jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Costs of Calling in Tettigoniid Orthoptera: A Case Study of Requena verticalis (Tettigoniidae: Listroscelidinae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The tettigoniid Requena verticalis Walker controls the apportioning of energy between calling and spermatophylax production during courtship and copulation. Males delay the onset of calling following mating and during this period nutrients are mobilized to the production of a large nutrient-rich spermatophylax as well as to the production of sound. Experiments, using males reared on high and low quality diets (Simmons et al. 1993) examined the distribution of metabolic resources during this post-copula refractory period. An experimental set of males was allowed to call in a period immediately following copulation, while a control group of animals was prevented from calling by waxing the wings together. Males maintain spermatophylax size, regardless of the quality of the diet, but delayed the onset of calling; those on a high quality diet were able to invest energy into further reproduction. Contrary to prediction, males prevented from calling did not produce a larger spermatophylax, which suggests that males control the apportioning of energy reserves during this critical period. It is argued that where energy reserves are required for the production of a spermatophylax, less energy may be available for calling and so calling strategies should evolve that allow for the more efficient use of metabolic energy for sound production. Calling efficiency is a measure of how males convert metabolic energy to sound power. Efficiency was estimated by measuring the metabolic costs of calling and the power of sound radiation from the calling insect. Metabolic costs of calling in R. verticalis are compared with those of conehead tettigoniids such as Neoconocephalus robustus where calling appears to require more energy per unit of sound. The efficiency of conversion of metabolic energy to sound in R. verticalis is 6.4% while that for N. robustus is 2% (Bailey et al. 1993). Another cost of calling is exposure by the male to acoustically orienting predators. Such predators may include tachinid flies, insectivorous bats and predaceous females. I discuss experiments where a species of vespertilionid bat is shown to orient to the call of R. verticalis (Hosken et al. in press). Males may also be subject to cannibalism by orienting females. I describe experiments where females are released within 2m of calling males and where males show a high degree of female rejection. In the confines of a small container, where each sex cannot retreat from the other, a male smaller than the female is far more likely to be eaten by the female than males paired with females of comparable size. In this context, I discuss how male coyness (a reluctance to mate) may be due, in part, to sexual role reversal and thereby under sexual selection, or due to female cannibalism, and thus selected through survival.
nrDNA ITS 和cpDNA rpl16 基因测序法对六种鼠尾草的检测

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

为从鼠尾草属植物中鉴别丹参品种，采用基因测序方法，用核糖体核酸内转录间隔区基因（nrDNA ITS），编码核蛋白体大亚基多肽L16的基因（rpl16）及叶绿体DNA上包含trnL以及trnL和trnF间隔区的区域基因（trnL-trnF）的序列，检测六种鼠尾草属新鲜植物。由于nrDNA ITS和rpl16突变率较高，可以做为6种鼠尾草的基源鉴定标记，依此设计了两对特异引物，从6种鼠尾草中鉴定出丹参（Salvia miltiorrhiza）和云南鼠尾草（S．yurmanensis）。但trnL-trnF突变率太低，未能用于鉴别。商品干燥中药材因加工和储藏的方式致使DNA降解严重，基因测序法难于应用。
Parallel adaptive integration in high-performance functional Renormalization Group computations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The conceptual framework provided by the functional Renormalization Group (fRG) has become a formidable tool to study correlated electron systems on lattices which, in turn, provided great insights to our understanding of complex many-body phenomena, such as high- temperature superconductivity or topological states of matter. In this work we present one of the latest realizations of fRG which makes use of an adaptive numerical quadrature scheme specifically tailored to the described fRG scheme. The final result is an increase in performance thanks to improved parallelism and scalability.
Long non‐coding RNA UCA1 increases chemoresistance of bladder cancer cells by regulating Wnt signaling

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Chemotherapy is a reasonable alternative to cystectomy in patients with invasive and advanced bladder cancer. However, bladder cancer cells often develop drug resistance to these therapies, and ~ 50% of patients with advanced bladder cancer do not respond to chemotherapy. Recent studies have shown that long non‐coding RNA (lnc RNA ) is involved in the development of chemoresistance. Here we investigated the role of the urothelial cancer‐associated 1 ( UCA 1) lnc RNA in cisplatin resistance during chemotherapy for bladder cancer. We showed that cisplatin‐based chemotherapy results in up‐regulation of UCA 1 expression in patients with bladder cancer. Similarly, UCA 1 levels are increased in cisplatin‐resistant bladder cancer cells. Over‐expression of UCA 1 significantly increases the cell viability during cisplatin treatment, whereas UCA 1 knockdown reduces the cell viability during cisplatin treatment. UCA 1 inhibition also partially overcomes drug resistance in cisplatin‐resistant T24 cells. Furthermore, we showed that UCA 1 positively regulates expression of wingless‐type MMTV integration site family member 6 (Wnt6) in human bladder cancer cell lines. UCA 1 and Wnt6 expression is also positively correlated in vivo . Up‐regulation of UCA 1 activates Wnt signaling in a Wnt6‐dependent manner. We finally demonstrate that UCA 1 increases the cisplatin resistance of bladder cancer cells by enhancing the expression of Wnt6, and thus represents a potential target to overcome chemoresistance in bladder cancer.
Review: Crown Jewel Wilderness: Creating North Cascades National Park by Lauren Danner

