jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Readability of Patient Educational Materials in Sports Medicine

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: The internet has become an increasingly popular resource among sports medicine patients seeking injury-related information. Numerous organizations recommend that patient educational materials (PEMs) should not exceed sixth-grade reading level. Despite this, studies have consistently shown the reading grade level (RGL) of PEMs to be too demanding across a range of surgical specialties. Purpose: To determine the readability of online sports medicine PEMs. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The readability of 363 articles pertaining to sports medicine from 5 leading North American websites was assessed using 8 readability formulas: Flesch-Kincaid Reading Grade Level, Flesch Reading Ease Score, Raygor Estimate, Fry Readability Formula, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook, Coleman-Liau Index, FORCAST Readability Formula, and Gunning Fog Index. The mean RGL of each article was compared with the sixth- and eighth-grade reading level in the United States. The cumulative mean website RGL was also compared among individual websites. Results: The overall cumulative mean RGL was 12.2 (range, 7.0-17.7). No article (0%) was written at a sixth-grade reading level, and only 3 articles (0.8%) were written at or below the eighth-grade reading level. The overall cumulative mean RGL was significantly higher than the sixth-grade [95% CI for the difference, 6.0-6.5; P < .001] and eighth-grade (95% CI, 4.0-4.5; P < .001) reading levels. There was a significant difference among the cumulative mean RGLs of the 5 websites assessed. Conclusion: Sports medicine PEMs produced by leading North American specialty websites have readability scores that are above the recommended levels. Given the increasing preference of patients for online health care materials, the imperative role of health literacy in patient outcomes, and the growing body of online resources, significant work needs to be undertaken to improve the readability of these materials.
Can the 12‐lead ECG distinguish RVOT from aortic cusp PVCs in pediatric patients?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The ability to differentiate right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) from coronary cusp (CC) site of origin (SOO) by 12‐lead ECG in pediatric patients may impact efficacy and procedural time. The objective of this study was to predict RVOT versus CC SOO by ECG in pediatric patients. Methods Pediatric patients (<21 years) without structural heart disease with RVOT or CC premature ventricular contraction (PVC) ablations performed (2014‐2018) were evaluated through multi‐institution retrospective review. Demographics, ECG PVC parameters, ablation site, recurrence, and repeat procedures were collected. Results Thirty‐seven patients were evaluated (mean age 14.6 years, weight 60.6 kg): 11 CC and 26 RVOT PVC SOO. CC PVCs were less likely to exhibit left bundle branch block (64% vs 100%, P = .005), had larger R‐wave amplitude in V1 (0.27 vs 0.11 mV, P = .03), larger R/S ratio in V1 (0.37 vs 0.09, P = .003), and had precordial transition in V3 or earlier (73% vs 15%, P = .002). A composite score was created with the following variables: isodiphasic or positive QRS in V1, R/S ratio in V1 > 0.05, S wave in V1 < 0.9 mV, and precordial transition at or before V3. Composite score ≥ 2 was associated with a CC SOO (OR 42.0, P = .001, and AUC 0.86). Conclusions 12‐lead ECG of PVCs from the CC was associated with larger V1 R‐wave amplitude, larger R/S ratio in V1, and precordial transition at or before V3. A composite score may help predict PVC/VT arising from the CC.
Too Much History and Too Many Neighbours: Europe and the Balkans before 1914

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Balkans before 1914 must be considered both in terms of their own internal tensions and developments and in the wider European context which include growing nationalisms, revolutionary ideologies, and imperial rivalries. Three developments combined to make the region unstable and a threat to international stability: the emergence of national states in the Balkans, the weakness and then the apparent revival of the Ottoman Empire, and great power interests and ambitions.
Older age and obesity are associated with increased airway closure in response to methacholine in patients with asthma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Background and objective The reduction of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) in response to methacholine challenge in asthma may reflect two components: airway narrowing, assessed by the change in FEV 1 /forced vital capacity (FVC), and airway closure, assessed by the change in FVC. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree and determinants of airway closure in response to methacholine in a large group of asthmatic patients participating in studies conducted by the American Lung Association‐Airways Clinical Research Centers (ALA‐ACRC). Methods We used the methacholine challenge data from participants in five studies of the ALA‐ACRC to determine the closing index, defined as the contribution of airway closure to the decrease in FEV 1 , and calculated as %ΔFVC/%ΔFEV 1 . Results There were a total of 936 participants with asthma, among whom the median closing index was 0.67 relative to that of a published healthy population of 0.54. A higher closing index was associated with increased age (10‐year increments) (0.04, 95% CI = 0.02, 0.05, P < 0.005) and obesity (0.07, 95% CI = 0.03, 0.10, P < 0.001). There was no association between the closing index and asthma control. Conclusion Our findings confirm that airway closure in response to methacholine occurs in a large, diverse population of asthmatic participants, and that increased airway closure is associated with older age and obesity. These findings suggest that therapies targeting airway closure may be important in patients with a high closing index.
The ethics of epideictic rhetoric: Addressing the problem of presence through Derrida's funeral orations

