jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Optimum rate of nitrogen application and seed rate for deteriorated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In order to study the effect of seed quality (SQ), seed rate (SR), and nitrogen rate (NR) on yield and yield components of wheat, an experiment was conducted as a factorial-split plot based on the randomized complete block design with four replications in Golestan Province, Iran. Treatments included the combination of SR and NR (recommended rate, 15 and 30% higher than the recommended rate) as the main plots, and SQ (control, 15, 30 and 45 h of accelerated aging) as the subplots. The interaction of NR × SR was significant on 1000-seed weight, seed yield, plant height, the number of seeds, biological yield, and harvest index. There was a significant reduction in all traits with an increase in seed aging. Seed yield had a significant and positive correlation with yield components. Using higher density and applying higher nitrogen fertilizer than those of recommended could reduce the negative effects of seed aging in wheat.
Solar cell development research: a Sri Lankan perspective

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka publishes the results of research in all aspects of Science and Technology. The journal also has a website at http://www.nsf.gov.lk/. 2021 Impact Factor: 0.682The JNSF provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.
Cooling Effect of Cold Air Drainage on the Midslope of Mt. Rokko in Kobe

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

神戸市の六甲山地中腹において，冷気流の気温低減効果を明らかにするために，2016年7～11月を対象として風と気温の観測を実施し，解析を行った．山地中腹では，15時以降，北寄りの風が定常的に吹き始めるとともに，気温が急激に4～5°C低下する．この北寄りの風は冷気流であり，その吹送時間は15～07時で，風速は約1～2 m/sである．神戸市街地で広域海風の卓越する時間帯に，六甲山地中腹では冷気流が発生し，神戸市街地と異なる局地循環が成立することが明らかになった．
FACTORS CONTROLLING THE RESPONSE OF FIELD CROPS TO VERY LOW DOSES OF GAMMA IRRADIATION OF THE SEED

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Stimulation of growth by very low doses of ionizing radiation, or hormesis, is a widely documented phenomenon. The biochemical mechanisms are unclear and the phenomenon is sporadic, controlled by factors as yet only poorly understood. Our study addressed factors reported to control the growth response of plants to seed irradiation. A growth chamber experiment compared the effects of four radiation sources on three crop species. Early emergence of flax (Linum usitatissimum) and early growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) were increased by irradiation. These effects did not vary as a function of the photon-energy or dose-rate of the sources. Three field experiments were conducted where various cultivars and seed lots of wheat were irradiated at doses of 0.5–50 Gy using Cobalt-60. Early emergence was significantly accelerated in 7 of 18 seed lots. Grain yields were significantly increased in five cases for Neepawa or Glenlea cultivars, but were significantly decreased in nine other cases. The effects were not consistently related to measured seed lot characteristics, manipulation of the seed moisture content prior to irradiation, or the post-seeding environment as varied by delayed planting. In conclusion, there was some evidence of hormesis in emergence and early growth, but these effects did not persist to yield a benefit at harvest.Key words: Hormesis, stimulation, wheat, barley, flax, irradiation
Skull Base Metastasis From Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma -Two Case Reports-

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 58-year-old woman and a 71-year-old woman presented with extremely rare skull base metastases from follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). Surgical removal and external radiotherapy were performed followed by iodine-131 ((131)I) brachytherapy and thyroid hormone administration. The metastatic tumors in the skull base were well controlled. Treatment for skull base metastasis from FTC includes surgical debulking of the metastatic lesion, as well as complete resection of the thyroid gland, followed by internal irradiation with (131)I, external irradiation, and administration of thyroid hormone to prevent tumor growth by suppression of endogenous thyroid-stimulating hormone. Skull base metastases may be the initial clinical presentation of FTC, with silent primary sites. The possibility of skull base metastasis from FTC should be considered in patients with clinical symptoms of cranial nerve dysfunction and radiological findings of bone destruction.
A Prediction of Forest Vegetation based on Land Cover Change in 2090

