jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Redundancy Optimization for Series and Parallel Systems Exposed to Random Shocks

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper is devoted to redundancy allocation in series (parallel) systems subject to random shocks.The non-homogeneous Poisson process is used to describe the shock process, and redundant series (parallel) system reliability is given.The majorization order allows for stochastic comparison between random lifetimes of systems under two redundancy allocation policies.Then, the redundancy allocation policy for maximizing (minimizing) the series (parallel) system reliability is presented.Finally, the effect of the number of subsystems on system reliability is analyzed.
Solving a multi-criteria problem in the logistics of special rail transport

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Under the present conditions, there is a need to assess the effectiveness of the functioning of the technical base of railway transport involved in the performance of special (military) transportation, taking into account the current operational and transport situation. To make a management decision on the choice of the option for further following of a special cargo (reloading, following its course, a combined method, as well as following a detour route [4]), when an obstacle occurs along the route, it is necessary to find an option that best meets the requirements of the planned deadlines. This is possible with a systematic approach to finding an alternative way of transportation. For a reasonable choice of the method when making a decision, it is proposed to use the method of hierarchy analysis [5], which allows a comprehensive assessment of all transportation options, taking into account factors affecting the priorities of possible solutions when assessing the effectiveness of the functioning of the railway network when transporting special (military) cargo. The purpose of making a decision is to choose the option of deciding on the method of transportation of special (military) cargo during a break in the movement of trains with available alternatives (B) (4 methods of transportation) the main indicators (K) are the time of arrival of cargo to the designated area, the consumption of material resources (hereinafter- MS) when following their course or using other modes of transport (in particular - fuel), operational losses of automotive equipment (hereinafter - AT) during forced unloading, as well as the consumption of motor resources Kc = f (T, S, N, M)→min (see figure).
Dermatoglyphics in Congenital Virilizing Adrenal Hyperplasia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dermatoglyphics of 19 girls and 15 boys with congenital virilizing adrenal hyperplasia (CVAH) were compared with the population controls. Only the female patients had significantly higher total digital ridge count, summed a-b ridge count, and more whorls among digital and hallucal patterns than the controls. Larger pattern size in girls with CVAH may be a result of increased growth from the third month of intrauterine life, since these infants also had significantly higher birth weight.
[Impact on the intestinal microbiota of early antibiotic treatment in preterm neonates].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To investigate the impact of early antibiotics treatment on intestinal microbiota in preterm infants. Methods: The cohort study was performed from January 2015 to June 2015 in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Peking University Third Hospital. A total of 33 preterm infants were enrolled, among whom 25 were antibiotics-exposure group, and 8 were non-exposure group. Serial stool samples were collected on the first day, 14th and 30th days of life and analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. In exposure group, intestinal microbiota was also analyzed at 8 months to 1 year of age. Categorical variables were analyzed with χ(2) test, and continuous variables were analyzed with t test or non-parametric test. Results:Proteobacteria was the most prominent flora after birth in all cases (exposure group 69.6%, non-exposure group 83.7%) . In exposure group, at the phylum level, Proteobacteria was the dominant bacteria within the first 30 days, followed by Firmicutes after 30 days of life. At the genus level, Escherichia was the most abundant genera within 30 days after birth, while Veillonella became dominant after 8 months to 1 year of life. In non-exposure group, at the phylum level, Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum within the first 30 days. At the genus level, Actinobacteria (37.5%) was the dominant genus after birth, followed by Escherichia within the first month. Intestinal bacterial abundance and diversity were lower in exposure group, which was most significant on 30th day of life (shannon index 2.6 vs.3.4, ACE index 563.9 vs.591.6) . The influence of single antibiotics was less significant than combined treatment (shannon index 2.7 vs.2.5, ACE index 727.3 vs.492.9) . At the genus level, compared to non-exposure group, there were significant decrease of Escherichia (9.3% vs. 54.3%, Z=-2.830, P=0.005), Klebsiella (0.03% vs.12.4%,Z=-2.240, P=0.025), and Clostridium (0.2% vs. 4.8%, Z=-2.979, P=0.003) in exposure group on 14 days of life. Bifidobacterium (0.1% vs.2.0%, Z=-2.349, P=0.019) in cases treated with combined antibiotics was lower than that treated with antibiotic monotherapy on 30 days of life. Conclusions: Early application of combined antibiotics impacts on the intestinal microbiome of preterm infants significantly. The infants who have received antibiotic after birth have lower quantity and diversity of Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium.
A Multi-feature Fuzzy Index to Assess Stress Level from Bio-signals

