jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Biphasic Ordered Induction of Heme Synthesis in Differentiating Murine Erythroleukemia Cells: Role of Erythroid 5-Aminolevulinate Synthase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

During dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-stimulated differentiation of murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells, one of the early events is the induction of the heme biosynthetic pathway. While recent reports have clearly demonstrated that GATA-1 is involved in the induction of erythroid cell-specific forms of 5-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS-2) and porphobilinogen (PBG) deaminase and that cellular iron status plays a regulatory role for ALAS-2, little is known about regulation of the remainder of the pathway. In the current study, we have made use of a stable MEL cell mutant (MEAN-1) in which ALAS-2 enzyme activity is not induced by DMSO, hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA), or butyric acid. In this cell line, addition of 2% DMSO to growing cultures results in the normal induction of PBG deaminase and coproporphyrinogen oxidase but not in the induction of the terminal two enzymes, protoporphyrinogen oxidase and ferrochelatase. These DMSO-treated cells did not produce mRNA for beta-globin and do not terminally differentiate. In addition, the cellular level of ALAS activity declines rapidly after addition of DMSO, indicating that ALAS-1 must turn over rapidly at this time. Addition of 75 microM hemin alone to the cultures did not induce cells to terminally differentiate or induce any of the pathway enzymes. However, the simultaneous addition of 2% DMSO and 75 microM hemin caused the cells to carry out a normal program of terminal erythroid differentiation, including the induction of ferrochelatase and beta-globin. These data suggest that induction of the entire heme biosynthetic pathway is biphasic in nature and that induction of the terminal enzymes may be mediated by the end product of the pathway, heme. We have introduced mouse ALAS-2 cDNA into the ALAS-2 mutant cell line (MEAN-1) under the control of the mouse metallothionein promoter (MEAN-RA). When Cd and Zn are added to cultures of MEAN-RA in the absence of DMSO, ALAS-2 is induced but erythroid differentiation does not occur and cells continue to grow normally. In the presence of metallothionein inducers and DMSO, the MEAN-RA cells induce in a fashion similar to that found with the wild-type 270 MEL cells. Induction of the activities of ALAS, PBG deaminase, coproporphyrinogen oxidase, and ferrochelatase occurs. In cultures of MEAN-RA where ALAS-2 had been induced with Cd plus Zn 24 h prior to DMSO addition, onset of heme synthesis occurs more rapidly than when DMSO and Cd plus Zn are added simultaneously. This study reveals that induction of ALAS-2 alone is not sufficient to induce terminal differentiation of the MEAN-RA cells, and it does not appear that ALAS-2 alone is the rate-limiting enzyme of the heme biosynthetic pathway during MEL cell differentiation.
Recommendations for the “One Village, One Product” Strategy and Coffee Marketing Efficiency in Gowa Regency

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The One Village One Product (OVOP) concept seeks to raise farmers’ income by promoting regionally distinctive commodities. In Topidi Village, South Sulawesi, coffee is widely cultivated and well suited for agroforestry systems, offering high market potential. However, farmer profits are reduced by inefficient marketing channels involving many intermediaries. This study analyzed marketing institutions and the efficiency of Arabica coffee marketing using Marketing Margin, Farmer’s Share, and Profit to Cost Ratio methods. Data from four marketing outlets showed that Outlet IV, where farmers sell directly to end users, achieved the highest marketing efficiency at 44 percent for ground coffee and the highest profit. Adopting the OVOP concept for coffee could help position it as a leading regional commodity by integrating production across areas with similar landscapes, thus strengthening local industry and boosting household incomes.
Effects of Selected Chemical Stimulants on Germination of Castor (Ricinus Communis L.) Seed

