jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Phenomenology of Online Spaces: Interpreting Late Modern Spatialities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Sociological theories of space have so far not provided an in-depth analysis of online spaces. The paper addresses this issue by means of Löw’s relational theory of space. As this theory mainly focuses on material spaces, it is necessary to embrace the phenomenological perspective in order to apply it to the virtual realm. More recent phenomenological research has highlighted the ongoing mediatization or virtualization of the life-world. These theories, and presence research more generally, are useful for examining the layers of virtual presence. This paper focuses on two emblematic types of spaces: multiplayer online role-playing games and Skype video chats. The first represents an online version of a Schutzian finite province of meaning, while Skyping is an example of how the paramount reality of everyday life expands into the virtual realm. Albeit differently, actors in both cases constitute hybrid, virtual-material spaces with various forms and degrees of virtual presence. User experiences in these spaces are in line with contemporary sociological diagnoses indicating the vanishing experience of living in space and the general tendency of late modernity to question previous social forms of modernity.
ODP381 Changes in Perceptions of Pediatric Endocrinologists (PE) and Urologists (PU) to Infants and Children regarding care of individuals with 46,XY DSD

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Over recent decades, controversy regarding standards of care has contributed to questioning past management recommendations for infants and children with a 46,XY DSD. Surveys conducted in 3 waves (2003, 2010, 2020) provide evidence of changes in recommendations for care have changed over this period. Methods Online surveys of the members of the Pediatric Endocrine Society (PE) and Societies for Pediatric Urology (PU) included case vignettes representing partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS), micropenis resulting from primary testicular failure, and penile ablation (non-DSD). Survey items included questions regarding recommended gender of rearing (GoR), genital surgery (and timing), and disclosure of diagnostic details to patient. Results The newborn PAIS vignette included elevated LH and FSH and a 1.2 cm. phallus that increased to 1.7 after exogenous testosterone. Male GoR was chosen by 47, 55 & 55% PE and 81, 83 & 69% of PU in waves 1 to 3, respectively; 27 PE and 28% PU chose an added "non-binary" option in 2020. The recommendation that parents, rather than patients, should decide about perineal hypospadias repair was chosen by 70, 60 & 50% of PE and 93, 90 & 79% of PU. Recommending against surgery were 25, 22 & 10% PE and 23, 13 & 8% PU. Recommending surgery be completed at &lt;1 year of age: 56, 59, 66% PE and 69, 78, 84% PU. Recommendation against disclosure of the underlying condition to the patient 12, 17 & 28% PE and 17, 19 & 22% PU, while 35, 28 to 32% PE and 34, 43 & 30% PU recommended that disclosure occur by 11 years of age. For the penile ablation vignette, 78, 92 & 92% PE and 98, 95 & 97% PU recommended male GoR. The 2020 non-binary option was chosen by 4 and 2% PE and PU. The majority of both groups recommended male GoR for the micropenis vignette with testicular failure; 94, 94 & 89% PE and 96, 97 & 88% PU. The decline in 2020 resulted from the recommendation of the non-binary option by 9% PE and 8% PU. Conclusions It seems clear that a female GoR recommendation is currently rare across 46,XY vignettes with evidence of testicular function during at least some of fetal life. It is also apparent that the current emphasis/controversy regarding GoR has resulted in confusion as to how to apply this poorly understood concept. The resulting shift of delaying decisions regarding surgery until the patient can decide is inconsistent with the recommendation that hypospadias repair occur before age 1 year. Finally, lack of or delayed disclosure is inconsistent with patient centered care recommendations. Presentation: No date and time listed
Fat distribution and ectopic lipid deposition in morbidly obese pregnant women in the third trimester: MRI analyses

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Maternal obesity is increasingly prevalent in the UK and is associated with a significant increase in maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. In non-pregnant obese subjects, reduced capacity of adipose tissue for lipid storage and ectopic lipid deposition in liver and skeletal muscle contribute to insulin resistance. We hypothesised that morbid obesity is associated with enhanced ectopic lipid accumulation in the third trimester of pregnancy. Healthy lean (BMI<25kg/m2) and morbidly obese (BMI>40kg/m2) women were imaged at approximately 36 weeks gestation in a 3T MRI scanner (Siemens) (n=10/group). 1H-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy was carried out in the right quadriceps muscle using a voxel size of 2cm3 and lipid concentration was calculated from the water-suppressed acquisition using the spectroscopy analysis tool JMRUI. Intrahepatic lipid signal contribution was calculated through subtraction of in and out of phase images. Adipose tissue distribution was quantified using a semi-automated thresholding technique (SliceOMatic). Hepatic lipid content was low in obese pregnant women with similar levels in lean and obese pregnant women at 36 weeks gestation (1.6±0.35 vs 1.2±0.3%). Subcutaneous adipose tissue was the largest abdominal adipose tissue depot in lean and obese women. Obese women had significantly greater subcutaneous (2.3 vs 0.5kg, p<0.0001) and intra-abdominal (0.5 vs 0.1kg, p<0.0001) lipid deposits compared with lean women. We conclude that obesity is not associated with elevated hepatic lipid accumulation in the third trimester of pregnancy, in contrast to weight matched, non pregnant individuals, and that this points to a potential hepato-protective mechanism from obesity in pregnancy.
Graphics gems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

