jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Spatial dissection of tumour microenvironments in gastric cancers reveals the immunosuppressive crosstalk between CCL2+ fibroblasts and STAT3 -activated macrophages

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background A spatially resolved, niche-level analysis of tumour microenvironments (TME) can provide insights into cellular interactions and their functional impacts in gastric cancers (GC). Objective Our goal was to translate the spatial organisation of GC ecosystems into a functional landscape of cellular interactions involving malignant, stromal and immune cells. Design We performed spatial transcriptomics on nine primary GC samples using the Visium platform to delineate the transcriptional landscape and dynamics of malignant, stromal and immune cells within the GC tissue architecture, highlighting cellular crosstalks and their functional consequences in the TME. Results GC spatial transcriptomes with substantial cellular heterogeneity were delineated into six regional compartments. Specifically, the fibroblast-enriched TME upregulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation and immunosuppressive response in malignant and TME cells, respectively. Cell type-specific transcriptional dynamics revealed that malignant and endothelial cells promote the cellular proliferations of TME cells, whereas the fibroblasts and immune cells are associated with procancer and anticancer immunity, respectively. Ligand-receptor analysis revealed that CCL2 -expressing fibroblasts promote the tumour progression via JAK-STAT3 signalling and inflammatory response in tumour-infiltrated macrophages. CCL2+ fibroblasts and STAT3 -activated macrophages are co-localised and their co-abundance was associated with unfavourable prognosis. We experimentally validated that CCL2+ fibroblasts recruit myeloid cells and stimulate STAT3 activation in recruited macrophages. The development of immunosuppressive TME by CCL2+ fibroblasts were also validated in syngeneic mouse models. Conclusion GC spatial transcriptomes revealed functional cellular crosstalk involving multiple cell types among which the interaction between CCL2+ fibroblasts and STAT3 -activated macrophages plays roles in establishing immune-suppressive GC TME with potential clinical relevance.
Sizing, economic, and reliability analysis of photovoltaics and energy storage for an off‐grid power system in Jordan

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Remote areas in Jordan often rely on expensive and polluting diesel generators to meet their electricity demand. This study investigates 100% renewable solutions to supply the electricity demand of off‐grid energy systems through optimal sizing of photovoltaics and energy storage systems. A linear programming approach is proposed to minimise the annualised cost of electricity supply including capital costs of equipment and their operation and maintenance costs. The optimisation determines the size of photovoltaics and energy storage required to satisfy electricity demand at every hour of a selected year. A Jordan campsite was used as a case study to assess and compare the performance of PV‐battery storage and PV‐hydrogen storage systems from economic and reliability perspectives. The results show that hydrogen storage was more economical for a 100% renewable energy system. However, introducing some diesel generation gave the battery system a significantly lower annualised cost of energy.
Pure Component and Binary Mixture Adsorption of Light Alkanes and Alkenes on Zeolite NaX at Low Temperatures: Influence of Chain Length

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In this study, the separation of short-chain alkane/alkene pairs by fixed-bed adsorption on zeolite NaX at low temperatures is investigated. Experiments are carried out with pure components and mixtures of ethane/ethene, propane/propene, and n-butane/1-butene in the temperature range between -75 and +40 °C and partial pressures up to 450 Pa. For a short chain length, much stronger adsorption of the alkene is observed. In contrast, with an increase in chain length, the isotherms of alkanes and alkenes of the same chain length become more similar. In addition, a greater influence of temperature on capacity is seen, the shorter the chain length is. In binary mixtures, a strong competition occurs at high total loadings with the alkene displacing the alkane. A characteristic curve is formed for the selectivity in the mixture, which shifts to higher temperatures with an increase in the chain length.
Abstract ES9-3: Adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy: Current practice and future approaches

