jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Prognostic significance of TRAIL signalling molecules in cervical squamous cell carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the TNF superfamily that preferentially induces apoptosis in cancer cells while exhibiting little or no toxicity in normal cells. In this study, we evaluated the clinicopathological significance of TRAIL signalling members’ expression profiles in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). Methods TRAIL, DR5, caspase-8 and cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) protein expression was investigated in 72 stage IA2-IIIA CSCC patients using immunohistochemistry. Correlation between protein expression and clinicopathological features, radiotherapy response and survival was statistically analysed. Results Positive c-FLIP expression was an independent negative indicator for disease-free survival (DFS) (p=0.015) in multivariate Cox regression analysis. The DR5 nuclear positive group (p=0.069 by log rank test) showed some advantage of radiotherapy for overall survival (OS) compared with the DR5 nuclear negative cohort (p=0.568 by log rank test). In addition, loss of TRAIL expression was associated with worse differentiation (p=0.004), while absence of caspase-8 staining was more frequently observed in cases with lymphovascular invasion (p=0.035). Conclusions High c-FLIP expression is shown to be an independent prognostic variable, DR5 nuclear expression may serve as a predictive biomarker for radiotherapy, and TRAIL as well as caspase-8 loss may be associated with malignant progression.
TLR2- and Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain 2-Dependent Krüppel-Like Factor 2 Expression Downregulates NF-κB–Related Gene Expression

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The release of potent proinflammatory mediators is not only central for mounting an efficient host response, but also bears the risk for deleterious excessive tissue-damaging inflammation. This is highlighted in severe pneumococcal pneumonia, in which the delicate balance between a robust inflammatory response to kill pneumococci and loss of organ function determines the outcome of disease. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that Krüppel-like factor (KLF)2 counterregulates pneumococci- and pattern recognition receptor-related human lung cell activation. Pneumococci induced KLF2 expression in vitro and in a murine pneumonia model. Activation of TLR2- and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein 2-related signaling induced KLF2 expression in a PI3K-dependent manner. Overexpression of KLF2 downregulated pneumococci-, TLR2-, and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein 2-related NF-κB–dependent gene expression and IL-8 release, whereas small interfering RNA-based silencing of KLF2 provoked an enhanced inflammatory response. KLF2-dependent downregulation of NF-κB activity is partly reversible by overexpression of the histone acetylase p300/CREB-binding protein-associated factor. In conclusion, KLF2 may act as a counterregulatory transcription factor in pneumococci- and pattern recognition receptor-related proinflammatory activation of lung cells, thereby preventing lung hyperinflammation and subsequent organ failure.
Thromboembolism in Beta-Thalassemia Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Thalassemia disease is a common inherited hemolytic anemia frequently found in several parts of the world, especially in the Mediterranean and some Asian countries. Besides the complications of secondary hemochromatosis from regular red blood cell (RBC) transfusion and increased gastrointestinal absorption of iron, thromboembolism (TE) is one of the common long-term complications of beta-thalassemia disease, particularly in patients with non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia (NTDT), which is commonly seen after the second decade of life. The risk factors of TE in beta-thalassemia disease including exposure of phosphatidylserine of abnormal RBCs, increase of platelet activation and aggregation, elevation of endothelial microparticles and increased endothelial activation, decreased nitric oxide (NO) secondary to hemolysis, rise of platelet count and nucleated RBCs after splenectomy, organ dysfunction caused by hemochromatosis, and thrombophilia such as natural anticoagulant deficiencies leading to hypercoagulable state. The understanding of the pathophysiology would result in effective prevention of this complication of beta-thalassemia disease.
"A contribution towards the study of Madrid air mycoflora. II. Genus Cladosporium".

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The genus Cladosporium was isolated from the atmospheric air of Madrid with a high frequency and proportion being found in the four areas, tested. No significant differences existed between them. From the study of the correlation matrices of the number of colonies of Cladosporium with meteorological and chemical contamination parameters, we can conclude that mean temperature, relative atmospheric humidity and carbon monoxide level seem to have a positive influence on the concentration of Cladosporium spores in atmospheric air. On the other hand, the direction of the wind and the level of sulfur dioxide seem to have a negative influence on the spores concentration.
Dampak terapeutik Peperomia Pellucida terhadap kerusakan histologis ginjal akibat paparan asap rokok pada tikus

