jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Representation Of Sovereignty In Chinese Vernacular Fiction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Like all literatures with long traditions, Chinese narrative literature has, in the course of millennia, developed a range of set characterizations. It is particularly easy to recognize such characterizations in the genre of drama, as traditional Chinese theater has a variety of fixed role types that are visually marked by different facial make-up and costumes, each in keeping with the characteristics of the role type being represented. The power of role types in Chinese theater gives it a particular character: a simplicity, a superficiality even, which can be delightful, but ultimately proves dissatisfying if one looks for complexity not in plot but in characterization. Feng Menglong's six stories with emperors and kings as their main protagonists-not those about Zhao Xu and Yu Zhongju, in which the emperor is not the leading actor-are neatly divided between dynasty-founders and bad last rulers. Keywords: Chinese theater; Chinese vernacular fiction; Feng Menglong
Endothelin Antagonism and Interleukin-6 Inhibition Attenuate the Proatherogenic Effects of C-Reactive Protein

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background — C-reactive protein (CRP) has been suggested to actively participate in the development of atherosclerosis. In the present study, we examined the role of the potent endothelium-derived vasoactive factor endothelin-1 (ET-1) and the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) as mediators of CRP-induced proatherogenic processes. Methods and Results — Saphenous vein endothelial cells (HSVECs) were incubated with human recombinant CRP (25 μg/mL, 24 hours) and the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), and monocyte chemoattractant chemokine-1 was determined. The effects of CRP on LDL uptake were assessed in macrophages using immunofluorescent labeling of CD32 and CD14. In each study, the effect of endothelin antagonism (bosentan) and IL-6 inhibition (monoclonal anti-IL-6 antibodies) was examined. The effects of CRP on the secretion of ET-1 and IL-6 from HSVECs were also evaluated. Incubation of HSVECs with recombinant human CRP resulted in a marked increase in ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression ( P <0.001). Likewise, CRP caused a significant increase in monocyte chemoattractant chemokine-1 production, a key mediator of leukocyte transmigration ( P <0.001). CRP caused a marked and sustained increase in native LDL uptake by macrophages ( P <0.05). These proatherosclerotic effects of CRP were mediated, in part, via increased secretion of ET-1 and IL-6 ( P <0.01) and were attenuated by both bosentan and IL-6 antagonism ( P <0.01). Conclusions — CRP actively promotes a proatherosclerotic and proinflammatory phenotype. These effects are mediated, in part, via the production of ET-1 and IL-6 and are attenuated by mixed ET A/B receptor antagonism and IL-6 inhibition. Bosentan may be useful in decreasing CRP-mediated vascular disease.
2226-PUB: Direct Sanitary Cost of Diabetes Mellitus Ambulatory Treatment in the Institute of Prevision Social of Paraguay

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Institute of Prevision Social (IPS), social security of Paraguay is responsible for the complete provision of diseases treatment of the worker and his family. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent diseases in our country. Aim: To determine the direct health cost of DM outpatient treatment (medications and medical visits) of IPS in 2018. Methods: Observational, descriptive, transverse. Data were collected on the type and quantity of antidiabetic medication consumed and the number of visits per patient with type 1 and 2 DM, of the computer registry: “SIH” from January to December 2018, available at all IPS centers in the country. Results: 67,664 patients who received antidiabetic medication were included. Female 50.5%, age 64.5 ± 21.53 years. 79.7% use oral medication (1 or more drugs.) 30.3% use insulins (alone or in combination). In order of frequency, the most commonly used drugs are: Metformin 73% Glimepiride 41%, Insulin NPH 20% Basal insulin analogues 16%, Regular Insulin 5.4% Sitagliptin. 2% and ultrarapid analogs 1.8% of the total population. One visit per patient was averaged every 3.7 months with the internist, family doctor or endocrinologist; cost of $ 7,14/visit (stipulated by the Paraguayan Society of Internal Medicine), which yields an annual cost of outpatient visits of $2,166,720. The estimated annual cost used in antidiabetic medications was $ 3,842,977: Basal insulin analogs $ 1,802,808, NPH insulin $ 811,260, Ultrarapid insulin analogs $ 568,788, , Metformin $ 330,249, Sitagliptin $ 167,754, Glimepiride $ 103,656, Human rapid insulin 58,433 $; averaging a cost per patient of $ 89 per year. Conclusion: The high costs generated by the disease, even without the calculation of hospitalizations, complications, work disability, suggests the need to promote primary prevention policies for DM. On the other hand, the optimization of health resources, using cost/effective medication, could help reduce health expenditure in our institution. Disclosure S.P. Arzamendia: None. F. Romero: None. E. Valinotti: None.
Evaluation of physical and chemical properties of carrots dried by Refractance Window drying

