jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn. IG 91538

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.
Common name(s): Wheat
Conserved by: International Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA), Lebanon
Local sample unique identifier: IG 91538
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1982
Other identifiers: n/a,ICDW 15239
Historical: No
Biological status: Breeding/research material
MLS status: Included
Heat Balance of Resting and Walking Goats: Comparison of Climatic Chamber and Exposure in the Desert

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this study we compared heat-balance experiments carried out under standardized and defined conditions-i.e., climatic chamber-with those performed under the complexity of natural conditions, using identical methodology and instrumentation. Heat production and the partitioning of evaporative cooling were measured in the black bedouin goat from the Sinai desert when the goats rested or walked on a treadmill in a climatic chamber (26 C and 40 C, relative humidity 30%). These were measured in the same goats while they were fully exposed to desert conditions. Heat production of resting goats was 2 kcal (kg.h)⁻¹ at 26 C and morning experiments in the field and 2.5 kcal (kg·h)⁻¹ at 40 C and noon experiments. Heat production of goats walking at a speed of 2.60-2.95 km·h⁻¹ was 4.1-4.9 kcal (g·h)⁻¹ in both climatic chamber and field experiments. Under mild conditions, 26 C and morning, evaporation dissipated up to 50% of the heat produced. At 40 C in climatic chamber, evaporation equaled heat production, but at noon in the desert it increased twofold. Under these desert conditions both resting and walking goats had the same excess, 1.72 kcal (kg·h)⁻¹, of evaporative heat loss over heat production. This represents the net heat load imposed by the desert environment; its magnitude approximately equals the goat's resting metabolism. In the climatic chamber the goats used mostly panting to dissipate heat. In the desert, however, the amounts of heat dissipated by sweating were twice as great as those lost through the respiratory system. These high rates of sweating (up to 143 g H₂O [m²·h]⁻¹) are attributed to the absorption of solar radiation, a factor which does not exist in the laboratory but is very prominent in the desert environment.
The mechanism of interaction between government and business structures in the development of the innovative potential of the region

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The mechanism of interaction between government and business structures in the development of the innovation potential of a region in Russia requires constant development and improvement, since only a balanced interaction of government and business at the regional level makes it possible to fully develop socio-economic development and, accordingly, realize the region's innovative potential. The authors examined the above problem and proposed a mechanism for the implementation of investment projects with the participation of regional authorities and business structures.
Transcriptome and Functional Analysis of Mating in the Basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT In this study, we undertook a functional characterization and transcriptome analysis that enabled a comprehensive study of the mating type loci of the mushroom Schizophyllum commune . Induced expression of both the bar2 receptor and the bap2(2) pheromone gene within 6 to 12 h after mates' contact was demonstrated by quantitative real-time PCR. Similar temporal expression patterns were confirmed for the allelic bbr1 receptor and bbp1 pheromone-encoding genes by Northern hybridization. Interestingly, the fusion of clamp connections to the subterminal cell was delayed in mating interactions in which one of the compatible partners expressed the bar2 receptor with a truncated C terminus. This developmental delay allowed the visualization of a green fluorescent protein (Gfp)-labeled truncated receptor at the cell periphery, consistent with a localization in the plasma membrane of unfused pseudoclamps. This finding does not support hypotheses envisioning a receptor localization to the nuclear membrane facilitating recognition between the two different nuclei present in each dikaryotic cell. Rather, Gfp fluorescence observed in such pseudoclamps indicated a role of receptor-pheromone interaction in clamp fusion. Transcriptome changes associated with mating interactions were analyzed in order to identify a role for pheromone-receptor interactions. We detected a total of 89 genes that were transcriptionally regulated in a mating type locus A -dependent manner, employing a cutoff of 5-fold changes in transcript abundance. Upregulation in cell cycle-related genes and downregulation of genes involved in metabolism were seen with this set of experiments. In contrast, mating type locus B -dependent transcriptome changes were observed in 208 genes, with a specific impact on genes related to cell wall and membrane metabolism, stress response, and the redox status of the cell.
Involving Undergraduates in the Annotation and Analysis of Global Gene Expression Studies: Creation of a Maize Shoot Apical Meristem Expression Database

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Through a multi-university and interdisciplinary project we have involved undergraduate biology and computer science research students in the functional annotation of maize genes and the analysis of their microarray expression patterns. We have created a database to house the results of our functional annotation of &gt;4400 genes identified as being differentially regulated in the maize shoot apical meristem (SAM). This database is located at http://sam.truman.edu and is now available for public use. The undergraduate students involved in constructing this unique SAM database received hands-on training in an intellectually challenging environment, which has prepared them for graduate and professional careers in biological sciences. We describe our experiences with this project as a model for effective research-based teaching of undergraduate biology and computer science students, as well as for a rich professional development experience for faculty at predominantly undergraduate institutions.
A Belief-Behavior Gap? Exploring Religiosity and Sexual Activity Among High School Seniors

