jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Self-initiated expatriates

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

There seems to be a limitless demand for human talent, making well-educated people transfer between countries. Research on such international talent flows has traditionally featured organizational expatriates (OEs), who have been assigned and supported by their parent organizations in relocating to a foreign host country. But international assignments have become increasingly complex. Recent developments in international assignments have seen individuals who personally take charge of their careers without the direct involvement of any organization. These expatriates, who themselves make the decision to live and work abroad, have been called self-initiated expatriates (SIEs). For those expatriates, the initiative for leaving the home country comes from the individual, and the move is not supported by any current employer. The literature on SIEs is rapidly emerging but demonstrates a considerable extent of conceptual confusion. That is not only unfortunate, but may have a negative impact on the attempts to increase our knowledge about this important and growing group of internationally mobile individuals. Therefore, the purpose of this chapter is to enhance the conceptual coherence of the notion of an SIE by proposing a definition based on a set of conceptual criteria which differentiates SIEs from other types of international movers. Additionally, the chapter will feature recent research on SIEs including their adjustment, performance, personality, demographic characteristics, and reasons to expatriate as well as an agenda of future research on self-initiated expatriates.
Anteriorly Based Pericranial Flap: An Anatomic Study of Feeding Arteries

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to obtain anatomic data on the branching levels of the deep branches of the supraorbital artery (SoA) and of the supratrochlear artery (StA) in pericranial flaps. Ten preserved cadavers were used for this study. Each vessel was identified on 12 sides. The deep branch of the SoA had a larger caliber than that of the StA in seven of nine sides. The branching level of the deep branch of the SoA was cephalad to that of the StA on six of nine sides. The deep branch of the SoA diverged shortly after emerging from the supraorbital foramen or notch. However, there were a few cases in which the branch originated at a distance of a few millimeters before or after the foramen or notch. From a practical standpoint, dissection of this pericranial flap below the level of the supraorbital ridge is not advised, and preservation of both feeding arteries is encouraged in order to establish abundant vascularity for this flap.
Precise geodetic measurements and their relation to seismological investigations

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The use of precise measurements is becoming more general in efforts to interpret the phenomena connected with changes in the Earth's surface. It may be that the use of these precise measurements will eventually lead to a more exact knowledge as to how the Earth s surface originally became so irregular with great areas standing high, as continents, and other areas depressed, as ocean basins. The science of seismology is adding much to our exact data. The locations of the epicenters of earthquakes and the determination of their intensity and the rate of transmission of the earthquake‐shocks through the Earth's materials at different depths furnish information of the highest value.
Preparation and Properties of Insulation Flexible Cork Composites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The cork composite (RC16) is prepared by using one-component moisture curing polyurethane (U030) as cork adhesive, and the cork composite exhibits excellent mechanical properties and flexibility, and its density is 0.40g/cm3. The effect of adhesive content, moisture content in cork granules, and curing condition on the thermal insulation property, flexibility, and mechanical properties of the RC16 cork was investigated. The results show that:the synthetic adhesive U030 has good compatibility and adhesion with cork granules, which can wrap the cork granules completely and distribute evenly; the mechanical properties of the cork composite exhibit first increasing and then decreasing with increasing moisture content in cork granules, and the maximum value is reached at 7.0%; with the increase of U030 content, each performance of the RC16 cork show rising firstly, and then towards a stabilizing trend, but the thermal conductivity increases correspondingly, so when U030 content is 30%, the comprehensive performance of composite is the best; the optimum curing condition of the RC16 cork is defined:curing temperature is 110℃ and curing time is 1.5h. RC16 exhibits good heat resistance, which can bear 800℃ ablation within 20s.
Demand-related factors influencing caregivers' awareness of malaria tests and health workers' testing practices, in Makarfi, Nigeria

