jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Prospects and Challenges in the Study of New Age Tourism: A Critical Commentary

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The New Age phenomenon is a marginal unknown in tourism studies, despite its inclusion under the broader umbrella of religious tourism, and various attempts to conceptualize it as a form of New Age tourism. It offers an opportunity for researchers in the field to study a large part of a society that is neither separate from, nor necessarily included in, categories of religion. In this review article, Pernecky and Poulston challenge typical tourism approaches to segmenting markets into discrete groups, and work with the premise that if approached through an understanding of social, cultural, political, and spiritual contexts, New Age is a fertile capping term for a phenomenon that shapes the global mind change, shifting values, understandings, and behaviors in the world. To address broader concerns, the authors provide both a critical review of existing definitions and conceptualizations of the New Age phenomenon and an historical foundation for both the phenomenon and the term. Pernecky and Poulston also highlight potential pitfalls in the study of the New Age concept, and present a complex set of challenges for tourism researchers, students, and practitioners who may be tempted by etic framings of the subject. In that light, the authors emphasize the need for emic approaches, that is, those which painstakingly and demonstrably acknowledge the perspectives, viewpoints, and experiences of the actors involved, which they argue are more richly suited for understanding “New Agers.” Importantly, the review article presents the New Age movement and concept not only as a singular “special interest group,” but as a context of noteworthy conceptual value, as touristic objects, places, and experiences indeed play a vital role in the constitution of meaning and interpretation—that is, in the worldmaking processes of our time. (Abstract by Reviews Editor)
A framework based on an input-yield model for greenhouse optimisation for varying environmental conditions

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Localised food production in closed-environment agriculture, particularly greenhouses, ensures year-round food availability but requires resource optimisation, especially in arid climates. Therefore, this study proposes a framework based on an analytical input-yield model that dynamically determines the electricity, water, light, and CO2 requirements, along with the estimated yield, hourly throughout the crop's growth cycle. Furthermore, the framework is optimised to determine the decision variables that lead to the most cost-effective yield. Results from the study indicate the optimal decision variables: Al Ruwais as the preferred location, glass as the covering material, day and night temperatures set at 24 °C and 18 °C, plant density of 3.7 plants m−2, 80 % relative humidity, and CO2 concentration of 1050 ppm, lead to a yield of $2.70 kg−1. Moreover, parametric analysis demonstrates that greenhouse temperature and CO2 have the most significant impact on the yield. The overall results establish the potential for cost-effective food production in arid climates by optimising the greenhouse parameters. The proposed framework is flexible as it can be used to determine optimum parameters for food production across different geographical locations and climatic conditions.

Other Information

Published in: Energy Conversion and Management: X
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
See article on publisher's website: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100555
Evaluation of the effects of gradual increases in intra-abdominal pressure on blood pressure in a patient undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Backgrounds Gallbladder stones are a common health problem in developed countries, and the laparoscopic surgical method is widely used for treatment. It is important to identify surgical techniques that can reduce complications during and after surgery. Methods This study included 100 patients, with 50 in the intervention group who underwent surgery with stepwise increased intra-abdominal pressure, and 50 in the control group who had surgery with 15 mmHg pressure. Demographic information was recorded, and hemodynamic changes during surgery and postoperative complications were documented. Data was compared using independent t-tests, ANOVA, and Chi-square tests. Results The results of our study showed that the intervention group had significantly more stable mean heart rate and blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure) during surgery compared to the control group. The intervention group also had significantly lower frequency of nausea, mean pain, and administration of the analgesic Pethidine during recovery. However, there were no significant differences between the two study groups in mean arterial oxygen saturation during surgery, duration of hospital stay in recovery, frequency of vomiting, and headache. Conclusion Based on our findings, it is recommended to increase intra-abdominal pressure using the stepwise method employed in our study for all patients undergoing cholecystectomy. This can help achieve hemodynamic stability during surgery, reduce pain in patients, and improve the overall quality of treatment.
Risk Assessment - Factors Likely to Affect System Implementation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

8-9 February 2005 This paper looks at the connection between system failure and a lack of investment in education and training. It reviews the evidence, starting with a Report by the Royal Academy of Engineering and the British Computer Society, The Challenges of Complex IT Project (2004). It then goes on to consider why education and training is such a low priority. The conclusion is that the National Programme for IT will not succeed unless resources are ring fenced for education and training.
Risk assessment from exposure to chemical contaminants in food

