jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comments on Howe: Toward a More Inclusive “Scientific Research in Education”

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In response to Howe (2009) , the author argues that educational research needs multiple thoughtful perspectives. The author’s standpoint is that of a mixed methods research methodologist. Mixed methods research provides an antidualistic and syncretic philosophy and set of approaches or possibilities for merging insights from diverse perspectives; its working goal is to provide pragmatic, ethical solutions to local and societal problems. To achieve this goal, researchers should cease writing articles that construct straw figures (based on old literature), knock them down, and claim Truth. The author of the present article provides a new set of guidelines for an education science that includes a respectful and important place for all. The author also provides a working value theory that resolves some objectivist and subjectivist differences.
Exploring the Role of Mutations in Fanconi Anemia Genes in Hereditary Cancer Patients

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Fanconi anemia (FA) is caused by biallelic mutations in FA genes. Monoallelic mutations in five of these genes (BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, BRIP1 and RAD51C) increase the susceptibility to breast/ovarian cancer and are used in clinical diagnostics as bona-fide hereditary cancer genes. Increasing evidence suggests that monoallelic mutations in other FA genes could predispose to tumor development, especially breast cancer. The objective of this study is to assess the mutational spectrum of 14 additional FA genes (FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCI, FANCL, FANCM, FANCP, FANCQ, FANCR and FANCU) in a cohort of hereditary cancer patients, to compare with local cancer-free controls as well as GnomAD. A total of 1021 hereditary cancer patients and 194 controls were analyzed using our next generation custom sequencing panel. We identified 35 pathogenic variants in eight genes. A significant association with the risk of breast cancer/breast and ovarian cancer was found for carriers of FANCA mutations (odds ratio (OR) = 3.14 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4–6.17, p = 0.003). Two patients with early-onset cancer showed a pathogenic FA variant in addition to another germline mutation, suggesting a modifier role for FA variants. Our results encourage a comprehensive analysis of FA genes in larger studies to better assess their role in cancer risk.
Waiting lists for cardiac surgery.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

heart size decreased after discontinuation of digoxin, contrary to expectations.These observations underline the inherent dangers of digitalis therapy, especially in coronary heart disease and respiratory in- sufficiency.It seems important to make sure that the only patients who are allowed to go on taking digoxin are those who otherwise would deteriorate clinically.At the moment the only way to achieve this goal is to discontinue the drug under conditions enabling close observation of the patients.
Use of feedback and coaching to improve leadership and emotional intelligence

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In every area of human endeavour, feedback and coaching provide a platform for improvement. When a leader works to develop their skills, this is very much the case, though care must be taken to match the feedback mechanisms and approach appropriate to the aims. To embed learning from 360° feedback on leadership, coaching is highly effective and has been proved to increase engagement and effectiveness, and lead to changes in the leadership behavior. The candidate is guided to improve the emotional intelligence development areas that will have the greatest impact in their current role. This includes as mentioned before, and very importantly, identified areas where the candidate scores the gap between desired and observed behaviour to be lower than raters – known as 'blind spots'; and also highlights the areas where raters see the gap as smaller – 'hidden strengths'.
Understanding Dental Fear and Anxiety in Children

