jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Antinociceptive effects of topical mepivacaine in a rat model of HIV-associated peripheral neuropathic pain

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Jacqueline Sagen, Daniel A Castellanos,† Aldric T Hama The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA †Daniel A Castellanos passed away on April 14, 2010 Background: A consequence of HIV infection is sensory neuropathy, a debilitating condition that degrades the quality of life of HIV patients. Furthermore, life-extending antiretroviral treatment may exacerbate HIV sensory neuropathy. Analgesics that relieve other neuropathic pains show little or no efficacy in ameliorating HIV sensory neuropathy. Thus, there is a need for analgesics for people with this particular pain. While lidocaine is used in the management of painful peripheral neuropathies, another local anesthetic mepivacaine, with a potentially improved bioavailability, could be utilized for the management of HIV neuropathic pain.Methods: The efficacy of topical anesthetics was evaluated in a preclinical rodent model of painful peripheral neuropathy induced by epineural administration of the HIV envelope protein gp120 delivered using saturated oxidized cellulose implanted around the sciatic nerve. Beginning at 2 weeks following gp120 administration, the effects of local anesthetics topically applied via gauze pads were tested on heat and mechanical hyperalgesia in the hind paw. Rats were tested using several concentrations of mepivacaine or lidocaine during the following 2 weeks.Results: By 2 weeks following epineural gp120 implantation, the ipsilateral hind paw developed significant hypersensitivity to noxious pressure and heat hyperalgesia. A short-lasting, concentration-dependent amelioration of pressure and heat hyperalgesia was observed following topical application of mepivacaine to the ipsilateral plantar hind paw. By contrast, topical lidocaine ameliorated heat hyperalgesia in a concentration-dependent manner but not pressure hyperalgesia. Equipotent concentrations of mepivacaine and lidocaine applied topically to the tail of mice significantly increased tail withdrawal latencies in the tail flick test, demonstrating that both local anesthetics attenuate responding to a brief noxious stimulus.Conclusion: These findings showed that mepivacaine, rather than lidocaine, consistently attenuated two distinct symptoms of neuropathic pain and suggest that topical formulations of this local anesthetic could have utility in the alleviation of clinical HIV neuropathic pain. Keywords: chronic pain, acute pain, analgesia, AIDs-related pain, distal sensory neuropathy, local anesthetics
A slacks-based network DEA efficiency analysis of European airlines

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Conventional data envelopment analysis (DEA) models consider a system as a single-process 'black box'. There are, however, DEA approaches that consider a system as composed of distinct processes or stages, each one with its own inputs and outputs and with intermediate flows among the stages. In this paper, a network DEA approach to airline efficiency assessment is presented. One conclusion of the study is that the network DEA approach has more discriminative power than the single-process DEA approach and that the computed targets, efficiency scores and rankings are more valid. This is because network DEA allows for a more fine-grained analysis that leads to a more realistic estimation of the overall system production possibility set than the one assumed by conventional DEA. In other words, compared with network DEA the conventional, single-process DEA represents an aggregated analysis that merges all system processes with their inputs and outputs and ignores their internal flows. The main drawbacks are the need for more detailed data (i.e. at the process level) and the greater complexity of the resulting models, especially if there are inputs or outputs that are shared among the processes.
"If Christ Has Not Been Raised": 1 Corinthians 15:17 and the Hamartiological Inefficacy of a Compromised Gospel

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

While Pauline scholars routinely posit the existence of a causal link between Jesus's resurrection and forgiveness to explain his hamartiological claim in 1 Cor 15:17 about the Corinthians' remaining in sin apart from Christ's resurrection, I regard such an interpretive approach as flawed. I argue instead that 1 Cor 15:12–19 aims by means of an extended reductio ad absurdum to persuade the Corinthians to affirm Paul's teaching about eschatological resurrection on the grounds that refusal to yield assent would simultaneously unravel their ability to embrace the theological content of any other aspect of the paradosis by exposing both Paul and his apostolic counterparts as untrustworthy witnesses about God. Hence, 1 Cor 15:17 aims not to characterize Christ's resurrection as efficacious for forgiveness of sins (a work the apostle here and elsewhere reserves for Jesus's crucifixion), but to point out an unwelcome consequence resulting from the decision to deny resurrection in general.
The Theory of Analytic Band-Limited Signals Applied to Carrier Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The recently-developed concept of the "analytic signal," together with that of bandwidth-limited signals, is used to construct a general theory of amplitude modulation. The basic definition and properties of an "analytic signal" are reviewed with particular reference to band-limited signals. The "analytic signal" is a signal of the form z(t) = x(t) + jy(t) = p(t)e^{j\varphi(t)} where x(t) and y(t) have the same norms, are orthogonal and related to one another by the Hilbert transform, and where p(t) = \sqrt{x^{2}+y^{2}} defines an envelope function while \varphi(t) = \tan^{-1}y(t)/x(t) defines a phase function whose rate of change determines an instantaneous frequency. The Fourier transform Z(\omega) for z(t) is identically zero for \omega < 0 . The theory of amplitude modulation based on the band-limited analytic signal is used to define clearly the properties of single-sideband transmission systems. The problem of amplifier overloading in multiplex single-sideband transmission is referred to and some comparisons are drawn between the amplitude probability distributions of the envelopes of double and single-sideband transmission of random signals. It is suggested that the concept of the analytic bandwidth-limited signal may facilitate the development of a general theory of frequency modulation.
Mashup tools for big data analysis in maritime surveillance

