jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Accountability through Conditional Amnesty

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

At a time when amnesty appears well on its way toward pariah status among transitional policy options, South Africa’s bold attempt, in the mid-to-late 1990s, to incorporate a generous domestic amnesty arrangement into an accountability process for politically motivated crimes deserves our attention. This chapter reviews the history and implementation of South Africa’s conditional amnesty law and its longer term domestic impact. It also offers an assessment of this policy option as a blueprint for an accountability mechanism to be employed in other political transitions.
A serum microRNA expression signature for radiosensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Chemoradiotherapy represents the main treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially for the advanced lung cancer. However, the curative effect varies significantly. Many microRNAs are verified to be associated with it and microRNA signature may be a good biomarker to predict the radiosensitivity. Methods: Genome-wide microRNA profiling was analyzed by microarray and validated by qRT-PCR in radio-resistant cell lines and their parent cell lines (A549 and PC9, the corresponding cell lines named A549-R and PC9-R). Then we used colony formation by transfecting miRNA-mimics into A549 and PC9 for functional verification. Finally, a potential microRNA signature was established by an independent set of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) serum samples and validated by available corresponding formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPE) samples. Results: 73 up-regulated and 24 down-regulated miRNAs were found by microarray and 11 up-regulated, 3 down-regulated and 3 non-different miRNAs were rechecked by qRT-PCR. A miRNA signature, including miR-1290, miR-2861, miR-25-5p and miR-92a-1-5p was selected for further exploration. Overexpression of miR-1290 and miR-2861 increased the radio resistance of A549 and PC9 while overexpression of miR-25-5p and miR-92a-1-5p reversed the radio resistance of A549-R and PC9-R. The four-miRNAs signature could predict the chemotherapeutic response with high accuracy, 83.4% and 79.5% in both the test (serum samples) and validation (FFPE samples) cohorts respectively. Conclusions: It is the first report of a miRNA signature for cell lines, serum and tissues. Serum and tissue miRNAs represent novel biomarkers to predict radiotherapy response clinically and may represent potential molecular targets to sensitize resistant cancers. Legal entity responsible for the study: Shandong Cancer Hospital affiliated to Shandong University. Funding: Has not received any funding. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Esophageal insufflation computed tomography in clinically normal dogs

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract OBJECTIVE To assess the feasibility of esophageal insufflation CT (EICT) for evaluation of the esophagus in dogs. ANIMALS 7 clinically normal adult Beagles. PROCEDURES Each dog was anesthetized twice with 1 week between anesthesia sessions. Dogs were positioned in sternal recumbency during all CT scans. During the first anesthesia session, a CT scan was performed before the esophagus was insufflated (insufflation pressure, 0 mm Hg) and unenhanced and contrast-enhanced EICT scans were performed after CO 2 was insufflated into the esophageal lumen to achieve a pressure of 5 mm Hg. For the contrast-enhanced scan, each dog received iohexol (600 mg/kg, IV), and the scan was performed 30 seconds later. During the second anesthesia session, unenhanced and contrast-enhanced EICT scans were performed in the same manner except the insufflation pressure achieved was 10 mm Hg. The esophageal luminal cross-sectional area and wall thickness were measured at each of 5 segments, and mean values were compared among the 3 insufflation pressures and between unenhanced and contrast-enhanced images. RESULTS Mean esophageal luminal cross-sectional area increased and esophageal wall thickness decreased as insufflation pressure increased. Measurements did not differ significantly between unenhanced and contrast-enhanced images. The stomach became distended with CO 2 at an insufflation pressure of 10 mm Hg but not at 5 mm Hg. No adverse effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested EICT was feasible for esophageal evaluation in dogs. Further research is necessary to determine the optimal insufflation pressure for the procedure and its diagnostic efficacy in diseased patients.
PENGARUH SERVICE RECOVERY TERHADAP KEPUASAN PENUMPANG DIBANDARA HUSEIN SASTRANEGARA

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Tourism is one of industries that is growing quite rapidly and cannot be separated from the roles of other sectors. One of those sectors is transportation. Air transportation service, as the most important transportation, needs assistance from airport that has one of tourism elements which is accessibility. One of the airports in Indonesia, which is Husein Sastranegara Bandung airport, always faces increase in the number of passengers in every year which cause over capacity. It makes PT Angkasa Pura II, as the maintainer of the airport, receive many complaints from the passengers. Those complaints will affect the passengers’ satisfaction. In order to decrease service failure, the airport management applies service recovery in the form of actions, efforts, or process to increase passengers satisfaction. In this study, service recovery that consists of procedural justice, interactive justice and outcome justice. In the other hand, passengers satisfaction which is obtained from the comparison result between the performance perceived by the passengers (perceived) and the passengers’ expectation (expected).The population of respondents in this study is 100 passengers who have ever made complaints and received service recovery at Husein Sastranegara airport. The method used in this study is descriptive- explanatory method with less than a year length of research (cross sectional method). The data analysis and hypothesis test technique used in this study is multiple linear regression. The purposes of this study are to gain and/or get the result about passengers satisfaction towards service recovery. The result of this study shows that the entire dimension of service recovery has significant influence towards passengers satisfaction.
Crowdsourcing Biodiversity Monitoring

