jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Intestinal Absorption and Excretion of Paracetamol in Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemia

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The phenolic drug molecules can be metabolized, among others, by the small intestine’s enterocytes. The conjugation reactions (glucuronidation and sulfation) show great importance in these transformations, although the oxidation reactions can be significant. These processes are dependent on the substituents of the phenolic compounds or the reacting functional groups (hydroxyl or carboxyl). Pathologic conditions, e.g., permanent hyperglycemia and diabetes, can alter the activities of the conjugative and possibly the oxidative enzymes, thus forming a change in the metabolic pattern and eventually provoking oxidative stress. A rat intestinal perfusion model was used to investigate the way in which experimental hyperglycemia affects the paracetamol’s intestinal elimination and metabolism. Hyperglycemia was induced by the administration of streptozotocin. Two hundred and fifty µM paracetamol was used in the intestinal perfusion solution. For the quantitation of the paracetamol and its major metabolites in the intestinal perfusate, an isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography method with UV-Vis detection was developed. The results revealed that quantities of all of the measured metabolites (glucuronide, sulfate, cysteine, and mercapturic acid conjugates) increased as the effect of the streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia also did. In the small intestine’s homogenate, the glutathione levels showed that there was a decrease in the hyperglycemia levels after the paracetamol administration. In contrast, the tissue levels of the cysteine were lower in the streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia and increased after the administration of the paracetamol. The changes in the activity of the intestinal CYP 3A4, CYP 2E1, and cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes were determined in the control and the hyperglycemic cases. Still, there was a significant observable enzyme activity elevation in the intestinal COX enzymes, but there was a decrease in the amount of activity of the intestinal CYP3A4 enzymes, and the CYP2E1 enzyme activity was practically changeless. The results on the cysteine levels in the intestinal homogenate, at least partly, can be explained by the regulation function of the cysteine during the occurrence of oxidative stress.
Clinical experience with preoperative myocardial nutrition management.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Three hundred and twelve elective adult coronary artery surgery patients were divided into five groups differing as to preoperative glucose or fat loading. The control group (n = 54) had a mean myocardial glycogen level of 880 mg/100 gram heart weight, a 18.5% incidence of serious ventricular arrhythmias, 24.2% dependence on vasopressors, a mean peak postoperative SGOT level of 100 IU, and a 3.7% perioperative transmural myocardial infarction rate. The 10% glucose loading group (n = 67) had elevated myocardial glycogen of 1180 mg/100 gram heart, 14.9% serious ventricular arrhythmias but a lessened dependence on vasopressors (17.9%), a peak post bypass SGOT of 74 IU, and 2.9% transmural infarction rate. A 20% glucose overnight loading group (n = 65) had myocardial glycogen level of 1270 mg/100 gram heart, a 23.0% incidence of serious ventricular arrhythmias, a significant reduction in vasopressor dependence (3.1%), no transmural myocardial infarctions, and peak post bypass SGOT of 53 IU. The intravenous fats (10% Intralipid) group (n = 57) had the highest glycogen level of 1509 mg/100 gram heart, the lowest peak SGOT of 51 IU, no infarctions, a low vasopressor dependence (5.2%), but high rate of serious ventricular arrhythmias (22.8%). The oral fat and 20% glucose loading group (n = 69) had a myocardial glycogen of 1486 mg/100 gram heart, a low vasopressor dependence rate of 4.3%, no infarctions, a peak SGOT of 66 IU, and the lowest serious ventricular arrhythmia rate of 4.3%. These results suggest that it is possible to alter prebypass myocardial substrate levels against the stresses of cardiac surgery with fat and/or glucose loading and that myocardial protection is evident.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Identification and In-Depth Analysis of the Novel FGFR2-NDC80 Fusion in a Cholangiocarcinoma Patient: Implication for Therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) fusions have emerged as a new therapeutic target for cholangiocarcinoma in clinical practice following the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of Pemigatinib in May 2020. FGFR2 fusions can result in a ligand-independent constitutive activation of FGFR2 signaling with a downstream activation of multiple pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein (MAPK) cascade. Until today, only a limited number of fusion partners have been reported, of which the most prevalent is BicC Family RNA Binding Protein (BICC1), representing one-third of all detected FGFR2 fusions. Nonetheless, in the majority of cases rare or yet unreported fusion partners are discovered in next-generation sequencing panels, which confronts clinicians with a challenging decision: Should a therapy be based on these variants or should the course of treatment follow the (limited) standard regime? Here, we present the case of a metastasized intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma harboring a novel FGFR2-NDC80 fusion, which was discussed in our molecular tumor board. The protein NDC80 kinetochore complex component (NDC80) is an integral part of the outer kinetochore, which is involved in microtubule binding and spindle assembly. For additional therapeutic guidance, an immunohistochemical analysis of the predicted fusion and downstream effector proteins was performed and compared to cholangiocarcinoma samples of a tissue microarray. The FGFR2-NDC80 fusion resulted in strong activation of the FGFR2 signaling pathway. These supporting results led to a treatment recommendation of Pemigatinib. Unfortunately, the patient passed away before the commencement of therapy.
Non-certificated staff evaluation instruments that are meaningful and promote improved job performance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to examine development of an evaluation instrument for non-certificated staff. This instrument would clearly recognize the valuable contributions of this important and often overlooked group of employees and provide a tool to promote improved job performance.\nIndividuals participating in the study were the School Business Administrator, 86 non-certificated staff, three head custodians and three principals. Non-certificated employees were surveyed using a written questionnaire to determine their opinions of evaluations and job performance motivators. The head custodians and principals participated in informal interviews regarding existing practices. Five non-certificated staff participated in personal interviews about employee recognition programs, performance evaluations and general concerns about their role in the operation of the district. Responses were summarized to determine the types of items that non-certificated employees believed were important in their job evaluation and motivators to improve job performance.\nResults of the study show that the evaluation instruments need improvement and an employee recognition program will motivate employees. The most significant finding was that this group of employees needs a process where they can communicate their needs, concerns, recommendations and suggestions about their individual jobs without repercussions from their immediate supervisor.
The Lenght of Legal Disputes and the Decision to Appeal in Italian Courts

