jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Charcot Neuroarthropathy of the Foot and Ankle

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

➤ Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN) is a systemic disease that generates pathological changes in the musculoskeletal system, causing fractures, dislocations, and deformities involving the foot and ankle. ➤ A common underlying cause of CN is diabetes mellitus; a substantial risk of ulceration and deep infection contributes to a 15% rate of major amputation (i.e., at the level of the ankle or higher). ➤ The goal of both nonsurgical and surgical treatment of CN is to obtain a stable, plantigrade foot free from ulcerations; an equally important goal is to manage the patient’s diabetes and obesity. ➤ The primary indications for surgery are recurrent ulceration, substantial deformity, deep infection, and pain; common complications include nonunion, wound breakdown, and infection. ➤ The principles of thorough joint preparation, deformity correction, and minimizing soft-tissue trauma are essential when arthrodesis is performed for CN, which requires more robust (internal and/or external) fixation and prolonged off-loading.
Stories not written : Italo Calvino’s the castle of crossed destinies.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Castle of Crossed Destinies has received scant attention as compared to Calvino’s other novels, and many critics have seen Calvino’s game of storytelling with tarot cards negatively. The author’s apparent abandonment of the combinatory game is often interpreted by critics as revealing through participating in a “wasted exercise” (Markey, “Paradox of Choice” 68) a writer’s dilemma with choices. However, while Calvino reveals that it is impossible to arrive at all the possible stories the tarot cards are able to generate within the space of the novel, The Castle of Crossed Destinies brings into play and juxtaposes different narrative mediums to generate various realised and unrealised possibilities of narration, thus inviting the reader to read within the spaces created in the tension and interaction of these mediums. These narrative mediums consist of the written word and images and it is the spaces between these different mediums that reveal the combinatory game as a success rather than a failure. Through effecting a sense of lightness both within and between these storytelling mediums, Calvino makes such spaces ideal for capturing an infinite number of stories within The Castle of Crossed Destinies. In this essay, I shall explore how Calvino sets up the site of storytelling and draws our attention to the interaction between the written word and the image, how he engages readers to read the spaces created out of the interaction of the two mediums, and how as Calvino dismantles the game he sets up, he reveals that his apparent giving up of the tarot game need not necessarily mean that the combinatory game ends in futility.
MOLECULAR ORIENTATION AND ENERGY LEVEL ALIGNMENT AT THE CuPc/SAMs INTERFACE

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This article highlights recent progress in the use of functionalized self-assembled monolayers for organic electronics, with particular emphasis on the investigation of the CuPc-SAMs interface properties, particularly the energy level alignment and molecular orientation. Synchrotron-based high-resolution photoemission spectroscopy (PES) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure measurements (NEXAFS) are used to address these issues. It is found that the energy level alignment at the CuPc-SAMs interface depends on the chain length of SAMs. Fermi level pinning occurs at the interface of CuPc with short chain SAMs of 4-trifluoromethyl-benzenethiol (CF3-SAM) and 4-methyl-benzenethiol (CH3-SAM), whereas the vacuum level aligns at the interface of CuPc with long chain SAMs including 1-(p-thiophenyl)-4-phenylbenzene (BBB), 4-(p-thiophenyl)-2, 2', 5, 5'-tetramethoxy-biphenyl (BOO), 1-(p-thiophenyl)-4-(2', 5'-dimethoxyphenyl)-tetrafluorobenzene (BFO) and 4-pentafluorophenyl-1-(p-thiophenyl)-2, 5-dimethoxybenzene (BOF). A significant reduction of the hole injection barrier (Δh) by up to 0.75 eV was observed after deposition of 5 nm CuPc on BOF/Au(111) as compared to the CuPc/Au(111) (Δh = 0.9 eV). Angular-dependent NEXAFS measurements reveal that CuPc molecules adopt a standing up configuration on all SAMs. This suggests that the interface charge transfer has negligible effect on the molecular orientation of CuPc on various SAMs.
Re-reading Indigenous cinema: criticism, white liberal guilt and otherness

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this paper, I will advance a critical perspective of some methodologies on appraising Indigenous films, in terms of their aesthetic as well as their cultural value. In doing this, I propose a cultural and textual approach that gives the films a context for which they can be critically understood. With a heavy emphasis on the political content of many Indigenous films, here I argue for a more critical pedagogical evaluation that considers the challenges of Indigenous films and problems that arise when we ignore to discuss them as 'cinema'. Through surveying a number of recent Indigenous films, and the criticism that surrounds them, I concentrate on how they can be better used as texts to enhance the study of world cinema and cultural issues of Aboriginality.
Presence, development, yield effects and control of late season diseases of wheat in Canterbury in 1995/96

