jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Studies on the Selection and the Identification of Bacillus subtilis for Fermentation of Soybean

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study was carried out to investigate for the property of Bacillus strains, on the native growthed microflora in Korean native soybean paste, and Bacillus strains of the high enzyme producing, were selected and identificated, from the microflora, that is, identificated Bacillus strains beared resemblance to B. subtills, on the colony, appearance was pellicle, surface's spreading, color creamy-thin browned, colony elevation flated, and edge lobated, the identfficated B. subtills strain named for the B. subtilis SCF. For the protease activity of B. subtilis SCF, according to the variation with pH, the pH stability was pH 7~8, and on the its protease activity, optimum temperature was 40$\circ$C, on the other hand, temperature of the highest stability of the protease was 50$\circ$C.
Making Room for a Learning Commons Space: Lessons in Weeding a Reference Collection Through Collaboration and Planning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article describes the process designed to systematically weed two community college library reference collections in preparation for potential funding of a learning commons space. The author explains the methodology used to help facilitate the reassessment of nearly 10,000 reference titles by librarian liaisons. The goal of the project was to consistently capture each title’s weeding status designation along with required bibliographic data while stopping short of executing the weeding itself. Details about the process and consequences of the resulting category breakdowns are described in detail. The article lists key success factors such as working with teams from different departments to help manage the day-to-day procedures. Practical suggestions are offered about the use of collaborative tools, about methods for transmitting support data to liaison librarians to enable quick decisions, about goal setting, and about establishing consistent means of data collection.
Expert consensus guideline on the diagnosis of type 1 Gaucher disease in adult patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Gaucher disease (GD) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by glucocerebrosidase deficiency. Over 50% of patients with mild disease go undiagnosed, suggesting that GD diagnosis rates are still significantly low despite advancements in medical knowledge and diagnostic techniques. This guideline explores the potential settings in which patients with mild to moderate GD may present, providing professional guidance on diagnostic avenues and highlighting the necessity of raising awareness among medical professionals. Patients with undiagnosed GD may be seen in departments such as neurology, transfusion medicine, centers for hepatic disorders, orthopedics, hemostasis, thrombosis, benign and general hematology, and reference centers for these conditions. Therefore, for a timely diagnosis and appropriate management of this rare disorder, it is crucial that these specialties collaborate effectively and devise a path that avoids needless and invasive procedures.
Public Health Financing Reforms and Catastrophic Health Expenditure: A Global Equity Analysis of 4,368 Country–Years

