jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Keratinocytes can modulate and directly initiate nociceptive responses

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

How thermal, mechanical and chemical stimuli applied to the skin are transduced into signals transmitted by peripheral neurons to the CNS is an area of intense study. Several studies indicate that transduction mechanisms are intrinsic to cutaneous neurons and that epidermal keratinocytes only modulate this transduction. Using mice expressing channelrhodopsin (ChR2) in keratinocytes we show that blue light activation of the epidermis alone can produce action potentials (APs) in multiple types of cutaneous sensory neurons including SA1, A-HTMR, CM, CH, CMC, CMH and CMHC fiber types. In loss of function studies, yellow light stimulation of keratinocytes that express halorhodopsin reduced AP generation in response to naturalistic stimuli. These findings support the idea that intrinsic sensory transduction mechanisms in epidermal keratinocytes can directly elicit AP firing in nociceptive as well as tactile sensory afferents and suggest a significantly expanded role for the epidermis in sensory processing.
Pyrazines III Condensation Des Dihydropyrazines Avec Les Composés Carbonyles: Synthèse De Pyrazines Substituées Et De Dihydro‐6, 7‐5E‐Cyclopenta [b] pyrazines

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Dihydropyrazines have been found to condense easily and in good yields with carbonyl compounds. 2,3‐Dihydropyrazines were treated with aliphatic, terpenic, aromatic and furan aldehydes and with aliphatic and alicyclic ketones leading to trisubstituted pyrazines. When α, β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds are used the formation of 6,7‐dihydro‐5 E ‐cyclopenta [ b ] pyrazines is observed. When autocondensation of α‐aminoacetone is conducted in the presence of aldehydes these compounds react immediately with the intermediate 3,6‐dihydropyrazine to give trisubstituted pyrazines.
Epistatic Interplay between Type IV Secretion Effectors Engages the Small GTPase Rab2 in the Brucella Intracellular Cycle

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Bacterial pathogens with an intracellular lifestyle modulate many host cellular processes to promote their infectious cycle. They do so by delivering effector proteins into host cells via dedicated secretion systems that target specific host functions. While the roles of many individual effectors are known, how their modes of action are coordinated is rarely understood. Here, we show that the zoonotic bacterium Brucella abortus delivers the BspB effector that mitigates the negative effect on bacterial replication that the RicA effector exerts via modulation of the host small GTPase Rab2. These findings provide an example of functional integration between bacterial effectors that promotes proliferation of pathogens.
Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diabetic enteropathy refers to all the gastrointestinal (GI) complications of diabetes, which can affect the entire GI tract. Although GI manifestations, which include dysphagia, dyspepsia, gastroparesis, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, and fecal incontinence, are not uncommon among persons with diabetes in clinical practice, the prevalence of GI manifestations among these people in the community is not substantially higher than in matched control subjects. Some GI disturbances (e.g. delayed gastric emptying) are often asymptomatic. These GI manifestations can not only reduce quality of life and nutrition but also impair glycemic control. They are implicated in GI sensorimotor dysfunctions resulting from extrinsic and intrinsic nerve (i.e. enteric) dysfunction caused by apoptosis, oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products, and neuroimmune mechanisms. In people with diabetes and GI symptoms, the investigations are tailored to the presenting symptoms, require tests to exclude an organic disorder (e.g. gastric outlet obstruction in gastroparesis), to confirm GI sensorimotor dysfunctions (e.g. delayed gastric emptying), and to identify complications (e.g. small intestinal bacterial overgrowth). The management relies primarily upon improving control of glycemia and symptomatic measures.
Study of Japanese encephalitis virus in Chiangmai

