jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Malva subovata subsp. bicolor Iamonico 2010

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Malva subovata (DC.) Molero & J. M. Monts. subsp. bicolor (Rouy) Iamonico (2010: 313) Basionym: Lavatera bicolor Rouy (1897b: 86) ≡ Lavatera maritima Gouan subp. bicolor (Rouy) Rouy (1897a: 46) ≡ Lavatera maritima Gouan var. bicolor (Rouy) Fiori & Paoletti (1901: 265) ≡ Malva wigandii (Alef.) Ray f. bicolor (Rouy) B.Bock (2012: 276), nom. illeg. ≡ Malva africana (Cav.) Soldano, Banfi & Galasso (in Banfi et al. 2005: 229) subsp. bicolor (Rouy) Soldano, Banfi & Galasso (in Banfi et al. 2005: 230), nom. illeg. Holotype:— FRANCE, Alpes-Maritimes, Pont-Saint-Louis près Menton, May 1879, De Coincy s.n. (LY!). Description:—The subsp. bicolor differs from the autonymic subspecies in having 2–3 flower per node (upper nodes), and the carpophore truncate-flattened. Chromosome number:—Unknown. Ecology:—The subspecies grows on calcareous cliffs along the coast at altitudes between 0 and 50 m. Flowering time is from April to June. Distribution: South-eastern France (Alpes-Maritimes department, around Menton locality) to North-western Italy (Imperia province, from western border to Ventimiglia). It can be considered an endemic taxon for Europe. Other Specimens Examined: — FRANCE. Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur: Alpes-Maritimes, Menton aut Garavan, 16 June 1981, Jolinon s.n. (P-06737469); ibid. (P); Alpes-Maritimes, Menton, pied de la barre calcaire jurassique de la Giraude, 150 m a.s.l., 39 April 1971, Raynal & Weill s.n. (P-06608100); Alpes-Maritimes, Menton, roches maritimes a pie de Garavan, 31 December 1882, Gandoger s.n. (P-06729961); Alpes-Maritimes, rochers au Pont St Louis près Menton, 2 May 1861, Bourgeau s.n. (P-06611396); ibid. s.n. (P-067729957); Alpes-Maritimes, Menton a la frontiére, 29 March 1920, Hibon s.n. (P-06611398).— ITALY. Liguria: Imperia, Capo di Noli, 1858, Gentili s.n. (FI); Imperia, Liguria occid., Ventimiglia, in rupi di Roverino, May–June 1859, Panizzi s.n. (FI); Imperia, Capoli di Noli, May 1869, Pedicino s.n. (RO); Imperia, Capo di Noli, April 1871 Berti s. n. (FI); Imperia, sulle rupi del Capo di Noli, 10 June 1894, Mezzana s.n. (FI); Imperia, sulle rupi del Capo di Noli a Finalpia, 22 March 1896, Mezzana s.n. (FI); Imperia, rupi del Capo di Noli, 01 June 1900, Mezzana s.n. (FI); Imperia, Liguria occid., 22 June 1906, Pellanti s.n. (FI); Imperia, Liguria occid., Ventimiglia, in rupestribus supra pagum Roverinum, solo calcareo (conglomerato), 100 m a.s.l., 01 April 1910, Bicknell et Pollini s.n. (FI); ibid. (FI); Imperia, Liguria occid., Varigotti, margine della strada, 07 June 1923, Gresino s.n. (FI); Imperia, Varigotti, ad viam prope Capo Noli, 11 Maj 1911, Gresino s. n. (FI); Imperia, Liguria occid., Varigotti, margine della strada, 07 June 1923, Gresino s.n. (FI); Imperia, Liguria occid., Ventimiglia, in rupi di Loreto, sine die, Panizzi s.n. (FI).
