jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Melatonin as biological response modifier in cancer patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The neuroendocrine system modulates the immune response through neuropeptides and neurohormones, findings which point to the existence of a neuro-endocrine-immune system regulatory axis. At the same time, there is growing evidence that the pineal gland has anti-neoplastic properties, which include the action of its principal hormone, melatonin (MLT), on the immune system through the release of cytokines by activated T-cells and monocytes. The present study was carried out on 31 patients (19 males and 12 females, age range 46-73 years) with advanced solid tumors (7 gastric, 9 enteric, 8 renal, 5 bladder, 2 prostate) who either failed to respond to chemotherapy and radiotherapy or showed insignificant responses and were therefore shifted to MLT therapy (10 mg/die orally for 3 months). We obtained blood samples just before the start of MLT administration and after 30 days of therapy. Plasma was collected in EDTA tubes on ice, immediately centrifuged at 4 degrees C and stored frozen at -80 degrees C; samples were measured by immunoradiometric assays (Medgenix-Fleurus, Belgium) for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF), interleukin-1, 2 and 6 (IL-1, IL-2, IL-6) and interferon gamma (IFN). We used Student's paired t-test to compare each patient's cytokine circulating levels before and after MLT administration and found a significant differences (p < 0.05). After 3 months of therapy, none of our patients displayed adverse reactions to MLT or had to discontinue treatment. Nineteen patients (61%) showed disease progression. The other 12 (39%), however, achieved disease stabilization with no further growth of either the primary tumor or of secondaries; moreover, they experienced an improvement in their general well-being, in terms of Tchekmedyian's criteria, associated with a significative decrease of IL-6 circulating levels. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that MLT modulates immune function in cancer patients by activating the cytokine system which exerts growth-inhibitory properties over a wide range of tumor cell types. Furthermore, by stimulating the cytotoxic activity of macrophages and monocytes, MLT plays a critical role in host defence against the progression of neoplasia.
Introduction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract There are two common responses to skepticism, the epistemological claim that knowledge is at least non-existent and perhaps also unachievable, and both are to be avoided. So I argue here. The first response is to succumb to it, trying then to find some adequate basis for life that foregoes presumptions of knowledge. The second response is dismissive, viewing it as an overwrought, hyperbolic response to human limitations, so wrongheaded that nothing beyond a laconic response is needed before returning to important philosophical tasks. This chapter will contend that the first response is much too often premature, and the second response is much too often cavalier.
Aplikasi Pakan Kaya Karotenoid Hasil Fusi ProtoplasmIntergenera Dunaliella salina dan Chlorella vulgaris pada Udang Windu (Penaeus monodon F.) Stadia PL-20 Di Desa Asempapan, Pati, Jawa Tengah

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Dunaliella salina and Chlorella vulgaris is a natural feed microalgae with high carotenoid content that can be increased using protoplast fusion technique. Protoplast fusion as one of the application fields of genetic engineering is a method for obtaining recombinant with the desired properties and profitable in a short time. This study aimed to see the effect of the addition of carotenoid-rich feed results from protoplast fusion recombinant D. salina and C. vulgaris on the survival rate and weight of shrimp post larvae. Mixed fusion results feed and artificial feed needed for the growth of post-larval shrimp, moulting and skin pigmentation. The results showed that the recombinant from protoplast fusion intergenera D. salina and C. vulgaris contains carotenoid pigments higher, reaching 124.6 mg / g bks from the second parent, namely D. salina reached 101.83 mg / g bks, while C. vulgaris 97.18 ug / g bks. Feed manufacturing is done by mixing pellets and 80-100x103 cells per 0.0225 g of feed. Application of feed carried on Penaeus monodon F. (tiger prawn) stadia PL-20 for a month. The results of weight measurements showed the highest prawn post larvae reached at artificial feeding plus recombinant protoplast fusion results intergenera D. salina and C. vulgaris and was able to raise the level of post-larval shrimp survival rate reached 88%. Keywords: D. salina, C. vulgaris, Protoplast Fusion, Carotenoid, Penaeus monodon F.
ON THE PARADOXES ASSOCIATED WITH A CHANGE IN THE REFERENCE SYSTEM