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Korea's researchers have recently studied the prediction of forest change, but they have not considered landuse/cover change compared to distribution of forest vegetation. The purpose of our study is to predict forest vegetation based on landuse/cover change on the Korean Peninsula in the 2090's. The methods of this study were Multi-layer perceptrom neural network for Landuse/cover (water, urban, barren, wetland, grass, forest, agriculture) change and Multinomial Logit Model for distribution prediction for forest vegetation (Pinus densiflora, Quercus Spp., Alpine Plants, Evergreen Broad-Leaved Plants). The classification accuracy of landuse/cover change on the Korean Peninsula was 71.3%. Urban areas expanded with large cities as the central, but forest and agriculture area contracted by 6%. The distribution model of forest vegetation has 63.6% prediction accuracy. Pinus densiflora and evergreen broad-leaved plants increased but Quercus Spp. and alpine plants decreased from the model. Finally, the results of forest vegetation based on landuse/cover change increased Pinus densiflora to 38.9% and evergreen broad-leaved plants to 70% when it is compared to the current climate. But Quercus Spp. decreased 10.2% and alpine plants disappeared almost completely for most of the Korean Peninsula. These results were difficult to make a distinction between the increase of Pinus densiflora and the decrease of Quercus Spp. because of they both inhabit a similar environment on the Korean Peninsula.
SH1560149.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Enhanced positive magnetoresistance effect in GaAs with nanoscale magnetic clusters

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The enhanced positive magnetoresistance effect has been observed in GaAs containing nanoscale magnetic clusters. The ferromagnetic metallic clusters were embedded into GaAs by Mn ion implantation and rapid thermal annealing. Positive magnetoresistance in these structures has been observed and attributed to the enhanced geometric magnetoresistance effect in inhomogeneous semiconductors with metallic inclusions. The additional enhancement of positive magnetoresistance under light illumination is due to the higher mobility of photoexcited electrons in comparison with the mobility of holes in p-type GaAs prepared by Mn ion implantation.
$^{63}$Cu(I) binding to human kidney $^{68}$Zn$_7$-βα MT1A: determination of Cu(I)-thiolate cluster domain specificity from ESI-MS and room temperature phosphorescence spectroscopy

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Mammalian metallothioneins (MTs) are important proteins in Zn(II) and Cu(I) homeostasis with the Zn(II) and Cu(I) binding to the 20 cysteines in metal-thiolate clusters. Previous electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometric (MS) analyses of Cu(I) binding to Zn$_7$-MT were complicated by significant overlap of the natural abundance isotopic patterns for Zn(II) and Cu(I) leading to impossibly ambiguous stoichiometries. In this paper, isotopically pure $^{63}$Cu(I) and $^{68}$Zn(II) allowed determination of the specific stoichiometries in the $^{68}$Zn,$^{63}$Cu-βα MT1A species formed following the stepwise addition of $^{63}$Cu(I) to $^{68}$Zn$_7$-βα MT1A. These species were characterized by ESI-MS and room temperature emission spectroscopy. The key species that form and their emission band centres are Zn$_5$Cu$_5$-βα MT1A (λ = 684 nm), Zn$_4$Cu$_6$-βα MT1A (λ = 750 nm), Zn$_3$Cu$_9$-βα MT1A (λ = 750 nm), Zn$_2$Cu$_{10}$-βα MT1A (λ = 750 nm), and Zn$_1$Cu$_{14}$-βα MT1A (λ = 634 nm). The specific domain stoichiometry of each species was determined by assessing the species forming following $^{63}$Cu(I) addition to the $^{68}$Zn$_3$-β MT1A and $^{68}$Zn$_4$-α MT1A domain fragments. The domain fragment emission suggests that Zn$_5$Cu$_5$-βα MT1A contains a Zn$_1$Cu$_5$-β cluster and the Zn$_4$Cu$_6$-βα MT1A, Zn$_3$Cu$_9$-βα MT1A, and Zn$_2$Cu$_{10}$-βα MT1A each contain a Cu$_6$-β cluster. The species forming with >10 mol. eq. of $^{63}$Cu(I) in βα-MT1A exhibit emission from the Cu$_6$-β cluster and an α domain cluster. This high emission intensity is seen at the end of the titrations of $^{68}$Zn$_7$-βα MT1A and the $^{68}$Zn$_4$-α MT1A domain fragment suggesting that the initial presence of the Zn(II) results in clustered Cu(I) binding in the α domain.
A prescription for improvement: Health and Safety Measures

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The strategy of price liberalization and privatization had been implemented in Sudan over the last decade, and has had a positive result on government deficit. The investment law approved recently has good statements and rules on the above strategy in particular to pharmacy regulations. Under the pressure of the new privatization policy, the government introduced radical changes in the pharmacy regulations. To improve the effectiveness of the public pharmacy, resources should be switched towards areas of need, reducing inequalities and promoting better health conditions. Medicines are financed either through cost sharing or full private. The role of the private services is significant. A review of reform of financing medicines in Sudan is given in this study. Also, it highlights the current drug supply system in the public sector, which is currently responsibility of the Central Medical Supplies Public Corporation (CMS). In Sudan, the researchers did not identify any rigorous evaluations or quantitative studies about the impact of drug regulations on the quality of medicines and how to protect public health against counterfeit or low quality medicines, although it is practically possible. However, the regulations must be continually evaluated to ensure the public health is protected against by marketing high quality medicines rather than commercial interests, and the drug companies are held accountable for their conduct.
The effect of safety leadership, safety culture, and safety behavior on safety performance after a company merger: a case study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

