jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Content aggregation and knowledge sharing in a personal learning environment: Serendipitous and emergent learning in open online networks

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The integration of social web and networking technologies into education is transforming learning practices particularly learning environments in higher education. Such technology-mediated learning environments based on the potential of Web 2.0 and free/open social software tend to be more open, networked and distributed. What we can see now in online education realm is perhaps a paradigm shift from less institutionalized learning management systems to more flexible student-centered learning environments as it is called Personal Learning Environments (PLE). Such networked and distributed learning environments seem to have the potential of bringing various opportunities and resources for learners. This paper, by describing a PLE as a set of learner-defined tools and services, highlights how participants in open online courses use a variety of tools and resources as their PLEs for searching, aggregating, creating and sharing contents. In this online ethnographic research design, data was gathered through an online survey, semi-structured interviews and online artifacts from the participants in three open online courses. This work also draws attention to study how serendipitous discoveries and kind of emerging learning might occur by being immersed in the abundance of resources and engaged in various online networks and communities. The results of the initial yet-in-progress analysis of this study suggest evidences of serendipity and emergent learning in open online contexts.
Some aspects of interaction between the state and civil society: constitutional and legal characteristics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article clarifies the forms of interaction between the state and civil society, its constitutional and legal characteristics, the role of public control in the interaction between the state and civil society, as well as the role of public control in the implementation of judicial reform and reform of law enforcement agencies. It was concluded that a modern legal state in crisis conditions must strictly adhere to constitutional principles, exercise effective control over compliance with the legitimate purpose of measures restricting human rights and freedoms, and also exercise effective communication with civil society. Thus, under any conditions, it is necessary to strive for the establishment of democracy and balance of interests following the best traditions of European constitutionalism. We single out such forms of interaction between the state and civil society as: 1) Public control by civil society institutions over the activities of public authorities as one of the forms; 2) Involvement of civil society institutions in the implementation of legal reform and formation of public authorities; 3) Delegation of certain functions by the state to institutions of civil society; 4) State funding of civil society institutions. This list is certainly not exhaustive. Various forms of interaction between civil society institutions and the state can and do exist. It is concluded that the reception of European legal experience is of great importance for the optimization of human rights guarantees and effective interaction of the state and institutions in civil society. Its components are the harmonization of national legislation and bringing it into line with international standards, transnational participation in the work of international organizations, which is provided for in Article 18 of the Basic Law, cooperation between the state and public institutions through the application of European democratic governance models. Implementation of the above in practice will allow us to effectively face today’s challenges. Effective guarantees of the existence of a sovereign constitutional state, which reduce the risk of the negative impact of a crisis situation, can be created only by ensuring the comprehensive cooperation of state institutions and civil society.
A Brief Review on Microstructure Control of Freeze-casted Porous Alumina during Sintering

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Freeze-cast ceramics provide a wide range of applications, including filters, catalyst supports, heat-resistant materials, and biomaterials. The unique porous structure of freeze-cast ceramics offers new perspectives in various fields. However, for the functionality and durability of freeze-cast ceramics, a sufficient mechanical strength of the porous architecture is essential. In the freeze-casting process, the final microstructure is determined during sintering at high temperature through densification and grain growth, highlighting the importance of sintering techniques, which can be originated from sintering strategies in the bulk system. In other words, enhancing densification while suppressing grain growth should be realized by tailoring processing variables and/or materials variables. In this review, we suggest an effective way to control the microstructure by addition of dopants in porous alumina prepared by freeze-casting. The results provide a facile method for microstructure control and provide insight into the selection of promising dopants for better mechanical strength of porous ceramics.
Mild Nitrogen Narcosis?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AMYLOIDOSIS JB Case 3The patient, a woman of 49, complained of a lump in the left axilla which had been increasing in size for a year.Her general health was good but her right leg had been amputated below the knee after an accident.At operation a lump 6 by 4 cm.was found attached to a chain of smaller lumps suggestive of enlarged lymph nodes.All these swellings were red or yellowish red in colour and soft in consistency.Histology showed small collections of lymphocytes widely scattered among eosinophilic anuclear material (Fig. 3).The possibility of amyloidosis was considered, but special stains gave inconclusive results.Thioflavine-T was not used on this occasion.The patient made an uneventful recovery.Ten months later similar lumps appeared in the same axilla.At this time haematological investigations were normal.X-ray examination of the chest, an intravenous pyelogram, and serum protein investigations, including electrophoresis, were within normal limits.Histological examination of the lumps showed appearances identical with those seen previously.Special stains, however, including thioflavine-T, confirmed that the eesinophilic material was amyloid (Fig. 4).A congo-red test had not been performed, but a rectal biopsy showed no evidence of amyl- oidosis.The patient remains in good general health.# ~~~~~~~~~~!Flo. 3-Case 3. Amyloid deposition in lymph node. (Haemat- oxylin and eosin.x 125.)
Adrenal cytomegaly associated with diaphragmatic hernia: report of a case.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A rare case of a 22-week-old foetus with unilateral adrenal cytomegaly and left diaphragmatic hernia is reported. Typical cytomegalic cells were found focally in the left adrenal but the right adrenal was normal. There was no stigmata of the Beckwith-Wiedermann syndrome. The association of adrenal cytomegaly with various congenital malformations, the significance and possible pathogenesis of this condition is discussed.
Effect of Nicorandil upon Different Guinea-pig and Rat Isolated Organ Preparations in vitro

