jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Impact of Visual Field Testing on Intraocular Pressure Change Trends in Healthy People and Glaucoma Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose . To compare the impact of visual field (VF) testing on intraocular pressure (IOP) change trends between healthy subjects and glaucoma patients. Methods . We recruited healthy volunteer subjects who did not have previous ocular diseases and open-angle glaucoma patients who were medically controlled well. IOP in both eyes of each participant was measured by using a noncontact tonometer at five time points: before, immediately after (0 minute), and 10, 30, and 60 minutes after the standard automated perimetry. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the effect of VF testing on IOP change trends in healthy and glaucoma eyes. Results . Forty healthy subjects (80 eyes) and 31 open-angle glaucoma patients (62 eyes) were included for the study. The baseline IOP of healthy and glaucoma eyes was 16.11 ± 3.01 mmHg and 15.78 ± 3.57 mmHg, respectively. After the VF testing, the IOP in healthy eyes was decreased by 1.5% at 0 minute, 6.5% at 10 minutes (P<0.001), 6.6% at 30 minutes (P<0.001), and 7.0% at 1 hour (P<0.001), indicating that this reduction was sustained for at least 1 hour. However, the IOP in glaucoma eyes was increased by 12.7% at 0 minute (P<0.001) and, then, returned towards initial values 1 hour after the VF testing. Conclusions . IOP change trends after VF field testing between healthy subjects and glaucoma patients were quite different. VF testing led to a mild and relatively sustained IOP decrease in healthy subjects, whereas IOP in open-angle glaucoma patients tended to significantly increase immediately after VF testing and, then, returned to pretest values after 1 hour. These findings indicate that the factors of VF testing should be considered in the clinical IOP measurements.
Synthetic Studies Towards Caulophyllumine and its Derivatives

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx. (Blue Cohosh) is a popular herb, roots and rhizomes of which have been extensively used for women's health [1] and it is also considered a poisonous plant. A detailed phytochemical analysis revealed that alkaloids and saponins are the major components responsible for its pharmacological effects. In addition to their biological activity, recently we have demonstrated that the piperidine alkaloid isolated from Blue Cohosh, Caulophyllumine B inhibits the major drug metabolizing P450 (Cyp450) enzymes [2]. In continuation of our efforts in safety and efficacy of dietary supplements, we need Caulophyllumine B and its analogs. To achieve these piperidine based alkaloids here we propose and demonstrate a four step synthesis starting from commercially available 2-piperidinone. Furthermore, the flexibility of the current strategy to introduce any substituted aromatic ring attached to piperidine scaffold allows construction of various structurally similar natural products and its analogs. Our synthetic strategy and the full chemical details will be presented.
Feed Resources Potential, and Nutritional Quality of Major Feed Stuffs in the Three Agro-Ecological Zone of Mixed Farming System in Arsi Zone, Ethiopia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The poor nutritional quality of feed resources is one of the major constraints to optimize livestock productivity in the mixed farming systems of the country; however, there is lack of information on the nutritional quality of feeds utilized in the area.Thus this study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition of the livestock feed resources in the three agro-ecologies and farming systems of Arsi zone.Using stratified purposive sampling technique, 150 households who owned cattle were selected from three agro-ecologies to assess feed resources potential and to evaluate the nutritional quality majorly used feed resources.Structured questionnaire and field observation were used to
Phytophthora infestans population structure: a worldwide scale

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight disease in potato and other members of the Solanaceae family, is responsible for causing the Irish potato famine and, even today, it causes enormous economic losses all over the world. For the establishment of an adequate pest management strategy, the determination of population structure is required. To characterize P. infestans populations worldwide two allozymes, Gpi (Glucose-6-phospate isomerase) and Pep (Peptidase), the RG57 DNA RFLP fingerprinting probe, as well as resistance to the fungicide metalaxyl and the mating type, have been used as markers. P. infestans populations in Mexico have been one of the main focuses of research in the population biology of this pathogen because this country has been considered as one of the possible centers of origin of this oomycete. In this review we present the population structure of P. infestans in Mexico, Europe, Africa, Asia, North America, and South America expanding on the present situation of P. infestans in Colombia. Finally, we will discuss different lines of research that are being carried out today with respect to P. infestans in Colombia, which have shown the importance of continuing the study of this devastating plant pathogen in our country.
RESEARCH ARTICLE International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences ROLE OF XANTHINE OXIDASE, LIPID PEROXIDATION AND URIC ACID IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of our study is to determine the effects of alcohol intake and cigarette smoking on the activity of Xanthine oxidase (XO), Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and Uric acid in patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI). This study includes 60 patients of AMI [smokers (n=15), non-smokers (n=15), alcoholics (n=15) and non-alcoholics (n=15)] and 30 normal controls. Xanthine oxidase, Lipid peroxidation and Uric acid levels in smokers, nonsmokers, alcoholics, non-alcoholics and controls are (34.6±2.9,
Risk assessment of cartilaginous fish populations

