jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Innovative Play-Based Methodologies for Development of Communication Skills of Preschoolers

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The study examines the challenges of fostering communicative competencies among preschool-aged children through play-based pedagogical approaches, addressing the need for systematic approaches to developing communication skills in early childhood education. Methodology and Methods. The research employs comprehensive theoretical analysis of fundamental characteristics underlying communicative skills, drawing upon seminal contributions from distinguished scholars including L.S. Vygotsky, A.V. Zaporozhets, M.I. Lisina, T.A. Repina, E.V. Subbotsky, S.G. Yakobson, and other prominent figures in developmental psychology and educational theory. A systematic taxonomy approach was utilized to categorize communicative competencies. Results. The investigation provides conceptual clarification of communication skills and presents a systematic taxonomy encompassing three primary dimensions: informational-communicative, regulatory-communicative, and affective-communicative competencies. Contemporary gaming methodologies demonstrating significant potential for advancing communicative skill acquisition were delineated. Evaluative criteria encompassing cognitive, motivational, and behavioral dimensions were established, with three developmental proficiency levels identified: emergent, developing, and advanced. A comprehensive diagnostic protocol for assessing communicative skill development in preschool populations was developed. Scientific novelty. The research elucidates scientific and theoretical frameworks underlying communicative skill development in preschool children, conceptualizing play-based activities as efficacious pedagogical instruments that facilitate acquisition of effective interpersonal interaction strategies and enhance comprehensive language development. Practical significance. Evidence-based methodological guidelines for educators were formulated to enhance communicative competency levels of young learners, providing practical tools for implementing play-based approaches in preschool educational settings.
Spiral Wave Nucleation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

this article we present a mechanism for the onset of spatio-temporal disorder associated with front structures. This type of disorder is illustrated by a numerical solution of a bistable FitzHugh Nagumo (FHN) type reaction-diffusion system (Fig. 1). An almost flat front, connecting the two stable uniform stationary states, begins traveling through the system. The front represents an &quot;up&quot; state (black) invading a &quot;down&quot; state (white). Initial nonuniform perturbations of the front position grow into wiggles which nucleate pairs of spiral waves (see the Appendix for a different view of the middle frame in Fig. 1). The solution then evolves into a disordered state with repeated events of domain splitting and spiral-wave nucleation and annihilation. Similar phenomena have been observed in experiments on the ferrocyanide-iodate-sulfite (FIS) reaction [14, 15]
The Computational Similarity of Binding and Long-Distance Consonant Dissimilation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This work shows that the binding patterns are computationally similar to long-distance consonant dissimilation. From a computational point of view, phonological patterns have long been hypothesized to be regular. More recent work has suggested this holds for syntax as well, given the correct representation. By examining binding conditions from morpho-syntactic transformational point of view, we show that binding conditions can be logically characterized in a parallel way to long-distance consonant dissimilation. The similarity shows that binding patterns as transformations fall into a subsequential class, a subregular class of transformations which is considered to capture a great deal of segmental phonological process. This result adds further support to the subregular hypothesis for syntax.
The Employment Impact of the New Economy Initiative (NEI) on the Detroit Region and the State of Michigan

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The New Economy Initiative (NEI) is a collaboration of multiple foundations with the purpose of driving economic growth in Southeast Michigan through entrepreneurship and small business development. Responding to the dire economic conditions in the Detroit area, 10 foundations in Michigan stepped forward in 2007 and pledged $100 million to help turn around the loss of jobs and the loss of entrepreneurial spirit in the area. The resources committed by the philanthropic community are unprecedented for such a focused economic development effort, but so are the challenges.From 2000 to 2010, when employment fell to its lowest, the Detroit metro area lost nearly a quarter of the jobs it had at the beginning of the decade, and the loss of jobs in the city of Detroit was even worse. Since 2010, the employment picture has looked a little brighter, although much more needs to be done, in the words of NEI, "to return Detroit to its position as a global economic leader."As of November 1st , NEI has supported, through its own grant-making and partnerships with other resources, more than 1,600 companies in the greater Detroit area, giving out 215 grants totaling more than $93 million.1 The impact of this investment is far-reaching for the region. NEI contracted with the Upjohn Institute for Employment Research to estimate the impact of its investment on the greater Detroit regional economy. The purpose of this analysis is to estimate the number of jobs created—both directly by the organizations supported by NEI and indirectly by the impact those jobs have in creating additional jobs across the region.
The Effects of Human Resource Practices on Job Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Affective Organizational Commitment and Organizational Identification (Study on Millennial Generation Employees in Indonesia)