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In 1905, Einstein’s fundamental article [1] was published, the fundamental laws of the theory of relativity were discovered, including the clock paradox. These discoveries led to revolutionary changes in physics, including astrophysics. We show the close relationship of this discipline with the so-called quantum nonlocality. It manifests itself in the highlighted role of the light cone, in the concepts of precedence and correlation between distant events, in the ideas of long-range and short-range interactions, in the paradoxes of quantum interactions at a distance, in apparent violations of causality during the birth of black holes, in the instantaneous occurrence of inertial forces arising in accordance with Mach’s principle.
Patients' experience of violence within mental health systems: The need for further research

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The aim of this article is to outline the need for systematic research into experiences of violence among patients of mental health services. Most of the literature on violence in mental health systems has concentrated on mentally ill people as perpetrators of violence. We examined the origins of this emphasis. We conducted a literature search using Medline between the periods 1978–1999 and searched relevant publications from the papers reviewed. We found a paucity of published research on patients' experience of being victims, perpetrators or witnesses of violence within mental health services. More information is needed about patients' perspectives of what precipftates violence and the impact being labelled as violent has on patients. We recommend the adaptation of qualitative methodologies for exploring patients' experience of violence, the impacts of violence on victims and the effects of being labelled as a perpetrator of violence. This recommendation is based on there being a shortage of existing data on the topic, the experiential nature of such research, the strong need to reduce investigator bias and expected lack of co‐operation from patients participating in such studies. Qualitative methodology is known to yield better quality data in such situations. The challenges of using qualitative methodolgy in such research are examined.
The Painful Knee: Arthroscopy or MR Imaging?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

While neither arthroscopy nor magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is perfect, both can delineate pathologic changes in the knee with reasonable accuracy. The greatest advantage of MR imaging is that it is noninvasive and can be used to detect pathologic changes both inside and outside the synovial cavity. Arthroscopy has the distinct advantage of allowing definitive treatment at the time of diagnosis in most cases, but carries with it the potential risks associated with any invasive diagnostic technique. Both modalities are expensive, and their judicious use is therefore dictated, especially in this era of cost containment. The decision to use one or both studies is best made by the orthopaedic surgeon.
Stability of polypyrrole soft actuators in ionic liquids

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Characteristics of electrochemomechanical deformation (ECMD) of polypyrrole films using ionic liquids are reported. The PPy film prepared by electrodeposition in an ionic liquid (1-Butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluorometylsulfonyl)imide, BMPTFSI) was compact and high density. The other film prepared from LiTSFI/methyl benzoate and dimethyl phthalate mixed solvents was porous and low density. Both films demonstrated a stable ECMD in the ionic liquid. The strain of ECMD was 3-5% and superimposed on a creeping, showing a typical behaviour of cation movement. The Strains of ECMD in both films operated in a mixed electrolyte of BMPTFSI and propylene carbonate were enhanced up to 17- 25 %, showing anion movement. However, the large strain decreased upon several electrochemical cycles. The results were discussed in terms of swelling of the PPy film by solvents and loss of electrochemical activity.
Fragment-Based Library\nGeneration for the Discovery\nof a Peptidomimetic p53-Mdm4 Inhibitor

