jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Emotional breakthrough and psychedelics: Validation of the Emotional Breakthrough Inventory

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background: Psychedelic therapy is gaining recognition and the nature of the psychedelic experience itself has been found to mediate subsequent long-term psychological changes. Much emphasis has been placed on the occurrence of mystical-type experiences in determining long-term responses to psychedelics yet here we demonstrate the importance of another component, namely: emotional breakthrough. Methods: Three hundred and seventy-nine participants completed online surveys before and after a planned psychedelic experience. Items pertaining to emotional breakthrough were completed one day after the psychedelic experience, as were items comprising the already validated Mystical Experience Questionnaire and the Challenging Experience Questionnaire. Emotional breakthrough, Mystical Experience Questionnaire and Challenging Experience Questionnaire scores were used to predict changes in well-being (Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale) in a subsample of 75 participants with low well-being baseline scores (⩽45). Results: Factor analyses revealed six emotional breakthrough items with high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha=0.932) and supported our prior hypothesis that emotional breakthrough is a distinct component of the psychedelic experience. Emotional breakthrough scores behaved dose-dependently, and were higher if the psychedelic was taken with therapeutic planning and intent. Emotional breakthrough, Mystical Experience Questionnaire and Challenging Experience Questionnaire scores combined, significantly predicted subsequent changes in well-being ( r=0.45, p=0.0005, n=75), with each scale contributing significant predictive value. Emotional breakthrough and Mystical Experience Questionnaire scores predicted increases in well-being and Challenging Experience Questionnaire scores predicted less increases. Conclusions: Here we validate a six-item ‘Emotional Breakthrough Inventory’. Emotional breakthrough is an important and distinct component of the acute psychedelic experience that appears to be a key mediator of subsequent longer-term psychological changes. Implications for psychedelic therapy are discussed.
Sosialisasi Penggunaan Teknologi Digital dalam Memasarkan UMKM di Desa Simaninggir Kecamatan Sitahuis Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Socialization of the use of digital technology in marketing MSMEs aims to help MSME actors increase competitiveness and expand market reach. Through this socialization, the community is taught about understanding digital technology in facing the era of globalization and inspiring MSME actors to be more innovative in creating products and marketing strategies. After Simaninggir Village participated in the socialization of the use of digital technology, it is hoped that the community will be able to increase online marketing through social media such as Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, and TikTok which are often used every day.
Electrochemical Oxidation of Water to Dioxygen Catalyzed by the Oxidized Form of the Bis(ruthenium – hydroxo) Complex in H2O

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Ein Strukturmodell des O2-generierenden Zentrums vom Photosystem II stellt der Komplex 1 dar. Die beiden Ruthenium-Hydroxo-Einheiten der Verbindung spielen eine wichtige Rolle bei der Oxidation von Wasser zu O2. Nach Abscheidung des Komplexes auf einer Indium-/Zinnoxid-Elektrode konnten 15.0 mL O2 (Umsatzzahl 6730) bei der unter Spannungskontrolle (+1.7 V) durchgeführten Elektrolyse von Wasser erzeugt werden.
Use of Botanical Pesticides in Agriculture as an Alternative to Synthetic Pesticides

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pest management is being confronted with immense economic and environmental issues worldwide because of massive utilization and over-reliance on pesticides. The non-target toxicity, residual consequence, and challenging biodegradability of these synthetic pesticides have become a serious concern, which urgently requires the alternative and prompt adoption of sustainable and cost-effective pest control measures. Increasing attention in environmental safety has triggered interest in pest control approaches through eco-friendly plant-based pesticides. Botanical pesticidal constituents are effective against myriads of destructive pests and diseases. More importantly, they are widely available, inexpensive, accessible, rapidly biodegradable, and have little toxicity to beneficiary agents. The phytochemical compositions in diverse plant species are responsible for their varying mechanisms of action against pests and diseases. However, difficulties in their formulation and insufficient appropriate chemical data have led to a low level of acceptance and adoption globally. Therefore, the review seeks to highlight the status, phytochemical compositions, insecticidal mechanisms, and challenges of plant-based pesticide usage in sustainable agricultural production.
Spectral Modeling of the Supersoft X-ray Source CAL87 based on Radiative Transfer Codes

