jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation of styrene destruction by DBD plasma and its conversion pathways

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This work was devoted to the investigation of the contribution of various species in plasma to styrene decomposition. Different background gases (air, argon, nitrogen, and oxygen) and plasma reactor (in‐plasma, post‐plasma, and post‐plasma with buffer tube) were employed in this experiment. The results showed that degradation and polymerization of styrene occur simultaneously in the plasma treatment process. In the discharge zone, the bombardment of electrons and energetic particles on styrene and its degradation intermediates played a role in breaking its weak bond energy and promoting their conversion. The short‐lived reactive species with high oxidation potential in plasma were the prerequisite for complete degradation of styrene, due to its ability of breaking bonds with large bond energies, such as benzene ring. Away from the discharge zone, long‐lived reactive oxygen species further oxidized and degraded styrene, and its intermediates outside the discharge zone, promoting their mineralization.
Neuroprotective Role of Medicinal Plants from North Eastern Region of India

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The term neurodegenerative disease means the loss of neuronal cells in the brain, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Multiple sclerosis, and Huntington's disease. It is one of the most common types of disease associated with elevated rates of mortality and morbidity worldwide. At the same time, modern allopathic medicines have a large number of synthetic chemicals for the symptomatic treatment and control of these diseases. These drugs have failed miserably due to clinical insufficiency and debilitating adverse effects. In the past decade, natural ingredients have gained notable interest in the prevention and treatment of neurodegeneration due to their powerful anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties with minimal side effects. However, there is also an issue of safety and effectiveness due to the absence of an ample amount of research findings. The most common cellular mechanism for every neurodegenerative disorder is neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Several preclinical and clinical studies conducted across the world have demonstrated that different bioactive compounds of herbal origin can potentially arrest these processes to prevent or treat neurodegeneration and can be developed into promising pharmaceutical formulations. This article discusses and analyses the various herbal compounds, such as Allium sativum, Camella sinensis, Centella asiatica, Coriandrum sativum, Crocus sativus, Glycyrrhiza glabra, and Morus alba used for phytotherapy of neurodegenerative diseases by combining recent in vitro and in vivo models.<br>
Influence of DC-link Voltage Measurement Error on Extended EMF Based Sensorless Control with Reduced DC-Link Capacitor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Small volume dc-link capacitor becomes attractive due to low price and reduced size in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system. However, small dc-link capacitors will inevitably lead to large dc-link voltage fluctuations and affect the system stability, especially for sensorless control and operation at high speed and high torque conditions. Moreover, the dc-link voltage sensor could be faulty due to some harsh environments, which will introduce the voltage measurement error, such as zero offset and gain variation, etc. The control performance may become even worse when the dc-link voltage sensor is faulty. Therefore, in this paper, the effect of measurement error in bus voltage on the extended back electromotive force (EEMF) sensorless method is studied. Furthermore, a dc-link voltage observer based on power balance is proposed in case of dc-link voltage sensor is faulty. The voltage observer can eliminate the measurement error caused by voltage sensor faults and improve the stability of the EEMF method. Experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed dc-link voltage observer.
Accounting for Environmental Awareness on Green Purchase Intention and Behaviour: Evidence from the Philippines

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study examines the green purchase awareness of Philippine youth consumers and its influence on green purchase intention and, ultimately, their green purchase behaviour. The study used the theory of planned behaviour as a conceptual framework. The research used an online five-point Likert scale questionnaire and gathered data from accounting and business students in the Philippines; data were collected from 923 usable respondents and then validated and analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM). The findings suggest that respondents’ awareness of environmental degradation’s consequences influences green purchase intention and positively mediates green purchase behaviour. The attitudes, norms, and respondents’ perceived behavioural control represent the environmental awareness beliefs; they positively and significantly contributed to green purchase intention, which contributed to green purchase behaviour. The study is original in that it examines the applicability of the theory of planned behaviour in the context of the Philippines, which has legislative backing for environmental awareness among the citizens. It also investigates the extent to which subjective norms can influence personal behavioural control and mediate towards green purchase intention. The findings contribute to the Philippine setting; however, it is extensible with further research on emerging nations that share societal cultures. The data obtained sufficiently explain the phenomenon using the theory of planned behaviour; combining it with Hofstede’s model of societal culture can increase explanatory power for societal-based studies on purchase intention and behaviour. In a high-power distance and collective societal-cultural setting, findings support the argument that environmental awareness contributes to green purchase intention and buyer behaviour. The proactive stance of making the population aware of the environmental effects is noticeable. However, they provide a low-level explanation of their intention to purchase green products and a medium-level explanation of translating purchase intention to purchase behaviour. Hence, we recommend the government review their approach to making people environmentally aware, which measurably translates into green purchasing intention and purchasing behaviour.
Solid oxide fuel cells as alternative energy source for sustainable development

