jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Enabling uncertainty quantification in a standard full-waveform inversion method using normalizing flows

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT To maximize the utility of seismic imaging and inversion results, we need to compute not only a final image but also quantify the uncertainty in the image. Although the most thorough approach to quantify the uncertainty is to use a method such as Markov chain Monte Carlo, which systematically samples the entire posterior distribution, this is often inefficient, and not all applications require a full representation of the posterior. We use normalizing flows (NFs), a machine learning technique to perform uncertainty quantification (UQ) in full-waveform inversion (FWI), specifically for time-lapse data. As with any machine learning algorithm, the NF learns only the mapping from the part of the prior spanned by the training data to the distribution of final models spanned by the training data. Here, we make use of this property to perform UQ efficiently by learning a mapping from the prior to the distribution that characterizes the model perturbations within a specific range. Our approach involves using a range of starting models paired with final models from a standard FWI as training data. Although this does not capture the full posterior of the FWI problem, it enables us to quantify the uncertainties associated with updating from an initial to a final model. Because our target is to perform UQ for time-lapse imaging, we use a local wave-equation solver that allows us to solve the wave equation in a small subset of our entire model, thereby keeping computational costs low. Numerical examples demonstrate that incorporating the training step for NF provides a distribution of model perturbations, which is dependent on a designated prior, to quantify the uncertainty of FWI results.
Effect of Different Concentrations of Rooting Agent on Rooting Softwood Cutting of Cotinus coggygria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Treatments of different concentrations of rooting agent on semilignified branches of Cotinus coggygria were conducted.Result shows that treatments of different concentrations of rooting agent have significant differences on rooting of cuttage rooting.Rooting rate,length of root and number of roots have very significant difference with CK at concentrations of 600 mg ·L-1 and 400 mg·L-1 which is the optimal treatment.Rooting rate,number of roots,length of root is 8.33%,9.3 and 8.63 cm,respectively.
Advance and controversy of hilar cholangiocarcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hilar cholangiocarcinoma is one of the most difficult malignant tumors in the biliary system. The best chance of treatment often absent on account of the portal vein and liver lobe are invaded. Although the efficacy of hilar cholangiocarcinoma improved with the development of diagnosis and surgical techniques in recent years, accurate definition, preoperative diagnosis and assessment, operation approach and scope, perioperative management, and the application of liver transplantation still have many disputes. This article aims to reports the advance and controversy in diagnosis and treatment of Hilar cholangiocarcinoma.
ADAM28 is expressed by epithelial cells in human normal tissues and protects from C1q‐induced cell death

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ADAM 28 (disintegrin and metalloproteinase 28), which was originally reported to be lymphocyte‐specific, is over‐expressed by carcinoma cells and plays a key role in cell proliferation and progression in human lung and breast carcinomas. We studied ADAM 28 expression in human normal tissues and examined its biological function. By using antibodies specific to ADAM 28, ADAM 28 was immunolocalized mainly to epithelial cells in several tissues, including epididymis, bronchus and stomach, whereas lymphocytes in lymph nodes and spleen were negligibly immunostained. RT ‐ PCR , immunoblotting and ELISA analyses confirmed the expression in these tissues, and low or negligible expression by lymphocytes was found in the lymph node and spleen. C1q was identified as a candidate ADAM 28‐binding protein from a human lung cDNA library by yeast two‐hybrid system, and specific binding was demonstrated by binding assays, immunoprecipitation and surface plasmon resonance. C1q treatment of normal bronchial epithelial BEAS ‐2B and NHBE cells, both of which showed low‐level expression of ADAM 28, caused apoptosis through activation of p38 and caspase‐3, and cell death with autophagy through accumulation of LC 3‐ II and autophagosomes, respectively. C1q‐induced cell death was attenuated by treatment of the cells with antibodies against the C1q receptor gC1qR/p33 or cC1qR/calreticulin. Treatment of C1q with recombinant ADAM 28 prior to addition to culture media reduced C1q‐induced cell death, and knockdown of ADAM 28 using si RNA s increased cell death. These data demonstrate that ADAM 28 is expressed by epithelial cells of several normal organs, and suggest that ADAM 28 plays a role in cell survival by suppression of C1q‐induced cytotoxicity in bronchial epithelial cells.
Complementary Radiographic Projection for Evaluation of the Conchal Sinuses and Bullae in Horses