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A mono-feature fuzzy index that evaluates the stress level from one feature extracted from ECG or GSR is presented. It is build using several measures of the feature recorded when the subject is at rest. The mono-feature fuzzy index can be merged in a multi-feature stress index without any tuning. It can be used to select relevant features and to detect stress. The performance of the stress index is analyzed on a data set made of 160 time periods of time when 20 subjects had to perform stressful tasks and corresponding control tasks. The stress was induced by 4 different tasks. The performances reached are 72% of correctly classified time periods in stress and no stress situations. Interesting conclusions could also be made on the tasks ability to induce stress.
Association Between Asthma and Reduced Androgen Receptor Expression in Airways

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract A growing body of evidence suggests a role for androgens in asthma and asthma control. This includes a sex discordance in disease rates that changes with puberty, experiments in mice showing androgens reduce airway inflammation, and a reported association between airway androgen receptor (AR) expression and disease severity in asthma patients. We set out to determine whether airway AR expression differs between asthma patients and healthy controls. We analyzed data from 8 publicly available data sets with gene expression profiling from airway epithelial cells obtained both from asthma patients and control individuals. We found that airway AR expression was lower in asthma patients than in controls in both sexes, and that having AR expression below the median in the pooled data set was associated with substantially elevated odds of asthma vs having AR expression above the median (odds ratio 4.89; 95% CI, 3.13-7.65, P &lt; .0001). In addition, our results suggest that whereas the association between asthma and AR expression is present in both sexes in most of the age range analyzed, the association may be absent in prepubescent children and postmenopausal women. Our results add to the existing body of evidence suggesting a role for androgens in asthma control.
Advance of Cucumber Wilt and Disease-resistant Breeding

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cucumber fusarium wilt is a typic soil-borne disease and has became a severe disease all over the world to affect badly output of cucumber. The output reduction in cucumber gives amount to 30%-50% every year because of the occurrence of the disease. It is necessary to study the wilt pathogen and disease-resistant breeding. This paper summarized the biology character, identification of wilt pathogen, resistant-mechanism and genetic rule, biological technology application, which can guide the works of controlling the disease and resistant breeding. Also this paper can direct the works in future through summarizing the success and defect in breeding.
Attitudes towards Immigration among Students in the First Year of a Nursing Degree at Universities in Coimbra, Toledo and Melilla

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Increased migration has led to increased prejudice towards immigrant populations. This study aims to analyse attitudes towards immigration among student nurses in three universities, two in Spain and one in Portugal. Methodology: A descriptive, transversal, prospective study was carried out among student nurses (n = 624), using the Attitude towards Immigration in Nursing scale. Results: Nursing students showed some positive attitudes towards immigration, such as that immigrants should have the right to maintain their customs or that immigrants should have free access to healthcare and education, in contrast to some negative attitudes, such as that crime rates have increased due to immigration or that immigrants receive more social welfare assistance than natives. Significant differences in attitudes were revealed between students from the three universities. Discussion: Training in transcultural nursing is necessary for all nursing students in order to reduce negative attitudes towards the immigrant population and increase the awareness and sensitivity of future healthcare staff in caring for patients of all backgrounds.
Whither Fema? Hurricane Katrina and FEMA's Response to the Gulf Coast

