jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Resistance and Virulence Patterns in Gram Negative and Gram Positives Rods Isolated from the Hospital Environment in Bucharest, Romania

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

We aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance�and virulence�markers in�Gram negative bacilli (GNB) and Gram positives coccus (GPC), strains recently isolated from the�hospital environment and from patients with surgical wound infections in order to obtain epidemiologically relevant data.The strains identification was performed with�the automated miniApi system. The resistance�phenotypes were established�using disk diffusion (CLSI, 2017). 61 strains were screened for the production of enzymatic soluble virulence factors: hemolysins, amylase, caseinase, aesculin hydrolysis, DNA-ase, lipase, gelatinase and lecithinase, which give microorganisms the ability to colonize and disseminate in the host. Multiplex PCR reactions were performed for the detection of carbapenemases, aminoglycoside-resistant determinants (AME�s), quinolone and tetracycline resistance in GNR and SCCmec cassette type in�Staphylococcus aureus�strains and�to identify the genetic�support of cell-associated�and soluble virulence factors�in�E. coli�strains�(fimH, sfaDE, papC, eaea, cnf1, bfpa, eaf, AggR, EaggE�genes) and biofilm production in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates (OmpA).The isolated�E. coli and A. baumannii strains were resistant to �-lactam antibiotics, including penicillins and beta-lactamase inhibitors, third / fourth generation cephalosporins and carbapenems (encoded by�blaOXA-48like�and blaTEMlike genes), quinolones (qnrA and qnrB), aminoglycosides�(aadB), and�tetracyclines (encoded by tetA and tetB). Most of the strains presented at least two of the eight tested virulence factors.�The carbapenemases and ESBLs producers proved to be positive for the majority of the tested soluble virulence factors, proving the pathogenic potential of these strains. In�S. aureus�isolates�the molecular analysis showed that 60% of the isolates were MRSA and the molecular analysis revealed the presence of the SCCmec cassette type�mec IVa and III types. Our data suggest the hypothesis according to which nosocomial origin of the strains can be explained by multiple drug resistance and virulence determinants.
How to Leverage High Altitude Platforms in Green Computing?

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

<p>Terrestrial data centers suffer from a growing carbon footprint that could contribute with <em>14%</em> to global CO2 emissions by 2040. High Altitude Platform (HAP) is a promising airborne technology that can unleash the computing frontier in the stratospheric range by hosting a flying data center. HAP systems can endorse the sustainable green operation of data centers thanks to the naturally low atmospheric temperature that saves cooling energy and its large surface that can host solar panels covering energy requirements. Throughout this article, we define the operation limitations of this innovative solution and study the energy-efficiency-related trade-offs. Then, we shed light on the significance of the scalability of the data center-enabled HAP architecture by investigating potential bottlenecks and proposing different deployment scenarios to avoid network congestion. We also highlight the importance of the management agility of the data center-enabled HAP system by defining effective management techniques that yield high-performing data centers. Our results demonstrate that deploying a single data center-enabled HAP can save <em>12%</em> of the electricity costs.</p>
What Drives the Diversity of the Most Abundant Terrestrial Cercozoan Family (Rhogostomidae, Cercozoa, Rhizaria)?

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Environmental sequencing surveys of soils and freshwaters revealed high abundance and diversity of the Rhogostomidae, a group of omnivorous thecate amoebae. This is puzzling since only a few Rhogostomidae species have yet been described and only a handful of reports mention them in field surveys. We investigated the putative cryptic diversity of the Rhogostomidae by a critical re-evaluation of published environmental sequencing data and in-depth ecological and morphological trait analyses. The Rhogostomidae exhibit an amazing diversity of genetically distinct clades that occur in a variety of different environments. We further broadly sampled for Rhogostomidae species; based on these isolates, we describe eleven new species and highlight important morphological traits for species delimitation. The most important environmental drivers that shape the Rhogostomidae community were soil moisture, soil pH, and total plant biomass. The length/width ratio of the theca was a morphological trait related to the colonized habitats, but not the shape and size of the aperture that is often linked to moisture adaption in testate and thecate amoebae.
Design and crime

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This book provides specific guidance for architects, planners, and housing managers on designing to deter crime. While every estate and neighbourhood has different problems which require unique solutions, the process which leads to the solutions will be the same. This book provides specific guidance for architects, planners, and housing managers on designing to deter crime. While every estate and neighbourhood has different problems which require unique solutions, the process which leads to the solutions will be the same.The first three chapters review the various theories of crime prevention through design, and abstract from them a series of six key principles which can be applied to all housing projects. The remaining five chapters outline the practical application of these principles in the assessment, design and construction processes.The text of this book has been compiled and updated from two educational packages produced by the Institute of Advanced Architectural Studies and the Safe Neighbourhoods Unit. These were Safe as Houses (1988) and Safer Neighbourhoods (1989). Videos produced as part of those educational packages are available for use with this book.
Deterministic POMDPs Revisited

