jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Petri Net Based Deadlock Avoidance Policy for Flexible Manufacturing Systems With Assembly Operations and Multiple Resource Acquisition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Efficient deadlock control policies are very important in the operation of flexible manufacturing systems (FMS). This paper focuses on deadlock control problems for a general class of FMS. They have three interesting characteristics from the application point of view. First, flexible routes of parts and assembly operations are allowed. Second, the number of parts of the same type in a product may be more than one. Third, an operation may require multiple resources. To characterize such FMS, a Petri net model that can deal well with all FMS characteristics is developed. Based on it, this paper proposes a Banker's-algorithm-like deadlock avoidance policy. The proposed policy is proved to be polynomial in the model size. Moreover, experimental results indicate its effectiveness and superiority over the state-of-the-art policies.
Osteogenesis Imperfecta and Bone Marrow Transplant

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

The first attempted bone marrow transplant (BMT) dates back to 1896. In the following centuries, the medical community pioneered an ongoing progression of breakthroughs. In 1954 the first successful solid organ transplant, the kidney, was performed. In the 1960s advances led to the first successful lung, pancreas, liver and heart transplant and in 1973 the first successful BMT was achieved. BMT has traditionally been used to treat malignant diseases. However, scientific and technological progress has expanded its scope and today, BMT is used to treat a spectrum of diseases. While BMT is a complex procedure, the medical community expects that it will one day play a role in the treatment of other diseases. As the science evolves, it is essential that nurses educate themselves about these emerging transplant populations, one of which is children with osteogenesis impefecta. This manuscript will provide nurses with a critical background on the disease, a description of the transplant theory, and the implications for the nursing care of these children.
Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and COVID-19: A Scoping Review on a New Threat to Antimicrobial Resistance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the impact of COVID-19 on the morbidity and mortality associated with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). Methods: A comprehensive review of articles published in international databases since December 2019 was conducted. The findings are presented in a narrative format, supplemented with tables, diagrams, and a map created using ArcGIS software. Results: Thirty-five studies were selected, highlighting the significant consequences of COVID-19 on TB and DR-TB treatment progress. Four main thematic areas were identified: Clinical and epidemiological aspects of the interaction between COVID-19 and DR-TB; Management of physical resources and the team; Challenges and circumstances; Perspectives and possibilities. Conclusions: This study revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly negatively impacted the control of long-standing diseases like TB, particularly in the context of morbidity and mortality related to DR-TB.
The use of low-quality cotton-derived cellulose films as templates for in situ conductive polymer synthesis as promising biomaterials in biomedical applications

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

Due to the growing interest in biopolymer-based composites in many applications, noticeable devotion has been directed to natural polymer-derived products not only because of their renewable and eco-friendly characteristics but also for their versatility in processing conditions and cost-effectiveness in fabricating the final products. Here, we report the use of cellulose films (CFs) produced from low-quality cotton as a template for in situ synthesis of well-known conductive polymers, e.g., polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole (PPY) via oxidative polymerization. Three successive monomer loading/polymerization cycles of aniline (ANI) and pyrrole (PY) within CFs as PANI@CF or PPY@CF were carried out to increase the extent of conductive polymer content. The contact angle (CA) for three times ANI and PPY loaded and polymerized CFs as 3PANI@CF and 3PPY@CF were determined as 26.3 ± 2.8o and 42.3 ± 0.6o, respectively. As the electrical conductivity is increased with increased number of conductive polymer synthesis within CF, the higher conductivity values, 3x10− 4±8.1x10− 5 S.cm− 1 and 2.1x10− 3±5.8x10− 4 S.cm− 1, respectively were measured for 3PANI@CF and 3PPY@CF composites that were approximately 3.3K-fold and 30K-fold higher, respectively, compared to bare CF. It was also found that PANI@CF composites are hemolytic, whereas PPY@CF composites are not at 1 mg/mL concentrations. In the presence of 1 mg of CF-based conductive polymer composites, all PPY@CF composites exhibit better biocompatibility than PANI@CF composites on L929 fibroblast cells with 81 ± 9, 71 ± 8, and 70 ± 8% cell viability for 1PPY@CF, 2PPY@CF, and 3PPY@CF composites, respectively. Moreover, the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 3PPY@CF composites for Escherichia coli ATCC8739, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538 are determined as 2.5 and 5 mg/mL, whereas these values were estimated to 5 and 10 mg/mL for Candida albicans ATCC10231.
Occupancy measurement in building: A litterature review, application on an energy efficiency research demonstrated building