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Gravelle shows that delay in legal process causes the costs of justice increase and reducesthe demand for justice. In this work we test Gravelle's argument for Italy by analysing the relationship between the number of new appeals and the average delay in the corresponding disputes at first instance.The results do not contradict Gravelle's argument with respect to labour disputes and ordinary disputes that fall within the jurisdiction of the Courts of Appeal. Conversely, we found no significant correlation with respect to appeals in ordinary disputes falling within the jurisdiction of the Courts of Law (against the decision of a Peace Officer) and a not clear effect for social welfare disputes.
Naxalgia and "Madhu Chakra" in Meghnadhbodh Rohoshya:

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay both pits Anik Datta's movie Meghnadhbodh Rohoshya against other literary works dealing with the Naxal question and examines its intertextuality to understand the multifaceted theme of political betrayal that subsumes the armed insurgency. On May 25, 1967, a group of trival sharecroppers in an Indian village called Naxalbari under the state of West Bengal resisted landowners from getting their yield. The protest got 11 villagers killed and spun off into a violent insurgency aimed at the annihilation of the people's enemy, and eventually exposed the Marxist/Maoist divide in the Communist Party of India. Released on the fiftieth year of the Naxalbari Movement, Anik Datta's movie tackles some of the unresolved conflicts of the past by giving them human faces. He uses the genre of mystery films to attempt an "objective" analysis of nuanced truth behind one symbolic betrayal that failed the movement. Datta narrates the story of a defector who left his idealist activism to settle for a comfortable and successful life abroad. The protagonist's defection serves as a parallel to the way the Bengali renaissance figure Michael Madhusudan Dutt left his religion, country and language for Europe and wrote in English. Anik Datta, however, focuses on Madhusudan on Meghnadhbodh Kavya , where the heroic code of a warrior clan is betrayed, and uses it as a temporal frame to negotiate with the present. This article critiques the multiplicity of exchanges between Madhusudan's epic and a contemporary tale of betrayal as found in the Anik Datta's film to comment on the culture and political components of the Naxalite movement and the nostalgia assiciated with it.
Modeling Line Broadening and Distortion Due to Spatially Non-Uniform Fields in Rydberg Electrometry

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present a model for calculating broadened Autler-Townes spectra when probing ac electric field magnitudes by use of Rydberg atom electromagnetically-induced transparency. This model approximates the atom vapor as a multi-layered media and uses Beer's law to combine probe beam absorption through many discrete thin segments, replicating the broadening seen in experimental measurements. The methodology can be easily applied to other non-uniform optical parameters when monitoring total spectral transmission or phase delay. Field non-uniformity is present in standing waves of unmatched waveguides and glass vapor cells, which are generally due to source characteristics and environmental reflections. We present broadening and distortion effects caused by various types of electric-field distributions, and compare this model to results obtained from measured atomic spectra.
Market competition and quality of care in the nursing home industry.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Poor quality nursing home care is a problem in the United States, a problem that threatens the lives and well-being of one of our most vulnerable populations. The competitive structure of the nursing home market may influence the strategies and behaviors nursing homes pursue to capture the resources they need to operate. The goal of this study was to determine whether nursing home quality is related to the level and type of competition present in the market. This study specifically examined whether or not a relationship exists between structural, process, and outcome quality indicators, and (1) the availability of nursing home substitutes, (2) the threat of market entry, (3) the presence of rivalry in the market, and (4) the relationship between the nursing homes and their buyers and suppliers. This study examined secondary data from the Minimum Data Set Plus (MDS +), the On-line Survey Certification of Automated Records (OSCAR), the Area Resource File (ARF), and the Medicaid Reimbursement Survey. Weighted least squares regression analysis was utilized to estimate the relationships between the quality indicators and the different aspects of competition. This study found that some forms of competition are significantly related to nursing home quality performance. The availability of nursing home substitutes, the presence of active certificate of need laws, and the level of excess demand are associated with nursing home quality.
New DEEL Community Podcast: Episode 1