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A study of the effect of nicorandil (N-2-(hydroxyethyl)nicotinamide nitrate, CAS 65141-46-0), a potassium channel and guanylatecyclase activator, upon preparations of rat was deferens and uterus, and guinea pig ileum was performed. Nicorandil does not modify rat isolated was deferens responses to noradrenaline (norepinephrine) and potassium. The drug exerts a non-competitive antagonist effect upon rat isolated uterus response to serotonin, histamine, oxytocin, and, at high concentrations, inhibits guinea-pig isolated ileum responses to acetylcholine, histamine, 4-aminopyridine and potassium.
Negative effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin - an <i>in vitro</i> study

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Ciprofloxacin, a second generation fluoroquinolone is often co-administered with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in life threatening situations in which Staphylococcus aureus infections are accompanied with pain and inflammation. This study was carried out to investigate possible in vitro interactions in co -administration of ciprofloxacin and some NSAIDs. The study was carried out in the Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and University of Benin, Benin City in 2013. The in vitro evaluation was carried out by incorporating appropriate concentrations of the NSAIDs with ciprofloxacin in 20 ml final volume of Muller Hinton broth in the presence of Staphylococcus aureus and incubated at 37°C in a hot water-bath. Aliquots of 0.1 ml were removed every two hours; serially diluted and plated out on Mannitol Salt agar and incubated at 37oC for 24 hours. The number of colony-forming units (CFU) of Staphylococcus aureus was noted. It was observed that all the NSAIDs reduced the antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus in vitro to varying degrees. The highest reduction was exhibited by acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) as it yielded the highest number of CFU. This was followed closely by piroxicam, then indomethacin and lastly paracetamol (130 cfu; 65 cfu; 43 cfu; and 33 cfu.) respectively. There is a suggestion that the studied NSAIDs and perhaps NSAIDs generally should not be co-administered with ciprofloxacin at the same time.Keywords: Ciprofloxacin; NSAIDs; Interaction
Tactics for standardizing freights forwarders operations at road transportation market

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

According to the operation flow of road container transportation, the illicit behaviour of freight forwarders in China was analyzed. It was pointed out that there are those problems, such as controlling transport price, not paying on time, reporting cargo weights falsely, and so on. The government and transport society must take measures commonly to standardize their operation. 1 Fig, 5 refs.
Applications of Multidimensional Scaling to Research in the Health Professions

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is a procedure for transforming similarity data such as correlations into a graph or map. Although MDS is similar to factor analysis in function and purpose, it is more flexible and often produces results that are easier to interpret. This article discusses MDS and its potential use for research and evaluation in the health-related professions. The first half of the article presents an overview of MDS, the types of data that can be used as input, and issues related to interpretation of results. The second half describes various applications of MDS, including the development of a working taxonomy of nursing specialty practice, the identification of the dimensions underlying physician performance, and the classification of different types of psychotherapies examined in the metaanalysisperformedby Smith and Glass (1977). The article concludes with a brief discussion on how MDS relates to factor analysis, discriminant analysis, and cluster analysis.
Surface plasticity effects in dispersion-hardened copper-silica single crystals

