jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Transfer of dynamic motor skills acquired during isometric training to free motion

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Recent studies have explored the prospects of learning to move without moving, by displaying virtual arm movement related to exerted force. However, it has yet to be tested whether learning the dynamics of moving can transfer to the corresponding movement. Here we present a series of experiments that investigate this isometric training paradigm. Subjects were asked to hold a handle and generate forces as their arms were constrained to a static position. A precise simulation of reaching was used to make a graphic rendering of an arm moving realistically in response to the measured interaction forces and simulated environmental forces. Such graphic rendering was displayed on a horizontal display that blocked their view to their actual (statically constrained) arm and encouraged them to believe they were moving. We studied adaptation of horizontal, planar, goal-directed arm movements in a velocity-dependent force field. Our results show that individuals can learn to compensate for such a force field in a virtual environment and transfer their new skills to the actual free motion condition, with performance comparable to practice while moving. Such nonmoving techniques should impact various training conditions when moving may not be possible. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provided early evidence supporting that training movement skills without moving is possible. In contrast to previous studies, our study involves 1) exploiting cross-modal sensory interactions between vision and proprioception in a motionless setting to teach motor skills that could be transferable to a corresponding physical task, and 2) evaluates the movement skill of controlling muscle-generated forces to execute arm movements in the presence of external forces that were only virtually present during training.
Pressure‐volume and airway closure relationships in each lung in anaesthetized man

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary. Airway closure, functional residual capacity (FRC) and transpulmonary pressure‐volume curves were assessed for each lung separately in the anaesthetized subject by means of a double lumen tracheal catheter. In the supine position airway closure occurred synchronously in the two lungs and 0–2‐0‐3 1 above FRC. The pressure‐volume curves in both lungs were rather similar and critical closing pressure (CP) was approximately 3 cmH 2 O in each lung. In the left lateral posture , FRC was increased in the non‐dependent and reduced in the dependent lung, while closing capacity (CC) remained unaltered. Airway closure was asynchronous and discontinuous between the two lungs. This was caused by the non‐linear transpulmonary pressure‐volume curve of the lungs, in conjunction with the vertical pleural pressure gradient. An interpulmonary ‘pendel‐luft’ phenomenon was observed in the left lateral posture, increasing inhomogeneity of ventilation. It may depend on regional differences in compliance.
How compactness affects long bone resistance to compression—An investigation into the rhinoceros humerus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The functional signal of bone internal structure has been widely studied. Isolated form‐function relationships have often been assumed from the observation of presumed morphofunctional relationships, but have never been truly tested. Indeed, distinct bone microanatomical feature co‐evolve in response to various constraints that are difficult to detangle. This study tested for the first time the impact of various microanatomical parameters taken one by one, plus some in pairs, on bone strength under compression using biomechanical modelling. We carried out finite element analyses on humerus models, obtained from a white rhinoceros, with different heterogeneous internal structures, and analysed the magnitude and distribution of von Mises stresses. These tests validated earlier hypotheses of form‐function relationships about the greater resistance to compression provided by the thickening of the cortex and the filling of the medullary area by trabecular bone and highlighted the stronger impact of increasing trabecular bone compactness than of avoiding an open medullary cavity. By making it possible to estimate the relative impact of each parameter and of combinations of microanatomical features, they also showed the more limited impact of the trabecular bone compactness in the epiphyses to resist compression, and the fact that microanatomical changes of opposite but of similar amplitude impact can compensate each other, but that the impact of the sum of two negative microanatomical changes far exceeds the sum of the impacts of each of the two changes taken separately. These results contribute to a better understanding of bone adaptation and form‐function relationships so that they later can be used with confidence for palaeobiological inferences on fossil specimens, contributing to a better understanding of skeletal evolution during the evolutionary history of vertebrates. They also highlight the potential of taking internal structure into account in the bone biomechanical analyses. In addition, they can be used in bioinspiration to design resistant structures subjected to compression.
Graph of words for document classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This FYP project is about the implementations and experimental studies of a novel framework for large data classifications of textual documents. Under this new framework, documents are first transferred from sentences into graph-of-words, so the original classification problem is then considered as graph classification and advanced representation learning (RL) model subgraph2vec can be applied. However, as shared by many other RL based methods, poor efficiency problem is serious because in general NLP dataset has a huge vocabulary. Thus, this project proposes hash embeddings version of subgraph2vec to significantly reduce required memory for training phase, make system become efficient without harming the quality of resultant representations. The approach is evaluated in terms of time, required memory, accuracy and f1 score with benchmark datasets on 3 domains (the first 2 are graph classification task and the last task is document classification). Through experiments, proposed approach outperforms other RL based methods and achieves comparable results with state-of-the-art method. Finally, the FYP project introduces semi supervised version of the method and observes the significant increases in sentimental analysis task.
[Sleep and sleep related breathing disorders in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

