jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Clean Cooking Fuel, Women’s Intra-household Status, and Son Preference in Rural India

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite profoundly negative health consequences of indoor air pollution, most rural Indian households cook using traditional biomass fuel, rather than cleaner cooking fuel. Although many factors contribute to households’ continued use of solid fuels, this paper focuses on one: women’s intrahousehold status. We use two nationally representative datasets, and implement two complementary empirical strategies. The first strategy demonstrates that observable indicators of low women’s status are associated with lower use of clean fuel, despite a broad range of controls. No similar association is found between status and electrification. The second strategy exploits Indian son preference: having a girl first child lowers women’s status relative to having a boy first child, and is therefore associated with a three-fourths of a percentage point reduction in the likelihood of using clean fuel. This effect is found throughout the wealth distribution, and is not concentrated among households in states with a high child sex ratio or households where women have some education. Using several other assets as dependent variables – including electrification – no similar effect of having a girl first child was found. To our knowledge this is the first paper applying a causal identification strategy to this implication of women’s status.
Ecology of Thermophilic Fungi in Mushroom Compost, with Emphasis on Scytalidium thermophilum and Growth Stimulation of Agaricus bisporus Mycelium

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Twenty-two species of thermophilic fungi were isolated from mushroom compost. Scytalidium thermophilum was present in the compost ingredients, fresh straw, horse droppings, and drainage from compost and dominated the fungal biota of compost after preparation. Of 34 species of thermophilic fungi tested, 9 promoted mycelial growth of Agaricus bisporus on sterilized compost: Chaetomium thermophilum , an unidentified Chaetomium sp., Malbranchea sulfurea, Myriococcum thermophilum, S. thermophilum, Stilbella thermophila, Thielavia terrestris , and two unidentified basidiomycetes. These species will be considered for future experiments on inoculation and more controlled preparation of compost.
Miniaturized 7-in-1 fiber-optic Raman probe

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This Letter reports a miniature 7-in-1 fiber-optic Raman probe that eliminates the inelastic background Raman signal from a long-fused silica fiber. Its foremost purpose is to enhance a method for investigating extraordinarily tiny substances and effectively capturing Raman inelastic backscattered signals using optical fibers. We successfully used our home-built fiber taper device to combine seven multimode fibers into a single fiber taper with a probe diameter of approximately 35 µm. By experimentally comparing the traditional bare fiber-based Raman spectroscopy system with the miniaturized tapered fiber-optic Raman sensor using liquid solutions, the novel probe’s capability is demonstrated. We observed that the miniaturized probe effectively removed the Raman background signal originating from the optical fiber and confirmed expected outcomes for a series of common Raman spectra.
Prediction of membrane protein structures with complex topologies using limited constraints

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Reliable structure-prediction methods for membrane proteins are important because the experimental determination of high-resolution membrane protein structures remains very difficult, especially for eukaryotic proteins. However, membrane proteins are typically longer than 200 aa and represent a formidable challenge for structure prediction. We have developed a method for predicting the structures of large membrane proteins by constraining helix–helix packing arrangements at particular positions predicted from sequence or identified by experiments. We tested the method on 12 membrane proteins of diverse topologies and functions with lengths ranging between 190 and 300 residues. Enforcing a single constraint during the folding simulations enriched the population of near-native models for 9 proteins. In 4 of the cases in which the constraint was predicted from the sequence, 1 of the 5 lowest energy models was superimposable within 4 Å on the native structure. Near-native structures could also be selected for heme-binding and pore-forming domains from simulations in which pairs of conserved histidine-chelating hemes and one experimentally determined salt bridge were constrained, respectively. These results suggest that models within 4 Å of the native structure can be achieved for complex membrane proteins if even limited information on residue-residue interactions can be obtained from protein structure databases or experiments.
Living with COVID-19: a phenomenological study of hospitalised patients involved in family cluster transmission

