jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
9. The Economic Emergence of China: Strategic Policy Implications for Southeast Asia

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to analyze strategic policy implications arising from possible threats and opportunities in the face of the emergence of China as an economic powerhouse. The focus of the paper is not on the regional approach through mainly regional co-operations but more on policy strategies and responses at the national level. Depending on their degree of national economic development, economic structure and comparative advantage, eight strategic positionings have been identified. Of these eight positionings, direct competition is considered as an unwise move, considering China being endowed with relatively cheap labour resources. Together with its huge domestic market which can serve as a magnet for direct foreign investment, competition in attracting FDI can be a daunting task for most to the Southeast Asian countries. Instead, competition based on niche areas through branding, for instance provides a feasible alternative. The other alternative is to avoid direct competition by upgrading its economy, venturing into those areas where China has no comparative advantage as well as looking inward for sources of growth. Others may adopt 'connecting' strategies such as complementing or supplementing the Chinese economy by meeting China's increasing demand for natural resources or exploiting its huge domestic market. Still others may explore the possibilities of forging strategic alliance with China in the global market or playing the role of a middleman between China the West.
Ichthyofauna of the Reserva Biol&oacute;gica Guaribas and surrounding areas, state of Para&iacute;ba, Brazil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The removal and management of the Atlantic Forest over the past centuries caused the destruction of most of this ecosystem. Among the few remaining areas of Atlantic Forest north of the S&atilde;o Francisco River is the Reserva Biol&oacute;gica&nbsp;(REBIO) Guaribas. This study inventoried the ichthyofauna of the REBIO Guaribas (Mamanguape, Para&iacute;ba) and its&nbsp;surroundings. Two streams were sampled bimonthly (1 within the REBIO and the other adjacent to it) and another 11&nbsp;additional sites were sampled once, resulting in 18 species of fish (7 families and 7 orders). Characiformes was the&nbsp;most representative order, with12 species. This species list is an important tool for impact assessments as well as conservation&nbsp;and management plans, given the current state of knowledge about Brazilian rivers and streams, especially&nbsp;those of the northeastern Atlantic Forest.
Single-shot Bunch-by-Bunch Horizontal Beam Size Measurements using a Gated Camera at CesrTA

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A visible-light beam size monitor has been built and commissioned to measure transverse beam profiles at CESR-TA*. In order to eliminate beam jitter and to study bunch-by-bunch beam dynamics, a fast-gating camera has been utilized to measure single bunch transverse beam profiles. The minimum camera gate width is ~ 3ns which allows us to resolve single bunch beam dynamics along a CesrTA bunch train. Using single bunch interferometry at different bunch currents, we found that the horizontal beam sizes measured by gated camera are consistently less than those measured by a conventional CCD camera, demonstrating the elimination of turn-by-turn beam jitter with single shot capability. By stepping the camera trigger delay, we collected transverse beam profile images from each bunch in a 14ns-spacing 30-bunch train. The horizontal motion of each bunch as well as the horizontal beam size increases dramatically along an electron train but not along positron bunch trains under the same machine condition. The difference in single bunch horizontal dynamics may be a signature for the difference between electron cloud build-up for positron bunch trains versus ions present for electron bunch trains.
The uneasy case for fractional-reserve free banking

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Since a few decades several sub-disciplines within economics have witnessed a reorientation towards institutiona I analysis. This development has in particular also affected the fields of macroeconomics and monetary theory where it has led to several proposals for far-reaching financial and monetary reform. One of the more successful of these proposals advocates a bank, fractional-reserve free banking system, that is, a system with no central bank, but with permission for the banks to operate with a fractional reserve. This article exposes several conceptual flaws in this proposal. In particular severa' claims of the fractional-reserve free bankers with respect to the purported working characteristics of this system are criticized from the perspective of economic theory. Inparticular, the claim that a fractional-reserve free banking system would lead to the disappearance of the business cycle is recognized as false. Furthermore an invisible-hand analysis is performed, reinforcing the conclusion that fractional-reserve free banking is incompatible with the ethical and juridical principies under a free society.
UAE Banks’ Performance and the Oil Price Shock: Evidence across Conventional and Islamic Banks

