jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
CUFF TEAR ARTHROPATHY (CTA) HUMERAL HEAD: AN EIGHT YEAR FOLLOW UP

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The treatment of patients with arthritis of the glenohumeral joint with an associated massive irreparable cuff tear is challenging. Since these patients usually have proximal migration of the humerus, the CTA extended head allows a surface with a low coefficient of friction to articulate with the acromion. Between 2001 and 2006 a total of 48 patients with arthritis of the shoulder joint associated with a massive cuff tear, were treated with a CTA head. The indications for use being Seebauer Type 1a and 1b appearances on x-ray and active abduction of the arm to more than 60° with appropriate analgesia. Preoperatively, a Constant score and an ASES pain and function score were completed as well as standard radiological assessment. These were repeated at follow up. Paired t tests were carried out for all the variables. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed. Follow up varied between 2 and 8 years. Improvements in pain, function and all movement parameters were significant at p This head design has been in use for a number of years. To date there appears to be no reported outcome of their use. This series shows that in an appropriately selected patient a satisfactory clinical outcome can be maintained in the short to medium term. The presence of erosion of the glenoid but also the under surface of the acromion does require continuing monitoring.
Statistical post‐processing of ensemble forecasts of temperature in Santiago de Chile

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Modelling forecast uncertainty is a difficult task in any forecasting problem. In weather forecasting a possible solution is the use of forecast ensembles, which are obtained from multiple runs of numerical weather prediction models with various initial conditions and model parametrizations to provide information about the expected uncertainty. Currently all major meteorological centres issue forecasts using their operational ensemble prediction systems. However, it is a general problem that the spread of the ensemble is too small compared to observations at specific sites resulting in under‐dispersive forecasts, leading to a lack of calibration. In order to correct this problem, various statistical calibration techniques have been developed in the last two decades. In the present work different post‐processing techniques were tested for calibrating nine member ensemble forecasts of temperature for Santiago de Chile, obtained by the Weather Research and Forecasting model using different planetary boundary layer and land surface model parametrizations. In particular, the ensemble model output statistics and Bayesian model averaging techniques were implemented and, since the observations are characterized by large altitude differences, the estimation of model parameters was adapted to the actual conditions at hand. Compared to the raw ensemble, all tested post‐processing approaches significantly improve the calibration of probabilistic forecasts and the accuracy of point forecasts. The ensemble model output statistics method using parameter estimation based on expert clustering of stations (according to their altitudes) shows the best forecast skill.
Trajectories of illness perceptions in persons with chronic illness: An explorative longitudinal study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Accurate illness perceptions are essential to the self-management of chronic illness. This study explored trajectories of illness perceptions in persons with morbid obesity ( n = 53) and persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( n = 52) following a patient education course. Participants completed the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire five times over a 1-year period. Repeated measures analysis of variance was employed. Over time, obese participants perceived shorter illness duration, fewer consequences, less emotional stress, and more personal control. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease participants had initial increases in personal control and understanding, but these changes were not maintained throughout the follow-up period.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Shank3 mutant mice display autistic-like behaviours and striatal dysfunction.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) comprise a range of disorders that share a core of neurobehavioural deficits characterized by widespread abnormalities in social interactions, deficits in communication as well as restricted interests and repetitive behaviours. The neurological basis and circuitry mechanisms underlying these abnormal behaviours are poorly understood. SHANK3 is a postsynaptic protein, whose disruption at the genetic level is thought to be responsible for the development of 22q13 deletion syndrome (Phelan-McDermid syndrome) and other non-syndromic ASDs. Here we show that mice with Shank3 gene deletions exhibit self-injurious repetitive grooming and deficits in social interaction. Cellular, electrophysiological and biochemical analyses uncovered defects at striatal synapses and cortico-striatal circuits in Shank3 mutant mice. Our findings demonstrate a critical role for SHANK3 in the normal development of neuronal connectivity and establish causality between a disruption in the Shank3 gene and the genesis of autistic-like behaviours in mice. PMID: 21423165 Funding information This work was supported by: NIMH NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: F32MH084460 NIMH NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R03MH085224 NIMH NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01MH081201
Immunohistochemical study of hormonal receptors and cell proliferation in normal canine mammary glands and spontaneous mammary tumours