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to analyze the effect of human resource practices on job satisfaction both directly and through the mediation of affective organizational commitment and organizational identification. This study uses quantitative method with a digital questionnaire to collect data taken through socia
Im Horizont des Allgemeinen

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The world in which people literally fight for their survival, dignity or identity is a world of conflict and violence. These contradictions will not dissolve, so taking sides also means mobilising resistance, and expressing outrage together with others. The working alliances that are formed on a case-by-case basis have joined forces against an environment in which law is only spoken as law configured by the nation state, in which citizens stand against stateless people. What is in question here is not only what constitutes social aid, what norms it follows and what image of itself it represents. What is in question is nothing less than the global relationship, in which the medical, care, social work and rescue professions are embedded. What concretely takes place in the social sphere needs clarification. To what concept of the world are the medical, care, social work and rescue professions referred, whose self-image includes paying attention to the well-being of the individual as well as positively shaping the state of the world as a whole?
PaCT: Faculty Validation of Patient-Centered Communication Tools

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives: To determine reliability and validity of the Patient-centered Communication Tools (PaCT). Method: Faculty trained in using PaCT assessed student pharmacist video performances of standardized patient interviews. Performances were rated on a 5-point scale for 22 analyzed skills grouped into five tools: (A) Establish a Connection, (B) Explore and Integrate the Patient’s Perspective, (C) Demonstrate Interest andEmpathy, (D) Collaborate and Educate, and (E) Communicate with Finesse. Two analyses evaluated reliability: the same faculty member rating and re-rating a video three months later (reliability) and two faculty members rating a video for the first time (inter-rater reliability). To assess predictive validity and tool sensitivity/specificity,performance scores by trained raters of both the PaCT and another validated tool, the Four Habits Model (FHM), were compared. Results: For reliability analysis, total scores were well correlated (r=0.75, p<0.001). Correlations were also significant for tools C, D, and E (p<0.01). Tools A and B correlated at a p<0.10, approaching significance. Fifteen of 22 analyzed skills were significantly correlated. Inter-rater reliability results were more limited with significant correlations for 5 of 22 analyzed skills, significant correlations for tools C (p<0.01) and E (p<0.05), and no overall total correlation. The total PaCT and FHM scores were significantly correlated (r=0.71, p<0.05) supporting the validity of the PaCT. Implications: The PaCT is now a validated assessment tool indicated for measuring student pharmacist’s communication. Further rater training or editing of individual skills may improve inter-rater reliability.
Theoretical trajectories within communities of practice in higher education research

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this article, the role of theory in higher education research is problematised using a communities of practice framework. Drawing on a case study derived from the author's own published work and doctoral study, the article concludes that the differential uses of theory within communities of research practice can be fruitfully explored, in part, through a consideration of the ways in which the explicit use of theory by newcomers to the community is, or is not, sustained as community membership deepens. The article concludes by suggesting that the differential use of theory amongst communities of educational researchers constitutes a problematic object of practice that requires critical exploration.
Pseudopolymorphic transitions of niclosamide monitored by Raman spectroscopy

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Niclosamide suffers pseudopolymorphic transformations when exposed to different ambient conditions, which can lead to changes in its bioavailability. In this study, the kinetics of the pseudopolymorphic transitions of niclosamide crystals are characterized. FT‐Raman spectroscopy is used to quantify the anhydrate and hydrate forms of niclosamide crystals, mostly because of its high sensitivity to the strong intermolecular interactions present in these systems. The samples are exposed to well‐characterized relative humidity (RH) conditions during different periods of time and both water diffusion and polymorphic changes are monitored from the corresponding changes observed in the vibrational spectra. Both hydration and dehydration were found to be single‐step processes, with a half‐life time of ca . 142 and 63 h, respectively, at 24 °C. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphogenetic potential of long-term callus cultures ofActinidia deliciosa

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SummaryPlant regeneration of Actinidia deliciosa Liang and Ferguson (kiwifruit) has been established from long-term cultured petiole callus. Transfer of callus to MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg 1−1 6-BAP and 2.0 mg l−1 IAA gave roots whilst shoot regeneration was induced, from callus and the newly formed roots, when both tissues were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg 1−1 zeatin alone.
Using Historic GLO Data and GIS to Assess the Potential for Local Bison Bison Near Two Wisconsin Late Prehistoric Oneota Localities

