jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Compromising anonymous communication systems using blind source separation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose a class of anonymity attacks to both wired and wireless anonymity networks. These attacks are based on the blind source separation algorithms widely used to recover individual signals from mixtures of signals in statistical signal processing. Since the philosophy behind the design of current anonymity networks is to mix traffic or to hide in crowds, the proposed anonymity attacks are very effective. The flow separation attack proposed for wired anonymity networks can separate the traffic in a mix network. Our experiments show that this attack is effective and scalable. By combining the flow separation method with frequency spectrum matching, a passive attacker can derive the traffic map of the mix network. We use a nontrivial network to show that the combined attack works. The proposed anonymity attacks for wireless networks can identify nodes in fully anonymized wireless networks using collections of very simple sensors. Based on a time series of counts of anonymous packets provided by the sensors, we estimate the number of nodes with the use of principal component analysis. We then proceed to separate the collected packet data into traffic flows that, with help of the spatial diversity in the available sensors, can be used to estimate the location of the wireless nodes. Our simulation experiments indicate that the estimators show high accuracy and high confidence for anonymized TCP traffic. Additional experiments indicate that the estimators perform very well in anonymous wireless networks that use traffic padding.
The Role of Speech Comprehension in the Early Stages of Theory of Mind Development in Children with ASD

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In order to determine whether the reported association between the development of theory of mind (ToM) and speech comprehension in ASD children also exists at the early stages of ToM development, a group of 33 children with ASD and reduced ToM development were tested using the Belief understanding subscale of the SToMM and the Speech comprehension subscale of the IDS-P. The statistical analyses demonstrated that children with ASD presenting different levels of early ToM skills also have different levels of speech comprehension. Accordingly, supporting the development of speech comprehension can facilitate the acquisition of early ToM skills. At the same time, the results of a qualitative analysis also suggested that manipulating objects in space, moving them as well as moving themselves may help children with ASD to complete ToM tasks.
Genotypic versus Behavioural Diversity for Teams of Programs under the 4-v-3 Keepaway Soccer Task

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Keepaway soccer is a challenging robot control task that has been widely used as a benchmark for evaluating multi-agent learning systems. The majority of research in this domain has been from the perspective of reinforcement learning (function approximation) and neuroevolution. One of the challenges under multi-agent tasks such as keepaway is to formulate effective mechanisms for diversity maintenance. Indeed the best results to date on this task utilize some form of neuroevolution with genotypic diversity. In this work, a symbiotic framework for evolving teams of programs is utilized with both genotypic and behavioural forms of diversity maintenance considered. Specific contributions of this work include a simple scheme for characterizing genotypic diversity under teams of programs and its comparison to behavioural formulations for diversity under the keepaway soccer task. Unlike previous research concerning diversity maintenance in genetic programming (GP), we are explicitly interested in solutions taking the form of teams of programs.
THE IMPACT OF GENDER-AFFIRMING HORMONE THERAPY ON SEXUAL DESIRE IN TRANSGENDER AND GENDER-DIVERSE INDIVIDUALS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives Sexual desire (SD) is a key element of sexual health, and thus an integral part of overall well-being. However, SD remains often unexplored in Transgender and Gender Diverse (TGD) individuals. How SD may be impaired before gender affirming care, and how it may change during hormonal treatment is therefore a timely topic of research. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in sexual desire, both solitary (with oneself) and dyadic (with another person), before and after the beginning of gender affirming hormone therapy (GAHT). Methods The sample of this study includes 49 TGD individuals with a diagnosis of gender dysphoria, seeking GAHT or undergoing GAHT for at least one year (24 Assigned Male at Birth, AMAB, and 25 Assigned Female at Birth, AFAB). The Sexual Desire Inventory scale (SDI) was used at baseline and after the beginning of GAHT to assess changes in sexual desire. ANCOVA was employed to analyze the effect of GAHT on sexual desire, controlling for the confounding effect of age. Results In AMAB individuals, GAHT significantly reduces both total and dyadic sexual desire. In contrast, in AFAB participants, GAHT significantly increases both total and dyadic sexual desire. Contrary to common assumptions, the interaction between GAHT and gender identity was not significant in relation to solitary sexual desire (F = 3.628, p = 0.075), but only for dyadic sexual desire (F = 8.506, p = 0.010). Conclusions GAHT may better be described as part of a greater pathway to gender affirming care. For this reason, its primary effects may transcend the common biological pathway of action of hormonal compounds. A high heterogeneity between participants was observed before and after GAHT; highlighting the need for patient-centered approaches in clinical practice to support the sexual health and well-being of TGD individuals. Conflicts of Interest No conflicts of interest.
Geostatistical simulations of eastern Bering Sea walleye pollock spatial distributions, to estimate sampling precision

