jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Automatic generation of software test cases based on improved genetic algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Software testing is the key of guaranteeing software quality, but the generation of testing data is one of the key steps which has a great effect on the automation of software testing, therefore the generation of testing data is relating the quality of software production indirectly. This article has analysed the basic principle of genetic algorithm on software testing detailedly, and on this basis, this article has improved the basic genetic algorithm and has put forward the automatic testcase generation functions based on improved genetic algorithm. At last, it contrast the improved genetic algorithm used in this article with the basic genetic algorithm by experiment analyse. It has proved that the improved genetic algorithm is superior to the basic genetic algorithm on effectiveness and efficiency of automatic testcase generation.
[Calcium, phospholipase C and protein kinase C stimulate prostaglandin secretion of isolated gastric mucosa cells of the human].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We studied PGE2-release from isolated human gastric mucosal cells. Mucosa was obtained at surgery and cells were dispersed by collagenase and pronase. Centrifugation with Percoll yielded a fraction of light density cells (70-75% parietal cells; 2-4% mast cells) revealing maximal rates of PGE2-release. A radioimmunoassay was used to measure PGE2-release into the incubation medium. Calcium ionophore A23187 which aids calcium transport across membranes caused a 3.5-fold increase of PGE2-release; this effect was abolished in calcium-free incubation medium. PGE2-release was also stimulated by phospholipase C (100 mU/ml) which is known to induce phosphoinositol breakdown, as well as by 1-oleyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OAG; 10 microM) and by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-acetate (TPA; 10 microM) which cause direct activation of protein kinase C without preceding induction of phosphoinositol breakdown. The response to TPA was potentiated by A23187. The calmodulin antagonist naphthalene sulfonamide W 7 reduced PGE2-release in response to A23187 and TPA (IC50: 1 microM). Our data indicate that PGE2-release of human gastric mucosal cells is stimulated by calcium influx as well as by indirect (phospholipase C) and direct (OAG, TPA) activation of protein kinase C. Stimulation of PGE2-release involves calmodulin-mediated mechanisms.
Wine as an Investment

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

During the last two decades, the wine auction market experienced non-monotonic dynamics and provided abnormal returns. When fine wine prices started to rise in the mid-1980s, wine investing transcended from a pastime into a serious investment transforming wine into a widespread investment activity. As an alternative asset, fine wine attracts increased attention among individual and institutional investors in recent years, particularly during the financial crisis due to its diversification potential. Economists also began evaluating wine as a new alternative asset class. In this thesis, we review the wine auction markets, study the price dynamics, and answer some fundamental questions. To build solid conclusions, we developed the largest French wine auction database encompassing the last 20 years. We summary our main contributions as follows. First, we review and explain the growth in recent global wine auction markets. Second, we construct price indices with hedonic regression models to observe market movements. Third, we investigate wine investment’s diversification potential. Wine in an optimal portfolio can improve the risk-return characteristics; however, the augmentation depends significantly on the market segmentation to which the investor applies it. Fourth, we analyze the wine price bubbles and collapses detection using a newly developed econometric approach. We elucidate strong evidence of two bubbles in the Bordeaux and Burgundy wine auction markets, whereas Rhône wine price behaved in a similar, but less significant, trend as Bordeaux and Burgundy wine markets. Finally, we examine the price determinants with a particular focus on the expert effect on this experienced good. We illuminate expert influence remains economically and statistically significant throughout the sample period. Using event study methodology, we disentangle the expert effect from other price variations and assert the market significantly reflects expert’s big re-ratings in the short term, yet the effect diminishes over time. However, this re-rating effect holds insignificant for modest changes.
THz research on high-frequency waves under different ionization modes

