jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Statin therapy improves locomotor muscle microvascular reactivity in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Peripheral microvascular dysfunction has been documented in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), which may be related to elevated levels of inflammation and oxidative stress. Unfortunately, few strategies have been identified to effectively ameliorate this disease-related derangement. Thus, using a parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled design, this study evaluated the efficacy of 30-day atorvastatin administration (10mg QD) on lower limb microvascular reactivity, functional capacity, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with HFpEF (Statin: n=8, 76±6 yr; Placebo: n=8, 68±9 yr). The passive limb movement (PLM)-induced hyperemic response and 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) distance were evaluated to assess ambulatory muscle microvascular function and functional capacity, respectively. Circulating biomarkers were also measured to assess the contribution of changes in inflammation and redox balance to these outcomes. The total hyperemic response to PLM, assessed as leg blood flow area under-the-curve (LBF AUC ), increased following the statin intervention (pre: 60 ± 68 mL; post: 164 ± 90 mL; P < 0.01), whereas these variables were unchanged in the placebo group ( P=0.99). There were no significant differences in 6MWT distance following statin or placebo intervention. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of lipid peroxidation, was significantly reduced following the statin intervention (pre: 0.68 ± 0.10; post: 0.51 ± 0.11; P < 0.01), while other circulating biomarkers were unchanged. Together, these data provide new evidence for the efficacy of low-dose statin administration to improve locomotor muscle microvascular reactivity in patients with HFpEF, which may be due, in part, to a diminution in oxidative stress.
Genotypic heterogeneity and clinical phenotype in triple A syndrome: a review of the NIH experience 2000–2005

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Triple A syndrome (AAAS, OMIM#231550) is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by adrenal insufficiency, achalasia, alacrima, neurodegeneration and autonomic dysfunction. Mutations in the AAAS gene on chromosome 12q13 have been reported in several subjects with AAAS . Over the last 5 years, we have evaluated six subjects with the clinical diagnosis of AAAS. Three subjects had mutations in the AAAS gene – including one novel mutation (IVS8+1 G>A) – and a broad spectrum of clinical presentations. However, three subjects with classic AAAS did not have mutations in the AAAS gene on both alleles. This finding supports the notion of genetic heterogeneity for this disorder, although other genetic mechanisms cannot be excluded.
Engineering Regulation of the Weird Branches in a Branching Estuary and its Mechanics: Using the North Branch of the Yangtze Estuary as an Example

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Weird horizontal shapes of branches, in large branching estuaries, often cause significant flood risks and environment-related problems. People usually resort to engineering methods to improve the horizontal shape of the weird branches and solve related issues. The responses of the riverbed evolution of a branching estuary to anthropogenic activity are complicated because of complex estuarine hydrodynamics and sediment transports, especially when the project locates specially (e.g., at estuary outlets). The North Branch of the Yangtze Estuary has a narrow upper reach which is almost orthogonal to the South Branch and has a trumpet-shaped lower reach with a wide outlet. The weird horizontal shape of the North Branch brings significant flood risks to cities along this branch, the shrinkage of its entrance, and other problems. In this study, a regulation of the North Branch, which is launched at Guyuan Sand (GYS) just outside the exit of the North Branch, is taken as an example. The GYS regulation aims to improve the weird horizontal shape of the North Branch by building new layouts of outlets, by which people decrease the flood risk of the surrounding cities. The GYS regulation is studied using a 2D numerical model. The riverbed evolution of the Yangtze Estuary in a typical hydrological year is simulated, while the water/sediment fluxes at cross-sections of branches in the estuary during a spring/neap tide are quantitatively calculated. It is found that the regulation changes the rotational flows near the shore, and further reshapes the estuarine circulations of mass inside the outlets, especially exchanges of water/sediment between different branches. The regulation directly changes the riverbed evolution at the outlet of the North Branch, and meanwhile has significant indirect influences on the riverbed evolution of the entrance of the North Branch. The varying riverbed evolution at the entrance of the North Branch and the varying water/sediment fluxes, under different designs of regulations, are related and analyzed. An essential improvement for the weird horizontal shape of the North Branch by an engineering method is shown to be possible, while the regulation mechanism of the engineering method and the response of estuarine riverbed evolution to the regulation are clarified. This study provides a new insight for improving estuarine branches with weird horizontal shapes, by reshaping the tidal processes and the accompanying sediment transports in a branching estuary.
Coin-shaped epithelial lesions following an acute attack of erythema multiforme minor with confocal microscopy findings

