jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Did Physics [Cosmology] Render God Unnecessary? A Critical Assessment of The Grand Design

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this study, we will consider the claim, defended by world-renowned cosmologist Stephen Hawking and science writer Leonard Mlodinow in their book The Grand Design, that science is able to explain the universe as a whole and that therefore there is no need to appeal to a supernatural being in order to account for the coming into existence of the universe out of nothing and its fine-tuned order. In this regard, we will first analyze the extent to which M-theory is scientific. For M-theory is mainly mentioned by Hawking and Mlodinow as the theory that explains scientifically the generation of the universe out of nothing and why the universe is the way it is. In the second part, the conception of science that Hawking and Mlodinow adopt on the basis of the model dependent realism will be analyzed. Moreover, we will call attention to some problems that are rooted in the increased gap between theory and experiment in contemporary physics. In the last part of the article, we will analyze the subject matter from Islamic viewpoint in a theological manner, and hereby we will attempt to answer the question 'what is an ideal relationship between science and religion in Islamic thought'? The general aim of the article is to demonstrate that M-theory,which is believed to be able to explain the generation of the universe, does not possess the scientific criteria for testability and that the claim that "physics renders God unnecessary" has no value other than being a speculative statement.
Goal Density-based Hindsight Experience Prioritization for Multi-Goal Robot Manipulation Reinforcement Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Reinforcement learning for multi-goal robot manipulation tasks is usually challenging, especially when sparse rewards are provided. It often requires millions of data collected before a stable strategy is learned. Recent algorithms like Hindsight Experience Replay (HER) have accelerated the learning process greatly by replacing the original desired goal with one of the achieved points (substitute goals) alongside the same trajectory. However, the selection of previous experience to learn is naively sampled in HER, in which the trajectory selection and the substitute goal sampling is completely random. In this paper, we discuss an experience prioritization strategy for HER that improves the learning efficiency. We propose the Goal Density-based hindsight experience Prioritization (GDP) method that focuses on utilizing the density distribution of the achieved points and prioritizes achieved points which are rarely seen in the replay buffer. These points are used as substitute goals for HER. In addition, we propose an Prioritization Switching with Ensembling Strategy (PSES) method to switch different experience prioritization algorithms during learning, which allows to select the best performance during each learning stage. We evaluate our method with several OpenAI Gym robotic manipulation tasks. The results show that GDP accelerates the learning process in most tasks and can be improved when combining with other prioritization methods using PSES.
The Modern Constitutional Mode of Government

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The notions of State and of the « Organs of the State » are explained in some details to distinguish their prerogatives from private prerogatives. Private property, in this respect, grants autonomy from the « Organs of the State ». It is part of the constitutional prerogatives protecting private persons against excessive public governmental encroachments. It is part of a constitutional order which combines both democracy and distrust for democracy, by limiting the prerogatives of the Organs of the State. The approach developed proposes a unitary view of the Constitution as providing for both public and private prerogatives, the first ones being exercised by Organs of the State and the second ones by legal persons which are not Organs of the State. Public and private prerogatives operate via fundamentally different rules, private property rights entitling their holders to exercise their prerogatives in a despotic manner, i.e. they can do what they want with what they have without the need to take anybody’s advice or authorization - which is the definition of despotism.
The virtual and the real

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

According to the statistics from Programme
for International Student Assessment (PISA)
and Trends in International Mathematics
and Science Study (TIMSS), a continuously
declining trend is showed in Swedish kids'
mathematical performance during recent years.
In comparison with other OECD countries, the
mathematical literacy of 15-year-old students
in Sweden is almost below average. So more
and more people start to doubt about Swedish
math education system.

Nowadays, tablets appear commonly as
teaching tools in schools and we accept digital
tools better and better in teaching and learning.

Scientific EdTech, a startup in the field of
educational gaming industry, aims to create a
brand new tablet game to improve the first to third
graders' basic mathematical abilities. I joined their
team as a 2D and concept artist. So I mainly paid
attention to game design, including background,
visual apprearance, game logic, and interaction
logic.

The experiment the team did about traditional
teaching and tablet teaching showed the potential
of gamification in education. And the result of the
survey about children's preference of the game
art style reflected the change of their aesthetics.
Through analyzing the existing educational games,
we realized the current games cannot be a reliable
way of teaching math. So there is an opportunity to
make an ideal mathematical game.

