jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Two-Stage Model for Fatigue Life Assessment of High Frequency Mechanical Impact (HFMI) Treated Welded Steel Details

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Welded steel details are critical components from the aspect of fatigue. Additional fatigue resistance can be achieved by the High-Frequency Mechanical Impact (HFMI) treatment. This treatment increases the crack initiation period by improving the weld geometry, introducing compressive residual stresses, and increasing the weld toe’s hardness. The study presented in this paper is based on the development and calibration of an Initiation–Propagation-based Two-Stage Model (TSM), which is, by the combination of different methods, suitable to separately consider crack initiation and crack propagation. It is shown that a TSM is able to predict the fatigue life of as-welded and HFMI-treated welded steel details, which is proven by comparing the calculated results with the results of tests on similar details given in the literature. A parametric study of the TSM is conducted for different steel grades in order to investigate the influence of steel strength and HFMI parameters on fatigue lives of a welded steel detail with longitudinal attachment.
Towards a Historical Treebank of Middle and Early Modern Welsh, Part I: Workflow and POS Tagging

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article introduces the working methods of the Parsed Historical Corpus of the Welsh Language (PARSHCWL). The corpus is designed to provide researchers with a tool for automatic exhaustive extraction of instances of grammatical structures from Middle and Modern Welsh texts in a way comparable to similar tools that already exist for various European languages. The major features of the corpus are outlined, along with the overall architecture of the workflow needed for a team of researchers to produce it. In this paper, the two first stages of the process, namely pre-processing of texts and automated part-of-speech (POS) tagging are discussed in some detail, focusing in particular on major issues involved in defining word boundaries and in defining a robust and useful tagset.
Analysis on the Influencing Factor of Interval Change of Surface Water Resources in Fuxin Area

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Compared the result of second water resources appraisal in Fuxin area with the first appraisal one,the surface water resources quantity decreased obviously.In order to make it clear,the thorough analysis to the appraisal material series was made.It was discovered that the result was influenced by three aspects,such as surface runoff,interval change of rainfall, and human activities.
I Wanted to See the Whole of London

