jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
“Shoot! Can We Restart the Interview?”: Lessons From Practicing “Uncomfortable Reflexivity”

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Failure is a typical experience in research, but it is largely taboo in published studies. In recent years, however, we can observe a small yet growing body of literature on failure in qualitative research to address this gap. In this article, I contribute my experiences of failed interviews in a mixed-methods study in Germany to this body of literature and highlight some aspects of failure that have not yet received enough attention. First, in my example, it was not only one interview or a few interviews that failed; rather, it seemed that the whole study failed in design due to particular methodical decisions. Second, failed research presents an intellectual challenge, but it also produces emotional and social trouble because failed research might be attributed to a failed researcher. This may be one reason failure is so damaging for one’s well-being and so difficult to share. Nevertheless, practicing some form of “uncomfortable reflexivity” (Pillow, 2003) via qualitative, close analysis helped me navigate the research process, gain methodical insights and substantive results. Third, I share lessons that might be useful for other researchers: reading literature on failure, the search for a safe and supportive space, and analyzing failure as closely and early as possible.
COPING AND ACCEPTANCE PAIN WITH QUALITY OF LIFE ADOLESCENTS WITH PRIMARY DYSMENORRHEA

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Dysmenorrhea is a symptom of pain experienced before or during menstruation. Based on literature review and previous research, the negative impact of basic education on adolescent girls has decreased quality of life by 80%. Good quality of life after experiencing primary dysmenorrhea with coping strategies and pain acceptance. This study aims to analyze the relationship between coping and acceptance with quality of life in adolescents with primary dysmenorrhea. Methods: This study uses analytical observational with a cross sectional approach. A sample of 43 students was obtained using simple random sampling at SMP PGRI Mekarmanik with the inclusion criteria of adolescent girls aged 13-16 years who had experienced menstruation in the last 3 months and experienced primary dysmenorrhea. Data collection was carried out online using a Google Form containing structured questionnaires WOC, CPAQ-8, WHO-QOLBRIEF and NPRS. Then analyze the data with Chi Square and Rank Spearman tests with a significance limit of 5%. Results: The percentage of respondents who experienced primary dysmenorrhea was 100% with the majority of moderate pain degrees 51.16%. There is no relationship between coping strategies and quality of life (p=0.897) because the majority of respondents use the EFC coping strategy, namely Emotional Focused Coping, where this strategy is used by people who are chronic and have low quality of life. There is a relationship between pain acceptance and quality of life (p = 0.006), it is found that high pain acceptance makes individuals adapt and reduce their attention to pain so as to optimize their daily functioning. Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between coping strategies and quality of life, but there is a significant relationship between pain acceptance and quality of life.
Myocardial contrast echocardiography for the assessment of left ventricular function.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Assessment of regional and global left ventricular (LV) function is important in the management of patients with known or suspected cardiovascular disease. Echocardiography is widely used to provide vital parameters of LV function such as ejection fraction, wall motion score indices, LV volumes and regional wall motion assessment. Despite advances in image quality some images may still be inadequate for accurate assessment of LV function. The advent of intravenous contrast agents consisting of microbubbles have allowed improved endocardial definition leading to better assessment of global and regional function. This together with advances in low power imaging techniques allow less microbubble destruction and hence smaller doses of contrast agent. Improved endocardial definition has also lead to advances in techniques for the automated quantification of LV function. As a result contrast enhanced echocardiography may become the gold-standard in the assessment of wall motion and LV function.
Second-line therapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: Cytotoxic agents or tyrosine kinase inhibitors? Our experience.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

