jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Single-Lead Electrocardiogram-Derivative Empirical Mode Decomposition-Based Deep Learning Model for Sleep Apnea Identification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract: While polysomnography (PSG) is the gold standard for detecting sleep apnea (SA), the insertion of several disruptive devices may impair the quality of the patient's sleep, and its interpretation requires specialised training from a sleep scientist or technician. Heart rate variability (HRV) and electrocardiogram (ECG)-derived respiration (EDR) have been used in recent years to automatically detect SA and lessen the negative effects of PSG. Currently, the majority of suggested methods concentrate on feature engineering and machine learning (ML) techniques, which call for previous expert knowledge and expertise. This paper uses a deep learning (DL) framework based on 1D and 2D deep CNN with empirical mode decomposition (EMD) of a preprocessed ECG signal to propose a SA detection method to distinguish between a normal and apnea occurrence. The EMD is the perfect tool for removing crucial elements that characterise the underlying physiological or biological processes. Based on 5- fold cross-validation (5fold-CV), the segment-level classification performance had 93.8% accuracy with 94.9% sensitivity and 92.7% specificity. As a result, this work effectively created a unique and reliable SA detection system based on the ECG decomposed signal utilising EMD and deep CNN.
CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS IN ONLINE LANGUAGE LEARNING

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

With the proliferation of online courses nowadays, it is necessary to ask what defines the success of teaching and learning in these new learning environments exactly. This paper identifies and critically discusses a number of factors for successful implementation of online delivery, particularly as far as online language learning is concerned. These include student and teacher characteristics, instructional design, provision of support to instructors and students, technology, and language skills characteristics. I argue that these factors need to be carefully considered when designing online language learning simply because they could potentially impinge on students' learning and learning experience in these new learning environments.
Functional expression of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe Na+/H+ antiporter gene, sod2, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, tolerance to high sodium and lithium concentrations requires the functioning of the sod2, Na+/H+ antiporter. We have directly measured the activity of this antiporter and demonstrated reconstitution of the activity in gene deletion strains. In addition, we have shown that it can be transferred to, and its antiporter activity detected in, the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where it also confers sodium and lithium tolerance. Proton flux through the S. pombe Na+/H+ antiporter was directly measured using microphysiometry. The direction of transmembrane proton flux mediated by this antiporter was reversible, with protons being imported or exported in response to the external concentration of sodium. This bidirectional activity was also detected in S. cerevisiae strains expressing sod2 and expression of this gene complemented the sodium and lithium sensitivity resulting from inactivation of the ENA1/PMR2 encoded Na+-exporting ATPases. This suggests that antiporters or sodium pumps can be utilized interchangeably by S. cerevisiae to regulate internal sodium concentration. Potent inhibitors of mammalian Na+/H+ exchangers were found to have no effect on sod2 activity. The proton flux mediated by sod2 was also found to be unaffected by perturbation of membrane potential or the plasma membrane proton gradient.
Towards a Casual Semantics for Brane Calculi

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Brane Calculi are a family of biologically inspired process calculi, proposed in [6] to model the interactions of dynamically nested membranes. We propose a semantics that describes the causal dependencies occurring between the reactions of a system described in Brane Calculi. We investigate the basic properties that are satisfied by such a semantics. The notion of causality turns out to be quite relevant for biological systems, as it permits to point out which events occurring in a biological pathway are necessary for another event to happen.
영어 통사변화의 문법이론

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Several theories have been proposed recently on the diachronic study of English syntax. They are the results of the work on diachronic syntax conducted in a generative perspective. In many ways the earliest work by Klima on case markings and wh-movement is the best, at least from the viewpoint of methodological clarity. Traugott's careful study of English auxiliary is instructive from a similar point of view. Lightfoot has made a very important contribution to the study of diachronic syntax. Lightfoot's view of what constitutes syntactic change and what causes it is more convincing when compared with other theories of syntactic change. In this paper, I review some of the pre-theoretical difficulties which arise in the study of diachronic syntax, sketch each theory briefly, and point out its problems and defects. Regardless of a few criticisms directed to Lightfoot, which come from both generative and non-generative camps, his grammatical theory-based on the Extended Standard Theory model-seems more plausible and explanative.
A comment on Kerry Chamberlain paper: Poverty, health, and health psychology. A critical perspective

