jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Does root‐sourced ABA have a role in mediating growth and stomatal responses to soil compaction in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)?

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Isogenic wild‐type (Ailsa Craig) and abscisic acid (ABA)‐deficient mutant ( flacca ) genotypes of tomato were used to examine the role of root‐sourced ABA in mediating growth and stomatal responses to compaction. Plants were grown in uniform soil columns providing low to moderate bulk densities (1.1–1.5 g cm −3 ), or in a split‐pot system, which allowed the roots to divide between soils of the same or differing bulk density (1.1/1.5 g cm −3 ). Root and shoot growth and leaf expansion were reduced when plants were grown in compacted soil (1.5 g cm −3 ) but leaf water status was not altered. However, stomatal conductance was affected, suggesting that non‐hydraulic signal(s) transported in the transpiration stream were responsible for the observed effects. Xylem sap and foliar ABA concentrations increased with bulk density for 10 and 15 days after emergence (DAE), respectively, but were thereafter poorly correlated with the observed growth responses. Growth was reduced to a similar extent in both genotypes in compacted soil (1.5 g cm −3 ), suggesting that ABA is not centrally involved in mediating growth in this severely limiting ‘critical’ compaction stress treatment. Growth performance in the 1.1/1.5 g cm −3 split‐pot treatment of Ailsa Craig was intermediate between the uniform 1.1 and 1.5 g cm −3 treatments, whereas stomatal conductance was comparable to the compacted 1.5 g cm −3 treatment. In contrast, shoot dry weight and leaf area in the split‐pot treatment of flacca were similar to the 1.5 g cm −3 treatment, but stomatal conductance was comparable to uncompacted control plants. These results suggest a role for root‐sourced ABA in regulating growth and stomatal conductance during ‘sub‐critical’ compaction stress, when genotypic differences in response are apparent. The observed genotypic differences are comparable to those previously reported for barley, but occurred at a much lower bulk density, reflecting the greater sensitivity of tomato to compaction. By alleviating the severe growth reductions induced when the entire root system encounters compacted soil, the split‐pot approach has important applications for studies of the role of root‐sourced signals in compaction‐sensitive species such as tomato.
Comparative Constitutionalism: Challenges of Constitutional Sovereignty in Iran and Iraq

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Constitutionalism has more than a century of history in the Muslim world. More recently, Iran and Iraq, two countries with populations comprised of Shi'a majorities with a strong presence in the layout of political power, appear to have embarked on divergent routes with regard to the formal blueprints of public authority. Yet as this research demonstrates, due to an absence of robust institutional arrangements and lack of efficient mechanisms of revision and entrenchment, comparable outcomes can be observed in the form of political systems that have consistently failed to uphold various elements of popular sovereignty, which the constitutions themselves claim to be endorsing. This study aims at providing a closer examination of important elements of popular constitutional sovereignty by examining key normative, institutional and procedural settings in both contexts to evaluate critically the constitutional arrangements in two prominent republican settings in the Muslim world. The author will argue that in both cases certain highlighted fundamental shortfalls could lead one to regard both texts as "sham constitutions". This study draws upon theoretical principles of comparative constitutional analysis.
Monocular UAV Localisation With Deep Learning and Uncertainty Propagation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose a ground-based monocular UAV localisation system\nthat detects and localises an LED marker attached to the underside of a UAV.\nOur system removes the need for extensive infrastructure and calibration unlike\nexisting technologies such as UWB, radio frequency and multi-camera systems\noften used for localisation in GPS-denied environment. To improve deployablity\nfor real-world applications without the need to collect extensive real dataset,\nwe train a CNN on synthetic binary images as opposed to using real images in\nexisting monocular UAV localisation methods, and factor in the camera's zoom to\nallow tracking of UAVs flying at further distances. We propose NoisyCutout\nalgorithm for augmenting synthetic binary images to simulate binary images\nprocessed from real images and show that it improves localisation accuracy as\ncompared to using existing salt-and-pepper and Cutout augmentation methods. We\nalso leverage uncertainty propagation to modify the CNN's loss function and\nshow that this also improves localisation accuracy. Real-world experiments are\nconducted to evaluate our methods and we achieve an overall 3D RMSE of\napproximately 0.41m.\n
Commissioning and Operation of FAST Electron Linac at Fermilab

