jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Influences Prostate Cancer Cell Growth and Invasion through an Integrin α3, α5, αV, and β1 Dependent Mechanism

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)-related signaling is associated with prostate cancer progression. Links were explored between IGF-1 and expression of integrin adhesion receptors to evaluate relevance for growth and migration. Androgen-resistant PC3 and DU145 and androgen-sensitive LNCaP and VCaP prostate cancer cells were stimulated with IGF-1 and tumor growth (all cell lines), adhesion and chemotaxis (PC3, DU145) were determined. Evaluation of Akt/mTOR-related proteins, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and integrin α and β subtype expression followed. Akt knock-down was used to investigate its influence on integrin expression, while FAK blockade served to evaluate its influence on mTOR signaling. Integrin knock-down served to investigate its influence on tumor growth and chemotaxis. Stimulation with IGF-1 activated growth in PC3, DU145, and VCaP cells, and altered adhesion and chemotactic properties of DU145 and PC3 cells. This was associated with time-dependent alterations of the integrins α3, α5, αV, and β1, FAK phosphorylation and Akt/mTOR signaling. Integrin blockade or integrin knock-down in DU145 and PC3 cells altered tumor growth, adhesion, and chemotaxis. Akt knock-down (DU145 cells) cancelled the effect of IGF-1 on α3, α5, and αV integrins, whereas FAK blockade cancelled the effect of IGF-1 on mTOR signaling (DU145 cells). Prostate cancer growth and invasion are thus controlled by a fine-tuned network between IGF-1 driven integrin-FAK signaling and the Akt-mTOR pathway. Concerted targeting of integrin subtypes along with Akt-mTOR signaling could, therefore, open options to prevent progressive dissemination of prostate cancer.
Adjunctive Techniques and Diagnostic Aids in the Early Detection of Oral Premalignant Disorders and Cancer: An Update for the General Dental Practitioners

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Oral cancer (OC), a potentially fatal disease, is a major health concern across the world. It is reported to be the sixth most common cancer in the world with a disappointingly low 5-year survival rate, despite major advances in onco-medicine in the past three decades. The low 5-year-survival rate is associated with late diagnosis of the disease, while OC diagnosed at early stages enjoy a much higher 5-year-survival rate, comparatively. Although the oral cavity is one of the most easily accessible parts of the body for cancer screening, OC is typically diagnosed at later stages. The delay in diagnosis is one of the factors for the poor 5-year survival rate and high mortality and morbidity among patients. Therefore, an early diagnosis is of utmost importance. Visual and tactile examination and scalpel biopsy are still considered the gold standard for definitive diagnosis of oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) and OC. Nevertheless, adjunctive techniques could be employed to increase the ability to distinguish benign abnormalities from dysplastic/malignant changes. These would also aid in identifying areas of dysplasia/early OC that are not visible to the naked eye and tackle the delay in diagnosing OPMD/OC. These adjunctive tools are not a replacement for visual and tactile examination but are supplementary aids. They could be used to screen healthy patients for the presence of any occult cancerous change and evaluate the biological potential of clinically abnormal mucosal lesions, thus enabling early recognition and diagnosis which might increase survival rate and reduce mortality and treatment-associated morbidity.
Does Reliable Electricity Mean Lesser Agricultural Labor Wages? Evidence from Indian Villages

