jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of interventions to reduce coercive treatment in mental health services: umbrella review of randomised evidence

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Coercive treatment comprises a broad range of practices, ranging from implicit or explicit pressure to accept certain treatment to the use of forced practices such as involuntary admission, seclusion and restraint. Coercion is common in mental health services.To evaluate the strength and credibility of evidence on the efficacy of interventions to reduce coercive treatment in mental health services. Protocol registration: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/S76T3.Systematic literature searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Campbell Collaboration, and Epistemonikos from January 2010 to January 2020 for meta-analyses of randomised studies. Summary effects were recalculated using a common metric and random-effects models. We assessed between-study heterogeneity, predictive intervals, publication bias, small-study effects and whether the results of the observed positive studies were more than expected by chance. On the basis of these calculations, strength of associations was classified using quantitative umbrella review criteria, and credibility of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach.A total of 23 primary studies (19 conducted in European countries and 4 in the USA) enrolling 8554 participants were included. The evidence on the efficacy of staff training to reduce use of restraint was supported by the most robust evidence (relative risk RR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.62-0.87; suggestive association, GRADE: moderate), followed by evidence on the efficacy of shared decision-making interventions to reduce involuntary admissions of adults with severe mental illness (RR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.60-0.92; weak association, GRADE: moderate) and by the evidence on integrated care interventions (RR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.46-0.95; weak association, GRADE: low). By contrast, community treatment orders and adherence therapy had no effect on involuntary admission rates.Different levels of evidence indicate the benefit of staff training, shared decision-making interventions and integrated care interventions to reduce coercive treatment in mental health services. These different levels of evidence should be considered in the development of policy, clinical and implementation initiatives to reduce coercive practices in mental healthcare, and should lead to further studies in both high- and low-income countries to improve the strength and credibility of the evidence base.
Study on the Gender Differences of Financial Risk Tolerance

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper examined how men and women differ in the attitude and behaviour of financial risk tolerance.The results showed that women were less risk seeking than men in financial risk tolerance.The results of the investment simulation indicated that men invested in higher risk assets like stock.In contrast, women prefered to invest in lower risk assets like real estate.The results of multiple regression analysis showed that if investors have the propensity to take more risk they allocated their money to higher risk assets in the simulation.This analysis also showed that the surveyed respondents invested in risky assets if they had experience in high risk investment in the past.
Design, Evaluation, and Research Challenges Relevant to Exoskeletons and Exosuits: A 26-Year Perspective From the U.S. Army Research Laboratory

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONSEfforts to develop exoskeletons and exosuits for military uses have been underway for many years. Assessments, evaluations, and research studies conducted at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory have been instrumental in that development. This work has provided design guidance for system developers, refined methods and metrics to characterize the state-of-the-art in exoskeleton and exosuit development, and identified gaps in knowledge needed for system designers and evaluators. Several design and evaluation challenges and areas needing further research are identified in this article, which are intended for use by ergonomics and human factors practitioners so they can contribute to the development and fielding of exoskeletons and exosuits for military applications.TECHNICAL ABSTRACT Background: Exoskeletons and exosuits intended to augment strength and endurance would be very useful for military tasks, particularly carrying heavy loads for long distances over terrain that cannot be traversed by vehicles. Such systems could relieve the burden felt when carrying these loads or reduce the energetic cost of walking while carrying loads and may also reduce the risk of injury. Purpose: This article is intended to highlight key challenges that designers, evaluators, and researchers need to consider and address in order to further the development of exoskeletons and exosuits designed to assist with military load carriage. Methods: This overview is based on many years of experience with exoskeleton and exosuit assessments, evaluations, and research studies conducted at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory. Results: The challenges faced by designers of exoskeletons and exosuits for military load carriage include issues related to the unique equipment that must be carried, the variety of movements that must be accommodated, and the range of environments in which the systems must operate. Evaluators must take into consideration an array of issues from subjects and training to methods and metrics appropriate for the technical maturity and intended use of the system. Exoskeleton and exosuit system design and evaluation both need to be done in a manner that promotes the development of systems that are safe for the user. The research challenges are gaps in knowledge relevant to both design and evaluation issues. These gaps include a need for additional kinematic and kinetic data to be used in system design, and the need to develop control systems that anticipate movements and adapt to the user. Other knowledge gaps include user-system interface issues and training methods and assessments. Conclusion: The development and fielding of exoskeletons and exosuits will depend on designers, evaluators, and researchers who address the challenges presented herein.
Analysis of Cone Resistance: Review of Methods

