jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Energy and Aerospace

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Over seven decades have passed since Wilbur and Orville Wright successfully flew their 1903 Flyer and thus ushered in a new era in human history. The impact on our own civilisation of the brothers' accomplishment has been as profound as it has been lasting. As the new era of heavier-than-air flight matured and man gained increasing confidence in the air, his restless mind looked outward and pondered the possibility of flight into space. In due course, the intellectual and adventuresome descendants of the Wrights made tentative probings in latter day spacecraft counterparts of the 1903 Flyer and were soon spending days, weeks and even months in the strange extra-terrestrial environment.
Research on the Design of the Ontology-Based Automatic Question Answering System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Automatic question answering system is a hot issue in the field of natural language processing, and is playing an increasingly important role in the long-distance teaching through networks. This paper proposes an ontology-based automatic question answering system model, at first, build restricted area ontology, then take advantage of the accurate description of concept as well as the definition of the relationship of the concepts, to expand keywords and improve the accuracy and recall rates.
Immunological and Molecular Mechanism Induced by Indoor Bio‐contaminants

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Indoor biological contaminants cause various allergies and respiratory and other disorders. Though considered safe, indoor environment harbors a high concentration of bio-contaminants, most of which are airborne and suspended as aerosols. Building materials, building systems, equipment, pets, and humans themselves are sources of biocontaminants. There are various types of receptors that recognize these contaminants and initiate an immune response, which could be of innate or adaptive type. The primary role of immune system is to stop the attack of biocontaminants and protect individuals from diseases. However, sometimes these protective barriers are breached leading to severe diseases in affected individuals. Various equipment have been designed and methods developed to reduce the concentration of indoor biocontaminants and thus protect individuals like elderly people and infants who spend majority of their time in indoor environment.
DETERMINATION OF CHUANXIONGQIN IN CHUANXIONGQIN HYDROCHLORIDE SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION BY RP-HPLC

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A RP-HPLC method was established for the determination of ChuanXiongQin in ChuanXiongQin hydrochloride sodium chloride injection. The C18 column(3.9 mmi.d×150 mm) and Uviol detection was used. The mobile phase was consisted of CH3OH-H2O (52:48V/V),the detection wavelength was at 290 nm. The average recoveries were 100.36%(RSD=1.22%). The standard curve was linear over the range of 3～27μg穖l-1 with the correlation coefficient 0.9996. The method was simple, sensitive, rapid, and accurate. It could also control the quality of this product after it was put into production.
Management Model Oriented to Customer Satisfaction (TQM) in Gontor Islamic Boarding School (Study Case in Gontor Campus 7)

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Education is an important foundation to build human personality and civilization. In the era of globalization as we feel today, it is a challenge to face the world of education. Especially to resolve mental crisis of the younger generation. To satifiste expectations of parents, educational institutions must work harder to improve a quality of education.The improvement quality of education is'nt be separated from the improvement of quality management. Total Quality Management (TQM) is an approach in running a business totality, organizational competition through improving products, services, people, processes and the environment. to achieve customer satisfaction. Gontor is an islamic institution provides the best service by educational management model, that satisfaction can be seen from the increase and intereste a parents who send their children to this islamic institution, if other educational institutions can take something can be applied to improving the quality of management. So can improved quality and competitiveness in education market, especially to cure mental crisis of young generation.
Detection of DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Cultures of the monocytic line THP1 (A-C) or of normal human fibroblasts (NHF; D-F) were exposed to various amounts of ionizing radiation up to 10 Gy, incubated for 30 minutes at 37°C, then solubilized at 1 x 10<sup>7</sup> cells/mL. <b>(A-C)</b> For THP1, graphs show the absolute amounts of H2AX <b>(A)</b> and γ-H2AX <b>(B)</b> from the ELISA at two extract dilutions, 1:25 (blue diamonds) and 1:50 (red circles), as well as the resulting values for % γ-H2AX <b>(C),</b> independent of extract dilution in the assay. Error bars show standard deviation. The linear best-fit trendline is also shown. <b>(D-F)</b> For NHF, graphs show the absolute amounts of H2AX at a dilution of 1:50 <b>(D)</b> and γ-H2AX at a dilution of 1:3 <b>(E)</b>, as well as the resulting values for % γ-H2AX <b>(F)</b>. For example at 10 Gy, total H2AX = 1000(value) x 50(dilution) = 50,000 pM/10<sup>7</sup> cells/mL. γ-H2AX = 600(value) x 3(dilution) = 1800 pM/10<sup>7</sup> cells/mL. %γ-H2AX = 1800/50,000 = 3.6%. For <b>(A-F)</b>, points represent average of 2 duplicates and error bars show standard deviation.</p>
Improvement of Photocatalytic Activity of Titanate Pyrochlore Y2Ti2O7 by Addition of Excess Y

