jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Switching volume change and recording performance correlation for weakly coupled exchange spring media

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We employed a new field sweep ratio dependence analysis method on the polar Kerr loop of exchange spring media to estimate the short time switching field, H0, and thermal stability factor, KUV/kBT, at various normalized Kerr signal levels, M, using modified Sharrock’s equation. For weakly coupled media, we observed that large switching volume changes around a “kink” in the Kerr loops. We observed a rapid increase in the KUV/kBT values before the kink, which suggests rapid switching of large areas of the soft layer via domain wall propagation. Small interfacial decoupling in exchange spring media between the soft and hard layers showed large degradation in media writability.
CP-061 A cross-sectional survey of the profile and activities of Antimicrobial Management Teams in Irish hospitals

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

<sec><st>Background</st> Surveillance of antimicrobial prescribing, in order to control the increase in antimicrobial resistance, is recommended by the Guidelines for Antimicrobial Stewardship in Hospitals in Ireland. </sec> <sec><st>Purpose</st> To determine the profile and activities of antimicrobial management teams (AMTs) in Irish Hospitals by surveying hospital pharmacists. </sec> <sec><st>Materials and methods</st> A self-completion postal questionnaire, which was piloted to test content and validity, was issued to all hospital Pharmacy Departments in Ireland (n = 70, 70% public). Results were analysed using STATA. </sec> <sec><st>Results</st> The response rate was 73% (n = 51, 71% public). 57% (n = 29) of hospitals have an AMT in place with 93% (27) having a Consultant Medical Microbiologist, 24% (n = 7) having a Consultant in Infectious Diseases and 69% (20) having an Antimicrobial Pharmacist. There is an antimicrobial prescribing policy in place in 88% (45) of hospitals responding. Most policies have empirical treatment guidelines (98%), surgical prophylaxis guidelines (100%) and restricted use guidelines for selected antibiotics (73%). With regard to adherence, 80% (36) of replies report that the volume of antibiotics prescribed is monitored, 53% (24) conduct audits to measure appropriateness of all antibiotics prescribed and 49% (22) conduct audits of appropriate prescribing of restricted antibiotics. </sec> <sec><st>Conclusions</st> Around half of Irish hospitals do not have an AMT in place but most hospitals have an antimicrobial prescribing policy. Even though Consultants and Pharmacists are represented on most AMTs, audit and feedback of antibiotic prescribing activities is limited. A lack of resources was reported as the main barrier to antimicrobial surveillance by hospital pharmacists. No conflict of interest. </sec>
Wave propagation in laminates using the nonhomogenized dynamic method of cells: An alternative to standard finite-difference hydrodynamic approaches

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The nonhomogenized dynamic method of cells (NHDMOC) uses a truncated expansion for the particle displacement field; the expansion parameter is the local cell position vector. In the NHDMOC, specifying the cell structure is similar to specifying the spatial grid used in a finite-difference hydrodynamic calculation. The expansion coefficients for the particle displacement field are determined by the equation of motion, any relevant constitutive relations, plus continuity of traction and displacement at all cell boundaries. The authors derive and numerically solve the NHDMOC equations for the first, second, and third-order expansions, appropriate for modeling a plate-impact experiment. The performance of the NHDMOC is tested, at each order, for its ability to resolve a shock-wave front as it propagates through homogeneous and laminated targets. They find for both cases that the displacement field expansion converges rapidly: given the same cell widths, the first-order theory gives only a qualitative description of the propagating stress wave; the second-order theory performs much better; and the third-order theory gives small refinements over the second-order theory. The performance of the third-order NHDMOC is then compared to that of a standard finite-difference hydrodynamic calculation. The two methods differ in that the former uses a finite-difference solution to update the time dependence of the equations, whereas the hydrodynamic calculation uses finite-difference solutions for both the temporal and spatial variables. Both theories are used to model shock-wave propagation in stainless steel arising from high-velocity planar impact. To achieve the same high-quality resolution of the stress and particle velocity profiles, the NHDMOC consistently requires less fine spatial and temporal grids, and substantially less artificial viscosity to control unphysical high-frequency oscillations in the numerical solutions. Finally, the third-order NHDMOC theory is used to calculate the particle velocity for a shock-wave experiment involving an epoxy-graphite laminate. Constitutive relations suitable for the various materials are used. This includes linear and nonlinear elasticity, and when appropriate, viscoelasticity. The results agree well with the corresponding plate-impact experiment, and are compared to the second-order theory of Clements, Johnson, and Hixson.
A Debreceni Református Kollégium teológiai oktatásának története 1850–1912. A Teológiai Akadémia a Kollégium oktatási rendszerében

