jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Lysosomal storage diseases. Mucopolysaccharidosis type III, sanfilippo syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The review describes the clinical, biochemical and molecular genetic characteristics of autosomal recessive mucopolysaccharidosis type III, or Sanfilippo syndrome. This is a genetically heterogeneous group of rare, but similar in nature, diseases caused by a deficiency of one of the four lysosomal enzymes involved in the degradation of heparan sulfate. All types of mucopolysaccharidosis III are characterized by severe degeneration of the central nervous system in combination with mild somatic manifestations, which is explained by the accumulation of high concentrations of heparan sulfate in the lysosomes of various cells, including the central nervous system. The primary biochemical defect in the most common type of mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA, occurring with a frequency of 1 : 105 and presented in 60% of all cases of the disease, is heparan-N-sulfatase, or sulfamidase deficiency. Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB type occurs twice less often and accounts for about 30% of all cases of Sanfilippo syndrome. It is caused by the presence of inactivating mutations in the lysosomal -N-acetylglucosaminidase gene. Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIC and IIID are 4% and 6%, and occur at frequencies of 0.7 and 1.0 : 106. Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIC is caused by inactivating mutations in the gene of membrane-bound lysosomal acetyl-CoA:-glucosaminid-N-acetyltransferase, or N-acetyltransferase. Mucopolysaccharidosis IIID is based on the deficiency of lysosomal N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase. The role of experimental models in the study of the biochemical basis of the pathogenesis of Sanfilippo syndrome and the development of various therapeutic approaches are discussed. The possibility of neonatal screening, early diagnosis, prevention and pathogenetic therapy of these severe lysosomal diseases are considered. As an example, a clinical case of diagnosis and treatment of a child with type IIIB mucopolysaccharidosis is presented.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 22262 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "TaxonKey is Rhinolophus hipposideros (Bechstein, 1800)", "HasCoordinate is true", "Year is greater than or equal to 2011", "Year is less than or equal to 2024" ] } The dataset includes 22262 records from 91 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0058316-240506114902167/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Limited indication of gastrocystoplasty.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 28-year-old woman presented a huge vesico-vagino-rectal fistula after radiotherapy applied because of a gynaecological tumour. Reconstruction consisted of a colostomy, closure of the rectal hole with a pedicled perineal skin graft, a bivalve opening of the bladder and, with the two halves coverage of the vaginal suture line, and augmentation gastrocystoplasty. The fistulas healed but the patient suffered from an intolerable burning sensation. That is, why the stomach wall was removed and ureteroileocutaneostomy was created. The colostomy was closed, and now the patient has a well-functioning urine stoma.
Investigating effects of aqueous root extract of Mondia whitei on sperm functionality

