jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Targeted Screening Approach to Systematically Identify the Absorbed Effect Substances of Poria cocos in Vivo Using Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Poria cocos are extensively used as nutritious food, dietary supplements, and oriental medicine in Asia. However, the effect substances are still not very clear. In this study, a targeted screening approach was developed to systematically identify absorbed constituents of Poria cocos in vivo using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry combined with UNIFI software. First, incubation reactions in vitro with rat intestinal microflora and rat liver microsomes were conducted to sum up metabolic rules of main constituents. Second, the absorbed constituents in vivo were picked out and identified based on the results of metabolic study in vitro. Finally, the absorbed active constituents in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease were screened by targeted network pharmacology analysis. A total of 62 absorbed prototypes and 59 metabolites were identified and characterized in dosed plasma. Thirty potential active constituents were screened, and 86 drug-targets shared by absorbed constituents and Alzheimer's disease were discovered by targeted network pharmacology analysis. In general, this proposed targeted strategy comprehensively provides new insight for active ingredients of Poria cocos.
The validity of self‐reported SARS‐CoV‐2 results among postpartum respondents

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Rapid and reliable health data on SARS‐CoV‐2 infection among pregnant individuals are needed to understand the influence of the virus on maternal health and child development, yet the validity of self‐reported COVID‐19 testing and diagnosis remains unknown. Objectives We assessed the validity of self‐reported COVID‐19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing and diagnosis during delivery among postpartum respondents as well as how diagnostic accuracy varied by respondent characteristics. Methods We validated receipt of a COVID‐19 PCR test and test results by comparing self‐reported results obtained through an electronic survey to electronic medical record data (gold standard) among a cross‐sectional sample of postpartum respondents who delivered at four New York City hospitals between March 2020 and January 2021. To assess validity, we calculated each indicator's sensitivity, specificity and the area under the receiver‐operating curve (AUC). We examined respondent characteristics (age, race/ethnicity, education level, health insurance, nativity, pre‐pregnancy obesity and birth characteristics) as predictors of reporting accuracy using modified Poisson regression. Results A total of 276 respondents had matched electronic record and survey data. The majority, 83.7% of respondents received a SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR test during their delivery stay. Of these, 12.1% had detected SARS‐CoV‐2. Among those tested, sensitivity (90.5%) and specificity (96.5%) were high for SARS‐CoV‐2 detection. The adjusted risk ratio (aRR) of accurate result reporting was somewhat lower among Hispanic women relative to white non‐Hispanic women (aRR 0.90, 95% CI 0.90, 1.00) and among those who had public or no insurance vs. private (aRR 0.91, 95% CI 0.82, 1.01), controlling for recall time. Conclusion(s) High recall accuracy result reporting for COVID‐19 PCR tests administered during labour and delivery suggest the potential for population‐based surveys as a rapid mechanism to obtain accurate data on COVID‐19 diagnostic history. Additional psychometric research is warranted to ensure accurate recall across respondent subgroups.
Stressed-strain state of structural elements of buildings by 3D-printing technology

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Problem statement. The results of surveys on development in the near future indicate that Ukraine has great prospects for low-rise construction. But low-rise construction can be economically justified when the cost of the land is minimal, or construction period is reduced to the maximum. Such a solution is construction using 3D-printing. This article provides examples of 3D-printing technology application in various industries, namely in construction; features of 3D-printers and their capabilities; investigations of the stress-strain state of an external load-bearing wall fragment and a two-storey residential building, constructed with 3D-printing technology. Purpose. Development of a method for calculating building envelopes and low-rise residential buildings in general, constructed with 3D-printing technology. Methods. Research of the stress-strain state of building structures produced by means of\n3D-printing technology was carried out using “LIRA − CAD 2013” software package. Results. Based on the calculations of the external wall fragment and a two-storey residential building, produced by 3D-printing technology, places where maximum stresses and displacements occur were identified. it was also found out that they do not exceed boundary values. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the basic guidelines for the calculation, design and installation technology of structures of low-rise residential buildings using 3D-construction printing technology are proposed taking into account the absence of a regulatory framework for this type of work. Practical value. The studies conducted allow us to manufacture individual building structures and low-rise buildings using 3D-printing technology.
Analyzing Extremist Fan Behavior on Major APP Platforms: A Communication Psychology Perspective in The Context of Ronaldo and Messi Fans

