jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Preventive Effects of Anthraquinones Isolated from an Endophytic Fungus, Colletotrichum sp. JS-0367 in Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Stimulated Damage of Human Dermal Fibroblasts

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a major causative factor of inflammatory responses and extracellular matrix degradation. ROS also cause skin aging and diverse cutaneous lesions. Therefore, antioxidants that inhibit the generation of ROS may be beneficial in the relief of skin aging and diseases. We investigated the anti-skin aging effect of anthraquinones from cultures of Colletotrichum sp., an endophytic fungus isolated from Morus alba L. using human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). We preferentially evaluated the preventive effects of anti-oxidative anthraquinones (1, 4) against the generation of ROS, nitric oxide (NO), and prostaglandins-E2 (PGE2). Among them, 1,3-dihydroxy-2,8-dimethoxy-6-methylanthraquinone (1) suppressed the generation of ROS, NO, and PGE2 in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-stimulated HDFs. Compound 1 reversed the TNF-induced increase in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and a decrease in procollagen I α1 (COLIA1). It also suppressed inducible NO synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, which upregulate inflammatory reactions. Mechanistically, compound 1 suppressed nuclear factor-κB, activator protein 1, and mitogen-activated protein kinases in TNF-α-stimulated HDFs. These results suggest that compound 1 may be beneficial for improving skin aging and diverse cutaneous lesions.
INFLUENCE OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER ON DATE PALM CV. BARHI 2. LEAVES MINERAL CONTENT

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This experiment was carried out in a private palm farm located in Great Musayib enacted / Babylon province on Barhi dates palm trees Phoenix dactylifera L. cultivar to determine the effect of spraying of chitosan and soil additives for both organic fertilizers and amino acids and seaweed extract in some leaves mineral content (nitrogen, phosphor, potassium, iron, manganese and zinc) by spraying the chitosan at concentrations of 5 ml. l-1 and 10 ml.L -1 and the addition of both organic fertilizer and amino acids and seaweed extract at concentrations (1, 2) kg.tree -1 and (3 , 6) ml . L - 1 and (4, 8) ml l -1 respectively. Each treatment replicated five times with a factorial experiment using RCBD, one date palm for experimental unit.The following are the main findings, The effect of chitosan spray significantly in the leaves mineral content as the concentration gave at10 ml.L -1 (C2) significantly increased leaves N content of 1.07 %, leaves K content of 1.28 % and leaves zinc content of 22.99 mg.kg-1 dry weight. That spray at levels 8ml.L-1(S2) significantly superiority of the control treatment and gave the highest leaves K content of 1.40 % and leaves Mn content of 1.233 mg.kg-1 dry weight, amino acid at 6 ml. L - 1(A2) treatment gave the highest leaves N content of 1.14 %, leaves P content of 0.180 %, leaves Fe content of 178.6 mg.kg-1 dry weight,. While the lowest results in the control treatment.
A solid-state X-ray beam monitor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to comply with the R.A.S.M.P. recommendations for existing orthovoltage machines a simple dose-rate monitor using a readily available, low cost photodiode has been constructed and tested on two Siemens Stabilipan I Units. The device will be useful to both radiographers, engineers, technicians and physicists and can be assembled and fitted with a minimum of technical expertise.
Quantitative composition and distribution of the macrobenthic invertebrate fauna of the continental shelf ecosystems of the northeastern United States / Roger B. Theroux, Roland L. Wigley.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

From the mid-1950s to the mid-1 960's a series of quantitative surveys of the macrobenthic invertebrate fauna were conducted in the offshore New England region (Maine to Long Island, NewYork).The surveys were designed to 1) obtain measures of macrobenthic standing crop expressed in terms of density and biomass; 2) determine the taxonomic composition of the fauna (ca.567 species): 3) map the general features of macrobenthic distribution; and 4) evaluate the fauna's relationships to water depth, bottom tvpe, tempera- ture range, and sediment organic carbon content.A total of 1,076 samples, ranging from 3 to 3,974 m in depth, were obtained and analyzed.The aggregate macrobenthic fauna consists of 44 major taxonomic groups (phyla, classes, orders).A striking fact is that only five of those groups (belonging to four phyla) account for over 80% of both total biomass and number of individuals of the macrobenthos.The five dominant groups are Bivalvia, Annelida, Amphipoda, Echninoidea, and Holothuroidea.Other salient features pertaining to the macrobenthos of the region are the following: substantial differences in quantity exist among different geographic subareas within the region, but with a general trend that both densitv and biomass increase from northeast to southwest; both densitv and biomass decrease with increasing depth; the composition of the bottom sediments significantlv influences both the kind and quantity of macrobenthic invertebrates, the largest quantities of both measures of abundance occurring in the coarser grained sediments and diminishing with decreasing particle size; areas with marked sea- sonal changes in water temperature support an abundant and diverse fauna, whereas a uniform temperature regime is associated with a sparse, less diverse fauna; and no detectable trends are evident in the quantitative composition of the macrobenthos in relation to sediment organic carbon content.
The Performance Simulation of MIMO/OFDM Networks with Group-Selected Arrays Signal Processing under Imperfect CSI

