jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Myocardial Mass Contributes to the Discrepancy Between Anatomic Stenosis Severity Assessed by Intravascular Ultrasound and Fractional Flow Reserve in Intermediate Lesions of the Coronary Artery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives The present study investigated the major contributors to the discrepancy between the minimal lumen area (MLA) and fractional flow reserve (FFR). Background There was considerable discrepancy between MLA or diameter stenosis (DS) and FFR. Methods We enrolled 744 patients with intermediate stenoses of the left anterior descending artery (LAD). Summed epicardial coronary artery length distal to the target stenosis was obtained from each longest view of the vessels on the coronary angiograms. Mismatching was defined as a lesion with FFR of >0.80 and MLA smaller than the best cut‐off value (BCV) for predicting FFR of ≤0.80. Reverse mismatching was defined as a lesion with FFR of ≤0.80 and MLA larger than the BCV. Results Summed epicardial coronary artery length was longer at the lesions of proximal LAD than that of middle LAD (380 mm ± 82 mm vs. 341 mm ± 80 mm, P < 0.001). Reverse mismatching was found more frequently in the proximal than middle LAD (28.3% vs. 5.5%, P < 0.001). Independent predictors of FFR ≤ 0.80 were age, male, multi‐vessel disease, proximal LAD lesion, MLA, DS, plaque burden at distal reference, lesion length and summed epicardial coronary artery length. Proximal LAD lesion was an independent predictor of reverse mismatching (hazard ratio 3.162, 1.858–5.382, P < 0.001). Conclusions Myocardial mass subtended by a lesion is an important factor predicting FFR ≤0.80 and discrepancy between FFR and MLA. Myocardial mass subtended by a lesion should be considered when determining the revascularization therapy by intravascular ultrasound parameters. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
[Ethics of delivering the message of impending death].

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Two questions are discussed: 1. our relation to death. Contrary to the saying "shadows of the death" and to it's modern concealment this contribution states: death gives light: it enables to be conscious of one's self and to bow to the inevitable, it shows the valuables of earthly and mortal beings, and even allows us to hope. 2. Solidarity in the situation of death. This situation means the experience of being abandoned and in the same time the challenge to release the other (and to allow him to live [respectively to go]). Against the ego-centralizing power of pain and dread especially the dying needs aid--only to face to (the "hour of") truth. The decisive help is the helper: his being there and remaining by under the common fate.
Anxious and Depressive Disorders - Frequency and Comorbidity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PROFESSIONAL PAPER SUMMARY Introduction: Clinical experience and epidemiological, clinical international studies show a high prevalence and significance of psychiatric co- morbidity of depression and anxiety disorders. Goal: The goal of this study was to analyze the comorbidity of anxiety disorders and depression in patients at a Psychiatric Clinic, Clinical Center of Sarajevo University (CCUS), and examine the demographic profile of the patients. Material and methods: The study included 1202 patients with different diagnoses, hospitalized at the Psychiatric Clinic CCUS from January 1st 2010 to December 31st 2010. Of this total was selected 491 patients with depressive and anxiety disorders. The intensity of depressive symptoms was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), with 17 items, and anxiety symptoms were assessed by Beck Depression Inventory Scale with 21 items. The study was retrospective, clinical and epidemiological. Results: Of the total number of patients (1202) 424 (35.3%) patients had depressive disorders and anxiety disorders in 57 (4.7%). Comorbidity of these disorders occurs in 10 (0.8%) of patients. Depressive disorders were more present among males (89.1%), while the anxiety disorders and comorbidity in women with 13% and 3%. Depressive disorders are more common (91.7%) among older respondents (over 65 years) and an anxiety up to 25 years of age (25%). Comorbidity was present in 2.6% in age from 26-45 years. Smallest representation had the category of pupils/students with depression, and respondents with university education, which are mostly represented with anxiety disorders. According to duration of hospitalization is highest for depression (over 90 days) and shortest in the case of anxiety (30 days). Conclusion: The results of clinical and epidemiological studies indicate a trend that anxiety disorders and depression occur in comorbidity (simultaneous or alternating) more often than other psychiatric disorders. Clinical experience and epidemiological, clinical international studies show a high prevalence and significance of psychiatric comorbidity of depression and anxiety disorders. Severely depressed and anxious patients have reduced capacity for work, and as such represent a considerable burden to family, community and society. Proper diagnosis, monitoring and treatment leads to better and higher quality of life. Required is a further research of this complex phenomenon on a larger sample in order to improve prevention that is still inefficient.
A class group heuristic based on the distribution of 1-eigenspaces in matrix groups

