jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Review of statistical analysis methods of high-dimensional data

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We live in the era of "big data". Big data opens up new opportunities for modern society, has become the "raw material" for production, a new source for immense economic and social value. At the same time, big data has set new computational and statistical tasks before the researcher. In order to study the status of these tasks, the paper describes the main applications of big data, investigates the statistical computing problems, associated with a large volume, diversity and high speed, affecting a paradigm shift of statistical and computational methods. A review of existing statistical methods, algorithms and research in recent years is presented. The research results show that several factors require the development of new, more effective statistical methods and algorithms: firstly, traditional statistical methods are not justified in terms of statistical significance with respect to big data; secondly, in terms of computational efficiency; the third factor is relevant to the specific features inherent in big data: heterogeneity, the accumulation of noise, spurious correlations, etc. It appears that this area will continue to be the subject of research.
Diagnostic performance of quantitative flow ratio in prospectively enrolled patients: An individual patient‐data meta‐analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objectives We aimed to provide robust performance estimates for quantitative flow ratio (QFR) in assessment of intermediary coronary lesions. Background Angiography‐based functional lesion assessment by QFR may appear as a cost saving and safe approach to expand the use of physiology‐guided percutaneous coronary interventions. QFR was proven feasible and showed good diagnostic performance in mid‐sized off‐line and on‐line studies with fractional flow reserve (FFR) as reference standard. Methods We performed a collaborative individual patient‐data meta‐analysis of all available prospective studies with paired assessment of QFR and FFR using the CE‐marked QFR application. The main outcome was agreement of QFR and FFR using a two‐step analysis strategy with a multilevel mixed model accounting for study and center level variation. Results Of 16 studies identified, four studies had prospective enrollment and provided patient level data reaching a total of 819 patients and 969 vessels with paired FFR and QFR: FAVOR Pilot ( n = 73); WIFI II ( n = 170); FAVOR II China ( n = 304) and FAVOR II Europe‐Japan ( n = 272). We found an overall agreement (mean difference 0.009 ± 0.068, I 2 = 39.6) of QFR with FFR. The diagnostic performance was sensitivity 84% (95%CI: 77–90, I 2 = 70.1), specificity 88% (95%CI: 84–91, I 2 = 60.1); positive predictive value 80% (95%CI: 76–85, I 2 = 33.4), and negative predictive value 95% (95%CI: 93–96, I 2 = 75.9). Conclusions Diagnostic performance of QFR was good with FFR as reference in this meta‐analysis of high quality studies. QFR could provide an easy, safe, and cost‐effective solution for functional evaluation of coronary artery stenosis.
The Effects of the Earthquakes on the Classical Musical Life of Christchurch, September 2010 - May 2013

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

As part of the Canterbury Earthquake Digital Archive, this thesis documents the effects of the earthquakes on the musical life of Christchurch. It concentrates, primarily, on the classical music scene. The thesis examines the difficulties experienced by musical organisations, individual musicians, and teachers as they sought to bring music to the broken city, together with the measures that were necessary in order to overcome those difficulties. It examines how those organisations have worked to re-establish themselves in their particular musical fields. It charts the progress made, to date, along the path to recovery and offers suggestions regarding precautionary measures which, if instituted, could reduce the after-effects of a future disaster. Recognising that not all of the difficulties encountered were directly related to the earthquakes, this thesis also examines the effects on music and musicians, of decision making associated with the recovery effort. The thesis also demonstrates how a destructive event can provide the inspiration for creativity. It recognises the importance of music in maintaining a sense of normality for people, whether they realise it or not, as well as its influences in providing emotional relief in times of stress. Hopefully, it may become a useful guide to which other cities that may be faced with some natural disaster, could refer.
Molecular detection of Human Papillomavirus from abnormal cervical cytology of women attending a tertiary health facility in Ido-ekiti, Southwest Nigeria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been implicated as one of the principal causes of cervical cancer, which is the second highest cause of cancer deaths among Nigerian women. Objective: This study was aimed at determining the presence of HPV DNA in abnormal cervical cytology of a group of women who were screened using Papanicolaou staining technique. Methodology: A total of 200 women attending the Obstetrics and Gyneacology clinic of Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti were screened using the convectional Pap smear screening, while positive samples were subjected to molecular analyses using DNA isolation techniques and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Result: Results revealed that 14 (7%) of the subjects were positive for abnormal cytology. Abnormalities found among the subjects included; low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) which constituted 50 % of the total abnormal smears, high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) which were 28.6% and 21.4% respectively. Results of molecular analyses showed that all the samples from abnormal cervical cytology subjected to HPV DNA extraction and gene amplification all contained the HPV DNA. Conclusion: The high prevalence of HPV DNA in abnormal cytology, gives credence to the fact that HPV presence is a critical indicator in the development of cervical cancer, thus more efforts should be put into vaccine production and distribution to reduce the incidence of cervical cancer in NigeriaÂ Keywords: Cervical, cytology, DNA, molecular, women
A failure ofleadership? WhyNorthern Ireland must introduce atotal banonworkplace smoking

