jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nutrition Information and Health Message on Sugar, Salt, and Fat Content on Ready-to-Serve Food Products in Indonesia: An Examination of Consumer and Producer Perspectives

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The popularity of ready-to-serve foods has increased in Indonesia, particularly among busy consumers with limited time for cooking at home. However, the consumption of ready-to-serve foods high in sugar, salt, and fat (SSF) has prompted concerns regarding their potential adverse health impacts when consumed excessively. The present study aimed to investigate consumers’ behavior and perception regarding the purchase of ready-to-serve foods and the practice of food producers in providing these products. The study employed a structured questionnaire involving 100 consumers selected based on purposive sampling. Additionally, focus group discussions were conducted with 80 ready-to-serve food producers across five Indonesian cities using a cross-sectional research design. The data analysis, conducted using binary logistics, yielded significant findings regarding the relationship between consumers’ income and their purchase decisions regarding ready-to-serve food. This study revealed that price (42%), taste (31%), and accessibility (23%) were the primary factors influencing consumers’ food choices. However, it also indicated that nutrition and health aspects received inadequate attention from consumers, which is a cause for concern. Concurrently, the producers who participated in this study indicated that they prioritize sanitation and hygiene (53.8%) in their food production, citing regulatory requirements as the primary driver of this practice. It is regrettable that the majority of the producers (92.5%) lacked information regarding the nutrition content of their products. Moreover, they did not actively contribute (2%-11%) to controlling SSF levels except to respond to consumers’ demands. These findings underscore the necessity for enhanced awareness campaigns and implementation strategies involving all stakeholders to promote healthier, ready-to-serve foods. The implications of these findings for future policy and practice are significant, highlighting the need for a more comprehensive approach to nutrition education and labeling in the ready-to-serve food industry in Indonesia.
Enhancement of membrane permeability to a poorly absorbed drug by medium-chain glycerides: Effect of medium-chain glycerides on the release of phenol red from egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The influence of medium-chain glyceride (MCG) on the membrane permeability was investigated. Liposomes with a basal composition of egg phosphatidylcholine : cholestero=4 : 1 were used to examine the effect of MCG and its components on the release of phenol red (PR) through the liposomal membrane by the dynamic dialysis method. With increase of MCG content in the membrane, the release of PR was enhanced. Among MCG components tested, dicaprylglyceride and tricaprylglyceride enhanced the release. When MCG emulsion was added to the control liposome suspension, PR was released more rapidly than from liposome without addition of MCG emulsion. To investigate the mechanism of the enhancement of membrane permeability, the effect of temperature on the release of PR was examined. The activation energies calculated from the slope of Arrhenius plots did not change significantly with the addition of MCG, so that it was unclear whether the change of membrane permeability could be correlated with the membrane fluidity.
Geometric-Spectral Reconstruction Learning for Multi-Source Open-Set Classification With Hyperspectral and LiDAR Data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Dear Editor, This letter presents an open-set classification method of remote sensing images (RSIs) based on geometric-spectral reconstruction learning. More specifically, in order to improve the ability of RSI classification model to adapt to the open-set environment, an open-set classification method based on geometric and spectral feature fusion is proposed. This method proposes to realize RSI open-set classification based on geometric and spectral features with hyper-spectral and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data for the first time. In a variety of data sources of remote sensing, hyperspectral images (HSIs) and LiDAR data can provide rich spectral and geometric information for target objects. This letter combines both HSIs and LiDAR data to realize the recognition of unknown classes and the classification of known classes. Experiments show that the proposed method is better than previous state-of-the-art methods.
People’s Perceptions of their Likely Future Risk of Criminal Victimization

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Crime surveys typically ask respondents how likely they think it is that they will be a crime victim in the year after questioning. A three-wave longitudinal panel survey conducted in Trinidad was no exception. This design permits an examination of both the degree to which predictions are based on past experience and of the accuracy or otherwise of such predictions when compared to subsequent events. Analysis revealed that respondents typically do not base predictions on experience, are typically pessimistic and that this is not warranted by their subsequent experience. It is cautiously suggested that rather than be involved in probabilistic mathematical calculations, respondents are more likely to consult lay heuristics which may be utterly fallacious from the perspective of probability theory, but convenient and available, if rather gloomy, nevertheless.
Acute and Severe Hypercalcemia in a Near-Drowning Victim

