jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Data from Relationships between LDH-A, Lactate, and Metastases in 4T1 Breast Tumors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> To investigate the relationship between lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A) expression, lactate concentration, cell metabolism, and metastases in murine 4T1 breast tumors.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> Inhibition of LDH-A expression and protein levels were achieved in a metastatic breast cancer cell line (4T1) using short hairpin RNA (shRNA) technology. The relationship between tumor LDH-A protein levels and lactate concentration (measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging, MRSI) and metastases was assessed.</p><p><b>Results:</b> LDH-A knockdown cells (KD9) showed a significant reduction in LDH-A protein and LDH activity, less acid production, decreased transwell migration and invasion, lower proliferation, reduced glucose consumption and glycolysis, and increase in oxygen consumption, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cellular ATP levels, compared with control (NC) cells cultured in 25 mmol/L glucose. <i>In vivo</i> studies showed lower lactate levels in KD9, KD5, and KD317 tumors than in NC or 4T1 wild-type tumors (<i>P</i> < 0.01), and a linear relationship between tumor LDH-A protein expression and lactate concentration. Metastases were delayed and primary tumor growth rate decreased.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> We show for the first time that LDH-A knockdown inhibited the formation of metastases, and was accompanied by <i>in vivo</i> changes in tumor cell metabolism. Lactate MRSI can be used as a surrogate to monitor targeted inhibition of LDH-A in a preclinical setting and provides a noninvasive imaging strategy to monitor LDH-A–targeted therapy. This imaging strategy can be translated to the clinic to identify and monitor patients who are at high risk of developing metastatic disease. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 19(18); 5158–69. ©2013 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Quantitation of Soluble HLA Class I Antigen in Human Albumin and Immunoglobulin Preparations for Intravenous Use by Solid-Phase Immunoassay

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Soluble HLA class I antigens in human plasma preparations possibly play a role in HLA sensitization and modulation of the immune response. We therefore have determined their concentration in albumin and immunoglobulin preparations from several commercial sources and compared these values to the concentration in normal human sera. For this purpose we used a newly developed solid-phase enzyme immunoassay employing rabbit anti-mouse antibody, monomorphic HLA class I monoclonal antibody and a polyclonal enzyme-linked β(2)-microglobulin-specific antiserum. Soluble HLA antigen concentration in 14 albumin batches from 6 manufacturers and in 16 immunoglobulin batches from 11 manufacturers ranged from 0 to 9.6 and from 0 to 20.9ng/ml. The concentration in normal human sera 1,328 ± 954 ng/ml (n = 54). We conclude that the concentration of soluble HLA concentration in albumin and immunoglobulin preparations is more than 50 times lower than in normal human serum, but considerable differences exist between products of various manufacturers.
Immunoprecipitation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Selective immunoprecipitation of proteins is a useful tool for characterizing proteins and protein‐protein interactions. Clear step‐by‐step protocols are provided for preparing lysates of cells and yeast under a variety of conditions, for binding the antibody to a solid matrix, and for performing the actual immunoprecipitation. An additional method is provided for increasing the specificity of the technique by reprecipitating the antigen with the same or a different antibody.
Recursively Self-Tuning Fields in Language Models (RSTF)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We demonstrate that language models exhibit recursively self-tuning field dynamics (RSTF): their semantic representations automatically adjust in response to their own outputs, creating feedback loops that can be measured and controlled. We introduce operational metrics—ΔR (semantic divergence), SI (synergy index), and Δ⁵-lineage logging—that capture field tuning behavior during multi-turn conversations. Through five completed experimental protocols executed on Claude (Anthropic) during extended research dialogues (Aug-Oct 2025), we show: (1) in-regime stability (ΔR = 0.296 ± 0.008, SI = 0.457 ± 0.013 over 5 exchanges), (2) detune response (mean ΔR↑ = +0.408, SI↓ = -0.355 across 5 trials, p < 0.001), (3) hysteresis in conductivity proxy (max lag = 0.0008 < alert threshold 0.002), (4) phantom node persistence (60% of concepts survive perturbation tests), and (5) invariant protection (100% blocking of contradictory modifications). This work provides complete computational notebooks with all experimental data, enabling researchers to replicate findings and apply RSTF monitoring to their own systems. The framework offers immediate practical value for AI safety: detecting semantic drift, measuring dialogue coherence, and providing early warning signs before catastrophic failures.
[Malignant histiocytosis simulating histiocytosis with massive sinusal lymphadenopathy, on the first lymph node biopsy (author's transl)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The case of a 36 year old man who presented prominent bilateral cervical lymphadenopathies is reported. The diagnosis of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai and Dorfman, 1969) was retained on account of a massive hyperplasia of foamy histiocytes with PAS + inclusions, lipidic storage and hemocytophagy in the sinuses and cords of the lymph nodes. The patient died after 34 months evolution. At the autopsy an important proliferation by large atypical sometimes multinucleated cells in the lymph nodes, liver, bone and spleen was found, as observed in malignant histiocytosis. The ultrastructural study confirmed the histiocytic nature of the cells. The interest of immunohistochemical studies on paraffin embedded material with characterization of tumor histiocytes with lysozyme and alpha 1 antichymotrypsin is discussed. This report described an unusual form of malignant histiocytosis simulating on his early phase sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy.
DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS IN GRAPH C*-ALGEBRAS