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Super Soft X-ray Sources (SSS) are white dwarf (WD) binaries that radiate almost entirely below $\sim$1~keV. Their X-ray spectra are often complex when viewed with the X-ray grating spectrometers, where numerous emission and absorption features are intermingled and hard to separate. The absorption features are mostly from the WD atmosphere, for which radiative transfer models have been constructed. The emission features are from the corona surrounding the WD atmosphere, in which incident emission from the WD surface is reprocessed. Modeling the corona requires different solvers and assumptions for the radiative transfer, which is yet to be achieved. We chose CAL87, a SSS in the Large Magellanic Cloud, which exhibits emission-dominated spectra from the corona as the WD atmosphere emission is assumed to be completely blocked by the accretion disk. We constructed a radiative transfer model for the corona using the two radiative transfer codes; xstar for a one-dimensional two-stream solver and MONACO for a three-dimensional Monte Carlo solver. We identified their differences and limitations in comparison to the spectra taken with the Reflection Grating Spectrometer onboard the XMM-Newton satellite. We finally obtained a sufficiently good spectral model of CAL87 based on the radiative transfer of the corona plus an additional collisionally ionized plasma. In the coming X-ray microcalorimeter era, it will be required to interpret spectra based on radiative transfer in a wider range of sources than what is presented here.
Association of KRAS G13D Tumor Mutations With Outcome in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated With First-Line Chemotherapy With or Without Cetuximab

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose We investigated in the first-line setting our previous finding that patients with chemorefractory KRAS G13D–mutated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) benefit from cetuximab treatment. Methods Associations between tumor KRAS mutation status (wild-type, G13D, G12V, or other mutations) and progression-free survival (PFS), survival, and response were investigated in pooled data from 1,378 evaluable patients from the CRYSTAL and OPUS studies. Multivariate analysis correcting for differences in baseline prognostic factors was performed. Results Of 533 patients (39%) with KRAS-mutant tumors, 83 (16%) had G13D, 125 (23%) had G12V, and 325 (61%) had other mutations. Significant variations in treatment effects were found for tumor response (P = .005) and PFS (P = .046) in patients with G13D-mutant tumors versus all other mutations (including G12V). Within KRAS mutation subgroups, cetuximab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone significantly improved PFS (median, 7.4 v 6.0 months; hazard ratio [HR], 0.47; P = .039) and tumor response (40.5% v 22.0%; odds ratio, 3.38; P = .042) but not survival (median, 15.4 v 14.7 months; HR, 0.89; P = .68) in patients with G13D-mutant tumors. Patients with G12V and other mutations did not benefit from this treatment combination. Patients with KRAS G13D–mutated tumors receiving chemotherapy alone experienced worse outcomes (response, 22.0% v 43.2%; odds ratio, 0.40; P = .032) than those with other mutations. Effects were similar in the separate CRYSTAL and OPUS studies. Conclusion The addition of cetuximab to first-line chemotherapy seems to benefit patients with KRAS G13D–mutant tumors. Relative treatment effects were similar to those in patients with KRAS wild-type tumors but with lower absolute values.
The crystal structure of 1-methyl-3-(N-methylnitrous amide–N-methylene) imidazolidine-2,4,5-trione

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract C 6 H 8 O 4 N 4 , orthorhombic, Pna 2 1 (no. 33), a = 6.5487(4) Å, b = 17.5223(9) Å, c = 7.5728(4) Å, V = 868.97(8) Å 3 , Z = 4, R gt (F) = 0.0740, wR ref ( F 2 ) = 0.0761, T = 106.0 K.
Optical trapping and orientation-resolved spectroscopy of europium-doped nanorods

