jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE YOGURT BEING INCUBATED IN GREEN COCONUT SHELL (Cocos nucifera L. var. viridis Hassk)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study aims to identify characteristics of the yogurt being incubated in green coconut shell (Cocos nucifera L. var. viridis Hassk). It was conducted in March 2020 at the Laboratory of Animal Product Technology and Mic- robiology Faculty of Animal Science, Udayana University. This studies used a Complete Random Design (CDR) with three treatments and five replications. The three treatments were incubated in a jar container (control) (P0), incubated in green coconut shell nonflesh (P1) and incubated in green coconut shell with flesh (P2). The variables observed were lactoce level, fat level, protein level and pH value. The results of this study have shown that yogurt’s characteristic indicated lactose and protein levels was not significantly different (P>0,05) in all treatments, but P2 fat levels was higher significantly (P<0,05) different than P1 and P0. pH values was not significantly different (P>0,05) with P1 and significantly different (P<0,05) with P0. Conclusing in this study that the characteristics of yogurt incubated in green coconut shell getting good results at lactose level 2,32,42%; fat level 10,60-12,50%; pro- tein level 4,80-4,90%; and value pH 4,14-4,24%.
Polyurethane Adhesive Nanocomposites as Gas Permeation Barrier

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Adhesive nanocomposites of organically modified montmorillonite (OM) and polyurethane have been synthesized and their permeability to oxygen and water vapor has been measured. The gas permeation through the composites was correlated to the volume fraction of the impermeable inorganic part of the OM. The incorporation of small volume fractions of the platelike nanoparticles in the polymer matrix decreased the gas transmission rate, when the interface between the two heterogeneous phases was properly designed. The oxygen transmission rate decayed asymptotically with increasing aluminosilicate volume fraction and a 30% reduction was achieved at 3 vol %, when the clay was coated with bis(2-hydroxyethyl) hydrogenated tallow ammonium or alkylbenzyldimethylammonium ions. In contrast, coating the clay surface with dimethyl dihydrogenated tallow ammonium ions leads to an increase in the gas transmission rate with augmenting inorganic fraction. This was attributed to a probable change in morphology resulting from phase separation at the interface between the apolar pure hydrocarbon clay coating and the relatively polar PU. The water vapor permeation through the PU nanocomposites was more strongly reduced than oxygen and a 50% reduction was observed at 3 vol % silicate fraction. This was attributed to stronger interactions and hydrogen bonding of the water molecules with the PU matrix as well as to their clustering. Differences in the hydrophobicity of the clay coating influenced the water transmission rate. No spectroscopic evidence could be obtained for a reaction between the hydroxyl groups of the clay organic coating and the isocyanate groups of the prepolymer. A mixed morphology, that is, exfoliated layers and intercalated particles was observed in all composites. WAXRD and TEM gave a qualitative picture of the microstructure of the nanocomposites but no conclusive information. Some of the problems to be solved before a correlation between the nanocomposite properties and their microstructure can be established have been outlined.
DENOTATION AND CONNOTATION ON ‘PATHETIC FAIRY TALE BY SAPTARASA

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Lyrics of songs are almost similar to poetry, which distinguishes them from song lyrics that do not require deep diction to refer to majas or symbols. Therefore, many song lyrics revolve around the meaning of denotations and connotations. This happened in Saptarasa's Pathetic Fairy Tales song lyrics. This study aims to describe the meaning of denotation and connotation of research data sources, namely Saptarasa's Pathetic Fairy Tales song lyrics. The denotative in this work tells the story of the search for love and also the way of approach. The meaning of the connotation in this work tells us that ‘I’ lyrics cannot reach ‘angel’ and only see it.
Visualizing structural dynamics: from small molecules to membrane proteins

