jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Elliptic annular Josephson tunnel junctions in an external magnetic field: the statics

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We have investigated the static properties of one-dimensional planar Josephson tunnel junctions in the most general case of elliptic annuli. We have analyzed the dependence of the critical current in the presence of an external magnetic field applied either in the junction plane or in the perpendicular direction. We report a detailed study of both short and long elliptic annular junctions having different eccentricities. For junctions having a normalized perimeter less than one the threshold curves are derived and computed even in the case with one trapped Josephson vortex. For longer junctions a numerical analysis is carried out after the derivation of the appropriate Perturbed sine-Gordon Equation. For a given applied field we find that a number of different phase profiles exist which differ according to the number of fluxon-antifluxon pairs. We demonstrate that in samples made by specularly symmetric electrodes a transverse magnetic field is equivalent to an in-plane field applied in the direction of the current flow. Varying the ellipse eccentricity we reproduce all known results for linear and ring-shaped Josephson tunnel junctions. Experimental data on high-quality Nb/Al-AlOx/Nb elliptic annular junctions support the theoretical analysis provided self-field effects are taken into account.
Integrating wastewater reuse into water management schemes of Caribbean SIDS: A Trinidad and Tobago case study

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Integrating Wastewater Reuse (WWRU) into national Water Management Schemes (WMS) is crucial as Small Island Developing States (SIDS) attempt to cope with water resource constraints in a changing climate. In 2022, the Global Environment Facility Caribbean Regional Fund (GEF CReW+) on Wastewater Management, the Ministry of Public Utilities (MPU), Trinidad and Tobago and the Trinidad and Tobago Bureau of Standards (TTBS) spearheaded the development of a national voluntary standard for treated wastewater reuse focused on agricultural and landscaping uses. During the process, the MPU conducted a Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) and Willingness to Pay (WTP) assessment to inform the standard and subsequent implementation. Results indicated `good' knowledge on wastewater and WWRU (59.3%), however attitudes and practices were considered `poor'. Inferential Statistics performed on numerically coded survey response data revealed no statistically significant relation with the demographic factors assessed; 84.1% of respondents were willing to use treated wastewater with health concerns identified as the main barrier; 27.3% of respondents were willing to pay the same price as conventional water, while 31.2% were willing to pay 25 -50% less. This assessment can inform the implementation and pricing process and provide valuable insights to increase the uptake of WWRU in the region.
Uncertainty result of biotic index in analysing the water quality of Cikapundung river catchment area, Bandung

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The Biotic Index was developed in Western Countries in response to the need in water quality evaluation. This method analysis is based on the classification of aquatic macrobenthos as a bioindicator for clean and polluted water. The aim of this study is to compare the analysis of Cikapundung river using 6 different Biotic Indexes. BI Shannon-Weiner, Belgian Biological Index (BBI), Family Biotic Index (FBI), Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP), Biological Monitoring Working Party-Average Score Per Taxon (BMWP-ASPT), and A Scoring System for Macroinvertebrate in Australian River (A SIGNAL). Those analysis are compared with Physical Water Index (CPI) which is developed in Indonesia. The result shows that a decreasing water quality is detected upstream to downstream of Cikapundung River. However, based on the CPI analysis result, the BMWP-ASPT biotic index analysis is more comprehensive than other BI in explaining Cikapundung water quality.
Pacemaker Neurons for the Theta Rhythm and Their Synchronization in the Septohippocampal Reciprocal Loop

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Hippocampal theta (4–10 Hz) oscillation represents a well-known brain rhythm implicated in spatial cognition and memory processes. Its cellular mechanisms remain a matter of debate, and previous computational work has focused mostly on mechanisms intrinsic to the hippocampus. On the other hand, experimental data indicate that GABAergic cells in the medial septum play a pacemaker role for the theta rhythm. We have used biophysical modeling to address two major questions raised by the septal pacemaker hypothesis: what is the ion channel mechanism for the single-cell pacemaker behavior and how do these cells become synchronized? Our model predicts that theta oscillations of septal GABAergic cells depend critically on a low-threshold, slowly inactivating potassium current. Network simulations show that theta oscillations are not coherent in an isolated population of pacemaker cells. Robust synchronization emerges with the addition of a second GABAergic cell population. Such a reciprocally inhibitory circuit can be realized by the hippocampo-septal feedback loop.
Development of Benzoxazole Derivatives Targeting mTOR: A Promising Approach for Breast Cancer Therapy

