jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Soil bacteria abundance in application of biopesticides (Bacillus aryabhattai) in swampland, South Kalimantan

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract In rice cultivation, farmers tend to use chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The prolonged intensive use of agrochemicals can decrease soil quality. Chemical pesticides can be replaced with biopesticides to maintain and improve soil fertility, also to prevent the attack of plant-disturbing organisms on crops. The aim of this study was to determine the total population abundance of soil bacteria and soil quality after the application of biopesticides in the swampland in Jejangkit District. This research was accomplished in Jejangkit District, Barito Kuala Regency, South Kalimantan, which started from June to December 2019. The study used a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three treatments and six replications. The treatments are Super Intensive and Actual Swamp (RAISA), Indonesian Agricultural Environment Research Institute’s (IAERI) Biopesticide, Galam Biopesticide. The variety of rice used is Inpara 2. The plot size is 900 m 2 by applying the Jarwo Planting system. The results revealed that the application of biopesticides could increase the total population of soil bacteria from 10 4 to 10 6 cfu mL −1 . Moreover, N and P nutrient content increase from low to moderate (0.19 to 0.4) % and (13.25 to 38.87) mg P 2 O 5 100g −1 , respectively.
Sugar mill drives - the latest improvements in gear and pinion manufacturing technology.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

THIS paper presents new designs, materials, heat-treatments, lubrication and insitu gear profile refurbishment procedures of gearing, as related to the sugar industry. Representing the current state of the art in power transmission, the following are all applicable to sugar industry mill and diffuser drives: (1.) Use of AGMA grade 2 forged material in the manufacture of fabricated gears. The use of this special material improves gear performance and allows for the more economical production with shorter lead-times of large fabricated gears. (2.) Application of tooth-by-tooth full contour induction hardening of gears and pinions to achieve case depths of up to 10 mm with hardnesses of up to 56 Rockwell C. (3.) A surface hardening carburising process which produces a higher hardness than previously achievable. Pinion teeth in the hardness range of 62 Rc have now been produced through the introduction of precipitated carbides during the process into the carburised surface layer. As the surface hardness increases the wear rates of gear and pinion teeth decreases and a longer fatigue life cycle is achieved. (4.) Planetary mill drives, multi-stage gearboxes shaft mounted to individual rolls which can greatly reduce downtime and operating costs. (5.) Modern lubricants, which extend the lifetimes of new and existing gear-sets by providing a reliable barrier between the mating gears during service. (6.) In-situ gear reconditioning procedures that use a combination of new hardened pinions, skilled hand re-working of the gear teeth, and application running-in lubricant. Highly successful results have been achieved to extend the life of existing gearing, which otherwise would have required costly replacement. These developments are discussed in conjunction with the best practices of gear and pinion manufacture, which have seen exceptional results achieved to the benefit of the sugar industry.
13- STUDY THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CULTURE MEDIA ON SOME FROZEN SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS OF IRAQI BLACK LOCAL GOAT SPERMATOZOA

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The semen was collected from five adult Iraqi black local bucks by the artificial vagina and using estrous induced doe the semen was diluted with egg yolk 10% extender and frozen by liquid nitrogen for three months, macroscopic and microscopic evaluation were done after collection, dilution and thawing, three media(TCM-199, DMEM and SOF)were used to see the their effect on activation of spermatozoa. The results showed that TCM-199 media presented higher significance in sperm motility, progressive motility compared with DMEM and SOF media. There was a great decrease in the concentration of spermatozoa after activation using these media which didn’t differ significantly among them and they were higher significantly compared with control in normal morphology.
Comparison of the parabolic equation method with other propagation loss models

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Tappert and Hardin have developed a technique for computing underwater acoustic propagation loss fields which is known as the parabolic equation method. This is a numerical matching method which leads to a relatively fast computation algorithm and permits sound speed variation in multiple dimensions. For sound speed variation in depth only, we have investigated accuracy, ease of use, and computer time requirements of this method. Reliable natural mode or ray theory computations were used as starting values at a given range and for accuracy checks at longer ranges. The parabolic equation method was found to be stable and accurate for acoustic ducts formed by refraction or surface reflections. Bottom reflections presented many problems and mode results could not be duplicated in general. The method was comparatively easy to use once starting values were available, but no way was found to determine optimum step size without some trial and error. Computer time requirements were always as large as those for mode theory and were often much greater. The primary value of the parabolic method then lies in its application to two-dimensional sound speed profiles where closed-form solutions are difficult.
Two-dimensional discriminative filters for image template detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The image template detection is usually a very important halfway step for a computational vision algorithm. In general, the basic idea of this type of algorithm is to receive an input image and generate a set of lines, borders, edges and other well known geometrical forms as outputs. Ben-Arie and Rao (1993) have proposed a linear filter that, given a template, maximizes the energy concentration in a single sample of its output. We propose a two-dimensional generalization of this method, formulating the template matching problem as a multivariable optimization. Three different objective functions are investigated. Simulation results show that the proposed method performs well on real images.
Design and Synthesis of Ferulic Acid Derivatives with Trifluoromethyl Pyrimidine and Amide Frameworks for Combating Postharvest Kiwifruit Soft Rot Fungi

