jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Real option valuation of flexibilities in the integrated planning of natural gas-fired distributed generators and natural gas distribution system

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a framework for evaluating flexibilities and options that accompany staged investment in energy systems such as distributed electric power generators and natural gas distribution network. The timing options of investments in the electric and natural gas systems are first determined by solving a joint long-term energy system planning problem in the presence of uncertain electric power demand. A cumulative real options analysis is then carried out on the timing options presented by the multi-stage joint planning solutions. The value of flexibilities and options are illustrated by testing suggested planning approach on a modified 9-bus distribution text system.
Strengthening of Water Glass Based Aerogel by TEOS

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In order to prevent the irreversible collapse of the silica aerogel backbone upon the drying of the liquid phase of silica wet gel derived from water glass based silicic acid, we tried to strengthen the aerogel back bone by aging silica wet gels in water and TEOS/ethanol solutions. Although aging of silica wet gels in water has been shown to grow the neck between silica particles of the aerogel backbone, it is hard to obtain a crack-free aerogel monolith. On the other hand, the mechanical stability of silica aerogels was improved significantly by aging the wet gel in TEOS/ethanol solutions with different TEOS content.
Developing the skills

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract A central theme of this book is the message that skill in interviewing is essentially a product of professional learning, rather than an innate ability that some possess from birth, but others lack. It is sometimes claimed that students should be selected for admission to medical schools partly on the basis of their ability to communicate, that only ‘outgoing’ personalities should be accepted, in the hope that all doctors would, almost automatically, turn out to be good communicators. Perhaps some form of personality and aptitude testing might be a fruitful part of the selection process, rather than reliance solely on the student’s ability to score well in a narrow range of science subjects in school qualifying exams. However, given the range of careers a medical graduate may pursue—in clinical, administrative, laboratory, investigative, or military medicine, for example—it would be difficult to specify the particular qualities to be required in every entrant. In all these fields communication skills are of great value, even though the doctors concerned may not be in day-to-day contact with patients.
151. IN VIVO MRI TO EXPLORE THE PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT OF THE JOURNEY® TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose of the study: Kinetic studies of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in vivo have provided divergent data but have agreed on one point: knee kinetics is abnormal after TKA. Restitution of a normal kinetics is thus the goal to reach to improve functional outcome after TKA. The Journey® TKA is specifically designed to induce automatic medial rotation of the tibia during flexion. This would align the extensor system during flexion and would reduce mediolateral shear forces applied to the patellofemoral joint. Fluoroscopic dynamic studies have been conducted in vivo to confirm the reality of the femorotibal kinematics but to date there has been no study of the patellofemoral kinematics. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for exploring the knee. The important artefacts caused by metal implants made of chromium-cobalt alloys make it difficult or impossible to interpret the images in patients with TKA. Oxinium® implants are weakly ferromagnetic, allowing the development of a specific MRI sequence which can be used to explore a TKA.

Material and methods: We used this technique in vivo for a 3D exploration of the patellofemoral kinematics of six Jouney® TKA in comparison with five Genesis II® TKA with preservation of the posterior cruciate ligament and with 13 normal knees. We analysed: patellofemoral surface area of contact, patellar translation and shift during weight-bearing flexion.

Results: The results showed that the patellofemoral kinematics of the Journey® TKA are close to that observed in normal knees and that the patellofemoral pressures of the posterior cruciate ligament TKA are significantly higher than with the Journey® TKA.

Discussion: These findings confirm our initial hypothesis and allow hop for better functional outcome and reduced wear of the patellar implant with the Journey® TKA.
Functional Nervous Disorders in French and British Medical Writings: 1866–1886