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The high-frequency waves-Terahertz (THz) emission from laser-induced air-plasma is presented. The development of high power and high efficiency THz wave radiation source has significant value. The development of laser technology has led spectroscopic sensing and imaging in the THz region to be widely employed in diverse fields such as material characterization, ultrafast dynamic process studies, and biological science. The emission of THz waves has become one of the most important areas in THz research. In this research, we develop an THz time-domain spectroscopy system(THz- TDS), which is that the input laser pulses are generated from a p-polarized regenerative Ti:sapphire amplifier with a 50- fs pulse duration centered at 800 nm. A 100-μm-thick type-I BBO crystal is employed for frequency doubling the pump pulses and subsequently generating the THz wave. By this setup we investigate that when the terahertz emission from only fundamental wave and with second-harmonic wave mixing, the intensity of the terahertz wave obtained is different. The energy of THz wave generated by only fundamental wave is weak, and that generated by four wave mixing is stronger. The energy intensity of THz wave generated by four wave mixing is much higher than that of THz wave generated by fundamental wave (almost an order of magnitude higher). We believe that the different ionization modes causes the different of terahertz wave energy intensity. In addition, we find that the second harmonic wave grows in a quadratic curve with the increase of pump energy, so we believe that when the pump energy increases, the terahertz wave also grows in a quadratic curve.
The effect of carrier-induced change on the optical properties of AlGaAs-GaAs intermixed quantum wells

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The carrier-induced effects in the change of absorption and refractive index on the AlGaAs-GaAs intermixing modified quantum wells (QW's) have been investigated theoretically. Band-filling, bandgap shrinkage, and free-carrier absorption have been included for various carrier concentrations. The Schrodinger and the Poisson equations have been considered self-consistently. The polarized absorption coefficients are calculated using the Kane k·p method for a four band model and followed by the Kramers-Kranig transformation to obtain the refractive index change. The results obtained show a more enhanced bandgap renormalization and change of absorption, but a reduced change in refractive index for the larger intermixing extents. It is important to know the carrier-induced optical parameter changes the intermixed QW's because of their recent interests in photonics.
Evidences of siderophores synthesis by Grapevine Xylella fastidiosa, causal agent of pierce's disease, through instrumental approaches

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Siderophore molecules from grapevine Xylella fastidiosa were investigated. Such metabolites sequester iron, an essential element, from the host, making them a potential factor of pathogenicty. In an iron-limited medium, siderophores were detected in culture plates of X. fastidiosa containing the complex Chromeazurol S (CAS). A combination of different instrumental analyses was used for siderophore(s) characterization, such as: immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC), micelar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) and electrospray-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The results show that grapevine X. fastidiosa produced siderophore(s), as confirmed by the CAS plate assay. The extraction of the compound(s) using IMAC with immobilized Fe3+ was important for analyte purification. The chelator was not separated by capillary zone electrophoresis, indicating the possibility of a neutral compound under the investigated pHs. MEKC runs presented a different peak (when compared to the control analysis) which represented a slightly hydrophobic compound. Mass spectrometry showed that the compound(s) may have a relative molecular mass within the expected range for siderophore molecules, such as 875, 1004 and 1092 Da.
Ortner Syndrome Due to Aortic Aneurysms

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ortner sendromu; sol rek&uuml;rren larengeal sinirin sol atrium hipertrofisi, pulmoner hipertansiyon yada aort anevrizmasi gibi kardiyak patolojilere sekonder olarak pulmoner arter ile aort yada aortik ligaman arasinda sikismasi sonucu, sol vokal kordda paralizi ve buna bagli ses kisikligi gelismesi olarak tanimlanmaktadir.\n77 yasinda erkek hasta, g&ouml;g&uuml;s &ouml;n b&ouml;lgede agri, &ouml;ks&uuml;r&uuml;k, nefes darligi ve ses kisikligi nedeni ile degerlendirildi. &Ouml;zge&ccedil;misinde 40 paket yil/ sigara ve hipertasinyon mevcuttu. Fiziki muayenesinde bilateral t&uuml;m zolarda ronk&uuml;s mevcuttu. Indirekt laringoskopik bakisinda sol kord vokalde paralizi saptandi. Aortaya y&ouml;nelik yapilan BT anjiyoda arkus aortada 7.5 cm lik parsiyel tromboze anevrizma ve anevrizmaya sekonder pulmoner trunkus ve sol ana pulmoner artere belirgin basilanma mevcuttu.
Examinee-Examiner Network: Weakly Supervised Accurate Coronary Lumen Segmentation Using Centerline Constraint

