jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES OF THE RUSSIAN TOURIST-RECREATIONAL COMPLEX

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The main tasks facing the tourist and recreational complex of Russia with a view to making it a highly profitable branch of the national economy of Russia were revealed: developing the infrastructure component of the Russian tourist complex, improving the quality of hotel and tourist services, and promoting Russia as a tourist center on the world tourism market. The example of a number of tourist and recreational clusters shows what has been done to date through the use of a program-targeted method that involves the use of federal budget funds, the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the attraction of extrabudgetary sources. Further opportunities for the development of domestic and inbound tourism based on structural market changes that began in 2014 are outlined. The principles for the development of a tourism development strategy for the long-term period are formulated.
Opting Out: The Importance of Parental Informed Refusals

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Parental refusals concern both the doctor-patient relationship and the role of science in society. Parents make medical decisions for their children exercising both a responsibility to provide for them and a duty to protect them. While informed consent is looked upon favorably – doctors accept consent as it often evidences parents following recommendations – informed refusal can cause rifts in the doctor-patient relationship, sometimes resulting in a loss of parental decision-making power. Many refusals by attentive, caring parents are safe and result in benefits to children, for example by avoiding exposure to drugs with dangerous side effects. Other refusals could endanger children. The most difficult cases for doctors and parents touch on personal questions about quality of life or how much pain or which side effects a parent is willing to allow their child to endure from a medical treatment. The complexity grows when the care being refused would not guarantee an agreed upon success or even continued life. The Supreme Court has long recognized parental rights in the arenas where choice is personal and reflects flourishing and freedom. Philosophy and law support the ability to make personal decisions for children yet both moral philosophy and law limit the extent to which parents have full reign. Navigating the refusal landscape in the hospital or doctor’s office poses special challenges and requires balance with an eye to protecting vulnerable children while respecting parental autonomy. Refusals collectively comprise a necessary check on the role of scientific advancement in society. This paper also explores the role of refusals in pluralistic liberal democracies, how refusals may spark scientific innovation, and how overriding refusals disparately impacts marginalized communities, sparking discriminatory treatment and contradicting social justice. The ability of members of society to opt out of certain scientific advances is crucial to freedom and provides a much-needed check on the ever-changing status quo. Science should not make moral pioneers of skeptics who have worthy alternative solutions for their children. There should not be a presumption that accepting the recommended medical care is ethically preferable or that all medical care is a moral good. Democracy provides the ability of the electorate to configure valuable checks on science, industry, and medicine.
A Comparison of Energy Expenditure Estimates From SenseWear Activity Monitor Armbands During Exercise

