jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Variability and interrelationships of grain quantity and quality characteristics in soybean

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective of this study was to estimate the efficiency and reliability of grain quantity and quality characteristics in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) as selection criteria in breeding for higher grain yield. Trials were conducted on the experimental field of the Agricultural Institute Osijek (Croatia) during a three-year period (1993-1995) and involved 22 soybean genotypes. Mean values, variation coefficients, correlation coefficients and path coefficients were estimated for grain yield components, grain yield, protein and oil content in grain. The variation coefficient was low for the following traits: oil and protein content in grain, seed yield/plant, number of nodes/plant and seeds number/plant. Phenotypic path coefficients indicated a very strong positive direct effect of seeds number/plant and seed yield/plant on grain yield.The results of biometrical analyses showed that the direct selection on higher number of seeds/plant and higher seed yield/plant would result in greater genetic advance in grain yield.
Abstract 105: CADM1 is a TWIST1-regulated suppressor of melanoma invasion and survival

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Metastatic melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer; however, patients diagnosed and treated prior to metastatic dissemination have a good prognosis. The transcription factor, TWIST1 has been implicated in enhancing the migration and invasion of melanoma cells but the range of TWIST1-regulated targets is poorly described. In this study, we performed expression profiling to identify the TWIST1-regulated transcriptome. Gene ontology pathway analysis revealed that TWIST1 and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) were inversely correlated with levels of cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1). Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) studies and promoter assays demonstrated that TWIST1 physically interacts with the CADM1 promoter, suggesting TWIST1 directly represses CADM1 levels. Modulation of CADM1 resulted in significant effects on the migration and invasion of melanoma cells. In addition, elevated CADM1 elicited cell death in non-adherent conditions, an effect that could not be rescued with a pan-caspase inhibitor. Analyses suggest that CADM1 directed non-adherent cell death is associated with loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and subsequent failure of oxidative phosphorylation pathways. Furthermore, clinical data from TCGA indicates that CADM1 expression is correlated with better overall survival in patients. Together, these data suggest that CADM1 exerts tumor suppressive functions in melanoma by reducing invasive potential and may be a biomarker for improved survival of melanoma patients. Citation Format: Edward J. Hartsough, Michele B. Weiss, Shea A. Heilman, Timothy J. Purwin, Curtis H. Kugel, Sheera R. Rosenbaum, Dan A. Erkes, Manoela Tiago, Inna Chervoneva, Andrew E. Aplin. CADM1 is a TWIST1-regulated suppressor of melanoma invasion and survival [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 105.
Dosage Dependent Genetic Suppression of Oat Crown Rust Resistance Gene Pc‐62

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Combining crown rust resistance (CRR) genes is an objective many oat ( Avena sativa L.) breeding programs. Genetic suppressors of CRR have been reported, but the genetic nature of such suppressors has not been investigated. An excess of susceptible seedlings in segregating progeny of crosses involving genotypes with Pc‐38 and Pc‐62 suggested the Pc‐38 parent may have a factor that inhibits the expression of Pc‐62 . Our objectives were to (i) examine a putative genetic interaction between oat CRR gene Pc‐62 and a dominant suppressor, (ii) utilize chromosomine terchanges tocks to define genetically the location of the suppressor, (iii) evaluate the effect of gene dosage combinations on the resistance‐suppression relationship, and (iv) examine alternative explanations of distorted segregation (genetic background and differential gametet ransmission). The use of duplication‐deficiency (Dp‐Df) genotypes placed a putative suppressor an interchanged chromosome segment that contains Pc‐38 . Resistance conferred by Pc‐62 was suppressed in F 1 trisomic CRR locus combinations (1 Pc‐62:2 Pc‐38 ) in comparison to the expression of resistance in F 1 seedlings hemizygous for Pc‐62 . The Pc‐38 segment contributed by two independently derived cultivars produced equivalent suppression in F 1 combinations with Pc‐62 . The presence of Pc‐38 in an interchanged position in the cultivar Dumont allowed production of mono‐ and diallelic combinations of resistance genes and evaluation of mono‐, di‐, and trisomic segregation of the CRR locus. Diallelic trisomic segregation for the CRR locus indicated that an increasing dosage of Pc‐62 , relative to the suppressor and Pc‐38 , decreased the degree of suppression. Male transmission of Dp‐Df gametes was not reduced relative to the frequency of gametes with a complete chromosome complement.
Self-tuning of local velocity feedback controllers to maximise power absorption

