jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Said and the Unsaid: Processing of Idioms by People with and Without Brain Damage

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This paper examines the abilities of a group of individuals with and without brain damage to process idioms. The investigation consisted of a survey and a specially devised assessment. Ten idioms were selected from the survey, five of which could be interpreted in both a literal and a non-literal sense; the other five could only be interpreted in a non-literal sense. The assessment consisted of definition, multiple-choice, and collocation tasks. Both brain damaged and non-brain damaged groups experienced difficulties with some of the tasks. All subjects were most accurate on the collocation task, followed by the multiple-choice task, and then followed by the definition task. Both found it significantly easier to process the idioms that could only be interpreted in a non-literal sense. This suggests a possibility that these types of idioms carry a lighter cognitive load, because there is no question as to whether the intended meaning is literal or non-literal. The implications of these findings for clinical practice are discussed.
Influence of sex hormones on parathion toxicity in rats: Antiacetylcholinesterase activity of parathion and paraoxon in plasma, erythrocytes, and brain

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Administration of parathion resulted in a greater inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of plasma, erythrocytes, and brain in female rats than in male rats. No sex-related difference was observed in the antiacetylcholinesterase activity of paraoxon, an active metabolite of parathion. Gonadectomy increased the susceptibility of males but had no perceptible effect on females, resulting in comparable inhibition of AChE by parathion in both sexes. Administration of testosterone led to recovery from increased sensitivity to the antiacetylcholinesterase activity of parathion in castrated males and afforded partial protection to ovariectomized females. On the other hand, administration of estradiol further enhanced the enzyme inhibition by parathion in castrated males but had no significant effect on that in ovariectomized females. Alterations in the status of sex hormones did not affect the antiacetylcholinesterase activity of paraoxon in plasma and erythrocytes. However, inhibition of AChE activity by paraoxon was significantly higher in brains of gonadectomized rats than those of normal rats and the effect was reversible on administration of the respective sex hormones. The results indicate that testosterone plays an important role in determining parathion toxicity (as reflected by its antiacetylcholinesterase activity), probably by activating the oxidative cleavage of the insecticide into nontoxic metabolites.
Are Federal Dollars Bearing Fruit?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study considers 4 years of national College Assistance Migrant Program (CAMP) data from programs located across the United States. Findings reveal that 81% of the migrant college students served by CAMP continue to study a 2nd year. Researchers found that the success of high-achieving programs can overshadow less effective ones and, thus, recommend that future program reviews be concerned with the whole as well as the parts. The development of program evaluation criteria is recommended.
Development of Student Worksheets with PhET Based on PjBL Model in Physics Learning to Improve High School Students' Scientific Creativity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Scientific creativity is an important thing that every individual must have to answer the challenges of the 21st century. However, in reality, the results of physics research show that the science abilities of Indonesian students are still relatively low, especially in the fields of creativity and innovation. This study aims to produce project-based student worksheet (LKPD) integrated with valid and reliable PhET. This study uses the research and development (RD) method with a 4D development model, which consists of four stages, namely definition, design, development, and dissemination. The instruments in the study used to collect data were validation sheets and student response questionnaire sheets. The results showed that the LKPD integration of PhET obtained an average validity score of 3.95 and a reliability level of 96.25%, including in the very valid and reliable category. The results of the student response questionnaire showed that 93% responded in the very positive category. The conclusion is that this LKPD integration of PhET is proven to be valid and reliable so that it can be an effective learning material for learning physics on global warming and climate change. This study contributes to the development of innovative and relevant learning media to improve the quality of students' physics learning. The limitations of this study have limitations on the application of the 4D model, which only covers the development and Validation stages. Therefore, the implementation of LKPD in the field is needed to improve the scientific creativity of high school students
Fluorescence polarization immunoassay for ethosuximide evaluated and compared with two other immunoassay techniques.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract We evaluated a new fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) for ethosuximide in the Abbott TDx and compared results with those by two other ethosuximide immunoassays, EMIT (Syva Co.) and aca (DuPont). The FPIA assay produced within- and between-day CVs of less than 5% at the low, medium, and high ranges of the standard curve. For the ethosuximide FPIA assay the standard curve was stable during the 47 days of the study. By all three methods, we analyzed 100 serum and plasma samples from patients who were receiving ethosuximide. The coefficient of determination (r2) for TDx versus EMIT was 0.973 (slope, 0.96; intercept, -0.80); for TDx vs aca it was 0.985 (slope, 1.00; intercept, -2.44); both relationships were statistically significant (p less than 0.05). Values for patient's specimens were significantly lower by the TDx than by the aca or EMIT methods (p less than 0.05).
DHX9 interacts with APOBEC3B and attenuates the anti-HBV effect of APOBEC3B