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Adaptive arrays signal processing at both the transmitter and receiver has been regarded as a key technique with which OFDM can be combined to further improve the performance of wireless network, but they are characterized by a relatively higher implementation complexity. Selection diversity is the simplest way to realize spatial diversity, but the performance improvement of this form of diversity is limited. In this paper, we combine the benefits of these two spatial signal processing and propose a group-selected arrays signal processing approach for MIMO/OFDM networks. In this new scheme, adaptive arrays is group-selected in the spatial domain. Simulation shows that the proposed system can get significant performance improvements over the conventional array based OFDM systems over frequency-selective multipath fading channels with imperfect CSI.
Coordinated control strategy for mode switching of power-split hybrid electric bus

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the dynamic process of mode switching of the power-split hybrid electric bus, the vehicle will have longitudinal shock due to the drastic change of the two motors’ torque and the engine’s slow response. To solved this problem, this paper will focus on the process of switching from pure electric mode to hybrid drive mode, considered the operational state changes before and after engine ignition, limited the torque fluctuation transmitted from the front planetary set to the output shaft based on the idea of motor compensation, and calculated the motor compensation torque of the rear planetary set to compensate the torque fluctuation of the output shaft, to reduce the jerk. Firstly, the dynamic models of the transmission system before and after the engine ignition are established, respectively, and then the dynamic torque of the engine is estimated by XGBoost. The estimated value is input into the model predictive controller (MPC) to track the engine speed and calculate the torque fluctuation generated by the front planetary set on the output shaft. Then, according to the estimated value of the engine torque and the predicted value of the engine’s speed, the compensation torque is calculated by the sliding mode controller (SMC). Finally, the vehicle model is built with AVL CRUISE and MATLAB/Simulink software to verify the mode switching control effect of hybrid electric bus under typical urban conditions in China. The results showed that this control strategy significantly reduces the jerk of the mode switching process.
Formulation and Enhancement of an Innovative Fuel Mixture for Enhanced Efficiency and Reduced Emissions in Four-Stroke Single-Cylinder Spark-Ignition Engines

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The incessant pursuit of sustainable energy solutions amidst environmental concerns has propelled research into innovative fuel formulations to enhance efficiency and mitigate emissions in four-stroke single-cylinder spark-ignition engines. This study presents a comprehensive investigation aimed at formulating and enhancing a novel fuel mixture tailored to meet the dual objectives of heightened engine performance and reduced environmental impact. The research methodology integrates experimental analyses, computational modelling, and optimization techniques to systematically explore and refine the fuel composition. Initially, a diverse range of fuel blends is synthesized, incorporating conventional hydrocarbons, biofuels, and synthetic additives. These formulations undergo rigorous characterization through a series of laboratory experiments, encompassing combustion kinetics analysis, fuel stability assessments, and emission spectroscopy. The outcomes of this research signify a significant advancement in sustainable transportation technology, offering a holistic approach to address the challenges of energy security and environmental sustainability. By leveraging synergies between fuel formulation, engine optimization, and emission control strategies, the proposed methodology holds immense promise in fostering a transition towards cleaner and more efficient combustion engines.
The PulmoSphere™ Platform for Pulmonary Drug Delivery

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Spray-dried PulmoSphere™ formulations comprise phospholipid-based small, porous particles. Drug(s) may be incorporated in or with PulmoSphere formulations in three formats: solution-, suspension-, and carrier-based systems. The multiple formats may be administered to the respiratory tract with multiple delivery systems, including portable inhalers (pressurized, metered-dose inhaler and dry-powder inhaler), nebulizers, and via liquid dose instillation in conjunction with partial liquid ventilation. The PulmoSphere platform (particles, formats, delivery systems) enables pulmonary delivery of a broad range of drugs independent of their physicochemical properties and lung dose. The engineered particles provide significant improvements in lung targeting and dose consistency, relative to current marketed inhalers.
Electrophysiologic the Human Colon Control of Motility in