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract This study attempts to identify whether the oil price fall to a “new normal” in mid-September 2014 has had an impact on banks’ performance in the UAE, such as Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) in addition to credit and deposit growth. The sample is for a sample of 22 national banks in the country over a period of 15 quarters. The oil price fall has had a negative impact on all four banking indicators. In addition, the analysis evaluates the difference in ROA, ROE and credit and deposit growth by bank type, conventional vs. Islamic banks, across the sample of 22 banks. The results indicate that Islamic banks have a higher lending and deposit growth rates, however conventional banks tend to have better indicators of performance. Further, the oil price fall has impacted banks’ performance adversely, and the growth of assets and liabilities as a result of the slowdown in economic activity, fiscal consolidation, and decreasing levels of employment and corporate profitability. Further, Islamic banks, judged by lending and deposit growth, have managed to tailor their products to cater to a growing demand. However growth objectives appear to have reduced the margins of return in Islamic banks, compared to conventional banks.
Permutation Models and SVC

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let M be a model of ZFAC (ZFC modified to allow a set of atoms),\nand let N be an inner model with the same set of atoms and the same pure sets (sets with no atoms in their transitive closure) as M. We show that N is a permutation submodel of M if and only if\nN satisfies the principle SVC (Small Violations of Choice),\na weak form of the axiom of choice which says that in some sense,\nall violations of choice are localized in a set. A special case is considered in which there exists an SVC witness which satisfies a certain homogeneity\ncondition.
Toward a linguistic anthropological approach to listening: An ear with power and the policing of “active listening” volunteers in Japan

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article develops the concept of an ear with power. An ear with power works through listeners who can, by listening, alter people's speech and other actions. It does so in ways that suit the institutions on whose behalf the listener acts. Unlike approaches focused on the effects of listening in interactions, an ear with power is a triadic relation in process, requires listening to listeners, and shows how absent listeners affect social relations. The article traces the implications of a complaint filed against Buddhist “active listening” volunteers in Japan after the 2011 disasters. Despite not using “Buddhist language” while volunteering, they were reported for “religious‐sounding speech,” which led to the temporary hiatus of their volunteer activities. Analyzing the distributed listening that led to that censure, this article demonstrates how linguistic anthropology might reframe critical analyses of power and governance, which have tended to rely on vision and speech. More specifically, it considers the ramifications of acts of listening that precede the speech that they are imagined to follow, the process whereby listeners come to hear themselves through the ear of another, and the ways that policing listening can alienate listening from listeners.
The Excavation of Clydach Ironworks

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

AbstractThe Clydach Ironworks began production around the turn of the nineteenth century, supplying a Forge and Rolling Mill in the same valley with pig iron until the 1870s, when through a lack of funds, the concern passed into the hands of an Abergavenny solicitor. This is a report based on the archaeological work undertaken at the Ironworks from 1986-1988 and represents the author's term as Site Archaeologist. It argues that the blast for Furnaces 1 and 2 was supplied by two waterwheels and that Furnace 3 is in fact the fourth furnace to have been constructed, partially overlying the site of one wheel pit. This pit would have belonged to the 42 foot wheel adjacent to Furnace 2 which is illustrated on an 1813 engraving.
Localization of the key cell division determinant FtsZ in Francisella tularensis.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, is a highly infectious gram-negative bacterium capable of replicating within macrophages, leukocytes, dendritic cells and epithelial cells. In addition, F. tularensis also invades erythrocytes. FtsZ, a homologue of eukaryotic tubulin, is an essential cell division protein in almost all bacteria. Polymerization of FtsZ into a contractile ring is a critical first step in division and the FtsZ ring acts in recruiting the cell wall synthesis machinery to the nascent septum. We have generated a recombinant fusion of ftsZftto emgfp (Emerald Green Fluorescent Protein) which can be expressed, in trans, under its presumed native promotor or a strong Francisella promoter (pGRP). As expected, FtsZft-Emgfp can be seen localizing as rings in F. tularensis. Our aim is to utilize fluorescently tagged FtsZ to investigate replication of F. tularensis in a range of in vitro host cell invasion assays and as a marker for viability to study the morphological and physiological differentiation of F. tularensis as it transitions into a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state. (This research was made possible by NASA West Virginia Space Grant Consortium Training Grant #NNX15A101H and by NIH Grant P20GM103434 to the West Virginia IDeA Network for Biomedical Research Excellence).
A Neural Basis for the Implementation of Deep Learning and Arti cial Intelligence

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

One of the mathematical cornerstones of modern data ana-lytics is machine learning whereby we automatically learn subtle patterns which may be hidden in training data, we associate those patterns with outcomes and we apply these patterns to new and unseen data and make predictions about as yet unseen outcomes. This form of data analytics al-lows us to bring value to the huge volumes of data that is collected from people, from the environment, from commerce, from online activities, from scienti c experiments, from many other sources. The mathematical basis for this form of machine learning has led to tools like Support Vector Machines which have shown moderate e ectiveness and good e ciency in their implementation. Recently, however, these have been usurped by the emergence of deep learning based on convolutional neural networks. In this presentation we will examine the basis for why such deep net-works are remarkably successful and accurate, their similarity to ways in which the human brain is organised, and the challenges of implementing such deep networks on conventional computer architectures.Â Â
Improved wet splitter for micropalaeontological analysis, and assessment of uncertainty using data from splitters