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

There was investigated the impact of chemical substances contained in the public health foodstuffs in eight regions of the Republic of Tatarstan on 11 product groups: meat and meat products, fish and fish products, milk and dairy products, bread and bakery products, sugar and confectionery products, vegetables and melons (excluding potatoes), potatoes, fruits and berries, vegetable oil, eggs and egg products, salt. In total there were analyzed more than 240 thousand samples offood raw materials andfood products over the period offrom 2006 to 2014. The study took place on 27 priority chemicals, including thirteen carcinogens (benzo (a) pyrene, DDT, hexachlorobenzene, hexachloran, heptachlor, alpha-lindane, beta-lindane, lindane, cadmium, arsenic, lead, derivatives of 2,4-D acid, cypermethrin). Exposition load is calculated by the 50 (median), and 90 percentiles of the content ofpollutants in food products. There were calculated carcinogenic risks, HQ coefficients and HI indices for chronic non-cancer exposure. High values of the total cancer risk (3.31*10 at the median level of 1.49*10+ at the 90 percentile) are associated with the exposure to tohexachlorane and alpha-lindane seem to be alarming (from 1.73*10 to 9.68*10) with the effect of lindane, cadmium and lead with dominant contribution to the total risk in the use of meat and meat products, milk and dairy products. The warning value of Hazard ratios (HQ 1.1-3) at 90-percentile were shown on nitrate, lead, beta-lindane, high (HQ >3), for DDT and its metabolites, lindane and arsenic, with the dominant contribution to the exposure of vegetables and melons (excluding potatoes), potato, milk and milk products.
An efficient algorithm for slowly-varying frequency estimation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A new method is proposed in order to estimate slowly varying frequencies of complex exponentials. The method is based on computing a suboptimal signal subspace projection matrix, using some columns of the estimated data covariance matrix, and employing this suboptimal matrix to obtain a minimum-norm vector in the noise subspace. Using that suboptimal vector, the frequencies can be estimated. The proposed algorithm is very fast and compares advantageously with the algorithms based on the rank-one updating of the data covariance matrix, which are considered a good choice, given their performance/computational burden ratio. This good performance is shown by simulations.< >
Tumor progression in osteosarcoma (OS): Role of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and of its ligand stromal-cell derived factor 1 (SDF-1)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

9021 Background. Despite intensive chemotherapy and surgery treatment, lung and bone metastases develop in about 30% of OS patients. Mechanisms for this preferential metastatic behaviour are largely unknown. The CXCR4/SDF-1 system was shown to play a role in the homing of neoplastic cells in breast cancer as well as in rabdhomyosarcoma. This hypothesis was tested in vitro and in vivo in a mouse model. Methods. Human OS cell lines MG-63, SJSA, U2-OS and HOS were studied in standard colture conditions. Cell lines were evaluated for: CXCR4 expression by FACS analysis (mAb anti-CXCR4, BD Pharmingen); SDF-1 levels in conditioned medium (antibody sandwich ELISA, R&D Systems); modulation of CXCR4 expression on OS cells by exposure to recombinant human SDF-1 (rhSDF-1). The adhesion and migration of SJSA cells were tested on a monolayer of bone marrow stromal cells in response to rhSDF-1. We evaluated lung metastasis development in mouse model (Balb-c nu/nu) with and without monoclonal antibody anti-CXCR4 (T134) treatment. Results. CXCR4 was detected in about 40% of SJSA cell lines. On the contrary SDF-1 expression was lowest in SJSA cells compared to other OS cell lines. Moreover, SDF-1 down-regulated receptor expression on CXCR4 positive cell lines from 86% positivity to 8%. A migration assay showed cell locomotion was SDF-1 dependent. SJSA cells had the highest migration in response to SDF-1. Also cell adhesion was CXCR4/SDF-1 system dependent. In vitro, neutralization of CXCR4/SDF-1 interactions significantly impairs migration and adhesion of OS cells. In vivo: lung metastasis development, after SJSA cells injection, was prevented by T134 (5 μM) administration. Conclusions. These data suggest a possible mechanism to explain and to prevent the preferential metastatic development into bone marrow and lung tissue, where SDF-1 concentration are highest, and suggest how inhibiting CXCR4/SDF-1 axis prevents dissemination of OS cells. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Analysis of Steroids from Chiru Feces by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

