jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Photodecarboxylative Additions of Phenoxyacetates to N‐Methylphthalimide.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A NEW APPROACH TO DEVELOPMENT OF VOLUNTARY DECOMISSIONING STANDARDS

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of the Decontamination, Decommissioning, and Reutilization (DDR) Division of the American Nuclear Society (ANS) is to advance the technology of decontamination, decommissioning, and reutilization of nuclear and former nuclear installations, materials, facilities, and sites [1]. This includes sharing collective decommissioning experiences and lessons learned with others in the industry. An integral part of the work of the DDR Division is the preparation of voluntary decommissioning standards through its recently re-established DDR Standards Committee. This Committee intends to support development of various standards with other divisions of the ANS. The Committee also intends to participate with external organizations to disseminate information and lessons learned regarding decontamination activities, and participate in the development of voluntary decommissioning standards. External organizations, such as ASTM International, are involved in the development of consensus standards for nuclear decommissioning work. This paper describes the work of the DDR Standards Committee on a new co-operative initiative with ASTM International to develop voluntary consensus standards for nuclear decommissioning work.
How Fair Is It? An Experimental Study of Perceived Fairness of Distributive Policies

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

How do people evaluate fairness of redistributive policies when redistribution is considered multidimensional? We estimate the effect of distributive policies on the top- and bottom-income groups, as well as the effects of general wealth, social mobility, and origin of wealth on people's perceived fairness of the policies. Findings reveal that policies that encourage upward social mobility and an increase in general wealth and reward effort and upward mobility are seen as fair. Yet, what is seen as fair or unfair differs substantially across party and income groups. Policies that promote an increase of the status of the wealthiest, and policies that do not change or deteriorate the status of the poorest, generate different fairness perceptions. But there is room for agreement, as policies that make the poorest wealthier, while keeping the status of the wealthiest, are seen as fair by both Democrats and Republicans and among high- and low-income individuals.
A discourse in conflict : resolving the definitional uncertainty of cyber war : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment for the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Defence and Security Studies at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Since emerging in academic literature in the 1990s, definitions of ‘cyber war’ and cyber warfare’ have been notably inconsistent. There has been no research that examines these inconsistencies and whether they can be resolved. Using the methodology of discourse analysis, this thesis addresses this research need. \nAnalysis has identified that the study of cyber war and cyber warfare is inherently inter-disciplinary. The most prominent academic disciplines contributing definitions are Strategic Studies, Security Studies, Information and Communications Technology, Law, and Military Studies. Despite the apparent definitional uncertainty, most researchers do not offer formal definitions of cyber war or cyber warfare. Moreover, there is little evidentiary basis in literature to distinguish between cyber war and cyber warfare. \nProximate analysis of definitions of cyber war and cyber warfare suggests a high level of inconsistency between dozens of definitions. However, through deeper analysis of both the relationships between definitions and their underlying structure, this thesis demonstrates that (a) the relationships between definitions can be represented hierarchically, through a discourse hierarchy of definitions; and (b) all definitions share a common underlying structure, accessible through the application of a structural definition model. Crucially, analysis of definitions via these constructs allows a foundational definition of cyber war and cyber warfare to be identified. Concomitantly, use of the model identifies the areas of greatest inter-definitional inconsistency and the implications thereof and contributes to the construction of a taxonomy of definitions of cyber war and cyber warfare. Considered holistically, these research outputs allow for significant resolution of the inconsistency between definitions. Moreover, these outputs provide a basis for the emergence of dominant functional definitions that may aid in the development of policy, strategy, and doctrine.
The Diurnal Cycle of Winter Season Temperature Errors in the Operational Global Forecast System (GFS)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Forecasts from NOAA's Global Forecast System (GFS) and the High‐Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) weather models are matched to surface observations for the winter season of November 2019 to March 2020 at 210 airports across the United States. The 2‐m temperature errors, conditioned on observed weather conditions such as cloud cover amount and wind speed, are used to determine the nature of systematic model biases. We observe a strong diurnal cycle in 2‐m temperature errors in the GFS in conditions with 50% and 25% sky cover, with a 1°C warm bias at night and a 2°C cold bias during the day. The HRRR, which uses a different set of physical parameterizations, does not have a clear diurnal cycle in errors under the same conditions. These results highlight the utility of weather‐conditional comparisons across the diurnal cycle to diagnose sources of model weaknesses and to target model improvements.
The Effects of Justice and Burnout on Achievement: An Empirical Investigation of University Students / Učinci pravednosti i sagorijevanja na uspjeh: empirijsko istraživanje među studentima

