jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Expression of steroidogenic proteins in bovine placenta during the first half of gestation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of the present study was to determine the occurrence and localisation of the principal steroidogenic proteins in bovine placenta from Day 50 to Day 120 of pregnancy. Immunohistochemistry revealed that, at all stages investigated, bovine steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cytochrome P45011A1 and hydroxy-d-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3ß- and steroid d-isomerase 1 proteins were found principally at the fetomaternal interdigitations: the chorionic villus and maternal septum. Moreover, caruncular epithelial cells and uninucleate trophoblast cells were the principal cells detected that were positive for the three markers. Western blot analysis showed that only caruncular tissue expressed all three steroidogenic markers; in contrast, cotyledons only expressed StAR and cytochrome P45011A1. Immunoblot results showed a complementary pattern of StAR and cytochrome P45011A1 expression between caruncles and cotyledons at different stages. These observations suggest that, in early pregnancy, the maternal compartment contributes significantly to bovine placental steroidogenesis, particularly for the synthesis of progesterone. Furthermore, the variation in StAR and cytochrome P45011A1 expression between caruncular and cotyledonary tissues across gestation suggests that placental steroidogenesis requires cell-to-cell communication between maternal and fetal cells.
Brainstem Encephalitis Caused by Listeria monocytogenes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

International outbreaks of listerial infections have become more frequent in recent years. Listeria monocytogenes, which usually contaminates food, can cause potentially fatal infections. Listerial cerebritis is a rare disease that is encountered mostly in immunocompromised or elderly patients. However, listerial brainstem encephalitis (mesenrhombencephalitis or rhombencephalitis) is found in persons who were formerly in good health, and recognizing this disease, particularly at its early stages, is challenging. Listerial brainstem encephalitis has high mortality, and serious sequelae are frequently reported in survivors. Early recognition and correct diagnosis, as well as the timely use of appropriate antibiotics, can reduce the severity of listerial infections. The trigeminal nerve is proposed as a pathway through which L. monocytogenes reaches the brainstem after entering damaged oropharyngeal mucosa or periodontal tissues. This review introduces the clinical manifestations, pathology, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, diagnosis, and treatment of listerial brainstem encephalitis. Moreover, it proposes that L. monocytogenes may also invade the brainstem along the vagus nerve after it infects enteric neurons in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract.
Calculation of absorbed dose due to the 90Y-DOTATOC peptide receptor radionuclide therapy by MCNP5/X

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Strong beta emitters, like 90Y, 177Lu labelled peptide, are used for treatment of neuroendocrine tumours where there is a good expression of somatostatin receptors. In this work, MCNP5/X computer software and ORNL human phantoms were used to calculate absorbed dose due to 90Y labelled DOTATOC in the peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. Tumour was considered as a sources of beta radiation and represented as a sphere with diameter of 1-4 cm and 5 cm in liver, pancreas, and lungs. Results are expressed as absorbed dose per unit of cumulated activity, S ? value in units mGy?(MBq?s)?1. The far largest dose is in tumour itself, then in organ which contains the tumour. Doses in other organs, where the metastasis are the most frequent, due to the bremsstrahlung radiation, are much smaller and could be neglected. The largest dose, 8.66?10?3 mGy?(MBq?s)?1 was obtained for tumour with size of 3 cm.
Are Advance Postcards or Letters Better? An Experiment with Advance Mailing Types

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Busy survey shops struggle daily to figure out the most methodologically sound approach that fits within clients ’ (often limited) budgets. Many projects require innovative techniques even with basic practices, such as advance notification. Sending advance (or prenotification) letters prior to a call or survey helps to increase response rates (De Leeuw et al. 2007; Dillman et al. 1976), but does the type of mailing matter as well? In this article, I compare the results of an advance postcard versus an advance letter, and find that overall letters are the more cost-effective option. Hembroff et al. (2005) established that the format of advance notification (letter versus postcard) matters insofar as advance letters tend to increase response rates more than advance postcards, which in turn reduces the overall survey costs. Obtaining a higher response rate is a desired outcome of most survey research projects because of concern with nonresponse (Groves 2006). Even if both types of advance mailings increase the overall response rate, if there is differential response by subgroups, then this raises concerns about
Constraints on the Development of Phonemic Awareness

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Fifteen years after Liberman's seminal studies (Liberman, 1973; Liberman,
Shankweiler, Fischer, & Carter, 1974), owing to her subsequent work as well
as to the work of many researchers, we certainly know more about the factors
that influence the development of phonemic awareness. However, we still
insufficiently understand the processes by which a child attains conscious
representations of phonemes. Here I try to formulate the main questions that
this development raises. In the first section, I argue for the view that
phonemic awareness generally does not develop in the absence of explicit
instruction on a graphic code that represents phonemic information. In the
second section, I propose some speculations about the relations between
phonemic awareness and the perception of speech.
`Outing' Organizational Analysts: Some Reflections Upon Parker's Tantrum

