jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Influence of digital hypothermia on lamellar events related to IL‐6/gp130 signalling in equine sepsis‐related laminitis

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Summary Background Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is consistently increased in the digital lamellae in different studies of sepsis‐related laminitis (SRL). IL‐6 signalling through the gp130 receptor activates similar signalling (i.e. mTORC1‐related signalling) previously reported to be activated in models of endocrinopathic laminitis. Objectives To assess the activation state of signalling proteins downstream of IL‐6/gp130 receptor complex activation in an experimental model of SRL. Study design Randomised experimental study. Methods Lamellar phospho‐(P) protein concentrations downstream of the IL‐6/gp130 receptors were assessed in the oligofructose (OF) model of SRL. Fifteen Standardbred horses were administered water (CON, n = 8) or oligofructose (OF, n = 7) via a nasogastric tube. At 12 h post‐OF/water administration, one randomly assigned forelimb was exposed to continuous digital hypothermia (CDH) by placement in ice water (ICE, maintained at <7°C); the other forelimb was maintained at ambient temperature (AMB). Lamellar tissue samples were collected after 24 h of CDH from both ICE and AMB forelimbs and immediately snap‐frozen. Lamellar proteins of interest were assessed by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. Results Immunoblotting revealed increase (P<0.05) in the phosphorylation states of Akt (Ser 473), RPS6 (Ser235/236), RPS6 (Ser240/244), STAT3 (Ser727) and STAT3 (Tyr705) in lamellar tissue from OF‐treated animals (AMB OF vs. AMB CON limbs); CDH resulted in decreased (P<0.05) lamellar concentrations of phosphorylated Akt, p70S6K, RPS6 (235/236), RPS6 (240/244) and STAT3 (S727) in OF‐treated animals (AMB OF vs. ICE OF). Immunofluorescence showed that activated/phosphorylated forms of RPS6 and STAT3 were primarily localised to lamellar epithelial cells. Main limitations The nature, sequence and timing of sub‐cellular events in this experimental model may differ from those that accompany naturally occurring sepsis. Conclusions There were increased lamellar concentrations of activated signalling proteins downstream of the IL‐6/Gp130 receptor complex in OF‐treated horses; CDH inhibited this activation for the majority of the proteins assessed. These results demonstrate similar lamellar signalling (e.g. mTORC1‐related signalling) and, therefore, possible therapeutic targets occurring in sepsis‐related laminitis as previously reported in models of endocrinopathic laminitis.
Heat transfer fluids for parabolic trough solar collectors - a comparative study

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In this work we compared three heat transfer fluids (HTFs) for parabolic trough solar collectors (PTCs), namely, Syltherm 800, Therminol VP-1, and Dowtherm Q. For the assessment, we adopted and simplified a previously developed mathematical model of a parabolic trough solar receiver comprising an outer cover, annular space, abosrber, and heat transfer fluid, and discretized the governing equations using the finite difference method. Subsequently, we validated the model with the experimental data available in the literature and employed it to study the following: (1) the effects of annular pressure on the collector performance for the three HTFs and (2) collector performance subject to different concentration ratios (i.e., aperture area) and inlet HTF temperatures. Simulation results demonstrate the meager thermal performance of Syltherm 800 compared to Therminol VP-1 and Dowtherm Q that achieve similar performance. In addition, we show that there is an optimal aperture area and inlet fluid temperature for Syltherm 800 that yield maximum collector efficiency. Henceforth, we anticipate this work to provide a rough guideline on the selection of an appropriate HTF for future PTCs from the thermal standpoint.
Wilson disease complicated by Crohn disease: A case report and literature review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rational: Wilson disease (WD), also known as hepatolenticular degeneration, is an autosomal-recessive hereditary disease with abnormal copper metabolism. Crohn disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal disease, which belongs to inflammatory bowel disease, all segments of the gastrointestinal tract can be affected, especially the terminal ileum and colon, accompanied by extraintestinal manifestations and related immune disorders. WD complicated by ulcerative colitis has been reported before, but WD complicated by CD has not been reported so far. Patient concerns and diagnosis: We presented the first report of a young patient with WD complicated by CD, who was admitted to the hospital because of repeated low fever, elevated C-reactive protein for 3 years, and anal fistula for 6 months. Interventions and outcomes: In this complicated disease, Ustekinumab is safe and effective. Lessons: We conclude that copper metabolism and oxidative stress play important roles in WD and CD.
Identification and characterization of tenp, a gene transiently expressed before overt cell differentiation during neurogenesis.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The initiation of cellular differentiation in the vertebrate central nervous system is a cascade of regulated gene expression events involving both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Currently, the molecular events underlying the developmental transition from the cessation of cell proliferation to the onset of cell differentiation during neurogenesis are still poorly understood. We have identified a gene, tenp, which is likely to play a role during the transition. tenp mRNA was detected in the developing retina and brain, but not in the heart, kidney, or liver. Anatomically, cells expressing tenp formed a narrow strip at the boundary between the ventricular zone (consisting of proliferating cells) and the intermediate zone (occupied by postmitotic, differentiating cells). Further analysis showed that they were bromodeoxyuridine negative and thus postmitotic, yet without apparent differentiation such as the expression of microtubule-associated protein (MAP2) and neurofilament (NF68). When expressed in chicken embryonic fibroblast cells through transfection, Tenp protein was immunodetected in membrane fractions, implying that Tenp might be a membrane protein as predicted by a computer analysis of its primary sequence. Our data suggested that tenp might be involved in an early neurogenic event that existed transiently after terminal mitosis, yet before the overt differentiation of neural precursor cells.
Metal-induced autoimmunity

