jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Chimeras of the Native Form or Achondroplasia Mutant (G375C) of Human Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 Induce Ligand-Dependent Differentiation of PC12 Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mutations in the gene for human fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (hFGFR3) cause a variety of skeletal dysplasias, including the most common genetic form of dwarfism, achondroplasia (ACH). Evidence indicates that these phenotypes are not due to simple haploinsufficiency of FGFR3 but are more likely related to a role in negatively regulating skeletal growth. The effects of one of these mutations on FGFR3 signaling were examined by constructing chimeric receptors composed of the extracellular domain of human platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (hPDGFR beta) and the transmembrane and intracellular domains of hFGFR3 or of an ACH (G375C) mutant. Following stable transfection in PC12 cells, which lack platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors, all clonal cell lines, with either type of chimera, showed strong neurite outgrowth in the presence of PDGF but not in its absence. Antiphosphotyrosine immunoblots showed ligand-dependent autophosphorylation, and both receptor types stimulated strong phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase, an event associated with the differentiative response of these cells. In addition, ligand-dependent phosphorylation of phospholipase Cgamma and Shc was also observed. All of these responses were comparable to those observed from ligand activation, such as by nerve growth factor, of the native PC12 cells used to prepare the stable transfectants. The cells with the chimera bearing the ACH mutation were more rapidly responsive to ligand with less sustained MAPK activation, indicative of a preactivated or primed condition and consistent with the view that these mutations weaken ligand control of FGFR3 function. However, the full effect of the mutation likely depends in part on structural features of the extracellular domain. Although FGFR3 has been suggested to act as a negative regulator of long-bone growth in chrondrocytes, it produces differentiative signals similar to those of FGFR1, to which only positive effects have been ascribed, in PC12 cells. Therefore, its regulatory effects on bone growth likely result from cellular contexts and not the induction of a unique FGFR3 signaling pathway.
The developmental plasticity and functional significance of an additional sperm storage compartment in female yellow dung flies

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary The mechanistic basis for and adaptive significance of variation in female sperm storage organs are important for a range of questions concerning sexual selection and speciation, as such variation influences the evolutionary trajectories of male fertilization related traits and may facilitate speciation through its effects on gamete recognition. Female yellow dung flies ( Scathophaga stercoraria) usually develop three sperm storage compartments, and this subdivision may be an adaptation for sorting sperm during postcopulatory choice. Using lines artificially selected to express four spermathecae (4s), we explored the fitness consequences of the novel phenotype relative to the naturally prevalent three‐spermatheca (3s) phenotype by manipulating the opportunity for postcopulatory sexual selection (females mated either with three or only one male prior to oviposition). In addition, we examined the developmental plasticity of spermathecal number in response to different larval food environments and estimated its genetic correlation with growth rate. Mating treatments with and without the opportunity for postcopulatory sexual selection revealed no significant fitness differences between alternative spermathecal phenotypes within selection lines despite overall benefits associated with multiple mating, and moderate egg‐to‐adult survival costs in response to artificial selection for 4s. Manipulations of the larval food environment revealed that the expression of 4s is highly plastic and tightly linked to environmental conditions promoting fast somatic growth and development. Likewise, siblings with fast intrinsic (genetic) growth were more likely to express 4s within and across food environments. The present results highlight a great potential for rapid evolutionary change in female sperm storage morphology through indirect selection on life‐history traits, and further suggest genetic assimilation as a potential mechanism facilitating phylogenetic transitions in spermatheca number as frequently observed within the Dipterans.
The lichen biota of the Drawieński National Park (NW Poland, Western Pomerania)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The whole known lichen biota of the Drawienski National Park is presented. In total 290 species (262 lichenized, 25 lichenicolous and 3 lichen-related, saprotrophic fungi) are listed. Trichonectria anisospora and Milospium lacoizquetae are reported as new to Poland. Lecanora stenotropa and Phaeophyscia pusilloides are reported for the first time from Polish lowlands. The most lichenologically interesting and richest habitat complexes are the river valleys with their beech slope forests, their alluvial forests and their fast running rivers. Further habitats of high nature conservation value are roadside trees and pine forests, which inhabit a rich lichen biota as well. Kokkuvote: Drawienski rahvuspargi (Laane-Pomeraania, Loode-Poola) samblike elustik
Crystal stability and optical properties of \norganic chain compounds

