jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Incomplete filling in the basal region of maize endosperm: timing of development of starch synthesis and cell vitality

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY Starch synthesis in maize endosperm adheres to the basipetal sequence from the apex downwards. However, the mechanism underlying nonuniformity among regions of the endosperm in starch accumulation and its significance is poorly understood. Here, we examined the spatiotemporal transcriptomes and starch accumulation dynamics in apical (AE), middle (ME), and basal (BE) regions of endosperm throughout the filling stage. Results demonstrated that the BE had lower levels of gene transcripts and enzymes facilitating starch synthesis, corresponding to incomplete starch storage at maturity, compared with AE and ME. Contrarily, the BE showed abundant gene expression for genetic processing and slow progress in physiological development (quantified by an index calculated from the expression values of development progress marker genes), revealing a sustained cell vitality of the BE. Further analysis demonstrated a significant parabolic correlation between starch synthesis and physiological development. An in‐depth examination showed that the BE had more active signaling pathways of IAA and ABA than the AE throughout the filling stage, while ethylene showed the opposite pattern. Besides, SNF1‐related protein kinase1 (SnRK1) activity, a regulator for starch synthesis modulated by trehalose‐6‐phosphate (T6P) signaling, was kept at a lower level in the BE than the AE and ME, corresponding to the distinct gene expression in the T6P pathway in starch synthesis regulation. Collectively, the findings support an improved understanding of the timing of starch synthesis and cell vitality in regions of the endosperm during development, and potential regulation from hormone signaling and T6P/SnRK1 signaling.
IoT‐based remote monitoring system: A new era for patient engagement

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Internet of Things (IoT) is changing patient engagement in healthcare by shifting from traditional care models to a continuous, technology‐driven approach using IoT‐based Remote Monitoring Systems (IoT‐RMS). This research seeks to redefine patient engagement by examining how Internet of Things (IoT) technologies can impact healthcare management and patient–provider interactions at different phases. Additionally, it presents the relationship between patient engagement stages and IoT‐RMS, which promotes patients' active participation using technological health management tools. The study emphasizes that IoT‐RMS improves patient engagement, organized into three main stages: enabling, engaging, and empowering. This approach shows how technological progress encourages patient involvement and empowerment, leading to improved health results and personalized care. A systematic review and narrative analysis of Web of Science (WOS), Scopus databases, IEEE, and PubMed yielded 1832 studies regarding patient engagement and technology. Despite the optimistic findings, the article highlights the need for more research to evaluate the durability of technology interventions and long‐term effectiveness.
Cardiac causes of death in Moscow and Moscow Region

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rationale: Cardiovascular disorders play a leading role in populational mortality, but they are not synonymous to cardiac pathology. The city of Moscow and the Moscow Region are one of the biggest urban agglomeration worldwide.Aim: Analysis of cardiac-related mortality in Moscow and the Moscow Region.Materials and methods: We calculated standardized mortality coefficients (SMC) for 23 death causes given as separate lines in the Short List of Death Causes by the Russian Agency of Statistics (Rosstat) in 2019.Results: In 2019, SMC for cardiac causes was 171.2 per 100 000 of the population in Moscow (27.6% of all causes) and 248.7 per 100 000 of the population in the Moscow Region (26.9% of all causes). More than 60% of deaths both in Moscow and in the Moscow Region were caused by chronic variants of ischemic heart diseases, whose criteria are not well-defined or are absent. In Moscow, SMC for myocardial infarction is significantly lower, whereas that for unspecified cardiomyopathy (the code by International Classification of Diseases and Health-related Conditions, version 10 (ICD10) I42.9) is higher. SMC from the groups of death causes related to chronic illness possibly unrelated to atherosclerosis, are comparable: 29.64 in Moscow and 24.59 in the Moscow Region. SMC from arterial hypertension (ICD10 I10-13) are 8.7 and 5.6 per 100000 of the population, respectively.Conclusion: Despite higher total cardiac mortality in the Moscow Region, SMCs for individual death causes in Moscow are significantly higher. SMC variability is mostly related to different algorithms for determination of primary death cause. ICD10 and the Rosstat the Short List of Death Causes seem to be suboptimal sources to understand the contribution of cardiac causes into the mortality structure. Any correct comparison would become possible after a consensus of expert positions by specialists in Moscow and Moscow Region on the criteria of diagnosis, choice of primary death cause and corresponding disease code.
Identification of four novel acute‐on‐chronic liver failure clusters with distinct clinical trajectories and mortality using machine learning methods