e18063 Background: Despite a number of effective first-line regimens, virtually all patients (pts) with advanced NSCLC will relapse. A second line therapy with docetaxel or pemetrexed, according to tumour histotype, represents the standard treatment for pts with a good performance status (PS). The introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for pre-treated NSCLC pts have added a valid option in this setting. Methods: We have analyzed outcome data of 85 NSCLC pts (table), who received after a platinum-based chemotherapy, a second-line therapy with docetaxel, pemetrexed, erlotinib or gefitinib (expanded access program), in order to assess and compare their efficacy and tolerability in this setting. Results: As regards chemotherapy, pemetrexed was superior to docetaxel in all measures (RR 45% vs 5 %, TTP 5.5 vs 4.5 months, median survival 13.8 vs 9.9 months), but only RR was statistically significant (p=0.003). Gefitinib obtained a better TTP and OS than erlotinib, although the differences were not statistically significant (7.9 vs 7.6 months; 15.4 vs 13.3 months respectively). But, RR was more relevant for erlotinib (29.2% vs 15% (p=0.2), even if an increased number of disease stabilization was recorded for gefitinib (65% vs 29.1%). Significant differences were observed in RR between pemetrexed and gefitinib (p=0.03) and erlotinib and docetaxel (p=0.03). All toxicities recorded were manageable. Conclusions: In our study, TKIs, above all gefitinib, seem to be a favourable choice for second line treatment, obtaining good response rates, with important stabilizations of disease and a relevant median survival, not strictly related to the histotype. Neverthless, for non squamous pts pemetrexed remains an important therapeutic choice. Patients characteristics. Docetaxel (21 pts) Pemetrexed (20 pts) Erlotinib (24 pts) Gefitinib (20 pts) Male/female 18/3 15/5 14/10 15/5 Median age 64.2 (50-78) 61.4 (46-79) 63.1 (42-80) 70.8 (54-81) PS0/PS1/PS2 9/10/2 10/9/1 9/11/4 7/9/4 Squamous Adenocarcinoma Others 12 1 8 1 16 3 11 12 1 9 7 4 Stage (IIIB/IV) 11/10 5/15 2/22 5/15 Third line therapy 11 10 8 8
A new technique in double‐bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with implant‐free tibial fixation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose This case‐series outcome study presents a surgical technique for anatomic double‐bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with 4‐tunnel using two interference screws. There was a 2‐year minimum follow‐up. Methods From January to December 2009, an ACL 4‐tunnel, anatomic, double‐bundle reconstruction was performed on 27 patients. Double‐strand hamstring tendon grafts were used in each femoral tunnel as well as two interference screws. Tibial fixation was insured through manual tension, by tying non‐absorbable sutures on the bone bridge between the two tunnels at 20° of knee flexion. Clinical assessments included the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Lysholm knee scores, range of motion (ROM), pivot‐shift test, single‐leg hop, and quadriceps‐hamstrings strength tests using a hand‐held dynamometer. Anterior knee laxity was also assessed using a rolimeter. A single examiner performed all testing pre‐operatively at 6 months and during the 2‐year follow‐up. Results All patients were assessed during the 2‐year follow‐up. At that time, 92 % of the patients presented normal anterior laxity (average, 1.3 ± 0.5 mm) and rotational knee stability. No statistical side‐to‐side difference was found for ROM, muscle strength, single‐leg hop, and function (n.s.). All patients presented a normal knee function according to the IKDC and the Lysholm score. In addition, no infection, graft failure, or pain were observed at the harvesting site. Conclusion The study shows that satisfactory results in relation to knee laxity, function, and strength can be achieved with the implant‐free tibial fixation in the ACL double‐bundle reconstruction with two interference screws. Level of evidence Therapeutic case series, Level IV.
Imprisonment

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

It is appropriate that a lecture in a series on ‘Philosophy and Practice’ should open by considering Bentham's ideas on imprisonment. For Bentham, incontestably a philosopher, was equally incontestably a practical reformer. This, indeed, is a received idea among philosophers; that is to say, most philosophers know that Bentham designed ‘a model prison of novel design’ (Mary Warnock), but few have actually considered the design, its implications or its effects. Most are content, like Warnock, with observing that the panopticon plan was formally rejected, before passing on to the abstraction of Bentham's felicific calculus, his notion of utility, and his ideas about the foundations of law. Yet, strange as it may seem, the underlying idea of the panopticon has never been completely abandoned. One aspect of the idea pervades penal thinking, even while prison practice is still influenced by Bentham's practical proposals; moreover, the panoptic ideal has taken root far beyond the walls of actual prisons. Here is philosophy in practice, and yet, in many ways, practically and intellectually a failure.
DALL-MILES CABLE AND PLATE SYSTEM FOR PERIPROSTHETIC FEMORAL FRACTURES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To review the results of periprosthetic femoral fractures treated using Dall-Miles cable and plates. Periprosthetic femoral fractures are increasingly common and their treatment is challanging for Orthopaedic surgeons. Dall-Miles cable and palte system is the current impalnt of choice for periprosthetic femoral fractures following hip arthroplasty. Between January 1999 and December 2001, twenty-two patients with periprosthetic femoral fracture around hip arthroplasty were treated with Dall-Miles system. Thirteen patients required bone grafting (allograft) at time of surgery. The average age of the group was 82 with eighteen females and four men. Thirteen were Vancouver type B2, two type B1, six type C and one type A fracture. All patients were followed up to fracture union. Two patients had fracture of the plate and required further surgery. Two patients had symptomatic loosening even though the fracture had united and underwent revision hip replacement. These four patients were Vancouver type B2. Nine Vancouver B2 patients had fracture union with no need for revision. All other patients had fracture union with no major complications. The Dall-Miles cable and plate system provides an easy to use implant with satisfactory outcome. The simplicity of the system allows widespread acceptance in these increasingly common fractures. It is particularly useful to obtain bony union in elderly patients not fit enough for a major revision surgery.
Exploring the Importance of Dimerization for DJ‐1 Function through Engineered Domain Fusions

