jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Foam sclerotherapy: a possible cause of ischaemic stroke?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 33-year-old man presented with symptomatic varicose great saphenous veins (GSV). His vascular risk factors were limited to active smoking and obesity, and he had no past history of venous pathology. In April 2008, he underwent foam sclerotherapy carried out according to European consensus guidelines.1 A preprocedure duplex colour sonography demonstrated right GSV incompetence. The GSV was cannulated first in order to minimise the delay between foam production and injection. Foam was produced using the Tesssari method, with a 4:1 air:liquid ratio. The patient received a single injection of 4 cm3 of 0.5 % polidocanol foam. The foam was injected with the patient's leg slightly elevated while compressing the sapheno-femoral junction. Compression stockings were applied with the leg elevated. The patient was discharged without any complication.

Four hours after injection, the patient suddenly felt nauseous and developed intense vertigo. A diagnosis of transient side effect due to foam sclerotherapy was established, and a symptomatic treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs was started. Five days after symptom onset, the patient was referred to our acute stroke unit because he was still nauseous and unable to stand. The neurological examination showed a left lower facial paresis, mildly …
Retrospective comparison of radionuclide scans and computed tomography of the liver and pancreas

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Computed tomography (CT) and radionuclide examinations of the liver and pancreas in 50 patients were compared retrospectively to evaluate their value as diagnostic tests. CT was superior to 75Se-selenomethionine in evaluating pancreatic disease. Both 99mTc-sulfur colloid scans and CT scans were sensitive detectors of liver masses; however, there were more false positive 99mTc-sulfur colloid scans (16% compared to 4%). CT was superior in detecting biliary obstruction and ascites, in assessing diseases that involved the liver extrinsically, and in evaluating the status of adjacent organs. 99mTc-sulfur colloid scans were more sensitive in detection of diffuse non-neoplastic liver diseases (cirrhosis, hepatitis, and cholangitis). Simultaneous interpretation of CT and radionuclide scans was often more helpful than independent interpretation, and the two techniques are therefore complementary.
Exploring English Language Teachers’ Challenges and Coping Strategies in Teaching Slow Learners in Inclusive Education Programmes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

It has been reported that English as second language (ESL) teachers are not well-trained to teach slow learners in inclusive education. The aim of this study is to explore the challenges that Malaysian English language teachers faced when teaching slow learners in the inclusive educational program as well as to determine their coping strategies. The present study employed a qualitative research method with case study design through face-to-face interviews with three English language teachers from three secondary schools in Malaysia. Five major themes were found through thematic analysis: external factors and internal factors represented the challenges that Malaysian teachers faced when teaching slow learners in the inclusive education, while teaching resources, remedial activities and teachers’ skills represented the coping strategies used by the English language teachers.
KINETIC AND WESTERN BLOT ANALYSES OF EXERCISE TRAINING ENHANCED CANINE MYOCARDIAL ENZYMES 1287

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We recently demonstrated (Med Sci Sports Exerc.28: S60, 1996) that aerobic exercise training increases activities of several glycolytic and oxidative enzymes in canine left ventricular myocardium. These metabolic adaptations could result from expression of isoforms with higher substrate affinities. i.e. lower Kms than the adult phenotypes, or, alternatively, from increased expression of adult isoforms, where maximum activity (Vmax) is increased but Km is unchanged. To differentiate between these two alternatives, we analyzed kinetics of training-enhanced (GAPDH: glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; CS: citrate synthase; HADH: 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase) and unaltered (LDH: lactate dehydrogenase) enzymes. Mongrel canines completed a 9 wk running program or were cage-rested for 4 wk. Myocardial enzymes were extracted and assayed at 38°C. Km and Vmax were determined from Lineweaver-Burk analyses. Data (Km: μM; Vmax:U · mg protein-1) are means ± SE, n = 6 (*: P<0.05vs. Sedentary). Table Increased Vmax and unchanged Km following training indicated levels of adult CS, GAPDH, and HADH isoforms. This was confirmed by Western blot, which demonstrated a 3.2-fold increase (P = 0.003) of GAPDH content. Thus, training enhancement of cardiac enzymes is due to increased expression of adult phenotypes.
α-GalCer, an α-Candidate in Tumour Suppression

