jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Aflatoxin M1 in human breast milk in Shahrekord, Iran and association with dietary factors Part B Surveillance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This survey was conducted to determine the occurrence and levels of aflatoxin M ₁ (AFM ₁) in 250 breast milk samples of lactating mothers, obtained from urban and rural regions of Shahrekord, Iran. Moreover, the association between AFM ₁ occurrence levels and dietary factors was assessed. AFM ₁ analysis was carried out using the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique for screening and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC–FLD) for confirmatory purposes. The toxin was detected in 39 samples (15.6%), ranging from 11.1 to 39.3 ng/l, of which 8 samples (3.2%) had levels above the Iranian national standard limit (25 ng/l). AFM ₁ occurrence and levels in breast milk samples obtained from rural regions were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) than those obtained from urban ones. It might be due to the different dietary patterns in these regions. It was found that dietary habits with more tendencies to consume bread, rice and non-alcoholic beer beverage significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) the risk of AFM ₁ occurrence in breast milk. In addition, higher consumption of bread, olive and traditional cream significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) the levels of AFM ₁ in breast milk samples. Further investigations should be performed to determine more precisely the association between AFM ₁ occurrence and dietary factors and also the risk of infant exposure to this mycotoxin.
Novel Species of Centrohelid Heliozoans (Centroplasthelida) for Freshwaters of Central and Southern Vietnam

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The species diversity, distribution, and morphological features of centrohelid heliozoans (Centroplasthelida) (Haptista: Centroplasthelida Febvre-Chevalier et Febvre, 1984) from freshwaters of Central and Southern Vietnam have been studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Twelve species, belonging to Acanthocystidae, Choanocystidae, Pterocystidae, Raphidiophryidae, and Raphidocystidae families, have been found. Eleven species are new for Vietnam. Illustrated descriptions of species found are provided. The morphology of investigated centrohelids mainly corresponds to published data; however, some differences have been shown. The diversity of heliozoans in Vietnam and other regions has been discussed.
Implementasi E-ABK dalam Upaya Kebijakan Pemenuhan Pegawai pada Bagian Hukum dan Kerja Sama Kota Surabaya

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to describe and describe the implementation of E-Workload Analysis in the process of fulfilling employees in the Legal and Cooperation Section of the City of Surabaya which is adjusted to the Regulation of the Minister of State Apparatus Empowerment and Bureaucratic Reform Number 1 of 2020 concerning position analysis and workload analysis and in Mayor Regulation Number 104 of 2023 concerning the work system within the Surabaya City Government for bureaucratic simplification. This study uses Edward III's theory of the policy implementation model using four influencing indicators, namely, communication, resources, disposition and bureaucratic structure. This research is a qualitative descriptive research with observation techniques adapted to data from the Legal and Cooperation Section of the City of Surabaya. The results of the study show that the implementation of the e-Workload Analysis policy in fulfilling employees in the Legal and Cooperation Section of the City of Surabaya has met the requirements and is in accordance with the workload borne by employees in each position because it is adjusted to its supporting aspects. However, in the implementation of filling out the e-ABK itself, there are still delays in filling because there is work that must be done, apart from that, there are still employees who do not understand the technical aspects of the work so that it is necessary to re-assist.
Functional evolution of a morphogenetic gradient

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) pattern the dorsal-ventral axis of bilaterian embryos; however, their roles in the evolution of body plan are largely unknown. We examined their functional evolution in fly embryos. BMP signaling specifies two extraembryonic tissues, the serosa and amnion, in basal-branching flies such as Megaselia abdita, but only one, the amnioserosa, in Drosophila melanogaster. The BMP signaling dynamics are similar in both species until the beginning of gastrulation, when BMP signaling broadens and intensifies at the edge of the germ rudiment in Megaselia, while remaining static in Drosophila. Here we show that the differences in gradient dynamics and tissue specification result from evolutionary changes in the gene regulatory network that controls the activity of a positive feedback circuit on BMP signaling, involving the tumor necrosis factor alpha homolog eiger. These data illustrate an evolutionary mechanism by which spatiotemporal changes in morphogen gradients can guide tissue complexity.
Drugs and Pharmaceuticals: Safety Considerations