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let E be a row finite directed graph with no sinks and (X E , σ E ) the one-sided edge shift space. Then the graph C*-algebra C*(E) contains the commutative algebra C 0 (X E ). Moreover if E is locally finite so that the canonical completely positive map ϕ E on C*(E) is well-defined, ϕ E | C 0 (X E ) coincides with the *-homomorphism [Formula: see text]. In this paper we first show that if two edge shift spaces (X E , σ E ) and (X F , σ F ) are topologically conjugate, there is an isomorphism of C*(E) onto C*(F), and if the graphs are locally finite the isomorphism transforms ϕ E | C 0 (X E ) onto ϕ F | C 0 (X F ) , which has been known for Cuntz–Krieger algebras. Let ht(ϕ E ) be Voiculescu–Brown topological entropy of ϕ E . In case E is finite, it is well-known that the values ht(ϕ E ), [Formula: see text], h l (E) and h b (E) all coincide, where [Formula: see text] is the AF core of C*(E) and h l (E), h b (E) are the loop, block entropies of E respectively. If E is irreducible and infinite, [Formula: see text] has been known recently, and here we show that [Formula: see text], where E t is the transposed graph of E. Also some dynamical systems related with AF subalgebras [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] are examined to prove that [Formula: see text] for each vertex v.
[Differential diagnosis and treatment of complex renal cysts detected by ultrasound screening of the abdominal cavity organs].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ultrasound screening of the abdominal cavity organs was performed in 98 patients, and renal cysts were revealed in 31 patientsare. 11 (26,6%) of 31 patients had renal cysts with complex structure. In 4 patients, complex cysts were located in parapelvic zone, in 7 patients - in different parts of the renal parenchyma. Pharmaco-Doppler sonography and computed tomography with bolus contrast enhancement in 7 patients with complex parenchymal cysts had revealed indirect signs of a malignant process - septums, thickening of the walls of cysts and septums, foci of calcination, increased blood circulation in the thickened renal cyst walls, venous stasis on the periphery of cysts and renal medulla, increasing the density of the thickened walls. Results of morphological studies have confirmed the presence of a malignant process in 5 of these 7 patients. In 4 patients with parapelvic cysts malignant process in ectomized layers was not revealed.
Effects of polypeptide extract from scorpion venom on cell proliferation and protein expression of VEGF and TSP-1 in human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To observe the effects of polypeptide extract from scorpion venom(PESV) on the cell proliferation and protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and thrombospondin-1(TSP-1) in human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 and to investigate the possible mechanism of its antitumor effect.Methods Ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 was cultured by the routine method,after being treated with PESV at different concentrations,the inhibition of cell proliferation was tested by MTT assay;Immunocytochemistry and Western blotting were applied to detecting the effects of PESV on protein expression of VEGF and TSP-1.Results In a dose-dependent manner,PESV remarkably inhibited the proliferation of SKOV3 at the range of 12.5—200 μg/mL.PESV( 50 μg/mL) had a significant inhibitory effect on cell proliferation(P0.01).Western blotting and immunocytochemistry results showed that with the increasing of PESV concentration,the expression levels of VEGF decreased while TSP-1 increased gradually(P0.01).Conclusion PESV could significantly inhibit the expression of VEGF,but improve the expression of TSP-1.Antitumor effects of PESV may be carried out by inhibiting the tumor cell proliferation and impacting the expression of key factors in the process of tumor angiogenesis.
The regulation of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) in the Netherlands and the UK: a comparative study of the regulatory frameworks and outcomes for PGD

