jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Electrical and photoluminescence properties of bulk GaAs after surface gettering

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The successful results on surface gettering of background impurities and defects in 1.6 mm thick (111) GaAs wafers have been obtained. For the gettering, the wafers were coated by a 1000 Å thick yttrium film either on one side or on both sides followed by a heat treatment. It has allowed the electron concentration to decrease from (1–2)´10 15 cm -3 down to 10 8 –10 10 cm -3 and the mobility to increase from 1500–2000 cm 2 V -1 s -1 up to 7000 cm 2 V -1 s -1 at 300 K. The distribution profiles of the electron concentration and of the hole effective lifetime throughout the wafer thickness as well as photoluminescence spectra at 2 K have been presented.
Workshop Zaklęte Rewiry - Krynica Morska 2016, Workshop Re:Brick - 2013 and 2014 Gdańsk

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The idea of the workshop was to activate local community and make them aware of
their responsibility for the natural and cultural heritage of the small fisherman village
Krynica Morska. Krynica is located on the “Mierzeja Wiślana” peninsula. There live less
than 1.500 inhabitants, but every summer the village changes into a holiday resort with
up to 30.000 visitors during the season. The holiday potential brings the threat of
pressure of investments and uncontrolled spatial growth — a process, which already
takes place and becomes visible in the pure quality of architecture and urban planning.
The task was to increase the awareness of the inhabitants and all responsible persons of
the importance and advantages of proper urban planning and also to help them realize
the bad consequences of processes like the uncontrolled urban sprawl and the
degradation of the historical substance of the city.
Accurate Quantification of C-Reactive Protein Across a Wide Dynamic Range

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute-phase reactant synthesized by the liver, is widely used clinically to evaluate patient health, and is employed in basic science studies as a biomarker of inflammation. CRP levels vary with age and differ among racial groups. From 2004 to 2009, blood samples were collected from 1,244 participants in the Midlife Development in the United States …
Prevalence of hypertension in a potential donors population

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cerebrovascular accidents, and cerebral hemorrhage in particular, are main causes of death among potential organ donors, wilst traumatic events are cause of death in a less percentage of donors. Being high blood pressure (HBP) a well known risk factor for cerebrovascular accidents, aim of this study was to assess its prevalence in a potential donors pool. In a three year period we studied a potential donors pool coming from a population of about 18 millions inhabitants. In this selected population we evaluated the presence of HBP relatively to different causes of death. Among 899 potential donors (538 M, 361 F, mean age 48 yrs, range 0-88) anamnestic HBP was globally present in 229 subjects (25.5%), of which 92 received antihypertensive treatment (40%). In 535 (59%) the cause of death was cerebrocardiovascular accident (CCV) (254 M, 278 F, mean age 57 yrs) and in 364 (40%) non-vascular events (NV) (276 M, 88 F, mean age 36). The subjects with CCV death were significantly older than those with NV death (p<.05). HBP was present in 211 (39%) of CCV deaths (mean age 61 vs 54 yrs of normotensive CCV deaths, n.s.) and in 18 (5%) of NV deaths (p<.001). 86 (41%) of hypertensive CCV deaths and 6 (33%) of hypertensive NV deaths received antihypertensive treatment (n.s.). In conclusion the prevalence of HBP was globally high in our population of potential donors, considering the relatively young age of subjects. However, HBP was more frequently present among CCV deaths. NV potential donors were significantly younger respect to CCV, which could justify the lower prevalence of HBP among these subjects. The difference in prevalence of HBP between CCV and NV potential donors is anyway significant, therefore confirming HBP as an important cause of fatal cerebrovascular accidents. Moreover antihypertensive treatment was referred only in 40% of subjects, underlining the non optimal management of this cardiovascular risk factor.
Evidence for the Role of Phospholipids in Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Binding to Membrane-Bound and Soluble Receptors from Calf Testis*