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

On\nthe basis of our recently resolved first cocrystal structure\nof Mdm4 in complex with a small molecule inhibitor (PDB ID 3LBJ), we devised an\napproach for the generation of potential Mdm4 selective ligands. We\nperformed the Ugi four-component reaction (Ugi-4CR) in 96-well plates\nwith an indole fragment, which is specially designed to mimic Trp23,\na key amino acid for the interaction between p53 and Mdm4. Generally\nthe reaction yielded mostly precipitates collected by 96-well filter\nplates. The best hit compound was found to be active and selective\nfor Mdm4 (<i>K</i><sub>i</sub> = 5 μM, 10-fold stronger\nthan Mdm2). This initial hit may serve as the starting point for designing\nselective p53-Mdm4 inhibitor with higher affinity.
Croton Tiglium Extract Induces Apoptosis via Bax/Bcl-2 Pathways in Human Lung Cancer A549 Cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: To investigate the impact of a Croton tiglium extract on cellular proliferation and apoptosis in a nonsmall cell lung cancer cell line (A549) in vitro. Methods: A Croton tiglium seed methanol extract was prepare and assessed for effects on A549 cells regarding cellular proliferation, apoptotic rates, and expression of apoptosis related genes and proteins using real-time PCR and immunofluorescence. Results: The tested Croton tiglium extract inhibited A549 cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with significant elevation of apoptotic indexes at various concentrations after 24 h. In addition, rates in both early and late stages were higher in treated than untreated groups, the 100 μg/ml dose causing the highest levels of apoptosis. RT-PCR showed that A549 cells treated with 100 μg/ml Croton tiglium extract for 24 h has markedly higher Bax mRNA expression levels and obviously lower Bcl-2 expression levels than controls, equivalent results being observed for proteins by immunofluorescence. However, the mRNA expression levels of Fas and caspase-8 were not significantly altered. Conclusion: A Croton tiglium extract can inhibit proliferation of A549 cells and promote apoptosis though Bax/Bcl-2 pathways.
Geometry Reconstruction and Finite Element Modelling of Porcine Knee Joint

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Arthritis is a leading cause of disability in North America. It is believed to be associated with the abnormal contact mechanics of articular cartilage. Contact analyses are widely used to determine the mechanical interplays among the different tissues in the joint. Animal joints are often used to validate a computational model and understand human joint mechanics. The objectives of this research are to construct the geometry of the porcine stifle joint using a combined CT and automated indentation mapping method, and build a finite element model in ABAQUS to determine the joint mechanics. The porcine knee joint model were reconstructed using MATLAB and Rhinoceros. A knee compression was simulated with ABAQUS, which considered fluid pressure and flow in articular cartilages and menisci. The reaction predicted by the model generally agrees with the measurements from laboratory tests, which partially validates the modelling methodology.
Diagnosed Characteristics of Precipitation Systems over Taiwan during the May–June 1987 TAMEX

