jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The biology and systematics of Aedes campestris Dyar and Knab (Diptera:Culicidae) and related species in Manitoba and Saskatchewan

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Voltinism was determined in various populations of Aedes campestris Dyar and Knab from different locations. The Winnipeg population was 100% multivoltine, whereas the Churchill population was 64% multivoltine, 36% univoltine. Saskatoon and Estevan populations were 99% multivoltine, 1% univoltine. A laboratory colony of A. campestris was successfully maintained in a 120-x 120-x 210-cm cage for 3 generations. The optimum temperature for development and survival of A. campestris in the laboratory was 23oC. The time required for larval and pupal development was 9 and 3 days respectively at 23oC. Ovarian development of blood-fed females was also studied at 23oC, and females were able to complete follicular development within 3-4 days. Variation in autogeny was observed in populations from different geographic regions. In the Churchill population, 45% of the females were able to develop some autogenous eggs 15-20 days after emergence. In a. campestris from Saskatoon, 13.9% of the females developed a few autogenous eggs. There was no significant difference between the number of eggs laid by females fed 1, 2, or 3 blood meals in the Saskatoon or Estevan populations. The Churchill females fed 3 blood meals produced more eggs than those fed 1 blood meal. At 23oC the critical period for induction of egg diapause in the Saskatoon population occurred between 13L:11D and 14L:10D. Egg diapause in the Saskatoon population was obtained after 10-14 days of exposure to a short photoperiod (<14L:10D). The greatest percentage of diapause occurred after 30 days. Long photoperiod (16L:8D) terminated egg diapause at 23oC in the Churchill population and the percentage of termination increased significantly at 30oC. The larval and adult stages of A. campestris and the related species, A. dorsalis (Meigen) and A. mediolineata Ludlow, are described. This study confirmed the separate species status of A. melanimon from A. dorsalis and reveals an older name than A. melanimon, namely mediolineata Ludlow 1907 which was previously a synonym of A. dorsalis. The key for species and the comparisons of various characters of first and fourth instar larvae, and male and female adults are listed to point out the reliable characters for separating each species. The distribution of the three species in North America is illustrated in a map.
Paths More Traveled: Predicting Future Recreation Pressures on America’s National Forests and Grasslands

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Populations near many national forests and grasslands are rising and are outpacing growth elsewhere in the United States. We used National Visitor Use Monitoring (NVUM) data and U.S. census data to examine growth in population and locally based recreation visits within 50 and 100 miles of National Forest System (NFS) boundaries. From 1990 to 2010, the population living within 50 miles of NFS lands increased by 36 percent, from about 112 million to 153 million people; that population is expected to increase in the future. Recreation visits from local residents can be expected to increase by 12 million new visits per year, from 83 million in 2010 to about 95 million in 2020. Forests experiencing the most population growth and highest rates of local visitation can expect the greatest impacts on recreation resources and other public benefits. Strong partnerships and cooperation among Forest Service staffs, local communities, and other concerned parties can help avoid or mitigate potential impacts associated with increased recreation pressure and enhance the recreational experiences of users.
Glans cap-preserving dorsal inlay-free graft augmentation technique for reconstruction of meatal stenosis and fossa navicularis strictures: Analysis of short-term functional outcomes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Meatal stenosis and fossa navicularis strictures (FNSs) are commonly caused by lichen sclerosus and instrumentation. We present the technique and short-term functional outcomes of glans cap-preserving dorsal inlay-free graft augmentation for the reconstruction of meatal stenosis and FNS. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed patients with meatal stenosis and FNS who underwent glans cap-preserving dorsal inlay-free graft augmentation at our institute since 2019. The surgical technique included a ventral subcoronal approach, preservation and mobilization of the glans cap, a ventral midline urethrotomy incision over the stricture, and a dorsal midline meatotomy incision extending to the proximal normal urethral mucosa at the fossa navicularis, followed by dorsal inlay graft augmentation. During the follow-up, patients were periodically assessed for symptom scores, urinary flow rates (UFRs), and patient-reported outcomes. Results: A total of 26 patients with a mean age of 45 ± 15 years were assessed. The predominant cause of stricture was lichen sclerosus ( n = 15; 58%). The mean stricture length was 3.8 ± 0.5 cm, 73% had a circumcised phallus, and an oral mucosa graft augmentation was performed in 22 (85%) patients. Notable postoperative complications included intractable meatal hemorrhage ( n = 1) and glans suture granuloma ( n = 1), which required intervention. At a mean follow-up of 40 months, there were four failures, of which one patient required redo-urethroplasty. The remaining patients ( n = 22; 85%) showed improved symptom scores ( P < 0.05), UFRs ( P < 0.05), and satisfactory patient-reported outcomes. Conclusion: Glans cap-preserving dorsal inlay-free graft augmentation is a safe and feasible technique with satisfactory short-term functional outcomes for the management of meatal stenosis and FNS in carefully selected patients.
Understory Influence of the Invasive Norway Maple (Acer platanoides)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

