jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Activation Domain-Specific and General Transcription Stimulation by Native Histone Acetyltransferase Complexes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Recent progress in identifying the catalytic subunits of histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complexes has implicated histone acetylation in the regulation of transcription. Here, we have analyzed the function of two native yeast HAT complexes, SAGA (Spt-Ada-Gcn5 Acetyltransferase) and NuA4 (nucleosome acetyltransferase of H4), in activating transcription from preassembled nucleosomal array templates in vitro. Each complex was tested for the ability to enhance transcription driven by GAL4 derivatives containing either acidic, glutamine-rich, or proline-rich activation domains. On nucleosomal array templates, the SAGA complex selectively stimulates transcription driven by the VP16 acidic activation domain in an acetyl coenzyme A-dependent manner. In contrast, the NuA4 complex facilitates transcription mediated by any of the activation domains tested if allowed to preacetylate the nucleosomal template, indicating a general stimulatory effect of histone H4 acetylation. However, when the extent of acetylation by NuA4 is limited, the complex also preferentially stimulates VP16-driven transcription. SAGA and NuA4 interact directly with the VP16 activation domain but not with a glutamine-rich or proline-rich activation domain. These data suggest that recruitment of the SAGA and NuA4 HAT complexes by the VP16 activation domain contributes to HAT-dependent activation. In addition, extensive H4/H2B acetylation by NuA4 leads to a general activation of transcription, which is independent of activator-NuA4 interactions.
U Poshukakh Istorychnoi Pravdy: Zbirnyk Na Poshanu Mikoli Chubatoho, 1889-1975. Ed. HryhorLuzhnyts'kyi and Iaroslav Padokh. New York, Paris, Sydney, and Toronto: Naukove Tovarystvo im. Shevchenka, 1987. xxxii, 548 pp. Illustrations. Photographs. Tables. Cloth.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

U Poshukakh Istorychnoi Pravdy: Zbirnyk Na Poshanu Mikoli Chubatoho, 1889-1975. Ed. HryhorLuzhnyts'kyi and Iaroslav Padokh. New York, Paris, Sydney, and Toronto: Naukove Tovarystvo im. Shevchenka, 1987. xxxii, 548 pp. Illustrations. Photographs. Tables. Cloth. - Volume 50 Issue 2
Chemistry of Transition Metal Complexes with Group 13 Elements: Transition Metal Complexes with Lewis Acidic Ligands

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This chapter covers metal complexes with ligating Group 13 element atoms. Since these elements have ns2p1 electron configurations, they are considered to be Lewis acidic and electron-deficient, with a vacant p orbital. As a result, their complexes show a range of characteristics not found for carbon, such as the existence of three-center-two electron bonds, π-interactions different to those in M–Si compounds, the formation of Lewis acid–base adducts and high reactivity. The first sections are dedicated to examples of boryl and borylene complex synthesis and reactions due to their uniqueness and significant differences to heavier boron congeners. The later sections deal with the remaining Group 13 elements. Bonding in the different structural types is explained in detail, since this is central to understanding the chemistry. A number of approaches to synthesis are covered, with examples of each.
Epidemiology of Lower Leg Fractures at a Colorado Ski Resort

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Category: Trauma; Ankle; Sports Introduction/Purpose: Lower extremity fractures are relatively common among winter sports participants. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the demographics, injury mechanisms and environmental features among patients evaluated for lower leg fractures at a high-volume Colorado ski resort during five consecutive ski seasons. Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive analysis of patients with lower leg fractures at the Denver Health Winter Park Medical Center during the 2012/13 to 2016/17 ski seasons. We included all fractures below the knee (excluding tibial plateau and isolated fibular head fractures) sustained by skiing or snowboarding. Chart review was performed on the patient cohort, confirming diagnosis and evaluating factors associated with these fractures. Results: There were 346 lower leg, ankle, and/or foot fractures (5.4% of all clinic visits) during the study period. The average age was 33.1 years (range 4-74) with the majority being male (60.7%) and mainly as a result of skiing (84.7%). The majority of fractures were sustained among skiers and snowboarders who self-identified as beginner or intermediate skill level (64.8%), and on easy (green) or intermediate (blue) runs (64.9%). The most common fractures sustained were complete tibia-fibula fractures (30.9%) and lateral malleolus fractures (27.5%). More than half (57.0%) of complete tibia-fibula fractures were classified and boot top (mid- shaft just above the ski boot) fractures. The most common type of lateral malleolus fractures was Danis-Weber B (72.0%) with only 5.4% being Weber C fractures. Foot fractures were rare with only 12 total cases (3.5%). Conclusion: Skiers are much more likely to sustain lower leg fractures compared to snowboarders. Men were much more likely than women to sustain lower leg fractures. Most fractures occurred in mild or moderately difficult ski runs relative to advanced runs. Fractures appear to be more common with advancing age. Complete tibia-fibula fractures were the most common fractures sustained in all riders with lateral malleolus fractures being the second most common. Foot fractures are very rare in this population. Given the frequency of these injuries, additional education around prevention may be warranted.
The Effects of Insole-Based Visual Feedback on Weight-Bearing in Patients Undergoing Total Hip Replacement