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Europium-doped NaYF 4 nanorods with a high aspect ratio are optically trapped using a single fibre tip optical tweezers. Three distinct trapping positions of the nanorods are observed: in contact with the fibre tip, close to the tip and 5 µ m from the tip end. The direction and polarisation-dependent Eu 3 + photoluminescence is investigated by recording the emission parallel and perpendicular to the nanorod long axis through the trapping fibre and the microscope objective, respectively. These spectroscopic measurements permit an unambiguous determination of the nanorod orientation.
The effect of clustering on statistical tests: an illustration using classroom environment data

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper discusses the effect of clustering on statistical tests and illustrates this effect using classroom environment data. Most classroom environment studies involve the collection of data from students nested within classrooms and the hierarchical nature to these data cannot be ignored. In particular, this paper studies the influence of intraclass correlations on tests of statistical significance conducted with the individual as the unit of analysis. Theory that adjusts t‐test scores for nested data in two‐group comparisons is presented and applied to classroom environment data. This paper demonstrates that Type I error rates inflate greatly as the intraclass correlation increases. Data analysis techniques that recognise the clustering of students in classrooms in classroom environment studies are essential, and it is recommended that either multilevel analysis or adjustments to statistical parameters be undertaken in studies involving nested data.
Physical activity and time spent sitting as a risk factor for low-back pain: longitudinal data from the HUNT study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is the most common pain condition with a lifetime prevalence of 70 %. One of the most investigated risk factor for LBP is sedentary lifestyle. This is of great interest as sitting is the more dominant occupational activity in today’s society.\n\nAim: The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate if the risk of chronic LBP is associated with time spent sitting, leisure time physical activity, and occupational activity. We also examined the combined effect of time spent sitting and physical activity and also for the combined effect of physical leisure activity and work activity on the risk of chronic LBP.\n\nMethod: Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratio (OR) of LBP associated with the various activity measures. The precision of the estimates was assessed by 95 % confidence interval (Cl).\n\nResults: There was some evidence of an inverse association between time spent sitting and risk of chronic LBP, with a OR of 0.83 (0.71-0.97) among persons sitting more than eleven hours a day compared to persons sitting less than five hours a day. Hard physical labour increased the odds of chronic LBP (OR 1.19, 1.02-1.40) when compared to an occupation mostly involving sitting, whereas high levels of leisure time activity was associated with a OR of 0.79 (0.64 - 0.96) compared to being inactive. Combined analysis showed high level of leisure time physical activity to decrease the risk of chronic LBP regardless of occupation. The largest modification of leisure time physical activity on the risk of chronic LBP was found for persons having hard physical work demands.\n\nConclusion: In this population-based longitudinal study, time spent sitting and leisure time physical activity was inversely associated with chronic LBP, whereas heavy physical work, such as walking, lifting and heavy labour, increased the risk. Moreover, analyses of combined effects suggest that the lowest risk was among persons who reported high leisure time physical activity and much sitting.
Abstract 1572: Single cell sequencing reveals the microenvironment network in multifocal pulmonary nodules

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Tumor microenvironment plays an important role in tumorigenesis in cancer development, however, little is known about its heterogeneity and evolution progression during early stage of lung cancer. In this study, single cell sequencing was applied to uncover the transcriptome in the microenvironment and the complex ecosystem of stromal cells in pulmonary nodules including atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) and invasive adenocarcinoma (IA). Although the expression or mutation of driver genes were detected in different stage of pulmonary lesion tissues that might contribute to the development of lung cancer, tumor environment including immune system are found to be important for the progression of tumorigeneses. This study provided evidence that the different evolutionary selection and microenvironment network in multifocal pulmonary nodules in the same individual resulted in various cancer progression stages. To our knowledge, this study first provides an overview of the genetic basis and tumor environment of human lung nodule by single-cell sequencing. Keywords: Single cell sequencing; heterogeneous; microenvironment; multifocal pulmonary nodules Citation Format: Dongcheng Liu, Pan Pan, Shixuan Li, Zhiqiang Cheng, Guangsuo Wang, Chang Zou. Single cell sequencing reveals the microenvironment network in multifocal pulmonary nodules [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1572.
Homozygosity for a New Type ofGγ(Aγδβ)°-Thalassemia in a Malaysian Male

