jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Safety and tolerability of fluvastatin XL in the treatment of hyper-cholesterolemia : a postmarketing surveillance conducted in Indonesia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fluvastatin XL 80 mg tablet has been marketed in Indonesia since December 2002. This post-marketing surveillance (PMS) was conducted between May 2004 and April 2005 involving 98 general physicians to observe the safety and tolerability of fluvastatin XL 80 mg once daily at bedtime for 8 weeks in the treatment of outpatients with hypercholesterolemia. The efficacy of the drug in lowering LDL-cholesterol and other lipid parameters was also observed in daily clinical practice in this PMS. A total of 740 patients were eligible for safety analyses. There were 32 patients (4.32%) with 39 adverse events that were considered related to fluvastatin XL therapy. The most common adverse reactions were dizziness (2.03%), nausea (1.22%), and myalgia (0.68%). No serious adverse event (SAE) was found in this PMS, and no patient discontinued due to adverse event. According to physician’s global evaluation, the safety and tolerability of treatment was good in 91.9% of patients. For efficacy analyses, only 566 patients were eligible. At week 8, fluvastatin XL caused decreases in LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels by 28.6%, 30.2% and 24.5%, respectively, and an increase in HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) by 14.3%. In 74 patients with baseline TG > 300 mg/dL, the decrease in TG was 38.1% and the increase in HDL-C was 18.1%. Reduction in LDL-C of > 40% occurred in 19.6% of the patients. In conclusion, treatment with fluvastatin XL 80 mg once daily for 8 weeks in this PMS was shown to be safe and well tolerated, and also effective in reducing LDL-C, TC and TG, and raising HDL-C in daily clinical practice. (Med J Indones 2008; 17:88-95)\n\nKeywords: post-marketing surveillance (PMS), fluvastatin XL, hypercholesterolemia
Distribution and abundance of Chubut Steamerducks: an endemic species to Central Patagonia, Argentina

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary We documented the breeding distribution and estimated abundance of Chubut Steamerducks Tachyres leucocephalus, a flightless waterbird endemic to a relatively small section of coastline in Patagonia, Argentina. The distribution of Chubut Steamerducks is restricted to approximately 700 km of coast. We counted 1,703 adult steamerducks at a subset of shorelines within their range and estimated 1,841 adults after correcting for visibility for shore-based surveys. To estimate adult densities in unsurveyed areas, we used two different methods of extrapolation, resulting in estimates of 1,587 and 1,832 adults. Combined with numbers from surveyed shorelines, the total breeding population size is estimated to be between 3,428 and 3,673 adults. In addition, we counted 1,899 juvenile steamerducks, which occur in irregular aggregations. The Interjurisdictional Marine Park in San Jorge Gulf contains about 46% of the entire population, which may provide some protection from disturbance and habitat destruction. However, oil pollution, other anthropogenic activities, and invasive species still pose potential threats to the population.
Hyperkalemia

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This glossary, a revision of the IUPAC “Glossary for Chemists of Terms Used in Toxicology” [Pure Appl. Chem.65, 2003 (1993)] incorporating new and redefined terms from the “Glossary of Terms Used in Toxicokinetics” [Pure Appl. Chem.76, 1033 (2004)], contains definitions and explanatory notes, if needed, for terms frequently used in the multidisciplinary field of toxicology. The glossary is compiled primarily for those scientists and others who now find themselves working in toxicology or requiring a knowledge of the subject, especially for hazard and risk assessment. Many medical terms are included because of their frequent occurrence in the toxicological literature. There are three annexes, one containing a list of abbreviations and acronyms used in toxicology, one containing a list of abbreviations and acronyms used by international bodies and by legislation relevant to toxicology and chemical safety, and one describing the classification of carcinogenicity according to the weight of evidence available.
Interactive Spatial Auditory Display of Graphical Data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