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background Catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) undermines financial protection and progress towards universal health coverage. Although public financing reforms are widely promoted, their causal impact on CHE—and their equity implications across income groups—remain unclear. Methods We assembled a balanced global panel of 4368 country–year observations (2000–2022) with complete data on CHE at the 10% and 25% thresholds (CHE10, CHE25), public financing share of health expenditure, out-of-pocket spending, macroeconomic controls, and poverty rates. Fixed-effects and event-study models estimated the association between increases in public financing share and subsequent changes in CHE, adjusting for time-varying confounders. Mediation analyses tested whether reductions in out-of-pocket payments or changes in poverty explained observed effects. Subgroup, sensitivity, and placebo analyses assessed robustness. Findings Each 10-percentage-point increase in public financing share was associated with a 0.9-percentage-point reduction in CHE10 (95% CI −1.6 to −0.1; p=0.02) but not with significant changes in CHE25. Event-study models showed progressive declines in CHE10 after reforms, reaching −3.4 percentage points by year 10 (95% CI −6.0 to −0.8) and −5.9 by year 12 (95% CI −9.8 to −2.0). Equity-stratified analyses revealed disproportionate benefits for the poorest quintile in low- and middle-income countries (reductions of 5–7 percentage points by year 10), while effects were smaller in high-income settings. Mediation analyses indicated that one-third of the effect on CHE10 was explained by declines in out-of-pocket payments, whereas GDP and poverty rates did not attenuate associations. Results were robust across alternative thresholds, lag structures, and placebo tests. Interpretation Public health financing reforms are consistently associated with improved financial protection, particularly at the 10% threshold and among poorer households in low-resource settings. Effects are mediated primarily by reductions in out-of-pocket payments, underscoring the importance of pooled prepayment mechanisms. Universal health coverage is unattainable without public financing: every 10% increase shields millions of households—especially the poorest in LMICs—from catastrophic health expenditure. Funding No external funding.
Development of a Novel Insect Control System, Pyriproxyfen Tape Formulation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pyriproxyfen yellow tape formulation is a novel pesticide delivery system utilizing the whitefly's attraction to yellow color and pyriproxyfen's excellent transovarial ovicidal activity against whiteflies. The tape formulation attracts whiteflies by its yellow color causing the whiteflies to come into contact with pyriproxyfen, which initiates the transovarial ovicidal activity against whiteflies. The formulation has an excellent efficacy against whiteflies when the tape is applied horizontally along ridges as a preventive measure. The tape formulation has great advantages in reducing the grower's exposure to the toxicological effects of pesticides as well as reducing the environmental impact because this method offers whitefly control without spraying. This technology is also useful as a tool for integrated pest management (IPM). © Pesticide Science Society of Japan
The R ole o f I rradiation o f t he I nternal M ammary L ymph Nodes i n H igh-Risk S tage I I t o I IIA B reast C ancer P atients After H igh-Dose C hemotherapy: A P rospective S equential Nonrandomized S tudy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: This phase II single-institution prospective, nonrandomized trial investigates high-dose adjuvant chemotherapy and locoregional radiotherapy in patients with breast cancer. We compared the outcome of patients in this study treated with radiotherapy fields including the internal mammary nodes (IMN) to a group of patients who did not receive IMN irradiation. Patients and Methods: 100 patients with high-risk stage II-III breast cancer received doxorubicin-based adjuvant chemotherapy followed by high-dose chemotherapy, stem-cell support, and locoregional radiotherapy. The radiotherapy included electron-beam irradiation to the IMN. For 20 months during the study, no electronbeam facility was available and we were unable to deliver the IMN irradiation as planned to 33 patients. The remaining 67 patients (32 treated before and 35 treated after this period) received IMN irradiation. Patients with receptor-positive tumors received tamoxifen for 5 years. Results: At a median follow-up of 77 months for all of the patients, disease-free survival (DFS) was significantly prolonged in patients receiving IMN radiation compared to those without IMN radiation (73% v 52%; P .02). A trend was seen for overall survival (OS; 78% v 64%; P .08). Cox regression multivariate analysis found IMN radiotherapy to be significant both for DFS and OS. Estrogen receptor positivity was also significant for DFS. There was no treatment related mortality. Conclusion: In patients with high-risk stage II to III breast cancer, the inclusion of the IMN in the radiotherapy field was associated with a statistically significant increase in DFS and a borderline increase in OS. J Clin Oncol 21:2713-2718. © 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology.
The Value of Scholarly Writing: A Temporal-Material Rhetorical Analysis of Delivery in Google Documents

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This project examines the impact that cloud-based writing has on scholars’ material work processes and the temporal value shift that occurs as we write in an ‘always-on’ environment. It analyzes how interactive writing software (IWS) like Google Documents serve to forefront functions of interactivity between writers, and by doing so, reshape and create Western values surrounding the academic writing process that are uniquely post-industrial. Using James Porter’s (2009) components of digital delivery as a lens, this project contextualizes the ways that the work of writing is performed online by looking at the features embedded in a Google Document. This examination confirms that the canon of delivery itself has undergone a shift. In arguing for different values assigned to the performance of scholarly writing, that decenter the autonomous writer free of material needs, this project illustrates the affordances and limitations of scholarly writing that is both developed and delivered in and through interactive writing software. This dissertation then offers readers a theory of temporal-materiality that creates a model through which to exact an in-depth exploration into the impact Web 2.0 tools have had on writers and writing.
A Review of the Fossil Record of North American Turtles of the CladePan-Testudinoidea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Turtles of the clade Pan-Testudinoidea have a rich fossil record in North America, including the Caribbean, ranging from the late Paleocene to the Holocene. All earlier reports cannot be substantiated herein. The earliest members of this clade probably immigrated in multiple waves from Asia. Current phylogenies of crown Testudinoidea recognize four primary clades: Pan-Emydidae, Pan-Geoemydidae, Pan-Testudinidae, and the lineage leading to Platysternon megacephalum. An updated global phylogeny allows attribution of fossils to these lineages with confidence that allows the discernment of new diversity trends and biogeographic patterns. The diversity of North American Pan-Testudinidae increased consistently throughout the Cenozoic and reached its peak in the early Miocene. The extinction of many testudinids at the end of the Pleistocene, however, decreased tortoise diversity toward its extant levels. The diversity of North American Pan-Emydidae and Pan-Geoemydidae shows opposite patterns. Pan-Emydidae are remarkably diverse today, but their diversity was low in the Eocene and only increased dramatically from the Oligocene and onwards. Pan-Geoemydidae, on the other side, were diverse in the late Paleocene to Eocene, but their diversity decreases to their extremely low present levels starting with the Oligocene. A taxonomic review of 191 named North and Central American pan-testudinoid taxa finds 57 nomina valida, 69 nomina invalida, 64 nomina dubia, and 1 nomen nudum.
Flux and turnover rates of glycine in the dog liver perfused in situ

