jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Motivating Behavioral Change in Fibromyalgia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION National statistics confirm what every primary care provider has always suspected-pain is the most common reason that patients seek medical care. It accounts for up to 80% of visits to physicians' offices in the United States (1,2), and recent surveys suggest that as many as 75 to 105 million Americans experience pain daily or intermittently (3-5). In most cases, both the patient and the physician understand the underlying disease process-for instance, pharyngitis, gastroenteritis, or migraine headache-and prescribed treatments are effective in resolving the painful symptom. When pain is persistent, and the underlying condition cannot be "cured" even with specialty care, medical management of the patient becomes difficult. This is especially true for patients with fibromyalgia (FM).
LECANIUM FLETCHERI, CKL

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the September (1893) number of the Canadian Entomologist, page 221, Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell described under the above name a Lecanium found at Ottawa upon an ornamental cedar on the Experimental Farm. Only a few specimens were found at that time upon three or four bushes of a shrub which we have tunder the name of Thuja Sibirica .
Zolpidem dependence with frontal lobe syndrome: a case report

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine sedative hypnotic that binds to the benzodiazepine binding site on the gammaaminobutyric acid type A (GABA-A) receptors. It is the most commonly prescribed sleep medication which has been shown to be effective for treating insomnia on a short-term basis with fewer side effects than traditional benzodiazepines, which are feared for their abuse and dependence potential. Many studies have reported efficacy and safety of zolpidem in treatment of insomnia keeping in mind about its low abuse, and dependence capability. We present a case of zolpidem dependence in a 36-year-old male to emphasize that zolpidem also should be judiciously prescribed under supervision so that it does not develop tolerance, abuse and dependence.
Access to Abortion Services in Tennessee: Does Distance Traveled and Geographic Location Influence Return for a Second Appointment as Required by the Mandatory Waiting Period Policy?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this article was to examine the average distance traveled to access an abortion procedure, rates of return for the procedure, and whether or not those living in rural zip codes were less likely to return for the abortion compared with residents in urban zip codes, in the context of a 48-hour in-person mandatory waiting period in Tennessee. Findings indicated that over 12 percent of patients who attended the in-person counseling session did not return for the procedure. Moreover, abortion patients in this study traveled an average of 50.53 miles to access abortion care, which is notably higher than the estimated national average of 11.00 miles. Rural residents were significantly more likely than urban residents to have to travel farther to access abortion services. However, neither geographic location nor distance traveled were predictive of returning to the clinic for the second appointment to obtain the abortion, suggesting that patients who did return were able to overcome any geographic disparities. Given the policy mandate that requires a minimum of two in-person clinic visits to obtain the abortion, patients who are traveling farther must still use more resources for two trips, which is a burden to them that is not experienced by more urban residents who are located in closer proximity to abortion providers. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of the findings for social work practice and policy.
AUTOMATIC EXTERNAL CARDIAC MASSAGE: A PORTABLE PNEUMATIC EXTERNAL CARDIAC COMPRESSION MACHINE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Massage or manual compression of the heart is accepted as a useful procedure when heart action has ceased because of accident or temporarily disordered function.Experience in the operating theatre has shown that manual massage through the open chest should be maintained for over an hour before being abandoned, but the procedure is tiring, and the operator must be relieved at frequent intervals.Because of the resistance of the chest wall in adults, the power required to produce effective compression of the heart through the unopened chest is far greater and is estimated at between a quarter and a half horsepower.This power output cannot be maintained for more than ten minutes by any one person.If it is accepted that external cardiac massage produces a limited but effective circulation and that one hour is the minimum period of treatment, it is obviously desirable that mechanical assistance should be available to take over after the initial emergency manual com- pression.The procedure lends itself to mechanical substitution and the more precise control available should extend its use and possibly reduce the visceral damage due to uncontrolled violent chest compression.This paper describes a cardiac massage machine and reports a series of experiments on dogs whose hearts had been stopped and whose circulations were then maintained for prolonged periods by it.The apparatus is small, light, portable, and safe, and its action is easy to control.Compressed air or oxygen was considered the most suitable power source as it is convenient for artificial ventilation, and its use is understood by those concerned with the operation of resuscitation apparatus.Electric batteries have not been used because they cannot supply the large power demands of this type of apparatus and might be found to be discharged when required in emergency, especially if stored for prolonged periods in adverse conditions.Mains electric power is rarely available on an accident site and could be dangerous in some situations, and the electro-pneumatic valves available must be controlled by electronic circuits fed by dry batteries which offer another source of failure in an emergency.The machine was accordingly designed so that the timing circuits and the chest compression ram were operated solely by compressed gas.The ram can apply any weight from a few pounds to over a hundred in variable steps by operation of a single control without stopping the machine.The pressure applied can be observed on a simple gauge and the exact degree of chest depression seen by the operator.The machine can stop at suitable intervals to allow inflation of the chest and, if necessary, it can carry this out automatically.As the timing circuits controlling heart compression, rate, and the pause for lung inflation, can be set in advance, the machine is no more difficult to operate than any other mechanical resusci- tation apparatus designed for use by semi-skilled persons.
The diagnosis, management and prevention of HIV-associated tuberculosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Tuberculosis (TB) and its strong association with HIV infection are the most important causes of the high rates of infectious morbidity and mortality in South African adults. The interaction between HIV and TB leads to more frequent smear-negative and extrapulmonary disease, resulting in atypical clinical presentations and altered performance characteristics of diagnostic tests. New and emerging diagnostics are being used to support earlier initiation of therapy and detection of drug resistance, although these have inherent limitations and empirical therapy is often still required. The management of HIV-associated TB is complicated by rapid clinical progression of disease, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, drug-drug interactions and shared toxicities. A strong evidence base now provides guidance on the timing of initiation of antiretroviral therapy, the use of corticosteroids in TB and the use of isoniazid preventive therapy. This article provides a clinically oriented overview of the diagnosis, management and prevention of HIV-associated TB, with a focus on recent evidence in the field.
The Effect of Conflict Management Strategies on Job Satisfaction: A Study in the Accounting Sector

