jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Word Choice Affects Social Judgments: Relational Messages Containing Low-Frequency Words Get Low Evaluations

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Prior research found a word complexity effect: Authors who use complex words are less favorably received when writing academic essays, business letters, and other relatively formal communications. The present study tested if word choice affects evaluations of messages between friends (Experiments 1-2) and spoken messages (Experiment 2). Three widespread dimensions of social judgments were studied – namely, persuasiveness, competence, and sincerity. Participants read/heard messages that varied (between-participants) by ordinary versus low-frequency words ( sad vs. forlorn). Messages containing low-frequency words (mostly) received lower evaluations. Most importantly, word choice effects in messages between friends were consistently found – for both written and spoken language. Feedback analysis (Experiment 2) revealed that the overuse of “big vocabulary” conflicts with conscious social beliefs regarding ways to communicate, showing that social judgments spring from a combination of conscious social beliefs and the relatively unconscious influence of fluency.
Evidence of effectiveness of specialist supportive clinical management for anorexia nervosa in routine clinical practice: Outcomes from a clinical case series

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective This study provides a preliminary report on the effectiveness of Specialist Supportive Clinical Management (SSCM) in a clinical case series of adults with anorexia nervosa, to supplement evidence of efficacy from controlled trials. Method Body mass index (BMI), eating disorder symptoms, mood and anxiety were measured at the start and end of treatment for 42 adults who received SSCM in a community eating disorders service. Results Significant improvements were observed on all outcome measures, with larger effect sizes for symptom change than BMI. Recovery rates appear similar to those in clinical trials. Discussion The study offers preliminary support for the effectiveness of SSCM in routine settings and identifies several areas for further research.
Natural Convection in Solar Houses: A Study by Holographic Interferometry

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Natural convection plays a fundamental role in heat transfer processes in solar houses : convection in storage devices in active systems, air movements in passive systems. Analytical or numerical methods are practically useless for tridimensional problems encountered in solar building. Even in bidimensional situations, numerical methods are very time-consuming and expensive. On the contrary, experimental methods are usefull to investigate how heat transfer processes take place in a solar system. Among them, optical interferometry is a very interesting one which gives a direct picture of the whole map of temperature within the transparent space where heat transfer takes place and which allows precise measurements of heat transfer coefficients h and Nusselt numbers along the interfaces wall-transparent medium. /1/ Conventional interferometers, such as the Mach-Zehnder set-up, have been used for half a century to visualize thermal fields and to measure heat transfer coefficients. However, these methods very used in aeronautical research are very expensive because the model must be equipped with optically perfect windows. On the contrary, holographic interferometry allows the use of inexpensive materials such as Plexiglass to make the models, and then, it is very attractive for studies on natural convection in reduced scale models of active and passive solar buildings. Interferometry is sensitive to refractive index variations due to pression, composition of the fluid or temperature variations. In our studies, the only parameter that varies is temperature. Then, isotherms are identical with equal index lines. The knowledge of n = f(T) for the fluid that fills the models permits to determine isotherms from the fringe patterns of the interferograms. /2/ Holographic interferometry, due to the optical memory property of holograms, allows us to compare two successive states of the same object. For example, if we consider a model in which heat transfer takes place, we can compare the model with non-uniform wall temperatures, with the same model whose walls are isotherm. In this case, each fringe in the interferogram represents an isothermal line which appears on the picture of the model. /3/ We must remember, however, that interferometry suffers two main limitations : 1 - Only two-dimensional heat transfer processes can be easily studied, because of the integration of the information along the light path in the third dimension ; 2 - Similitude probems arise when working on reduced scale models for the coupling of convective and radiative heat transfers. Moreover, refractive effects must be made as low as possible in order to have negligible influence on the interferogram, even in the high temperature gradient parts of the model, i.e. near the hot and cold walls.
Esophageal Cancer Among Black Men in Washington, D.C. I. Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Risk Factors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Esophageal Cancer Among Black Men in Washington, D.C. I. Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Risk Factors Get access Linda M. Pottern, M.P.H., Linda M. Pottern, M.P.H. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Linda E. Morris, M.P.H., Linda E. Morris, M.P.H. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William J. Blot, Ph.D., William J. Blot, Ph.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Regina G. Ziegler, Ph.D., Regina G. Ziegler, Ph.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joseph F. Fraumeni, Jr., M.D. Joseph F. Fraumeni, Jr., M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 67, Issue 4, October 1981, Pages 777–783, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/67.4.777 Published: 01 October 1981 Article history Received: 27 October 1980 Accepted: 01 April 1981 Published: 01 October 1981
TACC3 promotes colorectal cancer tumourigenesis and correlates with poor prognosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a malignant epithelial tumour with tremendous invasion and metastatic capacity. Transforming acidic coiled-coil protein-3 (TACC3), a frequently aberrantly expressed oncogene, is an important biomarker in various human cancers. Our study aimed to investigate the expression and function of TACC3 in human CRC. We found that TACC3 was over-expressed at both the mRNA and protein levels in CRC cells and in biopsies of CRC tissues compared with normal controls as determined by qRT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining assays. IHC staining of samples from 161 patients with CRC also revealed that TACC3 expression was significantly correlated with clinical stage (P = 0.045), T classification (P = 0.029) and M classification (P = 0.020). Multivariate analysis indicated that high TACC3 expression was an independent prognostic marker for CRC. Patients who had high TACC3 expression had significantly poorer overall survival (OS, P = 0.023) and disease-free survival (DFS, P = 0.019) compared to patients who had low TACC3 expression. Furthermore, TACC3 knockdown attenuated CRC cell proliferation, colony formation capability, migration and invasion capability, and tumourigenesis in nude mice; these properties were measured using a real-time cell analyser (RTCA), clonogenicity analysis, and transwell and xenograft assays, respectively. These data indicate that TACC3 promotes CRC progression and could be an independent prognostic factor and a potential therapeutic target for CRC.
Use of a chloroplast rRNA gene to introduce basic molecular biology techniques

