jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cloning by Gibson Assembly v1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Gibson assembly is a molecular cloning method that allows for the joining of multiple DNA fragments in a single, isothermal reaction. It is named after its creator, Daniel G. Gibson, who is the chief technology officer and co-founder of the synthetic biology company, Telesis Bio. - Wikipedia Daniel G. Gibson, of the J. Craig Venter Institute, described a robust exonuclease-based method to assemble DNA seamlessly and in the correct order, eponymously known as Gibson Assembly. The reaction is carried out under isothermal conditions using three enzymatic activities: a 5’ exonuclease generates long overhangs, a polymerase fills in the gaps of the annealed single strand regions, and a DNA ligase seals the nicks of the annealed and filled-in gaps. This method has been widely adopted and is a major workhorse of synthetic biology projects worldwide.
L’ 'Ifigenia' sofoclea: analisi delle fonti e ricostruzione della trama drammatica

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper will analyse the scant fragments of Sophocles’ Iphigeneia, not only to point out the status quaestionis on the subject, but also to put forward a hypothetical re-creation of the plot. In the first part, I will examine the myth, highlighting the variants adopted by different authors; in this way, it will be possible to assess whether the choices made by Sophocles are influenced by previous versions of the myth or offer themselves an original rendittion. In the second part, I will deepen Sophocles’ fragments. My work will then offer a case study on the myth of Iphigeneia and will show the extent of the variations that have been adopted in ancient Greek literature. The spread and fortune of the myth will be exemplified by a comparative table, a useful tool to better understand the genesis of the most peculiar of myths.
Study of Gelsemine. II. The Bromination and Nitration of Gelsemine

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudy of Gelsemine. II. The Bromination and Nitration of GelsemineT. Q. Chou and T. T. ChuCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 3, 827–828Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01848a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01848a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views64Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Review on mechanisms of cholecystokinin(CCK) and anti-CCK antibodies in modulating feed intake and utilization of anti-CCK antibodies in practice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cholecystokinin(CCK) can depress feed intake.The mechanisms of CCK and anti-CCK antibodies in modulating feed intake were summarized,and the further substitution of anti-CCK antibodies as the new green additive for antibiotic was also disscused.
American Aedes vexans Mosquitoes are Competent Vectors of Zika Virus

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Starting in 2013–2014, the Americas have experienced a massive outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) which has now reached at least 49 countries. Although most cases have occurred in South America and the Caribbean, imported and autochthonous cases have occurred in the United States. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes are known vectors of ZIKV. Little is known about the potential for temperate Aedes mosquitoes to transmit ZIKV. Aedes vexans has a worldwide distribution, is highly abundant in particular localities, aggressively bites humans, and is a competent vector of several arboviruses. However, it is not clear whether Ae. vexans mosquitoes are competent to transmit ZIKV. To determine the vector competence of Ae. vexans for ZIKV, wild-caught mosquitoes were exposed to an infectious bloodmeal containing a ZIKV strain isolated during the current outbreak. Approximately 80% of 148 mosquitoes tested became infected by ZIKV, and approximately 5% transmitted infectious virus after 14 days of extrinsic incubation. These results establish that Ae. vexans are competent ZIKV vectors. Their relative importance as vectors (i.e., their vectorial capacity) depends on feeding behavior, longevity, and other factors that are likely to vary in ecologically distinct environments.
DSL-Based Configuration of Solid Referential Management System: A Case Study

