jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Influence of remifentanil on the cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen metabolism in patients underwent craniocerebral operation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To analyze the influence of remifentanil on cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen metabolism in patients with underwent craniocerebral operation.Methods:A total of 60 patients underwent craniocerebral operation from June 2010 to December 2012 were randomly divided into control group(fentanyl group,30 cases) and observation group(remifentanil group,30 cases),then the middle cerebral artery hemodynamics indexes,cerebrovascular hemodynamics indexes and cerebral oxygen metabolism of two groups before and 10 min,30 min after inducing anaesthesia and 5 min after withdrawal of after the anaesthesia were compared.Results:The fluctuation range of cerebral artery hemodynamics indexes of the observation group were lighter;cerebral artery hemodynamics indexes and cerebral artery hemodynamics indexes were superior than that of the control group showing significant difference between the two groups(P all0.05).Conclusion:With great safety,remifentanil shows positive influence on the cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen metabolism indexes in patients underwent craniocerebral operation.
Study on Energy Supplement of Cyclist during Exercise

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to discuss the role of carbohydrate supplement during exercise. Water, food of low glycemic index and sports drink were supplemented by cyclists in road train for 4 hours, blood sugar was tested in exercise of 2,3,4 hours and at 2 hours post exercise, BLA and BUN also were tested in different time. Results showed carbohydrate supplement alleviated decrease of blood sugar efficiently during long time exercise, and sports drink of high glycemic index may increase body sugar level and keep it. Carbohydrate supplement made for decreasing concentration of BLA and BUN.
Multi-scale analyses of granular flows for disaster resilience enhancement

