jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Left Behind or Left Below? Parodies of Christian End‐Times Fiction in American Popular Culture

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Christian dispensational “end times” fiction has found particular pop culture currency through the success of the Left Behind series of post-rapture novels in the 1990s and early 2000s. This has led to a number of parodic re-readings of the novels in contemporary entertainment media. This article examines several recent parodies of Christian “end times” fiction in American popular culture, including episodes of The Simpsons and American Dad, 2013 movie This is the End, graphic novels such as The Chronicles of Wormwood and Sword of My Mouth and Tom Perotta’s 2011 novel The Leftovers. These works critique “end times” fiction, but do not abandon its central apocalyptic form. Their parody works as a theological critique of the tradition in three ways: through reimagining the role of clergy and media in a post-apocalyptic world, debating the hermeneutical position of dispensationalists, and commenting upon the role of popular culture in influencing contemporary apocalyptic thought. While the parodies are designed to entertain, each is also “apocalyptic” in a theological sense, in that they claim to offer clear revelations of the true nature of the world.
In situ detection of plume particles in intelligent laser welding

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study aimed to propose the in situ measurement of particles based on the self-mixing interferometry (SMI) effect for monitoring the dynamic behaviors of the plume. This method was verified through the in situ measurement of tiny moving metal objects. The signal acquisition rate of the method was about 100%. The SMI signal of the detection laser had a waveform similar to the sawtooth waveform, and its intensity positively correlated with the detection laser power density. A focused detection laser was used to accurately measure the sizes of the tiny moving objects at the laser focus position. The measuring range of this method was limited by the half-wavelength and numerical aperture of the detection laser. The distribution of the plume particles with a diameter ranging from 0.3 μm to 4 μm was obtained using the in situ measurement method based on a detection laser with a wavelength of 1.31 μm in the 1-kW fiber laser keyhole welding. By quantitative statistical analysis, the number proportion of particles ranging from 0.3 to 0.65 μm diameter is more than 70% in all the detected particles.
International expansion of Russian multinationals: A focus on home-country push factors, Europe and five CEE countries

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Russian multinationals play an active role in international capital flows, although, over the past decade, two financial crises have interrupted the upward trend of their outward foreign direct investment (OFDI). This paper focuses on the specific characteristics of Russian OFDI and multinationals in general, in particular regarding their presence in the European Union – Russia’s prime export market and the main destination of Russian OFDI – and, more specifically, five EU-member Central and East European states, including the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia. Besides official statistics, the research relies on company data gathered to present the activities of Russian multinationals in this region. Among the investment motives, the focus is on home-country push factors, both negative and positive. The paper also asks whether the emergence and presence of Russian multinationals could be explained by using an existing FDI framework.
Photolysis of CH3I on Cu(110) at 337 nm: Direct and charge-transfer photodissociation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The photochemistry of methyl iodide adsorbed on Cu(110) surfaces has been studied using time-of-flight mass spectrometry, temperature programmed desorption, and retarding potential spectroscopy. The λ=337 nm photodissociation of CH3I adsorbed on clean and iodided Cu(110) is found to have an increased cross section (by ∼2 orders of magnitude) and altered dynamics from that of the gas phase at the same wavelength. On the clean Cu(110) surface both enhanced neutral photodissociation and charge-transfer photodissociation processes are observed, the latter being ascribed to hot photoelectrons generated in the substrate. On the Cu(110)–I surface, only enhanced neutral photodissociation is observed and the CH3I molecules are found to be orientationally ordered with a 20° tilt in the [11̄0] azimuth. Further evidence of altered neutral photodissociation dynamics is found in the observed I/I* branching ratio. In contrast to earlier studies of adsorbed CH3I, the branching ratio is found to favor the higher energy I* dissociation pathway as compared to the gas phase. The altered neutral photodissociation dynamics are ascribed to changes in the CH3I excited state potential energy surfaces, caused by interactions with the copper–iodine interface.
Uni-Directionally Oriented Fibro-Porous PLLA/Fibrin Bio-Hybrid Scaffold: Mechano-Morphological and Cell Studies

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this study, we report a biohybrid oriented fibrous scaffold based on nanofibers of poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA)/fibrin produced by electrospinning and subsequent post-treatment. Induced hydrolytic degradation of the fibers in 0.25 M NaOH solution for various time periods followed by the immobilization of fibrin on the hydrolyzed fiber surfaces was shown to significantly affect the mechanical properties, with the tensile strength (40.6 MPa ± 1.3) and strain at failure (38% ± 4.5) attaining a value within the range of human ligaments and ligament-replacement grafts. Unidirectional electrospinning with a mandrel rotational velocity of 26.4 m/s produced highly aligned fibers with an average diameter of 760 ± 96 nm. After a 20-min hydrolysis treatment in NaOH solution, this was further reduced to an average of 457 ± 89 nm, which is within the range of collagen bundles found in ligament tissue. Based on the results presented herein, the authors hypothesize that a combination of fiber orientation/alignment and immobilization of fibrin can result in the mechanical and morphological modification of PLLA tissue scaffolds for ligament-replacement grafts. Further, it was found that treatment with NaOH enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs and the additional inclusion of fibrin further enhanced osteogenic differentiation, as demonstrated by decreased proliferative rates and increased ALP activity.
A Matlab-Based Dynamic Simulation Module for Power System Transients Analysis in the eASiMOV Framework

