jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Institutional trust, political participation, and corruption: A European comparative perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite the theoretical and political importance of the relationship between institutional trust and different forms of political participation in Europe, theoretical and empirical focus on post-industrial economies leave the literature wanting of explanations of cross-national variation in political participation. In this article, we test whether levels of corruption influence the relationship between institutional trust and participation. We rely on the 9th wave of the European Social Survey results for an in-depth analysis of the relationship between institutional trust, political participation, and perceived corruption in 27 countries. The multilevel regression analysis results show that the effect of institutional trust on institutionalised political participation (including voting) is moderated by corruption. However, corruption does not moderate the relationship between institutional trust and non-institutionalised forms of participation.
A Review on Bioactives and Pharmacological Activities of Senna occidentalis L.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Senna occidentalis is an Ayurvedic medicinal plant that has been used in many traditional medicines to treat various diseases. This plant has been known to possess pharmacological activities like antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective activity, antitry-panosomal activity, wound healing and sun protective effects. Chemical compounds like achrosin, aloeemodin, emodin, anthraquinones, anthrones, apigenin, aurantiobtusin, campesterol, cassiollin, chryso-obtusin, chrysophanic acid, chrysarobin, chrysophanol, chrysoeriol etc. have been isolated from this plant. The present review summarizes the information related to the bioactive compounds and Pharmacognostical activities of Senna occidentalis plant extracts.
Kaempferol, a mutagenic flavonol from Helichrysum simillimum

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Helichrysum simillimum is native to South Africa. It is used for the treatment of coughs, colds, fever, infections, headache, and menstrual pain. Extracts of this species showed mutagenic effects in the Salmonella/microsome assay. The aim of this study was to isolate and determine the mutagenic constituents of H. simillimum. Bioassay-guided fractionation of 90% aqueous methanol extracts, using Salmonella typhimurium TA98, led to the isolation of the flavonol kaempferol.
A cooperative particle swarm optimization with constriction factor based on simulated annealing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As many engineering optimization problems are rather complicated, it is usually necessary to search the optimal solution in a complex and huge search space. When faced with these large-scale problems, conventional optimization algorithms need to traverse the entire search space and it is impossible for them to finish the search within polynomial time. Moreover, it can't meet requirements in terms of computation velocity, convergence and sensitivity to initial value. So, it is very difficult to apply them to engineering optimization problems. Swarm intelligence methods simulate the collective behaviors of social creatures in the nature and they come from the relationship between the community formed by simple individuals and the environment as well as the interactions between the individuals. A single individual can only perform simple tasks, but the population formed by single individuals can fulfill complex tasks. Such intelligence presented by such population is called swarm intelligence. Due to the limitations of existing optimization algorithms, it is usually impractical to obtain excellent computational performance with only one optimization algorithm. In consideration of the jumping property of simulated annealing, it is not easy to get trapped into local minimum and it has strong local search capability near the optimal value and fast convergence velocity. This paper combines it with particle swarm optimization, proposes a cooperative particle swarm optimization with constriction factor based on simulated annealing (SA-CPSO), offers guidelines on selection of related parameters and dynamically adjusts the particle velocity according to its movement track. In this way, it improves the convergence velocity of the algorithm by improving the spatial search ability of the particle so as to make the particle accept the solution which makes the fitness of the objective function "better" as well as the solution that makes the said fitness "worse" at a certain probability during the flight of the particle. The experiment shows that the SA-CPSO improves the diversity of the particle and enhances its ability to get rid of locally optimal solutions. So, SA-CPSO is not easy to be trapped into local optimum and it has stronger ability of global optimization, a faster convergence velocity and higher convergence accuracy.
Revisiting the EU Legal System: Substantive & Procedural Loyalty for the Judicial Enforcement of the Rule of Law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Aiming to foster reflection on the role of the EU regarding the enforcement of the rule of law, this essay revisits, in a normative fashion, the Union’s legal system with references to recent and established case law and literature. It understands the judicial enforcement of the rule of law as a synonym of effective judicial protection and analyses the pluralistic system of the Union as being overarched by loyalty. It then introduces three specific components of the rule of law related to its judicial enforcement. The first concerns its material aspect: the standards of protection of rights and principles. The contribution opines that the systemic analysis of the Union excludes conflicts of standards. The second component refers to judicial control. It is argued that the related structural obligations of the Member States are enforceable by individual claims grounded on a self-standing right. The last component is organic and relates to the judge. The contribution posits that the national judge is empowered by her European mandate to enforcing the rule of law. While the technique of exceptional circumstances as part of the mechanism of the European arrest warrant confirms this position, cases of constitutional conflicts suggest the procedural deficiency. EU legal system, rule of law, effective judicial protection, judicial enforcement of the rule of law, multidimensional legal system, substantive loyalty, standards of protection, procedural loyalty, duties of the Member States, individual claims, European mandate of the national judge, judicial cooperation, preliminary ruling, exceptional circumstances, constitutional conflicts
Episode 54: Mike's Small Business

