jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Magnetic drive couplings

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Eddy current couplings using embedded magnet excitation are now commercially available offering key benefits in applications such as large pumps, compressors and conveyors. The paper describes a linear field model based upon 'layer theory' that has been used to assist in the development and optimisation of a range of eddy current couplings. The paper demonstrates the ability of the proposed approach for predicting flux density distributions, torques and axial forces including any misalignment. The model is a useful design tool because of the significant reduction in solution times compared to more detailed finite element based methods.
Simultaneous targeting of HSV-1 with two gRNAs completely impairs virus replication.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p><b>a)</b> Vero cells were transduced with the indicated single or double gRNAs and subsequently infected with HSV-1-eGFP at an MOI of 0.5. Cells were analyzed for eGFP-expression by flow cytometry at 1, 2, and 3 dpi to assess the percentage of virus-infected cells. <b>b)</b> Similar experiment as in a) but now performed in human MRC5 cells and at an MOI of 0.005, as MRC5 cells are more susceptible to HSV-1 infection. Cells were analyzed for eGFP-expression by flow cytometry at 1 dpi and 3 dpi to assess the percentage of successfully infected cells. <b>c)</b> Supernatants from b) were subjected to plaque assays to quantify the infectious HSV-1 titer produced by gRNA-expressing MRC5 cells that had been infected with HSV-1-eGFP three days earlier. Plaques were scored if visible by eye. <b>d)</b> Plaques from c) obtained after infection of cells with HSV-1 harvested from control or anti-<i>UL8</i> gRNA-expressing MRC5-cells were analyzed by light-microscopy. Whereas large plaques (‘P’) are observed in infected cells not carrying any gRNAs, virus harvested from UL8 gRNA- expressing cells induced microplaques. In double gRNA-treated cells, no signs of infection were observed. For all bar diagrams, measurements of triplicate experiments are presented + STD.</p>
Managing distant metastasis from head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC)- possible targets and potential treatment strategies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Distant metastasis from HNSCC can be either synchronous or asynchronous, the former of which is the situation that the metastatic foci is found by the time the primary cancer is diagnosed or shortly after that, and the latter of which is the metastatic lesions is confirmed thereafter. It is believed that once the distant metastasis occurs, there is almost no cure, no matter the metastasis is concurrent or not. For HNSCC, the metastatic nature is closely related to some important clininopathologic factors of tumors, most important of which are primary tumor site, depth of invasion, numbers of involved neck levels and extracapsular spread of the neck nodes. Many components of tumor microenvironment, such as hypoxia, also contribute to the pathogenesis of distant metastasis. Targeting hypoxia can help to prevent malignant transformation and progression of cancers. One effective way to target hypoxia is to block hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) expression, with subsequent inhibition of its downstream signaling cascades. Cancer stem cells (CSC), also known as tumor initiating cells, are a specific and small cell population in cancers, exhibiting strong abilities of invasion, migration and metastasis. Targeting CSCs resides on identifying specific marker expressed on cell surface and blocking key molecules that execute their aggressive behaviors. A good example for targeting specific signaling molecules is to inactivate phorsphorylated STAT3, a key molecule closely related to cancer progression. Targeting these checkpoints can be realized by administration of specific chemicals or by genetic manipulations via molecular biological methods.
A new tissue‐polymer hybrid drug delivery system for artificial corneas

