jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Miniaturized Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Actuators for Application in Chemical Analysis Systems

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A new concept for a miniaturized planar ion source based on a surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) is presented. A fabrication method based on a stamping process is described, and the plasma actuators are characterized based on their power in dependence of the applied voltage. The voltage for plasma ignition is approx. 1 kV with a maximum plasma power of 40 W/m at 3,4 kV.
COST EFFECTIVENESS OF TRANSPORTATION CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR CARBON MONOXIDE

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This report summarizes the existing data and analyses related to the emission reduction effectiveness, costs, and feasibility of implementing several alternative strategies for reducing carbon monoxide in the Chicago central business district. An attempt made to develop combinations of strategies designed to achieve the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for carbon monoxide based upon a proportional or rollback model using 1973 air quality data.
Maturation of the 90S pre-ribosome requires Mrd1 dependent U3 snoRNA and 35S pre-rRNA structural rearrangements

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In eukaryotes, ribosome biogenesis requires folding and assembly of the precursor rRNA (pre-rRNA) with a large number of proteins and snoRNPs into huge RNA-protein complexes. In spite of intense genetic, biochemical and high-resolution cryo-EM studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, information about the structure of the 35S pre-rRNA is limited. To overcome this, we performed high-throughput SHAPE chemical probing on the 35S pre-rRNA within 90S pre-ribosomes. We focused our analyses on external (5'ETS) and internal (ITS1) transcribed spacers as well as the 18S rRNA region. We show that in the 35S pre-rRNA, the central pseudoknot is not formed and the central core of the 18S rRNA is in an open configuration but becomes more constrained in 20S pre-rRNA. The essential ribosome biogenesis protein Mrd1 influences the structure of the 18S rRNA region locally and is involved in organizing the central pseudoknot and surrounding structures. We demonstrate that U3 snoRNA dynamically interacts with the 35S pre-rRNA and that Mrd1 is required for disrupting U3 snoRNA base pairing interactions in the 5'ETS. We propose that the dynamic U3 snoRNA interactions and Mrd1 are essential for establishing the structure of the central core of 18S rRNA that is required for processing and 40S subunit function.
Human-AI Symbiotic Theory (HAIST): Development, Multi-Framework Assessment, and AI-Assisted Validation in Academic Research

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This study introduces the Human-AI Symbiotic Theory (HAIST), designed to guide authentic collaboration between human researchers and artificial intelligence in academic contexts, while pioneering a novel AI-assisted approach to theory validation that transforms educational research methodology. Addressing critical gaps in educational theory and advancing validation practices, this research employed a sequential three-phase mixed-methods approach: (1) systematic theoretical synthesis integrating five paradigmatic perspectives across learning theory, cognition, information processing, ethics, and AI domains; (2) development of an innovative validation framework combining three established theory-building approaches with groundbreaking AI-assisted content assessment protocols; and (3) comprehensive theory validation through both traditional multi-framework evaluation and novel AI-based content analysis demonstrating unprecedented convergent validity. This research contributes both a theoretically grounded framework for human-AI research collaboration and a transformative methodological innovation demonstrating how AI tools can systematically augment traditional expert-driven theory validation. HAIST provides the first comprehensive theoretical foundation designed explicitly for human-AI partnerships in scholarly research with applicability across disciplines, while the AI-assisted validation methodology offers a scalable, reliable model for theory development. Future research directions include empirical testing of HAIST principles in live research settings and broader application of the AI-assisted validation methodology to accelerate theory development across educational research and related disciplines.
Can Orofacial Structures Affect Tooth Morphology?

