jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Main and epistatic QTL analyses for Sclerotinia Head Rot resistance in sunflower

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sclerotinia Head Rot (SHR), a disease caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is one of the most limiting factors in sunflower production. In this study, we identified genomic loci associated with resistance to SHR to support the development of assisted breeding strategies. We genotyped 114 Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) along with their parental lines (PAC2 –partially resistant–and RHA266 –susceptible–) by using a 384 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Illumina Oligo Pool Assay to saturate a sunflower genetic map. Subsequently, we tested these lines for SHR resistance using assisted inoculations with S. sclerotiorum ascospores. We also conducted a randomized complete-block assays with three replicates to visually score disease incidence (DI), disease severity (DS), disease intensity (DInt) and incubation period (IP) through four field trials (2010–2014). We finally assessed main effect quantitative trait loci (M-QTLs) and epistatic QTLs (E-QTLs) by composite interval mapping (CIM) and mixed-model-based composite interval mapping (MCIM), respectively. As a result of this study, the improved map incorporates 61 new SNPs over candidate genes. We detected a broad range of narrow sense heritability (h2) values (1.86–59.9%) as well as 36 M-QTLs and 13 E-QTLs along 14 linkage groups (LGs). On LG1, LG10, and LG15, we repeatedly detected QTLs across field trials; which emphasizes their putative effectiveness against SHR. In all selected variables, most of the identified QTLs showed high determination coefficients, associated with moderate to high heritability values. Using markers shared with previous Sclerotinia resistance studies, we compared the QTL locations in LG1, LG2, LG8, LG10, LG11, LG15 and LG16. This study constitutes the largest report of QTLs for SHR resistance in sunflower. Further studies focusing on the regions in LG1, LG10, and LG15 harboring the detected QTLs are necessary to identify causal alleles and contribute to unraveling the complex genetic basis governing the resistance.
6560 Atypical Diabetes Mellitus in a Mother-Son Pair with Multiple Autoimmune Conditions & Pathogenic Variant in BCL11B Inherited from the Mother

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Disclosure: R. Elrajabi: None. N. Gurtunca: None. The etiology of diabetes can be challenging to determine at times and misdiagnosis is common in all age groups. To provide the right treatment and enhance glycemic control, which results in better outcomes and fewer comorbidities, an accurate diagnosis is crucial. We describe a mother-son pair who share a pathogenic variant in BCL11B gene with multiple autoimmune conditions including atypical autoimmune DM. A 13 year old young boy with a history of 33-week prematurity, developmental delay, autoimmune hypothyroidism, and vitiligo presented with concerns for DM given mother’s recent diagnosis of DM treated with Metformin and GLP-1 receptor agonist with poor control of her DM. His mother has a learning disability, hypothyroidism, alopecia totalis, vitiligo and hypertension. Interestingly, he and his mother share a genetic variant in BCL11B gene detected on whole exome sequencing sent as part of the workup of developmental delay. His weight and height were in the 13.5% and 13.9% centiles, respectively. He has vitiligo, but other than that, the physical examination was unremarkable. He is prepubertal. HbA1c was high, 6.4% despite the presence of anemia. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was consistent with DM as was his repeat HbA1c of 7.1%. He had elevated IA 2, zinc transporter 8, and GAD 65 antibodies, all consistent with autoimmune DM. He was admitted to the hospital and started on both long-acting and short acting insulin via multiple daily injections. BCL11B is a transcription factor that is expressed in all T cells and regulates important processes involved in T cell growth, survival, and function, including Treg cells and Foxp3 activity. Autoimmune diseases have been linked to abnormal Treg activity and Foxp3 deficiency. BCL11B functions as a checkpoint required for T cell lineage commitment while minimizing natural killer cell potential. Impaired BCL11B activity at a young age result in severe whole-body autoimmunity, defined by a fully stimulated immune system similar to animals lacking functioning Treg cells. DM associated with BCL11B variant has not previously been reported. If we follow the theory that autoimmunity affects beta cell function or mass, this patient's and his mother's DM and autoimmune disorders are most likely connected to the BCL11B variation they share. Presentation: 6/2/2024
The Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Variations and Mechanisms for the Near-Surface Wind Speed Over China in the Last 40 Years