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Four field trials were established in spring wheat crops in mid-Canterbury in the 1995/96 growing season, to investigate late season diseases of wheat and their control.Two cultivars, Endeavour and Monad, were used.Three treatments (untreated and two fungicide treatments) were applied at three alternative growth stages (flag leaf emerged, ears emerged, and mid-flowering).Flag leaves were collected 10 days after the final spray application and fungal isolations were made.Green leaf area was assessed at regular intervals as flag leaves senesced.Flag leaves and spikes were collected during dough development and the incidence and severity of fungal pathogens were recorded.Plots were harvested and yield components were determined.The fungicides terbuconazole and ICIA5504 delayed senesence of flag leaves and increased yield in all 4 trials.The increases in yield were reflected in the increases in grain weight suggesting that the effect of the delay of senescence was to increase the period of grain fill.Didymella exitialis had no effect on yield in 1995/96 season.
[Next era of the thirty-year Chinese laparoscopic surgery: past, present, and future].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery has experienced 30 years of development in China, and has now entered a high plateau stage at the technical level. Laparoscopic surgery, once an emerging technology, is gradually becoming a "traditional surgery". Meanwhile, laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery is gradually moving towards a new situation of multi-disciplinary and multi-technical integration. High-quality clinical studies are constantly being reported, and new tools and techniques are emerging. In the next era, the development of laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery will focus more on international research, digital surgery, high-tech operating rooms, etc. An urging requirement is to understand and face the current intensified involution and other practical problems, and to create another glorious innovation for Chinese laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery in the next 30 years.
T cell clone-specific alloantisera that inhibit or stimulate antigen-induced T cell activation.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Pigeon cytochrome c-specific, IL 2-secreting T cell hybrids have been used for immunizations to generate alloantibodies against the T cell antigen receptor on these cells. The B10.A-derived cloned T cell hybrid 2B4 was emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant and injected i.p. into several F1 strains of mice. After boosting the recipient animals with cells in incomplete Freund's adjuvant, malignant ascites developed. In the (BALB/c X AKR)F1 or (AKR X BALB/c)F1 strains, these ascites consistently contained material that specifically inhibited the antigen-induced IL 2 secretion of only the immunizing 2B4 cell. The inhibitory material was antibody that specifically bound and could be absorbed only by 2B4. A similar immunization was performed with the cell 2C2. Although this cell apparently has similar antigenic fine specificity as 2B4, high concentrations of ascites generated by 2C2 immune animals inhibited antigen-induced IL 2 release only from 2C2. At lower concentrations of ascites, this preparation synergized with antigen to increase the IL 2 release, again only from 2C2. This antibody preparation did not affect concanavalin A-induced IL 2 release. The most likely explanation for these data is that the ascites contain antibodies that react with the antigen-specific receptor on the T cell hybrids.
Material Design and Performance Evaluation of Porous SinteredMetal Ring for Spinning Frame

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this report influ ence of the compounding ratio of sintering annex, MoS2 and FeMn porous sintered metal ring wasexamined for the purpose to improve abrasion character of spinning rings. 5 classes of the compounding ratio are adopted for the laboratory abrasion test to clear up the relations among the accumurate wear, the surface roughness and the fluid permeability of the ring. Experimental results showed that the compounding ratio of annex MoS2 equal to 60-67% gave better character than the others as a whole. The practical abrasion test was carried for the developed ring (MoS2 66.7% and FeMn 33.3%) and was compared with that of standard ring (MoS2100%). The test proved the superiority of the former over the latter and the superiority on abrasion character of the developed ring was due to excelence of the pores state of the ring to lubricate its surface.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Selective Anodic Monofluorination of 4‐Arylthio‐1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐ones: A Marked Solvent Effect on Product Selectivity.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Policy Credibility and Inflation in a Wage-Setting Game

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper combines the conventional monetary policy game with a wage-setting game among several non-cooperating wage setters (each with some monopoly power). The inflationary bias in market economies is explained in terms of the wage competition bias. This bias does not disappear even when the central bank communicates its policy goals precisely and credibly. In a policy game with several non-cooperative monopolistic wage setters and a central bank, if discretionary policy is interpreted as wage setters' being Stackelberg leaders relative to the central bank, a discretionary policy leads to both higher inflation and lower output.
Satellite Cells Contribution to Exercise Mediated Muscle\nHypertrophy and Repair

