jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Measuring wrist and forearm physical workload at an assembly line

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Compared to other types of work in general, the repetitiveness, as characterized by angular velocity (19 o/s), was relatively high. Moreover, muscular peak load (30 % of maximal capacity) was relatively high (Figure 1), and time for muscular recovery (4.5 %) was relatively low. In comparison to other industrial work no remarkable differences were seen. Task exposure, i.e. job exposure categorized into the seven tasks that constitute the work, showed considerable differences between the tasks. Breaks and meetings showed, as expected, the lowest loads. Final assembly had the highest loads, in both right and left side, regarding both repetitiveness and peak load. In earlier studies the relationship between technical measurements and complaints has been investigated (Nordander et al). An increase of 10 % of maximal capacity means an increase of 9 % of the prevalence of complaints in elbow/hands the past seven days, to bear mind when planning for improvement in the production line.The quantitative information obtained with technical measurements cannot be achieved with observations or self-assessments.
Gynecologic oncology specialty.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In general, the gynaecologic oncologists should be fully equipped to manage primary treatment and most complications related to the care of patients with gynaecologic neoplasms. During the subspecialty trianing program the fellow in trianing should learn to understand and perform radical pelvic surgery, including intestinal and urology procedures, and in addition a deep knowledge of chemotherapy and radiation therapy is important for the complete treatment of gynaecologic neoplasms. The subspecialty of gynaecologic oncology has made many advances over the last few decades; there have been several changes to the management of gynaecologic cancers, which have led to improved outcome and well-being of patients.
Shear-Wave Velocity Characterization of the USGS Hawaiian Strong-Motion Network on the Island of Hawaii and Development of an NEHRP Site-Class Map

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

To assess the level and nature of ground shaking in Hawaii for the purposes of earthquake hazard mitigation and seismic design, empirical ground-motion prediction models are desired. To develop such empirical relationships, knowledge of the subsurface site conditions beneath strong-motion stations is critical. Thus, as a first step to develop ground-motion prediction models for Hawaii, wspectral-analysis-of-surface-waves (SASW) profiling was performed at the 22 free-field U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) strong-motion sites on the Big Island to obtain shear-wave velocity (V(S)) data. Nineteen of these stations recorded the 2006 Kiholo Bay moment magnitude (M) 6.7 earthquake, and 17 stations recorded the triggered M 6.0 Mahukona earthquake. V(S) profiling was performed to reach depths of more than 100 ft. Most of the USGS stations are situated on sites underlain by basalt, based on surficial geologic maps. However, the sites have varying degrees of weathering and soil development. The remaining strong-motion stations are located on alluvium or volcanic ash. V(S30) (average V(S) in the top 30 m) values for the stations on basalt ranged from 906 to 1908 ft/s [National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) site classes C and D], because most sites were covered with soil of variable thickness. Based on these data, an NEHRP site-class map was developed for the Big Island. These new V(S) data will be a significant input into an update of the USGS statewide hazard maps and to the operation of ShakeMap on the island of Hawaii.
Recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG-Based HIV Vaccine: Failures and Promising Approaches for a Successful Vaccine Strategy

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

During 2022, AIDS claimed a life every minute and about 9.2 million HIV-infected people were not on treatment. In addition, a person living with HIV is estimated to be 20–30 times more susceptible to developing active tuberculosis. Every year, 130,000 infants are newly infected, with vertical transmission being the main cause of pediatric HIV infection. Thus, the development of an effective, safe, and accessible vaccine for neonates and/or adults is an urgent need to prevent or control HIV infection or progression to AIDS. An effective HIV vaccine should induce long-lasting mucosal immunity, broadly neutralizing antibodies, innate immunity, and robust stimulation of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses. Recombinant BCG is a promising live-attenuated bacterial vaccine vector because of its capacity to stimulate T-cell immunity. As a slow-growing microorganism, it provides prolonged low-level antigenic exposure upon infecting macrophages and APCs, potentially stimulating both effector and memory T-cell responses. BCG is considered safe and is currently administered to 80% of infants in countries where it is part of the national immunization program. Additionally, BCG offers several benefits as a live vaccine vehicle since it is cost-effective, easy to mass-produce, and heat stable. It is also well-suited for newborns, as maternal antibodies do not interfere with its efficacy. Furthermore, BCG has a strong safety profile, having been administered to over three billion people as a TB vaccine. In this review, we provide an extensive summary of the literature relating to immunogenicity studies in animal models performed since 2011. Moreover, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the key factors influencing the design of recombinant BCG as a live vaccine vehicle: (i) expression vectors; (ii) selection of HIV immunogen; (iii) promoters to regulate gene expression; (iv) BCG strain and BCG codon optimization; (v) genetic plasmid stability; (vi) influence of preexisting immunity, route, and dose immunization; and (vii) safety profile.
Public mental health and suicide