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Book Review| May 01 2018 Review: Crown Jewel Wilderness: Creating North Cascades National Park by Lauren Danner Crown Jewel Wilderness: Creating North Cascades National Park by Lauren Danner. Pullman: Washington State University Press, 2017. 1 + 320 pp.; illustrations, notes, bibliography, index; paperbound, $29.95. Laura J. Feller Laura J. Feller National Park Service (retired) Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The Public Historian (2018) 40 (2): 166–168. https://doi.org/10.1525/tph.2018.40.2.166 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Laura J. Feller; Review: Crown Jewel Wilderness: Creating North Cascades National Park by Lauren Danner. The Public Historian 1 May 2018; 40 (2): 166–168. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/tph.2018.40.2.166 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Public Historian Search This content is only available via PDF. © 2018 by The Regents of the University of California and the National Council on Public History2018 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Design of intelligent stereo garage system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract With the rapid development of the city, the car has entered thousands of households, and the difficulty of parking in the city will bring inconvenience to the citizens. This paper takes a roadway-type stereoscopic garage (warehouse-type stereo garage) as the research object, with PLC and servo control technology as the core, supplemented by contactless card reader and mobile client technology, and develops design of Urban stereo garage system based on Internet+. Through the network communication between the stereo garage system and the mobile phone client, the remote garage information inquiry is realized, and the PLC is connected with the touch screen to perform, and data reading and writing data can be performed and the visual management of the stereo garage can be realized.
Examining the Role of Green Transformational Leadership on Promoting Green Organizational Behavior

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This chapter examines the role of green transformational leadership on promoting green organizational behavior. Green transformational leadership has been found to be influencing green organizational behavior. The study uses content analysis and website analysis. Nedbank is used in the chapter as an archetype of an organization with a green transformational leadership which has influenced green organizational behavior. Four characteristics of green transformational leadership namely idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration were used. The leadership engages its customer and rewards them for green behavior which is important for intellectual stimulation and motivating their employees. The study contributes to the body of knowledge on green transformational behavior by confirming the relationship. The chapter recommends that more trainings and educational awareness on green values be provided to the management so that ultimately this are emulated and practiced by their employees.
A computational framework for behaviour adaptation: the case for agents and business processes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Behaviour adaptation is a critical desideratum in almost all kinds of computational machinery. The challenge is to address the limitations of pre-programmed behaviour, which cannot anticipate the potentially vast range of possible situations in which that behaviour would need to be deployed or the potential adversarial behaviour of other entities in the operating context. This dissertation seeks to address this challenge in the context of two currently popular classes of computational machinery: intelligent agents and business processes.
Role of Carbon in the Strengthening of Silicon Crystals

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Effect of substitutionally dissolved carbon on the mechanical strength of silicon crystals is investigated as a function of the concentration of oxygen dissolved in the crystals. It is concluded that carbon atoms increase the yield strength of silicon crystals when the crystals are initially dislocated and that these atoms coexist with oxygen atoms of concentrations higher than about 5×10 17 atoms/cm 3 .
EVIDENCE FOR CORE-POLARIZATION INTERACTION IN ODD-ODD IN NUCLEI

