jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
CD69 is a direct HIF-1α target gene in hypoxia as a mechanism enhancing expression on tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

CD69 is an early activation marker on the surface of T lymphocytes undergoing activation by cognate antigen. We observed intense expression of CD69 on tumor-infiltrating T-lymphocytes that reside in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and hypothesized that CD69 could be, at least partially, under the control of the transcriptional hypoxia response. In line with this, human and mouse CD3-stimulated lymphocytes cultured under hypoxia (1% O2) showed increased expression of CD69 at the protein and mRNA level. Consistent with these findings, mouse T lymphocytes that had recently undergone hypoxia in vivo, as denoted by pimonidazole staining, were more frequently CD69+ in the tumor and bone marrow hypoxic tissue compartments. We found evidence for HIF-1α involvement both when using T-lymphocytes from inducible HIF-1α-/- mice and when observing tumor-infiltrating T-lymphocytes in mice whose T cells are HIF-1α-/-. Direct pro-transcriptional activity of HIF-1α on a newly identified hypoxia response element (HRE) found in the human CD69 locus was demonstrated by ChIP experiments. These results uncover a connection between the HIF-1α oxygen-sensing pathway and CD69 immunobiology.
Advances in the Physico-Chemical, Antimicrobial and Angiogenic Properties of Graphene-Oxide/Cellulose Nanocomposites for Wound Healing

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Graphene oxide (GO) and its reduced form (rGO) have recently attracted a fascinating interest due to their physico-chemical properties, which have opened up new and interesting opportunities in a wide range of biomedical applications, such as wound healing. It is worth noting that GO and rGO may offer a convenient access to its ready dispersion within various polymeric matrices (such as cellulose and its derivative forms), owing to their large surface area, based on a carbon skeleton with many functional groups (i.e., hydroxyl, carboxyl, epoxy bridge, and carbonyl moieties). This results in new synergic properties due to the presence of both components (GO or rGO and polymers), acting at different length-scales. Furthermore, they have shown efficient antimicrobial and angiogenic properties, mostly related to the intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are advantageous in wound care management. For this reason, GO or rGO integration in cellulose-based matrixes have allowed for designing highly advanced multifunctional hybrid nanocomposites with tailored properties. The current review aims to discuss a potential relationship between structural and physico-chemical properties (i.e., size, edge density, surface chemistry, hydrophilicity) of the nanocomposites with antimicrobials and angiogenic mechanisms that synergically influence the wound healing phenomenon, by paying particular attention to recent findings of GO or rGO/cellulose nanocomposites. Accordingly, after providing a general overview of cellulose and its derivatives, the production methods used for GO and rGO synthesis, the mechanisms that guide antimicrobial and angiogenic processes of tissue repair, as well as the most recent and remarkable outcomes on GO/cellulose scaffolds in wound healing applications, will be presented.
Development of an Adolescent Inpatient Sexual Abuse Group: Application of Lewin's Model of Change

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The development and implementation of an adolescent sexual abuse group on an inpatient psychiatric unit is described. Steps of Kurt Lewin's model of change are used as a framework for this planned change. Specific issues concerning group procedure and process are detailed. Recommendations for this group and broader use of the Lewin model are included.
Shadows of laser spots in CCD and their mechanism

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The transient distortion of a CCD under laser irradiation is explored.A HS-41-02K30 camera with a linear CCD image sensor is irradiated by a 532 nm CW laser,and the experiment shows that a laser spot and three dark spots with the similar size and shape appear in the direction of photosensitive array with an equal space synchronously.These dark spots are a transient distortion phenomenon of the CCD camera under laser irradiation,and are named the shadows of laser spot in this article.The regularity and generation mechanism of the shadow phenomenon are analyzed.It suggests that the inner mechanism of generating shadows is the interaction between four parallel readout circuits of CCD which share the same bias.The expression describing the interaction is deduced,which indicates that reducing the resistance between the bias source and the common node of four readout circuits can weaken the shadow phenomenon,and using four voltage sources to provide bias for four readout circuits respectively can eliminate the shadow phenomenon.Obtained results point out that the expression deduced by this paper not only can explain the shadow phenomenon but also can provide references for the design of CCD in weakening and eliminating the shadow phenomenon.
Achievable Accuracy and Repeatability in On-Site Machining

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

On-site machining requirements are significantly different from machining in a factory or other semi-controlled environments. Depending on size, geometry, weight and simple practicality, it is not always possible to disassemble a defective part or component and to bring it into a factory for refurbishing or repair. Machining components of a wind tower at an altitude of close to 100 meters must happen on-site, while being exposed to the elements such as sleet and ice, rain or sand storms, or cloudless skies near the equator. Maintaining machining accuracy and repeatability in such conditions is then challenging. Design considerations for a machine to improve machining accuracy and repeatability for surface finishing of objects on-site are presented and comparisons to previously achievable accuracies and repeatabilities are drawn.
Production, Cost, and Soil Compaction Estimates for Two Western Juniper Extraction Systems

