jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Inhabiting Institutions: Critical Realist Refinements to Understanding Institutional Complexity and Change

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper builds on recent contributions to understanding conditions of institutional complexity by developing a theoretical framework to elaborate the interdependencies between actions, contexts and institutional logics. Our aim is to refine existing explanations of how actors inhabit complex institutional settings. Drawing on a critical realist ontology, we treat agency and structure as analytically distinct phenomena to advance our understanding of conditioned action. This is subject to relational analysis in order to explain the structural conditioning that shapes particular socio-historical contexts, the potential ‘action options’ contained within these contexts and the processes through which actors draw upon these. This reading of institutional reproduction and transformation allows us to reassess the ‘paradox of embedded agency’ by advancing understanding of the historically grounded and multilevel nature of structures and agency in institutional processes. Our approach offers conceptual refinements, a new sensitizing framework and methodological insights to guide studies of the ways actors inhabit complex institutional settings.
THE RELATIONSHIPS OF AN ENSEMBLE OF GUATEMALAN AND MEXICAN FROGS (ELEUTHERODACTYLUS: LEPTODACTYLIDAE: AMPHIBIA)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Eleutherodactylus daryi and E. greggi are shown to be species of the Eleutherodactylus gollmeri group which is defined on the basis of having a synapomorphy (fusion of sacrum and presacral vertebrae). Eleutherodactylus omiltemanus is a species of the rhodopis Series rather than thefitzingeri Series. The Eleutherodactylus omiltemanus group disappears because ali of its contained members are placed in other species groups. Eleutherodactylus saltator is a synonym of E. mexicanus. Eleutherodactylus rhodopis sensu lato contains two species, a larger upland E. rhodopis and the more widely distibuted lowland E. loki. The rhodopis Series, containing the rhodopis group, is not definable because no synapomorphies are apparent. Eleutherodactylus occidentalis and E. omiltemanus are assigned to this "group. " Within this "group " there is a cluster of species having black mesorchia (E. hobartsmithi, E. mexicanus, E. pygmaeus, and E. sarton), one having a shortened inner toe (E. jota and E. podiciferus), and one having conical subarticular tubercles (E. bransfordii, E. lauraster, E. loki, E. occidentalis, E. omiltemanus, E. rhodopis, and E. stejnegerianus). Sixty of the 84 essentially Mesoamerican species of the subgenus Craugastor are placed in a monophyletic subunit based on the common presence of marked sexual dimorphism in tympanum size. The subunit includes the nine species ofthe gollmeri group, the thirteen species of the rhodopis group, and 38 additional species (the three species of the biporcatus group, the eleven species of the milesi group, eight species of thefitzingeri group, 15 species of the rugulosus group, and E. uno). The 24 species of Craugastor not included in that clade are the 13 species of the alfredi group (including E. bocourti), the two species of the augusti group, the two species of the bufoniformis group, three species removed from thefitzingeri group (E. andi, E. cuaquero, and E. emcelae), and four species removed from the rugulosus group (E. anatipes, E. anomalus, E. cheiroplethus, and E. zygodactylus).
Cluster Analysis and Distribution of Recent Foraminifera, Araniar River Estuary, Tamil Nadu, India

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Both living and dead Foraminifera were collected from 15 sampling stations in the Araniar river estuary, along the east coast of India for a period of one year. The distribution of the species has been studied with respect to time and space. Based on the Q-mode cluster analysis of the foraminifera, three major biotopes have been recognised, one of which has been subdivided into three sub-biotopes, based on the change in the level of correlation.
Looking beyond appearances : the consumption of beauty products and its relation to Singaporean young women's identities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study draws upon the notion of “counter-gaze” to examine how the consumption of beauty products relates to the lived experiences of young women in Singapore through twenty in-depth interviews. It aims to enrich existing feminist studies on women's consumption of beauty products by illuminating the nuances in their consumption processes. This inquiry focuses on the meanings young women attach to their consumption of beauty products, their motivations and sociality of their consumption. Considering Singapore as a site hosting multiplicity of ethnicities and experiences globalization of cultural products, it will also explore beauty ideals that young women hold, and the desired outcomes they seek to achieve from their consumption processes. The findings are organized into three broad levels of analysis, namely the social-psychological level, the community level and the macro level influences contributing to their consumption practices.
Modeling of nonlinear biological phenomena modeled by S-systems using Bayesian method

