jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Tunable Brownian magneto heat pump

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We propose a mesoscopic Brownian magneto heat pump made of a single charged Brownian particle that is steered by an external magnetic field. The particle is subjected to two thermal noises from two different heat sources. When confined, the particle performs gyrating motion around a potential energy minimum. We show that such a magneto-gyrator can be operated as both a heat engine and a refrigerator. The maximum power delivered by the engine and the performance of the refrigerator, namely the rate of heat transferred per unit external work, can be tuned and optimised by the applied magnetic field. Further tunability of the key properties of the engine, such as the direction of gyration and the torque exerted by the engine on the confining potential, is obtained by varying the strength and direction of the applied magnetic field. In principle, our predictions can be tested by experiments with colloidal particles and complex plasmas.
Association of SNPs 1Megabase from each <i>cis</i> gene.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>For each SNP the X axis represents the distance in base pairs from either the 5′ or 3′ end of the gene. If SNPs occur within the gene, either in introns or exons, they are given a distance of zero. SNPs in <i>IL6R</i> <1×10<sup>−25</sup> not shown.</p>
Metabolism and Neurotoxicity of Homocysteine Thiolactone in Mice: Evidence for a Protective Role of Paraoxonase 1

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Homocysteine (Hcy)-thiolactone is toxic, induces epileptic seizures in rodents, and has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease. Paraoxonase 1 (Pon1), a component of high-density lipoprotein, hydrolyzes Hcy-thiolactone in vitro. Whether this reflects a physiological function and whether Pon1 can protect against Hcy-thiolactone toxicity was unknown. Here we show that Hcy-thiolactone was elevated in brains of Pon1-/- mice (1.5-fold, p = 0.047) and that Pon1-/- mice excrete more Hcy-thiolactone than wild type animals (2.4-fold, p = 0.047). The frequency of seizures induced by intraperitoneal injections of L-Hcy-thiolactone was significantly higher in Pon1-/- mice compared with wild type animals (52.8% versus 29.5%, p = 0.042); the latency of seizures was lower in Pon1-/- mice than in wild type animals (31.8 min versus 41.2 min, p = 0.019). Using the Pon1 null mice, we provide the first direct evidence that a specific Hcy metabolite, Hcy-thiolactone, rather than Hcy itself is neurotoxic in vivo. Our findings indicate that Pon1 protects mice against Hcy-thiolactone neurotoxicity by hydrolyzing it in the brain, and suggest a mechanism by which Pon1 can protect against neurodegeneration associated with hyperhomocysteinemia and Alzheimer's disease.
Jumping Spiders Associate Food With Color Cues In A T-Maze

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Salticid spiders are a tractable group for studies of learning. We presented Phidippus princeps Peckham & Peckham 1883 with the challenging task of associating prey with color cues in a T-maze. Experimental spiders were given the opportunity to learn that a cricket was hidden behind a block of a particular color. To eliminate the use of other cues, we randomly assigned both block position within the maze, and maze location within the room. For control spiders, no cues predicted the location of prey. We gave spiders two blocks of trials. Each block consisted of four training trials followed by a probe trial in which no prey was present. Trials lasted an hour, and spiders were given one trial per day. Not all spiders were successful in finding the prey during training trials. In the first probe trial, there was no evidence of learning: there was no effect of treatment, the number of successful training trials, or their interaction on which block the spiders chose first. In the second probe trial, there was a significant interaction between treatment and number of successful training trials: experimental-group spiders with a greater number of successful training trials were more likely to choose the correct block in the probe trial. This study demonstrates that P. princeps can learn the location of prey by color cues alone, a challenging task, and adds to the growing literature on learning in spiders.
3D-SCENE MODELING FROM IMAGE SEQUENCES

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This contribution gives an overview of automatic 3D scene reconstruction and visualisation from uncalibrated and handheld camera image sequences. We address specifically the problems that are associated with calibration and visual-geometric reconstruction of complex scenes with occlusions and view-dependent surfaces. The scene is then represented by large sets of calibrated real viewpoints with image texture and depth maps. Novel views are synthesized from this representation with view-dependent image-based rendering techniques at interactive rates. 1
Teachers’ beliefs and the teaching of proof

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract \nIn this contribution we outline the main features of a research project aimed at describing the way secondary school teachers treat proof and at understanding which factors may influence such a treatment. In our theoretical framework we combine references coming from the research on proof and the research on teachers in relation to their beliefs. We pay a particular attention in the description of the method. After that, we present and discuss some findings from our study and identify some issues that have didactical implications in teacher education.
Indicaciones geográficas de productos agroalimentarios en México

