jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Magnetization reversal in magnetic half-balls influenced by shape perturbations

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The magnetization reversal dynamics of three-dimensional (3D) ferromagnetic permalloy half-balls has been examined using micromagnetic simulations and finite element methods. The comparison between disturbed and nondisturbed sample shapes enabled observations of the nature of switching, types of oscillations, and times of reversal, triggered by an externally applied magnetic field.
Rapid and effective DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction directly from paraffin-embedded tissue

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A large number of archival paraffin-embedded tissue banks have been established during diagnostic surgical pathology, forming a precious resource of tissues for retrospective molecular studies of cancer and a variety of other diseases. Extraction of DNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples was previously accomplished. However, this procedure is labor intensive, time-consuming and expensive. This study demonstrated the successful use and optimization of a rapid, reliable and effective protocol for DNA amplification directly from paraffin-embedded tissue eliminating the deparaffinization and DNA isolation steps. In the course of this study effectiveness of a commercially available, ready-to-use PCR master mix kit was also tested. Once the presented protocol for DNA amplification is applied correctly, large quantities of paraffin-embedded material stored in our pathology departments will be available for molecular diagnostics and research.
The Global Crisis and Academic Communication: The Challenge of Social Networks in Research

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The global economic crisis is seriously affecting academic research. The situation is provoking some big changes and an \nurgent need to seek alternatives to traditional models. It is as if the academic community was reinventing itself; and this reinvention \nis happening online. Faced with a lack of funding, researchers have determined to help each other develop their projects and they are \ndoing so on social knowledge networks that they have created for this mission. The purpose of this paper is to analyze different \nsocial networks designed for academic online research. To this end, we have made a selection of these networks and established the \nparameters for their study in order to determine what they consist of, what tools they make use of, what advantages they offer and \nthe degree to which they are bringing about a revolution in how research is carried out. This analysis is conducted from both a \nqualitative and a quantitative perspective, allowing us to identify the percentage of these networks that approach what would be the \nideal social knowledge network. As we will be able to confirm, the closer they are to this ideal, the more effective they will be and \nthe better future they will have, which will also depend on the commitment of users to participation and the quality of their \ncontributions.
Immunization with Epi8 fiber-modified Ad vectors induces anti-<i>P. aeruginosa</i> cellular immunity.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

<p>BALB/c mice were immunized via the intramuscular route with the fiber-modified Ad vectors AdZ.F(CD)Epi8, AdZ.F(DE)Epi8, AdZ.F(FG)Epi8, AdZ.F(HI)Epi8 and AdZ.F(CT)Epi8, the hexon-modified AdZ.HxEpi8, AdOprF or AdZ (all 10<sup>10</sup> pu/mouse) and boosted with the same vectors at 2 and 5 wk. Splenic CD4 and CD8 T cells were isolated 7 days following the last administration and incubated <i>in vitro</i> with syngeneic DC pulsed with recombinant OprF or DC alone. IL-4 and IFN-γ were determined by ELISPOT assay. <b>A.</b> CD4 IFN-γ; <b>B.</b> CD4 IL-4; <b>C.</b> CD8 IFN-γ. The data represent the mean of pooled cells from five mice per group from three separate experiments ± SEM. * denotes p<0.05, AdOprF compared to all others. § denotes p<0.05, AdZ.F(FG)Epi8 or AdZ.F(HI)Epi8 compared to AdZ, AdZ.F(CD)Epi8, AdZ.F(DE)Epi8, AdZ.F(CT)Epi8 or AdZ.HxEpi8.</p>
Using Evolutional Properties of Gene Networks in Understanding Survival Prognosis of Glioblastoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Previously, we investigated survival prognosis of glioblastoma by applying a gene regulatory approach to a human glioblastoma dataset. Here, we further extend our understanding of survival prognosis of glioblastoma by refining the network inference technique we apply to the glioblastoma dataset with the intent of uncovering further topological properties of the networks. For this study, we modify the approach by specifically looking at both positive and negative correlations separately, as opposed to absolute correlations. There is great interest in applying mathematical modeling approaches to cancer cell line datasets to generate network models of gene regulatory interactions. Analysis of these networks using graph theory metrics can identify genes of interest. The principal approach for modeling microarray datasets has been to group all the cell lines together into one overall network, and then, analyze this network as a whole. As per the previous study, we categorize a human glioblastoma cell line dataset into five categories based on survival data, and analyze each category separately using both negative and positive correlation networks constructed using a modified version of the WGCNA algorithm. Using this approach, we identified a number of genes as being important across different survival stages of the glioblastoma cell lines.
Comparison of Lecture and Computer-Based Methods for Hearing Conservation Instruction: Implications for Secondary Education