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Introduction: Mondia whitei commonly known as White Ginger is a highly acclaimed medicinal plant that is extensively used across Africa. M. whitei is used as treatment for sexual dysfunction and is considered to be an aphrodisiac by traditional medicine practitioners. Yet, scientific evidence to support these claims are minimal and those that are published possess ambiguity. To date, only one study reporting the in vitro effect of the aqueous rhizome extract of M. whitei on human sperm motility is available. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the in vitro effects of M. whitei in human sperm functions. Materials and Methods: Roots of Mondia whitei obtained from the tropical Kakamega rain forest, located in the Western Province of Kenya, were cleaned and chopped into smaller segments. These pieces were ovendried at 25℃ for 3 days and milled to form a powdery substance which was infused with hot (about 70℃) distilled water for 1 hour. After cooling and filtration, the extract was frozen at -20℃ and subsequently freeze-dried. The dried extract was then stored at 4℃ in a closed container until experimentation. A total of 60 semen samples were collected: 28 of them represented healthy sperm donors and 32 infertile patients. Among these subjects, oligozoospermic and asthenozoospermic semen samples were identified and analysed separately. Sperm were washed using human tubular fluid medium supplemented with bovine serum albumin (HTF-BSA) and incubated for 1 hour at 37℃ with different concentrations of M. whitei (0.0185, 0.185, 1.85, 18.5 and 185 μg/ml). A sample without M. whitei served as control. Sperm cell motility, vitality, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), capacitation, acrosome reaction and DNA fragmentation were assessed. Results: Total motility and the percentage of sperm with intact MMP showed significant dose-dependent increases in both groups (patient and donor), while, the percentages of progressively motile sperm only revealed significant increases in the patient group. Besides, the percentage of ROS-positive spermatozoa showed significant trend towards higher concentrations in the patient group only. Conversely, a trend towards reduced sperm DNA-fragmentation could be observed in the patient, but not the donor group. Similar tendencies were noted in oligozoospermic and asthenozoospermic, but not for normozoospermic subjects. Yet, sperm vitality, capacitation, acrosome reaction and kinematic parameters were not affected. Conclusions: Phytochemicals present in M. whitei root extract maintains spermatozoa total motility, progressive motility and intact-MMP and DNA integrity. However, at therapeutic concentration (<1.85 μg/ml) it does not trigger sperm intrinsic superoxide production nor increase ROS by causing oxidative stress, that leads to DNA fragmentation.
A Green Costa Rican COVID-19 Recovery: Aligning Costa Rica's Decarbonization Investments with Economic Recovery

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this follow-on analysis to their 2020 study on the benefits and costs of Costa Rica's National Decarbonization Plan (NDP), the authors assess how the implementation of NDP could contribute to a just and robust COVID-19 recovery. The authors find that five years of decarbonization investments would offset the lingering impacts that COVID-19 would have on employment and economic activity.
Realization of Good Governance Through Medan One Data Program as a Form of Regional Autonomous Implementation of Medan City Government

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

<em>The concept of good governance can be realized if the three main actors, namely the government, private sector and civil society, synergi ze with each other. The one data program is closely related to the concept of good governance. This concept is better interpreted as a solution to realize effective and efficient government performance in the city of Medan. The Medan One Data Program has several main objectives and benefits in improving good governance in Medan City. Here are some of them: Increasing Transparency, Efficiency of Decision Making, Reducing Redundancy and Reducing Costs, Improving Public Services, Performance Monitoring and Evaluation, Community Empowerment. The initiative is a Presidential mandate as specified in Presidential Regulation No. 39 of 2019. The research method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method that describes conditions and phenomena found in the field. Thus, the research results show that the one data program can increase the effectiveness of Medan City government implementation. The Medan One Data Program not only helps improve the efficiency and effectiveness of government administration, but also strengthens the principles of good governance, transparency, community participation and accountability in the administration of Medan City government.</em>
EMERGING PATHOGEN ARCOBACTER SPP. IN FOOD OF ANIMAL ORIGIN

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

7.1 Foreword

The genus Arcobacter, previously classified as “aerotolerant campylobacter”, from 1991 is classified as a new genus member of the family of Campylobacteriaceae, belonging to the epsilon-proteobacteria. The genus Arcobacter contains eight described species: Arcobacter butzleri, A. cryaerophilus, A. nitrofigilis; A. skirrowii ,A. cibarius, A. thereius, A. halophilus and 46 A. mytili .
The bacteria are Gram negative, non-sporeforming, motile, curved, occasionally straight, rods which may appear as spiral. The most important differences between Arcobacter and Campylobacter are the ability of Arcobacter to grow at 15-25°C and its marked aerotolerance.
Arcobacter spp. have been considered as potential zoonotic foodborne and waterborne agents (. Arcobacter spp. can be found in meat (veal, beef, pork and poultry), milk and water. Nevertheless the real occurrence of these potential pathogens in food is largely unknown.

7.2 Objectives

The aim of this study is to evaluate prevalence and distribution of Arcobacter spp. in food of animal origin (raw meat and milk) in Northern Italy and to test the antimicrobial susceptibility of collected strains.