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

This chapter presents how orofacial muscles can affect teeth positioning, occlusion, and also the size/shape of teeth. Pressures exerted on teeth will be discussed in specific cases such as mouth breathing, chronic mastication disorders, oral habits, like thumb sucking or tongue thrust, and also when there is hyperfunction of masticatory muscles during sleep or wakefulness. In these situations, the imbalance of muscle forces brings undesirable consequences to the dentition. Each condition will be explained, showing which muscle is affected, how it changes, and what consequences to the teeth it brings. It is a chapter that shows how close the relationship is between dentistry and speech language pathology (orofacial myology).
PROBLEMS OF AFGHAN REFUGEE STUDENTS IN PAKISTAN AND SYRIAN REFUGEE STUDENTS IN TURKEY: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The study was designed to investigate the Academic problems of afghan refugee students in Pakistan and Syrian refugee students in Turkey targeting the largest refugee community worldwide, it was comparative analysis of the problems of refugee students of the two groups of refugees. investigation was casual comparative in nature, questionnaire with 4 point Likert scale was used to collect data. The population of the study consists of 332 Afghan Students, from Khubaib college Rumi Pakistan, 341 Syrian students, from UluslararasıEbuUbeydeAnadolu İmam Hatiplisesi, Turkey. The sample was consisting 205 Afghan refugee’s school students in Pakistan and 203 students from Syrian refugee’s school in Turkey by using Total population sampling or the purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed by SSPS applying the Chi square test, T-test and Anova. The results reveals that the academic problems of Syrian Refugee students were more than Afghan refugee students. When considering the Academic problems comparison between and within the group it was concluded that there was a difference between both groups of refugee students. Refugee students may be provided with a language training program of sufficient duration before attending school in the host country and receive the same curriculum once they have overcome their language problems. Having diverse migration and educational backgrounds, the situation affects their educational and psychological requirements. Schools, teachers, parents, and the community may work together to support refugee pupils. These students' emotional and cultural needs must be met by teachers. Mentoring must be done proactively by teachers and guidance counselors in order to make it easier for refugee kids who have experienced difficulties. It was proposed that additional research be conducted in order to maintain the refugee education process and win the public's support.
An MDP Model for Censoring in Harvesting Sensors: Optimal and Approximated Solutions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose a novel censoring policy for energy-efficient transmissions in energy-harvesting sensors. The problem is formulated as an infinite-horizon Markov Decision Process (MDP). The objective to be optimized is the expected sum of the importance (utility) of all transmitted messages. Assuming that such importance can be evaluated at the transmitting node, we show that, under certain conditions on the battery model, the optimal censoring policy is a threshold function on the importance value. Specifically, messages are transmitted only if their importance is above a threshold whose value depends on the battery level. Exploiting this property, we propose a model-based stochastic scheme that approximates the optimal solution, with less computational complexity and faster convergence speed than a conventional Q-learning algorithm. Numerical experiments in single-hop and multi-hop networks confirm the analytical advantages of the proposed scheme.
Design and Development of the Glucokinase Activator AZD1656

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

AZD1656 is a potent, selective glucokinase (GK) activator that progressed to Phase IIb trials for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. This compound was identified by in-depth optimization of a high-throughput screening (HTS) hit while resolving challenges concerning selectivity, toxicology, physicochemical properties, and potency. The development of a route to AZD1656 that was amenable to scale-up and deemed to be commercially viable retained the same building blocks as the medicinal chemistry synthesis. The α-resorcylate core was functionalized using a Mitsunobu reaction followed by an SNAr reaction in a sequence that differentiated the two resorcylate hydroxyl groups by protecting one of them. The synthesis of the coupling partner for the SNAr involved a highly selective decarboxylation and the control of impurities arising from the use of azetidine as a coupling partner. Downstream challenges included an amidation reaction with a pyrazine coupling partner made using a Curtius rearrangement performed in batch mode and the development of crystallization conditions that allowed the reproducible isolation of a slow-growing polymorph of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). The processes developed were tested as part of a 500 kg manufacture of AZD1656.
Studies on the comparative virology of pestiviruses

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

This study reports the in vivo and in vitro comparison of two pestivirus isolates, one of swine (87/6) and another of sheep origin (137/4). Both showed similar growth characteristics in vitro, and other features in common with most border disease virus (BDV) strains. It was hypothesized that, rather than being a strain of hog cholera virus (HCV), the swine isolate might be a "BDV-like virus" infecting pigs. Both viruses were inoculated into pregnant swine and sheep in order to: a) determine whether or not the swine isolate would infect the offspring in utero and b) to ascertain the congenital transmissibility of BDV to swine. Both viruses were able to cause transplacental infections in the two species. A variety of combinations of virus and antibody status were recorded in the fetuses, including some which revealed the concomitant presence of virus and antibody, suggesting the presence of circulating immune complexes. Pathological findings were compatible with previous reports of border disease in sheep. It was concluded that the swine isolate could not be distinguished from the BDV isolate 137/4 on the basis of their cell culture growth characteristics and ability to in- duce transplacental infections in both sheep and swine, or by the serological responses of infected animals. These findings provided evidence that the isolate 87/6 is a virus more closely related to BDV than to HCV, despite its origin from swine. Next, a fraction of the pestivirus genome coding for 86% of the core gene was prepared from both isolates using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Amplified fragments were subsequently cloned, sequenced and compared with other pestivirus genomes. This provided further support for the hypothesis of the BDV-like nature of the swine isolate. It is suggested that the virus may have crossed the species barrier in nature. The present study shows that transplacental infections in swine with BDV-like viruses can occur.
A Flexible Python-Based Toolkit for Analyzing Team Communication

