jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Residues Detection of Dehydroacetic Acid in Chicken Tissues by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method was established to determine the residues of dehydroacetic acid(DHA)in chicken tissues.The tissue samples(muscle,liver and kidney)were extracted with acetonitrile,liquid-liquid extraction by hexane,purified by PAX solid phase extraction column.A C18 column with ultraviolet absorption detection at 290 nm,using methanol-water which includes 0.02% ammonium acetate(20/80,v/v)as eluent was used in HPLC.A linear calibration curve with coefficient relation(R2≥0.9996)in the range of 0.2 to 5.0 mg/L of DHA concentration was made.When DHA was added to tissues at dose of 0.5,1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg,the average recoveries in different tissues were ranged from 68.28% to 93.49%,with CV% ranged from 3.38% to 7.94% within-day and 4.31% to 7.80% between-day.The limit of detection and limit of quantitation of DHA were observed at 0.1 mg/kg and 0.2 mg/kg respectively.The established method was suitable for the determination of DHA residues in animal foods,be also useful to the investigation of DHA depletion,the maximum residue limit and its withdraw time.
Reply: A Structured Facial Feminization Fresh Tissue Surgical Simulation Laboratory Improves Trainee Confidence and Knowledge

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Sir: We would like to thank Frendø et al. for their thoughtful response to our study entitled “A Structured Facial Feminization Fresh Tissue Surgical Simulation Laboratory Improves Trainee Confidence and Knowledge.”1 Frendø et al. raise concerns regarding the methodologies utilized in the study and, rightly so, advocate for the utilization of evidence-based learning practices in medical and surgical education. We acknowledge that self-assessments are subjective and may not accurately evaluate trainees’ skills.2 We also agree that it is expected for the lecture to have improved participants’ knowledge of facial feminization surgery, and therefore administering knowledge-based tests may seem unnecessary. However, we utilized such tests to objectively demonstrate that lectures serve as useful supplementations to surgical simulations. Lectures and surgical simulations have become increasingly important due to the imposition of work-hour restrictions for medical trainees3 and, more recently, as a consequence of the coronavirus disease of 2019 pandemic, which will likely impact surgical trainee experience.4 Trainee experience in gender-affirming surgeries is becoming more essential as the frequency of such surgeries is growing as a result of increased social and political support for transgender rights. Just recently, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Title VII of Civil Rights Act of 1964 protects transgender employees from discrimination based on sex, marking a milestone for transgender rights. Despite an increase in support for the transgender community and gender-affirming surgeries, formal training of residents in transgender health remains limited in many specialties, including plastic surgery. Without such education, residents and physicians may not be ready to address the health inequities faced by this traditionally marginalized and underserved population.5 While the results of this study may be limited, the utility of a structured training course in a relatively new and rapidly growing field in plastic and craniofacial surgery, where exposure is limited, is not. Incorporation of surgical simulations such as the one described in this study into the curriculum will help promote residents’ knowledge and, potentially, skills relevant to transgender health. We will continue to promote trainee education in this important field and look forward to future works from the plastic surgery community. Sri Harshini Malapati, B.S.Justine C. Lee, M.D., Ph.D.Miles J. Pfaff, M.D., M.H.S.Division of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity of California, Los Angeles David Geffen School of MedicineLos Angeles, Calif.
THE ESTABLISHMENT AND COMPARATIVE WEAR RESISTANCE OF VARIOUS GRASSES AND GRASS-LEGUME MIXTURES TO VEHICULAR TRAFFIC