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A biological dynamic pathway is usually modeled as a nonlinear system described by a set of nonlinear ODEs. A main challenge in modeling of biological systems is the estimation of the model parameters. In these cases, estimating these variables or parameters from other easily obtained measurements can be extremely useful. This paper addresses states and parameters estimation of biological phenomena modeled by S-systems using Bayesian approach. Nonlinear states and parameters estimation is a major issue in biology systems, since it represents a key step for achieving quantitative and qualitative information from dynamical and structured models of biology systems. Thus, we propose to use Particle Filtering (PF) to estimate nonlinear states and model parameters of the Cad System in E. coli (CSEC) in biology. For most nonlinear systems and non-Gaussian noise observations, closed-form analytic expression of the posterior distribution of the state is untractable. To overcome this drawback, a non-parametric particle filtering has recently gained popularity. Simulation analysis demonstrates that the Bayesian algorithm can well estimate the unknown model parameters under the disturbs of the noise, and it provides an efficient accuracies for the states estimation. Evaluation of the methods was performed by using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE).
Development and validation of scales to measure environmental responsibility, character development, and attitudes toward school

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This investigation examines the use of structural equation modeling (SEM) procedures to develop and validate scales to measure environmental responsibility, character development and leadership, and attitudes toward school for environmental education programs servicing middle school children. The scales represent outcomes commonly of interest to environmental education programs and also to after‐school and positive youth development activities. First, we developed the scales using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and then we used multi‐group longitudinal CFA to cross‐validate the model with data collected before participation in the environmental education program, immediately after the program, and three months later. The results support a three‐factor model, producing three scales that appear to be valid and reliable.
Microstructure Analysis of Dried Yogurt: Effect of Different Drying Methods

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Most food contains protein, fat, carbohydrate, and water, which form a food's microstructure. Processing methods, however, change the microscopic structure of the food material. This has a strong influence on final product properties, such as rheology, glass transition, moisture sorption, and so on. In this work, plain yogurt was selected as a model food to analyze microscopic structural changes after processing using different drying methods: air, vacuum, freeze, and microwave vacuum drying. Structural changes were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope and an X-ray diffraction pattern. Dried yogurt exhibits an amorphous type molecular structure in all four types of drying methods adopted. In addition, FTIR analysis showed no quantitative difference in their composition by adopting different drying methods. The moisture sorption characteristics of the dried yogurt were also studied. Sorption data were fitted into a GAB-model equation with a high correlation coefficient of 0.99.
Photoelectron spectra of hydrated electron clustersvs.cluster size: connecting to bulk

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Connecting cluster properties to bulk can result in new insights, both for the bulk and for clusters, and this is especially the case for the hydrated electron, e–(aq), and its cluster counterparts. In bulk, e–(aq) can be viewed as an anionic defect state of pure water, which is itself a large-band-gap semiconductor. Thus, when properly extrapolated to bulk, the properties of clusters must reflect important energetic properties of bulk water. Several of these have been extracted and are presented here. As for the nature of clusters themselves, the topic has now inspired spirited debate for over two decades. Here, we offer our perspective on these intriguing entities. Among several isomeric groups of and clusters, the one having the highest electron binding energies (herein called bulk embryonts) has been extrapolated to deduce the implied photoelectron spectrum of the bulk hydrated electron. The legitimacy of the lineshape fitting procedures used here is supported by the successful extrapolation of cluster absorption data to its known bulk benchmarks.
Joint Optimization of Collaborative Delivery Routes and Charging Station Locations for Electric Vehicles and Drones

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract

In the current context of achieving carbon neutrality, energy transition has become imperative. For the automotive sector, replacing traditional fuel-powered vehicles with electric vehicles (EVs) offers the most effective solution. In logistics, deploying EVs for delivery can significantly reduce costs. This paper proposes a novel model to address the problem of collaborative delivery using drones and electric vehicles based on a genetic algorithm (GA). Furthermore, it incorporates the siting of charging stations as part of the model. A new logic for the deployment and retrieval of drones is developed and implemented in the algorithm. Unlike previous models constrained by fixed charging requirements, this model enables EVs to proactively decide whether to recharge at charging stations when visiting specific customer nodes, ensuring that the remaining range of EVs never falls below zero within the mathematical framework.
SH3446563.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
mecCMRSA in Israel—genomic analysis, prevalence and global perspective