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

paper in a six-paper series summarizes the temporal interaction of the important variables of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) epidemiology in the Chiangmai Valley in northern Thailand. Further evidence is presented for the conclusion that JEV transmission to pigs and humans is endemic and occurs throughout the year and that JE epidemics are directly related to increased transmission during the rainy season months. The Chiangmai Valley, with its semitropical climate, apparently shares the epidemiologic patterns of JEV transmission in the epidemic (temperate) and endemic (tropical) JE zones. Evidence is presented suggesting that persons under age 20 who have had prior dengue infections are sometimes protected against the development of Japanese encephalitis; however the proportion protected is probably not large. Analyzing the data without regard to prior dengue exposure reveals that one- to nine-year-olds and 10- to 19-year-olds both produce one JE case for every 300 inapparent JEV infections. arbovirus infections; dengue; encephalitis, Japanese B; epidemiologic methods Previous papers in this series have de- wild animals (3), and mosquitoes (4). In scribed important components of the epi- this final paper we attempt to summarize demiology of Japanese encephalitis virus how these components may interact, and (JEV) in the Chiangmai Valley, Thailand, then address the question of whether clini-during 1970. These components include cal JEV infections in Chiangmai Valley JEV infections in man (1, 2), domestic and residents were modified by previous dengue virus infections.
Critical position of fatigue damage within asphalt pavement considering temperature and strain distribution

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The fatigue properties of the asphalt pavement layer are influenced significantly by different strain levels and temperatures. This research investigated the critical fatigue position within the asphalt pavement layer considering the couple effects of strain levels and temperatures. Firstly, field tests were conducted to measure the typical temperature distribution of the asphalt pavement layer. Secondly, laboratory four-point beam fatigue test and dynamic modulus test were applied to evaluate the fatigue life and the dynamic modulus of the asphalt mixture, respectively. Based on the results of field and laboratory tests, the distributions of strain and fatigue damage within the asphalt layer at different temperature conditions were calculated. It was found that the fatigue life of asphalt mixture decreased with the rising strain level but increased with the rising temperature. The critical fatigue position in the flexible pavement changed from 5 to 20 cm when the pavement temperature condition varied from high to medium/low. In terms of the semi-rigid pavement, this position varied between 6 and 12 cm at different temperature conditions. In addition, the fatigue damage within the semi-rigid pavement at high temperature was found to be as noticeable as that at medium/low temperatures. Thus, the fatigue properties of the asphalt layer at higher temperatures need to be carefully evaluated as well.
[Sensitivity of HIV infection screening assays in 2001].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Early detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is critical for clinical diagnosis and treatment of patients, as well as for ensuring the safety of blood products. Recently, fourth-generation HIV screening assays have been developed with the objective to offer an increased sensitivity by combining detection of anti-HIV antibodies (Ab) with detection of the p24 viral antigen (Ag). Eight different HIV assays commercially available in France (five fourth-generation HIV screening assays and three third-generation HIV Ab-only assays) were compared in a broad number of seroconversion panels (n = 27). This extensive analysis highlights: 1) the importance of p24 Ag detection for early diagnosis; 2) the improved sensitivity of fourth-generation assays over Ab-only tests. In conclusion, these results emphasize the detection limitations of the different assays and suggest improvements for future HIV screening assays.
Working with migrant domestic workers in Lebanon (1980-2012): a mapping of NGO services

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The guide provides an overview of the work of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) with migrant domestic workers (MDWs) in Lebanon. It traces the history of NGO involvement with MDWs since the early 1980s to explore the approaches underlying NGO interventions and partnerships.

Further to this analytical component, the report includes a directory of the services currently available to MDWs across Lebanon. This guide is searchable by service type and by the geographical location of the service. Finally, the appendices provide the contact information for these organizations and a full listing of the publications produced by the latter.
Area-level factors influencing geographical distribution of myopia prevalence among school-aged children and adolescents in Northwest China.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

There are notable differences in the prevalence of myopia in children and adolescents between northern and southern Xinjiang of northwest China, where socioeconomic circumstances and geo-environmental factors differ greatly. The influencing factors identified in our study may be key area-level intervention targets for myopia control in public health policy.
The intervention effect of local alcohol licensing policies on hospital admission and crime: a natural experiment using a novel Bayesian synthetictime-series method