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Background and Aims Machine learning (ML) can identify the hidden patterns without hypothesis in heterogeneous diseases like acute‐on‐chronic live failure (ACLF). We employed ML to describe and predict yet unknown clusters in ACLF. Methods Clinical data of 1568 patients with ACLF from a tertiary care centre (2015–2023) were subjected to distance‐, density‐ and model‐based clustering algorithms. Final model was selected on best cluster separation, viz. Silhouette width and Dunn's index (for distance‐ or density‐based algorithms) and minimum BIC (for model‐based algorithms). Cluster assignments, patient trajectories and survival were analysed through inferential statistics. Supervised ML models were trained in 70% data that predicted clusters in remaining 30% data followed by an temporal validation. Results The cohort was male‐predominant (87%), aged 44.3 years, with alcohol‐associated hepatitis (62.9%) and survival of 50.5%. Due to poor performance of distance‐ and density‐based algorithms and better explainability, the latent class model (LCM) was selected for exploration. LCM revealed four clusters with distinct trajectories, reversibility and survival (independent of MELD, CLIF‐C ACLF and AARC scores). Cluster1 had patients with none/one organ failure and highest reversibility. Cluster2 had females with viral hepatitis and two organ failures. More‐than‐one acute precipitant, severity, infections, organ failures and irreversibility escalated from clusters 1 to 4. Circulatory and renal failures critically influenced cluster assignments. Incorporating clusters to CLIF‐C ACLF, infection and ACLF definition improved the discriminative accuracy of CLIF‐C‐ACLF by 11%. Extreme gradient boost and decision trees could predict clusters with AUCs of 0.989 (0.979–0.995) and 0.875 (0.865–0.890). MELD, CLIF‐C‐OF, haemoglobin, lactate, CLIF‐C‐ACLF and ALT were critical variables for cluster prediction. Clusters with distinct survival were documented in a temporal validation cohort. Conclusions ML for the first time could identify clusters with distinct phenotypes, trajectories and outcomes in ACLF. Stratification into clusters can address heterogeneity, guide prognosis, recruitment in trials, resource allocation and liver transplant discussions in ACLF.
When and how cognitive conflict benefits cross-functional project team innovation