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report an interesting ocular finding of bilateral multiple coin-shaped epithelial lesions along with the confocal microscopy findings in a patient following an acute attack of erythema multiforme (EM) minor. A 30-year-old male presented with a history of watering and irritation in both eyes of three days duration. He was diagnosed to have EM minor and was on oral acyclovir. Slit-lamp examination revealed multiple coin-shaped epithelial lesions. Confocal microscopy showed a corresponding conglomerate of hyper-reflective epithelial lesions. The corneal lesions resolved over six weeks with oral steroids and acyclovir. An immunological mechanism is suspected.
Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: Prevalence, Symptom Severity, and Caregiver Distress in South-Western Uganda—A Quantitative Cross-Sectional Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of the study was to investigate behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD) prevalence, severity, and distress experienced by caregivers of people living with dementia (PLWD). A cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted in a rural area in southwestern Uganda. A Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) was used to determine the presence of BPSD as perceived by caregivers of PLWD. We carried out both descriptive and inferential data analysis. A total of 175 caregivers of PLWD were enrolled in this study. Among PLWD, 99% had presented BPSD in the past month. Hallucinations (75%) and dysphoria/depression (81%) were the two BPSD that occurred most frequently. Most participants (70%) stated that PLWD experienced hallucinations of significant severity. Aberrant motor activity was reported by 60% of the participants as the type of BPSD that caused severe distress. There was a high positive correlation (0.82) between the total severity score and total distress scores. Interventions aimed at addressing dysphoria and hallucinations may be essential for the reduction of caregiver distress. These findings point to the need for promoting early screening for BPSDs and the provision of support to caregivers.
Social Work in a Child Health Clinic: A Report of a Demonstration

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Social Work in a Child Health Clinic: A Report of a Demonstration Ruth A. Cowin, Assistant in Social WorkM.S., Elizabeth P. Rice, Associate Professor of Social Work in Public HealthM.S.F.A.P.H.A., and William M. Schmidt, Professor of Maternal and Child HealthM.D.F.A.P.H.A. CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.55.6.821 Published Online: August 29, 2011
The signal sequence receptor, unlike the signal recognition particle receptor, is not essential for protein translocation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Detergent extracts of canine pancreas rough microsomal membranes were depleted of either the signal recognition particle receptor (SR), which mediates the signal recognition particle (SRP)-dependent targeting of the ribosome/nascent chain complex to the membrane, or the signal sequence receptor (SSR), which has been proposed to function as a membrane bound receptor for the newly targeted nascent chain and/or as a component of a multi-protein translocation complex responsible for transfer of the nascent chain across the membrane. Depletion of the two components was performed by chromatography of detergent extracts on immunoaffinity supports. Detergent extracts lacking either SR or SSR were reconstituted and assayed for activity with respect to SR dependent elongation arrest release, nascent chain targeting, ribosome binding, secretory precursor translocation, and membrane protein integration. Depletion of SR resulted in the loss of elongation arrest release activity, nascent chain targeting, secretory protein translocation, and membrane protein integration, although ribosome binding was unaffected. Full activity was restored by addition of immunoaffinity purified SR before reconstitution of the detergent extract. Surprisingly, depletion of SSR was without effect on any of the assayed activities, indicating that SSR is either not required for translocation or is one of a family of functionally redundant components.
Associations of mucosal disaccharidase kinetics and expression in the jejunum of steers with divergent average daily gain

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The objective of this study was to quantify the differences in the activity of jejunal maltase and isomaltase between two groups of steers with average dry matter intake (DMI) and differing average daily gain (ADG). DMI and ADG were measured in crossbred steers (n = 69; initial body weight = 456 ± 5.0 kg) consuming a finishing diet containing 67.8% dry-rolled corn, 20.0% wet distillers grains with solubles, 8.0% alfalfa hay, and 4.2% vitamin/mineral supplement on a dry matter basis for 84 d. Jejunal mucosal samples were collected from eight steers with the greatest (high) or least (low) ADG and average DMI (± 0.55 standard deviation). Homogenates of jejunal mucosa were incubated with increasing amounts of maltose and isomaltose to determine the disaccharidase kinetics. Total mucosal protein concentration (mg protein/g tissue; P = 0.45) of the mucosa and small intestinal weights (P = 0.69) did not differ between the groups. Neither the Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) of isomaltase (P = 0.15) nor maltase (P = 0.21) differed between groups. The isomaltase maximum velocity (Vmax) expressed per gram of protein tended to differ (P = 0.10) between groups of steers but did not differ (P = 0.13) when expressed on a tissue basis. Similarly, neither the maltase Vmax expressed per gram of protein (P = 0.31) nor tissue (P = 0.32) differed between groups. While previous studies have indicated that disaccharidase expression is associated with differences in ADG, data presented here indicate that differences in enzyme activity at the end of the finishing period are minimal.
Nonbinary pronouns in X (Twitter) bios: Gender and identity in online spaces

