jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Accelerated Brain Aging on Coactivation Pattern Dynamics in Parkinson's Disease

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Motivation: Aging has been widely recognized as the primary risk factor for brain degeneration, and Parkinson&rsquo;s disease (PD) tends to follow accelerated aging trajectories. Goal(s): The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of structural brain aging on large-scale functional network temporal dynamics in PD. Approach: The level of brain aging was assessed by calculating global and local brain age gap estimates from T1-weighted images. Coactivation patterns of the whole brain were identified from fMRI to capture neural network activity. Results: Accelerated structural brain aging in PD affected brain function, which manifested as aberrant brain network dynamics. Impact: These findings relate whole-brain coactivation patterns to spatial variation in accelerated brain aging, providing insights into the neuropathological mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases and implying the possibility of intervention for PD progression by slowing the brain aging process.
Frederick Jackson Turner and John Rogers Commons--Complementary Thinkers

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Frederick Jackson Turner and John Rogers Commons—Complementary Thinkers Get access George D. Blackwood George D. Blackwood Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 41, Issue 3, December 1954, Pages 471–488, https://doi.org/10.2307/1897494 Published: 01 December 1954
Predictors of response and disease course in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with biological therapy—the Danish IBD Biobank Project: protocol for a multicentre prospective cohort study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic diseases of unknown cause characterised by a progressive and unpredictable disease course. In the last decade, biological treatment has become a cornerstone in the treatment of IBD. However, one-in-three-to-four patients do not respond to first-line biological agents and another third of patients see their response diminish over time. This highlights an unmet need for optimising the use of biologicals and the prediction of treatment response. Considering the multifaceted nature of IBD, we hypothesise that multiomics profiling of sequential samples from single patients could facilitate the discovery of predictive biomarkers of response to biological therapy and disease course. Methods This is a multicentre prospective cohort study which will enrol 840 biological-naïve patients with IBD who initiate biological therapy in a 3-year period. Primary outcomes are the occurrence of primary non-response (evaluated at weeks 14–16) and loss of response (evaluated during entire follow-up in patients who obtain partial or full response after induction period). Each patient will be followed up for their clinical data for at least 1 year or till the end of study period (up to 4 years). Blood and stool samples will be collected sequentially during the first year of biological treatment. Intestinal tissue will be sampled after 1 year of treatment and whenever an endoscopy is performed. Samples will undergo transcriptomic, proteomic and microbial DNA analyses. Omics data will be integrated with clinical data to identify a panel of predictive biomarkers of response to biological therapy and disease behaviour in patients with IBD. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval has been obtained from the Danish Ethics Committee (H-18064178). Inclusion is ongoing at three study centres and will be initiated in two additional centres. Both positive and negative study results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals according to Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines, as well as presented at international conferences.
WE-C-BRA-08: MLC Leaf Size Effects on Single and Multiple Lesion Radiosurgery Treatment Plan Conformality and Normal Brain Dose as Evaluated by Equivalent Uniform Dose (EUD)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To investigate the dosimetric effects of 3mm and 5mm MLC leaf size on single and multiple lesion radiosurgery treatment plan conformality and normal brain dose. Methods: Dosimetric effects of MLC leaf size on plan conformality and normal tissue dose were evaluated retrospectively using both 3mm (BrainLAB M3) and 5mm (Varian Millennium) MLC based conformal planning for metastatic brain tumors. Eighteen patients had single lesions with a median volume of 2.21cc (range 0.21–13.23cc) and 12 patients had two or more lesions with median total tumor volume of 4.05cc (range 1.23–9.57cc). Identical beam geometries using 10–13 non-coplanar beams with optimized collimator angles were used for both MLC types with a 1mm margin around the tumor volume. All plans were normalized at 20Gy covering 99% of the tumor volume. Conformality Indices as per RTOG (CI) and by Paddick (CIPaddick), and equivalent uniform dose (EUD) for normal brain tissue were calculated for both MLC plans after normalizing the single-fraction dose to 2Gy/fraction dose using α/β=3. Results: While normal brain mean EUDs for M3 and Millennium MLC plans were respectively 17.5±4.1 and 18.3±3.9Gy for single lesions, 20.5±3.5 and 21.3±3.7Gy for multiple lesions, these differences were statistically significant (p<0.001). The mean EUD differences between M3 and Millennium plans were 5% and 3% for lesions smaller and larger than 5cc, respectively, regardless of number of lesions (p<0.05). The mean CI forM3 and Millennium plans were 1.52±0.13 and 1.59±0.15 (p<0.001) for single lesions, and 1.73±0.26 and 1.84±0.31 for multiple lesions (p<0.01). The mean CIPaddick for M3 and Millennium MLC plans were 0.66±0.06 and 0.62±0.06 (p<0.001) for single lesions, and 0.58±0.08 and 0.53±0.08 for multiple lesions (p<0.001). Conclusion: Plan conformality and normal brain EUD improved consistently with 3mm over 5mm MLCs. Additionally, the clinical advantage of 3mm MLC planning may be important for lesions smaller than 5cc.
Rheumatic Heart Disease in Indian Paediatrics: A Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a condition in which the valves of the heart are damaged, it is mainly caused by Group A Streptococcus, it mainly affects the paediatrics and young adults. Inflammation occurs in the joints, heart and blood vessels due to group A streptococcus. The exact pathogenesis of rheumatic heart disease is unknown. It is manifested as fatigue, chest pain and shortness of breath; pulmonary hypertension, heart failure are some of the complications of the disease. Endocarditis, viral myocarditis and prolapse of the mitral valve are the differential diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease. It is diagnosed by revised Jones and World Heart Federation criteria. Benzylpenicillin is the first-line drug for rheumatic heart disease, followed by oral Penicillin V, Erythromycin can be recommended. Paediatrics who are allergic to Penicillin Azithromycin, Erythromycin can be recommended based on Indian paediatrics and World Health Organization guidelines. It is prevented by reducing the exposure to infection in high-risk regions; treat with appropriate antibiotics; prevent recurrence of infections and complications. The aim of this review is to highlight rheumatic heart disease in paediatric population.
How to control a biological switch: a mathematical framework for the control of piecewise affine models of gene networks

