jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Skin Tuberculosis: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 17 year old boy presented with multiple non healing ulcers over the right lower limb and left upper limb for 13 years which were non responsive to varieties of treatment modalities used in his locality. There were also contracture deformities of the affected limbs. Clinically the diagnosis was quite confusing. but histopathology of specimen from skin lesion confirmed it as a case of skin tuberculosis. The patient was put on anti TB drugs and the ulcers responded well and started to heal rapidly. Some reconstructive surgery will be done for his contractures after completion of the anti TB drug regimen and proper healing of ulcers. DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v27i2.4255 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2009; 27: 107-111
Generation of Mature Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells in the Presence of\nHeparin and Monocyte Conditioned Medium: Phenotypic and Functional\nComparison

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

\nBackground: Dendritic cells (DC) induce tumor or pathogen-specific T cell\nresponses in humans. Several laboratories have developed culture systems, including\nmaturation factors for human DC from peripheral blood monocytes. We comprehensively\ncompared standard maturation stimulus, an autologous monocyte-conditioned medium (MCM),\nwith heparin for their ability to promote uniformly mature DC that elicit T cell\nresponses. Methods: A short (4-day) priming of plastic adherent monocytes\nwith granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-4 with or without\nheparin was followed by 48-hour incubation in MCM to generate fully mature and stable DC.\nPhenotypic and functional analyses were carried out using anti-CD14 and anti-CD83\nmonoclonal antibodies, and mixed lymphocyte reaction, respectively. Results:\nWe found that fully matured DC with a large amount of cytoplasm and copious dendritic\nprojections were visible at the end of culturing period in the presence of MCM, heparin\nand MCM plus heparin. Thus, DC generated with these maturation factors are non-adherent\nand have typical satellite morphology. Flow cytometric analysis using anti-CD14 (monocyte\nmarker) and anti-CD83 (mature DC marker) revealed that expression of CD14 decreased in MCM\nplus heparin-treated DC, and the expression of CD83 was increased when heparin and MCM\nused as a maturation factor. Functionally, MCM and MCM plus heparin-treated DC showed\nstronger mixed leukocyte reaction than heparin alone. Conclusion: These\nresults support the use of the MCM with heparin as maturation factor that could result in\nfunctionally mature monocyte-derived DC in comparison to either MCM or heparin alone.
Talking pictures: Temporal grouping and dialog-supervised person recognition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We address the character identification problem in movies and television videos: assigning names to faces on the screen. Most prior work on person recognition in video assumes some supervised data such as screenplay or handlabeled faces. In this paper, our only source of `supervision' are the dialog cues: first, second and third person references (such as "I'm Jack", "Hey, Jack!" and "Jack left"). While this kind of supervision is sparse and indirect, we exploit multiple modalities and their interactions (appearance, dialog, mouth movement, synchrony, continuity-editing cues) to effectively resolve identities through local temporal grouping followed by global weakly supervised recognition. We propose a novel temporal grouping model that partitions face tracks across multiple shots while respecting appearance, geometric and film-editing cues and constraints. In this model, states represent partitions of the k most recent face tracks, and transitions represent compatibility of consecutive partitions. We present dynamic programming inference and discriminative learning for the model. The individual face tracks are subsequently assigned a name by learning a classifier from partial label constraints. The weakly supervised classifier incorporates multiple-instance constraints from dialog cues as well as soft grouping constraints from our temporal grouping. We evaluate both the temporal grouping and final character naming on several hours of TV and movies.
Feed enzymes for ruminants. The need for a rational screening system

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Enzymes that degrade the plant cell wall, collectively termed cellulases and hemicellulases, have attracted considerable research efforts recently, because of their potential to be used as additives for animal feeds. Widely used in monogastric animals, mainly to remove antinutritional factors (Bedford, 2000), enzymes are increasingly used in ruminant diets to enhance feedstuff degradability, following results from feeding trials where positive responses in rumen digestion and animal production were observed (Beauchemin et al. , 1995; Feng et al. , 1996; Yang et al. , 1999). Enzymes could also provide an environmentally friendly alternative to the use of antibiotics as feed additives for ruminants.
Syntheses of Lambertellols and Their Stable Analogues; Investigation of the Real Active Species in the Mycoparasitism by Lambertella Species