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Secondo Chamberlain, le prospettive individualistiche tipiche dell’approccio mainstream di Psicologia della Salute non sono adatte a mettere adeguatamente in luce la questione di come affrontare le forme di deprivazione sanitaria associate a condizioni di poverta ed esclusione sociale. Questa affermazione sfida anche l’approccio individualistico in Economia. Superando l’ipotesi di razionalita dell’homo economicus, l’economia comportamentale suggerisce politiche di nudging per spingere individui non perfettamente razionali verso scelte migliori, utilizzando forme di priming e di framing che riformulino i costrutti e contesti macro- sociali in cui le scelte individuali avvengono, inducendo comportamenti maggiormente desiderabili. Tuttavia, l’agire individuale risponde ad altre determinanti profonde (percezioni, convinzioni, speranze) che si sviluppano nelle relazioni micro-sociali. Le decisioni personali relative alla salute, per esempio, dipendono anche dalla esposizione ed esperienza di relazioni personalizzate e durevoli di cura. La community care e l’accompagnamento, per esempio, sono forme di intervento efficaci sia in termini di costo, sia nel rigenerare il senso di dignita personale. L’analisi empirica del possibile impatto trasformativo delle relazioni micro-sociali, sia sui soggetti vulnerabili sia sui decisori della politica sanitaria, richiede approcci multidisciplinari e multi-strumenti, con l’uso di metodi sia qualitativi, sia quantitativi.
Automatic Detection and Assessment of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Children with neurodevelopmental disorders are increasing gradually every year. One in 100 children are diagnosed with brain function disorder. There are wide categories of disorder such as attention deficit hyperactive disorder, learning, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), etc. In this work, the focus is on ASD, its clinical methods, and analysis in various research works. ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder which affects the intellectual functioning, social interaction (adaptive behavior), and has a specific obsessive interest. At present, there is no known cure for ASD, but the level of the pathological condition can be reduced when it is detected early. Early detection is tough and challenging till date. Many researches were carried out to ease the early detection for clinicians. Each method has its own merits and demerits. This chapter reviews and condenses various research works and their efficacy in analysis for the early diagnosis and improvement in children with autism.
Fish larva distribution and profusion in Mangunharjo and Timbulsloko mangrove ecosystem

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Mangrove area as nursery grounds for the fish larvae in Semarang and Demak. Fish larvae were collected during August - February representing dry and rainy seasons from three mangrove station swamps by a beach seine net. The net was dragged on the bottom for 100 m three times. A total of 291 fish larvae were collected, representing 5 families. The most abundant species formed about 76 % of all collected fishes. Two fish larvae family were collected for the first time from mangrove areas in the Timbulsloko. Most of the collected fishes are economically important fishes. Moreover five families were belonging to demersal fishes. The highest species richness value was recorded in Timbulsloko mangroves at night in the river. This Finding showed that mangroves could support the life history of many demersal and pelagic fish.
Unlocking the Future

