jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in mucociliary clearance in bronchiectasis: The EMBARC-BRIDGE study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Impaired mucociliary clearance is a hallmark in bronchiectasis. Excess dehydration mucus and reduced ciliary motility are believed to primarily result from excess inflammation. The inflammasome is a key regulatory complex of the inflammatory response and has not been studied in bronchiectasis. Methods: European Observational cohort study NCT03791086 at three centres (Dundee, Milan, Barcelona). Sputum from 269 patients with stable bronchiectasis was collected. IL-1β levels were measured in sputum supernatant to stratify patients (designated by High and Low). In an independent cohort (n=53), caspase-1 and mucus properties were studied. The ciliary beat pattern in air-liquid interface cultures was analyzed by high-speed video-microscopy with and without 100ng/ml IL-1β treatment. Results: Patients with high IL-1β levels had more severe disease. Caspase activity was increased in this group. Ac-YVAD-CHO, a specific caspase-1 inhibitor, reduced the activity up to 75%, indicating inflammasome activation through mainly caspase-1 and IL-1β (rs=0.8, p<0.0001). High IL-1β was associated with increased mucus solid content, suggesting mucus dehydration, and with sputum purulence. Chronic IL-1β exposure significantly reduced the beating angle and amplitude. Conclusion: A subset of bronchiectasis patients are characterised by inflammasome activation, high IL-1β release, mucus dehydration and ciliary dysfunction.
From the Other Side of the Gun to the Other Side of the Camera: Adapting Despentes' Baise-moi for Cinema

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"C'est moins spectacle qu'au cinéma" (72) says Manu in Baise-moi (1993), after her first murder. While this comparison between reality and cinema underlines the lack of effect reality has, compared to the power of images, such a desire for cinematographic effects also represents the protagonists' will to not merely be the agents of their lives but the directors of their cinematography. However, despite the attempt to achieve afilmic aesthetic, the unusual violent and sexual acts performed lack the desired spectacularity. In this article, I argue that the characters' will to direct images and the frustration deriving from the lack of cinematography runs parallel with Virginie Despentes'decision to adapt her novel into a film. Despentes' style, albeit aggressive, does not match the violence of the actions committed by her characters. In mobilizing Robert Stam's concept of adaptation, I show how, in focusing on the performance of the violent and pornographic reality imagined by the protagonists, the adaptation represents the cinematic actualization of the protagonists' actions in the novel. Theirposition on the right side of the gun to shoot at all opponents corresponds to Despentes and Trinh Thi's decision to place themselves on the right side of the camera to challenge a bourgeois voyeuristic audience.
Yenilebilir kitosan kaplamanın nar (Punica granatum) tanelerinin kalite parametreleri üzerindeki etkileri.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effects of edible chitosan coating on quality factors of pomegranate (Punica granatum) arils were investigated in the present research. For that purpose, pomegranate arils were treated with 0% (control) and 1% chitosan (extracted from shrimp shells and deacetylated (.75%)) solutions and stored at 4 } 0.5 oC for 22 days. The weight loss, pH, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, total phenolic content, total radical scavenging capacity, total anthocyanin content, total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, total yeast and molds counts and sensorial properties of both chitosan coated and uncoated arils were monitored at an interval of 3 days starting from 1st day up to 22nd day and color parameters were monitored at an interval of 2 days starting from 1st day up to 21st day. Results were statistically analyzed (p.0.05). The chitosan coating retarded weight loss, delayed the decline in sensorial quality and total anthocyanin content. Chitosan coated arils had higher contents of soluble solids, titratable acidity and pH than uncoated arils. The chitosan coating effectively delayed the microbial decay. The chitosan coating resulted in higher lightness (L*) and total color difference (ƒ¢E) values and lower hue angle (H*) and chromaticity (C*) values. The chitosan coated arils showed lower radical scavenging capacities. The results indicated that application of chitosan coating effectively maintained quality parameters of pomegranate arils during 22 days of storage except radical scavenging activities and chromaticity values. According to the study findings chitosan coating process extended the shelf life of refrigerated pomegranate arils from 15 days to 19 days.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of an Eco-Friendly Technology for Splicing Steel Cord Conveyor Belts