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Intermediate-temperature Solid Oxide fuel cells (ITSOFC) can be used as an alternative energy source due to their negligible waste production and high power efficiencies. Here, analysis of an electrolyte material Ce 0.8 Gd 0.2 O 1.9 (GDC20) is done. Five dense electrolyte samples are prepared at sintering temperatures of (1350, 1400, 1450, 1550 and 1600°C) were prepared and their properties like relative density, grain size and grain growth, ionic conductivity and power density were analyzed comparatively. Average density was found to be 89.93% and average grain size was in the range of 1.64µm–10.4µm.). Impedance result of all samples was examined at different temperatures (200°C–800°C) with frequency change from 1e 7 hertz to 0.1 hertz for each working temperature. Exponential increase in ionic conductivity was observed in the temperature ranges of (500–800°C) for all five sample. Highest conductivity values were recorded for 1550°C sintered sample which was 8.479e −6 S/m at 200°C and 10.159 S/m at 800°C. Excellent power densities of were observed respectively. The best conductivities and power values were obtained for the 1550°C sample in the temperature range 600–800°C. Ionic conductivity values were exponentially higher in the higher temperature regions for all samples. Conventional SOFCs have an average efficiency of 70% and the use of GDC can lower the operating temperature hence increasing its usage in mining engineering, high-altitude power generation and usage in any treacherous environment.
Corticosteroid injection in treatment of persistent oral lichen planus: Three cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease with unknown etiology. There are many clinical types of OLP. OLP cases are often asymptomatic; however, atrophic or erosive forms may cause sensitivity, burning, and discomfort. The best model of the OLP treatment modality is to evaluate the restorations that may lead to oral mucosa hypersensitivity as the first step. Local corticosteroid injection therapy may be preferred to eliminate the possible systemic side effects of systemic corticosteroid medication in patients with OLP. The aim of this case series is to evaluate treatment alternatives in OLP.
Factors Influencing an Individual’s Decision to Donate to a State University

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Higher education needs sustainable forms of funding to operate successfully. As government funding is limited (Morshidi & Sarjit, 2007) and may reach the maximum at some near point in time, state (and other) universities have acknowledged that they must develop additional revenue streams (Bloland, 2002; Mora & Nugent, 1998). An increasingly important financial stream to higher education now evident is philanthropy (Cutlip, 1990; Hall, 1992; Johnstone, 2004; Prince & File, 1994); that is, donations from the general public to the universities for either specific or nontagged purposes.
Evaluation of Euler-like sums via Hurwitz zeta values

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we collect two generalizations of harmonic numbers (namelygeneralized harmonic numbers and hyperharmonic numbers) under one roof.Recursion relations, closed-form evaluations, and generating functions of thisunified extension are obtained. In light of this notion we evaluate someparticular values of Euler sums in terms of odd zeta values. We alsoconsider the noninteger property and some arithmetical aspects of this unifiedextension.
Conclusions: Deeper Encounters With Historical Scholarship and Prospects for Apologetics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This concluding chapter continues the ‘case study’ of ‘James’, a young man raised in a non-Christian home who is converted to Christianity but subsequently exposed to sceptical claims about the incarnational narrative of the New Testament. A number of possible responses that James could make to the sceptical claims are considered, looking at the case in which James himself is able to carry out a deeper investigation of the problems by devoting some serious study to contemporary historical scholarship concerning the story of Jesus. Such an examination can be undertaken at many different levels, and at some levels, a great amount of preliminary knowledge is required in order to be competent to form critical judgements. The situation is investigated by imagining various levels of study on the part of James. These are (in order of increasing level): a review of the conclusions of important scholars; an examination of the criteria of authenticity employed by many New Testament scholars, and the uncertainty that may emerge from this; other, deeper reasons for doubts about critical historical scholarship (philosophical and literary assumptions); the problem of biblical historical critics as an interpretative (rather than an objective) community; and apologetics (old and new).
Abstract 294: Impact Of COVID‐19 Pandemic On Incidence And Outcome Of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis: A Nationwide Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Coagulation pathway activation linked to COVID‐19 predisposes patients to thromboembolic events. The association between cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) and COVID‐19 has been reported in small retrospective studies and case reports and series.ObjectivesTo examine the incidence of CVST before and during COVID‐19 pandemic and to analyze patients’ demographics and clinical outcome using a nationally representative database. Methods The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) 2018‐2021 databases were queried for CVST patients. Patients were stratified into cohorts based on COVID‐19 as a primary diagnosis. Demographics, comorbidities, rate of stroke and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score were compared between the two groups. Primary outcomes were in‐hospital mortality, and the rate of favorable hospital outcome defined as discharge to home or acute rehab center. Propensity score matching was used for multivariable analyses. Poisson regression analysis was used to analyze CVST trends between pre‐pandemic (2018‐2019) and pandemic (2020‐2021) time periods. Results Of 37,635 patients with CVST, 385 had COVID‐19 as a primary diagnosis. A higher proportion of patients with COVID‐19 were Black (24.3% vs 16.0%) and Hispanic (20.3% vs 12.3%). The COVID‐19 cohort had a higher mean Elixhauser Comorbidity Score (11.03 vs 8.63, p=0.03) and higher baseline NIHSS score (15.91 vs 6.38, p=0.001). The COVID‐19 group experienced higher rates of in‐hospital mortality (13.0% vs 5.7%, p=0.007) and longer mean length of stay (12.58 vs 8.11 days, p=0.008). A lower proportion of patients had favorable hospital outcome in the COVID‐19 cohort (45.5% vs 57.7%, p=0.031). However, primary outcomes were comparable in adjusted, propensity matched multivariable analyses. Trend analysis showed a significant increase in CVST rates each year from 2018‐2021, with the greatest increase (33%, p<0.001) occurring during the pandemic between 2020 and 2021. Conclusions CVST rates increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic. COVID‐19 related CVST disproportionately affected Black and Hispanic patients and trended towards worse hospital outcomes.
Statistical Interdependence between Daily Precipitation and Extreme Daily Temperature in Regions of Mexico and Colombia