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Large scale biodiversity monitoring is essential for sustain-able development (earth stewardship). With the recent ad-vances in computer vision, we see the emergence of more and more eﬀective identification tools allowing to set-up large-scale data collection platforms such as the popular Pl@ntNet initiative. Although it still covers only a fraction of the world ﬂora, this platform is already being used by more than 300K people who produce tens of thousands of validated plant ob-servations each year. Nevertheless, this explicitly shared and validated data is only the tip of the iceberg. The real po-tential relies on the millions of raw image queries submitted by the users of the mobile application but for which there is no human validation at all. Allowing the exploitation of such contents in a fully automatic way could scale up the world-wide collection of plant observations by several orders of magnitude. In this paper, we first survey existing auto-mated plant identification systems through a five-year syn-thesis of the PlantCLEF benchmark and an impact study of the Pl@ntNet platform. We then focus more specifically on the implicit monitoring scenario and discuss several new re-lated research challenges. Finally, we discuss the results of a preliminary experimental study focused on the implicit mon-itoring of invasive species in mobile search logs. We show that the results are very promising but that there is still some room for improvement before being able to automat-ically share such implicit observations within international biodiversity platforms.
Expression of claudins -2 and -4 and cingulin is coordinated with the start of stratification and differentiation in corneal epithelial cells: retinoic acid reversibly disrupts epithelial barrier

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Summary Although tight junctions (TJ) have been extensively studied in simple epithelial cells, it is still unknown whether their organization is coupled to cell differentiation in stratified epithelia. We studied the expression of TJ in RCE1(5T5) cells, an in vitro model which mimics the sequential steps of rabbit corneal epithelial differentiation. RCE1(5T5) cells expressed TJ components which were assembled once cells constituted differentiated epithelia, as suggested by the increase of transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) which followed a similar kinetic to the expression of the early differentiation marker Pax-6. TJ were functional as indicated by the establishment of an epithelial barrier nonpermeable to ruthenium red or a biotin tracer. In immunostaining experiments, TJ were located at the superficial cells from the suprabasal layers; Western blot and RT-PCR suggested that TJ were composed of claudins (cldn) -1, -2, -4, cingulin (cgn), occludin (ocln) and ZO-1. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and TER measurements showed that TJ became organized when cells began to form a 3–5 layers stratified epithelium; TER increased once cells reached confluence, with a time course comparable to the raise in the expression of cgn, cldn-2 and -4. Nevertheless, cldn-1, -2, ZO-1 and ocln were present in the cells from the beginning of cultivation, suggesting that TER increases mainly depend on TJ assembly. While EGF increased epithelial barrier strength, retinoic acid disrupted it, increasing paracellular flux about 2-fold; this effect was concentration dependent and completely reversible. Our results suggest that TJ assembly is tightly linked to the expression of corneal epithelial terminal phenotype.
A Case of General Teleangiectasis, Most Developed in the Left Half of the Body, Associated with Abnormalities of the Large Blood-Vessels of the Left Lower Limb and in the Neck

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Tins case is so remarkable for the great extent of the navoid disorder, and for the unexpected abnormalities in some of the largest blood -vessels found at the inspection of the body, that I venture to hope it may not be unworthy of the notice of this Society.In 1866, when I was assistant-surgeon to the Middle- sex Hospital, E. L-, a puny infant, only a few weeks old, was brought to the out-patient room with intertrigo in the groins and in the crease between the thighs and vulva.A few small navoid specks caught my attention; the mother seemed hardly to have remarked their pre- sence.Under simple treatment the intertrigo disappeared,
A new design of magnetic separator