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose We developed and evaluated a new hybrid tissue‐polymer drug delivery system using lyophilized cornea and synthetic hydrogel. The feasibility of this system as a carrier and a drug delivery system for an artificial cornea (Boston Keratoprosthesis) was evaluated in vitro while non‐modified cornea tissue was used as a control. Methods Corneal tissue from the eye bank was first lyophilized. The tissue‐polymer hybrid was synthesized by reconstituting the lyophilized cornea in a norfloxacin‐loaded hydrogel solution followed by polymerization. Four different tissue‐hydrogel compositions of varying hydrophobicity were synthesized and characterized over one month for the swelling and the drug release profile. Unmodified cornea tissue was used as a control. The mechanical strength and suture characteristics of the hybrid system and unmodified cornea were evaluated as a carrier for Boston K‐pro using an artificial anterior chamber. Results Both the hybrid‐system and the control show excellent mechanical properties as carriers for the Boston K‐pro. They withstood similar challenges of intrachamber pressures (50‐70 mmHg) for wound stability. In vitro drug release analysis demonstrates a longer and more controlled drug release profile for the hybrid system as compared to the control. The most hydrophobic hybrid construct shows a release that is above the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration 90 of Staphylococcus epidermidis for the first two days. Conclusion The new hybrid tissue‐polymer system shows sufficient mechanical stability to serve as a carrier for the Boston K‐pro. This system has the potential to simplify storage and distribution of donor tissue as a carrier for artificial cornea in developing countries where donor tissue is otherwise not readily available.
INVESTIGATION OF PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN WAVE INTERACTION EXPERIMENTS AT HIGH POWER.

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The wave interaction equations are extended to account for nonlinearities which are noticeable at high disturbing powers. Previous assumptions are investigated to see if they are still valid. A suitable nonlinear approximation is derived for ionospheric heating. This approximation leads to an accurate analytical approximation for the interaction effect at high powers. It was found that ionospheric parameters will be able to be synthesized using high powered interaction. A preliminary study indicated the feasibility of synthesizing electron temperature form interaction data. (Author)
Rumen Methanogenic Genotypes Differ in Abundance According to Host Residual Feed Intake Phenotype and Diet Type

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Methane is an undesirable end product of rumen fermentative activity because of associated environmental impacts and reduced host feed efficiency. Our study characterized the rumen microbial methanogenic community in beef cattle divergently selected for phenotypic residual feed intake (RFI) while offered a high-forage (HF) diet followed by a low-forage (LF) diet. Rumen fluid was collected from 14 high-RFI (HRFI) and 14 low-RFI (LRFI) animals at the end of both dietary periods. 16S rRNA gene clone libraries were used, and methanogen-specific tag-encoded pyrosequencing was carried out on the samples. We found that Methanobrevibacter spp. are the dominant methanogens in the rumen, with Methanobrevibacter smithii being the most abundant species. Differences in the abundance of Methanobrevibacter smithii and Methanosphaera stadtmanae genotypes were detected in the rumen of animals offered the LF compared to the HF diet while the abundance of Methanobrevibacter smithii genotypes was different between HRFI and LRFI animals irrespective of diet. Our results demonstrate that while a core group of methanogen operational taxonomic units (OTUs) exist across diet and phenotype, significant differences were observed in the distribution of genotypes within those OTUs. These changes in genotype abundance may contribute to the observed differences in methane emissions between efficient and inefficient animals.
COVID-19: S-Peptide RBD 484–508 Induces IFN-γ T-Cell Response in Naïve-to-Infection and Unvaccinated Subjects with Close Contact with SARS-CoV-2-Positive Patients

