jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Shadowing compensator for grid-connected photovoltaic generation system

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The solar cell array may shade or partially shade. The maximum output current of the shaded or partially shaded solar cells is smaller than that of un-shaded solar cells, and it depends on the degree of shadowing. This can cause multiple peaks in the power-voltage (P-V) curve for the solar cell array and increases the difficultly of maximum power point tracking in the photovoltaic generation system. A shadowing compensator for the grid-connected photovoltaic generation system is proposed in this paper. This shadowing compensator uses a multi-winding fly-back DC-DC converter. The shadowing compensator supplies compensating power to the shaded or partially shaded solar cells to sustain their voltage, so the solar cell array avoids multiple peaks in the P-V curve for the solar cell array and can easily trace the maximum output power. Computer simulation is used to verify the performance of the proposed shadowing compensator. The simulation results are as expected.
Socio-economic vulnerability, structural violence and the trust crisis in the EU

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this report, in the framework of Work Package 3 (WP3) of RE-InVEST, we investigate the impact of the recent economic crisis on institutional trust in European societies. In our study, we are guided by four main research questions: (1) How has public trust in political institutions evolved in European countries in the period before and after the outbreak of the economic crisis in 2008? (2) Can we observe different patterns of institutional trust between countries and can these patterns be explained by differences in policy shifts and differences in the resilience of society? (3) Are the observed trends in institutional trust driven by changes in economic conditions and vulnerability due to crisis? (4) Does the crisis affect institutional trust across the entire spectrum of the population, or the crisis effects are instead contingent on the socio-economic position of an individual? In order to answer these questions, we performed descriptive analyses of the evolution of institutional trust in six political institutions over time, using six waves of the European Social Survey (ESS) data. Following that, we conducted a multilevel analysis of trust in national parliaments and the European Parliament. Our findings suggests that the recent economic crisis had not only economic but also political and social costs to the European societies. In particular, as a consequence of the recent economic crisis, institutional trust in Southern European countries has fallen to dramatic levels. Specifically, in Greece, Portugal and Spain, the effect of the economic crisis on public trust in political institutions is especially prominent. Moreover, institutional distrust tend to be prevalent among the disadvantaged groups in the population. Furthermore, European countries with more established welfare states tend to be more resilient to the negative effect of the economic crisis on public trust. The results of the analyses indicate the need to consider the impact of the economic crisis not only in reference to economic costs but also in reference to declining levels of political trust and social cohesion of European societies.
Xenotransplantation—theological–ethical considerations in an interdisciplinary symposium

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Background Unlike allotransplantation, reflections on xenotransplantation are infrequent in theological literature. However, xenotransplantation poses questions specifically concerning ethical and theological aspects that are imperative to address, such as personal identity between the poles of body, soul, and mind, the relationship between humans and animals, as well as challenges regarding specific issues of medical and social ethics. Method This study summarizes the lectures of the symposium on “Xenotransplantation—a challenge to theological ethics,” which took place in Munich from September 30 until October 2, 2013, and analyses the implications of xenotransplantation from the perspectives of Christian theological ethics, biblical theology, and systematic theology. Furthermore, the issue of xenotransplantation is addressed from the perspectives of Judaism and Islam. Beyond these theological deliberations, the metaphorical and religious meaning of the human heart, which may have an impact on the societal acceptability of xenotransplantation, as well as the Christian notion of compassion regarding animals, is analyzed from the perspective of historical sciences. Results and Conclusion According to the perspectives of Christianity, Judaism, and Islam, there are no specifically religious fundamental and generally binding reasons to prohibit xenotransplantation as a means of treating grave and life‐threatening organ insufficiencies.
Characteristics and Mother’s Knowledge in Early Treatment of Children’s Diarrhea

