jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
New Insights Into the Mechanism of Action of Endothelin-1 on Cerebral Microcirculation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

EVALUATION OF: Faraco G, Moraga A, Moore J, Anrather J, Pickel VM, Iadecola C. Circulating endothelin-1 alters critical mechanisms regulating cerebral microcirculation. Hypertension 62(4), 759–766 (2013). This article reviews a study by Faraco and colleagues that attempts to elucidate the mechanism of modulation of the cerebral blood flow by endothelin (ET) 1. ET1 is one of the most powerful vasoconstrictors and plays an important role in cerebrovascular disease and traumatic brain injury. However, the details of the mechanism of action of ET1 are still unknown. The study used a mouse model with a skull window through which the cortical cerebral blood flow was measured with a laser Doppler probe while various agents were applied. The role of reactive oxygen species and integrity of the blood–brain barrier were also assessed. In addition, the location of the ET receptor was determined by incubation of cortex samples with specific antibodies. ET1 increased mean arterial pressure and attenuated the cerebral blood flow increase stimulated by neuronal activity or the endothelium-dependent acethylcholine but not by A23187. ET1 suppresses the endothelial production of nitric oxide by modulating the endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation through Rho-associated protein kinase. This effect was mediated by an ETA receptor coupled to phospholipase C via GTP-binding protein and was not related to oxidative stress. The ETA receptor was found in the smooth muscle cells of the pial arterioles and cerebral endothelial cells. The resultant vascular dysfunction may increase the risk of brain ischemia by attenuating the cerebrovascular reserve. Improved understanding of the mechanism of action of ET1 on cerebral microcirculation is likely to stimulate the development of new and promising pharmacological targets.
Progress on Modulating Tumor‐Associated Macrophages with Biomaterials

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) are a complex and heterogeneous population of cells within the tumor microenvironment. In many tumor types, TAMs contribute toward tumor malignancy and are therefore a therapeutic target of interest. Here, three major strategies for regulating TAMs are highlighted, emphasizing the role of biomaterials in these approaches. First, systemic methods for targeting tumor‐associated macrophage are summarized and limitations to both passive and active targeting approaches considered. Second, lessons learned from the significant literature on wound healing and macrophage response to implanted biomaterials are discussed with the vision of applying these principles to localized, biomaterial‐based modulation of tumor‐associated macrophage. Finally, the developing field of engineered macrophages, including genetic engineering and integration with biomaterials or drug delivery systems, is examined. Analysis of major challenges in the field along with exciting opportunities for the future of macrophage‐based therapies in oncology are included.
Homozygous LOXHD1 Nonsense Mutation (c.1787G>A; p.W596X) is Associated with Hearing Loss in an Iranian Family: A Case Report

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Hereditary hearing loss is the most common sensory neural disorder, which has been revealed to have high genetic heterogeneity. Herein, we aimed to figure out the underlying genetics of the subject from an Iranian deaf family. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of all known hearing loss genes was carried out in the proband of the family, followed by a cosegregation analysis of all members of the family. We recognized a novel homozygous pathogenic nonsense mutation, NM_001145472: c.1787G>A; p.W596X, in the LOXHD1 gene, and Sanger sequencing verified that this mutation segregated with the ARNSHL in the family. Our study showed a contribution of LOXHD1 variants to the NSHL in Iranian patients and provided a better understanding of the mutation spectrum of deafness in the Iranian population. Also, the present investigation supports the application of genetic testing in the clinical diagnosis and genetic counseling of deafness.
Highly Oxidation‐Resistant Electrolyte for 4.7 V Sodium Metal Batteries Enabled by Anion/Cation Solvation Engineering

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Sodium metal batteries (SMBs) are considered as promising battery system due to abundant Na sources. However, poor compatibility between electrolyte and cathode severely impedes its development. Herein, we proposed an anion/cation solvation strategy for realizing 4.7 V resistant SMBs electrolyte with NaClO 4 and trimethoxy(pentafluorophenyl)silane (TPFS) as dual additives (DA). The ClO 4 − can rapidly transfer to the cathode surface and strongly coordinate with Na + to form stable polymer‐like chains with solvents. Meanwhile, TPFS can preferentially enter into the PF 6 − anion solvation sheath for reducing PF 6 ‐solvent interaction and effectively scavenge adverse electrolyte species for protecting electrode electrolyte interphases. Thus, such electrolyte elevates the oxidative stability of carbonate electrolytes from 3.77 to 4.75 V, and enables Na||Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 2 O 2 F (NVPF) battery with a capacity retention of 93 % and an average Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.6 % after 500 cycles at 4.7 V.
Characterizing Proteins with Finer Functions: A Case Study for Translational Functions of Yeast Proteins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Based on high-throughput data, numerous algorithms have been designed for finding functions of novel proteins. However, the effectiveness of such algorithms is currently limited by some fundamental factors including the low a-priori probability of novel proteins participating in a detailed function and the lack of detailed functional knowledge for training algorithms. For such partially characterized proteins, we suggest an approach to find their finer functions based on protein-protein interaction sub-networks, which can efficiently find proteins' novel functions. As an application, we find that finer functions can be predicted for 18 and 15 proteins currently annotated in "protein biosynthesis" and "translation" with more than 90% precision, respectively. The predicted finer functions are highly valuable both for guiding the follow-up wet-lab validation and for providing the necessary data for training algorithms to learn other proteins.
Neurophysiological mechanisms of focused attention meditation: A scoping systematic review

