jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Control of Network Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram during Holidays: A Case Study of Qingming Festival in Tianjin

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the macroscopic traffic states and network traffic dynamics during the Qingming Festival holiday are explored with the Macroscopic Fundament Diagram (MFD), including the weekday before the holiday (WBH), the day of Qingming Festival (DQF), and the ordinary weekday (OW). The network is heterogeneous on the densities’ distribution, and the congested areas are different in location and size. Normalized Cut (Ncut) algorithm is used to partition the heterogeneous network into multiple homogeneous subregions. The MFD of each subregion is distributed within the critical density on the WBH, and the high-density region moves from the city center to the periphery. On the DQF, high-density areas are on the central and west of the urban network. The congested branch appears on the MFD of the subregion. Then, two calibrated dynamic models, are applied to analyze the network evolution based on the partitioning results. On the basis of the calibrated model, several control strategies are proposed to relieve regional congestion on holidays. According to the simulation results, congestion on the DQF can be alleviated by controlling the external inflow ratio of subregion 2 or limiting the amount of traffic entering subregion 2 from the outside.
Living Conditions in Orang Asli Resettlement Project (PROSDET) of Pantos, Pahang, Malaysia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the living conditions of 183 Orang Asli (aborigines) of six villages who were resettled at Program Bersepadu Daerah Terpencil (PROSDET), Pantos in Kuala Medang, Pahang, Malaysia. The research aims to analyze the resettlement project and to determine if it has improved affected Orang Asli's livelihood and quality of life. Household survey, descriptive analysis, observations and physical analysis of the settlements were used in this research. The findings disclosed dissatisfactions among Orang Asli for reasons which mainly related to their livelihood, traditional lifestyle and culture. The paper provides recommendations to ensure better future resettlement programs for Orang Asli.
Discussion on University Library's Circulating Service in the New Period

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper discusses on the variation of the working environment of university library's circulating service, puts forward some strategies for improving the quality of the circulating service, such as strengthening the investigation of the readers, strengthening the mutual literatures borrowing and resources sharing among the libraries, increasing the level of the circulating service, strengthening the education for readers' ideological quality, and establishing the circulating service ranks with higher quality, etc.
[Aortic replacement during post chemotherapy retroperitoneal residual tumor resection for nonseminomatous germ cell tumor: a case report].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 59-year-old man visited our hospital complaining of epigastralgia. A large hard mass was palpable in the abdominal cavity. Abdominal computed tomography revealed large retroperitoneal cystic tumors. His left testis was hard and swollen. Under the diagnosis of testicular tumor and retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis, left radical orchiectomy was performed and the histopathological examination showed mature teratoma. He was diagnosed with nonseminomatous germ cell tumor and retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis (TNM classification stage IIC). He received three cycles of chemotherapy with bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin and we performed retroperitoneal residual tumor resection. Because the tumor tightly adhered to the aortic wall, abdominal aorta was resected and replaced by an artificial vessel. The post-operative course was uneventful. Histopathological diagnosis was cystopapillary adenocarcinoma and mature teratoma. The patient is well 1 and a half years after the operation without recurrence.
Incorporating Surrogate Species and Seascape Connectivity to Improve Marine Conservation Outcomes

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Conservation focuses on maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, but gaps in our knowledge of species biology and ecological processes often impede progress. For this reason, focal species and habitats are used as surrogates for multispecies conservation, but species‐based approaches are not widely adopted in marine ecosystems. Reserves in the Solomon Islands were designed on the basis of local ecological knowledge to conserve bumphead parrotfish ( Bolbometopon muricatum ) and to protect food security and ecosystem functioning. Bumphead parrotfish are an iconic threatened species and may be a useful surrogate for multispecies conservation. They move across tropical seascapes throughout their life history, in a pattern of habitat use that is shared with many other species. We examined their value as a conservation surrogate and assessed the importance of seascape connectivity (i.e., the physical connectedness of patches in the seascape) among reefs, mangroves, and seagrass to marine reserve performance. Reserves were designed for bumphead parrotfish, but also enhanced the abundance of other species. Integration of local ecological knowledge and seascape connectivity enhanced the abundance of 17 other harvested fish species in local reserves. This result has important implications for ecosystem functioning and local villagers because many of these species perform important ecological processes and provide the foundation for extensive subsistence fisheries. Our findings suggest greater success in maintaining and restoring marine ecosystems may be achieved when they are managed to conserve surrogate species and preserve functional seascape connections. Incorporación de Especies Sustitutas y de Conectividad Marina para Mejorar los Resultados de Conservación
Salicylic acid induced by herbivore feeding antagonizes jasmonic acid mediated plant defenses against insect attack

