jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Seneca’s De Clementia. An Overlooked Chapter in the Genealogies of Representation and Sovereignty

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the article, Seneca's figure is rehabilitated as relevant to understanding the emergence of sovereignty and modern representation.The idea put forth by the author of De Clementia would become one of the bases for Bodin's writings and is also present in Hobbes' work.During the Renaissance, De Clementia promoted monarchical forms.In De Clementia, this Stoic philosopher presents Nero in a depersonalised form.He is not only the sovereign capable of shaping a multitude, representing it in its whole and giving it the character of "people", but also one who secures peace and rules with justice.Thus, in Seneca, one can discern a prototheory of sovereignty and representation, with decisionism as its result.If these readings of Seneca are plausible, genealogies of modern concepts that interpret their emergence as a revolutionary Trennung (e.g.Schmitt and early Conceptual History) (Lehmann and Van Horn Melton, 1994; Lehmann and Richter, 1996) could be facing a problem of omission.The conceptual support for the process through which the medieval social and political world was destroyed and substituted by modernity does not come from Cicero's republican tradition, but from a monarchical notion of unity among the governor and the governed; an idea defended by Seneca, according to which absolute sovereignty would guarantee private property, contracts, and a sui iuris apolitical soul.
Relation of RV Function to Presence and Degree of Systemic Hypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hypertension is an important non-communicable disease in Africa. It is the most important cardiovascular risk factor. The effect of hypertension on left ventricle has been documented for long time, but sparse and consistent evidence shows an impact of hypertension on the right ventricle. The RV can be studied with many imaging and functional modalities. In clinical practice, echocardiography is the mainstay of evaluation of RV structure and function. Aim of this study was to analyze impact of presence and severity of systemic arterial hypertension (HTN) on right ventricular function measured by tissue Doppler echocardiography. For this aim we included sixty consecutive patients from outpatient clinics and thirty healthy age and sex matched individuals and made a full 2D and tissue doppler study for the RV and compared results for non-hypertensives, stage 1 and stage 2 hypertensives. Doppler data obtained at the tricuspid valve showed statistically significant results regarding E, E/A, DT and IVRT correlating the presence and degree of hypertension with RV diastolic function (p<0.001). The current study demonstrated that RV diastolic dysfunction not only is an early marker that is correlated to presence of systemic arterial hypertension but also showed it to be a marker of its severity and degree of control as conveyed by stage of hypertension.
A robust adaptive caching strategy for buffer cache

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract — While many block replacement algorithms for buffer caches have been proposed to address the well-known drawbacks of the LRU algorithm, they are not robust and cannot maintain an consistent performance improvement over all workloads. This paper proposes a novel and simple replacement scheme, called RACE (Robust Adaptive buffer Cache management schemE), which differentiates the locality of I/O streams by actively detecting access patterns inherently exhibited in two correlated spaces: the discrete block space of program contexts from which I/O requests are issued and the continuous block space within files to which I/O requests are addressed. This scheme combines global I/O regularities of an application and local I/O regularities of individual files accessed in that application to accurately estimate the locality strength, which is crucial in deciding which blocks are to be replaced upon a cache miss. Through comprehensive simulations on eight realapplication traces, RACE is shown to high hit ratios than LRU and all other state-of-the-art cache management schemes studied in this paper. Index Terms — Operating systems, file systems management, memory management, replacement algorithms.
Modification of cultural heritage elicits disgust : the role of cultural essence, identification and sacredness of cultural heritage

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Cultural heritage serves as an identity marker and anchor for members in the culture to develop their identities. In this paper, we examined if modifications to cultural heritage representations threaten the individual’s identity, and subsequently elicit disgust. We tested if the relationship between modification and disgust would be mediated by the embodiment of cultural essence, and whether this mediated relationship would be moderated by identification with and sacredness of Singapore’s cultural heritage. To test these propositions, we randomly assigned 163 Singaporean Chinese undergraduates into one of the three experimental conditions. Across the conditions, participants were presented with descriptions of the dishes representative of Singapore’s cultural heritage. In the no-modification condition, the dishes were described in their traditional forms. In the non-essence modification condition, the non-essential characteristics of the dishes were substituted. In the essence modification condition, the non-essential characteristics and essential characteristics of the dishes were substituted. Following each description, participants rated each dish on its disgust, appeal, and the embodiment of Singapore’s cultural heritage essence. Next, participants completed the measures for identification with Singapore’s cultural heritage, and sacredness of Singapore’s cultural heritage. Findings generally supported our hypotheses, with the exception of the moderating role of sacredness of cultural heritage. Participants rated the food products from the essence modification condition to have lower cultural essence and more disgusting. Individuals who identified strongly with cultural heritage reacted more strongly to the modifications. Such findings are pertinent to our understanding of cultural identity and why modifications to cultural heritage representations elicits disgust.
Planning Models for Sustainable Water Resource Development

