jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of Supplementation of Different Concentrate Rations on Weight Gain, Milk Yield, and Composition of Cross Bred Buffalo Cows

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of three concentrate supplements with different metabolizable energy (ME) levels on weight gain, milk yield and composition in milking buffalos.Sixteen Murrah × non-descriptive crossed bred milking cows (720±50kg) were used.Animals in treatment 1 (T1) were fed only with forages while animals in other three treatments were given 90% forages +10 % concentrate.The three treatments were Commercial concentrate feed (T2) (ME (Kcal/kg): 2500 ±0.75), farm made concentrate feed (T3) (ME (Kcal/kg): 2733.25±2.32)and experimental feed (T4) (ME (Kcal/kg): 2933.03±2.15).Experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four treatments and four replicates.Forage intake was reduced, when feeding concentrate rations with high energy and CP, recording highest reduction with T4 followed by T3 and T2.Significant enhancement (P<0.05) and also highest values of weight gain, milk yield, fat, protein, and solid non-fat were observed with T4.Conclusion can be drawn that, higher milk yield with better composition could be obtained by feeding high energy rations formulated with low cost, locally available ingredients.
Effect of chemoprophylaxis with an ivermectin sustained‐release bolus on acquired resistance to gastrointestinal parasites in cattle

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The influence of chemoprophylaxis with an ivermectin sustained‐release bolus in the first grazing season on the resistance of cattle to gastrointestinal nematodes during the following grazing season was investigated. In 1993 and 1994 dairy replacement calves were either given one bolus at the start of their first grazing season or left untreated. The two groups were grazed separately on a pasture that was divided into two similar sized paddocks. Faecal egg counts, serum pepsinogen and antibody levels were measured to evaluate host‐parasite contact. Pasture infection levels were estimated by pasture larval counts and worm counts in tracer calves. After winter housing the animals were monitored during their second grazing season on a pasture that was also divided into two similar sized paddocks. Acquired resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes was evaluated by faecal egg counts and weight gains. Again, pasture infection levels were determined and pepsinogen and antibody levels were measured. During the first grazing seasons gastrointestinal nematode infections were controlled very effectively by the bolus, as shown by the greater weight gains, the negligible faecal egg counts and the low serum pepsinogen and antibody levels in the treated calves. In contrast, all parameters showed extensive parasitehost contact in the untreated animals. The efficient prophylaxis in the treated groups resulted in low levels of larval contamination on the paddocks grazed by the treated animals, compared to moderate infection levels at the end of both first grazing seasons on the paddocks grazed by the untreated animals. During the second grazing seasons (1994 and 1995) the faecal egg output was low in all groups. Although in the previously treated animals faecal egg counts were consistently higher, the differences were minimal, resulting in comparable levels of larval contamination on both paddocks. Serum pepsinogen and antibody levels were not significantly different between the groups and indicated a similar level of larval uptake on both paddocks. No negative effect of the previous chemoprophylaxis on the clinical condition and the weight gain of the second season grazing animals was observed.
The design theory and methods of emotional concept product based on Kansei Engineering

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Up to now, the development of product design, in terms of purely rational function or external beauty, is no longer able to meet consumers' demand, and design sensibility and experience have become a new focus. With the rapid development of science and technology, there are abundant of material products in modern society, but at the same time, great changes have taken place in our material world and spiritual world. Under the premise that the basic needs have been satisfied, the needs of people have been shifted from material consumption to spiritual consumption, more and more people concern spiritual comfort and needs. In order to adapt to consumers' demand, product design pay more attention to emotional communications of products with people, to meet people's physical and psychological needs, so "Kansei" was referred to a new level, Kansei Engineering is a good way to translate sensibility into emotional element in product design. Based on the close association of perceptual science and cognitive sciences, from the perspective of cognitive psychology to position "Kansei" and making use of Kansei Engineering technology to translate "Kansei" into perceptual design elements to guide product design, we can put forward complete and feasible theory of emotional concept product model and the design methods combined with the design procedure.
Farming adaptations in the face of climate change

