jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Reducing treatment dose errors with low molecular weight heparins

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Cancer patients have a 1 in 200 risk of a venous thromboembolic event, which is five times higher than the general population. Low molecular weight heparins are used in the treatment of venous thrombo-embolism but a patient weight calculation is required to determine the correct dose. Incorrect weight estimations can lead to serious adverse effects. In general hospices do not have ways of accurately assessing patient weight. Recent guidance from the National Patient Safety Agency has specified guidelines on treatment. Aim To assess hospice compliance with recommendations from the NPSA. To initiate appropriate changes in clinical practice relating to prescribing of LMWH. Method Retrospective audit of clinical records of patients who were on treatment for venous thrombo-embolic disease. Results ▶ 5/6 patients with venous thrombo-embolic disease were anticoagulated ▶ 0 patients were weighed prior to treatment ▶ Limited use of biochemical screening prior to treatment ▶ Incomplete documentation/communication to other healthcare professionals. Conclusion ▶ If weighing equipment not available other methods of assessing patient weight are required ▶ Essential information should be documented and communicated when patient care transferred to another setting ▶ Discussion of the pros and cons of anticoagulation should be part of routine care for all patients. ▶ Need for education for all hospice staff ▶ Review of documentation used ▶ Need for reaudit within 6 months.
Using the Group-Based Dual Trajectory Model to Analyze Two Related Longitudinal Outcomes

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The group-based latent trajectory model allows investigators to identify distinctive trajectory groups based on relevant outcomes. Dual trajectory analysis enables examination of the interrelationship between two outcomes simultaneously. This paper describes the application of the group-based dual trajectory model in mental health and substance abuse research. We analyzed two related recovery outcomes: 1) social contact with non-substance abusing friends and 2) stage of substance abuse treatment. We identified four groups for social contact and four groups for substance abuse treatment. We then examined the interrelationship between the two outcomes across the trajectory groups over 10 years. The two outcomes are positively associated longitudinally and evolve in the same direction, although for specific groups, the two outcomes do not covary. By examining dynamic linkages across all trajectory groups between two longitudinal outcomes, the dual model provides a more comprehensive and realistic understanding of the underlying relationships between the two outcomes under investigation.
Microalgal Target of Rapamycin (TOR): A Central Regulatory Hub for Growth, Stress Response and Biomass Production.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Target of rapamycin (TOR) is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase that plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth and sensing of nutrient and energy status in eukaryotes. In yeasts and mammals, the roles of TOR have been very well described, and various functions of TOR signaling in plant lineages have also been revealed over the past 20 years. In the case of microalgae, the functions of TOR have been primarily studied in the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and were summarized in an earlier single review article. However, the recent development of tools for the functional analysis of TOR has helped to reveal the involvement of TOR in various functions, including autophagy, transcription, translation, accumulation of energy storage molecules, etc., in microalgae. In the present review, we discuss recent novel findings relating to TOR signaling and its roles in microalgae along with relevant information on land plants and also provide details of topics that must be addressed in future studies to reveal how TOR regulates various physiological functions in microalgae.
Drought-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria alleviate drought stress and enhance soil health for sustainable agriculture: A comprehensive review

