jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Culturally appropriate social work practice : perceptions among social workers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper acknowledges that culturally appropriate social work practice does not take place on a regular and consistent basis by social workers in the field. An aspect of social work practice is concerned with helping individuals, families, groups, and communities in need of assistance for a variety of reasons. This quantitative research study investigates culturally appropriate social work practice in the social work field. Minority persons and groups are prevalent in Vancouver and the South Fraser Region. It is important to appreciate and understand their experiences and respond to their needs through culturally appropriate social work practice. In this thesis, I present the different concepts related to culturally appropriate social work practice, different theoretical viewpoints, and the results of my quantitative research with social workers on this subject matter. I examine the research results in relation to the literature and research. I discuss the responses from the questionnaires that were distributed to social workers to explore their knowledge, perceptions, and experiences of culturally appropriate social work practice. The research results show that social workers are challenged when providing services to culturally diverse clients. Communication barriers such as differences in cultures, language, a lack of education and appreciation of culture and diversity, cultural insensitivity on the part of the practitioner, lack of support in the workplace, personal and institutional biases, and system ineffectiveness prevent culturally appropriate social work practice from taking place. The research findings suggest that social workers from the sample are aware of the concept of "culturally sensitive social work practice". However, many of them are not confident in carrying out this type of practice due to the various reasons mentioned above. The social workers state that more specialised training on this subject is needed. I present ideas on how the MCFD can improve culturally appropriate social work practice in the field. The findings suggest that the MCFD needs to be more accountable to culturally diverse clients by providing more in-depth and appropriate training regarding culturally appropriate social work practice to its employees, which includes management, policy developers, and front line staff.
The ‘noncommunicable disease space’: ethnographies of conferences, advocacy and outrage

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are a complex category composed of five diseases and five behavioural and environmental risk factors. These are, in turn, represented by multiple constituencies and communities of expertise and interest. This fractured landscape is evidenced by and magnified through an abject lack of conferences devoted to the category of NCDs. One of the very few is the NCD Alliance Forum, most recently held in February 2020 in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. With the first Forum held in 2015 and another in 2017, these events offer powerful insight into the key actors, advocacy strategies, debates and aspirations of those working in the ‘NCD space’. Using the Forum as its object of research and analysis, this paper critically reflects on two persistent questions facing NCD advocates. First, how might NCDs be more like infectious diseases in cultivating a sense of urgency and action? Second, is NCD advocacy a ‘movement’ or a ‘community’ of loosely connected actors? Set against the emerging COVID-19 outbreak, which at the time of the Forum was limited to China and a handful of other countries, the Forum offered a unique opportunity to reflect upon the significant challenges facing NCD advocates across global north and south. COVID-19 only highlights how rising rates of NCDs have made global populations vulnerable to emerging infectious diseases. Yet, as the paper concludes, with the COVID-19 pandemic continuing to rage, the future of NCD advocacy and funding looks ever more fragile even as evidence of its need continues to grow.
Protective effects of HOE642, a selective sodium-hydrogen exchange subtype 1 inhibitor, on cardiac ischaemia and reperfusion

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

HOE642 is a very selective NHE subtype 1 inhibitor showing cardioprotective and antiarrhythmic effects in ischaemic and reperfused hearts. Further development of well tolerated compounds like HOE642 could lead to a new therapeutic approach in clinical indications related to cardiac ischaemia and reperfusion.
Hydrogen-Rich Water Treatment of Fresh-Cut Kiwifruit with Slightly Acidic Electrolytic Water: Influence on Antioxidant Metabolism and Cell Wall Stability

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The synergistic impact of hydrogen-rich water (HRW, 394 ppb) and slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW, pH of 6.25 ± 0.19) on the antioxidant metabolism of fresh-cut kiwifruit during storage was investigated (temperature: (3 ± 1) °C, humidity: 80%–85%). Compared with control group, H+S treatment increased the contents of active oxygen-scavenging enzymes (SOD, CAT, POD, and APX) and inhibited the increase of O2•− and H2O2 contents during the storage of fresh-cut kiwifruit. Meanwhile, H+S treatment could reduce the activities of the cell wall-degrading enzymes PG, PME, PL, Cx, and β-Gal, inhibit the formation of soluble pectin, delay the degradation rate of propectin, cellulose, and pseudocellulose, and maintain higher fruit hardness and chewability. The results showed that H+S treatment could enhance free radical scavenging ability and reduce the cell wall metabolism of fresh-cut kiwifruit, maintaining the good texture found in fresh-cut fruit.
Author comment: Phylogenetic diversity in conservation: A brief history, critical overview, and challenges to progress — R1/PR6