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Bison (Bison bison) remains are rare in the archaeological record of Wisconsin. This thesis uses a Geographic Information System (GIS) to better understand native vegetation near sites with reported bison bone to assess their ecological viability to support local bison herds. The distribution of bison bone recovered in archaeological contexts in Wisconsin can be summarized as follows: few sites report bison remains, the archaeological contexts that do report bison are clustered in a few Late Prehistoric period locations (approximately A.D. 1300-1650), and bison remains are rare in comparison to other fauna at those sites (Arzigian et al. 1989; Boszhardt 1989, 2000; Boszhardt and McCarthy 1999; Brown and Sasso 2001; Dirst 1985; Gibbon 1970; Jeske et al. 2017; Kreisa 1986; McQuin 2010; Peske 1966, 1971; Sasso 1993, 2014; Scott 1994; Shay 1978; Stevenson 1994; Stoltman 1973; Theler 1994b, 2000; Theler and Boszhardt 2003, 2006; Theler and Pfaffenroth 2010). Sasso (1993, 2014) summarizes three major hypotheses about how bison were acquired by Wisconsin’s prehistoric and historic native residents: local hunting, non-local hunting, or trade acquisition. One comparative approach to assessing the viability of a local hunting hypothesis versus other hypotheses is to consider the vegetative needs of a bison herd, and to model local vegetation around the sites where bison bones have been recovered. This thesis attempts that by considering historic accounts of vegetation, bison biological needs, and GIS modeling.
Land reform and land tenure for agricultural transformation in Southern Africa

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter deals with land reform in Southern Africa in relation to agricultural transformation. A historical background to land reform and the prevalent land tenure systems are discussed, including policy interventions to reform land tenure systems to increase security of tenure for the people that occupy and use the land. The chapter proffers several pieces of policy advice to support successful land reform processes that ensure more equitable land distribution while enhancing the economic and social value of the land based on international lessons learned.
Text, wine and culture

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter positions an exploration of text, wine and culture as integral to understanding how wine has become such a deep symbolic reservoir in many wine-producing cultures and is now capturing the imagination and seducing the palate of even more cultures around the world. Defining text as any cultural object that has representational or symbolic value, offering multi-dimensional layers of understanding and encouraging reader engagement, this chapter engages specifically with literature, art and film to demonstrate the rich polysemy and broad impact of wine texts across the ages. While anthologies and scholarly work in the field provide some excellent foundations for reflection on this topic, there is great scope for further study of text, wine and culture.
Demographic Change and Fiscal Policy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

As public expenditures on health, education and transfer programmes increase, demographic change has a growing impact on public expenditures, and the incentives for behaviour created by public transfer programs increase as well. The essays in this volume discuss such topics as: demographic change and the outlook for Social Security and Medicare in the United States; long-term decision making under uncertainty; the effect of changing family structure on government spending; how the structure of public retirement policies has encouraged early retirement in some countries and not others; the response of local community spending to demographic change; and related topics. Contributors include many of the world's leading public finance economists and economic demographers.
The effective action of type II Calabi‐Yau orientifolds

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This article first reviews the calculation of the N = 1 effective action for generic type IIA and type IIB Calabi‐Yau orientifolds in the presence of background fluxes by using a Kaluza‐Klein reduction. The Kähler potential, the gauge kinetic functions and the flux‐induced superpotential are determined in terms of geometrical data of the Calabi‐Yau orientifold and the background fluxes. As a new result, it is shown that the chiral description directly relates to Hitchin's generalized geometry encoded by special odd and even forms on a threefold, whereas a dual formulation with several linear multiplets makes contact to the underlying N = 2 special geometry. In type IIB setups, the flux‐potentials can be expressed in terms of superpotentials, D‐terms and, generically, a massive linear multiplet. The type IIA superpotential depends on all geometric moduli of the theory. It is reviewed, how type IIA orientifolds arise as a special limit of M‐theory compactified on specific G 2 manifolds by matching the effective actions. In a similar spirit type IIB orientifolds are shown to descend from F‐theory on a specific class of Calabi‐Yau fourfolds. In addition, mirror symmetry for Calabi‐Yau orientifolds is briefly discussed and it is shown that the N = 1 chiral coordinates linearize the appropriate instanton actions.
Access to Weapons: A Comparative Analysis Between Poland and the United States