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is accounts for approximately 10-15% of all breast cancer and is associated with a higher risk of disease recurrence, particularly early recurrence, than the other breast cancer subtypes. From a genomic standpoint, TNBC is heterogeneous, though we do not know how to incorporate this heterogeneity in treatment decisions. At the present time, there are no targeted systemic therapies for TNBC, and standard/neoadjuvant treatment consists of chemotherapy. Most treatment regimens include both an anthracyline and a taxane and involve 6-8 cycles of therapy, though simpler regimens such as AC x 4, TC x 4, or CMF x 6 remain an option for patients with a stage I disease. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is often administered to decrease the extent of breast or axillary surgery. Outside of a clinical trial, anthracycline/taxane-based regimens remain the standard of care in the neoadjuvant setting. The addition of the platinum salts to standard therapy increases the proportion of patients who achieve a pathologic complete response, but it is unclear if these agents extend disease-free or overall survival. It is also unknown which patients benefit from the platinum salts and whether these agents should be added to or substituted for some portion of the standard regimen. Other investigational regimens, such as those including the PARP inhibitors, are also being studied in the neoadjuvant setting. On an individual patient level, response to neoadjuvant therapy is closely tied to outcome. Patients with a pathologic complete response have a far better outcome than those with residual disease, particularly those with extensive residual disease. However, it is unknown if the achievement of a higher pathologic complete response within a comparative trial leads to an improvement in disease-free or overall survival. Similarly, it is unknown if the addition of agents such as the platinum salts or other investigational treatmens can reduce the risk of recurrence in patients with residual disease after standard therapy. Ultimately, improved outcomes will be achieved through carefully controlled adjuvant and neoadjuvant trials conducted in close collaboration with laboratory investigators. It is likely that our understanding of the underlying biology of triple negative disease as well as our treatment approaches will evolve significantly in the next decade. Citation Format: Eric P. Winer. Adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy: Current practice and future approaches [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr ES9-3.
Development of SSR Markers in Sweet Cherry Using Selectively Amplified Microsatellite

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A total of 100 sequences were isolated and cloned by SAM(Selectively Amplified Microsatellite)and another one was obtained from the NCBI and EMBL databases.82 SSR sequences were used to design the special primers at 77 loci from 69 fragments.Thirty-eight pairs of special primers were synthesized,matching with 5' anchored degenerate SSR primer,to detect 36 SSR loci.27 primer pairs amplified clear and robust DNA fragment,of which nineteen pairs of SSR primers amplified the corresponding SSR sequences and eight amplified the unexpected fragments.24 polymorphic primer pairs were selected from the 27 primer pairs by using the genomic DNA of 27 sweet cherry germplasm,and 24 locus-specific SSR markers were obtained.
On the intrinsic shape of elliptical galaxies.

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present a method to constrain the intrinsic axial ratios, viewing angles and intrinsic kinematic misalignment (the angle between the angular momentum and the shortest axis) of triaxial elliptical galaxies. The method is based on the hypothesis that the isodensity contours of a galaxy can be represented as similar triaxial ellipsoids, and assumes intrinsic stellar velocity fields similar to model III in Franx et al. (1991). The knowledge of the photometric and kinematic properties of the stellar component and the gas morphology is required. The structure of three elliptical galaxies, NGC 5989 (E0), NGC 1947 (E1), and NGC 1052 (E3), is analysed and permitted regions for intrinsic axial ratios and viewing angles are obtained. It is found that in two of the cases the kinematical misalignment is small or absent
F. A. Hayek, 1899-

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Aristocratic in temper and origins; physically, morally and intellectually fearless; clear and incisive in thought; the embodied principle itself of following the logic where it leads; the soul of scholarly generosity; Friedrich August Hayek is one of the outstanding sculptors of this age's thought. He was born on the 8 May 1899 into a family academically distinguished on both sides. At the University of Vienna he gained two doctorates, becoming Dr. jur. in 1921 and Dr. rer. pol. in 1923. From 1927 till 1931 he was Director of the Austrian Institute for Economic Research. In 1931 as visiting lecturer at the London School of Economics he gave the lectures which were published in that year as Prices and Production 1 and which gained for him, in those days of baffled debate about the causes of the great depression which had struck the industrialised world like a plague, his first sensational prominence. In that year he was appointed Tooke Professor of Economic Science and Statistics in the University of London. He held this Chair until, in 1950, he moved to Chicago. In 1962 he was appointed Professor of Economic Policy at the University of Freiburg, and in 1974 he was made honorary professor at the University of Salzburg. In 1944 he had been given an honorary Doctorate of Science by the University of London, and in that year also he was elected a Fellow of the British Academy.KeywordsOutput FunctionBanking SystemConsumable GoodFull EmploymentProductive ServiceThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Re-Creation of Tribals: Debt, Bonded Slavery and Bonded Prostitution in Mahasweta Devi’s Imaginary Maps

