jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive review of SGLT2 inhibitors' efficacy through their diuretic mode of action in diabetic patients

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are now the mainstay therapy for both diabetes and heart failure. Post-hoc publications, meta-analysis, and conference presentations of the eight SGLT2i Cardiovascular Outcomes trials (CVOTS) done in diabetic patients constantly echo that this class of drug decreases mortality, reduces cardiovascular events, and prevents heart failure and kidney disease. This review of medical agencies' SGLT2i analysis (FDA and EMA) helps to understand the reality of SGLT2i results in those trials, avoiding to consider observational and statistically undemonstrated endpoints as validated. They also confirmed the unique diuretic mode of action of SGLT2i, promoting osmotic diuresis, and its potential adverse events secondary to hypovolemia and hematocrit increase. They also support the understanding that the beliefs in SGLT2i morbi-mortality benefits are largely overstated mostly based on undemonstrated endpoints. Finally, it is clear that SGLT2i's antidiabetic action, secondary to its renal mode of action, plateaued after a few months and decreased strongly over time, questioning its long-term goal of maintaining diabetic patients' HbA1c below 7%. Also, this effect in patients with renal impairment is quasi null. We think that this review would be very helpful to every physician treating diabetic patients to better balance belief and reality of SGLT2i prescription effects.
Survey of grain aphid infestation in Kings County, N.S.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

During May-July 1981 grain in Kings County, Nova Scotia was monitored for aphid infestation. Aphids and aphid parasites from wheat, oats, barley and rye were collected and identified. Predators were identified but not collected. Macrostphum avenae and Rhopatosiphum padi were the only aphids recorded; both occurred on all grains with M. avenae the dominant species. Nymphs dominated the populations of aphids on all grains throughout the season. Alatae were present early and late in the survey but only in low numbers. Within wheat and oat fields aphids were overdispersed. Numbers of aphids were insufficient at any time in the survey to warrant chemical control. Weather and dispersion of the fields may deter rapid increase in aphid populations in Kings County.
Preventing Perinatal HIV Transmission-Reply

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In Reply. —We share the interests of Drs Goldstein and Sever in promoting prenatal HIV testing. Indeed, the concern that many HIV-infected women and their children were not receiving needed care because their HIV infections remained undiagnosed was a primary impetus toward developing the US Public Health Service guidelines for the universal offering of prenatal HIV counseling and voluntary testing. 1 Our main disagreement with Goldstein and Sever is in the best way to accomplish this goal. An often unspoken tenet of arguments and policies favoring mandatory prenatal HIV testing is that many women will not be tested if testing is voluntary. However, several studies have demonstrated that voluntary HIV testing programs can achieve high rates of testing and of initiating care. 2,3 To our knowledge, no data are available to assess whether mandatory testing can be an effective strategy for ensuring that HIV-infected women and their children receive appropriate care. Prenatal
Total Synthesis of Furanether B. An Application of a [3 + 4] Annulation Strategy

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal Synthesis of Furanether B. An Application of a [3 + 4] Annulation StrategyGary A. Molander and John S. CareyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 15, 4845–4849Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00120a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00120a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views861Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Building career capital in high technology research and development organisations

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Knowledge workers build their career capital through learning experiences throughout their careers. How this occurs for the R&D knowledge worker has not been previously documented. The loss of key R&D personnel in the hightechnology (high-tech) industry contributes to a loss of tacit knowledge and increased costs. A greater understanding of why and how career capital is accumulated by R&D knowledge workers will facilitate the design of career management practices that could reduce voluntary employee turnover. A qualitative investigation into the applicability of eight widely recognised career capital components revealed a new component that is relevant to the high-tech R&D environment. These applicable career capital components and associated accumulation methods were used to build a quantitative questionnaire that measured the perceptions of 59 knowledge workers in the R&D environment. This research has, for the first time, explicitly defined tangible career capital constructs that are relevant to knowledge workers in the high-tech R&D environment. The findings have been used to develop a model to help organisations understand the career needs of the R&D knowledge worker within the context of the business environment. Recommendations are presented to allow organisations and R&D knowledge workers to leverage off this research.
Rationally isotropic quadratic spaces are locally isotropic. III