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Accurate coronary lumen segmentation on coronary-computed tomography angiography (CCTA) images is crucial for quantification of coronary stenosis and the subsequent computation of fractional flow reserve. Many factors including difficulty in labeling coronary lumens, various morphologies in stenotic lesions, thin structures and small volume ratio with respect to the imaging field complicate the task. In this work, we fused the continuity topological information of centerlines which are easily accessible, and proposed a novel weakly supervised model, Examinee-Examiner Network (EE-Net), to overcome the challenges in automatic coronary lumen segmentation. First, the EE-Net was proposed to address the fracture in segmentation caused by stenoses by combining the semantic features of lumens and the geometric constraints of continuous topology obtained from the centerlines. Then, a Centerline Gaussian Mask Module was proposed to deal with the insensitiveness of the network to the centerlines. Subsequently, a weakly supervised learning strategy, Examinee-Examiner Learning, was proposed to handle the weakly supervised situation with few lumen labels by using our EE-Net to guide and constrain the segmentation with customized prior conditions. Finally, a general network layer, Drop Output Layer, was proposed to adapt to the class imbalance by dropping well-segmented regions and weights the classes dynamically. Extensive experiments on two different data sets demonstrated that our EE-Net has good continuity and generalization ability on coronary lumen segmentation task compared with several widely used CNNs such as 3D-UNet. The results revealed our EE-Net with great potential for achieving accurate coronary lumen segmentation in patients with coronary artery disease. Code at http://github.com/qiyaolei/Examinee-Examiner-Network.
A novel sharp-cutoff FIR filter design technique and its application in software radio

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Frequency response masking (FRM) approach is an efficient technique to design a sharp-cutoff FIR filter. In this paper, a novel FIR filter design technique is studied based on frequency-response-masking approach. After introducing its principle, implementation structure and design method, its application in software defined radio (SDR) is stressed.
Employee Background Screening: A Key Tool for Workplace Trust, Safety, and Compliance

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

<p>This paper examines technological innovations in background screening and their impact on workforce management. It explores the integration of AI-driven hiring tools, digital identity verification, and blockchain-based compliance systems, assessing their influence on efficiency, fairness, and global workforce mobility. Using a mixed-methods approach that combined surveys of multinational corporations with interviews of HR professionals, the study found that AI tools streamline processes and reduce administrative costs, blockchain enhances security and trust in identity verification, and perceptions of fairness strongly shape candidate trust in algorithmic decision-making. Furthermore, these technologies ease cross-border employment verification, supporting workforce mobility, yet they introduce ethical challenges linked to transparency and bias. The study concludes that organizations must balance technological efficiency with ethical oversight, recommending regulatory harmonization, bias-mitigation frameworks, and context-specific blockchain adoption.</p>
Nuclear phosphatase PPM1G in cellular survival and neural development

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background: PPM1G is a nuclear localized serine/threonine phosphatase implicated to be a regulator of chromatin remodeling, mRNA splicing, and DNA damage. However, its in vivo function is unknown. Results: Here we show that ppm1g expression is highly enriched in the central nervous system during mouse and zebrafish development. ppm1g −/− mice were embryonic lethal with incomplete penetrance after E12.5. Rostral defects, including neural tube and craniofacial defects were observed in ppm1g −/− embryos associated with increased cell death in the neural epithelium. In zebrafish, loss of ppm1g also led to neural defects with aberrant neural marker gene expression. Primary fibroblasts from ppm1g −/− embryos failed to grow without immortalization while immortalized ppm1g −/− fibroblasts had increased cell death upon oxidative and genotoxic stress when compared to wild type fibroblasts. Conclusions: Our in vivo and in vitro studies revealed a critical role for PPM1G in normal development and cell survival. Developmental Dynamics 242:1101–1109, 2013 . © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Control of Flat Band Voltage by Partial Incorporation of La2O3 or Sc2O3 into HfO2 in Metal/HfO2/SiO2/Si MOS Capacitors

