jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sex-Biased Networks and Nodes of Sexually Antagonistic Conflict in Drosophila

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Sexual antagonism, or conflict, can occur when males and females harbor opposing reproductive strategies. The large fraction of sex-biased genes in genomes present considerable opportunities for conflict to occur, suggesting that sexual antagonism may potentially be a general phenomenon at the molecular level. Here, we employ a novel strategy to identify potential nodes of sexual conflict in Drosophila melanogaster by coupling male, female, and sex-unbiased networks derived from genome-wide expression data with available genetic and protein interaction data. We find that sex-biased networks comprise a large fraction ( ~ 1/3) of the total interaction network with the male network possessing nearly twice the number of nodes (genes) relative to the female network. However, there are far less edges or interaction partners among male relative to female subnetworks as seen in their power law distributions. We further identified 598 sex-unbiased genes that can act as indirect nodes of interlocus sexual conflict as well as 271 direct nodal pairs of potential conflict between male- and female-biased genes. The pervasiveness of such potentially conflicting nodes may explain the rapid evolution of sex-biased as well as non-sex-biased genes via this molecular mechanism of sexual selection even among taxa such as Drosophila that are nominally sexually dimorphic.
Has the redistributive effect of social transfers and taxes changed over time across countries?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract In most Member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation Development (OECD), the income gap between rich and poor has widened over the past decades. This article analyses whether and to what extent income taxes and social transfers have contributed to this trend. Has the redistributive impact of different social programmes changed over time? We use microdata from the LIS Cross National Data Center in Luxembourg for the period 1982–2014 and study both the total population and the working‐age population. In contrast to the results of some other studies, especially by the OECD, we do not find that redistribution has declined. Tax‐benefit systems around 2013 are more effective at reducing income inequality compared to the mid‐1980s and the mid‐1990s, especially among the total population. Changes in social programmes are not a driver of greater income inequality across the countries included in this study.
Manifestly Covariant Canonical Formalism of Quadratic Gravity

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present the manifestly covariant quantization of quadratic gravity or higher-derivative gravity in the de Donder gauge condition (or harmonic gauge condition) for general coordinate invariance on the basis of the BRST transformation. We explicitly calculate various equal-time commutation relations (ETCRs), in particlular, the ETCRs between the metric tensor and its time derivatives in detail, and show that they are identically vanishing. We also clarify global symmetries, the physical content of quadratic gravity, and clearly show that this theory is not unitary and has a massive scalar, massive ghost and massless graviton as physical modes. Finally, we comment on confinement of the massive ghost, thereby recovering the unitarity of the physical S-matrix in quadratic gravity.
Operationalization of (Trans)gender in Facial Recognition Systems: From Binarism to Intersectionality

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT In a paper published in 2018, Os Keyes investigated how the literature on Automated Gender Recognition systems (AGRs) conceived gender, finding that 94.8% of the papers treated it as binary, 72.4% as immutable and 60.3% as a physiological component. In the author's view, this is indicative of an operationalization of gender, that is, the assumption that the latter is a discrete and objectively applicable parameter. Keyes claims that such a vision is blind to the performative aspects of gender and particularly dangerous for transgender people. Here I will follow on these remarks, providing several examples that show how AGR systems' failures in recognizing the faces of transgender people are capable of both perpetuating and amplifying gender stereotypes and inequalities. Then, I will introduce the notion of intersectionality , which is the idea that humans ‘sit at the crossroads’ of many physical, social, and political factors, whose combination generates dynamics of discrimination or privilege. I will focus on a subfield of intersectional studies, that is, intersectional stereotyping, which explains how we usually make assumptions and judgments about an individual or group of people based on multiple social identities or categories they belong to, such as their race, gender, sexual orientation, class, religion and ability. I will argue that this area of research provides us with a set of knowledge that might help us rethink and redesign the data sets for AGR. Specifically, I will draw on three key notions of intersectional stereotyping—‘perceiver goals’, ‘category accessibility’ and ‘category fit’—and use them to envision new ways of collecting images for assessing gender through facial recognition. Finally, I will explicate why my observations call for an urgent integration between computer science and gender studies.
Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum BW 10626

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum
Common name(s): Wheat
Other names: CM57616-A-3Y-1Y-4M-2Y-0M-0YD
Conserved by: Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT), Mexico
Local sample unique identifier: BW 10626
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1983
Other identifiers: n/a,BW10626, n/a,CID 42165 SID 35, n/a,GID 817260
Historical: No
Biological status: Breeder's line
MLS status: Included
An 8-bit Integrate-and-Sample Receiver for Rate-Scalable Photonic Analog-to-Digital Conversion

