jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Urban Marvell

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

After his return to London from his Continental travels in the 1640s, Andrew Marvell comported himself as an avowed Londoner, deeply focused on politics, diplomacy, and the hurly-burly of everyday life in the capital. Indeed, life in the capital powerfully shaped his literary expression. The booming coffee-house culture informed his approach to raillery and animadversion. Popular Restoration plays inspired his controversialist prose. And specific sensational events, news items, or public works occasioned much of his satirical verse. Through layers of allusion and resonance arising from these various contexts, Marvell’s later writings provide an impressionistic portrayal of urban London, the vibrancy of which animated Marvell’s imagination during the last eighteen years of his life.
Evaluation of management options for increasing the productivity of tropical savanna pastures. 3. Trees

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effect of killing trees upon the production and quality of native perennial grasses, Themeda triandra, Chrysopogon fallax, Sehima nervosum, and Sorghum plumosum, and oversown legumes from the genus Stylosanthes, was studied over 4 years at Katherine, in the semi-arid tropics of northwestern Australia. The pastures were either unfertilised or received low inputs of superphosphate, and for each fertility level were grazed at 3 stocking rates. At no time were legume yields affected by killing the trees but, in the first 3 years, the amount of grass was approximately twice as much when the trees were killed. During this period the mean grass yields declined 4-5 fold from about 2.2 t/ha. By the fourth year the advantage from tree killing upon grass yield was apparent only at the lowest stocking rates at each fertility level. Nitrogen concentrations of the grasses and legumes, with the exception of S. hamata, were increased 7 and 10% respectively above the mean annual values of 0.89 and 1.75% where the trees were killed, while the phosphorus and sulfur concentrations were not affected. Tree killing had no effect upon wet season liveweight gains during the last 2 years of the experiment. However, there were some benefits during the dry season when weight losses were lower for most treatments during the early dry season (June-September) and also lower for the lowest stocking rate treatment without fertiliser during the late dry season (October-November).
Role of Chitosan Nanoparticles loaded with Pomegranate Peels Extract on High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Introduction: Obesity is a chronic disease that is widespread throughout the world. Pomegranate is a fruit that has proven to provide beneficial health effects due to its high nutritional content and bioactive antioxidants. The current study aims to investigate the effect of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with pomegranate peel extract (PPE-CSNPs) on high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity in male rats. Methods: Obesity was induced by feeding a high-fat diet for 4 weeks. Thirty rats were assigned into five main groups (6 rats/group) as follows: control (dist. water, orally), HFD control (dist. water, orally), HFD + pomegranate peel extract (PPE) (500 mg/kg, orally), HFD + chitosan-NP (60 mg/kg, orally), and HFD + PPE-CSNPs (60 mg/kg, orally). Results: The treatment of PPE-CSNPs decreased body weight, glucose, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, urea, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide, while high density lipoprotein- cholesterol, glutathione reduced and catalase levels increased. The histological examination revealed a significant enhancement in the structures of the liver and kidneys. Discussion: The antioxidant and hypolipidemic activities of PPE-CS surpassed those of PPE or CS individually, confirming the synergistic effect in obesity. conclusion: The combination of pomegranate extract with chitosan in the form nanoparticles enhances their hypolipidemic efficacy in the treatment of obese rats. Conclusion: The combination of pomegranate extract with chitosan in the form of nanoparticles enhances their hypolipidemic efficacy in the treatment of obese rats. PPE-CSNPs are promising nanonatural products that could be used in obesity management.
Survival and Resistance in the Academy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In this chapter, women of color (WOC) faculty at a predominantly White university reflect on their experiences resisting and surviving White supremacy within social work education. Segments of dialogue and other nontraditional forms of writing are included to honor their own multiple ways of knowing and being, as they describe practices of relationship and community care as activism. The authors posit that their existence, survival, and voices in the spaces of social work academia are in and of themselves acts of resistance that disrupt White supremacy and challenge dominant culture norms. A central theme that WOC are made into “monsters” in the academy emphasizes the otherness the authors have each experienced, as well as the ways they are learning to thrive within the spaces of monstrosity. The goal of the chapter is to honor the authors’ and others’ experiences, and to amplify strategies of resistance and survivance that they practice as WOC scholars and educators.
Aspects of the ecology of mat-forming lichens