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The History of Theological Education at Debrecen Reformed College between 1850 and 1912. The changes in the educational system of Theology at Reformed College of Debrecen were heavily influenced by the political-social events of historic Hungary between 1850 and 1912. The first date signals the introduction of arbitrary rule of the Habsburg monarch who suppressed the Hungarians during the War of Independence in 1848-49. The closing date is the emergence of a new state run university in Debrecen. The study throws light on how the Organisations Entwurf tried to modernize as well as Germanize the education system in the Habsburg Empire. As a result, the traditional education structure at the College was entirely restructured. It brought about the disintegration of humanity and art faculty into a grammar school thereby only the law and theological faculties were left intact for a while. The Reformed Church District strongly protested against the dismantling its more than 300 years old education system.&nbsp; It is the irony of history what the oppressing Austrian could not achieve, it was realized after the Compromise by József Eötvös, the Hungarian minister of culture, religion and education. Needless to say that education at all levels needed to be modernized and standardized. It is clear that it had a positive impact on the curricula of Reformed theological education in the long run. The paper introduces briefly the life of theological professors, their career with a view to their studies abroad and finally their works at various departments of theology.&nbsp;
Evaluation of farmers’ socio-economic conditions and their influence on agrobiodiversity in Gharaviz area

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study evaluated the effects of farmers’ socio-economic conditions on crop biodiversity in three villages located within the non-hunting region of Gharaviz and four villages in the surrounding area in western Iran. Information used in the study was collected during farm visits and by way of questionnaires and interviews with farmers and agricultural experts in the region. The following parameters were used for evaluations; cultivated species, area under cultivation, farmer’s age, farmers’ level of education, and sources providing a farmer’s income. Results suggested that farmers’ average age in rural areas was 50 years and in terms of gender, men accounted for more than 87% of heads of households. Farmers’ level of education in the region showed that 44% of them were illiterate and the condition was undesirable. An average size of a household in all rural areas was 5.4 persons, indicating moderately sized families. The main source of income for farmers’ families was farming, which accounted for about 75% of their total income. Animal husbandry was identified as the second most important source of income for farmers. The correlation between these parameters and biodiversity indices showed that gender, education level, household size, and the percentage of a farmer’s income from cultivation all had an effect on biodiversity indices in the area.
A Critical Media Analysis of Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Examination of Symptom Presentation on Sesame Street

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The present analysis examines the diagnostic accuracy of the depiction of a child character described as having autism. Specifically, the depiction of the character Julia from the popular children’s television program Sesame Street was examined in the context of DSM5, 2013 diagnostic criteria for autism. This research study will specifically consider the television program Sesame Street, and its newest Muppet character, Julia. Specifically, this will be a look at how Julia is interacting with her peers and a critical content analysis observing if she creates inclusion, while looking at the criteria for an autism within the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM5). It was hypothesized that Julia would meet the full criteria for an Autism diagnosis. Julia demonstrated clear behavioral dysregulation associated with Criterion A.1, A.2, and A.3. Limitations associated with this research study are also discussed. Although Julia does not present an entirely accurate clinical picture of an autism, the inclusion of a character with autism is valuable in teaching young children about neurodiversity.
Additional file 8: Figure S5. of Sub-clinical detection of gut microbial biomarkers of obesity and type 2 diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Scatter plots of data collected for the Human Microbiome Project [22] for (A) blood pressure vs. M. smithii abundance and (B) BMI vs. E. sireum. In our data, both these associations have a threshold-like behavior, however this is not observed in the HMP data [21]. (PDF 3520 kb)
The Irish electorate, 1868–1915

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Between 1801 and 1921 Ireland in common with the rest of the British Isles was represented in the house of commons at Westminster. During this time the basis of the Irish representation underwent considerable change both in relation to the number of Irish M.P.s, electors and population and in comparison with the number of M.P.s, electors and population for Great Britain. The purpose of this article ir, by means of statistical tables, to analyse the Irish electorate between 1868 and 1915 and in particular to show the effect of the electoral reforms of 1868 and 1884–5. The electorate of Ireland will be viewed not only in the context of the separate Irish constituencies and the proportion of electors to adult males and population in each but also in the context of the whole of the British Isles and the total number of electors and population with the proportion of electors to population in each country. As well the average number of electors and population per M.P. for the different countries will be shown.
Xiaoping Fang, China and the Cholera Pandemic: Restructuring Society under Mao

