jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Re-Examination of Neuropsychological Functioning in Persian Gulf War Era Veterans

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract : Existing data from our group suggest that Gulf War (GW) veterans score worse on a specific group of neuropsychological tests than GW-era veterans not deployed to the Gulf. These findings raise the possibility of subtle, subclinical central nervous system (CNS) damage associated with Gulf deployment. A critical question is whether these findings may be attributable to exposure to neurotoxicants in the Gulf environment. Recently some PGW%1 veterans have reported that their cognitive functioning has been worsening over the time since their return from the Gulf. This report is at odds with the usual course of CNS effects of intoxication, which generally remit or remain static in the absence of exposure. The reports of declining cognition raise the issue of exposure to toxicants that might produce a progressive condition versus the existence of other conditions that might affect cognition in individuals who are experiencing progressive functional declines. The specific aims of the project are: 1) to determine whether objective test measures reveal progressive diminution in cognitive function by comparing test performance observed initially (1995-1998) to performance 4 years (+/- 6 months) later and 2) to identify the factors associated with any cognitive diminution including chemical exposures, stress, or psychiatric disorders.
Biogeochemistry of calcium and strontium in the landscapes of eastern Transbaikalia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper reports data on the contents and ratios of Ca and Sr in the soils, waters, and plants of eastern Transbaikalia and the Baikal region. The contents of Ca in the soils, waters, and plants of endemic areas affected by Urov disease approach those in objects from control areas. The contents of Sr in the soil–plant complex of the Urov biogeochemical province are relatively high and show spotted distribution, which is related to the landscape-geochemical characteristics of the region. It was found that the Ca/Sr values in the soils of a number of areas unaffected by Urov disease of animals and humans fall mainly within 11–236 (53 ± 24 on average). In the soils of endemic regions in eastern Transbaikalia, Ca/Sr ranges from 2 to 98 (36 ± 11 on average). The hay crop of meadow plants show Sr contents of 72.8 ± 31.6 mg/kg (endemic region) and 36.6 ± 15.7 mg/kg (control areas) and Ca/Sr values of 250 ± 115 and 525 ± 382, respectively. The elevated Sr content in the soils and plants of the endemic region is considered as a factor of ecological risk.
Explainable Detection of Depression in Social Media Contents Using Natural Language Processing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper an explainable deep learning approach using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks to detect depression from social media posts. The model classifies text into depression or control categories by capturing linguistic patterns and sequential dependencies. An attention mechanism is integrated to enhance interpretability, highlighting key features influencing predictions. Evaluated on a public mental health dataset, the model shows high accuracy and transparency, offering a scalable solution for early depression detection and supporting timely mental health interventions.
Solar Resources by Class and Country

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

these estimates are derived from the best available solar resource data available to nrel resources are organized by class and country resolution varies spatially from 1 km to 1 degree approximately 100 km depending on the data source high spatial resolution datasets 1 km to 40 km cells were modeled to support country or regional projects where high resolution datasets were not available data from nasa s surface meteorology and solar energy sse version 6 database were used the data represent total potential solar energy per year as a function of land area per solar class kwh m day each solar class correlates to a specific 0 5 kwh m day range energy is calculated by multiplying the productive land by the class conversion efficiency and number of days per year in this case a standard calendar year of 365 days was used the conversion efficiency rate applied was 10 e productive land kwh m day 365 days 10 efficiency the solar data has been derived from solar data measured or modeled between 1961 and 2008 depending on the dataset
Growth of Hypericum perforatum under Moroccan (North African) climatic and soil characteristics

