jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
PARENTAL ATTITUDES AND TYPE A BEHAVIOUR PATTERNS IN HIGH AND LOW CREATIVE ADOLESCENTS

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Research presented in this article deals with the specific category of human behaviour known as type “A” behaviour pattern (ABP). The authors studied the interaction between creative abilities, educational influences (including parental attitudes) and type A behaviour. In order to estimate the level of creative abilities in 249 teenagers, the Test for Creative Thinking – Drawing Production was administered. The data indicated the existence of significant differences between ABP profiles of high and low creative individuals. Parental attitudes were important mediating variables in this relationship.
OP11.02: Sensitivity of first trimester ultrasound in detecting fetal structural malformations in twin pregnancies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

First trimester ultrasound has been shown to have a lower sensitivity for detection of fetal structural abnormalities compared to second trimester in singletons. The aim of this study was to assess the detection rate of first trimester ultrasound for structural abnormalities in twin pregnancies. Retrospective cohort study of consecutive twin pregnancies screened routinely at 11-14 weeks of gestation from a single center. Ultrasound records at 11-14 weeks' gestation were compared to those reported at the second and third trimester ultrasound and at birth for the occurrence of structural defects. Performance of ultrasound was assessed in terms of detection rate. In the absence of co-existing structural defect, increased nuchal translucency alone was not considered as a structural abnormality. 1232 consecutive twin pregnancies were included in this study. 33 structural abnormalities were observed in this cohort. Of these, 11 (33.3%) were detected in the first trimester. The detection rate of first trimester ultrasound was 100% for midline and cranial skull defects, body stalk anomaly and abdominal wall defects, while it was lower (40%) for low urinary tract obstruction. First trimester ultrasound could not detect any of the cardiac or facial defects diagnosed later on in pregnancy or at birth in this series. This is the first large study exploring the role of first trimester ultrasound in detecting structural anomalies in twin pregnancies. Sensitivity of ultrasound in detecting abnormalities in twins was lower than that reported for singletons pregnancies.
Serum Creatine Kinase and Exercise

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Trypanosomiasis in Britain SIR,-Two cases have recently come to my notice of failure to diagnose trypano- somiasis in an African in this country.In one, with the lapse of nearly three years since the patient was last in Africa, the possibility of a tropical cause of the illness may have been dismissed.In the other the presenting symptoms were personality changes, and trypanosomiasis was apparently never con- sidered as a possible cause.The chronic, Gambian form of trypano- somiasis may continue with virtually no symptoms for three, or even more, years before involvement of the central nervous system affects the patient noticeably.It may then present with complaint of persistent headache, with other meningeal symptoms, or with more apparently psychological signs such as increasing depression or with marked personality change, not infrequently with impaired responsibility.I wish to make an urgent plea for the consideration of a diagnosis of trypano- somiasis in any person from Africa, whether African or not, now under medical care, per- haps even in a mental hospital, in this country with undiagnosed symptoms which could be due to trypanosomiasis.The finding of a C.S.F. protein of under 30 mg./100 ml. and a normal cell count would be strong evidence against the diagnosis of trypanosomiasis, but if the C.S.F. protein is near or above 40 mg./ 100 ml., or if an abnormal cell count, particularly a lymphocytosis, in the C.S.F. is found, the possibility of trypanosomiasis should not be discarded until some other un- questionable cause has been found.If further opinion or advice is needed there are schools of tropical medicine with associated hospitals at London,
Teaching co-cultural theory, dis/ability, and normativity using The Greatest Showman

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This unit activity guides students through an interrogation of bias, normativity, and co-cultural experiences within the context of dis/ability and appearance. Specifically, students complete implicit bias tests related to ability and body size, read about historical displays of bodily difference in circuses and “freak shows,” and then watch and discuss scenes from the film The Greatest Showman. In so doing, students engage in transformational learning that equips them to communicate more effectively with and about people with physical differences. Students develop their understanding of how cultural systems marginalize disabled bodies and think critically about how dis/ability intersects with other marginalized identities, including visible bodily differences, racial and ethnic identities, gender identities, and class identities.Courses: Intercultural Communication, Critical-Cultural Studies, Communication Theory, Rhetoric and Dis/ability.Objectives: This activity is designed to help students (1) critically reflect on cultural norms and their own and others’ pre/misconceptions related to dis/ability and physical difference in an intersectional manner, (2) identify and comprehend co-cultural communication strategies, and (3) improve intercultural competence, including effectively communicating with and about people with dis/abilities and physical differences.
Unsteady Wetness Effects in LP Steam Turbines

