jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Life history consequences of climate change in hibernating mammals: a review

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Climatic shifts to warmer and often drier conditions are challenging terrestrial species worldwide. These shifts are occurring more rapidly at higher elevations and latitudes, likely causing disproportionate effects to mammalian hibernators there. While there is some information about how these species' ranges are responding to climatic shifts, we lack an understanding of how climate components are affecting species' life history variation, which is key to individual success and population‐level resilience. We reviewed the literature to identify the direction of life history responses to climate change in mammalian hibernators along three axes: latitudinal, elevational and temporal. We found 39 studies involving 27 species that reported climate effects on our four target life history traits – phenology, body mass/condition and growth, reproduction and survival. We found warmer temperatures are advancing hibernator phenology and increasing reproductive success. By contrast, warming and drying trends are having uncertain effects on body condition, and complex effects on survival – depending on season, age class, latitude and elevation. We found no pattern of significant climate‐trait outcomes by duration or decade of study. More research on drought conditions – particularly in relation to resource availability – would help inform hibernator susceptibility to increased drying trends expected to intensify globally. Notably, our results are highly biased towards small mammal hibernators in Northern Hemisphere alpine/mountain ecosystems, with few long‐term studies conducted on Southern Hemisphere hibernators. This review highlights that phenological shifts constitute one of the most obvious consequences of climate change, yet, the timing of life history events (e.g. timing of migration, reproduction, hibernation) remains poorly understood. Further integration of insights from physiologists, evolutionary biologists and population ecologists working on wild populations will improve our collective understanding of the effects of seasonal climatic shifts on mammalian hibernator life history traits, key drivers of their population‐level persistence.
<title>Laser-induced fluorescence in contaminated soils</title>

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

A fiber-optic fluorometer that uses laser excitation has been developed to perform field screening of contaminated soils at hazardous waste sites. The unit uses a nitrogen laser and an optical multichannel analyzer to develop data on contaminate concentrations in soil in place at a site. The unit operates with a soil cone penetrometer and can obtain data down to a maximum depth of approximately 50 meters. Use of this equipment allows rapid mapping of the distribution of leaked or spilled contaminants that contain fluorescing components. The soil fluorometer has been particularly useful in tracking the movement of hydrocarbons, such as diesel fuel or gasoline.
Replication of Genome‐Wide association studies (GWAS) loci for sleep in the British G1219 cohort

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Sleep is a critical behavior shared by most higher animals. Sleep disturbances are comorbid with numerous psychiatric disorders, most notably symptoms of depression. Twin studies have suggested that genetic influences partially underlie the variation seen for numerous sleep‐related traits across individuals. Recently, two Genome‐Wide Association Studies (GWAS) conducted for sleep traits have revealed new candidate genes for sleep‐related measures. We attempted to replicate the two most significant associations from these two studies, CACNA1C (a l‐type calcium channel) with sleep latency and quality and ABCC9 ( an ATP‐sensitive potassium channel) with sleep duration, using the G1219 British population sample. We genotyped single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for each of the two different sleep GWAS loci. Linear regression analyses were conducted to assess main effects of these SNPs on their corresponding sleep measures, as well as for depressive symptoms. We successfully replicated an association of a genetic variant in the CACNA1C gene (rs16929277) with sleep quality using an additive model of inheritance. A significant association of the ABCC9 gene (rs11046209) with sleep duration was seen only in a recessive models based upon a rare homozygous genotype (n = 2). There was also a significant association between a different ABCC9 gene variant (rs11046205) and depressive symptoms. These findings add further support for the involvement of calcium channels in the mechanisms regulating sleep function and suggest a possible role of the ABCC9 gene in depression. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measurements and model validation for composite propellants burning under cross flow of gases

