jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sex allocation within broods: the intrabrood sharing-out hypothesis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Selection is expected to cause parents to adjust the sex of their offspring when the environment is predictable during development, and it is expected to affect each sex differently. When several offspring compete for limited resources, the environmental conditions acting on the brood are not a good predictor of the conditions affecting individual offspring. There is evidence for some species that, regardless of any bias in brood sex ratio, the sex of individual offspring within a brood may be related to its position in the hatching/birth/weight rank, in ways that might correlate with the expected share of available resources. Here I propose that parents may be selected to adjust offspring sex within the brood, provided that some depreciable environmental quality is unequally distributed among siblings in a predictable manner. I call this the “intrabrood sharing-out” hypothesis and present a graphical model to derive predictions about the relationship between offspring sex and positions within the brood. The model considers that sibling competition not only produces differences in the mean share of resources among siblings, but it also increases the predictability of the share obtained by high-ranking sibs and decreases the predictability of the share for low-ranking ones. Consequently, parents should be selected to deal with such a distribution by promoting the conditions to make it more predictable and then adaptively adjust the sex of particular siblings, especially in high-ranking positions within the brood, rather than to modify the sex ratio of the brood as a whole.
Pediatric cardiomyopathy at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar in 2015-2017

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pendahuluan: Kardiomiopati merupakan kasus yang jarang terjadi pada anak dan tidak dipublikasikan dengan baik. Insiden kardiomiopati meningkat setiap tahunnya. Luaran pasien anak dengan kardiomiopati tergantung pada tipe dan jenis dari kardiomiopati. Manifestasi klinis kardiomiopati pada anak biasanya berbeda, dimana murmur tidak selalu muncul sebagai gejala dari kardiomiopati pada anak.Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendiskripsikan karakteristik dan luaran pasien anak dengan kardiomiopati di Rumah Sakit Sanglah Denpasar.Metode: Kami melakukan pencarian pasien anak dengan kardiomiopati yang menjalani pemeriksaan ekokardiografi di RumahÂ Sakit Sanglah Denpasar selama 2015-2017 secara retrospektif. Data dikumpulkan dari rekam medis dan buku catatan pasien.Hasil: Terdapat 25 pasien yang dimasukkan dalam penelitian ini yaitu 19 pasien dengan kardiomiopati dilatasi dan 6 pasien dengan kardiomiopati hipertrofi. Usia rata-rata pasien adalah 6,5 tahun dengan jenis kelamin yang lebih banyak adalah perempuan. Murmur ditemukan pada sebagian besar pasien. Delapan kasus tanpa penyakit yang mendasarinya (kardiomiopati primer). Sebagian besar dari mereka mengalami gagal tumbuh. Kesimpulan: Kardiomiopati paling sering terjadi pada anak di bawah 12 tahun dan berjenis kelamin perempuan. Kasus yang paling sering adalah kardiomiopati dilatasi tanpa penyakit yang mendasarinya. Â Introduction: Cardiomyopathy is relatively rare in children and it is not well publicized. The incidence of cardiomyopathy is increased annually. Outcome of pediatric patients with cardiomyopathy depends on the types and stages of the disease. Clinical manifestations of cardiomyopathy in children are usually different, where murmurs are not always present as symptoms of cardiomyopathy in children. Objective:Â This study aimed to describe characteristics and outcome of pediatric patients with cardiomyopathy at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar. Method: We retrospectively reviewed pediatric patients with cardiomyopathy who were performed echocardiography examinationÂ at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar during 2015-2017. Data were collected from medical records and patient registry.Result: There were 25 patients enrolled in this study which were 19 cases of dilated cardiomyopathy and 6 cases of hypertrophy cardiomyopathy. Mean of age was 6.5 years old with female predominantly. There were murmur in most of the patients. Eight cases were without underlying disease (primary cardiomyopathy). Most of them were failure to thrive. Conclusion: Cardiomyopathy was most commonly occured in children younger than 12 years old and female. The most common cases were dilated cardiomyopathy without underlying disease. Â Â
The complex structure of hsRosR-S5 (VNG0258H/RosR-S5)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Interactions between proteins and DNA are crucial for all biological systems. Many studies have shown the dependence of protein-DNA interactions on the surrounding salt concentration. How these interactions are maintained in the hypersaline environments that halophiles inhabit remains puzzling. Towards solving this enigma, we identified the DNA motif recognized by the Halobactrium salinarum ROS-dependent transcription factor (hsRosR), determined the structure of several hsRosR-DNA complexes and investigated the DNA-binding process under extreme high-salt conditions. The picture that emerges from this work contributes to our understanding of the principles underlying the interplay between electrostatic interactions and salt-mediated protein-DNA interactions in an ionic environment characterized by molar salt concentrations.
The Effect of Tiwari Onion (Eleutherine americana Merr) Tablet on Blood Pressure Stability in Diagnosed Hypertension Patients