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We study a subclass of POMDPs, called Deterministic POMDPs, that is characterized by deterministic actions and observations. These models do not provide the same generality of POMDPs yet they capture a number of interesting and challenging problems, and permit more efficient algorithms. Indeed, some of the recent work in planning is built around such assumptions mainly by the quest of amenable models more expressive than the classical deterministic models. We provide results about the fundamental properties of Deterministic POMDPs, their relation with AND/OR search problems and algorithms, and their computational complexity.
The Fast Fourier-Hadamard Transform and Its Use in Signal Representation and Classification,

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A discrete time transform was studied and applied to the representation and discrimination of digitized signals. The transform consists of an orthogonal (Hadamard) matrix whose elements are all ones and minus ones. To facilitate implementation, a fast Hadamard transform (FHT) has been developed requiring only NlogN rather than N squared algebraic additions. Several properties of the FHT are revealed, including the nature of its presence in the fast Fourier transform, in which it performs the additive operations as shown by further decomposing the product of matrices representing the FFT.
Drying Characteristics of Apple Slabs after Pretreatment with Supercritical CO2

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Supercritical COSUB2/SUB pretreatment before dehydration leads to a faster dehydration rate. The best supercritical COSUB2/SUB pretreatment conditions for the most effective dehydration were 45oC, 25 MPa and 55oC, 25 MPa. Increasing pressure of the supercritical COSUB2/SUB pretreatment system tended to accelerate the dehydration rate more than increasing temperature did. Samples pretreated at higher temperatures and pressures showed greater shrinking and pore distribution on scanning electron microscopy. Control samples maintained their cell walls, whereas samples pretreated at higher temperatures and pressures showed more cell disruption, and more pores were observed. Pore sizes of control and pretreated samples were about 100 and 70~80 μm, respectively. Samples pretreated at higher temperatures and pressures had smaller pores and a denser distribution.
[Crohn's disease (acute regional colitis) (author's transl)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This article reports the observation of acute form of Crohn's disease, limited to colonic involvement, in a 40-year old female. Diagnosis was based upon pathologic examination of biopsy. The patient died after four months of acute disease. Clinical and paraclinical justification of the diagnosis of Crohn's disease (colonic), as well as description of treatment are given.
Risk mitigation for telephone operators and technicians

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

There is a growing concern that telephone operators and equipment technicians may be at lethal risk in certain lightning-related situations. The author explores this potentially dangerous situation and offers several schemes to reduce or eliminate the risk to human life. Operators and technicians would be much safer if the equipment they connect their bodies to is at the same electrical potential as the building they occupy. Input/output terminals or operator service positions could be located within the integrated ground plane to maximize the safety of the workers. There are modems in the marketplace which offer a high degree of electrical isolation. Accordingly, if two modems were installed, one at the terminal and one at the switching system, and a two-wire channel established between them, then the terminal could safely reside in the integrated ground plane. Other means of accomplishing this are isolation-type lines drivers and fiber-optic systems. Modern techniques for circuit board layout, electrostatic shielding, and other physical design criteria could eliminate the need for the isolated ground plane.< >
The Content and Activity of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor HIF1α Increased in the Hippocampus of Newborn Rats That Were Subjected to Prenatal Hypoxia on Days 14–16 of Embryogenesis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract—Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR were used to study the content of the regulatory alpha subunit of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF1α), and the mRNA content of the HIF1-regulated genes lactate dehydrogenase A (ldha) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) in the hippocampus of 1-day old rat pups whose mothers were subjected to three sessions of severe damaging hypoxia on days 14–16 of pregnancy. Prenatal hypoxia caused a stable increase in HIF1α content, and also led to an increase in the ldha mRNA content and a decrease in the g6pd mRNA content. The results indicate that changes in hippocampal metabolism after prenatal hypoxia are stable and can cause disturbances in the energy metabolism of the brain in further ontogeny.
The Social Organization of Actors in Stolen Data Markets

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter discusses social organization frameworks, and applies Best and Luckenbill's framework model to the study of stolen data market participants. The framework recognizes five different types of social organizations (loners, colleagues, peers, teams, and formal organizations) based on characteristics such as mutual association, mutual participation, elaborate division of labor, and extended organization. Based on these characteristics of organizational complexity, stolen data forums operate concurrently at different levels of complexity. While some forums have longer duration of operations, others provide evidence for the sophisticated division of labor via specialized roles for members. Hence, the differentiation depends on the nature of the transaction more than on the nature of the forum.
Research on the Key Issues to Be Considered in the Development of China's Intensity-Based Emissions Trading Market *