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Characteristics of electrical activities, and the relationship between electrical and motor activities, were studied in circular and longitudinal (taenia) muscle of the human colon that was obtained from 21 individuals. Recordings were obtained with suction electrodes, the sucrose-gap method, and microelectrodes. The circular muscle electrical activity consisted of oscillatory activity of relatively low amplitude, with a frequency range from 4.5 to 60 cycleimin. Spiking activity was present on most oscillations. Contractile activity was associated with individual oscillations at frequencies below 12 cycleimin. Contractions related to periods of oscillations at frequencies above 12 cyclelmin showed summation resulting in prolonged contractions. In these periods, oscillations were either of relatively high amplitude, or had superimposed spiking activity. Longitudinal muscle activity consisted of slow electrical oscillations at frequencies between 24 and 36 cycleimin with spiking activity superimposed on most oscillations. Contractions were related to bursts of such activity. These findings provide the electrophysiologic basis for short and prolonged phasic contractions and for sustained contractions of the human colon muscle layers. Activities in both muscle layers were myogenic in nature, were very sensitive to stretch, and could be initiated or modulated by nervous activity.
Train the Neural Network by Abstract Images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Like the textbook for students’ learning, the training data plays a significant role in the network’s training. In most cases, people intend to use big-data to train the network, which leads to two problems. Firstly, the knowledge learned by the network is out of control. Secondly, the space occupation of big-data is huge. In this paper, we use the concepts-based knowledge visualization [33] to visualize the knowledge learned by the model. Based on the observation results and information theory, we make three conjectures about the key information provided by the dataset. Finally, we use experiments to prove that the artificial abstracted data can be used in networks’ training, which can solve the problem mentioned above. The experiment is designed based on Mask-RCNN, which is used to detect and classify three typical human poses on the construction site.
Chest radiograph reading panel performance in a Bangladesh pneumococcal vaccine effectiveness study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction To evaluate WHO chest radiograph interpretation processes during a pneumococcal vaccine effectiveness study of children aged 3–35 months with suspected pneumonia in Sylhet, Bangladesh. Methods Eight physicians masked to all data were standardised to WHO methodology and interpreted chest radiographs between 2015 and 2017. Each radiograph was randomly assigned to two primary readers. If the primary readers were discordant for image interpretability or the presence or absence of primary endpoint pneumonia (PEP), then another randomly selected, masked reader adjudicated the image (arbitrator). If the arbitrator disagreed with both primary readers, or concluded no PEP, then a masked expert reader finalised the interpretation. The expert reader also conducted blinded quality control (QC) for 20% of randomly selected images. We evaluated agreement between primary readers and between the expert QC reading and the final panel interpretation using per cent agreement, unadjusted Cohen’s kappa, and a prevalence and bias-adjusted kappa. Results Among 9723 images, the panel classified 21.3% as PEP, 77.6% no PEP and 1.1% uninterpretable. Two primary readers agreed on interpretability for 98% of images (kappa, 0.25; prevalence and bias-adjusted kappa, 0.97). Among interpretable radiographs, primary readers agreed on the presence or absence of PEP in 79% of images (kappa, 0.35; adjusted kappa, 0.57). Expert QC readings agreed with final panel conclusions on the presence or absence of PEP for 92.9% of 1652 interpretable images (kappa, 0.75; adjusted kappa, 0.85). Conclusion Primary reader performance and QC results suggest the panel effectively applied the WHO chest radiograph criteria for pneumonia.
Liposomal black mulberry extract loaded-nanofibers: preparation, characterisation, and bioaccessibility of phenolics by simulated in vitro digestion combined with the Caco-2 cell model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Black mulberry extract (BME) is rich in phenolics; however, their health benefits are restricted by their instability and poor absorption in the small intestine. Liposomal BME-loaded pullulan/pectin nanofibers were developed to enhance the in vitro bioaccessibility of BME. The liposomes with BME (0.8%, w/v), were produced by the thin-film hydration and ultrasonication method with a size of 76.41 ± 1.23 nm and encapsulated 79.40 ± 0.99%.of the BME. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images showed that the uniform distribution of liposomes within the defect-free fiber structure. Liposomal BME loading elevated the mucoadhesiveness of the nanofibers compared to free BME loading. Liposomal BME-loaded nanofiber demonstrated a nearly two-fold increase in the bioaccessibility of anthocyanins. The cellular release of all four different anthocyanins by Caco-2 cells was significantly higher (3.92%–10.50%) in liposomal BME-loaded nanofiber. Therefore, liposomal nanofibers show great potential as a method for delivering phenolics, specifically anthocyanins.
Groundbreaking Strides without Transformational Change: The Integration of Gender Perspectives into US Department of State Peacebuilding Strategy Under Secretary Clinton

