jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Fig. 4 in First record of the millipede family Haplodesmidae (Diplopoda: Polydesmida) from Colombia: two new species of Inodesmus Cook, 1896 from the Northern Andes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fig. 4. Teratologies in Inodesmus mesibovi sp. nov., female paratype (MHN-UPN-MD-177). A. Anterior part of body. B. Middle part of the body. The numbers 6 and 9 correspond to the body ring number. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.
Character Education Through JEMOYA Cycle Based on the Orientation of Tri Hita Karana Philosophy in Elementary School

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to develop the systematic character education for elementary schools, through JEMOYA cycle based on the orientation of Tri Hita Karana philosophy.The cycle consists of explaining, modeling, and cultivation activities.The explaining activity was administered to students, followed by conducting workshop for teachers and school staff so they can act as a role model for their students, in which the valued character then being cultivated into school culture.Two schools were being entailed in this study.206 students along with 18 teachers from both schools served as the subject of this study.Focus Group Discussion was done to formulate: (1) character values based on the orientation of Tri Hita Karana philosophy, which then being integrated with national character education principals, (2) implementation strategy based on Tri Hita Karana philosophy and the assessment for the values.The results show that teachers' ability to implement character education based on the orientation of Tri Hita Karana philosophy was categorized good with the average score 3.85.The students' character based on national character education principals was developing with the average score 3.40 and the students' character based on the orientation of Tri Hita Karana philosophy was developing with the average score 3.55.
Satellite-Derived Cumulus Cloud Statistics for Western Kansas

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Increasing world population, decreasing grain reserves and current farm total income levels have aroused interest in new methods that may lead to increased crop production across the Great Plains. Precipitation modification schemes are one such method. Success depends on many factors, especially knowledge of cumulus cloud characteristics during the growing season. We present some cumulus cloud statistics for the months May–September based on analysis of once-per-day satellite products for a limited region (western Kansas) and show that frequency, size and distance between cumulus elements vary substantially on a monthly and yearly basis across the study area. More clouds were recorded in the northwest and southeast portions of the study region. Areas of highest cloud numbers migrated from southeast to northwest from May to September for any given year and for the four-year sample. Eightysix percent of all observed clouds had radii less than 4 km with clouds more closely spaced across the central part of the study area. Results should be useful in energy budget, evapotranspiration and other research efforts as well as weather modification programs.
The third chromosome inversion polymorphisms in northern populations of Drosophila persimilis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The third chromosome arrangements of northern populations of Drosophila persimilis were reexamined for comparison with their frequencies four decades ago. A total of nine arrangements were found to occur, including four new arrangements. Photographs of all of the arrangements are provided, including homokaryotypes and the most informative of the heterokaryotypes. The frequencies of the most common arrangements have remained relatively constant over the 40-year span since the only previous analysis. The only changes are a slight decrease in the frequency of the Klamath arrangement, with an increase in the frequencies of the rare arrangements.Key words: Drosophila persimilis, chromosome polymorphisms, inversions.
TPN10466 ameliorates Concanavalin A‐induced autoimmune hepatitis in mice via inhibiting ERK/JNK/p38 signaling pathway

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) eventually progresses to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma, causing irreversible damage to the liver. Concanavalin A‐induced hepatitis in mice is a well‐established model with pathophysiology similar to that of immune‐mediated liver injury in human viral and autoimmune hepatitis, and it has been widely used to explore the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of human immune hepatitis. Artemisinin has been shown to exhibit anti‐inflammatory effects through unclear mechanisms. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of the artemisinin derivative TPN10466 on AIH. In vitro studies showed that TPN10466 dose dependently inhibited the percentage of IFN‐γ‐producing T cells. Further studies showed that TPN10466 attenuated the disease severity of AIH by downregulating the ability of lymphocytes to secrete IFN‐γ and by reducing lymphocyte number in the liver. In addition, we found that TPN10466 treatment reduced T‐cell responses by inhibiting JNK, ERK, and p38 pathways. In conclusion, our work suggests that TPN10466 provides protection against the autoimmune disease AIH by suppressing the inflammatory response of T cells, suggesting that TPN10466 may be a promising potential agent for the treatment of AIH.
Clinical thromboembolic detterrent stockings application: Are thromboembolic detterrent stockings in practice matching manufacturers application guidelines

