jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Control of leaf spot in yam with leaf extracts of bitter melon

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The use of plant extracts to induce resistance against pathogens has shown to be a promising alternative in the management of plant diseases. The objective was to evaluate the potential of ethanolic extract of Mormodica charantia on management of the Curvularia eragrostidis and enzyme activation involved on defense responses in yam (Dioscorea alata). The isolate of C. eragrostidis was obtained from leaves of yam with symptoms. Mycelial growth and sporulation were evaluated. The treatments were: extract of Momordica charantia 10, 100, 500 and 1000 ppm, acibenzolar-S-methyl (200 mg.L-1), fungicide (200 g.ha-1) and control. The evaluations were done daily, until the 15th day of the application of the treatments. The severity of the disease was evaluated at the end of the experiment, by the size of lesions in each plant. For determination of β-1,3-glucanase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase, leaves were collected in periods of 192 h after treatments application. Fungitoxic action of the treatments in the control of C. eragrostidis in vitro was verified. The M. charantia extract conferred significative levels of protection in yam plants against C. eragrostidis reducing incidence and disease severity. Thus, it was promoted increase in enzymatic activity, preconditioning yam in induced defense mechanisms.
QoS Measurement of Workflow-Based Web Service Compositions Using Colored Petri Net

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Workflow-based web service compositions (WB-WSCs) is one of the main composition categories in service oriented architecture (SOA). Eflow, polymorphic process model (PPM), and business process execution language (BPEL) are the main techniques of the category of WB-WSCs. Due to maturity of web services, measuring the quality of composite web services being developed by different techniques becomes one of the most important challenges in today’s web environments. Business should try to provide good quality regarding the customers’ requirements to a composed web service. Thus, quality of service (QoS) which refers to nonfunctional parameters is important to be measured since the quality degree of a certain web service composition could be achieved. This paper tried to find a deterministic analytical method for dependability and performance measurement using Colored Petri net (CPN) with explicit routing constructs and application of theory of probability. A computer tool called WSET was also developed for modeling and supporting QoS measurement through simulation.
The G-quadruplex DNA stabilizing drug pyridostatin promotes DNA damage and downregulates transcription of Brca1 in neurons

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The G-quadruplex is a non-canonical DNA secondary structure formed by four DNA strands containing multiple runs of guanines. G-quadruplexes play important roles in DNA recombination, replication, telomere maintenance, and regulation of transcription. Small molecules that stabilize the G-quadruplexes alter gene expression in cancer cells. Here, we hypothesized that the G-quadruplexes regulate transcription in neurons. We discovered that pyridostatin, a small molecule that specifically stabilizes G-quadruplex DNA complexes, induced neurotoxicity and promoted the formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in cultured neurons. We also found that pyridostatin downregulated transcription of the Brca1 gene, a gene that is critical for DSB repair. Importantly, in an in vitro gel shift assay, we discovered that an antibody specific to the G-quadruplex structure binds to a synthetic oligonucleotide, which corresponds to the first putative G-quadruplex in the Brca1 gene promoter. Our results suggest that the G-quadruplex complexes regulate transcription in neurons. Studying the G-quadruplexes could represent a new avenue for neurodegeneration and brain aging research.
Foreword: Biology/embodiment/desire

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The sexological roots of "lesbian" and the "queer" turn from biologized categories of sexual difference pose an exciting set of questions and tensions for thinking about queer feminism and biological meanings. This issue seeks to open space to explore how we might reconcile assumptions about "female same-sex sexuality" that often accompany "lesbian" with queer and trans-feminist treatments of science, embodiment, and desiring, while at the same time insisting on the importance of an undertheorized dyke legacy for thinking the at-once material and political nature of sexuality.
Aligning job redesign with leadership training to improve supervisor support: a quasi-experimental study of the integration of HR practices

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In this quasi-experimental study, we examine the alignment of a job redesign initiative with leadership training aimed at increasing supervisors' opportunities for providing support to employees. In addition, we examine intervention-mediated effects on climate for innovation through increases in perceived supervisor support. To test the hypothesized process, we used employee ratings (N = 524) of perceived supervisor support and climate for innovation collected at three time points over 2 years in the home help services in seven Swedish municipalities. Results of latent growth curve analyses showed that employees in the intervention group had a stronger and positive slope of perceived supervisor support relative to the comparison group. Further, the growth trajectories of perceived supervisor support were positively associated with climate for innovation at the 24-month follow-up. The study contributes to the human resource management literature by showing that alignment of employment practices such as training with work practices such as job redesign may be a promising strategy for achieving positive outcomes at multiple levels in organizations.
Comparative Analysis of Students Learning Achievement in The Advanced Public Sector Accounting