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Measuring the energy efficiency of buildings and its confrontation with the current Building Energy Simulations now faces knowledge of what is commonly called “occupancy”. This work has been made in order to implement a monitoring system on a research demonstrator building at DLRCA in Angers (France). The goals were first to know the occupancy as input data of models but also to build occupancy models. Occupancy can be defined as all the action of occupants that affect building energy efficiency. The chosen monitoring deals with its presence, lightning, windows opening and internal gains. It seems that the use of an Infra- red detector allows a accuracy of 5 min in the detection of presence. The use of dry contact sensors allows the detection of five different rates of slide windows opening that can affect temperature decrease. Light sensors seem to be efficient to detect artificial lighting states when correctly configured.
Analyzing the Relationships between Borsa Istanbul and The Balkan Stock Markets by Using The Method of Var: Evidence From Selected Stock Markets

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

For the purpose of reducing the risks of the portfolio, the activities of international investors in various countries’ stock markets have increased as a result of the increasing level of integration since the 1980s of the financial markets. The aim of this study is to determine the level of interaction and integration between the stock markets of nine Balkan states and three developed countries. In this context, the weekly closing values of the indexes representing these countries’ stock markets from January 2012 to January 2015 are analyzed. The results of the study indicate that, Turkey and the other countries’ stock markets do not liaise with each other; therefore, in the case of investments in the Balkan security markets, the risk of the portfolio can be reduced through the diversification of the international portfolio and a higher income shall be provided.
The only certain measure of the effectiveness of multiple sclerosis therapy is cerebrospinal neurofilament level—NO

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There have been a number of attempts to use the presence or absence of evidence of new disease activity by magnetic resonance image (MRI) scanning as a prognostic tool in relation to future acquisition of disability. Several groups involved in such studies in Barcelona1,2 and in Cleveland3 have assessed evidence of new T2 lesions on annual MRI scanning as an indicator of adequate/inadequate disease control by a disease-modifying therapy. As pointed out in a previous “Commentary”, both the sensitivity and specificity of these indices are relatively poor; an attempt to refine them does not seem to be, to this observer, any significant advance.4 Of course it is natural to use evidence of accrual of new T2 lesions on an annual scan as being indicative that a particular therapy is not achieving adequate disease suppression. The problem is of course, as has been previously discussed, MRI scanning as used routinely on a 1.5 Tesla scanner is not a sufficiently sensitive tool to detect either grey matter disease or diffuse white matter disease.5 Basically MRI scanners and sequences that we use in daily life are blind to at least 50% of ongoing disease activity. In order to address this deficiency, quantitative measures of cerebral atrophy have been introduced in order to monitor the effects of the hidden grey matter disease.6 Whether these techniques can be applied in general neurological practice and provide a read-out which can be understood by neurologists is yet to be determined. It is also necessary to demonstrate whether reducing the rate of Multiple Sclerosis Journal
Condensation of fractional excitons, non-Abelian states in double-layer quantum Hall systems and Z_4 parafermions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we study a method to obtain non-Abelian FQH state through double-layer FQH states and fractional exciton condensation. In particular, we find that starting with the (330) double-layer state and then increasing the interlayer tunneling strength, we may obtain a single-layer non-Abelian FQH state S(330). We show that the S(330) state is actually the Z_4 parafermion Read-Rezayi state. We also calculate the edge excitation of the S(330) state.
Mathematical modeling of a novel fractional-order monkeypox model using the Atangana–Baleanu derivative

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this research endeavor, we undertake a comprehensive analysis of a compartmental model for the monkeypox disease, leveraging the Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative framework. Our primary objective is to investigate the effectiveness of a range of control strategies in containing the transmission of this infectious ailment. The parameterization of the model is executed meticulously via the application of the maximum likelihood estimation technique. Our study involves a rigorous mathematical analysis of the considered model, which encompasses an exploration of the existence and uniqueness of solutions, as well as the establishment of conditions ensuring the compactness and continuity of these solutions. Subsequently, we embark on an extensive stability analysis of the model, complemented by the computation of both the effective and basic reproduction numbers. These calculations are instrumental in illuminating the long-term behavior of the epidemic. Additionally, we perform a sensitivity analysis of the basic reproduction number to discern the influence of various factors on disease transmission dynamics. To derive our numerical results, we implement the Adams–Bashforth predictor–corrector algorithm tailored for the Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivatives. We employ this numerical technique to facilitate the simulation of the model under a spectrum of fractional-order values, offering a visual representation of our findings. Our study underscores the pivotal roles of infection awareness, vaccination campaigns, and effective treatment in significantly curtailing disease transmission, thus contributing valuable insight to the field of epidemiology.
A scoping review of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for patients with aortic dissection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our objective was to provide evidence for exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (ECR) for patients with aortic dissection (AD), so as to better improve the prognosis of patients and improve the quality of life (QoL) after discharge. The database PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, WanFang Chinese database, ZhiWang Chinese database, Chinese Clinical Trials Registry from establishment of each database until February 2021 were included. A total of 1684 records were found by searching the database and clinical trial registry, 178 duplicate records were deleted, and 11 records met the inclusion criteria according to the screening process. We can conclude that ECR for patients with AD can effectively reduce complications and shorten the course of the disease. In addition, it is very safe because there are no serious adverse events occurring. Further research should be developed from three aspects, including the development of systematic evaluation indicators and standardized clinical exercise rehabilitation pathway, more randomized controlled trials, and the development of individualized exercise program so as to help patients with AD better improve the prognosis and QoL.
Estrategias de emprendedores sociales peruanos desde lo cognitivo y el entorno