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Several metals have been known for a long time to be associated with immune-mediated pathological effects. These effects may be classified into two categories. Hypersensitivity reactions are the consequence of either cell-mediated or antibody (humoral)-mediated reactions against the metal which behave as a hapten. These manifestations represent an exageration of a normal immune response against an exogenous antigen. Autoimmune reactions represent quite different situations where the immune response, again either cell- or antibody-mediated, is directed against an autoantigen. In this review the second situation will be mainly considered. Before that the basis of the normal immune response will be summarized.
MODEL OF PERCEIVED INFLUENCE OF ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE USING SOCIAL NETWORKING

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Social networking sites have created a new social dimension where individuals can increase their social awareness by keeping in touch with old friends, making new friends, getting new data or products and gathering information in other aspects of everyday life. This helps individuals become more knowledgeable, which is very beneficial for students. Based on this, the paper proposed a model of perceived influence of academic performance using social networking. The proposed model was interpreted based on the academic performance of FSKSM (Faculty of computer Science and Information systems) students using SNSs in UTM. The study confirmed that majority of students agreed the social networking media have positive influence on their academic performance. Hence there is need for FSKSM policy makers to evolve strategies to guide and ensure that social networking sites are adopted mostly for academic purposes especially among the undergraduate students of the faculty.
Okra Infusion Water Improving Stress Oxidative and Inflammatory Markers on Hyperglycemic Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: Okra has been known for its properties in improving diabetes markers. Most study used okra extract instead of its infusion water. Okra infusion water (OIW) contains polysaccharide and viscous fiber that delay gastric emptying, and help controlling glucose and HbA1C level. As the glucose low level, so does the inflammation and oxidative stress on hyperglycemic rats. This study aims to investigate the effect of OIW in improving glucose level, HbA1C, SOD and CRP levels. Materials and methods: Posttest only control group design was applied to this experimental study using 15 male wistar rats divided randomly into 3 groups: Control, Streptozotocine (STZ), Streptozotocine+okra (OKRA). STZ, and OKRA groups induced with 65 mg/kg BW Streptozotocine and 110 mg/kg BW Nicotinamide on day 8. After the desirable glucose level achieved, OKRA were given 3.6 ml OIW on day 12-28. Data were analyzed using ANOVA in each variable. Results: Fasting and Postprandial Glucose level of OKRA (137,40±3,57 mg/dL and 154.58±2.71 mg/dL), STZ (251,77±2,30 mg/dL and 270.18±3.03 mg/dL); HbA1C level of OKRA (7.93±0.25), STZ (21.29±0.65); SOD level of OKRA (55.292±3.77%), STZ (16.472±5.298%); CRP level of OKRA (1,540±0,059 mg/dL), STZ (2,230±0,093 mg/dL) Conclusions: OIW able to improve glucose, HbA1C, SOD, and CRP level on hyperglycemic rats. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(4) 2019 p.748-752
Increased Risk of Coronary Artery Dissection During Coronary Angiography with 6F Catheters

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The use of smaller sized catheters for coronary angiography (CA) is increasing, but little is known about the safety of CA with 6F catheters. The authors reviewed all cases of CA in which 6F and 8F catheters were used in adult patients between 1988 and June, 1990. There were 597 patients in the 6F group and 2,409 patients in the 8F group. Cases of CA with 6F catheters were more likely to be elective (95% vs 87%), to have no coronary disease (35% vs 24%), and to be performed by nonfirst-year fellows (70% vs 54%) when compared with CA with 8F catheters. There were 5 cases of coronary artery dissection. The incidence of dissections was significantly higher (p=.007) in the 6F group (0.67%) than in the 8F group (0.04%). The incidence of dissections was highest for first-year fellows using 6F catheters (1.7%), which was significantly higher (p = .008) than for first-year fellows using 8F catheters. The incidence of major vascular complications tended to be lower (p=.068) in the 6F group (0.17%) than in the 8F group (0.95%). In summary, CA with 6F catheters is associated with an increased risk of coronary artery dissection, particularly with less experienced operators, but tends to be associated with a lower risk of major vascular complications.
THERMOCHEMICAL ENRICHMENT OF COPPER TAILINGS WITH OBTAINING WHITE SOOT