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

AbstractThe study examined the relationships among justice, burnout, and academic achievement using a sample (N=1,505) of undergraduate university students. The study was conducted at a university in northern part of Cyprus. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to test the hypotheses. The results revealed that distributive justice, procedural justice, and interactional justice were associated with burnout. In addition, distributive and interactional justice had a significant positive relationship with academic achievement. Procedural justice had no significant relationship with academic achievement while burnout had a negative association with students' academic achievement. Additionally, burnout was treated as a mediator between justice dimensions and academic achievement. The results of the Sobel test illustrated that burnout partially mediated the effect of distributive and interactional justice on academic achievement. The study provides discussion, limitations and directions for future research.Key words: academic achievement; burnout; conservation of resources; equity; higher education.---SažetakIstraživanje se bavi odnosima između pravednosti, sagorijevanja i akademskog uspjeha na uzorku (N=1.505) preddiplomskih sveučilišnih studenata sveučilišta u sjevernom dijelu Cipra. Hijerarhijskom regresijskom analizom testirane su hipoteze. Rezultati su pokazali da postoji povezanost između distributivne pravednosti, proceduralne pravednosti i interakcijske pravednosti sa sagorijevanjem. Nadalje, rezultati su pokazali da postoji značajan pozitivan odnos između distributivne i interakcijske pravednosti I akademskog uspjeha. Proceduralna pravednost nije bila značajno povezana s akademskim uspjehom dok je sagorijevanje bilo negativno povezano s akademskim uspjehom studenata. Osim toga, sagorijevanje je tretirano kao posrednik između dimenzija pravednosti i akademskog uspjeha. Rezultati Sobelova testa pokazali su da je sagorijevanje dijelom posredovalo učinak distributivne i interakcijske pravednosti na akademski uspjeh. U istraživanju se donosi prikaz rasprave, ograničenja i smjernica za buduća istraživanja.Ključne riječi: akademski uspjeh; očuvanje resursa; pravednost; sagorijevanje; visoko obrazovanje.
Differential effects of sequential, simultaneous, and single agent interleukin-3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on megakaryocyte maturation and platelet response in primates

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) following interleukin-3 (IL-3) priming has been shown to increase thrombopoiesis. To elucidate the comparative abilities of IL-3 and GM- CSF in influencing megakaryocyte development in vivo, serial bone marrow analyses were performed on rhesus monkeys treated with 5 micrograms/kg/d of IL-3 and 5 micrograms/kg/d of GM-CSF sequentially for 4 days each, simultaneously for 8 days, and as single agents for 8 days. Platelet counts maximally increased to a mean of 7.5 x 10(5)/microL (n = 3) on days 11 through 12 in monkeys treated with sequential IL-3/GM-CSF. In contrast, neither IL-3 alone nor simultaneously administered IL-3/GM-CSF elicited increases in thrombopoiesis between days 3 and 15. GM-CSF elicited a variable platelet response. Megakaryocyte ploidy distributions were significantly (P < .001) shifted between days 7 and 10 in monkeys treated sequentially and between days 3 and 15 in monkeys treated with combined IL-3/GM-CSF and with GM-CSF alone but not in monkeys treated with IL-3 alone. The changes in mean DNA content and megakaryocyte size, as determined by digital image analysis, were larger in monkeys treated with sequential IL-3/GM-CSF and with GM-CSF alone than in simultaneously treated monkeys. In addition, sequentially but not simultaneously treated monkeys showed increased numbers of megakaryocytes on bone marrow biopsy. We conclude that administration of IL-3 followed by GM-CSF treatment increases thrombopoiesis by sequentially increasing megakaryocyte numbers and maturation and that these effects are diminished by simultaneous administration of the two cytokines.
A Study of the Differences about Chinese Qixi Festival Custom——Taking Shanxi’s Old Local Chronicles as an Example

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Qixi Festival is a traditional festival in China, which inherits the production model of men's farming and women's weaving for thousands of years. It is considered as a symbol of Chinese farming culture and widely propagated in many provinces in China since a long time ago. However, people in different areas celebrate this festival in different ways during different periods. This can be found in the documents that recorded in local chronicles. This research takes Shanxi Province as an example. Through sorting out 72 types of local chronicles that recorded the contents of the Qixi Festival which compiled during the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, we found that the differences mainly manifested in four aspects: the gender and age of the participants, the objects of sacrifice, the sacrificial offering, and the behavior of begging dexterousness. Through analyzing, it can be seen that these differences are caused by the impact of the environment and also related to the integration of multiple cultural elements in the festival itself.
Using optimization models to achieve solutions in classification and clustering techniques

