jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Decentralized Solution for Epidemiological Surveillance in Campus Scenarios

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Throughout the various containment phases of a pandemic, such as Covid-19, digital tools and services have proven to be essential measures to counteract the ensuing disrupting effects in social and working interactions. In such scenarios, Nausica@DApp, the comprehensive solution proposed in this paper, eases compatibility of the in-presence activities of a campus-based corporation with the organizational constraints posed by the virus during the pandemic, or at a later endemic stage. This is accomplished throughout several intervention areas, such as personnel contact tracing, crowd gathering surveillance, and epidemiological monitoring. These operational requirements, in particular indirect contact tracing and overcrowd monitoring, call for the adoption of an absolute device localization paradigm, which, in the proposed solution, has been devised on top of the campus WiFi infrastructure, proving to be encouragingly accurate in most cases. Absolute localization, on the other hand, entails a certain amount of server-based centralized operations, which might affect the preservation of user data privacy. The novelty of the proposed solution consists in maximizing confidentiality and integrity in the handling of sensitive personal information, in spite of the centralized aspects of the localization system. This is accomplished by decentralizing contact tracing matching operations, which are entirely carried out locally, by apps running on the users’ mobile devices. Contact data are pseudonymized and their authenticity is guaranteed by a blockchain. Furthermore, the proposed novel solution improves privacy preservation by eschewing recourse to the Bluetooth app-to-app channel for user data exchange, in fact a typical choice of most current contract tracing solutions. Thanks to a sensible use of the blockchain features, integrated into Nausica@DApp’s microservice-based back-end, a higher degree of operation transparency can be relied upon, thus boosting the user’s level of trust and enhancing the availability and reliability of data about people gathering within the campus premises. Moreover, contact tracing only requires the mobile device WiFi interface to be on, so that users are neither forced to adopt new habits, nor to grant additional device access permissions to contact tracing apps (potentially undermining their own privacy). The overall system has been analysed in terms of performance and costs, and the experiments have shown that its adoption is viable and effective.
Semiconductor circuit elements

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Recent advances in the theory of the conduction mechanism in semiconductors and semiconductor-metal systems are reviewed, together with their properties and applications. Since the more important advances relate to systems whose properties depend upon the simultaneous flow of electrons and holes, discussion is limited mainly to those materials, such as silicon and germanium, in which this phenomenon is observed. A brief account is given of the fundamental concepts of semiconductor theory after which such bulk properties of semiconductors as conductivity, behaviour of minority carriers, magnetic effects, noise and optical effects are discussed. Modern theories of rectification and transistor action at metal-semiconductor contacts and p-n junctions are then considered, and descriptions given of the mechanisms and properties of practical circuit elements such as crystal diodes and transistors.
Intraepidermal Glandular Carcinoma of the Nipple (Mammary Paget-like Disease) in 2 Dogs

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Mammary Paget disease, characterized by diffuse infiltration of the nipple and areolar epidermis by carcinoma cells, develops in 1% to 3% of human mammary carcinomas. The purpose of this article is to present 2 cases of intraepidermal adenocarcinoma that resembled human mammary Paget disease, histologically and immunohistochemically, in dogs with underlying mammary carcinoma.
Developing Content-Based Criteria for EFL Textbooks: The Case of Iranian Junior & Senior High School Levels

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

<p>Images are part of the content of the English textbooks and since junior high school curriculum is currently being underdevelopment, developing criteria for the images of the content of high school textbooks needs attentive consideration. The images need to be chosen according to the needs of students and those objectives found at the higher level documents. This research is conducted based on mixed approach in which students’ need is surveyed and data gathered by sifting through the higher level documents. Also, exploring the goals and objectives of the higher level documents, the criteria are obtained and determined by which the content was developed. In addition, the Delphi method is applied to measure the validity of the developed content. The study population at this research consisted of all students in the seventh grade (the first grade of high school), the third grade Secondary School and the first grade high school in five provinces of Iran, including Tehran, Semnan, Kurdistan, Khuzestan and East Azerbaijan counting 394 boys and 396 girls who completed the questionnaire. Also, 10 accessible experts and practitioners in English curriculum participated in developing and validating the criteria. One of the findings of this research indicates that 321 students interested in real images at the first rank and 306 other students fascinated with colored ones, at the second rank respectively.</p>
Wildlife Habitat Management and Changing Forest Practices in the Northeast

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Increasingly intensive management of northeastern industrial forestlands will substantially affect wildlife habitat. Opportunities for increasing wildlife habitat values on the best forest sites may be impractical because high timber management costs preclude loss of wood products to favor wildlife. Wildlife habitat can be enhanced on low-quality timber sites, but inherent site productivity will limit gains. The most practical opportunity for increasing wildlife habitat values usually is on intermediate-quality sites. Increased habitat value can be accomplished by coordinating timber and wildlife-habitat management goals. Gains in wildlife habitat value must be quantified to help offset losses in timber values. Citation: Northern Journal of Applied Forestry, April 1984. NJ 1:12-14.
Minimally invasive ultrasound‐assisted cutting thread tenotomy of the deep digital flexor tendon in horses: An ex vivo study