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a partially double-stranded DNA virus that replicates by reverse transcription. We previously demonstrated that the host restriction factor-APOBEC3B (A3B) inhibited HBV replication which was dependent on its deaminase activity during reverse transcription. However, the host factors involved in the process of regulating the anti-HBV function of A3B are less known. In this research, to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the interaction networks of A3B, we conducted coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry to identify A3B-interacting proteins in the presence of HBV. By this approach, we determined that DExD/H-box helicase 9 (DHX9) suppressed the anti-HBV effect of A3B, and this suppression was dependent on their interaction. Although DHX9 did not affect the deamination activity of A3B in vitro assay or the viral DNA editing of A3B in HepG2-NTCP cells that support HBV infection, it inhibited the binding of A3B with pgRNA. These data suggest that DHX9 can interact with A3B and attenuate the anti-HBV efficacy of A3B. Abbreviations: 3D-PCR: differential DNA denaturation PCR; APOBEC3: apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic polypeptide 3; cccDNA: covalently closed circular DNA; co-IP: coimmunoprecipitation; DDX: DExD-box RNA helicases; HBc: HBV core protein; HBV: hepatitis B virus; HepAD38: HepG2 cell line stably transfected with HBV DNA; HepG2-NTCP: HepG2 cell line stably transfected with Na+/taurocholate cotransporter polypeptide; Huh7: human hepatoma cell line; pgRNA: pregenomic RNA; PPI: protein–protein interactions; RC DNA: relaxed circular DNA.
Motive8! Feasibility of a Text Messaging Intervention to Promote Physical Activity in Knee Osteoarthritis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aim: To develop and test the feasibility of using a SMS text messaging intervention to promote physical activity in patients with knee OA.

Methods: 27 people (6 male, 21 female; aged 25-81 years) with knee osteoarthritis received 4 text messages per week, for 6 weeks. Telephone surveys were conducted at baseline and 6 weeks to measure physical activity levels and beliefs, including self-efficacy for exercise, barriers and benefits of exercise, social support and pain. Participants completed physical activity diaries. Process evaluation included participant perceptions of the intervention and 'real-time' data on intervention fidelity (automated collection of delivery and response data) and participant engagement (text response).

Results: 648 messages were sent, 100% were accurately delivered. From baseline to 6 weeks, physical activity, self-efficacy for exercise, perceived benefits of exercise and social support significantly increased; reductions were observed in barriers to exercise and pain. Participants engaged with the intervention; 100% read the messages, 89% responded to texts requesting replies, 64% completed physical activity diaries with low attenuation (1.8% drop) by six weeks. Participants perceived messaging to be enjoyable (96%), personally relevant (85%), of appropriate frequency (100%) and duration (88%). Mobile phones, email and web were perceived to be most acceptable for health promotion compared with other forms of technology.

Conclusions: People with knee osteoarthritis can engage meaningfully with an interactive mobile phone messaging intervention over a six-week period. Health communications promoting physical activity demonstrate potential for behaviour change and positive implications for perceptions of exercise and pain; this needs to be tested in a randomised trial. Data collected in 'real-time' can be used for process evaluation to demonstrate participant engagement and intervention fidelity.
Long-term CO2 Emission Reduction from Renewable Energy in Power Sector: The case of Thailand in 2050

