jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Access to Pediatric Eye Care Following Vision Screening

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To quantify the accessibility of eye care providers from photoscreening centers within the vision screening region in relation to population density and median household income. Methods: Driving times between vision screening locations and eye care centers were mapped and analyzed using OpenStreetMap software (Open Street Map Foundation). U.S. Census Bureau data of population density and median household income were linked with screening centers using ArcGIS Online (Esri) to determine correlations with driving times. Results: A total of 290 driving times for 145 photo-screening centers, 147 optometrists, and 7 pediatric ophthalmologists were calculated and mapped. Median driving times from a photoscreening center to the nearest optometrist and ophthalmologist were 4.74 and 25.10 minutes, respectively, with 90% of the screening centers residing within 12.46 and 67.19 minutes of the nearest optometrist and ophthalmologist, respectively. Driving times to optometrists are far less than times to pediatric ophthalmologists due to the greater number of optometrists. Decreasing driving times with increasing population and median household income indicate the concentration of optometrists and pediatric ophthalmologists within urbanized areas. Conclusions: Most photoscreening centers reside within 5 and 70 minutes of the nearest optometrist and pediatric ophthalmologist, respectively. Driving times indicate the region's greater accessibility to optometrists than to pediatric ophthalmologists. Eye care centers tend to be localized within urbanized areas with higher population densities and higher median household incomes. [ J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus . 2022;59(6):369–374.]
Mean Platelet Volume and Platelet Distribution Width Correlate with Microvascular Complications in Egyptian People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Type 2 diabetes is a part of metabolic syndrome associated with a higher risk of vascular complications. Diabetes is characterized by changes in platelet morphology, function, and platelet hyperactivity so, it's considered a prothrombotic condition. Morbidity and mortality in people with type 2 diabetes-related to micro and macrovascular complications. Novel biomarkers are needed to identify and treat people at higher risk. Objective: The main objective of this controlled cross-sectional study was to evaluate Platelet volume indices (PVI) in subjects with type 2 diabetes with and without complications in comparison to subjects without diabetes. Methods: Hundred and thirty-five subjects aged from 35 to 60 years were subdivided into 3 groups. Group A includes 55 subjects with type 2 diabetes with complications. Group B includes 45 subjects with type 2 diabetes without complications. Group C includes 35 normal healthy subjects. Detailed clinical history was taken. Also, PVI, fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1c, and creatinine were obtained. Results: Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), Platelet Distribution Width (PDW), Plateletcrit (PCT), and Platelet large cell ratio (P-LCR) were significantly higher among subjects with retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy than other subjects with diabetes who didn't develop complications (P<0.001). At cutoff value > 11.9 fL, MPV have diagnostic sensitivity 80% and specificity 97.8%. Whereas PDW >16.9fL has a sensitivity of 74.5% and specificity of 100% for diabetic microvascular complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy). Conclusion: MPV and PDW may be considered as possible biomarkers for the early detection of diabetic microvascular complications.