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Clinical use of mTOR inhibitors in cancer treatment is well established due to the critical role of mTOR signaling in tumor progression. In this study, we report the structure‐based design and biological evaluation of a series of benzoxazole derivatives as potential mTOR inhibitors. Cytotoxicity studies using MTT assays showed that compounds B4, B11, B12, and B20 exhibited significant antiproliferative effects against breast cancer cell lines with IC₅₀ values between 4.96 and 9.82 µM. Colorimetric enzymatic assays further revealed that among these, only B12 and B20 effectively inhibited mTOR phosphorylation at Ser2448 in MCF‐7 cells. Additionally, both compounds modulated the expression of key apoptotic proteins, including Bax, caspase‐3, p53, and Bcl2. Molecular docking studies against the 4JT5 protein demonstrated binding affinities with docking scores ranging from −7.084 to −7.426 kcal/mol, comparable to the reference compound P2X (−7.309 kcal/mol). Molecular dynamics simulations over 150 ns confirmed the stability of B12 and B20 in the active site, with an average RMSD of 2.8 Å and 3.0 Å, respectively. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties of the synthesized compounds were evaluated in silico. Among them, B4, B11, B12, and B20 exhibited drug‐like characteristics and showed no undesirable toxic effects. These findings highlight the potential of B12 and B20 as lead compounds for the development of novel mTOR inhibitors in breast cancer therapy.
Designing new interface for non-cultural influence tourism mobile application

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The mobile tourism application is gaining its popularity in the tourism industry. \nInternationalization is also getting more important as it design to cater for users of all nations \nand cultures. Designing a usable yet universal interface mobile application for the tourism \nindustry is of the essential as many users are downloading travel related applications into their \nmobile devices. The aim of this study to design an international interface which was \ninvestigated on the users’ preference for the selected design elements based on the existing \ndesign interface that was culturally influenced. The focus design elements of this project will \nbe on colour, layout and navigation. The result from data collection process will be analysed \nusing the Friedman Test which gives the mean rank which were first collected using the \nSemantic Differential scale questionnaire. The analysed data suggest on the preference of \nusers on the three design elements. A prototype is developed based on the proposed \nguidelines.
Chemical Composition, Free Radicals and Pathogenic Microbes in the Extract Derived from Dictyota dichotoma: In Silico and In Vitro Approaches

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Marine algae are renowned for their health benefits due to the presence of functional bioactive compounds. In this context, this study aims to valorize the extract of a seaweed, Dictyota dichotoma (D. dichotoma), through phytochemical characterization using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), as well as in vitro and in silico evaluation of its biological activities (antioxidant and antimicrobial). Phytochemical characterization revealed that the ethanolic extract of Dictyota dichotoma (DdEx) is rich in phenolic compounds, with a total of 22 phycocompounds identified. Antioxidant activity, measured by various methods, showed an IC50 of 120 µg/mL for the DPPH assay, an EC50 of 120.53 µg/mL for the FRAP assay, and a total antioxidant power of 685.26 µg AAE/mg according to the phosphomolybdate (TAC) method. Evaluation of antibacterial activity showed a zone of inhibition diameter ranging from 11.93 to 22.58 mm, with the largest zone observed for the Escherichia coli (E. coli) strain. For antifungal activity, inhibition zone diameters ranged from 22.38 to 23.52 mm, with the largest recorded for the Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) strain. The in silico study identified tetragalloyl-glucose, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, and pentagalloyl-glucose as the most active compounds against NADPH oxidase, with docking scores of −7.723, −7.424, and −6.402 kcal/mol, respectively. Regarding antibacterial activity, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, and secoisolariciresinol demonstrated high affinity for E. coli beta-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase, with docking scores of −7.276, −6.811, and −6.594 kcal/mol, respectively. These in vitro and in silico evaluations showed that D. dichotoma extract possesses antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, due to its richness in bioactive compounds identified by HPLC.
Staffan Olofsson, The LXX Version. A Guide to the Translation Technique of the Septuagint (Coniectanea Biblica. Old Testament Series 30), VIII + 105 p. brosch. Stockholm (Almquist & Wiksell) 1990. SEK 122.– (ISBN 91–22–01392–X)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"Staffan Olofsson, The LXX Version. A Guide to the Translation Technique of the Septuagint (Coniectanea Biblica. Old Testament Series 30), VIII + 105 p. brosch. Stockholm (Almquist & Wiksell) 1990. SEK 122.– (ISBN 91–22–01392–X)" published on 22 Sep 1993 by Brill | Schöningh.
Quality of Mental Health Care for Children

