jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Modern Jews on Diaspora

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter considers Jewish responses to diaspora in the twentieth century. At this time, Jews experienced unparalleled growth and creativity in the western diasporas, joining general society in a fuller way than ever before. But all was not idyllic. Pogroms, followed by the Holocaust, made it clear how tenuous Jewish “at-homeness” could be. Yet even after the Holocaust, surviving centers saw a surge in Jewish life. In America, Jews thrived, and in Palestine, a new Jewish state was born. How could a Jew make sense of a world in which it was both “the best” and “the worst of times”? Those offering profound reflections on these conditions, while continuing to defend diaspora, included philosopher Franz Rosenzweig, historian Yehezkel Kaufmann, and social critic, Hannah Arendt. Artists and writers, too, offered defenses of Diaspora, including Philip Roth, Ruby Namdar, and even renowned Israeli author Shai Agnon.
Combining ability of alfalfa collection accessions by components of feed and seed productivity on increased soil acidity

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Assessment of the combining ability of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L., M. varia L.) collection accessions of different eco-geographical origin by components of feed and seed productivity in diallel crosses on increased soil acidity (pH 5.2–5.3) was carried out in the Department of Forage Crop Breeding of the Institute of Feeds and Agriculture of Podillia of NAAS (2012–2014).The aim and tasks of the study. Estimation of the combining ability of alfalfa collection accessions by components of feed and seed productivity in diallel crosses on increased soil acidity.Materials and methods: Forty two hybrid (F2) alfalfa populations derived by complete scheme of diallel analysis from collection accessions (Syniukha (UJ0700134, Ukraine); Regina (UJ0700031, Ukraine); Yaroslavna (UJ0700225, Ukraine); Vika (Denmark); Mega (UJ0700365, Sweden); Grіlys (Sweden) and variable Zhidrune (UJ0700699, Lithuania) were used as the study material. Effects of the general combining ability and variances of specific combining ability were determined by statistical methods of genetic analysis.Results and discussion. We selected alfalfa accessions with strong effects of the general combining ability: by stem length and dry matter yield – Grilys and Regina; by foliage amount – Syniukha, Zhidrune and Vika; by fertile tiller number – Zhidrune, Yaroslavna and Mega; by raceme number per stem – Regina and Vika; by pod number per raceme – Syniukha and Zhidrune; by seed number per pod – Yaroslavna and Vika; by 1000seed weight – Regina and Mega; by seed yield – Zhidrune and Regina. High levels of variance of the specific combining ability were inherent to: Grilys and Regina – for stem length and dry matter yield; Yaroslavna and Mega – for fertile tiller number; Regina – for raceme number per stem; Zhidrune – for pod number per raceme; Yaroslavna – for seed number per pod; Regina and Mega – for 1000seed weight. It was found that the best components of pair crosses were Zhidrune and Vika – by foliage amount; Zhidrune – by fertile tiller number; Vika – by raceme number per stem and seed number per pod; Syniukha – by pod number per raceme; Zhidrune and Regina – by seed yield.Conclusions. We assessed the combining ability of the test alfalfa collection accessions of different eco-geographical origin by the traits of feed and seed productivity in complete diallel crosses on increased soil acidity.Regina and Zhidrune were noticeable for by strong effects of the general combining ability by the majority of traits.We selected promising hybrid populations with high and medium levels of variance of the specific combining ability of parents by the majority of economically valuable traits: Zhidrune/Regina, Yaroslavna/Mega, Zhidrune/Grilys, Vika/Mega and Mega/Grilys
Phospholipase D: enzymology, mechanisms of regulation, and function

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Phospholipase D exists in various forms that differ in their regulation but predominantly hydrolyze phosphatidylcholine. The Ca(2+)-dependent isozymes of protein kinase C regulate phospholipase D in vitro and play a major role in its control by growth factors and G protein-linked agonists in vivo. Recent studies have demonstrated that small G proteins of the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) and Rho families activate the enzyme in vitro, and evidence is accumulating that they also are involved in its control in vivo. Both types of G protein play important roles in cellular function, and the possible mechanisms by which they are activated by agonists are discussed. There is also emerging evidence of the control of phospholipase D and Rho proteins by soluble tyrosine kinases and novel serine/threonine kinases. The possible role of these kinases in agonist regulation of phospholipase D is discussed. The function of phospholipase D in cells is still poorly defined. Postulated roles of phosphatidic acid produced by phospholipase D action include the activation of Ca(2+)-independent isoforms of protein kinase C, the regulation of growth and the cytoskeleton in fibroblasts, and control of the respiratory burst in neutrophils. Another important function of phosphatidic acid is to act as a substrate for a specific phospholipase A2 to generate lysophosphatidic acid, which is becoming increasingly recognized as a major intercellular messenger. Finally, it is possible that the phospholipid changes induced in various cellular membranes by phospholipase D may per se play an important role in vesicle trafficking and other membrane-associated events.
Chemical composition of Satureja spicigera essential oil and its insecticidal effectiveness on Halyomorpha halys nymphs and adults

