jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Anagliptin protects neuronal cells against endogenous amyloid β (Aβ)-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Excessive generation and accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) fragments by familial mutations of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin 1 (PS1) play a key role in causing oxidative stress, mitochondrial abnormalities and neuronal apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Anagliptin, a novel DPP-4 inhibitor, is a clinical drug for the management of type II diabetes approved for use in 2012. Little on the pharmacological function of anagliptin against Aβ-induced cytotoxicity in neuronal cells is known. Here, we examined the protective capacities of anagliptin against cytotoxicity in N2a neuronal cells overexpressing APP Swedish mutant and PS1 exon 9 deletion mutant (N2a/Swe.D9). Our results demonstrate that anagliptin reduced the production of ROS and the expression of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX-4) in N2a/Swe.D9 cells. We also reported that anagliptin activates the antioxidant system by increasing the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. Notably, anagliptin is able to improve mitochondrial function by elevating mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. Additionally, our results demonstrate that anagliptin decreased the vulnerability of cells to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced secondary insult by increasing cell viability and reducing the secretion of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB-1). Importantly, we found that treatment with anagliptin suppressed the mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis pathway by preventing the translocation of cytochrome C, reducing cleavage of caspase-3, and the inhibiting expression of Bax. These results implicate that anagliptin may have potential as a therapeutic agent for AD treatment.
New Insight on the Polymer Flooding to Mature Fields

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A polymer flooding Pilot in Brazil showed positive results and distinct from other Pilots, in terms of increased oil production and reducing the water produced. These results, however, could not be attributed to viscosity correction - the fundamental principle of the process according to literature -, because the combination of adverse conditions of application, such as high salinity and hardness of the water reservoir, heterogeneity and canalization formation, as well as reduced injected polymer mass. The aim of this work was to reproduce in laboratory scale the phenomenon observed in Pilot. The laboratory flow tests were performed at constant rate in natural porous media, in the range of 100 mD and 1000 mD, and in metallic porous media 60000 mD, at HPAM concentrations of 10 ppm and 1000 ppm, salinity 38000 ppm and temperature 50 °C. The injectivity field test was conducted at concentrations of 300, 500 and 1000 ppm, followed by water injection and monitored with tracers. The residual resistence factor (RRF) as a result of the flow of the HPAM solution at very low concentration (10 mg/L) was much higher than RRF due to the flow of concentrated HPAM solution (1,000 mg/L). As unexpected, in the field, presenting significant finger, the lowest pressure occurred at the highest polymer concentration. The tracer test confirmed the significant decrease in permeability after HPAM injection. Evaluations reported show that the concentration regimes of HPAM dispersions are highly impactful in the flow in porous media, and could be related also to the polymer hydrodynamic volume. As an example, injection of a polymer dispersion of 10 ppm caused a higher factor of residual resistance than the promoted by dispersing 1000 ppm, even at high salinity and high permeability conditions. The results extend our understanding of the mechanisms governing the behavior of polymer dispersions in porous media, particularly in the process of correcting mobility in mature fields.
An Investigation of Electric Field Coupling Effects on High-Frequency Calibration of Near-Field Magnetic Probes

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the effect of electric field coupling on high-frequency correction results during near-field noise measurements using a magnetic field probe is presented. Due to the increasing influence of electric field coupling in the GHz frequency band, high-frequency distortion of the correction factor of the magnetic field probe occurs, which in turn degrades the final magnetic field correction accuracy of the measurement results. The impact of the electric field coupling on the magnetic field probe and the resulting errors in the correction results were verified through three-dimensional electromagnetic field simulations.
Interpretation of Dynamic Survey Measurement on Pavement with Treated Roadbase

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

For over 50 years, the structural condition of a conventionnal pavements has been characterized by the bearing capacity, measured through the deflection produced by a rolling or impact load. However, modern pavements exhibit specific defects which have small or even no effect on deflection. To overcome this difficulty, two types of dynamic survey methods have been developed, the so-called “dispersive methods”, and the “impedance method”. The first group involves single-, two- and multi-station dispersive methods. Theoretical and experimental studies show that, although the multi-station dispersion method seems the most powerful! one, it requires considerable resources, and thus it is, today, inadequate for routine analysis of pavements. The two-station method provides, when pavement layers are correctly bonded, a simple but promising approach for determining the mechanical parameters of the pavements. The impedance method, which was recently developed by the french “Laboratoires des Ponts et Chaussées (LPCs)”, provides a reliable means to assess the state of pavements interlayers, and thus complete the two-station dispersive method. Therefore, the LPCs developed a new piece of equipement, the COLIBRI system, which applies both methods on a routine basis.
Significant Production Enhancement of Extended Reach, Prolific Gas Lift Oil Wells -- Case History of Systematic Problem Resolution