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Agriculture is one of the most vulnerable sectors to climate change, and in many agricultural communities climate change adaptations by farmers are underway. Farmers’ beliefs about climate change and their experiences with climate change, along with a range of other factors, could influence climate change adaptation. Utilizing a framework which draws from research examining how farmers’ climate change beliefs and experiences affect their adaptation strategies, and research on farm succession and adaptation at the rural–urban interface (RUI), we ask ‘How do climate change beliefs and different farm attributes (particularly the presence of an heir and location at the RUI) affect adaptation strategies?’ Preliminary findings indicate that adaptation varies based on multiple factors, including belief in climate change, the presence of an heir, geographical location and a variety of other farm characteristics and farmer attributes.
Local Algorithms for Block Models with Side Information

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

There has been a recent interest in understanding the power of local algorithms for optimization and inference problems on sparse graphs. Gamarnik and Sudan (2014) showed that local algorithms are weaker than global algorithms for finding large independent sets in sparse random regular graphs thus refuting a conjecture by Hatami, Lovász, and Szegedy (2012). Montanari (2015) showed that local algorithms are suboptimal for finding a community with high connectivityin the sparse Erdös-Rényi random graphs. For the symmetric planted partition problem (also named community detection for the block models) on sparse graphs, a simple observation is that local algorithms cannot have non-trivial performance.
Hepatoprotective effect ofHippocampus abdominalishydrolysate

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Recently, liver damage contributes to big percentage of the morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Excessive intake of alcohol is one of the major causes of liver injury. When liver injury is repeated and becomes chronic, it leads to development of fibrosis and cirrhosis. In the liver, TGF-β is a profibrogenic cytokine, which participates in various critical events cause liver fibrosis. Seahorse (Hippocampus abdominalis) is a common traditional Chinese medicine and has been widely used for centuries. Seahorse has been known to have a variety of bioactivities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-fatigue, and anti-tumor. Peptide is one of the main compounds of seahorse. In this study, we isolated enzymatic hydrolysate from seahorse H. abdominalis by alcalase hydrolysis and investigated the effect of the hydrolysate on liver injury. In the present in vitro studies, the hydrolysate increases cell viability of Chang cells and protects Huh7 cells from ethanol toxicity. In addition, the hydrolysate inhibits TGF-β-induced responses. In vivo studies show that the pretreatment of hydrolysate reduces alcohol-induced increases of serum Glutamic oxaloacetic acid transaminase and Glutamic pyruvate transaminase activities and increases liver weight and body weight. These results suggest that seahorse may have a hepatoprotective effect.
FRP-confined concrete in square columns: an advanced stress-strain model based on a new approach