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This high intensity, high gradient, cyclic magnetic separator has the magnetic field and the wash water path tranverse to the feed slurry flow path. This allows the length of the slurry flow path to be independently selected without effecting the magnetizing force (ampere-turns). The length of the flow path of wash water (for regenerating the magnetic matrix) can also be independently selected without affecting the length of the feed slurry flow path. Since the selection of each of these parameters can be made independently, it is possible to optimize each parameter for each particular application.
On the 2:1 Preponderance of Male Infants in the incidence of Pyloric Stenosis and in Convictions for “Shaken Baby Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction:It is known that in Pyloric Stenosis, Macrocephaly, and convictions for "Shaken Baby Syndrome"(SBS) the infant is twice as likely to be male as female.It has previously been hypothesised that the injuries assumed to prove SBS actually result from transient venous hypertension occurring during violent vomiting caused by pyloric stenosis.Macrocephaly also can be explained in terms of venous hypertension.By 1912 the pylorus had been recognized as a three part organ (antrum, canal, sphincter) independent of the stomach, but capable of cooperative action.Much of this has now been forgotten and the pylorus is considered to be merely the distal part of the stomach.Understanding of the early development and function of the pylorus is essential to understanding the development of stenosis and hence assymetrical gender distribution.Mechanics: At birth the human pylorus is proportionately longer and thinner than in the adult.In the first few months of life, before weaning, it has to grow thicker and more compact to be powerful enough to reduce food lumps to paste before passing food onwards into the duodenum.Testosterone stimulates contractile protein production, but not cell length, in the smooth muscle cells surrounding the pylorus.In males muscle will may grow too bulky for the current circumference and expand inwards, producing stenosis. Conclusion:The 2:1 male gender bias in pyloric stenosis, and hence conviction rate for SBS, arises naturally from this Transient Venous Hypertension hypothesis.Hence, "SBS" trauma is a physiological phenomenon, not Imposed Trauma.
Objects in focus groups: Materiality and shaping multicultural research encounters

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper discusses some opportunities and challenges of using objects in focus groups, to explore multicultural encounters and experiences of living together. Drawing on feminist approaches to human embodiment, it argues that material approaches hold the potential to investigate the embodied and relational experiences of encounters with/across difference of diverse participants in sensitive ways. The materials were touchable objects such as pens and papers that help connect across differences in identity, experience and opinion, share experiences and stories with unknown others, communicate across (non)verbal barriers, misunderstandings and tensions, and accommodate moments of silence and reflection. Originally meant to ease and structure discussion, objects emerged as a central ‘medium’ or ‘instrument’ of research encounters through which participants can capture, express and share complex narratives about encountering others and multicultural living, underscoring the use of objects as an impactful method in feminist and participatory research.
Voice Assessment in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: An Exploratory Study on Associations with Bulbar and Respiratory Function

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Speech production is a possible way to monitor bulbar and respiratory functions in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Moreover, the emergence of smartphone-based data collection offers a promising approach to reduce frequent hospital visits and enhance patient outcomes. Here, we studied the relationship between bulbar and respiratory functions with voice characteristics of ALS patients, alongside a speech therapist’s evaluation, at the convenience of using a simple smartphone. Methods: For voice assessment, we considered a speech therapist’s standardized tool—consensus auditory-perceptual evaluation of voice (CAPE-V); and an acoustic analysis toolbox. The bulbar sub-score of the revised ALS functional rating scale (ALSFRS-R) was used, and pulmonary function measurements included forced vital capacity (FVC%), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP%), and maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP%). Correlation coefficients and both linear and logistic regression models were applied. Results: A total of 27 ALS patients (12 males; 61 years mean age; 28 months median disease duration) were included. Patients with significant bulbar dysfunction revealed greater CAPE-V scores in overall severity, roughness, strain, pitch, and loudness. They also presented slower speaking rates, longer pauses, and higher jitter values in acoustic analysis (all p < 0.05). The CAPE-V’s overall severity and sub-scores for pitch and loudness demonstrated significant correlations with MIP% and MEP% (all p < 0.05). In contrast, acoustic metrics (speaking rate, absolute energy, shimmer, and harmonic-to-noise ratio) significantly correlated with FVC% (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results provide supporting evidence for the use of smartphone-based recordings in ALS patients for CAPE-V and acoustic analysis as reliable correlates of bulbar and respiratory function.
Morton Feldman Neither; Samuel Beckett Footfalls. Staatskapelle Berlin cond. François Xavier Roth; Katie Mitchell, director; Julia Wieninger, actor; Laura Aikin, soprano; Staatsoper im Schiller Theater, Berlin

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Neither is Morton Feldman's only opera. The libretto is a single page of text by Samuel Beckett. British director Katie Mitchell has paired her new staging of this single act work, premiered in 1977, with her staging of Beckett's 1975 short play, Footfalls . This new production was presented as part of the Infektion! festival of new music theatre at the Berlin Staatsoper in June of this year.
Ruin Theory in a Discrete Time Risk Model with Interest Income

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT In this paper we consider a discrete time insurance risk model with interest income. Using the recursive calculation method of De Vylder & Goovaerts (1988), recursive equations for the finite time ruin probabilities and the distribution of the time of ruin are derived. Fredholm type integral equations for the ultimate ruin probability, the distribution of the severity of ruin, the joint distribution of surplus before and after ruin, and the probability of absolute ruin are obtained. Numerical results are included.
SHCBP1 Promotes the Progression of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Via the TGFβ Pathway

