jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Spirometric indices and the risk of pulmonary barotrauma in submarine escape training.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Between 1975 and 1997, a total of 115,090 ascents, from depths of between 9 and 28 m, have been made by trainees at the submarine escape training tank HMS Dolphin. During this 22-yr period, 53 incidents have occurred in which, after an ascent, the trainee required hospital or recompression therapy or both. Scrutiny of the incident records revealed unequivocal evidence of pulmonary barotrauma in six incidents with an additional four in which, despite a negligible gas burden, a confident diagnosis of acute neurologic decompression illness with short latency could be made. No causative mechanism other than arterial gas embolism following pulmonary barotrauma can be implicated in these four cases despite the absence of clinical or radiographic evidence of lung injury. In all 10 cases the forced vital capacity (FVC) of the trainees was less than the predicted value for their age and height, revealing a statistically significant (P< 0.01) association between values of FVC below predicted and pulmonary barotrauma. The median FEV1 for the 10 cases was also significantly (P < 0.05) less than the predicted value after allowing for age and height. No such association was found for the FEV1:FVC ratio. FVC would thus seem to be the measure of lung function most closely associated with increased risk of pulmonary barotrauma. Possible reasons for this finding are discussed. It is concluded that although the association between low FVC and pulmonary barotrauma is statistically significant, it is insufficiently specific for low FVC to serve as an exclusion criterion for submarine escape training.
Securing Peace in Colombia, Beyond the Failed Referendum

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Scholar Dr. Michael Weintraub discusses the difficulties of securing peace in Colombia. On October 2, 2016, Colombian voters opted to reject the final agreement painstakingly negotiated between the government and the FARC, the country's largest and oldest rebel group. While the bargaining that followed ultimately resulted in a revised agreement, which was ratified by Congress and is in the process of being implemented, a number of questions remain. Why did Colombian voters reject the best hope for ending nearly 50 years of civil war? What role do historical legacies of violence play in explaining why some communities rejected the deal while others voted in favor? What are the principal challenges for the successful implementation of the new agreement? What security challenges will Colombia likely face in thecoming years?\nThis talk will confront these questions, drawing on original research and with a view towards delineating specific public policy alternatives for the short, medium, and long-term.
On the repeatability of the longitudinal road profile roughness measurements

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The roughness measurement results are widely used in pavement surface characterization. The measurements of the road profile roughness serve for establishing the preferences for maintenance and rehabilitation, dividing the road profile into statistically homogeneous sections (units) and for other aspects when characterizing the pavement surface. Equipment specifications, the methods of obtaining the measurements significantly influence processing and interpretation of the roughness measurement results. Especially the above influencing factors have an effect upon the characteristics with high level of variability. The measurement system cannot be accepted without the required level of the repeatability that is the most basic aspect of the measurement capability. For the purpose of the repeatability studies the parallel series of roughness measurements (paired series) have been recorded at the Materials and Research Division of the Israel PWD. The same road sections under the same conditions for the above paired series have been investigated. Description of the statistical peculiarities of roughness measurement series for the road profile under study and their mutual behavior have been carried out, and the repeatability characteristics of the measurement system have been estimated.
OTONOMİK DİSFONKSİYON EŞLİĞİNDE NEOPLASTİK LUMBOSAKRAL PLEKSOPATİ

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Primary or metastatic neoplastic diseases of retroperitoneal space may invade nerves and may cause referred pain in different sides from the primary origin. Neurological deficits might be added to the clinical signs due to involvement of lumbosacral plexus. Rarely the ‘hot and dry foot’ clinic may arise due to the deafferentation of sympathetic nerve system which might be the first sign of retroperitoneal space pathologies. In this manuscript we aimed to define the ‘hot and dry foot’ and the other clinical signs those might be the first symptoms of retroperitoneal metastatic involvement in light of a patient with bladder cancer.
Induction of adult diapause in <i>Cletus punctiger</i> (Hemiptera: Coreidae) and the beginning of reproduction in post-hibernating females in Shiga Prefecture