Ulcerative dermatitis in the rat.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Ulcerative dermatitis observed in several shipments of rats was found to be limited to one strain (Sprague Dawley) provided by one supplier from two specific breeding areas. The incidence of lesions was higher in males than in females. Rats receiving an agar base diet also appeared to have a higher incidence of the lesions. The lesion consisted of a moist ulcer usually involving the lateral aspect of the shoulder and often the sides of the neck. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from lesions of affected rats and from the skin of unaffected rats. Inoculation of S aureus into susceptible animals resulted in lesions in 25-40% of the rats, but usually at sites other than the site of inoculation. Serum neutralization tests for sialodacryoadenitis virus indicated that about half the rats with lesions and half the rats without lesions were positive. Toenail clipping of the hind feet of affected rats reduced the severity of the lesions. Efforts to isolate fungi and ectoparasites were unsuccessful. The selective procurement of rats from specified breeding areas, eliminated the population susceptible to or harboring the etiologic agent or agents responsible for the development of the ulcerative dermatitis described.
The Cambridge History of China. Vol. 1: Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 b.c.–a.d. 220. Edited by Denis Twitchett and Michael Loewe. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1986. xlii, 981 pp. $110.00.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Cambridge History of China. Vol. 1: Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 b.c.–a.d. 220. Edited by Denis Twitchett and Michael Loewe. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1986. xlii, 981 pp. $110.00. - Volume 47 Issue 1
222-LB: Switching Palmitoyl and Oleoyl Position in Sn-2 and Sn-3 of a Triacylglycerol Led to Differential Body Weight Gain Rates and Hepatic Gene Expressions in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Alterations of fatty acid metabolism have been associated with diabetes. Triacylglycerol (TAG) can be obtained from dietary sources and synthesized de novo. The composition and location of the fatty acyl groups in a TAG can affect its physicochemical features such as melting temperature, and physiological characteristics such as digestion, absorption, and lipid metabolism. We hypothesize that the TAG fatty acyl position affects the body weight gain and lipid metabolism of mice in a high-fat diet (HFD) setting. Twenty-seven 6-week-old male C57/BL6J mice were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatment groups, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-oleoylglycerol (PPO, 36 % w/w diet) , 1,3-dipalmitoyl-2-oleoylglycerol (POP, 36% w/w diet) , and the chow diet control groups. Mice in each group were fed their respective diet for 6 weeks, and food intake and body weight were measured daily. Mice fed the PPO diet had significantly higher food intake, calories intake and body wight gain rate, and lower liver to body weight ratio than those fed the POP diet. Mice fed the chow diet had significantly higher total grams of food intake, but lower calories intake, liver and epididymal fat weight, and body weight gain rate than those fed the PPO, but not the POP, diet. Mice in the PPO group had significantly higher serum glucose than that in other two groups, whereas mice fed the chow diet had significantly lower plasma cholesterol level than those HFD groups. The plasma TAG levels were not different among them. The hepatic levels of insulin receptor substrate 1, and fatty acid synthase, and phosphorylated acetyl CoA carboxylase in mice fed the chow diet are significantly higher than those fed the PPO or POP diet, whereas the hepatic expression level of stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 in mice fed the POP diet was lower than those fed the PPO or chow diet. We conclude that feeding a HFD affects the expression levels of hepatic proteins for lipid metabolism in mice. In addition, the position of fatty acyl group in a TAG affects the food intake, the body weight gain rate and lipid homeostasis in mice. Disclosure X. Hu: None. T. Wang: None. G. Chen: None.
Developing cross-cultural neuropsychology through the lens of cross-cultural cognitive neuroscience