An efficient algorithm for a task allocation problem

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an efficient algorithm to solve one of the task allocation problems. Task assignment in an heterogeneous multiple processors system is investigated. The cost function is formulated in order to measure the intertask communication and processing costs in an uncapacited network. A formulation of the problem in terms of the minimization of a submodular quadratic pseudo-Boolean function with assignment constraints is then presented. The use of a branch-and-bound algorithm using a Lagrangean relaxation of these constraints is proposed. The lower bound is the value of an approximate solution to the Lagrangean dual problem. A zero-duality gap, that is, a saddle point, is characterized by checking the consistency of a pseudo-Boolean equation. A solution is found for large-scale problems (e.g., 20 processors, 50 tasks, and 200 task communications or 10 processors, 100 tasks, and 300 task communications). Excellent experimental results were obtained which are due to the weak frequency of a duality gap and the efficient characterization of the zero-gap (for practical purposes, this is achieved in linear time). Moreover, from the saddle point, it is possible to derive the optimal task assignment.
Graphite–Phosphate Composites: Structure and Voltammetric Investigations

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The utilization of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is increasing sharply with the increasing use of mobile phones, laptops, tablets, and electric vehicles worldwide. Technologies are required for the recycling and recovery of spent LIBs. In the context of the circular economy, it is urgent to search for new methods to recycle waste graphite that comes from the retired electrode of LIBs. The conversion of waste graphite into other products, such as new electrodes, in the field of energy devices is attractive because it reduces resource waste and processing costs, as well as preventing environmental pollution. In this paper, new electrode materials were prepared using waste anode graphite originating from a spent mobile phone battery with an xBT·0.1C12H22O11·(0.9-x)(NH4)2HPO4 composition, where x = 0–50 weight% BT from the anodic active mass of the spent phone battery (labeled as BT), using the melt quenching method. Analysis of the diffractograms shows the graphite crystalline phase with a hexagonal structure in all prepared samples. The particle sizes decrease by adding a higher BT amount in the composites. The average band gap is 1.32 eV (±0.3 eV). A higher disorder degree in the host network is the main factor responsible for lower band gap values. The prepared composites were tested as electrodes in an LIB or a fuel cell, achieving an excellent electrochemical performance. The voltammetric studies indicate that doping with 50% BT is the most suitable for applications as electrodes in LIBs and fuel cells.
KIF11 silencing and inhibition induces chromosome instability in human cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Chromosome Instability (CIN) is defined as an increase in the rate at which whole chromosomes or large parts are gained or lost. CIN is not only associated with virtually all tumor types, but it is associated with aggressive tumors, tumor recurrence, acquisition of multidrug resistance and poor patient prognosis. However, the genes and molecular defects that contribute to CIN are poorly understood. I hypothesize that KIF11 is an essential gene for chromosomes integrity during mitosis and therefore any defect in KIF11 expression or function will induce CIN and contribute to tumorigenesis. Accordingly, KIF11 was either silenced using siRNA or inhibited using monastrol within two distinct human cell lines and was investigated for CIN associated phenotypes. Here, I have identified and validated KIF11 as a novel CIN gene. This study represents the first steps necessary to identify and develop novel treatments design to target origins of CIN in CIN associated cancers.