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Bonded labor or bonded slavery and bonded prostitution in India is a legacy left by British colonialism. Under this system, a person has to fall into servitude to whomever he or she has loaned money from with no means of repaying that debt. Mahasweta Devi has raised this social phenomenon in her writing, demonstrating that tribal people are those who have been victimized by this system. This study explores the issue of bonded slavery and bonded prostitution by analyzing two stories from Devi’s Imaginary Maps. This literary work depicts the plight of tribal communities as a result of the exploitation of their natural and human resources by colonizers and domestic capitalists. Those exploiters have alienated themselves from nature, considering themselves not to be part of nature but people who can use nature to increase their wealth. The depletion of nature leads to the victimization of the tribal communities. Through the lens of Postcolonial Ecocriticism, Imaginary Maps condemns the colonizers and domestic capitalists for destroying the tribes’ forests which serve as a motherly provider for their communities. This destruction forces communities to change their way of life. Money becomes a necessity and causes many tribal members to borrow money from moneylenders. Unable to repay the debt, they become bonded laborers and bonded prostitutes and are seriously exploited and abused. Imaginary Maps serves as a channel through which the tribal voice is heard, depicting the relationship between colonialism, neocolonialism, domestic capitalists, ecology and the tribal communities. From being free subjects, both nature and the tribes are re-created as bonded slaves.
<title>Towards optimal sensor morphology for specific tasks: evolution of an artificial compound eye for estimating time to contact</title>

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

For a systematic investigation of the interdependence between an agent's morphology and its task environment we constructed a system that is able to automatically generate optimal sensor morphologies for given tasks. The system consists of a robot with an artificial compound eye where the angular positions of the individual facets can be autonomously modified. This paper describes experiments on using artificial evolution to optimize the compound eye morphology for the task of estimating time to contact with obstacles. The resulting morphologies are in good agreement with the theoretically predicted optimal sensor density distribution for this task. By comparing our results with earlier experiments we find that our robot is able to evolve different optimal morphologies depending on the task required. Since the accuracy of our system proved to be good enough to easily distinguish qualitatively different optimal sensor morphologies we hope that also for more complex task environments it will allow us to identify the optimal sensor distribution with good precision.
Congenital parameatal cyst: A case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Parameatal urethral cyst is a benign congenital anomaly which occurs in newborn, children or even in adults. Most area symptomatic and rarely present with urinary complaints. We report a case of an asymptomatic male newborn with congenital parameatal cyst which was recognized just after birth. Complete excision of the cyst with total removal of the epithelium is required for treatment and for prevention of recurrence.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v3i2.11235Journal of Kathmandu Medical CollegeVol. 3, No. 2, Issue 8, Apr.-Jun., 2014Page: 92-93
The Use of a Visual Image to Promote Narrative Writing Ability and Creativity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Purpose : Second language writing as an inherent part of ELT is no exception. One specific part of second language writing in which visual images can be used is narrative essay writing. Visual images, in this case, comic series and pictures, can be a very useful aid in stimulating students’ ideas, creativity, as well as interest and ability in narrative essay writing. Students’ writing activities in using pictures and comic strips are discussed in this study, including students’ responses towards this particular topic, as well as the procedures of how these visual images are used. This study is therefore aimed at disclosing how pictures and comic strips, as forms of visual images, can be used to enhance students’ narrative writing ability as well as creativity. In writing narrative essays with the help of visual images, students were helped in terms of generating ideas, developing logical and critical thinking, and improving reasoning skills. Research Methods: The design of this study was qualitative in nature. The participants were comprised of 19 Professional Narrative Writing students. The data for this research was taken from documents, that is, students’ essays and journals which were written after the writing activities were done, interviews with two students, and students’ scores. There were also pre-tests and post-tests given at the beginning and the end of the semester, but the scores were descriptively presented. Interviews with two students were also conducted to validate the findings. These students, whose essays were used as analyzed documents, were enrolled in the Professional Narrative Writing class of the English Language Education Program, the Faculty of Language and Arts (FLA), Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana (UKSW), Salatiga, Indonesia. The class was conducted in Semester I of the 2017-2018 academic year. The students were fourth-semester students. The Professional Narrative Writing course taught students how to be professional in writing narratives. Findings: The findings showed that pictures, as well as comic strips, were very useful in helping students to write narratives. They helped students generate ideas, delve into more creativity, as well as develop their imagination and motivation in writing, though some students experienced difficulties in some aspects like ideas, grammar, diction, and plot. Implications for Research and Practice: The results of the study hopefully can inspire other narrative writing lecturers all over the globe to maximize the use of visual images, including pictures and comic strips. These visual aids can enhance students’ writing abilities as well as their creativity. Students taking writing courses can hopefully be motivated to write better narratives.
Cell Activation Mediated by Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored or Transmembrane Forms of CD14