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The SenseWear Pro Armband (SWA) (BodyMedia, Inc.) is a commercially available portable objective device that provides an estimate of energy expenditure (EE). The SWA has shown acceptable validity and reliability in previous studies examining various exercise modes and intensities. The SenseWear Mini Armband (MINI) is the next generation of this technology that has allowed for a downsizing of the SWA. However, the EE estimated by the MINI and SWA during various modes of exercise has not been examined. PURPOSE: To compare the EE estimated by the SWA to the MINI during various modes of exercise. METHODS: Thirty subjects (age: 25.2±4.9 yrs; BMI: 24.4±2.9 kg/m2) were randomized to three of five exercising conditions (walking, n=18; elliptical trainer, n=19; stepping on an adaptive motion trainer, n=18; stationary cycling, n=20; outdoor cycling, n=15). Each exercise session was 20 minutes and performed on separate days. For each exercise session the subject wore the MINI on the left arm and the SWA on the right arm. EE was estimated using proprietary algorithms developed by the manufacturer (software version 7.0) and indirect calorimetry served as the criterion measure. RESULTS: EE estimated by the MINI was significantly higher than the SWA by 19.4±9.7 kcal during walking, 22.7±13.5 kcal during stepping, and 11.8±8.0 kcal during elliptical exercise (p=0.001). There was a non-significant difference between MINI and SWA in EE of 9.1±19.9 kcal during stationary cycling and 2.5±15.8 kcal during outdoor cycling. Indirect calorimetry was significantly associated with EE during walking (r=0.91; r=0.90), stepping (r=.75; r=.84), elliptical exercise (r=0.65; r=0.73) and outdoor cycling (r=0.59; r=0.59) for the MINI and SWA, respectively (p<0.05). EE during stationary cycling was significantly associated with indirect calorimetry for the MINI (r=.48, p=0.03), but not for the SWA. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that while the MINI provides EE estimates that are greater than the SWA for selected exercises, these data are significantly correlated with measured EE from indirect calorimetry. This next generation of this technology may be a viable alternative to the SWA for estimating EE. However, additional research is needed to confirm these findings and to potentially refine the proprietary algorithms used to estimate EE.
The Effects of Treatment of Korean Medicine for Superior Labrum Anterior to Posterior Lesions: A Retrospective Chart Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: This study aimed to investigate the clinical effectiveness of treatment of Korean medicine on superior labrum anterior to posterior (SLAP) lesions.Methods: A total of 55 inpatients diagnosed with SLAP lesions by magnetic resonance imaging, were investigated from May 1<sup>st</sup>, 2014 to May 31<sup>st</sup>, 2019 at Haeundae Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine. The patients were sorted by gender, age, causing factor, illness duration, period of hospitalization, SLAP lesion type, complications, and treatments. Treatments included acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, Chuna therapy, herbal treatment, and physiotherapy. After treatment, the Numeric Rating Scale, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, and European Quality of Life 5-Dimension questionnaire were used to evaluate treatment effect.Results: There were more males than females in this study (1:0.83). Patients were more likely to be in their 50s (38.18%), have an unknown etiology (70.91%), and be in the subacute disease stage (41.82%). According to the SLAP lesion type, most of the inpatients had Type 2 lesions (69.09%). For inpatients diagnosed with SLAP lesions, the mean shoulder numeric rating scale score decreased from 5.55 ± 0.90, to 4.07 ± 1.18 (p < 0.001), the mean Shoulder Pain and Disability Index score decreased from 50.35 ± 18.36, to 39.90 ± 19.34 (p < 0.001), and the mean European quality of life 5-dimension index increased from 0.70 ± 0.16, to 0.75 ± 0.13 (p < 0.01) after treatment.Conclusion: Treatment of Korean medicine effectively decreased pain and increased the quality of life of the patients with SLAP lesions in this study.
LCA of different types of cars in Czech Republic

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

To reduce greenhouse gas emissions, countries have focused on (among other things) automobile transport. However, there are different car powertrains, and each produces a different amount of emissions from different parts of their lifecycles, which also vary from state to state. Knowing exact, comparable values is necessary for deciding how to reduce these emissions most efficiently and economically possible. Existing studies often focus on only one part of the life cycle and/or are not localized to a particular state. This study analyzes the entire life cycle of a vehicle and its fuel or energy for a vehicle manufactured, operated, and recycled in the Czech Republic. It draws on existing studies, supplemented by data from state agencies, vehicle manufacturers, and our calculations. It was found that in the Czech Republic, compared to a vehicle with a petrol internal combustion engine (ICEVg), an electric vehicle (BEV) has 33% lower total GHG emissions, and a vehicle with hydrogen fuel cells (FCEV) 19% lower. However, an internal combustion engine vehicle has lower emissions from its production and as a result, its cumulative emissions are lower than an electric vehicle until 70,000 km driven and a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle until 111,000 km.
Synthesis of 5-acetamido-2-acetylpiperidine