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report results of the beam commissioning and first operation of the 1.3 GHz superconducting RF electron linear accelerator at Fermilab Accelerator Science and Technology (FAST) facility. Construction of the linac was completed and the machine was commissioned with beam in 2017. The maximum total beam energy of about 300 MeV was achieved with the record energy gain of 250 MeV in the ILC-type SRF cryomodule. The pho-toinjector was tuned to produce trains of 200 pC bunches with a frequency of 3 MHz at a repetition rate of 1 Hz. This report describes the aspects of machine commission-ing such as tuning of the SRF cryomodule and beam optics optimization. We also present highlights of an experimental program carried out parasitically during the two-month run, including studies of wake-fields, and advanced beam phase space manipulation.
Strategies for Reducing Secondary or Vicarious Trauma: Do They Work?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This cross-sectional design study sought to assess whether therapists believed and engaged in commonly recommended forms of prevention for secondary and vicarious trauma and whether engaging in these activities resulted in lower levels of distress. In this study of 259 therapists, time spent with counseling trauma victims was the best predictor of trauma scores. Although participants generally believed in the usefulness of recommended \ncoping strategies including leisure activities, self-care activities and supervision, these beliefs did not translate into time devoted to engaging in the activities. Most importantly, there was no association between time devoted to coping strategies and traumatic stress scores. Intervention strategies for trauma counselors that focus on education of therapists and augmenting coping skills unduly individualize the problem.
Synthesis, spectral characterization of pyrazole derived Schiff base analogs: molecular dynamic simulation, antibacterial and DNA binding studies

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We have synthesized the pyrazole-bearing Schiff base derivatives (5a-5e) and (6a-6h) then the structural confirmation was supported by various spectral analyses. The antibacterial activity of all analogs was screened against bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonieae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In comparison to the reference drug ciprofloxacin, the lead analogs 5c and 6c showed potent activity, with MIC values of 64 µg/mL against E. coli and B. subtilis. Compound 5c showed a moderate effect with a MIC value of 128 µg/mL against B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa and K. pneumonieae, while compound 6c was against E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, the compounds 5c and 6c displayed groove binding mode towards CT-DNA by absorption, emission, competitive fluorescence studies using EtBr, CD and time-resolved fluorescence studies. Thermodynamic parameters of analogs 5c and 6c with CT-DNA were also calculated at 298, 303 and 308K temperatures by UV-visible spectroscopy. The molecular docking studies give the docking score for all compounds with PDB codes: 1BNA and 2XCT. The MD simulation study of analogs 5c and 6c was also carried out. The pharmacokinetic and ADME properties were calculated for all of the synthesized analogs (5a-5e) and (6a-6h).Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Towards a Ledger-Assisted Architecture for Secure Query Processing over Distributed IoT Data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Massive amount of IoT data poses unique challenges in centralized data management systems. Specifically, IoT data can originate from heterogeneous and distributed sources, and commonly regulations forbid data from different IoT stakeholders to be managed via central governance. To serve for IoT applications, recent proposals leverage distributed ledgers (e.g., blockchains) to function on top of distributed data storage with improved data interoperability. Unfortunately, most of them do not consider data security and privacy in the first place. Along with this transformative paradigm, in this paper, we propose a ledger-assisted architecture for secure distributed IoT data management. This architecture adapts searchable encryption to decentralized storage network to enable encrypted query processing. Meanwhile, it is designed to leverage the distributed ledger to harden both data and query integrity. To deal with continuously generated IoT data, we further devise an efficient secure data insertion protocol, and employ a recent variant of blockchain for users to validate updated query results in a scalable manner. Evaluations on Azure blockchain service confirm the practicality of our proposed architecture.
Assistance by Electrophiles in Photoinduced Alkylidyne–Carbonyl Coupling

