jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Influence of Glucocorticoids on Glucagon Secretion and Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations in Man

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Plasma concentrations of glucagon, insulin, glucose, and individual plasma amino acids were measured in normal nonobese and obese subjects before and after 3 days of dexamethasone treatment (2 mg/day) and in patients with Cushing's syndrome. The subjects were studied in the basal postabsorptive state and following the infusion of alanine (0.15 g/kg) or ingestion of a protein meal. In nonobese subjects dexamethasone treatment resulted in a 55% increment in basal glucagon levels and in a 60-100% increase in the maximal glucagon response to alanine infusion or protein ingestion. In obese subjects, basal glucagon rose by 110% following dexamethasone, while the response to alanine increased fourfold. In patients with Cushing's syndrome basal glucagon levels were 100% higher and the glucagon response to alanine infusion was 170% greater than in normal controls.Dexamethasone treatment in normal subjects resulted in a 40% rise in plasma alanine concentration which was directly proportional to the rise in basal glucagon. The remaining 14 amino acids were unchanged. In the patients with Cushing's syndrome alanine levels were 40% higher than in normal controls and were directly proportional to basal glucagon concentrations. No other plasma amino acids were significantly altered in the group with Cushing's syndrome. It is concluded that (a) glucocorticoids increase plasma glucagon concentration in the basal state and in response to protein ingestion or aminogenic stimulation; (b) this effect of glucocorticoids occurs in the face of obesity and persists in chronic hypercorticism; (c) hyperalaninemia is a characteristic of acute and chronic glucocorticoid excess, and may in turn contribute to steroid-induced hyperglucagonemia; and (d) increased alpha cell secretion may be a contributory factor in the gluconeogenic and diabetogenic effects of glucocorticoids.
The olfactory epithelium as a port of entry in neonatal neurolisteriosis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Bacterial infections of the central nervous system (CNS) remain a major cause of mortality in the neonatal population. Commonly used parenteral infection models, however, do not reflect the early course of the disease leaving this critical step of the pathogenesis largely unexplored. Here, we analyzed nasal exposure of 1-day-old newborn mice to Listeria monocytogenes (Lm). We found that nasal, but not intragastric administration, led to early CNS infection in neonate mice. In particular, upon bacterial invasion of the olfactory epithelium, Lm subsequently spread along the sensory neurons entering the brain tissue at the cribriform plate and causing a significant influx of monocytes and neutrophils. CNS infection required listeriolysin for penetration of the olfactory epithelium and ActA, a mediator of intracellular mobility, for translocation into the brain tissue. Taken together, we propose an alternative port of entry and route of infection for neonatal neurolisteriosis and present a novel infection model to mimic the clinical features of late-onset disease in human neonates.
Supplementary Figure and Table Legends from Mitochondrial/Cell-Surface Protein p32/gC1qR as a Molecular Target in Tumor Cells and Tumor Stroma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Supplementary Figure and Table Legends from Mitochondrial/Cell-Surface Protein p32/gC1qR as a Molecular Target in Tumor Cells and Tumor Stroma
A study on the characteristics of wastewater flowrate in land-use of Sogwipo-city in Cheju