7.3 Trial 1: Prevalence and Distribution of Arcobacter spp. In Veal Calves in Northern Italy

In this study the prevalence and distribution of Arcobacter spp. in samples taken from feces and carcasses of healthy veal calves, raised in Northern Italy, were investigated. A membrane filtration technique with a non-selective blood agar was employed after enrichment in Arcobacter selective broth to isolate a wide range of Arcobacter spp. In addition, the same samples were tested at the species level by using a multiplex-PCR assay. Samples from feces (50 during a summer sampling, 50 during a winter sampling) and carcasses (50 during a summer sampling a 50 during a winter sampling) were collected at the slaughterhouse from 50 veal calves originating from five different farms. Of the fecal samples examined, 36 (72%) were found positive for at least one species of Arcobacter during summer sampling and 38 (76%) were found positive during winter sampling. Of the sampled carcasses examined, 50 (100%) were found positive for at least one species of Arcobacter in summer sampling and 20 (40%) in winter sampling. From feces, 23 (46%), 17 (34%) and 5 (10%) samples were found positive by m-PCR for A. cryaerophilus, A. skirrowii and A. butzleri, respectively in summer. On the other side in winter 15 (30%), 12 (24%) and 2 (8%) samples were found positive by m-PCR for A. cryaerophilus, A. skirrowii and A. butzleri, respectively. From carcasses, 47 (94%), 17 (34%) and 5 (10%) samples were positive for A. cryaerophilus, A. skirrowii and A. butzleri, respectively in summer sampling whereas 5 (10%), 4 (8%) and 8 (16%) samples were positive for A. cryaerophilus, A. skirrowii and A. butzleri, respectively in winter sampling . Some sampled carcasses (34% in summer and 6% in winter) and some fecal samples (18% both in summer and in winter) resulted contaminated with multiple…
A 4000 year-old introduction of domestic pigs into the Philippine Archipelago: implications for understanding routes of human migration through Island Southeast Asia and Wallacea

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

New research into the Neolithic of Island Southeast Asia is broadening the old models and making them more diverse, more human – more like history: people and animals can move through the islands in a multitude of ways. The domestic pig is an important tracker of Neolithic people and practice into the Pacific, and the authors address the controversial matter of whether domestic pigs first reached the islands of Southeast Asia from China via Taiwan or from the neighbouring Vietnamese peninsula. The DNA trajectory read from modern pigs favours Vietnam, but the authors have found well stratified domestic pig in the Philippines dated to c. 4000 BP and associated with cultural material of Taiwan. Thus the perils of relying only on DNA – but are these alternative or additional stories?
Probing the rest-frame of the Universe with near-IR cosmic infrared background

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

While the cosmic microwave background (CMB) dipole is largely assumed entirely kinematic, there appears evidence that a part of it is primordial. Such possibility arises in models implying a tilt, interpreted as a dark flow, across the observable Universe. The kinematic nature of the entire CMB dipole can be probed using the dipole of cosmic backgrounds from galaxies after the last scattering. The near-IR cosmic infrared background (CIB) spectral energy distribution leads to an amplified dipole compared to the CMB. The CIB dipole is affected by galaxy clustering, decreasing with fainter, more distant galaxies, and by Solar System emissions and Galactic dust, which dominate the net CIB cosmological dipole in the optical/near-IR. We propose a technique that enables an accurate measurement of the kinematic near-IR CIB dipole. The CIB, effectively the integrated galaxy light (IGL), would be reconstructed from resolved galaxies in the forthcoming space-borne wide surveys covering four bands 0.9 to 2.5 micron. The galaxies will be sub-selected from the identified magnitude range where the dipole component from galaxy clustering is below the expected kinematic dipole. Using this technique the dipole can be measured in each of the bands at the statistical signal-to-noise S/N>50--100 with the forthcoming Euclid and Roman surveys, isolating CMB dipole's kinematic nature.
Antioxidant and cytotoxic potentials of Streptomyces gilvigriseus MUSC 26T isolated from mangrove soil in Malaysia