The outcome of the project would be an
educational tablet game, which aims to
create an appealing virtual world to stimulate
children's enthusiasm for learning math and
improve their mathematical performance
in reality. The project tries to influence the
digitization in the right direction together with
the teachers and innovate in backward teaching
methods and give both teachers and students a
better experience.
Hypothetical mechanism of action of novel human-specific RNA, LOC389023.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>(Top) In non-human primate, <i>DPP10</i> transcripts are expressed by the RNA polymerase II complex from the <i>DPP10-2</i> promoter (see text) that is tagged with H3K4me3. (Bottom) In human, there is specific gain of H3K4me3 signal particularly in the 5′ portion of the DPP10-2 promoter (see text), which is associated with a novel antisense RNA, LOC389023. This RNA recruits Polycomb 2(PRC2) and other transcriptional repressors in <i>cis</i>, thereby inhibiting expression of the sense transcript, <i>DPP10</i>.</p>
Supplementary Figure 1-8 from Inhibition of Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 Reduces Tumor Growth by Modulating β-Catenin Signaling

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Supplementary Figure 1-8 from Inhibition of Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 Reduces Tumor Growth by Modulating β-Catenin Signaling
Early Debates

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter provides an account of how organilleros elicited public anger because their activity did not fit into any of the social aid categories that had been in place since the late eighteenth century. Social aid in Spain relied on a clear-cut distinction between deserving and undeserving poor in order to rationalize the distribution of limited resources and reduce mendicancy on the streets. Organilleros could not, strictly speaking, be considered idle, since they played music, but their activity required no specific skills and was regarded with suspicion as a surrogate form of begging. The in-betweenness of the organillero caused further anger as it challenged attempts to establish a neat distinction between public and private spaces. On one hand, organillo music penetrated the domestic space, which conduct manuals of the nineteenth century configured as female; on the other, it brought women into the public space, which those manuals configured as male.
Evaporation of microdroplet on a heated plate at 408 K

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Droplet-based cooling systems require a detailed data on droplet evaporation at relatively high substrate temperature. We investigate the dynamics of water droplet evaporation on a heated sapphire substrate for the substrate temperature of 408 K. The stable (not boiling) evaporating droplet of 0.33 μl volume forms immediately just after boiling process when the temperature is still higher than boiling temperature of the liquid. Stick-slip motion is observed with the first depinning at 0.07 μl in volume. Total evaporation time is 1.13 sec.
Fast one-dimensional least squares matching of InSAR images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Image matching is one of the key steps in Processing of InSAR. In order to improve the reliability and the rate of matching, a fast least squares matching algorithm with one-dimensional azimuth searching was proposed. The interferometric SAR images obtained by space-borne ERS-1/2 and by airborne dual-antenna system were employed to do experiments of matching. The results show that the proposed one-dimensional least squares matching algorithm was fast and effective.
The justifying connection, mostly in Greek

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract I examine in this article the discourse function of the Greek connectives jati, epiδi, and afu. After tracing a general theoretical framework for discourse connectives, I focus on the discourse function of jati and epiδi in comparison with English because. On the basis of that examination, I then study the function of afu. My aim in this article is to expose the instructions that the aformentioned connectives carry for the articulation of discourse. This is a matter of how these small words contribute to the making of complex discourse units, offering a conceptual core with particular procedural meanings and communicating cognition in particular linguistic ways.
Hemolytic Streptococcus Toxins and Antitoxins

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Veldee stated that the use of a toxin prepared from the NY-5 strain of the hemolytic streptococcus in his rabbit ear method of testing was preferable to the use of toxins from other sources for determining the neutralizing value of antitoxins for therapeutic use. We have followed this suggestion for some time, employing a NY-5 toxin for test purposes and also for the production of antitoxin in horses. In May, 1932 we discovered that, although our antitoxin gave satisfactory neutralization values when tested against our own toxin, it failed to do so on titration with standard toxin obtained from the National Institute of Health. This was decidedly at variance with our earlier experience, for previously our antitoxins had neutralized both our own and National Institute toxins equally well. This finding led us to obtain transplants of the NY-5 strains from the National Institute of Health and from the Bureau of Laboratories of the New York State Department of Health. These cultures, designated N.I.H. and D 165 respectively were obtained in the fall of 1932. Our NY-5 stock culture had been sent us by Dr. A. R. Dochez in January, 1925 and is carried as P.H.D.
Transport of the precursor to neurospora ATPase subunit 9 into yeast mitochondria

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Isolated yeast mitochondria were able to take up Neurospora ATPase subunit 9 in vitro although the homologous yeast protein is synthesized within the mitochondria and inserted into the membrane from the matrix side (Tzagoloff, A., and Meagher, P. (1972) J. Biol. Chem. 247, 594- 603). The transfer of the protein was dependent on an energized mitochondrial inner membrane. It was accompanied by proteolytic processing of the precursor to the mature protein with the correct NH2 terminus as determined by Edman degradation of the transferred protein. The possibility is discussed that there are common features in the uptake machinery neither specific for one species nor specific for individual precursor proteins in the same species.
MicroRNAs in Preeclampsia: An Overview of Biomarkers and Potential Therapeutic Targets

