jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Operative Techniques and Outcomes in Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy (LRN) is one of the commonest minimal access urological surgical procedures for renal malignancies. The procedure involves the complete removal of the affected kidney, together with the adrenal gland and surrounding Gerota’s fascia along with the ureter as distal as possible. Advantages of LRN includes decreased intra-operative blood loss, decreased post operative pain, speedy recovery and decreased duration of hospital stay. This chapter aims to describe all the operative steps in an illustrated manner and also to highlight the difficulties which may be encountered by beginners and how to troubleshoot the various difficulties and complications during the procedure.
The United Nations and the Soviet Union: Diplomacy and Propaganda in the Twilight of the Cold War

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Referring to the preparation of Soviet diplomacy for the 3rd session of the UN General Assembly, this article examines the process behind the development of the political line of the Soviet delegation, as well as the principles of covering the “UN” theme by the press, informing the population and shaping public opinion on major international problems. On the basis of specific material, the author demonstrates the principles of Soviet diplomats’ work on the preparation of analytical materials, the development of recommendations, and the implementation of propaganda measures at the UN in response to the changing international situation. Archival materials allow us to understand the attitude of the Soviet political elite to multilateral diplomacy and reconstruct the USSR’s assessment of the effectiveness of the organisation’s activities both in the field of maintaining international security and in the non-political sphere. Referring to the analysis of materials from the Russian Foreign Policy Archive (AVP RF) and the Russian State Social and Political Archive (RGASPI), the author reconstructs the rationale behind the propaganda campaign in the Soviet press against Trygve Lie, the first UN Secretary-General, in connection with the publication of the annual report on the organisation’s work between 1947 and 1948. Coordinated criticism of the world’s highest-ranking diplomat became an integral part of the political game in connection with the settlement of the Berlin crisis, as well as an important element in the strategy of a massive propaganda offensive against the United States, aimed at portraying the Truman administration as the culprit of the imminent split in Europe and Germany.
Bumblebees learn foraging routes through exploitation–exploration cycles

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

How animals explore and acquire knowledge from the environment is a key question in movement ecology. For pollinators that feed on multiple small replenishing nectar resources, the challenge is to learn efficient foraging routes while dynamically acquiring spatial information about new resource locations. Here, we use the behavioural mapping t-Stochastic Neighbouring Embedding algorithm and Shannon entropy to statistically analyse previously published sampling patterns of bumblebees feeding on artificial flowers in the field. We show that bumblebees modulate foraging excursions into distinctive behavioural strategies, characterizing the trade-off dynamics between (i) visiting and exploiting flowers close to the nest, (ii) searching for new routes and resources, and (iii) exploiting learned flower visitation sequences. Experienced bees combine these behavioural strategies even after they find an optimal route minimizing travel distances between flowers. This behavioural variability may help balancing energy costs–benefits and facilitate rapid adaptation to changing environments and the integration of more profitable resources in their routes.
Digital Development and the Digital Gender Gap

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This rapid literature review collates findings from recently published papers on digital development and gender, highlighting some of the most commonly discussed discussions related to economic, social and political development. As the scope of this query is very large, this review provides an illustration of some of the commonly identified issues in the literature. The digital inclusion agenda seeks to close the gaps in access to, and adoption of, fast evolving information and communication technology (ICT) services, particularly mobile phones and the internet. It is an important aspect of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as both an end and a means to the cross-cutting policy aim of ‘leaving no one behind’. The potential gains from digital technologies are high, however they often remain unrealised, especially for women and girls (World Bank, 2016). There is a large and growing amount of recently published policy relevant literature on this broad ranging subject particularly in policy/practitioner papers and in academia.
SMG-1 kinase attenuates mitochondrial ROS production but not cell respiration deficits during hyperoxia