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The article presents the results of thermochemical enrichment of waste copper tailings. Studies on sintering the concentrate with alkali have established the formation of silicate and sodium aluminosilicate. The extraction of silicon into the solution, depending on the sintering temperature in the range of 250-500°C, increases from 59,96% to 70,40%. After water leaching of cake under the following conditions: L:S = 3:1 temperature 60°C; duration of 60 minutes, the copper content in the cake increases on average 1,2 times.To isolate white soot from a silicate solution, carbon dioxide was used as a neutralizing agent. White soot was obtained by two-stage carbonization of a silicate solution with carbon dioxide in a recirculation system, bringing the pH to 9-10. The influence of the duration of deposition, temperature, and concentration of the silicate solution on the specific surface area (Ssp., m 2 /g) of white soot was studied. It has been established that with increasing carbonization time and solution temperature, the specific surface area of white soot decreases. It was found that at a temperature of 25°C, a process duration of 50 minutes and a final pH = 9,7 units. white soot is formed with a specific surface area of 200 m 2 /g.After removing aluminum oxide impurities with a sulfuric acid solution at a temperature of 80°C, white soot corresponding to the BS-100 grade was obtained.
Tai Chi exercise as a fall prevention strategy for older adults in low-income senior housing: A grant proposal

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this project was to locate a potential funding source and write a grant to develop a fall prevention intervention that includes an evidence-based strategy, Tai Ji Quan: Moving for Better Balance (TJQMBB), in a low-income, senior independent living apartment building, Providence Gardens, with its non-profit partner, Las Palmas Housing Foundation. An extensive literature review determined that fall prevention can enhance quality of life and aging in place. The program will offer TJQMBB classes which increase strength and balance, as well as home safety evaluations, by a Tai Chi certified instructor and a Service Coordinator. The specific objectives include increased strength and balance and decreased fear of falling. The Archstone Foundation was chosen as an appropriate funder due to its focus on supportive housing. The actual submission of the grant was not a requirement of the thesis project.
An alternative model for the role of RP2 in flagellum assembly in the African trypanosome : RP2 function in T. brucei

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The tubulin cofactor C (TBCC) domain-containing protein TbRP2 is a basal body (centriolar) protein essential for axoneme formation in the flagellate protist Trypanosoma brucei, the causal agent of African sleeping sickness. Here, we show how TbRP2 is targeted and tethered at mature basal bodies and provide novel insight into TbRP2 function. Regarding targeting, understanding how several hundred proteins combine to build a microtubule axoneme is a fundamental challenge in eukaryotic cell biology. We show basal body localisation of TbRP2 is mediated by twinned, N-terminal TOF and LisH motifs, motifs that otherwise facilitate localisation of only a few, conserved proteins at microtubule-organising centres in animals, plants, and flagellate protists. Regarding TbRP2 function, there is debate as to whether the flagellar assembly function of specialised, centriolar TBCC-domain containing proteins is processing tubulin, the major component of axonemes, or general vesicular trafficking in a flagellum assembly context. Here we report TbRP2 is required for the recruitment of T. brucei orthologs of MKS1 and MKS6, proteins that in animal cells are part of a complex that assembles at the base of the flagellum to regulate protein composition and cilium function. We also identify that TbRP2 is detected by YL1/2, an antibody classically used to detect alpha-tubulin. Together these data suggest a general processing role for TbRP2 in trypanosome flagellum assembly and challenge the notion that TbRP2 functions solely in assessing tubulin ‘quality’ prior to tubulin incorporation into the elongating axoneme.
The Structure of Reciprocity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Reciprocity is one of the defining features of social exchange and social life, yet exchange theorists have tended to take it for granted. Drawing on work from a decade-long theoretical research program, I argue that reciprocity is structured and variable across different forms of exchange, that these variations in the structure of reciprocity have profound effects on the emergence of integrative bonds of trust and solidarity, and that these effects are explained and mediated by a set of risk- and conflict-based processes. I discuss the consequences of this work for organizational theories of embeddedness and the production of social capital through network ties. Finally, I ask how the structure of networks and the structure of reciprocity are related to one another, and explore possible implications of the structure of reciprocity for exchange theorists’ assumptions about actor motivations.
Reversible abducens nerve palsy following cranial vault expansion in the setting of multisutural craniosynostosis: illustrative case

