jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Precise isotopic determination of Hf and Pb at sub-nano gram levels by MC-ICP-MS employing a newly designed sample cone and a pre-amplifier with a 1012 ohm register

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Precise isotopic determination methods for Hf and Pb at sub-nano gram levels have been undertaken for this contribution utilizing the Neptune multiple collector ICP-MS (MC-ICP-MS) with a newly designed sample cone (the Jet cone) and a new pre-amplifier with a highly-resistive register of 1012 ohm. The Jet cone enhanced sensitivities 1.6 and 3 times for Hf and Pb, respectively. The Jet cone showed no significant improvements in reproducibility of Hf isotope analysis at >1 ng compared to the normal cone, but the reproducibility improved considerably by half when Hf concentration of <1 ng was measured. Thus, 0.3 and 0.8 ng of Hf can yield reproducibility (2SD in ε-unit) of 3 and 1.7, respectively. Reproducibility (RSD) of 207Pb/206Pb, 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb were 0.026, 0.28, 0.33 and 0.36% using total Pb of 0.025 ng, and 0.02, 0.10, 0.10 and 0.08% using 0.05 ng, respectively. Thus, the Jet cone with the new pre-amplifier showed the best performance compared to the normal cone and pre-amplifier and are similar or even better than those obtained by the 202Pb-205Pb double-spike TIMS or multi-ion counting ICP-MS techniques.
Possible influence of age on the expression of the heterozygous cerumen phenotype

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The relationship of cerumen (earwax) phenotype and age was examined in 2,618 women. An increasing proportion of white women with dry or unclassifiable cerumen was found with advancing age, ranging from 2.0% in women under 30 years to 13.3% in women 70 years and older. No statistically significant change with age was found in other racial groups. It is suggested that the increase of dry or unclassifiable cerumen in white women represents a change in the expressivity of alleles that determine cerumen type occurring with advancing age in women who are heterozygous for the trait.
Product Innovation and the Spatial Dynamics of Market Intelligence: Does Proximity to Markets Matter?*

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract: The expanding literature on the contribution of producer services to production and new product development makes it clear that information about markets, or market intelligence (MI), is a critical input to product innovation. At the same time, research on user‐producer interaction suggests that as distance between producers and users increases, the amount of information exchanged tends to decline because opportunities for face‐to‐face contact diminish. The implication is that firms in peripheral locations and countries with small domestic markets may have difficulty generating sufficient MI to develop successful products. Yet, other studies suggest that it may be possible for producers with small or weak home markets to import information inputs quite effectively from larger or more sophisticated markets. My objectives in this paper are twofold. First, I outline the nature of MI and its value to producers based on the existing literature and empirical research in the Canadian software product sector. Second, I investigate the spatial dimensions of the MI process. The geographic source of the various components of MI is determined, and the implications of distance between producers and markets for the acquisition of information such as MI are addressed. The findings of this exploratory study are not definitive, however, this analysis suggests that while MI is a crucial input to product innovation, proximity between producers and markets plays a limited role in effective product innovation.
Polyfluorenes minimally doped with 1,4‐bis(2‐thienyl‐2‐cyanovinyl)benzene chromophore: Their synthesis, characterization, and application to white‐light‐emitting materials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Copolyfluorenes ( PFR1 and PFR2 ), chemically doped with 0.1 and 0.025 mol % 2,5‐dihexyloxy‐1,4‐bis(2‐thienyl‐2‐cyanovinyl)benzene (MR chromophere) were synthesized by the Suzuki coupling reaction. The PFR s were used to fabricate white‐light‐emitting devices through incomplete energy transfer. Because of the low content of the MR chromophore, the optical, thermal, and electrochemical properties of the PFR s were almost identical to those of polyfluorene, except for their photoluminescent (PL) and electroluminescent (EL) properties. The copolymer films showed PL peaks at about 428 and 570 nm originating from fluorene segments and MR chromophores, respectively. Compared with the model compound ( MR ), the polymer chains extended the conjugation length of the MR chromophores and exhibited a 20–48 nm red‐shift in the emission band. In addition, the lower LUMO level of the MR (−3.27 eV) was expected to improve the electron injection. The EL devices [ITO/PEDOT:PSS/ PFR s/Ca (50 nm)/Al (100 nm)] showed a broad emission band, covering the entire visible region, with chromaticity coordinates of (0.36, 0.35) and (0.32, 0.30) for PFR1 and PFR2 devices, respectively. The emission color of the PFR2 device was very similar to that of a pure white light (0.33, 0.33); and the maximal brightness and current efficiency were 3011 cd/m 2 and 1.98 cd/A, respectively, which surpass those found for polyfluorene devices (1005 cd/m 2 , 0.28 cd/A). A). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 3703–3713, 2008
The primary structure of a rat kappa Bence Jones protein: phylogenetic relationships of V- and C-region genes.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The complete amino acid sequence of a LOU rat k Bence Jones protein, S211, is presented. The availability of such a sequence makes it possible to re-evaluate the phylogenetic relationships of V- and C-region genes. The data suggest that V- and C-genes, and also V-genes between themselves have evolved at different rates. The Vk1-gene seems to have been preserved during evolution and its products could be identified in three other species. The differences between these Vk1 representative sequence are similar and fall inside the range of inter-subgroup differences. On the other hand, the comparison of Ck-regions from four different species agrees with their recognized phylogenetic relationships. Evidence is presented which suggests that two substitutions within the C-region of the S211 k-chain are unrelated to allotypes and presumably represent somatic events or are evidence for multiple isotypes of rat Ck-region.
RESEARCH ARTICLE International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences CHEMICAL EVALUATION OF TAMRA BHASMA DR. KANCHAN S. CHITNIS* 1 AND MISS. ASHLEY STANLEY 2

