jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Antiandrogen withdrawal syndrome (AAWS) in the treatment of patients with prostate cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Antiandrogen withdrawal syndrome is an unpredictable event diagnosed in patients with hormone-sensitive prostate cancer treated with combined androgen blockade therapy. It is defined by prostate-specific antigen value reduction, occasionally associated with a radiological response, that occurs 4–6 weeks after first-generation antiandrogen therapy discontinuation. New-generation hormonal therapies, such as enzalutamide and abiraterone acetate, improved the overall survival in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, and recent trials have also shown the efficacy of abiraterone in hormone-sensitive disease. In the last few years, several case reports and retrospective studies suggested that the withdrawal syndrome may also occur with these new drugs. This review summarizes literature data and hypothesis about the biological rationale underlying the syndrome and its potential clinical relevance, focusing mainly on new-generation hormonal therapies. Several in vitro studies suggest that androgen receptor gain-of-function mutations are involved in this syndrome, shifting the antiandrogen activity from antagonist to agonist. Several different drug-specific point mutations have been reported. The association of the withdrawal syndrome for enzalutamide and abiraterone needs confirmation by additional investigations. However, new-generation hormonal therapies being increasingly used in all stages of disease, more patients may experience the syndrome when stopping the treatment at the time of disease progression, although the clinical relevance of this phenomenon in the management of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer remains to be defined.
Total Quality Management and employees' involvement: A case study of an Australian organisation

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Although much has been said about people being the primary resource in an organisation practising Total Quality Management (TQM), this area has been neglected by many companies implementing TQM. This paper presents a detailed case study of an Australian organisation that is recognised as a 'quality' company and discusses a number of issues relating to employee involvement. The case study finds that employee involvement was a major focus of the company when TQM was first implemented. However, this was lost when the company became more outward focused. The lack of ongoing employee involvement at the shop-floor level has been identified as a major reason for the non-sustainability of TQM in the organisation.
Sustainability Assessment of Hydrated Cement Treated Crushed Rock Base (HCTCRB)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Hydrated Cement Treated Crushed Rock Base (HCTCRB), an advanced pavement material developed by Main Roads Western Australia in 2003 has experienced relative success in its application on major freeway projects in Western Australia. However, with its prematurity in the industry, its potential impact and long term benefits have yet to be assessed. The development of HCTCRB was motivated by reservation against the use of cement treated base (CTB) which is prone to cause reflective cracking induced by dry shrinkage of cementitious stabilisers. HCTCRB differs from the conventional CTB that it is stockpiled and retreated before construction. However, it has been presented that through proper shrinkage mitigation measures, CTB can be utilized with great success as seen in its extensive use in China, South Africa and the United States of America. This paper therefore investigates the sustainability, in terms of environmental and economical factors, surrounding HCTCRB and CTB and assesses a sustainable solution based on a multi criteria approach.
Eleventh British Universities Siberian Studies Seminar: 11–15 September 2006, Vladivostok

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The 11th British Universities Siberian Studies Seminar (BUSSS) took place from the 11th to the 15th of September 2006 in Vladivostok and was hosted by the Pacific Institute of Geography of the Far Eastern Section of the Russian Academy of Science. Entitled “Siberia and the Russian Far East: Past, Present and Future,” the meeting marked the 25th anniversary of BUSSS and was attended by around 40 participants from all over the world
Go urban or stay rural: determinants of young farmers staying in or leaving agricultural field (a case study in Cisondari, West Java, Indonesia)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Although agriculture workforce plays an important role in agricultural development, aging workforce in agriculture is often put in the periphery. The interest of youth in agriculture is declining due to the diminishing popularity of agricultural field compared to non-agriculture sector in term of future personal welfare security. However, Cisondari, a village in Bandung Regency showed an anomaly. Organic farming in that area is proliferating and growing and is motored by the youths. This study aims to identify the determinants of young farmers for choosing to stay in the rural area and develop their agriculture, despite its adjacent location to Bandung city and amid high rate of urbanization; and how their role contributed to the development of organic farming in the area. The study applies sequential exploratory mixed methods, which relies heavily on qualitative approach which is then complemented by quantitative approach. Data were collected through in-depth interview to key informants, participant observation, field observation, document and artefact analysis; while quantitative data were collected through structured interviews to selected respondents. The results showed that farmers characteristics, innovativeness, and environment became the most dominant factors in determining their motives to stay in rural areas.
Histo-pathological study of pulp response to a composite resin restoration with two lining materials.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

