jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Use of antibiotics. Endocarditis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Infective endocarditis usually affects a heart valve but less often a septal defect, mural endocardium, or a coarctation or arterio venous shunt. The last two are more properly referred to as endarteritis. The infection is usually bacterial but may also result from colonisation with coxiella (which causes Q fever) or chlamydia (which causes psittacosis). These organisms are cell dependent and do not grow on blood culture. Fungal infection may also occur but not as a primary event; it may follow cardiac surgery, complicate antibiotic treatment of bacterial endocardi tis, or develop in patients on immunosuppressive treatment. Fungal spores almost always gain access through intravenous lines. Diagnosis is essentially clinical, and confirmation is usually based on the circumstantial evidence, from positive blood cultures or on serological tests in the case of coxiella or chlamy dia. In patients with bacterial infection who have already re ceived some antibiotic the results of blood cultures may be persistently negative, and drug treatment has to be based on clinical judgment. A tissue diagnosis can be made only in cases who have emergency surgery because of valve destruction or when an infected embolus is removed from a limb artery and the infecting organism recovered from this.
Shape based classification of breast tumors using fractal analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we adopt FFT based fractal analysis method. With the help FFT based method breast tumors (benign and malignant) are classified based on their shapes. In general malignant tumors contour have rough and irregular shapes whereas benign contour have smooth and macrolobulated shapes. In this paper we present a fractal based Fourier transform method to classify the contours. The log -log magnitude frequency response plot and rose plot (for average radial distance and angle variations in terms of average slops and slope of intercept) are used in this study in order to extract the features for classifications.
THE IMPACT OF PATIENTS’ KNOWLEDGE ON USING COMMUNITY-BASED TUBERCULOSIS CARE IN THE LOBATSE DISTRICT OF BOTSWANA

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Tuberculosis (TB), though declining, continues to be a global health problem fuelled by Human Immuno Deficiency Virus (HIV) infections. The dual TB/HIV epidemic in subSahara Africa (SSA) has necessitated re-thinking of economically viable TB control methods, including community-based TB care (CTBC).Â This study attempted to identify factors affecting patientsâ€™ utilisation of CTBC in one district of Botswana in order to recommend ways to enhance the uptake of CTBC. The individual structured interviews attempted to identify respondentsâ€™ demographic characteristics, TB-related knowledge, attitudes concerning CTBC, support structures, factors influencing the adoption of a specific directly observed treatment (DOT) option as these factors could influence TB patientsâ€™ participation in the CTBC programme.Individual structured interviews were conducted with 101 TB patients in the Lobatse District who were registered for directly observed treatment (DOT) for TB in public health facilities from January 2011 to August 2013. Univariate logistic regression models were used.Â Participation in CTBC was used as an outcome.The main predictors for participation in CTBC included, knowledge about and attitudes towards CTBC (p=0.0003), perceived barriers and enablers (p=0.0279) and patientsâ€™ satisfaction (p=0.0315) with the CTBC services.Â Identified barriers should be addressed and enablers strengthened to enhance TB patientsâ€™ utilisation of CTBC services.
IARM: Inter-Aspect Relation Modeling with Memory Networks in Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Sentiment analysis has immense implications in e-commerce through user feedback mining. Aspect-based sentiment analysis takes this one step further by enabling businesses to extract aspect specific sentimental information. In this paper, we present a novel approach of incorporating the neighboring aspects related information into the sentiment classification of the target aspect using memory networks. We show that our method outperforms the state of the art by 1.6% on average in two distinct domains: restaurant and laptop.
“Working it Out”: Exploring How Digital Technologies Could Support Healthy Ageing at Work