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper intends to present a critical review of the planning models that can be used for sustainable water resource development. Three types of models are identified and assessed: (1) economic analysis models; (2) decision analysis models; and (3) systems analysis models. The methodology adopted in this paper is based on first describing the different types of models and then synthesizing and evaluating these models in terms of their theoretical underpinnings, applications, strengths and weaknesses. Each model is investigated with respect to its utility in addressing sustainability in water resource management. The study concludes that decision-based and system-based models may offer a wider spectrum of concepts than economic models in addressing multi-objective, multi-actor or 'wicked' problems in water management and resource sustainability.
Sleep in later life: a population-based approach

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

textabstractThis dissertation includes six epidemiological studies of sleep in a normal elderly population. The research was conducted within the setting of the Rotterdam Study, a large prospective cohort study of community-dwelling inhabitants of a district of Rotterdam, aged 55 and over. A total of 1076 persons participated in an additional sleep study, in which their sleep was â€˜measuredâ€™ with a sleep diary and with actigraphy, a method that infers sleep and wakefulness from the presence or absence of arm movement.
The following topics are addressed in this dissertation: gender differences in sleep duration and sleep quality, disagreement between diary and actigraphy measures of sleep parameters, the relationship between sleep duration and cardiovascular disease and risk factors (obesity, hypertension and cholesterol levels) and sleep in depression and anxiety disorders. One of the remarkable conclusions is that women report shorter and poorer sleep in their diaries, but when measured with actigraphy, women show longer and less fragmented sleep than men. Furthermore, both persons who habitually sleep less than 6 hours per night and persons who tend to sleep more than 8 hours per night, have a higher risk of obesity. Also, these groups had more depressive and anxiety disorders. All studies showed a considerable disagreement between measurement methods. This implies that sleep remains a mysterious phenomenon that cannot easily be precisely measured in the home situation. Longitudinal r!
esearch is needed to further elucidate the effects of (lack of) sleep on physical and mental health.
Evaluating the Performance of Pedestrian-Oriented Developments: Summary of Site Visits and Research Design Options

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Pedestrian-oriented developments are those that include a mixture of land uses, shorter distances between likely origins and destinations, and de-sign improvements to the pedestrian environment. Though several such developments have been con-structed within California in the last twenty years and planners commonly promote them, there has been little post-occupancy evaluation of their performance in actually increasing pedestrian activity in order to reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. Between September 2009 and June 2010, funded by the California Energy Commission (BOA 246), the Center for Resource-Efficient Communities (CREC) undertook a preliminary study to determine how to best proceed with research that will help planners assess the potential of improvements to the pedestrian environment to increase walk trips and reduce auto-mobile trips. CREC identified a group of 21 pedes-trian-oriented developments across California and collected data about each site, both through site visits and sources such as the U.S. Census. The number of sites available for study and the large amount of data available on each site indicated promising trends to-ward both increasing build-out of pedestrian-friendly developments and increasing focus on understanding non-automobile travel. The sites studied varied widely in terms of scale, type, mix of land uses, pedestrian design features, and location within the greater met-ropolitan area, suggesting that alternative research designs will be more fruitful in determining which design factors most strongly contribute to pedestrian activity and trip substitution.
Traffic and travel patterns at public transport terminals

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research project aims to quantify the nature of vehicular and passenger traffic generated at public transport terminals during peak hours and to determine travel behaviour characteristics of public transport users. The scope of this study is restricted to Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) stations. A self-complete mail-back survey was conducted on a sample of MRT users at ten selected stations to gather relevant data for analysis. A total of 15,980 survey questionnaires were distributed during the main survey, and 2,471 responses were received. Questionnaires were distributed at stations located in housing estates and the Central Business District.
A Case of Cor Triloculare Biatriatum with Survival to Adult Life