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

To identify the characteristics of wastewater flow generated in treatment basins of Seogwipo-city, we selected 3 stations representing the basin and performed 7 times of field survey including 5 times in dry periods and 2 times in wet periods from Feb. 25 to May 27, 2002 for the selected stations. From the analysis of flow data measured for more than 60 days in the interval of 5 minutes and concentration data obtained from laboratory analysis, we can draw several conclusions. First, in the analysis of diurnal variation of wastewater flow for land-use types, we could find the following results: in the residential area, it is observed that wastewater flow rates rise early in the morning for the office-going hour and fall gradually and rise again after the office-leaving hour, showing typical residential wastewater flow pattern, while for the residential and commercial area flow rates rise early in the morning at the office-going hour and move up and down repeatedly within wide range and last till the office-leaving hour, which can be resulted from wastewater that is generated by tourists activated after early in the afternoon, while for the touristy area flow rates rise early in the morning and fall gradually and rise again within wide range. Second, in the analysis of temporal variation of wastewater flow for monthly, it can be observed that in the residential area, in the residential and commercial areas the flow rate of May is higher than that of Feb., March, while for the touristy area flow rate is without monthly because it reflects the movement of population, Third, in wet periods concentration of water-quality item such as SS, BOD, and COD_{cr}$ is high in the beginning of rainfall by first flush, and falls down gradually to reach the steady state, which is the level of wastewater in dry periods after the cease of storm water due to diluting effect resulting from additional runoff water through storm sewers.
Perinatal Mental Health in Community Psychiatry: A Reproductive Psychiatry eConsult Pilot Project

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Kennedy proposed his new program in 1963, the state hospitals had already been downsized by more than 54,000 patients, 10% of the total.Community psychiatry was also underway.A few good mental health centers existed prior to the federal program, such as the Prairie View Mental Health Center in Newton, Kansas, which opened in the 1940s.Similarly, the Fountain House Clubhouse in New York had opened in 1948.Thus, community psychiatry predates the federal CMHC program and has continued to thrive since the demise of that program.
Supplementary material to "Stable water isotopes and tritium tracers tell the same tale: No evidence for underestimation of catchment transit times inferred by stable isotopes in SAS function models"

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Figure S1.Long term 3 H data in precipitation at Vienna station and Stuttgart (thin violet line for Vienna station and dark violet line for Stuttgart station).We estimated the sine wave parameters a P , b P and φ P in each of the four precipitation zones (P1 -P4) based on the multiple regression coefficients reported by Allan et al. (2018) in which the study area is very closed to our catchment as follows: = (-7.90* 10 -6 ) * + (-2.62 * 10 -6 ) * + 0.0006 * + 0.28 * -0.009 * -0.43 (S1) = (-6.29 * 10 -7 ) * + 1.82 (S2) = (3.45* 10 -6 ) * + (1.19 * 10 -6 ) * -0.002 * -0.18 * -5.83 (S3) With La P [°] latitude, Lo P [°] longitude, H P [m] elevation, Tr P [℃] mean annual range of monthly temperatures, and P P [cm] mean annual precipitation.Note that all of the above individual spatial predictor variables, averaged for each precipitation zone (P1 -P4) (Table S1).Table S1 The sine parameters' predictor variables in different precipitation zones in the Neckar river basin.Precipitation zone La P [°] Lo P [°] Hp [m] TrP [℃] P P [cm] P1 48.42 8.87 568.04 19.90 93.28 P2 48.92 9.12 322.20 20.05 80.87 P3 49.05 9.71
Static fringing capacitance of a dielectric loaded coaxial termination

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The problem of theoretically determining the electrostatic fringing capacitance of a coaxial line which is terminated in an infinite, dielectric loaded ground plane has been reexamined. It is shown that the dependence of the fringing capacitance on the permittivity of the load is essentially nonlinear and may be modelled using a power series which arises naturally from the supporting mathematical description. The model can be employed in support of permittivity studies at low frequencies, where, for practical line sizes, the static capacitance will suffice.
Safeguarding Educational Innovations Amid AI Disruptions

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In an era marked by rapid technological advancement, protecting the intellectual property (IP) of educational innovations has become more critical than ever. This chapter examines the intersection of educational innovation, artificial intelligence (AI), and IP protection. Patents, which safeguard the technical and functional aspects of inventions, are crucial for protecting these advancements amid rapid technological disruptions. As discussed in the chapter, several challenges are posed by AI in generating and managing IP, including the need to redefine inventorship, address skill obsolescence, and ensure equitable IP frameworks. Despite the importance of addressing these issues to foster innovation, they remain underexplored in the existing literature. Therefore, this chapter calls for a reassessment of existing legal and procedural frameworks to adapt to the evolving IP landscape and sustain the integrity of educational innovations. Overall, this chapter aims to contribute to the development of robust strategies for safeguarding educational innovations in an AI-driven era.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP ORANG DENGAN GANGGUAN JIWA YANG TERLANTAR DI RUMAH SINGGAH

