jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Protective Effect of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning on Acute Kidney Injury Following Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Objective To determine whether remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) improves renal outcomes in children undergoing pediatric cardiac surgery. Method A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of RIPC on the incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) and ICU length of stay. Results Six RCTs with 1098 patients were included.RIPC significantly reduced the incidence of AKI (OR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.25–0.60, P < 0.00001, I²=38%). There was no significant effect on postoperative sCr, TNF-α levels and ICU length of stay (all P values > 0.05, I² >80%). Sensitivity analyses showed a large impact of some studies on the results. Conclusion RIPC significantly reduced the incidence of AKI after pediatric cardiac surgery, showing its potential renoprotective effect. Although the effect on other postoperative indicators was not significant, high heterogeneity limits the certainty of the conclusions. Future studies should focus on multicenter, large-scale trials with detailed subgroup analyses to explore the mechanism of action and effects of RIPC in different patient populations.
311. GLYCOSYLATION MODIFICATIONS CORRELATING WITH PLASMA CCL11 ELEVATION IN PATIENTS WITH MODERATE DEMENTIA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Elevated levels of C-C motif chemokine ligand 11 (CCL11, also known as eotaxin-1) have been reported in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the mechanism behind its increase during the pathological process remains unclear. Aims & Objectives The aim of this study is to use a pathway-based genome-wide association study (GWAS) to uncover the genetic mechanisms underlying the pathological processes. Method A total of 117 participants from the Healthy Aging Longitudinal Study in Taiwan (HALST) and 5 from Chang Gung Memorial Hospital were used as reference controls, along with age- and gender-matched dementia patients: 50 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 49 with mild dementia, and 23 with moderate dementia. Genetic DNA samples were extracted, and genome-wide genotyping was performed. Plasma CCL11 levels were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Results The age range for participants from HALST was 51 to 88 years, while the age range for Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients across different disease stages was 55 to 91 years. Cognitive function, as assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), was reduced (Kruskal-Wallis test, p &lt; 0.0001), while plasma CCL11 levels were increased (Kruskal-Wallis test, p &lt; 0.0001) in AD patients. Pathway-based association analysis revealed statistically significant findings in the moderate dementia group of AD patients. Significant associations were found between plasma CCL11 levels and pathways related to the elongation of N-glycan antennae (pathway based p = 0.00004), the modification of N-glycans in cellular or biochemical contexts (such as in culture media or transfected cells) (pathway based p = 0.00006), and the N-glycosylation of proteins in the Golgi apparatus (pathway based p = 0.0001). These pathway genes of MGAT4C, B4GALT4, and SEC24C (p ≤ 0.0001) showed highly significant associations with the plasma CCL11 levels in moderate dementia. Discussion & Conclusions In summary, the moderate dementia stage is where post-translational modifications, glycosylation of CCL11, and genes associated with CCL11 elevation are most prominent. Further studies will use cellular models to verify the biological roles of these pathway genes.
Effect of Oral Adsorbent on Blood Metabolites in Hepatic Failure Dogs

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

AST-120 is a specially synthesized carbonaceous adsorbent for oral use. It mainly adsorbs low to middle molecules in the alimentary tract. In the present study, AST-120 was administered to hepatic failure dogs, and blood metabolites were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Thirty adult mongrel dogs underwent posta-cavae (P-C) shunts with 40% and 70% hepatectomies. They were divided into two groups, the AST group (n= 19) and control group (n=11). The AST group received about 0.5 g/kg of the adsorbent intermittently with diet after the operation. The control group was fed the ordinary diet. Body weight, blood ammonia, plasma bile acids were measured, and blood metabolites were analyzed by the multi-column HPLC system. P-C shunt dogs with 70% hepatotectomies died within three months showing about 40–50% body weight loss. HPLC analysis of their plasma showed some specific peaks for middle molecules, about 3000–5000 daltons. After administration of the adsorbent, these peaks were not detected, so it was considered that these substances had been adsorbed.
Statistical translation (A)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Effective communication is indispensible in our everyday lives. With the blooming business market in China, being able to communicate fluently in Mandarin is essential for all multinational corporations. Hence, there is a huge demand for an accurate translation system. This report introduces the main concepts in Computational Linguistics and various methods of translation used to develop the theory and the system implemented. It also illustrates the system designs of the two translator application systems implemented, the preliminary and finalized model. The preliminary model is developed under the C# environment, a programming language that is user friendly and easy to learn as it generally uses Standard English. The finalized model is built on a Java environment, a language that is widely used. This model is an enhanced model of the preliminary model to include more sophisticated modules to create a more accurate and full featured translation application. Results and recommendations, such as integrating speech synthesis for users to learn the pronunciation of the English and Chinese words, are proposed at the end of this report.
Border Tax Equalization