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study explores the usage of nonbinary pronouns on X (formerly known as Twitter), focusing on THEY and neopronouns like ZE or XE within the nonbinary community. Building on the increasing practice of sharing pronouns, especially in online spaces, the research collects 1,980 X accounts using Followerwonk. Despite ideological differences across U.S. regions, no substantial variations in pronoun usage are observed. Notably, a preference for rolling pronouns (e.g., they/she) emerges, with fewer instances of monopronoun usage (e.g., they). When a single pronoun is chosen, it is often accompanied by the respective accusative form, while rolling pronoun users tend to omit the accusative. Users with binary pronouns often prioritize it as their first chosen pronoun. THEY remains the predominant nonbinary pronoun, with neopronouns being rare. The study highlights X profiles as valuable sources for understanding linguistic patterns related to social trends, particularly in the context of gender equality and network relations.
Interleukin-6 inhibition attenuates hypertension and associated renal damage in Dahl salt-sensitive rats

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Immune cells in the kidney are implicated in the development of hypertension and renal damage in the Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rat. Interestingly, interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA is 54-fold higher in T-lymphocytes isolated from the kidney compared with circulating T-lymphocytes. The present experiments assessed the role of IL-6 in the development of SS hypertension by treating rats ( n = 13–14/group) with an IL-6 neutralizing antibody or normal IgG during an 11-day period of high-salt (4.0% NaCl chow) intake. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) and urine albumin excretion rates (Ualb) were not different between the groups fed low salt (0.4% NaCl). Following 11 days of drug treatment and high salt, however, the rats receiving anti-IL-6 demonstrated a 47% reduction of IL-6 in the renal medulla compared with control SS. Moreover, the increase in MAP following 11 days of high-NaCl intake was significantly attenuated in SS administered anti-IL-6 compared with the control group (138 ± 3 vs. 149 ± 3 mmHg) as was the salt-induced increase in Ualb and glomerular and tubular damage. To investigate potential mechanisms of action, a flow cytometric analysis of immune cells in the kidney ( n = 8–9/group) demonstrated that the total number of monocytes and macrophages was significantly lower in the treatment vs. the control group. The total number of T- and B-lymphocytes in the kidneys was not different between groups. These studies indicate that IL-6 production may participate in the development of SS hypertension and end-organ damage by mediating increased infiltration or proliferation of macrophages into the kidney.
Occupational Contact Urticaria and Late-Phase Bronchial Asthma Caused by Compositae Pollen in a Florist

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Insect-pollinated members of the plant family Compositae (Asteraceae) rarely cause immediate-type hypersensitivity disease; however, this may have quite disabling consequences, which is shown by the case of a 42-year-old female florist. She developed contact urticaria later accompanied by rhinoconjunctivitis and bronchial asthma with maximum obstruction occurring some hours after the end of occupational exposure to the causative Compositae pollens of, for example, dandelions, blazing star, golden rod, yarrow,Asterssp, chrysanthemums, and marguerite. Skin testing revealed immediate-type hypersensitivity to several members of the above-mentioned plant family confirmed by demonstration of specific IgE antibodies. Bronchial provocation testing yielded a positive response with all 4 pollen extracts tested. The patient had to give up work in a flower shop, because sufficient avoidance of airborne inhalant exposure was not considered practical.
Reactive power minimization and unity voltage transfer in a distorted AC supply by using hybrid indirect matrix converter

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This concept represents an AC-to-AC conversion for voltage and current control scheme with instantaneous reactive power minimization also reduce the harmonics for high power applications in a distorted AC power supply. The strategy uses the commutation state of the converter in the subsequent sampling time according to an optimization algorithm given by a simple cost function and the discrete system model. Using this model, harmonics in the input current generated by the resonance of the input filter and output filter are strongly reduced. By using bidirectional converter will reduce the reactive power by connecting the capacitors at the both side of control unit.
Dynamics Modeling and Autonomous Landing for Flexible Parafoil-Vehicle Multibody System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the autonomous landing of the parafoil used for aerial vehicles is investigated through the numerical approach. The coupled parafoil-vehicle dynamics model is developed based on the multibody method. The transition process from aircraft flight to parafoil glide is designed in a global system framework. To deal with large flexible deformations during the deployment process, the parafoil canopy is approximated as interacting symmetric subparts using the geometric division method. The pseudo-spectral method is employed to generate a reference trajectory for the landing target. As the system dynamics are introduced into constraint conditions, the generated trajectory is beneficial to improve landing precision. In addition, other optimization objectives, including minimal energy consumption and obstacle avoidance, are considered in trajectory planning. The enhanced proportional integral control is designed to follow the reference trajectory. The neural network inversion model is used to reduce the coupling effect between the longitudinal and the directional control channels. There is a coupling effect that the two controls both are implemented through left and right trailing-edge deflections. An adaptive output allocation method is proposed to ensure that the directional control always is effective in particular when one side reaches saturation. Finally, simulations for autonomous landing under different conditions are carried out to validate the integrated system.
Productivity of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus Tuberosus L.) in the condition of Tajikistan