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The active control of vibration on large structures requires multiple actuators and sensors. If these are arranged in collocated pairs, multiple modules, each containing an actuator, sensor and independently acting feedback controller, can be used to achieve control.<br/><br/>Although the use of such a modular approach to active control has several attractions, to provide good performance they must be able to self-tune their feedback gain to adapt to the environment they find themselves in.<br/>In this paper, the self-tuning of such local velocity feedback controllers is considered based on the maximisation of their absorbed power, as estimated from the measured velocity signal. It is found that, for broadband excitations, maximisation of the power absorbed, which requires only local measurements, provides a good approximation to the minimisation of the overall kinetic energy in a structure, corresponding to its global response. <br/><br/>The method is initially demonstrated assuming ideal force actuators, but the modifications of the method are also discussed for the more practical case of inertial actuators.
Hydrated Silica and Bridgmanite in Lower-Mantle Subducting Slabs

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Subducting slabs can transport water into the topmost lower mantle.This can have significant geophysical, geodynamic, and geochemical consequences including dehydration melting, formation of excess mantle minerals, and seismic anomalies.Seismic observations have indicated the existence of melt layers at topmost lower mantle likely associated with the slab subducting processes.In this presentation, we will examine the water solubility in mantle stishovite and bridgmanite and discuss how water affects the mineralogy and geophysical properties of subducting slab materials at the topmost lower mantle conditions.Al,Fe-bearing bridgmanite and Al-bearing stishovite, two major constituent minerals in subducted oceanic crust, can contain up to approximately 1000 ppm of water in relevant slab environments.When subducted crust undergoes partial melting and releases water, bridgmanite can become unstable and decompose into stishovite and ferropericlase in cold subducting slabs at the topmost lower mantle conditions.This can lead to formation of excess hydrated silica and the amount of stishovite will increase substantially in local regions.This can help explain the mineralogy of diamond inclusions from the lower mantle.We will also use modelled elasticity and sound velocities to address how the partial melting-induced dissociation and formation of minerals can lead to large velocity contrasts (particularly the contrast in V S ) that can help explain seismic observations of the region.
Child Abuse Assessment

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This chapter identifies the clinical use and issues involved in the assessment of abused children. It describes Child Behavior Checklist-PTSD Subscale, Child Sexual Behavior Inventory, Child Dissociative Checklist, Pediatric Emotional Distress Scale, Child Abuse Potential Inventory, Parenting Stress Index, Child Sexual Abuse Attitudes Measure, Parent–Child Conflict Tactics Scale, Child Abuse Potential Inventory, Child Sexual Abuse Attitudes Measure, Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire, Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children, Child and Adolescent Trauma Screen, Impact of Events Scale, Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale, Children's PTSD-Reaction Index, Childhood Victimization Trauma, Covert Traumatic Experience Scale, and the Moral Injury Assessment for Survivors. A strategy for selecting and implementing the assessment is provided. Case material illustrates the use of these assessments. To aid in choosing an appropriate measure for use with a specific couple, a Matrix provides capsule summaries of each instrument.
THE LABELLING OF DISPENSED MEDICINES FOR THE ELDERLY PATIENT: A PILOT SURVEY

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The problems that elderly patients encounter when managing their own drugs were approached from the point of view of the understanding that these patients have of the labels on dispensed medicines. Thirty medically qualified volunteers at Burton District Hospital Centre were used to evaluate the adequacy of the present handwritten, labelling system for elderly out-patients by the use of a questionnaire. Further, by means of structured interviews with thirty elderly out-patients and a discriminating test procedure, the proposed, new, typed, labelling system was compared with two other labelling systems, the ability of the patients to understand the labels determined and the efficiency of the proposed, new system tested. The trends indicated by this pilot survey are that the present system of handwritten labels is inadequate and inefficient. Medical staff may repeatedly go over instructions and patients identify their drugs by means other than the label. Regardless of the quality of the label the regimen for a particular patient often determines the necessity for repeat instructions. Further, the proposed, typed, labelling system was ranked last by staff and patients when compared with two other systems (Ladywell and Thomas). The ability of patients to understand typed labels was very low. A new labelling system based on these trends is proposed.
Relating force balances and flow length scales in geodynamo simulations

