jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Shock remanent magnetization intensity and stability structures of single-domain titanomagnetite-bearing basalt sample

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Earth and Space Science Open Archive This preprint has been submitted to and is under consideration at Geophysical Research Letters. ESSOAr is a venue for early communication or feedback before peer review. Data may be preliminary.Learn more about preprints preprintOpen AccessYou are viewing the latest version by default [v1]Shock remanent magnetization intensity and stability structures of single-domain titanomagnetite-bearing basalt sampleAuthorsMasahikoSatoiDKosukeKurosawaShotaKatoMasashiUshiodaSunaoHasegawaiDSee all authors Masahiko SatoiDCorresponding Author• Submitting AuthorThe University of TokyoiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2475-3942view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressKosuke KurosawaChiba Institute of Technologyview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressShota KatoThe University of Tokyoview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressMasashi UshiodaShikoku Research Institute Inc.view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressSunao HasegawaiDJapan Aerospace Exploration AgencyiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6366-2608view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email address
A Comparison of the Effect of Sevoflurane and Propofol on Ventricular Repolarisation after Preoperative Cefuroxime Infusion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study is to investigate the changes in QT, QTc, and Tp-e intervals and Tp-e/QT ratio on surface electrocardiogram (ECG) signals during anaesthesia induction using propofol or sevoflurane after preoperative cefuroxime infusion. Some 120 cases of gynaecological patients are randomly divided into propofol (P) and sevoflurane (S) groups (n=60). After cefuroxime (1.5 g) was infused in the two groups of patients, propofol target controlled infusion (TCI) was conducted in the P group for 5 min to realise a plasma concentration of 4 μ g/ml while patients in the S group inhaled anaesthesia by infusing 1.3 MAC sevoflurane for 6 min. The 12-lead ECGs were separately collected before infusing cefuroxime (T 1 ), after infusing cefuroxime (T 2 ), and after infusing propofol or sevoflurane (T 3 ) to measure QT and Tp-e intervals, calculate QTc and Tp-e/QT, and record MAP and HR. Finally, we demonstrated that QT, QTc, and Tp-e intervals and Tp-e/QT ratio had no change ( P > 0.05) after cefuroxime infusion in the two groups of patients compared with that before infusing antibiotics. Moreover, after conducting preoperative cefuroxime infusion, using propofol and sevoflurane had no influence on Tp-e interval, but sevoflurane can significantly prolong QT and QTc intervals ( P < 0.05).
Citrus Alkaline Extract Delayed the Progression of Pulmonary Fibrosis by Inhibiting p38/NF-κB Signaling Pathway-Induced Cell Apoptosis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective . To investigate the intervention effect and functioning mechanism of citrus alkaline extract (CAE) on bleomycin- (BLM-) induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Methods . 42 C57BL/6 male mice were assigned randomly to the normal group, model group, low (16mg/kg), medial (32mg/kg) and high (64mg/kg) CAE dosage groups, prednisone group (6mg/kg), and pirfenidone group (100mg/kg), respectively. One day after model construction, intragastric administration was applied to the mice once a day for 28 days and then killed. Body weights of mice were recorded. Their pulmonary tissues were subjected to HE staining and Masson’s staining and then their degree of pulmonary alveolitis as well as pulmonary fibrosis was scored. Contents of hydroxyproline (HYP) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in pulmonary tissues and levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17) in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined by ELISA method. Expression of collagen I, collagen III, and Prosurfactant protein C (Pro-SPC) proteins in pulmonary tissue were measured immunohistochemically and that of nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) and vimentin was determined by the immunofluorescence method. Apoptosis of pulmonary tissue was tested by the Tunel staining method, while the expression of MAPK-related protein was recorded by Western Blot assay. Results . After CAE treatment, the body weight, PGE2 level, and Pro-SPC protein expression of pulmonary fibrosis mice were increased, while the score of pulmonary alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis, levels of HYP and cell apoptosis, IL-17 contents of serum and BALF in pulmonary tissues, and expression of collagen I, collagen III, vimentin, NF-κB, and p-p38 were reduced. Conclusion . CAE effectively delayed the progression of BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in pulmonary fibrosis mice and a possible mechanism is the inhibition of cell apoptosis of NF-κB/p38-mediated signaling pathway.
Conflicts for Control of Mapuche-Pehuenche Land and Natural Resources in the Biobio Highlands, Chile

