jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Towards a Psycholinguistic Database of Arabic

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Psycholinguistic databases are indispensable resources for psycholinguistic and computational research. Many languages have such valuable resources, such as English, Croatian, Dutch, French, and Chinese. Unfortunately, Arabic doesn't have such databases. This research aims at introducing the guidelines for building a psycholinguistic database of Arabic. The database will be available in two phases: the first is a psycholinguistic phase in which subjective ratings are collected for several variables such as concreteness, imageability, subjective frequency, and number of meanings, the second is a computational phase in which ratings are stacked with other linguistic information obtained from corpora, such as root, stem, objective frequency, number of syllables, and word length. This phase is meant to provide an online searchable release that can be used by psycholinguists and computational linguists for building cognitive-based artificial intelligence models. This survey is meant to introduce the building process of the psycholinguistic phase in detail.
A Survey of the Adverse Effects and Influence of Concomitant Drugs for Methotrexate Intrathecal Administration

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In general, the intraventricular administration of cytotoxic antitumor drugs provides a high drug concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid with a reduced risk of systemic adverse reactions. Methotrexate (MTX) high-dose therapy requires close monitoring when performed in combination with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (ST) therapy and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration for excretion delay and toxicity enhancement. While the frequency of systemic side effects is thought to be low with intrathecal administration, such effects do rarely but occasionally occur. We must consider drug interactions with combination therapy as a potential factor inducing such effects. We examined the patients who received MTX intrathecal administration at Fukuoka University Hospital from January 2013 to December 2014 with respect to the onset of side effects and combination therapy. MTX intrathecal administration was performed a total of 79 times in 27 patients. In five of these 27 patients, MTX intrathecal administration was performed twice a week, and hematotoxicity and non-hematotoxicity developed in two patients in whom ST was also administered. On the other hand, even if ST and/or PPI was administered, no side effects were observed in the patients administered levofolinate.
Augustine and the Economy of Sacrifice

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Business is generally viewed as a means to generate personal or corporate wealth, but business transactions can also sacrificially serve the common good. In conversation with contemporary social theorists, Joshua S. Nunziato in this book critically evaluates the spiritual significance and aims of economic exchange. Inspired by Augustine's vision of the Church as a 'universal sacrifice', he explores how Augustine's approach teaches us detachment - both personal and collective - which releases us from illusory claims of ownership and reframes business as an exercise in loving and letting go. Nunziato's volume engages with the big questions of economic life and considers both why and how we acknowledge people through business in a way that results in collective well-being. It will be of interest to scholars and students of Augustinian studies, philosophy of exchange, and economic ethics.
A Simple Frost Model for Calculation of the Frost Thickness over Ground Aircraft Surfaces

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this study, a simple model that describes frost formation over ground aircraft surfaces is presented. The model uses the data of the aircraft surface temperature, air temperature and air velocity to predict the frost thickness. The frost surface temperature and the frost thickness under different atmospheric conditions are investigated. The results indicate the frost thickness increases with the air velocity and the air temperature, decrease with the surface temperature. This model enables forecast of the frost formation over ground aircraft surface.
Optical properties of InAs/InP surface layers formed during the arsenic stabilization process

