jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Is growth hormone administration essential for in vitro fertilization treatment of female patients with growth hormone deficiency?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Available evidence suggests that the fertility of growth hormone deficient female patients could be decreased, although the responsible mechanisms are unknown. Taking into account the multiple effects of growth hormone on reproduction suggested by experimental and clinical studies in women without growth hormone deficiency, the growth hormone deficit by itself could contribute to infertility in these patients. However, the necessity of growth hormone administration and the profile of the infertile patients with growth hormone deficiency who would benefit from treatment are largely unknown. Growth hormone effects on oocyte quality is one of the possible mechanisms through which growth hormone could be involved in fertility of these patients. However, this hypothesis was not tested in patients with adequately diagnosed growth hormone deficiency. We present the case of a 29-year-old female patient with growth hormone deficiency and tubal infertility who was referred for in vitro fertilization treatment. The couple underwent two conventional in vitro fertilization procedures: the first one, without growth hormone treatment and, because no pregnancy was achieved, the second one after growth hormone (somatropinum) administration for 3 months. Although the number of the retrieved oocytes was the same, the quality of the oocytes was improved and their ability to evolve into good quality embryos after fertilization was increased after growth hormone administration. Consequently, the pregnancy was obtained after the second in vitro fertilization treatment and patient gave birth to a healthy boy. In conclusion, our case report suggests that adequate levels of growth hormone are essential for an adequate competence of the oocytes in infertile patients with growth hormone deficiency. Therefore, growth hormone administration should be taken into consideration for patients with this deficiency in order to optimize the results of infertility treatment. Abbreviations: GH: growth hormone; GHD: growth hormone deficiency; HCG: human chorionic gonadotropin; IVF: in vitro fertilization; IGF: insulin like growth factor.
Yale Men as Writers on Law and Government

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

An American bar was not really in existence before the Revolution.Great causes in which the colonists were interested were occasionally argued at Westminster or before the King in Council, but they were generally in the hands of English barristers.One of the first American lawyers who ever argued before the latter tribunal* was William Samuel Johnson of Connecticut (Yale, Class of 1744), a silver-tongued orator, and one of the Committee on Style, which put the constitution of the United States in its final form, but who has left no published works to perpetuate his name.tHis appearance was in the Mohegan case, involving important landed interests in Connecticut, heard at London in 1767, and he had been made, the year before, a Doctor of Civil Law by the University of Oxford.There could be no legal literature in America until our law took a shape of its own, and came to be cultivated as a science.To this Independence opened the door.$ Removing the possibility of any appel from American to English tribunals, it gave the lawyers of that day a fair field to work out an orderly system of jurisprudence,
Management of a patient with Wilms's tumour extending into the right heart chambers: a case report and a review of other published reports.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Wilms's tumours that extend by direct intravascular spread into the right side of the heart are rare. A case of such a tumour was diagnosed by ultrasound. A one stage resection was performed on cardiopulmonary bypass and with profound hypothermic circulatory arrest. It was followed by adjunctive chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The child was alive and tumour free 18 months later. A review of 17 other similar cases indicated that multimodal treatment is justified in patients with extensive intravascular spread of Wilms's tumours.
Implementation of planar proton minibeam radiation therapy using a pencil beam scanning system: A proof of concept study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose Proton minibeam radiation therapy ( pMBRT ) is an innovative approach that combines the advantages of minibeam radiation therapy with the more precise ballistics of protons to further reduce the side effects of radiation. One of the main challenges of this approach is the generation of very narrow proton pencil beams with an adequate dose‐rate to treat patients within a reasonable treatment time (several minutes) in existing clinical facilities. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of implementing pMBRT by combining the pencil beam scanning ( PBS ) technique with the use of multislit collimators. This proof of concept study of pMBRT with a clinical system is intended to guide upcoming biological experiments. Methods Monte Carlo simulations ( TOPAS v3.1.p2) were used to design a suitable multislit collimator to implement planar pMBRT for conventional pencil beam scanning settings. Dose distributions (depth‐dose curves, lateral profiles, Peak‐to‐Valley Dose Ratio ( PVDR ) and dose‐rates) for different proton beam energies were assessed by means of Monte Carlo simulations and experimental measurements in a water tank using commercial ionization chambers and a new p‐type silicon diode, the IBA RAZOR . An analytical intensity‐modulated dose calculation algorithm designed to optimize the weight of individual Bragg peaks composing the field was also developed and validated. Results Proton minibeams were then obtained using a brass multislit collimator with five slits measuring 2 cm × 400 μm in width with a center‐to‐center distance of 4 mm. The measured and calculated dose distributions (depth‐dose curves and lateral profiles) showed a good agreement. Spread‐out Bragg peaks ( SOBP ) and homogeneous dose distributions around the target were obtained by means of intensity modulation of Bragg peaks, while maintaining spatial fractionation at shallow depths. Mean dose‐rates of 0.12 and 0.09 Gy/s were obtained for one iso‐energy layer and a SOBP conditions in the presence of multislit collimator. Conclusions This study demonstrates the feasibility of implementing pMBRT on a PBS system. It also confirms the reliability of RAZOR detector for pMBRT dosimetry. This newly developed experimental methodology will support the design of future preclinical research with pMBRT .
Human resource practices and voluntary labour turnover in the readymade garment industry in Bangladesh