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper analyzes the impact that the Chilean government's land-ownership policies have had on the Mapuche-Pehuenche communities, especially with respect to the control of their territory and natural resources. The results show a tendency towards non-protection of their rights to control their territories with an increasing loss of autonomy and control over land. State intervention, together with large private investment projects, has generated socio-economic and territorial impacts in the indigenous areas, such as the migration of young persons, socio-cultural changes, and conflicts over access and use of ecological zones. The territorial re-ordering of the original Mapuche space, combined with its increasing appropriation by private actors and the Chilean government, has produced a subordinated integration of the indigenous communities with respect to national society. Este art�culo analiza los impactos que las pol�ticas territoriales de los gobiernos de Chile tuvieron sobre las comunidades Mapuche-Pehuenche, especialmente respecto del control de su territorio y recursos naturales. Los resultados muestran una tendencia hist�rica hacia la desprotecci�n de sus derechos a controlar su territorio y una p�rdida de su autonom�a y control sobre sus tierras. La intervenci�n del Estado, junto con los proyectos de inversi�n privada, ha generado impactos socioecon�micos y territoriales en las �reas ind�genas, tales como la migraci�n de personas j�venes, cambios socio-culturales y conflictos por el acceso y uso de zonas ecol�gicas. El reordenamiento territorial de los espacios originales de los Mapuche-Pehuenche, junto con su apropiaci�n creciente por actores privados y del Estado chileno, ha producido una integraci�n subordinada de las comunidades ind�genas con respecto a sociedad nacional.
Changes in Unevenness of Wet‐Day Precipitation Over China During 1961–2020

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Precipitation falls unevenly in space and time, which has significant consequences for human society and natural ecosystems. Based on 2,134 gauged observations during 1961–2020 and historical simulations of 14 models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), we analyze precipitation unevenness over China in terms of the spatiotemporal distribution of wet days (>1 mm) and wet‐day precipitation amount throughout the year. We also explore precipitation extremes related to the unevenness. Spatially, precipitation shows medium unevenness in China. Temporally, the unevenness in distribution of wet days increases from southeast (generally humid) to northwest (generally arid). This temporal unevenness weakened in large parts of western China during 1991–2020 relative to 1961–1990. As for precipitation amount, the distribution of precipitation that falls on wet days is more uneven in water‐limited regions compared with humid regions. Associated with this unevenness, between 1961 and 2020, the top 50% of annual precipitation fell in approximately the 12 wettest days, and the maximum 1‐day precipitation for the year contributed 10% on average to annual precipitation. The period 1991–2020 shows overall greater unevenness in eastern China and less unevenness in western China relative to the first 30 years. Multimodel ensemble means of CMIP6 simulations agree with the basic spatial pattern of observations, while underestimating the magnitude of temporal unevenness of precipitation. If these regional differences in precipitation unevenness were to persist over time, this would likely create some new challenges for water resource management in these areas, e.g., flash drought.
The elemental composition changes of Spirulina platensis-synthetic waste mixture during the combustion analyzed by energy-dispersive x-ray