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Microorganisms play an important role in natural product discovery, particularly the member of genus Streptomyces. The Gram-positive, filamentous streptomycete, Streptomyces gilvigriseus MUSC 26T was firstly isolated from mangrove forest at Tanjung Lumpur, Malaysia. After 7-day fermentation, the supernatant of MUSC 26T was collected and subjected to chemical extraction. The resulting extract was used in antioxidant and invitro cytotoxicity assays against human colon cancer cell lines. The results showed that MUSC 26T extract possessed significant antioxidant activity and cytotoxic effect against the tested colon cancer cell lines. Lowest cell viability was observed in HCT-116 cell lines, at 63.64 ± 3.62 % (after treated with 400 µg/mL of extract). The other cell lines exhibited cell viability ranged from 67.50 – 86.66 % when treated with 400 µg/mL of extract. Further chemical analysis on the extraction using GC-MS has revealed the production of 14 compounds, including two cyclic dipeptides which could possibly contribute to the observed bioactivities. By the same token, the availability of its genome sequence allows further investigation into the biosynthetic gene clusters responsible for the production of these compounds which could essentially accelerate its development as chemopreven-tive drug(s).
Data from Prediction of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Using Core Needle Biopsy Samples with the Prosigna Assay

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Most hormone receptor (HR)<sup>+</sup>/HER2<sup>−</sup> breast cancer patients respond unfavorably to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC); however, genomic tests may identify those patients who are likely to benefit. Using the Prosigna assay, we first evaluated the technical performance of core needle biopsy (CNB) tissues. We then determined whether Prosigna risk of relapse (ROR) score and intrinsic subtype predicted response to NAC in HR<sup>+</sup>/HER2<sup>−</sup> patients using CNB samples.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> Using the NanoString's nCounter Dx analysis system and a development tissue sample set, we established tissue requirements and assay output variance. We then evaluated the concordance in subtype and correlation in ROR between CNBs and corresponding surgical resection specimens (SRS) in a second independent sample set. Finally, we analyzed 180 independent CNB samples from HR<sup>+</sup>/HER2<sup>−</sup> patients who were treated with NAC and correlated ROR and intrinsic subtype with pathologic response.</p><p><b>Results:</b> Intra- and interbiopsy variabilities were 2.2 and 6.8 ROR units, respectively. Subtype concordance within multiple CNBs was high for the 4- and 3-subtype classifications (k = 0.885 and 0.889, respectively). Correlation in Prosigna ROR score observed between paired CNBs and SRS was high (<i>r</i> ≥ 0.90), and subtype concordance was also high for the 4- and 3-subtype classifications (kappa = 0.81 and 0.91, respectively). Prosigna results obtained from the HR<sup>+</sup>/HER2<sup>−</sup> patient samples showed that both ROR (<i>P</i> = 0.047) and intrinsic subtype (OR LumA vs. non-LumA = 0.341, <i>P</i> = 0.037) were significant predictors of response to NAC.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Prosigna ROR and intrinsic subtype are readily obtained from CNB samples in normal practice and reliably predict response to NAC in HR<sup>+</sup>/HER2<sup>−</sup> patients. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 22(3); 560–6. ©2015 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Spectra of Sonoluminescent Rare-Gas Bubbles

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Sonoluminescence spectra of the heavy rare gases are calculated by combining the Hilgenfeldt et al. model of sonoluminescence [Phys. Fluids 11, 1318 (1999)] with quantum line-shape calculations of electron-neutral-atom bremsstrahlung spectra [L. Frommhold, Phys. Rev. E 58, 1899 (1998)]. Good agreement between theoretical and experimental spectra is obtained by choosing values of the ambient radius R0 and acoustic pressure amplitude P(a) that are compatible with diffusive equilibrium calculations.
Bruceoside-A, a novel antileukaemic quassinoid glycoside from Brucea javanica