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background Thromboembolic detterrent (TED) stockings have been shown to be effective in the reduction of thromboembolic events in post operative patients. These manufactured stockings create graduated compression from ankle to calf. Aim To assess whether the manufacturers' recommendations for application were being met in a District general hospital setting and whether this achieved the desired gradient of compression. Methods We carried out pressure measurements on 100 legs in post-operative patients and recorded reasons for poorly fitting stockings. Pressure measurements were taken at standard positions around calf and ankle using a pre-calibrated subbandage pressure measuring device. Results About 20% of stockings were worn incorrectly by patients. Median pressure applied at the ankle was 13 mmHg (range, 6.5–18.5) compared to the manufacturers' intended compression of 18 mmHg. Only 14% of the stockings showed an acceptable gradation of reduced pressure between ankle and calf. About 23% of the stockings exerted a positive pressure at calf level compared to the ankle. Conclusion Most TED stockings do not produce a standardised Siegel profile pressure gradient decrease from ankle to calf. This may be due in part to fluid changes after surgery in combination with the large variation in size of lower limbs. Our District general hospital utilises three of the six sizes of TED stocking, and remeasurement was not taking place every 24 h as per guidance. This as the result show not only negates the benefit of TED stockings but may also exert harm in terms of venous thromboembolism risk. This finding adds further weight to the argument of whether TED stockings may not be having the desired prophylactic effect and may even be resulting in harm in select cases.
Synthesis, Characterization and Their Antimicrobial Activities of Boron Oxide/Poly(Acrylic Acid) Nanocomposites: Thermal and Antimicrobial Properties

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Boron oxide (B 2 O 3 )/Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) nanocomposites were synthesized by solution intercalation method, and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis (DTA/TG). The effect of boron oxide amount on the thermal stability of nanocomposites was investigated. Moreover, the antimicrobial activities of them were also determined by the serial dilution method against E. coli and S. aureus . XRD analysis showed that boron oxide was homogenously dispersed in polymer matrix; FTIR-ATR that there was interaction between PAA and boron oxide; and TEM that boron oxide particles had spherical structure, and dispersed in nano size in polymer matrix; DTA/TG that the thermal stability of polymers increased with the adding of boron oxide into polymer matrix, and changed the decomposition mechanism of PAA. B 2 O 3 /PAA nanocomposites exhibited higher decomposition temperature. The decomposition mechanisms of PAA and its nanocomposites occurred through three decomposition steps; dehydration, decarboxylation and chain scission. B 2 O 3 /PAA nanocomposites showed greater antimicrobial activity with increasing B 2 O 3 amount.
The Technological Imperative and Institutional Abuse: Its Effect on the Young Person with Cancer

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The advances in diagnostic and therapeutic technology in the treatment of young people with cancer have meant that many often feel the full force of the technological imperative. The paper argues that this philosophy, in addition to promoting the valuing of things over people, may also create serious conflicts for health care professionals. It is suggested that the result of such an all-pervasive orientation may well be institutional abuse, whereby the young cancer patient's right to psychosocial programming aimed at preventing or ameliorating distress may be forgone.
‘What is psychiatry?’ – an exploration of the effect of a psychiatry summer school on school students’ attitudes towards psychiatry, through the medium of word clouds

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Aims To explore if attending a psychiatry summer school would change the understanding of school students as to what the word ‘Psychiatry’ represents. Background The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN) and the local mental health trust, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM) ran a free five-day summer school for 16-year-old school students, who had just completed their GCSE exams, from state and private secondary schools within South-East London. Method We asked all 26 student attendees to anonymously write down as many single words relating to ‘Psychiatry’ as they could think of. They were given approximately 5 minutes to complete this and they were asked to do this at the beginning of the first day and at the end of the final day of the summer school. These words were then transcribed with the number of times each word was submitted being documented. This information was then formatted into a word cloud, with the size of the word varying according to how many times it had been submitted. Result At the start of the summer school, the students submitted a total of 208 words which included a total of 94 distinct words. Of these, the 2 most common were brain (n = 15) and mental (n = 10). At the end of the summer school, the students submitted a total of 199 words which included a total of 100 distinct words. The 2 most common were psychosis (n = 12) and forensic (n = 8). Of the words submitted pre-summer school, there were 8 distinct words that described positive attributes of psychiatry – such as ‘helping’. This increased to 17 distinct positive words post-summer school. Conclusion We note from our outcomes that the number of words submitted by the students pre and post the summer school were similar but the words submitted most frequently differed. The most common words submitted post the summer school were more consistent with medical terminology than those submitted pre the summer school, which suggests that their knowledge of this had increased. The increase in the number of distinct positive words submitted at the end of the summer school implies that the students had a more positive view of psychiatry following the summer school.
An evaluation of urbanisation challenges experienced in the Low-Income Areas of Khayelitsha, Cape Town, South Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper examined the challenges experienced in low-income areas with specific emphasis on Khayelitsha, Cape Town. The paper argues that low-income areas in most cities are faced with enormous challenges, including amongst many others, crime, overcrowding, sanitation, health issues, floods, and shack fires. These challenges are the byproduct of poor/colonial and/or urban planning practices or institutional inertia/neglect from municipalities and skewed service provisions. Moreover, these challenges account for the spread of environmental health diseases like diarrhea, dysentery, pneumonia, and tuberculosis. It is furthermore argued that these areas are also associated with substance abuse, alcoholism, and prostitution. The objective of this paper is to highlight these challenges in Low-Income Areas and their implications. Interestingly, existing scholarship has barely mentioned these problems without intensely explaining their underlying implications. It is these lacunae or gaps in the extant literature that this current study will seek to address as it illuminates these implications. To gain these insights the study utilised ethnographic qualitative research and observations conducted from March 2018 to October 2019 utilising a sample of 28 individuals. The study found that these challenges impacts on the residents culminating in illness, loss of livelihoods, and lives, and also property. This rationalises the study as it seeks to influence policy and ensure a change in attitudes in these areas.
Updated Mean Sea-Level Analysis: South Korea