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The growth of big data and its popularity in maritime surveillance has increased at an exponential rate. The amount of maritime information being collected every minute around the world exceeds the capacity of traditional databases. The development of real-time, Geospatial Web Applications e.g., MarineTraffic and VesselFinder AIS vessel tracking web sites, provide us with huge sets of structured and unstructured data that are too complex for traditional data-processing software. The aim of this paper is to exploit the benefits of query and mashup amounts of maritime data using mashup tools as a result to create a single, unique visualization. The results show that using mashup techniques in maritime surveillance could be used to monitor, compare, combine, manipulate and analyse Big Maritime data. Therefore, research on Maritime Data offers a huge potential and an opportunity to benefit from the advantages.
How Distance Programs will Affect Students, Courses, Faculty and Institutional Futures

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Designed properly, distance education classes can be at least as effective and, in some ways, even more effective than face-to-face courses. The tools and technologies used for distance education courses facilitate learning opportunities not possible in the face-to-face classroom. Distance programs are accelerating changes that are challenging students, faculty, and the university, itself. Currently, most faculty are rewarded for the quality of instruction, as well as their external funding and their research. Often, university administrators focus more attention on the efficiency of teaching than on its effectiveness. In the future, as the quality of distance learning increases, the primary factor for success will be the faculty’s commitment to excellence in teaching. Many institutions will be forced to reevaluate the quality of teaching as the institution becomes more visible to the public, to legislators who support higher education, and to prospective students.
Comparative study of the surface charge of some isolates of trypanosomatids of the genus Phytomonas.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The surface charge of different isolates of Phytomonas from Euphorbia hyssopifolia, Euphorbia pinea, Euphorbia characias and Manihot esculenta was analysed by the binding of cationic particles (colloidal iron hydroxide at pH 1.8 and cationized ferritin at pH 7.2) to the protozoan surface and by determination of the cell electrophoretic mobility (EPM). All the isolates had a net negative surface charge, and the isolate from E. hyssopifolia manifested the greatest negative charge. A good relationship between the electrophoretic mobility data and the density of the cationic particles on the parasite's surface, as seen in ultrathin sections, was observed. Neuraminidase treatment did not significantly reduce the mean EPM of the parasites analysed.
Cronache epistolari. Lettere 1476-1508

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

After Christopher Columbus, Amerigo Vespucci was the most important navigator and explorer of all time, so much so as to deserve the esteem not only of his contemporary geographers, but also that of historians like Francesco Guicciardini who, in one of the most important chapters of his history of Italy, raised him to the rank of protagonist of universal history. The originality of this collection - bringing together for the first time all known letters of Amerigo Vespucci - consists in having considered (and demonstrated) the special nature of such correspondence as a “chronicle” of the daily life of Renaissance Tuscany and Florence, deeply marked by Humanism, with its taste, lifestyle, ideas, interests (including geographical interests), creations (printed books and their typographical workshops) from which Vespucci drew many suggestions. Once he moved first to Seville and then to Lisbon, Vespucci gained a new human experience that pushed him, following the mysteries of the Atlantic Ocean, in search of the “fame” suggested to him by the humanistic culture. After the “wonder” of the New World discovered, the result of this “intellectual chemistry” moved him to recount daily life on the Spanish and Portuguese caravels, and to describe with ethnological passion the new lands and their inhabitants in a unique and unrepeatable frame in the history of humanity.
RESEARCH ARTICLE Exhaustive Analysis of a Genotype Space Comprising 1015 Central Carbon Metabolisms Reveals an Organization Conducive to Metabolic Innovation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