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Distribution of added glycine-1-C 14 in the perfused dog liver was studied. Concentrations and specific activities of glycine in liver and plasma were measured as a function of time. Calculated values for glycine fluxes between plasma and liver were for influx, 10 to 150, efflux, 10 to 90, and for net influx into liver, –10 to 80 µmole/min/kg liver. Administration of an amino acid mixture containing unlabeled glycine increased the rates of influx, efflux and net flux of glycine into the liver, as well as the concentration of glycine in plasma. The turnover rate of glycine in liver was found to be of the order of 400 µmole/min/kg liver. The specific activities of other amino acids, glucose, and glycogen were measured.
Improving Fairness and Mitigating MADness in Generative Models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Generative models unfairly penalize data belonging to minority classes, suffer from model autophagy disorder (MADness), and learn biased estimates of the underlying distribution parameters. Our theoretical and empirical results show that training generative models with intentionally designed hypernetworks leads to models that 1) are more fair when generating datapoints belonging to minority classes 2) are more stable in a self-consumed (i.e., MAD) setting, and 3) learn parameters that are less statistically biased. To further mitigate unfairness, MADness, and bias, we introduce a regularization term that penalizes discrepancies between a generative model's estimated weights when trained on real data versus its own synthetic data. To facilitate training existing deep generative models within our framework, we offer a scalable implementation of hypernetworks that automatically generates a hypernetwork architecture for any given generative model.
The Impact of Different Types of Media on Tourists' Behavioral Intentions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The primary purpose of this study was to examine how much different types of media affect a tourist’s decision when choosing a destination to travel. Further, this study attempted to investigate the impact of the different types of media on a tourist’s behavioral intentions. A primary field survey was designed for this study to collect data and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was performed to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. As a result, the most influential media form for choosing a destination to travel was social media, while brochure ranked the last. Subsequently, demographic factors showed noticeable propensities for the different types of media. Lastly, media types had a significant impact on three behavioral intentions for traveling as well. Study findings are expected to provide valuable information to better utilize the media as a marketing tool for the tourism industry.
Clinical Study of Postoperative Bleeding After Tonsillectomy in 497 Cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 497 patients who underwent tonsillectomy at Kamio Memorial Hospital from September 2015 to August 2018. A total of 35 cases (7.0%) developed postoperative bleeding and 3 cases (0.6%) needed a second operation under general anesthesia to stop the bleeding. Postoperative bleeding most frequently occurred between 24 hours and 6 days after the operation. The incidence of postoperative bleeding was significantly higher in males and in patients aged 20–39 years old. The operation time, body mass index, smoking habit, and history of hypertension were not identified as clinical risk factors for bleeding after tonsillectomy in this study.
Systemic treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in a patient with hemophilia A: A case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction. Hepatocellular carcinoma is a serious problem for patients with hemophilia. Hepatitis C virus infection is the most common comorbidity in adult patients with inherited bleeding disorders, including hemophilia. Case Report. This is a case report of a 65-year-old male patient with hemophilia A and hepatocellular carcinoma. Sorafenib treatment was initiated at a dose of 400 mg/day, after a 50% dose reduction. In order to prevent bleeding episodes, prophylactic doses of replacement plasma-derived factor VIII concentrate (40 U/kg of body weight three times a week) were introduced. Our patient received a total of ten cycles of sorafenib therapy, in good general condition, without bleeding episodes. Conclusion. Differential chemotherapy is not contraindicated in patients with inherited bleeding disorders, provided that adequate hemostasis is achieved. In such cases, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary for the management of hemophilia during systemic cancer treatment.
Some crack problems in engineering structures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The failure of engineering structure by cracking is always undesirable. It involves human lives that are put in jeopardy, economic losses and the interference with the availability of products and services. Therefore, an understanding of fracture mechanics is crucial for engineers in designing engineering structure especially those under high tensile stress. The main concept being discussed in this Final Year Report is Stress Intensity Factor, KI, a parameter used for predicting crack growth. The report particularly deals with cracks found in structures with notch. There are 2 different types of crack case being investigated here, namely the Edge Crack case and the Central Crack case. For each of the case, the KI for different crack length are being computed using Finite Element Analysis by ANSYS for 3 different types of engineering structure: a plain sheet structure, a structure containing circular notch and a structure containing an elliptical notch. To date, there are many experiments or analysis done on the behaviour of KI of structure with notch for different crack length over notch radius, a/r. In this report, KI for structure containing circular and elliptical notch is being compare with the KI value of structure without notch. The comparison parameter KI/KI0(where KI0 is the stress intensity factor for structure without notch) is then being plotted on graph for different a/r. All the analysis will be based on the assumptions of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics and plane strain problem. The modeling will also be limited to homogeneous, isotropic (near the crack region) material and infinite width sheet structure.
Personality and Social Development during Childhood and Adolescence