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives To describe experiences of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 following family cluster transmission of the infection and the meaning of these experiences for them. Design A descriptive phenomenological design was used to construct themes depicting patients’ experiences of living with COVID-19. Setting This study was conducted in a major teaching hospital in Wuhan, China, in March 2020. Participants Fourteen patients involved in family cluster transmission of COVID-19 were recruited into the study. The participants consisted of seven males and seven females. Data were collected through semistructured, in-depth, face-to-face interviews. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Colaizzi’s approach. Results Six themes emerged from data analysis during two distinct phases of patients going through COVID-19: the early outbreak phase and the later hospitalisation phase. Early in the outbreak, patients experienced life imbalances between individual well-being and family responsibilities. While facing widespread prejudice and rejection, patients dealt with the heavy toll that the illness had left on their body and mind. After being hospitalised, patients described feelings of living with uncertainty, sadness, fear of death and concerns about family, while simultaneously hoping for a better life after recovery. Conclusions Our findings suggest that living with COVID-19 is an emotionally and physically challenging experience for patient participants in the study. Psychological evaluations need to be routinely carried out with patients in a public health crisis. Interprofessional and interorganisational collaborative efforts should be made to examine the physical and psychological sequelae of COVID-19, as well as investigate outcomes of existing intervention programmes.
Sistem Informasi Manajemen Pengawasan dan Konstruksi Pada Dinas Pekerjaan Umum dan Penataan Ruang Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The PUPR Office of South Kalimantan is a government agency that has the task of carrying out government affairs, which are the authority of the region, and of co-administration in the fields of public works, spatial planning, and land affairs. In carrying out its duties, the PUPR service has a supervisory questionnaire in the field of construction services to assess the orderliness of construction service projects in order to comply with regulations and policies using Microsoft Excel. However, in this case, it requires a long process so that it takes longer to be able to carry out reports or recapitulations of supervision, where the series of processes is that first the service provider fills in the questionnaire, then the questionnaire is given to pptk for validation, and after that, the questionnaire has been validated and given to the admin for verification.In this study, researchers used the waterfall method in software development. In addition, the software design in this study uses object-based UML (Unified Modeling Language). With this research, making questionnaires that previously used Excel or Google Forms where the series of activities took quite a long time can be resolved, and the ease of searching for data as well as the tidiness are much better.
Investigation and comparison of anthropometric indices, dietary habits, knowledge, attitude, and practice of sports club’s members of sports supplements consumption in five regions of Tehran

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study was aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of sports club members as well as to conduct anthropometric measurements and dietary habits assessments. The study population consisted of members of sports clubs. The socio-economic status (SES) questionnaire, demographic information, dietary habits questionnaire, questionnaire of knowledge, attitude, and practice on sports supplements, anthropometric measurements, and physical activity questionnaires were investigated. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of sports clubs’ members were reported to be low in the sense that both men and women practiced bodybuilding more than other sports in all five regions of Tehran. Men and women reported exercising for fitness and weight loss respectively. Men took supplements to gain muscle mass while took them women more for weight loss. Protein and carbohydrate, branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), fiber, anabolic steroids, glutamine, arginine, and antioxidant supplements were consumed more frequently by men. The consumption rate of the supplement was high amongst the members of sports clubs; however, their knowledge and attitude were low. Additionally, the dietary habits of subjects were not suitable and their physical activity was not proper. According to anthropometric data, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was high. Regarding what is mentioned above, the authorities are required to include such issues in large-scale policies.
Special, conjugate and complete scale functions for spectrally negative Lévy processes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Following from recent developments in Hubalek and Kyprianou [28], the objective of this paper is to provide further methods for constructing new families of scale functions for spectrally negative L&#233;vy processes which are completely explicit. This is the result of an observation in the aforementioned paper which permits feeding the theory of Bernstein functions directly into the Wiener-Hopf factorization for spectrally negative L&#233;vy processes. Many new, concrete examples of scale functions are offered although the methodology in principle delivers still more explicit examples than those listed.
On the Forms of Organization of the Linguistic Reality of the Civilizational «Borderlands»: Latin America, Iberian Europe and Russia Compared