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract The full public health impact of mental health is largely unrecognized. The allocation of the burden of disease attributable to mental and behavioural disorders, which is already substantial, will probably increase steadily in the future, due to the transition of the global disease burden towards mental and behavioural disorders. In addition to the demands that mental disorders put on social welfare and health systems, they also cause decreased productivity in the workplace, prolonged disability, and diminished resources within families. Mental disorders are linked to socioeconomic disadvantages and addressing mental health determinants will reduce health inequalities. Stigma of mental disorders is widespread, and it is a barrier for help-seeking behaviours, as well as the development of healthcare services. Modern mental health policies should aim at improving psychosocial health by addressing determinants of mental health in all public policies. Lately, there has been a heightened interest in the promotion of positive mental health and well-being. Effective programmes have been developed for promoting mental health in everyday settings such as families, schools, and workplaces. New evidence indicates that many mental disorders and suicides are preventable by public mental health interventions. Strong empirical evidence shows that suicide prevention is feasible, effective, and highly cost-effective. Available evidence favours the population approach over high-risk approaches to suicide prevention, as it has the potential to prevent a greater a number of deaths. However, one should not neglect the selective prevention strategies focusing on high-risk groups for suicide, as existing evidence on effective interventions is growing. Key measures in effective public health suicide prevention programmes comprise improved awareness in the population about mental health, the restriction of access to lethal means of suicide, responsible media coverage of suicide issues, and improvements in the identification of depression and suicidality by peers, gatekeepers, and health professionals. Modern community-based mental health services, with a diversified service provision, result in better outcomes on a broader scale compared to ‘old school’ hospital-centred mental health service systems. Primary care has a central role in provision of mental health services to the population.
Pomegranate juice recuperates N’-Nitrosodiethylamine-induced kidney injury: evidence from biochemical and histological approaches

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Pomegranate is considered as one of the oldest elixirs having various properties. Renal fibrosis is a preliminary sign of pathological degradation in most ailments related to kidney. Several efforts have been made for the discovery of cost-effective and safe therapeutics for the alleviation of renal diseases. There is a major dearth of studies on the action of pomegranate juice (PGJ) against NDEA-instigated kidney injury. This study investigates the protective and antifibrotic action of PGJ in restricting the occurrence of experimental renal fibrosis in Wistar rats. Renal injury was generated by a single intraperitoneal dose of 10 ml kg −1 b.wt. (1% NDEA stock), while fresh PGJ (i.p.) in doses of 2 ml kg −1 b.wt was administered thrice a week on alternate days for two weeks to observe amelioration. The renal function indices (blood urea, creatinine, and uric acid), SOD, CAT, LPO levels and renal anatomy (H&E, MT, Picrosirius and SEM) were investigated. Results The assessment of renal function demonstrates augmented levels of blood urea, creatinine and uric acid in NDEA-administered groups in comparison with controls. SOD, CAT declined significantly in NDEA Day-7- and Day-14-treated animals, while the MDA levels raised by ~ 70.5% and ~ 76.3% in these groups, respectively. However, supplementation of PGJ provided recuperation from these elevated levels in injured groups. H&E staining of the controls exhibited normal renal structure with intact glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule, while NDEA generated congestion of glomerular tuft, convoluted tubules with cloudy swelling and multiple subsidence of the renal tissue. Noticeable presence of collagen fibers in the interstitium of cortex region of kidney was observed by MT staining along with gross ultrastructural deterioration in NDEA-administered animals by electron microscopy. PGJ supplementation exhibited restoration of renal anatomy and physiology. Conclusions Pomegranate may be considered as a potent nutraceutical to prevent NDEA-induced renal damage and may be included as a daily dietary supplement.
Scenario of expected climate and change of surface drain in north Kazakhstan

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Taking into account local peculiarities of the territory, scenarios of changes in temperature and precipitation for the future up to 2040 -2050 are built. On this basis, estimated probable change in runoff due to expected climate changes. The scenarios are based on physical laws, consisting in the presence of links between climatic fluctuations contained in time series of temperature and precipitation and climatic fluctuations in the indices of the general circulation of the atmosphere, identified on the basis of harmonic analysis. It is shown that one should expect stabilization of temperature in the region and even some decrease in it with a constant amount of precipitation. This will positively affect the surface runoff.
GWAS summary statistics for waist-to-hip ratio and body principal components

