jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
New Labour, Welfare, and Distribution

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Analyses the impact of changes in tax and social security policy since the New Labour government came into office in the UK in May 1997. Looks at the challenges the Blair government faced in 1997 and at what has been new about ‘New’ Labour policies since then. Outlines the key features of these policies, looking in turn at those connected with labour markets, incomes, social exclusion, and public spending. Examines what we know so far about the outcomes of these policies in terms of recent trends in poverty, inequality, and social exclusion, and at what modelling evidence suggests their impact will be, particularly on rates of poverty.
Human leukocyte cathepsin G and elastase specifically suppress thrombin- induced prostacyclin production in human endothelial cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) when activated release products that can potentially injure endothelial cells or alter endothelial function. Exposure of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells to cathepsin G and elastase isolated from human PMN at concentrations reached in vivo (100 ng/mL to 10 micrograms/mL) selectively inhibited thrombin-induced prostacyclin production and the thrombin-induced rise in cytosolic free calcium ([Ca++]i) concentration. These proteases also blocked thrombin-induced release of arachidonic acid from prelabeled endothelial cells (EC). In contrast, induction of prostacyclin (PGI2) production by arachidonate, histamine, or the calcium ionophore A23187 was not altered by treatment of EC with these proteases. The effects of the proteases were concentration-dependent, were blocked by serum or serum protease inhibitors, and were reversed when the endothelial cells were further cultured for 24 hours in the absence of the proteases. Elastase, but not cathepsin G, also produced detachment of endothelial cells. Thus, the major leukocyte proteases selectively suppress thrombin-induced prostacyclin production by human vascular endothelial cells and may alter the hemostatic balance at sites of PMN activation.
Identification of conserved Mycoplasma agalactiae surface antigens by immunoproteomics

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Contagious agalactia represents one of the most relevant infectious diseases of dairy sheep, with Mycoplasma
agalactiae being the primary etiological agent. The early, sensitive, and specific identification of infected animals,
as well as the development of efficient prophylactic tools, remain challenging. Here, we present a comprehensive
characterization of M. agalactiae antigens focusing on those shared among different isolates. Leveraging on
previous proteomic data obtained on individual strains, we adopted a strategy entailing sample pooling to
optimize the identification of conserved proteins that induce an immune response. The liposoluble proteins from
previously characterized field isolates and the type strain PG2T were enriched by Triton X-114 fractionation,
pooled, analysed by one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis, and subjected to western
immunoblotting against sheep sera collected during natural infection with M. agalactiae. Immunodominant antigens
were identified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Time-Of-Flight-Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS).
This combined immunoproteomic approach confirmed the role of several known immunogens, including P80,
P48, and P40, and most variable surface proteins (Vpmas), and unveiled novel immunodominant, conserved
antigens, including MAG_1000, MAG_2220, MAG_1980, phnD, MAG_4740, and MAG_2430. Genomic context,
functional prediction, subcellular localization, and invariable expression of these proteins in all isolates suggest
their possible involvement in bacterial pathogenicity and metabolism. Moreover, most of the identified antigens
elicit a host humoral response since the early stages of infection, persisting for at least 270 days. The immunodominant,
conserved antigen panel identified in this work supports the development of effective vaccines and
diagnostic tools with higher sensitivity and specificity in all the natural infection stages.
Mechanical and electrical characterization of resonant piezoelectric microbridges for strain sensing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work reports on a resonantly operated piezoelectric MEMS strain sensor based on a microbridge structure. The resonator is excited with a sputtered aluminum nitride layer and was fabricated with standard CMOS processing techniques. The mechanical frequency spectra and the mode shapes were studied with a laser Doppler vibrometer. Additionally, an electrical read out was realized by measuring the conductance spectra with an impedance analyzer. Several sensor devices varying in width have been fabricated and the differences in the resonance frequency, the mechanical displacement and the electrical conductance spectra have been evaluated, with a focus on the first two Euler-Bernoulli modes. The buckling behavior of the devices under high compressive external strain was analyzed. Furthermore, the mode veering phenomenon could be observed and is analyzed in detail. To classify this new type of strain sensor a frequency-dependent gauge factor has been defined. It shows that the sensor devices exhibit exceptionally high gauge factors, one to two orders of magnitude higher than conventional strain gauges based on the piezoresistive effect.
Citizens, from consumers to prosumers: e-Government Services Typologies Revisted

