jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Application of CITYGREEN model in air purification,carbon fixation and oxygen release by greenbelt system of Shenzhen City

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Based on the interpreted and classified remote sensing images of Shenzhen in 1990,1995,2000,and 2005,and the platform of ARCVIEW,with the application of the air purification,carbon fixation and oxygen release modules in the CITYGREEN model,the estimation is made on the ecosystem service function value of greenbelt system in Shenzhen city.The research showed that,in the aspect of air purification,the values of ecosystem services from 1990 to 2005 were $2.0394 million,$3.3258 million,$2.0252 million,and $2.9806 million,respectively.The values of ecology sensitive support functions area which were $0.2148 million,$0.1676 million,$0.2176 million,and $0.1742 million were the highest.As to carbon fixation and oxygen release,the values of ecosystem services for each year were $4469.16 million,$4549.94 million,$4471.35 million,and $4077.7 million respectively.The values of western coast agro-industrial coordination area which were $0.5569 million,$0.9516 million,$0.5352 million,and $0.6905 million were the lowest.The results showed that urban greenbelt system was of great importance in urban ecosystems,with notable ecosystem service function values.The research also showed that,due to the unbalanced urbanization,there was high regional differentiation in all landscape ecological functional areas in Shenzhen City.
Decomposition, topology, properties, and graphs of 14 individuals of Cenostigma pyramidale (Tul.) Gagnon & G.P. Lewis, a Caatinga tree species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Data were obtained from the observation of 14 individuals of the tree species Cenostigma pyramidale (Tul.) Gagnon & G.P. Lewis growing in a semiarid area in Caatinga vegetation under natural conditions in the Northeast of Brazil in Paraiba State, located at the Fazenda Pocinho (7º29'46" S, 35º58'12" W) in the municipality of Barra de Santana. The woody crowns were drawn (skeletonized) in the 2-D format as rooted trees resulting in networks with nodes and connectors named woody crown networks. The data of decomposition, topology, and some properties are captured by skeletonized crowns following the methodology described by Prado et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2020.110318).
Exploring New Models for Seatbelt Use in Survey Data

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Problem: Several approaches to analyze seatbelt use have been proposed in the literature. Two methods that has not been explored are the use of unweighted and weighted logistic regression model and the use of item response theory (IRT) or the Rasch model. Since accurate methods to predict seatbelt use behavior based upon observed data must include a built-in design method and model, and overcome computation challenges, weighted and IRT method deem to be other options for an observational survey of seat belt use in the state of Virginia. Method: The observed data from 136 sites within the Commonwealth of Virginia over two years was collected in a two stage systematic stratified proportional to size sampling plan. The data is analyzed using a weighted Rasch model. Results: A relationship between seatbelt use of drivers weighted for county aggregate population size and length of the road segment observed and the factors of vehicle type and gender standardized using a standardized scale is confirmed using logistic regression model selection and AIC analysis. IRT model was considered and was found highly significant. Practical Application: The addition of socio-economic measures, measure of road and driving difficulty, and data from other states may allow the prediction of seatbelt use with a in a new methodology: the models provide tools for policy decision-making.
ECHOES OF GENOCIDE: TRAUMA AND

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Ethnic identity generally is not expected to be associated with mental health among European-born older adults. Yet, we found significant relationships between these variables. This study investigated the dependence of current ethnic identity and mental health on wartime activity, and on present country of residence among both non-Jewish Ho locaust rescuers (who helped their Jewish neighbors to escape being slaughtered), and bystanders (who did not help). Particularly among bystanders who settled in Canada, in contrast to the United States, ethnic identity was found to remain influential, and was associated with vivid adverse recollections of the war. Canadian bystanders had the highest frequency of mental health problems, particularly alcoholism and de pression, as long as a half century after the war in Europe. Structural societal variables are studied all too infrequently in re lation to the mental health of individuals. This study was designed to explore the current ethnic identity and incidence of mental health problems among post World War II European immigrants to the United States and Canada. Data were collected as part of a larger project focusing on the wartime actions, personalities, and mental health of non-Jewish men and women who risked their lives to
Improvement of disseminated lymphangiomatosis with recombinant interferon therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Disseminated lymphangiomatosis is a rare disorder with a poor prognosis. We present a case involving a 3-year-old boy who presented with pulmonary infiltrates, multiple lytic lesions of the ribcage, and small cystic lesions in the spleen. Open-lung and bone biopsies revealed disseminated lymphangiomatosis. Significant clinical and radiologic improvement were observed and persisted after 28 months of treatment with recombinant interferon alpha-2b (IFN alpha-2b). No significant toxicity has been observed.
Detecting Marine Animals in Underwater Video: Let's Start with Salmon