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a growing health problem in many countries. One of the main causes of CKD is cigarette smoke, which contains harmful chemicals like cadmium and nicotine. These substances can damage kidney tissue and increase the risk of kidney failure. Peperomia pellucida, a small herbal plant commonly found in tropical countries, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It has been used in traditional medicine to treat various illnesses, including kidney problems. This study aimed to find out if Peperomia pellucida extract could help heal kidney damage caused by cigarette smoke. Twenty male rats were divided into three groups: a control group, a smoke-exposed group without treatment, and a smoke-exposed group treated with Peperomia pellucida extract. The rats were exposed to cigarette smoke for four weeks. Then, the treated group received the plant extract for another four weeks. The results showed that rats treated with the extract had less damage in their kidney tissues. The improvement was measured using the EGTI scoring method (Endothelial, Glomerular, Tubular, and Interstitial). This suggests that Peperomia pellucida may be useful as a natural and affordable treatment to protect the kidneys from damage caused by cigarette smoke, especially for people exposed to secondhand smoke
PREDICTING WEEKLY DISCHARGE USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK (ANN) OPTIMIZED BY ARTIFICIAL BEE COLONY (ABC) A LGORITHM : A C ASE STUDY

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Water surface management in the field if hydrology has been considered as an important issue due to many recently drought years specially in warm and dry regions like south of iran. This paper is conducted to propose ANN-ABC mixture algorithm in order to forecast the future discharge of Tang-e Karzin hydrometric station located in sub domain of salman farsi dam. A Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN) was utilized to forecast the future discharge of a case study station using the 36 past years discharge information. Moreover, Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) optimization algorithm was applied within the training phase of the ANN network to optimize the weights of the MLP network. Through substitution of parameters of hidden layer (kind of activation function and number of neurons) of the neural network, best combination of parameters found in the first phase of the algorithm. Next in the second phase, artificial bee colony algorithm was used to find the global solution of the objective function of the problem. Simulation results indicated that ABC algorithm could significantly improve the neural network results.
Real‐world management of juvenile autoimmune liver disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and aims Juvenile autoimmune liver disease (JAILD) includes paediatric forms of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis (ASC). Since evidence is scarce, there are currently no evidence‐based management guidelines for juvenile AIH. This survey was carried out amongst the paediatric members of the International AIH Group (IAIHG) to describe their practices in the management of JAILD. Methods An online survey questionnaire was distributed to members of the IAIHG with active practice ( https://www.surveymonkey.de/r/Juvenile_AILD ). The questionnaire consisted of four clinical scenarios on different presentations of AIH. Results Fifty‐eight surveys were sent to the IAIHG members, out of which 43 (74%, 22 countries, four continents) were returned. None reported budesonide as a first‐line induction agent for the acute presentation of AIH. Sixteen (37%) routinely perform liver biopsy at three years of biochemical remission. Thirty‐five respondents (81%) perform magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) at presentation. Ciclosporin is the most widely used second‐line agent (number of patients treated = ∼360, 21 centres). Mycophenolate mofetil ( n = ∼225, 31 centres), tacrolimus ( n = ∼130, 21 centres) and sirolimus ( n = ∼5, 3 centres) are less often reported. Rescue therapy with infliximab and rituximab has been tried in eight centres ( n = ∼19) and nine centres ( n = ∼16), respectively. Conclusions Prednisolone remains the preferred first‐line induction agent in JAILD. MRC at presentation is performed by the large majority of participants. Participants reported a wide variation in performing liver biopsy for therapy evaluation during follow‐up. Within the paediatric members of the IAIHG there is considerable experience with second‐line therapeutic agents.
Vapour Pressure of Arsenic

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The sublimation pressure of pure arsenic was measured by a transportation method in the temperature range 675–730 K. The specimen and carrier argon gas were carefully prepared to eliminate oxygen. The arsenic tetramer (As4) was assumed to be the dominant gaseous species evaporated from pure solid arsenic.The vapour pressure for the process As(s)⇌1/4 As4(g) can be expressed by logP (Pa) = 13.674 − 7710/T. The standard enthalpy change is ∆H 2980 = 39.1 ± 0.6 kJmol−1. Résumé La pression de la sublimation d'arsenic pur a été determiné par une méthode de transportation dans une gamme de températures comprises entre 675 et 730 K. L'échantillon et le gaz inerte ont été préparé prudemment pour éliminer l'oxygène. Il était présumé que l'espèce gazeux prédominante évaporé d'arsenic pur était l'arsenic [As]4. La pression de la vapeur pour As(s)⇌1/4 As4(g) peut être exprimée par logP (Pa) = 13.674 − 7710/T. La change de l'enthalpie standard est ∆H 2980 = 39.1 ± 0.6 kJmol−1.
One day ahead prediction of wind speed based on power and exponential

