jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Study on the relationship of catalytic activities and o‐Ps annihilation properties of supported palladium species chelated by different functional groups

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A series of Schiff‐base functional groups modified MCM‐41 materials have been synthesized and used as the supports of palladium species. The chemical structures of MCM‐41 functionalized by nine Schiff‐base functional groups were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), whereas their grafting densities of functional groups were achieved from the results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and elemental analysis (EA). Small angle powdered X‐ray (SAX) patterns demonstrate that the ordered mesoporous structures of MCM‐41 were well retained after modification of functional groups and immobilization of Pd 2+ cations. Moreover, the regular mesoporous structures of supports and homogeneous dispersions of Pd 2+ cations were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopic (PALS) results revealed that the electronic and steric factors of functional groups could affect the o ‐Ps annihilation properties of support Pd 2+ cations. Meanwhile, the catalytic activities of these supported Pd 2+ cations chelated by different functional groups were determined by the Heck reaction of iodobenzene with n ‐butyl acrylate. At last, the catalytic activities of these supported Pd 2+ cations were linearly correlated to their o ‐Ps annihilation properties. This result demonstrates that the catalytic activities of supported Pd 2+ cations chelated by different functional groups can be readily determined by the o ‐Ps annihilation, which can be potentially used in the design and preparation of highly active palladium catalysts.
Europawahl 2019: neue politische Konstellationen für die Wahlperiode 2019-2024

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article argues that the results of the European elections 2019 differ considerably in the 28 member states of the European Union since they were primarily determined by factors within the respective national context: the priorities in the political discourse and the actual configuration of the party system. The article identifies new political constellations for the European Parliament (the formation and composition of party groups incl. the relative weight of national groups as well as the relations between party groups) and asks about their impact on the role of the European Parliament in the electoral period 2019-2024 and on the inter-institutional relations. The Spitzenkandidaten procedure serves as a first test case.
Age‐ and sex‐specific rates of gall bladder disease in children with sickle cell disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) have an increased risk for gallstones due to chronic hyperbilirubinemia from hemolysis. Although gallstones are a known complication, there is variability in estimates of disease burden and uncertainty in the association between sex and gall bladder disease (GBD). Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of children with SCD using administrative claims data (January 1, 2014–December 31, 2018). Population‐averaged multivariable panel‐data logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between GBD clinical encounters (outcome) and two exposures (age and sex). Annual GBD risk was calculated using predictive margins, adjusting for disease severity, transfusion frequency, and hydroxyurea exposure. Results A total of 13,745 individuals (of 21,487 possible) met inclusion criteria. The population was evenly split across sex (49.5% female) with predominantly Medicaid insurance (69%). A total of 946 individuals (6.9%) had GBD, 432 (3.1%) had a gallstone complication, and 487 (3.5%) underwent cholecystectomy. The annual risk of GBD rose nonlinearly from 1 to 5% between ages 1 and 19 years with no difference between males and females. Cholecystectomy occurred primarily in individuals with GBD (87%), and neither age nor sex was associated with cholecystectomy in this population. High disease severity (compared with low) more than doubled the annual risk of GBD at all ages. Conclusions GBD is associated with age but not sex in children with SCD. Neither age nor sex is associated with risk of cholecystectomy. High disease severity increases the rate of GBD at all ages.
Web 2.0 and Opportunities for Entrepreneurs

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The increasing value of Web 2.0 applications and their effects on consumers and organizations are frequently attracting academic and professional communities. A new set of new technologies, called Web 2.0, offers new opportunities, and blurs the boundaries between online and offline activities, opening a new era characterized by: openness, collaboration, and participation. It presents a new affordable channel for entrepreneurs in different sectors to market and build communities, and to receive a direct feedback about their products and services. Even though entrepreneurship in general and their use of Web 2.0 in particular are relatively new concepts especially in developing countries, entrepreneurship has gained a special interest in Egypt due to the success realized by some youth entrepreneurs who consider the Internet and different Web 2.0 applications as an integral aspect in their daily lives. Hence, the present chapter investigates opportunities for small businesses in the Web 2.0 era. In-depth semi-structured interviews were arranged with a number of Egyptian entrepreneurs who started their business. The research conducted revealed that Web 2.0 adoption by Egyptian entrepreneurs is affected by three main factors: age of entrepreneur, date of establishment of the company, and nature of the business: traditional or virtual. It was concluded also that Egyptian entrepreneurs are still at an early stage in using Web 2.0 since a large number of the sample used in this research are still reluctant to consider incorporating this technology in their working practice. For those already embracing Web 2.0, they limit such use on social media only without considering other applications (such as podcasts, really simple syndication, blogs, wikis, etc.), and they do not have clear objectives and strategies that govern such use. Findings of this study can provide helpful guidelines for small businesses to begin using and leveraging Web 2.0. This chapter provides a valuable contribution to the field of entrepreneurship and electronic business research. Specifically, the chapter highlights the applicability of Web 2.0 in entrepreneurial activities in developing countries: an area of research yet unexplored.
Phase-dependent interference fringes in the wavelength scaling of harmonic efficiency

