jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Characterization of key aroma‐active compounds in four commercial egg flavor Sachimas with differing egg content

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To characterize the aroma components of Sachima and provide insight into the influence of egg on the flavor of Sachima, the key aroma-active compounds in four commercial egg flavor Sachimas with different egg content, which named Premium, Classical, Whole egg, and Egg yolk, were identified using GC-MS-O analysis, aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) combined with sensory evaluation. In total, 75 volatile compounds were identified by GC-MS, including 26 compounds were revealed of having aroma activities by AEDA/GC-O. The major volatile compounds in Sachima were the aldehydes and heterocyclic compounds. The OAV further revealed the significant activity of eight key aroma-active compounds include 2-methylbutanal, 3-methylbutanal, hexanal, n-propylacetate, 2-pentylfuran, 2-ethylpyrazine, nonanal, and benzaldehyde. The OAV of 2-methylbutanal and 3-methylbutanal were much higher in Premium sample that has the most egg content, than that in other samples, whereas hexanal was the highest in Whole egg samples. The plot analyzed by PLS suggest that the Premium sample with more egg content was shown more complicated flavor than other kind of Sachima. Practical applications Sachima is a type of famous sweet Chinese traditional pastries. The flavor and texture of this kind of pastry were appreciated by all age group, especially for almost all elderly Chinese. Because Sachima is not only a suitable food that easy to chew, but a type of food which filled with childhood memory. Egg flavor of Sachima was always the most popular and classic flavor category. However, the characteristic aroma compounds of Sachima-one of the most important factor of the Sachima's quality-have been still uncovered and had not been identified yet, not to mentioned the comparison between different egg content in Sachima. What's more, GC-MS-O/AEDA analysis has been always a very effect and well-known method for aroma compounds analysis. This study trying to find the contribution of eggs to Sachima and the key aroma-active compounds of Sachima, so as to provide some useful information for practical production and flavor quality improving.
Physicochemical and microbiological characterization, and evaluation of the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of propolis produced in two seasons and two areas of the eastern edge of the Sonoran Desert

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This research determined the effects of season and collection location on the physicochemical quality (instrumental color and proximal chemical analysis) and microbiological properties (mesophilic, psychrotrophic, and Staphylococcus aureus counts) of raw propolis, and the biological activity of propolis extracts. The total phenolic compounds (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were measured, and antioxidant activity was evaluated by the free-radical scavenging activity (FRSA) and reducing power ability (RPA). The antibacterial activity was determined against Gram-positive (S. aureus and Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium). The results showed that the physicochemical and microbiological properties of raw propolis complied with international quality standards. Propolis extracts collected during summer had the greatest effect against S. aureus, and the highest FRSA and RPA, likely because of also possessing the highest TPC and TFC among the extracts. In conclusion, the season and collection location affect the physicochemical properties of propolis, as well as the bioactivity of its extracts.
Wild-Type MIC Distributions and Epidemiological Cutoff Values for Caspofungin and Aspergillus spp. for the CLSI Broth Microdilution Method (M38-A2 Document)

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Clinical breakpoints have not been established for mold testing. Epidemiologic cutoff values (ECVs) are available for six Aspergillus spp. and the triazoles, but not for caspofungin. Wild-type (WT) minimal effective concentration (MEC) distributions (organisms in a species-drug combination with no acquired resistance mechanisms) were defined in order to establish ECVs for six Aspergillus spp. and caspofungin. The number of available isolates was as follows: 1,691 A. fumigatus , 432 A. flavus , 192 A. nidulans , 440 A. niger , 385 A. terreus , and 75 A. versicolor isolates. CLSI broth microdilution MEC data gathered in five independent laboratories in Canada, Europe, and the United States were aggregated for the analyses. ECVs expressed in μg/ml that captured 95% and 99% of the modeled wild-type population were for A. fumigatus 0.5 and 1, A. flavus 0.25 and 0.5, A. nidulans 0.5 and 0.5, A. niger 0.25 and 0.25, A. terreus 0.25 and 0.5, and A. versicolor 0.25 and 0.5. Although caspofungin ECVs are not designed to predict the outcome of therapy, they may aid in the detection of strains with reduced antifungal susceptibility to this agent and acquired resistance mechanisms.
Well-Completion Strategies for Methane Gas Production from Coal Seams Using Simulation