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

For the last decade, uebe.Q is being adopted by companies in different business areas and countries for managing compliance with solid referential information systems, such as ISO 9000 (for quality) and ISO 1400 (for environment). This is a long-term developed software, encompassing extensive, solid and valuable business logic. When it is deployed for/on a company, it usually demands an extensive and specific adaptation (i.e. software refinement) and configuration process involving DigitalWind's ISO 9000 and ISO 1400 experts as well as software development and operation teams. However, a recent business model change imposed that the evolution and configuration of the software, shifts from DigitalWind (and especially from the development team) to external consultants and to other business partners, along with the fact that different third-party's systems and respective data/information need to be integrated with minimal intervention of the development team. This paper presents and overview of the re-engineering process taken to handle this business model change by adopting (i) ontologies for the specification of business concepts, (ii) closed-world assumption (CWA) rules for the specification of the dynamics of the system and (iii) Domain Specific Language (DSL) for the configuration of the system by domain/business experts. The DSL approach is further described in detail.
Remastering the art of French cooking: Adaptation, anamnesis and authenticity in Julie & Julia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Using questions of fidelity and authenticity as a starting point, this article reads the presence of nostalgia and the longing for authenticity in the complex mise en abyme of adaptations at the heart of the film Julie & Julia (Ephron 2009): the original blog The Julie/Julia Project (2002-2004), the novel Julia & Julia (2005) and Julia Child's Mastering the Art of French Cooking (2001). The study suggests the concept of anamnesis, not re-enactment but remaking, to explain the particular fidelity of this series of adaptations, and argues that this concept helps to articulate the ongoing faith of audiences in authenticity and fidelity.
Paranetiese deparabolisering van paroesie-gelykenisse by die Sinoptici en die Openbaring aan Johannes

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Paraenetic deparabolization of parousia parables in the Synoptics and the Revelation of John The relevance of the contributions made by the early Christian prophets to the traditions of the Jesus-logia is at stake. When the author of Revelation probably uses Synoptic parable traditions in 2:7; 3:3 and 16:15, he literally transformed it by using the method of paraenetic deparabolization. This was done to apply his message to new receivers in a new situation.
Living in-between: The Uses of Marginality in Sociological Theory

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

It may seem that the concept of marginality has already been thoroughly studied and sometimes even considered as a useless and obsolete theoretical notion. however, in this article I develop the notion in a novel way with regard to recent theoretical debates on the social implications of shifting borderlines in the contemporary world. The notion of “marginal man” introduced by Robert Park is central for my approach since it embodies the “spatial—social” interaction. I construct and use the nexus of space, time and movement to account for the analytical capacities of this concept. The article covers mainly the spatial aspects of marginality and its connotations. I outline two main approaches to the ideal type of the “marginal man” in the paper: 1) the spatial-functional approach (traced back to simmel’s notion of stranger), which focuses on the essential functions of stranger for a group border, and 2) “formal”— making approach to multiple borders (and particularly shifting ones) that shape “marginal’s” identification as placed in-between borders and challenge the orderliness of bordered space. The central task of the marginality research is not to classify different “strangers” and “marginals”, or to describe their conditions, self-identities, and psychological controversies, but to depict social processes responsible for “marginalization”, exclusion, and enabling liminal positions. in this article I argue that the analytical vista of the “marginality” concept can be extended beyond the individual/personal framework and include social institutions (in the example of citizenship).
Energy crops in Australia: sugar cane

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Sugar cane is one of the most efficient and productive plants for storing solar energy as plant material. Approximately 35 per cent of the energy stored in the mature whole cane plant is soluble carbohydrate and 65 per cent is fibre. These figures can be compared with about 45 per cent fibre and 55 per cent soluble carbohydrate in the millable cane stalk. Sugar cane fibre is used as the main source of process heat in sugar manufacture. It could also fuel ethanol distilleries. Other potential uses for cane fibre include conversion to ethanol by hydrolysis and fermentation of the sugars formed or gasification to methanol. The fibre content of sugar cane can be increased substantially by breeding and selection if economic processes for converting cellulose to liquid energy products are developed. Average cane and sugar yields in Queensland over the past ten years were 80.2 Tonnes cane. Sugar production in Australia is currently restricted to about three million tonnes, produced from a gross assigned area of 355 000 hectares. Another 285 000 hectares are suitable for cane production. If all of the potential increase in sugar production were converted to ethanol, it would produce about 2.4 Gigalitres or 12 per cent of Australia's current motor spirit and automotive distillate consumption. Utilisation of cane tops, trash and surplus bagasse could produce 4.2 Gigalitres methanol equivalent to 21 per cent of national transport fuel requirements. Technology for ethanol production from sugar is known although research for satisfactory disposal of effluent from continuous distillery operation is required. Technology for economic harvesting and transport of crop residues is yet to be developed and a process for gasification has not passed the demonstration stage (a).
Socio-political discourses of the development of music education in Bosnia and Herzegovina before and between the two world wars

