jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Studies on Amino Acid Contents in Food Crops (Part 4)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

1) 芋類 (甘藷および馬鈴薯) につき, 18種アミノ酸を定量した。2) 芋類は, 麦類および雑穀類 (蕎麦を除く) に比較してasparticacid含量が多く, leucine, glutamic acid, proline, methionineおよびcystine含量が少ない傾向を示した。終りに臨み懇篤なる指導を与えられた東京大学教授桜井芳人博士, 終始支援いただいた農林省食糧研究所杉村敬一郎博士に深甚の謝意を表すると共に, 試料の分与を賜った千葉県立農業試験場, 研究に協力下さった農林省食糧研究所星野直司博士に厚く感謝の意を表します。
On Self-Interference Cancellation under the Existence of Desired Signal in In-Band Full-Duplex Communications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We consider self-interference (SI) channel estimation problem for SI cancellation (SIC) in full duplex (FD) radio systems. The SI channel estimation is degraded if the estimation is performed under the existence of desired signal, since desired signal hinders SI channel estimation, and the overall SI cancellation performance is limited. In this paper, we evaluate and analyze the performance degradation and compare this scenario with the offline SI channel estimation.
A Nonorthogonal Error Analysis Method of Triaxial Module Using High-Temperature DC SQUID Magnetometer

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

For its high sensitivity and wide bandwidth, Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) has great advantages in many applications such as biomagnetism, marine electromagnetic detection and submarine communications and so on. However, due to the complexity of environment, the non-orthogonal error of the detection module will have significant impact on the detection results. Among them, the nonorthogonality of the triaxial module to install sensors is one of the important parameters in the detection system. In this paper, the influence of non-orthogonality on static and dynamic sources are given through theoretical derivation and simulation analysis, and the non-orthogonality errors of the triaxial module on one direction were evaluated through experiments using one high temperature DC SQUID. Finally, the non-orthogonality of the module was derived by the result of the experiments. The way of the error analysis in this paper may have a guiding role for the future application of triaxial sensors and the evaluation of the nonorthogonality of triaxial module.
FEATURES OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING SPACE-BASED MICROCHIPS USING CMOS KNS TECHNOLOGY

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The article deals with the technological process of manufacturing CMOS integrated circuits on KNS (silicon on sapphire) structures for space purposes. The technology is based on an n-type CMOS process with one level of polysilicon and two levels of metal. The components of the technological process are analyzed. The sequence of the technological process and its features are given. An example of a description of one of the elements is considered.
Opportunities and Challenges in Human-Swarm Interaction: Systematic Review and Research Implications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We conducted a Systematic Literature Review on scientific papers that examined the interaction between operators and drone swarms based on the use of a command and control center. We present the results of a meta-analysis of nine scientific papers published in the ACM DL and IEEE Xplore databases. Our findings show that research on human-drone swarm interaction shows a disproportionate interest in hand gestures compared to other input modalities for drone swarm control. Furthermore, all articles reviewed exclusively explored gestures and the size of the swarm used in the studies was limited, with a median of 3.0 and an average of 3.8 drones per study. We compiled an inventory of interaction modalities, recognition techniques, and application types from the scientific literature, which is presented in this paper. On the basis of our findings, we propose four areas for future research that can guide scientific investigations and practical developments in this field.
Mathematical Modelling for the Transmission Dynamics of blinding Trachoma