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract I identify three modern approaches used to theorize epideictic rhetoric and suggest that each approach has difficulty dealing with the category of presence assigned to the genre by Aristotle. Drawing on Thucydides and, through him, Pericles' funeral oration, I suggest that Jacques Derrida's funeral speeches provide a way of rethinking the epideictic genre's presence as rhetorical ethics. More specifically, I argue that the function of presence in epideictic rhetoric is to provide an ethical interruption, and that Derrida, as one of our most accomplished funeral orators, helps us clarify the category of presence as it is described in Aristotle's and Thucydides' discussions of epideictic oratory.
BRAINS: a BIST compiler for embedded memories

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A built-in self-test (BIST) compiler for embedded memories, called BRAINS (Bist for RAm IN Seconds), is proposed. According to the memory specifications and test requirements entered by the user, BRAINS generates the synthesizable BIST code in Verilog as well as the corresponding BIST activation sequence and test-bench. The synthesis scripts for a commercial synthesis tool are also generated automatically. The architecture for the BIST circuits generated by BRAINS is an improved version of our previous design. The new design provides at-speed testing, diagnosis support, and programmable March test algorithms. The BIST compiler framework facilitates the generation of BIST circuits for various SRAM and DRAM architectures and configurations-BRAINS supports commonly used memory cores such as SRAM, EDO DRAM, SDRAM, etc. It is easy to use BRAINS for customized embedded memories. We have designed the system so that future extension to other types of memory can be done under the same framework.
Reverse Motion Setup for Two-Wheeler of Physically Challenged People

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In India physically challenged people are not provided with dedicated transport facilities by both public and private organizations, in spite of this many physically challenged people transport with vehicles (two wheelers) made for a normal person integrated with a retro fit setups to aid them handle those vehicle like their normal counterparts ,still they face difficulties in driving those vehicles and sometimes look for help of others for handling them .one of such scenario is the shortcoming of two-wheelers of physically challenged people to drive backward. It is easy for a normal human to move back a two-wheeler but it is much hard for a physically challenged one to do the same, So we thought of designing a reverse motion mechanism to move the two-wheeler back when required to avoid unnecessary U-turns and to move vehicle from narrow places like from parking without others hands to rely on .this project incorporates a electric motor coupled to both the supporting wheels of the two-wheeler of physically challenged people using a chain and sprocket drive, powered by a lead acid battery and controlled by rocker switch and a push button to operate the two wheeler in reverse by the user. It replaces the conventional gear box mechanism which is prone to more wear and tear and requires modification of power train.I.
OCR Perspectives in Mobile Teaching and Learning for Early School Years in Basic Education

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In these days, teaching and learning systems in schools with the use of mobile or portable devices such as tablets, e-readers, smartphones are becoming keen interests of educators as well as parents and teachers in worldwide. In this aspect, the early years of school children in basic education are the most challenging and important in developing effective and quality education for life. Since they are quite young and unable to dedicate time the need for easy to use and effective learning aids has become vital. Especially their writing skills are somehow needed to be improved with encouragements. In order to do so, the handwritten of characters and numerals performed by the children especially those living in less developing countries should be correctly recognized so that means and ways for remedies and solutions for improvements could be found. Thus the optical character recognition techniques for handwritten alphabets and numerals are moving into front especially the handwritten of children of early years in schools. In this paper, we introduce a Mobile Tutor-an effective and correct way of character segmentation and recognition of messy and unclear handwritten characters to help children learn and practice handwriting and early numeric operations such as addition and subtraction as well as help teachers monitor and review children's progress. Some experiments are performed by providing tablets to the users and collecting handwritten characters from the users for recognition and analysis.
Morphometric Study of Metopic suture in Adult North Indian skulls

