jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SU‐E‐I‐09: Image Quality Evaluation on Reduced Doses in Brain CT Scans ‐ Anthropomorphic Phantom Study Using Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To quantify for brain CT scans the image quality difference under various dose reduction and adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) blending options, and to find the optimal combination without experimenting on patients. Method and Materials: An anthropomorphic phantom (Atom, CIRS) was utilized with inserts for low‐ and high‐contrast resolution. The low‐contrast insert has various sized spherical (2 — 10 mm, 1–2% contrast) and cylindrical (1.2 — 7 mm, 1–2% contrast) targets. The high contrast insert contains line pair targets (6–12 lp/cm). Axial scans were conducted using a GE VCT with settings 120 kVp, 1 sec rotation, and 5 mm thickness. The baseline was set at 280 mA (CTDI_vol = 54 mGy) without ASIR. Other protocols utilized a combination of dose reduction rates between 20% and 50% and ASIR blending between 10% and 50%. The contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) was computed for the biggest targets. The contrast detailed analysis was also conducted. To compare spatial resolution, a rectangular ROI was applied to the 6 lp/cm target. The resulting standard deviation was used as a descriptor for spatial resolution. Results: For each dose level, CNR improved linearly with ASIR blending fraction but spatial resolution decreased linearly albeit at a lower rate. As the dose was reduced to 33 mGy or less, the spatial resolution reduction rate increased significantly (50%) while the contrast improvement rate was relatively stable. At the same ASIR blending fraction, the images at the lower dose showed lower contrast and spatial resolution. Conclusions: Applying ASIR improves low contrast but reduces spatial resolution. As compared to the baseline (54 mGy), the overall image quality may be at optimal at 43 mGy or 37 mGy with 20% or 30% ASIR. The image quality at 33 mGy or less is appreciably decreased. The analysis on the low contrast detectability showed similar results
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Brain Anatomy in Severe Developmental Dyslexia

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The brain anatomy of ten men (aged 18 to 28 years) with persistent, severe developmental dyslexia was examined with magnetic resonance imaging to explore the possibility of visualizing pathology not seen in previous computed tomographic scan studies. Nine of the ten examinations were clinically normal. One showed a focal finding thought to be incidental to dyslexia. The volume of the temporal lobes was judged to be symmetrical in nine of ten examinations, a finding supportive of previous computed tomographic scan and neuropathologic reports of unusual symmetries of posterior brain regions. Thus, despite its sensitivity, magnetic resonance imaging failed to identify a common focal pathology. The choice of imaging planes (particularly coronal) and lack of bone artifact may, however, prove useful for studying macroscopic asymmetries in dyslexia.
Anomaly Detection in Multivariate Time Series with Contaminated Training Data Using VAE