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Most non-malignant chronic pain is medically unexplained. But that has not stopped doctors from trying. These improvisations at the limit of medical knowledge offer a way into the history of neurosis. Lesionless pain was a paradigmatic problem of clinical method after 1800. It was central to the emergence of neuralgia, spinal irritation, surgical hysteria, railway spine and hysterical conversion. Evidence of a nineteenth-century tradition of theoretical discussion about the relationship between chronic pain and pathological lesion, trauma, mood, memory and personality is brought together here for the first time. A wide range of medical texts is surveyed, including pathology, surgery, physiology, neurology, psychiatry and psychoanalysis. We see the medical gaze first penetrate the tissues of the body then extend to examine the language and mental state of the pain patient. This history of chronic pain should be of interest to medical historians, pain clinicians, liaison psychiatrists, clinical psychologists and psychotherapists.
Functional variations of organic cation transporters associated to inflammatory bowel disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Polymorphisms in organic cation transporters SLC22A4, SLC22A23 and IBD5 locus have been associated with pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We sought to investigate the association of polymorphisms in these genes to IBD risk in a Canadian population, subclone and express human SLC22A23 gene to determine the localization in the cell. DNA samples from 160 patients with Crohn´s disease (CD), 149 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 142 healthy controls were genotyped by PCR-RFLP analysis or TaqMan system. Gateway® recombination technology was used to transform and express SLC22A23 gene in HEK 293 cell line. Polymorphisms in the IBD5 locus rs17622208-AA genotype and rs11739135-CC genotype increase the risk of CD. Moreover, carriers of SLC22A23 polymorphisms rs4959235-TT genotype and rs9503518-GG genotype increase dramatically the risk of UC. We confirm that SLC22A23 polymorphisms are important in the pathogenesis of IBD and they can ultimately be used as biomarkers of the disease risk.
[Neuroleptic malignant syndrome with rhabdomyolysis and muscle rupture].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report a case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) development after the ingestion of 960 mg of haloperidol in 18-year old male on the previous long-term neuroleptic treatment. Beside the severe rigidity and laboratory signs of rhabdomyolysis, firm swelling of gluteal and femoral areas, accompanied by pain and difficulty in the extension of the right leg, was noticed. The ultrasonography of the affected limb revealed partial rupture of quadriceps muscle. Since no signs of trauma or any other causes of muscle rupture were observed, we concluded that it developed due to the severe hypertonia and rhabdomyolysis in NMS. As there were no such cases previously reported, we wished to point out the possibility of muscle rupture development in NMS and propose the adequate diagnostic procedures and treatment.
Use of acoustic cues in the perception of complex syllable structure

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examines second/foreign language learners’ (L2ers’) use of acoustic cues in the perception of syllable structure (onset clusters) that does not exist in the native language (L1, here, Korean). It investigates whether the target-like perception of syllable structure is facilitated by VOT ([stɪn] vs [sətɪn]) and partial devoicing of the liquid ([plim] vs [pəlim]) as compared to when either cue is absent ([blint] vs [bəlint]). This study also examined whether production errors can be predicted by perception errors. Twelve Korean-speaking English L2ers and 12 native English speakers completed AXB and production tasks in which they listened to and produced nonce words in the above three conditions. The AXB results showed significant effects of L1 and condition, but no interaction between the two. Participants were most accurate on the condition with VOT (English: 98%, Korean: 85%), followed by partial devoicing of the liquid (English: 96%, Korean: 79%) and without either cue (English: 94%, Korean: 74%). L2ers’ perception and production patterned alike, but no correlation was found between the two. These findings suggest that acoustic cues like VOT and partial devoicing of the liquid facilitate L2ers’ perception of new syllable structure, but do not play a direct role in its production.
Differentiating Neurodegenerative Disease From Compressive Cervical Myelopathy Using Motor-Evoked Potentials

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Study Design. A retrospective case-control study. Objective. To differentiate neurodegenerative diseases from compressive cervical myelopathy (CCM) using motor-evoked potentials (MEPs). Summary of Background Data. When considering surgery for CCM, it may be necessary to differentiate the condition from a neurodegenerative disease. Materials and Methods. A total of 30 healthy volunteers, 52 typical CCM patients with single-level compression of the spinal cord at C4-5 or C5-6, 7 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and 12 patients with demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, including 11 patients with multiple sclerosis and 1 patient with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, formed our study population. MEPs were recorded from the bilateral abductor digiti minimi (ADM) and abductor hallucis (AH) muscles using transcranial magnetic stimulation and electrical stimulation of the ulnar and tibial nerves. Central motor conduction time, peripheral conduction time, amplitude of MEPs, and frequency of F waves were evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the cutoff value for distinguishing between CCM and ALS. Results. Significant differences were observed in the amplitude of MEPs and frequency of F waves evoked by peripheral nerve stimulation between patients with CCM and ALS. The MEP amplitude of AH was more accurate in differentiating between the two diseases compared with ADM (cutoff value, 11.2 mV, sensitivity, 87.5%; specificity, 85.7%). All 7 patients with ALS showed reduced frequency of F waves from ADM or AH, but none of the healthy volunteers or patients with other diseases demonstrated this finding. Moreover, there were no significant differences between CCM and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system in any of the assessments. Conclusion. The amplitude of MEPs and frequency of F waves evoked by peripheral nerve stimulation could be helpful in differentiating ALS from CCM.
Acute rheumatic fever: a 10 year perspective