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study investigated the morphological response of planted Hypericum perforatum to pedology and climatic conditions in Morocco. In total, 50 fragments detached from the mother stump of H. perforatum were purchased from France and planted in the botanical garden in Meknes 2021–2022. The monitored climatic conditions were temperature (Average (AVT), Minimal (MNT), Maximal (MT), precipitations (PR), and humidity (HD), while the pedology parameters were pH, MO, K, P, MgO, Na2O, and N. We evaluated the effect of the plant on the microbiology around the roots. The effects of these parameters were tested on the biological parameters, including Diameter of principal stem (DPS), Length of principal stem (LPS), Number of secondary stems (NSS), leaves per plant (NL), and flowers (NF) of H. perforatum during growth. During flowering, LPS and NF were significantly superior in 2022 (67.84 ± 15.91 cm and 300 ± 0.00) compared to 2021 (147.8 ± 8.79 cm and 100.00 ± 0.00). During the vegetative stage, the NSS, NL, and DPS were superior (p < 0.05) in 2022 (10.2 ± 2.59 cm, 78 ± 8.86, and 1.48 ± 0.37 cm, respectively) compared to 2021 (7.20 ± 1.30 cm, 61.20 ± 8.53, 0.92 ± 0.53 cm, respectively). In 2021, vegetative stage was in April, while flowering was in June. In 2022, the vegetative stage was in April, while flowering was in May. In 2021, the pH and OM were similar between T0 (8.08 and 4.66 %) and TF (7.96 and 4.46 %) stages, while K, P, and N were significantly decreased in TF (340.8 mg/kg, 52.81 mg/kg, and 0.229 %) compared to T0 (369.6 mg/kg, 56.7 mg/kg, and 0.26 %). During TF of 2022, the pH, N, and OM were similar compared to flowering of 2021, while K, and P were decreased in flowering of 2022 compared to flowering of 2021, while conductivity was increased during flowering of 2022. In contrast, K, MgO, and Na2O decreased from 2021 to 2022. The fungi and bacteria decreased from 2021 to 2022. In contrast, the density of actinomycetes increased from planting to flowering. Despite the importance of this study, more investigations are needed to confirm the obtained findings and to clarify the effects of cultivation conditions on the phytochemicals of the plant.
Insamlingsprogram – grunden för planmässiga samlingar

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

On the necessity of programmes for collecting in museumsAfter describing the unsystematic and haphazard way in which museum collections in Finland have been brought together, the paper goes on to review ideas about collecting practices (Pearce, Jeudy, Fromm). It then discusses both the responsibility and possibility of introducing a systematic collecting programme in museums.
How to assess technological developments in basic research?

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In an era of ever faster and more momentous technological development, both technology assessment and transdisciplinary interventions are in danger of structurally lagging behind the speed of innovation. This paper proposes a new tiered approach to technology assessment at low Technology Readiness Levels that enables a both rapid and concerted interdisciplinary science response to this Great Acceleration. Covering sustainability, ethics, and consumer issues, this approach encourages and enables the innovators themselves to conduct assessments embedded in the innovation process as early as possible. Suitable tools for early engagement that help facilitate development-integrated assessments are introduced and described. The design and use of these instruments in the field of basic research is illustrated using the Cluster of Excellence livMatS as an example.
The Differential Diffusion Coefficients of Magnesium and Barium Chlorides in Dilute Aqueous Solutions at 25°

