jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
P & W 5512 39

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

•\n•\n•\n-:>1-\nsions from the Qualities refened to in reasoning; and attributes\nthose qualities to the principles composing the nature of Mao :\nThese qualities are Power [or Dominion], Knowledge [or Wis­dom),\nTruth [or Righteousness), Jus~ice lor the authority to\njudgtj, Judgment lor the authority to condemn], .Mercy [011 the\n.authority, or right, to pardon], and, if there by any other attri­butes,\nof Deity, "Human Wisdom" concludes them all the pro~\nperty qf mao, by right of reason.\nHere, let us notice some of the conclusions consequent upon\nthis assumption by "lluman wisdom."\nFirst. Man thinks' of the influence of Power, Knowledge, Truth.\nJ11.stice, Judgment, Mercy, et';:., upon himself and all things\naronod bim, and, referring that Thought to his senses, feels, as it\nwere, that if he possessed thoije qualities to au infinite degree, he\nwould be perfect; and, reaAoning therefrom, as from properties of\nMnn's nature, "lluman wi$c1om" concludes, that the being who\npossesses them in the Infinite, is perfect; L ~vhich perfection it\ncalls God]; and, fiuding that pcrfecti'ln in the Creator of Man\n"Human Wisdom"' concludes that God is the Creator of?,[ an.\nSeamd. Then, man, now reasoning justly that Perfection can­not\ncreate Imperfection, " lluman Wisdom" concludes falsely\n[reasoning as it does fr:lm wrong premises] that Man was created\nperfect; that is, in the Image. or likeness, of God.\nThird. Man having thus assumed a knov,:ledge of Perfection,\nor God, declares Immortality to be one of the properties of Per·\nfectiou; ·and, reasoning from his own assumed perfection in\nCreation," Iluman Wisdom " concludes, that man was created im·\nmortal.\nFourth. And finally, mao, now finding himself imperfect and\nmortal, reasooP\n1\nfrom his present condition, that be bas fa Hen\nfrom that original state of perfection; and, finding in himself no\njust cause for that fall," Human.vVisdom" concludes, that God\nordained, or permitted, it.\nHere, we have the or!gin of the Economy, called by " Human\nWisdom "Divine! drawn tlp by" Human Wisdom," and set forth\nin Jt~daism : Here, we have the origin of all human Inventions,\nLaws, Commandments, ete., called the Laws and Commandments\n,.
Targeting the BCR-ABL Signaling Pathway in Therapy-Resistant Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Leukemia

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Beginning with imatinib a decade ago, therapy based on targeted inhibition of the BCR-ABL kinase has greatly improved the prognosis for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. The recognition that some patients experience relapse due to resistance-conferring point mutations within BCR-ABL sparked the development of the second-generation ABL kinase inhibitors nilotinib and dasatinib. Collectively, these drugs target most resistant BCR-ABL mutants, with the exception of BCR-ABLT315I. A third wave of advances is now cresting in the form of ABL kinase inhibitors whose target profile encompasses BCR-ABLT315I. The leading third-generation clinical candidate for treatment-refractory CML, including patients with the T315I mutation, is ponatinib (AP24534), a pan-BCR-ABL inhibitor that has entered pivotal phase 2 testing. A second inhibitor with activity against the BCR-ABLT315I mutant, DCC-2036, is in phase 1 clinical evaluation. We provide an up-to-date synopsis of BCR-ABL signaling pathways, highlight new findings on mechanisms underlying BCR-ABL mutation acquisition and disease progression, discuss the use of nilotinib and dasatinib in a first-line capacity, and evaluate ponatinib, DCC-2036, and other ABL kinase inhibitors with activity against BCR-ABLT315I in the development pipeline. Clin Cancer Res; 17(2); 212–21. ©2010 AACR.
Authoritarian urbanism beyond the city: Infrastructure-led extended urbanisation and India’s more-than-neoliberal configurations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the context of the prevailing global rightward and populist shift, there exists a largely unexplored yet profound nexus between authoritarian neoliberalism and infrastructure-led extended urbanisation beyond the city. Drawing on insights from extensive ethnographic fieldwork conducted along India’s highway corridors, this paper examines the authoritarianism and social fragmentation inherent in the state’s attempts to extend infrastructure-led urbanisation into economically bypassed regions. By exploring the intersections between the construction of recent highway corridors through previously bypassed regions inhabited by marginalised religious and caste groups and the outbreak of state-backed violence, this paper analyses authoritarian urbanism emerging amidst social struggles over enclosure and urbanisation of agrarian land. Specifically, the paper delves in depth into the planning of two recent highway corridors – the Delhi–Mumbai Expressway and the India–Myanmar–Thailand highway – and the escalation of state-sponsored religious conflicts and polarisation in the regions these corridors traverse. This research demonstrates how national-scale infrastructure projects, such as the Bharatmala highway programme, allow for the framing of a national-popular project that selectively incorporates hegemonic socio-religious groups such as certain Hindu caste groups who have reaped the primary benefits of economic liberalisation while disenfranchising marginalised communities. The paper defines authoritarian urbanism as a more-than-neoliberal configuration emerging from a toxic amalgamation of state power, bellicose militarism, infrastructure-led urbanisation and religious nationalism. It concludes that this emerging authoritarian urbanism obscures the neoliberal crises of jobless growth and fails to address the uneven development and social inequalities resulting from infrastructure-led urbanisation.
THE SUBASSEMBLAGE METHOD OF DESIGNING UNBRACED MULTI-STORY FRAMES,

