jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ecrivains — Traducteurs Du sentiment de culpabilité à la gratitude

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper entitled "Writers and Translators: from guilt to gratitude" attempts to switch the emphasis from concept and percept on affect in translation studies. It aims at replacing the translator in all his indissociated roles — reader, critic, interpreter, translator and writer — right within the hazardous responsibility for sense and signification input. It is based on the confessions of some renowned French writers — Jean Anouilh, Gérard de Nerval and André Gide — who described the unspoken hardships, loneliness, feelings of guilt and gratitude while translating the very specially inspired giants of universal literature, respectively Shakespeare, Goethe and Rabindranath Tagore. The main idea developed here is that it is certainly more straining, overwhelming and challenging to be the translators of such fabulous masterpieces than being mere writers. For what is at stake for these translators is less equating or overpassing the linguistic means of expression in the original works than meeting the processes of human mind through the exploration of the authors' conscience. In other words, no aesthetic purpose or emotional beauty in translation can be efficiently rendered without the translators peeping into the authors' personal and secret mythology in order to find out the very principles of the creative work's genesis. Translation is also shown as an interactive author-translator's mutual appreciation, both moral and intellectual, the everlasting intellectual balance residing in a fair play between objectivity and subjectivity.
Ising-like agent-based technology diffusion model: adoption patterns vs. seeding strategies

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The well-known Ising model used in statistical physics was adapted to a social dynamics context to simulate the adoption of a technological innovation. The model explicitly combines (a) an individual's perception of the advantages of an innovation and (b) social influence from members of the decision-maker's social network. The micro-level adoption dynamics are embedded into an agent-based model that allows exploration of macro-level patterns of technology diffusion throughout systems with different configurations (number and distributions of early adopters, social network topologies). In the present work we carry out many numerical simulations. We find that when the gap between the individual's perception of the options is high, the adoption speed increases if the dispersion of early adopters grows. Another test was based on changing the network topology by means of stochastic connections to a common opinion reference (hub), which resulted in an increment in the adoption speed. Finally, we performed a simulation of competition between options for both regular and small world networks.
The grey interval prediction method and its reliability

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The interval forecasting prediction interval and its reliability is discussed. A forecasting method puts forward a process of prediction interval. It also elaborates on the meaning of interval (the probability of the prediction interval including the real value of predicted variable). The prediction interval is categorized into three types. Three axioms that construction predicted interval must satisfy are put forward. Grey wrapping band forecasting method is improved based on the proposed axioms.
Simultaneous evaluation on the influence of Radix Sophora flavescentis on CYP450 isoforms by cocktail probe approach in rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of Radix Sophora flavescentis on the metabolic activities of CYP isoforms CYP1A2,CYP2C9,CYP2E1 and CYP3A4 by cocktail probe approach in rats in vivo.METHODS The rats were randomly divided into four groups as following:control group,experimental group,induction group and inhibition group.Radix Sophora flavescentis were administered orally for five days at a dose of 100 mg·kg-1 body weight for experimental group and normal saline were administered orally for blank control group at the same volume as experimental group.Sodium phenobarbital and cimetidine injection were administered intraperitoneally for five days at a dose of 50 mg·kg-1 body weight for induction group and inhibition group respectively.On the 6th day,cocktail solution was administered by caudal vein for all rats.The blood samples were collected at a series of time-points before and after administration.The plasma concentrations of the different probe drugs were determined by HPLC with UV detection,and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS2.0.RESULTS In experimental group,the AUC0-t and AUC0-∞of caffeine and tolbutamide significantly decreased than those in control group and inhibition group(P0.05)and significantly increased than those in induction group(P0.05).Meanwhile,the CLs significantly increased than that in control group and inhibition group(P0.05)and significantly decreased than that in induction group(P0.05).The AUC0-t and AUC0-∞of chlorzoxazone in experimental group significantly decreased and the CL significantly increased than those in control group and inhibition group(P0.05).There were no significant differences compared with those in induction group(P0.05).There were no significant differences for the pharmacokinetic parameters of midazolam between experimental group and control group(P0.05).CONCLUSION Radix Sophora flavescentis can induce the metabolic activities of CYP1A2 and CYP2C9,however the induction effect is weaker than sodium phenobarbital.Radix Sophora flavescentis can induce the metabolic activities of CYP2E1,and the induction effect is similar to that of sodium phenobarbital.Sophora flavescens has no effect on the metabolic activity of CYP3A4.
Detection of the FecX~R Mutation of BMP15 Gene in Sheep and Goats