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Species that are evolutionarily distinct have long been valued for their unique and irreplaceable contribution to biodiversity. About 30 years ago, this idea was extended to the concept of phylogenetic diversity (PD): a quantitative, continuous-scale index of conservation value for a set of species, calculated by summing the phylogenetic branch lengths that connect them. This way of capturing evolutionary history has opened new opportunities for analysis, and has therefore generated a huge academic literature, but to date has had only limited impact on conservation practice or policy. In this review, I present a brief historical overview of PD research. I then examine the empirical evidence for the primary rationale of PD that it is the best proxy for “feature diversity,” which includes both known and unknown phenotypic characters, contributing to utilitarian value, ecosystem function, future resilience, and evolutionary potential. Surprisingly, it is only relatively recently that this rationale has been subject to systematic empirical scrutiny, and to date, there are mixed results on the connection between PD and phenotypic diversity. Finally, I examine the least well-studied, but potentially greatest challenge for PD: its dependence on the reliability of phylogenetic inference itself. The very few studies that have investigated this so far show that the ranking of species assemblages by their PD values can vary substantially under alternative, routine, phylogenetic methods and assumptions. If PD is to become more widely adopted into conservation decision-making, it will be important to better understand the conditions under which it performs well, and those under which it performs poorly.
Cancer ablation by high intensity focused ultrasound

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) is a promising non-invasive clinical tool in the field of clinical studies. This technique allows a precise generation of small shaped lesions within a localised tissue target upon ablation. The main mechanism of HIFU includes thermal and mechanical effects in which operating parameters play an important role during the treatment. Due to the variance of HIFU parameters during ablation, it results in different characteristics of lesion growth sizes. An increase in duty cycle and ablation time sees an increase in lesion size while a change in pulse repetitive frequency shows no significant trend in the lesions growth size. In addition with a vessel with different flow rates through the area of ablation, a faster flow rate would enhance heat dissipation of the thermal effects during the process thus generating smaller lesions. With the concept of heat dissipation, a vessel with bigger inner diameter also yield a smaller lesion. Mechanical effects of HIFU, also known as cavitations (both stable and inertia), is in the form of microbubbles. Due to high acoustic and pressure, these microbubbles coalesce and collapse in a random manner during the ablation, producing shockwaves that damages the tissue cells within the localised area of treatment. These microbubble activities are measured by a passive cavitation detector (PCD). Interchanging parameters yield different characteristics of microbubble activities. Due to the primary concerns of the safety of patients using HIFU as a clincal treatment for the removal of tumors, in-depth understanding and real time feedback monitoring of the lesion and bubble cavitation activities present at the localised area of treatment is vital as it enhances the efficacy and efficiency of HIFU therapy.
A methodology of characterizing status and trend of land changes in oases: A case study of Sangong River watershed, Xinjiang, China

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Land change is often studied with Markov, models to develop a probability transition matrix. The existing methods dependent Oil Such matrixes cannot effectively characterize some important aspects associated with land change such as status, direction. trend and regional variations. This study presents mathematical models to quantify these elements, defining unbalanced, quasi-balanced and balanced status, one- and two-way transitions and the rising or falling trends. Using these models and remote-sensing imageries, the landscape was studied for a case area, the oasis of Sangong River in Xinjiang, Northwest China where typical and conditions prevail. Land expansion and contraction among various land types and for the entire oasis were analyzed for the periods of 1978-1987. 1978-1998 and 1987-1998. The changes were closely related to a strong economic growth after the land-reform campaign and adoption of the market economy in China in the 1980s to early 1990s a process not strictly Markovian that requires stationarity and randomness. Information on land-change status and trend is important for a better understanding of the underlying driving processes but also for land-Use planning and decision-making. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Phytochemical, antioxidant, and in-silico studies of Erigeron sumatrensis from Gayo Highlands as a potential inhibitor of Type-2 diabetes mellitus