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An 80-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of near-drowning in a hot spring. Besides hypoxia, serum calcium was extremely high at 15.5 mg/dL on admission. After the treatment with normal saline infusion, furosemide and calcitonin, the hypercalcemia was transient and didn’t recur during the course. The hot spring water contained much calcium, so his hypercalcemia was considered to be a result of calcium absorption mainly through the alveoli. In this case, we revealed that serum calcium rose within a short time after drowning, suggesting the necessity to measure the calcium concentration of the drowning fluid in a near-drowning victim.
Transient Thermal Simulation Process over a Diesel Exhaust System during Regeneration

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">With the constant need to meet new environmental regulations, the improvement of automotive exhaust systems technologies to be cleaner and more effective is a necessity.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">To achieve these regulations the automakers have been focused on the development of better particle filters and more effective cleaning processes.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Catalyst Oxidation and Diesel Particle Filter Regeneration are good and effective techniques to accomplish these objectives but the amount of heat generated by these processes is a concern in the thermal management of the vehicle.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">To gain a better understanding of these effects Finite Element Thermal Analysis has proved to be a useful tool to predict and observe the increment of temperature during these processes.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This work is focus on a simulation process using several 1-D and 3-D techniques to predict the skin exhaust temperature during the regeneration process moment in which the system achieve the maximum temperature.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The objective of this work is to assess the simulation results and compare it to physical test results in order to correlate the proposed methodology.</div></div>
Observations on the mineral metabolism of pullets. III

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

1. An experiment on pullets combining daily calcium and phosphorus balance determinations with carcass analyses is described. 2. It is shown that fat content of pullets is affected by the calcium content of the ration. The fat content was higher on a low calcium ration than on a high calcium ration. 3. The CaO content of pullets was raised considerably by feeding a high calcium ration before laying. This CaO must have been stored in the bones, which contained between 97·2 and 98·7% of all the CaO in the body. 4. The experiment suggests that pullets may use up to about one-quarter of their body calcium at the outset of laying for purposes of shell formation. 5. The composition of the inorganic material of the skeleton of pullets may be modified by alterations in their mineral metabolism due to egg production on diets with and without a calcium carbonate supplement. The nature of these modifications and their relationship to calcium metabolism during laying is discussed.
Evaluation of superior oblique tenectomy for Brown syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To evaluate the result of superior oblique tenectomy for Brown syndrome.Methods Twenty-eight patients underwent tenectomy,deviation,ocular movement,downshooting,compensative head station and duction test in preoperation and postoperation were compared.Results Postoperative vertical deviation was 0△(0△,25△) reduced 19△(10△,40△) than preoperative,with statistically significant(z=4.64,P0.001).Postoperative vertical deviation in twelve months was 0△(0△,20△) reduced 20.5△(8△,40△) than preoperative,with statistically significant(z=4.64,P0.001).Satisfactory rate of position of eye was 92.86%.Eighteen patients with compensative head station in preoperative,compensative head station disappearing in eight patients(44.4%),improving in eight patients(44.4%),and no changing in two patients(11.1%)in postoperative.Compensative head station disappearing in eight patients(44.4%),improving in other ten patients(55.6%).Downshooting,passive distraction test negative,ocular movement improving in all patients in postoperative that was not changed compared with in postoperative in twelve months.Conclusion Tenectomy is a simple,safe,and effective procedure in treating Brown syndrome.
Antimicrobial activity of propolis against Streptococcus mutans

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) obtained from beehives of honeybee (Apis mellifera) was investigated for its antimicrobial activities against Streptococcus mutans isolated from dental caries. Agar well diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determinations were the methods used in this study. The carious tooth was swabbed with a sterile cotton wool and immediately streaked on tryptic soy agar, incubated at 37°C for 48 - 72 h. S. mutans was characterized by standard cultural, morphological and biochemical methods. Several dilutions of EEP were made (0.5 - 32 µg/ml), while water and ethanol were used as controls. The EEP at concentrations of 4, 8, 16 and 32 µg/ml showed strong antimicrobial activity against S. mutans with inhibition zones of 10 ± 4, 12 ± 4, 20 ± 2 and 24 ± 2 mm, respectively. There were medium to maximum growth of S. mutans in the controls of ethanol and water. The results demonstrate that the ethanol extract of propolis has a strong antimicrobial activity and suggest that it may be useful in the treatment of dental caries caused majorly by S. mutans.
Which One to Choose? Evidence on the Choice and Success of Job Search Methods