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A study was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Agriculture, Makurdi in 2007 and 2008 cropping seasons to monitor the effects of selected chemical stimulants on castor seed germination. Top paper (TP) method of seed germination according to Toogood (1993) was adopted. The chemical stimulants used included: 2, 4 - Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) @ 200mg/L, coconut milk @ 15%, aluminum tetraflouride (AlF4) @ 200mg/L, fusiccoccin (FC) @ 200mg/L, potassium nitrate (KNO3) @ 15% and ethrel @ 200mg/L. The chemical stimulants were put into 9cm-diameter petridishes, each containing ten seeds of each castor accession. Data were collected on first germination count at 7 days after planting (DAP), final germination count at 14 DAP, pre-emergence mortality at 14 DAP, post-emergence mortality at 14 DAP, and germination speed index was used to quantify seed, seedling vigour and the planting value of seed lots. Results revealed that 15% of coconut milk followed by 15% of potassium nitrate and 200mg/L of aluminum tetraflouride produced significantly higher final germination count and germination speed index but lower seed mortality rate was observed with untreated seed lot (control) and with 1% of hydrogen peroxide. Germination characteristics were not significantly different in 2007 and 2008. Year x stimulant interaction on germination characteristics was not significant in all the castor accessions studied.
Aorticoesophagal Fistula Combined with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding after Endovascular Dissection of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aortoesophageal fistula (AEF) is a relatively rare and potentially fatal disease. Secondary AEF is rare but is associated with serious complications and high mortality. There are rare cases of esophageal mediastinal fistula after descending aortic aneurysm stent implantation. We report the case of a 76-year-old man who had upper abdominal distension, without obvious inducement, for 3 months and felt fullness after a meal, accompanied by anorexia. A chest computer tomography (CT) examination of the abdomen was performed with the outside hospital. Descending thoracic aortic aneurysm was discovered and was treated with stent implantation. The patient was transferred to our hospital to continue treatment, mainly because of an esophageal mediastinal fistula. Finally, the thoracic aortic aneurysm was diagnosed as AEF after stent implantation, combined with the diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. We hope that, through this case, we can explain the possible causes of bronchial mediastinal fistula after stent implantation of descending aortic aneurysm and the mechanism of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
The diverse way that languages convey emotion

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Emotion and Language
It is unclear whether emotion terms have the same meaning across cultures. Jackson et al. examined nearly 2500 languages to determine the degree of similarity in linguistic networks of 24 emotion terms across cultures (see the Perspective by Majid). There were low levels of similarity, and thus high variability, in the meaning of emotion terms across cultures. Similarity of emotion terms could be predicted on the basis of the geographic proximity of the languages they originate from, their hedonic valence, and the physiological arousal they evoke.

Science , this issue p. [1517][1]; see also p. [1444][2]

[1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aaw8160
[2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aba1763
Evolution of the efficiency of metropolitan public transport areas during the financial crisis and recovery in Spain

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Urban dispersion is a phenomenon that has taken place in most European urban areas since the second half of the 20th century. From the point of view of mobility, urban sprawl makes it difficult to provide a quality public transport (PT) service, thus increasing the use of private vehicles. In addition, during the financial crisis that has shaken Europe since 2007, cities have lost population whereas peri-urban areas have grown and there have also been significant economic cuts in the public sector, which has substantially affected the efficiency of PT. This study uses demographic and socioeconomic data from ten Spanish urban areas to assess the evolution of PT systems during the recession and the start of economic recovery. The analysis is carried out through the use of technical indicators (supply and demand) and economic indicators (fares and financing) at both urban and metropolitan level. Based on the calculated indicators and using a cluster analysis, groups of cities with common mobility patterns are obtained. The different patterns observed reflect the main results of different strategies in PT management. In this way we try to extract some lessons from the crisis about PT systems.
Diascund Creek Reservoir water chemistry dataset

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Raw data for the Diascund Creek Reservoir water chemistry dataset submitted to the Neotoma Paleoecology Database. Data is available through the landing page in JSON format. The landing page referenced by the DOI also contains links to publications and a map-based viewer for the dataset. The Neotoma Paleoecology Database maintains a homepage at https://www.neotomadb.org.
Semantic Scene Completion via Integrating Instances and Scene in-the-Loop

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Semantic Scene Completion aims at reconstructing a complete 3D scene with precise voxel-wise semantics from a single-view depth or RGBD image. It is a crucial but challenging problem for indoor scene understanding. In this work, we present a novel framework named Scene-Instance-Scene Network (SISNet), which takes advantages of both in-stance and scene level semantic information. Our method is capable of inferring fine-grained shape details as well as nearby objects whose semantic categories are easily mixed-up. The key insight is that we decouple the instances from a coarsely completed semantic scene instead of a raw input image to guide the reconstruction of instances and the over-all scene. SISNet conducts iterative scene-to-instance (SI) and instance-to-scene (IS) semantic completion. Specifically, the SI is able to encode objects' surrounding context for effectively decoupling instances from the scene and each instance could be voxelized into higher resolution to capture finer details. With IS, fine-grained instance information can be integrated back into the 3D scene and thus leads to more accurate semantic scene completion. Utilizing such an iterative mechanism, the scene and instance completion benefits each other to achieve higher completion accuracy. Extensively experiments show that our proposed method consistently outperforms state-of-the-art methods on both real NYU, NYUCAD and synthetic SUNCG-RGBD datasets. The code and the supplementary material will be available at https://github.com/yjcaimeow/SISNet.
Serial Femtosecond Crystallography Reveals that Photoactivation in a Fluorescent Protein Proceeds via the Hula Twist Mechanism