慢性阻塞性肺疾病（简称慢阻肺）患者睡眠质量下降，且夜间低氧伴/不伴高碳酸血症属于睡眠相关的呼吸障碍，应加以重视。慢阻肺易合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停，当两者并存时，患者的某些症状易被其中一种疾病掩盖，诊断较为困难。临床上应仔细询问病情，尽早识别并给予合适的治疗，以改善患者预后。.
Writing Method of the Article

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

There are two reasons to write the article. A profession must gain credibitiy so that physical therapists must develop the knowlege relating to the scientific method, The word science originates from the Latin scire which means to know. Research is the scientific method for finding the answer to question. This is an important method for physical therapists to improve the treatment and to find new technique. The other reason is that research encourages a critical attitude which is mandatory for the continued growth of a profession. To write the article, is must consider the following: title, abstract, key word, introduction, method, results, discussion, conclusion and reference. And then, when having finished the article, the author should check it on the eight items for the more excellent result.
Evaluation of dose dependent analgesic response by extracts of Myristica fragrans on albino wistar rats: an experimental study

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: The objective of the study was to evaluate analgesic activity of ethanolic extract, methanol and benzene fraction of Myristica fragrans on wistar albino rats.Methods: The present study was carried out in the department of pharmacology JNMC AMU and F.H. Medical College, Agra. The analgesic activity was evaluated by employing the Eddy’s hot plate method and tail flick response method. In both the tests, Rats of either sex weighing 150-200 g were used. The total number of animals n=36 were allocated to six groups. Each group consist of six animals each. The response noted in animals that were tested by hot plate method was reaction time for licking/biting of both the paws before and after administration of control & test drugs. However in Tail flick test, the pain threshold response was recorded before and after administration of control & test drugs. The statistical analysis was done by using one-way ANOVA. The data is expressed as Mean±SEM. P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: Ethanolic extracts and methanol fraction of M. fragrans showed statistically significant (p<0.001) increase in reaction time for licking/biting in hot plate method. On the contrary a significant increase in pain threshold was also recorded in tail flick response test. It is interesting to note that no significant degree of analgesia related to any dose of benzene fraction was observed.Conclusions: The present study reveals the dose dependent significant analgesic activity of the extracts of M. fragrans i.e. ethanolic extracts and methanol fraction in both the test. However, the degree of analgesia was recorded significantly higher in groups received higher doses of extracts of M. fragrans.
PERILAKU KONSUMTIF IBU RUMAH TANGGA (PERSPEKTIF SYARI’AT ISLAM)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Indonesia's economic growth in the developed and developing carry capita income of Indonesia's population also increased, causing living standards increasingly prosperous population. It is affected by the person's shopping behavior patterns including housewives as a family financial management, in addition to the shopping places are comfortable and provide all the needs of consumers influence consumer behavior. In Islamic Sharia, one of the functions treasure as jewelry, treasure the jewelry world are only temporary and for that reason, as a Muslim should be able to utilize the property as well as possible to worship Allah Swt.
Social and Reproductive Behaviour of Great Indian One-horned Rhino, Rhinoceros unicornis in Dudhwa National Park, U.P., India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Present work deals with the study of social and rep roductive behaviour of the great Indian one-horned rhino (Rhinoceros unicornis L., 1758) in Dudhwa National Park, Uttar Pradesh ( India). Indian rhinos are basically solitary creatures, but do not resent one another’s company. Occasionally, they form temporary associations con sisting of either all female or all male in a large lake or at grazing areas. The only strong social bond is the mother-calf unit, which may last for up to 2-3 years. Indian rhinos a re reluctant breeders i.e. the desire of courtship and mating behaviour in the male and female do not synchronize all time. Like female, male also undergoes a perio d of heat and these periods must coincide before mating takes pla ce. Knowledge about the social and reproductive behaviour is important strategic information that should be inco rporated into the conservation and management plan for the threatened Indian one-horned rhinos. The present st udy, conducted between January (2011) to December (2012), provides vital information to strengthen the availa ble data about behaviour of Indian rhinos.
A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Intravitreal Aflibercept for the Prevention of Progressive Diabetic Retinopathy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There is a considerable cost associated with the prevention of PDR and CI-DME with intravitreal aflibercept injections. A price per unit of change in DRSS is a new parameter that might serve as a benchmark in future utility analyses that could be used to bring the perspective to cost-utility considerations.
Twelve tips for effective PowerPoint presentations for the technologically challenged

