jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
LEPROSY CONTROL IN ETHIOPIA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this number of Leprosy Review, we present a leading article by a highly experienced group of research workers on dapsone resistance in Ethiopia, and combine this with other contributions on the subject of leprosy and the health services, in a part of Africa which has been described (Schaller, 1972) as "unmatched among the tropical countries as far as abundance of pathology is concerned".In addition to this abundance of pathology, the physical character of the country itself presents fo rmidable problems, many of which are described in detail in a volume on Ethiopia in the remarkable Geomedical Monograph Series, published by Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1972), and fr om which we extract information on leprosy in this number by Professor K. F. Schaller, Director of the Ernst Rodenwald Institute in Koblenz and Chairman of the MedicaI Commission of ILEP.Ethiopia has a population of about 24 million, of whom only 2 m illion live in cities, most of the registered leprosy patients occupying the central, hilly are as (C ap and Mulatu, 1976).The number recorded as having been registered is in itself a matter of concern; in the Weekly Epidemiological Record of January 1979, WHO estimate 135,000 cases of leprosy for Ethiopia, of whom only 59,000 are registered.The lepromatous rate is given as 50%-an unusually high figure for Africa.Clearly this means that well under half the estimated cases have been registered and that amongst the unregistered (and therefore presumably untreated) cases, no fewer than 50% may be excreting bacilli into the environment, mainly-as numerous contributions to this and other journals in recent years have confirmed-from the nose and nasal mucus.
Comparison of the concept of "winter" in Russian and Chinese linguistic cultures

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article examines the interpretation of the concept of winter in Russian and Chinese linguistic cultures, analyzes and compares the similarities and differences of the same concept in different linguistic worldviews, analyzes the linguistic expression of the concept of "winter" in order to study the lexical and semantic field in different cultures and its paradigmatic ordering. Russian Russian and Chinese languages, despite the differences in word formation, there is a similarity in the semantic paradigm, and the basic meaning of the concept of winter is seasonal in both Russian and Chinese, but there is a noticeable difference in the formation of lexico-semantic groups, although the concept of "winter" is universal. Russian Russian language pictures of the world, and the purpose of the comparison is to identify similarities and differences in the concept of winter and to characterize the features of lexico-semantic groups in the Chinese and Russian language pictures of the world. Therefore, the main attention in the article is paid to the separation of lexico-semantic groups of the expression "winter" as a conceptual word in the Chinese and Russian language pictures of the world, and the purpose of the comparison is to identify similarities and differences in the concept of winter and to characterize the features of lexico-semantic groups in the Chinese and Russian language pictures of the world. Russian Russian and Chinese concepts of winter are essentially the same, but the perception of winter by the Russian and Chinese peoples in different historical and cultural contexts is significantly different. And the novelty of the research lies in the fact that the uniqueness and peculiarity of the concept of winter are considered in the aspect of lexico-semantic groups in different linguistic pictures of the world.
Virtual reality images created on the back and front of a display

