jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Modeling of the Kinetics of Polyoxymethylene Decomposition under Oxidative and Non-Oxidative Conditions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Research on the thermal and thermo-oxidative degradation of polyacetals allows for the development of effective methods of utilization of the waste of these polymers towards the recovery of monomers. For this purpose, in addition to qualitative analysis, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms of chemical reactions accompanying the decomposition process under the influence of temperature. Therefore, in this article, with the experimental results from the thermal analysis of the POM homopolymer of three various stages of life—POM-P—unprocessed sample; POM-R—recycled sample, and POM-O—sample waste—we took steps to determine the basic kinetic parameters using two well-known and commonly used kinetic models: Friedman and Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFW). Knowing the values of the course of changes in apparent activation energy as a function of partial mass loss, theoretical curves were fitted to the experimental data. The applied calculation models turned out to be consistent in terms of the nature of the curve changes and similar in terms of Ea in the entire range of mass loss. Both kinetic models showed a very similar course of the Ea curves. The samples that decompose under oxidative conditions obtained the best fit for the reaction of nth order with autocatalysis by product B model and the samples that decompose under inert conditions for the n-dimensional nucleation according to the Avrami–Erofeev model.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 2487 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "TaxonKey" : [ "is Combretum adenogonium Steud. ex A.Rich." ] } The dataset includes 2487 records from 97 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0005925-240314170635999/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Asperger’s Syndrome with depression and substance abuse: First-time presentation and diagnosis in a 64-year old man

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) rarely are brought to clinical notice in geriatric population.This case is of a 64 years old gentleman with high-functioning ASD (diagnosed as Asperger's Syndrome) presenting for social/ communication deficits affecting his personal life and career, resulting in depression and substance abuse.His family was skeptical about his symptoms.He was successfully treated for depression and substance abuse; CBT, psychoeducation, individual therapy, social skills training were done to help him cope with his ASD symptoms.Family therapy was done to improve the family's understanding of ASD and bonding with him.After 1 year of treatment, he is thriving in all aspects -better family relations, career management and personal emotional well-being.This opens up a discussion regarding undiagnosed ASD in older adults and elderly, comorbidities, the resulting community mental health burden which goes neglected, and therefore the need for more vigilant detection, and treatment options.
Genetic Ablation of The Ren1c and Leptin Genes Improves Insulin and Leptin Sensitivity in Mice

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

It is well‐recognized that the activation of the renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) and leptin resistance are implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Indeed, we have previously demonstrated that the mice lacking the renin ( Ren1c ‐/‐ ) gene are lean and insulin sensitive, which were associated with increased energy expenditure and fecal fat excretion. We further showed that the expression of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), a molecule that contributes to leptin resistance, was significantly decreased in Ren1c ‐/‐ mice. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that genetic deletion of Ren1c or blockade of angiotensin II (Ang II) AT 1 receptors improves leptin and insulin sensitivity in mice. To test the hypothesis, male wild‐type (WT) and Ren1c ‐/‐ mice were infused with or without leptin (100 μg/kg/day, i.p.) for two weeks. Mice were subjected to intraperitoneal glucose tolerance (IPGTT) and insulin tolerance test (IPITT) at basal and after leptin treatment. The expression of p‐STAT3 and AMPK was determined by western blot and ELISA. The expression of phosphorylated STAT3 proteins was significantly increased in the hypothalamus of Ren1c‐/‐ mice than in WT mice ( P <0.05), while AMPK activity of the hypothalamus was markedly decreased in Ren1c ‐/‐ mice ( P <0.05). These responses in Ren1c ‐/‐ mice were recapitulated by the blockade of AT 1 receptors with losartan (0.15 g/L in drinking water) in WT mice. We reasoned that these responses to leptin in Ren1c ‐/‐ mice may be due to decreased plasma leptin levels in Ren1c ‐/‐ mice. To further test this hypothesis, we generated mice lacking both renin and leptin ( Ren1c ‐/‐ ;ob/ob ). Ren1c ‐/‐ ;ob/ob mice had ~10% lower body weight than ob/ob mice under basal conditions, and their body weight and body fat decreased further in response to leptin infusion. More importantly, the hypothalamus of Ren1c ‐/‐ ;ob/ob mice had significantly lower SOCS3 and AMPK activity and higher p‐STAT3 expression compared to ob/ob mice ( P <0.05). Glucose and insulin tolerance were significantly improved in Ren1c ‐/‐ ;ob/ob mice, compared to ob/ob mice. Blockade of AT 1 receptors with losartan also significantly improved IPGTT and IPITT, respectively. Taken together, our results suggest that the RAS plays an important role in both insulin and leptin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes, and that genetic deletion of Ren1c or blockade of angiotensin II (Ang II) AT 1 receptors improves leptin and insulin sensitivity in ob/ob mice.
A New Technic for the Detection of Left-to-Right Cardiac Shunts by Use of an Esophageal Geiger-Muller Tube

