jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Phase-weighted slant stacking for surface wave dispersion measurement

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

SUMMARY Surface wave retrieval from ambient noise records using seismic interferometry techniques has been widely used for multiscale shear wave velocity (Vs) imaging. One key step during Vs imaging is the generation of dispersion spectra and the extraction of a reliable dispersion curve from the retrieved surface waves. However, the sparse array geometry usually affects the ability for high-frequency (&gt;1 Hz) seismic signals’ acquisition. Dispersion measurements are degraded by array response due to sparse sampling and often present smeared dispersion spectra with sidelobe artefacts. Previous studies usually focus on interferograms’ domain (e.g. cross-correlation function) and attempt to enhance coherent signals before dispersion measurement. We propose an alternative technique to explicitly deblur dispersion spectra through use of a phase-weighted slant-stacking algorithm. Numerical examples demonstrate the strength of the proposed technique to attenuate array responses as well as incoherent noise. Three different field examples prove the flexibility and superiority of the proposed technique: the first data set consists of ambient noise records acquired using a nodal seismometer array; the second data set utilizes distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) and a marine fibre-optic cable to acquire a similar ambient noise data set; the last data set is a vibrator-based active-source surface wave data. The enhanced dispersion measurements provide cleaner and higher-resolution spectra without distortions which will assist both human interpreters as well as ML algorithms in efficiently picking curves for subsequent Vs inversion.
Oxidative stress and skeletal muscle dysfunction are present in healthy smokers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chronic exposure to cigarette smoke seems to be related to an increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and changes in muscular and physical performances of healthy smokers. However, these parameters have not yet been evaluated simultaneously in previous studies. The participants of this study were healthy males divided into two groups: smokers (n=20) and non-smokers (n=20). Inflammation was evaluated by measuring plasma levels of the cytokines IL-10, IL-6 e TNF-α, and of the soluble receptors sTNFR1 and sTNFR2. Oxidative stress was evaluated by determination of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) plasma levels, total antioxidant capacity of plasma and erythrocytes activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Muscular performance was evaluated by measuring the peak torque of knee flexors and extensors, and by determining the total work of the knee extensors. Physical performance was assessed by measuring the peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak), the maximum heart rate (HRmax) and the walking distance in the shuttle walking test. Smokers showed an increase in the levels of the sTNFR1 and TBARS and a decrease in the total antioxidant capacity of plasma, in the catalase activity and in the total work (P<0.05). IL-6, IL-10, sTNFR2, SOD, peak torque, VO2 peak, HRmax and walking distance were similar between groups. Smokers presented increased oxidative stress and skeletal muscle dysfunction, demonstrating that the changes in molecular and muscular parameters occur simultaneously in healthy smokers.
User-Centric System Fault Identification Using IO500 Benchmark

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

I/O performance in a multi-user environment is difficult to predict. Users do not know what I/O performance to expect when running and tuning applications. We propose to use the IO500 benchmark as a way to guide user expectations on their application's performance and to aid identifying root causes of their I/O problems that might come from the system. Our experiments describe how we manage user expectation with IO500 and provide a mechanism for system fault identification. This work also provides us with information of the tail latency problem that needs to be addressed and granular information about the impact of I/O technique choices (POSIX and MPI-IO).
FRAUD AND WHISTLEBLOWING IN THE MANAGEMENT OF STUDENT FUNDS

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study was to find out whether there is the potential for fraud and whistleblowing in the management of student funds as a way to detect fraud in universities. The type of research used in this study was descriptive qualitative research. Data collection was done through interviews, observation, and documentation. This study was conducted at one of universities located in Central Java by describing several variables including fraud, whistleblowing and management of student funds.. The data was analyzed using fraud triangle framework and the fraud scheme based on the ACFE classification. The results of this study show that in the management of student funds there was the potential for fraud, such as misuse of financial statements and corruption. There was indication of fraud, but it did not happen. Potential for whistleblowing was not found because they assume that if fraud occurs it is better to discuss it in a family manner and will not report it.
Co-occurrence of arsenic and fluoride in groundwater in Chandrapur district, central India