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A study that overlaps the fundamentals of granular flows with human responses to disasters at the community or regional scale is considered to be a strategic approach that advances existing methods in natural and human-induced hazard research in light of global-scale changes in earth systems. This study aims to improve the understanding: 1) on the mechanical behaviors of fluidized loess flowslide using centrifuge modeling as well as in-house designed laboratory testing and elastic wave characterization techniques (i.e. natural systems), and 2) on the cascading impacts of geohazards on local communities, assessing disaster resilience associated with reconstruction strategies and the performance of debris flow mitigation systems (i.e. natural-human systems interactions). \nThe current work reveals the state-dependent effects of structure on flow behavior of loess and proposes modified criteria to predict the flow behavior. Laboratory tests show the changes in the mechanical behavior due to decementation of loess and indicate the needs to study loess within the scope of geotechnical analysis. The failure mechanism of loess flowslide is better understood from the study on the deformation process that shows the compounding effects of increasing pore-water pressure and reducing confining stresses on static liquefaction. The earthquake and post-earthquake impacts are documented after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, which permits a pilot study on quantifying the recovery processes of two communities of different reconstruction modes in light of Bayesian-based learning method. The design and performance of post-earthquake debris flow mitigation systems are reviewed; it offers a simple and robust data-driven approach to evaluate the effectiveness of debris flow mitigation systems at the regional scale.
Renal functional reserve capacity before and after living kidney donation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Compensatory gomerular filtration rate (GFR) increase after kidney donation results in a GFR above 50% of the predonation value. The renal functional reserve (RFR) assessed by the renal response to dopamine infusion (RFR dopa ) is considered to reflect functional reserve capacity and is thought to be a tool for living donor screening. However, it is unknown if the RFR dopa predicts long-term kidney function. Between 1984 and 2017, we prospectively measured GFR ( 125 I-iothalamate) and RFR by dopamine infusion in 937 living kidney donors. We performed linear regression analysis of predonation RFR dopa and postdonation GFR. In donors with 5-yr follow-up after donation we assessed the association with long-term GFR. Mean donor age was 52 yr (SD 11); 52% were female. Mean predonation GFR was 114 ml/min (SD 22), GFR dopa was 124 ml/min (SD 24), resulting in an RFR of 9 ml/min (SD 10). Three months postdonation, GFR was 72 ml/min (SD 15) and GFR dopa was 75 ml/min (SD 15), indicating that donors still had RFR dopa [3 ml/min (SD 6), P < 0.001]. Predonation RFR dopa was not associated with predonation GFR [standardized (st.) β −0.009, P = 0.77] but was positively associated with GFR 3 mo after donation (st. β 0.12, P < 0.001). In the subgroup of donors with 5-yr follow-up data ( n = 383), RFR dopa was not associated with GFR at 5 yr postdonation (st. β 0.05, P = 0.35). In conclusion, RFR dopa is a predictor of short-term GFR after living kidney donation but not of long-term kidney function. Therefore, measurement of the RFR dopa is not a useful tool for donor screening. Studies investigating long-term renal adaptation are warranted to study the effects of living kidney donation and improve donor screening.
A Novel Multi-Camera Global Calibration Method for Gaze Tracking System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In a 3-D gaze tracking system, the system calibration is used to determine the positions of the light sources and the screen in the camera coordinate system, which plays an important role in the estimation of the 3-D gaze and the point of regard (PoR). The traditional way for the system calibration is the mirror-based method, in which a mirror is used to make the light sources and the screen can be captured by the camera through specular reflection. However, the mirror-based method is imprecise and complex. In this paper, a novel system-calibration method for the 3-D gaze tracking system is proposed. On the basis of the system camera, a calibration camera is placed on the opposite of the screen to constitute a multi-camera system. The images are captured by the two cameras to estimate the light sources and the screen of the system camera coordinate frame. Simulations and experiments were carried out to illustrate the validation of the method. This method solves the problem that the light sources and the screen are not in view of the system camera. In addition, it is easy to implement while ensuring high accuracy and providing a new method for other similar calibration systems.
Role of Terms of Trade in Indian Agricultural Growth: A National and State Level Analysis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Using time series data, this paper analyses the relative contributions of terms of trade and non-price variables in explaining agricultural growth in recent decades in India. Agricultural growth is largely explained by expansion of irrigation, (which in the model is also a proxy for HYVs and other capital investments), and, until the 1970s, by increases in the net cultivated area. Agricultural output is inelastic, and is becoming increasingly more so over time. The terms of trade was not an important factor in explaining past growth. Even during the late 1960s and early 1970s when the terms of trade improved by 18 percent for agriculture, they only accounted for 15 percent of the growth in output. Increases in agricultural output are also found to worsen the terms of trade for agriculture, despite government attempts to control prices. The results highlight the importance of further investments in agricultural research, extension, irrigation and other supply-enhancing inputs if the ongoing policy reforms in India are to translate into more rapid and sustained agricultural growth.
Graph-based and generative approaches to multi-document summarization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Multi-document summarization is a challenging problem in the Natural Language Processing field that has drawn a lot of interest from the research community. In this paper, we propose a two-phase pipeline to tackle the Vietnamese abstractive multi-document summarization task. The initial phase of the pipeline involves an extractive summarization stage including two different systems. The first system employs a hybrid model based on the TextRank algorithm and a text correlation consideration mechanism. The second system is a modified version of SummPip - an unsupervised graph-based method for multi-document summarization. The second phase of the pipeline is abstractive summarization models. Particularly, generative models are applied to produce abstractive summaries from previous phase outputs. The proposed method achieves competitive results as we surpassed many strong research teams to finish the first rank in the AbMusu task - Vietnamese abstractive multi-document summarization, organized in the VLSP 2022 workshop.
Genetic localization of the type I trimethoprim resistance gene and its dissemination in urinary tract isolates in Taiwan.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In a total of 425 urinary isolates of E. coli, Enterobacter spp., and Klebsiella spp. selected, there were 169 (45.4%) isolates harbouring type I dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene among 374 trimethoprim-resistant isolates. In these 169 isolates, only 17.2% hybridized with the Tn7 probe. According to another probe specific for the integrase gene of integron, 87.6% showed a positive reaction. Further analysis by restriction mapping proved that the type I DHFR gene was inserted into a integron-like structure. These results indicate that the type I DHFR gene that was initially observed in association with transposable element Tn7 is becoming associated with an integrase function similar to integrons in most instances. Further analysis of the distribution of Tn21-like integrase gene in clinical isolates indicated that the prevalence rates were 86.4%, 84.8%, and 76.7% respectively in E. coli, Enterobacter spp., and Klebsiella spp.. Furthermore, the integrase gene found in our clinical isolates proved to be mediated by a plasmid, demonstrated by Southern hybridization. Thus, the trimethoprim-resistant gene that developed under selective pressure from the double drug trimethoprim and sulphonamide was transmitted by insertion into integron-like structure and then mediated by plasmid transfer for dissemination.
Education and Work: Children’s Lives in Rural Sub‑Saharan Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper proposes a dynamic conceptual framework – the edu-workscape – for understanding how rural children in sub-Saharan Africa navigate three key gendered social arenas: the household, school and workplaces. Focusing on school, in particular, the paper highlights the violence, harm and labour that occur there, and argues that learning, work and harm co-exist across all three institutional domains, and in context, and should therefore be considered holistically.
Gene Transfer into Marrow Repopulating Cells: Comparison Between Amphotropic and Gibbon Ape Leukemia Virus Pseudotyped Retroviral Vectors in a Competitive Repopulation Assay in Baboons