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Trachsummaroma is an eye infectious disease caused by Chlamydia Trachomatis bacterium, which may lead to irreversible blindness. The disease is spread directly or indirectly by contacting a contaminated material. It can also be transmitted through the disease vector known as “Musca sorbens” or “Bazaar fly”. To curtail the spread of the disease in a population, a meaningful information on the spread and possible control of the disease is required. Mathematical modeling provides efficient tools that can be used to understand and analyze the dynamics of the disease and its control. Several compartmental epidemic models have been proposed in the literature to study the dynamics of trachoma; including SI, SIR and SEIR. However, majority of the existing trachoma models consider only person to person transmission. Thus, the information provided by such models is insufficient since they did not capture the disease vector transmission. The current study proposed a novel SEIR-SEI model that consider both person-person and vector transmission dynamics. The threshold quantity, basic reproduction number R0 is obtained using the next generation matrix, and it was proved that the disease-free equilibrium is asymptotically stable when R0 &lt; 1, and the endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable when R0 &gt; 1. Some simulation results with the aid of mesh plots for the reproductive number as a function of two different biological parameters were obtained. Furthermore, a comprehensive sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify the influence of the individual parameters on the R0. Numerical results show that the vector contact rate has the highest sensitivity with respect to R0, and the value of R0 increases with increase in, hence, the disease can be controlled by decreasing the vector contact rate. Similarly, improving the rate of environmental hygiene and facial cleanliness will decrease the size of R0 and result in the declination of the disease transmission. Moreover, a detailed parameter estimation of the model parameters and model fitting was presented with the use of field data cases from Northern Nigeria using least-square fitting method. The study provides alternative tools that can be used for planning trachoma control program to achieve global eradication of trachoma as a public heath challenge as targeted by WHO in 2030.
Combined effects of CO2 enrichment, diurnal light levels and water stress on foliar metabolites of potato plants grown in naturally sunlit controlled environment chambers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Experiments were conducted in outdoor, naturally sunlit, soil–plant–atmosphere research ( SPAR ) chambers using plants grown in pots. Drought treatments were imposed on potato plants ( Solanum tuberosum cv. Kennebec) beginning 10 days after tuber initiation. A total of 23 out of 37 foliar metabolites were affected by drought when measured 11 days after initiating water stress treatments. Compounds that accumulated in response to drought were hexoses, polyols, branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) and aromatic amino acids, such as proline. Conversely, leaf starch, alanine, aspartate and several organic acids involved in respiratory metabolism decreased with drought. Depending upon harvest date, a maximum of 12 and 17 foliar metabolites also responded to either CO 2 enrichment or diurnal treatments, respectively. In addition, about 20% of the measured metabolites in potato leaflets were simultaneously affected by drought, CO 2 enrichment and diurnal factors combined. This group contained BCAAs, hexoses, leaf starch and malate. Polyols and proline accumulated in response to water stress but did not vary diurnally. Water stress also amplified diurnal variations of hexoses and starch in comparison to control samples. Consequently, specific drought responsive metabolites in potato leaflets were dramatically affected by daily changes of photosynthetic carbon metabolism.
Wavelength selection for fiber optic Raman spectroscopy Part 1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Blue wavelength excitation is usually preferred for analytical applications of Raman spectroscopy because of the lambda(-4) dependency of the Raman signal intensity on excitation wavelength. However, for remote Raman measurements using long optical fibers, the transmission spectrum of the fiber should be considered in determining the optimal excitation wavelength. In this note, a quick, approximate approach is developed to determine the optimal excitation wavelength for Raman spectroscopy over optical fibers.
Chronic Nightmares After Severe Burns: Risk Factors and Implications for Treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Although patients frequently experience sleep disturbances and nightmares in the first weeks after a severe burn, information is scarce on the course and prevention of this problem. Prolonged experience of nightmares in adults is one of the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. The aim of this work was to determine risk factors for developing chronic nightmares after severe burns. Personality traits and coping strategies were assessed. As part of a follow-up study of patients treated at the Burn Center at Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, between 1980 and 1995, the questionnaires of 166 patients (34 females, 132 males, average age 50 years, average burn size 25% TBSA, full-thickness burn size 10% TBSA, average time since burn 11.4 years) were analyzed. The effects of individual personality traits and coping strategies on the frequency of nightmares were evaluated by regression analysis. Nightmares were reported by 43% of the patients, by females more frequently than males. The frequency of nightmares was shown to be associated with the size of the full-thickness burn. The use of Avoidance or Revaluation/Adjustment scales as coping strategies and the presence of Somatic Trait Anxiety as a personality trait were associated with a higher frequency of nightmares after correction for gender. In contrast, persons seeking Emotional Support as a coping strategy reported significantly fewer nightmares. Certain personality traits and coping strategies apparently increase the risk of having nightmares after a severe burn. Helping persons at risk develop different coping strategies may be a possible means of prevention or treatment.
Mechanism of Laccase–TEMPO‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The oxidation of benzyl alcohol by air, catalyzed by the organocatalyst TEMPO and the enzyme laccase has been investigated. To establish the kinetically significant pathways and corresponding kinetic parameters, a series of experiments is conducted with synthesized stable oxidized and reduced forms of the organocatalyst, the oxoammonium cation, and hydroxylamine. The time course of TEMPO and its oxidized and reduced derivatives is monitored off line by a combination of GC analysis, UV/Vis spectroscopy, EPR spectroscopy, and FTIR spectroscopy. TEMPO is found to be regenerated through noncatalyzed comproportionation of the oxoammonium cation with hydroxylamine. A kinetic model is presented based on the experimentally determined kinetically significant pathways. The time dependences of the concentrations of the three redox states of TEMPO and benzyl alcohol are adequately described by the model. The results provide new leads for the development of a practical process for a combined laccase–TEMPO‐catalyzed selective oxidation of alcohols.
1-4 Fabrication of multilayered nanostructures for optical elements

