jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Age Dependency of Successful Recanalization in Anterior Circulation Stroke: The ENDOSTROKE Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Clinical outcome after endovascular stroke therapy (EVT) for proximal anterior circulation stroke is often disappointing despite high recanalization rates. The ENDOSTROKE study aims to determine predictors of clinical outcome in patients undergoing EVT. Here we focus on the impact of age and recanalization on proximal middle cerebral artery (M1-MCA) or carotid T occlusion. Methods: ENDOSTROKE is an investigator-initiated, industrially independent multicenter registry launched in January, 2011, for consecutive patients undergoing EVT for large-vessel stroke. This analysis focuses on patients treated in 11 academic and nonacademic stroke centers with angiographically proven M1-MCA (n = 259) or carotid T occlusion (n = 103). Recanalization was defined as Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) score 2 or 3, and in patients with available Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia (TICI) data (n = 309) as TICI scores 2b-3. Good outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0-2 assessed after 3 months or later. Results: The median age was 68 years (25th and 75th percentiles: 56, 76 years), and the median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at admission was 16 (13, 19); 41% of the patients had a favorable (mRS scores 0-2), and 59% had an unfavorable (mRS scores 3-6) outcome; 83% reached TIMI 2-3 flow. Independent predictors of good outcome were younger age, lower initial NIHSS scores, TIMI 2/3 recanalization and lower serum glucose levels. Outcome was highly dependent on patients' age: 60% of the patients within the lowest age quartile (range: 18-56 years) experienced good clinical outcome, decreasing stepwise over 47% (57-68 years) and 37% (69-76 years) to 17% in the highest age quartile (77-94 years). The proportion of patients with poor clinical outcome despite TIMI 2/3 recanalization (‘futile recanalization') increased dramatically from only 29% in the lowest age quartile over 34% and 40% (2nd and 3rd age quartiles) up to 53% in the highest age quartile. Results were similar in patients with available TICI scores, with ‘futile recanalization' rates increasing from 24% to 46% (lowest to highest age quartile). Conclusions: This study emphasizes the dramatic impact of patients' age on outcome in EVT for M1-MCA or carotid T occlusion, even in the presence of recanalization. Reasons for this age-related decrease in clinically successful recanalization rates urgently need clarification and may comprise patient-related factors (age-related increase in cardioembolic strokes, collateral status, comorbidities) as well as periprocedural issues (tortuous vessel anatomy in the elderly, age-dependent negative impact of general anesthesia in EVT).
Systemic lupus erythematosus progressing to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma complicated by fatal hemophagocytic syndrome: case report.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) may be provoked by infections, malignancies and autoimmune diseases. We report on a 56-year-old woman with long-lasting systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who presented with malar rash, inflammatory livedo reticularis, fever, weight loss, pancytopenia and mild splenomegaly with cervical lymphadenopathy. She had criteria for SLE flare-up (malar rash, high antinuclear antibody titer, complement consumption, pathological urinary sediment, and retinal vasculitis). Despite high-dose glucocorticoid therapy, pancytopenia and fever worsened. Important elevations of triglycerides and ferritin were also found. Bone marrow aspirate demonstrated hemophagocytosis, which confirmed the coexistence of HPS and SLE. The treatment with glucocorticoids, immunoglobulins, cyclophosphamide, filgrastim and antimicrobial therapy was unsuccessful. After one month, the patient developed Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia with fatal outcome. Bone marrow biopsy, taken 5 days before death, showed high grade diffuse large B-cell (CD20+, Ki-67+) non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (DLBCL). We are the first to report the association of both SLE and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma complicated by HPS. We showed that, based on clinical and laboratory data, it was difficult to distinguish the early phase of HPS from SLE flare-up and new-onset DLBCL. Therapy of such a complex case of HPS has not been standardized, and opportunistic infections remain a difficult issue.
Construction of Islam in Western Media

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The role of Western media while constructing news about Islam and the Muslim world, has been a topic of interest for the media scholars, particularly, from last decade i-e after the 9/11 incident. Various new perspectives have come forward indicating role of Western media in the portrayal of Islam. This study has investigated the role of Western print media in portraying picture of Islam. This is a discourse analysis based research, the researcher has tried to explore the hidden policy of the Western media when it reports about Islam and Muslim world. Although many in depth studies have been done so far but this particular research is focused on how the image of Islam has been created and is being shaped. It also explored the use of 'naming choice' and 'lexical choices' while reporting about Islam and Muslim world. This book would be great topic of interest to the scholars who are interested to look into these new terms like Islamophobia and the phenomena involved to spread it. Researchers and students of Mass media and International relations would find it helpful to see the role of media in recent years to create global image of Islam and Muslim world.
Traumatic hemipelvectomy before body image has developed