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Religiosity, sexual activity, and contraception were examined via questionnaires and interviews in a diverse sample of 118 high school seniors. The majority reported religion to be important; importance and frequency ratings declined from private (e.g., prayer) to public (e.g., group activities) components of religion. Most were sexually active and used contraception. Nearly half acknowledged religious teachings on sexual activity, and one third believed premarital sex is proscribed. Religiosity items were negatively correlated with approval of sexual activity in hypothetical relationship scenarios, but religiosity was not related to self-reported sexual activity or contraceptive use. Participants emphasized relationships and physical health, not religious proscriptions, in their standards for sexual activity. Older adolescents may believe sexual activity is acceptable in committed romantic relationships.
Application of additive manufacturing in orbital-bone fracture reconstruction surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Restoration of orbital cavity generated due to injuries causes a deep blowout fracture which is challenging for surgeons to operate due to its complex anatomy. This research study focuses on the application of rapid prototyping for the repair of the orbital fracture using the intraoperative navigation system. The study was conducted on five patients who had undergone fracture in the orbital wall cavity. Using the computer tomography (CT) scan of the patient's head and capturing images as DICOM (Digital imaging and communication in medicine) which is reconstructed using the 3-D printing technique. Ophthalmic examination is carried out on surgical results for assessment. The application of 3-D printing for the diagnosis of orbital wall fracture proves to be a beneficial tool for the assessment of a patient's anatomical condition to improve clinical outcomes.
Integrating remote sensing resources for developing an effective forecasting model in the royal rainmaking operation in upper northern provinces of Thailand

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This research aimed at integrating data from remote sensing resources and machine learning for developing a forecasting model of successful royal rainmaking operation in the upper north provinces of Thailand. The Support Vector Machine (SVM), neuron network method, and decision tree (C4.5) were used for data integration and forecast modeling. The data were collected between 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2014 from four remote sensing resources: 1) Radiosonde data from the Meteorological Department; 2) Telemetering data from Hydro and Agro Informatics Institute; 3) Data from Meteorological Geostationary Orbit Satellite of Kochi University, Japan; and 4) Radiosonde data via SOND2 processing program from the Department of Royal Rainmaking and Agricultural Aviation. Dataset from all resources was totally 626 records. There were GPCM data in which 19 variables were selected from totally 57 variables; and data from MTSAT2 in which 109 variables were selected from totally 256 variables. The research findings are presented in three aspects: 1) Rainfall forecasting model, 2) Evaluation of successful opportunity model, and 3) Short term forecasting results. The evaluation of successful opportunity for rainfall forecasting in each province in the upper north of Thailand is also presented. It can be concluded that use of neuron network method with data from GPCM + MTSAT2 provides the most accurate rate for successful forecasting in daily royal rainmaking operation in the upper north of Thailand. However, for the rainfall forecasting (fall or not fall), it was found that use of data from MTSAT2 only is more accurate than use of data from GPCM only and GPCM + MTSAT2.
Mouse Model Behavior in APP/PS1 Mice Treated with a BBB-penetrating Erythropoietin Fusion Protein, cTfRMAb-EPO

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative condition in which a patient’s cognitive functioning, memory, and physical health progressively deteriorate. In order to treat physiological deterioration in AD, a neuroprotective recombinant human- erythropoietin (EPO) fusion protein was used. In addition to its ability to target amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation, EPO has been shown to reduce inflammation, oxidative stress and synaptic loss. Recombinant human-erythropoietin (EPO) was combined with a chimeric transferrin receptor (TfR) monoclonal antibody (cTfRMAb) to form a fusion protein (cTfRMAb-EPO) that is able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by binding to the TfR expressed on the luminal side of the BBB. Thirty eight male APPswePSEN1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice were separated into four treatment groups (wildtype (WT) treated with saline, APP/PS1 treated with saline (TG), APP/PS1 treated with cTfRMAb-EPO (cTfRMAb-EPO), and APP/PS1 treated with rHu-EPO alone (rhu-EPO)) and were subcutaneously injected with their respective treatments twice a week for six weeks. Recognition memory and locomotive behavior were tested through the novel object recognition (NOR) task and open field (OF) test when the mice were 8 months old and again at 11 months old (after 8 weeks of treatment) to determine treatment effects. Both behavioral tests demonstrated a clear age effect in mice between 8- and 11-months old. In the NOR task, no significant differences in recognition memory were observed in TG, cTfRMAb-EPO, or rHu-EPO groups. Lastly, the OF test demonstrated no significant behavioral differences among treatment groups.
Stiffness influence atlases of a novel flexure hinge-based parallel mechanism with large workspace

