jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Urban Reclamation and Regeneration in Seoul, South Korea

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Since the turn of the twenty-first century, Seoul, South Korea, pur sued a bold new experiment in urban regeneration. This has principally involved reclaiming urban space given to the automobile in the post-Korean War era. Through the leadership of Myung-Bak Lee, former mayor of Seoul and now president of South Korea, the city has sought to strike a balance between transport infrastructure as a mobility provider and public space as an urban amenity. In good part this has been motivated by a desire to be globally competitive with the likes of Hong Kong, Shanghai, and other tigers of East Asia's rapidly growing economy by emphasizing quality of life every bit as much as mobility and large-scale infrastructure development.
Tax Havens and Effective Tax Rates: An Analysis of Private versus Public European Firms

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We examine the impact of tax haven operations on the effective corporate tax burdens of publicly listed and privately held firms domiciled in Europe. In particular, we consider how European firms' tax haven operations interact with factors such as listing status and home-country tax reporting systems to determine the relative tax burdens of publicly listed and private firms. Our main empirical results show that tax haven operations are associated with lower effective tax rates for both private and public firms, and that the impact of tax havens in lowering effective tax rates is more pronounced for private firms than for public firms. Home country characteristics are also important determinants of effective tax rates for both private and public firms with tax havens. Given that firms use tax havens as tax avoidance mechanism in lowering tax burdens regardless of their listing status, regulatory and tax enforcement bodies should focus on private as well as public firms.
Metriogryllacris (Metriogryllacris) amitarum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Metriogryllacris (Metriogryllacris) amitarum species group Diagnosis. Tegmina slightly shortened, but obviously longer than pronotum. Hooks of male ninth abdominal tergite pressed each other, immobile, its apices directing ventrad. Female seventh abdominal tergite with transverse fold covering unpaired depression; subgenital plate not fused with the preceding sternite, with 1 pair of tubercles. (51) Metriogryllacris (Metriogryllacris) amitarum (Griffini, 1914) (黑背姬蟋•) Gryllacris amitarum: Griffini, 1914a. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 38: 100; Karny, 1930a. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 44: 47. Metriogryllacris amitarum: Karny, 1937. Genera Insectorum, 206: 106; Jin & Xia, 1994. Journal of Orthoptera Research, 3:17; Gorochov, 2004. Entomological Review, 84(8): 904; Kim & Pham, 2014. Zootaxa, 3811(1): 68; Ingrisch, 2018. Zootaxa, 4510(1): 216; Cadena-Castañeda, 2019. Zootaxa, 4605(1): 76. Kind of type: syntype; Type locality: Northern Vietnam (Tonkin: Than Moi and Montes Mauson); Location of type specimen: NMW. Distribution. Fujian?, Guangdong (Fengkai), Guangxi (Xing'an), Hunan (Zhangjiajie); Vitenam.
The Synergistic Effects of Antimicrobial Peptides on the Growth Inhibition ofSalmonellaTyphimurium through Imd Pathway inDrosophilaIntestine

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Some Bacillus species present in fermented foods are regarded as probiotics because of their ability to modulate the prevention of some intestinal infections and the modulation of the inflammatory immune response. We isolated bacteriocin-like substances producing Bacillus subtilis and B. lentus from Cheonggukjang, a traditional Korean fermented soybean paste having an inhibitory effect against Salmonella Typhimurium using a well diffusion inhibition assay and a broth co-culturing method. B. subtilis or B. letus was fed to Drosophila melanogaster alone as well as in combination with Salmonella Typhimurium and survival was monitored daily. The survival rates by oral feeding B. subtilis, B. lentus and Salmonella Typhimurium separately resulted in 85, 90 and 75%, respectively. In contrast, survival rates of co-feeding of B. lentus with Salmonella Typhimurium were increased from 75 to 90% during 7 days post-feeding as compared to Salmonella Typhimurium alone. However, B. subtilis in co-feeding with Salmonella Typhimurium significantly reduced D. melanogaster survival rate (85 to 70%). We found that the immune response to B. lentus and Salmonella Typhimurium is characterized synergistic activation of antimicrobial peptide gene expression by Imd pathway. In conclusion, the in vitro and natural-route infection of the D. melanogaster digestive system can result in the use of the probiotic B. lentus for effective treatment of Salmonella Typhimurium infection. We therefore propose the strain B. lentus as a suitable candidate probiotics for use in the prevention and treatment of the intestinal infections caused by Salmonella Typhimurium.
Effect of Probiotic Supplements on the Oral Microbiota—A Narrative Review

