jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Conceptual Design of the LHC Beam Dumping Protection Elements TCDS and TCDQ

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Beam Dumping System for the Large Hadron Collider, presently under construction at CERN, consists, per ring, of a set of horizontally deflecting extraction kicker magnets, vertically deflecting steel septa, dilution kickers and finally, a couple of hundred metres further downstream, an absorber block. A fixed diluter (TCDS) will protect the septa in the event of a beam dump that is not synchronised with the particle free gap or a spontaneous firing of the extraction kickers which will cause the beam to sweep over the septum. Another, mobile, diluter block (TCDQ) will protect the superconducting quadrupole immediate downstream of the extraction as well as the arc at injection energy and the triplet aperture at top energy from bunches with small impact parameters. This paper describes the conceptual design of the protection elements.
Anti-Toxoplasma Activity of Tellurium Oxide (TeO2) Nanoparticle on Toxoplasma gondii In vitro

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite in humans and many warm-blooded animals worldwide. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the different antiparasitic effects of tellurium oxide (TeO2) nanoparticles against T. gondii. Methods: In this study, we used tachyzoite assay (ocular counting test) to determine the lethal effect of tellurium nanoparticles on parasites. Toxic effects of nanoparticles on macrophages were also evaluated using MTT assay. The type of parasitic cell death (necrosis or apoptosis) was determined by flow cytometric analysis. Results: According to the examination of the parasites by light microscopy, TeO2 nanoparticles had destructive and lethal effects on T. gondii. The results of the MTT assay showed that the toxic effects on macrophages were more significant at high concentrations (400 μg/mL). Flow cytometric analysis also estimated the percentage of apoptosis (primary and secondary) of the parasites at 56.97%. Conclusions: According to the findings, tellurium Oxide nanoparticles have a toxic effect on T. gondii and lead to apoptosis in this parasite. This research boosts different tests in another parasite.
Spatial variations in biological aspects of Hippocampus spp.in the Gulf of Thailand

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The incidental capture of seahorses by fishing trawlers along three different coastlines in the Gulf of Thailand was investigated from July to November, 2014. Two seahorse species, Hippocampus spinosissimus and H. trimaculatus, were commonly found during the surveys. Higher proportions of H. spinosissimus than H. trimaculatus were found in both the eastern and southern coasts, whereas H. trimaculatus were found in a higher proportion in the central coast. Biological parameters for both species, including their size, dry weight, and reproductive state were significantly different spatially, but the sex ratio was not different as a whole. The most prevalent size classes H. spinosissimus in the southern coast were larger than those in the eastern and central coasts. For H. trimaculatus, the most prevalent size classes in the central coast were the largest. The findings of this study provide the basic information for future fishery management in the Gulf of Thailand.
Is Singapore's G2C a success?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

We aimed to gain insights into the government’s Internet services, in process highlighting pertinent issues regarding delivery of public services online and distilling Singaporean perspectives on e-Government concepts. Through this study, we have identified the need for research and study into Singapore’s citizen initiative for online services and information delivery as these applications research into increasing aspects of a citizen’s life. Our research sought to determine the general state of Government to Citizen (G2C) in Singapore. Therefore, we carried out a survey to determine the perception and usage of e-Services. This is done through the findings from their frequency and duration usage, popularity of websites as well as the reason for usage. From our findings, CPF website was widely being used and usages of e-Services mainly depend on a need to use basis. The more frequent the access of G2C services, the higher the demand and expectation from the citizen. In order to clarify specific finding, we also conducted interviews with some e-Government experts in IDA.
Switching to aflibercept among patients with treatment-resistant neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Kimberly Spooner,1–3 Thomas Hong,1,2 Wijeyanthy Wijeyakumar,1–3 Andrew A Chang1–3 1Sydney Retina Clinic & Day Surgery, 2Sydney Institute of Vision Science, Sydney, 3Save Sight Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia Purpose: To systematically review anatomical and functional outcomes subsequent to switching from bevacizumab/ranibizumab to aflibercept monotherapy in patients with treatment-resistant neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Medline, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched up to July 2016 for available scientific literature which met inclusion criteria. Eligible studies reported visual and anatomical outcomes with at least 6 months of follow-up among patients with nAMD and persistent or resistant exudative fluid despite previous anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy (bevacizumab and/or ranibizumab) and were switched to aflibercept monotherapy. Mean changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) were pooled using random-effects models with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Of 82 papers reviewed, 28 studies met inclusion criteria of this review. Pooled results showed a small mean improvement in BCVA at 6 and 12 months following switching (1.11 letters, 95% CI -0.25 to 2.46, P=0.17 and 0.63 letters, 95% CI -0.26 to 1.52, P=0.17, respectively). There was a significant improvement in mean CRT following switching (-61.90 µm, 95% CI -77.10 to -46.80, P<0.001 and -50.00 µm, 95% CI -63.20 to -36.80, P<0.001 at 6 and 12 months, respectively). Conclusion: Pooled analysis demonstrated significantly improved anatomical outcomes; however, visual function remained stable, having a comparable effect to other anti-VEGF agents in preservation of vision. These patients had poorly responsive chronic disease with limited potential for visual recovery. Switching to aflibercept with frequent monitoring may be a suitable option for patients who have developed treatment resistance. Keywords: anti-vascular endothelial growth factor, macular degeneration, treatment resistance, meta-analysis, aflibercept
Dendritic Cells: An Exhausted Checkpoint in Chronic Viral Syndromes, Long Covid and Beyond

