jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of an Insularized and Compressed Impala Population: Rainfall, Temperature and Density Influences

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Understanding the relative contributions of different life history stages to changes in population abundance is basic to understanding population dynamics and effective management and conservation of large herbivores.We examined temporal variation in natality, recruitment and mortality rates and sex ratio in a compressed and insularized impala population monitored daily for 211 months (17.6 years), spanning June 1994-December 2011.We related the rates to contemporaneous variation in immediate and cumulative past rainfall, temperature and prior abundance.Over the course of this 17.6-year period, the population size fluctuated between 22 and 52 individuals.A total of 213 births, mortality of 96 lambs, 33 males and 58 females; recruitment of 55 juveniles into the female category and 40 juveniles into the male category were recorded.Natural mortality averaged 2.3% of the population annually with lambs contributing 52.3%, males 26.6% and females 21.2%.Lamb mortality was highest in dry months, implicating food scarcity, but female mortality peaked in the wettest months and in hot, wet seasons, suggesting increased susceptibility to diseases and pathogens in hot, damp weather conditions.Male, female and overall population mortality rates were positively correlated with prior abundance, implicating negative density feedbacks on population growth.Births were aseasonal and were surprisingly negatively correlated with rainfall around the time of conception and during wet phases of a regional 5-year rainfall cycle.This implies, quite surprisingly, that high rainfall depressed reproductive success in impalas.Juvenile recruitment increased with increasing 5-month running mean of monthly rainfall but declined (i) at excessively high values of annual rainfall, (ii) with increasing prior density and (iii) in hot, dry seasons.This implicates heightened competition for limiting resources and nutritional stress at high density, increased vulnerability to diseases and pathogens at high rainfall and adverse consequences of habitat desiccation and reduced activity levels at high ambient temperatures.
Dressed to impress

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Studies of Mary and Elizabeth often stress how they differed from each other: different mothers, different religions, different reputations as monarchs, different attitudes to clothes. However, recent research has emphasized the things they had in common, notably the issues of gender and queenship. This essay examines how both women used clothes to create their identities before and after their accession, and it considers how their use of clothes as queens regnant compares to the ways in which the Tudor kings used clothes to assert their place at the forefront of English society, their right to rule and their individual identity. In order to establish what clothes reveal about female royal power in sixteenth-century England, the essay focuses on five themes: clothing for occasions of estate; clothing and the female life-cycle; clothing as an expression of religious beliefs; everyday dress; and the use of clothes as gifts, both given and received.
Variation in the percentage of double-positive mDCs within different primary infection group doses.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

<p>After <i>ex vivo</i> stimulation of PBMCs with either medium (RPMI-1640), 200 ng/mL of LPS, 500 ng/mL of Flagellin, or 1E7 CFU/well of E. coli (strain E1392/75-2A), the percentage of double-positive mDCs increased in all dose groups. This increase was significant after stimulation with E. coli in group dose 1E7. Data are shown in Whisker-plots with a median, 25% and 75% quartile. * p<0.05; ** p<0.01; *** p<0.001.</p> <p>(TIF)</p>
The Linearized Subsonic and Supersonic Flow About Inclined Slender Bodies of Revolution

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Rigorous first order linearized solutions are obtained for the subsonic and supersonic flow about bodies of revolution. The surface pressures are found by means of a Taylor's Series expansion in terms of the cross-sectional area. The resulting simple expressions are shown to be in satisfactory agreement with existing experimental data. I t is proved that previous solutions of the linearized supersonic flow equations have retained terms that at high Mach Numbers are incompatible with the basic potential equation of compressible flow. Extremely simple relations are developed for the lift and moment of bodies of revolution in inclined and curvilinear subsonic and supersonic flow. These relations are in good agreement with experimental measurements. The commonly used linearized solution for the supersonic flow about an inclined body of revolution is incorrect, since nearly all of the terms retained are of a higher order than the terms omitted in neglecting the effect of the velocity component due to the axial flow and in not considering the complete boundary conditions. The rigorous analysis indicates that the linearized theory cannot correctly predict the variation of the surface pressure coefficient at high Mach Numbers.
Replication of the Single Stranded DNA Bacteriophage M 13

