jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Current Status of Sequential Therapy with Commonly Used Anti-Osteoporosis Drugs

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

As the trend of population aging intensifies, the incidence of osteoporosis is rising correspondingly. Osteoporotic fractures are one of the primary causes of disability and death in elderly patients, placing a great burden on both families and society in terms of medical care resources. The monotherapy of osteoporosis drugs has certain limitations and sequential drug treatment should be considered under the following circumstances: (i) when bone resorption inhibitors fail to work, have been used for too long, or cause adverse reactions; (ii) when the recommended treatment course of bone formation promoters (such as parathyroid hormone analogues) has ended but the patient's fracture risk remains high and requires continued treatment; (iii) when short-acting drugs such as teriparatide or denosumab need to maintain treatment effects after discontinuation. The sequential therapy of osteoporosis drugs can be categorized according to the mechanism of action into the following schemes: (i) bone formation promoters followed by bone resorption inhibitors; (ii) bone resorption inhibitors followed by bone formation promoters; (iii) different types of bone resorption inhibitors used sequentially; (iv) other sequential drug treatments. Osteoporosis is a progressive disease, and the ageing of the human population cannot be reversed. Therefore, single-drug treatment is unlikely to achieve the goal of long-term disease prevention and control, making the exploration of long-term treatment plans for existing drugs a key aspect of osteoporosis drug treatment.
The Rev1‐Pol ζ Mutasome

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Rev1 and DNA polymerase ζ (Pol ζ) play key roles in DNA translesion synthesis (TLS) and are largely responsible for both spontaneous and damage‐induced mutagenesis in eukaryotic cells. Pol ζ is a 4‐subunit complex (Rev7‐Rev3‐Pol31‐Pol32). The Pol31 and Pol32 subunits of Pol δ bind the Rev3 catalytic subunit of Pol ζ, and those subunits are required for PCNA‐dependent TLS by Pol ζ. The catalytic activity of Rev1 is largely dispensable for mutagenesis, however the interactions of Rev1 with mono‐ubiquitinated PCNA and with Pol ζ are essential. This suggests that Rev1 may act as a scaffold for TLS. We have identified a conserved regulatory motif (M1) in Rev1 that, when mutated results in a large stimulation of Pol ζ replication activity. Stimulation requires the interaction domains between Rev1 and Pol ζ, and is absolutely dependent on the presence of PCNA. However, the catalytic activity of Rev1 is not required. We hypothesize that the M1 motif participates in a negative regulation of Pol ζ‐mediated TLS that is relieved upon Rev1 modification during DNA damage response, which then leads to the initiation of mutagenesis.
αvβ3 Integrin antagonists as inhibitors of bone resorption

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The alpha(v)beta(3) integrin is a non-covalent, heterodimeric, cell-surface protein that is expressed with varying density on numerous cell types, including osteoclasts, vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells and a variety of tumour cells. Functionally, alpha(v)beta(3) mediates a diverse range of biological events including the adhesion of osteoclasts to bone matrix, smooth muscle cell migration and angiogenesis. Specifically, there has been significant attention focused on the preparation of inhibitors of alpha(v)beta(3) for use as inhibitors of bone resorption, in recognition of the medical need for improved prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Herein, we summarise the pertinent chemistry and biological advances in the medicinal design and biological evaluation of peptide and small molecule alpha(v)beta(3) antagonists as inhibitors of bone resorption.
Use of Neural Response Telemetry for Pediatric Cochlear Implants: Current Practice

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives: Evaluate usage trends of neural response telemetry (NRT) in cochlear implant centers across the nation and assess reported benefits of intraoperative NRT for pediatric cochlear implant recipients. Study Design: Survey. Study Participants: All US cochlear implant centers (n = 110). Methods: A 15-question multiple-choice survey was distributed electronically to all centers. The survey captured demographic information of all centers, practice patterns surrounding the use of NRT, and the extent to which intraoperative NRT is of benefit. Results: Thirty-two invited participants (29%) completed the survey. A majority of participants reported practicing in an academic center (66%), followed by a hospital setting (19%) and private practice (16%). Seventy-two percent of survey participants reported using NRT for pediatric cochlear implant recipients. Sixty-three percent felt it improved the ability to program at initial activation, and 50% of participants felt that NRT improves satisfaction at initial activation. Conclusion: This study suggests that a majority of surgeons use intraoperative NRT for pediatric cochlear implantation as an additional measure to ensure appropriate electrode placement and improve device activation. Larger studies are needed to better establish the relationship between intraoperative NRT and postoperative outcomes and justify the additional costs associated with intraoperative NRT.
A Study on Ecotope Diversity Transition Analysis in the Middle of the Mankyung River, South Korea

