jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
PTH-013 Routine Coagulation Profile Prior To Ercp – An Unnecessary Investigation?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction From the first reported endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in 1968 to the invention of endoscopic sphincterectomy in 1974, ERCP has evolved to an almost entirely therapeutic procedure. It is appreciated that approximately 54,000 patients undergo ERCP each year. 1 The 2008 British guidelines include routine pre-procedural coagulation screen within 3 days prior to ERCP. 2 However, the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guidelines state that the prothrombin time, International Normalised Ratio (INR), and activated partial thromboplastin time in patients without clinical evidence of bleeding disorder or coagulopathy do not predict or correlate with either intraoperative or postoperative haemorrhage. 3 Methods A 12-month retrospective study of 440 patients undergoing ERCP in a single UK tertiary institution was undertaken. The correlation between the presence of a biochemical cholestatic picture and the INR was assessed. Results The blood results of 440 patients were reviewed using the ICE (Integrated Clinical System). The median age was 67-years. Of the 440 patients, 310 had deranged LFTs, 86 had a normal liver profile, and 44 had no LFTs taken prior to ERCP. Of those with deranged LFTs, 2% had only a raised bilirubin, less than 6% had either only raised transaminases or both raised transaminases and bilirubin, 12% had only both raised alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin, 15% had both raised ALP and transaminases, 22% had only raised ALP, and 43% had a trio of raised bilirubin, ALP, and transaminases. Only 11 patients had no coagulation profile taken before the procedure. Out of the remaining 429 patients, 15 were on warfarin, 2 had haemophilia, 1 was thrombocytopenic, and 1 had von Willebrand’s disease. However, out of 440 patients only 2 had an INR greater than 1.5, 1 of them being on warfarin. Conclusion These results suggest that routine measurement of coagulation profile is unnecessary. This would reduce time delays, decrease costs and avoid further tests in patients. We suggest that the current pre-ERCP investigation guidelines be reviewed. 4 References The future of service and training in ERCP in UK-J. R. B. GREEN and The UK ERCP Stakeholders working party- August 2007-British Society of Gastroenterology J Williams, J Green, I Beckingham, R Parks, D Martin, M Lombard-Guidelines on the management of common bile duct stones- Gut 2008;57:1004–1021. doi:10.1136/gut.2007.121657 Position statement on routine laboratory testing before endoscopic procedures- http://www.asge.org Baillie John, Pier‐Alberto Testoni. Are we meeting the standards set for ERCP? Gut. 2007 June; 56(6):744–746. doi: 10.1136/gut.2006.113456 Disclosure of Interest None Declared.
Methamphetamine-induced behavioral effects and brain catecholamines following repeated administration of methamphetamine

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

After mice were given methamphetamine (MA) at a dose of 25 mg/kg i.p. twice daily (9:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m.) for 4 days, the behavioral effects and releases of brain catecholamines induced by MA were investigated. The behavioral effects which were estimated according to the rating system of Peachey et al. were a predominant increase in locomotor activity at 2.5 mg/kg MA, a predominant stereotyped behavior at 10 mg/kg MA and the mixed type at 5 mg/kg MA in the saline control. Following repeated administration of MA, the rating scores of each effect at 2.5 and 5 mg/kg MA were not significantly different from those of the saline control. At 10 mg/kg MA, the behavioral effects were of the mixed type. However, when locomotor activity was measured by Automex II 2SD, significant increases in locomotor activity were observed over 2 hr. Following repeated administration of MA, the brain NE level did not alter, while the brain DA level was significantly decreased. The increased accumulation of brain MHPG-S0i+ induced by MA was not significantly different from the saline control. The accumulation of HVA, however, did not alter at high doses of MA, which caused the increased accumulation of HVA in the saline control.
Weighted Fair Queue Scheduling Algorithm for IEEE802. 16 Wireless Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