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Focused attention meditation (FA) is a foundational and widely studied practice that cultivates sustained concentration by focusing on a specific object, such as the breath, while disengaging from distractions. Numerous studies have investigated the neurophysiological mechanisms of FA, examining aspects such as spectral power, connectivity patterns, and neural entropy. However, despite this extensive research, clarity regarding the methodological approaches and key findings in this field remains limited. This scoping systematic review aimed to collate and interpret key information from electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) studies on FA, with a focus on study population composition, experimental design, and neurophysiological outcomes. Our findings revealed substantial heterogeneity in participant characteristics, potentially contributing to variability in neurophysiological results, while the choice of FA tasks and control conditions was relatively consistent. In terms of neurophysiological outcomes, consistent trends indicate that FA is associated with increased power in the alpha, beta, and gamma bandwidths, as well as heightened complexity and reduced criticality measures. Based on the findings of this review, we propose several methodological recommendations to improve the quality of future research. Additionally, we identified significant evidence gaps when considering the whole body of research, including the limited use of MEG and a lack of longitudinal studies, pointing to areas for future investigation. Overall, this review provides a firm grounding for the study of the neurophysiology of FA, as well as the study of advanced meditation and neuroscience-informed meditative development.
Development of muscle strength in relation to training level and testosterone in young male soccer players

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Isometric and functional strength of ninety-eight 11-yr-old male soccer players at an elite (E) and nonelite (NE) level were determined (3–4 times) through a 2-yr period, and the changes were related to growth and maturation. The initial isometric strength for extension with dominant leg [1,502 ± 35 (E) vs. 1,309 ± 39 (NE) N], extension with nondominant leg (1,438 ± 37 vs. 1,267 ± 45 N), extension with both legs (2,113 ± 76 vs. 1,915 ± 72 N), back muscles (487 ± 11 vs. 414 ± 10 N), abdominal muscles (320 ± 9 vs. 294 ± 8 N), and handgrip (304 ± 10 vs. 259 ± 8 N) increased by 15–40% during the period. Broad jump increased ( P < 0.05) by 15 (E) and 10% (NE). The E players had higher ( P< 0.05) initial isometric strength and broad jump performance compared with NE players, and differences were maintained throughout the period (multiple ANOVA for repeated measures) also when adjustment was made for age, dimensions, testosterone, and insulin-like growth factor I (generalized estimating equations analyses). The development of strength for both E and NE players together was significantly ( P < 0.001) related to changes in serum testosterone concentrations. The present data indicate that testosterone is important for development of strength in young boys and that, independent of serum testosterone concentration, E players have developed greater muscle strength compared with NE players.
Screening of antibacterial effects of anise essential oil alone and in combination with conventional antibiotics against Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Herbal products containing anise essential oil may be used as expectorants in combination with amoxicillin or ciprofloxacin in Streptococcus pneumoniae infections without diminishing antibiotic efficacy.
The Closest M-Dwarf Quadruple System to the Sun

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report new infrared radial velocity measurements obtained with CSHELL at NASA's Infrared Telescope Facility that reveal the M3.5 dwarf GJ 867B to be a single-lined spectroscopic binary with a period of 1.795 $\pm$ 0.017 days. Its velocity semi-amplitude of 21.4 $\pm$ 0.5 km s$^{-1}$ corresponds to a minimum mass of 61 $\pm$ 7 M$_{JUP}$; the new companion, which we call GJ 867D, could be a brown dwarf. Stable astrometric measurements of GJ 867BD obtained with CTIO's 0.9-m telescope over the last decade exclude the presence of any massive planetary companions (7-18 M$_{JUP}$) with longer orbital periods (2-10 years) for the majority of orientations. These complementary observations are also used to determine the trigonometric distance and proper motion of GJ 867BD; the measurements are consistent with the HIPPARCOS measured values of the M2 dwarf GJ 867AC, which is itself a 4.1 day double-lined spectroscopic binary at a projected separation of 24.5" (216 AU) from GJ 867BD. These new measurements strengthen the case that GJ 867AC and GJ 867BD are physically associated, making the GJ 867 system one of only four quadruple systems within 10 pc of the Sun (d$=$ 8.82 $\pm$0.08 pc) and the only among these with all M-dwarf (or cooler) components.
Heterogeneous Effects of Forced Migration on the Female Labor Market: The Venezuelan Exodus in Colombia