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The prospect of microalgae Spirulina platensis-synthetic waste mixture (SPSW) as alternative energy to replace fossil fuels was investigated in terms of the elemental composition changes during the combustion process. The microalgae Spirulina platensis (SP) sample was achieved from BBPBAP Jepara, Central of Java, Indonesia. While synthetic waste (SW) sample was taken from a temporary shelter in Malang City. A quantity of 30% of SP and 70% SW were mechanically mixed to warranty the uniform mixture in sample’s powder. SPSW sample was tested its chemical content by using Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). To understand the stage of thermal decomposition, the samples firstly were tested under the thermogravimetric (TG) instrument. The combustion has been performed at a heating rate of 10 °C/min at the temperature range of 25–1000 °C, under 100 ml/min constant flow rate of air atmosphere. From this experiment’s result could be specified the temperature of onset and end of the decomposition stage. In accordance with these temperature parameters, the new samples were heated up in the furnace with the similar TG’s condition. The residuals leftover at every stage then were analyzed their elemental composition to evaluate the changes of their content. The TG result showed that SPSW combustion occurred in five stages. Started with initial devolatilization at the temperature range of 25–302 °C, the main thermal decomposition which separated into two zones (302–435 °C and 435– 505 °C), transition stage stretched out between 505–613 °C, the combustion of char at range of 613–710 °C, and the last stage was the slow-burning reaction of residual char at 710–1000 °C. The EDX analysis result showed that organic contents of C and O and inorganic elements of Cl and Ca were encountered as the most elements in the parent and residual materials in the sample at each decomposition stage during combustion. The raw material sample of SPSW contained C and O that were 10.97 and 5.86 mg, respectively. At the temperature of 302 °C, the amount of C and O elements were decreased. At the range of 435–505 °C occurred the major mass loss, indicated the plenty of organic content of C and O were released in a short time. The residue of SPSW at the temperature of 710 °C, designated by the elemental composition including C, O, Cl, and Ca that was 0.50, 0.80, 0.40, and 0.60 mg, in that order.
The association of PTPN22 rs2476601 polymorphism and CTLA-4 rs231775 polymorphism with LADA risks: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although the polymorphisms of PTPN22 and the variants of CTLA-4 have been reported to be the sus- ceptibility genes, which increased risk of latent autoim- mune diabetes in adults (LADA), the results remained inconclusive. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between the polymorphisms of two genes and LADA. We performed a systematic review by identi- fying relevant studies and applied meta-analysis to pool gene effects. Data from ten studies published between 2001 and 2013 were pooled for two polymorphisms: rs2476601 in the PTPN22 gene and rs231775 in the CTLA-4 gene. Data extraction and assessments for risk of bias were independently performed by two reviewers. Fixed-effect model and random-effect model were used to pool the odds ratios; meanwhile, heterogeneity test, publication bias and sensitive analysis were explored. The minor T allele at rs2476601 and the minor G at rs231775 carried estimated relative risks (odds ratio) of 1.52 (95 % CI 1.29-1.79) and 1.39 (95 % CI 1.11-1.74), respectively. These alleles contributed to an absolute lowering of the risk of all LADA by 4.88 and 14.93 % when individuals do not carry these alleles. The estimated lambdas were 0.49 and 0.63, sug- gesting a codominant model of effects was most likely for two genes. In summary, our systematic review has dem- onstrated that PTPN22 rs2476601 and CTLA-4 rs231775 are potential risk factors for LADA. An updated meta- analysis is required when more studies are published to increase the power of these polymorphisms and LADA.
Concern over Immigration and Support for Public Services

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper presents data and analysis suggesting that immigration as an issue has ramified on to a broader policy agenda than "just" immigration.We show that, controlling for a wide range of political and demographic variables, those who say that immigration is the most important problem facing the state of California are more likely to want a smaller government that provides fewer services.However, we also find that this link weakens as the number of people concerned about immigration grows.The results suggest that public concern over immigration can be, within some range, a potent means of rallying voters against government.This potential, however, weakens as the proportion of individuals concerned about immigration rises beyond a certain level.
OTDR YOKOGAWA AQ7275

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The task of this work was to define physical properties of light, define fiber optics as a part of telecommunication systems, types and characteristics of fibers and describe devices that are used in optical networks. Optical time domain reflectometer Yokogawa AQ7275 is analyzed. Optical time domain reflectometer or OTDR is an instrument which is used to analyze optical link performance, detect errors, track installation and maintain optical networks. The last chapter of this thesis is about uses and appliances of this instrument in the laboratory.
Is phylloquinone an obligate electron carrier in photosystem I?

