jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cerebral thrombophlebitis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

father and sister have similar headaches.Two years ago he discovered that the pain disappeared after a few hours of strenuous cycling.With the next attack he was far from home and he therefore tried running (in Hyde Park, incidentally), with equal and quicker success.Since then, 15 subsequent attacks were treated by running for about 20 minutes, with immediate relief on all occa- sions but one (95% confidence interval of cure rate 68-99%).Of the 80-odd previous bouts only one or two ended on the day of onset (95% confidence interval of spontane- ous cure rate 1-9%).Concurrent control episodes would have been preferable, but the patient has been unwilling to abstain from his athletic remedy.I hope these observations will prompt others to try this form of treatment for com- mon migraine.It is cheap, has relatively few side effects, is only mildly addictive, and may even provide additional benefits.
Validation of Real-Time RT-PCR for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Outbreak Without Emergency Use Authorization Reagents in the Republic of Korea

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: A real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was developed to rapidly diagnose coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Early diagnosis of COVID-19 enables timely treatment and the implementation of public health measures. We validated the sensitivity, specificity, precision, linearity, accuracy, and robustness of a real-time RT-PCR-based assay for SARS-CoV-2 detection and compared the sensitivity and specificity of Emergency Use Authorization (EUA)-approved reagents for COVID-19 with those of the real-time RT-PCR method. Methods: The real-time RT-PCR-based assay was performed to specifically amplify genomic markers of SARS-CoV-2. Results: The real-time RT-PCR assay was highly specific for SARS-CoV-2, and did not amplify genomic fragments of 13 other viruses that cause respiratory diseases. The assay showed high linearity when conducted with a viral isolate from a patient with COVID-19 together with plasmids containing the target genes. The assay showed good repeatability and reproducibility, with a coefficient of variation of 3%, and detected SARS-CoV-2 with a limit of detection of 1 PFU/mL. Conclusions: The present real-time RT-PCR-based assay can diagnose COVID-19 with high accuracy and sensitivity. This approach is highly effective and can facilitate the early diagnosis of COVID-19 without the use of EUA reagents in the Republic of Korea.
A Model Disagreement: The Fall of the Slovak Government during the Eurozone Crisis in 2011

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In October 2011, the four ruling coalition parties in Slovakia failed to agree upon updating the European Financial Stability Facility. It was ultimately approved with the help of the opposition in exchange for an early election. This self-destructive behaviour by the ruling coalition remains a puzzle with the only available explanations merely referring to the irrationality of the domestic political elite. Our research tackles this problem using game theory. By focusing on the preferences of the key leaders, this article shows that although the fall of government was the only rational outcome, other factors beyond the scope of rational choice theory can suggest a possible explanation.
Calcineurin A-α suppression drives nuclear factor-κB-mediated NADPH oxidase-2 upregulation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A long-term consequence of calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) is oxidative damage and nephrotoxicity. This study indicates that NF-κB is a novel calcineurin-regulated transcription factor that is activated with calcineurin inhibition, thereby driving oxidative damage in CNI nephropathy. These findings provide additional evidence of divergent calcineurin signaling pathways and suggest that selective CNIs could improve the long-term outcomes of patients by mitigating renal side effects.
ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF PHENOLOGY AS A SCIENCE ORIGINI E SVILUPPO DELLA FENOLOGIA COME SCIENZA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We present an outline of the history of phenology, from its ancient origins up to the present day. The overview takes us from ancient times to the medieval period, when the natural history of plants and animals was closer to literature than to science, through the 1500s which saw the rebirth of natural sciences, then moving on to the birth of scientific phenology in the 1700s with Linnaeus and Reaumur and towards the subsequent developments in a modern science.
Writing a Tcl extension in only 7 years

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Expect is a tool for automating interactive applications. Expect was constructed using Tcl, a language library designed to be embedded into applications. This paper describes experiences with Expect and Tcl over a seven year period. These experiences may help other extension designers as well as the Tcl developers or developers of any other extension language see some of the challenges that a single extension had to deal with while evolving at the same time as Tcl. Tcl and Expect users may also use these `war stories&apos; to gain insight into why Expect works and looks the way it does today. Keywords: Expect; Lessons learned; Software archaeology; Tcl Expect -- What is it? Expect is a tool for automating interactive applications such as telnet, ftp, passwd, fsck, rlogin, tip, etc. [Libes95] Expect is also capable of testing these same applications. Expect is implemented as an extension to Tcl [Ousterhout]. Using Expect with other extensions is straightforward. For example, with Tk, inter...
Observer‐based finite‐time congestion control for TCP/AQM network system with time‐varying delays and UDP flows

