jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
NATO Planning Guide for the Estimation of Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) Casualties (AMedP-8(C)) - Parameters for Estimation of Casualties from Exposure to Specified Biological Agents. Addenda to Allied Medical Publication 8

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract : The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Allied Medical Publication 8(C), NATO Planning Guide for the Estimation of CBRN Casualties (AMedP-8(C)) currently describes a methodology for estimating the numbers of persons developing illness or dying from anthrax, botulism, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, plague, and smallpox. Five additional biological warfare agents have recently been modeled according to the same methodology; these consist of the causative agents of brucellosis, glanders, Q fever, and tularemia, as well as the biotoxin staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Incorporating these five agents into the published NATO guide will require substantial changes to several chapters of the document as well as three of its annexes. This document presents the text, tables, and figures that will need to be added to AMedP-8(C) if these agents are integrated into the document. Each chapter of this document contains the addenda to one chapter or annex in AMedP-8(C), and sections are written to be consistent with the existing contents of the NATO document. In addition to the addenda themselves, this document provides instructions on where to add each new section to facilitate the process of updating AMedP-8(C) with the five recently modeled agents.
Genital herpes vaccines—cause for cautious optimism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The high prevalence of herpes simplex virus infections in many communities, its numerous serious physical and psychological complications and its importance in enhancing the transmission of HIV make this virus an obvious target for prevention by vaccination. Randomised clinical trials of only one genital herpes vaccine has shown efficacy so far. Analysis of clinical results is complicated by the difference between disease and infection, different results for males and females and the interaction between HSV-1 and HSV-2 immunity.
Characterisation of purified protease from Bacillus subtilis BS166

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka publishes the results of research in all aspects of Science and Technology. The journal also has a website at http://www.nsf.gov.lk/. 2021 Impact Factor: 0.682The JNSF provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.Cover :Leatherback (a), green (b - adult & f - hatchling), hawksbill (c) and olive ridley (d) turtles who nest in Sri Lankan beaches, green turtle crawl marks (e) and by-catch of sea turtles in fisheries (c & d)Photo credits: SJ Perera (a & c), WPN Perera (b & e), K Ekaratne (d & f)
ACE2 Receptor and Antibody Binding to SARS-CoV-2 Spikes and Virions by Single-Molecule Fluorescence

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The envelope (Env) spike (S) trimers of known SARS-CoV-2 strains have evolved to display conformational fluctuations between structural states, which in turn impact host receptor binding efficiency, the mechanism of infection, and susceptibility to antibody binding. Previously, we reported evidence that virion trimers alternate between two end states: one functional and the other nonfunctional. These dynamics, coupled with the close positioning of virion trimers, may constrain the total number of reactive mAb or receptor target sites. Such stoichiometric limits are important considerations for the infection efficiency and susceptibility to various antibody-mediated antiviral mechanisms. Here, we address this question using single-molecule fluorescence detection (SMD) methods and a step-detection algorithm to quantify bound ligands as a function of their stepwise fluorescence photobleaching on a captured virion. Importantly, this approach does not involve genetic or chemical modifications of the virion spike. Single-molecule photobleaching traces provide valuable information regarding the stoichiometry of receptor and/or ligand binding and accessibility of the binding sites present on a single virion, which can prove to be an impetus for improved vaccine designs based on stabilizing common transition state structures in the S trimer that might better elicit more cross-reactive antibodies. We find that the expected three photobleaching steps are detected with soluble trimers of the Wuhan and Omicron variants when reacted with soluble receptors or half-mAbs; i.e., reflecting 3:1 binding stoichiometry. On virions, a range of receptor binding stoichiometries was detected in 37 °C reactions, with a maxima of 12:1 or 9:1 for the Wuhan or Omicron variants, respectively. The Wuhan strain favored higher stoichiometries. The stoichiometries of binding to labeled half-mAbs were also distributed but with less interstrain variance, showing a maxima of 5:1-6:1 mAb/virion. In either case, such values were far lower than the theoretical number of spike binding sites on a virion. Notably, increasing the reaction temperature to 42 °C decreased receptor binding stoichiometry. Overall, these data indicate that a substantial fraction of S trimers on virions are constrained from binding receptors or certain cognate antibodies, either constitutively and/or due to the liganding of neighboring trimers, while a smaller fraction remains capable of achieving or maintaining a functional configuration.
Stocasthic frontiers and wage inefficiency in Venezuela