From the Publisher:
The GRAPHICS GEMS was started in 1990 by Andrew Glassner. The vision and purpose of the Series was - and still is - to provide tips, techniques, and algorithms for graphics programmers. All of the gems are written by programmers who work in the field and are motivated by a common desire to share interesting ideas and tools with their colleagues. Each volume provides a new set of innovative solutions to a variety of programming problems
Time, language and flexibility of the mind: The role of mental time travel in linguistic comprehension and production

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

According to Chomsky, creativity is a critical property of human language, particularly the aspect of “the creative use of language” concerning the appropriateness to a situation. How language can be creative but appropriate to a situation is an unsolvable mystery from the Chomskyan point of view. We propose that language appropriateness can be explained by considering the role of the human capacity for Mental Time Travel at its foundation, together with social and ecological intelligences within a triadic language-grounding system. Our proposal is based on the change of perspective from the analysis of individual sentences to the flux of speech in which the temporal dimension of language is much more relevant.
Live cells detection in breast cell-line by FTIR micro-spectrometer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Infrared absorption for living cells in aqueous media has been measured for normal and cancer cells using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) point micro-spectrometer. IR characteristics of live cells were measured under cell culture conditions, while most of previous works were performed with dehydrated or fixed cells. In this paper, the infrared spectra of adhered cells were measured in transmission mode by point microscopy with spot sizes of 200 mum times 200 mum. Some remarkable differences are observed among normal (MCF10A), cancer(MCF7) and invasive cancer (MDAMB231) cells in breast cell line. Peaks at 3621 and 2873 cm -1 appeared except for MCF10A, which shows the distinction between cancer and normal cell. At 3621 cm -1 peak also, appeared in MCF10A after subculture over fifteen times, which seemed to be an evidence that normal cell was being transformed to cancer cell. These results show a potential of spectroscopic methodology instead of image analysis with fluorescence material in cell.
Control algorithms in a minimum of main processing costs for production amaranth hydrolyzates

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Treatment of amaranth produces valuable commodities heaving great meanings for human health and live. Mainly amaranth hydrolyzates both producing low molecular sugars and peptides. There is a need to optimize process of hydrolyze and separation of final products. Using theoretical tools of processing engineering the control algorithms in a minimum of main processing costs for production amaranth hydrolyzates was established.
Looking over the Iron Curtain : a theoretical and methodological exploration within the comparative new cinema history with a case study on Brno (Czech Republic), Antwerp and Ghent (Belgium)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This dissertation thesis contributes to the emerging paradigm of New Cinema History, which prioritizes the societal and cultural dimensions of cinema over the exclusive study of films themselves. Responding to the call for comparative research in the field, this thesis integrates digital visualization methodologies to explore patterns of local film distribution and film culture in mid-twentieth-century Brno, Antwerp, and Ghent. By employing advanced digital tools within a new history of cinema, the research enhances the analytical scope of comparative studies and allows for a deeper understanding of whether film preferences are shaped by imposed sociocultural trends or are rooted in local traditions. This thesis consists of three empirical chapters, each of which uses a combination of digital tools and gradually extends its scope from a local spatial analysis in Brno to a comparative spatial and temporal analysis in all three cities simultaneously. It addresses challenges such as data compatibility and completeness, reflecting the evolving landscape of digital archival resources. The research highlights methodological innovations, particularly in the use of network visualization techniques to compare film preferences in ideologically and economically different environments on opposite sides of the Iron Curtain. The findings, contextualised within the socio-political context of Cold War Europe, reveal how different economic systems and cultural policies have influenced local film cultures and cinema-going. The dissertation concludes by advocating for the continued integration of digital humanities tools into the New Cinema History, emphasizing their potential to provide deeper insights into the dynamic intersections of cinema, society, and culture.
Influence of Corporate Governance, Capital Structure, and Profitability on Firm Value in Banking Sector in Indonesia

