jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
CORRECTION OF APHAKIA WITH INTRAOCULAR LENS IMPLANTS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

40 cases of intraocular lens implants are reported. 33% had an optimal post‐operative vision of >1.0; 56% and ≥0.9 and 84% 0.5 or better. After a postoperative follow‐up of 1 month to 32 months, mean 15.1 months, the patients were all satisfied with the pseudophakc eye, and no endothelial corneal dystrophy, chronic uveitis or glaucoma was detected. Several minor post‐operative complications were seen, most without consequence. One case had recurrent iridial haemorrhages.
Diplomatic condolences: ideological positioning in the death of Yasser Arafat

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Yasser Arafat wasakey figure in the political life ofthelate20th and early 21st centuries. As Palestinian president, he was a central player in negotiations over the most contentious issue of the time: Middle East peace. But although his significance is unquestioned, his status is ambiguous: for some he was a freedom fighter, for others a terrorist. It is interesting, therefore, to observe the ways in which different world governments marked the death of Arafat in November 2004, in their official condolence messages. Using the tools of critical discourse analysis (CDA) and systemic functional linguistics (SFL), this article treats the diplomatic condolence message as a recognizable text type that has much to tell us about how governments signal and construct ideological positions and in doing so `enact' the international community.
Promising Rare-Earth-Doped, Electrospun, ZnO Nanofiber N-type Semiconductor for Betavoltaic Batteries

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Betavoltaic batteries, as a kind of ultimate battery, have attracted much attention. ZnO is a promising wide-bandgap semiconductor material that has great potential in solar cells, photodetectors, and photocatalysis. In this study, rare-earth (Ce, Sm, and Y)-doped ZnO nanofibers were synthesized using advanced electrospinning technology. The structure and properties of the synthesized materials were tested and analyzed. As betavoltaic battery energy conversion materials, the results show that rare-earth doping increases the UV absorbance and the specific surface area and slightly reduces the band gap. In terms of electrical performance, a deep UV (254 nm) and X-ray source (10 keV) were used to simulate a radioisotope β-source to evaluate the basic electrical properties. Among them, the output current density of Y-doped ZnO nanofibers can reach 87 nA·cm-2, which is 78% higher than that of traditional ZnO nanofibers, by deep UV. Besides, the photocurrent response of Y-doped ZnO nanofibers is superior to that of Ce-doped and Sm-doped ZnO nanofibers by soft X-ray. This study provides a basis for rare-earth-doped ZnO nanofibers as energy conversion devices used in betavoltaic isotope batteries.
Impersonalisation: the corruption of social care. Competing dimensions, personal perspectives and experiences of care

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper I argue that ‘personalisation’ is a rebranding policy that has had three effects: to disguise deep structural faults in the organisation, funding and practice of social care; to deceive the population into assuming (until they come to need it) that personalised social care exists, and to systematically undermine and destroy what remains of truly personal, relationship based care in communities. I give numerous examples of the ways in which care homes have been corrupted throughout the relentless privatisation, commercialisation and regulation of the last thirty years; I tell of my own experience of social care since the 1960s, and I give three accounts of people I know who have been able to find real and very personal care still surviving in their neighbourhoods.
The Therapeutic Frame

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract This chapter introduces the definition of the therapeutic frame and discusses challenges to maintain it. Topics covered include the in-person office versus the virtual office, and the office as a health care setting. Also discussed is how to manage attendance policies, including client no-shows, cancellations, or showing up late. Irregular attendance is addressed, as well as possible causes for it. Case examples illustrate therapeutic approaches to these problems. Suggestions are provided for tactful wording to address these therapeutic challenges. Issues regarding virtual sessions are addressed. Also, the chapter covers psychotherapist cancellations, vacations, and coverage in the therapist’s absence. Fee issues are discussed briefly.
Associations between Language LearnersSpiritual Intelligence, Foreign Language Attitude and Achievement Motivation: A Structural Equation Approach