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<sec><st>Aims</st> To delineate the pattern of presentation of children with acute rheumatic fever (ARF) who were screened at a tertiary cardiology referral centre over a 10 year period. </sec> <sec><st>Methods</st> We identified cases using the cardiology HEARTSUITE database in addition to the hospital coding department. A total of 119 patients were identified and their database clinic letters screened. Of these 4 patients were too old at presentation and 43 were not ARF. We then looked at the hospital records for the remaining 72 patients and recorded demographic data, mode of presentation, diagnostic features, treatment and outcome at follow up. We analysed the results using Microsoft EXCEL software. </sec> <sec><st>Results</st> Of the 72 patients, on closer inspection 18 were deemed not to be ARF, 12 were ARF not strictly meeting the revised modified Jones criteria (1992) and 42 were ARF meeting the criteria. Of the definite ARF, the mean age at presentation was 13 with a range of 3 to 16 years. The number of cases per year increased with time. At presentation 60% of cases had chorea and when screened 80% of children had abnormalities on echocardiogram. Almost all children had prophylactic penicillin and the treatment most used for chorea was sodium valproate. Two children required valve surgery soon after presentation. Over 75% of those followed up had complete resolution of symptoms after a year and the majority of symptoms that persisted were due to cardiac involvement. </sec> <sec><st>Conclusion</st> This study suggests there may be a resurgence of this rare but potentially disabling disease. It highlights variations in presentation when compared to the literature. We propose to undertake a national surveillance study to look at the current presentation of acute rheumatic fever in the United Kingdom. </sec>
Ayodhya and the Politics of India's Secularism: A Double-Standards Discourse

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Research Article| July 01 1993 Ayodhya and the Politics of India's Secularism: A Double-Standards Discourse Ramesh Thakur Ramesh Thakur Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Asian Survey (1993) 33 (7): 645–664. https://doi.org/10.2307/2645353 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Ramesh Thakur; Ayodhya and the Politics of India's Secularism: A Double-Standards Discourse. Asian Survey 1 July 1993; 33 (7): 645–664. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2645353 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAsian Survey Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1993 The Regents of the University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Research on the Spatial Variability of Soil Nutrients Prediction Based on GIS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Soil is a necessary nutrition library of crop growth, its nutrient spatial variability exists the whole crop growth period with the characteristics of long and complex, so the spatial variability of soil nutrient prediction is one of the hot research problems to be urgently solved in precision agriculture. This paper first introduces GIS and statistical analysis organic combination of research method and model, on the basis of this, based on GIS spatial data level of analysis and point-line-side buffer, we will accurate analysis of point-line-sides mutation interval through the variation Euclidean distance and distance weighting interpolation method. Finally through the comparison of mean value and T test, we can predict the approximate interval of soil nutrients spatial variability, to a certain extent, it can provide theory and technology support for the scientific prediction of soil nutrients spatial variability.
Waiting lists in Spanish public hospitals: a system dynamics approach

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Long waiting lists is one of the major problems faced by the Spanish National Health Service. As a result of the political and social concern generated by the long periods of time patients have to wait to receive medical care, policies have been designed in order to shorten or even eliminate these lists. Since most of the research work analyzing waiting lists in Spain, has up to now, been based on Queuing Theory, we considered building a simulation model in order to improve our understanding of how waiting lists behave over time and to analyze the long-term effectiveness of the policies commonly used when managing them. This simulation model includes the policies currently in practice (subcontracting activities to public and privately owned hospitals, the so-called “special programs”, waiting list updating or revision) and some new proposals (capacity investment decision and staggering of the vacation periods). Simulation with the model enables us to make some recommendations as to the usefulness and the long-term impact of these policies. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strengthening transformation research and promoting scientific supervision of drug-induced liver injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the main reason for the failure of new drug research and development before marketing, warning increase post-marketing and withdrawal from the market, which is an important part of drug safety monitoring. It is very important for scientific supervision and clinical practice to pay attention to the liver safety of drugs and carry out corresponding transformation research. The premise of scientific supervision for DILI is to have a comprehensive understanding for its mechanism, risk factors, clinical diagnosis and evaluation, prediction for prognosis, effective interventions and overall assessment for risk/benefit. The mechanism of DILI is related to many links such as drug metabolism, hepatocyte death mechanism, signal transduction pathway, mitochondrial function damage, immune damage, genetic and environmental factors, and etc. For some drugs, combined detection of protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 and human leukocyte antigen is expected to be an important method to screen the high-risk population of DILI. Due to the lack of specific diagnostic markers, the diagnosis of DILI is facing challenges. The complex clinical phenotype of DILI also makes diagnosis more difficult. European and American countries have set up a special cooperative network of DILI, in which DILI patients were prospectively entered for follow-up and biological sample database were established, effectively promoting the research progress in DILI field. The Hepatox network platform (www.hepatox.org) established specially for DILI in China has been launched and more than 30 000 real world databases on DILI patients have been established, which lays a good foundation for subsequent transformation research.

