jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Waiting for the next winter. Outpatient pediatric visits for respiratory infections before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic in the city of Buenos Aires

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, pediatric visits due to acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) decreased, but most reports are from hospitalized patients. There is little information on this phenomenon in outpatients, who are the majority in IRABs. We evaluated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ALRIs related outpatient visits in the City of Buenos Aires. Methods: Observational study including all outpatient visits of children under 2 years of age to the public health system of the City of Buenos Aires, between Jan 01, 2018 and Dec 31, 2022. We estimated the total number visits and the ALRIs-related visits, and their distribution throughout the study period. Results: A total of 704,426 visits were registered, 7.38% of them due to ALRIs. ALRIs-related visits decreased from the implementation of a national lockdown (2020) and increased again as the restriction measures decreased, particularly the return to full school attendance (2021). In general, the proportion of ALRIs-related vists was significantly higher in the cold months than in the warm ones (9.8% vs. 5.5%; OR: 1.76, 95%CI: 1.73-1.79; p<0.001). This difference was observed before (2018, 2019) and after the pandemic (2022), but not in 2020-2021. The peak of ALRIs-related visits occurred in the cold months in pre-pandemic years (2018-2019), did not appear in 2020, reappeared delayed in 2021 and recovered seasonality in 2022. Conclusion: Outpatient ALRIs-related visits decreased significantly in the city of Buenos Aires during the COVID-19 pandemic and currently seem to have recovered their magnitude and seasonality.
The parasitological and serological prevalence of tsetse-transmitted bovine trypanosomosis in the Eastern Caprivi (Caprivi district, Namibia)

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. \nAdobe Acrobat v.9 was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.
RECEPTOR DESTRUCTION BY VIRUSES OF THE MUMPS-NDV-INFLUENZA GROUP

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A strain each of mumps and Newcastle disease virus and five strains of influenza virus were found to be capable of removing all the receptors for this group of viruses from fowl red cells. Five virus strains were tested for their capacity to inactivate the virus hemagglutinin of human plasma and of egg white. In the case of egg white all strains including mumps and Newcastle disease virus inactivated the inhibitor completely, or nearly so. With plasma the influenza strains inactivated the inhibitor completely but mumps and NDV destroyed only that portion of the complex which effected mumps inhibition. The inhibitor for some strains was destroyed more rapidly than that for others and the sequence in which they were destroyed (inhibitor gradient) was similar, regardless of the strain employed. The inhibitor gradient for egg white was very different from that for plasma and these in turn differed significantly from the receptor gradient for fowl red cells.
Movements that Matter: How Martial Arts Studies Can Reframe the Ethics of First-Blush Empathy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

If empathy is how bodies resonate with one another, and ethics is what we are meant to do with that resonance, consideration of the ethics of empathy must begin with the split-second, non-conscious resonance between bodies: first-blush empathy. By combining the expertise of academics and practitioners of bodily knowledge, martial arts studies can distinctively consider how to cultivate the most ethical responses to others. This disciplinary argument takes physical form through a reading of a practice from Shotokan Aiki-karate-do that opposes hyper-attention to self or other with cultivated non-attention. To unpack these principles, the essay then uses philosophy of mind from to illustrate how attention provides a more compelling description of this initial bodily response to other bodies than intention. To most ethically engage others without imposing our own knowledge or self-absorption, we should cultivate deliberate habits of receptivity around first-blush empathy.
Knowledge management by Doctus knowlege-based system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Rad se bavi jednim od osnovnih problema upravljanja znanjem: povezivanjem potrebnog i raspoloživog znanja za rjesavanje problema poslovnog odlucivanja. Pocetna pretpostavka je da je raspoloživo znanje donositelja odluka/ eksperta vece od onog kojeg trenutacno koristi, a da je potrebno znanje određeno procesima organizacije. Identificirane su razine znanja ( pozadinsko i fokalno znanje) i vrste znanja (cinjenice, vjestine i znanja). Pretpostavljeno je da postoji mogucnost iskazivanja pravila pozadinskog znanja eksperta/ donositelja odluka sto je važno ukoliko postoji potreba i razlog transfera znanja u procese. Na temelju opisanog, bilo je moguce dokazati da je, primjenom zakljucivanja u ljusci ekspertnog sustava, jednostavniji prijedlog rjesenja prihvatljiviji (Okamova britva) i da se znanje i pravila mogu objasniti jednostavno ali ne i jednostavnije od moguceg ( Einstein). Utvrđeno je da je prihvatljiviji onaj model znanja koji sadrži manje atributa i vrijednosti atributa, do onog trenutka kada njihove konacne vrijednost ne dovode do nesposobnosti odlucivanja.
Evaluation of Dipstick Urine Studies Using a Scoring System Based on Test Performance Characteristics

