jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Laser magnetic resonance, resonance fluorescence, resonance absorption studies of the reaction kinetics of atomic oxygen + hydroxyl .fwdarw. atomic hydrogen + molecular oxygen, atomic oxygen + perhydroxyl .fwdarw. hydroxyl + molecular oxygen, atomic nitrogen + hydroxyl .fwdarw. atomic hydrogen + nitric oxide, atomic nitrogen + perhydroxyl .fwdarw. products at 300 K between 1 and 5 torr

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLaser magnetic resonance, resonance fluorescence, resonance absorption studies of the reaction kinetics of atomic oxygen + hydroxyl .fwdarw. atomic hydrogen + molecular oxygen, atomic oxygen + perhydroxyl .fwdarw. hydroxyl + molecular oxygen, atomic nitrogen + hydroxyl .fwdarw. atomic hydrogen + nitric oxide, atomic nitrogen + perhydroxyl .fwdarw. products at 300 K between 1 and 5 torrW. H. Brune, James J. Schwab, and J. G. AndersonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1983, 87, 22, 4503–4514Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/j100245a034Request reuse permissionsArticle Views184Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts
From constitutionalism to aestheticization, 1654–1670

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Ideal political speculation was again and again repudiated in England at the same time as it was achieving its greatest triumphs. Robert Burton renounced his utopianism in the same breath as he developed it. Within a page of remarking that we “had need of some general visiter in our age, that should reforme what is amis,” and outlining what would in fact become a model of the bourgeois nation-state, he ended up insisting that his utopian plans for the future were “vaine absurd, and ridiculous wishes not to be hoped: all must be as it is.” The settlers of New England created their New Jerusalem, founding a good deal of the institutional and social framework of what was to become the United States, by denying that a New Jerusalem was what they were aiming to create, and insisting instead that it was the work, the process, the “wise-walking,” that was essential, and not the actual thing the work might produce. Francis Bacon realized his fantasy of a technocratic monarchy only by imaginatively renouncing his career as an imperial politician, who might among other things invent a utopia: “What? Twice paid?” The gentle reproof of the Bensalemites against their European visitors echoed as the bitter self-recrimination of a man with world historical ambitions, a man who in all seriousness could call upon the educated elite of Europe by saying, “We must begin anew from the very foundations,” but who had just been impeached and disgraced for accepting bribes for petty legal proceedings.
20. Criminal justice principles

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter examines the source and changing nature of the fundamental principles of criminal justice. It begins by considering a process of change for criminal justice featuring four factors labelled as ‘game changers’ — principles, policies, practices, and people — with a particular focus on principles. It then discusses the importance of the rule of law doctrine and some of its key features, including parliamentary sovereignty, separation of powers, an independent judiciary, due process, and human rights. It also explores the essential features of an adversarial justice system and the restorative justice principle and concludes with an assessment of the roles of the police, the courts, and the Crown Prosecution Service in the criminal justice system.
The Main Changes and Consequences by Burnup Extensions in PWRs: Some Recommendations for Negative Plant Performance Issue Limitations

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The higher duty cores are always attended with the onset of sub-cooled nucleate boiling (SNB) on the fuel cladding surfaces and the initial excess reactivity of core. The impacts of these factors on the chemical environments of the nuclear fuel cladding- and reactor coolant system- surfaces are discussed: The SNB at the cladding surfaces strongly influences the behavior of gases dissolved in cladding water layer phase, causing their stripping out which will favor the creation of oxidizing conditions. It is considered that the creation of oxidizing conditions in the nuclear fuel cladding environment is not a direct boiling consequence but it is a result of the synergic impact of the boiling- and water radiolysis- processes on the Pressurized Water Reactor fuel cladding surface areas. This requires new criteria for corrosion resistance properties of fuel cladding materials. These materials must have high corrosion resistance to oxidizing conditions. If only boric acid as neutron absorber is implemented, the critical boron concentration in coolant increases significantly when implementing an extended fuel cycle. This effect can be limited through application of 10B enriched boric acid or by application of such solid burnable absorbers as Gd2O3 integrated in UO2 fuel. Some recommendations to address negative plant performance issues are given in addition to the results of these investigations.
Selective Oxidation of Glycerol to Glycolic and Oxalic Acids for Direct Glycerol Fuel Cell