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Chromophore cis/trans photoisomerization is a fundamental process in chemistry and in the activation of many photosensitive proteins. A major task is understanding the effect of the protein environment on the efficiency and direction of this reaction compared to what is observed in the gas and solution phases. In this study, we set out to visualize the hula twist (HT) mechanism in a fluorescent protein, which is hypothesized to be the preferred mechanism in a spatially constrained binding pocket. We use a chlorine substituent to break the twofold symmetry of the embedded phenolic group of the chromophore and unambiguously identify the HT primary photoproduct. Through serial femtosecond crystallography, we then track the photoreaction from femtoseconds to the microsecond regime. We observe signals for the photoisomerization of the chromophore as early as 300 fs, obtaining the first experimental structural evidence of the HT mechanism in a protein on its femtosecond-to-picosecond timescale. We are then able to follow how chromophore isomerization and twisting lead to secondary structure rearrangements of the protein β-barrel across the time window of our measurements.
Female Inmates and Violence in Prison

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Violence in prison is a broad term that can be defined in a number of ways. It encompasses different types of violence (e.g., physical or sexual) as well as various types of offenders with varying levels of power (inmates, staff). Prison violence is defined through the residence of the victim. Though there is little knowledge available on the subject, it can be stated that prison violence is linked to offenders' previous life experiences as well as inmate culture. The victimization of prison violence can have serious implications.
Multifunctional Hydrogel Enhances Inflammatory Control, Antimicrobial Activity, and Oxygenation to Promote Healing in Infectious Wounds

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Chronic infected wounds often fail to heal through normal repair mechanisms, and the persistent response of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation is a major contributing factor to the difficulty in their healing. In this context, we developed an ROS-responsive injectable hydrogel. This hydrogel is composed of ε-polylysine grafted (EPL) with caffeic acid (CA) and hyaluronic acid (HA) grafted with phenylboronic acid (PBA). Before the gelation process, a mixture CaO2@Cur-PDA (CCP) consisting of calcium peroxide (CaO2) coated with polydopamine (PDA) and curcumin (Cur) is embedded into the hydrogel. Under the conditions of chronic refractory wound environments, the hydrogel gradually dissociates. HA mimics the function of the extracellular matrix, while the released caffeic acid-grafted ε-polylysine (CE) effectively eliminates bacteria in the wound vicinity. Additionally, released CA also clears ROS and influences macrophage polarization. Subsequently, CCP further decomposes, releasing Cur, which promotes angiogenesis. This multifunctional hydrogel accelerates the repair of diabetic skin wounds infected with Staphylococcus aureus in vivo and holds promise as a candidate dressing for the healing of chronic refractory wounds.
POSTERIOR STAPHYLOMAS IN EYES WITH RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA WITHOUT HIGH MYOPIA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To describe features of posterior staphylomas in nonhighly myopic eyes with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Methods: The retrospective observational case series study included patients with RP and an axial length of <26.5 mm and searched for eyes with posterior staphylomas. All study participants underwent fundus photography and optical coherence tomography. Results: The study identified 13 eyes of 7 patients with a narrow macular staphyloma. Mean age was 40.9 ± 17.9 years (range 9–62 years) and mean axial length was 24.90 ± 0.69 mm. The staphyloma edges corresponded to the margin between the retinal atrophic area in the fundus midperiphery and the relatively unaffected fundus center. On vertically orientated optical coherence tomography images, the staphyloma edges showed a slight inward protrusion of the sclera and a ring-like localized choroidal thinning with choroidal rethickening in direction toward the fovea and toward the periphery of the fundus. The upper and lower staphyloma edges did not differ in steepness. The thickness of the subfoveal choroid (138.6 m ± 50.1 µ m) was thinner than the normal range after adjusting for age and axial length in all eyes. Two eyes with advanced RP in the macula showed a subfoveal choroidal thickness of 95 µ m and 88 µ m. Conclusion: Narrow macular staphylomas can occur in nonhighly myopic eyes with RP and, in contrast to staphylomas in highly myopic eyes, show a less marked thinning of the subfoveal choroid. The occurrence of posterior staphylomas in nonhighly myopic eyes with RP may provide hints to unravel the etiology of posterior staphyloma formation.
Encultured Rocks - Encounter with a Ritual World of the Bronze Age

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

There is an intriguing rock-carving place at Flyhov in the province of Västergötland, southern Sweden. The carved images appear on a series of flat rocks in connection to a number of pointed oval hollows, that are linked to each other in rows suggestive of boats joined together stem by stem. It is argued that the hollowed-out boats in the rock made this a significant place for rock-carvings. Certain phenomena of nature were ritually important during the Bronze Age, and some elements like rock and water may have had a transformative character. Metaphoric understanding of images is used to inspire interpretations of the meaning of the Bronze Age rock-carvings.
A Comparison of Paediatric Occupational Therapy University Program Curricula in New Zealand, Australia, and Canada