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

High-k/SiO2 interfacial properties are most critical factors determining the high-k gate MOSFET characteristics. We fabricated MOS capacitors of metal/HfO2/SiO2/Si structures in which were contained in the HfO2 layer. Flat-band voltage (VFB) shifts were measured by changing composition in metal/HfO2/(HfO2)1-x(La2O3)x/SiO2/Si and metal/HfO2/(HfO2)1-x(Sc2O3)x/SiO2/Si structures. It was found that VFB shift arises mainly from high-k/SiO2 interface rather than metal/high-k interface. VFB could be effectively controlled by incorporating La2O3 or Sc2O3 near the high-k/SiO2 interface.
Antinflammatory Activity Of A New Pyrazolon Drug

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Using carrageenan-induced paw inflammation model in rats, the anti-inflammatory effects of 4-acetyl – 1 phenyl 1-3 methyl 1 pyrazolone (HAP) were investigated and compared with those of standard anti-inflammatory agents viz indomethacin, HTFP (4triflouroacetyl-1 phenyl-3 methyl pyrazolone) and hydrocortisone. Rats were intraperitoneally administered different doses of HAP, HTFP, indomethacin and hydrocortisone and one hour thereafter, inflammation was induced by injecting carrageenan into the left foot. The right foot received saline. Five rats received carrageenan and saline only. Both the left and right feet were measured hourly for inflammatory response for four (4) hours. HAP, HTFP reduced the inflammatory response by 80% whereas hydrocortisone and indomethacin reduced the inflammatory response by 70% and 84% respectively. These results suggest that HAP, a new pyrazolon derivative may possess anti-inflammatory activity comparable to those of standard anti-inflammatory agents.
Autonomous Air Duct Cleaning Robot System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a new type of autonomous air duct cleaning robot system, which consists of three devices: the monitor and control device, the remote robot and the dust collection device. The control principle and structure design of the proposed robot system are introduced. The guiding device is proposed and designed to ensure the remote robot to move in straight route and turn automatically at corner. The control mechanisms of the remote robot and the rotating brush device are described in detail. In this paper, the 3D model of the remote robot is created and the assembly analysis is accomplished using Pro/E. Finally, a prototype of the rotating brush device is made manually to test the cleaning effect of the proposed robot system.
The Bilingual Brain: Human Evolution and Second Language Acquisition

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

For the past half-century, psycholinguistic research has concerned itself with two mysteries of human cognition: (1) that children universally acquire a highly abstract, computationally complex set of linguistic rules rapidly and effortlessly, and (2) that second language acquisition (SLA) among adults is, conversely, slow, laborious, highly variable, and virtually never results in native fluency. We now have a decent, if approximate, understanding of the biological foundations of first language acquisition, thanks in large part to Lenneberg's (1964, 1984) seminal work on the critical period hypothesis. More recently, the elements of a promising theory of language and evolution have emerged as well (see e.g. Bickerton, 1981 , 1990 ; Leiberman, 1984, 1987). I argue here that the empirical foundations of an evolutionary theory of language are now solid enough to support an account of bilingualism and adult SLA as well. Specifically, I will show that evidence from the environment of evolutionary adaptation of paleolithic humans suggests that for our nomadic ancestors, the ability to master a language early in life was an eminently useful adaptation. However, the ability to acquire another language in adulthood was not, and consequently was not selected for propagation.
shRNA inhibits SURVIVIN expression in human lung cancer cell A549

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective To construct shRNA expression vector of SURVIVIN for RNAi-mediated therapy of lung cancer.Methods DNA templates of SURVIVIN shRNA were designed,synthesized and cloned into the shuttle vector to get recombinant plasmids.After plasmids were transfected into A549 cells,the one with the most repression was screened by means of RT-PCR.Then MTT and Western blot were done to ascertain whether the proliferation of A549 cells were inhibited and SURVIVIN was down-regulated.Results The recombinants were constructed and screened successfully.The proliferation of A549 cells and SURVIVIN expression were repressed.Conclusion Mediated by RNAi,SURVIVIN expression was down-regulated,which suggested a potential gene therapy of huaman lung cancer.
Optical rotation in thin chiral/twisted materials and the gyrotropic magnetic effect

