jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A rare cause of the left ventricular outflow tract obstruction: accessory mitral valve tissue (RCD code: IV-1D.2o)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Accessory mitral valve tissue is a rare congenital malformation, which often causes left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction. Patients with accessory MVT and LVOT obstruction have poor exercise tolerance, fatigue, palpitations. The disease is mainly diagnosed in the 1st decade of life, when symptoms occur. Rarely diagnosis is made later, after 20–30 years of life, due to progressive course of the pathology with increasing gradient of LVOT obstruction. In cases of severe LVOT obstruction surgical management is recommended. We report a case of AMVT in young man diagnosed at the age of 31, when LVOT obstruction occurred and exercise intolerance developed. JRCD 2014; 1 (7): 13–16
Hierarchical Set-to-Set Representation for 3-D Cross-Modal Retrieval

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Three-dimensional in-domain retrieval has recently achieved significant success, but 3-D cross-modal retrieval still faces problems and challenges. Existing methods only rely on a simple global feature (GF), which overlooks the local information of complex 3-D objects and the connections between similar local features across complex multimodal instances. To tackle this issue, we propose a hierarchical set-to-set representation (HSR) and a corresponding hierarchical similarity that incorporates global-to-global and local-to-local similarity metrics. Specifically, we employ feature extractors for each modality to learn both GFs and local feature sets. We then project these features into their respective common space and use bilinear pooling to generate compact-set features that maintain the invariant for set-to-set similarity measurement. To facilitate effective hierarchical similarity measurement, we design an operation to combine the GF and the compact-set feature to generate the hierarchical representation for 3-D cross-modal retrieval, which preserves hierarchical similarity measurement. To optimize the framework, we adopt the joint loss functions, including cross-modal center loss (CMCL), mean square loss, and cross-entropy loss, to reduce the cross-modal discrepancy for each instance and minimize the distances between the instances in the same category. Experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on the 3-D cross-modal retrieval task on both ModelNet10 and ModelNet40 datasets.
Role of Helix Thickness in the Field Analysis and Characterisation of the Slow-Wave Structure of a Broadband TWT

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Considering the need to include the helix wire / tape thickness as a parameter of practical relevance in the analysis of a slow-wave structure of a broadband travelling-wave tube, a physical model for the actual helix is proposed in this paper. In this model, which combines the basic features of the two previously developed models for this purpose, the actual helix is replaced by two infinitesimally thin helically conducting sheaths at the inner and mean helix radii, respectively, between which the fields are made to remain constant. The field-analytical results for the phase velocity and impedance characteristics of the structure obtained using this model differ, in general, from those obtained by the previous models but pass on to latter as special cases. The study of the helix thickness effect based on this model shows that the helix becomes increasingly loaded i.e., the phase velocity of the structure decreases, as the envelope is brought closer to the helix, a larger permittivity helix support is used and the helix pitch angle is decreased. The effect is, however, found to be less pronounced for thicker helices. Furthermore, the control of the shape of the dispersion curve by structure parameters, say, to obtain a negative dispersion for a broadband TWT is lost if one increases the helix thickness, though the latter itself becomes a parameter for dispersion control. The effects of varying the structure parameters on its interaction impedance are also studied. The value of the interaction impedance is found to fall with the increase of frequency, however, the rate of fall being reduced for thicker helices. The interaction impedance also decreases with the increase of closeness of the envelope, helix-support permittivity and helix pitch angle. Moreover, the loaded helical structure behaves more like an unloaded structure (helix in free-space) as the helix thickness is increased. Since the helix thickness as a parameter controls the shape of the dispersion characteristics at a reasonably high interaction impedance value of the structure, the parameters could be used as an additional design parameter for wideband travelling-wave tube.
32294: Lockdown and Anxiety

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In 2019, I had a severe mental health crisis, and spent most of the year getting back on my feet. Before lockdown, I was struggling along, but coping, and glad to be able to do more. There were some days I was anxious about leaving the house, but they were getting fewer and fewer. I've been in lockdown following the rules strictly since mid-March, with my two housemates and our two cats. My housemates are very helpful with my anxiety, and understand that my capacity changes rapidly and have learnt how to look after me when I have a panic attack coming on without my asking for help. I barely leave the house, and when I do, there's an edge of uncertainty. All of the energy and brain space that I've gained from not having to walk through central Oxford every day has been replaced by trying to understand the current situation, anxiety about my friends and family, and overwhelm. There's not been the space for me to process things differently. I feel guilty for my capacity with work being so low, but grateful to still have a job at all. My main goal throughout this pandemic is to just keep my head above water, and survive it.
Analysis of upper troposphere trace gases and aerosols measurements over West Africa during summer 2006

