jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Control of Odor-Guided Locomotion: Behavioral Flexibility as an Antidote to Environmental Unpredictability1

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Many animals find distant unseen resources by guiding their locomotion through fluid media, using olfactory information acquired from plumes of odorant molecules issuing from the resource of interest. This behavior occurs in birds and fish, but much of our knowledge of it derives from flying insects, especially moths. It is a highly integrative behavior, requiring not only the integration of olfactory information with a behavioral strategy to maintain contact with the odor plume, but also an ability to detect the direction of fluid flow that is carrying the odor cue. The temporal-spatial structure of the odor plume is determined by the fluid dynamics of the environment, and it profoundly affects the behavior. Thus, the success of animals (or artificial agents) is determined by an interaction between sensory input and internally generated behaviors. We have implemented behavioral-level simulations of odor-modulated moth flight to understand how the properties of the odor stimulus and the behavioral system interact to result in successful source location. Even simple reflexive models can track predictable, laminar-flow plumes, but only models with internally generated behaviors can track unpredictable, turbulent plumes. The "best" behavioral strategy depends on both the structure of the odor stimulus and an agent's performance limits.
The Constitutional Framework of the French Caribbean

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract France is a unitary State. As such, it only has one unique parliament, one unique government, and one unique constitution, which lays down the framework for the governance of its territories around the world. Included amongst these territories are Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint Martin and Saint Barthelemy, which are located in the Caribbean. This chapter focuses on the general framework of their functioning within the French Constitution. It begins by discussing the history of the French Caribbean. It then considers how the different territories are currently governed as an integral part of the State. It argues that the French Caribbean should not be regarded as a mere replica of the functioning of the administrative subdivisions of mainland France. The four French Caribbean territories are, to various degrees, more independent from the State’s interference than the other administrative subdivisions in mainland France.
Effects of cytidine diphosphate choline on rats with memory deficits.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The effects of cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP-choline, CAS 987-78-0) on learning and memory in rats with memory deficits were examined using behavioral methods of active avoidance with punishment reinforcement (shuttle-box), passive avoidance with punishment reinforcement (step-through and step-down), and active avoidance with positive (alimentary) reinforcement (staircase-maze). In the majority of experiments CDP-choline was applied orally at doses of 10-50 or 100 mg/kg daily for 7 days before the training session. The experiments were carried out on young-adult (aged 5 months) and old (aged 22 months) rats and on rats with a low capability for retention of learned behavior. Memory deficits were induced by the muscarinic cholinoceptor antagonist scopolamine (in young and old rats and mice), by the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine, by electroconvulsive shock, and by hypoxy. Memory deficits were also induced in rats offspring of dams that had been exposed to alcohol during pregnancy and lactation. The results suggest that CDP-choline acts as a memory-enhancing drug and that its effect is particularly pronounced in animals with memory deficits.
Spanish Elites From the Late 19th Century to the Present

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT The formation of the elites in Spain has been strongly influenced by the prolonged and late process of modernization of the country. The objective of the article is to analyze the peculiarities of the evolution of the elite system in Spain, resulting from a late modernization process marked by political, economic, and cultural conflicts. Thus, it explores the sociological determinants that have shaped the Spanish elites through a historical‐sociological synthesis based on secondary sources. To this end, the article analyzes the status of Spanish elites across three distinct epochs: from the late 19th century to the Spanish Civil War, during General Franco's dictatorship, and from the democratic transition to the present day. Each period is scrutinized to discern the composition and structure of these elites, categorized into political, economic, and cultural spheres. Additionally, the interplay and conflicts between these elite categories and broader society are delineated. Special consideration is given to the position of women as a marginalized group within the elites.
From Possessio to Paupertas: The Emergence of Religious Poverty as a Critical Spiritual Component of Medieval Christianity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Monasticism in the Early Middle Ages identified pride as the primary vice in Christian spirituality; its correlative remedy was the virtue of humility. The Agricultural and Commercial Revolutions in the Europe (1000–1300) spurred new prosperity and visible penury, occasioning new spiritual responses. The chief vice of Christian perfection became avarice and its remedy, voluntary poverty. The expression of this poverty took on several different, roughly chronological, forms: withdrawal from prosperous monasteries into solitude and simplicity of life (eremitism and reformed coenobitism); individual poverty and collective ownership of goods (canons regular communities); and total individual and collective poverty (among lay groups like the Waldensians). The prime exponent of this latter form in the thirteenth century was St. Francis of Assisi and his Order of Friars Minor.
Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Nigeria Indigenous Muscovy Duck Ecotypes using RAPD Marker