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Climate change has exacerbated the impact of abiotic stresses, mainly drought, on plant production. Plant selection, breeding, and genetic engineering to increase drought tolerance are costly and time-consuming. To mitigate drought stress, plants employ adaptive mechanisms and interact with beneficial microorganisms, such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Inoculating plant roots with various PGPR species promotes drought tolerance through a network of cellular, physiological, and biochemical mechanisms, including enhanced root elongation, increased phytohormone production, and synthesis of volatile organic compounds. PGPR colonization represents an environmentally sustainable agricultural technique that enhances plant growth, development, and yield by facilitating improved tolerance to environmental challenges. The current review provides an overview of the impact of drought stress on plant growth and development, detailing how PGPR induce physiological, morphological, and molecular responses to mitigate drought stress.
Replacement of missing mandibular lateral incisors with a single pontic all-ceramic prosthesis: a case report.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The conventional approach for replacing congenitally missing mandibular lateral incisors dictates the placement of either a conventional porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) bridge, Maryland bridge, or fiber-reinforced composite veneer bridge. However, several appearance-related disadvantages have been reported in the use of a prosthesis which incorporates a metal substructure. To address these limitations, metal-free restorative alternatives have been recently developed to expand the clinical options when fabrication of these prostheses is indicated. The learning objective of this article is to present the utilization of a single pontic all-ceramic resin-bonded bridge to replace congenitally missing mandibular lateral incisors, where the existing mesiodistal spaces were narrow and the abutment teeth exhibited insufficient substance for the conventional treatment modality.
The Chaplain as Religious Liaison in the Global War on Terror (GWOT)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Joint doctrine identifies the chaplain as a potential liaison with foreign religious officials. Many of these religious officials carry authority beyond that of church doctrine as they often wield power essential to stabilizing a given region. Chaplains need to understand this liaison role and train to it to make their expertise available to the Operational Commanders in the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT). In this way, chaplains can minimize inter-religious friction while maximizing intercultural understanding during conflict and post-conflict operations. Chaplains in this liaison role can be a factor in removing the issue of "religion" from insurgents while caring for the needs of the indigenous population through local religious leaders and nongovernmental agencies (NGOs). Chaplains can, and must be used to assist the Operational Commander in stabilizing a region where military forces are currently employed without violating the chaplain's unique role as a noncombatant.
Tacitus' Fragment 2: the Anti-Roman Movement of the Christiani and the Nazoreans

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract There is little consensus as to the historical nature of the sect identified by Tacitus in Annales 15.44 as the Christiani. Nor is there any firm consensus on the authenticity and historicity of all of that fragment known as Tacitus' fragment 2 (= Sulpicius Severus (Chronica 2.30.6-7), whose references to "Christiani" are widely suspected of being later Christian interpolations. Much of this fragment is thought, nevertheless, to be from the lost portion of the fifth book of Tacitus' Historiae. A solution can be found to both of these problems by adducing from fragment 2 new evidence indicating that this fragment indeed represents a primary historical source. This new evidence takes the form of the discovery of a significant statistical relationship among the following three words: (1) The metaphor stirps (branch, descendants) used to describe the Christiani in fragment 2, (2) and (3) Nαζωραîoζ and Nαζαρηνoζ (Nazorean), describing the New Testament sect associated with the of Acts 11.26. The connecting link among, as well as the common source for, the three words listed above appears to be the Hebrew netser (branch, descendants-apparently influenced by Isa 11.1), which both translates into stirps and translitcrates into N It is mathematically extremely unlikely that this link with netser represents a random coincidence. Also, it appears that a later Christian redactor of fragment 2 or his target audience would not have known of this connection. Because of this and other contextual explanations, the possibility is largely eliminated that fragment 2 could have been significantly redacted by a later Christian. We are thus left with the substantial probability that this fragment constitutes a primary historical source, most likely via Tacitus. In turn this source supplies us with a probable solution to the problem of the Christiani's identity by depicting them in fragment 2 as being major participants in the first Jewish revolt against Rome in 66-73 CE.
CD44 Participates in IP-10 Induction in Cells in Which Hepatitis C Virus RNA Is Replicating, through an Interaction with Toll-Like Receptor 2 and Hyaluronan