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Despite the availability on the market of different anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, there are still unanswered questions on whether they can stimulate long-lasting protection. A deep understanding of adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is important for optimizing both vaccine development and pandemic control measures. Among cytokines secreted by lymphocytes in response to viral infection, IFN-γ plays a pivotal role both in innate and adaptive immunity. In this study, we report on 28 naïve-to-SARS-Cov-2-infection and unvaccinated subjects, having reported a close and prolonged contact with COVID-19-positive patients. Samples were tested for defective genetic variants in interferon pathway genes by whole exome sequencing and anti-IFN autoantibodies production was investigated. Subject T-cells were cultured and infected with pseudotype particles bearing the S proteins and in parallel stimulated with two S-peptides designed on the RBD region of the spike protein. Our results showed that one of these peptides, RBD 484–508, induces a significant increase in IFN-γ gene expression and protein production in T-cells, comparable to those obtained in cells infected by SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus. This work deepens our understanding of immune response and highlights the selected peptide as a reasonable approach to induce broad, potent, and variant concern-independent T-cell responses.
Simulation Research on Boiler Feed-Pump Control System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The feed pump system is controlled by single loop control theory ,but it is truly multivariable system ,so feed pump control system in use exist problems about safety and efficiency.It discusses control system of boiler feed pump with variable speed and analysis the controlled object by Bristol-skinkey , and the controlled object is decoupled by V standard structure ,decoupled equivalent controlled objects are tuned and adjusted by sum time constant approach, the control system are simulated by computer, step response curves are given.Result shows that control system can be regulated respectively, interaction can be eliminated,steady state error is zero, it is better quality. The approaches adapt to feed pump control system and can meet need of engineering ,so those possess practical significance.Figs 6,table 1 and refs 3.
British Army dispatches reporting on Battle of Manipur, 1944

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

<p>British Army dispatches reporting on the Battle of Manipur, part of the Burma Campaign. Front cover annotated “Mani: Indian Army Observer (20 May 1944 – 1 Nov 1944), Battle of Manipur Stories”. Dispatches written by P.R.S. Mani, captain in the British Army. Documents annotated.</p> \n \n<p>Reveals ethnic and religious diversity among Indian troops in British Army. Reveals Mani's intentions as PR officer. Annotations and corrections on dispatches demonstrate working journalism as revisions occur right up to transmission by cable.</p>
Seed Ecology and Environmental Conditions of Hypericum sinaicum, Growing in South Sinai, Egypt

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

There are increasing threats facing the rare plants including the endemic populations. Also the potential development of the earth's vast desert areas for agriculture and other human-needs demands an awareness of the ecological characteristics and requirements of desert vegetation. Saint Catherine area has a unique location and environment. The vegetation and wild life in Saint Catherine area is subjected to great disturbance through the unmanaged human activities. In the present study we had used seed ecology in order to contribute in designing a sound long term conservation plan for the threatened endemic studied medicinal species; Hypericum sinaicum, at two levels; (a) soil seed bank and its relationship to above ground vegetation and (b) the germination response at different conditions and pretreatments on wetted substrate. Hypericum sinaicum grows in Sinai on mountainous sheltered moist crevices and in Hijaz in the extreme north-west of Saudi Arabia and in Edom in Jordan. The results revealed that seven endemic species were identified in soil seed bank; Veronica khaiseri, Hypericum sinaicum, Nepeta septemcrenata, Plantago sinaica, Origanum syriacum, Phlomis aurea, and Primula boveana. Germination treatments on Hypericum sinaicum seeds showed that calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and hot water of 50°C treatment was found to be most effective to improve seed germination depending on doses, while other treatments were efficient to a lesser degree. As a general conclusion, the present study clarified that the behaviour of endemic species along environmental gradients varies greatly, as well as in its strategies in struggling for existence.
General purpose rail-to-rail input circuit with constant behaviour for VLSI cell libraries

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A general purpose rail-to-rail input stage suitable for analogue and mixed signal applications and compatible with modern submicron CMOS technologies, is introduced. The circuit provides, simultaneously, a constant small- and large-signal behaviour over the entire input commonmode voltage range, whilst imposing no appreciable constraint for high-frequency operation. Experimental results are given.
Application of ZnO-Based Nanocomposites for Vaccines and Cancer Immunotherapy