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT The direct glycerol fuel cell (DGFC) is a promising application, although the catalyst has limits and could be improved. This study used density functional theory (DFT) calculations to elucidate how the addition of silver (Ag) to a palladium (Pd) catalyst can change the mechanism of the glycerol oxidation reaction (GEOR). It was discovered that the glycerol easily oxidized at the primary carbon at the start of the reaction. Glyceraldehyde and glyceric acid are produced as intermediary products due to primary carbon oxidation using Pd 3 –Ag 1 (111). The addition of Ag aided C–C cleavage during the reaction, converting glyceric acid to glycolic acid rather than tartronic acid. The selectivity of high‐value molecules such as glycolic and oxalic acid was more likely to increase due to the early C–C splitting. At the end of the possible chemical pathways, oxalic acid or formic acid can be generated with the nine electrons that can be transferred. This work's catalyst model and mechanism can be employed with a new alloy catalyst combination and modification or tested with a different type of alcohol or polyol as fuel. DFT analysis of the mechanism allows for more flexible improvement and design in the search for novel and better catalysts.
Isochore assignment confidence and GC context

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Confidence as a function of the GC content of the genomic environment. Isochore assignment confidence is best in GC-poor regions; it decreases as the genomic context becomes more GC-rich and reaches a minimum around 55-58% GC. However, the assignment confidence becomes better again in the GC-richest regions with >59% GC. Variance of the confidence depending on the GC content. The confidence variance is independent of the GC context for isochores with a GC content between about 33% and 62% GC, that is, for the main bulk of the genomic DNA.Copyright information:Taken from "Assignment of isochores for all completely sequenced vertebrate genomes using a consensus"http://genomebiology.com/2008/9/6/R104Genome Biology 2008;9(6):R104-R104.Published online 30 Jun 2008PMCID:PMC2481423.
Effective Strategies for Monitoring and Regulating Chemical Mixtures and Contaminants Sharing Pathways of Toxicity

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Traditionally, hazardous chemicals have been regulated in the U.S. on a one-by-one basis, an approach that is slow, expensive and can be inefficient, as illustrated by a decades-long succession of replacing one type of organohalogen flame retardants (OHFRs) with another one, without addressing the root cause of toxicity and associated public health threats posed. The present article expounds on the need for efficient monitoring strategies and pragmatic steps in reducing environmental pollution and adverse human health impacts. A promising approach is to combine specific bioassays with state-of-the-art chemical screening to identify chemicals and chemical mixtures sharing specific modes of action (MOAs) and pathways of toxicity (PoTs). This approach could be used to identify and regulate hazardous chemicals as classes or compound families, featuring similar biological end-points, such as endocrine disruption and mutagenicity. Opportunities and potential obstacles of implementing this approach are discussed.
Highly Efficient Single-Switch-Regulated Resonant Wireless Power Receiver With Hybrid Modulation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a highly-efficient single-switch-regulated resonant wireless\npower receiver with hybrid modulation is proposed. To achieve both high\nefficiency and good output voltage regulation, phase shift and pulse width\nhybrid modulation are simultaneously applied. The soft switching operation in\nthis topology is achieved by the cycle-by-cycle phase shift adjustment between\nthe input current and the gate drive signal and also attributed to the reactive\ncomponents such as the series-compensated secondary coil and the parasitic\ncapacitor of the active switch . The soft switching operation also leads to\nhigh efficiency and low EMI. By adjusting the duty ratio of the switch, tight\nregulation of the output voltage can be attained. The steady-state and dynamic\nmodels of the resonant receiver with hybrid modulation are analytically derived\nin order to properly design the feedback controller. An experimental setup of a\ntwo-coil wireless power transfer system, including the hardware prototype of\nthe proposed receiver, is constructed for experimental verification. The\nexperimental results show the effectiveness of the soft-switching operation in\nthe receiver with high efficiency while maintaining good regulation of the\noutput voltage, regardless of line and load variations.\n
THE METHYLSULFONYLETHYLOXYCARBONYL GROUP, A NEW AND VERSATILE AMINO PROTECTIVE FUNCTION