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

\n \nThe solution to the long-standing problem of the cohesion of \norganic chain compounds is proposed. We consider the tight-binding \ndielectric matrix with two electronic bands per chain, determine the \ncorresponding hybridized collective modes, and show that three \namong them are considerably softened due to strong dipole-dipole and \nmonopole-dipole interactions. By this we explain the unusual low-frequency \noptical activity of TTF-TCNQ, including the observed 10 meV anomaly. \nThe softening of the modes also explains the cohesion of the mixed-stack \nlattice, the fractional charge transfer almost independent of the material, \nand the formation of the charged sheets in some compounds.\n\n
Revival ofPolyester-Based Polyurethane Technology:High-Yield Monomer Recovery Using Scalable, Basic Chemical Processes

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Polyurethanes (PUs) offer exceptional versatility due to their tunable thermal and mechanical properties, enabling their use across various applications, from foams and compact materials to adhesives. However, the disposal of PU waste presents significant environmental challenges, as current recycling processes are complex, requiring harsh conditions and large excesses of reactants. Moreover, such processes yield mixtures of monomers and oligomers that are challenging to purify. This study introduces a dual-pathway approach for the closed-loop recycling of conventional polyester polyol-based polyurethanes into high-purity monomers using base-catalyzed depolymerization methods. Two recycling strategies were explored: a one-pot hydrolysis method and a two-step depolymerization. The one-pot hydrolysis yielded adipic acid, monoethylene glycol (MEG), and 4,4′-methylenedianiline (4,4′-MDA). Alternatively, the two-step process first targeted the cleavage of the ester linkages utilizing methanol, producing dimethyl adipate and MEG, followed by hydrolysis of the urethane bond releasing 4,4′-MDA and additional MEG. Both recycling approaches achieved depolymerization of a model polyurethane material into well-defined monomers with high yields and purities. Our findings highlight that despite the recent preference of the industry for polyether polyols, polyester polyols hold great potential for closed-loop recycling, tremendously increasing the recyclability of PU waste. This work demonstrates that the innovative extension of established chemistries can enable practical, scalable recycling solutions, supporting a shift toward circular, polyester polyol-based PU systems wherever feasible.
A Historical Perspective on Ethical Decision-Making in the Care of the Impaired Newborn - eScholarship

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A Historical Perspective on Ethical Decision-Making in the Care of the Impaired Newborn By Bonnie Lesley Zell B.S.N. (California State University, Fresno) 1976 THSIS Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of ‘ MASTER OF SCIENCE in Health and Medical Sciences in the GRADUATE DIVISION of the UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY Approved: . ..... . . . .5//Y/5'5 Chairman Date I [2/?m,...Z.l:6.Qcgz,.» ........ ..?Z».q./65. . .§.».e.«a€,.4_~.c.47./wa Kq . n c o - o a a o n a o o u o n n o - u u o o o o o o o o o a n o o . o o o o o o o n o -
Effects of hyperventilation on cerebral blood flow and brain tissue metabolism in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Cerebral vascular carbon dioxide (CO2) reactivities were compared in normotensive (NTR) and hypertensive (SHR) rats. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) in cortex and thalamus were evaluated before and during one hour of hyperventilation. After one hour of hyperventilation brain lactate, pyruvate, and ATP concentrations were also determined. Significant and similar reductions of CBF due to hyperventilation induce hypocapnia were found in both NTR and SHR groups. In contrast the percent increase in cerebrovascular resistance (CVR) per unit decrease in paCO2 was significant, indicating that hypocapnia induced vasoconstriction is greater in NTR than in SHR groups. During hyperventilation the average value for lactate in the NTR group was 3.98 mM/kg. In contrast it was 3.15 mM/kg in the SHR group, a significant difference (p less than 0.05). When paCO2 fell below 15 mm Hg the cerebral lactate increased strikingly in the NTR group and cortical CVR was reduced suggesting that an accumulation of the ischemic metabolites c...
Youth Ministry After Christendom

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The author identifies historic factors supportive of the 20th-century church's embrace of a program model for youth ministry while showing how its location outside the centering practices of the church by century's end produced a strong theological critique. The presence of both qualitative and quantitative research data and the reality of post-Christendom strengthens this theological turn. Current youth ministry proposals are described as centered by the presence of vibrant, multigenerational, theologically involved congregations, an emphasis on the interpretive practices that help form baptismal vocational identity, and the presence of biblical narrative performances in the co-construction of congregational worship. Two authors of such proposals are discussed. Those who are asked to lead in such models will need competency in facilitating communal relationships as well as the ability to engage in the co-construction of a community's response to God in ministry and in worship.
A switch toward demethylation is associated with the expression of myeloperoxidase in acute myeloblastic and promyelocytic leukemias