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Most oil wells producing from the Glauconite YY Pool of the Lake Newell field in Southern Alberta, Canada have very high flow capacities. Wellbore operations are complicated by the configuration of the slant wells with surface angles of 45 that can reach 75 at bottom and horizontal displacements in excess of 6600 ft. During the development of this field, it was determined that there was a full cycle economic advantage to utilize gas lift as the primary artificial lift scheme because of the extended reach slant wellbore configurations. In 1996 opportunities to economically enhance production and accelerate recovery were identified in several of these gas lifted wells. Wellbore performance could not be matched to any theoretical tubular flow simulation thus a significant effort was made to understand these differences which, after consultation with various international experts, still did not offer a definitive explanation. Some of the production impairment mechanisms considered were phase separation and stratification of fluids (water, oil, and gas) in the tubing, wax/paraffin formation, and unknown fluid rheologies. An attempt to production log one well was unsuccessful because the well ceased to produce with the decreased flow diameter of coiled tubing inside 2.875 inch production tubing. Since some wells are producing at drawdowns as low as 5%, significant production enhancement opportunities still needed to be pursued along with identifying the welibore production impairment mechanism. Larger diameter tubing (3.5 inch) was run in a 70% water cut well increasing production from 850 BLPD to 1130 BLPD, which was still significantly lower than theoretical rates of 3150 BLPD. A demulsifier chemical, that the cross functional property team had previously identified as being effective in reducing high pressure drops in surface piping, was introduced into the injection gas stream. Two days after chemical injection began, the well started to produce at theoretically predicted production rates; however, it was very unstable and would cycle to original rates for long periods of time followed by very high rates again due to changing annular fluid levels. This prompted the installation of a chemical injection capillary tubing to bottom resulting in sustained production of 3000 BLPD: a 150% increase and near the theoretically predicted rates. This paper will sequentially outline the diagnostic and operational methodology used to solve the very difficult problems encountered with unconventional wellbores and fluids. It will emphasize the value of teamwork in problem resolution and demonstrate that perseverance in working through a problem or issue follows a modified Shewhart Cycle. The well improvements outlined in this paper have significantly contributed to enhancing the economic oil recovery of the YY Pool. P. 67
Angular absorptance and thermal degradation analysis of TiB 2 /Ti(B,N)/SiON/SiO 2 multilayer solar absorber coating

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Multilayer solar selective absorber coatings have been developed in the last few decades. The thermal stability in terms of microstructure gives an insightful understanding of the optical properties of such coatings. In this context, we extensively utilized transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis to establish the thermal stability of TiB 2 /Ti(B,N)/SiON/SiO 2 coating, under thermal cycling/continuous heating to 500°C in vacuum for 250 h. In particular, this work reports the variation in the solar absorptance of TiB 2 /Ti(B,N)/SiON/SiO 2 coating with different angles of incidence of the solar radiation. Extensive analysis using the TEM technique reveals the presence of oxide interlayers that act as diffusion barrier layers to enhance the thermal stability of the coating. Computational simulation using SCOUT software validates the measured reflectance spectrum of the developed multilayer coating. The minor changes in absorptance and emissivity after heat treatment in vacuum at 500°C, together with high solar absorptance over a broad angular variation, establish the potential application of TiB 2 /Ti(B,N)/SiON/SiO 2 as a selective coating in concentrated solar power systems.
Screening of Copper-Resisting Hydrocarbon Degrading Bacteria and Biosurfactant Production