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study aimed to investigate the visual biofeedback effect of a sensorized system for plantar pressure dynamic evaluation of in patients with a total hip replacement. Experimental group followed the rehabilitation training wearing sensorized insoles that provided images on three monitors. The control group followed the verbal instructions of physiotherapists during training. Weight bearing percentage healthy limb (WBPH), weight bearing percentage surgical limb (WBPS), swing healthy limb (SWH) and swing surgical limb (SWS) improved significantly more in the experimental group. The results underline the effectiveness of visual biofeedback based on sensorized system with dynamic evaluation of the plantar pressure.
Generating Antivirus Evasive Executables Using Code Mutation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The paper is focus around developing a utility tool based on a python component and a C++ stub in order to compile executable Windows files that are capable of staying undetected to Antivirus solutions. The research process was focused around Antivirus software's ability to detect a malicious file and methods of bypassing the identified techniques. Dependencies and auxiliary links of the project are defined as inputs from the user as well as support software and frameworks designed to provide malicious payload with listeners and handlers for the generated shellcode. Overall, the utility tool is able to receive shellcode and one encryption key as input and generate malware in the shape of a Windows executable file that is able to successfully run and bypass Antivirus detection.
Adsorption Separation of Various Polar Dyes in Water by Oil Sludge-Based Porous Carbon

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The pollution caused by printing and dyeing wastewater is increasingly severe, posing significant harm to aquatic plants and animals. In this study, porous carbon was synthesized via the high-temperature pyrolysis of light and heavy organic matter present in oily sludge, utilizing low oil content sludge as the raw material and zinc chloride as a chemical activator. The results exhibited a significant increase in the specific surface area of the oily sludge-based porous carbon, from 4.95 m²/g to 10.95 m²/g. The effects of various parameters such as pH, amount of sorbent, dye concentration, temperature, and contact time on dye removal have been studied. The results showed that the oil sludge-based porous carbon exhibited high efficiency in removing Malachite Green from aqueous solutions, which has low polarity and remains consistently above 97%. The removal rate of Crystal Violet, which is more polar, was as low as 24.14%. The corresponding adsorption capacities were 33.41 mg/g for Malachite Green, 16.41 mg/g for Crystal Violet, and 13.56 mg/g for Methylene Blue. The adsorption capacity of OSC700 for three types of dyes was characterized by monolayer adsorption, primarily driven by chemical adsorption, with significant contributions from electrostatic and hydrophobic effects. The adsorption process was spontaneous, exothermic, and accompanied by an increase in entropy. For less polar substances, the adsorption on oily sludge-based porous carbon is primarily driven by aromatic functional groups on the carbon surface, hydrophobicity, π-π electron-donor-acceptor (π-π EDA) interactions, and surface hydrogen bond formation. In contrast, for more polar dyes, electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions dominate, with electrostatic adsorption being the predominant mechanism and minimal hydrogen bond formation during adsorption.
Epidemiological Evidence Associating Dietary Calcium and Calcium Metabolism with Blood Pressure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fourteen reports have identified an association between lower dietary calcium consumption and higher blood pressure in adults. The relationship between dietary calcium and blood pressure status of humans may be modified by a wide variety of demographic, environmental, life-style, and nutritional factors. Reduced dietary calcium intake may be a proximate cause of several of the reported biochemical abnormalities of Ca2+ metabolism including the reductions in serum ionized Ca2+ concentrations and increases in circulating parathyroid hormone levels. The paradoxical increases in intracellular free Ca2+ observed in hypertension on low dietary Ca2+ intake suggest that a primary defect in the cellular handling of Ca2+ may exist, possible mediated through defective Ca2+ adenosine triphosphatase pump activity.
Radiation from particles moving in small-scale magnetic fields created in solid-density laser-plasma laboratory experiments

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Plasmas created by high-intensity lasers are often subject to the formation of kinetic-streaming instabilities, such as the Weibel instability, which lead to the spontaneous generation of high-amplitude, tangled magnetic fields. These fields typically exist on small spatial scales, i.e., “sub-Larmor scales.” Radiation from charged particles moving through small-scale electromagnetic (EM) turbulence has spectral characteristics distinct from both synchrotron and cyclotron radiation, and it carries valuable information on the statistical properties of the EM field structure and evolution. Consequently, this radiation from laser-produced plasmas may offer insight into the underlying electromagnetic turbulence. Here, we investigate the prospects for, and demonstrate the feasibility of, such direct radiative diagnostics for mildly relativistic, solid-density laser plasmas produced in lab experiments.
Bovine Tuberculosis and the Multidrug Resistance of Mycobacterium

