jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Thiamine deficiency caused by thiamine antagonists triggers upregulation of apoptosis inducing factor gene expression and leads to caspase 3-mediated apoptosis in neuronally differentiated rat PC-12 cells.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Recent evidence suggests that alterations in oxidative metabolism induced by thiamine deficiency lead to neuronal cell death. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are still under extensive investigation. Here, we report that rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells differentiated in the presence of NGF into neurons undergo apoptosis due to thiamine deficiency caused by antagonists of thiamine - amprolium, pyrithiamine and oxythiamine. Confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy revealed that annexin V binds to PC-12 cells in presence of thiamine antagonists after 72 h incubation. Results also show that thiamine antagonists trigger upregulation of gene expression of mitochondrial-derived apoptosis inducing factor, DNA fragmentation, cleavage of caspase 3 and translocation of active product to the nucleus. We therefore propose that apoptosis induced by amprolium, pyrithiamine or oxythiamine occurs via the mitochondria-dependent caspase 3-mediated signaling pathway. In addition, our data indicate that pyrithiamine and oxythiamine are more potent inducers of apoptosis than amprolium.
Association between MTHFR C677T Variant and Risk for Conotruncal Heart Defects in Egyptian Children: A Meta-analysis based on 217 cases and 213 controls

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Stratification analysis studies showed that ethnicity has a significant association regarding MTHFR C677T variant and congenital heart diseases (CHDs) risk, and many published studies have controversial conclusions toward this association. A total of 3 case-control studies in the Egyptian population published before 2021 were included in this meta-analysis, besides new 186 participants to evaluate the association between the MTHFR C677T variant and the risk for CHDs. The association was assessed by the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) based on 217 cases and 213 controls. The overall meta-analysis showed a significant association between MTHFR C677T variant and CHDs risk in Egyptian children with heterogeneity (Heterogeneity = 0.001) in all the genetic models with the highly significant association in T vs. C allele (pooled OR 1.85, 95% CI: 1.41–2.43; p-value < 0.0001). The limitation of the analysis was detected by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) in two studies that demonstrated statistical significance. Our results support the MTHFR − 677T allele as a susceptibility factor for CHDs in the Egyptian pediatric population.
Molecular-dynamics studies of temperature-dependent structural transitions on fcc(111) metallic surfaces

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present molecular-dynamics studies of structural transformations on metallic fcc(111) surfaces as a function of surface misfit and temperature. The particles interact through modified Lennard-Jones potentials. The studies focus on how the characteristic features of the surface-surface interatomic potential, specifically its repulsive core, determine the variation of surface misfit with temperature, and the stability of the ensuing structural phases and the nature of the observed phase transitions. The low-temperature phase consists of a striped phase of double-sine-Gordon domain walls oriented along one of the three equivalent 〈110〉 directions and stacked along the 〈112〉 direction. The temperature evolution of this phase was followed for two typical and distinct systems: in one system (system I), the surface-surface potential was chosen so as to make the effective surface misfit decrease with temperature, while in the other (system II), the misfit increased or remained constant with temperature. System I undergoes an incommensurate-commensurate phase transition which appears to be second order in nature while system II exhibits an incommensurate-incommensurate phase transition. The temperature evolution of system II closely parallels the behavior of the Au(111) surface with rise in temperature.
Intracellular innate immune surveillance devices in plants and animals

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Multicellular eukaryotes coevolve with microbial pathogens, which exert strong selective pressure on the immune systems of their hosts. Plants and animals use intracellular proteins of the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) superfamily to detect many types of microbial pathogens.The NLR domain architecture likely evolved independently and convergently in each kingdom, and the molecular mechanisms of pathogen detection by plant and animal NLRs have long been considered to be distinct. However, microbial recognition mechanisms overlap, and it is now possible to discern important key trans-kingdom principles of NLR-dependent immune function. Here, we attempt to articulate these principles.We propose that the NLR architecture has evolved for pathogen-sensing in diverse organisms because of its utility as a tightly folded "hair trigger" device into which a virtually limitless number of microbial detection platforms can be integrated. Recent findings suggest means to rationally design novel recognition capabilities to counter disease.
Design and analysis of a conceptual wavelength-division multiplexing optical network based on self-similarity

