jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hyperbolic CORDIC-Based Architecture for Computing Logarithm and Its Implementation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present a CORDIC (Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer)-based method to compute the logarithm function with base 2 and validate this method by software simulation and hardware implementation. Technically, we overcome the limitation of traditional hyperbolic CORDIC and transform it based on the idea of generalized hyperbolic CORDIC so that it can be used to compute log 2 x (x ε [1, 2)). The proposed method requires only simple shift-and-add operations and has a great tradeoff between precision (or speed) and area. In MATLAB, we provide different precisions corresponding to the iterations of the transformed CORDIC for user needs. Using a pipelined structure and setting the number of iterations to be 16 (the average relative error is 2.09×10 -6 ), we implement an example hardware circuit. Synthesized under the SMIC 65nm CMOS technology, the circuit has an area of 24100 μm 2 and computation time of 11.1 ns, which can save 31.04% area and improve 6.92% computation speed averagely compared with existing methods.
Adjusting the Lock and Adjusting the Key in Cyclodextrin Chemistry

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Processes in which cyclodextrins (cycloamyloses) act as reagents or catalysts toward substrates bound in the cyclodextrin cavity can be improved markedly by careful attention to the geometry. As one approach, cyclodextrin was modified with groups that cap and partly fill the cavity. The resulting new geometry of binding leads to an increased reaction rate for m-t-butylphenyl acetate. As another approach, the shape of the substrate was modified, by examining derivatives of ferrocene and of cinnamic acid, so as to bring the geometry of bound substrate close to that for reaction; large rate increases resulted. When cyclodextrin is converted to a bis-imidazole derivative, the resulting catalyst cleaves catechol cyclic phosphates. The examination of several such substrates, and of cyclodextrin monoimidazole and cyclodextrin heptaimidazole as catalysts, help show that the mechanism is similar to that of the enzyme ribonuclease.
Public Health Impact of Bovine Cysticercosis in Ethiopia: A review

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Zoonotic effects of Bovine cysticercosis and its causative agents are metacestode at the stage of cestode and Taenia (T) saginata for humans. The reviewed result stated that the cosmopolitan and its distribution of Bovine cysticercosis are common in the world. Distribution is associated with economic conditions, religious and close proximity of humans to cattle. Its life cycle is indirect and entirely dependent on the link between man and cattle. So, this review was indicated that any break between human and cattle results in the total elimination of the parasites. Cysts of Cysticercus (C.) bovis is found anywhere in the carcass and viscera especially masseter, tongue, heart, triceps, inter costal muscles and the diaphragm are the most affected organs. In Ethiopia except the heart other organs are consumed at raw meat or under cooked. Most research result showed that man consumes these muscles containing viable Cysticercus and a tapeworm develop and coses a potential public health hazards than Taeniasis. The custom of eating raw or undercooked beef dishes and the habit of defecating in open fields and allowing cattle to graze in such fields made Taeniasis of human and cysticercosis of cattle in Ethiopia. The prevalence of the disease both in human and animals is high. T.saginata in small intestine of humans absorbs digested food and its proglottids migrate to different organs causing different signs. Economic loss from cysticercosis is determined by disease prevalence, grade of animals affected, potential market policy of cattle. In Ethiopia most Slaughtering practices are often carried out in the field in the absence of abattoirs. This allows the parasite to continue its life cycle in the coming future. Therefore avoiding the consumption of raw meat, slaughtering animals on the field and stop free grazing is the prevention measure of cysticercosis.
Implementation of the CORBA Event Service in Java

