jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Foreign direct investment by multinational corporations in emerging economies: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Purpose This study introduces a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the foreign direct investment (FDI) literature by multinational corporations (MNCs) focusing on emerging economies to identify the most influential authors, journals and articles in FDI research and reveals the fields' conceptual and intellectual structures. The purpose of this paper is to address these issues. Design/methodology/approach The study analyzed 533 articles published between 1974 and 2020 in 226 academic journals indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases. We used the R language for statistical computing to map author collaboration, co-word and develop a conceptual and intellectual map of the field. Findings The results show that, although the FDI literature has many authors, few dominate the field. The International Business Review (IBR) and International Journal of Emerging Markets (IJoEM) are the main sources of the publications. Moreover, bibliometric laws show that our dataset follows the Lotka law of scientific productivity and Bradford law of scattering, identifying the core journals. Finally, FDI by MNCs in emerging economies research is divided into four sub-research themes related to (1) FDI determinants, (2) entry mode, (3) MNCs and FDI performance and (4) the internationalization process. Originality/value The current article provides several starting points for practitioners and researchers investigating FDI. It contributes to broadening the vision of the field and offers recommendations for future studies.
Acoustic Data on Vowel Nasalization Across Prosodic Conditions in L1 Korean and L2 English by Native Korean Speakers

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article presents acoustic data on coarticulatory vowel nasalization from the productions of twelve L1 Korean speakers and of fourteen Korean learners of L2 English. The dataset includes eight monosyllabic target words embedded in eight carrier sentences, each repeated four times per speaker. Half of the words contain a nasal coda such as p*am in Korean and bomb in English and the other half a nasal onset such as mat in Korean and mob in English. These were produced under varied prosodic conditions, including three phrase positions and two focus conditions, enabling analysis of prosodic effects on vowel nasalization across languages along with individual speaker variation. The accompanying CSV files provide acoustic measurements such as nasal consonant duration, A1-P0, and normalized A1-P0 at multiple timepoints within the vowel. While theoretical implications have been discussed in two published studies, the full dataset is published here. By making these data publicly available, we aim to promote broad reuse and encourage further research at the intersection of prosody, phonetics, and second language acquisition—ultimately advancing our understanding of how phonetic patterns emerge, transfer, and vary across languages and learners.
Negotiating Environmental Quality: Policy Implementation in Germany and the United States

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Part 1 Introduction: the topic - game-theoretical analysis of environmental policy implementation organization of the book literature and methodology. Part 2 Discretion, agency control and judicial review in Germany and the United States: complexity and agency discretion levels of administrative decision-making the role of licensing procedures agency control standing information rights the costs of judicial review an outlook on further proceedings. Part 3 Standing, collusion and collusion deterrence: the mode agency discretion and legal standing the choice of the regulatory regime the court's decision rule minimizing legal costs collusion with the environmental group discussion and conclusions. Part 4 Negotiations under uncertain court outcomes - asymmetrical standing: the framework the role of the status quo discussion informality and self-enforcement summary. Part 5 Negotiation under uncertain court outomes -symmetrical standing: the framework the bargaining outcome - a comparison with Coase comparing asymmetrical and symmetrical standing a variant - standing and delay bargaining and exogenous trial date two examples litigation costs informal agreements and symmetrical standing extortion in private bargaining negotiated rule-making - some differences summary. Part 6 Negotiations under uncertain court outcomes - incomplete information: the court's outcome - common or private values? bargaining under privately-known profit bargaining under privately-known environmental damage summary and discussion. Part 7 Conclusions: summary the policy conclusion objections and caveats.
Information structure and OV order

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Chapter 11 ‘Information Structure and OV order’ by Þorbjörg Hróarsdóttir studies the change from object‐verb order to verb‐object order. A number of European languages have undergone such a change and here the focus is on the change in Icelandic. Morphological triggers, or the absence thereof, have often been related to clustering of syntactic properties in both diachronic change and acquisition. As seen from the English viewpoint inflectional morphology may express the relevant cue for parameters, and hence the loss of inflection may lead to a grammar change. This paper argues that this analysis does not carry over to Icelandic, as the loss of OV in Icelandic took place despite rich case morphology. Instead, it is argued that the relevant cue may be expressed differently among languages: While it may have been expressed through morphology in English, it was expressed through information structure in Icelandic. In both cases, external effects led to fewer expressions of the relevant (universal) cue and a grammar change took place. It is also shown how Object Shift in Modern Icelandic supports the claim that the placement of the object in Older Icelandic is connected to information structure.
Detecting Temporal shape changes with the Euler Characteristic Transform