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A weighted scoring system based on the selection of four measures of the performance characteristics of a laboratory test--sensitivity, specificity, and false positive and false negative rates--was devised to provide a rationale basis for ranking and evaluating dipstick urine screening tests as a criterion for elimination of routine urine microscopic examination. Equal weight was assigned to each performance characteristic, and an arbitrarily chosen scoring scale of 100 was selected for simplicity. When a summation procedure was applied to urine studies available in the medical literature, three categories of author acceptability were found: accept: score greater than 80; conditional accept: score 70-80; reject: score less than 70. Studies incorporating leukocyte esterase (LE) were found to have the highest scores and the highest author acceptability, whereas studies lacking LE had the lowest scores and lowest author acceptability. This easy-to-use, weighted scoring system is proposed as a guide for deciding whether dipstick screening tests are acceptable as a way of eliminating routine microscopic examination.
Anther Culture Efficiency According to Plating Method in Naked Barley

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Barley anther culture is hard working to plating picking out anther from the glume and demand long time comparing to be short available development stage for effective culture. Also, it has been treatment massive materials due to low plantlet comparing to get desirable plants intensively. Consequently, this experiment was carried out trying to be more high barley anther culture effectively in terms of save plating effort. Plating materials and culture temperature affected anther culture efficiency are among the inoculation tissues or organs such as anthers, spikelets and whole panicles, culture efficiency was higher with spikelets in two-rowed than six-rowed barley due primarily to a lower contamination, and calli were induced within 30 to 50 days. Callus induction and plant regeneration rates were higher in cultures at $25^{\circ}C$ than at $15^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$. Days to callus induction were 25 to 50 days at $25^{\circ}C$ and 50 to 60 days at $20^{\circ}C$.
Forty Years of Reform and Opening Up and the Building of a Moderately Prosperous Society

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Over the past forty years of reform and opening up, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has led people of all ethnic groups in the country to carry out the practice of building a moderately prosperous society. Combining Marxism with the contemporary reality of China, the CPC has adapted Marxism to the Chinese context and enriched the theory of building a moderately prosperous society since its initiation. In practice, China already achieved the goal of ensuring the people a moderately prosperous life and is now striving to secure a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, making tremendous progress in economic and social development. To complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects and achieve the intended goal, China should accelerate the advancement of the targeted poverty alleviation strategy, continue to improve the people’s livelihood, and maintain sustained and sound economic and social development.
IMMUNOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON SERUM HAPTOGLOBIN

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Antibody to purified type 1-1 human serum haptoglobin was obtained in rabbits. Using this antiserum it was demonstrated that the antigenic determinants of the haptoglobin molecule reside in both α- and ß-chains. No immunological difference between the normal α1F- and α1S-chains of haptoglobin could be detected. A number of healthy individuals whose haptoglobin pattern appeared normal by starch gel electrophoresis were shown to possess a haptoglobin which could be distinguished immunologically from the common haptoglobin types. These immunological atypical haptoglobins have been observed in individuals of types 1-1, 2-1, and 2-2. Combined immunological and chemical studies of purified haptoglobin have enabled the construction of a tentative model for the structure of human type 1-1 haptoglobin.
Survival of Salmonella dublin in Pig Slurry During Aerobic Thermophilic Treatment in Batch, Cyclic and Continuous Systems

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The survival of Salmonella dublin was investigated in aerobically fermenting and autoclaved pig slurry at a temperature of 55°C. The difference in the decay rates for these two situations was not statistically significant. Initial bacterial concentrations of about 10 6 /ml were reduced to undetectable levels in less than 4 h in both cases, the decimal decay rate based on both sets of data was 1.81/h. Theoretical analysis, based on the decay rate derived from these results, indicated that cyclic feeding and discharging had advantages over the continuous system particularly as retention time increased.
THE IMPACT OF TOOTH-CUTTING CEREMONY ON HIV SUFFERERS IN KLUNGKUNG REGENCY