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Traumatic hemipelvectomy is rarely observed because very few patients have survived from the initial trauma. We describe one male child who survived from this massive trauma with a good functional outcome. The boy was 28 months old when he was accidentally struck by a truck. He had severe open trauma of the pelvis and hemorrhage of the left lower limb. Amputation of the left hemipelvis, colostomy, cystostomy and removal of the left avulsed testicle were performed. Once healing had been achieved, he was transferred to our Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and rehabilitative management was begun, including prosthetic measurement and psychologic intervention for the patient and his parents. For 13 years of long-term follow-up, his prosthesis was readjusted annually. Now he is a 16-year-old middle school student. He is functioning remarkably well with a prosthesis. The psychologic report shows that he is emotionally stable and has good scholastic performance. Although hemipelvectomy appears to be a radical procedure in children, the potential for rehabilitation in a group of children before body image has developed appears to be unexpectedly good.
Education, British Colonialism, and a Plural Society in West Malaysia: The Development of Education in the British Settlements along the Straits of Malacca, 1786-1874

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the modern history of West Malaysia, people from four of the world's major cultural traditions-Malay, Chinese, Indian, and British-have met, settled, clashed and sought to co-exist. Although the British who came as colonizers have now gone, the complex relationship between the formal educational system of the colonial era and the divisive pluralism of contemporary West Malaysian society continues to attract considerable academic and political attention. (1) Recently published monographic studies on aspects of West Malaysian educational history have focused on the period following British Intervention in the Peninsular Malay States of Perak and Selangor in 1874, and one of these studies explicitly attributes the seeds of separatism in contemporary West Malaysian society to the educational policies implemented under British colonial auspices during the period between 1874 and 1940. (2) Since this article is concerned with an earlier period than the recent monographic studies, it cannot be employed to test or disprove the arguments of these works. The article does, however, examine the origins of West Malaysia's cultural pluralism in the century prior to 1874 and portrays this pluralism as the consequence of a multiplicity of circumstances, not merely British educational policies. It was in 1786 that Britain obtained a colonial toe-hold in West Malaysia, when Francis Light took possession of the island of Penang on
PROPTEST: A Property-Based Test Generator for

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We describe a property-based test generation proce- dure for synchronous sequential circuits. Several techniques are used to generate test sequences that achieve high fault coverages at low computational complexity. These include the use of static test compaction, input vector holding with optimal numbers of hold cy- cles, input vector perturbation, and identification of subsequences that are useful in extending the test sequence. Experimental re- sults presented demonstrate that the proposed procedure achieves fault coverages which are in all cases the same or higher than those achieved by existing procedures. Index Terms—Automatic test pattern generation (ATPG), sequential circuit, test compaction, test generation.
2973 Can BE3A Score Predict Improved Outcomes in Patients With Decompensated Cirrhosis Receiving Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy for Hepatitis C Virus Infection?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment is now recommended in all patients, except those with a shortened life expectancy that cannot be altered by viral eradication. Treatment with direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agents can reduce Model for End-Stage Liver Disease and Child-Pugh-Turcotte (CPT) scores in patients with decompensated HCV cirrhosis caused. To assist decision making a scoring system known as BE3A had been devised to predict the outcome of these patients treated with DAAs. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 44 patients with Child Pugh class B and C cirrhosis undergoing Sofosbuvir based therapy in combination with Daclatasvir ± Ribavirin. Baseline parameters of the BE3A score including BMI, Encephalopathy, Albumin, Ascites and ALT were recorded. Inclusion criteria was age 18-65 years, chronic HCV infection, with detectable HCV plasma RNA, and decompensated cirrhosis (CPT B or C). Patients with Hepatocellular carcinoma, Post liver transplant CHC, eGFR <30 ml/min and not on sofobuvir based regime were excluded. The patients were followed up for 36 weeks and patients were reassessed for their CTP class and MELD score. Data was analyzed using SPSS. RESULTS: Data was collected on 44 patients with SVR12 on DAA therapy. 42/44 patients were alive at 36 weeks with one patient each dying with BE3A scores of 1 and 3 respectively (one with score of 3 had several co-morbidities). 7%, 52%, 33% and 7% patients had scores of 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. Majority of the patients with scores of 3 and 4 had improved outcomes as evidenced by a reduction in their MELD scores but no patient had a change of their CTP class to A. CONCLUSION: Our study provides us real life data on the ability of the BE3A score to predict outcomes in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis undergoing DAA therapy. It does predict improved outcome in terms of an improved MELD and CTP scores but this treatment does not lead to a change in the CTP class in our patients. We feel that a longer term follow up may result in this improved outcome. This ability to predict treatment outcomes is particularly relevant in resource constrained countries like Pakistan in order to prioritize treatment for the patients most likely to benefit from treatment. In addition Sofosbuvir/Daclatasvir ± Ribavirin based combination is very economical as compared to the other regimens and may be used in resource poor countries with acceptable results.
CheerOn

