jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea OCS Studies - An Overview

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a summary review of program activities carried out during the first two years in the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea. Emphasis is given to problems of logistical support and scheduling of multi-ship operations for a very large multi-disciplinary environmental assessment program involving 124 Principal Investigators from 31 institutions and agencies, including Federal, State, academic and private groups.
Nonparametric Heterogeneity Testing For Massive Data

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A massive dataset often consists of a growing number of (potentially) heterogeneous sub-populations. This paper is concerned about testing various forms of heterogeneity arising from massive data. In a general nonparametric framework, a set of testing procedures are designed to accommodate a growing number of sub-populations, denoted as $s$, with computational feasibility. In theory, their null limit distributions are derived as being nearly Chi-square with diverging degrees of freedom as long as $s$ does not grow too fast. Interestingly, we find that a lower bound on $s$ needs to be set for obtaining a sufficiently powerful testing result, so-called "blessing of aggregation." As a by-produc, a type of homogeneity testing is also proposed with a test statistic being aggregated over all sub-populations. Numerical results are presented to support our theory.
Response from VBM Medizintechnik GmbH

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Thank you for the opportunity to reply. As Hobson et al. have stated, this incident was reported to the MHRA, to whom we have sent our Adverse Incident Investigation Report. We checked our incident history and no similar incidents have ever been reported to us. We also checked our complaint and repair file back to the year 2003, and again, found no device defect of this nature. With this information we assessed the incident as an isolated event and the file was closed by the MHRA Adverse Incident Centre in May 2012. We are very happy, however, if hospitals want to contact us for a device check with focus on the regulator.
Insurance Applications of Life Tables

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract Mortality constitutes one of the main causes of risk in a life insurance portfolio (or pension plan). Many risk factors contribute to determine the mortality in a portfolio. In particular, at an individual level, the insured's age has an important role. In this article, we first describe the features of a (period) life table which constitutes the basic tool to represent the age pattern of mortality, and the applications of life tables to the calculation of expected present values (or “actuarial values”) in life insurance. Next, we introduce the ideas underlying the projected life tables, meant as a tool to represent future mortality. Finally, we focus on randomness in the results of a life insurance portfolio (cash flows, profits, etc.), and the use of stochastic models.
"Bridging the gap between increasing knowledge and decreasing resources" Polyamine Action in Sweetpotato Plants in Response to Environmental Stresses

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Adjustment to certain environmental stresses is one of the most required abilities of crop plants in times of global changes climatic especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Ipomoea batatas (sweetpotato) shows a high future viability because it is a species with a conspicuous adaptability and a wide range of genotypes. It is therefore cultivated in more than 100 countries with tropical, subtropical and moderate climate. It is expected that the importance of Ipomoea batatas also called sweetpotato, the ranked number seven among the most important food crops, will increase in times of drought, desertification, flooding and rising temperatures. It already serves as a candidate for reducing the increasing food insecurity and poverty alleviation in developing countries, buffering the over malnutrition and has the potential to play an important role in the industrial sector. However studies are rare about the mechanisms behind the stress resistance of sweetpotato. Certain metabolites play important roles in the resistance of plants to a broad range of stresses. Polyamines, small organic polycations found in all eukaryotic cells, have been identified as such metabolites. The major plant polyamines, putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm) frequently accumulate in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. Our aim is toidentify the correlation between abiotic stresses and polyamine production in sweetpotato.Abees,sweetpotatoegyptian orange-flesh genotype was used in all stresses of this study, four weeks old plants were exposed to heat, cold, drought and salinity stresses separately, polyamines, putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm) were analysed using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results obtained showed a correlation among the identified polyamines putrescine, spermidine, spermine and the different abiotic stresses in our study. Moreover, unique poly-amine products were also found as a specific response to each stress type. These polyamine products undergo identification process by massspectroscopy.Our results indicate that the expression of polyamines can serve as specific stress indicators.
Developments in transgenic techniques in pigs.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Manipulation of the pig genome is currently restricted to the random insertion of new DNA using pronuclear microinjection. This method suffers from a number of inherent limitations, the majority of which result from the inability to control the site at which the transgene becomes integrated. These drawbacks, together with the need to be able to target existing genes, will result in the replacement of pronuclear injection by new methods that have the capability to direct insertion to a particular genomic site that does not influence expression. Currently, it is possible to control the site of insertion in mice using embryonic stem (ES) cell and homologous recombination technologies. However, pluripotent ES cells have yet to be isolated in pigs. The possibility of using nuclear transfer to reprogramme early differentiated embryonic cells as well as somatic cells from adult animals may provide an alternative method for generating precise genetic modifications. Methods that allow these changes to be carried out in situ are also likely to be developed in the future.
Sizing methodology for combined renewable energy systems