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We review three broad categories of risk assessment methodology used for cartilaginous fish: productivity-susceptibility analysis (PSA), demographic methods, and quantitative stock assessments. PSA is generally a semi-quantitative approach useful as an exploratory or triage tool that can be used to prioritize research, group species with similar vulnerability or risk, and provide qualitative management advice. Demographic methods are typically used in the conservation arena and provide quantitative population metrics that are used to quantify extinction risk and identify vulnerable life stages. Stock assessments provide quantitative estimates of population status and the associated risk of exceeding biological reference points, such as maximum sustainable yield. We then describe six types of uncertainty (process, observation, model, estimation, implementation, and institutional) that affect the risk assessment process, identify which of the three risk assessment methods can accommodate each type of uncertainty, and provide examples mostly for sharks drawn from our experience in the United States. We also review the spectrum of stock assessment methods used mainly for sharks in the United States, and present a case study where multiple methods were applied to the same species (dusky shark, Carcharinus obscurus) to illustrate differing degrees of model complexity and type of uncertainty considered. Finally, we address the common and problematic case of data-poor bycatch species. Our main recommendation for future work is to use Management Strategy Evaluation or similar simulation approaches to explore the effect of different sources of uncertainty, identify the most critical data to satisfy predetermined management objectives, and develop harvest control rules for cartilaginous fish. We also propose to assess the performance of data-poor and -rich methods through stepwise model construction.
Strategies for Time Management Challenges of the First-Year Secondary School Music Educator

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Despite the number of first-year music educators, there is a lack of research on the challenges of time management that first-year teachers face. Time management affects first-year secondary music teachers in areas that challenge their success in the classroom. This study recovered first-year music educators’ perspectives and experiences in the music classroom, specifically regarding time management challenges. Guided by Husserl’s phenomenological research model, this qualitative phenomenological research study identified perspectives that must be explored and documented concerning first-year music educators’ time management challenges. Perspectives on lesson planning, classroom management, and mentor assistance have emerged as themes through studying a small amount of existing literature and personal interviews with first-year secondary school music teachers. First-year secondary music educators illustrated their experiences by participating in a survey about their time management experience. This work was essential because time management is vital for the success of first-year music educators, which will lead to longevity in the profession. Since the future of music education depends on music educators, this study and the challenges of time management in the music classroom could benefit the longevity of music educators in the profession. This study and the experiences of first-year secondary music educators could encourage further research by other phenomenological researchers to apply this research method to classroom management, pre-service preparation, and mental health.
Alpha-rhythm stimulation using brain entrainment enhances heart rate variability in subjects with reduced HRV

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In the present research, we have used the brain en- trainment (BWE) treatment simultaneously record- ing time series data of R-R intervals of the ECG dur- ing rest condition. In detail, we have used alpha brain stimulation and we have found that it induces an en- hancement of HRV, particularly in Total Variability and Vagal Modulation activities. The experiment has been performed by us on ten subjects with age rang- ing from 20 to 70 years old. The risk induced from low HRV is by this time well known in literature. Therefore, the obtained result promises to be of valu- able interest not only in terms of the basic neurologi- cal investigation but also because it delineates new possibilities in terms of clinical application.
N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Stereoselective [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of N,N′-Cyclic Azomethine Imines with Aryl Acetaldehydes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A highly stereoselective [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of N,N'-cyclic azomethine imines with aryl acetaldehydes enabled by a chiral N-heterocyclic carbene catalyst is accomplished, giving efficient access to a plethora of enantioenriched N,N'-bicyclic pyrazolidinones featuring aromatic substituents at the C2 position. The current strategy can be directly conducted on a gram scale, and the product could be further reduced to bicyclic pyrazolidine without loss of enantiopurity.
Broadening Place-Based Jobs Policies: How to Both Target Job Creation and Broaden its Reach

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Many places in the United States are distressed in that they have low “employment rates” (employment to population ratios). In my recent report for the Brookings Metro Policy program (Bartik 2020b), I proposed helping the most distressed local labor markets, comprising 15 percent of the U.S. population, by a federal block grant of $11 billion annually to provide public services to create local jobs. The present policy paper outlines how this block grant can be broadened, while remaining targeted. The block grant is broadened by adding $3 billion for more moderately distressed local labor markets, comprising an additional 15 percent of the U.S. population. In addition, the block grant is broadened by adding $4.8 billion for distressed neighborhoods, with about 10 percent of the U.S. population, to better link neighborhood residents with jobs.
Setting a New Course: Understanding Districtwide Change Under a New Superintendent

