jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Novel Membrane-associated Metalloprotease, Ste24p, Is Required for the First Step of NH2-terminal Processing of the Yeast a-Factor Precursor

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Many secreted bioactive signaling molecules, including the yeast mating pheromones a-factor and α-factor, are initially synthesized as precursors requiring multiple intracellular processing enzymes to generate their mature forms. To identify new gene products involved in the biogenesis of a-factor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we carried out a screen for MATa-specific, mating-defective mutants. We have identified a new mutant, ste24, in addition to previously known sterile mutants. During its biogenesis in a wild-type strain, the a-factor precursor undergoes a series of COOH-terminal CAAX modifications, two sequential NH2-terminal cleavage events, and export from the cell. Identification of the a-factor biosynthetic intermediate that accumulates in the ste24 mutant revealed that STE24 is required for the first NH2-terminal proteolytic processing event within the a-factor precursor, which takes place after COOH-terminal CAAX modification is complete. The STE24 gene product contains multiple predicted membrane spans, a zinc metalloprotease motif (HEXXH), and a COOH-terminal ER retrieval signal (KKXX). The HEXXH protease motif is critical for STE24 activity, since STE24 fails to function when conserved residues within this motif are mutated. The identification of Ste24p homologues in a diverse group of organisms, including Escherichia coli, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Haemophilus influenzae, and Homo sapiens, indicates that Ste24p has been highly conserved throughout evolution. Ste24p and the proteins related to it define a new subfamily of proteins that are likely to function as intracellular, membrane-associated zinc metalloproteases.
Do dinoflagellates contain a Cdc2-like protein kinase?

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A protein present in extracts of the dinoflagellate Gonyaulax that was capable of binding an antibody directed against the conserved Cdc2 kinase epitope EGVPSTAIREISLLKE was characterized by Western blot analysis and DNA sequencing and shown not to encode a Cdc2 kinase. The amount, size, and isoelectric point of the immunoreactive species were invariant over a 24-hour period (encompassing S and M phases), and the DNA sequence of a cDNA isolated by immunologic screening showed that no conserved kinase regions were present in the deduced amino acid sequence. A method based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using primers designed from conserved regions in the Cdc2 kinases, was also unsuccessful in isolating a cdc2 gene homologue, although other kinases were identified.
Association of Diarrhea Outcomes with Drinking Water Factors, Sanitation, Hygiene, and Malaria Practices in the Population of Béré, Chad

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Chad, one of the poorest Sub-Saharan Central African countries, has one of the worst global diarrhea burdens. Project 21 seeks to enhance community health in the rural town of Béré, Chad but it is lacking. The study aims to determine diarrhea outcomes and associated factors, such as drinking water, malaria, sanitation and hygiene resources and practices, in Béré. A survey questionnaire was administered by trained community health workers using a random sampling method. The respondents (n = 484) are predominantly Nangtchéré (87%) evangelical (63%) males (88%) aged between 40–59 years old (43%) with secondary school education level (37%) or 8 years of school on average, from nuclear families (78%) with seven members on average, and of medium housing standard (56%). Drinking water treatment, transport and storage (p < 0.001), malaria related factors (p < 0.001), sanitation and hygiene practices (p < 0.001), children diarrhea experience, and treatment (p < 0.001) are predictors of diarrhea outcomes in adults. Also, factors related to drinking water transport, treatment and storage (p < 0.001), malaria (p < 0.001), health advice source (p < 0.001), sanitation and hygiene (p < 0.001), adult diarrhea experiences, and treatment (p < 0.001) are predictors of children diarrhea outcomes. Future interventions targeting the above factors are warranted.
SH2684230.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Cloning and preliminary analysis of promoter of rice glycosyl hydrolase gene GB27.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A glycosyl hydrolase gene GH27 which was associated with rice senescence was identified by bioinformation technology.The expression level of GH27 increased in late senescent leaves through Northern blot analysis which indicated the promoter PGH27 may be senescence specific.PGH27 was cloned using PCR method,and the sequence was analyzed.An expression vector containing the PGH27:GUS fusion gene was constructed and transferred into rice varietyZhonghua 11by Agrobacterium-mediated method.A strong expression of GUS was observed in both transgenic calli and senescing leaves.
Dynamic recruitment of UFM1-specific peptidase 2 to the DNA double-strand breaks regulated by WIP1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The ufmylation ligase-UFL1 promotes ATM activation by monoufmylating H4 at K31 in a positive-feedback loop after double-strand breaks (DSB) occur, whereas UFM1 Specific Peptidase 2 (UfSP2) suppresses ATM activation, but the mechanism of recruitment of UfSP2 to the DSB finetuning DNA damage response is still not clear. Here, we report that UfSP2 foci formation is delayed compared to UFL1 foci formation following the radiation insult. Mechanistically, UfSP2 binds to the MRN complex in absence of DSB. Irradiation-induced phosphorylation of UfSP2 by ATM leads to the dissociation of UfSP2 from the MRN complex. This phosphorylation can be removed by the phosphatase WIP1, thereby UfSP2 is recruited to the DSBs, deufmylating H4 and suppressing ATM activation. In summary, we identify a mechanism of delicately negative modulation of ATM activation by UfSP2 and rewires ATM activation pathways.
Optimum design for an incomplete second degree mixture model