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A one-step synthesis of metal-coordinated ynols and ynol derivatives is possible by irradiation of the alkylidyne–carbonyl–tungsten complexes 1 and entrapment of the resulting ketenyl ligands with the electrophile E. Complexes 2 are obtained in good yields. R = Me, Ph; E = H, C(O)CMe3, Si(CMe3)2Ph.
Novel mechanism for the generation of human xeno-autoantibodies against the nonhuman sialic acid N-glycolylneuraminic acid

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The nonhuman sialic acid N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is metabolically incorporated into human tissues from certain mammalian-derived foods, and this occurs in the face of an anti-Neu5Gc “xeno-autoantibody” response. Given evidence that this process contributes to chronic inflammation in some diseases, it is important to understand when and how these antibodies are generated in humans. We show here that human anti-Neu5Gc antibodies appear during infancy and correlate with weaning and exposure to dietary Neu5Gc. However, dietary Neu5Gc alone cannot elicit anti-Neu5Gc antibodies in mice with a humanlike Neu5Gc deficiency. Other postnatally appearing anti-carbohydrate antibodies are likely induced by bacteria expressing these epitopes; however, no microbe is known to synthesize Neu5Gc. Here, we show that trace exogenous Neu5Gc can be incorporated into cell surface lipooligosaccharides (LOS) of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), a human-specific commensal/pathogen. Indeed, infant anti-Neu5Gc antibodies appear coincident with antibodies against NTHi. Furthermore, NTHi that express Neu5Gc-containing LOS induce anti-Neu5Gc antibodies in Neu5Gc-deficient mice, without added adjuvant. Finally, Neu5Gc from baby food is taken up and expressed by NTHi. As the flora residing in the nasopharynx of infants can be in contact with ingested food, we propose a novel model for how NTHi and dietary Neu5Gc cooperate to generate anti-Neu5Gc antibodies in humans.
Lessons of a multicenter noninvasive brain stimulation trial in patients with unilateral spatial neglect after stroke: barriers to trial participation from a developing country

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: There is a high demand for stroke rehabilitation in the Brazilian public health system, however most studies that addressed rehabilitation for unilateral spatial neglect (USN) after stroke have been performed in highincome countries. Objectives: Analyze the USN patient recruitment in a multicenter non-invasive brain stimulation clinical trial performed in Brazil. Design and setting: Observation study of reasons for exclusion of patients in a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded clinical trial performed at Botucatu Medical School. Methods: We evaluated reasons for exclusion of patients in a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded clinical trial of rehabilitation of USN patients after stroke. Results: 173 of 1956 potential neglect patients (8.8%) passed initial screening. After screening evaluation, 87/173 patients (50.3%) were excluded for clinical reasons. Cognitive impairment led to exclusion of 21/87 patients (24.1%). Low socioeconomic status led to exclusion of 37/173 patients (21.4%). Difficulty in transportation to access treatment was the most common reason (16/37 patients, 43.3%). Conclusions: The analyzed Brazilian institutions have potential for conducting studies in USN. Recruitment of stroke survivors with USN was restricted by the study design and limited financial support. Cognitive impairment, presence of stent or craniectomy and lack of transportation was the most common barriers to participate in a multicenter non-invasive brain stimulation trial in patients with unilateral spatial neglect after stroke.
Statistical properties of the zeros of zeta functions-beyond the Riemann case

