jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
System Design of a Mobile Application to Support Foreigners Staying in Japan at the Time of a Disaster

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Various natural disasters occur all over the world. Under such circumstances, research is being actively conducted to predict natural disasters and reduce the damage caused by disasters. In addition, the development of mobile applications for obtaining and sharing information in the event of a disaster is also active. Japan is a country where disasters such as earthquakes, typhoons, heavy rains, and floods occur almost every year, and technological development and service operations to mitigate the damage are active. In Japan, social media, especially Twitter, is used as an effective way to collect and share information at the time of a disaster. However, most of the disaster information systems are supposed to be used by Japanese people, and most of the information distributed during a disaster is in Japanese. In this paper, we consider the system design of a mobile application to support foreigners staying in Japan in the event of a disaster.
Your most unhappy consumers are your greatest source of learning : the effects of avoidance type, company characteristics, and consumer characteristics on brand hate

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of avoidance type, company characteristics, and consumer characteristics on brand hate. Brand hate can be seen as the extreme negative affective component of attitude towards a brand. Outcomes of these attitudes can be brand avoidance or rejection, or even behavior as boycotting, or sabotage of company property.
In order to test the factors influencing brand hate, a 3 (experiential avoidance vs. identity avoidance vs. moral avoidance) x 2 (corporate social performance high vs. corporate social performance low) x 2 (corporate ability low vs. corporate ability high) between-subjects factorial design was executed in this study. Using an online questionnaire, a total of 382 respondents took part in this study. A fictional brand ‘Calmida’ was used to prevent effects due to brand preference or antipathy.
The results show that moral avoidance is the strongest motivator for brand hate, and that companies with a strong corporate social performance develop less brand hate within their consumers, compared to companies with a weak corporate social performance. Companies behind brand should always be aware that their brand’s management policies does not have a negative effect on society. In addition, it is important for companies to behave responsible, responsiveness and have clear policies and actions, while it leads to more loyal and satisfied consumers.
The author suggest further research to fully understand the topic of brand hate. It is recommended to examine brand hate in other countries, to identify potential cultural differences.
SH377637.07FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
MATERNAL OUTCOMES OF PREGNANCY-RELATED ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To determine the frequency of Pregnancy-related acute kidney injury in the Pakistani population and its effect on maternal health. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Nephrology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Combined Military Hospital Kharian, from Jan 2018 to Dec 2020. Methodology: All pregnant women with normal renal functions at the time of enrolment in the study and no previous history of any kidney disease or renal procedure in the recent past (at least 3 months) before conception were included in our study at Combined Military Hospital Kharian. All participants had serum creatinine tested at enrolment and were inquired specifically about any history of renal disease or any renal procedure in the recent past (at least 3 months old). Results: Mean maternal age in the study was 29 ± 7.67 years however it ranged from 16-41 years. Around a quarter of acute kidney injury cases occurred in the first and second trimesters combined, with 26 (12%) and 24 (11%) cases in the first and second trimesters, respectively. Thirty percent of acute kidney injury cases were diagnosed in the third trimester. A substantial number 58 (27%) of cases developed azotemia which persisted beyond three months and developed chronic kidney disease of various stages. Regarding maternal outcomes, 166 (77%) mothers recovered completely. However, 43 (20%) patients had some degree pf azotemia, a few cases required permanent renal replacement therapy. Conclusion: Acute kidney injury is a common problem in our community leading to suboptimal maternal outcomes..............
Mechanistic Kinetic Analysis of Fast Pyrolysis of Vanillin to Primary Phenols

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Vanillin is a major fine chemical in the flavoring industry and one of the pyrolysates from lignin. In order to understand the primary decomposition pathways of vanillin, analytical fast pyrolysis experiments were performed in the temperature range of 500°C–650°C, and the primary pyrolysates were quantified. The proposed pyrolysis chemistry involves 31 elementary reactions of 23 species. Thermodynamic and kinetic analyses were performed using quantum chemical density functional theory calculations. Reaction pathways for the formation of three major phenolics, viz., guaiacol, 5-formylsalicyaldehyde and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, that accounted for ∼80 wt% yield at 650°C, were proposed. Based on the bond dissociation energies (BDEs) of homolytic cleavage of the various bonds in vanillin, the primary reaction is shown to involve the cleavage of O–CH 3 bond whose BDE is 61.4 kcal mol −1 . New bimolecular reactions such as ipso-addition involving the reaction of vanillin with hydrogen and methyl radicals were proposed. The generation of 4-hydroxy methoxybenzyl radical was found to be vital for the formation of guaiacol, while 4-hydroxy-3-(λ 3 -methoxyl) benzaldehyde radical was the key intermediate for the formation of 5-formylsalicyaldehyde. Multiple pathways for the formation of guaiacol, 5-formylsalicyaldehyde, catechol and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde were evaluated. In order to track the time evolution of vanillin and its major pyrolysates, a detailed kinetic model was developed using the elementary reactions and their Arrhenius rate parameters. Based on the kinetic model, it is inferred that the timescale of fast pyrolysis is captured well by the model.
Length-weight relationship and condition factor of freshwater crab Barytelphusa gurini, (Decapoda, Brachyura).