which is also known as IEEE 802.16 standards, supports lastmile broadband access wireless networks. WiMAX technology uses a number of scheduling techniques in the Medium Access Control layer, which is responsible for the utilization of available resources in the networks and distribute them among users in order to ensure the desired quality of service. In this work, the performance of Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) scheduling algorithm is evaluated to attain Quality of Service (QoS). The weight is assigned for a different service depends on the percentage of bandwidth utilization and priority of services. The proposed scheduling algorithm has designed and simulated using MatLab. The performance is evaluated with the other existing scheduling algorithm like First In First Out (FIFO), Priority queuing (PQ) and Weighted Round Robin (WRR).
Inpatient utilization of short-stay hospitals by diagnosis United States, 1978.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Statistics are presented on the utilization of non-Federal short-stay hospitals based on data abstracted in the National Hospital Discharge Survey from a national sample of hospital records of discharged inpatients. The number of discharges, discharge rates, and average length of stay are shown for the classes and categories of first-listed diagnoses, by demographic characteristics of inpatients discharged and by geographic region and size of the hospitals. For these patient and hospital characteristics, this report also presents the number and percent distribution of all-listed diagnoses (up to five diagnoses per patient) reported for inpatients discharged.
Dataset of EEG power integral, spontaneous recurrent seizure and behavioral responses following combination drug therapy in soman-exposed rats

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

One of the objectives of the article linked to this dataset was to determine the efficacy of various doses of midazolam therapy when administered at a delayed time point in protecting against soman-induced seizure severity and epileptogenesis. Adult male rats with implanted telemetry transmitters for the continuous recording of electroencephalographic (EEG) activity were exposed to soman and treated with atropine sulfate and the oxime HI-6 at one minute after soman exposure. Rats were then administered one of three doses of midazolam at 40 min after seizure onset. The EEG recordings of rats exposed to soman and treated with medical countermeasures were analyzed with the use of a MATLAB algorithm (de Araujo Furtado, et al., 2009, J Neurosci. Methods; PMID: 19632275), and quantitative measures of seizure onset and duration, and onset of spontaneous recurrent seizures for over a month following exposure are provided as a supplement to the communication in the form of a spreadsheet. In the present dataset, raw telemetry recordings from four animals exposed to soman and treated with one of three doses of midazolam are provided. Each folder contains raw EEG data of each animal compressed into 7zip format split into 3-4 volumes (to facilitate upload to data repository). Their nomenclature includes the identification number of the animal, followed by GD and the dose of midazolam that they received (midazolam 1 mg/kg, MDZ1; midazolam 3 mg/kg, MDZ3; midazolam 9 mg/kg, MDZ9). Two animals from the 3 mg/kg midazolam group, A01 and A04, are provided; the former showed over 25 SRS, and the latter over 100 SRS. A02, from the group that received 1 mg/kg midazolam, presented over 30 SRS. Animal A03 treated with 9 mg/kg midazolam showed less than 5 SRS. We suggest https://www.7-zip.org for uncompressing the files prior to opening them in a EDF (European Data Format)-compatible software. The sample files are of value to others who may wish to further analyze changes in EEG patterns that may be useful in identifying types of seizure activity, power changes or sleep alterations. They might help the scientific community to test seizure detection and prediction algorithms which can accelerate the screening of neuroprotective compounds against soman-induced status epilepticus and epileptogenesis. Niquet, J., Lumley, L., Baldwin, R., Rossetti, F., Suchomelova, L., Naylor, D., ... & Wasterlain, C. G. (2019). Rational polytherapy in the treatment of cholinergic seizures. Neurobiology of disease, 104537 Niquet J., Lumley, L., Baldwin, R., Rossetti, F., Schultz, M., de Araujo Furtado, F., Suchomelova, L., Naylor, D., Estrada, I.B.F., Wasterlain, C.G. Early polytherapy for benzodiazepine-refractory status epilepticus. Epilepsy & Behavior, in press.
The Variation in Chemical Composition of Swedish Oats

