jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Alteration of Cognitive Function in Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Mice Is Related to Dysfunction of the Neuroimmune System

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background: Both Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and aging have aging-related cognitive dysfunction with a high incidence. These neurological diseases cause serious cognitive problems in patients’ daily life. But the cognitive dysfunction mechanism in-depth of aging is far less known than that of AD. Objective: To reveal the different mechanisms of AD and aging-related cognitive dysfunction, we compared the mechanisms of aging and AD through analysis of differentially expressed genes. Methods: Mice were divided into four groups (3-month C57BL, 16-month C57BL, 3-month 3xTg AD mice, and 16-month 3xTg AD mice) according to genotype and age. The Morris water maze was employed to investigate the spatial cognition of mice. Differential expressions of genes of AD and aging were analyzed through RNA sequencing and GO, KEGG, Reactome analysis, and the dynamic change trend analysis. Microglia was stained with immunofluorescence and its numbers were counted for analysis. Results: The cognitive function of elderly mice were worse through testing with the Morris water maze. The cognitive function of 16-month 3xTg AD mice were worse than 16-month C57BL mice. The alteration tendencies of DE genes were uncovered, and microglia numbers increased during aging and AD progression through immunofluorescence. Conclusion: These results suggest that immune-related pathways might play a critical role in aging and AD-related cognitive dysfunction. Our research will help to provide some new potential targets for treating cognitive dysfunction in aging and AD.
[A rare combination: an azygos lobe and an abnormality of bronchial implantation].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The case of a 5 month old female infant with respiratory problems since birth in the form of a recurrent right pneumonia, associated with slight pulmonary arterial hypertension. Persistence of a paramediastinal opacity suggestive of a right upper lobe atelectasis led to bronchography being performed which revealed a bronchus implanted into the right side of the trachea. At operation there were two abnormalities: --an azygos lobe represented by the apical segment of the right upper lobe; --a tracheal bronchus, apical segmental apical, ventilating this territory. Simple disenclavement of the parenchyla and pleuroplasty led to regression of the respiratory disturbances. The special feature of the case lay in the rarity of an azygos lobe ventilated by a tracheal bronchus. The azygos lobe results from an abnormality in the topography of the arch of the azygos vein which draws the parietal pleura with it, forming a mesoazygos. It is not a supernumary lobe. Abnormalities of bronchial implantation are located above all along the right side of the trachea (tracheal bronchi) and correspond in most instances to ectopic positioning of a segmental bronchus of the upper lobe, as in the present case.
Abstract 4448: Effects of adagrasib on cholesterol, lipid and glucose gene expression regulation in tumor xenograft models and patient samples

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Introduction: Clinically active KRASG12C inhibitors have represented a key research breakthrough and led to novel treatment options for lung, colorectal and other cancer patients harboring this mutation. While treatment with KRASG12C inhibitors are clinically active in the majority of patients, the depth and duration of response is variable and most patients ultimately progress. This variation in therapeutic response highlights the need for a better understanding of drug mechanism of action and the identification of rational combination strategies. Oncogenic KRAS mutations hyperactivate the MAPK pathway, create an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and promote glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen commonly known as the Warburg effect. This altered metabolic state is marked by increased glucose uptake and lactate production, providing necessary substrates for rapid tumor growth. Results: Pharmacological inhibition of KRASG12C with a potent and selective KRASG12C inhibitor, adagrasib, revealed marked alterations of metabolic gene expression programs in tumor samples collected from mouse xenograft studies and repeat biopsies provided by patients enrolled on adagrasib clinical trials. Upregulation of genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport including ApoE, NR1H3 (LXRa) and ABCA1 was observed across both preclinical tumor xenografts and patient samples following adagrasib treatment. Additionally, decreased expression of Glut1 and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) genes were also observed in both tumor models and patients suggesting that adagrasib treatment results in an extensive shift in uptake and utilization of cholesterol, lipid, and glucose. The impact of adagrasib treatment on circulating metabolic parameters in tumor xenograft-bearing mice were investigated in follow up studies. Conclusions: Taken together, these data suggest adagrasib modulates cholesterol efflux, glucose and lipid pathways and alters tumor and systemic metabolic regulation. Additional research may yield a targetable collateral vulnerability and rational combinatorial strategy. Citation Format: Fabiola Shelton, Natalie Hoffman, David Trinh, Xousaen M. Helu, Andrew Calinisan, Allan Hebbert, Larry Yan, David M. Briere, Laura Hover, Julio Fernandez-Benet, Kenna Anderes, James G. Christensen, Jill Hallin, Peter Olson. Effects of adagrasib on cholesterol, lipid and glucose gene expression regulation in tumor xenograft models and patient samples [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 4448.
Evanescent Electron Wave-Spin

