jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The impact of cereal non-starch polysaccharides on intestinal development and function in broiler chickens

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

AbstractThe review presents information on non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs), the major antinutritive factors found in cereals and a variety of other feed ingredients. The unique characteristics of these compounds and their effects on the utilisation of other dietary components are highlighted. The effects of NSP on the gross weight of the gastrointestinal tract, mucosal structure and function are examined and some reference is made to other species on which more research has been conducted. More research is required into the effects of NSPs on the integrity of the intestinal mucosa in poultry. Such information may assist in the development of breeding and management strategies to reduce the effects of NSPs.Keywords: Broiler chickensnon-starch polysaccharidesgastrointestinal tractintestinal mucosaviscosity
Multi-axial Constitutive Equations of Polycrystalline Shape Memory Alloy. 2nd Report, Experimental Evidence.

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The inelastic behavior of shape memory alloy under multi-axial loading conditions were investigated by applying the combined loads of axial force and torque to the thin-walled tube specimen made of Cu-based shape memory alloy. In this paper, some quite unique behavior obtained by the experiments are shown and discussed, which can not be observed in the uniaxial experiments, including the path dependency created by the change of microstructure(especially several number of variants operate simultaneously). The results obtained here manifest the significance of the constitutive equation formulated on the basis of the semi-microscopic approach in the 1st report.
Distance running in Kenya: athletics labour migration and its consequences

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Kenya has established herself as a source of international distance running talent. However, due to the economic inequality and other factors, global migration of athletes is on the increase. One notable example is that of athletes born in Kenya, who have moved abroad to represent other countries. Initially, the trend was to move to the USA, Europe or Japan, but of late the Middle East countries of Qatar and Bahrain have become popular destinations. The purpose of this article is to delve into the Kenyan distance running phenomenon, the migration of athletes and the consequences on some selected athletes using sport labour migration and the typologies of migrant athletes developed by Maguire (1999 Maguire, J. 1999. Global sport: Individuals, societies, civilizations, Cambridge: Polity Press. [Google Scholar], Global sport: Individuals, societies, civilizations. Cambridge: Polity Press) and Magee and Sugden (2002 Magee, J. and Sugden, J. 2002. The world at their feet: Professional football and international labor migration. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 26(4): 421–437. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar], The world at their feet: Professional football and international labor migration. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 26(4), 421–437) as the conceptual framework. This movement of athletic talent also poses major social and political challenges to the migrant athletes. Some of the athletes who moved to the Middle East from Kenya have had negative experiences forcing them to re-claim their Kenyan citizenship. This issue of athlete labour migration and related consequences, therefore, deserves some scholarly attention.
Uji Efek Ekstrak Etanol Campuran Rimpang Temulawak (Curcuma xanthoriza Roxb), Daun Jati Belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk) dan Daun Kemuning (Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack) terhadap Tikus Hiperkolesterol

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Pada penelitian ini dilakukan uji ekstrak etanol campuran rimpang \ntemulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb), daun jati belanda (Guazuma ulmtfolia \nLamk) dan daun kemuning (Murraya paniculata(L.] Jack) terhadap kadar \nkolesterol total, HDL dan LDL kolesterol pada tikus hiperkolestcrolemia akibat \ninduksi minyak babi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efek ekstrak etanol \ncampuran rimpang temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb ), daun jati \nbelanda (Guazuma ulmifillia Lamk) dan daun kemuning (Murraya paniculata \n[L.] Jack) dalam menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah. Penelitian m1 \nmenggunakan 30 ekor tikus putih jantan hiperkolesterolemia oleh induksi \nminyak babi 10 ml/kg BB I hari per oral selama 15 hari. Tikus putih jantan \ndikelompokkan menjadi 3 kelompok. Kelompok kontrol diberi air suling 10 \nml/kg BB/hari per oral selama 15 hari, kelompok pembanding diberi \nsuspensi gemfibrozil 0,27% 10 ml/kg BB/hari per oral selama 15 hari dan \nkelompok uji diberi ekstrak etanol campuran rimpang temulawak (Curcuma \nxantorrhiza Roxb ), daun jati belanpa ( ( guazuma ulmifolia Lamk) dan daun \nkemuning ( Murraya pamculata [L.] Jack) 0, 19g /kg BB/hari per oral selama \nI 5 hari.Hasil yang dipcrolch menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol campuran \nrimpang temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrixa Roxb ), daun jati be Ianda \n(Guazzuma ulmifolia Lamk) dan daun kemuning (Murraya pamculata [L.] \nJack) mampu menurunkan kadar kolestcrol darah tikus putih jantan hipercolesterolemia. \n
ABC Transporters: From Targets to Antitargets and Back