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Lichen species in the genera Cladonia (subgenus Cladina), Cetraria, Stereocaulon and Alectoria are important vegetation components on well-drained terrain and on elevated micro-sites in peatlands in boreal-Arctic regions. These lichens often form closed mats, the component thalli in which grow vertically upwards at the apices and die off in the older basal regions; they are therefore only loosely attached to the underlying soil. This growth habit is relatively unusual in lichens being found in &lt;0.5% of known species. It might facilitate internal nutrienr recycling and higher growth rates and, together with the production of allelochemicals, it might underlie the considerable ecological success of mat-forming lichens; experiments to critically assess the importance of these processes are required. Mat-forming lichens can constitute in excess of 60% of the winter food intake of caribou and reindeer. Accordingly there is a pressing need for data on lichen growth rates, measured as mass increment, in order to help determine the carrying capacity of winter ranges for rhese herbivores and to better predict recovery rates following grazing. Trampling during the snow-free season fragments lichen thalli; mat-forming lichens regenerate very successfully from thallus fragments provided trampling does nor re-occur. Frequent recurrence of trampling creates disturbed habitats from which lichens will rapidly become eliminated consistent with J.P. Grime's CSR strategy theory. Such damage to lichen ground cover has occurred where reindeer or caribou are unable to migrate away from their winter range such as on small islands or where political boundaries have been fenced; it can also occur on summer range that contains a significant lichen component and on winter range where numbers of migrarory animals become excessive. Species of Stereocaulon, and other genera that contain cyanobacteria (most notably Peltigera and Nephroma), are among the principal agents of nitrogen fixation in boreal-arctic regions. Stereocaulon-dominated subarctic woodlands provide excellent model systems in which to investigate the role of lichens in nitrogen cycling. Mat-forming lichens are sensitive indicators of atmospheric deposition partly because they occur in open situations in which they intercept precipitation and particulates directly with minimal modification by vascular plant overstoreys. Data from both the UK and northern Russia are presented to illustrate geographical relationships between lichen chemistry and atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and acidity. The ecology of mat-fotming lichens remains under-researched and good opportunities exist for making significant contributions to this field including areas that relate directly to the management of arctic ungulates.
Study 3 - new manipulation

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Why people give to others at a cost to themselves is a question that has continuously sparked research interest in behavioral economics and psychology. Some theories specifically address the role of emotions in swaying people to help others. Warm-glow giving is an economic theory addressing the joy of doing good things for others (Andreoni, 1989, 1990). The theory argues that actors derive utility (selfish pleasure) from the act of giving itself. Therein, warm glow is discussed to be one driver of whether people will choose to benefit others. A competing account suggests that people are driven to benefit others by the desire to avoid guilt (Charness & Dufwenberg, 2006), i.e., negative affect when costing others their potential benefits. Therein, guilt-aversion is argued to be another driver of whether people will choose to benefit others. In this pilot study, we test the effectiveness of a manipulation method, scrambled sentences task together with priming visuals. The aim is to manipulate participants' feelings and donation behavior by giving them sentences and a visual representing good and bad aspects of giving and keeping money. We plan to compare the effectiveness of two different manipulation methods in two pilot studies to decide on the method used in the main study. A version of this manipulation is meant to be used in a subsequent experiment using thermal imaging. Andreoni, J. (1989). Giving with impure altruism: Applications to charity and Ricardian equivalence. The Journal of Political Economy, 97(6), 1447–1458. Andreoni, J. (1990). Impure Altruism and Donations to Public Goods: A Theory of Warm-Glow Giving. The Economic Journal, 100(401), 464–477. Charness, G., & Dufwenberg, M. (2006). Promises and Partnership. Econometrica, 74(6), 1579–1601.
Aflatoxin M1 binding by lactic acid bacteria in milk

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This research focused on biocontrol solution to increase food safety through studying lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which can bind aflatoxins in milk. Aflatoxins are toxic contaminants found in feeds and foods. In milk aflatoxin is found in metabolised form, aflatoxin M 1 (AFM 1 ). Three indigenous LAB Lactobacillus strains and one Lactococcus strain isolated from Kenyan spontaneously fermented foods were tested for their AFM 1 binding abilities in different conditions and after different treatments along with two reference Lactobacillus strains. Binding of AFM 1 in different concentrations was examined with unconcentrated, concentrated, heat treated and concentrated heat-treated LAB cultures. Observed binding of AFM 1 by LAB varied between 11 to 100%, being approximately at the level of 40% throughout the analysis sets. The results of this study suggest that the aflatoxin binding ability by LAB strain is not strongly strain specific and depends on many external and condition variables. Also, the methods used in determination of aflatoxin binding warrant critical evaluation.
PLANT TRAITS AND ECOSYSTEM GRAZING EFFECTS: COMPARISON OF U.S. SAGEBRUSH STEPPE AND PATAGONIAN STEPPE

