jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Impact of bactibilia on the development of post operative septic complications in patients undergoing pancreatico duodenectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND:
Bile is normally sterile, but stasis, presence of foreign body (stones, parasites, stents), predispose to bactibilia. Pancreaticoduodenectomy is the definitive procedure for cancer of the head of pancreas and periampullary cancers. It is a morbid procedure with high incidence of post-operative complications. Septic complications are the leading cause of post-operative morbidity. This study intends to determine any association between positive bile cultures and post-operative septic complications.
METHODS:
Thirty consecutive patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy in Christian Medical College, Vellore, were studied. Cefazolin, Amikacin and Metronidazole were given within 1 hour of skin incision in all patients.
Cefazolin and Metronidazole were repeated at 4 hourly intervals during the operation. Patients, who had been stented previously or had any other biliary intervention, were given a single dose of Amikacin the day after the operation. This practice has since been discontinued. Intra-operatively, bile was sent was for culture, in a blood culture medium (BacT/ALERT FA Plus). Post-operatively, these patients were followed up for the development of septic complications. Antibiotics were given if there was hemodynamic instability (attributed to sepsis) or organ dysfunction. Choice of antibiotics was dependent on bile culture report. Cultures from blood or intra-abdominal collections were compared with the intra-operative bile cultures. The overall development of complications in the post-operative period was compared between bile culture positive and negative patients.
RESULTS:
Bactibilia was present in 60% of the study population. Of these Escherichia coli (56.7%) and Enterococci (43.3%) were the most common organisms isolated. Sixty percent of patients developed septic complications post-operatively. Post-operative septic complications included wound infection, intra-abdominal collections and septicemia. Pre-operative biliary intervention did not have any statistically significant association with infected bile or septic complications. Pre-operative variables like history of cholangitis, intra-operative variables like hypotension, tachycardia or blood transfusion, did not have any association with post-operative septic complications. Four of the study patients succumbed to septic complications.
CONCLUSIONS:
Pre-operative biliary intervention is not associated with increased incidence of infected bile. Bactibilia does not lead to infective complications post-operatively, in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy.
The power of the content of the influencers in inducing impulse buying: mediating role of trust

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The present research examines an underlying mechanism outlining how features of the influencers’ content influence the consumers’ urge to buy impulsively through the mediation of trust. Moreover, the moderating role of persuasion knowledge is also investigated in this study. Design/methodology/approach By employing persuasion theory and social capital theory, this study develops a framework that is tested on 251 social media users. The PLS-SEM modeling technique is employed for data analysis. Findings Results indicate that vicarious expressions and informational value are the two main characteristics of the influencer’s content, which develop trust in influencers’ posts and instigate an UBI. In addition, trust in influencer posts serves as a mediator between content characteristics and UBI. However, no moderating role of persuasion knowledge was found. Originality/value The present study offers an inclusive understanding of how marketers can strategically use influencers by leveraging the influential power of their content.
On Rationality in The Traveler’s Dilemma

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Kaushik Basu presents the Traveler’s Dilemma (TD) as a challenge to Game Theory. This challenge has been experimentally investigated. When faced with Basu’s version of the TD, participants (including experts in game theory) behave inthe way Basu suggests. However, a little change in the game turns out to reverse participants’ choices. The question is, then, whether it is possible to provide an account of the main empirical findings as consequences of rational choices (i.e., torationalize them). There are several proposals in the literature but none of them provides a satisfactory account for why experts in game theory playing against each other usually reject the only undominated option of the TD. The goal of this article is to suggest an alternative proposal that fixes this problem.
The Application of K-Means Clustering Algorithm in the Profit of Building Material Rental Customers