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The devastation caused by Hurricane Katrina in August 2005 placed the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) directly in the public spotlight. The agency came under tremendous criticism for its response, and its director resigned shortly after the hurricane. This article identifies and develops four themes (organizational location, organizational leadership, organizational emphasis, and federalism) drawn from the general literature in public administration and emergency management to provide a framework with which to analyze FEMA's post-Katrina responses and to place criticisms of the agency into a broader context.
[The New Dutch Kidney Test. I. Description of the method].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The New Netherlands Kidney test is designed for the detection of antibacterial residues in slaughtered animals. It is a single-plate system in which the culture medium used is composed of Standard II nutrient agar, supplemented with 1 per cent of NaCl, 1 per cent of dextrose, 0.2 per cent of KH2PO4 and 0.28 per cent of Na2HPO4.12H2O. After autoclaving, this medium is cooled to 55 degrees C, which is followed by the addition of trimethoprim (0.12 microgram/ml of agar) and spores of Bacillus subtilis BGA (10(4) ml of agar). The pH should be adjusted to 7.00 +/- 0.05, the prepared medium then being poured out into plates specially designed for this purpose, in such a manner that the thickness of the layer of agar is 2.2 mm throughout. The following method is used in examining slaughtered animals for the presence of residues showing antibacterial activity. Four paper discs are placed in the renal pelvis for a minimum period of thirty minutes; two discs impregnated with fluid from the renal pelvis are frozen at -20 degrees C for possible re-inspection and the other two are laid diagonally on a test plate. 25 microliter of a trimethoprim solution (containing 2 micrograms of TMP per ml of a 10 per cent NaCl solution) are dropped on each of the two last-named discs. The test plates are incubated at 37 degrees C for a period ranging from thirteen to eighteen hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Z-Source Inverter with SiC Power Semiconductor Devices for Fuel Cell Vehicle Applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Power electronics is a key technology for electric, hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles. Typical power electronics converters used in electric drive vehicles include dc/dc converters, inverters, and battery chargers. New semiconductor materials such as silicon carbide (SiC) and novel topologies such as the Z-source inverter (ZSI) have a great deal of potential to improve the overall performance of these vehicles. In this paper, a Z-source inverter for fuel cell vehicle application is examined under three different scenarios. 1. a ZSI with Si IGBT modules, 2. a ZSI with hybrid modules, Si IGBTs/SiC Schottky diodes, and 3. a ZSI with SiC MOSFETs/SiC Schottky diodes. Then, a comparison of the three scenarios is conducted. Conduction loss, switching loss, reverse recovery loss, and efficiency are considered for comparison. A conclusion is drawn that the SiC devices can improve the inverter and inverter-motor efficiency, and reduce the system size and cost due to the low loss properties of SiC devices. A comparison between a ZSI and traditional PWM inverters with SiC devices is also presented in this paper. Based on this comparison, the Z-source inverter produces the highest efficiency.
Molecular characterization of vanA-containing Enterococcus from migratory birds: song thrush (Turdus philomelos)

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) were detected in two faecal samples (1.3%) of song thrush in Portugal. vanA isolates showed high level vancomycin/teicoplanin resistance, as well as resistance to ciprofloxacin, quinupristin-dalfopristin and cloranfenicol. Thrush can be a reservoir of VRE and transmit these resistant bacteria to other animals including humans.
Moclobemide and selegeline in the treatment of depression in Parkinson's disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We determined in 725 sequentially admitted first-ever stroke patients, using color-coded duplex flow imaging of the V2 segment, whether vertebral artery hypoplasia (VAH) (diameter ≤ 2.5 mm) was more frequent (13%) in posterior circulation territory infarction (247) than in strokes in other territories (4.6%). This difference is significant (p < 0.001), whereas all other risk factors (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, smoking) were equally (p > 0.05) distributed. Patients with VAH may be predisposed to stroke in the posterior circulation.
Professional Preparation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter is the first of several which deal more specifically with the individual faculty member, as opposed to entire hospitality programs. Instead, this chapter focuses specifically on the prepara­ tion that is necessary to launch a successful career as a hospitality educator. The issues raised include strategic career planning, educa­ tional preparation, hospitality work experience, networking personally and electronically, the job search, choosing and targeting hospitality programs, the academic selection process, anticipatory socialization, organizational entry, and the first five years on the job.
CEO interviews on CNBC during financial crisis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of media attention, specifically CNBC CEO Interviews, on stock prices during the Year 2007 to 2009 financial crisis. A total of 3,251 CNBC CEO Interviews are collected and analysed during the three years period. The paper finds that there was an extraordinary trend observed during the Year 2008 which is the peak of the financial crisis. Instead of the usual price reversal within ten days as shown in Year 2007 and 2009, the quick price reversal was not observed during the short term and average cumulative abnormal returns (ACAR) remains significantly high at 1.40 per cent in the Year 2008. This abnormal phenomenon observed is explained using two main reasons; uncertainty in financial market and liquidity shock. This paper also provides an in-depth analysis of the twenty two companies that had interview by CNBC surrounding the fall of Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers. We find that the majority of these companies are not significantly related the financial crises as majority of their shares are not held by any commercial banks.
Doctoral Final Examinations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The contemporary rapid evolution of doctoral programmes with their emphasis shifting to the development of a skilled, versatile researcher from the production of an erudite thesis, has not been matched by parallel progression in the final examination. Those who supervise and examine doctoral candidates seem only to have custom and practice and their own limited experience to steer their decisions in a fast-changing environment. We raise challenging questions about how assessment could be adapted to maintain the benefits of doctoral diversity while providing transparent evidence to employers and the wider society of the specific valuable skills of successful doctoral candidates.
How to coach teams in business the John Wooden way