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A new amino protecting group, the methylsulfonylethyloxycarbonyl (Msc) group, is described which combines well with other familiar groups (benzyloxycarbonyl, t‐butyloxycarbonyl) in peptide syntheses. Its main characteristics are an extreme acid stability, a high base lability and a high polarity which enhances solubility in polar solvents including water. The group resists catalytic hydrogenolysis but does not poison the catalyst. It has good crystallizing properties. Application in peptide synthesis is exemplified in the synthesis of Msc‐Phe‐Arg‐Trp‐Gly‐OMe.HCl. Deprotection of the masked tetrapeptide was accomplished within 5 sec with a 1.0 N solution of base (OH ‐ and OCH 3 ‐ ). A reaction scheme for the cleavage of the group is suggested.
"Managing" the Enlisted Force: Whisking in the Wind?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The enlisted force will face changing roles and responsibilities as we move into the future. A central issue is whether the current management system will adequately meet these new challenges. In order to answer this question, we need a critical evaluation of how well the current system has functioned in the past. This article focuses primarily on the management of the experience and grade distribution-arguably one of the most difficult and least successful policies in the history of enlisted management. Its main thesis is that factors other than management policies and practices have had an important impact in shaping the force and that the inability to manage to stated goals may not be entirely the fault of the managers. Unless these trends are factored into future decisions regarding enlisted force management, future policies are likely to be as unsuccessful as they have been in the past.
Alnus Sieboldiana (Alder) Pollinosis at the Base of Rokko Mountains.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Alnus sieboldiana (alder) was thickly planted against floods or after land development at the base of Mt. Rokko. This investigation of 272 patients with spring hay fever due to Japanese cedar or alnus sieboldiana showed a correlation between the positive rate of the radioallergosorbent test to alder and alder pollen counts. Seventy three patients with alnus sieboldiana pollen allergy answered a questionnaire about food hypersensitivity. Hypersensitivity to apples was reported by twenty-two per cent of the patients. All of the 7 applehypersensitive patients had positive IgE antibodies to apples.
The History of Drug Abuse

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter focuses on the beginnings of the world's drug abuse problem and discusses many social implications of drug abuse. It presents a comparison in developments in drug control legislation. Drug abuse has superseded all other forms of widespread social deviance. Drugs cause severe social problems, and some drugs are less harmful than others. Cannabis and the opium poppy are accepted as the oldest mind-altering drugs of abuse. These two drugs are associated with both medical treatment and recreational uses. The regional origins for these drugs include South America for the coca plant; North America for alcohol, tobacco, and peyote; and Mexico, Southeast Asia, Southwest Asia, and China for opium and cannabis. Morphine was widely used and abused as a painkiller during and after the Civil war. Other drugs, such as barbiturates and amphetamines, were some of the most widely abused drugs in history. The Harrison Act was the first law to break away from the era of legalized drugs into a period of regulation. Abuse of drugs, including cocaine, marijuana, amphetamines, lysergic acid diethylamide, and phencyclidine continued to flourish during this period. It resulted in the 1970 Controlled Substances Act, which specified all drugs that were to be considered unlawful.
The Virtual Multicasting Approach to Bandwidth Conservation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Virtual Multicast (VMC) exploits short-term similarities in Internet traffic to save bandwidth and reduce congestion. Its implementation requires modification of aspects the HTTP specification, which is motivated by the expected benefits of the method: reclamation of bandwidth lost due to redundant network data and latency savings as seen by users. I. INTRODUCTION Internet congestion is a growing problem: as capacity increases, so does demand. During peak times, this congestion manifests itself as a phenomenon that can bring down web-sites and networks. Given that there could be a significant common traffic at peak times, it is reasonable to investigate sharing common data as far as possible. Information Mass Transit (IMT) is a general design philosophy aimed at exploiting commonality of data on a medium to reduce bandwidth demands and improve latency [1]. By analogy with mass transit, as opposed to private transport, IMT aims to reduce congestion by exploiting commonality in traffi...
Using mining waste for CO 2 sequestration: exploring opportunities through mineral carbonation, nature-based solutions, and CCUS

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Using mining waste for CO2 sequestration presents a promising solution for managing waste and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This article provides a comprehensive overview of established CO2 sequestration methods that can be applied to mining waste eligible for such application. Three techniques were considered: 1) passive mineral carbonation; 2) a nature-based solution (NBS); and 3) carbon capture, utilisation, and storage (CCUS). Passive mineral carbonation involves exposing mining waste rich in Ca and Mg silicates to atmospheric CO2. NBS explores the reclamation of disposal areas, estimating the carbon sequestration by topsoil, organic amendments, and revegetation. CCUS presents some storage possibilities with CO2 injection into waste piles and utilisation by incorporating waste and CO2 into cement products. Furthermore, an innovative proposal for injecting CO2 into surface and underground coal mining waste disposal areas was described as a potential action. The strategies presented in this article can be considered to offset CO2 emissions from mining projects while also contributing to waste management and more sustainable production.
Preparation of Hirudin Gelatin Microsphere and Its Evaluation of Release in Vitro