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose a novel multilevel wavelength-division multiplexing optical network based on the concept of self-similarity to simplify network structure and operation. Our approach lies on a simple network topology as well as an efficient wavelength management scheme being uniformly applied to all network levels. The proposed network is a compound packet-switched and wavelength-routed network with packet switching performed on the bottom level and wavelength routing on all upper levels. This network retains the efficiency of packet-switched networks and the simplicity of wavelength-routed networks. Switching operations are concentrated at some special nodes in the multilevel network, significantly simplifying the node configuration and wavelength routing. Moreover, the idea of bands is applied to unify wavelength management on all network levels. Network analysis is performed to assess the feasibility of our approach. A queueing model using the quality of service enhanced optical burst switching protocol is employed to analyze the blocking performance of the proposed network. Also, the numerical results based on the queueing model are provided.
CASE SERIES: CHALLENGES AND OUTCOMES OF TLIF PROCEDURES IN A PERIPHERAL HOSPITAL IN BHARATPUR, RAJASTHAN

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Chronic back pain, particularly from degenerative spinal conditions, significantly impacts patient quality of life, especially in regions with limited healthcare resources, such as rural Rajasthan. Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (TLIF) has been recognized for its efficacy in treating severe spinal degeneration and instability. This case series examines the application of TLIF in a peripheral hospital setting, assessing its challenges and outcomes in such environments. Methods: This study included three patients aged 34 to 75, who underwent TLIF at a peripheral hospital in Bharatpur, Rajasthan, from February to July 2024. Detailed preoperative and postoperative evaluations were conducted, focusing on pain levels and functional mobility. Follow-ups were performed at the first, second, and fourth weeks post-surgery to monitor recovery and assess surgical success. Results: All patients reported significant improvements in pain and mobility by the first-month follow-up. The 34 y old female experienced complete pain relief and returned to full activities by four weeks. The 75 y old female and 65 y old male also showed considerable improvements in pain and function, with no severe complications noted during or after surgery. Conclusion: TLIF can be effectively implemented in peripheral hospital settings with outcomes comparable to those in higher-resource environments. This case series demonstrates the feasibility and significant benefits of advanced spinal surgeries in resource-limited settings, highlighting the potential for expanding such sophisticated interventions to improve healthcare accessibility and patient outcomes in rural areas.
Does Quality Still Pay? A Reexamination of the Relationship Between Effective Quality Management and Firm Performance

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Because of the changing competitive environment, quality might have lost some of its luster and emphasis in business. The research question we aim to address in this paper is: Does quality still pay in the new competitive environment? Using replication research, we re‐examine the impact of an effective total quality management (TQM) program on a firm's operating performance in the new competitive environment. We use publicly available data for award‐winning firms and adopt several control‐firm‐selection approaches in our event study. Based on data from more than 500 firms, we find that over a 10‐year period—6 years before to 3 years after winning their first quality award—firms in our sample perform significantly better than control groups in various operating performance measures. Not only do award‐winning firms have better results after receiving awards, they also have superior performance records before the award. Our results suggest that quality is still critical to achieving long‐term competitive advantages, and firms who continuously improve their quality continue to reap rewards by way of sales and financial performances exceeding those of their competitors.
Data from Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Reverses Mesenchymal to Epithelial Phenotype and Inhibits Metastasis in Inflammatory Breast Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare but aggressive type of advanced breast cancer. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression is an independent poor prognostic factor in IBC. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect on IBC tumorigenicity and metastasis of blocking the EGFR pathway.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> IBC cell lines, which express high level of EGFR, were treated with EGFR small interfering RNA and with the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib. The role of EGFR in IBC cell proliferation, motility, invasiveness, and change of the expression levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers was examined. The role of extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2 in erlotinib activity was also studied. The activity of erlotinib in tumor growth and metastasis was examined in an orthotopic xenograft model of IBC.</p><p><b>Results:</b> Erlotinib inhibited proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of IBC cells, and this inhibition was ERK dependent. Erlotinib inhibited cell motility and invasiveness and reversed the mesenchymal phenotype of IBC cells to epithelial phenotype in three-dimensional culture. Erlotinib dramatically inhibited IBC tumor growth in a xenograft model. Interestingly, erlotinib inhibited spontaneous lung metastasis, even at a low dose that had no significant effect on primary tumor growth. These erlotinib-treated tumors were converted to epithelial phenotype from mesenchymal phenotype.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> The EGFR pathway is involved in tumor growth and metastasis of IBC. Targeting EGFR through the ERK pathway may represent an effective therapeutic approach to suppress tumorigenicity and prevent metastasis in EGFR-expressing IBC. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(21):6639–48)</p></div>
Entomology in the National Academy of Sciences

