jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Unpacking Racial Relevance in Emergency Calls

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

<p><strong>Psychological research has extensively explored the consequences of racial categorisation, contributing to the emergence of race-related issues. However, research has largely overlooked the examination of how individuals orient and mobilise race categories, which is an aspect crucial to the development of racial issues. Given that race-related issues are fundamentally rooted in people’s utilisation of racial categories as a foundation for social action, it is of relevance to investigate the pertinence of these categories in people’s talk. This involves not only investigating the explicit mentions of racial categories but also delving into the inferences and common-sense knowledge packaged with them in interaction. In this thesis, I used the theoretical framework of discursive psychology to apply both conversation (CA) and membership categorisation analysis (MCA) to examine where and how race becomes relevant in institutional talk, specifically in emergency calls reporting family harm and violence. Although literature conducting CA and MCA on race is existent, literature has been focal on race talk in ordinary interaction as opposed to institutional settings. Therefore, this thesis analyses racial relevance in the institutional talk of emergency calls. Examining emergency calls is advantageous as it captures both representatives of the institution (call-takers) and members of the public (callers) orientation and mobilisation of race categories in interaction. This thesis analyses the intricate dynamics of racial expression and the utilisation of racial common-sense in the context of either seeking or providing emergency services.</strong></p><p>In my thesis, race was found to be initiated in various phases in the emergency call, particularly within the interrogative series of person descriptions. When describing the subject of the complaint, inquiries for racial categories were utilised as predicates of appearance, mobilising common-sense understandings of the visual attributes tied to race categories. The call-taker employed a diverse array of linguistic strategies to broach discussions on racial categories. These linguistic strategies highlighted the necessity for a careful and deliberate approach when inquiring about race, orientating to race as a sensitive and delicate topic of discussion. Furthermore, a notable deviant case is presented wherein the description of the person differed from other calls that included race as a pertinent descriptor within the series of person descriptions, to demonstrate how certain race categories can be treated as relevant and identifiable compared to others. My thesis findings bear academic significance, as they contribute to the limited body of literature addressing racial relevance in emergency services and offer empirical implications and practical applications for improving the responsiveness of these crucial services.</p>
Biased versus Partial Agonism in the Search for Safer Opioid Analgesics

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Opioids such as morphine—acting at the mu opioid receptor—are the mainstay for treatment of moderate to severe pain and have good efficacy in these indications. However, these drugs produce a plethora of unwanted adverse effects including respiratory depression, constipation, immune suppression and with prolonged treatment, tolerance, dependence and abuse liability. Studies in β-arrestin 2 gene knockout (βarr2(−/−)) animals indicate that morphine analgesia is potentiated while side effects are reduced, suggesting that drugs biased away from arrestin may manifest with a reduced-side-effect profile. However, there is controversy in this area with improvement of morphine-induced constipation and reduced respiratory effects in βarr2(−/−) mice. Moreover, studies performed with mice genetically engineered with G-protein-biased mu receptors suggested increased sensitivity of these animals to both analgesic actions and side effects of opioid drugs. Several new molecules have been identified as mu receptor G-protein-biased agonists, including oliceridine (TRV130), PZM21 and SR–17018. These compounds have provided preclinical data with apparent support for bias toward G proteins and the genetic premise of effective and safer analgesics. There are clinical data for oliceridine that have been very recently approved for short term intravenous use in hospitals and other controlled settings. While these data are compelling and provide a potential new pathway-based target for drug discovery, a simpler explanation for the behavior of these biased agonists revolves around differences in intrinsic activity. A highly detailed study comparing oliceridine, PZM21 and SR–17018 (among others) in a range of assays showed that these molecules behave as partial agonists. Moreover, there was a correlation between their therapeutic indices and their efficacies, but not their bias factors. If there is amplification of G-protein, but not arrestin pathways, then agonists with reduced efficacy would show high levels of activity at G-protein and low or absent activity at arrestin; offering analgesia with reduced side effects or ‘apparent bias’. Overall, the current data suggests—and we support—caution in ascribing biased agonism to reduced-side-effect profiles for mu-agonist analgesics.
Preparation of oxygen-enriched air by the selective adsorption with platinum crystallites supported on .gamma.-alumina