Effect of different levels of inorganic fertilizers and compost as basal application on the growth and yield of onion (<i>Allium cepa</i> L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An experiment was carried out to find suitable ratio of inorganic fertilizer and compost, which could give an economic yield of onion (cv. Jaffna Local). This experiment was designed in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replicates. Treatments were recommended dosage of inorganic fertilizers as a control (T1), ¾ fold of the control treatment + compost (2 t ha-1) (T2), ½ fold of the control treatment + compost (4 t ha-1) (T3), ¼ fold of the control treatment + compost (6 t ha-1) (T4) and the compost alone (8 t ha-1) (T5). These were applied as basal application of fertilizer in this experiment. The results of this study revealed that there were significant (P<0.05) differences in the numbers of leaves and roots between the different treatments during the early stage of growth. Relatively higher yield (5.03 t ha-1) was obtained from the plants treated with inorganic fertilizers alone (T1), whereas compost alone (T5) produced the lowest yield (3.43 t ha-1). It was also noted that there were no significant (P>0.05) differences in the yields between T1 and T2 as well as T1 and T3. The inorganic fertilizers appear to have compensated with slow release of nutrients from the compost and their combined effects would have increased the yield. From this study, it could be stated that half fold of the inorganic fertilizer and compost at the rate of 4 t ha-1 (T3) could give profitable yield (4.75 t ha-1) and this combination could possibly reduce the cost of production in the cultivation of onion.Key words: compost; inorganic fertilizer; onion; yield DOI: 10.4038/jas.v5i2.2783The Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2010, vol. 5, no 2 pp.64-70
Clustering Generic Log Files Under Limited Data Assumptions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Complex computer systems are often prone to anomalous or erroneous behavior, which can lead to costly downtime as the systems are diagnosed and repaired. One source of information for diagnosing the errors and anomalies are log files, which are often generated in vast and diverse amounts. However, the log files' size and semi-structured nature makes manual analysis of log files generally infeasible. Some automation is desirable to sift through the log files to find the source of the anomalies or errors. This project aimed to develop a generic algorithm that could cluster diverse log files in accordance to domain expertise. The results show that the developed algorithm performs well in accordance to manual clustering even under more relaxed data assumptions.
Healthy Food Availability in Hartford's Corner Stores: WIC Authorization Matters

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Diet is an important modifiable risk factor for obesity and related chronic diseases which are disproportionately high among low-income and racial/ethnic minority populations. A growing field of research has documented inequalities by race and income in neighborhood access to foods recommended for a healthy diet. In October 2009, the revised food package for the Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) took effect, requiring certified stores to stock fresh produce, whole grain products and other foods consistent with national dietary recommendations. This project examined 1) differences in healthy food availability (HFA) between WIC-certified and non-certified corner stores and 2) the impact of federal changes to the WIC program on HFA in corner stores. Four rounds of food inventories were completed in 52 corner stores in Hartford, CT between January 2009 and January 2010 to measure the effect of the policy change. Analyses included chi-square, t-tests, and multivariate regression models. Participation of store owners as WIC vendors positively predicts HFA in Hartford’s corner stores. Compared to non-certified stores, WIC certified stores stocked a wider variety of revised food package foods, a higher proportion of reduced-fat milk, a greater variety of produce and were more likely to carry whole grain bread than non-WIC stores. The strength of WIC-certification as a positive predictor of HFA increased following the WIC policy changes. These findings have potential implications for intervention planning in Hartford and reflect the importance of including WIC as a variable in future food environment studies.
Prognostic Outcomes and Predictive Factors in Non-Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Patients Not Treated with Second-Generation Antiandrogens

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background/Objectives: Patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) and high-risk features frequently have progression to life-threatening metastasis without second-generation antiandrogens. This study investigated nmCRPC patients for the survival and prognostic factors from a cohort before the approved use of second-generation antiandrogens. Methods: From March 2016 to January 2021, 326 patients treated with second-generation antiandrogens for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) or metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer were retrieved. Forty-four patients experiencing nmCRPC with no use of second-generation antiandrogens were reviewed. The prognostic factors, at initial diagnosis or at nmCRPC, associated with metastasis-free survival (MFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. Results: The median follow-up time after nmCRPC was 46 months. The median PSA level at nmCRPC was 2.7 ng/mL. Thirty-eight of forty-four patients with nmCRPC had a PSA doubling time (PSADT) of 10 months or shorter, and the median PSADT was 4 months. The median OS from nmCRPC was 53 months, and the median interval for nmCRPC patients progressing to mCRPC was 20 months. Upon univariate analysis, PSADT < 10 months (p = 0.049) and the very-high-risk group at the initial diagnosis (p = 0.043) were associated with significantly shorter post-nmCRPC MFS. The very-high-risk group (p = 0.031) was associated with significantly worse post-nmCRPC OS. In terms of survivals from the initial diagnosis of prostate cancer, Gleason grade ≥ 8 was the only independent factor with MFS and OS. Conclusions: Without second-generation antiandrogens, nmCRPC patients with PSADT <10 months and in the initial very-high-risk group developed subsequent mCRPC in a significantly faster fashion. Patients of the very-high-risk group had shorter survival rates after nmCRPC.
