jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
on Serum Concentrations of Testosterone and Dihydrotestosterone and Testicular 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Activity in Intact and Hypophysectomized Diabetic Rats

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were made diabetic with streptozotocin (40 mg/kg BW). The effect of treatment with insulin, LH, or both hormones during the experimental period on serum levels of testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), as well as testicular Δ 5-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) activity was measured 15 days (intact rats) or 10 days (hypophysectomized rats) after the induction of diabetes. In intact rats, diabetes resulted in a marked reduction in serum hormone levels and testicular 3β-HSD activity. Insulin or LH treatment significantly increased hormone levels and testicular 3β-HSD activity in diabetic rats. The administration of both hormones to diabetic rats resulted in a rise in enzyme activity to values similar to those in the normoglycemic controls, with a concomitant increase in serum hormone levels. In hypophysectomized diabetic rats, insulin resulted in testicular 3β- HSD activity and serum hormone concentrations similar to those in normoglycemic hypophysectomized rats. Treatment with LH significantly increased 3β-HSD activity and the serum levels of T and DHT in hypophysectomized normoglycemic and hypophysectomized diabetic animals compared to those in the hypophysectomized untreated controls. When the results were expressed in terms of 3β-HSD activity per testis weight, it became evident that treatment of diabetic hypophysectomized rats with both hormones increased 3β-HSD activity to levels similar to those obtained in the normoglycemic hypophysectomized animals treated with LH alone. In both experiments, the stimulatory effects of insulin and LH on the serum levels of T and DHT followed a pattern similar to that the effects of insulin and LH on the activity of the testicular 3β-HSD. The results of this study serve as further evidence of testicular failure in diabetic rats and suggested that an inadequate steroidogenesis in the testes of diabetic rats may be due, at least in part, to decreased 3β-HSD ctivity. Based on the parameters studied, a synergistic action could be observed after daily treatment with insulin and LH. This fact supports previous findings of a stimulatory effect of insulin on LH receptors in the testis of the diabetic rat and suggests that in the testes, 3β-HSD is regulated by LH and insulin.
THE EFFECT OF FASTING ON THE METABOLISM OF EPILEPTIC CHILDREN

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Last winter, on the Children's Medical Service of the Massachusetts General Hospital, we had the opportunity of studying a few patients with epilepsy that were undergoing, as a therapeutic measure, prolonged periods of fasting. Since for some time it has been generally conceded that this method of treatment has met with considerable success in decreasing the number and severity of the epileptic seizures, we were interested in ascertaining, if possible, what metabolic changes occurred, coincident with improvement, that might reasonably serve as a basis for explaining the effect or influence of fasting on this disease. Our attention was directed principally toward the study of changes in the blood and urine. These observations included determinations of the certain chemical constituents both before, during and following fasting. The substance of this report will be presented under the three general phases into which the investigation resolved itself: (1) alterations of the various blood
Spanish Painters in the Forefront of the Tridentine Reform

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The phase of the Catholic Reform began in 1400s, on the basis of earlier movements such as the Devotio Moderna, which began in the Low Countries in 1300s. The Tridentine phase of reform exactly parallels the Spanish cultural period called the Siglo de Oro, or Spanish Golden Age, not to mention the colonization of Latin America. It is to be expected that Hispanic art of this period should express the reformers' concerns in an immediate, even precocious way. Spanish reformed Catholicism found leadership in the Archbishops of Toledo, "Primates of Spain," particularly in the person of Cardinal Francisco Jimenez de Cisneros, the Franciscan friar and Catholic humanist, who was archbishop from 1495. However, is the fact that in many instances, such as the works of Juan de Juanes and Luis de Morales analyzed, Spanish artists in fact anticipated the type of art sought by the Church fathers at Trent and their subsequent interpreters.
Critical Review of K-12 Filipina/o American Curriculum

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research study provides the first comprehensive and critical literature review of K–12 Filipina/o American curricula found in formal and informal educational settings. Thirty-three Filipina/o American curricula representing a diverse array of authors, audiences, content, and pedagogical approaches were reviewed. The authors of this study developed a “Critical Framework of Review” rooted in critical pedagogy in order to analyze the historical development of Filipina/o American curricula along with an analysis of major topics, concepts, guiding theoretical frameworks, pedagogical approaches, and outcomes. The review concludes with a discussion and summary of the overarching themes of Filipina/o curricular content, instruction, and impact gained from this study and recommendations for the application, development, distribution, and research of more Filipina/o American K–12 curriculum resources.
Comparative performance of scientific and indigenous knowledge on seasonal climate forecasts: A case study of Lupane, semi- arid Zimbabwe