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

To better investigate the biological mechanism of microorganisms, we developed a novel, to the best of our knowledge, virtual reality (VR) microscope that incorporates a head-mounted display (HMD) that creates VR images with a digital microscope. This type of VR microscope can be used with any type of optical microscope. The fabricated microscope is quite different from a common bifocal device because it can create VR images on the back and front of a display. If the VR images are displayed with object (OBJ) images, they are observable in [2 × 2] (back and front VR images and OBJ images; 2 × 2 = 4 images). This feature can provide important information on microscopic OBJs, which can be employed in 3D biological analysis. Furthermore, if a laser light source is added to this microscope, the images can be observed in [3 × 2] (back and front laser VR images, VR images, and OBJ images; 3 × 2 = 6 images). The lasers would also enable optical trapping and tracking, leading to improved biological analysis.
Hypoglycemic Effect of Methanol Extract of Carica Papaya (Pawpaw) Leaves in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This experiment evaluatedthe hypoglycemic effect of methanol extract of Carica papaya leaves in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Forty (40) male albino rats were grouped into eight: Group A (normal control), Group B (positive control) were induced and treated with glibenclamide, group C (negative control) were induced and not treated, group Dwas induced and treated with Carica papaya leave extract at doses of 200, group E induced and treated with Carica papaya leave extract at doses of 400, group F induced and treated with Carica papaya leave extract at doses of 600, group G induced and treated with Carica papaya leave extract at doses of 800 and group G induced and treated with Carica papayaleave extract at doses of 1000 mg/kg body weight. The blood glucose levels were determined before and after alloxan induction for 28 days. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed through ocular puncture for the biochemical parameters activity was compared with a reference standard of Acetylcholine esterase, trypsin and pepsin (2mg/kg) negative control of physiological saline. Alloxan-induced diabetic rats treated with methanol extract showed relatively no significant (p<0.05) difference in acetylcholine esterase, pepsin and trypsin concentration compared with the controls. The study suggests that alloxan-induced diabetic rats treated with Carica papayaleaves extract possess a hypoglycemic effect,contributing to its antioxidant property
Sidney Littlefield Kasfir and Till Förster, eds. African Art and Agency in the Workshop. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2013. vi + 410 pp. Color and black-and-white photographs. Contributors. References. Notes. Tables. Index. $85.00. Cloth. $30.00. Paper. $25.99. EBook. - Joanna Grabski and Carol Magee, eds. African Art, Interviews, Narratives: Bodies of Knowledge at Work. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2013. vii + 194pp. Black-and-white photographs. Appendix of interlocutors. Contributors. Index. $80.00. Cloth. $28.00. Paper.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Sidney Littlefield Kasfir and Till Förster, eds. African Art and Agency in the Workshop. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2013. vi + 410 pp. Color and black-and-white photographs. Contributors. References. Notes. Tables. Index. $28.00. Paper. - Volume 57 Issue 2
\nMAD3 Encodes a Novel Component of the Spindle Checkpoint Which Interacts with Bub3p, Cdc20p, and Mad2p

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We show that MAD3 encodes a novel 58-kD nuclear protein which is not essential for viability, but is an integral component of the spindle checkpoint in budding yeast. Sequence analysis reveals two regions of Mad3p that are 46 and 47% identical to sequences in the NH(2)-terminal region of the budding yeast Bub1 protein kinase. Bub1p is known to bind Bub3p (Roberts et al. 1994) and we use two-hybrid assays and coimmunoprecipitation experiments to show that Mad3p can also bind to Bub3p. In addition, we find that Mad3p interacts with Mad2p and the cell cycle regulator Cdc20p. We show that the two regions of homology between Mad3p and Bub1p are crucial for these interactions and identify loss of function mutations within each domain of Mad3p. We discuss roles for Mad3p and its interactions with other spindle checkpoint proteins and with Cdc20p, the target of the checkpoint.
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT No: 09-3764 Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and Janet Boot Remcey Jeunenne Peeples and Monika Starke Appellants v. CRST Van Expedited, Inc. Appellee No: 09-3765 Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Appellant Janet Boot, et al. v. CRST Van Expedited, Inc. Appellee -----------------------------Equal Employment Advisory Council, et al. Amici on Behalf of Appellee No: 10-1682 Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Appellant Janet Boot, et al. v. CRST Van Expedited, Inc. Appellee
Considering science and language arts connections: A study of teacher cognition

