jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A self-embedded watermarking scheme based on relationship function of corresponding inter-blocks DCT coefficient

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the realm of computer supported cooperative work in design (CSCWD), how to ensure the authenticity and integrity of an image plays important roles. This paper presents a novel semi-fragile image watermarking scheme for authenticating and recovering image content. The scheme also shows strong robustness on those images' content reserved operations. It can precisely detect and locate malicious operations and tampers, and recover main content of tampered image region. Firstly, it assigns the exclusive precursor block and successor block for every block to be a block circle link, and regards the function mapping result of DCT coefficients of neighboring blocks as watermark, and embeds it into middle-frequency domain of DCT coefficients of successor block to form a watermarked image. Secondly, it verifies the blocks, which have been maliciously operated and tampered, by detecting whether the DCT coefficients of neighboring blocks satisfy the relationship function after operations. Thirdly, it uses corresponding relationship function of neighboring blocks in the link to estimate DCT direct current coefficients (DC) and low-frequency coefficients of the tampered blocks and recovers their main content. The experimental results show that the scheme is effective and feasible.
Postnatal development of rat lung. Changes in lung lectin, elastin, acetylcholinesterase and other enzymes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The development of rat lung from a primitive gas-exchange organ to the mature respiratory organ is in large part a postnatal phenomenon that has been well characterized by morphological and morphometric methods. The alveolarization of the lung is achieved during the first 3 weeks of life. Cholinergic innervation of rat lung also appears postnatally. We have monitored the presence or activity of several proteins during postnatal rat lung development. Newborn-rat lung contains negligible amounts of acetylcholinesterase, but the specific activity of acetylcholinesterase reaches adult values by postnatal day 10–11. Neonatal-rat lung does not contain significant amounts of β-galactoside-binding protein [Powell (1980) Biochem. J.187, 123–129]. The activity of this endogenous lung lectin was apparent at about day 6, was maximal between days 10 and 13 before declining 8–10-fold to reach adult values. Elastin has been implicated from morphological evidence as critical to lung restructuring. We have quantified the amount of desmosine and isodesmosine per g wet wt. of lung. The concentration of elastin, by this criterion, was low and stationary until postnatal day 7; a dramatic increase in elastin concentration occurred between days 10 and 20, when adult values were reached. The peak of lung-lectin activity was coincident with the maturation of acetylcholinesterase and the beginning of rapid elastin cross-linking. The specific activities of angiotensin-converting enzyme, carbonic anhydrase, choline kinase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase were also monitored.
Application in Up-Flow Filtration of Filter Material for Urban Stormwater Control

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In this research, a up-flow filtration device was developed for the on-site treatment of urban stormwater runoff during storm events, and particle removal characteristic of porous polypropylene as a filter material was experimentally examined. The up-flow filtration device showed high removal efficiency, more than 90% (mainly 95-98%) of the SS concentration of influent particles. After the sedimentation in the bottom part of up-flow filtration device, the up-flow filtration filled with porous polypropylene material was able to remove more over 70% of the SS concentration in the up-flow. The increase rate of captured particle amount retained in 10, 20 cm from the bottom of filter bed was lower while flow rate increased. This is attributed to the fact that fine particles detached or not removed by the bottom of filter bed were mainly retained in that section. The particles (mainly finer particles) captures were increased by those particles (mainly large particles) retained in the initial stage for influent particles. However, the improvement of particle removal efficiency (as SS concentration) was not observed along with this phenomenon. The reason may relate to the fact that the particles retained by the captured particles in the initial stage were fine particles.
Line Coding for Clock Recovery With Minimal Filtering

