jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Time course of insulin resistance during antiviral therapy in non-diabetic, non-cirrhotic patients with genotype 1 HCV infection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Genotype 1 (G1) hepatitis C virus (HCV) is associated with insulin resistance (IR) and its clearance seems to improve insulin sensitivity. We aimed to evaluate the time course of IR in response to antiviral therapy in non-diabetic, non-cirrhotic G1 HCV patients and to assess the effect of metabolic factors on sustained virological response (SVR). Methods A total of 83 consecutive treatment-naive G1 chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients were evaluated by anthropometric and metabolic measurements, including IR using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Patients were considered to have IR if HOMA was >2.7. All cases had a liver biopsy scored for staging, grading and steatosis. Anthropometric parameters and HOMA were re-evaluated at the end of antiviral therapy and at follow-up. Results SVR was achieved in 46 (55.4%) patients. By logistic regression, female gender (odds ratio [OR] 0.132, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.33–0.529), γ-glutamyltransferase >50 IU (OR 0.217, 95% CI 0.066–0.720) and presence of steatosis (OR 0.134, 95% CI 0.028–0.654) were independent negative predictors of SVR, whereas low-density lipoprotein cholesterol >107 IU (OR 6.671, 95% CI 1.164–11.577) was a positive predictor of SVR. The proportion of patients with IR significantly decreased ( P=0.02) during antiviral therapy and at follow-up in patients achieving SVR. A similar trend, even if not significant, was observed in relapsers and non-responders. Conclusions In non-diabetic G1 HCV patients undergoing antiviral therapy, IR improved in all patients, independently of virological outcome. HCV viral clearance was an additional factor in IR improvement. Female gender, hepatic steatosis and other metabolic parameters, but not IR, were identified as negative predictors of SVR in this study.
[Studies on the chemical constituents of Adina pilulifera].

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The chemical constituents of Adina pilulifera, which were traditionlly used in the area of Yao minority in Southern China, were isolated and characterized. Two compounds were obtained from the ethyl acetate fraction of ethanol extract of Adina pilulifera, and one compound was obtained from the n-butanol fraction of ethanol extract of Adina pilulifera. Their structure were characterized by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with published data to be sarracenin (1), 2-methyl-5, 7-dihydroxychromone (2) and morroniside (3). Except compound 2, other two compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time, and they were also obtained from the Adina genus for the first time.
Fish fauna of Oussudu Lake, Pondicherry, South India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Oussudu Lake (commonly called “Ousteri” ) is a source of water and fishes to the people of Pondicherry region. The lake is now under serious threat of pollution and hence a study was conducted on the species composition and dynamics of the lake fishes. Recommendations pertaining to the management of water quality and fisheries are presented on the basis of the studies
Primary somatosensory cortex and Hebbian associative learning: a novel cross-modal Paired Associative Stimulation (PAS) protocol

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

An increasing number of evidence suggests the existence of a Tactile Mirror System in the human brain: the same cortical network implicated in tactile perception, which comprises the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), also responds to the mere observation of tactile events. It has been suggested that such cross-modal, mirror-like, responses of S1 may arise from Hebbian associative plasticity: the contingency of seeing a touch and the feeling of a tactile sensation on one’s own body may reinforce synapses between visual and somatosensory neurons. \nWe tested this hypothesis introducing a novel cross-modal Paired Associative Stimulation (PAS) protocol. In the cross-modal PAS, a visual stimulus depicting a hand being touched is repeatedly presented, paired with a Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) pulse over S1. \nIn experiment 1, we tested both the temporal and the cortical specificity of the plasticity effects induced by the protocol. Results showed that cross-modal PAS was effective in eliciting Hebbian associative plasticity, modulating subjects’ tactile acuity (measured with a 2-Point Discrimination Task) selectively when the Inter-Stimulus Interval (ISI) between the two paired stimulations was 20 ms and the TMS pulse is delivered over S1. In experiment 2, we looked for evidence for a selectivity of the visual responsiveness of S1 and the role of expectancy during the cross-modal PAS. We also aimed to uncover possible neurophysiological changes in S1 by pairing the measurement of subjects’ tactile acuity with the recording of Somatosensory-Evoked Potentials (SEPs). \nTo sum up, our study provides novel insight of the visual activity of S1, showing that our cross-modal PAS can induce plastic changes in S1, in line with an Hebbian associative learning rule. This evidence also offers new insights on the neural substrates of the Tactile Mirror System and, in a broader perspective, of early visuo-tactile interactions in the primary (low-level) stages of sensory processing.
Ba3Zr2Cu4S9: the first quaternary phase of the Ba–Zr–Cu–S system

