jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Morus rubra Extract Induces G1 Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Lung and Prostate Cancer Cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract: Objective: Cancer is one of the most deadly types of disease and evasion from apoptosis and unstoppable cell proliferation are accepted as its distinctive features. Many studies have evaluated the cytotoxic effect of different Morus species but, there is no study about cytotoxic effect of Morus rubra. In this study we aimed to evaluate phenolic composition, antioxidant properties and cytotoxic effect of acidified dimethyl sulfoxide extract of M. rubra (AMRE). Method: Antioxidant properties, phenolic composition and cytotoxic effect of AMRE were determined using spectrophotometric methods, HPLC, and MTT assay, respectively. Then, mechanisms of cytotoxic effect of AMRE on human prostate (PC-3) and lung (A549) cancer cells were examined in regard to cell cycle, apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential using flow cytometric methods. Results: Total phenolic content and reducing power values were 11.9 mg gallic acid equivalents and 42.9 mg trolox equivalents per g sample, respectively. Ascorbic and gallic acid were detected in AMRE as major antioxidant compounds. We determined that AMRE increased cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and exhibited apoptotic features via decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential in both prostate and lung cancer cells. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that M. rubra extract can affect the behavior of human prostate and lung cancer cells in vitro conditions, and this effect now needs to be investigated in vivo. Key words: Apoptosis, Cell Cycle, Cytotoxicity, Lung Neoplasms, Morus rubra, Prostate Neoplasms.
Job satisfaction: a comparison of employees of recreation tourism companies in Iceland and employees in general

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study was aimed at examining the job satisfaction of employees of recreation tourism companies in Iceland and comparing the results to employees in general. Study participants were 131 employees of 27 organizations and the instrument used for the comparison was the Icelandic Employee Index based on a database with answers from 5.813 respondents from 87 organizations collected from 2004 through 2013.
Employees of tourism recreation companies generally reported higher satisfaction even though the global job satisfaction was not significantly higher. Nonetheless, employees of tourism recreation companies felt more satisfied than employees in general about the work, working conditions, and salary and benefits as well as rating higher on the image construct. Furthermore, more commitment was evident of employees of tourism recreation companies than employees in general.
The findings indicate that employees of recreation tourism companies evaluate intrinsic rewards about their work as an important component of their job satisfaction. That gives administrators in the industry a hint of how to attract and retain the right talent to their organizations in order to keep up with the current and foretasted growth of tourism in Iceland.
Characterization of Hemolytic Aeromonas sp. MH-8 Responding to the Exposure of Green Tea Catechin, EGCG