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study investigates the influence of corporate governance, capital structure, and profitability on firm value in the Indonesian banking sector. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected from publicly listed banks’ financial reports and analyzed through multiple regression. Results indicate that corporate governance and profitability positively impact firm value, while high capital structure negatively affects it. Control variables, such as bank size and liquidity, also show significant relationships. These findings highlight the importance of robust governance, prudent debt management, and operational efficiency for sustainable growth. The study offers practical insights for managers, regulators, and investors while addressing limitations for future research.
A New Tool for Dissecting Genetic Control of Type 1 Diabetes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The NOD mouse has been a critical tool in the quest to understand the genetic control of type 1 diabetes (T1D), and over 25 murine insulin-dependent diabetes ( Idd ) loci that modulate the natural history of T1D have been identified (1). Several of the candidate genes identified in NOD mice also play a role in human T1D, suggesting that dysregulated immune pathways in NOD may closely resemble those found in humans, and justifying continuing work on the genetic origin of T1D in NOD (2). The role of specific genes in T1D has been explored by constructing congenic mice (carrying disease-protective Idd loci), by creating transgenic mice, and by knocking out genes. In each case, however, these studies have had a significant potential drawback: the presence of “passenger DNA” that can potentially confound the interpretation of the results (Fig. 1 A , top panel ) (3). Knockout mice, for example, have previously been made almost exclusively using non-NOD embryonic stem (ES) cells; the resulting non-NOD mice were backcrossed to NOD mice. The backcrossing process ensures that non-NOD genetic material is bred along with the genetic region of interest (Fig. 1 A , top panel ). This is not merely a theoretical concern, as some published studies of transgenic or deleted genes showed an effect on T1D that was later proven to arise from non-NOD passenger DNA (3).

Figure 1
A : Zinc-finger nuclease (ZFN) knockout technology eliminates passenger DNA. The top panel illustrates chromosomal DNA from a conventional knockout bred onto the NOD genetic …
Cyclophanes, XXVII. [2.2]Indenophane Mono‐ and Dianions: Preparation and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The preparation and chemical and physical properties of negatively charged polycyclic cyclophanes are reported. The throughspace electronic interactions and the through‐space anisotropy effects were deduced from proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance data. The systems studied belong to two main groups: a) 4 n π‐polycyclic dianions which are paratropic, e.g. [2.2]benzo‐[ g ]chrysenophane dianion ( 12 2− ), and b) (4 n + 2)π‐polycyclic mono‐ and dianions, which are diatropic. In the dianions both layers are charged, e. g. syn ‐[2.2]indenocyclophane ( 13 2− ) and its anti isomer ( 14 2− ). The monoanions studied are [2.2]benzoindenocyclophane ( 15 1− ), 4,5,17,18‐tetramethyl[2.2]benzoindenocyclophane ( 16 1− ), and 12‐methyl[2.2]benzoindenocyclophane ( 17 1− ). The spectroscopic properties of the layered anions were compared with those of 1,4‐dimethylindenyl anion ( 11 1− ) and with literature data of neutral cyclophanes, viz. 1 – 11 . A differentiation between the anisotropy and charge‐transfer effects has been made and it enables the estimation of the net through‐space interaction.
School shooting threats as a national phenomenon: comparison of police reports and psychiatric reports in Finland

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In aftermath of the school shootings in Finland (2007 and 2008), hundreds of schools were threatened with similar acts. These threats of homicidal violence occupied both police and psychiatrists, but little is known about the potential threat these cases posed. Our study compared the threats of homicidal violence communicated by pupils aged 12–18 using both police reports (n = 20, 2010) and psychiatric reports (n = 77, 2007–2009). We provide both descriptive information about the cases and statistical comparison based on threat assessment. The pupils were on average 14.9 years old, 13% girls. The threats were communicated most commonly in face-to-face situations in school to other pupils or teachers. Mental health problems were prevalent according to both data-sets. Pupils who were sent for adolescent psychiatric evaluation were a riskier group than the group who were only interrogated by the police. Police reports lacked specific information reflecting the fact that in 2010 Finnish police had not adopted tools for structural risk assessment that were already used by Finnish psychiatry. Our results underline the benefits of structural threat assessment approach, which saves resources and helps experts working with adolescents to gather relevant information and systematically assess it. In addition, it would be important to establish proper collaboration between schools, police and psychiatry.
MISeval: a Metric Library for Medical Image Segmentation Evaluation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Correct performance assessment is crucial for evaluating modern artificial intelligence algorithms in medicine like deep-learning based medical image segmentation models. However, there is no universal metric library in Python for standardized and reproducible evaluation. Thus, we propose our open-source publicly available Python package MISeval: a metric library for Medical Image Segmentation Evaluation. The implemented metrics can be intuitively used and easily integrated into any performance assessment pipeline. The package utilizes modern CI/CD strategies to ensure functionality and stability. MISeval is available from PyPI (miseval) and GitHub: https://github.com/frankkramer-lab/miseval.
Identification of molecular correlations of RBM8A with autophagy in Alzheimer's disease