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose This research aims to comprehensively investigate when and how cognitive conflict benefits team innovation in cross-functional project teams (CFPTs), by exploring the moderating role of knowledge leadership and dual mediation mechanisms of elaboration of task-related information/knowledge and affective conflict. Design/methodology/approach All hypotheses have been empirically tested by using structural equation model to analyze the quantitative data from a questionnaire survey covering 73 CFPTs in China. Findings Results indicate that knowledge leadership positively moderates the relationship between cognitive conflict and CFPT innovation. This moderating effect is directly or indirectly revealed by the dual mediating roles of task-related information/knowledge elaboration and affective conflict, which are two processes manifesting whether cognitive conflict can or cannot be incorporated into team innovation. Research limitations/implications Despite the external validity of results limited by convenient sampling method, the findings offer implications for promoting CFPT innovation. This can be achieved by developing competent knowledge leadership into team sensegiver, dissent reconciler and facilitator to accentuate benefits of cognitive conflict in information/knowledge elaboration and attenuate the likelihood of escalating to affective conflict. Originality/value This study advances the understanding of why cognitive conflict has an equivocal effect on team innovation in the context of CFPT by originally revealing how leaders’ role in information/knowledge management acts as a contingency and suggesting the dual mediating mechanisms that reflect the contingent impact. Project-based teams or organizations, characterized by cognitive clashes, can enhance innovation performance by shaping the meaningfulness of information/knowledge activities triggered by cognitive conflict.
EFFECT OF CORE EXERCISES ON BALANCE AND VERTICAL JUMP OF 12-14 AGED FEMALE VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the 8-weeks core training program on balance and vertical jump in female volleyball players. 24 female volleyball players aged 12-14 (12 in experimental group, 12 in control group) voluntarily participated in the study. While the core training program and routine volleyball training was applied to the experimental group for 8 weeks, 3 days in a week/ 60 minutes per day, only routine volleyball training was applied to the control group for 8 weeks. Balance and vertical jump tests were applied to the subjects before (pre-test) and after (post-test) 8 weeks core training program. Paired and Independent Samples t Tests on SPSS 22.0 program were used for statistical analysis. There was a significant difference between the pre-test and the post-test in terms of balance and vertical jump values of the experimental group (p 0.05), there was significant difference in blind stork test and vertical jump tests (p <0.05). When the change between the groups was examined by looking at the difference of the pre-posttests, non-blind stork test was 3.73 cm, blind stork test was 2.45 cm and vertical jump test was 2.50 cm. After 8 weeks of core training, a significant difference was found between the two groups’ balance and vertical jump values (p <0.05). As a result, it could be said that the core training program has positive effects on balance and vertical jump when applied with volleyball training. Article visualizations:
[MIBI-scintigraphy. A simple and reliable method for localization of pathological parathyroid glands].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

99Tcm-sestamibi scintigraphy was used to localise enlarged parathyroid glands in 25 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism previously operated in the neck, 20 of whom had recurrent disease and five had previously undergone surgery for thyroid disorders. Of the 18 patients for whom positive scans were obtained, nine were operated on the scan findings being confirmed. Crucial information was provided in two cases of intrathyroidal and one case of intramediastinal localisation of the pathological gland were not operated on as the hypercalcaemia was only marginal or the symptoms were vague. Though preoperative localisation of pathological parathyroid glands is a prerequisite for neck exploration in patients with persistent or recurrent hypercalcaemia due to primary (or secondary) hyperparathyroidism, the procedure is not cost-effective before the initial operation.
WE MAKE SPECIALTY CHEMICALS . . . SENSATIONAL

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAdvertisementNEXTWE MAKE SPECIALTY CHEMICALS . . . SENSATIONALCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2007, 85, 15, 2Publication Date (Print):April 9, 2007Publication History Published online29 October 2010Published inissue 9 April 2007https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v085n015.p002Copyright © 2007 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (593 KB) Get e-Alerts
BAYAN: a text database management system for Arabic engineering documents

