jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Commentary on “Stepping Activity in Children With Congenital Myotonic Dystrophy”

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

“How should I apply this information?” Supporting children with neuromuscular disease to achieve adequate physical activity is a key component of physical therapy (PT) intervention and plays a vital role in their health and wellness. Children with congenital myotonic dystrophy (CDM) appear particularly prone to inactivity, even compared with children with other neuromuscular conditions. Of interest, activity in this sample was not correlated with performance on motor assessments, suggesting other factors (eg, cognition, nutrition, parent activity modeling, screen time, and cardiac health) might contribute to inactivity. Ongoing screening and coordination with the multidisciplinary team may be needed to address barriers to activity. Age, body mass index (BMI), and lean body mass were negatively correlated with activity, indicating that intervention may be more critical, as children with CDM grow and age. The variable most strongly correlated with activity was cytosine-thymine-guanine (CTG) repeat length, highlighting the importance of understanding each patient's genetic profile when assessing risk for inactivity and recommending exercise. “What should I be mindful about when applying this information?” As with many studies involving rare diseases, these findings are correlational (rather than experimental), and are based on a small sample size across a wide age range (3 and 13 years), over a relatively short period, making cautious interpretation important. Effect sizes for the correlations between activity and age/BMI are medium and, particularly for BMI, potentially influenced by outliers. BMI in children is confounded by age, which may not have been accounted for in the activity-BMI correlational analysis and should be in future studies assessing the relationships among these variables. This study does not account for variation in season, use of mobility devices, cognitive function, the effect of parent activity modeling, or limitations of step monitors in capturing other types of physical activity (ie, swimming or upper extremity activities). Therefore, additional studies exploring predictors of activity in patients with CDM are needed to inform PT clinical decision-making related to exercise. Michael J. Kiefer, PT, DPT Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, Massachusetts Elise L. Townsend, PT, DPT, PhD, PCS School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, MGH Institute of Health Professions Boston, Massachusetts
Perception, Vision and Causation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The causal theory of perception advanced by H. P. Grice, P. F. Strawson, and others affirms three claims: (1) if a subject (S) sees a public object (O) then O causally affects S; (2) if S sees O then O produces in S a state reportable in a sentence beginning ‘It looks to S as if … ’ (looks-state), where these words are interpreted phenomenologically; and (3) claims (1) and (2) represent requirements of our concept of vision. Against this theory, it is argued here that visual perception does not depend on a casual relation between looks-states and objects perceived. This, it is argued, is because to be in a looks-state is either to be in a state that is independent of surrounding objects or to be in a state that involves the surrounding objects. If this disjunctivism about visual perception is true, then the causal theory is false.
DETERMINING OF MAQAM DICTATION WRITING SKILLS OF MUSIC EDUCATION STUDENTS IN MUSICAL HEARING LESSON

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this study, it was aimed to determine the maqam dictation writing skills of students studying Music Sciences in Faculty of Fine Arts Department and studying in Music Education Department in Fine Arts Education Department of Kâzım Karabekir Education Faculty in Atatürk University. The study is important in determining the skills of the students participating in the research in writing maqam dictation and revealing the similarities-differences according to various variables. The research model consists of descriptive design. In this study, the application of music maqam dictation writing skills was determined for the students who took music education. In order to determine the dictation writing skills, the melodies prepared by the researchers in the Bûselik, Hicaz, Nihavend and Kürdî maqams, which were previously studied by the students and were considered suitable to the tampere system and could be performed with the piano, were firstly evaluated in terms of their suitability to the level of the maqam and the level of the students. In the application of the study; students were listened to the maqam melodies and asked to note the melodies they were listening to. In the study, it was concluded that the students’ maqam dictation writing skills were slightly above the middle level and there was a positive significant relationship between the two dictations, and there was no significant difference. According to the findings, it was concluded that students’ dictation scores differed according to the variables of high school and grade, and did not differ according to variables such as gender, age, faculty, instrument, mainly listened music genre and mainly performed music genre.
(R.) Janko Homer, Hesiod and the Hymns: diachronic development in epic diction. (Cambridge classical studies.) Cambridge, etc.: University Press. 1982. Pp. xvi + 322. £25.00.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
StrainInfo SI-ID 40485.1

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

StrainInfo dataset 40485 about a strain of Bradyrhizobium japonicum. StrainInfo is a service developed to provide a resolution of microbial strain identifiers by storing culture collection numbers, their relations, and culture-associated data. StrainInfo is part of NFDI4Microbiota consortium.
French North Africa: an American Problem

