jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Apoptosis in the myocardium of the adult dromedary camel: Ultrastructural characterization

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Summary Apoptosis is a highly regulated mode of cell death that occurs in the absence of inflammation. Light microscopic (LM) examination of the myocardium of apparently healthy camel did not reveal evidence of apoptosis in any samples; however, evidence of apoptosis was apparent by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The most common apoptotic features observed by TEM included (1) an intact sarcolemma with some bleb formation; (2) nuclear chromatin condensation and margination with nucleolar disruption; (3) mitochondrial swelling and disorganization, accompanied by degeneration or hypercondensation of cristae; and (4) an intercalated disc region with a higher-than-normal mitochondrion/myofibril ratio, or surrounded from both sides by asymmetrically contracted sarcomeres. Apoptotic alterations were also noted among the endothelial cells lining the microvasculature of the myocardium. These alterations included (1) marked nuclear chromatin condensation and margination; (2) villous blebs on the adluminal plasmalemma, which projected into the lumen; (3) cytoplasmic vacuolation; (4) presence of intraluminal membranebounded vesicles; and (5) occasional pericapillary edema and accumulations of cellular debris. The results of this study indicate that myocardial apoptosis can occur in apparently healthy camels, in the absence of a clear-cut etiology.
Integrative Analysis of Micro‐RNA, Gene Expression, and Survival of Glioblastoma Multiforme

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common type of malignant brain tumor, is highly fatal. Limited understanding of its rapid progression necessitates additional approaches that integrate what is known about the genomics of this cancer. Using a discovery set ( n = 348) and a validation set ( n = 174) of GBM patients, we performed genome‐wide analyses that integrated mRNA and micro‐RNA expression data from GBM as well as associated survival information, assessing coordinated variability in each as this reflects their known mechanistic functions. Cox proportional hazards models were used for the survival analyses, and nonparametric permutation tests were performed for the micro‐RNAs to investigate the association between the number of associated genes and its prognostication. We also utilized mediation analyses for micro‐RNA‐gene pairs to identify their mediation effects. Genome‐wide analyses revealed a novel pattern: micro‐RNAs related to more gene expressions are more likely to be associated with GBM survival ( P = 4.8 × 10 −5 ). Genome‐wide mediation analyses for the 32,660 micro‐RNA‐gene pairs with strong association (false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.01%) identified 51 validated pairs with significant mediation effect. Of the 51 pairs, miR‐223 had 16 mediation genes. These 16 mediation genes of miR‐223 were also highly associated with various other micro‐RNAs and mediated their prognostic effects as well. We further constructed a gene signature using the 16 genes, which was highly associated with GBM survival in both the discovery and validation sets ( P = 9.8 × 10 −6 ). This comprehensive study discovered mediation effects of micro‐RNA to gene expression and GBM survival and provided a new analytic framework for integrative genomics.
Subband image coding using entropy-coded quantization over noisy channels

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The design and performance of two entropy-coded subband image coding schemes are studied. The difference between these schemes is the procedure used for encoding the lowest-frequency subband; predictive coding is used in one system and transform coding in the other. Other subbands are encoded using zero-memory quantization. It is shown that, in the absence of channel noise, both schemes perform better than other subband coding methods. The unacceptable sensitivity of these schemes to transmission noise is demonstrated, and a combined source/channel coding scheme in which rate-compatible punctured convolutional codes are used to provide protection against channel noise is developed. In the presence of channel noise, these channel-optimized schemes offer dramatic performance improvements over schemes designed based on a noiseless-channel assumption.< >
Social representations of different generations about everyday life of homosexuals in modern Russia

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Introduction The problem of homosexuality is constantly in the spotlight of the mass media, social media and politicians. At the same time, the cultural and national specificity of attitudes towards the phenomenon of homosexuality seems obvious, as well as a significant polarization of opinions within Russian society itself. With significant attention to this issue, there are not many attempts to analyze the socio-psychological basis of representations about homosexuality. At the same time, in a number of foreign studies it was revealed that the modern Z Gen is distinguished by greater tolerance and freedom of views in terms of attitude towards traditionally segregated social groups. Objectives The purpose of this study was to identify representations about homosexuality among different generations of modern Russians. Methods The methodological basis of the research was the study of the structure of social representations (Vergesse methodique). The research methods implied the author’s questionnaire aimed at identifying representations about homosexuality and a modified version of the RAHI questionnaire. The sample was N = 444 (residents of Russia, age 16-65). Results There was shown a significant difference between the Z Gen in terms of tolerance of representations about homosexuality. So called ‘double standards’ were identified in terms of attitudes towards male and female homosexuality. The rooted concept of homosexuality as a relationship based, rather, on a sexual rather than a romantic-spiritual level of relationships, was stated. Conclusions Main hypothesis was confirmed: an inverse relationship between age and perceptions of homosexuality as normative was revealed. Disclosure No significant relationships.
A facile method for green synthesis of stabilized silver nanoparticlesand its in vitro antagonistic applications