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The tooth-cutting ceremony is one of the manusa yadnya ceremonies that must be lived in the life of Hindus to control the six enemies in humans ( sad ripu). This study wanted to know the impact of the tooth- cutting ceremony for the Balinese Hindu community in Klungkung Regency on HIV sufferers. The purpose of this study is to know. (1) The truth of the tooth-filing teaching in Hindu theology, 2) How the impact of the tooth- cutting ceremony in Klungkung Regency on HIV sufferers, in this study is the relationship between culture and theoretical input in the concept of carrying out tooth- cutting ceremonies in Klungkung Regency for HIV sufferers. This research is by qualitative method and data obtained by making observations including reading literature literature. Data is obtained through several stages: (1) observation of the object of research, so that documents in the form of photos / videos about the implementation of the tooth- cutting ceremony are obtained. (2) interviews were conducted with HIV sufferers and families who performed the tooth- cutting ceremony. Prejudice and public treatment of HIV sufferers is very positive where Hindu culture builds the self-confidence of HIV sufferers kikir.
Icing ridges: A sedimentary criterion for recognizing former occurrence of icings

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Small-scale deformations of glaciofluvial sediments is described from a Greenland outwash plain partly covered by icings (Aufeis, naleds). On the sudace these deformations takes the form of small ridges, parallel to the margin of the icings. Formation of the ridges is ascribed to processes during disintegration of icings, and the genetic term » Icing-ridge« is proposed. Icing ridges produced in a braided river envi- ronment are considered as most likely to be preserved at the base of small-scale coarsening upward sequences.
A rapid, non‐destructive osmium tetroxide technique for preparing pollen for scanning electron microscopy

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary Smith, G. F. & Tiedt, L. R.: A rapid, non‐destructive osmium tetroxide technique for preparing pollen for scanning electron microscopy. ‐ Taxon 40: 195–200. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262. A new, rapid, non‐destructive technique for the preparation of pollen is described, in which dissected anthers are fixed with osmium tetroxide vapour. This method permits the examination without modifying the pollen grain morphology and ultrastructure and the natural state of hydration. Apertural structures are perfectly preserved and neither debris nor artifacts are deposited on the grains. The pollen cementing substances, such as pollenkitt, remain intact and can assist in the functional interpretation of pollen types. This new method may help to obtain optimal structural and functional information from pollen study.
Teaching for the Tithe: Donor Expectations and the Matrona's Tithe

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article examines a story in the Jerusalem Talmud depicting a wealthy woman who expects Torah instruction in exchange for her tithes. This textual example is used as a lens through which to view the changing social, religious, and economic relationships of Roman Syria Palaestina, whereby the biblically described institution of tithing to priests expanded to include priestly descendent rabbis. Giving the priestly tithe to a rabbi, while advantageous in a period of rabbinic fundraising, presented a distinct set of challenges as it came to resemble patronage practices associated with Roman elites. Through close textual analysis of the wealthy woman's tithe, the prominence and consequences of scholastic donations are examined, both in rabbinic literature and in the broader late ancient Mediterranean.
Construction of a Fe3+ Carbon Paste Electrode Based on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs)/Nanosilica

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The results of our previous studies showed a selective interaction between Di-tert- butylazodicarboxylate (TBADC) and Fe3+ ions respect to other metal ions. A new carbon paste ion selective electrode for determination of iron amount was prepared. Using multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and nanosilica in the composition of carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) cause improvement in their characterizations. The best performance for nano-composite sensor was obtained with electrode composition of 4% TBADC, 0.3% nanosilica, 30% paraffin oil (binder), 62.7% graphite powder, and 3% MWCNT. The new Fe3+-CPE showed a Nernstian slope of 19.9±0.4 mV per decade with a detection limit of 8.0×10-10 mol L-1 in the range of 1.0×10-9-1.0×10-2 mol L-1. The sensor could be used in a pH window of 1.6-4.3 and the response time of the sensor was at least 5 s, in addition to its very good Fe3+ selectivity over many mono-,di- and trivalent transition and heavy metal ions. The proposed sensor was successfully applied as an indicator electrode for the potentiometric titration of 25 mL of a 10x10-2 mol L-1 Fe3+ ions with a 10x10-4 mol L-1 EDTA and the monitoring of the Fe(III) concentration ions in some cationic mixtures.
The Screening and Identification of a Batch of Oleaginous Yeasts

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Twenty three strains of oleaginous fungus were screened out from the excess sludge by Sudan black B staining method. After 26s rDNA sequence analysis and comparison, 10 of the strains were found to be Pichia jadini , 9 to be Trichosporon laibachii , and the other 4 to be Galactomyces geotrichum , which belong to molds. We focused on 7 strains of Tri. laibachii , and measured their biomass and oil yield. As a result, Tri. laibachii IEM-17 had the highest biomass, as well as the highest oil yield which reached 21.9%.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE STABILITY. SYSTEMS WITH ONE DEGREE OF FREEDOM. PART 1