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract. Puspa VR, Zumaidar, Nurdin, Fitmawati. 2024. Phytochemical, antioxidant, and in-silico studies of Erigeron sumatrensis from Gayo Highlands as a potential inhibitor of type-2 diabetes mellitus. Biodiversitas 25: 3179-3192. Erigeron sumatrensis Retz., a wild medicinal herb, was determined qualitatively and quantitatively for its leaf extract's phytochemical constituents and antioxidant capacity and to conduct computational studies. Secondary metabolites identified included flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, steroids, and alkaloids. The methanol fraction exhibited the greatest TPC (5945.45 mg GAE/g). Antioxidant activity, as determined by the ABTS assay, indicated a significant radical scavenging activity in the methanol fraction of E. sumatrensis leaves, with an IC50 value of 57.67 ?g/mL. In silico molecular docking revealed that cucurbitacin b, 25-desacetoxy-?-sitosterol, and ?-amyrin exhibited potential as ?-glucosidase inhibitors (PDB ID: 2QMJ). The same compounds demonstrated inhibitory properties against ?-amylase (PDB ID: 2QV4), with acarbose as a positive control with a binding energy of -7.8 kcal/mol. The ADMET profiles indicated compliance with Lipinski's rule of five for all compounds, suggesting their suitability as an orally administered drug. Based on these findings, E. sumatrensis has excellent potential as a source of raw materials for antidiabetic drug formulation, so it needs to be further investigated for pharmaceutical applications.
AI-Powered Paradigm Shift

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Recent alarming data and projections have elevated Alzheimer's disease (AD) to the status of a silent pandemic. Researchers are now focusing on less invasive treatments due to the drawbacks of invasive methods and the ineffectiveness of clinical trials. This highlights the increasing importance of developing non-invasive methods for the early diagnosis of AD. However, computerized analysis of the massive amounts of data produced presents obstacles that might impede progress toward an early AD diagnosis. Therefore, to overcome these obstacles, combining AI with deep learning is essential. To usher in a new era of non-invasive medicine, this work seeks to investigate the present state of these methods for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis, with the hope of harnessing the power of these tools and using the mountain of non-invasive data that exists. The purpose of this study is to compile all published reports on AI-based Alzheimer's disease detection over the past few years.
The Consumption of Wild Edible Plants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Wild edible plants are of great importance in both former and current human societies. Their use embodies evolutionary trends, continuing interactions between men and nature, relevant traditional knowledge, and cultural heritage. A conceptual approach to wild edible plants, including the contribution of such species to people's diets and daily lives, focusing on nutritional and cultural value, food sovereignty and security, as well as the huge legacy for future generations, leads to a general overview of new tendencies and availability of wild plant resources according to geographic regions. The potential benefits and the continual need for conservation strategies of plants, habitats, and associated knowledge are also discussed, enhancing biodiversity and biocultural patrimony. Finally, some examples of culturally significant edible wild plants are described, emphasizing the importance of knowledge transmission and sustainable uses in a changing world.
Simvastatin on the effect of the concentrations of NO,ET& Tc in the ischemia cardiopathy with hypercholesterolemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To study the effect of Simvastatin on the serum concentrations of nitric oxide(NO), endothelin(ET) total cholesterol (Tc) in the ischemia cardiopathy with hypercholesterolemia. Methods The 32 cases of ischemia cardiopathy with hyperc-holesterolemia were treated by Simvastatin 20mg for 12 weeks. The serum concentrations of NO,ETTc were observed respectively and these serum concentration of the patients treated be compared with that of the patients in the comparing group(n=30). Results The levels of serum concentrations of ET,Tc in these patients treated by Simvastatin were decreased significantly after 12 weeks (P 0.01) the serum levels of NO of these cases were showed higher(P0.05).Otherwise the levels of serum concentrations of NO,ET, Tc of those cases in the comparing group had no significant after 12 weeks (P0.05). Conclusion Simvastatin had the effects on decreasing the serum concentrations of Tc in the patients of ischemia cardiopathy with hypercholesterolemia,it can rise the serum levels of NO and decrease the serum levels of ET, ameliorate the effect of the endothelium as well.
Legal Repair: Domesticating European Legislation on Pig Welfare

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Our daily activities rely on a proliferating number of things that are subject to decay. As stressed in a growing body of literature, repair is critical to the smooth functioning of material infrastructure. However, this scholarship has overlooked a crucial dimension: things become fragile not only due to material degradation but also as a result of regulatory change. This article introduces the notion of “legal repair” to describe how, in the face of legal change, certain actors reassemble the material world. We elaborate on this concept through an analysis of the domestication of European Union (EU) animal welfare legislation by the French pig sector. While it was feared that stricter pig housing standards would fragilize the existing farms, pig farmers complied using technical systems that failed to significantly improve animal welfare. We analyze this domestication of EU legislation as a process of legal repair. Alongside the political work of the leaders of the pig sector, agricultural advisers also played a key role. Their work reveals the relational nature of legal repair: in the production of “local specifications” matching the demands of existing farming systems, in the negotiation of the finer points of the legislation, and in the redefinition of farming performance.
On the mechanism of expulsion of helminths.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In rats infected with larvae of the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, treatment from day 9 to day 19 with the chemical histamine-liberator, compound 48/80, produces a clear delay in worm expulsion. However, the number of mast cells in the epithelium of the jejunum is not markedly decreased by this treatment.
Effects of Bufalin and Related Cardiotonic Steroids in the Neuromuscular Junction