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this paper, the problem of observer‐based finite‐time congestion control for transmission control protocol (TCP)/active queue management (AQM) network systems with time‐varying delay and nonresponsive flows such as UDP is studied. The congestion control problem of TCP/AQM network system with time delay and external disturbances observer‐based finite‐time control is solved for the first time, and a theorem proved by the Lyapunov function of TCP/AQM network systems finite‐time bounded is given to ensure that the closed‐loop system is finite‐time bounded. Finally, the control gain and observer gain are obtained by linear matrix inequality (LMI) technique. Simulation results show the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.
Engineering of complex protein sialylation in plants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Significance Sialic acid (Sia) residues are essential monosaccharides in mammals and confer multiple biological functions. Their precise generation is important for both structure–function studies and biotechnological applications. We describe a unique technology that enables the controlled generation of protein sialylation in Nicotiana benthamiana . The plant engineering approach relies on a combination of endogenous glycan deconstruction and the introduction of human sialylation capabilities. An arrangement of transgenic and transient expression modules resulted in the targeted synthesis of Sia structures in three different linkage types, reaching a polymerization degree exceeding 40 residues (polySia). Importantly, the obtained functional activities of polySia point to novel biotherapeutic applications. Our results highlight the exceptional flexibility of the plant-based expression platform for engineering complex posttranslational protein modifications.
Target Centred Virtue Ethics and Role Ethics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The development of ‘virtue jurisprudence’ (a neo-Aristotelian virtue ethics for law) has highlighted the importance of virtue in legal ethics. Yet it has been criticized because it cannot account for “robust” role differentiation. In this chapter I argue that Target Centred Virtue Ethics can account for two features which constitute the ‘Role Dilemma’: (a) There is robust role differentiation; that is, role differentiation as conceived by the Standard Conception of law (and, e.g., business).(b) Occupiers of legal roles are not permitted to act immorally (except perhaps in “tragic” dilemmas).Virtue ethics and Standard Conceptions of law (and, e.g., business) are standardly thought to be incompatible. This may be true where virtue ethics is conceived in “orthodox” neo-Aristotelian terms. I reject this version of virtue ethics for role ethics and show that Target Centred Virtue Ethics can subscribe to both horns of the dilemma (a) and (b) above.
Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence among Male Local Government Workers in Ekiti State

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Intimate partner violence (IPV) against men is a global prevalent issue. It is the abuse that transpires within or outside a romantic relationship. It affects men and women equally but the cases of men are under-reported. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of intimate partner violence among male local government workers in Ekiti State. The study adopted a cross sectional descriptive research design using a quantitative method approach of data collection. Multistage sampling technique was used to select two hundred and eighteen (218) respondents from six local government areas in Ekiti State. Data were collected with the aid of adapted questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The result showed that the average age of the respondents was approximately 43 years with 67.9% being within 36-51 years old and 79.4% were married with an average length of 13 years in relationship. The overall prevalence of IPV was 94.5% with psychological violence being the most prevalent (89.0%), followed by psychological violence (78.9%), then by sexual (39.9%) and physical (19.3%). IPV against men is prevalent and it is mostly psychological. The fact that physical assault is minimal does not mean that men are undergoing IPV. Hence nurses and other health workers should screen men who present with psychological symptoms for necessary help.
2009 CSREES National Water Conference; St. Louis, MO Evaluating nutrient and irrigation management practices in an avocado orchard