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract We report a set of experiments that has been used for 14 years in an upper division undergraduate molecular biology laboratory course to introduce basic molecular biology techniques including DNA isolation, gene subcloning, restriction mapping, plant genomic DNA isolation, Southern blot hybridization, and DNA sequence analysis. This set of experiments is very useful for students who have limited or no previous experience with these techniques. A single gene, the 23S rRNA gene from tobacco chloroplast DNA, is used throughout these experiments. This allows for integration of the techniques and illustrates to students a natural progression of experiments to use in analyzing a new gene. The entire sequence of laboratory exercises spans 10–12 laboratory periods of 2.5–3 h each.
Cytokines may predict outcome at acute pancreatic patients with pulmonary failure: the beneficial role of somatostatin

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine seal is maintained by gentle pressure on the TT keeping the cuff pressing on the vocal cords.During percutaneous tracheostomy the bougie remains in the trachea.When ventilation through the tracheostomy tube (cuff inflated) is confirmed, the TT and bougie are withdrawn.Throughout the procedure, if ventilation difficulties occur, the TT can be easily re-inserted using the bougie as a guide.Results Three different bougies were used: types (number used) were Eschmann (29), size 10 Portex disposable (four) and size 12 Portex disposable (13).Three patients were trauma cases: a neutral cervical position was maintained.In 33 cases the Blue Rhino dilator and in 12 cases the Ultra-Perc (White Rhino) dilator was used.One case was a serial dilator (see later). ConclusionThe bougie for airway control for percutaneous tracheostomy was associated with zero hypoxic episodes in 46 cases.Minor bougie damage in two cases caused no problems.Other complications seen were either minor or unlikely to be due to the bougie. P3Percutaneous dilational tracheostomy in critically ill patients: progressive vs single dilatation techniques
Systemic administration of antiretrovirals prior to exposure prevents rectal and intravenous HIV-1 transmission in humanized BLT mice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Successful antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for mucosal and intravenous HIV-1 transmission could reduce new infections among targeted high-risk populations including discordant couples, injection drug users, high-risk women and men who have sex with men. Targeted antiretroviral PrEP could be particularly effective at slowing the spread of HIV-1 if a single antiretroviral combination were found to be broadly protective across multiple routes of transmission. Therefore, we designed our in vivo preclinical study to systematically investigate whether rectal and intravenous HIV-1 transmission can be blocked by antiretrovirals administered systemically prior to HIV-1 exposure. We performed these studies using a highly relevant in vivo model of mucosal HIV-1 transmission, humanized Bone marrow/Liver/Thymus mice (BLT). BLT mice are susceptible to HIV-1 infection via three major physiological routes of viral transmission: vaginal, rectal and intravenous. Our results show that BLT mice given systemic antiretroviral PrEP are efficiently protected from HIV-1 infection regardless of the route of exposure. Specifically, systemic antiretroviral PrEP with emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate prevented both rectal (Chi square = 8.6, df = 1, p = 0.003) and intravenous (Chi square = 13, df= 1, p = 0.0003) HIV-1 transmission. Our results indicate that antiretroviral PrEP has the potential to be broadly effective at preventing new rectal or intravenous HIV transmissions in targeted high risk individuals. These in vivo preclinical findings provide strong experimental evidence supporting the potential clinical implementation of antiretroviral based pre-exposure prophylactic measures to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS.
An Efficient IoT DataStream Prediction using Integrated Federated Learning with CRSO of Attention-based LSTM Framework

