jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Social Context of Political Change: Durability, Volatility, and Social Influence

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article translates several explanations for contextual effects upon politics into mathematical, dynamic representations. These representations are used to consider several questions. Under what circumstances does the social context lead to durability and volatility in mass political preferences? Do different specifications of contextual influence lead to different conclusions regarding its dynamic consequences? Does the social context have different dynamic implications for individual preference and for the aggregate preferences of the population as a whole? These questions are not addressed by gathering and analyzing data, but rather by examining the deductive consequences of the various explanations for contextual influence.
Some Arguments Against Analyzing Client Change Graphically

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Although single‐subject research techniques are relevant and valuable to counselors, analyzing change by graphs alone is open to major sources of error. The author discusses these sources and explores the issues of serial dependency, unreliability of graphs, interjudge disagreement on graphed data, and the use of a more reliable statistical procedure (the time‐series statistic) with relevance to the counselor in the field.
A Machine Learning based SLA-Aware VNF Anomaly Detection Method in Virtual Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Since the concept of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) has been proposed, telcos and service providers have leveraged these concepts to provide their services more efficiently. However, as the virtual network in the data centers becomes more complex, a variety of new network management problems arise. To deal with these management problems, it is necessary to monitor and analyze resource usage and traffic load of Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) operating on the virtual network. Recently, there have been many attempts to develop technologies that enable network management without human intervention. Many of these attempts based on machine learning technologies are limited to detecting typical resource usage-related anomalies with a binary classification such as CPU/memory or traffic overload. In this paper, we specify our anomaly detection problem with scenarios involving SLA violations to satisfy the practical needs of network management. We use the datasets collected from the VNFs' service function chain scenarios implemented on OpenStack environment, and compare the accuracy of the anomaly detection models generated by various machine learning algorithms. Our experimental results show the best model has F1-measure over 95% for anomaly detection.
Groundwater geochemistry and hydro-geochemical processes in coastal area South Phan Thiet, Binh Thuan Province, Vietnam

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract As one of the largest dragon fruit areas and many tourism projects, the southern coastal area of Phan Thiet (including three communes: Tien Thanh, Thuan Quy, and Tan Thanh) has been a bright spot in the economy of Binh Thuan. Economic development puts pressure on water resources, especially groundwater resources, the main supply for irrigation and domestic water in the region. In this research, 19 groundwater samples from the Holocene and Pleistocene aquifers were collected in February 2023 and analyzed for the concentration of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , K + , NH 4 + , NO 3 − , PO 4 3- , Cl − , HCO 3 – , and SO 4 2- , thereby evaluating groundwater geochemistry, hydro-geochemical processes, and the suitability for irrigation purposes. The rank of cations in the aquifers of the region is Na + > Ca 2+ ∼ Mg 2+ , and Ca 2+ ∼ Mg 2+ > Na + respectively. The concentrations of major anions in the study area are in order Cl − > HCO 3 − > SO 4 2- respectively. The predominant processes in the aquifer involve the interplay between rock and water as well as anthropogenic activity. The saturation indices of dolomite, gypsum, and halite are under-saturated in all collecting sample sites. According to the quality evaluation for irrigation, 14 of the 19 samples with % sodium levels less than 60 are suitable, while the others should be treated before use. The study area also indicated nitrate pollution (4/19 groundwater samples exceeding 15 mgN L −1 of the Nitrate limited for groundwater, National technical regulation on underground water quality). It is recommended that local authorities have strategies to supply water for different purposes, control pollution sources, and treat water waste to protect these aquifers.
Formulation and Evaluation of Chitosan-Based Ampicillin Trihydrate Nanoparticles