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of oxygen-enriched air by the selective adsorption with platinum crystallites supported on .gamma.-aluminaHyung C. Kim and Seong I. WooCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1988, 27, 11, 2135–2139Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00083a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00083a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Acute changes in cortical activation during active ankle movement after whole-body vibration for spasticity in hemiplegic legs of stroke patients: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: A recent study revealed that whole-body vibration (WBV) tends to decrease spasticity in stroke-related hemiplegic legs. However, acute changes in cortical activation after WBV are unclear. Objective: To examine whether WBV induces acute changes in sensorimotor cortical activation in patients with stroke-related hemiplegic legs. Methods: Eleven stroke patients (mean age 52.6 [SD 15.4] years; median time after stroke 3 [25th and 75th percentiles; 3 and 10.5, respectively] months) participated in a comparative before-and-after intervention trial. Six healthy adults were also studied. WBV at 30 Hz was applied for 5 min to the hamstrings, gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles. Spasticity was assessed according to the modified Ashworth scale (MAS). Active and passive range of motion (A-ROM and P-ROM, respectively) were also measured. Change in Oxy-Hb concentration in bilateral sensorimotor cortex associated with voluntary ankle dorsiflexion of the affected limb was assessed via functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) before and immediately after WBV. Results: MAS score, A-ROM, and P-ROM improved immediately after WBV. In the patients, while there was no significant interaction between effects of region (ipsilesional and contralesional sensorimotor cortex) and the WBV intervention (before and immediately after WBV) (F1,10 = 0.702, p = .422), there was a significant main effect of the WBV intervention (F1,10 = 6.971, p = .025). In the healthy participants, there was no association with the WBV intervention or region. Conclusions: In patients with stroke-related spastic-hemiplegic legs, WBV might result not only in clinical improvement but also in acute increase in sensorimotor cortical activation.
N-[3-(1H-Imidazol-4-ylmethyl)phenyl]ethanesulfonamide (ABT-866, 1), a Novel α1-Adrenoceptor Ligand with an Enhanced in Vitro and in Vivo Profile Relative to Phenylpropanolamine and Midodrine

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

N-[3-(1H-Imidazol-4-ylmethyl)phenyl]ethanesulfonamide (ABT-866, 1) is a novel alpha(1) agent having the unique profile of alpha(1A) (rabbit urethra, EC(50) = 0.60 microM) agonism with alpha(1B) (rat spleen, pA(2) = 5.4) and alpha(1D) (rat aorta, pA(2) = 6.2) antagonism. An in vivo dog model showed 1 to be more selective for the urethra over the vasculature than A-61603 (2), ST-1059 (3, the active metabolite of midodrine), and phenylpropanolamine (4).
Influence of Different Preserve Methods for the Sexuale Number and Survival Rate of Chinese Horned Gall Aphid,Schlechtendalia chinensis(Bell)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Different preserve methods for the sexuale number and survival rate of Chinese horned gall aphid,Schlechtendalia chinensis(Bell),were examined.The results demonstrated that the columnar aphid bag filled with corn husks increased the sexuale number and survival rate of sexuale.Compared with the triangle-shaped aphid bag filled with palm fibre,the sexual female number,sexual female/fundatrix survival number,sexual male number and total sexuale number of the columnar bag filled with corn husks increased by 107.6%,229.1%,71.1% and 87.5%,respectively;and the female/fundatrix survival rate increased 21.1% at the same time.The numbers of sexual female,sexual male and sexuale of the aphid bags had significantly negative correlations with the spring migrant number.The sexual female/fundatrix number and survival number had significantly positive correlations with the sexual male number,sexuale number and the female and male ratio.Environmental factors could influence the emergence period of spring migrant aphid obviously,but could not influence the sexuale number.
Potato Scab. Three Injurious Insects

