jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
National Impact: Creating Teacher Leaders Through the Use of Problem-Based Learning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article deals with the use of Problem-Based Le arning. The emphasis on high stakes testing, classroom size, diversity, school v iolence, and much more impact public education and professional preparation programs relative to teacher education. Issues are presented dealing with Accre diting Commissions and Professional Organizations, and the use of strategi es for implementing ProblemBased Learning (PBL). Two models are presented describing a system of Traditional Methods of Delivery and the recommended Method of Delivery Using Problem-Based Learning. Professors who employ quality Problem-Based Learning cases in their classrooms provide teacher candidate s the opportunity to experience the process of solving real world problems as oppos ed to reading and memorizing lists of standards, teaching strategies, and qualit ies of effective teachers. Learning in context makes the information real and relevant. Teacher candidates immersed in educational research and knowledgeable about national, professional, and content standards are best equipped to become highly qualified in their fields. As a result they may be prepared to become teacher leaders.
Handling of information in forming expectations

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This dissertation addresses two different kinds of agents, professional forecasters and manufacturing firms, and their means of dealing with information in forming expectations. The first two parts evaluate the macroeconomic forecasting performance of component-wise boosting, a variable selection device to deal with high-dimensional data. We find that boosting not only outperforms the autoregressive benchmark in most cases, but that it is also a serious competitor to other state-of-the-art methods such as forecast averaging and factor models. However, the forecasting accuracy of boosting depends on the method to determine its key regularisation parameter, the number of iterations, with resampling methods dominating information criteria. The third part discusses the role of news media in the expectation formation process of firms. We investigate empirically on a micro level whether the intensity of news coverage and its evaluative tone have an effect on the expectation updating of enterprises that exceeds the impact of actual economic developments. Our findings suggest that a firm’s propensity to update business expectations increases when media coverage becomes more intense. This volume effect is the stronger the more unusual the economic situation is, and becomes especially relevant in economic downturns. The overall tone of news reporting, however, does not play a role for a firm’s decision whether or not to update its business expectations. The final part of the dissertation analyses empirically on the macro level whether mass media as an important transmitter of aggregate news affect comovement of sectoral business expectations as well as of sectoral production. We do not find evidence for the hypothesis that the more intense media coverage of economy-wide news is, the more do business expectations or production comove across sectors because the latter share a greater common basis of information. However, our results suggest that sectoral business expectations become more synchronised in reaction to a negative news tone shock, which is also reflected in a delayed increase of sectoral output comovement.
Development of the market of digital financial assets in the context of ensuring financial sovereignty of Russia

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Currently, in the context of limited external funding, the issues of forming the financial sovereignty of the country are becoming the subject of scientific discourse among Russian economists. The introduction of digital financial assets (DFA) into business practice and their legislative recognition largely ensures the expansion of investment opportunities for economic entities, which will contribute to the end of the stagnant macroeconomic shock of the period of 2021–2024. The work covers solving such scientific problems as clarifying the essential nature of DFA and developing their classification; assessing the process of functioning of the investment market based on the use of digital financial instruments; identifying key limitations in the functioning of the basic institutions regulating the DFA circulation. The authors proposed a clarified formulation of the economic category of digital financial assets, taking into account the peculiarities of its essential nature. An analysis of the functioning of the domestic DFA market is carried out. Among the factors hindering the development of the DFA market, its fragmentation, low liquidity, and weak institutional regulation of the issue and circulation of DFA are highlighted. The authors emphasize the positive effect of the development of the digital infrastructure of the market, in particular, the increase in the number of investment platforms licensed by the Bank of Russia, the reduction of costs of access to them, the development of a market-making system in the secondary market of digital financial assets. The authors believe that the leveling of the contradictions of the investment market should occur due to the improvement of the institutional environment in the field of strengthening control over transactions with digital financial assets, as well as ensuring their mandatory registration, which is absent at the present stage. The development of the domestic market of digital financial assets has significant potential due to, firstly, the desire of economic entities to replace traditional financial instruments with digital ones, which allow reducing significantly transaction and transformation costs; secondly, the expansion of investment opportunities for economic actors through the use of digital platforms and other elements of the digital ecosystem for the purpose of business development; thirdly, the transformation of the traditional business model, which provides for the transition from vertical interaction of entities to a network form of coordination of economic agents using decentralized financial instruments in their activities.
The Instant Centre Pathway as a Parameter of Joint Motion — An Experimental Investigation of a Method of Assessment of Knee Ligament Injury and Repair