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Research indicates that children and young adults are at risk for noise-induced hearing loss and can benefi t from hearing conservation instruction. The purpose of this study was to examine participant learning about hearing conservation topics, including background information (e.g., anatomy and physiology) and hearing conservationspecifi c content (e.g., hearing loss prevention), as presented through a lecture vs. a computer-based format and assessed by a 20-point post-instruction exam. The results indicated greater learning of background content for lecture instruction, but no difference between instructional modes for hearing conservation-specifi c material. These data are discussed in terms of implications for secondary education.
Equilibrium states for interval maps: The potential - t log

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let f: I → I be a C 2 multimodal interval map satisfying polynomial growth of the derivatives along critical orbits. We prove the existence and uniqueness of equilibrium states for the potential φ t: x → -tlog \\Df(x)\\ for t close to 1, and also that the pressure function t → P(φ t) is analytic on an appropriate interval near t = 1. © 2009 Société Mathématique de France.
Performance analysis of New Assets projects at TenneT: A scenario-based simulation study

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Research that evaluates New Assets projects for TenneT TSO. This research combines modelling techniques of a Design Structure Matrix (DSM) and a discrete-event simulation based on a stochastic processing network, to be able to effectively evaluate different project approaches in order to improve the efficiency and the predictability of the approach. The resulting model gives the possibility to include external inputs, rework activities, parallel activities and priority projects.
Characterization of Plasma Cell-Free DNA Variants as of Tumor or Clonal Hematopoiesis Origin in 16,812 Advanced Cancer Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose: Plasma-based liquid biopsy tests can detect tumor-specific genetic alterations and offer many advantages that complement tissue-based comprehensive genomic profiling. However, age-related clonal hematopoiesis (CH) mutations can confound liquid biopsy results and potentially lead to incorrect therapy choice. Experimental Design: We assessed the landscape of 16,812 liquid profiles across 49 cancer types using the Caris Assure assay, a whole-exome and whole-transcriptome next-generation sequencing workflow that independently sequences both plasma-derived cell-free total nucleic acids and the white blood cell DNA and RNA from the buffy coat. The variant source was identified algorithmically by comparing plasma and buffy coat variant frequency and read quality metrics. Results: Of 16,812 patients, 42.3% presented at least one CH variant among reportable clinical genes. We found 39% of BRCA2 variants to be of CH origin, as well as 37.9% of CHEK2, 27.4% of BRCA1, 20.1% of ATM, 7.3% of NRAS, 5.8% of BRAF, 2.1% of EGFR, 2.1% of KRAS, and 18.5% of TP53. For patients aged 65 to 69 years, the median proportion of CH variant classification was 20%, whereas it was 33% for patients aged 70 to 74 years, 33% for ages 75 to 79 years, and 50% for ages 80+ years. We found high rates of CH detected in what would be otherwise druggable targets in many cancer types typically treated with PARP inhibitors, including breast, female genital tract, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate, and endometrial cancers. Conclusions: This large study highlights the need for thorough CH classification during liquid biopsy to appropriately recommend therapies, especially PARP inhibitors. See related commentary by Bernard and Micol, p. 2545
Liver disease and ammonia intoxication

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The relation between ammonia intoxication and liver disease is not clear. Ammonia appears to be relatively non-toxic to normal individuals, whereas some patients with liver disease appear to be exquisitely sensitive to dietary protein, ammonia-releasing substances, and ammonium salts. In an attempt to elucidate this relationship the intravenous LD 50 of ammonium chloride was determined in both normal mice and in those with liver disease produced by a variety of means. Parenchymal damage was created by acute and chronic carbon tetrachloride intoxication, a low-protein, lipotrope-deficient diet, and mouse hepatitis virus. Mice in which the portal vein had been partially ligated and those infected with Schistosoma mansoni developed portal-systemic collateral circulation. Groups of these mice were placed on high-protein diets and ammonia drinking water for periods as long as two months. A combination of both parenchymal damage and collateral circulation was induced in mice either by bile duct ligation or by a combination of schistosomiasis and acute carbon tetrachloride intoxication. When the above groups of mice with liver disease were compared with normal control mice in the same weight range, the LD 50 of ammonium chloride showed no striking change.
The arrival of Cacyreus marshalli Butler, 1898 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae, Polyommatinae) in Crete, with additional notes on range expansion in Greece and along coastal areas of northwestern Turkey