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Mixture experiments form an important part of research in areas like pharmaceutical, biometrics, agriculture, etc. Optimum mixture designs have been derived by many authors for mixture models due to Scheffé (1958) and others. In most of these models, there is no discrimination among the components. However, in practice, the situation may be quite different. In this paper, we have considered a situation where some but not all of the interaction terms are present. Optimum designs have been determined for the estimation of parameters of a second degree model. Finally, optimum designs for prediction have also been considered.
Profile of Triacylglycerols, Phenols, and Vitamin E of Manjari Medika Grape Seed Oil and Cake: Introducing a Novel Indian Variety

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The aim of the study is to investigate the biochemical composition of grapeseed oil and cake from an unexplored Indian grape‐juice cultivar, Manjari Medika (MM). The composition of oil and residual seed cake is evaluated using various chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. The findings demonstrate that the vitamin E content of MM‐seed oil (1.15–1.35 g kg −1 ) is distinctively higher than the Codex standard, suggesting its superior quality as an edible oil. The predominant triacylglycerols include trilinolein (LLL, 43%), dilinoleoyl‐stearylglycerol (LSL, 19%), and dilinoleoyl‐palmitoylglycerol (LLP, 11%), which are earlier recognized as natural antioxidants. The seed‐cake is rich in polyphenols including acylated anthocyanins (e.g., pelargonidin‐3‐ O ‐coumaroyl glucoside) and certain other flavonoids (e.g., catechin). The profile of phytonutrients in MM seed‐oil and cake is significantly superior to its seeded female parent and two other widely cultivated wine‐grape varieties. In brief, the studied by‐products of this new grape‐juice cultivar can be an important source of high‐value ingredients for use in food supplements, nutraceuticals, and functional foods. Practical applications : This study reports the phytochemical profile of the seed‐oil and seed cake derived from a newly developed grape variety, Manjari Medika. High contents of selective antioxidants: lipids, vitamin E, and phenols in the seed‐oil and cake with health benefits suggest their potential for use in nutraceutical and functional foods. These byproducts can be utilised as ingredients of functional foods and nutraceuticals (e.g., grape seed oil capsule) and also as raw materials in food supply chains (e.g., for production of grape cookies or cake). MM can also be utilized as a colorant in the food industry.
Utilizing Surgical Bootcamps to Teach Core Entrustable Professional Activities to Senior Medical Students

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

To promote residency preparedness, the Association of American Medical Colleges defined 13 core entrustable professional activities for entering residency (CEPAERs), which represent tasks that students should be able to perform on day one of residency. At the authors’ institution, a four-week surgery boot camp course is offered to senior medical students, which may provide an effective mechanism for teaching the CEPAERs. Nine senior students participating in a surgery boot camp course were subjected to pre- and post-course surveys. Student expectations were closely aligned with the CEPAERs. Competence was demonstrated in all CEPAERs; however, four students did require remediation with Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support before achieving competence. In the “death on the wards module,” we found a significant increase in student confidence (19.78, SD 1.47, P > 0.05 vs 31.56, SD 1.49, P < 0.01) and knowledge (16.11, SD 1.32, P > 0.05 vs 31.33, SD 2.04, P < 0.01). In a one-year follow-up survey, all participants agreed that the boot camp course was useful and positively impacted their intern year. Surgical boot camp courses provide an effective and reproducible means for teaching the CEPAERs and was found useful in preparing medical students for residency.
The Infection of the Japanese Encephalitis Virus SA14-14-2 Strain Induces Lethal Peripheral Inflammatory Responses in IFNAR Deficiency Mice

