jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Wheat WCBP1 encodes a putative copper-binding protein involved in stripe rust resistance and inhibition of leaf senescence

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Length distributions of the wheat leaf ESTs (A) and the assembled uniESTs (B), including contigs (C) and singletons (D). Figure S2. Primers and the amplified region of genomic DNA. To clone the WCBP1 gene, primers were designed according to the Chinese Spring draft genome sequence. Full-length amplification was performed using the 1B-1 forward primer and the 1B-6 reverse primer. Figure S3. Comparison of WCBP1 gene sequences. WCBP1 encodes a heavy metal copper-binding protein with two copper sensing domains. The four sequences were cloned using PCR with primers designed according to the polymorphic fragment. L693 is the stripe rust-resistant line; L661 is the stripe rust-susceptible line; YU25 is the resistant parent of L693 and L661; MY11 is the susceptible parent of L693 and L661. Figure S4. Quality map of the sequences flanking the SNP site. A represents L693; B represents YU25; C represents L661; D represents MY11, which showed that the SNP existed among the different genotypes. Figure S5. GISH analysis of mitotic metaphase chromosomes of TAI 7047, L661, L693 and YU25 using genomic DNA of Th. Intermedium as a probe (green). A TAI 7047, B L661, C L693, D YU25. Chromosomes were counterstained with DAPI (blue). Figure S6. Results demonstrating the high quality and good replication of q-PCR. (A), the melt curve of the q-PCR product during the amplification of WCBP2. (B), The amplification curve shows the consistent crossing points of the three technological replicates of the WCBP2 gene and the reference gene GAPDH. This chart shows L661 at 0 h. (ZIP 837 kb)
Abstract C075: Increasing incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma in the Hispanic population of the United States from 2006-2017

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Melanoma is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States (US), and its incidence has been rapidly increasing within the past several decades. Previous studies have shown that individuals with darker skin tones are less likely to survive melanoma than those with lighter skin tones. Despite this increased morbidity in skin of color populations, limited studies have investigated how melanoma affects different races and ethnicities. Herein, we conducted a population-based registry study to assess the incidence and survival pattern of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) subtypes in the US from 2006 to 2017. In addition, we examined the four major histological CMM subtypes (superficial spreading, lentigo maligna, nodular, and acral lentiginous melanoma) and its distribution by race, gender, and tumor grade. Data from 17 population-based cancer registries from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program of the National Cancer Institute were reviewed, and 58,666 histologically confirmed cases of CMM were evaluated. Acral lentiginous melanoma was diagnosed predominantly in non-Hispanic whites (56%) and Hispanic whites (45%). Melanomas that were not of the four major histological CMM subtypes were predominant in the Asian (54%) and Black (77%) populations. Superficial spreading and lentigo maligna melanomas presented more commonly in males (69% and 63%, respectively). Nodular and lentigo maligna melanomas had the poorest survival rates (median of 26 and 21 months, respectively). The incidence rate of CMM has been steadily increasing in the Hispanic population, with Hispanic whites having the highest incidence of acral lentiginous melanoma when compared to other skin of color populations. Thus, it is important we continue to assess and trend the epidemiological characteristics of CMM subtypes. In addition, future studies should investigate the possible genetic and environmental factors that may be contributing to the increased incidence of CMM in skin of color populations and its associated morbidity. Citation Format: Yae L. Kye, Cicilyn Xie, Hannah Riva, Michelle Samaniego, Fabiola Ramirez, Lorena Fernandez, Luis Alvarado, Alok Dwivedi, Jessica Chacon. Increasing incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma in the Hispanic population of the United States from 2006-2017 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C075.
The Coma Dust of Comet C/2013 US10 (Catalina): A Window into Carbon in the Solar System