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Based on semester credit units (SKS) students must be able to complete public sector accounting subjects correctly in accordance with the provisions. This study was conducted to determine whether there is a difference in understanding the learning outcomes of advanced public sector accounting courses between classes A and B. To test the analysis using the Mann-Whitney nonparametric test. The population in this study were 52 4th semester students in the D4 Accounting Public Accounting Study Program. The results of this study indicate that learning understanding or the ability of students in advanced public sector accounting courses between class A and class B are different. Differences in the learning environment in advanced public sector accounting courses in each class affect student learning outcomes
Manuals and Reference Books for Typographers of the Late XIX – Early XX Centuries

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A brief description of publications for employees of printing houses is presented: reference books, calendars, which made it possible for typographers to learn the basic rules of typing, historical information on the printing business, as well as the addresses of printing houses in St. Petersburg. Special attention is paid to the characteristics of publications devoted to the printing business, from which information can be gleaned about ancient book-making technologies. In almost every publication, you can get bibliographic information about both printing manuals and small brochures intended for students. The authors shared their long experience of work in printing houses, thus helping the successors to avoid mistakes and perform works efficiently. Publications became necessary as reference and information materials, especially for owners of printing establishments, because from them it was possible to learn about factory legislation, insurance laws and customs tariff. After 1918, the governing bodies changed, so the directories contained information about the main state management bodies for the press and publishing houses of the Supreme Economic Council (Supreme Council of the National Economy) and for Petrograd, the structure of the Union of Workers of Printing Production, etc. There are no modern studies on the information support of the process of printing books in the late XIX – early XX centuries. The purpose of this article is to generalize information about reference literature aimed at typography workers of that period.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) innervation of the pituitary in a cichlid fish, Oreochromis niloticus: a brain lesion study.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In most vertebrates, multiple gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal groups have been reported. In tilapia three GnRH neuronal groups (terminal nerve, preoptic, midbrain) have been reported. Which of the three GnRH cell groups regulate the pituitary is not well known. We performed brain lesions of each neuronal group and studied immunocytochemically the changes of GnRH fiber distribution in the pituitary. Lesions of the preoptic cell group resulted in almost complete absence of GnRH fibers in the neurohypophysis of the proximal pars distalis. After lesions of the terminal nerve GnRH cell group, no changes were observed in the distribution of GnRH fibers in the pituitary. Lesions of the midbrain cell group were unsuccessful because of high mortality. The present study indicates that the preoptic GnRH cell group is the main contributor of the pituitary innervation.
Intelligent control system design to suppress vibration in civil structure

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this project, an intelligent control system for the vibration suppression of linear base-isolated buildings excited by unknown earthquake disturbance will be presented. Using PID theory, we can show how a PID controller manipulates its gains to suppress the motion of the structure caused by the unexpected earthquake disturbances. Following the PID control law of the linear parameters of the gains, we need to achieve a stable tuning on the PID controller for it to operate independently without external input at real times. The performance of the PID controller is evaluated on a full-fledged superstructure. Additional theories on nonlinear controller used on the interaction of the nonlinear base-isolated buildings will be elaborated too. Although PID controller does not give the best expected result to suppress the vibration of the earthquakes, it is one of the easiest controllers to study before proceeding to study on nonlinear controllers. Finally, the performance between the PID controller and one of the nonlinear controllers, namely the adaptive controller, will be compared. Nevertheless, the proposed adaptive controller is much better in controlling the vibration in the isolation layer for typical types of near-fault earthquakes even without compromising the base displacement or increasing the superstructure responses.
Assessment of effects of systemic cobalt chloride application at different concentrations 10, 100 and 1000μM.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p><b>a-c</b> Fluorescent images of regenerating caudal fins at 3 (<b>a1-c1</b>), 5 (<b>a2-c2</b>) and 7 dpa (<b>a3-c3</b>) under 3 different conditions: 10 μM (left column), 100 μM (middle) and 1000 μM of cobalt chloride (right column). Based on the high-magnification images of the single fin rays at 7 dpa (<b>d</b>), the skeletons of the regenerating vasculature at 7dpa were obtained (<b>d’</b>). The commonly used assessment values revealed no statistically significant differences (<b>e-f</b>). To focus on the effects of CoCl2-treatment in all applied concentrations, the controls are not displayed in this figure. The control fish used for the quantifications shown in the graphs (e-h) are the same as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0149281#pone.0149281.g004" target="_blank">Fig 4</a>. TRA in 10- and 100 μM groups had no remarkable difference in comparison with the control values (<b>e</b>). At 7dpa, the vascular projection area could reveal some tendency to dose-dependent inhibition, but the difference was not statistically significant. That can be, at least, partially explained by the sporadic presence of dilated vessels (marked with an asterisk in <b>d</b>). The skeleton-derived parameters like total vascular length (TVL) (<b>g</b>) or distance to farthest node (<b>h</b>) are not influenced by dilated vessels and revealed statistically significant differences. *—p<0.05; **—p<0.01; ***—p<0.001; ****—p<0.0001. Remark: The mortality in the 1000μM-group was very high (only 2 out of 8 fishes survived till day 7)–that was the reason for not considering it for the advanced analysis.</p>
In vitro Antiviral Activity of Eucheuma cottonii against New Castle Disease Virus