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

From the *Department of Pediatrics, Psychiatry, and Public Health, Colleges of Medicine and Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus; and †Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio. Reprints: Kelly J. Kelleher, MD, MPH, Columbus Children's Research Institute, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205. E-mail: [email protected].
Faculty Opinions recommendation of A comprehensive structure-function map of the intracellular surface of the human C5a receptor. II. Elucidation of G protein specificity determinants.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: A comprehensive structure-function map of the intracellular surface of the human C5a receptor. II. Elucidation of G protein specificity determinants.
An external taxonomic character suitable for separating live Myotis ikonnikovi and M. mystacinus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) It is particularly difficult to distinguish between M. ikonnikovi and M. mystacinus based on external taxonomic characters because of their extreme similarities in morphology. Although they may be distinguished easily based on their skulls, it is not permitted to take specimens for identification because M. ikonnikovi is classified as threatened and endangered and M. mystacinus is classified as threatened and vulnerable, by Japan's Ministry of the Environment. The authors describe an entirely new method of identifying live individuals based on an external character, in particular the pattern of the blood vessels visible in the tail membrane: in M. ikonnikovi the main blood vessel forms a 'Dog-leg type', whereas in M. mystacinus it forms a 'Straight type'.
Diagnostic Reasoning

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Letters15 May 2018Diagnostic ReasoningLiliana Grigorita, MD, Andreea Stan, MD, and Boban Thomas, MDLiliana Grigorita, MDOur Lady's Hospital, Navan, Ireland (L.G., A.S., B.T.)Search for more papers by this author, Andreea Stan, MDOur Lady's Hospital, Navan, Ireland (L.G., A.S., B.T.)Search for more papers by this author, and Boban Thomas, MDOur Lady's Hospital, Navan, Ireland (L.G., A.S., B.T.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/L18-0009 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Simpkin and colleagues' (1) timely commentary on diagnostic reasoning reminds us of T.S. Eliot's poem “The Rock,” which asks, “Where is the wisdom we have lost in knowledge? Where is the knowledge we have lost in information?” The data, information, knowledge, and wisdom model in information science hypothesizes the gradual transformation from raw data toward wisdom, interspersed with information and knowledge.The organization of raw data after a considerable amount of noise has been taken out is what creates information (2). Most undergraduate medical education still revolves around the acquisition of information and its retrieval. Knowledge is ...References1. Simpkin AL, Vyas JM, Armstrong KA. Diagnostic reasoning: an endangered competency in internal medicine training. Ann Intern Med. 2017;167:507-8. [PMID: 28892818]. doi:10.7326/M17-0163 LinkGoogle Scholar2. Rowley J. The wisdom hierarchy: the representations of the DIKW hierarchy. Journal of Information Science. 2007;33:163-80. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. Trimble M, Hamilton P. The thinking doctor: clinical decision making in contemporary medicine. Clin Med (Lond). 2016;16:343-6. [PMID: 27481378] doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.16-4-343 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Kanzaria HK, Hoffman JR, Probst MA, Caloyeras JP, Berry SH, Brook RH. Emergency physician perceptions of medically unnecessary advanced diagnostic imaging. Acad Emerg Med. 2015;22:390-8. [PMID: 25807868] doi:10.1111/acem.12625 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Our Lady's Hospital, Navan, Ireland (L.G., A.S., B.T.)Disclosures: Authors have disclosed no conflicts of interest. Forms can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=L18-0009. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoDiagnostic Reasoning: An Endangered Competency in Internal Medicine Training Arabella L. Simpkin , Jatin M. Vyas , and Katrina A. Armstrong Diagnostic Reasoning David M. Mitchell Diagnostic Reasoning Paul F. Griner Diagnostic Reasoning Arabella L. Simpkin , Jatin M. Vyas , and Katrina A. Armstrong Metrics 15 May 2018Volume 168, Issue 10Page: 751KeywordsAerobic exerciseArchivesConflicts of interestDietDisclosureFearInformation retrievalMedical educationReasoningSleep ePublished: 15 May 2018 Issue Published: 15 May 2018 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2018 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Common Structure Dimensions of the American College Testing Program Academic Test and the California Psychological Inventory

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Factor and canonical correlation analyses were used to investigate possible relationships between achievement and personality variables. Data were obtained from the American College Testing Program Academic Test and the California Psychological Inventory profiles of 125 university students. The analyses indicated two common dimensions underlying the two sets of data. The first dimension included potential for achievement and positive interpersonal and intrapersonal characteristics. The second dimension included low interest in science, high verbal ability, and interpersonal warmth.
The role of breath holding at the initial stage of teaching children with mental disorders swimming