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cor triloculare biatriatum is an uncommon anomaly, and survival into adult life is exceptional.In Abbott's (1936) analysis of 1,000 cases of congenital heart disease the condition occurred 13 times as a primary defect and in a further 14 complicating other abnor- malities.In her series the age at death ranged from infancy to 35 years, the mean being 71 years.Included among these are four patients who lived to be 21 years or more.Other cases reaching adolescence or adult life are those of Favorite (1934) with survival to 18 years, Drey et al. (1938) 14 years, Carns et al. (1941) 44 years, Mehta and Hewlett (1945) 56 years, and the famous case of Holmes (1824) in which death occurred at 21. Mann (1907) described a case of his own surviving to 35 and quotes three others living to 22, 24, and 39.Messeloff and Weaver (1951) reported a case of trans- position of the great vessels with a ventricular septal defect and survival to 38 years.In the nine cases reported from the Mayo Clinic, the oldest was only eight years (Rogers and Edwards, 1951).Other cases described, with death in childhood, are those of Korn- blum (1935), Taussig (1939), Glendy et al. (1944), Greenberg (1949), Brown (1950), Richman (1950), and Keizer (1952).A large ventricular septal defect may give rise to a heart that is functionally triloculate but anatomically four-chambered.Apart from this cause the condition may arise as the result of an extremely early arrest in the development of the heart.A single ventricle remains with, as a rule, a rudimentary outlet chamber representing the bulbus cordis (Taussig, 1947).A quite different malformation results from tricuspid atresia and absence or defective development of the right ventricle.
Study of Alterations in the Concentration of Ions in the Plasma and of the Induction of Micronucleus in Piaractus mesopotamicus Exposed to the Herbicide Atrazine

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The pollution of the aquatic ecosystem has been increasing in the last years, mainly due to the industrial and agricultural development. The Atrazine pesticide is an important agent pollutant and it can harm the development and reproduction of several species of fish due to its toxicity. Piaractus mesopotamicus (pacu) is one of the species thoroughly comercialized and used in fish farms. The present study analyzed possible modifications in the concentration of ions in the plasma (Na+, Cl–, K+, Ca2+), in the blood pH and in the micronucleus frequency in pacu erythrocytes (N = 10 for group; Wt: 160.0 ± 5 g) exposed to the Atrazine herbicide (0.1 mg/L) during 96 hours in semi-static system. Samples of blood were collected, with aid of syringes heparinized, being centrifuged later and/or made smears for subsequent analysis of the micronucleus. The obtained plasma was used for the determinations of ions in the plasma. Cytological analyses showed significant differences (p < 0.0001) in the micronucleus frequency among the control group which was exposed to the atrazine herbicide. The blood pH stayed constant, but the ions concentration in the plasma Na+ and Cl– was, in relation to the control, significantly reduced (p < 0.05). The tested concentration of the herbicide probably provoked disturbances in the acid-base ionic balance and it can also be considered a clastogenic and poisonous product.
Blood Pool Agents for MRA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This chapter reviews new blood pool agents and studies performed to evaluate them. The major differences between a variety of blood pool agents are identified. These agents include large gadolinium (Gd)-labeled polymers, ultrasmall superpapramagnetic particles of iron oxide (USPIO), and MS-325, a small Gd chelate that binds to serum albumin (HAS). The chapter also outlines some early phase I trials on normal human subjects.
Fluid African Cities- Bottom-Up Adaptive Decision-Support for Resilient Urban Water Security. A case study of the application of decision-scaling for the city-centric water system of Lusaka,Zambia within the Kafue Flats sub-basin

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Globally, the implications of climate change and rapid urbanisation are a growing concern for the future of water resource management. African cities are places with significant water security risk, rapid urbanisation and multiple spatial and temporal scales (UN-WWAP, 2009). Identifying these risks provides insights into where resilience is required, which allows for informed adaptation decisions. Water managers are accustomed to changing circumstances and adapting to them; however, uncertainties associated with climate and socio-economic changes create an additional layer of complexity. Decision-support tools used for the evaluation and management of water resources should reflect the potential impacts of these changes.
Warm Cupping of the Posterior Thorax in Combination with Standard Conventional Therapy for ARDS in COVID-19 Patients in ICU: a Case Series