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The synthesis of the title compound (10) in eight stages is described. A procedure for the reductive acylation of a pyridyl nitro-group is presented. The use of rhodium as a catalyst for nuclear reduction of pyridines in aqueous solution at room temperature is discussed and examples of this procedure are given. N.m.r. data are presented for a number of 2,5-disubstituted pyridines and piperidines and the formation (and n.m.r. spectrum) of 2 3-bis-(5-nitro-2-pyridyl)butane (6) in the preparation of 1-(5-nitro-2-pyridyl)acetaldehyde oxime (4) is reported.
Quality Characteristics of Noodle Made from Domestic Early Maturity and High Yield Wheat Cultivars

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Yeon Jae Jo, Tae Yong You, Tae Whan Shin, Ho Jun Sung, Hye Won Lee, Ji Eun Kwak, Tae-Su Kang, Junsoo Lee, and Heon Sang Jeong. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2022;51:170-6. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2022.51.2.170
Supervisor Attachment as a Predictor of Developmental Ratings of Supervisees

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The attachment of the supervisor was explored as a predictor of ratings of supervisee development. The sample consisted of 90 supervisor-supervisee dyads. Variance due to the psychological reactance of the supervisee and the duration of the supervisory relationship was held constant. Supervisors with a preoccupied style of attachment were more likely to give supervisees low professional development ratings than supervisors with other styles of attachment. This suggests that supervisors who have a preoccupied style of attachment may be unable to provide accurate ratings of the professional development of those whom they supervise. Recommendations are offered for supervisors, supervisees, and researchers.
Evaluation of CT Image Guided Radiofrequency Ablation in the Management of Painful Bone Metastases Originating from NSCLC

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Pain palliation in patients with bone metastases is of great importance.The ideal treatment method has to be fast, safe, effective and tolerable for the patient.Objective: Evaluation of efficacy and safety of computed tomography (CT) guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) as a treatment method of painful bone metastases originating from NSCLC. Materials and methods:A total of thirty two patients with painful bone metastases originating from NSCLC were included in our study (median age 67; range 35-88 years).Lesion diameter was between 2 and 6 cm (mean ± SD: 2.8±2cm).Pain was assessed in all patients with the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI).All patients were treated with RFA under CT guidance, under conscious sedation.RFAs were performed either with RITA Model 1500® electrosurgical generator with a seven-array multitined electrode or AMICA electrosurgical generator, depending on the lesion's size.Mean ablation time was 9.5 minutes.Technically successful ablation was considered when lesion was completely covered according to protocol.After each session a CT scan was performed in order to exclude complications.Patients were hospitalised up to 24 hours for clinical monitoring.Post-ablation assessment with BPI score and report of the use of analgesics was performed with telephone interview one, four and eight weeks after the ablation. Results:We observed significant decrease in the mean past day BPI score for worst pain, for average pain and for pain interference during daily life in comparison to pre procedural symptoms (P<0.001,paired t-test), one, four and eight weeks after treatment.There was also a marked decrease in the use of analgesics.None complication occurred.Conclusions: RFA appears to be a promising treatment method for painful bone metastases originating from NSCLC as it is a safe, fast, minimal invasive method with high efficacy and security.
Beta-Beams: present design and expected performances

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We give the present status of the beta-beam study, which aims at producing\nintense nue and antinue beams from the decay of relativistic radioactive io ns.\nThe emphasis is put on recent technical progress and new ideas. The expected\nperformances in terms of neutrino mixing parameters theta13 and CP violating\nphase delta using a megaton water Cerenkov detector installed in the Frejus\nunderground laboratory are shown to be excellent, and the synergy with a a\ncompanion SuperBeam is underlined.\n
Dynamical Chiral-Symmetry Breaking in the Dual Ginzburg-Landau Theory

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the effect of QCD-monopole condensation on the dynamical chiral-symmetry breaking by using the dual Ginzburg-Landau theory of QCD. We formulate the Schwinger-Dyson equation and solve it numerically. The large enhancement is found for the chiral-symmetry breaking due to QCD-monopole condensation, which suggests the close relation between the color confinement and the chiral-symmetry breaking.
Automating the analysis of NCL documents with a model-driven approach