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Analyses of foraminiferal assemblages have often been implemented on dry samples, which are easy to split. In some cases, the wet-picking method is preferred as it allows the preservation of more foraminiferal forms and facilitates the picking of live foraminifera. However, the increased execution time needed for wet picking may cause micropalaeontologists to refrain from employing it in a routine way. Here we present an improved and cost-effective wet splitter (including a 3-D printing file) for micropalaeontological samples aimed to reduce picking time while keeping information loss to a minimum. We demonstrate small sample losses as well as statistical consistency across splits. We show that the time saved picking a subset will always be larger than the relative increase in statistical uncertainty.
Mass Spectrometry Study of the Thermodynamic Properties of Spinel Solid Solutions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The partial pressure values of vapor species over spinel solid solutions and the boundary of the solid spinel solutions in the MgAl2O4 (solid solution) + Al2O3 region are determined on the basis of the data obtained by Knudsen effusion mass spectrometric method in the temperature range 2000–2200 K. The obtained thermodynamic information is compared to the information available in the literature. The values of oxide activities, Gibbs energies, enthalpies and entropies of formation of solid solutions show a slightly negative deviations from ideality.
Mood-dependent changes in cognitive control

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The symptomatology of depression includes affective and cognitive features. As such, \ndepression has been associated both with maladaptive concern over emotional material, and \nalso with general impairments in attentional control. In the current thesis, I investigated the \npotential influence of such depression-related dysfunctional emotional processing on a range \nof cognitive control abilities, using experimental paradigms containing either neutral or \naffective stimuli. In contrast to the hypothesis that depressive symptoms are associated with \ngenerally compromised cognitive control, depression-related impairments were not found on \na range of ‘classic' measures of cognitive control, including error-processing (pre-error \nspeeding, posterror slowing and error-related ERPs), overriding response conflict (colour-word Stroop interference, conflict adaptation) or more sustained control processes (cued-RT \nperformance, preparatory ERPs, and maintaining long-term speed-accuracy tradeoffs). \nInterestingly, however, differences between groups with low and elevated levels of depressive \nsymptoms emerged during the performance of emotionally valenced tasks. First, an elevated \ndepressive symptom group showed a reduced ability to resolve emotional conflict arising \nbetween competing affective representations. When compared with spared performance on \nthe classic Stroop task, this result suggests that depressive symptoms are associated with a \nspecific impairment in the ability to regulate emotional distraction. Secondly, an ERP related \nto advanced preparation in cued-RT tasks (the CNV), but not those associated with early \nperceptual processing (P1, N170), was selectively modulated by negative, but not positive, \ntask-irrelevant emotional distractors presented during the cue-target interval. This pattern of \nERP results supports a late processing locus of affective attentional bias in depression. \nTogether, the current results propose that control processes which facilitate the regulation of \nemotional material (i.e. over emotional sources of distraction) might be selectively affected \nby increased depressive symptoms, suggesting that future work should consider affective \nvariables when investigating executive control processes in depression.
Examination of Hole-to-Hole Streakiness on the PGA Tour

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A study investigated streakiness among professional golfers. Hole-to-hole scores within 747 tournaments from a randomly chosen group of 35 players on the 1997 PGA Tour were analyzed. Contingency analyses gave no evidence for streakiness. Players were just as likely to score par or better following an above par hole as to make a par or better following a par or better hole. These results are consistent with those found for individual players in baseball and basketball.
Evaluation of Thermal Comfort Performance of a Vertical Garden on a Glazed Façade and Its Effect on Building and Urban Scale, Case Study: An Office Building in Barcelona

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this paper is to investigate the thermal performance of vertical gardens by comparing the thermal comfort of bare (glazed) and green façades in the Mediterranean climate. The proposal consists of applying a vegetation layer on a glazed façade that could control solar radiation and reduce indoor air temperatures. This study investigates the thermal performance of green façades of an office building in the Mediterranean climate. For this purpose, the Gas Natural Fenosa Office Building as a case study was simulated, that is located on a site next to the coastline in Barcelona. Dynamic building energy simulation was used to determine and assess indoor thermal conditions and, for this reason, the IES VE as a simulation tool has been utilized. Thermal comfort was assessed through the adaptive comfort approach and results were analyzed and presented in the terms of indoor comfort conditions during occupied hours. As a result, the article shows that applying a green façade as a vegetation layer caused a reduction in the internal and external façade surface temperatures, as well as the indoor air temperature of the workplace. Additionally, enhancing indoor comfort in summer is closely associated with reducing the external surface temperature. In winter, it also protects the exterior surface from the low temperature of the outside, and all of this greatly increases thermal comfort performance.
Cognitive load assessment based on VR eye-tracking and biosensors