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Single crystals of a new semiconducting layered quaternary sulfide, Ba 3 Zr 2 Cu 4 S 9 , are synthesized by the elemental reactions at high temperatures. This phase is the first member of the Ba–Zr–Cu–S system and represents an unprecedented structure type.
Experience and Reflection on Horqin's Narrative Folk Songs in the Study of Bel Canto Singing

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

With the development of China's national strength and economic progress, many of China's art have been gradually carried forward. For example, Horqin narrative folk songs, which were born in Horqin Grassland, are also famous at home and abroad. After historical development and innovation, Horqin folk song culture has also attracted more and more attention. It has developed from the Zhelim Horqin period to Horqin narrative folk songs. There are many works that need to be studied by scholars. In the process of vocal music learning, it is to think and experience in depth. In view of this, this article will discuss from three aspects: the style analysis of Horqin's narrative folk songs, the significance of folk songs in vocal music learning, and practical experience.
Evidence for 3′ Untranslated Region-Dependent Autoregulation of the Drosophila Gene Encoding the Neuronal Nuclear RNA-Binding Protein ELAV

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The Drosophila locus embryonic lethal abnormal visual system (elav) encodes a nuclear RNA-binding protein essential for normal neuronal differentiation and maintenance of neurons. ELAV is thought to play its role by binding to RNAs produced by other genes necessary for neuronal differentiation and consequently to affect their metabolism by an as yet unknown mechanism. ELAV structural homologues have been identified in a wide range of organisms, including humans, indicating an important conserved role for the protein. Analysis of elav germline transformants presented here shows that one copy of elav minigenes lacking a complete 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) rescues null mutations at elav, but that two copies are lethal. Additional in vivo experiments demonstrate that elav expression is regulated through the 3′ UTR of the gene and indicate that this level of regulation is dependent upon ELAV itself. Because ELAV is an RNA-binding protein, the simplest model to account for these findings is that ELAV binds to the 3′ UTR of its own RNA to autoregulate its expression. I discuss the implications of these results for normal elav function.
Coherent modulation of the electron temperature and electron–phonon couplings in a 2D material

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Significance The interactions between electrons and lattice vibrations called phonons not only determine the properties of materials, but also give rise to remarkable phenomena such as superconductivity or spatial ordering of the charges and lattice. Here, we use a femtosecond laser to excite and spatially relocate electrons in TaSe 2 . In all observations to date, these excited electrons cool monotonically by scattering with phonons. Surprisingly, we observe an oscillation of the electron temperature that is coupled with the lattice breathing mode, and a switching in the dominant electron–phonon interactions by varying the laser excitation. Our results demonstrate a promising way to manipulate electron–phonon interactions, opening up routes to steer a quantum material toward a desired state using light.
Langsmith: An Interactive Academic Text Revision System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Despite the current diversity and inclusion initiatives in the academic community, researchers with a non-native command of English still face significant obstacles when writing papers in English. This paper presents the Langsmith editor, which assists inexperienced, non-native researchers to write English papers, especially in the natural language processing (NLP) field. Our system can suggest fluent, academic-style sentences to writers based on their rough, incomplete phrases or sentences. The system also encourages interaction between human writers and the computerized revision system. The experimental results demonstrated that Langsmith helps non-native English-speaker students write papers in English. The system is available at https://emnlp-demo.editor. langsmith.co.jp/.
Research on Surface Defect Detection in Submersible Pump Impellers Based on the Novel MXNet Deep Learning Model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In industrial production, surface defects of submersible pump impellers often have a significant impact on equipment performance and lifespan. However, the current defect detection is mainly performed manually, which is time-consuming, inefficient, and prone to human errors. Furthermore, the existing mainstream automatic detection methods have limitations, such as limited accuracy, complexity of the model, and low generalization, which make them difficult to promote widely. Therefore, an automated technology that can improve the efficiency and accuracy of the detection process is urgently needed. This study aims to develop an automatic defect detection method based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) called MXNet to ensure superior product quality and reduce manual labor. This model, derived from the Xception architecture, has been specifically tailored for the task with custom convolutional and fully connected layers for precise classification, data augmentation techniques and an incorporated attention module to highlight vital regions in input images, coupled with the utilization of binary cross-entropy loss and custom callback functions, and a strategy for dynamically adjusting the learning rate. To demonstrate the superiority of this model, we compared it with four mainstream defect detection models. Experimental results show that the average accuracy and average recall rate of MXNet on the validation set reached 99.23% and 98.95% respectively, outperforming the comparative models in all performance indicators with shorter runtime and fewer parameters. This suggests that MXNet can not only achieve high-accuracy defect detection but also has high practicality, and is expected to have broad application potential in future in-dustrial production practices.
Evaluation of the Randox colorimetric serum copper and zinc assays against atomic absorption spectroscopy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Analysis of copper and zinc in serum is commonly performed using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS); however, these methods are often not readily available in smaller laboratories. Randox colorimetric assays for copper and zinc in serum were evaluated on the Thermo Electron Data Pro analyser against flame AAS methods. Methods Copper and zinc were measured in 48 serum samples using the Randox colorimetric copper (CU2340) and zinc (ZN2341) assays on the Data Pro analyser and the results compared with those from a Varian Spectra 880 atomic absorption spectrometer. A smaller set of samples ( n = 15) were also analysed colorimetrically for zinc on the Roche Cobas Mira. Results Linear regression analyses of Bland and Altman plots from the Data Pro – AAS comparison gave the following results for copper: correlation r = 0.6669 ( P < 0.01), slope = −0.2499 ( P < 0.01), intercept = 3.219 ( P < 0.01). For zinc, results were as follows: correlation r = 0.1976, slope = 0.1807, intercept = −1.922. For the smaller set of samples, the Cobas Mira – AAS comparison for zinc gave correlation r = 0.4379, slope = 0.5294, intercept = −4.074. The results indicated significant systematic and fixed bias between the colorimetric copper and the AAS method. Conclusion Performances in comparison to AAS methods indicated the colorimetric methods, as used, are unsuitable for the accurate determination of copper and zinc in human serum.
Coulomb explosions dynamics