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Genetic characterization of Muscovy ducks collected from two agro- ecological zones of Nigeria (guinea savannah and rain forest) was carried out using Random amplified polymorphic DNA method. Seven random amplified polymorphic DNA primers were employed using blood sample from 50 birds from the two populations. The RAPD bands were scored for their presence (1) or absence (0). The genetic distance between the populations was calculated based on band sharing between the pooled sample profiles, 19 polymorphic bands ranging from 220 to 1660 basepairs. High similarity was obtained between the populations (0.86%), genetic distance was small 0.14, suggesting that they have common ancestor and evolved little adaptive variation as a result of distribution.
Alaska GeoSurvey News - Rampart STATEMAP project completes phase one

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In 1995 and 1996 DGGS conducted an airborne geophysical survey of the region, and in 1996 a ground-truth geological field program in the Tanana B-1 Quadrangle.Our mile-to-the-inch geologic map will be published in June.We've already published results of geochemistry, geochronology, and chert geochemistry.On February 13, Governor Tony Knowles stopped by the DGGS office to meet with staff and acknowledge the work the division is doing to advance the Governor's priorities.DGGS projects are important parts of the Governor's program to diversify and expand Alaska's economy and provide new job opportunities throughout the state.During his visit, the Governor spoke with geologist Laurel Burns and other team members responsible for implementing the state's airborne geophysical/geological mapping and mineral surveys
Insights into the Diagnosis and Prognosis of the Alkali–Silica Reaction (ASR) in Concrete Dams, Highlighting the Case of the Demolished Alto Ceira Dam in Portugal

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Over the past few decades, a significant number of large concrete structures with deterioration problems related to the alkali–silica reaction (ASR) have been identified in Portugal and worldwide. Assessing the condition of ASR-affected concrete dams involves both diagnosis and prognosis. Diagnosis evaluates the structure’s current state, while prognosis predicts deterioration and safety implications. This is key to estimate the period during which the structure will effectively perform its function, and essential for the timely and cost-effective planning of the necessary mitigation, rehabilitation, and/or reconstruction works. This article aims to contribute to the ongoing discussion of this topic by the scientific and technical community and, therefore, presents the methodology adopted to assess the condition of a severely ASR-affected concrete dam in Portugal, the Alto Ceira dam, in which the concrete was produced with susceptible to ASR quartzitic aggregates and that was decommissioned and replaced by a new one in 2014. The article provides a brief review of the diagnosis and prognosis of the ASR in concrete dams, presents and analyses the results from laboratory testing (including chemical, microstructural, physical, mechanical, and expansion tests), in-situ testing, structural monitoring systems, visual inspections, and numerical modelling, aiming at assessing ASR impacts and evidencing the utility of the reported methodology on the appraisal of ASR-affected structures.
Experimental comparison of robotics locomotion with passive tether and active tether

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Most small robots require a tethered connection with a power and control source. The tether has advantages, namely robust communication and safe recovery, and disadvantages, tangling with obstacles and rough terrain. Active tether is a new research area for tethered robot systems. It provides continuously distributed form of actuation for robots that results from the effect of water hammer. It also reduces the friction of the tether by the jerks from the water hammer effect. In this paper, we duplicate the active tethered system and test the performance of the active tethered system by comparing it with passive tethered system under our test conditions for mobile robot. The two experimental comparison tests are distance test and drag test, which all show the advantage of the active tethered system. Furthermore, we address the broad impact of this novel form of locomotion.
Perspectives for next generation ground- and space-based interferometers