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Line codes for clock recovery with minimal filtering are investigated. First, it is explained that a 4T processing is preferable to conventional 4T/2T processing for a 1B4B/3B4B code from the standpoint of jitter reduction. Then 2B/4B codes are proposed where 3T and IT processings are applicable. It is shown that these new codes can not only simplify hardware but also lead to improved jitter characteristic as compared with existing schemes.
Inflammatory bowel disease training assessment of gastroenterology fellows in Saudi Arabia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Recent advancement and complexity in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has made it challenging for gastroenterology (GI) fellows to obtain competency and confidence in managing the complex IBD patient. We aimed to evaluate the confidence and training in IBD among GI fellows in Saudi Arabia. Methods: We conducted an electronic, voluntary, and anonymous multicenter survey study of GI fellows in Saudi Arabia, from 1/5/2023 to 1/9/2023. The survey evaluated the fellows’ confidence level in IBD management, methods of training received, and the amount of additional training desired in 20 core IBD domains. GI fellows’ preferred learning method was also evaluated. Results: A total of 65 GI fellows responded to the survey. In the entire cohort, >50% of fellows reported low confidence in 7 out of 20 IBD management domains, which included 71% in managing j-pouch disorders, 67% in managing the elderly/frail patient with IBD, 60% in managing extraintestinal manifestations, 57% in recommending preventative health services, and 54% in counseling patients on small molecules. Receiving >4 IBD didactic sessions per year was significantly associated with high confidence in managing j-pouch disorders (44.4% vs 13.3%, P = 0.05) and managing the elderly/frail patient with IBD (86.7% vs 50.0%, P = 0.03). Doing an external rotation to expand IBD knowledge was associated with high confidence in managing the elderly/frail patient with IBD (100% vs 26.7%, P = 0.01). Conclusion: Many GI fellows lacked confidence and training in key domains of IBD management. Enhancing IBD exposure with didactics and external rotations improved fellows’ confidence in specific domains.
Unusual Pyrrolyl 4-Quinolinone Alkaloids from the Marine-Derived Fungus <i>Penicillium</i> sp. ghq208

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

One new pyrrolyl 4-quinolinone alkaloid, penicinoline E (1), together with three known deriverites, methyl-penicinoline (2), penicinoline (3), and quinolactacide (4), were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Penicillium sp. ghq208. The structures of these isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Compounds (2, 3) exhibited moderate cytotoxicities against the HepG2 cell line with IC(50) values of 11.3 and 13.2 µM, respectively.
Rain and evapotranspiration using the Penman-Monteih model for the periods 1963-1982. 1983-2001 and 2002-2019 for the amparo de São Francisco – Sergipe, Brazil

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Evaluate the performance of the empirical method of estimating evapotranspiration, with the standard Penman-Monteih method, suggested by FAO-56, for Amparo de São Francisco – Sergipe in the periods 1963-1982; 1983-2001 and 2002-2019 generating their respective graphs and information for government decision makers. The Penman-Monteih method makes it possible to estimate (ETo(PM)) in mm/month and, after computing it, it is multiplied by the total number of days in each month of the year, thus obtaining the Penman-Monteith model estimated in mm/month. The standard Penman-Monteih method can help with irrigation planning and management, especially for small irrigators who do not have access to meteorological data. A better adaptation of the Penman-Monteith and Thornthwaite model was observed in the estimation of ETo, where its results showed adaptation for the location studied. It is advisable to evaluate other models so that they can provide more appropriate results. It is stated that the Penman-Monteith and Thornthwaite models are the best alternatives for the use of evapotranspiration in Amparo de São Francisco - Sergipe.
Biomarkers for Cetuximab-Based Neoadjuvant Radiochemotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose: Phase II trials in locally advanced rectal cancer have shown that cetuximab-based neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy is feasible but without an improvement in complete pathologic response rates. Our goal was to identify patients who would benefit from cetuximab-based neoadjuvant chemoradiation measuring gene expression levels of proteins involved in tumor growth [endothelial growth factor receptor (EGFR)], angiogenesis [VEGF, VEGF receptors 1 and 2 (VEGFR1, VEGFR2)], DNA repair [excision repair cross-complementing 1 (ERCC1)], and drug metabolism [thymidylate synthetase (TS)]. We also determined mutation status of KRAS and BRAF. Experimental Design: This study was carried out on 130 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who were enrolled in 4 different phase II clinical trials, using cetuximab-based chemoradiation. Tumor tissues were obtained before neoadjuvant and at surgical therapy. After microdissection, intratumoral gene expression levels and KRAS/BRAF mutation status were analyzed. Results: A significant decrease of TS, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2 gene expression was seen following neoadjuvant therapy (P &lt; 0.03). High pretreatment VEGF gene expression levels were associated with nonresponse (P = 0.070). KRAS mutations were found in 42% and mutant KRAS (KRAS mt) was significantly associated with pathologic nonresponse (P = 0.037). In patients with wild-type KRAS (KRAS wt), low EGFR was significantly associated with higher nonresponse and VEGF mRNA expressions were associated with complete pathologic response (P = 0.012; P = 0.06). KRAS transversion (KRAS tv) was associated with tumor regression: nonresponse was more common in patients with KRAS tv than with KRAS wt (P = 0.007). BRAF V600E mutations were not detected in any of the patients. Conclusion: This study suggests that pretreatment intratumoral EGFR and VEGF mRNA expression levels as well as KRAS mutation status are predictive markers of pathologic response to neoadjuvant cetuximab-based chemoradiation in locally advanced rectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 17(10); 3469–77. ©2011 AACR.
The impact of uterine fibroids on obstetric complications and pregnancy outcomes in twin pregnancies: A single-center cohort study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background: Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors in the female reproductive system and can affect fertility, conception, and implantation. Despite their prevalence, few studies have examined fibroids impact on twin pregnancies. This study investigates the effects of uterine fibroids on obstetric complications and pregnancy outcomes in twin pregnancies. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who delivered twins at West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University from October 1, 2019 to October 1, 2024. The study population was divided into three groups: (1) the fibroid group, including twin pregnancies with uterine fibroids; (2) the non-fibroid group, including twin pregnancies without uterine fibroids; and (3) the myomectomy group, including twin pregnancies with a history of myomectomy. Data collected and compared included maternal age, body mass index at delivery, parity, previous preterm birth, gestational age, mode of conception, hospitalization cost, fibroid size and number, obstetric complications and pregnancy outcomes. Results: A total of 4,766 twin pregnancies were included in this study. Statistical analyses revealed no significant differences in obstetric complications and pregnancy outcomes between the three groups, except for delivery before 37 weeks (p = 0.020). Notably, the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus was higher in women with larger fibroids (41.79%) compared to those with smaller fibroids (28.42%, p = 0.033) and those without fibroids (26.44%, p = 0.005). Additionally, there was a higher prevalence of placenta previa in women with larger fibroids (10.45%) compared to those with smaller fibroids (3.08%, p= 0.016) and those without fibroids (3.75%, p = 0.014). Conclusion: This study found that twin pregnancies complicated by large uterine fibroids were associated with a higher prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and placenta previa.
The Mediating Effect of Perceived Social Acknowledgment on the Relationship Between Patient Assaults and Posttraumatic Stress Reactions in Emergency Nurses

