jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Spacecraft Dynamics as Related to Laboratory Experiments in Space

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Proceedings are presented of a conference sponsored by the Physics and Chemistry Experiments in Space Working Group to discuss the scientific and engineering aspects involved in the design and performance of reduced to zero gravity experiments affected by spacecraft environments and dynamics. The dynamics of drops, geophysical fluids, and superfluid helium are considered as well as two phase flow, combustion, and heat transfer. Interactions between spacecraft motions and the atmospheric cloud physics laboratory experiments are also examined.
Case study for placement solutions in ispd11 and dac12 routability-driven placement contests

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Routability is a critical issue in VLSI design flow. To address this issue, the routability-driven placement contests [1, 2] held at ISPD11 and DAC12 promote the development of routability-driven placers such as those in [4-6]. ISPD11 and DAC12 contests adopt metrics that are based on global routing solutions to evaluate the routability of placement solutions. However, such global-routing-based metrics typically ignore local congestion, and they cannot evaluate the actual routability effectively. In this work, we develop a translator that allows us to feed the placement solutions of mPL [3], NTUplace [4], Ripple [5], and SimPLR [6] into a commercial router for detailed routing. We then analyze the detailed routing result of each placement solution to better understand the issues that may cause routing violations. Moreover, we examine the suitability of using the ISPD11 and DAC12 metrics in predicting routability. Our findings indicated that the metrics might not reliably predict actual routability, in terms of the number of (detailed) routing violations.
Oxygen sensitivity in the sheep adrenal medulla: role of SK channels

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The hypoxia-evoked secretion of catecholamines from the noninnervated fetal adrenal gland is essential for surviving intrauterine hypoxemia. The ion channels responsible for the initial depolarization that leads to catecholamine secretion have not been identified. Patch-clamp studies of adrenal chromaffin cells isolated from fetal and adult sheep revealed the presence of a Ca 2+ -dependent K + current that was reduced by hypoxia. Apamin, a blocker of small-conductance K + (SK) channels, reduced the Ca 2+ -dependent K + current, and the sensitivity of the channels to apamin indicated that the channels involved were of the SK2 subtype. In the presence of apamin, the hypoxia-evoked change in K + currents was largely eliminated. Both hypoxia and apamin blocked a K + current responsible for maintaining the resting potential of the cell, and the depolarization resulting from both led to an influx of Ca 2+ . Simultaneous application of hypoxia and apamin did not potentiate the increase in cytosolic Ca 2+ concentration beyond that seen with either agent alone. Similar results were seen with curare, another blocker of SK channels. These results indicate that closure of SK2 channels would be the initiating event in the hypoxia-evoked catecholamine secretion in the adrenal medulla.
Population-based birth-defect and risk-factor surveillance: data from the Northern Netherlands

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In many countries, birth defect monitoring systems have been set up in order to identify new teratogens as soon as possible. The usual approach to monitoring involves analysis of the frequency of specific birth defects over time. This approach has been criticized as having poor statistical power to detect epidemics due to new rare teratogenic exposures. A proposed alternative approach is the on-going analysis of risk-factor data with a case-control approach. In this paper, we present birth-defects and risk-factor surveillance data from the Northern Netherlands (NNL). For years of birth 1981-1994, 4014 cases had been registered. We investigated combinations of 32 diagnostic categories and 77 risk factors. For 10 combinations a P value < 0.01 was found; for another 25, the P value was between 0.01 and 0.05. We then checked these positive associations against data from the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP) and the MAternal DRug Exposure surveillance project (MADRE). In all three data sets, an association between maternal use of psychotropic drugs (psycholeptics) and cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CLP) was present. The highest odds ratio was found for CLP and maternal use of oxazepam in the NNL data (OR = 8.17, 95% CI 1.26-42.2). Both in the MACDP data and in the NNL data, an association between maternal smoking and clubfoot was found. Although the odds ratios were low, the attributable fraction derived from the NNL data was 11%. Methodologic issues that should be considered in this approach include exposure ascertainment and classification, outcome specificity, and type I errors. The strengths of this approach include its population-based nature and the ability of users to check results against results from other similar systems.
Analysis of strut forces for braced excavations in sand