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This study demonstrates the existence of an evanescent electron wave outside both finite and infinite quantum wells by solving the Dirac equation and ensuring the continuity of the spinor wavefunction at the boundaries. We show that this evanescent wave shares the spin characteristics of the wave confined within the well, as indicated by analytical expressions for the current density across all regions. Our findings suggest that the electron cannot be confined to a mathematical singularity and that quantum information, or quantum entropy, can leak through any quantum confinement. These results emphasize that the electron wave, fully characterized by Lorentz-invariant charge and current densities, should be considered the true and sole entity of the electron.
Improvement of Katsuobushi smoking machine for the reduction of benzo(a)pyrene

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

훈연 가쓰오부시의 벤조피렌 저감화를 위하여 훈연기를 개선하고 이의 저감화 효과를 평가하였다. 기존 훈연기는 동일한 히터를 사용하여 연기생성 및 가열을 동시에 행하는데 비하여 개선된 훈연기는 연기생성부 및 가열부를 갖추어 연기생성과 가열이 각각 되도록 하였다. 연기생성부는 훈연실 내부에 설치된 CdS 광센서, on/off 제어기, 연소실과 훈연실 사이에 연기 공급을 개폐하는 압축구동 회전체로 구성하였다. 가열부는 훈연실 내부의 온도센서, PID 제어기, 전기히터로 구성하였다. 자숙된 가다랑어를 연기농도를 세가지 수준으로 제어하며 45도에서 훈연한 결과 108시간 경과 후 연기농도가 낮은 순으로 벤조피렌 농도가 5.87, 7.83, $11.41{\mu}g/kg$로 각각 나타났다. 연기농도를 가장 낮은 농도에서 온도를 달리하여 훈연한 결과 벤조피렌 농도가 각각 5.87, 4.82, $3.27{\mu}g/kg$로 검출되었다. 따라서 벤조피렌 저감화 조건은 낮은 연기농도와 높은 온도가 바람직함을 알 수 있었다. 기존 훈연기는 높은 온도를 사용할 경우 연기농도가 종속적으로 높아지기 때문에 저감화 조건을 만족시킬 수 없는 반면에 본 개선된 훈연기는 저감화를 구현할 수 있었다. A Katsuobushi smoking machine was developed and evaluated to determine its benzo(a)pyrene reducing effect. The machine was equipped with two heaters for smoking and chamber heating. The smoke-generating system was equipped with a cadmium sulfide (CdS) smoke sensor, an on/off controller, and a rotating feeder with a smoke inlet. Raw bonito was steamed and then smoked under three smoke levels. After smoking at $45^{\circ}C$ for 108 h, the benzo(a)pyrene concentrations were 5.87, 7.83, and $11.41{\mu}g/kg$ at the low, middle, and high smoke levels, respectively. The benzo(a)pyrene concentrations after low-level smoking at 45, 65, and $85^{\circ}C$ for 108 h were 5.87, 4.82, and $3.27{\mu}g/kg$, respectively. Accordingly, the optimal conditions for benzo(a)pyrene reduction were a lower smoke level and higher smoking temperature. These optimal smoking conditions can be implemented with the newly developed machine, but is not possible using a conventional Katsuobushi smoking machine.
An extended set of Haar-like features for rapid objection detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recently Viola et al. [5] have introduced a rapid object detection scheme based on a boosted cascade of simple feature classifiers. In this paper we introduce a novel set of rotated haar-like features. These novel features significantly enrich the simple features of [5] and can also be calculated efficiently. With these new rotated features our sample face detector shows off on average a 10 % lower false alarm rate at a given hit rate. We also present a novel post optimization procedure for a given boosted cascade improving on average the false alarm rate further by 12.5%. 1
ON THE REPRESENTATION OF EMPLOYERS IN EMPLOYMENT RELATIONS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

