jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
And then there was light in the Ganzfeld: Clarifying the methods, experiences, and modulating factors

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A Ganzfeld is a homogeneous, unstructured visual field that is known to induce visual hallucinations. Aside from visual percepts emerging in participants’ awareness, Ganzfeld viewing is characterized by decays of color and brightness. The studies dedicated to this topic from the 20th century have focused on these decays, although they have been reported in a confusing way, with different terms for these decaying experiences. This paper synthesizes the current state of the Ganzfeld literature going back to the 1930s with the purpose of clarifying the terminology of the phenomena that have largely retained their mysterious aspects. We built a Ganzfeld space to study the phenomenology without the restricted feeling of a confined space that translucent Ganzfeld goggles cause. Employing a multi-method approach, we combined quantitative and qualitative measures to grasp the number, kind and temporal dynamics of the experienced phenomena as well as their experiential characteristics better. We offer more insight into the different kinds of visual percepts that emerge in participants’ awareness, induced by the Ganzfeld, and we identified three distinct types of decays of color and brightness. We termed these “fade-out”, “black-out” and “blank-out”, and present both the prevalence as well as the qualitative characteristics of these decays. Finally, we shed some light onto the role of eye movements and blinks on the experienced phenomena. All of this is important groundwork to be able to study the dynamics of different Ganzfeld experiences, in relation to different states of consciousness and their neural correlates in future work.
Genetic signals of origin, spread, and introgression in a large sample of maize landraces

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The last two decades have seen important advances in our knowledge of maize domestication, thanks in part to the contributions of genetic data. Genetic studies have provided firm evidence that maize was domesticated from Balsas teosinte ( Zea mays subspecies parviglumis ), a wild relative that is endemic to the mid- to lowland regions of southwestern Mexico. An interesting paradox remains, however: Maize cultivars that are most closely related to Balsas teosinte are found mainly in the Mexican highlands where subspecies parviglumis does not grow. Genetic data thus point to primary diffusion of domesticated maize from the highlands rather than from the region of initial domestication. Recent archeological evidence for early lowland cultivation has been consistent with the genetics of domestication, leaving the issue of the ancestral position of highland maize unresolved. We used a new SNP dataset scored in a large number of accessions of both teosinte and maize to take a second look at the geography of the earliest cultivated maize. We found that gene flow between maize and its wild relatives meaningfully impacts our inference of geographic origins. By analyzing differentiation from inferred ancestral gene frequencies, we obtained results that are fully consistent with current ecological, archeological, and genetic data concerning the geography of early maize cultivation.
Load as an acute determinant of end-diastolic pressure-volume relation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Afterload-induced changes in myocardial relaxation are a mechanism for diastolic dysfunction when afterload is elevated beyond certain limits. The present study investigated the effects of acute afterload and preload changes on the position of the end-diastolic (ED) pressure-volume (P-V) relation. Beat-to-beat afterload elevations were induced in seven open-chest rabbits by gradually occluding the ascending aorta to increase peak left ventricular pressure (LVP) from baseline to isovolumetric level. Afterload elevations were performed at three ED LVP: 2.0 ± 0.2 (low), 5.7 ± 0.2 (mid), and 9.6 ± 0.6 (high) mmHg. Preload was altered with caval occlusions and/or intravenous dextran. Afterload elevations induced an upward shift of the diastolic P-V relation, which became more important as afterload and/or preload increased. For instance, maximal afterload elevations shifted this relation upward 2.2 ± 0.5, 5.1 ± 0.8, and 12.1 ± 1.7 mmHg at low, mid, and high preload, respectively. These effects were partially due to changes in relaxation rate and time available to relax. In conclusion, load is an acute determinant of the ED P-V relation, which, therefore, does not provide a load-independent assessment of diastolic function.
A motivational model of employee attachment to an organization

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Organizations are concerned with attracting employees who will both be highly engaged and want to stay with the organization. This requires ensuring that those who are attracted to working in an organization have their needs met, both in the organization and in the community in which the organization operates. Integrating job embeddedness theory, self-determination theory, and the tripartite model of commitment, a motivational model of the process of attachment to organizations is proposed. Suggestions for empirically testing this model, and for building human resource management practices that would foster organizational attachment, are discussed.
Bioactivity and mechanical behaviour of nanolayer hydroxyapatite coating developed through superplastic embedment of titanium alloy / Siti Nur Hasan

