jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SEVERE CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019: FROM PATHOGENESIS TO THERAPY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has been a challenge to propose efficient therapies. Because severe SARS-CoV2 infection is a viral sepsis eventually followed by an immunological autoinflammatory phenomenon, many approaches have been inspired by the previous attempts made in bacterial sepsis, while specific antiviral strategies (use of interferon or specific drugs) have been additionally investigated. We summarize our current thinking on the use of SARS-CoV-2 antivirals, corticosteroids, anti–IL-1, anti-IL-6, anti-C5a, as well as stem cell therapy in severe COVID-19. Patient stratification and appropriate time window will be important to be defined to guide successful treatment.
Inhibition of Ca(2+)-ATPase of vascular smooth muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum by reactive oxygen intermediates

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Effects of reactive oxygen intermediates generated by hypoxanthine plus xanthine oxidase on the Ca(2+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) of sarcoplasmic reticulum from bovine aortic smooth muscle were studied. Exogenous hypoxanthine (0.1-100 microM) plus xanthine oxidase (10 mU/ml) produced an hypoxanthine concentration-dependent inhibition of the Ca(2+)-ATPase. The inhibition could be completely blocked by superoxide dismutase (100 U/ml) but not by either mannitol (20 mM) or deferoxamine (100 microM). Direct addition of hydrogen peroxide in the micromolar range did not cause significant inhibition. These results suggest that superoxide is the primary damaging species. Cysteine blocked this inhibition, suggesting possible involvement of sulfhydryl groups in the inhibition mechanism. Additionally, 1.16 +/- 0.17 mU/g wet wt of xanthine oxidase activity was detected in the postnuclear supernatant of bovine aortic smooth muscle, suggesting the existence of a possible intracellular source of superoxide. This value was calculated to be approximately 5 mU/ml by using a usual value of vascular smooth muscle cellular volume. Thus the level of endogenous xanthine oxidase in vascular smooth muscle is comparable with the level of exogenous xanthine oxidase used in the present study. These findings suggest a potential role of xanthine oxidase-generated superoxide in oxidative damage to vascular smooth muscle during a number of pathophysiological conditions.
Study on short time dynamics of liquid droplet spreading on smooth and coated surface

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Aqueous sodium chloride solution is used as the droplet to study the regimes of low viscosity liquid spreading on a smooth surface. Liquid spreading has been studied extensively using high-speed imaging to measure the spreading radius. Literature review was done on the theories behind liquid spreading, obstacles faced by other researchers when performing high-speed imaging, the scaling of spreading radius with time and the effects of varying other parameters such as viscosity, surface wettability and drop size. The review was also done to find inspiration to innovate the experimental method in measuring radius of spread as well as to improve the collection experimental data. Besides the conventional combination of bottom and side high-speed imaging method, an electrical approach is introduced for this experiment to improve the experimental results produced by the optical method up to four decades faster in term of time measurement. The spreading radius of the droplet is found by connecting the spreading region to a Wheatstone bridge circuit where the unknown impedance of the experimental region is measured and converted to radius with regards to time. The results are then combined with that of optical method to show that both methods can complement each other. The spreading is observed to start in a viscous regime before transition to an inertial regime, which also shows that this new approach in studying the liquid spreading on a smooth substrate is viable. In addition, the initial spreading pattern is observed to be comparable to coalescence of two droplets of the same solution in air.
Marrying VLANs and VXLANs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This chapter discusses Layer 2 bridging as a solution to allow virtual machines on a Logical Switch to extend their subnet beyond NSX and into the physical network. The virtual eXtensible LANs (VXLANs) allow us to extend a Logical Switch, a Layer 2 domain, across the entire virtual environment regardless of any Layer 3 boundaries in the physical environment. Since a Layer 2 Bridge involves a Distributed Virtual Port Group, a Distributed Logical Router, and a vSphere Distributed Switch, it may be unclear as to where the L2 Bridge itself is located. Built into NSX is the ability to bridge a Logical Switch with a VLAN-backed distributed port group. This is software bridging, linking the two within the kernel of an ESXi host. The third-party vendor's physical switch has been modified so that it can be used as a VXLAN Tunnel Endpoint, creating a direct connection from virtual to physical.
Improved Sequence Predictions using Knowledge Graph Embedding for Large Language Models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Large Language Models (LLM) have gained huge popularity recently due to their problem-solving capability in multiple domains. Technically LLMs can be considered a critical mixture of huge amounts of training data, smart and exhaustive prompt engineering, and word prediction models along with Reinforcement and Supervised learning mechanisms. Word prediction models are at the core of any Large Language Model. The latest word prediction techniques are sequential and transformer models. Transformers have overcome most of the drawbacks of sequential models with similar embedding knowledge. The literature survey shows little to no improvement in the embedding techniques. In this paper, we examined the existing word prediction models by replacing embedding models with an auto-engineered Knowledge Graph Embedding. This auto-engineered data representation shows drastic improvements in prediction quality. This mechanism also accelerates the prediction by providing more context information to the models with respect to the general embedding mechanism. Standard evaluation strategies are used to compare the model behavior.
The electoral behavior of American Catholics: An examination and explanation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Current conventional wisdom holds that the long relationship between American Catholics and the Democratic Parry has come to an end. Catholics are now swing voters, as likely to vote Republican as they are Democratic. The Catholic/Protestant divide that has traditionally marked U.S. electoral politics has also disappeared, with the two groups now indistinguishable in terms of their electoral behavior. This dissertation challenges the conventional wisdom outlined above. I demonstrate that Catholics remain more likely to support the Democrats than the Republicans. More important, Catholic electoral behavior continues to be distinct from that of Protestants. The primary reason for these phenomena, according to my findings, lies in the respective worldviews produced by Catholicism and Protestantism. Specifically, I argue that the Catholic worldview emphasizes values that are more communal and focused on equality than does the Protestant worldview, which places greater emphasis on the values of individualism and freedom.
Ecocritical Analysis of Myth in Achebe’s Things Fall Apart