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

During the seasons of 1894 and 1895 a series of experiments on the treatment of potato scab were carried out at the station farm. There were two primary objects in conducting these experiments: first, to test the practicability of certain methods of treatment, particularly in land already infested with scab; second, to test the power of the various varieties to resist the disease, and also their behavior toward certain fungicides. The fungicides used were corrosive sublimate (bichloride of mercury), bordeaux mixture and eau celeste. The seed was treated by immersion before cutting and by spraying after being dropped into the furrow. In one series of plats the land was known to be infested with scab, having been planted to potatoes for at least five consecutive seasons and producing a crop more or less badly scabbed. In the other series the land had never been planted to potatoes and was therefore supposedly free from the fungus producing the scab. The season of 1894 was so dry that the conditions were very unfavorable for the development, either of the potatoes or of the scab-fungus. As a result the yield was very light, and, with but few exceptions very little scab was found, even in the infested land. The difference between treated and untreated plats was not very marked, what there was being in favor of the former. The experiments of the past season were much more satisfactory and show some very interesting facts. The tables which follow give the results of the experiments on infested ground.
HKE-GCN: Heatmaps-guided Keypoints Encoder and Graph Convolutional Network for Human Pose Estimation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Multi-person pose estimation is a challenging task which aims to locate keypoints for multiple persons. Graph convolutional network can effectively capture the semantic relationship among keypoints according to the kinematic structure of the human body, which is beneficial to locate keypoints but is the lack of ability of most CNN-based models. However, existing GCN-based methods mostly flatten the 2D features directly to obtain 1D embeddings, leading to the redundant information in keypoints embeddings, large size of keypoints embeddings, and high computation cost. To address these problems, we propose a two-stage framework based on Heatmaps-guided Keypoints Encoder and graph convolutional network, called HKE-GCN. The first stage uses a heatmaps-based network to predict the heatmaps of keypoints, then the second stage refines the prediction of the first stage. The second stage consists of two modules: Heatmaps-guided Keypoints Encoder (HKE) and Graph-based Refinement Module (GRM), which are used to generate keypoints embeddings according to the guidance of heatmaps and explicitly learn the relationship among keypoints based on GCN, respectively. Experiments show our framework is model-agnostic and our proposed modules are effective and lightweight. Our best model achieves state-of-the-art 76.4AP on COCO test-dev.
Apple Creek

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The unraveling of peace and friendship around Apple Creek and the removal of Shawnees and Delawares from Missouri is the focus of this chapter. It spotlights the roles of Lewis and Clark, who, as appointed governors, were charged with overseeing relations with scores of Indian nations across a vast new West of the United States, including with the Shawnees and Delawares around Apple Creek. For a few years, after the purchase of the Louisiana Territory by the United States, good neighborship continued at Apple Creek, which first Lewis and later Clark attempted to protect. But these relations fell apart after the War of 1812, when Clark found himself on the wrong side of a new tide of American settlers and bent to the force of Jacksonian Democracy during the 1820s and 1830s.
The Influence of workload measures by weight, repetition and height during one-handed handling

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study aimed to evaluate the workload effect of weight, repetition and height between muscle activity and fatigue, and perceived fatigue during one-handed handling. Twenty-five right-handed male subjects performed lifting and lowering tasks for 10 min under varying conditions: weight (1, 4 and 7 kg), repetition (2, 6 and 10 cycles/min) and height (30, 60 and 90 cm). Electromyography signals were recorded from the anterior deltoid, posterior deltoid and upper trapezius muscles. Instantaneous energy (IE), instantaneous mean power frequency (IMPF) and perceived fatigue were analyzed. Results showed that increased height led to a 172.3% rise in mean IE, higher repetition reduced IMPF by 6.0% and increased weight raised perceived fatigue by 283.6%. Height primarily affected muscle activity, repetition influenced fatigue and weight impacted subjective fatigue. These findings highlight the importance of considering individual risk factors in relation to different workload measures.
Seismic Response Analysis of Continuous Girder Bridges Crossing Faults with Assembled Rocking-Self-Centering Piers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Under the action of cross-fault ground motion, bridge piers can experience significant residual displacements, which can irreversibly impact the integrity and reliability of the bridge structure. Traditional seismic mitigation measures struggle to effectively prevent multi-span chain collapses caused by the tilting of bridge piers. Therefore, it is of practical engineering significance to explore the effectiveness of rocking self-centering (RSC) piers as seismic mitigation measures for such bridges. In this paper, cross-fault ground motion with sliding effects is artificially synthesized based on the characteristics of the fault seismogenic mechanism. A finite element model of a cross-fault bridge is established using the OpenSees platform. The applicability of RSC piers to cross-fault bridges is explored. The results show that RSC piers can significantly reduce residual displacement during cross-fault ground motions, facilitating rapid recovery after an earthquake. RSC piers significantly reduce residual displacement in cross-fault bridges, with the most notable vibration reduction effects observed in piers adjacent to the fault. When an 80 cm fault displacement occurs, the vibration reduction rate reaches 48%. Additionally, when the fault’s permanent displacement increases the risk of pier toppling, the vibration reduction effect of the RSC pier is positively correlated with the degree of fault displacement. However, the amplification effect of RSC piers on the maximum relative displacement of bearings in cross-fault bridges cannot be ignored. In this study, for the first time, RSC piers were assembled on bridges spanning faults to investigate their seismic damping effect. When the degree of fault misalignment is greater than 60cm, the seismic damping effect of RSC abutments is positively correlated with the degree of fault misalignment, and its amplifying effect on the maximum relative displacement of the bearing becomes more and more obvious with the increase of permanent displacement. For example, when the fault misalignment degree is 60cm, the vibration reduction rate is 39%, and when the fault misalignment degree is 90cm, the vibration reduction rate is 54%. Designers should rationally configure RSC piers according to the specific bridge and site conditions to achieve optimal vibration reduction effects.
Endo-α-1,4-polygalactosaminidases and their homologs: Structure and evolution

