jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Routine Postoperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis Offers No Benefit after Hepatectomy—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Prophylactic antibiotics are frequently administered after major abdominal surgery including hepatectomies aiming to prevent infective complications. Yet, excessive use of antibiotics increases resistance in bacteria. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics after hepatectomy (postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis, POA). Method: This systematic review and meta-analysis were completed according to the current PRISMA guidelines. The protocol has been registered prior to data extraction (PROSPERO registration Nr: CRD42021288510). MEDLINE, Web of Science and CENTRAL were searched for clinical reports on POA in hepatectomy restrictions. A random-effects model was used for synthesis. Methodological quality was assessed with RoB2 and ROBINS-I. GRADE was used for the quality of evidence assessment. Results: Nine comparative studies comprising 2987 patients were identified: six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and three retrospectives. POA did not lead to a reduction in postoperative infective complications or have an effect on liver-specific complications—post-hepatectomy liver failure and biliary leaks. POA over four or more days was associated with increased rates of deep surgical site infections compared to short-term administration for up to two days (OR 1.54; 95% CI [1.17;2.03]; p = 0.03). Routine POA led to significantly higher MRSA incidence as a pathogen (p = 0.0073). Overall, the risk of bias in the studies was low and the quality of evidence moderate. Conclusion: Routine POA cannot be recommended after hepatectomy since it does not reduce postoperative infection or liver-specific complications but contributes to resistance in bacteria. Studies into individualized risk-adapted antibiotic prophylaxis strategies are needed to further optimize perioperative treatment in liver surgery.
New Hybrid Variational Recovery Model for Blurred Images with Multiplicative Noise

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A new hybrid variational model for recovering blurred images in the presence of multiplicative noise is proposed. Inspired by previous work on multiplicative noise removal, an I-divergence technique is used to build a strictly convex model under a condition that ensures the uniqueness of the solution and the stability of the algorithm. A split-Bregman algorithm is adopted to solve the constrained minimisation problem in the new hybrid model efficiently. Numerical tests for simultaneous deblurring and denoising of the images subject to multiplicative noise are then reported. Comparison with other methods clearly demonstrates the good performance of our new approach.
DYNAMIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MUTUAL FUND FLOWS AND RETURNS: EMPERICAL EVIDENCE FROM EU EQUITY FUNDS

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The paper aims to investigate the existence of a positive feedback process between managed aggregate equity fund flows and equity fund excess returns in short-term and long-term period using monthly data from high- and middle-income EU economies for the time span from January 2000 to December 2016 and to perform subsequently international comparison of the obtained results with existing evidence from other regions or groups of advanced and emerging economies of the world.
An Adolescent With Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: A Case and Discussion of Neurobiological Research on Emotion Regulation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The management of nonsuicidal self-injurious behavior is a common focus of clinical care, particularly in the treatment of adolescents and young adults. Increased recognition of this problem has led to proposed criteria for future study in DSM-5, which may be beneficial in advancing the field. Clinical care may be fruitfully informed by an understanding of the neurodevelopmental underpinnings of this behavior. The authors discuss the current status of neurobiological research related to nonsuicidal self-injury with a focus on the key dimension of emotion regulation. A case is presented to illustrate the critical points. Preliminary empirical evidence suggests disturbances in neurobiological systems relevant to emotion regulation. Disturbances involve engagement of limbic brain regions and frontal regulatory brain regions that may evolve over time. Additionally, disturbances are observed in serotonin and physiological response systems relevant to emotion regulation. Treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors may be most beneficial in combination with dialectical behavioral therapy to address safety, build self-soothing strategies to enhance emotion regulation, and reduce interpersonal sensitivity. Delineation of the neurobiological markers that reflect successful treatment response will help in the identification of new avenues for research and the development of personalized treatments for adolescents with nonsuicidal self-injury.
C3 nephritic factor and C4 nephritic factor in the serum of two patients with hypocomplementaemic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Both C3 nephritic factor (C3NeF) and C4 nephritic factor (C4NeF) were found in the serum of two patients with hypocomplementaemic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type 1 (H-MPGN type 1). Both stabilizing activities were associated with the IgG fraction. The serum levels of C3 and C5 were quite low, whereas the levels of early components and control proteins were in the normal range.
A PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA NA FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The pedagogical practice is understood in the perception of Gimeno Sacristán (1999) as a share of the teacher within the classroom. Guided by the concept of this author, the text which sought to investigate the concept of teaching practice of academic course on the Pedagogy of UNICENTRO to identify the students' statements that reflect evidence that the relationship between theory and practice actually discussed the pedagogy course. This relationship is discussed, mainly in the discipline of Supervised the third year of teacher training, because of that promotion, more concretely, the consideration of the relationship between theory, which he established the first years of the course, and practice that will develop. What became clear is that there are sufficient only for reading and one forced by the examples of teaching practice, it is necessary an investigative posture of the students at all times of the course. Among the group of academics who have demonstrated understanding of the concept, it was felt that a theoretical / practical course held in the Pedagogy of UNICENTRO has caused the ratio of the theoretical and practical actions of teachers. Keywords: educational practice; teacher training; teacher knowledge.
Hypofractionated and hyper-hypofractionated radiation therapy in postoperative breast cancer treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY INTRODUCTION: Radiation therapy is widely used as adjuvant treatment in breast cancer patients. In the last decades, several studies have been designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of hypofractionated breast radiation therapy. More recently, even shorter regimens with doses above 4 Gy (hyper-hypofractionation) have also been proposed. This study aims to present a narrative review of the various hypofractionation protocols used to treat breast cancer patients with a focus on clinical application. RESULTS: Long-term results from several phase III randomized controlled trials demonstrated the safety and efficacy of hypofractionated breast radiation therapy using 15 or 16 fractions for early and locally advanced disease. The results of the initial clinical trials of hyper-hypofractionation are also encouraging and it is believed that these regimens may become routine in the indication of adjuvant radiation therapy treatment after the ongoing studies on this subject have matured. CONCLUSIONS: The idea that normal tissues could present high toxicity at doses above 2 Gy was opposed by clinical trials that demonstrated that moderate hypofractionation had similar results regarding oncological and cosmetic outcomes compared to conventional fractionation. Cosmetic and toxicity results from hyper-fractionation studies are in principle favorable. However, the long-term oncological results of studies that used hyper-hypofractionation for the treatment of breast cancer patients are still awaited.
Honey and its nutritional and antiinflammatory \nvalue

