jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Student movements in Kosova (1981): academic or nationalist?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The 1980s caught Albanians in Kosova in interesting social, political, and psychological circumstances. Two diametrically opposed dogmatic dilemmas took shape: “illegal groups” – considerably supported by students – demanded the proclamation of the Republic of Kosova and/or Kosova's unification with Albania. On the other side of the spectrum, “modernists” – gathering, among others, the political and academic elites – pushed for the improvement of rights of Kosovars guaranteed under the “brotherhood and unity” concept advocated within the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). This paper outlines the nature of demonstrations that took place in March and April 1981 and the corresponding responses of political and academic elites. Stretching beyond symbolic academic reasons – demands for better food and dormitory conditions – the study points to the intense commitment of the students to their demands, often articulated in nationalistic terms. Was it inevitable that the structure of the SFRY would lead to those living in Kosova as a non-Slavic majority in a federation of “Southern Slavs” to articulate demands for national self-rule? It is necessary to highlight these political and social complexities through analytical approaches in order to track the students' goals and to reexamine assumptions behind the “modernist” agenda. In that vein, the paper analyzes the conceptual connections and differences between student reactions and modernists' positions during the historical period under discussion here.
Radical Resection for Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancers in the Era of New Neoadjuvant Therapy—Arterial Resection, Arterial Divestment and Total Pancreatectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aggressive arterial resection (AR) or total pancreatectomy (TP) in surgical treatment for locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) had long been discouraged because of their high mortality rate and unsatisfactory long-term outcomes. Recently, new chemotherapy regimens such as FOLFIRINOX or Gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel have provided more adequate patient selection and local tumor suppression, justifying aggressive local resection. In this review, we investigate the recent reports focusing on arterial resection and total pancreatectomy for LAPC and discuss the rationale of such an aggressive approach in the treatment of PC. AR for LAPCs is divided into three, according to the target vessel. The hepatic artery resection is the simplest one, and the reconstruction methods comprise end-to-end, graft or transposition, and no reconstruction. Celiac axis resection is mainly done with distal pancreatectomy, which allows collateral arterial supply to the liver via the pancreas head. Resection of the superior mesenteric artery is increasingly reported, though its rationale is still controversial. Total pancreatectomy has been re-evaluated as an effective option to balance both the local control and postoperative safety. In conclusion, more and more aggressive pancreatectomy has become justified by the principle of total neoadjuvant therapy. Further technical standardization and optimal neoadjuvant strategy are mandatory for the global dissemination of aggressive pancreatectomies.
Application of Resonance-Tunnel Diodes for Frequency Multiplication at Millimeter Wavelengths

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Discussed in the paper is frequency multiplication in resonance-tunnel diodes with a variety of current-voltage characteristics. Single-level resonance-tunneling diodes like Al0.2 Ga0.8As/GaAs, In0.53Ga0.47As / AlAs, InAs / AlAs / GaSb and the two-level AlAs / GaAs are considered. As has been found, the highest frequency conversion factors at all harmonics are shown by the two-level resonance-tunneling diode, with or without bias voltage, compared with the single level resonance-tunneling diodes. The high frequency conversion factor for the harmonic components enables obtaining power levels at the harmonics comparable to those of Gunn generators and avalanche-transit time diodes at millimeter wavelengths.
Casual Model of Adherence to Therapeutic Regimens among Thais with Hypertension

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract: This cross-sectional, predictive study examined factors, direct and indirect, affecting adherence to therapeutic regimens among Thais with hypertension. A hypothesized casual model, based on empirical evidence, was used to guide the study. This indicated the relationship between adherence to therapeutic regimens and significant predictors in persons with hypertension and other chronic illnesses. Multi-stage random sampling was employed to obtain a sample of 321 Thai persons attending four hypertension clinics in public primary hospitals in a province in northern Thailand. Data were collected via seven instruments, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearsons’ product moment correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling using the Generalized Least Square technique in the LISREL program. Results indicated that social support, provider-patient, health belief, and perceived self-efficacy explained 49% of variance in the subjects’ adherence to therapeutic regimens. Perceived self-efficacy, social support and provider-patient communication had a direct positive effect on their adherence to therapeutic regimens. Health belief and social support were found to have an indirect effect on adherence to therapeutic regimens via perceived self-efficacy. Knowledge of hypertension had no direct or indirect effect on the adherence to therapeutic regimens but was affected by provider-patient communication. To improve adherence to therapeutic regimens among patients with hypertension, health care providers, including nurses, should recognize factors influencing adherence to therapeutic regimens. This includes social support, health belief, provider-patient communication and perceived self-efficacy.
Divergent Requirements for EZH1 in Heart Development Versus Regeneration