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

We study the statistical interdependence between daily precipitation and daily extreme temperature for regions of Mexico (14 climatic stations, period 1960–2020) and Colombia (7 climatic stations, period 1973–2020) using linear (cross-correlation and coherence) and nonlinear (global phase synchronization index, mutual information, and cross-sample entropy) synchronization metrics. The information shared between these variables is relevant and exhibits changes when comparing regions with different climatic conditions. We show that precipitation and temperature records from La Mojana are characterized by high persistence, while data from Mexico City exhibit lower persistence (less memory). We find that the information exchange and the level of coupling between the precipitation and temperature are higher for the case of the La Mojana region (Colombia) compared to Mexico City (Mexico), revealing that regions where seasonal changes are almost null and with low temperature gradients (less local variability) tend to display higher synchrony compared to regions where seasonal changes are very pronounced. The interdependence characterization between precipitation and temperature represents a robust option to characterize and analyze the collective dynamics of the system, applicable in climate change studies, as well as in changes not easily identifiable in future scenarios.
2004 Initial Assessments of Closure for the S-SX Tank Farm: Numerical Simulations

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In support of CH2M HILL Hanford Group, Inc.'s (CHG) preparation of a Field Investigative Report (FIR) for the closure of the Hanford Site Single-Shell Tank (SST) Waste Management Area (WMA) tank farms, a set of numerical simulations of flow and solute transport was executed to investigate different potential contaminant source scenarios that may pose long-term risks to groundwater from the closure of the S-SX Tank Farm. This report documents the simulation of 7 cases (plus two verification) involving two-dimensional cross sections through the S Tank Farm (Tanks S-101, S102, and S-103) and the simulation of one case involving three-dimensional domain of the S Tank Farm. Using a unit release scenario at Tank S-103, three different types of leaks were simulated. These simulations assessed the effect of leaks during retrieval as well as residual wastes and ancillary equipment after closure. Two transported solutes were considered: uranium-238 (U-238) and technetium-99 (Tc 99). To evaluate the effect of sorption on contaminant transport, six different sorption coefficients were simulated for U 238. Overall, simulations results for the S Tank Farm showed that only a small fraction (< 0.4%) of the U-238 with sorption coefficients 0.6 mL/g migrated from the vadose zone in all of the cases. For the conservative solute, Tc-99, results showed that the simulations investigating leaks during retrieval demonstrated the highest peak concentrations and the earliest arrival times due to the high infiltration rate before water was added and surface barriers installed. Residual leaks were investigated with different release rate models, including uniform release, advection-dominated, diffusion-dominated, and saltcake (solubility-controlled) release models. Of the four models, peak concentrations were lowest and arrival times later for the uniform release model due to the lower release rate of the residual tank waste solids; similar high peak concentrations occurred for the advection-dominated and the salt cake models due to the higher release rate. For the tank ancillary equipment leak case, the diffusion-dominated release rate model yielded peak concentrations and arrival times that were similar to the majority of the past leak cases for residual tank wastes. Comparison between the results of the two-dimensional and those of the three-dimensional simulations show that the two-dimensional simulation significantly overestimated the peak concentrations of the contaminants by a factor of about 41 for Tc-99 and 37 for U-238 with sorption coefficient of 0.03 mL/g.
Endophytics Bacteria from Pangi Fruit (Pangium edule REINW.) and Its Potential as Producer of Antibacterial Compound