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål 1855) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is an invasive and economically important agricultural and ornamental insect pest nowadays established in many countries. There are numerous methods used for its control. Due to the increased risk of chemical contamination upon the application of synthetic insecticides to control harmful insects, essential oils are gaining increasing attention. In this research, the insecticidal effectiveness of Satureja spicigera (C. Koch) Boiss (Laminaceae) essential oil at 10, 15 and 20 μL/mL doses, and 24, 48, 72 and 96 h against five nymph instars and adults of H. halys was investigated. In addition, the chemical analysis of S. spicigera essential oil was done by GC-MS. The major components of the S. spicigera oil were carvacrol (32.14%), thymol (20.01%), ɣ -terpinene (17.05%), p -cymene (9.08%) and carvacrol methyl ether (5.70%). At the 96th h of the study, the essential oil caused a mortality rate of between 20.1 and 87.5%. The positive control (Nimbecidine ® ) had the highest mortality rates for nymphs (100%) and adults (90.3%). According to the LD 50 and LD 90 values, while the most toxic LD 50 values were recorded as 0.63 and 4.66 μL/mL for the N 1 instar and adults, the lowest LD 90 values were 19.12 and 26.32 μL/mL for the N 5 instar and adults, respectively. In conclusion, results showed that S. spicigera oil had a highly toxic effect against five nymph instars and adults of H. halys .
Энергии ионизации Cu-подобных ионов с Z&le;92

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The overview of the experimental and theoretical data on the ionization energies (IE) of the Cu -like ions is presented. In various works data are obtained by interpolation and extrapolation the parameters of model potentials for Dirac equations. In other approaches, the function of the dependence of the ionization energy on Z (Z is nuclear charge) is approximated by a polynomial with power-law dependence on Z in order to achieve a minimum difference between theoretical and experimental data. The compilation of ionization energies is in database of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (USA), where the typical uncertainty is several units in the fourth significant digit. This means that for heavy ions the error can reach several tens of thousands cm–1. In this work, the ionization energies of Cu-like ions are refined to achieve accuracy to the fifth significant digit. Two methods have been developed for the interpolation and extrapolation. Scaling ionization energies along Z: scaling results in the function of the dependence of ionization energies on Z to the form of a quasi-line, i.e., weakly varying function on interval of 10−15 Z values. This allows the function to be interpolated up to the fifth significant numbers. The scaled refined function of the dependence of the ionization energy on Z is approximated by analytical functions that allow extrapolation with good accuracy to the Z~92 region. The relativistic model potential is used to interpolate and extrapolate ionization energies. The parameter of the relativistic model potential for the 4s1/2 orbital turned out to be almost linear function of Z for Z > 70, which made it possible to extrapolate with high accuracy to the Z region of 92. The results of both methods are in good agreement up to Z~ 92.
Introduction: Scots as the Language of the Law

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The introduction lays out the aims of the book and presents the Scots language as a multifunctional standardizing tool, used also in the context of law and administration in the late medieval and early renaissance period. The major aims sketched out here include the identification of standardizing patterns with corpus-driven methods, a structural and functional interpretation of these recurrent patterns, and the exploration of how the language responded to the external conditions in which the texts were produced. The chapter highlights the interdisciplinary character of the study, and introduces the division into three parts: the linguistic theoretical background, the socio-historical context, and the analytical part. It is also stressed that the methods used here are applicable to other languages and contexts.
A miniature in-plane piezoresistive MEMS accelerometer for detection of slider off-track motion in hard disk drives

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A miniature in-plane pizoresistive MEMS accelerometer was designed, fabricated and characterized for detection of slider off-track motion in hard disk drives. The structure of the accelerometer consists of a central supporting beam and two stress-magnifying sensing beams. Under geometric constraints imposed by the trailing side of a pico slider, the accelerometer design was optimized to achieve approximately pure axial deformation in the sensing beams and a maximum sensitivity with a specified natural frequency of 300 kHz. Fabricated on a silicon-on- insulator (SOI) wafer, the accelerometer with a half Wheatstone bridge was wirebonded to external pads and interfaced with an amplifier circuit on a printed circuit board (PCB). The noise level, sensitivity, nonlinearity were characterized with vibration testing on a shaker. The miniature accelerometer (1 9 0.3 9 0.3 mm 3 ) with a weight of only 0.2 mg offers a much higher resonant fre- quency with a comparable sensitivity compared with those in previous work.
Africa and the Demographic Consequences of the Columbian Exchange