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The question of whether domestic taxes can be applied to imports or stripped from exports has bedeviled the international trading system for over a century. Border adjustments are meant to address political and economic concerns about a level playing field both with respect to trade and tax competitiveness. The law of the World Trade Organization lays out rules for border tax equalization for both imports and exports, but the rules are not crystal clear and the legal caselaw is sparse. This article explains these basic rules and their historical and jurisprudential derivation. The last part of the article looks at some controversial questions regarding the use of border adjustments in pursuit of environmental and international climate objectives.
The Role of Animals in Travels Creation and Their Logistic

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The complex analysis of travel creation by the willingness to observe or interact with animals was conducted in the paper and also animals’ role in travel logistic was discussed. As the theoretical background the problem of experience – in reference to the experience economy - was pointed, as the main tourists’ motivation to meet animals. The concept of experiencescape by Mossberg and Actor-Network Theory by Callon i Latour was presented. The paper has an overview character. The aims of the paper were the analysis of following problems: – Animals as the motive of the trip; – Animals as the touristic attraction; – Animals as the threat of travel; – Animals as a protection in travels; – Animals in transport. The analysis and assessment of above problems was done on the basis of literature and authors’ observations. The future research was suggested, necessary for tourism management.
CRIQ: An innovative measure using comparison awareness to avoid self-presentation tactics

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The article presents a new measure for career role identification, the Career Role Identification Questionnaire (CRIQ). In constructing the CRIQ, we used the Comparison Awareness Inducing Technique (CAIT), a new and innovative method to reduce the effects of self-presentation tactics.The results show that the CRIQ measures identification with the six career roles conceptualized by Hoekstra (2011). The inventory has reliable scales and a clear factorial structure. Furthermore, the CAIT receives some support as a new way to deal with the problem of social desirability in self-report measures. The CAIT technique is thought to induce comparison awareness and thus suppress various response tendencies.
Clinical study of self-made lingual band hook in II class traction in adjustment of molar relationship

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

【Objective】 To investigate the clinical effect of self-made lingual band hook in Ⅱ class traction.【Methods】 30 Angle class Ⅱ division 1 cases were chose.Their left and right sides mandibular molar relationships were divided into 2 groups randomly.Niti wire extension spring in the buccal ridge combined with self-made lingual band hook was used in the experimental group.In the control group,only Niti wire extension spring in the buccal ridge was used to adjust molar's relationship.【Results】 The space-closing speed in the experimental group was(0.97±0.03) mm/month,significantly faster than that(0.74±0.03) mm/month(P 0.01) in the control group.Neither of lingual and mesial tilt took place in the experimental group.【Conclusion】 Using niti wire extension spring in the buccal ridge combined with self-made lingual band hook is faster than only using traditional niti wire extension spring in Ⅱ class traction in adjustment of molar relationship.It can better maintain normal position of molars,prevent lingual and mesialtilt.It is a simple and useful method to adjust molar relationship.
Effects of water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation on post mortem glycolysis, AMP‐activated protein kinase and meat quality of broilers after transport during summer