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are pivotal in bridging innate and adaptive immunity through antigen presentation and cytokine signaling. While T cell exhaustion has become a central paradigm in chronic infections and cancer, dendritic cell exhaustion remains under-recognized. In this article, I propose that DC exhaustion is a key perpetuating mechanism in chronic viral syndromes, including Long Covid. Drawing on classical immunology, recent findings in post-viral syndromes, and my own empirical research rooted in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), I propose a testable model: that Lingering Pathogenic Illnesses, as described in TCM, such as post-viral syndromes correlate mechanistically with exhausted antigen-presenting cell states. Through integration of immunological mechanisms and TCM clinical patterns, I argue that immune dysfunction in diseases like Long Covid must be addressed with DC restoration. This hypothesis has far-reaching implications for treatment, vaccine response, and immune resilience in the face of persistent viral threats and complex diseases.
Artificial intelligence-based imaging analytics and lung cancer diagnostics: Considerations for health system leaders

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in Canada, and accurate, early diagnosis are critical to improving clinical outcomes. Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based imaging analytics are a promising healthcare innovation that aim to improve the accuracy and efficiency of lung cancer diagnosis. Maximizing their clinical potential while mitigating their risks and limitations will require focused leadership informed by interdisciplinary expertise and system-wide insight. We convened a knowledge exchange workshop with diverse Saskatchewan health system leaders and stakeholders to explore issues surrounding the use of AI in diagnostic imaging for lung cancer, including implementation opportunities, challenges, and priorities. This technology is anticipated to improve patient outcomes, reduce unnecessary healthcare spending, and increase knowledge. However, health system leaders must also address the needs for robust data, financial investment, effective communication and collaboration between healthcare sectors, privacy and data protections, and continued interdisciplinary research to achieve this technology’s potential benefits.
Hard frost in Ireland

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Journal Article Hard frost in Ireland Get access Idonea Idonea Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s5-VI, Issue 145, 7 October 1876, Page 289, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s5-VI.145.289d Published: 07 October 1876
Antibacterial Potential of Nicotiana tabacum L. var Virginia Pyrolysis Extract Against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Tobacco plants are one of the main trade commodities in Indonesia. At present, the main production of tobacco is cigarettes. However, tobacco has active antibacterial compounds, such as phenols, alkaloids, and essential oils. Therefore, tobacco can be used in the health sector. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the pyrolysis extract of Nicotiana tabacum L. var Virginia in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus , Enterococcus faecalis , Escherichia coli , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . This study uses a true experimental research design with tobacco extract samples obtained by pyrolysis at concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. The antibacterial test carried out was the Kirby-Bauer diffusion method on Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) media. One-Way ANOVA test results with p < 0.05 indicate the effectiveness of tobacco pyrolysis extract in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus , Enterococcus faecalis , Escherichia coli , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The average yield of inhibition zones found in Staphylococcus aureus , Enterococcus faecalis , Escherichia coli , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 6.35 mm, 5.9 mm, 3.97 mm, and 5.025 mm. From these results, Staphylococcus aureus bacteria became the most sensitive bacteria with Virginia tobacco pyrolysis extract.
Additional file 9 of Performance of India’s national publicly funded health insurance scheme, Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogaya Yojana (PMJAY), in improving access and financial protection for hospital care: findings from household surveys in Chhattisgarh state