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The huge volume of research on labour turnover displays four features that are especially relevant to the present study: most studies use the individual employee as the unit of analysis; few focus on the organisation as the unit of analysis; most apply quantitative methods and only a few have employed qualitative methods; and most are conducted in Western and/or developed countries, with relatively few in developing countries. The current research project is therefore distinctive because it: focuses on the organisation as the unit of analysis; applies qualitative case study research methods; and it is located in the developing country of Bangladesh. The Ready Made Garment (RMG) industry in Bangladesh has played an impressive role in the transformation of the national economy from one based on agriculture to one increasingly based on export-oriented manufacturing. In the process, this industry has provided significant opportunities for employment and contributed towards the improvement of living standards, particularly of women. Despite the incredible growth, however, the RMG industry continues to confront serious challenges, one of which is high labour turnover. In order to understand better the manifestations and causes of the labour turnover problem – as well as its potential solutions – the research project reported in this thesis studies eight companies in the Bangladeshi RMG industry, differentiated by their size, ownership, geographical location and role in the supply chain. The findings provide unusually rich empirical data on the quite different patterns of labour turnover in these eight case studies, including overall organisational rates of turnover ranging from 11 percent to 33 percent, differences in turnover rates between occupational groups and diverse consequences of high labour turnover. The explanation offered of the differences in turnover rates between the case organisations in this industry focuses on the interaction between factors internal to the organisations, and therefore under the control of management, and external factors, beyond management’s immediate control. With respect to the former, a large number of individual human resource management and workplace safety policies and practices are found to be associated with turnover rates, but more important is the finding that these multiple internal factors are best considered as part of a package or system of practices. With respect to the latter, key external explanatory factors include local labour markets and the operation of government regulations. By studying labour turnover in a way that differs to the dominant approach – that is, offering a more holistic analysis of organisational turnover rates using qualitative methods in a developing country context – this thesis is able to offer not only novel empirical data but also theoretical insights and practical recommendations to both mangers and governments.
A hydrogel system containing molybdenum-based nanomaterials for wound healing

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Wound delayed healing or non-healing has seriously affected patients' quality of life and has been a significant economic burden for public health systems worldwide. Excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles for impeding the process of wound healing. Herein, we report a hydrogel system containing low-valence-state molybdenum nanomaterials (Mo hydrogel) for wound healing by scavenging the detrimental ROS. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that the synthesized Mo hydrogel can accelerate wound healing, promote angiogenesis, and stimulate the expression of growth factors. Since the molybdenum is an essential element for the survival of all organisms, such novel Mo-hydrogel has the great potential to be clinically translated for wound healing.
PORTFOLIO LIQUIDITY MANAGEMENT WITH EXPECTED SHORTFALL CONSTRAINT

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract In a standard approach to portfolio valuation, it is assumed that market is perfectly liquid, so assets in the portfolio have unique prices. In reality, however, this does not seem to be true. Liquidity deterioration in the market may have an impact on the asset values. Also, the liquidity policy, which the portfolio is restricted by, can influence on its value. In this paper, we describe and analyze the relationship between the portfolio value and the liquidity policy. When quantifying the portfolio value, coherent portfolio risk measure (CPRM) is employed. In the portfolio valuation model, the Power-Law marginal supply-demand curve (MSDC) is used to deal with the different level of liquidity of the constituents. The portfolio value is assessed based on the liquidity constraints includes capital requirement, minimum weight and portfolio Expected Shortfall (ES) value. These restrictions affect, to a varying degree, the liquidation of illiquid and high volatility assets. We found that as liquidity policy becomes stricter with the portfolio ES constraint, the liquidation cost increases significantly. Also, the liquidation cost increased according to the portfolio ES liquidity policy is particularly pronounced as the size of the portfolio become larger and the trade duration becomes shorter.
Pengukuran Efektivitas Endorsement Melalui Akun Kreator dan Akun Publik Instagram Menggunakan TEARS Model

