jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Value-Added Decisions in Oncology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Registration of new anticancer drugs is decided too often not by their clinical value but by a p value. Approval is granted if the difference in an acceptable time-to-event outcome measure differs between experimental and control arms of a randomized controlled trial, such that the null hypothesis can be rejected based on a statistical test that meets the arbitrary criterion of p < .05. However, as stated by the American Statistical Association, a p value does not measure the size of an effect or the importance of a result; it does not provide a good measure of evidence related to a hypothesis, and policy decisions should not be made on the basis of whether a p value passes a specific threshold. Unfortunately, this statement is ignored by most journals, which emphasize p values in reporting results of clinical trials, and by regulatory agencies, such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency; a significant p value is often a necessary and sufficient criterion for granting marketing approval. As a result, pharmaceutical companies often design large trials to increase the probability that a small difference in the primary outcome measure will be “significant.” Moreover, the market price set for such drugs bears no relationship to the level of their benefit; drugs with small effects on outcome are sold at roughly the same price as “good drugs” that convey substantial benefit.
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes from adjuvant arthritis rat were transfected with plasmid over-expressed TIPE2 and its related analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Fibroblast-like synoviocytes from adjuvant arthritis( AA) rat were transfected with plasmid over-ex- pressed TIPE2+ / +,then apoptosis mediated by TIPE2 on DR5 and its pathological role in adjuvant arthritis( AA) were studied in vitro. Methods: The plasmid of MIGR1 / TIPE2+ / +were transfected to AA-FLS by liposome,after 72 h,the expression of GFP gene that plasmid owned was identified by fluorescence microscope in confirm transfection efficiency,TIPE2 mRNA expression was detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction( RT-PCR),TIPE2 protein expression of AA-FLS were detected by Western blot. The growth resistance of cells mediated by ZF1( DR5 single chain antibody) was detected by MTT method and flow cy- tometry. Results: Plasmid over-expressed TIPE2+ / +were transfected to AA-FLS successfully as the fluorescence intensity reached 90%,TIPE2 mRNA and protein expression were significantly improved. Furthermore,the growth inhibition and apoptosis induction effect on FLS / TIPE2+ / +were significant,compared with FLS without processing. Conclusion: TIPE2 expression level in AA-FLS are significantly improved by transfecting plasmid expressed TIPE2+ / +,TIPE2 plays an important pathological role in apoptosis mediated by DR5.
Modeling instabilities of electrically driven jets with finite conductivity under constant or variable applied field

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the problem of spatial (S), combined spatial and temporal (CST), and non-linear temporal instability (NLT) of electrically driven viscous jets with finite electrical conductivity and in the presence of either a constant or a variable applied electric field. A mathematical model, which is developed and used for the spatially growing disturbances in electrically driven jet flows, leads to a lengthy equation for the unknown growth rate and frequency of the disturbances. This equation is solved numerically using Newton‟s Method. For neutral temporal stability boundary, we find, in particular, two new spatial modes of instability under certain conditions. One of these modes is enhanced by the strength of the applied field, while the other mode decays with increasing. The growth rates of both modes increase mostly with decreasing the axial wavelength of the disturbances. For the case of variable applied field, we found the growth rates of the spatial instability modes to be higher than the corresponding ones for constant applied field, provided is not too small. The cases for CST and NLT instabilities are also presented in this investigation and the importance of such cases willbe discussed.
CORRELATION BETWEEN, BMI, HbA1C AND FASTING LIPID PROFILE IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Body Mass Index (BMI), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and deranged fasting lipid profile forecast macro and microvascular changes. The macrovascular changes in coronary system are too common. Aims: The purpose of our current research was to determine correlation of HbA1c,BMI and fasting lipid with acute coronary syndrome. Design: Cross sectional study design was used. Methods and Material: The study was conducted at Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi. A total of 200 individuals admitted with recent diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome were enrolled in current study. Sampling was done for HbA1c and fasting lipid profile. BMI was noted. Statistical analysis used: Data was analyzed by using SPSS 24. Chi square test was applied, and p value was determined. Results: The Chi square trial offered very unimportant p-value of 0.9785 that displays that developed HbA1c does not interpret to the developed Body Mass Index. THIS IS NOT ACCORDING TO TOPIC OF STUDY change it accordingly Conclusions: BMI and HbA1c are associated with LDL in Lipid profile. BMI and HbA1c are independently associated with danger of emerging severe coronary disease. Keywords: BMI, HbA1c, Severe coronary condition, DM Type-2, Fasting lipid outline.
Radio in Balochistan: An analysis of FM Radio Channels Operating in Quetta