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In this work we develop a process to size the renewable energy system that can power a microgrid community. We begin by collecting the community's varying load, location dependent data, and commercially available generation types. According to rules of thumb and relevant physics equations, we then recommended the quantity and configuration of each generation component. Finally, we combine the design suggestions into a hybrid energy system that is simulated and analyzed in TRNSYS. Hence we have created a sizing methodology that determines the best configuration and type of generation components for a microgrid to achieve net-zero energy.
Teaching English for Asking and Giving Opinion Learning Material through Cublak-Cublak Suweng Game

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

During the learning process, students need something that is fun, easy to remember, and gives a good understanding of the material. In this case, teachers need to introduce fun learning innovations like games. Students have problems with learning English, especially in learning vocabulary. This study aims to find out how traditional cublak-cublak-suweng game procedures can be used as an effective way to help students learn English vocabulary. The research was conducted at MI Asy-Syafiiyyah 2 Brebes in 5th grade with a total of 24 students. The data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative methods. The design of this study is classroom action research, covering four activities: planning, action, observation, and reflection. The result of the study showed that the cublak-cublak-suweng game can improve the student's vocabulary and recommend such materials to the student.
LGRB hosts in emission and in absorption

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Long-duration gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) provide a unique way of selecting a sample of actively star-forming galaxies independent of their brightness and at practically any redshift. I will review what we know about the hosts and more immediate environments of LGRBs from two different perspectives: ultraviolet absorption-line spectroscopy of the bright early afterglow, and observations of their hosts in emission once the afterglow has faded away.
CSD 1788675: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An entry from the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database, the world’s repository for inorganic crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the joint CCDC and FIZ Karlsruhe Access Structures service and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Use of Worm meal as Animal Protein Source in Fish Feed

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aquaculture keeps topics of rapid increase in manufacturing amount,&nbsp;economy of feed additives, alternative feed additives, and sustainable supply of feed additives on the agenda. Discontinuity in supply of fish meal&nbsp;being fundamental animal protein source in fish-feed accelerated pursuit for alternative animal protein sources. Earthworms are preferred for&nbsp;the use of domestic and industrial organic wastes as fertilizer in agricultural areas in recent years. Earthworm is a significant animal proteinsource which emerges as final product in this manufacturing. The use of worm meal, which has a significant value in terms of essential amino&nbsp;acid in aquaculture. Total aquaculture production of Turkey in 2015 reached up to 240.334 ton which reveal the increasing need towards&nbsp;animal protein source being a significant component of fish-feed. The aim is to attract attention to the need of researching the effect of worm&nbsp;meal on aquaculture performance. In addition to the use of worms and worm meal in domestic animal feed, research on the use of them in fishfeed also increases rapidly. In this review, importance of the worm and worm meal, and researches conducted with usage potential in fish-feed&nbsp;were discussed. Some resolution advisories for sustainable growth in the amount of aquaculture were presented via worm meal in fish-feed.
Abstract B15: Increased presence of T follicular helper cells in lung adenocarcinoma is associated with mutational load