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

One of the unresolved issues for condensing flow in large steam turbines is correct prediction of the droplet size distribution. Optical measurements taken in the later stages of LP steam turbines have shown that the time-averaged droplet size spectra are much broader with larger average diameters than predicted by most theoretical and computational methods. Previous work has suggested that the broad distributions might stem from unsteadiness created by the interaction between successive blade rows — the so-called ‘wake-chopping’ effect. The current paper presents preliminary results of multi-stage CFD calculations aimed at investigating the impact of such unsteadiness on the condensation process. A method for calculating unsteady, viscous, condensing flows in multi-stage steam turbines is first outlined. This is based on an established single-phase flow solver with nucleation and droplet growth incorporated via moment evolution equations for the polydispersed liquid phase. The method can be used to compute two- and three-dimensional steady and unsteady flows, time accuracy being preserved for unsteady calculations by means of the dual time-stepping technique. Comparison between computed results and experimental data is presented for nozzle and cascade flows for the purpose of validation. Finally, results are presented for a two-dimensional unsteady multi-stage calculation, highlighting the impact of wake-chopping and related unsteady phenomena on the droplet spectra.
Liquid and protein dynamics using a new minimally invasive pleural catheter in rabbits

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To obtain continuous access to the pleural space without causing injury, we tested a new transdiaphragmatic pleural catheter for its ability 1) to drain the pleural space without injury and 2) to drain liquid at a rate equal to normal pleural liquid production. In 13 anesthetized rabbits, we opened the abdomen and dissected through the diaphragm to insert a flared-tip catheter into the ventral pleural space on one side and then turned the rabbit prone. In 10 of the rabbits (8 for 6 h, 2 for 24 h), we continuously collected draining pleural liquid, and in 3 rabbits (6 h), we did not open the catheter. We injected radiolabeled albumin intravenously as a protein marker. Terminally, we collected pleural liquid from both pleural spaces and lavaged for total radioactivity. In 14 awake control rabbits without catheters, we measured normal pleural liquid production by the rate of equilibration of radiolabeled albumin from plasma to pleural liquid. We found that, although the percentage of neutrophils was increased on the side with the catheter (54 vs. 1% in control rabbits), the pleural liquid volume, protein concentration, specific activity of albumin, and total radioactivity in the pleural space were the same on the side with the catheter as on the opposite side and in the control rabbits. The liquid flow rate through the catheter over 6 h was 53 +/- 23 microliters/h [0.017 +/- 0.008 (SD) ml.kg-1.h-1], which was not significantly different from the computed rate of normal pleural liquid production in the control rabbits, 49 +/- 14 microliters/h (0.016 +/- 0.004 ml.kg-1.h-1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Reversible assembly and disassembly of V-ATPase during the lysosome regeneration cycle

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Regulation of the luminal pH of late endocytic compartments in continuously fed mammalian cells is poorly understood. Using normal rat kidney fibroblasts, we investigated the reversible assembly/disassembly of the proton pumping V-ATPase when endolysosomes are formed by kissing and fusion of late endosomes with lysosomes and during the subsequent reformation of lysosomes. We took advantage of previous work showing that sucrosomes formed by the uptake of sucrose are swollen endolysosomes from which lysosomes are reformed after uptake of invertase. Using confocal microscopy and subcellular fractionation of NRK cells stably expressing fluorescently tagged proteins, we found net recruitment of the V1 subcomplex during sucrosome formation and loss during lysosome reformation, with a similar time course to RAB7a loss. Addition of invertase did not alter mTORC1 signalling, suggesting that the regulation of reversible V-ATPase assembly/disassembly in continuously fed cells differs from that in cells subject to amino acid depletion/refeeding. Using live cell microscopy, we demonstrated recruitment of a fluorescently tagged V1 subunit during endolysosome formation and a dynamic equilibrium and rapid exchange between the cytosolic and membrane bound pools of this subunit. We conclude that reversible V-ATPase assembly/disassembly plays a key role in regulating endolysosomal/lysosomal pH in continuously fed cells.
A delve into the menstrual problems in teenagers: a cross sectional study in an urban school in Kerala, India