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

FOR SEVERAL YEARS, the French protectorates of Tunisia and Morocco have been asking the United States for help in their attempts to win independence. Although our refusal to give help subjected us to charges of hypocrisy, and although the Arab countries made our support of colonialism an excuse for neutrality in the cold war,1 Tunisian and Moroccan nationalism never was a paramount problem to American foreign policy makers. In recent months, however, this situation has changed. The British promise to evacuate Suez has left French North Africa as the only part of the nationalism-conscious Arab world still under European control. Although the Arab League had espoused the cause of North African freedom as early as 1946, the issue of removing France from the Mediterranean scene was always secondary to the Suez problem. Now that this is settled, animosity previously directed at London has been diverted towards Paris. French presence in Algeria, which is administratively part of metropolitan France, is not yet considered intolerable, but its continuance in the protectorates is. With Tunisian and Moroccan independence as a cardinal aim of its foreign policy, Egypt, the pacesetter of the Arab League, has shown no restraint in attempting to arouse francophobia, accusing France not only of wantonly exploiting North Africa, but even of plotting with Israel against the entire Arab world.2 Fortified by this support, the nationalist movements of Tunisia and Morocco have become forces to be reckoned with on the international scene. The large concessions wrested from a weakened France in recent months have encouraged the nationalists to intensify their efforts to obtain outside support. Their chief objective is the United States the one
Vliv nové politické situace po roce 1989 na rozvoj dopravního propojení ČR s okolními státy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This bachelor thesis deals with the development of transport infrastructure in the Czech Republic after 1989, focusing on efforts to improve the integration of the Czech Republic into the European transport network, and mainly on infrastructural links with neighboring countries as a response to political changes that took place. Briefly summarizes the historical background of the road and rail network, analyzes the situation at the beginning of the period. It deals with the construction process of important communication links between the Czech Republic and neighboring countries since 1990 and assesses the progress of implementation of projects in different areas. It assesses the impact of political representation on the construction of a possible corrupt and clientelistic ties. An important chapter is the financing of transport infrastructure. A sufficient flow of money is conditional for the implementation of these plans. In conclusion this thesis summarizes the current situation and adds future outlook, where it will be important to complete the motorway network and start building new railway lines for high-speed connections.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN MENGERJAKAN SOAL SISI TEGAK LIMAS SEGIEMPAT SISWA KELAS IX MTs NU SALAM TAHUN PELAJARAN 2013/2014

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this research to describe how far concept, procedure and calculation error are done by student and to know kind of error are dominant done by student in class IX MTs NU Salam. The type of this research is qualitative descriptive research. From analysis process, ascertainable that the student done the concept error 33%, procedure error 24%, and calculation error 43%.The calculation error are the most error doing by student.Threrefore, teacher shoud repair quality of learning activity in order to mathematics achievement of student increased.
Co-Existence Patterns of Social Norms and Positive Defending Intention Among Adolescents as School Bullying Bystanders

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

School bullying occurs frequently in primary and secondary schools, which is a global problem and it often brings serious physical and mental harm to the victims. When school bullying occurs, there may be a large number of bystanders in addition to the bullies and victims. What actions bystanders take affects the progress of school bullying. Relevant studies indicate that social norms including how peers around them react (descriptive norms) and how important adults such as teachers and parents demand (injunctive norms) play important roles in bystanders’ action-taking, but limited studies have considered individual differences. Therefore, this study used a person-centered approach to explore the co-existence patterns of social norms and bystanders’ defending intention to further understand their relations. We surveyed 1,384 junior high school students in China by self-report questionnaires, and they were asked to assess their defending intention when witnessing school bullying events under different contexts of social norms. Through latent profiles analysis, five co-existing patterns were identified: no norms–no defending group (4.8%), parent norms–no defending group (3.6%), weak norms–low defending group (24.3%), teacher-peer norms–medium defending group (40.6%), teacher-peer norms–high defending group (26.7%). In four out of the five patterns, students’ levels of defending intention were highly consistent with the levels of peer and teacher norms, but largely contradicted parent norms. This suggests that descriptive norms from peers and injunctive norms from teachers, other than those from parents are crucial for promoting bystanders’ defending intention, which provides important enlightenment for school bullying prevention. These findings provide important enlightenment for the prevention and control of school bullying in the future.
Optimizing the performance of magnet‑controlled capsule endoscopy based on radiological and gastroscopic modeling