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There is no doubt that the FM radio has influenced almost every society around the globe. It also correlates the interaction of the listeners with its environment and surroundings. Radio is the most effective tool of communication since its birth. Before the arrival of television, radio was an important part of household. The transmission of radio is almost available in every part of the country. With advent of technology and availability of resources the FM radio channels were also encouraged to operate. Although the primary purpose of FM radio was entertainment and information, which made it rapidly popular across the country. As its popularity increased across Pakistan, it also became popular in Quetta. This study discusses the emergence and growth of radio in Balochistan and also analyzes FM radio operations in Quetta city. Key Words: FM Radio, Quetta, Balochistan, Music, Entertainment
BIOINFORMATICS APPLICATIONS NOTE doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btu559 Structural bioinformatics Advance Access publication August 20, 2014 GlycoPattern: a web platform for glycan array mining

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Summary: GlycoPattern is Web-based bioinformatics resource to support the analysis of glycan array data for the Consortium for Functional Glycomics. This resource includes algorithms and tools to discover structural motifs, a heatmap visualization to compare mul-tiple experiments, hierarchical clustering of Glycan Binding Proteins with respect to their binding motifs and a structural search feature on the experimental data. Availability and implementation: GlycoPattern is freely available on the Web at
Perspectives of African Americans Diagnosed with End Stage Renal Disease and Their Perceptions Regarding Accessibility of Care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

End stage renal disease (ESRD) is the final phase of kidney disease. African Americans make up 35% of all ESRD cases, which is rising. They lead all other racial groups and are 3 times more likely to be diagnosed with ESRD. Researchers have reported quantitative results involving this population, but none have focused on their experiences. The researcher sought to capture the experiences of these patients and their perceptions regarding access to healthcare to determine the role that access to care played in their condition. Interviews were conducted to gain an understanding of their experiences related to their use of healthcare services. The narrative approach allowed recreation of 10 participants’ personal stories. Findings show health literacy, lack of trust in the healthcare system, poor relationships with providers, unwillingness to adhere to medical advice, and inability to avoid conditions that cause ESRD were identified as barriers. Participants emphasized desires to help other African Americans avoid ESRD and its devastating life changing events. Additional qualitative studies are needed to capture more experiences of African Americans to help spread awareness to improve health literacy, incorporating enhanced cultural competence for healthcare professionals, and additional training in relationship-building to improve trust between patients and providers. Successful implementation of these social changes would potentially impact the African American community and healthcare professionals caring for them.
Evaluation of a Myriophyllum spicatum decline in reservoirs of the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : From 1989 through 1991, Myriophyllum spicatum (Eurasian watermilfoil) and other submersed macrophyte species declined markedly in many locations within reservoirs of the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers. Environmental characteristics and vegetation cover histories were compared for locations in which plants declined, declined and then recovered, or remained stable. Sediment samples from these locations were planted with M. spicatum, and plants were grown under standard conditions. Sediments from decline and nondecline areas did not differ significantly in their ability to support M. spicatum growth. Of the environmental and sediment characteristics measured, only light availability (calculated as Secchi depth/water depth) differed significantly between decline and nondecline sites. Recovery of M. spicatum populations by 1993 in many decline sites suggests that these declines were short-term phenomena, probably resulting from climatic conditions during 1989-1991. If declines resulting from sediment-related mechanisms occur, they are likely to be long lasting and localized.
Coronavirus pandemic in the EU – Fundamental Rights Implications in Luxembourg -July2020

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The state of emergency which was declared for three months in Luxembourg came to its end on 24 June 2020. After three weeks of intense legislative work, on 22 June 2020 the parliament adopted two “COVID-19 laws” to provide a continuous legislative framework addressing the COVID-19 situation after the end of the state of emergency. The first piece of legislation contains measures with respect to individuals. They revolve around the limitation of mass gatherings, the application of protective measures such as wearing face masks or social distancing, and the identification, follow-up and removal of infected and potentially infected people. The second piece of legislation targets measures relating to economic, sporting or cultural activities and welcoming the public. It reinforces the current health restrictions and rules, for example in restaurants, bars, and cafes.
Spatial Inequality in the Southeast Asian Intercity Transport Network