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Purpose: To develop ampicillin trihydrate-loaded chitosan nanoparticles\nby modified ionic gelation method and evaluate their antimicrobial\nactivity. Methods: Ampicillin trihydrate-loaded chitosan nanoparticles\nwere prepared by ionic gelation method with the aid of sonication.\nParameters such as the zeta potential, polydispersity, particle size,\nentrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release of the nanoparticles\nwere assessed for optimization. The antibacterial properties of the\nnanoparticle formulation were evaluated and compared with that of a\ncommercial formulation (reference). Results: Scanning electron\nmicroscopy revealed that the nanoparticles were in the nanosize range\nbut irregular in shape. Concentrations of 0.35 %w/v of chitosan and\n0.40 %w/v sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) and a sonication time of 20 min\nconstituted the optimum conditions for the preparation of the\nnanoparticles. In vitro release data showed an initial burst followed\nby slow sustained drug release. The nanoparticles demonstrated superior\nantimicrobial activity to plain nanoparticles and the reference, due\nprobably to the synergistic effect of chitosan and ampicillin\ntrihydrate. Conclusion: Modified ionic gelation method can be utilized\nfor the development of chitosan nanoparticles of ampicillin trihydrate.\nPolymer and crosslinking agent concentrations and sonication time are\nrate-limiting factors for the development of the optimized formulation.\nThe chitosan nanoparticles developed would be capable of sustained\ndelivery of ampicillin trihydrate.
Lecirelin and Buserelin (Gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonists) are equally effective for fixed time insemination in buffalo

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Buffalo has peculiar reproductive patterns, which make artificial insemination programs a hard and expensive task. Artificial insemination in fixed time is advantaged because females show low incidence of homosexual behaviour and strong dominance relationships, which leads to a poor accuracy in estrus detection. The aim of this experiment was to compare the efficiency of two different GnRH agonists in the GnRH/PGF2alpha/GnRH protocol (Buserelin vs Lecirelin). Two hundred and seventy buffaloes with 45 to 60 days postpartum were synchronized and fixed-time inseminated. The animals were kept on pasture in two farms at São Paulo and Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil). Cows in Group 1 (n = 132) received, intramuscularly, 20 µg of Buserelin at a random day of the estrous cycle and, seven days later, 15 mg of prostaglandin F2alpha. Two days after prostaglandin administration, 10 µg Buserelin were intramuscularly injected. Cows in Group 2 (n = 138) were treated with the same protocol, but with intra-muscular administrations of Lecirelin (50 µg in the first administration and 25 µg in the second). Artificial insemination was performed 16 hours after the last injection in both groups. Pregnancies were diagnosed by ultrasonography (Pie Medical 480, 5.0 and 7.5 MHz linear probe), 30 days after artificial insemination. Conception rates were not influenced by farm (P > 0.05) and were similar in both groups [Group 1: 47.0% (62/132); Group 2: 50.0% (69/138); P > 0.05]. Results show that Lecirelin is as efficient as Buserelin to synchronize ovulation for fixed-time artificial insemination in buffaloes.
Genomics reveals traces of fungal phenylpropanoid-flavonoid metabolic pathway in the f ilamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Fungal secondary metabolites constitute a wide variety of compounds which either play a vital role in agricultural, pharmaceutical and industrial contexts, or have devastating effects on agriculture, animal and human affairs by virtue of their toxigenicity. Owing to their beneficial and deleterious characteristics, these complex compounds and the genes responsible for their synthesis have been the subjects of extensive investigation by microbiologists and pharmacologists. A majority of the fungal secondary metabolic genes are classified as type I polyketide synthases (PKS) which are often clustered with other secondary metabolism related genes. In this review we discuss on the significance of our recent discovery of chalcone synthase (CHS) genes belonging to the type III PKS superfamily in an industrially important fungus, Aspergillus oryzae. CHS genes are known to play a vital role in the biosynthesis of flavonoids in plants. A comparative genome analyses revealed the unique character of A. oryzae with four CHS-like genes (csyA, csyB, csyC and csyD) amongst other Aspergilli (Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus fumigatus) which contained none of the CHS-like genes. Some other fungi such as Neurospora crassa, Fusarium graminearum, Magnaporthe grisea, Podospora anserina and Phanerochaete chrysosporium also contained putative type III PKSs, with a phylogenic distinction from bacteria and plants. The enzymatically active nature of these newly discovered homologues is expected owing to the conservation in the catalytic residues across the different species of plants and fungi, and also by the fact that a majority of these genes (csyA, csyB and csyD) were expressed in A. oryzae. While this finding brings filamentous fungi closer to plants and bacteria which until recently were the only ones considered to possess the type III PKSs, the presence of putative genes encoding other principal enzymes involved in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis (viz., phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamic acid hydroxylase and p-coumarate CoA ligase) in the A. oryzae genome undoubtedly prove the extent of its metabolic diversity. Since many of these genes have not been identified earlier, knowledge on their corresponding products or activities remain undeciphered. In future, it is anticipated that these enzymes may be reasonable targets for metabolic engineering in fungi to produce agriculturally and nutritionally important metabolites.
Criteria and terms for certified suitability of organ donors: assumptions and operational strategies in Italy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Limited access to scarce resources, such as organs for transplantation, has increasingly prompted the use of elderly donors, with a consequent growth of possible risk factors linked to their particular features. Acceptable organ quality must therefore be guaranteed, without exposing recipients to unacceptable risks. For this reason, a set of guidelines for assessing donor suitability has been drawn up. This document standardizes the operative steps in the donor evaluation process and provides precise instructions for center staff. A pool of experts is available round the clock to offer advice on doubtful clinical cases. Such measures have allowed more effective use of available donors for transplantation.
Kinetic Behavior of Exchange-Driven Growth with Catalyzed-Birth Processes*