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A new technic is described for the detection of left-to-right shunts. A miniature Geiger-Müller tube is placed in the esophagus behind the left atrium and positioned by the electrocardiogram. In this position the G-M tube measures radioactivity from the left atrium. Curves are then recorded simultaneously from the precordium, lung, and left atrium. Methods of injection, monitoring, and recording are presented that provide greater diagnostic accuracy over those external detector technics currently in use. Of 23 patients studied, 11 presented left-to-right shunts. Eight of these 11 patients were submitted to surgery; all were studied preoperatively and seven were studied postoperatively. Seven of the 11 shunts were detected by both precordial and esophageal technics. Four of the 11 shunts were missed by conventional precordial technics but were correctly diagnosed preoperatively by the esophageal detector. In addition, one shunt, which remained open postoperatively, was demonstrated clearly by the esophageal technic but was not indicated by the precordial curves. In no instance was the precordial curve positive for left-to-right shunt when the esophageal curve was negative. Although the accuracy of any radioisotope detection technic with external counting may not approach that of direct cardiac catheterization, this method, because of its relative simplicity and accuracy, is useful in the demonstration of left-to-right shunts both preoperatively and postoperatively.
Quantum dynamics study of isotope effect for H+CH4 reaction using the SVRT model

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The semirigid vibrating rotor target model is applied to study the isotope effect in reaction H+CH4→H2+CH3 using time-dependent wave-packet method. The reaction probabilities for producing H2 and HD product channels are calculated. The energy dependence of the reaction probabilities shows oscillating structures for both reaction channels. At low temperature or collision energies, the H atom abstraction is favored due to tunnelling effect. In partially deuterated CHxDy (x+y=4), the breaking of the C–H bond is favored over that of the C–D bond in the entire energy range studied. In H+CHD3 reaction at high energies, the HD product dominates simply due to statistical factor.
Effects of the addition of a protease agent to <i>imo-shochu moromi </i>on<i> </i>the volatile compounds and sensory characteristics of <i>imo-shochu</i>.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

芋焼酎の酒質の多様化を目的にプロテアーゼ剤を添加し,芋焼酎の仕込みを行い香気成分の生成及び香味に与える影響を検討した。まず,市販のプロテアーゼ剤11種類から4種類の酵素剤を選抜し,芋焼酎の小仕込み試験に供した。酵素剤添加醪では醪のアルコール濃度が増加し,酸性プロテアーゼにより醪の流動性が向上し,アルコールへの変換効率が高まったと推察された。また,醪酸度及び揮発酸度も上昇した。香気成分分析の結果,高級アルコール類はいずれの成分とも酵素剤を添加しない醪が最も高く,酵素剤添加焼酎の1.2~2.5倍の濃度となった。醪中のアミノ酸濃度の増加により,高級アルコール濃度の増加が期待されたが,アミノ酸濃度の低い醪の方が高い結果となった。アルデヒド類は,酵素剤添加焼酎が対照と比べて高濃度に含まれていた。発酵終了時の醪のアミノ酸量は,対照と比べ酵素剤を添加した醪では1.5~4.5倍に増加していた。醪中に増加したアミノ酸が酵母による代謝と蒸留中のストレッカー分解により増加した可能性が示唆された。官能評価の結果も対照と比較して酵素剤を添加した焼酎では,「果実」や食品を焼いた際に感じる香りのコメントが特徴的であった。以上のことから,芋焼酎製造においてプロテアーゼ剤を添加することで酒質は明らかに変化していることが認められ,芋焼酎の酒質の多様化を図ることができた。
TheYBand at 1.035 Microns: Photometric Calibration and the Dwarf Stellar/Substellar Color Sequence

