jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Difference in effect between ischemic compression and muscle energy technique on upper trepezius myofascial trigger points: Comparative study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Myofascial trigger point (MTrP) is a hyperirritable point or spot, usually within a taut band of skeletal muscle or in the muscle fascia which is painful on compression and can give rise to characteristic-referred pain and motor dysfunction. Studies suggest that various types of massage forms are available for treating MTrPs. Aims: To find the difference in effect of two forms of massage techniques: Ischemic compression and muscle energy technique (MET) on upper trepezius MTrPs. Settings and Design: Quasi experimental design was conducted with convenient sampling method. Materials and Methods: Patients ( n = 30) who fulfil the screening criteria were randomly assigned to Group A ( n = 15) treated with ischemic compression and ultrasound and Group B ( n = 15) treated with MET and ultrasound for 4 weeks and they were assessed at baseline and after 4 weeks. Outcome measures included pain intensity by visual analog scale (VAS) and range of motion by universal goniometer. Statistical Analysis Used: Intergroup analysis was done with Mann-Whitney test and intragroup analysis was done with Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Statistically, no significant ( P > 0.05) changes in the scores were found in the Groups A and B for VAS, and statistically significant ( P < 0.05) changes in the scores were found in the Groups A and B for Range of Motion (ROM) with greater change scores in the Group B compared with Group A. Conclusion: Treatment program consisting of MET with ultrasound may be more effective in reducing pain and improve ROM in patients in upper trepezius MTrPs.
Unthriftiness, Hairy Fleece, and Tremors in Newborn Lambs

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY Unthriftiness, hairy fleece, and tremors were observed in newborn lambs obtained from 2 ranches in northern California. The number affected ranged from 2 to 4%. Most affected lambs were offspring of yearling ewes. Pathologic changes consisted of hairy fleece with abnormal pigmentation, lymphoid hyperplasia, hypomyelinogenesis, and mild meningoencephalitis.
A Philosophy Research Database to Share Data Resources

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Philosophy research used to rely mainly on the traditional published journals and newspapers for collecting or communicating data. However, because of financial limits or lack of capability to collect data, required published materials and even restricted materials and developing information from research projects often could not be obtained. The rise of digital techniques and Internet opportunities has allowed data resource sharing of philosophy research. However, although there are several ICPs with large-scale comprehensive commercial databases in the field in China, no real non-profit professional database for philosophy researchers exists. Therefore, in 2002, the Philosophy Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences began a project to build "The Database of Philosophy Research." Until Mar. 2006 the number of subsets had reached 30, with more than 30,000 records, retrieval services reached 6,000, and article-reading reached 30,000. Because of the concept of intellectual property, the service of the database is currently limited to the information held in CASS. Nevertheless, this is the first academic database for philosophy research, so its orientation is towards resource-sharing, leading users to data, and serving large number of demands from other provinces and departments.
ANZCO Foods Limited: Pursuing the Chinese Market

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

ANZCO Foods Limited is a dynamic, multi-national group of companies which procure, process and market New Zealand beef and lamb products. ANZCO is one of New Zealand's largest exporters of beef and sheep meat worldwide. The Chinese market is growing rapidly. ANZCO is looking to decide whether to further pursue the Chinese market and analyze its potential for sheep meat. This case provides an opportunity to analyze a large, fragmented and varied new market offering substantial growth potential. The case content and analysis is particularly relevant for courses focused on international business, marketing, supply chain management, strategy, entrepreneurship, management, and the food and agribusiness industry in general. It is relevant for use in undergraduate and graduate level courses as well as a problem solving exercise with industry professionals.
Effect of Some Treatments on Improving Seed Multiplication Ratio in Potato by Stem Cutting

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A procedure for rapid multiplication technique of potato using stem cuttings induced to grow at the leaf nodes by removal the apical growing point is described.Sequential five experiments were conducted in the greenhouses and in the field of a private farm (Nubaria district, Bahaira Governorate, Egypt), during the period from 2012 to 2015.In the first experiment, the number of stem cuttings in the different tested cultivars ranged from 16.25 (cv.Patrones) to 38.50 (cv.Spunta).In the second experiment, the rooting hormone K-IBA improved root initiation and development of Spunta cv. and increased survival, root dry weight and quality, additionally had the highest values of tuber yield.The rate of multiplication was 400: 1 against 9: 1 for the conventional method.In the third experiment, a rooting substrate of sand: peat (1:1) enhanced survival, improved growth, yield attributes and M.R.In the fourth experiment, incidence of common potato viruses (PVX, PVY, PLRV and TRV) was negative in second generation of tubers when stem cutting technique was used.In the field study of the fifth experiment, the tuber yields and quality with rooted cuttings were statistically similar for crops from imported seed tubers, however, the proportion of marketable tubers (> 60 mm diameter) was approximately 59% and 50% less in the crops from rooted cutting and tubers from stem cutting, respectively, compared with those from imported seed tubers.Rooted stem cuttings gave the highest net profit.These results indicate that the stem cuttings and small tuber derived from stem cutting are two methods of growing potatoes, which need to be further evaluated for socio-economic assessment by farmers.
Complementarity between mist-netting and low-cost acoustic recorders to sample bats in Amazonian rainforests and savannahs