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper provides an overview about the use of geographical indications (GI) of agri-food products in mexico. First analyzes the use of indications of source (IS), used informally, without registration or official recognition and whose regulation is part of the labeling. Later analyzes the use of IG by registration of distinctive signs, whether as designations of origin (do) or as collective marks (mC) with geographic content. The methodology consisted of document review and interviews with small companies selected in two national fairs that seek to valorization of regional products. The results show that has been little progress on the use of the protection about registration of IG. While it is true that mexican law provides a regulatory framework for its use, adapt to compliance of the standards set to the formal record of IG involves rigidity and high institutional costs. In this context, producers who cannot absorb the costs and organizational levels required for formal protection, basically use the IS, without the vision of reaching the registration of GI. However, GIs have potential if they are adopted as a component of a strategic intervention on several fronts.
Physical and mental illnesses: implications of similarities and differences for services and law

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It appears self-evident that psychiatry should be classified as a particular specialty within the broader field of medicine. Psychiatrists, being first and foremost doctors, have undertaken an identical basic training to their physician and surgical peers and, as in general medicine and surgery, the biomedical model is a central pillar of psychiatric practice. Within psychiatry, signs and symptoms are elicited, diagnoses made and very often physical interventions (in the form of psychotropic agents) are employed. However, familiar institutional conventions can conceal the fact that psychiatry suffers from greater uncertainty regarding its conceptual foundations than other fields of medicine. In fact, the conceptual challenges arising within psychiatry are reflected in its thriving field of philosophy, and although there exists a dedicated philosophy of medicine, no other specialty is equal to psychiatry's breadth of conceptual debate.
Position Papers on MRONJ(Medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw), What has changed?

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Antiresorptives, such as bisphosphonate, denosumab, are widely prescribed drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis, os-teopenia, malignant bone metastases, multiple myeloma and Paget`s disease. They have therapeutic efficacy for controlling bone pain and reducing skeletal related events including the pathologic fractures. However, it was reported that the develop-ment of osteonecrosis of the jaw(ONJ) could be related to antiresorptive treatments. It was first defined as Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in 2007 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons(AAOMS) position paper. This was changed to Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw(MRONJ) in the AAOMS position paper 2014. Thisposition paper was updated recently in May 2022 and contains revisions to disease definition and management strategies at “AAOMS position paper on MRONJ-2022 update”. The important changes in clinical implications are as follows; 1) In the definition, immune modulators (such as Romosozumab) were included with potential medications related with osteo-necrosis of the jaw (ONJ), 2) Operative therapy was included for all stages (1, 2 and 3) in treatment strategies, 3) Formerly mentioned drug holiday before surgical procedure to prevent MRONJ was not identified in 2022 AAOMS position paper. Most of the statements in AAOMS 2022 position paper were based on strict literature reviews and changes were made if there is little evidence to suggest the specific diagnosis or therapeutic options. Understanding the changes compared to the previous position papers is important in selecting adequate treatment strategies for MRONJ.
Towards a critical and reflective planner: A contribution to improved practice using the case study of the 'Avala Film' complex

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of this paper is to illustrate the results of the pedagogical approach that was created to develop the competencies of a critical and reflective professional. The pedagogical approach was developed for the master's level Planning Theory course at the Faculty of Architecture, University of Belgrade. The specifics of the pedagogical approach stemmed from the need to consider a number of new issues relevant to improving planning practices, planning systems and the domain of spatial development in Serbia, which have emerged during the period of transitional reforms in Serbia since 2000. The case of preparing the plan of detailed regulation for the Avala Film complex in Kosutnjak, which was also the subject of the work of students in the school year 2020/21, was taken as a testing ground to illustrate the approach. The methodological steps in the analysis of the case clearly indicated the following problems in the field of spatial development: a) urban plans serve as an instrument for the alienation of publicly owned land, b) public policies are selectively considered in the decision-making process on spatial development, c) formal planning procedures are insufficiently clear and have gaps in formulations, which creates space for ambiguous interpretations, d) decision-making positions on strategic development priorities and issues of public interest are not clearly defined and e) key issues on spatial development are resolved in the domain of political rather than professional decision-making. Based on the analysis of the planning process for the Avala Film complex, recommendations for improving planning practice, i.e. the spatial governance system in Serbia are made. They are essentially aimed at improving the legislative system in the decision-making process, with an emphasis on formalizing positions of competence, determining mechanisms for the alienation of public property, improving the transparency of procedures and re-positioning the role of the profession in that process.
WNN-based Fast Event Pattern Detection and Prediction Using Reversed Pattern Tree for Cloud System Reliability Management

