jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Combination chemotherapy with neocarzinostatin (NCS) and other antitumor agents for advanced carcinoma of the digestive organs--improved clinical effect with NFO therapy].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We have previously reported the clinical effect of NF therapy (NCS 5,000 units and 5-FU 500 mg intravenously; twice a week) on patients with advanced carcinoma of the digestive system. In the present study, NFO therapy (NCS 2,000 units and 5-FU 500 mg intravenously, Picibanil 1-2K. E. intramuscularly; twice a week) was applied for those patients to take advantage over NF modality. Treated were 62 patients with NFO and 48 were evaluated for its clinical effects. In comparison of NFO and NF, the antitumor effects were noted in 9 of 48 patients (18.8%) for NFO, and 2 of 27 (7.4%) for NF therapy judged by Koyama & Saito's criterion. If the Karnofsky's criterion was applied, I-A category or more were obtained in 10 of 48 patients (20.8%) for NFO and in 2 of 27 (7.4%) for NF therapy. In particular, NFO therapy resulted in the advantageous clinical effects on patients with hepatic and pancreatic carcinomas irrespective of primary or metastatic. The adverse effects of NFO were not more frequent than those of NF therapy. From these results, a new combination regimen, NFO, is thought to bring about a considerable benefit in the treatment of advanced carcinoma of the digestive organs.
Recursive polarization of nuclear spins in diamond at arbitrary magnetic fields

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We introduce an alternate route to dynamically polarize the nuclear spin host of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. Our approach articulates optical, microwave, and radio-frequency pulses to recursively transfer spin polarization from the NV electronic spin. Using two complementary variants of the same underlying principle, we demonstrate nitrogen nuclear spin initialization approaching 80% at room temperature both in ensemble and single NV centers. Unlike existing schemes, our approach does not rely on level anti-crossings and is thus applicable at arbitrary magnetic fields. This versatility should prove useful in applications ranging from nanoscale metrology to sensitivity-enhanced NMR.
Accuracy Guarantees for Phylogeny Reconstruction Algorithms Based on Balanced Minimum Evolution

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Distance based phylogenetic methods attempt to reconstruct an accurate phylogenetic tree relating a given set of taxa from an estimated matrix of pair-wise distances between taxa. This paper examines two distance based algorithms (GreedyBME and FastME) which are based on the principle of trying to minimise the balanced minimum evolution (BME) score of the output tree in relation to the given estimated distance matrix. We show firstly that these algorithms will both reconstruct the correct tree if the input data is quartet consistent, and secondly that if the maximum error in any individual distance estimate is ε, then both algorithms will output trees containing all edges of the true tree that have length at least 3ε. That is to say the algorithms have edge safety radius 1/3. In contrast, quartet consistency of the data is not sufficient to guarantee Neighbor Joining (NJ) reconstructs the correct tree, and moreover NJ has edge safety radius of 1/4, which is strictly worse.
Disaggregation and Forecasting of the Monthly Indonesian Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is considered as the best measure of economicperformance. However, in Indonesia, the GDP is presented in quarterly aggregate value.As a result, the monthly economic outlook is unknown, and analysis with other monthlyeconomic variables becomes limited. Therefore, this study will disaggregate quarterlyGDP into monthly GDP and its forecasting by using one of the coincident indicatorswhich are monthly Production Index of Large and Medium Manufacturing (industrialproduction index). Disaggregation is done on National GDP data of Indonesia period2000/I to 2016 / IV, whereas forecasting is made on monthly and quarterly GDP 2017.This study uses a combination of the simple linear regression model and ARIMA modelwith some modifications. The disaggregation result indicates that the monthly GDPmoves volatile and has a different pattern between quarters. Also, the monthly GDPdisaggregation and forecasting are proven that can be used by industrial productionindex that becomes a coincident indicator. GDP 2017 shows that the highest quarterlyGDP will have occurred in the third quarter, whereas the highest monthly GDP willhave occurred in June (second quarter). The result of disaggregation can be used furtherto the study of economic outlook will be more comprehensive.
Ribeiroia ondatrae causes limb abnormalities in a Canadian amphibian community