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Effective survey methods are paramount to measure changes in species distribution, populations dynamics and to guide conservation. Mist-netting and passive acoustic monitoring are two of the most used techniques to sample bats assemblages. Yet, despite the great potential of low-cost autonomous ultrasound recorders in surveying bat assemblages, we lack thorough assessments of their performance in relation to more established survey methods. Taking advantage of the rich bat fauna of the northeastern Brazilian Amazon, we set out to i) investigate the complementarity of mist-netting and acoustic surveys in sampling bats in forest and savannah habitats in the Savannahs of Amapá and ii) undertake a cost-effectiveness evaluation of using one, two or three recorders per sampling site to simultaneously survey bat assemblages. The two methods show complementary, and overall species diversity recorded with mist nets was higher than with acoustic recorders. However, species diversity was higher with acoustic recorders than with mist nets when considering a reduced (n < 3) number of transects. In addition, we found a gain in species diversity when using more than one acoustic recorder in forest habitats, despite the low cost-effectiveness. However, there were no differences between the diversity using one, two or three acoustic recorders in savannah. Due to possible device malfunction, we recommend the use of at least two acoustic recorders in both habitats to reduce the likelihood of data loss. The use of low-cost bioacoustic recorders in bat surveys can help to address critical knowledge gaps for poorly known aerial-hawking insectivores and support evidence-based conservation strategies.
Metalloproteinases and their role in the degradation of bonding systems. Part 2

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The stability of the hybrid layer is crucial for ensuring the durability of fillings made of composite materials. Factors which weaken the bond strength are related to, among others, the presence of bacteria and their enzymes in the structure of the bacterial biofilm. Chronic damage the hybrid layer is also a result of hydrolysis and leaching of adhesive monomers which infiltrated the demineralised dentin matrix. Nanoleakage is also among the factors contributing to degradation. Many studies examine the effect of endogenous proteases on the degradation of the hybrid layer. Endogenous collagenolytic enzymes: metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cysteine cathepsins, are responsible for the degradation of the collagen matrix in the hybrid layer. Inhibition of endogenous proteases is therefore necessary to slow the degradation of fillings. The enzyme activity in dentine and in the hybrid layer can be regulated by endo- and exogenous inhibitors. The paper is a review of the available literature published in the PubMed medical database, as well as in Polish dental journals in the years 2002-2017. Its aim is to assess the role of metalloproteinases and cysteine cathepsins in the degradation of the hybrid layer and to review the compounds with inhibitory properties in relation to these enzyme groups.
A Minimal Model Program for $\mathbb{Q}$-Gorenstein varieties

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The main results of this paper are already known (V.V. Shokurov, the non-vanishing theorem, 1985). Moreover, the non-$\mathbb{Q}$-factorial MMP was more recently considered by O~Fujino, in the case of toric varieties (Equivariant completions of toric contraction morphisms, 2006), for klt pairs (Special termination and reduction to pl flips, 2007) and more generally for log-canonical pairs (Foundation of the minimal model program, 2014). Here we rewrite the proofs of some of these results, by following the proofs given by Y. Kawamata, K. Matsuda, and K. Matsuki (Introduction to the minimal model problem, 1985) of the same results in $\mathbb{Q}$-factorial MMP. And, in the family of $\mathbb{Q}$-Gorenstein spherical varieties, we answer positively to the questions of existence of flips and of finiteness of sequences of flips. I apologize for the first version of this paper, which I wrote without knowing that these results already exist.
Event-Triggered Adaptive Control for a Class of Nonlinear Pure-Feedback Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, an event-triggered control scheme is raised for a class of nonlinear pure-feedback systems. A switching threshold strategy of event-triggering is employed such that the communication burden between controllers and actuators can be effectively decreased. The neural networks are introduced to approximate the unknown nonlinear continuous functions appearing in the deign process. According to the stability analysis, it can be seen that the closed-loop system is semi-globally uniformly bounded. In addition, the errors between the actual signals and the command signals could converge to some compact sets.
Understanding the TeV emission from a distant blazar PKS 1424+240 in a lepto-hadronic jet model

