jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Antibodies against alpha‐synuclein: tools and therapies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Synucleinopathies including Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy are characterized by the abnormal accumulation and propagation of α‐synuclein (α‐syn) pathology in the central and peripheral nervous system as Lewy bodies or glial cytoplasmic inclusions. Several antibodies against α‐syn have been developed since it was first detected as the major component of Lewy bodies and glial cytoplasmic inclusions. Over the years, researchers have generated specific antibodies that alleviate the accumulation of intracellular aggregated α‐syn and associated pathology in cellular and preclinical models of synucleinopathies. So far, antibodies have been the first choice as tools for research and diagnosis and currently, a wide variety of antibody fragments have been developed as an alternative to full‐length antibodies for increasing its therapeutic usefulness. Recently, conformation specific antibody‐based approaches have been found to be promising as therapeutic strategies, both to block α‐syn aggregation and ameliorate the resultant cytotoxicity, and as diagnostic tools. In this review, we summarize different α‐syn specific antibodies and provide their usefulness in tackling synucleinopathies. image This article is part of the Special Issue “Synuclein”.
On input-to-state stabilizability of semilinear control systems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we investigate the robustness of state feedback stabilized semilinear control systems subject to inhomogeneous perturbations in terms of input-to-state stability. In particular we are interested in the robustness of an optimal control based exponentially stabilizing discontinuous sampled discrete feedback, which is known to exist whenever the system under consideration is asymptotically null controllable. For this purpose we introduce a robustness condition that will turn out to be equivalent to a suitable input-to-state stability formulation. Validating this condition for the optimal control based feedback using a suitable Lyapunov function we obtain an equivalence between (open loop) asymptotic null controllability and robust input-to-state (state feedback) stabilizability.
Effective Use of Genomics in Commercial Dairy Farms

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Genomic selection refers to selection decisions based on genomic-estimated breeding values. These genomic breeding values are calculated using genetic markers across the entire genome. This technology has revolutionized dairy cattle breeding globally. This new 4-page fact sheet discusses the effects of genomics on dairy sire selection. Written by Francisco Peñagaricano, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Animal Sciences, February 2018. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/an340
TÜRKİYE’DE PETROL TÜKETİMİ VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ARASINDAKİ NEDENSELLİK İLİŞKİSİ

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Energy is one of the most important main inputs for the promoting economic growth. Most of the energy needed by the countries is mostly supplied by the sources called fossil fuel. For this reason, numbers of studies examine the linear relationship between the oil consumption and economic growth. The direction of the causality found in these studies guides the countries in their economic policies. This study attempts to empirically examine the short and the long run relationship between oil consumption and the reel gross domestic production (GDP) in the case of Turkey using the time series data for the period 1971-2013. Granger causality and Johansen cointegration test are used in order to analyze the relationship between these variables. The empirical results suggest that oil consumption and GDP are not cointegrated and there is no evidence of causality between these two variables. The main conclusion of this study is that the neutrality hypothesis is prevail for Turkey
Determination of Uncombined Lime in Portland Cement

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Uncombined Lime in Portland CementWm. Lerch and R. H. BogueCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1926, 18, 7, 739–743Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1926Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1926https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50199a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50199a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views138Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Assessing the chemical composition of natural water using analytical chemistry techniques. a case study in the Orhei district, Republic of Moldova

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This study is primarily focused on evaluating the chemical composition of natural water in the locality of Cișmea, situated in the Orhei district, at the coordinates 47°24’56.0"N 28°45’05.9"E. The study includes an ad-hoc analysis of two types of water: surface water and underground water. General parameters were evaluated, such as pH, conductivity, hardness, chloride and sulphate content, as well as the content of certain chemical elements. The study results highlights significant deviations from the maximum admissible concentrations (MAC) for a series of indicators, such as As, Pb, Cd, Na, and B. The determined concentrations of these elements exceed the limits allowed by the legislation of Republic of Moldova and European Union: for As by 1.7–1.9 times; Cd by 3.4–3.5 times; Pb by 1.2–2.3 times; Na by 1.2–4.0 times and B by 1.6–3.3 times. Deviations of conductivity and sulphate parameters indicate the presence of a high level of dissolved solids in the groundwater of the locality’s wells and springs. The study also signalled the presence of significant concentrations of some heavy elements, such as Ba, Tl and Bi, which are not regulated by current legislation.
On the Commonly-Used Incorrect Visual Representation of Accuracy and Precision