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This article introduces preliminary results on the control of gene networks, in the context of piecewise-affine models. We propose an extension of this well-documented class of models, where some input variables can affect the main terms of the equations, with a special focus on the case of affine dependence on inputs. This class is illustrated with the example of two genes inhibiting each other. This example has been observed on real biological systems, and is known to present a bistable switch for some parameter values. Here, the parameters can be controlled. Some generic control problems are proposed, which are qualitative, respecting the coarse-grained nature of piecewise-affine models. Piecewise constant feedback laws that solve these control problems are characterized in terms of affine inequalities, and can even be computed explicitly for a subclass of inputs. The latter is characterized by the condition that each state variable of the system is affected by at most one input variable. These general feedback laws are then applied to the two dimensional example, showing how to control this system toward various behaviours, including the usual bi-stability, as well as situations involving a unique global equilibrium.
Omega-oxidation is the major pathway for the catabolism of leukotriene B4 in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), formed by the 5-lipoxygenase pathway in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), may be an important mediator of inflammation. Recent studies suggest that human leukocytes can convert LTB4 to products that are less biologically active. To examine the catabolism of LTB4, we developed (using high performance liquid chromatography) a sensitive, reproducible assay for this mediator and its omega-oxidation products (20-OH- and 20-COOH-LTB4). With this assay, we have found that human PMN (but not human monocytes, lymphocytes, or platelets) convert exogenous LTB4 almost exclusively to 20-OH- and 20-COOH-LTB4 (identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry). Catabolism of exogenous LTB4 by omega-oxidation is rapid (t1/2 approximately 4 min at 37 degrees C in reaction mixtures containing 1.0 microM LTB4 and 20 X 10(6) PMN/ml), temperature-dependent (negligible at 0 degrees C), and varies with cell number as well as with initial substrate concentration. The pathway for omega-oxidation in PMN is specific for LTB4 and 5(S),12(S)-dihydroxy-6,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (only small amounts of other dihydroxylated-derivatives of arachidonic acid are converted to omega-oxidation products). Even PMN that are stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate to produce large amounts of superoxide anion radicals catabolize exogenous leukotriene B4 primarily by omega-oxidation. Finally, LTB4 that is generated when PMN are stimulated with the calcium ionophore, A23187, is rapidly catabolized by omega-oxidation. Thus, human PMN not only generate and respond to LTB4, but also rapidly and specifically catabolize this mediator by omega-oxidation.
Electrophoretic and Antigenic Comparisons of the Ixodid Ticks Amblyomma maculatum and A. americanum (Acari: Ixodidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Disc gel electrophoretic patterns of female and male Amblyomma maculatum Koch extracts are similar but not identical. A comparison of combined male-female A. americanum (L.) with male and female A. maculatum extracts suggests that several common proteins exist. Sera from rabbits immunized with unfed male A. maculatum extract formed a precipitin band with both male and female A. maculatum antigens as well as the combined male-female A. americanum antigens. However, sera from calves immunized with unfed male and female A. maculatum gave no detectable precipitin reactions.
Enhancing Optical Network Performance during Failures; Value Proposition from Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The advancement of optical networks as the backbone of modern telecommunications has been enhanced by their high data capacity, minimal latency, and adaptability. Fiber optic technology is essential for sending large volumes of data over extensive distances, serving applications include video streaming, cloud computing, and gaming on the internet. Ensuring network survivability, defined as the ability to endure disruptions from natural or physical disasters, is essential. Fiber cable cuts are a common type of network failure, requiring efficient traffic restoration methods to ensure service continuity. Restoration solutions, divided into facility repair and facility restoration, entail trade-offs between flexibility and capacity needs, affecting their efficiency. In this context, cross-layer analytics which integrates the physical layer and data link layer of optical network are vital for improving network resilience. Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) is a crucial innovation in optical communication that provides substantial benefits in capacity, distance, and spectral efficiency, rendering it essential in the core networks of telecommunication systems. This study is proposed to examine fixed and variable backup path techniques to enhance signal redirection during connection breakdowns. A comparative examination with existing methods, such as Kruskal and Hamiltonian algorithms, illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. The results enhance restoration procedures in optical networks, responding to the increasing need for dependable and high-capacity telecommunications infrastructure. The study has taken in to account secondary data concerned with capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX), where in network operators can determine the most cost-effective solutions while maintaining optimal network performance. It was identified that the DWDM offers a compelling value proposition in terms of cost-efficiency, scalability, and long-term operational savings.
Molecular associations of acetylcholine with aromatic molecules in water. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectral evidence