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Among the many options of endorsers on public accounts as well as creator accounts on the Instagram platform, industry players must be careful in choosing the appropriate endorser who can represent the promoted product. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of endorsement on creator accounts and public accounts as endorsers using the TEARS Model. This model consists of trust, expertise, attractiveness, respect, and similarity between creator account endorsers and public account endorsers. This study evaluates respondents' perceptions of two different types of endorsers based on similar advertising products, namely culinary products. This study uses descriptive analysis methods with a quantitative approach. The population used is Generation Z individuals who are Instagram social media users with a sample of 385 respondents. The results of this study show that creator account endorsers are more effective than public account endorsers. Creator accounts have a higher level of effectiveness in the dimensions of trust, attractiveness, and respect. In contrast, the dimensions of expertise and similarity with the target audience are higher in public account endorsers. Generation Z evaluates that both types of accounts have their respective advantages, where endorsement on creator accounts is more attention-grabbing and convincing, while endorsement on public accounts is more relatable due to the similarity of hobbies between endorsers and Generation Z consumers.
Land: Object of and Condition for African Agricultural Investments

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In Africa, land rights should first of all allow access to land. For family farmers, land rights are generally customary, and innovative procedures can help secure these rights. Investors prefer property titles and/or land grants from the State. Land rights may also be used as loan collateral. However, environmental constraints limit land rights due to the exploitation of natural resources (renewable or otherwise), which competes with agricultural uses. Governance must be able to depend on coherent land and natural resource laws.
Effect of Rootstocks on Tree Vigour, Health, Yield and Fruit Quality in Hamlin Cv. of Sweet Orange

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A rootstock trial was planted at Abohar (Punjab) during 1977 on Hamlin cultivar of sweet orange budded on seven rootstocks namely: Jatti Khatti, Kharna Khatta, Troyer, Carrizo, Sacaton, Savage and Cleopatra. The results revealed that Hamlin trees budded on Jatti Khatti proved most vigorous and productive as these gave significantly more tree girth with 100 per cent healthy trees. Cleopatra proved the next best rootstock. Not much significant differences were observed with respect to physico-chemical parameters of fruits amongst different rootstocks. Cleopatra produced less granulated fruit than those observed on Jatti Khatti root-stock.
Classification of RNA sequences with pseudoknots using features based on partial sequences

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Classification on pseudoknots existence is a challenging and meaningful problem in Bioinformatics. As predicting RNA secondary structures with pseudoknots is NP-complete problem while predicting pseudoknot-free structures can be done in O(n 3 ) time, if a preliminary pseudoknots existence classification of RNA sequence can be done before the prediction, the classification result can enhance the efficiency of RNA secondary structure prediction. In this paper, a classification of the existence of pseudoknots in an RNA sequence is presented. A set of features have been chosen by partial sequence content and thousands of RNA sequences with validated structures are used to train the classifier. Using a validated testing dataset, this classification method is shown to achieve a very good performance that the best result get 87% accuracy in 10-fold cross validation and around 75% accuracy in testing data. Moreover it may reveal how partial sequence content can affect the formation of pseudoknots.
miR-21: Biogenesis,Expression Regulations and Its Role in Regulating Apoptosis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Apoptosis is a basic biological phenomenon,which plays a key role in physiological and pathological process.miRNAs are a small class of endogenous non-coding,single-stranded RNA of about 22 nucleotides in length,which are found in eukaryotes,and can regulate cell apoptosis,differentiation,proliferation,invasion and metabolism via regulating expression of target gene.Particularly,as one of miRNAs,miR-21 and its function in regulating cell apoptosis has been reported in extensive studies.This paper reviewed the biogenesis and expression regulations of miR-21 and its role in regulating apoptosis.
[Role of thyroxine in releasing tissue plasminogen activators].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Experiments on animals have shown that thyroxin at doses of 10, 50 and 150 micrograms/kg promotes releasing the plasminogen tissue activator from the kidneys, liver and heart. It leads to an increase in the difference in its content in the venous and arterial blood of these organs as compared to control animals. Thyroxin at the above doses simultaneously decreases the level of the plasminogen activator in the pulmonary, renal and liver tissue as well as in the myocardium.
Reversible brain creatine deficiency in two sisters with normal blood creatine level