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Most numerical studies published for braced excavations involve soft to stiff clays, but few studies involve braced excavations in sand. Therefore this study looks into the numerical analysis of strut forces for braced excavations in sand via the finite element method. Two dimensional (2D) finite element analysis was carried out using PLAXIS 2D to compare strut forces obtained from numerical analysis against the semi-empirically derived apparent pressure diagram. Parametric studies were also done to investigate the effects of wall stiffness, depth from base of excavation to hard stratum, D/T ratio (D=wall embedment depth, T=depth of base of excavation to hard stratum), sand stiffness, and sand friction angle on strut forces. The results show that the apparent pressure diagram generally overestimates strut forces for the upper two struts and underestimates strut forces for the lower two struts. The parametric studies conducted show that increasing wall stiffness does not lead to increased strut forces. Lower strut forces are obtained when the depth from the base of excavation to hard stratum is increased. For a constant D/T ratio, higher magnitudes of both the D and T values will result in lower strut forces. However, when different D/T ratios are used, it was found that lower D/T ratios lead to lower strut forces. For a constant T, results show that increasing the wall embedment depth (D) has no impact on strut forces. Increasing sand stiffness alone did not result in significantly lower strut forces. However, increasing sand friction angle, which brings about a higher sand stiffness, results in significantly lower strut forces.
Retroperitoneal Extra-gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Presenting With Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are rare soft-tissue neoplasms, the incidence of which is 1–3% of all malignant gastrointestinal tumors. Tumor size is reported to be a major determinant of recurrence in patients with resectable gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Here, we describe our experience in managing a large extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumor arising from the retroperitoneum.
Investigation of Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Efficacy of Newly Synthesized Pyrogallol-Coumarin Hybrids: In Vitro and In Silico Studies

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: The aim of this study is to present the synthesis of two new compounds with promising antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties using precursors that contain pyrogallol and coumarin units. Methods: The characterization of the obtained compounds (PCHs) (E)-N′-(1-(2,4-dioxochroman-3-ylidene)ethyl)-2,3,4-trihydroxybenzohydrazide (PCH-1) and (E)-N′-(1-(2,4-dioxochroman-3-ylidene)ethyl)-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzohydrazide (PCH-2) was performed using various spectroscopic methods in combination with the DFT methods. To evaluate antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities, PCHs were tested against 13 different types of microorganisms and soybean lipoxygenase. To determine the specific mechanisms of anti-LOX activity, molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies were performed. Results: These compounds had the most potent antibacterial activity against the bacterium Proteus mirabilis ATCC 12453, with a MIC value of 31.125 µg/mL. In addition, three standard bacterial species were chosen to evaluate the antibiofilm activity of tested substances. The results showed that the strongest effect of PCH-2 was noticed on the biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (BIC50 at 378 µg/mL). The anti-LOX results indicate that PCHs have excellent activity with the IC50 value for PCH-1 = 38.12 μM and PCH-2 = 34.12 μM. Conclusions: The obtained in vitro and in silico results confirm the strong inhibitory potential of the investigated compounds.
The formation of Middle and Upper Pleistocene terraces (&lt;i&gt;Übergangsterrassen&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Hochterrassen&lt;/i&gt;) in the Bavarian Alpine Foreland – new numeric dating results (ESR, OSL, &lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;C) and gastropod fauna analysis

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Until now, reliable chronological classifications based on numerical ages for many Pleistocene fluvial deposits in the Alpine Foreland were rare. In this study, new numeric data (ESR, OSL, 14C) from Middle and Upper (Late) Pleistocene Hochterrassen (high terraces) and Übergangsterrassen (transitional terraces) in the Bavarian Alpine Foreland are presented. The dating results imply that the Hochterrassen gravel sensu stricto were deposited during the penultimate glacial (MIS 6, Rissian), and that underlying older gravel accumulation are predominantly of penultimate interglacial (MIS 7, Riss–Riss interglacial) age. In some areas of the Hochterrassen in the Danube valley south of Regensburg (interglacial Hartinger Schichten, Harting layers), and in some areas of the Rainer Hochterrasse (basal gravel unit I), Hochterrassen gravels are underlain by much older interglacial gravel deposits. These interglacial basal gravel deposits illustrate that the downcutting of these valleys far away from areas of Pleistocene foreland glaciations happened predominantly during warm-temperate interglacial or late-glacial periods. One last interglacial (MIS 5e, Riss–Würm interglacial) Hochterrasse is morphologically preserved in the Isar valley. This Jüngere Moosburger Hochterrasse is composed of the Fagotienschotter (Fagotia gravel, named after the gastropod Fagotia acicularis). The next younger terraces are the Early to Middle Würmian (MIS 5d to MIS 3?) Übergangsterrassen (transitional terraces), whereas the younger one of the two Übergangsterrassen was formed most probably during the Middle Würmian (MIS 3).
Exploring the genre of undergraduate teacher education acknowledgments