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a new model for predicting wind speed. This technique is based on using a power and a exponential model relating the predicted interval to its corresponding one-year old data. The accuracy of the model for predicting wind speeds and directions up to 24 h ahead have been investigated using two sets of data. Generated results are compared with reference [1]. The presented results validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed prediction model for wind speed.
Relativistic Hydrodynamics at RHIC and LHC

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Recent development of a hydrodynamic model is discussed by putting an emphasis on realistic treatment of the early and late stages in relativistic heavy ion collisions. The model, which incorporates a hydrodynamic description of the quark-gluon plasma with a kinetic approach of hadron cascades, is applied to analysis of elliptic flow data at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider energy. It is predicted that the elliptic flow parameter based on the hybrid model increases with the collision energy up to the Large Hadron Collider energy.
SH1902234.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cucullia oribac , n. sp.—General type of maculation like agua , differing, however, in important particulars; moreover, it seems to be of a less stumpy, stocky build, the wings being longer in proption to their width and the abdomen considerably longer. It is quite possible that it may be but a variety of agua , and were it not for the fact that the species of Cucullia, as a rule, run quite true to type I should hesitate to describe it.
Poliovirus binding to its receptor in lipid bilayers results in particle-specific, temperature-sensitive channels

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Poliovirus (PV) infection starts with binding to its receptor (PVR), followed by a receptor-aided, temperature-sensitive conformational change of the infectious particle (sedimenting at 160S) to a particle which sediments at 135S. Reported in this communication is the successful incorporation into lipid bilayers of two forms of the receptor: the full-length human receptor and a modified clone in which the extracellular domains of the receptor were fused to a glycosylphosphatidylinositol tail. Addition of virus (160S) to receptor-containing bilayers leads to channel formation, whereas no channels were observed when the receptor-modified viral particle (135S) was added. Increasing the temperature from 21 to 31 °C led to a 10-fold increase in the magnitude of the single channel conductance, which can be interpreted as a conformational change in the channel structure. A mutant PV with an amino acid change in VP4 (one of the coat proteins) which is defective in genome uncoating failed to produce channels, suggesting that VP4 might be involved in the channel architecture. These studies provide the first electrophysiological characterization of the interactions between poliovirus and its receptor incorporated into a lipid bilayer membrane. Furthermore, they form the foundation for future studies aiming at defining the molecular architecture of the virus–receptor complex.
European Union Competition Law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Competition law disciplines the conduct of undertakings in the market, as long as the conduct is ‘significant for the market’. For this reason, it has been said that the central concern and the cornerstone of the antitrust and merger control rules is the creation or strengthening of market power. Chapter 5 presents some of the common features of EU competition law that are relevant in all modes of transport and have come back in all cases before the Commission and the Courts, including market definition, market power, and competition between different modes of transport. The chapter also gives the historical perspective on the application of the competition rules to this sector, from initially systematic non-application to eventual coverage along the same lines as other sectors of the economy. It describes the procedural rules applying to antitrust, merger control, and State aid cases.
Reply on RC2

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The horizontal and temporal variations of static stability prior to blocking onset are characterized through composite analysis of twenty blocking events in the Southern Hemisphere. It is found that, along with a low potential vorticity (PV) anomaly formation, a local minimum of static stability in the upper troposphere and on the tropopause is achieved over the block-onset region when blocking onset takes place. By partitioning the isentropic PV into the absolute vorticity and static stability contributions, it is found that they account for roughly 70 % and 30 % of low-PV anomaly formation over the block-onset region, respectively. A static stability budget analysis revealed that the decrease of static stability in the upper troposphere and on the tropopuase prior to blocking onset is attributable to horizontal advection of low static stability from subtropics to midlatitude as well as the stretching effect associated with upper-level convergence over the block-onset region, with the horizontal advection forcing being the primary contributor. On the other hand, the vertical advection of static stability tends to oppose the decreasing static stability through advecting more stable air downward such that it stabilizes the local air over the block-onset region. Furthermore, the direct effect of diabatic heating is negligible as its magnitude is generally an order of magnitude smaller than other effects in the static stability budget. Nevertheless, the indirect effect of diabatic heating, manifested as the advection of low static stability by diabatically forced upper-tropospheric outflow, greatly favors blocking onsets by destabilizing the air upstream block-onset region.
Processing of Regular and Irregular Inflections in Highly Proficient Second Language Learners ofKorean: Evidence from a Priming Experiment