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We recently reported the transcriptomic signature of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthetic and responsive genes in Arabidopsis thaliana plants infested with the herbivore Eurydema oleracea. We demonstrated that insect feeding causes induction of both SA- and JA-mediated signaling pathways. Using transgenic SA-deficient NahG plants, we also showed antagonistic cross-talk between these two phytohormones. To gain more insight into the roles of the SA and JA pathways in plant defenses against E. oleracea, we report here on the dynamics of SA and JA levels in the wild-type genotype Col-0 and the transgenic Arabidopsis NahG mutant that does not accumulate SA. We show that SA strongly accumulates in the wild-type plants after 24 h of herbivore infestation, while JA levels do not change significantly. On the contrary, in the infested NahG plants, SA levels were not affected by E. oleracea feeding, whereas JA levels which were constitutively higher than the wild-type did not significantly change after 6 hours of herbivore feeding. Accordingly, when the wild-type and the jar1-1 mutant (which fails to accumulate JA-Ile) Arabidopsis plants were challenged with E. oleracea in a two-choice arena, the insect fed preferentially on the jar1-1 plants over the wild-type. These data support the conclusion that E. oleracea infestation strongly induces the SA pathway in the wild-type, thus antagonizing JA-mediated plant defenses against herbivory, as a strategy to suppress plant immunity.
Caring for a child with club foot impact on family: A cross sectional study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Clubfoot is a treatable abnormality that can be managed with early interventions. Parental support is important for the compliance of the management and to achieve good outcome. Identifying and quantifying the family impact due to this condition is important when addressing the caregivers of these children. The aim of this study was to determine the financial, familial social impact, personal strain, and coping strategies of parents of a child with CTEV and explore any associated factors. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 48 families presenting to the club foot clinic at Lady Ridgeway Hospital, Sri Lanka. A self-administered questionnaire with the Impact to Family Score and selected demographics was filled out by the selected participants. Results: Mean age of the children in the study sample was 21.4 months. 65.96% of the sample were families where only one parent was working and 64.6% of the total sample were living with extended families. The perceived mean total impact was 53.9 (SD=11.59) (range 34 to 78) and implying to be significantly lower than a USA study measuring impact for other chronic illnesses in children (M=48.03, SD=8.2, t(47)=3.53, p<0.01). Total impact in only one parent working (M=50.42, SD=9.80) implied to be significantly higher than both parents working (M=59.88, SD=12.51) t(45)=-2.87, p<0.01. Conclusion: Except for personal strain domain, all other domains of the family impact are perceived less when caring for a child with clubfoot than when caring for a child with chronic medical illness. Instances with only one working parent, and those living with extended family were identified to have a higher perceived impact when compared to their counterpart groups. Coping strategies of the parents were more favourable within nuclear families. This can be taken as a baseline study which demonstrates caregiver and family burden when caring for a child with club foot.
Postcolonialism in South Africa: Unraveling Historical Legacies and Contemporary Impacts

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Critically observing and analyzing South Africa calls for the mentions of colonialism and postcolonialism. The African country was highly influenced throughout its history by western powers, those times having an important impact in today’s day and age. Frantz Fanon and Edward Said will be the main inspiration points of the study, their viewpoints helping us to understand the implications of colonialism and postcolonialism. Narrative building, stereotyping and power games will be added to the problematics of racial subjugation, psychological traumatization and the need for self-realization in order to frame the image of South Africa. These ideas will be complemented by the addition of critical theory, which will complement the paper by looking into the economic dimension of the colonial and postcolonial periods. This mash-up of ideas will try to serve as a framework that will better explain the situation in South Africa and how the discovered problems could or should be settled.
Original Article Mutations in NPHS2 in sporadic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in Chinese children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background. Since the identification of the NPHS2 gene, various investigators have demonstrated that an NPHS2 mutation is a frequent cause of sporadic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), and occurs in 10.5–28 % of children with the syndrome. Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is also the most frequent glomerular disease in Chinese children, of which 20 % of cases show steroid resistance. To our knowledge, however, whether or not NPHS2 is the causative gene in Chinese sporadic SRNS has not been established. This study aims to examine mutations in NPHS2 in Chinese children with sporadic SRNS. Methods. We examined 23 Chinese children with sporadic SRNS for mutations in NPHS2. The muta-tional analysis of NPHS2 was performed by poly-merase chain reaction, denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography and DNA sequencing. Results. A heterozygous missense mutation of L361P in exon 8 of NPHS2 was detected in one of 23 children with sporadic SRNS, whereas it was not found in 53 controls. We also identified seven NPHS2 poly-morphisms, 51G&gt;T, 288C&gt;T, IVS3-46C&gt;T, IVS3-21C&gt;T, IVS7-74G&gt;C, 954T&gt;C and 1038A&gt;G, in some patients and controls. There was no significant difference in the genotypic and allelic frequencies of these polymorphisms between the patients and controls. Conclusion. The results demonstrate that NPHS2 mutations are also present in Chinese sporadic SRNS. Our investigation supports the necessity of searching for mutations in NPHS2 in Chinese children with sporadic SRNS.
WS-107A-1, Instrumentation Configuration Series D, Article 24, Sycamore Test Stand S-2