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Routine use of magnet-controlled capsule endoscopy of the stomach has been limited by the inadequate views of specific stomach regions. In the present study, radiology and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE) were used to determine optimal subject body positioning and suitable external control magnet placement for capsule endoscopy. Healthy adult volunteers were subjected to upper gastrointestinal X-ray radiography (n=5), spiral computed tomography with volume reconstruction (n=4) or UGIE (n=1). Stomach fundus-to-body (FB) and body-to-antrum (BA) angles were compared when subjects were supine, prone, lying on their left side and on their right side, and when they were standing upright. Vertical distances from the surface of the body to the distal points of the fundus and antrum were also compared in this range of subject positions. Obtuse angles were considered the most beneficial for capsule movement and short vertical distances were considered desirable for optimizing magnetic force. The FB angle was sharply acute in the supine position, relatively open where subjects were on their side, and almost 180° in the standing position. The BA angle was obtuse in the standing position but acute in all other positions. With the subject in any position, the left lower lateral chest had the shortest distance to the fundus, while the ventral wall was closest to the antrum. The present modeling analysis indicates that standing is superior to all decubitus positions for magnetic-capsule endoscopy, including the commonly used supine position. Both the abdominal anterior wall and left lateral lower chest appeared to be advantageous locations for external control magnet placement.
Comparison of Eosinophilic and Non-eosinophilic Cases with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in terms of Clinical Arrival, Exacerbations, Quality of Life and Response to Treatment: A Prospective Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous diseases. Biomarkers are tried to be defined in order to evaluate the differences in response to pharmacological therapies. The aim of this study was; to determine blood and sputum eosinophil levels in stable COPD patients and evaluate the annual number of exacerbations and inflammatory biomarkers (C-Reactive Protein, Fibrinogen) among groups with and without eosinophilia. Pulmonary functions, symptoms scores, inflammatory biomarkers (C-Reactive Protein, Fibrinogen) sputum and blood eosinophil levels were measured in patients with stable COPD who presented to our Chest Diseases outpatient clinic; Patients with sputum eosinophil level ≥3%, blood eosinophil level ≥2% and ≥ 200/µL were considered to be eosinophilic. The patients were prospectively followed-up for a 1-year period and the rates of exacerbation and exacerbation were recorded. No correlation was found between blood and sputum eosinophil values (p = 0.129). The number of exacerbations was found to be significantly higher according to blood eosinophil percentage and absolute value (p = 0.029)(figure 1-2). Although sputum eosinophilia was associated with the number of exacerbations in the previous year and the number of exacerbations of follow-up, it was not found statistically significant. There was no significant difference in CAT, mMRC, FEV1 variability and inflammatory biomarkers between the eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic groups. This study showed that more frequent follow-up is required in cases with eosinophilic phenotype.
Modifiable Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors Trends in Urban Black South African Females and the Implications for Health Promotion Interventions

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Multiple risk factors can contribute to the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) in an individual, yet any change in the modifiable CHD risk status of Black South African females in recent times is unknown.AIM: The researcher aimed to establish the current CHD risk status of urban Black African females and to report on any trends over a 10-year period with the purpose to direct health promotion programs.METHODS: Data from 62 urban Black females (Mean age 32.4 ± 8.5 years) in 2006 was paired for age with that of 67 women (Mean age 32.0 ± 9.0 years) in 2016. The modifiable CHD risk factors assessed were cigarette smoking, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia.RESULTS: Physical inactivity (72.6% of the sample in 2006 vs. 75.8% in 2016) and obesity (42% in 2006 vs. 38.8% in 2016) were the top-ranked risk factors for CHD with the pattern unchanged in 2016. Significantly fewer participants (4.5% vs. 16.6%; p < 0.05) were hypertensive and significantly more women had hypercholesterolemia (5.6% vs. 23.9%; p < 0.05) in 2016. The multiple CHD risk profile showed that 42.4% had at least one CHD risk factor (an increase of 25%) and significantly fewer (27.3% vs. 45.2%; p < 0.05) had two CHD risk factors in 2016.CONCLUSION: A sedentary lifestyle and obesity were the highest CHD risk factors. Also, the multiple CHD risk profile of Black African women changed over a period of 10 years from higher to lower and normal risk. Health promotion strategies must be directed towards weight reduction, increasing physical activity levels and be tailored for the population for which the health promotion programs have been designed.
Lipid Phase Transition in Saccharide-Coated Cholate-Containing Liposomes:  Coupling to the Surrounding Matrix