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Parkinson's Disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects approximately 6.3 million people worldwide and is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. DJ‐1 (PARK7) is one of several genes that are mutated in rare forms of familial parkinsonism. DJ‐1 is a dimeric cytoprotective protein that defends against oxidative stress and preserves mitochondrial function. Dimerization of DJ‐1 is thought to be essential for this function, as some disease‐associated mutations cause poor folding and disrupt the DJ‐1 dimer. However, recent reports suggest that DJ‐1 may be functional as a monomer. To test this, we have engineered a non‐dissociable DJ‐1 dimer that is a fusion of two human DJ‐1 domains. This construct cannot dissociate into monomers and thus will provide a stringent test of the importance of monomeric DJ‐1. Our engineered construct is modeled on plant DJ‐1 homologs, which feature naturally occurring duplicate DJ‐1 domains separated by a small (19 amino acid) linker region. Using X‐ray crystallography, we confirmed that this engineered non‐dissociable human DJ‐1 dimer has identical structure to the naturally occurring dimeric protein. We have investigated the influence of enforced dimerization of the pathogenic effects of the parkinsonian L166P and L10P mutations. CD spectroscopic analysis reveals that single and double L166P mutations in the non‐dissociable DJ‐1 dimer maintain a higher degree of structure than L166P mutations in the native protein. Additional characterization of the protective capacity and subcellular trafficking of this non‐dissociable DJ‐1 dimer in human cells is underway.
Preparation and evaluation of transdermal patches of papaverine hydrochloride

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Transdermal patches of Papaverine hydrochloride were prepared by solvent casting method using ethyl cellulose: PVP, PVA: PVP and eudragit RL-100: eudragit RS-100 in different ratios. The physicochemical parameters like flexibility, thickness, smoothness, weight variation, moisture content, hardness and tensile strength were evaluated and found to be flexible, uniform thickness and weight, smooth, good drug content (92 to 96%) and little moisture absorption. The in-vitro diffusion studies were carried out using modified Keshery-Chein cell with cellophane as diffusion membrane and the formulation followed Higuchi diffusion mechanism. The formulation containing PVA:PVP as polymers showed faster release rate (hydrophilic polymers) compared to eudragit RL-100:eudragit RS-100 (hydrophobic polymers) or combination of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers (Ethyl cellulose and PVP). The stability studies indicated that all the patches maintained good physicochemical properties and drug content after storing the patches in different storage conditions. Compatibility studies indicated that there was no interaction between the drug and polymers. In vivo studies showed that papaverine hydrochloride helps in decreasing the effect of isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis.
Evaluating the Effects of Production Inputs, Climate and Insurance Protection Policy on Income Equality of Wheat Producers in Khorasan Provinces

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract: The purpose of this study is that, whether inputs and insurance protection policy can effect on income inequality or not? The data which was needed for this study was gained by stratified simple random sampling from 573 wheat insured and uninsured farmers in North, Razavi and South Khorasan provinces in 1383. Result of this study showed that wheat farmer’s income tends to inequality as among the effective factors in production, land cultivated has the most shares and insurance has the lowest share in inequality. In other words insurance can lead to improve the income distribution. Climate share in income inequality is more than insurance share and climate share in income inequality of uninsured farmers is more than insured farmers. Also income inequality in North Khorasan with cold climate is more than other two provinces and insurance share in income inequality in Razavi with moderate climate is more than other two Provinces. At end of this study with respect to results, some suggestions are offered. Key words: Income distribution Shorrocks model Insurance Khorasan.
On-Line Integration of Cardiological Data to Support Medical Decision Making in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the last years we developed a system that integrates through a virtual 3D-dynamic heart model all the pertinent clinical and instrumental information obtained in patients hospitalized for suspected or documented ischemic heart disease (IHD). In the present study we retrospectively compared the diagnosis formulated by the cardiologist in the discharge record with the one automatically provided by the system. Divergences were found in 27% of the 110 patients studied and classified into four types: I) inability of the system to provide the correct diagnosis because of the lack of the pertinent diagnostic parameters in the model (3%), cardiologistis diagnosis which was either II) not supported by objective data (3%), or III) in conflict with the available information (10%), or IV) incomplete (11%). An experimental trial has been started in which the cardiologist in charge of the patient uses the automatic system during the diagnostic process and the compilation of the discharge report.
Thinning Treatments Reduce Deep Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Stocks in a Coastal Pacific Northwest Forest

