jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Incidences of visceral metastases from prostate cancer increase after progression of castration-resistant status.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

291 Background: Recent advances in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) therapy are remarkable, but we often experience a case of visceral metastases caused after CRPC progression and few data regarding the onset of visceral metastases after CRPC are available. In the present study, we retrospectively examined visceral metastases of prostate cancer (PCa) at our hospital. Methods: Between 2000 and 2014, 1038 patients with PCa were treated at our hospital. We collected and retroactively analyzed data from medical charts. Variables of interest included the ratio to cause CRPC and visceral metastases, the relationship between the number of therapeutic agents and visceral metastases, overall survival (OS), etc. Results: Patients were diagnosed with T1-2 (72.1%), T3-4 (24.5%), N1 (10.3%), M1 (11.7%), and M1c (1.8 %). There were 144 (19.8 %) patients with CRPC and 43 (33.1%) patients with visceral metastases after CRPC progression. Patients with CRPC showed significantly longer OS than patients without CRPC (p < 0.01). Of those with CRPC, patients with visceral metastases exhibited significantly shorter OS (p < 0.01). Patients with liver/adrenal gland metastases exhibited the shortest OS of all patients with CRPC (p = 0.02). At diagnosis, the sites of visceral metastases included lung (89.5%), liver (5.3%), and adrenal glands (5.3%). After CRPC progression, new visceral metastases were found in the lung (47.3%), liver (43.6%), and adrenal gland (9.1%). Liver and adrenal gland metastases significantly increased after CRPC progression (p < 0.01). Additionally, the rate of new visceral metastases significantly increased as the number of therapeutic agents increased (p < 0.0001). The median number of therapeutic agents being used was determined at the onset of visceral metastases to the lung (1), liver , and adrenal grand (5) (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our findings confirmed that visceral metastases, especially liver and adrenal gland metastases, confer the worst survival. These metastases significantly increased as patients underwent powerful androgen deprivation therapy . Future prognostic improvements are expected through continued development of therapies for visceral metastases.
The iris in Williams syndrome.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Forty three children with Williams syndrome and 124 control subjects had their eyes photographed. The photographs were examined by three ophthalmologists and four geneticists of varying experience. A stellate pattern was noted more often in the irides of patients with Williams syndrome (51%) than in those of the control subjects (12%), and was more difficult to detect, or was absent, in heavily pigmented irides. We conclude that the stellate pattern is of diagnostic importance, particularly if the pattern is carefully defined and the clinician is experienced.
AltarNation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

AltarNation allows physically isolated individuals to participate in communities of meditation and tailor thier own meditative practices. By lighting candles, users enter a shared virtual community of users represented by a field of stars, each associated with a sound sample of a prayer, song, joy, or concern of another user. Existing practices of individual meditation and candlelight vigils inform this work. This paper describes implementation and design approaches of the AltarNation system.
Osteopontin regulates development and function of invariant natural killer T cells

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells belong to a subset of lymphocytes bridging innate and acquired immunity. We demonstrated that osteopontin (OPN) is involved in the activation of iNKT cells. In the present work, we examined whether OPN affects development and function of iNKT cells. We found that the number of peripheral iNKT cells was significantly reduced in OPN-deficient mice compared with wild-type mice. Although the number of thymic iNKT cells was not different between WT and OPN-deficient mice, intrathymic iNKT cell maturation was impaired in OPN-deficient mice. iNKT cell function was also significantly altered in OPN-deficient mice, as evidenced by ( i ) deficient down-regulation of iNKT cell receptor, ( ii ) reduction of IL-4 production while preserving production of IFN-γ, and ( iii ) reduction of Fas ligand (FasL) expression, leading to reduced Fas/FasL-dependent cytotoxicity against hepatocytes. Importantly, activation of the transcription factors NFAT2 (nuclear factor of activated T cells 2) and GATA-3 was impaired, whereas activation of T-bet was preserved in iNKT cells of OPN-deficient mice. These data collectively indicate that OPN plays a pivotal role not only in the development, but also in the function of iNKT cells.
Impact of semantic-aware radio resource management schemes on video streaming service