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Watson, P.J., 2019. Updated mean sea-level analysis: South Korea. Journal of Coastal Research, 35(2), 241–250. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The threat of sea-level rise to the heavily populated Korean Peninsula has profound and far-reaching implications. This study updates and extends the several previous works undertaken to analyse tide-gauge records and satellite altimetry around South Korea using enhanced time-series analysis techniques to detect coastal vertical land motion and current rates of rise and accelerations in mean sea level to augment planning, design, and risk management activities. Although the longest tide-gauge records available only date back to 1960, every effort has been made to separate the mean sea-level trend from the more dynamic influences with improved precision using state-of-the-art analytical techniques. The analysis identified general trends of subsidence observed around the margins bounded by the East China Sea and East Sea (Sea of Japan) below 36°N, whereas uplift was a more prevalent feature along the margins bounded by the Yellow Sea. All tide-gauge records longer than 50 years exhibited 'relative' mean sea-level rise increasing marginally over the length of the record, suggesting the presence of an acceleration; however, the estimated time-varying accelerations (albeit predominantly positive) are small and not statistically different from zero (95% confidence interval). Although the average trend of sea-surface height from satellite altimetry across this region was 3.2 mm/y, key spatial variations were evident, with the highest rates of rise centred in two discrete areas east and west of South Korea around 37.5°N, each exceeding 8 mm/y.
[The influence of the combined treatment on the energy metabolism in patients with the uterine cancer].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The experience of management of the patients with cancer of the uterus body was summarized to improve the results of combined (surgical and radiation) treatment. The essential initial disorders of the power supply metabolism, keeping worsening after the operation, were revealed. The conduction of the immune correction therapy in complex of preoperative preparation with individual selection of the immune preparations using the tests in vitro had promoted the postoperative period course improvement, the frequency of complications reduction, the stabilization and tendency for the power supply metabolism restoration after the operation and further during the radiation therapy conduction.
Surgery of Parotid Tumours

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MEDICJU JOURWUM Case 3.-Aged 6 years.Admitted to hospital on July 4, having hal scarlet fever and chicken-pox a month previously, from which she appeared to make a good recovery.*Since June 25 she had a pyrexia of unknown origin.The Mantoux test was positive and there was enlargement of glands at the left hilum with an opacity in left lower zone.The glandular enlargement subsided satisfactorily, and it was estimated that the child would be fit to return to school in March, 1951.Case 4.-Aged 6 years.History of measles in mid-June, followed by a normal recovery, but on July 4 a pyrexia developed.Investigation showed enlarged right hilar glands and a positive Mantoux reaction.X-ray examination in January, 1951, showed the primary focus to be cleared, but enlarged hilar glands were still present.Case 5.-Aged 7 years.History of pyrexia starting on July 4. Investigation showed enlargement of the glands at the bifurcation of the trachea and a positive Mantoux re- action.By February the lesion had cleared completely and her general condition was satisfactory.Case 6.-Aged 6 years.Routine Mantoux test positive.X-ray examination of chest revealed enlarged left hilar glands.Progress was such that this boy was allowed to attend school in December.Case 7.-Aged 9 years.Routine Mantoux test positive.X-ray examination of chest showed left hilar glands enlarged with stippling in left mid-zone.Satisfactory resolution of root glands enabled her to start school in February, 1951.Case 8.-Aged 9 years.Vague history suggestive of erythema nodosum.Routine Mantoux test positive.X- ray examination of chest revealed enlarged right hilar glands.Satisfactory resolution was made by February, 1951, when she was able to be up and about, although not fit to return to school.Case 9.-Aged 8 years.Routine Mantoux test on July 21 negative.General malaise and pyrexia on July 28.Mantoux test positive on August 18, and x-ray films of chest showed enlarged right hilar glands.Satisfactory resolution was made by February and the child was fit to return to school.Case 10.-Aged 9 years.Routine Mantoux test on July 21 negative.Developed febrile illness on July 31, when the Mantoux test was positive and x-ray examination of chest showed shading in the right upper zone with right hilar glands enlarged.There was satisfactory healing by February, 1951, and the child was able to carry on normal activities.Case 11.-Aged 8 years.Routine Mantoux test on July 21 negative.Referred to clinic, and Mantoux test repeated in September; the test was then positive, and x-ray films showed enlarged left hilar glands.Progress by February, 1951, enabled him to return to school.Case 12.-Aged 8 years.Routine Mantoux test in November positive and x-ray films of chest revealed enlargement of right hilar glands.Satisfactory progress was made, enabling her to be fit for school in February, 1951.
Fusion of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum with Ruthenium Red

