jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Some implications of the new speed–volume curves to highway user cost and sizing of roads

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper investigates some implications of the speed–volume relationships for two-lane rural highways as proposed in the new edition of the U.S. Highway Capacity Manual, which is expected to be completed soon. The effect of the new speed–volume curves on road user costs is analysed by considering the case of Alberta Transportation. The analysis carried out in this paper indicates that the new speed–volume curves, when employed with the traditional values of other variables, such as vehicle running costs and value of travel time, produce cost–volume relationships that might appear unacceptable from both the highway agencies' and the road users' perspective. To overcome such a limitation it is suggested that a cost of comfort and convenience should be computed and added to the user cost.Basing their proposal on a survey of Alberta households and the actual practice of road sizing by Alberta Transportation, the authors present a generalized mathematical model to estimate the cost of comfort and convenience. The structure of the model and its independent variables include the considerations of (a) the relative importance of driving comfort as perceived by road users, (b) the unsatisfied demand (overtaking demand minus actual overtaking) curve, (c) the type of road use, (d) volume-to-capacity ratio, (e) desired highway speed, and (f) vehicle classification. The paper discusses and demonstrates how this model can be calibrated and used for economic analysis for designing and upgrading of rural highways. Key words: transportation, highway economic analysis, road user costs, cost of comfort, speed–volume curves, highway design.
Fuel Price Increase: Unveiling the Torments and Agonies of the Transportation Sector — Basis for Policy Formation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aimed to investigate the impact of oil price hikes on the transportation sector in Padada, Davao del Sur. Utilizing a phenomenological approach and qualitative design, purposive sampling was conducted among fourteen participants from various transportation sectors. Data was analyzed through Data Reduction, Data Display, and Conclusion Verification, with assistance from a data analyst. The findings indicate that rising fuel prices significantly affect livelihoods and lifestyles, highlighting the broader impact of global issues on local communities. Additionally, increased oil prices have led to fare adjustments, impacting passengers' monthly budgets. The study suggests that government programs to support local transportation owners and drivers and initiatives for domestic oil exploration could mitigate these effects. Budget constraints and fuel price stabilization policies were also identified as relevant considerations for public administration. Consequently, it is recommended that the Local Government Unit of Padada, Davao del Sur, propose policies to address the impact of oil price increases on the transportation sector. Additionally, revising and strengthening Municipality Ordinance 003, Series of 2009, which allows for passenger fare adjustments based on daily oil prices, is advised.
Some ideas on the use of mine induced seismic monitoring to characterize a fractured rockmass based on a conceptual stress-velocity-seismicity-geomechanical model

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

It is postulated that, for any rock mass, a relationship exists between the stresses acting within the rock mass, the rock mass's stiffness (which may reflect ongoing failure), the seismic wave propagation characteristics of the rock mass, and the seismic energy released within the rock mass as a result of failure. The above can be called the rock mass's stress-stiffness-velocity-seismicity (σ-E-v-s) relation. For mining in brittle rock, it is proposed that an understanding of the rock mass σ-E-v-s relation can assist the engineer in delineating different geomechanical domains, determining rock mass properties, identifying rock mass deformation mechanisms, and quantifying the effects of rock mass failure. This understanding is generated through linkage analysis of data obtained from conventional geomechanical procedures, numerical stress analysis, and seismic methods. Ultimately, the mine design engineer may then use this understanding to develop safer and more productive mining strategies. Case histories from Canadian hard rock mines are used to demonstrate the above theoretical concepts under normal mine operating conditions.
Telling it how it really is? : life in organisations revealed using Heideggerian phenomenology

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

\n\t\t\t\t\tHeideggerian phenomenology is expounded here as a qualitative methodology of value in researching &quot;how things really are&quot; in organisational life. It is a methodology, and a philosophy, which recognises a priori the value ofthe subjective, lived experience of the informant, and the physical, sociological and psychological phenomena that come together to create their life-world. In this paper, the authors present cases where this methodology successfully revealed the respondents' reality. Stories about working in teams and being downsized are shared to demonstrate the ability of Heideggerian phenomenology to reveal how life really is in organisations.<br />\n\t\t\t\t
Examining the Potential of a Random Forest Derived Cloud Mask from GOES-R Satellites to Improve Solar Irradiance Forecasting

