jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
MRdb: a comprehensive database of univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization with large-scale GWAS summary data

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Recent advancements highlight the importance of large-scale causal inference in elucidating disease mechanisms and guiding public health strategies. Mendelian randomization (MR) has become a cornerstone method for identifying causal relationships by leveraging genetic variants as instrumental variables. However, existing tools lack flexibility for multivariable analyses and fail to integrate diverse datasets effectively. To address these challenges, we introduce MRdb, a comprehensive database designed for conducting both univariable and multivariable MR analyses. MRdb encompasses 12 distinct categories of exposure data, including but not limited to 19 126 expression quantitative trait loci genes, 4907 plasma proteins, and 1400 plasma metabolites. Additionally, it integrates 48 507 disease outcomes sourced from FinnGen R10 and the IEU Open GWAS Project. MRdb offers robust data preprocessing features, including handling missing statistics, harmonizing datasets, and selecting instrumental variables to ensure high-quality analyses. Collectively, MRdb bridges the gaps in existing tools by integrating diverse datasets with user-friendly functionalities, empowering researchers to explore complex causal mechanisms.
WMRPS - a novel framework for wireless packet fair queuing algorithms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The presence of location-dependent and burst errors in wireless networks introduces difficulties in developing packet fair queuing (PFQ) algorithms for wireless networks. We introduce a new theoretical model to build PFQ algorithms for both wired and wireless networks and an algorithm to approximate the proposed model. The proposed model has some advantages in its application to wireless networks: self-detection of the session state and self-compensation. The proposed algorithm provides all expected characteristics of wireless PFQ: short-term fairness to error-free flows and long-term fairness to error-bounded flows; short-term throughput bounds to error-free flows and long-term throughput bounds to error-bounded flows; delay bounds to error-free flows; graceful service compensation and degradation. The algorithm is called WMRPS, wireless modified rate proportional server, based on the rate proportional server of D. Stiliadis and A. Varma (see IEEE/ACM Trans. on Networking, vol.6, no.2, 1998).
Dreamers as agents making strategizing efforts exemplify core aggregate of executive function in non-lucid dreaming

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The study of higher-order cognition in dreaming was guided by the question “What are the scope and purpose of thinking/strategizing efforts as one of three previously identified direct mental problem-solving modalities (Kozmová, 2008; 2012) that some dreamers are capable of using to resolve the novelties of felt-need situations encountered during non-lucid dreaming?” The research utilized previously articulated thought processes of a multilayered nocturnal problem-solving phenomenon that emerged from analysis of archived cross-cultural dreams (Kozmová, 2008). The results, in the form of taxonomy of delimited higher-order thought executive processes analyzed by the method of grounded theory, describe core aggregate of executive function that consists of eight types of executive thought processes: (a) analytical, (b) decision-making, (c) defense mechanisms, (d) evaluative, (e) goal-oriented/goal-directed, (f) interpretative, (g) motivational, and (h) self-determinative. The subsequent substantive grounded theory proposes four purposes for dreamers’ demonstration of strategizing efforts within the scope of higher-order cognitive skills: (a) information gathering; (b) judgment; (c) protection and maximizing chances for success; and (d) exercising volition, agency, and autonomy. The future application of core aggregate of executive function in non-lucid dreaming includes research of neural correlates that could support this function during sleep.
Adjustment of numerical models for gamma-ray spectra of samples when subtracting spectra of matrix elements in neutron activation analysis

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Approaches to adjustment of numerical models for gamma-ray spectra of matrix elements are considered. These approaches are aimed at (1) the elimination of the substrate effect in the preparation of the initial spectra of individual elements, (2) the energy calibration of spectra, (3) the improvement of agreement between model and actually observed spectra using the comparison test for peak amplitudes of matrix elements, and (4) special processing of the spectra obtained after the subtraction of matrix elements in the test samples. The adjustment allows the contribution of matrix elements to be more precisely subtracted from the spectra of the samples under study. Thus, additional analytical lines are obtained for some elements, and detection limits are lowered for the majority of lines produced by the standard method of spectrum processing. This extends the potential of neutron activation analysis in solving scientific and practical problems.
Xanthomonas cassavae . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas cassavae . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Manihot esculenta ( Euphorbiaceae ); by artificial inoculation: Euphorbia pulcherrima ( Euphorbiaceae ). DISEASE: Cassava leaf spot or bacterial necrosis. Angular leaf spots extend along veins but generally do not develop into blight. Spots age, turn dark brown and are surrounded by a yellow halo. Exudate is frequently produced. On stems, dark green point lesions develop slowly up to 1 cm diam. Lytic pockets generally develop under lesions in the cortex. Lateral extension can lead to girdling and tip dieback. Secondary colonization by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides [Glomerella cingulata] is frequently observed. Systemic infection and vascular browning are absent or very restricted. Entry into the host is through natural openings (stomata) or epidermal wounds, which can be caused (especially on the stem) by sand particles or small grains of gravel thrown up by the strong winds which precede the first rains. The optimum temperature for disease development is 25°C. Disease mainly occurs above altitudes of 800 m. There is evidence that disease severity is linked to poor plant nutrition. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Burundi, Congo Democratic Republic, Kenya, Malawi, Niger, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire. SOUTH AMERICA: Colombia. TRANSMISSION: Long distance spread is restricted. Symptomless cuttings taken from diseased plants were unable to demonstrate propagation. Rapid disease development under favourable climatic conditions suggests a symptomless epiphytic phase on the host itself or on a plant other than cassava. In the field, dispersal is by wind and rain.
Fipronil induces lung inflammation in vivo and cell death in vitro