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This article focuses on the various important attributes of a self‐directed work team that are necessary to create a successful team effort. These aspects of a successful team were examined through the coaching philosophy of John Wooden, former basketball coach at the University of California, Los Angeles. In his philosophy, he stressed the need to be prepared to adapt to any situation by way of conditioning and the mutual accountability and co‐operation of the team members
On a Simple Hedonic Game with Graph-Restricted Communication

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We study a hedonic game for which feasible coalitions are prescribed by a graph representing the agents’ social relations. A group of agents can form a feasible coalition if and only if their corresponding vertices can be spanned with a star. This requirement guarantees that agents are connected, close to each other, and one central agent can coordinate the actions of the group. In our game, everyone strives to join the largest feasible coalition. We study the existence and computational complexity of both Nash stable and core stable partitions. Then, we provide tight or asymptotically tight bounds on their efficiency, measured in terms of the price of anarchy and the price of stability, under two natural social functions, namely, the number of agents who are not in a singleton coalition, and the number of coalitions. We also derive refined bounds for games in which the social graph is claw-free. Finally, we investigate the complexity of computing socially optimal partitions, as well as extreme Nash stable ones.
Rocking Response of Unanchored Building Contents Considering Horizontal and Vertical Excitation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The seismic performance of unanchored slender contents at various floor levels within a building has received little attention in the literature, despite earthquake reconnaissance reports routinely emphasizing the overturning of contents as a pervasive problem. This paper investigates the rocking response of building contents in a four-story concentrically braced frame building, focusing on how the variation in horizontal and vertical floor accelerations in the building affects the planar pure rocking demands (sliding and bouncing are not considered). A cascading dynamic analysis approach is taken whereby nonlinear response history analyses of a three-dimensional (3D) building model to a suite of ground motions provides the floor accelerations, which are in turn used to develop rocking spectra for assessing demands on unanchored building contents of various sizes and aspect ratios. The effect of the vertical floor excitation on the peak rocking response is found to be negligible for most practical purposes, especially for slender components. Consequently, rocking demands on an object are not affected by where it is placed on a specific floor. Rocking demands on an object increase at higher floors because horizontal floor accelerations are amplified with elevation, but the difference in rocking demands from one floor to the next are significantly more pronounced for stocky than for slender objects. Finally, the paper develops analytical fragility curves for rocking and overturning limit states using the normalized peak rotation angle as the demand parameter and a physically motivated floor intensity measure based on the peak floor velocity, block size, and slenderness.
Reading the Society of J.R.R, Tolkien’s The Hobbit: A Marxist perspective

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Everyone needs money to survive and to afford a good life because they are not free. This is somehow I line with Marxist proposal that money makes the world go round so that it is a manifestation of power. People with money occupy the upper class that controls the society. As a greatly successful and awarded literary work, J.R.R.Tolkien’s The Hobbit is an interesting phenomenon. Relating its success in terms of economy and art to Marxist principles, this study would like to examine Marxist ideas in the work. The findings reveal that the essence of the story itself; i.e. a class struggle, fits Marxism. The Hobbit also depicts a society which runs based on Marxist ideas of base and superstructure, ideology and hegemony as well as how the hegemony is maintained. The results are expected to help readers gain a deeper understanding of Marxism and to cope with life better.
Telecommunications History

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Henry M. Field, The Story of the Atlantic Telegraph (originally published by Scribner's in 1893, 415 pp.) John E. Kingsbury, The Telephone and Telephone Exchanges: Their Invention and Development (Longmans, Green, 1915, 558 pp.) George B. Prescott, Bell's Electric Speaking Telephone: Its Invention, Construction, Application, Modification and History (Appleton, 1884, 526 pp.) Robert Luther Thompson, Wiring a Continent: The History of the Telegraph Industry in the United States, 1832-66 (Princeton University Press, 1947, 544 pp.) The Horn Speaker (P.O. Box 12, Kleberg, Texas 75145 -- $3.00 per year/10 issues)