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND Posterior cranial vault distraction osteogenesis (PVDO) is a commonly used cranial expansion procedure in infants and children with syndromic craniosynostosis. To date, there have been no reports of cranial nerve (CN) palsies in patients undergoing univector PVDO. OBSERVATIONS In this article, the authors describe the case of a 27-month-old female with Muenke syndrome who underwent long-distance (> 30 mm) PVDO and developed bilateral abducens nerve (CN VI) palsy after 40 mm of distraction. Following partial reversal of the distraction during the activation phase, the authors observed complete resolution of this palsy. LESSONS This report demonstrates that CN palsies are a potential complication for which the patient should be monitored, even when undergoing univector PVDO. Most notably, this report illustrates that a gradual reduction in the distraction distance can result in complete resolution of a CN VI palsy while also maintaining a significant degree of intracranial expansion. https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24762
A Study on the Heating and Deicing Performance of Microwave-Absorbing Asphalt Mixtures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Road icing in winter brings challenges to traffic safety, and microwave heating and deicing technology is an effective method with the advantages of high efficiency and environmental protection. Magnetite has been widely used as a microwave-absorbing material in pavement. In this paper, magnetite powder formed by crushing natural magnetite and high-purity Fe3O4 powder after purification were mixed to replace mineral powder, and the magnetite aggregate was used to replace the limestone aggregate with the same particle size to enhance the asphalt mixtures’ microwave absorption capacity. The effect of microwave heating time and microwave power on the heating of the asphalt mixtures was studied, and the heating performance of different thicknesses of the asphalt mixtures under microwave radiation was evaluated. The heating performance of the mixtures under different initial temperatures and ice layer thicknesses was also assessed. The results showed that the addition of the magnetite powder–Fe3O4 powder and the magnetite aggregate significantly enhanced the heating performance of the asphalt mixtures by microwave heating. The replacement of the magnetite powder–Fe3O4 powder, the microwave heating time, and the microwave power had positive effects on the heating efficiency of the asphalt mixtures. Moreover, the thinner asphalt mixtures had a better heating performance. The heating and deicing performance of the mixtures decreased with a decline in initial temperature. As the ice thickness increased, the deicing time of the specimen surface to reach 0 °C also increased.
Relationship Of Lipids, C-Reactive Protein And Sialic Acid In The Healthy Individuals.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The study showed that serum CRP and Sialic Acid had a significant negative correlation with serum HDL. A significant positive correlation was found between serum Sialic Acid and triglycerides. CRP and Sialic Acid though expensive but are useful predictors of atherosclerotic disease.
My secret life (in the gingival crevice)

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

This paper describes my attempt to develop a new technology for sampling the contents of the gingival crevice. Following a brief introduction on the potential of the gingival crevice as a prognosticator of periodontal health, the problems associated with attempting to fulfill this potential are discussed. These problems include difficulties in identifying a crevice component or property that was correlated with disease, the shortcomings of the paper strip method used for sampling from the crevice, and finally difficulties in defining periodontal disease and finding clinical parameters useful for correlation with biochemical studies. A new technology for sampling the contents of the gingival crevice is described. This technology is based on immunomagnetic capture in which antibody coated magnetic microspheres are introduced into the sulcus. Following the capture of antigens, the microspheres are removed and the amount of antigen quantified by immunochemical assays. This paper describes attempts to develop this technology into a commercial product and includes experiences with raising capital and marketing the discovery. A brief discussion of the role of the scientific community, the practicing dentist and insurance coverage to the technology transfer process is included. Finally, some suggestions for improving the technology transfer process are included.
Social and Behavioral Consequences of Participation in HIV Preventive Vaccine Trials in the ANRS COHVAC Cohort

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract: From 1992 to 2007, the ANRS (France Recherche Nord & Sud Sida-HIV Hépatites) set up a network of healthy volunteers at low risk of HIV infection and participating in preventive HIV vaccine phase I and II trials. The objectives of the ANRS COHVAC volunteer cohort include the social consequences of trial participation and their sexual behavior over time. For 488 volunteers who received a vaccine candidate, 462 selection files were collected, and from 2008 to 2016, 355 volunteers participated in the prospective cohort, including self-administered and face-to-face questionnaires administered annually. The volunteer population is relatively old, with social characteristics and engagement in society rather high. Most volunteers and people around them well accepted the trials, and participation in vaccine trials was not followed by increased risk-taking regarding HIV infection years later.