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

It's time to talk about Kanye West. Just kidding. Or, I don't know, maybe. Do it on your own time. This is about other stuff. For example: remembering the \\"Internet as a series of tubes\\" guy, who is now dead, why our sons hate making deals, 5th Dimensional Shifts, and VUDU Gift Cards. Plus, the complete guide to growing taters in space, and a couple letters for good measure.For more thoughts on which characters in movies should ultimately be named Tom Cruise, head on over to The Flat Earth Network at www.patreon.com/yourkickstartersucks. Especially if you're a big fan of Vancouver-based stand-up comedians.Music for this episode of YKS is provided by:Twitter's @lydiaburrellDrew Toothpaste (www.theworstthingsforsale.com)and the one and only Mark Brendle. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.
Risk stratification could reduce costs in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

England is rolling out a major primary prevention programme for cardiovascular disease, the NHS Health Check.1 2 Only patients at high risk of diabetes need a blood glucose test, not all need serum creatinine tests, but all must have lipids assessed. We investigated, using data from 73 853 medical records in NHS Ealing,3 the need to measure lipids …
Rozum w służbie polityki, czyli demokracja i oświata w myśli markiza de Condorcet

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study aims to highlight the role of education in a democratic society in the political philosophy of Nicolas de Condorcet. Condorcet refuted legitimising political power on the idea of general will and postulated to replace it with the notion of reason and probability of truth. This assumption tightly linked the wellbeing of democracy with a public education system which, on the one hand, was to prepare citizens to take an active role in the public sphere, and on the other, allow them to improve the political system in which they function in accordance with the progress of the human spirit.
BOOK REVIEWS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

BOOK REVIEWS Get access Mediation in Family Disputes: Principles of Practice (Second Edition), Marion Roberts, Aldershot: Arena, 1997, 202 pp, pb £16.95 Christine Piper Christine Piper Department of Law, Brunel UniversityEngland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family, Volume 12, Issue 3, December 1998, Pages 362–366, https://doi.org/10.1093/lawfam/12.3.362 Published: 01 December 1998
Hormone Therapy in Cycling Mares

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

This chapter discusses the clinical application of hormone therapy in the mare. In the horse, there is limited clinical use for exogenous natural gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Potent agonists of GnRH, such as deslorelin, buserelin, and histrelin, are used in broodmare practice to induce a timed ovulation in cycling mares in estrus. The chapter tabulates comparison of Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and deslorelin for the induction of ovulation in mares. Purified equine follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and recombinant equine FSH (reFSH) have both been effective in inducing multiple ovulations in horses. Progesterone-type hormones are primarily used in horses to suppress behavioral estrus, to synchronize estrus in a group of mares, and to help maintain pregnancy in problem mares. Estrogens are secreted by the corpus luteum of pregnant mares under the influence of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and the fetal–placental unit.
The Principles of Inclusive Pedagogy in Linguo-Didactic Testing of Migrants with Health Limitations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The relevant objective of modern testing science is to create the system of linguo-didactic testing for migrants with health limitations, who constitute the most socially vulnerable category of foreigners. The authors of the article develop a model of such system, which uses the underlying principles of inclusive pedagogy. The article is based on the data of research, which was conducted using the expert evaluation method. The authors have developed recommendations on creating the system of linguo-didactic testing for migrants with health limitations. The linguo-didactic description of communicative competence was supplemented by the list of situations, topics for communication, relevant for the given category of test takers. The article proposes guidelines on adaptation of the test materials, presupposing their structural “adjustment” as well as correction of test tasks, assessment scale and rater’s charts. An adaptive form of presenting the test materials has also been developed. These changes will allow the system of linguo-didactic testing to become more flexible and provide equal rights and opportunities for all test takers, considering their specific needs and requirements. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n5s4p546
Notes on Backward Stochastic Differential Equations for Computing XVA