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Data from systematic reviews and meta-analyses show that probiotics positively impact clinical parameters of oral diseases such as gingivitis, dental caries, and periodontitis. However, the working mechanism of probiotics is not fully understood, but is hypothesized to be mediated by direct and indirect interactions with the oral microbiota and the human host. In the present narrative review, we focused on the microbiological effect of probiotic supplements based on data retrieved from randomized clinical trials (RCTs). In addition, we assessed to what extent contemporary molecular methods have been employed in clinical trials in the field of oral probiotics. Multiple RCTs have been performed studying the potential effect of probiotics on gingivitis, dental caries, and periodontitis, as evaluated by microbial endpoints. In general, results are conflicting, with some studies reporting a positive effect, whereas others are not able to record any effect. Major differences in terms of study designs and sample size, as well as delivery route, frequency, and duration of probiotic consumption, hamper comparison across studies. In addition, most RCTs have been performed with a limited sample size using relatively simple methods for microbial identification, such as culturing, qPCR, and DNA–DNA checkerboard, while high-throughput methods such as 16S sequencing have only been employed in a few studies. Currently, state-of-the-art molecular methods such as metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and metaproteomics have not yet been used in RCTs in the field of probiotics. The present narrative review revealed that the effect of probiotic supplements on the oral microbiota remains largely uncovered. One important reason is that most RCTs are performed without studying the microbiological effect. To facilitate future systematic reviews and meta-analyses, an internationally agreed core outcome set for the reporting of microbial endpoints in clinical trials would be desirable. Such a standardized collection of outcomes would most likely improve the quality of probiotic research in the oral context.
Identification of Key Components for a new Urban Food Strategy – Results of a Delphi Study in Cologne, Germany

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Urban food systems consist of many stakeholders with different perspectives, different interests and different governance tools. This study aimed at developing potential future scenarios for the food system of Cologne by analysing the system with a Delphi approach. In our research-design, the suitability of the Delphi-method was evaluated not only as a tool for future modelling and scenario design, but also as a communication tool among the group of participants on a multistakeholder- platform. As a case study, the Food Policy Council of Cologne, Germany was used. Cologne can be seen as a forerunner among German cities in the development of a new urban food policy. Some of the successful steps to re-envisioning food as an urban system include joining the Milan Urban Food Policy Pact, the decision of the City Council to become an edible city and the establishment of a Food Policy Council. For the study it was important to capture participants’ visions of a common goal regarding the governance of the urban food system and also to identify mental ‘silos’. It was obvious that the municipality of Cologne together with the Food Policy Council made great efforts towards participatory processes to build a vision for a sustainable and regional food supply. However, many stakeholder-groups in the process still work exclusively among themselves and do not actively practice the confrontation with the viewpoints of other relevant groups. This supports the maintenance of ‘silos’ and leaves little room for face-to-face discussions. Therefore, the primary aim of this study is to explore key components of food provisioning in the future for Cologne while confronting all stakeholders (municipal administration and politicians, farmers and food activists) with the perspectives of all group members. We used a multi-stakeholder Delphi approach with 19 panellists to find out essential components of the municipal regional food provisioning system in Cologne. Unique in this Delphi study is the bringing together of municipal administration, regional urban farmers and food activists. The research is still on-going, but preliminary results show that more communication among all relevant actors, especially horizontally among different city departments, in the urban food system is needed.
CHARACTERIZATION OF A Hrp' MUTANT FROM AN OLIVE-STRAIN OF PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE SUBSP, SAVASTANOI

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Olive-strain ITM317 of Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi, the causal agent of Olive and Oleander knot disease, has been mutagenized by random Tn5 insertion. Among 1,300 kanamycin-resistant mutants screened for their ability to induce a hypersensitive reaction on tobacco and disease symptoms on olive, mutant ITM317 -1194, altered in both of the above phenotypes, has been isolated. Further characterization of this mutant suggests that a gene distinct from the hrp gene cluster of the related P.s. pv. syringae seems to be essential for a successful interaction of P. s. subsp. savastanoi and olive.
[Participation in art and cultural activities has a positive effect on somatic illnesses].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The increasing international research into the use of arts and cultural activities in clinical contexts documents a number of beneficial effects in relation to many illness and diagnoses. A systematic review has identified a large number of studies documenting that art, culture and creative activities can have a positive effect on both mental and physical health. In this article, selected results are presented with the purpose of drawing attention to the possibilities for non-pharmacological methods, which are increasingly available, also in Denmark.
How Social Determinants of Health Shape Parental Concern and Teacher Recognition of Student Speech-Language Needs