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Professional music education framed in institutional forms had a thorny path of development in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was a result of complex socio-political circumstances.Indeed, the first official data on nourishing music teaching in BiH date back to the period of Austro-Hungarian administration, when the Western European practice that arrived with the Monarchy officials became part of the socio-cultural daily life -previously unknown to the broader circles of Bosnian and Herzegovinian population. 1 However, the first unofficial data on practicing and consuming the pro-European oriented musical practice date back as early as to the Ottoman period -and are related to narrow diplomatic circles, gatherings of beys and consuls to which local population did not have access.Thus, these were sporadic phenomena and by no means a well-established practice at a formal socio-cultural level.Therefore, data available to the history of music in BiH to date are scarce, and one of the first proofs of informal music teaching is related to the name of Anna Simonis -wife of Ottoman army leader Omer Pasha Latas, who converted to Islam after her marriage and took the 1
Potential to improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) by use of perennial mobile green manures

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Supplying nitrogen (N) to crops by incorporating N 2 -fixing green manures into soil can improve soil functioning and increase soil carbon storage. However, as with N-fertiliser use, excess mineral N from decomposed green manures can be lost via leaching as NO 3 − and emitted as the greenhouse gas N 2 O. To improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) we propose supplying leaf matter harvested from permanent stands of N 2 -fixing plants grown ex-situ as perennial mobile green manures (PMGMs), thus allowing flexible timing of additions to synchronise with N demand. To assess the effectivity of PMGM use, we monitored crop N uptake, biomass production and soil mineral N from fertilisation by three potential PMGM species, Alnus glutinosa (alder), Gunnera tinctoria (gunnera), and Ulex europaeus (gorse), compared to the conventional green manure Trifolium pratense (red clover) and NH 4 NO 3 fertiliser. Effectivity of N fertilisation by PMGMs increased with the duration of their use. In the first season of a field experiment, crop N uptake after addition of 200 kg N ha −1 within gunnera was equivalent to that from only 14 kg NH 4 NO 3 -N ha −1 , but after two yearly harvests with annual gunnera additions it increased to 70 kg NH 4 NO 3 -N ha −1 year −1 equivalent. In a 1-year pot experiment, PMGMs resulted in equal or higher crop biomass than clover-fed crops, with lower soil NO 3 − (≤ 25 mg N L −1 soil solution) than in clover-treated soil (≥ 130 mg N L −1 ). We conclude that PMGMs have potential to increase NUE over that of traditional green manures and discuss the feasibility and possible agro-ecological benefits of PMGM-fed systems.
LONG-TERM STEWARDSHIP AT DOE HANFORD SITE - 12575

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Hanford Site is located in southeast Washington and consists of 1,518 square kilometers (586 square miles) of land. Established in 1943 as part of the Manhattan Project, Hanford workers produced plutonium for our nation's nuclear defense program until the mid 1980's. Since then, the site has been in cleanup mode that is being accomplished in phases. As we achieve remedial objectives and complete active cleanup, DOE will manage Hanford land under the Long-Term Stewardship (LTS) Program until completion of cleanup and the site becomes ready for transfer to the post cleanup landlord - currently planned for DOE's Office of Legacy Management (LM). We define Hanford's LTS Program in the ''Hanford Long-Term Stewardship Program Plan,'' (DOE/RL-201 0-35)[1], which describes the scope including the relationship between the cleanup projects and the LTS Program. DOE designed the LTS Program to manage and provide surveillance and maintenance (S&amp;M) of institutional controls and associated monitoring of closed waste sites to ensure the protection of human health and the environment. DOE's Richland Operations Office (DOE-RL) and Hanford cleanup and operations contractors collaboratively developed this program over several years. The program's scope also includes 15 key activities that are identified in the DOE Program Plan (DOE/RL-2010-35). The LTS Program will transition 14 land segments through 2016. The combined land mass is approximately 570 square kilometers (220 square miles), with over 1,300 active and inactive waste sites and 3,363 wells. Land segments vary from buffer zone property with no known contamination to cocooned reactor buildings, demolished support facilities, and remediated cribs and trenches. DOE-RL will transition land management responsibilities from cleanup contractors to the Mission Support Contract (MSC), who will then administer the LTS Program for DOE-RL. This process requires an environment of cooperation between the contractors and DOE-RL. Information Management (IM) is a key part of the LTS program. The IM Program identifies, locates, stores, protects and makes accessible Hanford LTS records and data to support the transfer of property ultimately to LM. As such, DOE-RL manages the Hanford LTS Program in a manner consistent with LM's goals, policies, and procedures.
Active control design for acoustic radiation using mixed-norm optimization