This histopathological study investigated the pulp reaction to a restoration system employing a posterior composite resin with or without the pulp protection of visible light curing calcium hydroxide composition and alpha-TCP cement lining to dentin. Black's class V cavities were prepared in 120 adult dog teeth. They were then extracted for histological examination. As a result of this study, their lining materials were found to be effective in pulp protection. To understand the pathological finding, the pH values of "Fulfil", "Universal bond", "VLC Dycal" and "Vitacemen Type II" were measured. The pH levels of "Fulfil" and "Universal Bond" were mildly acidic (4.79-5.18) before polymerization, with no subsequent changes. "VLC Dycal" was initially a strongly alkaline (11.75) and remained this condition. "Vitacemen Type II" was initially acidic (3.78), but eventually reached the milder acidity of 5.12 after 24 hours.
DEFENSE EXPENDITURES, FISCAL DEFICIT AND DEBT SERVICING NEXUS: A CASE STUDY OF PAKISTAN

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

A number of the countries in the world are breathing under the shadow of hostilities and terror. Many developing countries squander major part of their GDP on defense to sustain their sovereignty. Border clashes with India and Afghanistan, Pakistan has to spend massive budget on defense. Therefore, Pakistan has been facing fiscal deficit every year. Moreover, Pakistan’s external debt servicing creates hurdles to increase per capita GDP. For this empirical finding for the time period from 1981-2019, the Johansen co integration and Granger causality tests are used. The empirical results indicate the existence of co-integration. The estimation shows that the defense expenditures and debt servicing statistically significant and negatively affect the per capita GDP, while fiscal deficit reveal the positive and significant impact on the same. The results confirm the existence of one-way causality between fiscal deficit and debt servicing, while causality runs from fiscal deficit to debt servicing.
Code-switching and L2 students in the university: bilingualism as an enriching resource

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper discusses pedagogical and conversational functions of Estonian-Russian codeswitching (henceforth CS) in the university classroom setting. Based on the data from university classroom bilingual interactions, this study will contribute to the current discussion of CS in the classroom and fill an important gap in existing research, as well as to the understanding of its conversational roles. The students and the teacher in this study are speakers of Russian as L1 and of Estonian as L2. However, the former have a more limited knowledge of the Estonian language. Thus, the interactions are characterized by varying levels of Estonian mastery by the participants. A switch to L1, whether initiated by the teacher or the student, aims to increase the efficacy of information conveyance. Short switches help to bridge a gap in the discourse. The results show that during lectures or seminars students use Russian as the language with which they feel most comfortable and in which they enjoy greater competence.
An Enduring Affinity: Deconstructing the Mechanisms and Evolution of Irish Soft Power in United States Politics (2005–2025)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper offers a focused analysis of Ireland’s distinctive and persistent influence on United States politics from 2005 to 2025. Despite its modest size, Ireland exerts a disproportionate impact not through hard power but via an evolving soft power strategy. The study employs a qualitative review of scholarly articles, policy documents, and government reports to map how Ireland’s influence has been shaped by major events such as the 2008 global financial crisis, Brexit, and significant global economic reforms. Central to this influence are three interconnected mechanisms. First, the cultivation of a strong, if diverse, Irish American identity provides a valuable base for political engagement and cultural resonance in the U.S. Second, institutionalized diplomatic traditions—most notably the annual St. Patrick’s Day visit of the Taoiseach to the White House—afford Ireland consistent and direct access to the highest echelons of American leadership. Third, Ireland’s pivotal role in the Good Friday Agreement aligns its interests with core U.S. foreign policy goals, particularly regarding stability and peace in Northern Ireland. The research concludes that Ireland’s strategy is proactive and adaptive, transforming historical and cultural capital into meaningful political leverage. By doing so, Ireland has shifted its relationship with the U.S. from one anchored in sentiment to a modern partnership rooted in shared values, cooperation in technology, and global governance. This study offers contemporary insights into international relations and diaspora politics, illuminating the evolving nature of small-state diplomacy in a changing world.
Climate Change and the Economics of Conservation Tillage

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study evaluates the economics of conservation tillage (chisel till and no till) and examines how climate change will likely affect it. We use data from long-term experimental plots in Indiana to estimate how corn and soybean yields respond to weather patterns under alternative tillage practices. Yield functions are coupled with random draws of weather variables to construct distributions describing the probability that conservation tillage will result in higher profits than more intensive tillage, under current and future climatic regimes. Results suggest that, in our study area, projected climate change will make conservation tillage more attractive.
Discrete Dynamics in Supply Chain Management