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Novices learn innovation best through project-based learning (PBL), working in face-to-face teams to tackle real-world problems. Yet, real-world projects are complex, stressful, and especially challenging for novices. Online communities could provide social support to motivate novices, but it is unclear how to design online communities to support face-to-face PBL teams. Here we ask: How might we design an online system that enlists external supporters to provide online social support to motivate PBL students? Our need-finding study found that PBL students received infrequent social support, rarely engaged in help-seeking, and perceived little progress until the end of their projects. Based on these findings, we designed CheerOn , an online social support system that prompts novice student teams to externalize progress allowing external, online supporters to offer social support. We tested CheerOn with 3 PBL teams and 15 external supporters over a 6-week course. We found that external supporters provided instrumental, informational, and emotional support that strengthened students’ bonds to the community, which increased help-seeking. Supporters also provided appraisal support, which increased students’ perceived value of their work. Supporters were more likely to offer informational and instrumental support when they were promoted or saw a clear need for help; supporters who received gratitude from students were more likely to offer emotional support in return; and supporters who were closely connected to the community were more likely to offer appraisal and instrumental support. Theoretically, this research contributes to our understanding of how hybrid face-to-face and online communities can impact the behavior of PBL students, specifically towards the facilitation of help-seeking behavior, as well as increased understanding of how different types of social support (i.e., appraisal, emotional, informational, and instrumental) can impact the participation of PBL students and supporters. Practically, this research contributes to our understanding of how to design socio-technical systems that facilitate social support for offline novice PBL students working, expanding the instructional resources available for preparing novices in PBL environments.
Effects of Oral Isotretinoin in Women with Acne and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Running Title: Effects of Oral Isotretinoin

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Oral isotretinoin is the unique treatment for cure or prolonged remission for moderate and severe acne, preventing psychosocial impact and scars . Aim: The aim of study was to detect the effects of oral isotretinoin in women with acne and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Subject and Methods: This was a prospective clinical study included 40 patient's diagnosed clinically in women with acne and polycystic ovary syndrome. Patients will be recruited from dermatology and gynecology outpatient clinic at Damietta faculty of medicine, Al-azhar University. Results: there was a statistically significant difference between baseline and after treatment acne score (Mean ± SD= 2.42 ± 0.844 vs 0.73 ± 0.452, P < 0.001). Also there was a statistically significant difference between baseline and after treatment global acne score (Mean ± SD= 11.58 ± 5.857 vs 1.65 ± 1.369, P < 0.001), Conclusion: solely isotretinoin treatment may be beneficial in patients with PCOS and acne who are not capable of using OCPs. Large-scale and well-balanced studies are required to understand the effect of isotretinoin in these patients.
Battle Tactics of the Western Front: The British Army's Art of Attack, 1916-18.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Part 1: Setting the Scene Introduction The Tactical Dilemma. Part 2: Infantry Can Infantry fight Forward on Its Own? Lessons of the Recent Operations The Last Eighteen Months. Part 3: Heavier Weapons Instruments of Frightfulness Automatic Weapons The Bright Shining Shells Controlling the Mobile Battle. Part 4: the BEFs Tactical Achievement Doctrine and Training Conclusion: The Fallacies of Anglo-phobic Teutophilia Appendices: The Limitations of the War and Society Style of Military History Armies Corps and Divisions of the BEF.
Root Water Uptake: From Three‐Dimensional Biophysical Processes to Macroscopic Modeling Approaches

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The process description of plant transpiration and soil water uptake in macroscopic root water uptake models is often based on simplifying assumptions that no longer reflect, or even contradict, the current status of knowledge in plant biology. The sink term in the Richards equation for root water uptake generally comprises four terms: (i) a root resistance function, (ii) a soil resistance function, (iii) a stress function, and (iv) a compensation function. Here we propose to use a detailed three‐dimensional model, which integrates current knowledge of soil and root water flow equations, to deduct a one‐dimensional effective behavior at the plant scale and to propose improvements for the four functions used in the macroscopic sink term. We show that (i) root hydraulic resistance may be well defined by the root length density but only for homogeneous lateral conductances and no limiting xylem conductance—in other cases a new function depending on the root hydraulic architecture should be used; (ii) soil resistance cannot be neglected, in particular in the rhizosphere where specific processes may occur that alter the soil hydraulic properties and therefore affect uptake; (iii) stress and compensation are two different processes, which should not be linked explicitly; (iv) there is a need for a clear definition of compensatory root water uptake independent of water stress; (v) stress functions should be defined as a maximal actual transpiration in function of an integrated root–soil interface water head rather than in terms of local bulk water heads; and (vi) nonlinearity in the stress function is expected to arise if root hydraulic resistances depend on soil matric head or when it is defined as a function of the bulk soil water head.
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: CONTRIBUTION / ROLE OF PAKISTAN ARMY’S PESHAWAR DIVISION IN KHYBER PAKHTUN KHUWA (KPK) – PAKISTAN

