jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Interference as a tool to achieve conceptual understanding of chemistry

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Previous research on Multiple External Representations (MER) has found that sequencing representations can increase deep conceptual understanding if interference between internal and external representations takes place. We tested sequencing by presenting scientific and abstract representations to 133 learners with low prior knowledge of the represented domain. Results give insight into three separate mechanisms on learning with MER. (1) A memory (number of ideas reproduced) and an (2) accuracy (correctness of these ideas) effect occur when two representations are presented in a sequence and an accuracy and a (3) redundancy (number of redundant ideas remembered) effect occurs when three representations are presented in a sequence.
Pectin-Starch Biocomposite Reinforced with Rattan-Derived Cellulose Nanocrystals: A Study of Mechanical and Water Absorption Properties

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Bioplastics derived from natural resources such as pectin and starch often need more application due to their hygroscopic and poor mechanical properties. Employing CNC as a filler overcomes these limitations. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of CNC and plasticizer contents on biocomposite based on pectin-starch. This study incorporated CNC (1, 2, 3, and 4 wt%) and glycerol (10, 20, 30, and 40 wt%) into the biocomposite formulation using the casting solution method. Characterization of the CNC was carried out using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). TEM and SEM analyses revealed that CNC exhibited a rod-like shape with sizes ranging from 10 to 70 nm. Based on FTIR, the CNC spectrums showed that lignin, hemicellulose, and other impurities have been removed from rattan biomass. Properties of biocomposite were analyzed using tensile, water absorption, and SEM. The suitable result of biocomposite was obtained at 2 wt% of CNC and 30 wt% of glycerol with a tensile strength of 11.18 MPa. Hence, the combination of CNC from rattan biomass and glycerol enhances the mechanical properties of the biocomposite, making it the most suitable for applications requiring improved tensile strength. At the same time, the surface morphology demonstrates improved dispersion and surface quality.
The effect of thyroid autoantibody on assisted reproduction technology outcome in euthyroid women: One center experience.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Thyroid dysfunction is an important factor to cause failure in assisted reproduction technology (ART) procedures. In this study, we recorded the serum level of thyroid autoantibody to fig. out its relationship with the ART outcome. The results showed that the serum concentrations of TSH had a statistically significant increase between the basal level and the levels at time of serum pregnancy test both in women with and without thyroid autoantibody (p= 0.002 and p=0.019, respectively). Additionally, the TSH level increased significantly in thyroid autoantibody-positive group than those in thyroid autoantibody-negative group during controlled ovarian hyper stimulation (COH) process(p = 0.006). The risk of preterm delivery was lower in thyroid autoantibody-negative group. In sum, the present study provided evidence of an association between thyroid autoantibody and preterm delivery in euthyroid women.
The Living Qur'an: Pembacaan Surah An-Nashr Sebelum Belajar (Studi Kasus di SDIT Mujahidul Amin)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

There are numerous phenomena practiced by Muslims to enliven and incorporate the Qur’an into their daily lives. The recitation of Surah An-Nasr is not only conducted at SDIT Mujahidul Amin but is also practiced and adopted by several Islamic boarding schools in Palangka Raya. This research was carried out using qualitative methods because the data produced are in the form of words and actions. In collecting data, the instruments used were interviews and observations conducted at SDIT Mujahidul Amin Palangka Raya. Subsequently, the gathered data were analyzed to arrive at clearly described conclusions. The findings of this study indicate that the practice of reading Surah An-Nasr before the start of lessons by the students of SDIT Mujahidul Amin Palangka Raya represents a living Qur’an among the student community. This recitation of Surah An-Nasr is performed every morning after the Dhuha prayer, followed by reading Surah An-Nasr three times and then continuing with a study prayer, a practice that is carried out from grades 1 to 6. Keywords: Living Qur’an; Surah An-Nashr; Learning.
Are Mispricings Long-Lasting or Short-Lived? Evidence from S &amp; P 500 Index ETF Options

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

A rapidly growing literature has documented evidences suggesting the mispricing of options. Building on recent results of option pricing bounds imposed by stochastic dominance, this paper examines the time-series proprieties of such mispricing. In an application to high-frequency bid/ask quotes of S & P 500 index ETF options, this paper provides evidences that most violations of the stochastic dominance bounds last no more than 10 trading hours. The typical duration of mispricing is even shorter for near to maturity options. The results imply that the observed widespread mispricing in options might be the result of temporary inefficiency (e.g. transaction costs, overreaction, liquidity etc.) rather than a model misspecification, such as estimation biases of the parameters, or an overlooked persistent risk factor.
SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGES IN RIVER BUFFALO FEMALES WITH CHROMOSOMAL FRAGILITY