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Hematological and clinical data are presented for a young Malay patient with a homozygous (delta beta)zero-thalassemic condition. His red blood cells contained 100% fetal hemoglobin with alpha and G gamma chains only. Detailed gene mapping defined a large deletion with a 5' end between the Aha III and Apa I sites, some 200-400 bp 5' to the A gamma globin gene and a 3' end beyond sequences 17-18 kb 3' to the beta globin gene. This G gamma (A gamma delta beta)zero-type of thalassemia is different from all the other six types described before. Comparison of the hematological data of this patient with those of homozygotes for either the Sicilian or Spanish types of G gamma A gamma (delta beta)zero-thalassemia showed no differences; all homozygotes have a moderate anemia which is accentuated by the relatively high oxygen affinity of the Hb F containing erythrocytes.
New UK guidance on resuscitation calls for open decision making

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Decisions about cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be based on open communication between health professionals, the patient, and people close to the patient, taking note of patients' informed decisions and reflecting their best interests, recommends new guidance published for the United Kingdom this week.

The guidance, Decisions Relating to Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation , is a joint statement from the BMA, the Resuscitation Council (UK), and the Royal College of Nursing, setting out legal and ethical standards for planning patient care and decision making in relation to resuscitation.

It acknowledges recent public concern about “do not resuscitate” (DNR) orders after …
Q-Learning based Maximum Power Extraction for Wind Energy Conversion System With Variable Wind Speed

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an intelligent wind speed sensor less maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method for a variable speed wind energy conversion system (VS-WECS) based on a Q-Learning algorithm. The Q-Learning algorithm consists of Q-values for each state action pair which is updated using reward and learning rate. Inputs to define these states are electrical power received by grid and rotational speed of the generator. In this paper, Q-Learning is equipped with peak detection technique, which drives the system towards peak power even if learning is incomplete which makes the real time tracking faster. To make the learning uniform, each state has its separate learning parameter instead of common learning parameter for all states as is the case in conventional Q-Learning. Therefore, if half learned system is running at peak point, it does not affect the learning of unvisited states. Also, wind speed change detection is combined with proposed algorithm which makes it eligible to work for varying wind speed conditions. In addition, the information of wind turbine characteristics and wind speed measurement is not needed. The algorithm is verified through simulations and experimentation and also compared with perturbation and observation (P&O) algorithm.
623. Polymer Microparticles Delivering a Idiotype/Chemokine Fusion DNA Vaccine Generate Protective Immunity in a Mice Model of B Cell Lymphoma

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Top of pageAbstract
Introduction:

We earlier demonstrated that branched Polyethyleneimine (PEI) conjugated poly(lactide-co-glycolide)PLGA microparticles enhanced transfection in phagocytic RAW cells in vitro.1 We present herecomparison of the effects of linear and branched PEI conjugated PLGA microparticles in enhancing the potential of a model idiotype/chemokine fusion encoding genetic vaccine for B cell lymphoma in mice models. Branched PEI70kDa polymer conjugated PLGA microparticles in comparison with linear PEI conjugated microparticles; a) better adsorbed plasmid DNA b) showed significant adjuvant effects by upregulating MHC class II and CD80 molecules in macrophage cells and finally c) demonstrated enhanced anti tumor effects upon challenge with an A20 B cell lymphoma tumor in Balb/C mice in vivo. Branched PEI70kDa conjugated PLGA microparticles imparted anti tumor effects which were comparable or slightly better than gene gun mediated immunization, especially when administered intramuscularly.