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Team communication isn’t just empty talk — it encapsulates rich, dynamic processes of navigating challenges, coordinating taskwork, and resolving conflict. However, analyzing communication data is often both computationally and labor-intensive. Researchers must make a number of decisions regarding which features to focus on, how to operationalize them, and the level of analysis with which to aggregate them. This costly process makes it difficult to explore different methods of measuring team communication, as well as to test the robustness of findings across various decision pathways. In this work, we introduce a Python-based toolkit that streamlines the analysis of team communication. Our fully modular design extracts 164 communication features (and counting), and it gives researchers flexibility to examine versions of these features across three levels of analysis (utterance, speaker, and conversation). Drawing on empirical data for teams completing a moral reasoning task, we illustrate key applications of the toolkit: bootstrapping exploratory data analysis, generating measures for constructs of interest, and conducting sensitivity analysis of findings.
ASYMMETRIC ELECTROMYOGRAHIC ACTIVITY IN BACK MUSCLES IN ELITE ROWERS, THE INFLUENCE OF ROWING SIDE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rowing is associated with a high incidence of low back pain (LBP) often attributed to the associated loading and large trunk rotations. Here we examine electromyographic (EMG) activity in rowers who undertake sweep rowing (asymmetrical) or sculling (symmetrical). 22 right handed elite rowers participated and written informed consent was obtained. Each had a preferred rowing side (bow side [BS, n=6]; stroke side [SS, n=7) or sculling [SC, n=9]). Testing was performed in a Cybex isokinetic dynamometer and bilateral EMG activity recorded from trunk muscles (erector spinae [ES] and rectus abdominis [RA]) synchronously. There were no differences between the groups in peak torque during isokinetic or isometric testing, although extensor torque was higher than flexor torque. Analysis of EMG activity revealed that scullers showed no left/right differences in any of the testing protocols. However, sweep rowers showed significant differences between left and right ES during extension protocols, in the isokinetic testing at 30°s −1 (in the SS rowers [LES 0.11±0.01mV vs RES 0.08±0.01mV] and at 90°s −1 in the BS rowers [LES 0.14±0.02mV vs RES 0.12±0.01mV]. In the isometric tests, the SS rowers showed higher left ES activity than the right [LES 0.11±0.01mV vs RES 0.09±0.01mV]. The flexion protocols did not reveal any left right differences in any groups in any of the protocols used. These results reveal that sweep rowing is associated with asymmetric activity of trunk extensors, but not flexors. This could be a contributing factor to the high incidence of LBP in sweep rowers.
Reliability and Validation of the Hebrew Version of the Reasons for Attempting Suicide Questionnaire (RASQ‐H) and its Importance for Mental Pain

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study evaluated the H ebrew R easons for A ttempting S uicide Q uestionnaire ( RASQ ‐ H ) and its application for suicidality, and mental pain and its tolerance. The sample comprised 97 participants who were inpatient suicide attempters, inpatient nonattempters, or nonpatient controls. Differentiation of the RASQ into internal perturbation‐based reasons and extrapunitive/manipulative motivations factors was confirmed, with each scale demonstrating strong internal reliability. While the internal perturbation‐based reasons factor related positively to some suicidal manifestations, to mental pain, and to lower mental pain tolerance, the extrapunitive/manipulative motivations factor mostly associated with lower suicidality and had fewer and smaller associations with mental pain and its tolerance.
Phylogeny and Evolution of Medical Species of Candida and Related Taxa: a Multigenic Analysis

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Hemiascomycetes are species of yeasts within the order Saccharomycetales. The order encompasses disparate genera with a variety of life styles, including opportunistic human pathogens (e.g., Candida albicans ), plant pathogens (e.g., Eremothecium gossypii ), and cosmopolitan yeasts associated with water and decaying vegetation. To analyze the phylogeny of medically important species of yeasts, we selected 38 human pathogenic and related strains in the order Saccharomycetales. The DNA sequences of six nuclear genes were analyzed by maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic methods. The maximum likelihood analysis of the combined data for all six genes resolved three major lineages with significant support according to Bayesian posterior probability. One clade was mostly comprised of pathogenic species of Candida . Another major group contained members of the family Metschnikowiaceae as a monophyletic group, three species of Debaryomyces , and strains of Candida guilliermondii . The third clade consisted exclusively of species of the family Saccharomycetaceae. Analysis of the evolution of key characters indicated that both codon reassignment and coenzyme Q 9 likely had single origins with multiple losses. Tests of correlated character evolution revealed that these two traits evolved independently.
Monologue as a dialogue in Russian literature of the 19th and early 20th centuries

