jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Rethinking Afro-Asian Relations - Assessing TICAD 8 on African Development

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Africa has become a significant focus for many international partners, particularly following the COVID-19 pandemic, which has led to changes in how the continent engages with its partners. With numerous countries in Asia, external partners have made consistent efforts to establish their presence on the continent. Japan is one such Asian country that has sought to expand its influence in Africa, especially in response to China’s significant presence on the continent. The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected different sectors of the African economy; hence, there is a focus on creating future policies that allow resilience related to such pandemics and any unpredicted future global crises like the current one caused by the Ukrainian war. Similar to others, Japan is prepared to strengthen its engagements with African countries as they align their interests with Agenda 2063, differentiating them from China’s debt approach. Despite Japan being in the region well before the COVID-19 pandemic, it continues to make efforts to increase its presence following the recent Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD) held in Tunisia. This has reaffirmed Japan’s intentions and goals despite the competitive presence of China in the continent. This paper aims to analyse TICAD 8 and its consequences on African development. What promises has Japan made, and how will they lead to a developed Africa? How is Japan’s approach to bringing development to Africa different from that of other Asian partners?
A New Technigue for Solving Bending Problem of Continuously Supported Plates with Arbitrary Boundary Conditions

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Based on the theory for solving bending problem of thin elastic rectangular plates proposed by the author in reference [1], a new technique for solving bending problem of continuously supported plates is given in the present paper. It can be used to solve bending problem of continuously supportud platew with avjitrary boundary conditionw.
Accuracy Analysis of 1∶10 000 Scale Topographic Map Based on GeoEye-1 High Resolution Satellite Images

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This article selected the GeoEye-1 satellite images for source data,and took the DPGrid as the indoor-work adjustment and precision assessment software,taking one survey area in Xinjiang Autonomous region for example,discussed the making method of 1∶10 000 sclae topographic map used GeoEye-1satellite image,and analyzes the influence of the number and distribution of origin points of photo control for 1∶10 000 scale topographic map.
THE STUDIES ON AEROBIC WORK CAPACITIES OF PREPARATORY SCHOOL CHILDREN (III)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In order to find out the criteria for the determination of maximal oxygen uptakes of very young children, five boys and five girls, aged four or five years, served as the subjects. They ran on the horizontal treadmill once a day for the constant three minutes on different days. The velocity was increased from the first 100m/min by 20m/min till the last where they could endure no longer for the three minutes. As the consequence, the velocities attained were 100m/min, 120m/min, 140m/min, 160m/min, 180m/min and 200m/min for boys and 100m/min, 120m/min, 140m/min, 160m/min and 180m/min for girls.The expired airs were collected at rest and whole through the treadmill running.Heart rates were also continuously registered not only at rest but also during the treadmill running.The following results were obtained:1) At the velocities of 100m/min, 120m/min and 140m/min apparent steady states of heart rates and Vo2 were established within the three miuntes both for boys and girls.But boys showed lower heart rates and higher Vo2 during the steady states at a given velocity than girls did.2) At the last velocity of 200m/min Vo2max were attained 30 seconds after the start of running for boys and also at the last of 180m/min girls reached Vo2max 60 seconds after the beginning.It was, therefore, confirmed that if the work intensity was sufficiently high, Vo2 max could be reached at the latest between 30 and 60 seconds after the start of work for young children.3) At the one step lower velocity than the last, namely, 180m/min for boys and 160m/min for girls, the plateaus of Vo2max were found for the last minute.4) The heart rates simultaneously observed with Vo2max ranged from 202.4 to 206.4 bpm and also RQ were all above the unit. Accordingly these values could be regarded as the most important critieria for the evaluation of aerobic work capacity of young children.5) When the velocity was high, the respiratory frequency sharply rises immediately after the start of running. For the first thirty seconds the breath rates reached 60 to 90/min.6) If the duration of the running on the horizontal treadmill are constantly fixed three minutes, the upper limit of the velocity where the safe aerobic steady state can be established is 140m/min both for boys and girls.
Cross racial preferences in viewing sexually explicit material:a comparison bewteen African-American and Caucasian males.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The present study investigated that extent to which the race of actors in an erotic video affected sexual arousal in African-American and Caucasian heterosexual males.It was hypothesized that the two racial groups would be significantly more sexually aroused while watching their respective homoethnic erotic video.The htpothesis was grounded in the modeling effects of Bandura's Social Leaning Theory(1977),the Matching Hypothesis(1982)and worldview differences between African-Americans and Caucasians(Baldwin and Bell,1985.Thirty-four African-American and Caucasian males were shown homoethnic and non-homethnic erotic videos while penile circumference,systolic and diastolic blood pressures,and self-report ratings of sexual arousal were measured.In addition,sexual attitude measures and an xultural identity questionnaire were given to the participants to assess whether sexual attitudes and cultural identity questionnaire were given to the participants to assess whether sexual attitudes and cultural identity were related to sexual responitivity.The hypothesis was not supported.The results of this study showed that the race of actors in an erotic video did not affect differentially the sexual responding of the African-American and Caucasian men.However,systolic blood pressure tended to be a more sensitive indicator of general arousal in African-American men.While this study failed to support the hypothesis,the results did provide data relevant to the study of male sexuality in the laboratory setting.This area of research is still new and deserves more attention.
Nuclear Factor Kappa B: A Nobel Therapeutic Target of FlavonoidsAgainst Parkinson's Disease

