jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The effect of ethnicity on class position and upward mobility in St. Boniface

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

After reviewing the literature on the differential placement of those of British and those of French-origins in the Canadian class structure, it was suggested that those of French-origin constituted a minority group in Canadian society for, on the basis of their ethnic origin, they had an inferior class position and less chance of upward mobility than those of British-origin. By using the 1961 Census, data on the different class positions of males of British and French-origin in St. Boniface, Manitoba was analysed. A postal questionnaire was sent to a sample of 'upper class' males living in St. Boniface in order to collect data on upward career mobility and several related variables including ethnic and religious origin. Although French ethnic origin was found to be associated with a low social class position, it was found that a Roman Catholic religious affiliation was more highly correlated with low class on two of the three indices used. Among the sample, those of British Roman Catholic origin were the most mobile. Although French-origin was associated with low upward career mobility for those of lower class and small town origins and among the older part of the sample, those of French/Roman Catholic origin had undergone more upward mobility in almost all other cases than those of British/Protestant origins. The study indicated the need to investigate the influence of religion as well as ethnicity in the "Vertical Mosaic". It also suggested that French Canadians outside Quebec may share a similar inferior class position but have better chances of upward mobility than those in Quebec.
Multiphase Effects in Dynamic Systems Under Vibration

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Analysis, simulations, and experiments are performed for a piston in a vibrated liquid-filled cylinder, where the damping caused by forcing liquid through narrow gaps depends almost linearly on the piston position. Adding a little gas completely changes the dynamics of this spring-mass-damper system when it is subject to vibration. When no gas is present, the piston’s vibrational response is highly overdamped due to the viscous liquid being forced through the narrow gaps. When a small amount of gas is added, Bjerknes forces cause some gas to migrate below the piston. The resulting pneumatic spring enables the liquid to move with the piston so that little liquid is forced through the gaps. This “Couette mode” thus has low damping and a strong resonance near the frequency given by the pneumatic spring constant and the piston mass. Near this frequency, the piston response is large, and the nonlinearity from the varying gap length produces a net force on the piston. This “rectified” force can be many times the piston’s weight and can cause the piston to compress its supporting spring. A surrogate system in which the gas regions are replaced by upper and lower bellows with similar compressibility is studied. A recently developed theory for the piston and bellows motions is compared to finite element simulations. The liquid obeys the unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, and the piston and the bellows obey Newton’s 2nd Law. Due to the large piston displacements near resonance, an Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) technique with a sliding-mesh scheme is used to limit mesh distortion. Theory and simulation results for the piston motion are in good agreement. Experiments are performed with liquid only, with gas present, and with upper and lower bellows replacing the gas. Liquid viscosity, bellows compressibility, vibration amplitude, and gap geometry are varied to determine their effects on the frequency at which the rectified force makes the piston move down. This critical frequency is found to depend on whether the frequency is increased or decreased with time.
Systematics of the genus Halimeda (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) in Brazil including the description of Halimeda jolyana sp. nov.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