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) production requires adequate water and nutrients for optimum yields. As the demands on water resources increase, greater knowledge is needed to develop production systems with reduced negative impacts on water resources, considering both volumes of water used and transport of agrochemicals into water supplies. The purpose of this study was to identify best management practices for irrigation and fertilization that would reduce nutrient leaching without substantially reducing the yields of Simmonds and Beta avocado varieties. The study was conducted at the Tropical Research and Education Center, Homestead, Florida, USA on a very gravelly loam calcareous soil (Krome very gravelly loam). The treatments were: 1) crop evapotranspiration (ET) irrigation with fertilizer standard rate (FSR); 2) ET irrigation with 50% FSR; 3) ET irrigation with 200% FSR; 4) soil water moisture at 15 cbar with FSR; 5) irrigation standard rate with FSR; 6) soil water moisture at 15 cbar with 50% FSR; 7) soil water moisture at 15 cbar with 200% FSR. Results indicated that significantly different water volumes (I±=0.05) were used between the treatments. Leached water volumes and nutrient concentrations (measured with bucket lysimeters) suggested that significant differences in nutrients leached existed among the treatments. The amount of N leached was more closely correlated with the amount of fertilizer applied whereas the amount of P leached was more closely correlated to the amount of water applied. Results from the first year of harvest suggest growers can reduce their water use by at least 90 percent and reduce P leaching by at least 68%, by implementing soil moisture based irrigation. The reduction in N leaching was not significantly different (I±=0.05) among treatments. Hence, economic and environmental advantages were observed with the soil moisture based irrigation system in an avocado orchard.
Making the Arab World. Nasser, Qutb and the Clash that Shaped the Middle East, written by Gerges, Fawaz A.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Gerges, Fawaz A. (2018) Making the Arab World. Nasser, Qutb and the Clash that Shaped the Middle East. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 484 pp., ISBN 978-0-691-16788-6.Fawaz Gerges’ last book is a welcome contribution to scholarship about contemporary Egyptian and Arab history, al-Nāṣir and the Muslim Brotherhood (Iḫwān). It is welcome mainly because the huge bibliography in Western languages that the author quotes demonstrates that an updating and a synthesis were urgently needed. al-Nāṣir’s centenary (1918-2018), for example, passed almost un-noticed and when I edited a special focus on al-Nāṣir in 2018 for the
Virtual Streamyx Training Environment (VSTE)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Over the last decade, there has been a tremendous growth in the use of computers for the implementation of training processes at all levels within training system. Undoubtedly, this growth was initiated to achieve high productivity with minimal cost in training in most organizations. As for virtual environment, nowadays, it has \nbecome the advanced computer graphics in virtual environment enabled training applications. Since most organizations are equipped with sophisticated and attractive \nfacilities, virtual training environment has now become the important technique for both knowledge dissemination and skill acquisition. In this paper, a prototype of Virtual Training Streamyx Environment (VSTE) has been developed and discussed. Virtual Streamyx Training Environment is an application that enables user to undergo a training course anywhere at anytime to be an expert in a short time. Results for user evaluation on VSTE indicate that it has neutral usability in terms of three dimensions: Learnability, Perceived Ease of Use and Outcome/Future Use. The result also indicates that there is a no significant difference between novice and expert for these three dimensions.
Fully Automated Left Atrium Cavity Segmentation from 3D GE-MRI by Multi-Atlas Selection and Registration

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a fully automated method to segment the complex left atrial (LA) cavity, from 3D Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (GE-MRI) scans. The proposed method consists of four steps: (1) preprocessing to convert the original GE-MRI to a probability map, (2) atlas selection to match the atlases to the target image, (3) multi-atlas registration and fusion, and (4) level-set refinement. The method was evaluated on the datasets provided by the MICCAI 2018 STACOM Challenge with 100 dataset for training. Compared to manual annotation, the proposed method achieved an average Dice overlap index of 0.88.
THE INFLUENCE OF SLEEP ON BASAL METABOLISM OF CHILDREN

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In a previous publication,1we reported that the average basal metabolism determined on a group of vigorous normal children showed an increase of 10 per cent above the standards reported by Benedict.1aIn this earlier series of experiments, the children were kept awake but strictly quiet, the kymographic record showing absence of all muscular activity. Benedict does not give figures to show the prevalence of wakefulness in the children in his series but intimates, at least, that many of them were asleep. In order to determine the degree of difference between basal metabolism while children were asleep and awake, the present investigation was undertaken. Little work has been reported on the actual differences in the same person under these circumstances. In his study of a fasting man, Benedict2found an average increase of 12 per cent in the oxygen consumption while he was awake, as compared with
Radiological assessment of outcome in rheumatoid arthritis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Radiographs are an accepted method of assessing disease severity and progression in rheumatoid arthritis. The advantages of using radiological damage as an outcome measure are that it reflects the history of the joint pathology, it can be objectively scored, radiographs provide a permanent record necessary for sequential studies and they do relate to other measures of disease outcome. However, measurement of radiological damage is fraught with methodological problems and studies to define what is the best approach have only recently been performed. There is also the problem of differentiating between radiological progression which is unavoidable due to mechanical derangement and that which is due to currently active disease. The effect of treatment on radiological damage remains controversial. A better understanding of how to use this important outcome measure should now provide rheumatologists with a more critical assessment of new therapies as well as providing a better knowledge of the disease process.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL BAND MAPPING BY COMBINED VERY-LOW-ENERGY ELECTRON DIFFRACTION AND PHOTOEMISSION

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Resolving the 3D wave vector k in photoemission mapping of the band structure E( k ) requires knowledge of the unoccupied final states. Both dispersions and lifetimes of these states can be achieved by very-low-energy electron diffraction (VLEED). By incorporating the non-free-electron and excited-state effects in the final states, combining VLEED with photoemission provides accurate mapping of the valence E( k ) resolved in the 3D wave vector and under control of the intrinsic accuracy. We here concentrate on the most accurate combined method which uses angle-dependent VLEED and photoemission measurements. It provides access to many Brillouin-zone lines using one crystal surface, and benefits from an intensity gain and a better intrinsic accuracy near the Fermi level.
Treatment of cystic acne with 13-cis-retinoic acid.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