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

Near-surface wind speed is of great significance in many aspects of the human production and living. This study analyses the spatiotemporal characteristics of the near-surface wind speed and wind speed percentiles with meteorological station observations in China from 1979 to 2019. Furthermore, the mechanisms of the wind speed variations are also investigated with ERA-Interim reanalysis dataset. Spatially, the wind speeds in the northern and eastern regions of China are larger than that in the central and southern regions. Seasonally, the wind speed in spring is significantly larger than that in the other seasons. The dispersion degree of wind speed in spring is larger than that in the other seasons both spatially and temporally. The near-surface wind speed in China shows significantly decreasing trends during 1979–2019, particularly in 1979–1999, but the wind speed trend reversed after 2000. After dividing the wind speed into different percentiles, it recognizes that the decreasing trend of stronger winds are more significant than that of weaker winds. The weaker the wind speed, the more significant increasing trend after 2000. Therefore, the decreasing wind speed trend before 2000 is mainly caused by the significant reduction of strong wind, while the reversal trend after 2000 results from the increase of weak wind. The variations of the wind speed over China attributed to both the U and V wind components, and the variations of zonal wind is closely related to the weakened upper westerly wind field and the uneven warming between high and low latitudes.
Actin Depolymerization Affects Stress-Induced Translational Activity of Potato Tuber Tissue1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Changes in polymerized actin during stress conditions were correlated with potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber protein synthesis. Fluorescence microscopy and immunoblot analyses indicated that filamentous actin was nearly undetectable in mature, quiescent aerobic tubers. Mechanical wounding of postharvest tubers resulted in a localized increase of polymerized actin, and microfilament bundles were visible in cells of the wounded periderm within 12 h after wounding. During this same period translational activity increased 8-fold. By contrast, low-oxygen stress caused rapid reduction of polymerized actin coincident with acute inhibition of protein synthesis. Treatment of aerobic tubers with cytochalasin D, an agent that disrupts actin filaments, reduced wound-induced protein synthesis in vivo. This effect was not observed when colchicine, an agent that depolymerizes microtubules, was used. Neither of these drugs had a significant effect in vitro on run-off translation of isolated polysomes. However, cytochalasin D did reduce translational competence in vitro of a crude cellular fraction containing both polysomes and cytoskeletal elements. These results demonstrate the dependence of wound-induced protein synthesis on the integrity of microfilaments and suggest that the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton may affect translational activity during stress conditions.
The Role of Family, Community and Education in the Development of Patriotic Spirit in Youth

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article informs the importance of family, community and education in educating the young generation in the spirit of military patriotism, as well as the idea that the education of today's youth is one of the most responsible and urgent tasks, and the idea that the Motherland is one. It is about inculcating it in the minds and thinking of the rising generations.
LPG, CNG, AND BIOGAS AS MOTOR FUELS. LITERATURE REVIEW

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Liquid petroleum gas (LPG), natural gas and biogas are good motor fuels. Their use has become general where the exhaust gas emissions should be as small as possibile. Their use is restricted by high prices, storage difficulties in vehicles and a low number of supply stations. LPG and natural gas are well suited to spark ignition engines. Natural gas is also suitable as the main fuel for diesel engines, but diesel oil is required as ignition fuel. The fuel properties of biogas are similar to those of natural gas. There are three ways to modify a diesel engine to run partially or totally with gas: (1) modification to a spark ignition engine, the substituting degree being 100%, (2) a so-called mixed diesel conversion, where gas is fed among intake air, substituting degree 35%, and (3) a diesel with pilot injection, where the gas used as the main fuel is ignited with diesel oil and the substituting degree may be 70 to 80%. In vehicles LPG is the most commonly used, either in mixed-diesels or spark ignition versions. In stationary engines, the most common combination is a pilot diesel and natural gas.
Patient education: a potential marketing tool for the private physician.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

