jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sodium-Citrate-Assisted Synthesis of Aqueous CdTe Nanocrystals: Giving New Insight into the Effect of Ligand Shell

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We report a protocol for investigating the effect of the ligand shell in the growth process of aqueous CdTe nanocrystals (NCs) from the viewpoint of both experiment and theoretical calculation. Experimentally we develop a new method of sodium-citrate-assisted preparation of aqueous CdTe NCs, which breaks through the restriction of thiol/Cd ratio (1.2:1) in conventional aqueous synthesis and realizes the extensive tunability of the thiol/Cd ratios from 0.1:1 to 2.4:1. On the basis of the investigation of CdTe NCs in the presence of sodium citrate (SC), the ligand shell is confirmed to control both the growth rates and the photoluminescence quantum yields (PL QYs) of aqueous NCs. Theoretically, according to the absolute rate theory (ART), the growth rates of NCs are determined by the reaction temperature, activation energy, and concentration of Te. Theoretical simulation of the NC growth process by MP2/Lanl2DZ in the Gaussian 03 program indicates that the nature of the ligand shell greatly affects the activation energy of NCs through formation of the transition-state complex, thus affecting the growth rates of NCs. Obviously, both experiment results and theoretical calculation prove that the nature of the ligand shell plays a key role in the growth process and PL QYs of aqueous CdTe NCs.
[The eye and hemispheric dominance (author's transl)].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Determining whether a subject is left--or right--handed is a problem usually entrusted to a neurologist, psychologist, or orthophonist. The ophthalmologist is also involved, however, evaluating which is the dominant eye being an important feature of the examination. At the present time, the study of conjugated ocular movements appears to be the most reliable method for detecting hemispheric lateralisation.
Supplemental Material: Late Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic paleogeographic position of the Yangtze block and the change of tectonic setting in its northwestern margin: Evidence from detrital zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotopes of sedimentary rocks

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Supplementary Figure S1: Representative cathodoluminescence images of zircons from the northwestern Yangtze block samples; Supplementary Table S1: U–Pb dating results and in situ Lu–Hf isotopic data for detrital zircons from the northwestern Yangtze block samples.
How are seafarers coping with life on board

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Shipping is the oldest form of transportation and has existed since prehistoric times (Wiley & Sons, 2012). However, trade has only grown substantially over the past couple of decades. With over 90% of the World’s volume being transported via the sea, shipping has become indispensable in facilitating World’s trade. Despite the large number of parties involved, changes in the landscape of maritime transport industry are especially impactful on the seafarers, given their important roles as the industry’s front liners. Seafarers are the driving force behind sea transportation. Without them, trade and the global economy would come to a halt. Thus, this project aims to find out how seafarers are coping with life on board now as compared to the past. To assess how seafarers are coping with life on board, we would like to focus on how their lives have changed over the past 50 years in emerging aspects such as increased regulations and technological advancement, as well as recurring concerns like piracy and safety. These factors are selected, among all the other factors, as the topics of our research as they are issues which seafarers express greatest concern about. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 15 shipping professional interviewees to understand their views. In addition, carefully crafted questionnaires have been issued to 50 current seafarers. The results collected were compared against secondary research data for coherency before conclusions were drawn. The project topic will be addressed in 3 papers. The first report (Increased regulations) focuses on the consequences brought about by increased regulations, its impacts on seafarers and their perspectives. The second report (Technological advancement) addresses the changes in technological advancements and its implications on seafarers. The last report (Threats) concentrates on the progression of piracy activities and safety standards on board over the past 50 years, as well as seafarer’s perception. This paper addresses the well-being of seafarers pertaining to increased regulations. Factors which concern them the most will be discussed. These include workload, responsibilities, rest hours and training. Discussions on the issues generally adopt the following approach: secondary research to provide a basic understanding of the issue identified, followed by analysis of the team’s quantitative and qualitative findings. Thereafter, conclusion for each issue shall be drawn and discrepancies highlighted. Despite the importance of seafarers’ roles in facilitating World’s trade, issues faced by them have seldom been the topic of academic research. Hence, to address this gap, this project aims to identify II the common issues faced by seafarers, which will serve as a useful reflection of pertinent problems to guide future researches.
Nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 1 (NAP1L1) in colon cancer patients: a potential biomarker with diagnostic and prognostic utility.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our findings revealed for the first time the substantial rise in serum NAP1L1 levels among colon cancer patients as compared to controls and as correlated with the disease progression. Accordingly, NAP1L1 seems to be a potential biomarker for colon cancer, offering clinically important information on early diagnosis and risk stratification.
Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation for Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia in Second Remission: Prognostic Relevance of Pretransplant Minimal Residual Disease Assessment by Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction of the PML/RARα Fusion Gene