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rationale: Polycomb repressive complex 2 is a major epigenetic repressor that deposits methylation on histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3K27me) and controls differentiation and function of many cells, including cardiac myocytes. EZH1 and EZH2 are 2 alternative catalytic subunits with partial functional redundancy. The relative roles of EZH1 and EZH2 in heart development and regeneration are unknown. Objective: We compared the roles of EZH1 versus EZH2 in heart development and neonatal heart regeneration. Methods and Results: Heart development was normal in Ezh1 −/− ( Ezh 1 knockout) and Ezh2 f/f ::cTNT −Cre ( Ezh 2 knockout) embryos. Ablation of both genes in Ezh1 −/− ::Ezh2 f/f ::cTNT −Cre embryos caused lethal heart malformations, including hypertrabeculation, compact myocardial hypoplasia, and ventricular septal defect. Epigenome and transcriptome profiling showed that derepressed genes were upregulated in a manner consistent with total EZH dose. In neonatal heart regeneration, Ezh1 was required, but Ezh2 was dispensable. This finding was further supported by rescue experiments: cardiac myocyte-restricted re-expression of EZH1 but not EZH2 restored neonatal heart regeneration in Ezh 1 knockout. In myocardial infarction performed outside of the neonatal regenerative window, EZH1 but not EZH2 likewise improved heart function and stimulated cardiac myocyte proliferation. Mechanistically, EZH1 occupied and activated genes related to cardiac growth. Conclusions: Our work unravels divergent mechanisms of EZH1 in heart development and regeneration, which will empower efforts to overcome epigenetic barriers to heart regeneration.
Partners in progress: Soybean research at OSU, supported by the Oklahoma Soybean Board and the United Soybean Board, 1999

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service periodically issues revisions to its publications. The most current edition is made available. For access to an earlier edition, if available for this title, please contact the Oklahoma State University Library Archives by email at libscua@okstate.edu or by phone at 405-744-6311.
The topology of certain 3-Sasakian 7-manifolds

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We calculate the integer cohomology ring and stable tangent bundle of a family of compact, 3-Sasakian 7-manifolds constructed by Boyer, Galicki, Mann, and Rees. Previously only the rational cohomology ring was known. The most important part of the cohomology ring is a torsion group that we describe explicitly and whose order we compute. There is a surprising connection with the combinatorics of trees.
SH0845126.10FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
AlInAsSb avalanche photodiodes on InP substrates

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We report the gain, noise, and dark current characteristics of random alloy Al0.79In0.21As0.74Sb0.26 (hereafter AlInAsSb)-based avalanche photodiodes (APDs) on InP substrates. We observe, at room temperature, a low excess noise corresponding to a k value (ratio of impact ionization coefficients) of 0.018 and a dark current density of 82 μA/cm2 with a gain of 15. These performance metrics represent an order of magnitude improvement of the k-value over commercially available APDs with InAlAs and InP multiplication layers grown on InP substrates. This material is also competitive with a recently reported low noise AlAsSb on InP [Yi et al., Nat. Photonics 13, 683 (2019)], with a comparable excess noise and a room temperature dark current density almost three orders of magnitude lower at the same gain. The low excess noise and dark current of AlInAsSb make it a candidate multiplication layer for integration into a separate absorption, charge, and multiplication layer avalanche photodiode for visible to short-wavelength infrared applications.
Editorial Note

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In an issue that contains a large dossier devoted to the philosophy of Paul Ricœur, we are, exceptionally, publishing a few texts in French. We believe that it is important for scholars of Ricœur’s philosophy to be able to deal with testimonies such as that offered by Catherine Goldenstein in their original formulation. We also appreciate the importance of the original French wording and semantic associations when it comes to grasping Ricœur’s arguments in all their completeness.The texts published in French are accompanied by metadata in English. Their bibliographies are also presented in English, for the sake of consistency with citation tracking systems. Footnotes have been formatted in line with French typographic customs, while still following the broad lines of the Chicago Manual of Style.
Lost in Transformation? Disparities of Gender and Age

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter discusses the relative fortunes of women in the transformation. It examines two employment outcomes: becoming and remaining unemployed; and obtaining and sustaining positions of authority or stable employment positions. Over the course of the 1990s, a shift occurred in the gender regime in East Germany and thus a partial convergence toward the gendered arrangement prevalent in West Germany. This shift involved a move from a dual-earner/state-carer society toward a dual-earner/female part-time homemaker arrangement, in which men were employed full time while their partners held part-time jobs and retained the majority of care-giving responsibilities. It resulted primarily from some voluntary reduction in East German women's labor supply, compounded by severe demand-side constraints that hit women especially hard.
Cysticercus Cellulosæ—Its Radiographic Detection in the Musculature and the Central Nervous System