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Man and animals are prone to a wide variety of diseases and infections. Over the centuries and decades humans suffer due to known (identifiable) and unknown (not well diagnosed) diseases and ailments, making it imperative to introduce a large number of newer and newer drugs. Very often these conditions need multiple drug therapy for effective cure. In this context, the safety and efficacy of the therapy is of immense importance. Drugs are known to possess physical and chemical incompatibilities. During the manufacturing of drugs and pharmaceutical dosage forms care should be taken to contain the ill effects. Also, complete care is necessary in handling and disposal, especially with potent drugs and the associated problems that result from their storage and packaging in pharmacies and health care industries. The present chapter deals with therapeutic incompatibilities such as drug interactions and associated toxicities, accidental or deliberate poisoning, and treatment of adverse effects in emergency in the health care industry. The understanding of the drug interactions is essential for workers because it is associated with the potentiation or alteration of therapeutic effects vis-à-vis the skills background knowledge of the personal and professionals working in the factories, store house, and the clinical industries as a whole. During the multiple drug therapy many a times one mixes two medicines of different classes and administer to the patient. Under such conditions it is possible that some of these drugs either loose their activity or rarely may have an enhanced effect. This change is known as incompatibility hence the pharmacist/doctor/nurse must use his pharmaceutical knowledge and pharmacological background, which will help an appropriate line of action. There are many reports of interactions of plastic bags, plastic syringes, aluminium needles with medicines where additives/materials of these packaging materials either reacts or leach out into the formulations. This information will help the manufacturers and packaging agents to exercise caution during the processing, packaging and storage of drugs meant for human consumption. The handling of toxic compounds such as anticancer agents, demand proper handling with protective clothing and hand gloves. Industrial pharmacists or workers should be well aware of the possible physical and physico-chemical incompatibilities and chemical incompatibilities. This chapter deals on different important aspects associated with accidental, deliberate or acute poisoning of drugs leading to adverse effects and drug abuse.
Impact of an independent‐study programme upon professional careers

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Summary A survey of graduates of the Independent‐Study Programme (ISP) at the College of Medicine, University of Illinois, was conducted in order to assess the impact of the ISP on their subsequent careers. Responses from ninety‐nine of these graduates, when compared with their classmates, lend strong support to the idea that such an independent study programme has long‐lasting effects on the participants. The ISP graduates are selecting a medical subspecialty in a much higher percentage than their classmates or the national average. They also are engaging in more research, administration, and teaching. Differences between the ISP and the traditional graduates are explained in terms of unique educational opportunities, contact with teachers and peers, orientation towards independent learning and curricular requirements.
Cyberchondria, Coronavirus, and Cybercrime

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Humans are adapting to and increasingly relying on technology particularly in times of global crisis. As online audiences increase, so does the risk of cybercrime. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is discussed in the context of health anxiety, the infodemic and cyberchondria, along with cybercriminal exploitation of pandemic-induced human anxiety and psychological vulnerability. Health anxiety, uncertainty, social isolation, changes to work-life practices, information seeking, mistrust of public health organisations, and the spread of false information all arguably intersect – leading to a global state of human vulnerability and therefore presenting opportunities for cybercriminals. There is a requirement for global agencies such as the United Nations, the WHO, INTERPOL, and governments to take action. Police agencies worldwide need to extrapolate learnings regarding the current pandemic and attendant increase in cybercrime and based on those findings move to form a global coalition with industry partners to investigate, predict, and prevent a potential future cybercrime pandemic.
Modification of premature response of Vitis vinifera to pathogens relating to Esca disease and Biocontrol Vintec® through a metabolomic approach.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Esca disease is one of the most destructive grapevine trunk disease. Phaeoacremonium minimum and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora are two of the known fungal pathogens associated to this disease. Today, biocontrol products against Esca are mainly based on the use of strain of the mycoparasite fungal genus Trichoderma such as the Vintec® solution. The aim of this study was to assess premature response of woody tissues to Esca pathogens and identify metabolites which could be correlated with a biocontrol activity within a complex woody matrix. An untargeted liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry metabolomic approach coupled to a spectral similarity network was used to highlight clusters of compounds associated with the plant response to pathogens and biocontrol. Dereplication highlighted glycerophospholipids and polyphenol compounds, in particular stilbenoids. Antifungal activity of relevant biomarkers, evaluated in vitro on Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, suggests that some of these compounds can play a role to limit the development of Esca pathogens in planta.
Resistance to chloroquine of Plasmodium falciparum from Burma

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Resistance to chloroquine of Plasmodium falciparum from Burma Get access David F. Clyde, David F. Clyde University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nyunt Hlaing, Nyunt Hlaing Malaria Institute, Aung San Myo, Burma Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Franco Tin Franco Tin Malaria Institute, Aung San Myo, Burma Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 66, Issue 2, 1972, Pages 369–370, https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(72)90258-1 Published: 01 January 1972
Ethics and Psychiatry