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Our previous studies revealed RBM8A may play a role in various progressive neurological diseases. The present study aimed to explore the role of RBM8A in Alzheimer's disease (AD). RBM8A is significantly down-regulated in AD. Interestingly, 9186 differentially expressed genes are overlapped from comparisons of AD versus control and RBM8A-low versus RBM8A-high. Weight gene correlation analysis was performed and 9 functional modules were identified. Modules positively correlated with AD and RBM8A-low are significantly involved in the RAP1 signaling pathway, PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, hematopoietic cell lineage, autophagy and APELIN signaling pathway. Fifteen genes (RBM8A, RHBDF2, TNFRSF10B, ACP1, ANKRD39, CA10, CAMK4, CBLN4, LOC284214, NOVA1, PAK1, PPEF1, RGS4, TCEB1 and TMEM118) are identified as hub genes, and the hub gene-based LASSO model can accurately predict the occurrence of AD (AUC = 0.948). Moreover, the RBM8A-module-pathway network was constructed, and low expression of RBM8A down-regulates multiple module genes, including FIP200, Beclin 1, NRBF2, VPS15 and ATG12, which composes key complexes of autophagy. Thus, our study supports that low expression of RBM8A correlates with the decrease of the components of key complexes in autophagy, which could potentially contribute to pathophysiological changes of AD.
The Origins of Reinforced Concrete Interventions to Historic Structures in Turkey

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Reinforced concrete interventions have been a critical issue for restorations in the field of conservation since the early twentieth century. Until the twenty-first century, cement-containing interventions could be seen in almost all restorations in Turkey. There are even examples of monumental buildings whose structural systems have been converted to reinforced concrete. However, in more recent years in Turkey, reconstructions with echoes of stylistic unity began to emerge, with less of a focus on preservation and without consideration of the documentary value of the reinforced concrete used in the strengthening interventions of the twentieth century. From a structural viewpoint, it is necessary to assess whether mixed structures of reinforced concrete and masonry work well. From a conservation viewpoint, despite negative perceptions of reinforced concrete, these historic interventions have avoided confusion or falsification where the precise original nature of the structure is unknown. With these remarks in mind, this study describes the origins of reinforced concrete interventions in conservation in Turkey. It provides a general framework of the concept of interventions for strengthening and preservation at the intersection of reinforced concrete, earthquakes, codes, and conservation theories by tracking experiences with reinforced concrete from the Ottoman Empire to the early years of the Republic of Turkey.
Mechanisms of response and resistance to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Immune checkpoint inhibition with anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies has revolutionised the treatment of metastatic melanoma. However, most patients fail to respond or develop acquired resistance. A greater understanding of the mechanisms of response and resistance to checkpoint-based immunotherapies is required. Key to this is the need to identify the exact immune cell phenotypes responsible for anti-PD-1 and/or anti-CTLA-4 response, including the factors responsible for their recruitment and retention in tumours. Currently clinical trials are exploring novel strategies for overcoming resistance to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, specifically through the targeting of alternative checkpoint receptors. In this thesis, we investigate the cells underlying response to anti-PD-1 checkpoint immunotherapy and show that CD103+ tumor resident CD8 T cells are strongly associated with patient overall survival in melanoma and expand significantly early during treatment with anti-PD-1. We show that IL-15 expression, but not tumor mutation burden, is associated with a higher density of these cells in patient tumors. Next, we investigate the expression profile of alternative checkpoint markers in primary, regional, and metastatic melanoma disease. Specifically, we show that only a small subset of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes expresses alternative co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory markers at any stage of disease, with PD-1 negative tumors lacking alternative targets compared to PD-1 positive tumors. Lastly, we investigate predictive biomarkers of response to second-line combination ant-PD-1+ anti-CTLA-4 after failure to first-line anti-PD-1 therapy. We characterize these patient tumors and identify the proportion of TCF7+ CD8 T cells and CD4 T cells as immune phenotypes associated with second-line response to combination treatment. Collectively, this thesis represents a significant step forward in our understanding of the mechanisms of response and resistance to immunotherapy.
Herbicidal Characteristics of Dhelwangin Isolated from Agastache rugosa

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A series of experiments were conducted to elucidate herbicidal action characterisitics of dhelwangin [4-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-(4-methyl-1-oxo-pentyl)-2H-pyran-2-one] isolated from Agastache rugosa. Dhelwangin did not affect seed germination. Reduction of chlorophyll content in maize and soybean as affected by 10mM dhelwangin was about 84% and 75%, respectively, which were very close to the level obtained with 0.1mM paraquat. The herbicidal activity of dhelwangin increased under light condition, but mode of action of dhelwangin was not likely to be associated with photosynthesis. Electrolyte leakage from soybean leaf disks incubated in dhelwangin solution was much greater than one from maize leaf disks. Elongation of oat coleoptile was completely inhibited at higher than 0.5mM dhelwangin. The results suggested that mode of action of dhelwangin was possibly related in part with destruction of cell membrane, resulting in inhibition of cell elongation.