jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Roles of Representations and Tools in the Chemistry Laboratory and Their Implications for Chemistry Learning

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract In this historical and observational study, we describe how scientists use representations and tools in the chemistry laboratory, and we derive implications from these findings for the design of educational environments. In our observations we found that chemists use representations and tools to mediate between the physical substances that they study and the aperceptual chemical entities and processes that underlie and account for the material qualities of these physical substances. There are 2 important, interrelated aspects of this mediational process: the material and the social. The 1st emphasizes the surface features of both physical phenomena and symbolic representations, features that can be perceived and manipulated. The 2nd underscores the inherently semiotic, rhetorical process whereby chemists claim that representations stand for unseen entities and processes. In elaborating on our analyses, we � Examine the historical origins and contemporary practices of representation use in one particular domain-chemistry-to look at how developments in the design of representations advance the development of a scientific community, as well as the understanding of scientists engaged in laboratory practice. � Examine representations spontaneously generated by chemists, as well as those generated by their tools or instruments, and look at how scientists-individually and collaboratively-coordinate these 2 types of representations with the material substances of their investigations to understand the structures and processes that underlie them. � Draw implications from the study of scientists to make recommendations for the design of learning environments and symbol systems that can support the use of representations by students to understand the structures and processes that underlie their scientific investigations and to engage them in the practices of knowledge-building communities.
Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Substance Use: Using the Social Structure-Social Learning Model to Explore Drug Use in the LGBTQ+ Community

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other gender and sexual minority (LGBTQ+) community are disproportionately affected by illicit substance use, yet sexual orientation and gender identity are largely omitted from criminology frameworks. LGBTQ+ identity is incorporated into Akers’ Social Structure-Social Learning (SSSL) model to suggest that existing disparate substance use patterns may be attributed to variation in substance-related definitions, peer models, and reinforcement. Data from 2,349 young adults were used to estimate structural equations models. LGBTQ+ respondents reported greater substance use than peers. Consistent with theoretical expectations, this relationship was fully mediated by social learning constructs. This study justifies incorporating sexual orientation and gender identity into the SSSL model and suggests peer-based substance use interventions are particularly influential within the LGBTQ+ community.
Performance Analysis of Open Source Optical Character Recognition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Optical character recognition is the process of conversion of images of text into machine-encoded text electronically or mechanically. The text on image can be handwritten, typed or printed. Some of the examples of image source can be a picture of a document, a scanned document or a text which is superimposed on an image. Most optical character recognition system does not give a 100% accurate result. This project aims at analyzing the error rate of a few open source optical character recognition systems (Boxoft OCR, ABBY, Tesseract, Free Online OCR etc.) on a set of diverse documents and makes a comparative study of the same. By this, we can study which OCR is the best suited for a document.
Kinematic function of knee implant designs across a range of daily activities

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to measure and compare six‐degree‐of‐freedom (6‐DOF) knee joint motion of three total knee arthroplasty (TKA) implant designs across a range of daily activities. Seventy‐five TKA patients were recruited to this study and randomly assigned a posterior‐stabilized (PS), cruciate‐retaining (CR), or medial‐stabilized (MS) implant. Six months after surgery, patients performed five activities of daily living: level walking, step‐up, step‐down, sit‐to‐stand, and stand‐to‐sit. Mobile biplane X‐ray imaging was used to measure 6‐DOF knee kinematics and the center of rotation of the knee in the transverse plane for each activity. Mean 6‐DOF knee kinematics were consistently similar for PS and CR, whereas MS was more externally rotated and abducted, and lateral shift was lower across all activities. Peak‐to‐peak anterior drawer for MS was also significantly lower during walking, step‐up, and step‐down ( p < 0.017). The center of rotation of the knee in the transverse plane was located on the medial side for MS, whereas PS and CR rotated about the lateral compartment or close to the tibial origin. The kinematic function of MS was more similar to that of the healthy knee than PS and CR based on reduced paradoxical anterior translation at low flexion angles and a transverse center of rotation located in the medial compartment. Overall, 6‐DOF knee joint motion for PS and CR were similar across all daily activities, whereas that measured for MS was appreciably different. The kinematic patterns observed for MS reflects a highly conforming medial articulation in the MS design.
Non-synonimous polymorphism in helb is associated with male and female reproductive traits in cattle