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research is a continuation on the works that have been done on Achebe’s Things Fall Apart as it considers the myth that are inherent there in it from an ecocritical perspective. It hopes to establish that African literary writings are rich in ecological issues and attempts to use the myths that are in Things Fall Apart to explain the relationship between nature and human culture. Ecoriticism is the theoretical approach on which this work is anchored on because it is study that moves nature from just a mere framing device and to the center as far as literary criticism is concerned. The myths that are in Things Fall Apart includes the story of the quarrel between the sky and the earth, the locust visitation every seven years etc. the significance of these myths among other things is to establish the harmony that previously exist between man and nurture; which is a furtherance of the issue that shows men indebtedness to natural praxis. Finally, this research has established the importance of nature in some of the myths in Things Fall Apart and suggested that more works should be done within the African literary culture to show how nature has been discussed or used in various literary works.
Families of Riemann surfaces, uniformization and arithmeticity

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A consequence of the results of Bers and Griffiths on the uniformization of complex algebraic varieties is that the universal cover of a family of Riemann surfaces, with base and fibers of finite hyperbolic type, is a contractible 2 − 2- dimensional domain that can be realized as the graph of a holomorphic motion of the unit disk. In this paper we determine which holomorphic motions give rise to these uniformizing domains and characterize which among them correspond to arithmetic families (i.e. families defined over number fields). Then we apply these results to characterize the arithmeticity of complex surfaces of general type in terms of the biholomorphism class of the 2 − 2- dimensional domains that arise as universal covers of their Zariski open subsets. For the important class of Kodaira fibrations this criterion implies that arithmeticity can be read from the universal cover. All this is very much in contrast with the corresponding situation in complex dimension one, where the universal cover is always the unit disk.
Sosialisasi Hukum Bahaya Bullying Bagi Remaja Melalui Media Sosial

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to conduct legal socialization regarding the dangers of bullying for teenagers through social media at SMA Taman Siswa Sukadamai. Bullying is becoming an increasingly concerning phenomenon among teenagers, especially with the widespread use of social media. This has triggered the expansion of legal socialization efforts to increase awareness of these dangers. The methods used in this community service include counseling, workshops, and the provision of educational materials tailored to social media platforms. The results indicate an improvement in teenagers' understanding of the legal implications of bullying and an enhancement of their abilities to manage conflicts constructively. These steps are crucial in creating a safe school environment and supporting positive adolescent growth. Through effective legal socialization, it is hoped that bullying cases can be reduced and that an inclusive and empathetic school culture can be fostered. In conclusion, efforts to socialize the law regarding the dangers of bullying for teenagers through social media at SMA have a significant positive impact on raising awareness and changing adolescent behaviors related to bullying.
Quality Assurance Tests: Release 1 Summary Test Results, June 2009