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

An ecotope is an environment where an ecological niche and habitat are combined. Ecotopes are the smallest habitat units that are homogeneously classifiable on maps. Since the diversity of classified ecotopes i closely related to biodiversity, analysing ecotope diversity should be useful for indirectly presuming ecological healthiness. In this study, ecotopes in the middle of the Mankyung River were classified by time period (1918~2014), and the changes of their diversity before and after the construction of dikes were analyzed. Based on this analysis, the ecological healthiness of the environments of the Mankyung River was evaluated. The results of this study show that, after the construction of dikes in 1948, riverside lands formed intensive ecological environments, but the ecotope diversity index of protected lowlands declined sharply due to the artificial development of roads, farmlands, houses, and rural villages. KeywordsEcotope; Diversity; Stream Environment; Habitat; Aerialphoto
Effect of alpha lipoic acid on retinal ganglion cell survival in an optic nerve crush model.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

ALA has neuroprotective effects on RGCs after ONC injury. Moreover, prophylactic administration of ALA may have a stronger neuroprotective effect against ONC-induced damage. Based on these data, we also conclude that the endogenous EPO/EPOR signaling pathway may contribute to the protective effects of ALA in the retina after ONC injury.
Serum homocysteine level and gall stone disease: a case control study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

"n Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} Background: Gall stone is an important health problem in the world for which different risk factors have been characterized. Gall stone and cardiovascular disease have common risk factors. Homocysteine is accepted as one of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease. We aimed to study the effect of homocysteine level on gall stone formation. "n"nMethods: 54 patients with gall stone-related diseases and 54 patients without stone (control group) were studied from January 2007 to December 2008. Control group consisted healthy subjects with ultrasound proven normal gallbladder. Serum homocysteine level was checked in both groups. Homocysteine level of equal or more than 15 mmol/l was considered as abnormally high. "n"nResults: Cases included 43 women (79.6%) and had mean age of 50.76&plusmn;15.23 years. Homocysteine level was significantly higher in patients with gallstone in comparison to control group (p=0.014). Risk of gall stone increased 3.4 times in persons who have homocysteine level equal or greater than 15mmol/l (p=0.019). The mean level of homocysteine was higher in men than women (p=0.03). The mean level of homocysteine did not differ significantly in patients with simple gallstone and patients with gallstone-related inflammation disorders (cholecystitis, cholangitis, and pancreatitis). Additionally, one unit increase in BMI level was associated with 1.12 times increase in the risk for gall stone formation (p=0.035)."n"nConclusion: The homocysteine level is increased in patients with gall stone-related diseases. Homocysteine may be considered as a risk factor of gall stone formation.
Countertransference: a neglected subject in clinical supervision

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

As an acknowledged aspect of psychotherapy, countertransference would be an anticipated subject for discussion in clinical supervision. However, the authors' review of videotapes of 24 supervisors working with second-year residents revealed that 12 made no comments on the subject, 8 approached the subject directly, and 4 approached it indirectly. The authors discuss the reasons for this avoidance of countertransference issues and note that discussion of countertransference does not necessarily change supervision into therapy.
Office pediatrics

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Breastfeeding and its consequences continue to attract the attention of investigators. Breastfeeding has again been shown to reduce the development of otitis media during the 1st year of life. Although the development of hyperbilirubinemia is increased with breastfeeding it has been shown to be easily controllable without the discontinuation of breastfeeding. Although it is apparent that infants that are breastfed for periods of more than 6 months weigh less than formula-fed counterparts it remains to be established which growth pattern is optimal.
EFFECT OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF POMEGRANATE 'KANDHARI'