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Georg Simmel once commented that secrecy is a prerequisite of social control. China and the Cholera Pandemic reveals the veracity of this assertion by delving into the connection between power and secrecy. As Xiaoping Fang notes, academics studying Mao-era public health history have encountered difficulties regarding historical evidence stemming from classified records and historiographical frameworks derived from ideological taboo. Chinese government treats cholera prevention in 1961–1965 as confidential and therefore access to the core archives is still strictly regulated today. Additionally, historians struggle to reconcile divergent viewpoints when writing about epidemic diseases in an authoritarian political context. Some Western scholars tend to have an uncritical acceptance of the narrative pattern of ideological manipulation under totalitarian realpolitik, while many Chinese researchers appear to be too constrained by their political stands to give a comprehensive explanation. Despite all of these conundrums, Fang makes headway with the understanding of social control under Mao....
Genome-wide association study of full body nevus count in the Brisbane Twin Nevus Study (BTNS)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The project uses the Brisbane Twin Nevus Study (BTNS) (N=3863)) to compare nevus counts on different anatomical sites to assess which anatomical site serves as best proxy for counting nevi on the whole body.In the project, a GWAS of nevus count on the whole body and GWAS of nevus count on the outer arm are performed.Here is the GWAS of total nevus count. Sample: GWAS analysis only includes samples of European ancestry. total nevus count were counted by trained research nurse. Genotype: All genotypes were imputed to a human haplotype map (HapMap) reference panel. Genome-wide association analyses were performed using Genome-wide Efficient Mixed model Association (GEMMA), which can account for genetically related individuals such as twins and siblings. Sex, age, age2, sex*age, sex*age2, sunburn, BSA, sun exposed hours weighted by UV index and 5 PCs, additionally two batch effect variables; were included as covariates. SNP imputation quality filter retained SNP with an INFO > 0.3. minor allele frequency frequency filter was applied to retain SNP MAF > 0.1 Columns include: CHR: Chromosome BP: Base pair SNP: rsID A1: Effect allele A2: Non-effect allele A1FQ: Effect allele frequency HWE: Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium BETA: Effect estimate (of effect allele_ SEB: Standard error of beta PRB: P value N: Per SNP sample size
Multi-mode Pixel Architectures for Large Area Real-Time X-ray Imaging

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The goal of this work is to extend the state-of-the-art in digital medical X-ray imaging as it pertains to real-time, low-noise imaging and multi-mode imager functionality. One focus of this research in digital flat-panel imagers is to increase the detective quantum efficiency, particularly at low X-ray exposures, in order to enable low-noise imaging applications such as fluoroscopy or tomographic mammography. Another focus of this research is in the creation of a multi-mode imager, such as a combined radiographic and fluoroscopic (R&F) imager, which will reduce hospital costs, both in terms of equipment acquisition and storage space. \nTo that end, we propose a novel three-transistor multi-mode digital flat-panel imager with a dynamic range capable for use in R&F applications, with a particular focus on noise optimization for low-noise real-time digital flat-panel X-ray fluoroscopy. This work involves the derivation and optimization of the total input referred noise of an active pixel sensor (APS) in terms of the on-pixel thin-film transistor device dimensions. It is determined that in order to minimize noise, all non-transistor capacitances at the pixel sense node needed to be minimized. This leads to a design where the on-pixel storage capacitance is eliminated; and instead the gate capacitance of the sense-node transistor is used to store the incoming X-ray converted charge. This work allows researchers to gain insight into the fundamental noise operation of active pixels used in medical imaging, and to appropriately choose device dimensions. Due to the inherent large feature sizes of thin-film transistors, active pixel flat-panel X-ray medical imagers offer lower resolution than their film-screen counterparts. By demonstrating the desirability of smaller device dimensions for reduced noise and the elimination of a storage capacitor, this research frees some of the area constraints that exist in active pixel flat-panel imagers, allowing for smaller pixels, and thus higher resolution medical imagers. The noise analysis and optimization as a function of pixel TFT device dimensions in this work is applicable to any amorphous silicon (a-Si) based charge-sensitive pixel, and is easily extended to other device technologies such as polysilicon (poly-Si). \niv \nIn addition, experimental results of a 64x64 pixel four-transistor APS imaging array fabricated in a-Si technology and mated with an a-Se photoconductor for use in medical X-ray imaging is presented. MTF results and transient response in the presence of X-rays (image lag) for the APS array are poor, which is ascribed to high charge trapping at the silicon nitride/a-Se interface. Improvements to the silicon nitride passivation layer and pixel layout are suggested to reduce this charge trapping. The prototype imager is compared directly with a state-of-the-art a-Si PPS imaging array and demonstrates good SNR performance for X-ray exposures down to 1.5μR. Pixel design and fabrication process improvements are suggested for low-exposure APS testing and improved low-noise performance.
Ultrastructure of the Nonciliated Bronchiolar Epithelial (Clara) Cell of Mammalian Lung: II. A Comparison of Horse, Steer, Sheep, Dog, and Cat