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Parallel-structure flexure mechanisms are increasingly designed due to their superior characteristics. This paper explores a novel six degree-of-freedom large workspace flexure parallel mechanism based on the concept of wide-range flexure hinge, which can attain sub-micron scale accuracy over cubic centimeter motion range. The geometric dimensions of the flexure hinges utilized in this mechanism as passive joints will influence the system stiffness directly and other properties indirectly such as the workspace, load-carrying capacity, and driving-load capacity etc. In this paper, the stiffness model of individual flexure hinge is established firstly, and then the stiffness of the whole flexure mechanism is modeled via assembling stiffness matrices and formulating constraint equations. Based on the system stiffness model of the whole mechanism, the stiffness atlases' analysis is presented which provides theoretical principles for designing and developing this kind of flexure parallel mechanism in further. Finally, a 6-PSS large workspace flexure parallel mechanism prototype is proposed according to the analysis results, which will be utilized in the precision positioning.
A Bayesian Network Framework for Operations of Circuit Breakers

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The digitalization of the electric grid is a major trend in today's energy industry and, especially With smart grid implementations, it is driving the innovation process in the whole sector. In particular, advanced analytics applications, e.g., prognostics, decision systems, and energy efficiency management, are gaining more and more importance for the involved players. This paper proposes a framework for the operation and support of circuit breakers during their entire operational life, i.e., components replacement and maintenance strategies. This is done by means of tools from the field of artificial intelligence, i.e., Probabilistic Graphical Models (PGMs). PGMs provide an easy and intuitive way to model dependencies and causalities, and represent, thus, an actionable solution for companies operating on the field.
Resource Partitioning and Hospital Specialization

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background: Organizational scholars have been debating over specialism and generalism, and which environment is better for specialists and for generalists. Methods: This study relies heavily on the work of Okasha (Okasha, 1995, Modeling the determinants of hospital services differentiation and specialization (Dissertation). Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond) and enhances it with available current literature on the topic. Okasha’s ( Modeling the determinants of hospital services differentiation and specialization (Dissertation). Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond) study tested the use of resource partitioning theory to explain the conversion of generalists to specialists under competitive environments. Results: The anticipated effect of buyers of care on hospital specialization was evident. Recent work on specialization (Eastaugh, 2014, Journal of Healthcare Finance) confirmed the trend. Conclusion: Buyer-related factors and organizational factors were the most important predictors of the positive change in hospital specialization between 1987 and 1993. High competition, the increased pressure from buyers of care, and organizational factors were the most important predictors of the positive change in the hospital specialization measures during that time period.
Financial distress and corporate investment

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper analyzes whether the financial distress of a firm affects the investment decisions of non-distressed competitors. On average, firms in distress impose indirect costs to non-distressed competitors by increasing costs of credit in the industry and hence restricting credit access and investment. These average negative spillover effects continue to hold in the absence of industry downturns. However, the negative effects are temporary, and are mitigated for firms with stronger balance sheets or in concentrated markets. These results are consistent with theories suggesting that firms with strong balance sheets prey on their weaker rivals to improve their market position.
Abdominal Wall Extraskeletal Ewing Sarcoma - Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ewing sarcoma is most commonly occurring as bone tumor which has usually extended into the soft tissues at the time of diagnosis. Exceptionally, this tumor rarely can have an extra skeletal origin without relation to bone as a primary tumor. Clinical or imaging findings are non-specific and diagnosis is based on histology. We report a case of an extra skeletal Ewing sarcoma developed in the soft tissues of the abdominal wall in a 30-year-old woman who presented a painful abdominal wall tumefaction. Ultrasonography and computed tomography showed a large, well-defined soft tissue mass (? hematoma) developed in the anterior the abdominal wall. Surgical biopsy was performed and an extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma was identified histologically
TEACH-OUTS: A FRAMEWORK FOR PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT IN ONLINE LEARNING

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Appears in: EDULEARN20 Proceedings Publication year: 2020Pages: 5027-5035ISBN: 978-84-09-17979-4ISSN: 2340-1117doi: 10.21125/edulearn.2020.1314Conference name: 12th International Conference on Education and New Learning TechnologiesDates: 6-7 July, 2020Location: Online Conference
Elicitation of Differential Responses in the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita to Tomato Root Exudate Cytokinin, Flavonoids, and Alkaloids