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Neutralization assays are important in understanding and quantifying neutralizing antibody responses towards SARS-CoV-2. The SARS-CoV-2 Lentivirus Surrogate Neutralization Assay (SCLSNA) can be used in biosafety level 2 (BSL-2) laboratories and has been shown to be a reliable, alternative approach to the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). In this study, we optimized and validated the SCLSNA to assess its ability as a comparator and pre-screening method to support the PRNT. Comparability between the PRNT and SCLSNA was determined through clinical sensitivity and specificity evaluations. Clinical sensitivity and specificity produced acceptable results with 100% (95% CI: 94-100) specificity and 100% (95% CI: 94-100) sensitivity against ancestral Wuhan spike pseudotyped lentivirus. The sensitivity and specificity against B.1.1.7 spike pseudotyped lentivirus resulted in 88.3% (95% CI: 77.8 to 94.2) and 100% (95% CI: 94-100), respectively. Assay precision measuring intra-assay variability produced acceptable results for High (1:≥ 640 PRNT50), Mid (1:160 PRNT50) and Low (1:40 PRNT50) antibody titer concentration ranges based on the PRNT50, with %CV of 14.21, 12.47, and 13.28 respectively. Intermediate precision indicated acceptable ranges for the High and Mid concentrations, with %CV of 15.52 and 16.09, respectively. However, the Low concentration did not meet the acceptance criteria with a %CV of 26.42. Acceptable ranges were found in the robustness evaluation for both intra-assay and inter-assay variability. In summary, the validation parameters tested met the acceptance criteria, making the SCLSNA method fit for its intended purpose, which can be used to support the PRNT.
The effect of international oil price on LNG price in South Korea and Japan

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we investigate the differences between LNG price of South Korea and Japan. Although S. Korean and Japanese LNG markets have similar structures, there are some differences in the price formation. From DCC-MGARCH, we confirm that Japan LNG price have less persistence of disturbance on time than S. Korean LNG price. The conditional correlation also shows linkage effects between LNG prices and impacts of S-curve and DS-curve. Moreover, ARDL estimation result shows that there is co-integration in all models and that impacts of Fukushima accident and LNG volumes are responsible for the increase in Japanese LNG price. Also, adjustment speed of error correction term shows that Japan's deviation from long-run equilibrium disappears faster than S. Korea does, indicating relatively strong Japanese linkage between LNG price and oil price.
Heavy Metal Contamination and Health Risk Assessment of Groundwater Sources to Waste Dumpsites in Port Harcourt

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Heavy metal contamination and health risk assessment of groundwater ingestion in proximal relation to waste dumpsites in Port Harcourt were investigated during the rainy and dry season of 2020. Five (5) sampling points were established and designated as Groundwater (GW) as follows: GW1, GW2, GW3, GW4, and GW5 respectively. The control station used was GW5. Nine (9) heavy metals (Cd, As, Mn, Cu, Hg, Ni, Fe, Pb, and Zn) were assessed during the period using an atomic absorption spectrometer and were compared with National Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) of Nigeria. The Estimated Daily Intakes of Metal (EDIM) of these metals for adult males, females, and children revealed no significant health issues during the wet and dry seasons. However, the Health Risk Index (HRI) for non-carcinogenic revealed that during the wet season Pb in the control station (GW5) had a concentration of 4.000E+0 mg/kg/day that was far higher than unity (HRI<1) for females. The Arsenic (As) values for children at GW1, 2, and 3 were also higher than unity. The pollution index for each heavy metal across sample location showed that Fe in GW1 and 3 during the dry season was high while in the wet season, values for Cu in GW4 was very high, Fe in GW1 and 2, and Mn in GW2 were higher than the unity. The overall pollution index of the heavy metal studied revealed that only Fe exceeded the unity value during the dry season whereas Cu, Fe, Pb, and Mn concentrations were also higher during the wet season. This calls for concern considering the vulnerability of children and women who may have been exposed to groundwater sources via ingestion. The heavy metal contamination as observed in this study may have occurred due to anthropogenic activities superimposed by the unregulated insanitary waste disposal phenomenon.
Occurrence Download

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

A dataset listing the 125 species recorded in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "GadmGid is BRA.13.26_2", "TaxonKey is Plantae" ] } The dataset's 125 records were derived from 32 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0192988-240321170329656/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Kant's Theory of Evil: An Essay on the Dangers of Self-Love and the Aprioricity of History, by Pablo Muchnik. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2009. Pp. 183 + xxix. ISBN 978-0-7391-4016-1. Hardback, $65.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Kant's Theory of Evil: An Essay on the Dangers of Self-Love and the Aprioricity of History, by Pablo Muchnik. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2009. Pp. 183 + xxix. ISBN 978-0-7391-4016-1. Hardback, $65. - Volume 15 Issue 2
The Effectiveness of Legal Policies on Micro and Small Business Empowerment in Pandemic Time

