jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Constrained detecting arrays for fault localization in combinatorial testing

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Detecting Arrays (DAs) are mathematical objects that enable fault localization in combinatorial interaction testing. Each row of a DA serves as a test case, whereas a whole DA is treated as a test suite. In real-world testing problems, it is often the case that some constraints exist among test parameters. In this paper, we show that it may be impossible to construct a DA using only constraint-satisfying test cases. The reason for this is that a set of some faulty interactions may always mask the effect of other faulty interactions in the presence of constraints. Based on this observation, we propose the notion of Constrained Detecting Arrays (CDAs) to adapt DAs to practical situations. The definition of CDAs requires that all rows of a CDA must satisfy the constraints and the same fault localization capability as the DA must hold except for such inherently undetectable faults. We then propose a computational method for constructing CDAs. Experimental results obtained by using a program that implements the method show that the method was able to produce CDAs within a reasonable time for practical problem instances.
Labor Productivity and Okun's Law: An Empirical Application to Italian Regional Panel Data

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Okun's law, named for its proposer, Arthur Okun, was first applied during the 1960s in the USA to describe the relationship between economic growth and unemployment fluctuations. Several attempts were later made to test the empirical applicability of the relationship to different countries and historical periods. Heterogeneous results were generally found in estimating Okun's coefficient, depending on the sample and context analysed. The main goal of this paper is to analyze the relevance of Okun's law to Italian regions. We perform a panel analysis to estimate the influence of asymmetry and local market differences on Okun's relationship. Moreover, observing particularly low values of participation rate in labor markets in southern areas, we propose other indicators to estimate Okun's coefficient which are more compatible with a delayed development area.
Synthesis, Radiolabeling, and Biological Evaluation of (R)- and (S)-2-Amino-5-[18F]fluoro-2-methylpentanoic Acid ((R)-, (S)-[18F]FAMPe) as Potential Positron Emission Tomography Tracers for Brain Tumors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A novel (18)F-labeled α,α-disubstituted amino acid-based tracer, 2-amino-5-[(18)F]fluoro-2-methylpentanoic acid ([(18)F]FAMPe), has been developed for brain tumor imaging with a longer alkyl side chain than previously reported compounds to increase brain availability via system L amino acid transport. Both enantiomers of [(18)F]FAMPe were obtained in good radiochemical yield (24-52% n = 8) and high radiochemical purity (>99%). In vitro uptake assays in mouse DBT gliomas cells revealed that (S)-[(18)F]FAMPe enters cells partly via sodium-independent system L transporters and also via other nonsystem A transport systems including transporters that recognize glutamine. Biodistribution and small animal PET/CT studies in the mouse DBT model of glioblastoma showed that both (R)- and (S)-[(18)F]FAMPe have good tumor imaging properties with the (S)-enantiomer providing higher tumor uptake and tumor to brain ratios. Comparison of the SUVs showed that (S)-[(18)F]FAMPe had higher tumor to brain ratios compared to (S)-[(18)F]FET, a well-established system L substrate.
Evaluating the connectivity of the road network in Ramadi city using sustainable transport indicators

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

One of the most important aspects of the developing any area is creating a viable road network and defining the relationship between landscape use and road networks. Proper communication and direction are essential to the proper construction of any network. In addition to providing chances for production and consumption, resource extraction, and social cohabitation, the road network also functions as a hub for these activities. As a consequence, this contributes to the development of cities and the improvement of the level of living. However, Ramadi's road network has not received much attention and evaluation. To identify Ramadi road network transportation indicators, the researchers used geospatial information systems. Connectivity was assessed using the alpha, beta, gamma, and eta indices to describe and analyse the network. The data was collected in the first quarter of 2024. The Alpha, the beta, the gamma, and the eta indexes show weak Al-Ramadi road network connections. Indexes are 0.197, 1.26, 0.43, and 0.82. The research indicates a loss in network connectivity in the study region, necessitating the prioritization of new the roads and a city plan to mitigate network shortages.
Last Stands

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The moment of liberation in Western Europe spans several years before and after Victory in Europe Day. The roughly two years before 8 May 1945 witnessed the greatest extension of antifascist resistance activism, imparting an aura of radicalization to this period. It is possible to pinpoint specifically when the pressures of radical antifascist resistance activism broke out one last time in post-liberation Western Europe. In Belgium, tensions rose in conjunction with the attitudes of the new post-liberation government headed by the conservative Catholic Hubert Pierlot. In November 1947, first in Marseille but then also in Saint-Étienne, resistance activists defied the old political elite in militant actions which were the last of their kind in post-liberation France. In Italy, the assassination attempt on Palmiro Togliatti in 1948 marked the last stand of the radical resistance spirit, witnessing instances of quasi-urban insurrections in some of the traditional hotspots of antifascism in Italy.
Economic Competition and the Structure of the Competition Graph of Random Networks