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Parker (1995a) asks a fundamental question begged by the postmodern suspicion of modernist metanarratives: `Critique in the Name of What?' His discussion of this issue, in which a self-consciously ethical commitment is advocated, is used in this paper as a springboard for further reflection upon the possibility of making the articulation and pursuit of ethico-political concerns central to the production of knowledge about organizing and organizations. Parker favours a humanist orientation, which respondents to his paper persuasively criticize for its voluntarism and subjectivism. In contrast, I commend a post-humanist (not anti-humanist) approach which suggests a way of retaining Parker's ethico-politico commitment without falling foul of the problems identified by his critics.
Fast Learning for Customizable Head Pose Recognition in Robotic Wheelchair Control

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the PLAYBOT project, we aim at assisting disabled children at play. To this end, we are developing a semi autonomous robotic wheelchair. It is equipped with several visual sensors and a robotic manipulator and thus conveniently enhances the innate capabilities of a disabled child. In addition to a touch screen, the child may control the wheelchair using simple head movements. As control based on head posture requires reliable face detection and head pose recognition, we are in need of a robust technique that may effortlessly be tailored to individual users. In this paper, we present a multilinear classification algorithm for fast and reliable face detection. It trains within seconds and thus can easily be customized to the home environment of a disabled child. Subsequent head pose recognition is done using support vector machines. Experimental results show that this two stage approach to head pose-based robotic wheelchair control performs fast and very robust.
Mechanical Properties of the Vertical Joints of Prefabricated Underground Silo Steel Plate Concrete Wall

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Reliable joint connection is key to designing prefabricated structures. To study the mechanical properties of the vertical joints in the designed prefabricated underground silo steel plate concrete composite wall and verify their reliability, flexural and compressive experiments were conducted using two groups of six full‐scale steel plate concrete composite wall specimens; the mechanical properties between jointed and jointless specimens were compared and analyzed. The experimental results indicate that all specimens are in the elastic stage during the entire loading process; further, they exhibit large stiffness and high bearing capacity without damages. Thus, the designed vertical joints of the steel plate concrete composite wall provide a reliable connection that is safe and applicable. Further, the flexural and compressive properties of jointed and jointless specimens were found to be similar; the newly designed prefabricated underground silo steel plate concrete composite wall could be designed using the “equivalent principle” that the combined wall design calculation with the joint could be equivalent to that without the joint.
Neonatal septicaemia in Benin City, Nigeria. A review of 74 cases.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Seventy four cases of neonatal septicaemia seen at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) over a 3-year period were analysed. The incidence was 6.1 per 1,000 live births. Fifty five percent of the infants were low birth weight. The predisposing perinatal problems were asphyxia, prolonged rupture of membrane and peripartum maternal fever. E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus were the most important aetiologic pathogens; both of which were associated with a high mortality rate. The overall mortality rate was 41.5%. On the basis of the organisms isolated and their sensitivity patterns, it is suggested that the initial treatment for neonatal septicaemia should include cloxacillin and gentamycin.
Gelsa Klasse 2′D2′

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

1948 wurde die Brasilianische Staatsbahn aus einer Anzahl bisher selbständiger Bahngesellschaften geformt. Von der Gesamtstreckenlänge von 38500 km des Jahres 1950 hatten 93% die Schmalspur von 1 m-Spurweite. Zwei Weltkriege und dazwischen noch eine schwere Wirtschaftskrise hatten eine starke Vernachlässigung des gesamten Rollmaterials mit sich gebracht.
Knowledge and Perception Towards Clinical Simulation in Teaching Undergraduate Nursing Students Among Nurse Educators Working at Teaching Institutions in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Background: Simulation is a teaching and learning strategy that is increasingly used in nursing education to prepare students for the clinical workplace. Simulation is defined as activities that mimic the reality of a clinical environment and are designed to demonstrate procedures, decision making and critical thinking through techniques such as role playing and the use of devices such as interactive videos or manikins. Objective: To assess knowledge and perception towards clinical simulation among nurse educators working at teaching institution in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methodology: An institution based cross sectional study was used in teaching institution located in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The study generates quantitative and qualitative data with different measurements. One hundred three nurse educators were selected from nine health science teaching institution with simple random sampling. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Logistic regression was done to identify association between the dependent and independent variables. The qualitative data was gathered through a key informant interview and a focused group discussion. Results: Among the nurse educators 59.6% were found knowledgeable about clinical simulation. Of the respondents 74.4% of them found to have a positive perception about clinical simulation. A statistically significant association was found between educator's qualification and knowledge toward clinical simulation. The key-informant interview and FGD revealed that principal persons and students believe clinical simulation is very important teaching methodology but there are a lot of challenges to apply it, lack of material and skilled personnel being the main challenge. Conclusion and Recommendation: Majority of the respondent were found to be knowledgeable about clinical simulation. Most of the respondent also found to have a positive perception toward clinical simulation. Teaching institution should give emphasis to advance knowledge of academic staff toward clinical simulation. Responsible government bodies and teaching institutions needs to make the clinical skill rooms well equipped with a skilled man power and required materials. Key words: Clinical simulation, Nurse Educators, Knowledge, Perception
Enteric methane emissions from pregnant beef heifers as affected by multiple dietary mitigation strategies