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Lambertellols A (1) and B (2), isolated from mycoparasites Lambertella species, were synthesized. The synthesis features intramolecular aldol-type cyclizations of aldehydes 12 and 14 and site specific oxidations of 1-hydroxylambertellols as key steps. The synthesis also provided all diastereomers of 1-hydrolambertellols 17-19 and 25. Chiral resolution made the optically active forms available, which enabled the investigation of the real active species in the mycoparasitism by Lambertella species against Monilinia fructigena. These experiments suggested that lambertellin (3) is responsible for this phenomenon. Chemically labile 1 and 2 should be converted to 3 during the bioassay. The parasite may excrete 1 and 2 as readily diffusible forms, which are then transformed into 3 to inhibit the host M. fructigena. The parasite may have acquired this "drug delivery system" mechanism as an evolutionary enhancement.
SH2741486.08FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Independence and impartiality of contract administrators in the New Zealand construction sector

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Contract administrators play essential roles in the construction sector, as they administrate the execution of construction contracts. A contract administrator acts as a representative of clients and an independent certifier to contractors. This dual role can bring conflicts within the contract administrator’s duty. Therefore, concerns have been raised whether contract administrators can perform their duties fairly and impartially when serving clients and contractors. This study examines the independence and impartiality of contract administrators in the construction sector. This study also reviews the current New Zealand standard construction contract forms to understand the role and position of contract administrators. A questionnaire survey was conducted in New Zealand to obtain views from 42 construction practitioners. The survey results suggest that independence and impartiality of contract administrators may exist in the New Zealand construction sector, manifesting that most survey respondents experienced a reasonable and fair performance from contract administrators when carrying out their duties. This study contributes to the existing knowledge of contract administration by revealing the existence of independence and impartiality of contract administrators in the New Zealand construction sector. Also, this study contributes to industrial practices by putting forward concerns and recommendations to improve the legal obligations of contract administrators in construction contract forms.
RETRACTED: A Study of the Quality of Life and Related Factors in Re-Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: The factors influencing rehospitalization of heart failure patients include dietary noncompliance, medication nonadherence, lack of social support, and poor self-care behaviors, which in turn affect patient treatment adherence, socioeconomic status, quality of healthcare, and quality of life. Therefore, the purpose of this study explored the quality of life of rehospitalized heart failure patients and associated factors. Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to explore the quality of life and associated factors of rehospitalized heart failure patients. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional survey design and used convenient sampling for the participant recruitment from April to June of the 113th year of the Republic of China. The study participants were rehospitalized heart failure patients from a medical center in northern Taiwan. A total of 33 participants were enrolled. Data was collected using questionnaires including basic properties, quality of life scale, social support scale, medication adherence scale and the European Heart Failure Self-Care Behavior Scale. Data analysis was conducted using the SPSS 24.0 statistical software. The statistical methods used included t-tests, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression and hierarchical regression analyses to assess the predictors of quality of life and their explanatory power. Results: The results of the study indicated that the quality of life of rehospitalized heart failure patients significantly correlated with the following factors: primary caregiver (t = -2.40, p < .05), self-care ability (t = -2.52, p < .01), chronic kidney failure (including Stage III-V) (t = 2.23, p < .05) and abnormal potassium levels in hemodynamics (t = 2.17, p < .05). The quality of life showed a low, non-significant positive correlation with social support, and a low, non-significant negative correlation with medication adherence and self-care behaviors. Predictive factors for the quality of life included living situation, self-care ability, hypertension, chronic kidney failure (including Stage III-V), duration of heart failure, days since the last hospitalization, social support, and quality of life. These factors accounted for 64% of the explanatory power, and after adjustment, 54% remained (F = 6.42, p < .05). Among all the factors, days since the last hospitalization had the highest explanatory power for quality of life. Conclusion: While causality cannot be inferred due to the study’s cross-sectional design, the findings suggest that improving self-care capacity and supporting patients post-discharge may enhance QoL and potentially reduce the likelihood of readmission. It is recommended that future studies increase the sample size and conduct larger cross-sectional or longitudinal studies to verify these associations.
Charles Lyell and the Geological Society