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background:. One in five children die from diarrhea every year in Indonesia. Provision of replacement fluids or rehydration fluids as the initial treatment of diarrhea can reduce mortality due to dehydration but the behavior of the community in the initial management of diarrhea in households is not good enough (32.47%). Purpose: This study aimed to identify the level of mothers’ knowledge on the initial treatment of toddler’s diarrhea in Papringan Sleman hamlet in 2015. Methods: This study was a study that used a cross sectional descriptive study design. The subjects of this study were 54 mothers who had toddlers and lived in Citizen Association (RW) 02 and RW 05 in the Papringan hamlet. Data retrieval is done by interviewing the questionnaire guideline. The measuring instrument of this study uses a closed questionnaire (correct/ incorrect form). The level of knowledge in the initial treatment of toddlers’ diarrhea in this study is based on the correct score obtained by the mothers from the questionnaire sheets. Results: Characteristics of respondents mostly mothers are less then 45 years old, having secondary education, exposure to information, and sources of exposured-information are mostly from direct sources. The level of mother's knowledge is mostly sufficient (57.40%). Conclusion: Most respondents who are over the age of 45 years, have a secondary education, are exposed to information, and get information from direct sources have sufficient knowledge about early treatment of toddlers’ diarrhea.
Spatial and Mechanical Regulation of EphB Receptor in Neural Stem Cell Function

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

EphB4 receptor tyrosine kinases bind and cluster with membrane bound ephrinB2 ligands on apposing cells to signal juxtacrine. While this signal activation plays a regulatory role in neural stem cell differentiation, the underlying biophysical mechanism remains poorly understood. We reconstituted this juxtacrine signalling geometry between live EphB4-expressing neural stem cells and a supported lipid bilayer presenting laterally mobile monomeric ephrinB2 ligands. A novel method was developed to study neural stem cell differentiation by this hybrid system. This setup allows for observations of the timescale and spatial distribution of receptor-ligand binding and clustering. Furthermore, it accommodates the method of spatial mutationâwhereby physical constraints are imposed by lithographically patterned micro-corralsâto restrict EphB4 receptor mobility and precisely control the spatial patterns of receptor-ligand organisation. We found that this physical reorganisation of EphB4-ephrinB2 inhibits neuronal differentiation, suggesting spatial and mechanical sensing of EphB4 signalling in neural stem cells.
Unilateral Cerebellar Hypoplasia

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A case of unilateral cerebellar hypoplasia is presented. This was an incidental finding in a patient with no evidence of neuromuscular or metabolic disease and no past history of trauma, anoxia, or perinatal difficulties. Computed tomographic scans showed posterior fossa asymmetry with underlying unilateral cerebellar hemisphere hypoplasia. In addition, there was overlying skull table thickening and excess petrous pneumatization on the affected side.
COVID-19 leadership challenges in knowledge work

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Considerable attention has been paid to employees’ experiences when working from home (WFH) during the COVID-19 pandemic, including their well-being and performance. However, less attention has been paid to how managers experience WFH and how this may challenge them in their new role as distance managers. This study investigates how managers of knowledge work experienced distance management during COVID-19. An international survey was distributed in the first weeks of the Danish national lockdown and collected data in spring 2020. Based on Danish responses from 1053 employees and 290 managers of knowledge work, who had limited prior experience in distance management, our analysis revealed 12 items where managers found their work during lockdown to be more challenging than employees did. The implications are that research and practice should consider the well-being and performance consequences of WFH not only for employees but also for managers, as their experiences differ, and the managers express challenges in their leadership.
DS-Fusion: Artistic Typography via Discriminated and Stylized Diffusion

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We introduce a novel method to automatically generate an artistic typography by stylizing one or more letter fonts to visually convey the semantics of an input word, while ensuring that the output remains readable. To address an assortment of challenges with our task at hand including conflicting goals (artistic stylization vs. legibility), lack of ground truth, and immense search space, our approach utilizes large language models to bridge texts and visual images for stylization and build an unsupervised generative model with a diffusion model backbone. Specifically, we employ the denoising generator in Latent Diffusion Model (LDM), with the key addition of a CNN-based discriminator to adapt the input style onto the input text. The discriminator uses rasterized images of a given letter/word font as real samples and output of the denoising generator as fake samples. Our model is coined DS-Fusion for discriminated and stylized diffusion. We showcase the quality and versatility of our method through numerous examples, qualitative and quantitative evaluation, as well as ablation studies. User studies comparing to strong baselines including CLIPDraw and DALL-E 2, as well as artist-crafted typographies, demonstrate strong performance of DS-Fusion.
Control system and structure of an unmanned aerial vehicle