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The role of phospholipids in the interaction of FSH with receptors in the calf testis was explored by studying the effects of phospholipase-C (PL-C) on the binding of radioiodinated human FSH ([125I]iodo-hFSH) to three previously characterized but different preparations of FSH receptor: a membrane fraction derived from calf testis homogenate, a buffer-soluble receptor present in the cytosol of the calf testis homogenate, and a detergent-soluble receptor prepared from the membrane fraction by extraction with Triton X-100. Prior incubation with PL-C markedly reduced specific [125I]iodo-hFSH binding to the membrane-bound and buffer-soluble receptors. This loss in binding was associated with hydrolysis of phospholipids, was prevented by the addition of o-phenanthroline, an inhibitor of PL-C, but not by the addition of a protease inhibitor, and could not be reproduced by the addition of the products of PL-C hydrolysis. Enzyme treatment did not dissociate [125I]iodo-hFSH already bound to the buffer-soluble receptor and dissociated only 20% of [125I]iodo-hFSH bound to membrane receptor. PL-C treatment did not reduce [125I]iodo-hFSH binding to detergent-solubilized receptor, nor did it hydrolyze constituent phospholipids. The apparent resistance of the detergent-solubilized receptor to PL-C treatment was studied by incubating membranes with or without PL-C before detergent solubilization. Triton X-100 itself (2%) inhibited phospholipid hydrolysis by PL-C, but this could be overcome by reducing the detergent concentration 10-fold by dilution. Despite a marked decrease in specific [125I]iodo-hFSH binding to PL-C-treated membranes compared to that of untreated controls, the total amount of [125I]iodo-hFSH binding to Triton X-100 extracts of each membrane preparations was not significantly different. Addition of Triton X-100 to the buffer-soluble receptor restored 40% of the hormone binding that had initially been lost concomitant with enzymic hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids. It appears that constituent phospholipids play an important role in the interaction of FSH with membrane-bound or solubilized receptor and that Triton X-100 is able to substitute, although imperfectly, for phospholipids in that regard, probably because of its related amphipathic properties.
An Intriguing Case of Popliteal Vein Aneurysm Presenting as Foot Drop

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Neurological deficits with peripheral venous aneurysm are extremely rare. We report this rare event in an elderly female presenting with difficulty in walk for 2 months, a swelling in the right popliteal fossa, and inability to dorsiflex the right foot. She was successfully managed with surgical intervention.
A Legal Theory of Platform Law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper discusses the recently emerging platform law from a jurisprudential point of view. After defining the platform as a general coordination mechanism, it deals with topics such as the rationale for regulation, its main goals, and its general characteristics. According to the study, the main argument for regulation is that the platform, as a coordination mechanism, tends to become unstable without intervention, or to become harmful from the point of view of society. Above all, it tends to abuse the asymmetric power situation that exists between the platform and its users. These conditions must be prevented from occurring, and platform users must be protected in certain situations. The study lists four features that characterise platform law: its ex ante regulatory nature, the predominance of technology regulation and self-regulation, and the extensive use of user protection tools, such as complaint mechanisms, protection of user accounts, and explainability obligations. This toolbox partly resembles the long-established methods of consumer protection, but it also differs from it in certain ways.
Standard static tensile test for soft materials

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This Final Year Project (FYP) presents the work of project number B241, Standard Static Tensile Test for Soft Materials. The Mechanics of Materials Lab of Nanyang Technological University (NTU), N3.2-B2-01 is the venue where the student conducted all the experiments related to this project. The purpose for this report is to give the reader an overview of what this FYP is about. This project is a relatively new project as there are not many researches done on the testing of soft materials like durian shells. Static tensile testing is a common technique used to measure the ultimate tensile strength and the INSTRON machine 5569 will be used to do the testing. The tests are conducted based on the force applied on the specimen, resulting in necking process. The objective of the project is to find out about the tensile properties of durian shell fibres, in general the study of natural fibres, for better usage of soft materials in the near future. In order to achieve that, the student used the studies on the properties of wood to compare with the research results. The project will also look into the causes and solutions to the problems faced during the experiment, as well as the observations made during the experiment. Possible recommendations for the static tensile test will be discussed in order to improve the usage of soft materials.
<title>Smart temperature sensors</title>

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper discusses the conceptual design of a family of specially-designed temperature surety sensors made with shape-memory alloys (SMA). These sensors are capable of detecting a one time temperature excursion or variance form a predetermined temperature range. The propose designs can also be used to detect a one-time temperature rise and persistence above a certain pre-selected critical temperature. In that respect, these sensors relate to a family of one-time thaw sensors detecting whether or not frozen food items or other frozen products or objects experience a thawing-refreezing process in their journey from point A to point B. The proposed sensor can also detect a one time temperature excursion into non-allowable temperatures for non-frozen food, as well as pharmaceutical or other medical products. The essential design of these smart sensor is a lever arm attached to an SMA wire whose temperature is initially below Austenite start temperature or well into the Martensite region. As a given product experiences an undesirable temperature range which pushes the SMA material into the Austenite region the wire contracts and moves the lever arm outside a display window area and exposes either a red working indicator or a graduated scale calibrated to the range of temperature excursion experienced by the product. The sensor is designed such that if the temperature returns to normal the excursion indication will not disappear, but will permanently shown the amount of excursion above the temperature surety region for that product. Several possible design variations are presented and discussed. The proposed embodiments include a rupture type thaw sensor made with short SMA springs or bellows, SMA foil roll-up type sensors, SMA wire-loaded shutter type thaw sensors, SMA torsion strut-loaded shutter type thaw sensors, multiple shutter SMA wire-loaded thaw sensors, multiple shutter, SMA torsion-rod-loaded thaw sensors, and rupture-Type SMA spring-loaded thaw sensors.
Autworks: a cross-disease analysis application for Autism and related disorders.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Background: Motivated in part by the genetic heterogeneity of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and its overlap in behavior with other diseases, we tested the concept that more insight can be gained from the study of the network of ASD candidate genes than can be gained from the study of single genes alone, and in particular, the hypothesis that “knowledge links” to other related neurological disorders will add important context to identify novel candidate genes for experimental testing.
Khat-induced reproductive dysfunction in male rabbits