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of the PML/RARα fusion gene may predict relapse in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients in hematologic complete remission (CR). We have prospectively studied by RT-PCR 15 PML/RARα+ APL patients undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) in second CR. The median time of first CR duration was 12 months (range, 6 to 40). All patients were reinduced with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), followed in 12 of 15 cases by mitoxantrone and Ara-C as consolidation. Fourteen patients received the BAVC (BCNU, Ara-C, m-AMSA, and VP-16) schedule as conditioning regimen. Unpurged marrows were collected immediately before conditioning treatment, analyzed by RT-PCR, and reinfused at median of 2 months (range, 2 to 7) from the achievement of second CR. Seven patients were PCR+ and eight PCR− for PML/RARα in their pretransplant marrows. All seven patients of the former group remained PCR+ during the follow-up and relapsed at a median time of 5 months (range, 2 to 9) from ABMT and 9 months (range, 4 to 14) from second CR. Of the eight PCR− patients, all remained PCR− during the follow-up controls. One patient relapsed at 10 months from ABMT, one died of a secondary (PML/RARα−) leukemia, and six are in hematologic and molecular remission at a median time of 28 months (range, 15 to 60) after ABMT and 32 months (range, 17 to 62) from second CR. Our results indicate that, in APL patients in second CR, ABMT with PML/RARα− marrow cells is likely to result in prolonged clinical and molecular remissions. Conversely, patients who test PCR+ after reinduction necessitate the use of alternative aggressive approaches, including unrelated allogeneic transplant.
Performance of C++ bit-vector implementations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes an experimental study to compare the performance of various dynamically resizable bit-vector implementations for the C++ programming language. We compare the std::vector from the Standard Template Library (STL), boost::dynamic_bitset from Boost, Qt::QBitArray from QT Software, and BitMagic's bm::bvector from the STL with these because it is a dynamically resizable vector implementation that has been suggested to be an acceptable alternative for std::vector. We describe the test data and the methods that were applied to measure memory use and processing time. This lays a foundation for comparing other parts of the different C++ libraries. The results are presented and discussed in terms of the differences in the implementations of these data structures. Although the results reported in this article is specific to the mentioned C++ libraries, the techniques used to measure and compare the performance of the different libraries go beyond C++ bit-vectors and may be used more generally.
Symptoms and Spread of a New Die-Back and Canker Disease of Tea Giving Heavy Damages Especially on Black Tea Variety "Benihomare" in Japan

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

1. A new die-back and canker disease occurred and has been giving heavy damages recently on tea plant, especially on "Benihomare" which is the best variety for black tea in Japan.The disease shows wide range of symptoms, killing from only slender twings to the whole tea plant.Most severe damage is brought, of course, when the collar part of the plant is attacked and killed. In such case, symptoms of the disease seem to be divided generally into three types.Type A: All stems are attacked and killed, whole tea plant become to be decayed.Type B: The dead part is limitted in one or two stems, unaffected part continues to grow.Type C: The dead part gradually expands from stem to stem, but new sprouts come out from root, grow and fatten so quickly, that the tea plant as a whole remains undecayed.2. Fruit bodies of such fungi as Guignardia sp., Nectria sp., Cryptospora sp., Diaporthe sp., Leptosphaeria sp., Macrophoma sp., Pestalotia spp., Patellaria sp., and Phomopsis sp. were found on diseased twigs or stems occasionally but not so often.Some of these fungi were described as causal fungi of twig or stem diseases of tea plant by PETCH and HARA. But no one fungus was found to associate commonly with the "Benihomare" die-back and canker disease.3. Any evidence was not seen that the infection through the wound of twigs by plucking occurred.4. There seemed to be two or three causes which act to kill twigs of tea plant. It was observed that about 50% of twigs bearing infected leaves of Japanese Exobasidium blight (Exobasidiun reticulatum) died. The death initiated from the part where infected leaves attached.The role of the Exobasidium reticulatum to the death of twigs was uncertain.5. The death of twigs seemed to be limitted only to slender twigs. In no case, the death developed to stems and killed the whole plant. The death of whole plant may occur only when the collor part was attacked and killed.6. The damage caused by the disease fairly increased year after year, but no tendency was found that the disease spread from a part of the field to surroundings as seen in other plant diseases.
Minimally invasive tricuspid valve surgery & concomitant MAZE procedure with closure of LA appendage through an ASD