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the statistical distribution of the zeros of Dirichlet $L$--functions both analytically and numerically. Using the Hardy--Littlewood conjecture about the distribution of prime numbers we show that the two--point correlation function of these zeros coincides with that for eigenvalues of the Gaussian unitary ensemble of random matrices, and that the distributions of zeros of different $L$--functions are statistically independent. Applications of these results to Epstein's zeta functions are shortly discussed.
Ultraviolet Radiation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the principal cause of over 95% of keratinocyte cancers (basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin), the most common cancers in white populations worldwide. UV radiation also causes an estimated 60%–90% of cutaneous melanoma, the cancer affecting the skin’s pigment-producing cells. In addition, UV radiation is the major cause of many eye diseases, including ocular cancers and cataract, the commonest cause of blindness, and is responsible for the underlying changes in skin aging, on which billions of dollars are spent annually in efforts to repair the damage. The sun is the principal source of human exposure to UV radiation. However, artificial sources are encountered in a wide range of industrial and medical settings, and increasingly from commercial tanning facilities. By the late twentieth century, nearly epidemic increases in skin cancer incidence had occurred in white populations, especially in Australia and New Zealand.
Electrical resistivities of liquid Li-Sn and Na-Pb alloys

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The resistivity of liquid Li-Sn and Na-Pb alloys is calculated using the theory of ‘‘2 k F ’’ scattering theory recently developed by Morgan et al. The partial structure factors are described by the mean-spherical approximation for a system of hard spheres with Yukawa tails. The calculated resistivity values are in very good agreement with experiment. The improvement over the widely used Faber-Ziman formalism is impressive.
12 Pushing the Limits of Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis with Continuous Flow

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Since its invention by Bruce Merrifield, solid-phase peptide synthesis has conventionally been performed in batch reactors. With systems created by Atherton, Dryland, and Sheppard in the 1980s, flow-chemistry techniques began to be applied to enhance solid-phase peptide synthesis, improving mixing and enabling time-resolved monitoring of Fmoc removal. Here, we review the history of flow-chemical techniques for solid-phase peptide synthesis, advances in solid supports that make flow chemistry on the solid phase feasible, the rationale behind using flow chemistry for amino acid activation, and other techniques for synthesizing peptides in flow, including the use of solid-supported coupling reagents and soluble macromolecular supports. Advantages of flow-chemistry techniques for both solid- and liquid-phase peptide synthesis include precise control of reagent heating and chiral integrity of incorporated amino acids, improvements in amino acid coupling times, and in-process detection of problematic peptide sequences.
Genetic variation within and between two Tyrrhenian populations of the Mediterranean alcyonarian Corallium rubrum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Allozymic variation of 13 gene loci was investigated in 2 samples of Corallium rubrum (L.) collected in the Tyrrhenian Sea (Tuscany, Italy), at the coastal Calafuria cliff (south of Leghorn) and at Elba Island (Tuscan Archipelago) respectively.Among 5 polymorphic loci, Pgm and Pgi showed the highest level of heterozygosity.In the Elba sample all polymorphic loci were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, whereas in the Calafuria sample, Pgm and Pgi were not.Mixing of individuals from genetically different subpopulations (Wahlund effect) may cause this disequilibrium.Nei's indices together with F-statistics show that the samples investigated can be considered as 2 distinct local populations.The results suggest that limited larval dispersal may be more important in promoting C. rubrum population differentiation than differential selection on the migrating larvae.
Towards the generation of mechanical Kerr-cats: awakening the perturbative quantum Moyal corrections to classical motion

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The quantum to classical transition is determined by the interplay of a trio of parameters: dissipation, nonlinearity, and macroscopicity. Why is nonlinearity needed to see quantum effects? And, is not an ordinary pendulum quite nonlinear already? In this manuscript, we discuss the parameter regime where the dynamics of a massive oscillator should be quantum mechanical in the presence of dissipation. We review the outstanding challenge of the dynamical generation of highly quantum mechanical cat states of a massive ‘pendulum’, known as Kerr-cats. We argue that state-of-the-art cold atom experiments may be in a position to reach such a nonlinear regime, which today singles out superconducting quantum circuits. A way to stabilize Schrödinger cat superpositions of a mechanical atomic oscillator via parametric squeezing and further protected by an unusual form of quantum interference is discussed. The encoding of a neutral atom Kerr-cat qubit is proposed.
A Study on the Knowledge Implementation Strategy and its influence on the Knowledge Sharing Attitude among Knowledge Workers and Individual Job Performance