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The increase need and interest in distributed technology has led to several different\ntypes of object orientated middleware. CORBA is being defined by the Object\nManagement Group (OMG) and is the most commonly used middleware today for\nbuilding distributed applications. One of the fundamental requirements for a\ndistributed system is to communicate event information between objects. The\nCORBA standard defines a specification of an Event Service that provides a flexible\nmodel for asynchronous communication among objects. This thesis describes the\nCORBA standard briefly and gives a detail account of the Event Service. The\nCORBA Event Service specification lacks important features required by application\ndomains such as telecommunications and real-time systems. These limitations are\ndescribed along with the OMG proposals for a Notification Service and Messaging\nService that will overcome the various drawbacks. Also described is a comparison of\nvarious event models both CORBA and non-CORBA based, that have been developed\nby commercial companies and academic institutions.\nThis thesis describes the requirements, design and implementation of TCDEvents, a\nJava implementation of the CORBA Event Service. Finally, the evaluation of\nTCDEvents is compared with other CORBA and non-CORBA event models.
Sex and Sectarianism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this essay Mikdashi examines the legal practice of strategic conversion, or religious conversion undertaken in order to make use of different aspects of the Lebanese legal system. Mikdashi illustrates the process of strategic conversion by comparing it to that of correcting one’s sex in the census registry, an act that also changes the network of laws that applies to a citizen. A further comparison is made by introducing the practice of removing one’s madhhab completely from state census registries, a right won by activists for a secular personal status law in March 2009. Through ethnographic and archival research on these practices of strategic conversion, madhhab removal, and the legal “correction” of sex by transsexual citizens, Mikdashi questions what effect the legal and bureaucratic transformation of madhhab or sex has on the identification and/or recognition of a citizen’s sect or gender. Mikdashi teases out the different technologies through which sex, gender, madhhab, and sect are both recognized and practiced in contemporary Lebanon. She calls for the categories of madhhab and sect to be critically reinterrogated, just as the categories of sex and gender were and continue to be.
Research regarding the reproduction and cultivation of Herniaria glabra L.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A spontaneous population of Herniaria glabra L. collected in Valea Ierii (Distr. Cluj) was introduced in cultivation as a medicinal plant used in uro-genital diseases. The experiment was performed in the field of Agronomy Institute Cluj-Napoca. After an unsuccesfull attempt of cultivation by sowing, the plants established were used for vegetative propagation (remats in different ways). Using these remats an experimental culture was started in 1982. The developement of individual plants and the accumulation of active substances in the cloned material is discussed.
The Rise of HgTe Colloidal Quantum Dots for Infrared Optoelectronics

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Among materials produced as colloidal quantum dots (CQDs), HgTe has a special status being the only material covering the whole infrared range from the visible to the THz (0.7–100 µm). This unique property resulting from its electronic structure, combined with an air stability and a capacity for charge conduction has generated consistent and massive efforts to produce and improve HgTe CQDs over the past two decades. Meanwhile, HgTe CQDs offer an infrared platform more advanced than any other colloidal alternatives in the mid‐wave infrared regarding their integration into advanced photonic and optoelectronic applications. Here, the latest developments of HgTe CQDs relative to the material's growth, electron structure modelling, its integration into photonic structures and its transfer as the active material from single element devices toward complex sensors and infrared imagers are reviewed. Finally, a discussion about the potential of this material for industry, rising new challenges beyond economical and production considerations at low technological readiness level, relative to the material and device design, is also included.
Painting in Bruges at the close of the Middle Ages: studies in society and visual culture

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This book is the first to explore the origins and nature of the demand for painting in Bruges over the course of the fifteenth century and its subsequent effect on the community of painters and their workshop and marketing practices. The evolution of Bruges was fundamentally linked with commerce, and as a result of the city's thriving international trade and rising merchant class, it was to become one of the most affluent and cosmopolitan centers in late medieval Europe. However, only after the Duke of Burgundy moved his court to Bruges in the early decades of the fifteenth century would it begin to be a major center for the production of panel painting. This study examines the coming together of the opulent Burgundian court, an affluent urban bourgeoisie, and an increasingly expanding community of painters, and the effects of this dynamic social configuration on the newly emerging art of oil painting.
Efektivitas Komunikasi Penyuluhan Pertanian di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 terhadap Usahatani Padi Sawah di Desa Sulemandara Kecamatan Pondidaha Kabupaten Konawe

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The goal of this study is to see how efficient agricultural extension workers were in communicating with farmers during the Covid-19 epidemic on lowland rice farming in Sulemandara Village, Pondidaha District, Konawe Regency, knowledge of farmers in lowland rice farming during the Covid-19 pandemic in Sulemandara Village, Pondidaha District, Konawe Regency and the relationship between the effectiveness of the communication between the extension worker and the knowledge of the farmer in lowland rice farming. From November to January 2022, this study was done in Sulemandara Village, Pondidaha District, Konawe Regency with a population of 128 people and a sample of 32 respondents. Sampling in this study used a simple random sampling technique. Data analysis in this study used quantitative descriptive data analysis method with the formula of similarity of meaning. Communication between agricultural extension staff and farmers was found to be inefficient, according to the findings, namely that there were differences in meaning in communication between extension workers and farmers.
Indigenous Farmer-Managed Irrigation in Sonjo, Tanzania

