jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An exploratory study of spiritually based healing interventions in a child and youth care context

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Empirical research has shown that South African children and youth are continuously exposed to violence within their families and communities, resulting in a large number of children and youth left traumatized. Child and Youth Care is an emerging yet growing field which seeks to nurture and create safe spaces in multiple contexts such as families, schools and communities, particularly for abused and traumatized children. Although there are a range of developmental and therapeutic interventions that form part of training child and youth care workers to deal with the victims of varied forms of violence, little research exists in the field on the development of a model that incorporates indigenous, spiritual healing interventions for children, youth and their families and communities. This prompted the need for the current study. Spirituality has received limited attention in the field of child and youth care work, moreover as a response to addressing the healing needs of children, youth and families. Hence, the aim of the study was to develop a spiritually based healing methodology that can be used in a child and youth context. In order to achieve this, a qualitative research design was used to collect data through interviews, with twenty registered child and youth care students at the Durban University of Technology. After collecting, transcribing and analyzing data, together with a substantial review of literature, the study unearthed rich information pertaining to the types of violence experienced by children, youth, families and communities in rural contexts and the impact this violence has on the child. The study found that many rural communities attempt to address the healing needs of individuals and the entire community, through their customary rituals and philosophies. This subsequently informed the development of a spiritually based healing model that incorporated these practices. The participants of the current study also provided methodologies that would be significant to the healing model. Based on the findings of this study, it appears that spirituality may play an important role in child and youth care work and is thus imperative that future research pay significant attention to this domain of the child’s holistic development.
Dispersion Control of an Over-Octave Spanning Shortwave Infrared Spectrum for the Amplification of Single-Cycle Pulses

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Development on laser systems generating a single-cycle even a sub-optical-cycle pulse in an infrared (IR) region has become a worldwide trend in the research fields of ultrashort optics, since it opens up a number of advance research field in strong-field physics [1]. However, to realize such an ultrashort pulse, dispersion control of the over-octave bandwidth waveform is extremely challenging since ultrabroadband dispersive optics with high precision and damage threshold are required. Passive management, based on chirp dichroic mirrors [2], has been shown to support multi-octave bandwidth with high reflectivity. However, it is not adaptable once the dispersion condition is changed within the laser system. Active optics such as deformable mirrors (DM) [3] and spatial light modulator (SLM) [4] are also promising methods for pulse compression in preceding research. Nevertheless, group delay range for the DM is restricted to much less than ps, and birefringence of a conventional SLM is not sufficient to apply 2 π phase shift in IR region. These hamper their application in an over-octave bandwidth high-intensity laser system. More recently, acousto-optic programmable dispersive filter (AOPDF) [5,6] has become a strong candidate for dispersion control of high-intensity, few-cycle, shortwave infrared (SWIR) laser sources due to their robustness and accessibility. The main issue with AOPDF is that it cannot sustain an over-octave bandwidth.
Study of Retinal Microvasculature Changes in Patients after Blunt Ocular Trauma by Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose To assess structural and vascular changes of the macula and optic nerve in patients with unilateral blunt trauma in comparison to the contralateral sound eye by using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods This prospective study was carried out on 50 traumatized eyes and 50 contralateral sound eyes of patients who were subjected to blunt trauma within 7 days of injury. We evaluated best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), retinal vessel density (VD) of superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) and the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) by OCTA. We also assessed the structural spectral domain (SD)-OCT parameters including central macular thickness (CMT), ganglion cell complex (GCC) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness. Results The BCVA was statistically significantly better in controls (0.16 ± 0.24 LogMAR) than traumatized eyes (0.28 ± 0.31 LogMAR) (p = 0.015). There was no statistically significant difference between the traumatized and control eyes regarding the means of SCP, DCP, outer retinal slab and RPC, FAZ area, CMT, IOP, GCC thickness and RNFL average thickness (p 0.05). In the commottio retinae group, the SCP and outer retinal slab VD were significantly lower in some parafoveal quadrants (p`0.05) than the non-commottio retinae group, while IOP, DCP and RPC vessel density, FAZ area, CMT, GCC and RNFL average thickness didn’t show any statistically significant difference between the two groups (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusion Blunt trauma did not induce vascular or structural changes in the macula and optic nerve. Only patients with commottio retinae showed a decrease in vascular densities in some parafoveal areas as compared to those without commottio retinae despite no changes in macular structural anatomy as measured by SD- OCT. This finding suggest that OCTA can detect subtle changes that may influence functional prognosis.
The ‘Dividual Androgyne’ and Me: a Personal Affair