WYCKOFF, PETER H. AND SARA L. WEBB (Biology Department, Drew University, Madison NJ 07940). Understory influence of the invasive Norway maple (Acer platanoides). Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 123:197-205. 1996.Norway maple (Acer platanoides) is invasive within a Fagus grandifolia-Acer saccharum-Quercus spp. forest preserve in New Jersey. To assess the community-level consequences of this invasion, we compared understory composition, richness, and structure beneath canopies of invasive Acer platanoides and of native Acer saccharum and Fagus grandifolia. Understory species richness was significantly lower beneath Acer platanoides and highest beneath Fagus grandifolia. Stem densities were high beneath Acer platanoides but consisted primarily of its own seedlings and saplings. When these Acer platanoides stems were removed from the analysis, there was a trend toward lower stem densities beneath the exotic tree compared with the native canopies. Individual shrub and forb species were too patchy for any canopy affinities to demonstrate significance within this small forest preserve, with two exceptions: Epifagus virginiana, a beech (Fagus) root parasite, was less abundant under Acer platanoides than under either Fagus grandifolia or Acer saccharum; and the shrub Lindera benzoin was less abundant under Acer platanoides and Fagus grandifolia than under Acer saccharum. Among tree seedlings, the exotic Acer platanoides far outnumbered all others, beneath its own canopy and also beneath the two native trees. A surprising paucity of Fagus grandifolia reproduction seems unrelated to the biological invasion. Acer saccharum has some prospects for self-replacement judging from sapling distributions but has sparse reproduction under the other canopy species relative to its exotic congener.
Varietal Differences in Crownvetch Cotyledon Size1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Measurements of 7,439 cotyledons from a like number of seedlings from 49 seed lots of seven varieties and strains of crownvetch, Coronilla varia L., verified the existence of significant varietal differences in cotyledon length (L), width (W), and the derived quantity LW. Cotyledons of the variety ‘Chemung’ were significantly larger than those of the variety ‘Penngift’, with those of ‘Emerald’ being intermediate in size. Temperature, light intensity, and growing medium significantly affected cotyledon size; cotyledons were larger when grown under warm and shaded conditions than when grown under cool and unshaded conditions. Cotyledons had attained their maximum size by the time one to two trifoliolate leaves had expanded. Significant differences in cotyledon size between seed lots of the same variety suggested the influence of environmental conditions during seed development and maturation. Varietal differences in cotyledon size may be of possible competitive significance and of value in varietal characterization.
Unearthing the father’s secret: postmemory and identity in harki and pied noir narratives

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Focusing on memories of the Algerian War of Independence, this article follows historian Benjamin Stora’s call to find common memorial spaces and bridge the gap between different memory groups involved in a traumatic past. It compares two literary works from different postcolonial constituencies, one written by a harki daughter, Dalila Kerchouche, and the other by a pied-noir son, Thierry Galdeano, both of which have at their core the search for the father’s secret linked to his role in the war. The discovery of the father’s mystery takes each narrator-protagonist on a postmemorial quest that results in personal growth, helping the two protagonists find their identity and place within French society. The article argues that only the pied noir son performs the reconciliation between harki and pied noir experiences, thus pointing to the possible creation of the sort of memorial bridge that can end the individual trauma and collective amnesia that are the postcolonial legacies of the Algerian War of Independence.
Development of an Embedded CPU-Based Instrument Control Unit for the SIR-2 Instrument Onboard the Chandrayaan-1 Mission to the Moon

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a computer architecture developed for the instrument control unit (ICU) of the Spectrometer Infrared 2 (SIR-2) instrument onboard the Chandrayaan-1 mission to the Moon. Characteristic features of this architecture are its high autonomy, its high reliability, and its high performance, which are obtained by the following methods: 1) adopting state-of-the-art digital-construction techniques using one single radiation-tolerant field-programmable gate array for implementing an embedded system with a 32-bit central processing unit, commercial intellectual-property cores, and custom-specified logic; 2) implementing two independent communication buses, one for instrument commanding and instrument health monitoring and another one for transferring scientific and housekeeping data to the spacecraft; 3) implementing simple and well-arranged hardware, firmware, and software; and 4) implementing in-flight software-reconfiguration capabilities available from ground command. The SIR-2 ICU performs data acquisition, data processing, and temperature regulation. Per-spectrum averaging and per-pixel oversampling are supported to reduce measurement noise. A temperature regulator for the instrument sensor unit is also implemented, with the purpose of reducing dark current noise from the detector. The embedded real-time software is implemented as a multirate cyclic executive with interrupts. Five different tasks are maintained, running with a 10-ms base cycle time. A safe mode is implemented in the boot-loader, allowing in-flight software patching through the MIL-STD-1553B bus. The advanced features of this architecture make it an excellent choice for the control unit of the scientific SIR-2 instrument, compared with architectures from previous heritage.
Improved downstream process for the production of plasmid DNA for gene therapy.