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 70-year old patient with chronic atrial fibrillation, a large atrial septal defect (ASD) and severe tricuspid regurgitation of rheumatic aetiology was admitted to our unit for elective surgery, through a mini right thoracotomy (RT).
Identification of (1R)(+)-Verbenone in Essential Oils of Rosmarinus officinalis L.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Large quantities of verbenone were observed in three rosemary oils (27.0–28.9%), while in the other rosemary oils analysed the content was 2.3–21.6%. Neat separation of verbenone enantiomers from rosemary essential oils was achieved on a γ-cyclodextrin column. The order of elution of verbenone enantiomers was (1R)(+), (1S)(−) on the γ-cyclodextrin column and the opposite on the β-cyclodextrin column used. The (+)-verbenone in three rosemary oils was 100% enantiomerically pure. In all other rosemary oils the (+)-enantiomer was detected in very high enantiomeric purity (95.9–99.9%). © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Gerontology Internship Program for Medical Students

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Although the aged are the country's major users of medical care and social services, traditional medical school curricula devote little time to the aged and their social needs. This article reports on a community-based gerontology internship established for pre-clinical medical students to sensitize them to the needs of the elderly in the community. Students were assigned to community agencies servicing the elderly; working with elderly clients, they learned about needs and services. Students, agency staff and program faculty found the internship a meaningful, consciousness-raising experience, and an excellent vehicle for preparing future physicians to interact with and care for their aged patients.
Active Nematic Ratchet in Asymmetric Obstacle Arrays

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We numerically investigate the effect of an asymmetric periodic obstacle array in a two-dimensional active nematic. We find that activity in conjunction with the asymmetry leads to a ratchet effect or unidirectional flow of the fluid along the asymmetry direction. The directional flow is still present even in the active turbulent phase when the gap between obstacles is sufficiently small. We demonstrate that the dynamics of the topological defects transition from flow-mirroring to smectic-like as the gap between obstacles is made smaller, and explain this transition in terms of the pinning of negative winding number defects between obstacles. This also leads to a non-monotonic ratchet effect magnitude as a function of obstacle size, so that there is an optimal obstacle size for ratcheting at fixed activity.
Integration of building energy modeling in the design process to improve sustainability standards in the residential sector — Case study of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Saudi Arabia has high per capita electricity usage, amounting to around 9000 kWh/year. The residential sector accounts for almost 52% of the total national electricity consumption and the energy demand from it is expected to double by 2025. The associated environmental and economic pressures advocate for an improvement in energy consumption patterns by means of energy efficiency strategies. Currently, sustainable measures including energy conservation are not among the priorities of the building sector stakeholders such as architects, investors, developers and contractors. For a sustainable built environment, the conventional design process has to be modified and building energy modeling (BEM) needs to be incorporated in it from the early stages. This study measures the energy and environmental savings achievable through incorporating BEM in decision making from an early stage of the design process. An industry survey is carried out to determine the current scope of BEM and to figure out the concerned technical and non-technical barriers restricting industry professionals from using BEM in Saudi Arabia's residential building designs. Possible solutions are discussed to overcome these barriers. Energy and environmental advantages are measured in the residential sector by comparing an existing residential villa energy consumption and simulating it into different scenarios with energy efficient design solutions.
High‐Resolution Intaglio Transfer Printing of Silver Nanowires for Wearable Electrophysiological Sensors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Silver nanowires (NWs) are promising materials for flexible electronics, such as electronic skins due to their excellent electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. Achieving precise patterning of Ag NWs is essential for the successful integration and miniaturization of the electronic device system, but the high aspect ratio (AR) of NWs and the high porosity of NW networks pose challenges in forming high‐resolution patterns. Herein, the intaglio transfer printing technique to create high‐resolution patterning of ultralong Ag NWs (AR≈1000) is presented. During the pattern formation process, the external force becomes concentrated specifically at the edge of the intaglio trench, resulting in the breaking of the entangled Ag NW network in the corresponding region. This simple yet effective technique enables precise high‐resolution (minimum line width: 7 µm) and complicated Ag NW patterns on flexible substrates. The patterned Ag NWs are conformally attached to the various curvilinear surfaces and show high mechanical stability under continuous bending conditions. Wearable electrophysiological sensors are demonstrated to monitor electromyography and electrocardiogram signals in real‐time for continuous healthcare monitoring. This patterning strategy offers an effective approach for achieving high‐resolution patterns of highly anisotropic nanomaterials and highlights the potential of patterned Ag NWs in wearable electronics.
Inefficient Crystal Packing in Chiral [Ru(phen)3](PF6)2Enables Oxygen Molecule Quenching of the Solid-State MLCT Emission