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Tertiary lymphoid organs are ectopic lymphoid formations found in inflamed tissues such as tumors, and their presence has been associated with improved patient outcome. T follicular helper cells (Tfh) reside in the germinal centre of tertiary lymphoid organs, and are required for the maturation of B cells and subsequent antibody response. Whereas the prognostic value of Tfh has been described in breast and colon tumors, they remain uncharacterized in lung tumors. We hypothesize that Tfh cells reside in lung adenocarcinomas and are associated with an increased immune response due to neoantigen exposure. Gene expression profiles were obtained from 83 paired lung adenocarcinomas and nonmalignant lung tissues from the BC Cancer Agency, and 571 unpaired samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Relative proportions of 22 immune cell subsets were inferred from gene expression data using CIBERSORT, a deconvolution algorithm. Identification of tertiary lymphoid organs was achieved through multicolor immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining for T- and B-cell lineage markers (CD3 and CD79a) using whole tissue sections. Proportions of Tfh cells were correlated with tumor mutation load defined as non-silent mutations per megabase (Mann Whitney U test) and patient outcome (Cox proportional hazard model). The proportion of Tfh cells was significantly increased in tumor tissue compared to nonmalignant lung in both cohorts. We also observed concomitant upregulation of Tfh markers PD1 and CXCR5. Multicolor IHC validated the presence of tertiary lymphoid organs in 19 out of 20 cases assessed. Intriguingly, the increase in the proportion of Tfh cells revealed by CIBERSORT was observed across all disease stages and was validated in an additional cohort of Stage I lung adenocarcinomas. The relative proportion of Tfh cells did, however, increase with increasing tumor mutation burden, suggesting their involvement in an active immune response against tumor neoantigens. Tfh recruitment appears to be an early event in lung tumor progression and a function of neoantigen exposure, suggesting involvement in an active antitumor response rather than a passive result of chronic inflammation. Further investigation into Tfh in lung adenocarcinomas may lead to prognostic applications. Citation Format: Katey S.S. Enfield, Kevin W. Ng, Erin A. Marshall, Spencer D. Martin, Wan L. Lam. Increased presence of T follicular helper cells in lung adenocarcinoma is associated with mutational load [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR-IASLC International Joint Conference: Lung Cancer Translational Science from the Bench to the Clinic; Jan 8-11, 2018; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(17_Suppl):Abstract nr B15.
Health and Social Care Bill

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Establish and make provision about a National Health Service Commissioning Board and clinical commissioning groups and to make other provision about the National Health Service in England; to make provision about public health in the United Kingdom; to make provision about regulating health and adult social care services; to make provision about public involvement in health and social care matters, scrutiny of health matters by local authorities and co-operation between local authorities and commissioners of health care services; to make provision about regulating health and social care workers; to establish and make provision about a National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; to establish and make provision about a Health and Social Care Information Centre and to make other provision about information relating to health or social care matters; to abolish certain public bodies involved in health or social care; to make other provision about health care; and for connected purposes.
Misuse of ‘Break-the-Glass' Policies in Hospitals

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This article describes how the information about an individual's personal health is among ones most sensitive and important intangible belongings. When health information is misused, serious non-revertible damage can be caused, e.g. through making intimidating details public or leaking it to employers, insurances etc. Therefore, health information needs to be treated with the highest degree of confidentiality. In practice it proves difficult to achieve this goal. In a hospital setting medical staff across departments often needs to access patient data without directly obvious reasons, which makes it difficult to distinguish legitimate from illegitimate access. This article provides a mechanism to classify transactions at a large university medical center into plausible and questionable data access using a real-life data set of more than 60,000 transactions. The classification mechanism works with minimal data requirements and unsupervised data sets. The results were evaluated through manual cross-checks internally and by a group of external experts. Consequently, the hospital's data protection officer is now able to focus on analyzing questionable transactions instead of checking random samples.
Science education at first degree level

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Research in science education at the undergraduate level is less extensive than for schooling. A significant number of studies do, however, exist. Some of these have been pioneering in their theoretical approach and in the methodologies they have used to gather and analyse data. Exemplary studies of four aspects of participating in the study of science at the tertiary level are described. Content for study, student conceptions, the teaching situation and laboratory work are each rich fields for research.
Local Stability Analysis for Age Structural Model of Chikungunya Disease

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A mathematical model of Chikungunya disease is used for describing transmission of this disease. Chikungunya disease is caused by Chikungunya virus that is alphavirus. This disease is transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. In Thailand, Chikungunya is first found in 1958. The data of infected human with this disease indicates that most of patients are adults particularly agriculture which have much risk of exposure to infection by the mosquitoes. In this paper, we study the age structure of Chikungunya patients by separating human populations into two classes, i.e. juvenile and adult. We apply standard dynamical modeling method for analysis the behaviors of solutions to our model. Conditions of parameters for the disease free and endemic states are determined. The numerical solutions are shown for supporting the theoretical results. The alternative way for controlling this disease is suggested. The basic reproductive number and the condition for reducing the transmission of this disease in each situation are found. However, the season is not considered in this study
Preparation of 5-Aminosalicylic acid Sustained-release Matrix Tablets