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The internet's growth and the emergence of new media have enriched our culture and opened new avenues for communication. Various platforms, including TikTok, Instagram, and YouTube, provide immediate access to news and information while allowing people to freely express their opinions. Yet, these technological advancements have also amplified real-world conflicts, leading to the rise of online group extremism. In the world of football, the rivalry between Ronaldo and Messi extends to their fan communities. The behavior and psychology of these football stars reflect Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, influencing their fans. This study examines group extremism through psychological and online communication lenses, aiming to understand the factors driving fans' online behaviors and the implications of their communication. The research addresses the impact of online fan culture, an area that has received limited scholarly attention. Through illustrative examples and percentage-based analysis, we explore the origins of online fan culture, the varied responses within different fan groups, and the consequences of this culture in the online sphere. We also delve into whether fans of Ronaldo and Messi can coexist harmoniously. This research offers insights into online fan culture and its effects on online communication dynamics.
The Myth of the Invisible Hand: A Discussion on Incomprehensible and Misused Concept of Economics

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The invisible hand is one of the most familiar and misunderstood concepts popularised by Adam Smith. Smith is the pioneer of the recognisance of economics as a social science. Thanks to the invisible hand mechanism, Smith argues that all economic activities in markets have no shortage of state intervention thanks to perfect competition. Markets consistently and spontaneously come to equilibrium at the full employment level via that. However, this mechanism is a myth, learned worldwide for years. Since the historical process, the state has always been at the stage in the constitution of a market order in economies. However, the underlined roles of the state have evolved correspondingly with the evolution of economic theories. In this context, the economic theories that have specified the general framework of economics are discussed in this paper. Eventually, it is concluded that the state always remains at the forefront of economies as a mechanism that backs up the formation of the market economy. Further, the process of COVID-19, which is expected to licking a new shape to economic theories, has also been investigated very briefly in this connection.
Endoscopic transnasal surgery for cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: pilot study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To summarize clinical experience of endoscopic transnasal surgery for treatment of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea. Methods From April 2011 to August 2018, 24 cases of CSF rhinorrhea patients were treated by endoscopic transnasal surgery. There were 11 (45.83%) iatrogenic injuries caused by transcranial microsurgical resection of craniopharyngioma (6 cases), endoscopic transnasal surgery for resection of pituitary adenoma (4 cases), or endoscopic transnasal surgery for optic canal decompression (one case). There were also 10 cases (41.67%) of traumatic and 3 cases (12.50%) of spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea. The leaks were located by preoperative CT, MRI, CT cisternography and MR hydrography. Endoscopic transnasal surgery for CSF rhinorrhea repair was performed. Results A total of 27 leaks were found by endoscopy in 24 cases, including 14 iatrogenic, 10 traumatic and 3 spontaneous. They were repaired by materials such as dissociated mucosal flaps, pedicled mucosal flaps, muscle tissue, fat tissue, fascia lata or artificial dura mater via unilateral or bilateral transethmoid, transnaso-sphenoidal or transnasal prelacrimal recess-pterygoid approaches. The success rate of the first operation was 91.67% (22/24), and the success rate of the second operation was 8.33% (2/24), therefore the total success rate was 100%. Two patients (8.33%) suffered from postoperative meningitis, and were cured by intrathecal injection of antibiotics and lumbar cistern drainage. All patients were followed-up for average 20 months, and no one relapsed. Conclusions Endoscopic transnasal approach is an effective technique for treating CSF rhinorrhea. It has the advantages of accurate location, small trauma, less postoperative complications and so on. Lumbar puncture or lumbar cistern drainage helps to improve the effect of surgery.\n \nDOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2019.04.007
Hyper Suprime-Cam Year 3 Results: Cosmology from Cosmic Shear Two-point Correlation Functions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We perform a blinded cosmology analysis with cosmic shear two-point correlation functions (2PCFs) measured from more than 25 million galaxies in the Hyper Suprime-Cam three-year shear catalog in four tomographic redshift bins ranging from 0.3 to 1.5. After conservative masking and galaxy selection, the survey covers 416 deg$^2$ of the northern sky with an effective galaxy number density of 15 arcmin$^{-2}$ over the four redshift bins. The 2PCFs adopted for cosmology analysis are measured in the angular range: $7.1 < θ/{\rm arcmin} < 56.6$ for $ξ_+$ and $31.2 <θ/{\rm arcmin} < 248$ for $ξ_-$, with a total signal-to-noise ratio of 26.6. We apply a conservative, wide, flat prior on the photometric redshift errors on the last two tomographic bins, and the relative magnitudes of the cosmic shear amplitude across four redshift bins allow us to calibrate the photometric redshift errors. With this flat prior on redshift errors, we find $Ω_{\rm m}=0.256_{-0.044}^{+0.056}$ and $S_8\equiv σ_8 \sqrt{Ω_{\rm m}/0.3}=0.769_{-0.034}^{+0.031}$ (both 68\% CI) for a flat $Λ$ cold dark matter cosmology. We find, after unblinding, that our constraint on $S_8$ is consistent with the Fourier space cosmic shear and the 3$\times$2pt analyses on the same HSC dataset. We carefully study the potential systematics from astrophysical and systematic model uncertainties in our fiducial analysis using synthetic data, and report no biases (including projection bias in the posterior space) greater than $0.5σ$ in the estimation of $S_8$. Our analysis hints that the mean redshifts of the two highest tomographic bins are higher than initially estimated. In addition, a number of consistency tests are conducted to assess the robustness of our analysis. Comparing our result with Planck-2018 cosmic microwave background observations, we find a ~$2σ$ tension for the $Λ$CDM model.
N ‐linked glycosylation of Hemagglutinin Globular Head Modulates the Antibody Response to H3N2 Influenza A Virus