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract As the competition graphs of trade networks begin to garner attention from economists, a better understanding of their expected structure is important for studying real-world trade networks and their competition graphs. This paper has two purposes. First, it serves to encourage the adoption of competition graphs as a tool for studying competition in economic networks. Second, it studies the structure and dynamics of competition graphs derived from random directed networks of the form $$\mathcal {D}(n,p)$$ . The results presented here characterize the probabilities that certain foundational structures exist in the competition graph of a random graph, and describe the density and connectivity of the competition graph of a random graph. Structural dynamics of these competition graphs are also studied. In particular, the results show that competition graphs are typically more dense than the networks they are derived from. Finally, these results are used to generate a discussion motivating the use of competition graphs in the economics literature.
THE CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF THE EMOTIVE-EVALUATIVE LEXIS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article represents the analysis of definitions of such linguistic notion as the emotive-evaluative lexis, produced and studied by many authors, both domestic and foreign. Some researchers consider it to be an independent type of language that creates bonds between people and has a power to affect those bonds and the attitudes of participants of the communication. Others believe that the emotive-evaluative lexis is a part of the language that is represented by stylistically marked words and expressions with a connotative and denotative meaning. This article also studies the term of connotation and its relation to the emotive-evaluative lexis, which is expressed in evaluation and emotiveness being essential components of the connotation. There are also classifications of emotive-evaluative lexis, depending on the coloring of the connotation and the way of interpreting the estimation of the words. The present article has a scientific potential justified by the importance of future studies on the ways and methods of teaching the emotive-evaluative lexis and the necessity to implement a methodological basis for the successful learning of this type of vocabulary by university students.
Constituent elements of the nursing consultation in the pre-natal care in the view of the pregnant women

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Objective: to investigate the constituent elements of the nursing consultation in the prenatal care, in the view of the pregnant women. Methods: a qualitative study, undertaken based on semistructured interviews with 95 pregnant women. The samples were chosen by intentional criteria, until theoretical data saturation took place at 25 interviews, which were processed using the ALCESTE software. The participants undertook intercalated prenatal consultations between the nurse and physician. Results: the conduct undertaken in the first prenatal consultation related to arranging tests and the prescription of folic acid and ferrous sulfate, evidencing the importance of attending the consultations. Furthermore, the discourses are based on advice for general care and the filling out of the ‘pregnant woman’s card’. Conclusion: based on the view of the pregnant women who participated, it was possible to identify that the nursing consultation in the prenatal period was based in technical procedures. Emphasis was placed on the providing of information, but it was not possible to identify feedback on this.
Hemogram Parameters of Children with Bell’s Palsy at the Time of Admission and Their Findings in the Follow-up

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: The exact cause of idiopathic facial paralysis (Bell’s palsy) is not clear. The objective of our study was to investigate the relationship between certain hemogram parameters and the clinical prognosis in pediatric patients with facial paralysis. Material and Methods: The files of patients with Bell’s palsy under the age of 18 who applied to our hospital were evaluated retrospectively. Leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet count, red cell distribution width, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, platelet to lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte to lymphocyte ratio were compared between patients with Bell’s palsy and the control group. Information about their last health status recorded. Results: A total of seventeen children with Bell’s palsy and 17 control groups were included in the study. There were 7 boys (41.20%) and 10 girls (58.70%) in each group, the mean age was 11.80±4.40 (minimum 3.0-maximum 17.9) years. While the median neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio was 1.25 (0.41-7.63) in patients with Bell’s palsy and 1.40 (0.42-2.52) in the control group, the median mean platelet volume level was 9.30 fL (8.20-12.30) in patients with Bell’s palsy and 9.95 fL (9.30-11.70) in the control group, and the median red cell distribution width level was 12.75 % (11.50-26.30) in patients with Bell’s palsy and 12.70% (12.10-26.30) in the control group. None of them were statistically significant. There were six patients with Bell’s palsy with low mean platelet volume levels and no patients with low mean platelet volume levels in the control group (p=0.007). There was a positive correlation between the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio and the recovery time of patients with Bell’s palsy. Conclusion: Bell’s palsy may show a better prognosis in girls. High neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio may be indicators of delayed recovery, inflammation, and microvascular ischemia in Bell’s palsy.
Alitretinoin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This chapter presents information on classification & mode of action, indications & dermatological uses, formulations/presentation, dosages & suggested regimens, baseline investigations, considerations & monitoring, contraindications, cautions, important drug interactions, adverse effects & their management, and essential patient information of Alitretinoin. Alitretinoin is an endogenously occurring retinoid which is structurally related to vitamin A. The precise mode of action of alitretinoin in chronic hand eczema remains unclear, but retinoids are known to affect multiple processes at a cellular level including proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Alitretinoin has been shown to suppress the expression of co-stimulatory molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells, which may be of relevance to a therapeutic effect in contact dermatitis. Pharmacists who dispense alitretinoin should be alert to the potential for confusion. Alitretinoin capsules contain soya bean oil. Patch testing should be performed prior to commencing alitretinoin to exclude a significant underlying contact allergy.
P25: Assessment of VentriFlo True Pulse Pump in Cardiopulmonary Bypass Circuit In vivo