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) technique is considered a very important test tocheck potential damage to the DNA, expressed by chromosomal fragility andassociated with high rates of SCEs. In the present study we report the preliminaryresults of our investigation on chromosomal fragility identified in buffalochromosomes and the relationship with the increased SCE levels. The karyotypeanalyses carried out on a group of 16 river buffalo females selected and treated forhormonal stimulation and on a control group of 16 normal river buffalo femalesrevealed that three of the treated females were found to carry a higher number ofbreakages/cell comparative with the control group. The mean number of SCE/cell inthe three treated females was higher (X=11.8) than that of those observed in thecontrol group (X=7.8).
Large‐scale phenotyping links adult hippocampal neurogenesis to the reaction to novelty

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The discovery of adult‐born neurons in the hippocampus has triggered a wide range of studies that link the new neurons to various behavioral functions. However, the role of new neurons in behavior is still equivocal. Conflicting results may be due to the difficulty in manipulating neurogenesis without off‐target effects as well as the statistical approach used, which fail to account for neurogenesis‐independent effects of experimental manipulations on behavior. In this study, we apply a more comprehensive statistical and conceptual approach. Instead of between‐group analyses, we consider the within‐group relationships between neurogenesis and behavior (ANCOVA and mediation analysis) in a large‐scale experiment, in which distinct age‐ (3 and 5 months) and strain‐ (DBA and C57) related differences in basal levels of neurogenesis in mice are compared with a large number (∼1,500) of behavioral read outs. The analysis failed to detect any association between anxiety and motor impulsivity with neurogenesis. However, within‐group adult hippocampal neurogenesis is associated with the reaction to novelty. Specifically, more neurogenesis is associated with a longer latency to explore and a lower frequency of exploratory actions, overall indicative of a phenotype where animals with more neurogenesis were slower to explore a novel environment. This effect is observed in 5‐months‐old, but not in 3‐months‐old mice of both strains. An association between the reaction to novelty and adult neurogenesis can have a major impact on results from previous studies using classical behavioral experiments, in which animals are tested in a—for the animal—novel experimental set‐up. The neurogenesis–novelty association found here is also a necessary link in the relation that has been suggested to exist between neurogenesis and psychiatric disorders marked by a failure to cope with novelty. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Contingency ranking for voltage stability analysis of large-scale power systems

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we propose a screening method and suitable software program to analyze contingencies and their impact on static voltage stability in large power systems. The program substantially reduces the number of load flow simulation for contingency analysis and voltage stability studies and is based on the impact of the contingency on the load, and the available Mega Watt Margin (MWM). The program provides initially a ranking scheme for first and second level contingencies by comparing their loadability with the maximum loadability of the system. It then makes a short list of important contingencies for detailed analysis. Contingencies that result in a larger reduction of maximum loadability are placed in unacceptable contingency category, whereas, the contingencies pertaining to smaller reduction are put in acceptable contingency category. The contingencies falling in between acceptable and unacceptable categories are termed as significant contingencies and are placed in third category. The proposed method is tested first by the IEEE 118-bus test system, and then is applied to study a large-scale real power system with 25,000 buses. The program considers the Var limit of the synchronous generators and a switching scheme for the capacitor banks.
The effects of amino acids on gut hormone release and appetite