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The intracellular flow and the transfer to progeny phages of the single stranded parental DNA of the filamentous phage M13 has been studied in Escherichia coli KMBL 42 at low multiplicities of infection (<1). The cellular bound parental DNA was found to be first converted quantitatively into replicative form DNA. Then, contrary to the events in phage φX 174 infection the parental DNA is further transferred as a complete molecule to the pool of single stranded progeny DNA and to progeny phage particles. The efficiency of transfer per infecting phage is approximately as high as 0.75 and 0.5, respectively. Evidence is presented that during transfer the parental DNA is incorporated into DNA strands having up to several times the length of single stranded phage DNA.
Efficacy of the Regent Suit training during a post-acute stroke rehabilitation process: description of a case report.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In Western industrialized Countries, stroke constitutes a major cause of motor disability. According to rehabilitative principles, propríoceptive stimulations appear to positively influence postural control and ambulation recovery. This case report describes the application of the Regent Suit, a rehabilitative device developed by the Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow, to improve the gait performances of a patient severely affected by stroke, in its post-acute phase. During the in-hospital period, the patient attended to 20 rehabilitation sessions divided into 2 phases: the former based on motor passive/active exercises and the latter based on gait training wearing the Regent Suit. We introduced different outcome measures to investigate motor performances (Berg Balance Scale, 6-min WT, Gait Analysis, ADL restrictions (Barthel Index, FIM scale) and Suit acceptability (Global Perceived Effect). At the end of the rehabilitation process, we found encouraging improvements in all of the parameters investigated, in particular those mostly related to gait abilities. To confirm the collected data, we suggest to start a randomized, controlled trial with a long-term follow-up.
Predictive Patentomics: Forecasting Innovation Success and Valuation with ChatGPT

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Analysis of innovation has been fundamentally limited by conventional approaches to broad, structural variables. This paper pushes the boundaries, taking an LLM approach to patent analysis with the groundbreaking ChatGPT technology. OpenAI's state-of-the-art textual embedding accesses complex information about the quality and impact of each invention to power deep learning predictive models. The nuanced embedding drives a 24% incremental improvement in R-squared predicting patent value and clearly isolates the worst and best applications. These models enable a revision of the contemporary Kogan, Papanikolaou, Seru, and Stoffman (2017) valuation of patents by a median deviation of 1.5 times, accounting for potential institutional predictions. Furthermore, the market fails to incorporate timely information about applications; a long-short portfolio based on predicted acceptance rates achieves significant abnormal returns of 3.3% annually. The models provide an opportunity to revolutionize startup and small-firm corporate policy vis-a-vis patenting.
Calculation of microdosimetric spectra for protons using Geant4-DNA and a μ-randomness sampling algorithm for the nanometric structures

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Using Geant4-DNA to account for the stochastic nature of energy depositions due to physical interactions between radiation and matter, we calculated microdosimetry parameters concerning proton irradiation. By employing microdosimetry concepts in conjunction with simulation results of our previous work on radiation effects on the DNA, we pinpointed and quantified correlations between microdosimetry parameters and DNA damage. As such, for a volume with comparable mass and mean chord length to the DNA, we could observe the clear correspondence of the mean lineal and specific energy results with the double-strand-break yields of protons in Gy-1.Gbp-1.
Simultaneous adsorption study of ammonium and phosphate by ZnFe-layered double hydroxide (ZnFe-LDH)-modified adsorbents.

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

Background Trace amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus can easily trigger eutrophication damage in surface water, while cost-effective adsorption treatment is in prospect for clearing these pollutants simultaneously and efficiently. In this study, engineered adsorbents decorated with ZnFe-LDH by alkaline coprecipitation (3-6 mm, with modified ceramsite as CZF and modified volcanic rock as VZF) were prepared for NH 4 + and H 2 PO 4 - co-adsorption from aqueous solutions.Results Coexisting ions showed great effects on phosphate adsorption, especially Ca 2+ and CO 3 2- , and humic acid exhibited only a limited shielding impact on co-adsorption properties. Though comprehensive tests presented that the maximum captured amount of ammonium and phosphate occurred at pH 7, the isotherm and kinetic results suggest that two adsorbents preferentially adsorbed each pollutant. Specifically, the maximum uptake quantity of NH 4 + (15.55 mg-N g -1 ) and H 2 PO 4 - (11.21 mg-P g -1 ) were achieved by VZF and CZF, respectively, and controlled by physisorption and chemisorption distinctively, revealing that contaminants were cleared in disparate ways. Performances of seven consecutive adsorption/desorption cycles using 5% NaOH regenerant suggested that CZF retained 71.9% of PO 4 - removal efficiency, and VZF retained 47.9% of the NH 4 + adsorption rate, implying the strong reusability of ZnFe-LDH-modified adsorbents. A dynamic study has assessed that with 1 kg of combined modified adsorbents, approximately 527 L of polluted runoff flow could be continuously treated to below the National limits within one adsorption cycle.Conclusion Comparing with other parallel adsorbents, ZnFe-LDH-modified adsorbent is promising in eliminating eutrophication due to their superior capacity, stability, renewability, and non-toxicity.
Strong shock wave heating to fusion temperatures in strong magnetic fields