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Walline, P. D. 2007. Geostatistical simulations of eastern Bering Sea walleye pollock spatial distributions, to estimate sampling precision. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 559–569. Sequential Gaussian and sequential indicator geostatistical simulation methods were used to estimate confidence intervals (CIs) for biomass estimates from six echo-integration trawl surveys of eastern Bering Sea walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) biomass. Uncertainty in the acoustic and the length frequency data was combined in the calculation of CIs. Sampling in 2002 provided evidence for isotropy in the spatial distribution. Variogram models were characterized by long ranges (75–122 nautical miles for non-zero acoustic data, for example) compared with the smallest dimension of the survey area (∼100 nautical miles) and small nugget effects (∼20% of the semi-variance in transformed normal space for acoustic data). The 95% CIs obtained for the abundance estimates did not vary greatly between years and were similar to those from a one-dimensional transitive geostatistical analysis, i.e. ± 5–9% of estimated total biomass.
Childhood trauma and psychological distress during adulthood in children from Huntington's disease families: An exploratory retrospective analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Children of people with Huntington's disease (HD) often face a wide range of early psychological challenges which may lead to further psychological difficulties later in life. Objective This exploratory retrospective study aimed to investigate the relationship between childhood traumatic experiences and psychological difficulties during adulthood in individuals raised in HD families compared to matched controls. Methods Thirty-eight adult children of people with HD and 20 matched controls completed a demographic questionnaire, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). Mann–Whitney U Tests were used to compare groups on all measures. A multiple regression model was developed within the HD Family group to investigate which aspects of childhood trauma best predicted psychological distress in adulthood. Results Compared to controls, people raised in an HD family reported significantly more total childhood trauma as well emotional abuse, physical abuse, and emotional and physical neglect. Global psychological distress in adulthood, depression, and psychoticism were also observed to be significantly higher in the HD Family Group. The regression model identified childhood emotional abuse as the only significant predictor of global psychological distress in adulthood. Conclusions Growing up in an HD family may be significantly associated with higher levels of self-reported childhood trauma as well as psychological distress in adulthood, with emotional abuse playing a more significant role in shaping long-term mental health outcomes.
Theoretical Prediction and Experimental Research of the Thermal Properties of Fatty Acid Mixtures

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The theoretical calculation formula was used to predict the phase transition temperature and latent heat of the binary mixtures. Phase transition temperature and latent heat were experimentally studied by differential scanning calorimeter and compared with theoretical and experimental values. It is proved that the theoretical calculation formula was feasible to predict the phase change temperature and latent heat of fatty acid mixtures. Capric acid, stearic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid and lauric acid organic phase-change materials were mixed to prepare binary mixtures. The results showed that the experimental data of phase transition temperature and latent heat of the binary mixtures were in good agreement with the theoretical ones. The results provide a reference and basis for the theoretical prediction of phase transition temperature and latent heat of phase transition for fatty acid mixtures.
[Incompatibility of the Cad plasmid from Yersinia pestis with plasmids of the IncFI group].

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The relation of Yersinia pestis calcium dependence plasmid (pCad) to known Inc FI (F'lac, R386, pOX38) and IncFV (F0lac) plasmids has been studied. Evidence that plasmid pCad of Yersinia pestis belongs to FI incompatibility group is presented.
An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study of the Functions of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Young Adults with and without a History of Interpersonal Trauma

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) involves acute deliberate damage to oneâ s body without suicidal intent. Considerable heterogeneity has been reported in NSSI characteristics and in the functions NSSI serves for individuals who engage in it. The present study investigated a theorized link between NSSI functions, particularly self-punishment, and interpersonal trauma history. As well, cross-sectional and experience sampling methodologies were compared. Participants were 39 community-based young adults (ages 18 to 30; 90% female) with a history of repeated NSSI and at least 2 NSSI urges in the previous 2 weeks. The sample was diverse: 44% identified non-European ethnocultural backgrounds and 46% identified nonheterosexual orientations. Electronic daily diary methodology was used. Participants tracked NSSI urges and acts for 21 days, completing measures of NSSI characteristics, urge severity, and functions. All participants completed the study (M = .49 missed days). All participants reported NSSI urges or acts (M = 5, SD = 4.21).\nNSSI characteristics related to trauma severity were number of NSSI methods, number of NSSI functions, and urge severity. NSSI functions related to trauma severity were affect regulation, interpersonal boundaries, anti-dissociation, self-care, and marking distress. In multiple regression analysis, a model including number of NSSI functions and the relevance scores for anti-dissociation and interpersonal boundaries functions predicted 34.2% of the variance in trauma severity and remained significant when controlling for the number of NSSI functions (p = .002). Although self-punishment did not correlate with trauma severity, it was endorsed by 95% of participants and for 81% of NSSI urges and acts. \nExperience sampling data reflected cross-sectional data, with significant correlations between measures of NSSI functions, urge severity, and NSSI method use. However, experience sampling contributed information about variation over time both across and within participants. Relevant to explanatory models of NSSI, some NSSI functions (e.g. anti-dissociation) exhibited more variation between participants and over time than others (e.g. affect regulation).\nFindings indicate that interpersonal trauma is important in explaining the heterogeneity of NSSI functions. Explanatory models of NSSI should account for the role of contextual factors such as trauma, and address the multiplicity of NSSI functions and the importance of self-punishment. Clinical and research implications are discussed.
Henstock–Kurzweil Integration on Euclidean Spaces