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this review paper, we first recall the basic principles and rationale for building stellar interferometers. The characteristics and major scientific results of current interferometric facilities are then briefly presented as well as the main features of upcoming ones. This review is used as a basis for discussing the scientific case for a next generation interferometric facility and the associated technological challenges. Finally, we present some concepts already envisaged on the ground and in space, and conclude with the necessity of defining priorities that could lead to a consensus for this next generation facility.
Efficacy and safety of tai chi for hyperlipidaemia: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction The prevalence of hyperlipidaemia is increasing, and patients with hyperlipidaemia are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. In recent years, there has been a growing number of studies on tai chi for hyperlipidaemia. However, a systematic review on its efficacy and safety is not available. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tai chi for hyperlipidaemia. Methods and analysis Four English databases and four Chinese databases will be searched from their inception to May 2021: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, VIP Database and Wanfang Database. Chinese and English randomised controlled trials related to tai chi for hyperlipidaemia will be included. Two reviewers should independently carry out study selection, data extraction and risk assessment of bias. The risk of bias in the study will be assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias tool. RevMan (V.5.4) statistical software will be applied for meta-analysis. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system approach will be employed to assess the quality of evidence. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval is not required because this protocol will not involve patients’ individual information and jeopardise the rights of patients. The meta-analysis result will be reported in peer-reviewed journals or disseminated at related conferences. OSF registration number DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/79D2S.
Application of Newton's law of cooling in production line

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The objective of this study is to solve the problem of the packaging process when handling canned food. In the thermal process the sterilization of the food product is carried out in addition to the cooking, a thermal shock is created to eliminate 100% the microorganisms that can damage the product; in addition it must comply with the NOM-130-SSA1-1995, Goods and services. Food packed in hermetically sealed containers and subjected to heat treatment. The temperature of exit is of 75 ° C, not being pertinent for the handle of the finished product and in agreement with the internal specification of the company, the temperature for the handle and packaging must be of 40 ° C. The methodology used is Newton's Law of Cooling for heat transfer, which states that the rate of heat exchange between an object and its environment is proportional to the temperature difference between the object and the environment. The differential equation is solved and the results obtained are validated with tests in the production line. The main contribution is that science is applied to solve a problem in a production line.
Atlanta congestion reduction demonstration. National evaluation : travel demand management (TDM) data test plan.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This report presents the test plan for collecting and analyzing data dealing with travel demand \nmanagement (TDM) activities for the Atlanta Congestion Reduction Demonstration (CRD) under the \nUnited States Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) Urban Partnership Agreement (UPA) and CRD \nPrograms. The Atlanta CRD projects include the conversion of lanes for high occupancy vehicles \n(HOV) on approximately 16-miles of I-85 to high occupancy toll (HOT) lanes along with expansion and \nenhancement of transit service in that corridor, including new and expanded park-and-ride lots. The \nTDM Data Test Plan is based on the Atlanta CRD National Evaluation Plan. This test plan describes the \nTDM data sources, data availability, and possible risks associated with the data. The methods for \nanalyzing the TDM data are discussed. The schedule and responsibility for collecting, analyzing, and \nreporting the TDM data are presented.\n
Bayesian Estimation and Smoothing of the Baseline Hazard in Discrete Time Duration Models

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper proposes a Bayesian approach for estimating and smoothing the baseline hazard in a discrete time hazard model. The hazard model is specified as a multiperiod probit model and estimated using a Gibbs sampler with data augmentation. The baseline hazard specification is smoothed using the smoothness priors introduced by Shiller (1973). The methods proposed in this paper are then used to study the effect of Canadian Unemployment Insurance eligibility rules on employment durations from New Brunswick, Canada. © 2000 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Thinking Ecographically: Places, Ecographers, and Environmentalism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The literature on environment-animal-human relations, place, and space, tends to emphasize cultural differences between global interests and local environmental practices. While this literature contributes substantially to our understanding of resource management, traditional ecological knowledge, and environmental protection, the work of key persons imbricated in both global and local positions has been elided. In this article, we propose a theory of “ecographers” as individuals particularly positioned to relate an indigenous epistemology of the local environment with reference to traditional and introduced forms of knowledge, practice, and uses of places, spaces, and inter-species relationships. We ground our analysis in ethnographic research among two Pacific communities, but draw parallels with individuals from varied ethnographic and environmental settings. This new concept offers a powerful cross-cultural approach to ecological strategizing relationships; one grounded by local yet globally and historically inflected agents of the present.
Human Drug Efflux Transporter ABCC5 Confers Acquired Resistance to Pemetrexed in Breast Cancer

