jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Liberty’s Limits & Editing Humanity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Any debate about the effects of Lawrence v. Texas on American society notwithstanding, the Court’s opinion is a landmark in its own right. Lawrence’s logic placed an indelible mark on the Constitution’s central — though certainly elusive — protections of liberty. Particularly after Lawrence, substantive due process might amount to something beyond the sum of its parts. By defining liberty not merely as a collection of disconnected rights, but as a larger whole, Lawrence invites a more flexible substantive due process analysis. The foreseeable consequence of this flexible approach in fact manifested. Justice Scalia’s vision of Lawrence — that the decision would lead to a flood of litigation in the lower courts — materialized, with litigants advocating for the recognition of new fundamental rights. But even Justice Scalia would never have included in his parade of horribles the most recent effort to expand liberty’s definition: a call for the recognition of a fundamental right to edit humanity.

The argument for a fundamental right to edit humanity stems from the Court’s jurisprudence on procreative, parental, and privacy rights. The flexible language in Lawrence, too, lends its support. This Article asserts that a fundamental right to edit humanity should not be recognized. While not necessarily inconsistent with precedent, the arguments for the right to engage in therapeutic germline genome editing don’t flow naturally from the Court’s previous holdings. Further, entitling parents to use germline genome editing also poses insurmountable practical and policy-based obstacles. Most poignantly, the line-drawing method that’s been proposed will prove intractable. And, in any case, our legislative and executive branches of government are far better positioned to handle the issues raised by germline genome editing than the courts.
A new endangered species of Caperonia (Acalyphoideae, Euphorbiaceae) from South Brazil, with morphological and phylogenetic support

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Caperonia (Acalyphoideae, Euphorbiaceae) is a monophyletic genus with 36 species naturally distributed in Latin America, Africa, and Madagascar. Its greatest diversity occurs in South America, where 28 species are found. Caperonia species are herbs or subshrubs that occur exclusively in open marshy environments. Here, we describe Caperonia itapevae, a new endangered species known from a single record from South Brazil, based on extensive morphological study and phylogenetic data.
Clinical significance of macrophage migration inhibitory factor as a new tumor marker for gastric cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To detect the serum levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor( MIF) in patients with gastric cancer, and to evaluate its application value in the diagnosis of gastric cancer. Methods We used ELISA to detect the serum MIF in 106 patients with gastric cancer,48 patients with gastritis and 50 healthy controls, simultaneous determination of carcinoembryonic antigen CEA. The multivariate logistic regression analysis and univariate receiver operating characteristic(ROC) analyses were done for CEA and MIF. Results The average MIF concentration(4586 pg/ml) in gastric cancer patients was significantly higher than in gastritis patients(1602.4 pg/ml) and healthy donors(1105.6pg/ml),the differences were statistically significant(P0.05).The MIF levels were not related with sex, age and pathology types,but the level of serum MIF in patients with gastric cancer increased with stage of the tumor and the difference was statistically significant(P0.05),significantly higher than that without metastasis metastatic gastric cancer MIF level in patients with lymph node(P0.05). According to the analysis of ROC curve, the critical value of MIF detection in gastric cancer was 3018 pg/ml in the diagnosis of maximum efficiency, the sensitivity was 79.4%, specificity was 85.1%. The value of combined detection of MIF and CEA is higher than single diagnosis(P0.05). Conclusion We conclude that MIF is a promising new biomarker for gastric cancer, and the combination of MIF and CEA increase the sensitivity and specificity of detection of gastric cancer.
Review: Consolation Prize podcast. Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media, George Mason University

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Review| November 01 2021 Review: Consolation Prize podcast. Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media, George Mason University Consolation Prize podcast. Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media, George Mason University. Abby Mullen, Megan Brett, Kris Stinson, Deepthi Murali, Brenna Reilley, Andrew Cote, Hosts. http://consolationprize.rrchnm.org. Accessed July-August 2021. Kristin L. Ahlberg Kristin L. Ahlberg Office of the Historian, US Department of State Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The views expressed in this podcast review are my own and not necessarily those of the United States Government and the Department of State. The Public Historian (2021) 43 (4): 121–123. https://doi.org/10.1525/tph.2021.43.4.121 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Kristin L. Ahlberg; Review: Consolation Prize podcast. Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media, George Mason University. The Public Historian 1 November 2021; 43 (4): 121–123. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/tph.2021.43.4.121 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Public Historian Search In the ingeniously named Consolation Prize podcast series, historians affiliated with the Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media at George Mason University attempt to elucidate and elevate the role of US consul in the conduct of US diplomacy. They operate from the assumption that public understanding of a consul’s function within the larger Department of State and Foreign Service is amorphous and limited at best (for example, representing the United States abroad) and endeavor to explain why consular work is critical to the protection of both Americans and their interests abroad. By focusing on the multiple roles that consuls play—both historically and contemporaneously—and situating these consuls in time and geographic space, the podcast producers allow the listeners to connect these stories to ongoing discussions concerning race, gender, labor, and identity. In so doing, the producers and invited scholars offer a more complicated and, ultimately, more valuable history of... You do not currently have access to this content.
Structure of the helicase core of Werner helicase, a key target in microsatellite instability cancers