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The expression of hormone receptors and their relationship_to cell proliferation in six samples of normal canine mammary tissue, and 11 benign and 10 malignant mammary neoplasms from female dogs were assessed by immunohistochemistry in formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded samples, by using monoclonal antibodies against progesterone and oestrogen receptors, and nuclear antigen Ki‐67 (MIB‐1). Malignant tumours negative for progesterone receptors proliferated at higher rates than progesterone receptorpositive tumours, suggesting that the progression towards malignancy in spontaneous mammary tumours is accompanied by a decrease in hormonal steroid dependency. Only one malignant tumour was positive for oestrogen receptors.
Greater than the Sum of Its Parts: Combining Entrepreneurial and Sustainable Competencies in Entrepreneurship Education

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Discussions about sustainability and entrepreneurship are often an “either/or” discourse. Many higher-education institutions offer sustainability education programs with the aim of enabling students to think and act sustainably without concrete tools for change. Similarly, many offerings in entrepreneurship fail to address sustainability issues. This article assumes a qualitative, constructivist, systems thinking approach to theorize and analyze the relationships between entrepreneurship and sustainability competencies and makes three contributions to theory and practice. First, it provides a thematic analysis of two important European competence frameworks—for sustainability (GreenComp) and entrepreneurial competencies (EntreComp)—and delineates their relationships. Second, through a case study of an experiential educational format, it offers three educational tools that integrate sustainability and entrepreneurial competencies. Third, it contributes to the growing field of research that combines sustainability and entrepreneurship education. The results of this paper are relevant for policymakers who want to combine sustainability and entrepreneurship in education, as well as for educators looking for methods to combine both competence frameworks.
On the intermediate-redshift central stellar mass-halo mass relation, and implications for the evolution of the most massive galaxies since z~1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The stellar mass-halo mass relation is a key constraint in all semi-analytic, numerical, and semi-empirical models of galaxy formation and evolution. However, its exact shape and redshift dependence remain debated. Several recent works support a relation in the local Universe steeper than previously thought. Based on the comparisons with a variety of data on massive central galaxies, we show that this steepening holds up to z~1, for stellar masses Mstar>2e11 Msun. Specifically, we find significant evidence for a high-mass end slope of β>0.35-0.70, instead of the usual β~0.20-0.30 reported by a number of previous results. When including the independent constraints from the recent BOSS clustering measurements, the data, independent of any systematic errors in stellar masses, tend to favor a model with a very small scatter (< 0.15 dex) in stellar mass at fixed halo mass, in the redshift range z < 0.8 and for Mstar>3e11 Msun, suggesting a close connection between massive galaxies and host halos even at relatively recent epochs. We discuss the implications of our results with respect to the evolution of the most massive galaxies since z~1.
Analysis of changes, difficulties, and coping actions in participation of exercise of sports participant

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study were to obtain basic data to resolve the problem of sport paticipant by analyzing changes, difficulties, and coping actions in participation of exercise of sports participant in COVID-19 incident. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, 109 adult men and women who participate in sports distributed in Seoul, Incheon, Gyeonggi, Chungcheong, and Daegu were selected as research subjects using the ideal case selection method. In-depth interviews were conducted with 9 adult men and women who participate in sports, and research data were collected by conducting an open-ended questionnaire targeting 100 adult men and women who participate in sports. The results of the collected data were derived using qualitative data analysis methods such as taxonomic analysis and inductive categorical system. The results of this study were as follows.BR First, the changes in participation of exercise of sports participant were found to be a change the form of exercise participation, a change in the perception of exercise participation, a change in the exercise participation behavior, and other changes.BR Second, difficulties faced by sports participant in COVID-19 incident were found to be physical difficulties, psychological and emotional difficulties, social difficulties, and environmental and institutional difficulties.BR Third, coping actions in participation of exercise of sports participant in COVID-19 incident were found to be a change the form of exercise participation, preventive exercise participation, with COVID-19, and giving up and resigning from participation of exercise.
The evaluation and management of neonatal brachial plexus palsy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Neonatal brachial plexus palsy presents at birth and can be a debilitating condition with long-term consequences. Presentation at birth depends on the extent of nerve injury, and can vary from transient weakness to global paresis, with active range of motion affected. Serial clinical examination after birth and during the neonatal period (first month of life) is crucial to assess recovery and predicts long-term outcomes. This position statement guides the evaluation of neonates for risk factors at birth, early referral to a multidisciplinary specialized team, and ongoing communication between community providers and specialists to optimize childhood outcomes.
The Crystal Structure of Potassium Chlorochromate, KCrO3Cl1