According to the norms of Ukrainian legislation the institute of representation belongs to the sphere of Civil Law of Ukraine. At that the researchers of the science of the civil law have pointed out and emphasized the peculiarities of representation in different areas as sharing some common features it possesses different contents. The abovementioned peculiarity of representation has been attracting attention and is still under the research by scientists-laborers whose views on the presence of representation in the Labor Law are at times oppositional. The following are among those scientists: B. K. Behichev, O. V. Bryliova, N. D. Hetmantseva, L. V. Zaitseva, M. S. Kaminska, V. H. Melnikova, V. O. Protsevskyi, S. M. Prylypko, H. A. Trunova, H. I. Chanysheva, O. M. Iaroshenko and others. Despite numerous scientific debates in this area the topicality of the suggested subject of the research still remains extremely significant which is mainly predetermined by the absence of the norms on the regulation of the relations of representation in the current Law Code on Labor. This is why the aim of this research is to determine the possibilities of representation of employers according to the norms of Labor Law both in individual and collective labor relations alongside with the analysis of problematic issues in this area and the ways of their solution.
Assessing coverage of essential maternal and child health interventions using health-facility data in Uganda

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Nationally representative household surveys are the gold standard for tracking progress in coverage of life-saving maternal and child interventions, but often do not provide timely information on coverage at the local and health facility level. Electronic routine health information system (RHIS) data could help provide this information, but there are currently concerns about data quality. This analysis seeks to improve the usability of and confidence in electronic RHIS data by using adjustments to calculate more accurate numerators and denominators for essential interventions.Data from three sources (Ugandan Demographic and Health (UDHS) survey, electronic RHIS, and census) were used to provide estimates of essential maternal (> 4 antenatal care visits (ANC), skilled delivery, and postnatal care visit (PNC)) and child health interventions (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b and polio vaccination series, measles vaccination, and vitamin A). Electronic RHIS data was checked for quality and both numerators and denominators were adjusted to improve accuracy. Estimates were compared between the three sources.Estimates of maternal health interventions from adjusted electronic RHIS data were lower than those of the UDHS, while child intervention estimates were typically higher. Adjustment of electronic RHIS data generally improved accuracy compared with no adjustment. There was considerable agreement between estimates from adjusted, electronic RHIS data, and UDHS for skilled delivery and first dose of childhood vaccination series, but lesser agreement for ANC visits and second and third doses of childhood vaccinations.Nationally representative household surveys will likely continue being the gold standard of coverage estimates of maternal and child health interventions, but this analysis shows that current approaches to adjusting health facility estimate works better for some indications than others. Further efforts to improve accuracy of estimates from RHIS sources are needed.
Economic evaluation of drug treatment on acute cerebral infarction

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Objective: To investigate the treatment and economic effectiveness of different medicines in the management of acute cerebral infarction.Methods: To evaluate the treatment strategies of different medicine in terms of cost-effetiveness analysis on pharmacoeconomics.Results: Various therapeutic regimen had diverse cost-effetiveness analysis by means of different therapeutic indexes.Conclusion: Pharmacoeconomics do has important instruction in selecting optimal therapeutic regimen for taking maximum efficiency with minimum price.
Moon Phases and Crisis Calls: A Spurious Relationship