[Objective]The research aimed to lay a foundation for studying the reproductive characters of chiru through establishing the measurement method of reproductive hormone content in the feces.[Method]Using 2-(11H-benzo ﹝ a ﹞ carbazol-11-yl) ethylcarbonylhydrazine(BCECH) as pre-column derivatization reagent,the optimum chromatographic separation conditions of 4 kinds of steroid hormone ramification(including cortisol,corticosterone,testosterone and progesterone) were discussed.Through comparing the peak time of 4 kinds of standard steroid hormones,the peak of the target substance was confirmed.[Result]The optimum derivatization conditions were as follows:with acetonitrile as derivatization solvent,with trichloroacetic acid as activator,derivatization temperature of 65℃,derivatization solvent dosage was ten times than total moore of steroid.Under the established chromatography conditions,the chromatogram of the content of 4 kinds of steroid hormones had more impurity peaks,showing that the components in the feces samples.[Conclusion]The analysis method of steroid hormone in feces by high performance liquid chromatography was established and the quantitative measurement of 4 kinds of steroid compounds in the feces of chiru was realized.
The American-Soviet Philosophic Conference in Mexico

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Described by Excelsior of Mexico City in a banner headline on the front page as "Conclusiones de los Filósofos de Rusia y E. U., en Junta Secreta: Lucha con las Ideas, Nunca con las Armas," an unprogrammed conference of American and Soviet philosophers took place during the XIII International Congress of Philosophy. While in a sense private, since it was confined to members from the two countries, and while its form was agreed to only after the start of the Congress, it was in no sense secret. The initiative in organizing and sponsoring the session, which lasted about two and a half hours, came from the Society for the Philosophical Study of Dialectical Materialism, a specialized group open to all members of the American Philosophical Association. Co-Chairmen of the meeting were the present president of the Society, Professor John Somerville of Hunter College, City University of New York, and its first president (1962-63), Professor Howard Parsons of Coe College.
“Form ever follows function. This is the law”. A prevention taxonomy based on a functional typology

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The universal, selective and indicated forms of prevention classification scheme has been recommended and largely adopted as an improvement on previous notions of primary and secondary prevention. However, there is no consensus or clarity about the placing of environmental, community-based or mass media preventive interventions within this scheme. It is suggested that a new dimension of functional types of prevention, namely environmental, developmental and informational prevention should be specified alongside the forms of prevention in a taxonomy matrix, and that this is an improvement on the current one-dimensional universal, selective and indicated scheme. Moreover, it is argued that a re-appraisal of mainstream prevention theories leads to a prediction of the relative effectiveness of these functional types of prevention. This prediction specifies that environmental prevention is generally more effective than developmental prevention which, in turn, is generally more effective than informational prevention.
Price and Rumfitt on Rejective Negation and Classical Logic

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Price and Rumfitt on Rejective Negation and Classical Logic Get access Peter Gibbard Peter Gibbard Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mind, Volume 111, Issue 442, April 2002, Pages 297–304, https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/111.442.297 Published: 01 April 2002
P489 Cancer predisposition screening in children with cancer in ireland

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

Presently, 8–10% of children and adolescents diagnosed with cancer have an underlying cancer predisposition syndrome, however the true figure may be higher. Family history alone identifies <4% of such patients and is therefore not sufficient in isolation as de novo mutations also occur. It is important to identify patients with cancer predisposition syndromes to guide further screening and tailor long term follow up and surveillance programmes. In addition, such information may help counsel family members on cancer risk. At present we believe we are under-referring patients for genetic cancer predisposition testing. The Royal Marsden Hospital is piloting a new system of identifying childhood and adolescent cancer patients for genetic screening.

Aim

To document how many patients at Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, relevant to their specific cancer diagnosis, may benefit from genetic referral to identify those who may have an underlying cancer predisposition syndrome

Methods

Retrospective review of all patients diagnosed with cancer in OLCHC between 01/01/2017 – 31/12/17. Using the Royal Marsden Hospital 'Stop-light' system relative to the patient's diagnosis, patients who have a diagnosis labelled as: Red - automatically eligible for genetic referral Yellow – may benefit from referral Green – do not require referral

Results

There were 160 patients diagnosed in the period 01/01/2017 – 31/12/2017. Of these, 6 were excluded because of a pre-cancerous, rather than cancer, diagnosis: aplastic anaemia, transient abnormal myelopoiesis, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder and Fanconi anaemia. Of the remaining 154 patients diagnosed with cancer, 88 (57.1%) were classified as 'green' according to the Royal Marsden Hospital 'Stop-light' system. 48 (31.2%) were classified as 'orange' and 18 (11.7%) were classified as red, qualifying for automatic referral to clinical genetics.