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In recent decades, the introduced lycaenid Cacyreus marshalli has received much attention because of the damage caused to ornamental species of Geranium and Pelargonium following the species' rapid spread from Mallorca to many other areas of the Mediterranean and to mainland Europe. Concerns have been expressed that native Geraniaceae and those lepidopteran species using these as hostplants, might be at some risk. In this paper, we demonstrate further range expansion in the eastern Mediterranean countries of Greece and Turkey, note that little if any evidence is available to indicate any threat to native Geraniaceae and, perhaps for the first time, consider that the damage now being caused has fallen to acceptable levels. Taken together, current experience appears to imply that C. marshalli might soon become regarded as a welcome addition to the Palaearctic fauna.
Te Pihopatanga o Aotearoa Liturgical Theologies: The Theological Impact of 'Word Changes' in te reo Maori liturgical texts of Te Pihopatanga o Aotearoa

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The focus of this thesis is the theological impact of 'word changes' that are in Te Pīhopatanga ō Aotearoa (abbreviated as Te Pīhopatanga) te reo Māori / Māori language liturgical texts. This research is contextual because it has a specific Māori Aotearoa/New Zealand focus. It is liturgical because it focuses on te reo Māori liturgical texts. It is theological as well for te reo Māori 'word changes' are interpreted and evaluated for their theological impact. I develop an analytical framework to identify, interpret and evaluate the word changes and their theologies. The framework is made relevant to the Māori and Christian context of Te Pīhopatanga. In the process of identifying the word changes I note the existence of a complex relationship between Te Pīhopatanga liturgists and the wider Māori community. This relationship is explored and aspects from this exploration are considered in the theological interpretation and evaluation of the word changes. In that interpretation and evaluation several theological tensions are identified in some of the experimental texts. The outcome of such tensions is a number of 'questionable theologies' that inadvertently receive a form of Te Pīhopatanga validation. This research then proposes that theological tensions should be addressed by Te Pīhopatanga community at the liturgical experimentation stage. I propose strategies and tools to further develop the management of liturgical experimentation. I envisage this as a Te Pīhopatanga community engagement in theological self-empowerment. The proposals are drawn from a Te Pīhopatanga context. Liturgical theological insights are aligned to Te Pīhopatanga context. An outcome that emerges from the process of concentrating on 'word changes' in a te reo Māori liturgical text is a Te Pīhopatanga liturgical theological method of identifying and evaluating Te Pīhopatanga liturgical theologies.
Cross-border transfer of company’s seat and exit taxation in the European Union

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Company's cross-border transfer of seat represents a controversial issue in the EU because of the differences in Member States’ national legislation on conflict-of-laws and substantive issues. Therefore, the ECJ has dealt with the problem of company's cross- border transfer of real seat in its judgments. ECJ’s case law distinguishes cases of immigration from the cases of companies’ emigration. EU secondary legislation regulates cross-border transfer of registered seat of supranational companies and cross-border mergers of companies. Further obstacle to corporate mobility originates from the application of exit taxes in some Member States, which induces significant costs for cross-border mobility of companies. While exit taxation is regarded as a tool for protection of fiscal sovereignty of home Member States, a question arises as to whether exit taxes are compatible with the freedom of establishment in EU internal market. The ECJ dealt with this problem in the famous National Grid Indus case (C-371/10). It held that the imposition of the exit tax was justified by the overriding reasons of public policy (preservation of the allocation of taxing powers between Member States). On the other hand, it also held that a Member State should offer corporate taxpayers a choice between immediate taxation and tax deferral, whereby it is necessary to take into account subsequent decreases in value. Main aim of this paper is to analyse the limitations that primary and secondary EU legislation place upon Member States’ domestic provisions regulating cross-border transfer of seat, including relevant tax provisions. Particular attention is also given to the legal framework in the Republic of Croatia, newest EU Member State.
A multiblock generalized forward‐backward method

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In a previous work, the generalized forward‐backward (GFB) method has been proposed to obtain the scattering from targets on rough ocean‐like surfaces. In this paper a generalization of the GFB method is presented which allows larger targets and multiple targets to be handled efficiently. The solution is based on a multiblock resolution of each target which is divided into a set of small subregions (blocks). The solution is obtained via a standard method of moments matrix factorization for the small blocks, combined with a conventional forward‐backward iterative procedure to account both for the interactions between blocks and for the regions without obstacles. A relaxation parameter is also introduced to improve convergence. The proposed method provides a general formulation completely independent of the number, the size and the position of the obstacles over the sea surface and allows a significant reduction in the computational and storage costs.
[Place of hemocarboperfusion and hyperbaric oxygenation in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis with systemic symptoms].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Altogether 12 patients were treated by the hemocarboperfusion method and 20 patients with systemic symptoms by the hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) method. Positive results were obtained and it made it possible to recommend the above methods for multimodality therapy of patients with rheumatoid arthritis with systemic symptoms. A severe, rapidly progressive course of rheumatoid arthritis with the development of various systemic symptoms, a high titer of the rheumatoid factor should serve as an indication for hemocarboperfusion. HBO is found appropriate in such systemic symptoms as ischemic polyneuropathy, digital arteritis, trophic ulcers and Raynaud's syndrome.
Effect of low temperature and low light treatment on the coupling state of cucumber thylakoid membrane