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Taking the London Underground Journey Planner - an established signifier of London - a navigation aid for millions of visitors and residents, I set out to discover, visit and see the whole of London. The binaural recordings comprise 60 hours of real-time audio of my visit to every Underground station on the plan. This plays back via a computer program which is itself selecting a continuous journey at each station with line interchanges. Presented with an accompanying screen displaying the colour demarcating the current line being traveled. The computer is selecting a possible and continuous journey across and around London on the Underground transit system, playing back in the same time scale as the journey takes. The journey does not end.
DP119 | REAL-WORLD SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF CAR-T CELLS THERAPIES FOR RELAPSED/REFRACTORY MULTIPLE MYELOMA: THE CAR-T ITALIAN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The treatment of RRMM witnessed the introduction of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies targeting the B Cell Maturation Antigen (BCMA). However, their efficacy and safety profile stemmed from controlled clinical trials, whose patients’ (pts) characteristics may not adequately mirror the real-life populations. Moreover, pts’ selection and the sequencing of previous and subsequent therapies are not an entirely elucidated process. Thus, real-word evidence validation is warranted. We designed a multicentre, observational, ambispective national study, to explore CAR-T efficacy, safety, and feasibility in the Italian healthcare system. The study is supported by AIL. The overall response rate (ORR) will be the primary study objective. Key secondary objectives will include the rates of complete response (CR), minimal residual disease negativity rates, progression-free and overall survival, manufacturing failures, drop-outs after leukapheresis, as well as the validation of clinical and biological markers predictive of outcomes and toxicities. Safety outcomes including the rates of cytokine release syndrome (CRS), immune effector T cells associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), cytopenias, infections, and secondary primary malignancies will be recorded. Efficacy of bridging and subsequent therapies will be examined, to inform treatment sequencing. Immunological and molecular predictors of response, toxicity, and resistance will be assessed as exploratory endpoints. As more CAR-T products and extended indications will be approved, their respective efficacy and safety profiles will be compared. Herein, we anticipate an early glance at 20 pts who underwent leukapheresis for standard care idecabtagene vicleucel. Pts’s features are listed in Table 1. Infusion rate was 90% (1 manufacturing failure, 1 clinical deterioration). Best ORR/CR rates were 94% and 50%, respectively. At a median follow up of 5 months (mos), survival data are still immature. Any grade/≥ grade 3 CRS or ICANS occurred in 100%/5% and 11%/0% of pts, respectively; tocilizumab and steroids were required in 94% and 39% of pts, respectively. At one month from infusion, 66% of pts had ≥ grade 3 cytopenia, that resolved by 3 mos in 99% of them. One ≥ grade 3 infection occurred. Our study aims to inform the real-life impact of CAR-T therapies for RRMM. A larger series of patients with extended follow up and granular data will be presented at the meeting.
Traumatic vertebral body second lumbar over third lumbar retrolisthesis in a child: Reporting the first case along with the review of relevant literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Traumatic retrolisthesis of the lumbar vertebrae is a rare entity in children. Only four such cases, two cases each of first lumbar–second lumbar (L1–L2) and L5-S1 retrolisthesis in children, have been reported so far in the English scientific literature. Here, we report a traumatic retrolisthesis of the L2 vertebra in an 8-year-old male child. He was injured when he lost control while playing, skidded, and fell into a 1-m deep drainage system hole. He presented with backache and urinary retention. His plain radiographs and noncontrast computed tomography of the lumbosacral spine revealed Meyerding Grade II retrolisthesis of the L2 vertebra over the third. The magnetic resonance imaging of the affected area revealed no significant canal narrowing, and there was no spinal cord compression or contusion. A urodynamic study was done which revealed a normal bladder function. The patient was given a trial of spontaneous urination by removing the Foley's catheter after 5 days of injury, and he passed urine normally. The patient was managed conservatively. He was discharged on day 7 with the advice of complete bed rest of 6 weeks and thoracolumbosacral orthoses. The patient has been in follow-up for the past 15 months, and his listhesis has completely resolved. The patient is ambulatory with no neurodeficit. This case is being presented in view of rarity. This is the first case report of L2 over L3 retrolisthesis in a child.
Quality of Life as Medicine. II. A Pilot Study of a Five-Day �Quality of Life and Health� Cure for Patients with Alcoholism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Alcoholism can be understood as a self-treatment for existential pain. A 5-day treatment was designed to relieve this psychological pain and existential anxiety, and thereby diminish the need for self-treatment with alcohol. The basic principle behind the treatment was holistic, restoring the quality of life (QOL) and relationship with self, which according to the life mission theory happens when life-denying views are corrected and inner emotional conflicts are solved. The method in this treatment was a course with teachings in philosophy of life, psychotherapy, and body therapy. The synergy attained was considerable and the outcome demonstrates that in the course of 1 week, people have time to revise essential life-denying views and to integrate important, unfinished life events involving negative feelings. This was demonstrated by an improved QOL and a decrease in their dependency and need for alcohol abuse. In the week before, after the 5-day course, and again after 1 and 3 months, the 16 participants completed the SEQOL questionnaire on QOL and health. This was a pilot study based on a pre-experimental design, without a control group and without clinical control. Common for the group were a low QOL, numerous health problems, and alcohol dependency in spite of treatment with Antabus� (disulfiram). The study showed an increase in QOL from 57.6% before the course to 69.4% 3 months after the course, or an improvement in QOL of 11.8%. There was a 24.0% improvement in self-perceived mental health, and satisfaction with health in general was improved by 11.1%. The total sum of health symptoms in the group was reduced from 59% of maximum to 33%. It is concluded that for this small and motivated group with alcohol problems, it was possible to improve QOL and health in only 5 days with a holistic treatment that combined philosophy of life, psychotherapy, and body therapy, but the results are not final. Further research is needed.
Competition between Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei in mixed continuous culture

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

In natural oral ecosystems, succession of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species occurs in bacterial communities which can be associated with the development of carious lesions. The objective of this study was to explore the interaction between 2 strains of S. mutans (SF2452) and Lactobacillus casei (RB1014) when grown together in continuous culture under conditions of varying environmental pH and in the presence of fluoride. When the strains, isolated from approximal carious lesions, were grown initially at a dilution rate of 0.1 h ‐1 under a glucose limitation at pH 7.0, a stable mixed community developed (Days 5–10) with S. mutans as the dominant population. When the pH control was removed (Day 10), the binary culture lowered the pH to 5.1 causing a small reduction in the numbers of S. mutans and allowing L. casei to predominate. A more dramatic effect was seen when the environmental pH was rapidly lowered to 4.8 by the addition of acid. In this case, the S. mutans population was significantly reduced and the L. casei population rose to the level previously held by S. mutans. Re‐adjustment of the pH to 7.0 resulted in a re‐establishment of the population ratios prior to the addition of acid. The possibility that S. mutans was capable of aciduric adaptation during a biologically‐generated pH reduction was examined by mixing cultures of both organisms after each had been grown to steady slate at pH 5.5 in separate chemostats. In this case S. mutans maintained its population and was dominant in the community at pH 5.5 indicating that adaptation by S. mutans had given it an ecological advantage over L. casei at this pH. The addition of fluoride (20 mM) to the mixed culture favored L. casei since the growth of S. mutans was greatly inhibited al this fluoride level. Nevertheless S. mutans was able to survive at low levels in the chemostat, presumably in surface films, for at least 5 days, since removal of fluoride from (he medium resulted in the re‐establishment of S. mutans in a competitive position with L. casei. These experiments indicate that S. mutans possesses adaptive and survival characteristics which would be of considerable advantage in an ecological system such as dental plaque.
Genetic ablation of cyclophilin D, a component of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, improves insulin sensitivity in high‐fat fed mice

