jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Molecular species analysis of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor of Torpedo marmorata acetylcholinesterase.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We analyzed the molecular species composition of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor of Torpedo marmorata acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and compared it to that of the membrane phosphatidylinositol (PI) as well as the other major phospholipid classes of T. marmorata electrocytes. Purified amphiphilic AChE was treated with PI-specific phospholipase C in order to release the diradylglycerol moiety from the membrane anchoring domain. Subsequently, the diradylglycerols were derivatized into their diradylglycer-obenzoates and separated into subclasses (diacyl, alkylacyl, and alk-1-enylacyl types). The molecular species within each subclass were separated and quantitated by high performance liquid chromatography and UV detection and directly introduced through the thermospray interface into a mass spectrometer for identification. The PI moiety of the GPI anchor of AChE consisted exclusively of diacyl molecular species. Over 85% of the molecular species were composed of palmitoyl (16:0), stearoyl (18:0), and oleoyl (18:1) fatty acyl chains in the sn-1 and sn-2 positions. Less than 5% of the molecular species of the GPI anchor contained polyunsaturated fatty acyl chains, as compared to more than 70% of the diacyl molecular species of the PI from electrocyte membranes. Since the GPI anchors of AChE from both human and bovine erythrocytes contain alkylacyl molecular species of PI (Roberts, W. L., Myher, J. J., Kuksis, A., Low, M. G., and Rosenberry, T. L. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 18766-18775), our results on AChE from Torpedo demonstrate that the composition of the PI moiety of the GPI anchor of a protein is not characteristic for that protein but may vary between species.
SENSORY DIFFERENCE TESTS: THURSTONIAN AND SSA PREDICTIONS FOR VANILLA FLAVORED YOGURTS

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT The Thurstonian prediction that judges will get a higher proportion of correct 3‐AFC tests than triangle tests was confirmed using a yogurt system. As predicted, d′ values for the triangle and 3‐AFC tests corresponded. Sequential Sensitivity Analysis predictions for the sensitivity of various tasting sequences were confirmed for the 3‐AFC test but not the triangle test. Further predictions that the 2‐AFC is more sensitive than the 3‐AFC were confirmed. This increase in sensitivity more than offset the greater statistical power of the 3‐AFC. Difficulties of specifying the nature of the difference for the 2‐AFC and 3‐AFC tests were overcome using a warm‐up procedure.
Investigation of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting at Elevated Temperatures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Due to their capability to convert mechanical energy directly to electrical energy, piezoelectric energy harvesters have become a new powering choice for many electronic devices. This work demonstrates piezoelectric energy harvester systems operating in environments ranging from room temperature up to 82°C and compares their performance using different piezoelectric materials. The systems are structured with a PMN-PT (lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate) single crystal patch bonded to an aluminum cantilever beam, PIN-PMN-PT (lead indium niobate-lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate) single crystal patch bonded to an aluminum cantilever beam and a bimorph cantilever beam which is made by lead zirconate titanate (PZT). The results show that temperature has affected the output power of the energy harvesting system in a complex way and shifted the resonance frequency to a lower value. The results provide an invaluable reference for energy harvesting in harsh environments.
A Descriptive Case Study of Individuals with Presumed Ocular Histoplasmosis Syndrome Utilizing a Facebook Support Group

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This dissertation describes the experiences of people diagnosed with presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome as they participate in an online peer-support group on Facebook. This is a descriptive case study of factors related to adjustment, treatment, emotional distress, access to services, and online peer support. Participants were interviewed and observed, and documents were collected to describe this phenomenon.
Removal of phosphate from fresh water using bioirontech process