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Seasonal climate forecasting (SCF) is weather prediction over a period ranging from 3-6 months period. Forecasting can be done using scientific forecasts (SF) or indigenous knowledge forecasts (IKF) systems. Forecast results can be very fruitful to smallholder farmers in semi-arid areas where rainfall is highly variable. Effective use of SCF has faced challenges including: rainfall variability, access to forecast information, interpretation of forecast results and generation gap. There is limited research on comparative performance of the two forecasts. The research seeks to evaluate comparative performance of the two forecasting methods in predicting outcome of the following rainfall season. The study was carried out in Daluka and Menyezwa wards of Lupane district, south-western Zimbabwe, which receives annual average rainfall of 450-650 mm. Focus group discussions and personal interviews were used in 2008/09 and 2009/10 seasons to capture farmers’ experiences and knowledge on SCFs and their application. The predicted outcome of the IKF and SF were compared with actual rainfall recorded from the predicted period. Results indicated high dependence on the use of the IKFs by Lupane farmers in predicting the outcome of the following season’s rainfall. Both the IKF and SF predicted inadequate rainfall in the two consecutive seasons and the results concurred with recorded rainfall in Daluka ward in the two seasons and in Menyezwa ward in 2009/10 season only. Results demonstrate that in the absence of SF, farmers may use IKFs. It is imperative that the two forecasts complement each other to increase farmer adaptation to climate variability.
Out-of-school time matters: activity involvement and positive development among Coos County youth

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This brief looks at the connections between how youth spend their free time and positive or negative attitudes about themselves and their future plans. Family studies assistant professor and Carsey faculty fellow Erin Hiley Sharp used data from the Carsey Institute's Coos County Youth Survey to show differences by activity level and students' expectations for positive outcomes in their future.
Generalist invasion in a complex lake food web

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Invasive species constitute a threat not only to native populations but also to the structure and functioning of entire food webs. Despite being considered as a global problem, only a small number of studies have quantitatively predicted the food web‐level consequences of invasions. Here, we use an allometric trophic network model parameterized using empirical data on species body masses and feeding interactions to predict the effects of a possible invasion of Amur sleeper ( Perccottus glenii ), on a well‐studied lake ecosystem. We show that the modeled establishment of Amur sleeper decreased the biomasses of top predator fishes by about 10%–19%. These reductions were largely explained by increased larval competition for food and Amur sleeper predation on fish larvae. In contrast, biomasses of less valued fish of lower trophic positions increased by about 0.4%–9% owing to reduced predation pressure by top piscivores. The predicted impact of Amur sleeper establishment on the biomasses of native fish species vastly exceeded the impacts of current‐day fishing pressures.
Cellular and Molecular Effects of High-Molecular-Weight Heparin on Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Expression

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Blood sampling with different anticoagulants alters matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-) 9 expression, thus influencing its concentration and diagnostic validity. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effects of different anticoagulants on MMP-9 regulation. MMP-9 expression was assessed in response to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, citrate, and high-/low-molecular-weight heparin (HMWH, LMWH) in co-culture experiments using THP-1, Jurkat, and HT cells (representing monocytes, T, and B cells). Triple and double cell line co-culture experiments revealed that HMWH treatment of THP-1 and Jurkat led to a significant MMP-9 induction, whereas other anticoagulants and cell type combinations had no effect. Supernatant of HMWH-treated Jurkat cells also induced MMP-9 in THP-1 suggesting monocytes as MMP-9 producers. HMWH-induced cytokine/chemokine secretion was assessed in co-culture supernatant, and the influence of cytokines/chemokines on MMP-9 production was analyzed. These experiments revealed that Jurkat-derived IL-16 and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM-) 1 are able to induce MMP-9 and IL-8 production by THP-1. As a consequence, the increased MMP-9 expression found in HMWH blood samples may be influenced by HMWH-dependent secretion of IL-16 and sICAM-1 by T cells resulting in an increased production of MMP-9 and IL-8 by monocytes. IL-8, in turn, may support MMP-9 and its own expression in a positive autocrine feedback loop.
Phthalate esters in coffee brew samples: Analytical method by GC-MS, profile, levels and sources.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The present study was aimed to develop a procedure for the analysis of trace concentration of phthalate esters (PEA) in coffee brew stored in plastic cups. Phthalates are esters of phthalic acid, generally have high boiling points, lowvolatility are insoluble in water andpredominantly fat-soluble. Phthalates with higher molecular weights, such as bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) are largely used as additives and plasticizers in plastic material (PVC), while those with lower molecular weights are components of solvents, adhesive, wax, ink, pharmaceutical products, insecticide materials and cosmetic. Dimethyl phthalate and diethyl phthalate are present in plastics based on cellulose esters such as cellulose acetate and butyrate. The widespread use of these products resulted in their presence in various environmental matrices such as water, soil and food. Phthalate esters have endocrine disrupting properties. Several studies have shown that phthalate esters are estrogenic and have reproductive effects in mammals. Considering that the potential health impact on humans, the European Commission, for example, is proposing a ban on the use of phthalate esters in soft PVC materials for making baby toys. In the present work, considering the large daily consumption of coffee, we optimized a reliable analytical methodand investigated the levels, distribution of 17analyte incoffee brew samples. This method is based on liquid–liquid extraction of brew; the determination is carried out by GC– MS using SIM acquisition data. The method is more selective, rapid and economical than those described in the literature for similar matrices, which are based on SPE. The method detection limits for the 17 phthalate esters were between 10 μg l−1 and 90μg l−1 and recovery rates between 65% and 104%. The versatility of method as analytical tool makes it an ideal technique for analytical quality control and research and development laboratories in the food and industry.
Leveraging on Prompt Proactive and Preventive Integrated Strategies (PPPIS) for Meningitis Control in Nigeria: Getting it Right