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Despite the World Health Organization's recommendation of malaria test-treat strategy, which is the treatment of parasitological confirmed malaria cases with anti-malarials, presumptive diagnosis of malaria remains fairly common in Nigeria. The reasons for this have not been established in Makarfi, Nigeria, despite the high burden of malaria in the area. A study was conducted among caregivers of febrile children less than 5 years presenting for treatment to understand their awareness of malaria diagnostic testing and being offered testing by clinicians, the determinants of these outcomes, and caregivers' perspectives of health workers' testing practices.Using mixed-methods, data was combined from sub-analysis of cross-sectional survey data (n = 295) and focus group discussions (n = 4) with caregivers conducted in Makarfi General Hospital (Kaduna State, Nigeria) and surrounding communities in 2011. Bivariate and multivariate analysis of the quantitative survey data was conducted to examine associations of caregivers' sociodemographic characteristics with testing awareness and having ever been offered testing. Transcripts from focus group discussions (FGD) were analysed for emerging themes related to caregivers' perspectives on malaria testing.Among surveyed caregivers who were predominantly female (81.7%), not formally educated (72.5%), and were housewives (68.8%); only 5.3% were aware of any diagnostic testing for malaria, and only 4.3% had ever been offered a malaria test by a health worker. Having at least a primary level education (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 20.3, 95% CI 4.5-92.1) and living within 5 km of the hospital (aOR 4.3, 95% CI 1.5-12.5) were determinants of awareness of malaria testing. Also, these were determinants of previously having been offered a test (aOR 9.9, 95% CI 2.1-48.7; and aOR 4.0, 95% CI 1.1-14.7). FGD showed many caregivers believed that malaria testing was for severe illness only, and that proximity to a health facility and cost of treatment influenced the seeking and receiving of care.Uptake of malaria testing prior to treatment can be improved by increasing its awareness and addressing misunderstandings among caregivers, promoting testing practices among health workers, and availing caregivers living farther from health centres alternative opportunities for community case management of febrile illnesses.
Seismic investigation on the cathedral of Syracuse by finite elements and by a specific rigid body and spring model

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The seismic behaviour of the cathedral of Syracuse, Sicily, is investigated by means of two complementary numerical analyses.The monument was built during the 5th century BC, as the Athena temple of Syracuse, and afterward repeatedly modified, mainly by Byzantines and next by Normans, to adapt it to the Christian worship.The complex geometry and the damaged conditions of some masonry elements make the modelling of this monument a challenging task.Moreover, the seismic investigation of this building needs non-linear dynamical analyses that can be practically performed only by adopting models with a limited number of degrees of freedom.Thus, we combined a 3-D finite element linear elastic analysis of the whole building with a 2-D non-linear full dynamical analysis of the transverse section of the building which adopted a specific rigid body and spring model, RBSM.Then, making reference to this latter model, the seismic performance of the building was investigated with reference to a real ground motion recording and to artificial accelerograms whose intensity is compatible with the seismic events that corresponds to return periods of 140 and 475 years.
The empirical research on the dimensional structure of employee's self-management