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Non-pharmacological management is carried out by adjusting the lifestyle and non-pharmacological therapy for hypertension sufferers. They use herbal therapy, which is believed to have low side effects, easy, and inexpensive, such as Eleutherine americana Merr Tea. AIM: This study aimed to analyze Effect of E. americana Merr Tablet on blood pressure in hypertensive patients to be used as supportive therapy to reduce and stabilize blood pressure. METHODS: This study used a quasi-experimental research design pre-post-test with a control group design, involving 30 respondents. Data collection was carried out for 1 month. Then blood pressure observations were carried out every 1 week for a month after giving E. americana tablets. The sampling technique was purposive sampling method. The data analysis used was the Independent Sample T-Test with a significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS: The majority of respondents according to age were in the final elderly age range; 15 people (50%) were 56–65 years old. Most of the respondents involved were female, about 18 people (60%). The respondents’ hypertension category included hypertension Grade 1 (57%) and hypertension Grade II (43%). The independent sample t-test obtained p = systole was 0.029 and diastole was 0.000 (p < 0.005). It showed a significant difference in blood pressure before and after being given E. americana tablets in hypertensive patients. CONCLUSION: Significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with suspected hypertension who obtained E. americana tablets.
Supplemental material for 68Ga-somatostatin receptor analogs and 18F-FDG PET/CT in the localization of metastatic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas with germline mutations: a meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplemental material for 68Ga-somatostatin receptor analogs and 18F-FDG PET/CT in the localization of metastatic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas with germline mutations: a meta-analysis by Ying Kan, Shuxin Zhang, Wei Wang, Jie Liu, Jigang Yang and Zhenchang Wang in Acta Radiologica
Child health clincs and inverse care laws: evidence from longitudinal study of 1878 pre-school children.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In a longitudinal study it was intended that 1878 children should receive periodic developmental examinations from the age of 6 weeks to 3 years. The children were divided into those with a high or low risk of developmental problems. Although clinic attendance rate of 85-89% were achieved in the catchment area 100% coverage was difficult because of population mobility and non-attendance at clinics. Children in families who moved away from the area were more difficult to trace and thus more likely to miss developmental examinations. This was a greater problem in the high-risk group. Altogether 683 home developmental examinations were carried out on 269 children who did not attend clinics. Thirty-five per cent of these children were in the high-risk group compared with 22% in the study population, and significantly more had developmental problems. Thus one possible way of reaching and helping such children is though home developmental examinations.
Fatigue reliability predictions in vibrating structures under uncertainty