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

That the legal protection for the handling of people with neglected mental disorders is not yet maximized to get a sense of security to be returned to the family and community environment after receiving health rehabilitation treatment at the Shelter and being declared cured or healthy to carry out their social functions, which they should get in order to achieve optimal mental health. The research carried out in this thesis research is normative legal research, where research examines from the point of view of legal science in depth the established norms which are then supported by additional data in the field. Legal protection for people with mental disorders who are abandoned in halfway houses is essentially everyone has the right to get legal protection. This is stated in Article 28 D paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia which states that everyone has the right to recognition, guarantee, protection and fair legal certainty and equal treatment before the law. Actions in handling people with neglected mental disorders that are carried out in handling people with abandoned souls carried out by the Social Service are sent to the social rehabilitation center. For Satpol PP, the action is to bring order to the streets and say that people with mental disorders are displaced by the Social Service program. This means that there is no unified action between institutions in handling people with neglected mental disorders.
THE CHANGE OF THE APPARATUS OF DOORFRAME AND THE COMPLETION OF HEIZIKU PART 1 : Henzuki and heiziku until Nara period

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This studied the change of the apparatus of doorframe till Nara period. ・There were the thick board as the pivot and heiziku formerly. First, nagesi was a member of holding the windowframes, later became the pivot and structural. So the thick board became disused. ・Heiziku took over the function of hentuki.The first, using heiziku around door was Kondo in T6sy6daizi-temple.Because heiziku had flat only on the front, the pivoting part had been square section. ・The first, nagesi as the pivot was KairO in HoryQzi-temple. Pivoted doors by kabuki-nagesi and han-nagesi was established at GozyQ-no-to in Daigozi-temple at least.
CameraMatch

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We seek to increase both the enjoyment in a photo session and the amount of information of a photo by appending Manga iconography to photos automatically. By reducing the number of dimensions in a video to that of a photo, a user can easily understand events and the context of the video in less time. However, it is not easy to realize such a system. In this paper, toward automatic Manga iconography generation, we report on our feasibility study in which we attempted to associate subjects in a video with their smartphones.
Improving access to psychological therapy for people with learning disabilities from services users' and clinicians' perspectives: An action research approach

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Despite legislation commanding equitable access to all mainstream services, reports continue to question Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) accessibility for people with learning disabilities (LD). Related research typically excludes service-users with LD perspectives’ and overlooks implementation of findings. This research aimed to elicit, implement and evaluate IAPT service users with LD and IAPT clinicians’ suggestions for improvement regarding the accessibility of one IAPT service. \n \nMethod: An action research design comprised of: planning/data gathering (phase one), action/implementation (phase two) and evaluation (phase three) was undertaken within an inner-London IAPT service. Seven IAPT service-users with LD and 12 IAPT clinicians were interviewed using a revised version of the Green Light Toolkit (National Development Team for Inclusion, 2013). Qualitative data from phases one and three were analysed using thematic analysis. Phase one recommendations were collaboratively implemented over a six-month period in phase two. Phase three consisted of evaluative interviews with service-users with LD and IAPT clinicians and elicitation of further recommendations. \n \nResults: Phase one found both service-users’ and clinicians’ believed that the service was ‘doing well’. Both also proposed recommendations for clinician and recommendations for the service. However, clinicians’ recommendations were underpinned by their ‘uncertainty’ in working with this population. Phase two’s implementation of recommendations included: adaptations of existing written texts, creation and distribution of easy read promotional material on IAPT, and three training events. Phase three saw both groups commend the actions taken and propose further recommendations for clinicians and for the service; however, clinician’s continued to express doubts about whether IAPT could fully adapt without systemic changes. \n \nConclusion: Whilst effective changes can be made ‘on the ground’, in order for people with LD to receive equitable access and adequate support within IAPT, ‘LD’ needs to be prioritised by IAPT commissioners, service leads, and training course providers. This project is particularly relevant for Counselling Psychologists as it embodies the requirement for us learn from and work with service users and other professionals, attend to discrimination and work towards social justice.
ECONOMIC AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS AND THEIR PRACTICAL APPLICATION IN AGROCHEMICAL EXPERIMENT