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background MRSA is a major global healthcare problem. In 2011, a new mec variant designated mecC was described, presenting partial identity at the DNA level, thus undetectable by routine mecA PCR. Objectives Until now, no reliable information regarding mecC MRSA prevalence was available in Israel. In this study, to the best of our knowledge, we describe the first case of mecC MRSA in Israel, with focus on genomic analysis and global context. Methods The mecC MRSA isolate was analysed by WGS with focus on phylogeny, global contextualization, virulence and resistance genes. The strain was characterized by antibiotic susceptibility testing, spa typing and presence of mecA/C and pvl genes. Results An MRSA strain (SA10610), isolated from a urine sample of an 83-year old patient, was found negative for the mecA and pvl genes. The MLST and spa type were ST130 and t1736, respectively. SA10610 presented resistance to oxacillin, penicillin and cefoxitin, and susceptibility to all non-β-lactam agents tested. Phylogenetic comparison with a global dataset of 586 mecC MRSA genomes revealed substantial genomic divergence. The nearest genomic relatives were human and animal isolates from Denmark. A screen of 12 761 S. aureus isolates collected during 2011–18 in Israel indicated this is the only mecC-positive strain. Conclusions A high degree of genetic variability was found between the SA10610 strain and previously sequenced mecC MRSA isolated worldwide. The genomic and phylogenetic analysis suggest that mecC MRSA isolates have evolved independently rather than from a common ancestor.
Tracer and mutual diffusivities in the system chloroform-carbon tetrachloride at 25.deg.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTracer and mutual diffusivities in the system chloroform-carbon tetrachloride at 25.deg.C. M. Kelly, G. B. Wirth, and D. K. AndersonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1971, 75, 21, 3293–3296Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100690a015https://doi.org/10.1021/j100690a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views68Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
4-(Trifluoromethyl)Pyridine

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

[3796-24-5] C6H4NF3 (147.10)

InChI = 1S/C6H4F3N/c7-6(8,9)5-1-3-10-4-2-5/h1-4H

InChIKey = IIYVNMXPYWIJBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N

(building block in heterocycle synthesis)

Physical Data: bp 107–110 °C; nD20 1.4147

Solubility: soluble in most organic solvents.

Form Supplied in: colorless liquid.

Analysis of Reagent Purity: GC, 1H NMR, 13C NMR.

Preparative Methods: while the reagent is commercially available, there are two methods of preparation that can be adapted to the laboratory setting and may be flexible in accommodating more complex substitution about the pyridine ring.

Addition of the allyl Grignard reagent to ethyl trifluoroacetate affords the tertiary alcohol 1. Ozonolysis and treatment with ammonia in methanol affords the title compound in 60% overall yield from ethyl trifluoroacetate (eq 1).1

(1)

Alternatively, treatment of 4-iodopyridine with trifluoromethylcopper (eq 2) affords the title compound. While a variety of methods for the generation of the copper reagent is known,2-5 the most convenient method would seem to involve treatment of (trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane with cuprous iodide and potassium fluoride.6 In the case of reaction 2, the isolated yield is 25%.

(2)

Purification: purification is carried out through either column chromatography or distillation.

Handling, Storage and Precautions: as with most pyridine derivatives, the material should be considered hygroscopic, malodorous, and air sensitive.
Layout Driven Data Communication Optimization for High Level Synthesis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

High level synthesis transformations play a major part in shaping the properties of the final circuit. However, most optimizations are performed without much knowledge of the final circuit layout. In this paper, we present a physically aware design flow for mapping high level application specifications to a synthesizable register transfer level hardware description. We study the problem of optimizing the data communication of the variables in the application specification. Our algorithm uses floorplan information that guides the optimization. We develop a simple, yet effective, incremental floorplanner to handle the perturbations caused by the data communication optimization. We show that the proposed techniques can reduce the wirelength of the final design, while maintaining a legal floorplan with the same area as the initial floorplan.
Impact of Covid-19 Coronavirus Infection Pandemic on Financial Stability of Russian Black Metals Companies