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Gene therapy and genetic vaccines promise to revolutionize the treatment of inherited and acquired diseases. Since viral vectors are generally associated with numerous disadvantages when applied to humans, the administration of naked DNA, or DNA packed into lipo- or polyplexes emerge as viable alternatives. To satisfy the increasing demand for pharmaceutical grade plasmids we developed a novel economic downstream process which overcomes the bottlenecks of common lab-scale techniques and meets all regulatory requirements. After cell lysis by an in-house developed gentle, automated continuous system the sequence of hydrophobic interaction, anion exchange and size exclusion chromatography guarantees the separation of impurities as well as undesired plasmid isoforms. After the consecutive chromatography steps, adjustment of concentration and final filtration are carried out. The final process was proven to be generally applicable and can be used from early clinical phases to market-supply. It is scaleable and free of animal-derived substances, detergents (except lysis) and organic solvents. The process delivers high-purity plasmid DNA of homogeneities up to 98% supercoiled form at a high yield in any desired final buffer.
4D Study of Right Heart Anomalies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this chapter, the 2D, color Doppler and four dimensional (4D) features of major right heart abnormalities are described. In particular, the echocardiographic views on which the various lesions are present are reported. The diagnostic role of 4D echocardiography in allowing a spatial demonstration of the defects with the possibility of getting new views into the heart is outlined. Videos of major diagnostic features are also provided, to facilitate the understanding of the text
An in-depth study of specific pathway associated to abnormal reproductive system: A meta-analysis in a specific Caucasian ethnicity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Human methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene plays a vital role in folate metabolism. This gene is located on chromosome 1 and has 12 exons. Many single nucleotide polymorphisms are found in MTHFR gene, in which the C677T variation is one of the key polymorphism. In this literature review, four experimental studies investigating the correlation of the abovementioned polymorphism with male infertility in Iranian population were enrolled (a specific Caucasian ethnicity). To obtain more comprehensive outcomes, a meta-analysis was made by data extraction from four published papers. Eligible studies were found through a comprehensive search using appropriate electronic databases and were analyzed by Metagenyo online software. Finally, significant associations between C677T gene polymorphism and male infertility in TT vs. CC, CT vs. CC, TT+TC vs. CC, and TT vs. TC+CC genetic models were found in Iranian population with no publication bias. MTHFR gene polymorphisms could be associated with infertility in men. Thus, determination of a polymorphism genotype in this gene could be useful for infertile individuals screening.
Public issues, private concerns: social media and course management systems in higher education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Social media and their changing nature present compelling public and private dilemmas for higher education. Instructional delivery faces obstacles to effectively reaching students who often prefer online communities and spend considerable recreational time using these social networking sites. CMS has limited appeal as an inviting space for students. An effective learning environment provides a communal place for student–professor interactions and an accessible and interactive space for collaboration and global knowledge distribution. This chapter focuses on some considerations educators should take into account as they manage courses through an increasingly socially mediated landscape.
Full‐length sequences of 4 HLA‐B*15 alleles, B*15:03:01:01, B*15:13:01, B*15:18:01:01 and B*15:25:01, confirmed by cloning and sequencing

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We report the full‐length sequences of 4 alleles of the HLA ‐B*15 gene family.
Interaction of a Common Factor with ATF, Spl, or TATAA Promoter Elements Is Required for These Sequences To Mediate Transactivation by the Adenoviral Oncogene E1a

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The adenovirus protein E1a stimulates transcription of both viral and cellular genes. Unlike most other transcription factors, it induces transactivation through several different promoter elements. The mechanism by which elements of diverse sequence mediate the effect of E1a is the focus of this study. Three E1a-responsive elements (an ATF site, an Sp1 site, and a TATA box containing the sequence TATAA) were studied to determine whether their interaction with a common factor is necessary for transactivation. In transfection assays, each element was used as a competitor against promoter constructs containing the other elements. The elements as competitors had no effect on basal transcription, but each competitor completely inhibited transactivation by E1a. Competitors that were not E1a responsive failed to inhibit transactivation. Therefore, either E1a itself or an E1a-inducible factor interacts with each of the elements to cause transactivation, most likely though an association with each element's specific binding protein.
On the dynamics of draw texturing.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study is concerned with the mechanics and dynamics of a process for increasing bulk, softness, cover and stretch of thermoplastic continuous filament yarns. In particular this investigation focuses on the interactions between the feed yarn and the texturing machine in the draw texturing process. It treats the cases of both steady state and transient operation. The degree of filament drawing, the cold, hot, cooling and post spindle twist distributions, the threadline tension, and the threadline torque are shown to possess a non-linear relationship dictated by machine-material parameters. This study presents a tractable model for determining analytically threadline torque, tension, and twist distributions,- given information on machine settings and on material properties. Considerable attention is devoted to the determination of twist distribu-tion in the threadline during transient operation. The results of numerous observations of threadline response were compared with the data generated from the analysis of threadline operation. In general, the agreement between theory and experiment is good.
206: Quality of Care for Localized Prostate Cancer: A Comparison of Radical Prostatectomy and External Beam Radiation from the National Cancer Data Base