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Traditionally, eGovernment services have been classified according to a \nfour step ladder, with increasing complexity, and an underlying assumption that \nthe more complex, the better. In this paper, I argue that this classification is severely \nlimited, in the light of the active role a citizen should be able to play in the society, \nnot only consuming public services, but also being actively involved in \nproducing content in connection to public service provision. Whereas dramatic \nchanges are found in other areas of the IT-world, e.g. in the media where the \ncontributions of individuals are getting just as important as that of traditional \norganizations, and where so-called Web 2.0 services outperform services made in a \nmore traditional manner, these ideas do not seem to yet have reached the \neGovernment sector.
Dystopia in the Skies: Negotiating Justice and Morality on Screen in the Video Game BioShock Infinite

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this article, I analyze the 2013 video game BioShock Infinite as a popular site for the visual display of (in)justice and (im)morality. I contend that it is not so much the game’s ludic elements but its visuality that most forcefully makes a compelling argument against the oppression and discrimination found in the game’s fictional world, the city of Columbia. The game’s visual elements—as part of its larger plot, its narrative background, and the way history is depicted—particularly work to highlight racial and social injustice at the core of Columbia’s society. In turn, the game suggests to draw parallels between these fictional representations and actual US society at the beginning of the twentieth century.
EDUCATION FOR DEMOCRATIC CITIZENSHIP IN POST-CONFLICT SOCIETIES: THE CASE OF KOSOVO

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Democratic education has been considered an effective way to transform long-lasting conflicts into more integrative visions. The case of Kosovo is relevant for this study considering that education has always been at the center of the dispute between Kosovo Albanians and the Serbian community and the parallel education systems constructed in identity lines have created ethnic divisions between the two communities in the public sphere. For deeply divided societies, the challenge stays in the ability to promote diversity, respect for human rights, and inclusive institutions. Considering the impact of democratic education on individual attitudes, this study explores the integration of democracy and civic identity teachings in the secondary school curricula in Kosovo. Through the combination of text analysis of civic education textbooks of secondary educational system and interviews with experts that were actively involved in the curricula organization and the overall education system in Kosovo, the study aims to identify patterns of teaching on democratic concepts and civic identity, together with the teaching and learning methodology. Findings show that democratic norms and values are discussed theoretically but a need-based or a more practical approach to the different perceptions of conflicting identities and socially inclusive strategies must be incorporated.
Research on Image Enhancement of Rural Orchard Security Monitoring under Low Illumination

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

It is great significance to improve the quality of the monitoring image for the low illumination situation and to improve the security of the rural orchard. In this paper, an improved block homomorphic filtering algorithm is proposed to improve the quality of video surveillance image due to low illuminance in real environment. On the basis of image block adaptation and according to different illumination conditions, the filtering effect is improved by adding and adjusting the weight factor of the transfer function, and the blocking edge effect is alleviated by smoothing filtering. In order to solve the problem of low saturation of low illumination image, the image saturation is adjusted hierarchically and the saturation lower than the threshold value is nonlinear pulled up, so as to restore the color saturation of the image as much as possible. The experimental results show that the PSNR, SSIM and IE are improved by 6%, 21% and 4% respectively. Ultimately, it can improve effectively the image quality of orchard video monitoring under low illumination.
Hardware accelerated flow measurement of 100 Gb ethernet

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This demo demonstrates results of a joint research project of CESNET and INVEA-TECH focused on 100 GbE network flow monitoring using FPGA. It shows, to the best of our knowledge, the first flow monitoring setup capable of handling fully saturated 100 G Ethernet line. We present COMBO-CG card that provides accurate timestamps for high-resolution traffic monitoring. The card is complemented by fast DMA engine and optimized Linux drivers which were designed and implemented to achieve 100 Gbps data transfers through PCIe bus with low CPU utilization. Network traffic can be distributed among multiple CPU cores based on configurable hash functions. Our flow exporter is able to fully utilize available CPU cores to provide wire-speed performance for processing of the 100 Gbps traffic. The demo will show complete 100 G flow monitoring setup - from packet generator to flow collector.
9. Internet lexicography in the 21st century

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The era of internet lexicography confronts lexicographers with challenges and opportunities to enhance the quality of the lexicographic practice and to produce dictionaries that help in satisfying the lexicographic needs of the identified target user. This paper focuses on a few dictionary structures that play a significant role in internet dictionaries. The innovative value of dictionary portals as data structures is discussed, with specific reference to portalinternal and dictionary-external structures. Attention is also given to the role of the data distribution structure in allocating data and text types to their appropriate positions and to different ways to employ access structures to achieve rapid access to data. It is indicated that changes in the structures, compared to their occurrence in printed dictionaries, improve the success of dictionary consultation procedure. The paper adheres to the assumption that theoretical lexicography is needed to ensure a successful lexicographic practice.
The Effect of Non Performing Loans, Third Party Funds, and Loan to Deposit Ratio on Credit Distribution