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The present study examines the relationships between language learners` Spiritual Intelligence, Achievement Motivation and Foreign Language Attitude. The sample consists of 223 Iranian advanced English language learners. The data were collected by use of Spiritual Intelligence Self-report Inventory, Foreign Language Attitude Scale and Achievement Motivation Questionnaire. Two hypothetical models were proposed for mediation analysis by means of structural equation modeling. The results revealed that foreign language attitude mediates the causal correlations between Spiritual Intelligence and Achievement Motivation. For the second model, however, the intervening effect of Achievement Motivation on the causal paths from Spiritual Intelligence to Foreign Language Attitude was not supported based on the analysis of effects. The results provide new insights and can pave the way for further investigation of the associations between Spiritual Intelligence and other individual differences of language learners.
Branching Processes: Variation, Growth, and Extinction of Populations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Biology takes a special place among the other natural sciences because biological units, be they pieces of DNA, cells, or organisms, reproduce more or less faithfully. Like any other biological process, reproduction has a large random component. The theory of branching processes was developed especially as a mathematical counterpart to this most fundamental of biological processes. This active and rich research area allows us to determine extinction risks and predict the development of population composition, and also uncover aspects of a population's history from its current genetic composition. Branching processes play an increasingly important role in models of genetics, molecular biology, microbiology, ecology, and evolutionary theory. This book presents this body of mathematical ideas for a biological audience, but should also be enjoyable to mathematicians, if only for its rich stock of rich biological examples. It can be read by anyone with a basic command of calculus, matrix algebra, and probability theory. More advanced results from basic probability theory are treated in a special appendix.
Extended X-ray absorption fine-structure studies of 3d ions in YBa2(Cu1-xMx)3O7- delta(x<or=0.10; M identical to Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Zn)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

EXAFS measurements on 3d ions in samples of nominal composition YBa2(Cu1-xMx)3O7-delta (x less-than-or-equal-to 0.10; M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Zn) were made in fluorescence mode using the synchrotron radiation source at Daresbury Laboratory. The standard Daresbury packages including the EXCURV90 program were used to identify the dopant site occupancy and to evaluate the coordination number and bond lengths. It is found, perhaps for the first time, that the Mn2+ ion occupies the Cu(1) chain site in the 1:2:3 lattice. The occupancy of the Cu(1) site by Fe and Co dopants is confirmed. Ni ions are distributed nearly equally between Cu(1) chain and Cu(2) plane sites. For x > 0.03, some of the Ni separates out as NiO and the maximum Ni content in the 1:2:3 compound has been estimated to be 4 +/- 1 at.%. No useful data could be obtained for Zn dopant owing to interference from the adjacent Cu K edge in the 1:2:3 compound. An attempt has been made to interpret the observed drop in T(c) due to substitution on the basis of EXAFS findings.
DAPAGLIFLOZIN MODULATES ADROPIN SERUM LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND CHRONIC HEART FAILURE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To investigate an effect of sodium glucose linked transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor dapagliflosin on the levels of adropin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with chronic heart failure (HF). Design and method: The study is open label multicenter (private hospital Vita-Centre, Zaporozhye, Ukraine, EliteMedService, Zaporozhye, Ukraine and City Hospital #7, Zaporozhye, Ukraine) non-randomized cohort investigation. We prospectively enrolled 417 patients with T2DM and HF from entire cohort of 612 T2DM pa-tients. The eligible patients were treated with guided-recommended HF therapy de-pending on HF phenotypes, which included SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in a dose of 10 mg OD orally along with angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) / ACE inhibitors / angiotensin-II receptor blockers (ARBs), mineralocorticoid receptor antag-onist (MRA), beta-blockers. Anthropometrics, clinical data, Echocardiography / Doppler examinations and biomarkers assessments were performed at the baseline and over 6-month interval. Results: Over 6-month period after initial prescription of SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin the levels of adropin in entire group demonstrated a significant growth up to 26.6% (from 237.4 [25%-75% IQR = 190.50–275.30] ng/mL to 300.2 [25%-75% IQR = 267.80–335.70] ng/mL, P = 0.04). In female subgroup, an increase in circulating level of adropin was sufficiently higher (from 269.5 [25%-75% IQR = 231.20–299.20] ng/mL to 365.2 [25%-75% IQR = 340.10–388.60] ng/mL, P = 0.01), when com-pared with male subgroup (from 211.2 [25%-75% IQR = 190.40–237.50] ng/mL to 259.6 [25%-75% IQR = 206.50–321.40] ng/mL, P = 0.16). Multivariate logistic regression analysis of entire group showed that relative changes of left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF), left atrial volume index (LAVI), and E/e` were significantly associated with increased adropin levels. In fe-male subgroup, but not in male subgroup, relative changes of LVEF (P = 0.046), LAVI (P = 0.001) and E/e` (P = 0.001) exhibited their independent predictive values for adropin changes. Conclusions: The levels of adropin seem to be a predictor for favorable modification of hemodynamic perfor-mances that is independent from N-terminal brain natriuretic pro-peptide.
Effects of variation in seed sources and pre-sowing treatments on seed germination of Tamarindus indica： a multi-purpose tree species in Bangladesh