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We performed FTIR measurements on cholate-containing liposomes (CCL) embedded in saccharide (trehalose or sucrose) matrixes with different contents of residual water. We obtained information on the CCL phase transition following the thermal evolution (310-70 K) of the IR spectrum of the carbonyl moieties of phospholipids in the frequency range 4225-4550 cm(-1). Furthermore, we simultaneously followed the thermal evolution of the water association band, which gave information on the behavior of the surrounding water-saccharide matrix. The analysis revealed a small sub-band of the water association band present in CCL but not in cholate-free liposomes, the thermal evolution of which is tightly coupled to that of the spectrum of the carbonyl moieties of phospholipids. We suggest that this band arises from water molecules, which are inserted within the lipidic structure, in the region located at the border between the hydrophilic and the hydrophobic moieties of phospholipids in the presence of cholic acid. Such water molecules could be responsible for the peculiar flexibility and hydrophilicity of CCL. Following Giuffrida et al. (J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 13211-13217), we also performed a Spectra Distance analysis, which enabled us to detect an overall liposomes-matrix structural coupling.
Synthesis of theTransandCisHigher Sugar Allylic Alcohols—Direct Precursors of Dodecoses

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Reaction of 6,7-dideoxy-l,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-galacto-hept-6-ynopyranose (3) with 3-O-benzyl-l,2-O-sopropylidene-α-D-xylo-pentodiulose (4) afforded two diastereo-isomeric propargylic alcohols: 5a (n-glycero, R) and 5b (L-glycero, S) in 70% yield and in the 33:67 ratio. Hydrogenalion of 5a and 5b over Pd/BaSO4 gave cis-allylic alcohols 6a and 6b. Semireduction of the triple bond in 3 with tri-n-butyltin hydride afforded trans-olefin 7 which reacted with 4 yielding two diastereoisomeric trans-allylic alcohols: 8a (D-glycero, R) and 8b (L-glycero, S) in a 74% yield and a 72:28 ratio.
Assessment of Background Illumination Influence on Accuracy of Measurements Performed on Optical Coordinate Measuring Machine Equipped with Video Probe

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Currently the Coordinate Measuring Technique is facing new challenges both in terms of used methodology and a speed of measurement. More and more often modern optical systems or multisensor systems replace classic solutions. Measurement performed using the optical system is more vulnerable to incorrect points acquisition due to such factors as an inadequate focus or parameters of applied illumination. This article examines the effect of an increasing illumination on the measurement result. A glass reference plate with marked circles and a hole plate standard were used for the measurements performed on a multi-sensor machine Zeiss O’ Inspect 442. The experiment consisted of measurements of standard objects with different values of the backlight at the maximum magnification. Such approach allows to assess the influence of controlled parameter on errors of diameter and form measurements as well as an uncertainty of measurements by determination of ellipses of point repeatability. The analysis of the obtained results shows that increasing backlight mainly affects the result of the diameter measurement.
LHD TESPEL-CCD #67772.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Tracer-Encapsulated Solid Pellet(TESPEL) is a double-layered impurity pellet, which basically consists of polystyrene polymer (-CH(C6H5)CH2-) as an outer shell and tracer particles as a core. TESPEL can be utilized for various physics-oriented experiments, e.g. impurity injection for the perturbative impurity transport, induction of a cold pulse propagation.
Vulnerability and Livelihood Influences of Urban Agriculture and Fruit and Vegetable Value Chains in Lebanon

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Agriculturalists in Lebanon are exposed to a wide range of vulnerability factors that have direct impacts on farmers’ livelihoods. To evaluate the effects of those factors and the livelihood challenges they breed, this research analyses how two agricultural activities shape farmer livelihood vulnerability, namely urban agriculture and fruit and vegetable value chains. First, I analyze how vulnerability factors influence urban agriculturalist livelihoods and assess if urban agriculture is an adequate solution to lower their livelihood vulnerability. Second, I analyse how various actors partaking in fruit and vegetable value chains are exposed to different vulnerability factors and how this impacts their individual livelihoods. Conceptually, the urban agriculture component of this research builds from the vulnerability framework and sustainable livelihoods approaches scholarships. The agricultural value chain section engages with literatures centered on the vulnerability framework, sustainable livelihoods approaches and value chain analysis. This thesis concludes that the main vulnerability factors associated with urban agriculture relate to physical, financial and human capitals, and that urban agriculture is not an adequate tool to reduce the livelihood vulnerability of urban agriculturalists. I also conclude that social, financial and human capital barriers significantly affect agricultural value chains actors’ livelihoods. Overall, the vulnerability of the different actors is linked to their socioeconomic status, which dictates the amount of human capital they possess, thus their ability to adapt to changing conditions and external stressors. I posit that human capital is key to both urban agriculture and agricultural value chains, as this asset dictates the vulnerability of individual livelihoods and Lebanese agriculturalists’ ability to sustain their livelihoods.