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In order for numerical weather prediction (NWP) models to correctly predict solar irradiance reaching the earth’s surface for more accurate solar power forecasting, it is important to initialize the NWP model with accurate cloud information. Knowing where the clouds are located is the first step. Using data from geostationary satellites is an attractive possibility given the low latencies and high spatio-temporal resolution provided nowadays. Here, we explore the potential of utilizing the random forest machine learning method to generate the cloud mask from GOES-16 radiances. We first perform a predictor selection process to determine the optimal predictor set for the random forest predictions of the horizontal cloud fraction and then determine the appropriate threshold to generate the cloud mask prediction. The results show that the random forest method performs as well as the GOES-16 level 2 clear sky mask product with the ability to customize the threshold for under or over predicting cloud cover. Further developments to enhance the cloud mask estimations for improved short-term solar irradiance and power forecasting with the MAD-WRF NWP model are discussed.
A scheme for the separation and estimation of nitrogenous components of the excreta from poultry

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Synopsis An account is given of the development of a new scheme for assessing the relative proportions of nitrogenous end‐products of digestion and metabolism in excreta from laying hens. A series of solvent extractions with methanol‐chloroform‐water, phenol‐acetic acid‐water and lithium carbonate solution removed over 90 per cent of the nitrogen from excreta. In each extract estimations were made of the concentrations of certain nitrogenous components considered to be important such as urate, ammonia, urea, creatine, creatinine and amino acids. Fractionation of nitrogen in a sample of excreta showed that over half the nitrogen appeared in the methanol‐water extract and about a third in the phenol‐acetic acid‐water extract. About 60 per cent of the extractable nitrogen was derived from urate, about 10 per cent from large non‐dialysable molecules, 9 per cent from ammonia, 2 per cent from free amino acids, possibly 3 per cent from peptides, 2 per cent from urea and 1 per cent from creatine and creatinine.
Enhancing Treatment Success in Osteoporosis: Optimising the Use of Teriparatide

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Osteoporosis, a chronic metabolic bone disease affecting over 200 million people globally, is characterised by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration, leading to an increased risk of fractures.The prevalence and associated healthcare costs of osteoporosis are substantial, with an estimated 27.6 million individuals in the European Union (EU) living with the condition in 2010.Fractures, particularly vertebral and hip fractures, are linked to reduced health-related quality of life and increased mortality risk.While several efficacious osteoporosis treatments are available, none are suitable for permanent use.Instead, clinicians employ a sequential therapy approach in which patients transition between treatments, based on their individual risk factors.
Clinical outcomes of negative serum thyroglobulin but positive diagnostic I-131 whole-body scans in patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer after first remnant ablation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

395 Objectives To evaluate the incidence and clinical implications of radioiodine uptake(RAIU) in the thyroid bed on diagnostic wholebody I-131 scan(DWBS) but negative stimulated serum Tg level after initial thyroid ablation in patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer(DTC). Methods We retrospectively analyzed 607 consecutively DTC patients with TgAb value Results Among 607 patients (TgAb value Conclusions Our study conﬁrms that thyroid bed uptake on whole-body scanning can be found in DTC patients despite a negative stimulated serum Tg level according to two TgAb cut-off values. TgAb may be involved in RAIU in the thyroid bed. An alternative ‘‘watchful waiting’’ is a better option at least in the short term.
Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Novel 1-Substituted 3-(4,5-Substituted 1,2,4-Triazol-3-yl)-β-carboline Derivatives

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Schiff bases, 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-d][1,2,3,4]thiatriazoles, and 1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles carrying the β-carboline nucleus were synthesized from 3-(4-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-β-carbolines. The compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antitumor activity against eight human cancer cell lines. The 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-d][1,2,3,4]thiatriazole derivatives showed a broad spectrum of antitumor activity, with GI50 values lower than 13 μM for all cell lines tested. In general, all tested compounds showed potent activity against the breast (MCF-7) cancer cell line, with GI50 values in the range of 2.07 to 4.58 μM.
Photoelectronic Properties of p-Type CdTe in an Aqueous Solution

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The current-potential relations under monochromatic irradiation and the quantum efficiency-wavelength relations of p-type CdTe with different acceptor concentrations have been measured in a 0.1 N NaOH solution. The photocurrent was observed under cathodic polarization and the photoresponse spectra agreed approximately with those estimated theoretically. The quantum efficiency was found to be strongly affected by surface recombination, and it had a maximum value of 0.85 with an N a acceptor concentration of about 10 16 cm -3 .
Abstract 5282: Pretargeted immunoPET for imaging human colonic cancer in a mouse model