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A parasitic flatworm ( Ribeiroia ondatrae Price, 1931) is known to cause severe limb abnormalities and high mortality levels in American amphibian populations. The distributional pattern of this parasite—its main dispersal agent being birds—correlates with the boundaries of migratory flyways in the USA. Yet thus far, R. ondatrae have not been found in Canadian amphibians, which is surprising, considering that said flyways extend well into northern Canada. In this study, we report on a lake in British Columbia that is known to support amphibians with abnormalities similar to those induced by R. ondatrae. To determine if the parasite was present and if it was the cause of the abnormalities, we collected and necropsied metamorphs of the Columbia Spotted Frog ( Rana luteiventris Thompson, 1913) and the Pacific Chorus Frog ( Pseudacris regilla (Baird and Girard, 1852)), and we set up field enclosures to protect larvae from R. ondatrae. Abnormality levels were high in both species (>20%), with the vast majority being found in close proximity to the metacercariae of R. ondatrae. Moreover, the types of abnormalities closely matched those previously recorded in field and laboratory exposures of amphibians to R. ondatrae. Finally, larvae that developed in the same lake, but were protected from R. ondatrae by an enclosure, did not develop abnormalities. Collectively, these results demonstrate that R. ondatrae are both present in an amphibian community in Canada and responsible for causing limb abnormalities.
Internal Geometry and External Wall Effects on Fluidic Oscillator Behavior

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This study quantified the correlation of internal geometry (including Coanda effects) and external walls on oscillation frequency for a fluidic oscillator that was tested for a variety of mass flow rates using CO2 gas. The oscillator designs were modified by altering the aspect ratio (AR) with respect to the exit nozzle and changing the cross-sectional area ratio (MR) between the exit throat and power nozzle. The AR and cross-sectional MR were shown to be correlated with frequency. External walls parallel to each other and perpendicular to the oscillator exit throat were added at varying separation distances to observe how they affected the jet oscillation angle and frequency. By increasing the convexity of the exit throat, Coanda effects were about three times more effective in increasing the oscillation angle compared to wall effects. The internal geometry effects were combined by nondimensional analysis to find a function for predicting the frequency of an oscillator in terms of aspect and area ratios. The function showed that the oscillators converged to a single Strouhal number of 0.016.
Hamlet's Two Souls

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Much of Hamlet's agony and frustration appears in the homonymous play as a result of the abruptly broken relationship with his father, in which the young prince idealized himself as an inevitable continuation of the late king, not only in familial terms but, above all, in political terms. The fact that Hamlet wasn't allowed to receive the crown and was left with only the idealized memory he had forged of his father (given that Claudius tried to eradicate any reminiscences of the former king as quickly as possible) means that the young Prince was deprived of the precursor he was destined, in the future, to become. This rupture means that Hamlet, the prince, is bereft of becoming Hamlet, the king. Because of this, the inner burden doubles on himself: that of bearing an unendurable memory with which he identifies, but which can only be maintained through iminent and deadly revenge. The memory of Hamlet, the father, thus becomes incompatible with the future of Prince Hamlet. Contrary to Kantorowicz's dualistic division in The King's Two Bodies, between the «natural body» and the «body politic» of the king, categories that can be contrasted with the descriptions of the ghost of King Hamlet, Prince Hamlet suffers from the tragic fact of having only one body, but two Hamlets in himself.
Monsignor Van Hee, Congo, ca.1920-1940

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"Mgr. Van Hee, Vicaire-apostolique du Kwango." A portrait of a Catholic missionary father shows the monsignor in his clerical vestments.; The back of the postcard is closely covered in handwriting and is stamped and postmarked. Printed in the correspondence section is "Mission des RR. PP. Jesuites au Kwango (Congo Belge)
Evaluating the Impact of Virtual Reality on Design Review Meetings

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With the help of virtual reality (VR), architectural design can be visualized interactively and at full scale. Viewers of VR models also gain an additional sense of spatial depth and volume. These capabilities make VR a unique design visualization media, and have attracted research interests in applying VR for design reviews. For example, previous research has studied the application of VR for evaluating the designs of courtrooms, nuclear power plants, patient rooms, and educational buildings. This research extends contributions reported in existing literature that aims to explore the value and impact of VR on design review meetings. This research performs a detailed analysis of a large number of design review meetings, including 13 meetings conducted on building construction projects. A novel design review evaluation methodology, designed to leverage video analysis techniques was adopted to allow for higher consistency of the evaluation results and reducing the impact of user bias caused by the novelty effect of VR. This methodology provides systematic rules and metrics to analyze design review meeting quality. The research has also extended the analysis of the impact of VR-based design review meetings to those that involve occupants and facility maintenance staff, which is a type of VR-based review that has not been extensively studied in the previous literature. The results of this research show that VR alone is not necessarily better than traditional media, such as drawings, in facilitating active discussions of design issues. Instead, the authors find that design review meetings yield more effective discussion and better meeting efficiency when VR is orchestrated with, and supported by, other design visualization media, such as drawings, digital models, renderings, and maps. This paper also summarizes six strengths and four weaknesses of VR to support design review meetings when compared with 2D drawings. To help project teams decide if VR should be used for their design reviews, the authors recommend the consideration of three criteria: (1) the reviewers' exposure to the design, (2) the scope of the review, and (3) the project complexity.
CISTOTOMIA EM CADELA COM HIDRONEFROSE ASSOCIADA A OBSTRUÇÃO POR URÓLITOS VESICAIS: RELATO DE CASO