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Environmental Decision Support Systems (EDSS) constitute an important emerging technology for the management of marine environments and resources world-wide. A requirement for such systems is the provision of accurate and comprehensive data on marine animal populations and habitats. Underwater video is increasing in importance as a technology for collecting this data, but manual analysis of the video is time-consuming and subjective, and so automated techniques need to be developed before video technology becomes effective as a major data collection method for EDSS. A central requirement in many applications is the automated detection of specific marine animals in the video footage. Our aim is to develop a range of techniques for detecting marine animals in underwater video scenes and, as a starting point, we have developed a segmentation technique to automatically detect salmon depicted in images taken from video cameras placed in fish farm cages.
Testing the behaviour of Australian brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) to candidate semiochemicals from conspecifics’ urine

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

<p>The Australian brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) is a prolific introduced mammalian pest. Current pest control methods involve traps and poisons, but are proving to be ineffective long term solutions. As semiochemical lures are thought to be more attractive than food-based lures at low densities, researchers are attempting to utilize semiochemicals for kill traps. The objectives of this thesis were to create a testing protocol for use in a research colony of possums and use that protocol to test the attractiveness of semiochemicals found in possum urine that had been positively associated with possum attraction and interest in urine.. I hypothesised that there would be an observer effect present in the colony due to the nature of the colony husbandry protocols. There was no statistically significant observer effect present in the colony for eating, interaction, sitting, grooming or enclosure use (front or back). However, there was a trend (across the colony) that sitting and grooming increased in the presence of an observer. From these results, I designed an active presentation protocol for testing semiochemicals. I predicted that the most attractive compounds would belong to the acids and alcohol chemical groups. Overall there was no statistically significant difference between the semiochemicals. However, when taken individually there was clear evidence that five of the semiochemicals (belonging to the ketone, alcohol and phenol chemical groups) were more attractive than their control and the standard lure. It has been shown in this thesis that the attractiveness of semiochemicals can be tested in a small research colony. However, limits on colony size greatly reduce statistical power. For future studies, I would recommend increasing the sample size or instead developing field-based bioassays capable of being repeated across a greater number of sites, populations and therefore, individual possums.</p>
Selective masking of the achromatic system can be cortically mediated

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A luminance decrement selectively masks the achromatic system when presented in the same eye as the stimulus. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the masking effect can be elicited under dichoptic conditions. The achromatic and color-opponent systems were identified with monocularly presented 10- and 200-ms spectral increments. A luminance decrement mask was presented to the fellow eye. This mask was 50-ms in duration and either preceded the onset of the increment by 25 ms (forward masking) or followed the increment by 25 ms (backward masking). The spectral sensitivity functions obtained with 10-ms increments, either preceded or followed by the dichoptic mask, were profoundly different from those obtained with isolated 10-ms increments: the broadband achromatic function was replaced by a color-opponent function of lesser sensitivity. In comparison, the masks did not have a substantial effect on the form or sensitivity of the color-opponent functions obtained with 200-ms increments. These data reveal that a luminance decrement mask, presented under dichoptic viewing conditions, suppresses the achromatic system but not the color-opponent system. Therefore selective masking of the achromatic system by a luminance decrement can be mediated at a site after the signals from the two eyes are combined—the striate cortex or beyond. Implications for models of binocular, blink, and saccadic suppression are discussed.
Sequence-specific RNA Recognition by the Xenopus Y-box Proteins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The Xenopus Y-box protein FRGY2 has a role in the translational silencing of masked maternal mRNA. Here, we determine that FRGY2 will recognize specific RNA sequences. The evolutionarily conserved nucleic acid-binding cold shock domain is required for sequence-specific interactions with RNA. However, RNA binding by FRGY2 is facilitated by N- and C-terminal regions flanking the cold shock domain. The hydrophilic C-terminal tail domain of FRGY2 interacts with RNA independent of the cold shock domain but does not determine sequence specificity. Thus, both sequence-specific and nonspecific RNA recognition domains are contained within the FRGY2 protein.
User Experience Design for Virtual Exhibition Platform Using Lean Startup Method