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Alpha-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer, KRN7000) is an exogenous glycolipid ligand that is presented by CD1d molecules in antigen-presenting cells (APCs). It activatesinvariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, characterized by semi-invariant T cell receptors (TCRs), which often leads to further downstream activation of the immune system. For example, iNKT cells release cytokines that regulate myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) to promote tumor suppression. This critical review aims to clarify the observed effects of α-GalCer by examining recent studies, ranging from in vitro experiments with mice to in vivo clinical trials with humans. Within the current literature, α-GalCer has demonstrated beneficial effects toward tumour suppression. Most pre-clinical studies evaluating α-GalCer have seen success in suppressing tumour growth and increasing patient lifespan, although clinical trials yield inconclusive results. For example, the use of α-GalCer comes with severe limitations, including the induction of immune cell anergy amongst other unwanted side effects. Future studies and trials will be necessary to evaluate the full potential of α-GalCer. Nonetheless, α-GalCer may be a promising agent in combating cancer.
High-Contact-First Immunization Strategy on Complex Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Different from traditional immunization strategies, which suppose that the contact frequency of all nodes is same, in this paper, a new immunization strategy was established based on the principle of "High-Contact-First".The different link with different weight describes the relationship between different two nodes.The bigger weight means the higher contact.The higher contact means the higher risk which the two nodes be infected each other.Thus, to the purpose of immunization, the link with higher contact should be cut down first.The theory analysis and the simulations indicate that the proposed immunization strategy is effective, and it is also economic and feasible.
Biology of Lespesia archippivora (Diptera: Tachinidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present study is concerned with the biology of Lespesia archip pivora (Riley), a tachinid parasite of the monarch butterfly, Danans plexippns (L.). This tachinid was purposely introduced from North America into the Hawaiian islands, probably from California (Fullaway, 1945; Pemberton, 1948), by Albert Koebele about 1898 for the control of armyworms (Swezey, 1923, 1927). At present it is widely distributed in the Hawaiian islands where it is frequently found in the lowlands (Bryan, 1923, 1926, 1933; Fullaway, 1945). In 1926 Bryan found a single specimen on Nihoa island. The number of insects known to be parasitized by L. archippivora comprises 25 species of Lepidoptera and one Hymenoptera (Beneway, 1963). In the Hawaiian Islands the insects parasitized by L. archippivora include the monarch butterfly, D. plexippns (L.) ; armyworm, Pseudoletia unipuncta (Haworth) ; cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae (L.) ; sugar cane leaf roller, Hedylepta accepta (Butler) ; painted lady, Vanessa cardui (L.); corn earworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie) ; black cutworm, Agrotis ypsilon (Rottemburg); and coconut leaf roller, Hedylepta blackburni (Butler).
Demonstrated Convergence of the Equilibrium Ensemble for a Fast United-Residue Protein Model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Because of the time-scale limitations of all-atom simulation of proteins, there has been substantial interest in coarse-grained approaches. Some methods, like "resolution exchange" (Lyman, E.; Ytreberg, F. M.; Zuckerman, D. M. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2006, 96, 028105-1-4), can accelerate canonical all-atom sampling but require properly distributed coarse ensembles. We therefore demonstrate that full sampling can indeed be achieved in a sufficiently simplified protein model, as verified by a recently developed convergence analysis. The model accounts for protein backbone geometry, in that rigid peptide planes rotate according to atomistically defined dihedral angles, but there are only two degrees of freedom (φ and ψ dihedrals) per residue. Our convergence analysis indicates that small proteins (up to 89 residues in our tests) can be simulated for more than 50 "structural decorrelation times" in less than a week on a single processor. We show that the fluctuation behavior is reasonable, and we discuss applications, limitations, and extensions of the model.
Assessment of Response to Treatment in Vulvar Vestibulitis Syndrome by Means of the Vulvar Algesiometer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999;181(1):99–102 A pilot study investigates the vulvar algesiometer in correlating symptom improvement with treatment response in vulvar vestibulitis syndrome. Women with vulvar vestibulitis syndrome attending a specialist vulvar clinic were assessed with the algesiometer before and after treatment. The conditions of 25 patients had improved to the point of discharge. Readings before and after treatment were compared. There was statistically significant difference in the vulvar algesiometer readings before and after treatment and this improvement was reflected in patient response. Nine patients had no response to treatment and also no significant improvement in vulvar algesiometer score. The vulvar algesiometer provides an easy noninvasive means of assessing vestibular tenderness. It is well tolerated by the patients and provides a degree of biofeedback for them. Editorial Comment: The understanding of vulvar vestibulitis has been hampered by the subjective nature of the clinical syndrome. Importantly, this new technique is a quantitative method for assessing vulvar pain on vestibular touch. It is a noninvasive method of assessing the quantified vestibular tone to assess response to treatment. It should be simple to use and gives recorded results, which may be important in long-term assessment of treated patients. (LBT)
Short‐Run Dynamics in Cointegrated Systems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we build a unifying framework under which the time‐domain properties of the permanent‐transitory decompositions available in the literature are investigated. Starting from the state space representation of a cointegrated system expressions are derived for the (common) trends and cycles of the Beveridge–Nelson decomposition involving quantities already available from the interim multiplier representation. The cycles result from both movements along the attractor and adjustment dynamics; the latter are shown to be the transitory component of the Gonzalo–Granger decomposition. The two decompositions are equivalent when the number of common cycles and trends add up to the dimension of the system. Algorithms for the extraction of the components are given and the results are illustrated with respect to a trivariate system consisting of US per capita GNP, Private Consumption and Investment.
iParallel: A SmartWatch-based Serious Game for Organizational Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Transferring knowledge from one part of the organization to another is an essential element of knowledge management and organizational learning activities. This study aims to facilitate knowledge transfer through human-watch interaction using a serious game. Although Smartwatch gaming, as an emerging gaming platform, is restricted by small screen size, it creates noticeable opportunities for game designers because smartwatches are attached to users most of the time. In this study, we describe the design of a smartwatch based serious game called iParallel. In this game, the users can decide on behalf of their parallel selves in the parallel worlds. The proposed solution includes a scenario authoring system that allows knowledge workers to create stories for their organization, and other workers can play these scenarios in iParallel. The study shows that a smartwatch game can facilitate organizational learning by providing knowledge workers the opportunity to experience different decisions' outcomes.
Finding Relevant Points for Nearest-Neighbor Classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Previous chapter Next chapter Full AccessProceedings Symposium on Simplicity in Algorithms (SOSA)Finding Relevant Points for Nearest-Neighbor ClassificationDavid EppsteinDavid Eppsteinpp.68 - 78Chapter DOI:https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611977066.6PDFBibTexSections ToolsAdd to favoritesExport CitationTrack CitationsEmail SectionsAboutAbstract In nearest-neighbor classification problems, a set of d-dimensional training points are given, each with a known classification, and are used to infer unknown classifications of other points by using the same classification as the nearest training point. A training point is relevant if its omission from the training set would change the outcome of some of these inferences. We provide a simple algorithm for thinning a training set down to its subset of relevant points, using as subroutines algorithms for finding the minimum spanning tree of a set of points and for finding the extreme points (convex hull vertices) of a set of points. The time bounds for our algorithm, in any constant dimension d ≥ 3, improve on a previous algorithm for the same problem by Clarkson (FOCS 1994). Previous chapter Next chapter RelatedDetails Published:2022eISBN:978-1-61197-706-6 https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611977066Book Series Name:ProceedingsBook Code:SOSA22Book Pages:v + 320
Pyrite geochemistry in the Toarcian Posidonia Shale of south‐west Germany: Evidence for contrasting trace‐element patterns of diagenetic and syngenetic pyrites