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Natural gas plays an increasingly important role as a clean energy source. It is estimated that 10% of the produced gas comes in the form of methane from coal seams and the contribution of gas from coal is expected to increase to 20% in the next 10 years. There is a need to develop more gas wells that are managed efficiently. The inherent problem is the maximization of production with minimum cost. The maximum production is a function of gas content controlled by the coal properties such as porosity, permeability, pressure, desorption time and ash content. The recent trend is to develop horizontal wells to increase the recovery times by quickly dewatering the seams and to obtain gas production early in the life of the well. Developing horizontal wells in thin coal seams are expensive and the prospects need to be evaluated properly in order to maximize gas production. Many factors affect the methane production capacity of a coal seam and to find the best well planning and design is a challenge. Many characteristics of coal such as gas content, pressure and saturation are determined. On the other hand, decisions regarding the number, location, and type of wells, completion methods, hole size and similar decisions depend on the properties of coal. In this paper, we presented the results of a study conducted to investigate the methane gas production strategies for different coal seams. A main goal of this study is to optimize methane gas production from coal seams. Presented in this study are the effects of reservoir properties on the efficiency of selected well design.
Things you need to know about efficient showerheads

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Efficient showerheads and faucet aerators are popular measures for conserving water and energy. Certainly, energy and water savings are evident in laboratory studies. However, the evidence from field studies is less clear. This is largely the result of insufficient field research and research designs that have not captured all of the necessary data. This paper addresses this issue with a summary of research conducted in the Pacific Northwest. The studies described here include information about all of the major variables thought to affect savings from efficient showerheads. The research results presented highlight which of these factors are important predictors of savings and provide savings results specific to the region.
In vitro production of Helicoverpa armigera single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

\n\t\t\t\t\tNaturally occurring insect viruses are a promising means of intentionally causing disease in insects but they do not compete successfully with synthetic chemicals in the commercial marketplace. Furthermore, their use for pest control is still restricted. One factor preventing the development of baculoviruses as effective biopesticides is concern over the production issue. In vitro instability during propagation of these viruses in suspension cells is the major limitation to the in vitro production of baculoviruses in cell cultures. In this study, an isolated baculovirus (HaSNPV) was cultivated using serial passaging in a suspension cell culture. The results show a reduction in the occlusion body production during six passages, due to the "passage effect". However, the purification of an HaSNPV clone suggested better stability. A simple method used in this work for the serial passaging of this virus is discussed.\n\t\t\t\t
Stellate Plasmonic Exosomes for Penetrative Targeting Tumor NIR-II Thermo-Radiotherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Multifunctional gold (Au)-based nanomaterials with high atomic number (symbol Z) and strong absorbance in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II) property are emerging as promising candidates for tumor thermo-radiotherapy. The main limitations of applying Au-based nanomaterials to biomedical studies include the absence of active tumor-targeting ability, penetrating efficiency, and stability. In this study, we present a novel type of tumor cell-derived stellate plasmonic exosomes (TDSP-Exos) for penetrative targeted tumor NIR-II thermo-radiotherapy and photoacoustic imaging. The TDSP-Exos are abundantly and easily produced by the incubation of tumor cells with gold nanostars, based on which gold nanostars promote the exocytosis of exosomes from tumor cells. Compared with bare gold nanostars, the TDSP-Exos exhibit pronounced accumulation in deep tumor tissues and perform well in both PA imaging and NIR-II thermo-radiotherapy against the tumor. Moreover, the TDSP-Exos improve tumor hypoxia to enhanced radiotherapy by NIR-II photothermal therapy. This work indicates that the tumor cell-derived exosomes have the potential to function as a universal carrier of photothermal agents for targeted tumor NIR-II thermo-radiotherapy.
Electrically Defined Ferromagnetic Nanodots

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

While ferromagnetic nanodots are being widely studied from fundamental as well as application points of views, so far all the dots have been physically defined; once made, one cannot change their dimension or size. We show that ferromagnetic nanodots can be electrically defined. To realize this, we utilize an electric field to modulate the in-plane distribution of carriers in a ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As film with a meshed gate structure having a large number of nanoscaled windows.
Quantitative assessment of DNA damage directly in lens epithelial cells from senile cataract patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In senile cataract patients, LECs DNA was randomly damaged and this type of damage was possible by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The damage was found maximally in the cortical type of cataracts. Oxidative DNA damage of the LECs may be one of the etiology of senile cataractogenesis.
Analysis of the Intelligent Form of Traditional Art Exhibitions from the Perspective of Digital Media

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the context of the integration of intelligent technologies and digital media, in this paper, the author has studied the intelligent form of traditional art exhibitions, taken the classic cases and development status of intelligent exhibitions at home and abroad into account, and sorted out the technical means, implementation methods, social influences and prospects of digital media in the spread and display of traditional arts, to provide ideas and suggestions for the better spread, inheritance and transformation of traditional arts.
Crowdsourced Geospatial Data: A Report on the Emerging Phenomena of Crowdsourced and User-Generated Geospatial Data