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Patrick Manning has been one of the leading scholars of African historical demography since the late 1970s. This essay takes stock of his contribution to the field and highlights some of the debates in which Manning has participated over the past forty years. The essay also discusses some of the main challenges of extrapolating African population series into previous centuries, arguing that the models designed by Manning capture the potential negative consequences of the trans-Atlantic slave trade on African population development since 1500 well, but that the next step forward requires methods for estimating the positive effects of the introduction and diffusion of New World food crops in Africa.
Colonic embolisation: useful but caution required

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

See article on page79

The value of diagnostic visceral angiography in the investigation and management of acute and chronic gastrointestinal bleeding is well established, its use in this role having been first described over 35 years ago.1 It is possible to identify the source of haemorrhage in 87% of patients actively bleeding at the time of the study, and to identify a lesion which could be responsible for the problem in 74% of those not bleeding at the time of investigation.2 These figures are dependent on a number of factors, including the use of meticulous angiographic technique, the quality of the imaging equipment and the experience of the operator in both the acquisition and interpretation of data.3

In a patient thought to be actively bleeding at the time of the angiogram, the vessel most likely to be responsible is examined first—for example, the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) in rectal bleeding, the coeliac axis in haematemesis. If a source is not found then the other major visceral vessels are studied in turn. If the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and IMA studies appear normal in a case of bleeding thought clinically to be of lower gastrointestinal origin, the coeliac axis should also be studied, not only because …
Chaperone-Assisted\nHost–Guest Interactions\nRevealed by Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The recent discovery\nof ultra-high binding affinities in cucurbit[7]­uril\n(CB7)-based host–guest pairs in an aqueous environment has\nrendered CB7 a rather attractive material in analytical and biomedical\napplications. Due to the lack of a molecular platform that can follow\nthe same host–guest complex during repetitive mechanical measurements,\nhowever, mechanical stabilities of the CB7 system have not been revealed,\nhindering its potential to rival widely used conjugation pairs, such\nas streptavidin–biotin. Here, we assembled a DNA template in\nwhich a flexible DNA linker was exploited to keep the host (CB7) and\nguest (adamantane) in proximity. This platform not only increased\nthe efficiency of the single-molecule characterization in optical\ntweezers but also clearly revealed mechanical features of the same\nhost–guest complex. We found that positively charged adamantane\nguest demonstrated higher mechanical stability (49 pN) than neutral\nadamantane (44 pN), a trend consistent with the chemical affinity\nbetween guest molecules and the CB7 host. Surprisingly, we found that\na hexyl group adjacent to the adamantane served as a chaperone to\nassist the formation of the adamantane–CB7 pairs. The discovery\nof an unprecedented chaperone-assisted interaction mechanism provides\nnew approaches to efficiently assemble host–guest-based supramolecules\nwith increased mechanical stabilities, which can be exploited in various\nbiomedical, biosensing, and materials fields.
The dynamic organization of the neuronal postsynaptic membrane

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This thesis explores the dynamic organization of glutamate receptors and membrane lipids in the postsynaptic membrane of neurons. It aims to understand how the arrangement of these components influences synaptic transmission and brain function. The study utilizes advanced super-resolution microscopy techniques to visualize and track individual molecules at the nanoscopic scale. The thesis begins with an overview of the importance of membrane composition in protein organization within the postsynapse. It highlights the challenges in studying this field and introduces the use of super-resolution microscopy for visualizing protein and lipid distribution. A protocol for single-molecule localization microscopy is presented to examine the subsynaptic localization of synaptic proteins. Next, the focus shifts to the dynamics of lipids and proteins within the synaptic membrane. The thesis delves into a methodology for tracking individual molecules in living cells and the subsequent analysis of their movement and diffusion. Simulated trajectories are employed to optimize experimental parameters for studying complex molecular organization. The subsequent chapters investigate specific glutamate receptor subtypes. Chapter 5 examines the AMPA receptor, particularly the GluA3-containing subtype. The distribution and dynamics of GluA3-containing AMPARs are compared to GluA1-containing AMPARs within the postsynaptic membrane. Chapter 6 focuses on the metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR5, exploring its distribution and dynamics in relation to the postsynaptic density. The perisynaptic localization of mGluR5 and its significance are described. Chapter 7 explores methods for studying the dynamic organization of membrane lipids. This includes analyzing lipid diffusion behavior and distribution patterns, as well as investigating the effects of altering lipid composition on receptor organization. Overall, the thesis provides valuable insights into the nanoscale organization of glutamate receptors and membrane lipids in the postsynaptic membrane. It enhances our understanding of synaptic architecture and its impact on synaptic transmission and brain function.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Liver fibrosis score predicts mortality in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has several pathophysiological aspects, including stiffness and/or congestion of multiple organs.Poor prognosis is expected in heart failure patients with liver stiffness, which has recently been assessed by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS; based on aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase ratio, platelet counts, and albumin).We aimed to investigate the impact of NFS on prognosis of HFpEF patients, with consideration for the peripheral collagen markers such as procollagen type III peptide (PIIIP), type IV collagen 7S, and hyaluronic acid. Methods and resultsWe performed a prospective observational study.Consecutive 492 hospitalized HFpEF patients were divided into four groups based on their NFS: first-fourth quartiles (n = 123).The fourth quartile group had the highest levels of PIIIP, type IV collagen 7S, hyaluronic acid, and B-type natriuretic peptide (P<0.001each).In addition, there were significant positive correlations between PIIIP, type IV collagen 7S, hyaluronic acid, B-type natriuretic peptide, and NFS (P < 0.001 each).In the follow-up period (mean 1107 days), 93 deaths occurred.All-cause mortality increased in all four quartiles (8.1%, 12.2%, 23.6%, and 31.7%,P < 0.001).In the multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis, NFS was an independent predictor of allcause mortality in the HFpEF patients.Conclusions NFS, a novel indicator of liver fibrosis, correlates with circulating systemic markers of fibrosis and congestion and is associated with higher all-cause mortality in HFpEF patients.NFS can be calculated simply and may be a useful tool to assess liver stiffness and prognosis in HFpEF patients.
Suppression of amino acid and oligopeptide mineralization by organic manure addition in a semiarid environment