All biological evolution takes place in a space of possible genotypes and their phenotypes. The structure of this space defines the evolutionary potential and limitations of an evolving system. Metabolism is one of the most ancient and fundamental evolving systems, sustain-ing life by extracting energy from extracellular nutrients. Here we study metabolism’s poten-tial for innovation by analyzing an exhaustive genotype-phenotype map for a space of 1015 metabolisms that encodes all possible subsets of 51 reactions in central carbon metabo-lism. Using flux balance analysis, we predict the viability of these metabolisms on 10 differ-ent carbon sources which give rise to 1024 potential metabolic phenotypes. Although viable metabolisms with any one phenotype comprise a tiny fraction of genotype space, their absolute numbers exceed 109 for some phenotypes. Metabolisms with any one phenotype typically form a single network of genotypes that extends far or all the way through meta-bolic genotype space, where any two genotypes can be reached from each other through a series of single reaction changes. The minimal distance of genotype networks associated with different phenotypes is small, such that one can reach metabolisms with novel pheno-
Thinking Differently: A Visual Note Recording Strategy to Improve Learning

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The use of visuals in the learning environment is increasing every day. The idea of connecting images with existing knowledge is one way to effectively learn and remember. Since visual literacy has become one of the most important concepts in education today, finding a new way to present and understand information about the concept is an essential part of the learning process. The purpose of this study is to explore the importance of using visual note recording (VNR) in the learning process, and how the participant perceives visual note recording as an aid to thinking and recalling information. A qualitative methodology was used to gain in-depth understanding of visual note recording (VNR) in the learning process. Interviews were used to collect information from five participants representing different nations. Participants were asked questions designed to explore their experiences in using VNR as an aid to enhanced thinking, and to determine how they define the activity of visual note recording. Findings from this study show that VNR can have a great impact on students’ learning ability. The study demonstrates that the use of VNR leads to recalling information more easily, simplifying complex ideas, and enhancing critical and visual thinking skills. This study also points out that VNR is constructive and supports authentic student learning opportunities. Originality : Since there is a paucity of research on VNR and its use in the learning process, either in educational institutions or business organizations, this paper adds value to educators, practitioners and policy-makers. Keywords: visual note recording (VNR), sketchnoting, learning process, cognition, memory recall, visual literacy, visual thinking, critical thinking. DOI : 10.7176/JEP/11-2-02 Publication date: January 31 st 2020
Effects of Systematic Desensitization on Examination Phobia of Computer Engineering Students in Nigeria

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The study explored effects of systematic desensitization on examination phobia of computer engineering students.Two research questions and one hypothesis guided the study.True experimental research design was adopted for the study.Voluntary sampling technique was used to compose a sample of 60 students used for the study.The instruments for data collection were Student Examination Phobic Traits Identification Questionnaire (SEPTIQ) and Examination Phobia Manifestation Scale (EPMS) developed by the researcher.The data collected for research were analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation while the hypothesis raised in the study was tested at P < 0.05 level of significance using ANCOVA.Results showed that computer engineering students exposed to treatments using systematic desensitization had significant reduction on their examination phobia manifestation than those not exposed.In addition, gender was not found to be a significant factor influencing the manifestation of examination phobia.Based on the the findings, discussion was made.The educational counselling implications of the findings were highlighted.Subsequently, conclusion and recommendation were proffered.
Effect of concrete edge distance on the hysteretic response of roof joint

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Summary Roof joint connects the upper roof structure to the lower RC columns in large‐span structures. However, during several earthquakes, concrete edge failure of roof joint observed in several previous earthquakes shows potential collapse damage of the large‐span structures. This paper presents an experimental and numerical study on the performance of roof joints under quasi‐static cyclic loading. The effects of concrete edge distance of anchor rods and using horizontally slotted holes in the base plate were investigated and discussed by means of ultimate shear resistances, failure modes, hysteretic responses, anchor strains, and stirrup strains. It was found that concrete edge failure was prone to occur if the edge distance was taken as per current design practice. However, with the use of slotted holes in the base plate, the concrete edge failure could be suppressed due to the sliding between the base plate and the mortar layer. A refined theoretical model was proposed to evaluate the ultimate shear resistance and predict the failure mode. Finite Element Models (FEMs) were also developed to verify the proposed theoretical model in terms of the ultimate shear resistance and the failure mode under both monotonic and cyclic loading.
Case report of a dermoid cyst in the floor of the mouth of a 17-year old female patient

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

At the floor of the mouth, various types of pathological lesions may arise. Their diagnosis and differentiation are of significant clinical importance due to different course of the disease and treatment methods. This article presents a case of a 17-year-old female patient who has been diagnosed with a dermoid cyst by accident. Differential diagnosis due to a similar morphology of the lesion involved mainly a ranula. A complete resection of the lesion was performed. Histopathological examination showed a dermoid cyst, which is a rare lesion in this location.
Validating the diffusion model for long-term coastal profile evolution