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Harvesting trials were performed during the winter and spring of 2003–2004 in central Oregon to compare the costs, production rates, and soil compaction impacts of two systems for harvesting western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis). The two systems compared were a conventional system consisting of manual felling, delimbing, and bucking using a chainsaw and skidding logs with a rubber-tired grapple skidder and a mechanical system that used a feller-buncher, a rubber-tired grapple skidder to skid whole trees, and a stroke-boom delimber. Stump to deck harvesting costs ranged from $32.15 to $49.48/ton for the conventional system and from $60.07 to $63.11/ton for the mechanical system. A limited trial was conducted with the mechanical system that merchandized fence posts as well as sawlogs. When fence posts were produced also, stump to deck costs were reduced to $31.56/ton. Soil compaction was measured pre- and postharvest using a soil penetrometer. Paired t-tests showed a statistically significant difference between harvested sites and nonharvested sites at depths of 2 and 4 in. (P = 0.032 and 0.001, respectively) but no difference between harvest systems. West. J. Appl. For. 21(4):185–194.
[Differential diagnosis of renal colic].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Potential of modern examinations in differential diagnosis of renal colic and other emergency states is considered. Renal ultrasonography permits in the majority of cases to make diagnosis based on dilatation of caliceal-pelvic system, sometimes with detection of obstruction cause. It is necessary to differentiate parapelvical cysts from dilatation of caliceal-pelvic system, therefore pharmacultrasonic examination of the kidneys with lasix is recommended. Color dopplerography of the urinary bladder with detection of urine ejection from ureters ostia is analogue of conventional invasive diagnostic method--chromocystoscopy. Magnetic-resonance urography is updated non-invasive, non-contrast and non-radiation method of diagnosis of urinary tract dilatation.
A Spinoza Primer

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This Introductory chapter considers Spinoza’s work to be a significant contribution to a credible Christian theology and Christian philosophy based on understanding God’s immanence in the human mind or spirit according to the certain and determinate specifications of the mind or spirit of Christ. Spinoza claims that God, as God is, cannot be directly discerned adequately within nature or within our person. God is revealed and known through our possession of the idea of God according to the spirit of Christ. We possess this idea of Christ (i.e. Inner Light, Word of God, God’s wisdom, etc.), innately. This idea activates itself and determines the ideas that form human nature manifesting in the human mind. This idea of God in us has God as its object. Our idea of God in us according to the spirit of Christ, objectively replicates our mind to be like the mind of Christ. In several places, Spinoza connects those things we can know of God as God is, with the immanent presence of the spirit of Christ, saying where those things of God are, there Christ is; where they are not Christ is absent. For Spinoza, the way to God is Christ in us --- he clearly says as much. At the very core of Spinoza’s work are his considerations (theologically speaking), of the indwelling “Christ according to Spirit” or “the Spirit of Christ”, and, his considerations, (philosophically speaking), of the idea of God (according to “Christ after the spirit”), which is the idea of Christ, and of the ideas of the mind of Christ as determined by the idea of Christ. On this foundation, \n \n Spinoza says that we cannot explain or imitate God as God is in itself and that we cannot use God, as God is in itself, as a model for universal ethics. But in several places Spinoza says, we know certain things of God, for example, the idea of God “explained through the nature of the human mind” or “explained by the human Mind’s essence,”. We can know things like “justice”, “loving-kindness”, “mercifulness”, etc. Spinoza demonstrates that can actually replicate or imitate those things in a mind emended to be like the mind of Christ. In addition, we can come to experience and know those things by constructing and using an abstract model mind to guide us in true living. \n \n This Introduction is anchored by numerous significant quotations and references. It sets the stage for the reading of the other chapters, which provide thematically related texts from Spinoza's work, accompanied by extensive commentary on those texts. The format of the other chapters aims to let Spinoza speak for himself first and foremost and keep extrapolations and generalizations in the background.\n
Switching between oscillations and homeostasis in competing negative and positive feedback motifs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We analyze a class of network motifs in which a short, two-node positive feed- back motif is inserted in a three-node negative feedback loop. We demonstrate that such networks can undergo a bifurcation to a state where a stable fixed point and a stable limit cycle coexist. At the bifurcation point the period of the oscillations diverges. Further, intrinsic noise can make the system switch between oscillatory state and the stationary state spontaneously. We find that this switching also occurs in previous models of circadian clocks that use this combination of positive and negative feedback. Our results suggest that real- life circadian systems may need specific regulation to prevent or minimize such switching events.
Investigation of the filling-overflow behavior of corrosion products in reinforced mortar