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective To evaluate the feasibility and limitations associated with a minimally invasive ultrasound‐assisted cutting thread technique for tenotomy of the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) in horses. Study design Ex vivo study. Sample population Twenty cadaveric forelimbs. Methods Forelimbs were placed on a jig to mimic a standing semiflexed position and the midmetacarpal region was prepared to perform tenotomy of the DDFT using a percutaneous technique with a cutting thread. For that purpose, the thread was placed percutaneously around the DDFT (first dorsally and then palmarly) with the aid of a curved 20 gauge spinal needle. Tendon palpation/manipulation and ultrasonographic assessment assisted thread placement. Procedure time and skin puncture size were recorded. Limbs were then dissected to evaluate the degree of DDFT transection and the presence of any iatrogenic lesions. Results The DDFT was completely transected in all cases. Minor lesions of the superficial digital flexor tendon were found in 11/20 limbs and considered clinically irrelevant. However, the neurovascular bundle was damaged in 6/20 limbs (four limbs had nerve damage and two limbs had a nerve and either a palmar artery or vein damaged). The skin puncture hole sizes ranged from undetectable to 5 mm long. The average duration of the procedure was 7 min and 38 s (range: 4 min 56 s to 10 min 19 s). Conclusion A DDFT tenotomy can be performed reliably with a percutaneous cutting thread technique. However, refinement of the technique is required to minimize iatrogenic damage. Clinical significance The reported technique allows a DDFT tenotomy to be performed in a minimally invasive manner and has the potential to be clinically applicable.
Design of Communication: Two Contexts for Understanding How Design Shapes Digital Media

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay examines two contexts for understanding how design informs peoples’ understanding of news and information. The construct of frictionless design articulates how social networking platforms, such as Facebook, employ persuasive design to manipulate user behavior in ways that optimize advertising revenues. This necessitates that scholars critically examine the design elements of digital interfaces such as color, affordances, feedback, and metaphor. I also introduce the design of journalism to contextualize how news organizations have adopted design principles to create personalized news products. This requires that scholars study the new practices, products, and ethical considerations of this convergence.
Dynamic characterizations of biomolecules at nanomolar levels using optical-tweezers-coupled surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) enables ultrasensitive detection through hotspots within metallic nanostructures. However, isolated nanoparticles provide limited enhancement. Herein, we developed a salt-free, reversible dual-trap optical tweezers-coupled SERS platform. This system utilizes optical trapping to manipulate silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), facilitating their collisions and generating dynamic hotspots to amplify the SERS signals of cortisol under various conditions. By comparing spectra under dual-trap, single-trap, and no-trap conditions, we found the signal was significantly enhanced between the two trapping beams, where AgNP collisions were optimized. This dual-trap SERS approach achieved a 10 nM cortisol detection limit, three orders of magnitude lower than non-trapped systems, reaching the physiological range. Hence, the dynamic control of nanoparticle collisions and assembly would advance label-free, ultrasensitive biomolecule detection for diagnostics and health monitoring applications.
<title>FT-IR spectroscopic imaging of tissue thin sections</title>

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

FT-IR microspectroscopy in combination with digital image reassembling methodologies have been used to characterize distinct tissue structures within thin sections from the human prostate. The spatially resolved microspectroscopic data were collected with a resolution near the diffraction limit (about 8 micrometers ) by using a HgCdTe focal plane array detector-based infrared imaging instrument. While IR imaging based on distinct spectral parameters such as intensities, frequency values, or half-widths (the univariate imaging technique of chemical mapping) often gives unsatisfactory results, multivariate data analysis techniques (e.g. hierarchical clustering or principal component analysis) confirmed standard histopathological techniques and turned out to be helpful to discriminate reliably between different tissues structures.
Comparison of Russian assessment of bakery properties of wheat and determination of grain quality using mixolab