\nThis thesis describes a series of experiments designed to test auditory display techniques for interactive image sonification on a tablet computer. The aim of these experiments was to evaluate new sonic methods developed for finding graphical features on a tablet computer screen for both regular size, and extended (larger than physical screen size) displays. A series of tests were designed to evaluate the techniques, and determine the effectiveness of binaural information in a series of goal-oriented searching tasks. The results show that, by using the techniques developed, users can locate graphical features on regular and extended displays, using sound alone. Additionally, it was found that users could improve their search times when using auditory information to improve their ability to search extended displays.
History of Foreign Studies of Organophosphate Induced Delayed neuropathy

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Сertain organophosphates are highly toxic and can be used as chemical warfare agents. However, some classes of organic phosphorus compounds can cause so-called delayed neurotoxicity. Since the discovery of this phenomenon in 1899, extensive research has been conducted on delayed neurotoxicity caused by organophosphates. Mass poisoning of residents of the United States and Morocco in the last century demonstrated the high danger of substances that cause neurotoxicity, and gave a powerful impetus to research into this phenomenon. In addition to delayed effects, some phosphorus compounds potentiate the action of already known chemical warfare agents, increasing their toxicity by more than 10 times. Research in this direction is conducted under the auspices of the defense departments of the United States, Canada and the Netherlands. The wide distribution of phosphorus compounds in various industries and agriculture, the long hidden period and the irreversibility of lesions caused by neurotoxic organic phosphorus compounds, cause their potential threat to the security of the Russian Federation
Study design for microgravity human physiology experiments.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In some areas of research, such as microgravity life sciences, both the number of subjects and the opportunity for repeated observation under experimental conditions are limited. Small N study designs are appropriate for these situations since they require few subjects and few observations in the experimental condition. Small N studies compare treatment conditions separately for each subject so that between-subject variability does not obscure treatment effects. Multiple observations are collected for each individual in the baseline condition to ensure a stable reference point for comparison with the smaller number of observations collected under the experimental conditions. Individual differences can be overlooked in large N studies, but in small N studies the focus is on the individual, and differences observed between particular individuals can be suggestive of underlying causal processes. We present a step-by-step approach to designing and conducting a small N study.
Biopiracy: The Legal Perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A generation ago, there were no laws about what you can or canâ€™t take from nature. In many instances, a researcher could simply arrive at a field site, collect samples, and take them home. There was no applicable law. The researcher might obtain informal permission from a local community or landholder, as much for being on the land as for collecting. At most, the researcher might be required to obtain a permit to collect from national lands, like a fishing or hunting license. â€œTake-and-runâ€ describes the old approach to collecting, lately dubbed â€œbiopiracy.â€ The recorded history of international plant collecting missions goes back at least 3500 years when Egyptian rulers began bringing plants home after military expeditions. Other collecting trips followed: those of Charles Darwin in Galapagos, Commodore Perryâ€™s naval mission in Japan, Richard Schultes, and many others.
16th century french final schwa: from variation to diachrony, an OT modelling

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Slides of the presentation I gave at the Atelier de Phonologie of the SFL-lab. This is not a final publication, but a work in progress. I know there's a problem with one of the OT constraints: Max(σ) is a faithfulness constraint but its formulation (on slide 38) looks like a markedness constraint. I'll fix it in later publication. The slides are exactly as they were for the seminar. Citation should be like: Premat, Timothée, « 16th century French final schwa: From variation to diachrony, an OT modelling », talk at the Atelier de Phonologie of the SLF lab. (UMR 7023, Univ. Paris 8 & CNRS), hosted by Noam Faust, 17/03/2021.
"To Measure is All We Know": William Carlos Williams and the Science of Measurement