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We report on the association with reproductive phenotypes of a genetic marker mapped to the HELB gene, in tropically adapted beef cattle. The genetic marker is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in chromosome 5 that is non synonymous and has a predicted deleterious effect on the coded protein. Reproductive phenotypes used in these analyses were from a population of the Cooperative Research Centre for Beef Genetic Technologies (Beef CRC). Bulls (n = 1,023) were from a mixed-breed population and represented animals not included in the original genome-wide studies (GWAS) that reported SNP associations on chromosome 5 for scrotal circumference (SC). Cows (n = 1,089) were Tropical Composites and most were from the population used in the original GWAS that described SNP associations on chromosome 5 for puberty and post-partum anoestrus interval (PPAI). Animals were genotyped with Taqman assays designed for 3 non-synonymous SNP. The results indicate that the SNP in HELB is significant for SC and PPAI at P < 10-7 and for heifer puberty (P = 0.0029). This SNP might aid across breed phenotype prediction for reproductive phenotypes given its significance in these mixed and composite cattle with both Bos taurus and Bos indicus ancestry. Future studies should target this HELB SNP in other breeds and populations to confirm the associations we described.
A hybrid technique for the optimal design of electromagnetic devices using direct search and genetic algorithms

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Genetic algorithms (GAs) have been successfully applied to optimization problems in a variety of applications in electromagnetics. In this paper, GAs are used along with a gradient-based direct search technique. The proposed hybrid optimization procedure was found to be efficient in most of the applications. The strengths of both techniques are used at different stages of the search. A magnetizer example is presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Acute Liver Failure: A Possible Consequence of Severe Hypophosphatemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A patient with acute liver failure, in whom no infectious, toxic, or other cause of hepatic damage could be found, developed severe hypophosphatemia along with hepatocellular necrosis. We propose that phosphate depletion may be responsible for the liver cell damage, as hypophosphatemia impairs tissue oxygenation and depletes cellular ATP.
Effect of microalgae Spirulina spp. as food additive on some biological and blood parameters of common carp Cyprinus carpio L.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was carried out to study the effect of adding different levels of the microalgae Spirulina spp. in fish laboratory of Animal Sciences Department, College of Agricultural Sciences of Sulaimani University, Sulaimani, Iraq. A total of 72 common carp fingerling weight 45±2 gm used to detect the effect of three different levels of the algae Spirulina spp. The control treatment T1 with 0%., T2 with 3 gm /kg diet and T3 with 5 gm Spirulina /kg diet. Each treatment in three replicates in which six fingerlings common carp were stocked in each aquarium. Results indicated no significant differences at PSpirulina) in T3 was higher significantly at PSpirulina was higher significantly at PSpirulina to common carp diets in different levels leads to significant differences in differential WBC counts, T3 with 5 gm Spirulina /kg diet was higher in WBC counts. Lymphocytes were higher in each of control and T3. Monocytes were higher in control, granulocytes in T2 with 3 gm Spirulina /kg diet. Adding of Spirulina affected significantly in cholesterol as compared to the control. Triglyceride was higher in control and T2. T3 with 5 gm Spirulina /kg diet leads to higher and lower significantly in HDL and LDL respectively. T1 and T3 were higher significantly in spleenosomatic index. Inclusion of S. platensis in fish diet as a feed additive or as a partial replacer of the expensive fishmeal imposes significant promotions in fish growth, coloration, reproduction and flesh quality.
SISTEM PAKAR DETEKSI PENYAKIT GINJAL BERBASIS MOBILE ANDROID

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Non-communicable diseases are diseases with the highest mortality where the mortality rate for this disease is 73%. Kidney disease is one of the non-communicable diseases in which disorders that occur in the kidney, are in two organs shaped like red beans on both sides of the lower back, precisely below the rib cage. Kidney disease taken in this study were 7 diseases namely kidney stone, kidney failure, kidney cancer, acute kidney failure, kidney infection, kidney cysts and polycystic kidney disease. Where in detecting the symptoms of this disease, a truly expert system and expert data are needed, and the implementation of the system makes it easier to develop alternative services using an Android smartphone where users will choose symptoms to be detected early, of course only specifically for detecting kidney diseases. This system will be easy to apply and use because it has only one display. And this system has run well according to the rules of symptoms and diseases that are given or applied.
Visual attention model analysis and benchmarking