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite the importance of receiving speech-language therapy for educational outcomes, the role of language in all subject learning, and parental language complexity as a hypothesized mechanism for reproducing educational inequalities, there is a surprising lack of attention to speech-language issues within sociology. The authors link theories from sociology of education and medical sociology and use the prospective longitudinal nationally representative UK Millennium Cohort Study to examine the roles that social determinants of health, teacher bias, and parental concern play in teacher recognition of speech-language needs in early childhood, net of a measure of speech-language ability. Although social determinants affect ability, there is little evidence of bias in teacher recognition once controlling for said ability, with the exception of lower recognition of female speech-language needs. However, social determinants also drive whether parents are concerned about their children’s speech-language ability, which has a striking association with teacher recognition for both under- and overperforming children.
Topochemical induction to an alternating zigzag-linear and "syndiotactic" chain structure in the course of [2+2] photoreaction of alkyl .alpha.-cyano-4-[2-(2-pyridyl)ethenyl]cinnamate crystals

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTopochemical induction to an alternating zigzag-linear and "syndiotactic" chain structure in the course of [2+2] photoreaction of alkyl .alpha.-cyano-4-[2-(2-pyridyl)ethenyl]cinnamate crystalsChan Moon Chung, Akira Kunita, Keiichi Hayashi, Fumihiko Nakamura, Kazuhiko Saigo, and Masaki HasegawaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 19, 7316–7322Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00019a032Request reuse permissionsArticle Views176Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (872 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Analysis of the Coordination Degree of the Society, Economy, Resources and Environment in ShenFu Coal Mining Area

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper takes Shen fu mining area as the study object, established a set of integrated evaluative index system of the society, economy, resources and environment. With the coordination degree evaluation, it can be done to analyze quantitatively the mutual coordinated development level among society, economy, resources and environment in Shen fu mining area from 2000 to 2006. The results show that (1) the overall trend of the coordinated development of the society, economy, resources and the environment was improving year by year in Shen fu mining area, particularly, the coordinated development of the society, economy, and resources has achieved a higher level; (2) the significant development of socio-economy had little effect to the improvement of the environmental health; (3) the development and utilization of resources is incompatible with the environmental health, moreover, the relationship between them was wores and wores, it has become the key restricted factor of the coordinated development of the society, economy, resources and the environment in Shen fu mining area. This passage presents several corresponding measures.
Pericardial disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Echocardiography is the cornerstone for the diagnosis of pericardial disease. It is a portable technique allowing morphological and functional multimodality (M-mode, two-dimensional, Doppler, and tissue Doppler) imaging of pericardial disease. In addition, echocardiography is essential for differential diagnosis (pericardial effusion vs pleural effusion, constrictive pericarditis vs restrictive cardiomyopathy) and allows bedside guiding of pericardiocentesis. This chapter describes normal pericardial anatomy and reviews echocardiographic features of different pericardial diseases and their pathophysiology, including pericarditis, pericardial effusion, constrictive pericarditis, pericardial cyst, and congenital absence of pericardium.
Parental Choice in the Buenos Aires Bilingual School Market

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The issue of parental choice of school for their child has been a topical one in many contexts worldwide, and work has been undertaken in a number of national contexts to investigate the many factors at work in influencing such choice. This article considers parental choice within the specific context of bilingual (Spanish/ English) schools in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and, on the basis of questionnaires and interviews with parents in two such schools, draws conclusions about the factors which lead to a particular school being selected for the education of children in this context.
A Case Report of Implant Prosthesis in Partially Edentulous Maxilla and Mandible

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

症例の概要：60歳女性が義歯の違和感と審美障害を主訴に来院した．上顎の欠損部にはインプラント支台の固定性上部構造を装着し，下顎両側遊離端欠損部にはインプラント支台の磁性アタッチメントを用いた可撤性上部構造を装着した．考察：定期的なメインテナンスにおいてインプラントの動揺や骨吸収などは観察されず，経過良好であり，患者が満足する機能および審美性の改善が得られた．またインプラントによる咬合支持が確保できたことで，上下顎残存歯も経過良好である．結論：上下顎多数歯欠損の補綴治療においてインプラント補綴により患者の高い満足度が得られた．
TEXTILE DYE BIOREMEDIATION POTENTIAL OF SOME RHIZOBIAL STRAINS AND THEIR HEAVY-METAL AND HIGH SALINITY TOLERANCE