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

我们调查了 Tamarindus indica 种子的形态学和萌芽以便在萌芽上在种子来源和预先播种的处理发现变化的效果。实验在林地和伍德技术纪律的托儿所被执行， Khulna 大学，孟加拉国。种子在孟加拉国从各种各样的地点从不同却健康的树被收集并且使处理遭到了到四预先播种，即，控制，冷水里的沉浸(4 吗？
Impelementation and assessment of social and health local partnerships for integrated care in Catalonia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Integrated health and social care is emerging as a trending area of interest in the governmental policy agenda in Europe.Most governments are facing great challenge to overcome barriers to facilitate Integrated Care between health and social services.Integrated care has been in the health policy agenda but new challenges should be coped regarding the incorporation of social services, especially for the persons with complex chronic condition with health and social needs.Although this integration improves both health and social care systems, it is a difficult task to get both groups to work together due to different factors.Early this year, the Government of Catalonia issued a new Integrated Health and Social Care Plan to promote, lead and participate in the transformation of the social and health care model to achieve person-centred full integrated care and so to deliver holistic care to high-cost, high-need citizens in order to help to lower costs, enhance quality of care, and improve outcomes.During this session it will be shortly presented the journey from the Chronic Condition Prevention and Care Program to the new Integrated Health and Social Care Plan in Catalonia, but it's going to be focused specifically on the implementation strategy through Local Partnerships.9 of this Local Partnerships Implementation Projects have been assessed by the Catalan Agency for Quality in Health and Assessment so we can present and discuss the results of this evaluation about: -Structure and functioning of experiences identified that include a collaborative model (mainly: social services and primary care services).-Barriers and facilitators of collaborative models.-Perceived benefits and expected results and areas for improvement.-Propose a conceptual model of assessment and possible common pool of indicators
On the value of Burmese amber for understanding insect evolution: Insights from †Heterobathmilla– an exceptional stem group genus of Strepsiptera (Insecta)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Burmese amber and amber from other periods and regions became a rich source of new extinct insect species and yielded important insights in insect evolution in the dimension of time. Amber fossils have contributed to the understanding of the phylogeny, biology, and biogeography of insects and other groups, and have also gained great importance for dating molecular trees. Another major potential is the documentation of faunal, floral and climatic shifts. Evolutionary transitions can be well‐documented in amber fossils and can reveal anatomical transformations and the age of appearance of structural features. Here, using a new stem group species of Strepsiptera from Burmite, we evaluate this potential of amber insect fossils to assess the current phylogeny of Strepsiptera, with the main emphasis on the early splitting events in the stem group. Amber fossils have greatly contributed to the understanding of the evolution of Strepsiptera in the late Mesozoic and the Cenozoic. † Heterobathmilla kakopoios Pohl and Beutel gen. et sp. n. described here is placed in the stem group of the order, in a clade with † Kinzelbachilla (†Kinzelbachillidae) and † Phthanoxenos (†Phthanoxenidae). †Phthanoxenidae has priority over †Kinzelbachillidae, and the latter is synonymised. The superb details available from this new fossil allowed us to explore unique features of the antennae, mouthparts, and male copulatory apparatus, and to provide a phylogenetic hypothesis for the order. The younger † Protoxenos from Eocene Baltic amber was confirmed as sister to all remaining extinct and extant groups of Strepsiptera, whereas the position of the Cretaceous † Cretostylops in the stem group remains ambivalent. While the value of Burmite and amber from other periods has a recognized impact on our knowledge of the evolution in various lineages, this new fossil does not fundamentally change our picture of the phylogeny and evolution of early Strepsiptera. However, it offers new insights into the morphological diversity in the early evolution of the group.
Clinical Performance and Biocompatibility of Novel Hyaluronan-Based Heparin-Bonded Extracorporeal Circuits