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Comparative quantitative analysis of phylloquinone content and photochemically competent P‐700 has been performed on photosystem I particles subjected to photolysis with ultraviolet irradiation. Nonirradiated control particles exhibit a phylloquinone/P‐700 stoichiometry of 1.9 ± 0.2. Photolysis of the photosystem I particles induces a progressive depletion of phylloquinone, however, photochemistry as assayed at room temperature by the photooxidation of P‐700 is unaffected. These data are not consistent with the assignment of phylloquinone as a functional intermediate at room temperature between P‐700 and the iron‐sulfur clusters, center A and center B.
The Impact of Social Assistance on The Community In Bendoroto Village, Munjungan Sub-District, Trenggalek District

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research aims to evaluate the impact of social assistance on the community in Bendaroto Village, Munjungan District, Trenggalek Regency. The focus of this research is to understand the type of social assistance received, the economic and social impacts felt by the community, and the problems faced during the implementation of the program, Such problems include administrative issues and inequities in disbursement that result in delays in aid disbursement, which reduces aid effectiveness and hampers financial planning. The research methods used include surveys and interviews. The survey results showed that the majority of respondents received direct cash assistance (BLT) and food assistance, with 60% reporting an increase in purchasing power and 45% experiencing an increase in food consumption. Significant social impacts were also seen from the reduction of financial burden for 70% of respondents and the increase in productive motivation for 50% of respondents. However, significant problems were also identified, such as uneven distribution of aid (55%), delays in distribution (60%), and lack of information regarding aid (45%). These findings show that although social assistance contributes positively to economic and social well-being, there are weaknesses in implementation that need to be improved. Recommendations to increase the effectiveness of social assistance include improvements in the distribution system, increased transparency, and better counseling on the use of assistance. This research provides important insights for the development of social assistance policies that are more effective and responsive to the needs of the community
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Growth by Diradical Cycloaddition/Fragmentation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The recent theoretical and experimental investigations on the growth of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in pyrolytic environments highlight the possible role of the 1,4-cycloaddition/fragmentation (1,4-CAF) steps in the formation of PAH intermediates and consequently soot. The present theoretical study explores the possibility to generalize such mechanism to reactions involving various diradical compounds and stable multiring structures. The calculations were performed using the uB3LYP/6-311G(d,p) method and different composite methods, when possible, for more accurate energy estimates. First, the complex potential energy surface for the reactions between o-benzyne and naphthalene was investigated, including the 1,4-CAF mechanism to form anthracene and acetylene through the dibenzobicyclo[2.2.2]octatriene intermediate. Moreover, the products of the addition reactions to the α- and β-carbons and to the ring-junction atoms were determined. The energies for the optimized CAF structures, which constitute the most-favorable pathway from an energetic point of view, were calculated using CBS-QB3, G3(MP2)B3, and G3B3 methods and compared to the corresponding values for the o-benzyne + benzene reactions. Additional calculations were focused on the possible CAF reactions between o-benzyne and larger multiring structures, such as anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, and the four-ring PAHs. The results indicate how the energetics of such reactions is influenced by both the size of the PAH compound and the position of the carbon atoms involved. In the second part of the study, the energy barriers necessary to form multiring diradicals from the corresponding radical molecules were analyzed at a G3(MP2)B3 level of theory. Such calculations are preliminary for the subsequent study on the CAF reactions between the different diradical intermediates and benzene. While the size of the diradical does not affect significantly the energy barriers, the position of the diradical site is critical. The concerted Diels-Alder reactions between the naphthynes and naphthalene were also studied in order to further clarify the analogies between the reactions involving different diradicals. Based on these results, kinetic considerations were provided based on the comparison with the simpler o-benzyne + benzene system, although further higher-level calculations and master equation kinetic analyses will be required to derive the general kinetic rules.
Carcinoid of the breast.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