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

BioIronTech is a biological process of employing iron-reducing bacteria to reduce ferric iron (Fe3+) to ferrous iron (Fe2+) under strict anaerobic conditions. The reduced iron can then react with the phosphate (PO43-) to form insoluble ferrous phosphates. This chemical reaction can be applied to remove phosphates from freshwater. This research report focuses on the removal of phosphate from fresh water using the BioIronTech process as phosphate plays the role of limiting nutrient for the occurrence of eutrophication. A series of experiments were conducted with samples of freshwater from the same source, which was passed through biofilters containing iron ore. Levels of phosphate and ferrous iron were periodically monitored to study the effectiveness of BioIronTech to remove phosphate from freshwater. Other tests carried out include ORP, pH, turbidity, TOC, colour, chlorophyll-a and total iron. This report also discusses briefly the procedures used and the apparatus required in this process. From the results obtained, there is sufficient evidence that ferric iron is reduced to ferrous iron in the anaerobic columns. The reduction of phosphate varied proportionally to the amount of ferrous iron present proving the reaction between ferrous iron and phosphate. At the end of the second trial, the water passing through the iron ore biofilter showed a phosphate concentration of zero. This denotes a 100 percentage phosphate removal; however the control system also showed a 90% phosphate removal. Thus, the entire removal of phosphate could not be attributed to the BioIronTech process. Instead the interference of other forms of phosphorus removal such as Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal which employs phosphate-accumulating organisms has to be acknowledged also. Nonetheless, the formation of high amounts of reddish-brown sediments in the iron ore tank, positively points to precipitation of ferric iron compounds in the system. This indicates the occurrence of BioIronTech process in the iron ore system. In addition, eutrophication did not occur in the system with iron ore biofilter, while the control system showed obvious signs of eutrophication. Thus the experiment conducted proved the ability of BioIronTech to prevent eutrophication.
Evaluation of inadequately filled radiology request forms with its impact on patient radiation exposure and waiting time in a tertiary care hospital

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Adequate and accurate clinical history on a properly filled request form is indispensable if a clinically relevant radiological diagnosis is to be made. Moreover, clinicians need to clearly justify their requests for radiological procedures on a request form to prevent unnecessary radiation exposures and examinations with attendant prolonged waiting time. Objective: The study audited inadequately filled radiology request forms to determine their impacts on diagnosis, patient radiation exposure, and waiting time. Materials and Methods: Following an institutional review board approval, a total of 158 inadequately filled request forms for conventional X-ray examinations were sequentially enlisted and evaluated. Scorings as filled, inadequately filled, and unfilled were used to score each item based on the following: patient biodata/demographic information and patient referral details and referring physician details. Request forms for repeat examinations were further analyzed for remote factors tied to inadequate filling or lack of filling of the details on the repeat forms. Data were analyzed based on descriptive statistics using SPSS statistical software. Results: Patient names including first and surname were adequately filled on all the request cards (100%). Information related to patient referral details such as previous X-ray examination, blood pressure, and last menstrual period were inadequately filled with 4.4%, 2.5%, and 19.7% completion, respectively. Of the 158 request forms assessed, 33 (20.9%) examinations were repeated due to partial or complete cutoff of anatomic region of interest analysis showing inadequate clinical history and requested examination accounting for 45.5% and 24.2% of the remote factors tied to the repeats. Conclusion: The practice of adequate, correct, and consistent filling of radiology request forms was suboptimal with resultant prolonged waiting time and possibly increased exposure among repeat cases. A continued reminder of all referring clinicians needs to be improved to protect patients from prolonged waiting times and unnecessary radiation exposure, for the overall improvement of quality of services. Implications for Practice: Adequate information on the request forms improves diagnostic acuracy, reduced waiting time, and increased overall quality of service delivery.
SUPERCRITICAL CO2 EXTRACTION OF NUTMEG OIL