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

School districts are searching out ways to address the achievement gap by launching system wide reform initiatives. There is a growing body of research indicating the need for a district wide approach to implementing change initiatives where the responsibility does not lie solely on school sites (McLaughlin & Talbert, 2003). In response to the increasing demands of the position, there has been a marked rise in the turnover rates of superintendents, and yet reform efforts rely heavily on the leadership provided by this position to lead a district in a new direction to address student success for all. Districts that have found success in positively impacting student achievement have implemented changes that provided opportunities for learning through meaningful professional development, collaboration within and across the system, and a redefining of leadership roles. Within the organizational landscape of a district, the superintendent, district leaders, and central office administrators are in a unique position of having the potential to play an integral role in the change process. They have access to many groups across the system, and can facilitate and support the learning required to successfully implement the change effort systemically. Sociocultural learning theory provides a lens to examine existing communities of practice and offers insight into the learning that occurs through the interactions that occur among work groups. These communities of practice offer a possible vehicle for the teaching and learning required to implement any given reform initiative. This research study seeks to identify how a new superintendent develops, diffuses, and enacts a systemic change effort across the district and the factors that support or constrain the required learning and the development of communities of practice during these initial phases
Effect of Diets Supplemented with Palm Oil and Corn Oil on Rumen Fermentation in Dairy Cows

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This experiment is to study the effects of the diets supplemented with palm oil,corn oil on Rumen indexes in dairy cows.Experiment with 3×3 Latin square design,chose 3 Holstein cows with the similar age,parity,body weight and the health,and permanent rumen fistulas.Test diets are in the basic diet,basic diet +200g palm oil and based diet +200g corn oil.The results showed that: pH values of palm oil group and corn oil group at different time points were higher than the control group(P0.05).NH3-N concentrations of Palm oil group and corn oil group at different time points were slightly higher,but did not reach significant level(P0.05).Supplemental palm oil,corn oil has no significant difference on the cow rumen acetic acid,propionic acid,butyric acid concentration(P0.05).The degradation rate of DM of Palm oil,and corn oil at all time points were lower than the control group,in 24 hours when the palm oil group,corn oil group,respectively,compared with the control group decreased by 8.8%,14.0%,but did not reach significant level(P0.05).Palm oil group,corn oil group and the control group at different time points,NDF,ADF degradation rates were not significantly different(P0.05).Description add palm oil,corn oil for dairy cows without adverse effects.
Sound Velocities for Dissolving AgI + LiCl Melts

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The ultrasonic velocities of a molten stratified mixture at a molar ratio of 0.3AgI and 0.7LiCl (the composition corresponding to the top of the miscibility gap) were measured along the saturation line over a wide temperature range using the pulse method to establish the characteristics of mixing salts comprising different chemical bonds. It is shown that the coefficients of the temperature dependences for the sound velocities in the coexisting phases have opposite signs as a result of the superposition of the temperature and concentration factors. It is found that the difference, Δu, between the magnitudes of the sound velocities for the coexisting phases decreases with increasing temperature and becomes zero at 1250 K. This temperature corresponds to the critical phase transition point, Tc. The temperature dependence of the sound velocity difference, Δu, for the system studied is described by the equation Δu ≈ (Tc – T)β, where β = 0.900, which is close to the value 0.896 obtained for the previously investigated AgI+NaCl melt but is less than the value found for alkali halide melts (β = 1.02), in which long-range Coulomb forces between ions prevail. The results are discussed in terms of the peculiarity of the chemical bond in silver iodide.
Glauber versus Kawasaki for spectral gap and logarithmic Sobolev inequalities of some unbounded conservative spin systems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Inspired by the recent results of C. Landim, G. Panizo and H.-T. Yau [LPY] on spectral gap and logarithmic Sobolev inequalities for unbounded conservative spin systems, we study uniform bounds in these inequalities for Glauber dynamics of Hamiltonian of the form V(x_1) + ... + V(x_n) + V(M-x_1 -...-x_n), (x_1,...,x_n) in R^n Specifically, we examine the case V is strictly convex (or small perturbation of strictly convex) and, following [LPY], the case V is a bounded perturbation of a quadratic potential. By a simple path counting argument for the standard random walk, uniform bounds for the Glauber dynamics yields, in a transparent way, the classical L^{-2} decay for the Kawasaki dynamics on d-dimensional cubes of length L. The arguments of proofs however closely follow and make heavy use of the conservative approach and estimates of [LPY], relying in particular on the Lu-Yau martingale decomposition and clever partitionings of the conditional measure.
Virulence Genes of E. Coli Isolated from Chickens and Their Resistance to Antibiotics