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cloud service systems need an efficient and flexible platform to offer services and computational resources to users. However, emergent event detection and prediction for platform reliability management is still an unsolved problem for most cloud service providers, especially for virtualized platforms. Hardware failure, software errors, outside attacks, and mis-actions of virtual machines make cloud platforms unstable and unreliable. In order to avoid critical events affecting reliability, resources, applications, and services can be rescheduled to get around predicted failures and mitigate potential impacts. In a cloud platform, different layers of service execution may generate different types of system events. Events from different layers can affect a system's stability together. Thus, event pattern detection and prediction are especially important for reliability and stability management. In this paper, we propose a framework to detect and predict system critical event patterns from different service types and execution layers using a reversed pattern tree augmented mechanism, so that detection and prediction can speed up. Meanwhile, wavelet neural network is also used to control the balance between prediction accuracy and speed, so that system reliability and stability can be improved. The effectiveness of this framework is tested and confirmed in a real cloud environment.
A New Egg Sampling Plan for Pink Bollworm Reduced Insecticide Use by 35 Percent

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

During the past two years we developed an egg sampling plan for the pink bollworm (PBW) to provide a more accurate index of moth (target stage) activity than conventional larval sampling. The plan requires that only the presence or absence of eggs laid on bolls be determined to decide when insecticide treatments are needed. Our objective in 1986 was to determine whether egg sampling vs. conventional treatment criteria (e.g., larval infestations, trap catches of male moths, and /or fixed -spray intervals) provided more optimal timing of insecticide applications in a 640-ac field test. Implementation of the egg sampling method in 8 of the 16 fields resulted in an average 35 percent seasonal reduction in insecticide use when compared to conventional methods. Despite the reduction in insecticide use, PBW larval infestations were not significantly different (P = 0.45) in fields samples for eggs vs. fields sampled for larvae from June to September. Yields were also not significantly different (P = 0.40) between the two sets of fields.
Abstract 2723: XIAOPI formula inhibits breast cancer pre-metastatic niche formation via blocking TAMs/CXCL1 pathway

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Recent findings suggested that premetastatic niche (PMN) is a prerequisite in mediating cancer metastasis. Previously we demonstrated that XIAOPI formula could inhibit breast cancer lung metastasis via inhibiting tumor associated macrophages (TAMs)-secreted CXCL1. Herein, we aimed to explore the effects of XIAOPI formula on preventing breast cancer PMN formation and its underlying molecular mechanisms. It was found that XIAOPI formula could inhibit the proliferation of M2 phenotype macrophages and reduce CXCL1 expression in a dose-dependent manner. TAMs/CXCL1 signaling was subsequently found to stimulate the recruitment of c-Kit+/Sca-1+ HSPCs and their differentiation into CD11b+/Gr-1+ MDSCs, which were symbolic events accounting for PMN formation. Moreover, XIAOPI formula was effective in inhibiting HSPCs activation and blocking the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cells 4T1 induced by HSPCs and TAMs co-culture system, implying that XIAOPI was effective in preventing PMN formation in vitro. Breast cancer xenograft experiments further demonstrated that XIAOPI formula could inhibit breast cancer growth and metastasis in vivo. More importantly, XIAOPI formula significantly delayed the time of cancer cell seeding in the lung tissues. Meanwhile, the populations of HSPCs in the bone marrow and MDSCs size in both tumor and lung tissues were all remarkably declined by XIAOPI formula treatment. However, the inhibitory effects of XIAOPI formula could be relieved by CXCL1 overexpression in the TAMs. Taken together, our study provided preclinical evidence supporting the application of XIAOPI formula in preventing breast cancer PMN formation, and highlighted TAMs/CXCL1 as a potential therapeutic strategy for PMN targeting therapy. Citation Format: Zhiyu Wang, Yifeng Zheng, Neng Wang, Shengqi Wang, Bowen Yang, Yi Lin. XIAOPI formula inhibits breast cancer pre-metastatic niche formation via blocking TAMs/CXCL1 pathway [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 2723.
Trunk muscle exercises as a means of improving postural stability in people with Parkinson's disease: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Exercise has been shown to improve clinical measures of strength, balance and mobility, and in some cases, has improved symptoms of tremor and rigidity in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, to date, no research has examined whether improvements in trunk control can remedy deficits in dynamic postural stability in this population. The proposed randomised controlled trial aims to establish whether a 12-week exercise programme aimed at improving dynamic postural stability in people with PD; (1) is more effective than education; (2) is more effective when training frequency is increased; and (3) provides greater long-term benefits than education. Methods/design Forty-five community-dwelling individuals diagnosed with idiopathic PD with a falls history will be recruited. Participants will complete baseline assessments including tests of cognition, vision, disease severity, fear of falling, mobility and quality of life. Additionally, participants will complete a series of standing balance tasks to evaluate static postural stability, while dynamic postural control will be measured during walking using head and trunk-mounted three-dimensional accelerometers. Following baseline testing, participants will be randomly-assigned to one of three intervention groups, who will receive either exercise once per week, exercise 3 days/week, or education. Participants will repeat the same battery of tests conducted at baseline after the 12-week intervention and again following a further 12-week sustainability period. Discussion This study has the potential to show that low-intensity and progressive trunk exercises can provide a non-invasive and effective means for maintaining or improving postural stability for people with PD. Importantly, if the programme is noted to be effective, it could be easily performed by patients within their home environment or under the guidance of available allied health professionals. Trial registration number The protocol for this study is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12613001175763).
Compliance With Guidelines of Hypertension Management, and Associated Factors Among the Health Practitioners