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

We performed a Google image search using the search phrase 'accuracy and precision' and, after removing unresponsive and duplicate web pages from the search results, found that 78 of the top 100 results use the bullseye chart to visually explain this concept. Unfortunately, we also found that 52 of those 78 results, i.e., an incredible two thirds, use a visual similar to what is shown in Fig. 1(i) or Fig. 1(ii), both of which are at best highly misleading and factually incorrect according to relevant standards and guidelines. In this figure, the black dots represent the values obtained by replicated measurements of the same measurand (the quantity intended to be measured), and the visual aims to present how close the measured values are to each other and to an agreed-upon reference value, represented by the red bullseye. In the search results, visuals similar to Fig. 1(i) and Fig. 1(ii) appeared 25 and 27 times, respectively. In the top 20 search results, which is where the great majority of users look for answers, the earliest correct visual appeared only at position 11, followed by 13, 15, and 19 in the rankings. The great majority of the 52 incorrect visuals were in non-peer-reviewed documents, reinforcing the notion that one should not believe everything one sees on the internet, although shockingly, a few were in papers published in peer-reviewed scientific venues, including one in Elsevier's Journal of Clinical Epidemiology and another one in the SCMR's Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, both well-cited journals. The actual numbers are probably higher, as many scientific articles are behind pay-walls and inaccessible to Google search.
Ambivalent White Racial Consciousness: Examining Intersectional Reflection and Complexity in Practitioner Graduate Training

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Ambivalent white racial consciousness describes a push towards awareness about racial privilege and a simultaneous pull back from this knowledge into a more comfortable stance of denial. Twenty-nine White community members and undergraduate students participated in focus group discussions on race. Results indicated that participants expressed ambivalent racial consciousness when they talked about: what it means to be White, their non-racial identities, oppression, attributions for racial inequality, and interracial interactions. Deconstructing ambivalent white racial consciousness can help trainers identify points of intervention for White graduate student practitioners to critically reflect on the intersections between white racial identity and systemic oppression.
A critique of the needs-based funding model in public schools: principals and their experiences of funding

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Australia’s approach to school funding has long been underwritten by ‘the concept of need’, both as an empirical measure and theoretical concept, evident in major government reviews of funding, instrumentalised in central agreements, and it continues to be a core component of Australia’s funding policy architecture. Taking this as its central focus, this paper critiques Australia’s ‘needs-based’ school funding model, drawing on survey data and interviews with principals from public schools in Australia, to examine principals’ day-to-day experiences of ‘needs-based funding’, arguing that systemic under-funding marginalises public schools and their leaders. Amidst a national teacher shortage and the high cost of emergency relief teachers, the principals did not describe public school funding as needs-based, responsive to context, or flexible. In contrast, the majority of interviewed principals experienced funding as punitive, extractive and disempowering. Principals reported challenges in funding student wellbeing programs and school infrastructure. However, I suggest that the interviewed principals simultaneously engaged in forms of resistance to crisis narratives of public schools that tend to buttress systemic under-funding, emphasising that the budgetary challenges they experienced increased their school’s aptitude and resilience.
Motivational Interviewing: A Positive Approach