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Although peacebuilding aims to address root causes of conflict, while constructing stable institutions and social relations, conventional peacebuilding’s negligence of gender in post-conflict societies and peace processes has restricted its potential. Most actors that contribute to peacebuilding efforts have participated in this ignorance, causing an outburst of feminist literature highlighting the severe need to integrate gender perspectives into peacebuilding. However, existing literature provides few specific recommendations and insufficiently examines mechanisms for integrating gender into state-led peacebuilding. Major actors, such as the United States, have recently embarked on attempts to incorporate gender perspectives into peacebuilding, creating large scopes of policy in need of analysis. This paper investigates the integration of gender perspectives into US Department of State peacebuilding strategies under Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton, who significantly elevated the importance of women’s rights and brought attention to gender considerations in US foreign policy. Through the review of policy changes and the study of US peacebuilding in Afghanistan, this paper concludes that the integration of gender perspectives in Department of State peacebuilding efforts is incomplete, leaving policy altered, but not transformed, and inhibiting hopes for gender equality and inclusive, sustainable peace.
Statistical and Multifractal Properties of the Sub-Minute Price Fluctuations of Cryptocurrency

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this study, we investigated the statistical and multifractal properties of time series data of sub-minute price fluctuations of cryptocurrencies. We found that the probability density function of price fluctuations with the log difference in prices as a variable has found to have a fat-tailed structure. By assuming that multi-fractality is established for the time series data of price fluctuations, we performed a multifractal analysis and obtained the multifractal spectral function.
Reaching “the Common People”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Evidence of content analysis shows that newspaper reporting of the slave trade grew substantially over the eighteenth century, widening and deepening the reading public’s knowledge of it and Africa decades before abolitionists looked to use the press to promote their campaign from the late 1780s. The chapter explores the press’s role as mirror and shaper of public opinion in tandem with other publications. It also focuses on the reporting of conditions on board slave ships, paying particular attention to shipboard insurrections, which seemingly increased after 1750, and the nature of the reporting of them, including contemporary and historical interpretations of their causes. The discussion is reinforced by a review of narratives of former slaves published in Britain after 1770 as part of a process in which the issue of British slaving became entangled with public debates over Britain’s alleged attempts to suppress colonial liberty in 1763–1776, informing electoral politics and encouraging the politicizing of the nation’s role in promoting slavery before the War of American Independence broke out.
A Case of Obstructive Colitis with Ischemic Colitis after Surgery for Cancer of the Sigmoid Colon.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

症例は73歳,女性, S状結腸癌によるイレウスのため,腫瘍を切除後,人工肛門の造設を行った.術後19日目に大腸内視鏡検査にて,口側の結腸に広範囲の縦走潰瘍を認め閉塞性大腸炎と診断した.さらに術後48日目の大腸内視鏡検査では,この部分が高度の狭窄となっていたため,人工肛門と共に切除した.このように,閉塞性大腸炎の潰瘍病変は原因の除去にもかかわらず,狭窄型虚血性大腸炎の像を呈することがあり,注意を要する.
Neural Excitability and Joint Laxity in Chronic Ankle Instability, Coper, and Control Groups

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Neuromuscular and mechanical deficiencies are commonly studied in participants with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Few investigators have attempted to comprehensively consider sensorimotor and mechanical differences among people with CAI, copers who did not present with prolonged dysfunctions after an initial ankle sprain, and a healthy control group.Context: To determine if differences exist in spinal reflex excitability and ankle laxity among participants with CAI, copers, and healthy controls.Objective: Case-control study.Design: Research laboratory.Setting: Thirty-seven participants with CAI, 30 participants categorized as copers, and 26 healthy control participants.Patients or Other Participants: We assessed spinal reflex excitability of the soleus using the Hoffmann reflex protocol. Participants' ankle laxity was measured with an instrumented ankle arthrometer. The maximum Hoffmann reflex : maximal muscle response ratio was calculated. Ankle laxity was measured as the total displacement in the anterior-posterior directions (mm) and total rotation in the inversion and eversion directions (°).Main Outcome Measure(s): Spinal reflex excitability was diminished in participants with CAI compared with copers and control participants ( P = .01). No differences were observed among any of the groups for ankle laxity.Results: Changes in the spinal reflex excitability of the soleus that likely affect ankle stability were seen only in the CAI group, yet no mechanical differences were noted across the groups. These findings support the importance of finding effective ways to increase spinal reflex excitability for the purpose of treating neural excitability dysfunction in patients with CAI.Conclusion:
Collection_nsyn_human_mtDNA_in_cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A collection of cancer-associated or somatic non-synonymous variants for human mitochondrial genome. Variants are ordered by genomic position. Clinical and molecular data are taken from public variant databases and recent literature about the possible involvement of mitochondrial protein coding genes on cancer development. Sheet 1: somatic variant dataset; sheet 2: description for each field. It could be useful for mitochondrial geneticists.