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a leading cause of mosquito-borne viral encephalitis worldwide. Clinical symptoms other than encephalitis, on the other hand, are substantially more prevalent with JEV infection, demonstrating the relevance of peripheral pathophysiology. We studied the peripheral immunopathogenesis of JEV using IFNAR deficient (IFNAR-/-) mice infected with the SA14-14-2 strain under the BSL-2. The body weight and survival rate of infected-IFNAR-/-mice decreased significantly. Infected-IFNAR-/-mice's liver and spleen demonstrated obvious tissue damage and inflammatory cell infiltration. There was also extensive viral replication in the organs. IFN-α/β protein expression was dramatically elevated in peripheral tissues and serum, although the related interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) remained low in the spleen and liver of infected-IFNAR-/-animals. Consistently, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis using RNA-sequencing of spleens showed inflammatory cytokines upregulation, such as IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1, and IFN-γ associated cytokine storm. The infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils in the spleen and liver of SA14-14-2-infected IFNAR-/- mice was dramatically elevated. However, there was no significant difference in tissue damage, viral multiplication, or the production of IFNα/β and inflammatory cytokines in the brain. Infection with the JEV SA14-14-2 strain resulted in a lethal peripheral inflammatory response and organ damage without encephalitis in IFNAR-/- mice. Our findings may help shed light on the peripheral immunopathogenesis associated with clinical JEV infection and aid in developing treatment options.
MSP-CACRR: Multidimensional Sequential Patterns Based Call Admission Control and Resource Reservation for Next-Generation Wireless Cellular Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose and evaluate a multidimensional sequential pattern (MSP) based CAC and RR technique called MSP-CACRR technique which is designed for next generation of cellular networks. MSP-CACRR is based on an efficient multidimensional sequence mining approach called MobilePrefixSpan and is designed for the wireless cellular networks. MobilePrefixSpan is an extension version of the well-known sequence mining technique PrefixSpan and its multidimensional sequences version. The spatial, temporal, and usage information are used in MobilePrefixSpan to extract the movement patterns of mobile users. Simulation was conducted to study the effect of each of these dimensions on the network performance. Simulation results show that the proposed MSP-CACRR technique uses the mobility patterns effectively to enhance the performance of cellular networks
Curriculum, Archives, and the Digital Turn: The Italian American Experience and the Transnational Approach to Community-Based Learning

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article documents an experience of integration of archives into the Italian curriculum that offers substantiating evidence for the establishment of a transnational curricular space at the intersection of Italian Studies and Italian Diaspora Studies. In detailing the growing prevalence of archival undergraduate research at Santa Clara University during the Covid-19 pandemic, I respond to a call for increased interdisciplinarity within US-based Italian programs through a distinct Italian model of Community-Based Learning that leverages relationships with virtual and “bricks & mortar” archives of the Italian diasporic experience. The documented experience reveals the versatility of this framework, highlighting multiple pathways of implementation that encompass both curricular and co-curricular dimensions. Three pivotal areas of intersection emerge: the role of students as mediators operating within an asynchronous dynamic between diasporic and ethnic communities; the integration of language learning and linguistic mediation; the utilization of digital platforms to amplify the reach of students’ narratives to wider audiences. At its core, the proposed framework is driven to a commitment to fostering productive dialogues for social change within Transnational Italian Studies.
Investigation of ion binding in ionic polysaccharide solutions using Tb(III) as a luminescent probe

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The luminescence properties of a series of lanthanide‐substituted ionic polysaccharides have been examined in an attempt to learn about the nature of interactions between the metalions and the polymers. Emission and excitation spectra were obtained for Tb(III) complexes with carboxymethyl cellulose, Sclerox S‐1.0, alginate, polygalacturonic acid, amylose sulfate, dextran sulfate, and i‐carrageenan. Studies of the chirality associated with the metal‐ion binding sites were performed through the use of circularly polarized luminescence spectroscopy. It was learned that the lanthanide ions could form complexes with polysaccharides in the electrostatic manner of polyelectrolytes, and that specific ligating groups could further influence the metal‐ion binding characteristics.
9788855185844.pdf

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The volume concludes a multi-year study conceived and carried out by the Museo del Tessuto of Prato, which involved public bodies and cultural institutions in the city motivated by the desire to see one of the identifying products of the Prato textile district returned to contemporary life: its cloth. The idea to experimentally reconstruct the cloth arose from the study of some documents of the Datini Fund, a unique archival complex in the world for historical and economic studies on the Middle Ages. The collective and interdisciplinary project is documented in a volume created in collaboration with the International Institute of Economic History “F. Datini”. The historical contributions on the manufacturing and commercial management of the Datini cloth are followed by a second part that documents the study and experimentation phases of its reconstruction.
The Paradox of Visibility