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Engineering and application of nanomaterials have recently helped advance various biomedical fields. Zinc oxide (ZnO)-based nanocomposites have become one of the most promising candidates for biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility, unique physicochemical properties, and cost-effective mass production. In addition, recent advances in nano-engineering technologies enable the generation of ZnO nanocomposites with unique three-dimensional structures and surface characteristics that are optimally designed for in vivo applications. Here, we review recent advances in the application of diverse ZnO nanocomposites, with an especial focus on their development as vaccine adjuvant and cancer immunotherapeutics, as well as their intrinsic properties interacting with the immune system and potential toxic effect in vivo. Finally, we summarize promising proof-of-concept applications as prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines against infections and cancers. Understanding the nano-bio interfaces between ZnO-based nanocomposites and the immune system, together with bio-effective design of the nanomaterial using nano-architectonic technology, may open new avenues in expanding the biomedical application of ZnO nanocomposites as a novel vaccine platform.
Changes in soil microbial biomass and organic C pools improve the sustainability of perennial grass and legume system under organic nutrient management

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The perennial grass-legume cropping system benefits soil because of its high biomass turnover, cover cropping nature, and different foraging behaviors. We investigated the response of soil organic carbon (SOC) pools and their stock to organic and inorganic nutrient management in the Guinea grass and legume (cowpea-Egyptian clover) cropping system.Depth-wise soil samples were collected after harvesting the Egyptian clover. Based on the ease of oxidation with chromic acid, different pools of SOC oxidizable using the Walkley-Black C method, very labile, labile, less labile, non-labile; and dissolved organic C (DOC), microbial biomass C (MBC), and total organic C (TOC) in soils were analyzed for computing several indices of SOC.After 10 years of crop cycles, FYM and NPKF nutrient management recorded greater DOC, MBC, SOC stocks, and C sequestration than the NPK. Stocks of all SOC pools and carbon management index (CMI) decreased with soil depth. A significant improvement in CMI, stratification ratio, sensitivity indices, and sustainable yield index was observed under FYM and NPKF. This grass-legume intercropping system maintained a positive carbon balance sequestered at about 0.8Mg C ha-1 after 10 years without any external input. Approximately 44-51% of the applied carbon through manure was stabilized with SOC under this cropping system. The DOC, MBC, and SOC in passive pools were identified for predicting dry fodder yield. This study concludes that the application of organics in the perennial grass-legume inter cropping system can maintain long-term sustainability, enhance the C sequestration, and offset the carbon footprint of the farm enterprises.
The Influence of Principal Leadership and Teacher Working Group Activities on Teacher Performance at State of Elementary School Cluster III District Kayuagung

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to analyze the influence of leadership of the principal and the teacher working group on the teacher performance of the elementary school Gugus 3, Kayuagung District.This type of research is descriptive.Samples in the study were 51 respondents with data collection techniques in the form of questionnaires.Data analysis techniques used 1) descriptive quantitative analysis techniques; and 2) multiple regression.The results showed that:1) there is a significant influence of the Principal Leadership on teacher performance, 2) there is significant effect of the Teacher Work Group on teacher performance,3)there is a significant influence between the Principal Leadership and the Work Group teachers on teacher performance.
Translating Theory into Practice: Exploring UN Arabian Version of the Politics- Administration Dichotomy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Public Transportation, Automobiles and Walking: Using State Level Data to Examine Obesity in the U.S. Can Chen, Charles E. Menifield Abstract Recent data indicates that people are gaining weight around the world at a record pace and Americans are not immune to this chronic issue. In fact, data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicate that the average adult obesity rate in the United States was 12% in 1990 and grew to 35% in 2014. Given the severity of this problem, governments are obviously concerned with the growing obesity rate and have many reasons to encourage better nutrition and exercise. In this paper, we examine the effects of transportation mode choices on the incidence of obesity. This analysis extends the previous literature by including a series of transportation variables in a regression model examining state obesity rates using pooled data for the periods 2000, and 2004 to 2009. The results show that levels of obesity increases as automobile usage increases. Thus, public transportation has a positive influence on reducing obesity rates. Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.15640/ppar.v5n1a1
THE PROJECT OF NATIONAL INTERNATIONALIZATION STRATEGY OF UKRAINE: THE INTEGRATED MODEL