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Cone tip resistance is the most widely measured quantity in the cone penetration test. A brief review is made of presently available theories for the analysis of cone resistance. The theories are presented in forms that enable direct comparisons among them. The simplifying assumptions made in the analysis using various theories are emphasized. In the light of experimental evidence and the fundamental principles of mechanics, the limitations and advantages of each theory are assessed. Comparison with limited experimental data indicates that cavity expansion theories give the closest overall agreement between predicted and measured penetration resistance.
Sphingosine‐1‐Phosphate Reduces CD4+ T Lymphocyte Activation Through Regulation of Hypoxia‐inducible Factor Short Isoform I.1 and CD69

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Non obese diabetic (NOD) mice develop spontaneous Type 1 diabetes. We have shown that NOD diabetic mice have activated aortic endothelium. Further, we have found that the sphingolipid, sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P), reduces endothelial activation through activation of the S1P1 receptor. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that S1P could inhibit CD4 + T cell activation, thereby further reducing inflammatory events associated with atherosclerosis. CD4 + T lymphocytes were isolated from diabetic NOD and control splenocytes. Upon activation via CD3antibody, diabetic T cells secreted 2‐fold more IFNγ (control, 1500pg versus 3000 pg/mg for NOD). Pretreatment with either 1μM S1P or 1μM of the S1P1 receptor agonist SEW2871 significantly reduced IFNγ secretion by 40%, (∗p<0.001). FACS analysis showed increased expression of CD69 in diabetic T cells. Both S1P and SEW2871 prevented upregulation of CD69 on CD4 + cells. Hypoxia‐Inducible Factor (HIF)‐1α short isoform I.1 plays an important role in the regulation of TCR‐triggered cytokine secretion. HIFI.1 has been shown to negatively regulate lymphocyte activation. Quantitative RT‐PCR for both HIF1α isoforms showed that diabetic NOD mice had 2.5‐fold lower HIF1α I.1 mRNA than control. S1P significantly increased HIF1α I.1 mRNA levels in both groups. Thus, S1P increases HIF1α I.1 expression in CD4+ T cells, thereby regulating cell activation.
EL TUTOR DEL TRABAJO FIN DE GRADO: NUEVOS DESAFÍOS PARA EL PROFESOR DE UNIVERSIDAD

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract.THE TUTOR OF THE DEGREE DISSERTATION: NEW CHALLENGES FOR THE PROFESSOR OF UNIVERSITY.The purpose of the present article is to present some reflections regarding the professor of university as tutor of the Degree Dissertation. Some ideas are presented in order to improve professors’ performance when helping university students to carry out the Degree Dissertation. First of all, some suggestions are presented regarding the profile of the Degree Dissertation tutor. Following, there are some approaches stemming from activities related to work contexts, such as empowerment, coaching or mentoring, these activities are clearly relevant in the university educational context. Finally, some suggestions are presented regarding the self-regulated learning.Key words: Degree Dissertation, competence, empowerment, coaching, mentoring.Resumen.En este trabajo se presentan algunas de las reflexiones sobre el profesor de universidad como tutor del TFG. Se presentan algunas ideas que pueden mejorar el desempeño de los profesores cuando tienen que ayudar a los estudiantes de universidad en la elaboración del TFG. En primer lugar, se presentan algunas sugerencias en torno al perfil del tutor de TFG. A continuación, aparecen algunas aportaciones procedentes de actividades como el empowerment, el coaching o el mentoring, unas actividades que proceden del contexto laboral pero que cobran una especial relevancia en el contexto educativo universitario. Finalmente, se presentan algunas sugerencias en torno al aprendizaje autorregulado.Palabras clave: Trabajo Fin de Grado, competencia, empowerment, coaching, mentoring.
High-does Vitamin C promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells by regulating the AMPK-PGC1α signaling pathway

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Mitochondrial dysfunction is closely associated with cancer development. Tumor cells typically exhibit altered metabolism characterized by increased glycolysis and decreased oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore,enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis and functionality in tumor cells holds promise as a potential approach for cancer prevention and therapy. High dose of vitamin C have demonstrated antitumor activity and the ability to mitigate the Warburg effect. However, its role in modulating mitochondrial biogenesis and function remains unclear. Here, we evaluated the altered mitochondrial functional status of HCT116 colorectal cancer cells compared to FHC normal colorectal epithelial cells, as well as the impact of vitamin C on mitochondrial biosynthesis and function in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells, and investigated the potential regulatory mechanisms. The findings demonstrated that HCT116 colorectal cancer cells exhibited reduced levels of mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes III and IV, alongside decreased expression of mitochondrial-specific transcription factor A (TFAM) and diminished mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content. However, treatment with vitamin C markedly upregulated the transcription and expression of major mitochondrial regulators, in particular peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor 2 (NRF2), and TFAM. Furthermore, vitamin C significantly stimulated mitochondrial biogenesis, as evidenced by increased mtDNA content, elevated mitochondrial mass, and enhanced expression of complexes III and IV within the mitochondrial respiratory chain. These improvements were associated with heightened AMPK phosphorylation, while the effects were substantially attenuated upon application of Compound C, a specific AMPK inhibitor. In summary, our findings underscore vitamin C’s potential as a therapeutic approach to alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction in HCT116 cancer cells, primarily through the activation of the AMPK-PGC1α signaling pathway.
Habitat composition near linear landscape structures across Poland: perspectives on pollinator conservation