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Despite wide interest expressed in indigenous farmer-managed small-scale irrigation in Sub-Saharan Africa, there are relatively few studies of such systems. This paper offers a preliminary description of that practised by the Sonjo in northern Tanzania. Sonjo irrigation involves simple canals carrying water diverted by stone and brushwood dams from spring-fed streams and rivers. Land is irrigated on floodplain and piedmont slopes, and a wide variety of crops is now grown. There is an established system of water allocation. Sonjo irrigation is an example of hill-furrow irrigation of a kind occurring in several places in East Africa. Fuller information of the extent, organization, management and agronomy of these systems is vital as development initiatives are established which attempt to 'improve' or replicate 'indigenous knowledge' about irrigation.
Malignant Mixed Mullerian Tumours (Carcinosarcoma of Uterine Cervix) (MMMT): Case Report and Review of Literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Carcinosarcoma of the uterine cervix are very rare malignancy of the female reproductive tract with poor prognosis. Only fifty cases have been reported in literature until 2013. We report a 49 years old Para 7 + 3 presenting with vaginal bleeding, offensive discharge with intermittent abdominal pain. On examination an impression of a cervical polyp was made. She had total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingoophorectomy. The histological diagnosis of carcinosarcoma of the uterine cervix was made. She had chemoradiation therapy as adjuvant therapy in view of the diagnosis. Although cancer of the cervix is the second commonest cancer worldwide and the leading cause of cancer death in women, this particular histological variant is very rare, as such no standard protocol of management developed for it yet and it carries a very poor prognosis.
Changes in Properties of Succinate Dehydrogenase during Senescence of Pea Cotyledons

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Comparisons were made between succinate dehydrogenases (EC 1.3.99.1) from 1-day-old and 5-day-old pea cotyledons. The enzyme was loosely bound to the mitochondrial inner membrane in 5-day-old cotyledons, but tightly in 1-day-old cotyledons. In addition, the enzyme partially purified from 5-day-old cotyledons was much more labile than that from 1-day-old cotyledons. Succinate rapidly inactivated partially purified succinate dehydrogenase from 1-day-old cotyledons, but not from 5-day-old cotyledons. Dithiothreitol caused a change in the charge of the enzyme protein from either 1- or 5-day-old cotyledons, only when succinate was present. The enzyme from 5-day-old cotyledons differed from the succinate-induced labile form of the enzyme from 1-day-old cotyledons in electrophoretic properties on a polyacrylamide gel. There was also a difference in the pattern of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis between succinate dehydrogenases partially purified from 1- and 5-day-old cotyleodns. The partially purified enzyme from either 1- or 5-day-old cotyledons in the presence of succinate had a molecular weight of 92,000. The molecular weight of the large subunit was suggested to be 65,000. The partially purified enzyme prepared from 1-day-old cotyledons in the absence of succinate was in a form with a molecular weight of 113,000.
Introduction: Towards a comparative historical dialectology

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this article, we highlight the challenges facing research in the field of comparative historical dialectology, with a focus on morphological and syntactic phenomena. We define the term “historical comparative dialectology” and use four different studies from different varieties to illustrate how the aims of historical comparative dialectology can be approached. The studies consider different varieties and language stages (different dialects of Old and Modern Catalan, the dialectal continuum of Yucatec Maya, historical dialects of High German, different Occitan dialects) and discuss various phenomena from a historical comparative perspective: differential object marking, numeral classifiers, number distinctions of nouns, and inflectional patterns.
The Continuing Fall in Incidence of Hypoxic-Ischaemic Encephalopathy in Term Infants

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An earlier study documented a declining incidence of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in term infants during the years 1984–1988 (period B) compared with what was observed in 1976–1980 (period A). The present study examined the incidence of moderate and severe HIE in the same neonatal unit for the period 1992–1996 (period C). The area of study was a district health authority in central England serving a population of about 450,000. There were similar numbers of births in each of the three 5-year periods, and rates of stillbirth and neonatal mortality consistently declined. The overall rate of HIE in term infants was significantly lower in period C than in period B (19 vs. 4.6 cases per 1000 live births; odds ratio [OR], 0.42). The drop in moderate and severe HIE from period A to period C also was significant (1.2 vs. 2.6 per 1000 live births; OR, 0.46). Cerebral palsy became progressively less frequent over the entire 21-year study period. The overall rate of death fell from 92 percent in period A to 80 percent in period B and to 58 percent in period C. HIE continues to become less frequent in term infants, as do its sequelae (e.g., cerebral palsy). How much cardiotocography and cesarean delivery have contributed to this change remains uncertain. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2000;107:461–466
Understanding the Emotional Experience of Organizational Change: Evidence from a Merger

