jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Impact of Agricultural Credit on Economic Growth in Nigeria

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study’s aim was to examine the influence of agricultural credit on Nigeria's economic growth for the period of 1981-2017. Data is sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin and world development indicator (WDI). The detailed objectives are to analyze the effect of the Agricultural credit guarantee scheme fund (ACGSF) and the deposit money bank credit to agric sector (DMBCA) on Nigeria's Economic Growth. Data was analyzed using the test for stationarity, Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). ARDL is adopted due to the mixed order of stationarity of the variables at levels and first difference. From the research results, it was established, in the long run, that DMBCA is significant and there exists a direct relationship, only in the short run, and the ACGSF is insignificant both the short and long run but has a direct relation in the short run and an inverse relationship in the long-run. Therefore, it is recommended, that the Federal Government should make coordinated attempts to ensure that farmers especially small-scale farmers have easy access to the financial aids and grants provided and the funds should be disbursed appropriately and adequately without any hitch.
Oral health behaviours of parents and young children in a practice‐based caries prevention trial in Northern Ireland

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives The NICPIP trial evaluated the costs and effects of a caries prevention intervention delivered to 2‐ to 3‐year‐old children attending dental practices in Northern Ireland. This supplementary study explored the oral health behaviours of children and their parents to help understand the reasons for the trial's findings. Methods A mixed methods study that included a questionnaire completed by all parents (n = 1058) at the time they brought their child for the NICPIP final clinical assessment. The questionnaire collected data on frequency of toothbrushing and sugar consumption. Questionnaire data were analysed by trial group and caries status. Parents of trial participants (n = 42) were invited to take part in telephone interviews. Parents were purposively sampled according to trial group and whether or not their child developed caries. The interviews explored how and why oral health behaviours happened. Interview data were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Results The questionnaire data indicated that toothbrushing and between‐meal sugar snacking were common in the majority of children. The children of parents who automatically reminded their child to brush their teeth were more likely to remain caries‐free (Odds Ratio 1.24; 95% CI 1.08, 1.41; P = .002). Frequency of sweet drink consumption was associated with the child developing caries (Odds Ratio 0.88; 95% CI 0.79, 0.98; P = .021). The interview data showed that parents had positive attitudes towards brushing both in terms of perceived importance and expected outcomes. Attitudes towards sugar snacking were more complex, with parents reporting difficulties in controlling this behaviour. Sugar was described as being something that was “ever present” in children's lives. Conclusions Toothbrushing was widely adopted from a young age, but between‐meal sugar consumption was highly prevalent. The results suggest that effective family‐level and population‐level interventions are needed to reduce sugar consumption if substantial improvements in caries prevention are to be achieved.
Oryza sativa Linnaeus IRGC 54653

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Oryza sativa Linnaeus
Common name(s): Rice
Other names: CHERUCHEERA
Conserved by: International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Philippines
Local sample unique identifier: IRGC 54653
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1978-05-02
Other identifiers: n/a,393963
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
MLS status: Art. 15 collection
Algorithmic information theory

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This article is a brief guide to the field of algorithmic information theory (AIT), its underlying philosophy, and the most important concepts. AIT arises by mixing information theory and computation theory to obtain an objective and absolute notion of information in an individual object, and in so doing gives rise to an objective and robust notion of randomness of individual objects. This is in contrast to classical information theory that is based on random variables and communication, and has no bearing on information and randomness of individual objects. After a brief overview, the major subfields, applications, history, and a map of the field are presented.
The Effect of Operating Cash Flow And Dividend Payout Ratio On Stock Returns of PT. Mayora Indah

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Dividend payments that tend to decline in food and beverage industry companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange have an impact on company performance, which will be reported in the form of financial reports published annually. Financial reports have an important role in reducing the negative view of dividends in investment. This study aims to analyze the effect of operating cash flow and dividend payout ratio on stock returns at PT Mayora Indah Tbk for the period 2018–2021. The research method used is quantitative data with a population of 24 food and beverage subsector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and a sample of 1 company with purposeful sampling analysis. The results of the study prove that operating cash flow has no significant effect on stock returns and dividend payout ratio has a significant effect on stock returns, and simultaneously, the operating cash flow and dividend payout ratio variables affect the stock returns of PT Mayora Indah Tbk for the period 2018–2021. This research is a material consideration and input for companies in carrying out policies that can affect stock returns in the company.
Fetal Exposure to Sertraline Hydrochloride Impairs Pancreatic β-Cell Development