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we analyze the impact of Venezuelan migration on the female labor market in Colombia. Following the economic crisis in Venezuela, more than 1.5 million Venezuelans arrived in Colombia in the period 2016–2019. Using an instrumental variables approach, we find that the sudden influx of millions of migrants reduced the labor force participation of less-skilled native women due to a disproportionate increase of competition in economic activities in which they were more concentrated. On the other hand, migration positively affected the labor force participation for high-skilled women with children. When testing the underlying mechanisms of this latter result, we find a reduction in the time spent on childcare and an increase in the probability of hiring domestic service, explained by a decrease in the cost of this service due to the Venezuelan exodus.
Experience Gained from Construction of Low-Emission Combustion Chambers for On-Land Large-Capacity Gas-Turbine Units: GT24/26

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This article is the third in a planned series of articles devoted to the experience gained around the world in constructing low-emission combustion chambers for on-land large-capacity (above 250 MW) gas-turbine units (GTUs). The aim of this study is to generalize and analyze the ways in which different designers apply the fuel flow and combustion arrangement principles and the fuel feed control methods. The considered here GT24 and GT26 (GT24/26) gas-turbine units generating electric power at the 60 and 50 Hz frequencies, respectively, are fitted with burners of identical designs. Designed by ABB, these GTUs were previously manufactured by Alstom, and now they are produced by Ansaldo Energia. The efficiency of these GTUs reaches 41% at the 354 MW power output during operation in the simple cycle and 60.5% at the 505MW power output during operation in the combined cycle. Both GTUs comply with all requirements for harmful emissions. The compression ratio is equal to 35. In this article, a system is considered for two-stage fuel combustion in two sequentially arranged low-emission combustion chambers, one of which is placed upstream of the high-pressure turbine (CC1) and the other upstream of the low-pressure turbine (CC2). The article places the main focus on the CC2, which operates with a decreased content of oxygen in the oxidizer supplied to the burner inlets. The original designs of vortex generators and nozzles placed in the flow of hot combustion products going out from the high-pressure turbine are described in detail. The article also presents an original CC2 front plate cooling system, due to which a significantly smaller amount of air fed for cooling has been reached. The article also presents the pressure damping devices incorporated in the chamber, the use of which made it possible to obtain a significantly wider range of CC loads at which its low-emission operation is ensured. The fuel feed adjustment principles and the combustion control methods implemented in the low-emission combustion chambers of this GTU are of interest from the scientific and practical points of view.
DESIGN OF DORMITORY STRUCTURE WITH STEEL SPECIAL MOMENT FRAMES

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Colomadu District is one of the districts located in Karanganyar Regency, Central Java Province. It is projected that the economy in this area will grow through business sectors such as goods and services, tourism, and industry, thus the construction of a Dormitory Building is planned in the area. Considering its proximity to Yogyakarta Province, which frequently experiences earthquakes, earthquake-resistant buildings are necessary to reduce the risk of casualties and material losses. Therefore, the design of this building utilizes a Special Moment Resisting Frame (SRPMK) system. The building with SRPMK is designed with the concept of SCWC (Strong Column and Weak Beam), where the column elements are stronger than the beam elements. This design aims to create a structural system that can withstand seismic forces, in accordance with SNI 2847:2019 requirements. Seismic force loading is analyzed using the response spectrum method, and the structural calculations are performed using ETABS V9.7.4 software. From the planning results, the dimensions obtained include a Bondek floor slab thickness of 130 mm, beam dimensions B1A 150x400 mm, B2A 200x400 mm, B2B 200x400 mm, B2C 200x400 mm, B2D 200x400 mm, B2E 200x400 mm, B3A 200x500 mm, B3B 200x500 mm, B4A 300x150 mm, B5A 300x150 mm, BS 150x300 mm, and column dimensions KP 150x150 mm, K1A 200x300 mm, K2A 400x550 mm, K3A 450x650 mm, and K4 350x500 mm.
Tilrettelagt tannhelsetilbud: Erfaringer med tverrfagligbehandling av pasient med sammensatt odontologisk og psykologisk problematikk