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Fipronil is an insecticide that acts at the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor and glutamate-gated chloride channels in the central nervous systems of target organisms. The use of fipronil is increasing across the globe. Presently, very little data exist on the potential impact of exposure to fipronil on the lungs.We studied effects of intranasal (N = 8) and oral (N = 8) treatment with fipronil (10 mg/kg) on lungs of mice. Control mice were given groundnut oil orally (N = 7) or ethanol intranasally (N = 7) as these were the vehicles for respective treatments.Hematoxylin-eosin stained lung sections showed normal histology in the control lungs compared to the thickened alveolar septa, disruption of the airways epithelium and damage to vascular endothelium in the intranasal and the oral groups. Mice exposed to fipronil either orally or intranasally showed increased von Willebrand factor staining in the endothelium and septal capillaries. Compared to the control mice, TLR4 expression in airway epithelium was increased in mice treated intranasally but not orally with fipronil. Oral fipronil reduced TLR9 staining in the airway epithelium but intranasal exposure caused intense staining in the alveolar septa and airway epithelium. There were higher numbers of TLR4 positive cells in alveolar septa in lungs of mice treated intranasally (P = 0.010) compared to the respective control and orally treated mice but no significant differences between treatments for TLR9 positive stained cells (P = 0.226). The U937 macrophage cells exposed to fipronil at concentrations of 0.29 μm to 5.72 μm/ml over 3- or 24-hour showed significant increase in cell death at higher concentrations of fipronil (P < 0.0001). Western blots revealed no effect of fipronil on TLR4 (P = 0.49) or TLR9 (P = 0.94) expression on macrophage cell line.While both oral or intranasal fipronil treatments induced signs of lung inflammation, the number TLR4-positive septal cells was increased only following intranasal treatment. Fipronil causes macrophage cell death without altering TLR4 and TLR9 expression in vitro.
NonenzymaticGlycationof ImmunoglobulinsDoes Not ImpairAntigen-AntibodyBinding

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

We glycated immunoglobulins from commercial kits de-signed to measure human ferritin, thyrotropin, and transfer-nn, and compared the calibration curves for assays utilizing glycated antibodies with those of assays utilizing non-glycat-ed antibodies. Glycation was verified by borate affinity chro-matography and assay with thiobarbitunc acid reagent. We found no evidence that antigen-antibody binding is impaired by nonenzymatic glycation of antibodies. Our results provide no evidence in support of the supposition that glycation may be a contributory factor in the decreased resistance of diabetics to infection. Diabetics have impaired resistance to infection. Some causes for this are known, such as impaired granulocyte and lymphocyte function (1), but the underlying mechanism is not understood. Nonenzymatic glycation of immunoglob-
67 Ga-Citrate Scintigraphy: An Early Diagnostic Aid in Occult Neoplasm

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A patient presenting with a classical clinical picture of dermatomyositis displayed abnormal 67Ga localization in the mediastinum during search for an occult neoplasm. The 67Ga-citrate abnormality was demonstrated at least eight weeks before repeated tomograms of the chest revealed presence of a mass lesion in the mediastinum. This was confirmed by mediastinal biopsy to be an undifferentiated carcinoma of the oat cell type. The usefulness of 67Ga-citrate scintigraphy as an early sensitive and non-invasive diagnostic aid was again demonstrated.
The Making of a New Working Class? A Study of Collective Actions of Migrant Workers in South China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In this study, we argue that the specific process of the proletarianization of Chinese migrant workers contributes to the recent rise of labour protests. Most of the collective actions involve workers' conflict with management at the point of production, while simultaneously entailing labour organizing in dormitories and communities. The type of living space, including workers' dormitories and migrant communities, facilitates collective actions organized not only on bases of locality, ethnicity, gender and peer alliance in a single workplace, but also on attempts to nurture workers' solidarity in a broader sense of a labour oppositional force moving beyond exclusive networks and ties, sometimes even involving cross-factory strike tactics. These collective actions are mostly interest-based, accompanied by a strong anti-foreign capital sentiment and a discourse of workers' rights. By providing detailed cases of workers' strikes in 2004 and 2007, we suggest that the making of a new working class is increasingly conscious of and participating in interest-based or class-oriented labour protests.
High-Efficiency\nand Ultra-Stable Cesium–Bismuth-Based\nLead-free Perovskite Solar Cells without Modification