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant functional traits provide one tool for predicting the effects of grazing on different ecosystems. To test this approach, we compared plant traits and grazing response across analogous climatic gradients in sagebrush steppe, USA (SGBR), known to have a short evolutionary history of grazing, and Patagonian steppe, Argentina (PAT), where generalist herbivores exerted stronger selective pressures. We measured grazing response by sampling vegetation and soils across distance‐from‐water gradients at arid, semiarid, and subhumid study areas in both regions. Based on a previous analysis of graminoid traits, we predicted that: (1) high forage quality in all three SGBR communities would lead to high utilization and large grazing effects, whereas low quality in arid PAT would constrain utilization and grazing impacts, with semiarid and subhumid PAT intermediate in quality and grazing response; and (2) grazing in arid PAT would cause shifts in relative abundance within the graminoid functional group, due to the large range of forage quality among graminoids, but in SGBR, where all graminoids are relatively palatable, shifts in abundance would occur between grasses and shrubs. Utilization in locations close to water was higher in SGBR than in PAT study areas. This utilization difference led to differences in grazing effects consistent with our first prediction. Abundance of graminoids increased with distance from water in all three SGBR communities and in subhumid PAT, but not in arid PAT. Shrub and total production decreased with distance in SGBR but not PAT study areas. Grazing variables explained less variation in species composition in arid PAT (43%) than in any other study area (59–74%). Grazing did not significantly influence species richness. Evidence for our second prediction was mixed. Grazing did alter the relative abundance of SGBR graminoids and shrubs, but abundance shifts among the graminoids in SGBR communities were larger than in PAT communities, counter to our prediction. This case study demonstrates how plant traits can explain relative effects of grazing on ecosystem structure and functioning, although predicting species‐specific responses remains a challenge. Regardless of their evolutionary origin, poor‐quality graminoids make the arid Patagonian steppe more resistant to overgrazing than communities dominated by more nutritious species.
Cancer Communication and Partner Burden: An Exploratory Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Cancer Communication and Partner Burden: An Exploratory Study Get access Maria K. Venetis, Maria K. Venetis 1Brian Lamb School of Communication, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kate Magsamen-Conrad, Kate Magsamen-Conrad 2Department of Communication, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Maria G. Checton, Maria G. Checton 3Department of Health Care Management, College of Saint Elizabeth, Morristown, NJ, 07960, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kathryn Greene Kathryn Greene 4Department of Communication, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Communication, Volume 64, Issue 1, February 2014, Pages 82–102, https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12069 Published: 25 November 2013
No Space of their Own: Young People and Social Control in Australia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Figures and tables Acknowledgements Abbreviations Introduction Part I. Youth Policy and the New Vocationalism: The Adolescent Generation and the State: 1. Young people and policy: priority one? 2. Skills, youth training and a reconstructed Australia 3. Back to school and minimalist education Part II. Youth Crime, Moral Panics and Public Order: Media Images, the 'Youth Problem' and Social Regulation: 4. Car theft and the crime of no space 5. Young people, law and the street 6. Youth services and the role of 'soft cops' 7. Conclusion: control, space and rebellion References Index.
Introduction to part V

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Ageing is institutionalised through administrative structures including pensions, the once legal retirement age and the medicalisation of old age. The theatre and performance practices within Performances of Age (UK) attend – with rigor, care and playful ambition – to the glorious human diversity concealed within the phrase, 'older people'. Two other key areas which bubble under more public discourse are how artists navigate their own age and ageing; and the cultural politics of older people as co-creators in this practice. The author attends to some recent projects and programmes of work to consider the cultural politics of this practice, particularly in relation to aspects of diversity and inclusion. The collection of chapters and interviews attends to a range of practices, reflecting both its imperative and ambition, and includes work based in a theatre building; work located in specific community contexts; and practices that engage with a range of public audiences e.g. touring, Lois Weaver and digital/films, The Lawnmowers.
Learning the Language of Insects—and How to Talk Back