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The effective proton-neutron interaction was analyzed in 12 multiplets of 106–116 In. It was found that the quadrupole-quadrupole component of the interaction is about twice as strong as in the doubly magic region. The increase of the quadrupole-quadrupole interaction strength is in agreement with the presence of a core-polarization interaction, predicted by the particle-vibration theory and is consistent also with the increase of the proton and neutron effective charges in these nuclei.
Cardiac disease in children in Lebanon: the AUB-MC Children's Cardiac Registry experience.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The prevalence of many of the cardiac malformations in the CCRC was similar to that reported in the literature. However, some of the complex cardiac lesions were less common. The outcome of the two groups of patients is comparable to the outcome of children with cardiac malformation from developed countries. The establishment of a registry at the national level is important. Appropriate identification of the cardiac disease, its epidemiology, and outcome is of utmost importance in guiding adequate care.
Sclerotium cepivorum . [Distribution map].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Sclerotium cepivorum Berk. Hosts: Onion, shallot, leek etc. ( Allium spp .). Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Egypt, Libya, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe, ASIA, China, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Australia, New Zealand, EUROPE, Azores, Britain & Northern Ireland, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, USSR, Yugoslavia, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, USA, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Uruguay, Venezuela.
Serum Glucose Levels as an Independent Predictor of Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diabetes potentiates stroke by favouring thrombosis by increasing prothrombotic factors like fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor, and also increases platelet adhesiveness. There is a decreased fibrinolytic capacity due to increased concentration of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1. In the present study, we found that hyperglycaemia at the time of presentation with AIS conferred a worse prognosis. Hence Plasma Glucose levels can be used as marker of investigation and helps in management and future therapeutic approaches.
Effect of tobramycin on urinary gamma-glutamyltransferase activity: Studies in a case of renal carcinoma.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Gamma-Glutamyltransferase activity was studied in a man presenting with recurrent septicemia owing to pyonephrosis and renal carcinoma. Increased activity in the urine was ascribable to administration of the aminoglycoside antibiotic, tobramycin. That the renal carcinoma did not contribute to the increased values was confirmed by homogenization and enzyme histochemistry of the tumor. Although the activity of this enzyme in serum was greater than normal, this persisted postoperatively, and thus was not related to the renal carcinoma.
Characteristics of the distribution of glaciers in China

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

About 80% of the glaciers in China have been inventoried. Based on the inventory and an estimate of the area that has not been inventoried, there are about 45 375 glaciers in China, with a total area of 58 735 km 2 and an ice volume of about 5.31 × 10 12 m 3 . These glaciers are widespread in high mountains and in highland areas in western China, between 27°06′ to 49°09′N and 71°32′ to 103°54′E. The glacierized area in China comprises about 16% of the alpine glacier area in the world, and 47% of that in Asia. There are about 230 large glaciers, with areas exceeding 100 km 2 , in the world outside Antarctica and Greenland. Among them, 65 (28%) are in Asia and 31 (13%) in China.
A multiuser receiver for code division multiple access communications over multipath channels

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A multiuser communication system is considered where K users share a channel with multipath propagation by using code division for multiple access. Data modulation is carried out by binary phase shift keying and direct sequence spread spectrum signaling. The micro-cellular communication media is modeled as a frequency selective fading channel with multipath propagation. The multipath diversity of the received signals from the K users is exploited by a bank of K RAKE correlators. Algorithms based on the maximum likelihood rule have been developed for estimating the complex channel coefficients as well as for detection of the desired data packets from the sufficient statistics provided by the RAKE correlators. The performance of the resulting multiuser detector is evaluated analytically and via Monte Carlo simulations. The results indicate that the estimator of the channel coefficients has a variance close to the Cramer-Rao lower bound, and that the proposed multiuser detector is capable of eliminating the near-far effect as well as processing the signals propagated through multiple paths.< >
Natriuresis Induced by Alpha and Beta Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH) in Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

α- and β-MSH produced a marked natriuretic effect when injected ip in trained, fasted water-loaded rats. Doses of 50 and 90 μg of β-MSH produced a significant natriuresis, kaliuresis, and no change in urine output. Doses of 5, 10, and 50 μg of α-MSH produced a doserelated natriuresis, kaliuresis, and antidiuresis. The low doses of 1 and 2 μg of α-MSH also produced a significant increase in Na+ excretion without affecting K+ excretion or urine output. Since the natriuresis outpaced the kaliuresis, the Na+/K+ ratio increased. A 100 mU dose of oxytocin induced natriuresis, kaliuresis and a slight antidiuresis. The dose of 0.5 mU of lysinevasopressin produced a significant natriuresis and kaliuresis in the 20-40 min sample after injection, but the 1 mU dose was natriuretic and kaliuretic only in the 40-60 min sample. Both doses produced a significant antidiuresis. Treatment with thioglycollate to inactivate any vasopressin or oxytocin contaminating the α-MSH did not alter the natriuretic effect but eliminated the antidiuresis. Since thioglycollate eliminated the natriuretic effect of oxytocin, it is concluded that α- and β- MSH possess natriuretic activity in the rat. (Endocrinology90: 700, 1972)
?7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Alzheimer's Disease: Neuroprotective, Neurotrophic or Both?