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fertilization is a vital input in fruit production to determine yield, size and high quality fruits. To investigate the effect of fertilization on pomegranate ‘Kandhari’, the plants were fertilized on individual nutrient basis for the period of three years at the experimental orchard of the Department of Horticulture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. The treatments consisted of four levels of N (0, 20, 40 and 60 g/tree/year), three levels of P2O5 (0, 20, 40 g/tree/year) and four levels of K2O (0, 20, 40 and 60 g/tree/year). The age of trees was three years in 2006. While applying a particular variable fertilizer nutrient, the level of the rest of the nutrients was kept constant. The dose of nutrients was stabilized after five years of age. Nitrogen increased the growth of plant in terms of higher girth, height, spread and volume of tree as compared to rest of the treatments. The number of fruits per plant, largely contributing to the yield, increased linearly with the increase in nitrogen up to maximum level. Similarly, all the P and K treatments also recorded higher yield as compared to yield that was obtained when respective elements were omitted, though the increase was not linear. The fruit size increased under all N, P and K treatments. However, the trees receiving no K produced the lowest fruit size. Quality analysis of the fruits showed maximum TSS with the 40 g N tree-1 year-1 treatment, however, the acid content was not significantly affected by any of the treatments. Invariably, all the N, P and K doses improved the rag as well as grain juice percentage. However, high doses of N, P and K slightly reduced the amount of juice percentage but increased seed weight. In overall, N3, P1, and K2 treatments are showing encouraging results as far as fruit weight, yield and quality are concerned.
Completed in Part fulfilment of a Masters in Financial Management

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non-commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. Un ive rsi ty f C ap e T ow n
An analog building block for signal conditioning instrumentation circuits

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The design of analog signal conditioning circuits for instrumentation applications often requires designing a specific circuit for each case. For board-level design solutions, these circuits are generally implemented by using Operational Amplifiers (OA) and Instrumentation Amplifiers (IA). An analog building block (ABB) is proposed, which can be implemented with three standard OAs. Using different connection schemes and just adding a few resistors, it allows implementing several analog circuits such as common-mode conditioners, single-ended to differential and differential to single-ended converters, voltage and current amplifiers, current-to-voltage and voltage-to-current converters, among others. The proposed ABB is analyzed and applied to several typical analog conditioning problems. The design equations and experimental results for these circuits are presented.
Perceiving what must be : a new argument in favour of Naive Realism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

I offer an original argument in favour of Naïve Realism, over Intentionalism. I shall argue that we visually experience: 1. Spatial composition relations, and 2., the metaphysical necessity of those composition relations. Naïve Realism is able to accommodate both 1. and 2., in a way that is consistent with our visual phenomenology. Representationalist versions of Intentionalism are unable to accommodate even 1., in a way that is consistent with our visual phenomenology, and other forms of Intentionalism have some trouble accounting for 1., in a way that is consistent with our visual phenomenology. No form of Intentionalism is able to accommodate 2., in a way that is consistent with our visual phenomenology. I will also develop the Naïve Realist account such that it is, for the first time, able to provide a satisfactory explanation of our perceptual experience of objects (as well as of properties).
Problem Solving and Time: Functions of Learning Style and Teaching Methods

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The purpose of the two studies reported in this paper was first, to investigate the interaction between occupational therapy students' learning styles and teaching methods on their problem solving ability and the amount of time they needed to learn outside of class; and second, to replicate in Israel the original study conducted in the United States, to validate the findings in another culture. In support of the hypothesis, results from multiple regression analyses using problem solving and time as dependent variables showed significant interactions of teaching methods and individual learning styles in both studies. Occupational therapy students in “matched” conditions (reflective learning style in lectures and active learning style in group discussions) performed better on problem solving measures and needed less time to learn outside class than those in the opposite “mismatched” conditions. The results also indicate that to achieve criterion level in a specific subject matter, time is used to compensate for “mismatch” of individual aptitudes and learning environment. Implications of the findings on planning learning programs are discussed.
Evaluation of an Electrostatic Film Motor Driven by Two-Four-Phase AC Voltage and Electrostatic Induction

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes a voltage-induction type electrostatic film motor that operates by feeding electric power to the slider by electrostatic induction. In electrostatic film motors, feeding power to slider is important for better output capability and positioning performance. However, the power feeding using electric cables sometimes cause mechanical disturbance to the motor motions. In the new electrostatic motor, the power to the slider is fed by electrostatic induction, thus removing electric cables that can cause mechanical disturbances. The proposed motor has a two-phase electrode in the slider and a four-phase electrode in the stator. In addition, both stator and slider have the induction electrodes so that electric power is transferred to the slider through the induction electrodes. The paper first analyzes the thrust force characteristics of the proposed driving-electrode configuration, and then analyzes the characteristics of voltage induction, both based on capacitance-network analysis. The analyzed result is verified by experiments that showed good agreements with the provided analysis
Comparative Deep Learning Models for Short-Term Wind Power Forecasting: A Real-World Case Study from Tokat Wind Farm, Türkiye