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The One-Dimensional Henstock-Kurzweil Integral The Multiple Henstock-Kurzweil Integral Lebesgue Integrable Functions Further Properties of Henstock-Kurzweil Integrable Functions The Henstock Variational Measure Multipliers for the Henstock-Kurzweil Integral Some Selected Topics in Trigonometric Series Some Applications of the Henstock-Kurzweil Integral to Double Trigonometric Series.
A 135-155 GHz 9.7%/16.6% DC-RF/DC-EIRP Efficiency Frequency Multiply-by-9 FMCW Transmitter in 28 nm CMOS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A low-power and high efficiency 135-155 GHz FMCW radar transmitter (TX) in 28 nm CMOS is presented. Starting from a 16 GHz signal, the x9 frequency multiplier chain proposes phase-controlled frequency triplers at D-band and V-band exploiting phase aligned harmonic generation for high efficiency, conversion gain and output power, avoiding the use of power-hungry buffer stages. The PA proposes a wideband maximum achievable gain (G max ) core to mitigate the gain limitation of D-band amplifiers. The design integrates an on-chip antenna and an optimized PA to antenna interface. The TX achieves a EIRP of 9.4 dBm with 9.7%/16.6% DC-RF/DC-EIRP efficiency which is the highest among the state-of-the-art D-band frequency multiplier chains multiplying more than four.
3D localization for unmanned vehicles using visual inputs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This thesis describes our efforts to tackle the 3D localization problem for unmanned vehicles using only visual data. Given the video stream of a camera, we wish to estimate the location of the camera accurately in real-time. We propose an indoor visual odometry system with a RGB-D camera pointing at the ceiling. The term visual odometry is chosen for its functional similarity with wheel odometry which incrementally estimates the position of a robot by counting the number of turns of its wheels over time. Similarly, visual odometry estimates the position of the robot by integrating its motion changes inferred from the images that captured by the on-board cameras. The main contribution of this algorithm is the introduction of principal direction detection that can greatly reduce error accumulation problem in most visual odometry estimation approaches. The proposed approach can be operated in real-time and it performs well even with cameras disturbance. For robots working in outdoor environments, an efficient visual odometry system is developed. Keypoints are detected using the FAST detector. The proposed feature descriptor is designed in such a way that it is not only invariant to rotation and llumination changes but also the difference between two descriptors can be computed very efficiently using Intel Streaming SIMD Extensions (SSE) instruction. The feature matching process is accelerated using prior statistical analysis of maximum and minimum feature displacements. Experimental results show that the proposed system can perform accurate visual odometry very efficiently in outdoor environments. In order to localize distant objects on the sea surface, an automatic self-calibration approach for wide baseline stereo cameras using sea surface images is introduced. Compared to the traditional stereo calibration method using calibration pattern, the proposed self-calibration approach automatically estimate cameras’ rotation matrices for stereo rig using the sea horizon and a point at infinite distance.
Selection Interview Performance and Intolerance of Ambiguity

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Budner's Intolerance of Ambiguity scale was given to 105 candidates taking part in 493 initial graduate recruitment interviews given by 103 interviewers. Intolerance of ambiguity was positively associated with candidates' level of anxiety before the interview but was negatively associated with their success in the interview. Candidates' anxiety and interview success were uncorrelated.
Rhodococcus spelaei sp. nov., isolated from a cave, and proposals that Rhodococcus biphenylivorans is a later synonym of Rhodococcus pyridinivorans, Rhodococcus qingshengii and Rhodococcus baikonurensis are later synonyms of Rhodococcus erythropolis, and Rhodococcus percolatus and Rhodococcus imtechensis are later synonyms of Rhodococcus opacus