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The X-valuation adjustment (XVA) problem, which is a recent topic in mathematical finance, is considered and analyzed. First, the basic properties of backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs) with a random horizon in a progressively enlarged filtration are reviewed. Next, the pricing/hedging problem for defaultable over-the-counter (OTC) derivative securities is described using such BSDEs. An explicit sufficient condition is given to ensure the non-existence of an arbitrage opportunity for both the seller and buyer of the derivative securities. Furthermore, an explicit pricing formula is presented in which XVA is interpreted as approximated correction terms of the theoretical fair price.
[Long-term impact on quality of life in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease after 52-week rabeprazole treatment].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Long-term and low-dose PPI treatment achieves improvement both in reflux symptoms and QoL in GERD patients and such effects last a long time. At follow-ups, the reflux symptoms of NERD patients are more severe than EE patients. However, the overall QoL has shown little differences between these two subtypes.
P1‐058: Assessing the ability of ADAS‐Cog to capture all clinically meaningful changes in symptoms over time

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Understanding changes in dementia symptoms over time is crucial for assessing disease progression and allowing analysis of long term effects of drug therapies. This study focuses on the ability of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale - cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) to capture clinically important changes in dementia over 32 weeks, using comparisons with other commonly used dementia measures. Participants in the Visual Imaging Synthesis of Treating Alzheimer's Disease (VISTA) trial were tested at baseline (n = 130) and 32 weeks (n = 96) using the ADAS-cog, Disability Assessment for Dementia (DAD) and Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS).The relationships between the ADAS-cog and other scores were analyzed at baseline and at 32 weeks using linear regression. ADAS-cog scores were cross-classified against changes in GAS (which indicated whether dementia symptoms were improved, worsened or unchanged). The ADAS-cog was then compared to GAS and DAD scores to assess their congruence. The mean age was 77.2 (SD 7.6), 63% women, 75% lived with family, 15% lived alone and 13% with a paid carer. ADAS-Cog scores were moderately correlated with DAD scores at baseline, (r = -0.57) and at week 32 (r = -0.63) even though change scores to week 32 were only weakly correlated (r = -0.34). ADAS-cog and GAS scores, and ADAS-cog and DAD scores showed a high misclassification rate, with ∼50% incongruency. This even/odds misclassification held regardless of which ADAS-cog cut point ( ± 2,3,4) was chosen. In general, the ADAS-cog classified more people as “improved” or “unchanged” when compared to DAD (i.e. cognition improved more than function), and fewer people as “improved” or “unchanged” compared to GAS (i.e. ADAS-cog decline was less often clinically meaningful). ADAS-cog scores to assess changes in dementia treatment effects are not consistent with other assessments at the individual level. While the ADAS-cog showed moderate group correlations at baseline and study end, changes corresponded poorly with other change scores. The ADAS-cog should continue to be complemented with other clinical measures to assess whether changes are clinically meaningful. Here, both the ADAS-cog and DAD tended to under-estimate benefits of treatment compared with the individualized clinical tool GAS, which by design measures outcomes that are most important to patients/caregivers.
Adherence to American Academy of Pediatrics Recommendations for Cardiac Care Among Female Carriers of Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective. The goal was to assess women's knowledge and heart health behaviors consistent with the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations for cardiac care among female carriers of Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy. Methods. Using an advocacy group mailing list and working with 50 Muscular Dystrophy Association clinics, we surveyed women who had given birth to a son with Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy, thought that they were definitely or probably (≥50% likelihood) a Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy carrier, or both. Self-report data classified respondents as carriers, noncarriers, or women with unknown status. Results. The respondents included 833 Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy carriers, 376 noncarriers, and 192 women with unknown status. Carriers were more likely than noncarriers and women in the unknown-status group to have ever undergone electrocardiography or other heart testing and to have seen a cardiologist in the past year, but they were not more likely to report a recent blood pressure or cholesterol level check. Only 64.4% of the carriers had ever had a heart test; 18.3% had seen a cardiologist in the past year. Only 62.9% of the carriers were aware of their cardiomyopathy risks before participating in the survey; 69.3% had informed their health care provider of their carrier status. Among carriers who had informed their provider, 70.2% had ever had a heart test and 21.4% had seen a cardiologist in the past year. In adjusted logistic regression models, factors that significantly increased the likelihood among carriers of ever having had a heart test and seeing a cardiologist in the previous year included older age (≥50 years), feeling informed about their cardiomyopathy risks before the survey, and having told their provider about their carrier status. Conclusion. More health education efforts are needed for both patients and their providers, to improve adherence to the American Academy of Pediatrics cardiac care guidelines for female Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy carriers.
0168 Subjective and Objective Markers of Sleepiness in Drivers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Sleepiness is associated with a decrease in cognitive abilities with effects comparable to those of alcohol. It remains one of the main causes of fatal road accidents. Various tools are available to assess sleepiness subjectively and objectively, such as questionnaires and multiple sleep latency test. However, the former are subject to intra- and inter-individual variability, and the latter is only feasible in a sleep laboratory. The main objective of this study was to explore new potential markers (biological, neurocognitive) to assess sleepiness in drivers. In this perspective, the easy-to-use BLAST attention test allows the evaluation of micro-fluctuations in vigilance. In addition, salivary markers are good physiological markers, easily accessible and non-invasive to collect. Recent studies have suggested that salivary a-amylase and oxalate may be biomarkers of sleep pressure. Methods 185 drivers (median age 44 years, 72% male, 15% obese) were included during a break at a highway service area, in the morning, while on the road for vacation. Questionnaires on sleepiness, sleep the day before departure, an attention test and two salivary samples (alpha-amylase and oxalate) were taken. Associations between subjective and objective measures of sleepiness, sleep characteristics and salivary concentrations were tested using regression models adjusted for confounding factors. Results The night before departure, 57% of drivers reduced their sleep time and more than ¼ slept 5 hours or less. The higher the number of miles to drive, the shorter the sleep time. 16% of the drivers complained of poor sleep quality and difficulty falling asleep. At the time of the test, 46% of the drivers felt drowsy. Poor sleep quality or difficulty falling asleep the night before departure was associated with increased sleepiness as assessed by the Stanford Sleepiness Scale and decreased attentional ability as assessed by the BLAST. No association between salivary samples and sleepiness was observed. Conclusion Sleep characteristics on the day before departure were associated with sleepiness and attentional performance. The Stanford Sleepiness Scale and the BLAST could be used by individual drivers in a self-evaluation context. Support (If Any) This study was funded by the Vinci Foundation.
Results of Group Psychotherapy for Abuse, Neglect and Pregnancy Loss

