jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 1753 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "Continent is one of (North America, South America)", "TaxonKey is Hygrocybe singeri (A.H.Sm. & Hesler) Singer" ] } The dataset includes 1753 records from 11 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0031631-241126133413365/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Assessing the Viability of Biochemical Networks Across Planets

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The concept of the origin of life implies that initially, life emerged from a non-living medium. If this medium was Earth’s geochemistry, then that would make life, by definition, a geochemical process. The extent to which life on Earth today could subsist outside of the geochemistry from which it is embedded is poorly quantified. By leveraging large biochemical datasets in conjunction with planetary observations and computational tools, this research provides a methodological foundation for the quantitative assessment of our biology’s viability in the context of other geospheres. Investigating a case study of alkaline prokaryotes in the context of Enceladus, we find that the chemical compounds observed on Enceladus thus far would be insufficient to allow even these extremophiles to produce the compounds necessary to sustain a viable metabolism. The environmental precursors required by these organisms provides a map for the compounds which should be prioritized for detection in future planetary exploration missions. The results of this framework have further consequences in the context of planetary protection, and hint that forward contamination may prove infeasible without meticulous intent.
Recovery of gamblers anonymous members under the COVID-19 social distancing policy in South Korea

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

People with a gambling problem, especially those participating in Gamblers Anonymous (GA), are likely to suffer under social distancing policies necessitated to curb the spread of COVID-19. Accordingly, this study identified difficulties in recovery conditions and strategies related to GA under the social distancing policy in Korea using a case study approach. Following the case study process, categorical aggregation and direct interpretation were implemented to analyse nine cases, and an integrated main theme, the spontaneous efforts of GA participants to recover under the social distancing policy, was discovered with seven sub-themes. Based on the findings, difficulties, subjectivity, and new recovery strategies of GA participants were identified, and political and practical implications for recovery were drawn.
TREATMENT OF LOCALLY ADVANCED SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA OF THE HEAD AND NECK WITH CONCURRENT RADIOCHEMOTHERAPY - RANDOMIZED COMPARISON OF CISPLATIN VERSUS CARBOPLATIN

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Several phase II studies have shown that concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT) improves the response rates and locoregional control in patients with advanced, unresectable squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck (H&N). However, it is still unclear which is the drug of choice to be given with RT. We therefore conducted a randomized comparison of cisplatin (CDDP)-RT versus carboplatin (CRP)-RT in such patients. The two platinum compounds were given at equitoxic doses. The primary objective of the study was to compare the side effects and the response rates of the two regimens. Radiotherapy was given at conventional dosages, 2 Gy for 5 days every week for a total dose of 64 Gy with CDDP 80 mg/m2 or CRP 375 mg/m2 for three cycles on days 1, 21 and 42. At present 53 patients are entered in the study: 27 in the CDDP arm and 26 in the CRP. The two arms were balanced for all the pre-treatment characteristics. Both the schedules were well tolerated. However, incidence of nausea and vomiting (p=0.0045); anemia (p=0.032) and peripheral neuropathy (p=0.032) was significantly greater with CDDP-RT as compared to CRP-RT. On the other hand, CRP-RT gives a significantly higher incidence of stomatitis (p=0.0067) and a marginally worse thrombocytopenia (p=0.09). The complete response (CR) rates were similar in the two arms (55.5% in the CDDP-RT versus 61.5% in that CRP-RT, respectively) as well as the overall response rates (92.5% versus 84.5%, respectively; p=0.36). The estimated 1 -and 2 year overall and disease-free survival rates were not significantly different in the two arms. In both the groups logistic-regression models showed that those patients with a CR (p=0.017); stage III (p=0.011); smaller primary (p=0.025) and limited node-involvement (p<0.001) had a significant better survival. We conclude that concurrent chemo-radiotherapy is an effective and safe treatment for patients with locally advanced H&N cancer. The combination CRP-RT possess a similar activity but a different, and perhaps a more favorable, spectrum of toxicity when compared to the CDDP-RT therapy. Survival results need to be assessed in a larger series and followed for a more prolonged time.
Paleoclimatic value of sediment pixel intensity time series from Lago Argentino, Patagonia