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work addresses the problem of predicting the reliability due to fatigue of MDOF structures subjected to uncertain random loading. Uncertainties in loading characteristics as well as in structural and degradation models are taken into consideration. Degradation due to crack growth is considered based on Paris equation. The prediction of stress range which is involved in Paris equation is rationally approximated by statistical measures of the stress response such as second moments and probability density functions of the stress range of the response. The proposed fatigue prediction method is used in optimal design of structures formulated in a multi-objective context that allows the simultaneous minimization of the objectives related to the weight of the structure and the lifetime due to stochastic fatigue of the structure. The features of the proposed methodologies are illustrated using a multi-degree-of-freedom hierarchical system involving multidimensional degradation states and subjected to stationary random excitation.
Coffee eradication and diversification of Brazilian agriculture

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Submitted by Jeanluiz Monteiro (jeanluiz.monteiro@ipea.gov.br) on 2017-05-03T16:29:10Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 1\nCOFFE ERADICATION AND DIVERSIFICATION OF BRAZILIAN AGRICULTURE.pdf: 23333563 bytes, checksum: d4149ccd5859a12e27993cec1b4382e8 (MD5)
Hydroxycarbamide treatment in children with Sickle Cell Anaemia is associated with more intact white matter integrity: a quantitative MRI study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is a devastating genetic blood disorder leading to chronic anaemia, impaired cerebrovascular dilatory capacity and cerebral infarctions. Our aim was to assess the relationship between microstructural properties of the white matter (WM) and both cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) and cerebral blood flow, as well as the effects of hydroxycarbamide on these relationships. Our results demonstrate that mean CVR was increased in hydroxycarbamide‐treated patients compared to untreated patients. Moreover, untreated SCA patients had increased skew and kurtosis of mean diffusivity histograms in the WM compared to hydroxycarbamide‐treated patients and healthy age‐matched controls, indicating disruption of WM integrity. Regression analysis of CVR and WM mean diffusivity (MD) revealed a significant linear relationship between CVR and MD histogram skew and kurtosis in healthy controls, but not in either of the two SCA groups. These findings suggest that patients treated with hydroxycarbamide possess white matter MD histogram parameters which more closely resemble those of healthy controls.
[Variability of the bioavailability of cyclosporine: benefit of the Neoral formulation].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

After oral administration of Sandimmun, the bioavailability of cyclosporin can vary substantially especially in view of its narrow therapeutic index. As a consequence, optimal exposure of patients to the drug is sometimes difficult to ensure. The new formulation of cyclosporin, Neoral, improves the absorption of the drug. This results in an increase in bioavailability, a lower dependency on food, bile or pancreatic enzymes and a markedly reduced intra- and inter-patient variability in pharmacokinetic parameters. This allows an easier adjustment of patient exposure. The clinical efficacy of Neoral is equivalent to, or even better than, that of Sandimmun. The tolerability of the two formulations is comparable.
Does rural outmigration affect investment in agriculture? Evidence from Ethiopia

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates impacts of rural outmigration on household spending in agriculture. Empirical data come from two rounds of panel surveys of households living in three major regions of Ethiopia. Accounting for potential endogeneity of outmigration and selection bias using a combination of a difference-in-difference (DID) model and an inverse-probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) approach, we find that, on average, rural outmigration has significantly increased probabilities of spending on herbicide and livestock by 10 and 20 percentage points, respectively. At the intensive margin, we also find outmigration has significantly increased the amount of household spending on herbicide and livestock by around 62% and 246%, respectively. However, our findings suggest differential impacts of outmigration based on age of the household head, especially on the likelihood of purchasing livestock.
Comparison of carbon storage under aerobic and anoxic conditions