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Developments in biotechnology present difficult social and ethical challenges that need to be resolved by regulators among others. One crucial problem for regulators of new technologies is to ensure that regulation is both clear and sufficiently flexible to respond to new developments. This is particularly difficult to achieve in contentious fields such as medical biotechnology. In the European Union there is a divergence in the solutions to this problem which has lead to different regulatory frameworks for medical biotechnology. This paper compares and contrasts the British and Dutch regulatory frameworks for the selection of embryos by preimplantation genetic diagnosis as an example of the regulation of medical biotechnology. Some of the outcomes of the regulatory choices and possible reasons behind the divergent frameworks are discussed, such as the ethical outlooks and political systems in these countries.
Microarchitectural Isolation Guarantees Through Execution Based Signatures

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) aim to provide integrity and confidentiality guarantees to certain computations irrespective of the state of the rest of the system. That is, they protect Trusted Applications (TAs) even if the Operating System or the hypervisor are compromised. The TEE runs in parallel with the OS and leverages a set of hardware and software components to create such an isolated environment. However, this isolation can be broken by exploiting microarchitectural side-channels. The state of the shared components of multi-core processors depends on the actual processes being executed, and as a result, some information is leaked from one process to any other running in the same processor. This leakage completely breaks the confidentiality guarantees that TEEs promise. The only way to completely avoid the leakage is to avoid the share of resources, but this is nearly impossible to achieve without a huge degradation in the performance of the processor. Assuming that it is possible that the leakage exists, and the attacker only can get information from the observable microarchitectural state, we propose to monitor the hardware resources to detect the microarchitectural state changes caused by the attacks. To this end, we have implemented a hardware module that compares at runtime pre-stored microarchitectural execution signatures of each enclave, with the actual execution trace, and triggers an alarm when it detects significant variation.
Basic properties of lattices of cubes, algorithms for their construction, and application capabilities in discrete optimization

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The basic properties of a new type of lattices—a lattice of cubes—are described. It is shown that, with a suitable choice of union and intersection operations, the set of all subcubes of an N-cube forms a lattice, which is called a lattice of cubes. Algorithms for constructing such lattices are described, and the results produced by these algorithms in the case of lattices of various dimensions are illustrated. It is proved that a lattice of cubes is a lattice with supplements, which makes it possible to minimize and maximize supermodular functions on it. Examples of such functions are given. The possibility of applying previously developed efficient optimization algorithms to the formulation and solution of new classes of problems on lattices of cubes.
[Crisis and blood coagulation in chickens with experimental spirochetosis].

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Studied was the process of blood clotting in normal bursectomized and entire young birds, as well as in the conditions of experimentally induced spirochaetal infection. Use was made of 10 bursectomized and 10 nonbursectomized month-old birds. It was found that blood clotting with the uninfected bursectomized birds was more strongly manifested as compared to the entire ones. At the 120th hour following infection of the bursectomized birds the clotting of blood was comparatively more weakly expressed than it was in the nonbursectomized ones.
PROBLEMATYKA BADAŃ DOTYCZĄCYCH POSTAW WOBEC UCZENIA SIĘ JĘZYKÓW OBCYCH NA PRZYKŁADZIE JĘZYKA HISZPAŃSKIEGO