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the development of insulin resistance. Inhibition or genetic ablation of cyclophilin D (CypD), a critical protein of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP), has been shown to protect against mitochondrial injury in skeletal muscle. We hypothesized that CypD knockout (KO) mice would be protected from high‐fat diet‐induced insulin resistance. We subjected 8‐week old male CypD KO (n=8) and wild‐type (WT) littermates (n=4) to 10 weeks of high fat feeding (60%). Before the diet intervention, CypD KO and WT littermates had similar body weight, food intake, insulin tolerance test (ITT) and glucose tolerance test (GTT) profiles. After high‐fat feeding, CypD KO mice had significantly lower glucose levels on GTT ( p < 0.005 for the area under the curve, AUC) and lower fasting glucose levels compared with WT mice (117.5±17.2 vs. 166.8±36.1, p < 0.01). ITT showed generally lower glucose levels in the CypD KO mice with a statistical difference at 30 minutes (85.5±32.5 vs. 140.4±55.3, p < 0.05). Therefore, insulin resistance induced by high fat diet is attenuated in mice lacking a critical component of the mitochondrial PTP.
Abstract 218: Therapeutic Hypothermia Alone and Combination With Preconditioning Blunt Inflammation in Experimental Hemorrhagic Shock

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Recent studies by our group indicate that preconditioning, therapeutic hypothermia (TH) and TH combined with preconditioning improved long-term survival during resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a marker of inflammation associated with increased mortality in patients with severe hemorrhage shock. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of these three therapies on NLR level in rats with acute hemorrhagic shock. Methods and Results: In the preconditioning study, Sprague Dawley rats (both genders) were randomized to preconditioning (n=26) or control group (n=27); in the hypothermia study, rats were randomized to TH (n=16) or control group (n=15); in a combination study, rats were randomized to TH plus preconditioning (n=11) or control group (n=10). Rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal Ketamine and xylazine. After heparinizing, hemorrhagic shock was induced by withdrawing blood to a fixed mean blood pressure (MBP) of 30 mmHg for 30 minutes and then shed blood was reinfused. Preconditioning was induced by 4 cycles of inflating small cuffs around the femoral arteries to 200 mmHg for 5 minutes, followed by 5-minute deflation of the cuffs prior to hemorrhagic shock. TH started at 5 minutes after MBP reached 30 mmHg. Core temperature was maintained at ~32 °C until blood volume was fully restored. In the control group, body temperature was maintained at ~ 37°C. Arterial blood samples were collected 1 hour after resuscitation. The NLR is an easily accessible biomarker, which is calculated by dividing the absolute neutrophil count by the absolute lymphocyte count. The NLR was significantly lower in TH group (0.20 ± 0.02) compared with the control group (0.32 ± 0.03; p=0.003). Similarly, the NLR level was significantly decreased in TH plus preconditioning group (0.19 ± 0.02) versus the control group (0.33 ± 0.02; p= 0.001). There was no difference in NLR level between the preconditioning group (0.41 ± 0.04) and the control group (0.41 ± 0.04; p=0.984). Conclusions: NLR is widely recognized inflammation marker associated with poor prognosis in severe hemorrhagic shock. TH alone and TH combined with preconditioning blunt the inflammation by decreasing the NLR level in experimental hemorrhagic shock.
CEO's Values, Management Style and Firm Performance: Evidence from Social Enterprise in Europe

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

A substantial body of research emphasizes the importance of the person in charge of an organization for a firm’s decisions and performance, yet less is known about which individual traits and experiences can explain variation in management styles that contribute to differences in firm performance. Our paper explores the possibility that a CEO’s personal values help shape his or her management style, which in turn helps drive firm outcomes.
Detection of aberrant events in RNA sequencing data