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper empirically investigates the determinants of the choice of six di erent job search channels and the job search intensity, and the resulting success in terms of employment uptake of the job seeker. The channels comprise the public employment agency, advertisements in newspapers and journals, internet job search, recruitment agencies, direct applications, and personal contacts. In line with the ndings for other countries, the results show that consideration of a larger number of channels raises the employment chances. The estimates of the determinants exhibit speci c patterns for the choice of the single channels and the level of search intensity. The results of success of the job search channels reveal that the public employment agency is ine ective and harms the employment chances of the unemployed job seekers. In contrast, direct applications for jobs increase the employment chances.
Synthesis of FePS3 2D nanosheets for anode application for lithium ion battery

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In order to keep up with the energy demands of this technologically evolving world, much research have gone into finding ways to improve electrochemical performance for energy storage applications such as lithium ion batteries (LIB). The synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets which are very thin is a feasible way to improve electrochemical performance due to their larger surface area compared to their bulk material and also fast diffusion of electrons. \nIn this study, very thin layers of FePS3 nanosheets are obtained by an exfoliation method from its bulk crystals. The sheets are then used as an anode material for LIBs. During the testing, FePS3 exhibited great electrochemical properties with respect to its cycling performance and rate capabilities showing better results compared to its bulk counterpart. A stable discharge current of 976.4 mAhg-1 is displayed after the 50th cycle at a rate of 0.1Ag-1.
Radiation biology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

On a few occasions in the past, radiobiological experiments profoundly influenced the practice of radiotherapy. For example, it was shown in the 1920s that animals could be sterilized without damage to the skin of the scrotum if the testes were irradiated in multiple fractions, whereas in a single dose, sterilization was not possible without significant skin damage. These experiments led to the fractionation patterns used in conventional radiotherapy today. Few experiments have had such a dramatic impact, but since World War II, studies with mammalian cells in culture, transplantable animal tumors, and normal tissue systems produced an impressive body of experimental data. Conventional radiotherapy techniques now can be understood in terms of the basic principles of radiobiology. New horizons in radiotherapy are also suggested. These include the following: (1) altered fractionation schedules, including hyperfractionation and accelerated treatment; (2) the selection of groups of patients likely to benefit from neutrons; and (3) The use of hyperthermia alone or as an adjunct to radiation.
Serrated Flow Behavior of Hot-Rolled Fe-6.5wt.%Si Sheet with Layered Structure

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The microstructures and mechanical properties of the hot-rolled Fe-6.5wt.%Si sheet are analyzed. The microstructure of the hot-rolled sheet is layered along the thickness direction. The surface exhibits fine and equiaxed grains, whereas the center part shows coarse and elongated grains with a &lt;101&gt; fiber texture along the rolling direction. Serrated flow behavior is observed during tensile deformation of both the hot-rolled sheet and its center samples at 350 &deg;C; thus, the serrated flow of the hot-rolled sheet is mainly attributed to the serration of the center part. The analyses of dislocation configurations, ordered structures, and crystal orientation show that the serrated flow behavior results from the interaction of solutes with mobile dislocations. Mobile dislocations are pinned by combining parallel forest dislocations with the pipe diffusion of solution atoms. This study provides a new perspective for the deformation mechanism of the Fe-6.5wt.%Si alloy.
Enantiomeric synthesis of natural alkylglycerols and their antibacterial and antibiofilm activities