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective:To make recombinant hirudin2(rHV2)gelatin microspheres to reduce the degradation in the gastro-intesti- nal(GI)tract for them.Methods:Gelatin was adopted to prepare rHV2 microspheres,and the morphology,particle size and in vitro re- lease of microspheres were investigated.Results:The mean diameter of gelatin microspberes prepared was 54.40μm.The rHV2 contents, drug loading and entrapment rate of three batches of microspheres were(2.60±0.05)mg,(2.67±0.05)mg,and(54.60±1.09)% respec- tively.The release experiments of three types of rHV2 microspheres prepared in different solidification time were identical,and the re- lease amount arrived at 50% after 30 min and 80% aider 60 min.Conclusion:The gelatin microspheres by our improved method showes that it meets to our purpose.
Designing a Home Care Model for Patients with Heart Failure: A Mixed Method Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background and purpose: A major reason for readmission in patients with heart failure is inadequate transfer of care from hospital to home. The aim of this study was to design a comprehensive model of home care for these patients. Materials and methods: This mixed-method study was performed in Rasht Heshmat Hospital in 2020-21. In qualitative phase, interviews were conducted with 28 people, selected by purposeful sampling. In quantitative phase (descriptive cross-sectional design), 115 patients were selected via convenience sampling. They were studied using a demographic questionnaire, European Heart Failure Self-care Behavior Scale, Heart Failure Knowledge Scale, Medication Adherence Report Scale, and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire. Qualitative data analysis was performed by conventional content analysis method and quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Then, data of two phases were combined to design a care model using matrix analysis. Results: The mean scores for patients' self-care, knowledge, medication adherence, and quality-of-life were 24.49±11.82, 27.25±8.36, 82.09±14.69, and 52.46±9.57, respectively, out of 100 scores. The care model designed included eight components: 1-Providing a comprehensive and organized care program to meet the care needs, 2-Establishing appropriate relationship, 3-Enhancing support systems, 4-Improving self-care, 5-Enhancing adaptation to chronic disease, 6-Family-centered care, 7-Management of health-seeking behavior, and 8-Improving quality-of-life. Conclusion: This model is a comprehensive model for caring patients with heart failure and unlike other models does not have many shortcomings, therefore, it can help in more successful control of the problems associated with heart failure in patient, family, care team, and health care systems.
A BIBLIOMETRIC STUDY ON MHEALTH AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Mobile health is defined as medical and public health practices supported with the help of mobile devices. In India, there is a huge growth in mobile phone usage and Internet usage, which can be beneficial to expand mobile health usage. It has several advantages, including minimizing the spread of infection, saving time, and being very convenient to use. mHealth usability and personalization should be considered while updating or developing an mHealth app, as they are very important features. There’s a pause in the association between sufficient income and higher usability scores. Among emphasis app users in Egypt and Saudi Arabia (Arafa et al., 2022). mHealth apps, or mobile health apps, are the software used in mobile devices such as smartphones or tablets to provide health-related services, information, and support. These apps can cover a wide range of health-related functions, such as physical tracking, monitoring the person’s health condition in remote areas, and providing educational resources, which can be useful for patients who cannot come to hospitals and stay for a long time. These health apps can help facilitate health records and promote healthy lifestyle behaviours among patients (Haggag et al., 2022). The mHealth apps are mainly used for mental health, chronic disease management, physical fitness, and weight loss, as they are a cost-effective and time-saving method. These apps can be customized according to the air-specific region, considering cultural differences and language preferences, which can be beneficial for mHealth app users. These apps can improve lifestyles, healthcare delivery systems to address the burden of diseases, and much more (Figueiredo & Chunkhare, 2021). Mobile health is a dominant concept closely related to artificial intelligence and genomics. In today’s world, artificial intelligence and machine learning are used in health to combine with ICT and other technologies to solve problems that are related to patients and consumers (Fatehi et al., 2020).
Exploring Bicyclists’ Visual Attention during Conflicts with Truck Traffic

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To determine how bicyclists allocate their visual attention, measurable eye-fixations of bicyclists during conflicts with a truck maneuvering at a commercial vehicle loading zone (CVLZ) were studied in a bicycling simulator environment. The potential influence of pavement markings in the conflict area (white lane markings, solid green, and dashed green), truck traffic (parked and exiting), and bicyclists’ gender (female and male) on bicyclists’ visual attention were investigated. Results of a mixed repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated that the type of truck maneuver in the CVLZ had the most significant effect on bicyclists’ visual attention. Dashed green bike lanes were more effective than other design practices to attract bicyclists’ visual attention. It was also found that men fixated more on pavement markings than women regardless of truck maneuver or of pavement marking type.