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Our findings show that hyperoxia does not promote a vicious cycle of progressive mitochondrial ROS and dysfunction because SMG-1-p53 signaling attenuates production of mitochondrial ROS without preserving respiration. This suggests antioxidant therapies that blunt ROS production during hyperoxia may not suffice to restore cellular respiration.
Source Separation of Piano Concertos with Test-Time Adaptation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Music source separation (MSS) aims at decomposing a music recording into constituent sources, such as a lead instrument and the accompaniment. Despite the difficulties in MSS due to the high correlation of musical sources in time and frequency, deep neural networks (DNNs) have led to substantial improvements to accomplish this task. For training supervised machine learning models such as DNNs, isolated sources are required. In the case of popular music, one can exploit open-source datasets which involve multitrack recordings of vocals, bass, and drums. For western classical music, however, isolated sources are generally not available. In this article, we consider the case of piano concertos, which are composed for a pianist typically accompanied by an orchestra. The lack of multitrack recordings makes training supervised machine learning models for the separation of piano and orchestra challenging. To overcome this problem, we generate artificial training material by randomly mixing sections of the solo piano repertoire (e.g., piano sonatas) and orchestral pieces without piano (e.g., symphonies) to train state-of-the-art DNN models for MSS. As our main contribution, we propose a test-time adaptation (TTA) procedure, which exploits random mixtures of the piano-only and orchestra-only parts in the test data to further improve the separation quality.
How effective are utility-value interventions, aimed at improving the academic performance of STEM students aged 18 to 25, in higher education settings?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Utility value interventions (UVIs) ask students to write short essays or letters about the personal relevance of course material to their lives or the lives of others; helping students to make meaningful real-life connections. UVIs are based on expectancy-value theory, which suggests that individuals pursue challenging tasks if they think they will succeed and if they find value in what they are learning (Eccles & Wigfield, 2002). This systematic literature review aims to examine how effective UVIs are at improving the academic performance of students aged 18 to 25, who are studying science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM) subjects in university. A systematic literature search was carried out on three databases and six studies met the inclusion criteria. One medium effect size was found, the rest were either small or negligible. As a result, the findings suggest that UVIs may have minimal impact on the academic performance of young people aged 18 to 25 who are studying STEM subjects in higher education settings. Future research should seek to address the limitations that were identified and investigate the effectiveness of UVIs for underperforming students.
Optimal planning and operation of combined cooling heat and power systems in future energy networks

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays, energy crisis has become a serious problem that many countries are facing with. In electric power industry, clean energy generation is considered as a method that are more efficient and environmental friendly. The close relation between power, cooling and heat make the combination of these energies in a system become possible. In this final year project, an optimal planning and operation dispatch of the micro-grid with combined cooling, heat and power (CCHP) system was proposed. The system presented in this project comprised multi-energy system and energy conversion devices. The objective function was the minimum of net present cost. In this optimization problem, mixed-integer linear programming and software YALMIP were adopted to search for the best solution. The solving method was applied to both separation generation and CCHP system as cases study. The results of simulation demonstrated that the proposed micro-grid with CCHP can decrease the consumption of fuel and increase the net present value of whole system. The study of this project proved the advantages of micro-system with CCHP system, and it deserves further research and can be widely used to alleviate energy crisis.
Why Are Indexicals Essential

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Despite recent challenges, it is commonly held that certain indexical terms such as ‘I', ‘here’ and ‘now’ have a necessary or ‘essential’ role in certain kinds of action. I argue that this is correct, and I offer an explanation. A use of an indexical term of the kind in question connotes a specific relation between the thinking subject and the reference of the indexical. The mental representation of this relation has an epistemic feature that I call first-person redundancy. I show through a regress argument that a mental state of this kind is essential for common kinds of action, and perhaps for all actions.
Spice Processing and Value Addition Opportunities for Start-up Entrepreneurs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

India is known as the home of spices and produces a wide variety of spices like black pepper, cardamom, ginger, garlic, turmeric, chilli, etc. Almost all the States and Union Territories of the country grow one or the other spices. Consistent effort by various agencies during the last one decade has improved the share of value added products in the export basket to more than 53%. The details of value added products obtained from important spices are discussed. Precautions to be followed during storage are: Traditionally, India has been exporting unprocessed bulk spices to the world market which earned less price in international market compared to value added products. A huge jump in the export of curry powders and other value added products of spices in the coming decade is expected which will yield more sustainability of agriculture in Kerala.
The Indirect Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy: Mortality Risk, Mental Health, and HIV-Negative Labor Supply