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Authigenic pyrite grains from a section of the Lower Toarcian Posidonia Shale were analysed for their trace‐element contents and sulphur‐isotope compositions. The resulting data are used to evaluate the relationship between depositional conditions and pyrite trace‐element composition. By using factor analysis, trace‐elements in pyrite may be assigned to four groups: (i) heavy metals (including Cu, Ni, Co, Pb, Bi and Tl); (ii) oxyanionic elements (As, Mo and Sb); (iii) elements partitioned in sub‐microscopic sphalerite inclusions (Zn and Cd); and (iv) elements related to organic or silicate impurities (Ga and V). Results indicate that trace‐element contents in pyrite depend on the site and mechanism of pyrite formation, with characteristic features being observed for diagenetic and syngenetic pyrites. Diagenetic pyrite formed within anoxic sediments generally has a high heavy metals content, and the degree of pyritization of these elements increases with increasing oxygen deficiency, similar to the degree of pyritization of reactive Fe. The highest gradient in the increase of the degree of trace element pyritization with bottom‐water oxygenation was found for the elements Ni < Cu < Mo = As < Tl. In contrast, syngenetic pyrite formed within a euxinic water column typically is enriched in As, Mo and Sb, but is low in heavy metals, and the geochemical variation reflects changes in sea water composition.
On the Eddington limit for relativistic accretion discs