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Four bacterial isolates that were known to degrade hydrocarbons were screened for copper (Cu) resistance and biosurfactant production. Based on spectrophotometry, isolate D had the highest growth (p<0.05) followed by isolate A, isolate C and isolate B with the least growth. Biosurfactant screening assays confirmed that both isolates D and A produced biosurfactant. The dry-weight of biosurfactant obtained from partial purification suggested that there was a direct relationship between the number of cells present and the amount of biosurfactant produced. Gram staining showed that isolate D and isolate A are gram negative and gram positive respectively. The results showed that gram negative bacteria was able to show tolerance towards 20.0 mg/L Cu, possible by secretion of biosurfactant to chelate Cu ions in reducing the metal toxicity.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha(TNF- a) Expression in Mice Infected with Aspergillus Fumigatus Using Immunohistochemichal Technique.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Expression of TNF-α in the lung, liver kidney were shown in the nuclei of the tissue cells and detected by IHC technique. Depending on the scoring system used for the TNF-a, two parameters were dependent; the intensity of the staining of the nuclei and the percentage of the cells Giving positive expression. The intensity of the nuclei of the stained cells was negative if there is no expression. Expression was found positive in all the studied organs ,but different in score and intensity, in lung over expression(score 3+) in 7, 14 and 21 days post infection with moderate staining at 7 day and intense staining at 14, 21 day respectively, in liver expression was (score 2+, score 2+,and 3+) with moderate staining at 7 and 14 day post infection while there is intense staining at 21 post infection. The expression in the spleen was (score1+) with light staining at the period between 7 to 14 day then increase at21 day reach to score 2+with moderate staining. TNF-α expression in all studied sample compared with the positive control. Results show significant difference ( P value >0.01) in the expression between the studied organs.
Fungus ball: Clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment in 31 cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment, and outcome of pulmonary Fungus ball have been known to depend on the underlying lung disease. We described clinical findings, diagnosis and results of surgical treatment of Fungus ball. Methods: From 1992 to 2005, we operated 31 patients with aspergilloma. Among them, 18 were male with a median age of 52 (30 to 70 years). 11 were afflicted with simple aspergiolloma and the rest with complex aspergiolloma. Results: Hemoptysis and cough were the most complaints. Diagnostic tools were CXR and CT scan. Tuberculosis and Bronchectasis were the most common underlying lung diseases. 39 procedures were performed in the patients. The most common surgical procedures were Lobectomy, wedgresection and closed tube cavernostomy with amphotericin installation in the cavity. The most common postoperative complications in the complex type were bronchopleural fistula, empyema and persistent space. Intraoperative mortality occurred in two cases because of bleeding during one to four year follow-up. Eight patients died because of sepsis and respiratory failure. Conclusions: Because of the underlying lung disease, postoperative complications and mortality rate were high especially in complex aspergiolloma. However, surgery is the approach of choice in these patients. In high-risk patients, tube cavernostomy could be helpful.
Phytochemical screening and wound healing potential of Cuscuta reflexa

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The present study was to investigate pharmacognostical, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of extracts from stem of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Standard procedures have been followed to evaluate the pharmacognostical properties and preliminary screening of phytochemicals of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Albino Wistar rats(either sex) weighing 150–200 g were taken and made to acclimatize by providing them with the appropriate room conditions in the experimental room. Excision wound model has been selected for analgesic and wound healing activity for evaluating potential of the water-extract and ethanolic extract from the stem of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. The macroscopic and microscopic studies showed the various characteristic features of stems. Preliminary screening of phytochemicals reveled that alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids were the major groups of phytochemicals present in the successive extracts. Water and ethanolic extracts from stem of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg were able to alleviate pain and wounds. It is concluded that the stems of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb have a markedly therapeutic potential to heal wound and may provide the pharmacological basis for its folk uses.
Owner Involvement in Construction Site Safety

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Since the 1980's, owners have greatly expanded their involvement in construction site safety. Owners who take a pro-active role in safety can significantly influence the safety experience on a construction project. The importance of owner involvement in ensuring safety is reflected in the recent ASCE Policy Statement 350 which states that "construction site safety requires attention and commitment from all parties involved" and that "owners should take an active role in safety." In addition, the rising costs of health care and workers' compensation, as well as the escalation of litigation involving third parties, are not being ignored by owners. Owners realize that the costs of injuries are ultimately reflected in the cost of construction. The role of owners in construction site safety has been recently studied. Research has shown that owners can effectively enhance project safety by taking such actions as requiring the designer to address safety during project planning and design, pre-qualifying constructors based on safety, addressing safety in the contract, and promoting safety awareness through the project team. This paper provides an overview and evaluation of the actions that owners can take to ensure safety on construction sites. The paper describes elements of and guidelines for an effective "owner safety program" — a program that owners can implement on a project to promote construction site safety and help ensure zero accidents.
Efficacy and Safety of Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion in Mild Mitral Stenosis Patients with High Bleeding Risk

