jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Galangal and ginger essential oils exerted microbial growth inhibitory activityand preservation potential on tofu

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Galangal and ginger are commonly used as spices. Interestingly, their antimicrobial activity has been reported against a wide array of microorganisms. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of essential oils of galangal and ginger on the microbial growth, physical characters, and preservation potential on tofu during 8-day storage at room temperature. The essential oils were prepared by steam-and-water distillation method, and their constituents were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). The microbial growth on the tofu was evaluated by the indirect enumeration method. The physical characters of tofu were organoleptically observed. The preservation potentials were calculated based on the changes in tofu physical characters relative to the negative control. The main constituents of galangal essential oil were 1,8-cineole, β-farnesene, and α-pinene, while those of ginger were geranyl acetate, 1,8-cineole, and camphene. Galangal essential oil significantly inhibited microbial growth, maintained the texture of tofu until day eight, and exerted preservation potential for four days. The same preservation effect was shown by ginger essential oil at 6.26 mg/mL, however it generated a weaker microbial growth inhibitory activity and resulted in the unfavorable texture on tofu. Hence, galangal essential oil is a suitable candidate to be developed into a natural food preservative.
Two-sided Platform Pricing and Competition under Realistic Pricing Structure

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper is motivated by the prevailing pricing structure and competition in Chinese food-delivery market. Currently, two oligarchs in China’s food-delivery market are Meituan-Dianping Takeout and ELEME Takeout, which accounting for more than 95% of the market share. Both of these platforms charge a percentage commission based on per-transaction price and involve per-agent fee. So far, few research has been found to make analysis under such realistic pricing structure, and we help to fill this gap by developing a model for platform competition based on the model developed by Armstrong. The results we get under the realistic pricing structure and cost verify the propositions of Armstrong under per-transaction fee, which may stem from that the percentage commission charged on per-transaction price is similar to the per-transaction fee.
The effects of hyperlipidemia on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of amiodarone and ketoconazole

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The influence of hyperlipidemia on the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic aspects of lipophilic drugs was explored. The antiarrhythmic, amiodarone, and the antifungal, (±)-ketoconazole, were used as model drugs. Experimental hyperlipidemia was induced in rat using poloxamer 407 and two sensitive novel HPLC assays were developed. In a multiple dosing study, hyperlipidemia increased amiodarone plasma concentrations, heart concentrations and electrocardiographic changes. The amiodarone heart uptake could not be totally attributed to its unbound fraction, where the cardiac very low density lipoprotein receptors seemed to play a role in the uptake of bound drug. Amiodarone liver metabolism in presence and absence of hyperlipidemia was studied using isolated primary rat liver hepatocytes. The metabolism of amiodarone was lower in hepatocytes isolated from hyperlipidemic than those from normolipidemic rats. Hyperlipidemic serum resulted in a decrease in amiodarone metabolism and when coincubated, the expected decrease in unbound fraction seemed to resulted in greater inhibition of metabolism. (±)-Ketoconazole showed stereoselectivity in its pharmacokinetics in rat with (+)-ketoconazole showing higher plasma concentrations than its antipode. This was attributed to its higher protein binding. There was no difference in the total bioavailability of the two enantiomers. Ketoconazole enantiomers exhibited nonlinear pharmacokinetics. In normolipidemic rat plasma ketoconazole enantiomers were more than 95% bound to lipoprotein deficient fraction. Hyperlipidemia resulted in shifting both enantiomers 20% to very low density and low density lipoprotein fractions. In a pharmacokinetic assessment, hyperlipidemia was found to increase ketoconazole enantiomer volume of distribution. Moreover, the stereoselectivity ratios of most pharmacokinetic parameters were changed. After oral dosing, the uptake of (-)-ketoconazole was significantly decreased. Since ketoconazole is used as a potent CYP3A inhibitor, alteration in liver concentrations of (-)-ketoconazole, the more potent inhibitory enantiomer, could decrease its CYP inhibitory potential. Hyperlipidemia potentiated the CYP-mediated interaction between ketoconazole and midazolam with significantly higher midazolam AUC and lower clearance. This was attributed to the inhibitory action of ketoconazole and the effect of hyperlipidemia on the binding of midazolam. Hyperlipidemia was found to unexpectedly decrease midazolam unbound fraction in plasma. In conclusion, the findings could explain some unexpected dose versus effect outcomes in hyperlipidemic patients receiving amiodarone or ketoconazole.
Rapid in situ diversification rates in Rhamnaceae explain the parallel evolution of high diversity in temperate biomes from global to local scales