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) caused Mycobacterium bovis, is a chronic infectious disease that primarily affects cattle and can affect other animals also. This zoonotic disease spread around the world, with the exception of Antarctica. Around fifty million cattle are suffering from bTB worldwide. This disease is highly significant to public health, leading to economic losses, especially in countries where livestock are the main source of livelihood. Aerosol mode of transmission is the most common way of infection in cattle and infection also can spread through contaminated material. bTB affected animals will show fluctuating low-grade temperature, weakness, gradual emaciation, decreased appetite and breathing difficulty, wet cough, or tachypnoea. The caseo-necrotic granuloma is the hallmark of TB and which is a process by the host to localize the disease and to allow immune and inflammatory mechanisms to act on bacilli. Treatment is not recommended for bTB due to its infectious nature. Due to its infectious nature, culling is often recommended as part of control strategies in many regions. The drug for treating bTB is Rifampin and Isoniazid. Mycobacterium bovis–BCG vaccination is used for bTB control in India.
Frailty and Associated Environmental Factors Only Have Small Effects on Age of Onset in Huntington’s Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Over one third of age of onset variation in Huntington’s disease is unexplained by CAG repeat length. In Alzheimer’s disease, frailty partly modulates the relationship between neuropathology and dementia. Objective: We investigated whether a multi-domain frailty index, reflecting non-genetic factors in Huntington’s disease, similarly modulates the relationship between CAG repeat length and age of onset. Methods: We created a frailty index assessing comorbidities, substance abuse, polypharmacy, and education. We applied multiple linear regression models to 2,741 subjects with manifest Huntington’s disease from the Enroll-HD cohort study, including 729 subjects with late-onset (post-60 years) disease, using frailty index or constituent item scores and CAG repeat length as independent variables. We used actual and “residual” ages of onset (difference between actual and CAG-based predicted onset) as dependent variables, the latter offsetting the increased time available to accumulate comorbidities in older subjects. Results: Higher frailty index scores were associated with significantly lower residual ages of onset in the late-onset subgroup (p = 0.03), though the effect was small (R2 = 0.27 with frailty as a predictor vs. 0.26 without). Number of comorbidities was also associated with significantly lower residual ages of onset in the late-onset subgroup (p = 0.04). Drug abuse and smoking were associated with significantly earlier ages of onset in the whole cohort (p < 0.01, p = 0.02) and late-onset subgroup (p < 0.01, p = 0.03). Conclusions: The impact of non-genetic factors on age of onset, assessed using a frailty index or separately, in Huntington’s disease is limited.
SCN1A IVS5N+5 Polymorphism and Response to Sodium Valproate: A Multicenter Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: Approximately 30% of epilepsy patients do not response to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). The functional SCN1A IVS5N+5 polymorphism may play a role in response to some AEDs. The purpose of this study was to examine this hypothesis in a cohort study of Malaysian and Hong Kong Chinese epilepsy patients on sodium valproate (VPA) monotherapy and in a meta-analysis. Patients & methods: The SCN1A IVS5N+5 polymorphism was genotyped in 583 Malaysian (84%) and Hong Kong Chinese (16%) epilepsy patients receiving VPA monotherapy. The related association studies, including the current study, were meta-analyzed by using fixed- and random-effects models under various genetic models. Results: A total of 277 (47.5%) and 306 (52.5%) patients were VPA nonresponsive and responsive, respectively. Unlike Chinese and Indian patients, Malay nonresponsive patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy showed significant association, probably caused by the small sample size. Conclusion: The cohort study and meta-analysis did not demonstrate an association between AED responsiveness and this polymorphism. Future studies with a larger sample size of Malays with idiopathic generalized epilepsy are suggested. Original submitted 15 June 2012; Revision submitted 23 July 2012
Intelligent - Miner: The Conceptual and Architectural Design of a Web Based Data Mining Service.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to present the conceptual and architectural design of a web enabled service that supports the implementation of data mining techniques. The particular service is addressed mainly to scientists who lack of data mining domain expertise but want to investigate hidden relationships among their experimental or observational data. A novelty of the proposed service relies on the fact that it proposes a common data presentation format which is scalable, robust and extensible, thus allowing scientists from different applications areas to adapt their raw data and use the proposed service. This particular service introduces the most proper data mining technique by investigating several complementary principles like Bayesian networks, neural networks, decision trees, support vector machines and other core algorithms from the field of machine learning and artificial intelligence. The service has been effectively used in a case study which is briefly described.
New polymerized sesquiterpene lactones from Ainsliaea yunnanensis and their activity evaluation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Two new dimeric and trimeric sesquiterpene lactones (1-2), and nine known sesquiterpene lactones (3-11) were isolated from the EtOAc phase of the ethanolic extract of Ainsliaea yunnanensis. Their structures were identified by NMR, IR and HR-ESIMS spectroscopic methods, and compound 1 was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction experiment. All the compounds were tested for their cytotoxic, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory activities. Compounds 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 showed very significant selective cytotoxic activities on MDA-MB-468, PANC-1, HEPG2 or A549 cells. Compounds 6 and 11 showed very significant inhibiting effect on Epicoccum sp. (CPCC 400307), Fusarium solani (CPCC 800013) or Bacillus subtilis. Meanwhile, compounds 6 and 7 can inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome's activation at the concentration of 10 μM.
Load Control Algorithm in TD-SCDMA Trunking System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Load control is an important component of wireless resource management (RRM). It detect system load in period and provide a suitable solution to make sure that system load below threshold. Load control algorithms can be devised from a multi-cell perspective. This allows the reduction of the load in a given reference cell. In particular, this can be beneficial when service distribution is not homogeneous in the scenario. The paper present an algorithm that forbidden the transmission of users in neighbour cells to reduce the intercell interference in reference cell and thus reduce the load in reference. We can draw the conclusion from the result of simulation that the algorithm perform well.
A Novel Blind GPS Anti-jamming Algorithm Based on Subspace Technique