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract: Critics have routinely voiced their frustrations with William Carlos Williams's term 'measure'. But from the late 1930s onwards, he compared his idea of 'measure' to the science of measurement. This article suggests, firstly, that to fully appreciate Williams's measure, one must understand how the science of measurement frequently appeared in the vocabulary of a variety of contemporaneous critics of poetry. Secondly, by close reading Williams's long poem Paterson (1963), it suggests that by rejecting the term rhythm and reprising measure, Williams was attempting to define the knowledge practices proper to poetry in an era where to measure was to know.
Air-sea CO2 fluxes for surface pCO2 data products using standardised approach

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Fluxes calculated using standardised approach. \(F\text{CO}_2=K_0 \cdot K_w \cdot (p\text{CO}_2^\text{sea} - p\text{CO}_2^\text{atm})\ \cdot (1 - [ice])\) Where \(K_0\), \(p\text{CO}_2^\text{atm}\) and \(1 - [ice]\) are standardised and the same for each product. \(k_w\) is calculated for CCMPv2, JRA55 and ERA5 winds with each being scaled independently to 14-C bomb flux estimate of 16 cm/hr \(p\text{CO}_2^\text{sea}\) is filled using a temporally scaled version of the Landschützer et al. (2020) climatology. Flux units are in PgC / m2 / day
Offshore Geohazards Investigation - Can We Do Without?

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The E&P companies are experiencing challenges with offshore geohazards during their quest for<br>hydrocarbon resources. Offshore geohazards have a direct impact on safety and cost of drilling operations,<br>offshore facilities design installation and production.<br>Offshore geohazards are defined as natural and man-made seabed and sub-seabed features with<br>potential risk to cause damages to assets, environment, health and even loss of lives. Offshore geohazards are<br>grouped into three main categories that are namely: seabed hazards, shallow hazards up to 200m sub-seabed<br>and intermediate hazards up to 1000m sub-seabed.
FIGURE 1 in Description of a second species of Sarax Simon, 1892 (Amblypygi, Charinidae) from China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

FIGURE 1. Sarax yunnan sp. nov., habitat (A), living male (C, E) and female (B, D, F); B. female carrying juveniles (© A. Yiting Xu; B. Kun Yu; C–F. Yi Ni).
What are the most common first-trimester ultrasound findings in cases of Turner syndrome?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

First-trimester sonography is a feasible method to identify the most characteristic features of TS fenotype. When the first-trimester pattern of TS is considered, a highly thickened NT, FHR above the 95th percentile, abnormal ductus venosus velocimetry, fetal hydrops, and RDH should be specifically searched for.
New Competencies-Based Curriculum of Computing in General Basic Education Schools and its Testing in Latvia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As the economy in Latvia and the world develops, there is an increasing need for computer specialists, including in the information technology sector.That means that training of specialists for professional orientation must begin among schoolchildren in the lowest grades.The authors of this paper were involved in developing new computing education content in general basic education schools, also leading working groups to discuss computing studies from the 1 st to the 9 th grade (7-16 years old) and offering full methodological support for each class.The new computing content was supervised carefully as it was successfully tested in 150 pilot schools between 2015 and 2018.It will be introduced at all schools as of September 1, 2020.
Modelling variable loading through machine learning prediction model for an impact assessment concerning distribution networks

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In this thesis we will deal with the application of new machine learning technologies to an Irish power grid model. The project involves the collection, preparation, cleaning and employement of historical load data of 4000 Irish customers to train the SVR and RFR algorithms. The impact of forecasting associated with the application of two models to and example of Irish distribuition Network and the implementation on system losses, is analysed.
Commuting quantum transfer-matrix approach to intrinsic fermion system: Correlation length of a spinless fermion model