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Obesity is a major health concern and a public health burden. Current pharmacological treatments have limited efficacy and are associated with significant side effects. Diets and life style changes remain the most effective strategy for treatment of obesity, but are often difficult to adhere to. High protein diets are among the most satiating diets, associated with the greatest satiety and weight loss, and with better weight management. The exact mechanisms by which high protein diets exert their effects are unclear. However, evidence suggests that amino acids produced as a result of protein digestion may play a role in appetite regulation and satiety. Preliminary studies within our group demonstrated that specific amino acids can reduce food intake in rodents. The work carried out in this thesis examined the effect of the amino acids L-arginine and L-phenylalanine on appetite and explored the potential mechanisms by which these effects are mediated. In addition, the thesis investigated the effect of microencapsulation of these amino acids on their ability to suppress appetite. Oral gavage of L-arginine significantly reduced food intake in mice and rats. This effect was not associated with any abnormal behavioural side effects. L-arginine significantly stimulated GLP-1 and PYY release from a murine primary intestinal culture, and oral L-arginine also significantly elevated plasma GLP-1 and PYY in rats. However, the anorectic effect of L-arginine appears unlikely to be mediated by changes in these gut hormones. L-arginine significantly reduced food intake in GPRC6A knockout and wild-type mice, suggesting its anorectic effect is not mediated by GPRC6A. Oral gavage of L-phenylalanine significantly reduced food intake in mice and rats. Oral administration of L-phenylalanine also elevated circulating GLP-1 and PYY levels and suppressed plasma ghrelin levels in rats. Direct ileal administration of L-phenylalanine reduced food intake in rats, and this effect was blocked by a calcium sensing receptor antagonist. Chronic administration of L-phenylalanine also reduced food intake and body weight in diet-induced obese mice. Encapsulated L-arginine and L-phenylalanine reduced food intake in rats. Specific encapsulation processes appeared to delay the anorectic effect of these amino acids. However, there was no significant difference in the magnitude of response compared to the un-encapsulated forms. Encapsulation may be a viable approach to facilitate targeted delivery of the amino acids in the gastrointestinal tract, but further matrix optimization is required to improve the controlled release of the amino acids in the gut. These studies demonstrate the anorectic properties of L-arginine and L-phenylalanine, and contribute to the current understanding of amino acid sensing in the gut. Further studies are now required to determine the therapeutic potential of specific amino acids as novel treatments for obesity.
A Functional Study of AUXILIN-LIKE1 and 2, Two Putative Clathrin Uncoating Factors in Arabidopsis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is a cellular trafficking process in which cargoes and lipids are internalized from the plasma membrane into vesicles coated with clathrin and adaptor proteins. CME is essential for many developmental and physiological processes in plants, but its underlying mechanism is not well characterized compared with that in yeast and animal systems. Here, we searched for new factors involved in CME in Arabidopsis thaliana by performing tandem affinity purification of proteins that interact with clathrin light chain, a principal component of the clathrin coat. Among the confirmed interactors, we found two putative homologs of the clathrin-coat uncoating factor auxilin previously described in non-plant systems. Overexpression of AUXILIN-LIKE1 and AUXILIN-LIKE2 in Arabidopsis caused an arrest of seedling growth and development. This was concomitant with inhibited endocytosis due to blocking of clathrin recruitment after the initial step of adaptor protein binding to the plasma membrane. By contrast, auxilin-like1/2 loss-of-function lines did not present endocytosis-related developmental or cellular phenotypes under normal growth conditions. This work contributes to the ongoing characterization of the endocytotic machinery in plants and provides a robust tool for conditionally and specifically interfering with CME in Arabidopsis.
A five-year evaluation of the Human Givens therapy using a practice research network

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose To replicate the Luton pilot study (Andrews et al., 2011), both by investigating treatment changes using the Human Givens (HG) approach via a practice research network (PRN) and by assessing the viability of replacing the 34-item Clinical Outcome in Routine Evaluation Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) with the ten-item version (CORE-10).
The latent nuclear antigen of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus targets the retinoblastoma-E2F pathway and with the oncogene Hras transforms primary rat cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is involved in the etiopathogenesis of Kaposi sarcoma and certain lymphoproliferative disorders. Open reading frame (ORF) 73 encodes the main immunogenic latent nuclear antigen (LNA-1) of KSHV. LNA-1 maintains the KSHV episome and tethers the viral genome to chromatin during mitosis. In addition, LNA-1 interacts with p53 and represses its transcriptional activity. Here we show that LNA-1 also interacts with the retinoblastoma protein. LNA-1 transactivated an artificial promoter carrying the cell cycle transcription factor E2F DNA-binding sequences and also upregulated the cyclin E (CCNE1) promoter, but not the B-myb (MYBL2) promoter. LNA-1 overcame the flat-cell phenotype induced by retinoblastoma protein in Saos2 cells. In cooperation with the cellular oncogene Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (Hras), LNA-I transformed primary rat embryo fibroblasts and rendered them tumorigenic. These findings indicate that LNA-I acts as a transcription co-factor and may contribute to KSHV-induced oncogenesis by targeting the retinoblastoma protein-E2F transcriptional regulatory pathway.
A Novel Topology forMultiple Output DC-DC Converters forOne CycleControl

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Multiple output DC-DCconverters areneededby manyutilities/ industry applications. TheControl ofmultiple output converters ischallenging astheoutputs derive theinput powerformsamesource andthereby haveastrong coupling. A novelMultiple Outputconverters topology hasbeenproposed to havedecoupling ofoutputs fromindividual control. A closed loop control hasbeensuggested fortheproposed converter suchthatit hasonecycle control ofalltheoutputs individually aswellas collectively. The proposed converter hasbeenverified by simulation andexperimentation. IndexTerms-- DC-DCConverter.
Nutrient Source Location and Biofilm Viscoelasticity Control Biofilm Growth Rate, Migration Rate, and Morphology in Shear Flow