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

According to the concept of the author of the article, the forms of organization of the linguistic cosmos of Latin America, Iberian Europe and Russia are determined by the essential characteristics of the «borderline» civilizational type: the way of constructing the dialogic fabric of sociality, based on «inclusive» discourse and the dominant diversity determined by it (with the paradoxical preservation of the unity sui generis that corresponds to this dominant). The author identifies two forms of organization of the linguistic reality of the civilizational «borderlands»: linguistic variation and linguistic union. Stating that both of them are (each of them in its own way) an expression of the general civilizational dominant of diversity (and, accordingly, «inclusive» discourse), Ya.G. Shemyakin came to the conclusion that these forms not only do not exclude, but, on the contrary, mutually determine each other. Based on the original understanding of this term by N.S. Trubetzkoy, the author identifies a number of features that characterize a language union as a special sociocultural phenomenon, and proves, based on numerous examples and the results of the colleagues’ research, that all these signs (as well as the interdependence of language variation and the process of forming a language union) are found in Latin America, in Russia, and in Iberian Europe.
Present Condition of Tree Species Planting in the Soswaewon Garden and their Chronological Changes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study investigated the background thoughts and geographical characteristics of the trees planted in Soswaewon garden located in Damyang, Jeollanam-do, South Korea. This study also investigated the tree species in the early years of the garden and their chronological changes. The number of trees planted in Soswaewon garden is presently 135 in 22 species, which consists of 107 arboreals in 15 species and shrubs in 7 species. Tree species which showed high frequency rates were Zelkova serrata, Lagerstroemia indica, Acer palmatum, Sophora japonica and Rhododendron indicum. The background thoughts of these trees were Feng Shui, Yin Yang, and Confucianism for Zelkova serrata; Shin-sun, Taoism, and Confucianism for Lagerstroemia indica; Confucianism for Acer palmatum; Shin-sun, Taoism, and Confucianism for Sophora japonica. Rhododendron indicum was planted just for decoration without any particular background thoughts. In exploring geographical characteristics, all of 5 trees species were found to grow well everywhere in southern regions of Korea, especially in maritime climate of the south west coasts. Literature survey revealed the tree species planted in the early years of the garden. Back in 1548 when Soswaewon was first established, there were 11 tree species growing, then 12 species in 1755, 28 species in 1983, 23 species in 1999, and 24 species in 2012. At present, there are 22 tree species growing in Soswaewon garden.
Leontius of Byzantium. Complete works. Edited by Brian E. Daley sj. (Early Christian Texts.) Pp. xviii + 616. New York–Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017. £140. 978 0 19 964523 7

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Leontius of Byzantium. Complete works. Edited by Brian E. Daley sj. (Early Christian Texts.) Pp. xviii + 616. New York–Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017. £140. 978 0 19 964523 7 - Volume 71 Issue 2
A child with severe nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A case of severe nephrolithiasis with nephrocalcinosis ill a six years old child has been reported. The diagnosis of nephroNthiasis was made based on the radiological examination and laboratory findings. The cause of hypercalciuria in this case was still obscure. Necropsy finding revealed a terminal renal failure with severe nephrocalcinosis. The cause of terminal renal failure in this case was probably multiple renal stones due to prolonged hyperca!ciuria and severe nephrocalcinosis, complicated by chronic renal infection.
Robust curvelet-domain data continuation with sparseness constraints.

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A robust data interpolation method using curvelets frames is presented. The advantage of this method is that curvelets arguably provide an optimal sparse representation for solutions of wave equations with smooth coefficients. As such curvelets frames circumvent - besides the assumption of caustic-free data - the necessity to make parametric assumptions (e.g. through linear/parabolic Radon or demigration) regarding the shape of events in seismic data. A brief sketch of the theory is provided as well as a number of examples on synthetic and real data.
Trust or Verification? Accepting Vulnerability in the Making of the INF Treaty

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter uses the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty as a case study to explore the relationship between trust and verification. It argues that the acceptance of verification measures has to be considered an act of trust, since it implies the acceptance of one's vulnerability as a result of an altered perception of the trustworthiness of one's opponent. More specifically, the chapter illustrates how Gorbachev's notion of trustworthiness toward the United States changed through the influence of his inner circle, his understanding of the dynamics of a security dilemma fed by mutual fear and mistrust, his trusting actions toward the development of a common security on an international level, and his personal relationship with Ronald Reagan.
AN UNUSUAL REACTION IN MUSCLE IN ASSOCIATION WITH A VITALLIUM PLATE: A REPORT OF POSSIBLE METAL HYPERSENSITIVITY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A case is reported in which fractures of the radius and ulna were fixed with Vitallium plates and screws. Seven years later a painful swelling appeared over the extensor aspect of the forearm. After eight years sarcoma was suspected and a pale tumour infiltrating muscle was found at operation. However, the histology excluded neoplasia and showed massive fibrosis and patchy necrosis of muscle, with chronic inflammatory changes peripherally. After the removal of the metal the swelling disappeared. A sinus down to the ulna followed operation and was not cured two years later. At this stage standard patch testing showed skin sensitivity to cobalt. Metal sensitivity is proposed as the cause of this extraordinary reaction in muscle.
Diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging compared to surgical exploration for anterior skull base and medial orbital wall infiltration in advanced sinonasal tumors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Knowledge of medial orbital wall (MOW) and anterior skull base (ASB) infiltration is of uttermost importance for staging and therapy planning of advanced sinonasal tumors. Methods We assessed the diagnostic performance of preoperative computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for MOW and ASB infiltration compared to intraoperative exploration. Results Both CT and MRI yielded higher diagnostic accuracy for MOW infiltration (Reader 1: 83.6% CT; 89.0% MRI, Reader 2: 91.8% CT, 93.2% MRI) than for ASB infiltration (Reader 1: 82.2% CT, 82.2% MRI, Reader 2: 67.7% CT, 67.7% MRI). Both modalities were equal to the gold standard, except for ASB assessment by Reader 2 with MRI. A postoperative change of T classification is common (Reader 1: 28.8%, Reader 2: 31.5%). Conclusions CT and MRI are accurate methods for the assessment of MOW infiltration. ASB assessment is challenging and false‐positive and false‐negative findings are common with both methods, emphasizing the need for intraoperative exploration.
Warning signs for wave speed transitions of noisy Fisher-KPP invasion fronts