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The chemical composition of 121 samples of oats grown in Sweden was investigated. On average, the grains contained 46.2% starch, 32.3% total fibre, 11.6% crude protein, 5.7% crude fat, 3.0% ash and small amounts of free glucose, fructose, sucrose and fructans. The mean values of the free sugars showed the highest coefficients of variation and that of starch the lowest. The range of variation of the main constituents was 17.7%-units for total fibre, 15.9%-units for starch and 7.4%-units for crude protein. Highly significant (p< 0.001) negative coefficients of regression were obtained of total fibre (-0.75), crude protein (-0.19) and ash (-0.04) on starch. Further analysis of fibre constituents in 16 samples with widely differing starch contents revealed a close relationship between total fibre, calculated by difference, and dietary fibre, analysed as non-starch polysaccharides and Klason lignin. Cellulose, arabinoxylans, ß-glucans and Klason lignin were the major components of the dietary fibe. Xylose residues showed the highest variation in mean value. Significant correlations were obtained between all pairs of combinations of dietary fibre, arabinoxylans, cellulose, crude fibre and thousand kernel weight, while no significant correlations were found between ß-glucans or Klason lignin and any of the other fibre variables determined. Key Words: oatschemical compositioncarbohydratesdietary fibres
Prediction of Excess Body Fat in Adolescents Using Neural Networks

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

An intelligent system for predicting the body fat percentage (%BF) in adolescents was developed based on socio-demographic and clinical variables that were easily measurable through a database of 770 adolescents of both masculine and feminine genders, aged between 10 and 19 years, from the public educational system in São Luís Maranhão – Brazil. Predictive performance was assessed by the following metrics: precision, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the ROC curve (AUROC). The performance of the method was compared to the usual anthropometric parameters: body mass index and waist-to-height ratio. The predictive performance of the proposed method showed significantly better results than the anthropometric indicators BMI and WHtR, according to AUROC: 0.83, 0.62, and 0.56, respectively. With regard to the metrics of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, the intelligent system showed, respectively: 86%, 73%, and 93%. Moreover, the proposed method showed a high correlation r = 0.87 (0.83-0.91) with the% GC values obtained by bioimpedance. Thus, the proposed model based on the machine learning technique performed better to predict excess body fat in adolescents than the anthropometric indicators evaluated, presenting itself as a low-cost and easy application for tracking obesity in adolescents.
Milton's Use of Classical Mythology in Paradise Lost

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

There are three categories of myth in Paradise Lost , each of which is essential to the epic's proleptic structure: first, those myths identifying the pagan gods with the fallen angels; second, those myths used in comparisons with Eden, Adam, and Eve; finally, in Book xi, those myths that are types of the Old and New Testament revelation that Adam will receive. The first and third categories are evidences of God working in history, and these myths are consequently “fabled”, set in story form by the pagans; the second group have no historical reality and are only “feigned”, or fabricated. Milton uses these two words carefully. From another perspective, the first and second uses lead from the timelessness of prelapsarian existence to history. The third moves in reverse, from history to eternity, not of the world before the Fall but of the Christian glory to come.
A simple device for measuring static compliance of lung-thorax combine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Explaining the concept of lung compliance remains a challenge to the physiology teacher because it cannot be demonstrated easily in human subjects and all attempts until now have used only simulation models. A simple device is described in the present article to measure the compliance of the “lung-thorax” combine in human subjects with the caveat that what is recorded is not “lung” compliance and the data generated are of little clinical use. The device comprises a spirometer, a manometer, a mouthpiece, and interconnecting tubes guarded with stopcocks.
A pilot study comparing dural puncture epidural with 27G Whitacre needle and conventional lumbar epidural labor analgesia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The dural puncture epidural (DPE) technique is relatively a new technique of labor analgesia and has been advocated with the advantage of faster onset of pain relief. However, there are differences of opinion regarding the efficacy of the DPE technique and the size of the spinal needle to be used for the DPE. Various studies have suggested that DPE can only be done with a larger gauge of a spinal needle; however, recent studies have variable observations. We have compared the conventional lumbar epidural analgesia and DPE using a 27G pencil-point needle to assess the efficacy of DPE and its possible side effects. Results The time to achieve a 50% reduction in VAS was 7.06 ± 0.79 min in group CLE ( n = 15) and 5.0 ± 1.06 min in group DPE ( n = 15) (difference of two means was 2.06, 95% CI [1.36, 2.75], t = 5.99, p < 0.0001). The time to achieve VAS < 3 in group CLE was 14.93 ± 1.98 min, and in the group DPE, it was 10.13 ± 1.45 min (difference of two means was 4.8, 95% CI [3.52, 6.09], t = 7.55, p < 0.0001). The mode of delivery, APGAR scores, and side effects were comparable ( p > 0.05). Conclusions DPE provided faster relief of labor pain than the conventional labor epidural analgesia. There were no added side effects by DPE in conventional lumbar epidural analgesia for labor. A 27G Whitacre pencil-point needle can be used for DPE. Trial registration CTRI, CTRI/2020/08/027060. Registered on 10/08/2020. Trial registered prospectively. CTRI website URL: http://ctri.nic.in
Dynamic Simulation on Impact Test of Vehicle Wheel