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This project was conducted to determine the effect of increased dietary crude protein (CP) alone or in combination with a lipid supplement or inclusion of a legume on animal performance, exploring the efficacy multiple dietary mitigation strategies to reduce enteric CH4 emissions in pregnant beef heifers. Forty Aberdeen Angus cross heifers (361.5 ± 29.18 kg) in the second month of pregnancy were blocked according to body weight and randomly assigned to one of four feedlot pens (n = 10 animals pen-1) in a 4 x 4 Latin Square design consisting of a 21-d adaptation and 21-d data collection phase. Diets were: 1) 6.1% CP grass hay supplemented with canola meal (CP6.1); 2) 10.8% CP grass hay (CP10.8); 3) 9.8% CP grass hay supplemented with sunflower screenings (CP9.8 + SS); or 4) 12.8% CP legume grass hay (CP12.8 + L; approximately 50% sainfoin and 50% grass). Pregnant heifers offered the CP6.1 diet had significantly lower total dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG) and blood urea nitrogen compared to the CP10.8, CP9.8 + SS and CP12.8 + L diets. Total DMI and ADG was not significantly different between the CP10.8 and CP9.8 + SS diets indicating that lipid supplementation did not negatively impact total DMI nor ADG. There was no significant difference between the CP10.8, CP9.8 + SS or CP12.8 + L diets for enteric CH4 emissions (% GEI) compared to the CP10.8, suggesting that supplemental lipid or addition of a legume did not further reduce enteric CH4 emissions. In conclusion, it was found that the additional dietary mitigation strategies of lipid (CP9.8 + SS) or legume (CP12.8 + L) inclusion in the diet did not further reduce enteric CH4 emissions compared to the hay only diet (CP10.8). The combination of multiple or layered mitigation strategies is still a relatively new concept for reducing enteric CH4 emissions. Therefore, further research is required in this area to understand how multiple mitigation strategies interact when used in combination, if larger reductions of enteric CH4 emissions are to be realized.
Mobile media tagging and sharing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Huge advancement in mobile and network technology has open various opportunities for development in mobile media application. One such area involves content-based visual information retrieval (CVIR), where mobile users are able to make a search using images rather than words. The long-term goal is to integrate different methods of tagging and searching of images to improve performance. However, this final year project aims to build the fundamental foundation for the long-term project first by experimenting on the existing image recognition tools and explore different techniques to achieve high performance accuracy with the shortest cost (computational time). To narrow the scope, the area of focus is on Landmark recognition. The Singapore Landmark Database is utilized. It consists of 40 categories and 13409 images and has been reorganised with real-time application in mind. While both Matlab and OpenCV codes are used, on the other hand OpenCV is mainly utilized to allow easier system integration for future works. A Bag-of-Words framework is adopted for the image recognition tools. For feature extraction the Scale-based Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) is used, while both the hierarchical k-means and scalable vocabulary tree are used for clustering and machine learning respectively. Two different sampling methods are experimented on; the Dense SIFT (dense- sampling) and the Key-Point SIFT (key-point sampling). The experimental results conclude that Key-Point SIFT is better performing with an increase in recognition rate (>19%) and has a faster computational time (>20%) for landmark recognition. Two additional experiments were conducted; the first on Geometric Verification (GV) and second on Saliency Mapping integration. The results conclude that both GV and Saliency Mapping allow better performance (1~2%), but at the expense of computational time (increase in GV >2s; increase in Saliency <0.03s). Future works may include the expansion of the Singapore Landmark database and integration of GPS into the stored image content to increase performance accuracy.
Drowning in Data : VO to the rescue

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Astronomical datasets are growing in size and diversity, posing severe technical problems. At the same time scientific goals increasingly require the analysis of very large amounts of data, and data from multiple archives. The Virtual Observatory (VO) initiative aims to make multiwavelength science and large database science as seamless as possible. It can be seen as the latest stage of a long term trend towards standardisation and collectivisation in astronomy. Within this inevitable trend, we can avoid the high energy style of building large fixed hierarchical teams, and keep the individualist style of astronomical research, if the VO is used to build a facility class data infrastructure. I describe how the VO works and how it may change in the Web 2.0 era.
Evaluation of Phytophthora Root Rot-Suppressive Soils from California Avocado Groves

