jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Everything is fiction: an experimental study in the application of ethnographic criticism to modern atheist identity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This Thesis is an experiment. Within its pages a number of stories will be told, the foci of which will \napply a particular methodology—what I call ‘Ethnographic Criticism’—to the examination of a \nspecific concept: modern Atheist identity. First, it will introduce Ethnographic Criticism as a new and \nsignificant style of literary analysis aimed at reading fictional texts in order to generate anthropological \ninsights about how particular identities are formed. Second, it will use this new means of criticism to \ndiscuss and evaluate how Atheist identity might be perceived as being constructed within a dialectic \nbetween seemingly exclusive forms of Theism and Atheism. \nEthnographic Criticism exists at the nexus between fiction and ethnography, and its genesis derives \nfrom three foundational pillars: ethnographic construction, Ethical Criticism, and discourse analysis. \nIn the three Chapters of Part One, each of these pillars will be established, both exegetically and \ncritically. This examination will play a key role in explicating how the ‘made-up’ qualities of fiction \nmight be converted into the ‘made-from’ qualities of ethnography. Additionally, these Chapters will \nreveal the roots of Ethnographic Criticism through an analysis of discourses dealing with the ‘literary \nturn’ in the theory of anthropology, how Ethical Criticism associates fictional character development \nwith identity construction, and the anthropological benefits of discourse analysis. \nAs a case study, I will apply Ethnographic Criticism to an analysis of Atheist identity construction. \nDue to the combination of a relative absence of existing ethnographic sources on the subject, an \nambiguous academic discourse on the definition of the term, and a paucity of cultural units or ‘tribes’ \nof Atheists in which to observe, my use of Ethnographic Criticism will attempt to fill a methodological \nlacuna concerning the study of Atheist identity. Thus, in Part Two, I will focus on two fictional texts \nby the contemporary English novelist Ian McEwan: Black Dogs (1992) and Enduring Love (1997). In \nthis analysis, not only will McEwan’s fictional characters be treated as if they are ‘real,’ historical \nindividuals, they will be evaluated through an anthropological lens in order to isolate within their \ninteractional validations a means to understand how Atheists define themselves via dialectical \ncommunication. In this way, and in both explicating and reflecting upon this approach, my \nexperimental analysis will identify a number of dynamic, yet no less precarious, outcomes that might \nsurface from reading fictional texts as if they were authoritatively equal to ethnographic ones.
Does titanium surface treatment influence the bone-implant interface? SEM and histomorphometry in a 6-month sheep study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Two types of threaded titanium implants (Euroteknika and Nobel Biocare) were compared in a 180-day in vivo experiment in sheep. The implant characteristics were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and image analysis to determine the roughness index of the surface. Implant specificity appeared through their slightly different chemical composition, their peculiar thread morphology, and their different roughness indexes (0.214 and 0.139, respectively). Implants were placed in the distal part of the tibial diaphysis. Histomorphometric analysis of the bone-implant interface was done on bone sections processed undecalcified. Both types of implants exhibited a similar bony reaction, with haversian bone in close contact with the titanium surface without interposition of fibrous tissue. The interface length percentage covered by bone was not significantly different between the two types of implants.
Metacognition in patients with alopecia areata

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract
Aim: Though genetic and environmental factors predominate, the pathogenesis of alopecia areata (AA) is not fully known and is associated with emotional stress. A secondary psychiatric disease in psychodermatological disease classification, AA is commonly encountered with depression and anxiety disorder. When the association of alopecia areata with psychiatric diseases is considered, metacognition may play an effective role in its etiology.
Materials and Methods: The study included 50 patients diagnosed with alopecia areata and 50 healthy volunteers. Both groups completed the Sociodemographic Data Form and the Metacognition Questionnaire, while the AA group completed the Structured Clinical Interview For DSM-IV (SCID-I). Both groups were compared in terms of sociodemographic, clinical characteristics and metacognition characteristics.
Results: Apart from familial AA and presence of psychiatric diseases, there was no significant difference between the groups. These were significantly high in the AA diagnosis group. The need to control thoughts was significantly high in the AA group compared to the HV group (p=0.022). When involvement percentage is compared in AA patients, there were significant differences between the groups for uncontrollability and danger, need to control thoughts and cognitive self-consciousness (p=0.01; P=0.002, p=0.009). When AA patients were compared in terms of remission, cognitive self-consciousness was significantly higher in the group without remission (p=0.018).
Conclusion: Many aspects of AA, a psychosomatic disease, have not been researched from a psychiatric viewpoint. Our study is a preliminary study on metacognition; research concerning the association of metacognition with other psychiatric diseases (OCD, GAD) will provide better understanding of AA.
Are all helicobacters equal? Mechanisms of gastroduodenal pathology and their clinical implications