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Urolithiasis is one of the most common diseases of the canine urinary system, which can be caused by diet, reduced water consumption by the animal, in addition to racial, age and sex predisposition. Furthermore, urolithiasis can culminate in hydronephrosis, in which the renal pelvis dilates as a result of the obstruction of urinary flow. The clinical signs of this condition vary according to the severity of the animal’s condition, but may include dysuria, polyuria and urinary incontinence. The definitive diagnosis is based on history, clinical evaluation, complementary imaging exams such as abdominal ultrasound and abdominal radiography. Treatment can be clinical or surgical and dietary management may be necessary, depending on the urinary stone analysis made. The objective of this report was to describe the clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of a five-year-old Shitzu female dog, with bladder uroliths and hydronephrosis as a result of this condition. After care and clinical management with laboratory and complementary exams, the treatment through cystotomy was the one of choice. The urolith was sent for analysis and allowed the establishment of an appropriate therapeutic protocol, through dietary management. Besides that, the female dog was monitored to observe the reversal of hydronephrosis. After surgical and clinical treatment, the animal presented a stable condition and the dilation of the renal pelvises were reversed, making the animal’s prognosis favorable.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The permanent representatives of the Council of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) met on March 27, 1956 in Paris, to consider the Algerian situation; the Council announced that it had been kept constantly informed of the with drawals by France of forces assigned by that country to NATO defense in Europe, and had examined the situation in Europe arising from these troop movements. After noting that France had found it necessary, in the interests of its own security, to reinforce the French forces in Algeria, which was part of the North Atlantic Treaty area, the Council stated that it recognized the importance to NATO of security in this area. After expressing hope for an early and lasting settlement, the Council noted the determination of the French government to restore, as soon as possible, its full contribution towards the common defense in Europe. According to a later news report, General Gruenther (Supreme Allied Commander Europe) declared that it might become necessary to seek other forces to replace those which France had transferred to Algeria; he felt that a re-evaluation of the allied position in Europe in the light of the Algerian situation might be started about the end of 1956 if the Algerian situation had not been stabilized by that time.
Effect of Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Extracts on Leishmania major In Vitro and In Vivo

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The leaves extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis (aqueous, alcoholic and oils) were studied as antileishmanial inhibition on Leishmania major promastigotes form. Oils were more active against promastigotes than aqueous and alcoholic extract, thus, the LD50 for oils, alcoholic and aqueous extract was (0.602, 3.630 and 4.786) mg/ml respectively. Oils and alcoholic extract were used by topical application for treated BALB/c mice experimentally infected with L. major, on the footpad thickness and mice tail base ulcers.
CONVERSION FROM CYCLOSPORINE A TO TACROLIMUS IN KIDNEY TRANSPLANT WITH CHRONIC REJECTION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

P731 Aims: Tacrolimus’ (Tac’) immunosuppressive activity is similar to cyclosporine A (CsA). However, we are going to confirm that it is still an opportunity for those kidney transplant recipients with ongoing chronic rejection. Methods: A total of 1250 consecutive patients who underwent kidney transplantation between 1998 and 2002 in our hospital were studied (725 men, 525 women; mean age: 47.4±10.8 years). There were 94 recipients with chronic rejection which were confirmed by renal biopsy. We changed their immunosuppressive regimen from CsA (5.1±0.3mg/kg/d)to Tac(0.8±0.006 mg/kg/d). Results: Serum creatinine decreased (2.7±0.4-2.0±0.2mg/dL, P<0.005), creatinine clearance increased (34.6±2.5-47.1±5.8mL/min/1.73m2, P<0.005), and urinary protein excretion decreased (250±50-50±50mg/dL, P<0.01) after 3 months, and these values were maintained after 2 years with Tac treatment. During Tac therapy, anti-donor and anti-control mixed lymphocyte culture decreased 45% and 38% (p<0.01), respectively. Conclusions: Our data indicate that conversion from CsA to Tac therapy leads to an improvement in renal function without altering key elements of the immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients with ongoing chronic rejection. It’s an opportunity for them to improve their renal function.
Distinct neural circuits for control of movement vs. holding still

