jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Fan Scholarship and the Fannish Disposition: The Case of the BBC's Sherlock

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Scholars wrote extensively about the BBC’s Sherlock (2010–17) when it first aired. Many accounts uncritically copied celebratory media discourses, suggesting they were primed to “receive” Sherlock within mainstream and fannish “reading formations.” Additionally, many accounts read more as brand merchandise and fannish overviews than academic work, lacking basic research into media and textual statements for factual accuracy and implicitly reproducing mainstream ideologies (about gender and sexuality, mental illness, etc.) despite claiming to oppose those. This suggests there is a fannish dispositional set of beliefs at play in popular media reception that fan scholarship is ignoring.
Materials to the Polish flora in the Herbarium of the University of Łódź. Part XX - the genus Potentilla L. (rosaceae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study contains the revision of the herbarium specimens of the genus Potentilla (Rosaceae) preserved in Herbarium Universitatis Lodziensis - Department of Botany (LOD). The list of species consists of 28 taxa of Potentilla found on 605 localities althogether.
G456(P) To evaluate the impact of the diagnosis and management of a child with type 1 diabetes on parents

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aim

To evaluate parental stressors in relation to parents caring for a child with type 1 diabetes and the impact of these stressors upon parents and the extended family. Based upon the evidence submitted, techniques to enhance parental coping skills and an improved diabetic service were hoped to be implemented.

Methods

250 questionnaires were posted out to parents of children with type 1 diabetes. Each household received two questionnaires to enable both parents to participate. The questionnaire used was the Paediatric Inventory for Parents as recommened by the International Society for Paediatric and Adolescent Diabetes. Following the return of the questionnaires, two focus groups were held, each consisting of between 3 and 7 parents. The purpose of the focus groups was to discuss areas which had scored highly in the questionnaires as profound stressors. Consent was obtained from the parents who participated in the focus groups to enable recording of the discussion. The parents of the focus groups were chosen at random. Ethical approval had been obtained.

Results

123 questionnaires were returned and of these 66 were female, 16 were male and 41 did not specify their gender. The questionnaire divided the questions into four primary categories: communication, medical care, emotional distance and role function. The emotional distance category scored higher than the others and areas raised of concern by parents included feeling helpless and worrying about the future and longterm impact of the illness. The findings of the focus groups reiniterated parental fear regarding their child’s future in addition to the pressure and responsibility of providing 24 h care for their child and society’s misconceptions regarding type 1 diabetes. In particular, the focus groups highlighted the impact of caring for a child with type 1 diabetes upon parents. Parental sleep patterns and social outgoings had deterioated.

Conclusions

Caring for a child with type 1 diabetes has a major physical and emotional impact upon parental wellbeing. Increased attention needs to be given to supporting parental emotional wellbeing including the availability of psychology services.
Diagnostics of the prescriptions of death by a method of azimuthally-invariant Mueller-matrix microscopy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The following paper presents research materials were presented: structural-logical scheme for diagnosing the limitation of death (AD) using the method of azimuthally invariant Mueller-matrix microscopy of the layers of the vitreous body (VB); temporal dynamics of necrotic changes of Mueller-matrix images (phase Mueller-matrix invariant (MMI)) of CT layers of the deceased; size and ranges of temporal changes in the statistical moments of the 1st to 4th orders characterizing the size distribution of images of the phase MMI of the layers of the VB of the deceased; effectiveness and accuracy of determining the AD by the method azimuthally invariant Mueller-matrix mapping layers VB decease.
Research of drawing out the screws intermittently to prevent the femoral head necrosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To study the effect of drawing out the screws intermittently on the healing of femoral neck fracture.Methods Nine healthy rabbits with matured skeleton were used to make the model of femoral neck fracture fixed with three compression Kirschner wires.One side was selected randomly to be the experimental side and the three wires were drawn out respectively at 4,6,8 weeks after the operation.The other side was the central side and the three wires were divided into A,B,C groups,which were sacrificed when it was 8 weeks after the operation.We compared the experimental side with the control side with X-ray,ingle photon emission computerized tomography(SPECT) and microscopic inspection.Res-ults The data of SPECT appeared: the blood flow in the artery and the vein of the experimental side was better than the control side in group A,B.There was no difference between the two sides in group C.The microscopic inspection showed: the generation of new blood capillary and interlaced bone in the experiment side were more rapid than the control side.The clearance of necrosis bone chips in the experiment side were accelerated.Conclusion Drawing out wire intermittently can improve the blood flow of the femoral head and reduce the ratio of femoral head necrosis.
Differences in journalism culture or is there more to it? Comparing news on the European refugee issue in Western Europe and China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study explores the country-specific, regional and cultural differences and similarities between China and two European countries in their coverage of the European refugee issue and seeks to provide a deeper understanding of the various political interests, social values, and journalism cultures in the countries under study. It analyzed and compared 2,368 news articles in Belgian, Swedish, and Chinese newspapers from 2015 to 2017. The analysis demonstrated that Chinese newspapers put less emphasis on welcoming the refugees by politicians and citizens, but are more prone to report on Islamic religion in their coverage of the refugees than the Belgian and Swedish newspapers. The empirical evidence suggests that the differences in reporting are not only a representation of different political interests and social engagement of the three countries, but, to a large extent, a result of different journalism cultures across nations.
Diet as an Adjunct Therapy in Reducing Chemotherapy Toxicities and Improving Patients Quality of Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This review analyzed existing literature regarding the relationship between different diets and chemotherapy toxicities, as well as the quality of life (QOL) among patients undergoing treatment. It aims to identify the most advantageous diet for cancer patients. PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase were used to select randomized control trials (RCTs) assessing the relationship between a specific diet and chemotherapy toxicities and/or QOL in patients as of October 2023. Out of 1,419 records, 11 RCTs were included. Analyses were stratified by diet type. Pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained from the random-effect model using STATA. We included 7 studies testing fasting variations; 1 testing a ketogenic diet; 1 testing a Mediterranean diet; 1 testing a plant-based, high-protein diet; and 1 testing an anti-inflammatory diet. Four fasting studies were in the meta-analysis. The random-effects meta-analysis showed no significant difference in the incidence of chemotherapy toxicities between fasting and non-fasting patients. There is insufficient evidence to determine which dietary intervention is the most advantageous, however, there is evidence that all the diets examined may complement conventional cancer therapy by helping to reduce chemotherapy toxicities. No intervention can be ruled out. More research is needed in this field.
Research on water supply network for economy-technique calculation method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