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study investigated how L2 Korean advanced learners process regularly and irregularly inflected forms of Korean verbs, and whether this processing mechanism follows a single mechanism account or a dual mechanism account. In addition, it examined the effect of the learner’s working memory capacity on the reaction time or/and the accuracy rate in the chosen priming tasks. The patterns of facilitation on present tense verb targets were examined in three experiments. In the study, there were 72 participants with TOPIK level 6, who performed three lexical decision tasks with either a masked visual prime presented during 43ms (Experiment 1) or 230ms (Experiment 2) or an auditory prime (Experiment 3). Next, the priming for six different types of verbal inflections were compared: regular verbs with no orthographical or phonological changes, regular verbs with only phonological changes to their stem, regular verbs with only orthographical changes, irregular verbs with their stem omitted or alternated, irregular verbs with changes in their endings and irregular verbs with changes in both their stem and endings. The study found determined that (i) no priming effects in either regular or irregular inflections revealed in most conditions, which supports a single mechanism account, and (ii) the influence of working memory capacity of L2 learners showed as higher the working memory was, faster the reaction time was completed in those cases.
Constructivism in Qira'ah Learning for Arabic Language Development Students at UMM

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Reading skills play a crucial role as the basis for mastering other language skills, especially in understanding Arabic texts more deeply. Mastery of this skill allows students to interpret reading content, identify sentence structures, and enrich vocabulary. The application of constructivism theory in the learning process of reading skills at the Arabic Language Development Program of UMM supports the strengthening of students' understanding of reading skills, which is reflected in the improvement of their exam results. This research uses a qualitative approach and the method used is a case study. Then the data collection was done through observation, interview and documentation. The purpose of this study is to explain how the process of applying the theory of constructivism in learning reading skills in students of the Arabic Language Development Program at Muhammadiyah University of Malang. This research uses a qualitative approach and the method used is a case study. Then the data collection was done through observation, interview and documentation. After the data is collected, the data is analyzed by means of data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results of this study indicate that the application of constructivism theory in learning reading skills in the Arabic Language Development Program.
Contrast Sensitivity of Vertical Vergence Eye Alignment

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to measure the response of vertical vergence eye movement to bandpass filtered noise of various spatial frequencies and contrasts. The results of our previous experiment in which we measured the contrast sensitivities using vertical vergence response to sine-wave gratings suggested that vertical vergence responses were robust for middle spatial frequencies (0.5 to 4 cycles per degree). However, the responses to higher and lower spatial frequencies were weaker. The weak responses at higher spatial frequencies could have been due to matching ambiguity of the gratings in the two eyes. So, to eliminate this ambiguity we used bandpass filtered noise as the stimulus to measure the contrast sensitivity of vertical vergence eye alignment. Methods: Subjects were 2 adults with normal vision. A Dual Purkinje image eye tracker was used for eye tracking. Vertical vergence was measured in response to full-screen bandpass filtered noise patterns of all orientations with one-octave bandwidth. A block of trials comprised combinations of 8 contrasts [0%, 1%, 2%,4%,8%,16%,32%,64%] and 8 spatial frequencies [0.125, 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4, 8 ,16 cpd] presented in shuffled order. Various Oculometric functions (AUC, Percent Correct, Weibull fit, Vergence amplitudes) were created to determine the oculometric CSFs. The psychophysical CSF was obtained with a 2AFC staircase method for the same spatial frequencies using bandpass filtered noise patterns as stimuli. Results: Vertical vergence responses were robust for middle spatial frequencies. The responses for higher spatial frequencies were weaker or absent, similar to the results with sine-wave gratings. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that matching ambiguity was not the primary limiting factor in the response of vertical vergence at higher spatial frequencies, despite being easily detected psychophysically. Further research is needed to understand why vertical vergence does not show a response at higher spatial frequencies.
Metabolic Products of Fungi. XV. Pachymic Acid, a Constituent of"Bukuryo"(Fu Ling ?? ?? ), a Sclerotium of Poria cocos (SCHW.) WOLF.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Pachymic acid which was isolated by Nakanishi, et al. from a Chinese drug"Bukuryo (Fu Ling)"(a sclerotium of Poria cocos (SCHW.) WOLF) has been proved to be 3β-O-acetyl-polyporenic acid-B.