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Crystal Structure of Potassium Chlorochromate, KCrO3Cl1L. Helmholz and W. R. FosterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 11, 4971–4974Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01167a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01167a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Iodine in animal nutrition and Iodine transfer from feed into food of animal origin

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Iodine is an essential trace element for humans and animals. More than 95 % of total iodine is accumulated in the thyroid gland. The only known roles of iodine in metabolism are its incorporation into the thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), and into the precursor iodotyrosines. Both hormones have multiple functions in the energy metabolism of cells, in the growth, as a transmitter
Implementation of a fully coupled wellbore stability model for well drilling design

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

During wellbore drilling operations and successive oil/gas production activities, both the natural stresses and the original thermodynamic equilibrium of virgin rock formations are altered, and, as a result, borehole instability phenomena can arise with time. Instability phenomena can be so severe to determine the wellbore abandonment because of its complete collapse. During the design phase of drilling operations, the adoption of a wellbore instability modeling approach is fundamental to systematically take into consideration time-dependent alterations of the initial natural equilibrium. In this paper the possibility of investigating both the stress-strain and the thermo-dynamic formation behavior through a fully coupled thermo-poro-elasto-plastic approach is discussed. The numerical solution adopted for the model implementation is presented. In the fully coupled approach, porous flow and stress-strain calculations are performed together: the whole system is discretised on one grid domain and solved simultaneously for both the thermodynamic variables (such as: temperature and pressure), and the geomechanical response (such as: displacements). This approach has the advantage of internal consistency and stability; furthermore, it preserves second order convergence of nonlinear iterations. In order to implement the plastic analysis an iteratively coupled approach was adopted in the fully coupled routine. According to the iterative coupling technique, the model basic equations (porous flow and rock deformation) and the plastic behaviour equations are solved separately and sequentially at each non-linear iteration. This is achieved by the solution of two nested Newton-Raphson cycles at each time-step. The iterative coupling approach corresponds to an implicit treatment of the plastic variables, essential to preserve the stability of the elasto-plastic solution. Wellbore stability analyses are also presented to prove the effectiveness of the proposed model to investigate the potential impact of time-dependent phenomena on the well drilling design.
Freedom of Conscience and Civic Peace

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Positioning himself within a series of early-modern debates, Spinoza argues that civil sovereigns must have control over religion, and that—in matters of religion as in everything else—subjects must obey the civil law. He defends this view by appealing to two antecedents: a conception of the original Jewish commonwealth as a theocracy in which there was no distinction between civil and religious law; and a classical conception of piety that encompasses devotion to one’s country as well as to God. Drawing on these resources, Spinoza contends that obedience to the law trumps the promptings of individual conscience, so that living under law may carry significant individual costs. Despite the fact that Spinoza is often heralded as an early defender of religious toleration, his view of freedom of conscience is at odds with modern liberal orthodoxy.
Autochthonous Transmission of Angiostrongylus Cantonensis in a Domestic Rabbit (Oryctolagus Cuniculus) in Hawai`i: Detection in Multiple Tissues Using AcanITS1 and AcanR3990 PCR Assays

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background: Hawaii is the hotspot for rat lungworm disease (angiostrongyliasis) caused by the nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis in the USA. In humans, PCR of the CSF is typically used for diagnosis, however, collection of CSF requires hospitalization. Here, we evaluate the efficacy of two different PCR tests to detect A.cantonensis DNA in multiple tissues including blood from a rabbit presumably infected by eating contaminated lettuce. Methods: Two different PCR assays (AcanR3990, and AcanITS1) were used comparatively to test DNA extracted from slug and rabbit tissues. Assays were conducted using established protocols and were run in triplicate, with negative (dH20) controls included throughout. Results: A juvenile Parmarian martensi (semi-slug) found in local lettuce tested positive for the presence of Angiostrongylus cantonensis DNA. A family and their two domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) consumed this lettuce twice within the five days preceding testing. One rabbit exhibited symptoms consistent with eosinophilic meningitis 3-6 days after being fed the lettuce. Appropriate veterinary treatment was ineffective and the rabbit was subsequently euthanized. This study comparatively applies two different PCR assays to detect A. cantonensis DNA in the peripheral blood, cerebrospinal fluid, brain, heart, and lung tissue of this rabbit, and provides data implicating parasite transmission via contaminated home-grown lettuce. Six of the nine brain DNA samples, as well as the CSF sample, tested positive in replicate or triplicate for A. cantonensis DNA with both PCR assays. The AcanR3990 assay also detected A. cantonensis DNA from the lung, heart septum, all nine samples from the brain, and blood products (plasma, EDTA-treated whole blood, and buffy coat/red blood cells) in replicate or triplicate.
The “stateless” Rohingya in Bangladesh: Crisis management and policy responses