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We describe phase-dependent wavelength scaling of high-order-harmonic generation efficiency driven by ultrashort laser fields in the midinfrared. We employ both numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation and the strong field approximation to analyze the fine-scale oscillations in the harmonic yield in the context of channel-closing effects. We show, by varying the carrier-envelope phase, that the amplitude of these oscillations depends strongly on the number of returning electron trajectories. Furthermore, the peak positions of the oscillations vary significantly as a function of the carrier-envelope phase. Owing to its practical applications, we also study the wavelength dependence of harmonic yield in the single-cycle limit, and observe a smooth variation in the wavelength scaling originating from the vanishing fine-scale oscillations.
Managing Soybean Cyst Nematode by Utilizing Cover Crops and Resistant Sources from Early Maturing Soybean Accessions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Greenhouse and microplot studies were conducted for understanding the effects of cover crop species/cultivars for hosts and population reduction of soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines) from the fields of North Dakota. Moreover, early-maturing soybean [Glycine max (L.)] accessions from different countries of origin were screened for resistance against two common SCN populations for finding new sources of resistance. Thirty-eight cover crop species/cultivars were evaluated for their hosting ability of two SCN populations (SCN103 and SCN2W) from two fields of North Dakota in greenhouse experiments. The majority of the tested crops were non-hosts for both SCN populations. However, a few of them, such as Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum L.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L. cv. Dixie), crambe (Crambe abyssinica, cv. BelAnn), field pea, cvs. Aragorn and Cooper, hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), turnip (Brassica rapa L. cv. Purple top), and white lupine (Lupinus albus L.) were poor-hosts/hosts of both SCN populations. Furthermore, thirteen of them were tested for the SCN population reduction either or both in the greenhouse and microplot experiments. Out of 13, at least four crops, such as annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.), brown mustard (Brassica juncea L. cv. Kodiak), daikon radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and turnip cv. Pointer showed more than 50% population reduction compared with initial population densitiy, consistently in the greenhouse or microplot experiments. The resistance screening of 152 early-maturing soybean accessions showed that a majority of the accessions were susceptible/moderately susceptible to both SCN populations (SCN HG type 0 and 2.5.7), while a few (n=18) showed good resistance responses to both or either of the SCN populations. \nThe cover crops, which were non-hosts/poor-hosts and have a greater ability for the SCN population reduction have great potential to be included in an integrated SCN management strategy. The novel resistant accessions identified in this study have the potential to be used in soybean breeding for developing SCN-resistant cultivars after confirming their resistance response and identifying the resistance genes/loci. The results obtained from this study helps in developing a sustainable SCN management strategy in the northern Great Plains.
Literary Influences