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

To fully understand the mechanism of a chemical reaction, it is important to characterize the rapid structural dynamics of transient chemical species as the reaction propagates. Since chemical processes are heavily influenced by the solvent in which they occur, the interaction with the surrounding solution also needs to be elucidated. The emerging technique of time-resolved X-ray scattering provides a way to directly visualize these structural dynamics in solution.The chemical reactions studied in this work were all initiated by means of photo-activation. Before mapping the structural events of a propagating chemical reaction in solution, the structural dynamics of the solvent itself was characterized. Indeed, the thermal expansion of neat CH2Cl2 was captured at high time resolution and showed excellent agreement with the theoretical framework.Solvent-dependent effects were assessed for a transient structural intermediate, specifically the structural isomer CH2I-I. Following the photo-dissociation of CH2I2, the transient intermediate was shown to display slightly different geometries in non-polar and polar solvents. The lifetime of this transient species was also shown to be strongly dependent on the polarity of the solvent. Moreover, this study proved the methodology of time-resolved X-ray scattering to be powerful enough for resolving subtle solvent-dependent structural perturbations.To extend the technique of time-resolved X-ray scattering from visualizing simple structural dynamics in solution to incorporate complex biological systems, a virtual experiment was performed by means of molecular dynamics simulations. It was shown that artificially introduced heavy atoms could aid the visualisation of local structural rearrangements of the halide ion pump, halorhodopsin. Furthermore, as the large conformational changes of the protein could, in principle, be resolved, the relative timing of substrate translocation could be measured in such an experiment.Finally, the structural dynamics of two membrane proton pumps, bacteriorhodopsin and proteorhodopsin, were recorded using time-resolved X-ray scattering. It was found that significant α-helical rearrangements occurred already within 2 μs and that deprotonation of the Schiff base in bacteriorhodopsin preceded the transition to the late structural changes, characterized by significantly larger movements. Instead of being divided in an extracellular and a cytoplasmic movement, the structural rearrangements throughout the bacteriorhodopsin photocycle proved to follow the same basic motion. Moreover, the photocycle of proteorhodopsin was shown to be dynamically related to that of bacteriorhodopsin.
RESEARCH PAPER Evaluation of digestive tolerance of a soluble corn fibre

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: To assess consumers' acceptance of a new fibre, it is essential to evaluate its digestive tolerance after ingestion. We aimed to determine the tol- erance of increasing dosages of PromitorSoluble Gluco Fibre (SGF; Tate& Lyle, Hoffman Estates, IL, USA) up to 70 g fibre per day using a validated gastrointestinal composite score. Methods: A composite score of gastrointestinal tolerance integrating gastroin- testinal symptoms, stool frequency and consistency was applied. To statistically validate this composite score, the gastrointestinal tolerance of inulin (10 g ver- sus 20 g containing, respectively, 9 g versus 18 g of fibre) was assessed in 18 healthy volunteers in a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study. Second, in a double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study with 20 healthy volunteers, the gastrointestinal tolerance of SGF in both acute and 'spread over the day' conditions of consumption was assessed. Results: By contrast to 10 g, 20 g of inulin demonstrated a significant difference in composite score compared to placebo (P < 0.001, difference = 7.6; 95% confi- dence interval (CI) = 3.8-11.3). These values were considered as reference during the second study. In acute conditions, 40 g of SGF fibre was the highest (thresh- old) dose tested that indicates the digestive tolerance criteria (difference from pla- cebo on the composite score <7.6 and upper limit of the 95% CI <11.3); this is twice the amount tolerated for inulin. In 'spread over the day' conditions, 65 g of SGF fibre was the threshold dose (P < 0.001, difference = 6.5; 95% CI = 3.4-9.5). Conclusions: The results of the present study demonstrate that 40 g of SGF fibre, when consumed as a single dose, and 65 g of SGF fibre, when consumed in multiple-doses, across the day are well-tolerated by healthy volunteers.
Development of semiconductor detectors for fast neutron radiography.

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A high-energy neutron detector has been developed using a semiconductor diode fabricated from bulk gallium arsenide wafers with a polyethylene neutron converter layer. Typical thickness of the diode layer is 250 to 300 μm with bias voltages of 30 to 150 volts. Converter thicknesses up to 2030 μm have been tested. GaAs neutron detectors offer many advantages over existing detectors including positional information, directional dependence, gamma discrimination, radiation hardness, and spectral tailoring. Polyethylene-coated detectors have been shown to detect 14 MeV neutrons directly from a D-T neutron generator without interference from gamma rays or scattered neutrons. An array of small diode detectors can be assembled to perform fast neutron radiography with direct digital readout and real-time display of the image produced. In addition, because the detectors are insensitive to gamma rays and low energy neutrons, highly radioactive samples (such as spent nuclear fuel or transuranic waste drums) could be radiographed.
Curcumin Nanodiscs Improve Solubility and Serve as Radiological Protectants against Ionizing Radiation Exposures in a Cell-Cycle Dependent Manner