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT CD14 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane glycoprotein which functions as a receptor on myeloid cells for ligands derived from microbial pathogens such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We have studied the importance of the GPI tail of CD14 in signalling with the promonocytic cell line THP-1 expressing recombinant CD14 in a GPI-anchored form (THP1-wtCD14 cells) or in a transmembrane form (THP1-tmCD14). We found that, like other GPI-anchored molecules, GPI-anchored CD14 was recovered mainly from a Triton X-100-insoluble fraction, whereas transmembrane CD14 was fully soluble in Triton X-100. LPS induced cell activation of THP1-wtCD14 and of THP1-tmCD14 (protein tyrosine kinase phosphorylation, NF-κB activation, and cytokine production) in a very similar manner. However, anti-CD14 antibody-induced cross-linking caused a rapid calcium mobilization signal only in GPI-anchored CD14 cells. Studies with pharmacologic inhibitors of intracellular signalling events implicate phospholipase C and protein tyrosine kinases in the genesis of this antibody-induced calcium signal. Our results suggest that GPI anchoring and CD14 targeting to glycolipid-rich membrane microdomains are not required for LPS-mediated myeloid cell activation. GPI anchoring may however be important for other signalling functions, such as those events reflected by antibody cross-linking.
A Study on an Assistance by Mobile Robots Using Deep Reinforcement Learning in Preventing the Elderly from Falling

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

According to the statistics data of Tokyo Fire Department, the fall accidents are increasing among the elderly. The main factor, 80.9% of those accidents, is fall. Particularly, slip-induced fall gives fatal harm to the elderly. In order to reduce fall risks for the elderly, we build a human-robot co-existing system that robots assist the elderly to prevent from falling. In our study, we propose a nursing system for the elderly that decides and performs a policy of fall risk reduction by a mobile robot with deep reinforcement learning. In this paper, we present an example of simulation that a mobile robot performs risk reduction measures while the patients stay in the medical and nursing care facilities. Furthermore, we show a variety of dangerous scenes and reducing risks. The results suggest that the deep reinforcement learning based robots well judge and control without prior knowledge. From the viewpoint of the configuration, our method is applicable to other facilities, to other accidental risk reduction, and it can be implemented to the fixed-mounted nursing system.
Comment on ‘Approximate ∗-derivations and approximate quadratic ∗-derivations on "Equation missing" -algebras’ [Jang, Park, J. Inequal. Appl. 2011 (2011), Article ID 55]

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In (J. Inequal. Appl. 2011:Article ID 55, Section 4, 2011), Jang and Park proved the Hyers-Ulam stability of quadratic ∗-derivations on Banach ∗-algebras. One can easily show that all the quadratic ∗-derivations δ in Section 4 must be trivial. So the results are trivial. In this paper, we correct the statements and prove the corrected results. MSC: 39B52, 47B47, 39B72.
Use of carbon dioxide in underground natural gas storage processes

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Používanie CO2 pri procesoch uskladövania plynu v podzemí The possibility of use of carbon dioxide in gas storage processes is presented. The model of mixing process between CO2 and methane in porous media is given. The process of injection of carbon dioxide into a lower part of storage near the water –gas contact is modeled. The example of changes in the mixing zone is presented and discussed. Key words: carbon dioxide, gas storage processes, porous media, near the water
New records of two pyrophilous ascomycetes from Siberia: Pyropyxis rubra and Rhodotarzetta rosea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The paper reports the first findings of Pyropyxis rubra and Rhodotarzetta rosea from Asian Russia (West Siberia). The ecological conditions, i.e. vegetation, substrates and phenology of both species are described and compared with earlier publications. Also the morphological characteristics are described and depicted by photographic images and the differences between these quite similar species are highlighted. P. rubra has been cultivated in vitro. The paper provides descriptions of the anamorphic stage and culture growth on different media
Diálogos entre antropologia do direito e performance

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This text’s title is the same as the Panel that provided, in the end of 2021, a reunion between these four researchers and the remembrance of an important point of convergence in their trajectories: the Anthropology, Performance and Drama Nucleus at the University of São Paulo (NAPEDRA-USP). In this article, Ana Letícia de Fiori points out the interfaces between crimes and dangers attributed to games. Bruna Angotti narrates the power of a performance-seminar for the development of her doctorate. Jânia Perla Diógenes de Aquino recovers anthropological-performance analyzes of major bank robberies and Ana Lúcia Pastore Schritzmeyer tells how parts of NAPEDRA’s history and some of her researches in anthropology of law intermeshed and fed back each other.