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a blind adaptive beamforming algorithm for Global Positioning System (GPS) is proposed, which combines the cyclic adaptive beamforming (CAB) algorithm with subspace technique. Compared with the CAB algorithm, the new algorithm can generate high gain toward the satellite direction and form the nulls in the directions of jammers by constraining both the weight vector and control vector of the CAB algorithm to the orthogonal space of the steering vectors of jammers. The proposed algorithm has the advantages such as no requirement of any knowledge of the transmitted signals and the satellite locations, fast convergence speed, and low computation complexity. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm
The effects of species manipulation on growth and survival of an assemblage of juvenile estuarine fish

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Growth and survival of Cyprinodon variegatus, Fundulus heteroclitus, Menidia beryllina, and Lucania parva, held in combination with an omnivorous grass shrimp–Palaemonetes pugio, and a predatory diving beetle Tropisternus lateralis, were measured at 12–60% in outdoor static microcosms that simulate salt marsh ponds. We predicted that the low species richness of this abiotically harsh but highly productive habitat would lead to a high degree of interaction among species. The presence of the beetle had no effect on the fish or the shrimp. Removal of the shrimp similarly had no detectable effect on the fish. There was a trend in proportions of survival among three fish: C. variegatus>F. heteroclitus>M. beryllina. Survival of M. beryllina was greater when it was alone at low densities of its own species (333 v. 667 fish m −3), and less when it was paired with F. heteroclitus. Interactions with other species diminished the growth of M. beryllina. Survival of F. heteroclitus was greater when it was alone at low density (333 m −3), than when the same number were placed together with Menidia and Cyprinodon at a total fish density of 999 m −3. There were no effects of removal of other species on survival or growth of C. variegatus at either 12′5 or 24%. This study showed that a complex array of interactions occurred among six common members of a salt marsh food web, but the degree of interaction Was less than We predicted.
Development of Dynamic Coupling Measurement of Distributed Object Oriented Software Based on Trace Events

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Software metrics are increasingly playing a central role in the planning and control of software development projects. Coupling measures have important applications in software development and maintenance. Existing literature on software metrics is mainly focused on centralized systems, while work in the area of distributed systems, particularly in service-oriented systems, is scarce. Distributed systems with service oriented components are even more heterogeneous networking and execution environment. Traditional coupling measures take into account only “static” couplings. They do not account for “dynamic” couplings due to polymorphism and may significantly underestimate the complexity of software and misjudge the need for code inspection, testing and debugging. This is expected to result in poor predictive accuracy of the quality models in distributed Object Oriented systems that utilize static coupling measurements. In order to overcome these issues, we propose a hybrid model in Distributed Object Oriented Software for measure the coupling dynamically. In the proposed method, there are three steps such as Instrumentation process, Post processing and Coupling measurement. Initially the instrumentation process is done. In this process the instrumented JVM that has been modified to trace method calls. During this process, three trace files are created namely .prf, .clp, .svp. In the second step, the information in these file are merged. At the end of this step, the merged detailed trace of each JVM contains pointers to the merged trace files of the other JVM such that the path of every remote call from the client to the server can be uniquely identified. Finally, the coupling metrics are measured dynamically. The implementation results show that the proposed system will effectively measure the coupling metrics dynamically. KEYWORDS Distributed Object Oriented (DOO) Systems, Software Engineering, Dynamic coupling, Static coupling, Instrumentation, Trace events.