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Current wireless networks have no knowledge on the type and characteristics of the specific mobile services and contents they are providing (they are agnostic). On the other hand, associated to richer content and more advanced devices, improvement of Quality of Experience (QoE) levels perceived by each user looks as one of the main goals of the different actors in the telecommunication's ecosystem. In this respect, network awareness of the transferred content types and their quality requirements can be important to deliver them fulfilling user requirements while optimizing the utilization of network resources. In this paper, we explore the effect of including semantic knowledge in the radio resource management (RRM) schemes of cellular systems as a way to reach this balance for video streaming service. To make this possible, we propose a number of semantic-aware RRM schemes using information about the video playback's current status, and investigate their performances based on the reduction of the total time of interruptions (TTI) perceived by users when a video streaming content is played. The achieved results are compared to those of the standard agnostic scheme implemented in the cellular networks. The outcomes show that incorporating semantic-aware RRM schemes, more users can receive the content provided by a network within a tolerable level of TTI, while the number of users receiving High Definition (HD) videos can be increased, which in general terms might reduce the investment in infrastructure to fulfill users' requirements.
Vibrotactile and electrotactile perception of time-varying pulse trains

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

To establish the best strategy for transmitting speech-derived information via a single tactile channel, measurements were made on the perception of frequency- and/or amplitude-modulated pulse-train stimuli, with a comparison of the electrotactile and vibrotactile modalities. In one experiment, vibrotactile perception of 2-oct step changes in stimulus frequency was found to be significantly better than electrotactile on a timescale appropriate for the transmission of speech features (e.g., with practiced subjects, information transfer of 69% with 200-ms vibrotactile stimuli, 32% with 200-ms electrotactile stimuli). Perception of step changes in stimulus amplitude was similar in the two modalities when changes in amplitude were tailored to match the different dynamic ranges available. In a second experiment, vibrotactile perception of voice fundamental frequency with various codings was investigated. Both experiments showed information transfer for vibrotactile stimuli to be greater when frequency and amplitude modulation were used together rather than with one or the other in isolation (sentence-stress identification scores: 66% for FM stimuli, 69% for AM stimuli, 80% for FM/AM stimuli). It is concluded that frequency- and amplitude-modulated vibratory stimulation is a good choice in a practical device for the profoundly hearing impaired.
Supplementary Figure Legends 1- 4 from Targeting STAT3 in Adoptively Transferred T Cells Promotes Their <i>In Vivo</i> Expansion and Antitumor Effects

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplementary Figure Legends 1- 4 from Targeting STAT3 in Adoptively Transferred T Cells Promotes Their <i>In Vivo</i> Expansion and Antitumor Effects
A technique of assessing the status of sustainability of resources

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The sustainability of natural resources must be maintained, and the millennial generation must be responsible for that. Stakeholders play an important role in determining fisheries management practices, to assess fisheries sustainability indicators. Rapfish (rapid appraisal for fisheries) as an indicator-based tool will be able to evaluate the sustainability of fishery resources. The procedure for validating rapfish in this study has been applied, which is an evaluation tool based on multidisciplinary indicators (ecological, economic, social, and ethical aspects) to measure the sustainability of fisheries resources. Sustainability indicators are subject to the validation process based on feedback from resource owners, users, and experts. Using multi-criteria analysis such as the excellent weighting model and following the rules of the FAO-Code of Conduct. Based on the results of validation, suggestions have been made to improve the methodology and its practical application. Rapfish as a multidisciplinary tool, in this paper, shows that it has sufficient potential to evaluate the sustainability of fisheries resources.
99mTc-, 90Y-, and 177Lu-Labeled Iron Oxide Nanoflowers Designed for Potential Use in Dual Magnetic Hyperthermia/Radionuclide Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Development of a complex based on iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) for diagnosis and dual magnetic hyperthermia/radionuclide cancer therapy accomplishing high yields of radiolabeling and great magnetic heat induction is still a challenge. We report here the synthesis of citric acid, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(ethylene glycol) coated IONPs and their labeling with three radionuclides, namely, technetium (99mTc), yttrium (90Y), and lutetium (177Lu), aiming at potential use in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Polyol-synthesized IONPs are a flowerlike structure with 13.5 nm spherically shaped cores and 24.8 nm diameter. PAA-coated nanoparticles (PAA@IONP) showed the best characteristics such as easy radiolabeling with very high yields (>97.5%) with all three radionuclides, and excellent in vitro stabilities with less than 10% of radionuclides detaching after 24 h. Heating ability of PAA@IONP in an alternating external magnetic field showed intrinsic loss power value of 7.3 nH m2/kg, which is one of higher reported values. Additionally, PAA@IONP itself presented no significant cytotoxicity to the CT-26 cancer cells, reaching IC50 at 60 μg/mL. However, under the external magnetic field, they show hyperthermia-mediated cells killing, which correlated with the magnetic field strength and time of exposure. Since PAA@IONP are easy to prepare, biocompatible, and with excellent magnetic heat induction, these nanoparticles radiolabeled with high-energy beta emitters 90Y and 177Lu have valuable potential as agent for dual magnetic hyperthermia/radionuclide therapy, while radiolabeled with 99mTc could be used in diagnostic imaging.
Facial Electromyography as a Predictor of Treatment Outcome in Depression