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A facile method for synthesis of biologically stabilized silver nanoparticles was developed using the weed Parthenium hysterophorus L. The bio fabricated nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, XRay Diffraction and FTIR. The nanoparticles demonstrated potent antibacterial and antifungal activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger and Escherichia coli. The silver nanoparticles synthesized thus demonstrated antagonistic activity against bacteria and fungi and hence the nanoparticles possess potential applications in medicine and pharmaceutical fields.
Rapid resolution of severe subcutaneous emphysema causing respiratory failure with subcutaneous drain

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This case reports on a critically ill patient (Male, 74) with severe subcutaneous emphysema which progressed to causing respiratory distress. We document both the severity of the condition we observed and then present a novel intervention. In this case, we decompressed the patient at the intensive care unit-bedside and resolved the condition. While subcutaneous emphysema is relatively common, the severity of the condition we observed, and the lack of definitive treatment guidance have prompted us to present this case as a plausible treatment guide.
Force Distribution Sensor Based on Externally Observable Three-Dimensional Shape Deformation Information

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recent developments in segmentation and inexpensive RGBD cameras make it possible to easily perform object shape extraction. This enables a new principle for externally observable force sensors, in contrast to traditional force detection that relies on contact-based displacement measurements. Among the sensors that estimate force from visual inputs, those using machine learning methods based on experimentally generated data have the possibility to outperform other visual sensors. However, the existing models have very limited applicability due to their low adaptability to environmental changes and their capacity for only single-point estimation. Therefore, in this letter, the authors propose and verify a method that can flexibly respond to environmental changes and estimate force at multiple points in three dimensions. The authors conducted a demonstration experiment and confirmed that estimation was possible with an error of approximately 20%. Observation-type force sensors are expected to enable a variety of applications that are difficult to achieve with conventional sensors, such as sensing people in living environments and the development of sensing robots.
The Synchronous Orbit Magnetic Field Data Set

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Synchronous orbit magnetic field data provide a valuable resource for use in checking and parameterizing quantitative models of the earth's magnetic field. The field observed at this location depends on the earth's main field, magnetopause currents, the tail current, the ring current and field aligned currents. Each of the external currents constitutes as much as one third the total field. All are local time and seasonally varying. Magnetic field data has been acquired by 11 synchronous spacecraft during the last 10 years. The data are of varying quality depending on the instrument, space-craft and efforts devoted to correcting spacecraft fields. A considerable quantity of graphical data is available from data centers and the original investigators. Digital data is less accessible and has not yet been organized for use in quantitative modelling. Some digital data are presently available, however, and should be used to check current models.
Mathematical Modeling of Process of Obtaining the Solid Uranium Hexafluoride

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A non-stationary mathematical model of desublimation UF 6 in vertical tanks considers the movement of gaseous uranium hexafluoride contains in the article. Results of calculation of time dependence of the linear velocity desublimation, the thickness of the resulting layer of the solid phase, the temperature distribution in the tank wall - desublimation layer, filling dynamics of vertical tank B-12 by solid UF 6 are presented. Calculations have shown that the 70% of B-12 tank is filled desublimation UF 6 by 250 hours, which is in good agreement with the experimental data
Roads to Confederation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Roads to Confederation surveys the way in which scholars from different disciplines, writing in different periods, viewed the Confederation process and the making of Canada. Recognizing that Confederation has been traditionally defined as a process affecting only British North America's Anglophone and Francophone communities, Roads to Confederation offers a broader approach to the making of Canada, and includes scholarship written over 145 years. Volume 2 of this collection focuses on three major themes. It presents research from the perspective of Canada's regions, with one chapter focusing exclusively on the competing understandings of 1867 from the perspective of Quebec. Next, it includes material pertaining to the geopolitical underpinnings of 1867 that addresses the relationship between Confederation, the U.S. Civil War and American expansionism, Great Britain and war in the European theatre. Also included is leading scholarship by Stanley B. Ryerson, Adele Perry, Fernand Dumond, Ian McKay and James W. Daschuk that questions whether Confederation itself was a formative event. Together with its companion volume, this is an invaluable resource for those who wish to deepen their understanding of the historical foundations on which Canada rests
The application of Bayesian hierarchical models to quantify individual diet specialization

