jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Comparison of Elemental Composition of Deveci and Santa Maria Pear Varieties

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was implemented to compare the nutrient elements contents of two different pear cultivars in order to determine the sufficiency ranges might be used for different cultivars. For this purpose, concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, B, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb and Co elements were determined in the leaf and fruit parts of pear cultivars, Deveci and Santa Maria. The mean values of N, Ca, Mg, B, Mn and Cd concentrations were found to be statistically different in the leaf samples. Concentrations of the elements in the fruit flesh were different at N, P, K, Ca, Mg, B, Fe, Zn and Cu. Concentrations of the elements in fruit peel were similar in both two cultivars, except N and B. Despite the differences found among the same elements, in the leaves of two different cultivars, the concentration of these elements were near to each other. So that, it could ve suggested that interpretation of the leaf and fruit analysis results from the different pear cultivars can be made by comparing to a single set of critical values or sufficiency ranges
Substrate specificities of .ALPHA.-N-acetylgalactosaminidases I and II from squid liver.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The substrate specificities of the squid liver α-N-acetylgalactosaminidases I and II were studied with natural compounds containing α-N-acetylgalactosaminyl or other glycosyl terminals as substrates. Both α-N-acetylgalactosaminidases I and II hydrolyzed terminal α-N-acetyl-galactosaminyl linkages of the natural compounds investigated; asialo bovine submaxillary mucin, Forssman glycolipid, human ovarian cyst A-glycoprotein and blood group A-type ghosts. On the other hand, the oligosaccharides containing α-galactosyl terminals, ceramide trihexoside and human ovarian cyst B-glycoprotein, were hydrolyzed by α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase I but not by α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase II. The milk oligosaccharides with other glycosyl terminals were nxot hydrolyzed by either enzyme. Application of α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase from squid liver together with other glycosidases was effective in structural studies of Forssman glycolipid.
DietaryAdvancedGlycationEnd Products–InducedCognitive Impairment in Aged ICR Mice: Protective Role of Quercetin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Scope Dietary advanced glycation products (dAGEs) have been reported to induce cognitive impairment while quercetin possesses potential neuroprotective effects. The aim is to explore whether dAGEs would induce similar cognitive impairment from both young and aged ICR mice, and the protective effects of quercetin. Methods and results A total of 32 aged ICR mice (15‐month‐old) and 16 young ICR mice (3‐month‐old) are randomly assigned into the following six groups: Young mice control group, young mice fed with AGEs diet group, old mice control group, old mice fed with AGEs diet group, old mice with quercetin supplemented diet group, old mice fed with AGE diet supplemented with quercetin group. Dietary AGEs induced cognitive impairment only in aged, but not in young, ICR mice, while quercetin intervention is capable of reversing dAGEs‐induced cognitive dysfunction. This may be since quercetin 1) increased miR‐219, miR‐15a, and miR‐132 expression, inhibited p‐ERK1/2, and tau phosphorylation; and 2) improved gut microbiota richness and diversity, inhibited phylum Tenericutes and Proteobacteria , and elevated butyric acid from cecum. Conclusion Prolonged application of quercetin may be beneficial in the elderly, especially for those with high consumption of dAGEs.
Azide-based mutagenesis suppresses Striga hermonthica seed germination and parasitism on maize varieties

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Small-scale farmers currently produce more than 90% of the maize grown in Kenya. However, the parasitic weed, Striga hermonthica has become a menace because it is a widespread parasitic weed causing severe damages to major cereals like maize and sorghum. Mutant lines of maize were created in the laboratory using sodium azide (NaN3) and their performance in respect to the degree of Striga resistance screened. The presence of active chemical stimulants in the root exudate was further investigated. This is the first report on mutagenic conversion of Striga-susceptible to Striga-resistant maize varieties (K9908, K9910 and K9911). Stable performances of the new arieties have been demonstrated in Striga-infested fields in western Kenya by agronomic researchers
An Evaluation of the Water Quality of Yuvarlakçay Stream, in the Köycegiz-Dalyan Protected Area, SW Turkey

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The longitudinal and seasonal distribution of macroinvertebrates and the physical and chemical variables of Yuvarlak Stream in the Köycegiz-Dalyan Protected Area in South-Western Turkey were studied between April 1992 and April 1993. The diversity, frequency, dominance, abundance and similarity of macroinvertebrates through the year were recorded. In addition, the Belgian Biotic Index was used as a biological criterion for the assessment of water quality for the first time in Turkey. According to the physico-chemical variables and the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates, continuous slight and moderate organic pollution exists in the stream. The monitoring of the water quality of Yuvarlakçay Stream is also necessary for the protection of water quality in meromictic Lake Köycegiz.
Expansion of the Trade in Northern Alaska and Western Arctic Canada