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

It is well-known that the strength and ductility of reinforced concrete (RC) columns can be significantly enhanced through lateral confinement with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) jackets. As a result, extensive research has been conducted on the behavior of FRP-confined concrete in both circular and rectangular RC columns. For the former columns, the stress-strain behavior is now well understood and can be closely predicted by some of the existing models, but the same cannot be said about the latter columns. This paper presents a new attempt at understanding and modeling the confinement mechanism in square columns as a special case of rectangular columns, leading to a new stress-strain model. The salient features of the new model include a more rigorous definition of the effective confinement area and a corner hoop strain-axial strain relationship based on advanced finite element results as well as a more reliable definition of the ultimate condition based on experimental results. The proposed model is analogous in approach to analysis-oriented stress-strain models for FRP-confined concrete in circular columns, and represents a more advanced and robust method for modeling the stress-strain behavior of FRP-confined concrete in square columns than the existing stress-strain models for such columns which have normally been empirically based. The approach is believed to be easily extendable to FRPconfined concrete in rectangular columns.
HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CURCUMA LONGA LINN ON ANTITUBERCULAR DRUGS INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN ALBINO RATS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: The aim of this study was to screen the hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa on antitubercular drugs induced hepatotoxicity in rats.Methods: Hepatotoxicity was induced by a combination of three antitubercular drugs [isoniazid (I) 7.5mg/kg, Rifampin (R) 10 mg/kg and Pyrazinamide (P) 35mg/kg] given orally as a suspension for 30 days in rats.95% ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa (500mg/kg) was given orally for 30 days.The hepatoprotective activity was assessed using various biochemical parameters like SGOT, SGPT, ALP, Total bilirubin, unconjugated bilirubin, and total protein.At the end of study histological examinations were also carried out.Results: Treatment with Curcuma longa significantly (P<0.05-P<0.001)prevented the drug-induced an increase in serum levels of hepatic enzymes.Histopathology of liver tissue showed that Curcuma longa preserved the normal hepatic cell architecture.Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the protective effect of Curcuma longa against liver injury which may be attributed to its hepatoprotective activity, and thereby scientifically support its traditional uses.
[Mating behaviour of the Pycnopogon fasciculatus Loew (Diptera, Asilidae)].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Zusammenfassung

1
Bei der Raubfliege Pycnopogon fasciculatus vollfuhrt das ♂ vor dem sitzenden ♀ eine Flugbalz, die hauptsachlich anhand von Filmaufnahmen analysiert wurde. Das ♂ schwebt bei der Flugbalz dicht vor dem ♀, schwenkt dann bis 10 cm nach hinten aus, um auf der gleichen Flugbahn stosartig nach vorne vor das ♀ zu fliegen. Diesen Hin- und Herflug wiederholt das ♂ durchschnittlich 28mal. Zu Beginn der Flugbalz orientiert sich das ♂ durch Ertasten des weiblichen Vorderendes. Das ♂ halt die Beine an den beiden Umkehrpunkten der Flugbahn ganz verschieden (vgl. Abb. 2 c), zeigt aber keine Landehaltung. Flugtechnisch scheint die Veranderung der Beinstellung wenig Bedeutung zu haben. Ob die Beinhaltung vor dem ♀ aus einer ritualisierten Beuteubergabe hervorgegangen ist, bleibt offen. Das ♀ zeigt seine Abwehrbereitschaft bei der Flugbalz durch ritualisiertes Wackeln hochgehaltener Hinterbeine.

2
Das ♂ vollfuhrt seine Flugbalz auch vor toten, artgleichen ♀ und ♂♂ und auch vor artfremden, z. T. groseren Fliegen. Die Flugbalz ist kurzer als vor lebenden ♀♀ (durchschnittlich nur 14 Anfluge) und fuhrt wegen des Fehlens von Abwehrsignalen des ♂ doppelt so haufig zu einem unmittelbar anschliesenden Kopulationsversuch.

3
Sitzende ♂♂ schlagen gegen anfliegende ♂♂ ihre Vorderbeine schnell abwechselnd in die Luft. Dieses Vorderbeinwirbeln tritt auch beim Schweben des ♂ vor dem ♀ wahrend der Balz auf und wird als Abwehrhandlung gedeutet. Durch das Vorderbeinwirbeln gegen andere ♂♂ kommt es unter naturlichen Umstanden nicht zur Flugbalz vor sitzenden ♂♂.

4
♀♀ vertreiben arteigene ♀♀ und artfremde Fliegen haufig von ihrem Sitzast durch Anlaufen mit schrag angestellten, seitlich abgespreizten Flugeln.

5
Das ♂ versucht in 31 % der Falle die Kopulation unmittelbar nach der Flugbalz (n = 96). Nicht Hochhalten der Hinterbeine des ♀ lost beim ♂ einen Kopulationsversuch aus. Die Kopulation dauert mindestens 15 min und vollzieht sich in der “end-to-end position”.