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Intraspecific variation in ecologically relevant traits is widespread. In generalist predators in particular, individual diet specialization is likely to have important consequences for food webs. Understanding individual diet specialization empirically requires the ability to quantify individual diet preferences accurately. Here we compare the currently used frequentist maximum likelihood approach, which infers individual preferences using the observed prey proportions to Bayesian hierarchical models that instead estimate these proportions. Using simulated and empirical data, we find that the approach of using observed prey proportions consistently overestimates diet specialization relative to the Bayesian hierarchical approach when the number of prey observations per individual is low or the number of prey observations vary among individuals, two common features of empirical data. Furthermore, the Bayesian hierarchical approach permits the estimation of point estimates for both prey proportions and their variability within and among levels of organization (i.e., individuals, experimental treatments, populations), while also characterizing the uncertainty of these estimates in ways inaccessible to frequentist methods. The Bayesian hierarchical approach provides a useful framework for improving the quantification and understanding of intraspecific variation in diet specialization studies.
Working, Still Poor: A Loan Program's Role in the Lives of Low-Income Single Parents

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

An innovative interest-free loan program was established in a midwestern metropolitan area as a local response to the deteriorating economic circumstances of many low-wage-earning single parents and their dependent children during the 1980s. This article describes the loan program, the personal characteristics and economic circumstances of the target population, and the purposes for which loans were obtained. The article also discusses the value of the program as one form of assistance for working poor single-parent families.
Moving from residual lignocellulosic biomass into high‐value products: Outcomes from a long‐term international cooperation

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Major progress in the bioprocessing of lignocellulose to fuels and value‐added chemicals has created the possibility of a low carbon‐footprint economy. However, the current complexity and associated costs of lignocellulose conversion result in a higher price for ethanol than for fossil fuels. The cost of cellulosic ethanol production will be lowered by further progress in development of biorefinery technology that produces both ethanol and high‐value chemicals with bio‐based products that are beginning to penetrate consumer markets in the USA, Brazil, and worldwide. The cost‐effectiveness of low carbon‐footprint bioproducts will benefit from advances in supplying large amounts of biomass solids to the biorefinery. We describe here outcomes from a successful long‐term international cooperation between the Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering (LORRE) at Purdue University in the United States and Brazil's Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) and Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), which has contributed practical pathways to enhance the biorefinery concept. This paper gives an overview of developments that address fundamental knowledge of lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment hydrolysis under optimized operational conditions and bioreactor configurations, and the science and engineering that contributes to the effective production of fuel and ethanol and value‐added products from biomass. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Peran Perempuan Dalam Ketersediaan Pangan Rumahtangga (Studi Kasus Pada Masyarakat Petani Padi Di Gampong Blang Pala, Kecamatan Banda Baro, Kabupaten Aceh Utara, Provinsi Aceh)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The rice farmers community as producers of staple food for food needs of the community is considered to have certainty in food security. Not only they have to produce food commodities, but they are also responsible for the availability of food for all their families and the community. This study aims to describe the division of roles between women and men in agricultural and non-farm activities (on farm and off farm) in order to fill household food security in rice farming communities in Blang Pala Village, Banda Baro District, Aceh Utara Regency, Aceh Province. The study was conducted by in-depth interviews with ethno-science as the approach. The informants are determined based on several conditions, such as full of involvement in agricultural and non-agricultural activities, informants who are directly involved in the cultural atmosphere, and have different social and cultural backgrounds with researchers. Informants in this study were divided into female farmers and male farmers. The results of the study show that women have a real and very important contribution to food security of their family. Women have a very important role in the effort to provide food at the household level because women are fully involved both in agricultural activities and outside agricultural activities. Although basically those who make a livelihood are not the main task of women, but when it comes to providing food, it becomes a duty of women in their families
IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND CALLUOGENESIS OF BRYONIA LACINIOSA