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The differential diffusion coefficients of magnesium and barium chlorides at concentrations between 0.0005 and 0.006 M at 25° in water have been determined by the conductometric method. Additionally, in accord with similar results for strontium chloride, the values of these diffusion coefficients agree well with those predicted by the equations of the Nernst-Onsager and Fuoss theory.
A computational model of dopaminergic modulation of hippocampal Schaffer collateral-CA1 long-term plasticity.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Dopamine plays a critical role in modulating the long-term synaptic plasticity of the hippocampal Schaffer collateral-CA1 pyramidal neuron synapses (SC-CA1), a widely accepted cellular model of learning and memory. Limited results from hippocampal slice experiments over the last four decades have shown that the timing of the activation of dopamine D1/D5 receptors relative to a high/low-frequency stimulation (HFS/LFS) in SC-CA1 synapses regulates the modulation of HFS/LFS-induced long-term potentiation/depression (LTP/LTD) in these synapses. However, the existing literature lacks a complete picture of how various concentrations of D1/D5 agonists and the relative timing between the activation of D1/D5 receptors and LTP/LTD induction by HFS/LFS, affect the spatiotemporal modulation of SC-CA1 synaptic dynamics. In this paper, we have developed a computational model, a first of its kind, to make quantitative predictions of the temporal dose-dependent modulation of the HFS/LFS induced LTP/LTD in SC-CA1 synapses by various D1/D5 agonists. Our model combines the biochemical effects with the electrical effects at the electrophysiological level. We have estimated the model parameters from the published electrophysiological data, available from diverse hippocampal CA1 slice experiments, in a Bayesian framework. Our modeling results demonstrate the capability of our model in making quantitative predictions of the available experimental results under diverse HFS/LFS protocols. The predictions from our model show a strong nonlinear dependency of the modulated LTP/LTD by D1/D5 agonists on the relative timing between the activated D1/D5 receptors and the HFS/LFS protocol and the applied concentration of D1/D5 agonists.
Social Support and Sleep. Longitudinal Relationships from the WOLF-Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: To investigate the relationship between two social support dimensions (network and emotional support) and sleep quality and between two social support sources (at and outside work) and sleep quality. Methods: The three-wave prospective Work Lipids and Fibrinogen (WOLF) study from Northern Sweden was used including 2420 participants who had filled out a questionnaire on working life, life style and health. Sleep quality was assessed by the Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire (KSQ). Structure and function of social support were measured as network support both at and outside work by Availability of Social Integration (AVSI) and emotional support both at and outside work by Availability of Attachment (AVAT). Logistic regression was used, utilizing variables created to assess development over time. Moreover, reversed causation was tested. Results: Improved network support at work decreased the risk of disturbed sleep (OR .65; 95% CI .47 - .90) as did improved emotional support outside work (OR .69; 95% CI .49 - .96). Reporting a constant poor network support at work increased the risk of disturbed sleep (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.10 - 2.11) as did reporting a constant poor emotional support outside work (OR 1.46; 95% CI 1.02 - 2.05). In men constant good network at work decreased the risk of disturbed sleep (OR .49, 95% CI .34 - .71). Reversed causation analyses indicate some bi-directionality. Conclusion: Being able to perceive social support is a human strength promoting sleep. Both dimension (structure and function) and source (at and outside work) of support matters in sleep quality and seem to be related since the structural dimension was more likely to affect sleep when derived from work, whereas the functional dimension affected sleep quality if it was provided outside work. Men’s sleep seems to be more sensitive to network support at work. Disturbed sleep may also alter the perception of social support.
Botulinum Toxin in the Treatment of Cervical Dystonia: Evidence-Based Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cervical dystonia is the most common form of dystonia encountered in a movement disorders clinic. Botulinum toxin has been a long-established first line therapy. Several studies, including nearly two dozen randomized clinical trials, have shown that botulinum toxin is safe and effective in reducing the clinical severity of cervical dystonia. Longitudinal data have demonstrated decades of sustained benefit and safety. Although there is a potential for the development of botulinum toxin immunoresistance, this is quite rare, and partly determined by frequency of administration, cumulative dosage, and properties of the injected product. When immunoresistance does occur, switching to an alternative type of botulinum toxin (e.g., from type A to type B) usually restores the efficacy. In this evidence-based review we highlight the results of published double blind, placebo-controlled studies. We also briefly discuss injection techniques and some unmet needs, such as the development of practical assays to detect immunoresistance and longer-acting formulations of botulinum toxin.
Baryon impact on weak lensing peaks and power spectrum: Low-bias statistics and self-calibration in future surveys

