jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Arthroscopic treatment of localized pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to review the outcome of the arthroscopic treatment of localized pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee and to determine the recurrence rate with clinical and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation at midterm follow‐up. Methods Thirty consecutive patients diagnosed with localized pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee were treated arthroscopically between 1990 and 2008. Clinical assessment was made with the use of Lysholm Knee Scale, and radiologic assessment was done by plain radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging of the knee. Recurrence rate of the disease was also estimated. Results The average follow‐up was 75 months (range 12–144). The median age of the patients was 46 years (range 23–71). Symptoms were discomfort of the knee (100%), swelling (90%), locking (50%), pain (10%) and palpable mass (15%). A history of knee trauma was present in 10% of the patients. The nodules were localized in the gutters (45%), suprapatellar pouch (26%), patellar fat pad (13%), posterior compartment of the knee (13%) and in the femoral notch (9%). The median Lysholm Knee Score was 56.5 (range 53–60) and 85.5 (83–88) preoperatively and at final follow‐up, respectively. No postoperative complications occurred. Conclusions Arthroscopy is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of localized pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee. Magnetic resonance imaging is essential to diagnose this pathologic condition and to define accurately its localization and treatment strategy.
Review of Path-following Control Systems for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A review presents the state-of-the-art path-following control systems for maritime autonomous surface ships, where the special focus is placed on the guidance subsystem and control subsystem. The path following control system is one of the basic requirements for autonomous ships since it guarantees that the ship can track the predefined path with small cross-track errors. The path following problem is firstly defined, and the cross-track error dynamics are derived from the kinematic equations of marine surface ships. The classical guidance laws are introduced, and the governing equations are also presented in this paper. A review of the guidance laws and controllers for the maritime autonomous surface ships has been carried out based on relevant journal and conference papers. Several important properties and characteristics, such as control structure, guidance law, control method, stability, environmental disturbance and vessel dynamics, are defined for the comparative analysis. Finally, the summary and a discussion on the most used technologies for the path following control of marine autonomous surface ships are presented and highlighted.
Quality cost indicator: Reassessing the effects of health outcomes on healthcare expenditure. A retrospective cohort study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Healthcare expenditure has increased rapidly over the last decades. Despite conceptual differences, healthcare expenditure and health outcomes play a significant role in Cost Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) and Value Based Health Care (VBHC). Better health outcomes can prevent additional costs to treat symptoms, adverse events and/or comorbidities. Therefore a partially inverse relationship between health outcomes and healthcare expenditure can be expected. Because it can be quite difficult to utilize this relationship to one’s benefit we developed a framework to model the relationship and tested it for breast cancer and bariatric surgery. Methods: The Quality Cost Indicator is calculated as QCI = 100 – average total costs / (resulting outcome ^2 * 100) and rests on three main measures. (1) Optimal outcome which is accomplished when patients meet all the defined health outcomes which differs per diagnoses/treatment; (2) Resulting outcome, the proportion of patients who accomplish optimal outcomes divided by the total patient population; (3) Average total costs, all costs related to the treatment including costs of AEs and comorbidities. Costs were determined using the Dutch cost price model. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine if costs of patients achieving optimal outcome were lower than costs of those who did not. Results: For the bariatric surgery population, 60.75% of patients reached optimal outcome excluding health related quality of life (HRQoL) and 60.74% including HRQoL. For breast cancer surgery 86.88% (excluding HRQoL) achieved optimal outcome. In the bariatric population (excluding HRQoL) and the Breast cancer population, patients achieving optimal outcome had significantly lower cost than those who didn’t. With € 8,442.48 vs. € 9,546.89 (p < .001) and €11,565.65 vs. € 16,119.56 (p < .001) respectively. For both populations QCI values were highest in 2020 Q4 as costs were average and optimal outcome was highest. Conclusions: The QCI framework is useful for modeling the partially inverse relationship between health outcomes and medical costs in bariatric and breast surgery. Future research should indicate if the QCI framework is applicable to other (non-surgical) treatments. Finally, comparing hospitals using the QCI framework could be helpful for comparing/optimizing health outcomes and costs.
An Iterative Algorithm to Determine the Dynamic User Equilibrium in a Traffic Simulation Model

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

An iterative algorithm to determine the dynamic user equilibrium with respect to link costs defined by a traffic simulation model is presented. Each driver's route choice is modeled by a discrete probability distribution which is used to select a route in the simulation. After each simulation run, the probability distribution is adapted to minimize the travel costs. Although the algorithm does not depend on the simulation model, a queuing model is used for performance reasons. The stability of the algorithm is analyzed for a simple example network. As an application example, a dynamic version of Braess's paradox is studied.
Concurrent and Predictive Validity of Computer-adaptive Freshman English Test for College Freshman English in Taiwan