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Background. \nDental fear and anxiety (DFA) assessment using standardised self-report questionnaires could improve patient care, facilitate communication, and reduce occupational stressors for dental professionals. However, existing measures have conceptual limitations and barriers to clinical utilisation. \n \nAim. \nTo further the understanding of DFA assessment in paediatric dental patients. \n \nMethod. \nFirstly, a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine a profile of paediatric dental patients referred with DFA. Additionally, child mental health and health-related quality of life were assessed. Next, a qualitative approach was used to explore children’s DFA experiences using a Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) framework. The findings informed the development on a new child centred DFA measure (Porritt et al. 2018). Subsequently, a web-based version of this measure for use on mobile smart devices was designed and tested. \n \nResults. \nIn Study 1, the profile of 100 children aged 11-16 years found most were female, White ethnicity, and lived in areas with high deprivation (61%, 85%, and 50% respectively). Participants had a range of self-reported DFA severity scores. Most did not have additional psychological difficulties and reported levels of impacts on daily living consistent with community samples. In Study 2, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 children aged 11-16 years. The thoughts, feelings, physical symptoms, and behaviours described were characteristic of changes associated with fears and anxieties. In Study 3, 107 children aged 9-16 years participated in the design and/or testing of the web-application. Mode of questionnaire delivery did not affect data equivalence or completeness, or time taken to complete responses. Both questionnaire versions had high acceptability, with no participant preference reported. \n \nDiscussion. \nDFA is a multidimensional experience for children. Further research is needed into the factors that influence children’s self-reporting of DFA using standardised questionnaires. The functionality offered by web-applications on mobile smart devices has considerable potential for DFA assessment.
Nikkei 225 stock index : a microstructure study on Singapore Exchange and Osaka Securities Exchange.

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The objective of this article is to delve into the institutional differences of the two exchanges, the Osaka Stock Exchange (OSE) and the Singapore Exchange (SGX), and give potential reasons as to why traders prefer one exchange to the other. We investigate the relations between information flow, price volatility, bid-ask spread, and trading volume on Nikkei 225 futures index
Influence of the Heating Conditions on the Asphalt Compositions by Grey System Theory

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper carried out the applications of grey system theory to correlate asphalt compositions and heating conditions which consist of asphalt mass, heating temperature and length of heating time. To clarify the influences of the heating conditions, the asphalt compositions were determined, including four generic components, namely asphaltenes, resins, aromatics and saturates, the total contents of asphaltenes and resins replaced by A value, the total contents of aromatics and saturates replaced by B value, and the ratio of A and B(A/B value). Results show that all the four generic components are affected obviously by different conditions and none of the four generic is affected by the largest. The component most affected by asphalt mass is A/B value. In additionally, A value is influenced mainly by the length of heating time while B value by heating temperature.
BORON ANALYSIS IN TISSUES BEFORE APPLE TREE BLOOM CAN BE USED TO ASSESS BORON NUTRITIONAL STATUS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study was to examine relationships between boron (B) concentrations in flower buds, spur leaves, and flowers and B in leaves of one-year-old shoots. The experiment was carried out during 1997–1999 in the Experimental Orchard of the Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture in Skierniewice, Poland on mature "Jonagold" and "Gala" apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees grafted on 11 and 10 rootstocks, respectively. Flower buds were collected at the stage of their bursting, spur leaves and flowers at the stage of pink bud, and leaves of one-year-old shoots 80 days after full bloom. The results showed that B status in plants was distinctly influenced by rootstock used. Boron levels in the studied organs were relatively stable throughout the years. Highly significant correlation was found between B in buds and flowers and B concentration in leaves of current-season shoots. In the case of "Jonagold" cultivar, correlation coefficient values between B in spur leaves and B in leaves of one-year-old shoots were also high, although they were lower than for relationships between B in buds and flowers and B in leaves of current-season shoots. For "Gala" cultivar, only in two out of three years were correlation coefficients between B in spur leaves and B in leaves of one-year-old shoots highly significant. According to regression models, optimum B levels in flower buds, spur leaves, and flowers are 17.1–33.3, 19.4–32.2, and 14.2–32.6 mg kg−1 for "Jonagold" and 7.1–20.5, 27.2–32.8, and 8.2–29.0 mg kg−1 for "Gala" cultivar. The results indicate that studied plant parts can be used to predict B nutritional status of apple trees and consequently fertilization with this element.
In Silico Approach for Characterization and Comparison of Repeats in the Genomes of Oil and Date Palms