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Inflammation is the main key role in developing chronic diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, \narthritis, and neurodegenerative diseases which possess a huge challenge for treatment. With massively compelling \nevidence of the role played by nutritional modulation in preventing inflammation-related diseases, there is a growing \ninterest into the search for natural functional foods with therapeutic and preventive actions. Honey, a nutritional healthy \nproduct, is produced mainly by two types of bees: honeybee and stingless bee. Since both types of honey possess \ndistinctive phenolic and flavonoid compounds, there is recently an intensive interest in their biological and clinical actions \nagainst inflammation-mediated chronic diseases. This review shed the light specifically on the bioavailability and \nbioaccessibility of honey polyphenols and highlight their roles in targeting inflammatory pathways in gastrointestinal tract \ndisorders, edema, cancer, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and gut microbiota.
Simple shear flow round a rigid sphere: inertial effects and suspension rheology

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An analysis is presented of the flow field near a neutrally-buoyant rigid spherical particle immersed in an in compressible Newtonian fluid which, at large distances from the particle, is undergoing simple shear flow. Subject to conditions of continuity of stress at the particle surface and to conditions of zero net torque and zero net force on the sphere, the effect of fluid inertia on the velocity and pressure fields in the vicinity of the particle has been computed to $O(R^{\frac{3}{2}})$ , where R = a 2 G /ν is a shear Reynolds number, a being the sphere radius, G the velocity gradient in the free stream (taken to be a positive number), and ν the kinematic viscosity. Some streamlines have been computed and plotted. These illustrate how the fore–aft symmetry of the creeping-motion solution is destroyed when one includes inertial effects. Knowledge of the velocity and pressure fields enables one to compute the effect of inertial forces in suspension rheology. The results include a correction to the Einstein viscosity law to $O(R^{\frac{3}{2}})$ for a dilute (non-interacting) suspension of spheres. In addition it is found that inertial effects give rise to a non-isotropic normal stress.
Observational and experimental studies of the meristem of leguminous plants. I. Effects of acetylcholine, red light and far-red light upon the protoplasts of root tip meristem.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The available information concerning the effects of ACh, red light and far-red light upon the protoplasts of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) root tip may be summarized as follows.1. By the application of a combination of Lillie's buffered neutral formalin fixing together with methyl blue staining, 1) one kind of pericyclic cells, 2) small cells outside of pith, and 3) the procambial cylinder of primary root and also 4) the primordia of the lateral root showed blue color deeply.2. On the transverse section of the central cylinder of 1000μ from the primary root apex, there are five to eight pericyclic cells in which the protoplasts are stained deeply with methyl blue; these cells contracted with 10-5 M and/or 10-4 M ACh.3. Atropine restrains the action of ACh on these pericyclic cells.4. In the same part of the root, there are three to five pericyclic cells in which protoplasts are barely stained with the same dye; these cells are not contracted by the ACh solution.5. In the same part of the root, the protoplasts of the central cylinder, especially the pericyclic cells, are contracted with the irradiation by red light for 4 min after that by far-red light for 4 min.6. Due to the irradiation with far-red light for 4 min after irradiation with red light, the features of the protoplast in the same tissue-cells of the central cylinder appears the same as the features of the material which was kept in darkness.7. The behaviour of the protoplasts of the procambial cylinder of the primary root and of the lateral root due to treatment with ACh and/or the irradiation with red light and with far-red light was the same as that of the protoplasts of the peri-cyclic cells which were stained with methyl blue.
Cancer Diagnosis Disclosure in a Northern Italian Hospital Report on 312 Consecutive Cancer Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To evaluate cancer diagnosis disclosure in a cohort of cancer patients attending an outpatient oncology unit, a prospective observational study was performed. Three hundred twelve consecutive patients were accrued between January and June 2005. A questionnaire was given to each patient; the questions were very simple and related to demographics, residence, sex, educational background, employment status, time elapsed after diagnosis, treatment received, existence of relatives, and health insurance. All patients but one entered the study. There were 185 women and 127 men; 120 patients had breast cancer, 84 colorectal cancer, 34 lung cancer, 28 ovarian cancer, 34 gastric cancer, and 12 pancreatic cancer. Of the total 311 evaluable cancer patients, 171 (54.98%) were correctly informed; of the remaining 140 patients, 67 (21.54%) were not sure, and 73 (23.47%) thought their disease was not cancer. These data suggest that the majority of cancer patients attending our outpatient oncology unit are being correctly informed about their diagnosis. In our series the type of tumor had an important impact on diagnosis disclosure, while age and educational status did not.
Stability Assessment of Large Caverns in Horizontally Bedded Strata Considering Time-Dependent Response