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common brain-related neurodegenerative disorder, is comprised of several pathophysiological mechanisms, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, aggregation of misfolded alpha-synuclein, and synaptic loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta region of the midbrain. Misfolded alpha-synuclein, originating from damaged neurons, triggers a series of signaling pathways in both glial and neuronal cells. Activation of such events results in the production and expression of several proinflammatory cytokines via the activation of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Consequently, this cascade of events worsens the neurodegenerative processes, particularly in conditions, such as PD and synucleinopathies. Microglia, astrocytes, and neurons are just a few of the many cells and tissues that express the NF-κB family of inducible types of transcription factors. The dual role of NF-κB activation can be crucial for neuronal survival, although the classical NF-κB pathway is important for controlling the generation of inflammatory mediators during neuroinflammation. Modulating NF-κB-associated pathways through the selective action of several agents holds promise for mitigating dopaminergic neuronal degeneration and PD. Several naturally occurring compounds in medicinal plants can be an effective treatment option in attenuating PD-associated dopaminergic neuronal loss via selectively modifying the NF-κB-mediated signaling pathways. Recently, flavonoids have gained notable attention from researchers because of their remarkable anti-neuroinflammatory activity and significant antioxidant properties in numerous neurodegenerative disorders, including PD. Several subclasses of flavonoids, including flavones, flavonols, isoflavones, and anthocyanins, have been evaluated for neuroprotective effects against in vitro and in vivo models of PD. In this aspect, the present review highlights the pathological role of NF-κB in the progression of PD and investigates the therapeutic potential of natural flavonoids targeting the NF-κB signaling pathway for the prevention and management of PD-like manifestations with a comprehensive list for further reference. Available facts strongly support that bioactive flavonoids could be considered in food and/or as lead pharmacophores for the treatment of neuroinflammation-mediated PD. Furthermore, natural flavonoids having potent pharmacological properties could be helpful in enhancing the economy of countries that cultivate medicinal plants yielding bioactive flavonoids on a large scale.
Induction of Fertile Amphidiploids by Artificial Chromosome-doubling in Interspecific Hybrid between Dianthus caryophyllus L. and D. japonicus Thunb

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Amphidiploid induction by chromosome-doubling is the most efficient method of utilizing a sterile interspecific hybrid for breeding. Previously, although we successfully obtained an interspecific hybrid between carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) and Dianthus japonicus Thunb., the hybrid was sterile. In the present study, therefore, attempts were mode to induce amphidiploids to restore the fertility by artificial chromosome-doubling, i.e., by applying drops of a colchicine solution on to the shoot tips of greenhouse-grown plants or by treating nodal segments excised from in vitro-grown plants by incubation in a colchicine or amiprophos-methyl (APM) solution. Among 156 hybrid plants regenerated after these treatments, nine were revealed to be tetraploids, in addition to one octoploid and 88 mixoploids. Colchicine dropping treatment at a concentration of 2,000 mg·l−1 for one day led to the highest rate (14%) of tetraploid formation, whereas 10% tetraploid formation was obtained by in vitro shaking culture with 5 and 10 mg·l−1 APM for 24 hrs. The amphidiploids exhibited a larger flower size and later flowering time than the original diploid hybrid, and the fertility of both pollen and seed was restored. These amphidiploids are expected to be used for the breeding of carnation cultivars, which are suitable for growing under the Japanese climatic conditions.
Clinical and pathological features of 10 cases of Fabry’s disease with renal damage