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Optical characterization has been performed on the InAs/InP surface layer in order to study the arsenic (As) stabilization process of InP. The InAs layers are formed by the simple exchange of phosphorus (P) from the InP surface substrate by arsenic. Samples prepared under arsenic overpressure in the temperature range 450–600 °C have been examined. Luminescence from the InAs layer which acts as a surface quantum well has been detected. We have compared this emission with theoretical calculations and reasonable agreement was observed. Moreover, we have determined that when the arsenic stabilization temperature increases the InAs thickness increases as a consequence of P–As exchange and that after the replacement of the five first top monolayers this exchange seems to stop. We explain this result in terms of the shield effect of the InAs overlayers which efficiently cap the InP substrate against further P evaporation and the restoration of surface structural order which limits any other phosphorus exodiffusion. Comparing our results with those of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements we have concluded that on samples treated at high temperatures, three-dimensional InAs islands are formed.
Exploring diversity in expert knowledge: variation in local ecological knowledge of Alaskan recreational and subsistence fishers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Local ecological knowledge (LEK) of resource users is a valuable source of information about environmental trends and conditions. However, many factors influence how people perceive their environment and it may be important to identify sources of variation in LEK when using it to understand ecological change. This study examined variation in LEK arising from differences in people’s experience in the environment. From 2014 to 2016, we conducted 98 semi-structured interviews with subsistence fishers and recreational charter captains in four Alaskan coastal communities to document LEK of seven fish species. Fishers observed declines in fish abundance and body size, though the patterns varied among species, regions, and fishery sectors. Overall, subsistence harvesters provided a longer-term view of abundance changes compared with charter captains. Regression analyses indicated that the extent of people’s fishing areas and their years of fishing experience were relatively important factors in explaining variation in fishers’ perceptions of fish abundance. When taken together, perspectives from fishers in multiple regions and sectors can provide a more complete picture of changes in nearshore fish populations than any source alone. These findings underscore the importance of including people with different types of expertise in local knowledge studies designed to document environmental change.
Army Wives with Young Children: Motherhood, Market Work and the Significance of Army Family Policy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examines the relative impacts of three groups of factors on the labor force participation of Army wives with children under the age of six and the implications for Army family policy. The three groups of factors are: (1) individual, family and socioeconomic factors, (2) features of Army life (eg. relocations, separations), and (3) satisfaction with overall support for Army families and select Army programs. The goals of this secondary analysis of the 1987 Annual Survey of Army Families (ASAF) are twofold. One goal is to analyze the combined effects of being a mother of a young child, being a wife of a Service member in the Army, and participating in the labor force. The second goal is to examine the linkage between the findings of this research and Army family policy. Log linear analysis is used to develop models that most parsimoniously represent the key factors that effect the odds an Army wife with young children will be in the labor force. First, a hierarchical log linear model is employed to estimate and select explanatory variables of labor force participation to be tested in a logit model. Second, the logit model is used to determine the log odds or chances that a woman has of being in the labor force based on the function of explanatory variables. Certain effects appear to be consistently significant and make a larger contribution to the logit models tested overall. Among the effects that increase the odds of an Army wife with young children being in the labor force are: whether the woman is black, whether the couple is geographically separated, whether the wife experiences problems with her overall adaptation to Army life, and whether she is dissatisfied with the overall support she perceives from the Army. The study concludes that a broader focus on balancing the demands of work and family life, rather than focusing primarily on facilitating the Army wife's access to jobs, should result in better outcomes for the Army and for Army families.
Measurement development for eco-innovation capabilities of Malaysian oil and gas firms

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose To combat concerns over the state of the natural environment, energy security and deteriorating air quality, the oil and gas sector needs to implement eco-innovations. Interest in eco-innovation is growing, as its implementation facilitates the transition toward sustainable development and a circular economy, while enabling firms to attain a competitive advantage vis-à-vis capabilities that foster sustainable economic and environmental development. However, literature on eco-innovation capabilities construct development, measurement and validation is scant. This study, therefore, develops an Eco-innovation Capabilities Scale for oil and gas firms. Design/methodology/approach Three dimensions of Eco-innovation Capabilities are identified through an extensive literature review and qualitative interviews. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis is applied to data collected from managers of Malaysian Oil and Gas Services and Equipment (OGSE) companies. Findings Results reveal a parsimonious three-dimensional structure with nine items. The construct of eco-innovation capabilities is manifested by Product Service Stewardship, Environmental Pollution Prevention and Sustainable Development Commitment dimensions. Reliability analysis confirms the reliability and validity of the scale. Originality/value The eco-innovation capabilities scale should be useful to researchers in exploring dimensions, factors and outcomes of eco-innovation capabilities. Oil and gas firms play a key role in the global energy mix; hence managers of oil and gas firms may also find this scale useful in measuring their eco-innovation implementation.
Dispersion of the fifth-order nonlinear optical susceptibility 113333 (5) (;,0,0,0,0) of a polydiacetylene film

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The dispersion of the fifth-order nonlinear optical susceptibility 113333 (5) (;,0,0,0,0) of a spin-coated polydiacetylene film ( poly(BPOD), i.e., poly8-butoxy carbonyl methyl urethanyl1-(5-pyrimidyl)-octa-1, 3-diyne ) is determined through electroabsorption spectroscopy. The maximum values of the real and the imaginary parts of 113333 (5) (;,0,0,0,0) are 9.8710 21 esu and 1.2810 20 esu , respectively. A model is proposed to explain the spectral dispersion of the nonlinear optical susceptibility.
Comparison of Irritative Nystagmus and Paralytic Nystagmus in Eighty Patients with Unilateral Vestibular Disorder