Directed Blood Procurement Does not Benefit Patients Who Are Enrolled in an Autologous Blood Predeposit Program

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Designated or directed blood transfusion (DD) is a controversial practice; its merits are currently debated on the basis of implications for the national blood supply and on the "safety" of directed blood compared with homologous blood. An equally compelling issue for the merits of DD is whether this practice results in its putative effect: to avoid volunteer homologous blood exposure. To study this, the authors reviewed 112 consecutive patients (73 orthopedic) who predeposited autologous blood for elective surgery. This group was compared with 17 patients (all orthopedic) who predeposited autologous blood and also requested storage of designated blood. Seven of 17 patients with DD subsequently received homologous blood, compared with 11 of 112 patients without designated blood (NDD, P less than 0.01) and 3 of 35 NDD orthopedic patients asked to predonate three or more units of blood, P = 0.015. DD and NDD patients were no different when analyzed for age, sex, or units blood stored; admission, nadir, or discharge hematocrit; autologous blood transfused; days in hospital; or surgical blood loss. The authors conclude that patient requests for DD are unjustified for elective surgical patients who are eligible to donate autologous blood because DD as practiced in this setting does not avoid subsequent homologous blood exposure. Maximizing autologous blood procurement is the preferred alternative for avoiding homologous blood transfusion.
Research Article Determination of the number of harvests to select elite sugarcane genotypes in NE Brazil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sixty-eight sugarcane genotypes were evaluated to determine the number of harvests required to select new genotypes in the sugarcane belt in the state of Pernambuco, northeast Brazil. Using a random block design, the following parameters were evaluated: (i) polarizable sugars (POL) per hectare, in metric tons (TPH); (ii) culm productivity per hectare (TCH); (iii) fiber content (FIB); (iv) adjusted percent POL (PCC); (v) soluble solids (BRIX); (vi) total recoverable sugars (ATR); and (viii) metric tons of ATR per hectare (ATR t.ha-1). A variance analysis and genetic parameter estimation were carried out. Means were analyzed using the Scott and Knott test. The repeatability coefficient and the number of harvests were determined using analysis of variance, principal component analysis, and structured data analyses. The best cultivars were SP79-1011, RB952692, RB952675, RB813804, SP78-4764, RB952522, RB952511, RB953265, RB952754, RB952875, SP80-1816, RB763710, and RB892575. Two evaluations are enough to select elite genotypes in the early experimental stages, reducing the time-to-market of these cultivars by three years under the edaphic and climatic conditions in the sugarcane belt evaluated
Disposition and metabolism of [2-14C]epichlorohydrin after oral administration to rats.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A comprehensive disposition and metabolism study of epichlorohydrin (ECH) has not been previously reported. In this study, male Fischer 344 rats were dosed (6 mg/kg) orally with [2-14C]ECH (98% radiochemically pure) as an aqueous solution and killed after 3 days. Approximately 38% of the radioactive dose was exhaled as CO2, 50% was excreted as metabolites in the urine, and 3% was present in the feces. Radioactivity in tissues accounted for the remainder of the administered dose. When expressed per gram of tissue, radioactivity was highest in liver, kidney, and forestomach. The half-life of initial elimination of radioactivity in both the urine and exhaled air was about 2 hr, indicating that ECH was rapidly absorbed and metabolized. The major metabolites in the urine were identified as N-acetyl-S-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)-L-cysteine and alpha-chlorohydrin, about 36 and 4% of the administered dose, respectively. Finding these metabolites, which have not been previously reported, is consistent with the initial metabolic reactions being conjugation of the epoxide with glutathione and hydration of the epoxide.