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Aim Pemetrexed, a new generation antifolate drug, is approved for the treatment for locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer, but factors affecting the efficacy and resistance of it have yet to be fully explicit. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters have been reported as prognostic and adverse effects predictors of many xenobiotics. This study was designed to explore whether ABC transporters affect pemetrexed resistance and may contribute to treatment regimen optimization for breast cancer. Methods Firstly, the expression of ABC transporters family members was measured in cell lines, thereafter examined the potential role of ABC transporter in conferring resistance to pemetrexed in primary cancer cell lines isolated from 34 breast cancer patients, and then the role of ABCC5 in mediating transport of pemetrexed and apoptosis pathway in MCF-7 cell line was assessed. Finally, the functions of ABCC5 on therapeutic effect of pemetrexed was evaluated in breast cancer bearing mice. Results The expressions of ABCC2, ABCC4, ABCC5 and ABCG2 were significantly increased in pan-resistance cell line, and the ABCC5, the most obvious one, was 5.21 times higher than that of the control group. The expression of ABCC5 was inversely correlated with sensitivity (IC 50 ) of pemetrexed (r = 0.741; p <0.001) in breast cancer cells from 34 patients. Furthermore, we found that the expression of ABCC5 influenced the efflux and cytotoxicity of pemetrexed in MCF-7 cell line, and the IC 50 were 0.06 μg/ml and 0.20 μg/ml in ABCC5 knock-down and over-expression cells, respectively. In in vivo study, we found ABCC5 affected the sensitivity of pemetrexed in breast cancer bearing mice, and the tumor volume was much larger in ABCC5 over-expression group than that in control group (2.7 folds vs 1.3 folds). Conclusions Our results indicated ABCC5 expression was associated with pemetrexed resistance in vitro and in vivo, and may be a biomarker for regimen optimization of pemetrexed in breast cancer treatment.
Localization of hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase in the mammalian pineal gland and retina.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The pineal hormone, melatonin, has been reported to be synthesized in the retina by the enzyme, hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT). Several laboratories have suggested that melatonin may be involved in photoreceptor outer segment disc shedding, photomechanical movements, and neuromodulation, but the cellular location of the retinal synthesizing enzymes has not been determined yet. Antiserum to HIOMT was obtained from rabbits immunized with bovine pineal extract. The monospecific immunoglobulins to HIOMT were isolated by positive-negative selection using pineal extract-sepharose and brain extract-sepharose affinity chromatography. The purity and specificity of the antibody to HIOMT was confirmed by immunodiffusion, electroblot immunolabeling, SDS-PAGE, and immunoprecipitin titration. Using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique, HIOMT was localized in the pinealocytes of bovine and human pineal glands obtained during the light period. Rat pineal glands obtained during the dark period exhibited HIOMT immunoreactivity, whereas rat pineal glands obtained during the light period did not. Some pinealocytes of the bovine pineal did not exhibit HIOMT immunoreactivity, suggesting that not all pinealocytes are actively involved in melatonin synthesis. HIOMT was localized in the photoreceptors of bovine, rat, and human retinas, and some labeling also was observed in the inner retina, although the latter showed some species variation. This observation supports the hypothesis that photoreceptors are capable of melatonin synthesis.
PELAYANAN PUBLIK BAGI PEMENUHAN HAK-HAK DISABILITAS DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research aims to analyze public policy and service implemented to people with disability. This research is important and interesting because of lack of government’s attention in fulfilling the rights of people with disability.This qualitative descriptive research shows that Yogyakarta City Government has made serious effort to give friendly public service to people with disability. Education Office has launched inclusive education program to give them opportunity to access equal and indiscriminative education. Furthermore, the presence of Blind Corner in Arpusda shows City Government’s effort to equalize them. In term of health, there is Jamkesmas special for people with disability, even though in its practice it is still rarely used by the group. In term of social, Social, Labor, and Transmigration Office has given some aids and capital mentoring every month to families with disability and employed them. The presence of Transjogja and special vehicle for them is effort to equalize them in society. However, programs to make friendly service have not been optimum because of the obstacles in its implementation. Human resource barrier, budget and people’s stigma toward people with disability make fair public service implementation is less effective. Keywords: public service, disability, Yogyakarta City.