jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
GEOLOGIC AND ENGINEERING CONTROLS ON THE PRODUCTION OF PERMAFROST–ASSOCIATED GAS HYDRATE ACCUMULATIONS

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In 1995, the U.S. Geological Survey made the first systematic assessment of the in-place natural gas hydrate resources of the United States. That study suggested that the amount of gas in the gas hydrate accumulations of northern Alaska probably exceeds the volume of known conventional gas resources on the North Slope. Researchers have long speculated that gas hydrates could eventually be a commercial resource yet technical and economic hurdles have historically made gas hydrate development a distant goal rather than a near-term possibility. This view began to change over the past five years with the realization that this unconventional resource could be developed in conjunction with conventional gas fields. The most significant development was gas hydrate production testing conducted at the Mallik site in Canada’s Mackenzie Delta in 2002. The Mallik 2002 Gas Hydrate Production Research Well Program yielded the first modern, fully integrated field study and production test of a natural gas hydrate accumulation. More recently, BP Exploration (Alaska) Inc. with the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Geological Survey have successfully cored, logged, and tested a gas hydrate accumulation on the North Slope of Alaska know as the Mount Elbert Prospect. The Mallik 2002 project along with the Mount Elbert effort has for the first time allowed the rational assessment of the production response of a gas hydrate accumulation.
A Pastoral Theological Reflection on Multicultural Care

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

우리나라는 이미 다문화사회로 진입했고 다문화사회의 사회적 문제들과 마주하게 되었다. 이미 UN 인권위원회에서 우리나라가 다문화적 상황 속에서 인권, 인종차별, 다문화적 지원과 사회정책, 사회인식의 문제들을 어떻게 대처하며 풀어나가고 있는지 주목하고 있다. 이러한 다문화적 상황에서 건강하고 효율적인 다문화적 돌봄이 요구된다고 할 수 있다.BR 우리나라의 교회는 지금까지 이어져온 다문화적 돌봄의 방향과 기본적 태도를 점검하며 다시 정립할 필요가 있다. 사회적 변화에 적절하게 돌봄을 제공하며 교회의 사명을 온전히 감당할 수 있도록 스스로를 뒤돌아보고 새로운 돌봄의 신학을 세워가야 할 것이다. 우리나라의 상황에 적절하고 효율적인 다문화적 돌봄을 위해서는 이 문제에 목회신학적으로 다가갈 필요가 있다. 목회신학적 접근을 통해 돌봄의 본질을 재확인하고, 돌봄의 범위를 확장시켜 나가며, 돌봄의 방법을 구체화해야 할 것이다.BR 이 글은 목회신학적 방법론에 근거하여 우리나라의 다문화상황에 대한 목회돌봄을 증진시킬 수 있는 이론과 실제를 다루고 있다. 먼저, 다문화적 상황에서 야기되는 고통의 현장과 돌봄의 현장을 살펴보고, 이어서 다문화적 돌봄을 지원하는 교회의 신학적 입장에 대해 비판적으로 고찰한다. 교회의 신학이 다문화적 돌봄에 있어서 치료하기(curing)의 접근을 지향해 왔지만, 우리가 궁극적으로 돌보기(caring)의 접근에 관심을 갖고 추구해야 할 것이다. 끝으로, 다문화적 돌봄의 신학적 입장과 다문화적 목회돌봄의 실행에 대한 기본적 태도와 자세를 제안한다.
Chiral crossover versus chiral density wave in dense nuclear matter