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Chemical reaction dynamics studies emerged with the advent of quantum mechanical theories in 1920s which have the capability of predicting the atomic motions by calculating potential energy surfaces. Experimental studies in this field began to flourish with the advances in molecular beam generation and laser beam technologies many years later leading to the Nobel prize awarded to Herschbach, Lee, and Polanyi in 1986. Later in 1980s, advances in the production of frequency tunable ultrashort laser pulses with the temporal resolution of femtoseconds led to the birth of the field of femto-chemistry which is the study of molecular dynamics in real time. In the last few decades, various spectroscopic techniques exploiting ultrashort laser pulses have been developed to study the non-adiabatic dynamics of molecules in real time and space. Laser-induced Coulomb Explosion Imaging (CEI) is a powerful probe technique now emerging in this field, to unravel the structural changes of molecular systems in real time. Extracting structural information from CEI requires imaging of multiple fragments at each experimental cycle which allows us to obtain their relative velocity distribution. In this work, we successfully coupled a three-dimensional multi-mass coincidence detection technique with CEI to study the dissociation dynamics of complicated polyatomic molecules. Covariance imaging, which is a statistical technique yielding correlated information, was used to find the related momenta of various pairs of ions and reveal different dissociation channels of the parent multi-cation. Using the combination of these techniques, the strong field dissociative ionization of chlorocarbonylsulfenyl chloride (CCSC) and methoxycarbonylsulfenyl chloride (MCSC) (belonging to thioester family) were studied. The ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) technique is a complementary method to ultrafast laser spectroscopy, capable of directly resolving the electronic and nuclear dynamics in real time and space due to sensitivity to the spatial atomic distribution in the system. MeV UED facility is a newly developed apparatus at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory offering femtosecond time resolution and sub-Angstrom spatial resolution in the study of gas phase molecular systems. Using this facility, we performed a time-resolved UED experiment to study the UV photodissociation of oxalyl chloride. Previous theoretical and experimental studies have suggested non-consistent results for the UV dissociation of this molecule which results in four fragments upon absorption a single photon. Here, with the initial analysis of diffraction images, and comparison with the theory, we confirmed a concerted four-body dissociation channel as the main mechanism.
The Orchid, The Wasp and the Text: Encountering Bodily Becomingthrough Deleuze and Feminism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter analyses Gilles Deleuze’s work (alone and in collaboration with Félix Guattari), as a philosophy of flows, of possibilities and of vitality. It explores the ways in which his thought has been resisted by conventional feminism, and later taken up by a range of recent feminist and queer theorists, while providing its own particular readings as a feminist literary critic. The chapter unpicks Deleuze’s thinking through the conceptualisation of transcendental empiricism, exploring relations between a-subjectivity, the event and the fold. It then analyses Deleuze and Guattari’s anti-psychoanalytical theory through the aleatory flux of desire, the Body without Organs and notions of nomadic becoming. Finally it considers the Deleuzian concept of difference, thinking through its possible relations with politics and with art, and unfolding a philosophy of the becoming of the body that lays the foundations for the rest of the work.
Coupling of N‐Tosylhydrazones with Tetrazoles: A Regioselective Synthesis of 2,5‐Disubstituted‐2H‐Tetrazoles

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Herein we describe the C−N coupling reaction of N ‐tosylhydrazones with tetrazoles using thermic activation in the presence of different bases. The reactions proved to be highly regioselective to result in the corresponding 2,5‐disubstituted‐2 H ‐tetrazoles as main products and 1,5‐disubstituted‐1 H ‐tetrazoles as minor products. Owing to its mild conditions, the method enabled the use of a wide range of substrates.
Distributive multi-sensor data fusion with state equality constraints