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Nutmeg oil diekstrak dari biji pala kering yang telah dihaluskan dengan ukuran 20/24 mesh. Pengaruh tekanan, temperatur dan waku ekstraksi dipelajari pada penelitian ini. Proses ekstraksi dilakukan pada tekanan ekstraksi 10 – 25 MPa, temperatur ekstraksi 40 – 60 oC dan waktu ekstraksi 60 – 180 menit.
Kenaikan tekanan ekstraksi menyebabkan yield nutmeg oil cenderung meningkat, sedangkan meningkatnya temperatur ekstraksi menyebabkan yield nutmeg oil cenderung menurun. Pada tekanan ekstraksi yang lebih tinggi, kenaikan yield minyak pala sudah tidak signifikan lagi dengan pengaruh penurunan temperatur.
Shrinking core model digunakan untuk menggambarkan proses ekstraksi. Dua nilai diffusivitas efektif intrapartikel (De) digunakan sebagai parameter fitting. Nilai fitting De1 yang paling baik adalah 7,332 x 10-9 - 3,64 x 10-8 m2/s dan nilai De2 adalah 4,89 x 10-10 - 4,908 x 10-10 m2/s. Nilai fitting Bi1 yang paling baik adalah 0,00109 - 0,00753 dan nilai Bi2 adalah 0,0028 - 0,0187.Dengan membandingkan data eksperimen dan perhitungan model, shrinking core model dapat menggambarkan data eksperimen dengan baik pada semua kondisi operasi.
PHAGE INDUCED DEPOLYMERASE FOR EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE OF RHIZOBIACEAE

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

An exopolysaccharide depolymerase of Rhizobium trifolii is induced in the host bacterial cells by virulent phage infection. The action of this depolymerase appeared only when exopolysaccharide contained glucuronic acid in the exopolysaccharide chains. The reaction was completely inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and this inhibitory effect was abrogated by Ca2+. This enzyme has a molecular weight of about 4.4×105. Optimum pH, optimum temperature, and minimum dose for the activity of this enzyme were elucidated. No difference in the elution pattern on column chromatography and molar ratio of component materials was found between oligosaccharides of infectious and non-infectious bacterial strains obtained after hydrolysis by the depolymerase.
Peer Review #1 of "Enhanced functional connectivity properties of human brains during in-situ nature experience (v0.2)"

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In this study, we investigated the impacts of in-situ nature and urban exposure on human brain activities and their dynamics.We randomly assigned 32 healthy right-handed college students (mean age =20.6 years, SD= 1.6; 16 males) to a 20 minute in-situ sitting exposure in either a nature (n=16) or urban environment (n=16) and measured their Electroencephalography (EEG) signals.Analyses revealed that a brief in-situ restorative nature experience may induce more efficient and stronger brain connectivity with enhanced small-world properties compared with a stressful urban experience.The enhanced small-world properties were found to be correlated with "coherent" experience measured by Perceived Restorativeness Scale (PRS).Exposure to nature also induces stronger long-term correlated activity across different brain regions with a right lateralization.These findings may advance our understanding of the functional activities during in-situ environmental exposures and imply that a nature or nature-like environment may potentially benefit cognitive processes and mental well-being.
Hepatic Clearance of Drugs in Patients With Renal Insufficiency

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

importance-that will depend on the magnitude of the effect, and the therapeutic range of the target drug.In any case, the modification of therapeutic plans for renal failure patients is not a matter of kinetics alone.Such patients may be taking multiple medications, be generally debilitated, or have intrinsically altered sensitivity to certain drugs.We encourage ongoing discussion of a regulatory position that both encourages drug development and assures patient welfare.
Alternative Finance (Crowdfunding) Regulation in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Balancing Act

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Alternative finance (AF) or crowdfunding is the most notable financial technology (fintech) business model in Latin America and the Caribbean. Although still small in volume, reaching US$110.46 million across the region, its rapid growth poses a challenge for regulators. This paper offers a conceptual understanding of the typical enterprise model for AF, and from it describes the main challenges for regulators. It proposes recommendations for policymakers and regulators, taking into account the need for balance and proportion in terms of the nature, size, and character of the platform.
Towards a New Distributive Principle of Wealth Beyond the Capitalist Market, the State and Labor