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper establishes a numerical procedure to predict the aluminum wheel performance during the impact test. The dynamic finite element solver, Ansys-Lsdyna970, is used. In order to save the computation time, the striker is assigned with an initial velocity, which is equal to the velocity reached during the free-fall period upon release. Mass scaling method is also utilized to further reduce computational time. Equivalent plastic strain is used as the damage indicator to judge pass or fail for the dynamic impact test. The true stress-strain curve is obtained from a uni-axial tensile test of A356-T6 samples machined from a prototype wheel. Simulation results show that plastic deformation tends to be localized around spoke-to-hub junction area. Studies on a recent prototype wheel revealed good correlation between experimental results and numerical prediction.
Aluminum-related osteomalacia: clinical and histological improvement following treatment with desferrioxamine (DFO).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aluminum-related osteomalacia has been a topic of major interest for some time. Patients on dialysis who are affected exhibit reduced parathyroid function and osteomalacia associated with high levels of aluminum in the extracellular fluid and tissues. In bone, aluminum is found in the interface between mineralized and nonmineralized osteoid. In the present study we attempted treatment of the aluminum-related bone disease with DFO, a potent chelating agent. A thyroparathyroidectomized patient on hemodialysis with proven osteomalacia and aluminum deposits in bone received DFO 3 times/week for 1 year. Consequently, there was a marked improvement in his skeletal status, both clinically and histologically. This was associated with aluminum deposits within the mineralized component of bone as well as elevated parathyroid function measured in blood and bone. These findings suggest that calcification may occur despite the presence of aluminum in the mineralizing front. The main beneficial effect of DFO could be relief of the inhibitory action of aluminum on parathyroid cells and osteoblasts.
Use of Liver Function Tests as First‐line Diagnostic Tools for Predicting Common Bile Duct Stones in Acute Cholecystitis Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Prior studies have examined the use of liver function tests (LFT) for predicting the presence of common bile duct (CBD) stones in chronic cholecystitis (CC) patients. It is currently unclear whether LFT are also useful for predicting CBD stones in patients with acute cholecystitis (AC). Methods Of 1059 patients who visited an emergency room with gallbladder‐related symptoms between March 2004 and December 2009, 854 patients were analyzed, and were divided into three groups (556 AC patients without CBD stones (AC – CBD), 98 AC patients with CBD stones (AC + CBD), and 200 CC patients without CBD stones). We compared the LFT values at admission and the changes in LFT values over time following admission among the three groups. Results The LFT values were significantly greater in the AC + CBD group than in the AC − CBD groups. Of all the LFT variables analyzed, γ ‐glutamyl transpeptidase was the most reliable variable for predicting the presence of CBD stones, with a sensitivity of 80.6 % and a specificity of 75.3 % at the cut‐off level of 224 IU/L. The elevated LFT values decreased significantly from the start of the follow‐up assessment to before cholecystectomy in the AC − CBD group, but were unchanged before stone removal in the AC + CBD group. Conclusion The LFT values on initial admission and the changes in LFT values over time are reliable predictors of CBD stones in patients with AC.
Clinical profile and serum homocysteine level in young patients with stroke: a prospective, observational study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: According to the WHO, stroke is the second most important cause of death in elderly people with age >60 years and fifth leading cause in the age group of 15 to 59 years. Hyperhomocysteinemia has been linked to increased incidence of ischemic strokes. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess serum homocysteine levels as an individual risk factor of stroke in young patients.Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional, single center study performed in 50 patients admitted in the Department of Medicine, Thanjavur Medical College and Hospital, Thanjavur, over a period of 7 months (i.e., from December 2013 to June 2014). Young patients, aged 1545 years, and diagnosed with stroke were included in the study. Serum homocysteine was measured by fluorescein polarization immunoassay (FPIA). Significant difference between the patients with normal and elevated mean serum homocysteine levels was identified by using unpaired t-test. P value ≤0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Majority of the stroke patients were male (78%). Similarly, male patients dominated the total number of patients with elevated serum homocysteine levels (75%). Thirty-two (64%) patients had an elevated serum homocysteine level. There was a significant difference between the patients with increased homocysteine levels as compared to patients with normal homocysteine levels (p value <0.05). Out of 32 patients with hyperhomocysteinemia, 27 (84.38%) patients had ischemic stroke, 4 (12.50%) had cortical vein thrombosis and 1 (3.12%) had hemorrhagic stroke.Conclusions: Findings of the present study confirm that hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with an increased incidence of stroke in young patients. As healthcare providers, we must stress on prevention of stroke, especially by identifying treatable risk factors.
The Smell of Fear

