jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
CADAVERINE AND PUTRESCINE LEVELS IN HUMAN BRAIN TISSUE FOR POSTMORTEM INTERVAL ESTIMATION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Estimation of the postmortem interval (PMI) is a pivotal task in forensic investigations.Methods that relied on PM biochemical alteration of the compounds such as cadaverine (Cad), and putrescine (Put) can provide more accurate data about the exact PMI.Aim: To investigate the correlation between Cad and Put levels in human brain tissue, measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the PMI, to see if they can be used as reliable indicators for PMI estimation.Methodology: Brain specimens were taken during the autopsy of three male victims who died from stab wounds.The autopsy was done within three hours after death (the moment of death was known).The fifteen brain specimens (five from each victim's brain, according to a fixed schedule to simulate progressive postmortem intervals) were prepared for injection into the GC-MS, and the levels of Cad and Put in the brain tissue specimens were measured.Results: Both Cad and Put levels increased in the brain tissue samples if the PMI increased.There was a statistically highly significant (p <0.0001) linear correlation between both Cad and Put levels and the PMI.The present study designed equations for estimating the PMI based on the determined Cad and Put levels in brain tissues [Cad level = (0.03 + 8.33E-3*timing); Put level = (0.09 + 0.03*timing)].Conclusion: Both Cad and Put are considered valuable biomarkers for estimating the PMI, however, put as a biomarker of PMI is more accurate than Cad, as 99.5% of the variability of Put levels was due to the progressive timing of sampling, compared to that of Cad, which was only 75.2%.
Protective Effects of Imeglimin and Metformin Combination Therapy on β-Cells in db/db Male Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Imeglimin and metformin act in metabolic organs, including β-cells, via different mechanisms. In the present study, we investigated the impacts of imeglimin, metformin, or their combination (Imeg + Met) on β-cells, the liver, and adipose tissues in db/db mice. Imeglimin, metformin, or Imeg + Met treatment had no significant effects on glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, respiratory exchange ratio, or locomotor activity in db/db mice. The responsiveness of insulin secretion to glucose was recovered by Imeg + Met treatment. Furthermore, Imeg + Met treatment increased β-cell mass by enhancing β-cell proliferation and ameliorating β-cell apoptosis in db/db mice. Hepatic steatosis, the morphology of adipocytes, adiposity assessed by computed tomography, and the expression of genes related to glucose or lipid metabolism and inflammation in the liver and fat tissues showed no notable differences in db/db mice. Global gene expression analysis of isolated islets indicated that the genes related to regulation of cell population proliferation and negative regulation of cell death were enriched by Imeg + Met treatment in db/db islets. In vitro culture experiments confirmed the protective effects of Imeg + Met against β-cell apoptosis. The expression of Snai1, Tnfrsf18, Pdcd1, Mmp9, Ccr7, Egr3, and Cxcl12, some of which have been linked to apoptosis, in db/db islets was attenuated by Imeg + Met. Treatment of a β-cell line with Imeg + Met prevented apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide or palmitate. Thus, the combination of imeglimin and metformin is beneficial for the maintenance of β-cell mass in db/db mice, probably through direct action on β-cells, suggesting a potential strategy for protecting β-cells in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Icariin alleviates MSU‐induced rat GA models through NF‐κB/NALP3 pathway

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Icariin (ICA) has anti‐inflammatory effects in some diseases, but its role in gouty arthritis (GA) is not clear. This study investigated the effects of ICA in monosodium urate (MSU)‐induced GA rat models. GA rat models were induced by MSU, and co‐treated with ICA of low‐dose (20 mg/kg), medium‐dose (40 mg/kg), and high‐dose (80 mg/kg), respectively. The ankle swelling rates, haematoxylin‐eosin (HE) staining changes, inflammatory factors (interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α)) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE 2 ) levels in synovial tissues were detected. The antioxidants levels in rat serum, and NF‐κB pathway‐related proteins and NALP3 inflammasome expressions in synovial tissues were also analysed. In cell experiments, chondrocytes were co‐treated with different concentrations of ICA (1, 5, 10 μmol/L) on the basis of MSU. The activities and inflammatory cytokines, hydroxyproline (Hyp) and glycosaminogly (GAG) expressions in chondrocytes were measured. In rat experiments, MUS increased the ankle swelling rates, promoted inflammatory cells infiltration, and increased IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, PGE 2 levels in synovial tissues, which were all alleviated by ICA. Moreover, ICA also suppressed nuclear translocation of NF‐κB pathway‐related proteins and reduced the expression of NALP3 inflammasome in rat models. As for cell experiments, ICA decreased the activity, inflammatory cytokines and GAG levels, and suppressed nuclear translocation of NF‐κB pathway‐related proteins of MSU‐treated chondrocytes. In general, medium and high concentrations of ICA showed good effects. ICA has an inhibitory effect in MSU‐induced rat GA models through NF‐κB/NALP3 pathway, which may provide a direction for the treatment of GA. Significance Icariin (ICA) has anti‐inflammatory effects in some diseases, but its role in gouty arthritis (GA) is not clear. This study excogitated that monosodium urate (MSU) increased the ankle swelling rates of rats, promoted inflammatory cells infiltration, and increased cytokines levels in synovial tissues, which were all alleviated by ICA. In related mechanism, we found that ICA might exert the catabatic functions through the NF‐κB/NALP3 pathway. The findings of this study clarified that ICA may provide a direction for the treatment of patients with GA and illustrated the relevant underlying mechanism of its role.
Lithium carbonate and tetracycline interaction.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