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This chapter explores the transformative role of AI in reshaping critical domains such as health records, legal records, library and information management, and media services including communication, publishing, and broadcasting. This chapter examines AI applications inclusive of electronic health records optimization, predictive analytics, automated legal document review, personalized resource recommendation, and content generation in the media. It also addresses ethical concerns such as data privacy algorithmic bias and the implications of workforce transformation to real-world examples and case studies. This chapter highlights the current impact and future potential in streamlining operations, reducing human error, and improving outcomes.
A Rare Complication of Herpes Zoster: Segmental Zoster Paresis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Herpes zoster is a common presentation in both the community and emergency department; however segmental zoster paresis is a rare complication that can lead to misdiagnosis. We present a case of a 74-year-old Indian gentleman with a background of well controlled diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and ischaemic heart disease who presented with sudden right lower limb weakness. This was preceded by a 5-day history of paraesthesia starting in the right foot and ascending up the right lower limb. On examination, there was a characteristic vesicular rash in the L2/3 region with MRC grading 3/5 in the right hip flexors. The rest of the neurological examination was unremarkable. MRI of the spine did not show any evidence of spinal disease. The patient was initiated on IV acyclovir with improvement of the lower limb weakness to MRC grading 5/5 as the vesicles improved. This is an interesting case as it highlights a rare presentation of zoster: segmental motor paresis that recovered fully with resolution of the rash. It shows the importance of recognizing motor neuropathy as a complication of shingles as it has a very good prognosis with most patients regaining full motor function of the affected limb with treatment.
Long‐term outcomes and risk factors of recurrent biliary obstruction after permanent endoscopic biliary stenting for choledocholithiasis in high‐risk patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To elucidate the long‐term outcomes of permanent endoscopic biliary stenting (EBS) and risk factors for recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO) in high‐risk or elderly patients with common bile duct (CBD) stones. Methods The electronic database of Hakodate Municipal Hospital was searched to identify elderly or high‐risk patients with CBD stones who had undergone permanent EBS using a plastic stent without stone removal and were followed up between April 2011 and May 2019, with no further intervention until symptoms occurred. Results We analyzed a total of 47 patients, of whom 19 (40.4%) were men, with a median age of 86 years (interquartile range 80‐90 years). RBO and death without biliary disease occurred in 14 (29.8%) and 19 (40.4%) patients, respectively. The cumulative RBO rates at 20, 40, and 60 months were 22.1%, 31.8%, and 35.5%, respectively. The median time to RBO was 13.0 and 38.0 months in the group with CBD stone ≥15 mm and 11‐14 mm in diameter, respectively. The cumulative RBO incidence rate in the group with CBD stone ≤10 mm in diameter did not reach 50%. The cumulative RBO incidence rates were significantly different among the three groups based on the CBD stone diameter (competing risk analysis, P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that an increase in CBD stone diameter predicted the increased risk of RBO (hazard ratio 1.26, P = 0.01). Conclusions Permanent EBS is a feasible option for high‐risk patients with small CBD stones.
CHANGES IN CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDES OF RAT THYROID BY CHRONIC ADMINISTRATION OF LATS AND TSH

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The effects of LATS and TSH on the cyclic nucleotide content and enzymatic activity in rat thyroid was observed during the continuous administration of LATS or TSH for 6 days. Serum T 4 and T 3 levels were increased significantly compared with the saline controls. The cyclic nucleotide (cAMP and cGMP) levels and enzyme activities per wet weight of tissue were determined. The thyroid weight in both the LATS and TSH groups increased approximately two-fold, but cAMP and cGMP content per wet weight did not significantly change. Neither cyclic nucleotide showed any significant change in plasma. The cAMP-PDE activity in the thyroid significantly increased in both the LATS and TSH groups, but the cGMP-PDE activity was unchanged. Neither was cyclic nucleotide-PDE activity changed in the plasma. The ATPase activity in the thyroid increased markedly in both the LATS and TSH groups, while 5′-nucleotidase activity did not change. These data suggest that LATS and TSH appear to have a stimulatory effect on the metabolism of cAMP, but do not affect the metabolism of cGMP.
Large Eddy Simulation of Flow and Heat Transfer Around Two Square Cylinders in a Tandem Arrangement