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Bhasmas are traditional Indian medicinal preparations in which metals undergo thermal treatment process to bring about thermal decomposition, phase transition, purification, detoxification and their conversion into a digestible oxide or sulfide form. Tamra Bhasma is copper bhasma. The present experiment was done to estimate the amount of copper present in Tamra Bhasma of different batches, different manufacturers and formulations containing Tamra Bhasma by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Spectrophotometric and X- Ray Diffraction analysis were also performed on the samples. It was seen that samples from different batches and different manufacturers contained varying amounts of Tamra Bhasma. Spectrophotometric analysis showed that copper was present predominantly in its cupric state. X- Ray Diffraction analysis showed that the copper in the bhasma was present in its sulphide form. Analysis of formulations showed variations in the copper content from the label claim. The results from the study stress the need for use of modern analytical tools for standardization and evaluation of traditional medicines.
Association for the Academic Study of New Religions

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Research Article| February 01 2015 Association for the Academic Study of New Religions Nova Religio (2015) 18 (3): 142. https://doi.org/10.1525/nr.2015.18.3.142 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Association for the Academic Study of New Religions. Nova Religio 1 February 2015; 18 (3): 142. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/nr.2015.18.3.142 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentNova Religio Search This content is only available via PDF. © 2015 by The Regents of the University of California2015 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Acute Tuberculosis and Granulocytic Disorders

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

During the past 60 years the possibility that a special relation exists between tuberculosis and haematological abnormalities has occupied the thoughts of many investi gators. Most of the early observations were made in German-speaking countries and were summarized in 1939 by Siegmund. Among the original descriptions were instances of a particularly acute form of tuberculous miliary necrosis with depressed blood formation which varied from a simple leucopenia affecting mainly the granulocytes to agranulocytosis and pancytopenia. Other authors noted the development of acute tuberculosis in patients with myeloid leukaemia. Later writers have con firmed these findings but have failed to agree upon the extent to which the tuberculosis may influence the behaviour of the bone-marrow. For example, the haemato logical changes that occasionally accompany acute tuber culosis may resemble acute leukaemia in that primitive white cells appear in the blood and marrow, but at post mortem examination no conclusive evidence of leukaemia can be found, there being no leukaemic infiltration of the tissues. Sometimes, when the blast cells are particularly numerous, an underlying acute leukaemia is presumed, and indeed would probably be diagnosed as such were it not for the tuberculosis. At other times the abnormal white cells are less primitive and a so-called leukaemoid reaction is suspected.
Variation of flavonoid patterns in Hordeum spontaneum and H. agriocrithon