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Simulation is an integral part in operation, planning and design of power systems. In order to investigate possible solutions to the challenges posed by the continuous changes in network requirements, research-grade simulation tools should be equipped with similar features as commercial and industrial software packages. This enables flexible modeling, testing and modification of methods in an environment close to realindustrial tools. Towards this end, this paper describes the introduction of dynamics simulation into the eASiMOV software framework, which comprises grid analysis, simulation, modeling, optimization, and visualization modules. Unlike mostof the education and research-grade simulation tools, the framework with the integrated dynamics simulation module is provided with a graphical user interface, an interactive network editor and a visualization module. These features make the integrated system comparable to commonly used and validated industrial simulation packages. The present paper focuses onthe implemented models and analysis features of the dynamic simulation module, which is a Matlab-based toolbox for the analysis of balanced transients in power system networks. The standard IEEE 9-bus test feeder is modeled in eASiMOV andused to test the performance of the dynamic simulation module. The corresponding simulation results for balanced network disturbances are validated against OpenModelica and DIgSILENT PowerFactory in terms of accuracy.
Management of Postharvest Anthracnose Disease of Papaya (Carica papaya) Using Antagonistic Microorganisms

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The antagonistic potential of microbial agents isolated from different sources like compost, rhizosphere soil, healthy fruits surface were investigated against Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes under In vitro and In vivo. The results of In vitro evaluation of 22 isolates of antagonists against Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes by dual-culture test showed Trichoderma harzianum UHSF-15 (with 62.50% inhibition of radial growth), Bacillus amyloliquifaciens UHSB-BCA-15 isolated from banana rhizosphere soil (50.00% inhibition) and Bacillus amyloliquifaciensUHSB-BCA-16 isolated from kiwi fruit surface (47.85% inhibition) to be most effective. In vivo screening of five effective microbial agentsselected from In vitro studies revealed that, Bacillus amyloliquifaciens UHSB-BCA-15to be most effective with lowest per cent disease index of 13.89% followed by Bacillus amyloliquifaciensUHSB-BCA-16 with 16.67% and carbendazium at 0.1% with 20.83% at 9d after storage. The higher per cent disease index of 58.33% was recorded in untreated control fruits. In another experiment where C. gloeosporoidesspore suspension (1x106 CFU mL-1) was challenge inoculated on fruits, the fruits treated with biocontrol agent Bacillus amyloliquifaciens UHSB-BCA-15 at concentrations of 1x108 CFU mL-1 for 5 minutes was found to be effective in reducing postharvest infection to a greater level with 33.33% disease index followed by Bacillus amyloliquifaciens UHSB-BCA-16 with 50.00% disease index and carbendazium at 0.1% with 52.77% disease index compare to control (91.66% disease index) at 9d after storage.
Where Terror Lies: Misrepresentation of Extremist Attitudes and Terrorist Attacks in the Sahel

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Researchers have commonly treated misrepresentations in survey responses as an impediment to the accurate measurement of a variable or construct of substantive importance. This study builds on that approach and considers whether misreporting bias regarding support for violent extremism—both under- and over-reporting—may then have consequences for how terrorist violence itself unfolds. Using data from nearly 4, 000 respondents in thirty-five communes in Burkina Faso, Chad, and Niger collected just prior to a recent wave of terrorist attacks, we find that communes where individuals under-report their true support for violent extremism—as measured with unobtrusive experimental methods—have a greater probability of experiencing subsequent Islamist attacks, controlling for socio-demographic characteristics of the commune, country-level proximity effects, and other time-varying factors. The findings raise important considerations regarding the measurement of extremist support, and they suggest a new tool for identifying communities potentially susceptible to terrorist violence.
Line Difference in Effects of Thymectomy and Thymus Transplantation on Marek's Disease Resistance in Chickens.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The present study was conducted to investigate genetic effects in cell mediated immunity in resistance to Marek's disease (MD), using the method of thymectomy and thymus transplantation. Chicks from the GVHR-HA and GVHR-LA lines selected for high and low competences in graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) were thymectomized and some of them were mutually transplanted with the other line's thymus. The chicks were inoculated with the JV strain of MD virus. MD incidence and MD mortality were compared among three groups ; control, thymectomized and thymus transplanted. The HA line seemed to be more resistant to MD than the LA line. In the thymectomized groups, MD mortality increased in the HA line and decreased in the LA line. Mean days at MD incidence and MD death also showed the similar trend. In the thymus transplantation groups, significant increase in mortality was observed in the HA line which received thymus transplants from the LA line, while a non significant increase was also observed in the LA line received the HA thymus. Similar trend was also observed on the mean days at MD death. It was suggested that MD susceptibility might be transferred by thymus grafting.
Impact of gender on the response and tolerance to abatacept in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the ‘ORA’ registry