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The pre and post evaluation of 65 patients undergoing intensive group psychotherapy by the Hope Alive method, yielded useful information on 28 parameters. The results provide sufficient evidence of benefit to warrant continued use of this program and to investigate the various components to delineate the most effective aspects of the program. There is statistically significant global improvement, but some areas of change such as: self-esteem and relationship with partner and a hopeful outlook are greater than others. When patients did their homework assignments consistently and thoroughly, there was increased likelihood of insight, personal growth, and diminished psychological symptoms. Keywords: Treatment, group therapy, insight, behaviour changes, abuse, neglect, pregnancy loss, abortion, depression, anger, Psychotherapy, hope, relationships, psychological, traumatic events, psychotherapy technique, psychiatric problems, stillbirth, Down's Syndrome, miscarriage, fetal abnormality, poor mental health, perinatal loss, post-partum depression, Wilcoxon signed rank tests, Hope Alive group psychotherapy, antidepressants, demographic variables, Medical Plan of British Columbia, Universal Ethic of Mutual Benefit, phobias, anorexia, neurotic disorders, Hope Alive program, childhood sexual abuse, post-natal depression, American Group Psychotherapy Association
Predictors of delayed culture conversion in patients treated for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Pakistan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Culture conversion is an interim monitoring tool for treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). We evaluated the time to and predictors of culture conversion in pulmonary MDR-TB patients enrolled in the community-based MDR-TB management program at the Indus Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Despite strict daily directly observed therapy, monthly food incentives and patient counseling, the median time to culture conversion was 196 days (range 32-471). The cumulative probabilities of culture conversion by 2, 4, 6 and 12 months were respectively 6%, 33%, 47%, and 73%. Smoking, high smear grade at baseline and previous use of second-line drugs delayed culture conversion.