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

During the past decade it has become customary in this Bulletin to call attention to the election of members of the Entomological Society of America (ESA) to the National Academy of Sciences (NAS). We take pride in this recognition of extraordinary scientific accomplishment of our members, who, by reason of their membership, may be assumed by some to be entomologists. That mayor may not be true; membership in ESA is open to all who are sufficiently interested to pay dues and receive certain journals. A scientist is whatever he chooses to call himself. Not all ESA-NAS members regard themselves as entomologists, and there are members of NAS who, though their reputations are based on their research on insects, are not members of ESA. Because scientists of many disciplines have made great contributions to entomology, it may be of interest to assemble in one list (Table 1) all past and present members of NAS who are noted for their research contributions to entomology. Before commenting on Table 1, I think it desirable to define NAS and to outline its development since its establishment by act of Congress in 1863.
A feasibility study of the effect of multichannel electrical stimulation and gravity compensation on hand function in stroke patients: A pilot study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Many stroke patients have to cope with impaired arm and hand function. As a feasibility study, gravity compensation (GC) and multichannel electrical stimulation (ES) were applied to the forearm of eight stroke patients to study potential effects on dexterity. ES was triggered by positional data of the subject's hand relative to the objects that had to be grasped. Dexterity was evaluated by means of the Box and Blocks Test (BBT). The BBT was performed with four combinations of support; with and without GC and with and without ES. In all patients, it was possible to induce sufficient hand opening for grasping a block of the BBT by means of ES. There was no significant increase in dexterity as measured with the BBT. GC and/or ES did not improve instantaneous dexterity in a small sample of stroke patients although sufficient hand opening was reached in all patients. More research in a larger sample of stroke patients with more specific and more sophisticated control algorithms is needed to explore beneficial effects of GC and ES on hand function in post stroke rehabilitation.
Information properties as a means to define decision fusion methodologies in non-benign environments

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The decision to use a given information fusion process is, predicated on what a designer believes is optimal or the most correct method based on experience and background. In statistical information fusion, there has been this type of reasoning between proponents of probabilistic methods such as Bayesian inference, and that of evidential methods such as the Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence. The arguments often center around the behavior ofthese methods given that a certain type of information is available, with broad assumptions as to the quality, types, and distribution of that information. Too oflen in real-world situations, the true jlavor of the information available is unknown or neglected, thus resulting in the design of a fusion process that does not correctly process the type of information that is realized from sources. The result can lead to misleading answers because certain knowledge is incorrectly assumed about the measured information sets.
"ADASKAN OMIR" BY S.TORAIGHYROV IN T.MYNBAEV'S VOCAL CYCLE: THE SEMANTICS OF TEMPORALITY

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The symbolism of time finds a multifaceted reflection in musical art, as it covers various levels of a work’s structure and content. Due to its unique nature, the vocal cycle provides the composer with exceptional opportunities to reveal not only the dynamics of time but also the full richness of imagery and expressive means of musical language, which allows creating a cohesive and profound artistic impression. All of this, combined with Timur Mynbayev’s (1943-2011) vivid compositional individuality, is embodied in his vocal cycle “Life in Delusions”, based on the eponymous poem by Sultanmakhmut Toraighyrov (189301920). The aim of this study was to identify the features of temporal representation at different levels within the vocal cycle. Special attention is given to the musical means of expression through which the composer reveals the poet’s complex and contradictory attitude toward time, his desire to capture the moment while simultaneously acknowledging its relentless passage. The insufficient study of the phenomenon of time symbolism as a structural element in the musical texts of chamber-vocal cycles within the Kazakh composer school makes this research particularly relevant. Among the diverse research methods employed, the primary ones for this study included analytical, historical-cultural, semiotic, intonational, and comparative approaches. One of the most significant findings of this research is the identification of a close connection between the spatiotemporal categories of the cycle and the fundamental elements of the chronotope in nomadic culture. The implementation of a multi-level system of musical-expressive means used by the composer to represent time, including metric, structural, and timbral techniques, establishes a link between the cycle’s musical language and the cultural context in which it was created. The harmonious interaction of music and poetry brought the interpretation of time symbolism to a new level.
Anisotropic van der Waals Tellurene-Based Multifunctional, Polarization-Sensitive, In-Line Optical Device