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We propose a modification to the Cohen--Lenstra prediction for the distribution of class groups of number fields, which should also apply when the base field contains non-trivial roots of unity. The underlying heuristic derives from the distribution of 1-eigenspaces in certain generalized symplectic groups over finite rings. The motivation for that heuristic comes from the function field case. We also give explicit formulas for the new predictions in several important cases. These are in close accordance with known data.
A ptolemaic theory of emotion

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract A review of The Emotions by Nico H. Frijda (1986). Cambridge and Pans: Cambridge University Press and Maison des Sciences de l'Hornme, pp. 544, £35.00, $59.50 ISBN 0-521-30155-6 (hbk); £12.95, $17.95 ISBN 0-521-31600-6 (Pbk)
Pigmentary abnormalities in Great-tailed Grackles ( Quiscalus mexicanus ) from northeastern Mexico and southern Texas

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Reportamos 5 casos de encanecimiento progresivo en el zanate mayor (Quiscalus mexicanus) y un caso de plumas blancas, posiblemente por lesión, en el noreste de México y el sur de Texas, EE. UU. Los casos que reportamos muestran diferentes grados de intensidad. Las causas del encanecimiento de las plumas de las aves no están claras; discutimos las posibles causas y factores externos asociados con ella, y enfatizamos la importancia de documentar casos de anomalías pigmentarias. Palabras clave: aberraciones cromáticas, albinismo, canoso progresivo, leucismo.
The European Research Network on Men in Europe:The Social Problem and Societal Problematisation of Men and Masculinities The social problem of men: deliverable 14: Final Network Report

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Changing and improving gender relations and reducing gender inequality involves changing men as well as changing the position of women. The EU Framework 5 European Research Network on Men in Europe (2000-2003) has aimed to develop empirical, theoretical and policy outcomes on the gendering of men and masculinities in Europe. The Network has investigated the social problem and societal problematisation of men and masculinities. ‘Social problem’ refers to both problems created by men, and those experienced by men. ‘Societal problematisation’ refers to the ways in which men and masculinities have become problematised in society. The Network comprises women and men, researching men as explicitly gendered, in Estonia, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Norway, Poland, Russian Federation and UK.
Handwritten and Printed Text Separation in Real Document

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The aim of the paper is to separate handwritten and printed text from a real document embedded with noise, graphics including annotations. Relying on run-length smoothing algorithm (RLSA), the extracted pseudo-lines and pseudo-words are used as basic blocks for classification. To handle this, a multi-class support vector machine (SVM) with Gaussian kernel performs a first labelling of each pseudo-word including the study of local neighbourhood. It then propagates the context between neighbours so that we can correct possible labelling errors. Considering running time complexity issue, we propose linear complexity methods where we use k-NN with constraint. When using a kd-tree, it is almost linearly proportional to the number of pseudo-words. The performance of our system is close to 90%, even when very small learning dataset where samples are basically composed of complex administrative documents.
Combining Consensus and Tracking Errors in Sliding Mode Control of High Order Uncertain Stochastic Multi-Agent Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Controlling stochastic multi-agent systems (MAS) is a promising branch of systems engineering owing to its ability to solve complex practical problems by taking inspiration from the social behavior of living organisms. Consensus on more than one state is a less considered problem in the framework of leader-following control of high-order uncertain nonlinear stochastic multi-agent systems with unknown dynamics. To this end, in this paper, a sliding surface integrates a tracking error polynomial with consensus error between states of the connected agents. Accordingly, a new distributed fuzzy sliding mode controller is designed for a class of stochastic multi-agent systems with partially unknown deterministic dynamics and unknown bounded stochastic dynamics. The proposed control protocol steers agents to reach agreement on states of the leader and concurrently approximates the unknown part of their deterministic dynamics by using fuzzy systems with adaptive parameters. In the sense of Lyapunov, it is proved that consensus error and all of the closed-loop signals of each agent are semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB) in mean square. Under the designed controller, nonlinear closedloop experimental dynamics behave well in both tracking and reaching state consensus.
Pneumatosis coli in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Two patients with poorly differentiated lymphoma who developed pneumatosis coli are described. In one case, the intramural gas was associated with diffuse nodular submucosal deposits of tumour. An annular stricture due to lymphoma was the underlying aetiology of the pneumatosis coli in the second case. The pathogenesis of pneumatosis coli in the context of malignant lymphoma is discussed.
No Evidence of the Th1 to Th2 Cytokine Shift during the Course of HIV Infection