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This report contains summaries of the results of two tests given as part of the IOGENE project. The IOGENE project involves genealogists in the design process of the redesigned Portal interface. The first test in this report was conducted from April 6 through April 9, 2009. The second test in this report was conducted from June 1 - June 4, 2009.
Microbial community structure of soils under four productivity classes of aspen forests in northern British Columbia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) is widely distributed in North American forests. Increased stand productivity with resource availability has been reported, but the relationship between soil microbial community structure and stand productivity remains unclear. To examine soil microbial composition of 4 aspen stand productivity classes, we assessed soil properties, microbial biomass and respiration, and bacterial and ectomycorrhizal diversity. Most variables showed no significant differences between productivity classes. However, mean values for basal respiration (0.05 to 27.99 μg CO2-C·g−1 soil·h−1), bacterial biomass, and metabolic quotient (0.08 to 5.22 CO2-C·mg−1 Cmic·h−1) were lowest in low productivity (Class 1) sites. Bacteria to fungi ratios were significantly lower (P = 0.05) in Class 1 compared to other classes. Microbial biomass ranged from 1.39 to 8.11 mg Cmic·g−1 soil. Thirty-seven distinct aspen ectomycorrhizas (ECM) were characterized, 21 were considered rare (from ≤3 trees). ECM richness did not differ significantly between classes, although relative abundance for some types did. Canonical correspondence analysis showed productivity class explained most microbial community variation, e.g., ECM fungi (80% explained) and soil bacteria (46%). Despite some differences, we could not identify statistically significant bacterial or ECM assemblages linked to stand productivity. Results may reflect a strong association between microbial processes and the dominant host, aspen. Aspen associated with widely distributed fungi common to all classes, possibly facilitating its survival and growth, including on sites exhibiting low pH and low soil fertility.
Characterization of Patients with Osteoporosis at UMHES San Blas According to Sociodemographic Factors and Fracture Site

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The research titled "Characterization of Patients with Osteoporosis at UMHES San Blas According to Sociodemographic Factors and Fracture Site" aims to identify the sociodemographic and clinical risk factors in patients with osteoporosis, as well as to determine the most frequent fracture sites. This disease, characterized by the loss of bone mass, is often underdiagnosed, which increases the risk of fragility fractures and associated morbidity and mortality. It is essential to characterize these patients in order to implement effective prevention and treatment strategies, as recommended by the Colombian Association of Osteoporosis and Mineral Metabolism (ACOMM) [1]. This is a quantitative, descriptive study based on the review of medical records of patients over the age of 55 who sought orthopedic care at the Integrated Health Services Sub-network of Centro Oriente, specifically at UMHES San Blas in Bogotá, between January 2017 and November 2020. A total of 800 patients were included, 41% of whom presented with osteoporotic fractures. The results allow for the correlation of sociodemographic and clinical variables with fracture sites, identifying the most significant risk factors for the population under study. This information is crucial for the development of more effective interventions in the prevention and management of osteoporosis, ultimately improving the bone health of the patients.
In Their Own Words: The Impact of Indirect Trauma Exposure on Judges Presiding Over Cases Involving Minors Involved in Sex Trafficking

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Though secondary traumatic stress has been researched extensively among professionals working with youth in diverse professions, there is limited information about judicial experiences working with trafficked youth. This qualitative study involves 82 interviews with juvenile and family court judges to understand the impact of indirect trauma exposure. Over 80% of respondents describe symptoms of secondary traumatic stress and countertransference responses. Notably, 20% with these symptoms also reported increased professional pride in their role performance with these cases. Implications for how judges can address the effects of indirect exposure are offered based on the literature and the recommendations of the respondents.
Predictive biomarkers in circulating tumor cells (CTC) from patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) through genomic analysis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

4562 Background: Mutations in the ligand binding domain of androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer cells may alter their sensitivity to treatment with specific antiandrogens. To predict for tumor sensitivity to treatment with novel AR targeted therapies, we explored the frequency of mutation detection and copy number alteration in CTC isolated from patients with CRPC enrolled on trials with these targeted therapies. Methods: We used fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) methodology to enrich EpCAM + , CD45 - , DAPI - cells. For mutation detection and genomic copy number alteration in CTC in low number of cancer cells found in clinical samples, we optimized next-gen deep sequencing by Illumina. Results: In patients with progressive CRPC , >10 or >50 EpCAM + events (EPE) were isolated by FACS in 88% or 58% of patients, in whom 32% and 10% had unfavorable (>5 cells/7.5 ml) CTC counts using CellSearch. EPE, expressing prostate-specific mRNAs, provide sufficient high quality DNA for genomic sequencing and copy number analysis. Adequate coverage was obtained from as few 50 EPE, with a recovery rate of 89% from FACS sorted samples. The detection threshold of a mutation was established at 1:4 alleles. To further expand genomic profiling in CTC, we optimized Nimblegen exome mutation detection by deep sequencing on HiSeq PE101. Our initial analysis established the polymorphism frequency detection thresholds in heterogeneous cell populations, and confirmed the sequencing coverage. Somatic missense mutations in AR, APC and TP53 found in CTC but not in paired WBC were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. In parallel, copy number alterations in CTC are studied. Conclusions: Somatic mutations detected in CTC isolated from patients with CRPC can serve as predictive markers of tumor sensitivity to targeted therapies. We established standard operating procedures for specimen processing, and confirmed the sequencing coverage and polymorphism detection thresholds in heterogeneous cell population. Currently we are proceeding to clinical samples to study the associations between specific molecular alterations in CTC as predictive markers of sensitivity and clinical outcomes.
Multidimensional complex signal processing and feature extraction for fatigue testing data