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Multivariate time series anomaly detection (MVT-SAD) is a significant data mining task with numerous applications in the IoT era. Nowadays, with the advancement of deep learning technology, an increasing number of deep learning models have made significant progress in the MVTSAD field compared to traditional models. Unsupervised deep learning models learn the latent representation of normal data and then detect anomalies based on reconstruction error. However, as the volume of MVTS data increases, and the training set consists entirely of normal samples, which is often impractical to achieve, accurately capturing the distribution of normal data and subsequently detecting anomalies becomes challenging. In this work, to address this crucial challenge, we propose a Variational Autoencoder (VAE)-based anomaly detection method for MVTS. The core idea is to establish pseudo-labels during the training process to identify noise values in the training set and establish a training objective to eliminate training errors, thereby obtaining a robust model learned from noisy data. Experimental results reveal that our method effectively mitigates performance degradation in mainstream deep MVTSAD models, achieving at least a 1.25% increase in F1 score.
Granulomatous Eccrinotropic Lymphomatoid Papulosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We describe 9 patients with a novel variant of lymphomatoid papulosis characterized by prominent localization of the infiltrate around the eccrine coil, resulting in nodular expansion of the coil accompanied by variable granulomatous inflammation. Light microscopy, immunohistochemical analysis using antibodies to CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7, CD8, and CD30 in 6 cases, and polymerase chain reaction--single-stranded conformational polymorphism analysis for T-cell receptor gamma chain gene rearrangement in 5 cases revealed 2 cytomorphologic patterns (large cell dominant with polymorphous inflammation, small cell lymphocyte--rich with an inconspicuous large cell component [phenotypes, CD30+/CD3+/CD4+/CD7-for large atypical cells; reactive for small lymphocytes]) and clonal restriction in 4 and polyclonality in 1 of the lymphocyte-dominant cases. During an average 6-year follow-up, no lymphomas developed. Recognition of this variant is important--accentuation of the infiltrate around the eccrine coil and cutaneous nerves, presence of granulomatous inflammation, dominance of small lymphocytes in the dermis, and variable extension into the panniculus may lead to diagnostic confusion with entities such as discoid lupus erythematosus, Jessner lymphocytic infiltrate of skin, subcutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and persistent arthropod bite reaction. Our findings suggest that pruritus, a younger age at diagnosis, and a more indolent course are defining clinical features.
TÜRKİYE'DE YURTTAŞLARIN POLİTİKAYA KATILIMINDA YENİ MEDYANIN ETKİSİ

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Intensive use of new media and particularly the Internet caused an active society in social and political ways and increased political participation. Media outlook in Turkey underwent a transformation as new media offered more political content compared to conventional communication tools. Although political effects of new media are widely debated, it altered the affinity of society towards political data, politicians, political parties, governments and political processes. This paper analyses the effects of conventional and new media on Turkey General Elections held in June 2015. It studies how media tools like blogs, social network websites, micro-blogs, wikis, podcasts and news websites affect people's habits of news consumption, and the interconnection between political participation behavior and interest in news delivered by such media tools. Quantitative data has been derived through a questionnaire carried out with participation of 300 people from almost all ages, income levels and education levels. The research also includes general descriptive information about new media technologies and their force in politics, and people's approach to internet news about political participation.
Raised-Angle Discrimination under Passive Finger Movement

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The characteristics of raised-line drawing discrimination can be defined as the sum of the discriminability of the length, curvature, and angles of the edges. The size of the angle between two edges constitutes an important feature of these tactile stimuli. In the first experiment, five standard angles (30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, and 150°) and twenty comparison angles for each standard angle were used to investigate the human capacity for tactile discrimination of raised angles by passive finger movement. The subjects in this study were asked to identify the larger angle of each pair by passive finger movement. We found that the threshold doubled when the standard angle was increased from 30° to 90°; however, the threshold remained unchanged when the standard angle was greater than 90°. In the second experiment, to investigate the influence of the endpoints on angle discriminability, we used one standard angle (60°) and seven comparison angles that changed in four bisector orientations. The results indicate that cutaneous feedback from the local apex and endpoints of the angle contributed to the discrimination of acute angles. Taken together, these results suggest that, when an acute angle is presented, both local apex and endpoint informations are used, while cutaneous mechanoreceptors rely more on apex information to discriminate the angle size when an obtuse angle is presented.
Evaluation of Dynamic Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional CFRP Laminates.