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents CO2 mitigation potential in the power sector of Thailand regarding to the Power Development Plan (PDP 2015) and Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP 2015). Renewable energy and advanced technology have the potential to play an important role in providing clean energy. The Long-range Energy Alternative Planning (LEAP) model is used to analyze future electricity demand, fuel consumption and CO2 emissions reduction in the long term planning during 2010-2050. Regarding to those plans, implementations of renewable energy and advanced technology are proposed for mitigation options. The mitigation scenarios offer sustainable potential of renewable technologies and advanced technologies such as solar, wind, biomass, nuclear, hydropower, hydrogen fuel cell, tidal, geothermal and fossil-fuel power plants with carbon capture storage (CCS). Four mitigation scenarios are modeled along with the BAU scenario. The Mitigation 1 (MIT01) scenario is the base-case mitigation scenario based on the target of PDP2015, which target of renewable energy is 19,634 MW in 2036. In the Mitigation 2 (MIT02) scenario, the technologies in the MIT01 plus new technologies such as hydrogen fuel cell, tidal and geothermal are implemented. Clean fossil fuel technologies with CCS, for example natural gas and coal technologies, are applied in the Mitigation 3 (MIT03) scenario. In the Mitigation 4 (MIT04) scenario as the peak CO2 scenario. Results show that, in the BAU scenario, electricity demand and CO2 emissions from the power sector will increase to 52,770 ktoe and 345,959 kt-CO2eq, respectively in 2050. By adopting mitigation options, total CO2 emissions in 2050 can be mitigated by 69.66% in MIT04, following by 50.83% in MIT02, 47.22% in MIT03, and 41.71% in MIT01 when compared to the BAU scenario. Moreover, regarding to the MIT04, Thailand can meet its peak CO2 emission by 2036.
NOKS: A Searchable Cultural and Historical Database from Denmark: An ALM Project (Archive‐Library‐Museum)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Purpose The aim is to describe and discuss a searchable database on the internet that gives the possibility of searching simultaneously in the collections of three different types of heritage institutions, archives, libraries and museums. Design/methodology/approach Provides a description of the setting up of OKS in Denmark, a project which started in 2001. Findings The first edition of the database includes the digital catalogue records of these institutions, with 115,000 records, 8,000 of them with photos attached and including items such as printed material, books, leaflets, articles, newspapers and clippings, archives, sound records, films, videos, museum artefacts, among other elements. The records from the different institutions have been collected from the special databases of the three types of institutions and imported into one common database freely available on the internet. At the same time the creation of NOKS has shown the importance of developing standards in the field of cultural history. Practical implications A new update is now in progress with several improvements and alterations, the most important being the decision to use Dublin Core as the basic structure. Originality/value This article is a useful report of a project of interest to information management professionals and others interested or involved with cultural history.
IDENTIFICATION AND DIAGNOSTICS OF THE ECOLO-ECONOMIC RISKS OF URBANIZED TERRITORIES

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The article is devoted to the study of concepts, characteristics and factors for the formation of environmental and economic risks of the environment in urban areas. Reviews the sources and subjects of the ecological and economic risks, as well as the structure of socio-economic relations in the process of formation of ecological-economic risks. An algorithm for the quantitative assessment of the level and activities on the management of ecologo-economic risk of urbanized territories.
The effect of a standardized motivation protocol on speed of recognition training

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

There continues to be much debate about the efficacy of vision therapy. Some practitioners claim VT is the best treatment option for a host of visual conditions while others maintain it is a waste of time. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether motivation may play a role in this discrepancy. A standardized motivation protocol was developed and applied to an experimental group of 26 first-year optometry and undergraduate psychology students during a speed of recognition training session. Performance on a near tachistocopic task was measured before and after the training session and compared to a group of 24 control subjects. Results showed no significant between-group differences. Subjects' perceived motivation and the level of confidence they placed in the experimenter were determined with an exit questionnaire. Results showed significant between-group differences on each question, suggesting the value of applying a motivation regimen to the optometry patient.
THE INFLUENCE OF MONEY ATTITUDE ON FINANCIAL WELL-BEING ON MARRIED WORKERS

