jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Aluminum nitride films on different orientations of sapphire and silicon

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The details of epitaxial growth and microstrictural characteristics of AlN films grown on sapphire (0001), (101̄2) and Si (100), (111) substrates were investigated using plan-view and cross-sectional high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction techniques. The films were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using TMA1+NH3+N2 gas mixtures. Different degrees of epitaxy were observed for the films grown on α-Al2O3 and Si substrates in different orientations. The epitaxial relationship for (0001) sapphire was found to be (0001)AlN∥(0001)sap with in-plane orientation relationship of [011̄0]AlN∥[1̄21̄0]sap. This is equivalent to a 30° rotation in the basal (0001) plane. For (101̄2) sapphire substrates, the epitaxial relationship was determined to be (112̄0)AlN∥(101̄2)sap with the in-plane alignment of [0001]AlN∥[1̄011]sap. The AlN films on (0001) α-Al2O3 were found to contain inverted domain boundaries and a/3〈112̄0〉 threading dislocations with the estimated density of 1010 cm−2. The density of planar defects (stacking faults) found in AlN films was considerably higher in the case of (101̄2) compared to (0001) substrates. Films on Si substrates were found to be highly textured c axis oriented when grown on (111) Si, and c axis textured with random in-plane orientation on (100) Si. The role of thin-film defects and interfaces on device fabrication is discussed.
Honoring Choices Minnesota: Preliminary Data from a Community-Wide Advance Care Planning Model

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Advance care planning (ACP) increases the likelihood that individuals who are dying receive the care that they pre-fer. It also reduces depression and anxiety in family mem-bers and increases family satisfaction with the process of care. Honoring Choices Minnesota is an ACP program based on the Respecting Choices model of La Crosse, Wisconsin. The objective of this report is to describe the process, which began in 2008, of implementing Honoring Choices Minnesota in a large, diverse metropolitan area. All eight large healthcare systems in the metropolitan area agreed to participate in the project, and as of April 30, 2013, the proportion of hospitalized individuals 65 and older with advance care directives in the electronic medical record was 12.1 % to 65.6%. The proportion of outpatients aged 65 and older was 11.6 % to 31.7%.
Effects of Ablation of the Submaxillary Gland in Guinea Pigs

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1) The appearance of follicular fluid and tissue fluid in the ovarian stroma after submaxillariectomy was studied in the guinea pigs.2) The submaxillariectomy causes clotting of follicular fluid and tissue fluid in the ovarian stroma. In other words the secretion of the submaxillary gland presumably contains the anti-coagulate enzyme for the follicular fluid and tissue fluid in the ovarian stroma.3) The antrum formation in the follicles may be due to the adhesion of clotted follicular fluid to the ovum.4) The cause of aberrant ovarian follicles in the submaxillariectomized guinea pigs may be due to the modification of primordial ova by the adhesion of clotted tissue fluid in the ovarian stroma.5) From the results of the present study, it may be suggested that an atrophic change of the submaxillary gland is one cause to produce the twins from the aberrant ovarian follicles.