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In the present paper, dynamic interlaminar fracture toughness of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) is estimated by split Hopkinson's pressure bar test using end notched flexure (ENF) specimens. The dynamic deformation of the specimen is approximated by classical beam theory with Laplace transform. The Mode II fracture toughness of unidirectional CFRP is computed by the analyzed deflection of the specimen employing the scheme of J-integral with the measured impulsive load and reactions at the supported points. Through some numerical calculations, the validity of the J-integral for the dynamic ENF test is confirmed. The experimental results for carbon/epoxy laminates show that dynamic interlaminar fracture toughness of the unidirectional specimen has dependency on a deflection rate.
PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG SISTEM PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract: Indonesia is a country that has racial, cultural, religious and ethnic diversity. This diversity can also cause conflicts if not managed properly. To prevent the occurrence of these conflicts, multicultural education is needed. Multicultural education is not explicitly mentioned in the National Education System Law, but the Law in the National Education System leads to multicultural education. The research method used is library research by analyzing articles on the implementation of multicultural education in practice which are presented in detail in the table. Implementation has three important aspects, namely, planning in the form of curriculum, implementation in the form of learning methods and evaluation in the form of application or impact of the implementation of the curriculum and teaching methods. In the implementation of multicultural education, there are also challenges and opportunities. The challenges are, the ambiguity of tolerance limits, the tendency of restrictions on homogeneous or similar groups and the lack of understanding of the younger generation in using social media. Keywords: education, multicultural, implementation Abstrak: Indonesia merupkan negara yang memiliki keragaman ras, budaya, agama dan etnis. Keberagaman tersebut juga dapat menyebabkan konflik jika tidak di kelola dengan baik. untuk mencegak terjadinya konflik tersebut dibutuhkan pendidikan multikultural. Pendidikan multikultural tidak disebutkan dengan jelas dalam Undang-Undang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional, tetapi Undang-Undang dalam Sistem Pendidikan Nasional mengarah pada pendidikan multikultural. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah library reseach dengan cara menganalisis artikel-artikel tentang implementasi pendidikan multikultural dalam praktik yang disajikan secara rinci dalam tabel. Pengimplementasian mempunyai tiga aspek penting yaitu, perencanaan yang berupa kurikulum, pelaksanaan yang berupa metode pembelajaran dan evaluasi yang berupa iplikasi atau dampak dari terlaksananya kurikulum dan metode pembeljaran. Dalam pengimplementasian pendidikan multikultural juga mempunyai tantangan dan peluang. Tantangannya yaitu, ambigunya batasan toleransi, kecenderungan pembatasan pada kelompok homogen atau sejenis dan ketidak pahaman generasi muda dalam menggunakan media sosial.sedangkan peluangnya adalah pengembangan kesadaran antar budaya, dapat menciptakan pelajaran yang inklusif, meningkatkan empati dan kecakapan sosial, pemberdayaan individu. Kata kunci : pendidikan, multikultural, implementasi.
Quantifying diaphragm effort using diaphragm electromyography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diaphragm dysfunction develops in the majority of mechanically ventilated critically ill patients on the intensive care unit (ICU), and is associated with adverse outcomes, including prolonged duration of weaning and increased mortality. Insufficient or excessive levels of ventilatory assist may result in diaphragm dysfunction. Monitoring diaphragm effort could help to create a diaphragm-protective ventilation strategy. The golden standard for measuring diaphragm effort, transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi), has certain difficulties, e.g. acquiring and interpreting Pdi, that limit the use in clinical care. An alternative technique could be the electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi), as it is already demonstrated EAdi strongly correlates with Pdi. EAdi has been used to quantify breathing effort in ICU patients before within a limited range of respiratory muscle effort. Therefore, our goal was to study the correlation between EAdi and Pdi in the entire physiological range of breathing effort in healthy subjects to be able to quantify diaphragm effort using EAdi. Mouth pressure (Pmo), Pdi and EAdi were recorded continuously in fifteen healthy subjects using nasogastric catheters. Different levels of inspiratory threshold loading were applied, ranging from 10% to 80% of maximal Pdi during an occlusion. The Pdi-EAdi relationship was assessed per subject using linear regression on all breaths or the breaths under a cutoff value for Pdi or EAdi. We tried to approximate the slope of the cutoff EAdi regression using Pmo/EAdi during different occlusions. On average, a moderate linear correlation was found between EAdi and Pdi within each subject (r2 of 0.66±0.16). In thirteen subjects, r2 improved significantly when the breaths above 60% of maximal Pdi, cutoff Pdi, were discarded (0.81±0.10, p < 0.05). An EAdi cutoff of ±70% of maximal EAdi resulted in an insignificant increase of r2 (0.68±0.16, p = 0.140). The slopes found by linear regression were very heterogeneous among subjects, ranging from 0.39 to 1.77 cmH2O/µV. No agreement was found between the slope and Pmo/EAdi during occlusions. A significant correlation exists between EAdi and Pdi, but the relationship does not seem to be linear as a Pdi cutoff value improves the fit significantly. The generation of Pdi may be influenced by other factors, such as the force-length and force-velocity relationships of the diaphragm. Further analysis of the data might improve the correlation between EAdi and Pdi per subject when fitting a nonlinear curve using multiple variables that reflect the force-length and the force-velocity relationship.
Preparation of SiO2-containing coatings of polysilazane via UV-curing