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We tested documented in vitro and ex vivo advantages of novel hyaluronan based heparin bonded extracorporeal circuits in a prospective randomized study. During the period from June until September 2005, 40 patients undergoing reoperation for coronary artery bypass grafting were allocated into two equal groups ( n = 20): Group 1 was treated with hyaluronan-based heparin-bonded circuits and group 2 was treated with uncoated control circuits. Complete blood count, fibrinogen, albumin, C3a, interleukin-2 levels, and thromboelastographic data were documented after induction of anesthesia (T1) and heparin administration before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) (T2), 15 minutes after initiation of CPB (T3), before cessation of CPB (T4), 15 minutes after reversal with protamine (T5), and the first postoperative day at 8:00 a.m. (T6). Hollow fibers were collected for consecutive biomaterial analysis by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Desorbed protein deposition on fibers was compared by spectrophotometry. Leukocyte counts were lower in T4-T6 in group 1 ( p < .05). Platelet counts demonstrated significant differences at T4 and T5 in coated group ( p < .05). Albumin and fibrinogen levels were better preserved in Group 1 at T4, T5 and T4, T6, consecutively ( p < .05). C3a and IL-2 levels were lower at T3-T5 and T4-T5 in intervention group ( p < .05). Postoperative hemorrhage was 412 ± 50 mL in group 1 and 684 ± 50 ml in group 2 ( p < .05). Respiratory support time was shorter in group 1 versus control ( p < .05). Platelet adhesion was significantly lower in intervention group. Amount of desorbed protein was 1.44 ± 0.01 mg/dL in group 1 and 1.94 ± 0.01 mg/dL in control ( p < .05). SEM and spectrophotometry demonstrated better surface preservation in the hyaluronan coated group. Novel hyaluronan-based heparin-bonded circuits reduce platelet adhesion-aggregation and protein adsorption and provide better perioperative clinical parameters through platelet, albumin, and fibrinogen-sparing effects.
Network topology and patch connectivity affect dynamics in experimental and model metapopulations

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Biological populations are rarely isolated in space and instead interact with others via dispersal in metapopulations. Theory predicts that network connectivity patterns can have critical effects on network robustness, as certain topologies, such as scale-free networks, are more tolerant to disturbances than other patterns. However, at present, experimental evidence of how these topologies affect population dynamics in a metapopulation framework is lacking. We used experimental metapopulations of the aquatic protist Paramecium tetraurelia to determine how network topology influences occupation patterns. We created metapopulations engineered to be comparable in linkage density, but differing in their degree distribution. We compared random networks to scale-free networks by evaluating local population occupancy and abundance throughout 18-30 protist generations. In parallel, we used simulations to explore differences in patch occupation patterns among topologies. Under one scenario, random metapopulations of P. tetraurelia reached higher abundance and higher occupancy (proportion of occupied patches) compared to scale-free systems in both experimental and simulated systems, while in the other both types of metapopulations performed similarly. Increasing patch degree (i.e., number of connections per patch) reduced the probability of extinction of local populations in both types of networks. We suggest the interaction between colonization/extinction rates and network topology alters the likelihood of rescue effects which results in differential patterns of occupancy and abundance in metapopulations.
The inside story of living with chronic intractable nonmalignant back pain: An autoethnography