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The effect of internally-dispersed silica spheres upon the surface plasticity of copper single crystals, deformed in tension, has been investigated. It is shown that copper-silica crystals do not exhibit any crystal size-effect phenomena in their stress-strain behaviour and that they have a uniform flow-stress distribution across the crystal width. Electron microscopy studies show that the dislocation distribution is uniform throughout the bulk of a crystal except for a surface region about 0·5 μm deep where a lower density of dislocations is evident. In contrast, similar studies of the internally oxidized and annealed pure copper matrix material show pronounced size effects and a ‘soft-surface’ flow-stress distribution analogous to as-grown pure copper. This investigation provides evidence that the type of flow-stress distribution present in a f.c.c. single crystal during deformation can be modified by changing the mean-free-path of the dislocations at low strains. No evidence could be found for the formation and subsequent relaxation of a hard ‘debris layer’ of high dislocation density at the surface, as postulated by some workers.
Effect of X-ray Irradiation on Articular Cartilage Mechanical Properties

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A load bearing tissue found at the ends of articulating bones, the articular cartilage provides low friction surfaces for efficient movement.Its mechanical properties are determined by the structure and composition of type II collagen, proteoglycans and interstitial fluid.This work investigates the effects of X-ray irradiation, previously shown to affect the biological properties of the articular tissue, on mechanical properties of articular cartilage using polarized light microscope for imaging and compressive modulus test applied to articular cartilage to determine the effects of the ionizing radiation on mechanical properties.According to the test results, the relaxation time is significantly longer in control than X-ray exposed samples, while the force is much higher showing that the X-ray irradiation causes the reduction in the stiffness of articular cartilage.
nucleosides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Citation: 'nucleosides' in the IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 3rd ed.; International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry; 2006. Online version 3.0.1, 2019. 10.1351/goldbook.N04253 • License: The IUPAC Gold Book is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike CC BY-SA 4.0 International for individual terms. Requests for commercial usage of the compendium should be directed to IUPAC.
Chemical biology tools to explore the activities and mechanisms of Class I HDAC corepressor complexes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Isoform selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are urgently required to investigate HDAC isoform phenotypes and provide targeted therapeutics. Class 1 HDACs (1, 2 and 3) are recruited into large multi-subunit co-repressor complexes for maximal activity. However, little attention has been paid to targeting the disruption of these protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and so represents a novel approach to develop more specific therapeutics and chemical probes. \nThis thesis describes the design, synthesis and evaluation of stapled peptide analogues of the SMRT-DAD protein. A systematic, structure based approach was taken to design the second generation stapled peptides containing phosphotyrosine residues. These were shown to be super activators of the HDAC3:SMRT-DAD corepressor complex. \nThe synthesis of a hydroxamic acid amino acid is also described and an improvement on the current synthetic scheme is discussed. A novel hydroxamic acid containing histone H4 tail peptide was then prepared which was shown to be an inhibitor of the HDAC1:MTA1 corepressor complex with an IC50 of 366 nM. A crystal structure of this inhibitor peptide bound in the active site of HDAC1 was also obtained. \nThe challenging synthesis of a series of histone H3 (1-21) tail sequence peptides has also been described. NMR experiments were carried out using these peptides to study both the demethylase and deacetylase activities of the ternary LSD1:CoREST:HDAC1. The deacetylase activity of HDAC1 has been shown to be much faster than the demethylase activity of LSD1. In order to obtain a crystal structure of the ternary LSD1:CoREST:HDAC1 complex and to determine the distance between the LSD1 and the HDAC1 components, three dual peptide inhibitors based on SNAIL have been designed and synthesised. These crystallisation experiments and biological studies are in progress.
The Examination of the Escape Phenomenon of the Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Although disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the selection of agents in the case of relapse (escape phenomenon) lacks clear-cut standards. Therefore we investigated the rate and conditions of escape as well as the agents used after escapes had occurred. Outpatients of the Matsubara Mayflower Hospital with a history of DMARD administration during the 4 years prior to May 2003 were studied. Those receiving salazosulfapyridine (SASP) had a high escape rate and those receiving methotrexate (MTX) and bucillamine (BC) had a low rate. The continuous duration of administration was long for MTX and BC, but short for sodium aurothiomalate (GST). BC and Actarit (AR) gradually elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). In patients receiving SASP and MTX, a high level of CRP and high ESR was seen 2 months prior to the occurrence of escape and remained unchanged after escape. With respect to the agents used after escape, SASP and BC were substituted with other DMARDs. A combination with other DMARDs was usually administered to patients who had been receiving MTX. Taken together, the present results clarified the characteristics of DMARD escape and will contribute to the appropriate pharmacotherapy for RA.
Small Molecule Inhibitors of Histone Arginine Methyltransferases:  Homology Modeling,\nMolecular Docking, Binding Mode Analysis, and Biological Evaluations