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A new method is presented for the design of columns and girders in unbraced multi-story steel frames which are subjected to combined horizontal wind loads and distributed gravity loads. The method is based on the concept of sway subassemblages and considers the elasticplastic behavior of girders, the instability of the beam-columns, and second order effects (caused by P-delta moment) on the structure. It employs a semi-graphical solution using specially prepared charts to develop the complete horizontal load-deflection relationship for each story designed. A design procedure is proposed, and an illustrative example is included to demonstrate the technique developed. (Author)
A comparative study on machine learning techniques for ASD detection in toddlers

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Autism is a neurological disorder, in which affected person might be unable to talk, express, socialize. There could be many more other incapabilities with varying severities, so it is also known as autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). Autism could not be cured in general and procrastination in ASD detection could make the situation deteriorated. But situation could be make better if it is diagnosed and early intervened by appropriate therapies. The detection of autism in toddlers is done by trained medical practitioners but there are lack of trained medical practitioners available for autism detection in many countries specially developing countries. In this paper we presented a comparative study for autism detection in toddlers through various machine learning techniques. In the study we compare precesion-recall curve and accuracies of different machine learning models. We used a publicly available dataset "Autistic Spectrum Disorder Screening Data for Toddlers" for our study.
Recent developments in the diagnosis and monitoring of HBV infection and role of the genetic variability of the S gene

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Recent developments in the laboratory diagnosis of hepatitis B virus infection include the optimization of key serologic markers, including hepatitis B virus surface antigen and antihepatitis B virus core antibody, as well as the development of automated nucleic acid amplification assays. There is still a lack of standardization for nucleic acid amplification assays that are used for the monitoring of antiviral therapy and follow-up of chronic infection and the clinical significance of hepatitis B virus DNA levels need to be clarified. Although highly sensitive automated nucleic acid amplification assays for blood donor screening are available, their implementation is still subject to discussion and certain countries rejected hepatitis B virus DNA testing for blood donation due to poor cost effectiveness. Genetic variability of hepatitis B virus constitutes a major challenge for diagnosis of hepatitis B virus infection, particularly with regard to hepatitis B virus surface antigen detection, antihepatitis B virus surface antigen quantification and nucleic acid amplification assays. The performances of hepatitis B virus surface antigen enzyme immunoassays in regard to genotype and surface antigen variability need to be further improved. Polyclonal antibody-based hepatitis B virus surface antigen enzyme immunoassays, although they cannot guarantee 100% sensitivity, demonstrate superior S gene mutant recognition to assays using monoclonal capture and tracer antibodies. Isolated antihepatitis B virus core reactivity is an unusual but frequent result, which requires a test algorithm for resolution and hepatitis B virus DNA detection with sensitive nucleic acid amplification assays in order to exclude occult hepatitis B virus infection.
Image recognition for apparel (P3004-131)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, mobile phone has become smaller and more powerful by its remarkable improvement in hardware. The current smartphone which incorporated the 4G service allows the user to access internet anytime and anywhere, and its incredible built-in camera with high resolution enables the user to take a clear and beautiful photo, thus, the mobile phone could be used for developing an application for image recognition. And an application for Apparel Recognition was proposed and developed for this project. This project leverages on the image recognition for the apparel (targeted to graphic tees). The purpose of this project is to design a program to identify graphic tee by just taking a picture from magazines, fashion shows or even on the street. And it mainly focuses on creating the database, matching images and outputting the result for further processing. In this project, Bag-of-words model is used in this project, and the steps of feature extraction and representation, codebook construction, histogram representation are discussed in Chapter 2. A reference database that contained 468 reference images for graphic tees (mentioned in Chapter 3.2.3) was created. The database is served as the pool of trained images. Another set of test images is created to test the image recognition program against the reference database. The project makes use of Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) key point detection method to perform feature matching to find a list of ranked candidate images. The list would be re-ranked by the process of Geometric Verification to find the best match. An additional process is proposed and tested to further improve the recognition rate of the graphic tee, and the accuracy rate that achieved is very promising.
Water? What's so special about it?