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

How do we encourage our patients to give up smoking, drink less alcohol and engage in healthy activities that would enhance and possibly lengthen their lives? Health promotion and explaining risk are part of the GP's everyday job but it is a skill that could be improved. One suggestion for improving health promotion by GPs is that a motivational interviewing (MI) approach could be used. This article aims to describe the MI method and its practical relevance to primary care practitioners in dealing with common patient concerns.
Abstract 001: Quantity and Variety in Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Epidemiological data have consistently documented a protective effect of fruit and vegetable intake on risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Consequently, dietary guidelines recommend increasing fruit and vegetable intake and, most recently, have also suggested increasing variety. Our objective was to examine the independent roles of quantity and variety in fruit and vegetable intake in relation to incident CHD. We prospectively observed 71,157 women from the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS, 1984-2008) and 39,752 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS, 1986-2008) who were free of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer at baseline. We documented 2585 incident CHD cases in women during 24 years of follow-up and 3408 cases in men during 22 years of follow-up. Diet was assessed using a standardized and validated questionnaire and updated every 4 years. Variety was defined as the number of unique fruits and vegetables consumed at least once per week. To account for minor differences in the number of fruit and vegetable items administered at each follow-up cycle, we standardized our variety score to 30 (11 for fruit score and 19 for vegetable score). Potatoes, soy, or other legumes were not included in our analyses. Because the AHA does not consider fruit juice to be equivalent to whole fruit, fruit juice was also not included in our analyses. Quantity (servings/day) and variety in fruit and vegetable intake were correlated (r=0.68, P<0.0001). We, therefore, regressed variety on quantity to assess their independent effects on CHD risk. In multivariable analyses, after adjusting for dietary and non-dietary covariates, those in the highest fifth of fruit and vegetable intake (median intake=7.80 servings/day) had a 13% lower risk (95% CI, 0.79 to 0.95) of CHD compared to those in the lowest fifth (median intake=2.14 servings/day). Conversely, quantity-adjusted variety was not associated with CHD risk (RR for highest fifth compared to lowest fifth=1.04, 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.19). Further, within each category of quantity, higher variety was not associated with CHD risk. Our data suggest that absolute quantity, rather than variety, in fruit and vegetable intake is associated with a significantly lower risk of CHD. Future work should examine the role of variety in reducing biological markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Meanwhile, policy efforts should continue to focus on increasing overall fruit and vegetable intake.
Specific binding of vasoactive intestinal peptide to human circulating mononuclear cells

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The interaction of the neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal peptide with human circulating mononuclear cells has been studied. Mononuclear cells were able to bind radiolabelled vasoactive intestinal peptide; the binding was rapid, reversible, saturable, and specific for vasoactive intestinal peptide. A fragment of vasoactive intestinal peptide (10–28) was 25-fold less effective than intact peptide as a competitor for the binding of the tracer. Secretin was 100-fold less effective as a competitor and glucagon competed poorly even at concentrations 10 000 times greater than that of the tracer molecule. In tracer dilution studies, the binding suggested a single class of binding sites with an apparent dissociation constant (K d ) of 2.4 × 10 −10 M and a capacity of 2 000 sites per cell. In the presence of vasoactive intestinal peptide, there was a dose-dependent augmentation of cyclic AMP in the mononuclear cells. The concentration of vasoactive intestinal peptide which produced a half-maximal effect was the same as the K d for the peptide binding. We conclude that mononuclear cells have specific high-affinity binding sites for vasoactive intestinal peptide. Interactions between mononuclear cells and vasoactive intestinal peptide may be an important mechanism modulating local immune responses within tissues innervated by vasoactive intestinal peptide containing neurons.
Temperature-engineered growth of low-threshold lasers on nonplanar substrates

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The temperature engineered growth (TEG) technique for the single step fabrication of buried heterostructure lasers is reviewed. GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well lasers and strained InGaAs/GaAs quantum well lasers have been fabricated with threshold current of 2 mA and 3 mA for the GaAs and InGaAs systems, respectively. We show that the use of strained quantum wells resulted in better collection of carriers and higher external quantum efficiency (88%). The growth of strained InGaAs/GaAs lasers integrated with Bragg reflectors utilizing the TEG technique is shown to be a promising technique for obtaining low threshold current surface emitting lasers incorporating a folded cavity.
My first and best role model

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

As final year medical students, we had an obligatory two weeks’ rotation in the hospital’s dermatology department. Although we could appreciate how common, important, and revealing skin problems were, dermatology was way off the mainstream for us.

Our young American dermatology instructor beckoned me at the end of one morning session. “What does a handsome young man like you need those for?” were his exact words, indicating two moles that I had on my face. He undertook to remove them for me, explaining that this could be easily done …
Losses of Dissolved CO2 Through the Cork Stopper during Champagne Aging: Toward a Multiparameter Modeling

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Measurements of dissolved CO(2) concentrations from Champagne bottles initially holding the same CO(2) level after having been elaborated (close to 11.5 g L(-1)), but having experienced different periods of aging after having been corked with natural cork stoppers, were done. Losses of dissolved CO(2) close to 3.5 g L(-1) experienced by the oldest Champagne samples aged for about 75 months were reported. This very significant loss of dissolved CO(2) was logically interpreted as a consequence of the continuous diffusion of gaseous CO(2) through the pores of the cork stopper. By combining the diffusion principle through a porous medium with Henry's law (which links the solubility of a gas species in a liquid medium with its partial pressure in the vapor phase), a multiparameter model was built that provides the dissolved CO(2) content found in Champagne during its whole aging period. Both Champagne temperature and bottle volume were found to be key parameters with regard to the kinetics of CO(2) losses through the cork.
Welcome to The Posh Club