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In generating a point-to-point movement, the brain does more than produce the transient commands needed to move the body part; it also produces the sustained commands that are needed to hold the body part at its destination. In the oculomotor system, these functions are mapped onto two distinct circuits: a premotor circuit that specializes in generating the transient activity that displaces the eyes and a “neural integrator” that transforms that transient input into sustained activity that holds the eyes. Different parts of the cerebellum adaptively control the motor commands during these two phases: the oculomotor vermis participates in fine tuning the transient neural signals that move the eyes, monitoring the activity of the premotor circuit via efference copy, whereas the flocculus participates in controlling the sustained neural signals that hold the eyes, monitoring the activity of the neural integrator. Here, I review the oculomotor literature and then ask whether this separation of control between moving and holding is a design principle that may be shared with other modalities of movement. To answer this question, I consider neurophysiological and psychophysical data in various species during control of head movements, arm movements, and locomotion, focusing on the brain stem, motor cortex, and hippocampus, respectively. The review of the data raises the possibility that across modalities of motor control, circuits that are responsible for producing commands that change the sensory state of a body part are distinct from those that produce commands that maintain that sensory state.
Molecular and serological detection of Babesia Bovis and Babesia Bigemina in cattle in the Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Bovine babesiosis is an important disease of cattle where Rhipicephalus microplus acts as a vector for the two causal organisms Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina. A total of 22 calves were randomly monitored during three years by semi-nested PCR assay and ELISA test to determine prevalence of B. bovis and B. bigemina. The overall prevalence of B. bovis and B. bigemina was 30% and 35% by nested PCR (nPCR), and 70% and 75% by ELISA, respectively. Statistical analysis of the characteristics of animals showed that age and tick infestations (p&lt;0.05) might play an important role in the spread of babesiosis as animal less than 6 months old. A high correlation (Kappa index of 0.70 for B. bovis and 0.65 for B. bigemina, respectively) between serological and molecular tests suggests that the combination of the utilized techniques in the present study is suitable for babesiosis diagnosis in an endemic unstable area.
The Driverless Cars Emulsion: Using participatory foresight and constructive conflict to address transport’s wicked problems

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper introduces a novel methodology to the transport sector to foster dialogue between actors holding different perspectives on issues pertinent to the future of mobility that might be termed 'wicked'. The case of driverless cars is considered. The paper points to a dearth of interaction between actors holding different and sometimes polar opposite views on what driverless cars could mean for the future of transport and society. It examines the role of bringing diverse perspectives together in a collaborative setting to address this wicked problem. The importance of creating task conflict is highlighted in the facilitation of engagement and achievement of shared learning. The Emulsion Methodology brings together into constructive dialogue (the emulsion) people with alternative perspectives on driverless cars (evangelists, opponents and agnostics) that may not typically mix (oil and water). The one-day workshop format (the emulsifier) involves co-creation, in mixed-perspective groups, of plausible utopias and plausible dystopias for a driverless cars future in 2050. The Three Horizons method is then used to identify significant issues at play in the transition to such futures. In turn, this enables guiding principles for present day policy to be identified. Application of the methodology to driverless cars resulted in new learning, changed perspectives and specific insights of relevance to policymaking.
Cigarette Smoking Promotes Infection of Cervical Cells by High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses, but not Subsequent E7 Oncoprotein Expression

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Persistent cervical infection with high-risk Human papillomaviruses (hrHPVs) is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for the development of cervical cancer. Therefore, there are other co-factors facilitating the hrHPV carcinogenic process, one of which is smoking. In order to assess the effect of smoking on high-risk (hr) HPV DNA positivity and on the expression of HPV E7 oncoprotein, as a surrogate of persistent hrHPV infection, we used data from women recruited for the PIPAVIR project, which examined the role of E7 protein detection in cervical cancer screening. Women were tested for hrHPV DNA, using Multiplex Genotyping and E7 protein, using a novel sandwich ELISA method, and gave information on their smoking habits. Among 1473 women, hrHPV prevalence was 19.1%. The odds ratio (OR) for hrHPV positivity of smokers compared to non-smokers was 1.785 (95%CI: 1.365-2.332, p&lt;0.001). The ORs for E7 positivity, concerning hrHPV positive women, ranged from 0.720 to 1.360 depending on the E7 detection assay used, but this was not statistically significant. Smoking increases the probability of hrHPV infection, and smoking intensity is positively associated to this increase. Smoking is not related to an increased probability of E7 protein positivity for hrHPV positive women.
Light sterile neutrino limits from cosmology

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Early Universe represents an important environment to test the neutrino proprieties. In­ deed Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, Cosmic Microwave Background radiation, Large Scale Struc­ ture formation could be essentially influenced by the presence of neutrinos, in particular by their number and their mass. In recent years a renewed attention has been devoted to low-mass sterile neutrinos $(m ~ 1 eV)$, after intriguing but controversial hints coming from laboratory oscillation experiments. Given the doubtful situation, is necessary to study the physical con­ ditions under which the sterile production occurs and to investigate the consequences on the cosmological observables.