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The sustainable development of China's energy saving and emissions reduction policy needs the support of market mechanism. Taking into account the characteristics of China's economic development stage and the country's intensity-based emission reduction commitments, China has the need to develop emissions trading market with intensity-based emission caps. Different from the cap-and-trade emissions pro- gram, the intensity-based emissions trading program has its own characteristics in target setting, trading mechanism and management, etc. Through the study on the development of international emissions trading market with intensity-based emission caps and its characteristics, this paper discusses the key issues to be considered in the development of China's intensity-based emissions trading market.
Carcinoma of the Submandibular Gland

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

MBE H 323 lenta" (Schottmuiller, 1921) as a separate entity.This " low-grade" cholangitis is recorded in the enteric fevers and bacillary and amoebic dysenteries (Umber, 1929; Lyon, 1932), but many observers doubt its existence as an entity.Grant (1945) drew attention to the difficulty of ex- cluding calculi in the relatively inaccessible retroduodenal portion of the common bile duct.The frequent absence of jaundice in this group was attri- buted by Weiss (1944) to the essentially chronic nature of the infection: " owing to inflammatory changes the hepatic system of lymphatics-which would otherwise carry the bile into the general circulation-becomes impermeable and consequently jaundice fails to appear."Virulent infection is generally believed to depend on the factors of biliary stasis and diminished resistance of the duct epithelium.It would seem possible that in this instance a fulminating ascending infection occurred during the passage of a " silent " gall-stone.Closer examination of the bowel con- tents might have revealed such a stone in the process of evacuation.
Episodic reactivation of a Late Precambrian mylonite zone on the Gondwanan Margin of the Appalachians, southern Newfoundland

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Grand Bruit Fault Zone of southern Newfoundland is a fundamental structure within Late Precambrian basement on the Gondwanan margin of the Appalachian orogen. Within the fault zone, a sequence of structures documents changes in the sense of ductile displacement from (1) reverse dip slip, to (2) dextral strike slip, to (3) sinistral oblique slip, and, finally, to (4) dextral lateral offsets. Fault movements along this structure were punctuated by emplacement of a variety of plutons and minor intrusions which, when precisely dated, allow these movements to be bracketed at between 571 Ma and 564 Ma, 497 Ma and 427 Ma, 424 Ma and 420 Ma, and 421 Ma and 387 Ma, respectively. The tectonic evolution of the Gondwanan inlier of southern Newfoundland is mirrored, in large part, by the record of mylonite development within the Grand Bruit Fault Zone. These tectonic events are attributable to well‐constrained, regional orogenic events of both the Pan‐African and Appalachian cycles. Newly formed shear zones in the fault zone reactivate parts of much older faults of similar regional orientation and are, in some cases, kinematically indistinguishable from the ancestral structures. Integration of precise geochronological data with the sequence of overprinted fault structures demonstrates that, although the role of progressive deformation in shear zone development was important, the observed disposition of structures and rock units is primarily a function of polyorogenic accretion. As a multiple‐reactivated structural lineament in a Gondwanan basement inlier, the fault zone exerted fundamental control over the tectonic development of the leading edge of the convergent southeast margin of the orogen.
BREATH-ALCOHOL ANALYSIS AFTER SORPTION ON CALCIUM SULFATE. IN-VITRO AND IN-VIVO STUDIES

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

We evaluated breath-alcohol analysis by automated gas chromatographic headspace analysis after intervening sorption of ethanol on calcium sulfate (dubowski,k, clin chem 23:1371, 1977). In-vitro accuracy and precision was examined in precision-simulator effluents. Alcohol was measured, in divided breath specimens from 43 healthy adult subjects, directly with a model 900-a breathalyzer and by automated gc headspace analysis of calcium sulfate eluates. In-vitro results of vapour-alcohol analysis (n=22) for target values of 0.05-0.30 g/210 l in 0.05 steps were (mean + or - sd): 0.051 + or - 0.0009, 0.100 + or - 0.0011, 0.149 + or - 0.0026, 0.194 + or - 0.0027, 0.254 + or - 0.0043, and 0.304 plus or minus 0.0036 g/210 1. The system met US Dept of Transportation in-vitro standards for quantitative evidential devices (fed reg 34:30459, 1973). In-vivo studies yielded brac differences (n=703) between breathalyzer tests and gc analyses of calcium sulfate (mean + or - sd) of +0.00063 + or - 0.00757 g/210 l over a 0-0.16 g/210 l range; maximum difference was +0.025 and only 6 differences exceeded + or - 0.020 g/210 l. The best fit least-squares linear regression equation for the paired in-vivo results was y=0.949x + 0.00333, r=0.969 for 745 (including 42 blank) data pairs, where y=brac by calcium sulfate analysis and x=brac by breathalyzer model 900-a in g/210 L, r=pearson correlation coefficient. Brac's in alcohol-free subjects were uniformly negative. No change occurred in the ethanol quantity sorbed on calcium sulfate during 11 months of storage. We conclude that there is no significant difference between breath-alcohol analysis results obtained by direct measurement and after calcium sulfate sorption. (TRRL)
Occurrence of Two Types of Intranuclear Inclusions in the Pancreas of Turkeys, of Which One Suggests a Virus Infection