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Onset of menstruation (menarche) is an important milestone in the adolescent girl associated with physical, psychological and social changes. Majority of the girls experience menstrual problems during this period making it even more stressful to handle. Many factors are considered to contribute to these problems of which some may be modifiable. This study was conducted to identify the menstrual problems experienced by young school girls in an urban school in Kerala and to look at any modifiable factors. Methods: Data was collected from girls belonging to the age group of 13 -18 years from an urban private school in Kerala. A detailed semi-structured questionnaire was filled by each student who participated in the study. Information regarding age of menarche, menstrual irregularities, heavy menstrual bleeding, and dysmenorrhoea. BMI of each student was calculated. Results: The mean age of menarche was 12.05 years. The mean weight at menarche was 40.74kg (SD±6.66). 24 girls (21.86%) reported to have irregular menstrual cycles, 76 girls (68.47%) had menstrual cycles coming between 24-35days. 22 girls (19.82%) had cycles between 36-45 days. 11 girls (9.91%) had >45 days duration cycles. 18 girls (16.22%) reported prolonged menstrual flow of >7 days, and 2 girls (1.8%) had scanty flow. 9 girls (8.1%) reported heavy blood loss. 60 girls (54.1%) reported to have moderate flow. 42 girls (37.8%) had mild blood loss. Mild to moderate dysmenorrhoea was reported in 61girls (54.9%), 17 girl (15.3%) reported severe dysmenorrhoea. Conclusions: Menstrual disturbances still pose an important problem in the life of an adolescent. Reproductive awareness programmes should be made more accessible to the adolescents.
Prospect of Sorghum as a Biofuel Feedstock

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sorghum yield and production stabillity are constrained by various biotic stresses such as different insects and diseaes. The biotic stresses not only reduce the yield but results in poor grain quality thus hampering its marketability and utiilization leading to severe economic losses. Development of host plant resistance is one of the cheapest and sustainable methodss for managing the insect pests and diseases. Improvement in stress resistance will increase ecological fitness, reduce pesticide use, and facilitate creation of a sustainable production system with increased efficiency, profitability and to enhance grain quality/end use traits. An integrated synergistic system involving plant breeding and genomics research using advanced molecular tools could increase the efficiency and precision of crop improvement. This chapter deals with recent development with regard to sorghum adaptation to different production systems, major biotic stresses affecting sorghum production, understanding genetic control of biotic stress resistance, screening techniques developed, QTLs identified for various stresses and the program made in cultivar development using this knowledge.
Discovering Agent Models using Process Mining: Initial Approach and a Case Study

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Agent-based modeling is widely used for modeling and simulation of self-organizing sociotechnical systems that are composed of distributed autonomous agents. In these systems, macro level behaviors emerge from local micro level behaviors of agents that follow rules and interact with each other and the environment. Although the individual agents' behaviors are typically described by sets of simple rules, the many interactions, heterogeneous populations, and complex topologies can make it challenging, or even impossible, to predict or steer the emergent behaviors beyond micro levels. Hence, the actual behaviors of such systems are generally hard to know beforehand, and they need to be observed to extract realistic models. In this paper, we propose a proof-of-concept approach to discover agents' underlying models from log data generated from their behaviors, utilizing process mining. To conceptualize and demonstrate our initial approach, we use an illustrative example of the popular Schelling's model of segregation. Our findings provide encouraging initial evidence on how agent models can be extracted utilizing process mining techniques.
A mathematical model to describe flavour release from gelatine gels

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A theory of flavour release from gelatine-sucrose gels has been developed based on combined interfacial mass and heat transport. The driving force for flavour release is shown to depend on the bulk melting temperature of the gel, which depends on the gelatine and sucrose concentrations. For gels possessing melting points below the mouth temperature, the driving force for flavour release is the rate at which heat can diffuse into the gels matrix and initiate melting. For harder gels with melting points above mouth temperature the diffusion of sucrose from the surface of the gel into the adjacent saliva phase is the rate limiting step for flavour release, because this lowers the melting temperature of the surface layer. The theoretical model gives good agreement with in vitro release experiments using gelatine gels containing sucrose and dye.
The amino acid source of HCN in cultures of a psychrophilic basidiomycete

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This investigation was prompted by the reported formation of HCN from isoleucine by way of the cyanogenic glycoside lotaustralin in a psychrophilic basidiomycete. In comparable experiments we found steam distillates from cultures incubated with L-isoleucine-U- 14 C were radioactive but this was shown not to be due to H 14 CN, by removal of the HCN as AgCN. This was confirmed using isoleucine-2- 14 C from which H 14 CN recovery was negligible. Evidence was obtained that the steam volatile radioactive material regarded by other workers as H 14 CN consisted largely of organic acids. Hence isoleucine cannot be considered to be a precursor of HCN in this fungus and the occurrence of lotaustralin as an intermediate is therefore doubtful. Under the same conditions HCN was shown to arise from carbon-2 of glycine, confirming previous reports from this laboratory.
Group testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 to enable rapid scale-up of testing and real-time surveillance of incidence