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Polarization plays a paramount role in scaling the optical network capacity. Anisotropic two-dimensional (2D) materials offer opportunities to exploit optical polarization-sensitive responses in various photonic and optoelectronic applications. However, the exploration of optical anisotropy in fiber in-line devices, critical for ultrafast pulse generation and modulation, remains limited. In this study, we present a fiber-integrated device based on a single-crystalline tellurene nanosheet. Benefiting from the chiral-chain crystal lattice and distinct optical dichroism of tellurene, multifunctional optical devices possessing diverse excellent properties can be achieved. By inserting the in-line device into a 1.5 μm fiber laser cavity, we generated both linearly polarized and dual-wavelength mode-locking pulses with a degree of polarization of 98% and exceptional long-term stability. Through a twisted configuration of two tellurene nanosheets, we realized an all-optical switching operation with a fast response. The multifunctional device also serves as a broadband photodetector. Notably, bipolar polarization encoding communication at 1550 nm can be achieved without any external voltage. The device's multifunctionality and stability in ambient environments established a promising prototype for integrating polarization as an additional physical dimension in fiber optical networks, encompassing diverse applications in light generation, modulation, and detection.
Long-term follow-up (FU) of patients with durable complete response (DCR) after chemotherapy (CT) and trastuzumab (T) for HER2-altered (HER2+) metastatic breast cancer (MBC).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

615 Background: Durable CT-induced complete response (DCR) of MBC is reported only anecdotally. The addition of monoclonal antibody T to conventional CT results in significant increase in response rates and prolonged survival for patients (pts) with HER2+ MBC. Though CRs are reported in most phase II and III clinical trials of CT+T, there is lack of data about clinical features and long-term outcome of these pts. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all pts with HER2+ MBC treated at our Institutions with any CT+T and identified cases who achieved DCR. HER2 positivity was defined as 3+score at immunohistochemistry and/or amplification at FISH test. DCR was defined as a CR according to RECIST 1.0 criteria lasting >36 months. Results: We identified 13 pts with HER2+ MBC who met criteria for DCR following CT+T. Their characteristics are: median age: 56yrs (range 30-65), stage at diagnosis: M0 54%/M1 46%, histology: ductal 84%/mixed ductal-lobular 8%/unknown 8%, tumour grade: G3 54%/G2 23%/unknown 23%, oestrogen receptors (ER): neg 62%/pos 38%, sites of metastatic disease: liver only 54%/other visceral 15%/bone and soft tissues only 31%, chemotherapy regimen: taxane+carboplatin 54%/single-agent taxane 23%/docetaxel+lapatinib 15%, capecitabine 8%. Metastatic disease was biopsy-proven in 54% of pts. All pts received maintenance T. Median follow-up (FU) is 6.5 yrs (range 3.0-11.6). Median duration of T was 59 months (17-121). At database cut-off date 12 pts (92%) are alive. Five pts (38%) had disease relapse (3 on maintenance T, 2 after T discontinuation), 2 of whom had radical surgery. In 8 pts (62%) disease has not relapsed (characteristics: all 1st-line therapy, ER negative 75%, liver only distant disease 75%). Conclusions: This is the largest series to our knowledge analyzing long-term FU of HER2+ MBC pts with DCR following CT+T. DCR pts appear to have prolonged survival and a substantial subgroup of them have no further disease relapse. These pts are usually treated in the 1st-line setting, have more frequently ER-negative disease and liver-only metastases. We are currently investigating the molecular profile of this subset of pts.
Endothelial NADH/NADPH-dependent enzymatic sources of superoxide production: relationship to endothelial dysfunction.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There is growing evidence that endothelial dysfunction, which is often defined as the decreased endothelial-derived nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, is a crucial factor leading to vascular disease states such as hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis, heart failure and cigarette smoking. This is due to the fact that the lack of NO in endothelium-dependent vascular disorders contributes to impaired vascular relaxation, platelet aggregation, increased vascular smooth muscle proliferation, and enhanced leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium. During the last several years, it has become clear that reduction of NO bioavailability in the endothelium-impaired function disorders is associated with an increase in endothelial production of superoxide (O(2)(*-)). Because O(2)(*-) rapidly scavenges NO within the endothelium, a reduction of bioactive NO might occur despite an increased NO generation. Among many enzymatic systems that are capable of producing O(2)(*-), NAD(P)H oxidase and uncoupled endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) apparently are the main sources of O(2)(*-) in the endothelial cells. It seems that O(2)(*-) generated by NAD(P)H oxidase may trigger eNOS uncoupling and contribute to the endothelial balance between NO and O(2)(*-). That is maintained at diverse levels.
Notices - B. Cunliffe, Winchester Excavations, 1949–60. Vol. 1. Winchester: Museums and Libraries Committee, 1964. Pp. xiv + 190, 9 plates, 66 text-figs. £1 (bound), 15s. (unbound).

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Notices - B. Cunliffe, Winchester Excavations, 1949–60. Vol. 1. Winchester: Museums and Libraries Committee, 1964. Pp. xiv + 190, 9 plates, 66 text-figs. £1 (bound), 15s. (unbound). - Volume 56 Issue 1-2