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a large eddy simulation (LES) of flow and heat transfer in a tandem configuration of two square cylinders at moderate Reynolds number (Re=16,000). Compressible LES on a hybrid mesh is used to predict the flow structure and the heat transfer at the wall. The goals of this work are to analyze the flow and the heat transfer around a tandem arrangement of two inline square cylinders as well as to propose a LES approach that can be applied to convective heat transfer problems in industrial configurations. The meshing strategy allows to resolve the flow field until the viscous sublayer with y+ of the order unity. The wall adapting linear eddy model is chosen to model the subgrid turbulent viscosity. Aerodynamics results are validated versus experimental measurements performed on isolated cylinders and on tandem configurations. The main flow structures responsible for heat transfer are analyzed. Finally, heat transfer around both cylinders of the tandem is described.
First additions and corrections to the World Catalogue of the Spider Mite Family (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract This work lists 43 new species and 2 new synonyms, 2 new genera and 7 new combinations established since the publication of the World Catalogue of the Spider Mite Family (Bolland et al., 1998). Eurytetranychus buxi (Garman) is considered a valid name and E. latus (Berlese) is rejected. Paraplonobia (Anaplonobia) harteni (Meyer) is a new combination for Neopetrobia harteni. It also includes modifications of the world key genera. Key words : AcariTetranychidaetaxonomycatalogue
A novel design of reconfigurable monopole antenna with switchable triple band-rejection for UWB applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a new antenna has been proposed with dimensions of 28 × 28 × 0.8 mm 3 and the ability of operating in ultra-wideband (UWB) frequency and switching three notched bands. In the structure, to achieve the removal of characteristic of three frequency bands, a rectangular patch with an H-shaped slot on its surface and two C-shaped arms on its sides have been used. In addition, the designed antennas have the ability of operating in five different modes. To achieve the performance of reconfiguring, three pin diodes are used on the slots of rectangular patch and those two C-shaped arms. Also, with the defect ground structure and creating two rectangular slots and two L-shaped slots on the ground plane we make the excite of additional resonances and thus increase antenna bandwidth. Simulation and measurement results show that the designed antenna is able to cover the range of frequencies 3–12 GHz and a controllable frequency band rejection in the three frequency bands 3.2–3.75 GHz (WiMAX), 5.05–5.9 GHz (WLAN), and 8–8.45 GHz (ITU). The proposed antenna decreases the interference of the mentioned wireless systems with the UWB frequency.
Subjective evaluation of image quality measures for white noise and Gaussian blur-distorted images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Image quality assessment has diverse applications. A number of image quality measures (IQMs) are proposed, but none is proved to be true representative of human perception of image quality. We have subjectively investigated spectral distance-based and human visual system (HVS)-based IQMs for their effectiveness in representing the human perception for images corrupted with white noise and Gaussian blur. Two sets of 160 images with various degrees of white noise and Gaussian blur are subjectively evaluated by 50 human subjects, resulting in 16 000 human judgments. On the basis of evaluations, image-independent human perception values are calculated. The perception values are plotted against spectral distance-based and HVS-based IQMs. The performance of quality measures is determined by graphical observations and polynomial curve fitting, resulting in best performance by HVS absolute norm and block spectral phase-magnitude error for white noise and Gaussian blur distortions, respectively. It is also observed that the performances of various quality measures differ for different noise distortions, suggesting the use of different quality measures for different noise types rather than a single universal IQM.
Distinguishing Hate Speech from Sarcasm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this contemporary world, people use social media tremendously to communicate and have fun with their friends and family. Over the past few years, the ethical use of social media has been exploited and people have started to post comments or tweets expressing their hatred towards other communities. While some people claim them to be sarcastic comments, others feel they are offensive and depict hate speech. This has become a major issue as these are dependent on an individual's perspective. We have constructed a dataset that contains sentences from one of the four classes-" Hate Speech", "Offensive", "Sarcasm", "Normal". The dataset has been evaluated using various state-of-the-art models like Bag of Words, TF-IDF, BERT and ERNIE. The best accuracy was achieved by BERT accounting to around 80%.
Feedback Inhibition of the Unfolded Protein Response by GADD34-Mediated Dephosphorylation of eIF2α