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter describes and analyses The Posh Club – an afternoon cabaret event produced by the queer performance collective Duckie for older working-class people at risk of isolation – and argues that it materialises a better world for its marginalised participants. It outlines Duckie's company history and the origins, operation and growth of The Posh Club, locating it in relation to the structural marginalisation of older people, austerity policy in the United Kingdom and dominant understandings of applied performance work. Rooted in participant observation, it argues that the club at once endows guests with high status and cultivates a low-stakes environment, supporting new kinds of confidence, understanding and relationality and enabling fun and fabulous experiments in dressing up, dancing and performance. These cumulatively materialise an expansive and expanding better world for the club's marginalised participants, notwithstanding certain structural and logistical challenges.
Development of 4-DOFs forceps with force sensing using pneumatic servo system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the teleoperated minimally invasive surgery systems, measurement and display of sense of force to the operator is a problem. In this paper, we proposed a master-slave system for laparoscopic surgery, which can provide force feedback to the surgeon without using force sensors. Pneumatic cylinders were used as the actuator of the manipulators to achieve this. First, we developed two forceps manipulators to construct a master-slave system which have 4-DOFs at the tip. A bilateral dynamic control system was then designed using a neural network for acquisition of the inverse dynamics. The obtained inverse dynamics was used as a feedforward controller and to estimate the external force from the differential pressure of the cylinders. Experimental results showed that the developed system successfully display the contact force on the slave side to the operator on the master side
"Early, curable stage" of rheumatoid arthritis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

present at the interview, were of the opinion that the child could hear and understand very simple sentences.She was said to have diffi- culty in expressing herself, owing to her Turkish-speaking background.Her intelligence and emotional stability were said to be at least average, and her adjustment at school appeared very satisfactory.Auriscopy showed the left drum to be normal, and the right drum retracted.Calling the child by name, with her eyes closed, or while standing behind her, on either side, produced the impression that she did not respond to or localize sounds in either ear.Some days later the headmistress mentioned that on a previous day she had repeatedly called after the child, who was going home from school, and the child had remained unaware of her.This was the first time that any member of the teaching staff had suspected deafness during the six months in which the child was at school.The mother later attended for interview, and was accompanied by an English-speaking Turkish Cypriot friend.Deafness was said to have been first suspected by both parents at the age of 4 years, when there was no progress in speech development.It was said that the child's speech, even in Turkish, was very restricted.The child was later tested at a special audio- logy unit and it was clear from the audiogram that she had a high frequency loss of hearing, with a fairly severe superimposed conductive loss.The child was recommended for a school for deaf children, and some months later was seen to be using headphones, with an amplifier, for school lessons, and was using hearing-aids at other times.She had fitted in well at the school and was making some progress despite the language difficulty.
Research Advances in Genetic Engineering of Recombinant Human Parathyroid Hormone

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Parathyroid hormone(PTH) is an alkaline polypeptide hormone which is secreted by the parathyroid gland cell.It mainly regulates metabolism of calcium and phosphorus in vertebrates.Currently,PTH and its analogues have been exploited into first-choice drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis.With the elucidation of PTH gene sequence,it has become a research hotspot to obtain recombinant PTH of high-efficiency,low-toxicity and stability by means of genetic engineering.Here we present an overview of structure function,genetic engineering research and clinical application of PTH.
The Cause of the Contract in French and Italian Law: ‘I will Survive’

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Almost 10 years ago, the Ordonnance of 10 February 2016 reforming the French Civil Code (CC) removed the cause from the conditions for validity of the obligation. Thus, it broke with the tradition of the Code Napoléon , and a large number of civil codifications followed. Since 2016, French scholars have argued that, notwithstanding its conceptual implications, the disappearance of the formula of the cause has resulted in semantic rather than substantial changes. Whereas, in one opinion, the cause is still found underlying ‘contenu litice et certain’ (Article 1128), its various forms and functions today appear in several CC provisions.