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Many diseases might be treated by gene therapy targeted to the hematopoietic system, but low rates of gene transfer achieved in humans and large animals have limited the application of this technique. We have developed a competitive hematopoietic repopulation assay in baboons to evaluate methods for improving gene transfer and have used this method to compare gene transfer rates for retroviral vectors having an envelope protein (pseudotype) from amphotropic murine retrovirus with similar vectors having an envelope protein derived from gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV). We hypothesized that vectors with a GALV pseudotype might perform better based on our previous work with cultured human hematopoietic cells. CD34+ marrow cells from each of four untreated baboons were divided into two equal portions that were cocultivated for 48 hours with packaging cells producing equivalent titers of either amphotropic or GALV pseudotyped vectors containing the neo gene. The vectors contained small sequence differences to allow differentiation of cells genetically marked by the different vectors. Nonadherent and adherent cells from the cultures were infused into animals after they received a myeloablative dose of total body irradiation. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis for neo gene-specific sequences in colony-forming unit–granulocyte-macrophage from cell populations used for transplant showed gene transfer rates of 2.7%, 7.1%, <15%, and 3.9% with the amphotropic vectors and 7.1%, 11.3%, <15%, and 26.4% with the GALV pseudotyped vector. PCR analysis of peripheral blood and marrow cells after engraftment showed the neo gene to be present in all four animals analyzed at levels between 0.1% and 5%. Overall gene transfer efficiency was higher with the GALVpseudotyped vector than with the amphotropic vectors. Southern blot analysis in one animal confirmed a gene transfer efficiency of between 1% and 5%. The higher gene transfer efficiency with the GALV-pseudotyped vector correlated with higher levels of GALV receptor RNA compared with the amphotropic receptor in CD34+ hematopoietic cells. These results show that GALV-pseudotyped vectors are capable of transducing baboon marrow repopulating cells and may allow more efficient gene transfer rates for human gene therapy directed at hematopoietic cells. In addition, our data show considerable differences in gene transfer efficiency between individual baboons, suggesting that a competitive repopulation assay will be critical for evaluation of methods designed to improve gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells.
Army dental mechanic completes a set of dentures

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

An army dental mechanic puts finishing touches to a new set of dentures manufactured at the New Zealand Dental Corps laboratory in Nielles, France. Photograph taken November 1917 by Henry Armytage Sanders.
An original print from this negative is in album PA1-f-091
Inscriptions: Photographer's title on negative - bottom right - H333
Quantity: 1 b&w original negative(s).
Physical Description: Dry plate glass negative 4.75 x 6.5 inches
Theoretically designed interventions for colorectal cancer prevention: A Case of the Health Belief Model

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: According to the WHO, most chronic diseases, including cancer, can be prevented by identifying their risk factors such as unhealthy diet, smoking and physical inactivity. This research examined the effectiveness of a theory-based educational intervention on colorectal cancer-related preventive nutritional behaviors among a sample of organizational staff. Methods: In this interventional study, 110 employees of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were randomly divided into two groups (intervention and control) with cluster sampling. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire containing two parts of 10-dimensional information and health belief model constructs. The educational intervention was conducted for one month and in four sessions in the form of classroom lecture, pamphlet, educational text messages via mobile phones and educational pamphlets through the office automation system. Two groups were evaluated in two stages, pre-test and post-test. Data were analyzed using SPSS-18 software, analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and independent t-test (intergroup comparisons). Results: Two groups were evaluated for variables such as age, sex, education level and family history of colorectal cancer, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). After the two months since intervention, except for the mean score of perceived barriers, which was not significant after intervention, the mean scores of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived self-efficacy, behavioral intention, and preventive behaviors were significantly increased after the intervention in the intervention group compared to the control group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Implementation of educational intervention based on health belief model was effective for the personnel, and can enhance the preventative nutritional behaviors related to colorectal cancer.
Can the Helium-detonation Model Explain the Observed Diversity of Type Ia Supernovae?

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We study a sample of 16 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) having both spectroscopic and photometric observations within 2–3 days after the first light. The early B − V colors of such a sample tend to show a continuous distribution. For objects with normal ejecta velocity (NV), the C ii λ 6580 feature is always visible in the early spectra, while it is absent or very weak in the high-velocity (HV) counterpart. Moreover, the velocities of the detached high-velocity features (HVFs) of the Ca II near-IR triplet (CaIR3) above the photosphere are found to be much higher in HV objects than in NV objects, with typical values exceeding 30,000 km s −1 at 2–3 days. We further analyze the relation between the velocity shift of late-time [Fe II ] lines ( v [Fe II ] ) and host galaxy mass. We find that all HV objects have redshifted v [Fe II ] , while NV objects have both blue- and redshifted v [Fe II ] . It is interesting to point out that the objects with redshifted v [Fe II ] are all located in massive galaxies, implying that HV and a portion of NV objects may have similar progenitor metallicities and explosion mechanisms. We propose that, with a geometric/projected effect, the He-detonation model may account for the similarity in birthplace environment and the differences seen in some SNe Ia, including B − V colors, C II features, CaIR3 HVFs at early times, and v [Fe II ] in the nebular phase. Nevertheless, some features predicted by He-detonation simulation, such as the rapidly decreasing light curve, deviate from the observations, and some NV objects with blueshifted nebular v [Fe II ] may involve other explosion mechanisms.
Antimicrobial Phenolic Materials: From Assembly to Function