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Aims: To determine the antiviral activity of Eucheuma cottonii against the New Castle disease virus. Study Design: In vitro study. Place and Duration of the Study: The research was conducted in the Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Design, and Pharmacognosy department at St. John’s University of Tanzania and Virology Laboratory at Sokoine University of Agriculture between April 2022 and August 2022. Methodology: The present study used an OVO assay and hemagglutination test to investigate the In vitro antiviral activity of E. cottonii collected from Zanzibar, Tanzania, against the Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Ovo assay was assessed using 60 embryonated eggs and a hemagglutination test was performed by collecting the allantoic fluid from treated eggs and serum from hatched chicks to detect antigen titer against NDV using 96 well plate diffusion method. Results: Results of the Ovo assay showed that all the 40 embryonated eggs used as test group were alive and thus confirmed that the extract of E. cottonii (0.32 g/mL) is strong enough to destroy the virus. In which the results from the serial dilution assay (hemagglutination test) confirmed a substantial decrease in the high level of NDV as observed in the allantoic fluid of the infected embryonated eggs to range from 10^-3 to 10^-8 serial dilutions. Conclusion: The OVO assay and hemagglutination results indicate that E. cottonii possesses antiviral activity against NDV. Still further studies like isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds are needed to apply E. cottonii as an alternative source of therapy to fight against NDV.
Morpho-physiological and productive biometry in semi-erect cultivars of the cowpea under different plant populations

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate morpho-physiological and productive characteristics in four semi-erect cultivars of the cowpea under five plant populations. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of Embrapa Meio-Norte in Teresina in the State of Piauí, Brazil (PI). The experimental design was of randomised complete blocks with four replications, in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme, for evaluating four cultivars (BRS Guariba, BRS Novaera, BRS Potengi and BRS Tumucumaque) and five plant populations (105, 2x105, 3x105, 4x105 and 5x105 plants ha-1). There were significant differences between cultivars for primary branch length (PBL), number of lateral branches (NLB), 100-grain weight (HGW), and dry-grain yield (GY). The maximum PBL of 58.5 cm was obtained with 300 thousand plants ha-1, corresponding to an increase of 11.5% when compared to 100 thousand plants ha-1. However, there was a reduction of 91.2% in NLB when compared to the populations of 100 and 500 thousand plants ha-1. The increases of 188% obtained in the leaf area index (LAI) in the range of 100 to 500 thousand plants ha-1 explain the linear increase in the crop growth rate (CGR) as being due to the greater production of leaf area; also, the decreases seen in the net assimilation rate (NAR), especially in the range of 100 to 300 thousand plants ha-1, are explained as due to the consequent self-shading, which was intensified in the larger populations. LAI, light interception, and CGR in the cultivars increase in response to higher densities. HGW and GY are not significantly affected by the different populations.
Experimental overview on Future Solar and Heliospheric research

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Solar and heliospheric cosmic rays provide a unique perspective in cosmic ray research: we can observe not only the particles, but also the properties of the plasmas in which the they are accelerated and propagate, using in situ and high-resolution remote sensing instruments. The heliospheric cosmic ray observations typically require space missions, which face stern competition against planetary and astrophysics missions, and it can take up to decades from the initial concept proposal until the actual observing of the cosmic rays can commence. Therefore it is important to have continuity in the cosmic ray mission timeline. In this overview, we review the current status and the future outlook in the experimental solar and heliospheric research. We find that the current status of the available cosmic ray observations is good, but that many of the spacecraft are near the end of their feasible mission life. We describe the three missions currently being prepared for launch, and discuss the future outlook of the solar and heliospheric cosmic ray missions.
Output Multiformation Tracking of Networked Heterogeneous Robotic Systems via Finite-Time Hierarchical Control