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The length-weight relationship and condition factor of Barytelphusagurini was studies. The exponent ‘b’, value for males 2.83 and for females it is2.03, and combined crabs is 2.35. Growth generally shows negative allometry in all crabs. The condition factor (K) for male is 0.000802, for female is 0.000669 and for combined sexes is 0.000214. The regression revealed high correlation andthe coefficient of determination (r2) for male is 97.8%, in female it is 98.6%, which is very close to 1, and in combined crabs it is 93.7%.
Spectrum of opportunistic infections among HIV-infected patients in Malaysia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We retrospectively reviewed 205 HIV-infected patients, who came at first entry from January 2001 to December 2002 to the Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The aged range was 21-69 years [mean 37.25 years (+/- SD) 8.1]. Subjects were mainly in the age group 35-44 years. The majority of patients were male (82%), Chinese (55.1%), single (55.6%), resided in Kuala Lumpur (55.1%), and were unemployed (57.1%). The most frequent routes of transmission were sexual contact (78.5%), followed by IDUs (30%), blood transfusion (5%), and unknown (0.5%). Oral candidiasis was the most common mucocutaneous disease and significant co-existence was found with the main opportunistic systemic diseases, such as TB, PCP, toxoplasmic encephalitis, penicillosis, and CMV retinitis (p < 0.05). In this study, the range of CD4 counts was 0-910, with a median of 35 cells/mm3. Significant associations between a CD4 level less than 100 cells/mm3 at the time of diagnosis, and the occurrence of major opportunistic diseases, such as candidiasis, TB, PCP, TE, herpes simplex infection, CMV retinitis, penicillosis, and histoplasmosis were found (p < 0.05) in this study.
Relationship between Maximal Oxygen Uptake and Dynamic Stability in University Rugby and Soccer Players

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The maximal oxygen uptake and dynamic stability is frequently assessed separately for different team players.However, most research is limited to specific sports players, so the maximal oxygen uptake and dynamic stability in rugby and soccer players are poorly documented.This study provides relationship between maximal oxygen uptake and dynamic stability in university rugby and soccer players.Twenty-eight participants were recruited for the study (14 rugby players and 14 soccer players).Maximal oxygen uptake was determined by multistage fitness test and dynamic stability was determined by Y balance test.A linear regression analysis was used to identify relationship and effect of maximal oxygen uptake and dynamic stability on university rugby and soccer players.Both groups were similar in characteristics.Our findings showed there was a significant relationship between the maximal oxygen uptake and dynamic stability for rugby players (r=.890) and soccer players (r=.811).Relationship between maximal oxygen uptake and dynamic stability (r=.836) was significant for both sports players.Rugby and soccer players achieved good scores in maximal oxygen uptake and dynamic stability and high maximal oxygen uptake scores lead to better dynamic stability in both teams' players.Maximal oxygen uptake affects the dynamic stability.Team coaches and physiologists must consider functional test outcomes while preparing players for competition.The individual training program should also be established on test outcome, which is more likely to improve performance.
Experiment & Design of Ultra-precision Machine tool

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Micro-meso mechanical manufacturing (M4) technology has recently attracted attentions as an alternative micromachining solution because of its potentials of processing variety in materials into 3 dimensional form. A micro lathe, which is installable and operational in a SEM (scanning electron microsope) vacuum chamber, has been developed to understand surface chemistry effects and mechanics at the cutting point where the chip formation and defection take place or forces are applied.
Data from Tumor-Localized Ligation of CD3 and CD28 with Systemic Regulatory T-Cell Depletion Induces Potent Innate and Adaptive Antitumor Responses