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper analyzes wage inefficiency in Venezuela in 2006 based on the methodology of stochastic frontiers. Empirical results indicate that employers’ inefficiency is above 30%, while for employees inefficiency is not statistical significant. This can be explained by government role in the labor market and by the fact that employers may be paying efficiency wages to increase productivity.
Wireless Communication in Underground Mining Teleoperation: A Systematic Review

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The mining industry is undergoing a transformational shift driven by automation and digitalization, enabling the teleoperation of machinery, improving safety, and enhancing operational efficiency in challenging underground environments. However, achieving safe and efficient teleoperation requires meeting stringent wireless communication requirements for low latency and high throughput. There is no unified consensus on the communication requirements or the most suitable technologies for different teleoperation modes, such as remote driving, assistance, and monitoring. This paper systematically reviews the literature on wireless communication challenges for underground mining teleoperation, identifying open research problems, proposed solutions, and key findings. The included studies are categorized into six thematic research areas, with teleoperation modes mapped to different levels of automation. Additionally, studies characterizing radio wave propagation in underground mine environments and evaluating various communication technologies are analyzed to define communication requirements in terms of deadlines, reliability, latency, and data rate for different teleoperation modes. The performance metrics used in the reviewed studies are also defined and attributed to the six thematic research areas. The findings of this systematic review highlight Wi-Fi, LTE, and 5G as the prevailing technologies for underground mine teleoperation. Moreover, the identified research gaps underscore the need for further research on handling communication outages, achieving low latency and high throughput for improved QoS, hybrid communication technologies, enabling a higher level of autonomy, and designing communication solutions tailored to specific teleoperation scenarios.
Cimetidine-Induced Interstitial Nephritis With Response to Prednisone Therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acute renal failure developed in a patient after she received cimetidine therapy. A renal biopsy specimen showed acute interstitial nephritis. Withdrawal of cimetidine therapy led to improvement of renal function. Rechallenge with cimetidine occurred during prednisone therapy. Renal function continued to improve, but worsened when the treatment with these steroids was discontinued.
Physicochemical Characteristics and Fatty Acid Composition of the Meat from Korean Native Black Pig with Different Slaughter Weight

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Korean native black pig (KNP) have several desirable meat qualities, which are highly demanded by Koreans in spite of its slow growth rate, low feed efficiency, and small litter size. The aim of this study was to evaluate meat quality and fatty acid composition of KNP at different slaughter weight in order to provide information to industry. Ninety female KNP of the same age (220 days) were divided into three groups by live body weights (30 pigs per each group); live weight of 50~59 kg (T1), 60~69 kg (T2) and 70~80 kg (T3), respectively. After slaughtering the longissimus dorsi muscle (LD) and backfat from each group were obtained after 24 hr chilling. Crude protein content and shear force of LD from T3 was higher than that from T1 and pH of LD was significantly lower in that from T1 than from T2 and T3. Color measurement indicated that LD of T2 group had a higher L*-value and lower a*-value than those of T1 and T3. Slaughter weight of KNP generally did not affect the fatty acid composition of LD and backfat but the content of oleic acid (C18:1) of T2 in LD was significantly higher than those of T1 and T3. The results may provide basic information to industry to promote the production and processing of KNP, and assist in meeting the Korean consumer&apos;s demand.
Study Of The Determinants Of Debt-Equity Choice In The Malaysian Corporate Sector

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The present study is addressed to the identification of capital structure determinants in the Malaysian corporate sector. The extent of debt capital used differs from industry to industry and from company to company; moreover , the same company would be issuing debt capital sometimes and equity at other times. The objective of the present study is to identify the factors influencing leverage levels and debt/equity choices of the Malaysian Corporate Sector.
Navigating Digital Demands: A Reassessment of Resources for Healthcare Workers’ Workplace Wellbeing