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The results of quality research on the Russian soft wheat (67 samples), grown in different soil and climatic conditions and having a wide range of quality factors: the amount of gluten varied from 5.7 (Southern federal district) to 33.2% (Volga federal district), gluten quality - from 9 (Central Federal District) to 128 units. IDK (Southern Federal District), the falling-number value - from 66 to 449 s. (Volga Federal District). The rheological properties of dough were studied using the mixolab device in a classic «Chopin Wheat+» mode. According to the profiler indicators (radial chart), it was established that the test grain was characterized the average by increased water absorption capacity, maximum starch viscosity and retrogradation, as well as by reduced amylolytic activity and dough resistance. Correlation analysis established a close association of the quality factors of grain, especially of the gluten amount, with the quality factors of bread. The calculation of the pair correlation of the profiler indicators and wheat grain quality factors detected a moderate interrelation of water absorption with the gluten amount (0.466) and falling-number value (0.384), of the dough resistance with the gluten quality (-0.438), as well as a strong interrelation of the starch viscosity, amylolytic activity and retrogradation with the falling-number value (0.659; 0.821 and 0.866, respectively). There was not detected a stable interrelation of the «gluten +» index with any of the grain quality factors, but there was a loose correlation of this index with the falling-number value. Regression analysis established the strongest curvilinear relationship between the torque and the falling-number value in the areas of the starch gelatinization, jellification and retrogradation.
Cerebral Acetylcholine in Thiamine Deficiency

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This study assesses the hypothesis that severe thiamine deficiency may lead to a depletion of cerebral ACh, which, in turn, may be responsible for the cerebral dysfunction seen in this condition. Acetylcholine assays were carried out in rats with diet-induced thiamine deficiency resulting in overt neurologic signs and in asymptomatic pair-fed and normally fed controls. The brainstem and cerebellum were assayed, in addition to the cortex, since the former sites exhibit the most significant biochemical alterations in thiamine deficiency. Acetylcholine was assayed by a modification of a specific and accurate fluorometric procedure. For every brain area studied the cerebral ACh concentrations in thiamine-deficient rats exhibiting overt neurologic signs were comparable to values seen in asymptomatic pair-fed controls. This study indicates that thiamine deficiency does not cause an alteration in cerebral regional ACh stores and that alternate mechanisms for the neurologic dysfunction will have to be sought.
A Review of the Impact of Mycotoxins on Dairy Cattle Health: Challenges for Food Safety and Dairy Production in Sub-Saharan Africa

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi that contaminate food and feed and have a significant negative impact on human and animal health and productivity. The tropical condition in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) together with poor storage of feed promotes fungal growth and subsequent mycotoxin production. Aflatoxins (AF) produced by Aspergillus species, fumonisins (FUM), zearalenone (ZEN), T-2 toxin (T-2), and deoxynivalenol (DON) produced by Fusarium species, and ochratoxin A (OTA) produced by Penicillium and Aspergillus species are well-known mycotoxins of agricultural importance. Consumption of feed contaminated with these toxins may cause mycotoxicoses in animals, characterized by a range of clinical signs depending on the toxin, and losses in the animal industry. In SSA, contamination of dairy feed with mycotoxins has been frequently reported, which poses a serious constraint to animal health and productivity, and is also a hazard to human health since some mycotoxins and their metabolites are excreted in milk, especially aflatoxin M1. This review describes the major mycotoxins, their occurrence, and impact in dairy cattle diets in SSA highlighting the problems related to animal health, productivity, and food safety and the up-to-date post-harvest mitigation strategies for the prevention and reduction of contamination of dairy feed.
Dwell position inaccuracy in the Varian GammaMed HDR ring applicator

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Varian has issued two Product Notification Letters warning of known inaccuracies in dwell positions for their GammaMed HDR ring applicator. This inaccuracy was measured for two sets of applicators. Autoexposed radiographs were taken of the HDR source at different dwell positions and analyzed per Varian recommendations using tools within the BrachyVision treatment planning program. Comparison between programmed and actual dwell positions showed the actual positions shifted distally by an average of 0.34 cm (0.17 cm–0.59 cm) across all positions in all rings. A correction method was developed and tested. During planning, the tip of the ring was extrapolated distally beyond its actual position in the patient image set and a proximal offset of the same distance was applied to the dwell positions. A global shift of 0.3 mm corrected all but the most proximal actual dwell position to within mm of the planned position. PACS number: 87.53Jw, 87.56Da
Producer’s Self-Declared Wind Energy ECO-Labeling Consequences on the Market: A Canadian Case Study

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The demand for environmental labels is increasingly becoming important for consumers to differentiate products and to make an informed choice. This study reports the findings of a business case study in Nova Scotia (Canada) that demonstrates how renewable wind energy and wind labeling can extend the competitive advantage of a producer. By using qualitative case study techniques, the study generates evidence which suggests on the firm level that wind energy and labelling influences competitive advantage of firms, can dictate a premium price, can differentiate products, yet achieve a low-cost advantage. Wind labels also have the potential to drive the supply chain’s environmental value to the consumer as the end user by requiring the distribution chain to follow good environmental practices. On the consumer level, in terms of label information, whereby product qualities cannot be evaluated by a search prior to purchase or by experience after purchase, eco-friendliness of the product can take predominance. Not all consumers will buy eco-friendly eggs; instead, there are other factors that drive consumers, such as their opinions towards wind technology, consumer psychographics, personality, and other behavioural determinants and, hence, attract a strong niche market. Finally, for the trust in labels, though the producer does not have third party accreditation, the labels work for them, through the means-end chain analysis where egoistic and altruistic intentions persuade environmental behaviour. As such, this study highlights the probability that in principle, there appears to be an opportunity for wind labelling to be successful; in practice, wind labelling is bound to attract a particular niche market through differentiation strategies.
E-003 delayed reocclusion of recanalized intracranial arteries after mechanical thrombectomy in acute stroke patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose