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background Control of alcohol licensing at local government level is a key component of alcohol policy in England. There is, however, only weak evidence of any public health improvement. We used a novel natural experiment design to estimate the impact of new local alcohol licensing policies on hospital admissions and crime. Methods We used Home Office licensing data (2007–2012) to identify (1) interventions: local areas where both a cumulative impact zone and increased licensing enforcement were introduced in 2011; and (2) controls: local areas with neither. Outcomes were 2009–2015 alcohol-related hospital admissions, violent and sexual crimes, and antisocial behaviour. Bayesian structural time series were used to create postintervention synthetic time series (counterfactuals) based on weighted time series in control areas. Intervention effects were calculated from differences between measured and expected trends. Validation analyses were conducted using randomly selected controls. Results 5 intervention and 86 control areas were identified. Intervention was associated with an average reduction in alcohol-related hospital admissions of 6.3% (95% credible intervals (CI) −12.8% to 0.2%) and to lesser extent with a reduced in violent crimes, especially up to 2013 (–4.6%, 95% CI −10.7% to 1.4%). There was weak evidence of an effect on sexual crimes up 2013 (–8.4%, 95% CI −21.4% to 4.6%) and insufficient evidence of an effect on antisocial behaviour as a result of a change in reporting. Conclusion Moderate reductions in alcohol-related hospital admissions and violent and sexual crimes were associated with introduction of local alcohol licensing policies. This novel methodology holds promise for use in other natural experiments in public health.
SPEECH DISORDER OF STUTTERING CHARACTER IN "ROCKET SCIENCE" MOVIE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

AbstractStuttering is a speech disorder in which repetition and prolongation of syllables, sound, and phrase interfere with fluency. Someone who experiences stuttering will have a hard time to start the word because of disruption in repetition, vocals and articulation involve the throat, palate, tongue, lips, and teeth. Stuttering may be worse when the person is excited, tired or under stress, or when feeling self-conscious, hurried or pressured. A situation such as speaking in front of a group or talking to the phone can be particularly difficult for people who stutter. As a reflection of real life, a movie can also contain the phenomena of stuttering such as in Rocket Science movies. This research aimed to describe the types of stuttering and also the consequences of being stuttering in social life that experienced by Hal Hefner in Rocket Science movies. This research was conducted by using content analysis qualitative method. The data were generated from movie and movie script in the form of utterances, dialogues, words, and conversations. The result of this research shows that there are ninety-five data which are indicated as the types of stuttering experienced by Hal Hefner in Rocket Science movie. Besides, it was also found the consequences of being stuttering in social life experienced by Hal Hefner in the movie. The researcher shows that there are twelve data of consequences that the researcher found in the movie. The most common consequence that the researcher found in the film is fear to talk. AbstrakGagap adalah gangguan berbicara yang mana terjadinya pengulangan dan perpanjangan suku kata, suara, dan frasa yang dapat menganggu kefasihan. Seseorang yang mengalami gagap akan mengalami kesulitan untuk memulai kata karena gangguan dalam pengulangan, vokal, dan artikulasi yang melibatkan tenggorokan, langit-langit mulut, lidah bibir, dan gigi. Gagap akan lebih buruk ketika bersemangat, lelah atau dibawah tekanan, atau ketika merasa sadar diri, tergesa-gesa atau tertekan. Situasi ketika berbicara didepan kelompok atau berbicara di telepon dapat menjadi sangat sulit bagi orang yag gagap. Sebagai cerminan dari dunia nyata, sebuah film juga mengandung fenomena kegagapan seperti dalam film Rocket Science. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis gagap dan juga konsekuensi dari kegagapan dalam kehidupan sosial yang dialami oleh Hal Hefner dalam film Rocket Science. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis isi kualitatif. Data dihasilkan dari skrip film dan film dalam bentuk ucapan, dialog, kata-kata dan percakapan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa ada Sembilan puluh lima data yang diidentifikasi sebagai jenis gagap yang dialami oleh Hal Hefner dalam film Rocket Science. Selain itu, ditemukan juga konsekuensi kegagapan dalam kehidupan sosial yang dialami Hal Hefner dalam film tersebut. Peneliti menunjukkan bahwa ada dua belas data dari konsekuensi yang ditemukan oleh peneliti di dalam film. Konsekuensi yang paling banyak ditemukan dalam film tersebut adalah takut untuk berbicara.
Inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol can differentially modulate gene expression in Dictyostelium.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We have previously shown that several genes expressed during Dictyostelium development could be induced in shaking culture by exogenous cAMP, even though the accumulation of intracellular cAMP was inhibited. The use of selected cAMP analogs indicated that the exogenous cAMP functioned by activating the cell surface cAMP receptor and not by interacting with the regulatory subunit of the intracellular cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Although some genes in Dictyostelium appear to be regulated by intracellular cAMP, these data suggest that this is not the case for all genes regulated by cAMP. Intracellular second messengers other than cAMP may, therefore, promote the expression of these other genes. Here, we have examined inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol as candidates for such mediators of signal transduction. We have studied three genes that exhibit disparate modes of temporal and spatial expression during development of Dictyostelium. In shaking cultures, maximal levels of expression of each are dependent on the accumulation of or exposure to extracellular cAMP. We show that the addition of inositol trisphosphate and/or diacylglycerol to cells in shaking culture has distinct effects on the expression of each gene and, under specific conditions, can bypass the requirement for extracellular cAMP. These data suggest that extracellular cAMP interacting with its cell surface receptor may promote synthesis of inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol to regulate gene expression and aspects of differentiation in Dictyostelium.
Freedom to Learn to Teach