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Undoubtedly, it is always a continuing effort for colleges and universities to seek a reliable assessment tool for placing students into appropriate college Freshman English levels in order to maximize its instructional effectiveness. The assessment tool, however, is required of fulfilling cardinal principles of test validity, reliability, and practicality. This study was designed to determine the level of criterion-related validity in terms of concurrent and predictive validity of a computer-adaptive Freshman English Test (CAFET) employed as a Freshman English placement test at a university in central Taiwan. Two other English proficiency tests, the National Joint College Entrance Exam on English Proficiency (NJCEEE) and Taiwan’s General English Proficiency Test Intermediate Level (GEPT-I1) were used as criterion variables for measuring the CAFET’s concurrent validity. In addition to evaluating the CAFET’s internal quality, individual and/or combined predictive power of the CAFET, NJCEEE, and GEPT-I1 for Freshman English course achievement of participants of School Year 2010-2011 was also investigated. Statistical procedures of Pearson’s Product Moment correlation coefficients, one-way ANOVA, and simple and multiple regressions were performed. The results supported usability of the CAFET as an appropriate tool to place students into proficiency levels of the Freshman English program, especially when practicality is a prime consideration. Implications and suggestions for future research are presented.
Decreased Quality of Life in Children With Hypothalamic Hamartoma and Treatment-Resistant Epilepsy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We evaluated health-related quality of life in patients with hypothalamic hamartoma, to see how it differs from that of children with more common neurologic disorders. We used the PedsQL 4.0, along with the Child Behavior Checklist, Hague Seizure Severity Scale, and Side Effects Scale, to evaluate presurgical patients with hypothalamic hamartoma and epilepsy (n = 21). The results were compared with those of age-matched cohorts with migraine (n = 19) and Benign Epilepsy with Central Temporal Spikes (n = 11). In comparison with the migraine group, the patients with hypothalamic hamartoma had decreased health-related quality of life across all domains of the PedsQL 4.0. Compared with the benign epilepsy group, the hypothalamic hamartoma cohort has a significantly lower score in School Function. Comorbid psychomotor retardation was predictive of lower quality of life. Research examining the efficacy of recently developed surgical treatments for hypothalamic hamartoma should include health-related quality of life as an outcome measure.
Elucidating the Kinetics of Expression and Immune Cell Infiltration Resulting from Plasmid Gene Delivery Enhanced by Surface Dermal Electroporation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The skin is an attractive tissue for vaccination in a clinical setting due to the accessibility of the target, the ease of monitoring and most importantly the immune competent nature of the dermal tissue. While skin electroporation offers an exciting and novel future methodology for the delivery of DNA vaccines in the clinic, little is known about the actual mechanism of the approach and the elucidation of the resulting immune responses. To further understand the mechanism of this platform, the expression kinetics and localization of a reporter plasmid delivered via a surface dermal electroporation (SEP) device as well as the effect that this treatment would have on the resident immune cells in that tissue was investigated. Initially a time course (day 0 to day 21) of enhanced gene delivery with electroporation (EP) was performed to observe the localization of green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression and the kinetics of its appearance as well as clearance. Using gross imaging, GFP expression was not detected on the surface of the skin until 8 h post treatment. However, histological analysis by fluorescent microscopy revealed GFP positive cells as early as 1 h after plasmid delivery and electroporation. Peak GFP expression was observed at 24 h and the expression was maintained in skin for up to seven days. Using an antibody specific for a keratinocyte cell surface marker, reporter gene positive keratinocytes in the epidermis were identified. H&E staining of treated skin sections demonstrated an influx of monocytes and granulocytes at the EP site starting at 4 h and persisting up to day 14 post treatment. Immunological staining revealed a significant migration of lymphocytic cells to the EP site, congregating around cells expressing the delivered antigen. In conclusion, this study provides insights into the expression kinetics following EP enhanced DNA delivery targeting the dermal space. These findings may have implications in the future to design efficient DNA vaccination strategies for the clinic.
Bumper catch of sea bass,Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790)by gill netters in Mumbai waters

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Lates calcarifer is commonly called as giant sea
bass, sea perch or giant brackish water perch
and in Maharastra, locally known as ‘Khajura’
(Waghmare and Sawant, 1994). Sea bass is
considered as a valuable seafood delicacy with good
demand in market. They are found in coastal waters,
estuaries and lagoons usually at a depth of 40 m
and mainly feed on fishes and crustaceans.
Haemorrhagic encephalitis in the garb of scrub typhus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 19-year-old girl presented with fever, headache, vomiting and drowsiness. She had grade 1 papilloedema and neck rigidity but no focal deficits or seizures. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed lymphocytic pleocytosis, slightly elevated protein and normal glucose. MRI of the brain showed a hyperintense lesion in left ganglio-capsular region on the fluid attenuation inversion recovery sequence with perilesional oedema and mild midline shift. Haemorrhage was seen in the region on susceptibility weighted imaging . The patient was thoroughly investigated for known causes of meningoencephalitis, but the diagnosis of scrub typhus was delayed till the 10th day of illness. She was treated with doxycycline for 2 weeks and had marked improvement, both clinically and radiologically. Literature review has revealed that although meningoencephalitis in scrub typhus is not uncommon, such atypical lesions on brain MRI are a rarity. Serial imaging was performed to document the disease progression and resolution on treatment.
The Pharmacological Studies on Matrine and Oxymatrine