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Most cases of peptic ulcer disease, gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and cancer of the distal stomach are complications of Helicobacter pylori infection. However, as with most infections not all patients who contract the infection develop the complications of the disease. The other factors that influence the likelihood of problems arising are the virulence of the infecting organism, the genetic constitution and age of the host, and environmental factors. This paper focuses mainly upon the effect of strain differences and the causation of serious disease. There is considerable genetic variation between the different strains of H pylori, some causing a more severe inflammatory response in the host than others. These strains are also associated with a greater likelihood of causing peptic ulcer, atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer. There is some evidence to suggest that these more virulent organisms may also protect the host from the development of reflux oesophagitis and possibly cancer in the region of the gastro-oesophageal junction. The major difference between virulent and relatively avirulent organisms depends upon the presence of the cag pathogenicity island, a segment of DNA that has been acquired possibly from another organism and is now incorporated within the helicobacter genome. Its presence is associated with the secretion of the vacuolating toxin which is a protein known to cause damage in cell culture and in vivo. As CagA, one of the proteins produced by the pathogenicity island, is highly antigenic, people infected with more virulent strains can be identified by a blood test. Currently controversy surrounds the question as to whether all patients with H pylori should be treated for infection or whether medication should be reserved for those who already have the complications of the infection, or individuals infected with the more virulent strain of the organism.
The Anthropology of Chinese Capitalism in Southeast Asia: From Culture to Institution?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article outlines the contours of the scholarly debate on ‘Chinese capitalism’ in Southeast Asia. This multidisciplinary domain is business- and entrepreneurship-oriented, and concerns the ethnic Chinese who have migrated from Southern China to Southeast Asia and have come to play a dominant role in the region’s economies over the centuries. The debate revolves around the competing assumptions that ethnic Chinese business success in Southeast Asia relies either on ethnic affiliation and shared cultural values, or on strategic deployment of resources, power relations and institutional co-optation. We distinguish four perspectives on ‘Chinese capitalism’, and argue that the concept of culture holds the debate hostage in the divide between essentialism and anti-essentialism. The promise of an ‘anthropology of Chinese capitalism’ resides in matters of perspective, therefore, rather than in the theoretical concept of culture itself. We advocate a liaison amoureuse between business anthropology and institutional theory.
Platelets express a membrane protein complex immunologically related to the fibroblast fibronectin receptor and distinct from GPIIb/IIIa

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract We have previously identified and characterized a membrane glycoprotein complex (GP150/135) that functions as fibronectin receptor (FN-R) in fibroblast adhesion. Here we report that an immunologically related protein complex is expressed at the surface of human platelets. Antibodies monospecific for the smaller subunit (GP135) of the fibroblast FN-R in fact specifically stained the platelet surface, as determined by FACS analysis, and reacted with a component of molecular weight (mol wt) 138,000 as shown in western blots of platelet membranes. Moreover, the same antibodies precipitated the 138,000 component together with a 160,000 protein, suggesting that the two molecules are associated in a supramolecular complex. A comparative analysis indicated that this protein complex is distinct from the GPIIb/IIIa complex, known to function as a receptor of wide specificity for fibrinogen, fibronectin, and von Willebrand factor. Differential extraction experiments revealed that the platelet 138,000 component is an integral membrane protein.
Structure and Function of a C–C Bond Cleaving Oxygenase in Atypical Angucycline Biosynthesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