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Ten percent to 15% of women take selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants during pregnancy. Offspring exposed to SSRIs are more likely to have low birth weight; this is associated with an increased risk of development of diabetes in adulthood in part due to altered pancreatic development. The effects of perinatal exposure to SSRIs on pancreatic development are unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of fetal exposure to sertraline hydrochloride on pregnancy outcomes and pancreatic development. Wistar rats were given vehicle (n = 5) or sertraline hydrochloride (10 mg/kg/d; n = 8) via daily subcutaneous injection from the confirmation of mating until parturition. Results from this animal model demonstrated that offspring born to sertraline-exposed dams have no changes in birth weight but had a reduction in pancreatic β-cell area. The altered pancreatic islet development was a result of altered gene expression regulating islet development and survival. Therefore, fetal exposure to sertraline reduces β-cell capacity at birth, raising concerns regarding the long-term metabolic sequelae of such exposures.
Herd behavior in the container ship market

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The basic hypothesis of Traditional finance theory who relevant to the existence of rational investors & efficient markets has challenged in many cases. The rational ability of participants in a market is one of the basics hypotheses of Efficient Market Theory. (Fama 1970) Recent empirical studies have demonstrated that investors (ownerships) behave systematically not rationally. (D. Ariely2008) The not rational behavior of ship-owners was resulted of Asymmetric information and noise. Such as has declared the Professor Shiller in his lectures: ‘’Things are not perfect, the world is not perfect and in the world there are real people’’. (Shiller 2003) The emergence of the crisis of 2008 with the collapse of the Lehman brothers and the destabilization of the markets, (in our case Container-ship market), highlighted the importance of Behavior in shaping the economic, social & financial environment. A crucial step to understand the Herd Behavior is the Prospect Theory (Kahneman & Tversky’s 1979). An investor always looks the prospects which possibly presented. When investors (with the help of favorable economic environment), see prospects for a market (in our case Container-ship) invest. However, in many cases the investors exceed the level of optimism & easily arrive at the point ‘’Greed’’. At this point ‘’Greed’’ the investors taking the biggest investment risk.
Ordered Domain (Raft) Formation in Asymmetric Vesicles and Its Induction upon Loss of Lipid Asymmetry in Artificial and Natural Membranes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Lipid asymmetry, the difference in the lipid composition in the inner and outer lipid monolayers (leaflets) of a membrane, is an important feature of eukaryotic plasma membranes. Investigation of the biophysical consequences of lipid asymmetry has been aided by advances in the ability to prepare artificial asymmetric membranes, especially by use of cyclodextrin-catalyzed lipid exchange. This review summarizes recent studies with artificial asymmetric membranes which have identified conditions in which asymmetry can induce or suppress the ability of membranes to form ordered domains (rafts). A consequence of the latter effect is that, under some conditions, a loss of asymmetry can induce ordered domain formation. An analogous study in plasma membrane vesicles has demonstrated that asymmetry can also suppress domain formation in natural membranes. Thus, it is possible that a loss of asymmetry can induce domain formation in vivo.
Biannual Administrations of Azithromycin and the Gastrointestinal Microbiome of Malawian Children: A Nested Cohort Study Within a Randomized Controlled Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Community-level mass treatment with azithromycin has been associated with a mortality benefit in children. However, antibiotic exposures result in disruption of the gut microbiota and repeated exposures may reduce recovery of the gut flora. We conducted a nested cohort study within the framework of a randomized controlled trial to examine associations between mass drug administration (MDA) with azithromycin and the gut microbiota of rural Malawian children aged between 1 and 59 months. Fecal samples were collected from the children at baseline and 6 months after two or four biannual rounds of azithromycin treatment. DNA was extracted from fecal samples and V4-16S rRNA sequencing used to characterize the gut microbiota. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla while Faecalibacterium and Bifidobacterium were the most prevalent genera. There were no associations between azithromycin treatment and changes in alpha diversity, however, four biannual rounds of treatment were associated with increased abundance of Prevotella. The lack of significant changes in gut microbiota after four biannual treatments supports the use of mass azithromycin treatment to reduce mortality in children living in low- and middle-income settings.
Promoting successful participation of people living with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in pain-related neuroimaging research studies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Recruitment and retention of participants for pain-related neuroimaging research is challenging and becomes increasingly so when research participants have a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). This article shares the authors' recommendations from several years of successful recruitment and completion of pain-related neuroimaging studies of people living with ADRD and includes supportive literature. While not an exhaustive list, this review covers several topics related to recruitment and retention of participants living with ADRD, including community engagement, capacity to consent, dementia diagnostic criteria, pain medication and other study exclusion criteria, participant and caregiver burden, communication concerns, and relationships with neuroimaging facilities. Threaded throughout the paper are important cultural considerations. Additionally, we discuss implications of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic for recruitment. Once tailored to specific research study protocols, these proven strategies may assist researchers with successfully recruiting and retaining participants living with ADRD for pain-related neuroimaging research studies toward improving overall health outcomes.
A taxonomic reassessment ofOphiopsis(Halecomorphi, Ionoscopiformes), with a revision of Upper Jurassic species from the Solnhofen Archipelago, and a new genus of Ophiopsidae