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) is a perennial herbaceous plant height from 40 cm to 2.5 m high with erect branched, leafy stem. The length of the growing season is 4.5–5 months. The yield of tubers in average 15 t/ha, the total productivity of terrestrial bodies – 70...90 t/ha. In Tajikistan, the Jerusalem artichoke began to be cultivated in 40–50 years of the last century. In the conditions of the Gissar valley at an experimental plot of the Institute of botany, physiology and plant genetics of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan, located in the Eastern part of Dushanbe at the altitude of 840 m above sea level, and carried out the planting of Jerusalem artichoke tubers in midApril. In the conditions of Rasht valley (Jirgatol district at altitudes of 2100 and 2700 m above sea level and the Rasht district, at an altitude of 2300 m above sea level) planting tubers of Jerusalem artichoke was conducted in the third week of may. Identification of the general size a biomass sun artichoke on the irrigation fields of Gissar and Rasht valleys fluctuates within from 66.5 to 94.2 t/hec. and on rein field from 30.4 to 72.5 t/hec., yield of tubers from 24.95 to 38.4 t/hec. on the irrigation fields and from 11.85 to 22.95 t/hec. on rein fields. On the Jerusalem artichoke average the biomass on the irrigation fields makes 78.8 t/hec. and on rein fields 47.4 t/hec, and a crop of tubers accordingly 30.63 and 15.73 t/hec. that testifies to efficiency of cultivation sun artichoke in irrigation and rein fields of our republic. The irrigation promote increase of biomass yield of american artichoke on 30.4 t/hec. (64.1 %), yield of tubers – on 14.9 t/hec.( 94.7 %) in comparison with cultivation without irrigation.
Graphene Oxide Epoxy Resin for Improving Anticorrosive Properties

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this study, anticorrosive coatings were developed for mild steel surfaces using epoxy resin as a barrier with a high aspect ratio. The study investigated the impact of modifying graphene oxide (GO) with d-glucose (D-g) on protecting mild steel from corrosion in a 3.5 wt.% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution for 42 days. The hydrophilic nature of D-glucose, GO, and EP enabled the formation of nanocomposites with uniform distribution of D-g-modified GO in the EP coatings, reducing free volume in the epoxy matrix. The 0.7% D-g modified GO/EP coating exhibited strong anticorrosion properties even in highly corrosive conditions by achieving a high corrosion resistance value of -19.405 mm/year. According to the morphological observation, the 0.7% m-GO/EP coating displayed fewer invisible rusts on the metal substrate even after 42 days. Incorporating D-g/GO significantly improved the corrosion protection performance of the coatings by combining EP and graphene. This study marks the first report on D-g modified GO/EP composite coatings for enhanced anticorrosive properties, making it a noteworthy contribution to eco-friendly corrosion protection mechanisms in EP coating systems in Malaysia. The environmentally friendly approach aligns with sustainable development principles and has garnered global attention from researchers and scientists. Earlier research has extensively explored the effect of surface-functionalized GO particles on the corrosion resistance of polymeric coatings.
COMPARISON OF THE EFFICACY OF TWO TECHNIQUES OF PROLOTHERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT INTERNAL DERANGEMENT

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Internal temporomandibular joint (TMJ) derangements are uncomfortable conditions that result in mouth locking, malocclusion and joint dysfunction. Internal TMJ derangements can be treated with both minimally invasive and invasive methods. Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of two techniques of multiple points TMJ prolotherapy using dextrose versus liquid platelet rich fibrin in management of internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint. Materials and Methods: 30 patients were selected randomly and divided into two different groups. In group A injectable dextrose prolotherapy was used to treat individuals with internal derangements compared to injectable liquid platelet rich fibrin that was used in group B. The pain intensity, maximum mouth opening and jaw movement in the lateral and protrusion directions and joint noise, were recorded to compare between the outcome between both groups. Results: Pain level was significantly lowers in group B (I-PRF) at one week, one month, three months and six months intervals. (p ≤ 0.05) compared to group A. The maximum inter-incisal mouth opening is significantly higher in I-PRF group at one month, three months and six months than in group A. Statistically insignificant difference was reported regarding joint tenderness, range in jaw movement, and joint noise. Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, it is possible to conclude that injectable platelet rich fibrin is more effective in terms of pain alleviation and improving mouth opening, while there is no noticeable difference in any other parameter between the two groups during the postoperative period.