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study was to characterize the hemolytic Aeromonas sp. MH-8 exposed to green tea catechin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Initially, the hemolytic Aeromonas sp. MH-8 was enriched and isolated from stale fish. Bactericidal effects of MH-8 exposed to EGCG ranging from 1 mg/mL to 4 mg/mL were monitored, and complete bactericidal effects were achieved within 3 h at 3 mg/mL and higher concentrations. SDS-PAGE with silver staining revealed that the amount of lipopolysaccharides increased or decreased in the strain MH-8 treated to different concentrations and exposing periods of EGCG in exponentially growing cultures. The stress shock proteins (70-kDa DnaK and 60-kDa GroEL), which might contribute to enhancing the cellular resistance to the cytotoxic effect of EGCG, were induced at different concentrations of EGCG exposed to cell culture of MH-8. Scanning electron microscopic analysis demonstrated the presence of irregular rod shapes with umbilicated surfaces for cells treated with EGCG. 2-DE of soluble protein fractions from MH-8 cultures showed 18 protein spots changed by EGCG exposure. These proteins involved in chaperons (e.g., DnaK, GroEL and trigger factor), enterotoxins (e.g., aerolysin and phospholipase C precursor), LPS synthesis (e.g., LPS biosynthesis protein and outer membrane protein A precursor), and various biosynthesis and energy metabolism were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting using MALDI-TOF. In consequence, EGCG was found to have substantial antibacterial effects against food-poisoning causing bacterium, hemolytic Aeromonas sp. MH-8. Also the results provide clues for understanding the mechanism of EGCG-induced stress and cytotoxicity on Aeromonas sp. MH-8.
Effect of Nutrient Metabolism on Cartilaginous Tissue Formation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Despite the potential of tissue engineering approaches for cartilage repair, a major shortcoming is the low biosynthetic response of chondrocytes. While different strategies have been investigated to upregulate tissue formation, a novel approach may be to control nutrient metabolism. Although known for their anaerobic metabolism of glucose, chondrocytes are more synthetically active when cultured under conditions that elicit mixed aerobic-anaerobic metabolism. Here, we postulate this metabolic switch induces hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) signaling leading to improved tissue growth. Transition to different metabolic states can result in the pooling of intracellular metabolites, several of which can stabilize HIF-1α by interfering with proline-hydroxylase-2 (PHD2). Chondrocytes cultured under increased media availability accelerated tissue deposition (2.2 to 3.5-fold) with the greatest effect occurring at intermediate volumes (2 mL/106 cells). Under higher media volumes, metabolism switched from anaerobic to mixed aerobic-anaerobic. At and beyond this transition, maximal changes in PHD2 activity (- 45%), HIF-1α protein expression (8-fold increase), and HIF-1 gene target expression were observed (2.0 to 2.7-fold increase). Loss-of-function studies using YC-1 (to degrade HIF-1α) confirmed the involvement of HIF-1 signaling under these conditions. Lastly, targeted metabolomic studies of glucose metabolites (14 in total) revealed that both intracellular lactate and succinate correlated with PHD2 activity. Although both metabolites can inhibit PHD2, this effect can most likely be attributed to lactate as succinate was only present in trace amounts. However, addition work (e.g., 13C flux analyses) are required to confirm this assertion. Nevertheless, by harnessing this newly identified metabolic switch, functional engineered cartilage implants may be developed without the need for sophisticated methods which would allow for improved translation into the clinical realm.
Choosing the Best Sustainable Prefabricated Building Systems Using the Analytical Network Process (ANP) Technique

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Attention should be paid to prefabricated construction, as the consumption of raw materials in traditional construction is large and affects the country's resources and economy. Sustainable prefabricated building systems in Iraq suffer from a clear weakness in management due to the use of old methods and a lack of focus on important management criteria. This research addresses this issue by modeling the analytical network process (ANP) technique to select the best types of systems. By reviewing the general literature, 80 indicators were identified within the 12 relevant categories. These indicators formed the basis of a closed questionnaire distributed to 90 experienced respondents. Three prefabricated building systems were identified based on the structural composition (load-bearing wall system, frame system, and box system). The expert questionnaire was analyzed using the ANP technique and the Sustainability Index (SI) for each system was found using the Excel program and it was found that the best sustainable prefabricated building system is the box system. This research helps to improve the management of prefabricated building projects and increase speed, quality, pollution, and reduce the cost of housing in Iraq, which suffers from high costs
Effect of adhesive type and composite viscosity on the dentin bond strength