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Root exudates of plants mediate interactions with a variety of organisms in the rhizosphere, including root-knot nematodes (RKNs, Meloidogyne spp.) We investigated the responses of the motile stage second-stage juveniles (J2s) of Meloidogyne incognita to non-volatile components identified in the root exudate of tomato. Using stylet thrusting, chemotaxis assays, and chemical analysis, we identified specific metabolites in the root exudate that attract and repel J2s. Liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of bioactive fractions obtained from the root exudate revealed a high diversity of compounds, of which five were identified as the phytohormone zeatin (cytokinin), the flavonoids quercetin and luteolin, and alkaloids solasodine and tomatidine. In stylet thrusting and chemotaxis assays, the five compounds elicited concentration-dependent responses in J2s relative to 2% dimethyl sulfoxide (negative control) and methyl salicylate (positive control). These results indicate that J2 herbivory is influenced by root exudate chemistry and concentrations of specific compounds, which may have potential applications in RKN management.
Predicting Trial-by-Trial Variation in Oculomotor Behavior Using Multivariate Electroencephalography Theta Phase

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

When we interact with our environment, there is often a significant amount of variations in our behavioral responses to incoming sensory input even when inputs are identical. Variations in sensory-motor behavior can be caused by several factors, including changes in cognitive status and intrinsic neural variations in the brain. The correct identification of neural sources of behavioral variations is important for understanding the underlying neural mechanisms of sensory-motor behavior and for practical applications (e.g., the development of a precise brain-computer interface). However, studies on humans that investigate the neural sources of the trial-by-trial variation of the sensory-motor behavior are scarce. In this study, we explored the neural correlates of behavioral variations in smooth pursuit eye movements. We collected electroencephalography (EEG) activity from 15 participants while they performed a smooth pursuit eye movement task, wherein they tracked randomly selected visual motion targets that moved radially from the center of the screen. We isolated neural components that are specific to the trial-by-trial variation of smooth pursuit latency, speed, and direction using a novel multivariate pattern-analysis technique. We found that the phase of the spatially distributed multivariate theta oscillation was correlated with the trial-by-trial variation of pursuit latency and direction. This suggests that the changing patterns of the theta phase across EEG sensors can predict upcoming behavioral variations.
The Bell Magazine and the Representation of Irish Identity: Opening Windows

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This new study of The Bell magazine opens a window onto the Irish literary and cultural landscape of the mid-20th century. The Bell, which appeared monthly from 1940 to 1954, consciously promoted a multi-faceted version of Irish identity, one that could embrace both rural and urban realities, Gaelic and European influences, northern and southern traditions, wealthy and poor social classes, and many other seemingly contradictory voices in Irish culture. The book chronicles the colorful history of the magazine and discusses The Bell's contribution and response to the transformation of Irish society in the mid-20th century, as the experience of war and wartime censorship, the expansion of international relations, and the encroaching tide of technological modernization irrevocably changed the patterns of traditional Irish life.
Influence of fertigation and growth regulators on yield and quality of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. Sinduri

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An investigation was carried out by the Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar. The experiment was conducted in the pomegranate orchard established under high density planting system at the Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Jhalawar in the near vicinity of the college during July 2018 to December 2018 and again during July 2019 to December 2019. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design and each treatment was replicated thrice. The experiment comprised of 27 treatment combinations consisting of plant growth regulators levels (NAA 0, 50 and 100 ppm and ethrel 0, 150 and 250 ppm) and fertigation levels (0, 75 and 100% recommended dose of fertilizers). Among the various levels of plant growth regulators and fertigation treatment, maximum mean yield per plant (6.80 kg), yield per hectare (75.52 quintal), TSS (14.00°Brix), ascorbic acid (12.97 mg/100g), reducing sugar (9.50%), non-reducing sugar (1.79%), total sugar (11.28%), sugar: acid ratio (11.26) and juice (36.09%) along with minimum acidity (1.03%) was recorded in F2 (Fertigation 100 per cent recommended dose of fertilizers) while maximum mean anthocyanin (14.75 mg/g) was recorded under 250 ppm ethrel (E2). However, it is inferred that the interaction effect of NAA, ethrel and fertigation were found to be quite superior to their individual effect. In interaction effect maximum mean TSS (15.02°Brix), ascorbic acid (14.19 mg/100g), reducing sugar (10.09%), non-reducing sugar (2.43%), total sugar (12.52%), sugar: acid ratio (14.64), anthocyanin (15.82 mg/g) and juice (38.83%) along with minimum acidity (0.84%) was recorded under treatment combination of 100 ppm NAA + 250 ppm ethrel + 100 per cent recommended dose of fertilizers through fertigation (N2E2F2) which was highest among the all treatments including control.