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We introduced three types of new mass production methods for optical elements; iterative roller imprint of multilayered nanostructures, single-pass forming of nanostructures, and photolithography with multilayered resist film. In iterative roller imprint of nanostructures, in which two-dimensional structures are formed on a thin polymer sheet by mechanical pressing a nanostructured mold and the imprinted sheet is thermally bonded onto another one, four-layered nanostructures with 800-nm-pitch line-and-space pattern were fabricated. In single-pass forming of nanostructures, in which multilayered films are applied an impulse force by a nanostructured mold and sheared without plastic deformation, SiO_2 thin film was successfully shifted by using single-walled carbon nanotubes as a ground film. In photolithography with multilayered resist film, in which a three-dimensional periodic structure is fabricated from one-dimensional periodic structure of resist/non-resist films by two-dimensional periodic pattern exposure, three-layered nanostructures with 60-μm-pitch line-and-space pattern were fabricated.
Integration of Redstone Arsenal

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

MEMORANDUM FOR Chairman, Education and Training Joint Cross Service Group (E&amp;T JCSG)Chairman, Headquarters and Support Joint Cross Service Group (HSA JCSG) Chairman, Supply and Storage Joint Cross Service Group (S&amp;S JCSG) Chairman, Technical Joint Cross Service Group (TECH JCSG)from Craig College Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army for Infrastructure Analysis.
How to improve the teaching of clinical reasoning: a narrative review and a proposal

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Context The development of clinical reasoning ( CR ) in students has traditionally been left to clinical rotations, which, however, often offer limited practice and suboptimal supervision. Medical schools begin to address these limitations by organising pre‐clinical CR courses. The purpose of this paper is to review the variety of approaches employed in the teaching of CR and to present a proposal to improve these practices. Methods We conducted a narrative review of the literature on teaching CR . To that end, we searched PubMed and Web of Science for papers published until June 2014. Additional publications were identified in the references cited in the initial papers. We used theoretical considerations to characterise approaches and noted empirical findings, when available. Results Of the 48 reviewed papers, only 24 reported empirical findings. The approaches to teaching CR were shown to vary on two dimensions. The first pertains to the way the case information is presented. The case is either unfolded to students gradually – the ‘serial‐cue’ approach – or is presented in a ‘whole‐case’ format. The second dimension concerns the purpose of the exercise: is its aim to help students acquire or apply knowledge, or is its purpose to teach students a way of thinking? The most prevalent approach is the serial‐cue approach, perhaps because it tries to directly simulate the diagnostic activities of doctors. Evidence supporting its effectiveness is, however, lacking. There is some empirical evidence that whole‐case, knowledge‐oriented approaches contribute to the improvement of students’ CR . However, thinking process‐oriented approaches were shown to be largely ineffective. Conclusions Based on research on how expertise develops in medicine, we argue that students in different phases of their training may benefit from different approaches to the teaching of CR .
Common Bile Duct Stricture Caused by Blunt Abdominal Trauma: A Review of Japanese Cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Bile duct stricture after blunt abdominal trauma is a rare but important entity. In this report, we review published Japanese cases including our case to characterize this disease. The case review also showed that jaundice usually appeared around 2 weeks after the trauma. This frequently fluctuated or decreased during admission and workup subsequently revealed an incomplete stenosis in the middle to lower common bile duct. Location of the stenosis and associated encasement of gastroduodenal artery suggested that the mechanism of the injury may be the traction between the liver and retroperitoneal organs during blunt abdominal trauma.
Steroid Receptors in the Pregnant Uterus*

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In this chapter, the author briefly reviews current theories of the mechanism of steroid hormone action. The distribution of estrogen (E) and progesterone (P) receptors in the pregnant uterus, cervix, and placenta is described, followed by a discussion of the changes in E and P receptor concentrations during pregnancy and the initiation of labor. Evidence for the presence of glucocorticoid receptor systems in the uterus and feto-placental unit is described in the context of the possible role of glucocorticoids in the onset of parturition. The hormone-receptor complexes undergo a process termed "activation" that results in an enhanced affinity for chromatin. The binding of the activated receptor to the chromatin leads, through a process that is as yet poorly understood, to the initiation of new nucleic acid and protein synthesis. The methods for measurement and analysis of steroid receptors depend on the reversible binding of radiolabeled ligands to the receptors, with subsequent determination of the macromo-lecular-bound radioactivity.
Clinical and Histopathologic Efficiency of Sucralfate and Ursodeoxicolic Acid in Pediatric Duodenogastric Reflux Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: The treatment approach, long-term consequences and surveillance protocols of duodenogastric reflux disease (DGRD) are not well established in the pediatric population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathological and clinical responses to treatment with Ursodeoxicolic Acid (UDCA) and Sucralfate in children diagnosed with DGRD.Material and Methods: This is a retrospective pre-post design study performed with children admitted to our clinic with reflux symptoms and diagnosed with duodenogastric reflux disease according to endoscopic and histopathologic evaluation. Patients were treated with Sucralfate 60mg/kg/day orally and UDCA at 10 mg/kg/day orally, for 6 months. We compared symptoms/findings, presence of Helicobacter pylori and histopathologic grade of disease before and after treatment.Results: The presence of all symptoms statistically significantly decreased after treatment. The presence of Helicobacter pylori decreased from 43.8% to 21.9%. There was also statistically significantly histopathologic improvement after six-month treatment of Sucrafate and UDCA.Conclusion: Six-month treatment of Sucralfate and UDCA provided valuable improvements in clinical and histopathologic features in pediatric patients with DGRD.
Judicial review of constituency boundaries commissions in the Commonwealth Caribbean

