jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Discussion on Legal Matter of the Company Investment Transfering

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

To transfer the investment is company's inherent right,which manifests the independent personality of the company.The revised corporation law hands over the resolution mechanism of the investment transfering behavior and the amount limit to the articles of the corporation stipulated voluntarily,which implements the company meaning autonomous,and is in keeping with the current tidal of the modern law of corporation development.But there are still some problems about transfering the investment in the stipulation of our country corporation legislated,mainly including: the related extension investment's object,the extension investment formed owns stocks,the information disclose,as well as potency to violate the regulation stipulation extension investment behavior,and so on,which all need further consummation.
Schema modelling for automatic generation of multimedia presentations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Multimedia documents are an effective way to present different kinds of information, since the integration of different media types gives more expressive power and opportunities to catch the user attention. A multimedia report is a multimedia presentation built on a set of data returned by one or more queries to multimedia repositories, integrated according to a schema with appropriate spatial layout and temporal synchronization, and coherently delivered to a user for browsing. We discuss the problem of defining schemas for such multimedia reports with a focus on the media coordination and synchronization constraints. Multimedia presentations can then be automatically generated according to the schema. We have defined an XML language to describe the spatial layout and the temporal constraints of the media objects, together with a visual authoring system helping the user to design the presentation template.
Calculation of the parameters of a low-noise optical traveling-wave amplifier utilizing an He-Xe mixture

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A calculation is made of the parameters of an optical quantum amplifier utilizing a xenon transition (λ = 3.51 μ) in an He-Xe mixture. The shape of the signal beam is the same as the diffraction mode configuration, which should ensure a detectivity of 1017–1018 Hz1/2W–1 and a gain of ≈107. The case of gain saturation by the input signal is considered.
Distinct Characteristics Between Perivascular and Subcutaneous Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) can differentiate into vascular lineages and participate in vascular remodeling. Perivascular ADSCs (PV-ADSCs) draw attention because of their unique location. The heterogeneity of subcutaneous (SUB) and abdominal ADSCs were well addressed, but PV-ADSCs’ heterogeneity has not been investigated. In this study, we applied single-cell analysis to compare SUB-ADSCs and PV-ADSCs regarding their subpopulations, functions, and cell fates. We uncovered four subpopulations of PV-ADSCs (Dpp4+, Col4a2+/Icam1+, Clec11a+/Cpe+, and Sult1e1+ cells), among which the Clec11a+ subpopulation potentially participated in and regulated PV-ADSC differentiation toward a smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotype. Distinct characteristics between PV-ADSCs and SUB-ADSCs were revealed.
LGBT Taxpayers: A Collision of 'Others'

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

13 Georgetown Journal of Gender and the Law 1 (2012)In this essay prepared for a symposium on the intersection of tax law with gender and sexuality, I explore the violent collision of these two concepts - or, more appropriately, these two "others." I begin my exploration of this collision of "others" by first explaining how the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community is a marginalized "other" in American society while, in contrast, tax is a privileged "other" in the realm of American law. Then, I turn to a close examination of a recent case, O'Donnabhain v. Commissioner, to illustrate the collision of the otherness of LGBT individuals with the otherness of tax. This case, which concerns the propriety of a transgender person's medical expense deduction for costs related to sex reassignment surgery, exemplifies the originary violence that is, as we speak, hewing the concepts of tax and sexual and gender identity to create a point of intersection at which these concepts can, in the future, again and again violently collide with each other.
Long-term outcomes of patients admitted to an intensive care unit with intentional self-harm