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The discharge of untreated textile dye effluents enriched with toxic pollutants including dyes, heavy metals and other hazardous materials may cause negative impacts on the entire ecosystem. The proposed work aimed to isolate, molecularly identify and characterize the native rhizobial strains with textile dye biodegradation potential in relation with their tolerance to high salinity and heavy metals (usually meet in high concentrations in the textile dye effluents). Native rhizobial strains were isolated from various terrestrial ecosystems originated in Danube – Delta Biosphere Reserve. Most of the strains tolerated ≥ 2.0% NaCl. Our data showed that 3 strains (Agrobacterium sp.CR-B19; Rhizobium giardinii CR- B22 and Ensifer sp.CR-B26) were able to tolerate 15 ppm concentration of cadmium (Cd2+), whereas all strains identified as Rhizobium sp. (except R. leguminosarum CR-B10), and Agrobacterium sp. could tolerate 70 ppm of chromium (Cr6+).. Moreover, 3 indigenous strains (Rhizobium giardinii CR-B13; Rhizobium sp.CR-B15 and Agrobacterium sp. CR-B19) tolerated a concentration of 200 ppm of lead (Pb2+). In regard to azo-dye degrading potential, only Rhizobium leguminosarum CR-B10 was able to degrade the Reactive Orange 16 dye (90.18% decolorization) in stationary conditions, at 30°C. Comparatively, Agrobacterium sp. CR - B19 strain removed Reactive Orange 16 (sulphonic azo-dye) (78.92 % decolorization) and Reactive Blue 4 (antraquinonic dye) (12 % decolorization) by adsorbtion. Based on their bioremediation potential, the newly isolated rhizobial strains could be further used (in pure culture or in consortia) to develop a new environmental friendly and cost–effective biotechnology in order to reduce the toxicity of textile dyes effluents.
Correlation Analysis of Nodular Sonographic Measurements with Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common thyroid carcinoma, which is prone to cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM). We aim to analyze the correlation between clinical information, ultrasonic (US) measurements of PTC and CLNM. Methods A total of 1335 patients who underwent thyroidectomy and had pathologically confirmed unifocal PTC were enrolled in the retrospective research. Univariate analysis and logistic analysis were performed to predict CLNM in PTC. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance. Results Univariate analysis showed that gender, age, tumour maximum diameter and volume, cross-sectional and longitudinal aspect ratio were related to CLNM (P<0.05). Logistic analysis showed that gender, age, tumour maximum diameter and volume were independent correlative factors. The ROC curve was established based on the correlative factors screened by regression analysis. The AUC of the tumour maximum diameter and volume was 0.738 and 0.733, respectively. ANOVA variance analysis on positive and negative group, tumour maximum diameter and volume, cross-sectional and longitudinal aspect ratio had statistical significance (P < 0.05). Conclusion Independent correlative factors for CLNM in patients with unifocal PTC were younger age, male, larger tumour. For tumour with larger volume, central, lateral or both lymph node metastasis should be checked in advance, it would rule as a guidance to perform FNA for CLNM before surgery.
Expression of the S glycoprotein of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) in transgenic potato and its immunogenicity in mice

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Transgenic plants have been tested as an alternative host for the production and delivery of experimental oral vaccines.Here, we developed transgenic potatoes that express the major antigenic sites A and D of the glycoprotein S from transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV-S 0.7 ) under three expression vector systems.The DNA integration and mRNA expression level of the TGEV-S 0.7 gene were confirmed in transgenic plants by PCR and northern blot analysis.Antigen protein expression in transgenic potato was determined by western blot analysis.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results revealed that based on a dilution series of Escherichia coli-derived antigen, the transgenic line P-2 had TGEV-S 0.7 protein at levels that were 0.015% of total soluble proteins.We then examined the immunogenicity of potato-derived TGEV-S 0.7 antigen in mice.Compared with the wild-type potato treated group and synthetic antigen treated group, mice treated with the potato-derived antigen showed significantly higher levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA responses.
Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Dividend Payout Ratio dan Inflasi Terhadap Harga Saham

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The presence of the capital market in Indonesia is marked by the number of investors who purchase shares of entities that are registered in the capital market. The purpose of this research is to examine and analyze the effect of profitability, dividend payout ratio and inflation on share prices in consumer goods entities listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2018. This type of research is quantitative. The population of this study is 41 consumer goods companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2014- 2018, the sample of this study is 17 companies x 5 years = 85 samples. The data analysis method of this research is to use multiple linear regression with SPSS. The results of this study are Profitability has a significant and significant effect on stock prices, while Dividend Payout Ratio and inflation have no effect on Stock Prices, and simultaneously Profitability, Dividend Payout Ratio and inflation have a significant and significant effect on Share Prices in Consumer Goods Entities listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. 2014-2018.