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The investigation of the filling-overflow behavior of corrosion products in concrete is important for accurately predicting corrosion-induced concrete cover cracking. This paper utilizes the ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) titration method to quantitatively study the iron content in each zone of corroded reinforced mortar specimens. Based on this, the proportion and distribution of corrosion products are analyzed. Results show that approximately 50% of the corrosion products are transported to the mortar and corrosion products show a transport pattern to the surrounding low-concentration area in mortar. The direction of ion invasion on the mortar specimen does not exhibit a significant impact on the transport of corrosion products, while both the geometric size and quality of the mortar specimen affect the transport of corrosion products. Furthermore, the proposed method employs EDTA titration to quantify the filling and overflow of corrosion products, providing a valuable approach for further experimental research.
College Education and the Midcentury GI Bills

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The midcentury GI bills were the largest direct scholarship program for higher education in American history. I use a comparison group created by the sharp cutoff date of the Korean War GI bill to evaluate the effects of the Korean War GI bill on postsecondary educational attainment and access to college by the disadvantaged. I then bound the likely effects of the World War II GI bill based on elasticities estimated for the Korean War GI bill and new estimates using older veterans as a comparison group for younger ones. I find that the combination of the Korean War and WWII GI bills probably increased total postsecondary attainment among all men born between 1921 and 1933 by about 15 to 20 percent, with smaller effects for surrounding cohorts. The impacts of both programs on college attainment were apparently concentrated among veterans from families in the upper half of the distribution of socioeconomic status.
Growth of Bt cotton as influenced by time of fertilizer application and farm yard manure levels under rainfed condition

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Growth of crop may differ with fertilizer application time and farm yard manure levels practices. Hence a field experiment was conducted at Experimental farm, Department of Agronomy, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani (M.S.) during kharif 2021-2022 season to study the response of Bt cotton to time of fertilizer application and farm yard manure levels under rainfed condition. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The present investigation consisted of sixteen treatment combinations. Treatments details consist of time of fertilizer application in main plot and in sub plot four levels of FYM. The treatments were allotted randomly in each replication. Result of study revealed that among different time of fertilizer application (T1) application of basal dose at sowing, splitting of N as per recommendation recorded taller plant height, maximum number of functional leaves plant-1, highest number of monopodial branches plant-1 and highest number of sympodial branches plant-1 which was significantly better than (T3) application of basal dose at 30 DAS, splitting of N as 30% each at 45 DAS and 75 DAS and (T4) application of basal dose at 30 DAS, splitting of N as 30% each at 60 DAS and 75 DAS and found at par to (T2) application basal dose at 15 DAS, splitting of N as per recommendation. Among different levels of FYM application (M2) application of hill placement of 75% FYM at sowing recorded taller plant height, maximum number of functional leaves plant-1, highest number of monopodial branches plant-1 and highest number of sympodial branches plant-1 which was significantly better than (M1) recommended dose of FYM by broadcasting before last harrowing and (M4) control and found at par to (M3) application of hill placement of 50% FYM at sowing.
Rivalry in Price and Location by Differentiated Product Manufacturers

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this article, we estimate a model of strategic rivalry between food manufacturers in product design and pricing. We derive a spatial structural model in which food manufacturers jointly select prices and the optimal attribute composition of their product lines. We find that manufacturers have an incentive to locate yogurt products nearby others in attribute space and that products with the most similar attribute compositions enjoy the widest price‐cost margins. Our findings explain the observation that most consumer package goods tend to be very similar, yet manufacturers appear to earn above‐normal profits.
Modèles de recherche et modèles théoriques en géographie.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract. - In spite of the fact that quantitative revolution is already ancient history to most of those who participated in its innovations, there is still no complete agreement among geographers about the most appropriate form of scientific explanation in geography. Making use of his thesis methodology, the author attempts to make clear the nature and logic of the use of « search » and/or theoretical models in « scientific » geography. Following a criticism of methodology of explanation with special reference to the difficulty which steems from the equivocal nature of terms « explanation » and « models », the author goes on to present the logic stages of mathematical testing an hypothetical spacial structure using a factorial analysis framework.
The Way Out From the Labyrinth of Anticancer Therapies for Patients with Breast Cancer: How Can We Improve Their Cardiac Safety and Quality of Life?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Patients with Breast cancer (BC) often experience a spectrum of adverse, anticancer therapy-related symptoms, which deteriorate their quality of life (QoL). Therefore, effective strategies for BC are needed. Personalized medicine offers many therapeutic options (e.g., targeted therapies) that can be tailored to the individual needs of a given patient. This chapter aims to briefly present typical side effects of current anticancer treatments, which often reduce the QoL of patients with BC and survivors. In particular, it addresses pain (including chemotherapy (CHT)-induced peripheral neuropathy (PN) and lymphedema), depression, cognitive dysfunction, premature menopause, and CHT-induced menopause. It focuses on the adverse effects of the BC therapies, such as chemotherapy (CHT), immunotherapy (IT), and some targeted therapies. In addition, several issues related to cardiovascular toxicity induced by anticancer treatments and cardioprotective measures for women with BC are addressed. This chapter also touches on the recent advances in precision medicine and provides some future directions, aimed at fulfilling unmet needs of patients with BC. The described approaches may be helpful in planning personalized treatment, facilitating the patient’s tolerability of many available anticancer therapies, optimizing the medication selection, and improving the patient’s QoL.
The PKC/NOX/ROS and PYK2/MEK/ERK/PARP signalling pathways drive TRPM2 channel activation induced by non-cytolytic oxidative stress in microglial cells