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background Digital innovations (DIs) are constantly reshaping healthcare, affecting healthcare workers’ practices and wellbeing both positively and negatively. To balance this dual impact, it is essential to understand the specific demands introduced by DIs and assess whether existing personal and organizational resources are remain effective in addressing them. The aim of this study is to contribute to healthcare services research by examining the relevance and effectiveness of key psychological and organizational resources in buffering digital job demands (DJDs) in today’s evolving healthcare context. Methods Data were collected from N = 292 healthcare workers in the UK using an online quantitative survey platform by adopting items from established measurements. Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modelling (CB-SEM) was used to test the hypothesized relationships amnong the vriables, with the help of R 4.4.3 software. Results The direct relationship of digital system overload, a DJDs, was found to have a negative and significant relation to employee job satisfaction (Beta = -0.141). In addition, the direct relationship of digital innovation support on job satisfaction (Beta = 0.250) and thriving at work (Beta = 0.336) was supported. The direct relationship of resilience on job satisfaction (Beta = 0.208) was supported. As was the direct relationship between autonomy and job satisfaction (Beta = 0.160) and thriving at work (Beta = 0.266). The remaining direct relationship found no support. Finnaly, the results shows that digital innovation support mediates the relationship between digital system overload and job satisfaction (Beta = -0.085), and the relationship between digital system overload and thriving at work (Beta = -0.144). The remaining proposed mediating relationship found no support. Conclusions The results confirm the positive impact of psychological and organizational resources on healthcare workers’ positive well-being outcomes, with the exception of psychological resilience. In addition, the direct effects of identified DJDs on well-being were not supported, possibly due to the contextual and fluctuating nature of such demands. The variations in findings regarding the mediating role of resources suggest a need for more in-depth research to explore which resources are most relevant and effective in addressing the evolving digital demands faced by healthcare professionals in today’s workplace. Consequently, the authors contribute to health services research and literature by clarifying the complex and multifaceted understanding of psychological and organizational resources as crucial factors in navigating digital job demands. The findings of this paper offer essential practical implications for health organizations and health managers, by highlighting the importance of managing both personal and organizational resources to secure health workers’ wellbeing in a quickly evolving work environment.
Effects of the accident at Three Mile Island on residential property values and sales. Final report, April 1980-January 1981

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The study examined the effects of the accident at Three Mile Island on residential property values and number of sales within a 25-mile radius of the plant. Regression analyses, using data on 583 actual market sales of single family homes from 1977 through 1979, examined the effects before and after the accident on the basis of distance and direction from the plant and on three different property value classes. All valid single family property sales between 1975 and 1979 within the 25-mile area were examined in a time series analysis. Interviews were conducted with realtors, financial institution officials and building contractors in the area. The accident had no measurable effects, positive or negative, on the value of single family residential properties within a 25-mile radius of the plant, or in any direction from the plant, or on low, medium, or high value properties. The plant had no measurable effects on residential property values for the 2 years prior to the accident. Immediately following the accident there was a sharp decline in the number of residential sales within 10 miles of the plant, but the real estate market returned to near normal conditions within 4-8 weeks. The interviews basically confirmed themore » above findings.« less
Tipe Kepribadian dan Tahapan Komunikasi Intim pada Dewasa Awal

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Personality aspect is an aspect that cannot be discharged in an individual. It is as same as communication aspect, which is important in a relationship, including in marriage relationship. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a correlation between Extrovert and Introvert personality type with intimate communication phases in early adulthood. This study belongs to the type of correlation research. In this study, the result showed that there was a positive relationship between extrovert personality type with two phases of intimate communication, namely sharing the self and becoming one. Meanwhile, there was a negative relationship between Introvert personality typet with two phases of intimate communication, namely sharing the self and becoming one.
A novel online calculator for estimating survival benefit of adjuvant TACE in patients undergoing surgery for HCC

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction:Although adjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for resected hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may improve survival for some patients, identifying which patients can benefit remains challenging.The present study aimed to construct a survival prediction calculator for individualized estimating the net survival benefit of adjuvant TACE for patients with resected HCC.Methods: From a multicenter database, consecutive patients undergoing curative resection for HCC were enrolled and divided into the developing and validation cohorts.Using the independent survival predictors in the developing cohort, two nomogram models were constructed for patients with and without adjuvant TACE, respectively, which predictive performance was validated internally and externally by measuring concordance index (C-index) and calibration.The difference between two estimates of the prediction models was the expected survival benefit of adjuvant TACE.Results: A total of 2,514 patients met the inclusion criteria for the study.The nomogram prediction models for patients with and without adjuvant TACE were respectively built by incorporating the same eight independent survival predictors, including portal hypertension, Child-Pugh score, alpha-fetoprotein level, tumor size and number, macrovascular and microvascular invasion, and resection margin.These two prediction models demonstrated good calibration and discrimination, with all the C-indexes of greater than 0.75 in the developing and validation cohorts.A browser-based calculator was generated for individualized estimating the net survival benefit of adjuvant TACE.Conclusions: Based on large-scale real-world data, an easy-to-use online calculator can be adopted as a decision aid to predict which patients with resected HCC can benefit from adjuvant TACE.
MONOXENIC CULTURE OF GIGASPORA MARGARITA IN NUTRIENT SOLUTION AND PROPERTIES OF EXUDATES FROM HOST ROOTS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Monoxenic culture of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora margarita together with transformed Ri T-DNA carrot roots was successful in nutrient solution in order to study the effect of the fungus on exudates from the host plant roots . After 4 months incubation of the host roots inoculated by the fungus spore, the results showed the cortical cells of the roots were found to be infected and the symbiosis was established. The hyphae curled in the cells and the new spore formed. The exudates in the nutrient solution were tested by High Press Liquid Chromatography(HPLC). The results showed that the quantities of malate and acetate in the mycorrhizal solution were higher than those in the control and the change of pH showed the same tendency.
Dichromatic and monochromatic laser radiation effects on antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, and division rate of Pantoea agglomerans