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

IN AN ATTEMPT TO MEASURE THE COMPARATIVE WEAR RESISTANCE OF GRASSES AND GRASS-LEGUME MIXTURES, TRAFFIC WAS APPLIED TO A SERIES OF PLOTS WHICH HAD BEEN ESTABLISHED IN 1943 AND 1944. THE GRASSES AND LEGUMES PLANTED WERE SELECTED ON THE BASIS OF THEIR POTENTIAL VALUE IN PRODUCING WEAR RESISTANT SODS ON AIRFIELDS AND HIGHWAY RIGHT-OF-WAY. SEEDINGS WERE MADE IN APRIL, JUNE, AUGUST, AND OCTOBER OF EACH YEAR IN ORDER TO DETERMINE THE OPTIMUM TIME OF PLANTING. SEEDINGS MADE IN APRIL, AUGUST, AND OCTOBER WERE SUPERIOR TO THE JUNE SEEDINGS AND PRODUCED AN AVERAGE OF ABOUT 18 PERCENT MORE GROUND COVER THAN DID THE LATTER. THE OCTOBER SEEDINGS PERFORMED AS DORMANT SEEDINGS AND PRODUCED COVER THE FOLLOWING SPRING. SEEDING IN EXCESS OF FORTY (40) POUNDS PER ACRE DID NOT APPEAR TO BE JUSTIFIED AS MEASURED BY THE QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF THE SOD PRODUCED. BEFORE THE APPLICATION OF WHEELED TRAFFIC EACH PLOT WAS EVALUATED ON THE BASIS OF PERCENTAGE OF EXISTING COVER AND ITS COMPOSITION. ALL PLOTS WERE SUBJECTED TO TRAFFIC WITH A PASSENGER CAR WEIGHING 3,300 POUNDS. A TRUCK WEIGHING 40,000 POUNDS WAS USED ON THE APRIL AND JUNE SEEDINGS OF THE 1943 SERIES. KENTUCKY AND CANADA BLUEGRASS AND CHEWINGS, SHEEP AND TALL FESCUE PRODUCED THE MOST WEAR RESISTANT TURFS. WHERE ADAPTED, THESE GRASSES SHOULD BE GIVEN FIRST CONSIDERATION FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF AIRFIELDS AND HIGHWAY RIGHTS-OF-WAYS. THE BLUEGRASSES RECOVERED FROM INTENSIVE WEAR MORE RAPIDLY THAN DID THE FESCUES. ORCHARD GRASS, TIMOTHY, AND BROMEGRASS WERE THE SLOWEST TO RE- ESTABLISH A SATISFACTORY COVER. /AUTHOR/
Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma Transformation to B-cell Prolymphocytic Leukemias: An Extremely Unusual Event

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL) is a rare disease, accounting for approximately 1% of lymphocytic leukemias. To our best knowledge, prolymphocytic transformation from lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma has not been previously reported. Here we report a case of a 76-year-old male patient with a history of Waldenström macroglobulinemia diagnosed in 2011 and was treated with fludarabine, Cytoxan, and rituximab. He was in clinical remission for 5 years, and in 2016, he presented with diffuse lymphadenopathy involving superficial lymph nodes, axial skeleton system, and diffuse bulky abdominal and pelvic lymph nodes with hepatosplenomegaly. Biopsy of superficial lymph nodes showed low-grade B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder with plasmacytic differentiation that was negative for CD5, CD23, and LEF-1 by immunohistochemistry. MYD88 mutation was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), consistent with lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Two months later, bone marrow aspiration and biopsy showed B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder in a nodular and interstitial pattern of infiltration, with increased prolymphocytes involving 50% to 60% of a hypercellular marrow. No increased plasma cells or evidence of a monoclonal plasma cell population were detected. Peripheral blood showed numerous circulating lymphoma cells, many of which had a centrally placed nucleolus suggestive of prolymphocytes. An IgM kappa-restricted band was noted by electrophoresis and immunofixation performed on serum, urine, and CSF. Bone marrow FISH analysis showed loss of one copy of 13q14 signal in 17 of 300 cells (5.7%) and loss of one copy of the 17p13.1 signal in 127 of 300 cells (42.3%). He was resistant to chemotherapy and developed dysphagia, aspiration pneumonia, and subsequent candidemia with ensuing multiorgan failure. The patient died shortly thereafter. In summary, this is the first case report for a lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma transformation to B-PLL, a dire condition resistant to chemotherapy and with a median survival of 30 to 50 months. Deletion in 17p13 is detected in 50% of cases and associated with TP53 mutation.
Human Parvovirus 4 in Kidney Transplant Patients, France