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become a new photovoltaic\ntechnology\nwith great commercial potential because of their excellent photovoltaic\nperformance. However, the toxicity and poor environmental stability\nof Pb in Pb-based perovskites limit its large-scale application. Exploring\nalternatives to Pb is an available approach to develop environmentally\nfriendly PSCs. As an adjacent element of Pb, Bi shows many similar\nphysical and chemical properties; therefore, it is commonly applied\nfor B site substitution in Pb-based PSCs. CsBiSCl<sub>2</sub>, a new\nPb-free perovskite system, was synthesized for the first time as a\nlight absorber. By preparing DMABiS<sub>2</sub> as an intermediate,\nCs–Bi-based CsBiSCl<sub>2</sub> perovskite films with a band\ngap over 2.012 eV were prepared by introducing CsCl, and the optimal\nannealing temperature, time, and stoichiometric ratio of the film\nwere explored in this work. The conventional structure of CsBiSCl<sub>2</sub> PSCs achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.38%,\nand the efficiency declined by only 3% after aging in air for 150\ndays, showing excellent stability, which is one of the most stable\ndevices in inorganic PSCs. This work opens up a new road for the future\ndevelopment of environmentally friendly and commercially stable lead-free\nPSCs.
Defect analysis in thermal nanoimprint lithography

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The fracture defect of the polymer in thermal nanoimprint lithography is studied based on numerical simulation and experiments. Hot pressing, cooling, and releasing steps in nanoimprint lithography are investigated in detail by a numerical simulation study. The applied pressure after the polymer deformation below the glass transition temperature will induce a stress concentration at the corner of the polymer pattern. On the other hand, the difference of the thermal expansion coefficients between the mold and the substrate causes lateral strain, and the strain is concentrated at the corner of the pattern. These strains induce defects and cause fracture defects at the base part of the pattern during the mold releasing step. To eliminate the defects, the applied pressure is released below the glass transition temperature, and slow cooling is introduced to relax the stress concentration. The result shows successful fabrication of fine patterns with a high aspect ratio.
Improvement of Genetic Algorithm for Classifying SNP Fragments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Reconstructing haplotype in MEC (Minimum Error Correction) model is an important clustering problem which focuses on inferring two haplotypes from SNP fragments (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) containing gaps and errors. Mutated form of human genome is responsible for genetic diseases which mostly occur in SNP sites. In this paper, genetic algorithm (GA) is considered as a classifier of diploid genomes. New encoding approach is used to improve GA efficiency. In the previous approach of GA based on reconstruction rate, all bits of chromosome considered as cluster state of SNP-fragments. In our proposed method the value of the final haplotypes is based on the centers of SNP fragments clusters. Finally, these two approaches are executed on four standard datasets (ACE, Daly, SIM0 and SIM50) and the results show the efficiency of our proposed approach.
Study on the effect of fiber tension on the tensile properties of CAF/PA12 composites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The lack of fiber restraint during the preparation of continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic resin composite filaments makes the fibers inside the composite filaments prone to curl and deflection, which affects the mechanical properties of the composites. This study aimed to investigate the impact of fiber tension on the tensile properties of continuous aramid fiber (CAF) /nylon 12(PA12) resin composite filaments and molded parts. Tensile properties experiments of tensile specimens were conducted in conjunction with acoustic emission (AE) instruments and computed tomography (CT). The results showed that the tensile properties of the CAF/PA12 composite filament and its specimens rose first with the increasing of fiber tension during the filament preparation and then fell. The tensile strength of the CAF/PA12 composite filament reached the maximum value of 1272.05 MPa at the fiber tension of 3 N, which was about 15.92% higher than that without fiber tension, the maximum tensile breaking load of the tensile specimens is 15.31kN, which is about 16.47% higher than that without fiber tension. Using AE to collect the energy signal during the damage process. It is observed that the medium energy signal appears lagged when the fiber tension is too high, when there is a hysteresis in the medium energy signal, which means that the strength of the interfacial bond between the fiber and the resin is increased. CT scans of the composite filaments prepared at different fiber tensions revealed that when the fiber tension increased from 0N to 3N, the bent fibers inside the filaments decreased and the fiber orientation coefficient increased; when the fiber tension was further increased to 5N, some fibers broke and more pores appeared inside the filaments.
Logistic Aspects of Barriers to Market Entry and Exit