By combining the node economic equation and boundary head condition,the water supply network mathematical model of economy-technique calculation is made.By using Newton iterative method to calculate the node's economy head,every economic pipe diameter can be solved,and calculation frame is presented in the light of the known and unknown of starting point pressure water supply network.Based on designing general iterative program and actualty calculater example,this paper satisfied with the results quickly and exactly,in order to release the designers from the complexities of the approximate calculations.
Assessment of soil health of different perennial tree species in orchard of coarse loamy Typic Haplustepts soil of Punjab

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Assessment and quantification of soil health through the Soil Quality Index (SQI) is an important tool for the comparative evaluation of different land use systems. The present study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of four different perennial orchards (>8 years)- kinnow (Citrus nobilis x Citrus deliciosa L.), guava (Psidium guajava L.), mango (Mangifera indica L.), and ber (Ziziphus mauritiana) on soil health attributes concerning different soil functions in surface (0–20 cm) and sub-surface (20–40 cm) soil layers. The effectiveness of these orchards in improving soil health was compared with that of a natural forest and cultivated agriculture (maize; Zea mays L.). Different perennial orchard plantations exhibited varying values for soil health attributes. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified soil texture as the primary factor influencing soil function in the selected orchards due to monsoonal flooding and erosion. The SQI values revealed that in surface soil (0-20 cm), kinnow (0.836) and guava (0.848) orchards had values comparable to the natural forest (0.857), whereas mango (0.727) and ber (0.708) orchards had even lower values than the cultivated agriculture (0.817). In the sub-surface soil (20-40 cm), cultivated agriculture (0.653) revealed the lowest SQI values, highlighting the importance of perennial tree species in improving sub-surface soil health through the high return of root biomass. The study concluded that kinnow and guava orchards improved soil health by preventing land degradation, whereas mango and ber orchards had a lower potential for this purpose. Proper management practices can help sustain soil health and prevent degradation.
High-Resolution Reference Image Assisted Volumetric Super-Resolution of Cardiac Diffusion Weighted Imaging