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Supply chain management (SCM) is considered as the integration of business processes in providing products or services to end customers by establishing a strategic alliance of all parties, which has become a critical means of adding value to products and increasing the company's competitive advantage.However, organizations in the supply chains in real world are always vulnerable to partial or complete disruptions.Various factors such as natural disasters, labor strikes, power outages, parts shortages, quality related recalls, transportation interruptions, and machine breakdowns can lead to performance fluctuations or even disruptions of business processes in organizations, which indicates that supply chain processes are dynamic, discrete, volatile, and unpredictable.The main objective of this special issue is to present the original research and review articles on the latest theoretical and practical achievements that will contribute to the field of discrete and dynamics supply chain management, in all branches of management science.The special issue received 52 high quality submissions from different countries all over the world.All submitted manuscripts have followed the same standard (peer-reviewed by at least three independent reviewers) as applied to regular ones to this journal.Due to space limit, only 21 papers could be published (acceptance ratio of 1 : 2.5).Inevitably, difficult decisions had to be made, and some high-quality submissions could not be included.The primary guideline was to demonstrate discrete dynamics in supply chain management.Besides, some novel research questions from different applications that are worth further investigation in the future are also included.
DEHYDRATION AND STORAGE STABILITY OF PAPAYA LEATHER

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The effects of drying temperature (74°, 84° and 94°C), storage time (1, 2 and 3 months), storage temperature (18°, 24° and 38°C), and sulfur dioxide on the quality of papaya leather were investigated. Drying rate was decreased when high SO 2 , levels were used. The color of the leather depended on drying and storage temperature and the presence of SO 2 , which protected against darkening at high drying and high storage temperatures. However, residual SO 2 , levels declined at high storage temperature, thus decreasing protection. Sensory data for color, flavor and off‐flavor correlated significantly with the alcohol‐soluble color index.
DrosophilaPhotoreceptors Contain an Autonomous Circadian Oscillator That Can Function withoutperiodmRNA Cycling

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Circadian oscillations in period ( per ) mRNA and per protein (PER) constitute, in part, a feedback loop that is required for circadian pacemaker function in Drosophila melanogaster . Oscillations in PER are required for oscillations in per mRNA, but the converse has not been rigorously tested because of a lack of measurable quantities of per mRNA and protein in the same cells. This circadian feedback loop operates synchronously in many neuronal and non-neuronal tissues, including a set of lateral brain neurons (LNs) that mediate rhythms in locomotor activity, but whether a hierarchy among these tissues maintains this synchrony is not known. To determine whether per mRNA cycling is necessary for PER cycling and whether cyclic per gene expression is tissue autonomous, we have generated per 01 flies carrying a transgene that constitutively expresses per mRNA specifically in photoreceptors, a cell type that supports feedback loop function. These transformants were tested for different aspects of feedback loop function including per mRNA cycling, PER cycling, and PER nuclear localization. Under both light/dark (LD) cycling and constant dark (DD) conditions, PER abundance cycles in the absence of circadian cycling of per mRNA. These results show that per mRNA cycling is not required for PER cycling and indicate that Drosophila photoreceptors R1–R6 contain a tissue autonomous circadian oscillator.
Cellular Pathways Regulating Responses to Compatible and Self-Incompatible Pollen inBrassicaandArabidopsisStigmas Intersect at Exo70A1, a Putative Component of the Exocyst Complex