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

H.W. Huang and C.M. Huang review empirical evidence from cross-cultural cognitive neuroscience which investigates whether and how sustained exposure to cultural experiences influences the neurobiological basis of human cognition and behavior. They highlight several cross-cultural brain imaging studies showing that individuals with sustained exposure to interdependent/collectivistic or independent/individualistic cultural experiences present dissociable styles of processing information that modulate neurocognitive processes, influence neural functions, and shape brain structures. Several brain regions are implicated in processing culturally preferred information including the ventral-visual and fronto-parietal cortices associated with culture-related differences in visual perception, attention and memory, executive control, semantic representation, and language comprehension. H.W. Huang and C.M. Huang conclude by discussing some methodological considerations and potential challenges of performing cross-cultural cognitive neuroscience that need to be addressed when developing cross-cultural neuropsychological assessments to evaluate individual variations in behavior-brain associations across cultures.
Impacts of Blockchain on Accounting in the Business

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

There have been many studies on the blockchain, however blockchain research in the accounting field is scarce. The article outlines the characteristics and steps to apply blockchain in accounting. The article also identifies and measures the factors affecting the application of blockchain in accounting in enterprises, proving that the application of blockchain impacts the quality of the accounting information system of enterprises. The article shows that incorporating blockchain in accounting will help the accounting at businesses optimize the security, safety, and transparency of accounting information. We collected data on 195 manufacturing firms in six sectors. This study’s primary data analysis method is the SEM structural equation modeling method. The article used AMOS software to evaluate and measure the influence of each factor on the application of blockchain and the effect of blockchain on the accounting information system in enterprises. The article analyzed four aspects: the level of information technology of the accountant (IT), Information Security Infrastructure (SI), Training (TR), and Legality and Regulation (LR), affecting the application of blockchain in the business. The independent variables TR (training) and IT (information technology) have an impact on BL (Blockchain). We also find that the independent variable IT (information technology) has the most substantial impact on Blockchain adoption, followed by the independent variable TR (training), which has the second most influential impact on Blockchain adoption. For the accounting information system, the results show that applying blockchain will substantially impact accounting information, along with the safety factor of information infrastructure SI also has an evident influence. The results show that applying blockchain in accounting, information technology, and professional training are core issues with significant influence. The issue of guaranteed infrastructure also determines the effectiveness and efficiency of blockchain applications for accounting information systems. I declare that this is my scientific work; it is my original work. I commit that all data sources and ideas are my research and have never been published anywhere.
Fall Detection in Hospital Rooms with Probabilistic Graphical Models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Unintentional injury death, primarily caused by
simple falls among elderly individuals, has consistently ranked
as the second most common cause of death over the years, as
documented by the World Health Organization. This not only
poses a significant health concern but also imposes a substantial
financial burden on hospitals, as insurance companies typically do
not cover such events. This project aims to address this challenge
by developing a simple Artificial Intelligence system based on
Video Anomaly Detection to detect fall situations that requires
less computational power and protects patient’s privacy. The
system comprises a Keypoint Detector for estimating the patient’s
pose and a Discrete Bayesian Network to detect wether a person
has fallen or not. The approach has been trained and tested under
the public dataset CAUCAFall achieving an average accuracy
of 90.62%, AUC of 88.71%, RBDC of 86.23% and TBDC of
98.39%. The obtained results demonstrate highly competitive
performance, approaching the levels achieved by the most recent
state-of-the-art works tested on CAUCAFall. Our unsupervised
methodology to fall detection is privacy-preserving, computationally
light-weight and learns patterns from the training data in
seconds on a conventional 30GB memory Google Cloud Virtual
Machine with 8 AMD EPYC 7B13s Intel Broadwell CPUs.
Case 23: Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of the Adult (LADA) in an Elderly Patient

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An 80-year-old woman presented to endocrine clinic with complaints of weight loss, anorexia, and severe bilateral lower extremity pain and numbness. Two years ago she was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes; her BMI was 17 kg/m2, blood pressure (BP) was 100/75 mmHg, and HbA1c was 7.4%. She was treated with metformin 1,000 mg twice daily, but her blood glucose levels remained in the 200s mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L). She had not tried any other medications. She had been told to limit her diet to control her diabetes and her weight decreased from 120 to 80 lb.
Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) against oral microorganisms with the use of blue LED associated to curcumin

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The use of curcumin as antimicrobial agent has been suggested and this effect may be potentialized by appropriate light. This study evaluated the effect of PACT using blue LED (λ450ηm ± 5ηm, 220mW and spot of 0.785 cm2) associated to Curcumin at different concentrations (75, 37.5, 18.75, 9.37 and 4.68 μg /mL). Microorganisms from the oral mucosa and the posterior region of the tongue were collected and inoculated into test tubes containing 8mL of TSB medium. For these assays were performed 16 readings. In the assays were used culture plate of 24 wells. To each well was added 400 μL of the suspension containing the microorganisms. Suspensions without curcumin were placed in eight wells. Elsewhere, curcumin was applied varying concentrations with pre-irradiation time of 5 min. After stirring, 200 μL aliquot was taken from each well and the readings were immediately carried out by a spectrophotometer (SPECTRA MAX). Assessments of turbidity were performed following CLSI standard methods. After 1 hour of incubation in a bacteriological oven, 200 μL aliquot was removed from the remaining wells for a second reading. The results showed a decrease of total microorganisms in the most of test groups. The best result of the PACT was with 75 μg/mL, showing 81% of inhibition. It is concluded that PACT with blue LED associated to Curcumin could be a potential mechanism for controlling microorganism proliferation on the oral cavity.
Complementary Code and Digital Filtering for Detection of Weak VHF Radar Signals from the Mesosphere