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Preeclampsia (PE) remains a significant obstetric challenge, having complex pathophysiology and limited early diagnostic and therapeutic options. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators in PE, offering insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying placental dysfunction and impaired maternal adaptation. Differentially expressed miRNAs in both placental tissue and maternal circulation, such as miR-155, play key roles in regulating angiogenesis, trophoblast invasion, and inflammatory pathways, all of which are central to the development of PE. Ongoing investigations increasingly highlight miRNAs as promising non-invasive molecular indicators for the early diagnosis and risk stratification of PE. Furthermore, therapeutic strategies targeting miRNA pathways using mimics or inhibitors show promise in correcting molecular dysfunctions and improving maternal and fetal outcomes. However, clinical translation faces several challenges, including targeted delivery, off-target effects, and the assessment of long-term efficacy. Overall, miRNAs hold significant potential as both diagnostic tools and therapeutic agents, marking a promising direction for improving care in PE pregnancies.
Current Meter Data from the Southeastern Caribbean Sea, August 1978 to February 1979.

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Thirteen vector-averaging current meters were deployed on four moorings in the southeastern Caribbean Sea from August 1978 to February 1979. Velocity and temperature data are presented graphically as time series, histograms, and as variance spectra. Low-pass filtered data (72 hour period at the half-power point) are presented graphically as progressive vector diagrams, vector diagrams (stick plots), time series, and spectra. Scalar mean speeds ranged from 4 to 38 cm/s, and (mostly westward) vector mean speeds from 2 to 36 cm/s (all but one were less than 9 cm/s). The velocity and temperature variance were distributed among three frequency bands: subinertial, inertial, and tidal. In the velocity spectra the subinertial variance accounted for an average of 50% of the total variance, inertial 5%, and tidal 10%. In the temperature spectra the subinertial accounted for 75% of the total variance, inertial 1%, and tidal 10%. Individual records had peaks at periods between 10 and 45 days. (Author)
Effects of some medicinal plants on consumer sensory characteristics of village chicken meat

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective of the current study was to determine the correlations between the sensory characteristics of village chickens that were treated with medicinal plants. A total of 42 mature village chickens were kept at Fort Cox College of Forestry and Agriculture for 14 days until slaughter. The chickens were randomly allocated to five groups: Group 1 was for the negative control (treated with distilled water against gastro-intestinal parasites), group 2 was for the positive control (treated with Mebendazole), group 3 were treated with Aloe ferox, group 4 were treated with Agave sisalana and group 5 were treated with Gunera perpensa. Yellow maize mixed with wheat bran was given to the chickens at 600 g per group per day. The mean live weight of the chickens was 1.36 ± 0.667 (± standard error). There were significant treatment effects on aroma intensity, initial impression of juiciness for chickens treated with A. ferox, distilled water and mebendazole polymorph. Consumers gave higher scores for aroma intensity and connective tissue (P < 0.01) for birds treated with distilled water, mebendazole and A. ferox than that of G. perpensa. There were also positive significant correlations among first bite and amount of connective tissue of village chicken meat. Village chicken meat treated with A. ferox, A. sisalana and distilled water was tender, juicier and had a good flavour when compared to other medicinal treatments. It can be recommended that A. ferox and A. sisalana can be used in treating village chickens for it does not affect meat quality characteristics for human consumption.

Keywords: Flavour, juiciness, meat quality, medicinal plants, tenderness.
Editorial Commentary

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

No AccessUrology Practicethe Specialty1 Jul 2016Editorial Commentary Meena Davuluri and Stacy Loeb Meena DavuluriMeena Davuluri More articles by this author and Stacy LoebStacy Loeb More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.urpr.2016.01.007AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Editorial Commentary." Urology Practice, 3(4), p. 307 References 1 : Sex, role models, and specialty choices among graduates of US medical schools in 2006-2008. J Am Coll Surg2014; 218: 345. Google Scholar 2 : Mentoring in general surgery in Switzerland. Med Educ Online2015; 20: 27528. Google Scholar © 2016 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 3Issue 4July 2016Page: 307 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Meena Davuluri More articles by this author Stacy Loeb More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Magnetic X-ray diffraction from ferromagnetic iron