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused several changes in various sectors of life. The most noticeable change is in economic conditions. In the current post-pandemic situations, people have also changed their perception about the concept of financial well-being. According to several studies, financial well-being is influenced by several factors, one of them is money attitude. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of money attitude on financial well-being on married workers. The sample of this study were 70 married workers in the Greater Jakarta area. Sampling using nonprobability sampling technique with purposive sampling method. This study uses the Money Attitude Scale and the Financial Well Being Scale as data collection tools. Based on the simultaneous data analysis, a significance value of .000 (p-value < .05) was obtained, which means that all of the money attitude dimensions were influential on financial well-being. Based on the partial data analysis, the dimensions of retention-time and distrust were significantly influenced, while the dimensions of power-prestige and anxiety were insignificantly influenced. Additionally, there was a financial well-being difference based on income and occupation.
Nephrocalcinosis: another cause of renal erythrocytosis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the distribution of widespread pain, tenderpoints (TP), and fibromyalgia (FM) in young African American (AA) and Caucasian (C) women. METHODS: A community population of 1334 young (21-26 yrs old) women (684 AA and 650 C) was surveyed and classified for body pain spread [chronic widespread pain (CWP), axial regional chronic pain (RCP), nonaxial RCP, or no pain]. Of these women, 553 were examined for TP based on American College of Rheumatology criteria. RESULTS: Overall, 5.6% reported CWP, while 22% reported axial RCP, and 16% reported nonaxial RCP. From the CWP group, 57% were confirmed as FM cases. C women had significantly more TP and greater TP pain score than AA women (p <or= 0.005). Overall FM prevalence was 2.4% (95% confidence interval: 1.7-3.5%), with 3.0% in AA and 2.0% in C women. Increase in body pain and tenderness was significantly associated with decreased subjective socioeconomic status (SSS), worse self-reported health, greater impact of premenstrual symptoms on activities, and greater depressive symptoms. The effect of depressive symptoms on pain differed by race. CONCLUSIONS: Widespread pain and tenderness is highly prevalent in these young women. Racial differences seem to exist; C women had significantly increased tenderness while AA women had more widespread pain. The association of depressive symptoms and pain was stronger in AA women. Racial differences emerged relatively early in these young women.
Leptoxyphium axillatum . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract A description is provided for Leptoxyphium axillatum . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Leptoxyphium axillatum is a typical component of sooty moulds on a wide host range. It is therefore associated with scale insect attack and honey-dew, but it is not a real disease. It may be found with other related sooty moulds species like Microxyphium spp. ( Polychaeton sensu HUGHES, 1976). HOSTS: Associated with many different fungi (including Capnodendron trichomericola, Chaetasbolisia microglobulosa, Microxyphium columnatum, Microxyphium sp., Nigrospora sphaerica, Penicillium sp., Phragmocapnias betle, Podoxyphium sp., Tetraploa aristata, Trichomerium grandisporum, Tripospermum roupalae ) on the following plants: Catalpa cordifolia, Kigelia pinnata ( Bignoniaceae ), Argyreia speciosa ( Convolvulaceae ), Panicum maximum, Saccharum sp., Zea mays ( Gramineae ), Hibiscus elatus, H. rosa-sinensis ( Malvaceae ), Calyptranthes sp. ( Myrtaceae ), Coccothrinax yuraguana, Coccothrinax sp. ( Palmae ), Balsamocitrus paniculata, Citrus aurantium, C. limon, C. paradisi, Citrus sp. ( Rutaceae ), Tectona grandis ( Verbenaceae ), Microcycas calocoma ( Zamiaceae ). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NORTH AMERICA: USA (BATISTA & CIFERRI, 1963). Central America: Cuba (RODRÍGUEZ, 1985). SOUTH AMERICA: Brazil. Asia: India, Japan, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam (HUGHES, 1976). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne conidia.
Bayesian analysis of a sensitive proportion for a small area

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

When respondents are asked to answer sensitive questions, they are more likely to response untruthfully as they hesitate to expose their identity. Warner (1965) proposed a randomized design that uses a randomization device that is designed to conceal individual response and protect the respondent privacy, to reduce the response bias that can be generated through this. After that, numerous survey designs to reduce the response bias were proposed, and various estimation and simulation methods were studied from the Bayesian perspective. This study proposes an analysis method that has taken account of small-area to minimize the posterior standard deviation of sensitive proportions in a survey with sensitive questions. Then it compares the results between the individual model and the small-area model through the simulation. In addition, this study applies the two models which has and has not considered the small-area to the actual survey with sensitive questionnaires related to the organizational commitment to the experienced employees. This study confirms the results based on real data.
From Deconstruction to Reconstruction: Indian and Nigerian Nationalism and Colonial Encounter in Comparative Perspective

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article converses how the culture and history of the Indians and Nigerians were mutilated by the colonists by creating the adverse stereotypes of the indigenous people as uncivilized whose history and societal ideals were annulled as mock and vicious that required the instructive mediation of the Europeans and, correspondingly how the dramatists of the two said countries interrupt and oust overriding and tyrannical European data. I have explored in the article through which technique the biculturalism in Rabindranath Tagore and Wole Soyinka's temperament and background enabled them both to develop a style of syncretic dramaturgy for the cultural relations that imperialism created in their nations. Primarily expert in abilities that empowered them to accomplish noteworthy functions in the lives of their countries, together Tagore and Soyinka was particularly ingrained in their specific cultures. Though the authors did not discard the past, they did not urge a return to it.
The Constitutionalization of International Law and the Challenge of Non-State Actors

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The article examines how international constitutionalism has come to grips with the phenomenon of informal law-making by non-State actors. The article identifies two opposing trends within the constitutionalist camp in relation to the question of actor informality. The first strand argues that all normative utterances should be presumed to give rise to law, irrespective of authorship (‘presumptive law thesis’). The presumptive law thesis is discussed and rejected on the ground that it rests on a model of participation in decision-making that dramatically departs from the existing one. The article continues by exploring the second strand of constitutionalism, which advocates in favour of retaining the distinction between direct and indirect participation in international decision-making (’the formal/informal participation model’). It is argued that, while this strand of constitutionalism is convincing at the descriptive level, it does not really add much to our existing knowledge. The last part of the article addresses the meta-question of the added value of analysing the phenomenon of actor informality through the lens of constitutionalism. It is argued that, despite its shortcomings, the constitutionalist project bravely attempts to frame the inherently political debate on global governance in legal terms, thereby attesting to the continuing relevance of international law as a regulatory mechanism in modern international relations.