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sustainable development of agriculture, increasing its productivity are inextricably linked with the intensification of the industry and the growth of its efficiency. One of the most important intensification factors is the use of a fertilizer system. The fertilizer system includes the selection of the best combinations of various types, forms and doses of fertilizers, applied at the optimal time and providing the maximum increase in yield from fertilizers directly in the year of use. At the same time, it should be noted that the most positive effect of fertilizers is manifested in the case when their use is put on a scientific basis, depending on the biological characteristics of the culture, variety and soil and climatic conditions. The correct use of fertilizers should be economically profitable, ensure the production of more high-quality products with relatively less additional costs of production means and labor. Field experiments are often a long-term and costly undertaking. In order to eliminate these shortcomings, they resort to using economic and mathematical methods in the practice of an agrochemical experiment to optimize the fertilizer system.
Database for nuclear EoS

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

It is a long standing problem in nuclear physics and astrophysics to determine the nuclear EoS, which is important in many astrophysical applications, such as simulations of supernova explosions and the constraint of the maximum mass of neutron stars.There are hundreds of published papers dealing with nuclear EoSs, while more than ten nuclear EoS tables are available in tabulated form.In spite of many published EOSs, only a small number of datasets are used in the astrophysical applications.Thus we have constructed a database for nuclear EoSs "EOSDB" which contains information about nuclear theory, HIC experimental analysis, and the observations of NSs relevant to the EoS.The EOSDB is a powerful online tool to investigate the model dependence of a huge number of EoSs, not only for theoretical studies but also for experimental and observational constraints.Users of the EOSDB can compare EoSs, download numerical data, and obtain the details of the method adopted in the original papers.
Sedimentology of the Central Region of the Brampton Esker: An Empirical Test of an Esker Sedimentation Model

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

<p> Eleven facies types, distinguished on the basis of internal grain size and primary sedimentary structure, were obsereved at the central region of the Brampton esker. These facies were then used to perform an empirical test of H.C. Saunderson's model of eskerine sedimentation for this part of the esker. Primarily, the vertical sequence of facies consisted of: (a) cross-bedded gravel representing the front of a prograding delta; (b) delta-front sands that are poorly sorted and characterized by massive structure and parallel lamination; (c) cross-bedded coarse sand recording the migration of sand waves across the topset; (d) trough-shaped cross-laminae of fine sand indicating current ripple migration on top of the sand waves; (e) draped lamination grading into cross-laminae of fine sand showing stoss-side preservation as the ratio of suspended sediment to bed load decreased; and (f) thick layers of silt and clay deposited in stagnant water conditions brought about by delta abandonment. Cut-and-fill structures were also present, giving evidence of distributary channels traversing the delta. </p> <p> Saunderson's model adequately explains the origin of sediments in the central region of the esker, but some modifications were made on the basis of new evidence revealed by a recently uncovered exposure. </p> <p> The sedimentary enviroment was that of a delta which consisted of a topset network of distributary channels prograding into a glaciolacustrine enviroment.
NUMERICAL STUDY OF BEHAVIOR OF SQUARE FOOTING ON GEOGRID-REINFORCED FLYASH BEDS UNDER STATIC LOADING