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Expression of numerous genes encoding myeloid-specific proteins is tightly regulated during normal myeloid differentiation. This heterogeneous group of genes thus offers a tool for dissection of different maturational steps of myelopoiesis. We have previously shown that the human myeloperoxidase (MPO) gene is modified at numerous CpG residues in normal myeloid cells and in myeloid cell lines in a development-specific and expression-associated manner. In the present work, we have applied this type of methylation analysis to primary leukemia myeloid cell samples. We found that expression of MPO messenger RNA (mRNA) is grossly limited to leukemias of late myeloblastic and promyelocytic stages; expression is thus associated with progressive demethylation in the 5′ region of the MPO gene. This modification was not global. Low-level induction of MPO mRNA expression in very immature leukemic cells using phorbol ester was not accompanied by progressive demethylation. This type of methylation analysis of a myeloid-specific gene may yield a molecular indicator for different types of myeloid leukemias.
Local and National Democracy in Political Reconstruction

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract After conflict or breakdown of the state, successful democratic development will require an ample supply of leaders who have good reputations for responsible public service that can benefit all citizens. This essential supply of trusted democratic leadership can develop in responsible institutions of democratic local government, where successful local leaders can prove their qualifications to compete for higher office. If a transition to democracy begins with only national elections, however, then the winners will acquire a natural interest in centralizing power around themselves, and so political decentralization thereafter may become more difficult. Thus, those who would support the development of a new democracy need to recognize the potential advantages of decentralizing some power to elected local governments.
Quantitative structure-activity relationship studies of inhibitors of gastric (H+/K+)-ATPase.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The (H+/K+)-ATPase enzyme inhibitory activity of omeprazole analogues (Figure 1) and 1-aryl-4-methyl-2,3-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-c]quinolines (Figure 2) was found to be significantly correlated with electronic (sigma) or pKa parameter that governs the basicity of the molecules. The former compounds are representative of irreversible blockers, and the latter of reversible blockers. Inclusion of hydrophobic (pi) and/or steric (Es) parameters sometimes led to improvement in the correlations, suggesting that these parameters may play a role in the formation of a cyclic intermediate. The derived significant correlation equations strongly support a mechanism of action, first proposed by Lindberg et al., involving such a cyclic intermediate.
J. Forbes Munro: Colonial rule and the Kamba: social change in the Kenya highlands, 1889–1939. (Oxford Studies in African Affairs.) ix, 276 pp., 2 plates. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975. £7.50.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

J. Forbes Munro: Colonial rule and the Kamba: social change in the Kenya highlands, 1889–1939. (Oxford Studies in African Affairs.) ix, 276 pp., 2 plates. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975. £7.50. - Volume 40 Issue 3
Discussion of Muddy Surface Settling of Xiaolangdi Reservoir

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Sediment settling velocity is an important parameter in particle suspension and indispensable link of hyperconcentrated flow as well as basic theory support for efficient sediment transport of Xiaolangdi Reservoir. This paper has adopted current sediment sample in Xiaolangdi Reservoir to take still water settling experiment, observed carefully silt sediment distribution during different settling duration under various initial concentrations, analyzed common settling velocity calculation method, and adopted settling duration curve method as calculation method to obtain a constant settling velocity of free settling section. Typical settling velocity that is obtained from experiments makes supplement and fitness to settling velocity formula of the existing groups of sediment sample, amends the formula coefficient, further explore the settling characteristics and settling velocity of fine particle mixed viscous sediment with water concentration change, and meanwhile this paper researched settling distance impact on settling velocity, existing sediment group settling transition to mesh settling critical transition silt concentration of Xiaolangdi Reservoir.
Local Governance in Hungary – the Balance of the Last 20 Years