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The study aimed to investigate the signalling mechanism for TRPM2 channel activation by non-cytolytic oxidative stress in microglia. Microglia from wild-type (WT) and TRPM2-knockout (KO) mice were exposed to 10-30 mM H2O2 for up to 24 hours. Morphological changes characteristic of microglial activation, [Ca2+]c, ROS generation and the effects of inhibiting particular signalling pathways were examined. Exposure of WT microglia to H2O2 for 24 hours caused no cell death but induced salient morphological changes, which was prevented by TRPM2-KO. Exposure of WT microglia to H2O2 to 2 hours failed, and extension to 8 hours was required, to induce an increase in [Ca2+]c, which was abolished by TRPM2-KO. Exposure of microglia to H2O2 for 8 hours induced ROS generation, which was suppressed by inhibition of PKC and NADPH oxidases (NOX). H2O2-induced PARP activation in TRPM2-KO cells was lower than that in WT cells. Furthermore, H2O2-induced activation of PARP and TRPM2 and morphological changes were attenuated by inhibition of PCK and NOX as well as PYK2 and MEK/ERK. Our results support that PKC/NOX-mediated ROS generation and TRPM2-mediated Ca2+-induced activation of the PYK2/MEK/ERK pathway form a positive feedback mechanism to drive TRPM2 channel activation by non-cytolytic oxidative stress.
BOOK REVIEWS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Book reviewed in this article: T he K eynesian R evolution in the M aking 1924–1936. By P eter C larke . I nside the T hink T ank by T essa B lackstone and W illiam P lowden . L ondon 2001. By P eter H all . C o ‐O peration and C onflict : P olitics in the H ung C ounties . By Steve L each and C hris G ame . S elwyn L loyd , By D. R. T horpe . C ountdown to W ar : A P ersonal M emior of E urope 1938–40; B y G eoffrey C ox . M aking S ense of E urope . B y C hristopher T ugendhat . O ptions for B ritish F oreign P olicy in the 1990s. B y C hristopher T ugendhat and W illiam W allace . C ollusion A cross the Jordan: K ing A bdullah, the Z ionist M ovement, and the P artition of P alestine . B y A vi S hlaim . D omestic P olitics and R egional S ecurity : J ordan , S yria and I srael . B y V alerie Y orke . E vangelicalism in M odern B ritain : A H istory from the 1730s to the 1980s. B y D. W. B ebbington . T he P ostmodern P resident : T he W hite H ouse M eets the W orld . B y R ichard R ose .
Il problema dell’identità nel pensiero di Alfred Schütz

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The fundamental issue that motivates reflection of Alfred Schütz on the problem of identity is related to the way in which the subject can simultaneously have experience of himself both as multifaceted subject and as subject that owns a clear and strong awareness of his own existential unity. How can the subject escape the ‘vertigo’ that the transition from one region of sense to another, as well as the bringing into play of several layers of his personality, brings with it? How to live his versatility as a resource, and not as a limit? It is because of working that the subject is able to perceive himself as one and many at the same time. The self appears as a total self to the extent that, thanks the ‘doing’, is able to recompose the multifaceted complexity of its existence, and does so against the backdrop of a social dimension that is experienced as constituting one’s own being.
Deficiencies Of Urban Transportation Studies

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Experience and viewpoints of civil engineers associated with urban transportation studies indicate some unsolved technical problems in current (1965) studies including multiplicity of systems, inability to forecast land use accurately, and data collection and retrieval systems. These problems are caused largely by the rapid development of urban transportation planning technology. Promising research is being conducted on data systems. Comparative evaluation of current (1965) study methods can help to solve other technical problems. Shortages of professional personnel relate to rapid expansion of the number of studies. Less concern for specialized professional experience and better provisions for professional development may help. Organizational problems are the most serious. These include: Poor cooperation between government agencies; inadequate provisions for truly continuous study; failure to plan on a regional basis; and failure to obtain public acceptance and make provision for implementation of plans. Some current (1965) studies represent notable exceptions with respect to some of these deficiencies. Mcre orientation toward practicality of plans and financial provision, and better dissemination of data on current (1965) problems may help provide solutions.