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter focuses on the development and advance of the arctic fur trade to the year 1914: the decline of the shore whaling industry and the rise of the market for white fox furs; the beginning of the dispersal of trapping families along the coast; the importance of the Cape Smythe Whaling and Trading Company at Barrow, Alaska; and the activities of H. Liebes and Company, furriers of San Francisco.
Reference Tracking With Guaranteed Error Bound for Constrained Linear Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose a control design for a constrained linear system to track reference signals within a given bounded error. The admissible reference signals are generated as output trajectories of a reference generator, which is a constrained linear system driven by unknown bounded inputs. The controller has to track the reference signals and to never violate a given tracking error bound, while satisfying state and input constraints, for any admissible reference. The design is based on a model predictive controller (MPC) enforcing a polyhedral robust control invariant set defined by the system and reference generator models and constraints. We describe an algorithm to compute the robust control invariant set and how to design the tracking MPC law that guarantees satisfaction of the tracking error bound and of the system constraints, and achieves persistent feasibility. We demonstrate the proposed method in two case studies.
Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Manifesting asLactococcusEndocarditis: A Case Report and Review of the Association ofLactococcuswith Underlying Gastrointestinal Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 45-year-old male with a prosthetic aortic valve presented to the hospital with several months of generalized malaise. On admission, he was noted to have anemia of unclear etiology and subsequently became febrile with multiple blood cultures growing Lactococcus garvieae . Inpatient workup was concerning for infectious endocarditis (IE) secondary to Lactococcus . The patient was discharged home with appropriate antimicrobial therapy; however, he was readmitted for persistent, symptomatic anemia and underwent colonoscopy, which revealed innumerable colonic polyps consistent with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) that was later confirmed with genetic testing. Surveillance computed tomography (CT) imaging of the aortic repair later demonstrated valve dehiscence with surrounding fluid collection; he underwent redo surgery and was found to have destruction of the aortic annulus and a large pseudoaneurysm. Histopathology of the valve prosthesis confirmed IE. It is suspected that the patient developed Lactococcus IE from enteric translocation. Review of the literature provides several reports of Lactococcus infections in association with underlying gastrointestinal disease, including colorectal cancer. Given this association, we raise the question of whether the diagnosis of Lactococcus IE should evoke suspicion and encourage evaluation for gastrointestinal pathology, as occurs with Streptococcus bovis .
Numerical studies on the polarities of electromagnetic wave modes in a magnetoplasma-filled cylindrical waveguide

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The physical polarities of electromagnetic waves propagating in a magnetoplasma-filled cylindrical waveguide are studied by numerical calculations and simple analytical analyses. In the plane of the frequency–axial wave number, the obtained results show that dispersion curves of right-hand polarized (RHP) and left-hand polarized (LHP) electromagnetic waves propagating in an infinite magnetoplasma determine characteristic regions in which wave modes propagating in a magnetoplasma-filled cylindrical waveguide have different physical polarities. The frequency region slightly below and above can be thought of as a RHP area. The physical polarity of wave modes clarified in this paper is helpful to understand the interaction between charged particles and waves propagating in a magnetoplasma-filled cylindrical waveguide.
Lymphoma diagnosed at inguinal hernia repair.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Tumors presenting in the inguinal hernia sac are considered to be extremely rare, with the more common neoplasms metastasizing from the gastrointestinal tract, ovary and prostate. We report the case of Mantle cell lymphoma identified in the inguinal hernia sac following hernia repair While the hernia sac appeared normal to the surgeon, evaluation by the pathologist showed subtle gross irregularities, with subsequent histologic and immunochemical diagnosis of Mantle cell lymphoma. Twelve previous cases of a lymphoma diagnosed during hernia repair have been described in the English literature. This is the first report of Mantle cell lymphoma found in the hernia sac. This case illustrates the value of routine microscopic evaluation of hernia sacs found from inguinal/femoral herniorrhaphies, as it may be the primary presentation of an asymptomatic metastatic lymphoma. Additionally it underscores the importance of the surgeon's role in screening hernia sacs if the practice of submitting only macroscopically abnormal specimens for microscopic evaluation is adopted.
Three-dimensional topographic effects on infrasound propagation across Ascension Island