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A new eco-friendly method of splicing steel cord conveyor belts without the use of noxious materials has been developed by the Mining Institute at Wrocław University of Technology in collaboration with the Bełchatów Lignite Mine – the two leaders in implementing state-of-the-art and environment friendly technologies in mining in Poland [1,2,3]. Polish lignite mines use belts with steel cords. Such belts are spliced through high temperature vulcanization, which is not safe for the environment and has an adverse impact on human health. Strength and durability are the two main properties of belt splices, having a bearing on the failure-free operation of the belt conveyors used for the haulage of stripped rock or muck in open pit mines [4,5,6]. This means that properly made steel cord belt splices should have the strength and durability parameters similar to the ones of the belt without splices. Many factors contribute to the quality of the splice, including the ones connected with the splicing technology, workmanship and with the fact that splices are made directly on conveyors in heavy mine conditions.
Formal contact categories

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

To each oriented surface S, we associate a differential graded category\nKo(S). The homotopy category Ho(Ko(S)) is a triangulated category which\nsatisfies properties akin to those of the contact categories studied by K.\nHonda. These categories are also related to the algebraic contact categories of\nY. Tian and to the bordered sutured categories of R. Zarev.\n
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐Dioxolanylpurine Nucleosides (2R,4R), e.g. (II), and (2R,4S) with Selective Anti‐HIV‐1 Activity in Human Lymphocytes.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Materials Data on H8PtCN8 by Materials Project

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

PtCN8H8 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four PtCN8H8 clusters. Pt4+ is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four N2- atoms. There are a spread of Pt–N bond distances ranging from 2.04–2.08 Å. C4+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to one N2- and three H1+ atoms. The C–N bond length is 1.48 Å. There is two shorter (1.09 Å) and one longer (1.10 Å) C–H bond length. There are eight inequivalent N2- sites. In the first N2- site, N2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N2- atom. The N–N bond length is 1.17 Å. In the second N2- site, N2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Pt4+ and three H1+ atoms. All N–H bond lengths are 1.03 Å. In the third N2- site, N2- is bonded in a linear geometry to two N2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.17 Å) and one longer (1.21 Å) N–N bond length. In the fourth N2- site, N2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Pt4+ and one N2- atom. In the fifth N2- site, N2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N2- atom. In the sixth N2- site, N2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Pt4+, one C4+, and two H1+ atoms. There is one shorter (1.03 Å) and one longer (1.04 Å) N–H bond length. In the seventh N2- site, N2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Pt4+ and one N2- atom. The N–N bond length is 1.21 Å. In the eighth N2- site, N2- is bonded in a linear geometry to two N2- atoms. There are eight inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N2- atom. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N2- atom. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C4+ atom. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N2- atom. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C4+ atom. In the sixth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C4+ atom. In the seventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N2- atom. In the eighth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N2- atom.
The application of mass spectrometry to the study of mixing processes in confined and unconfined gas flows

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Summary This paper describes a novel flow tracing technique which has been developed to obtain data on mixing and dispersion processes in gaseous flow systems. Tracer gas is injected at low flow rates into an air stream. Choice of tracer gas — primary fluid combination in relation to gas properties and detection techniques is discussed. The mode of operation of the mass spectrometer is described together with the sampling system. Analysis of samples drawn from the flow field provides tracer gas concentration profiles throughout the flow and these may be used to yield information on mixing rates. Two examples are given which illustrate the use of the method.
Feature selection method for network intrusion based on GQPSO attribute reduction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Aiming to problem of classification algorithm with low detection speed and low detection rate in high dimensional network data intrusion detection. A novel approach for feature selection based on Genetic Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization(GQPSO) attribute reduction in network intrusion detection is proposed in the paper. In the approach, selection and variation of genetic algorithm with QPSO algorithm are combined to form GQPSO algorithm; normalized mutual information between attributes defined as GQPSO algorithm fitness function to guide it's reduction of attributes to realize optimal selection of network data feature subset. KDD99 data-set are used to experiment. The experimental result shows that the approach is more effective than QPSO and PSO algorithms in discarding independent and redundancy attributes. As a result, intrusion detection rate and speed of classification algorithm are greatly heightened by using the method.
Miller Field, a Subtle Upper Jurassic Submarine Fan Trap in the South Viking Graben, United Kingdom Sector, North Sea: ABSTRACT