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract In the 25 years since Marilyn Strathern published The Gender of the Gift (1988) its signature concepts of the ‘dividual androgyne’ and ‘sociality’ have received almost no criticism in the anthropological literature and are now widely accepted as true. The ‘dividual’ is considered to be ‘a new, non‐unitary model of embodiment and … one of the most important theoretical accomplishments to emerge from Melanesian ethnography in the latter part of the 20 th Century’ despite the fact that it erases affect, agency, identity and other essential features of human beings (Lipset 2008). The present critique of Strathern's concept of the androgynous ‘dividual’ challenges its legitimacy as a Melanesian or any other ‘premodern’ form of personhood and suggests that it expresses the wish of academic feminists in the 1970s and 1980s to locate an indigenous model for androgyny and to characterise patriarchy, misogyny and sexual segregation as peculiarly Western. The article explores aspects of Gimi myth, ritual and exchange which Strathern claims helped her to formulate the concept of the ‘dividual’ (especially those surrounding men's sacred bamboo flutes) and concludes that she mistook a virulently anti‐female ideology – including a fantasy in which men may subsume or incorporate certain aspects of female anatomy – for benign accommodation between the sexes. The ‘dividual’ does not correspond to social reality among the Gimi and paradoxically affirms L évi‐ S trauss' classic demonstration in the Elementary Structures of Kinship (1949) that ‘the gender of the gift’ is invariably female.
Holarctic phylogeography of golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) and evaluation of alternative North American management approaches

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) is a long-lived bird of prey with a Holarctic distribution. This species has survived severe anthropogenic stressors that have reduced or eliminated populations in some parts of its range. Despite the ecological and cultural importance of the golden eagle, few attempts have been made to determine the partitioning of genetic variation over large areas of its range. This study generated DNA sequence data from the mitochondrial DNA control region from 115 North American golden eagles and combined these data with existing control region sequences from over 300 Nearctic, Palearctic and Mediterranean golden eagles to provide a clearer holistic picture of the Holarctic phylogeographical patterns of genetic variation in this species and the genetic variation and demographic history of golden eagles in North America. The results support that there are two genetic lineages of golden eagles, one representing the Mediterranean and the other occurring throughout the Holarctic. The Holarctic lineage reveals little to no modern-day gene flow between Nearctic and Palearctic golden eagles. Furthermore, the current distribution of haplotypes in the Nearctic shows a recent population expansion with moderate levels of gene flow.
Additional file 5: of Genome sequence, population history, and pelage genetics of the endangered African wild dog (Lycaon pictus)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Positive selection test results on the Lycaon mitochondrial genome. Z statistics are included in parentheses after the probability for each of the three competing models (Neutrality, Positive Selection, Purifying Selection). Results for the tests excluding the domestic dog sequence are denoted by ‘Lycaon’ in the column heading. (XLSX 48 kb)
Comprehensive assessment of rare species of Magnoliophyta of the collection of dendrological park “Olexandria”

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Наведено дані комплексної оцінки раритетної складової частини деревних рослин відділу Magnoliophyta колекційного фонду дендропарку «Олександрія» НАН України, яка складається з біоморфологічного, кількісного, вікового аналізу та життєвого стану.Дослідження проводили в центральній (
Peer Review #1 of "A method to adjust a prior distribution in Bayesian second-level fMRI analysis (v0.2)"