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Curcumin, a natural polyphenol derived from the spice turmeric (Curcuma longa), contains antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. However, curcumin bioavailability is inherently low due to poor water solubility and rapid metabolism. Here, we further refined for use curcumin incorporated into “biomimetic” nanolipoprotein particles (cNLPs) consisting of a phospholipid bilayer surrounded by apolipoprotein A1 and amphipathic polymer scaffolding moieties. Our cNLP formulation improves the water solubility of curcumin over 30-fold and produces nanoparticles with ~350 µg/mL total loading capacity for downstream in vitro and in vivo applications. We found that cNLPs were well tolerated in AG05965/MRC-5 human primary lung fibroblasts compared to cultures treated with curcumin solubilized in DMSO (curDMSO). Pre-treatment with cNLPs of quiescent G0/G1-phase MRC-5 cultures improved cell survival following 137Cs gamma ray irradiations, although this finding was reversed in asynchronously cycling log-phase cell cultures. These findings may be useful for establishing cNLPs as a method to improve curcumin bioavailability for administration as a radioprotective and/or radiomitigative agent against ionizing radiation (IR) exposures in non-cycling cells or as a radiosensitizing agent for actively dividing cell populations, such as tumors.
MUSICAL ABILITIES DEVELOPMENT: WHEN TO START MUSIC EDUCATION?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Musical abilities are among the primary conditions for success in the field of music. It has been proven that musical abilities already begin to develop in the prenatal period and that different types of abilities have a specific developmental path. Therefore, it is necessary to remember the critical periods for learning music, i.e., time frames within which musical experiences have particular importance. In addition to the informal musical experiences gained in the preschool period, formal music education is undoubtedly one of the best ways to develop musical abilities. The paper discusses the specifics of the music education system in Serbia, more precisely, the age of students that can enroll in programs for various instruments or solo singing. The data presented in the paper points to the conclusion that students that enroll in primary music education at the age of 7 or 8 (which coincides with the most crucial period for learning music) will have better prospects for the timely development of musical abilities when compared to children who begin musical training later. However, it should be held in mind that musical abilities develop even before the start of formal musical training, so efforts should be made to provide children with diverse and valuable musical experiences in the preschool period.
Review on the ethnomedicinal and nutritional value of some wild edible plants used by the tribal of Koraput District of Odisha, India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Due to its abundance of plant genetic resources, Odisha is often called a genetic refuge. However, the south Odisha tribal regions, despite their abundance of natural resources, have received scant ethnobotanical research. Human cultural diversity in Koraput is well-known, and the area is also a biodiversity hotspot for several food crops and forest species. The purpose of this study is to consolidate all available information on the ethnomedical uses of wild plants by indigenous peoples in the Koraput district. The reviewed nutritional analysis studies show that numerous species have high nutrient content, some of which are superior to some domesticated varieties. Wild edible plants are used as indigenous food and remarkably improve the nutritional security of several tribal people of Koraput. However, systematic study on the nutritional potential of these wild edible plants is meager. The present study evaluated the Carbohydrate, Fat, Protein, and Fiber content in selected wild edible plants of Koraput. Research shows that several species of tubers are in danger of extinction and hence included on the IUCN Red List of Threatened and Endangered Species. For this reason, the optimal use of this biodiversity is to meet the inhabitant's present and future food. The medicinal needs depend on extensive phytochemical inquiry, safe conservation, and sustainable use of wild tuber, all require strong community participation, which also fulfills the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 2 and 3, i.e., zero hunger and good health and well-being.
Musielak–Orlicz–Bochner function spaces which are uniformly noncreasy

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this paper, the criteria for uniform noncreasiness of Musielak–Orlicz–Bochner function spaces are given. Moreover authors also prove that the space (resp ) is uniformly noncreasy if and only if the space (resp ) is uniformly convex or uniformly smooth. As a corollary, the criteria for uniform noncreasiness of Musielak–Orlicz function spaces are given.
The Use of Oral Antibiotics After Total Joint Arthroplasty

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

» There is conflicting and insufficient evidence that extended oral antibiotic (EOA) therapy prevents infection in high-risk patients undergoing primary total joint arthroplasty (TJA), limiting recommendation for or against the practice. » In the case of aseptic revision TJA, the evidence is also conflicting and limited by underlying confounders, preventing recommendation for use of EOA. » There is fair evidence that use of EOA after debridement antibiotic therapy and implant retention of the prosthesis prolongs infection-free survival, but randomized controlled trials are needed. On the other hand, there is strong evidence that patients undergoing 2-stage revision should receive a period of suppressive oral antibiotics after the second stage. » The optimal duration of EOA in primary TJA, aseptic revision, and debridement antibiotic therapy and implant retention of the prosthesis is unknown. However, there is strong evidence that 3 months of EOA suppression may be appropriate after reimplantation as part of 2-stage exchange arthroplasty. » Complications secondary to EOA are reported to be between 0% and 13.7%, yet are inconsistently reported and poorly defined. The risks associated with antibiotic use, including development of antimicrobial resistance, must be weighed against a possible decrease in infection rate.
New Aerodynamic Studies of an Adaptive Winglet Application on the Regional Jet CRJ700