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Erosive burning rates of three types of ammonium perchlorate-based composite propellant formulations were measured by using the high-speed motion picture method. Experiments were conducted in a test rig designed to develop a well-defined, turbulent boundary layer with a distinct leading edge by the flow of combustion gases over two-dimensional propellant samples. Erosive burning rate correlations which relate the burning rate to freestream velocity and pressure were developed. The comparison of experimental data and theoretical results obtained from the erosive burning model, based upon the turblilent boundary-layer approach developed by the authors, showed a close agreement.
Typhoid vaccines - which one to choose?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Until recently immunisation against typhoid fever could only be provided by parenteral vaccine of heat-killed, phenol-preserved Salmonella typhi organisms (Typhoid/Vac – Evans). Two doses of this ‘whole cell’ vaccine, 4–6 weeks apart, give up to 80% protection for around 3 years, but local and systemic reactions are common, especially if the second dose or booster doses are given subcutaneously or intramuscularly rather than intradermally. Prescribers now have two more vaccines to choose from – one parenteral, one oral. Both are marketed with claims that they are better tolerated than the old vaccine. Do they have advantages?
Validity of Three Experimental Performance Tests for Predicting Risk of Cannabis-Induced Road Crashes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The predictive validity of performance test in drugs and driving research is usually unknown, primarily due to a lack of real-life epidemiological (crash risk) data in general. The absence of such data has made attempts to correlate laboratory or driving data to real-life driving accidents extremely difficult. This chapter will focus on the validity of tests measuring skills related to driving to predict drug-induced driving impairment and provide a practical example of how to calculate predictive validity of performance tests. The practical example will focus on laboratory tasks for measuring tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) effects on skills related to driving, but can easily be generalized to other drugs and driving parameters measured in a driving simulator or actual driving test. Two recent publications on performance impairment and crash (culpability) risk as a function of THC in blood have provided a unique opportunity to calculate the validity of performance tests for predicting cannabis-induced crash risk. Curve estimation shows that data pairs of performance impairment and culpability risk within five successive THC concentration ranges can be perfectly fitted in exponential curves for performance tests measuring tracking performance, impulse control, and cognitive function. In addition, THC-induced performance impairments and THC-induced culpability risks were highly correlated. The implication is that performance tests of skills related to driving can be taken as valid measures to predict THC-induced crash risk in real life.
Incorporating genetic testing into a routine kidney clinic

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Incorporating genetic testing in routine outpatient nephrology clinic can improve on chronic kidney disease (CKD) diagnosis and utilization of precision medicine. We sent a genetic test on patients with atypical presentation of common kidney diseases, electrolytes derangements, and cystic kidney diseases. We were able to identify a gene variant contributing to patients' kidney disease in more than half of our cohort. We then showed that patients with ApoL1 risk allele have likely worse kidney disease, and we were able to confirm genetic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in 2 patients and avoid unnecessary immunosuppression. Genetic testing has also improved our operation to establish a polycystic kidney disease excellence center by confirming our diagnosis, especially in patients without a well-defined family history. In conclusion, utilizing genetic testing in a routine outpatient renal clinic did not cause any burden to either patients or nephrologists, with minimal administrative effort and no financial cost to our patients. We expect that genetic testing in the right setting should become routine in nephrology to achieve a patient-centered precision medicine with less invasive means of kidney disease diagnosis.
Embedded accessibility in repository and open journal services

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

We are the Research Support and Scholarly Communications team at the University of Kent. Our role is to provide help and guidance to staff and students engaged in research and to manage the systems that support the research. These include the Kent Academic Repository, the Kent Data Repository, and our Open Journal System. Our poster will describe how we are improving accessibility across these systems and the services that support them.
We had been aware for some time that the open access repository platforms and the content were not conforming to basic accessibility requirements, but the legislative deadline added urgency to our plans for change. The need for an accessibility statement for all our web-based systems encouraged us to look closely at, and find solutions for, the issues users of assistive technology encountered when accessing our systems and their content. In an open access environment – access needs to be open for all our users.
We will describe our process and how we worked with colleagues in IT systems development and student services to create new methodologies and embed inclusive practices. Solutions included technical fixes, procedural changes and training and advocacy. We explore the challenges, what went well and what we have learnt, how we shared news about this work, and how we are committing to future digital content accessibility developments in research and scholarly communication support at the University of Kent.
The globally attractivity of a SIV epidemic disease model with two delays and pulse vaccination

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A SIV epidemic disease model with two delays and pulse vaccination is proposed, and the dynamic behaviors of the model under pulse vaccination are analyzed. we show that there exists an `infection-free' periodic solution, further; we show that the `infection-free' periodic solution is globally attractive when the period of impulsive effect is less than some critical values.
A validated stability indicating RP-HPLC method for the determination of molnupiravir in pharmaceutical dosage form