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Accurate short-term wind power forecasting plays a critical role in maintaining grid stability due to the inherently irregular and fluctuating nature of wind resources. Deep learning models such as LSTM, GRU, and CNN are widely used to learn temporal dynamics; however, their ability to capture or adapt to the underlying symmetries and asymmetries inherent in real-world wind energy data remains insufficiently explored. In this study, we evaluate and compare these models using authentic production and meteorological data from the Tokat Wind Farm in Türkiye. The forecasting scenarios were designed to reflect the temporal structure of the dataset, including seasonal patterns, recurrent behaviors, and the symmetry-breaking effects caused by abrupt changes in wind speed and operational variability. The results demonstrate that the LSTM model most effectively captures the temporal relationships and partial symmetries within the data, yielding the lowest error metrics (RMSE = 0.2355, MAE = 0.1249, MAPE = 25.16%, R2 = 0.8199). GRU and CNN offer moderate performance but show reduced sensitivity to asymmetric fluctuations, particularly during periods of high variability. The comparative findings highlight how symmetry-informed model behavior—specifically the ability to learn repeating temporal structures and respond to symmetry-breaking events—can significantly influence forecasting accuracy. This study provides practical insights into the interplay between data symmetries and model performance, supporting the development of more robust deep learning approaches for real-world wind energy forecasting.
What's So "Special" About Airport Authorities? Assessing the Administrative Structure of U.S. Airports

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

An ample academic literature discusses airports’ utility as economic development anchors for metropolitan areas, yet very little is known about the administrative apparatus of these important local government enterprises. To better understand airport structure and management in the United States, directors of primary airports were surveyed. Based on this national survey, the administrative structure and position of airports with regard to local government—i.e., special district or functional department—were examined to determine the place these entities occupy on the local government management landscape, as well as the implications of retaining airport authorities in studies of special-purpose governments. This essay concludes that airport authorities do not follow the conventional form and function of special-purpose governments. Consequently, analyses of special-purpose governments should exclude airport authorities because these nonconforming entities may cloud rather than clarify our true understanding of special-purpose governments.
A genome-wide association study implicates the olfactory system in Drosophila melanogaster diapause-associated lifespan extension and fecundity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The effects of environmental stress on animal life are gaining importance with climate change. Diapause is a dormancy program that occurs in response to an adverse environment, followed by resumption of development and reproduction upon the return of favorable conditions. Diapause is a complex trait, so we leveraged the Drosophila genetic reference panel (DGRP) lines and conducted a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) to characterize the genetic basis of diapause. We assessed post-diapause and non-diapause fecundity across 193 DGRP lines. GWAS revealed 546 genetic variants, encompassing single nucleotide polymorphisms, insertions and deletions associated with post-diapause fecundity. We identified 291 candidate diapause-associated genes, 40 of which had previously been associated with diapause, and 89 of which were associated with more than one SNP. Gene network analysis indicated that the diapause-associated genes were primarily linked to neuronal and reproductive system development. Similarly, comparison with results from other fly GWAS revealed the greatest overlap with olfactory-behavior-associated and fecundity-and-lifespan-associated genes. An RNAi screen of selected candidates identified two neuronal genes, Dip-𝛾 and Scribbler, to be required during recovery for post-diapause fecundity. We complemented the genetic analysis with a test of which neurons are required for successful diapause. We found that although amputation of the antenna had little to no effect on non-diapause lifespan, it reduced diapause lifespan and postdiapause fecundity. We further show that olfactory receptor neurons and temperature-sensing neurons are required for successful recovery from diapause. Our results provide insights into the molecular, cellular, and genetic basis of adult reproductive diapause in Drosophila.
Comparative Analysis of English and Uzbek Proverbs on the Basis of the Concept of Labour/Mehnat

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In recent years, a number of studies have been focused on the conceptual understandings and usage of one or another linguistic notions in different languages. Yet, relatively few studies explore how concept of “Labour” comparing English with Uzbek is verbalized. The goal of this study is to investigate the concept of “Labour” in Uzbek and English languages and the ways of its presentation in proverbs. Results showed significant similarities between perception and realization of the concept in Uzbek and English. Moreover, differences are found in the usage of vocabulary to describe the concept because of cultural aspect.
LHD ECEI2 #139469.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The electron cyclotron emission (ECE) imaging to determine the electron temperature profile by measuring the intensity of each frequency of ECE. This system uses a wide-band two-dimensional horn-antenna mixer array (HMA) whose frequency response is between 50 and 110 GHz and the ECE signal is selected using a 95 GHz local oscillator and a 93 GHz high-pass filter.