6
Das Paarungsverhalten von Pycnopogon fasciculatus last sich als Handlungskette darstellen (Tab. 2).

7
Das Paarungsverhalten der rauberischen, in einigen Fallen auch kannibalischen Asilidenfamilie ist sehr unterschiedlich. Auser Flugbalz ist Balz auf fester Unterlage und Uberwaltigung des ♀ durch das ♂ ohne vorausgehende Balzhandlungen bekannt.
DADO -- Low-Cost Query Strategies for Deep Active Design Optimization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this experience report, we apply deep active learning to the field of design optimization to reduce the number of computationally expensive numerical simulations. We are interested in optimizing the design of structural components, where the shape is described by a set of parameters. If we can predict the performance based on these parameters and consider only the promising candidates for simulation, there is an enormous potential for saving computing power. We present two selection strategies for self-optimization to reduce the computational cost in multi-objective design optimization problems. Our proposed methodology provides an intuitive approach that is easy to apply, offers significant improvements over random sampling, and circumvents the need for uncertainty estimation. We evaluate our strategies on a large dataset from the domain of fluid dynamics and introduce two new evaluation metrics to determine the model's performance. Findings from our evaluation highlights the effectiveness of our selection strategies in accelerating design optimization. We believe that the introduced method is easily transferable to other self-optimization problems.
Why do couples seek relationship help online? Description and comparison to in‐person interventions

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Couples are increasingly utilizing newly developed online adaptations of couple therapy; however, different presenting problems could drive couples to seek either online or in‐person services. This study compared the presenting problems of 151 couples seeking an online couple intervention for relationship distress (OurRelationship) with responses from 147 couples seeking in‐person couple therapy. Presenting problems were generally consistent across gender and whether or not the respondent was the initial help‐seeker. Online and in‐person samples frequently endorsed difficulties with communication and emotional intimacy; however, they differentially endorsed trust, time together, and child/parenting difficulties. Therefore, while basing online interventions on existing couple therapies is generally supported, efforts should be made to tailor online services to meet the unique needs of this population.
Stability of productivity parameters of six cocoa clones [Theobroma cacao (Malvaceae)] during the main production season in Cte dIvoire

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The strong climatic fluctuation observed during the major cocoa production period with reductions in rainfall and rising temperatures lead to a low graining index. This climatic situation makes cocoa marketing difficult for producers. The stability of quantitative productivity parameters in six cacao clones on farm was analyzed during the main production season. Flowering, average pod weight, number of beans per pod, average bean weight, bean size, and pod index were analyzed. The results obtained showed that the flowering intensity of the clones was high in September (49.07). The average weight of pods decreased from 511.38 g in September to 433.53 g in January. The average weight of a bean and the weight of 100 beans, respectively of 1.3 g and 125.62 g at the beginning of the season dropped in January to 1.13 g and 94.03 g. Clones C8 and C15 showed more stable agronomic characteristics, notably average pod weight, average bean weight, bean size, and pod index during the major production phase. These two promising clones could be used in the rehabilitation phase of degraded cacao plantation, given the stability of their agronomic characteristics. Key words: Cocoa, flowering, pod index, yield.
Multiple niche-based analyses reveal the dual life of an intertidal reef predator