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fungal diseases significantly affect the quality and safety of food and agricultural products. Pyrimidine ether compounds have shown effectiveness as commercial antifungal agents, but their prolonged or excessive use has led to resistance and pesticide residue issues, necessitating structural modifications. In this study, ferulic acid served as a framework for synthesizing a series of derivatives by introducing pyrimidine and amide groups. Compound 6w showed high efficacy against Botryosphaeria dothidea and Phomopsis sp., with EC50 values of 3.20 and 0.80 μg/mL, respectively, far outperforming Pyrimethanil (57.60 and 32.10 μg/mL). Mechanistic studies indicated that compound 6w disrupts Phomopsis sp. biofilms, causing protein and nucleic acid leakage, increased membrane permeability, and damage to the fungal mycelium. Moreover, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed that 6w induces fungal detoxification responses, including the transformation of toxic compounds mediated by oxidoreductases and aromatic compound-related enzymes as well as efflux mediated by ABC transporters. This study is the first to report the antifungal efficacy of ferulic acid derivatives featuring a trifluoromethyl pyrimidine moiety against postharvest kiwifruit soft rot, providing potential for the control of fungal pathogens affecting kiwifruit storage and quality.
Coronary stent malapposition as a result of a post-stenotic aneurysm detected by optical coherence tomography.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Stent malapposition remains an important cause of complications following stent implantation. Stent underexpansion is a frequent cause of this. We describe a case of coronary stent malapposition as a result of a post-stenotic aneurysm. Both the malapposition and its etiology were clearly demonstrated by optical coherence tomography, a novel high-resolution imaging technology.
Evaluation of the University of Lagos Waste Generation Trend

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This study examines waste generation patterns at the University of Lagos (UoL), Nigeria, to inform decision-making towards improving the efficiency of the university’s management strategies in line with Sustainable Development Goal 12, target 12.5 to reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling, and reuse by 2030. The moving average of the waste generation was studied using time series data. During October 2014 to October 2016 the UoL generated an average of 877.5 tons of waste every month, with the lowest observed value being 496.6 tons and the highest recorded value being 1250.5 tons. The trend result indicates a gradual decrease in the generation of waste over time. There is also a noticeable negative cyclical pattern with seasonal variations, where the highest generation point is observed in March and the lowest point is observed in June, particularly in the latter half of the second quarter, as time progresses. Although there is a reduction in the amount of waste generated over time, it is crucial to persist in evaluating diverse waste management strategies that could further reduce the amount of waste generated in the case study area.
Obtaining genetic resistance to Fusarium crown rot in bread wheat

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Crown rot is a major soilborne disease problem in the wheat and barley industries of many countries, including Australia. This work was designed to shed light on the genetics of crown rot resistance to assist in crown rot resistance breeding. Results from a series of nine parent half-diallel experiments indicated that both general and specific combining ability were significant, and that breeding based on the parental phenotype will not always be the optimal approach. To better understand the resistance genes, experimentation was conducted using the ‘generation means ’ quantitative genetics design, which provides much more detail about each cross combination. Twenty-nine cross combinations were tested with glasshouse methods. The majority of the combinations with better crown rot resistance also had a more complex genetic model of resistance. This does not mean improved resistance is unobtainable, as detailed knowledge of the genetics of each cross enables the optimal combinations to be pursued, with the highest heritability, lowest number of genes, combined with the highest resistance. From this shortlist, those which already contain agronomic advantages can be favoured, as they will increase the speed of release of improved crown rot resistance lines. The genetics of crown rot resistance have proven to be complex, and highly dependant on which resistant parent is used, as well as being influenced by gene interactions. The knowledge obtained through this work has enabled a selection of populations to be targeted for their superior ability to transfer high levels of resistance to progeny, coupled with some potential for combined agronomic traits, increasing their usefulness to breeders.
Assessing the Impacts of IGR and Governance Reform for Public Trust in Local Government

