummarySeed production in cauliflower is sensitive to temperature; in the tropics many cultivars fail to flower due to insufficient exposure to low temperatures whereas at higher latitudes temperate cultivars producing seeds during the winter may require protection. Investigations were carried out to develop techniques for advancing and synchronizing flowering with more favourable environmental conditions. Experiments on the tropical cauliflower cv. Early Patnai and the temperate cv. Lawyna investigated the effects of plant age, cold exposure and gibberellin (GA3) application on growth and flowering. Flowering in cv. Early Patnai was advanced by approximately 25 d following vernalization of three week old plants by one week exposure to a temperature of 10°C. One week old plants failed to respond to this treatment suggesting a juvenile phase of up to about six leaves in this cultivar. Application of GA3 at 100 mg l−1 to cv. Early Patnai prior to vernalization advanced flowering by a further 3-5 d in plants grown on at day/night temperature regimes of 20/10°C and 25/15°C. Exposure of different sized plants of cv. Lawyna to 2°C or 7°C for 18 d failed to advance flowering although the largest category of plants, having approximate 19 leaves, initiated curds earlier following the 7°C treatment. Gibberellin applications failed to affect either flowering or curd initiation in this cultivar.
The Development of Instrumentation to Increase the Accessibility and Throughput of Single-Molecule FRET

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Current drug discovery approaches use high-throughput ensemble methods combined with \nlarge libraries of small molecules to measure and quantify the drug-ligand interactions. These \nmethods currently suffer from ensemble averaging, meaning only the average conformational \nstate is measured. Diffusion-based single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) \ncan measure tightly bound drug candidates with high affinity and has the potential to overcome \nthe limitations of these methods by identifying multiple conformational states and, in the \nprocess, minimises sample consumption. However, this technique suffers from high acquisition \ntimes which limits the throughput of this method. Furthermore, high instrument costs and a \nlack of open-source hardware have limited the use of single-molecule FRET to specialists. We \naim to extend this method by making it affordable, easy to use and applicable for high throughput drug discovery. \n \nHere we present a commercially available, affordable, single-spot, single-molecule microscope \nthat allows flexibility for single-molecule researchers. In addition, an open-source, compact \nand cost-effective excitation module for single-molecule imaging and spectroscopy is \npresented. By comparing this module to commercially available lasers, this excitation module \nreported a similar degree in accuracy of single-molecule FRET measurements for three well \nstudied oligonucleotides. By combining common confocal microscopy principles with single�molecule methods we also studied the performance of a multi-spot setup for high-throughput single-molecule FRET. Here we observed single-molecules at high frame rates (1000 frames \nper second) and observed FRET in a multi-spot setup using a transmission electron microscopy \n(TEM) grid. \n \nWe envisage that this research will make this powerful single-molecule technique more widely \navailable for users in academia and industry and more applicable to the drug discovery process.
Speech-in-noise recognition examined in individuals with normal hearing sensitivity and tinnitus using behavioral and brain imaging methods

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Although we know tinnitus can cause concentration problems, its contribution to communication difficulties has not been well-studied. In a series of experiments, we have investigated Speech-in-noise (SiN) performance, in those with tinnitus and normal hearing sensitivity using a variety of methods, including behavioral, otoacoustic emissions, structural MRI and in a proposed study, ERP/ EEG. We found that tinnitus patients with normal hearing sensitivity did not have a general speech-in-noise deficit (Tai and Husain, JARO, 2018). Instead, our findings indicated that the tinnitus group performed significantly worse only under the 5-dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) condition. Additionally, the SiN performance in tinnitus patients was found to be significantly correlated with the perceptual factors related to tinnitus, such as perceived loudness, and was worse in the left ear. We are currently investigating (1) how the left ear appears to be more affected in tinnitus by using structural MRI and (2) whether there is any correlation between tinnitus pitch and consonant recognition. For both the latter studies, we are also contrasting the normal hearing tinnitus group with a hearing loss tinnitus group and other control groups.
Immunological relatedness of the protective mechanisms against tuberculosis and cancer

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Background Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG), an attenuated strain of tuberculous bacillus, is the source of vaccines providing unclear and variable protection against tuberculosis (TB) and cancer. Thermostable macromolecular antigens (TMAs) are major mycobacterial complexes immunodominant in disease. A60 (TMA complex of BCG) protects mice against TB development, via T lymphocyte (TL)‐mediated macrophage (MΦ) activation, halting intracellular mycobacterial replication. In most A60‐primed mice, cytolytic TLs and MΦ infiltrate cancer tissue, resulting in 80–100% rejection. Adoptive TL transfer is indispensable for MΦ‐dependent tumour cell inactivation via oxygen and nitrogen radicals. Neoplasm development induces immune anergy with depletion of A60‐specific TL and activated MΦ. A60 protects mice against TB and cancer by inducing the synthesis of three lymphokines: interleukin 2 (IL‐2), interferon gamma (IFN‐γ) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α). Tumour cells prevent A60‐dependent synthesis of these lymphokines in vivo and in vitro . Conclusion These data provide some clues to immune surveillance and tumour escape mechanisms, as well as to the antituberculous and antineoplastic BCG action.
How intimate are Australian e‐business retail supply chains?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The adoption of electronic commerce strategies is becoming an important means of assisting industries, and indeed whole economies, to gain significant net benefits. The extent to which e‐commerce‐based strategies, such as quick response and efficient consumer response, might have an effect on local economies depends in part on how readily they are being adopted. The dominant form of adoption of these strategies is to be found in the business‐to‐business forms of e‐commerce. To be successful, business partners must be in a position to develop customer intimacy through sharing of information, to improve their stock replenishment practices, and enhance their levels of online customer support. This paper presents the initial results of a national survey completed in the retail sector of the Australian economy, that assesses how well Australian industry is responding to these e‐commerce challenges.
Dámusta saga La saga islandese di Dámusti, il Cavaliere della Vergine

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Dámusta saga belongs to the genre of original riddarasögur , the chivalric literature of medieval Iceland. The saga was likely composed sometime in the late fourteenth century and is extant in some twenty manuscripts and three versions. The story is set at the court of Constantinople and tells of Dámusti, a pious knight especially devout to the Virgin Mary: of his love for the emperor’s daughter, the fair Gratiana, and of the sin he commits for the sake of her love. This work represents the first Italian translation of Dámusta saga and the first study wholly devoted to the text since 1937. The study opens with an overview of the Norse literary system and the riddarasögur as a genre, from which the saga is set apart due to the centrality of the religious component as a driving force in the narrative. While scholars have been at odds in explaining how the saga justifies Dámusti’s salvation by the direct intercession of the Virgin despite his sin, this study argues for the coherence of the hero’s actions in light of the parable of sin and repentance that lies at the core of the saga. Through the discussion of parallels with European chivalric literature and Norse religious texts, the study demonstrates that this component is the supporting structure of a narrative which is in turn a tale of chivalric adventure and an example of penitential literature. The discussion of the manuscript tradition of the saga and of the codex of the version translated here (Reykjavík, Safn Jóns Sigurðssonar, JS 27 fol. (1670), ff. 314 v ‐329 r ) is followed by an overview of the other versions of the story that transmits Dámusti’s adventure and demonstrates its success beyond the medieval period. The translation of Dámusta saga is based on the oldest complete manuscript. The facing Old Norse text is accompanied by a selection of significant variants chosen from other witnesses of the manuscript tradition.