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In the era of knowledge-driven economy, self-management is becoming the main way of management. The precondition of carrying on self-management scientifically and effectively is to know the theory of self-management well and precisely. Many scholars are paying attention to the study of self-management. However, the research on dimensional structure of employee's self-management is limited. And the definition of self-management is vague. Through literature review and qualitative analysis, the thesis concludes the dimensional structure of employee's self-management, and then the conclusion will be examined through confirmatory factor analysis. It proves that employee's self-management consists of five dimensions, including self-knowledge, self-planning, self-control, self-learning and self-interpersonal management. It also verifies the practicability of the proposed framework.
Influenza epidemiology in patients admitted to sentinel Australian hospitals in 2018: the Influenza Complications Alert Network (FluCAN)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Influenza Complications Alert Network (FluCAN) is a sentinel hospital-based surveillance program that operates at sites in all jurisdictions in Australia. This report summarises the epidemiology of hospitalisations with laboratory-confirmed influenza during the 2018 influenza season. In this observational surveillance system, cases were defined as patients admitted to any of the 17 sentinel hospitals with influenza confirmed by nucleic acid detection. Data were also collected on a frequency-matched control group of influenza-negative patients admitted with acute respiratory infection. During the period 3 April to 31 October 2018 (the 2018 influenza season), 769 patients were admitted with confirmed influenza to one of 17 FluCAN sentinel hospitals. Of these, 30% were elderly (≥65 years), 28% were children (<16 years), 6.4% were Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, 2.2% were pregnant and 66% had chronic comorbidities. A small proportion of FluCAN admissions were due to influenza B (13%). Estimated vaccine coverage was 77% in the elderly (≥65 years), 45% in non-elderly adults with medical comorbidities and 26% in children (<16 years) with medical comorbidities. The estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) in the target population was 52% (95% CI: 37%, 63%). There were a smaller number of hospital admissions detected with confirmed influenza in this national observational surveillance system in 2018 than in 2017, with the demographic profile reflecting the change in circulating subtype from A/H3N2 to A/H1N1.
Weakly bound solitons and two-soliton molecules in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Analytic expressions have been derived for the interaction potential between dipolar bright solitons and the binding energy of a two-soliton molecule. The properties of these localized structures are explored with a focus on their behavior in the weakly bound regime, with a small binding energy. Using the variational approach a coupled system of ordinary differential equations for the parameters of a soliton molecule is obtained for the description of their evolution. Predictions of the model are compared with numerical simulations of the governing nonlocal Gross-Pitaevskii equation and good qualitative agreement between them is demonstrated.
"I arrived with just $1 in my pocket": Narratives of immigrant exceptionalism on X

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Narratives of immigrant exceptionalism such as “I arrived with just $1 in my pocket” are commonly used by established immigrants in Canada to signal their personal achievement, their resilience, their claims to legitimacy on Canadian issues, or simply to counter narratives of an unwelcoming place. The convenience of the temporal and seemingly causal communicative form of the narrative, further combined with the social position of the established immigrant, the narratives of immigrant exceptionalism are highly amenable for reproduction. These narratives must be contextualized within the wider discourse of Canadian exceptionalism that allow such narratives to be further reproduced over generations and cohorts of new immigrant arrivals through the creation of the imaginary integrated immigrant. The framing of the narratives of immigrant exceptionalism tells us about the spectrum of meanings that people attach to immigrant exceptionalism, as well as what Canadian exceptionalism means to them. I collected 165 posts from X/Twitter and categorized the tweets into frames. I find that relevant problem frames such as “taking responsibility” and “threat“ stand out, as well as benefit frames such as “solidarity”.
Slave flexible micro-finger integrated with sensor for master-slave sense presentation system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this study, we investigated a flexible micro-finger as slave machine of a master-slave sense presentation system. Information on the contact object, such as temperature, was acquired using a sensor integrated into the micro-finger. A pneumatic micro-actuator was used as artificial muscle to drive the micro-finger. The human interface of the master-slave system was implemented to present information acquired by the slave micro-finger. The integration of the sensor into the flexible and deformable actuator is presented in this paper. A thermistor was embedded into the tip of the pneumatic balloon actuator. Sufficient electrical connection and endurance of the wire under large bending motion were verified. The effective contribution of the micro-finger to temperature measurement on unstable biological surface and master-slave temperature presentation system was demonstrated.
The Static Future of the International Financial System