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We employ a model based on nucleonic and mesonic degrees of freedom to discuss the competition between isotropic and anisotropic phases in cold and dense matter. Assuming isotropy, the model exhibits a chiral phase transition which is of second order in the chiral limit and becomes a crossover in the case of a realistic pion mass. This observation crucially depends on the presence of the nucleonic vacuum contribution. Allowing for an anisotropic phase in the form of a chiral density wave can disrupt the smooth crossover. We identify the regions in the parameter space of the model where a chiral density wave is energetically preferred. A high-density reappearance of the chiral density wave with unphysical behavior, as seen in previous studies, is avoided by a suitable renormalization scheme. A nonzero pion mass tends to disfavor the anisotropic phase compared to the chiral limit and we find that, within our model, the chiral density wave is only realized for baryon densities of at least about 6 times nuclear saturation density. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
[Postoperative complications--what is often? What is rare?].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The postoperative course after major (elective) digestive surgical procedures was prospectively analysed in 5693 patients. Postoperative complications were documented in 553 patients (9.7%). There were general complications (not related to surgery) in 97 patients (17.5%) and surgical complications (related to surgery) in 456 patients (82.5%). The most frequent surgical complication was abdominal sepsis in 72.1% followed by postoperative bleeding (17.1%) and others (10.7%). The leading cause for abdominal sepsis was anastomotic leakage in 207 patients (70.2%). Bedside diagnostic procedures like sonography, analysis of fluid drainage and endoscopy could identify the underlying problem of abdominal sepsis in 60.9% of cases. The mortality rate of all studied patients was (113/5693 patients) 1.9%.
Performance of a computational Bayesian approach for active localization of a mobile scatterer in a refractive ocean environment

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Underwater active acoustic systems that employ limited aperture arrays suffer from reduced processing gain and poor angular resolution, thereby hindering inferential objectives such as localization and tracking. Accurate localization is further challenged by the short conventional coherence-time associated with mobile bodies and dynamic environments. A computational Bayesian approach is presented and expanded here, for joint inference of range, depth, and speed of a submerged mobile scatterer in a refractive and multipath environment [Barros and Gendron, JASA-EL, 2019]. The Gibbs-sampling based approach infers the joint posterior probability density (PPD) of the pressure field wave vectors associated with the angle/Doppler spread arrivals and then maps their joint PPD to the target state joint PPD through acoustic ray interpolation. Performance analysis at high frequencies and relevant ranges using simulated acoustic fields are presented. The posterior uncertainty is investigated as a function of aperture and SNR, and we summarize the PPD using posterior credible intervals. A bound on posterior variance due to uncertainty in sound speed is provided and explored using profiles from the HYCOM database.
Cyclotron-resonance studies of strongly coupled double quantum wells in tilted magnetic fields near the quantum and semiclassical limits

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Far-infrared cyclotron-resonance (CR) spectroscopy has been used to study a pair of strongly coupled two-dimensional electron gases (2DEG's) which were formed in two GaAs quantum wells and separated by a thin ${\mathrm{Al}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{As}$ barrier. The degree of wave-function hybridization, along with the effect of a magnetic field parallel to the plane of the electron gas, have been investigated near both the quantum and semiclassical limits, corresponding to low and high filling factors, respectively. Near the quantum regime, the CR transitions in the presence of a small parallel field reveal anticrossing between the Landau levels associated with different hybridized subbands. The energies and intensities of these transitions change with front gate bias, yielding information on the bias dependence of the wave-function hybridization and the subband energy splitting. Close to the semiclassical limit and with strong parallel magnetic fields, two CR peaks are observed. The corresponding cyclotron masses are compared to those expected for noncircular Fermi contours created by anticrossing of the parabolic dispersion curves associated with the coupled 2DEG's. Experimental results in both limits are discussed in the light of predictions from self-consistent solutions of Poisson's and Schroedinger's equations.
Friction and adsorption properties of normal and high‐oleic soybean oils