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Charles Lyell was a loyal and committed Fellow of the Geological Society from 1819 until 1875, serving as Secretary, Foreign Secretary and President. He was principally a theorist, his uniformitarian outlook strongly influenced by the work of James Hutton. The Society on the other hand was devoted to the collection and dissemination of facts; on the whole, theorizing was unwelcome. In line with this tradition the papers Lyell read to the Society are largely factual, and do not add a great deal to the ideas put forward in the Principles of Geology . However, his theories were not ignored by the Society, being noticed in the annual presidential address and, more importantly, in the unscripted and largely spontaneous discussions that took place after many of the papers read at the Society’s evening meetings.
Yield Stability and GEI by AMMI Model in Niger (Guizotia abyssinica L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present investigation was carried out with forty Niger genotypes at multi-environments for assessment of genotype x environment interaction and identification of high yielding and stable genotypes of Niger crop. Forty Niger genotypes were tested across five multi-environments in a randomized block design with replication thrice during Kharif, 2018 and Kharif, 2019. Combined analysis of variance and AMMI analysis of pooled data showed that genotype, environment and GEI effect were highly significant (p < 0.01) for seed yield. As per AMMI GGE biplots, two different mega-environments (METs) were identified, the first MET consists E1, E3 and E4 which are potential and excellent sites for discrimination of superior genotypes and second MET includes E2 and E5 were stable places. The genotypes, G28, G33, G8, G17, and G3 (seed yield plant-1), and G6, G33, G8, G17 and G3 (seed yield plot-1) were suitable for favorable environments while G4 and G7 (seed yield plant-1), and G27, G20, G1, G37 and G25 (seed yield plot-1) were suitable for unfavorable environments. Considering all the stability parameters and AMMI GGE biplots, genotypes, G36, G32, G24 and G10 had high mean seed yield and stable across the environments. These superior genotypes about grain yield and GEI impact, and can be recommended for future investigations.
The Effect of Ophiocephalus striatus Extract on Quantitative Measurement of Biceps Brachii and Rectus Femoris in Patients with Mechanical Ventilation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction A freshwater fish Ophiocephalus striatus (OS) or known locally to Indonesian as haruan, has potentials to retain musclemass of critically ill patients following its high content of amino acids, fatty acids, minerals, and vitamins. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of OS on quantitative measurements of biceps brachii and rectus femoris in patients with mechanical ventilation. Methods This was a double-blinded randomized controlled trial at tertiary hospital between July- September 2019. The study included patients aged 18-65 years old with mechanical ventilation whereas patients with chronic kidney disease, paraparesis, or neuromuscular disorders were excluded. Forty-two patients were divided into extract group (n=19) who received 15 g of OS extract daily and control group (n=23) who received none. Quantitative measurements of both muscles were determined by measuring cross sectional area (CSA) using ultrasonography by one radiologist. Data were collected at 1st and 7th day, while the intervention was administered in-between. Independent sample T-test, Mann-Whitney test, and multivariate study using general linear model (GLM) were used for statistical analysis. Results The changes of CSA on biceps brachii and rectus femoris muscles from before to after intervention between extract group compared to control group were 5,30 Â± 2,41 to 6,09 Â± 1,81 vs. 5,16 Â± 2,50 to 4,16 Â± 1,94 (p=0.002) and 2,45 (1,10 â€“ 5,90) to 3,47 (1,13 â€“ 8,18) vs 3,85 (1,09 â€“ 9,06) to 2,78 (1,06 â€“ 7,27) (p=0.230), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed significant differences between extract and control group for both muscles with p value of <0.001 and 0.001 respectively. Conclusion Supplementation of Ophiocephalus striatus extract was associated with a significant increase of biceps brachii and rectus femoris CSA in patients with mechanical ventilation. Keywords: Ophiocephalus striatus, ultrasonography, cross sectional area, biceps brachii muscle, rectus femoris muscle
[Early complications after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy and their risk factors].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To identify risk factors for early complications in patients after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy (RARC) and a standardized reporting model to predict complications precisely and recommend reasonable prophylaxis. Methods: A total of 90 patients with bladder cancer, who underwent RARC in the Second Xiangya Hospital and the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 2016 to January 2018, were enrolled for this study. Their clinical information, preoperative examination and follow-up data within 90 d after RARC were collected. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were performed to identify risk factors for early complications after RARC. Results: The overall incidence of complications within 90 d after RARC was 48.9% (44/90), including 9 cases of Clavien grade 1, 17 cases of Clavien grade 2, 4 cases of Clavien grade 3, 12 cases of Clavien grade 4, and 2 cases of Clavien grade 5. Acute renal injury (22.2%), intestinal obstruction (16.7%), urinary tract infection (14.4%) and lymphatic leakage (10.0%) were the most common complications within 90 d after the operation. Two patients (2.2%) died within 90 d after the operation. Preoperative BMI (OR=1.16, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.32), postoperative instant (≤30 min) serum creatinine (OR=1.02, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.03), and pT stage (OR=1.67, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.68) were the risk factors for early complications after RARC. Conclusion: The incidence of early complications after RARC is high. Preoperative hemodialysis, correction of anemia, intraoperative protection of renal function, and early recovery after surgery are helpful to prevent early complications after RARC.
sj-pdf-1-cep-10.1177_03331024231187162 - Supplemental material for Symptoms associated with headache in youth