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This chapter highlights the different aspects of the role of adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transporter in medicinal chemistry, from target to antitarget, and back. With the considerable progress that has been made in unraveling the physiological function of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and other ABC transporters, their multiple involvements in physiological and pathophysiological processes such as drug resistance, steroid transport, bile acid transport, and brain uptake became evident. The numerous diseases that have been linked to ABC transporter mutations, such as Tangier disease, progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3, cystic fibrosis, and gout. In some of these cases, misfolding and premature degradation caused by missense mutations seems to be the main reason for the functional deficiencies. In this case, pharmacochaperones, that is, small molecules acting as folding correctors, are actively pursued in drug discovery projects.
Expression and Functions of Formyl Peptide Receptor 1 in Drug-Resistant Bladder Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To explore the correlation of formyl peptide receptor 1 expression with drug resistance and the functions of formyl peptide receptor 1 in drug-resistant bladder cancer. Methods: Expression of formyl peptide receptor 1 in T24 and T24/DDP cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer cell lines was tested by quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction and Western blotting. After incubation of T24/DDP with N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe, the phosphor proteins were tested by Western blot analysis. We characterized the functions of formyl peptide receptor 1 in T24/DDP cells by assessing proliferation, migration, and changes of cell cycles. Results: Formyl peptide receptor 1 was expressed in both T24 and T24/DDP, and it was overexpressed in T24/DDP compared with T24. Formyl peptide receptor 1 activation promoted the expression of the messenger RNA of resistance-related proteins, such as multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) and lung resistance-related protein (LRP). The expression of 4 signal pathway proteins were upregulated: signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, Janus kinase 2, extracellular regulated protein kinases, and protein kinase B, while the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase was observed to be downregulated in drug-resistant bladder cancer cells. Formyl peptide receptor 1 activation also improved the expression of phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and phospho-extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 and promoted the proliferation and migration of T24/DDP cells. In addition, formyl peptide receptor 1 inhibition led to the change in the cell cycle in T24/DDP. Conclusions: The overexpression of formyl peptide receptor 1 may be related to drug-resistant bladder cancer and promotes the deterioration of drug-resistant bladder cancer.
A Fast and Robust Approach to Liver Nodule Detection in MR Images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a novel and fast method to detect liver nodules automatically based on the original image, which avoids problems raised by liver segmentation was proposed. Algorithms were applied to determine the candidate regions which may contain nodules and the gray value of a nodule is typically considered to be a local extremum, but not necessarily a maximum, as it differs in signal from the surrounding parenchyma. Fuzzy C-means(FCM), which is an optimization algorithm to classify the image into C clusters based on the distance of the pixels to the cluster center in the feature domain, was used to segment the image. This is followed by a morphological smoothing, identification and analysis of candidate regions by computing properties which include area, centroid location, shape in a two-dimensional slice and connectivity in three dimensional space. Candidate regions whose properties are similar to that of nodules are extracted as the final result.
Space Technology 5 Launch and Operations

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The three spacecraft that made up the Space Technology 5 (ST5) mission were successfully launched and deployed from their Pegasus launch vehicle on March 22, 2006. Final contact with the spacecraft occurred on June 30, 2006, with all Level 1 requirements met. By the end of the mission, all ST5 technologies had been validated, all on-board attitude control system (ACS) modes had been successfully demonstrated, and the desired constellation configurations had been achieved to demonstrate the ability of small spacecraft to take quality science measurements, However, during those 100 days (ST5 was planned to be a 90-day mission), there were a number of anomalies that made achieving the mission goals very challenging. This paper will discuss: the chronology of the ST5 launch and early operations, work performed to diagnose and work-around a sun sensor anomaly, spacecraft tests devised to demonstrate correct operation of all onboard ACS modes, the maneuver plan performed to achieve the desired constellation, investigations performed by members of the ST5 GN&C and Science teams of an anomalous spin down condition, and the end-of-life orbit and passivating operations performed on the three spacecraft.
Food Insecurity and Preeclampsia: A Case-Control Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Household food insecurity is defined as the limited or uncertain access to adequate and safe food or limited ability to obtain food in a socially acceptable manner. Preeclampsia is a severe case of high-risk pregnancy, which endangers the health of women across the world, especially in developing countries. The current study aimed to use the nutritional deficiencies theory in pathogenesis of preeclampsia and determine the correlation between food insecurity and preeclampsia. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 100 women with preeclampsia and 200 normal pregnant women with the gestational age of 20 weeks. Participants were selected via purposive sampling according to the eligibility criteria. Data were collected using the USDA questionnaire for food insecurity, socioeconomic data, and demographic data through interviews. Results: The findings indicated that the frequency of food insecurity was significantly higher in the preeclampsia women than the healthy women (71% vs. 21%; P < 0.001). Logistic regression indicated that the risk of preeclampsia was six times higher among pregnant women in the unsafe food status group than those in safe food status group [odds = 6.4; 95%CI: 3.3-12.4; P < 0.001]. Among the studied variables, socioeconomic status, history of stillbirth, history of preterm delivery, and ethnicity were significantly associated with preeclampsia during pregnancy (P < 0.05). In addition, women with low socioeconomic status were twice at the higher risk of preeclampsia compared to those with favorable socioeconomic status [odds = 2.7; 95%CI: 1.1-6.2; P = 0.01]. Conclusion: The current study indicated that the prevalence of food insecurity was high in Iranian women with preeclampsia, especially those with a history of preterm labor, history of stillbirth, low socioeconomic status, or non-Persian.
Use of Chilean Conservative Fixative Solution in Veterinary Anatomical Parts