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This report presents tabulations of the functions to be measured via direct line instrumentation for the series 'D' Captive Test Missile D-24. The tabulations are to be used by Instrumentation Design, Operations, and Data Reduction Groups to determine instrumentation, data handling, and data reduction requirements. (Author)
Inclined Direct Shear Testing Device: A New Tool for Bone Mechanics and Osteoporosis Research

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Shear properties and strength are crucial for osteoporotic hip and wrist fracture risk assessment. This paper presents the design of a newly developed testing device for bone mechanical properties under circulation of different fluids. The device will ultimately be used to actively modify bone mineral content and porosity to simulate different stages of osteoporosis and directly measure the corresponding changes in mechanical properties. Preliminary results on intact bovine cancellous bones without fluid circulation showed excellent agreement with published literature data.
Structures of bis(1,2-diphenylphosphinoethane)nickel(II) dinitrate and bis(cis-1,2-diphenylphosphinoethene)nickel(II) diperchlorate

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

[Ni{(C 6 H 5 ) 2 PCH 2 CH 2 P(C 6 H 5 ) 2 } 2 ](NO 3 ) 2 cristallise dans P2 1 /n avec a=10,430, b=16,337 et c=13,780 A; β=93,29 o , Z=2; affinement jusqu'a R=0,072. [Ni{(C 6 H 5 ) 2 PCHCHP(C 6 H 5 ) 2 } 2 ](ClO 4 ) 2 cristallise dans P2 1 /n avec a=14,048; b=15,994 et c=10,878 A; β=97,08 o , Z=2; affinement jusqu'a R=0,054. Dans les deux composes, l'atome Ni est situe sur un centre de symetrie et est coordonne a deux phosphines bidentees dans un plan. Une legere difference dans la structure des cations provient des differentes conformations du cycle chelate. Dans les deux composes, les anions sont desordonnes
A new approach to the entropy power inequality, via rearrangements

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A new lower bound on the entropy of the sum of independent random vectors is demonstrated in terms of rearrangements. This lower bound is better than that given by the entropy power inequality. In fact, we use it to give a new, independent, and simple proof of the entropy power inequality in the case when the summands are identically distributed. We also give a more involved but new way to recover the full entropy power inequality, without invoking Fisher information, MMSE or any differentiation of information functionals.
Peripapillary retinal artery in first diagnosed and untreated normal tension glaucoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Glaucoma, an important cause of visual impairment in many countries, remains a common eye condition due to difficulties in its early diagnosis. We analyzed the characteristics of retinal arteries to add a valuable technology for helping the normal tension glaucoma (NTG) diagnosis. Methods This study included 51 patients with newly diagnosed NTG with hemifield defects and 60 age-matched controls. Peripapillary retinal arteriolar calibers (PRACs) photoed by non-mydriatic retinal camera were measured using ImageJ by two masked readers. We also performed spectral-domain optical coherence tomography to evaluate retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) and optic disc parameters. Their relations to retinal arteriolar calibers were investigated by univariate and multivariate linear regression. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was used to confirm the powers to detect NTG by PRACs. Results PRACs in four quadrants were significantly reduced in individuals with first diagnosed NTG (82 ± 15.1 μm, 80 ± 13.6 μm, 71 ± 11.6 μm, and 64 ±10.0 μm) compared with those in age-matched controls (101 ± 9.8 μm, 105 ± 8.7 μm, 90 ± 7.5 μm, and 82 ± 9.8 μm). Superotemporal and inferotemporal PRACs in the visual field-affected hemifield were narrower than those in the unaffected hemifield in NTG group ( P ≤0.004). Temporal PRACs in the RNFL unaffected hemifield were significantly narrower than in healthy eyes ( P <0.001). Superotemporal PRAC showed a significant correlation with superior RNFLT (β=0.659, P <0.001), and a similar relationship was found between inferotemporal PRAC and inferior RNFLT (β=0.227, P =0.015). The diagnostic capability of temporal PRACs was satisfactory (superotemporal PRAC; AUROC 0.983, cut-off value 84.7 μm, inferotemporal PRAC; AUROC 0.946, cut-off value 94.2 μm). Conclusions PRAC and infero temporal PRAC are valid parameters for discriminating patients with NTG.
Rapid improvement of lake acid–base status in Atlantic Canada following steep decline in precipitation acidity