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Зростаюча міжнародна конкуренція між закладами вищої освіти вимагає від університетів оцінки, удосконалення або розробки нових стратегій, які дозволять їм розширити міжнародну спроможність. Постає необхідність набуття конкурентентних переваг у залученні студентів, особливо – іноземних, включення учасників освітнього процесу до міжародних програм обмінів, виконання спільних дослідницьких проектів, створення програм спільних дипломів тощо. У статті інтернаціоналізація вищої освіти розглядається як комплексний стратегічний процес, що інтегрує програми, заходи та ініціативи, задля зміцнення позицій університету в міжнародному просторі. Метою статті є розробка інтегрованої моделі інтернаціоналізації вищої освіти на іституційному рівні, що поєднує концепції статегічного планування вищої освіти, консолідує комплексні компоненти та підхід залучення стейкхолдерів. Пропонована модель є основою для подальших емпіричних досліджень, а також схемою для практичного планування, що може бути корисною для управлінців у сфері вищої освіти.
LIFETIME OF CHARGED AND NEUTRAL B-HADRONS USING EVENT TOPOLOGY

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The lifetimes of charged and neutral B hadrons have been measured using data collected by the DELPHI experiment at LEP between 1991 and 1993. B hadrons are tagged as jets with a secondary vertex and the charge of the B candidate is taken to be the sum of the charges of the particles in the secondary vertex. Approximately 1,434,000 multihadronic Z0 decays yielded 1817 B hadron candidates. The B purity was estimated to be around 99.1±0.3%, and 83% (70%) of the events measured as neutral (charged) came from neutral (charged) B's. The mean lifetimes of charged and neutral B hadrons were found to be 1.72±0.08 (stat.) ±0.06 (syst.) ps and 1.58±0.11 (stat.)±0.09 (syst.) ps respectively. The ratio of their lifertimes, τcharged/τneutral, was 1.09-0.10+0.11 (stat.)±0.08 (syst.). By making assumptions about the Bs0 and Λb0 states, the B+ and B0 meson lifetimes were determined to be τB+ = 1.72 ± 0.08 (stat.) ±0.06 (syst.) ps and τB+ = 1.63 ± 0.14 (stat.)±0.13 (syst.) ps and the ratio of their lifetimes was: τB+/τB0 = 1.06-0.11+0.13 ±0.10. The mean B lifetime was also deduced to be &lt; τ &gt; = 1.64 ±0.06 (stat.)±0.04 (syst.) ps. © 1995 Springer-Verlag.
Analysis of the variability of facial landmarks in a forensic scenario

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. R. Vera-Rodriguez, P. Tome, J. Fierrez, N. Expósito, F. J. Vega, "Analysis of the variability of facial landmarks in a forensic scenario" in International Workshop on Biometrics and Forensics (IWBF), Lisbon (Portugal), 2013, 1-4.
VCAM1 expression correlated with tumorigenesis and poor prognosis in high grade serous ovarian cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

High expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) has been shown to be associated with several cancers although its role in ovarian cancer development is largely undefined. The purpose of this study is to investigate its role in ovarian cancer using the epithelial cells and ovarian cancer cell lines and correlate its expression with clinicopathologic parameters in ovarian cancer patients. VCAM1 expression was examined via immunohistochemical staining of 251 high grade serous carcinoma samples using tissue microarray. The expression of VCAM1 was silenced in RAS-transformed ovarian epithelial cell lines and two high grade ovarian cancer cell lines. Cell migration was analyzed in vitro and effect on tumor growth was analyzed in nude mice. High VCAM1 expression was found to be was related with response to surgery and chemotherapy drugs (P = 0.025) and elder age at diagnosis (P = 0.008). Cox regression multivariable analysis showed that VCAM1 expression in tumor cells was an independent prognostic factor. Ovarian cancer cells with VCAM1 overexpression, compared with corresponding control cells, had increased cell migration and enhanced growth of xenograft tumors in mice. Our data provide strong evidence that VCAM1 plays an important role in ovarian tumor growth, and it may be used as a prognostic factor and novel therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.