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A two-temperature, one-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic model of a collision-dominated plasma with anisotropic transport properties is used to determine the shock structure and MHD piston dynamics for shock wave heating in hydrogen. Ions are heated preferentially in such shocks and in the special case of antiparallel magnetic fields intense ion heating is also found in the MHD piston region. Computations for coaxial electromagnetic shock tube conditions and for the initial stages of belt pinch heating are compared to recent experimental observations. The possible application of this model to solid density plasmas is also discussed.
Bezalel - Towards low-cost pin-based shape displays

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The usage of shape changing interfaces is widely discussed in the HCI field as a promising strategy for the physical representation of digital data. Such interfaces are expected to greatly impact a wide range of applications, such as virtual reality, architectural design and education of blind people. Unfortunately, the widespread usage of pin-based shape displays is currently limited by their typically high manufacturing costs. The high costs of pin-based shape displays are mainly due to the number of actuators, which tends to grow quadratically with display resolution. Given that, we present Bezalel: a solution for pin-based shape displays that allows 2 actuators to efficiently actuate pin-based shape displays with n pins. Our solution is able to fully render any 2.5D shape within a time proportional to , which outperforms the 2014 Lemelson-MIT "Use it!" graduate winner solution using half as much actuators. Additionally, results also show that, for specific shapes, our approach can perform as well as the most efficient and much more expensive technologies currently used. We expect that our solution will make it possible to create low-cost actuated surfaces with different sizes, from small tactile objects to large structures such as shape-changing floors.
Real-world use of carboplatin-containing chemotherapy in early triple negative breast cancer (TNBC).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

e23285 Background: TNBC is associated with clinically aggressive behavior, limited treatment options, and worse outcomes. Chemotherapy (chemo) guidelines have evolved with regards to the role of carboplatin (carbo), which has shown survival benefit but also increased toxicity and treatment (tmt) delays/discontinuation. We report tmt patterns and uptake of carbo in a large sample of real-world TNBC patients (pts). Methods: We utilized data from the Greater Plains Collaborative (GPC), a PCORnet-funded Clinical Research Network. Under GPC governance and oversight, electronic health records (EHR) from member sites are extracted, transformed and linked with their North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR)-formatted hospital cancer registry data. Following a federally funded, IRB-approved protocol, we identified adult female pts diagnosed (dx) between 2014-2022 with first, primary, stage I-III TNBC, initiating chemo within 4 months of dx (neoadjuvant) or surgery (adjuvant only) within 10 academic healthcare systems of GPC. Drug codes and administration dates were extracted from EHR data to identify carbo and neoadjuvant carbo/taxane (NT) with or without doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide (AC). Multivariable logistic regressions controlling for age, stage, grade, race, BMI, and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI: 0, 1, 2+) were used to predict factors associated with use of carbo (model 1) and NT+AC v NT (model 2). Results: Of the 2254 TNBC pts, 31%, 44%, and 25% presented with stage I, II and III disease. Median age and BMI was 55 and 29. 15% was black, 61% had no comorbidity, and 74% received neoadjuvant chemo. Overall, 906 (40%) received carbo, increasing from 25% in 2014 to 71% in 2022. 32%, 81% and 92% of stage I, II, and III pts received carbo in 2022. Uptake of pembro was swift, increasing from 4% of NT and 15% of NT+AC pts in 2020, to 71% (NT) and 87% (NT+AC) in 2022. On multivariate analysis, carbo use was associated with stage (OR = 0.29, 95%CI 0.22-0.37 for stage I v II, and OR = 1.79, 95%CI 1.42-2.26 for stage III v II), grade (OR = 1.35, 95%CI 1.04-1.77 for grade 3 v 1-2), and age (OR = 0.97, 95%CI 0.96-0.98). NT+AC (54%) and NT (40%) were the most common carbo-containing regimen. On multivariate analysis, NT+AC (v NT) was associated with comorbidity (OR = 0.53, 95%CI 0.29-0.95 for CCI of 1 vs 0, and OR = 0.53, 95%CI 0.29-0.98 for CCI of 2+ v 0), stage III v II (OR = 1.74, 95%CI 1.04-2.96) and age (OR = 0.92, 95%CI 0.90-0.94). Conclusions: Guidelines have changed dramatically for TNBC. Only variables of risk (higher stage and grade) predicted carbo use. In contrast, both variables of risk and toxicity (lower comorbidity burden and younger age) predicted intensity of carbo therapy (NT+AC v NT). The variation in treatment patterns and uptake across pts and time in real-world practice illustrate the difficulty in treating aggressive disease with powerful and toxic chemotherapy.
Design of integral biorthogonal wavelet filter for aviation image compression