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We describe a new creatine metabolism disorder in 2 young sisters who suffered from mental retardation and severe language delay. Blood examination, investigation of the most common neurometabolic disorders, and brain magnetic resonance imaging were normal. Diagnosis was established only by means of in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which disclosed generalized depletion of creatine in the brain. Creatine monohydrate oral administration led to almost complete brain creatine level restoration along with improvement of the patients' disabilities. Ann Neurol 2000;47:511–513.
ODP548 Fatty acid metabolism-related factors in breast and endometrial cancers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Obesity is a well-known risk factor for gynecological malignant tumors such as breast and endometrial cancers. In the cancer microenvironment, the interaction between cancer cells and adipocytes reportedly contributes to the malignant behavior of cancer. In breast cancer, the fatty acid transporter CD36, also known as fatty acid translocase, has been shown to mediate fatty acid uptake into cancer cells and activate signaling pathways that promote tumor progression. Fatty acids are speculated to play important roles in breast and endometrial cancer; however, detailed mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we first examined the expression of CD36 and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase long chain (ACADL) in breast (30 cases) and endometrial (35 cases) cancer tissues using immunohistochemistry. CD36 is a membrane protein that transports long-chain fatty acids, and ACADL catalyzes the initial β-oxidation reaction. We detected no correlation between the CD36 status and clinicopathological factors, including the estrogen receptor status in breast cancer tissues. CD36 status revealed a significant positive correlation with lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer. There was no immunoreactivity for CD36 in morphologically normal mammary glands. Otherwise, CD36 immunoreactivity was detected in the endometrial glandular cells. In both cancers, ACADL expression did not correlate with any clinicopathological factor. Both CD36 and ACADL showed higher positivity rates in endometrial cancer than in breast cancer. In addition, the effect of lipid addition on cell proliferation was examined using breast (T-47D) and endometrial (AN3CA) cancer cell lines exhibiting equivalent CD36 levels. Lipid (Refeed JNS) was obtained from Remembrane, Italy. Lipid addition promoted cell proliferation in both T-47D and AN3CA cells. Intracellular fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) was visualized using FAOBlue (Funakoshi, Tokyo, Japan), a nonanoic acid (C9) derivative of coumarin, a blue fluorescence dye. Following FAOBlue decomposition in the fourth FAO cycle, coumarin is released from propionic acid, and released coumarin shows strong blue fluorescence excited at 405 nm. T-47D cells showed blue fluorescence in the lipid-supplemented medium, indicating β-oxidative activity. Conversely, AN3CA cells exhibited weak fluorescence under the same conditions. It can be postulated that intracellular lipid uptake and subsequent β-oxidation are mediated via a specific pathway in breast and endometrial cancers. Lipid-mediated effects differ between breast and endometrial cancers, and further investigations are needed to elucidate intracellular signals mediating these effects. Presentation: No date and time listed
Conjugated linoleic acid and chromium lower body weight and visceral fat mass in high‐fat‐diet‐fed mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract More than half of the U.S. population has a body mass index of 25 kg/m 2 or more, which classifies them as overweight or obese. Obesity is often associated with comorbidities such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. CLA and chromium have emerged as major dietary supplements that reduce body weight and fat mass, and increase basal metabolic rate in animal models. However, studies show that CLA induces insulin resistance in mice and in humans, whereas Cr improves insulin sensitivity. Hence, we designed the present study to examine the combined effect of CLA and Cr on body composition and insulin sensitivity in a Balb/c mice ( n =10/group) model of high‐fat‐diet‐induced obesity. CLA alone lowered body weight, total body fat mass, and visceral fat mass, the last of which decreased further with the combination of CLA and Cr. This effect was accompanied by decreased serum leptin levels in CLA‐fed and CLA+Cr‐fed mice, and by higher energy expenditure (EE) and oxygen consumption (OC) in CLA+Cr‐fed mice. Serum levels of glucose, insulin, the pro‐inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), as well as insulin resistance index (IRI), decreased with CLA, whereas CLA and Cr in combination had significant effects on insulin and IL‐6 concentrations and IRI. In summary, CLA+Cr decreased body weight and fat mass in high‐fat‐diet‐fed mice, which may be associated with decreased leptin levels and higher EE and OC.
Chapter 9 The Effects of Uncertainty and Sunk Costs on Firms' Decision-Making: Evidence Investment Dynamics

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper presents selected evidence on the impact of uncertainty and sunk costs on firms' decisions related to entry and exit, and investment expenditures. Evidence from a large sample of US manufacturing industries shows that greater uncertainty about profits significantly lowers net entry as well as investment. The negative effects are most pronounced in industries that are dominated by small firms and have high sunk costs. We note some implications for policy related to antitrust, employment and economic stabilization.
Prevention from swallowing or aspiration indentistry for elderly patients

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

\n\tForeign body aspiration is a possible issue during dental treatmentand may result in serious consequences, such as intestinal perforation. Its occurrence is relatively common when treating young children or the elderly. Many articles in dentistry have tackled the consequences and management whenever swallowing or aspiration occur, without focusing onprevention, which seems to be limited up until now. Thus, this paper aims at discussing methods for prevention of ingestion and aspirastion of foreign bodies during dental procedures.