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

There are various existing saliency models available for performing the detection of salient regions given a set of image data. But the performance of these saliency models varies with different sets of image data used. Consequently, this project seeks to analyze the performance of the saliency algorithms at detecting the salient regions using a standardized collection of image test data. A total of five saliency models are selected for analysis and three image datasets are used to perform the experiment. The output saliency maps generated by the respective algorithms will be analyzed based on the qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis approaches. Additionally, MATLAB scripts are written to assist in automating the process of batch operations to produce the results for ease of analysis. The findings are then consolidated and suggestions for improvement to the research efforts are made.
Mean airflow and heat transport patterns generated by wind machines with applications to frost protection

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we develop theoretical flow patterns for idealization of several types of wind‐machine settings of particular interest in the field of the wind‐machine protection of fruit orchards from frost damage. We further develop from dimensional analysis and asymptotic considerations a semi‐empirical formula for the effective velocity of a turning jet. We compute the time of arrival of air from a turning jet and by considering its relation to the transport we establish a semi‐empirical formula relating the thermal response (a measure of the heat transported) to the mean arrival time.
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HUMAN LEUKAEMIA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HUMAN LEUKAEMIA Get access ALICE M. STEWART, M.A. M.D. F.R.C.P., ALICE M. STEWART, M.A. M.D. F.R.C.P. Department of Social Medicine University of Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. HEWITT, M.A. D. HEWITT, M.A. Department of Social Medicine University of Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar British Medical Bulletin, Volume 15, Issue 1, January 1959, Pages 73–77, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a069719 Published: 01 January 1959
Opening the blind eye :causal modelling of perceived discrimination and academic disengagement for indigenous students

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The issue of minority groups showing patterns of disassociation from the academic environment has received considerable attention within both national and international psychological and educational literature. At the national level, some research has focused on Indigenous Australian students dissociating from academia, however to date, such research has either been circumstantial and/or has been based on small samples of Indigenous Australian students. The purpose of the study reported in this paper was to quantitatively explore the academic disengagement, anxiety, uncertain control, and self-sabotage of Indigenous students through the use of a longitudinal structural equation modelling techniques. Specifically, utilising self-report surveys from a sample of Indigenous Australian high-school students (n = 271), home socio-economic resources (SER), and perceived racial discrimination were examined to explore their causal rtelations. While SER was found to causally predict lower levels of self-sabotage, perceived discrimination causally predicted both higher levels of disengagement and low control. These findings suggest that future interventions need to focus not only upon socio-demographic factors, but also the psycho-social variables that may play a strong role in influencing Indigenous students’ engagement or disengagement within the schooling system.
The Lamp and the Wind in Tibetan Buddhism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the eighth century A.D., a vehement dispute arose in Tibet between representatives of Indian Buddhism, then predominately Madhyamika, and certain Chinese Buddhists who preached an extreme quietism. Tibetan king invited the great Indian pandit Kamalaila to represent the Midhyamikas in a debate to decide the issue. Accordingly, Kamalaila composed three treatises called Madhyamaka-bhavand-krama, The Steps of Cultivation According to the Madhyamaka School.3 In the second of these treatises, he
Interpretable time series neural representation for classification purposes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Deep learning has made significant advances in creating efficient representations of time series data by automatically identifying complex patterns. However, these approaches lack interpretability, as the time series is transformed into a latent vector that is not easily interpretable. On the other hand, Symbolic Aggregate approximation (SAX) methods allow the creation of symbolic representations that can be interpreted but do not capture complex patterns effectively. In this work, we propose a set of requirements for a neural representation of univariate time series to be interpretable. We propose a new unsupervised neural architecture that meets these requirements. The proposed model produces consistent, discrete, interpretable, and visualizable representations. The model is learned independently of any downstream tasks in an unsupervised setting to ensure robustness. As a demonstration of the effectiveness of the proposed model, we propose experiments on classification tasks using UCR archive datasets. The obtained results are extensively compared to other interpretable models and state-of-the-art neural representation learning models. The experiments show that the proposed model yields, on average better results than other interpretable approaches on multiple datasets. We also present qualitative experiments to asses the interpretability of the approach.
A population study of correlates of social participation in older adults with age-related vision loss