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

PCR-SSCP was used to detect mutations of bone morphogenetic protein 15(BMP15) gene in both high prolificacy(Small Tail Han sheep,Hu sheep,Jining Grey goat and Boer goat) and low prolificacy breeds(Dorset sheep,Texel sheep,Inner Mongolia Cashmere goat and Angora goat).Both the nucleotide sequences and the amino acid sequences were compared in amplification fragments of both Small Tail Han sheep and Jining Grey goat.The results indicated that none of the four sheep and the four goat breeds carried the same FecX~R mutation of the BMP15 gene as do Rasa Aragonesa sheep.The nucleotide sequence of Small Tail Han sheep was completely identical with that of the sheep BMP15 sequence(GenBank AF236079,NM_001114767).Three base substitutions(T529G,C530G and T576C) and two amino acid changes(V155G and S171P) were found in Jining Grey goat compared with Small Tail Han sheep.The FecX~R mutation of the BMP15 gene had no significant effect on high prolificacy of Small Tail Han sheep, Hu sheep,Jining Grey goat and Boer goat.
Neuropilins: A New Target for Cancer Therapy

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Recent investigations highlighted strong similarities between neural crest migration during embryogenesis and metastatic processes. Indeed, some families of axon guidance molecules were also reported to participate in cancer invasion: plexins/semaphorins/neuropilins, ephrins/Eph receptors, netrin/DCC/UNC5. Neuropilins (NRPs) are transmembrane non tyrosine-kinase glycoproteins first identified as receptors for class-3 semaphorins. They are particularly involved in neural crest migration and axonal growth during development of the nervous system. Since many types of tumor and endothelial cells express NRP receptors, various soluble molecules were also found to interact with these receptors to modulate cancer progression. Among them, angiogenic factors belonging to the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) family seem to be responsible for NRP-related angiogenesis. Because NRPs expression is often upregulated in cancer tissues and correlated with poor prognosis, NRPs expression might be considered as a prognostic factor. While NRP1 was intensively studied for many years and identified as an attractive angiogenesis target for cancer therapy, the NRP2 signaling pathway has just recently been studied. Although NRP genes share 44% homology, differences in their expression patterns, ligands specificities and signaling pathways were observed. Indeed, NRP2 may regulate tumor progression by several concurrent mechanisms, not only angiogenesis but lymphangiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis. In view of their multiples functions in cancer promotion, NRPs fulfill all the criteria of a therapeutic target for innovative anti-tumor therapies. This review focuses on NRP-specific roles in tumor progression.
Acquisition and Recognition of Moving Targets and Enabling Technologies. Volume 1

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

State-of-the-art research on spectral estimation, feature extraction, and pattern recognition algorithms are presented for radar signal processing and automatic target recognition. Advanced space-time spectral estimation algorithms are presented for multiple moving target feature extraction as well as clutter and jamming suppression for airborne high range resolution (HRR) phased-array radar. A nonparametric adaptive filtering-based approach, referred to as the Gapped-data Amplitude and Phase Estimation (GAPES) algorithm, is proposed for the spectral analysis of gapped data sequences as well as synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging with angle diversity data fusion. A QUasi-parametric ALgorithm for target feature Extraction (QUALE) algorithm is also investigated for angle diversity data fusion. Support Vector Machines (SVMs) as compared with other advanced classifiers in the MSTAR Public Domain Release and HRR data are found to outperform neural networks and matched filters. A new concept to create negative examples from the known target class is presented and shown to tremendously improve the rejection of confusers. Finally, Information Theoretic Learning (ITL) is proposed as a new algorithm to demix HRR signatures of closely parked targets.
Exploring hidden diversity: Molecular insights into the Leporinus species of the rivers of the Brazilian states of Maranhão and Piauí

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The present study delved into the world of hidden diversity by examining specimens identified as Leporinus piau from the river basins of the northern Brazilian states of Maranhão and Piauí. Using genetic analyses that combined data from three mitochondrial markers and one nuclear marker, the study identified two well‐supported groups, reinforcing the findings of previous publications. The first group, found in samples from the Itapecuru, Mearim, Turiaçu, and Pericumã basins, in Maranhão, appears to represent a relatively ancient diversification and the possibility of concealed cryptic diversity. The second group, comprising specimens from the Parnaíba (Piauí) and Mearim (Maranhão) basins, appears to have resulted from a more recent process of diversification and has a close relationship with Leporinus friderici from the type locality. Our findings not only confirm the existence of a complex scenario of cryptic diversity in the genus Leporinus from the study basins but also underscore the taxonomic inconsistencies within this group of fish. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the species diversity of the Maranhão and Piauí basins, which are critical regions for the conservation of Amazonian fish, providing valuable insights for the sustainable management and conservation of these fish.
Thermophysical aspects of corrosion-resistant and fire-resistant coatings design in aerospace and shipbuilding