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

滋賀県で，ホソハリカメムシ成虫に休眠を誘起する臨界日長は13～14時間であった。野外では9月になると卵巣小管内に成熟卵を持たない休眠雌の割合が増加したことから，これら休眠雌は気温の低下とともに越冬地へ移動していくことが示唆された。春に，休眠から覚醒したホソハリカメムシ雌は，4月上旬には越冬場所を離脱し，4月下旬には交尾を済ませ産卵を開始すると考えられる。
LHD NB1arm #56804.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The neutral beam (NB) shine-through profile is routinely monitored on the Large Helical Device (LHD) both to calibrate the port-through power of the NB and to evaluate the NB-deposition power to LHD plasmas. The profile is measured with a calorimeter (CM) array on an armor plate of the NB counter wall inside the LHD vacuum vessel.
In Vitro evaluation of probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from juçara fruit native to the Atlantic Forest

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are the microorganisms most commonly used as probiotics. Since probiotic benefits are strain-dependent, there is a continuous need for research into new cultures with probiotic properties. Fruits such as juçara (Euterpe edulis Martius), a palm species from the Atlantic Forest threatened with extinction, are rich niches for microorganisms, including LAB. This study investigated the probiotic properties of Lactococcus lactis J7 and Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides JF17 strains isolated from juçara fruits native to the Atlantic Forest. Probiotic characteristics, such as tolerance to simulated gastrointestinal fluids or juices, hydrophobicity, autoaggregation, coaggregation properties, inhibition of pathogenic microorganisms, and technological properties were evaluated. The survival rate of L. lactis J7 and L. pseudomesenteroides JF17 decreased after exposure to simulated gastrointestinal conditions; however, L. lactis J7 was more resistant, maintaining viability at the end of the enteric phase of 6.07 ± 0.16 log CFU mL-1. The J7 strain also exhibited the highest values in hydrophobicity (12.55 ± 0.52%), autoaggregation (25.63 ± 0.75%), and coaggregation capacity with E. coli ATCC 25922 (21.52 ± 0.98%) and S. Enteritidis ATCC 13076 (22.68 ± 1.01%). Both J7 and JF17 strains demonstrated antimicrobial activity, confirmed by the multilayer agar plate system. Additionally, the growth of the strains was temperature-dependent, and they were able to thrive in high concentrations of sodium chloride (6%). Thus, L. lactis J7 is a promising probiotic candidate for the development of functional products. Nevertheless, further studies using animal models are necessary to explore the properties of these probiotic bacteria. Novel strains isolated from fruits should be studied to broaden the application of probiotic microorganisms in the development of foods and medicines.
Modification of AES using genetic algorithms for high-definition image encryption

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Genetic algorithms (GAs) have proved to be a powerful tool in cryptography. The standard advanced standard encryption (AES) algorithm incurs high computation costs and has problems in pattern formation when applied to image encryption. It is also prone to the differential and side channel attacks. In this paper, a modification of AES has been proposed for high-definition (HD) Image Encryption that uses a genetic approach for the S - Box Generation and Key Expansion processes. S - Boxes have been evolved to have high non-linearity and low transparency. Also, in the key generation, the process has been randomised by using only genetic operators. As a result of applying genetic modifications to AES, the proposed algorithm has been found to be more secure against the differential and side-channel attacks and shows reduced pattern appearance when applied for encryption of HD images.
New control system for the 50 MeV linear accelerator of TLS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The pre-injector of the Taiwan Light Source (TLS) is consists of a 140 kV thermionic gun and a 50 MeV travelling wave type linear accelerator (linac) system. A linac control system has been renewed to avoid obsolescence. It is also utilized to improve performance, decouple the vacuum interlock logic from the linac control system, and provide a better control functionality for top-up operation. One VME crate system is dedicated for the linac control, the new hardware equipped with high resolution of analogue interface to provide better control. Vacuum interlock logic will be done via a dedicated programmable logic controller (PLC). The remained linac devices, which are necessary for sequential control such as door access interlock, klystron warm up, gun warm up, trigger interlock, gun high voltage interlock, klystron modulator high voltage interlock, water flow interlock, will be done by another PLC. Both interlock and sequential control of PLC will be controlled by the VME crate. All of the other functions without interlock or sequence requirement will be controlled by the VME crate directly as well. New control system is expected to provide better control functionality, better performance, easy for maintenance, and useful easy to add new hardware equipments.
Motivation of personnel at OJSC «BSW – Management Company of the Holding «BMC»