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let $R$ be a regular semilocal domain containing a field such that all the residue fields are infinite. Let $K$ be the fraction field of $R$. Let $(R^n,q\colon R^n \to R)$ be a quadratic space over $R$ such that the quadric $\{q=0\}$ is smooth over $R$. If the quadratic space $(R^n,q\colon R^n \to R)$ over $R$ is isotropic over $K$, then there is a unimodular vector $v \in R^n$ such that $q(v)=0$. If $\mathrm {char}(R)=2$, then in the case of even $n$ the assumption on $q$ is equivalent to the fact that $q$ is a nonsingular quadratic space and in the case of odd $n > 2$ this assumption on $q$ is equivalent to the fact that $q$ is a semiregular quadratic space.
Maximal Strength Training Improves Surfboard Sprint and Endurance Paddling Performance in Competitive and Recreational Surfers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Coyne, JOC, Tran, TT, Secomb, JL, Lundgren, LE, Farley, ORL, Newton, RU, and Sheppard, JM. Maximal strength training improves surfboard sprint and endurance paddling performance in competitive and recreational surfers. J Strength Cond Res 31(1): 244–253, 2017—Upper-body (UB) strength has very high correlations with faster surfboard paddling speeds. However, there is no research examining the effects of improving UB strength has on surfboard paddling ability. This study aimed to determine the influence that improvements in UB closed–kinetic chain maximal strength have on surfboard paddling in both competitive and recreational surfers. Seventeen competitive and recreational male surfers (29.7 ± 7.7 years, 177.4 ± 7.4 cm, 76.7 ± 9.9 kg) participated in a repeated-measures, parallel control study design. Anthropometry; 5-, 10-, and 15-m sprint; and 400-m endurance surfboard paddling tests along with pull-up and dip 1 repetition maximum strength tests were assessed pre- and postintervention. Subjects in the training group performed 5 weeks of maximal strength training in the pull-up and dip. Differences between the training and control groups were examined postintervention. The training group increased their speed over the 5-, 10-, and 15-m sprint, whereas the control group became slower ( d = 0.71, 0.51, and 0.4, respectively). The training group also displayed faster endurance paddling performance compared with the control group ( d = 0.72). Short-term exposure to maximal strength training elicits improvements in paddling performance measures. However, the magnitude of performance increases seems to be dependent on initial strength levels with differential responses between strong and weaker athletes. Although a longer maximal strength training period may have produced more significant paddling improvements in stronger subjects, practitioners are unlikely to have any more than 5 weeks in an uninterrupted block with competitive surfing athletes. This study reveals that a “threshold” level of maximal strength that if possessed, short-term maximal strength training may only provide little improvement in paddling performance.
The vimentin cage in senescent human dermal fibroblasts

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Der Vimentin-Käfig ist eine monopolare, perinukleäre Ansammlung von Vimentin-Intermediärfilamenten, welche in verschiedenen Zellstadien beobachtet wurden. Die Bedeutung dessen im Zusammenhang mit Seneszenz ist weitgehend unbekannt. In dieser Arbeit wurde die Käfigbildungsfähigkeit von seneszenten humanen dermalen Fibroblasten (HDFs) in stressinduzierter vorzeitiger Seneszenz (SIPS) und replikativer Seneszenz (RS) erforscht. Mittels Immunfluoreszenzfärbung für Marker der zellulären Seneszenz und Vimentin wurde eine quantitative Analyse der Seneszenzinduktion und der Käfigbildung in HDFs durchgeführt. Während junge HDFs im Wesentlichen keine Käfige aufwiesen, bildeten RS HDFs sie. Auffallend war, dass SIPS HDFs mit Käfigen vermehrt DNA Schäden, Zellkernverformungen und Verzerrungen der Kernhülle besaßen. Aufgrund der geringen Käfighäufigkeit in SIPS HDFs wurde die Kultivierung in konditioniertem Medium zur Käfiginduktion getestet. In 1000 µL und 500 µL konditioniertem Medium bildeten SIPS HDFs vermehrt Käfige. Nach Zugabe von frischem Medium sank der Käfiganteil innerhalb einer Stunde. Ich stellte die Hypothese auf, dass Glykierung, eine nicht-enzymatische Proteinmodifikation, die Ursache der Vimentin-Käfigbildung ist, da glykierende Spezies im konditionierten Medium angereichert sein könnten. Um diese Hypothese zu testen, kultivierte ich SIPS HDFs in konditioniertem Medium, unter Zugabe des Glykierungsinhibitors Metformin, und stellte einen deutlichen Rückgang der Käfighäufigkeit fest. Des Weiteren wurden proliferierende HDFs mit dem Glykierungsauslöser Glyoxal kultiviert. Dies führte zu einer Käfigzunahme, wobei sich der Käfiganteil nach der Zugabe von frischem Medium innerhalb von sechs Stunden um fast ein Drittel verringerte. Insgesamt deutet diese Studie darauf hin, dass die Entstehung von Vimentin-Käfigen in seneszenten HDFs durch Glykierung bedingt ist. Als endgültiger Beweis müssen jedoch Glykierungsprodukte durch eine geeignete Methode nachgewiesen werden.
AGGREGATION OF OPINIONS FOR SYSTEM SELECTION USING APPROXIMATIONS OF FUZZY NUMBERS