13-cis-Retinoic acid (Accutane) is an effective new agent for the treatment of severe cystic acne. The most encouraging feature associated with use of this drug is the persistence of remissions even after administration has been discontinued. The cutaneous side effects are mild to moderate and are usually well tolerated. Careful monitoring of the serum lipids is necessary. In 4 of our 10 patients, the levels of triglycerides became elevated. Of these four patients, three had lowering of the high-density lipoprotein fraction. In three of our most severely affected patients, nonhealing erosions with heaped-up granulation tissue developed at the sites of large acne cysts, which healed promptly after therapy was completed. For the present, we emphasize that use of Accutane should be reserved for severe acne that is unresponsive to conventional treatment; in such cases, careful clinical and laboratory monitoring is imperative.
Immediate effect of acupuncture on lactate removal after exercise: A pilot study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The recovery process is of utmost importance in activities where the athlete has to compete more than once a day during the competition. It is generally accepted that intense physical activity results in lactate production and the accumulation of lactate in exercising muscle is considered one of the main determining factors of fatigue. The main goal of this pilot study was to evaluate the immediate effects of acupuncture on lactate removal after just one treatment session and to evaluate lactate, heart rate, and oxygen saturation behavior at 5, 30, and 60 min after exercise. Four individuals were evaluated and were part of both the experimental group (real acupuncture) and the placebo group (sham acupuncture) and were tested at two distinct times with a one-week interval. Baseline values of lactate, heart rate, and oxygen saturation were measured, and then the participants performed a warm-up and subsequently completed the Wingate test. The individuals were re-evaluated 5, 30, and 60 min after the Wingate test, and either real or sham acupuncture was applied after the test. After the intervention period, there was an increased ability to reduce or remove lactate after maximum effort. No significant differences were observed in heart rate or oxygen saturation. Conclusions: The results of this case study seem to suggest that acupuncture has a positive effect on lactate removal after intense physical exercise. El proceso de recuperación es de suma importancia en aquellas actividades en las que el atleta tiene que participar más de una vez al día durante la competición. Está generalmente aceptado que la actividad física intensa origina una producción de lactato, cuya acumulación en el músculo es considerada uno de los principales factores que determinan la fatiga. Objetivo: El objetivo principal de este estudio piloto fue evaluar los efectos inmediatos de la acupuntura en la eliminación de lactato tras una sesión terapéutica, y evaluar el lactato, la frecuencia cardiaca y el comportamiento de la saturación de oxígeno transcurridos 5, 30 y 60 minutos del ejercicio. Se evaluaron cuatro individuos, que formaron parte tanto del grupo experimental (acupuntura real) como del grupo placebo (acupuntura sham), realizándose la evaluación en dos momentos distintos, con una semana de intervalo. Se midieron los valores basales de lactato, frecuencia cardiaca y saturación de oxígeno, seguidamente los participantes realizaron un calentamiento, y posteriormente completaron la prueba Wingate. Se reevaluó a los individuos transcurridos 5, 30 y 60 minutos tras la prueba Wingate aplicándose, bien acupuntura real o acupuntura sham tras la misma. Tras el periodo de intervención, se produjo un incremento de la capacidad de reducción o eliminación del lactato tras un esfuerzo máximo. No se observaron diferencias significativas en cuanto a frecuencia cardiaca o saturación de oxígeno. Los resultados de este estudio de caso parecen sugerir que la acupuntura tiene un efecto positivo en la eliminación de lactato tras el ejercicio físico intenso.
Residues of Trifloxystrobin and Tebuconazole in/on Tomato (Lycopersicon esculantum Mill.) and Soil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A supervised field trial was conducted on tomato at College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala during 2011 to study the residues of a combination product Nativo 75 WG (trifloxystrobin 25% + tebuconazole 50%) when applied at 87.5 + 175 and 175 + 350 g a.i. ha−1. The combination product was applied thrice at 7 days interval starting from fruit setting stage. Residues of trifloxystrobin along with its metabolite and tebuconazole were estimated using Gas Chromatograph – Mass Spectrometer. Tomato fruits analysed after the third application revealed initial deposits of trifloxystrobin of 1.21 and 3.08 μg g−1 at standard and higher doses, respectively, which reached below determination limit of 0.05 μg g−1 on the 25th and 30th day with corresponding half life of 4.78 and 5.10 days. Residues of trifloxystrobin metabolite CGA 321113 were not detected. Risk assessment of the fungicides was carried out and is reported. Tebuconazole showed initial deposits of 2.61 and 8.74 μg g−1 for standard and higher doses, respectively, which reached below determination limit of 0.05 μg g−1 on the 20th and 30th day with corresponding half life of 3.45 and 3.55 days. Soil samples analysed on the 15th day after the last application revealed presence of only tebuconazole residues at 0.075 and 0.167 μg g−1 at standard and higher doses, respectively.