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Satellite cells (SCs) are the most abundant skeletal muscle stem cells. They are widely\nrecognized for their contributions to maintenance of muscle mass, regeneration and hypertrophy during the human life span. These cells are good candidates for cell therapy\ndue to their self-renewal capabilities and presence in an undifferentiated form. Presently,\na significant gap exists between our knowledge of SCs behavior and their application as a\nmeans for human skeletal muscle tissue repair and regeneration. Both physiological and\npathological stimuli potentially affect SCs activation, proliferation, and terminal differentiation the former category being the focus of this article.\nActivation of SCs occurs following exercise, post-training micro-injuries, and electrical\nstimulation. Exercise, as a potent and natural stimulus, is at the center of numerous studies on SC activation and relevant fields. According to research, different exercise modalities end with various effects. This review article attempts to picture the state of the\nart of the SCs life span and their engagement in muscle regeneration and hypertrophy in\nexercise.
SH253045.07FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Materiovigilance: Impact of awareness cum sensitization programme on healthcare professionals of a tertiary care teaching hospital in South Delhi

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Medical devices play a significant role in the diagnosis, monitoring, and management of different health disorders or conditions. Healthcare professionals play a significant role in the medical device adverse events reporting. However, there are only few studies regarding the awareness of medical professionals toward materiovigilance and thus, the study is to evaluate the impact of awareness cum sensitization programme towards Materiovigilance on healthcare professionals of a tertiary care teaching hospital in south Delhi. This was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study done among the nursing professionals of a tertiary care teaching institute, South Delhi to evaluate their knowledge towards materiovigilance. The questionnaire consists of 10 questions. An Awareness cum Sensitization was organised to sensitize them towards MvPI. The study questionnaire were distributed to all the participants before and after the session and collected within 10 minutes. Responses were analysed. The questionnaire was distributed to 31 nursing professionals of various departments. Most of the nursing staff (16.12%) were from neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Many of them gave correct responses even before training but there is marked improvement in the knowledge of the nursing professionals towards materiovigilance after the training session as evident by their correct responses post training. Appropriate knowledge of materiovigilance is required to report adverse events associated with medical devices. Our study showed that health care professionals of our institute is lacking in their knowledge of materiovigilance. However, awareness programme on materiovigilance is helpful in improving the knowledge and also motivated them to report MDAEs with full enthusiasm.
Coding and Noncoding Genes Involved in Atrophy and Compensatory Muscle Growth in Nile Tilapia

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Improvements in growth-related traits reduce fish time and production costs to reach market size. Feed deprivation and refeeding cycles have been introduced to maximize aquaculture profits through compensatory growth. However, the molecular compensatory growth signature is still uncertain in Nile tilapia. In this study, fish were subjected to two weeks of fasting followed by two weeks of refeeding. The growth curve in refed tilapia was suggestive of a partial compensatory response. Transcriptome profiling of starved and refed fish was conducted to identify genes regulating muscle atrophy and compensatory growth. Pairwise comparisons revealed 5009 and 478 differentially expressed (differential) transcripts during muscle atrophy and recovery, respectively. Muscle atrophy appears to be mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy/lysosome systems. Autophagy-related 2A, F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7, F-box only protein 32, miR-137, and miR-153 showed exceptional high expression suggesting them as master regulators of muscle atrophy. On the other hand, the muscle compensatory growth response appears to be mediated by the continuous stimulation of muscle hypertrophy which exceeded normal levels found in control fish. For instance, genes promoting ribosome biogenesis or enhancing the efficiency of translational machinery were upregulated in compensatory muscle growth. Additionally, myogenic microRNAs (e.g., miR-1 and miR-206), and hypertrophy-associated microRNAs (e.g., miR-27a-3p, miR-29c, and miR-29c) were reciprocally expressed to favor hypertrophy during muscle recovery. Overall, the present study provided insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating muscle mass in fish. The study pinpoints extensive growth-related gene networks that could be used to inform breeding programs and also serve as valuable genomic resources for future mechanistic studies.
Environmental impacts and the role of beach hotels in Penang

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Considering the fragmented nature of the tourism industry, all key tourism providers including hotels need to play a role by being responsible. As one of the most important \nservice providers in tourism, the hotel business also has environmental impacts and therefore need to lessen these impacts by demonstrating environmentally friendly behaviours. Drawing upon qualitative data, this paper documents and discusses the environmental problems associated with beach hotels in Penang, Malaysia. Then it looks at the existing practices of this hotel segment and how these practices can be improved to mitigate environmental degradation caused by a hotel's operations. The findings indicate that despite the importance of tourism in Penang's economy, mitigating environmental \nimpacts through the cooperation of business is still not emphasized by the government. This led to a half-hearted environmental measures, which only become priority once \nlegislatively mandated, is part of a firm's standard operating procedure, identified as a marketing means or deemed cost effective.
Reply to the comment on ``Incomplete equilibrium in long-range interacting systems'' by Tsallis et al