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study explored whether posttraumatic stress symptoms resulted from workplace assaults were mediated by the perception of social acknowledgment by the victim. A sample of 444 emergency room nurses in China completed questionnaires measuring the frequency and types of patient assaults, the severity of physical injury, the perception of social acknowledgment, and the posttraumatic stress symptoms. Cross-sectional design, multiregression, and bootstrapping mediation analyses were used to test the hypotheses. Results showed that general disapproval and family disapproval mediated the relationship between the frequency of patient assaults and the severity of posttraumatic stress symptoms. These two factors also mediated the links between the injury severity of patient assaults and the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms. Implications for clinical practice and future research were discussed.
Carbon Stocks in Pampean Soils: A Simple Regression Model for Estimation of Carbon Storage Under Nondegraded Scenarios

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Using published data from a soil survey, a carbon (C) inventory of Pampean soils was performed. As a mean, carbon storage in the 0–20 cm soil layer is 40 t C/ha for the region, decreasing to about half in the 20–50 cm depth. In the 0–50 cm stratum stored, carbon is 3.3 109 t corresponding to a surveyed area of 57 Mha. By multiple‐regression analysis, an explanatory model of carbon content at different depths could be adjusted that accounts for 92% of variability of carbon levels in nondegraded soils. Climate, texture, and depth were the independent variables included in the model. When comparing carbon stored in the 0–20 cm layer of degraded soils belonging to the Rolling Pampa, an area subjected to cultivation since the nineteenth century, predicted carbon by the model averaged 60 t C/ha, and observed carbon content rounded 40 t C/ha. So this area lost around one‐third of the stored carbon in the upper soil layer by cropping. A similar estimation of carbon losses may be performed by other methodologies. Regression appeared to be a suitable tool for predicting soil degradation and carbon sequestration potential.
Total Evidence, Average Consensus and Matrix Representation with Parsimony: What a Difference Distances Make

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Matrix representation with parsimony (MRP) can be used to combine trees in the supertree or the consensus settings. However, despite its popularity, it is still unclear whether MRP is really a consensus method or whether it behaves more like the total evidence approach. Previous simulations have shown that it approximates total evidence trees, whereas other studies have depicted similarities with average consensus trees. In this paper, we assess the hypothesis that MRP is equally related to both approaches. We conducted a simulation study to evaluate the accuracy of total evidence with that or various consensus methods, including MRP. Our results show that the total evidence trees are not significantly more accurate than average consensus trees that accounts for branch lengths, but that both perform better than MRP trees in the consensus setting. The accuracy rate of all methods was similarly affected by the number of taxa, the number of partitions, and the heterogeneity of the data.
<title>Microcomputer-based image processing system for CT/MRI scans: II. Expert system</title>