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: A suture is a type of fibrous joint which only occurs in the skull or cranium. They are bound together by sharpeyâ€s fibre. A tiny amount of movement is permitted at sutures, which contributes to the compliance and elasticity of the skull. Sutures are junctions or line of articulation between adjacent bones of skull.Methods: The present study was carried out in the department of anatomy on Adult North Indian 100 Skulls of unknown age and sex which were obtained from the osteology section of Integral Institute of Medical Sciences and Research & King George medical university. 20 damaged and diseased skulls were excluded from the study and 80 skulls were observed.Results: In our study we observed 66 (82.50%) skulls who had neither complete nor incomplete metopic suture. 14 skulls (17.5%) had metopic suture either in the form of complete or incomplete. Complete metopic suture was found in two skulls (2.50%) and incomplete suture was observed in twelve skulls (15%). Among the incomplete metopic sutures, the incidence of linear incomplete metopic suture was 9/80 (11.25%), inverted 'U' shaped incomplete metopic suture was 1/80 (1.25%) and 'V' shaped incomplete suture was 2/80 (2.5%).Conclusions: Knowledge regarding persistent metopic suture is essential in studying the radiographs to avoid misinterpretation as fractures. It is also useful in evaluating various medico legal cases.
Austenitic Stainless Steels - New Aspects

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Stainless steel is still one of the fastest growing materials. Today, the austenitic stainless steel with the classic composition of 18% Cr and 8% Ni (grade 304L) is still the most widely used by far in the world. The unique characteristic of stainless steel arises from three main factors. The versatility results from high corrosion resistance, excellent low- and high-temperature properties, high toughness, formability, and weldability. The long life of stainless steels has been proven in service in a wide range of environments, together with low maintenance costs compared to other highly alloyed metallic materials. The retained value of stainless steel results from the high intrinsic value and easy recycling. Stainless steel, especially of austenitic microstructure, plays a crucial role in achieving sustainable development nowadays, so it is also important for further generations.
Investigation of the Impact of Illumination on Deep Learning-based Equipment Load Detection for Energy Demand Estimation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The main aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of lighting conditions on the detection accuracy of the vision-based equipment load detection approach.The work will be using artificial intelligence cameras to detect equipment information in different lighting levels, employing deep learning method to analyze and generate real-time equipment usage profiles for offices which can be inputted to the demand-based building controls to increase the efficiency of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems.The performance of the developed approach in various illumination conditions was compared by using a building energy simulation tool.The results showed that as compared with the conventionally-scheduled heating, ventilation, and airconditioning systems, the system with the use of equipment usage profiles conducted by the proposed approach can achieve up to 15% reduction in energy consumption depending on the setup of the camera in terms of indoor lighting levels.The finding indicates that adequate illumination level contributes to the decrease of building energy demand by achieving an effective deep learning approach.
Optimization and Mapping of the Deep Drawing Force Considering Friction Combination

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Deep drawing is characterized by extremely complex deformation that is influenced by process characteristics such as die and punch shapes, blank shape, blank holding force, material properties, and lubrication. The optimization of the deep drawing process is a challenging issue due to the complicated functions that define and relate the process parameters. However, the optimization is essential to enhance the productivity and the product cost in the deep drawing process. In this paper, a MATLAB toolbox (Pattern Search) was employed to minimize the maximum deep drawing force (Fd-min) at different values of the operating and the geometrical parameters. As a result, a minimum deep drawing force chart (carpet plot) was generated to show the best combination of friction coefficients at the blank contact interfaces. The extracted friction coefficients guided the selection of proper lubricants while minimizing the deep drawing force. A finite element analysis (FEA) was applied through 3D model to simulate the deep drawing process. The material modeling was implemented utilizing the ABAQUS/EXPLICIT program with plastic anisotropy. The optimization results showed that the deep drawing force and the wrinkling decrease when compared with experimental and numerical results from the literature.
207Bi in Environmental Samples and Model Calculations concerned with its Occurence

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

207Bi was detected in environmental samples and was studied in relation to the radionuclides produced by nuclear explosion tests. A nearly linear relationship between 207Bi and 137Cs was found while no such relationship was found between 207Bi and 144Ce. The 207Bi radioactivity was mainly ascribed to the old H-bomb tests which were terminated by early 1960's. Model calculation was carried out to estimate relative importance of three possible routes forming the radio-nuclide 207Bi. Among them 206, 207Pb(d, xn)207Bi reaction was found more important than the other two.
Status and management of the sea cucumber fishery of La Grande Terre, New Caledonia. Programme ZoNÎ˜Co