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Advisor Ted P. Schmidt, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Economics & Finance First Reader Ted P. Schmidt, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Economics & Finance Second Reader William T. Ganley, Ph.D., Professor of Economics & Finance Third Reader Joelle J. Leclaire, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Economics & Finance Department Chair Theodore F. Byrley, Ph.D., Chair and Associate Professor of Economics & Finance
2146. MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Rapid Pathogen Identification and Outcomes of Patients with Bloodstream Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Several studies showed inconsistent results on the efficiency measures of the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) technology and patients’ clinical outcomes. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effectiveness of MALDI-TOF MS-based bacteriology in improving the accuracy of microbiology report and clinical outcomes. Methods PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched from database inception through May 1, 2018 for pre–post and parallel comparative studies that evaluated the use of MALDI-TOF MS for identification of microorganism from blood culture. Pooled effect estimates were derived using the random-effects model. Univariate meta-regression on trial-level covariates was used to assess heterogeneity sources. Funnel plot, Begg’s and Egger’s tests were used to assess publication bias. Results Thirteen studies with 3,534 patients were meta-analyzed. Compared with conventional methods, MALDI-TOF MS was associated with 34% reduction in mortality (RR = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.54; 0.81; I2 = 27.6%; 9 studies); 5.3-hour reduction in time-to-effective antibiotic therapy (95% CI: -6.4; -4.3; I2 = 98.0%), 24.5-hour reduction in time to identify bacteria (95% CI: −25.7; −23.3; I2 = 91.0%); 0.9-day reduction in hospital stay (95% CI: −1.4; −0.3; I2 = 56.6%), and US$4100 saving in direct hospitalization cost (95% CI: $−8,200; $−113; I2 = 66.1%). No significant heterogeneity sources were found (all P-interaction from meta-regression > 0.05) and no statistical evidence for publication bias was found (all P > 0.05). Conclusion Rapid pathogen identification by MALDI-TOF MS with or without antibiotic stewardship was associated with reduced mortality, improved outcomes of bloodstream infection, and may be cost-effective among patients with bloodstream infection. Nevertheless, a multicenter randomized controlled trial is needed to confirm findings of these pre–post comparison studies. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
Trends in the development of new medicines by UK‐owned pharmaceutical companies (1964‐1980).

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

One hundred and ninety‐seven new chemical entities (NCEs) were investigated in man for the first time between 1964 and 1980 by the seven UK‐owned pharmaceutical companies. Thirty‐five of these NCEs have been marketed and 137 withdrawn from further research and development. There was an increase in the number of NCEs investigated each year, but this was counter‐balanced by an increase in the number rejected. Development times increased from about 4.5 years in the 1960s to 9 years in the 1970s with an accompanying reduction in the effective patent life.
Aflatoxin Contamination of Spices Sold Collected from Local Market in Tripoli

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aflatoxins are considered the most carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic substances found naturally in foods and feeds. These metabolites cause liver damage to humans and to most experimental animal species tested ,Conducted a survey to assess the level of contamination of spices items poisons aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2, and in the local market in Tripoli in Libya during (2014), a (Caraway , Mixed spices , Cinnamon , Black pepper, Red pepper and Cumin). Aflatoxins were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results were obtained as follows: the average concentrations of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 in Caraway (7.1 ± 0.1, 4.9 ± 0.08, 2.4 ± 0.9, 3.1 ± 0.07 µg/kg) respectively, in Mixed spices the average concentrations (3.4 ± 0.2, 1.9 ± 0.04, 1.2 ± 0.03, 0.9 ± 0.09 µg/kg) respectively, in the cinnamon, the average concentrations (6.4 ± 0.06, 2.5 ± 0.03, 3.1 ± 0.8, 0.7 ± 0.01 µg/kg) respectively, in Black pepper, the average concentrations (12.1 ± 0.7, 7.8 ± 0.09, 3.4 ± 0.08, 5.1 ± 0.04 µg/kg) respectively, in Red pepper, the average concentrations (5.2 ± 0.2, 4.4 ± 0.08, 2.2 ± 0.06, 3.1 ± 0.1 µg/kg) respectively, and in Cumin concentrations were an average of (10.2 ± 0.2, 9.8 ± 0.1, 12.12 ± 0.09, 7.6 ±0.1µg/kg),respectively. These results indicate the contamination of spices to aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 were in various concentrations, this difference depends on the type of the fungus and environmental conditions, as well as the availability of nutrients to the fungus.
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B4 deficiency exacerbates acute lung injury via NF-κB signaling in bone marrow-derived macrophages