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Peaks in two-dimensional weak lensing (WL) maps contain significant\ncosmological information, complementary to the WL power spectrum. This has\nrecently been demonstrated using N-body simulations which neglect baryonic\neffects. Here we employ ray-tracing N-body simulations in which we manually\nsteepen the density profile of each dark matter halo, mimicking the cooling and\nconcentration of baryons into dark matter potential wells. We find, in\nagreement with previous works, that this causes a significant increase in the\namplitude of the WL power spectrum on small scales (spherical harmonic index\nl>1,000). We then study the impact of the halo concentration increase on the\npeak counts, and find the following. (i) Low peaks (with convergence 0.02 <\nkappa_peak < 0.08), remain nearly unaffected. These peaks are created by a\nconstellation of several halos with low masses (10^12-10^13 M_sun) and large\nangular offsets from the peak center (> 0.5 R_vir); as a result, they are\ninsensitive to the central halo density profiles. These peaks contain most of\nthe cosmological information, and thus provide an unusually sensitive and\nunbiased probe. (ii) The number of high peaks (with convergence kappa_peak >\n0.08) is increased. However, when the baryon effects are neglected in\ncosmological parameter estimation, then the high peaks lead to a modest bias,\ncomparable to that from the power spectrum on relatively large-scales (l<2000),\nand much smaller than the bias from the power spectrum on smaller scales\n(l>2,000). (iii) In the 3D parameter space (sigma_8, Omega_m, w), the biases\nfrom the high peaks and the power spectra are in different directions. This\nsuggests the possibility of "self-calibration": the combination of peak counts\nand power spectrum can simultaneously constrain baryonic physics and\ncosmological parameters.\n
After the Breakup

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract This study investigates the divorce experiences of 21 men and women in order to understand (a) the perceived connections between divorce and participants' post— divorce thinking about intimate relationships, and (b) changes sought in post-divorce relationships. Sensitizing concepts from social constructionism, attribution and attachment theories guided this study. Qualitative analysis revealed that attributed causes of marital termination were linked to characteristics sought in current relationships. Changes sought included greater equality within relationships, more expressive communication, and improved conflict resolution skills. The divorce experience appears to provide a catalyst for personal growth, but is also linked to greater insecurity in relationships. Gendered differences in the interpretive process also emerged from the data.
Separating and Purifying Polysaccharides from Root of Cherokee Rose and its in vivo Effect of Antitumor Activity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective:To separate and purify polysaccharides from root of Cherokee Rose(Jinyinggen,JYG) in Chinese,and investigate its antitumor activity in vivo.Method:Water extracting and ethanol precipitating methods were applied to extract polysaccharide from root of Cherokee Rose.Sevage method was used to remove protein,and macro porous resin absorption was used for decolorization.Mice tumor model was established with transplantion of S180 solid tumor or ascites tumor.And the S180-ascites mice were divided into four groups:control(NS),JYG-Low,medium,high(50,100,200 mg.kg-1).For the mice model with transplanted S180 solid tumor,the mice were divided into eight groups:control(NS),5-Fu(20 mg.kg-1),JYG-Low,medium,high(50,100,200 mg.kg-1),JYG-Low,medium,high(50,100,200 mg.kg-1) +5-Fu(20 mg.kg-1).Intraperitoneal injection was used to be the major route of administration.The effects of different groups on the inhibitory rate,the proliferation rate,WBC,thymus index(TI) and spleen index(SI) were observed after the mice were sarcrified.Result:The sugar content of JYG polysaccharides was 85.43%.The life-prolonging rates of JYG polysaccharides(low,medium,high) were 3.07% ± 2.35%,10.11% ± 4.32%,34.3% ± 8.31% respectively.There was only significant differences between high dose group and control group.The antitumor effect of JYG polysaccharides-low,meddian,high doses combinated with 5-Fu were superior to 5-Fu,the inhibitory rate were 62.74% ± 4.35%,67.92% ± 3.24%,78.79% ± 6.23% respectively.Compared with 5-Fu alone,the drug combination could increase WBC count,TI,SI and the IL-2 level,but had no effect on TNF-α.Conclusion:The single use of JYG polysaccharides was not effect to inhibit the growth of S180 tumor,but the combination of JYG polysaccharide with 5-Fu had a coordinated effect with better efficacy and lower toxicity.
ESBL-ProducingSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhi in Traveler Returning from Guatemala to Spain