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Non-resonant magnetic diffraction of synchrotron radiation from ferromagnetic iron has been measured. The authors have used, for the first time, a white beam and single crystal sample. It is demonstrated that this combination can yield magnetic flipping ratios with small statistical and systematic errors. The technique has been used to investigate the polarization dependence of magnetic scattering.
Correlation and multiple regression studies in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The experiment on cauliflower cv.PUSHI was carried out to find out the correlation and multiple regression co-efficients among different characters.Yield was found to be highly significantly and positively correlated with all the ancillary characters viz., curd depth (0.9183), curd diameter (0.9053), weight of curd (0.8991), plant height (0.8897), weight of plant (0.8738) and plant girth (0.6861) the multiple regression co-efficients were found to be non significant due to multi collinearly between the characters.The step wise regression analysis showed that curd depths have highest contribution towards field followed by curd weight, curd diameter and plant height while the lowest contribution was due to plant girth and weight of plant.
Parental Caregiving by Adult Children

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Recent research in social gerontology has highlighted the importance of the family, particularly adult daughters, as caregivers for the impaired and chronically ill communitybased elderly. This paper explores the impact of employment and competing familial responsibilities on the level of assistance provided to elderly parents by adult children. Data were collected through personal interviews with a probability sample of noninstitutionalized elderly persons (N = 753) and their informal helpers (N = 502). Analysis is restricted to informal helpers who are sons or daughters of the older respondent. Hours of assistance varied in response to the level of parental impairment. The presence of the older parent's spouse was negatively related to hours of help. Competing demands on the helpers' time, particularly marital status, had a significant impact, with married children providing less help. Being employed significantly decreased the hours of assistance provided by sons but did not have a significant impact on the hours of assistance provided by daughters.
The effect of alkyl substitution on the oxidative cleavage of alkylphenylmethanols by ceric ammonium nitrate

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ions from substituted toluenes by the methyl radical and C should be zero or positive for the t-butyl radical. His postulation requires that all c> values be negative and he has predicted that c«-1.4 for abstractions by t-butyl radical (39). The validity of Zavitsas' postulation has been seriously questioned (41). Pryor and his co­ workers have reported a Hammett ap correlation for the reaction of t-butyl radicals with substituted toluenes. They reported c=0.99±0.04, the first reported positive C value for radical abstractions from toluenes. Pryor's work supports the theory of polar effects and greatly damages the arguments of Zavitsas. Polar effects are thought to be important factors in many free radical forming reactions. Euchardt and coworkers have reviewed the relations between structure and reactivity in free radical chemistry (42,43). They, pointed out that polar effects have a strong influence on the rate of fragmentation of peroxy esters. Kochi has attributed the high degree of se­ lectivity found in the fragmentation of alkoxy radicals to polar contributions in the transition state (44). A polar effect has been reported for the oxidative cleavage of 1,2diarylethanols with CAN (16). The c value of -2.0 was ob­
Association between Exercise and Cardiovascular System

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The global COVID-19 pandemic has changed our lifestyles. Self-constrained life, as a part of the “stay-home”approach to combatting COVID-19, has also changed the incidence of diseases. The number of patients withischemic heart disease and heart failure requiring treatment has decreased. It is well known that exercise can prevent and improve many lifestyle-related diseases. In competitive athletes, it is also known that exercise can altercardiac function for physiological adaptation. This section will review the relationship between exercise and thecardiovascular system.
Characteristics of Selected Silphium Species as Alternative Plants for Cultivation and Industry with Particular Emphasis on Research Conducted in Poland: A Review

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This article reviews the available research results of selected species of the genus Silphium L. (Asteraceae) as alternative plants for crops and industry. Silphium species have valuable qualities across a wide range of uses, which is very important in considering plant resources as a green alternative to a sustainable future. Species of the genus Silphium are tall perennials found in fields, prairies, open forests, and groves in the central and eastern parts of the United States and Canada. Various tribes of Native North American used Silphium for medicinal purposes. The cup plant Silphium perfoliatum L. is the most popular species of the genus Silphium due to its attractive ornamental, honey–giving, healing, and forage qualities. As the literature review shows, species of the genus Silphium are characterized by a high production potential in terms of yields and contain significant amounts of nutrients, i.e., carbohydrates, proteins, and L-ascorbic acid, as well as minerals and biologically active substances, e.g., terpenoids and essential oils, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and oleanosides. In addition, the research confirmed the possibility of using Silphium for fodder, as honeybee forage, phytoremediation plants, for reclamation of degraded land, as plants for energy purposes (biomass, biogas), and as plants that provide components with antimicrobial activity. This review largely takes into account many years of research experience conducted in Poland.