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract : Crowdsourced geospatial data (CGD) is an important emerging trend that will influence future methods for geospatial data production and use. Related to broader developments in user-generated content, CGD involves the participation of end-users, many of who are untrained in the geospatial sciences but have a high degree of interest in geospatial technology. Working collectively, these end-users collect, edit, and produce datasets; create mapping applications, and develop tools for CGD. Crowdsourced geospatial data production is typically an open, lightly controlled process with few constraints, specifications, or quality assurance processes. This sharply contrasts with the less flexible and more controlled authoritative geospatial data production practices of national mapping agencies and businesses. Adoption of CGD and production methods has been a concern, especially to Government organizations, due quality concerns related to differences in production methods. We review CGD projects addressing common geospatial data collection tasks and demonstrating varied approaches to quality control, including hybrid projects that mix crowdsourced geospatial data and tools with authoritative data. The most common methods for quality assessment are summarized along with a comprehensive set of fitness-for-use considerations. Based on this information, lessons learned and future trends are summarized.
Is High Prevalence ofEchinococcus multilocularisin Wild and Domestic Animals Associated with Disease Incidence in Humans?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We investigated a focus of highly endemic Echinococcus multilocularis infection to assess persistence of high endemicity in rural rodents, explore potential for parasite transmission to domestic carnivores, and assess (serologically) putative exposure versus infection frequency in inhabitants of the region. From spring 1993 to spring 1998, the prevalence of E. multilocularis in rodents was 9% to 39% for Arvicola terrestris and 10% to 21% for Microtus arvalis. From June 1996 to October 1997, 6 (7%) of 86 feral dogs and 1 of 33 cats living close to the region tested positive for intestinal E. multilocularis infection. Testing included egg detection by coproscopy, antigen detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and specific parasite DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction. Thus, the presence of infected domestic carnivores can increase E. multilocularis exposure risk in humans. A seroepidemiologic survey of 2,943 blood donors in the area used specific Em2-ELISA. Comparative statistical analyses of seroprevalence and clinical incidence showed an increase in Em2-seroprevalence from 1986 and 1996-97 but no increase in clinical incidence of alveolar hydatid disease.
Correlation of preoperative inferior vena cava diameter and inferior vena cava collapsibility index with preoperative fasting status, patient demography and general anaesthesia associated hypotension: A prospective, observational study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Aims: A definitive cutoff of inferior venacava (IVC) diameter in expiration (dIVCmax) and inferior vena cava collapsibility index (IVCCI) for predicting general anaesthesia associated hypotension (GAAH) is not yet determined. Primary objective of this study was to determine the correlation of dIVCmax and IVCCI, with GAAH. Other objectives were to determine the correlation of these IVC parameters with preoperative fasting duration, temperature and humidity. The correlation of dIVCmax with patient demography was also studied. Methods: A total of 110 adult patients undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia were included in the study. IVC ultrasonography was done in the preoperative room, 20 to 30 minutes before shifting the patient to the operating room. Hypotension at (hypo@) 2 minutes and 10 minutes after administering vecuronium was recorded. Results: Hundred and seven patients were analysed. A significant positive correlation was present between patient height and dIVCmax (r = 0.25, P = 0.009). Area under receiver operating characteristics curve was 0.595 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.485–0.705) and 0.568 (95% CI 0.458–0.679) for dIVCmax and IVCCI for predicting hypo@2 min, with a diagnostic accuracy of 54% and 53%, respectively. dIVCmax ≤1.14 cm had a sensitivity of 31% and specificity of 87% in predicting GAAH. IVCCI ≥63.3% could predict GAAH with 31% sensitivity and 84% specificity. No significant correlation was found between preoperative IVC parameters and preoperative fasting or environmental factors. Conclusion: Both dIVCmax and IVCCI have poor diagnostic accuracy, with good specificity and low sensitivity in predicting GAAH. A steady formula for calculating baseline IVC diameter adjusted for patient demography is needed.
Arsenic distribution in the UK lake sediments