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Landscape management intensification is a major driver of global decline in insect pollinators and the ecosystem services they provide. Part of the proposed solution is to take advantage of the potential benefits of existing human-made habitats such as linear landscape structures (LLSs) associated with highways verges, railway embankments, or levees. We explored the surrounding landscape composition of different LLSs across Poland using geographic information system (GIS) methodology, examining spatial scales reflecting typical foraging distances of key pollinator groups (bees, butterflies, flies). We found that land cover composition around LLSs closely mirrored the overall national land cover distribution in Poland with right-skewed distributions of tree, grass, crop, and built cover across all LLS types. Highway verges exhibited the highest landscape diversity, while railways and levees showed more similar patterns to each other. Our study revelated that land cover changes occur unidirectionally at the studied scales, suggesting consistent habitat transitions around these linear features. Based on these findings, we propose prioritising two approaches for pollinator conservation in Poland: (1) using levee verges as supplementary habitat in wetland areas due to their lowest traffic level and reduced cost; (2) developing highway verges as a supplementary habitat to support pollinator ecosystem services in farmland and urban landscapes. Since LLSs are managed by relatively few stakeholders, primarily public bodies and government agencies, which provides an opportunity to implement management plans supporting biodiversity and ecosystem services at the national and regional scale.
Multiple Birth in the Texel Sheep

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In 1955, 385 ewes and 10 rams of the Texel sheep from Holland were introduced into Egypt, at the Tahreer Province. This breed is known for its high frequency of multiple birth, the lambs are fast growers, and the mature animals give a heavy wool crop of medium fineness. The records of 333 dams, 275 dams' dams, and 146 sires' dams of the imported animals showed that the average number of lambs born for ewes with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 lambings were; 1.91, 3.66, 5.90, 7.37, 9.67 and 11.76, respectively, with an average of 1.91 lambs per lambing. The average number of lambs reared for ewes with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 lambings were; 1.77, 3.18, 5.04, 6.44, 8.40 and 10.48, respectively, with an average of 1.67 lambs per lambing. Percent of lamb mortality, from birth until weaning age, had an average of 13.1. The “heritability” of number of lambs born was .266±.108.
Potensi Kulit Batang Cinnamomum burmannii Bl. dalam Mencegah Infertilitas; Kajian Terhadap Berat Testis dan Jumlah Spermatozoa Mencit (Mus musculus) Model Diabetes Mellitus Tipe-1

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In individuals with diabetes mellitus, the increase in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) can damage the mitochondrial membrane, leading to the loss of potential mitochondrial membrane function in inducing apoptosis of sperm cells. Cinnamomum burmannii is a type of spice that contains antioxidants, thus capable of neutralizing free radicals and reducing oxidative stress caused by diabetes mellitus. Flavonoids also have an effect on increasing spermatogenesis. The aim of this research is to examine the role of methanol extract from Cinnamomum burmannii bark in increasing testis weight and spermatozoa count in type-1 diabetes mellitus mice (Mus musculus). The study employs a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and three replications. Twenty mice are divided into groups: K- (control), K+ mice injected with STZ without medication), P1 (dose of 200 mg/kg BW), P2 (dose of 400 mg/kg BW), and P3 (dose of 800 mg/kg BW). Before administering the Cinnamomum burmannii bark extract, blood sugar levels are measured in the K+, P1, P2, and P3 groups. If blood sugar levels have increased (>128 mg/dL), the P1, P2, and P3 groups are given the Cinnamomum burmannii bark extract according to the predetermined dosage. The treatment is carried out for 14 days. On the last day, surgery is performed to extract the testes and observe the spermatozoa count. The observation data on testis weight and spermatozoa count will be analyzed using ANOVA with SPSS 24.0. The results indicate that the administration of methanol extract from Cinnamomum burmannii bark significantly affects the increase in testis weight and spermatozoa count in type-1 diabetes mellitus mice. The increase in testis weight and spermatozoa count is proportional to the dosage given
Structural study of PbTiO3, PbZrO3and PbHfO3