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The mechanisms of induction of liver injury during chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) are not well understood. Gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), a member of the CXC chemokine family, is expressed in the liver of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients and selectively recruits activated T cells to the sites of inflammation. Recently, it was shown that a low plasma concentration of IP-10 in CHC patients was closely associated with the outcome of antiviral therapy. In this study, we examined the role of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway on IP-10 production in cells replicating HCV. Among the CXC chemokines, the expression of IP-10 was specifically increased in cells replicating HCV upon stimulation with conventional TLR2 ligands. The enhancement of IP-10 production upon stimulation with TLR2 ligands in cells replicating HCV induced CD44 expression. CD44 is a broadly distributed type I transmembrane glycoprotein and a receptor for the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA). In CHC patients, the expression of HA in serum has been shown to increase in accord with the progression of liver fibrosis, and HA also works as a ligand for TLR2. In the present study, IP-10 production upon HA stimulation was dependent on the expression of TLR2 and CD44, and a direct association between TLR2 and CD44 was observed. These results suggest that endogenous expression of HA in hepatocytes in CHC patients participates in IP-10 production through an engagement of TLR2 and CD44.
Data from Overproduction of Gastrointestinal 5-HT Promotes Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer Progression via Enhancing NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Chronic inflammation is a key driver for colitis-associated colorectal cancer. 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), a neurotransmitter, has been reported to promote inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. However, the mechanism behind this remains unclear. In this study, we found that 5-HT levels, as well as the expression of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1), the 5-HT biosynthesis rate-limiting enzyme, were significantly upregulated in colorectal tumor tissues from patients with colorectal cancer, colorectal cancer mouse models, and colorectal cancer cell lines when compared with normal colorectal tissues or epithelial cell lines. Colorectal cancer cell–originated 5-HT enhanced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in THP-1 cells and immortalized bone marrow–derived macrophages (iBMDM) via its ion channel receptor, HTR3A. Mechanistically, HTR3A activation led to Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx, followed by CaMKIIα phosphorylation (Thr286) and activation, which then induced NLRP3 phosphorylation at Ser198 (mouse: Ser194) and inflammasome assembling. The NLRP3 inflammasome mediated IL1β maturation, and release upregulated 5-HT biosynthesis in colorectal cancer cells by inducing <i>TPH1</i> transcription, revealing a positive feedback loop between 5-HT and NLRP3 signaling. Silencing TPH1 or HTR3A by short hairpin RNA slowed down tumor growth in an established CT26 and iBMDM coimplanted subcutaneous allograft colorectal cancer mouse model, whereas treatment with TPH1 inhibitor 4-chloro-DL-phenylalanine or HTR3A antagonist tropisetron alleviated tumor progression in an azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate–induced colorectal cancer mouse model. Addressing the positive feedback loop between 5-HT and NLRP3 signaling could provide potential therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer.</p></div>
Women’s Perception of Continuity of Team Midwifery Care in Iran: A Qualitative Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Understanding the pregnant women’s perception of continuity of team midwifery care is necessary for introducing and implementing this model of midwife-led care in the Iranian maternity services. This qualitative study aims to explore women’s perception of continuity of team midwifery care in Iran. Methods: This research is a qualitative study conducted in Iran to explore women's perception of continuity of team midwifery care during pregnancy, birth and postpartum from October 2019 to August 2020. 15 semi-structured interviews were conducted with women individually through a purposive sampling method. Interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim and analyzed using conventional content analysis. Results: From the data analysis, two themes, four main categories, and nine subcategories emerged. The themes were “Maternal empowerment” and “Mother’s satisfaction during the transition from pregnancy to motherhood”. The first theme included two categories of improving self-efficacy during antenatal education classes and the effective midwife-mother interaction. The second theme composed of two categories of satisfaction with the process of pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum as well as satisfaction with motherhood. Conclusion: Findings of this qualitative study highlight the effectiveness of continuity of team midwifery model of care for promoting empowerment and satisfaction in women during pregnancy, birth and postpartum. The results of this study could pave the way for developing, introducing and implementing the midwife-led continuity models of care in Iran.
Full Implementation of the Secondary 1 Program of Project P.A.T.H.S.: Observations Based on the Co-Walker Scheme

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study was conducted in order to understand the implementation quality of the Secondary 1 Program of the Tier 1 Program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. (Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programmes) in the first year of the Full Implementation Phase. Classroom observations of 137 units in 85 schools were conducted under the Co-Walker Scheme. Results showed that the overall level of program adherence was generally high, with an average of 86.57%. Thirteen aspects concerning program delivery were significantly correlated. Multiple regression analyses revealed that (1) overall implementation quality was significantly predicted by interactive delivery method, use of positive and supportive feedback, opportunity for reflection, degree of achievement of the objectives, and lesson preparation; whereas (2) success of implementation was significantly predicted by student interest, interactive delivery method, use of positive and supportive feedback, opportunity for reflection, and degree of achievement of the objectives. In general, the present study suggests that the implementation quality of the Project P.A.T.H.S. is good.
(d,n) thick-target yields and total cross sections between 1 and 40 MeV

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

New results are reported for (d,n) neutron yields, total cross sections, and zero-degree energy spectra for Li, Be, C, and Al targets and for bombarding energies ranging from 15 to 40 MeV. Semiempirical equations have been derived from the available (d,n) thick-target total cross section and total yield data.
Synthesis and characterization of microalgae fatty acids or Aloe vera oil microcapsules