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

they learned to read music, play the recorder and guitar, and expand their musicianship. This methods course, taken at the end of the college students' junior year, helped each student apply his or her musicianship to t e elementary classroom. Philosophy of music education was covered, as were relevant psychological learning theories. Lesson planning was a major emphasis, particularly in reference to singing, listening, moving, and creating in the classroom. Music theory was explained as needed, although content was assumed; many students were transfers from junior colleges, so added explanations and individual conferences were often given. Many model lessons were presented by both the instructor and the students, and these lessons were critiqued. A continuing project during the term involved the students in observing the instructor as he taught children in the laboratory school. College students, near the end of the term, selected a grade level and then taught the children music in small teams. All in all, such a system worked adequately. Students indeed met my objectives and became competent music specialists or cla sroom teachers. Yet, I felt, the openness and true professionalism I desired were not present. For one, I, the instructor, still domiated the classroom. I set the course limits, determined the order of presentation, and was the final judge of each person's competency and grade. The focus of the classroom was always on me, even if someone else were teaching. As the students presented their sample lessons and encouraged their colleagues to participate in roleplaying, most classes politely endured the exercises-never offering glowing praise for excellence nor criticism for poor presentations. The ultimate critique was always left The author, a visiting lecturer at Torrens College of Advanced Education, Adelaide, South Australia, will return to the United States later this year.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Survival in Stage III Colon Cancer: Findings from CALGB/SWOG 80702 (Alliance)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Figure S2. Dose-response relationship and test of linearity for the hazard ratio (HR) of disease-free survival (A), overall survival (B), and time to recurrence (C) by continuous predicted vitamin D scores, with reference of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D set at 12 ng/ml</p>
Suveranitatea Republicii Moldova între război şi pace / Sovereignty of the Republic of Moldova between war and peace