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Self-harm is one of the most common reasons for admission to an intensive care unit (ICU). While most patients with self-harm survive the ICU admission, little is known about their outcomes after hospital discharge. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients in the Barwon region in Victoria admitted to the ICU with self-harm (between 1998 and 2018) who survived to hospital discharge. The primary objective was to determine mortality after hospital discharge, and secondarily estimate relative survival, years of potential life lost, cause of death and factors associated with death. Over the 20-year study period, there were 710 patients in the cohort. The median patient age was 37 years (interquartile range (IQR) 26–48 years). A total of 406 (57%) were female, and 527 (74%) had a prior psychiatric diagnosis. The incidence of ICU admission increased over time (incidence rate ratio 1.05; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.06 per annum). There were 105 (15%) patients who died after hospital discharge. Relative survival decreased each year after discharge, with the greatest decrement during the first 12 months. At ten years, relative survival was 0.85 (95% CI 0.81–0.88). The median years of potential life lost was 35 (IQR 22–45). Cause of death was self-harm in 27%, possible self-harm in 32% and medical disease in 41%. The only factors associated with mortality were male sex, older age and re-admission to ICU with self-harm. Further population studies are required to confirm these findings, and to understand what interventions may improve long-term survival in this relatively young group of critically ill patients.
Measurement and reduction of occupational exposure to inhaled anaesthetics.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The occupational exposure of hospital staff to inhaled anaesthetics was investigated using a personal sampling device that provides a measure of the average concentrations breathed by a person over a period of time, as distinct from the spot sampling in the general environment. The anaesthetist's average exposure to nitrous oxide and halothane during complete operating sessions was twice that expected from simple dilution of the escaping gases by the operating room ventilation. The sampling technique was also used to evaluate the effect of (1) redirection of the waste gas outflow; (2) active scavenging connected to the piped vacuum system. Short-period studies under controlled conditions in the operating theatres and anaesthesia induction rooms showed that the anaesthetist's exposure could be reduced two- or fourfold by redirecting the outflow and another four- to sixfold by active scavenging. Exposures during complete operating sessions were reduced two- to seven-fold by scavenging.
SCHUBERT CENTENARY GRAMOPHONE RECORDINGS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article SCHUBERT CENTENARY GRAMOPHONE RECORDINGS Get access S. G. S. G. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Music and Letters, Volume IX, Issue 4, October 1928, Pages 404–406, https://doi.org/10.1093/ml/IX.4.404 Published: 01 October 1928
Thermotolerance in a spider mite: implications in disinfestation treatment

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Tetranychus ludeni Zacher is a European spider mite species and an important invasive pest in horticulture. We investigated the effects of hot air on its survival and reproduction, providing knowledge for development of disinfestation programs using heat. We tested how each life stage responded to heat treatments of five air temperatures (45 to 57°C) and five exposure durations (three to 15 hours). We showed that no eggs hatched after exposed to 45°C for ≥ 15 hours, 48°C for ≥ 12 hours, or 51°C for three hours; no adults survived 51°C or 54°C for ≥12 hours or 57°C for ≥ six hours, and heat tolerance of other life stages fell in between. Higher temperature and longer exposure time also reduced developmental success and fecundity. These findings suggest that we may be able to eradicate the mites of all stages using one hot air treatment at 57°C for six hours or two treatments at 51°C for three hours at a 10-day interval to kill all eggs in the first treatment and those laid by survived adults in the second. The eradication strategy using hot air of 51–57°C may be more suitable for treating plant residues on exported/imported machinery, farm equipment and containers because it may have negative impact on fresh postharvest products. With the knowledge that exposure to 45°C substantially reduced the mites’ fecundity, particularly when the younger stages were treated, we suggest that heat treatment of fresh postharvest products with 45°C could still greatly reduce the quarantine risk of this pest.
Power Relations and Social Interactions among Ibadan Slaves, 1850-1900

