jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Thyroid diseases : Advances on diagnosis and treatment. Recent topics. The Chernobyl Accident and thyroid gland cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

情報が錯綜しているチェルノブイリ原子力発電所事故の健康に対する影響について1990年から現地で医療調査に従事して来た経験をもとに紹介する. 10年目に明らかに臨床的に確認された健康傷害は134名の急性放射線症(28名が3カ月以内に死亡)と800名の小児甲状腺癌(3名が死亡)だけである.被曝線量に不確的要素が多いために放射線傷害の調査は続行中であるが, 4～5年で癌の発症が100倍以上になったことは前代未聞であり,現地の癌の発生を予防するためにも一般的な癌発生の機序の研究にも国際的な協力体制が望まれる.
Tonic glutamate-mediated control of rostral ventrolateral medulla and sympathetic vasomotor tone

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Sympathoexcitatory neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) play a key role in the tonic maintenance of resting arterial pressure. Removal of tonically active inhibitory inputs to the RVLM provided by the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) elicits a large increase in arterial pressure. The present study addresses the hypothesis that excitatory amino acids (EAA) provide the excitation of the RVLM responsible for the increase in arterial pressure that occurs after withdrawal of CVLM-mediated inhibition of the RVLM. In rats anesthetized with either alpha-chloralose or urethan, inhibition of the CVLM by local injection of muscimol markedly elevated arterial pressure. Subsequent injection of the EAA receptor antagonist kynurenic acid into the RVLM caused arterial pressure to fall to levels comparable to those that occur-with total autonomic blockade. In contrast, injection of kynurenic acid into the RVLM of control rats had little effect on arterial pressure. These results indicate that the large increase in arterial pressure produced by inhibition of the CVLM is mediated by EAA excitation of RVLM neurons. Furthermore, these data suggest that EAA play a prominent role in the tonic excitation of RVLM neurons, but, in intact rats, inhibition of EAA in the RVLM elicits no change in arterial pressure because of removal of inhibitory as well as excitatory drives of the RVLM.
Barriers and facilitators to reducing COVID-19 transmission in care homes: a qualitative exploration and survey

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Following epidemiological work on the transmission of COVID-19 in Norfolk care homes[1], we are conducting an exploratory study to extend our awareness of how care-home staff cope with infection-control mitigation measures. The aim is to identify any additional issues facing care-home (CH) workers and managers in delivering the safest possible care to their residents during the COVID-19 crisis and the challenges these may pose. Methods are an online survey to provide broad insights, followed by key informant interviews to explore lived experiences in depth. The study is ongoing until the end of January 2021. To date, we have 232 survey participants, representing a range of ages, gender, geographical location and occupational roles within care homes. Twelve interviews are completed/in process. Preliminary analysis (using the Framework method) suggests considerable variance in how CH staff are supported by training and/or information and the communication within the setting. Particular challenges emerged around personal protective equipment (PPE). Enablers included: effective communication strategy; a good team spirit; openness to learning within the CH. Barriers included: lack of awareness and preparation for COVID-19 compared with previous infectious outbreaks; lack of social and personal support in facing highly distressing situations; caring for residents living with dementia. These have provided valuable insights into our understandings of the practicalities and challenges around CH transmission mitigation measures for limiting the spread of COVID-19. [1]Brainard J. et al. (2020). Introduction to and spread of COVID-like illness in care homes in Norfolk, UK. J Public Health. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdaa218
Test Results of a New DGPS RAIM Software Package

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

integrity using differential GPS (DGPS). A new Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) software package, called “NavSafe,” is presented. The specific requirement met by NavSafe is the
provision of integrity guarantees for buoy positioning by the US Coast Guard (USCG). This task requires a navigation accuracy of 10 m (R951.
NavSafe provides alarms whenever the required integrity is not achieved.

Test results show that differential GPS can provide the accuracy required by the USCG for marine navigation tasks such as buoy laying. However, navigation outages do occur, even during zero-baseline laboratory tests. The new RAIM software reliably computes the variance of the pseudo-range errors and detects biases when they occur, thus
guaranteeing a predetermined level of navigation accuracy for DGPS.

The new RAIM software algorithm reduces integrity monitoring to a simple alarm structure. There are three alarm states, red, yellow, and green, analogous to a traffic light. A green alarm state guarantees that the required navigation accuracy has been met. A yellow alarm indicates a possible navigation outage but with a high probability of
false alarm. A red alarm confirms that the required navigation accuracy has not been met.