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article is dedicated to the analysis of the premises, causes, content and impact of the 1992 war to defend the independence and territorial integrity of the Republic of Moldova, the effect of the Moldovan-Russian Agreement of 21.07.1992 on the principles of peaceful settlement of the armed conflict in the Transnistrian region of Moldova. The paper presents the chronology of historical and geopolitical events related to Bessarabia, annexed in 1812 by the Russian Empire, occupied by the Red Army of the USSR according to the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact of August 1939, was subject to armed rebellion in 1990-1992, period of disintegration. of the Soviet Union and the self-determination of the Republic of Moldova as a sovereign and independent state.
Rhode Island Poll: 88006--Politics/Elections

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Participation in upcoming elections (1); vote in upcoming elections (3); past week's viewing of evening news (4); Senatorial candidate's television commercials (2); newspaper readership (1); Rhode Island economy (2); personal financial situation (2); 1984 presidential election (2); Rhode Island government (2); Ronald Reagan job performance (1); John Chafee job performance (1); Edward DiPrete job performance (1); political issues (9); U.S. tax reform legislation (6); party responsibility for reforms (1); laissez-faire (2); federal budget deficit (2).
Inverse relationship between patient peripheral blood CD34+ cell counts and collection efficiency for CD34+ cellsin two automated leukapheresis systems

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to analyze the CD34 cell collection efficiency (CE) of automated leukapheresis protocols of two blood cell separators (Spectra, COBE [AutoPBSC protocol] and AS104, Fresenius [PBSC‐Lym, protocol]) for peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) harvest in patients with malignant diseases. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: PBPCs were collected by the Spectra AutoPBSC protocol in 95 patients (123 collections) and the AS104 PBSC‐Lym protocol in 87 patients (115 harvests). Patients underwent a median of one (range, 1‐4) conventional‐volume apheresis procedure of 10.8 L (9.0‐13.9) to obtain a target cell dose of ≥2.5 × 10 6 CD34+ cells per kg. RESULTS: The median overall CD34 CE was significantly better on the AS104 than on the Spectra: 55.8 percent versus 42.4 percent (p = 0.000). This was also true below (59.2% vs. 50.1%; p = 0.022) and above (51.2% vs. 41.3%; p = 0.001) the preleukapheresis threshold of 40 CD34+ cells per μL needed to collect a single‐apheresis autograft. However, at ≥40 circulating CD34+ cells per μL, both cell separators achieved the target of ≥2.5 × 10 6 CD34+ cells per kg. The CD34 CE dropped significantly, from 59.2 percent at <40 cells per μL to 51.2 percent at ≥40 cells per μL on the AS104 (p = 0.017) and from 50.1 percent to 41.3 percent on the Spectra (p = 0.033). CONCLUSION: Whereas the CD34 CE was significantly different with the AS104 and the Spectra, the CD34 CE of both machines correlated inversely with peripheral blood CD34+ cell counts, showing a significant decline with increasing numbers of circulating CD34+ cells. Nevertheless, at ≥40 preapheresis CD34+ cells per μL, sufficient hematopoietic autografts of ≥2.5 × 10 6 CD34+ cells per kg were harvested by a single conventional‐volume (11 L) leukapheresis on both cell separators.
PAM4 baseband demodulation circuit for mmWave communication

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

High speed data links with low jitter and large bandwidth are essential for millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications. In this paper, an analog-domain 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) baseband demodulation circuit with low data jitter and ultrahigh data rate was designed. In order to suppress the jitter caused by inter-symbol interference (ISI), a local feedback loop was introduced to extend the bandwidth of threshold slicer. A novel clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit architecture was proposed and optimized to extract the clock pulses with low jitter, thus improving the recovered data quality. A symmetric decoder performs an XOR logic operation to recover the least significant bit (LSB) of PAM4 signal, while the most significant bit (MSB) can be directly obtained from the middle-lane after retiming. The whole demodulation circuit was optimized based on IHP 130nm SiGe BiCMOS technology, and the simulation results indicate that our designed circuit can decode single-channel 50 Gbit/s PAM4 data streams into two 25 Gbit/s NRZ signals, and the peak-to-peak jitter is less than 0.1 UI.