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective The impact of gender on the response and tolerance to abatacept was assessed in a large prospective cohort during 2 years of follow-up. Methods From the 1017 patients included in the Orencia and Rheumatoid Arthritis registry, disease activity was assessed at baseline, 6, 12 and 24 months. The relationship between the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response, Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) remission, rate of adverse events and gender was explored in multivariate analysis. Results 990 patients, 79.3%female, with at least one follow-up visit were analysed. At baseline, women had longer disease duration, higher disease activity and more often received antitumour necrosis factor (TNF) drugs. The remission was not different between men and women during the follow-up after adjustment on age, disease duration and activity, rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrullinated pyeptide (CCP) positivity, and current disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), previous TNF blockers and corticosteroids use. The proportion of men and women achieving EULAR good-or-moderate response at any endpoints was similar (52.4% vs 55.5%), as well as time to achieving EULAR response (5.4±4.9 vs 5.6±5.2 months). Moderate EULAR response was more frequent in women at 6 months (OR=1.80, p=0.02) but was no longer significant at 12 or 24 months. During the follow-up, the DAS28, the tender joint count score and the patient global assessment remained higher in women (p=0.001, 0.04 and 0.06, respectively). Drug retention and safety were comparable. Conclusion In this large daily practice cohort of established rheumatoid arthritis treated with abatacept, women achieved similar remission and EULAR response than men despite higher disease activity and tender joint count during the treatment course.
Multi-Sensor Observations of Submesoscale Eddies in Coastal Regions

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The temporal and spatial variation in submesoscale eddies in the coastal region of Lianyungang (China) is studied over a period of nearly two years with high-resolution (0.03°, about 3 km) observations of surface currents derived from high-frequency coastal radars (HFRs). The centers and boundaries of submesoscale eddies are identified based on a vector geometry (VG) method. A color index (CI) representing MODIS ocean color patterns with a resolution of 500 m is used to compute CI gradient parameters, from which submesoscale features are extracted using a modified eddy-extraction approach. The results show that surface currents derived from HFRs and the CI-derived gradient parameters have the ability to capture submesoscale processes (SPs). The typical radius of an eddy in this region is 2–4 km. Although no significant difference in eddy properties is observed between the HFR-derived current fields and CI-derived gradient parameters, the CI-derived gradient parameters show more detailed eddy structures due to a higher resolution. In general, the HFR-derived current fields capture the eddy form, evolution and dissipation. Meanwhile, the CI-derived gradient parameters show more SPs and fill a gap left by the HFR-derived currents. This study shows that the HFR and CI products have the ability to detect SPs in the ocean and contribute to SP analyses.
Iridoids from the Roots of Valeriana jatamansi

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Three new iridoids, jatamanins N–P ( 1 – 3 ), along with the seven known iridiods 4 – 10 , were isolated from the roots of Valeriana jatamansi. Compound 1 is an unusual iridoid bearing two epoxy bridges between C(3) and C(6) and between C(1) and C(10), forming a unique cage‐like rigid skeleton. The structures of the new compounds were assigned on the basis of spectroscopic methods.
Down-Regulation of Cellulose Synthase Inhibits the Formation of Endocysts in Acanthamoeba

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Acanthamoeba cysts are resistant to unfavorable physiological conditions and various disinfectants. Acanthamoeba cysts have 2 walls containing various sugar moieties, and in particular, one third of the inner wall is composed of cellulose. In this study, it has been shown that down-regulation of cellulose synthase by small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly inhibits the formation of mature Acanthamoeba castellanii cysts. Calcofluor white staining and transmission electron microscopy revealed that siRNA transfected amoeba failed to form an inner wall during encystation and thus are likely to be more vulnerable. In addition, the expression of xylose isomerase, which is involved in cyst wall formation, was not altered in cellulose synthase down-regulated amoeba, indicating that cellulose synthase is a crucial factor for inner wall formation by Acanthamoeba during encystation.
Relationship between Contact Inhibition and Intranuclear S100c of Normal Human Fibroblasts