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

California avocado grove soils that appeared to suppress Phytophthora root rot (PRR) in the field were evaluated as part of a project to develop biological control methods of PRR. Sites were identified as possibly suppressive if replants or older trees, especially those on highly susceptible rootstocks, exhibited little or no PRR despite the presence of the pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi. Soils from suspected suppressive sites were tested for suppression of PRR in the greenhouse. Soils collected from the root zones of avocado trees were infested with ground millet cultures of P. cinnamomi (0.1% w/v). Several, but not all, soils that indicated suppression of PRR in the field also suppressed root rot of susceptible avocado (Persea americana var. Topa Topa) and Persea indica in greenhouse experiments. Al soils that suppressed PRR in the greenhouse had high organic matter, but not all soils with high organic matter were necessarily suppressive. PRR-suppressiveness was eliminated by sterilization of the soil, suggesting a biological component was important for suppressiveness. Microorganisms isolated from suspected suppressive soils were screened for antagonism of P. cinnamomi in culture and for biocontrol of PRR in greenhouse experiments. Phytophthora root rot (PRR) of avocado (Persea americana Mill.), caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi, continues to be a serious problem in California despite current approaches to disease control including chemical fungicides, resistant rootstocks and cultural methods. In addition, the current trend is towards increasing restrictions on the use of chemical pesticides. This project was initiated in response to the need for effective alternative root rot control methods that will shift the emphasis away from chemical fungicides. In the early 1970's, Broadbent and Baker (1974) reported on soils from avocado groves in Queensland, Australia that were suppressive to PRR. P. cinnamomi was present in these soils and avocados were growing on susceptible rootstocks, but there was little root rot, whereas other avocado groves in the area had significant root rot. In greenhouse tests in which soils were experimentally infested with P. cinnamomi, plants grown in the suppressive soils had significantly decreased root rot compared with plants in other, more conducive soils. Sporangium production was reduced in the suppressive soils.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Assessment of Antibiotic Resistance and Genotyping of vacA, cagA, iceA, oipA, cagE, and babA2 Alleles of Helicobacter pylori Bacteria Isolated from Raw Meat

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Zohreh Mashak, 1 Sedigheh Jafariaskari, 2 Iman Alavi, 3 Mohammadhossein Sakhaei Shahreza, 4 Farhad Safarpoor Dehkordi 5 1Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran; 2Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; 3Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran; 4Doctor Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran; 5Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, IranCorrespondence: Mohammadhossein Sakhaei ShahrezaDoctor Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, IranTel +989133223632Email Dr.mh_sakhaieshahreza@yahoo.comBackground: Foodstuffs with animal origins, particularly meat, are likely reservoirs of Helicobacter pylori.Purpose: An existing survey was accompanied to assess phenotypic and genotypic profiles of antibiotic resistance and genotyping of vacA, cagA, cagE, iceA, oipA, and babA2 alleles amongst the H. pylori bacteria recovered from raw meat.Methods: Six-hundred raw meat samples were collected and cultured. H. pylori isolates were tested using disk diffusion and PCR identification of antibiotic resistance genes and genotyping.Results: Fifty-two out of 600 (8.66%) raw meat samples were contaminated with H. pylori. Raw ovine meat (13.07%) had the uppermost contamination. H. pylori bacteria displayed the uppermost incidence of resistance toward tetracycline (82.69%), erythromycin (80.76%), trimethoprim (65.38%), levofloxacin (63.46%), and amoxicillin (63.46%). All H. pylori bacteria had at least resistance toward one antibiotic, even though incidence of resistance toward more than eight antibiotics was 28.84%. Total distribution of rdxA, pbp1A, gyrA, and cla antibiotic resistance genes were 59.61%, 51.92%, 69.23%, and 65.38%, respectively. VacA s1a (84.61%), s2 (76.92%), m1a (50%), m2 (39.13%), iceA1 (38.46%), and cagA (55.76%) were the most generally perceived alleles. S1am1a (63.46%), s2m1a (53.84%), s1am2 (51.92%), and s2m2 (42.30%) were the most generally perceived genotyping patterns. Frequency of cagA-, oipA-, and babA2- genotypes were 44.23%, 73.07%, and 80.76%, respectively. A total of 196 combined genotyping patterns were also perceived.Conclusion: The role of raw meat, particularly ovine meat, in transmission of virulent and resistant H. pylori bacteria was determined. VacA and cagA genotypes had the higher incidence. CagE-, babA2-, and oipA- H. pylori bacteria had the higher distribution. Supplementary surveys are compulsory to originate momentous relations between distribution of genotypes, antibiotic resistance, and antibiotic resistance genes.Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, antibiotic resistance, genotyping, raw meat