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the hemodynamic and laboratory data during the post-cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) phase in vivo in cardiovascular surgery utilizing the VentriFlo True Pulse Pump, a novel pulsatile extracorporeal blood pump capable of generating a natural-like pulse through standard oxygenators, cannulas, and tubing sets. Methods: The surgical procedure in porcine animal model (n=2, weight 26 and 23 kg) consisted of full median sternotomy access, central aortic cannulation, transatrial venous cannula insertion under general anesthesia. The intended duration of 3 hours has been maintained. In one case, a roller pump (RP) has been instituted. Second case has received the VentriFlo pulsatile pump (VentriFlo Inc., Pelham, NH). Hemodynamics were recorded during the CPB support period and for 3 hours post-CPB, and blood sampling was performed every hour. Results: The aortic pulse pressure was consistently higher with the VentriFlo pump compared to the RP (47 mm Hg vs. 25 mm Hg) (Figure 1). Although the pump flow during CPB was comparable (Both approximately 1.3 L/min), cardiac output was higher in the VentriFlo pig during the post-CPB period (1-3 hours) compared to the RP pig (2.2 L/min vs. 1.1 L/min). Regarding blood tests, the RP group exhibited a higher white blood cell count (21,800/uL vs. 13,150/uL in the VentriFlo pig). Conclusion: The VentriFlo pulsatile pump demonstrated the capability to deliver and maintain normal pulsatile flow and optimal cardiac output during and after CPB. More studies will be necessary to elucidate longer duration postoperative outcomes in cardiovascular surgical setup.Figure 1. Left – Aortic pulse pressure during the study. Middle – cardiac output post CPB. Right – WBC, white blood cell count. CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass.
A Survey on the Micro-morphologic Character of Four Carnivore's Straight Guard Hair