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The relationship between phases of the moon and emergency calls to a 24-hr. telephone crisis intervention service was investigated. The frequency and types of calls were compared for the dates of the lunar cycle over a 2-yr. period (1972–1973). The total calls, crisis calls, and suicide-threat calls were analyzed. Although the total calls and suicide-threat calls reached statistical significance, the findings failed to support the lunar theory. From an examination of the mixed results of prior research and the present study, the relationship between moon phases and emotional disturbance can best be described as spurious in nature.
TOWARDS A REVIVAL OF THE STATISTICAL LAW OF PARETO

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract : This is a defense and illustration of the statistical law of Pareto, and an informal introduction to its role--and that of certain of its kins--in the study of price variations, of income distributions, of the distributions of the sizes of firms and cities, and of related questions in economics and in other social and physical sciences.
Revisiting the Push–Pull Tourist Motivation Model: A Theoretical and Empirical Justification for a Reflective–Formative Structure

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to examine the validity of a reflective–formative framework for the push pull tourist motivation model developed by Antonia Correia, Metin Kozak, and Joao Ferradeira in 2013, in comparison to its traditional reflective–reflective framework. An empirical study was conducted using purposive sampling, and the relationships between variables were examined through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The study theoretically grounded as well as empirically validated the reflective–formative construct structure for the Push–Pull Tourist Motivation over the existing Reflective–Reflective construct structure. It further found that the reflective–reflective specification may lead to model misspecification, which can result in inaccurate estimation of tourist motivation and perceptions. Due to the population characteristics, purposive sampling was employed; however, a sample size of 319 may be considered limited for a cross-cultural study. This research contributes to the accurate estimation of the Push–Pull Tourist Motivation in a manner consistent with its theoretical framework and helps to reduce the risk of model misspecification and incorrect interpretations.
Numerical Simulations of Photocurrent Multiplication Phenomenon at Organic/Metal Interface

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In order to elucidate the photocurrent multiplication mechanism observed in the photoconducting organic pigment films, the electric field distribution formed by the space charges accumulated near organic/metal interface having imperfect contact and the flow of photogenerated carriers were numerically simulated. It was found that high density of surface charges, namely, charge accumulation appears in the steady state when the photogenerated carriers are supplied continuously, and that the accumulated charges staying at the non-contact organic film interface can provide enough high field for tunneling charge injection leading to multiplication process. These results indicate the validity of our previously proposed “structural trap model” that the charge accumulation occurs at blind alleys lying on the rough film surface of the organic/metal interface. Indeed, by introducing lower surface mobility based on the concept of rough surface of the orgainc film, the typically observed multiplied photocurrent response was well reproduced.
Piv Measurements And Modeling Of Synthetic Jet Actuators For Flow Control

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper deals primarily with the combined experimental and theoretical characterization of a synthetic jet actuator. The experimental approach utilizes a high-frame-rate, digital PIV system, which uses a Photec Phantom V.3.0 CCD camera operating at speeds as high as 1,000 frames per second, and with an image resolution of 512x256 pixels. The resulting digital images are then processed using traditional cross correlation algorithms or newly developed wavelet techniques in order to determine the flowfield quantitatively. The experimental work presented includes measurements and analysis of the flowfield produced by a synthetic jet actuator operating under different frequency and amplitude conditions. The operating conditions selected in this paper were chosen because they generate completely different flowfields. Operation of the actuator with a frequency of 10 Hz and a membrane oscillation amplitude of 75m, produces a flowfield resembling a jet, while operation at 100 Hz with an ampl...
Managing thrombophilia during pregnancy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Thrombophilia is an inherited or acquired predisposition detected by a set of laboratory tests, which increases the risk for venous thromboembolism or pregnancy complications, as will be discussed. Thrombophilia, as with all other risk factors, should be looked for and modulated according to clinical presentation and risk stratification. Many articles have been written on thrombophilia and pregnancy, but this comprehensive article will focus on the issue from a unique perspective of each thrombophilia separately. This article will elaborate on the main types of thrombophilia and will suggest tools to the treating physician for dealing with thrombophilia during pregnancy. This article is the result of a search of the English literature on PubMed using thrombophilia, pregnancy, complications and thrombosis as keywords.
Assisted delivery in standing position – a positive birth experience