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

To reduce the burden of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, international donors recently began providing free antiretroviral therapy (ART) in parts of Sub-Saharan Africa. ART dramatically prolongs life and reduces infectiousness for people with HIV. This paper shows that ART availability increases work time for HIV-negative people without caretaker obligations, who do not directly benefit from the medicine. A difference-in-difference design compares people living near and far from ART, before and after treatment becomes available. Next we explore the possible reasons for this pattern. Although we cannot pinpoint the mechanism, we find that ART availability substantially reduces subjective mortality risk and improves mental health. These results show an undocumented economic consequence of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and an important externality of medical innovation. They also provide the first evidence of a link between the disease environment and mental health.
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Profiling of the Bioactive Compounds Present in Methanol Leaf Extract of Solanum Aethiopicum from Imo State, Nigeria

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The study aimed to access the bioactive compounds and functional groups present in Solanum aethiopicum using the Gas Chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer (GCMS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The GCMS showed Solanum aethiopicum showed a total of thirty-seven bioactive compound with the highest abundance being Squalene (21.13%), Palmitoleic acid (16.63%), 13-Octadecenal (16.63%) and 9-Octadecenoic acid (17.62%). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy of Solanum aethiopicum showed the presence of functional groups which include alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, primary (10) and secondary (20) amines, amides, imino, epoxy, peroxides, carboxylic esters, ethers, primary (10), secondary (20) and Tertiary (30) alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, thiols, cyanate, isocyanates and alkyl halides. These bioactive compounds with reference to literature revealed a variety of biological functions spanning across antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, analgesic, antimalarial, antifungal, anti-tumour, neuroprotective, anti-tumour, anti-cancer, anti-seizure, anti-allergy, anti beta-amyloid protein aggregation.
Pioneering New Approaches in Support of Sustainable Development in the Extractive Sector: GUIDELINES FOR CORPORATE STRATEGIC PLANNING FRAMEWORKS FOR COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

These Guidelines are designed to provide a framework for integration of community issues into the strategic planning, and management systems of companies in the natural resources sector. A broader discussion of the issues is available in a separate and longer version of this paper. The Guidelines are designed to assist in the effective deployment of skills, systems, and resources within the company to allow it to approach community development strategically as well as at an operational level. Corporate planning frameworks need to consider mechanisms for assessing and reporting back on the contribution of these Guidelines. A number of areas present themselves for future consideration: 1) the role and importance of community engagement functions within integrated hierarchies should, from the start, include the means for feedback and assessment of the applicability of the material; 2) the need for capacity-building among communities to increase their ability to be involved in sustainable engagement requires consideration of issues like the appropriate (non-mechanistic) translation of documents, the use of existing traditional information dissemination mechanisms for the communication of guideline content, and the opening of the engagement process to community feedback on adherence to the Guidelines.
Natural Language Can Help Bridge the Sim2Real Gap

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The main challenge in learning image-conditioned robotic policies is acquiring a visual representation conducive to low-level control. Due to the high dimensionality of the image space, learning a good visual representation requires a considerable amount of visual data. However, when learning in the real world, data is expensive. Sim2Real is a promising paradigm for overcoming data scarcity in the real-world target domain by using a simulator to collect large amounts of cheap data closely related to the target task. However, it is difficult to transfer an image-conditioned policy from sim to real when the domains are very visually dissimilar. To bridge the sim2real visual gap, we propose using natural language descriptions of images as a unifying signal across domains that captures the underlying task-relevant semantics. Our key insight is that if two image observations from different domains are labeled with similar language, the policy should predict similar action distributions for both images. We demonstrate that training the image encoder to predict the language description or the distance between descriptions of a sim or real image serves as a useful, data-efficient pretraining step that helps learn a domain-invariant image representation. We can then use this image encoder as the backbone of an IL policy trained simultaneously on a large amount of simulated and a handful of real demonstrations. Our approach outperforms widely used prior sim2real methods and strong vision-language pretraining baselines like CLIP and R3M by 25 to 40%. See additional videos and materials at https://robin-lab.cs.utexas.edu/lang4sim2real/.
First person – Xinrui Wang