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We define and characterize a photometric bandpass (called "Y") that is centered near 1.035 μm, in between the traditionally classified "optical" and "infrared" spectral regimes. We present Y magnitudes and Y−H and Y−K colors for a sample consisting mostly of photometric and spectral standards, spanning the spectral type range sdO to T5 V. Deep molecular absorption features in the near‐infrared spectra of extremely cool objects are such that the Y−H and Y−K colors grow rapidly with advancing spectral type especially from late M through mid‐L, substantially more rapidly than J−H or H−K, which span a smaller total dynamic range. Consistent with other near‐infrared colors, however, Y−H and Y−K colors turn blueward in the L6–L8 temperature range, with later T‐type objects having colors similar to those of warmer M and L stars. Y−J colors remain constant at 1.0 ± 0.15 mag from early‐L through late‐T dwarfs. The slope of the interstellar reddening vector within this filter is A_Y = 0.38A_V. Reddening moves stars nearly along the YHK dwarf color sequence, making it more difficult to distinguish unambiguously very low mass candidate brown dwarf objects from higher mass stars seen, e.g., through the Galactic plane or toward star‐forming regions. Other diagrams involving the Y band may be somewhat more discriminating.
StrainInfo SI-ID 403083.2

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

StrainInfo dataset 403083 about a strain of Nonomuraea fuscirosea. StrainInfo is a service developed to provide a resolution of microbial strain identifiers by storing culture collection numbers, their relations, and culture-associated data. StrainInfo is part of NFDI4Microbiota consortium.
Teaching students to question assumptions about gender and sexuality

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Every student in our public schools should have opportunities to learn about differences in gender and sexuality, just as they should learn about the world’s differing cultural traditions, religious practices, and political systems. Such knowledge about human differences is, the authors argue, a basic requirement for active citizenship in a diverse, pluralistic, and equitable society. A description of an LGBTQ+ literature course, taught by one of the authors, illustrates what this can look like in practice.
Application value of retronasal triangle in ultrasound screening of fetal facial anomalies in first trimester

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To evaluate the value of the retronasal triangle section in ultrasound screening of fetal facial anomalies in first trimester,and to compare the two-dimensional imaging results of the retronasal triangle with different pregnancy weeks. Methods The two-dimensional images of the retronasal triangle were evaluated in 300 consecutive normal fetuses at the time of routine first-trimester sonographic screening at 11~13+6weeks' gestation. They were divided into 3 groups:11~11+6 weeks group,12~12 +6 weeks group,and 13 ~13 +6 weeks group,respectively. The display qualified rate of the retronasal triangle was compared between different pregnancy weeks,and the retronasal triangle abnormal cases were analyzed. Results ①The qualified rate of the display of retronasal triangle was 90.8% for 11~11+6weeks group,92.2% for 12~12+6 weeks group,and 90.0% for 13~13+6weeks group,respectively. There was no difference in statistics. ②Qualified retronasal triangle section was obtained in 273 fetuses. There were 4 cases with abnormal retronasal triangle. Among them,two cases with retronasal triangle vertex deletion combined with palate bone echo deletion or break off,were diagnosed as nasal bone deletion,cleft lip and palate. Two cases with retronasal triangle vertex angle deletion,were diagnosed as nasal bone deletion. All the follow-up results of the cases were coincident with the ultrasound diagnosis. ③The retronasal triangle section was not obtained or not qualified in 27 fetuses. Among them,one case with cleft lip and palate was detected in the 22 pregnancy weeks and confirmed after birth. Conclusion Retronasal triangle is a feasible and reliable ultrasonographic index for screening fetal facial anomalies in first-trimester.
Comparative study on antioxidant activity, phytochemical analysis and mineral composition of the Mung Bean (Vigna Radiata) and its sprouts