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Invasion waves are a fundamental building block of theoretical ecology. In this study we aim to take the first steps to link propagation failure and fast acceleration of traveling waves to critical transitions (or tipping points). The approach is based upon a detailed numerical study of various versions of the Fisher-Kolmogorov-Petrovskii-Piscounov (FKPP) equation. The main motivation of this work is to contribute to the following question: how much information do statistics, collected by a stationary observer, contain about the speed and bifurcations of traveling waves? We suggest warning signs based upon closeness to carrying capacity, second-order moments and transients of localized initial invasions.
Underlying Structure of the System Using Dynamic Clustering and Penrose Inverse

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

we propose a new perspective on the identification of linear dynamic system using structural similarity. The proposal consists in the meaningful exploration of each model, specifically behavior of the state variable. The decomposition of the behavior of a state variable in different modes of behavior of a system, each one has a different set of weights and shows different patterns of behavior. These weights are more significant than eigenvalue to develop a new technique for identifying linear system and invariants over time. We use two methods based on different areas of knowledge such as linear algebra and statistics. This paper is a conceptual proof that enriches the implementation and validity not only from point of view algorithmic likewise physic mathematical.
Grants of Representation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A grant of representation is an order of the High Court. The Family Division of the High Court has exclusive jurisdiction to make grants in England and Wales (s. 1(4) Administration of Justice Act 1970). A grant of representation is needed to administer the estate of any deceased person except where the estate consists only of cash and personal effects such as furniture and a car or where there are only investments in government securities (Post Office, National Savings and so on) within the Administration of Estates (Small Payments) Act 1965. This Act allow payment of up to £5000 in any particular form of government security, without the need for a grant.
The Large-Scale Environment Of The Cluster Forming Filament G351.77-0.51

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

ALMA polarization observations of G9.62+0.20, which is a massive star forming region presenting several cores at different evolutionary stages. I will show the relationship between the large-scale magnetic field probed by dust and the small- scale magnetic field already probed by masers, and the evolutionary differences between the magnetic field morphologies of the cores. I will also present our recent results from MERLIN observations of IRAS 18089-1732, a well studied massive protostar, where the small-scale magnetic field probed by methanol masers is consistent with the large-scale magnetic field probed by dust. Leurini Silvia Large-scale flows in a cluster forming filament: the case of G351.77- 0.51 The initial steps of star formation are believed to be tightly linked to the evolution of interstellar filaments. In contrast to lower-mass filaments, mass accretion from large scales in the form of sub-filaments seems to play a key role for the formation of their high-mass counterparts. The build up of massive filaments is still poorly understood and only a few examples are known to date. G351.77-0.51 is the youngest and most massive filament in the ATLASGAL survey of the Galactic plane within 1 kpc and it exhibits a remarkable large-scale network of filamentary structures seen in extinction at 8micron. In this talk, I will present a detailed study of the kinematics of G351.77 and of the network of sub-filaments converging based on C18O APEX data.
Design of High Field HTS Coils for Magnetic Mirror

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This paper outlines the preliminary design of an experimental compact (<2 tons), high-field (∼20 T on tape, ∼17 T at center bore), and conduction-cooled HTS REBCO magnet. An identical pair of these magnets will be manufactured for a magnetic mirror axial fusion device. The magnet consists of eight single pancakes in series, each of which is an interchangeable, dry-wound, partial-insulated winding. Once charged, the magnet is operated with a constant current and will be used in the presence of other magnets. Field-induced mechanical stresses in the winding pack are managed using a novel technique of 'partitions' keyed into structural plates. The system is conduction-cooled by cryocoolers to operate at 20 K. The winding pack is mechanically supported and thermally isolated in the cryostat by high-strength, low-thermal conductivity brackets designed to sustain over 60 tons of axial loading during peak device operating conditions.