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Research on slavery in Yorubaland has progressed rather slowly. Discussion on Yoruba society and the trans-Atlantic slave trade has been very brief,' and only Adeniyi Oroge has examined at some length the institution of domestic slavery with reference mainly to the nineteenth century.2 Several questions are yet to be posed, such as the precise impact of the trans-Atlantic slave trade on different communities and socio-political institutions and the nature of domestic slavery before, during and after the trans-Atlantic slave trade. There are also no studies on the Yoruba region which have benefited from the empirical and theoretical insights provided in recent works by Paul E. Lovejoy and a few others.3 More important, studies on Yoruba domestic slavery have concentrated on the relationship between slaves and their masters, with the primary motivation of showing the differences between the mild African system and European chattel slavery.4 There has never been an attempt, as is done in this article, to examine the relationships which existed among Yoruba slaves. This is crucial both for the understanding of master-slave relations, which have been treated in very static analysis, and for a further understanding of class relations as well as the flexibility in class structure. The dearth of data constitutes the greatest limitation to the present study. The difficulties of investigating social history in precolonial Africa are already well known. The problems become acute when slavery is being examined. In the case of Yorubaland during the nineteenth century, contemporary written sources composed mostly by European missionaries, traders, and British officials are mainly descriptions of how slaves were treated and the few rights they enjoyed. Most of the writers had little or no contact with slaves. Missionaries and travellers, for instance, were more interested in dialogue with the political elite than with slaves, and the avenues for them to interact with slaves were few. Missionaries had more opportunities for contact than any other group, since they settled in some towns and hoped to draw converts from among the people. Missionaries were, however, more interested in the urgent task of evangelization than in the less rewarding task of recording for posterity detailed information on slavery, an institution they despised.
Learning and Representation of Declarative Memories by Single Neurons in the Human Brain

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Episodic memories allow us to remember not only that we have seen an item before but also where and when we have seen it (context). Neurons in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) are critically involved in the acquisition of such memories. Since events happen only once, the ability to distinguish novel from familiar stimuli is crucial in order to rapidly encode such events after a single exposure. Theoretically, this is a hard learning problem (single-trial learning). Yet, successful detection of novelty is necessary for many types of learning. During retrieval, we can sometimes confidently report that we have seen something (familiarity) but cannot recollect where or when it was seen. Thus episodic memories have several components which can be recalled selectively. We recorded single neurons and local field potentials in the human hippocampus, amygdala, and anterior cingulate cortex while subjects remembered, and later retrieved, the identity and location of pictures shown. We describe two classes of neurons that exhibit such single-trial learning: novelty and familiarity detectors, which show a selective increase in firing for new and old stimuli, respectively. The neurons retain memory for the stimulus for at least 24 h. During retrieval, these neurons distinguish stimuli that will be successfully recollected from stimuli that will not be recollected. Similarly, they distinguish between failed and successful recognition. Pictures which were forgotten by the patient still evoked a non-zero response. Thus, their response can be different from the decision of the patient. Also, we demonstrate that listening to these neurons (during retrieval) enables a simple decoder to outperform the patient (i.e., it forgets fewer pictures). These data support a continuous strength of memory model of MTL function: the stronger the neuronal response, the better the memory (as opposed to a dual-process model). I also describe specific power increases in specific frequencies of the local field potential that are predictive of later retrieval success. These neural signatures, recorded during learning, thus indicate whether plasticity was successful or not.
Trademarks and Consumer Search Costs on the Internet

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In theory, trademarks serve as information tools, by conveying productinformation through convenient, identifiable symbols. In practice, however,trademarks have increasingly been used to obstruct the flow of informationabout competing products and services. In the online context, inparticular, some courts have recently allowed trademark holders to blockuses of their marks that would never have raised an eyebrow in abrick-and-mortar setting - uses that increase, rather than diminish, theflow of truthful, relevant information to consumers. These courts havestretched trademark doctrine on more than one dimension, both by expandingthe concept of actionable "confusion" and by broadening the classes ofpeople who can face legal responsibility for that confusion. And they havebased their decisions not on the normative goals of trademark law, but onunexplored instincts and tenuous presumptions about consumer expectationsand practices on the Internet. We argue that this expansionist trend inInternet trademark cases threatens to undermine a central goal of theLanham Act - to promote fair and robust competition through reducingconsumer search costs.
Anti-malarial activity of traditional Kampo medicine Coptis rhizome extract and its major active compounds