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The mission of the New DEEL is to create an action oriented partnership dedicated to inquiry into the nature and practice of democratic ethical educational leadership through sustained processes of open dialogue, right to voice, community inclusion, and responsible participation toward the common good. They strive to create an environment to facilitate democratic ethical decision-making in educational theory and practice which acts in the best interests of all students. In this first episode of the New DEEL Community Podcast series, Dr. Joan Shapiro (Temple University), Dr. Steven Gross (Temple University), Kevin Peters, Dr. Susan Shapiro (Touro College), Dr. Taryn Conroy, and Jennifer Antoni explore relevant issues facing educational leaders today in light of COVID-19 affecting schools across the nation.
Muzzle Based Identification of Cattle Using KAZE

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Biometric Identification for animals has been an emerging research field in computer vision. Biometric Identification plays an important role in monitoring diseases, vaccination, planning and control of the produce, and also in ownership assignment. There are several Traditional identification methods like the Ear-Tagging, Ear-Notching, Ear-Tattooing, Freeze-Branding, Hot-Branding and Electrical methods using RFID. The Traditional methods have been invasive, easily duplicable. They are also known for their low accuracies in identification as they are vulnerable to losses. A system with better performance is much needed in this field. Visual Animal Biometrics is gaining wide acceptance all over the world as it provides with better results. This paper aims to explain in detail the implementation of a feature extraction technique called KAZE and through experimental analysis show that it performs better than other feature extraction algorithms.
Changes in TSH receptor antibody levels (TRAb) as markers of effectiveness of various therapies in Graves-Basedow's disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of TRAb determinations in predicting and monitoring the effectiveness of various forms of treatment in Graves-Basedow's disease. 144 patients with Graves-Basedow's disease aged 18-76 years, x-44 were studied. Group I--54 patients treated with methizole, group II--45 patients treated with 131 I, group III--45 patients subjected to operative procedures. The TSH receptor antibodies were determined using the radioimmunoassay (TRAK-assay, Henning). The examinations were performed before, 12 and 18 months after treatment. Irrespective of the treatment type, the highest initial TRAb values were observed in the groups of patients with ineffective treatment (thiamazole x- 54.39+/-31.23 U/l, radioiodine x- 103.61+/-43.90 U/l, operative procedures x- 104.00+/- 52.34 U/l). During the 12-month follow-up of the patients subjected to surgery and 18-month follow-up of those undergoing conservative treatment, the level of antibodies did not normalize (x- 40.17+/-33.06, x- 77.18+/-44.92, x- 58.77+/-54.67, respectively). In the groups with effective treatment, the TRAb levels normalized. 1. The level of TSH receptor antibodies is a good marker for monitoring the effectiveness of treatment in Graves-Basedow's disease. 2. The high initial antibody level, irrespective of the kind of treatment instituted, is a bad prognostic feature. 3. The TRAb determinations performed 12 months after the institution of treatment also show some prognostic value. 4. The lack of normalization of antibody levels during treatment is associated with persistent hyperthyroidism, irrespective of the form of therapy.
Purification and Properties of Glucosaminephosphate Isomerase of Proteus mirabilis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract A glucosamine-P isomerase has been identified in Proteus mirabilis. The 113-fold purified enzyme exhibits a pH optimum of 7.5 with a secondary maximum at 8.5 and a temperature optimum at 37 °C. The apparent K m was 13.3 mᴍ for fructose-6-P and 18.8 mᴍ for ʟ-glutamine. Molecular weight of the enzyme has been estimated as 120000 and the protein can be dissociated in four subunits by SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis.
Probing the conformational dynamics of an OTU deubiquitinase enzyme active site