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Thedecision byShaun Woodward, Northern Ireland's Minister forHealth, Social Services, andPublic Safety tooptforonly apartial banonsmoking in public places hasbeengreeted withwidespread incredulity. Smoking kills'about 3,000 people in Northern Ireland every year, nearly asmanyasdied inall theyears ofthe troubles, andhisdecision flew intheface ofawidespread public consultation inwhich91%ofover70,000 people responding supported acomplete ban.1 Ironically, aspolicymakers fromallovertheworld havetravelled to theRepublic ofIreland where they cansee, andare increasingly copying, thesuccessful banintroduced there, theMinister seems unaware ofwhathasbeen achieved ashort drive across theborder. There is, however, aglimmer ofhope, astheMinister has stated that there will beafurther period ofreflection that could lead toatotal ban.Given thewealth of experience ofthebenefits ofsuchbans, whyany morereflection should nowbeneeded seemsa mystery. Infairness, however, itmustbeconceded that itiseasy tobecome confused given thetorrent ofmisinformation emanating fromthetobacco industry andits associates. Ourknowledge about second-hand smoking and howbest totackle ithasincreased greatly inrecent years, largely asaresult ofaseries ofAmerican courtrulings thatforced thetobacco industry place manyofits internal documents inthepublic domain.2 Thishasrevealed theenormous scale of deception that theindustry hasbeeninvolved infor decades. Forexample, in1994thechief executives ofseven ofthelargest tobacco companies testified totheUSCongress that nicotine wasnotaddictive eventhough their owninternal documents clearly showed that itwas.3 Wenowknowhow,foryears, thetobacco companies weremanipulating the content ofcigarettes toincrease thenicotine kick to speed theonset ofaddiction amongnewsmokers. We alsoknowhow,since atleast 1977, industry executives fromdifferent companies wouldmeet, often insecret,4 todiscuss waysofkeeping alive the illusion that there wasgenuine scientific controversy about whether tobacco washarmful. Thesetactics, coupled withevenmoreunsavoury activities, including complicity insmuggling,5 meanthat the credibility ofthetobacco industry isinshreds. Asa
Prolonged inpatient stay after upfront total laryngectomy is associated with overall survival