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter discusses Roth's literary influences, and explores how Roth himself negotiates multiple forms of influence. It acknowledges the impact of specific predecessors and contemporaries on Roth's work, such as Kafka, Bellow, Malamud, James, and others, while also exploring less-often acknowledged literary influences such as Anne Frank, Virginia Woolf, and Joyce Carol Oates.
DEVELOPMENT OF SERICIN HYDROGEL INCORPORATED WITH GREEN SYNTHESIZED CERIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES USING Securinega leucopyrus FOR CHRONIC DIABETIC WOUND HEALING APPLICATIONS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Now a days the biomaterials made of sericin from waste Bombyx mori cocoon has created elevated interest among research community due to their high biocompatibility with wide range of cell lines. In our present study, we reported the synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONPs) from the plant extract of Securinega leucopyrus and incorporated in sericin hydrogel for the development of novel nanocomposite for wound healing applications. The plant extract acts as both reducing as well as stabilizing agent which helps in the conversion of cerium nitrate to cerium oxide. To analyze the properties of the synthesized nanoparticles various physiochemical characterizations such as UV-visible spectrophotometry, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were performed. UV-Visible spectrum of the synthesized nanoparticle showed distinct peak at 240 nm. The size and charge of the nanoparticle was investigated using DLS and was found to be 186.7 nm and -22.5 mV. The plant extract and the cerium oxide nanoparticles also showed antibacterial activities against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) microorganisms. The plant extract and the nanoparticles synthesized showed anti-oxidant activity with radical scavenging of 83.4 % and 76.48 % respectively. The hydrogel also exhibited good water retention property and swelling behavior. The drug release kinetics were studied for obtained sericin hydrogel. The plant extract and CeONPs loaded hydrogels also exhibited good antibacterial activity. Hence, our results conclude that sericin nanocomposite hydrogel could be the potential candidate in healing chronic wounds.
Effects of corn steep liquor supplementation on performance and herbivory patterns of beef \ncows grazing native range infested with sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Increased grazing pressure on sericea lespedeza by beef cattle, the most economically \nrelevant herbivore in the region, may slow its spread and facilitate some measure of \nbiological control. Unfortunately, mature plants contain high levels of condensed \ntannins that decrease protein digestion by beef cattle, and these compounds are potent \ndeterrents to grazing. Supplementing corn steep liquor has been shown to alleviate the \nnegative effects associated with ingestion of condensed tannins when beef cattle are fed \nprairie hay contaminated with sericea lespedeza. In addition, beef cows supplemented \nwith corn steep liquor did not discriminate between sericea lespedeza–contaminated \nand sericea lespedeza–free prairie hay in a preference trial. Therefore, the objective of \nour study was to evaluate the effects of supplemental corn steep liquor on herbivory \npatterns and performance of beef cows grazing native tallgrass rangeland infested with \nsericea lespedeza.
Effect of P. ginseng on the expression of c-Fos in the brain of Wistar rats with testosterone induced benign prostatic hyperplasia

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) show in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The three major micturition centers in brain are pontine micturition center (PMC), ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG), and medial preopticnucleus (MPA) regions. Previous study showed that c-Fos expression change was associated with LUTS. In present study, the effect of P. ginseng on c-Fos expression in PMC, vlPAG, and MPA regions in rat brain was tested. P. ginseng is the four year-old Korean ginseng. It was collected at the department of medicinal crop research (Eumsunggun, Chungbuk, Korea) in September 2010. The four groups (n = 6) are control group, BPH-induced group, BPHinduced and P. ginseng-treated group, and BPH-induced and finasteride-treated group. BPH in rats was induced by testosterone. After 4 weeks, all animals were sacrificed to evaluate c-Fos expression in PMC, vlPAG, and MPA regions in rat brain. The c-Fos expression was evaluated in the regions of rat brain by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Present results showed that c-Fos expressions in PMC, vl-PAG, and MPA regions in brain of rats in the BPH-induced group were higher compared to c-fos expression of the control group. The increased c-Fos expression in three regions (PMC, vlPAG, and MPA) were decreased by treatment with P. ginseng (200 mg/kg). These results suggest that P. ginseng has an inhibitory effect on the symptoms of BPH and is associated with regulation of c-Fos expression in the brain in a testosterone induced BPH rat model.
The Authority Problem.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article reports that in a multigenerational gathering, 27 video makers and conceptual artists confronted the question of institutional control, as well as a range of social ills. Many of the artists, especially those from Eastern Europe, have never been seen in Miami and the issues raised in their high-concept pieces are rarely addressed in this different social and political climate. The curatorial framework needed explanation to make the show accessible, and yet the ponderously academic catalogue.
vanA Gene Cluster in a Vancomycin-Resistant Clinical Isolate of Bacillus circulans

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT We report on the cloning and sequencing of the vanA gene cluster present in the glycopeptide-resistant clinical isolate Bacillus circulans VR0709 (R. Fontana, M. Ligozzi, C. Pedrotti, E. M. Padovani, and G. Cornaglia, Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 16:473–474, 1997). The presence of a vanA -related gene in VR0709 was demonstrated in a PCR assay which permitted the specific amplification of an internal segment of vanA . Southern blotting suggested that the vanA gene was located in the chromosome in a 7.6-kb Eco RI fragment. DNA sequence analysis revealed the presence of all seven genes of the vanA cluster ( vanR , vanS , vanH , vanA , vanX , vanY , and vanZ ). The degree of identity between homologous proteins encoded by Tn 1546 and the chromosome of B. circulans VR0709 ranged from 87 to 95%. Neither PCR nor Southern blotting with specific primers and probes, respectively, showed the presence of open reading frames (ORFs) 1 and 2 which encode the transposase and the resolvase of Tn 1546 , respectively, the transposon found to carry the vanA gene cluster in enterococci. Determination of the sequences of the flanking regions of the van gene cluster of B. circulans revealed perfect inverted repeats of 10 bp which delineated a 9.2-kb region containing the van gene cluster and an ORF which encoded a putative protein (178 residues) which displayed a low level of identity (28%) to the resolvase of Tn 1546 . These results suggest that glycopeptide resistance in B. circulans VR0709 is associated with the acquisition of a vanA gene cluster which shows a high degree of homology with that of enterococci. In B. circulans , however, the cluster is not carried by Tn 1546 and is borne by the chromosome.
Efficacy and safety of different doses of subcutaneous galcanezumab in chronic and episodic migraine: A pooled analysis of 3651 patients (P10-12.003)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of galcanezumab doses in chronic and episodic migraines.