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Organoids are multi-cellular structures that are cultured in vitro from stem cells to resemble specific organs (e.g., brain, liver) in their three-dimensional composition. Dynamic changes in the shape and composition of these model systems can be used to understand the effect of mutations and treatments in health and disease. In this paper, we propose a new technique in the field of topological data analysis for DEtecting Temporal shape changes with the Euler Characteristic Transform (DETECT). DETECT is a rotationally invariant signature of dynamically changing shapes. We demonstrate our method on a data set of segmented videos of mouse small intestine organoid experiments and show that it outperforms classical shape descriptors. We verify our method on a synthetic organoid data set and illustrate how it generalizes to 3D. We conclude that DETECT offers rigorous quantification of organoids and opens up computationally scalable methods for distinguishing different growth regimes and assessing treatment effects.
Two new species of the genus Tetraspinus from China (Acari: Eriophyidae).

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This paper deals with two new species of Tetraspinus from China. All measurements are in micra. Type specimens are deposited in Nanjing Agricultural University.1.Tetraspinus pistaciae sp. nov. (figs. 1-6)This new species related to Tetraspinus pyramidicus (Keifer), but it with incomplete median line, the tergites being smooth, and the female genitalia coverflap having 10-12 longitudinal ribs.Host plant: Pistacia chiriensis. Holotype ., allotype , paratypes 9 and 1, Yixing City (3.1° 03'N, 119°08'E), Jiangsu Province, July 20, 1985, collected by Kuang Haiyuan and Hong Xiaoyue.2.Tetraspinus populi sp. nov. (figs. 7-12)This new species resembles Tetraspinus lentus Boczek, but its sternites and te-losome tergites having round microtubercles, and the female genitalia coverflap with 8 longitudinal ribs.Host plant: Popultts sp.Holotype , allotype , paratypes 2 and 2 m Fang County (32°00'N, 101°07'E), Hubei Province, July 18, 1986, collected by Hong Xiaoyue.
PAROXYSMAL ABDOMINAL PAIN

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Very little is known in man about the cerebral representation of the vasomotor and visceromotor mechanisms and their sensory counterparts. However, animal experimentation points to the existence of neuronal chains concerned with these functions at almost all levels of the brain, and clinical evidence exists as to their involvement in disease and dysfunction of the brain. Dysfunction of cortical and subcortical structures in man in many instances leads to changes in the electroencephalogram. In many cases diencephalic and particularly thalamic disorders have been known to influence the cortical electrical activity. This is particularly true for epileptic manifestations in the widest sense. The present study deals with a group of patients in whom paroxysmal visceral symptoms were the presenting complaint. The first 12 of these patients were seen about 10 years ago at the Babies Hospital and the pediatric service of the Vanderbilt Clinic. 1 During the intervening 10 years we
Genotype–phenotype correlations in laminopathies: how does fate translate?

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A-type laminopathies are a group of diseases resulting from mutations in the intermediate filament proteins lamin A and C (both encoded by the LMNA gene), but for which the pathogenic mechanisms are little understood. In some laminopathies, there is a good correlation between the presence of a specific LMNA mutation and the disease diagnosed. In others however, many different mutations can give rise to the same clinical condition, even though the mutations may be distributed throughout one, or more, of the three functionally distinct protein domains of lamin A/C. Conversely, certain mutations can cause multiple laminopathies, with related patients carrying an identical mutation even having separate diseases, often affecting different tissues. Therefore clarifying genotype–phenotype links may provide important insights into both disease penetrance and mechanism. In the present paper, we review recent developments in genotype–phenotype correlations in laminopathies and discuss the factors that could influence pathology.
Precision of measurement of remanent magnetization