better to an intravenous regimen.We can only record, anecdotally, that he showed a complete recovery without neurological deficit.We have not obtained significant blood pressure reduction over two hours in severe hypertension with 80 mg propranolol or 100 mg atenolol by mouth, and bradycardia may be troublesome with these drugs.Further details from Dr Good of the dose, drugs, rate of blood pressure fall, and cardio- vascular effects of oral beta-blockade would provide valuable comparison with our data.
The Effects of Extreme Temperature on Madagascar Hissing Cockroaches' Metabolic Rate

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The purpose of the experiment was to show the effect of ambient temperature on the metabolic rate of ectotherms, specifically Madagascar hissing cockroaches. After choosing the cockroaches we placed them into a respiration chamber at room temperature, in an ice bath, and on a heating pad for five minutes. We were then able to measure the CO2 output of the cockroaches. We hypothesized that as the ambient temperature increase, the carbon dioxide output would increase as well. Our results did not support our hypothesis, instead it showed that as the temperature increased so did the CO2 output, yet as the temperature decreased the CO2 output increased. Although this is not what we expected we found that there are varying factors that play into the metabolic rate of the cockroaches.
Screening of HO-1 gene silencing stable transfection cell lines of gastric cancer cell line SGC7901

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective: To construct siRNA expression vector of HO-1 which carry green fluorescent protein gene,and to transfect the vector into gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 to screen positive clones.Methods: According to our previous work,we constructed a recombinant plasmid.The new vector carrying green fluorescent gene could be used for screening positive clones.Then we transfected siRNA vector into SGC7901 cells,screened HO-1 gene silencing stable transfected cell lines using G418 for positive screening.Results: By restriction endonuclease and sequencing,eukaryotic expression plasmid were proved to be successfully constructed.Through G418 screening,HO-1 gene silencing stable transfection cell lines was got,the HO-1 level of the cell lines was less than that of the untransfected cell lines.Conclusion: The expression vector have been successfully constructed.HO-1 gene silencing stable transfection cell lines of gastric cancer is got successfully.Our results may provide some ideas for the gene therapy in gastric cancer in future.
Dosing of Enoxaparin in Renal Impairment.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This paper highlights the differences in the pharmacokinetic properties and safety and efficacy outcomes in multiple degrees of renal impairment when using treatment-dose enoxaparin. Given the literature highlighted in this review, a more multitiered enoxaparin renal dosing strategy-perhaps shifting from the current two-tier approach to at least three or four tiers-should be considered.
Passport System Campaign in the Closed Cities of Kuzbass in 1933

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In 1933, Kuzbass entered the national passport system project to become one of its leaders in Western Siberia. Modernization proceeded here at an accelerated rate and had a pronounced industrial character. The article describes the passport system campaign in the so-called closed cities of Kuzbass in 1933. The list included young industrial centres of all-union significance, e.g., Stalinsk, Prokopievsk, Leninsk-Kuznetsk, and AnzheroSudzhensk. On the one hand, the passport system was a national project; on the other hand, it was a mobilization and repressive campaign. The author identified the features of the nationwide policy in the field of registration and passportization and characterized its dynamics in Siberia in 1932–1940. The essence of the passport regime and its structural elements, including passport restrictions, was defined by correlating the statuses of passported and non-passported communities. The analysis of the regional passport system policy revealed the mechanism of introducing a nationwide system of administrative registration, bureaucracy practices, and repressive measures in a region with a rapid migration and urbanization. A set of archival materials on militia activities made it possible to describe the goals and mechanisms of introducing of the passport system, as well as to identify its regional specifics, quantitative parameters, and public response. The documents were obtained from the State Archive of the Novosibirsk Region, collection of the West Siberian Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). In 1933, the passported population was 214,000 people; more than 27,000 people left the cities; 4,189 people were deported.
92 Strict – simulated tricky trips; a simulation based transfer course