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The stability of a cavern excavated in the Chagrin shale was evaluated. During the excavation of the top heading, deformation of rock along the roof exceeded what is typically observed in rock cavern construction. The excavation sequence caused the increased deformations during construction due to rock disturbance. In addition, time-dependent rock deformations were observed during and after excavation. Several factors were believed to be the source of this time-dependent deformation including stress changes induced by the excavation, strain softening along the bedding planes, and creep of the shaley rock under compressive stresses. Finite element analysis (FEA) was carried out to simulate the rock conditions and sequential excavation due to the concerns regarding the unanticipated behavior of the rock mass. The FEA incorporated the bedding planes as observed in the cavern to evaluate the long-term deformations and stability. Rock mass behavior including time-dependent deformation was measured by means of rock surface convergence monitoring points (CMP) and multi-point borehole extensometers (MPBX). A time-dependent constitutive model was incorporated in the FEA to evaluate the potential long-term movement in the cavern. Creep tests were performed on core samples of the Chagrin shale from the wall of the cavern to estimate the time-dependent constitutive model parameters.
Device closure of an atrial septal defect: is seeing always believing?

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Adoptive T cell immune therapies mediate impressive clinical benefit in a fraction of patients, but anti-tumor effects are often limited by inadequate T cell potency. To identify genes limiting T cell effector function, we conducted genome-wide CRISPR knock-out screens in human primary CAR-T cells. The top hits were MED12 and CCNC, components of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) module of the Mediator complex, an evolutionarily conserved regulator of gene transcription. MED12 or CCNC deficient CAR-T cells manifest increased expansion, cytokine production, metabolic fitness, effector function, anti-tumor activity and reduced terminal effector differentiation. Chemical inhibition of CDK8/19 kinase activity recapitulated some features of genetic loss of MED12, including increased T cell expansion. MED12 deficient CAR-T cells showed widespread but selective increases in chromatin accessibility, MED1 chromatin occupancy, and H3K27 acetylation at enhancers used by transcription factors playing a critical role in T cell fate, including several STAT and AP1 family members. The most pronounced enhancement was observed for STAT5 which manifested as increased sensitivity to IL-2 in MED12 deficient T cells. These results link Mediator induced transcriptional coactivation with T cell effector programming and identify the CDK module as a target for enhancing the potency of anti-tumor T cell responses.