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

One of the financial institutions that has been growing rapidly in supporting financing for small and medium enterprises is the Rural Bank. Based on Law Number 10 of 1998, a Rural Bank is a bank that conducts its business activities either conventionally or based on sharia principles. This study aims to analyze the effect of NPL, TPF, and LDR on credit distribution, both partially and simultaneously, in Rural Banks in Bogor Regency during the period 2018–2022. Additionally, this study seeks to measure the extent to which these three variables contribute to credit distribution. The method used in this study is a quantitative approach with a causal research design. The dependent variable in this study is credit distribution, while the independent variables include NPL, TPF, and LDR. The study population consists of 22 Rural Banks operating in Bogor Regency, with the sample selected using a purposive sampling technique. The sample comprises Rural Banks registered with the Financial Services Authority (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan/OJK) that meet the research criteria. Based on the analysis of the coefficient of determination (R-Square), a value of 0.887 was obtained. This indicates that TPF, NPL, and LDR collectively contributed 88.7% to credit distribution in Rural Banks in Bogor Regency during the 2018–2022 period.
pH Dependence on Colorimetric Detection of Hg<sup>2+</sup> by Histidine-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In this study, we successfully developed gold nanoparticles capped with histidine (His-AuNPs) for Hg2+ detection using trisodium citrate as the reducing agent. The optimum pH for the detection of Hg2+ by His-AuNPs was 12. The addition of Hg2+ to the His-AuNPs caused the color change from red to black-blue, which is readily detectable by the naked eye. This color change is followed by a decrease in the intensity of the primary Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) peak at a wavelength (λ) of 525 nm and an increase in the secondary peak at λ = 650 nm. His-AuNPs effectively detected Hg2+ with limits of detection and quantitation of 1.77 µM and 5.89 µM, respectively. His-AuNPs exhibited good performance for the detection of Hg2+ in waste water collected from a steel industrial facility in Banten Province, with a recovery and a percent relative standard deviation of 115% and 1.02%, respectively.
Lower limb muscle performance during a closed chain single leg squat and a squat jump in people with leg weakness after stroke: A comparative study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To determine if the intention to perform an exercise at speed leads to beneficial alterations in kinematic and kinetic components of the movement in people with post-stroke hemiplegia. Design: Comparative study. Setting: Subacute metropolitan rehabilitation hospital. Participants: Convenience sample of patients admitted as an inpatient or outpatient with a diagnosis of stroke with lower limb weakness, functional ambulation category score ≥3, and ability to walk ≥14metres. Methods: Participants performed a single leg squat exercise on their paretic and nonparetic legs on a leg sled under three conditions: 1) self-selected speed (SS), 2) fast speed (FS), 3) jump squat (JS). Measures of displacement, flight time, peak concentric velocity, and muscle excitation (via electromyography) were compared between legs and conditions. Results: Eleven participants (age: 56 ± 17 years; median time since stroke onset: 3.3 [IQR 3,41] months) were tested. All participants achieved a jump during the JS, as measured by displacement and flight time respectively, on both their paretic (0.25 ± 0.16 m and 0.42 ± 0.18 s) and nonparetic (0.49 ± 0.36 m and 0.73 ± 0.28 s) legs; however it was significantly lower on the non-paretic leg (p < 0.05). Peak concentric velocity increased concordantly with intended movement speed (JS-FS paretic: 0.96 m/s, non-paretic: 0.54 m/s; FS-SS paretic 0.69 m/s, nonparetic 0.38 m/s; JS-SS paretic 1.66 m/s, non-paretic 0.92 m/s). Similarly, muscle excitation increased significantly (p < 0.05) with faster speed for the paretic and nonparetic vastus lateralis. For gastrocnemius, the only significant difference was an increase during nonparetic JS vs. SS and FS. Conclusions: Speed affects the kinematic and kinetic components of the movement. Performing exercises ballistically may improve training outcomes for people post-stroke.
Against the Political Exclusion of the Incapable

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Political exclusion on grounds of incapacity is the primary remaining source of exclusion from the franchise. It is appealed to by states and theorists alike to justify excluding young people (under 18) and many people with cognitive disability from the franchise. Defenders of this exclusion claim that no wrong is done by this exclusion and that states gain some significant benefits from this restricting of the franchise. I have argued elsewhere that political exclusion as currently practiced in modern liberal democratic states in fact causes significant harms, as it excludes some people who have the relevant capacity for political participation. Here, I argue that the exclusion of incapable actors prevents no significant harms to democratic outcomes, and that it confers no significant democratic benefits on the states practising this exclusion. As such, I argue that we ought to heavily modify and perhaps even abandon the capacity standard for political inclusion.
Processing and Recognition of Facial Affect in Schizophrenia