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Loss of WRN, a DNA repair helicase, was identified as a strong vulnerability of microsatellite instable (MSI) cancers, making WRN a promising drug target. We show that ATP binding and hydrolysis are required for genome integrity and viability of MSI cancer cells. We report a 2.2-Å crystal structure of the WRN helicase core (517–1,093), comprising the two helicase subdomains and winged helix domain but not the HRDC domain or nuclease domains. The structure highlights unusual features. First, an atypical mode of nucleotide binding that results in unusual relative positioning of the two helicase subdomains. Second, an additional β-hairpin in the second helicase subdomain and an unusual helical hairpin in the Zn 2+ binding domain. Modelling of the WRN helicase in complex with DNA suggests roles for these features in the binding of alternative DNA structures. NMR analysis shows a weak interaction between the HRDC domain and the helicase core, indicating a possible biological role for this association. Together, this study will facilitate the structure-based development of inhibitors against WRN helicase.
Frequency selection for compounding synthetic aperture ultrasound images

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In ultrasound imaging range resolution is proportional to the bandwidth of the transmitted pulse; however, noise also increases with frequency and forces a compromise in imaging accuracy. By compounding multiple synthetic aperture ultrasound images from different frequencies, both the resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be improved, unlike when averaging multiple scans at a single frequency, which would only increase SNR. This paper describes a technique for frequency compounding of synthetic aperture ultrasound images and a practical test setup is introduced for frequency selection for imaging systems consisting of a single piezoelectric transducer and a variable-frequency pulser. An example is provided in which point-scatterers in water are scanned along a linear path at frequencies of 16 to 21 MHz. The resulting multi-frequency imaging increases peak SNR by 13% more than single-frequency averaging with the same number of scans and reduces the range-domain support of the point-spread function by 30%.
Wide-Screen Television and Home Movies

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this article, Tom Steward uses past interrelations of television and cinema spectatorship, exhibition, production and aesthetics to historicize phenomenological digital-era discourses on, ontological definitions of, and cultural arguments about television and cinema convergence. He argues that television and cinema assisted in defining each other as late 20th Century media and cultural forms, have a multi-directional industrial and artistic flow, and are often interdependent in reception and distribution. Television and cinema convergence demonstrates the need for historical breadth in media convergence theory and an understanding of medium-specificity that incorporates interactions with other media.
A local criterion for the Saito-Kurokawa lifting of cuspforms with characters

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let f be a holomorphic degree-2 Siegel cuspform of weight κ, level N , and nebentype a primitive Dirichlet character χ.Let f be an eigenfunction of the regular Hecke operators Tp, T p 2 at primes p N and an eigenfunction of the Frobenius operators Πp and their duals Π * p at primes p|N .For certain χ, we give conditions on the Satake parameters of f which imply that f is lifted from an elliptic cuspform φ of weight 2κ -2, level N , and nebentype χ 2 .We also show that for such f and φ, the eigenvalues of the Frobenius operators on f are eigenvalues of Hecke operators on φ.
Exploring the Mathematical Thinking of Bilingual Primary-Grade Students: CGI Problem Solving From Kindergarten Through 2nd Grade