C-C bond ring cleaving oxygenases represent a unique family of enzymes involved in the B ring cleavage reaction only observed in atypical angucycline biosynthesis. B ring cleavage is the key reaction leading to dramatic divergence in the final structures of atypical angucyclines. Here, we present the crystal structure of AlpJ, the first structure of this family of enzymes. AlpJ has been verified as the enzyme catalyzing C-C bond cleavage in kinamycin biosynthesis. The crystal structure of the AlpJ monomer resembles the dimeric structure of ferredoxin-like proteins. The N- and C-terminal halves of AlpJ are homologous, and both contain a putative hydrophobic substrate binding pocket in the "closed" and "open" conformations, respectively. Structural comparison of AlpJ with ActVA-Orf6 and protein-ligand docking analysis suggest that the residues including Asn60, Trp64, and Trp181 are possibly involved in substrate recognition. Site-directed mutagenesis results supported our hypothesis, as mutation of these residues led to nearly a complete loss of the activity of AlpJ. Structural analysis also revealed that AlpJ possesses an intramolecular domain-domain interface, where the residues His50 and Tyr178 form a hydrogen bond that probably stabilizes the three-dimensional structure of AlpJ. Site-directed mutagenesis showed that the two residues, His50 and Tyr178, were vital for the activity of AlpJ. Our findings shed light on the structure and catalytic mechanism of the AlpJ family of oxygenases, which presumably involves two active sites that might function in a cooperative manner.
Protective Effects of Fermented Filtrate fromAntrodia camphoratain Submerged Culture against CCl4-Induced Hepatic Toxicity in Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The protective effects and the possible mechanisms of dry matter of fermented filtrate (DMF) from Antrodia camphorata in submerged culture (ACSC) on H(2)O(2)-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 and carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced hepatotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated. The results showed that the inhibitory effect of DMF and its crude triterpenoids on lipid peroxidation occurred in a dose-response manner in an AAPH/linoleic acid system. When HepG2 cells were pretreated with DMF at the concentration of 0.10 mg/mL for 4 h and then induced by 1 h of treatment with H(2)O(2) (100 microM), lipid peroxidation was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased, as measured by the formation of malondialdehyde. The oral pretreatment with DMF [0.25 and 0.50 mg/kg of body weight (bw)] for 5 consecutive days prior to the administration of a single dose of 40% CCl(4) (0.10 mL/100 g of bw, ip) significantly prevented the increase in serum levels of hepatic enzyme markers (alanine and aspartate aminotransferase) and liver lipid peroxidation (p < 0.05). Histopathological evaluation of the rat liver revealed that DMF reduced the incidence of liver lesions, including neutrophil infiltration, hydropic swelling, and necrosis induced by CCl(4) in rats. Moreover, reduced glutathione (GSH)-dependent enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S-transferase) and the GSH/GSSG ratio were significantly improved in the oral pretreatment DMF of rats (p < 0.01). The results suggest that DMF may play a role in preventing oxidative damage in living systems by up-regulating hepatic GSH-dependent enzymes to preserve the normal GSH/GSSH ratio and scavenging free radicals formed during CCl(4) metabolism.
Marijuana Use and Adherence to Smoking Cessation Treatment Among Callers to Tobacco Quitlines

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

One in 4 quitline callers reported past 30-day marijuana use. Given that nearly half (43%) wanted to reduce marijuana use, addressing co-use may be an important addition to quitline treatment. Future studies should assess co-use effects on tobacco cessation outcomes and explore combined treatment or bidirectional referrals between quitlines and marijuana treatment providers.
Sex Wise Morphometrical Studies on the Skull Bones of Indian Mithun (Bos frontalis)

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Background: There is scanty information on the morphometry of the skull of Indian mithun; therefore, the present study was designed to provide morphometric data of the skull of Indian mithun. Methods: The study was conducted on the skull bones of twelve (n=12) adult Indian mithun of either sex (n=6, male and n=6, female). The head region samples of naturally died mithun were collected from different parts of the Mizoram and Nagaland states of India from September, 2019 to March, 2020. In the present study, altogether, a total of forty-five parameters were taken in the skull bones of males and females of Indian mithun. Result: The biometrical observations on the different parameters of the skull of Indian mithun were found to be significantly (P less than 0.01, P less than 0.05) higher in the males than females. The measurements demonstrated that the skull of the mithun was elongated and dolichocephalic as per the value of the skull index. The skull index/ cephalic index was 48.76±0.03 in males and 48.71±0.02 in females of the mithun. The length, width of the skull was 44.52±0.02, 44.41±0.02 in males and 21.62±0.04, 21.57±0.05 in females of mithun, respectively. The orbital margin was circular and complete in mithun. The cranial cavity of mithun was oval in outline with a capacity of 530.00±0.27 cm3 in males and 523.00±0.31 cm3 in females. The foramen magnum was large, roughly oval with a foramen index as 96.93±0.06 in males and 97.19±0.04 in females. The present morphometrical studies on the skull of mithun can be useful to the wildlife professionals and zoo veterinarians for the determination of sex of this animal and distinguish from other domestic and wild animals for solving veterolegal cases.
ICE GRIP OF NEW AND USED WINTER TYRES: CORRELATION WITH AGE, TREAD DEPTH, TREAD RUBBER HARDNESS, STUD PROTRUSION AND STUD FORCE

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The aim of the study presented has been to correlate the ice grip of new and used winter tyres with age, tread depth, tread rubber hardness, stud protrusion and stud force. Most of the tyres have been used in ordinary traffic and varied in age from three to seventeen years. The tests were carried out on smooth black ice near zero degrees centigrade (minus 3). Results show that as a group studded tyres are superior to non studded tyres as well as to the specialised studless However, the differences in friction within the subgroups are quite large. New winter tyres were better than the average of the older tyres. But the tyres that were 5 to 17 years old did not show any significant influence of age: tyres did not seem to show any further deterioration when they reached 5 years of age. This hold true both for studded tyres as well as for the studless
Plate reconstruction based upon age data of Japanese accretionary complexes