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

采用紫外光固化法在CF/SiC复合材料表面制备聚硅氮烷涂层,研究了含SiO2填料的聚硅氮烷涂层制备工艺对CF/SiC复合材料抗高温氧化性能的影响.结果表明:通过选择较低的先驱体粘度,SiO2预处理和涂层的陶瓷化,能得到致密的涂层,试样在400～1000℃被氧化时,失重率小于10%.
P943The effects of ovariectomy on guinea pig cardiomyocyte intracellular calcium regulation and phosphorylation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Differences in cardiovascular disease risk between men and women have been partly attributed to the cardioprotective effects of oestrogen. Long-term oestrogen deficiency has been shown to alter cardiomyocyte intracellular calcium handling, but little is known about the mechanisms by which these changes occur. Oestrogen is thought to induce both genomic and non-genomic effects on cardiomyocytes, the latter including phosphorylation of calcium handling proteins. Purpose This study addresses the hypothesis that long-term oestrogen deficiency increases protein kinase A (PKA) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes, resulting in altered intracellular calcium regulation. Methods Female guinea pigs underwent sham (n = 7) or ovariectomy (OVx) (n = 8) operations and 150 days later, left ventricular myocytes were enzymatically isolated and loaded with fluo-4AM to monitor intracellular calcium. Calcium transients (CaT) were recorded using confocal microscopy. PKA and CaMKII phosphorylation were inhibited by superfusing cells with specific inhibitors, PKI and AIP, respectively. Experiments were carried out both in the presence and absence of β-agonist, isoprenaline (ISO), and relative changes to CaT parameters compared between OVx and sham cells. Results CaT amplitude was greater (p &lt; 0.05) in the OVx group (ΔF/Fo= 2.51 ± 0.57) compared with sham (ΔF/Fo = 2.16 ± 0.57). Inhibition of CaMKII phosphorylation increased CaT amplitude in the sham but not OVx group, both in the presence (by 22%, p &lt; 0.01) and absence of ISO (by 19%, p &lt; 0.01). Time to peak of the CaT increased to a greater extent following inhibition of PKA and CaMKII phosphorylation in the OVx group compared with sham, both in the presence (by 69%, p &lt; 0.0001) and absence (by 162%, p &lt; 0.0001) of ISO respectively. CaT decay time significantly increased (by 21%, p &lt; 0.01) in the sham group following inhibition of PKA and CaMKII together, whilst decay times in the OVx group remained unchanged in the presence and absence of ISO. At higher pacing rates, time to peak of the CaT decreased significantly (by 48%, p &lt; 0.01) in the OVx group but not sham with inhibition of phosphorylation. Conclusion Our findings suggest ovariectomy alters intracellular calcium regulation and some of these effects appear to be mediated by alterations in phosphorylation of calcium handling proteins and/or changes to sites of phosphorylation.
Military blast injury in Iraq and Afghanistan: the Veterans Health Administration's polytrauma system of care.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract : The proportion of veterans cared for by the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) is rapidly shifting to those deriving from the Gulf War, which began in 1990 and the Global War on Terror, which began in 200!.' The conflicts in Afghanistan (Operation Enduring Freedom, OEF) and Iraq (Operation Iraqi Freedom, OIF), have produced 1,016,213 veterans; and 454,121 of them have received care through the VHA as of the second quarter of 2009. As of July 31, 2009. 3980 US service members have been killed and almost 35,000 have been wounded in action in OEF/OIF.3 Explosive blasts have accounted for about 60% of these injuries.4,5 Other mechanisms of include projectiles (bullets, shrapnel), motor vehicle collisions, falls, and non-combat- related assaults. Service members are surviving combat injuries at much higher rates than in past conflicts5 and a high percentage of these individuals have traumatic brain (TBI), which has led to TBI's label as the signature injury of OEF/OIF/' Estimated rates of TBI in OEF/OIF reported in the media vary widely with some being alarmingly high.
Synthesis of Layered-Structure LiMn1–xCrxO2 by the Pechini Method