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study explores the mathematical thinking of native Spanish-speaking, primary-grade Latina/o students learning in bilingual classrooms where the majority of their mathematics instruction has been in Spanish. Guided by sociocultural theory, which emphasizes the important connection between language and conceptual development (Mahn, 2008; Sfard, 2001; Van Oers, 2001; Zack & Graves, 2001), and the theory and methods of Cognitively Guided Instruction [CGI] (Carpenter, Ansell, Franke, Fennema & Weisbeck, 1993; Carpenter, Fennema & Franke, 1994; Carpenter, Fennema & Franke, 1996; Carpenter, Fennema, Franke, Levi & Empson, 1999; Fennema, Franke, Carpenter & Carey, 1993; Turner, Celedón-Pattichis & Marshall, 2008), data were collected on students developing abilities to solve CGI problems and explain their thinking about their solutions. An expanded notion of mathematical explanations and discourse was used in the analysis that goes beyond student language to include their gestures, the tools they selected as problem solving aids, and their drawings and equations (Gee & Green, 1998; Moschkovich, 2002). This qualitative, longitudinal study is based on individual CGI interviews with four students over the course of their first three years in school and follows a grounded theory tradition (Creswell, 1998; Glaser & Strauss, 1980) to uncover themes in their mathematical thinking. The overarching motivation for this research was one of equity where the broader methodology sought to encourage a high-quality mathematics learning environment for Spanish-speaking, Mexican immigrant students in bilingual classrooms (Secada & De La Cruz, 1996). Groundbreaking findings from this study add to the literature on how young students make sense of the numbers in mathematical word problems (Fuson, 1988). The findings demonstrate that students are making sense of the numbers in fundamentally different ways and carry major implications for CGI theory, mathematics teaching and learning, and sociocultural theory. Of particular interest to the field of bilingual education is the way students engage with CGI problems when the problems have been contextualized within students' native language and culture (Cummins, 2001; Secada & De La Cruz, 1996). Additionally, this study demonstrates how bilingual students use two languages, Spanish and English, to explain their mathematical thinking and describe their problem solving strategies.'
Cetylpyridinium tetrachlorozincate as standard for tenside titration. Analytical methods with 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DBH) in respect to environmental and economical concern, part 19.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The determination of the cationic active disinfectants benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, cetrimide, and cetylpyridinium chloride according to PH. EUR. 2002 resp. supplement 4.3/2003 can be improved using the DBH-method. By application of column extraction the iodide determination can be performed in the organic layer by visual indication. However, titration in aqueous solution with sodium dodecyl sulphate as titrant and methyl orange resp. bromophenol blue as indicator can be performed more simple. Cetylpyridinium tetrachlorozincate is recommended as a standard for tenside titration.
Influence of Gelatin-Thrombin Matrix Tissue Sealant on Bacterial Colony Formation and Risk of Pelvic Infection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective . Gelatin-thrombin matrix (GTM) tissue sealant use was previously identified as an independent predictor of pelvic infection following hysterectomies. We aim to elucidate contributing factors by assessing influence of GTM on bacterial colony formation and characterizing bacteria present at the vaginal cuff. Methods . Escherichia coli was incubated in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and pelvic washings with and without GTM to assess influence on colony formation. Pelvic washings of the vaginal cuff were collected from hysterectomies occurring from June through October 2015. In vitro techniques, 16S rRNA gene qPCR, and 16S amplicon sequencing were performed with washings to characterize bacteria at the vaginal cuff. Results . Mean bacterial colony formation in PBS was greater for E. coli incubated in the presence of GTM (1.48 × 10 7 CFU/mL) versus without (9.95 × 10 5 CFU/mL) following 20-hour incubation (p=0.001). Out of 61 pelvic washings samples, 3 were culture positive (≥5000 CFU/mL) with Enterococcus faecalis . Conclusion . In vitro experiments support a facilitating role of GTM on colony formation of E. coli in PBS. However, given the negative results of surgical site washings following adequate disinfection, the role of GTM in promoting posthysterectomy pelvic infections may be limited. Analysis of pelvic washings revealed presence of E. faecalis , but results were inconclusive. Further studies are recommended.
Library Resources and Services in Tamilnadu State Central Library (Connemara Public Library)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

It is a known fact that Chennai city has a well-defined place when talking about landmark buildings, which have gone down the annals of history- Connemara library, certainly a pride of Madras is not only heaven for book lovers and research Scholars, the building by its sheer architectural beauty and marvel acquires a special significance as part of the history of Madras City. Public library is largely regarded as the People's University. It has tremendous developments in India from the early period to till date at various stages. Most of the Indian states now have free public library services to develop the people of India at different levels, which can be stated as below briefly. Majority of the users prefer to search documents directly from the stack room. The main purpose of visiting the library by the users is to prepare for completive examinations and some other purposes are to study in the library and to update their subject knowledge. The general book services provided by the library are highly useful. The Reference services provided by the library are highly useful. The users are satisfied with the information provided in the library. All the services available on the library except latest collections are found to be at satisfactory level. Nearly 7.5 lakhs of collection of books are available in the library. Selection of books is done by book selection committee. Nearly four hundred books are issued daily to the public The uses can retain the book for a maximum of 14 days. The users can renew the books for another three times either through phone or in person. A minimum amount of Rupees two per week is charged as overdue charge.
Generalization Evaluation of a Nonlinear Auto-Regressive Neural Network for PON Technologies

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Building robust models with high generalization capability that can efficiently solve problems in a wide range of situations is essential to promote the development of enabling technologies. In this context, this paper evaluates the generalization capacity of a nonlinear autoregressive with external input neural network (NARXNET) for a passive optical network (PON). We adopted this type of neural network, given its applicability for nonlinear filtering processes, in which the target output is a noise-free version of the input signal. The built NARXNET was assessed with eight extra distinct experimental data sets demonstrating average RMSE and R2 values of 0.295 and 0.961, respectively, with a high generalization capability. Furthermore, NARXNET showed a fast training time of 240 seconds and an improved eye diagram for on-off keying (OOK) modulation format on a PON system.
Insider Trading without Normality