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

High unemployment and falls in working class incomes are affecting billions of people around the world: they are being pauperized. Neoliberals and Keynesians consider it possible to achieve full employment by means of applying labor flexibility policies and economic growth. However, surpassing the chimera that is full employment, the rampant poverty is attributable to the principle that regulates the distribution of wealth within capitalism. The socialists of every guild have proposed the principle “ to each according to his work .” Nevertheless, there is an irrefutable fact that calls this principle into question: technological development. Therefore, only a new distributive principle of wealth—one that goes beyond the capitalist market, the State and labor itself—will bring a global economy without poverty.
Endovascular management of intracranial aneurysms during pregnancy in three cases and review of the literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We present three cases of cerebral aneurysms (1 unruptured; 2 ruptured) treated with endovascular techniques in pregnancies. The first ruptured case is a 28-year-old female on 20th gestational week. After the endovascular coiling, the patient suffered persistent hemiparesis and delivered a healthy baby by cesarean section. The second ruptured case is a 25-year-old female on 36th week of pregnancy. She died of aneurysm re-rupture after delivery of a healthy baby by cesarean section. The third unruptured case is a 31-year-old woman on the 26th gestational week of pregnancy who died of a giant basilar tip aneurysm after stent-assisted coiling. Ruptured aneurysm obliteration should be prioritized followed by vaginal delivery or cesarean section. The decision regarding the treatment of unruptured aneurysms should be carefully considered on a case-by-case basis. Stent-assisted coiling may be applicable to aneurysm during pregnancy.
An unusual case of syncope

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Early repolarization syndrome (ERS) is a common electrocardiography (ECG) variant which may prove to be an indicator of increased long-term cardiac mortality in general population. Although the condition is usually considered to be benign, potential arrhythmogenicity of it has been suggested by experimental studies. ERS involving inferolateral leads in the ECG has been seen to be associated with syncopal attacks or sudden cardiac death in young healthy persons. Here, we report a rare case of young asymptomatic healthy male who presented with syncope while at rest and sinus bradycardia with incidental findings of ERS on ECG.
Mother-To-Child Transfer Of Measles Antibody Among Patients Attending University Of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Borno State, Nigeria.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The transfer of Measles specific IgG antibody was assessed in 128 sera of infants and 30 sera of mother-child pairs at delivery. The 158 infants were within the age range of birth to 9 months. Of the 30 serum samples of mother to child pairs, 30(100%) of the mothers had the antibody but only 28(93.3%) passed the antibody to their newborn which means 2(6.7%) of the infants did not acquire the antibody. In the 158 serum samples of infants tested 44.8% (71) were seropositive which means they acquired the antibody while 55.1% (87) were susceptible to measles virus. The result indicates that with increase in age, the percentage susceptibility of infant increases. The antibody level is high (77.8%) in one day olds and none (0%) in 9 months infants. This shows that infants at late ages before vaccination are susceptible to the measles virus. In conclusion, the result shows that infants within the age of 0 to 3 months have a higher level of antibody than other ages. Hence, susceptibility to measles virus in infants within the ages of 7 to 9 months is high.
Relationship between Substance Use and Socioeconomic Variables in Pennsylvania Adolescents: 2009–2017

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose: The goal of the current study is to analyze the substance use trends in Generation Z youth (in both middle and high school environments) and to determine if any correlation exists between substance use behaviors and demographic variables. Methods: Analysis is based on substance use data collected through the Pennsylvania Youth Survey (PAYS) from 2009 to 2017 and the 2016 US census data. Results: Our results suggest that substance use in Gen Z adolescents is mainly linked to alcohol, marijuana, cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, vaping, and narcotic prescription drugs. Alcohol is the most prevalent high-risk substance used by 12th grade students with 69.8% of students having consumed alcohol over their lifetime. Vaping is the next highly used substance with 28.9% of students in 12th grade having vaped 30 day prior to the survey. There is a significant correlation among adolescents between smoking cigarettes and using smokeless tobacco. A student using either alcohol, cigarettes or smokeless tobacco is highly likely to use the other two substances as well. Adolescents from counties with a high Caucasian population were at high risk for cigarette and smokeless tobacco use, while the opposite held true for counties with a high number of foreign-born persons or higher Asian or Hispanic populations. Higher median household incomes and higher adult education levels in a county were both protective factors against smokeless tobacco use. Conclusions: Results of the study suggest that students start experimenting with high-risk substance use in early grades and to combat the prevalence, we suggest the importance of educating adolescents of the dangers of drug use in early grades.
Developing High Quality Public Health Services Across the Union That Are Equally Accessible to All