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular associations of acetylcholine with aromatic molecules in water. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectral evidenceM. J. Minch, John P. Sevenair, and C. HenlingCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 18, 3247–3252Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01332a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01332a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Molecular phylogeny of Ochrosia sensu lato (Apocynaceae) based on ITS sequences data: An evidence for the inclusion of Neisosperma

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Molecular phylogeny of Ochrosia sensu lato (Ochrosia sensu stricto and Neisosperma) was investigated by maximum parsimony analysis of sequence data from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Twenty-one species including two varieties (25 accessions), were defined as the ingroup. Three outgroup species were selected from tribe Vinceae (Kopsia arborea, K. flavida, and Rauvolfia serpentina). The ITS sequence data showed that Ochrosia s.l. is a highly defined monophyletic group (supported with 100% bootstrap value). As shown in the strict consensus tree, all Neisosperma species were placed at the basal part of the tree with N. glomerata and N. nakaiana as the basalmost taxa. All species belong to Ochrosia s.str. were grouped into one clade and nested within Neisosperma resulting in monophyletic Ochrosia s.str. and paraphyletic Neisosperma. This suggested that Neisosperma should be included into Ochrosia, and the two groups are treated as a single genus. The analysis also showed that subdivision of Ochrosia s.l. into sections based on fruit morphology (fibrous vs. massive and thick endocarp) is not supported.
Development of Nd-doped optical gain material based on silica glass with a high thermal shock parameter for high-average-power laser

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper reports demonstrations of laser amplification and oscillation at 1.06 /spl mu/m in a bulk-type Nd-doped silica glass (Nd/sub 2/O/sub 3/: 1.25 wt%, Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/: 2.72 wt%, SiO/sub 2/: 96.03 wt%) with a high thermal shock parameter, 12.0 W/cm.
Effect of NS-DBD Actuator Parameters on the Aerodynamic Performance of a Flap Lifting Device