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In contrast to treatment with low temperature and darkness,treatment of cucumber leaves with low temperature and low light reduced oxygen evolution activity dramatically.While 2 ℃ darkness for 6.5 h reduced cucumber leaf oxygen evolution activity to 66% of pre-treatment,2 ℃ treatment in 35 μmol/(m 2·s) reduced to -50% of that of the control.The results indicated that illumination with 100 μmol/(m 2·s) superimposed on 5 ℃ low temperature made millisecond delayed emission (ms-DLE) from cucumber leaf decrease significantly,that the chloroplants isolated from such treated leaves showed electron transport rate of PSⅠ and PSⅠ+PSⅡ increased.Their uncoupled Hill reaction activity with NH 4Cl was nearly equal to basic Hill reaction activity without NH 4Cl and coupled Hill reaction activity with addition of ADP+Pi.In addition,chloroplasts from thus treated leaves almost lost the ability to quench 9-AA flourescence.It is concluded that thylakoids from cucumber leaves treated with low temperature and low light were in uncoupled state.
Research Development of Intelligent Drug Controlled Release System——Chemical Stimulus Responsive Drug Controlled Release System

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This paper reviews recent research results of physical stimulus responsive hydrogel and its applications in drug-controlled release,which is respondent to the external stimulus such as temperature,light,electric field,magnetic field,ultrasonic wave.The structure and responsive mechanism of responsible hydrogels are also discussed in this paper.
Observations of short time scale variability of the Jovian UV aurora and simulation of morphological patterns

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A database of far ultraviolet auroral images collected with the Faint Object Camera and Wide Field Planetary Camera (WFPC2) on board the Hubble Space Telescope has been constructed over the last five years. Some morphological features are recurrent but significant time variations are also observed. A set of WFPC2 images obtained in May 1997 shows that, within a relatively stable general morphology, variations occur inside the polar cap in 4 minutes or less, implying short timescale acceleration processes. A model simulating Earth view of auroral arcs and diffuse emissions in the north polar region has been developed. Simple geometric cases are described to illustrate the dependence on the altitude, atmospheric scale height and central meridian planetary longitude of an idealized auroral morphology seen from Earth orbit. The numerical simulation makes it possible to assess the importance of limb brightening and the contribution from high altitude auroral emission located behind the planetary limb. As an application, four images obtained with WFPC2 are used to determine the characteristics of their auroral (discrete and diffuse) structures. The apparent brightness distribution along the arcs may only be reproduced if intrinsic longitudinal (or local time) variations are introduced, in addition to the path length effects of the viewing geometry.
Food insecurity among the elderly: cross-sectional study with soup kitchen users

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether food insecurity is associated with the demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and health conditions of the elderly. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 427 elderly (³60 years) from Campinas, São Paulo; half were users of a government-run soup kitchen and the others, their neighbors of the same sex. Food insecurity was measured by the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Univariate multinomial logistic regression was used for calculating the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval to measure the association between the independent variables and food insecurity. Variables with p<0.20 were included in a multinomial model, and only those with p<0.05 remained. RESULTS: Most respondents (63.2%) were males; 15.2% and 6.6% were experiencing mild and moderate/severe food insecurity, respectively. The final model, adjusted for sex and age, showed that elderly with a total family income ≤2 minimum salaries (OR=3.41, 95%CI=1.27-9.14), who did not have a job (OR=2.95, 95%CI=1.23-7.06), and who were obese (OR=2.01, 95%CI=1.04-3.87) were more likely to be mildly food insecure. Elderly with cancer (OR=4.13, 95%CI=1.21-14.0) and those hospitalized in the past year (OR=3.16, 95%CI=1.23-8.11) were more likely to be moderately/severely food insecure. Finally, elderly living in unfinished houses (OR=2.71; and OR=2.92) and who did not consume fruits (OR=2.95 and OR=4.11) or meats daily (OR=2.04 and OR=3.83) were more likely to be mildly and moderately/severely food insecure. CONCLUSION: Food insecure elderly are more likely to have chronic diseases, poor nutritional status, and poor socioeconomic condition. Therefore, the welfare programs should expand the number of soup kitchens and develop other strategies to assure adequate nutrition to these elderly.