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This research aimed to identify the strategies that social entrepreneurs use to create and grow their businesses through the analysis of cognitive dimensions and environmental facilitators. Multiple case studies were conducted to explore representative social enterprises in Peru. The results showed that business desirability defines the management of the initial years of the business, driven by empathy and moral principles, while feasibility, guided by self-efficacy, enables more sustainable growth. Four strategies, 1) maintaining coherence, 2) balancing passion and reason, 3) self-learning, and 4) active collaboration, facilitate the growth of social enterprises.
Collaborative competencies: Moving from 'soft skills' to a legitimate descriptor

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper critiques the current expression ‘soft skills,' citing the move towards the use of ‘collaboration' to describe the activities undertaken within project management and cognate disciplines. The paper contrasts the pejorative way ‘soft' is used to describe a skill range, with the constructive, and descriptive, expression ‘collaborative competencies.'
Three Improvements to Multi-Level Monte Carlo Simulation of SDE Systems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We introduce three related but distinct improvements to multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC) methods for the solution of systems of stochastic differential equations (SDEs). Firstly, we show that when the payoff function is twice continuously differentiable, the computational cost of the scheme can be dramatically reduced using a technique we call `Ito linearization'. Secondly, by again using Ito's lemma, we introduce an alternative to the antithetic method of Giles et. al [M.B. Giles, L. Szpruch. arXiv preprint arXiv:1202.6283, 2012] that uses an approximate version of the Milstein discretization requiring no Levy area simulation to obtain the theoretically optimal cost-to-error scaling. Thirdly, we generalize the antithetic method of Giles to arbitrary refinement factors. We present numerical results and compare the relative strengths of various MLMC-type methods, including each of those presented here.
Exact Synthesis of Toffoli Gate Circuits with Negative Control Lines

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The development of synthesis approaches for reversible circuits is an active research area. Besides heuristic methods, also exact synthesis received significant attention. Here, circuits realizing the desired functions e.g. with a minimal number of gates are determined. However, so far exact synthesis considering Toffoli gate circuits with positive control lines only has been considered. In this paper, we are extending the scope of exact synthesis by additionally considering negative control lines in the circuits to be synthesized. For this purpose, we propose and evaluate a SAT-based synthesis method. Our experiments show that incorporating negative control lines leads to smaller circuits with respect to the number of gates. Furthermore, in some cases even the run-time of the synthesis can be improved.
Low-energy spectra of 4n nuclei in a formalism of quartets

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Low-energy spectra of 4n nuclei are constructed in a formalism of four-body correlated structures ("quartets"). Quartets are assumed to describe the lowest states of nuclei with four active particles outside the inert core of reference. States of 4n nuclei are represented as superpositions of states constructed in terms of these quartets. We discuss some applications of the formalism for nuclei in the sd shell.
Barack Obama’s Speeches and Addresses: a Narrative and Framing Analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This Major Research Paper analyzes four of President Obama’s addresses or speeches leading up to and during the initial year in his second presidential term by asking two crucial questions that existing literature has overlooked. Scholars have primarily focused on the rhetorical strategies, themes, and techniques in Obama’s speeches. First, what political, economic, and constitutive stories did Obama include in the four speeches and addresses? I rely upon Abbott’s story definition along with Smith’s explanation of political, economic, and constitutive stories. Second, how did Obama frame these stories? I draw upon Fairhurst and Sarr’s framing techniques: metaphor, contrast, and slogan. From this analysis, it is evident that Obama carefully selects political, economic, and constitutive stories and framing techniques to convey common American experiences, provide a renewed vision for the United States of America, and empower Americans as capable agents to create a better future, ultimately moving forward, which is the slogan of his second presidential campaign.
LINEAR THEORY OF MAGNETIC HELICAL INSTABILITIES OF PLASMA DISCHARGE COLUMNS