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Refractance Window™ (RW) technique was used to dry carrot slices (3 cm diameter; 0.2 and 0.4 cm thickness) at 74 and 94°C. Moisture loss, texture, color, total polyphenol content (TPC), and antioxidant activity (AA) were evaluated as response variables and were compared with the values of a control (fresh carrot) and the slices dried via convective drying (C) at the same temperatures. The RW method produced a reduction of drying time of 26–51% (p < 0.05) when compared to convective drying. The color, TPC, and AA values for the RW treatment did not differ (p > 0.05) compared with the control. The texture values showed a difference with respect to the control for the two drying methods used. However, between the two drying methods there was no difference in the texture (p > 0.05). The results suggest that the RW technology can be used to develop products with better functional properties compared with those obtained via conventional air-drying methods.
Factors influencing conversion of rubber lands to alternative crops in Sri Lanka: a case study in Palindanuwara in Kalutara District

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Using binary logistic model with primary data collected from a sample of 300 former and present rubber smallholders in Palindanuwara DS division in Kalutara district, this study attempts to answer the question of why rubber smallholders convert to alternative crops despite increasing rubber prices. Our findings concludes that the individual decision to transit from rubber to alternative crops is positively influenced by expected net income and expected leisure time after conversion. Relative profit margin of the old crop (rubber) compared to the new crops is found to negatively influence the decision to convert. However, conversion at national level is mostly due to money illusion where smallholders misinterpret an increase in relative income as an increase in relative profit. Smallholders’ gender, age and education were proven irrelevant to the decision of convert.
Conceptualization of the term “Marital Rape” Regarding Controversies in Bangladesh : A Qualitative Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A single woman when gets the outfit by societal law as a married woman the surroundings of that woman gets quite in a changing dilemma or may not be in a dilemma. In Bangladesh, a term turns into a sensitive issue which seems to be a matter of harassing someone’s family matters or outburst of feminism to most of the people like us. And the term is ‘marital rape.’ As majority of our population is Muslim, so some thinks that this is absolutely a man made feminist concept whether a girl is married means she is totally the property of her better half. She has no right to speak about her cohabitation activities neither complain to anyone. However, here comes a short glimpse to focus on this issue in our country like Bangladesh.
Eosinophilic Fasciitis Following Pregnancy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor.—

In his original description of diffuse fasciitis with eosinophilia, Shulman1noted that several patients showed development of their initial symptoms after exercise, and he suggested that a peculiar response to undue physical exertion may be partly responsible for the condition. Subsequent reports2,3(240:451, 1978) have characterized eosinophilic fasciitis as a distinct entity. We report here a case of eosinophilic fasciitis that started after pregnancy.

Report of a Case.—

The patient was a 42-year-old mother of two with a nine-month history of pain, weakness, and swelling of her hands, which interfered with her caring for her baby who was born three months before the onset of her symptoms. She was in good health. She had had one previous, uneventful pregnancy 20 years earlier. She denied dysphagia and Raynaud's phenomenon. She did no regular exercise. The skin of her forearms and her hands was tense and warm.
Morpho-anatomical characterization and DNA barcoding of Achillea millefolium L.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract. Ilham M,Mukarromah SR, Rakashiwi GA, Indriati DT, Yoku BF, Purnama PR, Junairiah, Prasongsuk S,Purnobasuki H, Wahyuni DK. 2022. Morpho-anatomical characterizationand DNA barcoding of Achillea millefolium L. Biodiversitas 23: 1958-1969. One of the important things to study the distribution of secondary metabolites in the plant body is to carry out the identification process. Morphological markers have several limitations to recognize plants, therefore supporting data is needed so that the information becomes more comprehensive. This study aims to identify Achillea millefolium L. based on morphological, anatomical, and DNA barcoding markers to obtain specific data and avoid confusion. Morphological studies were carried out descriptively using vegetative organs, while anatomical studies of rhizomes, stems, and leaves used the paraffin method. The DNA barcoding was performed by analyzinggenes from 3 different individuals. The research was carried out by amplifying and sequencing the partial gene in the ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylaselarge subunit (rbcL) regions and maturase-K (matK). The results showed that the plant had taproots, short stems due to root rosette and the leaves were double compound. The rhizome and stem tissues had almost the same structure, while the leaves had a tissue arrangement that was similar to other plants in general, except that the mesophyll tissue was undifferentiated. The results of DNA barcoding showed a percentage of identity above 98% for both the rbcLand matK genes.
Supernovae and interstellar gas dynamics