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Howell recently reported the effect of Ruthenium Red (RR) on the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of frog skeletal muscle after long exposures to that dye. Howell observed staining of the junctional granules within the junctional SR (terminal cisternae), and fusion of the so-called intermediate cisternae that are intercalated between junctional and free SR. This is an important observation because it may provide, first, needed additional evidence for a structural definition of the so-called intermediate cisterna, and second, the fusion of the intermediate cisternae under these circumstances suggests that they might have properties that are different from, or in addition to those of the junctional and free SR, respectively. For example, membrane fusion in that region might conceivably occur in vivo under certain circumstances in which case a large proportion of the SR might become separated, electrically, from the junctional SR. As a result, at least temporary openings of the junctional SR to the extracellular space remain a possibility even during depolarization.
Oligocene Age of the Classic Belén Fruit and Seed Assemblage of North Coastal Peru based on Diatom Biostratigraphy

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Belén flora, in north coastal Peru, is the most diverse fruit and seed assemblage yet known from the Paleogene of South America. Little original paleobotanical work has been performed on this assemblage since the pioneering treatments published by E. W. Berry in the 1920s, and the precise age has not been determined. Nevertheless, the flora has been regarded as a focal point in understanding the vegetational, orogenic, and climatic history of northern South America, and in recent literature it has been assumed to be early Eocene. In order to tighten this age assignment, which has varied from early Eocene to early Oligocene in the opinions of different authors, we revisited the Belén site, measured the stratigraphic section, and processed the fruit- and seed-containing sediment for age-diagnostic microfossils. Although pollen and foraminifera were not recovered, the sediment is rich in diatoms. The diatom assemblage includes Lisitzinia ornata and Rocella vigilans, among others, indicating a latest early Oligocene age (∼30–28.5 Ma) for these deeper marine sediments, which we infer to have been subsequently reworked into the Belén environment. We also reevaluate the botanical identifications, which are based on the original museum specimens supplemented by more recently collected specimens. The Belén flora provides a window into extinct forests in South America that were present before the rising of the Andes in western Peru.
Analysis of Demand Response Solutions for Congestion Management in Distribution Networks

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

According to the 20-20-20 targets set by the European Union, 50 percent of the Swedish electricity share is to be provided by renewable energy sources by 2020. The Smart Grid Gotland (SGG) project has emerged as a response to this target. The project aims at demonstrating a proof of concept on how smart grid solutions can be used to integrate large quantities of renewable energy sources in an existing network. The outcomes of the project are intended to pave the way for future renewable energy integration projects in Sweden. The Thesis focuses on one of the technical objectives of the SGG project, i.e. to increase the hosting capacity of wind power on Gotland from 195 MW to 200 MW by using Demand-Response (DR) from households and industries. DR consist of shifting peak-loads to peakproduction hours. The integration of additional wind power causes a risk of exceeding the transmission capacity of the power export cable between Gotland and the Swedish mainland. The approach considered for this Thesis is to use an Ancillary Service (AS) toolbox scheme based on multi-agent systems. The AS toolbox consist of flexibility tools such as DR on long-term, short-term, a battery energy storage system and a wind curtailment scheme. The DR activity includes space heating and domestic hot water consumption from detached houses on Gotland. The simulation results indicate that 1900 household participants are sufficient to balance the additional 5 MW for worst case scenarios. Furthermore, it is shown that the DR participation from industries contributes in some cases to a reduction of 700 household participants. The findings helped conclude that using an AS toolbox solution on Gotland is fully possible from a technical perspective. However, barriers that stand against its realisation are of economical nature and need to be investigated in future studies.