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Matrine and oxymatrine, major components of Sophora flavescens, were confirmed to have a protective effect on restraint and water immersion stress ulcer in mice. Oxymatrine inhibits the formation of some experimental gastric ulcer, pylorus ligation ulcer and indomethacin ulcer, which are considered to relate to acid secretion. Oxymatrine decreases acid secretion in Shay's rats and inhibits gastic motility induced by restraint and water immersion stress when administered intraduodenally. These results suggest that the protective effect of oxymatrine on stress ulcer is possibly due to a decrease of acid secretion and inhibition of gastric motility. In spite of its weak inhibition of gastric acid secretion, intravenous injection of matrine is rather effective for stress ulcer. Matrine exhibits the inhibition of writhing induced by acetic acid, prolongation of sleeping time induced by pentobarbital, hypothermia and inhibition of locomotor activity induced by methamphetamine. Matrine (i.v.) also inhibits gastric motility induced by restraint and water immersion stress. On the other hand, the administration of matrine exhibits clear contraction on the preparation of the fundus strip of rats at high concentration. The contractile response of the fundus strip to matrine is not inhibited by treatment with tetrodotoxin, and is not modified with atropine, while pretreatment of the fundus strip with antihistamine abolished or reduced the contractile response. It can therefore be assumed that the direct action of matrine on the stomach smooth muscle possibly contributes to the mechanism of the matrine induced inhibition of the spontaneous gastric motility and rise in the tone of stomach, and may play an important role in the protection of the restraint and water immersion stress ulcer formetion.
Investment risks in Russia: A Finnish perspective

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of Russia's economic environment changes in the total return indexes of Finnish companies. The research data consisted of Finnish publicly listed companies, which have made physical investments to Russia, and operating in the area. The study used six different variables to model the Russian operating environment. The data consists of total return indexes of Finnish companies. From those we calculated the monthly mean interval between timeline of 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2009. Sample period is divided into two different parts. Variables impact on companies' total return indices is tested by regression analysis. By F-test we tested significance of model and squared coefficient correlation told us how much model explains from changes. Goodness of the β-coefficient is tested in the model by t-test. \n \nThe research results shows that the Russian operating environment, or changes in which the active Finnish companies in total return indices. On partial sample periods results were not so significant.
Healthcare Workers’ Challenges in Managing Disease Outbreaks: A Systematic Review from an Islamic Perspective

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are prone to be at risk to health and safety hazards, particularly during disease outbreaks. This study examined the challenges confronted by HCWs in providing care and service during disease outbreaks. A systematic literature review (SLR) was adopted as the main approach of this study. A total of 61 articles were retrieved from two databases, Scopus and Web of Science, and analysed. Knowledge deficit and communication issues were identified as among the major challenges confronted by HCWs during disease outbreaks. These challenges were later analysed from an Islamic perspective by examining the responses provided in the Qur’ān and Ḥadīths. This study puts forward relevant Islamic guidelines on dealing with challenges during a disease outbreak that have been scarce in the literature. The study received approval from the IIUM Research Ethics Committee (IREC). It is also part of a research project on preventing and controlling disease outbreaks, as well as dealing with emergencies, funded by the Islamic Advisory group (AIG).
Purification and characterization of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase V from rat cerebrum.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A novel Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase V) from rat cerebrum was purified. This kinase phosphorylates the synthetic peptide substrate syntide-2. The purified enzyme showed a single protein band with a molecular mass of 41 kDa on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The Stokes radius and the sedimentation coefficient were 31.8 A and 2.83 S, respectively. An approximate molecular mass of 37 kDa was calculated for the native enzyme, and a monomeric structure of the enzyme was suggested. Expression of the enzymatic activity required the presence of both Ca2+ and calmodulin (apparent Ka = 24 +/- 7 nM). The CaM kinase V had an apparent Km for ATP of 75 +/- 11 microM and for syntide-2 of 20 +/- 4 microM. CaM kinase V undergoes autophosphorylation in response to Ca2+ and calmodulin. CaM kinase V was digested with lysyl endopeptidase, and the partial amino acid sequence was determined. A computer homology search revealed no identical protein. KN-62, a selective inhibitor of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, inhibited CaM kinase V, with a Ki of 0.8 microM. CaM kinase V phosphorylates a number of endogenous proteins.
EFFECT OF YERSINIA PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS TOXINS ON THE BIOFILM FORMATION