Interconception Care for Couples After Perinatal Loss

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Perinatal loss can be emotionally devastating for couples who experience miscarriage, fetal or neonatal death. Nurses in a variety of settings can assist couples through their grief by providing emotional support, giving information about the grief process, and in planning for a future pregnancy or deciding to forego future childbearing. This article explicates the relationship between grief and perinatal loss and its effects on couples, specifically in the interconception period, when the initial grief and distress have begun to subside. Interconception care focuses on bridging the couple from the end of the postpartum period to the subsequent pregnancy or decision not to conceive again. Nurses assist couples in distinguishing between uncomplicated grief, complicated grief, and depression, and make appropriate referrals. Openness to expressions of grief, helping couples mobilize support, considering readiness for another pregnancy, and directing couples to useful Internet sites are essential nursing interventions.
Multimodality Imaging for Radiosurgical Management of Arteriovenous Malformations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rarely seen congenital vascular anomalies. AVMs may lead to intracranial hemorrages due to disorganized tangle of vessels. Lifetime risk of bleeding from AVMs may be significant given the diagnosis at typically earlier ages of the lifespan, and complications associated with hemorrhage may lead to substantial morbidity or mortality. Management of AVMs aims at eliminating or reducing the risk of subsequent bleeding. In this context, microvascular surgical resection, endovascular embolization and radiosurgical treatment may be used for management of AVMs.Objective: In this study, we assessed the incorporation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in treatment planning for AVM radiosurgery.Â Methods: We identified 25 patients receiving radiosurgery for AVMs at our institution. Radiosurgery target volumes generated by using CT-only based imaging and CT-MR fusion based imaging for each patient were evaluated.Results: Twenty five patients undergoing SRS for AVMs were evaluated for target volume determination in this study. Mean target volume was 4.9 cc (range: 1.3-15.9 cc) on CT-only imaging, 5.7 cc (range: 1.4-16.7 cc) on CT-MR fusion based imaging, and 5.9 cc (range: 1.4-16.9 cc) on consensus decision of all treating physicians with colleague peer review. Target definition based on CT-MR fusion based imaging was identical to the consensus decision of all treating physicians in majority of patients.Conclusions: Treatment planning for AVM radiosurgery may be improved by incorporating CT-MR fusion based imaging, which clearly should be supplemented with additional data from angiography. There is need for additional studies to establish a consensus on optimal target definition by multimodality imaging for SRS of AVMs.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Viral epizootic reveals inbreeding depression in a habitually inbreeding mammal.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Inbreeding is typically detrimental to fitness. However, some animal populations are reported to inbreed without incurring inbreeding depression, ostensibly due to past "purging" of deleterious alleles. Challenging this is the position that purging can, at best, only adapt a population to a particular environment; novel selective regimes will always uncover additional inbreeding load. We consider this in a prominent test case: the eusocial naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber), one of the most inbred of all free-living mammals. We investigated factors affecting mortality in a population of naked mole-rats struck by a spontaneous, lethal coronavirus outbreak. In a multivariate model, inbreeding coefficient strongly predicted mortality, with closely inbred mole-rats (F> or = 0.25) over 300% more likely to die than their outbred counterparts. We demonstrate that, contrary to common assertions, strong inbreeding depression is evident in this species. Our results suggest that loss of genetic diversity through inbreeding may render populations vulnerable to local extinction from emerging infectious diseases even when other inbreeding depression symptoms are absent. PMID: 17767596
Three component velocity measurements in an axisymmetric jet using LDA

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A commercial three-component laser Doppler anemometer (LDA) has been used to acquire a detailed set of three-dimensional mean and fluctuating velocity measurements in a low-speed air jet entering a stagnant ambient, over the first 15 jet exit diameters along the jet trajectory. These data are consistent with previous measurements in axisymmetric, turbulent jets. Mean velocity and Reynolds stress data approach a self-preserving behavior by x/D equal to about 15. However, the RMS turbulence fluctuations were not self-preserving at this axial location, as expected based upon previous experimental studies. These data confirm the ability to obtain reliable three-dimensional velocity data using the present three-dimensional LDA system.