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives To investigate factors and complications associated with prolonged inpatient length of stay (LOS) in patients who receive total laryngectomy (TL), and to analyze its effect on short‐term and long‐term overall survival (OS). Methods The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried from 2004 to 2016 for patients with laryngeal cancer, who received TL within 60 days of diagnosis, and who had an inpatient LOS ≥1 night. Multivariable binary logistic regression and survival analyses on propensity score matched cohorts with Kaplan‐Meier analysis and extended Cox regression were utilized. Results Eight thousand two hundred and ninety‐eight patients from the NCDB were included. Median inpatient LOS was 8 days after TL (IQR: 7, 12). Prolonged LOS was defined as above the 75th percentile or 13 days or greater. On multivariable analysis, increasing patient age (OR 1.14 per 10 years, P = .003), female sex (OR 1.35, P < .001), and Charlson‐Deyo comorbidity score of ≥2 compared to a score of 0 (OR 1.43, P < .001) were associated with prolonged LOS. Patients treated at high surgical case volume centers had a decreased likelihood for prolonged LOS (OR 0.67, P < .001). Ninety‐day mortality increased over time in patients who stayed ≥13 days. Prolonged LOS was independently associated with worse OS on multivariable analysis (HR 1.40, 95% CI: 1.22, 1.61) in a matched cohort. Conclusions Prolonged LOS after TL serves as a strong indicator for postoperative long‐term mortality and may help identify patients who warrant closer surveillance. Level of Evidence 3.
Review: The Vietnam War in American Memory: Veterans, Memorials, and the Politics of Healing

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Book Review| February 01 2010 Review: The Vietnam War in American Memory: Veterans, Memorials, and the Politics of Healing The Vietnam War in American Memory: Veterans, Memorials, and the Politics of Healing by Patrick Hagopian. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2009; 560 pp.; clothbound, $49.95. Scott Laderman Scott Laderman University of Minnesota, Duluth. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The Public Historian (2010) 32 (1): 108–110. https://doi.org/10.1525/tph.2010.32.1.108 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Scott Laderman; Review: The Vietnam War in American Memory: Veterans, Memorials, and the Politics of Healing. The Public Historian 1 February 2010; 32 (1): 108–110. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/tph.2010.32.1.108 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Public Historian Search This content is only available via PDF. © 2010 by The Regents of the University of California and the National Council on Public History. All rights reserved.2010 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Mixed Plasmodium malariae Infections Were Underdetected in a Malaria Endemic Area in the Amazon Region, Brazil

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT. Plasmodium malariae infections are often asymptomatic and long-lasting. Mixed infections are often underdetected in areas where P. malariae , P. vivax , and P. falciparum are coendemic. In this study, we described the occurrence of these species circulating as single or mixed infections in Pará state, Brazil, in the Amazon region, with the purpose of clarifying the impact of misidentification of parasite species based only on morphological description using thick blood smear. By using real-time polymerase chain reaction based on the amplification of the mitochondrial DNA, we detected a prevalence of 46% (58/126) mixed infections with 33.3% P. malariae/P. vivax which were read as P. vivax monoinfections by microscopy detection. Our findings confirmed the high circulation of P. malariae in a malaria endemic area in the Brazilian Amazon region.
Productivity and profitability of direct-seeded rice under varying establishment methods and weed management practices

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A field experiment was conducted at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (2016-17) to evaluate the effect of crop establishment and weed management practices on productivity, economics and resource-use efficiency of direct-seeded rice (DSR). The treatments included three crop establishment methods, viz. Zero-tillage-DSR+Sesbania co-culture (ZT-DSR+SCC), ZT-DSR+residue+Sesbania co-culture (ZT-DSR+R+SCC) and Conventional till-DSR+Sesbania coculture (CT-DSR+SCC) assigned to main-plots and five weed management practices, viz. WMP1- pendimethalin (1000 g/ha) fb bispyribac-sodium (25 g/ha) 20 days after sowing (DAS), WMP2-pendimethalin (1000 g/ha) fb pyrazosulfuron (30 g/ha) 20 DAS+1 hand weeding (HW) 45 DAS, WMP3- pendimethalin (1000 g/ha) fb chlorimuron+metsulfuron (4+4 g/ha) 20 DAS+1 HW 45 DAS, WMP4- Weed-free and WMP5- Weedy check assigned to sub-plots. The experiment was laid-out in a three-time replicated split-plot design. Results showed that, ZT-DSR+R+SCC recorded higher growth parameters, such as dry matter accumulation (DMA), leaf area index (LAI), yield attributes and enhanced grain yield, net return and water productivity by 16.9, 61.9 and 20% and 11.0, 69.7 and 10.3% during 2016 and 2017, respectively over CT-DSR+SCC. Among weed management practices, pendimethalin (1000 g/ha) fb chlorimuron+metsulfuron (4+4 g/ha) 20 DAS+1 HW 45 DAS recorded higher DMA, LAI, yield attributes and finally enhanced grain yield, net returns and water productivity by 31.9, 39.2 and 33.3% and 35.7, 36.6 and 37.5% during 2016 and 2017, respectively over weedy check. Hence, ZT-DSR+R+SCC along with pendimethalin (1000 g/ha) fb chlorimuron+metsulfuron (4+4 g/ha) 20 DAS+1 HW 45 DAS could be adopted for higher yield, net returns and resource-use efficiency of DSR.
Manifestaciones cutáneas en donantes de sangre portadores de HTLV-1 en comparación con donantes de sangre no portadores de HTLV-1