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Background and Objectives: Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) results in dysregulation of the cytokine profile. A switch from a T helper 1 (Th1) to a Th2 cytokine has been proposed as an important factor in progression of HIV infection to AIDS. The aim of the present study was to assess the level of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in HIV infected individuals in order to identify the switch from Th1 to Th2 cytokines. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on 140 HIV infected patients (21 treatment naive and 119 under treatment) and 35 matched healthy controls refereed to Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Tehran, Iran. The serum samples were checked with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-10 and interferon (IFN)-gamma. The Chi-square and t 2 -tests were used with the SPSS 16 package program for statistical analysis Results: A total of 140 HIV positive patients with mean age 36.9±9.2 years and 35 matched controls were enrolled in the study. IL-2 level was relatively higher and IL-10, IL-4 and IFN-gamma levels were relatively lower in the treatment naive group than the under treatment group. Except for IL-2, all of the other cytokines exhibited a negative correlation with the CD4 cell counts and IFN-gamma levels showed the strongest negative correlation. Conclusion: Our observations did not demonstrate switching of the type 1 to type 2 T helper cells cytokine profile in HIV infected patients and suggested more complex changes in Th1 to Th2 cytokine patterns in HIV infection.
DNA amplification using PCR with abutting primers

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

DNA analysis of ñîmplex biological objects (wastewater, soil, archaeological and forensic samples, etc.) is currently of great interest. DNA of these objects is characterized by low suitability for research due to the violation of its integrity and chemical structure; thus, the detection of specific nucleic acid fragments can be achieved by PCR with contiguous primers. In this paper, we present the results that clarify the specific characteristics of PCR with abutting primers. The 3'-ends of these primers are annealed at adjacent nucleotides of complementary chains of DNA target. It has been shown that the proximity of primers enables the formation of specific reaction products with a higher sensitivity and less reaction time. Using artificially damaged DNA and DNA from the soil we demonstrated that the abutting primers provide assured detection of specific DNA fragments. The results of this work may be taken into account in PCR with degraded (fragmented) DNA.
Implementation and assessment of a self‐ and community‐based rehabilitation programme in patients with haemophilia from Côte d’Ivoire

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction In resource‐constrained countries, few patients with haemophilia (PWH) have access to clotting factor concentrates (CFC), with increased musculoskeletal (MSK) complications. Physiotherapy actively contributes to preventing MSK complications, minimizing joint damage and reducing pain. Aim To assess the impact of a 20‐week self‐ and community‐based rehabilitation (CBR) programme in Ivorian PWH. Methods Fifty participants underwent a clinical and functional baseline assessment with identification of joints' functional defects and initiation of an individualized exercise programme comprising exercises to improve strength, joint mobility and proprioception. Hemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS), 2‐minute walking test (2MWT), Timed Up and Go (TUG), goniometry and maximal isometric voluntary contractions using the MicroFET2 were performed at baseline (T1) and at Week 20 (T2). Results At T2, there was a significant improvement in both the 2MWT and TUG tests. The HJHS total score decreased significantly from 23.6 ± 14.2 at T1 to 20.4 ± 13 at T2. A significant improvement in joint health was found in the left elbow, right knee and right ankle, with elements correlating with joint function responsible for these improvements. A strong programme adherence was observed, with 94% of participants reporting regular exercise performance and a high degree of satisfaction. Conclusion The programme with its encouraging results is meant to be the first step towards a more ambitious project. Self‐based and CBR programmes are inexpensive and efficient treatment options designed to minimize the detrimental effects of joint and muscle bleedings, and to increase the functional independence and quality of life of PWH with limited access to CFC and physiotherapy.
Osteoinductive Electrospun Scaffold Based on PCL-Col as a Regenerative Therapy for Peri-Implantitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Peri-implantitis is a serious condition affecting dental implants that can lead to implant failure and loss of osteointegration if is not diagnosed and treated promptly. Therefore, the development of new materials and approaches to treat this condition is of great interest. In this study, we aimed to develop an electrospun scaffold composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) microfibers loaded with cholecalciferol (Col), which has been shown to promote bone tissue regeneration. The physical and chemical properties of the scaffold were characterized, and its ability to support the attachment and proliferation of MG-63 osteoblast-like cells was evaluated. Our results showed that the electrospun PCL-Col scaffold had a highly porous structure and good mechanical properties. The resulting scaffolds had an average fiber diameter of 2–9 μm and high elongation at break (near six-fold under dry conditions) and elasticity (Young modulus between 0.9 and 9 MPa under dry conditions). Furthermore, the Col-loaded scaffold was found to decrease cell proliferation when the Col content in the scaffolds increased. However, cytotoxicity analysis proved that the PCL scaffold on its own releases more lactate dehydrogenase into the medium than the scaffold containing Col at lower concentrations (PCL-Col A, PCL-Col B, and PCL-Col C). Additionally, the Col-loaded scaffold was shown to effectively promote the expression of alkaline phosphatase and additionally increase the calcium fixation in MG-63 cells. Our findings suggest that the electrospun membrane loaded with Col can potentially treat peri-implantitis by promoting bone formation. However, further studies are needed to assess the efficacy and safety of this membrane in vivo.
Stabilization of a one-dimensional short-range model atom in intense laser fields