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A deficit in the recognition of facial affect has been well documented in people with schizophrenia. Our 1995 research with normal subjects showed that hemispheric bias for processing facial affect is related to accuracy of recognition of facial affect. We tested whether this relationship holds in a sample of 25 people with schizophrenia who completed tasks of identification of facial affect and chimeric facial affect. Subjects with a left visual-field bias were significantly more accurate in identifying one facial emotion (sad) than were other subjects. Individual differences in hemispheric advantage for processing affect appears to be an important variable related to functional br capacity within different populations.
Assessing the impact of infrastructure for economic competitiveness – evidence from Kosovo

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Extensive and efficient infrastructure is an essential driver of competitiveness. It affects the location of economic activity, kinds of activities of sectors of the economy and their integration into the international value chains. Well-developed infrastructure reduces the effect of distance between regions, trading networks and economic convergence. Transport and communications infrastructure network is a prerequisite for the ability of less- developed countries to connect to the core of economic activities. Effective modes of transport for goods, people and services such as quality of roads, railroads, ports and air transport enable entrepreneurs to get their goods to market in a secure and timely manner and facilitate labour market adjustments. The aim is this paper is to assess the impact of infrastructure for economic competitiveness in Kosovo using the competitiveness methodological approach. The study relies on both static and dynamic qualitative and quantitative data.
Real-time PCR-based quantification of Shigella sonnei in beef and a modified Gompertz equation-based predictive modeling of its growth

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Shigella sonnei shares many physiological aspects with Escherichia coli; thus, so far no culture-based method has been developed to detect and quantify S. sonnei separately from E. coli. Therefore, little information is available for the growth characteristics of S. sonnei in food. This study aimed to address a systematic scheme to quantify S. sonnei in beef separately from E. coli using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and subsequently predict its growth characteristics. The use of S. sonnei-specific primers in qRT-PCR allowed to obtain growth curves of S. sonnei in beef at different temperatures, and the fitting of curves into a modified Gompertz model let us analyze the growth characteristics such as the lag time, maximum growth rate, and maximum quantity of S. sonnei in beef at different temperatures. A systematic scheme for RT-PCR-based quantification and a predictive modeling described in this study may be a useful means to analyze S. sonnei growth in food.
Effect of met-enkephalin and morphine on gastric secretion and blood flow.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The effects of met-enkephalin and morphine on gastric acid and pepsin secretion and gastric mucosal and total blood flow were studied in anaesthetized dogs with an in vivo chambered secretion stomach preparation. It was found that both agents infused intraarterially caused an increase in histamine-induced acid and pepsin secretion and mucosal and total blood flow. The above responses were significantly blocked by naloxone and nalorphine. In the resting stomach both opiates did not induce secretory changes but they increased mucosal and total blood flow. Met-enkephalin and morphine were also effective after intravenous administration. Met-enkephalin but not morphine fails to stimulate acid secretion if given into the portal vein. The likely mechanism of action of opiates on gastric secretion is discussed and a hypothesis of existence of opiate receptors in the gastric wall is presented.
GENOMIC ORGANIZATION, PROMOTER ACTIVITY, AND ACTIVATION BY CCAAT/ENHANCER-BINDING PROTEIN a*

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The obese gene product, leptin, regulates adiposity. Mice homozygous for a nonfunctional obese gene become massively obese and develop diabetes mellitus due to overeating and increased metabolic efficiency. The cDNA sequence of obese was recently reported (Zhang, Y., Proenca, R., Maffei, M., Barone, M., Leopold, L., and Friedman, J. L. (1994) Nature 372, 425‐432; Correction: (1995 Nature 374, 479). We have determined the genomic organization of the 5* end of the mouse obese gene. The coding sequence is in exons 2 and 3. A single TATAcontaining promoter was found upstream of exon 1. A minority (probably ;5%) of the obese mRNA contained an extra, untranslated exon between exons 1 and 2. Transcription of the obese gene was detected only in adipose cells. A 762-base pair obese gene promoter driving a luciferase gene yielded abundant activity in transiently transfected rat adipose cells in primary culture. The obese promoter was inactive in erythroid K562 cells. Deletion of bases from 2762 downstream to 2161 did not affect promoter activity in transfected adipose cells. The 2161 minimal promoter contained consensus Sp1 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) motifs. Cotransfection with C/EBPa (a transcription factor important in adipose cell differentiation) caused 23-fold activation. These data suggest that the obese promoter is a natural target of C/EBPa.