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Most human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infected individuals are asymptomatic, but they commonly present cutaneous lesions that could be considered warning signs of the disease. Aim: To identify the main cutaneous manifestations present in HTLV-1 infected blood donors and compare them with healthy donors. Materials and Methods: Two blood donor groups from the blood bank of an emergency hospital were matched according to gender and age. One group was formed by HTLV-1 (+) (cases) and the other by HTLV-1 (-) donors (controls). A blind examiner to the serologic condition, evaluated their cutaneous manifestations. Results: Twenty five cases and 25 controls aged 18 to 60 years (24 females) were evaluated. One or more cutaneous manifestations were found in 24 (96%) cases and in 15 (60%) controls (p < 0.01). Inflammatory cutaneous diseases were found in 19 (76%) cases and in 9 (36%) controls (p < 0.01). Dermatophytosis was found in 18 (72%) cases and in 12 (48%) controls (NS). Conclusions: HTLV-1 infected Chilean subjects have a higher frequency of dermatoses than their healthy counterparts.
Overlapped fiber-optic Michelson interferometers for simultaneous refractive index measurement at two sensing points

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We present a fiber refractometer based on the implementation of overlapped Michelson interferometers; the refractometer allows simultaneous refractive index measurement at two sensing points for samples discrimination. The fiber refractometer uses the Fresnel reflection in each fiber tip of the overlapped interferometers to generate the interference signal. Experimental results, implementing the two sensing points, for discrimination between non-contaminated and contaminated distilled water are presented. Despite the simplicity of the presented system, resolution and repeatability of 3×10-4 and 5×10-4 are obtained in a dip and read experiment using both sensing points simultaneously for refractive index measurement.
C. H. Spurgeon and prayer

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Prayer was a vital dimension of C. H. Spurgeon’s life and ministry that has not been given the detailed, critical treatment it deserves. Analysis of his prayer life uncovers a diverse and complex web of influences. ‘Spiritualities’ which shaped Spurgeon include High Church alongside the more obvious Puritan and evangelical. Cultural movements such as Romanticism also shaped him through, for example, his espousal of the ‘faith principle’. The article also argues that, despite this complexity, Spurgeon was invariably christocentric and crucicentric in his approach to and practice of prayer, and that he valued the corporate dimension of prayer highly. The complex strands were woven together to make a consistent whole.
Isolation and Proto-cooperation of Pseudomonas putida TS 18 from Water Calyx Fluid of Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study was to isolate, characterize and identify bacteria present in the water calyx fluid of the African tulip, Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. Nutrient agar and nitrogen free malate (Nfb) semi-solid media were used to isolate the bacteria. Bacteria was identified using 16S rDNA sequencing. Pseudomonas putida TS 18 was found to be a new strain based on highest homology during the BLAST. Morphological and biochemical characterization of the identified bacteria was done by routine methods. This is the first study to report bacteria from the water calyx fluid of S. campanulata. Identified bacteria along with fluid content might be playing a unique role in the flower development by showing nitrogen fixing potential under in vitro conditions.
An Examination of Ex – Dividend Day Stock Returns: A Case of Pakistan Stock Exchange