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diffusion Tensor Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (DT-CMR) is the only in vivo method to non-invasively examine the microstructure of the human heart. Current research in DT-CMR aims to improve the understanding of how the cardiac microstructure relates to the macroscopic function of the healthy heart as well as how microstructural dysfunction contributes to disease. To get the final DT-CMR metrics, we need to acquire diffusion weighted images of at least 6 directions. However, due to DWI's low signal-to-noise ratio, the standard voxel size is quite big on the scale for microstructures. In this study, we explored the potential of deep-learning-based methods in improving the image quality volumetrically (x4 in all dimensions). This study proposed a novel framework to enable volumetric super-resolution, with an additional model input of high-resolution b0 DWI. We demonstrated that the additional input could offer higher super-resolved image quality. Going beyond, the model is also able to super-resolve DWIs of unseen b-values, proving the model framework's generalizability for cardiac DWI superresolution. In conclusion, we would then recommend giving the model a high-resolution reference image as an additional input to the low-resolution image for training and inference to guide all super-resolution frameworks for parametric imaging where a reference image is available.
Detection of Small Target Using Schatten 1/2 Quasi-Norm Regularization with Reweighted Sparse Enhancement in Complex Infrared Scenes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In uniform infrared scenes with single sparse high-contrast small targets, most existing small target detection algorithms perform well. However, when encountering multiple and/or structurally sparse targets in complex backgrounds, these methods potentially lead to high missing and false alarm rate. In this paper, a novel and robust infrared single-frame small target detection is proposed via an effective integration of Schatten 1/2 quasi-norm regularization and reweighted sparse enhancement (RS1/2NIPI). Initially, to achieve a tighter approximation to the original low-rank regularized assumption, a nonconvex low-rank regularizer termed as Schatten 1/2 quasi-norm (S1/2N) is utilized to replace the traditional convex-relaxed nuclear norm. Then, a reweighted l1 norm with adaptive penalty serving as sparse enhancement strategy is employed in our model for suppressing non-target residuals. Finally, the small target detection task is reformulated as a problem of nonconvex low-rank matrix recovery with sparse reweighting. The resulted model falls into the workable scope of inexact augment Lagrangian algorithm, in which the S1/2N minimization subproblem can be efficiently solved by the designed softening half-thresholding operator. Extensive experimental results on several real infrared scene datasets validate the superiority of the proposed method over the state-of-the-arts with respect to background interference suppression and target extraction.
Impact of health sector reforms on hospital productivity in Turkey

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose Turkish Ministry of Health (MoH) has Health Transformation Program (HTP). The purpose of this program has been to modify the structure of the current system in order to enhance health system productivity, quality, and access in the Turkish health system. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach To measure the productivity, a data envelopment analysis-based Malmquist index approach was employed. Findings Results showed that the overall HTP have had a considerable positive impact on the productivity of general hospitals. Research limitations/implications The limitation is the availability of some data that might not be collected or reported to the MoH in Turkey. Practical implications This research’s findings will have an impact on reforming the health care system in Turkey to be competitive and efficient as possible. Social implications The research will have implication on reducing cost and provide value to the Turkish population. Originality/value This is one of the very few articles that targeted the efficiency of hospital system in Turkey.
Perceptions of Housing and Shelter among People with Histories of Unstable Housing in three Cities in Canada: A Qualitative Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Housing is a key social determinant of health that contributes to the well‐documented relationship between socioeconomic status and health. This study explored how individuals with histories of unstable and precarious housing perceive their housing or shelter situations, and the impact of these settings on their health and well‐being. Participants were recruited from the Health and Housing in Transition study (HHiT), a longitudinal, multi‐city study that tracked the health and housing status of people with unstable housing histories over a 5‐year period. For the current study, one‐time semi‐structured interviews were conducted with a subset of HHiT study participants ( n = 64), living in three cities across Canada: Ottawa, Toronto, and Vancouver. The findings from an analysis of the interview transcripts suggested that for many individuals changes in housing status are not associated with significant changes in health due to the poor quality and precarious nature of the housing that was obtained. Whether housed or living in shelters, participants continued to face barriers of poverty, social marginalization, inadequate and unaffordable housing, violence, and lack of access to services to meet their personal needs.
III-V semiconductor waveguides for photonic functionality at 780 nm

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Photonic integrated circuits based on III-V semiconductor polarization-maintaining waveguides were designed and fabricated for the first time for application in a compact cold-atom gravimeter1,2 at an operational wavelength of 780 nm. Compared with optical fiber-based components, semiconductor waveguides achieve very compact guiding of optical signals for both passive functions, such as splitting and recombining, and for active functions, such as switching or modulation. Quantum sensors, which have enhanced sensitivity to a physical parameter as a result of their quantum nature, can be made from quantum gases of ultra-cold atoms. A cloud of ultra-cold atoms may start to exhibit quantum-mechanical properties when it is trapped and cooled using laser cooling in a magneto-optical trap, to reach milli-Kelvin temperatures. The work presented here focuses on the design and fabrication of optical devices for a quantum sensor to measure the acceleration of gravity precisely and accurately. In this case the cloud of ultra-cold atoms consists of rubidium (87Rb) atoms and the sensor exploits the hyperfine structure of the D1 transition, from an outer electronic state of 5 2S ½ to 5 2P3/2 which has an energy of 1.589 eV or 780.241 nm. The short wavelength of operation of the devices dictated stringent requirements on the Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) and device fabrication in terms of anisotropy and smoothness of plasma etch processes, cross-wafer uniformities and alignment tolerances. Initial measurements of the optical loss of the polarization-maintaining waveguide, assuming Fresnel reflection losses only at the facets, suggested a loss of 8 dB cm-1, a loss coefficient, α, of 1.9 (±0.3) cm-1.
Women Inside the Canadian Military, 1938-1966