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Standard accretion disc model relies upon several assumptions, the most\nimportant of which is geometrical thinness. Whenever this condition is\nviolated, new physical effects become important such as radial energy advection\nand mass loss from the disc. These effects are important, for instance, for\nlarge mass accretion rates when the disc approaches its local Eddington limit.\nIn this work, we study the upper limits for standard accretion disc\napproximation and find the corrections to the standard model that should be\nconsidered in any model aiming on reproducing the transition to super-Eddington\naccretion regime. First, we find that for thin accretion disc, taking into\naccount relativistic corrections allows to increase the local Eddington limit\nby about a factor of two due to stronger gravity in General Relativity (GR).\nHowever, violation of the local Eddington limit also means large disc\nthickness. To consider consequently the disc thickness effects, one should make\nassumptions upon the two-dimensional rotation law of the disc. For rotation\nfrequency constant on cylinders $r\\sin\\theta=const$, vertical gravity becomes\nstronger with height on spheres of constant radius. On the other hand, effects\nof radial flux advection increase the flux density in the inner parts of the\ndisc and lower the Eddington limit. In general, the effects connected to disc\nthickness tend to increase the local Eddington limit even more. The efficiency\nof accretion is however decreased by advection effects by about a factor of\nseveral.\n
Influence of Chinese Brand Personality on Brand Loyalty Dimensions: An Insight into China’s Tea Beverage Brands

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The heightened competition in China’s beverage industry challenges businesses to maintain market relevance. Industry reports highlight the need for effective brand differentiation, achieved through a distinctive brand personality. While previous research has addressed the link between brand personality and brand loyalty, there is limited insight into how various dimensions of brand loyalty relate to Chinese brand personality structures. This paper addresses two key issues: (1) how dimensions of Chinese brand personality are developed and managed in the beverage industry and (2) the relationships between these dimensions and customer brand loyalty. This study offers valuable insights into the consumer-brand relationship using a quantitative, cross-sectional survey design with data collected through mall intercepts and analyzed via SmartPLS 4.0. Findings indicate that various brand personality components affect customer loyalty differently, providing actionable guidance for brand managers and enriching academic and practical understanding of brand management.
Glutamate pharmacology and the treatment of schizophrenia