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The efficiency of the transfer of energy from supernovae into interstellar cloud motions is investigated. A lower limit of about 0·002 is obtained, but values near 0·01 are more likely. Taking all uncertainties in the theory and observations into account, the energy per supernova, in the form of relativistic particles or high-velocity matter, needed to maintain the random motions in the interstellar gas is estimated as 10 51·4±1 ergs.
Advancing School and Community Engagement Now for Disease Prevention (ASCEND)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose. To compare two intensity levels (standard vs. enhanced) of a nutrition and physical activity intervention vs. a control (usual programs) on nutrition knowledge, body mass index, fitness, academic performance, behavior, and medication use among elementary school students. Design. Quasi-experimental with three arms. Setting. Elementary schools, students’ homes, and a supermarket. Subjects. A total of 1487 third-grade students. Intervention. The standard intervention (SI) provided daily physical activity in classrooms and a program on making healthful foods, using food labels. The enhanced intervention (EI) provided these plus additional components for students and their families. Measures. Body mass index (zBMI), food label literacy, physical fitness, academic performance, behavior, and medication use for asthma or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Analysis. Multivariable generalized linear model and logistic regression to assess change in outcome measures. Results. Both the SI and EI groups gained less weight than the control (p < .001), but zBMI did not differ between groups (p = 1.00). There were no apparent effects on physical fitness or academic performance. Both intervention groups improved significantly but similarly in food label literacy (p = .36). Asthma medication use was reduced significantly in the SI group, and nonsignificantly (p = .10) in the EI group. Use of ADHD medication remained unchanged (p = .34). Conclusion. The standard intervention may improve food label literacy and reduce asthma medication use in elementary school children, but an enhanced version provides no further benefit.
[Cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase system and anesthetics].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases constitute the primary enzyme system responsible for the oxidative metabolism of a variety of xenobiotics and endogenous compounds including drugs, carcinogens, fatty acids and hormones. The monooxygenase system consists of multiple forms of P450 enzymes, NADPH-cytochrome reductase and phospholipids. The level sof P450s and associated monooxygenase activities are subject to be regulated by many environmental, physiological, and pathological factors. Inhalation and intravenous anesthetics are all metabolized through these biotransformation enzymes. The pharmacokinetic properties as well as the toxicity of the anesthetics are closely related to the inducing or inhibitory status of the monooxygenase isozymes. To understand the role of cytochrome P450-monooxygenases in drug metabolism is essential for us to handle the drug-to-drug interactions and adverse effects.
Metastasizing Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Salivary Gland Involving the Sternum: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The acinar-ductal units of the three pairs of main salivary glands (submandibular, sublingual, and parotid) and small salivary glands are encircled by myoepithelial cells, which are functionally altered epithelial cells that produce extracellular matrix. The majority of salivary gland tumors are benign; large glands account for 70% of cases, while small glands account for 25%. Salivary gland tumors make up 2 to 6.5% of all head and neck neoplasms. Tumors in the salivary glands can be cancerous at different rates—most often in the sublingual gland, less so in the submandibular gland, and least commonly in the parotid gland. Among adults, pleomorphic adenoma is the most commonly diagnosed salivary gland tumor, which is often a benign with a well-defined circumference and a modest growth rate. Despite being malignant, metastatic pleomorphic adenoma (MPA) shares identical histological features with benign pleomorphic adenoma (PA). This report details a case of pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland exhibiting metastasis to the sternum in an geriatric patient.
The Role of Nutraceuticals in Age-Related Ocular Diseases

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Although conventional medicine has seen substantial progress in recent years, there is a growing interest in nutraceuticals, bioactive compounds derived from natural sources such as plants, fruits, and cereals, due to their potential therapeutic applications. These substances have garnered increasing attention for their capacity to support ocular health and to aid in the prevention and management of age-related eye disorders, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), cataracts, and glaucoma. This review provides a comprehensive and detailed analysis of selected nutraceuticals related to ocular health and diseases. It aims to define their pharmacodynamic properties, to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying their effects and to critically evaluate the current evidence regarding their potential clinical applications. By integrating findings from both preclinical and clinical studies, this review seeks to offer insights into the role of these nutraceuticals in the prevention, management, and adjunctive treatment of various ocular disorders, thereby suggesting future research directions and clinical practice. Notable attention is given to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties, which are believed to contribute to the preservation of visual function and the deceleration of disease progression. Elucidating the medicinal benefits of these compounds may open new pathways for complementary or alternative strategies in the prevention and treatment of ocular diseases.
Clinical trials studying pharmacotherapy and psychological treatments alone and together