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to uncover and understand the reality of living with chronic, intractable nonmalignant back pain, as it is understood by sufferers themselves. A narrative autoethnographic research design was chosen, enabling me to interact with participants during the interview process, as well as have the opportunity to further explore my own experiences, as a long time sufferer of chronic, intractable nonmalignant back pain. Thematic analysis of participant interviews, and a deep, introspective scrutiny of my own journey, resulted in four stories being written. These stories illustrate the startlingly similar experiences we share. Although each story is written around one central character, they are in fact composite characters, representing the participants' experiences as well as my own. The stories are: 'The merry-go-round: Searching for a cure', describing the endless visits to various specialists, in search of the elusive 'cure'. 'Mourning the loss', illustrating the grief-like process we must go through when it becomes apparent that a cure is not possible and pain will be with us for the rest of our lives. 'Walk a mile in my shoes', giving a snapshot of issues facing us in our daily lives, and 'Here we go again', a description of a 'typical' pain management hospital stay. A fifth story, 'We're not in Kansas anymore', was added following a bizarre emergency admission I was forced to endure during the course of my research. It is therefore a story where I am the central character. These stories illustrate the impact chronic back pain has on a sufferer's life, ranging from loss of mobility to an altered body image. They also illustrate the struggle to maintain normality, including masking the pain and facing labelling and stigma.;These stories identify and demonstrate the often hidden aspects of chronic intractable back pain, and have the power to inform practicing nurses, students, teachers and the community of the 'lived experience'.
Effect of Different Types of Fly Ash on Properties of Asphalt Mixtures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to preserve natural resources, the use of waste and alternative materials in the construction and maintenance of roads is increasingly investigated. This paper presents the results of testing wearing course asphalt mixtures (AC 11s SURF 50/70) made with various percentages of fly ash, used as a partial or complete substitute for mineral filler. The properties of fly ash were determined to assess their suitability for use in asphalt mixtures. The experimental research was performed on asphalt samples containing fly ash from three different sources, with 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of mineral filler substitution. The control mixture was prepared with 100% of mineral filler. The paper presents the volumetric composition, stability, and flow of asphalt mixtures tested on standard Marshall’s samples, water sensitivity, and resistance to permanent deformation. The results of this study indicate that a satisfactory volumetric composition can be achieved by adding fly ash, while the bulk density and voids of the mineral and asphalt mixture generally depend on the type of fly ash and its content. The stability and flow of mixtures with fly ash are favourable compared with the control mixture. The water sensitivity of mixtures with fly ash is generally lower compared with the control mixture and depends on the type and percentage of fly ash. The resistance to permanent deformation of the asphalt mixtures depends on the fly ash type and percentage. The results obtained in this study are an important step towards broader implementation of fly ash in asphalt mixtures.
Social Class and Cardiovascular Disease: The Contribution of Work

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This chapter reviews the evidence and implications of the social class distribution of cardiovascular disease, and establishes the findings on work characteristics and cardiovascular diseases in the context of other psychosocial factors and other biomedical risk factors for cardiovascular disease. One of the dominant features of the epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases is their relation to social class. To concentrate only on individual characteristics ignores the powerful social influences that are reflected in social class differences in disease rates. Assuming that a relationship exists, the strength of the association between social class and Coronary Heart Disease will depend on both the validity and the precision of the social class measurement. Psychosocial characteristics such as working conditions may be in part responsible for the higher cardiovascular risk in lower social classes, because they may influence established risk factors or act via other, neuroendocrinal pathways.