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Black America is not present, as it should be, in the literature on US soft power. This paper argues that Black culture exerts a powerful positive attraction abroad. This attraction, grounded in the forms of Black resistance to racial injustice, leads to a reconceptualization of America’s identity, by foreign audiences. A counter claim of what counts as “America” takes shape. The rethinking of America’s identity abroad responds to the appeal of the legacy of Black resistance. However, Black culture is, more often, unavailable to policymakers for garnering desired outcomes. Incorporating Black culture into the study of soft power helps sharpen the concept’s definition and points to when and why some forms of soft power are unavailable to decision makers.
A case for evidence-based road-safety delivery

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A change from a system of road-safety delivery rooted in opinion, intuition, and folklore to one that is founded in science and based on factual knowledge is underway. Change, as always, faces obstacles. The main obstacle is the near absence of professionals who can be the carriers and providers of factual road-safety knowledge. The second important obstacle is the weakness of the knowledge in which these professionals would have to be trained. Both obstacles stem from the same source; in a society in which it is acceptable to deliver road safety on the basis of opinion, intuition, and folklore, there is little demand for factual knowledge and for carriers thereof. Therefore, the most urgently needed change of road-safety culture is to make intuition-based road-safety delivery socially unacceptable. Much of the present content is based on an earlier paper (Hauer 2005). The uncertain trumpet The Safety Culture Backgrounder (March 30, 2006) placed on the web by the Foundation puts it bluntly: First, that it is not acceptable for 40,000 Americans to die on the road year-after-year. Second, that the customary lip-service response to bad publicity will not get us very far. Third, that a change in safety culture is needed. The culture to be changed is of the “collective acceptance of and/or complacency over the toll of crashes”; the change is “to elevate the place of traffic safety on the national agenda... and motivate U.S. decision makers and motorists to acknowledge traffic safety as a legitimate priority.” Suppose for a dreamy moment that the motorists made their desire for change forcefully known, and that, as a result, top decision-makers made road-safety a much higher priority. In this dream, there is now more money for road-safety. What would we do with the money to reduce the present toll of crashes? Should we put more police on the road? Add lanes to reduce congestion?
Nonpharmacological interventions for cognitive impairments following primary progressive aphasia: A systematic review of the literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT This study provided a systematic review on nonpharmacological interventions applied to patients diagnosed with Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) and its variants: Semantic (SPPA), Nonfluent (NFPPA) and Logopenic (LPPA) to establish evidence-based recommendations for the clinical practice of cognitive rehabilitation for these patients. Methods: A PubMed and LILACS literature search with no time restriction was conducted with the keywords PPA (and its variants) AND rehabilitation OR training OR intervention OR therapy OR treatment OR effectiveness. To develop its evidence-based recommendations, a research committee identified questions to be addressed and determined the level of evidence for each study according to published criteria (Cicerone et al., 2000). Overall evidence for treatments was summarized and recommendations were derived. Results: Our search retrieved articles published from 1995 to 2013: 21 for SPPA, 8 for NFPPA, 3 for LPPA and 8 for PPA with no specification. Thirty-five studies were rated as Class III, consisting of studies with results obtained from one or more single-cases and that used appropriate single-subject methods with adequate quantification and analysis of results. The level of evidence of three functional interventions could not be established. One study was rated as Class II and consisted of a nonrandomized case-control investigation. Conclusion: Positive results were reported in all reviewed studies. However, in order to be recommended, some investigation regarding the intervention efficacy was required. Results of the present review allows for recommendation of some nonpharmacological interventions for cognitive deficits following PPA as Practice Options. Suggestions for further studies on PPA interventions and future research are discussed.
Knowledge and Practice of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Amongst Doctors and Nurses in Benin City, Nigeria

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In this study, the knowledge and practice of the 2000 CPR guidelines of doctors and nurses in Benin City, Nigeria was evaluated. This cross sectional study was conducted in six health facilities in Benin City. A structured self administered questionnaire was used to test the knowledge and practice of CPR of 145 doctors and nurses in the selected facilities. Of the 145 respondents who filled the questionnaires, 88(60.7%) were doctors and 57(39.3%) were nurses. There was poor knowledge of CPR amongst the respondents. It was significantly poorer amongst nurses than doctors and better amongst younger respondents. Only 73(50.3%) of the respondents would perform mouth to mouth resuscitation while 17(11.7%) respondents were aware of the 2005 guidelines. The observed poor knowledge of CPR and low awareness of the new 2005 CPR guidelines amongst respondents in this study buttresses the need for regular CPR training of health professionals in Nigeria.Keywords: cardiopulmonary resuscitation, doctors, nurses, knowledge, practice