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a model-driven approach for the analysis of NCL documents. Structural and behavioral properties of NCL documents are verified guaranteeing its well-formedness and conformance with respect to the NCL language semantics. Document structural properties are verified using invariant validation and document behavioral properties are verified through model checking. The model-driven approach proposed is based on a formal and simplified model for representing the NCL document presentation behavior called Simple Hypermedia Model (SHM), used for the verification of document properties. In addition, this paper presents a prototype implementation of the proposed approach.
“Unraveling the Diagnostic Dilemma: Unusual Presentation of Huntington’s Disease with Predominant Psychiatric Symptoms and Late-Onset Motor Manifestations”

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Huntington’s Disease is a neurodegenerative disease inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion.The underlying genetic defect is unstable CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion with a repeat length longer than 36 resulting in pathological aggregation of abnormal protein causing cell death. The clinical symptoms encompass 3 main domains-motor,cognitive and psychiatric.The psychiatric symptoms often in atypical form appear decades before other symptoms causing significant impact on patient’s functioning and quality of life. Here, we discuss an unusual presentation of Huntington’s Disease causing diagnostic dilemma. Objectives Case report discussing the unusual presentation of Huntington’s Disease. Methods Case: Mr X is a 61 year old Caucasian male.He had an uneventful birth and early childhood attaining milestones appropriately. He experienced childhood adversity in the form of sexual abuse between ages 2-14 years. His mental health difficulties started following sexual abuse when he attempted to end his life by hanging and overdosing at age 15. He got married twice, both of which broke down. There is a history of significant alcohol abuse between ages 40-50. Following this, he had a myocardial infarction and a stroke requiring stenting. He presented to Psychiatric Outpatient Services in 2011 with auditory hallucinations, social anxiety with panic attacks, OCD type rituals, claustrophobia and feeling hot all the time. He was started on an antipsychotic medication for psychosis ,but clinically deteriorated. He started having anger outbursts, marching on the spot ,and head banging. He was diagnosed with Huntington’s Chorea in 2021 after he had developed chorea. He currently has low mood and is head banging for hours. Results Psychiatric symptoms in HD can span a variety of domains but most common are symptoms of frontal lobe dysfunction-disinhibition, poor attention, irritability, impulsivity and personality change. Apathy, emotional blandness and social withdrawal are also prominent features. Mr X had strong family history of Paranoid Schizophrenia (aunt and cousin).There was no family history of HD. His mental health problems started early in life with DSH, Depression and Harmful use of Alcohol. He presented predominantly with psychotic symptoms like auditory hallucinations, social anxiety, paranoia. Motor symptoms started late which he incorporated into voluntary movements like head banging which made it difficult to differentiate from deliberate self harm. Conclusions Psychiatric symptoms constitute the core of HD. Studies have shown that though depression and personality change are typical of HD, there are number of other psychiatric symptoms that can impair quality of life. Early diagnosis and treatment of these symptoms will help patients and families to cope better with severe symptoms of this progressive disease. Disclosure of Interest None Declared
A time series analysis of causality between aggregate merger and stock prices: the case of Canada

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract It is widely agreed that a positive relationship exists between measures of aggregate merger activity and measures of stock market performance, at least for the USA. Evidence from other countries is relatively sparse. in this paper we pursue the causality question using Canadian data. Most of the previous studies used only a bivariate system (merger and stock prices). We have extended the analysis to trivariate system (merger, stock prices and interest rate) to better reflect the capital market conditions argument for changes in merger activity. The results suggest a bidirectional causality between mergers and stock prices.
Seeing the Racial Elephant: CRT and the Focus of Educational Scholarship