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Since 1978, subjugation, discrimination, and human rights violations have forced the Rohingya to flee Myanmar and seek refuge in Bangladesh. The legalized “statelessness” and marginalized ethnoreligious status of the Rohingya in Myanmar and their violent expulsion eventually determined their status in Bangladesh and the government response. Initially, the Bangladesh government and local communities took a liberal attitude towards the humanitarian crisis, accommodated the refugees in camps along the border region, and offered assistance. However, there are over a million Rohingya in the country now, and its resources limited, to begin with, are under enormous strain. The tensions between the Rohingya and host communities have led the government to oppose the integration and encourage the voluntary repatriation of refugees to Myanmar. This study analyses the shift in Bangladesh government domestic, as well as regional policies such as Look East policy, in managing the Rohingya crisis and proffers policy recommendations at the end.
Planting Date and Cultivar Effects on Soybean Yield, Seed Quality, and Phomopsis sp. Seed Infection

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Incidence of Phomopsis seed decay is frequently high and quality low in seed from early-maturing maturity group III and IV soybean cultivars planted in early to mid-April in the southern United States. Cultivars resistant to this disease have not been available until the recent release of germ plasm lines SS 93-6012 and SS 93-6181. Our objective was to determine the effects of planting dates with these lines and one Phomopsis seed decay-susceptible soybean cultivar, Asgrow 3834, on seed infection by Phomopsis spp. and on yield and the correlation between percentage of Asgrow 3834 infected with Phomopsis spp. and seed quality. Generally, yields averaged over years were significantly greater for mid-April than mid-June plantings, and yields of cultivars were similar within a planting date. Soybean lines SS 93-6012 and SS 93-6181 were highly resistant to Phomopsis seed decay compared with the susceptible cultivar, Asgrow 3834. There was a significant, negative correlation between germination of seed from mid-April plantings of Asgrow 3834 and percentage of these seed infected with Phomopsis spp. Moreover, there were significant correlations between fatty acid composition of Asgrow 3834 seed and the percentage of these seed infected with Phomopsis spp. This altered composition of fatty acids may be responsible for reduced quality of oil derived from seed infected with this fungus. Phomopsis seed decay-resistant soybean lines SS 93-6012 and SS 93-6181 should be useful in breeding programs focused on developing high-yielding cultivars resistant to this disease.
EFFECT OF ROAD SHOULDER TREATMENTS ON HIGHWAY RUNOFF QUALITY AND QUANTITY

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This project examined the role that road shoulders play in the stormwater runoff process. The goal of the research was to determine the type of shoulder treatment that yields the least quantity of runoff of the highest quality. Three types of shoulder materials were tested: conventional asphalt, gravel, and porous asphalt. Porous asphalt allows water to penetrate and flow through the pavement to a sublayer, and it can be used in place of conventional asphalt on low-traffic roadways. Each of the three shoulder materials were tested in duplicate on a heavily traveled, two-lane road north of Redmond, Washington. Stormwater runoff from the road flowed onto the shoulder test sections and was collected in a stormwater collection system at the base of the test sections. Flow-weighted composite samples were collected, and both runoff quantity and quality were evaluated. On the basis of results from 11 storms monitored between November 1995 and August 1996, several trends were identified. The porous asphalt shoulders demonstrated a greater potential to reduce runoff volumes and peak discharge rates than gravel and conventional asphalt shoulders. During typical wet season storms [0.76 cm (0.3 in.)], the porous asphalt and gravel shoulder test sections reduced runoff volumes by approximately 85% and 30%, respectively, in comparison to the conventional asphalt test sections. The ability of the porous asphalt shoulders to reduce pollutant loads far exceeded that of the gravel and conventional asphalt shoulders. During typical wet season storms the solids and pollutant loads from the porous asphalt shoulders were more than 90% lower than the loads from the conventional asphalt shoulders. The gravel shoulders yielded load reductions ranging from 10% to 70% lower than the conventional asphalt, although ortho-phosphorus loads exceeded those of the conventional asphalt shoulder by nearly 30%. Removal rates were highest for those pollutants that were correlated with total suspended solids (0.70