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Jitter limitations pose significant challenges for high-resolution and sampling-rate analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). This paper describes an integrate-and-sample (IAS) receiver suitable for use in an optical parametric photonic ADC. Rate-scalable photonic-sampling techniques provide low-jitter optical sampling and analog-to-digital conversion of the wideband signal up to 10 GHz and beyond. An 8-bit 2-GS/s IAS receive channel is described for a rate-scalable photonic ADC. Electronic measurements are shown for an RF tone and a photonic Gaussian pulse source and compared to simulations. A two-channel IAS array is fabricated in a 120-nm SiGe BiCMOS process and packaged onto a printed circuit board for integration into the photonic-sampling setup. A single 2-GS/s channel achieves a measured performance higher than 8.1 ENOB. The two-channel integrated circuit consumes 890 mA per channel from 5- and 2.5-V supplies and occupies an area of 1.6 × 2.0 mm 2 .
Effect of Multilaminate Small Intestinal Submucosa as a Barrier Membrane on Bone Formation in a Rabbit Mandible Defect Model

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A barrier membrane (BM) is essential for guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedures. Absorbable BMs based on collagen have been widely applied clinically due to their excellent biocompatibility. The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides certain advantages that can compensate for the rapid degradation and insufficient mechanical strength of pure collagen membrane due to the porous scaffold structure. Recently, small intestinal submucosa (SIS), one of the most widely used ECM materials, has drawn much attention in bone tissue engineering. In this study, we adopted multilaminate SIS (mSIS) as a BM and evaluated its in vivo and in vitro properties. mSIS exhibited a multilaminate structure with a smooth upper surface and a significantly coarser bottom layer according to microscopic observation. Tensile strength was 13.10 ± 2.56 MPa. In in vivo experiments, we selected a rabbit mandibular defect model and subcutaneous implantation to compare osteogenesis and biodegradation properties with one of the most commonly used commercial collagen membranes. mSIS was retained for up to 3 months and demonstrated longer biodegradation time than commercial collagen membrane. Quantification of bone regeneration revealed significant differences in each group. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) revealed that the quantity and maturity of bones in the mSIS group were significantly higher than those in the blank control group ( P < 0.05) and were similar to those in a commercial collagen membrane group ( P > 0.05) at 4 and 12 weeks after surgery. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed large amounts of mature lamellar bone at 12 weeks in mSIS and commercial collagen membrane groups. Therefore, we conclude that mSIS has potential as a future biocompatible BM in GBR procedures.
Abstract LB-074: Priming the tumor microenvironment with epigenetic modifiers to overcome resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are involved in diverse cellular regulatory mechanisms including functions outside the chromatin environment. Several publications have demonstrated that selective HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) can influence tumor immunogenicity and the functional activity of specific immune cells. In particular, the selective inhibition of HDAC6 has been reported to decrease tumor growth in several malignancies. However, there is still no clarity about the cellular components mediating this effect. In this study, we evaluated the immunological modulation of the HDAC6i Nexturastat A in combination with anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade therapy and the use of this HDAC6i as a priming agent to facilitate the transition of the tumor microenvironment from “cold” to “hot” in order to more specifically augment immune check-point blockade therapies. This combination of Nexturastat A and anti-PD-1 therapy demonstrated a significant reduction of tumor growth in syngeneic melanoma tumor animal models. Additionally, we observed a complete neutralization of the up-regulation of PD-L1 and other immunosuppressive pathways induced by the treatment with anti-PD-1 blockade. This combination also showed that the pre-treatment with selective HDAC6i induced major changes in the tumor microenvironment such as enhanced infiltration of immune cells, increased central and effector T cell memory, and a significant reduction of pro-tumorigenic M2 macrophages. The evaluation of the effect of HDAC6i on individual immune components suggest that the in vivo anti-tumor activity of HDAC6i is mediated by its effect on tumor cells and tumor associated macrophages, and not directly over T cells. Overall, our results indicate that selective HDAC6i could be used as immunological priming agents to sensitize immunologically “cold” tumors and subsequently improve ongoing immune check-point blockade therapies. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Tessa J. Knox, Eva Sahakian, Debarati Banik, Melissa Hadley, Erica Palmer, Jennifer Kim, Satish Noonepalle, John Powers, Maria Gracia-Hernandez, Vasco Oliveira, Fengdong Cheng, Jie Chen, Cyril Barinka, Javier Pinilla-Ibarz, Norman Lee, Alan Kozikowski, Alejandro Villagra. Priming the tumor microenvironment with epigenetic modifiers to overcome resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-074.
Bilateral flexor tendon contracture following onychectomy in 2 cats.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Two cats presented with bilateral flexor tendon contracture following onychectomy. This previously unreported complication proved to be painful and debilitating. Deep digital flexor tenectomy successfully resolved the problem. Twelve months after surgery, the first cat remains free of complications. The second cat recovered full limb function, but died of unrelated causes.
MO‐D‐213‐01: Workflow Monitoring for a High Volume Radiation Oncology Center