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In this paper I present the status of my doctoral research project, a general overview of the research topic and future developments. The main research focus will be to study and develop an extended reality solution for cognitive load assessment in adaptive virtual environments, based on eye tracking and bio-signals. The main objective is to respond to the need for healthcare and training becoming more personalized and location- and time-independent. The end goal is to establish a framework that serves as a quantitative basis for adaptive rehabilitation and training by pushing cognitive load assessment towards ubiquitous computing through immersive technologies.
Prevalence of Life Stressors and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Women in Iceland

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Importance Comprehensive data on the prevalence of various life stressors and their role in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among women are lacking. Objective To determine the prevalence of a broad range of life stressors and their association with PTSD in a large nationally representative cohort of women. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional analysis used data from the population-based Stress-And-Gene-Analysis, which invited women in Iceland to complete an online survey from March 1, 2018, to July 1, 2019. Participants were a nationally representative sample of women 18 to 69 years of age. This analysis was conducted from January 21, 2022, to September 13, 2024. Exposures History of 23 life stressors assessed with the Life Events Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) ( DSM-5) and additional survey questions. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was probable PTSD during the past month assessed for the worst life stressor experienced as evaluated with the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 . Modified Poisson log-linear models were used to assess prevalence ratios (PRs) of PTSD by type of life stressor, adjusting for multiple covariates, including number of life stressors and time since the worst life stressor. Results Overall, 28 199 women participated in the study (mean [SD] age, 43.8 [13.7] years). The prevalence of life stressors varied substantially, ranging from 3.3% for war or armed conflict–related events to 66.4% for unwanted sexual experiences. The overall prevalence of probable PTSD was 15.9% and varied substantially across life stressor types. The highest prevalence of probable PTSD was for sexual assault (1427 of 3872 [36.9%]) and lowest for natural disasters (15 of 456 [3.3%]). Interpersonal trauma, specifically sexual assault (adjusted PR [APR], 6.66 [95% CI, 4.01-11.04]), other unwanted sexual experience (APR, 4.33 [95% CI, 2.53-7.42]), and physical assault (APR, 4.44 [95% CI, 2.63-7.49]) were associated with the highest prevalence increase of probable PTSD compared with natural disasters as the reference category. Conclusions and Relevance This cross-sectional study of 28 199 women in Iceland, which ranks highest globally in gender equality, found that sexual and physical assaults were among the most common life stressors reported and were associated with the highest prevalence of probable PTSD. The propensity of such trauma to result in PTSD calls for widespread societal efforts to prevent sexual and physical violence and reduce gender-based disparities in mental health.
Phosphate in the Context of Cognitive Impairment and Other Neurological Disorders Occurrence in Chronic Kidney Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The nervous system and the kidneys are linked under physiological states to maintain normal body homeostasis. In chronic kidney disease (CKD), damaged kidneys can impair the central nervous system, including cerebrovascular disease and cognitive impairment (CI). Recently, kidney disease has been proposed as a new modifiable risk factor for dementia. It is reported that uremic toxins may have direct neurotoxic (astrocyte activation and neuronal death) and/or indirect action through vascular effects (cerebral endothelial dysfunction, calcification, and inflammation). This review summarizes the evidence from research investigating the pathophysiological effects of phosphate toxicity in the nervous system, raising the question of whether the control of hyperphosphatemia in CKD would lower patients’ risk of developing cognitive impairment and dementia.
Is There No Distinction between Reason and Emotion in Mengzi?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The aim of this essay is to investigate what role emotions play in moral judgment in Mengzi’s ethical thought. What is meant by ‘moral judgment’ here is basically a judgment of what is morally right and wrong in a broad sense, and this essay specifically tries to answer the question of whether ethical emotions like compassion, respect, and shame would constitute the sole source of moral judgment in Mengzi’s thought. The formulation of my leading question this way both is informed by and responds to the recent trend in Mengzi scholarship that emphasizes the positive roles emotions play in one’s ethical life. This essay critically examines David Wong’s thesis that there is no distinction between reason and emotion in Mengzi, and it alternatively argues that moral emotions in Mengzi provide an important but only partial basis for all-things-considered ethical judgment.