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Molecular evolution of humanH3N2 influenza A viruses (IAV) has included the progressive addition of N ‐linked glycans onto the hemagglutinin(HA) globular head. The pandemic H3N2 virus A/Hong Kong/1/1968 (HK68) possessed only two glycosylation sites on the HA globular head at residues 81 and 165. In 1975 and 1999, periods of significant antigenic change, H3N2 IAV acquiredglycans at residues 63 and 126 (HK68+2) and residues 63, 126, 133, and 246(HK68+4), respectively. Differences in receptor binding, pathogenicity, and induction of T‐cell‐mediated immunopathology in mice between the HK68 and its glycosylation variants have previously been demonstrated. Here, we evaluated the consequences of this incremental glycosylation on antibody responses directed to HA. Total serum antibody titers against HA were measured 15 days after infection of mice with 10 5 TCID 50 of each virus by hemagglutination inhibition assay (HI) with various red blood cells (RBC) at room temperature (RT). The avidity was measured at 37°C. Sera from mice infected with any virus showed reactivity against all tested HAs. However, sera from mice infected with HK68 and HK68+2 (lower glycosylation) demonstrated relatively low reactivity against higher glycosylated HK68+4. Sera from HK68+4‐infected mice recognized all tested HAs at similar levels. Viral pathogenicity did not correlate with antibody titers or avidity, since moderate titers and avidity were observed with viruses of highest and lowest pathogenicity (HK68 and HK69+4 respectively), while higher titers and avidity were seen in sera of mice infected with HK68+2, whose pathogenicity is intermediate between HK69 and HK68+4. The data suggest that HA antibody responses may be influenced by HA glycan composition in ways that are unconnected to pathogenicity. Modification of N ‐linked glycosylation of the HA globular head may present a new approach for improvement of IAV vaccine efficacy.
TEACHING ENGLISH USING STORY BOOK READING TO THE FIFTH YEAR STUDENTS OF SDN 5 BOYOLALI IN 2008 / 2009 ACADEMIC YEAR