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This article investigates the finite-time output multiformation tracking (OMFT) problem of networked heterogeneous robotic systems (NHRSs), where each robot model involves external disturbances, parametric uncertainties, and possible kinematic redundancy. Besides, the interactions among robotic systems are described as a directed graph with an acyclic partition. Then, several novel practical finite-time hierarchical control (FTHC) algorithms are designed. The convergence analysis of the closed-loop dynamics is extremely difficult due to the lack of effective analysis methods. Based on the mathematics induction and reductio ad absurdum, a new nonsmooth Lyapunov function is proposed to derive the sufficient conditions and settling time functions. Finally, numerical simulations are performed on the NHRS to verify the main results.
Evidence for subsidence rate variation in the Newark Basin and its influence on the deposition of fluvial sediments of the Stockton Formation

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The Stockton Formation of the Newark Basin represents an exciting time in Earth history during the early stages of rifting of the North Atlantic, with rapid subsidence and sediment deposition. Much of the previous work on this formation has been done using drill cores, with development limiting surface exposure. While this allows us to build a full stratigraphic sequence of deposition, it has the potential to miss smaller‐scale variability and sedimentary structures. It is also difficult to understand the three‐dimensional geometries, architecture and relationships between the depositional elements from drill core alone. An outcrop in North Bergen, NJ that was recently exposed during construction provided an opportunity to study the primary and secondary sedimentary structures of a previously hidden part of the Stockton Formation. These sediments and structures were investigated in the field and laboratory, with geochemical data assisting in the interpretation of their origin and history. Despite its small size, this outcrop provides strong evidence for varying rates of basin subsidence, with rocks deposited during more rapid subsidence also showing secondary structures associated with major earthquakes. Rapid subsidence during fluvial deposition resulted in the preservation of more fine‐grained, lower‐porosity sediments. Recently the Newark Basin has been identified as having characteristics that are favourable for CO 2 storage, however, a detailed understanding of sedimentary lithologies is essential to assessing that potential. If these periods of rapid subsidence have similar lithological consequences basin‐wide, this could potentially impact the capacity for carbon sequestration, by reducing porosity and permeability in many areas, and potentially creating barriers to flow.
Characteristics associated with the transition to partial breastfeeding prior to 6 months of age: Data from seven sites in a birth cohort study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life. However, the transition of the infants' diet to partial breastfeeding with the addition of animal milks and/or solids typically occurs earlier than this. Here, we explored factors associated with the timing of an early transition to partial breastfeeding across seven sites of a birth cohort study in which twice weekly information on infant feeding practices was collected. Infant (size, sex, illness and temperament), maternal (age, education, parity and depressive symptoms), breastfeeding initiation practices (time of initiation, colostrum and pre‐lacteal feeding) and household factors (food security, crowding, assets, income and resources) were considered. Three consecutive caregiver reports of feeding animal milks and/or solids (over a 10‐day period) were characterized as a transition to partial breastfeeding, and Cox proportional hazard models with time (in days) to partial breastfeeding were used to evaluate associations with both fixed and time‐varying characteristics. Overall, 1470 infants were included in this analysis. Median age of transition to partial breastfeeding ranged from 59 days (South Africa and Tanzania) to 178 days (Bangladesh). Overall, higher weight‐for‐length z ‐scores were associated with later transitions to partial breastfeeding, as were food insecurity, and infant cough in the past 30 days. Maternal depressive symptoms (evaluated amongst 1227 infants from six sites) were associated with an earlier transition to partial breastfeeding. Relative thinness or heaviness within each site was related to breastfeeding transitions, as opposed to absolute z ‐scores. Further research is needed to understand relationships between local perceptions of infant body size and decisions about breastfeeding.
Serologic survey for leptospirosis in coyotes in northcentral Kansas.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

During 1975 to 1977, serum samples were collected from 101 adult coyotes (Canis latrans) captured in northcentral Kansas. Ten samples were seropositive by microagglutination testing and six of those samples were seropositive for multiple serovars. Titers for Leptospira interrogans serovars grippotyphosa, pyrogenes, djasiman, butembo, and pomona were demonstrated.
The Right to Believe and Believing the Right Thing

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

During the summer of 1981 I had field training in an ‘outreach ministry’ of the United Church of Canada on an Ojibway Indian reserve in southern Manitoba. The Protestant churches first placed white ministers on the Swan Lake Reserve with the undeclared but clear intention to suppress the ‘paganism’ of traditional Ojibway spirituality. But the present policy of the United Church is to support the Band's recovery of self-determination in politics, culture, and religion. Some people in the United Church (and outside it) may worry that this non-proselytizing policy is a betrayal of our Christian duty to tell all the world that Jesus Christ is Lord. But quite the opposite is true. The silent witness given by the outreach minister in serving the needs of the Indians (as they see those needs) is one way to proclaim Christ's Lordship. Indeed it is the only way which is appropriate in our relations with a people whose exploitation has in the past proceeded under His name.