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This research paper attempts to investigate the impact of various factors on abnormal returns of stocks around ex–dividend day. For this, stocks listed in Pakistan stock Exchange have been examined considering a time span of twenty years. This study covers the time span when capital gain tax on sale of securities was introduced in Pakistan in July 2010. Moreover, the impact of various exogenous variables, specifically unsystematic risk along with systematic risk, has not been analyzed on ex – dividend abnormal returns particularly in the context of Pakistan. Generally, stock prices decrease with an amount less than dividend on ex – dividend day. Such price discrepancies may attract traders and arbitrageurs to earn quick profit and result in abnormal returns. Panel data is used covering the time span of twenty years 2001 – 2020. Diagnostic tests have been applied to check the normality of data. The Hausman test is used to choose between fixed effect and random effect model. Further, Breusch and Pagan Lagrangian multiplier test is used to decide between pooled regression model and random effect model. Based on the obtained results, fixed effect model is considered appropriate choice for making prudent conclusions. Impact of various exogenous factors is examined through fixed effect regression model. Abnormal returns are calculated with the help of the market model. Our regression results revealed that dividend yield, transaction cost, systematic risk and firm age have crucial and significant impact on ex–dividend day abnormal returns. The ex-dividend day anomaly, a phenomenon that greatly affects trading methods, would also be clearly illustrated for dividend-capture and capital-gain traders, who could benefit most from this study. They can optimize their trading methods to maximize returns and minimize potential risks by considering the variables causing this anomaly. Institutional stakeholders will also benefit greatly from this research because they may use it to improve the way they manage their portfolios and create innovative investment and trading plans.
Controllable Sulfoxidation and Sulfenylation with Organic Thiosulfate Salts via Dual Electron- and Energy-Transfer Photocatalysis

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Sulfoxides and sulfides are two important functional groups in organic molecules, containing different valence states of sulfur. Both sulfoxidation and sulfenylation with common sulfurating reagents were successfully tuned via a facile variation of the atmosphere under photocatalyzed conditions. The sulfoxidation and sulfenylation transformations involved tandem electron-/energy-transfer and single-electron-transfer processes, respectively. Late-stage sulfoxidation for pharmaceuticals and sugar derivatives was established to be highly compatible. Divergent formal syntheses of sulfoxide/sulfide-containing marketed pharmaceuticals were switchably implemented. Gram-scale operations further demonstrated the practicability of the protocol.
A cordon count program for pedestrians and bicycles commuting to/from a winter city university campus

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Pedestrian and bicycle traffic monitoring programs generate data that can be used to improve safety, promote healthy lifestyles, and improve design of non-motorized facilities. Traffic monitoring is well established for motorized vehicles, but is still developing for pedestrians and bicycles (non-motorized modes). Specifically, there is a need to establish systematic and flexible monitoring programs that capture the unique travel patterns of pedestrians and bicycles for various land uses and demographics. The purpose of this research is to design and implement a pedestrian and bicycle cordon count program in the context of a university campus in a winter city. The approach to the research was to design the data collection plan, collect and process the data, and analyze it to calculate the simultaneous cordon counts, daily volumes, and average weekday traffic statistics at each data collection site. Automatic equipment counts and manual counts by video were used to collect data throughout the year to determine patterns for each season-semester combination. Findings provide insight into modal, temporal, and spatial characteristics of pedestrians and bicycles at the University of Manitoba Fort Garry campus. Specifically: 1) pedestrian patterns seem more affected by semester than weather, 2) bicycle patterns seem more affected by weather than semester, and 3) the spatial distribution of traffic does not remain constant at the sites throughout the year. The research assists jurisdictions in planning data collection programs for similar urban activity areas, develops a novel approach to pedestrian and bicycle traffic data collection within a cordon count program, and provides data inputs for transportation infrastructure planning and design decisions in the campus area.