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Aim. To study the effect of heat-labile (HLTY) and heat-stable (HSTY) lethal toxins of the of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis on the formation of biofilms by these bacteria. Materials and methods. For the isolation of toxins and the investigation their ability to effect on the biofilm formation there were used the strain of Y. pseudotuberculosis 512 (pYV48Mjl. рУМ82МД) and strain 2517, carrying virulence plasmid pYV and lost it, correspondingly. Results. The stimulation of biofilm formation at 20°C by the strain 2517 (pYV+), carrying virulence plasmid as well as the strain 2517 (pYV-) without plasmid were observed In the presence of HLTY. At low positive temperature (6 - 8°C) HLTY reduces the amount of the formed biofilm. HSTY inhibited the biofilm formation by the both strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis tested during the incubation for 3 days at 20°C and 6 - 8°C. Moreover the extent of inhibition was decreased with temperature decreasing. Conclusion. The both of the Y. pseudotuberculosis protein toxins has been revealed to affect on the biofilm formation by Y. pseudotuberculosis bacteria, however, the impact of HLTY and HSTY in the processes of biofilm formation was shown to be different, and the mechanism of such action of toxinsis under way.
Evolution of the ring current ion population, as observed by the CRRES/MICS instrument

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Using the MICS instrument on CRRES, we have examined high charge state magnetospheric ions in the energy range 20–400 keV/Q, believed to be originally solar wind material, as well as singly charged Oxygen and helium. We will present survey plots of MICS data from the whole CRRES mission. These show a number of interesting features. In particular, it can be seen that the generic feature of storm bulk ring current composition changes is the emergence of a concentration of ionospheric material at low (L=3) altitude, and its rise to higher L‐shells during the recovery. By contrast, solar wind material remains preponderantly at higher L‐shells, and a belt of ring current alphas forms around L=4. The altitude of the peak in ionospheric material is a strong function of Dst. Substorms are seen to reflect the background composition at energization, with onset properties apparently unrelated to injection composition, but may contribute to the upflow of oxygen subsequent to onset. During the solar storm of March 1991 we see a considerable increase in the numbers of alpha particles, Fe, Si and other species. Simultaneous changes in their charge states are seen. For example, in the case of iron, we can recognize charge peaks around 9 and 16, and swings between the dominant charge state. The swings in other species charge states are consistent with a change in source temperature from 1.1 to 2.5 million degrees, as expected for different streams of coronal origin. It is clear that this material is locally trapped within the magnetosphere, which suggests that not only has there been an abrupt change between fast and slow stream material, but also that this signature has penetrated promptly to geostationary altitude. This hypothesis is to some extent confirmed by data from the GOES 7 satellite, which shows evidence of a sudden compression of the magnetosphere coincident with the start of the main period of high charge state material. The signature of a change from low to high temperature seems to fit well the suggestions of Tsurutani and Gonzales (ref /5/) of a fast stream tamped by a slower one as a generator of great storms.
β-Quaternion Centralized Fusion Estimation Problem Under First-Order Properness Conditions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The linear least mean-squared error (LLMSE) centralized fusion filtering and one-stage prediction problem is addressed in the β -quaternion domain, by using observations provided by multiple sensors. With the aim of reducing the computational burden of the estimation recursive algorithm, the first-order properness conditions have been studied, leading to a reduction in the augmented state-space model. A numerical simulation example illustrates the improvement in the estimations obtained with the proposed algorithm compared to those calculated with its quaternion counterpart when first-order properness conditions are satisfied.
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF FENOTEROL HYDROBROMIDE IN PURE AND DOSAGE FORMS

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Two sensitive, simple and rapid spectrophotometric methods for determination of fenoterol either in pure or pharmaceutical preparation are described. The first proposed method (A) is based on coupling fenoterol-with 3-Methylbenzothiozolin-2-one-hydrazone-hydrochloride (MBTH) in presence of ferric chloride hexahydrate in acid medium. The resulting stable coloured product showed an absorption maximum at 485 nm against reagent blank. The second proposed method (B) is based on the oxidative coupling of fenoterol with 4-Aminoantipyrine (4-AAP) in presence of potassium dihydrogenphosphate and potassium ferricyanide. The stable coloured product showed an absorption maximum at 528 nm. Appropriate conditions were established for both methods. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range 4-12 µgml-1 and 10-20 µgml-1 for method A & B respectively.
Molar absorptivity and Sandell sensitivity for method A 8.05x104 Lmol-1 cm-1 and 4.8x10-3 µgcm-2, while for method B is 3.194x104 L mol-1 cm-1 and 1.202x10² µgcm-2. The detection and quantification limits are calculated. The developed methods are applied successfully for the determination of fenoterol in pure and in pharmaceutical formulation without interference from common excipients.