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The steel/steel boundary friction properties of soybean oil (SBO) and high‐oleic soybean oil (HOSBO) are compared. HOSBO is significantly more saturated than SBO and more oxidatively stable. Changes in degree of unsaturation affect lateral interactions of adsorbate molecules, which in turn affects their adsorption and, hence, their boundary lubrication properties. To investigate this possibility, the free energies of adsorption (Δ G ads ) of SBO, HOSBO, and methyl laurate (ML) were determined from the analysis of friction‐derived adsorption isotherms using the Langmuir and Temkin adsorption models. The results showed a stronger adsorption for the vegetable oils than for ML, an indication of multiple interactions between the ester groups of the triglycerides and the steel surface. The result also showed no difference in the Δ G ads values of SBO and HOSBO obtained using either the Langmuir or Temkin models. This was interpreted as an indication of the lack of appreciable net lateral interaction between triglyceride adsorbates.
Maitreya's Distinguishing the middle from the extremes (Madhyāntavibhāga) along with Vasubandhu's commentary (Madhyāntavibhāga-bhāṣya) : a study and annotated translation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Madhyantavibhaga is classified by later Indian, Chinese, and Tibetan traditions as belonging to the Yogacara school, and is considered to be one the treatises of Maitreya. The text offers a treatment of some key doctrines of the Mahayana, including the three-nature theory and the doctrine of emptiness, which is addressed in a specifically Yogcra manner. This volume is divided into two parts. The first part contains a study of the text, including an introduction to Yogacara philosophy, an overview of the Madhyantavibhaga-corpus, and a detailed exegesis of the text, incorporating interpretations offered in recent scholarship. The second part contains a fully annotated translation of the text and its commentary, making significant use of Sthiramati's subcommentary in the notes. Published by American Institute of Buddhist Studies (AIBS)
Genetic Signatures of Positive Selection in Human Populations Adapted to High Altitude in Papua New Guinea

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Papua New Guinea (PNG) hosts distinct environments mainly represented by the ecoregions of the Highlands and Lowlands that display increased altitude and a predominance of pathogens, respectively. Since its initial peopling approximately 50,000 years ago, inhabitants of these ecoregions might have differentially adapted to the environmental pressures exerted by each of them. However, the genetic basis of adaptation in populations from these areas remains understudied. Here, we investigated signals of positive selection in 62 highlanders and 43 lowlanders across 14 locations in the main island of PNG using whole-genome genotype data from the Oceanian Genome Variation Project (OGVP) and searched for signals of positive selection through population differentiation and haplotype-based selection scans. Additionally, we performed archaic ancestry estimation to detect selection signals in highlanders within introgressed regions of the genome. Among highland populations we identified candidate genes representing known biomarkers for mountain sickness (SAA4, SAA1, PRDX1, LDHA) as well as candidate genes of the Notch signaling pathway (PSEN1, NUMB, RBPJ, MAML3), a novel proposed pathway for high altitude adaptation in multiple organisms. We also identified candidate genes involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, and angiogenesis, processes inducible by hypoxia, as well as in components of the eye lens and the immune response. In contrast, candidate genes in the lowlands are mainly related to the immune response (HLA-DQB1, HLA-DQA2, TAAR6, TAAR9, TAAR8, RNASE4, RNASE6, ANG). Moreover, we find two candidate regions to be also enriched with archaic introgressed segments, suggesting that archaic admixture has played a role in the local adaptation of PNG populations.
No. 187. The Port of Crio in Natolia. No. 188. The Gulf of Simia in Natolia. No. 191. The Port of Candia in Candia Island. No. 192. The Port of Spinalonga in Candia Island. J . S., Sc. (to accompany) The new Mediterranean Harbour pilot. By William Heather ... London : Printed for and published by J.W. Norie and Co., 1814.

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

4 engraved nautical charts of Mediterranean Sea on 1 plate. each 15x19. Including: Chart Nos. 187-188, 191-192.
Internal magnetic finishing of micro hole for aerospace component