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A microcomputer-based image processing system is used to digitize and process serial sections of CT/MRI scan and reconstruct three-dimensional images of brain structures and brain lesions. The images grabbed also serve as templates and different vital regions with different risk values are also traced out for 3D reconstruction. A knowledge-based system employing rule-based programming has been built to help identifying brain lesions and to help planning trajectory for operations. The volumes of the lesions are also automatically determined. Such system is very useful for medical skills archival, tumor size monitoring, survival and outcome forecasting, and consistent neurosurgical planning.
Implementation of Reversible Logic Gate in Quantum Dot Cellular Automata

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is a nanotechnology with many attractive features such as higher speed, smaller size, higher switching frequency, higher scale integration and low power consumption.There are many researches have been reported on the design of reversible logic gates compared to the reversible TR.This paper proposes a modified design of the reversible Feynman gate and also propose reversible TR gate, then design 1-bit comparator using reversible TR gates and Feynman Gate.The result shows an efficient technique to design Feynman gate and one bit comparator.The proposed gates can be easily used to design complex circuits which are used in the Central Processing Unit (CPU) and microcontrollers.
Isolation, Structural Elucidation, and Cytotoxicity of Three New ent-Kaurane Diterpenoids from Isodon japonica var. glaucocalyx

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Correction to: Isolation, Structural Elucidation, and Cytotoxicity of Three New ent-Kaurane Diterpenoids from Isodon japonica var. glaucocalyxPlanta Med 2012; 78(06): 589-596DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1298265
Adoptive cell therapy in multiple Myeloma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Recent breakthrough advances in Multiple Myeloma (MM) immunotherapy have been achieved with the approval of the first two monoclonal antibodies, elotuzumab and daratumumab. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) represents yet another, maybe the most powerful modality of immunotherapy, in which allogeneic or autologous effector cells are expanded and activated ex vivo followed by their re-infusion back into patients. Infused effector cells belong to two categories: naturally occurring, non-engineered cells (donor lymphocyte infusion, myeloma infiltrating lymphocytes, deltagamma T cells) or genetically- engineered antigen-specific cells (chimeric antigen receptor T or NK cells, TCR-engineered cells). Areas covered: This review article summarizes our up-to-date knowledge on ACT in MM, its promises, and upcoming strategies to both overcome its toxicity and to integrate it into future treatment paradigms. Expert opinion: Early results of clinical studies using CAR T cells or TCR- engineered T cells in relapsed and refractory MM are particularly exciting, indicating the potential of long-term disease control or even cure. Despite several caveats including toxicity, costs and restricted availability in particular, these forms of immunotherapy are likely to once more revolutionize MM therapy.
The Impact of Heart Rate Circadian Rhythm on In-hospital Mortality in Stroke and Critically Ill Patients: Insights from the eICU Collaborative Research Database

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: The dysregulation of the heart rate circadian rhythm has been documented to be an independent risk factor in multiple diseases. However, data showing the impact of dysregulated heart rate circadian rhythm in stroke and critically ill patients are scarce. Methods: Stroke and critically ill patients in the ICU between 2014 and 2015 from the recorded eICU Collaborative Research Database were included in the current analyses. The impact of circadian rhythm of heart rate on in-hospital mortality was analyzed. Three variables, Mesor (rhythm-adjusted mean of heart rate), Amplitude (distance from the highest point of circadian rhythm of heart rate to Mesor), and Peak time (time when the circadian rhythm of heart rate reaches the highest point) were used to evaluate the heart rate circadian rhythm. The incremental value of circadian rhythm variables in addition to Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) IV score to predict in-hospital mortality was also explored. Results: A total of 6,201 eligible patients were included. The in-hospital mortality was 16.2% (1,002/6,201). The circadian rhythm variables of heart rate, Mesor, Amplitude, and Peak time, were identified to be independent risk factors of in-hospital mortality. After adjustments, Mesor per 10 beats per min (bpm) increase was associated with a 1.17-fold (95%CI: 1.11, 1.24, P<0.001) and Amplitude per 5 bpm was associated with a 1.14-fold (95%CI: 1.06, 1.24, P<0.001) increase in the risk of in-hospital mortality, respectively. The risk of in-hospital mortality was lower in patients who had Peak time reached between 18:00-24:00 or 00:00-06:00; whereas the risk was highest in patients who had Peak time reached between 12:00-18:00 (OR: 1.33, 95%CI: 1.05, 1.68, P=0.017). Compared with APACHE IV score only (c-index=0.757), combining APACHE IV score and circadian rhythm variables of heart rate (c-index=0.766) was associated with increased discriminative ability (P=0.003). Conclusion: Circadian rhythm of heart rate is an independent risk factor of the in-hospital mortality in stroke and critically ill patients. Including circadian rhythm variables regarding heart rate might increase the discriminative ability of the risk score to predict the short-term prognosis of patients.