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Objectives: In this article, we attempt to answer the following question: is there a need to liberalise policies and laws to allow the Polish citizens to have a greater access to weapons? We compare the Polish and the American regulations in this area. In our attempts to understand possible ramifications for Poland’s greater access to weapons, we review the American experience with firearms with emphasis on ownership history, the current debates, a comparative analysis of other dangers, and policy implications. In the conclusion, we employ the culture theory of risk to highlight the debates. The article draws attention to aspects meaningful in the context of shaping the policy of access to weapons and the direction of possible changes in legal regulations in this area. Research Design & Methods: The methods used in this article revolve round literature reviews of the debates, statistical data, a survey analysis, and an analysis of legal regulations. Findings: Restrictions on the access to weapons in Poland may not be desirable. They can limit civic rights and prevent a potential net gain of financial revenue. On the other hand, too liberal access to weapons can be potentially dangerous for the safety and well-being of the citizens. Implications / Recommendations: We believe that more research in this area needs to be conducted with a greater focus on the culture theory of risk as well as other paradigms which employ the latest statistics for a broader social-research agenda. We observe a lack of research and literature in this area. Contribution / Value Added: Given the current social and economic climate in Poland and in the United States, we find this research study to be both timely and important. Specifically, on December 14, 2019, new arms regulations entered into force in Poland. On the other hand, President Joe Biden has recently positioned himself on taking a more rigorous approach to firearm violence. Article classification: research article JEL classification: K14, K19
Litter can enhance pasture establishment on non-cultivable hill country

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effect of litter (dead vegetation) on establishment of an autumn-sown grass-legume-herb mix was investigated in non-cultivable hill country in Waikato (2013) and in Canterbury (2013, 2014, 2015). In Waikato, increasing litter height increased establishment of sown species by over 3-fold when comparing establishment from herbicide-treated swards with 7 cm or 0 cm (bare ground) of litter (660 versus 190 seedlings/m2). Only perennial ryegrass and white clover established of the seven oversown species in Waikato and none established in Canterbury. In Canterbury, soil surface temperatures were reduced and soil moisture was greater under 7 cm than 0 cm of litter, resulting in a 20% and 50% increase in average soil moisture content on the north and south aspects, respectively. It was concluded that litter enhanced establishment of perennial ryegrass and white clover in Waikato but the ameliorating effect of litter on the soil micro-climate was insufficient to enhance establishment in Canterbury. Keywords: oversowing, pasture establishment, pasture species
Ancient Disease, Modern Epidemiology: A Century of Progress in Understanding and Fighting Tuberculosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A century's worth of efforts to better understand the epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) and to develop new vaccines, drugs, preventive interventions, and case-finding approaches have provided important insights and helped to advance the field of epidemiology as a whole. Wade Hampton Frost developed methods for cohort analysis that formed the early basis for adjustment of confounding variables. The streptomycin trial in the United Kingdom in the 1940s introduced random allocation for participants to either the treatment or control group, ensuring blinded treatment assignment and comparable treatment groups, which is now a key element in randomized clinical trials. Research into the bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine demonstrated the importance of comparative analyses, potential difficulties in generalizability to populations not under study, and the role of meta-analysis for discrepant data-approaches now strongly recommended prior to implementing any novel public health intervention. George Comstock's work on preventive therapy for TB demonstrated the use of epidemiologic methods to evaluate interventions on a population level. Finally, studies from the Consortium to Respond Effectively to the AIDS/TB Epidemic focused on the evaluation of real-world effectiveness and of targeting of high-risk subpopulations. In this article, we discuss how TB research in each of these domains has helped to advance epidemiologic thinking and methodology over the past 100 years.
[Intravenously disopyramide phosphate administration for treatment of arrhythmias].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Disopyramide phosphate (DF) was administered intravenously to 50 patients during 55 episodes of arrhythmias. The mean dosage employed was 2 +/- 1.4 mg/kg over a period of 3 minutes to 60 minutes (mean 16 +/- 6'), followed by an infusion at a dose of 0.4 mg/kg/hr in 9 cases. Atrial premature beats were suppressed in 3 of 4 treated cases (75%). Conversion to sinus rhythm was achieved in 4 of 5 (80%) cases of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, unresponsive to vagal maneuvers in 7 of 10 cases (70%) of atrial flutter of recent onset (less than 48 hours) and in 13 of 17 (76%) cases of atrial fibrillation (less than one week in duration). In 9 of 11 cases (81%) with frequent, multiform, repetitive ventricular premature beats and in 7 of 8 cases (87%) of ventricular tachycardia, DF completely suppressed the arrhythmia. The drug increased sinus rate, PR and QRS intervals, but the difference was not statistically significant: the QRS of patients with complete bundle branch block and the QTc interval were significantly prolonged. Severe hypotension was observed in 10 patients after DF i.v., in 5 of whom withdrawal of therapy was deemed to be necessary. Nine other patients had anticholinergic side effects. Our study shows that DF administered i.v. can be used successfully in 75% of supraventricular arrhythmias and in 82% of ventricular arrhythmias.