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Most existing databases lack features which allow for the convenient manipulation of engineering documents. It is even more difficult to use them if the text language is not based on the Roman alphabet. The Arabic language is a good example of this case. Many projects have attempted to use conventional database systems for Arabic data manipulation (including text data), but because of Arabic's many differences with English, these projects have met with limited success. In Bayan, the approach has been different. First, we designed a database to support Arabic text databases. We then used it to build a system which manages engineering documents written in Arabic or English. In designing Bayan, we took a different approach from existing systems. Instead of simply trying to adapt an environment to Arabic, we designed Bayan to meet the needs of Arabic, thus avoiding the shortcomings of other projects. Bayan was designed to overcome the shortcoming of conventional database management systems in manipulating text data. The results showed us that Bayan is a very useful system for text databases in Arabic and to English. The diversity of types in engineering documents was a good test for the concepts in Bayan. Bayan's data model is based on an object-oriented approach which adds to the extensibility of the system for the addition of new techniques to manipulate text as they become available. In Bayan, we designed the database with the properties of Arabic text in mind. We designed it to support the way Arabic words are derived, classified, and constructed. Furthermore, linguistic algorithms for word generation and morphological decomposition of words were designed, leading to a formalization of the rules of Arabic words construction and analysis.
This environment has: a new computer representation of Arabic characters, a more complete Arabic keyboard layout, a window-based Arabic user interface, a morphological analyzer of Arabic words, and a document database management system which is capable of handling documents such as engineering documents with many different types of components (e.g. text, tables, figures, graphs, images, etc). For example, this document was prepared using Bayan in English.
Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in hyperplastic polyps, adenomas and inflammatory cloacogenic polyps of the large intestine.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AIMS--To compare proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunoexpression in hyperplastic polyps, adenomas, and inflammatory cloacogenic polyps of the human colon and rectum using paraffin wax embedded tissue. METHODS--The monoclonal antibody PC10 was used to demonstrate PCNA immunoreactivity in 88 polypoid lesions from 68 patients. Cases in which immunoexpression was completely absent were excluded, leaving 32 hyperplastic polyps, 31 adenomas, and seven inflammatory cloacogenic polyps for analysis. Labelling indices for the upper and lower third of each lesion and for adjacent normal mucosa were calculated. RESULTS--The upper third labelling indices for adenomas were substantially higher than those for hyperplastic polyps or normal mucosa, whereas those for the upper thirds of hyperplastic polyps and normal mucosa did not differ greatly. The differences between the lower third samples were not significant. In 16 (50%) hyperplastic polyps positive cells persisted onto the luminal surface. Some adenomas showed the most intense staining and the highest labelling indices in the upper third, with strong staining of surface cells; this pattern was not seen in the other lesions. The inflammatory cloacogenic polyps did not show a consistent pattern of immunoexpression. CONCLUSIONS--Differences in cell kinetics between adenomas, hyperplastic polyps, and normal mucosa may be shown in formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded tissue using PC10 as a marker of proliferative activity. PCNA expression also persists into the upper portions of hyperplastic polyps. Assuming that hyperplastic polyps are hypermature lesions with a slower rate of cell migration, this finding suggests that there may be an alteration in PCNA protein metabolism.
Calmodulin Regulation of NaV1.4 Current: Role of Binding to the Carboxyl Terminus