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Given the escalating morbidity and mortality recorded annually due to meningitis outbreak in Nigeria, it is fast becoming a disease of public health concern.</p> <p><strong>Objectives:</strong> This study described and discussed preventive strategies based on the disease pattern to generate information on the concept of prompt, proactive, and preventive integrated strategies (PPPIS).</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> The study was a narrative overview of relevant literatures obtained through hand search, databases, and authoritative materials.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> The highest suspected cases of meningitis 15733 was recorded in 1996 with 2411 (15.3%) deaths, and in 2009 when 54766 suspected cases and 2449 (4.5%) deaths were recorded. Meningitis was reported in five states of Northern Nigeria with 1407-suspected cases and 211 deaths between January 2016 and March 2017. This figure rose to 13, 420 suspected cases and 1, 069 deaths in 23 states with the five initial states inclusive. The fatality ratio was 8% in May 2017.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Meningitis has become an increasing contributor to disease burden with high mortality, morbidity, and economic consequences. Adoption of prompt, proactive, and preventive strategies among other integrated approaches could stem and reverse the trend.</p>
Feature Engineering for Injection Attack Detection: An Exploration from SQLI to XSS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper explores the effects of data preprocessing and feature engineering on injection attacks using a classification and anomaly detection approach. To this end, the proposed data preprocessing and feature engineering method is compared against state-of-the-art SQL injection detection on two different datasets using KNN, DT and SVM as classifiers, whereas OCSVM as an anomaly detector. Evaluation results of the classifiers and the anomaly detector not only show the effectiveness and high performance of the proposed data preprocessing and feature engineering method on SQL injection attacks but also demonstrate the generalizability on other injection and non-injection attacks.
Optical absorption below the absorption edge in Hg1−xCdxTe

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The optical absorption below the absorption edge in x=0.2 and x=0.3 Hg1−xCdxTe alloys has been investigated. In p-type alloys of both compositions and at wavelengths equivalent to approximately 0.75 Eg to 20 μm, the measured optical absorption cross sections at 90 K were close to the intervalence cross sections calculated using first-order Kane k⋅p theory with a bandstructure parameter P of 8.4×10−8 eV cm and a heavy hole mass of 0.5 m. For Hg0.8Cd0.2Te the absorption cross sections were close to 1.8×10−15 cm2 for wavelengths between 15 and 20 μm. For Hg0.7Cd0.3Te , the absorption cross sections increased from approximately 1×10−15 cm2 at 5 μm to about 3×10−15 cm2 at 20 μm. At higher temperatures the intervalence absorption cross sections decreased; in addition, an intraband contribution to the total hole absorption cross section was observed.
Of the Repository: Poetics in a Networked Digital Milieu

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This doctoral dissertation is a material and cultural analysis of the entwined histories of the three major North American digital repositories of contemporary avant-garde and experimental poetry: the Electronic Poetry Center at the State University of New York at Buffalo, Kenneth Goldsmith’s UbuWeb, and PennSound at the University of Pennsylvania. The dissertation takes up a media-historical methodology to document the actors, publics, discourses, aesthetics, institutional environments, technological infrastructures, and social relations involved in the production of these open online repositories. The research begins from the premise that, in the study of what writing is, has been, and might be, the discourse of poetics and the figure of the archive fuse together. If, as Kate Eichhorn (2003) argues, “[t]o write in a digital age is to write in the archive,” in this research I ask: What can the composition of archives – their materials, contexts, protocols, and interfaces – teach us about poetics today? \n \nSince the mid-1990s, these three repositories have served as a primary means for extending the purview and program of poetics as a contemporary institutional formation. In doing so, the creators of these repositories have utilized them as important media infrastructures for the publication, dissemination, and storage of poetic works and critical analysis on the contemporary production of poetry. Each digital repository is an argument for a specific poetics. Their entwined histories and cultural-technical infrastructures articulate numerous affinities, yet each is distinct in the way it casts a new light on certain critical terms for literary studies. Approaching each in terms of its emphasis on, respectively, access, circulation, and format enables a detailed engagement with the aesthetic, institutional, legal, and technological concerns of the digital repository. Here, this dissertation develops a unique methodology for addressing these complicated structures called digital repositories by emphasizing each case study’s particular bias. Such an engagement opens on to a more general consideration of language, writing, and textuality in networked milieus, and emphasizes the particular affordances that make the digital repository a significant, yet underkacknowledged, archival genre.
FT-IR Study, Thermal Analysis, and Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of a MK-Geopolymer Mortar Using Glass Waste as Fine Aggregate