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The objective of the present study is to give an overview of the development of the Hungarian local government system in light of international development trends. The author’s aim is to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the spatial frameworks of public power practice in an international and theoretical context with an emphasis on Hungarian specifics. The actual relevance of drawing up a balance is justified by the fact that the institutional framework of local govern­ments was created 20 years ago at the change of regime, and so the time is ripe to evaluate the experiences of their operation, the more so since the reform of terri­torial public administration is proposed regularly. On the basis of examining the past twenty years, the author would like to take a stance about whether the Hungarian system of local government has been able to transform the previous centralised Hungarian state, and to what extent it may provide an ideal framework for the democratic functioning of local power and the organisation of local administration and services. Where do we stand today and where lies our destination? It is inevitable to reflect on to what extent the Hungarian system of territorial governance is compatible with the European administrative space. Concerning the realisation of the recommendations, the evaluations produced later on have remained quite cautious. On the one hand, it was declared that sig­nificant reform programmes had been implemented in several Eastern Central European countries, which nonetheless were halted in several cases. In the evaluation of the Hungarian system of public administration, the present study will examine the evolution of centralisation/decentralisation, as well as the agents of local governance and their relations; and all this in light of the pre­vailing European processes.
A NOVEL SMALL MOLECULE PROMOTOR OF REMYELINATION (P3.2-066)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

May 7, 2019April 9, 2019Free AccessA NOVEL SMALL MOLECULE PROMOTOR OF REMYELINATION (P3.2-066)Chandramohan Natarajan, Asa Rose, and Subramaniam SriramAuthors Info & AffiliationsApril 9, 2019 issue92 (15_supplement)https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.92.15_supplement.P3.2-066 Letters to the Editor
Tactical Decision Making under Conditions of Uncertainty: An Empirical Study

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Uncertainty is a fundamental characteristic of warfare. Military decision makers confront uncertainty when the data they encounter are incomplete (missing), ambiguous, or conflicting. This study examined how different categories of uncertainty (ambiguous/missing, conflicting, baseline) affect response time and type of decisions made in a low-fidelity tactical decision making task. Prior to the study, researchers elicited real-world tactical scenarios from veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom in which uncertainty was present. Nine scenarios were developed from the interviews and were given to 28 participants at the Command and General Staff College, FT Leavenworth, KS. Participants were asked to make a decision; their responses were recorded and analyzed. The results indicate that the category of uncertainty and scenario difficulty were significant factors in response time and type of decision made. These findings have the potential to improve human behavior modeling, tactical simulations, and representations of complex task environments.
Exploring the Mechanisms of Anti‐Aβ42 Aggregation Activity of Walnut‐derived Peptides using Transcriptomics and Proteomics in vitro

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Inhibiting β ‐amyloid (A β ) aggregation is of significance in finding potential candidates for Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment. Accumulating evidence suggests that nutrition is important for improving cognition and reducing AD risk. Walnut has been widely used as a functional food for brain health; however the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we investigated the molecular level alteration in Arctic mutant A β 42 induced aggregation cell model by RNA‐seq and iTRAQ approaches after walnut‐derived peptides Pro‐Pro‐Lys‐Asn‐Trp (PW5) and Trp‐Pro‐Pro‐Lys‐Asn (WN5) interventions. PW5 or WN5 could significantly decrease abnormal A β 42 aggregates. However, resultant alterations in transcriptome (substantially unchanged) were inconsistent with proteomic data (marked change). Proteomic analysis revealed 184 and 194 differentially expressed proteins unique to PW5 and WN5 treatment, respectively, for inhibiting A β 42 protein production or increasing protein degradation via the mismatch repair pathways. Our study provides new insights into the effectiveness of food‐derived peptides for anti‐A β 42 aggregation in AD.
Steps in quinol oxidation by the chloroplast cytochrome b/f complex

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Conference Article| August 01 1985 Steps in quinol oxidation by the chloroplast cytochrome b/f complex ROBERT W. JONES; ROBERT W. JONES 1Department of Plant Biology, USDA/ARS, University of Illinois, 505 South Goodwin, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar JOHN WHITMARSH JOHN WHITMARSH 1Department of Plant Biology, USDA/ARS, University of Illinois, 505 South Goodwin, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1985) 13 (4): 698–699. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0130698 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation ROBERT W. JONES, JOHN WHITMARSH; Steps in quinol oxidation by the chloroplast cytochrome b/f complex. Biochem Soc Trans 1 August 1985; 13 (4): 698–699. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0130698 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: HQNO,2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide, NQNO, 2-n-nonyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide, DCMU, 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1, 1-dimethylurea This content is only available as a PDF. © 1985 Biochemical Society1985 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.