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Learning the Language of Insects—and How to Talk Back Get access Thomas C. Baker Thomas C. Baker Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Entomologist, Volume 39, Issue 4, Winter 1993, Pages 212–220, https://doi.org/10.1093/ae/39.4.212 Published: 01 October 1993
Measuring work-role transitions: The cross-cultural experience of hotel expatriates in Malaysia

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The literature on expatriation highlighted many individuals and organisational factors that affect \nexpatriate adjustment. However, the roles of some individual and organisational factors are still not clear and have been ignored by past researchers. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the variations in expatriates’ work, general and interaction adjustment and to examine the relationship between work-role characteristics and expatriate adjustment in the hotel industry. The work-role characteristics; which are comprised of role novelty, role ambiguity and role conflict, are tested on the different dimensions of adjustment. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 323 respondents who were comprised of expatriates working in Malaysia’s hotel industry. The findings revealed a positive correlation between role novelty and work adjustment that indicated the impact of \nwork-role characteristics on adjustment dimensions. However, both role ambiguity and role conflict are negatively correlated with work adjustment. The findings from this study proved significant for the industry as it contributes towards new knowledge on expatriation in a multicultural society, especially the work adjustment of hotel expatriates. It would also help create awareness among hotel companies \non the importance of work characteristics in the process of adjustment. The findings also contributed to new empirical findings in regards to literature on expatriation and cross-cultural adjustment, which integrate the information on determinants of adjustment among hotel expatriates. Beside the findings, the discussions on limitations and suggestions for future research are also presented in the paper.
GEOGRAPHIC PROXIMITY AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN ADULT CHILD CAREGIVER: FAMILY SUPPORT AS A MODERATOR

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Geographic proximity between older adults and their caregivers is considered to be a challenge for primary caregivers. This study compared the depressive symptoms of coresidence, short-distance and long-distance caregivers, and examined whether family support could moderate in between geographic proximity and depressive symptoms. Data were derived from a survey of 572 adult child primary caregivers in China in 2013. Geographic proximity was constructed as a categorical variable including coresidence, less than 30-minute distance, more than 30-minute distance by usual means of transportation. Family support was assessed by MSPSS Scale. Depressive symptoms were measured by CES-D scale. Multiple regression analyses were conducted. Family support was more beneficial for long-distance caregivers. The mean differences in depressive symptoms between coresidence and long-distance caregivers, and between short-distance and long-distance caregivers were reduced as family support increased. Family support is proven to be a helpful way to lessen depressive symptoms for long-distance adult child caregivers.
Testimonial Wellness: The Case of Soha Béchara

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In September 2019, the former military commander of the notorious Khiam Detention camp in South Lebanon, Amer Fakhoury ‘Le Boucher de Khiam’, flew into Beirut following years of exile in the United States. While his arrival in Lebanon should have led to his immediate arrest, backdoor negotiations with the right-wing Free Patriotic Movement led by Gebran Bassil and the son-in-law of the President, Michel Aoun, had provided some cover of immunity and he was able to leave the airport. He was subsequently arrested, and at the time of writing he remains in detention. Raising many broader questions about how post-war Lebanon has and has not faced up to the aftermath of the years of civil conflict from 1975 to 1991, from amnesties to amnesia, this case can been seen as a contributing factor to the events which are currently playing out in the streets and squares of the country in the ongoing uprising against the endemic corruption across the political class. Former detainee Soha Béchara, known as ‘the flower of the South’, was swift to condemn the Fakhoury affair. Her voice is important, since what followed reignited debates about the detention centre, collaboration in South Lebanon, and how to make accountable the members of the Armée du Liban Sud (ALS) who ran the prison and policed the occupation on behalf of the Israeli state for twenty-two years. Many of the ALS’s members escaped to Israel or the United States and have never faced any consequences for their participation in the atrocity.
The Denial of Racism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Informed by discursive psychology, this study aimed to identify and explicate those rhetorical maneuvers that function to introduce the issue of race into conversations in the presence of an interracial couple (the first two authors) in the “new South Africa” and to negotiate “race talk” in their presence while distancing the speaker from inferences of racism. Over a period of 2 months, conversations of people with whom the first two authors came into contact were tape-recorded in a variety of social settings without their knowledge. The study revealed that humor, personal experience, and self-censorship were rhetorical maneuvers drawn on extensively in conversations about race. Two possible reasons for this are suggested. First, the conversations involved the interracial, heterosexual couple and other persons of different races, rather than only White speakers, as in many previous studies. Second, unlike previous studies, conversations occurred in naturalistic settings and not in contrived settings.