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

K-means clustering algorithm is a common Unsupervised learning algorithm. It divides samples into multiple clusters by calculating their similarity, and each cluster represents a class of samples. In the profit analysis of building materials leasing customers, different customers can be classified and analyzed based on their profit levels using K-means clustering algorithm to find the high and low points and characteristics of profits. Specifically, for different customers, relevant financial data, business data, and other related data can be collected and integrated, such as the type of leased equipment, lease term, etc. Based on this data, K-means clustering algorithm can be used to establish a customer profit model, dividing customers into different clusters according to their profit level. Customers within the cluster have similar financial and leasing characteristics, which can better reflect the actual situation of the customer group. By analyzing different clusters, we can discover the profit level and characteristics of each cluster, and further grasp the leasing situation, leasing time, equipment type, and other information of customers in different clusters. These analysis results can serve as the basis for customer clustering management. By analyzing the characteristics and predictions of customer needs, a fast and accurate leasing plan can be formulated to improve customer satisfaction. In addition, building materials leasing companies can develop personalized marketing strategies based on cluster analysis results for customers in different clusters, and launch different preferential measures and service plans for customers with different profit levels to achieve differentiated competition. In summary, the K-means clustering algorithm can be well applied to the profit analysis of building materials leasing customers. Through cluster analysis, customers can be classified based on factors such as their profit level and leasing characteristics, providing more accurate and practical market analysis and management decision support for enterprises. In practical applications, it is necessary to select appropriate data and algorithms based on the actual situation, and continuously adjust and optimize them to ensure the accuracy and stability of the model.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Prevalence and Type Distribution in Urban Areas of Malaysia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cervical cancer is the third leading cause of death in Malaysia, and Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is the principal aetiology that is responsible for its development. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of HPV types among different age groups, ethnicity, and areas in Malaysia.A total of 764 women aged 20-74 years old within the cities of Johor Bahru, Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Penang, and Kota Kinabalu underwent both cervical cytological assessment and HPV DNA analysis. Cervical cytology glass slides were prepared using the liquid base technique (Path TEZT TM). HPV DNA was extracted using TANBead® Nucleic Acid Extraction Kit (Taiwan Advanced Nonotech Inc.), then the types were further identified using a DR.HPV Genotyping IVD kit.The prevalence of HPV infection was 14.0% (107/764) with high-risk type at 10.7% (82/764) and low-risk type at 3.27% (25/764). The most common high-risk HPV types were HPV-52, 66, 33, 39, and 58 whereas low-risk HPV types were HPV-6, 40, and 81. The majority of HPV infections (80.37%) were detected in women with normal cytology results. The most prevalent HPV type among Chinese is 33 (n=6) followed by 16, 44, 58, 66 and 68 (n=5). Among Malays, HPV 16 and 51 were the two most prevalent types (n=2). The sensitivity of the HPV DNA test compared to cytology was 100% with a specificity of 88.37%.This study revealed that the most common high-risk HPV type among women living in urban areas in Malaysia is HPV 52, unfortunately which is not the type of infection the current HPV vaccine is covered for protection among females. These findings may contribute beneficial information to health care providers for the appropriate use of HPV vaccine in the prevention of cervical cancer in Malaysia.
Shared functional organization between pulvinar-cortical and cortico-cortical connectivity and its structural and molecular imaging correlates

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The pulvinar, the largest thalamic nucleus, is a highly interconnected structure supporting perception, visuospatial attention, and emotional processing. Such a central role relies on a precise topographical organization reflected in anatomical connectivity and neurochemical markers. Traditionally subdivided into distinct subnuclei, recent work shows that these divisions only partially explain its organization, which is better captured by continuous gradients of cortical connections along dorso-ventral and medio-lateral axes. While well studied in primates, this gradient-based architecture remains less explored in humans. The present work combines high-quality, multimodal structural and functional imaging with a whole-brain, large-scale, PET atlas mapping 19 neurotransmitter systems. By applying diffusion embedding to tractography, functional connectivity, and receptor coexpression, we identify multiple gradients of structural connections, functional coactivation, and molecular binding patterns. These converge on a shared representation along the dorso-ventral and medio-lateral axes of the human pulvinar, aligning with connectivity transitions from lower-level to higher-order cortical regions. Moreover, this is paralleled by gradual changes in the expression of molecular markers associated with key neuromodulator systems, including serotoninergic, noradrenergic, dopaminergic, and opioid systems. Our findings advance the understanding of pulvinar anatomy and function, offering an exploratory framework to investigate the role of this structure in both health and disease.
Biologically Inspired Mechanisms for Processing Sensor Rich Environments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Biological organisms use a combination of attention and arousal to control the amount of sensory data being sent to their central nervous system’s higher order processing. We propose using what neuroscience has learned about these natural mechanisms to construct a biologically inspired model of how sensor input can be filtered and fused in a large-scale DAI system. We then show how this model can be implemented using our Goal Mind agent environment and discuss how such an implementation can be tested.
Assujettissement et subjectivation: réflexions sur l'usage de Foucault en éducation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this article, the author explores the possibility of using Foucault's thought in the field of education. At first sight, school seems to be a place where nobody can escape this form of power Foucault calls discipline. As Foucault's thinking develops, it tries to overcome this pessimism, but not to the point of giving back supremacy to the idea of the subject as an unconditional principle: it leads rather to an ethics of the concern for self. It is not impossible to link this ethics to educational practices but it is more difficult to consider it as a pure model for the educational act. Perhaps we should rather consider Foucault's thought as an invitation to vigilance and invention. And we should try to remain aware of the problem it points out: the difficulty of conceiving (and being) a self or a subjectivity which would not be simply the effect of techniques of subjection and, a fortiori, the difficulty of thinking the educational act as able to train such a self.
Ultrasonic testing of composite materials damaged by lightning strikes