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: To examine personal characteristics, disease-related impairment variables, activity limitations, and environmental factors as correlates of social participation in older adults with vision loss guided by the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Model. Design: Baseline data of a larger longitudinal study. Setting: Community-based vision rehabilitation agency. Subjects: A total of 364 older adults with significant vision impairment due to age-related macular degeneration. Main Measures: In-person interviews assessing social participation (i.e. frequency of social support contacts, social/leisure challenges faced due to vision loss, and of social support provided to others) and hypothesized correlates (e.g. visual acuity test, Functional Vision Screening Questionnaire, ratings of attachment to house and neighborhood, environmental modifications in home). Results: Regression analyses showed that indicators of physical, social, and mental functioning (e.g. better visual function, fewer difficulties with instrumental activities of daily living, fewer depressive symptoms) were positively related to social participation indicators (greater social contacts, less challenges in social/leisure domains, and providing more support to others). Environmental factors also emerged as independent correlates of social participation indicators when functional variables were controlled. That is, participants reporting higher attachment to their neighborhood and better income adequacy reported having more social contacts; and those implementing more environmental strategies were more likely to report greater challenges in social and leisure domains. Better income adequacy and living with more people were related to providing more social support to others. Conclusion: Environmental variables may play a role in the social participation of older adults with age-related macular degeneration.
Porphyria and Vampirism—A Myth, Sensationalized

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Change hydrogen-peroxide forming NADH oxidase substrate specificity by site directed mutagenesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Site directed mutagenesis is a molecular biology technique used to determine the biological roles of many proteins. It complements computational techniques such as protein docking, where the structure of a complex between protein and its substrate is predicted based on the independently crystallized structures of the components through X-ray crystallization. Site directed mutagenesis involves a desired mutation at a defined site in a DNA molecule, and it is the molecular technique investigated in this research. The substrate specificity of hydrogen peroxide forming NADH oxidase from Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) was changed based on the protein docking results by doing site directed mutation. Two potential amino acids, Glutamic acid at position 385 and Phenylalanine at position 386, which were likely to be responsible for binding to NADH for oxidation to form hydrogen peroxide, were mutated to Serine and Arginine respectively through site directed mutagenesis. The gene, alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunit F (AhpF), has been cloned into two types of vectors: pJET1 for storage of gene, and pET30b(+) for protein expression. Activity of the mutated gene will be measured to determine the oxidation of AhpF in the presence of NADPH as a substrate.
Optimum Nitrogen and Density Allocation for Trade−Off Between Yield and Lodging Resistance of Winter Wheat

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Increasing nitrogen and planting density can enhance crop yield, but it can reduce lodging resistance due to decreased lignin content. There is an urgent need to find feasible measures to balance these conflicting factors. We conducted a two-year field experiment in Tai’an, Shandong Province, China, evaluated SN23 (lodging resistant) and SN16 (lodging sensitive), under three nitrogen applications (120 kg/ha, N1; 240 kg/ha, N2; 360 kg/ha, N3) and four planting densities (75 plants/m2, D1; 225 plants/m2, D2; 375 plants/m2, D3; 525 plants/m2, D4), with N2D2 as the control, and measured lodging resistance related indexes and yield. N2D3 (SN23) increased internode length by 0.40 cm, reduced fresh weight by 0.09 g, resulting in a bending moment reduction of 0.39 g/cm. Lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose decreased by 18.27, 16.48, and 16.22 mg/g DW, while S and G lignin subunits decreased by 118.09 and 127.34 μg/g DW, and H subunit increased by 23.59 μg/g DW. Eventually, the breaking strength was reduced by 1.74 g/cm resulting in a reduction of 0.09 in the lodging resistance index. The yield reached 10.17 t/ha due to an increase in spike number by 100.33 plants/m2, achieving an optimal balance between yield and lodging resistance in this experiment. This study provides a viable solution for balancing lodging resistance and yield in winter wheat.