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research study is aimed at describing the teaching of English using story book reading to the fifth year students of SDN 5 Boyolali, and the problems faced by teacher in implementing the technique.
This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The researcher collects the data by observing English class and conducting in depth interview with the teacher and students of SDN 5 Boyolali. The data include field notes and interview transcript.
The result of the research shows that; the first, in teaching English using story book reading, the teacher always gives exercises or activities guided by the teacher. The activity is divided into three stages, namely pre-activity, whilst-activity, and post-activity. The second, the problems faced by teacher in using story book reading are; a) The teacher sometimes does not master the target language perfectly, b) The teacher gets difficulties to provide some different interesting activities in real situation in the classroom, c) The teacher needs more energy and time to teach, d) The teacher is difficult to manage the students in the class, and e) He spends much money to get the material like story book. The third, the students said that they enjoy and are interested in story book reading. They can improve the vocabulary from the story, easily memorize the material, play and learn the English lesson at once, practice reading, writing, and also speaking well. Finally, the researcher concludes that SDN 5 Boyolali is one of the schools that implements story book reading in teaching English. By using story book reading, the teacher of SDN 5 Boyolali gets better teaching learning process. Thus the material can be delivered maximally.
Ag-stained nucleolus organizer regions (Ag-NORs): expression in lymphocytes of patients with endometrial carcinoma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The authors have studied the nucleolus organizing regions (NORs) from short term cultures of lymphocytes of 15 women with endometrial adenocarcinoma and 15 healthy females. In contrast with the results of Literature, the frequence of NORs in patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma does not show any significative difference.
[The techniques to identify the epidural space do not influence the success rate in combined spinal-epidural anesthesia: a comparison between loss-of-resistance and hanging-drop].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The hanging-drop (HD) technique has been attributed to a negative epidural pressure induced by making a tent of the dura by the Tuohy needle. We, therefore, hypothesized that the HD technique would result in more successful intrathecal placement of the spinal needle in combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) compared with the loss-of-resistance (LR). Seventy patients received CSEA using the needle-through-needle method with a spinal needle extending 9 mm beyond the Tuohy needle. Success rate in obtaining cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at the first attempt was considerably low; 60% in HD and 57% in LR, which was not significantly different. Failure to obtain CSF after 3 attempts was not significantly different between the two techniques; 26% and 31% in HD and LR, respectively. In conclusion, there was no advantage of the HD technique for obtaining CSF in CESA compared with the LR. It seems that spinal needle length beyond the Tuohy needle should be more than 9 mm.
Analisis Faktor Determinan Kinerja BPRS di Indonesia Periode 2011-2019

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The main objective that BPRS have is to maximize their performance. Several problems that can disrupt the performance of BPRS are the characteristics of BPRS which not providing payment traffic services, and total assets, total financing and Third Party Funds (DPK) that BPRS have are lower than other types of Islamic banking. This study aims to analyze the factors that can affect the performance of the BPRS. This study uses 31 BPRS in Indonesia, where all data is obtained from the December quarterly reports of each BPRS on the website of the Financial Services Authority (OJK) with the period 2011 to 2019. The data analysis technique used in this study is panel data regression analysis. The results of the study found that the variables that had a significant influence on the performance of the BPRS were total assets, NPF and CAR.
Name‐changes in post‐war France: The traumatic experiences of the Shoah and its consequences on the second and third generation with reference to the example of name‐changes