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor: Human parvovirus 4 (PARV4) is a recently identified virus, distantly related to already known members of the family Parvoviridae that affect humans and animals. Initially, PARV4 was characterized in the blood of a North American patient who had acute viral syndrome; a sequence-independent amplification approach was used (1). Molecular analysis of the viral prototype genome (5,268 nt) identified 2 large, nonoverlapping open reading frames (ORFs) and showed limited homology with human parvovirus B19 (<30% aa similarity). Subsequent phylogenetic analyses have shown that at least 2 genotypes are identifiable, differing by ≈8% at the nucleotide level (2).
Recipe Recommendation Using Image Classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As the digital era develops, smart food technologies are more in demand because they make meal planning and preparation simpler and more enjoyable. Recipe recommendation systems have become widespread in order to provide clients with customized recipe recommendations based on their dietary preferences, level of cooking proficiency, and availability of ingredients. On the other hand, the majority of recipe recommendation systems rely on textual inputs or pre-defined categories of ingredients, which might not accurately reflect what the user has in their pantry. This research study proposes a recipe suggestion system based on user-provided images of readily available ingredients that combine image recognition and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). It will recommend recipes based on the image provided. This will make finding recipes more quick and simple than it would otherwise be. In this instance, text-to-speech guided technology is used so that the user can just replay the procedure as needed rather than reading it repeatedly. This research work will include additional elements like redirecting to a grocery cart by clicking a link. This concept will be very helpful to those who don't know what to cook. Thanks to this initiative, users won't have to waste time thinking about the recipes.
Combined Structural and Voltage Control of Giant Nonlinearities in Semiconductor Superlattices

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Recent studies have predicted a strong increase in high harmonic emission in unbiased semiconductor superlattices due to asymmetric current flow. In parallel, an external static bias has led to orders of magnitude control of high harmonics. Here, we study how this control can affect the operation of superlattice multipliers in a range of input frequencies and powers delivered by commercially available GHz sources. We show that the strongly nonlinear behavior can lead to a very complex scenario. Furthermore, it is natural to ask what happens when we combine both asymmetry and voltage control effects. This question is answered by the simulations presented in this study. The efficiency of high-order even harmonics is increased by the combined effects. Furthermore, the development of ‘petals’ in high-order emission is shown to be more easily achieved, opening the possibility to very interesting fundamental physics studies and more efficient devices for the GHz–THz range.
Influence of Hall current effect on hybrid nanofluid flow over a slender stretching sheet with zero nanoparticle flux

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The present article explores steady, incompressible, and electrically conducting viscous hybrid‐nanofluid flow through an impermeable slender stretching sheet. We have opted for water (H 2 O) as base fluid and two nanoparticles namely Al 2 O 3 and graphene for the hybrid‐nanofluid. The consequence of nonuniform magnetic field and Hall current is accounted for in the flow distribution. Zero mass‐flux boundary conditions have been included here. The leading partial differential equations of the acknowledged model revise to similarity variables. Next, the subsequent equations are numerically solved by a shooting scheme based on Runge–Kutta fourth‐order procedure. The consequences of boosting flow factors on transport systems are achieved accurately through the requisite figures and charts. Concentration outlines are dual in nature when the wall‐thickness factor intensifies. The rate of heat and mass transmit augments with wall‐thickness factor.
Using a computer-based multimedia culture mindmap as an instructional module for efl reading comprehension and vocabulary: the effect on student achievement among college freshmen in taiwan (china)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to examine whether a computer-based multimedia instructional module that integrated mindmapping on foreign language culture reading enhanced student knowledge of cultural context and vocabulary among Taiwanese college students when compared to the traditional instruction.
A quasi-experimental research design was employed for this study. A pretest and posttest instrument on knowledge of cultural context and vocabulary was utilized for with the treatment and control groups. The treatment group received a computer-based multimedia instructional module that integrated mindmapping on foreign culture reading lesson while the control group received the lecture-based traditional instruction. Descriptive statistics and a one-way ANOVA were applied to analyze data for both groups.
The results indicated that the use of a computer-based multimedia instructional module that integrated mindmapping on foreign culture reading as a treatment had a significant difference in student performance on cultural context knowledge, and had no significant difference in student performance on cultural vocabulary knowledge when compared to the traditional instruction.
The Study of the Surface Electroclinic Effect Using Different Aligning Materials