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. The stabilization of atoms in the presence of very intense and short laser pulses has been proposed and confirmed in various numerical simulations (e.g. Su et al). A question was then raised by several authors (Chen and Bernstein, Krainov and Preobrazhenskii, and Geltman) concerning the possibility of producing such stabilization in a one-dimensional model atom with zero range of electron–nucleus interaction. In this paper we report evidence of stabilization through the suppression of ionization for such a model atom. We find that the use of a high-frequency laser pulse is necessary for such a realization. 1.
Effect of Regeneration Media on Shoot Production From Anther Cultures of Rice

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This article 'Effect of Regeneration Media on Shoot Production From Anther Cultures of Rice' appeared in the International Rice Research Notes series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and rice-based systems. The series is a mechanism to help scientists keep each other informed of current rice research findings. The concise scientific notes are meant to encourage rice scientists to communicate with one another to obtain details on the research reported.
Different Effects of Metformin on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis in Bromocriptine- and Cabergoline-treated Patients with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis and Glucose Metabolism Abnormalities

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Metformin was found to reduce serum thyrotropin levels in patients with hypothyroidism. This effect was less pronounced if patients were additionally treated with bromocriptine. The study included 39 premenopausal women with autoimmune thyroiditis and thyrotropin levels exceeding 3.0 mU/L. All patients had been treated for at least 6 months with bromocriptine (5.0-7.5 mg daily) or cabergoline (0.5-1.0 mg weekly). Because of coexisting type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance, they were then given metformin (1.7-2.55 g daily). Glucose homeostasis markers, thyroid antibody titers, as well as serum levels of thyrotropin, total and free thyroid hormones and prolactin were determined before and after 6 months of metformin treatment. At baseline, cabergoline-treated patients were less insulin resistant as well as tended to have lower levels of prolactin than bromocriptine-treated patients. Although in both treatment groups, metformin decreased plasma levels of fasting and post-challenge plasma glucose and improved insulin receptor sensitivity, this effect was more prominent in patients receiving cabergoline. However, only in bromocriptine-treated patients, metformin decreased serum thyrotropin and this effect reached the level of significance in a subgroup of patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. Neither in cabergoline- nor in bromocriptine-treated patients, metformin affected thyroid hormone levels and thyroid antibody titers. Our results indicate that the effect of metformin on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity is partially determined by endogenous dopaminergic tone, thyrotrope activity and insulin sensitivity.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of MicroRNA-29 facilitates transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells to alleviate pelvic floor dysfunction by repressing elastin.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) is a condition affecting many women worldwide, with symptoms including stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP).We have previously demonstrated stable elastin-expressing bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) attenuated PFD in rats, and aim to further study the effect of microRNA-29a-3p regulation on elastin expression and efficacy of BMSC transplantation therapy.Methods: We inhibited endogenous microRNA-29a-3p in BMSCs and investigated its effect on elastin expression by RT-PCR and Western blot.MicroRNA-29-inhibited BMSCs were then transplanted into PFD rats, accompanied by sustained release of bFGF using formulated bFGF in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NP), followed by evaluation of urodynamic tests.Results: MicroRNA-29a-3p inhibition resulted in upregulated expression and secretion of elastin in in vitro culture of BMSCs.After co-injection with PLGA-loaded bFGF NP into the PFD rats in vivo, microRNA-29a-3p-inhibited BMSCs significantly improved the urodynamic test results.Conclusions: Our multidisciplinary study, combining microRNA biology, genetically engineered BMSCs, and nanoparticle technology, provides an excellent stem cell-based therapy for repairing connective tissues and treating PFD.