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Measurements of the structure and the dynamics of the middle atmosphere with a fine height resolution have been carried out using the SOUSY-VHF-Radar (SOUSY = SOUnding SYstem), operated by the Max-Planck-Institute for Aeronomy in the Harz mountains in Germany. Since the echoes from the middle atmosphere are coherent within a time scale of the order of a second, the received signals are over-sampled and added coherently for that time period. This integration, which is equivalent to a digital combfiltering, improves the signal-to-noise ratio. It is carried out by a hardware adder. In order to detect echoes from the mesosphere, an increase in the effective radiated power is necessary. By applying a 32-element complementary code to long transmitted pulses, the average power is increased and radar returns from the height range between about 65 and 90 km have been recorded with a height resolution of 300 m. The special hardware and software used is described. Some observational results from mesospheric measurements are presented.
Tailoring lithium intercalation pathway in 2D van der Waals heterostructure for high‐speed edge‐contacted floating‐gate transistor and artificial synapses

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Local phase transition in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) by lithium intercalation enables the fabrication of high‐quality contact interfaces in two‐dimensional (2D) electronic devices. However, controlling the intercalation of lithium is hitherto challenging in vertically stacked van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) due to the random diffusion of lithium ions in the hetero‐interface, which hinders their application for contact engineering of 2D vdWHs devices. Herein, a strategy to restrict the lithium intercalation pathway in vdWHs is developed by using surface‐permeation assisted intercalation while sealing all edges, based on which a high‐performance edge‐contact MoS 2 vdWHs floating‐gate transistor is demonstrated. Our method avoids intercalation from edges that are prone to be random but intentionally promotes lithium intercalation from the top surface. The derived MoS 2 floating‐gate transistor exhibits improved interface quality and significantly reduced subthreshold swing ( SS ) from >600 to 100 mV dec –1 . In addition, ultrafast program/erase performance together with well‐distinguished 32 memory states are demonstrated, making it a promising candidate for low‐power artificial synapses. The study on controlling the lithium intercalation pathways in 2D vdWHs offers a viable route toward high‐performance 2D electronics for memory and neuromorphic computing purposes. image
The Influence of Cultural Value Orientations On Self-Reported Emotional Expression Across Cultures

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The present study examined the relationship between Schwartz's cultural value orientations (2004) and self-reported emotional expression across seven emotions in 25 cultural groups using a multilevel random coefficient modeling technique. Two forms of self-reported emotional expression, i.e., non-verbal and verbal expression, were examined. No clear pattern of moderation by cultural value orientations on the relationships among the emotion variables and emotional expression was found. However, significant relationships were found between cultural value orientations of hierarchy, autonomy-embeddedness, and mastery, and cultural-level means of emotional expression. These findings were discussed in terms of the normative social agendas for cultural groups high on these value orientations.
Abstract 1037: WISP3/CCN6 regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor initiating cell properties in triple negative breast cancer cells through Slug