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Objectives: Evaluate the influence of composite resins viscosity and type of cure of the adhesive systems on the bond strength of composite resins submitted to artificial aging. Methods: Dentin specimens (n = 240) were divided into 2 groups: Group GC: GrandioSO, and Group GF: GrandioSO Heavy Flow. These groups were subdivided into 6: FM: Futurabond M - light cured, FDCC: Futurabond Dual Cure - chemical cured, FDCL: Futurabond Dual Cure - light cured, CS3: Clearfil S3 - light cured, CDCC: Clearfil Dual Cure - chemical cured, and CDCL: Clearfil Dual Cure - light cured. Resin blocks were build up on the dentin surface. Half of samples on each group were cut to obtain resin/dentin sticks (1 × 1 mm). The other half was first submitted to thermomechanical aging. The dentin/resin sticks were submitted to microtensile bond strength test and the results were analyzed using three-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 5%). Results: ANOVA showed significant influence for adhesive (p = 0.0000) and aging (p = 0.0001). No significant influence of the composite viscosity on bond strength was observed (ANOVA: p = 0.0861). For adhesive, the results of Tukey's test (MPa) were CDCC: 13.44 (±5.13)a; FM: 14,01 (±2.71)a; CDCL: 14.51 (±4.98)a; FDCC: 18.66 (±7.13)b; CS3:18.80 (±6.50)b; FDCL: 19.18 (±7.39)b. For aging: AGED: 14.99 (±6.32) a; NOT AGED: 17.87 (±5.97)b. Conclusion: Composite resin viscosities did not influence on the bond strength. Type of cure of the adhesives had influence on the bond strength. Thermomechanical aging decreased the bond strength.
St. Peter's seal

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article St. Peter's seal Get access Celer Celer Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s7-XI, Issue 267, 7 February 1891, Page 116, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s7-XI.267.116c Published: 07 February 1891
Assessing Five Citrus Rootstocks for NaCl Salinity Tolerance Using Mineral Concentrations, Proline and Relative Water Contents as Indicators

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Changes in concentrations of Na, Cl and K, proline and Relative Water Contet (RWC) of five citrus species (Cleopatra mandarin, Carrizo citrange, Tiwanica, Bacraii and Shaker) grown in four NaCl salinity levels (0, 25, 50 and 75 mM NaCl) for the purpose of assessing their magnitude of susceptibility to salinity and estimating the salt tolerance degree were studied. The Na and Cl concentrations increased whilst K concentration in leaves decreased with increasing NaCl concentration in the rootzone. Shaker and Cleopatra mandarin accumulated optimal concentration of the ions in their tissues. Increasing NaCl concentration reduced RWC and increased proline content in plant tissues. Shaker and Cleopatra mandarin rootstocks maintained relatively higher leaf RWC and proline in comparison to other rootstocks. Cleopatra mandarin and Shaker showed to be markedly less affected by salinity up to 50 mM NaCl and could bear the highest salinity levels (75 mM) imposed in this study.
READING DIODORUS 18.9.3 AND ΜΕΤΑ ΠΟΛΛΗΣ ΗΣΥΧΙΑΣ