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We found that Y2Ti2O7 samples prepared by polymerized complex method with excess amounts (5%) of Y showed higher photocatalytic activity for overall water splitting reaction than those prepared with a stoichiometric ratio of Y and Ti (1:1). The excess Y prevented the formation of the impurity TiO2 rutile which forms on the surface of catalysts at high temperatures and thereby decreases photocatalytic activity.
[Homozygote deficiency of thiopurine methyltransferase. A contraindication to the use of azathioprine in kidney transplantation].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Azathioprine-induced myelosuppression is the most important side effect observed in kidney transplantation. We report a case of severe neutropenia after kidney transplantation due to a thiopurine methyltransferase deficiency. This cause of azathioprine-induced myelotoxicity is rare, but its infectious consequences may be severe. Thiopurine methyltransferase deficiency must therefore be suspected when early and severe leukopenia occurs during azathioprine therapy. Erythrocyte thiopurine methyltransferase activity measurement confirms the diagnosis. Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine must afterwards be definitively avoided.
Structure-Preserving Simulation of the Lotka-Volterra System

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The Lotka-Volterra system is traditionally integrated with the classical Runge-Kutta method of order four or the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method which fails to preserve the special structure of the system in long term integration. This paper transforms the Lotka-Volterra system into a Hamiltonian system and integrates it with two highly efficient symplectic methods. The results of the numerical simulation show the robustness of these methods.
A frequency control approach based on wind generation operating as virtual synchronous generator

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The penetration of wind generation has grown significantly in many countries. As a result, the frequency response and stability has become a concern for power system operators. Thus, this work proposes an operational and control approach for wind generation units based on fully rated converter in order to simultaneously provide virtual inertia, primary frequency control, and secondary frequency control for power systems. The proposed control approach, based on virtual synchronous generator, also enables the wind generation to operate as a grid former (frequency control mode). The main contribution of this work is the proposition of an optimization formulation which optimizes the operating point of the wind generation, in order to reduce the deviation magnitude of the wind turbine speed after load variations. As a result, the optimization reduces the magnitude and settling time of mechanical dynamics and mechanical stress of the wind turbine, gearbox, and generator. The results have shown that the proposed control approach is effective in the provision of virtual inertia and frequency regulation. The proposed optimization approach has significantly reduced the deviation magnitude and settling time of the wind turbine speed after load variations.
Weed Seedling Emergence as Affected by the Interactions of Seed Morphology and Environmental Conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Effect of burial depth (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 cm) and flooding duration (0, 4, 8, 16 and 32 days) on Florida beggarweed (Desmodium tortuosum), hairy beggarticks (Bidens pilosa), pigweed redroot (Amaranthus retroflexus), prickly sida (Sida spinosa), and sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) were studied under controlled environmental conditions. The emergence of each weed species was recorded to quantify the treatment effects of burial depth or flooding conditions. Despite the differences in seed size among these species, similar trends of emergence were noted. Regardless of the species, the effect of burial depth on seeding emergence was Gussian type. Seedling emergence of each species was reduced from 0 cm depth; particularly for sicklepod it was negligible. When burial depth of seeds increased from 0 to 0.5 cm, emergence was improved across all species, on average 97%. When averaged across species, maximum emergence was recorded from 0.5 cm depth which was statistically equal to 1 cm depth. As burial depth increased from 0.5 to 8 cm, emergence was decreased from 61 to 10% with no germination at 16 cm depth, when data were averaged over species. While the trends of burial depth on emergence were similar among species, the effect was more evident with redroot pigweed and hairy beggarticks compared to the other weed species. When averaged across species, flooding periods of 4, 8, 16 and 32 days reduced weed emergence by 26, 50, 78 and 93%, respectively, over no flooding. Increasing flooding duration to 32 days significantly reduced emergences of most weed seeds, except redroot pigweed, where 29% seeds emerged after 32 days flooding. The roles of these environmental factors on physiological processes are discussed.
[Usefulness of scoring risk for adverse outcomes in older patients with the Identification of Seniors at Risk scale and the Triage Risk Screening Tool: a meta-analysis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A considerable proportion of the geriatric population experiences unfavorable outcomes of hospital emergency department care. An assessment of risk for adverse outcomes would facilitate making changes in clinical management by adjusting available resources to needs according to an individual patient's risk. Risk assessment tools are available, but their prognostic precision varies. This systematic review sought to quantify the prognostic precision of 2 geriatric screening and risk assessment tools commonly used in emergency settings for patients at high risk of adverse outcomes (revisits, functional deterioration, readmissions, or death): the Identification of Seniors at Risk (ISAR) scale and the Triage Risk Screening Tool (TRST). We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and SCOPUS, with no date limits, to find relevant studies. Quality was assessed with the QUADAS-2 checklist (for quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies). We pooled data for prognostic yield reported for the ISAR and TRST scores for each short- and medium-term outcome using bivariate random-effects modeling. The sensitivity of the ISAR scoring system as a whole ranged between 67% and 99%; specificity fell between 21% and 41%. TRST sensitivity ranged between 52% and 75% and specificity between 39% and 51%.We conclude that the tools currently used to assess risk of adverse outcomes in patients of advanced age attended in hospital emergency departments do not have adequate prognostic precision to be clinically useful.
The female space : a paradox