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

High-throughput molecular testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may be enabled by group testing in which pools of specimens are screened, and individual specimens tested only after a pool tests positive. Several laboratories have recently published examples of pooling strategies applied to SARS-CoV-2 specimens, but overall guidance on efficient pooling strategies is lacking. Therefore we developed a model of the efficiency and accuracy of specimen pooling algorithms based on available data on SAR-CoV-2 viral dynamics. For a fixed number of tests, we estimate that programs using group testing could screen 2-20 times as many specimens compared with individual testing, increase the total number of true positive infections identified, and improve the positive predictive value of results. We compare outcomes that may be expected in different testing situations and provide general recommendations for group testing implementation. A free, publicly-available Web calculator is provided to help inform laboratory decisions on SARS-CoV-2 pooling algorithms.
Fluvial Depositional Systems of the African Humid Period: An Analog for an Early, Wet Mars in the Eastern Sahara

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A widely hypothesized but complex transition from widespread fluvial activity to predominantly aeolian processes is inferred on Mars based on remote sensing data observations of ancient landforms. However, the lack of analysis of in situ martian fluvial deposits hinders our understanding of the flow regime nature and sustainability of the martian fluvial activity and the hunt for ancient life. Studying analogs from arid zones on Earth is fundamental to quantitatively understanding geomorphic processes and climate drivers that might have dominated during early Mars. Here we investigate the formation and preservation of fluvial depositional systems in the eastern Sahara, where the largest arid region on Earth hosts important repositories of past climatic changes. The fluvial systems are composed of well‐preserved single‐thread sinuous to branching ridges and fan‐shaped deposits interpreted as deltas. The systems' configuration and sedimentary content suggest that ephemeral rivers carved these landforms by sequential intermittent episodes of erosion and deposition active for 10–100s years over ∼10,000 years during the late Quaternary. Subsequently, these landforms were sculpted by a marginal role of rainfall and aeolian processes with minimum erosion rates of 1.1 ± 0.2 mm/yr, supplying ∼96 ± 24 × 10 10 m 3 of disaggregated sediment to adjacent aeolian dunes. Our results imply that similar martian fluvial systems preserving single‐thread, short distance source‐to‐sink courses may have formed due to transient drainage networks active over short durations. Altogether, this study adds to the growing recognition of the complexity of interpreting climate history from orbital images of landforms.
Niepożądani – Francja wobec emigracji polskiej w latach 1930-1944

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Undesirable – French Attitudes Towards Polish Immigration in the Years 1930-1944 Polish historical literature referring to migrations to France is dominated by issues of emigrants’ everyday life and activities. The issue of politics and the legal approach of the French state towards migrants has been hitherto treated marginally. This article discusses the topic of Polish migrants adapting to their new situation and living in France through the perspective of decrees and circulars of the French state regulating the status of migrants.Sources from the French archives indicate that France tightened their laws concerning immigrants in 1930s, including allowing for the establishment of internment camps for “undesirable” foreigners.
Hand (Motor) Movement Imagery Classification of EEG Using Takagi-Sugeno-Kang Fuzzy-Inference Neural Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Approximately 20 million people in the United States suffer from irreversible nerve damage and would benefit from a neuroprosthetic device modulated by a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI). These devices restore independence by replacing peripheral nervous system functions such as peripheral control. Although there are currently devices under investigation, contemporary methods fail to offer adaptability and proper signal recognition for output devices. Human anatomical differences prevent the use of a fixed model system from providing consistent classification performance among various subjects. Furthermore, notoriously noisy signals such as Electroencephalography (EEG) require complex measures for signal detection. Therefore, there remains a tremendous need to explore and improve new algorithms. This report investigates a signal-processing model that is better suited for BCI applications because it incorporates machine learning and fuzzy logic. Whereas traditional machine learning techniques utilize precise functions to map the input into the feature space, fuzzy-neuro system apply imprecise membership functions to account for uncertainty and can be updated via supervised learning. Thus, this method is better equipped to tolerate uncertainty and improve performance over time. Moreover, a variation of this algorithm used in this study has a higher convergence speed. The proposed two-stage signal-processing model consists of feature extraction and feature translation, with an emphasis on the latter. The feature extraction phase includes Blind Source Separation (BSS) and the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), and the feature translation stage includes the Takagi-Sugeno-Kang Fuzzy-Neural Network (TSKFNN). Performance of the proposed model corresponds to an average classification accuracy of 79.4 % for 40 subjects, which is higher than the standard literature values, 75%, making this a superior model.