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This dataset contains genome-wide association summary statistics for waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), as well as those for body principal components (PCs). A subset of 387,139 unrelated, white British individuals were analyzed for WHR. PCs were combined from the summary statistics for WHR and 13 other anthropometric traits (body mass index, standing height, weight, hip circumference, waist circumference, arm lean mass (left), arm fat mass (left), leg lean mass (left), leg fat mass (left), trunk lean mass, trunk fat mass, body fat percentage, basal metabolic rate) provided by the Neale lab (http://www.nealelab.is/uk-biobank). All traits were inverse-rank normal transformed (by the Neale lab or ourselves for WHR). All effect sizes, including those for PCs, are standardized, i.e. they represent the effects on a trait with variance 1. The zip files contain the data to run the sample pipeline and the shiny app, both available from https://github.com/JonSulc/PCA_Cross-sex_MR.
Metal-free Oxidative Spirocyclization of Pyrrole-2-carboxamides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A catalyst-free oxidative spirocyclization reaction has been successfully developed for the synthesis of 3,3'-pyrrolidinyl spirooxindole derivatives from readily accessible pyrrole-2-carboxamides. The resulting 3,3'-pyrrolidinyl spirooxindoles can be selectively transformed into hydrogenated spiroindoles via a reduction process. The dual functionality of Selectfluor is noteworthy, as it may serve both as an oxidizing and fluorinating agent and as a precursor for an alkaline promoter. The present spirocyclization method offers advantages such as a simple operation and mild reaction conditions.
Forming a driving index for implementing public-private partnership projects in emerging economy: Ethiopian perception

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify driving factors and a quantitative model for implementing public-private partnership (PPP) projects in Ethiopia as a case study in emerging economies. Design/methodology/approach A review of the literature and semi-structured interviews were carried out to identify driving factors affecting the implementation of PPP projects in the Ethiopian context. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey within three months, with 59 validated responses; mean score technique and factor analysis were conducted. The fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE) method was applied to develop a driving index (DI) for implementing infrastructure PPP projects. Finally, a comparative analysis of top-five drivers was conducted between four emerging economies. Findings Mean values show that all driving variables are important. Through factor analysis, 22 identified driving variables were grouped into six factors, namely, benefit for public and private sectors, attention of private sector, social development, cost reduction, management ability of public sector and ability of private sector. The FSE method constructs a DI and shows that benefit for public and private sectors is the most crucial factor for PPP implementation in the context of Ethiopia. Apart from this, most driving forces for adopting PPP projects in these countries related to financial problems. Originality/value This study is one of the first integrate driving factors for PPP implementation. The index provides the decision-makers with a comprehensive tool to assess the needs of PPP implementation.
Agroeconomic efficiency of chemical ameliorants new forms for potato cultivation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Applying granulated AgroMag to the soil in doses of 100-200 kg/ha annually and foliar treatment with AgroMag AktiMax during the growing season in combination with NPK-fertilizers with a predominance of potassium (N:P:K = 1:1-1.3:1.3-1.5) provides a significant increase in potato yields, a decrease in tuber morbidity common scab, improving the quality of products and increasing the fertility of acidic sod-podzolic soils.
Algorithm for choosing agrotechnologies and technical means in the production of crops