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Motivation is based on the principle of providing employees with opportunities to realize personal goals through a conscientious attitude to work. Motivation at the enterprise is connected, first of all, with a skillful combination of management methods, formation of the most effective management style. It is implemented in the process and forms of recruitment, contract terms, the system of remuneration and incentives, training and is the foundation of any organization, largely determining its competitiveness.
Factors affecting risks of congenital malformations. II. Effect of maternal diabetes on congenital malformations.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The effect of maternal diabetes on the risk of congenital malformations was investigated in 23,695 pregnancies of white mothers, inclucing 339 patients of the Joslin Clinic, and in 24,742 pregnancies of Negro mothers, drawn from the prospective Collaborative Perinatal Project. Of these, 372 mothers had gestational diabetes and 567 had overt diabetes (before and during pregnancy). Pregnancy outcomes studied included stillbirths and live births. Among core women (excluding the Joslin Clinic cases), the frequencies of diabetic pregnancies were 1.31% and 1.18% for white and Negro mothers, respectively; in both groups, approximately two thirds of these pregnancies had gestational diabetes. There was no increase in malformation risk in the pregnancies of mothers with gestational diabetes over that of nondiabetic mothers in either racial group. However, the risk of malformation for white mothers with overt diabetes was double that of nondiabetic mothers for both major and minor categories of malformations. The incidences of major and minor types of malformations in the pregnancies of white mothers with overt diabetes were 17.94% and 10.94%, respectively, compared to the corresponding incidences of 8.34% and 6.25% for the white nondiabetic group. In Negro mothers with overt diabetes, a smaller increase of risk was seen only in major malformations; the incidences were 13.64% and 8.45% for the diabetic and nondiabetic groups, respectively. The increased risks for malformations were distributed generally throughout the organ systems. Multiple malformations occurred more frequently in the overt diabetic than in the nondiabetic group, suggesting that maternal diabetes must act adversely an an early stage of fetal development. Two cases with the caudal regression syndrome were observed in children of diabetic mothers, whereas none was found among births from nondiabetic mothers. Insulin (or analog) therapy of diabetes neither decreased nor increased the risk of malformation in the fetus. However, duration of diabetes had a significant effect on the malformation risk: the longer the mother had the disease, the higher was the incidence of malformations in the fetus. Paternal diabetes did not contribute to increase in risk. These observations suggest that maternal diabetes per se, through its adverse effects on maternal metabolism, is the responsible factor for the increase of malformations in the offspring.
No school principal is an island: From individual to school sense-making processes in reform implementation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Educational reform implementation in today’s fast changing world requires a critical transition from individual to school sense-making processes. Managing expectations from above (e.g. external demands) and below (e.g. internal school goals) while performing within multiple overlapping contexts, principals seem pulled in many different directions simultaneously. This article proposes the concept of sense-making as a collaborative framework, explaining how principals make sense with their teachers through dialogue and negotiation to improve their schools as they constantly seek to understand the unique contexts in which they operate. This holistic approach invites a new perspective on how to develop models for reforming education systems while paving the way for a collaborative sense-making process within unique school contexts.
Temperature-Dependent Influence of Shell Thickness on Carrier Dynamics in CdSe/ZnS Core-Shell Quantum Dot Structures