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A simple, Precise, Accurate method was developed for the estimation of Molnupiravirby RP-HPLC technique. Chromatographic conditions used are stationary phase Agilent C18 (250 mm*4.6mm3.6m), Mobile phase Orthophopoaricacid: Acetonitrile in the ratio of 60:40 and flow rate was maintained at 1.0 mL/min, detection wave length was 254 nm, column temperature was set to 30o C and diluent was mobile phase Conditions were finalized as optimized method. System suitability parameters were studied by injecting the standard six times and results were well under the acceptance criteria. The retention time for Molnupiravir was 2.46 min. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, limit of detection, limit of quantification and robustness. Limit of detection and limit of quantification were found 0.06 μg/ml and 0.21 μg/ml respectively and recovery of Molnupiravir from tablet formulation was found 99.73%. The proposed method was successfully applied for the quantitative determination of Molnupiravir in tablet formulation.
Teaching Children With Developmental Spelling Difficulties in a One-on-One Context

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract The aim of this article is to provide clinical and practical guidance for the provision of one-on-one intervention for children with spelling difficulties. We briefly discuss the requirements of theoretically guided assessment and suggest some norm-based assessment tools in this light. The main focus of this article is on teaching children with spelling difficulties in a one-on-one context. Previous research has shown that children present with spelling difficulties of different types and that intervention is most effective when targeted at the specific difficulty. Hence, we outline different interventions for different subtypes of developmental spelling difficulties.
Logistics Planning Within the Last Planner System for Highway Construction Projects

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study presents a new Logistics Planning methodology implemented in a highway construction project from May to December 2022.The objective was to analyze the feasibility of using a Logistics Planning method with the help of a Visual Board, in conjunction with the Last Planner System.The research method utilized was the Design Science Research.A 6-step method was developed to enhance the Lookahead Planning routine.After the implementation of the methodology, a decrease in the total and equipment-related impact hours in the productivity fronts was observed, as well as an improvement in the PPC indicator and labour productivity in each service front.It was concluded that the use of Visual Management, combined with Logistics Planning, stimulates the engagement of the operation's employees around the project schedule, increasing the accuracy of the Master Plan.
Nature of the E′ deep hole trap in metal-oxide-semiconductor oxides

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We have found through a sequence of ultraviolet illuminations, electron spin resonance measurements, and capacitance versus voltage measurements, that the E′ deep hole trap in metal-oxide-semiconductor silicon dioxide is a fundamentally reversible defect. Our results are totally consistent with an oxygen vacancy model for the E′ deep hole trap, but our results are inconsistent with the bond strain gradient model for the deep hole trap in metal-oxide-semiconductor silicon dioxide.
An Examination of the Association between Sleep and Neurocognitive Performance in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Individuals with MS experience a high rate of sleep disorder symptoms and a high frequency of cognitive deficits. Both sleep disturbance and cognitive impairment can have a profound impact on perceived quality of life and functional living. While it is well established that sufficient sleep quality and quantity are necessary for optimal cognitive performance in healthy adults, the relationship between sleep and cognitive function has been largely understudied in MS. The present study is an examination of the association between sleep and cognitive function for individuals with MS through the use of objective and subjective measures of sleep and neurocognitive function. Fifty participants with relapsing-remitting MS completed two weeks of standardized sleep diary and wore actigraphy for fourteen consecutive days. Participants then completed a two-hour testing session comprised of neurocognitive measures and questionnaires. Results indicated that sleep duration and sleep efficiency did not predict performance on tests of attention, vigilance, working memory, processing speed, inhibitory working memory, processing speed, or inhibitory control. Symptoms of all sleep disorders (i.e., insomnia, sleep apnea, and RLS/PLMD) were associated poorer cognitive function in individuals with MS.
The Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) pathotype is comprised of multiple distinct, independent genotypes

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Avian Pathogenic E. coli (APEC) is the causative agent of avian colibacillosis, resulting in economic losses to the poultry industry through morbidity, mortality and carcass condemnation, and impacts the welfare of poultry. Colibacillosis remains a complex disease to manage, hampered by diagnostic and classification strategies for E. coli that are inadequate for defining APEC. However, increased accessibility of whole genome sequencing (WGS) technology has enabled phylogenetic approaches to be applied to the classification of E. coli and genomic characterization of the most common APEC serotypes associated with colibacillosis O1, O2 and O78. These approaches have demonstrated that the O78 serotype is representative of two distinct APEC lineages, ST-23 in phylogroup C and ST-117 in phylogroup G. The O1 and O2 serotypes belong to a third lineage comprised of three sub-populations in phylogroup B2; ST-95, ST-140 and ST-428/ST-429. The frequency with which these genotypes are associated with colibacillosis implicates them as the predominant APEC populations and distinct from those causing incidental or opportunistic infections. The fact that these are disparate clusters from multiple phylogroups suggests that these lineages may have become adapted to the poultry niche independently. WGS studies have highlighted the limitations of traditional APEC classification and can now provide a path towards a robust and more meaningful definition of the APEC pathotype. Future studies should focus on characterizing individual APEC populations in detail and using this information to develop improved diagnostics and interventions.
Classification of Local Seismic Events in the Utah Region: A Comparison of Amplitude Ratio Methods with a Spectrogram‐Based Machine Learning Approach