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

From October 2006 to May 2008, The WorldFish Center coordinated a ZoNÎ˜Co project to provide support to the Southern and Northern Provinces for decisions about how best to manage the sea cucumber fishery around La Grande Terre. We collected data during underwater population surveys, questionnaire-based interviews with fishers and processors, and landing catch surveys. A core aim was to furnish the Provinces with æballpark™ estimates of the abundance and density of commercially important sea cucumbers on 50 lagoon and barrier reefs. Analysis and synthesis of the ecological and sociological data provide the basis for informed recommendations for fisheries management. Counts of trochus and giant clams on the reefs allow us to also describe the general status of those resources. We propose 13 recommendations for management actions and fishery regulations and advocate an adaptive management approach. This multidisciplinary study should serve as a useful template for assessing other fisheries, and we provide a series of generic ælessons learnt™ to aid future programmes.
Does Changing Ownership Change Crime? An Analysis of Apartment Ownership and Crime in Cincinnati

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This Powerpoint slide presentation examines the question of changes in level of crime when ownership of an apartment building changes. Examination of data from Cincinnati, Ohio, shows that ownership change, size of apartment complex, and past crime all have some effect on crime counts. In particular, when the apartments that are sold are high-crime apartments, change in ownership tends to worsen the crime problem.
RARγ is critical for maintaining a balance between hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) sustain lifelong production of all blood cell types through fi nely balanced divisions leading to self-renewal and differentiation.Although several genes infl uencing HSC self-renewal have been identifi ed, to date no gene has been described that, when activated, enhances HSC self-renewal and, when activated, promotes HSC differentiation.We observe that the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) is selectively expressed in primitive hematopoietic precursors and that the bone marrow of RAR knockout mice exhibit markedly reduced numbers of HSCs associated with increased numbers of more mature progenitor cells compared with wild-type mice.In contrast, RAR is widely expressed in hematopoietic cells, but RAR knockout mice do not exhibit any HSC or progenitor abnormalities.Primitive hematopoietic precursors overexpressing RAR differentiate predominantly to granulocytes in short-term culture, whereas those overexpressing RAR exhibit a much more undifferentiated phenotype.Furthermore, loss of RAR abrogated the potentiating effects of all-trans retinoic acid on the maintenance of HSCs in ex vivo culture.Finally, pharmacological activation of RAR ex vivo promotes HSC self-renewal, as demonstrated by serial transplant studies.We conclude that the RARs have distinct roles in hematopoiesis and that RAR is a critical physiological and pharmacological regulator of the balance between HSC self-renewal and differentiation.
Research on Repeated Abortion: State of the Field: 1973–1979

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In January of 1973, the United States Supreme Court ruled in favor of abortion being the decision between a woman and her physician. During 1973 only 12% of all abortions performed were repetitions; in 1979 this rate climbed to 23%. A careful review of the literature indicates that the rates of repeated abortion in this country are approaching the “epidemic recidivism” rates found in Asian and European nations. Up to this point, the research on such recidivism has concentrated almost entirely on demographic features. This approach has contributed very little to identifying the repeated aborter before the fact. The present paper includes an extensive review of the current research conducted in a number of countries. Comparisons of repeated aborters shed some light on primary reasons for repeated abortions, such as failure of method of birth control, personal failure at applications, and abortion as a method of contraception. The paper examined the methodological and data collection problems in current demographic studies. Suggestions for a more productive approach are mentioned.
Development of E-Worksheet Based on Realistic Mathematics Education to Support Mathematical Literacy Skills of Junior High School Students

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The results of the 2018 PISA show that students’ mathematical literacy skills in Indonesia are quite low. This is because students are rarely given assignments in the form of mathematical literacy questions during learning, but students are only used to getting explanations and memorizing formulas. Another cause is that today’s teaching materials tend to go directly to abstract mathematics by starting with the presentation of concepts and formulas and rarely contain literacy questions. This research aims to develop an e-worksheet based on the Realistic Mathematics Education Approach to support the valid and practical literacy skills of junior high school students. The development carried out refers to the Formative Evaluation type by Tessmer, which consists of the preliminary and prototyping stages (expert review, one-to-one, and small group). The research subjects were 8th graders in SMP Negeri 1 Talang Kelapa with 3 students (high, moderate, and low level) for the one-to-one phase and 6 students (high, moderate, and low level) for the small group phase. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data regarding the validity and practicality of the e-worksheet. The results showed that the e-worksheet based on a realistic mathematics education approach to support the mathematical literacy skills of junior high school students is valid, based on the expert review and one-to-one phases, and practical, based on the small group stage. Furthermore, this developed-e-worksheet can be used by teachers or other researchers in the field test phase to see the potential effects given.