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

English summary TInterdiciplinary dental care: A case study investigating dental and psycological aspects 98-103 The purpose of this case presentation is to make the TOO service known among dentists, as well as pointing out challenges and pitfalls associated with longer courses of treatment involving various groups of professionals and general anaesthesia in hospitals. The presentation places particular emphasis on the part of TOO that practices exposure therapy. This is exemplified by a case concerning a 43-year-old man diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome and odontophobia. While working on this case presentation, we discovered: - In order to give a qualitative good dental treatment for vulnerable patients, extra time and resources are needed as well as an interest in working interdisciplinary. - A lack of litterature concerning post operative follow up after dental treatment performed with general anaesthesia among patients with known psychological difficulties.
concentrates

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVConcentratesNEXTconcentratesgovernmentCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1996, 74, 51, 25Publication Date (Print):December 16, 1996Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 16 December 1996https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v074n051.p025Copyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views3Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (526 KB) SUBJECTS:Crops,Food,Food quality,Safety Get e-Alerts
A rare case of cerebral proliferative angiopathy with acute cerebral infarction and facial capillary malformation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We are describing a case of a 14-year-old girl who developed acute cerebral infarction which was documented on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI). On detailed evaluation, diagnosis of cerebral proliferative angiopathy (CPA) was made. Incidentally, she had capillary malformation on the forehead contralateral to cerebral vascular malformation. To our knowledge, this is the first case of CPA in the literature where DWI abnormality was due to acute cerebral infarction.
Reforming the Security Sectors in South Eastern Europe: Lessons Learned and their Relevance for a Wider Black Sea Area Policy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

After the end of the Cold War, the former Warsaw Pact countries committed themselves to building democratic institutions of civilian control over their militaries as part of the democratization process. In the early 1990s, that issue loomed high on the reform agenda because of the fear that the oversized armies, perceived as pillars of the former Socialist state, would seize power and set up dictatorships. Later on, once the basic framework of democratic control of the armed forces was put in place, new issues were incorporated under the rubric of security sector reform (SSR), a broader concept that not only included all the national security agencies but also focused on good governance and efficiency of democratic mechanisms. On the other hand, Russia withdrew its involvement in Central and South Eastern Europe, allowed the countries in the region to realign and integrate into Western security structures, and allowed more Western assistance to flow into the region. That was not the case of the former Soviet republics, considered by Russia as its “near abroad” area of responsibility. But the year 2004 brought the double enlargement of NATO and the EU, and countries such as Belarus, Moldova, Russia, and Ukraine became the new eastern neighbors of both NATO and the EU. Meantime, the northern-oriented perspective of enlargement and partnership has been changed by the events of September 11. That one day put the issue of tackling the more complex problems of South Eastern Europe and the Black Sea region higher on the international policy agenda. Also, the Russian leadership is increasingly reluctant to countenance any further involvement of the West on the Northern European dimension, considering that the threats are rather coming from the South. Once the enlargement was confirmed and eight former socialist countries became EU members—seven of them also being NATO members—both NATO and the EU must develop a policy towards their new eastern neighbors and decide how to anchor them, either by enlargement or by a partnership. What are the challenges, opportunities, and threats in that area? Should they be handled at the bilateral or regional level?
Involvement of the Akt/NF-kB Pathways in the HTNV- Mediated Increase of IL-6, CCL5, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 in

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: Hantaan virus (HTNV) infection causes a severe form of HFRS(hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome)in Asia. Although HTNV has been isolated for nearly forty years, the pathogenesis of HFRS is still unknown, and little is known regarding the signaling pathway that is activated by the virus. Methodology/Principal Findings: Cardamonin was selected as a NF-kB inhibitor, and indirect immunofluorescence assays were used to detect the effect of cardamonin on HTNV-infected HUVECs. The effect of cardamonin on the HTNV-induced phosphorylation of Akt and DNA-binding activity of NF-kB were determined using Western blot analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs), respectively. Then, flow cytometric and quantitative real-time PCR analyses were performed to quantify the expression levels of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, and the concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, and CCL5 in HUVEC supernatants were examined using ELISA. The results showed that cardamonin did not effect the proliferation of HUVECs or the replication of HTNV in HUVECs. Instead, cardamonin inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and nuclear transduction of NF-kB and further reduced the expression of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in HTNV-infected HUVECs. Cardamonin also inhibited the secretion of IL-6 and CCL5, but not IL-8. Conclusion/Significance: HTNV replication may not be dependent upon the ability of the virus to activate NF-kB in HUVECs. The Akt/NF-kB pathways may be involved in the pathogenesis of HFRS; therefore, cardamonin may serve as a potential