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Movement under load is the most demanding function required of a diarthrodial joint. This presentation will illustrate, pertinent to the context of this meeting, the effects on a parameter of movement of certain types of knee ligament injury which are supposed to occur in real life, and the assessment of the capacity of different methods of repair to restore the movement to normal.
Miniopterus natalensis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Miniopterus natalensis (A. Smith 1834) [Vespertilio] natalensis A. Smith 1834, South African Quart. J., 2: 59. Type Locality: Natal, Durban. Vernacular Names: Natal Long-fingered Bat. Subspecies:: Subspecies Miniopterus natalensis subsp. natalensis A. Smith 1834 Subspecies Miniopterus natalensis subsp. arenarius Heller 1912 Distribution: Sudan and SW Arabia to South Africa. Conservation: IUCN 2003 – Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN / SSC Action Plan (2001). Discussion: Formerly included in schreibersii, but apparently distinct; see O'Shea and Vaughan (1980), Koopman (1994), and Peterson et al. (1995).
From paradise to brand

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Metaphors construct social reality, including the actors which populate the social world. A considerable body of research has explored this reality-constituting role of metaphors, yet little attention has been paid to the attempts of social actors to influence the metaphorical structure by which they are constituted. The present article conceptualises the relationship between actor and metaphorical structure as one of mutual constitution. Empirically, it analyses how until the late 1990s Liechtenstein was constructed as an attractive financial centre by metaphors such as haven and paradise, how then a metaphorical shift constituted the country more negatively, before Liechtenstein finally fought back: with the help of the new brand-metaphor and also a professional image campaign the country tried to repair its international image.
Older Adults in Long-Term Care: Fostering Hope Amidst Loss

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

There are an increasing number of older adults who are facing major life transitions and significant losses as they age. Finding a sense of hope among the losses and changes these older adults face is one way they can maintain a quality of life or as some researchers have termed it – successfully age. Social workers are often the front line workers with these older adults and therefore can play an integral role in fostering a sense of hope. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand social workers’ perspectives on their role in fostering a sense of hope among older adults in long-term care facilities. Seven social workers participated in individual semi-structured, flexible interviews, answering ten questions regarding their perspectives of the needs, losses, strengths and hope of older adults in long-term care facilities and how their knowledge and perceptions of those categories influenced their practice. The interviews with these social workers uncovered themes of resilience, family, purpose, humor, time and physical presence and community. Developing an increased understanding of each of these areas will assist social workers as they continue to work with and prepare to work with the increasing population of older adults and their need for hope to maintain a quality life.
Enviromental factors that determine responsiveness of plants to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

アーバスキュラー菌根 （AM） 菌は，陸上植物のうち約8割と共生関係を結んでおり，近年，持続可能な農業に向けた微生物資材として着目されている．しかし，未だに，AM菌資材による接種効果が発揮される環境条件は，圃場試験のメタ解析によっても不明確である．これまでに，著者らは，接種したAM菌 （接種菌） の宿主植物への早期菌根形成・定着が，接種効果が発揮されるための必要条件であるが十分条件ではないことを示した．本総説では，接種菌の早期菌根形成・定着と接種効果を分離して考え，過去の研究と近年報告されたメタ解析を再検証することで，それぞれに関わる環境要因を絞り込み，今後の研究指針を提案する．
Transfer of insulin-binding antibodies from nanny goats to kids.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

In 30 female goats hyperimmunized with bovine insulin, antibody concentrations in serum were determined by radioimmunoassay. Blood samples were taken from the newborn lambs immediately after birth and during the 12 weeks thereafter. Twin lambs were separated and reared in either a colostrum-fed or a colostrum-deprived group. Bovine insulin was added to the milk rations of colostrum-deprived lambs. At the age of 10 weeks, these kids were given a single dose of 1 IU of insulin in combination with complete Freund's adjuvant. Colostrum from nanny goats was also secured for further investigations. Most of the hyperimmunized adult goats responded with the development of insulin antibodies. Their kids were born without these specific immunoglobulins, but several hours after they were allowed to suckle colostrum, the antibody concentration reached values comparable with the values measured in the nanny's blood. Colostrum-deprived kids did not show an increase in binding capacity. The addition of insulin to the milk rations of bottle-fed kids did not act as a primer in antibody production. Immunoglobulins in blood serum of nanny goats and kids and in colostral whey belong mainly to the IgG class. These results indicate that in goats, maternal insulin antibodies are transferred from nanny to offspring only by colostrum.
Microbial responses to oxidative stress

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A host’s defense system utilizes reactive oxygen species to damage bacterial cells. This project was commissioned to investigate the oxidative stress-induced changes in gene expression levels and how these transcriptional changes result in changes in bacterial phenotypes. Experiments were carried out mainly on two strains of Escherichia Coli, namely the wild-type W3110 Strain and the mutant LW12 Strain. The mutant E.coli is a strain which has its luxS gene (responsible for AI-2 production) deleted. The deletion resulted in a slower growth rate and subsequent lower metabolite production. The effects of this difference in metabolite production was investigated in a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) assay followed by a Colony Forming Unit (CFU) counting procedure to determine cell viability in environments with varying oxidative stresses. The metabolites produced by the cells during cell growth were thought to contain substances which could buffer the effects of oxidative stresses. This hypothesis was rigorously tested in the H2O2 array experiment. Besides using H2O2 to provide oxidative stress to the cells, ethanol was also used to treat the cells in a separate set of experiments. Ethanol was thought to have chaotropic effects on cells and therefore was used to provide the stress on the cells. The results of the experiments were tabulated and analyzed.
A case of subacute hepatic failure associated with benzbromarone