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The surface electroclinic effect in sandwich cells was investigated using two aligning materials: nylon and polyimide. The deviation angle of the smectic layer normal from the rubbing direction is much larger (∼ 20°) in the nylon cell than that (∼ 12°) in the polyimide cell. Meanwhile, it is found that the surface electric field to cause the surface electroclinic effect can affect the bulk property even in the SmA phase. It seems to act as a dc bias field to the soft mode.
El Derecho de la globalización: una propuesta conceptual y axiológica para la nueva realidad jurídica

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Law is going through a time full of material and formal, technical and substantive transformations as an effect of the action of a set of legal and extra-legal factors and phenomena that are known as globalization. Therefore, the classical legal culture makes space for a new one that necessarily brings with it the reconsideration and reformulation of some concepts. Notions such as sovereignty, State, Constitution or human rights are subjected to tensions inherent to the current global context and the legal and social dilemmas that it entails. The objective of the present work is to describe the contemporary legal horizon in the light of some of the most prominent contemporary French and German jurists and philosophers. Such conceptual considerations are accompanied both by terminological proposals with which it is intended to name the new realities and some contributions of ethical content such as, the need for a legal humanism or the elaboration of a mixed theory of rights and duties founded on a principle of responsibility capable of transcending mere reciprocity.
Effects of STAT3 Gene Silencing by ShRNA on Human Colorectal Cancer Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective To construct eukaryotic expression vectors of RNA interference of STAT3 gene and to investigate the effects of STAT3 expressing interference on proliferation of human colorectal cancer HT-29 cells.Methods Three sequences of siRNA targeting STAT3 gene were found from GenBank.The complementary DNA containing both sene and antisene Oligo DNA of the targeting sequence was designed,synthesized and cloned into the pRNAT-U6.1/Neo vector.The recombinant plasmids were conformed by PCR and the DNA sequence ana-lysis.HT-29 cells were transfected with the recombinant plasmids,and Real time quantitative PCR、Western-blot were used to certify the expression of STAT3 gene.In the transfected group with the best recombinant plasmid,the cell growth was assessed by MTT assay and the cell cycle distribution was detected by flow cytometry.Results PCR and the DNA sequence analysis demonstrated that the eukaryotic expression vectors of RNA interference of STAT3 gene were constructed successfully.STAT3 shRNA could inhibit the expression of STAT3 gene in HT-29 cells.In the transfected group with the best recombinant plasmid,MTT assay showed that the proliferation of HT-29 cells was suppressed and FCM assay indicated the proportion of cells at G0/G1 and S phase was (74.80±1.85)% and (15.72±2.26)% respectively,which was great different from that in the control group(P0.01).Conclusion STAT3 targeting shRNA can silence the STAT3 gene remarkably and induce HT-29 cell growth inhibition.
Task-Specific Perceived Harmfulness Predicts Protective Movement Behaviour in Chronic Low Back Pain