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This final-year essay aims to explore the contradictions that are present when we compare the texts Virginia Woolf’s “A Room of One’s Own”, Christina Rossetti’s “Goblin Market” and Charlotte Gilman’s “The Yellow Wallpaper”. The term “female space” is defined in this essay as the space that is imposed onto females by a patriarchal society, and how the females in the imposed space try to transform this space to express themselves. In Virginia Woolf’s “A Room of One’s Own”, Woolf advances the thesis that “a woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction” (1). What I would like to put forth in this final year essay is the contradictions that are inevitable with the transformation by women of the imposed spaces that they are stuck in. While some critics may argue, like Virginia Woolf, as she has put forth in her essay “A Room of One’s Own”, a woman needs to have a “room of her own” (1) to write fiction, and as women successfully navigate their female space, this could eventually lead to them having more power and ultimately being on equal footing with men – to be seen as equals and to have equal access men do to the same resources. However, this final year paper attempts to shed light on the negative effects of having a female private space on women, such as on their position in society relative to men. Because women are empowered in their female space, this final year essay seeks to prove that the existence of this female space ironically serves to limit the powers of women in society as well because of the fact that they do not have the same access to the same amount of resources that men do. In addition, this final year essay will also seek to prove that women, as they transform these spaces in order to express themselves, are in turn succumbing to patriarchal pressures that led them to be stuck in these gendered spaces in the first place. Moreover, women may be so used to dominating in only the female space, the restricted space they are expressing themselves in, that this results in them not knowing how to navigate their way in a typical masculine space. This masculine space is defined in this essay as spaces that are dominated by men, such as the business world, which is seen in the marketplace as in Christina Rossetti’s “Goblin Market”. I will be using these three primary texts as the main basis of my analysis, namely Virginia Woolf’s essay “A Room of One’s Own”, Christina Rossetti’s poem “Goblin Market”, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s short story “The Yellow Wallpaper”.
Coculture-Driven Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Differentiated Articular Chondrocyte-Like Cells Support Neocartilage Development

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Controlled differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into the chondrogenic lineage is crucial for in vitro generation of neocartilage, yet achieving it remains challenging. Traditional protocols for MSC differentiation using exogenous inductive molecules, such as transforming growth factor-β, fall short in meeting the needs of clinical applications because they yield differentiated cells that exhibit hypertrophic characteristics and subsequently facilitate endochondral bone formation. The objective of the current study was to deliver endogenous inductive factors from juvenile articular chondrocytes to bone marrow-derived MSCs to drive MSC chondrogenic differentiation through cocultivation of the two cell types in the absence of direct physical contact and exogenous stimulators. An initial chondrocyte/MSC ratio of 63:1 was identified as the appropriate proportion of the two cell populations to ensure that coculture-driven MSC-differentiated (CDMD) cells replicated the cellular morphology, behavior, and phenotype of articular chondrocytes. In a three-dimensional agarose system, CDMD cells were further shown to develop into robust neocartilage structurally and mechanically stronger than chondrocyte-laden constructs and with reduced hypertrophic potential. Although MSCs tended to lose the ability to express CD44, an important regulator in cartilage biology, during the coculture induction, CDMD cells regained this function in the three-dimensional tissue cultivation. The present work establishes a chondrocyte/MSC coculture model that serves as a template to better understand chondrocyte-driven MSC differentiation and provides insights for improved strategies to develop clinically relevant cartilage tissue replacements.
Accurate Estimation of Ethanol Content in Fruit Juices using CIELab Color Space and Chemometrics via Smartphone-based Digital Image Colorimetry