Materials and Methods:

Synthesis of cationic microparticles and characterization was performed as described earlier1. FACS studies were conducted using fluorescent antibodies such as MHC class II, CD80, F4/80 (Ebiosciences, CA) were used to stain RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells (ATCC, VA) post formulation stimulation. Balb/c mice 8-10 weeks old were injected 3 times with cationic microparticles and with gene gun based approaches. A20 tumors were injected at 2.5 times the minimal lethal dose. Survival rates of mice (anti tumor effects) were followed and plotted to confirm statistical significance.

Results and Discussion:

Plasmid DNA adsorbed on 70kDa branched PEI modified PLGA microparticles demonstrated significant upregulation of MHC class II and CD80 molecules in RAW macrophage cell lines in vitro. These results were also consistent with potent anti tumor effects in vivo. Intramuscular injections of cationic microparticles with adsorbed vaccine encoding plasmid DNA demonstrated anti tumor effects which were comparable with long established gene gun based approaches. Intramuscular injections of cationic particle based formulation proved to be superior to intradermal injections.

Conclusions:

Cationic PEI conjugated PLGA microparticles could offer an attractive strategy to enhance the immunogenecity of weak self antigens encoded by cancer DNA vaccines. We hypothesize that these alternative approaches with injectable formulations offer more flexibility in terms of introducing additional adjuvants such as synthetic MPL-A and CpG optimized oligos which could significantly further enhance the potential of these cancer genetic vaccines. Current studies are underway to test these enhanced anti tumor effects by co-administration of soluble adjuvants.
Two-Step Asymmetric Reaction Using the Frozen Chirality Generated by Spontaneous Crystallization

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

N,N-diallyl-4-methyl-1-propyl-2-quinolone-3-carboxamide afforded chiral crystals of a P2(1) crystal system by spontaneous crystallization. The molecular chirality in the crystal was retained after the crystals were dissolved in a solvent at a low temperature, and the frozen molecular chirality was effectively transferred to the products by a two-step reaction involving hydrogenation and intermolecular photocycloaddition reactions.
Slaves and Slavery in the Late Antique and Early Medieval Penitentials

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The paper examines the evidence for slavery in the late antique and early medieval penitentials. This body of sources has only recently been rediscovered for the study of slavery. Most of the earliest extant penitentials contain canons that deal in one way or another with slaves ( servus or ancilla ) or slavery ( servitium ). These canons can roughly be grouped into three categories according to the aspect under which slavery is considered in them: In the first category of canons, slaves are merely mentioned in the description of a sin in which they are either involved in or the victim of. The second category of canons considers slavery as a penitential punishment. The third category, finally, offers more general rules or laws on slavery. Samples for these three categories and their analysis form the main part of the paper. The presented evidence is then evaluated with regard to the questions what kind of insights the penitentials offer for the study of slavery in general, and the involvement of the Church in slavery in particular.
Murine CXCR-4 is a functional coreceptor for T-cell-tropic and dual-tropic strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The human chemokine receptor hCXCR-4 serves as a coreceptor for T-cell-tropic (T-tropic) and dual-tropic strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We have isolated a homolog of hCXCR-4 from a murine T-cell cDNA library and have examined its ability to function as an HIV-1 coreceptor. mCXCR-4 was found to be 91% identical to the human receptor at the amino acid level, with sequence differences concentrated in extracellular domains. Surprisingly, coexpression of both hCD4 and mCXCR-4 on either simian or murine cell lines rendered them permissive for HIV-1-induced cell fusion, indicating that mCXCR-4 is a functional HIV-1 coreceptor. As with hCXCR-4, coreceptor function was restricted to T-tropic and dual-tropic HIV-1 strains. Ribonuclease protection analysis indicated that mCXCR-4 mRNA was expressed in only two of six murine cell lines tested. In contrast, Northern blot analysis of human and mouse tissues revealed that CXCR-4 is widely expressed in both species in vivo. Overall, these data suggest that the reported lack of susceptibility of hCD4+ murine cells to HIV-1 infection in vitro is, at least in part, due to a lack of mCXCR-4 expression rather than a lack of coreceptor function.