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Two catalyzed-birth models of n-species (n≥2) aggregates with exchange-driven growth processes ar proposed and compared. In the first one, the exchange reaction occurs between any two aggregates A_k~m and A_j~m of th same species with the rate kernels K_m(k,j)=K_mkj (m=1, 2, …, n, n≥2), and aggregates of A~n species catalyze monomer-birth of A~l species(l=1, 2, …, n-1) with the catalysis rate kernel J_l(k, j)= J_lkj~υ. The kinetic behavior are investigated by means of the mean-field theory. We find that the evolution behavior of aggregate-size distributio. α_k~l(t) of A~l species depends crucially on the value of the catalysis rate parameter υ: (ⅰ) α_k~l(t) obeys the conventiona scaling law in the case of υ≤0, (ⅱ) α_k~l (t) satisfies a modified scaling form in the case of υ0. In the second mode the mechanism of monomer-birth of A~n-species catalyzed by A~l species is added on the basis of the first model, that is the aggregates of A~l and A~n species catalyze each other to cause monomer-birth. The kinetic behaviors of A~l and A species are found to fall into two categories for the different υ: (ⅰ) growth obeying conventional scaling form with υ≤C (ⅱ) gelling at finite time with υ0.
Abstract TMP113: Vascular Dementia Amongst Patients Included in the National Inpatient Sample Database 2006-2014 is not on the Decline