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

You have accessJournal of UrologyDiscussed Poster, Sunday, May 21, 2006, 9:00 am - 12:00 pm1 Apr 2006206: Quality of Care for Localized Prostate Cancer: A Comparison of Radical Prostatectomy and External Beam Radiation from the National Cancer Data Base David C. Miller, Benjamin A. Spencer, Jamie Ritchey, Andrew K. Stewart, Mark S. Litwin, and John T. Wei David C. MillerDavid C. Miller More articles by this author , Benjamin A. SpencerBenjamin A. Spencer More articles by this author , Jamie RitcheyJamie Ritchey More articles by this author , Andrew K. StewartAndrew K. Stewart More articles by this author , Mark S. LitwinMark S. Litwin More articles by this author , and John T. WeiJohn T. Wei More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)32473-XAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "206: Quality of Care for Localized Prostate Cancer: A Comparison of Radical Prostatectomy and External Beam Radiation from the National Cancer Data Base." The Journal of Urology, 175(4S), p. 67 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 175Issue 4SApril 2006Page: 67 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information David C. Miller More articles by this author Benjamin A. Spencer More articles by this author Jamie Ritchey More articles by this author Andrew K. Stewart More articles by this author Mark S. Litwin More articles by this author John T. Wei More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
[Transcriptome analysis of venom gland and identification of functional genes for snake venom protein in Agkistrodon acutus].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Agkistrodon acutus is a traditional Chinese herb medicine which has immunological regulation,anti-tumor,anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects,which is mainly used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis,ankylosing spondylitis,sjogren's syndrome and tumors. In order to excavate more important functional genes from A. acutus,the transcriptome of the venom gland was sequenced by the Illumina Hi Seq 4000,and 32 862 unigenes were assembled. Among them,26 589 unigenes were mapped to least one public database. 2 695 unigenes were annotated and assigned to 62 TF families,and 5 920 SSR loci were identified. The majority of mapped unigenes was from Protobothrops mucrosquamatus in the NR database,which revealed their closest homology. Three secretory phospholipase A_2 with different amino acid sequences showed similar spatial structures and all had well-conserved active sites. The 3 D structural models of C-type lectin showed conserved glycosylation binding sites( Asn45). This study will lay the foundation for the further study of the function of snake venom protein,and promoting the development and utilization of genome resources from A. acutus.
Graves' Disease and Its Related Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Genes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Graves’ Disease (GD), an autoimmune health condition caused by the over reactiveness of the thyroid, affects about 1 in 200 people worldwide. Preceding studies suggest that GD is not caused by one specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) or gene mutations, but rather determined by multiple factors, each differing from each other. Most commonly studied genes are the HLA classes, which tend to play a major role in autoimmune diseases, but other genes, such as LOC101929163, have functions that still remain ambiguous. Multiple studies have been conducted with multiple genes, but most studies have yielded inconclusive results. This study serves not only to introduce background knowledge about GD, but also to organize and pinpoint the major SNPs and genes that are potentially related to the occurrence of GD in humans. Collected from multiple sources from GWAS Central, the potential SNPs related to the causes of GD are listed in the table below. This study has located the genes that are related to those SNPs and closely examines a selected sample. Using the data from this study, scientists will then be able to focus on the most expressed genes in GD patients and develop a treatment for GD.
A minimalistic approach to Russian-English-Turkish multilingualism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The empirical question which is the focus of present research is: How may the lexicons from different languages interact in the course of one syntactical derivation, resulting in code switching phenomena? We develop the following hypothesis concerning code switching: The units of intrasentential code switching are either heads or functional maximal projections. To get support for this hypothesis, intrasentential code switching instances from Russian-English-Turkish and Dutch- Turkish spoken data are analyzed within the minimalist framework. In the data analysed, it has been observed that the data gathered support this hypothesis and that the Minimalist Program has an explanatory force for bilingual language processing.