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Health systems are facing greater demands and challenges. Access to all with high-quality standards has been a key challenge for the European health systems, however, they are engaged to take care of the rights of those in need. This article aims to identify public health areas and values. It offers many opportunities to help policy and decision makers to write “policy briefs” and to clearly outline the rationale for action. It will pursuit to enhance local capacities and skills to plan, implement, evaluate and sustain system improvements. There is a need both at Member State and European levels to support the public health services to shape the future of health and healthcare.
Hybrid Assembly toward Enhanced Thermal Stability of Virus-like Particles and Antibacterial Activity of Polyoxometalates

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In an effort to improve both the stability of virus-like particles (VLPs) and the medical activity of polyoxometalates (POMs), a new hybrid assembly system between human papillomavirus (HPV) capsid protein L1 and a europium-containing POM (EuW10) has been constructed, for the first time, via the electrostatic interactions between them. The co-assembly of EuW10 and HPV 16 L1-pentamer (L1-p) in buffer solution resulted in the encapsulation of POMs in the cavity of VLPs, which was further confirmed by cesium chloride (CsCl) gradient ultracentrifugation, SDS-PAGE, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy, whereas the post-assembly of EuW10 with the as-prepared VLPs leads to the adsorption of POMs only on the external surface of particles, and both cases improved the thermal and storage stabilities of VLPs obviously. Particularly, the encapsulation of POMs in VLPs largely improved the antibacterial activity of EuW10, and thereby, the present study will be significant for both the stability improvement of protein vaccines and the development of POM medicine.
Visualization of the hepatic and intrahepatic portal veins by gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced hepatobiliary-phase MR imaging

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Poster: ECR 2010 / C-0104 / Visualization of the hepatic and intrahepatic portal veins by gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced hepatobiliary-phase MR imaging by: Hyodo, M. Takechi, H. Tanaka, T. Tsuda, T. Mochizuki; Toon/JP
Observed Misuse of Child Restraints

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The high level of crashworthiness of child restraining devices (CRDs) mandated by FMVSS Ho. 213-80, and the dynamic test procedure adopted voluntarily by the industry before 213-80 went into effect, do not necessarily transfer from the laboratory to the family automobile. Correct use of CRDs is essential; misuse reduces or could even defeat the protective potential.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">To establish the magnitude of one part of the misuse problem, 23 observers in 12 states examined installation of CRDs in the forward-facing “toddler” mode for errors in seat belt routing and top tether installation. Of the 3233 crashworthy CRDs observed, 51% required a tether strap. Correct use of tethers was noted in only 16% of these. Of the 2323 CRDs examined for seat belt as well as tether installation, 75% were found to have errors in belt routing, tether use, or both. The consequences of misuse are touched upon, possible reasons for misuse are discussed, and remedies are suggested.</div>
Estonian State Cargo and Passenger S.S. Line v. Laane and Baltser (The Elise).

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Jurisdiction — Personal — Property of Nationals Abroad — Nationalization Decree — Effect of — Enforceability in Territorial Waters of Foreign State — Ships in transitu — Recognition — Of Governments — Of Incorporation of State in Territory of Foreign State — Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic — Recognition de facto — Retroactive Effect of — Nature of — Relationship of Recognition of Governments de facto with Recognition de jure — Decree of Recognized Foreign Government — Validity — Whether Cognizable in Local Courts — Confiscatory Decrees — Enforceability — Belligerent Occupation — Effects of — Prior Unexecuted Nationalization Decrees of Local Sovereign — Whether Enforceable After End of Occupation — German Occupation of Estonia — Conclusiveness of Statements of Executive — Recognition of Estonian Government — Law of Canada