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay is a response to Angela Harris' "Racing Law: Legal Scholarship and the Critical Race Revolution." It further explores what Harris calls the "grammars of governance" from a historical case-law perspective and from the structure of our contemporary educational organization. First, a little-known case involving violence to a slave from North Carolina is analyzed to exemplify the devastating racial ramifications that results from the manipulation of words and meanings. Second, our contemporary funding structure in public education is called into question to further show an ongoing acquiescence to the "grammars of governance" that projects equality but nevertheless sustains inequality.
Validation and Optimization of a non-cooperative Sense and Avoid System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To complement the established cooperative S&amp;A system named TCAS which uses vertical avoid trajectories, Airbus Defence and Space developed a non-cooperative S&amp;A System which favors lateral avoidance maneuvers. For this non-cooperative system, intruder aircraft are detected by radar before five different avoid trajectories are computed of which the best one is chosen. The presented work consists of the validation and optimization of this S&amp;A System by simulating many different aircraft encounter scenarios. For validation purposes, the probability tables provided by the European Encounter Model (EEM) were used to compute the most probable aircraft encounters. As a result of the optimization process, the number of Near Mid-Air Collisions (NMACs) could be reduced significantly, and flight route constraints were included. More than 85,000 simulations were carried out to assess the performance of the system. The simulations revealed that the performance requirement for the S&amp;A System, namely being at least as good as a human on-board pilot, could be fulfilled for encounter scenarios in which the ownship was flying level.
Unexpected metal-free synthesis of trifluoromethyl arenes via tandem coupling of dicyanoalkenes and conjugated fluorinated sulfinyl imines

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The unexpected metal free synthesis of trifluoromethyl arenes is described. It involved un unprecedented formal [3 + 3] cycloaromatization reaction of dicyanoalkenes and conjugated fluorinated tert-butyl sulfinyl imines in the presence of DBU.
TIMING IS EVERYTHING: THE WHITE OAKS SANITARY SEWER DIVERSION AND STORAGE PROJECT

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The City of London experienced significant surface and basement flooding in 2000 resulting in some 800 complaints across the City. The most significant flooding occurred in the White Oaks area of the City. In response, the City established a Task Force and initiated investigative assessments, flow monitoring, modeling, design and construction activities to address. A number of non-structural and structural public and private side alternatives were reviewed and assessed from a cost versus benefit perspective, along with related political or other implementation requirements, to arrive at the most cost-effective and expeditious solutions. Our paper outlines the work completed relative to the White Oaks area of the City, and the solution implemented which consists of sanitary diversion sewers and the provision of storage to prevent basement flooding in the immediate area, and assist in mitigating Sanitary Sewer Overflows (SSO’s) further downstream. The solution was based on stage/storage timing to address the primary project objectives and do so efficiently.
Detecting pygmy rabbits ( Brachylagus idahoensis ) using DNA extracted from fecal pellets of mixed‐species groups

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Noninvasive genetic sampling is an essential tool for studying elusive and endangered species. However, the DNA from noninvasive genetic sampling tends to be low in quantity and quality, which leads to poor DNA amplification. Using fecal pellets of pygmy rabbits ( Brachylagus idahoensis ) collected in February, March, and November 2011, we tested a possible solution of increasing the amount of sample by combining multiple pellet groups during DNA extraction. One potential drawback of this approach is accidental mixing of samples from multiple species. This study evaluates the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) species identification success rate for pygmy rabbit (PY) fecal DNA when mixed with eastern cottontail ( Sylvilagus floridanus ; EC) fecal pellet DNA at lower frequencies (1PY:3EC and 2PY:6EC) and eastern cottontail or mountain cottontail ( S. nuttalli ) pellet samples at an equal frequency (4:4). We found that successful detection of pygmy rabbit DNA using a species‐specific mtDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test varies from 0% to 95% depending on the competing species and PCR protocol. From these results, we conclude that if samples are unintentionally mixed, the species with a greater number of pellets within the sample will be more likely to be detected. Also, if pellet piles are intentionally mixed to reduce sampling cost, the protocol should be optimized to maximize DNA amplification for the focal species; however, there will be reduced detection rates depending on the quality and quantity of the focal species DNA within the sample. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.