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Escherichia coli (E. coli) was isolated from broiler chickens from El-Behera governorate. This study was aimed to detect the incidence of five virulence genes and the antibiotic resistance pattern of isolated E.coli. A total of 66 E. coli isolates were isolated from the liver, heart, kidney, and oviduct from broilers suffered from perihepatitis, pericarditis, omphalitis, salpingitis. The isolates were tested for pathogenicity using 5% sheep blood agar and showed 80.3% of the isolates gave alpha hemolysis and 19.7% give beta hemolysis. The isolates were examined for their sensitivity to ten antibiotics. They showed high sensitivity to ciprofloxacin with a percentage of 53.03%, while Ampicillin and Amoxicillin show a higher resistance with a percentage of 59.09% and 56.06%, respectively. On the other hand, the isolates were moderately sensitive to Nitrofurantoin, Neomycin, Tetracycline, Gentamycin, Cephalexin, Kanamycin and Chloramphenicol with percentage 87.87%, 83.33%, 83.33%, 74.25%, 72.72%, 59.09%, and 57.57%, respectively. PCR was performed using PhoA gene for the detection of E. coli that was detected in 31.81% of isolates. PCR also used for detection of five virulence genes PapC, IutA, FimH, Iss, fyuA gene, which were detected in 42.85%, 9.53%, 47.6%, 57.14%, and 33.33%, respectively. It could be concluded that the most effective antibiotic was Ciprofloxacin and avoid using ampicillin and amoxicillin because of the high resistance of bacteria against those antibiotics. The most prevalent gene was Iss which responsible for serum resistance of bacteria followed by FimH, PapC gene which were responsible for adhesion of bacteria.
Chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis in adult leukemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Oral mucositis directly attributable to antileukemia chemotherapy occurs in almost 20% of adults undergoing such treatment. Although the mucositis is self-limited when uncomplicated by infection, the attendant extreme discomfort may produce physical and psychologic obstructions to continued anticancer treatment. Because of the ever-present risk of serious infection, drug-induced stomatitis constitutes a threat to the patient that must be kept under constant surveillance and control.
Deep Light Direction Reconstruction from single RGB images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In augmented reality applications, consistent illumination between virtual and real objects is important for creating an immersive user experience. Consistent illumination can be achieved by appropriate parameterisation of the virtual illumination model, that is consistent with real-world lighting conditions. In this study, we developed a method to reconstruct the general light direction from red-green-blue (RGB) images of real-world scenes using a modified VGG-16 neural network. We reconstructed the general light direction as azimuth and elevation angles. To avoid inaccurate results caused by coordinate uncertainty occurring at steep elevation angles, we further introduced stereographically projected coordinates. Unlike recent deep-learning-based approaches for reconstructing the light source direction, our approach does not require depth information and thus does not rely on special red-green-blue- depth (RGB-D) images as input.
Gianotti-Crosti syndrome: a study of 26 cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We have studied 26 patients presenting with a symmetrical papular or papulovesicular acrolocated eruption of more than 10 days duration. Mean age at onset was 2 years (range 10 months to 5.75 years). Lymphadenopathy was noted in eight cases, and hepatomegaly in one case. In 12 cases, histopathology and direct immunofluorescence were non-contributory. Cytolytic hepatitis occurred in one case and was associated with HBs antigenemia. A history of recent immunization was given in two cases. There was serological evidence of recent Epstein-Barr virus infection in seven out of 13 cases tested. Coxsackie B viruses were isolated from three patients, and cytomegalovirus was probably associated with the syndrome in one case. We conclude that the Gianotti-Crosti syndrome is not rare in France, and that non-hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated cases are more frequent than the classical HBV-associated papular acrodermatitis of childhood.
Feminist Uses for Enchantment: A Gendered Reading of Cristina Pantoja-Hidalgo's Tales for a Rainy Night

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

There are no wicked witches , madwomen or vam pires. The women characters are basically good and when they do turn to witchcraft or madness , it i s to help someone else . In The Uses of Enchantment, Bruno Bettelheim (1978) discusses how fairy tales are of value, psychologically and spiritu ally, to children and adults . Bettelheim lists the following uses of enchantment for children: delight, enlightenment, personality de velopment, imagination, security, and the formation of moral values.