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

What is so special about water? Why does it have the properties it has, and how might these reasons be relevant to its apparent biological importance? By exploring the structure and dynamics of water, from the isolated molecule and its interactions, through its many crystalline phases and to its so–called anomalous liquid phase, some of its apparently unusual behaviour is rationalized. The way in which it interacts with some relatively simple interfaces is also discussed. As a result of this exploration, a checklist of possible molecular–level reasons for its biological importance is devised.
Initiation of Body Segment Reorientation in Steering is not Altered While Dual Tasking

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Changing the direction of locomotion, often referred to as “steering”, is an integral component of human locomotion. This study sought to investigate the role of cognition in steering using a dual task paradigm in healthy young and healthy older adults. Twenty-five healthy young adults and nineteen healthy older adults completed a 900 walking turn at a comfortable pace under single and dual task conditions. Dependent variables included the time taken to turn and the turn onset of the head, trunk, and pelvis segments. Results indicate dual tasking increases the time taken to turn but does not alter the sequence of initiation of segment reorientation into the turn. The effects of aging on these behaviors were minimal. Most notable was that the older adults did not slow their turns as much as the young adults did during dual tasking. These results suggest that initiation of segment reorientation is independent of cognitive influence but that increased cognitive load is considered when planning movement time.
Phenotypic correlations between milk production and conformation traits in goats

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this work, we use the records from 643 goats in order to evaluate the phenotypic relationships between conformation traits and milk production in goats. Correlations were estimated using data on goats which included fifteen conformation traits and first lactation milk yield adjusted for age, calving month and 305 milking days (MY1). We also compared the average scores for type traits on the goats under study with those on a sample of goats from the United States of America (USA). Correlations between conformation traits and MY1 were estimated and an analysis was performed to evaluate the nonlinear relationships between them. The highest correlations were found between milk production and udder depth (–0.22), stature (0.18) and rear udder side view (0.12) (p < 0.05), non-linear (cubic) effects for stature and strength being significant (p < 0.05). American goats had a better overall conformation than the Mexican ones but results indicated that goats with better body conformation were not the best for milk production.
Trade-offs among immunity, hormones and alternative reproductive tactics of male Cape ground squirrels (Xerus inauris).

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Immunity and reproduction are important and costly life-history traits and a large part of eco-immunology focuses on trade-offs between investing in reproduction versus immunity. Male Cape ground squirrels (Xerus inauris) are a good organism to test these trade-offs as they invest heavily in sperm competition, evidenced by their large testes, and exhibit alternative reproductive tactics. My research objective was to determine 1) if testosterone suppresses immunity, or if immunity suppresses testosterone, and 2) if alternative reproductive tactics differ in their investments in immunity and reproduction. I found evidence that testosterone was suppressed after an immune challenge, and that manipulatively increased testosterone had no effect on immunity, body condition or parasites. The dispersing tactic males were in worse condition, had higher parasite abundances, but showed no difference in their innate immune ability to non-dispersing males. Males incur increased costs with dispersal and may focus their energy into reproduction instead of immunity.
Treaties and customary international law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Multilateral Conventions or a series of bilateral treaties on the same subject matter are not legal acts isolated from customary international law (CIL). Each entertains several interrelations. The conduct of States in concluding treaties and in deciding on their content is a form of State practice; and the content of the rules adopted reflects a view on what the law should be (opinion juris). Both therefore have some impact on CIL.
Layanan Bimbingan Kelompok dalam Meningkatkan Kepercayaan Diri Pada Siswa MTS Negeri 1 Kota Serang

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Self-confidence is an important factor that influences students' psychological, social and academic aspects. However, some students often experience difficulties in developing self-confidence which has an impact on their social interactions and academic achievements. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study design to understand the experiences of students who take part in group guidance services. The research sample consisted of 11 students who were selected purposively, and they attended three group guidance meetings. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, observations and field notes, which were then analyzed using thematic analysis techniques to identify changes and impacts that occurred on students' self-confidence. The research results showed that the group guidance services carried out in three meetings had a positive impact on increasing students' self-confidence, which was reflected in changes in attitudes, communication skills, and courage to face social and academic challenges. These findings suggest that group tutoring services can be an effective strategy in helping students develop their self-confidence. It is hoped that this research will provide insight into the development of more effective guidance programs in schools, especially at MTsN 1 Serang City.
Dilatation Transformation on Curvilinear Reaction Path