After the merger of PT Pelindo, PT Pelindo Terminal Petikemas became one of the sub-holding companies in containers. In maintaining consistency with the implementation of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) after the merger, PT Pelindo Terminal Petikemas needs to understand the importance of safety leadership, safety culture, safety behavior, and safety perfor­mance in the OHS program's success. The study aimed to determine the effect of safety leadership on safety culture and safety performance, the effect of safety culture and safety behavior on safety performance, and safety behavior to act as a mediation between safety leadership and safety performance, and safety culture on safety performance at PT Pelindo Terminal Petikemas. The samples of 130 employees are then analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS software. The results showed that safety leadership has a significant effect on safety culture and safety performance. Safety culture and safety behavior have a significant effect on safety performance. Safety behavior can mediate between safety culture and performance, while safety behavior cannot act as a mediation between safety leadership and performance. This research implies that PT Pelindo Terminal Petikemas's management can select several strong and trustworthy employees from each terminal who merge to lead initiatives regarding company safety and communicate with the central command.
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS)-Assisted Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN)-Based 6G Communications: A Contemporary Survey

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This article examines the transformative potential of integrating reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) into sixth-generation (6G) wireless non-terrestrial networks (NTNs). The focus is on the RIS’s capability to address diverse user requirements, including secure data transmission, power efficiency, extended coverage, and enhanced data rates. The paper delves into the synergy between RISs and NTNs, emphasizing key components like multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems and advanced radio communications. Additionally, it highlights the crucial role of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in optimizing RIS-based beamforming to solve scientific and engineering challenges while ensuring energy efficiency and sustainability in NTN operations. By positioning RISs as a key enabler in shaping the future of wireless communication systems, this research underscores their significance in unlocking the full potential of NTNs and advancing next-generation wireless communications. This paper contributes valuable insights and projections for future research directions, highlighting RISs’ potential to revolutionize NTNs for 6G technologies.
Efficient Sonogashira Reactions of Aryl Bromides with Alkynylsilanes Catalyzed by a Palladium/Imidazolium Salt System

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A palladium/imidazolium chloride system has been used to mediate the cross-coupling reaction of aryl halides with alkynylsilanes. The combination of 3 mol % Pd(OAc)(2) and 6 mol % IMes.HCl in the presence of Cs2CO3 as base proves to be a highly efficient system in assisting coupling of aryl bromides with alkynylsilanes.
Optimization strategy based on deep reinforcement learning for home energy management

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the development of a smart grid and smart home, massive amounts of data can be made available, providing the basis for algorithm training in artificial intelligence applications. These continuous improving conditions are expected to enable the home energy management system (HEMS) to cope with the increasing complexities and uncertainties in the enduser side of the power grid system. In this paper, a home energy management optimization strategy is proposed based on deep Q-learning (DQN) and double deep Q-learning (DDQN) to perform scheduling of home energy appliances. The applied algorithms are model-free and can help the customers reduce electricity consumption by taking a series of actions in response to a dynamic environment. In the test, the DDQN is more appropriate for minimizing the cost in a HEMS compared to DQN. In the process of method implementation, the generalization and reward setting of the algorithms are discussed and analyzed in detail. The results of this method are compared with those of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to validate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The effectiveness of applied data-driven methods is validated by using a real-world database combined with the household energy storage model.
Leptin: A Novel Therapeutic Target in Alzheimer's Disease?

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

It is well established that the hormone leptin circulates in the plasma in amounts proportional to body fat content and it regulates food intake and body weight via its actions in the hypothalamus. However, numerous studies have shown that leptin receptors are widely expressed throughout the CNS and evidence is growing that leptin plays a role in modulating a variety of neuronal processes. In particular, recent studies have highlighted a potential cognitive enhancing role for leptin as it regulates diverse aspects of hippocampal synaptic function that are thought to underlie learning and memory processes including glutamate receptor trafficking, dendritic morphology, and activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. Characterisation of the novel actions of leptin in limbic brain regions is providing valuable insights into leptin’s role in higher cognitive functions in health and disease.
An investigation into counsellors’ perspectives of working with multicultural worldview: A qualitative study