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Applied Mathematics and Sciences: An International Journal (MathSJ)
ISSN : 2349 - 6223 D. Stephen Dinagar1, K.Jivagan2, 1,2PG and Research Department of Mathematics, T.B.M.L. College, Porayar ABSTRACT In this article we assume that experts express their view points by way of approximation of Triangular fuzzy numbers. We take the help of fuzzy set theory concept to model the situation and present a method to aggregate these approximations of triangular fuzzy numbers to obtain an overall approximation of triangular fuzzy number for each system and then linear ordering done before the best system is chosen. A comparison has been made betweenapproximation of triangular fuzzy systems and the corresponding fuzzy triangular numbers systems. The notions like fuzziness and ambiguity for the approximation of triangular fuzzy numbers are also found. Keywords : Approximations ofTriangular fuzzy numbers, similarity of fuzzy numbers, Relative similarity degree. Original Source URL: http://airccse.com/mathsj/papers/1214mathsj06.pdf
For More Details Visiy: http://airccse.com/mathsj/index.html
Which Way to Grow? Startup Internationalization and Innovation in Latin America and Europe

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Internationalization and innovation are both critical strategies for growth-oriented startups. Whereas high uncertainty and unique learning challenges in emerging markets such as Latin America make the respective startups set their preference on internationalization, and only thereafter on innovation, in developed markets like Europe internationalization and innovation are more and more regarded as “vicious circle”, reinforcing each other. This suggests that the institutional context of firms shapes the priorities set on innovation and internationalization, and the relationship of the two strategies. In this paper, we investigate potential tradeoffs between internationalization and innovation in Latin America and Europe by having a closer look at the legal business context in a startups home country. Our paper contributes to the literature on international and strategic entrepreneurship and the institutional context startups face in their home countries. Relying on proprietary data of a globally operating European ICT corporation that is listed at the EUROSTOXX 50 index, we analyze the strategic choices between internationalization and innovation in an unbalanced panel of 359 (336) ICT startups and 1,613 (1,422) observations from seven Latin American countries and five European countries during the years 2014-2016. Our findings suggest that the legal business context in a startup’s home country influences the likelihood of startup internationalization.
Metabolomic Associations of Asthma in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Asthma disproportionally affects Hispanic and/or Latino backgrounds; however, the relation between circulating metabolites and asthma remains unclear. We conducted a cross-sectional study associating 640 individual serum metabolites, as well as twelve metabolite modules, with asthma in 3347 Hispanic/Latino background participants (514 asthmatics, 15.36%) from the Hispanic/Latino Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Using survey logistic regression, per standard deviation (SD) increase in 1-arachidonoyl-GPA (20:4) was significantly associated with 32% high odds of asthma after accounting for clinical risk factors (p = 6.27 × 10−5), and per SD of the green module, constructed using weighted gene co-expression network, was suggestively associated with 25% high odds of asthma (p = 0.006). In the stratified analyses by sex and Hispanic and/or Latino backgrounds, the effect of 1-arachidonoyl-GPA (20:4) and the green module was predominantly observed in women (OR = 1.24 and 1.37, p < 0.001) and people of Cuban and Puerto-Rican backgrounds (OR = 1.25 and 1.27, p < 0.01). Mutations in Fatty Acid Desaturase 2 (FADS2) affected the levels of 1-arachidonoyl-GPA (20:4), and Mendelian Randomization analyses revealed that high genetically regulated 1-arachidonoyl-GPA (20:4) levels were associated with increased odds of asthma (p < 0.001). The findings reinforce a molecular basis for asthma etiology, and the potential causal effect of 1-arachidonoyl-GPA (20:4) on asthma provides an opportunity for future intervention.
A therapeutic T cell receptor mimic antibody targets tumor-associated PRAME peptide/HLA-I antigens

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In Figure 4D, the horizontal axes of the two graphs were labeled incorrectly, and one sentence in the legend for this part was also incorrect.The correct figure part and sentence are below.Expression of H2AFY isoform 1.1 and the STRAP long isoform in U2AF1 S34F and U2AF1 WT transduced cells was measured by isoform-specific qRT-PCR relative to the EV control (red bars: erythroid cells; blue bars: granulomonocytic cells).
displacive transition