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Acute lung injury (ALI) is an acute inflammatory disease. Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B4 (LILRB4) is an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM)-bearing inhibitory receptor that is implicated in various pathological processes. However, the function of LILRB4 in ALI remains largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to explore the role of LILRB4 in ALI. LILRB4 knockout mice (LILRB4 KO) were used to construct a model of ALI. Bone marrow cell transplantation was used to identify the cell source of the LILRB4 deficiency-aggravated inflammatory response in ALI. The effect on ALI was analyzed by pathological and molecular analyses. Our results indicated that LILRB4 KO exacerbated ALI triggered by LPS. Additionally, LILRB4 deficiency can enhance lung inflammation. According to the results of our bone marrow transplant model, LILRB4 regulates the occurrence and development of ALI by bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) rather than by stromal cells in the lung. The observed inflammation was mainly due to BMDM-induced NF-κB signaling. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that LILRB4 deficiency plays a detrimental role in ALI-associated BMDM activation by prompting the NF-κB signal pathway.
VALPROIC ACID AS A REFERENCE SUBSTANCE FOR THE STUDY OF THE MOLECULAR-GENETIC MECHANISM OF OBESOGENITY OF ENDOCRINE DISRUPTERS

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and its derivatives are recognized as obesogens. Clinically used valproic acid (VPA) as a drug is structurally similar to PFOA. The objective of the investigation was to study the molecular-genetic mechanism of the weight gain by patients taking the VPA drugs and correlation with candidate genes involved in the metabolism of medium chain fatty acids. Weight and basal insulin level were evaluated in 238 patients both before and after 12 months of VPA treatment. Genotyping of SNPs rs1801282, C>G (Pro12Ala) gene PPARγ and rs1799883, G>A (Ala54Thr) gene FABP2 were performed with TaqMan Real-Time PCR Assay. Women who gained weight were genotyped «СС» for the rs1801282 PPARγ gene and appeared to have significantly higher insulin level (26.3±1.7 uU/ml) as compared to women with the same genotype and without weight gain (14.9±3.1 uU/ml). Similarly, men who gained weight and were genotyped «СС» for the rs1801282 PPARγ gene, showed significantly higher insulin level (25.4±1.8 uU/ml) as compared to men with the same genotype and without weight gain (13.,3±2.9 uU/ml). Women who gained weight and were genotyped «AA» or «AG» for the rs1799883 FABP2 gene had significantly higher insulin level (32.1±1.7 uU/ml) as compared to women with the same genotype and without weight gain (17.1±3.2 uU/ml). No correlation of insulin levels with weight gain and genotypes were identified for men. Obesogens, structurally similar to the medium chain fatty acids (in particular PFOA and analogues), can affect weight gain through the development of insulin resistance.
Microencapsulation of acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC) AND ciriguela (Spondias purpurea L) mixed juice with different wall materials

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effect of five different mixtures containing xanthan gum (XG), maltodextrin (MD) and gum arabic (GA) on microencapsulation by spray drying of mixed acerola and ciriguela juice was investigated in order to preserve its contents of ascorbic acid (AA), total phenolic compounds (PC) and total carotenoids (TC), as well as its antioxidant activity (AO) under different temperatures. All microcapsules produced with the different mixtures showed effective AA retention. Microcapsules produced using the mixtures with the highest and the lowest XG concentrations showed the greatest TC and PC retentions, respectively. As the mixture with MD and the lowest XG concentration ensured the highest AO retention, these microcapsules were stored for 30 days at 5°C, which ensured satisfactory preservation of AA, PC, TC and AO. Examination of their morphology by scanning electron microscopy showed the absence of pores or cracks, which allowed us to infer low oxygen permeability and high oxidative stability.