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This qualitative study aimed to explore counsellor’s perspectives of working with multicultural worldview. The literature reviewed is from the cultural and counselling psychology base, and is biased towards the client perspective and predominantly US based. Whilst not directly informing the question within the aims of the study, it provides a valuable and informative insight into the subject of worldview and validates worldview as a subject worthy of investigation from the counsellor’s perspective. Drawing on data captured from recorded semi-structured interviews with counsellors, transcripts were analysed using the constant comparative method. Ethical considerations are addressed, and a reflexive account provided by the researcher. Findings are presented in narrative form, including supportive quotations taken from the recorded interviews. Main overview of findings: Participants focussed on client worldview rather than culture. Participants suspended their own worldview when working with clients, this was more important when working with clients who have very different worldviews to the counsellor. The degree of worldview suspension was dependent on the model in which the counsellor was working. The efficacy of recommendations that counsellors should immerse themselves in client culture to aid multicultural counselling competence was challenged. Empathy was used as a guide to how well the counsellor understood client worldview. Individualist participants tended to be more stable in worldview perception that collectivist participants. Participant worldview hybridity was explored and an explanation offered in relation to the links between modality, counsellor worldview, motivational ethos, and the theory of cultural accommodation. An informed and pertinent discussion of the findings, limitations of the study and implications for practice are presented. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of worldview. It is implied that, irrespective of a client’s culture, race or ethnicity, multi-cultural counselling practice could be improved by the counsellor’s perceptive use of their own, and their client’s worldview in the counselling relationship.
Tensor and pairing interactions within the quark-meson coupling energy-density functional

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In the latest version of the quark-meson coupling (QMC) model, QMCπ-III-T, the density functional is improved to include the tensor component quadratic in the spin current and a pairing interaction derived in the QMC framework. Traditional pairing strengths are expressed in terms of the QMC parameters and the parameters of the model optimized. A variety of nuclear observables are calculated with the final set of parameters. The inclusion of the tensor component improves the predictions for ground-state bulk properties, while it has a small effect on the single-particle spectra. Further, its effect on the deformation of selected nuclei is found to improve the energies of doubly magic nuclei at sphericity. Changes in the energy curves along the Zr chain with increasing deformation are investigated in detail. The new pairing functional is also applied to the study of neutron shell gaps, where it leads to improved predictions for subshell closures in the superheavy region.
Continuous decontamination of metal-polluted mine water using engineered hybrid adsorbent

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Mining industries contribute enormously to water pollution through discharge of effluents contaminated with metals. Metals-polluted water is a threat to aquatic and human lives as well as the general ecosystem. Numerous conventional treatment methods are available for the removal of metals from mine water, but majority of them are costly, inefficient for trace metal concentration, and generate voluminous secondary sludge. Therefore, there is need for alternative low-cost novel technologies capable of reducing metal concentration in water to acceptable levels. Adsorption technology is increasingly receiving preference because it is simple in design, requires low initial cost, easy to operate, can remove contaminants in trace levels and the possibility to develop and employ wide variety of adsorbents. This study, therefore, explored the removal of manganese [Mn (II)] from aqueous solution using a bentonite/metal oxide hybrid (B/MeOx/H) hydrogels adsorbent packed in a fixed-bed reactor. The adsorption performance was examined by breakthrough behaviors under various experimental conditions such as bed height and influent flow rate. It was found that increase in bed height resulted to increase in both breakthrough and saturation times, while it was opposite with influent flow rate. The breakthrough curves were characterized by slightly flatter breakthrough curves for large bed depth and low flow rate. The overall adsorption performance of the fixed-bed column highly depended on the operating parameters. The experimental breakthrough data was sufficiently described by Yoon-Nelson model. Bed depth service time (BDST) predicted well the breakthrough times for different flow rates. The findings demonstrate that B/MeOx/H hydrogel adsorbent could effectively polish mine water laded with trace concentration of Mn (II). Keywords—Adsorption, Breakthrough, Hybrid, Mine water
Management of Fungal Diseases of Temperate Rice in the Kashmir Valley, India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Over half of the world's population is fed by rice. It is consumed as a staple food by many countries worldwide. It is affected by a number of diseases among which fungal diseases contribute to its significant loss. Kashmir Valley located in the North Western Himalayan region of India is known for various coarse varieties of rice for their taste and elite class. However, the diseases cause a serious problem for the local farmers as well as the people who also consume rice as their staple food. One of the best remedies for disease management is the adoption of integrated disease management strategies, which include the use of resistant varieties, cultural practices, and judicious use of fungicides. In this review, we present the major fungal diseases affecting rice in Kashmir Valley and their management using Integrated Plant Disease Management (IDM).