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Effects of water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation on post mortem glycolysis, adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and meat quality of broilers after transport during summer were investigated in the present paper. A total of 105 mixed‐sex Arbor Acres broilers were divided into three treatment groups: (i) 45 min transport without rest (T); (ii) 45 min transport with 1 h rest (TR); and (iii) 45 min transport with 15 min water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation and 45 min rest (TWFR). Each treatment consisted of five replicates with seven birds each. The results indicated that the water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation could mitigate the stress caused by transport under high temperature conditions during summer, which reduced the energy depletion in post mortem Pectoralis major (PM) muscle. This resulted in a higher energy status compared to the T group, which would decrease the expression of phosphorylation of AMPK (p‐AMPK). Furthermore, decreased the expression of p‐AMPK then slowed down the rate of glycolysis in post mortem PM muscle during the early post mortem period, which in turn lessened the negative effects caused by transport on meat quality. In conclusion, water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation may be a better method to control the incidence of the pale, soft and exudative meat in broilers.
A Study on the Application Performance of High-Aspect-Ratio Nano-Ettringite in Photocurable Resin Composites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this study, the impact of the addition of high-aspect-ratio nano-ettringite to photocurable epoxy acrylate resin was explored. The nano-ettringite samples were modified using γ-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH-550) and γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane (KH-570). Then, 3 wt% or 6 wt% KH-550-modified, KH-570-modified, and unmodified nano-ettringite samples were dispersed into resin via ultrasonic treatment in conjunction with mechanical stirring. The grafting effects of nano-ettringite onto KH-550 or KH-570 were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The results demonstrate that KH-550 and KH-570 have been successfully grafted onto the surface of nano-ettringite. In addition, this study also focuses on the variations of composite materials in the viscosity, shrinkage, tensile strength, and elongation at break. The results indicate that increased dosages of unmodified, KH-550-modified, and KH-570-modified nano-ettringite led to increased viscosity of the composite while reducing shrinkage. At the same dosage, the photocurable resin containing KH-570-modified nano-ettringite demonstrated a lower shrinkage and a higher tensile strength. From the analysis of tensile fracture surfaces, it was observed that compared to the KH-550 modified and unmodified variants, the KH-570 modified nano-ettringite exhibits superior dispersibility in photocurable epoxy acrylate resin. Notably, when the amount of KH-570-modified nano-ettringite was 3 wt%, the highest tensile strength of the composite was 64.61 MPa, representing a 72.57% increase compared to the blank sample. Furthermore, the incorporation of KH-570-modified nano-ettringite as a filler provides a new perspective for improving the performance of photocurable epoxy acrylate resin composites.
Steady‐state performance analysis for optimal operation determination of doubly fed induction motors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Doubly fed induction machines (DFIMs) are less commonly used as motors in the industry. DFIMs are more commonly designed as doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) and used as variable speed generators in wind turbines. In this paper, a large‐scale DFIM is studied in steady‐state operation. In this study, using the steady‐state models and equivalent circuits, a comprehensive analysis of the DFIM performance in motor operation mode is performed. Using the simulation results, the behaviour of the motor in all three synchronous, super‐synchronous, and sub‐synchronous modes is analyzed and evaluated in detail. Adjusting and controlling the rotor voltage in DFIMs is very essential. Therefore, a simple method for optimally adjusting the amplitude and angle of the rotor voltage in steady state is proposed for three different optimization scenarios that maximize output power, efficiency, and power factor, respectively. The results show that by properly determining the rotor voltage, the DFIM can perform optimally in a wide range of speed variations.
Carbon Tariff and Trade: Uneasy Partners in Climate Change

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In the realm of climate change policy, the pursuit of environmental sustainability and the principles of free trade often intersect, yet sometimes conflict. This article delves into this nuanced dynamic, particularly spotlighting the recent implementation of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) by the European Union (EU). CBAM introduces a carbon tariff, taxing imports based on their carbon intensity, aiming to rectify competitive disparities between EU nations and those lacking stringent carbon regulations. However, this approach has met resistance from major emerging economies, citing concerns over unfair penalties on imports from developing nations and alleging carbon tax as a veiled form of trade protectionism. This article aims to analyze the implications of carbon tariffs on trade partners, focusing on socio-economic factors and technological discrepancies, notably access to clean technology, in developing and emerging economies. Key aspects to be explored include the efficacy of carbon tariffs in curbing carbon leakage and sustaining competitiveness and their rationale. Following the tenets of institutional economics, this study adopts a holistic perspective, recognizing that responses from trade partners are multifaceted, influenced not only by economic considerations but also by a myriad of social, political, technological, cultural, and historical factors.
A Novel Mutator of Escherichia coli Carrying a Defect in the dgt Gene, Encoding a dGTP Triphosphohydrolase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT A novel mutator locus in Escherichia coli was identified from a collection of random transposon insertion mutants. Several mutators in this collection were found to have an insertion in the dgt gene, encoding a previously characterized dGTP triphosphohydrolase. The mutator activity of the dgt mutants displays an unusual specificity. Among the six possible base pair substitutions in a lacZ reversion system, the G·C→C·G transversion and A·T→G·C transition are strongly enhanced (10- to 50-fold), while a modest effect (two- to threefold) is also observed for the G·C→A·T transition. Interestingly, a two- to threefold reduction in mutant frequency (antimutator effect) is observed for the G·C→T·A transversion. In the absence of DNA mismatch repair ( mutL ) some of these effects are reduced or abolished, while other effects remain unchanged. Analysis of these effects, combined with the DNA sequence contexts in which the reversions take place, suggests that alterations of the dGTP pools as well as alterations in the level of some modified dNTP derivatives could affect the fidelity of in vivo DNA replication and, hence, account for the overall mutator effects.
Improved mass detection in mammogram images with Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform and Fourier Descriptors