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of conflict management on job satisfaction for the accounting sectorand to examine the effect between the conflict management strategies used by employees and their job satisfaction. Also, demographic characteristics are to contribute to the related literature by examining the effect of job satisfaction, conflict management, and conflict management strategies. In this study, survey research method and relational screening model were used. Then, e-survey was applied to 451 accounting professionals through convenience sampling among approximately 200.000 accounting sector employees operating in Turkey and 403 questionnaires were analysed. The factor loadings of the scales were examined, followed by reliability and normal distribution analyses of the relevant scales and then parametric tests were performed. Pearson correlation analysis and regression analysis were performed to examine the relationship between constructive, adaptive, coercive, avoidant and compromising subscales of job satisfaction scale and conflict management strategy scale. According to the results, conflict management has a positive effect on job satisfaction. Also, constructive, accommodative, compromise, avoidant and coercive conflict management strategies were also found to have a positive effect on job satisfaction. When demographic characteristics were analysed, it was found that there was no significant difference between gender, marital status, age, education level variables and job satisfaction, conflict management, adaptive, constructive, coercive, avoidant and accommodative conflict management strategies. It was observed that there was a significant difference between the professional experience variable and compatible conflict management strategy, also between the occupation variable and coercive conflict management strategy.
Theories of Tax Deductions: IncomeMeasurement versus Efficiency

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

What is the purpose of tax deductions? A common view among tax law scholars is that tax deductions are required to properly measure income. I present an alternative theory of tax deductions, relying on standard economic efficiency grounds. I develop a model which highlights the fact that economic activities have costs and benefits, but an income tax system taxes only some of those benefits. The efficient deduction rule allows the deduction of a share of the cost equal to the share of the benefit that is taxed. I also show that the deadweight loss due to a departure from the efficient deduction rule increases quadratically with the departure, making larger departures from the rule much more costly than smaller ones. I then review various tax deduction rules in the Internal Revenue Code, analyzing each rule under the two theories of tax deductions, and demonstrating that the efficiency theory is useful both for teaching tax deductions and as a guide to optimal tax policy.
Analysis of cases of human leishmaniasis and its relation to euthanasia of animals collected by the central control of zoonoses Mossoró-RN

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A leishmaniose é uma doença parasitária cujos agentes etiológicos são diferentes espécies de protozoários do gênero Leishmania, transmitido através da picada do mosquito Lutzomyia longipalpis contaminado. São zoonoses que afetam o homem e os animais, provocando alterações cutâneas e visceral. Foi realizado um levantamento epidemiológico dos casos de Leishmaniose visceral humano no município de Mossoró-RN no período de 2006 a 2012 e eutanásias em cães. Os dados foram cedidos pelo Sistema de Informação Agravos e Notificação (SINAN) e o Centro de Controle de Zoonoses respectivamente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a relação entre o número de casos de leishmaniose visceral humana e o aumento da contaminação na espécie canina, sendo analisados em decorrência da positividade e eutanásias realizadas pelo Centro de Controle de Zoonoses. Foi observado um total de 250 casos de leishmaniose visceral humana, apresentando maior índice o sexo masculino (52%), e as crianças com idade inferior 5 anos foi as mais afetadas. No decorrer do período foi eutanasiado um total de 10.703 cães oriundos de inquéritos sorológicos caninos realizados pelo CCZ, representando 16,1% de soropositividade. Já a positividade de clínicas particulares e animais entregues pelos proprietários com sintomatologia aparente ou por outros motivos, representaram 30% de prevalência da doença. Observando-se uma relação com o crescente número de casos humanos e os casos caninos, decorrente de uma maior contaminação ambiental.
Configuration-centered photovoltaic applications of metal halide perovskites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Metal halide perovskites, particularly lead halide perovskites, have seen extraordinary breakthroughs in photovoltaics with power conversion efficiency swiftly surging to over 22% in the past few years, demonstrating their huge potential for rivalry with crystalline silicon solar cells in terms of production cost and performance for the future photovoltaic market.
CHOICE OF AN OPTIMAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGY OF TRANSPORT DEMAND USING MULTI-CRITERIA ANALYSIS: CITY OF ZAGREB CASE STUDY