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the formation of TeV spectrum of a distant blazar PKS 1424+240\nresiding at a redshift $z\\geq0.6$ in two scenarios in the frame of a\nlepto-hadronic jet model taking both the uncertainties of the extragalactic\nbackground light (EBL) and its redshift into account. In the first scenario,\nTeV emission is attributed to the synchrotron emission of pair cascades\nresulting from $p\\gamma$ interaction; in the second scenario, TeV emission is\nattributed to the proton-synchrotron emission, and an internal absorption due\nto interaction with the photons around the jet is included. The results show\nthat in the first scenario the 68\\% upper limit of its redshift within which\nthis scenario can explain the VERITAS TeV spectrum in 2009 well is $\\sim0.75$;\nin the second scenario, this upper limit of the redshift becomes $\\sim1.03$.\nHowever, the second scenario can be excluded because it requires an\nunreasonable photon field around the jet with a luminosity of $\\sim10^{43}\\rm \\\nerg\\ s^{-1}$. In conclusion, the jet model can explain its TeV spectrum with a\nlow EBL density if $0.6<z<0.75$.\n
Efficacy of sitting balance training with delayed visual feedback among patients with stroke: a randomized crossover clinical trial

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

[Purpose] This study aimed to determine the effect of delayed visual feedback on the center of pressure and sitting balance in patients with stroke. [Participants and Methods] This was a single-blinded, randomized crossover trial. The duration of each intervention in real-time visual feedback and delayed visual feedback conditions while sitting on the platform was five days. We measured the center of pressure, function in sitting test, and functional independence measure for physiotherapy assessment. [Results] Twenty patients with stroke were included in this study. The delayed visual feedback condition improved the center of pressure for lateral distance, function in sitting test, and functional independence measure. The lateral center of pressure deviation increased significantly after 500 ms of intervention. The function in sitting test evaluated the interaction between pre- and post-training, and these conditions revealed that timing and condition factors contributed to the improvement. Sitting balance training affected the functional independence measure. [Conclusion] Sensory-motor and cognitive learning was facilitated through balance training with delayed visual feedback, and the internal model was updated with the efference copy of error correction. Sensory-motor feedback to visual stimulation can improve postural control, balance, and activities of daily living.
Labor Disputes at the Industrial Enterprises of the Urals rural Area in the Jubilee Year of the Soviet Rule: the Problem of Relations between the Authorities and Workers in 1927

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article, based on the use of statistics, shows the dynamics of labor conflicts at industrial enterprises \nof the Ural region, as well as the forms and methods of resolving labor disputes. Authors examines the factors \nthat provoked the occurrence of strikes and analyzes the results and consequences of the strike movement. \nThe behavior of workers indicates their willingness to defend their rights under the Soviet labor laws and their \nhopes for an opportunity to negotiate with the administration of the enterprise. Because of this, it seems that the \nsocial protest of the workers was of a local and exclusively economic nature. The range of independence of decision- \nmaking by local party committees was determined by political reasons (the desire to meet the mythological \n“proletarian state”); purely opportunistic (the desire “not to take rubbish out of the house” and not to cause the \nwrath of the Center), economic — for example, a ban on the overexpenditure of the wage fund associated with \nthe officially proclaimed “regime of economy”. The very limited democratic character of the life within the Soviet society was nevertheless revealed during the events of May 1927 in Sverdlovsk, even if not openly, in the approval \nof the strikers’ actions by the part of the workers and in the understanding of the motives of social protest by the \n“old Bolsheviks” within the local regional leadership. The option of managed democracy, allowing workers to \npresent their demands in a strictly established order, patiently waiting for their issue to be resolved in management \ninstances, appeared to suit the leaders of the Urals region, but was far from the mythological “dictatorship \nof the proletariat”.
Screening of antibacterial compounds in Thymus vulgaris L. tincture using thin-layer chromatography—direct bioautography and liquid chromatography—tandem mass spectrometry techniques

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In this study, thin-layer chromatography—direct bioautography (TLC—DB) was used for guiding the isolation and identification of antibacterial constituents of Thymus vulgaris L. ethanol extract. This TLC—bioassay method enables the separation and detection of active components directly on the surface of chromatographic plates. They can be identified by comparison with reference substances or using physicochemical methods, preferably spectroscopic ones (liquid chromatography—tandem mass spectrometry [LC—MS/MS], in the presented paper). The described method belongs to the effect-directed analyses (EDA). Seven bacterial strains were used as test organisms, both pathogenic and nonpathogenic, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as well as luminescent bacteria like Aliivibrio fischeri. Five fractions with the widest antimicrobial spectra were detected using TLC—DB, isolated by semi-preparative TLC and subjected to LC—MS/MS analyses. Finally, two bioactive components were tentatively identified, basing on their fragmentation pattern, as eriodictyol and 4,4′-dihydroxy-5,5′-diisopropyl-2,2′-dimethyl-3,6-bifenylodion.
Applying learning achievement and thinking styles to cooperative learning grouping