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective: Molecular imaging with pretargeting bispecific antibodies allows rapid and specific targeting of tumors for PET imaging. In this study, pretargeted immunoPET with a bispecific monoclonal anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA; CEACAM5) × anti-hapten antibody (bsMAb) and a small (1.5 kD) peptide labeled with a short-lived positron-emitter 68Ga was compared to FDG for detection of intraperitoneal CEA-expressing human colonic tumor xenografts in nude mice. Methods: In BALB/c nude mice LS174T human colonic tumor cells were injected intraperitoneally. One group (n=5) received 5 MBq FDG i.v., and another group (n=5) received the bsMAb i.v. and 5 MBq of 68Ga-labeled peptide i.v. 16 h later. One hour after the injection of the peptide or FDG, PET/CT images were acquired. One day later the same procedure was repeated vice versa, and after microPET imaging the uptake of the 68Ga or 18F in dissected tissue was determined. Results: Within one hour, specific tumor targeting of 68Ga-labeled peptide (23.4 ± 7.2% ID/g) combined with the low background activity levels resulted in the clear visualization of the small intra-abdominal tumor lesions (1.5-5 mm). High tumor/background radioactivity concentration ratios were obtained (e.g. tumor/intestines 57.5 ± 22.4). FDG localized efficiently in the tumors (8.7 ± 3.1 % ID/g), but with physiological uptake in various normal tissues (ratio tumor/intestines 4.0 ± 0.9). Conclusion: Pretargeted immunoPET performs exceptionally well with short-lived radionuclides, and is a highly sensitive procedure for dectection of small tumor deposits that is also more specific than FDG-PET. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5282. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5282
Design and Experiment Verification of Flywheel-based Kinetic Harvester

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a flywheel-based kinetic harvester, which uses an unidirectional rotating flywheel as an energy storage intermediary for the problem that general electromagnetic energy harvesters obtain energy as alternating current. In order to solve the flywheel parameter rectification problem in a small-sized space, an optimization model of the flywheel parameters is developed and solved. Experiments are carried out to verify the influence of the flywheel parameters on the performance of the energy harvester in a real environment. Finally, experiments show that the kinetic harvester has good power output performance at low frequency motion.
Cultural heritage as a common resource : the role of collaboration between stakeholders in the management of cultural heritage

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Currently, a particularly important issue in the context of cultural heritage management is the question of sustainable development, in which cultural heritage objects are analyzed in terms of their economic, social and cultural values. The most accepted perspective in the current discussions focuses on the formulation and implementation of cultural policies, while, on the other hand, much less space is given to local communities, their needs and expectations in relation to available resources of cultural heritage. In this text I will discuss the issue of functioning of various objects of cultural heritage within local communities and the management of those objects at the local level. A particular emphasis will be placed on the issue of multiplicity of cultural heritage stakeholders and the interactions between them.
ChemInform Abstract: Platinum(0)‐Catalyzed Indolyne Insertion into Bis(pinacolato)diboron Followed by Site‐Selective Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Starting from 5,6‐bispinacolyl substituted N‐methylindole conditions for the chemo‐ and regioselective two‐step arylation or alkenylation in order to form new 5,6‐difunctionalized indole derivatives are developed.
Preparation of Poly(diphenylamine-4,4′-diyl) and a Related Polymer by Organometallic Polycondensation and Their Properties

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Nickel-promoted dehalogenation polymerization of bis(4-bromophenyl)amine gives poly(diphenylamine-4,4′-diyl) with a [η] value of 0.66 dLg−1 in high yield. The polymer has been characterized by IR, 1H-NMR and UV-visible spectroscopy and shows semiconductivity when treated with acids. Poly(azobenzene-4,4′-diyl) has been prepared in an analogous way.
PERBANDINGAN MORPHOMETRIK - MERISTIK JANTAN DAN BETINA IKAN KERLING (Tor tambroides) DARI DAS DI ACEH BARAT

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Kerling fish (Tor spp) is a species of freshwater fish, belonging to the family Cyprinidae. In Aceh Province there are three species of fish of very commercial i.e. Tor tambroides,Tor soro and Tor tambra. In this author's research focuses on Tor tambriodes. Survey results obtained by researchers in field description of the species is quite difficult to distinguish the character of males and females (unlike other Cyprinidae fish). Because that's what needs to be done comparative studies of characters within the same species morphometric and meristic approach. These are qualitative research (survey), is a method for the measurement of morphometric and character counting/meristic refers to the twinkle and Menezes (1974), and Jayaram (1981, 2002). The number of specimens to be analyzed i.e. 20 species (10 females: 10 males). The research results obtained that based on the characteristics of the morphometric there is no noticeable difference between females and males. However the qualitative character of morphometric visible presence of noticeable difference between females and males in character: body color, the profile of the muzzle, the thickness of the lips. While the study does not look meristic the existence of the real difference between females and males. Thus to view differences characterized the fish are females and the male Tor tambroides saw enough character body color (bright golden yellow: female, dark: male), the profile of the muzzle (convex: female, flat: male) and the profile lip up/down (thin, thick: females: males).
Local supervisory algorithm for reactive power dispatching of a wind farm