:The genus Halimeda has a wide geographic distribution in tropical to subtropical regions of the world. Molecular studies have uncovered cryptic and pseudocryptic species as well as strong biogeographic signals in phylogenies. To date, the diversity of Brazilian Bryopsidales has been studied from only a morphological perspective. Here we revised the diversity of Brazilian Halimeda based on molecular data (DNA barcode assessments of the tufA marker and multigene concatenated phylogenies) as well as morphological observations. Of the seven recognized morphospecies, only three were confirmed by molecular data: Halimeda opuntia, H. simulans and H. incrassata. The remaining four species, referred to as H. aff. cuneata, H. aff. gracilis, H. aff. tuna and H. aff. discoidea, showed morphological similarities with known species, but their sequences did not group with sequences of specimens from type localities, indicating the presence of cryptic diversity. Among the four taxa, H. aff. cuneata is so far endemic to Brazil and is herein described as a new species, H. jolyana sp. nov. The remaining three (pseudo-)cryptic species require further studies using a global sampling design. The evolutionary and biogeographic origins of Brazilian Halimeda species are discussed based on new molecular phylogenetic hypotheses.
Characteristics of the resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobial drugs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobial drugs is an important problem of medicine. The aim – to study forming of the resistance to decamethoxine® (DCM®), decaminum (DC) and properties of microorganisms. In the study, a quantitative assessment of antimicrobial drugs was performed based on the activity index of the drug (AID), which shows the ratio of the working concentration of antiseptic to its minimum active concentration for a specific agent. The first indicator for determining the AID is derived from the instructions for the use of the drug, the relevant directories. Minimum inactivation concentration (MIC) values was determined experimentally in strains of the corresponding species that did not have contact with medicinal products. Microbiological studies on diphtheria rods, Staphylococcus albus and S. aureus, clinical strains of Candida albicans, which possessed typical tinctorial, morphologic, and cultural properties were carried out in this work. The effective concentrations of medicinal antimicrobial drugs decamethoxine®, decaminum, levorinum, nystatin were determined by means of the method of double serial dilutions. Conditions were defined for the formation of resistant forms of microorganisms (nutrient medium, microbial load, concentration of drugs). There was analyzed the resistance of Staphylococci, Corynebacterium diphtheria, Candida albicans drugs and the monitoring of the resistance of microorganisms to decamethoxine®, decaminum, levorinum, nystatin was carried out. According to the results of experimental study on the nutrient medium the slow forming of resistance in Staphylococci, C.diphtheria, C.albicans to DCM and DC were found. These studies showed a lack of cross-resistance of clinical strains of C.albicans to antimycotics DCM® and DC, on the one hand, and levorinum and nystatin on the other. Resistant to DCM of C.albicans were found to be susceptible to decaminum (3,9 μg/ml), levorinum (0,12 μg/ml) and nystatin (1,9 μg/ml). While forming the resistance to antimicrobial drugs changes of morphology with the formation of polymorphic cells have been established in microorganisms. The loss of biological activity of microorganisms due to changes in the activity of microbial cell enzymes during the formation of resistance was determined. The expediency of using DCM®, decaminum, levorinum, nystatin for prevention, treatment, overcoming of resistance in resistant variants of microorganisms to DCM®, decaminum.
Comparison of Body Composition Methods During Weight Loss in Obese Women Using Herbal Formula

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), a device that analyzes the current conduction differences between the fat and water components is widely used for reasons that include convenience of use, non-invasiveness, safety, and low cost. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) allows for the assessment of total body and regional lean and fat tissues and bone mineral content (BMC). The objective of this study was to compare body composition assessments by BIA and DXA before and after a 6-week herbal diet intervention program in 50 pre-menopausal women [mean ± SD: age 30.58 ± 6.15, body mass index (BMI) 31.72 ± 3.78]. Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was measured by BIA and anthropometry. Lean body mass (LBM), body fat (BF), BMC and percent body fat (%BF) were measured by BIA and DXA. Highly significant correlations were observed between BIA and DXA measurements for LBM, BF, BMC and %BF (r = 0.73, 0.93, 0.53, 0.79, respectively) before the intervention. Differences between BIA and DXA measurements were observed in LBM, BF, %BF and BMC before intervention ( p < 0.01) where WHR by BIA was significantly higher compared to anthropometry before ( p < 0.01) and after the intervention ( p < 0.01). BIA underestimated LBM by 1.85 kg and overestimated BF by 2.54 kg compared to DXA before the intervention. Although BIA and DXA showed highly significant correlations for LBM, BF, BMC and %BF before the intervention, they did not produce statistically comparable results in pre-menopausal Korean women and therefore should not be used interchangeably when measuring body composition.
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Gene Polymorphisms (MIF-173CC) Genotyping in Patients with Cardiac Dysfunction: Relationship to Diabetes Mellitus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an important mediator in inflammation and pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy (CMP). We aim to explore any possible association between polymorphisms of MIF genes and CMP in a cohort of Egyptian patients with cardiac dysfunction with or without diabetes mellitus and to investigate the alliance between the identified genotype and their medical features. Patients and methods: This is a case-control study where 57 patients with CMP were consecutively admitted to CCU compared with 98 matched healthy controls. Patients were subjected to careful clinical history and physical examination, ECG, routine investigations, and echocardiography. All participants were analyzed for codon -173 G/C polymorphism in MIF genes by using PCR-RFLP methods. Results: We found higher Frequency of MIF-173 GG genotype in both diabetic and nondiabetic CMP patients compared to controls (p<0.05). However, we did not find any significant difference in the MIF genotyping between the CMP with or without DM. Conclusion: Our results advocate that MIF may have implications for our understanding of the pathophysiology and perturbation in CMP process. We suggested that GG genotype of MIF (-173) gene may be a risk factor for patients with CMP.
Housing prices and consumption : the case of China