The algorithm adapts to current satellite geometry and provides a measure of the noise on the corrected pseudo-range measurements. The user specifies the required navigation accuracy by setting the maximum Radial Position Error WIPE), the maximum Probability of Missed Detection
(PMD), and the maximum Probability of False Alarm (PFA). A user-friendly graphical interface displays relevant navigation and satellite data, the alarm state, any biases on the pseudo-range
measurements, the effect of the bias on the navigation solution, and the statistical distribution of the navigation solution. The user selected set-points (maximum RPE, etc.) may be changed on-line using hot keys. A function has been derived which links the false
alarm rate to the satellite geometry. This integrity geometry measures the change in HDOP after a biased channel has been removed from the
navigation solution. It will be shown that integrity geometry is as important to integrity monitoring as HDOP is to navigation. The integrity geometry allows users to determine in advance what level of
integrity monitoring performance they can expect in a particular area at a particular time.
Recovery of foam stability of yolk-contaminated egg white by immobilized lipase.

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Seven kinds of lipase were immobilized to Sepharose 4 B, porous glass beads and ionexchange resins. Lipase immobilized to porous glass beads was most suitable for the treatment of yolk-contaminated egg white. Optimum pH and temperature were not varied by the immobilization. The immobilized lipoprotein lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens and lipase from Rhizopus delemar were applied to the treatment of yolk-contaminated egg white. The foam stability of the spray-dried egg white solution containing 0.05% yolk was completely recovered by the 30min's treatment with both immobilized lipases. This demonstrated the feasibility of improving the foaming properties of yolk-contaminated egg white by the immobilized lipase treatment.
“The Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as an Anti-Depressive Treatment is Falling: A Meta-Analysis”: Correction to Johnsen and Friborg (2015).

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Reports an error in "The effects of cognitive behavioral therapy as an anti-depressive treatment is falling: A meta-analysis" by Tom J. Johnsen and Oddgeir Friborg (Psychological Bulletin, 2015[Jul], Vol 141[4], 747-768). There are several numerical errors in the flowchart summarizing the selection and exclusion of studies as contained in Figure 1. The correct number of titles not further investigated should be 27,381; abstracts rejected should be 1,181; Excluded, different treatment form should be (94). The errors do not affect the results or conclusions of the study as the final number of meta-analysable studies are the same as originally reported. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2015-20361-001.) A meta-analysis examining temporal changes (time trends) in the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as a treatment for unipolar depression was conducted. A comprehensive search of psychotherapy trials yielded 70 eligible studies from 1977 to 2014. Effect sizes (ES) were quantified as Hedge's g based on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD). Rates of remission were also registered. The publication year of each study was examined as a linear metaregression predictor of ES, and as part of a 2-way interaction with other moderators (Year × Moderator). The average ES of the BDI was 1.58 (95% CI [1.43, 1.74]), and 1.69 for the HRSD (95% CI [1.48, 1.89]). Subgroup analyses revealed that women profited more from therapy than did men (p < .05). Experienced psychologists (g = 1.55) achieved better results (p < .01) than less experienced student therapists (g = 0.98). The metaregressions examining the temporal trends indicated that the effects of CBT have declined linearly and steadily since its introduction, as measured by patients' self-reports (the BDI, p < .001), clinicians' ratings (the HRSD, p < .01) and rates of remission (p < .01). Subgroup analyses confirmed that the declining trend was present in both within-group (pre/post) designs (p < .01) and controlled trial designs (p = .02). Thus, modern CBT clinical trials seemingly provided less relief from depressive symptoms as compared with the seminal trials. Potential causes and possible implications for future studies are discussed.
Improving the bound on the restricted isometry property constant in multiple orthogonal least squares

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

By allowing multiple L indices to be chosen per iteration, multiple orthogonal least squares (MOLS) have been proposed that is an extension of the classical greedy algorithm OLS. Wang and Li 2017 demonstrated that MOLS can successfully reconstruct K ‐sparse signals from compressed measurements in at most K iterations if the sensing matrix has unit ‐norm columns satisfying the restricted isometry property (RIP) of order LK with . In this study, by increasing the RIP order just by one (i.e. from LK ), the authors refine the bound further to . In the noisy case, they also propose a stopping criterion of MOLS algorithm, and with this criterion MOLS algorithm can recover the support of sparse signal successfully.
Role and mechanism of host cellular DNA repair proteins in hepatitis B virus cccDNA biosynthesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection relies on the establishment and maintenance of covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA, a 3.2-kb episome that serves as a viral transcription template, in the nucleus of an infected hepatocyte. Although evidence suggests that cccDNA is converted from its precursor molecule, relaxed circular (rc) DNA, by exploitation of host cellular DNA repair machineries, the host DNA polymerases involved in repairing the discontinuity in both strands of rcDNA remain to be fully understood. Taking a chemical genetics approach, DNA polymerase alpha (Pol [alpha]) was identified as a novel host factor essential for cccDNA biosynthesis from progeny rcDNA. Specifically, inhibition of Pol [alpha] by the small molecule inhibitors aphidicolin or CD437, as well as silencing of Pol [alpha] expression by small interfering (si)RNA, led to suppression of cccDNA formation in human hepatoma cells. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 knock-in of a CD437-resistant mutation into Pol [alpha] genes completely abolished the effect of CD437 on cccDNA formation, indicating that CD437 directly targets Pol [alpha] to disrupt cccDNA biosynthesis. Mechanistically, Pol [alpha] is recruited to HBV rcDNA and involved in the repair of the rcDNA minus-strand nick during cccDNA synthesis. Our study also identified a small molecule compound that enhances the conversion of rcDNA into cccDNA. The enhanced synthesis of cccDNA molecules requires the induction of cellular responses to assemble more productive DNA repair complexes onto rcDNA. Further investigation of the mechanism and molecular regulation of cccDNA biosynthesis should reveal molecular targets for developing therapeutic agents to eradicate cccDNA and cure chronic hepatitis B.
Spatial prevalence and its contextual determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding in cases of C-section deliveries in India: a study based on National Family Health Survey-4, 2015-2016