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Phosphorylation of the α subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) on serine 51 integrates general translation repression with activation of stress-inducible genes such as ATF4, CHOP, and BiP in the unfolded protein response. We sought to identify new genes active in this phospho-eIF2α–dependent signaling pathway by screening a library of recombinant retroviruses for clones that inhibit the expression of a CHOP::GFP reporter. A retrovirus encoding the COOH terminus of growth arrest and DNA damage gene (GADD)34, also known as MYD116 (Fornace, A.J., D.W. Neibert, M.C. Hollander, J.D. Luethy, M. Papathanasiou, J. Fragoli, and N.J. Holbrook. 1989. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:4196–4203; Lord K.A., B. Hoffman-Lieberman, and D.A. Lieberman. 1990. Nucleic Acid Res. 18:2823), was isolated and found to attenuate CHOP (also known as GADD153) activation by both protein malfolding in the endoplasmic reticulum, and amino acid deprivation. Despite normal activity of the cognate stress-inducible eIF2α kinases PERK (also known as PEK) and GCN2, phospho-eIF2α levels were markedly diminished in GADD34-overexpressing cells. GADD34 formed a complex with the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1c) that specifically promoted the dephosphorylation of eIF2α in vitro. Mutations that interfered with the interaction with PP1c prevented the dephosphorylation of eIF2α and blocked attenuation of CHOP by GADD34. Expression of GADD34 is stress dependent, and was absent in PERK−/− and GCN2−/− cells. These findings implicate GADD34-mediated dephosphorylation of eIF2α in a negative feedback loop that inhibits stress-induced gene expression, and that might promote recovery from translational inhibition in the unfolded protein response.
Regulation of Osteopontin in Prostate Cancer: Potential Therapeutic Implications for Bone Metastasis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PURPOSE Prostate cancer (PCa) bone metastasis (BM) plays a crucial role in disease outcome and poses a significant clinical obstacle due to its heterogeneity. In this sense, Osteopontin (SPP1/OPN) is elevated in a subset of patients with advanced disease. However understanding its regulation is an unmet need. In this work we investigated the factors controlling SPP1/OPN expression in a subgroup of patients with BM. METHODS We performed a comprehensive transcriptomics analysis (DEG, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA)) of publicly available patients datasets (GSE74685, SU2C-PCF and Westbrooke et al), comparing PCa on different metastatic sites and/or treatment status. Using an indirect co-culture (24h) to mimic the dialogue between PCa cells (PC3/C42B) and osteoblast precursors (MC3T3) in vitro, we integrated transcriptomics (RT-qPCR and RNAseq) and secretomic (ESI-MS/MS of conditioned media (CM)) data to dissect key players involved in the bi-directional crosstalk between PCa and bone cells. Protein Kinase A (PKA) pathway implication was evaluated by its induction (forskolin 1uM) or suppression (H89 10uM). Clinically relevant patient derived xenograft (PDX) models growing intrafemorally (i.f.) were used for in vivo validation. RESULTS Across different datasets, we consistently found a sub-population of patients with BM characterized by high levels of SPP1 expression, associated with an active PKA pathway. By functionalizing this response experimentally, we demonstrated that specific bone secreted factors, particularly Col1a1 and Fn1, significantly induce SPP1 expression in PCa cells via PKA activation. Further, experimental and clinical settings suggest that the androgen receptor (AR) is implicated on this bone-induced PKA/SPP1 axis. Notably, longitudinal analysis of patients samples revealed an increased SPP1 expression alongside signs of PKA pathway activation, in a subpopulation of BM upon AR signaling inhibition with enzalutamide. CONCLUSION Herein, we uncovered PKA as a novel upstream regulator of SPP1/OPN expression in PCa triggered by the bone microenvironment that could possibly be implicated in treatment resistance. These results highlight the potential of SPP1/OPN as a marker of tumors with active PKA to improve disease management.