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The rapid soaring housing prices in Chinese residential property market have attracted increasing worldwide attention in recent years. Facing the rising concerns about both the stability and sustainability of Chinese housing market prices dynamics, this study aims at investigating the impacts of changes in housing wealth on consumption in China. Previous studies on this subject usually use country level data with relatively shorter sample period, or individual time series for a single or a few cities. Recent development in literatures suggests that panel data have the more heightened capacity for modeling the complexity of human behavior than a single cross-section or time series data can possibly allow. In this study, in order to identify both long-term and short-term elasticity of consumption with respect to housing wealth, panel framework of ECM is constructed, with quarterly data from 23 cities throughout China, covering the period of 2005Q1-2010Q4. The estimation results confirm large and highly significant positive housing wealth effect on consumption in both long-run and short-run for China. Furthermore, due to the potential endogeneity problem driven by the fact that housing prices are highly correlated with income, instrumental variable estimations are also implemented. The resulting empirical findings confirm that changes in housing values can exert large and positive impacts on household consumption, even after this potential endogeneity bias is controlled for.
Incidence and Screening of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Varieties against Fruit Borer (Deudorix isocrates F.) in Eastern Gangetic Plains of West Bengal, India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The seasonal incidence of fruit borer (Deudorix isocrates) infesting guava was carried out at two locations viz., Horticultural Research Station, Monduri and in guava orchard at Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal during 2014 and 2015.During both years, maximum incidence of pest (D. isocrates) was observed in the month of August at both locations with varying weeks of peak periods except during first year (2014) at Mondouri where the peak incidence was recorded in last week of July.Mean incidence of two locations also indicated that July end to August end was the peak activity period of the pest.The correlation studies between fruit borer infestation and weather parameters revealed that minimum temperature, rainfall and minimum relative humidity resulted in significant positive influence on fruit borer incidence.Regression analysis also showed that all weather factors influenced 61.3% variation in the fruit borer incidence.Field screening of 18 guava varieties against the fruit borer during 2014, 2015 and 2016 revealed minimum infestation in Dudhkhaja (3.08%) and Arka Kiran (4.63%), Kohir Round (6.13%), Mohammad Khaja (6.73%), Baruipur Local (7.61%), HissarSurkha (8.86%) and Lalit (10.08%) and maximum infestation in Hissar Safeda(26.4%),China (24.93%),Allahabad Safeda(23.43%),and Sardar (21.61%).
Flow-injection Spectrophotometric method for the determination of Ziram (Dithiocarbamate Fungicide)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A flow injection spectrophotometric method for the determination of ziram is described. The method is based on the monitoring of the absorbance at 590 nm of the complex formed between zinc from ziram and arsenazo(III). The method is characterised by a detection limit of 0.35 ppm (signal to noise of 3) and a linear range of 2.30 - 37.40 ppm ziram. The inter and intraday percent relative standard deviation for the determination of 2.34 ppm ziram is 0.16 and 0.15%, respectively. The incorporation of an additional flow line of 1% (w/v) sodium fluoride as masking agent allows the determination of 23.40 ppm ziram in the presence of equal amount of foreign ions such as Mn 2+ , Cu 2+ , Mg 2+ , K + and thiram to be conducted satisfactorily. The method has been applied to the direct analysis of food samples such as cucumbers, cabbages, potatoes and tomatoes spiked with ziram. Abstrak. Satu kaedah spektrofotometri secara suntikan aliran bagi penentuan ziram diterangkan. Kaedah ini berasaskan pemantauan keserapan kompleks pada 590 nm yang terbentuk diantara zink daripada ziram dan arsenazo(III). Kaedah ini dicirikan dengan had pengesanan 0.35 ppm (isyarat kepada bisingan 3) dan julat linear dari 2.30 - 37.40 ppm ziram. Peratus sisihan piawai relatif bagi antara hari dan intra hari untuk penentuan 2.34 ppm ziram adalah masing-masing 0.16 dan 0.15 %. Penambahan suatu aliran 1 %(w/v) natrium florida sebagai agen penopeng membolehkan penentuan 23.40 ppm ziram dalam kehadiran pada paras yang sama ion asing seperti Mn(II), Cu(II), Mg(II), K(I) dan tiram dilaksanakan dengan memuaskan. Kaedah ini telah digunakan untuk penentuan terus sampel makanan seperti timun, kobis, ubi kentang dan tomato yang telah dipakukan dengan ziram.
Morbidity of children in Ukraine: approaches toanalysis and prognostication