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

During the AMMA2006 campaign, aircraft measurements often revealed the presence of polluted air masses with the chemical characteristics of biomass burning plumes in the free troposphere and in the upper troposphere over the Gulf of Guinea. The analyses carried out within the AMMA project suggest that the main emission region is central Africa during the south hemisphere dry season. This study shows the importance of convective uplift by large mesoscale convective systems for the transport of southern biomass burning emissions into the upper troposphere over West Africa. Such a mechanism allows rapid transport of pollutants up to 14 km where they are transported westward by the tropical easterly jet. The latitudinal distribution of the biomass burning plume and its content in CO, CO2 and O3 is determined with observations onboard three aircrafts (D-F20, BAE-146, M55-Geophysica) for a case study during the Monsoon season in 2006 and increased \nconcentrations are found south of 8°N below 600 hPa and around of 5°N at 200 hPa. An analysis of the origin of the air masses sampled during the AMMA campaign and the transport pathways was carried out using the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART and the mesoscale meteorological model BOLAM. The mesoscale model was nudged with cloud top brightness temperatures derived from Meteosat measurements in order to accurately reproduce the position and the life cycle of convective systems over central and western Africa.
Prevalence of odontogenic cysts and tumors: A retrospective clinico-pathological study of 204 cases

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of odontogenic cysts (OCs) and tumors over a period of 5 years and 5 months and to compare with other national and international studies. Materials and Methods: Data for the study were obtained from the reports of patients diagnosed with OCs and tumors between 2007 and 2012. Case records of the patients that fit the histological classification of the World Health Organization (2005) were included in the study and the following variables were analyzed: Age, sex, anatomical location, and histological type. Results: In a total of 1331 biopsies OCs accounted for 9.6% and odontogenic tumors (OTs) 5.7% among all the lesions. Mean age of occurrence was 41.5 years for OCs and 39.5 years for OTs. Of them 57.6% of the patients were males. Most common OC was dentigerous cyst and tumor was ameloblastoma. Conclusion: This study provides epidemiological information on OCs and tumors at an institutional level. The relative frequency of these cysts and tumors can be analyzed at a global level to understand their prevalence, incidence biological behavior, and distribution.
Online training helps basketball federation towards its goals

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose – Observes how the Federazione Italiana Pallacanestro (FIP), the Italian National Basketball Federation, has concluded that increasing emphasis must be placed on training coaches and players. That means implementing innovative training strategies to improve the competitiveness of all those operating in Italian basketball. Design/methodology/approach – Describes the training system adopted, how it is working in practice and the advantages it is expected to bring. Findings – Shows how the Docebo’s Cloud-based, software-as-a-service (SaaS) learning management system (LMS) is currently managing and monitoring the learning records of some 2,000 basketball-related learners throughout Italy. The system is helping the FIP to manage a large number of training projects; allow the FIP’s basketball experts to share their knowledge online – especially with the association’s coaches; and enable the FIP’s managers to constantly monitor all the learners’ training records via the system’s in-built reporting tools. Practical implications – Reveals that while it is still too early to see the evidence of the new training regime’s success in terms of improved on-court international success, there is every indication that more learning materials are reaching more people under the auspices of the FIP than ever before. Social implications – Considers some of the advantages of sportsmanship over gamesmanship. Originality/value – Gives an example of e-learning in the sporting area.
Localities, Natural Resources and Transition in Eastern Europe

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper develops the claim that an emergent 'transition model of development' is resulting in the (re)marginalization of rural localities in post-communist countries. The specific case study of local development in a rural Bulgarian locality, since 1989, illustrates some of the ways in which this new model of development is combining elements of the communist and pre-communist development models alongside incipient market-capitalist relations. Careful attention to issues of'path dependence' (cf. Stark, 1992; Smith and Swain, 1998) proves quite useful for conceptual elaboration of the 'transition model of development'. The important role of the natural environment as the stage for local protest generated by this transition model of development and as the ultimate source of economic surplus is also discussed. In the conclusion some of the broader implications of these findings for the study of post-communist transition are explored.
Time-dependent patterns of recurrence after early stage breast cancer: Preliminary observations and methodological issues