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Spatial inequality in transport access is both the driver and outcome of rising economic inequality in Southeast Asia. Unlike many regional disparity studies that focus on national economic indicators, this paper takes an urban network approach to assess the spatial inequality in Southeast Asian intercity transport network. We analyze urban connectivity in intercity road, rail, and air networks for a total of 47 Southeast Asian cities. Spatial inequality at the city and network level is revealed via centrality measures and community detection, respectively. Gini coefficients for individual centrality rankings point to a hierarchical degree distribution, a rather even distribution of closeness centrality, and a highly concentrated distribution of betweenness centrality. Four network communities are identified, reflecting the influences of entrenched uneven development, fragmented geography, and economic and political policies.
PENGARUH DIMENSI BRAND COMMUNITY TERHADAP PURCHASE INTENTION

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The object of this research is members of the Mi Fans Indonesia (A case study of the Mi Fans Indonesia). The sample determination uses purposive sampling as many as 79 people. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that: 1) Consciousness of kind has a significant effect on the purchase intention of the Mi Fans Indonesia. 2) Rituals and traditions have no significant effect on the purchase intention of the Mi Fans Indonesia. 3) Moral responsibility has a significant effect on the purchase intention of the Mi Fans Indonesia. 4) Brand communities have a significant effect on the purchase intention of the Mi Fans Indonesia.The advice to Xiaomi brand is expected to further increase their closeness to the Mi Fans communities at the regional to national level, the Xiaomi brand is expected to further improve product quality and after-sales service to increase community members' trust in the Xiaomi brand, and researchers are expected to be able to search other factors that can affect the purchase intention of the Mi Fans Indonesia.
Keywords: Brand community, consciousness of kind, ritual and tradition, moral responsibility, purchase intention.
Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activities of Co3O4–ZnO Nanocomposites Using Calpurnia aurea Leaf Extract

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The green synthesis of transition metal oxide nanocomposites using plant extracts is a new and effective method that avoids the involvement of hazardous chemicals. Nondegradable organic pollutants and antibiotic drug resistance have become serious public health issues worldwide. Hence, the main objective of this study is to synthesize Co3O4-ZnO nanocomposites using Calpurnia aurea leaf extract and evaluate its photocatalytic and antibacterial activities. The green synthesized particles were characterized using UV-vis spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction techniques, and scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray studies. The synthesized particles were found to be crystalline in nature with average crystallite sizes of 23.82, 14.79, 15.99, 16.46, and 21.73 nm. Scanning electron microscopy shows the spherical morphology of Co3O4-ZnO NCs, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis confirms the formation of highly pure ZnO NPs and Co3O4-ZnO NCs. The photocatalytic activity was performed under natural sunlight using malachite green as an organic dye pollutant. The green synthesized ZnO NPs, Co3O4 NPs, 1:4, 1:3, and 1:2 Co3O4-ZnO NCs showed high degradation efficiency after 60 min of irradiation. The synthetic material showed good potential against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with the highest growth inhibition recorded by 1:2 Co3O4-ZnO NCs. The kinetics study of the photocatalytic degradation was confirmed as pseudo first order, and the possible mechanisms for both photocatalytic and antibacterial activities were clearly determined.
On the Chromosomes of the Ring Dove, Streptopelia Risoria.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The chromosome number of the ring dove has been reported by Guyer (19o2) and Hance (1932).Guyer found that the diploid number in the spermatogonium was 16, while Hance recently reported that the number in pigeons and doves was probably 50 or more, and that the sex mechanism was essentially as represented by Oguma, the sex chromosome being the largest in the complex.Oguma (1927) reported on the chromosomes of the pigeon, Columba livia, which is in close relation with the ring dove, and elucidated that (I) the diploid number of chromosomes was 6z in the male and 61 in the female and (z) as to the sex chromosomes the male was X X and the female XO.According to the studies on the sex-linked inheritance in the ring dove made by the senior author (Tange, 1934) the male was recognized to be homozygous in sex and the female heterozygous.The present studies were made to determine the chromosome number in the testes Qf the ring dove, the technical procedure being carried out by the junior author.The testes were taken from the birds reared at the authors' Laboratory, and the fixatives used were as follows :Flemming's strong solution without acetic acid, (ii) the same fluid diluted to i/z or 1/3 of its strength, (iii) Champy's solution, and (iv) the same fluid diluted to I/2. or 1/3 of its strength.Of these the Flemming's strong solution without acetic acid diluted to 1/3 of its strength seemed to be the best.Chura's picro-glacial acetic acid bath (Chura, 1925) modified or more strongly concentrated and used by Minouchi (1927) was employed to remove the cellular inclusion as well as to intensify the staining capacity of the chromatin.The sections were stained with Heidenhain's iron-alum-haematoxylin. 66 chromosomes were seen in the spermatogonia.1 metaphase as shown in Figs.i and z.They consisted of 4 large V-shaped, 2 long rod-like, o medium sized V-shaped or rod-like, 4 shorter rod-like, and 46 dot-like
Study on extraction of flavonoids substances from edible cactus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The extraction method of flavonoids substances from edible cactus was studied by the methods of ultrasonic extraction,extraction with reflux and soxhlet extraction.The content of flavonoids was determined by UV-2102C spectrophotometer.The best method was extraction with reflux,and the best conditions were:70% ethanol solvent in 90℃,the rate of material liquid was 1∶20,extraction time was 2h,and the flavonoids substances in edible cactus was 3.2775mg/g.
Innovative Method of Devulcanizing Waste Rubber from the Automotive Industry