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

If one associates the scope of logistics with widely understood logistic competition, looking at logistics through the prism of enterprises competition factor and hence the factor which influences the market, one may also easily find the essential role of logistics in methodological approach concerning the shaping of the market and referring to the assumptions of new industrial economics – the approach that stresses the so‑called dynamics in market structures and is connected with market entries and exits (the mobility of market players) as well as with power and domination in the market, problems of appearing and disappearing of the businesses (businesses demography) other than competition between the forms of market coordination. This paper focuses on one of the most fundamental areas of new industrial economics, such as market entries and exits and barriers to them, which may be of logistic type. That is why the purpose of this article is to identify and characterise logistic barriers to market entries and exists. The paper is based on critical analysis, system analysis and hermeneutic methods. If one associates the scope of logistics with widely understood logistic competition, looking at logistics through the prism of enterprises competition factor and hence the factor which influences the market, one may also easily find the essential role of logistics in methodological approach concerning the shaping of the market and referring to the assumptions of new industrial economics – the approach that stresses the so‑called dynamics in market structures and is connected with market entries and exits (the mobility of market players) as well as with power and domination in the market, problems of appearing and disappearing of the businesses (businesses demography) other than competition between the forms of market coordination. This paper focuses on one of the most fundamental areas of new industrial economics, such as market entries and exits and barriers to them, which may be of logistic type. That is why the purpose of this article is to identify and characterise logistic barriers to market entries and exists. The paper is based on critical analysis, system analysis and hermeneutic methods.
D2 lymphadenectomy with para-aortic sampling improves lymph node staging for gastric cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: An important aspect dealing with gastric cancer is the role of lymphadenectomy in gastric cancer staging. AIM: To verify if lymphadenectomy with stations separation increases the number of dissected lymph nodes and establish comparison between TNM 2002 and JGCA 1998 evaluating lymph nodal status (N). METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of the patients that underwent curative gastrectomy and D2 dissections for adenocarcinoma between 2004 and 2006. Between January of 2004 and June of 2005 (group 1), lymphadenectomy was performed en-bloc with gastrectomy and only TNM system was used. After June of 2005 (group 2), the surgeon himself dissected lymph nodal stations, allowing use of TNM and JGCA systems. Studied aspects were age, Borrmann classification, histological grade, venous or lymphatic invasion, depth of invasion, peritoneal cytology and type of gastrectomy. End points were number of dissected lymph nodes, number of positive lymph nodes and agreement between staging systems. Chi-square test and T-test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: One hundred forty-five gastrectomies were performed, 76 in group 1 and 69 in group 2. In group 1, mean age was of 61 years and 59 years in group 2 (P=0,12). Eighty per cent of tumors were advanced in both groups. Venous or lymphatic invasion and positive peritoneal cytology were more frequent in group 1, 65.6% vs 35,3% (P= 0,001) e 13.9% vs 3.1% (P=0,03), respectively. Borrmann classification, histological grade, Lauren classification and type of gastrectomy were not different between the groups. In group 1, mean number of lymph nodes was 32,7 and 37,35 in group 2 (P= 0,09). Rates of positive lymph nodes in groups 1 and 2 were 72.2% and 53%, respectively (P= 0,02). Migration analysis of lymph node status (N) realized only in group 2 (69 patients) showed agreement between TNM and JGCA in 50 patients (72,5%). Using JGCA system, modification in 19 patients occurred (27,5%), with upstaging in 13 (18,8%) and downstaging in six (8,7%). CONCLUSION: In this study, a tendency of increase in number of lymph nodes was verified when the surgeon himself dissected lymph nodal stations. JGCA system modified the lymph nodal staging in comparison to TNM system in 30% of all cases.
Praluent (alirokumab).

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

PCSK9 inhibitors (inhibitors of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) offer a promising treatment strategy decreasing the concentrations of both atherogenic low density lipoprotein (LDL) and cholesterol contained within LDL. Alirocumab is one of two PCSK9 inhibitors that entered clinical practice so far. Alirocumab is a specific antibody against PCSK9, manufactured using recombinant technique. When the antibody binds to the PCSK9 isoenzyme, no complex encompassing PCSK9 and LDL receptor can be formed, thus enabling further recirculation of the LDL receptor. Increasing the amount of LDL receptors available on the cell membranes leads to higher internalization of LDL within cells and to lowering of LDL cholesterol concentration. It has been shown that alirocumab exerts favorable effect on atherogenic lipoproteins (i.e. decrease of concentrations of LDL cholesterol by more than 50%) both in monotherapy and in combination with statins or other hypolipidemics. Odyssey Outcomes study brought new information into light and changed the guidelines of treating the patients with cardivascular diseases. Alirokumab added to intensive statin therapy reduced significantly the risk of cardiovascular diseases and the post hoc analysis confirmed also the reduction of total death rate. The positive effect of alirocumab is higher in patients with higher initial LDL-C. The therapy with alirokumab is safe, with minimum adverse events.