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Introduction: MSMEs made a significant contribution to the Indonesian economy at the beginning of 2018. However, since COVID-19 has become a global pandemic, micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) have been heavily impacted, due to a series of social restriction policies enacted by the government. In order to resolve issues, the government must assist and empower the MSME sector so that it can survive the pandemic. However, not many studies have been carried out regarding the extent to which empowerment policies by local governments have been effective in the field. Purposes of the Research: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the legal policies in empowering the micro and small enterprises (MSEs) during the pandemic based on the case of Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi.Methods of the Research: This is an empirical normative legal research that uses primary and secondary data with descriptive and qualitative analysis.Results of the Research: The results show that the empowerment policy in South Sulawesi has been regulated in Provincial Regulation Number 7 of 2019 concerning Cooperatives and Small Enterprises, where there are ten forms of facilitating MSE empowerment. Even though it has established the Cooperatives and MSMEs Office, the Gowa Regency Government does not yet issue spesific regulations on the empowerment of MSEs. Based on field data analysis, it was found that several forms of empowerment facilitation had been received by the respondents but were not evenly distributed. Empowerment received mostly focused on capital facilitation, while ignoring other form of facilitations. Thus, the existing policies have not been implemented effectively. This is influenced by several factors such as legal substance that do not provide legal certainty; legal structure factors, including the lack of apparatus and supporting facilities; and cultural factors, such as pragmatic behavior and low awareness of MSE actors.
In-Silico Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of a Nanostructured Hydrogel as a Dimethoate Removal Agent

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study describes the in-silico design, synthesis, and evaluation of a cross-linked PVA hydrogel (CLPH) for the absorption of organophosphorus pesticide dimethoate from aqueous solutions. The crosslinking effectiveness of 14 dicarboxilic acids was evaluated through in-silico studies using semiempirical quantum mechanical calculations. According to the theoretical studies, the nanopore of PVA cross-linked with malic acid (CLPH-MA) showed the best interaction energy with dimethoate. Later, using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, three hydrogels with different proportions of PVA:MA (10:2, 10:4, and 10:6) were used to evaluate their interactions with dimethoate. These results showed that the suitable crosslinking degree for improving the affinity for the pesticide was with 20% (W%) of the cross-linker. In the experimental absorption study, the synthesized CLPH-MA20 recovered 100% of dimethoate from aqueous solutions. Therefore, the theoretical data were correlated with the experimental studies. Surface morphology of CLPH-MA20 by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was analyzed. In conclusion, the ability of CLPH-MA20 to remove dimethoate could be used as a technological alternative for the treatment of contaminated water.
Treatment of Tetanus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

_MEDJtAL JOURNAL may cease to vomit throughout her stay in hospital, thus testing the credulity of her medical attendant.A radiologist needs skill and experience to demonstrate a hiatus hernia.Resolution is rapid in the puerperium, and attempts to make a post-partum diagnosis may be un- successful because of the diminution in size of the hernia, or even its disappearance.Rigler and Eneboe (1935), Bourgeois and Hood (1949), and Schnepp (1943) all com- mented on this feature, our experience of which has been similar.It is not intended to claim that hiatus hernia always causes trouble in pregnancy, or that such a hernia is always responsible for heartburn, vomiting, or haematemesis.We have seen cases illustrating the contrary.It would seem that there is a need for a large-scale investigation to ascertain the role of hiatus hernia in heart- bum and vomiting of pregnancy. SummaryThe association of hiatus hernia with pregnancy is described.Nine cases with symptoms attributed to a hiatus hernia in pregnancy are reported.The literature is briefly reviewed.The need for further investigation is recognized.
Using Microcontroller Based Digital Portable Soil Testing Device (“Matir Pran”) for Agricultural Sector Development

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The major economic sector in Bangladesh is agriculture, which contributes 19.6% of the nation's GDP and employs 63% of the residents. The agricultural products feature like growth, quality dependent on the soil condition. Now a day’s most of the farmer’s family in Bangladesh uses smart phone. Based on this availability of smart devices and huge potentiality of uses of the devices, this project and study have been done for finding the common most useful two features of soil like measuring the pH level and testing the moisture of soil instantly, which usually reported after a long-time traditional process of analysis. These android-based apps incorporated in the smart device, which help the farmer to plant crops based on the testing parameters - pH level and moisture displayed in the screen of the devices. After testing android apps suggests the farmers- which types crops they can plant in this field, it can also suggest the way of increasing and decreasing the pH level. Arduino Nano, OLED display, pH sensor, moisture sensor are the main hardware and XML, material design (for front end) and JAVA, SQLite database, (for back end) are the software uses in the project.