Conclusions

A significant proportion of patients diagnosed with cancer in OLCHC may benefit from referral to clinical genetics and screening for underlying cancer predisposition syndromes.
Deliberate self-harm: epidemiology and risk factors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Deliberate self-harm is a major problem in many contemporary societies. DSH seems to reflect the degree of powerlessness and hopelessness of young people with low education, low income, unemployment, and difficulties in coping with life stress. As such, non-fatal suicidal behaviour should be a major concern for politicians. There are substantial differences between communities in the prevalence of deliberate self-harm. This suggests that some communities better meet the needs of their underprivileged youngsters than others do, but we barely understand the differences between communities and nations. Preventive action therefore is difficult to design. There is a need for a better nationwide continuous registration of DSH and related socio-economic conditions. There is also a need for better mental health care management of DSH patients, and for experimental studies on the prevention of repetition. Although we know that persons who engage in DSH are at high risk for future fatal and non-fatal suicidal behaviour, development of effective intervention, and prevention programmes is a key priority.
Atoms with Bosonic &quot;Electrons&quot; in Strong Magnetic Fields

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the ground state properties of an atom with nuclear charge Z and N bosonic \\electrons&quot; in the presence of a homogeneous magnetic eld B. We investigate the mean eld limit N !1 with N=Z xed, and identify three dierent asymptotic regions, according to B Z 2 , B Z 2 , and B Z 2 . In Region 1 standard Hartree theory is applicable. Region 3 is described by a one-dimensional functional, which is identical to the so-called Hyper-Strong functional introduced by Lieb, Solovej and Yngvason for atoms with fermionic electrons in the region B Z 3 ; i.e., for very strong magnetic elds the ground state properties of atoms are independent of statistics. For Region 2 we introduce a general magnetic Hartree functional, which is studied in detail. It is shown that in the special case of an atom it can be restricted to the subspace of zero angular momentum parallel to the magnetic eld, which simplies the theory considerably. The functional reproduces the energy and the one-...
Use of Fracture Risk Assessment Tool in clinical practice and Fracture Risk Assessment Tool future directions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fracture Risk Assessment Tool is a free, online fracture risk calculator which can be used to predict 10-year fracture risk for women and men over age 50 years. It incorporates seven clinical risk factors and bone density to give a 10-year risk of major osteoporotic fracture and hip fracture. This dynamic tool can be used with patients at the bedside to help guide treatment decisions. There are some limitations to Fracture Risk Assessment Tool, with the most central limitation being the fact that inputs are binary. Much research has been done to try to refine Fracture Risk Assessment Tool to allow for more accurate risk prediction, and this article describes the data for adjusting Fracture Risk Assessment Tool depending on the clinical scenario such as the dose of glucocorticoid use, presence of diabetes and others. Recently, the new FRAXplus tool has been developed to address many of these concerns and will likely replace the old Fracture Risk Assessment Tool in the future. At the current time, it is available in beta form.
Locke, Sergeant, and Scientific Method

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Aristotle still had a following among English philosophers in the middle of the seventeenth century. Kenelm Digby, John Sergeant, and Thomas White were all advocates of his doctrines. They were also reformers of Aristotle: writers who wanted to rid the master of the false notions attributed him in scholastic commentaries, and who tried to return to what they took to be the correct interpretation of Aristotelian texts on methodology. White emphasized the need to use experiments to confirm scientific conclusions and to resolve disputes. Sergeant tried to clarify the demonstrative character of Aristotelian explanation. Neither White nor Sergeant was a purist. Often they were willing to invoke non-Aristotelian principles. For example, both adopted the Baconian view that what ultimately justifies science is an improvement of the human condition. Because the Reformers were eclectic, their differences with the so-called modem philosophers are not always clear-cut. John Locke read Sergeant and took him seriously, and he shared the reformers’ respect for Aristotle’s intellect. Again in common with the Aristotelians, he valued the certainty afforded by demonstration. He also believed that experience was the foundation of all our knowledge. In this essay I shall consider in some detail the relation of Locke to Sergeant. I shall show that while Sergeant’s and Locke’s views agree more than might have been expected, their disagreements bear out the classification of Locke as a modern.