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Because Diodorus’ Bibliothēkē was written as an epitome, it has been common practice to conduct a compartmentalised study of his work. One of the results of this overly simplified approach has been to segregate passages from the rest of the narrative, such as 18.9.3 where Leosthenes recruits mercenaries for the Lamian War. As a result, the intended meaning of the crucial phrase μετὰ πολλῆς ἡσυχίας has been missed and valuable insight into the event is overlooked. This paper argues that μετὰ πολλῆς ἡσυχίας in Diod. 18.9.3 means ‘without great urgency’, not, as some have interpreted it, as ‘very quietly’ or ‘secretly’.
Emerging Techniques in Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and a significant contributor of health care costs. Noninvasive imaging plays an essential role in the management of patients with cardiovascular disease. Cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) can noninvasively assess heart and vascular abnormalities, including biventricular structure/function, blood hemodynamics, myocardial tissue composition, microstructure, perfusion, metabolism, coronary microvascular function, and aortic distensibility/stiffness. Its ability to characterize myocardial tissue composition is unique among alternative imaging modalities in cardiovascular disease. Significant growth in cardiac MR utilization, particularly in Europe in the last decade, has laid the necessary clinical groundwork to position cardiac MR as an important imaging modality in the workup of patients with cardiovascular disease. Although lack of availability, limited training, physician hesitation, and reimbursement issues have hampered widespread clinical adoption of cardiac MR in the United States, growing clinical evidence will ultimately overcome these challenges. Advances in cardiac MR techniques, particularly faster image acquisition, quantitative myocardial tissue characterization, and image analysis have been critical to its growth. In this review article, we discuss recent advances in established and emerging cardiac MR techniques that are expected to strengthen its capability in managing patients with cardiovascular disease. Level of Evidence 5 Technical Efficacy Stage 1
Unstable-Particle Scattering and the Strip Approximation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We examine, in this paper, the problem of formulating a bootstrap calculation when one of the scattering particles is unstable. Having defined the unstable-particle scattering amplitude as an $S$-matrix pole residue, we go on to discuss its analytic structure and point out that it may be determined from the usual Landau rules. We conclude that although the instability of the external particle complicates the structure it does not do so too severely. Therefore, we are free to postulate that, in analogy with the stable case, the unstable-particle amplitude exhibits Regge asymptotic behavior. This assumption leads us to construct a strip approximation to the amplitude which is a crossing-symmetric superposition of Regge pole terms. We point out that this approximation exhibits, in some respects, satisfactory analytic structure. In particular it takes quite well into account certain anomalous threshold effects. It satisfies a quasi-Mandelstam representation which we use to explore the analytic structure of the corresponding partial-wave amplitudes and their continuation to arbitrary angular momentum. We use certain simple discontinuity formulas to obtain dynamical equations for the partial-wave amplitudes and are consequently able to construct, formally, a complete bootstrap scheme. Finally, we mention some difficulties and unsolved problems.
Glaucomatous Image Classification Using Wavelet Based Energy Features And PNN

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract: Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. As glaucoma progresses, more optic nerve tissue is lost and the optic cup grows which leads to vision loss. Glaucomatous image classification can be efficiently performed using the texture features of an image. This paper focused on recent Glaucoma Classification techniques in Computer-Aided Diagnosis(CAD).Feature extraction is necessary to reduce the original dataset by measuring certain properties to make decision process easier during classification. Texture has been widely involved in many real life applications such as remote sensingbiomedical image processing, content based image retrieval. Representatives techniques and algorithm are explained to provide good idea about classification of fundus image which deals with 1 how medical images could be analyzed, processed, feature extracted by 2D-DWT methods and classified by Neural Network(NN), 2 how the techniques above could be expanded further to resolve problem relevant to Glaucoma image.
Moyamoya Disease: A Rare Vascular Disease of the CNS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare disease affecting the cerebral vasculature of the central nervous system (CNS) with a reported incidence of 0.35–0.94 per 100,000 populations. It was first reported from Japan and later from other parts of the world. The pathology is narrowing of blood vessels supplying anterior circulation and rarely posterior circulation. It was believed that the disease is genetic in origin, but environmental factors also play a role. Patients with this rare disease may present with ischemic or hemorrhagic symptoms. Ischemic symptoms account for the disease in most of the pediatric patients, whereas in adults, hemorrhage is more common. Diagnostic imaging like CT angiogram and magnetic resonance angiogram helps in demonstrating the narrowing or the collateral vessels like "a puff of smoke" (moyamoya) formed at the base of the brain. Moyamoya disease is treated medically and/or surgically. Aspirin is the main medication used. Surgical options are direct or indirect revascularization techniques to bypass the stenosis. The disease is progressive in majority of the patients, but if treated early, they can have good prognosis especially children.
The role of capabilities in new alliance creation and performance: a study of the biotechnology industry