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In various activated sludge systems, the biomass grows under transient (unbalanced) conditions and the storage response (formation of internal polymers as the fastest adaptation to the changing environment) becomes important. Till now the role of storage on population dynamics has been deeply investigated under anaerobic (EBPR processes) or aerobic (bulking control) conditions. Little attention has been given to processes including anoxic conditions even though in many of them storage phenomena are likely to occur (anoxic selectors, nitrogen removal processes with addition of an external source of readily biodegradable COD or with aerobic contact/anoxic stabilization). For these reasons, the aim of the present work was to investigate storage and succeeding use of stored products under anoxic and mixed (anoxic/aerobic) conditions. Batch experiments have shown that a mixed culture selected under aerobic conditions and intermittent feed (acetate-limited medium), was also able to take up acetate (90-100 mgCOD/gCOD h) and store it as PHB (35-40 mgCOD/gCOD h) under anoxic conditions. After acetate depletion, the stored PHB was used for growth and maintenance. The NUR on acetate in the presence of storage was 20 mgN/gVSS h (which corresponded to a COD removal of 6.9 mgCOD/mgN) while it dropped to 10-3 mgN/gVSS h in the "endogenous phase" when denitrification was on the stored PHB. The presence of aerobic conditions instead of anoxic ones had a major positive effect on the rate and yield of PHB storage while it had only a minor effect on the rate of PHB consumption. The latter observation can be explained by assuming that the hydrolysis of the stored product is the rate limiting step of the "endogenous" metabolism and that the hydrolysis rate is not highly dependent on aerobic-anoxic conditions. Cross-comparison of PHB storage and consumption under aerobic/anoxic conditions made it possible to determine that, in the particular mixed culture under investigation, all aerobic heterotrophs able to store were also able to denitrify. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Basic Data Processing of Gravitational Waves

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This paper provides a comprehensive guide to gravitational wave data processing, with a particular focus on signal generation, noise modeling, and optimization techniques. Beginning with an introduction to gravitational waves and the detection techniques used by LIGO and Virgo, the manual covers the essentials of signal processing, including Fourier analysis, filtering, and the generation of quadratic chirp signals. The analysis of colored Gaussian noise and its impact on interferometric detectors like LIGO is explored in detail, alongside signal detection methods such as the Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test (GLRT). The paper also delves into optimization techniques like Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), which can be applied to improve signal estimation accuracy. By providing MATLAB-based implementations, this manual serves as both a theoretical and practical resource for researchers in the field of gravitational wave astronomy.
Dynamic Instruction Set Coprocessors

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A review of existing computers would reveal very powerful bit slice engines for specialized purposes and slower machines for general purposes. Reduced Instruction Set Computers (RISC) take up the middle ground in performance between the two, providing increased performance over the general-purpose machines at the cost of increased compilation time in order to use wasted cycles. This paper addresses the design, applications, and advantages of the Dynamic Instruction Set Coprocessor (DISC). The DISC can be used to provide processing speeds of up to 750 Million Instructions Per Second (MIPS) with existing technologies and to speed up certain software applications by several orders of magnitude. A DISC is similar to a RISC in that compilation time may increase by an order of magnitude in order to save several orders of magnitude in execution time. Likewise, a DISC goes beyond the hardware performance offered by today's bit slice engines, and will probably always achieve this because of its improved architecture and fewer internal gate delays. DISCs can be readily implemented from a circuit card size up to a bread box size or larger and require only standard cooling and power requirements. Multiple DISCs may be arranged for either a single instruction multiple data or a multiple instruction multiple data coprocessor capable of operating at an effective rate of 20 billion instructions per second or higher. This paper presents three different examples dealing with DISCs--one in the digital signal processing area, one in general purpose computing and one in radar signal processing.
AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND HETEROSIS OF STRAWBERRY INBRED HYBRIDS OBTAINED BY TOP-CROSS MATING SYSTEM