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The study was carried out to assess the co-occurrence of arsenic and fluoride in groundwater in Chandrapur district, Central India, and their possible future health risk to men, women, and children. A total of 36 groundwater sampling locations (n = 34 from hand pump and n = 2 from dug well) were identified using a systematic random sampling method. The sampling was carried out using the grab sampling method in the post-monsoon season. Various physicochemical parameters were analysed as described in APHA. The results showed that the average concentration of arsenic in the groundwater was 0.0316 mg/L (0.0158 - 0.0414 mg/L), while the average concentration of fluoride was 1.18 mg/L (0.5 - 2.32 mg/L). All groundwater samples had arsenic concentrations above the limit permissible by the Indian standard (0.01 mg/L), while they were within the desirable limit (0.05 mg/L). As for the fluoride in groundwater, 12 samples (33.33 %) were below the desirable limit by the Indian standard (&lt; 1.0 mg/L) and five (13.88 %) were above the desirable limit (&gt; 1.5 mg/L). The co-occurrence of arsenic and fluoride in groundwater from the study area was recorded at 47.22 % (n = 17) of the sampling locations. At 14 sampling locations (38.88 %), the concentrations of both arsenic and fluoride in groundwater were higher, while at 35 sampling locations (97.22 %) there was an elevated concentration of either arsenic or fluoride or both of these contaminants. The plausible reason for the presence of arsenic and fluoride in groundwater can be attributed to geogenic origin. The prolonged ingestion of the groundwater from the study area may pose a threat to the health of the inhabitants. The inhabitants should be aware of these contaminants, and local authorities should use these findings to identify hotspots where these contaminants have occurred. It is necessary to develop and apply low-cost, environment-friendly, and easy-to-adopt methods for the removal of arsenic in combination with fluoride.
Linearized LiNbO<inf>3</inf> Modulator with Dual Mach-Zehnder Interferometer and Branched Asymmetric CPW Electrode

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We propose a transfer-function-transformed optical modulator by introducing a branched asymmetric coplanar waveguide electrode. The structure has the potential to achieve low half-wave voltage and large bandwidth while maintaining its flexibility. We confirmed a linearity improvement with the fabricated modulator.
SYNTHESES AND REACTIONS OF DIAMINOOXOSULFONIUM SALTS

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Diaminooxosulfonium salts were prepared by alkylation of aminosulfoximines. Their reactions with dimsyl sodium gave the corresponding ylides and sulfoximines. The intramolecular rearrangement of the ylide led to ortho substitution bia an intermediate cyclohexadienoneimine. Hydrogen transfer, accompanying rearomatization and the subsequent action of a base gave a dihydrobenzoisothiazole derivative.
Active Readers and Flexible Forms

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Traces the recent surge in minor-character elaboration to the late 1960s and a set of active reading practices and textual acquisitiveness shared by feminist, anticolonial, poststructuralist, and postmodernist writers. It argues that early forays into the genre by writers like Jean Rhys, John Gardner, and Tom Stoppard reveal a variety of formal permutations and agendas that later writers might inherit.
Effects of short term bioturbation by common voles on biogeochemical soil variables

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Bioturbation contributes to soil formation and ecosystem functioning. With respect to the active transport of matter by voles, bioturbation may be considered as a very dynamic process among those shaping soil formation and biogeochemistry. The present study aimed at characterizing and quantifying the effects of bioturbation by voles on soil water relations and carbon and nitrogen stocks. Bioturbation effects were examined based on a field set up in a luvic arenosol comprising of eight 50 × 50 m enclosures with greatly different numbers of common vole (Microtus arvalis L., ca. 35 150 individuals ha 1 mth 1. Eleven key soil variables were analyzed: bulk density, infiltration rate, saturated hydraulic conductivity, water holding capacity, contents of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (N), CO2 emission potential, C/N ratio, the stable isotopic signatures of 13C and 15N, and pH. The highest vole densities were hypothesized to cause significant changes in some variables within 21 months. Results showed that land history had still a major influence, as eight key variables displayed an additional or sole influence of topography. However, the delta15N at depths of 10 20 and 20 30 cm decreased and increased with increasing vole numbers, respectively. Also the CO2 emission potential from soil collected at a depth of 15 30 cm decreased and the C/N ratio at 5 10 cm depth narrowed with increasing vole numbers. These variables indicated the first influence of voles on the respective mineralization processes in some soil layers. Tendencies of vole activity homogenizing SOC and N contents across layers were not significant. The results of the other seven key variables did not confirm significant effects of voles. Thus overall, we found mainly a first response of variables that are indicative for changes in biogeochemical dynamics but not yet of those representing changes in pools.
Acceptance and Trust: Drivers’ First Contact With Released Automated Vehicles in Naturalistic Traffic