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Enzymes are fundamental to cell function. Despite this, exactly how they work remains unclear. Enzymes exist as 3D folded structures determined by their amino acid sequence, and these structures are necessary for function. However, enzymes change their 3D conformation frequently during the course of a reaction, and an understanding of these dynamic motions is necessary for a complete understanding of enzyme function. As a model for enzyme dynamics, we have studied the catalytic domain of Otu1, an ovarian tumour domain-containing deubiquitinase from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Deubiquitinases catalyze the breakdown of ubiquitin, and play an important role in regulating cell functions including immune response and signal transduction. We have probed the structural dynamics of the catalytic domain of Otu1 using the cysteine-labelling molecule 4,4’-dithiodipyridine (DTDP). The labelling reaction kinetics have been followed using stopped-flow fluorescence spectroscopy methods and have revealed the presence of a conformational change with a frequency of 127 ± 7 s-1. This conformational change may potentially play a role in the enzyme’s catalytic mechanism.
Health Status and Health Determinants of Older Immigrant Women in Canada: A Scoping Review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Increasing international migration in the context of aging populations makes a comprehensive understanding of older immigrant women’s health status and determinants of their health particularly urgent. Using Arksey and O’Malley’s framework, we conducted a scoping review to examine the available literature on the health of older immigrant women in Canada. We searched CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase,Medline, and Cochrane databases for the period of 1990 to 2014 for Canadian-based, peer-reviewed studies on the topic. A total of 20 articles met the inclusion criteria.These articles were divided into six areas of focus: physical health; mental health; abuse; health promotion and chronic disease prevention; barriers to healthcare access and utilization; and health beliefs, behaviours, and practices. Our results show that the health of older immigrant women is affected by the interplay of various social determinants of health including the physical and social environment; economic conditions; cultural beliefs; gendered norms; and the healthcare delivery system. Our results also revealed that older immigrant women tend to have more health problems, underutilize preventive services, such as cancer screening, and experience more difficulties in accessing healthcare services.
Technology of optical azimuth transmission

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

It often needs transfer a reference from one place to another place in aerospace and guided missile launching. At first, principles of several typical optical azimuth transmission methods are presented. Several typical methods are introduced, such as Theodolite (including gyro-theodolite) collimation method, Camera series method, Optical apparatus for azimuth method and polarization modulated light transmission method. For these typical azimuth transmission methods, their essential theories are elaborated. Then the devices, the application fields and limitations of these typical methods' are presented. Theodolite (including gyro-theodolite) collimation method is used in the ground assembly of spacecraft. Camera series method and optical apparatus for azimuth method are used in azimuth transmission between different decks of ship. Polarization modulated light transmission method is used in azimuth transmission of rocket and guided missile. At the last, the further developments of these methods are discussed.
Indocyanine Green Angiography Predicts Tissue Necrosis More Accurately Than Thermal Imaging and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in a Rat Perforator Flap Model

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Clinical examination alone is neither sensitive nor specific for predicting flap necrosis, so several technologies, including indocyanine green angiography, thermal imaging (using the FLIR ONE), and near-infrared spectroscopy, have been developed to supplement perfusion assessment. This study aims to compare the accuracy of these three methods for intraoperatively predicting clinical flap necrosis in a rat perforator flap model. The authors hypothesized that near-infrared spectroscopy, assessing oxygenation rather than direct perfusion, would yield significantly different predictions. Methods: A 10 × 3-cm epigastric perforator flap was elevated in 14 adult male rats weighing 250 ± 50 g. Flap perfusion was assessed immediately after flap elevation using thermal imaging, near-infrared spectroscopy, and indocyanine green angiography. Measurements were correlated to the clinical endpoint and gold standard of flap necrosis on postoperative day 7. Results: All three technologies detected significant differences in perfusion along flap length (all p < 0.001), and were associated with significant differences in the odds of developing flap necrosis (all p < 0.001). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.948 for indocyanine green angiography as an absolute value, 0.873 for relative changes with thermal imaging, and 0.792 for tissue oxygenation. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for indocyanine green angiography measured as an absolute value were the highest at 97.8, 87.5, and 92 percent, respectively. Conclusions: Indocyanine green angiography most accurately predicted flap necrosis in this study; however, tissue oximetry and thermal imaging were also capable of predicting necrosis and represented potentially less expensive or more readily available alternatives for objective perfusion assessment. Additional research can further delineate their roles and cost-efficacy in clinical practice.
Program Booklet of the 4th Asian Student Council Symposium

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The ISCB Student Council and its Regional Student Groups organized the 4th Asian Student Council Symposium (#ASCS2025), a forum for students and young researchers in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics. Participants had the opportunity to present their work to an international audience, build a network within the computational biology community, and develop important soft skills in an environment that fosters the exchange of ideas and knowledge.