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Two novel actinobacterial strains, designated C9-5 T and C3-43, were isolated from soil samples of a cave in Jeju Island, Republic of Korea, and subjected to taxonomic study by a polyphasic approach. The organisms exhibited a typical rod–coccus developmental cycle during growth and grew at 10–30 °C, pH 5–9 and 0–3 % (w/v) NaCl. In 92 single-copy core gene sequence analysis, strain C9-5 T was loosely associated with Rhodococcus tukisamuensis , albeit sharing low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.4 %). A combination of morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics supported assignment with the genus Rhodococcus . With respect to 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the novel isolates showed the highest identity to the type strain of Rhodococcus subtropicus (98.7 % sequence similarity), followed by Rhodococcus olei (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus pedocola (98.4 %).The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain C9-5 T and members of the genus Rhodococcus were ≤81.5 and ≤37.1 %, respectively. A set of physiological and chemotaxonomic properties together with overall genomic relatedness differentiated the novel isolates from members of the genus Rhodococcus , for which the name Rhodococcus spelaei sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is C9-5 T (=KACC 19822 T =DSM 107558 T ). Based on genome analysis performed here, it is also proposed that Rhodococcus biphenylivorans Su et al . 2015 is a later heterotypic synonym of Rhodococcus pyridinivorans Yoon et al . 2000, Rhodococcus qingshengii Xu et al . 2007 and Rhodococcus baikonurensis Li et al . 2004 are later heterotypic synonyms of Rhodococcus erythropolis (Gray and Thornton 1928) Goodfellow and Alderson 1979 (Approved Lists 1980), and Rhodococcus percolatus Briglia et al . 1996 and Rhodococcus imtechensis Ghosh et al . 2006 are later heterotypic synonyms of Rhodococcus opacus Klatte et al . 1995.
Influencing factors for perceived oral health for the improvement of quality of life in Korean elderly

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the influencing factors of the perceived oral health for improvement of quality of life in Korean elderly. Methods: The subjects were 1,289 elderly over 65 years old from the sixth National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013. The dependent variable was subjective oral health status. The independent variable was sociodemographic characteristics. Results: The perceived oral health of the unemployed elderly and those having chewing problems were 1.65-fold(95% CI=1.12=2.44) and 3.45-fold(95% CI=2.37-5.02), respectively than employed and chewable elderly. The perceived oral health of the former was 2.49-fold worse(95% CI=1.73-3.60) than the latter. Conclusions: The influencing factors of perceived oral health status included occupation, perceived health status and chewing problems. To improve the oral health-related quality of life in the elderly, continuous education and hands-on programs should be provided for the elderly in the long term care.
RARE COMPLICARON OF AN ENDOSCOPIC ~

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

RESUMEN: Se trata de un paciente varón de 50 años de edad que a raíz de un cólico renal derecho se le diagnos-tica una litiasis ureteral asociada con otras ubicadas en cálices renales homolaterales y microlitiasis en el riñon con-tralateral. Se le realiza una ureterolitotricia derecha dificultosa y prolongada por la extrema dureza del cálculo. Durante las maniobras se produce una perforación extraperitoneal evolucionando con una fístula uretero-retrope-ritoneal con evolución atípica. Se manifiestan consideraciones fisiopatológicas y se describe su tratamiento y evo-lución posterior.
Blood and Serum Components and Organ Weights in Steers, Bulls and Zeranol-Implanted Bulls

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

To investigate certain physiological aspects of the mode of action of zeranol or Ralgro on growth, behavior and carcass quality of young bulls, concentrations of 19 blood components and weights of eight organs were determined. Experimental animals consisted of 36 untreated steers, 36 untreated bulls, 36 bulls implanted with zeranol at 3 mo of age and subsequently at 5, 8 and 10 mo and 36 bulls implanted with zeranol at 6 mo of age and subsequently at 9 and 11 mo. In addition, half of the animals in each group were subjected to moderate pre-slaughter stress (mixing and trucking 160 km); the other half was subjected to minimum pre-slaughter stress (no mixing and 4 km transport). Concentrations of cortisol, urea nitrogen and albumin in serum were higher (P less than .01) and those of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and creatinine were lower (P less than .05) in steers than in intact males. Concentrations of GOT, LDH, and creatinine were higher (P less than .05) in implanted than those in control males. Pre-slaughter stress had a significant effect on several traits measured in blood or serum. Thyroid glands were smaller (P less than .01) in steers than in control and implanted males. Testes were smaller (P less than .01) in the zeranol-implanted than in untreated males. Results indicate that zeranol had only a minor effect on the 19 blood components studied, but it did reduce testicle size. Castration had a major impact on several of the blood components. Pre-slaughter management had a significant effect on several blood components.