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Irritative nystagmus directed to the affected side had a large amplitude variation and a large slow phase velocity.Paralytic nystagmus directed to the sound side had a large interval variation and a small amplitude.Most of the 40 patients with irritative nystagmus complained of vertigo and the 40 patients with paralytic nystagmus complained of frequent dizzy sensations.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Intradialytic parenteral nutrition does not improve survival in malnourished hemodialysis patients: a 2-year multicenter, prospective, randomized study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: Intradialytic parenteral nutrition does not improve survival in malnourished hemodialysis patients: a 2-year multicenter, prospective, randomized study.
Monitoring of Total Type II Pyrethroid Pesticides in Citrus Oils and Water by Converting to a Common Product 3-Phenoxybenzoic Acid

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Pyrethroids are a class of insecticides that are becoming increasingly popular in agricultural and home use applications. Sensitive assays for pyrethroid insecticides in complex matrices are difficult with both instrumental and immunochemical methods. Environmental analysis of the pyrethroids by immunoassay requires either knowing which pyrethroids contaminate the source or the use of nonspecific antibodies with cross-reactivities to a class of compounds. We describe an alternative method that converts the type II pyrethroids to a common chemical product, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), prior to analysis. This method is much more sensitive than detecting the parent compound, and it is much easier to detect a single compound rather than an entire class of compounds. This is useful in screening for pyrethroids as a class or in situations where a single type of pyrethroid is used. We demonstrated this technique in both citrus oils and environmental water samples with conversion rates of the pyrethroid to 3-PBA that range from 45 to 75% and methods that require no extraction steps for either the immunoassay or the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) techniques. Limits of detection for this technique applied to orange oil are 5 nM, 2 μM, and 0.8 μM when detected by LC-MS/MS, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and immunoassay, respectively. The limit of detection for pyrethroids in water when detected by immunoassay was 2 nM.
A Dual-Hop Backhaul Network Architecture for 5G Ultra-Small Cells Using Millimetre-Wave

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper instigates a new network architecture for future 5G backhaul networks which can be used to achieve higher throughput capacity and better Quality of Service in high data traffic scenarios. This network is predominantly based on dual-hop wireless links which introduce an intermediate relay point between backhaul transceivers. To make this network a high capacity density wireless system, the base stations are densely deployed and equipped with highly directional antennas which use millimetre wave. It is shown that the overall performance can be improved by up to 45% by reducing the bottleneck and introducing routing diversity to such a dense dual-hop backhaul network. Moreover, it is shown how the performance of the dual-hop backhaul network can be modelled using the Erlang-B traffic distribution.
Repairing the Breach: Faith-Based Community Organizing to Dismantle Mass Incarceration

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Public awareness of the injustices of mass incarceration has grown significantly over the last decade. Many people have learned about mass incarceration in church contexts through book groups, study campaigns, and denominational statements. In recent years, faith-based community organizing (FBCO) networks have increasingly turned their attention to mass incarceration in light of the growing awareness of many Christian individuals, congregations, and denominations. Mass incarceration, however, presents three distinctive challenges to FBCO. First, dismantling mass incarceration requires overtly and conscientiously confronting white supremacy and advancing racial and ethnic equity; faith-based community organizers have avoided this work in the past for fear of dividing their base. Second, streams of Christian theology based in retributivism have provided justifications for increasingly punitive practices and policies, thus contributing to mass incarceration; FBCO networks must construct and uplift alternative theological streams to support alternative practices and policies. Finally, several practices and policies tied to mass incarceration deplete the political power of individuals, families, and communities most deeply impacted by it. Organizing against mass incarceration requires new strategies for building social capital and creating coalitions among groups who have been disenfranchised, marginalized, and undercounted by these practices and policies. Together, these challenges have required FBCO networks to adapt assumptions, strategies, and relationships that had previously been effective in addressing other issues, such as healthcare, employment, education, and transportation. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, this paper explores the insights, struggles, and innovations of ISAIAH, a network in Minnesota, as its members work to dismantle mass incarceration and confront its unique challenges.
Yield of Native Warm‐Season Grasses in Response to Nitrogen and Harvest Frequency