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The problems of designing of thin coatings, protecting different objects against pulse thermal load and hostile medium, are discussed. Conditions of heat and oxidizing attack and critical conditions of developing coatings intensive thermal destruction, causing emergency situations (fire, high-speed corrosion etc.), are analyzed. Mathematical models to describe the observed phenomena and to predict a structure, dimensions and a type of coatings depending on time and intensity of an attack are presented. Low-intensive "flash" method is used to obtain the thermophysical properties of the investigated objects (including multi-layered ones) by means of solving inverse heat conduction problem. Aspects relevant to the practical determining of kinetic parameters of the thermal destruction are presented. The so called "heat flash burn" with intensive micro-cracks developing, the heterogeneous reactions of oxidation, the solid-phase and gas-phase reactions including self-sustaining reactions of burning are discussed.
Diffusion of free and open source software as innovation : a case study of METU

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this thesis, the diffusion of free and open source software (FOSS) on desktop PCs at Middle East Technical University in Ankara (METU) is investigated within the framework of the diffusion of innovation theory. This thesis aims to propose some policies for the migration to FOSS on desktop PCs at METU. The research is conducted through two similar web-based surveys. The first survey was held during 27-28 September 2003 after the examination of exemption for the IS100 course. The second survey was held between 23 March and 24 May 2004 in the whole of the METU campus. This survey was open to all students and academic and non-academic staff with a METU network account. There were 402 participants in the first survey and 1224 in the second. As expected, Microsoft OS rules the desktop PCs within the METU campus. According to the surveys, there is a rather large PC user base which could potentially migrate to GNU/Linux system. In addition to a large amount of data, it has been found out that a migration to FOSS is welcomed greatly by the users if the process is explained on the basis of public economic gains. However personal migration is still difficult if the user is left alone to install any new OS. Activities which will eventually increase the awareness for FOSS at METU, change in the curriculum of the IS100 course, collaboration among METU FOSS users and creation of a software catalog with possible FOSS equivalent for METU courses are some of the propositions which will eventually help the migration process. Furthermore, different innovation-decision models are discussed based on the research findings.
Phenotypical and Genotypical Antimicrobial Resistance of Coagulase-negative staphylococci Isolated from Cow Mastitis

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) isolated from dairy cows with subclinical mastitis. Antimicrobial resistance in staphylococci were evaluated by breakpoint values specific to the species (EU-CAST). The presence of resistance-encoding genes was detected by multiplex PCR. A total of 191 CNS isolates were obtained. The CNS isolates were typically resistant to penicillin (67.4%), tetracyc-line (18.9%), and erythromycin (13.7%). CNS isolates (78.0%) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial compound, and 22.0% were multiresistant. The multiresistant isolates were predominantly Staphylococcus chromogenes (28.6%), Staphylococcus warneri (19%) and Staphylococcus haemolyticus (14.3%). According to MIC pattern data, multiresistant isolates showed the highest resistance (p<0.05) rates to penicillin (85.7%), tetracycline (66.7%), and erythromycin (48.2%), but all of them were sensitive to daptomycin, oxacillin, qiunupristin/dalfopristin, and vancomycin. S. chrom ogenes (9.5%), S. haemolyticus (4.8%), and S. capitis ss capitis (2.4%) strains were resistant to methicillin; their resistance to oxacillin and penicillin was more than 8 mg/l. A high rate of resistance to penicillin was linked to a bla Z gene found in 66.6% of the isolated multiresistant CNS strains. Resistance to tetracycline via the tet K (38.1%) gene and penicillin via the mec A (23.8%) gene were detected less frequently. Gene msr AB was responsible for macrolides and lincosamides resistance and detected in 28.6% of the CNS isolates. Antimicrobial resistance genes were identified more frequently in S. epidermidis , S. chromogenes , and S. warneri .
Mouse Biology at Monterotondo