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary The macroevolutionary processes that have shaped biodiversity across the temperate realm remain poorly understood and may have resulted from evolutionary dynamics related to diversification rates, dispersal rates, and colonization times, closely coupled with Cenozoic climate change. We integrated phylogenomic, environmental ordination, and macroevolutionary analyses for the cosmopolitan angiosperm family Rhamnaceae to disentangle the evolutionary processes that have contributed to high species diversity within and across temperate biomes. Our results show independent colonization of environmentally similar but geographically separated temperate regions mainly during the Oligocene, consistent with the global expansion of temperate biomes. High global, regional, and local temperate diversity was the result of high in situ diversification rates, rather than high immigration rates or accumulation time, except for Southern China, which was colonized much earlier than the other regions. The relatively common lineage dispersals out of temperate hotspots highlight strong source‐sink dynamics across the cosmopolitan distribution of Rhamnaceae. The proliferation of temperate environments since the Oligocene may have provided the ecological opportunity for rapid in situ diversification of Rhamnaceae across the temperate realm. Our study illustrates the importance of high in situ diversification rates for the establishment of modern temperate biomes and biodiversity hotspots across spatial scales.
Exposure of Tumor-Associated Macrophages to Apoptotic MCF-7 Cells Promotes Breast Cancer Growth and Metastasis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have been found to be associated with the progression and metastasis of breast cancer. To clarify the mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between TAMs and cancer stem cells (CSCs) in breast cancer recurrence and metastasis, we used a co-culture model of macrophages and apoptotic human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 cells to investigate the effects of TAMs on MCF-7 in vitro and in vivo. Macrophages co-cultured with apoptotic MCF-7 had increased tumor growth and metastatic ability in a nude mouse transplantation assay. The macrophages exposed to apoptotic cells also induce an increase in the proportion of CD44+/CD24− cancer stem-like cells, as well as their proliferative ability accompanied with an increase in mucin1 (MUC1) expression. During this process, macrophages secreted increased amounts of interleukin 6 (IL-6) leading to increased phosphorylation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3), which likely explains the increased transcription of STAT3 target genes such as TGF-β1 and HIF-1α. Our results indicate that when cancer cells endure chemotherapy induced apoptosis, macrophages in their microenvironment can then activate cancer stem cells to promote cancer growth and metastasis by secreting IL-6, which activates STAT3 phosphorylation to regulate the transcription of its downstream target genes.
The Folded–Winged Wasps of the Bermudas, with Some Preliminary Remarks on Insular Wasp Faunæ

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Through the whim of fashion, which affects Science as well as every other human institution, it has come to pass that in biogeographical studies the “ecological” aspect nowadays has the center of interest; while the purely “geographical,” or distributional, method, as exemplified by Wallace's work, is being sadly neglected. To make matters worse, the professional “ecologist” gives undue prominence to the strictly physiological side of the problem, <it>viz</it>. the reaction of the organism to the environment. Other equally important topics of the animal's (or plant's) biology, such as food-habits, reproduction, enemies and parasites, seem hardly worthy of his attention. At the risk of being dismissed as antiquated by the prophets of the day, I am presenting this brief paper in support of the contention that “ecology” alone cannot teach us <it>all</it> the story of the present-day distribution of animals and plants.
Preclinical Toxicology Studies with Acyclovir: Ophthalmic and Cutaneous Tests

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Preclinical Toxicology Studies with Acyclovir: Ophthalmic and Cutaneous Tests Get access WALTER E. TUCKER, Jr, WALTER E. TUCKER, Jr Wellcome Research Laboratories3030 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar RONALD E. JOHNSTON, RONALD E. JOHNSTON Wellcome Research Laboratories3030 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ALEXANDER W. MACKLIN, ALEXANDER W. MACKLIN Wellcome Research Laboratories3030 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ROBERT J. SZOT, ROBERT J. SZOT Wellcome Research Laboratories3030 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar GERTRUDE B. ELION, GERTRUDE B. ELION Wellcome Research Laboratories3030 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar PAULO de MIRANDA, PAULO de MIRANDA Wellcome Research Laboratories3030 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar GEORGE M. SZCZECH GEORGE M. SZCZECH Wellcome Research Laboratories3030 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Toxicological Sciences, Volume 3, Issue 6, November 1983, Pages 569–572, https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/3.6.569 Published: 01 November 1983
An Analysis About Distrust on Public Authorities Represented in 2010’s Korean Films