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

SUMMARY Narrowband harmonic infrasound signals within the 1–8 Hz passband, generated by wind turbines on Ascension Island, have been recorded at four microbarometers located at distances of between 1.8 and 4.6 km from the source along different azimuths. Across one month of recordings in October 2010, amplitude ratios between the four recordings show temporal stability but deviate from the ratios expected for propagation across a flat plane. Using a recently developed 3-D parabolic equation method, that can incorporate realistic topography as a lower boundary, it is shown that these time-independent amplitude ratio deviations can be, in part, explained by acoustic interactions with topography that has scale lengths on the order of a few hundreds of metres. These interactions comprise both 2-D barrier effects that reduce sound levels behind high topography, and 3-D diffractive effects that increase sound levels behind topographic obstacles. For the Ascension Island case study, amplitudes along two of the four paths can be successfully modelled using a 2-D model, indicating that barrier effects dominate for these path geometries. Amplitude ratios along a third path, and the frequency-dependence of these ratios, are better simulated using a 3-D model that captures the out-of-plane diffractive effects around a prominent hill. The fourth path is poorly modelled using the 3-D model, which overpredicts acoustic amplitudes in this case. We hypothesize that this mismatch is likely to be due to a simplified description of the wind turbine source term. This study provides further observational confirmation that topographic interactions need to be considered when interpreting locally propagating infrasound, and shows that for harmonic narrowband sources a parabolic equation solver incorporating realistic boundary conditions provides an efficient method for simulating topographic interactions.
EXACT PHASE-SHIFT CALCULATION FOR NUCLEON-NUCLEAR SCATTERING

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

feasible to study the energy dependence of opticalmodel parameters from fairly iow energies to several hundred Mev. This is particularly true for proton scattering from heavy nuclei, where some nonelastic cross sections as well as differential cross sections and polarization data are avaliable at energies between approximately 5 aud 400 Mev. For neutron acattering, there are very few relinble data above 50 Mev, but the region between 1 and 50 Mev can be studied primarily because nonelastic and total cross sections have been measured. The best elastic neutron scattering data exist up to and including 14 Mev. Further calculations are being performed at 1 Mev and at energies above 14 Mev in order to determine the variation in the potential parameters. Comparisons are made at each energy between the results for the above central imaginary potential and the more usual form in which the imaginary potential has the same form factor as given for the real potential above. The proton-scattering calculaitions show that the same potentials as used in the neutron calculation adequately describe the nucleus. Since more precise data and a greater range of energy are available, more effort is being put into the proton calcuintion. Prelimirary results havemore » been obtained at enegies of 17, 40, 95, 135, and 300 Mev. At the higher energies, the imaginary spin-orbit term becomes essential. The central imaginary potential varies slightly with energy, the central real potential falls off as expected and may become negative (repulsive) above 300 Mev. (auth)« less
The Altered Molecular Landscape of Adjacent Normal Tissues in Oral Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Oral cancer, predominantly oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), remains a significant global health challenge. While much attention has been focused on the molecular landscape of tumor cells, growing evidence indicates that the adjacent normal tissues (ANTs) surrounding oral cancer lesions also harbor critical molecular alterations. These changes contribute to cancer initiation, progression, recurrence, and metastasis. This chapter delves into the concept of field cancerization, revealing that ANTs are not truly “normal” but undergo genetic, epigenetic, and molecular reprogramming, rendering them susceptible to malignant transformation. We discuss how ANT-driven abnormalities influence tumor behavior, shape immune responses, and remodel the tumor microenvironment. The chapter also explores the role of ANT profiling in improving early detection and therapeutic strategies for oral cancers, addresses the challenges associated with studying ANT molecular landscapes, and emphasizes the potential of multi-omics approaches to comprehensively characterize these molecular alterations.
PHP-HT (VitaResc Biotech).

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

VitaResc (formerly Apex) is developing PHP-HT, pyridoxalated hemoglobin polyoxyethylene conjugate, for the potential treatment of nitric oxide-induced shock (characterized by hypotension), associated with various etiologies, initially in septic shock. A phase I safety study and an initial phase I/II patient trial for NO-induced shock have been completed, and VitaResc has enrolled patients in three of five planned cohorts in a continuation of these trials to include a protocol of continuous infusion and dose escalation [330680,349187,390918]. The results from the dose escalation trials are expected to provide the basis for a randomized, controlled phase II/III pivotal trial of PHP-HT [390918]. VitaResc has licensed PHP-HT exclusively from Ajinomoto for all indications, worldwide, except Japan [275263]. Ajinomoto originally developed the human derived and chemically modified hemoglobin preparation as a blood substitute, but no development has been reported by the company since 1997 [275277,303577]. The other potential indications of PHP-HT include shock associated with burns, pancreatitis, hemodialysis and cytokine therapies [275277]. VitaResc expects the annual market potential of PHP-HT to exceed 1 billion dollars [330680].
Wheat and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) competition as affected by phosphorus nutrition