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Citation: 'displacive transition' in the IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 3rd ed.; International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry; 2006. Online version 3.0.1, 2019. 10.1351/goldbook.D01798 • License: The IUPAC Gold Book is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike CC BY-SA 4.0 International for individual terms. Requests for commercial usage of the compendium should be directed to IUPAC.
Capillary fragility during air exposure of man to 1-5 ATA and after decompression.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Capillary fragility in man during exposure to 1-5 ATA air and after decompression from these pressures was studied by means of a petechiometer. A significant increase in capillary fragility was observed at 4 and 5 ATA air and after decompression from 3, 4, and 5 ATA air to normal pressure. It is suggested that this phenomenon may be associated with impairment of neurophysiological functions detectable only by special tests.
[The region of phage T4 W-29 genes: cloning and expression].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The EcoRI fragment of T4 DNA containing the W-29 genes and its subfragments were cloned in the pBR322 and the singlestranded M13 phage. Hybridization with a cloned DNA showed that in T4 infected cells the transcription of the late genes 25-29 depends on the phage-induced RNA polymerase changes and on replication of phage DNA. At a late infection stage one also observes an enhanced transcription of the (early) genes uvsW and uvsY, which depends on viral DNA replication. Both early and late genes within recombinant plasmids are also expressed in uninfected cells carrying a plasmid regardless of the inserted fragment orientation and independently of the vector promoters. Hybrid plasmids demonstrated a high frequency of recombination with phage DNA in the infected cell. An RNA polymerase from uninfected cells binds itself to the late cloned genes to form "open" complexes. A purified RNA polymerase transcribes both early and late genes within recombinant plasmids. The relative transcription of the late cloned genes is enhanced if one uses an RNA polymerase from T4-infected cells. The super-helicity of template DNA is essential for transcription of early and late genes.
Direct\nObservation of One-Dimensional Peierls-type\nCharge Density Wave in Twin Boundaries of Monolayer MoTe<sub>2</sub>

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

One-dimensional (1D)\nmetallic mirror-twin boundaries (MTBs) in\nmonolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides exhibit a periodic charge\nmodulation and provide an ideal platform for exploring collective\nelectron behavior in the confined system. The underlying mechanism\nof the charge modulation and how the electrons travel in 1D structures\nremain controversial. Here, for the first time, we observed atomic-scale\nstructures of the charge distribution within one period in MTB of\nmonolayer MoTe<sub>2</sub> by using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy.\nThe coexisting apparent periodic lattice distortions and U-shaped\nenergy gap clearly demonstrate a Peierls-type charge density wave\n(CDW). Equidistant quantized energy levels with varied periodicity\nare further discovered outside the CDW gap along the metallic MTB.\nDensity functional theory calculations are in good agreement with\nthe gapped electronic structures and reveal that they originate mainly\nfrom a Mo 4d orbital. Our work presents hallmark evidence of the 1D\nPeierls-type CDW on the metallic MTBs and offers opportunities to\nstudy the underlying physics of 1D charge modulation.
A New Probability Model Based on a Coherent System with Applications

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The notion of a coherent system allows us to formalize how the random lifetime of the system is connected to the random lifetimes of its components. These connections are also generators of new pliant distributions, being those of various mixes of minimum and maximum of random variables. In this paper, a new four-parameter lifetime probability distribution is introduced by using the notion of a coherent system. Its structural properties are assessed and evaluated, including the analytical study of its main functions, stochastic dominance results, moments, and moment generating function. The proposed distribution, in particular, is proving to be efficient at fitting data with slight negative skewness and platykurtic as well as leptokurtic nature. This is illustrated by the analysis of three relevant real-life data sets, two in reliability and another in production, exhibiting the significance of the introduced model in comparison to various well-known models in statistical literature.
Results from a historical survey of the survival of cancer patients given Di Bella Multitherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND The Italian media have given wide coverage to a number of successes in treating cancer patients with an alternative therapy developed by Dr. Luigi Di Bella, a physician in Modena, Italy. In 1998, the Ministry of Health, under considerable pressure from the public, decided to promote studies to evaluate its efficacy. METHODS Follow-up was conducted for cancer patients previously treated during the years 1971−1997 by Dr. Di Bella and registered in his archive. Identified cases were searched in cancer registries for diagnostic confirmation, date of diagnosis, and follow-up. Survival was compared with that in individually matched cancer cases derived from a pool of Italian cancer registries (the ITACARE data base). Kaplan−Meier survival curves were produced for all adult cancer patients as well as for children with leukemia and, in the matched analysis, for patients with cancer at the major anatomic sites and for all cancer patients combined. The homogeneity of survival curves between the two groups was tested by means of the log rank test. RESULTS After several exclusions, 314 patients were entered into the study. Follow-up was completed for 79%. Only four patients received Di Bella Multitherapy (MDB) as their only anticancer therapy. Of these, only 1 is still alive 2 years after diagnosis. Five-year survival rates for children with leukemia and adult cancer patients were both 29.4%. Five-year survival was significantly lower in comparison with ITACARE cases for patients with childhood leukemia, breast carcinoma, and adult leukemia, and for all cancer patients combined. Twenty-seven MDB patients survived 10 years or longer after diagnosis. In only three cases was this long survival unexpected. CONCLUSIONS The results for this series did not give any evidence that MDB improved the survival of the cancer patients. [See editorial on pages 1887−9 and commentaries on pages 1900−2 and 1903−11 this issue.] Cancer 1999;86:2143–9. © 1999 American Cancer Society.