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

536 Background: For patients with lymph node-negative (n0) breast cancer, benefit from adjuvant therapy is established. However, absolute gains are smaller than in node-positive disease and thus more selective use is warranted, prompting development of risk profiling to identify those most (or least) likely to benefit. In addition to defining risk based on recurrence-free status to specific time landmarks, examination of the magnitude and changes in the risk (hazard) of failure over time may be informative. We investigate recurrence hazards in n0 breast cancer. Methods: In a cohort of 9,279 participants from 5 NSABP randomized trials (accrual 1982–1998) investigating cytotoxic chemotherapy (CTX) and tamoxifen (TAM) for n0 breast cancer, we examine recurrence-free survival curves and recurrence hazards over time. The latter presents analytic challenges, because empirical (i.e., nonparametric) estimates are too unstable to provide reliable inference on patterns and do not incorporate covariates, while traditional semi-parametric (i.e., Cox) and parametric survival models are too restrictive to permit hazard changes. We apply flexible extensions of these models to examine and compare time-varying hazard profiles. Results: In patients undergoing surgery only, distinctive recurrence risk patterns between estrogen receptor (ER)-negative (-) and ER- positive (+) patients emerge. We observe an earlier, larger hazard peak in ER- patients, but a more persistent hazard in ER+ patients and a crossover (hazard for ER+ > ER-) occurring around 48 months. Under adjuvant treatment (CTX in ER- and TAM or TAM+CTX in ER+), magnitudes of failure hazards are reduced but other inter-relationships are largely maintained. For example, while TAM decreases the early hazard in ER+ patients to a level comparable to CTX treated ER- disease, in later follow-up (>5 years) the ER+ hazard again exceeds that of ER- patients. Adding CTX to TAM results in hazard reductions in both early and later periods. Conclusions: Examination of recurrence hazards over time with our models reveals changes in risk that may have biologic and therapeutic strategy relevance. The proposed analytic approaches address shortcomings of standard methods and will be developed further. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Superior Labral Anteroposterior Lesions of the Shoulder: Part 2, Mechanisms and Classification

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Superior Labral Anteroposterior Lesions of the Shoulder: Part 2, Mechanisms and ClassificationShahla Modarresi1, Daria Motamedi2 and Cecilia Matilda Jude3Audio Available | Share Claim CME/SAMClaim CME
Inactivation of Viruses by Combination Processes of UV and Chlorine

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Adenoviruses, the most UV resistant microorganism currently known, are posing concerns in UV treated drinking water. To reduce the risk from adenovirus infection, combination processes of UV and chlorination are attractive. Bacteriophage MS2 and adenovirus 5 (AdV5) were used in this study, and inactivated by low-pressure UV (LPUV) lamp, chlorination, sequential processes (UV-Cl2 and Cl2-UV) and a simultaneous process (UV/Cl2). MS2 was more resistant against chlorine than AdV5, and CT values for 2 log reduction of MS2 and AdV5 were 0.77 and 0.033 mg-min/L, respectively. However, AdV5 was more resistant to UV than MS2 and required a 101 mJ/cm2 of fluence for 2 log reduction. Compared to the application of UV or chlorine separately, an increasing trend of MS2 inactivation rate was found in the sequential processes, which was statistically significant (p ‹ 0.05, ANCOVA). The simultaneous process of UV/Cl2 for MS2 provided about 2.3 times higher inactivation rate than a summation of inactivation rates by the separate application of either chlorine or UV, even at the same UV fluence rate and the same initial chlorine concentration. The combination processes of UV and chlorine, either sequential or simultaneous application, seemed to be more effective than a standalone process in viral inactivation.
Synthesis of lactones from fatty acids by ring-closing metathesis and their biological evaluation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The present study involves the synthesis of macrocyclic lactones by the esterification of unsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid, undecenoic acid, and erucic acid) with unsaturated alcohols (allyl alcohol, prop-2-ene-1-ol, oleyl alcohol, and undecenol) followed by a ring closing metathesis reaction employing Grubbs' second generation catalyst (1.0-1.5 mmol). The structure of the compounds was confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, and ESI-Mass spectral studies. The antibacterial activity of the synthesised lactones was evaluated. The larger ring-sized lactone, namely, erucic acid lactone, exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against three bacterial cell lines, namely, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Bacillus subtilis. Undecenoic acid-based lactones exhibited excellent antibacterial activity selectively against only Staphylococcus epidermidis. The assay of macrolactones for their in vitro anticancer activity was carried out by MTT for different cancer cell lines, namely, human prostate epithelial cancer cells (ATCC HTB-81), HepG2 derived from hepatic cancer cells (ATCC HB-8065), SKOV3 derived from human ovarian cancer cells (ATCC HTB-77), MDAMB-231 derived from human breast cancer cells (ATCC HTB-26) and Chinese hamster ovarian (CHO-K1) cell lines. The molecules selectively exhibited anticancer activity against Chinese hamster ovarian (CHO-K1) cell lines. Among macrolactones, (E)-oxacyclotridec-11-en-2-one (MALUN) was more active and its activity was much higher compared to others and on par with the reference standard Mitomycin C. This was followed by (E)-oxacyclotricos-14-en-2-one (MOLER) and (E)-oxacyclononadec-10-en-2-one (MOLOH). The fatty acid-based cyclic lactones with selective antibacterial and anticancer activities can be further explored for a variety of pharmaceutical formulations.
Why this Study is Needed, and Why it is Needed Now (from John, Jesus, and History, vol. 1)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Few scholarly developments have been an interesting as the modernistic dehistoricization of John and the de-Johannification of Jesus. To a certain degree, each of these trends has bolstered the other, and the assertion of many a scholar claiming the authoritative weight of critical and scientific study is that the one thing we know for sure is actually two: the Fourth Gospel is of no historical value, and historical Jesus research must be performed untainted by any Johannine influence. The question is the degree to which either of these assertions is true, a solid platform upon which to base the frameworks of further studies.
A Spanish Learning Grammar