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We present a numerical model to simulate the growth and deformation of a viscoelastic biofilm in shear flow under different nutrient conditions. The mechanical interaction between the biofilm and the fluid is computed using the Immersed Boundary Method with viscoelastic parameters determined a priori from measurements reported in the literature. Biofilm growth occurs at the biofilm-fluid interface by a stochastic rule that depends on the local nutrient concentration. We compare the growth, migration, and morphology of viscoelastic biofilms with a common relaxation time of 18 minutes over the range of elastic moduli 10-1000 Pa in different nearby nutrient source configurations. Simulations with shear flow and an upstream or a downstream nutrient source indicate that soft biofilms grow more if nutrients are downstream and stiff biofilms grow more if nutrients are upstream. Also, soft biofilms migrate faster than stiff biofilms toward a downstream nutrient source, and although stiff biofilms migrate toward an upstream nutrient source, soft biofilms do not. Simulations without nutrients show that on the time scale of several hours, soft biofilms develop irregular structures at the biofilm-fluid interface, but stiff biofilms deform little. Our results agree with the biophysical principle that biofilms can adapt to their mechanical and chemical environment by modulating their viscoelastic properties. We also compare the behavior of a purely elastic biofilm to a viscoelastic biofilm with the same elastic modulus of 50 Pa. We find the elastic biofilm underestimates growth rates and downstream migration rates if the nutrient source is downstream, and it overestimates growth rates and upstream migration rates if the nutrient source is upstream. Future modeling can use our comparison to identify errors that can occur by simulating biofilms as purely elastic structures.
Code and Character

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This chapter examines artificial intelligence ethics from theoretical frameworks to practical applications. The author explores whether machines can think ethically while analyzing the interplay between technological capabilities and human values. Through assessment of algorithmic bias, accountability issues, and privacy concerns, the chapter illuminates AI's darker implications while offering perspectives on implementations across healthcare, business, and education. The discussion addresses legal frameworks, corporate responsibility, and human-machine collaboration models. By integrating theory with concrete examples, the chapter establishes an ethical framework balancing innovation with precaution, emphasizing multidisciplinary approaches in aligning AI development with human welfare. This analysis contributes to discourse on how ethical principles can foster more equitable technological futures while navigating the complex ethical challenges inherent in AI advancement.
A comparison between the metacognitive beliefs of gifted and normal children

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The purpose of the present study was to explore metacognitive beliefs in gifted and normal children. In this study 30 school boys were selected through a random sampling procedure. The hypothesis of the study was that there are significant differences between the metacognitive beliefs of gifted and normal school children. To test this hypothesis, the 30-item metacognitive beliefs questionnaire was used. Data was analyzed using the independent samples t test and the hypothesis was retained. That is, significant differences were obtained between the metacognitive beliefs of gifted and normal children. Furthermore, findings pertaining to the subscales of metacognition revealed that the exceptional children and normal children differed on factors of cognitive self-consciousness, and beliefs about the need to control thoughts, but no differences were observed on factors of cognitive competence, positive beliefs about worry and beliefs about uncontrollability and danger.
List of abbreviations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In today’s world, we are offered a constantly expanding number of technologies to integrate into our lives. We now utilise a range of interconnected technologies at work, at home and at leisure. The realm of sport is no exception, where new technologies or enhancements are available to athletes, coaches, scientists, umpires, governing bodies and broadcasters. However, this book argues that in a world where time has become a precious commodity and numerous options are always on offer, functionality is no longer enough to drive their usage within elite sports training, competition and broadcasting. Consistent with an actor-network theory approach as developed by Bruno Latour, John Law, Michele Callon and Annemarie Mol, the book shows how those involved in sport must grapple with a unique set of understandings and connections in order to determine the best combination of technologies and other factors to serve their particular purpose. This book uses a case study approach to demonstrate how there are multiple explanations and factors at play in the use of technology that cannot be reduced to singular explanations like performance enhancement or commercialisation. Specific cases examined include doping, swimsuits, GPS units, Hawk-Eye and kayaks, along with broader areas such as the use of sports scientists in training and the integration of new enhancements in broadcasting. In all cases, the book demonstrates how multiple actors can affect the use or non-use of technology.
A Novel Indoor Navigation Approach Employing Motion Statistics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we devised a novel indoor navigation system based on a probabilistic approach that employs data from the wireless adapter, accelerometer, and compass of the mobile device in order to determine user position. A routing algorithm employed by the device calculates the optimal path between user position and its destination. Experimental results verified that two meter accuracy was achieved by the proposed design. This technique shows promise for future handheld indoor navigation systems that can be used in malls, museums, hospitals, and college campuses.