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

46歳男性. 痛風にて平成13年7月より benzbromarone(商品名: ユリノーム) を処方された. 平成14年1月に肝機能障害と黄疸が出現し, 劇症化が危惧され, 当院紹介入院. ウイルス感染, 自己免疫疾患, 代謝性疾患が否定され, 本薬剤による薬物性肝障害と診断した. 入院後, 肝性脳症が出現し, 劇症肝炎の診断にて人工肝補助療法を開始したが, 肝不全が進行し死亡した. 死亡時の肝組織像では軽度の炎症細胞浸潤を認め, 薬物性肝障害に矛盾しない所見であった. 本薬剤による肝機能障害の発生機序は不明とされているが, 今回の症例にて本薬剤と中間代謝産物の血中濃度測定を行ったところ, いずれも著明な高値を示したことより, 薬物代謝異常が原因である可能性が示唆された. また, 本症例のように服用開始6カ月以降でも重篤な肝機能障害を発症するため, 長期にわたる肝機能検査が必要であり, 異常を認めた場合には薬剤の減量, 中止を考慮することが重要と考えられた.
Transmitting Encrypted Databy Wavelet Transform andNeural Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With development of Information and inmanyapplications. Communication Technology, Datatransmission becomes more Telephone line isacommunication toolthat isusedfor critical daybyday.Higher security fortransmitting datais manyapplications fortransmitting andreceiving datalike especially required. Therefore; wedesigned anewmethodto World Wide Web. Statistic investigations in one transmit dataonthephoneline wherethere isnospeech signalcommunication center inIran, showthat there isabout57% onit. non-speech signal onthephoneline. Letussuppose asituation Statistic investigations inonecommunication center inIranshow inwhichyouaretalking toyourfriend onthephoneline. You thatthere isabout57%non-speech signal onthephoneline,dial thenumbers, andsayHello andwaitforyourfriend's Because apersonononesideofthephoneline speaks andthen reply andthencontinue yourtalking. Inthiswaiting timea waits tohearthevoice oftheother person ontheother sideand, capacity on thephone lineisnotusedandwe plan tosend therefore; thisnon-speech signal hasa goodcapacity for encrypt data onit. transmitting data. Thisproject canbedivided infourparts. Thefirst partisthe automatic classification ofspeech signal fromnon-speech using feature vectors derived fromthewavelet analysis. Thesecond input partistheclassification ofspeech andnonspeech signals using signal neural network. Forrecognizing this twocluster (speech signal andnon-speech signal), weusedNN.Thethird partisencrypting dataandforth partistransmitting encrypted dataonnon-speech windowing signal onthephoneline.
Advances in the Therapeutic Management of Hyperlipidaemia: Integrating Cholesterol Biology, Pharmacological Innovations, and Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Systems

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This comprehensive review elucidates the complex pathophysiological underpinnings and evolving therapeutic landscape of hyperlipidaemia, with a primary emphasis on the molecular biology of cholesterol metabolism and transport. It critically examines recent pharmacotherapeutic advances, including HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, while also delineating the integration of nanotechnology-enabled drug delivery systems aimed at enhancing bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, the article synthesizes contemporary clinical guidelines and explores the multifactorial influences of genetic predisposition, dietary intake, and dysregulated lipoprotein dynamics. Special attention is given to solubility enhancement strategies that address pharmacokinetic limitations of lipid-lowering agents, underscoring their relevance in optimizing clinical outcomes in hyperlipidaemic patients.
[Sensitivity to antibiotics of bacteria from nosocomial infections. Evolution in resuscitation services of military hospitals].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The evolution of the susceptibility to antibiotics in intensive care units reflects the antibiotic pressure and level of cross-transmission. High rates of meticillin-resistance among staphylococci, of resistance to beta-lactams antibiotics among P. aeruginosa and of ciprofloxacin among Enterobacteriaceae are shown in this study. The implementation of appropriate strategies for surveillance and prevention is necessary.
Action mechanism of the overturning retainer and the slipper of axial piston machines