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper tries to assess the impacts of Inter-Governmental Reforms and the Governance Reforms for the public trust in local government. Many scholarly works point out that Japanese local government enjoy higher public trust than the national one. There is however scare solid evidence to support this phenomenon due to lack of long term surveyed data. As Japanese local government has experienced formal decentralization reform in its intergovernmental relations from 2000, and governance reform in its external relations with citizens and private entities, there is a great need to assess the impacts of these reforms for public trust in local government in Japan. The paper employed the US experiences of IGR reform and the UK experiences of local governance reform for the references to assess the impact of respective reform to the public trust in local government in Japan. The finding is that respective impacts of both reforms would be trade-off or mutually inconsistent, and current reforms in Japanese local government would undermine the support and trust from the public, unless reform strategies of both IGR and governance with external stakeholders are carefully developed.
Maternal Undernutrition Affects Expression of Genes Associated with Ileal Development and Metabolism in Full‐term Offspring

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study was to explore whether global nutrient (GN) restriction of pregnant gilts influences fetal expression of miRNAs and mRNAs involved in small intestine development and metabolism. Pregnant gilts (n=8) were randomly assigned into full-fed control (no feed intake restriction) or GN restricted (50-70% feed intake restriction) groups. Fetal pigs were delivered by C-section on day 110 ± 2 and fetal ileum samples were collected and frozen immediately in liquid nitrogen. Total RNA was extracted using Trizol, and miRNA libraries was constructed using the total RNA with Ion Total RNA-Seq kit v2, and sequenced using the Ion Proton Sequencing Platform. When mapped against the swine database, expressed miRNAs showed that abundance of miR-20a, miR-let-7a, miR-let-7c, miR-let-7e, miR-17-5p, miR-18a, miR-155-5p and miR-181b associated with regulation of ileum development and immune response were modified in offspring from GN restricted gilts as compared to control gilts. Additionally, alterations were observed in mRNA of genes related to growth axis and gluconeogenesis. The expressions of CREB1, CRTC2, FoxO1, G-6-pase, PCK1, PCK2, PPARGC-1, SIRT-1, CAT-1, GHR, GLUT-2, I-FABP, IGF-1, IGF-1R and L-FABP measured using real-time qPCR are 2.4-12.7 folds higher in ileal of offspring from GN restricted than control gilts. These results strongly suggest that nutrient restriction during pregnancy can affect the programming of fetal ileum development and metabolism via regulation of gene expression and that post-transcriptional mechanisms might be involved in. Supported by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, GCE OPP1061037.
Mechanism of CN and NH Chemiluminescence in the N–O–C2H2 and O–NO–C2H2 Reactions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation A. Fontijn; Mechanism of CN and NH Chemiluminescence in the N–O–C2H2 and O–NO–C2H2 Reactions. J. Chem. Phys. 1 September 1965; 43 (5): 1829–1830. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1697018 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioThe Journal of Chemical Physics Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Association of Systemic inflammatory response index with intracranial plaque vulnerability and the severity of ischemic events

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Motivation: The activation of inflammation can aggravate plaque rupture, thrombosis and cause brain tissue ischemia and infarction. Looking for reliable inflammatory markers might provide potential targets for the treatment of atherosclerosis patients. Goal(s): We investigated the relationship between systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI)and intracranial plaque features, as well as the risk factors related to the severity of cerebral ischemic events. Approach: Compare the differences in imaging features and SIRI among patients with transient ischemic attack, mild stroke, and moderate-severe stroke. Results: SIRI levels were significantly associated with plaque vulnerable characteristics and burden. Higher SIRIlevels and plaque featureswere independently related to moderate-severe stroke. Impact: Our study suggested that immune inflammation may have adverse effects on intracranial atherosclerosis, and link to the severity of cerebral ischemic events. Therefore, the regulation of immune inflammation may be a potential therapeutic target for sICAD.
Comparative Electroencephalographic Profile of a New Anesthetic and Anticonvulsant That Is Selective for the GABAAR Slow Receptor Subtype