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is commonly found in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As a non-pharmacological treatment of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), cupping has been clinically used for respiratory symptoms. We sequentially identified a series of patients with COVID-19 with ARDS who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Warm cupping of the posterior thorax was performed for seven days. We collected longitudinal severity scores on cough, breathlessness, chest tightness, type of oxygen therapy, and oxygen saturation (SpO2). We hereby report the changes in the severity scores in a series of eight patients who received 21 sessions of cupping in addition to conventional treatments. All patients reported improvement in symptom scores that was matched by an increase in SpO2 by as much as 3.16%. All patients were discharged and did not require the use of a mechanical ventilator. The results suggest that combining cupping with conventional treatment may provide a good prognosis for patients with COVID-19 with ARDS.
A powerful and flexible approach to the analysis of RNA sequence count data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Motivation: A number of penalization and shrinkage approaches have been proposed for the analysis of microarray gene expression data. Similar techniques are now routinely applied to RNA sequence transcriptional count data, although the value of such shrinkage has not been conclusively established. If penalization is desired, the explicit modeling of mean–variance relationships provides a flexible testing regimen that ‘borrows’ information across genes, while easily incorporating design effects and additional covariates. Results: We describe BBSeq, which incorporates two approaches: (i) a simple beta-binomial generalized linear model, which has not been extensively tested for RNA-Seq data and (ii) an extension of an expression mean–variance modeling approach to RNA-Seq data, involving modeling of the overdispersion as a function of the mean. Our approaches are flexible, allowing for general handling of discrete experimental factors and continuous covariates. We report comparisons with other alternate methods to handle RNA-Seq data. Although penalized methods have advantages for very small sample sizes, the beta-binomial generalized linear model, combined with simple outlier detection and testing approaches, appears to have favorable characteristics in power and flexibility. Availability: An R package containing examples and sample datasets is available at http://www.bios.unc.edu/research/genomic_software/BBSeq Contact: yzhou@bios.unc.edu; fwright@bios.unc.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Exploration de l’expérience vécue des médecins généralistes du territoire Est-héraultais autour du dispositif PAERPA

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In order to address population ageing and its impact on our national health service, an experimental protocol PAERPA (coordinated healthcare circuit for frail elderly persons) was initiated in 2013 as a pilot project in 9 territories in France, and subsequently extended to other territories, including Eastern Hérault in September 2017. The aim is to improve the coordinated healthcare circuit for frail elderly persons. In order to explore the experience of general practitioners who already took part in the program, we carried out at the end of 2018 a qualitative study based on semi-­‐structured interviews of 10 GPs having currently at least one elderly person cared for with a personalised health plan (PPS) in their practice population. According to our study, GPs show a varying degree of knowledge about the protocol, due in part to the lack of communication on the protocol, but also to the difficulty to mobilise GPs, who are not used to pluri-­‐professional approaches. GPs with a real interest for team work are those who can best appropriate the tools available. They tend to agree on the positive impact of the protocol on patient care and medical practice. However, several obstacles to a wider deployment of the protocol remain: the role of GPs in the protocol is complex to define, tools at GPs disposal do not enjoy consensus support, a financial valuation of the participation in the protocol does not exist to this date…This work will have to be put in perspective with other studies to evaluate the efficiency achieved by the protocol in terms of improvement of patients’ quality of life and the reduction of the cost of cares and hospitalization.
Teaching climate in the humanities classroom

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Teaching about the human-related causes, effects, and solutions to climate change is an educational imperative that extends beyond the science classroom to encompass humanities disciplines that are better suited to exploring the social and economic nature of problems and solutions. This chapter explores the development, implementation, and evaluation of a humanities-focused, yearlong climate change curriculum in the sixth-grade course of study, as well as the partnerships that made it possible. The curriculum pilot takes place at the Lowell School, a small independent school in Washington, D.C. We present data from the curriculum development process, the first-year curriculum pilot, and ongoing trends noted in year two of implementation. Data includes student climate literacy surveys and staff interviews. The chapter incorporates perspectives of external partners and draws attention to implementation challenges as well as successes. The curriculum contains critical education-into-action elements and seeks to engage students directly in climate solutions at multiple scales. The humanities curriculum module is readily scalable to other schools as part of social studies and language arts core subject areas, with individual lesson modules being released on the Climate Generation: A Will Steger Legacy website.
Soil compaction modifies morphological characteristics of seminal maize roots

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An evaluation of the effects of soil structural heterogeneity on maize (Zea mays L.) root system architecture was carried out on plants grown in boxes containing fine soil and clods. The clods were prepared at two levels of moisture (0.17 and 0.20 g/g) and bulk density (ranges 1.45-1.61 g/ml and 1.63-1.79 g/ml). Soil moisture directly affected the probability of clod penetration by maize roots. Primary roots inside the clods manifested morphological deformations in the form of bends. We observed a significant increase of bends per root length at lower soil moisture (P = 0.02). Root diameter and branching density increased, and lateral root length decreased considerably inside the clods. However, once emerging out of the clods and into free soil, values of all three characteristics remained low. While changes in root diameter were caused mainly by clod moisture (P < 0.05), length of lateral roots was related to bulk density (P < 0.01). Branching density was modified exclusively by an interactive effect of both factors (P < 0.05).