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Research Article| December 01, 1994 Plate reconstruction based upon age data of Japanese accretionary complexes Soichi Osozawa Soichi Osozawa 1Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980, Japan Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Soichi Osozawa 1Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980, Japan Publisher: Geological Society of America First Online: 02 Jun 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2682 Print ISSN: 0091-7613 Geological Society of America Geology (1994) 22 (12): 1135–1138. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<1135:PRBUAD>2.3.CO;2 Article history First Online: 02 Jun 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Soichi Osozawa; Plate reconstruction based upon age data of Japanese accretionary complexes. Geology 1994;; 22 (12): 1135–1138. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<1135:PRBUAD>2.3.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract The ages of the oceanic plates for the Japanese accretionary complexes are plotted against time of accretion. The plots show that Early Cretaceous transform faulting modified the arrangement of the pre-middle Cretaceous accretionary complexes and that three or four mid-ocean ridges have collided with the Japan arc since Permian time. The plate configuration for the western North Pacific is reconstructed. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
Prehistoric Coastal Mass Burials: Did Death Come in Waves?

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Recent large tsunamis in the twenty-first century have provided graphic reminders of the catastrophic impacts such natural hazards can have upon coastal communities. Death tolls in the thousands give rise to the rapid adoption of coastal mass burials for the interment of the dead. While recognised as a necessary practice in the aftermath of such contemporary tragedies, the paucity of coastal mass burial sites related to earlier tsunamis reported in the archaeological record is unusual. We establish a suite of criteria for identifying the geological and archaeological evidence of inundation by past tsunamis and review case studies from two well-documented prehistoric coastal mass burial sites in the Southern Hemisphere (Solomon Islands and Vanuatu). To varying degrees, both sites possess numerous characteristics that suggest direct correlation with previously reported catastrophic palaeotsunamis. In the Northern Hemisphere, we investigate palaeotsunami inundation as an alternative hypothesis for mass burial sites in Orkney and Shetland, a relatively tectonically inactive region where such an association is unlikely to have ever been considered. The nature, chronology and location of these mass burial sites fit well with the proposed archaeological evidence for palaeotsunami inundation, and they also appear to be contemporaneous with the as-yet poorly documented Garth tsunami (~ 5500 years BP). We suggest that a potentially key diagnostic criterion for determining a palaeotsunami linkage is the use of diatom testing on skeletal remains to establish whether death was caused by drowning in saltwater, a test which has never been applied in this context.
Over-Current Characteristics of 66-kV RE123 HTS Power Cable

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In Japan, the development of the 66-kV-class superconducting power cable was begun in 2008 as a national project. A high-temperature superconducting (HTS) power cable typically consists of a copper former, HTS conductor layers, electrical insulation layers, HTS shield layers, and copper shield layers. 66-kV-class superconducting power cables may be subjected to a fault current of 31.5 kA rms for 2 s. Therefore, in order to ensure the stability and feasibility of superconducting power cables, we need to investigate these cables with respect to their thermal characteristics and current distribution under fault conditions. In this study, we carried out over-current experiments on a 2-m-long HTS model cable. We also performed numerical simulations on the model cable by using a computer program developed by us on the basis of a 3D finite element method (FEM) and an electrical circuit model.
EVALUATION OF OPTIMAL DIETARY MANGANESE LEVEL FOR BROILERS FED CONVENTIONAL DIET BY USING GENE EXPRESSION

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Objective To find the quick, sensitive and stable criterion to evaluate the optimal dietary manganese (Mn) level for broilers. Method Broilers aged 0-3 w were fed diets supplemented with different levels of Mn as inorganic Mn. Growth performance, tissue Mn contents, and MnSOD activity and MnSOD mRNA level in heart mitochondria of broilers were determined. Linear and quadratic responses of indices to dietary Mn level were analyzed, and mathematical models were used to evaluate the optimal dietary Mn level for broilers. Results Growth performance were not significantly different among treatments.Tissue Mn concentrations, MnSOD activity and MnSOD mRNA of heart mitochondria were all significantly different among treatments.Except that liver Mn contents increased linearly at 7 d of age, quadratic or asymptotic models (P0.01) of MnSOD activity and MnSOD mRNA level at other ages to dietary Mn level were acquired. Conclusion Heart MnSOD mRNA level was quicker, more sensitive and stable in detecting Mn nutritional status in broilers than other criteria such as MnSOD activity, and so it was a sensitive criterion for evaluating dietary Mn requirement of broilers. With this criterion, 130 mg/kg Mn in diet would be an optimal dietary level for broilers from 0 to 3 w of age.