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Alkylglycerols (AKGs) are bioactive natural compounds that vary by alkyl chain length and degree of unsaturation, and their absolute configuration is 2S. Three AKGs (5l–5n) were synthesised in enantiomerically pure form, and were characterised for the first time together with 12 other known and naturally occurring AKGs (5a–5k, 5o). Their structures were established using 1H and 13C APT NMR with 2D-NMR, ESI-MS or HRESI-MS and optical rotation data, and they were tested for their antibacterial and antibiofilm activities. AKGs 5a–5m and 5o showed activity against five clinical isolates and P. aeruginosa ATCC 15442, with MIC values in the range of 15–125 µg/mL. In addition, at half of the MIC, most of the AKGs reduced S. aureus biofilm formation in the range of 23%–99% and P. aeruginosa ATCC 15442 biofilm formation in the range of 14%–64%. The antibiofilm activity of the AKGs assessed in this work had not previously been studied.
L’ornementation primitive dans la Grammar of Ornament d’Owen Jones (1856)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Grammar of Ornament of Owen Jones (1856). By starting his Grammar of Ornament with a chapter on primitive ornaments, Owen Jones shows a precocious attention to cultures whose productions were still considered as exotic items. However, this interest, exceptional for his time, still remains unknown. Jones urges European artists to look into the system of ornementation developed by these populations. Even if his vision of natives remains rooted in the tradition of the 18th century, he is the first to pay serious attention to ornaments of that type in so important a publication. Altough inspired by the theories of Semper, he sketches a theory of the origins of ornamentation beyond the influence of technics and materials, finding its justification in the will to adorn, which characterizes human nature.
Michael Yudell.Race Unmasked: Biology and Race in the Twentieth Century.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Michael Yudell’s Race Unmasked: Biology and Race in the Twentieth Century examines the twentieth-century history of the hereditary biological race concept. According to Yudell, the idea was invented by early-twentieth-century eugenicists, reformulated by anti-racist population geneticists at mid-century, and manipulated by racists throughout. In spite of growing recognition that race was not a useful or particularly meaningful biological category in the late twentieth century, Yudell, whose disciplinary home is public health, concludes the book by showing how the race concept has continued to shape the work of twenty-first-century researchers. Although scientists and scientific popularizers are the main players, Yudell also takes a number of detours to examine the anti-racist writings of W. E. B. Du Bois, Jacques Barzun and others, whose social science–based critiques of the race concept provide a useful foil against which to measure what are often portrayed as stubborn or naïve attempts by natural scientists to preserve race in biology.
A comparative study for block chain applications in the MANET

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

MANET- Mobile Ad-hoc Networks are famous for their infrastructure-less arrangement for communication. In this network, nodes are self-organized and can act as router. They are battery operated and self-organizing. Block chain is a new concept from 2008 and researchers are trying the possible application of Block chain in many sectors including MANETs. This paper surveys the existing researches done in applying block chain in a MANET environment. Block chain is mainly used in MANETs for improving security while routing packets from one node to another. Some researchers have proposed trust models using block chain. This paper reviews some of the existing approaches where block chain is used in MANETs for routing the packets, creating trust models, and dealing with network partitioning problem and scalability problem. This paper acts as a review paper to study on block chain applications in MANET
ARE BANKRUPTCY MODELS A GOOD PREDICTOR OF FIRM FINANCIAL DISTRESS OF TRAVEL AGENTS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Assessing financial performance of the firm and diagnosing and predicting the potential financial distress is very important for good firm governance. The bankruptcy models are one of the relative simple methods for testing the firm financial health. This study aims to test the reliability of selected bankruptcy models as a predictor of financial distress of Czech travel agencies and tour operator. Altman Z´-Score, Z´´-Score models and index IN05 are employed as the tested bankruptcy models. The data are obtained from the database Albertina CZ Gold Edition and the final sample contains data for 368 firms which represent approximately 9 percent travel agencies and tour operators in the Czech Republic. The results show that the predictive ability of the individual bankruptcy models vary significantly for the subsector of Czech travel agencies and tour operators. Altman Z´´-Score model and index IN05 prove to be relative suitable predictor of financial distress under certain conditions. On the other hand, the reliability of Altman Z´-Score model is weak.
Study on Solar Photovoltaic Tracking System Based on Servo Control

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The demand on resource is increasing when human beings have entered the 21st century, as the one-time fossil fuels get mined-out, such as coal, natural gas and petroleum the energy crisis has become a central issue. Because the solar energy density is small and the solar orientation changes over time, it’s difficult to collect, transmit and store the solar energy. Therefore, the utilization of solar energy is improved by using the technology of high-power condenser and automatic tracking, and the scope of solar energy application is also expanded. Tracking photovoltaic system be made of sun sensor, automatic tracking control system, the tracking actuator, solar panel, battery. With the guidance of the sensor, the control system can accurately track the position of the sun, so that the solar panel is always vertical to sunlight, to maximize use of eventually reaching solar efficiency. Data show that the utilization efficiency of solar energy can be improved about 10%.
Tf2O-Promoted Intramolecular Schmidt Reaction of the ω-Azido Carboxylic Acids

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A designed Tf2O-promoted intramolecular Schmidt reaction of 2-substituted ω-azido carboxylic acids was demonstrated. Tf2O was used as an activation reagent for the carboxylic acid, and ω-azido anhydride was in situ generated, releasing a molecular TfOH, which acted as an acid promoter for the Schmidt process. A series of 2-substituted pyrrolidines was produced and acetylated for better purification. The strategy was also efficient for conversion of a 4-substituted ω-azido carboxylic acid to the tricyclic lactam.