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

HCI researchers have long explored how digital technologies can support wellbeing at work. However, despite increased ageing demographics globally, there are few examples and little discussion on how technologies can support the complex health experiences that occur as people age at work. To contribute to such discussions, we involved 45/29 participants aged 50-66 in a two-phase co-design process of a wellbeing mobile application, which leveraged insights into their needs and perceptions towards emerging technologies. Through an exploratory phase, we identified the need to promote self-reflection and awareness of health issues holistically, which could inform adjustments and health communication at work. Through reviewing a probe app, we were able to highlight key design implications, including the need for technologies to help build self-understanding rather than health optimisation; the ways in which qualitative engagements with data could support self-discovery; and the need to base designs on identified workplace communication approaches.
Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Joint Cooperative Spectrum Sensing and Channel Access in Cognitive UAV Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper studies the problem of distributed spectrum/channel access for cognitive radio-enabled unmanned aerial vehicles (CUAVs) that overlay upon primary channels. Under the framework of cooperative spectrum sensing and opportunistic transmission, a one-shot optimization problem for channel allocation, aiming to maximize the expected cumulative weighted reward of multiple CUAVs, is formulated. To handle the uncertainty due to the lack of prior knowledge about the primary user activities as well as the lack of the channel-access coordinator, the original problem is cast into a competition and cooperation hybrid multi-agent reinforcement learning (CCH-MARL) problem in the framework of Markov game (MG). Then, a value-iteration-based RL algorithm, which features upper confidence bound-Hoeffding (UCB-H) strategy searching, is proposed by treating each CUAV as an independent learner (IL). To address the curse of dimensionality, the UCB-H strategy is further extended with a double deep Q-network (DDQN). Numerical simulations show that the proposed algorithms are able to efficiently converge to stable strategies, and significantly improve the network performance when compared with the benchmark algorithms such as the vanilla Q-learning and DDQN algorithms.
Pancreatic juice outflow in pancreatojejunostomy monitoring with the inter-anastomosis drainage tube; a retrospective observational study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background:Pancreatic fistula remains the biggest problem in pancreatic surgery. We have previously reported a new pancreatojejunostomy method using an inter-anastomosis drainage suction tube (IAD) with Blumgart anastomosis for drainage of the pancreatic juice leaking from the branched pancreatic ducts. This study aimed to evaluate the postoperative outcomes of our novel method, in pancreatojejunostomy and investigate the nature of the inter-anastomosis space between jejunal wall and pancreas parenchyma.Methods:This retrospectively study consist of 282 pancreatoduodenectomy cases, including 86 reconstructions via the Blumgart method plus IAD (B+IAD group) and 196 cases reconstructed using the Blumgart method alone (B group). Post-operative outcomes and the amylase value and the volume of the drainage fluids were compared between the two groups. The IAD tube was placed to collect amylase-rich fluid from the inter-anastomosis space during operative procedure between the jejunal wall and pancreatic stump.Results:The daily IAD drainage volume and the amylase level was significantly higher in patients with a soft pancreas (vs hard pancreas; 16.5 vs 10.0 mL/day, p =0.012; 90,900 vs 1,634 IU/L, p <0.001, respectively). The mean amylase value of IAD collection in 86 cases of B+IAD group was 63,100 IU/L. The incidence of clinically relevant pancreatic fistula grade B and C (23.2% vs. 23.0%, p= 0.55) and the hospital stay was similar between the groups (median 17 vs. 18 days, p= 0.55). In 176 patients with soft pancreas, the incidence of pancreatic fistula grade B and C (33.3% vs. 35.3%, p= 0.67) and the hospital stay was also similar between the groups (median 22.5 vs. 21 days, p= 0.81).Conclusions:Positive effect of the IAD method observed in the pilot cases was not reproduced in the current study. IAD tube objectively demonstrated the existence of amylase rich discharge at the anastomosis site, and countermeasures to eliminate this liquid are highly desired for preventing pancreatic fistula, especially in patients with soft pancreatic texture.Trial registration: Retrospectively registered
P2–065: Apolipoprotein E‐ε4 in a Japanese population with Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele has been reported to be a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Previous neuropathological studies have demonstrated similar frequencies of the APOE ε4 allele in AD and DLB. However, the few ante-mortem studies on APOE allele frequencies in DLB have shown lower frequencies than post-mortem studies. One reason for this may be inaccuracy of diagnosis. We examined APOE genotypes in subjects with AD, DLB, and a control group using the latest diagnostic criteria and MRI, SPECT, and MIBG myocardial scintigraphy. The subjects of this study consisted of 145 patients with probable AD, and 50 subjects with probable DLB, and a control group. AD subjects were divided into two groups based on age of onset: early onset AD (EOAD) and late onset AD (LOAD). All subjects had characteristic features on MRI, SPECT, and/or myocardial scintigraphy. The rate of APOE4 carrier status was 18.3% and the frequency of the ε4 allele was 9.7% in controls. The rate of APOE4 carrier status and the frequency of the ε4 allele were 47% and 27% for LOAD, 50% and 31% for EOAD, and 42% and 31% for DLB, respectively. The APOE4 genotypes in this study are consistent with previous neuropathological studies suggesting accurate diagnosis of AD and DLB. APOE4 genotypes were similar in AD and DLB, giving further evidence that the ε4 allele is a risk factor for both disorders. And furthermore we'llmention theassociation between APOE genotypeand the age of onset, the progression of cognitive decline, the brain atrophy, and the cerebral blood flow in AD.
In vivo activity of native GnRHs and their analogues on ovulation in the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Four distinct forms of native gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and two newly designed analogues were tested for their in vivo activity to induce ovulation in African catfish. The effects of these peptides on ovulatory parameters were compared with those of carp pituitary and [d-Ala6, Pro9-NEt]-mammalian GnRH analogue (mGnRHa), two tested ovulation-inducing agents in African catfish. Assessment of ovulation was carried out by determining the ovulation ratio and the relative quantity of egg produced. From the results of the experiments, the order of potency of the native GnRH peptides is summarized as chicken GnRH-II (cGnRH-II) >salmon GnRH (sGnRH) >mammalian GnRH >chicken GnRH-I (cGnRH-I). Chicken GnRH-II was as potent as mGnRHa while cGnRH-I was totally ineffective. The new d-Orn6-cGnRH-II and d-Orn6-sGnRH with a substitution at position 6 with d-isomer residue were as potent as the most extensively used mGnRHa, indicating that the position 6 modification might be more crucial than the substitution at the C-terminal. On the basis of our results, the potential use and incorporation of cGnRH-II and sGnRH for the development of more generic spawning induction therapies are suggested.
Oryza sativa Linnaeus IRGC 109150