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1. A brief outline of the life history, development, distribution, frequency and microscopic characters is given. 2. The initial symptoms of infestation are rarely recognised: there is a long latent period from infestation until the cysts are recognised as subcutaneous nodules or accidentally by radiography. 3. The cysts of Cysticercus Cellulosæ cannot be recognised radiographically until calcification has commenced within them. It is rare to see radiographic evidence under 5 years from the date of infestation. 4. The radiographic appearances of the early stages of calcification suggest that the calcium is first deposited in the residue of the fluid contents around the scolex; at this stage the cysts appear to be larger than the fully calcified cysts, for they undergo considerable shrinkage during calcification. The disposition of the calcium within the cyst accounts for variation in the radiographic appearances. 5. The fully calcified cysts appear as elongated ovoid opacities in the long axes of the muscular tissue involved. Cysts in the C.N.S. have a more globular shape. 6. Calcification within cysts in the central nervous system is very slow. A negative radiograph of the skull, even though radiographs of the skeletal musculature show fully calcified cysts, does not exclude the presence of multiple cysts in the brain. Radiographs of the head showing suspicious shadows should be repeated with the central X ray at a tangent to the area showing the shadow—this may show that the parasite is in the scalp. 7. Symptoms of cerebral irritation due to the parasite usually occur before any degenerative changes can be detected within the parasite, and the diagnosis should be confirmed by excision of a subcutaneous cyst. 8. While the presence of Cysticerci in the brain is often associated with epilepsy they are a rare cause of epilepsy in this country, and very rarely seen even in the musculature except in patients who have resided abroad. 9. The parasites inevitably die after a period of 4 or 5 years however favourable the host. They develop fully in the young host, but the tissues of the older person are unfavourable to their development. 10. The exhibition of certain protoplasmic poisons soon after the risk of infestation may kill the embryos and prevent the occurrence of symptoms. 11. The differential diagnosis of Trichina Spiralis, sarco cysts, tuberose sclerosis, etc., is considered.
Examination of B cell and IgG antibody responses in vaccination and HIV-1 infection

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The B cell subsets and protective functions of antibodies that underlie immune-control of HIV-1 infection and vaccine-induced immunity are poorly characterised. This thesis demonstrated that early control of HIV-1 infection was associated with the magnitude of opsonising IgG antibodies that induced phagocytosis of HIV-1 p24 capsid protein by plasmacytoid dendritic cells. The B cell compartment following vaccination was also examined using novel methodology developed here. The quality of vaccine-induced antibody responses was associated with the expansion of phenotypically distinct B cell, plasmablast and circulating follicular helper T cell subsets. These findings have important implications for the rational design of vaccines.
Water quality and phytoplankton characteristics in the Palk Bay, southeast coast of India.

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The present study was carried out to determine the water quality in terms of physicochemical characteristics and plankton distribution in the coastal waters of Kattumavadi, Palk Bay for a period of one year from April 2002 to March 2003. Air and surface water temperatures varied from 28 degrees C to 32.50 degrees C and from 27.5 to 32.0 degrees C while light extinction coefficient (LEC) varied between 0.95 and 1.85. Salinity ranged from 26.0 to 34.5 per thousand and the pH ranged between 7.95 and 8.35. Variation in dissolved oxygen content was from 4.15 to 7.18 ml(-1), and the particulate organic carbon (POC) content varied between 0.49 and 2.28 mgCl(-1). Concentrations of nutrients viz. nitrate (2.15 to 8.28 microM), nitrite (0.12 to 0.62 microM), inorganic phosphate (1.28 to 2.15 microM) and reactive silicate (5.15 to 12.52 microM) also varied independently. Chlorophyll a content ranged from 0.28 to 1.48 mg m(-3) and the primary productivity, from 4.19 to 16.08 mgCm(-3) hr(-1). The present study recorded a total of 43 species of planktonic diatoms and two species of blue-green algae. Population density of phytoplankton varied from 18,000 to 34,000 cells l(-1). Percentage composition, of the diatoms showed minimum values during the monsoon season and the maximum values during the premonsoon season.
Occurrence of a Thiothrix sp. Attached to Mayfly Larvae and Presence of Parasitic Bacteria in the Thiothrix sp