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

After the rejection of their comment [arXiv:cond-mat/0609399v1] to our Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 97}, 100601 (2006), the Authors informed us that an extended version of their comment is going to be published in a different journal under the direct editorial responsibility of one of them. We then decided to make publicly available our formal reply, originally prepared for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett.
Conference listing

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract AGI 2004 Ocean Sciences Meeting Portland, Oregon, USA 26–30 January 2004 Sponsor: AGU Contact: A Singer, AGU, 2000 Florida Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20009, USA Tel: +1 202 777 7340 Fax: +1 202 328 0566 E‐mail: asinger@agu.org Website: agu.org/meetings/ European Geosciences Union, 1st General Assembly Nice, France 25–30 April 2004 Website: http://www.copernicus.org/EGU/ga/egu/04 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Water Resources III Nashville, TN 17–19 May 2004 Website: http://www.awra.org/meetings/Nashville2004/index.html CGU/AGU/SEG Montreal, Quebec 17–21 May 2004 Website: http://www.agu.org/meetings/sm04/ North American Genthological Society Meeting Vancouver, BC 6–10 June 2004 Website: http://benthos.org/index.cfm 61 Eastern Snow Conference Portland, Maine, USA 9–11 June 2004 Website: http://www.easternsnow.org/ International Conference on Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment and Mapping Sosnowiec, Poland 16–19 June 2004 Contact: Dr Andrzej J. Witkowski, Secretariat of the Conference, University of Silesia, Bȩdzińska Str., 60, 41‐200 Sosnowiec, Poland Tel: +48 32 291 68 88 Fax: +48 32 291 58 65 E‐mail: switkows@us.edu.pl Website: http://khgi.wnoz.us.edu.pl/vulnerability.htm Riverflow 2004–Second International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics Naples, Italy 23–25 June 2004 Website: http://www.riverflow2004.unina.it Riparian Ecosystems and Buffers: Multi‐Scale Structure, Function and Management Olympic Valley, CA 28–30 June 2004 Website: http://www.awra.org/Olympic2004/index.html BHS International Conference on ‘Hydrology: Science and Practise for the 21 st Century’ Imperial College, London 12–16 July 2004 Contact: Dr Adrian Butler Tel: 020 7954 6122 Fax: 020 7594 6124 E‐mail: a.butler@ic.ac.uk Website: http://www.hydrology.org.uk/index.html Italia 2004 32 nd International Geological Congress “From the Mediterranean Area Toward a Global Geological Renaissance” Geology, Natural Hazards and Cultural Heritage Florence 20–28 August 2004 Contact: Chiara Manetti, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Via La Pira, 4‐50121 Firenze, Italy Tel/Fax: +39 055 2382146 Email: casaitalia@geo.unifi.it Good Water Governance for People & Nature: What Roles for Law, Institutions, Science & Finance Dundee, Scotland 29 August–1 September 2004 Website: http://www.awra.org/meetings/Dundee2004/index.html XXXIII Congress of IAH—Conference on Groundwater Flow Understanding: From Local to Regional Scale. Joint Conference IAH/ALHSUD Mexico 11–15 October 2004 E‐mail: aih@igris.igeograf.unam.mx Website: www.igeograf.unam.mx/aih Acid Rain 2005 7th International Conference on Acid Deposition Prague, Czech Republic 12–17 June 2005 Contact: Jaroslav Santroch Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Na Sabatce 17, 14306 Prague 4, Czech Republic Tel: +420 24 1765803 Fax: +420 24 1760689 E‐mail: info@acidrain2005.cz Website: http://www.acidrain2005.cz If you would like your conference included please E‐mail details to Anne Flynn. E‐mail: aflynn@wiley.co.uk Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interference in Large Wireless Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Since interference is the main performance-limiting factor in most wireless networks, it is crucial to characterize the interference statistics. The two main determinants of the interference are the network geometry (spatial distribution of concurrently transmitting nodes) and the path loss law (signal attenuation with distance). For certain classes of node distributions, most notably Poisson point processes, and attenuation laws, closed-form results are available, for both the interference itself as well as the signal-to-interference ratios, which determine the network performance. This monograph presents an overview of these results and gives an introduction to the analytical techniques used in their derivation. The node distribution models range from lattices to homogeneous and clustered Poisson models to general motion-invariant ones. The analysis of the more general models requires the use of Palm theory, in particular conditional probability generating functionals, which are briefly introduced in the appendix.