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The conservation of anatomical pieces goes back five thousand years, beyond ancient Egypt for political and religious purposes. In the 12th century, with the appearance of the University, new techniques were implemented as the corpse became a necessary tool for teaching. During the last two centuries, since the year of its discovery in 1867, formaldehyde has been used as the main source for conservation. However, several years ago, anatomy laboratories around the world have resorted to new techniques and mixtures in order to reduce its use and its reported negative effects on health, such as cancer. This work shows the obtaining of anatomical pieces, by means of the Chilean Conservative Fixative Solution (SFCCh), its process, analysis and experience are described in the following pages.
Exact tracking performances analysis of land mobile satellite channel

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The exact analysis of the tracking performances of adaptive filters are provided in a real context of mobile satellite communication systems. In such a context, the time-variations of the channel's "impulse response" are modeled by a discrete time finite states Markov chain. More over, the transmitted data belongs to a finite alphabet. In fact, the paper tackles the exact analysis of the tracking capabilities of the least mean square (LMS) algorithm in the above stated setup. The different performance measures are carried for a large step size and, most importantly, for correlated inputs. Thus, the exact analysis is done without using any constraints or unrealistic hypothesis. These results are expected to aid in the analysis and design of mobile communication systems.
One-step synthesis of mesoporous platinum/titania nanocomposites as photocatalyst with enhanced photocatalytic activity for methanol oxidation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Mesostructured Pt/TiO2 nanocomposites have been synthesized at different Pt (0–2 wt%) and anatase/rutile ratios through simple one-step sol–gel reactions. The as-made mesostructured hybrids were subjected to H2 gas for 2 h at 450 °C to obtain ordered hexagonal mesoporous Pt/TiO2 nanocomposites with highly crystalline TiO2. Subsequently, the samples were calcined at 350 °C in air for 4 h to remove the surfactant. XRD data clearly show that biphasial anatase and rutile mixtures are formed by the addition of the Pt islands. The TEM results indicated that TiO2 and Pt, are partly in close contact; the lattice fringes exhibit the typical distances, i.e., Pt (111) (2.2 Å) and TiO2 (101) (3.54 Å). TiO2 nanoparticles with an average diameter of about 10 nm particles are not agglomerated and quite uniform in size and shape. Also, Pt nanoparticles are well dispersed and exhibit diameters of about 5–12 nm based on the Pt content. Our photocatalysts have been compared with colloidal 0.5 wt% Pt loaded onto commercial photocatalysts either UV-100 Hombikat or Aeroxide TiO2 P25 by the determination of the initial rate of HCHO formation generated by the photooxidation of CH3OH in aqueous suspensions to calculate the corresponding photonic efficiencies. The overall photocatalytic activities of 0.5 wt% Pt/TiO2 nanocomposites are significantly 3-times higher than that of colloidal 0.5 wt% Pt loaded onto commercial photocatalysts either UV-100 Hombikat or Aeroxide TiO2 P25. To the best of our knowledge, the measured photonic efficiency ξ = 15.5% of hexagonal mesostructured Pt/TiO2 nanocomposites is found to be among the highest ξ values reported up to now. The superiority of Pt/TiO2 is attributed to the bicrystalline (anatase/rutile) framework, large surface area, high crystallinity and mesoporous structure of Pt/TiO2 nanocomposites.
New Evidence on the Nature of the Active Sites in Heterogeneous Ziegler−Natta Catalysts for Propene Polymerization