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Larvae of the mayfly ( Drunella grandis [Eaton]) from Diamond Fork Creek, Utah, were covered with a heavy growth of the sulfide-oxidizing bacterium Thiothrix. The bacterium did not seem to harm the mayfly, but the Thiothrix trichomes were parasitized by three morphologically distinct bacteria, two of which were cytoplasmic and one of which was probably periplasmic. At least two of the parasites destroyed the cytoplasmic contents of the Thiothrix sp., thus killing the host cell. Attempts to obtain the parasites in pure culture were unsuccessful.
Ameliorating effect of extracted Ginger oil against toxic effects of crude oil in male rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Aim of the study: Use extraction of medical herbal such as powder ginger extract observed to stimulate the hematological system as evidenced by a decrease in the total count of RBCs, platelets as well as hemoglobin percentage. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity and protective effect of ginger essential oil against the toxic effect of crude oil on the hematological parameters.Method: Crude oil was taken from the medical laboratory center in Missan province. Crude oil obtained from Missan oil company (MOC) Ltd sample type (No:38DI) Ginger (Zanjabar offcienales) was obtained from the local market, Missan city, and classified in the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science.Experimental animals: Twenty-four Albino Waster male rats weighing (150-200 g) were assigned into three groups (8 rats for each group). Group one was administered corn oil at a dose of 1ml for each rat daily basis for 30 days, group two was treated with ginger essential oil orally (50 mg/kg B.W.) once daily for 30 days, group three was treated orally with 600ul of crude oil mixed with 1 ml corn oil orally once daily for 30 days. Blood samples were collected in clean class tubes with EDTA anticoagulant. Complete blood pictures (CBC) shown from collected blood samples by automatic method (Celltac X kx 021n automated hematology analyzer, Japan CARE Co, LTD). The results: The results observed that ginger essential oil is composed of 55 chemical components identified according to retention times and area parentage area in the extracted oil. The main active chemical components were Zingiberen in percentage (17.1), followed by Cyclohexene (α-Sesquiphellandrene) in percentage (12.1%), à-Farnesene in percentage (11.9%) and Benzene (7.9%). Red blood cells (RBCs) observed a significant decrease in the count of red blood cells (RBCs) when administrated crude oil orally as a compared control group, while the rats that were given ginger essential oil observed no significant changes in RBC count. Decrease in hemoglobin concentration (Hb), Packed cell volume (PCV), and Platelets(Plt)after administrated of crud oil in dose 600ul, while the rats that administrated GEO observed no significant changes in Hb, PCVand Plt as compared with the control group. A significant increase in White Blood Cells(WBCs), Granulocytes (Neutrophils), Monocytes, and Lymphocytes after administration of crude oil as compared with the control group, while administration of GEO orally improved activity of WBCs, Granulocytes, Monocytes, and Lymphocytes.Conclusions: Exposure to crude oil may lead to abnormal changes in the hematological parameters and Ginger essential oil may have properties for protecting and ameliorating the toxic effects of crude oil even in high doses.
Protection of the red cross and red crescent emblems and the repression of misuse

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A certain State-recognized civilian hospital employed two kinds of doctors who appeared on its staff lists: full-time doctors, and part-time doctors used to reinforce its medical team during an armed conflict with a neighbouring country. Some weeks later the country was occupied by the enemy. Two part-time doctors on their way home in a private car marked with a red cross for protective purposes were stopped by a police patrol, which seized the car and confiscated the doctors' identifying armlets. This was done on the grounds that improper use was being made of the Red Cross emblem as a protective device, contrary to Articles 24, 25, 26 and 44 of the First Geneva Convention of 12 August 1949 for the amelioration of the condition of the wounded and sick in armed forces in the field, and Articles 20 and 21 of the Fourth Geneva Convention of 12 August 1949 relative to the protection of civilian persons in time of war.
LECTURER INNOVATION ON LEARNING MANAGEMENT DURING PANDEMIC TIME AT POSTGRADUATE UIN ALAUDDIN MAKASSAR

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The results of the study stated that the innovation of Postgraduate lecturers at UIN Alauddin Makassar during the pandemic, namely the form of innovation was maximized but the effect or impact of the innovation was not maximized, because it was caused by several factors that were constrained by students, for example network disturbances, when students were making presentations. The innovation of Postgraduate lecturers at UIN Alauddin Makassar in managing learning during the pandemic is less effective because based on the observations of researchers, it shows that some students are constrained in the network when the learning process takes place, students do not follow the lesson well, indicated by the presence of students who do not activate the camera, lack of focus in receive the subject matter, so that it does not achieve the proper learning objectives.