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Mung beans have extensive applications in various industries such as agriculture, food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. Mung bean seeds and sprouts are consumed as excellent functional food worldwide that lower the risk of numerous diseases. Keeping this in view, the objective of the present study is identification of secondary metabolites and determination of antioxidative activity, protein content and metal estimation in dry mung seed (Gr-1) and 3 days sprouted raw (Gr-2) and sprouted boiled (Gr-3) mung beans. Phytochemical analysis of all the three groups showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, protein and amino acid, phytosterols, phenols and carbohydrate. Glycosides were only present in dry mung seed. Total phenolic contents in 10% aqueous homogenates of all three mung samples were found 10.5+ 0.91 mg, 39+ 1.28mg & 8.6+ 0.26 mg in Gr 1, Gr 2 & Gr 3, respectively. Antioxidant activity measured as ferric reducing antioxidant power assay showed 7.6+0.35% inhibition in Gr 1, 4.4+0.98% inhibition in Gr 2 and 2+0.11% inhibition in Gr 3. Total protein estimation was conducted by Lowry’s method showed 100g+ 8.5, 500g+ 40.5 and 50g+ 3.6 protein per100 g of sample in Gr1, Gr 2, Gr 3, respectively. Since trace elements play both curative and preventive role in combating diseases, therefore, further metal estimation (P,K,Na,Zn,Cu,Fe,Mg and Ca) was conducted in dry mung seed and 3 days sprouted mung bean samples. Ca was found in highest concentration (601.00+30.01ppm) dry mung seed sample, while P element was found in lowest concentration in both the samples. Fe concentration (759.00+15.91 ppm) was found highest in sprouted mung sample.Therefore, it may be concluded that presence of high contents of protein, antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds and microelements, raw mung sprouts can be recommended for functional ingredients, as well as an excellent dietary source of antioxidants. However, boiling of sprouted beans reduces nutritional value.
CLINICAL ADVANCES IN LIVER, PANCREAS, AND BILIARY TRACT Organ Failure and Infection of Pancreatic Necrosis as Determinants of Mortality in Patients With Acute Pancreatitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This article has an accompanying continuing medical education activity on page e13. Learning Objective: Upon completion of this exercise, successful learners will be able to recognize the major determinants of severity for acute pancreatitis. BACKGROUND & AIMS: There is no consistency between the individual studies in the literature on whether organ failure (OF) or infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is the main determinant of severity in acute pancreatitis. We aimed to statistically aggregate the available data and determine the pooled influence of OF and IPN on mortality in patients with acute pancreatitis. METHODS: The search for relevant observational studies was undertaken in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus electronic databases, as well as in the proceedings of major gastroenterology meetings. The summary estimates are presented as relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: Fourteen studies comprising 1478 patients with acute pancreatitis were meta-analyzed. A total of 600 patients developed OF and 179 of them died (mortality, 30%); 314 patients developed IPN and 102 of them died (mortality, 32%). In a stratified analysis, patients with OF and IPN had a significantly higher risk of death in comparison with patients with OF and no IPN (RR 1.94; 95% CI: 1.322.85; P .0007) and in comparison with patients with IPN and no OF (RR 2.65; 95% CI: 1.305.40; P .0007). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with acute pancreatitis, the absolute influence of OF and IPN on mortality is comparable and thus the presence of either indicates severe disease. The relative risk of mortality doubles when OF and IPN are both present and indicates extremely severe disease or critical acute pancreatitis.
Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of the Flowering Aerial Parts of Craniotome Furcata

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The composition of the steam volatile constituents of the flowering aerial parts of Craniotome furcata (Link.) O. Kuntze was determined by GC, GC/MS and NMR. The oil was constituted mainly of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (68%). The main constituents were germacrene D (49.2%), germacrene D-4-ol (8.8%), epi-α-cadinol (5.9%) and 10- epi-γ-eudesmol (4.2%). Germacrene-derivative constituents represented 61.5% of the total oil.
Organoleptic Test and Consumer Preference Level of Red Dragon Fruit Goat Milk Yoghurt (Hylocereus polyrhizus.L.) with The Addition of Various Levels of CMC (Carboxy Methyl Cellulose) Stabilizer