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Swimming is a vital skill, teaching which starts from the ability to hold breath during diving.The ability to hold breath demonstrates reserve capacities of an organism: the less the time of breath holding is, the worse is a person's health state.That is why for children, who have mental disorders, breath holding is a difficult task.Most children, who have health disorders, just can't hold their breath that is why it is a real problem to teach them swimming.Materials.The article is dedicated to the question of teaching children with mental disorders breath holding, as the main component of teaching swimming at the initial stage.Methods.Scientific literature analysis and summarizing, experiment, Stange's test, methods of mathematical statistics.Results.Trainers use exercise on land and in water, in order to teach breath holding.The presented results concern breath holding among children with mental disorders at the beginning and at the end of the experiment.They prove the necessity to realize a directed breath holding skill formation at the initial stage of teaching swimming.Conclusion.In order to teach children with mental disorders swimming it is necessary to use special exercises, directed toward the skill of breath holding formation under water and on land.
A comparison of ATP-degrading enzyme activities in rat incisor odontoblasts.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In active odontoblasts from the rat incisor, used as a model system for biologic calcification, two distinguishable enzyme activities capable of degrading adenosine monophosphate (ATP) exist. Once can be inhibited ny 1-tetramisole, (+/-)-2,3,5,6,-tetrahydro-6-phenylimidazo (2.1B) THIAZOLE HYDROCHLORIDE (Levamisol) and (+/-)-6(m-bromophenyl)-5.6-dehydroimidazo (2.1-b) thiazole oxalate (R823) and is probably identical with nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1). The activity of the other enzyme, named Ca2+-ATPase, is dependent on the presence of Ca2+ or Mg2+ and is activated by these ions. The pH optimum of Ca2+-ATPase is 9.8. The Ca2+-ATPase is unaffected by Levamisole, R 8231, ouabain, ruthenium red, Na+ and K+ ions. Maximal activity was found against ATP, whereas adenosine diphosphate, guanosine triphosphate, inosine triphosphate and adensoine monophosphate were hydrolysed at lower rate. It may be speculated that the Ca2+-ATPase is concerned with the transmembranous transport of Ca2+ ions to the mineralization front.
Gated blood pool scintigraphy as a tool for non-invasive measurements of left ventricular function.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Gated Blood Pool Scintigraphy (GBPS), i.e. the noninvasive evaluation of ventricular performance following the administration of radionuclides as intravascular tracers has had a major impact on many aspects of cardiology and has proven its clinical value and reliability in the past years. Today it is an accepted method in clinical practice, permitting the assessment of both global and regional cardiac function. The most important parameters derived from GBPS volume curves for the determination of left ventricular global function are ejection fraction (EF) at rest and under exercise and peak filling rate of the left ventricle at rest. In addition, GBPS permits the assessment of regional left ventricular function by determining regional EF and phase shifts. Echocardiography is no true alternative to GBPS due to frequent problems in quantitative evaluation and unpredictable errors in patients with non-uniform heart geometry or dyskinetic left ventricles. Thus, GBPS is not only useful in a wide variety of clinical settings, but has become an accepted tool in the methodological approach for non-invasive evaluation of new drugs and sequential drug therapy monitoring. This application of GBPS can be particularly recommended for the investigation of two different problems: a) exclusion of adverse drug effects on left ventricular performance in the process of drug safety evaluation, and b) demonstration of hemodynamic effects of new drugs particularly after long-term medication. GBPS provides valuable information as to the type, onset and duration of hemodynamic changes, permitting the determination of regional changes in myocardial function as well as its global evaluation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Impact of Concurrent Engineering in Modern Product Development

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

By combining several disciplines at once, concurrent engineering, or CE, has become a vital strategy for improving product development processes. This paper explores the principles, benefits, and challenges of applying Concurrent Engineering in various industrial settings. Through a detailed case study analysis, the research highlights how CE facilitates shorter development cycles, improved product quality, and cost reduction, ultimately leading to increased competitiveness. The study also delves into the role of digital tools, cross-functional teams, and collaborative platforms in supporting CE implementation. The findings emphasize the importance of early-stage collaboration between design, manufacturing, and other departments, fostering a more synchronized and efficient workflow. Finally, the paper provides recommendations for companies seeking to adopt or optimize CE practices in their product development strategies.
Impact of MCMs on system performance optimization

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Presents a performance model for the University of Michigan MCM (multichip module)-based GaAs microcomputer. The model takes into account architectural as well as MCM packaging considerations such as the chip-to-substrate bonding method, the dielectric constant of the insulator, and the resistivity of the metal conductor. The authors illustrate the use of the model by finding the I-cache size which maximizes the MIPS (millions of instructions per second) rating for given MCM technology parameters.< >
Can performance appraisals motivate employees to improve performance? A Mexican study

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In this study of Mexican employees, we examined the relationship between performance appraisal characteristics (appraisal source, appraisal purpose and feedback richness) and perceived reactions of employees to the appraisal characteristics (perceived fairness and perceived accuracy of appraisals) and appraisal outcomes (appraisal satisfaction and motivation to improve). We hypothesized that multisource appraisals, appraisals used for administrative and developmental appraisals (multipurpose appraisals) and appraisals that have a high degree of feedback richness would lead to more perceived accuracy and perceived fairness of appraisals. We further hypothesized that higher levels of perceived fairness and accuracy would lead to higher levels of employee appraisal satisfaction and motivation to improve performance in the future. Results based on a survey of Mexican employees provide support for most of the hypothesized relationships. We discuss implications of the findings for research and practice of performance appraisals in the Mexican context.