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Grouping strategy plays a pivotal role in cooperative learning. It affects the learning performance of the groups involved. As widely discussed in previous literature, heterogeneous groups are an effective means of cooperative learning. This study presents a grouping strategy based on the evaluating-conceptual graph and thinking styles. The evaluating-conceptual graph represents the students' knowledge structures. The present grouping objective is for cooperative learning groups to consist of members whose evaluating-conceptual graphs and thinking styles are not only heterogeneous but also nearly complementary. The present grouping strategies have been adopted in a cooperative learning course, "design of the compiler". The evaluation conducted in this study has yielded positive experimental results.
Camera Based Artificial Intelligence for A Smart Vehicle Braking System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A braking system is an essential value in a vehicle particularly for a safety precaution.The higher number rate of traffic accidents mostly in Indonesia shows that the dominant cause of accidents is due to the human factor.The physical condition such as tired or sleepy during driving is the primary problem according to the survey.In order to assist a person when driving a vehicle, an artificial intelligence method is necessary to be integrated to ensure the safety of surrounding people inside and outside the vehicle.This study focuses on implementing the method of identifying object and distance to provide an indicator for braking action.Images from a stereo camera is processed by a neural network technique via a mini computer to classify as well as the distance of objects.Furthermore, selection of priorities are done to obtain the intensity of braking action.The result shows that process of classification and measurement requires period around 200 ms.Furthermore, braking action done by fuzzy controller sub-system shows that the intensity has smoother signal with the object distance variation compare to the direct method.Objects are firstly identified by the presence of a stereo camera, later on the decision of braking intensity is generated by two processing unit namely conventional and fuzzy unit.This is achieved by processing the data saved from the object detection using two system via MATLAB software.The object identification result, distance measurement and the period of object detection is presented.Moreover, the response of braking intensity using data is processed with both conventional and fuzzy unit systems are also presented.he implementation of this study is for the heavy vehicle such buses or trucks that requires higher safety during the journey.
Inhibition and Reversal of Oxygen Poisoning in Paramecium*

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY. Paramecium caudatum exposed to 120 lbs./in. 2 (gsi) gauge pressure (g.p.) at 27°C. died in 2 hours 32 ± 15 minutes. Under similar conditions with the addition of 0.04 m pyruvate and 8 × 10‐ 3 m Mg ++ they lived at least twice as long. Substitution of Co ++ or Mn ++ for Mg ++ provided slightly less protection. Addition of sulfhydryl (SH) reagents to paramecia exposed for 2 hours to 120 psi (g.p.) oxygen resulted in reversal of oxygen poisoning. By means of these reagents oxygen poisoning could be reversed indefinitely. It now appears that direct evidence has been obtained to show that oxygen poisoning is a result of SH inactivation. The extent of the poisoning depends upon the rate of oxidation of SH groups by the oxygen as opposed to the rate at which the organism can reduce oxidized and/or furnish new SH groups.
ON THE QUESTION OF THE NEED TO REGULATE A SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT IN ARBITRATION AND CIVIL PROCEEDINGS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article is devoted to controversial issues of legal regulation of the settlement agreement, incl.enforcement issues.The author raised the question of the fictitiousness of the norms existing in the APC of the RussianFederation and the Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation on the approval of a settlementagreement, the need to clarify or even exclude some of their provisions.A number of issues that arise in the practice of applying the rules on the enforcement of settlementagreements are brought to attention.
Analisis Yuridis Tentang Bentuk Berlaku Adil Dalam Perkawinan Poligami

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage and Islamic Law allows a husband to be polygamous as long as he fulfills the specified requirements, including being fair to his wives. However, the law does not provide an explanation and regulation of the meaning and form of justice. Therefore, this study aims to determine the legal ratio of polygamous marriages and fair forms in polygamous marriages. This research uses normative legal research, namely research on secondary data in the form of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The legal materials were collected through literature study. The legal materials that have been collected are then processed and analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study indicate that based on the opinion of legal experts, the legal ratio of polygamous marriages is for the benefit of mankind and preventing immoral acts committed by men. Then according to the opinion of legal experts that the fair form in polygamous marriage is in the form of external justice, and not spiritual justice.
Three-bit Unit-cell with Low Profile for X-Band Linearly Polarized Transmitarrays

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we present a three-bit phase resolution and low profile unit-cell structure for X-band passive transmitarrays. The unit-cell is implemented using four metallic layers printed on two substrates separated by an air gap. The phase shift is achieved by a combination between current flow modification on middle layers and the variation of the size of path elements. Eight unit-cells are optimized to provide eight phase states with a step of 45°. Experimental results are conducted by using WR-90 waveguide to validate the design. These eight unit-cells cover a wide -3 dB transmission bandwidth of 15% and exhibit a low thickness of 0.18λ0.