Key words:
Chemical and drug induced liver injury; Organization and administration; Translational medical research
Concepts and metrics of clinician attention: a scoping review protocol

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction There is growing emphasis on the importance of both the cognitive and behavioural phenomenon of attention for clinicians engaged in patient care. Aspects of attention such as cognitive load, distraction and task switching have been studied in various settings with different methodologies. Using the protocol described here, we aim to systematically review the medical literature in order to map the concept of attention and to synthesise diverse concepts and methods under the broader category of research focused on ‘attention’. Methods and analysis Following the methodology described by the Joanna Briggs Institute and Arksey and O’Malley, our scoping review conducts an iterative search of Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Medline (PubMed) and EMBASE (Ovid). An initial limited search based on key concepts and terminology will generate relevant articles which in turn will be mined for additional keywords and index terms to guide a formal literature search. Our multidisciplinary team will extract data into a matrix, including a small random sample of the same studies (to ensure concordance), and present the results in a descriptive narrative format. Ethics and dissemination As a secondary analysis, our study does not require ethics approval, and we will ensure that included studies have appropriate approval. We anticipate results will identify diverse ways of conceptualising clinician attention and will provide a foundation for developing additional metrics and study methods to optimise attention in the clinical environment. We will disseminate results through journals and conferences and coordinate with colleagues doing work in adjacent fields.
Hippocampal spectral degradation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The hippocampal local field potential (LFP) exhibits a strong correlation with behavior. During rest, the theta rhythm is not prominent, but during active behavior, there are strong rhythms in the theta, theta harmonics, and gamma ranges. With increasing running velocity, theta, theta harmonics and gamma increase in power and in cross-frequency coupling, suggesting that neural entrainment is a direct consequence of the total excitatory input. While it is common to study the parametric range between the LFP and its complementing power spectra between deep rest and epochs of high running velocity, it is also possible to explore how the spectra degrades as the energy is completely quenched from the system. Specifically, it is unknown whether the 1/f slope is preserved as synaptic activity becomes diminished, as low frequencies are generated by large pools of neurons while higher frequencies comprise the activity of more local neuronal populations. To test this hypothesis, we examined rat LFPs recorded from the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex during barbiturate overdose euthanasia. Within the hippocampus, the initial stage entailed a quasi-stationary LFP state with a power-law feature in the power spectral density. In the second stage, there was a successive erosion of power from high- to low-frequencies in the second stage that continued until the only dominant remaining power was less than 20 Hz. This stage was followed by a rapid collapse of power spectrum towards the absolute electrothermal noise background. As the collapse of activity occurred later in hippocampus compared with medial entorhinal cortex, it suggests that the ability of a neural network to maintain the 1/f slope with decreasing energy is a function of general connectivity. Broadly, these data support the energy cascade theory where there is a cascade of energy from large cortical populations into smaller loops, such as those that supports the higher frequency gamma rhythm. As energy is pulled from the system, neural entrainment at gamma frequency (and higher) decline first. The larger loops, comprising a larger population, are fault-tolerant to a point capable of maintaining their activity before a final collapse.
Design,synthesis and preliminary activity evaluation in vitro of IAPs inhibitors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Aim To find small molecule inhibitors of inhibitor apoptosis proteins(IAPs).Methods Combining with Dock method and basing on the structure of active site of XIAP-BIR3 binding to Smac and Caspase-9,two series target compounds were designed and synthesized.Fluorescence polarization anisotropy(FPA) competitive test were used to evaluate the inhibitory activity of these target compounds against XIAP-BIR3 and cIAP1-BIR3.Results Sixteen peptidomimeptics were synthesized and their structures were identified by MS and 1H-NMR.Binding assay(FPA) showed that the thiazolidine derivatives Ⅱ had obvious inhibitory activity against XIAP and cIAP1.Especially,the IC50 values of compound Ⅱf against XIAP-BIR3 and cIAP1-BIR3 were 0.29 and 0.055 μmol·L-1 respectively.Conclusion New IAPs inhibitors were disco-vered.The preliminary structure-activity relationship concluding from this research will give a foundation for the further structural optimization of these IAPs inhibitors.