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Implement a center wide communication system that increases interdepartmental transparency and accountability while decreasing redundant work and treatment delays by actively monitoring treatment planning workflow. Methods: Intake Management System (IMS), a program developed by ProCure Treatment Centers Inc., is a multi‐function database that stores treatment planning process information. It was devised to work with the oncology information system (Mosaiq) to streamline interdepartmental workflow.Each step in the treatment planning process is visually represented and timelines for completion of individual tasks are established within the software. The currently active step of each patient's planning process is highlighted either red or green according to whether the initially allocated amount of time has passed for the given process. This information is displayed as a Treatment Planning Process Monitor (TPPM), which is shown on screens in the relevant departments throughout the center. This display also includes the individuals who are responsible for each task.IMS is driven by Mosaiq's quality checklist (QCL) functionality. Each step in the workflow is initiated by a Mosaiq user sending the responsible party a QCL assignment. IMS is connected to Mosaiq and the sending or completing of a QCL updates the associated field in the TPPM to the appropriate status. Results: Approximately one patient a week is identified during the workflow process as needing to have his/her treatment start date modified or resources re‐allocated to address the most urgent cases. Being able to identify a realistic timeline for planning each patient and having multiple departments communicate their limitations and time constraints allows for quality plans to be developed and implemented without overburdening any one department. Conclusion: Monitoring the progression of the treatment planning process has increased transparency between departments, which enables efficient communication. Having built‐in timelines allows easy prioritization of tasks and resources and facilitates effective time management.
Experimental Study on the Inhibitory Effect of Organic Phosphonic Acid Compound on Coal Spontaneous Combustion

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The minerals in coal contain a certain amount of metal ions, among which transition metal ions have a catalytic effect on coal spontaneous combustion (CSC). Therefore, the addition of metal ion chelating agent to coal will weaken this catalytic effect, thereby inhibiting CSC. As a class of highly effective metal ion chelating agent, two kinds of organic phosphonic acid compounds (OPAC), 1-Hydroxy Ethylidene-1,1-Diphosphonic Acid (HEDP) and 2-Hydroxyphosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA), were investigated for their inhibitory effect on CSC. First, the low-temperature oxidation experiment was performed on coal samples before and after OPAC treatment. The experimental results show that HEDP and HPAA could reduce CO generation during spontaneous combustion of coal with different metamorphic degrees. Besides, the inhibiting efficiency of HEDP on CSC is higher than that of HPAA. Then, the effects of HEDP and HPAA on the thermal properties of CSC were investigated using synchronous thermal analysis experiment. The experimental results show that HEDP and HPAA could significantly weaken the oxygen adsorption, mass loss, and heat release during the high-temperature oxidation stage of CSC and exhibit the same result that HEDP is better than HPAA. Finally, the reasons for the difference in the inhibitory effects of HEDP and HPAA were analyzed and the inhibition mechanism of them on CSC was revealed via quantum chemical calculation. The results can provide new ideas for preventing CSC and developing new inhibitors.
A potential modification of the γ-evaluation: mapping dose disagreements using γ-vector fields