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The rotation of the plane of polarization of light passing through a non-magnetic material is known as natural optical activity or optical gyrotropy. The behavior of this effect in thin chiral conductors is of current interest. For example, the low frequency limit of gyrotropy in chiral 3D crystals, known as the gyrotropic magnetic effect (GME), is controlled by the orbital magnetic moment of electrons, which has been proposed to be relevant to current-induced switching in twisted bilayer graphene. We show that the GME is not limited to bulk materials but also appears for quasi-2d systems with minimal structure incorporated in the third direction. Starting from multi-band Kubo formula, we derive a generic expression for GME current in quasi-2d materials induced by low-frequency light, and provide a Feynman-diagrammatic interpretation. The relations between the 2d finite layered formula and 3d bulk formula are also discussed.
Synthesis\nof a New Ferroelectric Relaxor Based on\na Combination of Antiferroelectric and Paraelectric Systems

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Relaxor\nferroelectric-based energy storage systems are promising\ncandidates for advanced applications as a result of their fast speed\nand high energy storage density. In the research field of ferroelectrics\nand relaxor ferroelectrics, the concept of solid solution is widely\nadopted to modify the overall properties and acquire superior performance.\nHowever, the combination between antiferroelectric and paraelectric\nmaterials was less studied and discussed. In this study, paraelectric\nbarium hafnate (BaHfO<sub>3</sub>) and antiferroelectric lead hafnate\n(PbHfO<sub>3</sub>) are selected to demonstrate such a combination.\nA paraelectric to relaxor ferroelectric, to ferroelectric, and to\nantiferroelectric transition is observed by varying the composition <i>x</i> in the (Ba<sub>1–<i>x</i></sub>Pb<sub><i>x</i></sub>)­HfO<sub>3</sub> solid solution from 0 to\n100%. It is noteworthy that ferroelectric phases can be realized without\nprimal ferroelectric material. This study creates an original solid\nsolution system with a rich spectrum of competing phases and demonstrates\nan approach to design relaxor ferroelectrics for energy storage applications\nand beyond.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor regulates innate γδ T‐cell responses via IL‐17 expression

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT T cells expressing invariant γδ antigen receptors (γδ T cells) bridge innate and adaptive immunity and facilitate barrier responses to pathogens. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an upstream mediator of host defense that up‐regulates the expression of pattern recognition receptors and sustains inflammatory responses by inhibiting activation‐induced apoptosis in monocytes and macrophages. Surprisingly, Mif −/− γδ T cells, when compared with wild type, were observed to produce >10‐fold higher levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL‐17 after stimulation with gram‐positive exotoxins. High‐IL‐17 expression was associated with the characteristic features of IL‐17‐producing γδ T (γδ17) cells, including expression of IL‐23R, IL‐1R1, and the transcription factors RORγt and Sox13. In the gram‐positive model of shock mediated by toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST‐1), Mif −/− mice succumbed to death more quickly with increased pulmonary neutrophil accumulation and higher production of cytokines, including IL‐lβ and IL‐23. Mif −/− γδ T cells also produced high levels of IL‐17 in response to Mycobacterium lipomannan, and depletion of γδ T cells improved survival from acutely lethal Mycobacterium infection or TSST‐1 administration. These data indicate that MIF deficiency is associated with a compensatory amplification of γδ17 cell responses, with implications for innate immunity and IL‐17‐mediated pathology in situations such as gram‐positive toxic shock or Mycobacterium infection.—Kim, H. K., Garcia, A. B., Siu, E., Tilstam, P., Das, R., Roberts, S., Leng, L., Bucala, R. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor regulates innate γδ T‐cell responses via IL‐17 expression. FASEB J. 33, 6919–6932 (2019). www.fasebj.org