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Confidence limits on the magnitude and direction of remanent magnetization measurements are derived as[Formula: see text]and[Formula: see text]where[Formula: see text]p is probability; n is the number of unbiased independent measurements X i , Y i , Z i , of each Cartesian component x, y, z, and [Formula: see text] is the calculated magnitude of the remanence. Comparable expressions are derived for the confidence limits on the difference between two vectors. An approximate test for randomness is described. The errors commonly amount to more than 2% in magnitude and 2° in direction, and are greater for inhomogeneously magnetized samples and for vector magnitudes close to the sensitivity limit of the magnetometer. The effect of inhomogeneity of remanence requires special attention for most magnetometers. Applications of the methods to elimination of imprecise data, and assessing whether data conform to particular directional and stability-spectra models, are described.
Amelioration some Physical and Hydrophysical Properties of Clay Loam Soil Using Compost at Different Depths and Nitrogen Fertilizer rates.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Field experiments were conducted on clay loam soil during two successive seasons. Summer season 2017 using maize plants and winter season 2017/2018 using barley plants at El-Gemmeiza Agricultural Research Station, El-Gharbia Governorate, to evaluate the effect and residual effects of compost rates placed in moles 30 cm depth, arranged in parallel orientation with respect to one another and spaced at 3 m apart or placed on the surface soil layers besides the nitrogen fertilizer rates on improving soil physical and hydrophysical properties. Furthermore, economical analysis was done by calculating the net income for every treatment to determine the economical value. The rates of compost were 0.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 t fed.-1, while the nitrogen rates were 0.0, 50, 75 and 100 % of the recommended dose for every growing crop. The experiments were conducted in split-split plot arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. Results can be summarized as follows:- 1- Soil penetration resistance significantly decreased with increasing the addition rates of compost and depths. 2- The soil bulk density (Db) significantly decreased under different compost rates and depths, while total soil porosity (E) and void ratio (e) took the opposite trend. 3- The settling percentage of the soil was significantly decreased with increasing of compost rates and depths, indicating a higher degree of structural stability. 4- The values of pore size distribution (large, medium and micro pores as a percent of total porosity) were significantly increased in the two growing seasons. 5- Soil hydraulic conductivity (Kh) and soil moisture content, i.e., saturation percent (SP), water field capacity (FC), wilting point (WP), available water (AW) and soil moisture content just before harvesting (θw) were significantly increased for the two seasons, with increasing the rates of compost. 6- Water consumption (Cu) was decreased and water use efficiency (WUE) was increased in all treatments of the two seasons. 7- Cost benefit analysis revealed that the most valuable treatment was adding compost (5.0 t fed.-1) in 30 cm mole depth with 100 % of the recommended dose of nitrogen fertilizer for each crop, since it gave the highest net income. 8- From the above results, it is more useful to use of compost filled moles with different rates and nitrogen fertilizers to markedly improve both physical and hydro physical properties under clay loam soil.
Using mouse strokes to verify user identity

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

When faced with a login system, some users face the problem of forgetting their passwords. There are many user verification methods such as like retina scan or finger printing that do not require a user to have a password. They make use of a user’s physical traits to verify them. However, these methods do not come cheap and are hard to implement in on a large scale. The mouse is a piece of relatively cheap peripheral hardware that most users with a computer would have. The aim of this project is to try to see if it is possible to verify a user using the mouse movements created by this user. The approach used in this project was to test for the mouse speed of the user when moving an object across the screen. I have developed basic functionalities that enable the program to obtain the speed of mouse movement from a browser, to store the username and mouse speed during a registration process and use it for comparison in the login process. The result of the test was that testers were able login to the system 70% of the time, and when they try to login to other user’s accounts, a 20% success rate was observed.
French market, april 2004 : indicators. Banana, avocado, orange, grapefruit, easy peelers, litchi, mango

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Banana: Market recovery continued. The average monthly price remained lower than average but the tremendous difference with preceding years observed in the first quarter diminished. Demand recovered after the usual Easter slump, with comparatively attractive retail prices, medium supplies and limited competition from the season's fruits. Avocado: The average price was quite firm in spite of comparatively plentiful supplies. However, this fairly satisfactory overall performance hides considerable differences between the varietal groups. Although the situation remained satisfactory for Hass, history seemed to repeat itself for Fuerte from Kenya. The excessively large shipments-in spite of the well known problem of the positioning of the variety with regard to supermarkets-sent the market for green varieties plunging to a historically low level. Orange: Market performance was excellent for the third month running. The volumes sold and average prices were distinctly higher than the average for the recent seasons. The recovery of interest in dessert oranges stimulated by Lanelate/Navelate from Spain lasted until the end of the season for the variety. Demand returned to an average level after the switch to Valencia Late in the last part of the month. The month's performance was patchy for Maroc Late. Grapefruit: The last part of the winter season did not match the optimistic forecasts made by most importers and analysts. Supplies of both Florida and Mediterranean fruits were much more plentiful than expected as many operators had speculated on a sharp rise in prices like that of April 2003. What actually happened was roughly the opposite. Although the balance remained satisfactory for Florida, the Mediterranean origins were unable to find the expected market outlet because of the prolonging of the Florida season. Easy peelers: The end of the season held no surprises. Only medium grade Ortanique fetched decent prices as demand was limited and very selective. Supplies were plentiful in spite of a decrease in Moroccan production. Litchi: April this year was a period of transition from the end of the season in the Indian Ocean and the start of the Asian season. The last shipments from South Africa arrived in mid-March and were sold until the beginning of April, mainly in northern European countries. Mango West African season April is characterised by continuous, marked under-supply. The lengthening of the Peruvian season was not enough to make up for the shortage of produce resulting from the slow start to the export seasons in West African countries. Scarce supply resulted in substantial price increases until the end of the period.
Advanced Physiotherapy Practice: A qualitative study on the potential challenges and barriers to implementation in Ghana