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The flap lift device is an important part of the conventional configuration of aircrafts and has an important impact on the aerodynamic performance. In this paper, a high-efficiency, simple, and energy-saving nanosecond dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuator is placed in the vicinity of the flap lift device to improve the aerodynamic performance of the flap by controlling the flow field. The two-dimensional airfoil GAW-1 and its 29% flap were selected as the research objects, and the nanosecond (NS) DBD actuators were fixed at different locations near the deflection angle of the 10°flap. The excitation frequency, pulse width, and energy density parameters of the pulse discharge were adjusted, and then, the effects of parameter changes on aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoil were studied by numerical simulation. The simulation results show that adjusting the excitation frequency on the aerodynamic drag is weak and that the effect on the aerodynamic lift is obvious. The increase of the discharge pulse width will have a more significant effect on the flow field, i.e., a proper increase of the discharge pulse width can achieve better drag reduction, and increase lift after a stall at a high angle of attack. Although the increase of discharge energy density can strengthen the pulse perturbation effect on the flow field, it also contributes to some adverse effects and has no obvious optimization effect on the control efficiency of lift increase and drag reduction.
EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTARY ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION ON THE YIELD OF TEN VARIETIES OF COWPEA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The economic value of a crop plant lies in its produce. As for the UV-B impacts, most of the plants have suffered from growth reductions which would lead to yield reductions. Most of the growth chamber studies where the interplay of other environmental factors are selectively excluded, recorded only adverse effects. The present study is to evaluate the yield attributes of ten varieties viz. CW-122, COVU-1, COFC-8, CO-1, COVU-2, KM-1, CO-6, VAMBAN, CO-3 and PUDUVAI of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. after exposure to supplementary UV-B radiation (2 hours daily @ 12.2 kJ m -2 d -1 ; ambient = 10 kJ m -2 d -1 ). Mature fruits were harvested periodically from each plant and the length and weight of the pod, number of seeds per pod and number of seeds per plant and weight of seeds per plant were recorded. Supplemental UV-B exposure consistently decreased the entire yield components per plant basis, decreasing the pod number by 40 to 66.66 %, pod weight by 23.87 to 68.02 %, pod length by 6.14 to 48.21%, seed number by 30.76 to 86.20 % and seed mass by 49.17 to 89.98 %. However, number of seeds produced per pod by COFC-8, COVU-2 and PUDUVAI levelled with control. Harvest index was the least in CW-122 (-68.25 %) after UV-B treatment. KM-1 and CO-3 topped the list (-13.52 to -14.19 %) followed by CO-1 (-42.28 %) under UV-B. UV-B stressed COFC-8, COVU-1, CO-6, VAMBAN, PUDUVAI and COVU-2 occupied next positions (-42.94 to -62.80 %).
Clinical importance of intraperitoneal pressure in peritoneal dialysis and measures to counteract its effect on net ultrafiltration.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Experiments in animals and in humans have shown that fluid loss from the peritoneal cavity to the body increases with large increments in the intraperitoneal hydrostatic pressure (IPP). We have demonstrated previously that much of this fluid loss occurs to the abdominal wall and is driven by the hydrostatic pressure gradient (i.p. pressure-skin pressure) that develops across the wall whenever therapeutic or pathologic volumes of fluid reside in the cavity. We hypothesized that eliminating the pressure difference across the wall by applying an equal and opposite pressure [abdominal counterpressure (ACP)] would decrease fluid movement into the wall and decrease fluid movement from the cavity. In addition, we hypothesized that net ultrafiltration or net fluid recovery would increase with ACP. To address these hypotheses, we dialyzed rats for 3 hours in the supine position at constant levels of IPP (4, 6, and 8 cmH2O) with isotonic or hypertonic dialysis solutions containing a protein marker of fluid movement. We measured total fluid loss, fluid marker concentration in the abdominal wall, and lymph flow. In separate animals, we repeated the experiments with ACP. Total fluid loss as determined by protein clearance and fluid marker deposition in the abdominal wall was decreased in all experiments. Lymph flow was unchanged by ACP. While ACP increased the net fluid recovery in isotonic dialysis, no change was observed in the hypertonic case. Analogous experiments were carried out in six dialysis patients with or without ACP during a 4-hour dialysis with 1.5% dextrose solution performed in the supine position at i.p. hydrostatic pressure of 4-6 cmH2O. No significant difference was noted in the measured net ultrafiltration between control and ACP studies. We conclude that the careful application of ACP does decrease fluid loss (particularly to the abdominal wall) during isotonic or hypertonic dialysis in the rat. However, ACP results in improved fluid recovery only with isotonic dialysis in rats and has no effect on the recovery of fluid during peritoneal dialysis in humans.
PRIMARY SPLENIC LYMPHOMA: CAN TRUCUT BIOPSY AND R-CHOP SUPERSEDE SPLENECTOMY?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Primary Splenic lymphoma is a rare type of Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the spleen with or without splenic hilar lymph nodes with preservation of other organ systems. In this case, we encountered a patient who presented with fever of unknown origin since 25 days and was diagnosed with Primary splenic lymphoma based on a tru cut biopsy which was then confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Patient was treated with Chemotherapy alone and showed no recurrence after 6 months of follow up. The aim of reporting this case is to have a high index of suspicion for rare malignancies like PSL in cases of FUO. Contrary to the current guidelines, use of trucut biopsy can be used as a promising investigation to diagnose PSL and treatment with chemotherapy with R-CHOP regimen alone prevented recurrence of the tumour. Investigations like PET-CT which have 100% accuracy in diagnosing PSL can reduce the number of operative procedures like splenectomy used for its diagnosis and treatment.