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Radiographic examination of the skull is a well‐established and indispensable procedure for the diagnostic evaluation of dental and paranasal sinus disorders in horses. Complementary projections make significant contributions to radiographic diagnosis in nasal conchae disorders. This article describes a complementary radiographic projection designed for the evaluation of the conchal sinuses and bullae in horses. Six equine cadaveric heads were used. Specimens were dissected, and openings were created in the ventral and dorsal nasal conchae for the introduction of radiopaque material. The new radiographic projection was named lateral 75° dorsal–lateral ventral oblique view. This projection was obtained with the mandibular rami resting on the imaging plate and the mandible displaced toward the side of interest (partial excursion). The X‐ray beam was directed dorsoventrally, slightly angled toward the side of interest (left or right offset mandible dorsoventral view), and centered at an imaginary line connecting the tips of the facial crests. The lateral 75° dorsal–lateral ventral oblique view provided enhanced visualization and allowed correct identification of equine conchal structures. Lateral displacement of the mandible and the 75° angle of inclination to the vertical plane eliminated the superimposition of anatomical structures, facilitating radiographic image interpretation and increasing diagnostic accuracy. This complementary projection is recommended in all cases of sinonasal disorders in horses.
Model Based On-Line Control of Sewer Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A new software package has been developed for use in real-time control of the flow in combined sewer systems (CSS). A central feature of the new package is forecast modelling of the flows and volumes in the sewer system. Based upon the forecast model predictions, an expert system or an optimisation module determines the set-points for all regulators in the system. The new software package includes a comprehensive tool-set for use in the design of on-line control systems, including a model-based real-time simulator, which can be applied in the testing of control strategies. The first practical application of the software package for a sewer system in the city of Aalborg is described.
An Agency Theoretic Approach To Executive Compensation: Tests Of Dichotomous Contract Theory

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study analyses properties and implications of managerial contractual arrangements within the framework of Harris and Ravivs theory of dichotomous contracts. This study tests the efficacy of using component reporting of executive compensation contracts as an imperfect estimator or executive performance. Evidence suggests magnitude of profitability is a contributing factor, percentage change in profitability varies between groups, and disclosure of the separate components of compensation provides no useful information based on the risk-adjusted abnormal returns.
The worm's humus in the seedlings production of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill in a community of Cojedes State, Venezuela

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present work was developed with the aimed to evaluate the application of worm's humus in the production of seedlings of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) cultivar Roma, in the rural settlement San Isidro-San Ignacio, municipality of Tinaquillo, State of Cojedes, Republic of Venezuela. Five treatments were studied: chemical fertilization (control), worm`s humus at 4 t ha-1 bottom, worm`s humus at 4 t ha-1 bottom + worm`s humus leaching above foliage at 15 days of seeds germination, worm`s humus at 6 t ha-1 bottom and worm`s humus at 6 t ha-1 bottom + worm`s humus leaching (1L per 50 L water) above foliage at 15 days of seeds germination. The experimental design was a random block with three replications. After 25 days seed germination it was measured the plant height, number of leaves per plant, stem diameter, root length, fresh and dry mass of leaf and root. The higher values obtained in each one of the studied parameters during tomatoes plant growing were achieved with the application of 4 t ha-1 worm`s humus at bottom plus worm`s humus leaching (1L por 50 L water) above foliage at 15 days after seed germination.
Occlusion in the combination fixed removable prosthodontic patient.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The authors provide a review of the critical aspects of occlusion for the combination fixed removable patient. Articular selection and jaw relation techniques are reviewed, and dental materials combinations are recommended for restoring opposing occlusal surfaces. General objectives and specific recommendations for determining and establishing occlusal schemes are made. Tables outlining occlusal scheme, occlusal morphology, and degree of balance are presented.
Buffer Stocks and Naive Expectations in a Non-Walrasian Dynamic Macromodel: Stability, Cyclicity and Chaos

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In their pioneering work Honkapohja & Ito (1980) constructed a non-Walrasian macromodel with inventory dynamics. Some of their assumptions are modified in this paper, e.g. the expected demand for goods is defined by previous rather than actual demand. The modified model yields results which are both similar and dissimilar to those of Honkapohja and Ito. For example, the Keynesian unemployment equilibrium remains invariant but the corresponding stability condition becomes milder. The chaotic behavior of the unstable systems is also analyzed.
Modulating the Crosstalk between the Tumor and Its Microenvironment Using RNA Interference: A Treatment Strategy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy with one of the highest mortality rates among solid cancers. It develops almost exclusively in the background of chronic liver inflammation, which can be caused by viral hepatitis, chronic alcohol consumption or an unhealthy diet. Chronic inflammation deregulates the innate and adaptive immune responses that contribute to the proliferation, survival and migration of tumor cells. The continuous communication between the tumor and its microenvironment components serves as the overriding force of the tumor against the body’s defenses. The importance of this crosstalk between the tumor microenvironment and immune cells in the process of hepatocarcinogenesis has been shown, and therapeutic strategies modulating this communication have improved the outcomes of patients with liver cancer. To target this communication, an RNA interference (RNAi)-based approach can be used, an innovative and promising strategy that can disrupt the crosstalk at the transcriptomic level. Moreover, RNAi offers the advantage of specificity in comparison to the treatments currently used for HCC in clinics. In this review, we will provide the recent data pertaining to the modulation of a tumor and its microenvironment by using RNAi and its potential for therapeutic intervention in HCC.
Configuration Management: Expert Guidance for IT Service Managers and Practitioners