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is highly prevalent in patients with mitral stenosis (MS), but the efficacy of left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) in these patients remains unclear.The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of LAAO in patients with MS complicated by AF at high risk of bleeding.We recruited patients from September 2015 to September 2018. We compared the 3-year outcomes of LAAO in 21 patients with AF complicated by MS and 42 sex- and age-matched patients with AF without MS.The MS group had more cases of peripheral arterial embolism (28.6% versus 2.4%, P = 0.004), more spontaneous echo contrast (47.6% versus 9.5%, P = 0.001), a larger LAA orifice diameter (P < 0.01), and a slower LAA flow (P < 0.05) than the Non-MS group. The mean size of the selected occluder device was bigger for patients with MS than for patients with Non-MS (29.2 ± 3.7 versus 26.9 ± 3.1 mm, P = 0.014). In the first 45 follow-up days, 2 (9.5%) patients with MS had device-related thrombi (DRT); one of them had transient ischemic attack 24 hours postoperatively. From 45 days to 6 months, one patient in each group had DRT. After 6 months, two patients in the Non-MS group still had residual leaks; one of them had a stroke, with a small DRT. The proportion of dual antiplatelet therapy was higher in the Non-MS group than in the MS group (33.3% versus 4.8%, P = 0.012), but this population had an increased bleeding risk.LAAO is relatively effective and safe for preventing embolic events in patients with MS complicated by AF, at high risk of bleeding.
6.5  m telescope for multi-object spectroscopy over a 3° field of view

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Multi-object spectroscopy via independently positioned optical fibers is of growing importance in many research areas in astronomy. Currently the most powerful instrument of this type is the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), now being commissioned at the 3.8 m Mayall telescope. It has a 3.2° field of view where spectra of 5000 different objects may be recorded simultaneously. Here we present an optical design for a two-mirror 6.5 m telescope with 3.0° field of view, for an etendue 2.6 times larger than for DESI. The images are at f / 3.7 for fiber matching, and —averaged over the field and elevations down to 40°—have a diameter of 0.53 arcsec for 80% encircled energy. We outline methods capable of polishing and testing the 1.56 m diameter gull-wing lens of the wide field corrector. If a 2 m diameter lens could be made, the same design could be scaled up to an 8.4 m primary for a 4.3-fold etendue advantage.
Enhancement of Investment Decision Making Using Real Options with Application to Advanced Process Control Project

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Feasibility study is one of the most important parts of decision making for project investment.Current industrial approach to estimate benefit of advanced process control (APC) is based on the conventional estimation techniques, namely, statistical analysis, net present value, and payback period.These conventional approaches can answer the investment either 'Go' or 'No Go'.The gap analysis reveals that economic uncertainties and inflexibility of decision criteria are the issues required improvement on the decision making process.In this paper, we apply a real options approach to develop option to defer analysis as part of the proposed feasibility study of APC project.We demonstrate improvement of the proposed method with a case study on ethylene plant in Thailand.The result shows that option to defer can answer 'when to defer' and 'when to invest'.Hence, this approach enhances the investment decision making under economic uncertainties and provides flexible decision criteria.
Solar Physics DOI: 10.1007/•••••-•••-•••-••••-• Global Solar Free Magnetic Energy and Electric Current Density Distribution of Carrington Rotation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Solar eruptive phenomena, like flares and coronal mass ejections(CMEs) are governed by magnetic fields. To describe the structure of these phenomena one needs information on the magnetic flux density and the electric current density vector components in three dimensions throughout the atmosphere. However, current spectro-polarimetric measurements typically limit the deter-mination of the vector magnetic field only to the photosphere. Therefore, there is considerable interest in accurate modeling of the solar coronal magnetic field using photospheric vector magnetograms as boundary data. In this work, we model the coronal magnetic field for global solar atmosphere using a nonlinear force-free field(NLFFF) extrapolation codes implemented to a synoptic maps of photospheric vector magnetic field synthesized from Vector Spectromagnetograph (VSM) on Synoptic Optical Long-term Investigations of the Sun (SOLIS) as boundary condition. Using the resulting three dimensional magnetic field, we calculate the three dimensional electric current density and free magnetic energy throughout the solar atmosphere for Carrignton rotation 2124. We found that spatially, the low-lying, current-carrying core field demonstrates strong concen-tration of free energy in the AR core, from the photosphere to the lower corona; the coronal field becomes slightly more sheared in the lowest layer and it relaxes to the potential field configuration with height. The free energy density appears largely co-spatial with the electric current distribution.
The Stakes and Threats of the Convergence Between Media and Telecommunication Industries

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract Convergence between media (TV and press industry) and telecoms is growing in the USA and in Europe (especially France). Streaming video services and the use of smartphones to watch TV require efficient connections and explain this growth pattern, despite early failure to establish causality. New business models based on contents and personal data emerge. Companies want to expand their subscriber bases, which questions the economic power on gatekeeping content and Internet access. Regulators should adapt their tools and objectives to new challenges as afforded by convergence.