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. The quantity and characteristics of sediment deposited in lakes are affected by climate to varying extents. As sediment is deposited, it provides a record of past climatic or environmental conditions. However, determining a direct relationship between specific climatic variables and measurable sediment properties, for instance between temperature and sediment optical reflectance, is complex. In this study, we investigate the suitability of sediment reflectance, recorded as digital pixel intensity (PxI), as a paleoclimate proxy at a large ice-contact lake in southern Patagonia, Lago Argentino. We also evaluate whether sediment PxI can be used to investigate the present-day climatic drivers of sedimentation across Lago Argentino. First, we show that sediment PxIs relate to underlying sediment composition, and are significantly correlated with XRF major element compositional data. Secondly, we find that PxIs correlate with both austral summer temperatures and austral summer wind speeds, but not with precipitation. PxI timeseries reach the correlation significance threshold for use as paleo-temperature or paleo-wind speed proxies. However, high spatial variability and the non-unique relationship between PxI and both temperature and wind speed challenges the necessary assumption of stationarity at Lago Argentino. While we do not find it suitable for use as a paleoclimatic proxy, significant correlations between PxI and instrumental climate data do chronicle current climatic controls on sediment deposition at Lago Argentino: high summer temperatures enhance settling of coarse, optically dark grains across the lake basin by promoting ice melt and lake stratification, while high wind speeds reduce the settling of fine, optically bright grains in the ice-proximal regions by transporting sediment-rich waters away from the glacier fronts. The assumptions required for quantitative paleoclimatic reconstruction must be carefully evaluated in complex lacustrine environments, but records unsuitable for use as proxies might nevertheless yield valuable information about the drivers of modern sedimentary transport and deposition.
Residue Levels of Endogenous Estrogens in Beef Tissues2

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Endogenous estrogen concentrations in edible tissues of cows, bulls and steers were compared with those of steers with estrogen implants. Concentrations are expressed as pg estrogen/g of tissue, wet weight. In addition, depletion rates of estradiol-17 beta (E2 beta) estrone (E1) and estradiol-17 alpha (E2 alpha) from these tissues and blood plasma were determined. In muscle, the main estrogen was E2 beta, regardless of sexual status (nonpregnant cow, bull or steer); however, concentrations approached the lower limits of analytical sensitivity. In liver and kidney, E2 beta and E1 were equimolar (25 to 40 pg/g for each) in heifers and steers, whereas in kidney fat, concentrations of E1 exceeded those of E2 beta. Concentrations of E1 in fat were slightly higher in bulls than in cows or steers. The predominant estrogen in fat during pregnancy was E1, with concentrations 150 times greater than those of nonpregnant heifers or nonimplanted steers and 75 times the concentration found in steers with E2 beta implants. In kidney of pregnant cows, E1 rose 40-fold and in liver 10-fold over that of implanted steers. Concentrations of E2 alpha were low and depleted rapidly after withdrawal of an E2 beta implant. Tissue depletion studies of the three estrogens demonstrated that E1 disappeared from plasma, fat, liver and kidney more slowly than E2 beta or E2 alpha. Depletion of E2 beta from the tissue can be manipulated as shown by the faster rate of depletion in implanted steers than in nonimplanted steers. Because E1 is cleared from fat more slowly than E2, and E1 concentrations are higher, this estrogen-tissue combination should be used to monitor estrogen implants as anabolic agents.
[The Value of MRI Texture Analysis in Identifying Intraductal Carcinoma of the Prostate Gland].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The incidence of adenocarcinoma with IDCP is higher in high-grade invasive prostate cancer. It is wonderful that when compared with T2WI, enhanced sequential texture analysis is more valuable when using the radiomics approach based on MRI texture analysis in identifying IDCP in prostate cancer.
THE IMPACT OF MATERNAL CARDIAC DISEASES ON FETAL OUTCOMES: A RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the impact of maternal cardiac diseases on fetal outcomes at the Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences (LUMHS). The study was conducted over one year, from December 2018 to December 2019, and involved a sample size of 120 participants. The study utilized medical records of pregnant women with cardiac diseases who delivered at LUMHS over the past 5 years. The data collected included maternal demographic and medical history, fetal and neonatal outcomes, and other relevant medical information. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data and determine the prevalence of maternal cardiac diseases and their impact on fetal outcomes. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors associated with adverse fetal outcomes, such as preterm birth, low birth weight, stillbirth, and congenital anomalies. The results showed that 20% of pregnant women had cardiac disease, with rheumatic heart disease being the most common. Women with cardiac diseases were found to be at higher risk for adverse fetal outcomes, including preterm birth, low birth weight, stillbirth, and congenital anomalies. Logistic regression analysis revealed that maternal age, parity, and type of cardiac disease were significant predictors of adverse fetal outcomes. These findings emphasize the importance of early identification and managing maternal cardiac diseases to prevent adverse fetal outcomes. The study contributes to growing maternal and fetal health research, particularly in high-risk populations such as pregnant women with cardiac diseases. It underscores the need for multidisciplinary management involving obstetricians, cardiologists, and neonatologists to optimize maternal and fetal outcomes in this population.
Variations of the fecundity of a rearing population of Sahlbergella singularis Hagl. (Hemiptera: Miridae) in relation with cocoa tree phenology and canopy microclimatic conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Mirid bugs are regarded as the most damaging pests of cocoa in Africa. In Cameroon, Sahlbergella singularis is by far the most common mirid species on cocoa. In nature, S. singularis populations display sharp seasonal fluctuations. Yet, in absence of integrated studies, including cocoa tree growth and physiology, chemical ecology, as well as mirid life history, the origin of these seasonal variations has not been clarified. Therefore, we studied the impact of cocoa tree phenology and canopy microclimatic conditions on survival and fecundity of S. singularis, with the aim of contributing to a better understanding of the seasonal variations of S. singularis. Ten to 25 newly moulted females were sampled from ten successive generations of a rearing population, i.e. generations G1 to G5 in 2006 and generations G8 to G12 in 2007. After a premating period of 5 days, females were mated for 24 hours and transferred on sleeved pods, in an on-station plot. Because they were embedded in the plant tissues, eggs were difficult to detect. Therefore, we assessed fecundity by a daily monitoring of nymph emergence. Cocoa phenology was characterized by weekly counting of flowers, growing pods, adult pods and ripe pods, of one branch of the ten cocoa trees used for experimentation. Vegetative growth was assessed by grading the flush abundance on a notation scale. Temperature and relative humidity were recorded within the cocoa canopy with a Testo humidity/temperature logger. Fecundity displayed great variations both within and between generations. Mean fecundity per generation decreased significantly from G1 to G5 and from G8 to G12. In 2006, mean fecundity dropped from 49.3 ± 41.4 nymphs/female to 4.6 ± 12.1 nymphs/female. In 2007, mean fecundity dropped from 89.2 ± 94.0 nymphs/female to 16.7 ± 21.1 nymphs/female. The maximum fecundity was obtained for a female of the generation G8, with 236 nymphs. Fecundity was correlated with the abundance of the fruiting organs and especially with the abundance of growing pods. In the other hand, individual fecundity was negatively correlated with the mean flushing score and the maximum daily temperature. Since mean fecundity varied according to natural populations, we hypothesize that the drop of fecundity is an important parameter of the decrease in mirid densities in nature. The use of such results in pest management strategies against cocoa mirids is discussed. (Texte intégral)
Politics and personality disorder: the demise of psychiatry?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