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Forests provide valuable ecosystem and societal services, including the sequestration of carbon (C) from the atmosphere. Management practices can impact both soil C and nitrogen (N) cycling. This study examines soil organic C (SOC) and N responses to thinning and fertilization treatments. Soil was sampled at an intensively managed Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) plantation in north-western Oregon, USA. Management regimes—thinning, fertilization plus thinning, and no (control) treatment—were randomly assigned to nine 0.2-ha plots established in 1989 in a juvenile stand. Prior to harvest, forest floor and soil bulk density and chemical analysis samples were collected by depth to 150 cm. During a single rotation of ~40 years, thinning treatments significantly reduced SOC and N stocks by 25% and 27%, respectively, compared to no treatment. Most of this loss occurred in deeper soil layers (below ~20 cm). Fertilization plus thinning treatments also reduced SOC and N stocks, but not significantly. Across all management regimes, deeper soil layers comprised the majority of SOC and N stocks. This study shows that: (1) accurately quantifying and comparing SOC and N stocks requires sampling deep soil; and (2) forest management can substantially impact both surface and deep SOC and N stocks on decadal timescales.
Effect of application of organic and inorganic fertilizer on soybean yield in lowland Vertisols

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Application of organic fertilizer can maintain and improve physical, chemical, and biological soil fertility and plant productivity. However, the use of manure requires a long time and a relatively large amount to have a positive impact on the soil and plants. In this regard, a study was carried out to evaluate the effect of the application of organic fertilizer and NPK inorganic fertilizer on soybean in lowland Vertisol. The study was conducted in lowland Vertisols in Ngawi and Madiun. The experiment used a randomized block design with three replications, with combination treatments of cow and chicken manure, Santap NM1 and NM2 fertilizer, and Phonska. The soybean seed used in this research was Local Central Java/Sinabung-1036 soybean line. The results showed that in lowland Vertisol of Ngawi which is rich in P element, application of 5,000 kg of cow manure/ha, 3,000 kg of chicken manure/ha, 1,500-2,500 kg/ha Santap NM1 and NM2 fertilizers, and 300 kg of Phonska/ha is not required. The yield of Local Central Java/Sinabung-1036 soybean line reached 1.95 t/ha. The lowland Vertisol of Madiun which has poor P element requires the addition of 5,000 kg of cow manure/ha, 1,500-2,500 kg/ha of Santap NM2 fertilizer, and 150 kg of Phonska/ha to increase soybean yield by 21-27% (0.42-0.55 t/ha). The quality and productivity of soil and crop cultivation in sustainable agriculture can be maintained by alternative recommendations for the use of organic and inorganic fertilizer inputs.
Role of outflow surgery in the rehabilitation of male paraplegic patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The role of bladder neck resection and division of the external sphincter in the establishing of micturition in patients with traumatic paraplegia is evaluated, based on a series of male admissions seen at Liverpool and at Stoke Mandeville. Operation was performed in about 30% of patients. It was extremely successful in eliminating the residual urine and infection and in establishing a satisfactory pattern of micturition. Impotence developed in only about 30% of cases.
An integrative review on women living with obstetric fistula and after treatment experiences

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aims and objectives To review literature on the experiences of women with obstetric fistula, their lived experiences after treatment; and to provide evidence for future research. Background Obstetric fistula is an injury most commonly resulting from a prolonged labour. Long eradicated in developed countries, obstetric fistula remains a public health issue in sub‐Saharan Africa and Asia. This is a highly stigmatised health condition, and an understanding of the women's experience is required to inform holistic approaches for care and prevention. Design A search of literature was conducted on databases of EBSCO host (Academic Search Premier, MEDLINE , Psych INFO , CINAHL ), Web of Science; and websites of international organizations such as Women's Dignity Project and EngenderHealth. Keywords, Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined and 25 articles published between 2004 to January 2015 were identified. Methods An integrative review of 25 articles was carried out. Results Three broad themes were identified: Challenges of living with fistula; treatment and care experiences; and reintegration experiences of women after fistula repair. Conclusions Living with a fistula presents multidimensional consequences affecting women, families and communities. Accessing treatment is difficult and there are no standardised treatment packages. Surgical repairs were variable in their success rate. Some authors claim women resume normal lives irrespective of their continence status, whilst others claim they face discrimination despite being continent thereby hindering reintegration. Quality of life is diminished for those remaining incontinent. Post repair psychosocial support services are beneficial for reintegration, but research on programme benefits is limited. Therefore further research is required to support its benefits; and for policy development to meet care provision for women with fistula. Relevance to clinical practice The review provides insights into avenues of improving care provision and delivery by health professionals and policy makers. It also exposes areas that need further research for quality care provision.