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Vascular dementia is a significant cause of cognitive decline, gait instability, and is associated with stroke risk factors, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. The incidence of ischemic stroke has been declining over the past several decades with improved secondary stroke prevention and care systems. Of several stroke risk factors, diabetes and atrial fibrillation have been identified as co-variates associated with rates of vascular dementia in hospitalized patients. We hypothesize that the frequency of secondary diagnosis for vascular dementia will decline over time between 2006 to 2014 and that the rates of vascular dementia diagnosis may vary by region (Northeast, Midwest, South, West). Methods: The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database from 2006-2014 was used to query patients with vascular dementia using ICD-9 codes 290.40, 290.41, 290.43. Two-way ANOVA was used to assess for differences in vascular dementia diagnosis frequency over time. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to test the trend of vascular dementia diagnosis code usage in the database over study years and its interaction with region while, controlling for age, gender, race, and diagnosis of diabetes and atrial fibrillation. Results: On average, there were 31,123,558 ± 800,912 total admissions per year between 2006-2014. The mean age was 79, 55% female, 31% non-Caucasian. There were no significant differences in patient demographics between the regions. The mean frequency of vascular dementia diagnosis per year nationwide was 0.33% (SD, 0.03), ranging from 0.28% in 2006 to 0.34% in 2014. The frequency of vascular dementia diagnosis did not decrease during the study period. After controlling for race, age, gender, diagnosis of atrial fibrillation, and diabetes, there was no association between frequency of vascular dementia diagnoses and region. Conclusion: Despite advances in cardiovascular disease risk reduction, the frequency of hospitalizations associated with vascular dementia diagnoses in this database remained unchanged over a nine-year time span. This demonstrates that more research is needed to develop more effective preventative therapies to decrease vascular dementia.
Supervision in forensic psychology practice: Issues for supervisor development

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Supervision is generally considered to be an important part of practice in psychology and is one activity that is recognised by the British Psychological Soceity as a source of continued professional development. Despite the range of material available to guide and support supervisory practice, there has been little formal focus on supervision skills and practice within forensic psychology. This paper considers supervision in forensic psychology practice with attention to delivery, training and evaluation issues.
Effect of Temperature on the Kinetic Behaviour of Polyphenol Oxidase and Peroxidase in Fresh-cut Lettuce

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Activity levels for polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes were exanimate in crude extracts and showed significantly higher values in photosynthetic tissue than in vascular tissue. Time courses at 50 ºC showed a rapid loss of POD activity and a similar but slower loss of PPO activity in all tissue while incubations at 4 ºC and 25 ºC showed no significant loss of activity over the same time period. The thermal treatment of the extracts (50 ºC) caused a decrease in the PPO and POD activities over time, in all the samples. PPO had less dependence on temperature than POD. The model prediction for PPO and POD for the first one minute at 50 °C has little effect on either enzyme with the loss of ~6 % of the total activity. Minimal processed lettuce washed at 50 ºC and stored at 4 ºC during 10 days showed significantly lower PPO and POD activity throughout the storage period than those washed at 4 ºC and 25 ºC in the same conditions.
How Regional Policies Can Affect Growth: A Macroeconometric Model for the Southern Italian Regions

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Can regional policies accelerate the convergence path of dualistic economic growth in a single country, offsetting market failures and making growth transmission channels more efficient? A structural dynamic econometric model has been set up in order to account for these changes. Three are the main sources of growth playing a role in this context: the ‘neighbourhood’ effect, the interaction between the economic environment and the agents’ expectations, and the policy impact on economic take-off. The evidence shows that policies strongly boost economic growth of a local area and narrow the gap between the regions of a dual economy.
White Coat Ceremony as a Professional Identity Formation Activity in a United States Family Medicine Residency Program