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Strategic alliances, or interorganizational relationships, are a prevalent strategy used to achieve organizational goals. Along with the increasing prevalence of alliances has come a heightened need to understand the dynamics of these relationships, as approximately half of the alliances entered fail (Kale, Dyer & Singh, 2002). This research, therefore, seeks to expand on our current understanding of alliance capability development by exploring the effects of specific types of alliance and technological experience as well as their interactions on new alliance formation and performance. Using the resource based view of the firm as a theoretical framework, this research finds that firms are significantly more likely to enter into alliance types, and with specific alliance partners, with which they have past experience. The RBV notion that firm resources will be utilized in strategic decisions is supported by this finding. Experience in a particular product area was also found to increase the likelihood of firms entering into non-R&D type relationships suggesting the use of alliance relationships to capitalize on or seek to exploit product specific resources in the alliance context. Alliance experience in general was found to positively influence the performance of alliance relationships, while specific types of alliance experience were only found to influence performance when entering into that type of relationship. In this way, firms seem to develop distinct capabilities in specific alliance types that are not necessarily easily transferred from one relationship type to another.
Making Audience Experiences More Meaningful and Emotionally Engaging through Mixed Visual and Audio Media

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Unlike a conventional lecture, where interaction and delivery behaviour is generally predictable, this paper presents suggestions for alternative and innovative delivery methods using different forms of visual and auditory modes to create a ‘performance lecture’. A performance lecture is distinct from a conventional lecture in several ways. Its primary purpose is not simply to impart knowledge didactically, but to find ways of making spectatorship emotionally engaging. This paper first discusses the constituent parts of our evolving framework for performance lectures. We then provide a review of some initial visually-based demonstrator work, a 12 minute ‘triptych’ demonstrator video, followed by some preliminary analysis of a user evaluation study. Suggestions for further work conclude this paper.
Supplementary material from "Acoustic adaptation to city noise through vocal learning by a songbird"

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Anthropogenic noise imposes novel selection pressures, especially on species that communicate acoustically. Many animals—including insects, frogs, whales and birds—produce sounds at higher frequencies in areas with low-frequency noise pollution. Although there is support for animals changing their vocalizations in real time in response to noise (i.e. immediate flexibility), other evolutionary mechanisms for animals that learn their vocalizations remain largely unexplored. We hypothesize that cultural selection for signal structures less masked by noise is a mechanism of acoustic adaptation to anthropogenic noise. We test this hypothesis by presenting nestling white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophyrs) less-masked (higher frequency) and more masked (lower frequency) tutor songs either during playback of anthropogenic noise (noise-tutored treatment) or at a different time from noise playback (control treatment). As predicted, we find that noise-tutored males learn less-masked songs significantly more often, whereas control males show no copying preference, providing strong experimental support for cultural selection in response to anthropogenic noise. Further, noise-tutored males reproduce songs at higher frequencies than their tutor, indicating a distinct mechanism to increase signal transmission in a noisy environment. Notably, noise-tutored males achieve lower performance songs than their tutors, suggesting potential costs in a sexual selection framework.
Mind-Building Sculpture and Cognitive Engagement

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the idea of mind-building sculpture, that is a specialty of sculpture that is beyond aesthetics and utility to explore the intellectual, emotional and psychological topographies of the viewer. It discusses how the modern and classical sculptors incorporate a cognitive framework into the sculptural form, material and spatial engagement and sculpture turns out to become a generator of reflection, knowledge and self-transformation. The study relies on art history, phenomenology, and neuroscience to note the great potential of sculpture in shaping physical territory, as well as the human mind.
An Awareness Study about AIDS and Safe Blood Among Higher Secondary Girl Students

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: To study the level of awareness regarding AIDS and safe blood among higher secondary girl students of Meerut city. Study design: Cross sectional. Setting: Four randomly selected higher secondary schools in Meerut city (two each from English and Hindi medium). Participants: Two hundred higher secondary girl students of Meerut city from Hindi medium and 200 students from English medium. Statistical analysis: ‘Z’ test. Results: Overall awareness was 60.6% with mean score of 14.5 ± 2.5. Statistically significant difference in awareness was observed in Hindi and English medium schools. Conclusions: Health education about AIDS and safe blood is the need of the hour for developing a healthy society. Key words: AIDS Safe blood girl students awareness. (authors)