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNew Evidence on the Nature of the Active Sites in Heterogeneous Ziegler−Natta Catalysts for Propene PolymerizationVincenzo Busico, Roberta Cipullo, Giovanni Talarico, Anna Laura Segre, and John C. ChadwickView Author Information Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone 4, 80134 Napoli, Italy Istituto di Strutturistica Chimica and NMR Service, CNR Research Area, C.P. 10 Monterotondo Stazione, 00015 Rome, Italy Montell Polyolefins, "G. Natta" Research Centre, 44100 Ferrara, Italy Cite this: Macromolecules 1997, 30, 16, 4786–4790Publication Date (Web):August 11, 1997Publication History Received4 April 1997Revised20 June 1997Published online11 August 1997Published inissue 1 August 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma9704673https://doi.org/10.1021/ma9704673rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views578Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alkyls,Catalysts,Monomers,Polymers,Thermoresponsive polymers Get e-Alerts
Vocalizations, vocal behaviour, and geographic variation in the calls, duets, and duetting behaviour of a nonpasserine, the Barred Owl (Strix varia)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This thesis provides the first quantitative analysis of Barred Owl (Strix varia) vocalizations and their function. Male and female Barred Owls produce thirteen distinct vocalizations, often combining their calls to perform duets. Female and male calls exhibit distinguishable vocal characteristics useful for sex discrimination. Owls have different diel patterns for different call types and they incorporate specific call types into duets. An experimental playback of neighbour versus stranger owl's duets indicate that Barred Owls used duets to confront territory intruders, but do not discriminate between duets of neighbours versus strangers. Recordings made with a 3.5km transect of automated recording devices demonstrate that nearby owls within the population do not vocalize differently during playback versus silent pre-playback periods. A comparison of Barred Owl calls, duets, and duet behaviour throughout the southeastern United States reveals much variation, but this variation does not follow a consistent geographic pattern.
Regional Differences in the Perception of Daylit Scenes across Europe Using Virtual Reality. Part II: Effects of Façade and Daylight Pattern Geometry

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

While there is a growing use of complex façade designs in contemporary architecture worldwide and across Europe, little is known about the perceptual effects of these façades and the resulting daylight patterns on occupants, or about how such effects might differ between European latitudes. This study examines the perception of façade and daylight patterns across Europe by replicating a virtual reality (VR) experiment in Norway, Switzerland and Greece, using a mixed experimental design to jointly investigate the influence of different factors on the perception of a daylit interior space. These factors included: façade geometry (within-subject factor with four contemporary façade designs of equal aperture ratio), sky type (clear sky with high or low sun angle, or overcast sky), spatial context (socializing or working), and country (Norway, Switzerland, or Greece). Results showed that, among the manipulated factors, only the façade geometry affected the studied attributes (how pleasant, interesting, exciting, calming, complex, spacious, and bright the space was perceived, and the satisfaction with the amount of view in the space). Regional effects were observed only for reported brightness, with higher evaluations from participants in Greece than in Norway, but are difficult to generalize due to limitations stemming from the use of VR and the conduction of experiments in different seasons (summer and early fall) in the two countries. These findings show that façade design is a crucial feature in our spatial experience, inducing equivalent perceptual effects, such as changes in pleasantness or interest, across Europe, and motivate further research on the perception of brightness.
A numerical study of time-mean northern summer monsoon with steady and fluctuating heating

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In a study of the planetary-scale vorticity budget of the northern summer monsoon, Holton and Colton (1973) found that a strong vorticity sink is needed to balance the generation by horizontal divergence at 200 mb. In this work we use numerical experiments to examine the hypothesis that the fluctuation of the divergence forcing as observed by several studies serves as this sink. A 3-1evel numerical model is used with the thermal forcing specified by the horizontal divergence distribution observed by Krishnamurti (1971). Two experiments are carried out, one with heating steady in time and the other fluctuating in time with a period of 10 days. The time-mean fields of the quasi-steady state solution in both experiments show a significant westward phase shirt of the Tibetan high, thus the fluctuation of heating cannot be a sufficient sink. On the other hand, the positions of the simulated tropical upper tropospheric troughs agree quite well with those observed. This suggests that damping due to cumulus transport is more likely to account for the vorticity sink. Transient wave activities are also found at the upper level in both experiments. They appear to be drawing energy from the planetary-scale flow and could serve as a vorticity sink. These waves are most active in the fluctuating heating case, suggesting that local barotropic instability at upper levels may be more important than that implied by the time-meanwind.
Synchronization between a new chaotic system and R&#x00F6;ssler system by a high gain observer

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This work presents synchronization between two different chaotic systems by a high gain observer. We have studied the synchronization problem between Rössler system and a new chaotic system recently developed in the literature. A theoretical frame is provided in order to show the convergence characteristics of the proposed observer under some satisfied assumptions. The observer performances are verified by numerical simulations.