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The screening of the inhibition capabilities of dye-like small molecules from a focused library against both\nhuman PRMT1 and <i>Aspergillus </i><i>nidulans</i> RmtA is reported as well as molecular modeling studies (homology\nmodeling, molecular docking, and 3-D QSAR) of the catalytic domain of the PRMT1 fungal homologue\nRmtA. The good correlation between computational and biological results makes RmtA a reliable tool for\nscreening arginine methyltransferase inhibitors. In addition, the binding mode analyses of tested derivatives\nreveal the crucial role of two regions, the pocket formed by Ile12, His13, Met16, and Thr49 and the SAM\ncisteinic binding site subsite. These regions should be taken into account in the design of novel PRMT\ninhibitors.
HPLC Determination of Notoginsenoside R_1 and Ginsenosides in San Xiong Zhitong Ointment

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To establish a HPLC method for the determination of effective components in Radix Notoginseng in San Xiong Zhitong Ointment.Methods Kromasil KR100-5 C18 column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)and gradient elution were used.Solvent A was acetonitrile and solvent B was water.The detection wavelength was set at 203 nm.Results The four components were isolated well.The linearity was fine with the recoveries of 98 %～100 %.Conclusion The quantitative method for determining the ingredient of San Xiong Zhitong Ointment is simple,feasible and repeatable,and is beneficial for quality control of San Xiong Zhitong Ointment.
A Research Agenda for Evaluating Strength of Internal Preferences and External Influences in Consumer Smartphone Switching

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This article proposes a research agenda to study what causes consumers to switch smartphone manufacturer and operating system brands. International consumer survey is planned for data collection and structural equation modeling method will be used to extrapolate whether internal preferences play a larger role than external influences in consumers’ switching behavior. The effects are expected to be moderated by behavioral control, subjective uncertainty and prior switching experience and controlled with a set of constraint variables. As a theoretical contribution, we propose a new theory to evaluate switching primarily through the latent construct of magnitude of switch. Potential practical implications offer new insights into consumer switching decision-making. These insights could be useful in customer acquisition and lock-in strategy revision for smartphone market players but also in other ecosystems with similar technological characteristics.
MODERN METHODS OF TEACHING TECHNICAL SUBJECTS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Technical and vocational education is that type of education that equips individuals with skills and knowledge that make them to be productive and sel af-reliant. Because it is practical-oriented, it requires certain methods, commonly referred to as technical methods, to impart the skills and knowledge. The technical methods refer to strategies used by teachers to ensure effective learning takes place. Common among the methods is the lecture method which has been found to be teacher-centred, offering very little opportunity for the class to get involved in the lesson. With advances in science, there has been the need to evolve other pedagogies that will blend the teaching of technical subjects with science. Consequently, such methods as demonstration, discussion, discovery, project work, and field trips, have been found to be very useful. The paper argues that no one single method of teaching can lead to the full realization of the instructional objectives hence, the need to use a combination of methods. Several problems impede the teaching of technical subjects in technical colleges and technological institutions. These problems include lack of workshops and laboratories, lack of practical materials, poor funding, and ill- equipped libraries. The paper suggests that teachers need to update their knowledge and receive further training in their fields of specialization. The teachers need to improvise practical materials where it becomes necessary. Equally, government needs to increase funding to technical colleges and technological institutions.
Vehicle Shimmy Modeling With Pacejka's Magic Formula and the Delayed Tire Model

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper investigates a three-degrees-of-freedom (DoF) shimmy model of vehicle front wheels with steering system and dependent suspension. The contact models of rigid ground and elastic tire are analyzed from the viewpoint of predicting shimmy. Pacejka's magic formula and the delayed tire model are compared by means of stability charts in various parameter domains. Conclusions are obtained regarding the advantages and disadvantages of the use of the delayed tire model.