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Attitudes, including beliefs, values, and motivation are within the scope of interest of numerous fields of study such as psychology, philosophy, sociology, and anthropology. In psychology, attitudes related to affective, cognitive and, in particular, behavioral reactions are studied. It is believed that attitudes do not only affect the behavior of the individual, but also their ways of evaluating specific actions. At the same time, empirical research in this area is extremely problematic and conditioned by many individual differences (e.g. age, gender, place of residence, personality traits, etc.). On the other hand, in glottodidactics, the common trend in this type of research is analysis of students' attitudes (including motivation) towards a foreign language and its culture(s). The purpose of the article is to briefly present the methodology of research on attitudes towards learning different languages. First, we review the concepts of attitudes, beliefs, values, and motivation from a psychological and didactic perspective. We also focus our attention on the types of attitude measurement used (which include motivation). Finally, we present some results of research conducted for the first time in Poland in the field of attitudes and motivation of secondary school students towards learning Spanish.
Modeling the production of W pairs at the LHC

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

W pair production is an electroweak Standard Model process at the LHC, which is interesting to be analyzed as a signal, but has to be considered as an important background, too. In particular in the search for h -> W+ W- -> l+ nu l- nu the W+ W- background is difficult to separate from the signal and other backgrounds, because it has the same final state as the signal events. In order to model the process p p -> W+ W- as accurately as possible and to understand the uncertainties, various effects are studied with several event generators: PDF and underlying event uncertainties, spin correlations, the W decay approximation, and effects of higher order corrections. At higher order all partonic sub-processes are taken into account, including g g -> W+ W- production.
Determination of the Carpal Unstability in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The carpal instability is a biomechanical alteration with multiple pathogenesis. It ensues due to disturbance of the normal ligament and bone connections that control the wrist. There are four major types of carpal instability: 1 Dorsal intercalated segment instability (DISI) 2.Volar intercalated segment instability (VISI) 3.Ulnar translocation, and 4. Medial carpal instability. Instability in the wrist in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) appears as a result of incongruity between joint and bone surfaces, capsular and ligament laxity and muscle-tendon imbalance, and to evaluate carpal instability in RA and to determine the type of carpal instability using radiography.
Material and methods: In 30 patients with diagnosed RA we made anteroposterior and lateral radiographies in neutral position of both hands. On anteroposterior radiographies we measured carpal-ulnar distance. For evaluation of the bone set ups on lateral radiographies we used the axial Linscheid method for drawing carpal axes that enable measurements of angles which can define position of the carpal bones: scaphoid-lunate, radio-lunate and capitatelunate angles.
Results: Of 60 rheumatoid hands in 50 we found carpal instability: ulnar translocation (32 hands), VISI (14 hands), DISI (4 hands). We detected isolated form of carpal instability in 38 hands, while in part we found complex carpal instability i.e. combination of two types of instability (12 hands).
Conclusion: This radiographic method enables evaluation of carpal instability and quantitative analysis for determination of the type of the carpal instability in RA.
Estimation of Car Insurance Loss Ratio Using the Peaks over Threshold Method