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This study aims to investigate the optimal color space and chemometric technique for digital image colorimetry to determine ethanol content (% v/v) in apple, orange, and grape juices, using potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) under acidic conditions. The accuracy of colorimetric–chemometric integration across various color spaces (RGB, HSV, CIELab, CMYK, CIELuv, CIEXYZ, and CIELch) was benchmarked against UV–Vis spectrophotometry using metrics such as coefficient of determination (R²), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and root–mean–squared error (RMSE). Various chemometric techniques (PLS, PCR, MLR, multivariable–SVR, and multivariable NN regression) were evaluated. Results demonstrate that combining the CIELab color space with PLS or MLR yields the most accurate ethanol determination. Both techniques achieved average MAPE and %RMSE values below 10% (7.026% and 7.78% for PLS; 7.34% and 7.94% for MLR) and a competitive limit of detection of 0.02% (v/v) at best, and 0.087% (v/v) on average, indicating excellent model predictability and accuracy.
Automatic Control of Drying Processes

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Drying can be seen as an operation where the objective is to reach some final food quality using for this purpose some optimally spent thermal energy. Because of its wide variety of products, drying technologies, production objectives, etc., the drying process presents some specific problems for automatic control. Nonlinearity is probably the main problem. We have shown that several interesting strategies are already used or in validation study. A linearization technique has proven, in several applications, to be efficient and simple. It can be used in most cases to increase the robustness of the controllers. Model-based predictive control appears to be one of the most promising techniques to treat nonlinear and multivariable problems as are found in drying. The model type is no longer a limitation for this method, so that it is interesting to combine it with a first-principle model.
Scientific Creativity, Science Education, Creativity in Science, Creativity Nurturing

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research was conducted to explore the teaching and learning approaches that facilitate the development of students’ scientific creativity traits. This in-depth research was conducted due to the dissatisfaction in creativity levels among the school students. This research adopted a qualitative approach with a case study design. It involved 4 science teachers in a secondary school as informants. The data was collected by interview method. Data showed teaching and learning approaches that facilitate the development of students’ scientific creativity comprised of; teaching thinking skills, technology-aid teaching and learning approach, experiment and practical based learning, inquiry-discovery based learning, cooperative based learning, and project-based learning. The findings also showed that the process of scientific creativity inculcation in schools is influenced by three factors namely teachers, students, and education setting. These factors can be categorized as facilitating and challenging factors. The teachers believed that the teaching and learning approaches will enhance students’ scientific creativity through science learning. However, the implementation of the approaches must be followed by the effective roles of teachers and students. At the same time, the influenced factors need to be considered to inculcate scientific creativity in teaching and learning. These factors will facilitate the effective inculcation of scientific creativity.
[Study on platelet-associated tissue factor and its significance].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Platelets contain TF and the latter released by activated platelet was functionally active. Platelet itself might not synthesize TF. Protein content and procoagulant activity of PATF in patients with coronary heart disease were higher than that in controls. All these indicate that platelet may be involved in coagulation and thrombosis by releasing TF.
Active Learning Strategies in Higher Education in the Arab World

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Through this chapter there is reflection on using active learning strategies for agricultural education in the Arab world. There are difficulties with utilizing specific active learning strategies that encourage student learning and achieve important graduate attributes. Changing teacher and faculty perceptions about learning strategies and focusing on students' higher order thinking requires a lot of training, orientation, and mind shifting. Learning through specific active learning techniques, such as vocational, simulation, case studies, and using technology, supports student learning. It is particularly important to use instructional ways that encourage deep learning and analysis with agricultural problems and deficits. Professional development and hands-on learning changes perceptions of teachers through agricultural education in the Arab world. Many aspects relevant to using active learning in agricultural education perfectly in Arab world countries are clarified.
Feasibility study of in situ imaging of Ir-192 source during HDR brachytherapy procedure using a small gamma imager based on a Hamamatsu R3292 PSPMT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Preliminary results obtained utilizing a compact gamma camera fitted with a pinhole collimator to track the position of a high activity 5.3 Ci pellet of Ir-192 used in high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy are presented. HDR brachytherapy procedures depend on delivering fractionated therapy doses to designated target volumes by timed insertion of a small (2-4 mm long) seed source of Ir-192 in body cavities or tumors. The Ir-192 source is attached to a wire and pulled/pushed in fine catheters that are operatively inserted in body cavities or tumor volumes. Presently, HDR procedures rely on a computer controlled mechanical delivery system to track the location of the source in the body. The objective of this study is to provide real-time images of the Ir-192 source in-vivo to monitor that the source is delivered to predefined locations for specified dwell times. The compact gamma camera is based on a 5" Hamamatsu R3292 position sensitive photomultiplier tube with a spatial resolution of about 1 mm. Several scintillator sensors were tested based on thin CsI(Na) crystals and a plastic scintillator (such as Bicron BC 400). The low efficiency of the plastic scintillation detector provided acceptable images of the 5.3 Ci Ir-192 source viewed with a pinhole collimator (dia 0.5 and 1.0 mm) located 16 cm from the source. This gamma camera approach provides a unique solution to the problem of verifying HDR brachytherapy treatments in the clinic.