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In 2009, studies found that body odor could be characteristic of fear and influence others. A team from the University of New Jersey focused on learning fear through smell. The researchers used a conventional conditioning system with a neutral odor for mice, acetophenone coupled with an electric shock to the paw. Logically, after conditioning, the mouse showed fear when presented with acetophenone alone. There was a suspicion of greater sensitivity to odor once the learning was completed, and the researchers' innovative idea was to work on the peripheral system, i.e. the receptors in the nasal cavities and the first relay in the brain, namely, the olfactory bulb. They used genetically modified mice to make acetophenone neuroreceptors produce a specific compound that binds to vesicles containing neurotransmitters and becomes fluorescent when released into the synapse.
Capacitor Commutation Method for MVDC Hybrid Circuit Breakers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The medium voltage DC (MVDC) type system can connect multiple terminals to a common MVDC bus, so it is possible to connect several renewable DC power sources to the common MVDC bus, but a DC circuit breaker is needed to isolate short circuit accidents that may occur in the MVDC bus. For this purpose, the concept of a hybrid DC circuit breaker that takes advantage of a low conduction loss contact type switch and an arcless-breaking semiconductor switch has been proposed. During break the hybrid switch, a dedicated current commutation device is required to temporarily bypass the load current flowing through the main switch into a semiconductor switch branch. Existing current commutation methods include a proactive method and a reverse current injection method by a LC (Inductor-capacitor) resonant circuit. This paper proposes a power circuit of a new MVDC hybrid circuit breaker using a low withstanding voltage capacitor branch for commutation and a sequence controller according to it, and verifies its operation through an experiment.
Shock tunnel studies on drag reduction of a blunt body using argon plasmajet

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

[Abstract] An experimental investigation of aerodynamic drag reduction by counter flow plasma jet injection from the stagnation region of a hemispherical blunt cylinder model flying at hypersonic Mach numbers are presented. Experiments are carried out in a hypersonic shock tunnel at four different jet - to -pitot pressure ratio and differ ent supply powers. The flow fields around the test model are visualized using high speed schlieren technique. Direct force measurement is also performed using a single component accelerometer balance. The weakly ionized argon plasma jet has an electron tem perature around 6400K a nd electron number density ~4.9 X10 15 cm -3 . With plasma jet at pressure ratio 72.5 and 1.8 KW supply power the reduction in drag is found to be ~28% (more than its cold jet counter part) although the plasma jet momentum is less than i ts cold jet counter part.