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The molecular oxygen quenching of the solid-state emission from pure crystals of Delta-Ru(phen)(3)(PF(6))(2), Lambda-Ru(phen)(3)(PF(6))(2), and racemic Ru(phen)(3)(PF(6))(2) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) was studied by emission spectroscopy. Crystals of the pure enantiomers exhibit significant and nearly identical emission-intensity quenching [0.36(2) and 0.33(2), respectively] in the presence of air [where the fraction quenched is (I(nitrogen) - I(air))/I(nitrogen)]; in comparison, the racemic compound shows a much lower value [0.05(2)]. The large difference in the quenching behavior is a result of major structural differences between the two chiral salts and the racemic salt. The chiral compounds crystallize in the space groups P4(1) and P4(3), respectively, with toluene and acetonitrile molecules in the lattice that can be partially removed to create void-space channels. These open channels allow the diffusion of oxygen molecules within the crystals and enable efficient emission quenching that is not possible in the closely packed racemic salt. Lifetime measurements, thermal gravimetric analysis, and single-crystal X-ray structure determinations support these conclusions.
Nutritional properties of decaffeinated tea waste

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study was to determine some of the nutritional properties from the decaffeinated tea waste. The tea extract waste had the potential to be used as
animal feed. Minerals content analysed in this study were sodium (Na), copper (Cu), calcium (Ca), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K) and phosphorus.
The nutritional properties that had been determined were lipid, protein and minerals. For the lipid, it was determined by undergo the process in soxhlet extraction system. There was only 0.25 w/w % of lipid found in the decaffeinated tea extract waste. The quality of decaffeinated tea waste can be improved by mixing with other plant like soy bean to become animal feed. Protein was determined according to the kjedahl digestion method. The optimal percentage of protein that need in poultry feed is
10.0 % but there was only 5.85 % of protein was present in tea extract waste. Three minerals found in decaffeinated tea extract waste were copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and sodium (Na) which were 0.1644 mg/g, 0.0860 mg/g and 0.0467 mg/g respectively. Besides that, amount of total other minerals that presented were phosphorus, 0.0031 mg/g, calcium, 0.0124 mg/g, magnesium, 0.0168 mg/g, zinc, 0.0318 mg/g and potassium, 0.0350 mg/g. These minerals play important roles in poultry growth.
Childhood psoriasis: What is new and what is news

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that affects around 2%–4% of the general population, and the prevalence can be higher in selected populations. About one-third of the people affected with psoriasis have the onset of their disease in the first and second decades of life. Of the pediatric population, about 0.5%–2% is affected. Infants are affected rarely. The incidence increases with age and is reported to be ~0.55% in the age group of 0–9 years and 1.37% in the age group of 10–19 years. Flexures, face, periauricular area and medial aspect of the upper eyelid are commonly involved in children. In infants, there is predilection for diaper area. Overall, plaque psoriasis is the most common type, followed by guttate and pustular psoriasis. Lesions are more pruritic, but thinner, less erythematous, and less scaly. Follicular lesions are common. Treating psoriatic erythroderma can pose difficulties, especially in pediatric population. Some cases achieve rapid control of disease activity, while others develop chronic erythroderma with frequent disease flares. The impact of disease on psychosocial parameters is significant in this subgroup of psoriasis and affects patients and parents alike with significantly high rates of absenteeism from school. Pediatric psoriasis therefore needs to be managed effectively. However, effective treatment also poses the risk of producing adverse effects, more so in pediatric age group. A delicate balance therefore should be maintained and overzealous treatment should be avoided.
The Dietary Pattern in the Iranian Population, Findings of Bandare-Kong Non-communicable Disease Cohort Study: A Brief Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The association between dietary patterns and chronic diseases and mortality risk has been demonstrated in recent studies. Considering that dietary patterns can provide an approach that is comprehensive to both disease prevention and treatment, this study was conducted to find out prominent dietary patterns among Bandare-Kong participants. Materials and Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study was performed on Bandare-Kong non-communicable disease (BKNCD) Cohort study participants aged 35-70. A food frequency questionnaire was used to determine food intake. The factor analysis method with the principal component analysis approach was employed to extract major dietary patterns. Results: Healthy, Western, and traditional diets were identified as the three major dietary patterns. The healthy pattern was the prominent dietary pattern (10.2%). Healthy, Western, and traditional nutritional patterns explain 10.20%, 6.30%, and 4.28% of the variance in food intake, respectively. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that consumption of a healthy dietary pattern in BKNCD participants tended to be high, followed by Western as the second pattern. It is recommended that further longitudinal studies be conducted to assess the role of dietary patterns in cardiometabolic disease incidence.