One Sentence Summary

The Mediator kinase module is a primary regulator of T cell differentiation, and genetic or small molecule-based inhibition of this module enhances effector T cell potency.
Use of Descriptor Codes in Agro-Morphological Characterization: Qualitative assessment of 20 LandRaces of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) from West Bengal

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Rice is one of the very few crop species endowed with rich genetic diversity which is embodied in the traditional rice landraces or folk varieties.It is one of the most researched crops.Rice genetic resources and human welfare are intricately interlinked.Rice has shaped the history, culture, diet and economy of billions of people of Asia.The diversity data generated in time and space have been valuable to communities, scientists and policy managers to formulate and implement conservation strategies of in situ, on-farm as well as ex situ conservation and management of genetic resources.West Bengal has rich rice genetic wealth.But this genetic wealth is being silently depleted due to the onslaught of the high-yielding varieties (HYVs) and neglect.Descriptor codes were used for the qualitative evaluation of genetic diversity among the 20 rice genotypes collected from different parts of West Bengal, following the Standard Evaluation System (SES) for rice developed by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI).There is an urgent need to document, characterize and conserve these varieties.
The calculation of quantum radar scattering characteristic for the 3D circular cone target

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

With the development of quantum radar technology, the study of quantum radar scattering characteristic has gradually become a new academic and engineering hotspot. Quantum radar cross section (QRCS) is an important parameter of quantum radar scattering characteristic which describes the visibility of the target illuminated by a handful of photons. However, the current study is still limited to 2D objects. We first developed a new calculation method that can solve the simulation of quantum radar scattering for 3D circular cone targets. Then, the method has been verified the for a typical 2D circular plate. Finally, we presented the QRCS results of a 3D circular cone and compared them with the classical radar cross section.
A planning guide for temporary disaster shelters focusing on habitability

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to develop the temporary shelter planning guide on the basis of taking their habitability for disaster victims into account in South Korea. Based on the results of the critical review, this research proposed an analytic framework emphasizing habitability which is closely related to the quality of temporary shelter environment in terms of safety, healthy living and cultural issues. The planning guide is composed of four dimensions: safety, health, sociality and comfort. Compared to the existing studies on temporary shelter, habitability is more heavily emphasized, including detailed interviews with disaster victims, volunteers and government officials to gain the broadest possible perspective on issues involved. Based on a three-step study, 46 planning guides for temporary shelters were developed to suit the specific needs of disaster stakeholders. The results suggest that ensuring habitability is essential for victims' living in the confusing situation. However, planning guides would differently apply to each disaster situation depending on the unpredictable conditions in the field of disaster. This paper should provide for significant emphasis on the practical use of the guidelines and the priority of their application.
Irradiation Behavior of Uranium Fuel Tubes in a Pressurized Heavy-Water Reactor

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

AbstractZircaloy-clad uranium metal fuel tubes containing dilute (<1000 ppm) Fe, Si, and Al additions that were irradiated under 1200 psi reactor pressure to about 5000 Megawatt days per metric ton of uranium (MWd/tU) swelled less than 3%; in contrast, U-1.5wt%Mo and unalloyed uranium tubes swelled 6 to 10%. External restraints such as provided by thick cladding and reactor pressurization contributed substantially to the volume stability of the tubes by limiting the volume increase that would normally be encountered at exposures beyond the characteristic threshold for swelling. Notes* The information contained in this article was developed during the course of work under contract AT(07-2)-l with the USAEC.
(Invited) Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Interfaces with Swcnts for Energy Harvesting and Conversion

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Low-dimensional semiconductors provide a rich tapestry of tunable optical and electrical properties for a wide variety of applications. Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) have shown tremendous potential in applications ranging from digital logic, biological imaging, quantum information processing, photovoltaics, and thermoelectric energy harvesting. Energy harvesting applications rely critically upon the creation of tailored interfaces that enable the movement of energetic species (excitons, electrons, holes) in specified directions. While organic energy harvesting devices often employ interfaces between distinct organic species such as polymers, fullerenes, and carbon nanotubes, hybrid interfaces between organic and inorganic semiconductors have unique properties that are relatively unexplored. In this talk, I will discuss our recent efforts at constructing novel hybrid interfaces between s-SWCNTs and low-dimensional inorganic semiconductors. I will highlight time-resolved spectroscopy results that illustrate exceptionally long-lived photoinduced charge separation across such interfaces. These studies provide insight into some of the remarkable properties of these interfaces that can enable efficient solar energy harvesting and conversion to fuels.
Neutralization at Infinity in Streak Retinoscopy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A new principle of retinoscopy proposes that the endpoint of neutralization be placed at infinity rather than into the aperture of the retinoscope. The advantages of the method are (1) the pupillary reflex is sharply defined and enhanced at neutralization, (2) the pupillary reflex width is equal to the diameter of the smallest aperture of the observation system, (3) the relative speed of the pupillary reflex is equal to 1, that is, the speed of the reflex is that of the scanning speed, and (4) neutralization at infinity is independent of the observation distance. The lens used gives the "net" retinoscopy.