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Delayed early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) between 2 to 23 hours has increased 1.3 times risk of neonatal and it goes up double when it crosses more than 24 hours. Babies who were born through caesarean section (C-section) were less likely to initiate early breastfeeding as compared to normal vaginal delivery.Methods: The present study has utilized 14774 weighted samples of C-section delivered women from National Family Health Survey-4 (NFHS-4) (2015-2016). Spatial analysis software i.e. ArcGIS 10.8 and STATA 14 including logistics regression has been utilized to show the spatial prevalence and contextual determinants of EIBF on C-section birth babies in India.Results: In India, around 31.8% of C-section mothers breastfeed their children within one hour of delivery. The prevalence of EIBF is highest in Goa and lowest in Rajasthan. The central part of India mostly from the empowered action group (EAG) states practices a very low level of EIBF practices whereas, the north-east region represents the highest prevalence for the same. The odds of logistic regression shows that mother’s higher education (OR: 1.38), everyday mass media exposure (OR: 1.66), and initiation of postnatal care (PNC) within one hour (OR: 1.79) help to increase the practices of EIBF. On the other hand, delivery in the private hospital (OR: 0.61).Conclusions: The study shows remarkable geographical variations in EIBF and its correlates in the country. It recommends that the public health programmes need to target the states with less practice of EIBF (i.e. EAG state or central part of India) F among C-section delivery mothers. By increasing the level of mothers’ education status, mass media exposure and early PNC care can improve the EIBF practices among C-section mothers in India.
The formulation of community empowerment model based on dairy cattle business in Plaosan district, Magetan regency

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This study aimed to formulate community empowerment model based on dairy cattle business as an effort to support the development of village milk tourism in Plaosan District, Magetan Regency. A survey method was used in this study along with quantitative descriptive analysis. Furthermore, the location and samples used were selected using a purposive sampling method. Data were then collected using interviews, observation, documentation, and literature study. Primary data were derived from interviews with dairy farmers, while secondary datasets were obtained from related agencies. The data obtained were evaluated using descriptive analysis and needs analysis. The results showed that the formulation of community empowerment model aimed to improve the ability of farmers. This was achieved through counseling and training activities based on dairy cattle business and the existence of support from financial and supporting institutions. These concerted efforts were carried out to support the development of village milk tourism in Plaosan District, Magetan Regency.
Differential complexes and Hodge theory on $\log$-symplectic manifolds

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We study certain complexes of differential forms, including 'reverse de Rham' complexes, on (real or complex) Poisson manifolds, especially holomorphic log-symplectic ones.We relate these to the degeneracy divisor and rank loci of the Poisson bivector.In some good holomorphic cases we compute the local cohomology of these complexes.In the Kählerian case, we deduce a relation between the multiplicity loci of the degeneracy divisor and the Hodge numbers of the manifold.We also show that vanishing of one of these Hodge numbers is related to unobstructed deformations of the normalized degeneracy divisor with its induced Poisson structure.
[Primary viewpoint on development and prospect of prosthodontics in China].