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Comet C/2013 US 10 (Catalina) was a dynamically new Oort cloud comet whose apparition presented a favorable geometry for observations near close-Earth approach (≃0.93 au) at heliocentric distances ≲2 au when insolation and sublimation of volatiles drive maximum activity. Here we present mid-infrared 6.0 ≲ λ ( μ m) ≲ 40 spectrophotometric observations at two temporal epochs from NASA’s Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy and the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility that yield an inventory of the refractory materials and their physical characteristics through thermal modeling analysis. The grain composition is dominated by dark dust grains (modeled as amorphous carbon) with a silicate-to-carbon ratio ≲0.9, little crystalline stoichiometry (no distinct 11.2 μ m feature attributed to Mg-rich crystalline olivine), and the submicron grain-size distribution peaking at ≃0.6 μ m. The 10 μ m silicate feature was weak, ≈12.8% ± 0.1% above the local continuum, and the bolometric grain albedo was low (≲14%). Comet C/2013 US 10 (Catalina) is a carbon-rich object. This material, which is well represented by the optical constants of amorphous carbon, is similar to the material that darkens and reddens the surface of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. We argue this material is endemic to the nuclei of comets, synthesizing results from the study of Stardust samples, interplanetary dust particle investigations, and micrometeoritic analyses. The atomic carbon-to-silicate ratio of comet C/2013 US 10 (Catalina) and other comets joins a growing body of evidence suggesting the existence of a C/Si gradient in the primitive solar system, providing new insight into planetesimal formation and the distribution of isotopic and compositional gradients extant today.
Coordinates Are NOT Lonely -- Codebook Prior Helps Implicit Neural 3D Representations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Implicit neural 3D representation has achieved impressive results in surface or scene reconstruction and novel view synthesis, which typically uses the coordinate-based multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs) to learn a continuous scene representation. However, existing approaches, such as Neural Radiance Field (NeRF) and its variants, usually require dense input views (i.e. 50-150) to obtain decent results. To relive the over-dependence on massive calibrated images and enrich the coordinate-based feature representation, we explore injecting the prior information into the coordinate-based network and introduce a novel coordinate-based model, CoCo-INR, for implicit neural 3D representation. The cores of our method are two attention modules: codebook attention and coordinate attention. The former extracts the useful prototypes containing rich geometry and appearance information from the prior codebook, and the latter propagates such prior information into each coordinate and enriches its feature representation for a scene or object surface. With the help of the prior information, our method can render 3D views with more photo-realistic appearance and geometries than the current methods using fewer calibrated images available. Experiments on various scene reconstruction datasets, including DTU and BlendedMVS, and the full 3D head reconstruction dataset, H3DS, demonstrate the robustness under fewer input views and fine detail-preserving capability of our proposed method.
Behavior and Preparation of Single Crystal of Cu-Al-Ni-Be SMA

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, single crystal of CuAlNiBe shape memory alloy (SMA) was prepared in a high temperature gradient directional solidification furnace with a selective growing crystallizer. And its performance characters were systematically studied. The results show that the mechanical and shape memory properties of the single crystal of CuAlNiBe SMA alloy has much better than that of the polycrystalline material. This may be explained that the stress concentration at grain boundary caused by the difference of bilateral strains is the dominant reason of deterioration of fatigue properties; therefore single crystal alloy possesses the excellent properties duo to its elimination of grain boundary.
Cyanide-insensitive Respiration in Acanthamoeba castellanii. Changes in Sensitivity of Whole Cell Respiration during Exponential Growth

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Respiration of Acanthamoeba castellanii shows varying sensitivity to cyanide during exponential growth in a medium containing proteose peptone, glucose and yeast extract. After 20 h growth, respiration was stimulated up to 40% by 1 mm-cyanide; sensitivity to cyanide then gradually increased until 90% inhibition of respiration was attained in late-exponential phase cultures. Salicyl hydroxamic acid alone never stimulated or inhibited respiration by more than 20% but, when added together with cyanide, inhibition was always 70 to 100% from 3h onward. Sensitivity to antimycin A was similar, but not identical to that shown to cyanide; when antimycin A was added together with salicyl hydroxamic acid, the inhibition was greater. Increased sensitivities to arsenite and malonate were also observed in late-exponential phase cultures. These changes in sensitivities were not associated with alterations in the growth medium since similar changes in sensitivity to inhibitors were observed during growth in conditioned medium. A rotenone-sensitive site is associated with cyanide-stimulated respiration and the results suggest that A. castellanii possesses a branched electron transport system.
New Economy of Fandom

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article discusses five new roles that fans can play: sponsors, co-creators of value,stakeholders, investors, and filters. These roles are elements of new types of relationshipbetween fans and artists, which are manifestations of the emergence of what can be calleda "new economy of fandom." The new economy of fandom is understood here as acondition in which empowered fan communities use the democratizing potential of newsocial media to communicate and cooperate with artists, without the mediation of thetraditional recording industry. The emergence of the new economy of fandom may lead toa redefinition of what it means to be a fan. It also requires finding new theoreticalframeworks that will help analyze new types of relationships between artists and fans. Thearticle argues that concepts of value co-creation, and "prosumption" may help explain theongoing changes.
Effects of Root Pruning on Physiological Characteristics and Growth of Hybrid Rice Seedlings