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Comparisons were made of the paediatric content of professional entry-level occupational therapy university program curricula in Australia, New Zealand, and Canada using an ex post facto survey methodology. The findings indicated that in Australia/New Zealand, paediatrics made up 20% of the total curriculum, but only 13% in Canada. Canadian reference materials were utilized less often in Canadian universities than in Australia/New Zealand. Theories taught most often in Australia/New Zealand were: Sensory Integration, Neurodevelopmental Therapy, Client-Centered Practice, Playfulness, and the Model of Human Occupation. In Canada, the most frequent theories were: Piaget's Stages of Cognitive/Intellectual Development, Neurodevelopmental Therapy, Erikson's Eight Stages of Psychosocial Development and Sensory Integration. The most frequently taught paediatric assessment tools in both regions were the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency and Miller Assessment for Preschoolers. Paediatric intervention methods taught to students in all three countries focused on activities of daily living/self-care, motor skills, perceptual and visual motor integration, and infant and child development.
“One‐Stone‐Three‐Birds” H2S‐Photothermal Therapy for Enhanced Thrombolysis and Vascular Healing

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Thrombus causes a serious condition characterized by the formation of blood clots in blood vessels or heart, potentially leading to life‐threatening emergencies. Photothermal therapy (PTT) serves as a treatment for thrombosis that provides noninvasive thrombus dissolution and fewer bleeding side effects. However, the high temperatures generated by PTT can exacerbate vascular inflammation and promote thrombus recurrence. In this study, a photothermal hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) nanogenerator (PSA@ADT‐OH) is constructed using a perylene‐cored photothermal agent (PSA) coassembled with a H 2 S donor ADT‐OH. The system PSA@ADT‐OH demonstrates outstanding targeting and accumulation efficiency against blood flow shear forces. It also provides sustained H 2 S release at thrombus sites, contributing to antiplatelet aggregation, reactive oxygen species clearance, and vascular healing. This approach opens up new possibilities for advanced thrombus treatment.
Oxidative stress induces unfolding protein response and inflammation in nasal polyposis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Nasal polyposis, a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the upper airways, is a valuable and accessible model to investigate the mechanisms underlying chronic inflammation. The main objective of this study was to investigate a potential involvement of the unfolded protein response ( UPR ) in the context of oxidative stress and inflammation in nasal epithelial cells from nasal polyps ( NP ). Methods: Epithelial cells from NP ( n = 20) and normal mucosa (Controls, n = 15) in primary culture were analyzed by global proteomic approach and cell biology techniques for the glucose‐regulated protein 78 ( GRP78 ), the spliced X ‐box‐binding protein 1 ( sXBP‐1 ), the glucose‐regulated protein 94 ( GRP94 ), and the calreticulin (immunoblot, mass spectrometry, immunocytochemistry). Results: Proteomics analysis of human nasal epithelial cells in culture revealed the activation of the unfolded protein response in NP . Systematic cell biology and biochemical analysis of two markers ( GRP78 , sXBP‐1 ) in the presence and absence of oxidative stress in NP showed a susceptibility of the unfolded protein response to oxidative stress compared to controls at least partially linked to an abnormal redox state of the protein disulfide‐isomerase 4. This unfolded protein response was correlated with mitochondrial depolarization and secretion of interleukin 8 ( IL ‐8) and leukotriene B4 ( LTB 4) and was prevented by mitochondrial antioxidant. Conclusions: We show the existence of UPR in nasal epithelial cells that is linked to oxidative stress leading to IL ‐8 and LTB 4 secretions. These mechanisms may participate in chronic inflammation in nasal polyposis.
Reticulated Platelets—Which Functions Have Been Established by In Vivo and In Vitro Data?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Reticulated platelets (RP) are the youngest platelet fraction released into the circulation. These immature platelets have increased RNA content, a larger cell volume, more dense granules, higher levels of surface activation markers and are thought to be more reactive compared to their mature counterparts. RP have been associated with cardiovascular disease, diabetes and increased mortality. Yet only a few animal studies investigating RP have been conducted so far and further investigations are warranted. Established methods to count RP are flow cytometry (staining with thiazole orange or SYTO13) or fully automated hematology analyzers (immature platelet fraction, IPF). IPF has been established as a diagnostic parameter in thrombocytopenia, cardiovascular disease and, in particular, the response to antiplatelet therapy. This review seeks to provide an overview of the key features of RP as well as preanalytical and analytical aspects that need to be considered when working with this platelet population.
On Protopiceoxylon Johnseni (Schroeter), a Mesozoic Coniferous Wood1

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Journal Article On Protopiceoxylon Johnseni (Schroeter), a Mesozoic Coniferous Wood Get access W. N. EDWARDS W. N. EDWARDS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Annals of Botany, Volume os-39, Issue 1, January 1925, Pages 1–7, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a089935 Published: 01 January 1925