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Many lines of evidence indicate that neoplastic transformation of cells occurs by a multistep process. For neoplastic transformation of normal human cells, they must be first immortalized and then be converted into neoplastic cells. It is well known that the immortalization is a critical step for the neoplastic transformation of cells and that the immortal phenotype is recessive. Thus, we investigated proteins downregulated in immortalized cells by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. As a result, S100C, a Ca2+-binding protein, was dramatically downregulated in immortalized human fibroblasts compared with their normal counterparts. When the cells reached confluence, S100C was phosphorylated on threonine 10. Then the phosphorylated S100C moved to and accumulated in the nuclei of normal cells, whereas in immortalized cells it was not phosphorylated and remained in the cytoplasm. Microinjection of the anti-S100C antibody into normal confluent quiescent cells induced DNA synthesis. Furthermore, when exogenous S100C was compelled to localize in the nuclei of HeLa cells, their DNA synthesis was remarkably inhibited with increase in cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors such as p16Ink4a and p21Waf1. These data indicate the possible involvement of nuclear S100C in the contact inhibition of cell growth.
Decreased telomere length in children with cartilage-hair hypoplasia

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background Cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) is an autosomal recessive chondrodysplasia caused by RMRP (RNA component of mitochondrial RNA processing endoribonuclease) gene mutations. Manifestations include short stature, variable immunodeficiency, anaemia and increased risk of malignancies, all of which have been described also in telomere biology disorders. RMRP interacts with the telomerase RT (TERT) subunit, but the influence of RMRP mutations on telomere length is unknown. We measured relative telomere length (RTL) in patients with CHH, their first-degree relatives and healthy controls and correlated RTL with clinical and laboratory features. Methods The study cohort included 48 patients with CHH with homozygous (n=36) or compound heterozygous RMRP mutations (median age 38.2 years, range 6.0–70.8 years), 86 relatives (74 with a heterozygous RMRP mutation) and 94 unrelated healthy controls. We extracted DNA from peripheral blood, sequenced the RMRP gene and measured RTL by qPCR. Results Compared with age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls, median RTL was significantly shorter in patients with CHH (n=40 pairs, 1.05 vs 1.21, p=0.017), but not in mutation carriers (n=48 pairs, 1.16 vs 1.10, p=0.224). RTL correlated significantly with age in RMRP mutation carriers (r=−0.482, p<0.001) and non-carriers (r=−0.498, p<0.001), but not in patients (r=−0.236, p=0.107). In particular children (<18 years) with CHH had shorter telomeres than controls (median RTL 1.12 vs 1.26, p=0.008). In patients with CHH, RTL showed no correlation with genotype, clinical or laboratory characteristics. Conclusions Telomere length was decreased in children with CHH. We found no correlation between RTL and clinical or laboratory parameters.
River channel planforms and floodplains: a study in the Wessex landscape

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

For south ‘Wessex’, despite complexity evident on the ground, there is little research that directly links river channel form with historic economic development; that is, channel genesis and planforms are seldom discussed in relation to landscape development within valleys. Of specific interest are relationships linking channel topography, artificial cuts and floodplains with development associated with mills, water-meadows, artificial watercourses and gravel extraction. These are an outcome of a strong regional culture of economic development including water management. It is demonstrated that river planforms within the valleys determine the location of fixed assets and there is a strong relationship between soils and floodplain development. It is concluded that there is an intricate continuum between perceived ‘natural’ fluvial process and human-influenced environmental change, and that genetic interpretation of river channel forms presents a challenge for landscape historians.
Non-linearly Restoring Performance of SFT's Catenary Mooring-lines under Consideration of its Dynamic Behaviors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Submerged floating tunnel (SFT) needs to be fixed or controlled in expected position by its supporting system which can be classified into two types: tension tendon or catenary mooring-line. The later one, catenary mooring-line, is often used for floating body due to its lower cost and easier installment. In this paper, the dynamic behaviors including inertia and hydrodynamic damping of the mooring-line are considered compared with the quasi-static method where only the static restore force is involved, and the nonlinear dynamic response model of the mooring system is developed based on finite element simulations. The influences of the amplitude and frequency of SFT motion, along with mooring-line's structural parameters, on mooring line's displacement and dynamic tension are studied. Also, the taut-slack phenomenon caused by inertial force and hydrodynamic damping is analyzed. Our results shows that when the motion of the SFT is smaller, the dynamic response of the mooring-line is a stable stand wave, and the value of dynamic tension due to dynamic characteristics is about 20% of the quasi-static method, and the tension amplitude difference is around three times larger than the quasi-static method. As SFT movement get larger, the dynamic tension corresponding is about 30% higher than the quasi-static tension. When the mooring-line becomes slack, the response is characterized as travelling wave. The magnification factor of top tension caused by mooring-line's dynamic behavior drops with increase of mooring-line mass density but rises with the increase of the initial tension ratio. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.