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction White coat ceremonies (WCCs) in medical school mark the transition of students to medicine, beginning their professional identity formation as a physician. However, a literature/web search revealed a paucity of residency-focused WCCs. Methods A 90-minute Family Medicine Residency (FM) WCC was designed to support residents’ professional identity formation as a specialty physician. Through faculty narratives and brief histories of the white coat and the specialty, the WCC concludes with new residents donning their specialty embroidered white coats. A brief e-survey was sent to attendees, and WCC leaders were debriefed to determine the value and key elements of WCC. Results Seventy-nine percent of survey respondents (34/43) agreed that the WCC is an important transition event for residents’ identity while reaffirming FM values for faculty/staff. WCC leaders identified critical steps for initiating a WCC. Conclusion A resident WCC formally marks the transition to specialty physician identity. Lessons Learned Ceremony structure will evolve over time.
Synthesis and physicochemical study of polyester polyols of epoxy resin of 2,4,6‐tris(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine and their polyurethanes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Polyester polyols of ricinoleic acid (ETPRA), oleic acid, linoleic acid (ETPLA), and rosin (ETPR) and epoxy resin of 2,4,6‐tris(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1‐3‐5‐triazine (ETP) and their polyurethanes (PUs) were synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis techniques. The PU films showed the following density order: ETPRPU600 > ETPRAPU600 > ETPLAPU600. ETPLAPU600 showed good tensile strength and volume resistivity values compared to ETPRAPU600 and ETPRPU600. All three PUs showed good electric strength. ETPLAPU600 showed almost double the electric strength of ETPRAPU600 and ETPRPU600. The incorporation of soft‐segment poly(ethylene glycol) 600 into PU chains resulted in the flexibility of the films. The PU films showed a high water absorption tendency in water, acidic, and saline environments, and they degraded in an alkaline environment. The weight gain tendency of the films was due to surface solvolysis and was also probably due to microcrack formation. The polyester polyols and PUs were thermally stable up to about 167–221 and 184–214°C, respectively, and followed multistep degradation reactions with either fractional or integral order (0.43–2.71) degradation kinetics. Thus, the structure of the PUs affected the studied physicochemical properties of the films. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131 , 40203.
Cord Blood Insulin Concentration and Hypertension Among Children and Adolescents Enrolled in a US Racially Diverse Birth Cohort

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Although insulin resistance is closely related to hypertension, the debate continues as to whether insulin resistance is a cause or a consequence of hypertension. This study investigated the associations of cord blood insulin concentration with blood pressure (BP) and hypertension in childhood and adolescence. Methods: This study included 951 children enrolled from 1998 to 2012 and followed from birth onwards at the Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA. Cord blood insulin concentration was measured using a sandwich immunoassay. Hypertension in childhood and adolescence was defined based on the 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics Clinical Practice Guidelines. Results: The median (interquartile range) for cord blood insulin concentration was 12.1 (7.2–19.0) µIU/mL. The age range of BP measurements was 3 to 18 years (median, 10.6 years). Cord blood insulin concentration was positively associated with systolic and diastolic BP as well as the risk of hypertension at age 3 to 18 years. Compared with the lowest tertile of cord blood insulin concentration, the top tertile insulin concentration was associated with a 5.18 (95% CI, 1.97–8.39) percentile increase in systolic BP, 4.29 (95% CI, 1.74–6.84) percentile increase in diastolic BP, and 1.62-fold (95% CI, 1.27–2.08) higher risk of hypertension. The association between insulin and hypertension was stronger among children born preterm ( P for interaction=0.048). Furthermore, preterm birth and childhood overweight or obesity enhanced the associations. Conclusions: Our results suggest that elevated insulin concentration at birth plays a critical role in the early life origins of hypertension and support the hypothesis implicating insulin resistance in the etiology of hypertension.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Separation of Enantiomers and Barriers to Racemization of Some Sterically Hindered N‐Aryl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐3,3‐dimethyl‐2,4‐ quinolinediones and Their Thio Analogues.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Nonperturbative Entangling Gates between Distant Qubits Using Uniform Cold Atom Chains

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We propose a new fast scalable method for achieving a two-qubit entangling\ngate between arbitrary distant qubits in a network by exploiting dispersionless\npropagation in uniform chains. This is achieved dynamically by switching on a\nstrong interaction between the qubits and a bus formed by a non-engineered\nchain of interacting qubits. The quality of the gate scales very efficiently\nwith qubit separations. Surprisingly, a sudden switching of the coupling is not\nnecessary and our gate mechanism is not altered by a possibly gradual\nswitching. The bus is also naturally reset to its initial state making the\ncomplex resetting procedure unnecessary after each application of the gate.\nMoreover, we propose a possible experimental realization in cold atoms trapped\nin optical lattices and near field Fresnel trapping potentials, which are both\naccessible to current technology.\n