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Miller field is situated at a depth of 4 km in the South Viking graben, some 270 km northeast of Aberdeen. The field was discovered in 1983 in previously relinquished U.K. license blocks 16/7b and 16/8b. The discovery can be attributed to a detailed understanding of the regional sedimentological and seismic velocity models, which predicted the presence of submarine fan sediments within a structural nose some 10 km from the graben margin sediment source. The Miller field reservoir comprises up to 100 m of oil-bearing Upper Jurassic, Brae Formation turbidites. Core, electric log, and well test analyses show that the turbidites have excellent reservoir qualities. Porosity ranges from 12 to 23%, and net/gross ratios are typically greater than 0.75. The reservoir is highly productive, with permeability typically ranging from 50 to 1200 md. The reservoir fluid is an undersaturated, CO2-rich, sour, 37.5° API oil sourced from the Kimmeridge Clay Formation, which overlies and interfingers with the reservoir. The oil is trapped by a subtle combination of structural and stratigraphic mechanisms. Thirty development wells will be drilled from a single platform. A total of ten wells (five producers and five injectors) will be predrilled through a template prior to platform installation. The first of these wells was spudded in March 1989 in preparation for first oil production in early 1992. Ultimate recovery is estimated to be approximately 300 MMSTB of oil and 0.57 tcf of associated gas. End_Page 307------------------------
Influence of carbon black on the mechanical properties of engineered cementitious composites containing rubber crumb

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The interest in producing a self-sensing engineered cementitious composite (ECC) has been growing. One method that has been proposed to enhance the self-sensing properties of ECC is to include carbon black into the cement matrix. However, the inclusion of carbon black into the cement matrix has produced results that indicate a slightly poorer performance with regards to tensile applications. Other research has indicated that the use of rubber crumb particles and ground granulated blast slag (GGBS) may help the carbon black ECC to perform better in tensile applications. Furthermore, GGBS and rubber crumb are by-products of different industrial processes. The usage of such products contribute to a mix that is less detrimental to the environment. However, the addition of rubber crumb and GGBS may affect other mechanical properties of the ECC. This final year project is designed to investigate the mechanical properties when carbon black, GGBS and rubber crumb are used together to form an ECC. It also aims to determine the viability of using such an ECC in actual construction or repair works in replacement of regular concrete. The 4-point bending flexural test, direct tension test and compressive test will be used to investigate the mechanical properties of the ECC. The results of this report highlight the increase in performance mechanically when GGBS and rubber crumb are added into the cement matrix in conjunction with carbon black particles. It also points out the potential of using this ECC to replace regular concrete.
Supplementation of Dimethylglycine Sodium Salt Improves Growth Performance and Intestinal Barrier Function in Piglets With Intrauterine Growth Restriction During the Suckling Period

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background: Few studies are available on intestinal barrier function in newborn piglets with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the mechanism of intestinal dysfunction in IUGR suckling piglets and improve their growth performance using dimethylglycine sodium salt (DMG-Na) supplementation.Results: The body weights of piglets in the I and ID groups were similar, and both were lower than those in the N and ND groups. However, after 17 days of age, the ID group showed larger (P < 0.05) increases in body weight than did the I group. The hub genes were identified from the data analyzed using RNA-seq and WGCNA. Among these, ATP8 was the most significantly changed, and this gene is crucial in maintaining mitochondrial function. The small intestinal histological morphology, redox status, mitochondrial redox status, oxidative damage, and gene and protein expression levels were worse in the IUGR group than in the NBW group. An increasing trend of the small intestinal histological morphology, redox status, mitochondrial redox status, oxidative damage, and gene and protein expression levels was found between the newborn piglets of the NBW and IUGR groups and the day 21 piglets of the N and I groups, respectively. In addition, supplementation of DMG-Na (ND and ID groups) improved the small intestinal histological morphology, redox status, mitochondrial redox status, oxidative damage, and gene and protein expression levels relative to the non-supplemented groups (N and I groups).Conclusions: The activity of SIRT1/PGC1α was inhibited in IUGR newborn piglets, which led to damage to their intestinal redox status and structure and barrier functions, and lowered their performance. Supplementation with antioxidant substances such as DMG-Na activated SIRT1/PGC1α in IUGR piglets, thereby improving their body state.
Investigating the Mean Residence Time in a Two-Phase Oil-Water Separator Using Volume of Fluid Multiphase Theory in Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Summary Multiphase separators are essential to chemical units, especially in the oil and gas industry. Because separators are usually the first equipment installed in the oil and gas units, their performance directly affects other equipment. A two-phase oil-water separator was investigated in this study. Based on the average residence time reported for the pilot separator, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was validated. The multiphase volume of fluid (VOF) theory in Ansys Fluent software is used for the simulation. Initially, the effect of halving the geometry from its line of symmetry was investigated to see if the halved geometry could replace the complete geometry in the simulation. After validation, the effect of four different inlet deflectors on the mean residence time (MRT) was investigated. A spherical inlet deflector and three plate inlet deflectors with varying angles were tested to examine the effects of inlet deflectors. Among the plate inlet deflectors, the one with an angle between the plates of 105 degrees had the highest MRT and the separator with an angle between the plates of 135 degrees had the lowest MRT. This is because of the fluid conduction by the separator and its collision with its wall. The spherical input deflector increases the MRT by 8.9% compared to the separator without the input deflector.
An Investigation of the Variations in Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Lingula anatina in the Western Pacific Region