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Genre-based studies in various disciplines have continuously flourished throughout the years. Despite this proliferation, local studies dealing with the acknowledgment section of the undergraduate theses tend to be premature most specifically in the field of Teacher Education (TE). The study aimed to analyze, through the presence of moves, the overall structure of the thirty (30) randomly sampled undergraduate acknowledgments from the field of TE using Hylandâ€™s model. The findings revealed that the undergraduate acknowledgment structure was comprised of Thanking Move which is the most pervasive move, followed by the Reflecting Move. Though the Announcing Move was notpresent, one unique move, which is Thanking God, appeared to be dominating in the corpus. It is suggested for future studies to increase the number of the corpus in order to yield more interesting results and explore the socio-cultural aspect of the investigated genre.
HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT : Impact of internship on hotel operation

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The primary objective of this thesis was to develop and promote internship. Internship is the way to help student to get acquainted with what they had did in their school days. Internship can be very useful to utilize time, get practical knowledge. Additionally, this study was directed towards following specific objectives; to analyse the effectiveness of the involvement of hotel management education in the hotel operation during the study period. \n \nThis thesis illustrates the role of internship and work placement for student. Also the positive effect of internship to enter in the work force. To write this thesis textual analysis and quantitative research has played the vital role. Quantitative research method and textual analysis shows the outline for the thesis. In this thesis you will be able to find out different method used to write this thesis. \n \nThis thesis was written about internship and to get acquainted with hospitality management. A major finding of this thesis has proven that knowledge has both theoretical and practical sides. This thesis overall dealt with hospitality management where all knowledge was seen as essential for the bright future. \n \nThis result used after the research has been presented in the tabulated form and described it with the help of graph. The result presented here are all true with respect and 18 questions were asked to 30 employee and interns of the hotel. Later on the results are described in more details with other information.
Emergence of visual content in the human brain : investigations of amblyopia, blindsight and high-level motion perception with fMRI

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Amblyopia designates visual deficits that result from abnormalities in the experience dependent development of cortical functions We investigated in human subjects neuronal correlates of amblyopic deficits resulting from early onset strabismus or anisometropia by monitoring visual responses in early visual areas V1, V2, V3, VR V3a, V4A/8 with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) Areas of the visual cortex were identified by mapping retmotopic representations and amblyopic deficits were measured by activating cortex with square wave gratings of four spatial frequencies (0.5, 4.0, 8.0 and 16 0 c/deg) In lower visual areas (V1 / V2) stimuli presented to the normal and the amblyopic eye evoked strong responses irrespective of spatial frequency while responses to the amblyopic eye were reduced in higher areas of the ventral visual stream (V4 / V8, lateral occipital complex, LOC), especially for high frequency gratings This suggests that transmission of activity from the amblyopic eye is increasingly impaired while it is relayed towards higher processing levels.
Multiple Effects of Rifamycin Derivatives on Animal‐Cell Metabolism of Macromolecules

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A group of rifamycin derivatives were tested against the nucleolar and nucleoplasmic RNA polymerases from three types of animal cells. It was found that several compounds effectively inhibited such enzymes without substantial discrimination. In addition, the same derivatives inhibited polyphenylalanine synthesis in an animal cell‐free system. Experiments with intact Hela cells showed that the synthesis of RNA, the processing of rRNA, the synthesis of DNA and the uptake of nucleosides were inhibited by rifamycins. It is concluded that the specificity of rifamycin effects obtained at the concentrations that appear to be necessary to interfere with normal (or virus‐directed) processes in animal cells can be seriously questioned.
ASDI:Design of the Sustainable Development Comprehensive Development Index of the Airport Based on the M-AHP-entropy Weight Method

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Deriving from the evaluation of sustainable development of the airport,the objective of this research has designed the sustainable development assessing indicator system in the airport,which includes 1 objective,3 rules indicators and 20 monomial indicators.In order to get the sustainable development comprehensive development index of the airport,the quantitative evaluation sustainable development comprehensive index model is established in this paper,based on the M-AHP-entropy weight method which combines the subjective weight with objective weight.Finally,a positive research based on Shanghai airports is given.The results indicate that evaluation system and method is scientific and reasonable,conforming to the actual situations.
Physico-chemical Properties of forest Soils of Chhotaudepur Division

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The study highlights the physico-chemical properties of soil under different forest classes i.e. closed Teak forest , closed mixed forest , open mixed forest , degraded forest , scrub and scrub with coppice forests , of Sajwa , Kalarani and Boriad rounds of Chotaudepur Forest Division , Vadodara District (Gujarat). This was done to have the primary information on the status of the forest soils. The physical properties of soils such as colour , texture , field capacity , pH , EC and chemical properties such as macronutrients like N , P and K and some of the micronutrients such as Z , Fe , Mn and Cu were determined for forest classes. Soils had a higher nutrient status (both macro and micro) in their topsoil. Some exceptions have been observed where the concentration of micronutrients like Mn , Fe and Cu and macronutrients like N , P and K increased in sub-surface soils. Fe and N in closed mixed forest and degraded forest , Cu and Fe in degraded and scrub forest and P and K in open mixed forest increased in sub-surface soils. The concentration of the macro- and micro- nutrients were also in good amount. Thus it shows that the soils of the forests at present are in good shape.
Student Political Participation in the 2023 Medan State University Elections