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Configuration management is the tracking, recording and monitoring of the elements of a business IT system and any changes and developments. This book combines the ITIL(r) view of configuration management with expert feedback from practitioners who have implemented configuration management in a wide range of real environments. Invaluable to IT professionals who are implementing configuration management and also to technology-savvy business managers who need to use automated business services.
Toward making the mean spherical approximation of primitive model electrolytes analytic: An analytic approximation of the MSA screening parameter

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The mean spherical approximation (MSA) for the primitive model of electrolytes provides reasonable estimates of thermodynamic quantities such as the excess chemical potential and screening length. It is especially widely used because of its explicit formulas so that numerically solving equations is minimized. As originally formulated, the MSA screening parameter Γ (akin to the reciprocal of the Debye screening length) does not have an explicit analytic formula; an equation for Γ must be solved numerically. Here, an analytic approximation for Γ is presented whose relative error is generally \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\lesssim 10^{-5}$\end{document}≲10−5. If more accuracy is desired, one step of an iterative procedure (which also produces an explicit formula for Γ) is shown to give relative errors within machine precision in many cases. Even when ion diameter ratios are ∼10 and ion valences are ∼10, the relative error for the analytic approximation is still \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\lesssim 10^{-3}$\end{document}≲10−3 and for the single iterative substitution it is \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\lesssim 10^{-9}$\end{document}≲10−9.
Circulating Water Tunnel Under Lake Ontario

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes the engineering and construction features of the Circulating Water System (CWS) at the 643 MW Somerset Station located on the south shore of Lake Ontario, approximately 45.06 km (28 miles) northeast of Buffalo, New York. The paper discusses the aspects of the CWS that are unique to Somerset Station (including fish deterrent/fish return system, staged diffuser, intake velocity cap, etc.), and the provisions made in the design to satisfy the stringent licensing requirements of regulatory agencies having jurisdiction over the project such as the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Finally, the unconventional construction techniques which were used to enable the system to be built within the framework of a tight construction schedule and environmental constraints are discussed.
Emotional Support Consistency and Teacher–Child Relationships Forecast Social Competence and Problem Behaviors in Prekindergarten and Kindergarten

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Teachers' ratings of conflict and closeness as well as observed emotional support are known predictors of children's social functioning. Consistency in emotional support represents an emerging line of research. The goal of the present study is to understand whether the relation between the consistency of teachers' emotional support and children's behavior is mediated by teacher–child relationships. The role of gender is also considered. Using MPlus, the present study examines the indirect effect of emotional support consistency in prekindergarten on children's social competence and problem behaviors. Outcomes are extended to kindergarten to test the lasting association between the prekindergarten social environment and child behavior in the kindergarten year. Multigroup models examine gender differences. Research Findings: Observations of 694 prekindergarten classrooms revealed that teachers' emotional support consistency had an indirect effect on social competence and problem behavior through conflict in the teacher–child relationship in prekindergarten and kindergarten. The indirect effect on prekindergarten problem behaviors through conflict was stronger for boys. For closeness, all outcomes were significant with the exception of the indirect effect on problem behaviors in the kindergarten year. Practice or Policy: Consistency in prekindergarten teachers' emotional support has an indirect effect on children's behavior in prekindergarten and the following year in kindergarten through teacher–child relationships. Improving teachers' emotional support consistency may be 1 avenue for strengthening teacher–child relationships.
221: OPTIMIZING A DKA PROTOCOL: BALANCED CRYSTALLOIDS VERSUS NORMAL SALINE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a common complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Traditionally, normal saline (NS) has been considered the preferred intravenous fluid. However, NS is known to cause a hyperchloremic acidosis, which may prolong DKA resolution compared to lactated ringer’s (LR). Emerging data suggests faster resolution of DKA with the use of LR as compared to NS. Methods: The purpose of this quality improvement project was to improve the time to DKA resolution in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and decrease time to insulin drip discontinuation utilizing LR as compared to NS. The primary outcomes measured were time to DKA resolution and insulin drip discontinuation. Secondary end points included length of stay, mortality, AKI on discharge, and new hyperkalemia or hypokalemia. The project was conducted from June 1st, 2021 to February 10th, 2022 and included adults ≥ 18 who presented to the emergency department with DKA, which was strictly defined as: a plasma glucose greater than 250 mg/dL, serum bicarbonate ≤ 18 mEq/L, an anion gap ≥ to 12 mEq/L, and the presence of ketones on urinalysis. During the first 90 days, the NS-based protocol was utilized. Subsequently, the DKA protocol was modified to use LR for 90 days. Data was collected from the electronic medical record and reviewed. Results: 124 patients met inclusion criteria with 71 in the NS group and 53 in the LR group. Time to DKA resolution was significantly longer in the NS group (41.76 hrs vs 29.398 hrs, p = .017). Values ≥ 200 hrs were excluded. There was no difference in the time to insulin drip discontinuation (42.549 hrs vs 44.765 hrs, p value= .800). There were also no significant differences in length of stay (5.39 days vs 4.83 days, p value= .567), AKI on discharge (11.3% vs 13.2%, p value= .743), new hyperkalemia (4.2% vs 1.9%, p value= .635), or mortality (1.4% vs 3.8%, p value =.575). New hypokalemia occurred in 18.9% of the LR group compared to 5.6% of the NS group (p value= .021). Conclusions: The results demonstrate that changing DKA protocol to use LR instead of NS decreased DKA resolution time by approximately 12 hours. This suggests an opportunity for decreasing ICU length of stay and improving patient-centered outcomes for patients with DKA.
The long-term modulation of cosmic rays