Occlusions of major intracranial vessels are presented with acute infarcts, which can lead to serious morbidity and mortality. Mechanical thrombectomy is an effective revascularization therapy for acute intracranial large vessel occlusion. Results of mechanical thrombectomy are varied according to the studies. Complications including dissection, hemorrhage, reocclusion are also varied. We reviewed the patients of reoccluded intracranial arteries which had initially recanalized by mechanical thrombectomy.

Methods

We reviewed 180 patients who have undergone Mechanical thrombectomy with Solitaire FR stent from March 2011 to January 2015. We achieved revasculisation (TICI 2,3) in 163 (91%) among 180 patients. But, we experienced delayed reocclusion of recanalized arteries after mechanical thrombectomy in 3 of 163 patients.

Results

Three patients were found with reocclusion of initially recanalized intracranial arteries with mechanical thrombectomy. Two of whom had occlusion of MCA, and one had occlusion of petrous ICA. We suspect the reasons of reocclusion were the dissection of occluded vessels in one patient and the thrombosis of remained thrombus (TICI2a, 2b) in 2 patients. Initial NIHSS (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale) score were 21, 5 and 15, respectively and NIHSS score at discharge were 17, 4 and 15, respectively. For all 3 patients, TICI grade were 2b, 2b and 2a after the first mechanical thrombectomy. Follow-up Angiogram showed complete reocclusion with TICI grade 0. And Final TICI grade were 2a, 2b and 2b, respectively. All three patients had concomitant PTA with balloon catheter.

Conclusions

We reviewed these patients and found that delayed reocclusion of recanalized vessels were noted within 24 h after first mechanical thrombectomy. The factors contributed to these results are assumed as TICI grade before and after the first mechanical thrombectomy. But, further evaluation of factors such as NIHSS score, underlying disease, laboratory findings and follow-up angiogram are needed. Also, procedural complications as vasospasm, dissection and hemorrhage should be investigated.

Disclosures

K. Jang: None. S. Park: None. D. Jang: None. B. Moon: None. Y. Han: None. Y. Park: None.
Apophyseal fracture of the greater trochanter.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Apophyseal fractures about the pelvis and proximal femur are well-described; however, these injuries rarely involve the greater trochanter. We report the case of a 15-year-old boy of large build who appeared to have all signs and symptoms of a left slipped capital femoral epiphysis. No specific inciting event had occurred before the hip pain. Radiographs and bone scan of the capital femoral epiphysis appeared normal, and follow-up radiographs confirmed an apophyseal fracture of the greater trochanter. This case represented a rare occurrence, and its interesting manifestation was similar to that of a slipped capital femoral epiphysis.
Discovery of IHMT-15130 as a Highly Potent Irreversible BMX Inhibitor for the Treatment of Myocardial Hypertrophy and Remodeling

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cardiac hypertrophy is usually accompanied by many forms of heart disease, including hypertension, vascular disease, ischemic disease, and heart failure, and thus effectively predicts the increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Bone marrow kinase in chromosome X (BMX) has been reported to be the major signaling transduction protein in cardiac arterial endothelial cells and is thought to be involved in the pathology of cardiac hypertrophy. We report here the discovery of a potent irreversible BMX kinase inhibitor, IHMT-15130, which covalently targets cysteine 496 of BMX and exhibits potent inhibitory activity against BMX kinase (IC50: 1.47 ± 0.07 nM). Compared to recently approved BTK/BMX dual inhibitor Ibrutinib, IHMT-15130 displayed selectivity over CSK kinase (IC50 > 25,000 nM), targeting of which may cause severe atrial fibrillation and bleeding. IHMT-15130 effectively reduced the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, inhibited the inflammatory signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo, and alleviated angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced myocardial hypertrophy in a murine model. This study provides further experimental evidence for the application of BMX kinase inhibitors in the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy.
Is opportunistic oral cancer screening by dentists feasible? An analysis of the patterns of dental attendance of a nationally representative sample over 10 years.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study suggests that opportunistic oral cancer screening by dentists is not feasible to include high-risk groups as they are not regular attendees over 10 years. Those who would be screened would be the low-risk groups. However, dentists should continue screening all patients as oral precancers are also found in regular attendees. More should be done to encourage the high-risk groups to visit their dentists.