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

After initial enthusiasm by motor vehicles, society is lately increasingly noticing their shortcomings.Traffic problems caused by excessive use of cars, still represent a very serious and widespread problem, particularly in cities. Public opinion expresses dissatisfaction with the quality of the environment and traffic conditions.As the most important demand, the demand for human health stands out in the first place, and, consequently, the demand for sustainable transport development.The fact that the EU is involved in solving traffic problems by means of various directives and scientific research projects, points out the seriousness of the problem.Two solutions which are mainly used for solving traffic problems in cities are the construction or extension of existing transport infrastructure and traffic demand management (TDM).Traffic demand management is a new paradigm, which aims at reducing or transforming of traffic demand through reduction of unnecessary drives by cars and improvement of more efficient, healthier and, above all, cleaner forms of public and non-motorized transport.There is a whole range of methods for traffic demand management, such as Park & Ride system, carpooling, carsharing, priority for the vehicles with specified number of passenger -HOV, teleworking, congestion charging, charging for use of road infrastructure, bicycling infrastructure improvement, etc.The topic of the work focuses on the choice of optimal traffic demand management strategies in the city of Zagreb using multi-criteria analysis.
MALATE DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY POST EXPOSURE RECOVERY FROM LEAD INTOXICATED FRESHWATER FISH ANABAS TESTUDINEUS

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Malate dehydrogenase activity are important amongst the several enzymes available in the cells, Carbohydrates play an important role in the cellular process Under extreme stress conditions, carbohydrate enzyme such as Malate dehydrogenase have been known to act as the energy supplier in metabolic pathways and biochemical reactions. In the present investigation fish treated with an equitoxic dose of 10 ppm of lead nitrate and lead acetate intoxicated fish After a period of 15 days of exposure a batch from lead nitrate exposed fish and a batch from lead acetate exposed fish were transfered to lead-free water. Fishes were scarified on 1, 4, 8, 12 and 15 days for the analysis of of recovery pattern in tissues viz. liver, muscle, kidney, gill and brain .It is found that lead toxicated fishes were recovered after 15 days depends upon physical condition of the fish.
Effects of Tangshen Particle on the secretion and expression of midkine in rat glomeruli mesangial cells cultivated under high glucose

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective:To investigate the effect of Tangshen Particle on the secretion,expression of midkine(MK) in rat Glomeruli Mesangial Cells(GMCs) cultivated under high glucose.Methods:Two drug-contained serum of model rats were prepared,then GMCs were cultured with high concentration glucose(HG) and HG plus Benazepril,different doses of Tangshen Particle for different duration(24,48,72h),and set up normal control simultaneously.The content of midkine(MK) in the supernatant of cultured GMCs were detected by ELISA,and the expression of MK was detected by RT-PCR,Western Blot,respectively.Results:Compared with the normal control group,the content of secretion of MK in the supernatant of cultured GMCs was higher in HG(P0.001).Compared with HG group,Benazepril group and Tangshen Particle group decreased the expression of MK,Tangshen Particle groups were more significant(P0.05),a certain dose-dependent and time-dependent was shown.Conclusion:GMCs can increase the secretion and expression of MK induced by high glucose,Tangshen Particle can reduce the secretion of MK,and down-regulate the expression of MK,then delay the progress of glomerular sclerosis of diabetic nephropathy.
[Blunt and penetrating diaphragmatic injuries].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Between 1987 and 1992, 17 patients sustaining injury of the diaphragm were treated at our institution. All patients had associated injuries. Blunt diaphragmatic rupture (n = 13) was mostly diagnosed by chest X-ray, additional diagnostic procedures (contrast radiography, sonography) confirmed a suspected diaphragmatic rupture. In all 4 cases with penetrating injury the diagnosis was found by explorative laparotomy. In 2 patients sustaining blunt diaphragm rupture the diagnosis was delayed by 2 and 6 days. 3 patients (all sustaining blunt diaphragm rupture) died related to their associated injuries. All patients sustaining blunt or penetrating thoracoabdominal trauma, specially in high-velocity road accidents and injuries by shots or knives, are suspicious for diaphragmatic injury.
Hardware friendly algorithm development for real time video analysis system for security monitoring