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations and pathological features of the hereditary disease(Fabry’s disease)with renal damage.Methods The clinical manifestations,and laboratory tests and renal pathology data of 10 cases of Fabry’s disease,mainly relating to renal damage,were collected from Department of Nephrology,Affiliated Xijing Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from September 1997 to January 2020,and the clinical manifestations,pathological features,treatment and prognosis of Fabry’s disease were discussed.Results All the 10 patients were male,and aged 13～66 years with an average age of 28.6.Renal damage was characterized by proteinuria(9 cases,90%),microscopic hematuria(7 cases,70%),and decreased glomerular filtration rate(7 cases,70%),with 3 cases(30%)progressing to end-stage renal disease(ESRD).Outside the kidney,ventricular septal hypertrophy(3 cases,30%),skin rash(3 cases,30%),limb paresthesia(2 cases,20%),keratopathy(1 case,10%),and hearing loss(3 cases,30%)were found.The pathological manifestations of the kidney were diffused vacuolar degeneration and foam-like degeneration of podocytes observed under light microscope,partially accompanied by foam-like degeneration of renal tubular epithelial cells.Segmentalized or nodular sclerosis was observed in the glomeruli,which was easily misdiagnosed as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.Under electron microscope,the cytoplasm of tissue cells showed a large number of layered circular myelin sheath-like bodies and zebra bodies.Conclusions Fabry’s disease is common in young men,and renal damage is lack of specificity.Most of the manifestations are mild to moderate proteinuria and different degrees of renal insufficiency,and can progress to ESRD.Pathological examination of the kidney is of great significance.Osmiophilic myelin sheath-like inclusion body is its characteristic structure.Among extrarenal manifestations cardiac lesions are the most common.
Voluntary Assurance of Sustainability Report and Audit Fees

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The 21th century has seen huge changes of corporations. While companies’ business grew rapidly, attention and recognition on corporate social responsibility has gradually been attracted and put on a vital strategy position. It has been proofed to be a crucial way that enterprises share their social responsibility actively in order to enhance their competitive advantage. With more and more enterprises knowing how important social responsibility is for their development, they released a new method which is called sustainability report to show them determine and confidence to take social responsibility.This thesis can be divided into six parts. The first part is about introduction and background. The second part is literature review. The third part is the development of hypotheses. The fourth part is research method and the fifth part is a conclusion. The last part is the reference.
Acute Physiologic Response to 20 and 40% Body-Weight Support Treadmill Exercise

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of body-weight supported (BWS) treadmill exercise on oxygen consumption (VO2), ventilation (VE), respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and heart rate (HR) response during normal weight (NW), 20% and 40% BWS. An additional objective of the study was to determine if a correlation of the ventilatory threshold (VT) and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) existed during the BWS exercise. METHODS: Nine healthy, college-aged participants (7 M, 2 F, age 20.8 ± 1.5 y) were recruited from a university population for this study. All participants completed a maximal treadmill test under normal weight conditions followed by 2 submaximal (RER 1.0) treadmill sessions of 20% and 40% unweighting within a 2 week period. VO2, VE, RER and HR were compared at four walking speeds (2.6 mph, 3.2 mph, 3.8 mph & 4.4 mph) for each of the treadmill testing conditions. Identification of the onset of the VT using the ventilatory efficiency and the V-Slope method was compared to the participant's RPE of "Hard" (RPE 4/5 on a 1-10 RPE scale). RESULTS: The results show a significant difference in the relationship between VO2 and walking speed/condition at 4.4 mph (20.7 ± 1.7,NW; 18.4 ± 2.1, 20% BWS and 17.5 ± 2.2, 40% BWS ml/kg/min; P = 0.002) but not at any of the other speeds. No significant difference was noted between the walking speed/condition for VE (P = 0.183), HR (P = 0.237) and RER (P = 0.661). RPE and VT did not show a strong relationship under normal body weight conditions during both the maximal test and 20% BWS exercise and the relationship became even weaker as the amount of BWS was increased to 40%. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show there was a significant difference in the relationship of VO2 to walking speed/condition only at a brisk walking pace. However, there was no significant difference when looking at this relationship with VE, RER and HR. In addition, RPE and VT did not show a strong relationship under NW conditions or during the BWS treadmill exercise. The results suggest that although RPE may be used as an independent guide for intensity with BWS exercise, the relationship of a perception of "Hard" work based on the RPE scale and the onset of the VT does not appear to be strong especially at higher levels of BWS.
Molecular genetic analysis of three AIDS-associated neoplasms of uncertain lineage demonstrates their B-cell derivation and the possible pathogenetic role of the Epstein-Barr virus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Each of three individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) developed a pleomorphic malignant neoplasm in which a precise histopathologic diagnosis could not be rendered. In each case, the tumor cells expressed leukocyte common antigen and a variable constellation of antigens associated with B- and T-cell activation (HLA- DR, T9, T10, BL2, BL3, Ki-24, BLAST-2). They lacked all B cell, T cell, myeloid, and monocyte lineage-restricted antigens, resulting in their classification as hematopoietic neoplasms of uncertain lineage. However, antigen receptor gene rearrangement analysis demonstrated that each of these three neoplasms exhibited clonal immunoglobulin heavy chain and kappa light chain gene rearrangements and lacked T-cell receptor beta chain gene rearrangements and therefore were B cell- derived non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) representative of an equivalent, relatively mature stage of B-cell differentiation. In contrast with most AIDS-associated NHLs, each of these three neoplasms lacked c-myc gene rearrangements and contained Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) proteins and/or sequences. These studies demonstrate that these three AIDS- associated neoplasms of uncertain lineage exhibit a strikingly similar constellation of distinctly uncommon morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular genetic characteristics that distinguishes them substantially from the vast majority of NHLs that have been reported to occur in association with AIDS. The consistent presence of EBV proteins and/or DNA sequences suggests that the Epstein-Barr virus played a pathogenetic role in the development of these three AIDS-associated neoplasms. Finally, these studies further illustrate the utility of antigen receptor gene rearrangement analysis in the diagnosis and classification of hematopoietic neoplasms of uncertain lineage.
Gendered Perceptions of Public Services: Quality, Equality of Treatment, and Corruption in Chile