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

One of the early signs of Alzheimer's disease is the impairment in hippocampus-based episodic memory function, which is improved through the enhancement of cholinergic transmission. Several studies suggest that α7 nicotinic receptor (nAChR) activation represents a useful therapeutic strategy for the cognitive impairments associated with early Alzheimer's disease as the α7 subtype of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are expressed by basal forebrain cholinergic projection neurons as well as by their targets in the hippocampus. The current model for the cholinergic deficit in Alzheimer's disease posits that inappropriate accumulation of misfolded oligomeric aggregates of β-amyloid peptide leads to the dysfunction of the signaling mechanisms that support the cholinergic phenotype; this is manifested as an altered function of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and the nerve-growth factor trophic support system that results in the loss of cholinergic markers and eventually cholinergic neurons from the basal forebrain cholinergic system. A view was confounded by the fact that α7 nAChRs and β-amyloid peptides have been shown to interact in vitro and in vivo, including human post-mortem AD brain. This review will begin with a brief overview of the basal forebrain cholinergic system, followed by a discussion of the current knowledge of the cholinergic deficit in Alzheimer's disease, then a summary of the cholinergic phenotype observed in transgenic Alzheimer's disease mouse models. We will also present our recent findings that support our hypothesis that the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor performs both the neurotrophic and neuroprotective roles in the maintenance of the cholinergic phenotype and discusses potential mechanisms and implications for Alzheimer's disease therapy.
Introducing ANSI-X3.138-1988: a standard for information resource dictionary system (IRDS)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) released its standard for information resources dictionary systems on 19 October 1988. The standard was formulated by the ANSI Technical Committee for Information Resources and Dictionary (X3H4), a Technical Committee of the ANSI Accredited Standards Committee for Information Processing Systems (X3). The purpose of the standard is to define the requirements of a software tool used to describe, document, control, protect, and provide access to information about the information assets of an organization. Recently, two additional standards have been approved to supplement the basic standard. One, X3.185, addresses the interface requirements between an IRDS and external software. The other, X3.195, addresses export/import requirements for exchanging information between ANSI IRDSs. This paper summarizes the conceptual evolution of repositories, provides an overview of the IRDS standards and outlines future directions for evolution of IRDS standards.< >
Deriving the Snel--Descartes law for a single photon

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The laws of reflection and refraction are typically derived using a dispersion relation that assumes that the angular frequency stays the same across a vacuum--dielectric interface and that the angular wave number increases. At the single photon level, this means that the total energy of the photon is conserved but the linear momentum is not. Here I derive the laws of reflection and refraction for a single photon using a dispersion relation that is consistent with the conservation of both total energy and linear momentum. To ensure that both conservation laws are upheld, the optical path length must be considered to be more fundamental than the geometrical path length when reckoning optical distances. As long as the medium is transparent, the optical path length traveled by a photon in a given duration of time is constant. By contrast, the geometrical path length traveled in a given duration of time is inversely proportional to the index of refraction. A photon propagating across a vacuum--dielectric interface is considered to be an indivisible package whose total energy (and angular frequency) and linear momentum (and angular wave number) remain constant, but whose velocity decreases with refractive index as a result of unspecified electromagnetic interactions.
DEDSWIN-Net: Dual Encoder Dilated Convolution and Swin Transformer Network for the Classification of Liver CT Images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Chronic liver disease (CLD) segmentation and classification present significant challenges due to inaccurate diagnosis and misleading clinical treatment processes. In contemporary times, artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) models are considered important tools for driving quantitative biomarkers for efficient stratification and computer-aided diagnosis support. However, prevailing DL models necessitate further enhancements as they rely on flawed assumptions that tumors exhibit non-complex physical structures and uniform image boundaries. To resolve this concern, this paper suggests a novel dual encoder deep learning structure named DEDSWIN-Net to mitigate this problem. The proposed framework consists of four components: a dilated convolution-based encoder, a transformer-based encoder, a multi-scale multiple feature fusion decoder (MSMFD), and a DL training model. The dilated convolution layers can retrieve fine spatial features, whereas Swin models are designed to obtain global information. Both these features are integrated by the MSMFD component that enhances segmentation. Finally, the deep learning training model is constructed using feed-forward principles for better classification of CLD. Comprehensive evaluation is conducted utilizing the LiTS2017-CT Image dataset comprising 100 hepatic disorders, and its performance is evaluated using ten powerful metrics: Jaccard Index (Jcc), dice similarity coefficient (DICE), precision (P), accuracy (Acc), specificity (Spec), recall (R), F1 score (FS), average symmetric surface distance (ASSD), Hausdorff distance (HD), and Intersection over Union (IoU). Furthermore, existing state-of-the-art DL frameworks are considered for comprehensive examination. Results demonstrate that the suggested methodology reveals supreme performance in terms of segmentation and classification with DICE: 0.984, JC: 0.92, IoU: 0.02, precision: 0.95, recall: 0.940, ASSD: 0.64, and HD: 0.32. Moreover, the exploratory outcomes prove the effectiveness of the suggested methodology in obtaining relevant characteristics, fuelling a better computer-aided diagnosis system for CLD.