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Gretchen Vogel's article on the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Programme at Monterotondo (“Institute sparks an Italian Renaissance in mouse biology,” News Focus, 8 Oct., p. 217) was a well-deserved recognition of the success of this new branch of EMBL. Regrettably, the other parties that share credit for the success of Monterotondo were not mentioned. EMBL would not have succeeded if it were the only research entity on the Adriano Buzzati-Traverso campus at Monterotondo. The Consiglio Nazionale della Ricerca (CNR), through its Institute of Cell Biology (IBC) led by Glauco Tocchini-Valentini, has been an essential partner, inviting and hosting EMBL, providing an active scientific environment, sharing space and equipment, and solving a myriad of minor and major problems. CNR-IBC also operates EMMA-Monterotondo (the European Mutant Mouse Archive). Further credit is due to the pioneer teams of Klaus Rajewsky, Walter Witke, and Ulrich Kalinke, who, within strict budgetary constraints, created the nucleus of EMBL-Monterotondo. Rajewsky, the first director, brought conditional mutagenesis to the campus (an approach still central to the research of the EMBL groups), and encouraged the complementary development of powerful, RNA-based methods by IBC. The CNR/EMBL partnership created an atmosphere that justified increased funding by the EMBL member states in 2000, which was essential for the recruitment and success of Nadia Rosenthal and her group leaders. The lessons are of broader significance, too. The important shared goal of EMBL-Monterotondo, to promote internationalization of the Italian research landscape, cannot be achieved unilaterally. The recipe for success includes recruiting outstanding and dedicated staff, but also mutually respectful interaction and fruitful cooperation with local colleagues.
[An autopsy case with cerebral histoplasmoma: case report].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Histoplasma capsulatum infection is, for the most part, asymptomatic or of little clinical consequence. Disseminated infection due to H. capsulatum is rather uncommon. Clinically apparent infection of central nervous system (CNS) is rare, and involves in 10 to 50% of patients with disseminated histoplasmosis. Although CNS histoplasmosis is frequently fetal or only discovered as an autopsy, some patients can be effectively treated with anti-fungal agents. We describe a 44-year-old civil man who is engineering contractor with headache without evidence of systemic infection. Magnetic resonance imaging showed enhancing masses in the third and forth ventricles, right interpeduncular cistern, and right cerebello-pontine angle. After biopsy of what was presumed to be a malignant lymphoma, the patient died of rapidly progressive multiple cerebral infarctions. The autopsy revealed the CNS histoplasmoma disseminating systemically. And we finally diagnosed him as histoplasmoma by gene analysis. It was extremely difficult to make a diagnosis based on his physical and radiological findings because it should be included in the differential diagnosis of a well or ring enhanced lesion. It is very important to ask patients about their birthplace, past illness, occupation, and where they had traveled. In the present case, the patient working for the construction has visited many countries including the African Continent and Central America. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion in patients who are from any area endemic for histoplasmosis. The clinical, radiological and pathological features of this infection were reviewed in this report.
Transient Flow of a Radiating Gas Between Concentric Spheres

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The transient flow of a radiating gas between concentric rotating spheres is discussed under the optically thin gas approximation. The temperatures of the spheres are large but the difference in the temperatures is assumed small, so that the Grashof number is correspondingly small. When time t ′<0, the spheres are stationary and a steadystate nonrotating flow exists between the spheres as a result of the impressed temperature gradient. At t ′=0, the spheres are rotated impulsively from rest and the subsequent flow pattern is studied by perturbation series expansion for small Grashof number. The flow characteristic is typified by an exponentially decaying component superimposed on a steady flow. The conclusion is that the flow is stable in the given circumstances. The temperature distribution shows a marked difference with that in the absence of radiation and this is discussed.
Prevalence and incidence of chronic wounds in Austria - a population-based real-world data analysis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Chronic wounds are associated with pain, odor, loss of mobility, an increased risk for infection and sepsis and a reduced quality of life. Treatment costs are rising due to the longevity of the population and increasing number of diabetes cases. For service planning in healthcare, it is thus necessary to describe patient characteristics and estimate the prevalence and incidence of chronic wounds. Currently, no data exists on this subject broken down by age group, gender, and province in Austria. Methods A retrospective analysis of real-world data was conducted using two merged datasets from an outpatient wound centre and the Austrian Health Insurance Fund. The study population consisted of people who resided in Austria and were covered by statutory health insurance from 2018 to 2022. We performed a descriptive, socio-demographic analysis of the data of patients, followed by a set of cluster analyses using the unsupervised K-means algorithm. From these clusters, we derived subgroup characteristics and patient trajectories and calculated prevalence and incidence rates for chronic wounds according to diagnoses, different age groups, gender, and different regions. Results Gender was almost evenly distributed in the wound centre’s data set (n = 4963; 49.6% female). The age distribution revealed the age group from 71-80 years being the largest group. In general, more women than men are affected by chronic wounds from the age of 81 onwards. 31% of chronic wound patients had diabetes as an underlying condition. More men were affected by peripheral arterial occlusive disease and diabetic foot syndrome and, conversely, more women by chronic venous insufficiency. These are preliminary results of the analyses. Conclusions Chronic wound patients were characterised by older age and multi-morbidity. Interestingly, gender differences appeared in the occurrence of comorbidities. Key messages • This study makes a crucial contribution in making routine data usable for the epidemiological study of chronic wounds, a cluster of diseases of complex aetiology. • It thus contributes to filling a knowledge gap. The prevalence estimate serves as a basis of knowledge for health care planning and a basis for the health economic assessment of the problem.