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This paper aims to show how collaborative working among professionals can push the boundaries when promoting positive birth, resulting in an unusual and satisfying birth. It is paramount when providing care to acknowledge how birth experience, not necessarily the outcome, can impact upon individuals and their lives. This case study is of a woman who had had a previous emergency Caesarean section and had found this extremely traumatic with loss of control and influence over the birth process. She wished to aim for a vaginal birth this time and was under the Caseload midwifery team. She progressed well in labour mobilizing and using different positions but delivery had not been achieved after 2 h of active pushing. She was comfortable standing up and so was examined by the consultant in that position. The head was below the spines and occipitat anterior. The Kiwi cup was used to bring the head to the perineum and then released so that a normal delivery (by student midwife) could occur. This all took place with the patient leaning over the bed. By listening to the woman's fears and empowering her, a positive birth experience was achieved. It is the aim of the authors to highlight positive practise while acknowledging that all women have a birth story no matter how insignificant it may initially appear. And for many women it will most certainly impact upon subsequent pregnancies and birth.
Patterns of response to childhood asthma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The present study was designed to evaluate the concordance between parental and child ratings of asthma symptoms, and to determine the relationship between symptom ratings and morbidity data. The sample consisted of 162 asthmatic children from various treatment settings and 105 parents. The symptom pattern assessment employed a modified-for-children version of the Asthma Symptom Checklist (CASCL), which was completed independently by the parent and by the child. The CASCL data were factor analyzed to replicate the findings of the earlier panic/fear work. Factor analysis of both versions of the Asthma Symptom Checklist yielded three interpretable factors, which we labeled General Physical Symptoms, Panic/Fear, and Hyperventilation/Irritability. Correlations between parent and child across individual items ranged from 0.00 to 0.35. Correlations between the parents and the children across factor scores resulted in modest agreement. Using medication level, emergency room visits, and hospitalizations as indices of functional morbidity, many of the parents' and none of the children's factor scores were significantly related to functional morbidity.
The consistency of relative incidence rates of nonviral sexually transmissible infections from health insurance claims and surveillance data, 2005–10

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background Given the growing popularity of administrative data for health research, information on the differences and similarities between administrative data and customary data sources (e.g. surveillance) will help to inform the use of administrative data in the field of sexually transmissible infections (STIs). The objective of this study was to compare the incidence rates of three nonviral STIs from a large health insurance administrative database (MarketScan) with surveillance data. Methods: We computed and compared STI rates for 2005–10 from MarketScan and national surveillance data for three major nonviral STIs (i.e. chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis), gonorrhoea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) and syphilis (Treponema pallidum)). For administrative data, we assessed the sensitivity of the rates to enrolee inclusion criteria: continuous (≥320 member-days) versus all enrolees. Relative rates were computed for 5-year age groups and by gender. Results: The administrative database rates were significantly lower (P &lt; 0.01) than those in the national surveillance data, except for syphilis in females. Gonorrhoea and syphilis rates based on administrative data were significantly lower (P &lt; 0.01) for all enrolees versus continuous enrolees only. The relative STI rates by age group from the administrative data were similar to those in the surveillance data. Conclusions: Although absolute STI rates in administrative data were lower than in the surveillance data, relative STI rates from administrative data were consistent with national surveillance data. For gonorrhoea and syphilis, the estimated rates from administrative data were sensitive to the enrolee inclusion criteria. Future studies should examine the potential for administrative data to complement surveillance data.