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The Elementary Science Integration Project (ESIP) brought together teachers knowledgeable about, and committed to, whole‐language instruction with their science‐oriented counterparts to explore connections between the disciplines and build from teachers' strengths. By recognizing commonalities, that both hands‐on science and whole language center on inquiry and focus on children's learning processes, ESIP was designed to reveal the issues both groups of teachers see as important as they go about making classroom decisions. The ultimate goal of the project was to promote science as central to cross‐curricular study, thus increasing the comfort level of teachers, the amount of time devoted to science in the classroom, and an interest in inquiry. This article described the project and identified the considerations teachers used to evaluate science–language‐arts connections. Twenty expert and 7 novice teachers worked together over a 2‐year period to construct and elaborate their own understandings of curricular integrátion, designing action research projects to explore their newfound understandings. Teachers kept journals and participated in extensive group discussions and interviews that provided the data sources for this article. Results revealed the influence of teachers' scholarly and pedagogical orientations on the way they think about science–language‐arts connections and the influence of personal experiences in convincing teachers that science–language‐arts connections are worth fostering in the classroom.
Elimination of the Need for Urine Studies during Diagnostic Studies of Monoclonal Gammopathies by the Combined Use of Serum Immunofixation and Serum Free Light Chain Assays.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Due to the diagnostic sensitivity of serum free light chain quantitation for monoclonal light chain diseases, it has been suggested that urine assays no longer need be performed as part of the diagnostic algorithm for monoclonal proteins. We reviewed our experience to determine the relative diagnostic contribution of urine assays. Methods: Patients with a monoclonal gammopathy and monoclonal urinary protein at initial diagnosis who also had a serum immunofixation and serum free light chain quantitation within 30 days of diagnosis were identified (n = 428). The laboratory results for serum protein electrophoresis, serum immunofixation, serum free light chain, urine protein electrophoresis, and urine immunofixation were reviewed. Results: The patients in this cohort had diagnoses of multiple myeloma, primary amyloid, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, smoldering multiple myeloma, solitary plasmacytomas, and other less frequently detected monoclonal gammopathies. By definition of the cohort, all 428 had a monoclonal urine protein. 86% had an abnormal serum free light chain K/L ratio, 81% had an abnormal serum protein electrophoresis, and 94% had an abnormal serum immunofixation. In only 2 patients, however, were all 3 serum assays normal. Both of these were patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (idiopathic Bence Jones proteinuria). Conclusion: Discontinuation of urine studies and reliance on a diagnostic algorithm using solely serum studies (protein electrophoresis, immunofixation, and free light chain quantitation), missed 2 of the 428 monoclonal gammopathies (0.5 %) with urinary monoclonal proteins, and these 2 cases required no medical intervention.
A Study on Analyzing the Factors Affecting Employee Retention in Saravana Selvarathinam Retail Store

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Employee retention is a critical challenge for organizations in the competitive retail sector, directly impacting organizational performance and sustainability. This study investigates the multifaceted factors influencing employee retention at Saravana Selvarathinam Retail Store, a prominent retail establishment. Through a comprehensive mixed-methods approach, the research examines organizational, personal, and environmental determinants that contribute to employee turnover and engagement. By analyzing survey data, conducting in- depth interviews, and employing statistical techniques, the study aims to provide actionable insights for improving workforce stability and strategic human resource management. Keywords: Employee Retention, Retail Management, Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction, Human Resource Strategies
New developments in the Lincoln stack-decoder based large-vocabulary CSR system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The system described here is a large-vocabulary continuous-speech recognition (CSR) system developed using the ARPA Wall Street Journal (WSJ) and North American Business (NAB) databases. The recognizer uses a stack decoder-based search strategy, with a left-to-right stochastic language model. This decoder has been shown to function effectively on 56 K-word recognition of continuous speech. It operates left-to-right and can produce final textual output while continuing to accept additional input. The recognizer also features recognition-time adaptation to the user's voice. The new system showed a 48% reduction in the word error rate over the previously reported Nov. 92 system.
Measurement of rate and equilibrium parameters for physicochemical processes pertaining to the atmosphere by gas chromatography