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Previous research has shown the potential value of Bayesian methods in fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) analysis.For instance, the results from Bayes factor-applied second-level fMRI analysis showed a higher hit rate compared with frequentist secondlevel fMRI analysis, suggesting greater sensitivity.Although the method reported more positives as a result of the higher sensitivity, it was able to maintain a reasonable level of selectivity in term of the false positive rate.Moreover, employment of the multiple comparison correction method to update the default prior distribution significantly improved the performance of Bayesian second-level fMRI analysis.However, previous studies have utilized the default prior distribution and did not consider the nature of each individual study.Thus, in the present study, a method to adjust the Cauchy prior distribution based on a priori information, which can be acquired from the results of relevant previous studies, was proposed and tested.A Cauchy prior distribution was adjusted based on the contrast, noise strength, and proportion of true positives that were estimated from a meta-analysis of relevant previous studies.In the present study, both the simulated images and real contrast images from two previous studies were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.The results showed that the employment of the prior adjustment method resulted in improved performance of Bayesian second-level fMRI analysis.
Perpetual analysis and continuous improvements: a must for organizational competitiveness

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Outlines increasing US concern over the inadequacy of traditional cost‐based performance measures in helping manufacturing businesses to achieve excellence in operations and reproduces a case from Tatikonda and Tatikonda (1993) to illustrate the problem. Summarizes some ideas on costing for competitive strength and proposes a framework to enhance competitiveness through profound process knowledge as a basis for fast and continuous improvement. Stresses the importance of determining strategy, using benchmarks based on a good activity‐based costing system and creating a supporting and motivating performance measurement system specific to the needs of the firm as a whole. Calls for further research on developing and implementing these ideas in a specific business and warns that “competitiveness will be a never ending race”.
PHENOGO: ASSIGNING PHENOTYPIC CONTEXT TO GENE ONTOLOGY ANNOTATIONS WITH NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Natural language processing (NLP) is a high throughput technology because it can process vast quantities of text within a reasonable time period. It has the potential to substantially facilitate biomedical research by extracting, linking, and organizing massive amounts of information that occur in biomedical journal articles as well as in textual fields of biological databases. Until recently, much of the work in biological NLP and text mining has revolved around recognizing the occurrence of biomolecular entities in articles, and in extracting particular relationships among the entities. Now, researchers have recognized a need to link the extracted information to ontologies or knowledge bases, which is a more difficult task. One such knowledge base is Gene Ontology annotations (GOA), which significantly increases semantic computations over the function, cellular components and processes of genes. For multicellular organisms, these annotations can be refined with phenotypic context, such as the cell type, tissue, and organ because establishing phenotypic contexts in which a gene is expressed is a crucial step for understanding the development and the molecular underpinning of the pathophysiology of diseases. In this paper, we propose a system, PhenoGO, which automatically augments annotations in GOA with additional context. PhenoGO utilizes an existing NLP system, called BioMedLEE, an existing knowledge-based phenotype organizer system (PhenOS) in conjunction with MeSH indexing and established biomedical ontologies. More specifically, PhenoGO adds phenotypic contextual information to existing associations between gene products and GO terms as specified in GOA. The system also maps the context to identifiers that are associated with different biomedical ontologies, including the UMLS, Cell Ontology, Mouse Anatomy, NCBI taxonomy, GO, and Mammalian Phenotype Ontology. In addition, PhenoGO was evaluated for coding of anatomical and cellular information and assigning the coded phenotypes to the correct GOA; results obtained show that PhenoGO has a precision of 91% and recall of 92%, demonstrating that the PhenoGO NLP system can accurately encode a large number of anatomical and cellular ontologies to GO annotations. The PhenoGO Database may be accessed at the following URL: http://www.phenoGO.org
RECRUITMENT PATTERNS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF OSUN STATE CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study explored the influence of recruitment patterns on the development of Osun State civil service. A survey design was adopted, and both primary and secondary data were utilized for the study. Primary data were collected through the administration of questionnaires and conduct of the interview. A multi-stage sampling process was adopted to select a total of 125 respondents from among the officials from GL 07 and above in three (3) key ministries of the State for questionnaire administration. The interview was conducted on 3 purposively selected head of each of ministries. The findings showed that recruitment process of the commission of Osun State did not comply totally with the standard recruitment process in literature, in term of the identification of the hiring needs, recruitment planning, the conduct of work sample test and interview. It was also revealed that the deficient recruitment pattern based on merit, is an excellent factor in influencing organizational performance. This thus showed the defective recruitment pattern explains the weakness in the civil service into the commission. The study concluded that the recruitment process in the civil service commission of Osun State was defective and would not attract the best hands for the commission. It was recommended that the recruitment process of the commission should be modified to make provision on preference for candidates with outstanding results at all levels of education and such process be outsourced to private firms that specialize in the conduct of recruitment exercise.
Abstract 4059: Design and in vitro antitumor analysis of a novel diphenyltin complex (diphenyltin dioxalate)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Organotins are popular among chemists due to their potential biological properties against bacteria, fungus, and cancer cell lines. In particular, organotins have been utilized in chemotherapeutic applications. Compared to cisplatin, organotins give more favorable toxicological profiles and better cytotoxicity and antiproliferative activities. However, organotins have limited biological applications due to their poor water solubility. In this study we synthesized a diphenyltin complex (Diphenyltin Dioxalate) that possesses partial ionic characteristics, by reacting a diprotic carboxylic acid, with triphenyltin chloride in the presence of di-isopropylamine. A tin-carbon cleavage reaction was observed, as IR/NMR spectroscopy and X-ray Crystallography studies showed that diphenyltin dioxalate was successfully obtained in the reaction. Post synthesis solubility tests were performed to examine diphenyltin dioxalate’s water-soluble nature, compared to its precursor triphenyltin. Diphenyltin dioxalate was then tested to examine its cytotoxicity and antitumor activity on human glioblastoma cell model (T98G) and a normal human oligodendrocyte cell model (MO3.13). Further studies with the complex will consist of synthetic mechanistic studies on the Sn-C cleavage. Citation Format: Jade Witter, Xuequing Song, Alexandra Taraboletti, William Li, Tajera Henry. Design and in vitro antitumor analysis of a novel diphenyltin complex (diphenyltin dioxalate) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 4059.
Exekias and Telamonian Ajax