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The capability to discriminate low‐magnitude earthquakes from low‐yield anthropogenic sources, both detectable only at local distances, is of increasing interest to the event monitoring community. We used a dataset of seismic events in Utah recorded during a 14‐day period (1–14 January 2011) by the University of Utah Seismic Stations network to perform a comparative study of event classification at local scale using amplitude ratio (AR) methods and a machine learning (ML) approach. The event catalog consists of 7377 events with magnitudes MC ranging from −2 and lower up to 5.8. Events were subdivided into six populations based on location and source type: tectonic earthquakes (TEs), mining‐induced events (MIEs), and mining blasts from four known mines (WMB, SMB, LMB, and CQB). The AR approach jointly exploits Pg‐to‐Sg phase ARs and Rg‐to‐Sg spectral ARs in multivariate quadratic discriminant functions and was able to classify 370 events with high signal quality from the three groups with sufficient size (TE, MIE, and SMB). For that subset of the events, the method achieved success rates between about 80% and 90%. The ML approach used trained convolutional neural network (CNN) models to classify the populations. The CNN approach was able to classify the subset of events with accuracies between about 91% and 98%. Because the neural network approach does not have a minimum signal quality requirement, we applied it to the entire event catalog, including the abundant extremely low-magnitude events, and achieved accuracies of about 94%–100%. We compare the AR and ML methodologies using a broad set of criteria and conclude that a major advantage to ML methods is their robustness to low signal‐to‐noise ratio data, allowing them to classify significantly smaller events.
Psychological therapies for people with borderline personality disorder

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our assessments showed beneficial effects on all primary outcomes in favour of BPD-tailored psychotherapy compared with TAU. However, only the outcome of BPD severity reached the MIREDIF-defined cut-off for a clinically meaningful improvement. Subgroup analyses found no evidence of a difference in effect estimates between the different types of therapies (compared to TAU) . The pooled analysis of psychotherapy versus waiting list or no treatment found significant improvement on BPD severity, psychosocial functioning and depression at end of treatment, but these findings were based on low-quality evidence, and the true magnitude of these effects is uncertain. No clear evidence of difference was found for self-harm and suicide-related outcomes. However, compared to TAU, we observed effects in favour of DBT for BPD severity, self-harm and psychosocial functioning and, for MBT, on self-harm and suicidality at end of treatment, but these were all based on low-quality evidence. Therefore, we are unsure whether these effects would alter with the addition of more data.
Effect of Planting Date on Seed Yield, Oil Content, and Water Requirement of Safflower1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Synopsis Yields of irrigated safflower decreased between 150 and 300 pounds per acre for each 4‐ to 6‐week delay in planting from January 16 to April 23. Seed weight, hull content, linoleic acid content, and iodine values of the oil decreased in the later plantings, while oil content of seed increased. Total irrigation requirements for January, February, and March plantings were similar. Average consumptive moisture use was 34.4 inches, and the peak average daily moisture use was 0.39 inch.
Mitigating Unfairness via Evolutionary Multi-objective Ensemble Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the literature of mitigating unfairness in machine learning, many fairness measures are designed to evaluate predictions of learning models and also utilised to guide the training of fair models. It has been theoretically and empirically shown that there exist conflicts and inconsistencies among accuracy and multiple fairness measures. Optimising one or several fairness measures may sacrifice or deteriorate other measures. Two key questions should be considered, how to simultaneously optimise accuracy and multiple fairness measures, and how to optimise all the considered fairness measures more effectively. In this paper, we view the mitigating unfairness problem as a multi-objective learning problem considering the conflicts among fairness measures. A multi-objective evolutionary learning framework is used to simultaneously optimise several metrics (including accuracy and multiple fairness measures) of machine learning models. Then, ensembles are constructed based on the learning models in order to automatically balance different metrics. Empirical results on eight well-known datasets demonstrate that compared with the state-of-the-art approaches for mitigating unfairness, our proposed algorithm can provide decision-makers with better tradeoffs among accuracy and multiple fairness metrics. Furthermore, the high-quality models generated by the framework can be used to construct an ensemble to automatically achieve a better tradeoff among all the considered fairness metrics than other ensemble methods. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/qingquan63/FairEMOL