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Although triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) constitute 10%-20% of all breast cancers, they are aggressive tumors with higher recurrence and poorer prognosis than other breast cancer subtypes. TNBCs frequently exhibit features of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and are enriched in breast tumor initiating cells (BTICs). Recent studies have demonstrated that aberrant activation of the EMT program induces stem cell features in breast cells, suggesting that blocking the cross-talk between EMT and stemness may be an effective treatment for TNBCs. WISP3/CCN6, a secreted matrix associated protein, is expressed in normal breast tissues and is decreased in aggressive breast cancer samples. We have shown that CCN6 knockdown in nontumorigenic breast cells triggers EMT and invasion. We hypothesize that CCN6 regulates the cross-talk between EMT and BTICs pathways in TNBCs. Methods: We overexpressed CCN6 in the TNBC cell lines, MDA-MB-231, SUM-159 and MDA-MB-436, which are aggressive and exhibit a mesenchymal-like phenotype and low endogenous CCN6 expression. We tested the effect of CCN6 overexpression in these cell lines using motility and invasion assays in vitro. Stem cell features were investigated by mammosphere assays, and the ALDEFLUOR assay by flow cytometry. We developed mammary xenografts in nude mice using serial dilutions to investigate the role of CCN6 in tumor initiation and metastasis. Results: Overexpression of CCN6 inhibits cell motility and invasion, and leads to phenotypic changes of mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), with downregulation of the mesenchymal cell marker vimentin, increased epithelial marker cytokeratin, and decreased protein levels of the EMT transcription factor Slug. CCN6 overexpression significantly decreased the ALDEFLUOR-positive population and mammosphere formation of TNBC cell lines. In vivo, CCN6 overexpression delayed tumor initiation and reduced metastasis in human breast cancer xenografts. Slug reconstitution was sufficient to rescue the effects of CCN6 on MET and stem cell properties of TNBCs. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that CCN6 regulates EMT and tumor initiating cell features in TNBC at least in part through Slug. Further, our study suggests that CCN6 may be a novel regulator of the EMT-stem cell cross talk in TNBC, with possible clinical application. Citation Format: Wei Huang, Kathy A. Toy, Celina G. Kleer. WISP3/CCN6 regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor initiating cell properties in triple negative breast cancer cells through Slug. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1037. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1037
Eddy Forced Variations in On- and off-Margin Summertime Circulation Along the 1000-m Isobath of the Northern Gulf of Mexico, 2000-2003, and Links with Sperm Whale Distributions Along the Middle Slope

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In summers 2000-2003, NOAA Ship Gordon Gunter and TAMU R/V Gyre dropped XBTs and logged ADCP data while carrying out visual and passiveacoustic surveys for sperm whales along the 1000-m isobath of the northern Gulf of Mexico. The ships also made CTD casts, particularly when/where the XBT and ADCP data indicated the ships were passing into or out of anticyclonic and/or cyclonic slope eddies. The fine-scale resolution of the ship surveys, when combined with the meso-scale resolution of remote sensing surveys of sea surface height and ocean color, document the summer-to-summer variability in the intensity and geographic location of Loop Current eddies, warm slope eddies, and areas of cyclonic circulation over this middle slope region of the northern Gulf of Mexico. These variations forced striking year-to-year differences in the locations along the 1000-m isobath where there was on-margin and off-margin flow, and in locations where sperm whales were encountered along the 1000-m isobath. For example, when there was on-margin flow into the Mississippi Canyon region in early summer 2003, sperm whales were very rarely seen or heard there. In contrast, later that summer and during other summers when flow was along-margin or off-margin there, sperm whales were locally abundant. In this report we describe how eddy-forced variations in on-margin and off-margin flow changed the meso-scale circulation along the 1000-m isobath, and we show that most sperm whales were encountered in regions of negative SSH and/or higher-than-average surface chlorophyll.
A highly sensitive electrochemical OP biosensor based on electrodeposition of Au–Pd bimetallic nanoparticles onto a functionalized graphene modified glassy carbon electrode

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An Au–Pd bimetallic nanoparticle and ionic liquid functionalized graphene–chitosan nanocomposite (Au–Pd/IL-GR–CHI) modified glassy carbon electrode has been developed for the highly sensitive determination of organophosphorus pesticides.