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

SUMMARY In fluid dynamics, the scaling behaviour of flow length scales is commonly used to infer the governing force balance of a system. The key to a successful approach is to measure length scales that are simultaneously representative of the energy contained in the solution (energetically relevant) and also indicative of the established force balance (dynamically relevant). In the case of numerical simulations of rotating convection and magnetohydrodynamic dynamos in spherical shells, it has remained difficult to measure length scales that are both energetically and dynamically relevant, a situation that has led to conflicting interpretations, and sometimes misrepresentations of the underlying force balance. By analysing an extensive set of magnetic and non-magnetic models, we focus on two length scales that achieve both energetic and dynamical relevance. The first one is the peak of the poloidal kinetic energy spectrum, which we successfully compare to crossover points on spectral representations of the force balance. In most dynamo models, this result confirms that the dominant length scale of the system is controlled by a previously proposed quasi-geostrophic (QG-) MAC (Magneto-Archimedean-Coriolis) balance. In non-magnetic convection models, the analysis generally favours a QG-CIA (Coriolis-Inertia-Archimedean) balance. Viscosity, which is typically a minor contributor to the force balance, does not control the dominant length scale at high convective supercriticalities in the non-magnetic case, and in the dynamo case, once the generated magnetic energy largely exceeds the kinetic energy. In dynamo models, we introduce a second energetically relevant length scale associated with the loss of axial invariance in the flow. We again relate this length scale to another crossover point in scale-dependent force balance diagrams, which marks the transition between large-scale geostrophy (the equilibrium of Coriolis and pressure forces) and small-scale magnetostrophy, where the Lorentz force overtakes the Coriolis force. Scaling analysis of these two energetically and dynamically relevant length scales suggests that the Earth’s dynamo is controlled by a QG-MAC balance at a dominant scale of about $200 \, \mathrm{km}$, while magnetostrophic effects are deferred to scales smaller than $50 \, \mathrm{km}$.
The inflammatory infiltrate in lichen planus lesions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract. The labeling index of the infiltrate of oral lichen planus lesions was significantly greater than that of normal mucosa, and its labeling activity redistributed, as determined by in vitro autoradiography. An electron microscopic examination of the infiltrate of lichen planus lesions of oral mucosa and skin supported the concept that the lichen planus infiltrate represents a cell mediated immune response in which T lymphocytes and macrophages are predominant.
Auditory hallucinations and PTSD in ex-POWS

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Literature has suggested that auditory hallucinations might be prevalent in the general population and could be linked to the experience of trauma. This prospective study examines the prevalence of auditory hallucinations in trauma survivors and its association with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, over time. Former prisoners of war (ex-POWs) from the 1973 Yom Kippur War (n = 99) with and without PTSD and comparable veterans (n = 103) were assessed twice, in 1991 (T1) and 2003 (T2) in regard to auditory hallucinations and PTSD symptoms. Findings indicated that ex-POWs who suffered from PTSD reported higher levels of auditory hallucinations at T2 as well as increased hallucinations over time, compared to ex-POWs without PTSD and combatants who did not endure captivity. The relation between PTSD and auditory hallucinations was unidirectional, so that the PTSD overall score at T1 predicted an increase in auditory hallucinations between T1 and T2, but not vice versa. Assessing the role of PTSD clusters in predicting hallucinations revealed that intrusion symptoms had a unique contribution, compared to avoidance and hyperarousal symptoms. The findings suggest that auditory hallucinations might be a consequence of the posttraumatic reaction among veterans.
Completely mixed linear games and irreducibility concepts for Z-transformations over self-dual cones

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In the setting of a self-dual cone in a finite-dimensional inner product space, we consider (zero-sum) linear games. In our previous work, we showed that a Z-transformation with positive value is completely mixed. The present paper considers the case when the value is zero. Motivated by the matrix game result that a Z-matrix with value zero is completely mixed if and only if it is irreducible, we formulate our general results based on the concepts of cone-irreducibility and space-irreducibility. While the concept of cone-irreducibility for a positive linear transformation is well-known, we introduce space-irreducibility for a general linear transformation by reformulating the irreducibility concept of Elsner. Our main result is that for a Z-transformation with value zero, space-irreducibility is necessary and sufficient for the completely mixed property. We also extend a recent result of Parthasarathy et al. on matrix games with value zero to the setting of a symmetric cone (in a Euclidean Jordan algebra). Additionally, we present a refined cone/space-irreducibility result for positive transformations on symmetric cones.
Geothermal development plan: Graham/Greenlee Counties

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The Graham/Greenlee County Area Development Plan evaluated the region-wide market potential for utilizing geothermal energy. The study identified five potential geothermal resource areas with temperatures less than 100{sup 0}C (212{sup 0}F). In addition, seven areas are inferred to contain higher temperature resources with the Clifton Hot Springs area having electrical potential. Geothermal resources are found to occur near Safford and Clifton, the two major population centers. Future population growth in the two counties is expected to average less than two percent per year over the next 40 years. Growth in the mining, trade and services economic sectors provide opportunities for the direct utilization of geothermal energy. A regional energy use analysis is included containing energy use and price projections. Water supplies are found to be adequate for urban needs, though agricultural and mineral water use may be limited in the future. The study also contains a preliminary economic analysis for two district heating systems as well as a section matching geothermal resources to potential users.
Citi S: Cingulin contains globular and coiled-coil domains and interacts with ZO-1, ZO-2, ZO-3, and myosin