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Technological advances have reduced the cost and increased the performance of drones such that it has become easily accessible by the public and no longer used solely for military purposes. Quadcopter is the most popular choice among users for hobby use and commercial usage. A hexacopter can achieve stable vertical flight and can be used for a magnitude of purposes such as surveying tall structures, filmography and aiding search and rescue operations. The goal of this final year project is to build a hexacopter and understand the control system and structure behind it. The hexacopter uses a Pixhawk flight controller which interfaces with the Global Positioning System (GPS), accelerometer, barometer, Electronic Speed Controller (ESC), motors, radio system and telemetry. Individual components are tested and assembled together to create the hexacopter. The flight controller can record and save flight data logs onto its on board Secure Digital (SD) card which can be accessed using an open source flight management software called Mission Planner. Using this software, the flight controller can be calibrated and configured to the hexacopter. Logs can be studied to determine the cause of problems and can be troubleshoot. Multiple outdoor test flights were conducted to understand the control behaviour of the hexacopter and its capability. The hexacopter is capable of stable flight, with GPS working and logging of flight data, also full autonomous flight is achieved during the last few testing phases. This report aims to track the study of the hexacopter, components selection, assembly and implementation of autonomous flight.
Pre‐operative intra‐articular hip injection as a predictor of short‐term outcome following arthroscopic management of femoroacetabular impingement

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose Diagnostic hip injections are often used to confirm intra‐articular pathology prior to arthroscopic treatment for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). However, little is known whether the type of response correlates with the post‐operative functional outcomes. The purpose of this study is to document the ability of a diagnostic hip injection to predict short‐term functional outcomes following arthroscopic surgical management. Methods A prospective cohort of 52 patients diagnosed with FAI who had an intra‐articular hip injection prior to arthroscopic surgery was evaluated. A pain diary was used during the 2 weeks after hip injection to document response. In addition, the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) was administered preoperatively and 6 months post‐operatively to assess functional outcomes. The relationship between response to an intra‐articular hip injection and mHHS scores 6 months after FAI surgery was evaluated. Results Overall, 42 of 52 (81 %) patients diagnosed with FAI achieved pain relief from the hip injection. Outcomes according to mHHS scores improved significantly at the 6‐month follow‐up visit (19 points, 95 % CI 15–24, p = 0.001). The therapeutic utility of the hip injection suggested that lack of pain relief predicted a lack of functional improvement following arthroscopic surgery. Conclusion In this study, the data suggests that a positive response from an intra‐articular hip injection is not a strong predictor of short‐term functional outcomes following arthroscopic management of FAI. However, a negative response from an intra‐articular hip injection may predict a higher likelihood of having a negative result from surgery. Level of evidence Level II.
Cautions and caveats to the treatment of acquired hemophilia A

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

However, one small study found family history of lung cancer to be associated with an increased risk of MM in elderly patients, 12 a finding not observed in our previous Swedish MM study. 6 In contrast to two prior studies focusing on solid cancers in MM families, 7,8 we did not find a significantly increased risk of prostate cancer among MGUS relatives.Based on small numbers, we found excess risk of spinal cancer among MGUS relatives.Because we evaluated a large number of malignancies, it cannot be ruled out that this finding is due to chance.Finally, we did not find an increased risk of myeloid malignancies among first-degree relatives suggesting that myeloid and lymphoid hematologic malignancies have different mechanisms with regard to etiology.Our study has several strengths, including its large size as well as the application of high-quality data.The use of the nationwide register-based case-control design ruled out recall-bias, ensured a population-based setting, and generalizability of our findings.The nature of this study is hypothesis-generating and one has to interpret our findings with caution due to the large number of tested malignancies.Our findings support a role for a shared susceptibility (genetic, environmental, or both) that predisposes to MGUS and certain solid tumors, supporting the application of gene mapping and candidate gene approaches in high-risk families and case-control studies.
The cutoff for estrogen and progesterone receptor expression in endometrial cancer revisited: a European Network for Individualized Treatment of Endometrial Cancer collaboration study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There is no consensus on the cutoff for positivity of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) in endometrial cancer (EC). Therefore, we determined the cutoff value for ER and PR expression with the strongest prognostic impact on the outcome. Immunohistochemical expression of ER and PR was scored as a percentage of positive EC cell nuclei. Cutoff values were related to disease-specific survival (DSS) and disease-free survival (DFS) using sensitivity, specificity, and multivariable regression analysis. The results were validated in an independent cohort. The study cohort (n = 527) included 82% of grade 1-2 and 18% of grade 3 EC. Specificity for DSS and DFS was highest for the cutoff values of 1-30%. Sensitivity was highest for the cutoff values of 80-90%. ER and PR expression were independent markers for DSS at cutoff values of 10% and 80%. Consequently, three subgroups with distinct clinical outcomes were identified: 0-10% of ER/PR expression with, unfavorable outcome (5-year DSS = 75.9-83.3%); 20-80% of ER/PR expression with, intermediate outcome (5-year DSS = 93.0-93.9%); and 90-100% of ER/PR expression with, favorable outcome (5-year DSS = 97.8-100%). The association between ER/PR subgroups and outcomes was confirmed in the validation cohort (n = 265). We propose classification of ER and PR expression based on a high-risk (0-10%), intermediate-risk (20-80%), and low-risk (90-100%) group.
Dressing the Empire: Clothing, Identity, and Social Control in the Ottoman Millet System