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Additional file 9. Probit Model for CHE10 – This file has two tables. Table S9.1 provides Probit Model for CHE10 with PMJAY-enrolment as a variable. Table S9.2 provides Probit Model for CHE10 with PFHI-enrolment as a variable.
Hartree-fock Methods Analysis Protonated Rhodochrosite Crystal and Potential in the Elimination of Cancer Cells Through Synchrotron Radiation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The rhodochrosite as crystal oscillator for being an alternative to those of quartz. The rhodochrosite (MnCO3) shows complete solid solution with siderite (FeCO3), and it may contain substantial amounts of Zn, Mg, Co, and Ca. There is no precedent in the literature on the treatment of tumor tissues by eliminating these affected tissues, using rhodocrosite crystals in tissue absorption and eliminating cancerous tissues by synchrotron radiation. The studies that are found are the research papers of this team. Through an unrestricted Hartree-Fock (UHF) computational simulation, Compact effective potentials (CEP), the infrared spectrum of the protonated rhodochrosite crystal, CH19Mn6O8, and the load distribution by the unit molecule by two widely used methods, Atomic Polar Tensor (APT) and Mulliken, were studied. The rhodochrosite crystal unit cell of structure CMn6O8, where the load distribution by the molecule was verified in the UHF CEP-4G (Effective core potential (ECP) minimal basis), UHF CEP-31G (ECP split valance) and UHF CEP-121G (ECP triple-split basis). The largest load variation in the APT and Mulliken methods were obtained in the CEP-121G basis set, with δ = 2.922 e δ = 2.650 u. a., respectively, being δAPT > δMulliken. The maximum absorbance peaks in the CEP-4G, CEP-31G and CEP-121G basis set are present at the frequencies 2172.23 cm-1, with a normalized intensity of 0.65; 2231.4 cm-1 and 0.454; and 2177.24 cm-1 and 1.0, respectively. An in-depth study is necessary to verify the absorption by the tumoral and non-tumoral tissues of rhodochrosite, before and after irradiating of synchrotron radiation using Small–Angle X–Ray Scattering (SAXS), Ultra–Small Angle X–Ray Scattering (USAXS), Fluctuation X–Ray Scattering (FXS), Wide–Angle X–Ray Scattering (WAXS), Grazing–Incidence Small–Angle X–Ray Scattering (GISAXS), Grazing–Incidence Wide–Angle X–Ray Scattering (GIWAXS), Small–Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS), Grazing–Incidence Small–Angle Neutron Scattering (GISANS), X–Ray Diffraction (XRD), Powder X–Ray Diffraction (PXRD), Wide–Angle X–Ray Diffraction (WAXD), Grazing– Incidence X–Ray Diffraction (GIXD) and Energy–Dispersive X–Ray Diffraction (EDXRD). Later studies could check the advantages and disadvantages of rhodochrosite in the treatment of cancer through synchrotron radiation, such as one oscillator crystal. Studying the sites of rhodocrosite action may lead to a better understanding of its absorption by healthy and/or tumor tissues, thus leading to a better application of synchrotron radiation to the tumors to eliminate them.
Localization of Caspr2 in Myelinated Nerves Depends on Axon–Glia Interactions and the Generation of Barriers along the Axon

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Cell recognition proteins of the contactin-associated protein (Caspr) family demarcate distinct domains along myelinated axons. Caspr is present at the paranodal junction formed between the axon and myelinating glial cells, whereas Caspr2 is localized and associates with K(+) channels at the adjacent juxtaparanodal region. Here we investigated the distribution of Caspr2 during development of peripheral nerves of normal and galactolipids-deficient [ceramide galactosyl transferase (CGT)-/-] mice. This mutant exhibits paranodal abnormalities, lacking all putative adhesion components of this junction, including Caspr, contactin, and neurofascin 155. In sciatic nerves of this mutant, Caspr2 was not found at the juxtaparanodal region but was concentrated instead at the paranodes with Kv1.2. Similar distribution of Caspr2 was found in the PNS of contactin knock-out mice, which also lack Caspr in their paranodes. During development of wild-type peripheral nerves, Caspr2 and Kv1.2 were initially detected at the paranodes before relocating to the adjacent juxtaparanodal region. This transition was not observed in CGT mice, where Caspr2 and Kv1.2 remained paranodal. Double labeling for Caspr and Caspr2 demonstrated that these two related proteins occupied mutually excluding domains along the axon and revealed the presence of both paranodal and internodal barrier-like structures that are delineated by Caspr. Finally, we found that the disruption of axon-glia contact in CGT-/- nerves also affects the localization of the cytoskeleton-associated protein 4.1B along the axon. Altogether, our results reveal a sequential appearance of members of the Caspr family at different domains along myelinated axons and suggest that the localization of Caspr2 may be controlled by the generation of Caspr-containing barriers along the axon.
Comparative Proteomics Unravels the Differences in Salt Stress Response of Own-Rooted and 110R-Grafted Thompson Seedless Grapevines