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The existing work on the choice of technologies and technical means, implemented in the form of software, is considered. The factors that must be taken into account when choosing agricultural technologies are shown: phytosanitary, soil-climatic and natural conditions, optimal terms of work, effective schemes for the use of fertilizers and protection means, the choice of machine complexes depending on natural conditions (field sizes), as well as costs for execution of the entire complex of works. An algorithm of the web-based software complex "STAMAT" is presented for the selection of agricultural technologies and technical means of crop production, taking into account the peculiarities of the location and production conditions of the farm. A graphical method for representing the algorithm in the form of a diagram is used. This method makes it possible to represent a multilevel hierarchical scheme of interaction between the data of the subject area described. Functions reflecting the algorithm developed are shown. Several blocks have been highlighted, which in the software package will represent separate software modules with a common database and a common interface: “User authentication”, “Database editor”, “Choice of technology”, “Choice of equipment”, “Reports”. The description of the blocks and the functions they implement is given. Based on the results of work of the program module “Choice of technologies”, several options for technologies are formed, as well as flow charts for the production of crops with an indication of the necessary technological operations, the timing of their implementation and a list of equipment required to perform a given amount of work in the optimal agrotechnical terms. The result of work of the module “Choice of equipment” is selection of the optimal composition of the machine and tractor fleet required to perform one technology from a number of calculated options.
POWER SPECTRUM METHOD IN RECORD, EVALUATION AND PROCESSING OFGENOMIC SIGNALS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Fractals are geometrical shapes with noninteger dimension and
invariation against change of scale factor. For each
geometrical shape, one parameter - dimension - can be
calculated. For calculation, Power Spectrum Method (PSM) was
chosen. Aim of work consists in image analysis obtained from
linear sequence of DNA code. For analysis itself, sequences of
Homo sapiens Atlase and Citrobacter youngae were chosen. Result
of calculation is dimension derived from sequences of generated
texture. This result enables to introduce criterion for
sequences determination. Graphical outputs may be also
represented as multidimensional alternative transformation of
linearly recorded genomic signal. Algorithms are developed in
environment of matrix laboratory MATLAB. Origin of data is in
public database EMBL (ESI) and GenBank (NCBI).
Can the profession of pharmacy serve as a model for health informationist professionals?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Pharmacy could serve as a model for the health informationist profession proposed by Davidoff and Florance in their 2000 editorial in the Annals of Internal Medicine. The current training and practice roles for pharmacists suggest a way to prepare health sciences librarians for work with clinical health care teams. The influences that spurred the transformation of pharmacy parallel in many respects those suggesting the need for more information professionals prepared to practice in clinical health care settings. During the same decades that health sciences librarians have been debating and experimenting with new professional roles such as clinical medical librarians, pharmacy has undergone an intensive review of its core values, mission, practice roles, and educational preparation methods. Until recently, most pharmacists graduated from five-year baccalaureate programs preparing them to understand drug products, sources of supply, and effective ways to dispense them to patients as prescribed by physicians. Today, almost all pharmacy students graduate from six-year doctor of pharmacy programs that prepare them to be the primary providers of what their profession calls "pharmaceutical care." The pharmaceutical care model suggests that health information professionals in clinical settings could be educated and trained to provide what we might call health information care.
Development of a risk prediction score for screening for HBV, HCV and HIV among migrants in France: results from a multicentre observational study (STRADA study)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives Migrants from high HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) endemicity regions have a great burden of these infections and related diseases in the host countries. This study aimed to assess the predictive capacity of the Test Rapide d'Orientation Diagnostique (TROD) Screen questionnaire for HIV, HBV and HCV infections among migrants arriving in France. Design An observational and multicentre study was conducted among migrants. A self-questionnaire on demographic characteristics, personal medical history and sexual behaviours was completed. Setting The study was conducted in the centres of the French Office for Immigration and Integration (OFII). Participants Convenience sampling was used to select and recruit adult migrants between January 2017 and March 2020. Outcome measures Participants were tested for HIV, HBV and HCV with rapid tests. For each infection, the test performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristics curves, using area under the curve (AUC) as a measure of accuracy. Results Among 21 133 regular migrants seen in OFII centres, 15 343 were included in the study. The participants’ mean age was 35.6 years (SD±11.1). The prevalence (95% CI) of HBV, HCV and HIV was 2.0% (1.8% to 2.2%), 0.3% (0.2% to 0.4%) and 0.3% (0.2% to 0.4%), respectively. Based on the sensitivity–specificity curve analysis, the cut-off points (95% CI) chosen for the risk score were: 2.5 (2.5 to 7.5) for HBV infection in men; 6.5 (0.5 to 6.5) for HBV infection in women; 9.5 (9.5 to 12.5) for HCV infection; and 10.5 (10.0 to 18.5) for HIV infection. Test performance was highest for HIV (AUC=82.15% (95% CI 74.54% to 87.99%)), followed by that for HBV in men (AUC=79.22%, (95% CI 76.18% to 82.26%)), for HBV in women (AUC=78.83 (95% CI 74.54% to 82.10%)) and that for HCV (AUC=75.95% (95% CI 68.58% to 83.32%)). Conclusion The TROD screen questionnaire showed good overall performance for predicting HIV, HBV and HCV infections among migrants in OFII centres. It could be used to optimise screening for these infections and to propose rapid screening tests to those who are at high risk. Trial registration number NCT02959684 .
[A correlative study on post-stroke depression and CT, physical, psychological and social parameters].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

58 acute hospitalized CVD patients were selected as study group. Each patient was administered a series of standardized quantitative measures. As a result, we found a significant difference between hemisphere (L: 55% vs R: 28% P < 0.05), and the difference was result from the highest incidence rate of PSD observed in the left anterior CVD subgroup. Meanwhile, those with left anterior lesion (cortical and subcortical) had the greater severity of depression than any other lesions. A strong negative correlation between the severity of depression and AP% was observed for left CVD group. The result of multiple stepwise regression analysis not only support the notions mentioned above but also shown up that a few factors other than location of the lesion had impact on the PSD. Finally, authors discussed the heterogenous causes of PSD and think probably biological etiology involved in the formation of PSD.