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background/Objectives: There is emerging evidence that task-specific pain-related psychological measures may better predict movement behaviour in chronic low back pain (CLBP) than general pain-related psychological measures. Currently, little is known regarding the prediction of movement duration and movement velocity. Methods: Baseline data from a previously published randomized controlled trial were used (clinicaltrials.gov NCT02773160). Fifty-five patients with CLBP and 54 pain-free persons performed a lifting task while kinematic measurements were obtained to calculate movement velocity of the L1 vertebra, S1 vertebra, and the lumbar spine, as well as the time to complete the lifting task. Scores on the Photograph Daily Activities Series-Short Electronic Version (PHODA-SeV), Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), and its Activity Avoidance and Somatic Focus subscales were used as general pain-related psychological measures. The score on a picture of the PHODA-SeV, showing a person lifting an object with a bent back (PHODA-Lift), was used as task-specific measure of perceived harmfulness. Results: The task-specific measure best predicted movement duration and movement velocity of L1 and the lumbar spine, and explained 35%, 19%, and 25% of the respective movement parameters. Although general perceived harmfulness predicted S1 velocity and movement duration, it only explained 6% and 8% of the respective movement parameters. General measures of pain-related fear were not predictive for any of the movement parameters. It took patients with CLBP significantly longer to complete the lifting task when compared to the pain-free participants (ES = 1.01, p < 0.0001), and patients with CLBP also moved significantly slower at L1 (ES = 0.85, p < 0.0001) and the lumbar spine (ES = 1.01, p < 0.0001). These between-groups differences were larger for CLBP subgroups with higher scores on the PHODA-Lift, and to some extent for subgroups with higher total scores on the PHODA-SeV. Conclusions: Task-specific perceived harmfulness best predicts movement velocity. General pain-related fear measures (i.e., TSK and its subscales) do not predict these movement parameters.
High-efficient electroabsorption modulator to generate 20 6Hz-3.6 ps transform-limited optical pulses

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we report on stable generation of optical short pulses using the highly-efficient InGaAsP electroabsorption (EA) modulators with a very high figure of merit of 35 GHz/V. EA modulators have multiple quantum wells (MQW) as absorption layers designed not only for high extinction ratios but also for polarization independence at a target wavelength range of 1550-1570 nm. The MQW layers consist of seven l0-nm-thick InGaAsP wells.
Aspects of the development of yolk spheres in the hen’s oöcyte, studied by electron microscopy

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Yolk-sphere formation in the hen’s oöcyte has been studied by electron microscopy using the following stages: Balbiani body present, Balbiani body dispersed, large vesicles visible, well-defined yolk present. A detailed description is given of each stage. Raw materials from which the yolk is formed appear to enter the oöcyte in two ways. The first is probably by pinocytosis, the second by specialized pieces of follicle cell apparently becoming engulfed by the oöcyte. These pieces of follicle cell have been described in detail elsewhere under the name of ‘lining bodies’. Prior to yolk formation the mitochondria and Golgi bodies migrate to the periphery of the oöcyte, the numbers of free lipid drops in the cytoplasm become reduced and two new structures appear in the oöcyte. These are respectively electron-dense particles measuring 300 Å in diameter and specialized structures that may be termed ‘yolk spindles ‘. The latter are about 700 Å in T.S. and contain within them a rod that is about 50 Å in diameter. The yolk spheres develop from large, membrane-bounded vesicles that appear in the ooplasm. There is no direct evidence as to the origin of these vesicles though several alternative suggestions are made. Yolk spindles cluster around some of the large vesicles and appear to become incorporated into them. It is suggested that the yolk spindles influence the large vesicles to transform into primary yolk spheres, though the mechanism is not understood. As the large vesicles become recognizable as primordial yolk spheres, they acquire osmiophilic subdroplets as well as more granular material. Frequently they also contain many 300 Å dense particles, as well as degenerating lining bodies. The mechanism by which these materials enter the primordial yolk spheres is unknown. Each yolk sphere within the oöcyte is surrounded by a well-defined unit membrane. By the time the egg is laid, however, it has become difficult to demonstrate this membrane. It is suggested in this paper that the unit membrane of the yolk sphere retains its normal appearance so long as it remains in contact with living cytoplasmic structures. This contact is retained only until the oöcyte is about 2·5 mm in diameter, for at about that time the nucleus and cytoplasmic components stream up to the animal pole where they remain.