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Herbal medicine has been a rich source of new drugs exemplified by quinine and artemisinin. In this study, a variety of Japanese traditional herbal medicine (' Kampo ') were examined for their potential anti-malarial activities. Methods A comprehensive screening methods were designed to identify novel anti-malarial drugs from a library of Kampo herbal extracts (n = 120) and related compounds (n = 96). The anti-malarial activity was initially evaluated in vitro against chloroquine/mefloquine-sensitive (3D7) and-resistant (Dd2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum . The cytotoxicity was also evaluated using primary adult mouse brain cells. After being selected through the first in vitro assay, positive extracts and compounds were examined for possible in vivo anti-malarial activity. Results Out of 120 herbal extracts, Coptis rhizome showed the highest anti-malarial activity (IC 50 1.9 µg/mL of 3D7 and 4.85 µg/mL of Dd2) with a high selectivity index (SI) > 263 (3D7) and > 103 (Dd2). Three major chlorinated compounds (coptisine, berberine, and palmatine) related to Coptis rhizome also showed anti-malarial activities with IC 50 1.1, 2.6, and 6.0 µM (against 3D7) and 3.1, 6.3, and 11.8 µM (against Dd2), respectively. Among them, coptisine chloride exhibited the highest anti-malarial activity (IC 50 1.1 µM against 3D7 and 3.1 µM against Dd2) with SI of 37.8 and 13.2, respectively. Finally, the herbal extract of Coptis rhizome and its major active compound coptisine chloride exhibited significant anti-malarial activity in mice infected with Plasmodium yoelii 17X strain with respect to its activity on parasite suppression consistently from day 3 to day 7 post-challenge. The effect ranged from 50.38 to 72.13% (P < 0.05) for Coptis rhizom e and from 81 to 89% (P < 0.01) for coptisine chloride. Conclusion Coptis rhizome and its major active compound coptisine chloride showed promising anti-malarial activity against chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and -resistant (Dd2) strains in vitro as well as in vivo mouse malaria model. Thus, Kampo herbal medicine is a potential natural resource for novel anti-malarial agents.
Islet Transplantation in Type 1 Diabetes (CIT-07) and Extended Follow Up after Islet Transplantation in Type 1 Diabetes (CIT-08)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

CIT-07: The purpose of this study is to determine the safety and effectiveness of islet transplantation, combined with immunosuppressive medications, for treating type 1 diabetes in individuals experiencing hypoglycemia unawareness and severe hypoglycemic episodes. CIT-08: The purpose of this protocol is to collect long-term follow-up information on the safety and efficacy of islet transplantation in CIT subjects after their completion in their CIT parent study.
Quality of Newspaper Reporting of Suicide in Kashmir: Adherence to World Health Organization Guidelines

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Sensible media reporting of suicide is one of the important prevention strategies. However, there has been no report assessing the quality of media reporting of suicide in Kashmir, India.Aim: We aimed to assess the quality of newspaper reporting of suicide in Kashmir, India against the World Health Organization (WHO) reporting guidelines.Methods: We searched the available contents in four English and two Urdu newspapers of Jammu Kashmir and assessed the adherence to the WHO media guidelines. We collected the reports between 25 January 2016 and 18 September 2020.Results: A total of 152 reports were scrutinized. Almost all the reports mentioned the name of the person and the method of suicide (99.34%), occupation (85.53%) of the person. The life events were mentioned in 35.53% of the reports. Among the reports, 38.82% explained suicide on the basis of the mono-causality, and 3.95% mentioned suicide notes. Only 3.29% of reports had traced mental illness, and none of the reports mentioned evidence of substance abuse. Only three reports mentioned expert opinion, and none of the reports mentioned any research findings, statistics, prevention programs, educational information, and contact information for help.Conclusion: The study revealed that news reports of suicide in Kashmir adhere poorly to the WHO media reporting guidelines. Identifying information of the deceased was explicitly mentioned in almost every report while almost none of the reports mentioned educational information.
Fabrication of renewable palm-pruning leaves based nano-composite for remediation of heavy metals pollution