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Homer tells us that next to Achilles, among all the Greeks at Troy, Telamonian Ajax ranks second. Given Ajax's key role in some of the most significant episodes in the Trojan War, it is odd that he appears so seldom in Attic vase painting. Among all the vase painters, only Exekias takes a special interest in Ajax. This article examines the Ajax scenes by Exekias, compares them with others of the period, and attempts to explain Exekias' interest in this Achaian hero; namely that Exekias came to Athens from Salamis where Ajax is said to have been born and where his oldest cult was celebrated. By favoring Ajax, Exekias honors the hero of his homeland and has left us a special picture of the most famous hero of Salamis.
[Informative value of diagnostic tables for detection of tuberculosis and related lung diseases].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Different models of algorithms for the immunologic diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, cancer, nonspecific inflammation and sarcoidosis were developed. A comparative assessment of the effectiveness of 3 versions of Diagnostic Tables was made. A significant advantage of these Diagnostic Tables based on the analysis of immunologic indices characterizing groups of patients with different forms of the process was defined, as they are seen in the X-ray pictures (3d version). A differential diagnosis of tuberculosis and nonspecific lung diseases made by the 3d version of the tables showed that correct and incorrect answers made up 87.6 and 6.8%, respectively. The developed method of immunodiagnosis can be of great help in the differential diagnosis of lung diseases.
Quality of Life and Spirituality in Psycho-Oncology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Toward the end of the 1970s, the increased possibility of curing cancer influenced such disciplines as oncology, psychology, psychiatry as well as social and nursing care. Growing attention was given to psychological aspects and issues related to quality of life, survival, and rehabilitation. Consequently, the psychosocial approach to cancer has acquired an important role in its ability both to promote psychological health throughout the course of the disease and to improve the adjustment process in cancer patients. The aim of this article is to reconsider psychosocial approach in psycho-oncology, starting from the multidimensional definition of quality of life to the most recent data regarding the spiritual dimension as it is expressed in transpersonal psychology and in mindfulness interventions.