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The total joint replacement and mechanical stability are the vital components of the biomedical implant. In this study, Ti-6AI-4V is superplastically embedded with HA powder after being submitted to a heat treatment process to produce a new HA embedded layer with enhanced strength and good biocompatibility, which can be served as a good implant. Several properties of this new produced HA embedded layer has been analyzed from the perspective of bio-activity and scratch test. Numerous appropriate conclusions have been drawn. The results obtained, demonstrate that the HA embedded layer possesses good bioactivity properties and it is highly intact to the substrate, and that its stability is maintained even after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) for a period of 35 days.
Lead, Kindly Light

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Performer: Evan Williams Writer: Newman; Dykes Tenor with orchestra. Digitized at 78 revolutions per minute. Four stylii were used to transfer this record. They are 3.8mil truncated conical, 2.3mil truncated conical, 2.8mil truncated conical, 3.3mil truncated conical. The preferred versions suggested by an audio engineer at George Blood, L.P. have been copied to have the more friendly filenames. Matrix number: 64092 Catalog number: 64092
Layered Cathode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries (SIBs)

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this chapter, we bring an overview of sodium-ion batteries and the electrochemical performances of promising layered cathode materials used for Na-ion batteries. The benefits of using sodium, the working principle of Na-ion batteries were introduced. Furthermore, the properties of the two common sodium layered metal oxides O3-type and P2-type were presented. Also, we interpret how ex-situ and in situ techniques are being used for in-depth studying of the structure evolution and phase transition of layered structure materials for Na-ion batteries. The issues related to the phase transition of the two-layered structure types and strategies to prevent it were details discussed to find out the solution for long-cycling performance. Therefore, different synthesis methods utilized for doping/substituting in the original cathode such as solid-state reaction, sol-gel, and co-precipitation which helps to eliminate phase transition and enhance the structural stability were so far mentioned. After all, the structure and electrochemistry of layered structure materials of single transition metal (NaxMO2), two transition metals (NaxMMʹO2), and three transition metals (NaxMMʹMʺO2) are summarized. The last paragraphs mainly described our recent work of synthesizing NaNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 material with different phase components such as: single-phase (O3, P2, and P3), bi-phase P2/O3, and multiple-phase P2/O1/O3.
A STUDY ON TINEA CORPORIS INFECTION IN PATIENTS ATTENDING A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, TIRUPATI

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Tinea corporis (Ringworm) is a form of Dermatophytosis, which is a supercial fungal infection involving the trunk, legs, arms, commonly seen in countries like India. Although it is non-invasive and curable, its widespread nature and recurrence rates impose an economic burden on society in developing countries like India. This study aims at isolating different species causing this infection and studying their clinical patterns. Method: The study included the samples from the outpatients attending the Dermatology department of SVRRGGH, Tirupati, who were suspected of having Tinea corporis based on the clinical details, during the period from August 2018 to August 2019. The scrapings are examined by KOH mount and inoculated on Sabouraud's Dextrose agar and Dermatophyte test medium. The species are identied by colony morphology, Lactophenol cotton blue mount, biochemical reactions and standard procedures. Results: Out of 110 samples, overall positivity on direct microscopy is 78.2% (82), for Culture is 38.2%(42) and positive for both KOH and Culture are 38(34%). Out of 7 species isolated, the commonest isolate is Trichophyton mentagrophytes 19(45%), followed by Trichophyton rubrum 12(28%). Conclusion: Tinea corporis infections are more common in the 16-30 years age group, most of the patients belonging to low socioeconomic status with male predominance. Trichophyton species are commonly isolated from lesions in the waist and lower limbs, while Microsporum species from lesions on lower limbs. T. mentagrophytes was found to be the most common isolate and T. rubrum in case of extensive lesions.
The Intellectual Context 1

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter examines the influence of various non-Reformation traditions upon the thought of the English Reformers: patristic theology, scholastic theology, lollardy, and humanism. Each of them had a good grasp of patristic theology. For them, the medieval era was a period corrupted by pagan philosophy and it was their task to return to the purer doctrine of an earlier age. The influence of England's proto-reform movement carried on at popular level by the Lollards was not profound on the English Reformers. Humanism was far more important, particularly through the influence of Erasmus at Cambridge. It is humanism which provided the immediate intellectual context in which they interpreted and developed the theology of the continental Reformation.
EUROPEANIZATION ON THE PERIPHERY: IRISH ELITE RESPONSES TO EUROPEAN INTEGRATION, 1929 – 1963