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The study purely aims to illuminate and explore the role/ work of Army in carried/ carrying out CSR activities in province of KPK, Pakistan.Data is collected from already published various sources i.e. portals, newspapers and on ground observation etc. which is processed to generate a firm conclusion based on the same data.Findings confirm the dominant involvement of Army in carrying out CSR activities in KPK contributes to the wellbeing of local sand strengthening trust of the people on Army besides their core responsibility.
Linking surface error characteristics to root problems in user-based evaluation studies

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper reports a study of novice subjects using Word 5.1. for the Macintosh. In particular, user errors were analysed. The intention was to investigate the difficulty, that evaluators have in determining root error causes from surface characteristics. Errors made by subjects were examined and classified in phenotype and genotype categories[3]. An error was classified in a genotype category if it was felt that system had failed to support that particular user mental action. The utility of the analysis that was used for analysing usability errors is then discussed.
Enrichment of Phenolic Acids from Herba Lycopi by Macroporous Resins

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Objective:The technology of enriching phenolic acids was researched from Lycopus lucidus Turcz by macroporods resins.Method:The peak areas of protocatechualdehyde,caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid were compared from the ten kinds of macroporous resins’desorbED solutions under the same HPLC condition to determine the kind of macroporous resins.The contents of protocatechualdehyde,caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid were chosen as assessment index to decide the concentration of ethanol.Result:The two kinds of macroporous resins,HPD-600 and AB-8 from Hebei province were optimized.The adsorption resin of HPD-600 was appropriate to enrich protocatechualdehyde and the eluant was 50% ethanol;the adsorption resin of HPD-600 was appropriate to enrich caffeic acid and the eluant was 95% ethanol;the adsorption resin of AB-8 was appropriate to enrich rosmarinic acid and the eluant was 95% ethanol.Conclusion:This experiencelaid a foundation for the enrichment technology of the phenolic acids from Herba Lycopi,it provided the key technology for the further research of Herba Lycopi’s consititutions.
Evidence that a 16-kilodalton integral membrane protein antigen from Schistosoma japonicum adult worms is a type A2 phospholipase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Type A2 phospholipase (PLA2) activity has been observed in integral membrane protein extracts of Schistosoma japonicum. Antiserum raised against bee venom PLA2 recognized a single 16-kDa band in the parasite extracts; it also localized to antigen in the gut lining of fixed adult schistosomes as shown by immunofluorescence techniques. Evidence was obtained that the molecule was expressed at low levels in comparison with other integral membrane proteins and was weakly immunogenic in rabbits. Two oligonucleotide probes were constructed on the basis of highly conserved regions between the nucleotide sequences of rat, bovine, rattlesnake, and bee venom PLA2; these probes were used to isolate S. japonicum genomic DNA phage clones. A 1.8-kb FnuD2 fragment was shown by Southern blot analysis to strongly hybridize with the 5' 32P-labeled PLA2 oligonucleotides in both S. japonicum genomic DNA and DNA from one of the phage clones. The nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of this fragment revealed homology with the C terminus of PLA2s from different species.
Correlation and function in Cerec 3.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The Correlation and Function modes are valuable assistants for an anatomical occlusal surface design in the Cerec method. Because of the extensive improvements of the Cerec 3 software, particularly the Correlation mode considerably simplifies the clinical procedure. Correlation works so accurately that even with small restorations, provided that the initial situation is anatomically correct, a second exposure is worthwhile, since the intraoral corrections on the occlusal surface are reduced to a minimum by the use of Correlation. The Correlation algorithm also brings somewhat incongruent exposures into exact alignment. With this principle and the enormous progress made in the hardware, further exceptional development of the Cerec occlusal surface can be expected.
Occurred time and prognosis of complications after radiofrequency catheter ablation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

【Objective】 To evaluate the occurred time and prognosis of complications after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for arrhythmia.【Methods】2764 patients who underwent RFCA for arrhythmias during 2004 Jan and 2009 Sep were reviewed.【Results】Complications related to the ablation procedure occurred in 35 patients among 2764 patients to whom RFCA were attempted for arrhythmias (1.27%).23 cases were found during the operation (65.7%),11 were found within 24 hour after the procedure (31.4%),and 2 patients were died.1 cases occurred 1 week later after the procedure.【Conclusions】Complications of RFCA for arrhythmias mostly occur within 24 hour during the operation,and the data suggest that after uncomplicated RFCA for arrhythmias should intensively observe at least for 24 hours.