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract. We characterized the sequence and protein interactions of cingulin, an M r 140–160-kD phosphoprotein localized on the cytoplasmic surface of epithelial tight junctions (TJ). The derived amino acid sequence of a full-length Xenopus laevis cingulin cDNA shows globular head (residues 1–439) and tail (1,326– 1,368) domains and a central �-helical rod domain (440–1,325). Sequence analysis, electron microscopy, and pull-down assays indicate that the cingulin rod is responsible for the formation of coiled-coil parallel dimers, which can further aggregate through intermolecular interactions. Pull-down assays from epithelial, insect cell, and reticulocyte lysates show that an NH 2-terminal fragment of cingulin (1–378) interacts in vitro with ZO-1 (K d �5 nM), ZO-2, ZO-3, myosin, and AF-6,
Effect of Birth Weight and Gender on the Umbilical Cord Serum Zinc in Neonates Delivered at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Zinc plays vital roles in all the systems of the human body. To reduce neonatal mortality in developing countries, cost-effective and evidence-based interventions that can enhance growth, development, and immunity need to be considered. About 60% of foetal zinc is acquired during the third trimester of pregnancy, when foetal weight increases three-fold. Therefore, low birth weight infants are more likely to have low zinc levels than normal birth weight term infants. Determining the zinc levels of neonates and how it relates to birth weight is, therefore, imperative. Materials and Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional, carried out at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Nigeria. It aimed at determining the umbilical cord serum zinc levels among neonates and their relationship with birth weight. Two hundred and seventy-five neonates of gestational age 28–42 weeks were enrolled into the study. The weight of each neonate was measured using a weighing scale. Serum zinc levels were determined using the Flame Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS model no. FS 240 AA. USA, Agilent Technology Ltd). Results: Of the 275 neonates, 27 (9.82%) were very preterm, 28 (10.18%) were moderate to late preterm, and 220 (80%) were term neonates. The mean serum zinc level of all neonates was 87 ± 16.07 μg/dL and this was within the normal limit of serum zinc. The mean serum zinc levels of the neonates increased as their weight increased ( r = 0.701, P < 0.001). Females had higher mean cord serum zinc (90.71 ± 16.06 μg/dL) than males (84.57 ± 15.54 μg/dL, P = 0.001). This study revealed that serum zinc level was positively and strongly correlated with the weight of the neonate at birth. It was also noted that female neonates had a significantly higher mean serum zinc level than males. Routine zinc supplementation at birth should be considered in low birth weight neonates to avoid the untoward effects of zinc deficiency. Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between serum zinc and birth weight, with serum zinc increasing with gestational age and birth weight. Females had a significantly higher level of serum zinc than male neonates
ChemInform Abstract: X‐Ray Crystallographic Analysis of Phosphono Sugar and a Novel Preparation of Phosphono Sugar Nucleoside Derivatives.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) Operate by Different Mechanisms to Modulate Hepatic Steatosis and Hyperinsulemia in fa/fa Zucker Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Hepatic steatosis, an early stage of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, is commonly present in obesity and type 2 diabetes, and is associated with reduced hepatic omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n3-PUFA) status that impacts on the anti-inflammatory and insulin sensitizing functions of n3-PUFA. Our objective was to directly compare plant- and marine-based n3-PUFA (α-linoleic acid (ALA)), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) for their effects on hepatic steatosis, markers of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, and insulinemia in obese rats. Fa/fa Zucker rats were provided diets containing ALA, EPA, DHA, or linoleic acid (LA, n6-PUFA) for eight weeks and compared to baseline fa/fa rats and lean Zucker rats fed LA-rich diet for eight weeks. Both DHA and EPA groups had liver lipid similar to baseline, however, DHA was more effective than EPA for reducing hepatic fatty acid synthase (FAS), increasing the proportion of smaller lipid droplets, reversing early fibrotic damage, and reducing fasting hyperinsulinemia. EPA was more effective for reducing FoxO1. Dietary ALA did not attenuate hepatic steatosis, most inflammatory markers or FAS. In summary, amongst the n3-PUFA, DHA was the most effective for elevating hepatic DHA levels, and preventing progression of hepatic steatosis via reductions in FAS and a marker of fibrosis.