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract In the Brassicaceae, compatible pollen–pistil interactions result in pollen adhesion to the stigma, while pollen grains from unrelated plant species are largely ignored. There can also be an additional layer of recognition to prevent self-fertilization, the self-incompatibility response, whereby self pollen grains are distinguished from nonself pollen grains and rejected. This pathway is activated in the stigma and involves the ARM repeat–containing 1 (ARC1) protein, an E3 ubiquitin ligase. In a screen for ARC1-interacting proteins, we have identified Brassica napus Exo70A1, a putative component of the exocyst complex that is known to regulate polarized secretion. We show through transgenic studies that loss of Exo70A1 in Brassica and Arabidopsis thaliana stigmas leads to the rejection of compatible pollen at the same stage as the self-incompatibility response. A red fluorescent protein:Exo70A1 fusion rescues this stigmatic defect in Arabidopsis and is found to be mobilized to the plasma membrane concomitant with flowers opening. By contrast, increased expression of Exo70A1 in self-incompatible Brassica partially overcomes the self pollen rejection response. Thus, our data show that the Exo70A1 protein functions at the intersection of two cellular pathways, where it is required in the stigma for the acceptance of compatible pollen in both Brassica and Arabidopsis and is negatively regulated by Brassica self-incompatibility.
The Enemy par excellence: Anticlerical Violence in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Spanish Civil War (1936-39) stands out as a key moment in the history of political violence of the twentieth century as a whole and in comparison with its many civil wars in particular. More specifically, what remains surprising is the intensity of violence unleashed over the territory in both rearguards: at least 100,000 people were executed by the “nationalist ” or francoist side during the conflict—plus 50,000 after the war was over—(Juliá ed. 1999), while the amount of victims in the republican side is around 55,000 victims. One of the most difficult aspects to analyze is without doubt the violence suffered by the Church and the clergy in territory held by the Republicans. It was the greatest anticlerical bloodletting Europe has ever seen. This violence has very often been described as senseless and a result of collective pathology, and interpreted with Manichean and highly ideological biases. This paper provides an interpretative balance sheet for the violence endured by the Church and the clergy during the Spanish Civil War.
Is consciousness inherently unstable? An iterated data rate theorem model of high metabolic demand in neural tissues

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Evolutionary process has selected for inherently unstable physiological systems in higher animals that can react swiftly to patterns of threat or affordance, for example blood pressure and the immune response. However, these require ongoing strict regulation: unregulated blood pressure is fatal, and immune cells can attack 'self' tissues. Consciousness, perhaps the most sophisticated rapid large-scale neural process, demands high rates of metabolic free energy to both operate and regulate the basic physiological machinery. Both the 'stream of consciousness' and the 'riverbanks' that confine it to useful realms are constructed and reconstructed moment-by-moment in response to highly dynamic internal and environmental circumstances. Using an information bottleneck method that links control and information theories, it is relatively easy to show that rapid response based on instability and its stabilization will always require high rates of metabolic free energy. In sum, neural structures in higher animals are highly 'coevolutionary', responding both to environmental signals and to signals from other physiological systems, and stabilizing coevolutionary cognitive structures is as difficult as programming them. Consciousness appears fundamentally unstable, and the necessary synergism between conscious action and its regulation underlies the ten-fold higher rate of metabolic energy consumption in human neural tissues. Implications for the etiology of certain psychiatric disorders are obvious.
Effect of Bondline Thickness on Interfacial Fracture of Laminated Composite Materials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The interfacial fracture of bonded structures is a critical issue for the extensive applications to a variety of modern industries. In the recent two decades, nonlinear fracture mechanics methods have been receiving intensive attentions for adhesively bonded joints. Extensive experimental efforts have been made to determine the toughness of adhesive joints. Several experimental studies have also been conducted to determine the interface cohesive law in bonded joints. However, very few studies investigated the effect of adhesive thickness on the interface cohesive laws. In the cohesive law, both fracture energy and the interfacial cohesive strength, as two critical parameters, have significant effect on the fracture behavior and joint’s structural capability. The present study presents the experimental investigation into how the adhesive’s thickness affect these two important parameters with the nonlinear fracture mechanics. The equivalent interface cohesive laws are experimentally determined for the bonded joints with various adhesive thicknesses. The experimental cohesive laws may provide valuable baseline data for simple analytical and numerical cohesive zone models. Based on the test results, the mechanism for the intrinsic fracture energy and plastic energy dissipation is discussed. Several other interesting conclusions are also obtained.
Computational Mathematics in Engineering Careers: Study of Electrical Circuits from the Perspective of Interdisciplinary Teaching

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The new challenges of the educational engineering framework pretend to encourage the interdepartmental integration and interaction between basic sciences and the module of applied technology subjects. This paper presents a learning approach of interdisciplinary learning in the teaching of trigonometric functions, with special emphasis on the sinusoidal function, showing how the transformation of this function is related to fundamental concepts in the training of electrical energy engineers. The product of trigonometric functions makes it possible to analyze the instantaneous power of passive linear electric circuits and highlight the importance of studying the phase angle between voltage and current associated with the inductive or capacitive nature of the circuit. The development of the contents in the class contemplates the interdisciplinary and integrative aspect that must be implemented from the basic cycle as a bridge towards the applications of mathematics, articulating the problems of Engineering and the use of technologies in teaching.