Investigation of cryomechanochemistry processes in the development of nanotechnologies of supplements prepared from chlorofill containing vegetables and discovery of hidden chlorophyll forms

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Processes of cryomechanochemistry in development of food nanotechnologies of supplements as frozen pastes in the nano-dimensional form prepared from chlorophyll-containing vegetables (CCV) such as spinach, celery and parsley were studied. The nanotechnologies are based on the use of an innovative complex action of cryogenic "shock" freezing and low-temperature fine-dispersed grinding accompanied by the processes of cryomechanodestruction and cryomechanochemistry. The developed nanotechnologies make it possible not only to preserve a and b chlorophyll, β-carotene and other BAS contained in raw materials but also to more fully extract hidden inactive and bound biopolymers (protein, polysaccharides) of the BAS forms in a readily digestible form. The bound inactive forms of chlorophyll and other BAS in CCV found in processing by means of cryotechnology to obtain health improving products (frozen cryopastes in a nanoscale form) were revealed. It has been found that CCV contain 3.0…3.5 times more chlorophyll and other BAS in a bound form than can be extracted from fresh chlorophyll-containing vegetables. It was shown that weight fraction of BAS in cryopastes prepared from CCV is 2.5…3.5 times higher than in fresh vegetables. The mechanism of these growth processes was revealed.\n\nIt was established that activity of oxidizing enzymes (peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase) in rapidly cryo-frozen CCV depends on the final product freezing point. Freezing to the temperature of –35…–40 °C in the middle of the product results in a complete inactivation of oxidizing enzymes whereas freezing to –18 °C leads to a 1.4…1.5-time increase in enzyme activity as in the case of enzyme activation under the action of heat treatment of raw materials at +35 °C. Mechanisms of the processes of cryomechanochemistry associated with mechanocracking and complete inactivation of oxidizing enzymes were disclosed.\nThe developed cryopastes from CCV have no counterparts and are the source of a unique complex of BAS (a and b chlorophylls, β-carotene, L-ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds, etc.). Using the cryopastes obtained, a green line of health improving products was developed where CCV supplements act as natural dyes, thickeners, or texture stabilizers
Employment insurance perspective on islamic law and job creation law No. 11 of 2020 on manpower No. 13 of 2003

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background: The study of insurance within the framework of Islamic law is a relatively recent development, lacking representation in classical fiqh literature. Discussions surrounding insurance have emerged primarily with contemporary scholars, highlighting its importance in modern financial management. Today, insurance serves as a critical tool for financial planning, aimed at eliminating, avoiding, and minimizing potential risks that individuals and businesses may face. Methods: This research employs a qualitative approach, utilizing a case study methodology. The author gathered primary and secondary data through various field research methods, including observations, direct interviews, documentation, and library research. To address the research questions, the analysis is grounded in the theory of law implementation, focusing on the values of justice and legal certainty to achieve meaningful outcomes in practice. Findings: The findings reveal that, from an Islamic law perspective, conventional insurance cannot be classified as Islamic insurance due to its non-compliance with key characteristics and its inclusion of elements such as gharar (uncertainty), maysir (gambling), and usury. In contrast, Islamic insurance is defined by five fundamental characteristics: it is based on the principle of cooperation (tabarru'), aims to mitigate the impact of potential risks, features a membership association representing its members, ensures that insurance funds and investment returns remain the property of the members, and positions the insurance company as a service provider managing the funds. These characteristics are documented in the DSN-MUI fatwas concerning insurance. Conclusion: Despite these insights, the legal objectives intended by Islamic law and Law No. 13 of 2003 concerning manpower have not been fully realized. The core values of justice, legal certainty, and the benefits of the law remain inadequately achieved. The author argues that the existence of multiple regulatory frameworks governing employment insurance leads to legal dualism, resulting in a lack of clear legal certainty in employment insurance regulations. Novelty/Originality of this article: This article contributes to the understanding of Islamic insurance by clarifying the distinctions between conventional and Islamic insurance practices, emphasizing the need for clear regulations. It addresses the contemporary challenges faced in aligning legal frameworks with the principles of Islamic law, paving the way for further discussions and developments in the field of Islamic financial management.
Computed simultaneous imaging of multiple biomarkers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Functional-molecular imaging techniques promise pow- erful tools for the visualization and elucidation of important disease- causing physiologic-molecular processes in living tissue. Most ap plications aim to find temporal-spatial patterns assocaited with different disease stages. When multiple agents are used, imagery signals often represent a composite of more than one distinct source due to functional-molecular biomarker heterogeneity, independent of spatial resolution. We therefore introduce a hybrid decomposi- tion algorithm which allows for a computed simultaneous imaging of multiple hiomarkers. The method is based on a combination of time-activity curve clustering, pixel subset selection, and indepen- dent component analysis. We demonstrate the principle of the ap proach on an image data set, and we then apply the method to the tumor vascular characterization using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and brain neuro-transporter imaging using dynamic positron emission tomography.