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

PowerPoint provides teachers with the opportunity to create dynamic and innovative presentations that not only command attention but also are fun to use. This paper offers practical advice and encouragement to potential users who may consider themselves to be 'technologically challenged', that is, those teachers who have always wanted to make more use of technology in their teaching, but lacked the confidence and/or the basic computer skills to actually go out there and, 'just do it'. This advice covers basic and practical tips on such matters as the size of text, fonts and use of colour. It also covers some of the specific features of PowerPoint which some users have difficulty with. This includes the 'build', 'transition' and 'Clip Art' features. Perhaps the most useful tips, however, are the warnings about the technological traps and pitfalls which may strike the unwary or, most importantly, the unprepared!
[Inflammatory bowel disease with growth hormone deficiency in adolescents: an analysis of 4 cases and literature review].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic recurrent non-specific inflammatory disease in the intestinal tract. About 10%-56% of children with Crohn's disease and about 10% of children with ulcerative colitis have growth retardation. This study reports four adolescents with IBD and growth hormone deficiency who were diagnosed with Crohn's disease. There were three boys and one girl, with an age of 11.0-13.9 years and a disease duration of 11-85 months at diagnosis. The four patients had the involvement of the small intestine only, the colon only, both the small intestine and the upper gastrointestinal tract, and both the small intestine and the colon respectively. The pediatric Crohn's disease activity index ranged from 27.5 to 45 points. All four patients had a height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) of <-2, and the growth hormone provocative test suggested growth hormone deficiency. Of all four patients, two received recombinant human growth hormone combined with infliximab, one received infliximab only, and one received recombinant human growth hormone combined with mercaptopurine. All four patients had an improvement in HAZ after treatment.
Mozart's Serenade in B Flat, K.370a (K.361): a critical look at its historicity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Though there has long been debate concerning the dating and the inception of the Serenade for Thirteen Instruments in B Flat Major, K. 370a (K. 361), the greatest inquiry has arisen in this century with the public discovery and examination of the autograph score. Coincidental with traditional Mozart scholarship has been that which finds parallels in the wind band movement of this country encompassing the past twenty-five to thirty years. With the growing importance of the wind ensemble and its capacity to perform literature of various instrumentations, many contemporary scholars from the U.S. as well as Europe have responsibly probed questions directly related to early wind music, particularly the period of the late eighteenth century. Notable among these are Frederick Fennell, David Whitwell, Daniel Leeson and Neal Zaslaw of the United States, and Marius Flothuis, Erik Smith, and Roger Hellyer of Europe. Through their efforts much new information has come to light which both changes the perspective by which certain works have come to be viewed, and the very nature of performance practice itself. Indeed, the current deepening involvement with the wind ensemble approach in our colleges, universities, and even selected high schools, demands that solid historical inquiry be made concerning all early wind literature. Only in this way will wind players, conductors, and eventually the listening public become conscious of the aesthetic value of this music in our society. The Serenade in B Flat, despite the ambiguity surrounding its inception and the accuracy of the various manuscript and printed editions, is a vital staple in the repertoire of the wind band as well as that of the orchestra. In that it comes from the pen of Mozart's maturity and constitutes such an extensive display of imaginative writing within its seven movement span, the unreserved attention it receives in performance is easily matched by its musicological significance. This paper attempts to examine in general terms the period of harmoniemusik, Mozart's contributions to this genre, as well as the critical aspects of K. 370a in some detail. Included in the Appendices is a chronological list of owners of the autograph score, a survey list of Mozart's strictly wind works, a formal analysis of K. 370a, and a complete harmonic analysis of the Neue Mozart Ausgabe (NMA) score. Frequent use of the following abbreviations should be noted: AMA = Gesammtausgabe Mozart's Werke (1878 -1905); NMA = Neue Mozart Ausgabe (1955 and on); K1, K3, K6, K7 = respective Köchel catalogue editions. The use of Köchel numbers is in accordance with the latest major revision of the catalogue, namely, the sixth edition; older Köchel numbers appear in brackets. A comparison of Köchel equivalents between K1, K3 and K6 is given in Appendix A.
Visible-Light-Induced Three-Component Selenofunctionalization of Alkenes: An Aerobic Selenol Oxidation Approach