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A new linear analysis for magnetic helical instabilities of arc discharges in a cylindrical plasma is developed based on a set of electrostatic magnetohydrodynamic equations.The resistive\|viscous m =1 “slow” modes with an external axial magnetic field are studied in the correct electrostatic ordering for the perturbed energy equation.All quantities and the growth rates of helical instabilities are obtained analytically.In addition,the effects of the external axial magnetic field,the arc currents and the rates between arc column radius and tube radius,on the arc helical instabilities are discussed.
Perturbation Free-Energy Toolkit: An Automated Alchemical\nTopology Builder

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Free-energy calculations\nplay an important role in the application\nof computational chemistry to a range of fields, including protein\nbiochemistry, rational drug design, or materials science. Importantly,\nthe free-energy difference is directly related to experimentally measurable\nquantities such as partition and adsorption coefficients, water activity,\nand binding affinities. Among several techniques aimed at predicting\nfree-energy differences, perturbation approaches, involving the alchemical\ntransformation of one molecule into another through intermediate states,\nstand out as rigorous methods based on statistical mechanics. However,\ndespite the importance of free-energy calculations, the applicability\nof the perturbation approaches is still largely impeded by a number\nof challenges, including the definition of the perturbation path,\ni.e., alchemical changes leading to the transformation of one molecule\nto the other. To address this, an automatic perturbation topology\nbuilder based on a graph-matching algorithm is developed, which can\nidentify the maximum common substructure (MCS) of two or multiple\nmolecules and provide the perturbation topologies suitable for free-energy\ncalculations using the GROMOS and the GROMACS simulation packages.\nVarious MCS search options are presented leading to alternative definitions\nof the perturbation pathway. Moreover, perturbation topologies generated\nusing the default multistate MCS search are used to calculate the\nchanges in free energy between lysine and its two post-translational\nmodifications, 3-methyllysine and acetyllysine. The pairwise free-energy\ncalculations performed on this test system led to a cycle closure\nof 0.5 ± 0.3 and 0.2 ± 0.2 kJ mol<sup>–1</sup>, with\nGROMOS and GROMACS simulation packages, respectively. The same relative\nfree energies between the three states are obtained by employing the\nenveloping distribution sampling (EDS) approach when compared to the\npairwise perturbations. Importantly, this toolkit is made available\nonline as an open-source Python package (https://github.com/drazen-petrov/SMArt).
The importance of reestablishing orbitary architecture for rehabilitation with an ocular prosthesis: a case report

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Anophthalmia is mainly caused by two etiological groups, trauma and medical conditions. In addition, anophthalmia creates difficulties in social, professional, and family adaptation due to psychological, and functional disorders related to eye loss. Studies show a positive influence on the personal relationship of patients with anophthalmia after being rehabilitated with ocular prostheses. However, in order to achieve a good aesthetic result in prosthetic eye rehabilitation, it is essential that the size and positioning of the orbital skeleton are adequate. Facial trauma can also cause defects associated with bone loss, and in these cases, reconstructive techniques aim to restore the appropriate bone contour. The aim of this work is to report a case where reconstructive treatment was performed on a patient victim of a long-term traffic accident sequel, using an alloplastic implant in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and bone repositioning, so that an ocular prosthesis could be made. At the end of the treatment, after reconstruction of the frontal-nasal region in PMMA and repositioning of the left zygoma, the aesthetic objectives were achieved and the patient improved his self-esteem and social life.
Development of a micro flow control system

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is a useful technique which is very common use in current. PCR is also a revolutionary method developed by Kary Mullis in the 1980s. PCR is based on using the ability of DNA polymerase to synthesize new strand of DNA complementary to the offered template strand. Said in simple way is to duplicate the DNA strands using this technique. In pre-existing 3'-OH group, the DNA polymerase can add a nucleotide only, so it needs a primer to which it can add the first nucleotide. At the end of the PCR reaction process, the specific sequence will be accumulated in billions of copies (amplicons).
Coercion as a metaphor for computation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Consideration is given to a generalization of coercion that permits structured transformations between program and data structures. The nature of these coercions goes significantly beyond what is found in most modern programming languages. The intent is to develop a programming model that permits the expression of a wide range of superficially diverse modularity constructs within a simple and unified framework. The design of this model is based on the observation that a variety of program structures found in modern programming languages are represented fundamentally in terms of an environment. Given suitable transformations that map the environment representation of a program structure into a data object, it is possible to enable the programmer to gain explicit control over the naming environment. An investigation is made of the semantics of program/data coercion in the presence of a non-strict parallel evaluation semantics for environments. Parallelism and program/data coercion form an interesting symbiosis and it is the investigation of this interaction that forms the primary focus of this work.< >