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Two morphologic characteristics have been used to define the nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial cell: abundant agranular endoplasmic reticulum (AER) and membrane-bound avoid granules. To assess the ultrastructural homogeneity of this cell type in the lungs of large domestic mammals used as experimental models in pulmonary research, we evaluated lungs of horse, steer, sheep, dog, and cat. Bronchioles of known anatomic location were examined by electron microscopy following fixation by airway infusion at standard pressure and processing by selective embedding techniques. Nonciliated bronchiolar epithelium of the horse and sheep had numerous avoid granules (averaging above 15 per cell) and abundant AER. Granules were scarce (averaging less than 2 per cell) in steer and dog and absent in cat. AER was minimal in these species compared to horse and sheep. Glycogen was the dominant cytoplasmic feature in steer, dog, and cat, variable in sheep and rare in horse. Large mitochondria with few cristae and densely staining matrix were present only in cat. We concluded that nonciliated bronchiolar cells of horse and sheep were similar in essential features to this cell type in laboratory mammals, having granules and AER in abundance, while those of steer, dog, and cat were not.
Measurements of Escaping Fast Particles Using a Thin-Foil Charge Collector

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Two screened, thin-foil charge collectors were mounted just beyond the plasma edge at an outboard position (below midplane) in the Joint European Torus to detect lost alpha particles during the 1997 high fusion power D-T experiments. No convincing observations of alpha-particle collection were obtained, possibly because of the low level of alpha-particle losses but more probably because the positioning of the detector was not ideal for the high fusion power discharges that were run at high plasma current and toroidal field. Under such conditions, alpha particles on escaping orbits leading toward the detector are highly likely to be intercepted by the nearby poloidal limiter. Moreover, a small alpha-particle signal would have been obscured by interference from a large and unexpected signal attributed here to fast neutrals, leaving the plasma and ionizing in the low density scrape-off region outside the plasma boundary. The interpretation of this unexpected signal is discussed. In all probability, it will also be encountered in any future attempts to detect lost alpha particles in a current measuring detector unless suitable precautions are taken, e.g., provision of a thin first foil to remove light charged particles with energies below ~0.5 MeV.
Dynamic modelling and intelligent control of a flying machine : part 1

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs) are commonly used for military purposes. In the recent years, UAVs have gained world-wide interest and the field has been evolving due to the advancements in technology. These advancements thus allow UAVs to be used in commercial industries as well. The objective of this project is to build an intelligent quadcopter with optimal flight performance and high stability. The report covers the research and development of a quadcopter. The design and construction of the quadcopter are also discussed in detail. Modifications are made to the structure of the quadcopter to enhance its capability and flight performance to perform various tasks such as precise payload dropping and flying through a door with plastic chain curtain. This project took part in Singapore Amazing Flying Machine Competition (SAFMC) 2015 and successfully won a Silver Medal in the Semi-Autonomous Category.
Defect characteristic and pathogeny analysis of existing concrete bridges

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

According to detection for existing 21 concrete bridges of a speedway in Chongqing city,existing concrete bridges have many defects,such as,poor appearance of girder concrete,many cracks emerged at the bottom of concrete girder,girder of curve bridge slipped,reveal of anchor head of prestressed reinforcement and steel strand,cracks emerged at pier and coping,shearing deformation occurred at the abutment.Causes of these defects are analyzed in detail.It is instructional for perfecting design theory of concrete bridge,construction techniques,monitoring and maintenance of bridge operational period.
Molecular Paneling via Coordination:  Guest-Controlled Assembly of Open Cone and Tetrahedron Structures from Eight Metals and Four Ligands

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTMolecular Paneling via Coordination: Guest-Controlled Assembly of Open Cone and Tetrahedron Structures from Eight Metals and Four LigandsKazuhiko Umemoto, Kentaro Yamaguchi, and Makoto FujitaView Author Information The Graduate University for Advanced Studies Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan Chemical Analysis Center, Chiba University Yayoicho, Inageku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST) Chikusaku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 29, 7150–7151Publication Date (Web):July 11, 2000Publication History Received24 April 2000Published online11 July 2000Published inissue 26 July 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja001411ihttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja001411irapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2326Altmetric-Citations118LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Crystal structure,Ligands,Mixtures,Molecules Get e-Alerts