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Real-time data stream processing presents a significant challenge in the rapidly changing Internet of Things (IoT) environment. Traditional centralized approaches face hurdles in handling the high velocity and volume of IoT data, especially in real-time scenarios. In order to improve IoT DataStream prediction performance, this paper introduces a novel framework that combines federated learning (FL) with a competitive random search optimizer (CRSO) of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models based on attention. The proposed integration leverages distributed intelligence while employing competitive optimization for fine-tuning. The proposed framework not only addresses privacy and scalability concerns but also optimizes the model for precise IoT DataStream predictions. This federated approach empowers the system to derive insights from a spectrum of IoT data sources while adhering to stringent privacy standards. Experimental validation on a range of authentic IoT datasets underscores the framework's exceptional performance, further emphasizing its potential as a transformational asset in the realm of IoT DataStream prediction. Beyond predictive accuracy, the framework serves as a robust solution for privacy-conscious IoT applications, where data security remains paramount. Furthermore, its scalability and adaptability solidify its role as a crucial tool in dynamic IoT environments.
Effect of Metformin and Statin Use on Survival in Pancreatic Cancer Patients: a Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Objective: Current epidemiological studies report conflicting results for the effect of statin or metformin on pancreatic cancer overall survival. This literature review and meta-analysis summarize the studies reporting an association between statin or metformin use and overall survival of pancreatic cancer patients. Methods: We systematically searched for studies about the association between statin or metformin use and pancreatic cancer overall survival in electronic databases (PubMed, ISI Web of Science, MEDLINE, Cochrane, Scopus, Google Scholar). A meta-analysis based on hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was performed using random effect models. Heterogeneity between the studies was examined using I2 statistics, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the findings. Results: Of 116 statin-related articles identified, 6 retrospective cohort studies representing 12,057 patients were included. There was significant heterogeneity between studies. Statin use was associated with improved survival among pancreatic cancer patients (meta-HR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.59, 0.90; P < 0.001). Of 311 metformin-related articles, 8 retrospective cohort studies and 2 randomized clinical trials, representing 3,042 patients were identified. Metformin use was associated with better overall survival among pancreatic cancer patients (meta-HR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.92, P < 0.001), and significant heterogeneity was observed between studies. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the improved survival time of pancreatic cancer patients are associated with statin or metformin use. Due to the multiple sources of heterogeneity of the original studies, these findings should be considered cautiously, and confirmed with larger prospective individual-level studies.
[Exome sequencing revealed Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome underlying multiple disabilities].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Normal function of the thyroid gland is the cornerstone of a child's mental development and physical growth. We describe a Finnish family, in which the diagnosis of three brothers became clear after investigations that lasted for more than 30 years. Two of the sons have already died. DNA analysis of the third one, a 16-year-old boy, revealed in exome sequencing of the complete X chromosome a mutation in the SLC16A2 gene, i.e. MCT8, coding for a thyroid hormone transport protein. Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome was thus shown to be the cause of multiple disabilities.
Risk Factors Associated with Uterine Rupture and Dehiscence: A Cross-Sectional Canadian Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective To compare maternal and perinatal risk factors associated with complete uterine rupture and uterine dehiscence. Methods Cross-sectional study of patients with uterine rupture/dehiscence from January 1998 to December 2017 (30 years) admitted at the Labor and Delivery Unit of a tertiary teaching hospital in Canada. Results There were 174 (0.1%) cases of uterine disruption (29 ruptures and 145 cases of dehiscence) out of 169,356 deliveries. There were associations between dehiscence and multiparity (odds ratio [OR]: 3.2; p=0.02), elevated maternal body mass index (BMI; OR: 3.4; p=0.02), attempt of vaginal birth after a cesarian section (OR: 2.9; p=0.05) and 5-minute low Apgar score (OR: 5.9; p<0.001). Uterine rupture was associated with preterm deliveries (36.5 ± 4.9 versus 38.2 ± 2.9; p=0.006), postpartum hemorrhage (OR: 13.9; p<0.001), hysterectomy (OR: 23.0; p=0.002), and stillbirth (OR: 8.2; p<0.001). There were no associations between uterine rupture and maternal age, gestational age, onset of labor, spontaneous or artificial rupture of membranes, use of oxytocin, type of uterine incision, and birthweight. Conclusion This large cohort demonstrated that there are different risk factors associated with either uterine rupture or dehiscence. Uterine rupture still represents a great threat to fetal-maternal health and, differently from the common belief, uterine dehiscence can also compromise perinatal outcomes.
Increased Muscle Damage in HIF-1α KOs Following Repeated Exercise