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Policy measures resulted in reductions in acidic emission of sulfur and nitrogen in North America. Here, we conducted trend analyses on a 37-year database for atmospheric depositions and lake ( n = 78) chemistry in the provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Newfoundland and Labrador, in Canada. Sulfate, and particularly nitrate deposition, began to decrease strongly around the year 2000, resulting in strong pH increases in precipitation. Recovery was observed in most lakes with significant increases in pH and Gran alkalinity (AlcG). A piecewise regression approach detected coherent breaks and overlapping confidence intervals in the break years for precipitation pH and lake AlcG (to a lesser extent for lake pH), suggesting a rapid lake response to the sudden changes in acidic inputs. However, an increase in organic acid after 2000 decreases the rate of acid neutralizing capacity recovery nearly by half in about a third of the studied lakes. Despite the positive pH and AlcG trends, a significant proportion of lakes still have pH and calcium values below the recommended thresholds for aquatic life.
Clay mineralogy of onshore UK Carboniferous mudrocks

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The Carboniferous in Britain is diverse and this is reflected in the clay mineral assemblages. Several factors affecting the assemblages are identified including climate, rates of weathering and erosion, source rocks in the hinterland, preservation of palaeosols, whether the source rocks are nearby or distant, sorting during transportation, the presence of altered volcanic ash-falls in the depositional environment and the extent of burial diagenesis. There are temporal and geographic variations in the clay mineral assemblages in the mudrocks as a result of these controls. There are also clay-rich rocks that differ from the normal mudrocks and a knowledge of the clay mineralogy of these is a necessary prerequisite to a full understanding of their origins. Mudrocks falling in this category, and described below, include bauxitic clays, flint clays, fragmental clay rocks, tonsteins and K-bentonites and various palaeosols.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Human G-protein-coupled Receptor, EDG7, for Lysophosphatidic Acid

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), together with sphingosine 1-phosphate, is a bioactive lipid mediator that acts on G-protein-coupled receptors to evoke multiple cellular responses, including Ca2+ mobilization, modulation of adenylyl cyclase, and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation. In this study, we isolated a human cDNA encoding a novel G-protein-coupled receptor, designated EDG7, and characterized it as a cellular receptor for LPA. The amino acid sequence of the EDG7 protein is 53.7 and 48.8% identical to those of the human functional LPA receptors EDG2 and EDG4, respectively, previously identified. LPA (oleoyl) but not other lysophospholipids induced an increase in the [Ca2+]i of EDG7-overexpressing Sf9 cells. Other LPA receptors, EDG4 but not EDG2, transduced the Ca2+response by LPA when expressed in Sf9 cells. LPAs with an unsaturated fatty acid but not with a saturated fatty acid induced an increase in the [Ca2+]i of EDG7-expressing Sf9 cells, whereas LPAs with both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids elicited a Ca2+ response in Sf9 cells expressing EDG4. In EDG7- or EDG4-expressing Sf9 cells, LPA stimulated forskolin-induced increase in intracellular cAMP levels, which was not observed in EDG2-expressing cells. In PC12 cells, EDG4 but not EDG2 or EDG7 mediated the activation of MAP kinase by LPA. Neither the EDG7- nor EDG4-transduced Ca2+ response or cAMP accumulation was inhibited by pertussis toxin. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that EDG7, a new member of the EDG family of G-protein-coupled receptors, is a specific LPA receptor that shows distinct properties from known cloned LPA receptors in ligand specificities, Ca2+ response, modulation of adenylyl cyclase, and MAP kinase activation.
IT Self-Employment: A Protean Career View

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

IT self-employment is a growing trend. IS research however has mostly focused on careers of IT professionals in an organizational context. In this study, we use the Protean Career perspective to investigate reasons for the transition of IT professionals from organizational to self-employment in IT. Using eight waves of a longitudinal survey, we find that job satisfaction, growth need strength and IT human capital are positively associated with this career decision. We contribute to the literature on career mobility of IT professionals.
Beauty Influencer on Social Media: Credibility, Perceived Value, Trust and Purchase Intention of Skin Care Products

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Beauty influencers have emerged as a novel force within the beauty sector by effectively harnessing the potential of social media platforms to endorse products and engage with their followers. Nonetheless, there remains a need for further exploration into the role of beauty influencers in order to enhance the beauty industry's understanding of consumer purchasing behavior. Consequently, this study endeavors to investigate the impact of influencer credibility, perceived trust, and perceived value on the intention to purchase skin care products. The focus of this research is on active followers who have bought Skin care products as a result of information disseminated by beauty influencers via social media. The empirical analysis of the data utilizes component-based structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings of this study have demonstrably established that influencer credibility exerts a positive and significant influence on perceived trust and purchase intention. Moreover, perceived trust and value also exert a positive and significant influence on purchase intention. Beauty influencers have become a potent and indispensable strategy within the beauty industry, as they possess the ability to cultivate trust and expand their reach to a broader audience.