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The rapid mineralization of organic nitrogen (ON) in semiarid soils frequently results in large N losses, reduced crop yields, and environmental pollution. The addition of manures to soil has the potential to promote microbial growth, increase N immobilization, reverse the decline in soil organic matter, and enhance soil quality. In this study, three contrasting organic manures were used to determine their influences on amino acid and oligopeptide dynamics in soil (as key component of the soil ON‐cycle) as well their effects on the size of the microbial biomass and N immobilization. Laboratory incubation experiments were set up with soil obtained from experimental field trial sites for growing maize. Treatments included soil amended with either poultry manure (PM), farmyard manure, pressmud, or unamended (control). Radio‐ and stable‐isotope ( 14 C– 15 N) techniques were used to assess ON mineralization, immobilization, and leaching using the amino acids alanine and valine as well as the oligopeptides trialanine and valine–proline–proline as model substrates. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine soil bacterial biomass. The results showed that all manures increased microbial growth and total soil amino acids as well as protein content. Greater immobilization and subsequently lower mineralization and leaching were also observed in the manure‐amended soils, with this being most pronounced in the PM treatment. The application of PM also enhanced the half‐lives of the ON compounds in soil and increased the size of the bacterial biomass. Overall, our findings indicate that manure amendments, particularly PM, can help promote more efficient ON cycling in semi‐arid ecosystem by controlling N mineralization, reducing amino acid leaching, and elevating oligopeptide immobilization.
[Cloning and expression analysis of chicken circular transcript of insulin degrading enzyme gene].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is a highly conserved metallopeptidase that functions in the catabolism of bioactive peptides. In our previous study, we identified a putative circular transcript in that chicken insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) gene through analyzing a high throughput sequencing result. Here we set to confirm the circular transcript of IDE (circIDE) and explore its expression regularity in normal barred Plymouth chicken. The circIDE was confirmed by PCR amplification and sequencing. The circular structure of circIDE was determined by RNase R processing and reverse transcription experiments. Then we analyzed the spatiotemporal expression pattern of circIDE and IDE mRNA and compared the differential expression of circIDE and IDE mRNA in the normal barred Plymouth chicken and the dwarf ones. The results showed that the full length of chicken circIDE was 1332 nt, divided form exon 2-11 of the IDE gene. RNase R tolerance analysis showed that chicken circIDE had the general characteristics of circular molecule, and was highly resistant to RNase R. The random primers had higher transcription efficiency than the oligo-d(T)18 primers, confirming that circIDE is a circular structured molecule without poly(A). circIDE was highly expressed in the liver and heart tissues but less in the muscle tissues of leg and breast in normal chickens at the age of 1 and 12 weeks. The expression profile of circIDE in liver tissue showed that circIDE level was lower in1 to 6 weeks and then became higher after 8 weeks of age. The expression of circIDE in liver tissue was significantly higher in normal chicken than that in dwarf barred Plymouth chicken (P<0.05). This study confirmed a circIDE strucutre in chicken IDE gene and uncovered its expression regularity. We demonstrated that the expression level of circIDE in the liver tissue was higher in normal barred Plymouth chicken compared to dwarf species. This study paves the way for further understanding the biological function of chicken circIDE, including its roles in regulating chicken growth and development.