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Core Ideas Within year, harvest frequency has the greatest effect on DM production of native warm‐season grasses. Nitrogen has little effect on native warm‐season grass DM yield. Eastern gamagrass can tolerate consecutive years of frequent defoliations and maintain yield. Five native warm‐season grass species and mixtures were grown in east‐central Mississippi on a coarse‐loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Glossic Fragiudult, to determine their potential as forage grasses in response to harvest frequency and N application. Established stands were harvested at 30, 40, 60, and 120 d intervals, and were fertilized with N rates of 0, 56, 112, 168, and 224 kg N ha −1 for two consecutive years (2016 and 2017). Dry matter (DM) yield and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (aNUE) were analyzed. Year, treated as a repeated measure, was the main source of variation affecting DM yields. Within year, harvest frequency had the greatest effect on cumulative yields in 2016, accounting for 44% of the variation observed. This effect was not observed in 2017. Frequent defoliations led to overall lower yields in 2017. Nitrogen was significant, but moderately, accounting for 2 and 4% of variation for 2016 and 2017, respectively. Species was also significant for both years. Agronomic N use efficiency varied between year, species, N rate, and harvest frequency. Eastern gamagrass [ Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.] was the only species in which cumulative DM yield remained consistent across both years of the study, regardless of harvest frequency or N application. Results suggest that rest periods should be based on species present, and that less frequent harvests are required for sustained DM yields.
Trea TmenT wiTh auTologous bone marrow mononuclear cells in pa TienTs wiTh criTical lower limb ischaemia. ap iloT sTudy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Backgroun da nd Aims: Tr eatment with autologous, bone marrow mononuclear stem cells has shown effects in patients with chronic limb ischaemia in one randomized clinical study .T he aim of the study was to test the potential effect of stem cell treatment in a strict defined group of patients with stable critical limb ischaemia (c li). design: ap ro spective, combined-centre pilot study . Material: eight patients with cli of the lower extremities, and without any other treat ment options. Methods: bone marrow cells were harvested from the patient’ si liac crest and, after separation, injected into the calf muscles of the affected leg. outcome was evaluated by digital subtraction angiography (d sa), visual analogue scale (Vas) and several non-invasive circulatory physiological tests. Results: There were no complications from the procedures. Tw op atients were ampu tated two months after cell injection. Five patients reported pain relief after four months. Five patients could be evaluated at eight months. according to Va sa nd physiological tests, they were all either stable or showed improvement. Conclusion: This method seems to be as afe option for treating patients with cli. inclusion of patients took al ong time, mainly because many patients with cli are offered endovascular treatment in our institution. while symptomatic improvement was found in individual patients, larger trials are required to investigate efficacy .T his will probably require multi-centre participation.
Characterization of the Fiber-Matrix Interphase and its Influence on Mechanical Properties of Unidirectional Composites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The fiber-matrix interphase is commonly altered in graphite fiber rein-forced composites by changing the level of surface treatment imparted to the fibers and by using different fiber sizings. In this study, the influence of both surface treatment and fiber sizing on the mechanical properties of unidirectional composites was studied. Three material systems having the same high modulus Apollo carbon fibers (manufactured by Courtoulds Research) and HC 9106-3 toughened epoxy matrix, but with different fiber sizing and surface treatment, were used to study the effects of the interphase. For convenience, these are designated 810 A, 820 A and 8100 systems. The fibers used in the 810 A and 8100 systems received 100% industry standard surface treatment, while the fibers used in the 820 A system received 200% industry standard surface treatment. The "A" and "O" represent unreacted bisphenol-A epoxy and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) sizing respectively. The formation of distinctly different interphase in these three material systems was confirmed using a pernanganic etching technique. The etching study also revealed a highly nonuniform distribution of PVP in the 8100 system. Unidirectional tensile test results indicated significant reduction in the longitudinal stiffness of the PVP sized 8100 laminates. However, the tensile strength and failure strain of this system were vastly greater than those of the epoxy sized 810 A laminates. The systems with 10% and 200% levels of fiber surface treatment had similar longitudinal tensile properties. Transverse tensile test results indicated that the interracial bond strength was greatest in the 820 A system and lowest in the PVP sized 8100 system. The transverse flexural strength of the 8100 and 820 A systems were however found to be significantly greater than that of the 810 A system. It is postulated that the differences in unidirectional mechanical properties in these material systems are essentially due to differences in the interfacial bond strength and efficiency of load transfer from the matrix to the fiber.