To keep pace with increasing competition, the private physician is encouraged to consider a patient education program as a marketing tool. Meeting the educational needs of patients is presented as an opportunity to create a trusting environment in the practice, enhance the doctor-patient relationship, and increase the active role of the patient in the health care process. A management model is proposed for successfully planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling the patient education program.
Moral Realism and Indeterminacy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The account of indeterminacy is brought to bear on normative, and especially moral, discourse. Cognitivism is easily secured by the theory of pleonastic propositions, but facts about moral discourse conjoined with the theory of indeterminacy entail that moral realism is neither determinately true nor determinately false, that no substantive moral propositions have determinate truth values.
The effect of production system on fatty acid composition in beef meat of Cika young bulls.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of the study was to determine chemical and fatty acid composition in meat of Cika bulls fattened in two production systems. Eight bulls were semi-intensively fattened with a total mix ratio (TMR), while ten were grazed without cereals supplementation. Housed bulls were slaughtered at the age of 20.0 months while grazed bulls were slaughtered at the age of 23.5 months. Samples of M. longissimus dorsi located between the 7th and 8th rib were used to determine the chemical and fatty acid composition. Data were analysed using the GLM procedure of the SAS/ STAT. Model 1 was used to test the effect of production system on the chemical composition of meat. Model 2 was used to test the effects of production system and the intramuscular fat content nested within the production system as linear regression on the fatty acid composition. Significant differences were determined in intramuscular fat (14.54 vs. 8.57 g/kg, P = 0.015) and in dry matter content (231.85 vs. 239.49 g/kg, P = 0.032) in beef meat of TMR fed and in grazed bulls, respectively. Beef meat of grazed bulls contained significantly lower palmitic acid (19.87 vs. 21.03 wt.%, P = 0.002), oleic acid (26.18 vs. 30.01 wt.%, P = 0.007) and MUFA (29.88 vs. 33.80 wt.%, P = 0.010) and higher α-linolenic (3.33 vs. 1.45 wt.%, P = 0.014), EPA (1.40 vs. 0.57 wt.%, P = 0.002), DPA (1.84 vs. 1.06 wt.%, P = 0.001), PUFA (21.42 vs. 19.43 wt.%, P = 0.047) and n-3PUFA (6.80 vs. 3.24 wt.%, P = 0.001) compared to TMR fed bulls.
Complement-Induced Histamine Release from Human Basophils

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Human serum activated with zymosan generates a factor (C5a) that releases histamine from autologous basophils. Previously we have presented evidence that this mechanism for C5a-induced release differs from IgE-mediated reactions. The effect of several pharmacologic agents known to alter IgE-mediated release was studied to determine whether they have a similar action on serum-induced release. Deuterium oxide (D2O), which enhances allergic release, inhibited in a concentration-dependent fashion the serum-induced reaction at incubation temperatures of 25 and 32°C. The colchicine-induced inhibition was not reversed by D2O. Cytochalasin B, which gives a variable enhancement of IgE-mediated release, had a marked enhancing effect on the serum-induced reaction in all subjects tested. The following agents known to inhibit the IgE-mediated reaction also inhibited serum-induced release at 25°C: colchicine, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, aminophylline, isoproterenol, cholera toxin, chlorphenesin, diethylcarbamazine, and 2-deoxy-D-glucose. These results suggest that the serum-induced release is modulated by intracellular cyclic AMP, requires energy, and is enhanced by the disruption of microfilaments. The lack of an effect by D2O would suggest that microtubular stabilization is not required. The data can be interpreted to indicate that IgE- and C5a-mediated reactions diverge at a late stage in the histamine release pathway.
An axisymmetric free surface with a 120 degree angle along a circle

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

An axisymmetric flow due to a submerged sink in water of infinite depth is considered, with a stagnation point on the free surface above the sink. Forbes & Hocking (1990) calculated numerically a flow for each value of the Froude number F smaller than a critical value F c . For F close to F c there is a ring-shaped bump on the free surface. At F = F c , the crest of the bump becomes a ring of stagnation points. We use the numerical procedure of Hocking & Forbes to show that the bump is the first crest of a train of axisymmetric waves. The wave amplitude decreases with increasing distance from the source. Then we give a local analysis of axisymmetric free-surface flows with a circular ring of stagnation points. We find flows in which the surface has a discontinuity in slope with an enclosed angle of 120° all along the ring. This behaviour is consistent with the numerical solution for F = F c near the crest of the bump.
On the use and abuse of wording factors: A systematic review and estimation of derived indices using the RSES

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Several studies have proposed the bifactor structure as the optimal model to represent wording effects observed with balanced scales. This specification allows to separate variance accounted for by the attribute from the variance attributable to the measurement method, which is used to examine the substantive or artifactual interpretation of the wording effect. However, the suitability of these method factors for this use is uncertain due to the risks of overfitting and lack of stability and interpretability of the estimated parameters, aspects barely examined in previous research.In this paper, using different indices of model assessment, we examine the degree to which the attribute and wording factors are psychometrically well-defined to serve in the SEM context as predictors or criteria, illustrating their use with the RSES scale. We carried out a systematic review in four databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PsycArticles, and Google Scholar), which resulted in 71 records that reported the factor loadings of the bifactor model or made their data available. Our findings suggest a greater prominence of the general factor in all the indicators associated with the explained and reliable common variance, stability, and construct's replicability. In contrast, the specific factors related to item wording exhibited low values in the indices of replicability and consistency.These findings support the argument that the RSES is essentially a one-dimensional instrument. Most generally, the results question the argument that wording factors can be considered appropriate criteria for examining the underlying nature of wording effects.
Philomela's Legacy: Rape, the Second World War, and the Ethics of Reading