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Laboratory kinetic experiments can be performed under conditions of concentration, temperature, pressure, humidity, and so on very close to those prevailing in the atmosphere and in the presence of heterogeneous sinks by the reversed-flow gas chromatography (RF-GC) technique. It is an absolute rate constant technique, but the system is neither a static nor a flow one. It is a diffusion controlled system by means of which rate constants and reaction orders with respect to time nt of unimolecular and bimolecular chemical reactions of atmospheric species with other substances can be measured. In the presence of heterogeneous sinks, the following physicochemical parameters are determined under unsteady-state conditions: the local adsorption parameter k1 of the analyte A under study and the experimental isotherm, the desorption rate constant of A from the solid surface k−1, the rate constant k2 of a possible first-order or pseudo-first-order surface reaction of the adsorbed analyte, and the deposition velocity Vd and the reaction probability γ of A on the heterogeneous sink. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 10: 141–148, 1998
A CASE OF POSTMASTECTOMY LYMPHANGIOSARCOMA (STEWART-TREVES SYNDROME)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

乳房切除後リンパ管肉腫は胸筋合併乳房切除術を受けた乳癌患者でリンパ浮腫を伴った患側上肢に発症する極めて稀な予後不良の腫瘍である. 症例は73歳, 女性. 1967年10月に左乳癌にて胸筋合併乳房切除術と術後放射線照射療法を受けた. 1990年頃より左上肢の浮腫が出現し2000年12月には左上肢に多発性の紅色腫瘤が出現したため, 2001年1月に当院皮膚科を受診し転移性皮膚腫瘍が疑われ外科受診となった. 同日施行した組織生検にて乳房切除後リンパ管肉腫と診断され, 初診より5週後には左肩甲帯離断術が施行された. 2007年2月術後6年を経過したが無再発生存している. 極めて稀な疾患のため炎症性疾患と考えられ治療が遅れることが多く, 診断後の平均生存期間は11～18カ月と非常に短く早期発見治療がその予後を左右するといわれている. 今回われわれはこの稀な乳房切除後リンパ管肉腫の長期生存例を経験したので報告する.
A Bayesian quantification of consistency in correlated datasets

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We present three tiers of Bayesian consistency tests for the general case of\n$correlated$ datasets. Building on duplicates of the model parameters assigned\nto each dataset, these tests range from Bayesian evidence ratios as a global\nsummary statistic, to posterior distributions of model parameter differences,\nto consistency tests in the data domain derived from posterior predictive\ndistributions. For each test we motivate meaningful threshold criteria for the\ninternal consistency of datasets. Without loss of generality we focus on\nmutually exclusive, correlated subsets of the same dataset in this work. As an\napplication, we revisit the consistency analysis of the two-point weak lensing\nshear correlation functions measured from KiDS-450 data. We split this dataset\naccording to large vs. small angular scales, tomographic redshift bin\ncombinations, and estimator type. We do not find any evidence for significant\ninternal tension in the KiDS-450 data, with significances below $3\\, \\sigma$ in\nall cases. Software and data used in this analysis can be found at\nhttp://kids.strw.leidenuniv.nl/sciencedata.php\n
Assessment of Density and Anatomical Features of Young and Old Bambusa vulgaris (Schrad. ex J.C. Wendl.) Culm Heights as Sustainable Structural Material in Ghana