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Natural antibacterials can be derived from various types of plants, one of which is the Pangi plant (Pangium edule REINW.). Pangi fruit contains an antioxidant and antibacterial compound that can inhibit bacterial growth. This study aims to determine the isolates of endophytic bacteria contained in Pangi fruit and its potential as a producer of antibacterial compounds against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This study used exploratory description research method. Results Isolation research of endophytic bacteria from Pangi fruit obtained seven isolates. Each Isolate has a different morphology both from the shape, color, edges, and colony elevation. Based on the results of antibacterial activity testing, each isolate of endophytic bacteria showed different clear zone diameters. Endophytic bacteria showed different clear zone diameters against E. coli (0.75 mm – 4.5 mm) and S. aureus (1 mm – 5 mm). Endophytic bacterial isolates That have the potential as antibacterial with the largest clear zone diameter are Isolate PA 2.1 (4.5 mm) against E. c oli and isolate PA 3.2 (5 mm) against the bacteria S. aureus. Based on the results of morphological characterization of isolate PA 1.1 has similarities with the genus Basillus sp., isolates PA 1.2, PA 1.3 PA 2.2, PA 3.1 and PA 3.2 have similarity with the genus Basillus sp. PA 3.2 has similarities with the genus Paracoccus alcaliphilus and isolate PA 2.1 has similarities with the genus Alcaligenes sp.
Inequalities in child injuries in Nepal: findings of a community based survey in Makwanpur

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background The lack of data on prevalence, risk factors, costs and consequences of child injuries has led to a lack of awareness and understanding of the problem in low income countries. Aim To investigate whether socio-economic status of families is associated with injury morbidity among children in rural Nepal. Results A community based household survey was conducted in Makwanpur district, Nepal. Families of children with injuries, which required treatment or caused problems for at least 3 days, were interviewed. A total of 2868 households were analysed using Factor Analysis to create SES wealth status and the households were ranked into five quintiles. The relationship of wealth status with socio-economic and demographic characteristics will be presented. Findings Only 6.3% (181) of survey households reported that a child was injured. Injured children disproportionately came from the lowest wealth quintiles. The ratio of lowest to highest quintiles was 1.37 (PCA). OR for the lowest SES quintile (1.27; 95% CI 0.78 to 2.06) when compared to the highest. OR for having 3–4 children per household (2.30; 95% CI 1.62 to 3.27) and for having 5 or more children per household (3.42; 95% CI 2.45 to 5.21) compared to 1–2 children per household; the second lowest and middle quintiles have highest injury risk. Having three or more children/household was found to be a risk factor for child injury. The ORs exhibit complex trends with increased SES levels. Significance There are few examples of studies examining child injury and inequalities in low and middle income countries. There is a need to study inequalities in injury to help guide more effective prevention.
Microstructural differences between single-species and dual-species biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella parvula, before and after exposure to chlorhexidine

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Dual-species biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella parvula are less susceptible to antimicrobials than single-species biofilms of the same microorganisms. The microstructure of single and dual-species biofilms of S. mutans and/or V. parvula was visualized to find out whether the spatial arrangement of bacteria in biofilms is related to survival strategies against antimicrobials. Biofilms were grown in glass-bottomed 96-well microtiter plates and exposed to chlorhexidine at 48 h. Fluorescent probes were used for staining. The microstructure of biofilms was analyzed by confocal scanning laser microscopy at 48, 96, 192, and 264 h. Spatial arrangement analysis was performed using DAIME software for 48 h biofilms. A decrease in the viability and thickness in all types of biofilms was detected after chlorhexidine treatment in time. In untreated biofilms, clustering was observed. In chlorhexidine-treated single-species biofilms, bacteria were dispersed. However, the most prominent clustering was observed in chlorhexidine-treated dual-species biofilm bacteria, which had a higher survival rate compared with chlorhexidine-treated single-species biofilms. Bacteria in dual-species biofilms establish a specific spatial arrangement, forming clusters within distances below 1.2 microm as a survival strategy against antimicrobials while the same bacteria lack this defensive construction in a single-species biofilm.
Sexgod Gummies Canada Is Your Worst Enemy. 6 Ways To Defeat It

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

SexGod Gummies Canada are one of the incredible choices to support men's conceptive wellbeing to the pinnacle. The masculinity gets raised with the strong mixes highlighted in the recipe. It supposedly attempts to build the size and circumference of the penis. The individual can accomplish better sexual drive and perseverance levels and further develop endurance to endure longer in bed. You persuade the capacity to be a monster on the bed, alongside a lot more medical advantages.