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The MICE (Meeting, Incentive, Convention, and Exhibition) industry plays an essential role in increasing Gross Domestic Product (GDP) revenue in Indonesia. The Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in the shift of MICE events from offline to online. As a result, the demand for virtual exhibition products is very high. On the other hand, Virtual exhibition has a reasonably broad user segment, causing the User Experience (UX) of virtual exhibition products to be very complex. This complexity requires several iterations to get accurate results. This study proposes a UX design for virtual exhibition products with a Lean Startup approach and User Research. The case studies used are several online events that have been held through the SimHive platform developed by a team from PT. Maulidan Creative Technology. Since the first iteration of SimHive, every data collected is processed to produce a suitable UX for the Indonesian market. We tested the web from the visitor feature on the desktop in three iterations. Each iteration got NPS values of 14.74%, 43.74% and 15.44%, with confidence values of 88.95%, 85.94% and 64.73%. Meanwhile, web testing for the visitor feature on mobile is carried out in two iterations. The NPS value of each iteration is NPS 54.23% and 100%, with a confidence value of 85.08% and 29.33%. The NPS and confidence values that are always positive in each iteration indicate that the UX model applied to SimHive can be accepted by various user segments in Indonesia.
Dynamic access control

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the cost of changing access control policies dynamically as a response action in computer network defense. We compare and contrast the use of access lists and capability lists in this regard, and develop a quantitative feel for the performance overheads and storage requirements. We also explore the issues related to preserving safety properties and trust assumptions during this process. We suggest augmentations to policy specifications that can guarantee these properties in spite of dynamic changes to system state. Using the lessons learned from this exercise, we apply these techniques in the design of dynamic access controls for dynamic environments.
Transcriptomic Analysis of Rice Plants Overexpressing PsGAPDH in Response to Salinity Stress

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In plants, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a main enzyme in the glycolytic pathway. It plays an essential role in glycerolipid metabolism and response to various stresses. To examine the function of PsGAPDH (Pleurotus sajor-caju GAPDH) in response to abiotic stress, we generated transgenic rice plants with single-copy/intergenic/homozygous overexpression PsGAPDH (PsGAPDH-OX) and investigated their responses to salinity stress. Seedling growth and germination rates of PsGAPDH-OX were significantly increased under salt stress conditions compared to those of the wild type. To elucidate the role of PsGAPDH-OX in salt stress tolerance of rice, an Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform was used to analyze transcriptome profiles of leaves under salt stress. Analysis results of sequencing data showed that 1124 transcripts were differentially expressed. Using the list of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), functional enrichment analyses of DEGs such as Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were performed. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that unigenes exhibiting differential expression were involved in starch and sucrose metabolism. Interestingly, trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) genes, of which expression was enhanced by abiotic stress, showed a significant difference in PsGAPDH-OX. Findings of this study suggest that PsGAPDH plays a role in the adaptation of rice plants to salt stress.
The importance of considering trauma in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: considerations and clinical recommendations

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Purpose The area of trauma in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is an important area given the substantial rates of abuse endured by these individuals. However, there are issues with the identification of trauma, understanding how it is perceived, and manifested. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach The limited research regarding trauma in ASD is reviewed and gaps are identified. Findings The key findings from the relevant literature are discussed. Practical implications Practical suggestions are outlined for more effective identification of trauma in individuals with ASD. Originality/value To date, there has been relatively little research on trauma and ASD. This paper emphasises the urgent need for attention in this area.
A Corpus-Based Study of Body-Part Terms in Verbal Phraseological Units in English and Albanian