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pharmacologic treatment of pain has made tremendous advances in recent years, and multiple clinical trials support the usefulness of psychological interventions in reducing pain, disability, and even costs, in a number of chronically painful conditions. Despite the widespread use of combined pharmacologic and psychological treatments in clinical care, little is known about the potential for these two very different types of interventions to provide additive or possibly synergistic effects. After briefly reviewing of the clinical trial literature comparing and combining psychological and pharmacologic interventions for chronically painful conditions, this article discusses two key challenges to future trials. The first section encourages investigators to systematically identify the parameters that limit or enhance the efficacy of pharmacologic, psychological, and combined treatments. Strategies for addressing adherence and drop-outs, identifying nonresponders and other subgroups, understanding the impact of selection factors, and delineating treatment characteristics need to be developed. The second challenge pertains to issues of trial design when pharmacologic and psychological treatments for pain are compared and combined. Trials comparing active treatments that are as diverse as psychological and pharmacologic treatments require specific features, such as large sample sizes, active placebo controls, both immediate and delayed outcome assessments, and broad measures of outcome that include health-care utilization and cost. Some lessons learned from the psychiatric literature comparing and combining psychological and pharmacologic treatments are integrated into recommendations for future trials evaluating existing and new treatments for chronically painful conditions.
“Fort Trump” and Its Significance for Contemporary Relations Between Russia and Poland

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper is devoted to the idea of establishing a U. S. military base in Poland, which was unofficially named Fort Trump. The initiative to create a military base came from Polish president Andrzej Duda but this idea caused mixed reactions from U. S. politics, experts and public figures. The implementation of the Fort Trump would pose grave risk to security and stability in Baltic Region and had violated the provisions of the Russia — NATO Founding Act. The Trump administration offered to sign an U. S. — Poland Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement instead of building Fort Trump. In accordance with this Agreement the U.S. military presence in Baltic Region are expanding substantially and cause of the deterioration in the Polish-Russian relations.
JAK selectivity for inflammatory bowel disease treatment: does it clinically matter?

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are chronic immune-mediated conditions characterised by an increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines that act as critical drivers of intestinal inflammation. Anti-cytokine therapy has been shown to improve clinical outcomes in IBD. Janus kinases (JAKs) are tyrosine kinases that bind different intracellular cytokine receptors, leading to phosphorylation of signal transducer and activation of transcription molecules implicated on targeted gene transcription. Four isoforms of JAKs have been described: JAK1, JAK2, JAK3 and TYK2. Oral JAK inhibitors (JAKi) have been developed as synergic anti-cytokine therapy in IBD, showing different selectivity towards JAK isoforms. Tofacitinib, a pan-JAK inhibitor, has been recently approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe UC. With the aim of improving the benefit: risk ratio of this drug class, several second-generation subtype-selective JAKi are under development. However, whether selective inhibition of JAK isoforms is associated with an increased clinical efficacy and/or a better safety profile remains debatable. The aim of this review is to critically review the preclinical and clinical data for the differential selectivity of JAK inhibitors and to summarise the potential clinical implications of the selective JAK inhibitors under development for UC and CD.
Experimental Research and Simulation on the Mechanical Performance Degradation of Corroded Stud Shear Connectors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Electrochemical accelerated corrosion and tensile tests were conducted on six series of 30 stud specimens in this study to assess the various mechanical properties in corroded stud connectors. The results indicate that there is a gradual decline in mechanical properties (e.g., yield strength, ultimate strength, and plasticity) as stud corrosion rate increases. Degradation equations for these parameters were established via fitting analysis on the test data. A Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman (GTN) constitutive model describing the tensile behavior of corroded studs was established based on mesodamage mechanics and finite element analysis. In the GTN model, the corrosion rate equals the original void volume fraction; the trial‐and‐error method was adopted to determine the relationship between the corrosion rate and material failure parameters. The finite element simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The GTN model accurately simulates the uniaxial tensile behavior of the corroded stud.
A Rb-81/Kr-81m Perfusion Generator

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A Rb-81/Kr-81m perfusion generator is under development at Medi-Physics, Inc. The generator consists of a glass column with a glass filter disc filled with approximately 200 mg wet cation exchange resin. The Rb-81 solution is loaded onto the column in a single pass with greater than 95% efficiency. The Kr-81m is eluted with greater than 85% efficiency in nonionic dextrose solution and administered I.V. Rubidium-81 washoff from the generator during elution varies with flow rate and total eluate volume, but remains less than 5 µCi per 100 cc eluate.