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background There are an estimated 11,000 transfers that occur throughout the UK per year. 1 These are costly and dangerous and result in a three day increase in length of stay for critically unwell patients. 2 Due to the centralization of services and increase of tertiary centres these transfers are becoming more common. The original didactic “Tricky Trips course”, initiated by SECCCN, required improvements based on candidate feedback. Due to significant variation in delivery and dwindling faculty numbers, the course needed modernising. There are well defined guidelines for transfer by the AAGBI and the ICS. With the development of a specialised simulation ambulance, an opportunity arose to develop a inter-professional simulation based transfer course. Description of innovation The course format involves: Pre-course reading material Introductory workshop Faculty demonstration In course MCQ paper Simulated scenario based sessions “Problems on transfer” discussion session Candidates are assigned to inter-professional groups involving doctors, ODPs and nurses. Example simulated scenarios include: Packaging of the time-critical head injury CT Scan Level 3 Intra-hospital transfer Inter-hospital transfer including simulation ambulance drive Each session concludes with a faculty facilitated debrief session on technical and human factors aspects of transfers. Outcomes Feedback has been excellent with 100% of candidates recommending this course. Feedback praise has been positive for scenario design, realism and organisation of the course. The course has attracted a HEKSS funding bid for development and is awaiting formal endorsement from the ICS. Take home messages The STricT course has developed a standardised, curriculum mapped, interprofessional, simulated transfer training course. Giving candidates hands-on transfer and road ambulance training, learning outcomes are successfully achieved, producing more confident transfer teams. Developments for the future: Expanding scenario and MCQ bank Creating demonstration videos Offering the course package to other providers Reference The Intensive Care Society (3rd Edition 2011). Guidelines for the Transport for the Critically Ill Adult 2 NW Knudsen et al . Impact of Interhospital Intensive Care Unit Transfers. Critical Care 2001; 5 (Suppl 1);173. ICS - Intensive Care Society SECCCN - South East Coast Critical Care Network AAGBI - Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland
Genetic linkage of the cytolytic T lymphocyte repertoire and immunoglobulin heavy chain genes.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The specificity repertoire of H-2Kb-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) has been examined in B10.D2,BALB/c, and the allotype congenic line CB-20. Comparing their expression of recurrent specificities that serve as markers for the repertoire of each strain indicates that the CTL repertoire of B10.D2 (Ighb) and BALB/c (Igha) differ extensively. In contrast, the repertoires expressed by B10.D2 and CB-20 (Ighb) are essentially identical with respect to their expression of the same recurrent specificities. Taken together with results previously obtained, it is concluded that both major histocompatibility complex and Igh-linked genes affect the CTL specificity repertoire.
Translating traces: Deconstruction and the practice of translation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this article I attempt to show that deconstruction and its practices should not be read as intimations towards plurality or relativism in translation, but should rather be utilised as a powerful analytical tool, a way of reading and writing with heightened awareness. In order to arrive at this conclusion, I discuss différance and the play of the trace in the context of the cont(r)act between two texts that are in a relationship of translation. I further argue that plurality as contained in Derrida’s différance is not a directive, but that the translator has to be aware of the existence of plurality and to take into account that the reader also participates in and contributes to this plurality. The key to an application of Derrida’s theory is shown to be situated in the process rather than in the product of translation, and this process has to move beyond a hierarchical opposition of “original” and translation. I conclude that différance becomes not an obstacle or barrier to translation, but specifically that which, in making something untranslatable, creates the need for translation.
Spiritual Knowledge and the Military Landscape: The !Kun Soldiers of Namibia and Angola

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article examines spiritual knowledge derived from military landscapes. The paper draws on the ways in which the !Kun (also called ‘San’ or ‘Bushmen’) soldiers during the so-called Cold War in Namibia and Angola experienced the landscape in which they operated. The article asserts that in the context of war, spirituality is a human experience where spiritual knowledge can be discovered in military landscapes. The author found that spiritual practice is an important part of a soldier’s knowledge, used to understand the complexity and uncertainty of their situation. The author demonstrates how the spirituality of soldiers can enhance their ability to develop a situational awareness. The article relied on lived experiences of the author when participating with !Kun soldiers in military operations as young military commander, as well as critical reflection on available data on how the spirituality of !Kun soldiers enabled them to understand their military landscape.
Implementation and Performance Evaluation of nanoMAC: A Low-Power MAC Solution for High Density Wireless Sensor Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes the implementation architecture and performance analysis of nanoMAC, a CSMA/CA based medium access control protocol, which is specifically designed for high density wireless sensor networks. We empirically show that nanoMAC performs with high reliability in a variety of network traffic conditions in single and multihop scenarios. For energy efficient operation and minimizing idle-overhearing, nanoMAC uses a specialized sleep algorithmWe also show results from a comparative study of nanoMAC with B-MAC in terms of performance measures.
Peer Review #2 of "Detection-confirmation-standardization-quantification: a novel method for the quantitative analysis of active components in traditional Chinese medicines (v0.1)"