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Bufosteroids, bufalin (4−5 × 10−5 g/ml), cinobufagin (7 × 10−5) and resibufogenin (1 × 10−4) showed a neuromuscular block in rat isolated diaphragm preparations, while digitoxigenin and ouabain showed no such block. A block of the twitch induced by direct stimulation was observed in the denervated preparations only. Presumably, bufalin can be classified as a depolarizing blocking agent such as succinyl-choline, however, differed in the following: blocking effect was potentiated in a bath deficient in sodium ions; it was sensitive to stimulus frequency change; lower doses of bufalin increased the post-tetanic potentiation and antagonized the blocking effect induced by magnesium. These findings suggest that bufalin has a pre-synaptic effect presumably concerned with the bufalin-induced block.
Culicoides Latreille, 1809 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) species in the Western Black Sea Region of Turkey, new records for the Turkish fauna

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

&amp;nbsp; This study was carried out to detect biting midges of the Culicoides (Diptera: Nematocera: Ceratopogonidae) fauna in theWestern Black Sea Region of Turkey between June and August 2014. In this study, 34,047 Culicoides samples were captured and 35Culicoides species were identified. C. obsoletus (Meigen), 1818 was found to be the most dominant species. It was followed by C.picturatus Kremer &amp;amp; Deduit, 1961; C. punctatus (Meigen), 1804; and C. pulicaris (Linnaeus). All of the Culicoides species detected in thestudy were reported for the first time in the Western Black Sea Region. C. alazanicus Dzhafarov, 1961 and C. deltus Edwards, 1939 (C.lupicaris) were recorded as new records for the first time in Turkey.
Neurologic Manifestations of Viral Outbreaks

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Infectious outbreaks are commonly bacterial and food-borne and may become deadly due to sepsis. Viral outbreaks causing neurologic manifestations are primarily seasonal and are often bound to a geographic region. 1–5 The periodical presentation of these outbreaks may trigger a higher index of suspicion during certain months, but only when the number of affected patients quickly rises will it become clear that an outbreak is emerging. An increase in neurotropic Flavivirus infections transmitted by arthropods has been observed over the last decades, and neurons in both the brain and spinal cord can be the primary targets. There is a suggestion that climate change may be to some extent responsible for increased incidence of tick-borne encephalitis in Europe. 2,4 Intensivists and neurologists should become familiar with these viral outbreaks. Other vector-borne outbreaks are predominantly located in the tropics (dengue, schistosomiasis, and trypanomiasis) and not further considered.
Scrum-based Agile Maturity Assessment in Physical Product Development

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Agile methods are increasingly being implemented in physical product development disciplines, such as automotive development. Once agile methods have been successfully introduced, teams strive to determine the status quo of their agile maturity. For this purpose, agile maturity models have been developed, but these models primarily refer to software development. This work aims at deriving a model that is suitable for teams in physical product development and is based on the agile framework Scrum. The presented Agile Maturity Model consists of eleven dimensions and five levels. In addition, the dimensions that have a high influence on the agile maturity of teams were identified during a study. These are: Agile Events and Iterative Approach, Backlog Management, Team and Agile Values and Principles.
NEW DATA ON OZONE IN THE 5$\mu m$ RANGE: LINE STRENGTHS AND AIR BROADNING COEFFICIENTS

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

$^{1}$ C. SECROUN, A. BARBE, P. JOUVE, PH ARCAS, E. ARIE, J. Mol. Spectry., 84, 8-15 (1981)
Methodology of studying preferences among rural residents as element of procedure for public land management in rural areas

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Business activities conducted in rural areas are associated with crop cultivation, animal rearing and agricultural produce processing.The countryside residents, after hard work, should be offered a chance of having pleasant leisure time activities.In general, the ambient conditions in rural areas provide many opportunities, but the surroundings should be adapted as to allow the pursuit of various forms of recreation.Another reason justifying the allocation of some land in villages to recreational purposes is the need to satisfy expectations of holidaymakers, who increasingly often choose agritourism as a form of summer holiday.This article will discuss the methodology, which can be applied to exploring opinions of village residents and to processing data sets needed to identify the most desirable forms of the management of land for recreational purposes in the countryside, using a rural commune in north-eastern Poland as an example.This part of Poland has certain distinguishing features, including a low level of urbanisation, and the local residents responding to the survey suggested what type of investment projects would stimulate the further development of their commune.