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Although the type species of Ophiopsis was long considered O. procera, the genus originally included the single species Ophiopsis muensteri, which subsequent authors moved to Furo. Following the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature code, Furo muensteri is here recognized as the type species of Ophiopsis by monotypy (Article 68.3). Ophiopsiella, gen. nov., is erected to include all remaining previously described 'Ophiopsis' species. Exceptionally well preserved new Ophiopsiella attenuata from the Upper Jurassic plattenkalk of Ettling (Bavaria, Germany) represents the first record of this species from Ettling, allowing for a partial revision of it and Ophiopsiella procera. New evidence allows for an emended diagnosis of Ophiopsiella attenuata, which differs from all other Ophiopsidae in the following combination of features: 27–28 dorsal fin rays, 42 vertical scale rows, and a long, low, posteroventrally inclined dorsal fin lacking elongate anterior fin rays or a strongly concave posterior border. A neotype for O. attenuata is designated, as the type is lost. 'Ophiopsis' attenuata actually contains two anatomically different morphotypes corresponding to distinct species, one of which is indistinguishable from 'Ophiopsis' procera. Exceptional preservation of the new material provides new morphological information, particularly regarding the dermal cranial bones. This revision changes the known distribution of ophiopsids in the Upper Jurassic of southern Germany and France, with possible broader paleobiogeographic and paleoecological implications for this region during the Late Jurassic. Ophiopsids remain poorly known compared with other halecomorphs (e.g., Amiidae), and closer investigation of their morphology and taxonomic relationships is therefore important to understanding broader patterns of halecomorph evolution.http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6B250A32-9FAA-4EF6-9D91-6D1C5E91E547
A New Two-Parametric Maxwell-Rayleigh Distribution: Application to the Analysis of Engineering Data

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this study a new generalisation of Rayleigh Distribution has been studied and referred it is as “A New Two-Parametric Maxwell-Rayleigh Distribution”. This distribution is obtained by adopting T-X family procedure. Several distributional properties of the formulated distribution including moments, moment generating function, Characteristics function and incomplete moments have been discussed. The expressions for ageing properties have been derived and discussed explicitly. The behaviour of the pdf and Hazard rate function has been illustrated through different graphs. The parameters are estimated through the technique of MLE. Eventually the versatility and the efficacy of the formulated distribution have been examined through real life data sets related to engineering science.
(No) dimming of X-ray clusters beyond z ∼ 1 at fixed mass: crude redshifts and masses from raw X-ray and SZ data