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper focuses on the use of body-part terms in verbal phraseological units in English and Albanian. By using parallel texts from two different languages, we are going to recognize the structural, semantic, and stylistic properties of body-part terms as well as their cultural context. By comparing structures involving body terms in one language and their equivalents in another, we aim at showing the differences between these languages in the conceptual patterns and grammaticalization, which seem to be widely certified for this part of the lexicon. 18 items representing the terms for body parts (head, face, eye, brow, ear, nose, tongue, mouth, lip, neck, tooth, hand, leg, knee, heel, shoulder, finger, back) were checked in both English and Albanian and compared semantically based on a corpus of verbal phraseological units retrieved and later selected from 8 literary works in English and 12 in Albanian and 3 idiomatic dictionaries. In the course of our findings, we discovered important similarities and differences between the two languages in the use of body-part terms. In this study, both quantitative and qualitative criteria were taken into account and some cultural nuances were drawn from the interpretation of data.
The Role of Emotional Intelligence in Mathematical Critical Thinking: A Systematic Literature Review

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Critical thinking ability is a fundamental ability in the process of developing other thinking abilities in improving students' intellectual abilities, especially in learning mathematics. One factor that influences critical thinking skills is emotional intelligence, especially awareness of controlling one's emotions. This research aims to apply a literature review in analyzing mathematical critical thinking skills in terms of emotional intelligence. The research method used in this research is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) by reviewing relevant literature regarding critical thinking abilities in terms of emotional intelligence. Data collection was carried out through article searches using Publish or Perish on Google Scholar, Scopus, and Semantic Scholar with a publication range from 2015 to 2024. Article selection was carried out based on inclusion and exclusion criteria to obtain 10 journals that were relevant and suitable for further analysis. Based on the results of the analysis, it show that: (1) The type of research that is most widely used is quantitative, whereas other types of research are the qualitative and mixed method; (2) Most levels of education are at the junior high school level while other levels include elementary school, high school, and university students (3) Emotional intelligence has a positive relationship with students' mathematical critical thinking abilities (4) Factors that influence students' critical thinking abilities in terms of students' emotional intelligence are negative emotions such as stress, and frustration and negative thoughts that dominate and limit students' abilities. Based on research findings, good emotional handling strategies are needed in the learning process so that students can develop critical thinking skills optimally. Future research could explore more deeply the mechanisms of how emotional intelligence influences mathematical critical thinking abilities, as well as examine the effectiveness of interventions designed to improve emotional intelligence and mathematical critical thinking abilities simultaneously. Keywords: mathematical critical thinking ability, emotional intelligence, systematic literature review.
Mission planning and scheduling for Earth observation space system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Planning and scheduling systems are needed to manage Earth observing satellites for satisfying the optimum usage of the constellation's resources. This is a combinatorial optimisation NP-hard problem which is solved in this paper using the constraint programming technique. The proposed system can deal with a heterogeneous constellation that consists of satellites with different manoeuvrability, placed in different orbits, and loaded with different payloads. The system's user can choose one of six optimisation objectives, three of them were not used before, for constructing the satellites' mission plan. Searching within the system is performed using one of five different search algorithms. The system produces plans with different planning horizons ranging from one track to more than one month. The obtained results depict that the proposed system behaves, comparatively, in a perfect manner even when dealing with a complicated case study consisting of three satellites, 2,500 targets, and one month planning horizon.
The Temporal Order of Mixed Viral Infections Matters: Common Events That Are Neglected in Plant Viral Diseases

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Mixed infections of plant viruses are common in crops and represent a critical biotic factor with substantial epidemiological implications for plant viral diseases. Compared to single-virus infections, mixed infections arise from simultaneous or sequential infections, which can inevitably affect the ecology and evolution of the diseases. These infections can either exacerbate or ameliorate symptom severity, including virus–virus interactions within the same host that may influence a range of viral traits associated with disease emergence. This underscores the need for a more comprehensive understanding of how the order of virus arrival to the host can impact plant disease dynamics. From this perspective, we reviewed the current evidence regarding the impact of mixed infections within the framework of simultaneous and sequential infections in plants, considering the mode of viral transmission. We also examined how the temporal order of mixed infections could affect the dynamics of viral populations and present a case study of two aphid-transmitted viruses infecting melon plants, suggesting that the order of virus arrival significantly affects viral load and disease outcomes. Finally, we anticipate future research that reconciles molecular epidemiology and evolutionary ecology, underlining the importance of biotic interactions in shaping viral epidemiology and plant disease dynamics in agroecosystems.