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) are more and more used in wind farms. Their reactive power generation capabilities are related to their operating points (wind speeds). This paper describes a hierarchical supervisory of the reactive power in a wind farm and focuses on the reactive power local supervisory unit of each DFIG based wind generator. In this context, a local supervisory algorithm is proposed for reactive power dispatching by taking into account three modes of the wind farm operating.
Resonance Raman effect in mu-oxo-bis[iron(III) tetraphenylporphyrin].

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Resonance Raman spectra of mu-oxo-bis[iron(III) tetraphenylporphyrin] have been observed and compared to Raman spectra of the monomers iron(III) tetraphenylporphyrin chloride and bis(piperidine)iron(II) tetraphenylporphyrin. Selection rules for the Raman effect under conditions of resonance of the incident photons with electronic states are presented for the exact symmetry group (C2) and the pseudo-symmetry group (D4d): emphasis is placed on the physical processes involved in scattering via vibronic states of the dimer. These two models are experimentally distinguishable in the behavior of the depolarization ratios of the dimer vibrational doublets. Experimental data favor the assignment of D4d as the symmetry group relevant to a description of the various states of the dimer. The usefulness of resonance Raman spectra of the mu-oco-dimer of Fe(III) tetraphenylporphyrin has been discussed with respect to several biochemical systems where there is strong evidence of two or more closely interacting chromophores.
Microsensor Monitors Eye Pressure

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

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Validation of Artificial Intelligence Computer-Aided Detection on Gastric Neoplasm in Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background/Objectives: Gastric cancer ranks fifth for incidence and fourth in the leading causes of mortality worldwide. In this study, we aimed to validate previously developed artificial intelligence (AI) computer-aided detection (CADe) algorithm, called ALPHAON® in detecting gastric neoplasm. Methods: We used the retrospective data of 500 still images, including 5 benign gastric ulcers, 95 with gastric cancer, and 400 normal images. Thereby we validated the CADe algorithm measuring accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity with the result of receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) and area under curve (AUC) in addition to comparing the diagnostic performance status of four expert endoscopists, four trainees, and four beginners from two university-affiliated hospitals with CADe algorithm. After a washing-out period of over 2 weeks, endoscopists performed gastric detection on the same dataset of the 500 endoscopic images again marked by ALPHAON®. Results: The CADe algorithm presented high validity in detecting gastric neoplasm with accuracy (0.88, 95% CI: 0.85 to 0.91), sensitivity (0.93, 95% CI: 0.88 to 0.98), specificity (0.87, 95% CI: 0.84 to 0.90), and AUC (0.962). After a washing-out period of over 2 weeks, overall validity improved in the trainee and beginner groups with the assistance of ALPHAON®. Significant improvement was present, especially in the beginner group (accuracy 0.94 (0.93 to 0.96) p < 0.001, sensitivity 0.87 (0.82 to 0.92) p < 0.001, specificity 0.96 (0.95 to 0.97) p < 0.001). Conclusions: The high validation performance state of the CADe algorithm system was verified. Also, ALPHAON® has demonstrated its potential to serve as an endoscopic educator for beginners improving and making progress in sensitivity and specificity.
Causes and Consequences of Expectation Trajectories

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Although expectations are key theoretical antecedents of emotion and behavior, expectations are typically examined as static properties without deep consideration of their temporal dynamics. We surveyed residents of California over five time points, during the month preceding a public ballot initiative on cannabis legalization (California Proposition 19) and after the election, to examine both the causes and the consequences of residents’ expectation trajectories regarding the vote’s outcome. Our results point to the importance of changes in individuals’ expectations over time. Specifically, well-informed voters were likely to lower their expectations regarding the measure’s passage as the vote neared, in line with polling results, but being informed about the initiative had less impact on expectation trajectories among voters who favored the measure than among those who opposed it. Furthermore, supporters who maintained their optimism about the initiative’s outcome over time were more likely to vote and were more disappointed following the measure’s failure, compared with supporters who became more pessimistic. The findings suggest that temporal changes in people’s optimism and expectations play a unique role in social behavior.