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic elements present in almost all eukaryotic genomes. Due to their typical patterns of repetition, discovery, and characterization, they demand analysis by various bioinformatics software. Probably, as a result of the need for a complex analysis, many genomes publicly available do not have these elements annotated yet. In this study, a de novo and homology-based identification of TEs and microsatellites was performed using genomic data from 3 palm species: Elaeis oleifera (American oil palm, v.1, Embrapa, unpublished; v.8, Malaysian Palm Oil Board [MPOB], public), Elaeis guineensis (African oil palm, v.5, MPOB, public), and Phoenix dactylifera (date palm). The estimated total coverage of TEs was 50.96% (523 572 kb) and 42.31% (593 463 kb), 39.41% (605 015 kb), and 33.67% (187 361 kb), respectively. A total of 155 726 microsatellite loci were identified in the genomes of oil and date palms. This is the first detailed description of repeats in the genomes of oil and date palms. A relatively high diversity and abundance of TEs were found in the genomes, opening a range of further opportunities for applied research in these genera. The development of molecular markers (mainly simple sequence repeat), which may be immediately applied in breeding programs of those species to support the selection of superior genotypes and to enhance knowledge of the genetic structure of the breeding and natural populations, is the most notable opportunity.
A natural experiment to determine if FitEx works: Impact of a statewide walking program

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract The National Cooperative Extension System offers walking programs, but impacts are underreported. One program offered in two state systems is FitEx, an 8-week, group-based behavior change intervention. The purpose of this work was to evaluate FitEx through the RE-AIM (reach, effect, adoption, implementation, maintenance) Framework, with a primary focus on reach and effectiveness (individual-level dimensions). Through a pragmatic, natural experiment, the impact of FitEx was assessed from 2015 to 2020. Reach was operationalized as the number and characteristics of eligible community members who participated. Effectiveness was operationalized as changes in physical activity levels. From 2015 to 2020, there were 1995 FitEx participants (274 ± 233 participants per year) who were 45.22 ± 14.13 years of age, predominantly female (83%) and White (78%). At the start of the program, 33% met physical activity guidelines and during the program 58% met guidelines (X2(1, 1648) = 1.6; P &lt; .0). The reach and effectiveness of FitEx are comparable to—and in some cases, greater than—similar community-based walking programs. FitEx consistently reached middle-aged insufficiently active adults. Future work is needed to reach a more diverse population, establish objectively measured impacts, and establish a process to scale FitEx across the nation.
Insights into the Electrochemical Hydrogenation Reaction Mechanisms of Aromatic Compounds Mixtures over Bimetallic PtRu Catalyst

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

Efficient and selective electrochemical hydrogenation (ECH) of organic compounds is crucial for global sustainability; offering both chemical feedstock circularity and routes to generate synthetic fuels, reducing fossil fuel reliance. This study focuses on ECH of benzoic acid (BA), phenol (P), and guaiacol (G), commonly appearing as mixtures in potential oils for upgrade. The impact of various conditions on the hydrogenation process was elucidated using a carbon-supported PtRu catalyst; assessing initial concentrations/mixtures, temperatures, and current densities. Phenol ECH exhibited the most favourable outcome, achieving an 83.17% conversion rate and 60% Faradaic Efficiency (FE). When mixtures (BA + P, BA + G, P + G, and BA + P + G) were evaluated, revealing that BA + P yielded the highest conversion rate (64.19%) and FE (74%). This outcome suggests a potential synergistic effect between benzoic acid and phenol. Additionally, regardless of experimental parameters, BA selectivity for cyclohexane carboxylic acid (CCA) remained consistently at 100%. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations provided insight into molecular/catalyst interactions, highlighting the stability of parallel positioning the BA molecule on the cathode surface compared to perpendicular placement (-1.12 eV vs. 0.58 eV), this offers a plausible explanation for the observed high selectivity towards CCA. These findings provide a foundation for future developments in ECH of real pyrolysis oil.
Femtosecond Z-scan and degenerate four-wave mixing measurements of real and imaginary parts of the third-order nonlinearity of soluble conjugated polymers