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Oryza sativa Linnaeus
Common name(s): Rice
Other names: KRAVETH
Conserved by: International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Philippines
Local sample unique identifier: IRGC 109150
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1996-01-22
Other identifiers: n/a,1218055
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
MLS status: Art. 15 collection
TECHNOLOGICAL TRANSFER, LABOUR ABSORPTION, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Journal Article TECHNOLOGICAL TRANSFER, LABOUR ABSORPTION, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Get access HOWARD PACK, HOWARD PACK Yale University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar MICHAEL TODARO MICHAEL TODARO Yale University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Oxford Economic Papers, Volume 21, Issue 3, November 1969, Pages 395–403, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.oep.a041138 Published: 01 November 1969
YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_7$ Josephson diode operating as a high-efficiency ratchet

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Using a focused He$^+$ beam for nanopatterning and writing of Josephson barriers we fabricated specially shaped Josephson junctions of in-line geometry in YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_7$ thin film microbridges with an asymmetry ratio of critical currents of opposite polarities (non-reciprocity ratio) $\approx 7$ at optimum magnetic field. Those Josephson diodes were subsequently used as ratchets to rectify an applied ac current into a dc voltage. We also demonstrate the operation of such a ratchet in the loaded regime, where it produces a nonzero dc output power and yields a thermodynamic efficiency of up to $75\,\mathrm{\%}$. The ratchet shows record figures of merit: an output dc voltage of up to $212\,\mathrm{μV}$ and an output power of up to $0.2\,\mathrm{nW}$. The device has an essential area $\approx 1\,\mathrm{μm^2}$. For rectification of quasistatic Gaussian noise, the figures of merit are more modest, however the efficiency can be as high as for the deterministic ac drives within some regimes. Since the device is based on YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_7$, it can operate at temperatures up to $\sim40\,\mathrm{K}$, where more noise is available for rectification.
Distinct life course leisure-time physical activity trajectories and related health behaviors: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Physical activity (PA) has been suggested to play a role in the adoption of other health-enhancing behaviors. However, the evidence remains scarce. This dissertation research investigated the diverse pathways (i.e., trajectories) of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) from childhood to middle age in the general population and the associations of these trajectories with other health-related behaviors (dietary behavior, screen and television time during leisure, binge drinking, smoking, and sleeping). The doctoral dissertation yielded four original publications (I–IV). Study I systematically reviewed the articles identifying PA trajectories and related factors. Self-reported data from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study were used in studies II-IV. Participants (N=3553, 51% women) were aged between 9 and 18 years at baseline (1980) and between 33 and 49 years at the last follow-up (2011). Trajectories were identified with latent profile analyses (II-IV). Models were adjusted for selected covariates. The findings supported previous observations of the high prevalence and persistence of inactivity and low activity when compared to high or moderate activity in the general population (I-IV), especially in old age (I). Trajectories describing a decline in PA during childhood and adolescence were often reported whereas trajectories of increasing PA were observed in adults (I, III, IV). Men and women identified in the persistently active or increasingly active trajectories had a healthier diet (III, IV), lower smoking frequency, and fewer sleep difficulties (women only) when compared to their low-active or inactive peers (IV). Associations of screen and television viewing time with the LTPA trajectories were ambiguous (II, IV). Being persistently active or succeeding in increasing one´s LTPA level during the life course may be important, not only owing to the benefits of PA for health, but also because it may relate to the adoption of other health behaviors, in particular switching to a healthier diet. Causality should be addressed in future intervention studies with objective measurements.
Identification of Grape Varieties by Isozyme Banding Patterns

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Enzyme banding patterns for over 60 varieties of wine and table grapes were determined by gel electrophoresis. Enzymes were extracted from ripe berries of each variety and separated by electrophoresis in a starch gel. Enzyme bands were detected by developing the gels in a buffered solution that produced an insoluble dye at the site of enzyme activity. The varieties were assayed for leucine aminopeptidase, indophenol oxidase, acid phosphatase, catechol oxidase, alcohol dehydrogenase, esterase, and peroxidase. The first four enzymes listed were found the most useful for distinguishing varieties.
A system-on-a chip testing methodology