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Scaling relations in the LCDM Cosmology predict that for a given mass the\nclusters formed at larger redshift are hotter, denser and therefore more\nluminous in X-rays than their local z~0 counterparts. This effect overturns the\ndecrease in the observable X-ray flux so that it does not decrease at z > 1,\nsimilar to the SZ signal. Provided that scaling relations remain valid at\nlarger redshifts, X-ray surveys will not miss massive clusters at any redshift,\nno matter how far they are. At the same time, the difference in scaling with\nmass and distance of the observable SZ and X-ray signals from galaxy clusters\nat redshifts $z\\lesssim 2$ offers a possibility to crudely estimate the\nredshift and the mass of a cluster. This might be especially useful for\npreselection of massive high-redshift clusters and planning of optical\nfollow-up for overlapping surveys in X-ray (e.g., by SRG/eRosita) and SZ (e.g.\nPlanck, SPT and ACT).\n
The impact of environmental quality on public health expenditure in Malaysia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Health is one important factor in the development of human capital. Good health will
lead to increased levels of productivity. This study was conducted to examine the cointegration
between environmental quality and socio economic factor for national health expenditure. This study used secondary data from the World Bank Indicators and the Department of Statistics Malaysia. This analysis employs annual time series data on real per capita Health Expenditure (HE), real per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) and Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) emission in metric tonnes per capita, Fertility Rate (FR), Mortality Rate (MR) infant per 1,000 live births. The data were obtained from World Bank Development Indicator (WDI) and spanned over the period 1970 – 2013. This data was analyzed using the
software E-views and the methodology applied was a co-integration and ARDL approach in order to explore the possibility of estimating both short and long run impacts of environmental quality. The study found that GDP, CO2, MR, FR, NO2 and SO2 could be treated as having relationship which health expenditure in the long run in Malaysia. SO2, fertility and infant mortality rate showed a significant factor in the country's health expenditures affect substantially. The new generation is an important element in ensuring the continuance and sustainability of national development in the future.
Statement of Retraction: Long non-coding RNA CCAT1 promotes multiple myeloma progression by acting as a molecular sponge of miR-181a-5p to modulate HOXA1 expression

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This article refers to:RETRACTED ARTICLE: Long non-coding RNA CCAT1 promotes multiple myeloma progression by acting as a molecular sponge of miR-181a-5p to modulate HOXA1 expression
Clip thinking in the digital age: complementary or contradictory

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This paper explores the concept of "Clip Thinking" in the context of the digital age and investigates whether it is a complimentary or contradictory approach. Clip Thinking refers to the tendency of individuals to consume information and ideas in short, fragmented, and easily digestible formats, often facilitated by social media platforms and digital technologies. While Clip Thinking offers benefits such as quick access to diverse perspectives and efficient information processing, it also raises concerns about shallow engagement, echo chambers, and reduced critical thinking skills. This study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys, to gather insights from participants representing different age groups, educational backgrounds, and digital media consumption habits. The qualitative interviews delve into participants' motivations, habits, and experiences related to Clip Thinking, providing an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon. The quantitative surveys measure participants' information consumption patterns, cognitive abilities, and attitudes towards Clip Thinking. On one hand, participants appreciate the convenience and accessibility offered by short, clipped content. They find it easier to navigate the overwhelming information landscape, rapidly browse topics of interest, and connect with a broader range of ideas. On the other hand, concerns emerge regarding the potential for information overload, reduced attention spans, and a lack of depth in understanding complex issues. Participants express worries about the erosion of critical thinking skills and the creation of filter bubbles that reinforce pre-existing beliefs. By analyzing the data collected, this paper aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the impacts of Clip Thinking on individuals' cognitive processes, decision-making abilities, and overall information consumption habits. The study's conclusions will inform educators, policymakers, and media platforms about the challenges and opportunities associated with promoting a balanced information ecosystem in the digital age.
A Comparative Study of the Effect of Anatomical Site on Multiple Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Rats

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from adipose tissue are evolved into various cell-based regenerative approaches. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) isolated from rats are commonly used in tissue engineering studies. Still, there is a gap in knowledge about how the harvest locations influence and guide cell differentiation. This study aims to investigate how the harvesting site affects stem-cell-specific surface markers expression, pluripotency, and differentiation potential of ASCs in female Sprague Dawley rats. ASCs were extracted from the adipose tissue of the peri-ovarian, peri-renal, and mesenteric depots and were compared in terms of cell morphology. MSCs phenotype was validated by cell surfaces markers using flow cytometry. Moreover, pluripotent gene expression of Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, Rex-1, and Tert was evaluated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). ASCs multipotency was evaluated by specific histological stains, and the results were confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) expression analysis of specific genes. There was a non-significant difference detected in the cell morphology and immunophenotype between different harvesting sites. ASCs from multiple locations were significantly varied in their capacity to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblastic cells, and chondrocytes. To conclude, depot selection is a critical element that should be considered when using ASCs in tissue-specific cell-based regenerative therapies research.