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article explains the constitutional provisions which establish the Commission and examine the powers granted to the Commission to review the number and boundaries of constituencies into which the countries of the Commonwealth Caribbean are divided. Second, it examines the powers and functions of the Commission and explain the process for effecting the recommendations of the Commission after it has deliberated on its constitutional mandate. Third, it explores aspects of judicial review of decisions relating to the Commission by examining the leading cases in the Commonwealth Caribbean where such issues have been explored. Fourth, the grounds on which decisions found in the report of the Commission have been challenged in various cases are examined in light of the common law principles applicable to each ground of judicial review. Fifth, the article analyses the principles which should guide the Commission in the process of delimiting the number and boundaries of constituencies into which the country is divided, namely: the foundational principle of equality of votes based on population; and the requirement of effective representation, and participation as a requirement for democracy. These principles are examined in the context of decisions from the Commonwealth Caribbean against the backdrop of cases from the Commonwealth that have provided guidance on their application.
Completeness of the system of eigenvectors of off-diagonal operator matrices and its applications in elasticity theory

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper deals with off-diagonal operator matrices and their applications in elasticity theory. Two kinds of completeness of the system of eigenvectors are proven, in terms of those of the compositions of two block operators in the off-diagonal operator matrices. Using these results, the double eigenfunction expansion method for solving upper triangular matrix differential systems is proposed. Moreover, we apply the method to the two-dimensional elasticity problem and the problem of bending of rectangular thin plates on elastic foundation.
CAHO-DNFN: ME-Net-based segmentation and optimized deep neuro fuzzy network for brain tumour classification with MRI

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A brain tumour is a deadly syndrome caused due to abnormal and uncontrolled expansion of extra cells that creates several tissues in the brain to affect the nervous system. It rapidly increases the growth of tumour cells and affects the brain by damaging or squeezing healthy tissues. Automatic brain tumour classification was done by conditional aquila horse herd optimization driven deep neuro fuzzy network (CAHO-based DNFN) based on MR image. First, image segmentation is done with a multi-encoder net framework (ME-Net), and features that involve statistical and convolutional neural network (CNN) features are extracted. Then, the ME-Net training is performed using AHO. Utilizing deep neuro fuzzy network (DNFN), which is trained by fusing CAViaR with AO and HOA, tumour classification is carried out utilizing augmented data after the process. The proposed scheme showed outstanding results with the measures, namely testing accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity that acquired the values of 0.915, 0.9 and 0.926, respectively.
Optimal analysis of a multi-server queue with preprocessing time and replenishment inventory

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Recently, e-commerce has had the advantage of lower rental expenses. Convenient online payment has rapidly grown and provides a great business opportunity for enterprises. Inventory management plays a critical role in the competitiveness of most electronic business enterprises. Before the products hit the store shelves or are available online to customers, the quantity and quality of the products should be confirmed and inspected. Thus, in addition to the replenishment lead time, the preprocessing time has essential effects on inventory management. To reduce the inventory cost and determine a proper replenishment policy, we propose a multi-server inventory queue with a preprocessing time, which is seldom mentioned by the existing studies. The steady-state probabilities, system stability conditions, and expressions of several critical system characteristics are derived. Subsequently, the operating cost function is developed to determine the optimal reorder point and an appropriate number of servers with the minimum cost. The established numerical results and sensitivity analysis help managers identify critical variables and enhance operational efficiency.
Comparison of the dimeric structure in wild type and mutant SurEs after structural alignment of A chains.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>A) Superposition of wild type (orange) and H234A (magenta) dimers using only A chain for structural alignment leaves 31° difference in the orientation of B-subunits. A) is shown in two parts corresponding to A and B chains respectively in B) and C). The encircled regions denote the part of the protomer where the mutant structure has departed from the wild type structure. C, T and L denotes the C-terminal helices (residues 227–253), tetramerization loop (residues 179–210) and loop near active site (residues 39–51) respectively.</p>