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Tumor-localized activation of immune cells by membrane-tethered anti-CD3 antibodies (CD3L) is under investigation to treat poorly immunogenic tumors. Here we sought to elucidate the mechanism of antitumor immunity elicited by CD3L.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> CD3L and CD86 were expressed on poorly immunogenic B16 melanoma cells (B16/3L86 cells) and the effect of various lymphocytes, including CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, natural killer T (NKT) cells, and regulatory T cells, on antitumor activity was investigated.</p><p><b>Results:</b> B16/3L86 cells activated naïve T cells; suppressed tumor growth in subcutaneous, peritoneal, and metastasis models; and protected mice from rechallenge with B16 melanoma cells. However, <i>in vivo</i> antitumor activity against primary B16/3L86 tumors unexpectedly depended on NKT cells rather than CD4<sup>+</sup> or CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. Treatment of mice with low-dose cyclophosphamide or anti-CD25 antibody to deplete regulatory T cells unmasked latent T-cell antitumor activity; the number of activated CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells in tumors increased and B16/3L86 tumors were completely rejected in a CD8<sup>+</sup> and CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell–dependent fashion. Furthermore, fibroblasts expressing CD3L and CD86 suppressed the growth of neighboring B16 cancer cells <i>in vivo</i>, and direct intratumoral injection of adenoviral vectors expressing CD3L and CD86 or CD3L and a membrane-tethered anti-CD28 antibody significantly suppressed the growth of subcutaneous tumors.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Tumor-located ligation of CD3 and CD28 can activate both innate (NKT cells) and adaptive (CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells) responses to create a tumor-destructive environment to control tumor growth, but modulation of regulatory T cells is necessary to unmask local adaptive antitumor responses.</p></div>
A phenomenology of news: Understanding news in digital culture

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Digital media transform news. First, we see this in changing use patterns. Young people today show a decline in interest in traditional news formats and practices, such as watching the evening news on TV or reading a daily newspaper. But digital media also transform production and distribution of news, leading to new ways to conceptualise and understand news. In the light of these profound transformations in audience behaviour many have started to question the concept of news in news research. In the light of such altered production and distribution contexts which are likely to fundamentally impact on audiences’ definitions and perceptions, this article sets out to explore alternative ways to understand and conceptualise news, beyond traditional news research. What is news today, and how can we study it from the perspective of news audiences, without resorting to preconceived notions? We propose a theoretical approach based in classic phenomenology which, we argue, will open up for further reconsideration of the concept as well as providing a potentially fruitful basis for research on digital news consumption. Phenomenology takes human existence as its vantage point and explores how human subjects exist and create meaning in their everyday lives in relation to basic categories such as time, space and (sociocultural) relevance. We argue phenomenology to be particularly relevant for exploring new meanings of news as the basic dimensions of phenomenology not only coincide with the basic dimensions of news consumption, but also of those of news values; time, space, and (sociocultural) relevance.
A Prospective, Multicenter Trial on the Efficacy and Safety of Poly-L-Lactic Acid for the Treatment of Contour Deformities of the Buttock Regions.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PLLA is safe and effective for the indication of buttock contouring and improving parameters of skin health. PLLA can provide long-lasting effects with a high level of patient and physician satisfaction. J Drugs Dermatol. 2022;21(3):304-308. doi:10.36849/JDD.5924.
Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio as a valuable prognostic marker in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has emerged as a marker for degree of inflammation. Inflammation has been regarded as one of the causes of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss.Objectives: This study investigated the potential association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and prognosis in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL).Material and methods: This retrospective, case-control clinical trial analyzed data from 186 subjects diagnosed with ISSNHL and admitted to Kyung-Hee Medical Center between March 2016 and February 2019. Hematologic and audiometric parameters were measured.Results: NLR showed a linear correlation with hearing recovery in patients with ISSNHL, with hearing gain (dB) = 56.698 - 3.718 × NLR (r2 = 0.451, p = .001). Hearing recovery at all frequencies was numerically higher in patients with low (<6.661) than higher (≥6.661) NLR at all frequencies and was significantly higher at 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 Hz. Hearing thresholds at 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 Hz in the low NLR group were significantly lower after treatment.Conclusions and significance: The ability to recover from ISSNHL decreases as NLR increases. NLR may be a valuable prognostic marker in patients with ISSNHL.
Electrostatic surface waves in a magnetized two-fluid plasma

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Electrostatic surface waves propagating on the plane interface between a vacuum and a cold magnetized homogeneous plasma are investigated. The surface waves resulting from two different directions of the static magnetic field, normal to the interface and parallel to the direction of wave propagation, have the same frequency provided the strength of the magnetic held is the same. Furthermore, these two surface waves are complementary to each other in the sense that when one wave has strong surface-wave characteristics the other acts like a bulk wave, and vice versa. When the magnetic field is directed perpendicular both to the direction of wave propagation and the interface normal, a non-propagating zero-frequency mode is possible, as well as the two hybrid frequencies.
Violetting Through August’s End (Or the Sunset in Water, the Carillon-chime in Square): an Original Chamber Opera and a Critical Essay on the Trajectory of American Minimalist Opera