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Starting from our collective initiative to work on the theme of 'The strength of the name', which has given rise both to a conference as well as a documentary called: And their name, they have changed it, I have sought to draw attention in this article to the difference between proper names, patronymic names, and the so-called Name-of-the-father. Pronouncing names involves designating the languages of names, which also refer to the accents of names, since I have proposed the idea that each name is evocative of a language, and that changing it also modifies the language of the name. I have approached the question of the name by considering cases of name-changes, essential with regard to Ashkenazi Jewish families who changed their name after the Shoah, along with the trauma that numerous Jewish families suffered after the war. French jurisprudence does not permit reversion to the original name, once it has been changed to a more French-sounding name, owing to the immutability of the name and the foreign sound of the names of origin.
SEGMENTATION OF LIVER TUMOR USING FAST GREEDY SNAKE ALGORITHM

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Back Ground: Liver tumors are a type of growth found in the liver which can be categorized as malignant or benign. It is also called as hepatic tumors. Early stage detection of tumor could be treated at a faster phase; if it is left undiagnosed it may lead to several complications. Traditional method adopted for diagnosis can be time consuming, error-prone and also requires an experts study. Hence a non invasive diagnostic method is required which overcomes the flaws of conventional method. Liver segmentation from CT images in post processing techniques not only is an essential prerequisite, but, by playing an important role in confirming liver function, pathological, and anatomical studies, is also a key technique for diagnosis of liver disease. Hence in the proposed study Fast greedy snakes algorithm in abdominal CT images were used for segmenting tumor portion. Aim & Objectives: The aim and objectives of study is: (i) to segment tumor region in the liver image using Fast Greedy Snakes Algorithm (FGSA); (ii) to extract the GLCM features from the segmented region; (iii) to classify the normal and abnormal liver image using neural network classifier. Methodology: The study involved a total of 30 normal and 30 abnormal Images from database. In the proposed study automated segmentation was performed using Fast Greedy Snakes (FGS) Algorithm and the features were extracted using GLCM method. Classification of normal and abnormal images was carried out using Back propagation Neural Network classifier. Result: The proposed FGS algorithm provides accurate segmentation in liver images. Statistical features like mean, kurtosis, correlation and Entropy showed a higher value for the normal image than liver tumor image. On the other hand, features like Skewness, Homogeneity, contrast, Energy and standard deviation showed a comparatively higher value for a liver tumor image than the normal. Statistical features such as Mean, Contrast, Homogeneity and standard deviation are statistically significant at [Formula: see text]. Features like correlation, entropy and energy exhibits significance at [Formula: see text]. The feature extracted values provided significant difference between the normal and abnormal liver images. The neural network classifier yields the sensitivity of 95.8%, sensitivity of 81.4% and achieved the overall accuracy of 92%. Conclusion: A most accurate, reliable and fast automated method was implemented to segment the liver tumor image using Fast Greedy snakes algorithm. Hence the proposed algorithm resulted in effective segmentation and the classifier could classify the normal and abnormal images with greater accuracy.
Characterization of periwinkle genotypes through DUS test

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

AbstractCatharanthus roseus has been reported to be very useful for the various medical and neutraceutical application besides its ornamental value. Information on morphological characters of periwinkle is needed for development and improvement of this plant species so that its full potential can be optimally utilized. This high diversity germplasm was obtained through exploration efforts. To be successfully utilized in plant breeding programs, the germplasm must be identified for the important characters and expected to have a broad diversity. As a result, an attempt was undertaken to characterize 11 periwinkle genotypes in order to produce identifying keys that are reliable and reasonably straightforward to conduct when applying DUS (distinctness, uniformity and stability) testing. However, distinct differences were noticed in vegetative and floral characters. The study on periwinkle genotypes has successfully demonstrated that all the genotypes differed significantly, which makes the candidate genotype eligible to seek protection in future. The present study therefore provides very useful leads for future research efforts in this direction.