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Thompson Seedless, a commonly grown table grape variety, is sensitive to salinity when grown on its own roots, and therefore, it is frequently grafted onto salinity-tolerant wild grapevine rootstocks. Rising soil salinity is a growing concern in irrigated agricultural systems. The accumulation of salts near the root zone severely hampers plant growth, leading to a decrease in the productive lifespan of grapevine and causing heavy yield losses to the farmer. In the present study, we investigated the differences in response to salinity between own-rooted Thompson Seedless (TSOR) and 110R-grafted Thompson Seedless (TS110R) grapevines, wherein 110R is reported to be a salt-tolerant rootstock. The grapevines were subjected to salt stress by treating them with a 150 mM NaCl solution. The stress-induced changes in protein abundance were investigated using a label-free shotgun proteomics approach at three time-points viz. 6 h, 48 h, and 7 days of salt treatment. A total of 2793 proteins were identified, of which 246 were differentially abundant at various time-points in TSOR and TS110R vines. The abundance of proteins involved in several biological processes such as photosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, translation, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and generation of precursor metabolites was significantly affected by salt stress in both the vines but at different stages of stress. The results revealed that TSOR vines responded fervently to salt stress, while TS110R vines adopted a preventive approach. The findings of this study add to the knowledge of salinity response in woody and grafted plants and hence open the scope for further studies on salt stress-specific differences induced by grafting.
Findings and Emerging Themes

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Chapter 7 describes She findings and introduces the emerging core themes. The analysis begins to synthesize the findings with the background material highlighted in previous chapters. It includes data and analysis of the private and group interviews as well as the participants' input, corrections, comments, and suggestions upon the sharing of data and analysis transcripts. Finally, the chapter incorporates Richard Osrner's four tasks of practical theology with the emerging themes and wrestles with what they mean for religious education in the Korean American context as well as in the personal day-to-day lives of churched Korean American girls.
動的環境モデル管理技術の宇宙ロボットへの適用性検討　そのイ:近似モデル法

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This report is on the model manager in relation to space robotics, in which a space robot performs tasks in a changing environment. Besides the survey and concept study on the model manager, a simulated landscape was created and the measured data on the landscape were collected. Furthermore, the data have been processed to produce several different maps, such as a detailed map, an approximate local area map and a maneuverable area map. This study includes the following items: (1) study on the applicability of a model manager; (2) study on the performance of environment and landscape recognition techniques; (3) study on the model manager for dynamic environment; and (4) simulation to develop various maps for a lunar rover.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Reaction of an Enolate with Chiral α‐Halo Boronic Acid Esters.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Bernard of Clairvaux: the Man behind the Image

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article marks the ninth centenary of the birth of St. Bernard and offers a new reading of his character and the context in which he lived. While acknowledging the grounds for Bernard's apparent hard-nosed right-wing piety, the author also shows Bernard to be a sensitive reformer of the Church. In Bernard's subtle and passionate writings a thousand years of western tradition came alive.
Decentralization and public–private diplomacy in the business and human rights field

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This essay sheds light on the legal developments that have sidelined US courts with respect to achieving remedies for "foreign-cubed" business and human rights matters. ("Foreign-cubed" refers to situations in which a plaintiff from one country sues a defendant from another country in a US court for an act committed outside of US territory.) The essay contrasts the reality of ever-more robust cross-border protections for corporate property and shareholders' rights with the retention of a soft and ultimately voluntary approach to cross-border corporate responsibility. New external channels for corporate responsibility have emerged in response that are increasingly decentralized and untethered to national systems of corporate governance and can better contend with the state's embedded protectiveness of its domestic corporations active abroad.
Public relations role in rebranding campaigns : YMCA 2010 image overhaul case study

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study presents a comprehensive overview of the role of public relations in rebranding campaigns. A case study analysis of the 2010 Y-USA brand overhaul, compared with another high-profile branding campaign, provides evidence as to how organizations have utilized branding as it relates to organizational performance. In an effort to understand the intricacies of branding campaigns from a public relations perspective, this research works to identify aspects of effective and ineffective branding campaigns, explores the theoretical base upon which such campaigns are built and identifies the role of the organization’s publics.