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two hybrid rice varieties( F You 948 and Dexiang 4103) were used as the materials to study the effects of root pruning on the physiological characteristics,nutrient intake and growth of hybrid rice seedlings raised on sand medium for 35 days with four root pruning treatments,i. e.,whole root pruning( A1),2 /3 root pruning( A2),1 /3 root pruning( A3) and no root pruning( CK). The results showed that,within 24 hours after root pruning,all treatments with root pruning had a rise at first but a reduction later in the contents of MDA,soluble sugar and proline( Pro); the contents of MDA,soluble sugar and Pro were all greater than those of the control with no root pruning; and the more roots were pruned,the earlier the peak of these physiological traits reached and the greater the peak values were. Within 1 ~ 14 days after root pruning,all treatments with root pruning decreased to some extent in root length,root surface area,shoot and root dry matter accumulation,plant nitrogen content and nitrogen accumulation with a greater degree for heavier pruning. Different rice varieties were affected by root pruning to a different extent. It is found that F You 498 was superior to Dexiang 4103 after root pruning in this study.
Throwing Away the Key: An Examination of the Renaissance of Preventive Detention in New Zealand

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

<p>The indeterminate sentence of preventive detention has experienced a renaissance in New Zealand since the 1980s. What was once a seldom used, emergency provision intended for application to the most dangerous offenders in our society, is now used with alarming frequency: while fifteen offenders served sentences of preventive detention in 1981, the number had risen to 263 by 2014. This thesis seeks to explore the forces driving the renaissance of preventive detention in New Zealand. Throughout advanced liberal democracies, there has been a shift toward risk driven penal policy. Significant social, political, and economic changes in these societies from the 1980s onwards - such as the neoliberal reforms, and the associated uncaging of risk; social liberation and restructuring; and the cultivation of lifestyles; have contributed to, and exacerbated ontological insecurity and anxiety. The delegation of risk by the state to the individual has produced the variety of benefits and opportunities it was intended for, however it has also left people feeling insecure about their safety and wellbeing within the modern society, knowing that the shrunken state is unwilling, or unable to intervene and protect them. The expansion of preventive detention is an example of the state stepping in and performing a ‘spectacular rescue’ (Pratt and Anderson, 2016: 12). The revival and expansion of preventive detention has been part of the response of the New Zealand government to the intolerable risk of irreparable and irredeemable harm, posed by violent and sexual offenders in particular. The significant increase in the use of preventive detention is representative of a wider trend of risk driven penal policy throughout the main English speaking societies. While the parallel strand of punitive penal policy has been explored in great depth, the trend toward risk driven penal policy has elicited less focus. Within the literature, there is a lack of identification of risk driven penal policy as a separate strand of development, subject to a separate line of inquiry. This thesis seeks to add to the literature on the influence of risk, exploring it as the driving force behind the revival of preventive detention.</p>
Factors affecting the repayment of constituency youth enterprise scheme loan in Kirinyaga Central District, Central Province, Kenya