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This study investigates the temperature-dependent influence of shell thickness on carrier dynamics in CdSe/ZnS core-shell quantum dots using multi-band effective mass theory and full phonon dispersion relations. The quantum confinement effects were modeled by solving the radial Schrödinger equation and Luttinger-Kohn Hamiltonian, incorporating a temperature-dependent potential offset. We found that increasing shell thickness from 1 nm to 10 nm results in a significant decrease in electron and hole energies by approximately 0.9959 eV and 0.9919 eV, respectively, at 200K. The squared matrix element |M_q |^2, representing the transition probability, increases by 0.0081 as the shell thickness increases, with a further enhancement of 0.0063 at higher temperatures (700K), indicating stronger electronic coupling. Additionally, the Auger recombination rate and carrier relaxation times decrease with increasing shell thickness, with the Auger rate increasing by a factor of 2.7 from 200K to 700K, underscoring the critical role of thermal management in quantum dot applications. These findings provide a quantitative understanding of how temperature and shell thickness jointly affect the optical and electronic properties of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots, offering valuable insights for optimizing their performance in optoelectronic devices.
Thyroid Hormone Disruptors Interfere with Molecular Pathways of Eye Development and Function in Zebrafish

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The effects of thyroid hormone disrupting chemicals (THDCs) on eye development of zebrafish were investigated. We expected THDC exposure to cause transcriptional changes of vision-related genes, which find their phenotypic anchoring in eye malformations and dysfunction, as observed in our previous studies. Zebrafish were exposed from 0 to 5 days post fertilization (dpf) to either propylthiouracil (PTU), a thyroid hormone synthesis inhibitor, or tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA), which interacts with thyroid hormone receptors. Full genome microarray analyses of RNA isolated from eye tissue revealed that the number of affected transcripts was substantially higher in PTU- than in TBBPA-treated larvae. However, multiple components of phototransduction (e.g., phosphodiesterase, opsins) were responsive to both THDC exposures. Yet, the response pattern for the gene ontology (GO)-class “sensory perception” differed between treatments, with over 90% down-regulation in PTU-exposed fish, compared to over 80% up-regulation in TBBPA-exposed fish. Additionally, the reversibility of effects after recovery in clean water for three days was investigated. Transcriptional patterns in the eyes were still altered and partly overlapped between 5 and 8 dpf, showing that no full recovery occurred within the time period investigated. However, pathways involved in repair mechanisms were significantly upregulated, which indicates activation of regeneration processes.
[Melanocytoblastoma in urology].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

On the basis of special literature presence and frequency of autochthonic melanomas in the uro-region are described. It is referred to 1 own case. The sequels of metastasizing are given in the chapter "secondary localisation" with the comprehensive reason for the decision, again to remove again an already functioning renal graft, when it becomes known, that a metastasising melanocytoma was present in the donor of the organ.
Belonging in charlotte: multiscalar differences in local immigration politics and policies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the context of Charlotte, North Carolina's, emergence as a "globalizing" pre‐emergent immigrant gateway, this paper focuses on a complex and multiscalar set of governmental policies and community‐development dynamics that are shaping localized response to Hispanic/Latino immigration. Specifically, we explore how these policies and dynamics play out spatially in the context of two Charlotte neighborhoods, both of which have similar historical roots and have become magnets for Latino settlement, yet display divergent contemporary place‐making paths. Our exploration reveals the ways in which contexts of receptivity and spaces of both exclusion and inclusion are created by the socio‐spatial components of public policy and the localized response to that policy at the intraurban level. Reinforcing the importance of space and place in the construction of receptivity contexts, the compared stories of Eastside and South Charlotte reveal that neighborhoods are never the product of one transformational force but of many—no matter how they may be perceived in the public imaginary.
FFA2‐mediated 5‐HT release increases HCO 3 − secretion, but induces mucosal injury in rat duodenum