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Food containers made from glass are separately collected from urban solid waste at 76% in most parts of Europe. The cullet glass finds its way to re-melting, while the debris is often disposed of. With this contribution, we suggest an upcycling process where glass debris is simply ground without any washing operation and added to an alkali-activated paste. Metakaolin-based geopolymer mortar added with coarsely ground glass waste as fine aggregate has been prepared via alkali activation with NaOH and Na-silicate. After 7, 14 and 28 days of room temperature curing time, the 3D geopolymer network was investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Vibrational spectra revealed the geopolymerization occurrences, results which have been supported by both FT-IR deconvoluted spectra and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Finally, the antibacterial properties were investigated against both gram-negative (E. coli) and gram-positive (E. faecalis) bacterial strains. The results suggest the ability of the 28 days cured geopolymers to inhibit the growth of the gram-negative bacterium assayed.
Cross-layer Design of Joint Routing and Scheduling for Maximizing Network Capacity of IEEE 802.11s based Multi-Channel SmartGrid NAN Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

스마트그리드 기술은 기존의 전력망 관리와 제어를 위해 ICT (Information and Communications Technologies)를 이용하여 전력 공급자와 소비자 간에 양방향으로 실시간 전력 정보의 교환을 통하여 에너지 효율을 극대화시키는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 IEEE 802.11s STDMA (Spatial Time Division Multiple Access) 기반의 다중 채널 스마트그리드의 NAN (Neighborhood Area Network) 네트워크에서 수리적 모델링에 기반한 계층 교차적 설계 기법을 이용하는 "JRS-MS" (Joint Routing and Scheduling for Multi-channel SmartGrid) 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안 알고리즘은 다중 채널 스마트그리드 NAN 네트워크의 각 데이터 링크에서 데이터 전송량을 적절히 조절하고 동시에 플로우들 간에 간섭이 적은 고속 경로의 탐색을 수행한다. 이를 통하여 각 플로우들의 네트워크 이용률을 높여 전송률을 향상시킨다. 제안 알고리즘과 기존 제안 알고리즘인 JRS-SG (Jointly Routing and Scheduling for SmartGrid) 알고리즘 과의 비교 성능 분석을 통하여 JRS-MS 알고리즘이 다중 홉 NAN 무선 메쉬 네트워크를 경유하는 플로우들의 수가 늘어날 때 주어진 대역폭 자원을 최대로 활용하여 전송 성능을 향상 시킬 수 있음을 보였다. The goal of the SmartGrid is to maximize energy efficiency by exchanging bi-directional real-time power information with the help of ICT(Information and Communication Technology). In this paper, we propose a "JRS-MS" (Joint Routing and Scheduling for Multi-channel SmartGrid) algorithm that uses numerical modeling methods in IEEE 802.11s based STDMA multi-channel SmartGrid NAN networks. The proposed algorithm controls the amount of data transmission adaptively at the link layer and finds a high data-rate path which has the least interference between traffic flows in multi-channel SmartGrid NAN networks. The proposed algorithm improve transmission performance by enhancing network utilization. By comparing the results of performance analysis between the proposed algorithm and the JRS-SG algorithm in the previous paper, we showed that the JRS-MS algorithm can improve transmission performance by maximally utilizing given network resources when the number of flows are increasing in the multi-hop NAN wireless mesh networks.
A Grounded Theory of the Development of Noble Youth Purpose

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Having a noble purpose in life is an important component of positive youth development; however, little is known about how noble purposes develop over time. Therefore, using three waves of interviews over a 5-year period with 9 adolescents ( N = 9) who demonstrated intense commitments to various noble purposes, the present study developed a grounded theory of the development of noble purpose, including a focus on how commitment was initiated, sustained, increased, and changed over time. Results revealed the exemplars made commitments early in life. With the exception of triggering experiences, which immediately intensified their level of commitment, commitment generally grew slowly but steadily in response to positive feedback. Mentors and like-minded peers played an important role in supporting noble purposes over time, and access to new resources led exemplars to expand their focus. Implications for supporting the development of noble purposes are addressed.