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study investigates the impact of initial contact of drivers with an SAE Level 3 Automated Driving System (ADS) under real traffic conditions, focusing on the Mercedes-Benz Drive Pilot in the EQS. It examines Acceptance, Trust, Usability, and User Experience. Although previous studies in simulated environments provided insights into human-automation interaction, real-world experiences can differ significantly. The research was conducted on a segment of German interstate with 30 participants lacking familiarity with SAE Level 3 ADS. Pre-and post-driving questionnaires were used to assess changes in acceptance and trust. Supplementary metrics included post-driving ratings for usability and user experience. Findings reveal a significant increase in acceptance and trust following the first contact, confirming results from prior studies. Factors such as Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Facilitating Condition, and Perceived Safety were rated higher after initial contact with the ADS. However, inadequate communication from the ADS to the human driver was detected, highlighting the need for improved communication to prevent misuse or confusion about the operating mode. However, it’s worth noting that most participants already had a high affinity for technology. Although overall reception was positive and showed an upward trend post first contact, the ADS was also perceived as demanding as manual driving. Future research should focus on a more diverse participant sample and include longer or multiple real-traffic trips to understand behavioral adaptations over time.
The CNN universal machine. II. Programmability and applications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

For pt.I, see ibid., p.1-10 (1992). The programmability (as a stored program) of the CNN universal machine is discussed. It is shown why and in which sense this machine is universal. The analogic type of algorithm is introduced. The application potential is reviewed and the biological relevance is analyzed. It is shown that the architecture is optimal not only for silicon implementations, but also for many biological information processing organs that have the same structure.< >
Fiscal slack or environmental pressures: which matters more for technological innovation assimilation? A configurational approach

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Prior studies suggest that fiscal slack may positively affect technological innovation in the public sector but yield inconsistency between theoretical expectations and empirical findings. To address this research gap, this study develops a configurational explanation combining fiscal slack and environmental pressures by employing fs-QCA in the context of Chinese provincial governments' online public service provision. The findings reveal that the role of fiscal slack is environmentally dependent on explaining technological innovation and that environmental pressures seem to be more important. That is, fiscal slack is likely irrelevant to a high degree of technological innovation assimilation, while the demanding environments of multiple environmental pressures matter. Relative fiscal scarcity may be somewhat relevant to a low degree of technological innovation assimilation only when combined with a more relaxed environment. Several theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
ON A CLASS OF GORENSTEIN IDEALS OF GRADE FOUR

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We provide a minimal free resolution for a class of Gorenstein ideal of grade 4 which is the sum of an almost com- plete intersection J of grade 3 and a perfect ideal I of grade 3 with type 2 and (I) > 0 geometrically linked by a regular sequence, where I is generated by odd elements.
Mono- or bis-ligand complexes are better for chelation therapy? Theoretical approaches

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In our theorethical approach we would like to point out that the dissociation constant (Kd value) of the complexes itself not enough parameter to describe the metal ion binding ability of the MPACS. The ligand concentration dependence of the free metal ion concentration is stronger is bis- or tris complexes are also formed (second or third order), than just mono complex (first order) exists, the theoretical therapeutic window should be more wide for tetra- penta- or hexadentate ligands (only mono complexes formed) than for bi- or tridentate chelators (bis- and tris complex formation is possible).
Appearance of nuclear factors that interact with genes for myeloid calcium binding proteins (MRP-8 and MRP-14) in differentiated HL-60 cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Myeloid calcium binding proteins MRP-8 and MRP-14 were induced, and their genes were coordinately expressed, during differentiation of human leukemia HL-60 cells into macrophage-like cells after treatment with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3). Both MRP-8 and MRP-14 mRNAs appeared on the day after VD3 treatment. Their level reached a peak on day 2, and then quickly declined. Nuclear factors that interact with the 5'-upstream regions of MRP-8 and MRP-14 genes were studied with gel mobility-shift assays. Two factors (MP8FI and MP8FII) that interacted with 379 bp (426–48 bp upstream from the transcription-initiation site of MRP-8 gene) and 67 bp (-47 – +20) DNA fragments, respectively, were found in the cells treated with VD3 for 1 day. MP8FI and MP8FII were present neither in the nuclei of untreated HL-60 cells, nor in the nuclei of the cells treated with VD3 for 6 days. Human monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells, which constitutively expressed MRP genes, had MP8FII but not MF8FI. MP8FII was found to interact with the 19-mer sequence located just upstream of the TATA box. Also, two factors that bound to the different upstream regions (-400 – -150 and -149 – +50) of MRP-14 gene were detected in the differentiated HL-60 cells. One of these, MP14FI, appeared on day 1, but on day 6 its concentration greatly decreased. The other, MP14FII, was found in greater quantity on day 6 than on day 1. MP14FI, but not MP14FII, was found in THP-1 cells. These factors may be involved in the expression of MRP-8 and MRP-14 genes in VD3-differentiated HL-60 cells.
Participation Appraisal of Women Farmers in Dairy Husbandry Practices in Indo-Pak Border Area of Punjab (India)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