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Glutamate-containing neuronal terminals are ubiquitous in the central nervous system and their functional importance in mental activity is considerable. Therefore, the involvement of this neurotransmitter in the pathology of schizophrenia is being studied. Biochemical evidence has suggested that glutamatergic transmission may be regionally reduced in schizophrenia, although this evidence has never been completely consistent nor fully replicable. More striking has been the behavioral effects in humans of the antiglutamatergic drugs phencyclidine (PCP) and its congener ketamine. By historical report, PCP produces a ‘schizophrenia-like’ psychosis in normal humans and aggravates the psychosis in schizophrenics. More recently, ketamine has been shown to produce a mild psychotomimetic effect in normal volunteers, which has some schizophrenia-like features. We have studied the effects of ketamine in schizophrenic patients. Here, ketamine intensified each patient's specific underlying psychosis, an effect not blocked by haloperidol. Moreover, ketamine selectively increased cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the anterior cingulate cortex and reduced CBF in hippocampus and lingual gyrus. These data may be pertinent to the subject's psychosis exacerbation, especially because both cingulate and hippocampus have been previously implicated in schizophrenic psychosis. In addition, ketamine produced a distinctive dynamic time-course of regional CBF changes in different anatomic regions, with immediate (5–10 min) changes in cingulate, but somewhat more delayed changes (20–40 min) in the thalamus and cerebellum. Our immediate early gene (IEG) time-course data with c-fos and zif 268 in rats following PCP suggest that a single dose of this antiglutamatergic compound can have an effect in some brain areas which lasts beyond 48 h, an effect which is distinct by IEG and by region. Together, these data suggest that glutamate-mediated neurotransmission has a strong influence in schizophrenia, although the specifics of this involvement have yet to be articulated.
Evidence-Based Medicine is inadequate to develop evidence-based psychedelic therapies.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Between April and October 2024, expert bodies in two countries reached strikingly opposite conclusions about the therapeutic use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). On the one hand, the Food and Drug Administration in the USA rejected a formal New Drug Application from a specific drug sponsor, Lykos Therapeutics, for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The decision was surprising to many, given the FDA granting it “breakthrough therapy status” a few years before. Across the Atlantic, the Dutch State Commission on MDMA recommended the same treatment to be made available as soon as possible for PTSD and also investigated for other conditions. Apart from important differences regarding the legal mandate of these two expert bodies, some important epistemic differences are notable in these two distinct approaches to assess the evidence. These cases serve as examples of the current challenges to develop and implement evidence-based psychedelic therapies given the limitations of the prevailing influential framework of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM), which seems to have particularly influenced the FDA’s decision. On the other hand, the Dutch approach more closely resembles the recent EBM+ approach. Drawing from historically tragic fatal examples, as well as recent advances in evidence assessment, such as masking and mask mandates during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is argued that a shift to EBM+ is paramount to allow reliable assessments towards evidence-based implementation of psychedelics as therapeutic tools.
Ecto-5′ -Nucleotidase. I. Expression in Human Normal and Neoplastic Lymphoid Cell Lines Representing Sequential Stages of 8-Cell Differentiation<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref>

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The possible association of ecto-5'-nucleotidase (5'-NT) with differentiation of B-cells was explored with the use of normal and neoplastic lymphoblastoid cell lines representing sequential stages of B-cell maturation. There was no relationship between patterns of enzyme expression in the cell lines and immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion, chromosome constitution, proliferative rate, cell volume, or the presence of B1 and B2 antigens. Pre-B-cell lines, which were negative for surface Ig or Ig secretion but positive for cytoplasmic mu-chains, showed the presence of 5'-NT, whereas 9 of 11 lymphoma cell lines, Burkitt's or non-Burkitt's type, both secreting and nonsecreting, did not exhibit enzyme activity. Four myeloma cell lines and 13 of 15 normal B-cell lines were positive for 5'-NT. These results suggested that 5'-NT was present in pre-B-cells and in some very early B-cells. 5'-NT usually disappeared from early and some intermediate B-cells and reappeared in mature B-cells and plasmacytoid cells.