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Characteristics of Mei-Yu precipitating cloud systems over Taiwan during the May–June 1987 Taiwan Area Mesoscale Experiment (TAMEX) have been studied using sounding, surface precipitation, and radar data. Vertical motion has been computed over the island at 6-h intervals from 13 May to 15 June using a modification of the kinematic method that takes into account the mountainous lower boundary within a four-station sounding polygon. Two primary characteristics of the precipitation have been found. First, the major rainfall event were linked to the passage of midlatitude disturbances and typically consisted of both deep convective and stratiform components. Deep convection was primarily prefrontal or frontal, while the stratiform precipitation was postfrontal, presumably in association with overrunning and orographic lifting. Second, there was a pronounced diurnal variability in the rainfall. Vertical motion, heating (Q1), and moistening (Q2) profiles have been used to define the character of the precipitating systems. During periods of deep convection (as indicated by radar and surface rainfall measurements), a separation of the Q1 and Q2 peaks is observed, whereas at times of stratiform precipitation, the Q1 and Q1 peaks are nearly coincident. The findings for Taiwan generally support those of Luo and Yanai, indicating a predominance of stratiform rainfall over the entire southern China and Yangtze regions (including Taiwan) during the Mei-Yu; however, they also suggest that in at least a portion of this region (Taiwan), precipitation may consist of a mixture of deep convective and stratiform components. The occurrence of coincident Q1 and Q1 peaks in the mid- to lower troposphere (600–800 mb) during moderate-to-heavy stratiform rain events indicates the importance of shallow cold-frontal and/or stable orographic lifting. Thus, it appears that in the Taiwan area, heavy rain in stable situations may depend critically on low-level forcing mechanisms. The evolution of the sea breeze, the development of the afternoon mixed layer, and the diurnal cycle of Q1 and Q1 have been examined on a synoptically undisturbed day (24 May) when afternoon thunderstorms occurred over Taiwan. Moistening of the boundary layer by the daytime sea breeze was evident. A high-level heating peak and a midtropospheric drying peak were observed in the afternoon in association with the sea breeze and deep convection. In the evening, heating and drying aloft and cooling and moistening at low levels occurred, suggestive of stratiform precipitation during the decaying stage of the convection.
Data from Inhibition of Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated and RAD3-Related (<i>ATR</i>) Overcomes Oxaliplatin Resistance and Promotes Antitumor Immunity in Colorectal Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Although many patients with colorectal cancer initially respond to the chemotherapeutic agent oxaliplatin, acquired resistance to this treatment remains a major challenge to the long-term management of this disease. To identify molecular targets of oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer, we performed an shRNA-based loss-of-function genetic screen using a kinome library. We found that silencing of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated and RAD3-related (ATR), a serine/threonine protein kinase involved in the response to DNA stress, restored oxaliplatin sensitivity in a cellular model of oxaliplatin resistance. Combined application of the ATR inhibitor VE-822 and oxaliplatin resulted in strong synergistic effects in six different colorectal cancer cell lines and their oxaliplatin-resistant subclones, promoted DNA single- and double-strand break formation, growth arrest, and apoptosis. This treatment also increased replicative stress, cytoplasmic DNA, and signals related to immunogenic cell death such as calreticulin exposure and HMGB1 and ATP release. In a syngeneic colorectal cancer mouse model, combined administration of VE-822 and oxaliplatin significantly increased survival by promoting antitumor T-cell responses. Finally, a DNA repair gene signature discriminated sensitive from drug-resistant patients with colorectal cancer. Overall, our results highlight the potential of ATR inhibition combined with oxaliplatin to sensitize cells to chemotherapy as a therapeutic option for patients with colorectal cancer.</p>Significance:<p>These findings demonstrate that resistance to oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer cells can be overcome with inhibitors of ATR and that combined treatment with both agents exerts synergistic antitumor effects.</p></div>
The effects of increased heart work on the tricarboxylate cycle and its interactions with glycolysis in the perfused rat heart

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

1. The work of the perfused rat heart was acutely increased by raising the aortic pressure in the Langendorff preparation from 50 to 120mmHg; within 1 min in perfusions with media containing glucose or glucose+acetate, rates of oxygen consumption and tricarboxylate-cycle turnover increased 2.5-fold, glycolysis rate doubled and oxidation of triglyceride fatty acid was strikingly enhanced. 2. Increased cardiac work had no significant effects on the heart concentrations of creatine phosphate, ATP, ADP or 5′-AMP. The only significant changes in tricarboxylate-cycle intermediates were a decrease in malate in perfusions with glucose and decreases in acetyl-CoA and citrate and an increase in aspartate in perfusions with glucose+acetate. 3. Measurements of intracellular concentrations of hexose phosphates, glucose and glycogen indicated that work accelerated glycolysis by activation of phosphofructokinase and subsequently hexokinase; the activation could not be accounted for by changes in the known effectors of phosphofructokinase. 4. Acetate at either perfusion pressure increased heart concentrations of acetyl-CoA, citrate, glutamate and malate and decreased that of aspartate; acetate increased tricarboxylate-cycle turnover by 50–60% and inhibited glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation. 5. In view of the markedly different effects of acetate and of cardiac work on the concentrations of cycle intermediates the changes that accompany acetate utilization may be specifically concerned with the regulatory functions of the cycle in control of glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation and not with the associated increase in cycle turnover. It is suggested that the concentrations of key metabolites controlling the rate of cycle turnover may fluctuate with each heart beat and that this may explain why no significant changes (for example, in adenine nucleotide concentrations) have been detected with increased work in the present study.
A Study for Key Generation and Access Control Protocol in BYOD Environments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