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we analyse the existence and uniqueness of equilibrium in a particular class of monopolistic rational expectations models. We show the equivalence between the Kyle (1985) model of insider trading where the insider observes the amount of noise trading and the Kyle (1989) model of informed speculation when there is one risk-neutral insider and many risk-neutral market makers. We show that in these two equivalent models: (i) There exists a unique equilibrium independently of the distribution of uncertainty; (ii) This equilibrium minimizes the expected gains of the informed agent under incentive compatibility constraints. We extend our results to a class of signalling games.
ASSYMETRIC CAUSAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN OIL PRICES, OIL CONSUMPTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION IN TURKEY

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The global economy is highly dependent on oil due to its densely use as a primary energy source. For this reason, changes in oil prices can affect countries through many economic and environmental channels. Based on this motivation, in this study, the relations between oil prices, oil consumption and environmental degradation are investigated with Hatemi-J (2012) asymmetric causality analysis, which takes into account positive and negative shocks, in Turkey in the 1987-2020 periods. Empirical findings show that there are causal links between oil prices, oil consumption and environmental degradation in Turkey differs according to positive and negative shocks. According to this; negative shocks in oil consumption and positive shocks in oil prices cause positive shocks in environmental degradation, negative shocks in environmental degradation cause positive shocks in oil consumption and negative shocks in oil prices cause negative shocks in environmental degradation. Although there is no causal relationship between oil prices and oil consumption, environmental degradation is associated with both oil prices and oil consumption. These findings reveal that oil should be considered as an important component in environmental improvement policies in Turkey.
A compact, cost-effective diffuse reflectance spectroscopic imaging system for quantitative tissue absorption and scattering

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

There is clinical utility for a wide-field, spectroscopic imaging device for quantitative tissue absorption and scattering in a number of applications. We present the design of a compact, cost-effective spectroscopic imaging system, which consists of a broadband source with bandpass filters and a light guide for illumination and an inexpensive array of silicon photodiodes for detection. A single-pixel version of the system was tested in liquid phantoms simulating a wide range of human breast tissue and optical properties can be extracted with absorption and reduced scattering errors of 12.6% and 4.7%, respectively. We show proof-of-concept for performing fast, wide-field spectroscopic imaging with a simple design. The design also allows for scaling and expansion into higher pixel number and density in future iterations of custom device design, which includes in-house photodiode array fabrication processes and integration of on-board current amplifier circuits.
Loss of α‐tocopherol upon exposure to nitric oxide or the sydnonimine SIN‐1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

SIN‐1 which spontaneously decomposes to yield nitric oxide (NO . and Superoxide anion (O 2 .− radicals caused a loss of microsomal α‐tocopherol paralleled by the formation of α‐tocopheryl quinone. The loss was partially prevented by Superoxide dismutase but not by catalase. The SIN‐1‐induced loss of α‐tocopherol also occurred when tocopherol was dissolved in ethanol/potassium phosphate buffer (20/80, v/v). Likewise, addition of authentic NO . to α‐tocopherol dissolved in ethanol resulted in loss of the vitamin and quinone formation. These results suggest that NO . or its products such as peroxynitrite or nitrogen dioxide react with α‐tocopherol, the quinone derivative being a major oxidation product. Depletion of vitamin E by NO . may contribute to tissue injury, e.g. in neuronal tissues.
Stiffness detection and reduction in discrete stochastic simulation of biochemical systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Typical multiscale biochemical models contain fast-scale and slow-scale reactions, where fast reactions fire much more frequently than slow ones. This feature often causes stiffness in discrete stochastic simulation methods such as Gillespie's algorithm and tau-leaping methods leading to inefficient simulation. This paper proposes a new strategy to automatically detect stiffness and identify species that cause stiffness. Stiffness reduction methods are also discussed. Numerical results on a heat shock protein regulation model demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method for multiscale biochemical systems.
A Case of the Bilateral Parotid Gland Swelling Following General Anesthesia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

軽度の耳下腺腫脹と著明な血清アミラーゼ値の上昇により術後耳下腺炎と診断された症例を経験した.耳下腺の腫脹は手術後1日目から6日間持続したが,炎症症状を欠き,局部の冷却湿布と通常の上腹部手術術後管理に準じた抗生剤および輸液管理により軽快した.耳下腺腫脹の原因としては手術中のバツキングによる腹圧上昇,気管内チューブによる咽頭反射の亢進による唾液腺の静脈うっ血に起因する耳下腺管の閉塞が考えられた.術後耳下腺炎はまれな合併症であるが,日常の麻酔管理における操作が原因となりうることを常に銘記すべきと思われた.