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Knowledge is asset that empowers individual and organizations to stay competitive in a borderless business world. For organizations that successfully deploy knowledge sharing and reuse, they have claimed to have observed job performance improvement. Even though the success or failure of KM implementation have been aggressively investigated by researchers, nevertheless, besides factors such as culture, business strategy, size, capacity and needs of organizations, KM strategy may vary depending on the organizationsâ€™ eco-system. Hence, there is a need to investigate organizations operate in Malaysian to understand influences of KM strategy and its influence to knowledge sharing atttitude among knowledge workers in the organizations. And the effect of KM strategy and knowledge sharing atttitude on individual job performance. The research subjects are IT related companies in Malaysia that practise knowledge sharing. MSC status companies will be invited to participate. Questionnaire will be sent to these companies to solicit responses. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) will be adopted as analysis technique to analyze the responses from research subjects that take part. In this research, a selected group of companies in Kuala Lumpur/Selangor/Klang Valley will be interviewed to collect their views for qualitative analysis. Campbell Job Performance Theory will be used in the research to evaluate performance of knowledge workers in organizations. Questionnaire survey will be circulated to knowledge workers to collect their responses. The outcomes of the research provides a better understanding of the relationships between KM implementation strategy, knowledge sharing attitude, and individual job performance of knowledge workers.
Role of clinical pharmacists relying on pharmacy intravenous admixture service

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Institutional Pharmacy Management Regulation demands that the medical institutions should be equipped with the clinical pharmacists,but the primary hospital clinical pharmacists who directly entered the clinical medication are facing many problems.In view of the practical situation of Weifang Maternity and Child Care Hospital,the clinical pharmacists rely on pharmacy intravenous admixture service to promote the clinical pharmacy work in which rational use of drugs is the core.At the same time,they guide the clinical medication,and this work mode is easily accepted by the staff.
Normal testicular structure and reproductive function in deermice lacking retinol and alcohol dehydrogenase activity.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

It was found that a strain of deermice (Peromyscus maniculatus), which genetically lacks liver alcohol dehydrogenase activity also displays no such activity in the testis and is devoid of the enzyme activity that converts retinol to retinal, both in liver and in the testis; nevertheless, these animals exhibit normal reproduction and testicular histology. Therefore, one must reconsider the theory that the testicular atrophy and aspermatogenesis commonly found in alcoholics is due, at least in part, to interaction of ethanol with these enzyme activities in the testis.
Immune competence in chronic hemodialysis patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

慢性透析患者50例の免疫能の指標として, 血清immunosuppressive substance (IS) 物質, immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP), stimulation index (SI), soluble IL-2 receptor, IL-2 receptor bearing lymphocyte (CD25陽性細胞) について検討し, 以下の結論を得た. 血清IS物質, IAPは健常人に比較して有意に高値を示した. そして, 透析導入後1年未満で高値を示したが, 透析年数と共に一時改善を認めたものの, 5年以上の長期例では再び上昇した. またSIは健常人に比較して高値を示した. Soluble IL-2 receptorとCD25陽性細胞は健常人に比較して高値を示し, 透析年数別では血清IS物質, IAPと同様のパターンを示した. 慢性透析患者の免疫能は, 透析導入後1年以上で一時的に改善が認められるものの, 5年以上経過すると再び低下することが示唆された. Soluble IL-2 receptor, CD25陽性細胞の免疫学的意義は不明であるが, 免疫抑制と何らかの関係があるものと考えられた.