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Anesthetics like propofol increase electroencephalography (EEG) power in delta frequencies (0.1–4 Hz), with a decrease of power in bandwidths >30 Hz. Propofol is nonselective for gamma amino butyric acid type A receptor subtypes (GABA A R) as it enhances all 3 GABA A R subtypes (slow, fast, and tonic). Our newly developed anesthetic class selectively targets GABA A R-slow synapses to depress brain responsiveness. We hypothesized that a selective GABA A R-slow agonist, KSEB 01-S2, would produce a different EEG signature compared to the broad-spectrum GABA A R agonist (propofol), and tested this using rat EEG recordings. METHODS: Male rats were studied after Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUC) approval from the US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense and the University of Michigan. Rats were anesthetized using isoflurane (3%–5% induction, 1%–3% maintenance) with oxygen at 0.5 to 1.0 L/min. Stainless steel screws were placed in the skull and used to record subcranial cortical EEG signals. After recovery, either propofol or KSEB 01-S2 was administered and effects on EEG signals were analyzed. RESULTS: As previously reported, propofol produced increased power in delta frequencies (0.1–4 Hz) compared to predrug recordings and produced a decrease in EEG power >30 Hz but no significant changes were seen within ±20 seconds of losing the righting reflex. By contrast, KSEB 01-S2 produced a significant increase in theta frequency percent power (median 14.7%, 16.2/13.8, 75/25 confidence interval; to 34.7%, 35/31.8; P < .015) and a significant decrease in low gamma frequency percent power (16.9%, 18.6/15.8; to 5.45%, 5.5/5.39; P < .015) for all rats at ± 20 seconds of loss of consciousness (LOC). Both anesthetics produced a flattening of chaotic attractor plots from nonlinear dynamic analyses, like that produced by volatile and dissociative anesthetics at LOC. CONCLUSIONS: KSEB 01-S2 produced a markedly different EEG pattern, with a selective increase observed in the theta frequency range. KSEB 01-S2 also differs markedly in its activity at the GABA A R-slow receptor subtype, suggesting a possible mechanistic link between receptor subtype specificity and EEG frequency band signatures. Increased theta together with depressed gamma frequencies is interesting because GABA A R slow synapses have previously been suggested to underlie theta frequency oscillations, while fast synapses control gamma activity. These reciprocal effects support a previous model for theta and nested gamma oscillations based on inhibitory connections between GABA A R fast and slow interneurons. Although each anesthetic produced a unique EEG response, propofol and KSEB 01-S2 both increased slow wave activity and flattened chaotic attractor plots at the point of LOC.
Plasma IL-6 levels correlate with clinical and ultrasound measures of arthritis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective The objective of this paper is to elucidate the role of specific cytokines in lupus (SLE) arthritis. Methods Fifty SLE and 40 RA patients had an ultrasound (US) scan of their hand as per standardized protocols. US scores were expressed per joint and as a total ‘US activity’ score, (sum of power Doppler (PD) and grey-scale synovial hypertrophy scores in all joints) and a total erosion score. SLE disease activity was assessed (BILAG and SELENA-SLEDAI). Plasma levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha and BLyS were measured using sandwich ELISA kits (Quantikine kits, R & D). Results On the basis of the US results SLE patients were divided into three groups: erosive arthritis ( n = 20), non-erosive arthritis ( n = 18) and those with a normal US scan ( n = 12). Across the SLE groups plasma IL-6 levels correlated with CRP ( p < 0.001), hand deformity scores ( p = 0.005), BILAG musculoskeletal score ( p = 0.009), wrist PD score ( p = 0.01), the presence of tenosynovitis ( p = 0.008) and total US activity score ( p < 0.001) (which remained constant when corrected for total BILAG score). Neither TNF-alpha nor BLyS levels correlated with US or clinical measures of lupus arthritis; however, TNF-alpha correlated with total BILAG score ( p < 0.001). Conclusion This is the first study to examine levels of specific cytokines in a cohort of SLE patients stratified in terms of joint disease by US, where the most significant finding is that IL-6 levels correlated both with clinical and US measures of arthritis disease activity.
The Formation of Polycyclic Aromatics, Fullerenes and Soot in Combustion. The Mechanism and the Environmental Connection

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Despite the concern about environmental damage caused by toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), the mechanisms that govern thermal build-up of these molecules are hardly known. Only some vague ideas exist, which are equally true for thermally formed hetero-PAH, e.g. benzofurans and dioxins. It is further not clear if complete combustion to H2O, CO2, and NO2, is a realistic goal in the practice of engines or incenerators. Flash vacuum thermolysis (FVT) techniques, provides a tool for description of mechanistic routes and for characterisation of reactive intermediates in PAH and hetero-PAH formation during combustion. On FVT six-membered ring PAH systems were found to undergo thermal transformations to cyclopenta-PAH. Some nitro-PAH gave hydroxy-PAH on FVT. Cyclopenta-PAH can conveniently be synthesized with preparative FVT.
Under the veil of neoliberalism: inequality, health, and capabilities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The relationship between income inequality and health has received substantial attention in the fields of medical sociology and public health and continues to be debated. In Chile, previous findings indicate that there is an income inequality effect; respondents who live in areas with high inequality experience a greater probability of poor self-reported health. This study examines the Wilkinson income inequality hypothesis in a new way by using it in conjunction with Sen’s capability approach. Building from critiques of the Wilkinson hypothesis, this study also incorporates analysis of the political economy of Chile. Utilizing the 2003 and 2006 cycles of the National Socio-Economic Characterization Survey (CASEN), my findings indicate a complex relationship between income inequality and health. My analyses also suggest that there are severe inequities in health outcomes; inequities that reflect Chile’s two-tier system of healthcare.