Background:

Migraine is a severe kind of headache and is represented by 14% of the population and up to 18% of women. Galcanezumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to calcitonin gene-related peptides and is used to prevent migraines.

Design/Methods:

In September 2022, we conducted a comprehensive search in five databases, including EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and SCOPUS. We appraised each study using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Our primary outcome was the change in the monthly migraine headache days (MMDs). Data were extracted and analyzed using RevMan version 5.4.

Results:

We included eight randomized controlled trials with 3651 migraine patients. In episodic migraine, galcanezumab (120–150 and 240–300mg) showed a significant reduction in MMDs compared to placebo after six months. Also, in chronic migraine, galcanezumab (120mg) reduced MMDs compared to placebo after three months. The analysis was conducted according to each month's records, and the mean difference change ranged from −1.62 to −2.86 (P-value < 0.001). All doses showed a significantly higher rate in ≥50%, ≥75%, and 100% response rates. Regarding safety outcomes, galcanezumab was associated with injection site-related complications such as pruritis, reaction, swelling, or erythema. In contrast, the two groups showed no difference regarding any adverse or serious adverse events, upper respiratory tract infection, oropharyngeal pain, injection site pain, back pain, sinusitis, and diarrhea.

Conclusions:

Subcutaneous galcanezumab reduced MMDs and increased response rates in chronic and episodic migraine patients. It is generally safe except for injection-related complications. Disclosure: Mohamed Sayed Zaazouee has nothing to disclose. Mr. Elsnhory has nothing to disclose. Ms. Ebrahim has nothing to disclose. Dr. Alaraj has nothing to disclose. Dr. Saad has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zaki has nothing to disclose. Mr. Ali has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fahmy Fawy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ahmed has nothing to disclose. Dr. Elshennawy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Eleyan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Alahmad has nothing to disclose. Dr. Abo Hamra has nothing to disclose. Dr. AbuEl-Enien has nothing to disclose. Dr. Elromely has nothing to disclose. Dr. Elshanbary has nothing to disclose.
The invasive adenylate cyclase of Bordetella pertussis. Properties and penetration kinetics

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Bordetella pertussis, the causative organism of whooping cough, produces a calmodulin-sensitive adenylate cyclase. Confer & Eaton [(1982) Science 217, 948-950] have shown that an extract from B. pertussis increases intracellular cyclic AMP levels in neutrophils and suggested that this increase is caused by the bacterial adenylate cyclase which penetrates these cells. We demonstrate in the present study that adenylate cyclase activity in lysates from lymphocytes exposed to a partially purified preparation of the bacterial enzyme has properties completely different from those of the intrinsic membrane-bound enzyme. Adenylate cyclase activity in lysates from lymphocytes exposed to the invasive enzyme is insensitive to N-ethylmaleimide, readily inactivated by acetic anhydride and relatively stable to SDS. Similar properties are exhibited by the bacterial enzyme itself. By contrast, the intrinsic membrane-bound enzyme activated by forskolin and guanosine 5′-gamma-thiotriphosphate is sensitive to N-ethylmaleimide and SDS and relatively stable to acetic anhydride. This strongly supports the notion that B. pertussis adenylate cyclase penetrates cells. Using the partially purified preparation of the invasive enzyme, we have studied the kinetics of its penetration. The intracellular catalytic activity reaches a steady state within 20 min, irrespective of enzyme or cell concentration. Steady-state levels are maintained for at least 2 h provided that the invasive enzyme is present in the incubation medium. Upon its removal, a rapid decrease (t1/2 approximately equal to 15 min) in the intracellular cyclase level is observed. This decrease reflects intracellular inactivation of the bacterial enzyme and is not caused by the release of the enzyme to the cell medium.