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Employing thin-layer chromatography, 279 collections of Hordeum spontaneum C. Koch and 10 collections of H. agriocrithon E. Åberg were investigated. The three flavonoid patterns described earlier in H. vulgare were also found in H. spontaneum in the following frequencies: A (50 %), B (32 %) and C (3 %). The S pattern, described previously as characteristic of H. spontaneum, was found in only 15 % of the collections. In spite of this, we believe that the S pattern is characteristic of wild H. spontaneum. We attribute the high frequencies of the A and B patterns to hybridization between H. vulgare and H. spontaneum. Morphologically, these hybrid collections were generally typical H. spontaneum, with two-rowed spikes and a brittle rachis. However, they are regarded to be weedy forms. On disturbed sites, owing to ecological demands, but also by chance, H. spontaneum may have to incorporate different genes from H. vulgare—among them genes for the A, B and C patterns. Controlled crossing experiments between the three chemotypes of H. vulgare (A, B and C) and the original one in H. spontaneum (S) were performed and gave in the F1 generation the dominance relationship S > B > C > A. Thus, the dominant S pattern, which is practically absent in cultivated barley, must represent the wild type. In the 10 collections of H. agriocrithon, only patterns A and B were found.
[Distraction osteogenesis in patients with craniofacial anomalies].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A cleft lip and palate is the most common congenital anomaly in the craniofacial region. There are many other congenital craniofacial anomalies. These anomalies may be part of a syndrome with a wide variety of expression. Some of these syndromes are characterized by hypoplasia of the mandible or by hypoplasia of the maxilla and the orbits, often in combination with premature closure of the skull sutures. In addition, posttraumatic and tumour resection defects are also classified as craniofacial anomalies. The care for patients with craniofacial anomalies is highly complex and, therefore, organised in multidisciplinary craniofacial teams. Some craniofacial anomalies treated by distraction osteogenesis are mandibular hypoplasia due to hemifacial microsomia or temporomandibular joint ankylosis, and mid facial hypoplasia due to craniosynostosis.
The Allelopathic Effects of Lantana camara on Seed Germination and Growth of Selected Bioassay Species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The allelopathic effects of Lantana camara L. (Family:Verbenaceae) on germination and seedling establishment of some agricultural crops and weed species have been identified. Aqueous extracts of dry leaves and contaminated soil where L. camara is grown were used to verify allelopathic effect on seed germination of five bioassay species; Raphanus sativas, Capsicum annum, Lycopersicum esculantem, Crotalaria juncia and Chromoleana odorata. Fifty seeds from each bioassay species were placed in a petri dish containing leaf extracts or contaminated soil, and seed germination were examined after 3 days. The plant house experiments were carried out to evaluate the impact of L. camara contaminated soil and leaf debris using L. esculantem as the indicator plant. Seed germination of L. esculentem, C. junica and Capsicum annum was significantly inhibited by L. camara contaminated soil. However, the degree of inhibition varied among the bioassay species. The aqueous extract of dry leaves of L. camara was highly phytotoxic and it significantly reduced seed germination of all bioassay species. There was a decline in plant height, leaf area and shoot dry weight of tomato only in early growth stages when grown in L. camara contaminated soils. However, incorporation of leaf debris into soil affected the vegetative growth of tomato in early stages when the leaf debris concentration was increased. Growth recovered at the latter part of the life cycle. On the basis of these results it can be concluded that the allelochemicals in L. camara contaminated soils are harmful to the seed germination of crop species. The adverse effect was present only during the early growth stages and it did not suppress the latter part of the plant growth. These responses are attributed to allelopathic effects which need confirmation under field conditions.
How Social Structure Drives the Population Dynamics of the Common Vampire Bat (Desmodus rotundus, Phyllostomidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Social systems are major drivers of population structure and gene flow, with important effects on dynamics and dispersal of associated populations of parasites. Among bats, the common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) has likely one of the most complex social structures. Using autosomal and mitochondrial markers on vampires from Mexico, French Guiana, and North Brazil, from both roosting and foraging areas, we observed an isolation by distance at the wider scale and lower but significant differentiation between closer populations (<50 km). All populations had a low level of relatedness and showed deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and a low but significant inbreeding coefficient. The associated heterozygote deficiency was likely related to a Wahlund effect and to cryptic structures, reflecting social groups living in syntopy, both in roosting and foraging areas, with only limited admixture. Discrepancy between mitochondrial and nuclear markers suggests female philopatry and higher dispersal rates in males, associated with peripheral positions in the groups. Vampires are also the main neotropical reservoir for rabies virus, one of the main lethal pathogens for humans. Female social behaviors and trophallaxis may favor a rapid spread of virus to related and unrelated offspring and females. The high dispersal capacity of males may explain the wider circulation of viruses and the inefficacy of bat population controls. In such opportunistic species, gene connectivity should be considered for management decision making. Strategies such as culling could induce immigration of bats from neighboring colonies to fill vacant roosts and feeding areas, associated with the dispersal of viral strains.
Procedural learning, declarative learning, and working memory as predictors of learning the use of a memory compensation tool in persons with amnestic mild cognitive impairment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Persons with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) are at risk for experiencing changes in their daily functioning due to their memory impairment. The Memory Support System (MSS), a compensatory calendaring system, was developed to support functional independence in persons with aMCI (pwaMCI). This cross-sectional study examined procedural learning, declarative learning, and working memory as predictors of MSS learning efficiency in pwaMCI. Sixty pwaMCI participated in MSS training. The Serial Reaction Time Test and Mirror Tracing Test were used to assess procedural learning. The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and CogState One Card Learning were used to assess declarative learning and the CogState One Back task was used to assess working memory. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to assess if procedural learning, declarative learning, and working memory predicted MSS learning efficiency. This study showed that declarative learning predicted MSS learning efficiency in pwaMCI, with less consistent results for procedural learning and non-significant results for working memory. Findings suggest that success in teaching compensatory tools is greater when training is offered in early aMCI before declarative learning skill is fully lost. Future studies should assess additional strategies to facilitate MSS learning in advanced aMCI.
Models for Spectral Band Absorption*