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter analyses the Irish government’s responses to various proposals for European integration in order to trace the Europeanization of Irish foreign policy in the period from the inception of the Irish state to the mid-1960s. Following Irish independence, the Irish policy-making community initially regarded the establishment of full national sovereignty as the primary objective of foreign policy. Therefore, Irish elites rejected the Briand Plan for Federal European Union in summer 1930 and largely ignored the continued efforts of the European integration movements through the late 1940s. After the Second World War, Irish policy-makers increasingly accepted that the drive for national self-sufficiency (or economic sovereignty) could not be sustained because of the country’s dependence on its economic relationship with Britain. As a consequence, Ireland reluctantly participated in the Marshall Plan and the Council of Europe, but never fully participated in the efforts toward European economic integration. Only as a result of the economic stagnation of the 1950s did Irish elites come to embrace economic liberalization and to conceive of European integration as the means to modernize the country.
Integrinβ3 Mediates the Protective Effect of Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products During Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-product (sRAGE) was reported to protect myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries via interacting with AGEs (the ligands of RAGE). Besides, sRAGE was also reported to interact with myocardial cell membranes to protect myocardial I/R injuries. However, the specific molecular of the interaction between sRAGE and myocardial cell membrane is not clearly defined. Integrins were the major adhesion receptors expressed on myocardial cells. The present study showed sRAGE affected the expression of integrinβ3 around integrinβ1 to β5 in I/R treated cardiomyocytes. Consequently, it was supposed that integrinβ3 might be related to the protective effects of sRAGE on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injuries. The results in this study showed that the protective effects of sRAGE on cardiac function, cardiac infracting size and apoptosis in mice were cancelled by cilengitide (the inhibitor of integrinβ3). Myocardial apoptosis and autophagy decreased by sRAGE in I/R treated cardiomyocytes were showed to be increased by the inhibition of integrinβ3. Mechanistically, the inhibition of integrinβ3 decreased the phosphorylation of Akt and STAT3 but did not affect the phosphorylation of FAK, PTEN, and MAPKs (P38 MAPK, JNK, Erk) in OGD/R and sRAGE treated cardiomyocytes. In addition, the phosphorylation of STAT3 was significantly downregulated by the inhibition of Akt (LY294002,10μM) in OGD/R and sRAGE treated cardiomyocytes. The present study demonstrated integrinβ3 mediated the protective effects of sRAGE on myocardial I/R injuries through Akt-induced STAT3 signaling pathway thus may provide a novel molecular therapy strategy for ameliorating I/R injury.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with extension of the central canal of the spinal cord according to magnetic resonance imaging data

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The paper describes an atypical case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) concurrent with extension of the central canal – hydromyelia.Diagnostic difficulty is due to the presence of symptoms which are atypical for ALS, such as early age of onset, slow progression with long-term involvement of one leg, as well as extension of the central canal of the spinal cord at the level of TIII-IX bodies, as evidenced by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The paper presents a clinical case, a review of current literature on the clinical and MRI signs of ALS and on the differential diagnosis of motor neuron disease.
NGS-based identification and tracing of microsatellite instability from minute amounts DNA using inter-Alu-PCR

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Sensitive detection of microsatellite instability (MSI) in tissue or liquid biopsies using next generation sequencing (NGS) has growing prognostic and predictive applications in cancer. However, the complexities of NGS make it cumbersome as compared to established multiplex-PCR detection of MSI. We present a new approach to detect MSI using inter-Alu-PCR followed by targeted NGS, that combines the practical advantages of multiplexed-PCR with the breadth of information provided by NGS. Inter-Alu-PCR employs poly-adenine repeats of variable length present in every Alu element and provides a massively-parallel, rapid approach to capture poly-A-rich genomic fractions within short 80–150bp amplicons generated from adjacent Alu-sequences. A custom-made software analysis tool, MSI-tracer, enables Alu-associated MSI detection from tissue biopsies or MSI-tracing at low-levels in circulating-DNA. MSI-associated indels at somatic-indel frequencies of 0.05–1.5% can be detected depending on the availability of matching normal tissue and the extent of instability. Due to the high Alu copy-number in human genomes, a single inter-Alu-PCR retrieves enough information for identification of MSI-associated-indels from ∼100 pg circulating-DNA, reducing current limits by ∼2-orders of magnitude and equivalent to circulating-DNA obtained from finger-sticks. The combined practical and informational advantages of inter-Alu-PCR make it a powerful tool for identifying tissue-MSI-status or tracing MSI-associated-indels in liquid biopsies.
Provision of Digital Reference Services in Selected Nigerian State University Libraries