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Chemical devulcanization of waste rubber from the automotive industry was carried using benzoyl peroxide as devulcanizing agent and, o-xylene and toluene, as solvents. The effect of time on the process of devulcanizing was investigated. The extent of sulphur removal from the reclaimed rubber was studied by using EDAX technique. Thus, this devulcanized rubber can be blended with virgin rubber and on revulcanizing the mixture, it becomes possible to reuse waste rubber and give it a new life.
Determination of optimal imaging parameters of hyperspectral images using the identification module

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This paper is devoted to imaging with hyperspectral camera on the developed prototype of optical system for identification of micro- and macrodamage of plant tissues. The presented device is used for imaging process to detect fruit diseases at an early stage. Hyperspectral monitoring is a proven non-invasive method for detecting foetal damage. Hyperspectral imaging is a collection of spatially resolved spectral images representing an object or landscape. This data can be used to determine characteristics and parameters of fruit that indicate the presence of damage. This study reports on a triplicate experiment to determine the optimum parameters at which a hyperspectral image suitable for further detection and analysis of apples is obtained without the detection process slowing down the conveyor belt. This paper presents an optical identification device, which is a set of guides and racks on which a platform with a holder and a hyperspectral sensor attached to it moves. The recording and analysis of the hyperspectral cube was carried out using BaySpec’s SpecGrabber and Gelion. Data processing of the planned experiment was carried out in the MatchCad 15 environment and the PlanExp B-D13 v.1.0 programme. To find the combination of factors giving the optimum value of the output parameter. In the course of calculations the results of statistical processing of the obtained data and the conclusion on the adequacy of the mathematical model were obtained, on the basis of which it was decided that the model is applicable for solving production problems and the extrema of the response function were obtained, which correspond to the values of optimal factors. The main parameters affecting the acquisition of hyperspectral images suitable for subsequent analysis are the speed of movement of the bracket with the camera, the illumination of the biological object and the height of the camera installation. These parameters are variable and their combination directly affects the image quality expressed in pixels.
Structural and Electrical Characterization of Atomic Carbon Chains in the Electron Microscope

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Individual chains of carbon atoms can be created and characterized by in situ experiments in the transmission electron microscope. The imaging of the chains as well as measurements of their electrical properties are getting possible. Fundamental properties of carbon chains as perfectly one-dimensional conductors are revealed such as the existence of the two phases cumulene and polyyne and the applicability of Peierls theorem of linear metals.
Organizing Healthcare for Optimal Acute Ischemic Stroke Treatment

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Stroke is a major health-care problem that represents a leading cause of death and also the top cause of disability in adulthood. In recent years there has been a significant paradigm shift in treatments for acute ischemic stroke to favor earlier reperfusion therapy, mainly using the systemic infusion of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. Subsequent trials found that combining this treatment with endovascular therapy was effective in selected patients. The increased complexity of acute stroke treatments has resulted in a substantial reorganization of stroke care. This review reports on the evolution of acute ischemic stroke treatment and describes the main organizational models based on the hub-and-spoke system. The lack of evidence for comparisons of the effectiveness of different paradigms means that some decision-analysis models predicting the best organizational pathways are also reported, with a particular emphasis on the workflow timing in the prehospital and in-hospital settings. Major benchmarks and performance measures are also reported, focusing on the timing of interventions and rates of process indicators. Finally, future directions are illustrated, including using telemedicine for stroke, mobile stroke units, and artificial intelligence and automated machines to produce software for detecting large-vessel occlusion.