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Using a panel of 1,171 villages in rural India that were surveyed in the India Human Development Surveys, I perform a difference-in-differences analysis to find that improvements in electricity reliability have a negative effect on the increase in casual agricultural labor wage rates. Changes in men's wage rates are found to be affected more adversely than women's, resulting in a smaller widening of the gender wage gap. I find that better electricity reliability reduces the time spent by women in fuel collection substantially which could potentially increase labor supply. The demand for labor remains unaffected by reliability, which could lead the surplus in labor supply to cause wage rates to stunt. However, I show that electrical appliances such as groundwater pumps considerably increase labor demand indicating that governments could target increasing the adoption of electric pumps along with bettering the quality of electricity to absorb the surplus labor into agriculture.
Induction of apoptosis by Solenopsin B: evalutaion by DNA microarray and RT 2 Profiler™ PCR array analysis.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The effect of synthetic fire ant venom alkaloid Solenopsin B (Sol B) on the human monocytic cell line U937 was examined to determine its ability to induce apoptosis and efficacy as a therapeutic agent. Sol B treated cells displayed a >50% reduction in viability along with DNA laddering, a hallmark of apoptosis. The apoptosis mechanism was further examined using DNA microarrays and quantitative RT‐PCR (qRT‐PCR). U937 cells were incubated in the presence of Sol B and total cellular RNA isolated. cDNA was synthesized, labeled with cy3/cy5 and hybridized to microarrays or used in qRT‐PCR RT 2 Profiler(tm) PCR array analysis. Microarray analysis revealed that 661 genes and 620 ESTs were up regulated >1.5 fold, including several apoptosis and cell cycle genes. PCR arrays representing functional gene groupings of 90 apoptosis and 92 cell cycle genes showed up regulation of >90% and >70% respectively. Genes examined using both microarray and qRT‐PCR showed correlations of ~93% for apoptosis and ~79% for cell cycle genes. Further, transmission electron microscopy revealed Sol B treatment resulted in loss of cell membrane integrity further verifying the ability of Sol B to induce apoptosis. Collectively these findings indicate that Sol B induced programmed cell death in human cells by triggering the apoptotic pathway.
Potential value of event-related potentials and electroencephalogram in the early diagnosis of dementia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To identify the potential value of event-related potentials ( ERPs ) and electroencephalogram(EEG) in early diagnosis of dementia.Methods From June 2008 to July 2011,113 patients with dementia were recruited fom First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine.Meanwhile,100 healthy individuals conducting physical examination at this hospital were collected as the control group.P300 and EEG were measured in patients and healthy controls.Results ( 1 ) Compared with healthy controls,patients with early diagnosis of dementia had significantly longer latency(402.5 ± 37.4)ms vs.( 320.4 ± 23.5 ) ms ;t =19.40 ; P =0.02 ) and lower amplitude of P300 ( 3.76 ± 1.76 ) μV vs.( 5.32 ± 1.38 )μV;t=7.24;P=0.01 ).(2)Significant higher proportionof abnormal EEG cases was found in individuals with dementia (68/113,60.2％ ) than that of participants in the healthy control group(34/100,34.0％ ) ( x2 =13.54,P ＜0.01 ).Specifically,patients with early diagnosis of dementia had significantly higher prevalence of moderate (26.5 ％ [ 18/68 ] vs.5.9 ％ [ 2/34 ] ; x2 =4.85,P =0.02 ) and severe ( 8.8 ％ [ 6/68 ] vs.2.9 ％ [ 1/34 ] ; x2 =1.22,P =0.02 ) abnormal EEG than healthy controls,while there were no significant difference of the proportions of mild or borderline abnormal EEG between the two groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion P300 is an extraordinary objective indicator for early diagnosis of dementia.EEG can provide evidence of impaired brain function for individuals with dementia.

Key words:
Dementia; Event-related potentials; P300; Electroencephalogram
Effects of a finite number of particles on the thermodynamic properties of a harmonically trapped ideal charged Bose gas in a constant magnetic field

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the thermodynamic properties of an ideal charged Bose gas confined in an anisotropic harmonic potential and a constant magnetic field. Using an accurate density of states, we calculate analytically the thermodynamic potential and consequently various intriguing thermodynamic properties, including the Bose–Einstein transition temperature, the specific heat, magnetization, and the corrections to these quantities due to the finite number of particles are also given explicitly. In contrast to the infinite number of particles scenarios, we show that those thermodynamic properties, particularly the Bose–Einstein transition temperature depends upon the strength of the magnetic field due to the finiteness of the particle numbers, and the collective effects of a finite number of particles become larger when the particle number decreases. Moreover, the magnetization varies with the temperature due to the finiteness of the particle number while it keeps invariant in the thermodynamic limit N → ∞.
Preliminary Study On Online Orthodontic Screening Apps

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Citation this Article: Azrul Hafiz, Syiral Mastura, Diana Md Zahid, Zurairah Ibrahim, Ainuddin Yushar Yusof, “Preliminary Study on Online Orthodontic Screening Apps”, IJMSIR- July - 2021, Vol – 6, Issue - 4, P. No. 135 – 141
Teaching tools for grade enquiry and references checking

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As the use of technology becomes apparent, some processes which are technically done manually can be improved using the technological method. This project has explored such methodology that leads to the development of three independent tools, namely teaching tools for enquiry of grades and references checking as well as panoramic image creator. The development of these tools will improve the process of grades enquiring, improve the efficiency of reference checking and produce a way to produce 360 degrees image of an area. The development of the grade enquiry tool involves thorough review of specifications to ensure that relevant functions are implemented in this web application. The specifications gathered are translated into smaller modules that will make up into an integrated tool. This web application will benefit the professors and students in a way where it can simplify the process of posting and checking of grades respectively. The references checking tool will be focusing on the algorithm of searching and comparing of sentences. Exploring of plagiarism tool will be made to study how these tools run to check the level of similarities which will give ideas on the implementation of this proposed tool. The result of the development of this tool will aid professors in checking the references section of a report efficiently. Panoramic image creator will provide a simpler method to produce an image of 360 degrees view. The last proposed tool can be use for robots navigation system which requires the full 360 degrees view of an area. The development process includes study of image stitching techniques as well as searching ways to merge series of images together to produce the 360 degrees view image using java. The result of the development will allow users to use the tool not only as a basic stitching tool but it can also be integrated into devices or other tools which required image stitching purpose. The report will conclude with the experimental results as well as recommendations for these tools for improvements.
Identifying Risks and Ethical Considerations of AI in Gambling: A Scoping Review