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We investigated the third-order nonlinear optical properties of several soluble π-conjugated polymers with a goal of reliable determination of the parameters that characterize the nonlinearity, such as the real and imaginary parts of the nonlinear refractive index n2 and the one-photon loss and two-photon loss merit factors W and T, respectively. The measurements were performed at 800 nm with 100-fs pulses from an amplified Ti:sapphire system. We present results of investigations of several 2,5-substituted poly(p-phenylene vinylenes), including poly[2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)-p-phenylenevinylene] and a soluble ladder poly (p-phenylene) polymer. In particular, Z-scan measurements of polymer solutions were found to be useful for the determination of the complex nonlinear refractive index. The results could be verified by time-dependent degenerate four-wave mixing studies performed on thin films of the polymers. We found generally good agreement between the values of n2 determined from Z scan and those from degenerate four-wave mixing. The results indicate that the nonlinear refractive index of the order of 10-12 cm2/W can be readily obtained for various conjugated polymers. However, the two-photon merit factors T larger than unity are commonly encountered within the two-photon absorption ranges of these compounds.
Mexico's Counter-Narcotics Efforts Under Zedillo, December 1994 to March 1998

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This report provides information on Mexico's counter-narcotics efforts under the presidency of Ernesto Zedillo from December 1994 to March 1998 in the context of President Clinton's February 26, 1998 certification that Mexico was fully cooperative in drug control efforts. The report focuses on (1) trends in Mexico's share of illicit drug traffic to the U.S., (2) measures of Mexico's efforts to control drug trafficking, and (3) Mexico's cooperation with the U.S. in counter-narcotics efforts.
LA ESPIRAL DE MIEDO Y SILENCIO Y LA JAULA DE HIERRO EN LA CIENCIA Y LA EDUCACIÓN ARGENTINAS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The imposition of a wave of fear and silence in the scientific and educational environment \nhas increased in Argentina since the last quarter of a century, during the Menem \ngovernment, it has been intensified during the Kirchner government, and has spread to the \nrest of the system in a long historical process, theorized recently by Noelle-Neumann, and \nwhose damage to the argentine society measured in monetary terms largely exceeds the \ntotality of the foreign debt.
Narrative, organizations and research

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Given the rapid expansion of narrative approaches in management and organization theory in recent years, this paper investigates the contribution of this literature to the understanding of organizations and processes of organizing. The paper tells the story of the development of narrative approaches in organizational theory. Narrative's contribution to substantive areas of organization theory is evaluated. These developments are then reviewed in relation to an ongoing tension between story and science. We conclude by contemplating some of the criticisms, and the future, of narrative research.
The Present Status of the Gipsy Moth in New Jersey

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article The Present Status of the Gipsy Moth in New Jersey Get access Thomas J. Headlee, Ph. D. Thomas J. Headlee, Ph. D. State Entomologist, New Brunswick, N. J. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 14, Issue 2, 1 April 1921, Pages 172–178, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/14.2.172 Published: 01 April 1921
Arab Satellite Television and Crisis Reporting

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The question as to what dictates the choices of various media outlets and what guides the professional practices of journalists when reporting on international military crises is particularly pertinent when considering Arab media, who have been claiming a space in the global media scene by virtue of their intense and often controversial coverage of wars and crises in the postSeptember 11 era. This article is concerned with the coverage of the war against Iraq. It examines how Arab media reported the fall of Baghdad and the collapse of the regime of Saddam Hussein. The study focuses on how three pan-Arab satellite news channels that have been at the forefront of the coverage of the war against Iraq – Al Jazeera, Al Arabiya and Abu Dhabi Channel–handled the news from a narrative and visual perspective.
Does arch length preservation in mixed dentition children affect mandibular second permanent molar eruption? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Arch length preservation strategies utilize leeway space or E-space in the mixed dentition to resolve mild to moderate mandibular incisor crowding. The purpose of this systematic review of the literature was to analyze the effects of arch length preservation strategies in on mandibular second permanent molar eruption.A search for relevant articles published from inception until May 2020 was performed using PubMed/Medline, Cochrane databases, Clinicaltrials.gov, Google scholar and journal databases. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were adopted for the conduct of the systematic review. Using RevMan 5.3 software, the most pertinent data were extracted and pooled for quantitative analysis with 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity was analyzed by using Cochran Q test and I squared statistics.A total of 5 studies involving 855 mixed dentition patients with arch length preservation therapy were included in the qualitative analysis. Pooled estimate of the data from two studies revealed 3.14 times higher odds of developing mandibular second molar eruption difficulty due to arch length preservation strategies using lingual holding arch (95% CI; OR 1.10-8.92). There was no heterogeneity found in the analysis. The certainty levels were graded as very low.This systematic review demonstrates that arch length preservation strategies pose a risk for development of mandibular second molar eruption disturbances, but the evidence was of very low quality. Registration number: CRD42019116643.
Experimental Investigation on Fire Resistance of CES Columns Subjected to 3-Side Heating