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study aims to evaluates how an adaptive winglet during flight can improve aircraft aerodynamic characteristics of the CRJ700. The aircraft geometry was slightly modified to integrate a one-rotation axis adaptive winglet. Aerodynamic characteristics of the new adaptive design were computed using a validated high-fidelity aerodynamic model developed with the open-source code OpenFoam. The aerodynamic model successively uses the two solvers simpleFoam and rhoSimpleFoam based on Reynold Averaged Navier Stokes equations. Characteristics of the adaptive winglet design were studied for 16 flight conditions, representative of climb and cruise usually considered by the CRJ700. The adaptive winglet can increase the lift-to-drag ratio by up to 6.10% and reduce the drag coefficient by up to 2.65%. This study also compared the aerodynamic polar and pitching moment coefficients variations of the Bombardier CRJ700 equipped with an adaptive versus a fixed winglet.
Expression of transforming growth factor β_1 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 in lens epithelial cells of streptozotocin-diabetic rats

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in lens epithelial cells(LECs) of streptozotocin-diabetic rats,and study the effects of TGF-β1 and MMP-9 on rats with diabetic cataract.Methods Sixty SD rats which were 8-week-old were randomly divided into experimental and control groups.Rats of experimental group were induced diabetic cataract for intraperitoneal injection of 20 g·L-1 streptozotocin (55 mg·kg-1 in 0.1 mol·L-1 sodium citrate buffer).Lens were examined using a slit lamp once a week.Immunohistochemical streptavidin-peroxidases method was used to detect the expression of MMP-9 and TGF-β1 in experimental and control lens at the end of 2 weeks,4 weeks and 8 weeks.Results The lens of control group were always completely transparent throughout the period of experiment,and the lens of experimental group became opaque gradually.The expression of MMP-9,TGF-β1 of experimental LECs were significantly higher than that of control LECs(P0.05);During the progress of cataract,the expression of MMP-9,TGF-β1 gradually increased(P0.05).The expression of MMP-9 was positively correlated with that of TGF-β1(r=0.937,P0.01).Conclusion The expression of MMP-9,TGF-β1 may play a critical role during the development of diabetic cataract.
Studies on extraction process of nucleosides for radix isatidis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective:To optimize the extraction process for radix isatidis. Methods:The process was studied by orthogonal design with the total content of guanosine,uridine,and adenosine as the detective markers. Results:The optimized extraction condition was obtained. The crude material was extracted 3 times with 6 times volume of water for 1 h. The extraction rate of the three nucleosides was 90.02% in the process above. Conclusion:The high extraction rate of nucleosides was obtained with high stability and reproducibility.
Expanding the Vision of the Social Constructionist Debates: Creating Relevance for Practitioners

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The term social constructionism has been associated with the research debates among academic social workers. Recently Atherton offered an analysis of the research debates in an attempt to communicate the significance of these debates to social work practitioners. He argued that these debates are tearing the profession apart. A major limitation of Atherton's analysis is that it failed to provide relevance for practitioners by making connections between underlying themes of the debates and important parallel developments within clinical practice fields. The author offers a different interpretation of the research debates, viewing them as a metadebate about science and social science methods. Drawing distinctions between social constructionism and constructivism expands Atherton's discussion, defining their relationship to both research and practice. Examples from practice models are used to illustrate how constructionism and constructivism are significant concepts and are being used across disciplines as metatheories for practice.
Cross sectional study of prevalence of LPRD at tertiary care hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Reflux means return or regurgitation of fluid. When symptoms arise due to reflux of stomach contents into the pharynx and larynx it is termed as laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD). GERD and LPRD are two different entities and the management principle of GERD doesn’t apply to LPRD. We designed a cross sectional study to evaluate the prevalence of laryngopharyngeal reflux among the patients visiting the ENT outpatient department over a duration of one year.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Patients presenting with throat and voice symptoms for more than a month were included in the study. The reflux symptom index (RSI) put forward by Belafsky et al was used to assess the symptoms of reflux. A diagnosis of reflux was made if the patient had an RSI score &gt;13. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 2669 patients included in study period, out of which 1316 (49.3%) were males and 1353 (50.7%) were females. Out of the 2669, 1938 (72.6%) patients were found to have a RSI of &gt;13. Out of the 1938 patients subjected to 70 laryngoscopy 1842 patients (95%) were found to have a RFS &gt;7. Of the 1842 patients with RFS &gt;7, 1234 were males (67%) and 608 were females (33%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In a developing country like India, where resources and man power are limited, symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux might often be overlooked. The diagnosis and treatment protocol for LPRD needs to be standardized through more long term studies in the manner it has been done for GERD.</p>