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

时光飞逝,中华口腔医学会口腔修复学专业委员会自成立以来已经走过了十个年头.伴随着全国口腔医学事业的蓬勃发展,口腔修复学专业也经历了一个运用新理念、新技术,全方位向国际先进水平学习的重要发展时期。
An investigation on the operation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and micro-turbine for load-following performances

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Fuel cells are prominently known and researched extensively by scientists and companies globally for its use as alternative form of energy without any further degradation of Mother Nature. In a few years, the quantity of coal and oil would be reaching an all-time low making it absolutely necessary to find for other viable solution for the survival of mankind. Here, fuel cells offer a sanctuary for clean and green energy making it the most sought after technology in today’s time. However, more research and improvements has to be done so that more companies could employ such technologies in their establishments. In this project, the author has established the SIMULINK modelling technique for a 100kW SOFC plant. Activation, ohmic and concentration losses has also been taken into account for the plant to give a more accurate picture of the system. Upon a sudden increase in the power demanded by the consumer, the SOFC plant reaches to it maximum possible fuel utilization permissible and within a few reaches to the steady state value. This shows the operation of the SOFC in real time subjected to load disturbances. In addition, a split-shaft microturbine has been implemented to provide addition power to a plant. Likewise, with a sudden disturbance, the electrical and mechanical power oscillates to a steady state value. Hence, it is able to withstand a sudden disturbance. With the two SIMULINK models established, the author has examined the load following performance of the two systems. SOFC being more efficient is able to take on more power as compared to microturbine. In the future, distribution system can be established with such tie line flow to ensure that power can be attained in a cleaner way. Future works includes combining the microturbine and the SOFC to increase efficiency of the operation for combined heat and power generation.
Towards Context-aware Convolutional Network for Image Restoration

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Image restoration (IR) is a long-standing task to recover a high-quality image from its corrupted observation. Recently, transformer-based algorithms and some attention-based convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have presented promising results on several IR tasks. However, existing convolutional residual building modules for IR encounter limited ability to map inputs into high-dimensional and non-linear feature spaces, and their local receptive fields have difficulty in capturing long-range context information like Transformer. Besides, CNN-based attention modules for IR either face static abundant parameters or have limited receptive fields. To address the first issue, we propose an efficient residual star module (ERSM) that includes context-aware "star operation" (element-wise multiplication) to contextually map features into exceedingly high-dimensional and non-linear feature spaces, which greatly enhances representation learning. To further boost the extraction of contextual information, as for the second issue, we propose a large dynamic integration module (LDIM) which possesses an extremely large receptive field. Thus, LDIM can dynamically and efficiently integrate more contextual information that helps to further significantly improve the reconstruction performance. Integrating ERSM and LDIM into an U-shaped backbone, we propose a context-aware convolutional network (CCNet) with powerful learning ability for contextual high-dimensional mapping and abundant contextual information. Extensive experiments show that our CCNet with low model complexity achieves superior performance compared to other state-of-the-art IR methods on several IR tasks, including image dehazing, image motion deblurring, and image desnowing.
Analysis of some teaching measures suggested to develop a social and societal excellence in higher education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Des experts en pedagogie universitaire proposent pour les institutions d’enseignement superieur une conception de l’excellence qui soit « sociale », c’est-a-dire permettant a tous les etudiants de reveler leurs propres poles d’excellence, et « societale », c’est-a-dire developpant chez eux un engagement a la resolution des problemes lies aux enjeux societaux. Se posent alors les questions de savoir a quels types de dispositifs recourir, quelles en sont leurs caracteristiques essentielles pour justifier leur pertinence et quelles sont les conditions a respecter pour pouvoir pretendre developper une excellence sociale et societale ? Pour repondre a ces questions, cinq types de dispositifs sont presentes et caracterises : des travaux pratiques complexes, certaines formes d’etudes de cas, des dispositifs de simulation, des approches par projets et des dispositifs d’evaluation formatifs. Une synthese plus conceptuelle des conditions a mettre en œuvre cloture cet article. http://dx.doi.org/10.15572/ENCO2015.03
Recycling of iron and steel slag for carbon reduction and low‐environment load application

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The high‐value utilization of blast furnace slag (BFS) and steel slag (SS) as a valuable resource in the field of carbon reduction represents a green revolution, and also is an indispensable path toward breaking through resource and environmental constraints and achieving high‐quality, sustainable development through solid waste utilization in the steel industry. Achieving resource recycling while harnessing the untapped latent energy of resources and exploring their carbon sequestration capabilities has become a crucial avenue for further valorization through waste utilization. BFS and SS discharged from iron‐making or steel‐making furnaces carry a significant amount of latent heat, especially the calcium oxide component in SS, which gives it a unique advantage in the field of comprehensive BFS and SS utilization and carbonation‐based SS utilization. This article discusses the current research status of low‐carbon‐waste‐heat utilization in the production of microcrystalline glass, cementitious materials, functional adsorbents, and other products through front‐end modification of molten BFS and SS. This report also provides an overview of carbon capture by utilizing BFS and SS, offering insights into the research directions for subsequent heat recovery, online quality adjustment, high‐value utilization, and carbon sequestration using BFS and SS in the steel industry.