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Morbidity of children and teenagers, their link with birth-rate, disability and death rate are the important indexes of estimation of health of nation. The aim of work was to work out approaches to analysis and prognosis of children morbidity in Ukraine. Prevalence and morbidity of children (from 0 to 17) was analysed over 2004-2008 and 2015 years by the data of official statistics, adaptive methods of prognostication were used as well. The prognosis of morbidity and prevalence of diseases in children testified to a possible growth of levels of blood diseases and hematogenesis organs, those of eye and accessory apparatus, organs of breathing and digestion, diabetes mellitus, diseases of skin and hypoderm. In 2015 in the structure of prevalence the most meaningful were diseases of organs of breathing and digestion, eyes and accessory apparatus, in the structure of morbidity - diseases of organs of breathing and digestion, skin and hypoderm. The offered approach to the analysis gives possibility to generalize and model morbidity of children for the prolonged period of time, to reveal leading tendencies and to estimate the risk of their growth. All mentioned is necessary for organizational-methodical work of doctors and development of purposeful measures on prevention and decline of morbidity of rising generation.
Adsorptions of Astrazon Dye onto Granular Carbon-Silica Aerogels Synthesized from Recycle Palm-Date Pits: Kinetics, Thermodynamic and Isotherm Studies

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In this work, an environmental friendly management process was achieved to solve solid and liquid hazardous contaminants in our environment. In this case, a granular carbon (gAC) sorbent impregnated with SiO2 aerogels as composite (gAC/SiO2) was synthesized from the rceycling of palm-date pits solid waste products to remediate wastewater solution contaminated with Astrazon pink FG cationic dye. The Astrazon dye adsorption onto the gAC/SiO2 was investigated by compared to gAC sorbent alone using a batch system with respect to initial dye concentration, pH, contact time, solution temperature and adsorbents dosage. It was found the amount of adsorbed dye was strongly depended on pH with low significant important of temperatures levels range from 298 to 318 K. The prepared gAC/SiO2 aerogels composite exhibits high efficiency for Astrazon dye adsorption by approximately 1.5 times than that of gAC alone. The equilibrium adsorption states could be achieved in 6 h when using gAC/SiO2 comparable to 12 h by gAC for the different initial dye concentrations. The adsorption kinetics were found to best described by the pseudo-second order model (PSOM) and pseudo-first order (PFOM) kinetic models respectively, when using gAC and gAC/SiO2 sorbents, and poorest-fit with Elvoich equation as confirmed by nonlinear chi-square error test and determination coefficient values. The equilibrium isotherm study indicated that dye adsorption data were analyzed and fitted well by the nonlinear expressions of both Langmuir and Langmuir-Freundlich models compared to Freundlich, Temkin and Redlich–Petersonmodels. The maximum monolayer Astrazon dye adsorption was estimated to be 185.59 and 256.02 µmol/g by gAC and gAC/SiO2 adsorbents. The positive values of the enthalpy (ΔH°) and negative Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) changes indicate an endothermic as well as feasible and spontaneous nature of the adsorption process respectively.
Expansion of IR into the LSC region.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