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<div><p>(A) WT mice and HIF-1α KOs underwent a 4-d endurance test, in which animals were run to exhaustion on each of four successive days with a minimum of 22 h rest between trials. HIF-1α KOs demonstrated initially greater endurance under the protocol; however, by the second day, their endurance advantage was eliminated, and by the fourth day, HIF-1α KOs were running for a significantly shorter time (**<i>p</i> < 0.01) than on the first day, while WT animals were running for approximately similar times as on the first day. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed that the decrease in performance on each successive day was unique to HIF-1α KOs (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p>\n <p>(B) Example of hematoxylin and eosin staining of gastrocnemius muscles after 1 d of recovery by mice after the 4-d endurance test. Evidence of greater damage can be seen in HIF-1α KO muscles compared to WT muscles.</p>\n <p>(C) Example of PCNA staining of gastrocnemius muscles from exercised mice, demonstrating increased levels of muscle regeneration in HIF-1α KOs.</p>\n <p>(D) Number of PCNA-positive nuclei per square millimeter in gastrocnemius muscles of WT mice (<i>n</i> = 5) and HIF-1α KOs (<i>n</i> = 7) that ran repeatedly for 4 d. Although HIF-1α KOs have almost twice as many PCNA-positive nuclei per square millimeter, the difference is not significant, because of wild variations in that population. F-test analysis of the data reveals that the variance is much greater in the HIF-1α KO population than the WT population (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p></div>
Source and Magnitude of Censure in Predictions of Unethical Behavior

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study investigated the relationship of the prediction of ethical risk raking and the severity and agency of censure—self, family, peer group, and society. A significant interaction between agency and magnitude of censure was noted. With high censure, societal censure reduced risk taking most effectively; however, with low censure self-censure was most effective in inhibiting risk taking.
Technical Evaluation of Gamma-irradiation Pretreatment on Quality Preservation for Fresh Fish By

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A comprehensive review and evaluation on the use of gamma-irradiation for preserving fresh fish quality has been made. The advantages and limitations of using gamma-irradiation of less than 1 M rad have been re-evaluated and compared with previous tests at the Halifax laboratory in terms of physical, organoleptic and some post process quality assessments. Cod, mackerel, and scallop were chosen as the models for lean, fatty and shell fish respectively. The irradiation process can prevent bacterial spoilage in fish, particularly when chilling and/or handling practices are inadequate, but the potential catalytic influences on enzymatic and chemical deterioration during the post-mortem period should also be considered. Some considerations and reservations concerning the changes in overall quality for irradiated fish are discussed. Before more research is completed, the gamma-irradiation process should not be used for shellfish, fatty fish and various prepared and frozen fish products made from Canadian Atlantic species. du Evaluation technique du oisson frais aux ra ons (ii) par irradiation reserver la ualite
The Financialisation of the Citizen : Social and Financial Inclusion through European Private Law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This book discusses the role of private law as an instrument to produce financial and social inclusion in a context characterised by the redefinition of the role of the State and by the financialisation of society. By depicting the political and economic developments behind the popular idea of financial inclusion, the book deconstructs that notion, illustrating the existence and interaction of different discourses surrounding it. The book further traces the evolution of inclusion, specifically in the European context, and thus moves on to analyse the legal rules which are most relevant for the purposes of bringing about the financialisation of the citizen. Hence, the author focuses more on four highly topical areas: access to a bank account, access to credit, overindebtedness, and financial education.