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study was to develop an inbred lines from octoploid strawberry and to determine their breeding value by estimating the effects of general combining ability (GCA) and mid-parent heterosis. All inbred lines were obtained through selfing using five cultivars. The number of inflorescences, number of flowers per inflorescence, fruit yield, fruit number per plant, average fruit weight, number and weight of leaves as well as number of runners per plant were recorded from 2014 to 2015. The highest breeding value was estimated for maternal forms of ‘Senga Sengana’ 17 for six important traits. The lowest GCA effects were exhibited by inbred lines derived from clone 1387 18. Degree of heterosis for a given trait differed greatly among hybrids. The highest heterosis in terms of a number of inflorescences, fruit yield, number of fruits per plant and leaf weight occurred in the Kent 7-14 × ‘Dukat’ progeny. The results obtained could be used to evaluate the agronomic performance and to make more efficient choices of parents in current strawberry breeding programs.
Quantitative Analysis of the Effect of Geo-resources to Attract Travelers in Oki islands: Travelers Segments Identified by Latent Class Analysis and Its Characteristics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The increase in travelers by utilizing Geo-resources is expected in regions promoting Global Geopark activities. In order to increase the travelers attracted by Geo-resources, approaches to tourists based on marketing management are required. However, there has been no studies that quantitatively verified the effect of Geo-resources to attract the travelers and identified the multifaceted characteristics of the travelers attracted by Geo-resources. The purposes of this study are the following. The first purpose is to divide the traveler visiting to Geo-region into some segments by applying the latent class analysis to the data concerning pull factors and then to confirm existence of the traveler segment which includes Geo-resources as a pull factor (Geo-resources segment). The second purpose is to clarify the characteristics of the Geo-resources segment and then to provide the marketing strategy which makes the Geo-resources segment a target. For these purposes, Oki islands are set as an analysis object and the questionnaire survey of the travelers visiting to Oki islands has been conducted. Applying latent class analysis to classification of Oki islands travelers, six traveler segments have been extracted. By observing the main pull factors which take high conditional probability, it is shown that these segments are characterized as “no pull factor”, “nature”, “nature and Geo-resources”, “atmosphere of Island”, “standard” and “standard and Geo-resources”. Since the Geo-resources segments are observed in this result, it is cleared that Geo-resources have the effect to attract the travelers. The differences in socioeconomic attributes, expectations, consciousness and evaluation between the Geo-resources segment and the others segments have been analyzed by using chi-square test or t test. From these results, it is revealed that “nature and Geo-resources” segment is mainly characterized by “beginner”, “someone perceiving Oki as general”, in contrast, “standard and Geo-resources” segment is mainly characterized by “the lover of nature, touring and islands”, “someone perceiving Oki as special”. In addition, marketing strategies fitted to the characteristics of each Geo-resources segment have been proposed.
RoadSense3D: A Framework for Roadside Monocular 3D Object Detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Utilizing monocular cameras for 3D object understanding is widely recognized as a cost-effective approach, spanning applications such as autonomous driving, augmented/virtual reality or roadside monitoring. Despite recent progress, persistent challenges arise in creating generalized models adaptable to unforeseen scenarios and diverse camera configurations. In this work, we focus on the task of monocular 3D object detection within roadside environments. To begin, we introduce a versatile methodology for generating and labeling datasets tailored to roadside scenarios, addressing limitations encountered in real-world settings. Subsequently, we develop an array of deep learning models tailored to this task, refining them to address practical challenges that emerge during real-world application. Lastly, leveraging our framework, we curated a synthetic benchmark dataset comprising 1,415,680 frames and 8,902,636 labeled 3D objects, ultimately assessing the performance of existing models across all datasets.
Linear Voting Rules

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

How should a society choose between two social alternatives if participation in the decision process is voluntary and costly, and monetary transfers are not feasible? Assuming symmetric independent private values, we show that it is utilitarian‐optimal to use a linear voting rule: votes get alternative‐dependent weights, and a default obtains if the weighted sum of votes stays below some threshold. Any combination of weights and threshold can be optimal. A standard quorum rule can be optimal only when it yields the same outcome as a linear rule. A linear rule is called upper linear if the default is upset at every election result that meets the threshold exactly. We develop a perturbation method to characterize equilibria of voting rules in the case of small participation costs and show that leaving participation voluntary increases welfare for any two‐sided upper linear rule that is optimal under compulsory participation.