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

이 논문은 2010년대 한국 영화의 주요한 흐름이었던 부패한 공권력을 소재로 하는 영화를 분석하는 것을 목표로 한다. 이는 이 시기 흥행한 한국 상업 영화는 유독 부패한 공권력과 그것의 해결을 자주 묘사했고 이것이 대중적 호응을 얻은 것을 배경으로 하며, 구체적 영화 텍스트의 서사와 이에 대한 관객의 반응을 분석함으로써 공권력에 대한 사회적 상상을 규명하려는 것이다. 연구 결과, 본 논문은 이 같은 영화들이 공권력에 대한 한국인의 불신과 체념을 동시에 시사하며, 현실을 비판하는 이 영화들도 체제의 근본적 변화는 바라지 않는 중산층의 관점이 반영된 것이고 이것이 흥행 혹은 그렇지 않았을 경우 흥행하지 못한 원인이라 주장한다. 요컨대 당대 대중은 큰 변화 대신, 현 체제가 제대로 작동되기를 바란다. 이 연구는 문화연구의 방법으로 최근 흥행한 영화들이 연속적으로 수행한 사회적 역할을 규명하는 의의를 가지며, 본 연구는 동시대의 텍스트를 분석했기에 적절한 거리 확보가 어렵다는 한계를 갖는다. 이에 따라 향후 더 넓은 관점에서 다시 연구되어야 할 것이다.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Transport Properties of Li1‐2xCo1+xVO4 Lithium Ionic Conductors.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Relative Source Contributions of Diet and Air to Ingested Asbestos Exposure

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Reliable assessments of the relative contributions of diet (food, beverages, and orally administered drugs) and air (inhaled fibers) to total ingested asbestos exposure are not feasible due to the paucity of quantitative data on the subject. Instead, scenarios for both modes of exposure were developed from the limited information available to give crude estimates of ingestion of asbestos from these routes. They suggest that such sources are potentially significant relative to the contribution of asbestos exposure derived from drinking water. Research recommendations are discussed.
ACCELERATING COMPACT OBJECT MERGERS IN TRIPLE SYSTEMS WITH THE KOZAI RESONANCE: A MECHANISM FOR “PROMPT” TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE, GAMMA-RAY BURSTS, AND OTHER EXOTICA

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

White dwarf-white dwarf (WD-WD) and neutron star-neutron star (NS-NS) mergers may produce Type Ia supernovae and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), respectively. A general problem is how to produce binaries with semi-major axes small enough to in significantly less than the Hubble time (t_H), and thus accommodate the observation that these events closely follow episodes of star formation. I explore the possibility that such systems are not binaries at all, but actually coeval, or dynamical formed, triple systems. The tertiary induces Kozai oscillations in the inner binary, driving it to high eccentricity, and reducing its gravitational wave (GW) merger timescale. This effect significantly increases the allowed range of binary period P such that the merger time is t_merge < t_H. In principle, Chandrasekhar-mass binaries with P ~ 300 days can merge in < t_H if they contain a prograde solar-mass tertiary at high enough inclination. For retrograde tertiaries, the maximum P such that t_merge < t_H is yet larger. In contrast, P < 0.3 days is required in the absence of a tertiary. I discuss implications of these findings for the production of transients formed via compact object binary mergers. Based on the statistics of solar-type binaries, I argue that many such binaries should be in triple systems affected by the Kozai resonance. If true, expectations for the mHz GW signal from individual sources, the diffuse background, and the foreground for GW experiments like LISA are modified. This work motivates future studies of triples systems of A, B,and O stars, and new types of searches for WD-WD binaries in triple systems.
Signal-to-noise properties of mammographic film-screen systems

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the detective quantum efficiency (DQE) have been experimentally determined as a function of spatial frequency for several mammographic film-screen systems. These two parameters were determined from our measurements of noise power spectra and sensitometric properties of each system along with modulation transfer function (MTF) data for the screens which were obtained from others. From the noise power spectra, it was found that film noise contributes significantly to the total noise of mammographic film-screen systems, comprising 30%-50% of the total noise at 1 cycle/mm and as much as 75% at 5 cycles/mm. All systems had approximately the same SNR below 1.5 cycles/mm, but differed at higher frequencies due to differences in screen MTF and in the gradient of the film's sensitometric curve. The DQE curves varied between systems at all frequencies, however, due to differences in system speed, MTF, and gradient. Generally, the DQE of mammographic film-screen systems is between 10%-30% at frequencies below 1 cycle/mm and decreases to about 1% between 8 and 12 cycles/mm. Compared to film-screen systems used in general radiography, mammographic systems have similar DQE values at low frequencies, but are superior at higher frequencies.
Studies on the Various Problems in Acupuncture Research Using a Hypothetical Experimental Design.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