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article explores the intricate relationship between the millet system and dressing within the Ottoman Empire, emphasizing how attire served as a potent symbol of communal identity and religious affiliation intertwined with the socio-political fabric of society. By analyzing historical texts, images, and clothing artifacts, the study illustrates how the Ottoman administration employed dressing as a cultural identity marker and a means of religious and social control. The Empire managed its diverse population through the millet system by allowing religious communities, or millets, significant autonomy within a structured governance framework. Dressing styles within these millets were not merely functional or aesthetic choices but were imbued with deep symbolic meanings that reflected the complex interplay of identity, status, and religious adherence. Each community’s distinctive attire helped reinforce social boundaries and foster a sense of belonging and collective identity among its members. The research highlights significant transitions in the traditional dress codes influenced by political reforms, such as the Tanzimat’s push towards modernization and secularization, which gradually shifted public expressions of identity. This shift was marked by a tension between preserving traditional attire and adopting more homogenized, secular dress styles, reflecting broader socio-political changes within the Empire. In conclusion, the article provides insights into how dressing transcended mere personal adornment to act as a crucial medium through which communal identities were negotiated, expressed, and maintained within the Ottoman public sphere. This examination enriches the historical understanding of the Ottoman millet system and contributes to broader discussions on fashion, religion, and identity formation.
SH1673515.08FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
FOREGROUNDING AND COHESION IN PHILIP LARKIN'S POEM 'THE NORTH SHIP'

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article discusses 'The North Ship', a poem written by Philip Larkin. The poem was examined by using stylistic approach proposed by Leech and Short. Stylistic study is a field of empirical enquiry in that linguistic theories are used to analyze literary text (Leech and Short; 1994 and 1996). Considering that stylistics deals with a very broad area, this study is limited in two aspects namely foregrounding and cohesion. The whole lines of 'The North Ship' were examined line by line to find out foregrounding techniques used by its writer. Any linguistic features such as diction were classified. Likewise, the poetic features of the poem were identified. Both linguistic and poetic features were then analyzed and described based on the given theory. In addition, the cohesive devices in the poem were identified and traced. They were described one by one based on the classification given in Halliday and Hasan Model. The ties among them were described and showed in the cohesive links and chains Based on the analysis of foregrounding and cohesion, the interpretation of the poem was finally made. The findings showed that foregrounding and cohesion are very supportive each other in creating meaning of the examined poem. Keywords: cohesive devices, deviation, foregrounding, , parallelism, stylistics,
Secularization, secularism and laicidade in Brazil: Rethinking global theoretical assumptions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Current studies on religion in Brazil are marked by the dispute over secularism and the boundaries between the religious and the political. This paper shows how the literature on secularization and laicidade followed the social relevance of religions to adjust the focus on the subjects under research to the point that throughout the 20th century, studies were mainly dedicated to analyzing the position of the Catholic Church vis‐à‐vis the national secular state; the growth of the Pentecostals since the mid‐1990s, led to a shift in the literature dedicated to their new relevance in public life and their dispute over laicidade . I argue that this social transformation broadened the scope of the investigation to the particularities of their presence in the public sphere and the production of Pentecostal political‐esthetic sensibilities, in contrast to the previous Catholic secularity pattern. This scenario of transformation with increased religious pluralism and conflict of public religions has enabled an understanding of the particularity of the experience of secularity in Brazil and allows us to rethink some of the previous global theoretical assumptions about secularization.