heart size decreased after discontinuation of digoxin, contrary to expectations.These observations underline the inherent dangers of digitalis therapy, especially in coronary heart disease and respiratory in- sufficiency.It seems important to make sure that the only patients who are allowed to go on taking digoxin are those who otherwise would deteriorate clinically.At the moment the only way to achieve this goal is to discontinue the drug under conditions enabling close observation of the patients.
Examining the effect of psychological benefits of sport event

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The benefits of sport hosting have traditionally been measured only by the economics related to events. The value of sport only being measured by an economic metric does not tell a fulsome story. This study seeks to better understand the intangible impacts on sport host communities by exploring the relationships between psychic income as a social benefit for passive and active support through the application of social exchange theory.Using secondary data collected through a survey of residents by the City of London, findings reveal an indirect relationship between psychic income and quality of life. Further, the study shows that psychic income is a strong predictor of active support. Residents who are highly attached to a sport event, are strong supporters. Results support the value of measuring the social impacts of sport and provide direction for hosts to engage communities more fully.
The Characteristics of the ʿArḍ in the Eastern Arab World during the 15th and 16th Centuries

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

It is believed that the ʿarḍ was a customary "presentation” by young students of memorized texts before shaykhs (scholars). However, notwithstanding its circulation at least throughout the Eastern Arab World in the Late Middle Ages, the ʿarḍ has scarcely been discussed, with the exception of E. M. Sartain’s biographical study of Jalāl al-Dīn al-Suyūṭī (d. 1505), which claimed that the ʿarḍ was a kind of entrance examination which qualified the young student for higher education at a madrasa. This article examines the ʿarḍ in the Eastern Arab World during the 15th and 16th centuries, mainly relying on two biographical works attributed to Shams al-Dīn ibn Ṭūlūn (d. 1546), i.e., his autobiography al-Fulk al-Mashḥūn and his biographical dictionary Mutʿat al-Adhhān. It uses two different approaches. Firstly, it gleans examples pertaining to the ʿarḍ from these works and notes general characteristics of the ʿarḍ, focusing on the three factors of the ʿarḍ, i.e., presenters, texts, and shaykhs. Secondly, it analyzes several of the phrases in the “ijāzas of the ʿarḍ”, which the shaykhs issued to presenters. This article concludes that: 1. Most of the presenters were young students about 11 to 16 years old. Nevertheless, the ʿarḍ as such had nothing to do with entrance to the madrasas. Some of presenters had already started learning from scholars at the madrasas before their ʿarḍ. 2. Most of the texts were general works. Yet the selection of the texts was left up to the discretion of each presenter. 3. Presenters especially hoped to be recognized by “eminent” shaykhs. Therefore, jurisprudential differences between the presenters and the shaykhs did not affect the value of the ʿarḍ. 4. The “ijāzas of the ʿarḍ” were not licenses to teach subjects or works but were just certificates of proficiency. Therefore, some historical sources do not even consider them to be ijāzas.
Studies on the Freezing Time Prediction of Foodstuffs by Plank's Equation of Modification

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Freezing is becoming incressingly important in the food industry as a means of food preservation since the turn of the century. For quality, processing and economic reasons, it is important to predict the freezing time for foods. A number of models have been proposed to predict freezing time. However, most analytical freezing time prediction techniques apply only to specific freezing conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an improved analytical method for freezing time prediction under various conditions. The objectives of this study, by reviewing previous experimental data obtained by uncertain freezing condition and thermo-physical data, were to develop simple and accurate analytical method for prediction freezing time, and to obtain the freezing time of various foodstuffs by still air freezing and immersion freezing method. The result of this study showed that the proposed method offered better results than the other complex method compared.