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A technique has been developed for refining the atomic displacements in perovskite-type structures by integrated intensity measurements of X-ray reflections obtained from polycrystalline specimens by separating the reflections sensitive to atomic displacements. In this way the temperature changes of atomic displacements in PbTiO3 and PbZrO3 at their phase transitions have been determined. It has been established that the displacements existing in PbTiO3 and PbZrO3 at room temperature monotonously decrease with increasing temperature to certain critical values at the phase transitions. A small abrupt change has been revealed in the atom displacements and unit cell parameters at approximately 150°C. For the first time, displacements of Pb and Hf at room temperature have been determined.
Quantum Mechanical Studies of Three Aromatic Halogen-Substituted Bioactive Sulfonamidobenzoxazole Compounds with Potential Light Harvesting Properties

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Three different organic compounds, 2-phenyl-5-(4-trifloromethyl phenyl sulfonamido) benzoxazole (PTPS), 2-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-(2,4-dinitrophenylsulfonamido)benzoxazole (CNSB) and 2-(4-fluorobenzyl)-5-(2,4-dinitrophenylsulfonamido)benzoxazole (FBPS), were synthesized. To find their energetically stable conformation, geometry optimization was done using density functional theory with the level B3LYP/cc-pVDZ. Electron distribution of the system was studied using molecular electrostatic potential map. Different intermolecular interactions arising from hyperconjugative effect were investigated using the natural bond orbital (NBO) formalism. Nonlinear optical properties were further studied using first-order hyperpolarizability values. The three compounds may be important in the development of novel inhibitor molecules of Topoisomerase II enzyme, as lead compounds. Light harvesting efficiency of PTPS is 0.9342, which shows that it is having potential applications in the design of new DSSC's.
Cooperation of an RNA Packaging Signal and a Viral Envelope Protein in Coronavirus RNA Packaging

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) produces a genome-length mRNA, mRNA 1, and six or seven species of subgenomic mRNAs in infected cells. Among these mRNAs, only mRNA 1 is efficiently packaged into MHV particles. MHV N protein binds to all MHV mRNAs, whereas envelope M protein interacts only with mRNA 1. This M protein-mRNA 1 interaction most probably determines the selective packaging of mRNA 1 into MHV particles. A short cis -acting MHV RNA packaging signal is necessary and sufficient for packaging RNA into MHV particles. The present study tested the possibility that the selective M protein-mRNA 1 interaction is due to the packaging signal in mRNA 1. Regardless of the presence or absence of the packaging signal, N protein bound to MHV defective interfering RNAs and intracellularly expressed non-MHV RNA transcripts to form ribonucleoprotein complexes; M protein, however, interacted selectively with RNAs containing the packaging signal. Moreover, only the RNA that interacted selectively with M protein was efficiently packaged into MHV particles. Thus, it was the packaging signal that mediated the selective interaction between M protein and viral RNA to drive the specific packaging of RNA into virus particles. This is the first example for any RNA virus in which a viral envelope protein and a known viral RNA packaging signal have been shown to determine the specificity and selectivity of RNA packaging into virions.
Development Strategy Analysis of Tourism Site and Attraction in Lasiana Beach of Kupang City

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Lasiana Beach is a particular tourism site located in Lasiana Sub District, Kelapa Lima District, Kupang City. The lack of development and poor management renders the site to be unattractive to visitors. Minimum facility, roaming wild animals, rubbish and animal waste do tarnish the exoticism of Las
Improving Supervised Classification of Daily Activities Living Using New Cost Sensitive Criterion for C-SVM

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The growing population of elders in the society calls for a new approach in care giving.By inferring what activities elderly are performing in their houses it is possible to determine their physical and cognitive capabilities.In this paper we show the potential of important discriminative classifiers namely the Soft-Support Vector Machines (C-SVM), Conditional Random Fields (CRF) and k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) for recognizing activities from sensor patterns in a smart home environment.We address also the class imbalance problem in activity recognition field which has been known to hinder the learning performance of classifiers.Cost sensitive learning is attractive under most imbalanced circumstances, but it is difficult to determine the precise misclassification costs in practice.We introduce a new criterion for selecting the suitable cost parameter C of the C-SVM method.Through our evaluation on four real world imbalanced activity datasets, we demonstrate that C-SVM based on our proposed criterion outperforms the state-of-the-art discriminative methods in activity recognition.