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We present a dilatation transformation analysis on curvilinear reaction path, and analyze the curvature effect of complex scaling on the prediction of molecular reaction threshold resonance. An example of numerical calculation was carried out for the prediction of threshold resonance of H + H2 molecular scattering with and without consideration of the reaction path curvature. We found, in the studied system, that the curvature provides a correction to threshold resonance lifetime as large as 25%.
Identification of Morphological Features of Fibrillar Collagen Indicative of Tumor Progression in Bladder Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy involving the urinary system. As with all types of cancer, accurate monitoring of stage progression is critical in determining proper treatment strategies and predicting clinical outcomes. Collagen fibers are a major component of tumor microenvironment, and their post‐translational modifications during the course of tumor progression are well‐documented in a number of malignancies including bladder cancer. In the present feasibility study we sought to determine whether quantitative morphological features extracted from collagen fibers can be used to distinguish between urothelial carcinoma tumors pre‐muscle‐invasion (stage pT1) and post‐muscle‐invasion (stage pT2). Methods PicroSirius Red (PSR) staining was used to detect fibrillar collagen in 8 tissue microarray (TMA) cores acquired from Biomax (4 stage pT1, 4 stage pT2). We applied auto‐fluorescence imaging techniques to detect the PSR signal, and employed the CT‐Fire freeware to automatically extract individual collagen fibers. Five morphological features (including length, width, straightness, orientation, and anisotropy) were computed for each detected fiber. Individual features were then combined within each slide to form five corresponding histograms per TMA core. Finally, for each histogram we computed two measures of central tendency (i.e., mean and median), two measures of spread (i.e., range and standard deviation), and two measures of symmetry (i.e., skewness and kurtosis). Results To identify any statistically‐significant differences between the pT1 and pT2 groups, we employed the student’s t‐test (run in Python 3.8.5) to compare the two groups with respect to each of the five morphological features and across each of the six distributional measures mentioned in the Methods section (30 comparisons in total). Of these 30 comparisons, all but one (i.e., median) of the six straightness measures resulted in a p‐value < 0.05. Further, each of the two measures of spread (i.e., range and standard deviation) of straightness returned a p‐value < 0.001. We are currently working on expanding the size of our dataset to further validate these results. Conclusion Our preliminary findings are in line with the hypothesis that collagen remodeling is strongly associated with muscle‐invasive bladder cancer, and suggest that quantitative features measuring the straightness of individual fibers may be used to improve tumor staging. This type of quantitative approach is particularly helpful in distinguishing between stage pT1 and stage pT2 of bladder cancer, a task which can be challenging at times even for experienced pathologists.
ANOMALIES ANALYSIS ON DIGITAL HYDRO-MERCURY OBSERVATION AT QICUN WELL

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In Mar.2008,digital water mercury observation data of thermal water well in Qicun showed variations with relatively larger fluctuation range and longer duration.The authors carried out tracing analysis on it through field survey of surrounding environments,instrument running condition,comparative experimental observation,comparative analysis on observation data and so on,and thought that replacing instruments and instrument K value changing greatly were main reasons that caused data fluctuation.
Synthesis and [11C]-radiolabelling of dechloro-epibatidine and 2PABH, two potential radioligands for studying the central nAChRsin vivo

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The two epibatidine (EPB) analogues dechloro-epibatidine (DC1-EPB) and 2PABH were synthesised via a two step reaction starting from N-methoxycarbonyl-7- azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptene. The radiochemical syntheses of [11C]N-methylated derivatives was performed using the classical methylating agent [11C]CH3I in acetonitrile. The radiochemical yield ranged from 5 to 10% (decay corrected from [11C]CH3I) and was fully sufficient for small animal experiments. High specific activities in the range of 140 to 360 GBq/μmol at EOS (end of synthesis) were obtained. The radiosynthesis, semipreparative HPLC, formulation and quality control were completed in an average time of 35 min. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterizing the Seed Coat in the Subtribe Angraecinae (Orchidaceae, Vandeae) and Its Taxonomic Value

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The seeds of 121 species belonging to 38 genera of the subtribe Angraecinae (Orchidaceae) were studied in terms of their morphological characteristics under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). This study provided new data about the seed micromorphology of 17 genera and 100 species. Ten qualitative traits of the seed coat were analyzed, of which four were common for all the examined samples: elongated testa cells, anticlinal zone, curved transverse anticlinal walls, and sunken and narrow-to-not visible periclinal walls. These features are consistent with the epiphytic life-form of the genera studied. However, variation among genera was observed with reference to the seed shape, the morphology of the apical and the basal poles, the arrangement of the medial cells, the morphology of the longitudinal anticlinal walls, and the presence of testa extensions. A cluster analysis was performed, and two large groups were segregated according to the seed shape. Within a genus, all the examined species showed the same pattern of seed coat, except in Diaphananthe, Mystacidium, and Rhipidoglossum. On the other hand, the variation in the seed coat observed in Angraecum sensu lato supported its segregation into different genera. Our results perfectly fitted with recent taxonomic proposals.