India being the agriculture based country; livestock sector becomes the backbone of the nation’s development in terms of economy and various other sectors as well. Livestock production serves as the main source of employment, income and food for over seventy percent of Indian population and women play the role of the hidden working force behind the establishment of livestock sector. A study was conducted on 160 women dairy farmers of 4 border districts namely Gurdaspur, Amritsar, Taran-Taran and Ferozepur of Punjab to ascertain their participation level in various practices related to dairy farming. A pretested structured questionnaire comprising questions on various livestock management practices was filled during the personal interview with women farmers. Data so collected was analyzed descriptively to draw inference. Majority women (70%) had medium level of participation and factors like age, land holding, farm milk production, herd size and number of animal labourer were found to be inversely correlated with the participation score (p<0.05). Study concluded that women are diversely involved in various dairy farming practices and their role is required to be scientifically strengthened through policies and extension activities.
Application of dynamic programming to final state constrained optimal control problems

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplication of dynamic programming to final state constrained optimal control problemsRein Luus and Oscar RosenCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1991, 30, 7, 1525–1530Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00055a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00055a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views485Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Interactive Generation of Path-Traced Lightmaps

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

<p>Indirect illumination is an important part of realistic images, and accurately simulating the complex effects of indirect illumination in real-time applications has long been a challenge for the industry. One popular approach is to use offline precomputed solutions such as lightmaps (textures containing the precomputed lighting in a scene) to efficiently approximate these effects. Unfortunately, these offline solutions have historically enforced long iteration times that come at a cost to artist productivity. These solutions have additionally either supported only the low-frequency diffuse component of indirect lighting, yielding poor visual results for glossy or metallic materials, or have used overly expensive approximations. In recent years, the state of the art lightmap precomputation pipeline has shifted to using highly vectorised path tracing, often on GPU hardware, to compute the indirect illumination effects. The use of path tracing enables progressive rendering, wherein an approximation to the full solution is found and then refined as opposed to solving for the final result in a single step. Progressive rendering through path tracing thereby helps to provide rapid iteration for artists. This thesis describes a system that can progressively path-trace indirect illumination lightmaps on the GPU.Contributing to this system, itintroduces a new gather-based method for sample accumulation, enhances algorithms from prior work, and presents a range of encoding methods, including a novel progressive method for non-negative least-squares encoding of spherical basis functions. In addition, it presents a novel, efficient solution for high-quality precomputed diffuse and low-frequency specular indirect illumination that extends the Ambient Dice family of spherical basis functions. This solution provides comparable or better specular reconstruction to prior work at lower runtime cost and has potential for widespread use in real-time applications.</p>
Plasma sprayed ceramic coatings under thermal shock loading

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Plasma sprayed ceramic coatings are used on the compressor, combustion chamber, fuel vaporizers, nozzle guide vane platforms, turbine aerofoil components of aero-engines and in other high-temperature applications. In some instances, the application of transient thermal loads causes cracks to initiate and later propagate resulting in complete failure of the ceramic coatings.
LaboRecommender: A crazy-easy to use Python-based recommender system for laboratory tests

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Laboratory tests play a major role in clinical decision making because they are essential for the confirmation of diagnostics suspicions and influence medical decisions. The number of different laboratory tests available to physicians in our age has been expanding very rapidly due to the rapid advances in laboratory technology. To find the correct desired tests within this expanding plethora of elements, the Health Information System must provide a powerful search engine and the practitioner need to remember the exact name of the laboratory test to correctly select the bag of tests to order. Recommender systems are platforms which suggest appropriate items to a user after learning the users' behaviour. A neighbourhood-based collaborative filtering method was used to model the recommender system, where similar bags, clustered using nearest neighbours algorithm, are used to make recommendations of tests for each other similar bag of laboratory tests. The recommender system developed in this paper achieved 95.54 % in the mean average precision metric. A fully documented Python package named LaboRecommender was developed to implement the algorithm proposed in this paper