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The author examines the monologue as an artistic device characteristic of Russian literature of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Monologic speech is usually considered redundant for a work of fiction. However, in some cases it is the monologue that makes it possible to express both the special emotional state of characters and the corresponding ideas of the author. Thus, in the poem “The Great Inquisitor” from the novel by F. M. Dostoevsky “The Brothers Karamazov” one can see a typical example of such a monologue. First, the Grand Inquisitor spoke in a peremptory tone to Christ and even wanted to burn him at the stake; however, after the Grand Inquisitor had uttered a monologue he was gripped by fear and allowed Christ to go. At the same time, the Grand Inquisitor did not recant his convictions at all. In this case, the monologue can be conditionally defined as “the dia­logue between a tirade and silence”. In Russian literature of the 19th and early 20th centuries, such monologues are a frequent occurrence. The article considers the monologues of Ivan Ivanovich Nyukhin in A. P. Chekhov’s play “On the Harm of Tobacco” and Yulia in the play “The Traveller” by V. Ya. Bryusov. More­over, a comparative analysis of these three monologues is made. Based on the results of the analysis, the characteristic features of these monologues are determined. In particular, it is concluded that such monologues perform a special function in a literary work: they allow the character, who delivers a monologic speech, to commit such an act which seems unexpected since it does not follow logically from what has been said and even contradicts it in many respects.
The use of implant-supported ceramometal titanium prostheses following sinus lift and augmentation procedures: a clinical report.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

This clinical report presents rationale and clinical procedures involved in the use of ceramometal implant-supported titanium-cast prostheses for the rehabilitation of patients with atrophic maxillae requiring iliac crest grafting procedures. Favorable clinical results have been obtained, although clinical observation periods have been limited. The present observations suggest that osseointegrated ceramometal titanium prostheses could form a valuable part of restorative therapy following augmentation procedures. Furthermore, these titanium prostheses may be a meaningful contribution to implant prosthodontics, facilitating restorations of optimum biocompatibility.
The effect of story grammar instruction on recall, achievement and comprehension of grade two children

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study was designed to test the effect of story grammar instruction on the unprompted recall, prompted recall, reading achievement, and comprehension of 165 Grade 2 students in 9 different classes within the Catholic School System. Classes were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: story grammar instruction (based on story structure) modified reading instruction (researcher designed) or regular reading instruction (classroom teacher's method). Pretests for vocabulary, recall and reading achievement were administered and data were collected on age, sex, socioeconomic status and language skills. Reading programs, including ability groupings, reading material, word skills and vocabulary instruction were altered as little as possible in an attempt to preserve usual classroom routines. Researcher designed seatwork activities were given to the story grammar and modified reading groups to help the researcher monitor the story grammar method and maintain the equality of researcher intervention between story grammar and modified reading. The study continued for eleven weeks. Analysis of covariance, used to test the effect of method, class (nested within method) and sex showed no significant effects for any posttest due to method. However, for the Unprompted Recall test, girls scored significantly higher than boys. Further analyses of covariance, testing the effect of method, class (nested within method) and ability, again indicated no significant main effects for method. However, ability was significant in each posttest with good readers scoring higher than poor readers. In addition, method interacted with ability for the Prompted Recall Detail posttest, indicating that poor readers receiving story grammar instruction scored significantly lower than good readers in any of the three methods. In contrast, poor readers receiving modified or regular reading did not have a score signficantly different from good readers. Method again interacted with ability for the Achievement posttest. Poor readers receiving either story grammar or modified reading instruction scored significantly lower than good readers in any of the three methods. In contrast, poor readers receiving regular reading did not have a score significantly different from good readers. These results differ from those found in previous studies and therefore cannot provide support for story grammar instruction with Grade 2 students. This study concludes with a discussion of the variables within the study design which may have adversely affected the results. Recommendations for refinements in study design to control for these factors are made.
Internal Factors Related to Pulmonary Function Status of Workers at UD X

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The processing of marble stone produces air pollution in the form of dust. Dust emission is generated from cutting, scraping, and polishing processes. The type of dust emission is Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5). The dust level and exposure period can cause lung problems and respiratory complaints. The study aims to determine the factors related to the pulmonary function’s status of workers at UD X, Campurdarat Sub-district, Tulungagung District. Metods: This research used cross-sectional research design and quantitative approach. The sample of this study was 32 people consisting of 26 workers exposed to dust and 7 workers unexposed to dust. The independent variables include were gender, age, working period, education level, smoking habit, and use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Results: In general, the pulmonary function of workers at UD X was quite good. Conlusion: The smoking habit and the use of PPE had a relationship with the pulmonary function of workers at UD X, Campurdarat Sub-district, Tulungagung District. Keywords: internal factor of worker, pulmonary function, workers