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The consequences of uncontrolled hypertension such as stroke, myocardial infarction, retinal damage and others are significantly affecting individual and the community in large. The patients are suffering from compromised quality of life, permanent disability, and premature death in developing countries. The reason for the existence of the gap hasn’t been clear yet. An institutional-based retrospective cross-sectional study designed from patient medical record data was used to assess compliance with the federal democratic and republic of Ethiopia ministry of health hypertension management guideline. Medical records of adult Patients treated for hypertension from March 2019 to March 2020 were reviewed. Systematic sampling technique from patients’ medical records every 10th interval was taken to reach the total sample size. The collected data were checked for completeness, consistency, and accuracy before analysis. Data were coded, entered, and cleaned using Epi-data 7 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Overall compliance with the hypertension guideline was found to be poor; only 75 (19.5%) patients managed according to the guideline in these institutions. The majority of health practitioners complied with the pharmacological Antihypertensive treatment protocols for 238 (62.0%) patients, while for 146 (38.0%) of the patients the guideline was not followed. Combining the lifestyle modification recommendations and pharmacological antihypertensive treatment to assess compliance with the hypertension management guideline, only 75 (19.5%) patients managed as per the guideline, while 309 (80.5%) did not. Nearly more than two-thirds of the patients were not managed following the national hypertension guideline, and health practitioners are failed to recommend lifestyle modifications for most of the patients, as a result, the majority of the hypertensive patients are being exposed to complications and urgent intervention is demanded against the gap.
Emerging Roles and Relationships Among Humans and Interactive AI Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Metaphors have for long time been used for describing and explaining the roles of technology in human activity. Such descriptions are embedding an increasing level of ambience, where technology is expected to sense, interpret, and adapt to an individual's needs and wishes, while at the same time, the demands for transparency and accountability is making way for new regulations and guidelines for systems based on artificial intelligence (AI).The purpose of this research is to explore social roles of humans and AI systems, and to identify open research questions and challenges when designing for transparency and sense of control. A socio-technical relationship framework was developed for assessing the social roles of AI systems, and for designing for change in roles and relationships. The framework was developed based on activity theory, metaphors for human-technology interaction, and emergent research on human-AI collaboration. By focusing on meaningful shared activity, the situations when technology is socially and personally relevant can be distinguished from the situations where technology is functionally relevant.The identified roles are partly overlapping and fluent depending on the situation, which increases the need for transparency and accountability, and consequently, AI techniques that allows explainability, negotiation and adaptation of the enacted roles.The framework is exemplified in two case studies to elicit role transformations in a work and a home environment respectively, where an individual's changing need for supporting development of capabilities and autonomy through AI-based technology are addressed. We identify a number of open research questions and propose to apply the framework to capture and design for developing capability in humans and AI systems, collaborative capabilities in human-AI teaming, and for eliciting the ethical and moral consequences of AI systems operating within a person’s zone of development.
Research Status and Prospect of Concrete Acoustic Emission Technology

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

By discussing the current research status of the concrete acoustic emission technology from four aspects as: the concrete acoustic emission of different conditions; the characteristics of the concrete acoustic emission; the Kaiser effect and Felicity effect of the concrete acoustic emission and the analysis of the concrete acoustic emission data. The concrete acoustic emission research should be done with the practical project, and establish effective processing and analyzing technology of the concrete acoustic emission, to apply the concrete acoustic emission technology better to the measurement of real project.