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The psychostimulating herbal drug khat (Catha edulis Forsk) is habitually used by \ninhabitants around the horn of Africa, including East Africa and Arabian Peninsula, but is \nalso imported in other countries. Khat has been shown to cause reproductive dysfunction \nin humans and experimental animals. However, the mechanism by which it influences \nreproductive parameters is not known. This study investigated the mechanism of action \nof khat on reproductive function in male rabbits. Twenty five male New Zealand White \nrabbits were divided into 5 groups of 5 animals each and administered with 0, 1.5, 4.5, \n13.5 and 40.5 g/kg body weight of khat extract, respectively, via intra-gastric tube. Blood \nsamples were collected at 15 minutes interval for up to 3 hr after khat administration and \nplasma assayed for levels of luteinising hormone (LH), testosterone and cortisol using \nradioimmunoassay technique. For histopathological examination, animals except for 4.5 \ng/kg body weight of khat extract were used. Two animals from each group were \nhemicastrated 7 days after khat extract administration to study acute effects while the rest \nof the animals were sacrificed after 58 days of khat administration and pituitary, testes \nand epididymis harvested to study chronic effects. The hormonal, haematological as well \nas data on clinical observation for difference in means among groups and over \nexperimental time period was analysed by two- way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s \nmultiple comparison post hoc test using SPSS statistical package.
UHF HIGH-Tc SQUID

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

For the first time we have designed, constructed and investigated an UHF high-T c SQUID pumped at 360 MHz at 77 K. The SQUID is based on an one-hole interferometer with a microbridge Josephson contact made of bulk YBaCuO ceramics by the standard technique of mechanical scribing, followed by finishing with a high-voltage discharge electroerrosion. Magnetic flux sensitivity of the UHF SQUID as measured by the output signal of a quadratic detector with a dc amplifier of 40 kHz bandwidth was found to be about 5 × 10−5ϕ 0 / Hz 1/2 in the quasiwhite noise region (at a frequency over 700 Hz).
VOICE CHAT TO DEVELOP STUDENTS’ SKILLS IN ONLINE DEBATE AND DISCUSSION

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract: The researcher conducted this research to the fourth semester students of English Study Program at FKIP Tanjungpura University Pontianak. The research purposes were to find out how the students perform their matter and manner in the online discussion forum and how the process of students perform their argumentations from the first to the last by using voice chat. This research was pre-experimental study. Using purposive random sampling technique and 22 students of fourth semester English Study Program were taken as the sample. Students’ voice recorder and transcript were the tool of data collection. The average score of the first performance was 61,68 and the last performance was 70,63. As the result, the alternative hypothesis was accepted and the Null Hypothesis was rejected. It means that the use of voice chat to develop students’ skills in online debate and discussion is significantly. The process of online discussion by using voice chat had successfully because the students’ scores move from average to good category. Besides, it had successfully driven students from conventional learning to blended learning. Key Words: V oice C hat, O nline D iscussion F orum, A cademic D ebate. Abstrak: Peneliti melaksanakan penelitian ini kepada mahasiswa semester empat program Studi Bahasa Inggris di FKIP Universitas Tanjungpura Pontianak. Tujuannya adalah untuk menemukan bagaimana mahasiswa menampilkan materi dan sikap di dalam forum diskusi online dan bagaimana proses dari mahasiswa menampilkan argumentasi dari awal hingga akhir penampilan dengan menggunakan voice chat. Penelitian ini adalah studi pra-experimen. Dua puluh dua siswa dari mahasiswa semester empat dipilih sebagai sampel. Perekaman suara siswa dan transkrip adalah alat dari pengumpulan data. Nilai rata-rata pada awal adalah 61,68 dan akhir penampilan adalah 70,63. Hipotesa alternative di terima dan Null hipotesa di tolak. Ini berarti bahwa penggunaan voice chat telah berhasil mengembangkan kemampuan siswa di debat secara online dan diskusi. Selain itu, proses dari online diskusi menggunakan voice chat sudah berhasil mengarahkan siswa dari conventional learning dan blended learning. Kata K unci: V oice C hat, F orum D iskusi O nline, D ebat A kademis.
Analysis on Combining Ability and Heritability of Phenotypic Character of Pod Pepper Inbred Lines