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Today, the aviation industry is one of the fastest growing sectors of the world’s economy, leading to a great demand for aircraft which greater fuel efficiency to travel further. This has led to the development of new powerful aircraft engines which operate at high temperatures to ensure efficiency. One of the areas which needs to be improved is the efficiency of heat removal of the engine turbine compressor blades. A solution for this involves micro holes being built into the blades to increase the rate of heat loss through convection. To achieve the best possible airflow efficiency, the internal walls of the micro holes require good internal surface finishing. Currently, there are limited internal finishing technologies available for small sized holes, especially so for complex geometries. Therefore new process technology is needed for the internal finishing of these complex holes. The objective of this project is to investigate the development of a novel micro internal finishing technology using a magnetic field for micro passage. This project will focus on evaluating the feasibility of applying the Internal Magnetic Finishing technique on a straight SUS 304 stainless steel pipe. The experimental parameters will be varied through different experiments, to identify the best possible combination to maximise the efficiency of the Internal Magnetic Finishing technique. The capability of the Internal Magnetic Finishing technique will then be evaluated through the observation of the amount of material removed and the surface roughness. In conclusion, the Internal Magnetic Finishing technique can be used for the surface enhancement of the internal surfaces of the stainless steel pipes. Further research has to be done on the application of the Internal Magnetic Finishing technique on other aerospace materials. It can also be further tested on the various combinations of the parameters such as the ratio of rod diameter to the inner diameter of the workpiece and workpiece geometry.
Former female combatants and the civil war peace process: lessons learned in the contrasting experiences of Guatemala and Mozambique

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Former female combatants are rarely, if ever, engaged in the negotiations of the civil war peace process, despite the existent international resolutions and rhetoric for their inclusion. There is a void in the “Gender and Development” literature, addressing the linkage between the role of former female combatants in the civil war peace process and benefits towards the engenderment of the outcomes. The question under examination, “How do former female combatants impact the civil war peace process when involved, and what were the initial outcomes of the former female combatants in different case studies (one case study with their inclusion versus one case study with their exclusion)?”, will address this issue in the context of two specific case studies Guatemala, and Mozambique. Overall, the inclusion of female former combatants within the accords, does open the space for women as key protagonists of development, but does not equate to inclusive equality post-conflict.
Census 2010 Demographic Profile: Marion County

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This demographic profile describes characteristics of the local and state population based on results from the 2010 Census.\nThe decennial census is an official enumeration, or count, of all residents on April 1st of the census year. The results of the census provide us with information about basic demographic characteristics of the population, including age, race, ethnicity, household composition, housing occupancy, and housing tenure.
A Simple Theory of Trade, Finance and Firm Dynamics

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract A stylized monopolistic competition model of international trade is proposed where firms differ with respect to the expected economic lifetime of their innovations. Upon entry, they receive a commonly observed signal which is updated over time. Jointly with partial irreversibility of investment, this generates heterogeneity in effective discount rates and, thus, in the cost of finance. In line with evidence, the model predicts a negative correlation between firms' financing costs and their age. Over a firm's life cycle, per period net profits and the export participation probability grow. Exporters are less likely to exit than purely domestic firms. Belief updating entails excessive financing of incumbents relative to entrants and too much exporting. Asymptotically, trade liberalization reduces overall general equilibrium exit rates, but it does not necessarily increase welfare. With multiple asymmetric export markets, firms gradually expand their market coverage and total sales. A confidence crisis modeled by belief reversion causes an over‐proportional decrease in exports, thereby offering a novel interpretation of the trade slump in 2008/09.
HUMAN TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS INFECTIONS AND THE BACHMAN PRECIPITIN TEST*

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article HUMAN TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS INFECTIONS AND THE BACHMAN PRECIPITIN TEST Get access GEORGE W. HUNTER, III GEORGE W. HUNTER, III Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 13, Issue 1, 1 January 1931, Pages 311–319, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117119 Published: 01 January 1931 Article history Received: 22 May 1930 Published: 01 January 1931
Changes in Gene Expression During Senescence/Immortalization of Mouse Embryo Fibroblasts

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Certain combinations of oncogenes also cooperate both to immortalize and to transform primary cells, although it is not clear that immortalization is a direct effect of the activities of the genes. Thus, new patterns of gene expression following chromosomal rearrangements or ill-defined epigenetic changes, possibly involving known oncogenes or as yet unidentified loci, are thought to confer important new growth properties upon cells within the mortal population. The influence of culture conditions on the phenotype of the cells after selection for growth in vitro indicates that adaptive responses and differential gene expression likely play significant roles in establishment. The increase in the cytoplasmic abundance of mRNA species encoding Mitogen-Regulated Protein (MRP) and murine leukemia virus proteins has been followed during the senescence and immortalization of mouse embryo cells passed according to a 3T3 regimen. Alternatively, MRP/proliferin could participate more indirectly by influencing the sensitivity of the immortal fibroblasts to another serum growth factor such as insulin-like growth factor.
Electrical Energy Storage Factual Status Document: Resource Document for the Workshop on Basic Research Needs for Next Generation Electrical Energy Storage, March 2017