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This work describes the use of a motion phantom and 1D, 2D, and 3D ion chamber, EBT3 film, electronic portal imaging device (EPID) and FXG gel measurements for dosimetric validation of a stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SBRT) technique in our clinic. Results show good agreement between the measurements and calculated treatment plan dose.
Graphene Oxide Shells on Plasmonic Nanostructures Lead to High-Performance Photovoltaics: A Model Study Based on Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The incorporation of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) into photovoltaic devices can increase light absorption and in turn improve solar cell performance. The graphene oxide-encapsulated gold NPs (Au@GO NPs) are designed and incorporated into photoanodes to demonstrate plasmonic dye-sensitized solar cells. The coupling between GO and the Au NPs has the beneficial effect of extending solar spectral utilization in the long-wavelength portion of the visible spectrum. In addition, GO encapsulation reduces charge recombination on the surface of the NPs and facilitates improved charge transport. As a result, champion devices with plasmonic photoanodes containing Au@GO NPs deliver a power conversion efficiency that reaches 9.1%. This corresponds to an enhancement in photocurrent and power conversion efficiency of 19 and 17%, respectively, compared to control devices.
Differentiated Instruction for Special Needs in Inclusive Schools: A Preliminary Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to develop the instruments used in implementation of differentiated instruction among students in inclusive schools. The method used in this study was integrating between theoretical consideration based on the literatures and empirical evidences from the interview with the teachers of inclusive schools in Yogyakarta. The result of the study showed the need of assessment in several dimensions, both teachers and students. In the teacher's context, the evaluation on the relevant competencies need to ensure the successful process of teaching and learning on special needs students in inclusive schools. The competencies evaluated among teachers contains three dimensions: (1) Readiness to operate the differentiated instruction (2) Understanding on large difference of student's interest; and (3) Decision on the learning method based on student's learning profile. The assessment needed among students was developed by observation form that will be used by teachers to evaluate their students. This form contained the evaluation of student's readiness to receive differentiated instruction in learning process, the evaluations of student's interests, and the evaluation of student's learning style based on Gardner's multiple intelligences theory.
The effects of bilingualism on memory encoding and retrieval in English-Chinese bilinguals.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Research on to the cognitive differences in bilinguals, of languages with similar historical backgrounds, and monolinguals has been ongoing. This study investigated if these established differences, in the working memory, can be extrapolated to a language pair that is dissimilar historically, and to find out if the level of bilingual proficiency had moderating effects on these relationships. Results show that the differences can be extrapolated to English-Chinese bilinguals, and the level of bilingual proficiency had some moderating effects. Interestingly, English-Chinese bilinguals were found to have better executive control and adopt a different lexical selection strategy, implying greater competence in their working memory. English-Chinese bilinguals could have the possibility of having better human memory, as the foundation long-term memory is built on the capacity of the working memory.
Can dark energy evolve to the Phantom?

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Dark energy rapidly evolving from the dustlike state in the close past to the phantomlike state at present has been recently proposed as the best fit for the supernovae Ia data. Assuming that a dark energy component with an arbitrary scalar-field Lagrangian, which has a general dependence on the field itself and its first derivatives, dominates in the flat Friedmann universe, we analyze the possibility of a dynamical transition from the states with w>-1 to those with w
Sex-chromosome chimerism (XXIXY) in hetero-sexual bovine quadruplets.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

雌3頭,雄1頭からなる異性4仔および雌2頭,雄2頭からなる異性4仔の2例について,培養白血球の染色体を分析した結果,いずれの個体にも性染色体のキメラを確認した。例1においては,4仔の雌雄に関係なく雌型細胞が約80%を占め,キメラの程度は4仔問でほぼ同率であった。例2においては,4仔の内の2仔のみ,しかもそれぞれの検査細胞数がわずかであったので,キメラの程度の比較はできなかった。なお2例とも解剖学的および組織学的観察を行うことが出来なかったが,これらの雌牛がフリーマチンである可能性は十分に考えられる。
Mental Health of People with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Potential Interventions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative ailment. It is the most typical type of motor neuron disease seen in adults. The average survival time is 3 to 5 years after diagnosis. ALS patients might suffer from mental illnesses and distress, as they are conscious that their bodies are gradually deteriorating. It is most likely for them to develop mental illnesses immediately before and after diagnosis, as well as throughout the disease’s early stages. This paper reviews previous researches and studies on common mental illnesses in ALS patients, which are depression and anxiety, as well as their effect on patients’ quality of life. It also discusses methods to improve mental conditions of ALS patients, both for people in the vicinity of patients and the patients themselves.
Understanding the role of contrails and contrail cirrus in climate change: a global perspective

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Globally, emissions from aviation affect Earth's climate via complex processes. Contrail cirrus and carbon dioxide emissions are the largest factors contributing to aviation's radiative forcing on climate. Contrail cirrus, like natural cirrus clouds, impacts Earth's climate. Even with the extensive ongoing research, the relative importance of the climate effects of contrails compared to other aviation effects on climate still has major uncertainties requiring further research. Contrail cirrus encompasses linear contrails and the associated cirrus clouds; these are characterized by ice particle properties, e.g., size, concentration, mixing, extinction, ice water content, optical depth, geometrical depth, and cloud coverage. The climate impact of contrails may intensify due to projected increases in air traffic. The radiative forcing from global contrail cirrus has the potential to triple and could reach as much as 160 mW m−2 by 2050. This projection is based on anticipated growth in air traffic and a potential shift to higher altitudes. The future climate impact of contrail cirrus is influenced by factors like the magnitude and geographical spread in air traffic, advancements in fuel efficiency, the effects of the use of alternative fuels, and the effects of the changing climate on the background atmosphere. This study reviews the microphysical processes affecting contrail formation and the aging of contrails and contrail cirrus. Furthermore, the study explores global observational datasets for contrails, current analyses, and future projections and will aid in evaluating the effectiveness and tradeoffs associated with various mitigation strategies. The research highlights gaps in knowledge and uncertainties while outlining research priorities for the future.