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The technique of ground improvement using geosynthetics has been developed extensively over the last few decades, in particular to those applied in pavement and foundation engineering.Fly ash is a naturally-cementations coal combustion by-product.Coal-based thermal power plants all over the world face serious problems of handling and disposal of the ash produced.Hence attempts are being made to utilize the ash rather than dump it.The main objective of this research study is to investigate the potential benefits of using the reinforced soil foundations to improve the load carrying capacity and reduce the settlement of shallow foundations on flyash.Numerical modelling is performed using PLAXIS version 8.2 which is finite element code for soil and rock analysis and is capable of modelling reinforced soils.A series of finite element analysis were performed to study the effectiveness of the reinforcement distribution (i.e, number of reinforcement layers and the spacing between the reinforcement layers) on the behaviour of the square footing on flyash beds.The dimensions of the tank used in analysis are 11m diameter and 3.6m height.The mild steel footing is used with the dimensions of 1m width and 0.04 m thickness respectively.The loading condition used for the present study is Point load.The input values of point loads are given in force per unit width (kN/m).The static loads are applied up to 50mm settlement.The analysis demonstrates that the reinforced flyash beds perform better than the unreinforced flyash beds.The performance of footing improves with increase in number of reinforcement layers.As the spacing between the reinforcement increases settlement will reduces.
Predicting faults from cached history

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We analyze the version history of 7 software systems to predict the most fault prone entities and files. The basic assumption is that faults do not occur in isolation, but rather in bursts of several related faults. Therefore, we cache locations that are likely to have faults: starting from the location of a known (fixed) fault, we cache the location itself, any locations changed together with the fault, recently added locations, and recently changed locations. By consulting the cache at the moment a fault is fixed, a developer can detect likely fault-prone locations. This is useful for prioritizing verification and validation resources on the most fault prone files or entities. In our evaluation of seven open source projects with more than 200,000 revisions, the cache selects 10% of the source code files; these files account for 73%-95% of faults--a significant advance beyond the state of the art
Bromocriptine treatment of invasive giant prolactinomas involving the cavernous sinus: results of a long-term follow up

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Object The aim of this study was to observe long-term clinical outcomes in a group of patients treated with bromocriptine for invasive giant prolactinomas involving the cavernous sinus. Methods Data from 20 patients with invasive giant prolactinomas at the authors’ institutions between July 1997 and June 2004 were retrospectively reviewed. The criteria to qualify for study participation included: 1) tumor diameter greater than 4 cm, invading the cavernous sinus to an extent corresponding to Grade III or IV in the classification scheme of Knosp and colleagues; 2) serum prolactin (PRL) level greater than 200 ng/ml; and 3) clinical signs of hyperprolactinemia and mass effect. Among the 20 patients who met the criteria, six had undergone unsuccessful transcranial or transsphenoidal microsurgery prior to bromocriptine treatment and 14 patients received bromocriptine as the primary treatment. Eleven of the 20 patients underwent adjuvant radiotherapy. After a mean follow-up period of 37.3 months, the clinical symptoms in all patients improved by different degrees. Tumor volume on magnetic resonance images was decreased by a mean of 93.3%. In 11 patients, the tumor had almost completely disappeared; in the other nine patients, residual tumor invaded the cavernous sinus. Visual symptoms improved in 13 of the patients who had presented with visual loss. Eight patients had normal PRL levels. The postoperative PRL level was more than 200 ng/ml in seven patients. During the course of drug administration, cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred in one patient, who subsequently underwent transsphenoidal surgery. No case of apoplexy occurred during bromocriptine treatment. Conclusions Dopamine agonist medications are effective as a first-line therapy for invasive giant prolactinomas, because they can significantly shrink tumor volume and control the PRL level. Tumor mass vanishes in some patients after bromocriptine treatment; in other patients with localized residual tumor, stereotactic radiosurgery is a viable option so that unnecessary surgery can be avoided. The application of radiotherapy does not reliably shrink tumor volume.