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

15 hybrid combinations were obtained from six pod pepper inbred lines with better productive performance and significant different characters by the incomplete double-row crossing design.The results from analyzing their combining ability and heritability of pepper length,pepper width,single pepper weight,peel thickness,plant height,peppers per plant,seeds per pepper and yield per plant showed that the characters of pepper width,peel thickness,peppers per plant,plant height,seeds per pepper,single pepper weight and nodal height at first flowering stage are mainly affected by gene additive effect and the characters of seeds per pepper and pepper length are mainly affected by non-additive effect of genes.The combining ability of integrated character of 024 inbred line is the best in 6 tested inbred lines and its specific combining ability of yield per plant is higher relatively.
Migration and the Life Course: a Case Study of African Female International Graduate Students at Illinois State University.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The number of graduate and undergraduate students from Africa in the United States (US) is rapidly increasing as Sub-Saharan Africans are among the fastest-growing foreign-born population in the US. Migration represents a significant turning point in individuals’ lives. Despite the growing body of research on international students in the US, there remains a gap in understanding the educational experiences of African students from a life course perspective. This study seeks to address this gap by examining student migration through the lens of the life course framework, leveraging current trends and patterns in international migration. Drawing on qualitative techniques, specifically narrative life histories, this research delves into the detailed experiences of nine African female international graduate students at Illinois State University employing a snowball sampling technique. These students hail providing Nigeria, Ghana, and Kenya and are 18-35 years old providing rich experiences in their educational journeys. The study revealed that agency, family dynamics, and household decision-making significantly shape the migratory trajectories of the participants. Challenges such as isolation, financial constraints, and visa issues are prevalent among this population. It found isolation, financial challenges, and visa issues as the challenges this population encounters. Moreover, the study highlights the concept of transnationalism, emphasizing how these students navigate between borders, embodying not just migration but transmigration. Another key finding of this research is the formation of communities as a crucial coping mechanism for students. The communities provide resources and support as they navigate their academic pursuits in the US. Furthermore, the study identifies a delay in traditional life transitions, such as marriage and childbearing, among the participants. Many are unmarried and prioritize their academic endeavors, with aspirations to pursue doctoral studies to enhance their career prospects.
Consumer Fraud against Older Adults in Digital Society: Examining Victimization and Its Impact

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The European population is aging, which means more people aged sixty-five and over are at risk of financial exploitation. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding whether older persons are at greater risk of fraud than younger counterparts due to physical, economic, and social factors or, rather, whether they are slightly protected from fraud in the digital era due to less frequent online activity. Moreover, little is known about the financial, emotional, psychological, and physical impacts of fraud experiences amongst older generations in digital society. We employ multilevel modelling on a sample of EU citizens (n = 26,735) to analyze these issues. The results show that, holding other factors constant, older adults are more likely to suffer fraud in general, but not fraud via online channels. Identity theft in which the offender attempts to trick the victim by impersonating a reputable organization is found to be particularly relevant for citizens aged sixty-five and above. Older persons are less likely to suffer a financial impact but more likely to experience anger, irritation, embarrassment, and negative impacts on their physical health from fraud in general as well as from online fraud. Many organizations aim to help protect older adults from financial crime and its impacts; thus, the results emphasize the need to understand particular fraud categories suffered by older generations and to design support programs that fully take into account the non-financial impacts of this crime.
Spectral Distributions of the Stray Radiation in the Vicinity of X-ray and Cobalt-60 Units

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A scintillation spectrometer able to receive radiation from any given direction has been used to measure the spectral distributions of the radiation near the doors and viewing windows of the rooms housing a 280-kVp machine and a 60Co unit at the Saskatoon Cancer Clinic. From the spectra obtained, certain general features of the scattered radiation are presented.
Effect of Medium Moisture on Growth, Osmotic Adjustment and Recovery Capacity of Cabbage Plug Seedlings During Low-temperature Storage

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This experiment studied the effect of different medium moisture on plant growth, water relations, and accumulation of osmotic adjustment substances of cabbage plug seedlings during low-temperature storage in darkness and on the photosynthetic and transpiration rates after removal from storage and transplanting. The plants were not watered from 0 (control), 1 (D), and 2 (DD) d before the start of storage. The results indicated that plant growth, and leaf relative water content and leaf saturated osmotic potential under water stress treatment significantly decreased compared with the control at the end of storage. However, the water stress resulted in increase in the proline contents in leaves, and abscisic acid, soluble sugar and total ion contents in plants. Starch contents in plants decreased significantly over storage time. After removal from storage and transplanting, plug cabbage seedlings under D treatment showed a faster and steadier recovery to photosynthesis and transpiration than the control.