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Endo-α-1,4-polygalactosaminidase is a rare enzyme. Its catalytic domain belongs to the GH114 family of glycoside hydrolases. It is shown by phylogenetic analysis that the evolution of the corresponding genes involved duplications, elimination, and horizontal transfer. The domain and secondary structures of endo-α-1,4-polygalactosaminidases are discussed. A hypothesis is put forward as to the structure of the active center of the enzyme. Iterative screening of a protein database reveals evolutionary relationships of the GH114 family with the GH13, GH18, GH20, GH27, GH29, GH31, GH35, GH36, and GH66 families of glycoside hydrolases and with the COG1306, COG1649, COG2342, GHL3, and GHL4 families of proteins with unknown enzymatic functions. Unclassified homologs are grouped into 13 new families of hypothetical glycoside hydrolases: GHL5-GHL15, GH36J, and GH36K.
Case Study of Embroidery Craft Application in Barung-Barung Balantai, Koto XI Tarusan Subdistrict, South Pesisir Regency, West Sumatra: Gus Fitri's Embroidery House

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study aims to describe the motifs and techniques of embroidery application at Gus Fitri's Embroidery House, Barung-Barung Balantai, Koto XI Tarusan Subdistrict. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with primary data obtained through direct interviews with the owner and workers at Gus Fitri's Embroidery House. Data collection was conducted through interviews, observations, and documentation, with data validity verified through triangulation and member checks. Data analysis was carried out through data reduction, data presentation, data verification, and conclusion drawing. The results show that the embroidery application motifs at Gus Fitri's Embroidery House are generally plant motifs, such as jasmine flowers, orchids, bamboo, sunflowers, and lotuses. The embroidery application technique includes the design of the motif, the determination of the motif placement, the transfer of the motif onto the fabric, the attachment of the motif to the material, the basting stitch, and the backstitch. This study provides insight into the uniqueness and diversity of embroidery application motifs in Indonesia, especially in West Sumatra, and highlights the importance of preserving and developing traditional crafts as part of cultural heritage.
Fighting for SurvivalThe War of Independence in Nagorno-Karabakh

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter gives an insight on the violence that spread in Armenia and narrates stories of people who survived in spite of the traumatic experience, and how they raised army against Azeri invasion. Although Armenians put up a fighting force, they always felt threatened by the Azeri troops, who, 1992, occupied almost half of Nagorno-Karabakh's territory. In response to this, Armenians launched an all-out offensive in the spring of 1993. The chapter also discusses how Russia played a key role in the war on Armenia. It appeared that Russian domination was best achieved by supporting both Azerbaijan and Nagorno-Karabakh, playing one side against the other and thereby keeping them both weak.
Tolerating Latency by Prefetching Java Objects

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, processor speed has become increasingly faster than memory speed. One technique for improving memory performance is data prefetching which is successful in array-based codes but only now are researchers applying to pointer-based codes. In this paper, we evaluate a data prefetching technique, called greedy prefetching, for tolerating latency in Java programs. In greedy prefetching, when a loop or recursive method updates an object o, we prefetch objects to which o refers. We describe inter- and intraprocedural algorithms for computing objects to prefetch and we present preliminary results showing its effectiveness on a few, small Java programs. Prefetching improves performance, but there is significant room for further improvement. 1. Introduction Modern processor speeds continue to significantly outpace advances in memory speed. Even though modern processors use deep memory hierarchies, the disparity between processor and memory speeds results in an under utilization...