鍼灸の研究方法における種々の問題を検討するために, 仮想実験を行なった。その結果, 鍼通電刺激群の方が置鍼群に比べて統計学的検定から有意に効果が高いことが明らかとなった。この仮想実験の結果に基づき作成された簡単な論文を材料として, その中に見られる記載の不備, 実験計画法の欠落, 統計上の種々の誤りなどを具体的に指摘し, 解説を加えた。さらに, 多標本実験計画法とそれに基づく統計学的評価法の鍼灸研究における問題点も併せて考察した。
Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as prognostic biomarker for idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in Egyptian children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Objectives: It is important to distinguish steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) from steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) to avoid initial full dose steroid therapy in the latter. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a biomarker of acute kidney injury (AKI) even on top of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim is to determine urinary NGAL level in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) as a prognostic factor for INS, it can predict steroid resistance early in the course of INS. Subjects and Methods: The present study was carried out on ninety children with INS who were admitted in Pediatric Nephrology Unit of Tanta University Hospital. Thirty healthy children of the same age and sex served as control group. The subjects were subdivided into three groups: Group 1 (SSNS), Group 2 (SRNS), and Group 3 (controls). Patients and controls were subjected to clinical evaluation, laboratory investigations which included 24 h urinary collection for urinary volume and protein, complete blood count, serum cholesterol, serum albumin, blood urea, serum creatinine, and urinary NGAL measurement by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: There was a significant increase in uNGAL levels in SRNS when compared with SSNS or controls. There was no significant difference in uNGAL levels between Group 1 and Group 3. ROC curve of uNGAL to predict SRNS had cutoff value >315 at the area under the curve 0.9, sensitivity 86.7%, and specificity 93.3%. There was a significant positive correlation between urinary NGAL level and age of patients and disease duration and serum creatinine level. Conclusions: Urinary NGAL can predict SRNS in INS in children.
Detection of Pasteurella Multocida by qPCR Associated with Pneumonic Lung in Pigs Slaughtered in Mato Grosso Brazil

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Pasteurella multocida is considered a important pathogens of swine respiratory system, causing progressive atrophic rhinitis, septicemia and pneumonia in pigs. The aim of this study is to quantify Pasteurella multocida in lungs of slaughtered pigs with and without pneumonia by qPCR technique and evaluate the interactions between bacteria and viruses by analyzing the association and the correlation between them using qPCR, microbiological and histopathological examinations of the lungs. Of the 109 samples collected, 61 samples showed no macroscopic lesions and 48 samples with macroscopic lesions. A total of 45.8% (22/48) of lung lesion group and 4.9% (3/61) of the group without lesions were positive for P. multocida isolation, being the only significant association with the lesion and control groups (p
Growth, mineral content and antioxidant activity of romaine lettuce in relation to development stage in soilless system

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Lettuce is an important vegetable crop worldwide that widely grown hydroponically and usually consumed raw as salad. Developing an optimal harvest strategy could increase lettuce production and nutritional quality. The aim of the present research was to evaluate growth, mineral content, total phenols and flavonoids content and antioxidant activity of soilless (hydroponic) grown romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia) leaves at three growth stages (“S1”-28 days after planting (DAP), “S2”-42 DAP, “S3”-56 DAP). Head fresh weight and number of leaves per head were higher at third growth stage; however, at this stage the size of lettuce head and leaf tissue hydration is highest which might affect the consumer choice for the produce. Regarding leaf chemical composition, the highest content of total phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity were observed during the first two growth stages. Mineral content of leaves generally decreased during plant development with significant highest contents being observed during the first growth stage for N and during the first two growth stages for P, K, Ca and Mg. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that chemical composition of lettuce is highly dependent on plant development stage, and harvest stage might be considering for product biomass and bioactivity content to attain consumer’s acceptance.
Study the effectiveness of cross docking warehouse

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Supply Chain Management has evolved over the years. Today, businesses aim to meet satisfy customers expectations in the most cost effective method. Distribution is a key factor in many supply chains today and to be a leading competitor in the global market today, many businesses focus on distributing products to customers in the quickest and most cost effective method. A strategy has to be in place for businesses to remain competitive in the industry. Cross docking is valuable part of strategy that many companies have adopted in their distribution strategy.
Identification of Orangutan Nest Tree Types (Pongo pygmaeus) in KHDTK Mungku Baru, Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Muhammadiyah University of Palangkaraya has a KHDTK covering an area of ​​4,910 ha. However, research on Orangutan is still very minimal and limited to KHDTK Mungku Baru. Therefore, this research aims to determine several trees used for habitat and food for orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) in KHDTK Mungku Baru, Palangka Raya City, Central Kalimantan. Observations from research on Orangutan (P. pygmaeus) nests showed that there were 19 nests from 27 tree species identified in 9 different tree species, dominated by Meranti (Shorea) and Guava (Syszgium) trees. Characteristics of Orangutan (P. pygmaeus) nests: There are 5 types of nests, namely types A, B, C, D and E.