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this thesis, we present a system-on-a chip testing methodology. The system consists of a wrapper, test access mechanism and the cores under test. The cores include the ISCAS sequential and combinational benchmark circuits. At the gate level, stuck at fault model is used to detect faults. The wrapper separates the circuit under test from other cores. The test access mechanism transports the test patterns or test vectors to the desired circuit under test and then transports the responses back to the output pin of the SOC. The faults are then injected using the fault simulator that generates test for the circuit under test. Out of the many TAM design methods, we implemented the TAM as a plain signal transport medium, which is shared by all the cores in the system-on-chip. Once the dedicated TAM lines are set to the circuit under test, fault simulation is done. Each circuit in an SOC is independently tested for its fault coverage. The isolation of the circuit under test from the others is taken care by the program running in the background. We were able to simulate the whole SOC testing and get satisfactory fault coverage for the circuits under tests.
EFFECT OF HYDRATE WATER ON THE HYDROGENBOND FORMATION IN DIMETHYLAMINOARGLABINESALTS WITH HYDROCHLORIDE AND HYDRONITRATE

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The crystal structure of crystalline hydrates of dimethylaminoarglabine hydrochloride and dimethylaminoarglabine hydronitrate is determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. It is established that in a crystal, water breaks the hydrogen bond between the anion and the cation in dimethylaminoarglabin hydrochloride and weakens it in dimethylaminoarglabin hydronitrate, which improves the solubility of salts in water.
Is There a Bank‐Lending Channel of Monetary Policy in New Zealand?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The results reported in the paper cast serious doubt on the existence of a potent bank‐lending channel of monetary policy in New Zealand either before or after the reforms of the mid‐1980s. We find no sound evidence of a link between a number of different finance mix variables and economic activity in New Zealand. Similar, unfavourable results are reported by the investigation of the connection between movements in an interest rate spread and real economic performance. Moreover, neither the finance mix variables nor the spread respond consistently to changes in various indicators of monetary policy.
Modeling of Active Noise and Vibration Control with Finite Elements and Boundary Elements

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A recently developed coupled finite element‐boundary element modeling scheme for the design of active noise and vibration control of multi‐coupled structural‐acoustic systems is presented. The approach allows the computation of structural vibrations and resulting sound fields. By means of an example, the paper describes the theoretical background of the coupled approach. In order to show the performance of the developed approach, test simulations are carried out in the frequency domain. (© 2009 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
CD5L attenuates allergic airway inflammation by expanding CD11chigh alveolar macrophages and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation via HDAC2

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Allergic asthma is an airway inflammatory disease dominated by type 2 immune responses and there is currently no curative therapy for asthma. CD5‐like antigen (CD5L) has been known to be involved in a variety of inflammatory diseases. However, the role of CD5L in allergic asthma remains unclear. In the present study, mice were treated with recombinant CD5L (rCD5L) during house dust mite (HDM) and ovalbumin (OVA) challenge to determine the role of CD5L in allergic asthma, and the underlying mechanism was further explored. Compared with PBS group, serum CD5L levels of asthmatic mice were significantly decreased, and the levels of CD5L in lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were significantly increased. CD5L reduced airway inflammation and Th2 immune responses in asthmatic mice. CD5L exerted its anti‐inflammatory function by increasing CD11c high alveolar macrophages (CD11c high AMs), and the anti‐inflammatory role of CD11c high AMs in allergic asthma was confirmed by CD11c high AMs depletion and transfer assays. In addition, CD5L increased the CD5L + macrophages and inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation by increasing HDAC2 expression in lung tissues of asthmatic mice. Hence, our study implicates that CD5L has potential usefulness for asthma treatment.
Effect of plant genotype, virus isolate and temperature on the expression of the potato tuber necrotic ringspot disease (PTNRD)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present study shows that a large range of potato cultivars (29/33 tested), widely grown in the world, are susceptible to potato tuber necrotic ringspot disease caused by potato virus Y. The three factors studied in this work, which proved to influence the level of tuber necrosis reaction, were, first, the plant genotype, since varietal behaviour exhibited large differences; second, the virus genotype, since variations of virulence occurred between the four isolates tested; and third, the environmental conditions, as shown by the different rates of tuber necrosis obtained under contrasting conditions of temperature as much during the growing period as during storage. Three of the cultivars tested, Spunta, Maris Piper and Thalassa, failed to produce necrotic tubers, although infected with a virulent tuber‐necrosing isolate. This result, following observations on the inheritance of the tuber necrosis trait, suggests that at least a major dominant gene controls this reaction in non‐sensitive cultivars. On the other hand, the extreme resistance genes ( Ry ) provide a good resistance to virus infection, thus, preventing tuber necrosis under field conditions.