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A study of scale pattern of straight guard hair's from the back,the abdomen,the neck and the hip of Large Indian civet(Viverra zibetha),Small Indian civet(Viverricula indica),Masked palm civet(Paguma larvata) and Leopard cat(Felis bengalensis) was conducted by scanning electronic microscope and optics microscope.The result showed that there were differences in the scale pattern between families,genera and species,the differences were also found in different parts of the same animal and different parts of the same hair.The four mammals would be distinguished by analyzing the micro-structural morphologic characters of their hair,but there existed difficulty were distinguished identification.
Trends and Tradeoffs in Department of Defense Automatic Test System Measurement Receivers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the past, many weapon system programs were independently developed and fielded which resulted in redundant Automatic Test System (ATS) development efforts, different ATS support requirements, and a correspondingly high cost of ownership. In response to this, the Department of Defense (DoD) created its Automatic Test Systems Master Plan, updated most recently in 2017. This document outlines four primary objectives for future ATS. Those objectives promote open test system architectures and commonality of hardware and software components to improve interoperability across the Services and reduce total cost of ownership, all while supporting current and future needs of the warfighter. In support of these DoD ATS goals, industry has responded with enhancements in the technology of test system components and architecture. This paper reviews past, present, and future trends in the evolution of test equipment and describes tradeoffs between different types of measurement receivers and their characteristics as it pertains to supporting the DoD ATS goals and future weapon systems. The paper presents the reader with all relevant information needed to make informed choices which will satisfy their ATS requirements now and in the future.
Nesting the Sino-Russian Border and the Tumen Project in the Asia-Pacific: Heilongjiang’s Regional Relations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract: Scholars studying China’s relations with Asia-Pacific regimes, Northeast Asian regimes, and the Sino-Russian border have treated each regime as independent and separate from the others—as parallel institutions with incompatible rules and norms. This article argues that China’s capacity to create parallel institutions is limited by the norms of the regional and subregional regimes that make up the East Asian international system and transnational linkages developed at the local level. An evolving Chinese definition of national interests in regional cooperation is the result of international learning, involving processes of bargaining domestically and internationally. The Sino-Russian border regime and the Northeast Asian regime forming around the Tumen River project are shaped by domestic center-local bargaining and differences. Heilongjiang Province has sought to be the center of China’s participation in regional economic cooperation in competition with and Jilin provinces, redefining China’s international comparative advantage, changing the nature of Chinese participation in the Tumen project, and provoking a local Russian backlash in the Russian Far East.
THE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF MORALE IN ALICE THROUGH THE LOOKING GLASS MOVIE (ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM STUDENTS FOURTH SEMESTER CLASS A OF BENGKULU UNIVERSITY ACADEMIC YEARS 2016/2017)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Penelitian ini berkaitan dengan moral yang terdapat di dalam film, persepsi siswa terhadap moral yang terdapat di dalam film dan pengaruh moral di dalam film Alice through the look glass kepada Siswa Kelas A Semester IV program studi bahasa Inggris Universitas Bengkulu. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Deskriptif Kuantitatif. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan kuesioner dan wawancara sebagai instrumen. Dalam kuesioner peneliti menggunakan pertanyaan tertutup dan terbuka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa memiliki persepsi yang baik tentang moral yang terdapat di dalam film, oleh karena itu ada kesesuaian antara jawaban siswa dan hasil analisis peneliti. Ada 15 moral yang didapatkan oleh peneliti dan para siswa. Selanjutnya, ada beberapa pengaruh moral tersebut kepada siswa, seperti; Para siswa bisa membangun karakter, sikap, perilaku, dan perilaku sosial yang baik dan bisa membedakan apa yang benar dan apa yang salah.
The Political Economy of Public Subsidies

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The article presents a model to explain cross-national variations in public subsidies. The model incorporates demand-and-supply variables as well as the effects of policy linkages. It predicts that public subsidies are higher in small countries, where unemployment is high, agriculture plays a large role in the economy, left-wing parties are in power, and tariffs and social security transfers are low. The findings tend to confirm six of the seven hypotheses. The study supports Cameron's (1978) assertion that the openness of the economy is a major factor in the expansion of the public economy. Even though the data do not clearly confirm or disconfirm any specific theoretical framework, they are more consistent with the pluralist model, with its insistence that political influence varies from issue to issue and that political actors play a major role in the policy process. Finally, the most interesting finding pertains to the role of policy linkages.
A System Dynamics Model to Facilitate the Development of Policy for Urban Heat Island Mitigation

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This article presents a customized system dynamics model to facilitate the informed development of policy for urban heat island mitigation within the context of future climate change, and with special emphasis on the reduction of heat-related mortality. The model incorporates a variety of components (incl.: the urban heat island effect; population dynamics; climate change impacts on temperature; and heat-related mortality) and is intended to provide urban planning and related professionals with: a facilitated means of understanding the risk of heat-related mortality within the urban heat island; and location-specific information to support the development of reasoned and targeted urban heat island mitigation policy.
FBI v. Apple and beyond: Encryption in the Canadian Law of Digital Search and Seizure

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The stakes have never been higher in the arms race among tech companies, hackers and law enforcement. Tech companies are continually developing measures to enhance the digital security of their users. Hackers and law enforcement agencies, while working toward very different objectives, are themselves developing new techniques to circumvent this encryption in order to access the treasure trove of information contained in digital devices and communications services. In the USA, the fight between the FBI and Apple over the encryption of iPhones has become a flashpoint for this controversy. Tim Cook, the CEO of Apple Inc., has attracted headlines with his highly publicised challenge to court orders obtained by the FBI compelling Apple to assist in unlocking iPhones. This paper examines the implications of the FBI v. Apple dispute in the Canadian context. The authors set out the legal and policy context of the FBI v. Apple debate before exploring the legal dimensions of encryption in Canada. The authors show that the state of Canadian law is unsatisfactory. Clearer safeguards are needed to protect third parties from unduly burdensome law enforcement requests and to protect the privacy of the end users of digital devices and services.