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Rationale of Study – This paper investigated provision of digital reference services in selected Nigerian state university libraries. The study examined how digital reference service can improve information service delivery to library users in Nigerian university libraries.Methodology – A survey research method was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised of 45 professional librarians from three university libraries. These are Delta State University Library, Abraka; Niger Delta University Library, Amasoma; and River State University of Technology library, Port Harcourt. The population of librarians in the three institutions was small. So, the whole population formed the sample size and was used for the study. A questionnaire was used to collect data for the study. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics.Findings – The study revealed that digital reference services offered in the university libraries include instructions, guidance, information and research assistance and consultation to library users. Social media like Facebook and Twitter, text-based chats, email correspondences, live chat and telephone communication are all channels through which digital reference services are delivered in the state university libraries studied. Effects of digital reference services on university libraries include increased patrons’ interactions, speed of service delivery to users and accessibility of information services. Challenges faced in the provision of digital reference services were low bandwidth in remote areas, hitches in downloading articles, slow Internet connection and insufficient support for reference librarians.Practical Implications – The findings will serve as a reference point for other university libraries considering offering digital reference service.Originality – This is an original research study. This study is the first of its kind in the study area
Hydraulic Performance of Untreated and Polymer-Treated Bentonite in Inorganic Landfill Leachates

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Short- and long-term exposure to inorganic solutions can cause significant degradation of the hydraulic properties of bentonite clay used in geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs). In particular, the increase in hydraulic conductivity due to cation exchange when Na-montmorillonite is subjected to leachates rich in Ca and Mg has caused problems in incinerator ash landfill liners located in wet environments, where large quantities of leachates are generated. Experimental results are presented to evaluate the immediate change in hydraulic conductivity of seven types of GCL clays upon permeation with leachate generated from three ash landfills. The composition of the ash, which is a by-product of the incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW), in turn influences the composition of the resulting leachate. Falling head permeability tests were performed on flexible-wall permeameter specimens, with back-pressure saturation. Chemical analysis shows that the three leachate products contain high, medium, and low concentration Ca and Mg cations. The clay component of GCL materials tested in this study consists of regular and polymer-treated bentonite. Polymer treatment is believed to render the clay non-reactive to many organic and inorganic chemicals. The results of this study indicate that: (1) polymer treatment is generally more beneficial if the clay is first saturated with water and not directly with the leachate; (2) high swell potential of the bentonite is more advantageous than polymer treatment, especially when low hydraulic conductivity is required in the short term and if the clay is pre-hydrated. Experiment setup and special specimen preparation procedures are also discussed.
The apparent specific volume of polymers in dilute solution

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Apparent specific volumes φ 2 of polymers in dilute solution (<5%) have been obtained with a magnetic float type densitometer for the following systems: polyvinyl acetate–chlorobenzene, polyisobutylene–benzene and –chlorobenzene, and polystyrene–chlorobenzene and –chloroform. Large variations of φ 2 with concentration in very dilute solution have been reported in the literature, but could not be detected; preliminary results did show a variation, but this was found to be a nonequilibrium effect. The difference between φ 2 and the specific volume of the pure polymeric liquid is found to be roughly proportional to the calorimetrically determined heat of mixing of polymer and solvent.
Pharmacological Activities and Characterization of Phenolic and Flavonoid Compounds in Methanolic Extract of Euphorbia cuneata Vahl Aerial Parts

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Euphorbia cuneata Vahl. (Euphorbiaceae) is a plant used in folk medicine for the treatment of pain and inflammation, although the biological basis for these effects has not been thoroughly investigated. The goal of this study was to investigate the pharmacological properties and characterization of phenolic and flavonoid compounds present in the aerial parts of E. cuneata. E. cuneata aerial parts were tested for antioxidant activity (DPPH), antibacterial activity, cell viability and cytotoxic effects, and anti-inflammatory activity. Phenolic and flavonoid contents (HPLC), and volatile constituents (GC-MS) were also characterized. The methanol extract had the highest antioxidant activity, while the ether extract had the lowest. The antioxidant activity of E. cuneata extract increased from (21.11%) at a concentration of 10 µg/mL to (95.53%) at a concentration of 1280 µg/mL. S. aureus was the most sensitive organism with the highest zone of inhibition and lowest MIC, with acetone extract; whereas C. tropicalis was the most resistant, with the lowest inhibition zone. MTT assay revealed that the methanol extract of E. cuneata had significant cytotoxic effects on the A549, Caco-2, and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, respectively. Lower concentrations of methanolic extract gave anti-inflammatory activity, and those effects were compared with indomethacin as a positive control. Pyrogallol was the most abundant phenolic acid, followed by caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic, syringic, and gallic acids, respectively. The 7-hydroxyflavone and rutin flavonoids were also found in the extract. GC-mass analysis showed that aerial parts of E. cuneata were rich in methyl 12-hydroxy-9-octadecenoate. The volatile components were also composed of considerable amounts of hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, (9E,12E)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyl chloride, and methyl octadeca-9,12-dienoate as well as a little amount of hexanal dimethyl acetal. It can be concluded that methanolic extract of E. cuneata could be used as an available source of natural bioactive constituents with consequent health benefits.