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The palm-pruning leaves considered as valuable source for low cost adsorbent materials. Such application, enhance the environmental conditions by reducing the bad effects from un-managed palm-pruning leaves such as spreading insects. Herein, the palm-pruning leaves were treated with by water and acid washing to produce cleaned palm leaves (CPL) and then impregnation with iron(III) chloride and thermally treated to produce palm leaves/iron oxide- nanocomposite (PL/IO-NC). The prepared materials were applied for adsorption of some toxic metal ions from solutions. The original palm-pruning leaves as well as the treated adsorbent were characterized by SEM, EDS, FTIR, XRD. Results showed the formation of spots iron oxide nanoparticles onto the palm-pruning leaves. The efficiency of the treated adsorbent for uptake of Mn(II), Co(II) and Pb(II) was studied in term of kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic to optimize and evaluate the effectiveness of the palm-pruning leaves treatment. The adsorption data was found to be more comfortable with Second order kinetic-model while the isotherm of Langmuir wasn’t suitable and the adsorption data was in agreement with Freundlich assumption. The values of ΔG° in the range (−5.8 to −3.5 kJ/mol) for Mn(II), (−4.2 to −2.1 kJ/mol) for Co(II), (−3.4 to −2.3 kJ/mol) for Pb(II), confirm the confirm the spontaneous and physical nature of the adsorption process. Keywords: Palm-pruning leaves, Nano composite, Manganese, Cobalt, Lead, ICPMS
Role of Vyaghri Haritaki Avaleha and Anu Taila Nasya in the management of Dushta Pratishyaya (Chronic Sinusitis)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chronic sinusitis-rhinosinusiis affects 5-15 % of the urban population. The prevalence of sinusitis (146/1000 population) has been reported to exceed that of any other chronic condition. The features of the disease Dushta Pratishyaya in general are similar to that of chronic sinusitis (rhinosinustis) in modern science. The study was planned to evaluate the role of Vyaghri Haritaki Avaleha and Anutaila Nasya in the management of Dushta Pratishyaya (Chronic Sinusitis). Total 30 patients having classical sign and symptoms of Dushta Pratishyaya (Chronic Sinusitis) were registered and were randomly divided into two groups (Group A- Vyaghri Haritaki Avaleha and Anutaila Nasya, Group B- Vyaghri Haritaki Avaleha). The patients were given Vyaghri Haritaki Avaleha for the duration of two months and Anutaila Nasya in 3 sittings of seven days in each with the interval of seven days. Total 26 patients completed the treatment, 13 in each. Obtained data was statistically analyzed with the help of student â€˜tâ€™ test. The study reveals that in both the groups no patient was totally cured. 46.15 % and 53.85 % patients got marked relief, 38.46 % and 23.08 % patients got moderate relief, 15.38% and 23.08 % patients got mild relief in signs and symptoms of the disease in Group A and B respectively. None of the patients remained unchanged.Â Â
VII. The therapy of biological agents and bronchial thermoplasty in asthma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

喘息の気道炎症の病態解明が進み，フェノタイプやエンドタイプによる層別化が行われ，重症喘息に対する生物学的製剤による治療が行われている．2009年に抗IgE（immunoglobulin E）抗体が最初に認可され，その後，好酸球性喘息に対して抗IL（interleukin）-5抗体や抗IL-5受容体α抗体が使用可能となり，非薬物療法である気管支熱形成術（気管支サーモプラスティ，bronchial thermoplasty：BT）も導入された．新たな生物学的製剤の有効性が次々に示され，重症喘息の治療の幅がさらに広がることが期待される．