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Results of experimental study on fire resistance of four concrete encased steel (CES) columns are presented. The four columns have the same steel section and reinforcements but different load intensity and load eccentricity, which were the key factors for fire resistance of CES columns under fire condition. The tested results are utilized to study the effect of various parameters on thermal and structural response of CES columns. Spalling of CES columns under fire condition are also investigated. Test results show that CES columns under 3-side heating have higher fire resistance than that under 4-side heating. Also, load ratio and load eccentricity have noticeable influence on the fire resistance of CES columns. In addition, spalling of concrete decreases the fire resistance of CES columns.
Monitoring of silicon, soil pH, nitrogen and organic carbon in the Lower Austrian Chernozem / Phaeozem region

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Die biologische Verfügbarkeit von Silicium (Si) stellt einen wichtigen Einflussfaktor für Gesundheit und Wachstum von Pflanzen dar.Um Informationen über Si und die Bodenparameter pH, Stickstoff (N) und organischen Kohlenstoff (OC) zu generieren beprobte ich zwischen Nov. 2016 und März 2017 99 Oberböden von Äckern auf niederösterreichischen Tschernosemen, Paratschernosemen und Feuchtschwarzerden. Diese Bodenproben verglich ich mit 20 bis 30 Jahre alten Archivproben der selben Standorte.Um den Si Gehalt zu bestimmen extrahierte ich potentiell pflanzenverfügbare (Extraktion in 0.01 M CaCl2) und amorphe Si Fraktionen (Extraktion in 0.2 M NaOH) aus den archivierten und neu beprobten Böden. Die Si Konzentration wurde mithilfe der Molybdän Blau Methode und einem Photospektrometer gemessen. Weiters wurden der OC und der pH Wert der archivierten und neu beprobten Böden, sowie der N Gehalt der neu beprobten Böden gemessen.Die Hypothese, dass sich der amorphe Si Gehalt aufgrund von Si mindernden Bodenbearbeitungsmethoden verringert hat, wurde widerlegt: Es wurden keine maßgeblichen Veränderungen des amorphen (Mittelwert 2560 mg/kg) und potentiell pflanzenverfügbaren (Mittelwert 44 mg/kg) Si Gehaltes beobacht. Dennoch lagen die pflanzenverfügbaren Si Gehalte zu beiden Beprobungszeitpunkten bei fast der Hälfte der Böden unter dem oberen Limit eines Si Mangelzustandes für Reis (< 43 mg/kg). Es konnte keine Änderung des pH Wertes beobachtet werden (Mittelwert 7.2). Der OC zeigte jedoch eine signifikante Zunahme von fast 40% von einem Mittelwert von 19.6 g/kg auf 29.3 g/kg.Zur Feststellung des Einflusses der Bodentextur, des mittleren Jahresniederschlages, der mittleren Jahrestemperatur (T), des pH Wertes und des OC auf die Si Fraktionen wurden multiple Regressionen gerechnet. Als Haupteinflussfaktoren können die folgenden Bodenparameter hervorgehoben werden: Organischer Kohlenstoff und T hatten eine mindernde Wirkung auf die Si Fraktionen, Ton hatte eine erhöhende Wirkung.