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Although serotonin (5‐HT) is an important mediator of ion secretion and propulsive motility, excessive 5‐HT release induces emesis and diarrhea, treatable with 5‐HT 3 antagonists. The short‐chain fatty acid receptor FFA2 is expressed on 5‐HT synthesizing enterochromaffin (EC) cells. The selective FFA2 agonist phenylacetamide‐1 (PA1) increases the rate of duodenal HCO 3 − secretion (DBS) via 5‐HT 4 receptor activation. We hypothesized that EC cell FFA2 activation increases 5‐HT release, affecting duodenal mucosal defenses under physiological and pathological conditions. We measured DBS in vivo in a PA1‐perfused duodenal loop, measuring 5‐HT released into the portal vein (PV) with or without the selective FFA2 antagonist GLPG0974 (0.1 – 10 μM). Intestinal injury was induced by indomethacin (IND) with or without PA1 (0.1 – 1 mg/kg, ig), GLPG0974, the 5‐HT 3 receptor antagonist ondansetron (Ond), the 5‐HT 4 receptor antagonist RS23597. Luminal perfusion with PA1 (1 μM and 0.1 mM) similarly augmented DBS, whereas 5‐HT release into the PV was 8‐fold higher in response to 0.1 mM PA1 compared with 1 μM. GLPG0974 dose‐dependently inhibited PA1‐induced DBS increase with corresponding reductions of 5‐HT release. IND alone induced small intestinal ulcers with duodenal sparing, whereas PA1 + IND dose‐dependently induced duodenal lesions. PA1 + IND‐induced duodenal lesions were inhibited by GLPG0974 and Ond, but not affected by RS23597. These results suggest that physiological 5‐HT concentrations released into the PV in response to FFA2 activation enhance duodenal mucosal defenses, whereas excessive 5‐HT release induced by FFA2 overactivation disrupts defenses via 5‐HT 3 activation, injuring the duodenal mucosa during COX inhibition. FFA2 overactivation may be implicated in the genesis of symptoms such as emesis, bloating, and diarrhea. Support or Funding Information Supported by VA Merit Review, NIH R01 DK54221
Divine Exultation and Agony in the Face of Evil, a Creation Theodicy of Divine Restraint

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The passive aggressive behaviour theory of de Angelis (2009) combined with the “hidden transcript” theory of Scott (1985, 1990) and the racial conflict theory of Himes (1971) provide a theoretical framework for understanding resistance to apartheid in South Africa as a protective mechanism. The specific focus of this paper is passive-aggressive resistance centred at the Federal Theological Seminary of Southern Africa (Fedsem). This was demonstrated in both overt and covert forms of behaviour in the educational approach developed at Fedsem, its worship life and spirituality and demonstrations.
A review of maintenance strategy optimization for wind energy

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

A sound maintenance strategy is significant for wind energy development, because it can strengthen the competitiveness of wind power. The design and development of maintenance strategies for wind energy is a complicated topic which involves failure modes, degeneration process, weather conditions, spare parts management, accessibility for repair, availability of maintenance resources and so on. If the maintenance decisions are irrational or maintenance actions cannot be planned reasonably, a large amount of unnecessary cost and production losses will be induced. In recent years, many researchers have concentrated on improving maintenance for wind energy assets. This paper makes a comprehensive review of the state of the art in maintenance strategy optimization for wind energy, and addresses main subjects existing in maintenance optimization, including maintenance policies, scope of optimization model, optimization objectives, influence factors and solution techniques. Concluding comments and research directions of potential interest are summarized at the end of the paper. The future maintenance strategies should comprehensively consider the changeable scenario and mutual dependencies to satisfy multiple objectives simultaneously in the wind farm level. The proposed maintenance strategy may be applied and tested in a real wind system to validate its effectiveness and efficiency.