aDepartment of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London, UK; and bChester Mental Health Center, Medical Diagnostic Department, Chester, Illinois, USA Correspondence to Professor John Gunn, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 5AF, UK.. Tel: +44 020 7919 3123; fax: +44 020 7277 0283; e-mail: [email protected]
[Fatal legionellosis in an infant treated with ACTH].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A new case of fatal systemic legionnaires' disease is reported in an infant. This 8 month-old boy was given a protracted treatment with adrenocorticotropic hormones for infantile spasms. Legionella pneumophila type I was found in tracheal secretions and there was multivisceral involvement at autopsy. The mode of contamination and the severity of the disease are discussed in the light of the immunosuppressive properties of the glucocorticoids administered over a period of 4 weeks.
A CROSS‐CULTURAL STUDY OF PERSONALITY: EGYPTIAN AND ENGLISH CHILDREN*

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

679 Egyptian boys and 696 girls completed the Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, translated into Arabic. Factor comparisons were moderately high for extraversion and social desirability but weak for neuroticism and psychoticism. Suitable item substitution produced a scoring key resulting in adequate reliabilities with the exception of a somewhat low reliability for the boys on extraversion and low reliabilities on psychoticism for both sexes. Sex differences on means of the dimensions were as usual, boys scoring higher than girls on extraversion and psychoticism, but lower on neuroticism and social desirability. Moreover, on comparing Egyptian with English means, using scales of items in common only, the English boys and girls scored higher than their Egyptian counterparts on extraversion but significantly lower on social desirability. British boys scored higher on psychoticism than did Egyptian boys but British girls scored lower than Egyptian girls.
Research advances in molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis: From technical improvement to clinical applications (Review)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a chronic disease causing severe impairment to the respiratory system and digestive tracts. Currently, CF is incurable. As an autosomal recessive disorder, the morbidity of CF is significantly higher among Caucasians of European descent, whereas it is less pervasive among African and Asian populations. The disease is caused by identical mutations (homozygosity) or different mutations (heterozygosity) of an autosomal recessive mutation at position 7q31.2‑q31.1 of chromosome 7. Diagnostic criteria and guidelines work concurrently with laboratory detection to facilitate precise CF detection. With technological advances, the understanding of CF pathogenesis has reached an unprecedented level, allowing for increasingly precise carrier screening, more effective early stage CF intervention and improved prognostic outcomes. These advances significantly increase the life quality and expectancy of patients with CF. Given the numerous improvements in the field of CF, the current review summarized the technical advances in the study of the molecular mechanisms underlying CF, as well as how these improvements facilitate the clinical outcomes of CF. Furthermore, challenges and obstacles to overcome are discussed.
Population Dynamics of Tomato Fruit Borer <i>Helicoverpa Armigera</i>