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 624:131-141 (2019) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13027 Multiple niche-based analyses reveal the dual life of an intertidal reef predator Ryan Andrades1,2,*, Juliana M. Andrade1, Pedro S. Jesus-Junior1, Raphael M. Macieira3, Angelo F. Bernardino1, Tommaso Giarrizzo2, Jean-Christophe Joyeux1 1Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, 29075-910 Espírito Santo, Brazil 2Núcleo de Ecologia Aquática e Pesca da Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Terra Firme, Belém, 66040-170, PA, Brazil 3Laboratório de Ecologia Marinha, Universidade Vila Velha, 29102-920 Espírito Santo, Brazil *Corresponding author: ryanandrades@gmail.com ABSTRACT: Intraspecific niche shifts occur in nature and can be measured from different ecological views, including distributional, dietary and behavioral aspects. While the ecological niche concept is widely known and adopted, it has been applied to very different approaches in ecological investigations. In this study, we addressed 4 niche-based analyses (spatial, dietary, isotopic and functional) to investigate whether the ecological niche of the intertidal predatory fish Labrisomus nuchipinnis varies ontogenetically between juvenile and adult stages. L. nuchipinnis adults inhabited more complex intertidal tidepools dominated by calcareous algae, rocky rubbles and macroalgae, whereas juveniles occurred in pools with a predominantly sandy substrate. Also, dietary and isotopic niches indicated a trophic niche partitioning between juveniles and adults, with the latter foraging on more diverse (8 vs. 2 dominant prey types) and large-sized food resources (e.g. grapsid crabs). The ecological functional niche based on 10 morphological traits corroborated that juveniles and adults did not overlap their niches in functional space, which may facilitate juvenile survival and adult growth in a semi-confined intertidal ecosystem. Our study revealed that L. nuchipinnis exhibits a marked niche change during its life cycle, thus acting as distinct ecological species along its ontogenetic development. This evidence suggests that niche variations within coastal marine ecosystems may be a strategy to increase fitness in a highly competitive environment. KEY WORDS: Ontogeny · Tidepool · Rockpool · Atlantic · Tropical · Niche Full text in pdf format Supplementary material PreviousNextCite this article as: Andrades R, Andrade JM, Jesus-Junior PS, Macieira RM, Bernardino AF, Giarrizzo T, Joyeux JC (2019) Multiple niche-based analyses reveal the dual life of an intertidal reef predator. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 624:131-141. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13027 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 624. Online publication date: August 15, 2019 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2019 Inter-Research.
Görsel-İşitsel Medya Tabanlı Çevrimiçi Öğretmen Eğitimi Dersinde İngilizce Çeşitleri Üzerine Düşünceler

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper reports on a classroom-based research study aiming at raising EFL pre-service teachers’ awareness of varieties of English by means of listening journals in an online teacher training course. 143 journals which were written (bi-)weekly by the trainees throughout the course term served both as a pedagogical tool and a research instrument. Their reflections on the web-based audiovisual materials of their choice revealed that the journals have been influential in realising the research aim in that the trainees were exposed to various English uses through these materials. As the course which comprised reading articles on native speakerism, standard English versus World Englishes, reflection tasks, presentations and classroom discussions progressed, they expanded the range of English uses in their web-based audiovisual materials. They started with more Centre-based uses of English specific to Inner-Circle-called countries such as the UK, the USA, Canada and developed a growing interest in the emerging uses of English in the Expanding and Outer Circle-called countries in the upcoming weeks. Drawing on the conclusions from their reflections in the listening journals, I will discuss the points which they have become mindful of and touch on practical implications and suggestions for future research.
Evaluation of sustainable development in Europe: context and introduction

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this volume a glance at the current state of the art of evaluating sustainable development policies, programmes and projects (PPP) in Europe is presented. The aim is not to offer an encompassing overview of all the efforts undertaken in this respect, which even within the comparatively short historical time span of these activities would involve screening and analysing a rather sizeable volume of literature. The attempt made and reported here is rather to raise the most significant issues involved when an evaluation project is planned and carried out. The list of such issues to be considered is by no means complete, but only the result of analysing the contributions presented in this volume and the impression gained from the pertinent literature. In the Chapters to follow, these topics are discussed with varying intensity and emphasis depending on the specific focus of the individual contributions.<br />This introductory chapter aims at providing context and a brief overview. In terms of broad categories of issues discussed these were identified as the concept of sustainable development (SD) itself and its operationalization and specification, the role of evaluation in the political processes involved, the referential frame (time, space and so on) as well as the methodological approaches to be considered.