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

자동차보험의 손해율이란 지급보험금의 수입보험료에 대한 비율을 의미한다. 손해율이 매우 큰 값을 갖는 대형손실이 일어나는 경우에는 보험회사의 재무적인 부분에 큰 악영향을 미치게 된다. 따라서 보험회사가 이에 대비할 수 있도록 하기 위하여 손해율의 극단 분위수(extreme quantile)를 추정하는 것은 매우 중요한 일이다. 다른 종류의 보험 관련 데이터와 같이 손해율의 분포는 오른쪽으로 긴 꼬리를 갖는 두꺼운 꼬리분포(heavy-tailed distribution)를 갖는다. 이런 자료에서 극단 분위수룰 추정하기 위하여 가장 많이 사용되는 방법론은 POT(Peaks over threshold)와 Hill 추정(Hill estimation)이다. 본 논문에서는 일반화파레토분포(generalized Pareto distribution; GPD)의 다양한 모수추정방법론의 성능을 모의실험과 실제 손해율 데이터를 사용하여 비교, 분석하였다. 또한 Hill 추정치를 사용하여 극단 분위수를 추정하였다. 그 결과 대부분의 경우에 POT 방법론이 Hill 추정치를 이용한 방법보다 정확한 분위수를 추정하였고, 모수추정방법론 중에서는 MLE, Zhang, NLS-2 방법론이 가장 좋은 결과를 보여주었다. In car insurance, the loss ratio is the ratio of total losses paid out in claims divided by the total earned premiums. In order to minimize the loss to the insurance company, estimating extreme quantiles of loss ratio distribution is necessary because the loss ratio has essential prot and loss information. Like other types of insurance related datasets, the distribution of the loss ratio has heavy-tailed distribution. The Peaks over Threshold(POT) and the Hill estimator are commonly used to estimate extreme quantiles for heavy-tailed distribution. This article compares and analyzes the performances of various kinds of parameter estimating methods by using a simulation and the real loss ratio of car insurance data. In addition, we estimate extreme quantiles using the Hill estimator. As a result, the simulation and the loss ratio data applications demonstrate that the POT method estimates quantiles more accurately than the Hill estimation method in most cases. Moreover, MLE, Zhang, NLS-2 methods show the best performances among the methods of the GPD parameters estimation.
Transmission line with vaporous and gaseous cavitation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study presents a complete research on the transmission line with vaporous and gaseous cavitation. The aim of the project is to improve the performance and reliability of systems and thus able to predict the onset and degree of cavitation taking place. A literature review of the fundamental theories of cavitation and the method of analysis are presented in the report. Previous studies on the cavitation models are also introduced. Basic differential equations for transient flow are used and accompanied by the method of characteristics, the vaporous and gaseous cavitation model can be developed. The model is able to relate closer to the experimental results and it overcomes the deficiencies of the previous models.
Evaluation of Polyesterimide Nanocomposites Using Methods of Thermal Analysis

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Polyesterimide resin applied for winding impregnation has been modified by incorporating the hydrophilic and hydrophobic nanosilica, montmorillonite and aluminium oxide. For assessment of the resins in liquid and cured states thermoanalytical methods TG/DSC were used. For pure and nanofilled resins the results of investigation of AFM topography, bond strength, dielectric strength and partial discharge resistance have been also presented. It was found that dielectric and mechanical properties of polyesterimide resin containing hydrophilic silica as well aluminium oxide were much improved as compared to pure resin. Based on our investigations we have found that the methods of thermal analysis may be very useful for evaluation of nanocomposites: DSC/TGA study of resins in the liquid state under dynamic conditions can be applied to pre-select nanocomposites; isothermal TG curves of cured resins can be utilized for thermal stability evaluation; in turn, TG study after thermal ageing of cured resins could confirm the barrier properties of nanocomposites.
Evaluation of microbial consortia on systemic resistance against chickpea wilt

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The role of Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens (alone and in combination) in inducing systemic resistance in chickpea exposed to Fusarium oxysporum ciceris was investigated. Chickpea seed (var. Radhey) treatment with Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens alone and in combination on the germination, wilt incidence, plant growth promotion, yield, production of chlorophyll, protein, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and total phenol content was recorded. The results of in vitro studies revealed better performances of treatment T6 (Seed treatment with 1% Trichoderma harzianum + 2% Pseudomonas fluorescens + 2% Bacillus subtilis in combination). This treatment significantly reduced wilt incidence and increased germination, root length, shoot length, and yield as compared to untreated control. Treatment T6 also induced 1.4 per cent increase in peroxidase, 1.6 in polyphenol oxidase and 2.3 in total phenol in chickpea during pathogenesis by F. oxysporum ciceris f. sp. Similarly, 1.9% increase in chlorophyll and protein was recorded with the treatment T6 as compared to control. Present investigations will be helpful in formulating novel bioformulations using fungal and bacterial bioagents to control wilt in chickpea.