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Interest in medicinal plant as a re-emerging health aid has been fuelled by the rising cost of prescription drug in the maintenance of personal health. In present work an attempt has been made to carry out antimicrobial activity of bryonia laciniosa plant, used in Indian folk medicine. The aim of the study was to grow in vitro callus from bryonia laciniosa from leaf explants and its microbial activity. Antibacterial effect of Bryonia laciniosa was evaluated on bacterial strains like Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The solvents used for the extraction of plants were water and methanol. The in vitro antibacterial activity was performed by agar disc diffusion. The most susceptible bacteria was K. pneumoniae. The extracts of callus and plant material could not inhibit any of the bacterial strains investigated. Callus was induced from leaf explants in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different combinations of auxin and cytokinin growth regulators. The Callus was induced in MS medium with 2, 4-D (3mg/l) and kinetin (1mg/l) showing Greenish yellow callus, but the callus induced in MS medium with 2, 4-D (3mg/l) and BAP (3mg/l) was brown in colour. The results obtained in the present study suggest that Bryonia laciniosa can be used in treating diseases caused by the test organisms and for production of mass number of plants. This type of work was conducted first time in India. INTRODUCTION: Over 50% of all modern clinical drugs are of natural product origin 1 and natural products play an important role in drug development programs in the pharmaceutical industry 2 . There has been a revival of interest in herbal medicines.
Academic, Emotional, and Social Growth in the Second Language Classroom

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study sought to understand the relationships between socioemotional learning (SEL), second language learning, and digital literacies, and specifically addresses multimodal instruction and composition. Twenty-two students in an intermediate high school French classroom were asked to read an authentic francophone novel and take on one character's persona by creating an Instagram post that reflected that character's viewpoint. Students shared their posts with the class, discussed connections to the novel, and reflected on their composition process. Three data sources were iteratively coded using inductive and deductive methods. The Four Resources Model was adapted for this activity and framed the analysis. Students showed evidence of humor and empathy which led to decreased language anxiety and improved socioemotional learning. The use of an authentic text and the integration of commonly used, real-world social media tools encouraged SEL and helped lower language anxiety. Recommendations and implications for instruction are discussed.
Image_5_Characterization of the TLR Family in Branchiostoma lanceolatum and Discovery of a Novel TLR22-Like Involved in dsRNA Recognition in Amphioxus.TIF

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important for raising innate immune responses in both invertebrates and vertebrates. Amphioxus belongs to an ancient chordate lineage which shares key features with vertebrates. The genomic research on TLR genes in Branchiostoma floridae and Branchiostoma belcheri reveals the expansion of TLRs in amphioxus. However, the repertoire of TLRs in Branchiostoma lanceolatum has not been studied and the functionality of amphioxus TLRs has not been reported. We have identified from transcriptomic data 30 new putative TLRs in B. lanceolatum and all of them are transcribed in adult amphioxus. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the repertoire of TLRs consists of both non-vertebrate and vertebrate-like TLRs. It also indicated a lineage-specific expansion in orthologous clusters of the vertebrate TLR11 family. We did not detect any representatives of the vertebrate TLR1, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5 and TLR7 families. To gain insight into these TLRs, we studied in depth a particular TLR highly similar to a B. belcheri gene annotated as bbtTLR1. The phylogenetic analysis of this novel BlTLR showed that it clusters with the vertebrate TLR11 family and it might be more related to TLR13 subfamily according to similar domain architecture. Transient and stable expression in HEK293 cells showed that the BlTLR localizes on the plasma membrane, but it did not respond to the most common mammalian TLR ligands. However, when the ectodomain of BlTLR is fused to the TIR domain of human TLR2, the chimeric protein could indeed induce NF-κB transactivation in response to the viral ligand Poly I:C, also indicating that in amphioxus, specific accessory proteins are needed for downstream activation. Based on the phylogenetic, subcellular localization and functional analysis, we propose that the novel BlTLR might be classified as an antiviral receptor sharing at least partly the functions performed by vertebrate TLR22. TLR22 is thought to be viral teleost-specific TLR but here we demonstrate that teleosts and amphioxus TLR22-like probably shared a common ancestor. Additional functional studies with other lancelet TLR genes will enrich our understanding of the immune response in amphioxus and will provide a unique perspective on the evolution of the immune system.</p>