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: To identify the potential challenges and barriers to the implementation of Advanced Physiotherapy Practice (APP) in Ghana. Methods: A basic interpretive qualitative study design was conducted, with a semi-structured focus group comprising eight physiotherapists and a one-to-one interview with the director of orthopedic surgery in the second largest hospital in Ghana. Participants were sampled purposefully to ensure they had a clear understanding of APP. Discussions were audio recorded, transcribed, coded and thematic analysis was performed. Findings: Four key themes were identified as potential challenges to the implementation of APP in Ghana. Theme 1 Jurisdictional Disputes: Physiotherapists believed doctors will not accept the practice, while the doctor interviewed was willing to accept the practice. Theme 2: Management Support: Support from management was identified as a potential barrier to APP implementation due to workplace culture and liability. Theme 3 Change in Law and Policy: APP could be hindered if there is no legislative support and policies in place. Theme 4 Postgraduate Training: This was identified as key to the implementation of APP since there is no such level of training in Ghana. Conclusion: Barriers to health-care programs are often not identified and addressed prior to their implementation in developing countries, leading to program failure. Addressing these four barriers and challenges could ensure the successful implementation of APP in Ghana. APP has the potential to improve access to rural health-care delivery and augment the shortage of health professionals in developing countries.
Chinese Public Theology: Generational Shifts and Confucian Imagination in Chinese Christianity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

It has been widely recognized that Christianity is the fastest growing religion in one of the last communist-run countries of the world: the People’s Republic of China. Yet it would be a mistake to describe Chinese Christianity as merely a clandestine faith or, as hoped by the Communist Party of China, a privatized religion. Alexander Chow argues that, since the end of the Cultural Revolution (1966–76), Christians in mainland China have been constructing a more intentional public theology to engage the Chinese state and society. Chinese Public Theology recalls the events which have led to this transformation and examines the developments of Christianity across three generations of Chinese intellectuals from the state-sanctioned Protestant church, the secular academy, and the growing urban renaissance in Calvinism. Moreover, Chow shows how each of these generations have provided different theological responses to the same sociopolitical moments of the last three decades. This book explains that a growing understanding of Chinese public theology has been developed through a subconscious intermingling of Christian and Confucian understandings of public intellectualism. These factors result in a contextually unique understanding of public theology, but also one which is faced by contextual limitations as well. Mindful of this, Chow draws from the Eastern Orthodox doctrine of theosis and the Chinese traditional teaching of the unity of Heaven and humanity (Tian ren heyi) to offer a path forward in the construction of a Chinese public theology. Chinese Public Theology promises a new perspective into the vibrant and growing area of Chinese Christianity.
Characterization of Novel Aperture Proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In many species, exine, the outer wall of pollen grains, is deposited non-uniformly on the pollen surface. The gaps left on the pollen surface by the absence of exine deposition are known as apertures. These apertures facilitate emergence of the pollen tubes, making them important for male fertility in many plants. The positioning of the apertures is highly conserved within species, yet it varies widely between species, making apertures an ideal model for studying how cells control formation of distinct extracellular domains. Very little is known about how the locations of apertures are specified and how apertures are formed. Dobritsa lab's current work involves identification and characterization of novel proteins in Arabidopsis required for aperture formation. My project focused on two of the mutants recently found during a mutagenesis screen, both of which completely lack apertures. The candidate genes responsible for these mutations, called STRUBBELIG-RECEPTOR FAMILY 2 (SRF2) and INAPERTURATE POLLEN 2 (INP2), were isolated, fused with YFP in some cases, and introduced into their respective mutants in Arabidopsis using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. I created the constructs and confirmed the identity of these genes by phenotypic rescue of their mutants. The expression and localization of the SRF2 protein was characterized using fluorescence of the YFP tag. In addition, I also tested the effects of inactivation of ELMOD-A, a close paralog of a third gene involved in aperture formation, called MACARON, by mutating ELMOD-A with CRISPR and demonstrated that ELMOD-A is also involved in pollen aperture formation.