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Esophageal cancer (EC) is known as a type of common malignant tumor, with the incidence ranking eighth worldwide. Because of the high metastasis of advanced EC, the total survival rate has been quite low. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a main type of EC. Targeted therapy for ESCC has become a new direction; however, newly therapeutic targets are also badly needed. Shc SH2 domain-binding protein (SHCBP1) is located on 16q11.2, which is a downstream protein of the Shc adaptor. SHCBP1 participates in the regulation of several physiological and pathologic processes, such as cytokinesis. Recent studies have found that SHCBP1 was abnormally upregulated in multiple types of tumors, such as breast cancer and liver cancer, and that it affects the proliferation and motility of cancer cells in vitro. However, it remains unclear whether SHCBP1 is related to the progression of EC. Herein, we found the upregulation of SHCBP1 in human EC tissues. Our findings further demonstrated that SHCBP1 expression was related to the clinical features of ESCC patients. We found that SHCBP1 depletion inhibited the proliferation and motility of ESCC cells via the transforming growth factor β pathway and that it suppressed the growth of tumors in mice. We, therefore, concluded that SHCBP1 could serve as a promising EC molecular target.
Health needs of children in State care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background \nThere are over 5,500 children and young people in the custody of the State in New Zealand. Their complex experiences and life stories have important implications for health services. Research has shown that children and young people in State care are a very vulnerable group with relatively high levels of unrecognised or unmet health needs (1,2). \nMethods \nA rapid literature review of the health needs of children and young people in State care and of best practice for health services in responding to those needs. Te waka hourua (the two-hulled canoe) (3) was used as a framework to understand health needs of children in State care, as well as to consider how health services can best respond to those needs. \nResults \nChildren and young people in State care have needs across all health domains, including secure whānau and family attachment as well as timely assessment and effective management of physical, spiritual, and mental health needs. Many of these children experience co-occurrence of physical and mental health conditions which means there needs to be excellent co-ordination between paediatric and youth health services and mental health services within and between DHBs. Key infrastructure elements to achieve positive outcomes will include gathering and use of good data, development of staff knowledge, skills and understanding, and effective community programmes to improve child safety. \nConclusion \nAn effective child-centred approach that will enable health services to better identify and address health issues for all children, including the most vulnerable. It is also essential to remember that the journey toward health and wellbeing is also impacted by wider societal and historical influences (3). \nReferences \n1.\tHealth needs audit for looked after children and young people in the care of the London Borough of Hillingdon. Adoption & Fostering [Internet]. 2016 July 1, 2016; 40(2):[188-97 pp.]. Available from: http://aaf.sagepub.com/content/40/2/188.short \n2.\tSzilagyi MA, Rosen DS, Rubin D, Zlotnik S, Szilagyi MA, Harmon D, et al. Health care issues for children and adolescents in foster care and kinship care. Pediatrics. 2015;136(4):e1142-e66.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-2656 \n3.\tPitama S, Huria T, Lacey C. Improving Māori health through clinical assessment: Waikare o te waka o meihana. The New Zealand Medical Journal. 2014;127(1393):107-19.
Response of alpine heathland soils to environmental change and land management

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This thesis reports a series of experiments investigating some aspects of seasonal C and nutrient cycling and microbial community responses in an alpine heathland under three environmental pressures: N deposition represented by N additions at four levels (0, 10, 20, 50 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>), climate change simulated by open top chambers (OTCs) and accidental burning (one low intensity fire event that occurred in autumn 1999). The Culardoch experimental site was used, which is located on an alpine heathland in the Eastern Cairngorms mountains, Scotland. The responses studied were related to litter decomposition dynamics, soil processes and the soil microbial community. Mass loss and nutrient status during decomposition of litter from the plots (“native”) and collected outside the plots (“standard”) were studied. Litter decomposition was not affected significantly by the treatments. Despite the decrease in initial C:N ratio by N additions, this treatment affected only phosphomonoesterase activity and a trend for increasing glucosidase and xylosidase activity with increasing N additions was seen. OTC impacts were limited to effects on P cycling in “native” decomposing litter in the later stages of decomposition and more P was accumulated in litter from the plots with the OTCs. Burning affected N cycling in “native” decomposing litter (more N was accumulated in litter incubated in the burnt plots) and mass loss, C, N and P content in “standard” litter. Increased cellulolytic activity was observed in litter from the burnt plots. Those changes were attributed to shifts in the bacterial and fungal communities due to burning and warming treatments, while N additions had only a minor effect on microbial community structure. Decomposition phase had the greatest effect on microbial community structure suggesting that a succession of communities occurred during decomposition. One of the most important findings was the lack of interactive effects among the three main treatments, indicating that they act independently on particular components of the ecosystem.