A combination treatment approach and cord blood stem cell transplant for blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A combination treatment approach and cord blood stem cell transplant for blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasmWe read with great interest the article on blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) by Pagano et al. 1 The authors propose a strategy of combining ALL-like and AML-like protocols for this rare and aggressive disease.The authors also emphasize the importance of consolidating when possible with an allogeneic stem cell transplant, in light of the poor prognosis (median overall survival of 8.7 months) of BPDCN.We would like to share here our experience of successfully treating a patient with cord blood stem cell transplantation using a preparative regimen of thiotepa, fludarabine and melphalan. 2ur patient is a 39-year old female who presented with a history of easy bruising and shortness of breath.No skin lesion or lymph node enlargement was noted at the time of diagnosis.Peripheral blood examination showed pancytopenia.Absolute neutrophil count was 0.9x10 9 /L, hemoglobin 7.9g/dL, platelet count 21x10 9 /L, and there was no evidence of blasts in the peripheral blood.A subsequent bone marrow aspirate and biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of BPDCN.The blasts in the bone marrow were positive for CD2, CD4, CD7, CD8, CD56, CD64, HLA-DR by flow cytometry analysis and positive for CD123 and TCL1 3 by immunoperoxidase staining.The blasts were negative for CD34, TdT, CD13, CD33, CD10, as well as for lineage specific markers including CD20, CD19, cytoplasmic CD22 for B cells, surface CD3, cytoplasmic-CD3 for T cells, and myeloperoxidase for myeloid cells.Fluorescence in situ hybridization for EBV encoded RNA (EBER) was also negative.Although CD8 expression is not typical, the diagnosis of BPDCN was favored over aggressive NK-cell leukemia based on agranular cytoplasm of blasts and lack of EBV expression.Cytogenetic analysis showed a normal female karyotype with no cytogenetic aberrations.Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology showed no evidence of involvement by the malignant cells.
137: End-of-life care in hematology and stem cell transplant patients and evaluation of a hematology-quality of dying assessment (H-QODA)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Improving quality of end-of-life (EOL) care becomes the highest priority when prolonging survival is no longer possible. To identify factors impacting EOL care, we retrospectively studied patients (pts) dying over 12 months managed by a single unit. We also evaluated a Hematology-Quality of Dying Assessment (H-QODA), modified from a QODA proposed for pts with end stage renal disease. Methods: Patients' deaths were identified from hospital lists, newspapers and referring doctors and family members. Data relating to care during EOL were extracted from medical records. To identify pts in whom attempts by the Hematology unit to improve EOL care would be most relevant, pts were considered as falling into two groups. Group (Gp) A consisted of pts dying while under active management of the haematology team (seen by the team within 3 mos of death and dying from their haematological malignancy) and Gp B, pts not seen within 3 months of death, or dying of an unrelated cause. As a pilot study to evaluate the H-QODA, a random sample of 16 pts from Gp A were studied more extensively. Five domains were analysed & scored: 1) pain during last week of life; 2) non pain symptoms during last week of life; 3) advance care planning , 4) peace and dignity in last week of life and; 5) time to death from the change of focus to EOL care. Each domain was scored 0-2, from worst to best, for a possible total score of 10 for a very high quality of dying assessment. Results: During the study period (1 Jul 04 to 30 Jun 05), 211 pts died as part of the management of approximately 3000 pts by the unit. Of the 211 pts who had died, 98 were in Gp A and 113 in Gp B. Thirteen pts died who had received HSCT, 2 from allogeneic donors and 11 autologous. In preliminary analyses, pts in Gp A were significantly younger (71.5 vs 75yrs) than Gp B (p=0.04), and had a greater proportion of aggressive diagnoses (acute leukaemia, multiple myeloma and NHL) (p=0.001). Twenty one percent of pts in Gp A died in the adjacent hospice facility, compared to 12% in GpB (p=0.005). In the random sample of pts from Gp A, the H-QODA ranged from 4 to 9 with an average of 6.5. Inter-rater reliability testing and correlation between pt, family, disease and management factors and the H-QODA are proceeding. Conclusion: An H-QODA was developed based on domains relevant at EOL. Such a tool, if validated, would be useful for assessing impact of multidisciplinary care programs aimed at improving EOL care.