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article addresses the ethical quandaries of the wartime rape of German women by Russian soldiers during the last months of the war. In particular, I discuss the multiple challenges involved in reading such rapes: the danger of identifying the victimization of these women with the victimization of the German nation; the danger of trivializing or downplaying the suffering of the rape victim; the challenge of writing about rape without recycling Nazi narratives. Rape is, as Sabine Sielke maintains, “a dense transfer point for relations of power.” My readings show that, when wartime rape is made to serve an ideological agenda, as it inevitably is, the experience of the victim, her trauma and pain, threaten to disappear amidst the noise of justifications, metaphors, and political deployments. Drawing on the mythical model of Philomela, I argue that there is a legacy of violence in both silence and in writing, but there is also an ethics of reading that allows one to pay tribute to the victims’ suffering even as one negotiates and recontextualizes their stories.
Study of the biological and economic impact of OJD in affected sheep flocks in NSW : 12 farm mortality study.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

This study provides industry with factual information about the impact of OJD on farms in southern Australia. This is needed to assess the magnitude of the OJD problem and to direct control and management programs. On 12 farms, the average annual OJD mortality rate based on inventory records from 2002-2004 was 6.8% (range 1.8% to 17.5%), well above the accepted annual mortality rate (from all causes) for Australian sheep flocks. OJD losses accounted on average for 70% (range 17% to 100%) of the estimated total financial loss associated with sheep deaths in 2002. In addition this project confirmed that prevalence based on pooled faecal culture (PFC) could be used as an indicator of OJD mortality level and provided support for further investigation of several risk factors in a larger future study (MLA OJD.038). The gross margin model developed provides estimates of on-farm cost of OJD and of vaccination control for wool and sheep-meat enterprises including break-even points for vaccination at various prevalence levels. We recommend that producers, through industry extension activities, be informed of the substantial losses associated with OJD and be encouraged to apply the model to support decision making regarding OJD control.
Theories of the Motion of the Satellites of Mars

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A new analytical theory of the motion of the satellites of Mars has been formulated. The theory of the motion of Phobos, a satellite of Mars, is presented in detail [1]. The accuracy of the theory (15 meters during 2000 days in the position of Phobos) is the best result found in the literature so far. The theory is based on two fixed gravitational center problem as the zeroth approximation in the perturbation theory. Analytical functions of this problem are expressed as a series of the third order with respect to the J2 and J3/J2 zonal harmonics of Mars. The perturbational function consists of many elements [2]. Several elements of the gravitational field of Mars, gravitational interactions between Phobos and Mars, Deimos and Jupiter, as well as tidal effects due to the interaction between the Sun and Mars have been taken into account in the calculations [3]. An alternative theory of the motion of Phobos, based on the Kepler problem and the assumptions of the analytical model, is also discussed. Similar theories for the second satellite of Mars, Deimos, are also discussed.
Innovatively Fused Deep Learning with Limited Noisy Data for Evaluating Translations from Poor into Rich Morphology

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Evaluation of machine translation (MT) into morphologically rich languages has not been well studied despite its importance. This paper proposes a classifier, that is, a deep learning (DL) schema for MT evaluation, based on different categories of information (linguistic features, natural language processing (NLP) metrics and embeddings), by using a model for machine learning based on noisy and small datasets. The linguistic features are string based for the language pairs English (EN)–Greek (EL) and EN–Italian (IT). The paper also explores the linguistic differences that affect evaluation accuracy between different kinds of corpora. A comparative study between using a simple embedding layer (mathematically calculated) and pre-trained embeddings is conducted. Moreover, an analysis of the impact of feature selection and dimensionality reduction on classification accuracy has been conducted. Results show that using a neural network (NN) model with different input representations produces results that clearly outperform the state-of-the-art for MT evaluation for EN–EL and EN–IT, by an increase of almost 0.40 points in correlation with human judgments on pairwise MT evaluation. It is observed that the proposed algorithm achieved better results on noisy and small datasets. In addition, for a more integrated analysis of the accuracy results, a qualitative linguistic analysis has been carried out in order to address complex linguistic phenomena.
How to pay for the debt — Coping with the Third World's crisis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The Brady Plan is the first official proposal to give priority to a tangible reduction in the debtor countries' debt service burden and is thus a milestone along the path towards overcoming the international debt crisis. However, the instruments foreseen in the Plan virtually invite criticism and scepticism. What are the main inadequacies of the Brady Plan? How can the international debt strategy be developed further and made more effective?