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

LiMn1-xCrxO2 compounds with an α-NaFeO2 layer-type crystal structure have been prepared by the Pechini method. The effects of ethylene glycol (EG) content and calcination temperature on powder characteristics and electrochemical performance are evaluated. It is found that the homogeneity of the powder is increased by increasing the molar ratio of EG to citric acid, and a trace of MnO can be detected in the powder calcined below 800°C for 4 h. Compared with the ss-LiMn1-xCrxO2 powder (made by the solid-state reaction), the p-LiMn1-xCrxO2 compound (made by the Pechini method) yielded higher specific capacity for both charge and discharge, and the rate capability has been improved due to the smaller particle size and good homogeneity. The evolution of discharge curves with cycling shows that less additional spinel-type tetrahedral sites for Li formed during cycling of the p-LiMn1-xCrxO2 compound.
Effects of dietary organic acids on growth, nutrient digestibility and gut microflora of red hybrid tilapia,Oreochromissp., and subsequent survival during a challenge test withStreptococcus agalactiae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A 14-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of dietary organic acids. The experimental diets were added with 0, 1, 2 or 3 g kg−1 of a novel organic acid blend or with 2 g kg−1 of potassium diformate and fed to triplicate groups of red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). Upon completion, tilapia were challenged by immersion with Streptococcus agalactiae. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the growth, feed utilization and nutrient digestibility among treatment groups despite a trend towards improved results with fish fed organic acid-supplemented diets. Diet pH decreased, causing a reduction in the digesta pH of the stomach and gut. Total bacteria per gram of faeces were significantly (P<0.05) reduced from 1.81 × 108 colony-forming units (CFU) (control group) up to 0.67 × 108 CFU in the fish fed organic acid diets. A similar trend was observed for adherent gut bacteria. Cumulative mortality of fish fed no organic acids was higher compared with fish fed organic acid-supplemented diets at 16 days post challenge. The data showed that dietary organic acids can exert strong anti-microbial effects and have the potential to exert beneficial effects on growth, nutrient utilization and disease resistance in tilapia.
Intelligent behavior modeling in virtual environments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Artificial Intelligence is increasingly influencing human life, becoming a part of our daily activities. Intelligent agents have been employed in virtual environments for a long period of time. Recently, the expectations from intelligent agents and their capabilities have risen to such an extent that they are meaningful participants in the virtual experience. This project aims to create a virtual environment of infinite possibilities and employ artificially intelligent agents that can supplement user interaction with the world to create a more engaging experience. Furthermore, it aims to make artificial nonplayable character (NPCs) more autonomous beyond the conventional areas of their use, such as being the user’s followers or being characters that the user could interact with but who seldom had autonomous interaction with the game environment. Thus, intelligent agent behavior modeling in virtual environments is generally an under-appreciated aspect of building such environments, with creators often content with giving the player complete control over how the world is shaped. With virtual gaming getting increasingly popular however, there have been more forays into creating smart, helpful AI elements in virtual environments. This project aims to use a popular game engine and an NTU-developed AI engine to create a programmable AI in a vast, ever-expanding world. The author explores different scenarios and methods of implementing an AI system in an open-world sandbox game modeled on the popular imaginative game Minecraft.