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Various effects of solar activity on the cosmic-ray intensity have been observed for more than a century. One well-known consequence of this influence is the long-term variation. During the 11-year solar cycle, the peak of the galactic cosmic-ray intensity occurs within 1 year after sunspot minimum. Many investigations have been conducted over the years to determine the mechanisms whereby the Sun controls the cosmic-ray flux in the vicinity of the Earth. The role of fluctuations in the interplanetary magnetic field as an important factor in cosmic-ray modulation was recognized by Hedgecock (1975); however, attempts to establish correlations between cosmic-ray intensity and the interplanetary magnetic field magnetic-energy spectra were largely unsuccessful. In the present work, new analytical techniques have provided more exact determinations of the year-to-year variations in the properties of the interplanetary magnetic field. This study has revealed that the interplanetary magnetic field fluctuation parameters also display a solar-cycle variation, which is well correlated with the intensity of cosmic rays.
Challenges For Requirements Engineering Of Cyber-Physical Systems In Distributed Environments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Engineering of systems is highly influenced by rapid technological changes, such as the emergence of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). These are interconnected embedded systems enabled by human-machine interaction. Realisation of CPS require a collaboration between mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and computer science since different components are delivered and developed by different disciplines. Consequently, the Requirements Engineering (RE) process needs to consider multi-disciplinary perspectives. The objective of this paper is to elaborate the specific challenges of RE for CPS in a distributed environment and to identify knowledge sources and targets in CPS engineering. It describes the relevant types of knowledge and defines appropriate exchange mechanisms and standards.
181 Long Noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) Are Different in Polyps of Obese and Lean Suggesting Different Pathophysiology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: Colorectal cancer is the third most cancer diagnosed in USA. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important orchestrators of essential biological networks and regulate cell growth, apoptosis, epigenetics transcription and translation. Multiple lines of evidence link regulatory lncRNAs to diseases. 1,2 METHODS: The project determined the expression of lncRNAs in samples from normal and highly aggressive colorectal cancer. Using paraffin imbedded samples, the epithelial layer was demarcated under the microscope and isolated with a scalpel. Total RNA was isolated and cDNA was used in the LncProfiler qPCR Array (SBI). RESULTS: Results show an increase in lncRNAs DISC2, HAR1A, HAR1B, HULC, NEAT1, NRON, PRINS and RNCR3 in the cancer samples compared to the normal. We further sought to evaluate whether an obese environment could promote the normal colon cells into cancer-like phenotype. To evaluate this, we used exosomes derived from adipose stem cells (ASC) obtained from lean or normal individuals to mimic the obese environment. Colon epithelial cells were cultured and either treated with lean ASC exosomes or obese exosomes for 24 hours. Total RNA was isolated and cDNA was used in the LncProfiler qPCR Array. Amongst the detected lncRNAs, our results showed an increase in DISC-2, NEAT1, NRON, PRINS and RNCR3 lncRNAs which were observed to be increased in the colon cancer samples. Simultaneously, using real time qPCR we saw an increase in pro-survival genes Bcl2, Bcl-xL and caspase 9b in cells treated with exosomes from obese ASC. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that obesity may lead to increased incidence of colon cancer. We have known it for years for obesity to increase the risk od colorectal cancers slightly and now we have some insights into the pathophysiology.