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

I would like to thank my parents, Humberto and Ada, for the support and love during the challenges and my little brother, Beto, for being the reason to persevere.Although she is not physically with me, I am very thankful to my lovely grandmother Nelly, who was like a second mother to me.Further, I would like to express my deep gratitude to my supervisor Prof. Washington for his patient guidance, support,
Risk of Type 1 Diabetes in Children is Not Increased after SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Nationwide Prospective Study in Denmark

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p> </p> <p><em>Objective</em></p> <p>It has been hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 infection in children can increase risk of developing type 1 diabetes. </p> <p><em>Research Design and Methods</em> </p> <p>We undertook a prospective register-based analysis of children in Denmark where we investigated the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and subsequent risk of type 1 diabetes. During the pandemic, Denmark had one of the highest test-rates per capita in the world and 90% of all Danish children were tested. </p> <p><em>Results</em></p> <p>We did not observe a higher risk of a first time diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children 30 days or more after a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, compared to children with a history of only negative SARS-CoV-2 tests (Hazard ratio 0.85, 95% CI 0.70, 1.04). </p> <p><em>Conclusions</em></p> <p>Our data do not support that SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with type 1 diabetes, or that type 1 diabetes should be a special focus after a SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. </p> <p> </p>
Treating Estimation and Mental Computation as Situated Mathematical Processes.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper discusses the central thesis that new research on estimation and mental computation will benefit from more focused attention on the situations in which they are used. In the first section of the paper, a brief discussion of cognitive theory, with special attention to the emerging notion of situated cognition is presented. Three sources of expertise as contextual are proposed: social theories about language and the development of thought; anthropology and the studs of situatee cognition; and the history and philosophy of scientific domains. In the second section, Mathematics and Sense Making, a review of work on problem solving that dealt with the importance of context, especially with respect to thP interpretation of problem solutions is presented. Situational factors that influence children's problem-solving performance are described though research findings on division with remainders in problem-solving situations. Finally, a situated perspective on further re:earch regarding serious consideraiton of mental computation and estimation as situated mathematical processes is discussed. ****A****************************************************************** A Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ********************************************************* ***** *********
Real-Time and Non-digital Feedback E-Learning Tool

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper provides a new method for enhancing feedback to a lecturer while he/she is teaching in real-time. It is well accepted that interactive teaching enhances learning and critical thinking. However, in a practical situation the lecturer cannot continually ask if the students have any questions and students are normally hesitant to ask questions, especially with a large cohort. Various eLearning tools that provide feedback are available such the Poll Everywhere, Sli.do, Glisser, Turning Technologies ARS, OMBEA, Socrative, iClicker, ARS Nova, Top Hat, Shakespeak, Sendsteps and Via Response. They are well received by students, but these tools are digital in the sense that they are limited to multiple choice. With this new method, the student can highlight on their devices the part(s) that he/she does not understand, and the system provides a real-time analysis and feedback in the form of display on the lecturer's screen. This device has been built and tested on a small number of students and the feedback from staff and students is very encouraging.
Temporal dynamics of EEG microstates across brain development and risk for developing schizophrenia: atoms for peace of mind?

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

L'objectif de cette thèse était d'avancer nos connaissances sur les dynamiques temporelles de l'activité neuronale au repos, dans un premier temps, à travers le développement cérébral, et dans un deuxième temps, d'explorer ces dynamiques chez les adolescents atteints de la microdélétion 22q11.2 ainsi que chez les patients schizophrènes. Les individus porteurs de la microdélétion 22q11.2 ont un risque génétique élevé (30%) de développer la schizophrénie à l'âge adulte. Ainsi, la recherche sur cette population pourrait conduire à l'identification de nouveaux marqueurs neurophysiologiques (endophénotypes) de la schizophrénie, l'approfondissement de la connaissance de sa pathogenèse et la détermination précoce des individus qui développeront cette maladie psychiatrique à l'âge adulte. A cette fin, nous avons utilisé la technique de neuroimagerie la plus appropriée – l'électroencéphalogramme (EEG) - et avons analysé les enregistrements de haute densité (256 électrodes) de l'activité cérébrale au repos à l'aide de l'analyse spatio-temporelle des configurations quasi-stables du potentiel électrique au niveau du scalp, à savoir les microétats d'EEG.
Lines in the Sand: Interstate Groundwater Disputes in the Supreme Court

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As states increasingly rely on groundwater to meet their freshwater demands, interstate conflicts have emerged across the country. This article discusses the two most prominent interstate groundwater disputes, one from the east and one from the west. The eastern case, Mississippi v. Tennessee, is the first interstate groundwater case before the Supreme Court and will set important precedent for future litigation. The western case, a dispute between Utah and Nevada, provides a promising alternative to litigation—an interstate compact that could serve as a model for cooperative management and protection of shared interstate aquifers.
An Improved Direction of Arrival Technique Based on Nullforming and Steering Theory