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper considers the loss of structure stability as one of the most important marginal states. Though this type of limit conditions has been closely studied, there is still no agreement on their causes, hence, there is no uniform approach to defining the criteria that determine the critical state. The most popular criteria known in the structural analysis and the theory of structural stability are energy criteria of stability in the form of Timoshenko or Bryan. In the first case the analysis covers total work of all forces affecting the system at the moment of collapse. In the second the analysis deals with the system internal energy, which allows us to solve the problems considering thermal and similar effects. In spite of the simplicity of the first approach and general character of the second one, it is hardly possible to assert that they can be sufficient to cover the total scope of stability problems that may arise in engineering. The criterion of critical energy critical level permits us to formulate and solve stability problems without any limitations related with the smallness of displacements or the types of impacts affecting a system, so it can be applied to formulate boundary conditions. For better understanding of the said criteria and their illustration the paper presents some simple problems in the form of systems with lumped parameters. Structure stability criteria are studied as in case of the systems with one degree of freedom. The analysis covers the statements and solutions of stability problems in the form of Timoshenko, Bryan and the criterion of energy critical levels. These approaches are reviewed in terms of their advantages and disadvantages using the example of the model of a structure with one degree of freedom.
Development of a low-cost system for energy conversion coefficient measurements based on thermomagnetic phenomena

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This study presents the experimental development of a simple and low-cost system for measuring the thermomagnetic energy conversion based on the Anomalous Nernst Effect. The approach aims to provide an easy-to-implement alternative for teaching modern physics phenomena, such as the Anomalous Nernst Effect (ANE) and Longitudinal Spin-Seebeck Effect (LSSE), highlighting its educational potential and applicability in high school and higher education settings. The proposed system is validated through experimental measurements performed on specific samples, using advanced characterization techniques. The results demonstrate the system’s effectiveness, making experimentation accessible and relevant for students’ formation in physics, nanotechnology, and sustainable energy fields.
Biomarker identification by LC-MS/MS for patients with brain injury.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Proteomics aims to study the whole protein content of a biological sample in one set of experiments. Such an approach has the potential to acquire an understanding of the complex responses of an organism to a stimulus. Recent years have seen the development of powerful technologies that have provided researchers with new analytical capabilities. With Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) in particular, there has been an explosion in the discovery of biomarkers that can be used to measure the progress of a disease or injury, or the effects of its treatment. Such proteomics can be applied for the identification and confirmation of peripheral biomarkers for brain injury. Blood serum and urine samples obtained from 9 patients who were suffering from brain injury from Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH) and 4 healthy volunteers from the Singapore General Hospital (SGH) were used in an investigation to identify the potential biomarker(s) of brain injury. Results from the prepared samples were obtained by studying the LC/MS/MS analysis and differentiating the up-regulated proteins from the down-regulated ones. These methodologies have made the application of proteomics on the study of brain injury under clinically relevant conditions possible. The quantity of data that is acquired with these techniques has placed new challenges on data processing and analysis. This report will provide an insight to one of the most promising proteomics methods and its application to the biomarkers identification of brain injury research.
Increasing the Talent of High School Students through Islamic Counseling Guidance

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Students, especially high school students, will always be faced with several choices, both related to personal, social, study, career, and talent lives. They often have difficulty making decisions in determining which options to choose. One of them is the difficulty in understanding oneself related to his talent and the talent plans that will be selected for his future. Difficulties in making decisions when choosing talents can be avoided if students have a sufficient amount of information about matters relating to the world of their talents. Therefore they need to get development in their talent. This research uses the literature study method. The results of this study indicate that full Islamic guidance and counseling is needed as an effort to obtain an adequate understanding of various conditions and characteristics of himself, as a 'servant of Allah' who chooses nature (potential) both about talents, interests, ideas, various strengths and weaknesses. that is in him so as not to be wrong in developing his talents in accordance with Islamic guidance (Al-Qur'an and Hadith).
Disseminating New Farming Practices among Small Scale Farmers: An Experimental Intervention in Uganda

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

We used a randomized control trial to measure how the free distribution of hybrid seeds and chemical fertilizers for maize production affected their adoption by small-scale farmers in the subsequent seasons. Information on their demand for the same inputs for two years after the initial trial revealed that the demand of the free-input recipients was significantly higher than that of non-recipients; that of the neighbors of the recipients fell in-between. The initial treatment assignment has a persistent influence on the farmers’ demand whereas the difference between the free-input recipients and their neighbors has been reduced over time. The reduction of their gap in the demand for fertilizers is partly driven by social learning through information networks. However, there was no clear evidence on learning effects from peers on the demand for the hybrid seeds.