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

An algorithm for the simultaneous determination of two coefficients in an inverse problem for equations of the parabolic type is studied. The model under investigation has been proposed by H. de Vriend and M. Capobianco to describe the long-time coastal profile evolution. The iterative inversion procedure is based on the minimization of a suitable cost functional. Results of numerical tests are shown to illustrate the performance of the algorithm. The real measured data of the coastal profile evolution have been numerically processed to validate the aforementioned diffusion type model.
Simultaneous imaging of intracellular [Ca2+] and pH in single MDCK and glomerular epithelial cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The interrelationships between changes in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and intracellular pH in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells and kidney glomerular epithelial cells exposed to various stimuli were analyzed simultaneously using a new design of a fluorescence video microscope. Cells were double labeled with indo 1 and SNARF 1 dyes and were excited simultaneously at 350 and 540 nm. Images at four emission wavelengths were captured simultaneously at 405, 475, 575, and 640 nm at 30 frames/s for the two ratio dyes. SNARF sensitivity to pH between 6.5 and 8.0 was unchanged by [Ca2+]i. The SNARF ratio maps were used to correct the pH-dependent changes in the calculation of local cell calcium. NH4Cl loading produced the expected alkalinization and a concurrent rise in [Ca2+]i. When the NH4Cl was removed and the cells became acidic, a second rise in [Ca2+]i was recorded. Both changes in [Ca2+]i were from intracellular stores since they persisted in the absence of extracellular calcium. The findings demonstrate the need for pH correction of indo 1 recordings.
Veritas software corporation : marketing challenges in China

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

With the increasing relevance of the case study research methodology to problem solving in real-life business situations, this dissertation documented a case study on Veritas Software Corporation, Shanghai Office's (VRTS) market challenges, in China's software industry. More specifically, the main objective would be to apply selected western theories to Veritas' challenges in China, to demonstrate how successfully these theories could be integrated with its business practices in the current business environment of China.
Performance of Additive mixed Electro-Discharge Machining of Inconel 718 Super Alloys

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the present work, Performance of Additive mixed Electro-Discharge Machining of Inconel 718 Super Alloys has been attempted. Since, traditional machining routes are inappropriate for difficult-to-cut materials (like Inconel 718 super alloys); EDM process has been adapted. In contrast to conventional EDM (no powder); addition of conductive powder particles into the dielectric media has been recommended in literature in order to improve machinability of super alloys. Experiments have bee performed by varying peak discharge current and pulse duration; Copper powder (400 Mesh) has been added to the EDM oil (dielectric media). Performance of powder-mixed EDM has been analyzed in terms of material removal efficiency, surface roughness, surface crack density and white layer thickness. EDS and XRD tests have been carried out to understand chemical composition and metallurgical aspects of the machined surface (viz. material migration, phase, extent of grain refinement, formation of intermetallic compounds, residual stress) as compared to ‘as received’ parent material.
Implications for the Prevention of Aggressive Behavior Within Psychiatric Hospitals Drawn From Interpersonal Communication Theory

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Although interpersonal style is a defining feature of personality and personality disorder and is commonly identified as an important influence on aggressive behavior, treatment completion, and the development of an effective therapeutic alliance, it is rarely considered in practice guidelines for preventing, engaging, and managing patients at risk of aggression. In this article, the authors consider three potential applications of interpersonal theory to the care and management of patients at risk of aggression during hospitalization: (a) preventing aggression through theoretically grounded limit setting and de-escalation techniques, (b) developing and using interventions to alter problematic interpersonal styles, and (c) understanding therapeutic ruptures and difficulties establishing a therapeutic alliance. Interpersonal theory is proposed to offer a unifying framework that may assist development of intervention and management strategies that can help to reduce the occurrence of aggression in institutional settings.
An analytical method to determine the addendum modification parameters of involute helical gears

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Due to the simplified tooth profile and the complicated load distribution along the contact line, the traditional analytic method cannot satisfy the accuracy requirement while carrying out addendum modification of the helical gears. To overcome this disadvantage, a new way based on cross-section method is presented to calculate the deformation of helical tooth tip. First, the tooth is divided into copies of cross-section along face width and the moment of inertia for each section is calculated. Also, the load is distributed according to length of the contact line, and the effect of deflected load is taken into account as well. Based on these works, a general formula of helical tooth tip deformation is deduced. Then, this formula is applied to calculate the addendum modification width a c . In addition, considering that tooth tip modification will shorten the meshing line, three models used to control length of the remaining meshing line are proposed and addendum modification height h c is defined accordingly. Finally, an instance is given to verify the good agreement between results of this study and those of a finite element model. Apart from this, engineering application of this method is provided.