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Indonesia is a democratic country. One of the indicators in measuring the level of democracy is political participation. The implementation of political participation in society is in the election of people's representatives. The election process is known as elections. Elections do not only exist in the community, but in the scope of the campus there is also what is known as Pemira. Pemira (General Election) is the biggest democratic party at Medan State University. Just like a country that has a leader as a representative of the people, students also have a high official who acts as a representative of students at both the university and faculty levels. Based on data that suggests that student political participation is low in Pemira 2023, namely 65% of students do not use their voting rights. The purpose of this research is to find out how political participation and what obstacles students experience in Pemira 2023.This type of research is descriptive research with qualitative research methods. The informants in this study were students in the Civics department, the Pemira committee, and the Vice Dean 3 of FIS. The data used in this research are primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques using interview techniques, with data collection instruments in the form of interview list sheets, books, journals, diaries, cameras, recording devices and so on. Data analysis used qualitative data analysis through 3 stages, including data reduction, data presentation, and verification/conclusion. The results showed that in Pemira 2023 the level of student political participation was low due to low student curiosity in Pemira and low student interest in becoming contestants in Pemira due to other tasks and student distrust of the organizations offered. The obstacles experienced by students in the 2023 Pemira were related to the low role of the committee in socializing information related to system improvements in the application used for elections, which caused many students to be unable to enter the Pemira application and did not exercise their voting rights.
Black Box Identification of Earth's Climate System

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Climate models allow simulating and evaluating the responses of Earth's climate to imbalance factors (known as forcing factors): human, volcanic and solar activities. The purpose of this paper is to assess the respective contributions of these factors only from observations, modern or paleoclimatic, without resorting to any a priori quantification of energy flows generated by forcing factors, nor of the coefficients of sensitivity of global temperatures to these energy fluxes. For this purpose, an energy balance model is calibrated from classical identification techniques (in the sense of systems theory). It is a black box approach, i.e. based exclusively on observations. Despite the diversity and relative inaccuracy of the models obtained, the simulated contributions of the forcing factors are found to be incompatible with the generally accepted levels. The sensitivity to solar activity appears to be underestimated in a ratio up to 6 or 15; volcanic activity is overestimated at least in a ratio of two. More importantly, the contribution of human activity to recent warming could be negligible compared to that of the internal climate variability. These results are based on objective probabilities, directly derived from observations, which in science prevail over any theoretical speculation. Although they must obviously be received with caution, they cannot be ignored, and we conclude by giving some explanations to the deviations from the prevailing consensus.
Bisphosphonates and the risk of atrial fibrillation.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Osteoporosis is a growing problem in an ageing society. It affects women of post-menopausal age, as well as elderly subjects of both sexes, often with dysfunction of the cardiovascular system or with an increased risk of circulation disorders. It has been found that the mortality rate of subjects with osteoporosis is comparable to that of patients suffering from such diseases as obturative pulmonary disease or myocardial ischaemia. Bisphosphonates are the most thoroughly studied group of drugs prescribed for the treatment of osteoporosis. Their administration is, however, associated with a risk of adverse symptoms, which can occur as gastro-intestinal tract disturbances, muscular-osseous pains, mandible necrosis, atypical fractures and other symptoms. Recently, there has been discussion about an increased risk of atrial fibrillation in bisphosphonate-using female patients. This paper focuses on this particular problem, while summing up the actual status of knowledge regarding possible associations of bisphosphonates with cardiac rhythm disturbances.
Value contestations in development interventions: Community development and sustainable livelihoods approaches

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper situates community development and sustainable livelihoods approaches as forms of strategic thinking based on different value orientations within the development policy sphere. The two approaches are presented as part of a continuum in the field of development; however in their differences we see reflected a critical shift in the relationship between the state, the market and people. Despite these differences, what they both share is a dismissal of the value contestations that underpin people's livelihood interests and experiences. This argument is illustrated with a case from Bolivia, which demonstrates that any policy capacity to act at a local level today must involve a willingness to tackle issues of value contestation and the impacts of globalization. This raises the question of how policy values relate to the complexities of the everyday practicalities of livelihoods and livelihood discontinuities.