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-cep-10.1177_03331024231187162 for Symptoms associated with headache in youth by Carlyn Patterson Gentile, Geoffrey K. Aguirre, Andrew D. Hershey and Christina L. Szperka in Cephalalgia
RecombinantSaccharomyces Cerevisiaeas New Drug Delivery System to Gut: In Vitro Validation and Oral Formulation

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract The development of recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) technology has allowed the emergence of novel applications such as drug production directly in the human digestive environment (“in situ”) by ingested living recombinant microorganisms. Genetically engineered microorganisms offer several advantages over classical dosage forms, such as protection of active compounds and regulation of gene expression. This article focuses on the concept and applications of biodrug, scientific feasibility of biodrug concept using yeast as vector, and oral formulation of recombinant yeasts.
Beta‐adrenergic and muscarinic regulation of the chloride current in guinea‐pig ventricular cells.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

1. Single guinea‐pig ventricular cells were voltage clamped using the patch clamp method combined with the pipette‐perfusion technique. The voltage‐dependent current systems were mostly blocked, and the background membrane conductance was measured by applying ramp pulses. 2. beta‐Adrenergic effectors and related substances such as adrenaline, isoprenaline, forskolin or internal application of cyclic AMP induced a current component which showed a reversal potential near the expected Cl‐ equilibrium potential as well as an outward rectification in the I‐V relation. It is suggested that the activation of this Cl‐ current was due to phosphorylation of the channel protein or related structure by the cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase. Coincidentally with the activation of the Cl‐ current, the membrane capacitance of the cell decreased reversibly. 3. Acetylcholine (ACh) depressed the responses induced by beta‐adrenergic stimulation and forskolin, but failed to interfere with the one induced by cyclic AMP. 4. The dose dependence of the Cl‐ current activation by isoprenaline or forskolin was fitted by the Hill equation, with a coefficient of 1.9 and a half‐maximum concentration K 1/2 = 13 nM for isoprenaline, and with a Hill coefficient of 3 and a K 1/2 = 1.2 microM for forskolin. In the presence of 5.5 microM‐ACh the dose‐response relation shifted to higher doses; K 1/2 was 65 nM for isoprenaline and 3.6 microM for forskolin. 5. Washing out ACh in the presence of isoprenaline frequently caused transient overshoots of the response. When a saturating concentration of isoprenaline was used, this rebound was not observed. 6. The internal application of cyclic GMP enhanced the response of the Cl‐ current induced by isoprenaline or adrenaline. 7. When cyclic AMP was applied internally, the response was small in most cells. When the cell was superfused with 20 microM‐IBMX (3‐isobutyl‐1‐methylxanthine), the Cl‐ current was consistently induced by the application of cyclic AMP. It is suggested that phosphodiesterase activity strongly buffered the influx of cyclic AMP through the patch pipette tip. 8. We suggest that the compensatory interaction between the beta‐adrenergic stimulation and the muscarinic inhibition is at the membrane level, most probably via GTP‐binding proteins in activating adenylate cyclase.
The Pterygospinous Foramen (Civinini) and the Pterygoalar (Crotaphitico-Buccinatorius). Laboratory Findings

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

El foramen pterigoespinoso y el foramen pterigoalar (crotafítico-buccinatorius) son formaciones variantes y atávicas de la base del cráneo y surgen respectivamente de osificaciones idiopáticas completas o incompletas, de los ligamentos pterigoespinoso y pterigoalar. Debido a la proximidad con áreas de relevancia para el diagnóstico y la cirugía, como las vías de acceso a los espacios parafaríngeo y retrofaríngeo, es necesario conocer estas condiciones por las dificultades que se generan en las maniobras quirúrgicas. Este estudio se realizó en 45 muestras de cráneos secos y huesos esfenoides desarticulados pertenecientes a la colección de la Universidad Federal de Juiz de Fora, campus Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Nuestros resultados indicaron una incidencia total de foramen pterigoespinoso y pterigoalar completo e incompleto (crotafítico-buccinatorius) en el 15,5 % (7 cráneos), con una mayor incidencia de la forma incompleta de foramen pterigoespinoso (agujero de Civinini) en 4 cráneos (8,8 %), con 3 de presentación unilateral y 3 de presentación bilateral. El foramen pterigoalar (crotaphitico-buccinatorius o Hyrtl) se observó bilateralmente en 1 de los cráneos (2,2 %). El foramen pterigoespinoso y pterigoalar son hallazgos importantes, a veces incidentales, de un área de gran expresividad anatómica y ocurrencias patológicas, además de los estudios indispensables y poco claros de orden filogenético.