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Sediment cores were taken from six sites across the UK. Apart from Banbury Reservoir in London, all the other sites were relatively remote lakes. Arsenic, along with other chemical elements, was analysed in the sediments of all the cores. Arsenic concentrations in the surface sediments are high in most of the sites and up to 800 μg/g in a Welsh remote site, Llyn Llagi. The background (pre-industrial) values vary in different sites from about 1.2 μg/g in Lochnagar to about 53 μg/g in Llyn Llagi. The concentrations of Fe and Mn strongly correlate with As, suggesting that Fe and Mn may control As distribution in the sediments at these sites. Arsenic in sediment trap samples taken from the lakes were also measured showing much higher concentrations than the background values at individual sites (1.6-8.6 enrichment factor), but lower than those in the surface sediments at most sites. This suggests anthropogenic As input to the lakes and the influence of post-sedimentation processes on As distribution in the surface sediments. In Lochnagar, there has been a significant increase in the As content in annual sediment trap samples. This important signal needs to be confirmed.
cAMP-dependent protein kinases of rat pituitary GH3 cells.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Two isoenzymes (type I and type II) of cAMP-dependent protein kinases were found in GH3 cytosol, isozyme type II activity being the predominant form (approximately 90%). Photoaffinity labeling of GH3 cell extracts with 8-N3-[32P]cAMP revealed three cAMP-binding proteins exhibiting molecular weights of 53,000, 51,000 and 48,000, respectively. The latter represents the regulatory subunit of type I isoenzyme whereas the 53,000 and 51,000 cAMP-binding proteins correspond to two different molecular forms of the type II isoenzyme regulatory subunit which are phosphorylated by a cAMP-dependent mechanism.
Factors Influencing Results of Functional Capacity Evaluations in Workers ’ Compensation Claimants

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background and Purpose. Physical and psychosocial factors are hypoth-esized to influence performance-based assessment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between performance on the Isernhagen Work System Functional Capacity Evaluation (IWS-FCE) and various clinical and psychosocial factors. Subjects. The sample consisted of 170 workers ’ compensation claimants who were undergo-ing functional capacity evaluations (FCEs) for low back injuries. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, claimants completed a battery of work-related measures, including the IWS-FCE, the Pain Disability Index (PDI), a workplace organizational policies and practices scale, and a recovery expectations questionnaire. Functional capacity evalu-ation performance indicators were the number of tasks in which subjects did not meet work demands and weight lifted on the floor-to-waist lift. Analysis included multivariable regression. Results. Only the PDI, pain intensity, age, and sex independently contributed to floor-to-waist lift performance. The PDI, pain intensity, and duration of injury contributed to the number of failed tasks. Discussion and Conclusion. The results indicate that performance on FCEs is influ-enced by physical factors, perceptions of disability, and pain intensity. However, perceptions of workplace organizational policies and proce-dures were not associated with FCE results for workers ’ compensation claimants with chronic back pain disability. Functional capacity evalu-ations should be considered behavioral tests influenced by multiple factors, including physical ability, beliefs, and perceptions. [Gross DP, Battie ́ MC. Factors influencing results of functional capacity evalua-tions in workers ’ compensation claimants with low back pain. Phys Ther.
THE CHAMPIONS LEAGUE - IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF IN-PATIENT ANTIBIOTIC PRESCRIPTION IN TRAUMA AND ORTHOPAEDICS

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The correct prescription of antibiotics for in-patients is paramount to patient safety. Trust policy states that all in-patients on antibiotics must have a start date, duration, and indication for antibiotics documented on the drug-card. On a single day all drug-cards were reviewed assessing whether documentation was in line with policy. In the initial audit, 28 antibiotic courses were prescribed; of these courses only 15 (53.5%) had an indication documented and 15 (53.5%) had a review/stop date documented. A monthly league table, coined ‘The Champions League’, was created. This named individuals who had correctly or incorrectly prescribed antibiotics, following identification in the monthly audit. It was published monthly and displayed in the doctors9 office, on wards and circulated to all Consultants. After two published league tables, 19 antibiotic courses were prescribed. Indication was documented in 18 (94.7%) and 16 (84.2%) had the review date documented. This improvement has continued to the present day. Prescribing standards appear to have improved with the use of this novel motivational tool. The competitive nature of surgical trainees has led to the Champions League becoming a talking point. Top placed doctors are rewarded with Premiership rugby tickets and those who consistently underperform are sensitively offered remedial instruction.
Heat Transfer Performance of Al2O3/Water Nanofluids in a Mini Channel Heat Sink

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The high density heat removal in electronic packaging is a challenging task of modern days. Finding compact, energy efficient and cost effective methods of heat removal is being the interest of researchers. In the present work, mini channel with forced convective heat transfer in simultaneously developing regime is investigated as the heat transfer coefficient is inversely proportional to hydraulic diameter. Mini channel heat sink is made from the aluminium plate of 30 mm square with 8 mm thickness. It has 15 mini channel of 0.9 mm width, 1.3 mm height and 0.9 mm of pitch. DI water and water based 0.1% and 0.2% volume fractions of Al2O3/water nanofluids are used as coolant. The flow rates of the coolants are maintained in such a way that it is simultaneously developing. Reynolds number is varied from 400 to 1600 and heat input is varied from 40 W to 70 W. The results showed that heat transfer coefficient is more than the heat transfer coefficient of fully developed flow. Also the heat transfer is more for nanofluids compared to DI water.