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

PERSONALITY and social development continued to receive considerable attention from psychologists, psychiatrists, sociologists, and anthropologists during the past three years. Altho the number of studies has not noticeably increased, there appears to be more diversity. This, as Milner (45) suggests, may call for a more comprehensive cross-discipline approach and is a challenge indeed for educational psychologists as they attempt to synthesize, interpret, and develop a functional personality theory for classroom teachers. The title, Personality and Social Development During Childhood and Adolescence, has not appeared in the REVIEW since Blair's chapter (7) in 1950. However, chapters by Blocksma (8), Foshay and Green (19), Stagner (57), and Trow (59) are closely related and include many excellent references. This chapter includes a sampling of similar materials, but, since it deals with children of school age, much of the material has been selected specifically for teachers interested in further study of personality and social development at that age level. In general, the trend toward a phenomenological frame of reference seems to continue. The individual is being viewed more and more as a unique, unified, and whole personality who has the ability to act according to his own self-determination and not just in response to present and past occurrences. This places major emphasis on striving and goal-directed behavior. However, the trend is not pronounced. Allport (2) expressed the problem succinctly when he stated that people are busy leading their lives into the future whereas psychology, for the most part, is busy tracing them into the past. He emphasized the dynamics of futurity and the unique style of life of every individual. Of course, Adlerians have advocated continuously the socio-teleological approach which Dreikurs (15) described. Grey (25) and Rattner (50) made a strong case for the close relationship between individual psychology and democracy. Long (41) clarified many of these views by comparing Adler and Allport on certain topics of personality theory. Further progress in our efforts to integrate personality theory will depend on our ability to come to some agreement on psychological causation. The statement that all behavior is caused is almost universally accepted. However, there is considerable difference between emphasizing the past and emphasizing the future. Allport (2) and Ansbacher (3) presented causality and its relationship to personality theory.
[InterPro as a new tool for whole genome analysis. A comparative analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli as a case study].

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

InterPro was developed as a new integrated documentation resource for protein families, domains and functional sites to rationalize the complementary efforts of the PROSITE, PRINTS, Pfam and ProDom database projects and has applications in computational functional classification of newly determined sequences lacking biochemical characterization and in comparative genome analysis. InterPro contains over 3500 entries, with more than 1000000 hits in SWISS-PROT and TrEMBL. The database is accessible for text- and sequence-based searches at http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/. InterPro was used for whole proteome analysis of the pathogenic microorganism, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and comparison with the predicted protein coding sequences of the complete genomes of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. 64.8% of the M. tuberculosis proteins in the proteome matched InterPro entries, and these could be classified according to function. The comparison with B. subtilis and E. coli provided information on the most common protein families and domains, and the most highly represented families in each organism. InterPro thus provides a useful tool for global views of whole proteomes and their compositions.
Apicoplast Dynamics During Plasmodium Cell Cycle

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The deadly malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, contains a unique subcellular organelle termed the apicoplast, which is a clinically-proven antimalarial drug target. The apicoplast is a plastid with essential metabolic functions that evolved via secondary endosymbiosis. As an ancient endosymbiont, the apicoplast retained its own genome and it must be inherited by daughter cells during cell division. During the asexual replication of P. falciparum inside human red blood cells, both the parasite, and the apicoplast inside it, undergo massive morphological changes, including DNA replication and division. The apicoplast is an integral part of the cell and thus its development is tightly synchronized with the cell cycle. At the same time, certain aspects of its dynamics are independent of nuclear division, representing a degree of autonomy in organelle biogenesis. Here, we review the different aspects of organelle dynamics during P. falciparum intraerythrocytic replication, summarize our current understanding of these processes, and describe the many open questions in this area of parasite basic cell biology.