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A photocatalyst-free visible-light-induced selenofunctionalization of alkenes has been developed using a variety of nucleophiles. The homolytic scission of diselenides under visible-light conditions coupled with the aerobic selenol oxidation to diselenides allowed the successful implementation of three-component selenofunctionalization under visible-light irradiation in open-air conditions. The mechanistic studies revealed the critical role of oxygen content in a reaction medium, where the electron transfer process from the carbon-based radicals to either molecular oxygen or selenyl radicals was controlled.
Development of micro flow control system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This final year project report describes the method of minimizing the bonding gap to achieve fully filled wells on the microfluidic chip. A minimum gap is required to enable the trapped air in the microfluidic chip to be expelled out. With the reduction of the bonding thickness, a greater depth is created to enable more solutions to be stored and filled up the wells completely. The author conducted several experiments to test the effectiveness of the proposed method. The report first covers the developmental stage of the prototype, followed by the selection of the material, the fabrication of the chip, selection of bonding technique and the experimental results and discussions. During the developmental stage of the prototype, it was found out that mounting tape gives the best result but the thickness was not ideal. Furthermore, single inlet cover has been eliminated as air is trapped in the chip. Based on intense research and experimental results, a double inlet chip cover for PDMS replica and its holder were developed. The materials used for the microfluidic can be reused and hence it is cost saving and environmental friendly. The author discussed on the experiments conducted with dissimilar bonding techniques; Chloroform, Mounting Tapes and 3M VHB Tape.
Comparative Evaluation of the STANDARD F Influenza A/B FIA Test with the Sofia Influenza A+B FIA and SD BIOLINE Influenza Ag A/B/A(H1N1) tests for Influenza A Virus Detection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the STANDARD F Influenza A/B FIA test (SD Biosensor Inc., Korea) for the rapid detection of influenza A virus in comparison with the Sofia Influenza A+B FIA (Quidel Corp., USA) and SD BIOLINE Influenza Ag A/B/A(H1N1) (Standard Diagnostic, Inc., Korea) tests. Methods: A total of 227 non-duplicated nasopharyngeal aspirates submitted for real-time RT-PCR analysis were included in the study. We used the three commercial tests in remnant samples from routine assays, according to the manufacturer’s instructions. We analyzed the diagnostic performance, including sensitivity and specificity, of the three tests. Results: Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that 67 (29.5%) samples were positive and 160 (70.5%) were negative for influenza A virus, and that all the specimens were negative for influenza B. The overall sensitivity and specificity for influenza A virus detection were 50.7% and 100% for the STANDARD F, 50.7% and 100% for the Sofia, and 29.9% and 100% for the SD BIOLINE tests, respectively. The STANDARD F and SD BIOLINE tests showed negative results for influenza B virus in all specimens, whereas the Sofia test showed two false-positive results. Conclusion: The STANDARD F Influenza A/B test showed a good diagnostic performance and may be useful for the rapid diagnosis of influenza A.
Sustainable disposal of municipal solid waste: Post bioreactor landfill polishing

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Sustainable disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) requires assurance that contaminant release will be minimized or prevented within a reasonable time frame before the landfill is abandoned so that the risk of contamination release is not passed to future generations. This could be accomplished through waste acceptance criteria such as those established by the European Union (EU) that prohibit land disposal of untreated organic matter. In the EU, mechanical, biological and/or thermal pretreatment of MSW is therefore necessary prior to landfilling which is complicated and costly. In other parts of the world, treatment within highly engineered landfills is under development, known as bioreactor landfills. However, the completed bioreactor landfill still contains material, largely nonbiodegradable carbon and ammonia that may be released to the environment over the long-term. This paper provides a conceptual analysis of an approach to ensure landfill sustainability by the rapid removal of these remaining materials, leachate treatment and recirculation combined with aeration. The analysis in this paper includes a preliminary experimental evaluation using real mature leachate and waste samples, a modeling effort using a simplified mass balance approach and input parameters from real typical bioreactor cases, and a cost estimate for the suggested treatment method. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Batteries: Foldable Electrode Architectures Based on Silver‐Nanowire‐Wound or Carbon‐Nanotube‐Webbed Micrometer‐Scale Fibers of Polyethylene Terephthalate Mats for Flexible Lithium‐Ion Batteries (Adv. Mater. 7/2018)

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Crumply superflexible lithium-ion batteries based on current-collector-free and binder-free nanowire-around-microfiber electrode architectures are presented by Soojin Park, Hyun-Kon Song, and co-workers in article number 1705445. The battery cells, having high loading of active materials, are successfully operated without structural failure and performance loss under folding, crumpling, or even hammering. Their areal energy density is easily controllable by the number of folded stacks of a piece of the electrode mat.
Liebesduett aus: Madame Butterfly

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Performer: AULIKKI RAUTAWAARA; PETER ANDERS; ORCHESTER DER REICHSOPER, BERLIN Writer: Giacomo Puccini 1. Teil; Sopran:; Tenor:; Dirigent:. Digitized at 78 revolutions per minute. Four stylii were used to transfer this record. They are 3.5mil truncated eliptical, 2.3mil truncated conical, 2.8mil truncated conical, 3.3mil truncated conical. These were recorded flat and then also equalized with Turnover: 500.0. The preferred versions suggested by an audio engineer at George Blood, L.P. have been copied to have the more friendly filenames. Matrix number: 020751 Catalog number: E 1853