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: To prepare sustained-release matrix tablets of 5-aminosalicylic acidMethods: A tablet formulation of 5-aminosalicylic acid containing Hydroxypropyl-methyl cellulose as matrix material was prepared by wetting-granule method, the drug release in virto was studiedResults: The drug release from the matrix tablets is in compliance with Higuchi equation Conclusion: The matrix tablets of 5-aminosalicylic acid show perfect sustanined-release effect
Dynamic evolution of residual stress upon manufacturing Al-based diesel engine diaphragm

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract As a thin-walled complex structure, the manufacturing of Al-based diesel engine diaphragms involves casting and heat treatment. Residual stress is introduced during the uneven temperature field in casting and heat treatment, as well as the plastic deformation and cutting heat during mechanical processing. This research investigates the evolution and accumulation models of residual stress in casting and heat treatment for Al-based diesel engine diaphragms using ProCAST and ABAQUS software, combining with the experimental tests. To mitigate residual stress, the optimal parameter combination for casting temperature, knockout temperature, and mold preheating temperature in casting process is explored. The results indicate that the knockout temperature has the most significant influence on casting residual stress, and mold preheating is beneficial for reducing residual stress. Despite improvements, some internal stress concentration areas persist on the knockout casting surface. Furthermore, T6 heat treatment proves to be effective in eliminating more than 50% of the residual stress.
Relationship Between LH and Testicular Development in Progesterone-Implanted Prepubertal Ram Lambs1

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The relationship between systemic luteinizing hormone (LH) and testicular development was investigated in Finn and Suffolk ram lambs treated at 2 wk of age with sc progesterone implants for 0, 4, 8 or 12 wk. Serial samples of blood (30-min intervals for 3 h) were collected from five rams X breed-1 X treatment-1 at 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 18 and 22 wk of age plus 1 and 2 wk after implant removal. Scrotal circumference was measured at 10, 14, 18 and 22 wk of age. A testicular biopsy was obtained at 14, 18 and 22 wk for microscopic evaluation of testicular development and spermatogenesis. Pulsatile LH releases occurred 60 to 180 min apart in control lambs between 6 and 22 wk of age; LH secretion was not affected by age except for a decrease (P less than .01) in mean LH at 22 wk. Transient increases in testosterone were found subsequent to LH pulses. Systemic testosterone increased (P less than .01) progressively with age, was higher (P less than .05) in Finn than in Suffolk rams at 18 and 22 wk and was correlated positively (P less than .01) within breeds with seminiferous tubule diameter at 14 wk and with scrotal circumference at 10 and 14 wk. Tubule diameter was larger (P less than .01) but testes size and weight were smaller (P less than .01) in Finn than in Suffolk rams. Progesterone implants decreased (P less than .01) LH secretion at 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12, but not at 14 wk of age; decreased systemic testosterone between 4 and 14 wk; decreased (P less than .01) seminiferous tubule diameter at 14 wk, which was related inversely to duration of progesterone treatment; and delayed puberty from 18 to 22 or more wk in rams implanted from 2 to 10 or 14 wk of age. Both control and treated rams with elongated spermatids at 18 vs 22 or more wk had increased LH secretion, higher systemic testosterone and larger tubule diameter and testes size at a younger age. These results suggest that rate of sexual maturation in ram lambs is related to level of postnatal LH stimulation and to the prepubertal age when increased LH stimulation occurs.
Optimization of low-energy slow extraction efficiency of XiPAF

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Xi'an Proton Application Facility (XiPAF) synchrotron provides 10~200MeV proton beam for the experimental simulation of the space radiation environment. Due to the space charge effect, the slow extraction of 10 MeV proton beam is a work full of challenges. In a past experiment, the total extraction efficiency was over 65% with 4.5 ~ 6.5×1010 protons stored before extraction but decreased to 52% with 9×1010 protons stored. In order to study the beam loss caused by a strong space charge effect, based on experimental parameters, the beam loss fractions at different positions of XiPAF synchrotron are obtained through the simulation. According to the beam loss analysis, optimized parameters are found for reference in subsequent experiments. It is also noted that negative beam average momentum spread before extraction is beneficial to the improvement of extraction efficiency