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Electromyograms (EMGs) from the corrugator, zygomatic and splenius capitis muscle sites and Beck depression inventory scores were obtained from 21 depressed in-patients shortly after admission and after two weeks in hospital. Contrary to the result of a previous study by other investigators, significant covariation between depressive symptoms and corrugator EMG levels was not seen. However, consistent with a second finding of the previous study, initial corrugator EMG levels were shown to be significantly predictive of treatment outcome. Further, initial EMG from the zygomatic was also found to predict changes in depression. The explanation is unclear and further research is needed.
Consistency of response on a semantic memory task in persons with dementia of the Alzheimer type

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the test-retest response consistency rate on a semantic memory task in persons with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT). Ten mildly and 13 moderately impaired DAT subjects and 14 normal controls matched for age, years of education, and estimated IQ participated in this study. The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) was administered twice to each subject with a seven day inter-test interval. The mild and moderate DAT subjects responded inconsistently to significantly more PPVT items than normal controls. When the effects of guessing were considered, moderate DAT subjects gave significantly more inconsistent PPVT responses than normal controls and mild DAT subjects showed a trend towards giving more inconsistent responses. These results substantiate the conclusion that the impairment of specific conceptual knowledge in DAT subjects cannot be reliably measured with a single administration of a semantic memory task such as the PPVT.
The imaginery in Televised Talk. Permanence, change and conflict

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Summary: Discussion programmes, long dominated by the 'debate' model, were gradually superseded on French television in the mid-eighties by a new model known in professional and critical discourse by the generic term 'talk show'. This change can be imputed to a shift in the 'communicational imagination' of the professionals (presenters and producers) on whom the process of mediating these programmes depends. If we extend our investigation to include Europe and North America, we find that there are in fact several models, each fulfilling a different social function, which can broadly be described as 'talk shows'. The emergence and proliferation of such shows provides an effective indicator of a new relationship between television and its public, and of a new way of regulating programme schedules. It also makes possible a reconsideration of the elaboration of both internal and external communication contracts for studio performances in general.
Ischemia and Left Ventricular Dysfunction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There is convincing evidence that (prolonged) episodes of myocardial ischemia lead to impairment of left ventricular (LV) function and ultimately to chronic congestive heart failure(CHF), but whether the opposite is also true has not been well established. We studied this issue in two groups of CHF patients with positron emission tomography (PET) by using [13N]ammonia (13NH3) as a tracer. In the first protocol we compared 12 patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (who have normal coronary arteries) with 12 healthy controls. In the second protocol we studied a group of 24 patients with documented coronary artery disease (CAD). In this protocol, we compared patients with normal LV function to those with LV dysfunction and CHF. In patients with cardiomyopathy, myocardial blood flow at rest was normal but flow reserve (after dipyridamole infusion) was significantly impaired (1.7 ± 0.08) compared with normal subjects (2.7 ± 0.04; p <0.05). Furthermore, by examining [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) uptake, a perfusion-metabolism mismatch was observed in 24 ± 6% of the myocardium in patients with cardiomyopathy as opposed to 0% of normals (p <0.05). In patients with CAD, myocardial blood flow reserve (measured in non-stenotic arteries to non-infarcted area) was impaired in CHF patients (1.7 ± 0.06) compared to those with normal LV function (2.3 ± 0.05; p <0.05). In both groups of CHF patients, the impairment of blood flow reserve showed a significant correlation with the severity of CHF. In conclusion, myocardial blood flow reserve is impaired in patients with CHF in proportion to the degree of CHF. Metabolic studies with 18FDG further show that, in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and CHF, flow-metabolism mismatch is present in a substantial part of the myocardium, suggesting a pathogenetic role for ischemia.
A CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF LEUKEMIA AT A NAVAL NUCLEAR SHIPYARD