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Lingula anatina is a brachiopod widely distributed in the western Pacific region. Even though L. anatina has been targeted for a number of biological studies, there is still limited information on intraspecific genetic variations of L. anatina. In this study, L. anatina specimens were collected from Korea and Vietnam, and complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequences were analyzed and compared with previous records. The total mitogenomes of L. anatina were 24,875 bp and 25,305 bp in size for Korean and Vietnamese specimens, respectively. Those mitogenomes are extraordinarily longer than the typical mitogenome size for an animal but shorter than the previous record from Yanagawa (Japan) for this species. The gene orders and the sizes of the protein-coding genes are also different from those for the Japanese specimen. Furthermore, the nonsynonymous (Ka) and synonymous (Ks) substitution rates in protein-coding genes (PCGs) were calculated to test the idea of evolutionary rate differences in mitochondrial genomes. The analyses showed relatively low Ka and Ks for the complete mitogenomes from Buan (Korea), Doson (Vietnam) and Yanagawa (Japan). The Ka/Ks ratio was less than 1 in comparisons of three localities, indicating the existence of purifying selection in this species. The phylogenetic analyses showed that L. anatina diverged among localities in the western Pacific region.
Cardenolide and pregnatriene compounds from the roots of Nerium oleander

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Cardenolide and pregnatriene compounds were isolated from the chloroform fraction of the 95% aqueous ethanolic extract of dried roots of Nerium oleander. The stereochemical structure of the cardenolide and pregnatriene compounds was determined to be 3β-O-(D-diginosyl)-14β-hydroxy card-20(22)-enolide and 12β-hydroxy pregna-4,6,16-triene-3,20-dione using spectroscopic methods including IR, HRMS and NMR spectroscopy.
Production of Penicillin by Fungi Growing on Food Products: Identification of a Complete Penicillin Gene Cluster in Penicillium griseofulvum and a Truncated Cluster in Penicillium verrucosum

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Mycobiota growing on food is often beneficial for the ripening and development of the specific flavor characteristics of the product, but it can also be harmful due to the production of undesirable compounds such as mycotoxins or antibiotics. Some of the fungi most frequently isolated from fermented and cured meat products such as Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium nalgiovense are known penicillin producers; the latter has been shown to be able to produce penicillin when growing on the surface of meat products and secrete it to the medium. The presence of penicillin in food must be avoided, since it can lead to allergic reactions and the arising of penicillin resistance in human-pathogenic bacteria. In this article we describe a study of the penicillin production ability among fungi of the genus Penicillium that are used as starters for cheese and meat products or that are frequently isolated from food products. Penicillium griseofulvum was found to be a new penicillin producer and to have a penicillin gene cluster similar to that of Penicillium chrysogenum . No other species among the studied fungi were found to produce penicillin or to possess the penicillin biosynthetic genes, except P. verrucosum , which contains the pcbAB gene (as shown by hybridization and PCR cloning of fragments of the gene) but lacks pcbC and penDE . Antibacterial activities due to the production of secondary metabolites other than penicillin were observed in some fungi.