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Infectious diseases pose considerable challenges to public health, particularly with the rise of multidrug‐resistant pathogens that globally cause high mortality rates. These pathogens can persist on surfaces and spread in public and healthcare settings. Advances have been made in developing antimicrobial materials to reduce the transmission of pathogens, including materials composed of naturally sourced polyphenols and their derivatives, which exhibit antimicrobial potency, broad‐spectrum activity, and a lower likelihood of promoting resistance. This review provides an overview of recent advances in the fabrication of antimicrobial phenolic biomaterials, where natural phenolic compounds act as active antimicrobial agents or encapsulate other antimicrobial agents (e.g., metal ions, antimicrobial peptides, natural biopolymers). Various forms of phenolic biomaterials synthesized through these two strategies, including antimicrobial particles, capsules, hydrogels, and coatings, are summarized, with a focus on their application in wound healing, bone repair and regeneration, oral health, and antimicrobial coatings for medical devices. The potential of these advanced phenolic biomaterials provides a promising therapeutic approach for combating antimicrobial‐resistant infections and reducing microbial transmission.
Defective anterior wall of inguinal canal and its role in the pathophysiology of direct inguinal hernias

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Regrding pathophysiology of direct inguinal hernias the following are pointed our:1-Absence of contribution of fascia of transverses abdominis muscle along with fascia transversalis in making posterior wall of the inguinal canal causing defect point in Hesselbachs triangle.2- Defects in protectin mechanisms of the inguinal canal such as: I) shutter like effect of the arch of internal oblique and transverses abdominis muscles. ii) Sphincter like effect of fascia of oblique muscle (anterior wall of canl).During several years of observation and practice in the field of surgical repair of hernias, a new phenomenon was observed regarding the etiology of direct hernias.Evaluation of superficial ring and Ant. Wall of inguinal canal in 25 patients showed that the ant. Wall was not perfect and the defect was seen as a spectrum of moderate defect to complete absence of the wall. This phenomenon may be a newly observed mechanism in pathology of direct inguinal hernia that might help the operative repair. Taking this into account, i.e. repair of this defect, might help the classic herniorrhaphy techniques
Antigenotoxic and Apoptotic Activity of Green Tea Polyphenol Extracts on Hexavalent Chromium-Induced DNA Damage in Peripheral Blood of CD-1 Mice: Analysis with Differential Acridine Orange/Ethidium Bromide Staining

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study was conducted to investigate the modulating effects of green tea polyphenols on genotoxic damage and apoptotic activity induced by hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] in CD-1 mice. Animals were divided into the following groups: (i) injected with vehicle; (ii) treated with green tea polyphenols (30 mg/kg) via gavage; (iii) injected with CrO 3 (20 mg/kg) intraperitoneally; (iv) treated with green tea polyphenols in addition to CrO 3 . Genotoxic damage was evaluated by examining micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MN-PCEs) obtained from peripheral blood at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment. Induction of apoptosis and cell viability were assessed by differential acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining. Treatment of green tea polyphenols led to no significant changes in the MN-PCEs. However, CrO 3 treatment significantly increased MN-PCEs at 24 and 48 h after injection. Green tea polyphenols treatment prior to CrO 3 injection led to a decrease in MN-PCEs compared to the group treated with CrO 3 only. The average of apoptotic cells was increased at 48 h after treatment compared to control mice, suggesting that apoptosis could contribute to eliminate the DNA damaged cells induced by Cr (VI). Our findings support the proposed protective effects of green tea polyphenols against the genotoxic damage induced by Cr (VI).
Changing Work in Changing Contexts: New Perspectives for Job Analysis in Career Counseling

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The uncertainty, unpredictability and rapid changes that characterize current times challenge procedures and activities usually carried out by career counseling professionals. There is then the need to give new meanings to dimensions and procedures previously used in the analysis of work activities, introduce dimensions more related to new visions of work and consider suggestions from international organizations. After presenting the most recent theoretical perspectives and principles suggested to career counselors, we will propose a sustainability-guided and context-based approach to Job Analysis and provide an example of its potentials to support career counselors who successfully fulfill their professional tasks.