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The quantum transfer matrix (QTM) approach to integrable lattice Fermion systems is presented. As a simple case we treat the spinless Fermion model with repulsive interaction in critical regime. We derive a set of non-linear integral equations which characterize the free energy and the correlation length of $$ for arbitrary particle density at any finite temperatures. The correlation length is determined by solving the integral equations numerically. Especially in low temperature limit this result agrees with the prediction from conformal field theory (CFT) with high accuracy.
A revision of the genus Sindora (Fabaceae, Detarioideae) in Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sindora Miq. is a genus of large legume trees found mainly in tropical and subtropical forests from southern China, continental Southeast Asia, and West and Central Malesia. A revision of Sindora in Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore is presented with updated descriptions and distributions. The data are derived from a comprehensive study of herbarium specimens from Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore, together with field observations of individuals growing in natural populations in Singapore. Five species are recorded from Peninsular Malaysia. Four species are recorded from Singapore, all of which also occur in Peninsular Malaysia. Sindora velutina Baker, only recently recorded for Singapore but at the same time noted to be presumed nationally extinct, is reported here as rediscovered. Lectotypes of Sindora siamensis Teijsm. ex Miq. and Sindora velutina are designated here. A second step lectotype is designated for Sindora wallichii Benth. New global-level conservation assessments are proposed for Sindora echinocalyx Prain, Sindora siamensis and Sindora wallichii Benth., while provisional national-level conservation assessments for each species are also reported. Four species of Sindora in Peninsular Malaysia are reported as Least Concern both globally and within Peninsular Malaysia; Sindora siamensis is reported as Least Concern globally but is presumed Nationally Extinct in Peninsular Malaysia. In Singapore all four species of Sindora are reported as Critically Endangered.
Utilisation of health management information and its determinant factors among health professionals working at public health facilities in North Wollo Zone, Northeast Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective The study aimed to assess health management information utilisation and associated factors among health professionals working at public health facilities in North Wollo Zone, Northeast Ethiopia. Setting The study was conducted at public health facilities in the North Wollo Zone, Northeast Ethiopia. Participants A total of 664 (56.3% male and 43.7% female) health professionals participated in the study. All health professionals permanently working in North Wollo Zone were included in this study. However, health professionals who were not present during the data collection period by any means and who had less than 6 months of experience were not included in this study. Primary and secondary outcome measures The main outcome measure was health management information utilisation. Result About 58.4% (n=388) (95% CI: 54.4% to 62.0%) of the study participants use health management information. The multivariable logistic regression model indicated that participants who had managerial positions are more likely to use health management information with an adjusted OR (AOR) of 3.11 and 95% CI 1.84 to 5.24. Similarly, having a good motivation level (AOR=4.42 (95% CI: 2.82 to 6.93)), perceived good culture of health information (AOR=6.17 (95% CI: 3.35 to 11.36)), a standard set of indicators (AOR=4.11 (95% CI: 2.65 to 6.38)), having good governance of health information system (AOR=1.75 (95% CI:1.13 to 2.72)) and health management information system (HMIS) training (AOR=3.10 (95% CI: 1.89 to 5.07)) were the predictors positively associated with higher utilisation of health management information. Conclusion This study revealed that utilisation of health management information was still inadequate. Enhancing motivation, building a culture of information use, having standardised indicators, strengthening the governance of health information systems and comprehensive HMIS training were measures to be taken to improve utilisation of health management information in this study setting.
Clay spindle whorl, Alarcos, Ciudad Real

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"Clay spindle whorl from the site of Alarcos, Ciudad Real, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. Iron Age. In the collection of the Ciudad Real Museum. Catalog number DO000456. Processed in Reality Capture from 403 images. . Alarcos 87 sector IV, cuadrícula 18 Nº 1766. This work is part of the collaboration agreement signed in 2020 between the Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha and Global Digital Heritage for the digitization of the Cultural Heritage of Castilla-La Mancha region. We want to publicly thank the collaboration of the Museum of Ciudad Real, especially by its director José Ignacio de la Torre. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
New Parameter of Geoecological Protective Ability of Construction Articles