<p>The dashed lines depict the junction boundaries. The arrowed grey lines indicate the process of IR expansions. a, <i>Amborella</i> and <i>Nicotiana</i>; b, <i>Lemna</i>; c, intermediate; d, <i>Acorus</i> and <i>Dioscorea</i>; e, date palm, <i>typha,</i> and all Poaceaes; f, <i>Phalaenopsis</i> and <i>Oncidium</i>.</p>
A Simulation Method of 2D Steady Scalar Convection-Diffusion Flow on an Exponentially Graded Mesh

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Owing to its fundamental nature, convection-diffusion flows are researched in a number of engineering, scientific, and aeronautical applications. The right meshing approaches are necessary for convection-diffusion simulations. Major meshes in computational fluid dynamics that are used to find the solutions to discretized governing equations include uniform, piecewise-uniform, graded, and hybrid meshes. Unintentionally applying the meshes might lead to poor solutions including numerical oscillations, over- or under-predictions, and lengthy computing time. Accentuating the effectiveness of exponentially graded mesh finite-difference scheme, this paper takes the simulation of a 2D steady scalar convection-diffusion into account. The problem was solved by assigning certain mesh expansion factor to the mesh according to Peclet number. The factor was determined based on its previously derived logarithmically linear relationship with low Peclet number. Based on the values of Peclet number and the source, eight groups of test cases are presented in this paper. It was found that given a Peclet and a mesh number, simulation error percentage was surprisingly constant regardless the source values. The rates of convergence for the scheme, however, were comparable with respect to source values. Uniform convergence rate was also found to be achievable in all test cases corresponding to Peclet number of interests. This work successfully assessed the validity range of the generalized logarithmically linear model between exponentially graded mesh expansion factor and Peclet number for the simulation.
President's Column: The Tsunamis put Injury Prevention on the Public Health Agenda

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The South Asia earthquake and tsunamis in December 2004 have shown the world the importance of international collaboration in the field of public health. In a globalising world, all countries seem to be involved, even when the catastrophe hits at the other side of the planet.

The tsunamis caused the death of 300.000 persons and millions of injured. Survivors also have to deal with the outbreaks of diseases. Diarrhoeal diseases and malaria are among the main communicable disease threats for populations living in tsunami affected areas. Activities for prevention, preparedness and control of epidemic diarrhoeal diseases including cholera and typhoid fever therefore are among the public health issues which have to be given priority in the near future.1 In late December, EUPHA and the Norwegian Society of Public Health sent the first contributions to emergency relief organisations in areas of South Asia affected by the tsunamis. In January 2005 we sent money to Darfur in West Sudan as well. These contributions were financed by the prize reduction obtained from the company responsible for the food and service at the conference dinner Friday 8th October at the Annual EUPHA meeting in Oslo. I would like to encourage other public health associations in Europe and the rest of the world to give their support as well.

The tsunamis have shown us again that the health and safety of the population are of great importance to achieve a sustainable development. The afflicted areas not only have to deal with the human side, but also with rebuilding the environment. In addition, the tsunamis will cause a large loss of income from tourism, fishing and all related activities.2

The tsunamis have given us an important lesson for the future. Safety promotion and injury prevention need to be on the public health agenda, …