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract It’s proposed a single methodology for the encapsulation of Aloe vera oil or microalgae fatty acids using the complex coacervation process between gelatin and gum arabic. Although a very recurrent method, it is not trivial to establish a single coacervation methodology to encapsulate different compounds. The optimal synthesis conditions, that resulted in the best yield and encapsulation efficiency, are 1:1 (m/m) wall-to-core ratio, a temperature of 40°C and agitation speed of 10,000 rpm. Optical microscopy analysis revealed that the microcapsules are spherical, have average diameters of 112 μm (A. vera) and 118 μm (microalgae) and do not form agglomerates. The microcapsules were characterized by the osmotic pressure at which they ruptured, allowing the calculation of their mechanical resistance, which resulted in 392 MPa (A. vera) and 425 MPa (microalgae). The presented optimized methodology to encapsulate both compounds aims to contribute to their efficient and rational use, especially in cosmeceutical applications.
Macroscopic kink instabilities in toroidal relativistic beams

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The interaction of such beams with the shear Alfven modes of the background plasma has been examined and a class of low-frequency instabilities which are similar to the hydrodynamic kink instabilities of the current-carrying plasma have been found. However, for the case of a beam-plasma configuration, the spectrum of the Alfven modes is, in general, complex, which precludes the use of an energy principle. A normal mode approach is employed and both growth rates and real frequencies for n=1, m=1, 2, 3, 4 instabilities for various values of beam energy and nu A/c have been calculated.
Principles of Physical Growth in Campus Settlements: Assessment of Alaaddin Keykubat Campüs

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Universities, among the educational institutions where qualified manpower to shape the future of a society are trained, means a collection of buildings in which education and research activities take place physically.As a contemporary educational environment, universities are required by the education system that develops apart from the basic functions of education, research and knowledge production; It includes physical formations that will respond to functions such as work, nutrition, shopping, entertainment, sports, recreation and health.The socio-economic, cultural and recreational needs of the society, which change and develop over time, have made it necessary for universities to be planned as new settlements away from the city centers.Thus, the concept of "campus" emerged and universities began to be established in large areas in areas open to development, based on certain systems.Campus settlements, which have the characteristics of a city in themselves and therefore have a structure that changes and develops over time, are expected to serve for many years, and in this sense, they should be planned in a way that can meet their development and growth needs.In this study discussing the physical growth and change process of Selcuk University Alaaddin Keykubat Campus it is aimed to evaluate the sample area by considering the growth and flexibility criteria of university campuses.As a result, it is possible to say that both the chosen settlement system and the adopted design criteria can directly or indirectly affect the physical growth and development opportunities on campuses, starting from the pre-planning stage.It is important for universities, which are expected to serve in the long term and are important for the development of the society, to accurately determine the physical growth and development opportunities in the campuses and to support these determinations with the appropriate settlement system and design criteria, so that they can fulfill these responsibilities in favor of the society for a long time.
Treatment Recommendations Following 3-Day Masked Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Glycemic control remains suboptimal in youth with type 1 diabetes. Retrospective continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has demonstrated utility in fine-tuning diabetes management by detecting postprandial hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. In this study, we explored the process of 3-day masked CGM use, subsequent treatment recommendations, and impact on A1c in a clinic-based sample of youth with type 1 diabetes. Methods: Over 2 years, 122 youth were referred for masked CGM. Patients/families completed a diary of blood glucose levels, insulin doses, food intake, and exercise during CGM use. A1c was assessed pre- and 2-3 months post-CGM. Treatment recommendations were formulated using data from CGM reports and diaries. Results: Mean age was 14.3 ± 3.9 years, diabetes duration was 7.5 ± 4.7 years, and A1c was 8.5 ± 1.1% (69 ± 12 mmol/mol); 61% were pump-treated. Patients received an average of 3.1 ± 1.1 treatment recommendations following review of the CGM report. Most (80%) received reinforcement of the importance of preprandial bolusing; 37% received a recommendation regarding advanced insulin management (use of combination boluses/attend to active insulin). Receipt of the latter recommendation was related to A1c improvement ≥0.5% (OR: 4.0, P < .001). Conclusions: Masked CGM offers opportunities to guide advanced insulin management (by injection or pump), which may yield A1c improvements in youth with type 1 diabetes.