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Breast cancer is ranked second when compared with other cancers. Mammography is the widely accepted technique, which was recognized as a gold standard for the detection of breast tumor disease. In this work, we are going to identify the mass in mammogram images using Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DTCWT), which is used for image decomposition; feature extraction is done with the help of Fourier Descriptor and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) used for classification tasks. Among the several databases, the most frequently used databases are the MIAS (Mammographic Image Analysis Society) database and DDSM (Digital Database for Screening Mammography). In our work, we utilized the MIAS database and its mammogram image description for evaluation purposes. Dual-tree complex discrete wavelet transform benefits are low computation time, limited redundancy, perfect reconstruction, good shift invariance, and directional selectivity. As a result, the proposed work achieves classification accuracy of 92.3%, sensitivity of 96.3%, and specificity of 94.5%.
The Role of Somatic Symptoms in Sexual Medicine: Somatization as Important Contextual Factor in Male Sexual Dysfunction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Introduction An important feature of somatic symptom disorder is the subjective perception of the physical symptoms and its maladaptive interpretation. Considering that psychological distress is often expressed through somatic symptoms, it is possible that they underlie at least a part of the symptoms in subjects complaining of sexual dysfunction. Nevertheless, studies on the impact of somatoform disorders in sexual dysfunction are scanty. Aim To define the psychological, relational, and organic correlates of somatic symptoms in a large sample of patients complaining of sexual problems. Methods A consecutive series of 2833 men (mean age 50.2 ± 13.5 years) was retrospectively studied. Main Outcome Measures Somatic symptoms were assessed using the “somatized anxiety symptoms” subscale of the Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire (MHQ-S). Several clinical, biochemical, psychological, and relational parameters were studied. Patients were interviewed with the previously validated Structured Interview on Erectile Dysfunction (SIEDY), and ANDROTEST (a structured interview for the screening of hypogonadism in patients with sexual dysfunction). Results Among the 2833 patients studied, subjects scoring higher on somatic symptoms were older, more obese, reporting unhealthy lifestyle (current smoking, alcohol consumption), and a lower education (all P &lt; .05). Moreover, they reported a general impairment of their sexuality more often, including erectile problems (spontaneous or sexual-related), low sexual desire, decreased frequency of intercourse, and perceived reduction of ejaculate volume (all P &lt; .005). Interestingly, we observed a significant association between MHQ-S scoring with a reduced testosterone level and hypogonadism symptoms (both P &lt; .05). Finally, we found a significant association between somatic symptoms and both SIEDY Scales 1 (organic domain of ED) and 3 (intrapsychic domain of ED) (both P &lt; .0001). Conclusion The present study demonstrates that the presence of somatic symptoms can represent an important contextual factor in the determination of or in the exacerbation of male sexual dysfunction. High levels of somatic symptoms in subjects with sexual dysfunction can be related to the sexual symptom itself. The consequences of this pattern have great clinical relevance in a sexual medicine setting, considering their severe impact on sexuality.
Cost-effectiveness and high patient satisfaction in the elderly: sevoflurance versus propofol anaesthesia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and objective: The use of propofol compared with isoflurane is associated with improved patient comfort and decreased costs. However, as the cost saving, the quicker recovery time and patient comfort may not be evident if sevoflurane is substituted for isoflurane; these two anaesthetic agents were analysed in elderly patients. Methods: In a prospective randomized study, 96 patients undergoing elective ophthalmic surgery received either total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol (Group P), propofol for induction and sevoflurane for maintenance (Group P/S) or sevoflurane for inhalation induction and maintenance (Group S). Analyses focussed on haemodynamics, the quality of recovery, and the costs for the anaesthetic and the entire procedure. Results: Bradycardia or hypotension, mainly registered in Groups P and P/S, did not influence patients' recovery. In Group S, postoperative nausea and vomiting occurred frequently, and 50% of patients complained of discomfort during induction. In Group P/S, the costs for anaesthetics and total costs were lower than those in Groups P and S. Conclusions: Propofol- and sevoflurane-based maintenance of anaesthesia were similar with regard to patient comfort and recovery in the elderly. Cost analysis revealed that it was less expensive to use propofol for induction and sevoflurane for maintenance than to use either propofol or sevoflurane as sole agents for anaesthesia.