Monoclonal mouse antibodies against camel immunoglobulins (65.11)

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Camelid antibodies are of special interest because some of them belong to immunoglobulin subclasses (IgG2 and IgG3) which are build up only by heavy chains. To use such antibodies for practical application we need specific identification tools. Immunoglobulins llama (Lama glama) were isolated by Protein G (IgG3 and IgG1) and Protein A (IgG2) sepharose. Fab Fragments were generated from llama IgG1 by papain digestion. Balb/c mice were immunized against the three different IgG subtypes and the Fab fragments and monoclonal antibodies were produce by hybridoma technology. We were hitherto able to obtain the following purified monoclonal antibodies (moAb): - moAb reacting to all subtypes with identical binding strength, - moAb that preferentially bind the conventional IgG1, - moAb that bind only IgG1. All generated monoclonal antibodies react against immunoglobulins from new world (llama and alpaca) and old world camelids (bactrian camel and dromedary) but show no cross reactivity with immunoglobulins from other species (rat, mouse, sheep, rabbit, goat, chicken and human). The monoclonal antibodies are suitable to detect camelid antibodies by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) but not in western blots, indicating that the binding epitops are discontinuous. The production of monoclonal mouse antibodies binding to camelid heavy chain only antibodies is subject for future experiments.
The additional data for the flora of conjugates (Streptophyta, Zygnematophyceae) of Mshinskaya Wetland System (Leningrad Region)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

51 species from 18 genera of Streptophyta, Zygnematophyceae (Actinotaenium, Bambusina, Closterium, Cylindrocystis, Cosmarium, Cosmoastrum, Docidium, Euastrum, Micrasterias, Mougeotia, Netrium, Pleurotaenium, Raphidiastrum, Spirogyra, Staurastrum, Staurodesmus, Tetmemorus, Xanthidium) were found in Mshinskaya Wetland System (Leningrad Region, Russia). Leading genera are Cosmarium (10 species), Closterium (10), Staurastrum (8 species).
Effects of environmental tobacco smoke on perinatal outcomes: a retrospective cohort study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To evaluate the effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) on perinatal outcomes.Retrospective cohort study.Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.Nonsmoking women with singleton gestations who delivered 1 April 2001-31 March 2009, identified through the Newfoundland and Labrador Provincial Perinatal Database.Women who self-reported exposure to ETS were compared with those who reported no exposure. Univariate analyses and multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses (adjusting for maternal age, parity, partnered status, work status, level of education, body mass index, alcohol use, illicit drug use and gestational age) were performed and odds ratios(OR; or adjusted differences) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated.Birthweight, birth length, head circumference and stillbirth. Secondary outcomes included gestational age at delivery, preterm birth <37 and <34 weeks of gestation, prelabour rupture of membranes, Apgar score, endotracheal intubation for resuscitation, neonatal intensive care unit admission, congenital anomalies, respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular haemorrhage, neonatal bacterial sepsis, jaundice and neonatal metabolic abnormalities.A total of 11,852 women were included: 1202(11.1%) exposed to ETS and 10,650 (89.9%) not exposed. Exposure to ETS was an independent risk factor for lower mean birthweight (-53.7 g, 95% CI -98.4 to -8.9 g), smaller head circumference (-0.24 cm, 95% CI -0.39 to -0.08 cm), shorter birth length (-0.29 cm, 95% CI -0.51 to -0.07 cm), stillbirth (OR 3.35, 95% CI 1.16-9.72, P = 0.026), and trends towards preterm birth <34 weeks (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.00-3.53, P = 0.05) and neonatal sepsis (OR 2.96, 95% CI 0.99-8.86).Exposure of nonsmoking pregnant women to ETS is associated with a number of adverse perinatal outcomes including lower birthweight, smaller head circumference and stillbirth, as well as shorter birth length. This information is important for women, their families and healthcare providers, and reinforces the continued need for increased public policy and education on prevention of exposure to ETS.