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Calmodulin (CaM) regulates steady-state inactivation of sodium currents (NaV1.4) in skeletal muscle. Defects in Na current inactivation are associated with pathological muscle conditions such as myotonia and paralysis. The mechanisms of CaM modulation of expression and function of the Na channel are incompletely understood. A physical association between CaM and the intact C terminus of NaV1.4 has not previously been demonstrated. FRET reveals channel conformation-independent association of CaM with the C terminus of NaV1.4 (CT-NaV1.4) in mammalian cells. Mutation of the NaV1.4 CaM-binding IQ motif (NaV1.4IQ/AA) reduces cell surface expression of NaV1.4 channels and eliminates CaM modulation of gating. Truncations of the CT that include the IQ region abolish Na current. NaV1.4 channels with one CaM fused to the CT by variable length glycine linkers exhibit CaM modulation of gating only with linker lengths that allowed CaM to reach IQ region. Thus one CaM is sufficient to modulate Na current, and CaM acts as an ancillary subunit of NaV1.4 channels that binds to the CT in a conformation-independent fashion, modulating the voltage dependence of inactivation and facilitating trafficking to the surface membrane.
An Ab Initio Study of Conformational Energies in Dioxo-, Trioxo-, and Tetroxo-Dithianes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Ab initio Hartree–Fock calculations at the HF/6-31G* level of theory for geometry optimization and the MP2/6-31G*//HF/6-31G* and B3LYP/6-311G(2df,p)//HF/6-31G* levels for a single point total energy calculation are reported for the important energy-minimum conformations of 1,1-dioxo-thiane (2), 1,1-dioxo-1,2-dithiane (3), 1,1-dioxo-1,3-dithiane (4), 1,1-dioxo-1,4-dithiane (5), 1,1,2-trioxo-1,2-dithiane (6), 1,1,3-trioxo-1,3-dithiane (7), 1,1,4-trioxo-1,4-dithiane (8), 1,1,2,2-tetroxo-1,2-dithiane (9), 1,1,3,3-tetroxo-1,3-dithiane (10), and 1,1,4,4-tetroxo-1,4-dithiane (11). According to the MP2/6-31G*//HF/6-31G* calculations, compound 5 is more stable than 3 and 4 by 7.8 and 8.9 kJ mol−1, respectively. The axial geometries of 6 and 8 are more stable than the equatorial forms by 21.4 and 19.1 kJ mol−1, respectively, but the equatorial form of 7 is 4.1 kJ mol−1 more stable than the axial geometry. Compound 11 is more stable than 9 and 10 by 49.3 and 31.0 kJ mol−1, respectively.
Changes in the ranges of pasture ixodid ticks of the genus Ixodes Latr., 1795 (Parasitiformes, Ixodidae) in West Siberia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The character of distribution of two species from the genus Ixodes, the Taiga tick Ixodes persulcatus and Ixodes pavlovskyi in the plain part of Western Siberia is analyzed. The northern border of the range of I. persulcatus in HMAO-Ugra was clarified on the basis of long-term data on the population density of adult and immature ticks (1960-2011). The shift of the southern border of the species range in Western Siberia at the background of anthropogenic transformation (forest restoring activity, stopped sanitary forest cutting, road construction etc) is demonstrated; peculiarities of the distribution of the Taiga tick in some localities of the southwestern Siberia is analyzed. The modern state of the tick population in the joint dwelling zone of I. persulcatus and I. pavlovskyi is characterized. Possible reasons of changes in the structure of tick communities toward total prevalence of I. pavlovskyi in recreation zones of Novosibirsk and Tomsk are discussed. It is noted that the most significant changes in the character of distribution of these two tick species in Western Siberia had evidently occurred after 1990. Just in this period, local stable populations of the Taiga tick to the south of its main range in Western Siberia (within Omsk and Novosibirsk Provinces) were formed; the character of its distribution in the right bank of the Ob River (Novosibirsk Province) and in the valley of the Tom River (Tomsk Province) had changed; I. pavlovskyi became the dominating species.
STUDIES ON N-[2-THIENYLMETHYLIDENE)-2-AMINOPYRIDINE COMPLEXES OF Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) AND Cd(II)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Metal complexes ML2Cl2, where M is Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) and L is Schiff base formed by condensation of 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde and 2-aminopyridine, N-[2-thienylmethylidene]-2-arninopyridine (TNAPY), have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic and spectroscopic measurements. IR and NMR spectra show that the nitrogen of the azomethyne group and the sulphur of the thiophene ring take part in coordination. Magnetic, ESR and electronic spectral studies show a distorted octahedral structure for the Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes and a tetrahedral geometry for the Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes. Conductance measurements suggest the non-electrolytic nature of the complexes, with the exception of the Zn(TNAPY)2Cl2 and Cd(TNAPY)2Cl2 compounds which are 1:2 electrolytes.
Traumatized refugees: identifying needs and facing challenges for mental health care

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the past few years the number of refugees worldwide has increased dramatically. Many of them were traumatized in their homelands due to violent conflict or persecution, as well as during their flight, and are confronted with ongoing stressors in the exile countries. In order to contribute to enhancing the clinical knowledge, this special issue of the European Journal of Psychotraumatology focuses on traumatized refugees. It includes three review articles as well as four original articles on the mental health burden, screening instruments and interventions in different groups of refugees. The articles published in this special issue focus on important aspects of better understanding the needs of traumatized refugees, as well as on identifying and offering appropriate mental health care for this population. Future research recommendations are provided in the hope to contribute to improving mental health care strategies of this still underserved population.