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

There is abnormal wear and fracture of the retainer in the faulty piston pump. To investigate the early failure mechanism of the fractured retainer, a model for the calculation of the transient contact between the overturning retainer and the slipper is presented. The equations of the trajectory between the overturning retainer and the slipper are established based on the transformation matrix and the operating mechanism of the slipper in the oil sucking and discharging areas. The trajectory of the push points between the overturning retainer and the slipper is solved. The failure mechanism of the retainer extrusion wear is determined. The results show that with the increase of the degree of overturning, the degree and range of extrusion and wear between the failure retainer and the slipper is increased. The research elucidates the failure mechanism of the retainer and lays the foundation for the dynamics modeling and coupling vibration analysis of the overturning retainer.
Local immunoglobulin production is different in gastritis associated with dermatitis herpetiformis and simple gastritis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The degree of inflammation and atrophy in gastric body mucosal specimens (n = 38) from 28 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) was graded histologically. Immunoglobulin (Ig) producing cells were enumerated by paired immunofluorescence staining in a 500 microns wide section area from the muscularis mucosae to the lumen (mucosal 'tissue unit'). The number of immunocytes of the three main classes (IgA, IgM, and IgG) was significantly raised with increasing degree of gastritis. All three classes were increased in specimens showing atrophy compared with those without atrophy. IgA cells predominated as in simple gastritis, but a striking difference was a marked increase of IgM cells in specimens with the most pronounced DH-associated gastritis. Relative class distribution of immunocytes within different mucosal zones showed that the percentage of IgA cells was significantly higher in the luminal than in the basal zone, whereas the contrary was true for IgG cells. IgM cells did not show any zonal preference. No relation was seen between small bowel and gastric lesions. The disproportionate increase of gastric IgM producing cells in DH might nevertheless reflect seeding of precursor cells of the secretory immune system generated in the proximal small intestine where the local IgM response is relatively pronounced.
Examining Human Rights Derogation in State Emergencies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Safeguarding human rights is the obligation of every nation under international human rights laws. However, some situations require a nation to restrict individual rights to protect public interests. Responding to COVID-19 provided a great example for Vietnam to review its legal ground for regulating limitations on human rights to prevent its expansion. However, the question remains: what are the legal grounds for executive agencies to limit citizens� rights under the international standards on human rights protection? These precautionary measures support the prevention of the risks and damage caused by illegal acts or emergency cases, such as national disasters. Vietnam encounters legal issues, including the absence of comprehensive legal frameworks and delegating legislative authority during state emergencies. It also encounters inefficient mechanisms for reviewing the rationality and viability of preventive measures imposed by executive bodies. Consequently, safeguarding human rights according to international norms poses a significant challenge. This study explores Vietnam's solutions for handling the COVID-19 pandemic and suggests reforms to the country's legal framework regarding preventive measures. Keywords: State Emergency, Enforcement Measures, Legal Issues, Derogation of Human Rights, Vietnam
[Primary cancer of the gallbladder].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The records of 60 patients with gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) operatively treated between 1966 and 1993 at Belen Hospital, Trujillo, Perú, were retrospectively reviewed. The ratio of men to women was 1:7.5 and the average of age was 61 years. The accuracy of ultrasonography and oral cholecystograms for the specific diagnosis was 21% and 0% respectively. The surgical procedures employed were simple cholecystectomy (n = 56), right hepatectomy (n = 2). Whipple operation (n = 1) and extended cholecystectomy (n = 1), and our resectability rate for GBC is currently 50%. Simple cholecystectomy was a potentially curative surgical procedure in patients with in situ cancer (stage O) and early GBC (stage 1). In hospital mortality was 11.6% and 5-year survival rate for the total series was 15%. Gallstones were present in 95% of patients and most tumors (58%) had grown by diffuse infiltration or were associated with empyema (38%). Tumor stage, depth of invasion, tumor grade histologic type were all predictive of patient outcome. This report reinforces the difficulty in diagnosis and the poor prognosis for patients with GBC. We hold the view that more radical approaches for invasive cancers will enhance the operative results.
Digital earth: yesterday, today, and tomorrow

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The concept of Digital Earth (DE) was formalized by Al Gore in 1998. At that time the technologies needed for its implementation were in an embryonic stage and the concept was quite visionary. Since then digital technologies have progressed significantly and their speed and pervasiveness have generated and are still causing the digital transformation of our society. This creates new opportunities and challenges for the realization of DE. ‘What is DE today?’, ‘What could DE be in the future?’, and ‘What is needed to make DE a reality?’. To answer these questions it is necessary to examine DE considering all the technological, scientific, social, and economic aspects, but also bearing in mind the principles that inspired its formulation. By understanding the lessons learned from the past, it becomes possible to identify the remaining scientific and technological challenges, and the actions needed to achieve the ultimate goal of a ‘Digital Earth for all’. This article reviews the evolution of the DE vision and its multiple definitions, illustrates what has been achieved so far, explains the impact of digital transformation, illustrates the new vision, and concludes with possible future scenarios and recommended actions to facilitate full DE implementation.