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The interpretation of system norms is important in the design of optimal control laws. The infinity-norm allows for stability analysis even when the design model contains errors or uncertainties. H∞ robust control design makes use of this property. In many physical situations the two-norm can be related to system energy and is a more meaningful measure of performance. This is the basis of control designs such as LQR/LQG. Traditionally, optimal control laws are designed with respect to one of these norms. New methods in solving linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), however, make it possible to directly solve optimization problems whose cost functions involve a mixture of norms. In this work linear matrix inequalities are used to design controllers which suppress acoustic radiation from a driven plate. Specifically, a rectangular aluminum plate is instrumented with four piezoelectric sensoriactuators which provide both sensing and actuation. A laser Doppler velocimeter is used to measure velocity of the plate over a grid of points. Radiation filters predict far field acoustic power from the velocity measurements and are used for the design of optimal control laws. Both experimental and simulated results are presented which show the benefit of mixed norm control design made possible using LMIs.
Enhancing Well-being in Medical Practice: Exploring Interventions, Costs, and Effectiveness for Improving the Work Lives of Non-Consultant Doctors

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This research project holds significant importance against the backdrop of the NHS crisis and the persistent challenge of retaining junior doctors. As the healthcare system grapples with increasing demands and resource constraints, understanding and implementing effective interventions for non-consultant doctors become paramount. By investigating and analyzing interventions aimed at improving the working lives of junior doctors, the study aims to contribute valuable insights that can enhance their job satisfaction, work-life balance, and overall well-being. The ultimate goal is to address the root causes of the difficulty in retaining junior doctors, thereby promoting a more resilient and sustainable healthcare workforce. This research is crucial for informing policies and strategies that not only benefit individual doctors but also strengthen the foundation of the NHS, ensuring its ability to provide high-quality healthcare services in the face of ongoing challenges.
Survival of cryptosporidium parvum, escherichia coli, faecal enterococci and clostridium perfringens in river water: influence of temperature and autochthonous microorganisms

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum can survive for several months in surface water, one of the main factors determining their success in environmental transmission and thus their health hazard via water. Several factors in the environment, e.g. temperature, presence of predators and exo-enzymes will probably influence oocyst survival. The high persistence of oocysts may also limit the value of traditional faecal indicator bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine the rate at which C parvum oocysts, E coli, faecal enterococci and C perfringens spores die in surface water and the influence of temperature and the presence of autochthonous (micro)organisms on the die-off rate. Microcosms with autoclaved river water were inoculated with the organisms. Microcosms with untreated river water were inoculated with concentrated primary effluent containing the bacteria and with C parvum oocysts. Microcosms were incubated at 5°C or 15°C at 100rpm. Viability of oocysts was monitored by in vitro excystation and dye-exclusion; viability of the bacteria was determined on appropriate selective media. When pseudo first-order die-off kinetics were assumed, the die-off rate of oocysts at 5°C was 0.010 log10/d and at 15°C, 0.006–0.024 log10/d. These rates underestimate die-off since oocyst disintegration was not accounted for. Incubation in autoclaved or untreated water did influence the die-off rate of oocysts at 15°C but not at 5°C. The die-off rate of E coli and enterococci was faster in the non-sterile river water than in autoclaved water at both temperatures. At 15°C, E coli (and possibly E faecium) even multiplied in autoclaved water. In untreated river water, the die-off of E coli and enterococci was approximately 10x faster than die-off of oocysts but die-off rates of C perfringens were lower than those of oocysts. As for oocysts, die-off of the bacteria and spores was faster at 15°C than at 5°C. Oocysts are very persistent in river water: the time required for a 10x reduction in viability being 40–160d at 15°C and 100d at 5°C. Biological/biochemical activity influenced oocyst survival at 15°C and survival of both vegetative bacteria at 5 and 15°C. The rapid die-off of E coli and enterococci makes them less suitable as indicators of oocyst presence in water. As C perfringens survived longer in untreated river water than oocysts, it may prove useful as an indicator of the presence of C parvum.