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The relevance of this study is due, on the one hand, to the high level of significance of the ferrous metallurgy sector for the Russian economy and, on the other hand, to the presence of serious threats to the sustainable functioning of the investigated industry in the medium term due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.The article analyzes the dynamics and structure of Russian production of the main ferrous metallurgy products in 2007-2018; identifies key risk factors to ensure the financial stability of Russian metallurgical holdings in the medium term; assesses the financial stability of seven largest metallurgical companies in the dynamics of 3, 4 quarters of 2019 and 1, 2 quarters of 2020 to determine the degree of negative impact of the pandemic on their financial position.In the context of the identified probable negative trends in the functioning of Russian ferrous metallurgical companies, the authors have formulated the main directions of measures to improve their financial stability.
ADULT syndrome due to an R243W mutation in TP63

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Acro‐dermato‐ungual‐lacrimal‐tooth (ADULT) syndrome is a rare, autosomal dominant form of ectodermal dysplasia due to TP63 mutations. ADULT syndrome is much less common than the more classical forms of TP63 ‐associated ectodermal dysplasias, such as ectrodactyly–ectodermal dysplasia–cleft lip/palate (EEC) syndrome and ankyloblepharon–ectodermal defects–cleft lip/palate syndrome. ADULT syndrome is characterized by ectrodactyly, syndactyly, and excessive freckling, in addition to more typical ectodermal defects, including hypodontia, lacrimal duct anomalies, hypotrichosis, and onychodysplasia. Unlike some of the other TP63 ‐associated ectodermal dysplasias, ADULT syndrome lacks clefting and ankyloblepharon. Here, we report a three‐generation family with ADULT syndrome due to an R243W mutation in TP63 , a mutation that has previously been described in one patient with ADULT syndrome and eight unrelated patients with EEC syndrome.
Armenians In India From The Earliest Times to The Present Day A Work of Original Research

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This book covers the period from the earliest times to the present day. This is a work of original research. It features Armenians at Agra, Gwalior, Fathepur Sikri, Lahore, Kabul, Surat, Bombay, Chinsurah, Chandernagore, Saidabad, Delhi, Monghyr, Calcutta, Lucknow, Dacca, and Madras.
The Effect of Magnetic Roller Field Uniformity on Print Quality in Electrophotography

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The magnetic roller is a critical component in magnetic development systems in electrophotography. It serves to meter and deliver a uniform layer of toner to the development zone and to control the amount of toner delivered onto the photoreceptor. To ensure good print quality, the magnetic field around the roller must be designed properly and controlled carefully. In this paper, the effect of magnetic field non-uniformity on print quality is studied. The efficacy of a commercial magnetic roller mapping instrument for measuring and quantifying magnetic flux density characteristics is also investigated.
Requirement of the T cell receptor for antigen presentation by T lymphocytes. Effect of envelope glycoproteins of HIV-1 on antigen presentation by T cells

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY We have developed CD4+, tetanus antigen-specific T cell clones that proliferate in the presence of tetanus antigen and autologous irradiated peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) as antigen-presenting cells (APC). There have been several reports that T cells can present antigen themselves. We have used tetanus antigen-specific T cell clones to examine the effects of envelope glycoproteins of HIV-1 on processing and presentation of antigen to T cells. Cloned T cells were pre-incubated with soluble crude preparation of tetanus antigen for 4 h at 37°C, irradiated, and used as APC (T-APC). These cells could present antigen, as assessed by the ability of the autologous cloned T cells to proliferate. Resting T cells and phytohaemagglutinin-activated T cell blasts from autologous PBL could not present tetanus antigen to the responder cloned T cells. Antigen presentation by T-APC was abrogated by treating cells with anti-HLA-DR but not by anti-HLA-DQ monoclonal antibodies; treatment of tetanus antigen-pulsed T-APC with anti-tetanus antibody also blocked the ability of these cells to induce proliferation in responder T cells. Antigen presentation by cloned T cells was by a chloroquine-resistant pathway. Pretreatment of T-APC with envelope glycoprotein of HIV-1, gp120. did not affect the proliferative responses of the responder T cells. These data suggest that gp 120 does not inhibit the antigen-presenting function while suppressing antigen-specific responses.