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Since infection is a common cause of delayed wound healing, it is important to understand the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in bacterial mechanisms. In this study we evaluated the effects of LLLT on antibiotic resistance, division rate, and biofilm formation of Pantoea agglomerans. P. agglomerans samples were isolated from human pressure injuries in humans and cultures were exposed to low-level monochromatic and simultaneous dichromatic laser radiation to study the susceptibility of an antimicrobial to ampicillin and piperacillin + tazobactam, quantification of areas of bacterial colonies, and biofilm formation of bacterial cells. Fluence, wavelength, and emission mode were used in the therapeutic protocols for wound healing. The data showed no changes in the areas of the colonies, but dichromatic laser radiation decreased biofilm formation, while a monochromatic red laser at low dose increased biofilm formation and infrared at high dose decreased antibiotic resistance to ampicillin. LLLT modulates antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of P. agglomerans, but these depend on the laser irradiation parameters, since dichromatic laser radiation induces biological effects that differ from those induced by monochromatic laser radiation. Thus, simultaneous dichromatic low-level red and infrared lasers could be a new option for the treatment of infected wounds, reducing biofilm formation, without altering antibiotic resistance and the division rate of P. agglomerans cultures.
How do pre-service teacher education students respond to assessment feedback?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Giving effective feedback is an elusive process that continues to receive conflicting reactions from both students and assessors. Despite the feedback loop being acknowledged as essential to effective learning, there is no single process that has been identified as positively impacting on student achievement. Additionally, there is a lack of research in the context of pre-service teacher education in regards to how students are inducted into the process of giving feedback, which can be regarded as 'core business' for any teacher. This article reports on the results of an exploratory study, based on an 'intervention', to determine pre-service teacher student responses to new feedback processes in an initial teacher education course. The results indicated that responses to feedback varied considerably, ranging from those students who preferred more regular feedback mechanisms (such as criteria sheets and annotations on student scripts), to those who preferred a different approach that de-emphasised the role of assessor feedback, and encouraged critical self-reflection and ownership of the learning process in order to promote the development of tacit assessment knowledge. The conclusions are that there is no one feedback mechanism that works best for all students, and that feedback processes are most effective when customised to individual students.
Dexmedetomidine for Prevention of Skeletal Muscle Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury in Patients with Chronic Limb Ischaemia Undergoing Aortobifemoral Bypass Surgery: A Prospective Double-blind Randomized Controlled Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Dexmedetomidine is a selective α-2 agonist used for sedation. It has also been shown to have myocardial protective effect and prevent ischemia-reperfusion injury in off-pump coronary artery bypass patients. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of dexmedetomidine for prevention of skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury in patients undergoing aortobifemoral bypass surgery. Methodology: Sixty adult patients (Group dexmedetomidine n = 30, Group normal saline n = 30) undergoing aortobifemoral bypass surgery were recruited over 3 months. Randomization was done using a computer-generated random table. The attending anesthesiologist would be blinded to whether the drug/normal saline was being administered. He would consider each unlabeled syringe as containing dexmedetomidine and calculate the volume to be infused via a syringe pump accordingly. Dexmedetomidine infusion (1 mcg/kg) over 15 minutes was given as a loading dose, followed by maintenance infusion of 0.5 mcg/kg/h till 2 h postprocedure in Group dexmedetomidine (D) while the same volume of normal saline was given in the control Group C till 2 h postprocedure. Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) values were noted at baseline (T0), 6 h (T1), 12 h (T2), and 24 h (T3) after the procedure. Hemodynamic variables (heart rate [HR] and mean blood pressure [MAP]) were recorded at T0, T1, T2, and T3. Results were analyzed using unpaired Student's t -test, P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: MAP and HR significantly decreased in Group D as compared to control group ( P < 0.05). However, the decrease was never <20% of the baseline. The CPK values at 6, 12, and 24 h were statistically significant between the two groups. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine prevents skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury in patients undergoing aortobifemoral bypass surgery.