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Public services in Latin America face persistent challenges that affect access, quality, and fairness, particularly for women and marginalized groups. This study examines gendered differences in public service perceptions in Chile, focusing on quality, equality of treatment, and corruption in education, health, and law enforcement. Using data from the Index of Perceptions of Governance Quality at the Regional Level, we investigate whether women perceive public services more negatively than men and whether explanatory factors differ by gender. Employing linear, multilevel, and seemingly unrelated regression models, we analyze individual‐level and municipal‐level variables. Women report greater perceptions of inequality and corruption in health and law enforcement, with indigenous women expressing the most negative views. Female municipal leadership is associated with lower perceived corruption among women. These findings contribute to public administration scholarship by integrating care theory, representative bureaucracy, and policy feedback to inform gender‐sensitive approaches to public service reform.
Health Policy and the Blood Market

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Editorial| February 01 1978 Health Policy and the Blood Market Louanne Kennedy Louanne Kennedy Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google J Health Polit Policy Law (1978) 3 (1): 5–10. https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-3-1-5 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Louanne Kennedy; Health Policy and the Blood Market. J Health Polit Policy Law 1 February 1978; 3 (1): 5–10. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-3-1-5 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsJournal of Health Politics, Policy and Law Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © 1978 by the Department of Health Administration, Duke University1978 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal Issue Section: Guest Editorial You do not currently have access to this content.
Magnetization reversal in polycrystalline NiO–Co exchange anisotropy coupled bilayers

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Real time investigation of magnetization reversal in exchange anisotropy coupled polycrystalline NiO–Co bilayers show that reversal in exchange coupled Co films is highly local and nonuniform in nature. Growth of reversed domains occur primarily by the abrupt nucleation and coalescence of new reversed domains; wall motion, although observable, is not the dominant growth mode for reversed domains. Clear evidence is presented which shows that the strength of the exchange field varies at the microscopic scale across the sample. This manifests itself as different microscopic regions switching abruptly at different fields, and a given area switching at different fields in the positive and negative field directions due to the unidirectional rather than uniaxial nature of exchange anisotropy.
Sero-Molecular Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Viral Hepatitis in Urban Yemen

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Viral hepatitis is an acute or chronic neglected disease that affects predominantly the liver.This study aimed to determine the sero prevalence and risk factors for viral hepatitis and HCV genotypes in urban areas of Yemen.In a prospective, cross-sectional, analytical and community-based study and following informed consent, 501 volunteers were randomly recruited.Demographic and clinical data was collected.Screening for HBV, HDV and HCV was carried out using ELISA.HBV/HCV viral loads and HCV genotyping were carried out using COBAS ® TaqMan ® 48 Analyzer (Roche Diagnostics Gmbh, Germany).The mean age of study population was 25.9±10.6 years with a male: female ratio of 1. HBV sero prevalence was similar in Sana'a, Taiz and Aden (p = 0.2).Evidence of past HBV infection was significantly high in Aden and Taiz (14.1 and 18.8%, respectively) compared to Sana'a (5.4%) (p = 0.002).HBV DNA Viral loads were widely variable (1350 and 6320 copies mLG 1 ).HCV sero prevalence was low and not significantly different in the study cities (p = 0.4).HCV Viral loads were widely variable between samples (657300-1630000 copies mLG 1 ).HCV Genotypes 4 and 1a were the most predominant genotypes.Blood transfusion (19%), renal dialysis (18.6%), history of cupping (18.1%), surgical operation (17.4%) and dental treatment (15.4%) were the most common risk factors for HBV and HCV sero reactivity.In conclusion, HBV sero prevalence is variable among different geographical areas in Yemen.Past exposure to HBV is high.Blood transfusion and contaminated surgical instruments are important infection risks for viral hepatitis.HCV genotypes 4 and 1a are the most prevalent.