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The state estimation technique for the distributed multi-sensor data fusion with state equality constraints is described theoretically.Based on single Kalman filtering equations and the distributed multi-sensor fusion algorithm without state constraints, and taking state equality constraints into consideration,a new fusion estimation algorithm for distributed multi-sensor with state equality constraints is proposed.The mathematical properties of the new fusion algorithm are given and proved,also.
Dixmier traces and coarse multifractal analysis”, Ergod

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We show how multifractal properties of a measure supported by a fractal F ⊆ [0, 1] may be expressed in terms of complementary intervals of F and thus in terms of spectral triples and the Dixmier trace of certain operators. For self-similar measures this leads to a noncommutative integral over F equivalent to integration with respect to an auxilary multifractal measure. 1
Discussion: Some Principles for Regression Diagnostics and Influence Analysis

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Ron Hocking's own work on regression has played such an important role in the development of regression methods that it is very fitting for him to have written this review of the last quarter-century of advances. His review paper on selection methods in Biometrics (Hocking 1976) got me interested in that problem and possibly in regression in general, and that paper, like the current one, is exemplary. Both survey an area, but still leave many questions unanswered. In fitting linear regression models we make many assumptions such as linearity, constant variance, and perhaps normality. We assume that relevant variables are measured, and that these do not need to be transformed. As Hocking has pointed out, the precomputer approach of taking the assumptions as given and correct is no longer accepted statistical practice. Methods for criticism of assumptions and of influence analysis have now become standard, as clearly indicated by the proportion of Hocking's review that is dedicated to such methods. Hocking does note, however, that the array of such techniques that are available to the analyst is large, so the choice of appropriate and useful measures is not always clear. The confusion has several sources. The whole methodology of regression criticism has developed very quickly. Before the last decade, the most common tools for criticism were plots of residuals against various quantities such as fitted values, and probability plots. Each of these was intended to serve a number of purposes, providing information on outliers, linearity, heteroscedasticity, the need to transform, and perhaps some notion of influence, depending on the pattern in the plot. On the other hand, the recently developed or rediscovered methods for criticism seem to address specific issues, and each of these methods may require computation of statistics useful for that one method only. At the same time, methods have been developed that are probably not generally useful, but many regression analysts are not sufficiently knowledgeable to tell the good ones from the not-so-good ones. My purpose in these remarks is to present some guidelines for developing, and using, methods for regression criticism. I address separately what I call diagnostics (model criticism) and influence analysis (data criticism). Before proceeding, it may be well to point out that not everyone agrees with the importance of these methods. Some think that the methods do little more than allow analysts to make quick but superficial decisions concerning data. I obviously do not agree with this view and have found that intelligent application of these methods can be very useful in practice. In any case, the discussion following Atkinson (1982) is illuminating on this issue.
“The Cat’s Paw of Dictatorship”: Police Intelligence and Self-Rule in the Gold Coast, 1948–1952

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In 1948, British authorities in the Gold Coast implemented a series of security reforms aimed at resisting future disruptions resulting from growing discontent with colonial rule. These reforms included the formation of a police intelligence organization, developed in collaboration with the British Security Service. This expansion of the colonial state into intelligence work preceded its first steps toward self-rule, inadvertently making this intelligence program an unintended participant in the process of decolonization. This article examines the foundations of that intelligence network and how it resisted the political exigencies required by the Gold Coast’s entry into diarchy. It explains how British officials arrived at the conclusion that a West African colony required a modern, intelligence-gathering apparatus under the oversight of the British Security Service and how that security system was used to challenge the realization of an independent Ghanaian state under the leadership of Kwame Nkrumah.
Analyzing Knowledge Requirements in Team Tasks

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Teams and their associated cognitive requirements have received an increasing amount of attention over the last 10 years (e.g., Cannon-Bowers, Salas, & Converse, 1993; Orasanu, 1990). Numerous articles and books address critical issues related to team decision making (Guzzo & Salas, 1995), team training (Swezey & Salas, 1992), and team performance measurement (Brannick, Prince, & Salas, 1997). However, it is only recently that researchers have begun to analyze teamwork in terms of its component tasks and associated knowledge, skill, and attitude requirements (e.g., Baker, Salas, & Cannon-Bowers, 1998; Bowers, Baker, & Salas, 1994; Campion, Medsker, & Higgs, 1993; Stevens & Campion, 1994). In particular, a thorough analysis of the cognitive components that underlie effective team performance is lacking. Such an analysis-cognitive task analysis for teams-would be useful for decisions regarding team selection, design, and training and would also be useful for building more complete and accurate models of team performance (Salas, Dickinson, Converse, & Tannen-baum, 1992).