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Electrical energy storage is of growing importance to energy – with increasing use in transportation and on the electrical grid. Batteries are used in all types of vehicles, but have increased in importance with the growth of hybrid and all-electric powered vehicles. For the electrical grid, batteries have a wide diversity of applications from grid stability to storage of electricity generated when the load is low so it is available when there is more demand. Distributed generation of electricity by solar panels and wind generation are also drivers for enhanced energy storage. In both industries, a key enabler will be low-cost batteries with long life, excellent safety, and superior performance. In addition to these two big markets, consumer electronics powered by rechargeable batteries continues to grow into new areas with the advent of wearable technology, internet-of-things, and virtual reality. Today’s energy storage technologies fall far short of the requirements for many of these growing applications. Because of these technology gaps, advances in energy storage are expected to play a critical role for a secure energy future. This document was produced in preparation for a Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Basic Energy Sciences Workshop titled “Basic Research Needs for Next Generation Electrical Energy Storage.” This workshop will identify key basic research directions that could provide revolutionary breakthroughs needed for meeting future requirements for electrical energy storage. This document was intended to provide a high-level assessment of current technologies used for electrical storage—focusing specifically on batteries and electrochemical capacitors—and to define requirements that are foreseen for the future application of these technologies in transportation vehicles, stationary storage applications, and consumer electronics. Thus, it provides a common background for the workshop participants and sets the technological basis for the workshop.
Utilization of green mussel shell waste for calcium carbonate synthesis through the carbonation method with temperature variation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In this study, PCC (precipitate calcium carbonate) was synthesized from green mussel shell waste via calcination and subsequent carbonation methods. Organic substances were removed from green mussel shell powder using a 5-hour calcination at 900 °C. Furthermore, the carbonation method was used in the Ca (NO 3 ) 2 solution at constant stirring speed with pH control by NH 4 OH, followed by the injection of carbon dioxide at 50, 70, and 90 °C temperature variations to precipitate calcium as CaCO 3 (PCC). According to Rietveld’s quantitative XRD analysis, PCC products at 50 °C, 70 °C, and 90 °C exhibited primarily calcite and aragonite phases, with a significant needle-like morphology of aragonite growth during synthesis. Aragonite growth appears to have increased with increasing temperature. The results show that a simple, low-cost approach to green recycling works.
UNCERTAINTY-BASED TRUST ESTIMATION IN A MULTI-VALUED TRUST ENVIRONMENT

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Despite the widespread usage of the evaluation mediums for online services by the clients, there is a requirement for a trust evaluation tool that provides the clients with the degree of trustworthiness of the service providers. Such a tool can provide increased familiarity with unknown third party entities, e.g. service providers, especially when those entities neither project completely trustworthy nor totally untrustworthy behaviour. Indeed, developing some metrics for trust evaluation under uncertainty can come handy, e.g., for customers interested in evaluating the trustworthiness of an unknown service provider throughout queries to other customers of unknown reliability. In this research, we propose an evaluation metric to estimate the degree of trustworthiness of an unknown agent, say a D , through the information acquired through a group of agents who have interacted with agent a D . This group of agents is assumed to have an unknown degree of reliability. In order to tackle the uncertainty associated with the trust of these set of unknown agents, we suggest to use possibility distributions. Later, we introduce a new certainty metric to measure the degree of agreement in the information reported by the group of agents in A on agent a D . Fusion rules are then used to measure an estimation of the agent a D ’s degree of trustworthiness. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that estimates trust, out of empirical data, subject to some uncertainty, in a discrete multi-valued trust domain. Finally, numerical experiments are presented to validate the proposed tools and metrics.