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Background.Quantitative analysis of the active ingredients of Traditional Chinese Medicine is a research tendency.The objective of this study was to build a novel method, namely, Detection-confirmationstandardization-quantification (DCSQ) for the quantitative analysis of active components in traditional Chinese medicines, without individual reference standard.Methods.Danshen (the dried root of Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza) was used as the matrix.The "extraction" function in high-performance liquid chromatography-mass (HPLC-MS) instrument was used to find the peaks corresponding to cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I, and tanshinone IIA in the total ion current (TIC) chromatogram of Danshen.The multicomponent reference standard (MCRS) containing the three tanshinones mainly was prepared by preparative HPLC.The contents of them in the resulting MCRS were determined by NMR; moreover, the constituents of the MCRS were confirmed.The MCRS containing known content of the three tanshinones was used as the reference standard for the quantitative analysis of cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I, and tanshinone IIA in Danshen Samples by analytical HPLC.Results.Establishing the optimized HPLC conditions for the quantitative analysis of the active components in Danshen.And the assignments of the extracted peaks were confirmed by analyzing the characteristic fragments in their MS/MS product ion spectra and UV spectra.Then the MCRS containing the three tanshinones was prepared successfully.The results of determination about contents by NMR showed linearity fitted with high likelihood and calibration curves possessed high linearity.The results of determination on Danshen Samples obtained through DCSQ exhibited minimal deviations, in contrast to those obtained through individual reference standards.Conclusion.The establishing DCSQ is independent and convenient for the quantitative analysis of the active components in TCMs by MCRS, without individual reference standard.This method is a great advance in quantitative analysis for complex composition, especially TCMs.
El Tucho - Diseños, GLO No. 259, Monterey County, and associated historical documents

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Diseños - Hand-drawn Spanish-Mexican map demonstrating the physical boundaries of land granted to Mexican citizens by the Spanish or Mexican.\nWork Progress Administration Abstract (WPA Abstract) – A summary document prepared in 1938 under the Work Progress Administration program detailing the history of a rancho beginning with the Spanish-American land through the U.S. patenting process.\nHoffman Notes -- Summary of information concerning claims made for the Rancho lands from the Appendix listing Table of Land Claims in the Reports of Land Cases by Ogden Hoffman, Volume I, 1862.\nHornbeck Rancho Detail Sheet – A summary sheet generated from a land patent database that details the history of a rancho, along with the various state and federal agency record numbers relating to the rancho.\nBancroft Notes – Document detailing information and documents regarding a particular rancho found in the Bancroft Archives.\nBLM Land Grant Patent – Hand-written document issued by the U.S. Government providing legal ownership of land previously granted by the Spanish or Mexican government.\nBLM Land Patent Detail Sheet – Document using the BLM accession number that provides specific information regarding the patented land of a rancho.\nBLM CDI Detail Sheet - Document using the CDI Doc ID that provides specific information concerning the patented land of a rancho.\nBLM Survey(s) – Plat(s) prepared by the Office of the U.S. Surveyor General detailing the boundaries of the rancho.
New meets old – the requirements and limits of new collection facilities at the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In commemoration of its bicentennial anniversary in 2010, the Museum fur Naturkunde (Museum of Natural History) in Berlin, the largest of its kind in Germany, reopened a wing that was bombed and ruined at the end of World War II. This was the first in a planned series of works to adapt the museum’s infrastructure to modern standards of collections care and energy efficiency. In the first phase, the ruined east wing of the museum was rebuilt as a high-security storage space. It was designed to meet safety requirements for storing the flammable fluid-preserved collection of zoological specimens in the context of a listed building and with the aim of optimal use of available space. This new facility now safely houses one million specimens preserved in 276,000 glass jars containing 80 tons of ethanol. The second phase of the construction programme is now in the advanced planning stage. In the first phase temperature control was implemented predominantly for safety reasons, however, in the next stage the environmental conditions are designed to (i) meet the requirements of the ‘dry’ collections which are to be re-housed in a dedicated collection hall; (ii) minimise energy consumption by using the building’s inertia and geothermal heating and cooling and (iii) optimise air exchange for both public and collection areas. This article aims to describe the new wet collection building. It presents how the various demands of building, safety and
collections care were balanced and optimised, guided by the
principle of ‘new meets old’. The paper also outlines the different approaches considered to adapt a historic museum building with a facade listed under monument protection to modern standards of collections care and energy efficiency.