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Currently the aerospace and manufacturing industries are excessively involved with Composites as their main materials for the construction of parts. During operations, composites are prone to heat damaged that may result in delamination and debonding. After a long period of time , the composites will lose its strength properties and eventually lead to fatigue failure which is undesirable. Conventional ultrasonic testing (C-scan) can be done to locate such defects. This report will emphasize the detrimental effect of lightning strike on variable composites. Internal damage are not apparent to our naked eyes and it can only be determined by Non-destructive test like C-scan. The results obtained will show the internal damage done by different heating temperature and multiple heating. Undamaged composites are also scanned to have a comparison and also to test the integrity of the ultrasonic machine. Damage through heating with a heat gun is simulated to the actual lightning strike. Thus the heat of 1500 degree Celsius was used to heat the composites at different timing and repeated heating. Characteristics of defect areas and non-defect areas would be discussed. Results would be presented in this report with images and qualitative and quantitative analysis where applicable. This study also aims to compare the external damage with the internal damage
Impact of delayed care on surgical management of patients with gastric cancer in a low‐resource setting

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer in Eastern Africa. Diagnostic delays in low‐resource countries result in advanced disease presentation. We describe perioperative management of gastric cancer in Rwanda. Methods A retrospective review of records at three hospitals was performed to identify gastric adenocarcinoma cases from January 2012 to June 2016. Multiple perioperative and tumor‐related variables were collected. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed. Results The final analysis included 229 patients with gastric cancer. Median age was 58 years (interquartile range [IQR] 49‐65) and 49.6% were female ( n = 114). Patients reported symptoms (ie, weight loss, epigastric pain) for a median time of 12 months (IQR 7.5‐24). On presentation, 18.8% ( n = 43) had gastric outlet obstruction; 13.5% ( n = 31) had a palpable mass. Fifty‐one percent ( n = 117) underwent an operation; of these, 74% ( n = 86) received gastrojejunostomy or were inoperable; and 29% ( n = 34) underwent curative resection. Palliative care referrals were made for 9% ( n = 20). Pathology reports were available for 190 patients (83.0%). Only 11.3% ( n = 26) had Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) testing of which 65.4% tested positive ( n = 17). Conclusions A majority of patients presented with advanced disease. Very few patients had a curative resection. Significant advances in diagnosis and treatment are needed to improve the care of gastric cancer patients in Rwanda.
“Naked” Speech in Late Republican Rome

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter focuses on Cicero and his contemporaries to offer evidence for the existence and distinctiveness of populist rhetoric in the late Roman republic. In contrast to the claim of an “ideological monotony” in the republic, this chapter argues we can trace the outlines not only of a popularis ideology, but of a popularis style—a style grounded in key assumptions about the relationship between orator and audience. Cicero characterizes the speech of his popularis adversaries as “naked,” casting it as lacking in artifice and control. That assessment, however polemical, points to a recognizable difference in the rhetorical styles on offer to the Roman public. The chapter argues that Cicero conceived of stylistic diversity as a means by which the orator demonstrated responsiveness to the audience. For the populares, by contrast, unaffected speech signaled that the speaker’s identification with the people was so complete that no accommodation was required.
Sleuthing; a public health activity.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Because of the unusual coincidence of three cases of acute glomerulonephritis in one family, a private pediatrician was able to alert the Marin County Health Department to the presence of a formidable organism, Group A, Type 12, streptococcus in one community in Marin County. With the cooperation of private physicians, schools, a public health team and the Stanford University Research Laboratory, this outbreak was halted at its very start.
1. African American Soldiers and the Origins of Korean Transnational Adoption