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The proliferation of data and artificial intelligence (AI) throughout society has raised concerns about its potential misuse and threats across industries. In this paper we explore the risks and ethical considerations of AI applications in gambling, an industry that makes significant contributions to many tourism destinations and local economies around the world. We conducted a scoping review to collect the breadth of literature and to understand the current state of knowledge. Our search yielded 2,499 potentially relevant documents, from which we deemed 16 as eligible for inclusion. A content analysis revealed convergence around six main themes: (1) Explainability, (2) Exploitation, (3) Algorithmic Flaws, (4) Consumer Rights, (5) Accountability, and (6) Human-in-the-Loop. We found that these gambling-specific themes largely overlap with broader AI principles. Most records focused on algorithmic strategies to reduce gambling-related harm (n = 12/16), thus we call for more attention to be turned to commercially driven AI applications. We provide a theoretical evaluation that illustrates the challenges involved for stakeholders tasked with governing AI risks and associated ethical considerations. As a globally reaching product, gambling regulators and operators need to be cognizant, not just of philosophical principles, but also of the rich tapestry of global ethical traditions.
Young voices: sexual health and transition care needs in adolescents with intersex/differences of sex development-A pilot study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2021 Apr;34(2):176189.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jpag.2020.11.001 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33181339
Learning-Based Attenuation Correction for Brain PET/MRI Using Artificial Neural Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to build a learning-based attenuation map estimation scheme for brain attenuation correction of the positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) imaging using an artificial neural network (ANN). The attenuation map estimation is cast as a regression problem that models a nonlinear mapping between the MR image patches and the corresponding patches of the attenuation map. An ANN is used to solve the regression problem through learning from examples. Using the BrainWeb phantoms, we simulated brain PET data with corresponding MR image and attenuation map pairs of 20 subjects. The ANN was trained with the image patches from the MR image and attenuation map of 1 subject. The trained ANN was then applied to estimate the attenuation maps from the MR images for the other 19 subjects. The estimated attenuation maps were compared with their simulated counterparts using the mean absolute error (MAE) on regions of soft tissue and bone. The impact of estimation accuracy on the reconstructed PET images was evaluated by calculating the relative error with respect to the PET images reconstructed using the AC with the simulated attenuation maps. The estimated attenuation maps obtain the MAE of 0.0021 for soft tissue and 0.0096 for bone, revealing strong agreement with the corresponding simulated ones. The images reconstructed with the estimated attenuation maps have average relative errors of -0.24%± 0.8% on gray matter and of -0.28%± 0.28% on white matter. We demonstrate that the ANN model trained using the MR image and attenuation map of one subject applies well to other subjects and the estimated attenuation map has potential to produce accurate AC for brain PET/MR imaging.
KÜRESEL EMİSYON İKİLEMİ: TÜRKİYE DEĞERLENDİRMESİ

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Uluslararasıarenanın en önemli aktörleri olan devletler, yerkürenin geleceğini tayin etmenoktasında en önemli göreve ve sorumluluğa sahiptir. Devletlerarası ilişkilerinseyri bütün insanlığı etkilediği gibi insanlığın varlığını sürdürdüğü mekânolan dünyayı da etkilemektedir. Yüzyıllardır uluslararası sisteme hâkim olankar ve çıkar olguları devletlerin atacakları adımlarda dikkate aldıkları enönemli unsurlar olmuştur. Bu zihniyet sebebi ile devletler askeri, ekonomik vesiyasi meseleler dışında kalan konuları göz ardı etmişlerdir. Yerkürenin budavranışlara isyanı 1970’lerden itibaren siyaset yapıcılar tarafından da farkedilmeye başlanmıştır. Ancak, endüstriyel kalkınma, kapitalist üretim modeli,menfaat savaşları ve hayatta kalma gibi hususlar nedeniyle, her ne kadarmeydana gelen başta emisyonlar olmak üzere çevre problemlerinin varlığı kabuledilmiş olsa da, gerekli adımlar atılmamıştır. Bu çalışmada, küresel emisyonproblemi özelinde çevre problemlerine odaklanılacaktır. Devletlerin buçerçevede hangi gerekçeler ile ve ne şekilde attıkları adımlar uluslararasıörgütler ile birlikte ele alınacak ve sonrasında Türkiye özelindedeğerlendirmelerde bulunulacaktır.&amp;nbsp;
BAS-360°: Exploring Spatial and Temporal Adaptability in 360-degree Videos over HTTP/2