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This study focuses on implementing a multiaxial racetrack amplitude filter designed for processing fatigue testing data. The filter utilizes the concept of a multiaxial racetrack to map a multidimensional signal into a multidimensional space and employs amplitude filtering to eliminate noise while preserving structural outliers and sequential characteristics inherent in the signal. This research evaluates the effectiveness of this method in processing multidimensional data and compares it to conventional data preprocessing methods in the context of fatigue test data. Furthermore, the effectiveness of two optimization strategies proposed to address the limitations related to the filter's “filtering radius” and “filtering direction” has been validated. The findings reveal that the proposed filter is a versatile multidimensional signal processing technique suitable for diverse domains requiring signal order and shape preservation, particularly in fatigue analysis.
Clothes make the man: Transvestism or the re-dressing of masculine identity in Spanish Golden Age and colonial theatre

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

If we rethink our traditional readings of the comedia as a conformist genre, we discover that gender identity in Early Modern Spain and Colonial America was more fluid than previously thought. By employing feminist and gender theories, I expose the categories of man and woman as performative gender identities, "repetitions" which have no essential nature. My chapters on Lope de Vega's peninsular work, El paraiso de Laura, and Sor Juana's colonial piece, Los empenos de una casa, pay special attention to the power that the male cross-dresser derives from cultural anxiety over instability in gender and its alliance with the transgressive power of the gracioso (or 'comic figure'). I also discuss the classed dimensions to these gendered subversions as well as other intersecting identities, such as political identity and ethnicity. In my chapters on Monroy y Silva's peninsular comedia, El caballero dama, and Calderon de la Barca's libretto for the zarzuela, La purpura de la rosa, I turn to cross-dressing in mythological themes and their performance. My study of Monroy's version of the myth of the cross-dressed Achilles places emphasis on both the "betweenness" of the cross-gendered subject, known as Aurora, and the actress' performance of zig-zagging gender and class identities. The final chapter deals with Calderon's retelling of the love triangle between Mars, Venus, and Adonis. Here I look at the cross-gendered performance of masculinity in the context of female singers playing the roles of the mythological heroes, especially in colonial and present-day revivals. In all four chapters, I focus on how cross-dressing leads to the possibility of same-sex desire which, in turn, undermines closure in the comedia. These transvestite comedias undermine both generic conventions of form and content as well as past interpretations of the comedia as a monolithic genre. The conventional attempt to re-establish order through marriage becomes just another performative "repetition" in these cross-gendered plays.
Great Debates—Shift Work Versus One Day at a Time: 12- Versus 24-Hour Call Duration in Acute Care Surgery

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Optimal shift length for acute care surgery remains an ongoing debate that takes into consideration the impact of fatigue on performance, patient outcomes, and provider well-being. The data is conflicting on whether 12- or 24-hour calls are best. Proponents for the 24-hour shift model cite that it fosters superior continuity of care with fewer handoffs, enhances surgical training and does not negatively impact patient outcomes. Supporters of the 12-hour shift model cite enhanced focus, reduced errors, and promotion of patient safety without compromising training requirements or skill acquisition. A thorough look at the practice environment, frequency of calls, and handoff processes are needed to decide on whether a 12- or 24-hour call schedule will be utilized for trainees and attendings.
Fresnel reflections in inverse freeform lens design

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we propose a method to design a freeform lens including the effect of Fresnel reflections on the transmitted intensity. This method is elaborated for a lens with one freeform surface shaping a far-field target from a point source or collimated input beam. It combines the optical mapping with the energy balance incorporating the loss due to Fresnel reflections, which leads to a generalized Monge–Ampère equation. We adapt a least-squares solver from previous research to solve the model numerically. This is then tested with a theoretical example and a test case related to road lighting.