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The problem and the solution. Organizational changes, especially mergers,are very emotive events.Still,in change models, the role of emotion is rarely discussed. Most of the change literature focuses on rational and cognitive aspects and views emotions merely as human frailty or cause for interference with implementing change.This literature portrays a very limited and superficial understanding of emotions. By drawing on psychological literature on emotion theories,more helpful notions can be developed, such as viewing emotions as an essential part of the working experience. These theoretical developments are exemplified and taken a step further by the results of an explorative study, investigating the emotional experiences of a merger.A framework is developed,which allows researchers to map out the emotional experience more comprehensively.
D-D fusion induced by oxygen clusters impacting deuterated ice targets

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Deuterated ice targets were bombarded by oxygen clusters at incident energies of 115 and 172.5 keV per oxygen atom. The fusion yields were measured by detecting the 3-MeV protons from the D(D,p${)}^{3}$H channel. Comparisons of the fusion yields from clusters with those from single atoms at the same energy per oxygen atom show no evidence of collective enhancement, in disagreement with a recent report [Bae, Beuhler, Chu, Friedlander, and Friedman, Phys. Rev. A 48, 4461 (1993)].
LoTLIP: Improving Language-Image Pre-training for Long Text Understanding

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Understanding long text is of great demands in practice but beyond the reach of most language-image pre-training (LIP) models. In this work, we empirically confirm that the key reason causing such an issue is that the training images are usually paired with short captions, leaving certain tokens easily overshadowed by salient tokens. Towards this problem, our initial attempt is to relabel the data with long captions, however, directly learning with which may lead to performance degradation in understanding short text (e.g., in the image classification task). Then, after incorporating corner tokens to aggregate diverse textual information, we manage to help the model catch up to its original level of short text understanding yet greatly enhance its capability of long text understanding. We further look into whether the model can continuously benefit from longer captions and notice a clear trade-off between the performance and the efficiency. Finally, we validate the effectiveness of our approach using a self-constructed large-scale dataset, which consists of 100M long caption oriented text-image pairs. Our method demonstrates superior performance in long-text-image retrieval tasks. The project page is available at https://wuw2019.github.io/lot-lip.
Prison gangs in South Africa: A description

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Very little has been reported on prison gangs outside the United States of America and, judging from the available literature, prison gangs may be mistaken for a particularly American phenomenon. However, the non-reporting of the phenomenon in other countries does not necessarily preclude its existence in those countries. Prison gangs occur in parts of the South African prison system, particularly among Black and Coloured males in maximum security institutions. In order to make material available for cross-cultural or cross-national analyses, the origins of South African ‘number’ gangs are traced and the structure and functions of the gangs described. Some comparisons are drawn with American counterparts. It is tentatively concluded that the ‘deprivation’ (functional) model on patterns of response to imprisonment (or prisoner subculture) is too limited to explain the origin of prison gangs and that the ‘importation’ model is more appropriate. However, the closed paradigm (functional) perspective may be useful in explaining the maintenance of gangs in prison.
Comparison of wide field imaging by nurses with indirect ophthalmoscopy by ophthalmologists for retinopathy of prematurity: a diagnostic accuracy study

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Objectives Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative disease of the preterm retina with the potential to cause irreversible blindness. Timely screening and treatment of ROP are critical. Neonatal nurses trained in wide field digital retinal photography (WFDRP) for screening may provide a safe and effective strategy to reduce the burden of ophthalmologists in performing binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy (BIO). The objective of the study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of WFDRP in the diagnosis of referral warranting ROP (RWROP). Design Prospective diagnostic accuracy study. Setting A tertiary neonatal intensive care unit in Perth, Western Australia. Participants Preterm infants who fulfilled the Australian ROP screening criteria (gestational age (GA) <31 weeks, birth weight (BW) <1250 g). Intervention Sets of 5–6 images per eye (index test) were obtained within 24–48 hours prior to or after the BIO (reference standard), and uploaded onto a secured server. A wide field digital camera (RetCam, Natus, Pleasanton, California, USA) was used for imaging. A paediatric ophthalmologist performed the BIO. The ophthalmologists performing BIO versus reporting the images were masked to each other’s findings. Primary outcome The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used as a measure of accuracy of WFDRP to diagnose RWROP. Results A total of 85 infants (mean BW; 973.43 g, mean GA; 29 weeks) underwent a median of two sessions of WFDRP. There were 188 episodes of screening with an average of five images per eye. WFDRP identified RWROP in 7.4% (14/188 sessions) of examinations. In one infant, BIO showed bilateral plus disease and WFDRP did not pick up the plus disease. WFDRP image interpretation had a sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 94.5% for the detection of RWROP. The ‘area under the ROC curve’ was 88% when adjusted for covariates. Conclusions WFDRP by neonatal nurses was feasible and effective for diagnosing RWROP in our set up. Trial registration number ACTRN12616001386426.