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Today, 360-degree video streaming has become a popular Internet service with the rise of affordable virtual reality (VR) technologies. However, streaming 360-degree videos suffers from the prohibitive bandwidth demand. Existing bandwidth-efficient solutions mainly focus on exploiting the inherent spatial adaptability of 360-degree videos, delivering only video content (spatially-cut tiles) in the viewer's region of interest (ROI) with higher quality. Temporal adaptability, which has been widely leveraged in HTTP streaming, has not been well exploited to select proper quality for video segments according to the bandwidth variations. When these two dimensions of adaptability are jointly considered, bitrate selection for the tiles become more complicated and challenging. The importance of a tile with a spatial coordination played at a specific time should be quantified so that we can determine how to allocate bandwidth for improving the viewer's quality of experience. Furthermore, viewer's head orientation prediction is highly variable, which makes the determination of important tiles highly dynamic. In addition, network fluctuations are very common on the Internet. To overcome these challenges, we propose Bi-Adaptive Streaming for 360-degree videos (BAS-360°). In BAS-360°, both spatial and temporal adaptabilities are explored in the bitrate selection for different tiles. The objective is to minimize the bandwidth waste by allocating bandwidth to more important tiles (the tiles that are more likely to be watched). To tackle the high variability of visual region prediction and the unpredictable network fluctuations, we employ two features provided by HTT P /2: stream termination and stream priority, to efficiently organize tile delivery. Evaluation results show that BAS-360° outperforms naive tile-based 360-degree video streaming strategies when network fluctuations or errors in viewport predictions occur.
Chain of command vs. Who’s in command: Structure, politics, and regulatory enforcement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Agencies vary over which individuals have final authority to make decisions. But this authority differs in two important ways. While officials with final authority can be either political appointees or civil servants they can also be located anywhere within the agency’s hierarchy. This begs the question of whether it is the nature of political appointees or the workflow of actions through an agency that are more responsible for inserting politics into agency decisions. This study addresses this question by employing new institutional data on all state and local air agencies to examine how decision‐making authority competes or reinforces political appointee’s efforts to shape agency actions. Our empirical exercise centers on the regulation of 16,000 major air pollution sources under the U.S. Clean Air Act. Our results suggest that while political appointees may influence regulatory output, centralized workflow, regardless of party, impedes output.
Is lymphatic reconstitution possible after meshed skin grafting?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Restorative potential of lymph transport after skin graft has rarely been discussed. We report a case of lymphatic reconstitution across meshed, split-thickness skin graft performed for a patient with necrotizing fasciitis. The patient underwent extensive circumferential soft tissue debridement of the lower leg and resurfacing of the skin defect with meshed split-thickness skin graft. Indocyanine green fluorescence lymphography was performed 3 years after surgery and demonstrated that injected dye in the foot traveled across the skin graft and reached to the adjacent native skin in the proximal region. Our observation revealed that transferred split-thickness skin graft possessed some potential to allow for transport of lymph fluid possibly owing to the retention of lymphatic capillaries.
Sourgrass phenological stage and efficacy of ACCase-inhibiting herbicides

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background: Sourgrass (Digitaria insularis) is a highly disseminated weed in Brazil. It is a perennial grass weed that has high infesting capacity in agricultural areas and presents glyphosate-resistant biotypes. An effective post-emergence control of sourgrass plants depends on their phenological stage at the time of herbicide application. Objective: This work was developed with the objective of evaluating the effect of the sourgrass phenological stage at the time of herbicide application on the efficacy of ACCase-inhibiting herbicides. Methods: Two independent experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions to evaluate two ACCase-inhibiting herbicides: clethodim, and haloxyfop. The treatments were applied using a completely randomized block design, with an 8×4 factorial arrangement consisted of 8 herbicide rates (4, 2, 1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, and 1/16 times the recommended rate, and a control plot without herbicide application) and four phenological stages of sourgrass. Results: The development of sourgrass plants after tillering decreased the efficacy of the herbicide molecules; however, clethodim and haloxyfop were efficient to control sourgrass at earlier developmental stages. Morphological, anatomical, and physiological changes in older plants may explain the lower susceptibility to herbicides. Conclusions: Other control techniques should be considered for sourgrass plants at later developmental stages, such as sequential application or herbicide mixtures, to increase the efficacy of ACCase herbicides.