스마트 기기 사용자의 증가와 통신 기술 발전으로 시간과 장소에 제약 없이 업무환경에 대한 영역이 확대되고 있다. 사용자 개인의 장비를 활용하여 업무에 도입되어지고 있으며, 이를 BYOD(Bring Your On Device)라고 한다. 하지만 기존의 무선 환경에서 발생하고 있는 보안위협에 취약하며, 기업 내부에 의한 중요 정보 유출, 사용자 부주의로 인한 단말기 분실/도난 등으로 인하여 보안취약점이 이슈화 되고 있다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 BYOD환경에서 사용자 정보 기반으로 세션 키를 생성하여 사용자 권한에 따른 접근 제어 프로토콜에 관하여 연구하였다. 사용자 정보 및 사용자 기기 정보를 기반으로 세션 키를 생성하였으며, 이후 접근제어 프로토콜을 설계하였다. 제안하는 프로토콜은 BYOD 환경 및 무선 랜 환경에서 발생할 수 있는 공격으로부터 보호할 수 있고, 사용자 권한을 관리하여 기업 내부의 중요 콘텐츠 유출로부터 보안 요구사항과 안전성을 강화하였다. Depending on the smart device user growth and development of communication technology, the area about working environment was extended without constraints of time and places. It is introducing to work using user's devices and this environment is called 'BYOD(Bring Your On Device)'. But it is vulnerable to security threat that happened in existing wireless environment and its security threat issue which is caused by inside information leak by an inside job and lost or stolen terminal which is caused by careless user is getting heated. So we studied about access control protocol by user rights under the BYOD situation make a session key based on the user information. We make a session key based on the user information and user device information, after that we design an access control protocol. The protocol we suggest can protect from attack under the BYOD situation and wireless communication situation and also safety and security requirement from inside information leak because it controls user rights.
Failure mechanism of solidification cracks in semiconductor laser packaging

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this work, we experimentally investigate the defect mechanisms in spot-welding technique for receptacle laser packaging. Results obtained from the stainless-to-kovar joints show that the surface cracks are eliminated by reducing the gold thickness from the kovar before welding, while the centerline cracks in the fusion zone are eliminated by the air gap tightness between the kovar and stainless. The low solubility of gold in the kovar and the large air gap between the joints are identified as the mechanisms for surface and centerline cracks, respectively. A reduction of post-weld-shift (PWS) technique in laser packaging is also presented on the basis of a detailed understanding of the welded joint quality and the defect mechanisms in the laser welding process. Preliminary reliability data demonstrated that these laser packages, which do not have hole and crack defects in the welded joints, are reliable.
PROFESSIONAL COMMITMENT OF ACCOUNTANT AND THE COMMITMENT OF PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMS ON AUDITOR’S JOB SATISFACTION

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The Public Accounting Firms (PAFs) have notoptimally met their user’s expectation in providing high quality auditings services. Many financial scandals that involve public accounting practitioners are still occurring. They make users of auditing service confuse about integrity of Certified Public Accountants. This study aims to obtain empirical evidences in evaluating of the extent to which the professional commitment of accountant and organizational PAFs commitmenaffecton auditor’s job satisfaction. This studyusesan explanatory surveymethod, althoughits detailsalso contain some descriptions, however because it is a relational research, its focus lay on relational explanations among verificative variables. Some operationalized variables are included in this study, consisting ofprofessionalcommitment, organizational commitment, and job satisfactionthat paymore fundamental emphasis on their indicators. Datawere collected throughquestionnaire distributionto targetedrespondents, as well aslimitedinterviewsor documentary studies as additional efforts to obtain explanatory elements from survey findings. Analytical units in this study involved the Public Accounting Firms (PAFs) in Indonesia with total population as 417 PAFs. Samplings by a simple proportional randomized method in 79PAFs with 347 accountants as responding target weresent questionnaires. Data analytical and testing methods were carried out by the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis. The research findings showed that professional commitment of accountants and commitment of the PAFs organization affects auditor’s job satisfaction, both simultaneously or partially.