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A matched case-control study was conducted of 53 leukemia deaths and of 212 controls within a previously studied cohort of 24,545 on-shore workers employed between January 1, 1952 and August 15, 1977 at the Portsmouth (New Hampshire) Naval Shipyard. The study sought to ascertain a priori whether there was an association between leukemia deaths and occupational exposure to either ionizing radiation or organic solvents. To obtain information on individual exposures, radiation dose histories and detailed work histories by job and shop were evaluated for each subject. No statistically significant associations were found either between ionizing radiation or presumed solvent exposure and myelogenous or lymphatic leukemia. However, when specific job categories and shops were examined without benefit of a priori hypotheses, two occupations, electrician and welder, were found to be associated with leukemia. For electricians, the Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio (ORMH) was significantly elevated for all leukemias (ORMH = 3.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.29-6.98), particularly for lymphatic leukemia (ORMH = 6.00, 95% CI = 1.47-24.45). For welders, the odds ratio was not significantly elevated for all leukemias (ORMH = 2.25, 95% CI = 0.92-5.53), but was significantly elevated for myeloid leukemia (ORMH = 3.83, 95% CI = 1.28-11.46). These findings persisted when potential confounders were adjusted by means of a conditional logistic regression model.
Cone Beam X-ray Luminescence Computed Tomography Based on Bayesian Method

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

X-ray luminescence computed tomography (XLCT), which aims to achieve molecular and functional imaging by X-rays, has recently been proposed as a new imaging modality. Combining the principles of X-ray excitation of luminescence-based probes and optical signal detection, XLCT naturally fuses functional and anatomical images and provides complementary information for a wide range of applications in biomedical research. In order to improve the data acquisition efficiency of previously developed narrow-beam XLCT, a cone beam XLCT (CB-XLCT) mode is adopted here to take advantage of the useful geometric features of cone beam excitation. Practically, a major hurdle in using cone beam X-ray for XLCT is that the inverse problem here is seriously ill-conditioned, hindering us to achieve good image quality. In this paper, we propose a novel Bayesian method to tackle the bottleneck in CB-XLCT reconstruction. The method utilizes a local regularization strategy based on Gaussian Markov random field to mitigate the ill-conditioness of CB-XLCT. An alternating optimization scheme is then used to automatically calculate all the unknown hyperparameters while an iterative coordinate descent algorithm is adopted to reconstruct the image with a voxel-based closed-form solution. Results of numerical simulations and mouse experiments show that the self-adaptive Bayesian method significantly improves the CB-XLCT image quality as compared with conventional methods.
EVALUATION OF UNCONSTRAINING METHODS IN AIRLINES’ REVENUE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Airline revenue management systems are used to calculate booking limits on each fare class to maximize expected revenue for all future flight departures. Their performance depends critically on the forecasting module that uses historical data to project future quantities of demand. Those data are censored or constrained by the imposed booking limits and do not represent true demand since rejected requests are not recorded. Eight unconstraining methods that transform the censored data into more accurate estimates of actual historical demand ranging from naive methods such as discarding all censored observation, to complex, such as Expectation Maximization Algorithm and Projection Detruncation Algorithm, are analyzed and their accuracy is compared. Those methods are evaluated and tested on simulated data sets generated by ICE V2.0 software: first, the data sets that represent true demand were produced, then the aircraft capacity was reduced and EMSRb booking limits for every booking class were calculated. These limits constrained the original demand data at various points of the booking process and the corresponding censored data sets were obtained. The unconstrained methods were applied to the censored observations and the resulting unconstrained data were compared to the actual demand data and their performance was evaluated.
Predicting the capacity of a heat exchanger by a thermal network method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this paper a thermal network method using the effective specific heat model of a refrigerant with phase change is proposed for predicting the capacity of a plate‐fin and tube‐type heat exchanger. The effective specific heat model can attain an accurate result of a condenser's heat exchanging capacity when it has a small number of elements. By comparing calculated results with those of an experiment, it is found that the error in the condenser's calculated capacity is less than 1% when the range of subcool temperature is from 15 to 22 K at the outlet of refrigerant flow. © 2002 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 31(2): 128–140, 2002; DOI 10.1002/htj.10021
TIME-CONSUMING FITNESS FUNCTIONS APPROXIMATION FOR GENETIC ALGORITHMS PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Genetic algorithms are one of the most efficient meta-heuristics. The base of genetic algorithms is a set of candidate optimal solutions called population. The initial population usually is randomly generated. Optimization goes in epochs of new generations. New generations are produced after crossover and mutation. Mating between individuals is done after the selection of the better-fitted individuals. The fitness value of each individual is calculated by supplying the candidate solution to the optimized target function. The efficiency of the genetic algorithms is tightly related to the fast calculation of the fitness value. When the target function is a very timeconsuming one the efficiency of the genetic algorithms falls dramatically. This study proposes target function replacement by approximation function based on curve fitting.