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

African American soldiers took part in the child-centered humanitarian efforts that developed during the Korean War. The efforts that all soldiers made to provide food, clothing, shelter, and educations for Korean children displaced or orphaned by the war received considerable political and media attention. The black press mobilized the stories of black soldiers caring for Korean children to advance the fight for African Americans’ civil rights in the military and throughout US society. However, African American soldiers’ social and sexual relationships with Korean women revealed the ways that many black men exploited vulnerable women in war-torn countries. The children born as a result of these relationships faced punishing exclusions and ostracism because of US and Korean race and gender hierarchies that restricted the legal and social status of black men and the Korean women who associated with soldiers. These ideas would influence the development of Korean transnational adoption and African Americans’ participation in this method of family formation.
Determination of citrate as its iron(III) complex by differential pulse polarography

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<p>We present finite difference thermal modeling to predict temperature distribution, heat flux, and thermal resistance inside lasers with different waveguide geometries. We provide a quantitative experimental and theoretical comparison of the thermal behavior of shallow-ridge (SR) and buried-heterostructure (BH) lasers. We investigate the influence of a split heat source to describe p-layer Joule heating and nonradiative energy loss in the active layer and the heat-sinking from top as well as bottom when quantifying thermal impedance. From both measured values and numerical modeling we can quantify the thermal resistance for BH lasers and SR lasers, showing an improved thermal performance from 50K/W to 30K/W for otherwise equivalent BH laser designs.</p>
Study of large scale large power control source electromagnetic with “earth-ionosphere” mode

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

There are only a few number of publications relate to the electromagnetic fields which including the responds of ionosphere, air and earth (called the earth-ionosphere mode). Recently, some geophysics simulated this similar mode, but the effects of ionosphere and displacement current in the air are not taken into account.In this study, we establish the geology model based on the earth-ionosphere mode.And we apply R function method to obtain the electromagnetic fields equations for horizontal electric bipole, at the same time, the effects of ionosphere and displacement current in the air are considered.We simulate the electromagnetic fields and discuss their characters after verified the method.Th° results indicate that the earth-ionosphere mode EM fields have an extra wave-guide zone due to the influence of the ionosphere and displacement current in the air, the wave-guide field become large with the space of transmitter-receivers increasing, and the field behavior in the wave-guide zone is very different from the far field zone.
Mass spectrometry applications in microbiology beyond microbe identification: progress and potential

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Mass spectrometry (MS), particularly MALDI-time of flight (MALDI-TOF), has become a routine tool for microorganism identification in clinical microbiology laboratories in the last five years. The use of MALDI-TOF MS has accelerated laboratory analysis, thus providing accurate species-level information with very short turnaround times. Areas covered: Beyond microbe identification, MALDI-TOF MS offers great opportunities for fast strain typing and detection of antimicrobial susceptibility/resistance in both bacterial and fungal organisms. Drawing on evidence from PubMed literature searches, clinical microbiology laboratory experience, and the authors' opinions, this review summarizes recent significant advances and ongoing challenges in these areas. Expert commentary: In the near future, it is expected that the implementation of new analytical algorithms, automation of procedures, and refinement of assays will enhance the clinical and epidemiological usefulness of MALDI-TOF and other MS technologies.
Cuneiform Tablet 1913.14.1521, Spurlock 1913.14.1521

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

[Text Description:] Document concerning barley ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] Spurlock 1913.14.1521; CDLI P421373 ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Alphabetic Cuneiform ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Yellowish White (10YR 9/2) ❧ [Physical Object Note:] 5.3 x 4.1 x 2.2 cm (47 g)
Factors Related To Self-Care Activities In The Elderly With Diabetes Mellitus In Bener Meriah Regency

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The number of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) survivor were continuously increasing, especially among the elder population. This study aims to identify any factors associated with self-care activities in the elder with DM, also the relationship between knowledge, self-efficacy, and family support to the self-care activities in such population. The data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS for univariate, bivariate (Pearson), and multivariate (logistic regression) techniques. The results indicate that there was a relationship between knowledge and self-care activities in the elder with DM (0.000 0.05), and there was no relationship between self-efficacy and self-care activities (0.824 0.05). Moreover, a significant relationship showed between knowledge and self-care activities (0.000 0.05), and based on the linear regression test results, this research concluded that family support (0.000 0.05) become the most decisive factor and influence on self-care activities in the elder with diabetes mellitus in Bener Meriah