Individualization of indications for postoperative irradiation in stage I endometrial cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The results of the treatment of 550 Stages I-III endometrial cancer patients are analysed. The postoperative radiation therapy was employed in 311 (56.5 +/- 2.8%) patients. In the pathological Stage I 235 (50.5 +/- 3.2%) out of 465 women were irradiated postoperatively, but the distant irradiation was used in only 93 (20.6%), the others began prophylactic irradiation of vagina. With the aim of regression the nonparametric Cox model it was stated, that some factors, such as hormonosensitivity of the tumor, pathogenic type, histology, stage and mode of operation have a significant influence on survival, and the postoperative irradiation has not. The comparison of the results of treatment in Stage I revealed a slight tendency to increased survival in prognostically unfavourable subgroups with the aim of postoperative irradiation. The 5-year survival in Stage I 90.3%. The individualized indications for postoperative radiation therapy in Stage I endometrial cancer are elaborated deep myometrial invasion, lowering of differentiation of the tumors, hormonoresistence.
Testing the Validity of Okun’s Law in Algeria: Is there a difference between Maki’s Cointegration and Quantile’s Regression Results?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract Research background This paper examines the existence of Okun’s law in Algeria over the period of 1970–2020 using both the gap and differences model. Purpose The main objective of this paper is to econometrically examine, explore and test the nexus among unemployment rate and economic growth, in order to have a clear explanation about unemployment in Algeria. Research methodology Firstly, the Kapetanios unit root test and Maki cointegration test are employed for the gap model to deal with the structural breaks than the estimation of the coefficients in this case, secondly, the quantile regression is used for the differences model; finally, three categories of causality tests are used in this research. Results The findings revealed that unemployment rates are not affected by output over the period of study both in the gap and differences model. Hence, Okun’s law is not held in Algeria. Novelty The study focused on Okun’s law in different ways. This latter carries out structural breaks in both the unit root and co-integration analysis. On the other hand, the study uses the quantile regression for the first time in the examination of Okun’s law. In the same line of thought, this research introduces an asymmetric analysis in the Maki cointegration and quantile regression.
Reduction Method of Characteristic Matrices of 2D ANCF Beam with Using Component Mode Synthesis Method and Experimental Validation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Very flexible structures such as solar sails and tethered satellites tend to induce large rotation and large deformation due to their motion. In multibody dynamics, the Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation (ANCF) is focused for large deformation analysis. We pay attention that the bending stiffness term expressed by the continuum mechanics approach of the ANCF beam element is constant when the axial strain is not so large, and propose a reduction method for the characteristics matrices in 2D ANCF beam by applying the component mode synthesis method. However, the component mode synthesis method is applicable to the system that is composed by the constant mass and stiffness matrices. This paper also works on the validation of the ANCF by the experiment of dynamic stiffening of flexible beam undergoing large rotation, and applicability of the method as an analytical method of large scale structure is investigated.
Delayed Participation of Developing Countries to Climate Agreements: Should Action in the EU and US be Postponed?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

paper analyses the cost implications for climate policy in developed countries if developing countries are unwilling to adopt measures to reduce their own GHG emissions. First, we assume that a 450 CO2 (550 CO2e) ppmv stabilisation target is to be achieved and that Non Annex1 (NA1) countries decide to delay their GHG emission reductions by 30 years. What would be the cost difference between this scenario and a case in which both developed and developing countries start reducing their emissions at the same time? Then, we look at a scenario in which the timing of developing countries ’ participation is uncertain and again we compute the costs of climate policy in developed and developing countries. We find that delayed participation of NA1 countries has a negative impact on climate policy costs. Economic inefficiencies can be as large as 10-25 TlnUSD. However, this additional cost wanes when developing countries are allowed to trade emission reductions from their baseline emission paths during the 30-year delay period. Thus, irrespective of whether NA1 countries are immediately assigned an emission reduction target or not, they should nonetheless be included in a global carbon market. Technology deployment is also affected by the timing of developing countries ’ mitigation measures. Delayed