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This dissertation inserts servicewomen into military history and women’s and gender history by analyzing how women voiced their place in the Canadian military between 1938 and 1966. It studies how women negotiated the conditions of their service during the Second World War, resisted demobilization in 1946, and shaped the terms on which women entered the forces permanently in 1966. Drawing on official texts, unofficial histories, and personal scrapbooks, the thesis identifies the voices of women who pursued military careers and makes three arguments. First, women have actively negotiated with defence officials for a place in the armed services in war and peace. Second, servicewomen have adopted a perspective that went beyond the war in their plans for future service and their reflections on past service. Third, servicewomen crafted their legacies and pushed for recognition of female military expertise. The thesis moves beyond Ruth Roach Pierson’s pioneering work on women in the Second World War to consider women’s long-term identifications with the forces.Chapter one covers the establishment of the wartime women’s services. Chapter two studies wartime debates over alcohol and sexual (im)morality. Chapter three analyzes reports on the future of women in the forces written in 1946 by Acting Captain Adelaide Sinclair, Lieutenant-Colonel Daisy Royal, and an unnamed senior member of the Royal Canadian Air Force. Chapter four examines women’s continued participation in the military community through veteran’s organizations and cadet groups, and discussions over their place in the armed services between 1946 and 1955. Chapter five concentrates on a 1965 study recommending a permanent place for women in the services. Chapter six explores how servicewomen narrated their histories in scrapbooks and unofficial histories.The research answers Cynthia Enloe’s appeal to listen carefully to women inside the military, and identifies ways women’s voices have been silenced, by both defence officials and scholars. The thesis highlights the military as a site of feminism, linking paramilitary women, servicewomen, veteran’s organizations, and cadets. Studying women’s negotiation of their military roles and their history reveals the policing of gender norms in the armed services, Canadian society, and the scholarship of the Second World War.
HYDROGEN SULFIDE AND ALKANTHIOLS IN NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS OF HYDROXY GROUPS IN ALIPHATIC ALCOHOLS

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Hydrogen sulfide and alkanethiols are toxic compounds containing in the production of wells in many oil and gas condensate fields. Because the policy of hydrocarbon processing enterprises aimed at the development of new fundamental research, processes and technologies in order to find rational use of raw materials, the conversion of hydrogen sulfide and alkanethiols into valuable compounds is one of the strategic goals of the oil and gas industry. The methods of "green" chemistry are perspective processes for converting hydrogen sulfide and alkantiols into valuable organic compounds, which allow working in environmentally friendly conditions with minimal energy and resource costs. The reactions of direct nucleophilic substitution of butanol-2, pentanol-1 and hexanol-1 to HS- and RS- group by single-electron reduction of hydrogen sulfide and alkanthiol in acetonitrile and ionic liquid at room temperature and atmospheric pressure with a single by-product - H2O were described. The possibility of conducting an experiment without electrolyte due to the intrinsic electrical conductivity of the ionic liquid allows not only lowering the consumption of reagents, but also facilitating the isolation of the target product. Due to the structuring and the matrix effect in ionic liquids, the duration of electrolysis in the reactions under consideration is 2-3 times less than in the case of aprotic solvents.
An extensive monoclonal antibody panel for the phenotyping of leukocyte subsets in the common marmoset and the cotton-top tamarin

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

New World monkeys are valuable animal models to study human diseases. To determine the phenotype of cells involved in immune responses, we used flow cytometry to screen a large panel of anti-human monoclonal antibodies (mAb) for cross-reactivity with cells of the common marmoset and the cotton-top tamarin. Certain antigens (e.g., CD2, CD8, CD20) are well conserved. However, CD10, CD23, and CD33 showed a clear discrepancy in their reaction patterns in both species, indicating that significant differences on the epitope level occurred during evolution. Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B-cell lines were shown to be a valuable tool for screening B-cell–specific reagents. In some cases, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and phycoerythrin (PE) modification of mAbs had a negative effect on the binding capacity, which stressed the importance of choosing the right label. Despite the fact that some CD antigens were not detected, adequate numbers of cross-reactive mAbs were identified to perform extensive studies on immunological functions in both the common marmoset and the cotton-top tamarin. Cytometry 45:294–303, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.