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a new technique is introduced for finding direction of arrival (DoA) of an incident signal based on the nullforming and steering theory. On the contrary to the operation of beamforming, the proposed method creates a deep and precise null that is then steered toward all the possible directions to estimate the minimum power that indicates the direction of the incident signal. Additionally, this new method can outperform conventional beamforming as the resulted null is much narrower than conventional beams. The proposed null-forming and steering theory has been proven successfully by both analytical and simulation validation using MATLAB Simulink model and an integrated software defined radio USRP N200.
Real world efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in Malaysian type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The empagliflozin clinical trial program (EMPA-REG) demonstrated reductions in glucose, weight, blood pressure (BP) and insulin requirements in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients. In Malaysia, real world outcomes data on empagliflozin has not been published. Aim: To assess the real world efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in Malaysian T2DM patients.Method: This study was conducted at the University of Malaya Medical Centre, a tertiary referral hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Empagliflozin prescription data from March to September 2016 was extracted from outpatient records. Demographic details, HbA1c, weight, BP, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), lipids, insulin use, history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and adverse events were analysed. Patients that did not return for follow-up or had incomplete data were excluded from the analysis.Results: Of the 233 patients identified, 27 were excluded. Empagliflozin was prescribed by endocrinologists (81%), cardiologists (15%) and nephrologists (4%) with a mean follow-up of 19 weeks. Median dose was 25mg daily. 36% of patients had established CVD. At baseline, mean HbA1c was 8.76%, mean weight 79.92kg and mean BP 137/77mmHg. Mean changes from baseline were reductions in HbA1c (-0.71%), weight (-1.60kg) and systolic BP (-3.6mmHg). HbA1c reduction was highest (-1.82%) in those with baseline HbA1c > 10% (Table 1). Weight reduction was highest (-3.97kg) in those with baseline weight above 100 kg (Table 1). BP reduction was highest (-23.4/-7.6mmHg) in those with baseline SBP above 160mmHg (Table 1). Patients who were on insulin at baseline (n = 125, mean baseline HbA1c 9.16%) showed improvements (HbA1c: -0.66%; weight: -1.05 kg) on a stable insulin dose. GFR and LDL-C did not change significantly (-2.33 ml/min and 0.03 mmol/L respectively). The most common adverse event was hypoglycaemia (n = 22), mostly in patients on concomitant sulfonylurea/insulin. Other adverse events were rare: polyuria (n = 3), dehydration (n = 2), postural hypotension (n = 2), urinary tract infection (n = 2), genital tract infection (n = 1) and diarrhoea (n = 1). Discussion: The results of this real world study closely reflect those from the EMPA-REG trials. The majority of patients in this study had sub-optimal glycaemic control and obesity with clinically significant HbA1c, weight and BP reductions of similar magnitudes to those seen in the EMPA-REG trials. The mean follow-up of 19 weeks in our study was comparable to that of the EMPA-REG Multiple Daily Insulin trial. Empagliflozin was particularly effective for patients who were overweight or obese and had an insulin sparing effect. The drug was safe and well tolerated. The most common adverse event was hypoglycaemia, mostly attributable to insulin, highlighting the need for insulin dose reduction on initiation of the drug.
Understanding The Impact of Mentorship, Marketing Skills, And Personality Traits on Career Readiness Of Gen Z Apprentices

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study explores the effects of mentorship, marketing skills, and personality traits on the career readiness of Generation Z interns in Indonesia. As organizations face rapid market evolutions, understanding how these factors influence early career success becomes essential. This research addresses the gap in quantitative evidence linking these variables with career outcomes in the Indonesian context. A quantitative survey was conducted among 19–34-year-old Gen Z interns across various industries, and data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that mentorship, marketing skills, and personality traits significantly predict career readiness both individually and collectively. These findings suggest that educational institutions and business organizations should enhance their training programs to better prepare young professionals for the competitive job market, emphasizing the development of essential marketing skills and positive personality traits alongside robust mentorship. This study contributes to the literature by highlighting specific employability factors critical for Generation Z, offering insights into stakeholders involved in career development and talent management.
Intercell Transformer Coupled Buck Converter in One-of-Three Rectifier

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The one-of-three (1-of-3) rectifier has the advantage of lower switching loss compared to a conventional two-stage rectifier. In this paper, a multiphase interleaved buck converter for 1-of-3 rectifier targeting 99% efficiency in a standard rack-mount enclosure is presented. To maximize the efficiency and power density, intercell transformers (ICTs) are used to couple the interleaved phases of the buck converter. The design of inductors as well as observed challenges are presented. Initial experimental results show the potential of the converter.