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The structure and stereochemistry (exclusive of the configuration of the methyl group at C-4) of bruceoside-A, a novel antileukaemic quassinoid glycoside isolated from Brucea javanica(Linn) Merr., have been established from chemical transformations, correlations, and spectral analyses.
Statistical theory of chain scission and concurrent damage not associated with chain scission in linear polymers

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A statistical theory of the parallel accumulation of randomly placed breaks and damage not associated with breaks in linear polymers is presented. Expressions for the weight fraction of polymer in the form of chains that bear n or more sites of nonbreak damage (markers) are developed, and results of numerical computations with them presented. The effects of polydispersity in the undamaged sample are discussed. The relation of the computed quantities to experimental methods used in the study of damage to nucleic acids due to radiation and chemical exposure is discussed.
Redox Flow Batteries for small scale energy storage

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The rapid growth of renewable energy calls for large and efficient energy storage system. Storage of photovoltaic and wind electricity in batteries could solve the mismatch problem between the intermittent supply of these renewable resources and variable demand. Most type of battery on the market, known as Solid-electrode batteries maintain discharge at peak power for far too short time to fully regenerate renewable energy. Electrochemical storage systems are seen as a solution of choice in most cases, since they present unique features of localization scalability, efficiency, and flexibility. Most of them are Redox flow battery exhibit very high potential. Most common utilization of redox flow battery is vanadium based battery, used mainly for commercial use. Application for redox flow battery in residential market for low scale is widely open. It shows that redox flow battery has advantages compared to Lithium or Lead-acid based battery.
The Response to the Regent Moray's Assassination

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This piece examines the immediate contemporary response to the assassination of James Stewart, earl of Moray and regent of Scotland. Moray's funeral and tomb are considered alongside the series of popular printed responses to his demise, largely written by the prolific King's party propagandist Robert Sempill. It is argued that Sempill developed a sophisticated response to Moray's death which drew on three key themes: Moray's royal lineage; an Old Testament imperative to revenge the slaughtered innocent; and references to conventions of bloodfeud. Moray's blood is shown to be the image which unified and connected these three rhetorical strands into a potent call for political action. Propaganda has been increasingly recognised as an important component of the Scottish Civil War. This article concludes that Sempill's discussion of Moray's assassination and posthumous eulogisation of Moray constituted a powerful and effective aspect of King's party rhetoric, which dominated discussion during the first six months of 1570, the urgency and efficacy of which deserves recognition.
Alteration of the expression of the hypocretin (orexin) gene by 2-deoxyglucose in the rat lateral hypothalamic area

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Following an i.p. injection of 2-deoxyglucose (2DG), a nonmetabolizable analogue of glucose known to induce intracellular glucopenia, a progressive decrease in the level of hypocretin (Hcrt)/orexin mRNA was observed in the rat lateral hypothalamus while the melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) expression in neighbouring neurons remained unaffected. This result together with the previously reported stimulation of Hcrt expression by insulin confirms that Hcrt neurons, but not MCH neurons, are sensitive to glucose availability and suggests that they respond through different mechanisms and/or different pathways to intracellular glucopenia and hypoglycemic conditions.
UNUSUAL FORMS OF PERIOSTEAL ELEVATION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Periosteal elevation in childhood is not infrequently encountered, and is usually associated with scurvy or congenital syphilis. In the last year I had the opportunity to observe two children with neuroblastoma and leukemia, respectively, both of whom had roentgen-ray evidence of periosteal elevation of the long bones.

REPORT OF CASES

Case1.—History.—M. G.,boy, aged 3 years, was admitted to the hospital June 11, 1925, with the complaint of weakness, swelling of the fingers, and anemia of several months' duration. His family history was negative. The Wassermann test of the blood of both parents and of a brother was negative. The patient's past history was irrelevant. He weighed 7 pounds (3.2 Kg.) at birth, which was normal. He was breast fed for three months, then successfully weaned. He developed normally and enjoyed good health except for pneumonia at the age of 18 months and diphtheria at 2 years (for