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Video analysis has become a hot research topic recently due to its huge potential for application in intelligent monitoring for security and automatic control. Currently, most video analysis systems are implemented using software, which limits the speed and size of the system. In the near future, video analysis is likely to be integrated in camera for intelligent monitoring system. It is therefore worth exploring hardware solution for achieving small real-time video analysis systems. In this dissertation, we propose to achieve small real-time video analysis systems using FPGA-based hardware. During the project, the video analysis algorithms will be partitioned into software and hardware by considering its control complexity and internal parallelism. The algorithm parts with high control complexity will be partitioned in software for flexibility, while the parts with high parallelism will be partitioned into hardware for speed acceleration. Based on the partition, software and hardware cooptimization will be performed by modeling and simulation of the mixed system to reduce the complexity and improve the performance. After that, the proposed system will be implemented on FPGA where the hardware part is implemented using reconfigurable logic arrays, and the software part is implemented using hard DSP core in the FPGA. For the software to be implemented, we use the tool MATLAB.
Phase Behavior and Component Partitioning in Low Water Content Amorphous Carbohydrates and Their Potential Impact on Encapsulation of Flavors

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The compositions at which amorphous ethanol-maltose-water mixtures exhibit liquid-liquid separation have been determined in the temperature range from 20 to 80 degrees C. At water contents below approximately 20% w/w two phases were observed, with the maltose-rich phase slightly richer in water. Partition coefficients of organic nonelectrolytes ranging in hydrophobicity from 1, 2-ethanediol and 1,2-propanediol to benzyl alcohol and propyl acetate have been measured for octanol/sorbitol, benzyl alcohol/sorbitol, and 1-butanol/sorbitol mixtures. Linear correlations were found between the log partition coefficients in the various solvent systems. Replacing water with sorbitol results in more organic partitioning into the octanol. Replacing octanol with benzyl alcohol or 1-butanol also results in more organic partitioning into the hydrophobic phase. The results establish a relationship with partition coefficients for octanol/water mixtures, which are well studied experimentally and for which predictive approaches exist. The implications of these results for flavor retention and encapsulation are discussed.
TiO<inf>2</inf> coated ZnO nanorod to enhance efficiency of hybrid bulk heterojunction solar cells

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The performance of organic-inorganic hybrid device based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and vertically aligned ZnO nanorod depends upon the quality of the interface between organic and inorganic nanostructures. TiO 2 was used to improve the interface states between ZnO and P3HT. Vertically aligned ZnO nanorod was fabricated on top of the ITO glass by hydrothermal process. The nanorod has an average diameter of 80 nm and length of 600 nm as seen under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The transmittance window of this conductive nanorod layer fits perfectly with the absorption spectrum of organic polymer P3HT. Hybrid bulk heterojunction solar cell was fabricated by using P3HT as an electron donor and the vertical array of ordered ZnO nanorods as an electron acceptor. The P3HT - ZnO solar cell has the conversion efficiency of up to 0.48%. Interestingly solar cells fabricated using TiO 2 coated ZnO nanorod significantly increased the cell efficiency by 58%.
Traditional and New Influenza Vaccines

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY The challenges in successful vaccination against influenza using conventional approaches lie in their variable efficacy in different age populations, the antigenic variability of the circulating virus, and the production and manufacturing limitations to ensure safe, timely, and adequate supply of vaccine. The conventional influenza vaccine platform is based on stimulating immunity against the major neutralizing antibody target, hemagglutinin (HA), by virus attenuation or inactivation. Improvements to this conventional system have focused primarily on improving production and immunogenicity. Cell culture, reverse genetics, and baculovirus expression technology allow for safe and scalable production, while adjuvants, dose variation, and alternate routes of delivery aim to improve vaccine immunogenicity. Fundamentally different approaches that are currently under development hope to signal new generations of influenza vaccines. Such approaches target nonvariable regions of antigenic proteins, with the idea of stimulating cross-protective antibodies and thus creating a “universal” influenza vaccine. While such approaches have obvious benefits, there are many hurdles yet to clear. Here, we discuss the process and challenges of the current influenza vaccine platform as well as new approaches that are being investigated based on the same antigenic target and newer technologies based on different antigenic targets.