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

ONE type of inclusion was found in acinar cell nuclei and the other in nuclei of beta islet cells. The latter was a multiple homogeneous type found in 23 of the 60 turkeys and identical with beta islet inclusions reported for chickens (Lucas, 1947). The former closely resembles B-virus and herpetic inclusions as described by Sabin and Wright (1934), Rector and Rector (1933), and Lucas and Riser (1945). This type of granular inclusion is strongly suggestive of virus action (Cowdry, 1934; Cowdry, Lucas and Fox, 1935). A perusal of the literature on turkey diseases has failed thus far to reveal any papers in which this type of pathology is described. Thus, this may represent a new virus or it may be one which is well known but in which the associated pancreas pathology has been overlooked. The turkey pancreases were those used in a quantitative study on the ectopic lymphoid . . .
A new transmission pricing methodology for Indian restructured market using PSS/E software

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Power industry is moving rapidly from regulated conventional setup to a deregulated environment. Deregulation is a new paradigm in the electric power industry. In deregulated environment, the pricing of the use of transmission system, which is satisfactorily allocated among the involved parties, has become one of the major issues. Transmission pricing must be non-discriminatory, transparent, economically efficient, and allow full recovery of costs. In this paper, the Marginal Participation (MP) method is proposed to calculate transmission price for the transacted power using PSS/E and MATLAB environment and the results are compared with the MW-Mile method. Based on the review of Indian system, MP method defines usage of each network branch in terms of the increment in power flows on that network branch if the generation / demand were to marginally increase. Transmission charges determined using MP method is found to be most appropriate since it directly computes the relative use of each network branch. The methods discussed have been successfully tested on sample 6 bus, IEEE 30 bus and TNEB 69 bus systems using MATLAB and PSS/E.
Benefits and Risks of Intraoperative Neuromonitoring for Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors. A Technical Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Intramedullary spinal cord tumors (IMSCT) are a rare condition that can have adverse effects on both the sensory and motor tracts, as well as the gray and white matter of the spinal cord. One type of IMSCT, known as ependymomas, is typically seen in adults, and is characterized by an enhancing mass with clear borders extending outward from the central canal's ependymal lining. In this study, over 800 patients have undergone intramedullary spinal cord tumor surgeries with intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM), and the majority have successfully overcome any postoperative deficits. Multimodal IONM techniques, such as Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SSEPs), Motor Evoked Potentials (MEPs), Epidural recordings (D-waves), Electromyography (EMG), Bulbocavernosus Reflex (BCR), and Train of Four (TOF), were used to monitor the procedures. While intramedullary spinal tumors can be challenging to treat, early surgery can lead to better outcomes. Intraoperative modalities like D-waves and MEPs have shown promise in reducing neurological outcomes, but more research is needed to understand their effectiveness fully.
Hormone receptor levels related to histological parameters of tumor‐host relationships in female breast carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract A series of 115 female breast carcinomas was studied with special emphasis on the relationships between the hormone receptor (ER and PR) levels and the histological parameters reflecting tumor‐host reactivity. Carcinomas were classified according to their nuclear grade (NG) and the stromal host reactions; perivenous lymphocyte infiltration (PVI), lymphocyte (LI), plasma cell (PCI), and mast cell infiltration (MI) were assessed. NG did correlate directly with the ER positivity, but not with the absolute ER values. LI and PCI, but not MI and PVI, showed an inverse relation to the ER values, but not to those of PR. ER and to lesser extent the PR values were higher in postmenopausal than in premenopausal women. The findings are discussed in the light of tumor‐host relationships, and conclusion is drawn that the receptor determinations used in connection with the histological evaluation of these parameters (NG especially) are of definite benefit in dividing the breast cancer patients into groups of different expectancy of the future outcome of their disease.