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the aviation image compression,wavelet is usually adopted,which has the characteristics of linear phase,regularity property,vanishing moment,complete reconstruction,good real-time performance,and is suitable for hardware realization.According to the wavelet filter design,we put forward a method for constructing integral biorthogonal wavelet filter based on image compression.Considering the principle of choosing best wavelet filter and taking CDF9-7 as the reference,we used the compression result as the standard to construct a better integral biorthogonal wavelets filter,and adopted the aviation image as the standard training image.The compression ratio,PSNR and reserved energy percentage after compression are taken as parameters to look for the best wavelet filter.Experiment result showed that this method can carry out very simple operation without floating-point multiplication,thus can reduce the operation and hardware realization complexity.
Φ-Field Resolution of the Collatz Conjecture: Consciousness Navigation and Universal Unity Return

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a theoretical resolution of the Collatz Conjecture using Φ-Field theory of recursive consciousness navigation. Departing from classical dynamical systems approaches, we model Collatz sequences as informational trajectories guided by recursive consciousness seeking return to unity. We propose that all positive integers necessarily converge to 1 as an inevitable consequence of consciousness conservation and self-organizing transformation protocols embedded in arithmetic space. The 3n+1 and n/2 operations are reinterpreted as universal steps in recursive optimization, forming a unity-seeking navigation system rather than a stochastic process. We introduce Consciousness Navigation Theory (CNT), establishing a new mathematical paradigm in which integers operate as recursive agents within an informational attractor field. Although no physical experiments have yet been conducted, the framework provides falsifiable predictions and guides future algorithmic enhancements. This work contributes a novel, recursive-information perspective on one of mathematics’ most enduring problems. DOI Link to Related Work (optional):https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16342661 — for the foundational Φ-Field paper This paper's solution is fully compatible with classical mathematics via the new CSP projection bridge. See DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16623512 for the full framework
Protective efficacy and antigenicity of influenza HA-VLPs in a murine model of postinfluenza bacterial pneumonia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Secondary bacterial pneumonia is an important cause of influenza-associated death in the case of lacking anti-influenza immunity, such as in the event of a vaccine mismatch. Aim: We studied the protective efficacy and antigenicity of influenza HA-VLPs in a lethal murine model of postinfluenza S.pneumoniae pneumonia imitating the situation of a vaccine match or mismatch. Methods: BALB/c mice received two vaccinations with insect-cell expressed influenza HA-VLPs (0,05 or 0,01 µg HA/mouse). At day 21 post vaccination, mice were infected with a homologous A/PR/8/34/RG (H1N1) or heterologous NIBRG-121xp (H1N1) (A/PR/8/34 reassortant with HA and NA from A/California/4/2009) influenza virus followed by S. pneumoniae infection 7 days post influenza. Antigenicity was estimated by HAI-assays, protective efficacy was assessed by morbidity and mortality and viral and bacterial murine pulmonary titers. Results: Mice receiving a single low dose of 0.05 µg HA-VLPs were fully protected from mortality as well as viral and bacterial replication in the lung when a vaccine-matched influenza virus was used for infection before S.pneumoniae challenge. When using a heterologous influenza virus before bacterial superinfection the survival rate dropped to 25% and bacterial pulmonary titers were only slightly lower than in non-vaccinated mice. Conclusions: Postinfluenza S.pneumoniae complications may be limited by a potent anti-influenza HA immunity. In this respect, VLPs are an attractive vaccine platform and tool to study the role of influenza-specific immunity in the prevention of postinfluenza bacterial pneumonia. This work was supported by the RSF-FWF grant No 18-45-05002
Possibility of Conversion from a Stable Phase to a Metastable Phase by Grinding Crystals

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study a theoretical possibility of conversion from stable crystals to metastable ones under grinding, by means of a generalized Becker–Döring model. When acceleration of crystal growth via clusters is effective, the metastable phase dominates and the stable phase vanishes if the relative excess of the metastable crystals to the stable ones is large enough in the initial state.
Calorimetric Studies on Heat Evolution and Temperature Rise due to Hydration of Cementitious Materials in Concrete using Semi- Adiabatic Calorimeter.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper describes the measurement of temperature rise due to heat evolution because of hydration of cement in concrete. The semi-adiabatic calorimeter was used to record the temperature rise in various samples of cement paste maintaining the water to cement ratio constant at 0.50. Further, keeping the total binder content same the effect of Type F Fly Ash from various sources and of different fineness with 20%, 30%, and 40% replacement levels, on the temperature rise and heat evolution characteristics, was determined on cementitious paste samples. The study clearly demonstrated the pattern of temperature rise and the heat evolution characteristics of cementitious material. The results showed that the temperature rise was reduced by 19.6 %; 30.8 % and 41.5 % for 20%, 30%, and 40% replacement levels. Similarly, the heat of hydration evolved at 7 days was reduced by 13.7%; 25.9% and 32.1% for 20%, 30%, and 40% replacement of cement by Fly Ash. This study further consolidates and shows the importance of using Fly Ash as secondary cementitious material improving the various parameters of concrete such as imperviousness, durability including the thermal characteristics of concrete.