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Disease Models & Mechanisms, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Xinrui Wang is first author on ‘Myh6-driven Cre recombinase activates the DNA damage response and the cell cycle in the myocardium in the absence of loxP sites’, published in DMM. Xinrui is a postdoctoral fellow in the lab of John Auchampach at the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA, investigating cellular and molecular mechanisms of myocardium re-muscularization after injury.
The Initial Growth of Native Species of Rhododendron Introduced in the Secondary Forest

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

京都市近郊の里山二次林を象徴する野生ツツジ類, コバノミツバツツジとモチツツジの直播き・ポット苗植栽・自生苗の移植を野生ツツジ群落の衰退しつつある二次林で行い, その初期成長を調べた。主な結果は以下のとおりである。1) 林外では厚層基材, 林内ではコケを播種基盤とし, 春の早い時期に播種すると播種数に対する実生成立比が高い。2) しかし, そのような条件でも実生成立比は15%以下であり, コケ培地では実生の成長は遅かった。3) 1年生苗の活着率は100%近くあり, 植栽後2年間は順調に成長した。4) 林外に移植された自生苗は特に当年生シュートの生産数が少なく, 移植元との環境の違いが活着を困難にしていると予想された。
New Tools, New Value

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay explores the manner in which music production software, by granting to users the capacity to experience music in ways they cannot on their own, undermines the modern form of subjectivity known as individuality. It critiques Jacques Attali's prognostication of a network of musical composition, under which musicians produce for themselves according to their own codes and outside the codes established by established by a particular historical configuration of power; draws on examples of contemporary musical forms, namely the mashup; and discusses the manner in which Audacity and similar software allows users to 'see music'. Thus I demonstrate that the new tools of musical production instantiate what Jonathan Sterne calls 'perceptual technics', by which the human body becomes incorporated into the process of valorisation by virtue of an ability it lacks. Such incorporation draws our attention to the manner in which traditional Marxist understandings of the relationship of the human to the machine—assumptions which Attali shares—are no longer valid. Attali's postmodern understanding was a powerful means by which to critique modern forms of power and subjectivity, but under postmodern conditions, when the individual becomes a 'dividual', new critical tools and concepts are needed to address a valorisation irreducible to a labour understood as discreet from the tools it 'uses'.
Muslim Digital Identities in Indonesia and Thailand

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examines the role of social media in shaping Muslim identities in Indonesia and Thailand, highlighting how national contexts mediate digital religious practices. Drawing on digital ethnography, surveys, and interviews, the research shows that online platforms function as key arenas where Muslims negotiate faith, authority, and identity. In Indonesia, a Muslim-majority society, social media is often intertwined with politics: it amplifies religious movements, mobilizes mass campaigns such as the 212 Action, and empowers digital preachers who redefine religious authority. Platforms like Instagram, YouTube, and TikTok shape public perceptions of piety by blending Islamic values with popular culture and commercial interests. In contrast, Thai Muslims—situated as a minority within a Buddhist-majority society—use digital platforms more subtly for cultural preservation, solidarity, and resistance against marginalisation. Online spaces enable them to assert belonging, challenge stereotypes, and sustain religious life otherwise constrained offline. Across both contexts, social media emerges not only as a medium of expression but also as a site of tension, fragmentation, and negotiation, underscoring its transformative power in the construction of Muslim digital identities in Southeast Asia.
Colour violence, deadly geographies, and the meanings of “race” in Brazil

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper analyses the relationships between "race" and violent victimization, and between "race" and support for violent practices of social control in Brazil, using nationally representative survey data. I start from the premise that "race" is a set of relational practices rather than bounded "racial groups". I operationalize this relational understanding of "race" methodologically by triangulating three measures of "race" – self-identified "census race", interviewer-identified skin colour, and racial composition of the municipality – in conjunction with measures of class, gender and space. I find that whiter geographic spaces have lower overall levels of violent victimization, but that interviewer-identified darker-skinned individuals are disproportionately victimized in these whiter geographic spaces. Controlling for other variables, self-identified census race is not correlated with violent victimization. I find that public support for violent practices can best be understood by considering people's simultaneous relationships to race, gender, class and spatial categories and hierarchies.