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study sought to assess the density and anatomical features of young and old Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex JC Wendl. culm heights and, therefore, evaluate their influence on the utilization potential of the culm as a sustainable structural material. Bambusa vulgaris culm of 2-year and 4-year-old were harvested and prepared to the required length of 6 meters for the study. Basic density and anatomical features were carried out. The results showed that the basic density of old bamboo ranges from 652.91 kg/m³ to 729.06 kg/m³, while the young bamboo ranges from 342.33 kg/m³ to 509.52 kg/m³. The vascular bundle arrangement was found to be in Type III and Type IV for the culm heights of both young and old bamboo. The average vascular bundle radial diameter ranged from 761.13 μm to 890.78 μm for the old culm and 727.16 μm to 844.83 μm for the young culm. The average vascular bundle tangential diameter ranged from 499.44 μm to 533.49 μm for the old culm and 425.56 μm to 483.56 μm for the young culm. The radial diameter of the metaxylem vessel of the old culm ranged from 216.81 μm to 54.74 μm, while 214.23 μm to 73.86 μm were for the young culm. Parenchyma tissues ranged from 35%– to 70% for the old bamboo culm and 45% to 75% for the young bamboo culm. Vessel proportion ranged from 6%–12% for the old culm while the young culm ranged from 5%–11%. Fiber proportion ranged from 22% to 54% for the old culm and 19% to 44% for the young culm. Old bamboo had better vascular bundle properties than that of young bamboo. The density is significantly correlated positively to the anatomical properties. Old bamboo is more suitable to be used as the engineered composite material due to its better anatomical features across the culm wall thickness.
Competitive Analysis for the Improvement of Power Factor using Zeta Converter and SEPIC Converter for BLDC Motor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we studied the competitive analysis for the improvement of power factor using zeta converter and SEPIC converter for BLDC motor by reducing the configuration of sensor. For the low power factor application, here we can control the speed of motor by varying the voltage of inverter by giving the feedback of BLDC motor drive. A low frequency is used for electromagnetic communication of the motor which reduce the switching losses. In this paper, zeta converter is used to operate it in inductor current mode. In this paper, our proposed method is used to design to operate in wide range of the speed control with the power quality improvement at AC main. Here we can compare the result of zeta converter and sepic converter for the improvement of power factor for BLDC motor.

Keywords: Zeta converter, voltage source inverter, PFC-based BLDC motor, sepic converter
[Reevaluation of impotence following TURP].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Impotence following transurethral prostatectomy is one of the main complications that still has a controversial origin. Many authors, reporting their experience, have demonstrated that this complication is due both to psychological problems and to organic causes. We review retrospectively 68 patients submitted to TURP. All patients (53 to 65 years old) were asked about their sexual efficiency before and after TURP, 6-12 months after surgery. Those who complained of erectile failure have been studied using this diagnostic protocol: plasmatic dosage of FSH, LH, Testosterone and Prolactin; penile Doppler ultrasound, polysomnographic recording of nocturnal tumescence test (NPT Test); angiography of the pudenda arteries has been performed in only one patient with pathological penile Doppler ultrasound (IPP < 0.7). The examinations demonstrated an organic impotence not secondary to vascular damage in 10 patients following surgery (incidence 15.6%). Our high incidence of this complication is, according to us, significant even if it should be considered in excess since in our study we used anamnestic criteria alone in the evaluation of sexual efficiency before surgery. In 1984 T. Lue demonstrated, through accurate histological preparations, that cavernous nerves run contiguously to the prostatic capsule at 5 and 7 hours in correspondence of the glandular apex. He suggested that impotence following TURP is due to iatrogenic lesions of these nervous structures during endoscopic resection. Similarly, we have conducted an anatomopathological study on prostate specimens taken from autopsies. We demonstrated the presence of nervous structure contiguously to the prostatic capsule in correspondence with the glandular apex. Thus, impotence following TURP probably occurs after an iatrogenic heat lesion of the periprostatic plexus caused by resection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hepatoprotective effect of Acantholimon bracteatum (Girard) Boiss. on formaldehyde-induced liver injury in adult male mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background and objectives: Acantholimon bracteatum (Girard) Boiss (Plumbaginaceae) is used in variety of diseases including hepatic ailments in the west regions of Iran. In the present study, the hepatoprotective effect of the methanol extract (ME) of A. bracteatum on formaldehyde (FA) induced liver injury has been investigated in adult male mice. Methods: Fifty six adult male mice were divided into 8 groups. The control group received normal saline. Group II (E2) was treated with formaldehyde 10 mg/kg. Group III to VIII (E3-E8) were treated with both FA (10 mg/kg) and the metanol extract at doses of 5, 10, 15, 20, 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively. All animals were treated for 2 weeks (once every other day). At the end of the morphology, histopathology of liver and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were evaluated. Results: Formaldehyde induced liver damage both in histology and function. The levels of ALT, AST and ALP enzymes had signiﬁcantly increased in FA treated group. Administration of ME in all experimental groups significantly reduced serum levels of ALP (p= 0.02); however, AST was reduced significantly just in groups III (E3) and IV(E5) (p