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract A greenhouse experiment used a replacement series design to compare the vegetative growth 6 wk after emergence in pure cultures and mixtures of winter wheat and Italian ryegrass, with phosphorus (P) levels recommended by soil testing. The planting proportions of wheat and Italian ryegrass were 100 and 0%, 75 and 25%, 50 and 50%, 25 and 75%, and 0 and 100%, respectively. There was no alleopathic interaction between the species. Both species in all pure and mixed cultures had substantially less growth in the low-P than in the recommended P treatment. However, the relative performance of the two species differed between P treatments. In the recommended P treatment in pure culture, Italian ryegrass had more tillers and greater root weight and length than wheat. Pure culture wheat in the low-P treatment exceeded pure culture Italian ryegrass in leaf area, weights of leaves, stems, and roots, and root length. Thus, the growth of wheat was inhibited less by P deficiency than the growth of Italian ryegrass in pure culture. In the 50:50 mixture of the recommended P treatment, wheat had greater leaf, stem, and root weights than Italian ryegrass. In the 50:50 mixture of the low-P treatment, the two species were very similar in growth, except that Italian ryegrass had about three times more tillers than did wheat. Whereas P deficiency limited the growth of wheat less than Italian ryegrass in pure culture, P deficiency did not affect the relative competitiveness of Italian ryegrass as much as wheat in mixed cultures. The ability of Italian ryegrass to compete with wheat when P was limiting may result from a difference in root growth. Italian ryegrass had a greater fresh root length to fresh root weight ratio than did wheat in the low-P treatment in pure culture and in the 50:50 mixture. The greater surface area of Italian ryegrass roots likely enhanced the competitiveness of Italian ryegrass relative to wheat under P-deficit conditions. Thus, the use of the recommended P nutrition from soil testing may be a key component to diminish Italian ryegrass competition in wheat fields. Nomenclature: Italian ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum Lam. LOLMU; wheat, Triticum aestivum L.
Monitoring the Philippine governments implementation of the Platform for Action: focus on legislative initiatives on violence against women in the 10th Congress (1995-1998).

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Platform for Action (PFA) produced during the 1995 Fourth World Conference on Women represents the agreement of governments on the global framework and analyses of 12 identified areas of concerns related to womens empowerment and development. This paper presents the legislative research project of the Center for Legislative Development that used the PFA as a framework for analysis in two ways: 1) in terms of specific actions that the Philippine Government has committed to undertake as outlined in the PFA and 2) with respect to the analysis of the perspective or legislative proposals pending. The study focuses on pending legislative initiatives aimed at addressing various forms of violence against Filipino women and girls such as violence against women in the family prostitution trafficking incest and pornography. Overall this research seeks to demonstrate how the PFA may be used as a framework for monitoring critiquing and advocating for bills and similar governmental instruments that are directed at the elimination of violence against Filipino women and girls.
Identification of irisin immunoreactivity in porcupine(Hystrix cristata)adrenal glands and kidneys

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Irisin, a novel peptide, was initially been shown to be expressed explicitly in the muscle tissues. We studied the presence of irisin immunoreactivity in porcupine adrenal glands and kidneys. Immunocytochemistry showed that irisin was localised both in the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla. In organs, irisin immunoreactivity was found in the tubular and collecting system of the nephron. The functional role of irisin in the adrenal gland and kidney has not been precisely yet. However, irisin might have a paracrine and autocrine function as do other locally produced peptides.
Different Molecular Mechanisms Underlie Ethanol-Induced Bone Loss in Cycling and Pregnant Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Chronic ethanol (EtOH) consumption can result in osteopenia. In the current study, we examined the modulation of EtOH-induced bone loss during pregnancy. Nonpregnant and pregnant dams were intragastrically infused either control or EtOH-containing diets throughout gestation (gestation d 5 through 20 or an equivalent period of 15 d) by total enteral nutrition. The effects of EtOH (8.5 to 14 g/kg/d) on tibial bone mineral density (BMD), mineral content (BMC), and bone mineral area were assessed at gestation d 20 via peripheral quantitative computerized tomography. EtOH caused a dose-dependent decrease in BMD and BMC without affecting bone mineral area. Trabecular BMD and BMC were significantly lower in EtOH-treated, nonpregnant dams, compared with pregnant cohorts at the same infused dose of EtOH and urinary ethanol concentrations. Static histomorphometric analysis of tibiae from pregnant rats after EtOH treatment showed decreased osteoblast and osteoid surface, indicating inhibited bone formation, whereas EtOH-treated cycling rats showed higher osteoclast and eroded surface, indicative of increased bone resorption. Circulating osteocalcin and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were lower in both EtOH-fed nonpregnant and pregnant rats. Gene expression of osteoclast markers, 70 kDa v-ATPase, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase were increased selectively in nonpregnant EtOH-treated rats but not pregnant rats. Moreover, only nonpregnant EtOH-fed rats showed induction in bone marrow receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand mRNA and decreased circulating 17β-estradiol levels. Our data suggest that EtOH-induced bone loss in pregnant rats is mainly due to inhibited bone formation, whereas in nonpregnant rats, the data are consistent with increased osteoclast activation and bone resorption concomitant with decreased estradiol levels.