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In order to gain a better understanding of the seasonal development and dynamics of tomato fruit borer (Helicoverpa armigera) on tomato in the Zaid season 2022, an experimental study was carried out in the state of Punjab. The population distribution of fruit borer pest is influenced during the growth season of the crop by abiotic conditions, and these factors can have either a favourable or negative effect. As a result of the fact that tomatoes can be cultivated during a variety of seasons, one can see vivid population dynamics in case of fruit borer during the Standard Meteorological Weeks (SMW). In the current experiment, the first occurance of a fruit borer was noticed during the 11th standard meterological week (the second week of March), and the population reached its highest peak during the 18th and 19th SMW (the first week of May). According to the findings of the correlation studies, maximum and minimum temperature have a significant positive relationship in either enhancing or lowering the population of fruit borers.
ATLAS OF PLASTER CAST TECHNIQUES. By E. E. Bleck, M.D., Orthopedic Surgeon, San Mateo Clinic, Calif.; Nellie Duckworth and Nancy Hunter, Technicians, North Carolina Orthopedic Hospital, Gastonia, N.C. 9½ x 7 in. Pp. 128, with 347 figures. Index. 1956. Chicago, Illinois: The Year Book Publishers Inc. London: Interscience Publishers Ltd. Price 36s

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ATLAS OF PLASTER CAST TECHNIQUES. By E. E. Bleck, M.D., Orthopedic Surgeon, San Mateo Clinic, Calif.; Nellie Duckworth and Nancy Hunter, Technicians, North Carolina Orthopedic Hospital, Gastonia, N.C. 9½ x 7 in. Pp. 128, with 347 figures. Index. 1956. Chicago, Illinois: The Year Book Publishers Inc. London: Interscience Publishers Ltd. Price 36s
A/C-Ring Colchicine Analogues: a Comparison of Molecular Conformations of the Minimized and Crystal Structures

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Molecular mechanics and molecular orbital calculations have been used to determine the low-energy conformations of six biaryl analogues of colchicine lacking the seven-membered B-ring. A comparison of the conformations resulting from the different minimizations has been made, and these conformations were also compared with those found in the solid state for the respective biaryl analogues and the A/C-ring systems of colchicine and isocolchicine. The barriers to rotation about the A/C-linkage of the analogues were estimated from rotational plots. The MM+ calculations were not satisfactory for estimating the barriers, whilst the MMX, MAXIMIN2 and AM1 values, although agreeing on average only to within 16 kJ mol-1 , exhibited the expected trend in magnitude. This trend, however, did not correlate with the inhibition of tubulin polymerization to microtubules.
735 Progress in Clinical Development of Dexanabinol for Traumatic Brain Injury

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Biegon, Anat PhD; Knoller, Nachshon MD; Kassem, Nadim MD; Levi, Lion MD; Razon, Nisim MD; Reichenthal, Eli MD; Rappaport, Zvi H. MD; Schickler, Michael PhD; Shoshan, Igal MD
Localizing Therapeutics to the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest organelle which can cover the entire cytoplasmic region of a cell, alters in response to cellular signals, and demands and forms contacts with the nuclear envelop, the plasma membrane, and an array of organelles including mitochondria, microtubules, peroxisomes, endosomes, and the Golgi apparatus. The sheets and tubules of the ER can undergo dynamic alterations and remodeling and have tailored ratios in specialized cells. Due to the critical functions of the ER in protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, calcium regulation, and managing the ER stress-autophagy axis, the ER is an ideal pharmacologic target for a range of diseases from cancer to diabetes, atherosclerosis, and neurodegeneration. The most rational approach to ER targeting is by mimicking endogenous protein ER targeting with synthetic peptides and recombinant proteins. Combining this targeting approach with nanomedicine enables the delivery of an array of therapeutics.
Universal Design for Learning and Assistive Technology

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Universal Design for Learning (UDL) has become a popular and effective way to help all students access what is taught in the classroom. Modeled after universal design, which enabled people with disabilities to access multiple physical environments, UDL provides access to the curriculum via three guiding principles: (a) multiple means of representation, (b) multiple means of expression, and (c) multiple means of engagement. This chapter looks at UDL and Assistive Technology (AT) for students who have specific Learning Disabilities (LD). Further, the authors examine AT research that has been conducted with students who have LD in reading, writing, and mathematics, and they provide case studies wherein UDL and AT are used to enhance accessibility in U.S. schools, specifically Grades 1 and 6 as well as high school.