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

When the dust settles, John Adams’s Nixon in China and Philip Glass’s Einstein on the Beach may stand as the most important operas of the latter twentieth century. The critical essay portion of this thesis examines the trajectory of minimalist opera, from its beginnings with Glass’s Einstein on the Beach through the more romantic operas of John Adams, Steve Reich’s multimedia opera The Cave, David Lang’s musical-influenced The Difficulty of Crossing a Field, and finally the post-minimalist operas currently being staged by young composer Nico Muhly. It examines the differences between the more abstract trajectory established by the early Glass operas and the plot driven trajectory established by operas more commonly associated with John Adams, most significantly Nixon in China. Additionally, the aforementioned pieces are compared and contrasted with the author’s newly composed chamber opera Violetting through August’s End (or the sunset in water, the carillon-chime in square).
Hamiltonian analysis of curvature-squared gravity with or without conformal invariance

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We analyze gravitational theories with quadratic curvature terms, including\nthe case of conformally invariant Weyl gravity, motivated by the intention to\nfind a renormalizable theory of gravity in the ultraviolet region, yet yielding\ngeneral relativity at long distances. In the Hamiltonian formulation of Weyl\ngravity, the number of local constraints is equal to the number of unstable\ndirections in phase space, which in principle could be sufficient for\neliminating the unstable degrees of freedom in the full nonlinear theory. All\nthe other theories of quadratic type are unstable -- a problem appearing as\nghost modes in the linearized theory.\n We find that the full projection of the Weyl tensor onto a three-dimensional\nhypersurface contains an additional fully traceless component, given by a\nquadratic extrinsic curvature tensor. A certain inconsistency in the literature\nis found and resolved: when the conformal invariance of Weyl gravity is broken\nby a cosmological constant term, the theory becomes pathological, since a\nconstraint required by the Hamiltonian analysis imposes the determinant of the\nmetric of spacetime to be zero. In order to resolve this problem by restoring\nthe conformal invariance, we introduce a new scalar field that couples to the\ncurvature of spacetime, reminiscent of the introduction of vector fields for\nensuring the gauge invariance.\n
DETERMINATION THE RATE OF METHICILLIN RESISTANT AND ENTEROTOXIGENIC STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN DIFFERENT KINDS OF CREAMY PASTRIES SOLD IN SOME OF PASTRY SHOPS IN URMIA

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of food poisoning.
Methicillin resistant S. aureus usually are resistant to other antibiotics currently used for treatment.
The aim of this study was determination of the prevalence of entrotoxigenic S.aureus in creamy
pastries sold in Urmia and determining the rate of resistance to methicillin among the obtained isolates
Materials & Methods: 100 samples of creamy pastries were cultured on BHI and Mnitol salt Agar.
S.aureus was identified by standard methods such as gram stain, catalase and coagolase tests.
Entrotoxin production and type was evaluated by SET-RPLA Toxin Detection. The sensitivity of the
isolates to oxacillin was determined with disc diffusion method.
Results: S. aureus was isolated from fifteen percent of the creamy pastries, there is noSignificant
relationship between the kind of pastry and the number of isolates (p>0.05). All the isolates were
sensitive to oxacillin. 40% (6)of the S. aureus isolates were entrotoxigenic,of them 66.6%(4),
33.3%(2) and 16.6%(1) produced entrotoxin A, B and D respectively, the isolates showed highest
restresistance to penicillin, rifampin and teicoplanin and the most sensitivity has been shown to
Gentamicin and co-trimoxazole respectively. There was no difference between entrotoxigenic and non
entrotoxigenic isolates in respect of the sensitivity to antibiotics.
Conclusion: Results showed that some creamy pastries were contaminated by entrotoxigenic S.aureus,
thus using of fresh ingredients and caring about personal hygiene in confectionaries are recommended
Impact of CAP reform on agricultural production in the German federal state Baden-Wurttemberg: Scenario calculations with the regional model ACRE

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ACRE is an Agro-eConomic model for agricultural pRoduction at rEgional level. Based on an extension of Positive Mathematical Programming (PMP) this model was developed as a decision tool for politics with respect to questions of global change- and political scenarios. ACRE was applied in two interdisciplinary projects for simulation of agricultural production in two German river basins. Currently, the model was extended to calculate agricultural production for the federal state Baden-Württemberg in South West Germany. This paper introduces the results of CAP scenario calculations with the regional model ACRE for Baden-Württemberg.