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A Spanish Learning Grammar, Third Edition , is an innovative reference grammar and workbook suitable for you, whether you are studying Spanish at intermediate or advanced level.Its straightforward explanations of grammar are supported by examples with contemporary vocabulary, humorous cartoon drawings, and plentiful, varied exercises, helping you to grasp often complex points of grammar in an enjoyable way. Its carefully devised two-part structure mirrors the learning process, allowing you to focus on core knowledge first and enabling you to progress confidently to more advanced knowledge at your own pace.Key features for this third edition include: New drawings which illustrate grammar through real-life scenarios New vocabulary bringing you up-to-date with Spanish in the digital agRe-ordering of the section on verbs, making the tenses easier for you to findOnline interactive exercises with audio answers, providing you with invaluable listening and pronunciation practice. To aid your understanding, this third edition also contains a glossary of grammatical terms, useful verb tables and a key to the exercises.Written in the belief that grammar is the key to real communication, this is an essential textbook for any student of Spanish.
Design of a novel image block encryption algorithm based on chaotic systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a novel image block encryption algorithm based on three-dimensional Chen chaotic dynamical system is proposed. The algorithm works on 32-bit image blocks with a 192-bit secret key. The main idea is that the key is employed to drive the Chen's system to generate a chaotic sequence that is inputted to a specially designed function G, in which we use new 8 times 8 S-boxes generated by chaotic maps in. Function G is iteratively performed several times and its last outputs serve as the keystreams to encrypt the original image block. The design of the encryption algorithm is described in detail, along with the security analyses including key space analysis, correlation analysis of two adjacent pixels and analysis of diffusion and confusion. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm has some good desirable cryptography properties and it can be easily used to realize the security cryptosystems over the Internet.
Laboratory Test Methods to Measure Repellency, Retention, and Penetration of Liquid Pesticides Through Protective Clothing. Part I: Comparison of Three Test Methods

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In the last three decades, different test methods have been used to assess the level of protection provided by various textile materials against liquid pesticide penetration. Of these, the ISO 6350/EN368 gutter test is currently used to screen garment materials for certification of type 6 personal protective equipment (PPE) in Europe. The atomizer test method developed in Germany is used to evaluate the performance of PPE marketed there. In addition, a pipette method is being proposed as an American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) test method in the United States. This study compares the three test methods and determines the suitability of these methods for screening protective clothing materials against liquid pesticides. Six fabrics selected to represent the woven and nonwoven fabrics used while handling and spraying pesticides are contaminated with dilute pesticide formulations following the three test methods. Repellency, pesticide retention, and penetration characteristics of the test materials are measured. The results indicate that the evaluation of fabric performance is affected by the test method.
The Survival Experience of Older and Younger Adults with AIDS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Older people with HIV infection die faster than younger counterparts, but it is notknown whether age-associated survival is changing over time. The authors used theCenters for Disease Control data set of adult cases of AIDS reported from January 1,1981, to December 31, 1994, to study age-associated differences in survival by yearof diagnosis. A total of 433,354 adults with AIDS were reported during this interval.Of these, 10.3% were younger than age 50. In 1983-1984, median survival for olderand younger people was 153 versus 274 days, respectively. By 1991-1992, mediansurvival had improved for both groups-396 and 731 days, respectively. However,the relative and absolute gap in survival grew. While a substantially larger proportionof older adults died within 90 days of diagnosis, the overall trend of an increasingage-associated gap in survival remained when these were excluded from the analysis.Older and younger people with AIDS have achieved prolonged survival, but theage-associated gap in survival has grown.