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding various levels of CMC stabilizer on organoleptic properties (color, taste, aroma, texture) and consumer preference levels. The study involved 30 untrained panelists. This study was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) using 4 Treatments and 5 replications. The treatments tested were the addition of different CMC stabilizer levels R1 = 0% (w/v), R1 = 0.3% (w/v), R3 = 0.6% (w/v), R4 = 0.9% (w/v). The variables observed were the organoleptic properties of color, taste, texture, aroma and consumer preference for red dragon fruit yoghurt. The results of the study showed that the addition of various levels of CMC stabilizer had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the color, aroma, texture, and consumer preference for red dragon fruit yoghurt. The highest value was the addition of 0.9% CMC with attractive color, typical yoghurt aroma, very thick texture, and was liked by consumers. The lowest assessment of color, aroma, texture and consumer preferences was the addition of 0.3% CMC with a rather attractive color, typical yoghurt aroma, liquid texture, and somewhat liked by consumers. The conclusion of this study is that yoghurt that has good color, aroma and texture values ​​and is preferred by panelists is yoghurt added with 0.9% CMC. The addition of CMC does not affect the taste of yoghurt.
Evaluation of the anticancer activity of sprout extract-loaded nanoemulsion ofN. sativaagainst hepatocellular carcinoma

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Nigella sativa L. belonging to Ranunculaceae family is an important medicinal spice which has been utilised to treat various chronic diseases. Lipid nanoemulsions containing oil from medicinal plants have shown to enhance drug dissolvability, diminish symptoms of different powerful medications and enhance the bioavailability of medications, in contrast with conventional formulations. In the present study, aqueous titration method was used to prepare nanoemulsion. The optimised formulation (NE11) with the mean particle size of 37.47 nm showed a minimum viscosity of 0.547 cps and maximum drug release (98.2%) in 24 h. The stability study showed considerably stable formulations at refrigerator temperature as compared to room temperature. The cancer cell line studies confirmed that 5d sprout extract of N. sativa nanoemulsion reduced the cell viability (p < .05) and increased colony formation, ROS intensity and chromatin condensation. All data such as colony formation, ROS intensity and chromatin condensation are represented as mean ± SD (p < .001) treated cells for 48 hours. Our results concluded that the development of nanoemulsion could be an efficient carrier for drug delivery.
The Relationship between Periodontal Disease and Vitamin D

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Background: As vitamin Dis known to have functions in bone homeostasis and immune system regulation, it is plausible that vitamin D levels could affect the progression of periodontal disease. Currently, there is conflicting evidence regarding the role of vitamin D in the progression of periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between plasma 2S{OH}D concentration and periodontal disease measured by gingival inflammation {GI} and loss of attachment {LOA}. It is hypothesized that lower 2S{OH}D levels will be associated with higher measures for GI and LOA. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey {CHMS} on subjects aged 13 - 79 years of age. Vitamin D status was determined by measuring plasma 25{OH}D concentrations in nmol/L. Periodontal disease was measured by assessing (GI} using Lee's gingival index and by calculating (LOA}. Student's t-tests and chi-square tests were used to perform a bivariate analysis between potential independent variables including 2S(OH}D and the dependent variables of GI and LOA. Multiple logistic regression analyses were then performed for GI and LOA to determine the adjusted correlation between 2S{OH}D and GI and 25{OH}D and LOA and to control for potential confounding variables. Results: Plasma 25{OH}D concentration less than 50 nmol/L and less than 75 nmol/L, but not mean plasma 2S{OH}D concentration, were associated with GI at the bivariate level. However, no association was found between mean plasma 25(OH}D concentration, 2S(OH}D concentration less than 50 nmol/, or 25(OH}D concentration less than 75 nmol/L and GI in the multiple regression analysis. None of mean plasma 25{OH}D concentration, 25{OH}D concentration less than 50 nmol/L, or 2S(OH}D concentration less than 75 nmol/L were associated with LOA at the bivariate level. A statistically significant association was observed between 2S(OH}D concentration less than 75 nmol/L and LOA in the multiple regression analysis, but not mean plasma 2S{OH}D concentration or 2S{OH}D concentration less than 50 nmol/L. Conclusion: Vitamin D status was inversely associated with GI at the bivariate level, but not at the multivariate level. Conversely, vitamin D status was not associated with LOA at the bivariate level, but it was inversely associated with LOA at the multivariate level. These results provide modest evidence supporting a relationship between low plasma 25(OH}D concentrations and periodontal disease as measured by GI and LOA.