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

An exhaustive, theoretical study is made of the various models that have been proposed to represent band absorption. These models are compared with each other; a derivation is given of the regions where they predict the same absorption. The regions of validity for various useful approximations to these models are also given. The statistical model is extended to include the random superposition of a finite number of Elsasser bands. Thus a continuous spectrum of absorption curves is obtained between the results for the Elsasser and the pure statistical models. The absorption predicted by the statistical model when there is a specific number of spectral lines in the frequency interval under consideration is compared with the limit as the number of lines approaches infinity. It is shown that the shape of the absorption curve obtained from the statistical model is independent of the distribution of line intensities in the band for most cases of interest. The absorption from the statistical model including the effects of overlapping is shown to depend only on an average equivalent width for a single line. This result is used to derive the band absorption for the statistical model with Lorentz, Doppler, and other line shapes.
The estimation of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid in urine

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Research Article| July 01 1961 The estimation of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid in urine M SANDLER; M SANDLER Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar CRJ RUTHVEN CRJ RUTHVEN Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1961) 80 (1): 78–82. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0800078 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation M SANDLER, CRJ RUTHVEN; The estimation of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid in urine. Biochem J 1 July 1961; 80 (1): 78–82. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0800078 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1961 The Biochemical Society1961 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Effect of Source on the Properties and Behavior of Cellulose Nanocrystal Suspensions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Sulfuric acid hydrolysis of native cellulose fibers results in colloidally stable suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). We have investigated the effect of the cellulose source on the suspension properties of CNCs extracted from cotton and wood sources using a comparable preparation strategy. The structural properties were revealed to be similar within the given standard deviation and prevalent polydispersity, whereas other properties such as liquid crystalline phase behavior, viscosity, diffusion coefficients, and surface tension were found to differ significantly. This study shows that ostensibly similar suspensions may exhibit rather differing behaviors and attempts to interpret this phenomenon. This finding shows that full characterization and a detailed description of the preparation of the nanocrystals used in publications are extremely important and should be reported in detail in all instances.
Amplify-and-forward with partial relay selection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This letter offers a statistical analysis of the basic two-hop Amplify-and-Forward link, where the relay node is selected based on instantaneous and partial knowledge of the channel. In contrast with previously reported work, where relay selection requires global knowledge (2 hops) of the relaying link, the problem considered is interesting in practical ad-hoc systems, where only neighboring (1 hop) channel information is available to the nodes. The probability density function of the received signal-to-noise ratio for the considered relaying link is approximated in closed form, and an asymptotic exponential expression is proposed to simplify performance estimation.
To Detect or not to Detect: The Right Faces to Morph

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recent works have studied the face morphing attack detection performance generalization over variations in morphing approaches, image \nre-digitization, and image source variations. However, these works assumed a constant approach for selecting the images to be morphed \n(pairing) across their training and testing data. A realistic variation in the pairing protocol in the training data can result in challenges and \nopportunities for a stable attack detector. This work extensively study this issue by building a novel database with three different pairing protocols \nand two different morphing approaches. We study the detection generalization over these variations for single image and differential attack \ndetection, along with handcrafted and CNNbased features. Our observations included that training an attack detection solution on attacks \ncreated from dissimilar face images, in contrary to the common practice, can result in an overall more generalized detection performance. \nMoreover, we found that differential attack detection is very sensitive to variations in morphing and pairing protocols.