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report a case of typhoid fever in a traveler returning to Spain from Guatemala that was caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi which produced an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL). This finding demonstrates the presence of ESBL-producing S. enterica ser. Typhi strains in the Americas. Enhanced surveillance is necessary to prevent further spread.
Inversion of Hydraulic Conductivity from Induced Polarisation, Part B: Field Examples from Five Countries

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The knowledge about the hydraulic conductivity of the subsurface is crucial to know as it is a main parameter for groundwater flow characterization within an aquifer. The geophysical method time-domain Induced Polarisation has been shown to be useful for estimating the hydraulic conductivity. By using a new inversion approach, where we directly invert for hydraulic properties as inversion parameters, the estimation of the hydraulic conductivity can be improved. We have measured at several test sites across five European countries, all characterized by unconsolidated sediments, but with differences in terms of the water electrical conductivity. In particular, at the Zeeland site in the Netherlands, a strong gradient in the water electrical conductivity is present since a freshwater lens is overlaying the sea water. A very good agreement between the hydraulic conductivity values from the inversion with the present hydraulic model can be observed, despite of the high water electrical conductivity, which makes it challenging to identify the clay layers at the site. Similar results were achieved for the other tests sites. Therewith, this new methodology might open the way for reliable, cost-effective geophysical estimation of hydraulic conductivity in the field.
Heat transfer at the convex fluid-solid interface

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Interfacial heat transfer across curved surfaces has not been understood sufficiently well. The present study reports a significant decrease in heat transfer at a convex fluid-solid interface. Effects of curvature on the Kapitza length and the thermal accommodation coefficient are investigated for both gas and liquid phases to understand the occurrence of large temperature jumps. The study also examines the penetration depth of non-equilibrium effects into gas from the convex surface theoretically and reveals the expansion of the Knudsen layer at convex surfaces.
Pregnancy loss and antiphospholipid antibodies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

With the use of low-dose heparin, fetal survival of aPL pregnancies is 70-80%, but prematurity and intrauterine growth restriction are common. It is likely, but not proven, that dysregulated placental coagulation and resultant vasculopathy are the cause of fetal loss. Details of dysregulated coagulation remain to be described. Opportunities remain to determine the role of coagulopathy in repeated pregnancy loss, identify a critical event or window to which intervention might be directed, identify maternal (and fetal) characteristics other than aPL that determine fetal loss, describe toxicity profiles of current treatments, develop more specific, less toxic therapies, and describe long-term fetal and maternal outcomes.
Nonenzymatic Browning of Amorphous Maltose/Whey Protein Isolates Matrix: Effects of Water Sorption and Molecular Mobility

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Nonenzymatic browning (NEB) reactions often affect the nutritional quality and safety properties of amorphous food solids. Developing a proper approach to control the NEB reaction has been of particular interest in the food industry. An NEB reaction in an amorphous maltose/Whey protein isolates (WPI) matrix containing L-lysine and D-xylose as reactants were studied at ambient temperatures aw ≤ 0.44 and 45~65 °C. The results indicated that the presence of NEB reactants barely disturbed the water sorption behavior of the matrix. The Guggenheim–Anderson–de Boer (GAB) constants and Qst values of the studied samples were affected by storage conditions as the migration of sorbed water among monolayers occurred. The rate of color changes and 5-hydoxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) accumulation on the matrix were accelerated at high ambient temperatures aw, reflecting the extent of NEB reaction increases. Since the strength concept (S) could give a measure of molecular mobility, the extent of the NEB reaction was governed by the molecular mobility of the matrix as the activation energy (Ea) of 5-HMF production minimized at solids with high S values. We found that the S concept had a considerable potential usage in controlling the NEB reaction on amorphous sugar–protein solids. This data set has practical significance in the comprehensive understanding of manipulating the diffusion-limited chemical reactions on low-moisture food solids.