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

\nNew parameter of geoecological protective ability of construction materials and articles is suggested. Effect is based on the fact that any solid surface possess centers of adsorption. It is shown that Broensted basic surface centers are active in adsorption of heavy metal ions from water solutions and materials having such centers on their surface are able to remove heavy metal ions from water and thus to protect soil from contamination with such ions. For example, foam concrete with ability to adsorb heavy metal ions may be used to protect soil near railway tracks.\n
Immune Thrombocytopenia Associated to Low-Dose Alemtuzumab Therapy in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Single Retrospective Center Experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Abstract 4598 Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a common autoimmune complication in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), occurring in up to 5% of patients. The occurrence of alemtuzumab-associated ITP have been rarely reported in CLL and it has never been reported so far as a significant event complicating alemtuzumab treatment in clinical trials. Recently, a new distinctive form of secondary ITP occurring in 6 out of 215 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis treated with alemtuzumab in a randomized, controlled phase II trial has been reported (Cuker et al, Blood 2011). We investigated the incidence of ITP in a cohort of 64 consecutive patients treated with low-dose alemtuzumab for relapsed/refractory CLL from 2003 to 2010. Subcutaneous alemtuzumab was administered at the dose of 10 mg three times a week, up to 18 weeks. ITP was documented in 12/64 patients: in 3 patients (4.7%) ITP developed before alemtuzumab treatment and no relapses of the autoimmune disorder were observed during the treatment; in 9 patients (14.8%, with an incidence of 5.7 events/100 patient-year) ITP developed after alemtuzumab treatment. Median time to ITP from initial alemtuzumab exposure was 12 months (range 1–42 months). Concomitant hemolytic anemia (Evans syndrome) was observed in one patient. At ITP onset, median platelet counts were 11×109/L (range 3–70) and anti-platelet antibodies (Capture P® Method, ImmucorGamma, Norcross GA, USA) were found in 7 of the 8 patients tested. No patients showed severe or life-threatening bleeding. Three of nine patients who developed ITP after alemtuzumab therapy, experienced CLL progression requiring chemo-immunotherapy after 3, 4 and 13 months from ITP onset, respectively. One patient achieved a partial remission of CLL with ITP resolution, while the other two died of disease progression. In the remaining six cases, ITP was not associated with disease progression and was treated with corticosteroids and/or intravenous immunoglobulins. Five patients achieved normal platelet counts, while one patient did not respond. Low-dose alemtuzumab (theoretical cumulative dose 540 mg, equal to half of the classic cumulative dose and one-third of the individual dose) is an effective, safe and well tolerated treatment for CLL, as reported by several recent studies (Cortelezzi et al, Leukemia 2009; Brit J Haematol 2011). In our cohort of CLL patients treated with alemtuzumab, the incidence of ITP was 14.8% that is almost three times higher than previously reported in CLL. These data may indicate a role of T-lymphocyte dysregulation induced by alemtuzumab in the pathogenesis of ITP. Our data also suggested the importance of monitoring platelet counts during follow-up in patients treated with low-dose alemtuzumab for both haematological and non-haematological diseases. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
The Effects of Two Sharpening Methods on the Strength of a Periodontal Scaling Instrument

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

S everal different techniques exist for sharpening periodontal sealers each of which will yield a relatively sharp instrument; however, some techniques may decrease the strength of the instrument more rapidly than others. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of two different sharpening techniques on the strength of a periodontal sealer. Sixty McCall No. 13‐14 sealers (SCI‐DENT) were divided into groups of ten. Each group was reduced in size from 0 to 50% of a standard original size in increments of 10% by reducing the face of the instrument using an RX Honing Machine. A second set of 60 sealers was treated in a similar fashion by reducing the lateral surfaces of the instrument. Original angles and blade clearances were maintained on all instruments. Strength was measured by applying a force at a positive rake angle of 15° in an Instron Testing Machine with a head speed of 50 cm/min. There were no significant differences in strength from grinding on the face vs. the lateral surfaces of the sealer in contrast to the observations of other investigators. Moreover, a 10 to 20% reduction can be accomplished before a significant drop in strength is observed by sharpening either the side or face of the instrument.