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Youth Enterprise Development Fund was conceived by the Kenyan Government in June 2006 as one of the strategies of addressing youth unemployment. The fund provides a means of livelihood, employment and income to alleviate poverty conditions among the Kenyan youths and hence a road map towards .achieving the Millennium Development Goals. However, loan default remains a challenge. \n \nThis study sought to assess the factors affecting the repayment of Constituency Youth Enterprise Scheme in Kirinyaga Central District. The study aimed at achieving the following specific objectives in Kirinyaga Central District; To find out how availability of resources affect the repayment of Constituency Youth Enterprise Scheme Loan (C- YES) in Kirinyaga Central District; to determine how time taken between application and receiving of funds affect the repayment of constituency Youth Enterprise Scheme Loan (C- YES) in Kirinyaga Central District; to determine how amount of loan given affect the repayment of Constituency Youth Enterprise Scheme Loan (C- YES) in Kirinyaga Central District; to determine how employees training influences the repayment of Constituency Youth Enterprise Scheme Loan (C- YES) in Kirinyaga Central District; to find out how follow-up measures influences the repayment of Constituency Youth Enterprise Scheme Loan (C-YES) in Kirinyaga Central District. \n \nThe findings of the study would be significant to the management of YEDF in designing support mechanisms for enhancing youth development in entrepreneurship. The study adopted survey research design. It employed both stratified sampling and simple random sampling. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire that was self-administered with the help of research assistants. The collected data was analyzed by the use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and was presented by use of frequency tables. \n \nThe main findings of the study were that there are no adequate resources to follow up on Constituency Youth Enterprise Scheme Loan (C-YES) defaulters. It took the youths above 5 months after application to receive the funds which adversely affected their businesses. The amount of loan given is also too little to start a business. Employees lacked adequate skills to carry out duties related to micro-credit. The main recommendations from the study were that adequate resources should be provided to enable smooth monitoring of all funded youth groups, fast processing of cheques, employee training and setting up of legal framework on how to handle defaulters. \n \nThe researcher suggests that further research be done on Investigate the sustainability of Constituency Youth Enterprise Scheme in Kenya. Also, the impact of the Youth Enterprise Development Fund on the lives of Kenyan youths and a similar study can also be carried out in other districts in the country to establish whether the findings are similar to those generated by this study.
[The use of stroma-free hemoglobin solutions as blood substitute].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Solutions of stroma free human hemoglobin and of polymerized hemoglobin were used for perfusion of isolated organs of the experimental animal (Wistar rats). Both preparations proved to be suited for maintainance of sufficient oxygen transport. Following intravenous infusion of greater amounts of hemoglobin or polymerized hemoglobin in the experimental animals (3.0 g/kg body weight), the renal losses amounted 30% and less than 10% respectively. Half live was only two hours in the case of hemoglobin and 13 hours with the polymerized hemoglobin, despite molecular weight was only doubled in the latter preparation. Since the minor amount of the different hemoglobin preparation was excreted by the kidneys, the greater amount was stored in the organism or metabolized respectively. The intravenous infusion did not cause chemically demonstrable signs of liver toxicity. Neither bilirubin concentration nor enzyme activity showed significant alterations. Additionally, all animals survived the high dosed intravenous infusions. However, histological evaluations showed distinct alterations caused by the hemoglobin preparations. Hemoglobin was found inside the liver parenchymal cells. The liver cells and kidney cells showed signs of toxic effects. The polymerized hemoglobin was not found in liver parenchymal cells. In contrast to hemoglobin this preparation was stored inside the Kupffer's cells. In contrast to hemoglobin the polymerized form behaves like erythrocytes. The rapid elimination of hemoglobin (half live only two hours) renders this substance unsuited for blood substitution. However, half life of polymerized hemoglobin is 13 hours, and from this point of view the polymerized form is suited for blood substitution. Considering the histologically demonstrable alterations additional experiments are required before hemoglobin solutions are used in human subjects.
Photometric Observations of Nine High Mass X-Ray Binaries and Analysis of Potential Periodicities and Variations

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Beginning with American Association of Variable Star Observers Alert Notice 348 (2007 April 6) and being continually extended and updated through 2020 April 17 with Alert Notice 377, Dr. Gordon Sarty requested continuing assistance with his ongoing radial velocity observations of High Mass X-Ray Binaries. As of Alert Notice 377, nine targets were identified. These are: 1H 1936+541, RX J2030.5+4751, V2175 Cyg, V1008 Cep, V831 Cas, RX J0440.9+4431/LS V+44 17, V420 Aur, HD 249179, and SAX J0635+0533. While these Alert Notices prioritized radial velocity observations with the objective of determining orbital periods of these binary systems, optical photometry can also reveal other periods and variations due to mass transfer, pulsations, rotations, spin rates, and other effects. This Research Note will address in more detail the observation and analysis of one of these nine High Mass X-Ray Binaries, specifically 1H 1936+541.
A cross-sectional study on the pattern of recurrence in carcinoma breast patients based on molecular subtypes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Breast cancer is a major public health issue and it is the leading cause of cancer related death in females worldwide. New insights in the cancer treatment led to considerable improvement in the survival of cancer patients. But metastasis remain an area were all sorts of conventional treatments fails and it is the cause of death of most carcinoma breast patients. In this study we aim to establish a possible link to local recurrence and distant metastasis with different biological subtypes of breast cancer.Methods: One hundred and eighty patients of carcinoma breast patients of carcinoma breast who presented with local recurrence or distant metastasis in the period of January 2018 to March 2019 in Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram were included in this study. These data were collected from the hospital records.Results: Local recurrence was most seen in triple negative (50%) subtype followed by HER2 (32.1%) enriched. Local recurrence was least among luminal A (13.8%) with a p value of 0.001. Bone metastasis was the most common type of metastasis and was most seen in luminal A (p=0.001). Triple negative had the maximum CNS metastasis with a p value of 0.003. Liver metastasis was seen mostly in luminal B (26.2%) and A (20.7%) and lung metastasis in triple negative (13.5%) and HER2/neu (10.7%). However, there was no significant association for lung or liver metastasis to any subtype.Conclusions: Biological subtypes of breast cancer classified by immunohistochemical expression of ER, PR, HER2, Ki 67 show different clinicopathological features, recurrence pattern, and survival outcomes.