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract

RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has emerged as a powerful approach to discover disease-causing gene regulatory defects for individuals affected with a genetically undiagnosed rare disorder. Pioneer studies have shown that RNA-seq could increase diagnostic rates over DNA sequencing alone by 8% to 36 % depending on disease entities and probed tissues. To accelerate the adoption of RNA-seq among human genetic centers, detailed analysis protocols are now needed. Here, we present a step-by-step protocol that instructs how to robustly detect aberrant expression, aberrant splicing, and mono-allelic expression of a rare allele in RNA-seq data using dedicated statistical methods. We describe how to generate and assess quality control plots and interpret the analysis results. The protocol is based on DROP (Detection of RNA Outliers Pipeline), a modular computational workflow that integrates all analysis steps, can leverage parallel computing infrastructures, and generates browsable web page reports.
The functional morphology and role of cardiac telocytes in myocardium regeneration

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Key morphological discoveries in recent years have included the discovery of new cell populations inside the heart called cardiac telocytes. These newly described cells of the connective tissue have extremely long cytoplasmic processes through which they form functionally connected three-dimensional networks that connect cells of the immune system, nerve fibers, cardiac stem cells, and cardiac muscle cells. Based on their functions, telocytes are also referred to as “connecting cells” or “nurse cells” for cardiac progenitor stem cells. In this critical review, we provide a summary of the latest research on cardiac telocytes localized in all layers of the heart — from the historical background of their discovery, through ultrastructural, immunohistochemical, and functional characterizations, to the application of this knowledge to the fields of cardiology, stem cell research, and regenerative medicine.
[Spinocellular carcinoma in a patient with Fanconi's anemia].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The authors describe the case of a 24-year-old female patient with Fanconi's anaemia where they diagnosed spinocellular carcinoma of the oesophagus. At the same time they found skeletal abnormalities, caked kidney with pelvic dystopia and uterus unicornis. In patients with Fanconi's anaemia frequently acute leukaemia, liver tumours and spinocellular carcinoma are described. The knowledge of these facts makes early diagnosis of these associated diseases possible.
The Dean equations extended to a helical pipe flow

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper the Dean (1928) equations are extended to the case of a helical pipe flow, and it is shown that they depend not only on the Dean number K but also on a new parameter λ/[Rscr ] where λ is the ratio of the torsion τ to the curvature κ of the pipe axis and [Rscr ] the Reynolds number referred in the usual way to the pipe radius a and to the equivalent maximum speed in a straight pipe under the same axial pressure gradient. The fact that the torsion has no first-order effect on the flow is confirmed, but it is shown that this is peculiar to a circular cross-section. In the case of an elliptical cross-section there is a first-order effect of the torsion on the secondary flow, and in the limit λ/[Rscr ] → ∞ (twisted pipes, provided only with torsion), the first-order ‘displacement’ effect of the walls on the secondary flow, analysed in detail by Choi (1988), is recovered. Different systems of coordinates and different orders of approximations have recently been adopted in the study of the flow in a helical pipe. Thus comparisons between the equations and the results presented in different reports are in some cases difficult and uneasy. In this paper the extended Dean equations for a helical pipe flow recently derived by Kao (1987) are converted to a simpler form by introducing an appropriate modified stream function, and their equivalence with the present set of equations is recovered. Finally, the first-order equivalence of this set of equations with the equations obtained by Murata et al. (1981) is discussed.
Causal inference for data subject to non-compliance and missing values.

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Non-compliance is very common in randomized experiments involving human participants. The intent-to-treat method and the as-treated method are two common methods for estimating treatment effects in randomized experiments, but both have limitations. The intent-to-treatment method estimates the effect of treatment allocation rather than the treatment itself, and the as-treated method is subject to selection bias. Rubin causal model (RCM) provides a useful alternative way to analyze the data subject to non-compliance. The parameter of interest in the RCM approach is the treatment effect for the sub-population of compliers, called the Complier-Average Causal Effect (CACE). In addition to non-compliance, the existence of missing values in the outcome and the baseline covariates further complicates the data analysis. Under Rubin Causal Model framework, this dissertation develops new models for causal inference from experiments subject to non-compliance and missing values. Two problems are considered: (1) Inference for the CACE for discrete outcomes with non-compliance and missing values only in the outcomes; (2) Inference for the CACE for discrete or continuous outcomes with non-compliance and missing values in the outcomes and the covariates. A non-hierarchical form of loglinear models (Agresti, 1990; McCullagh and Nelder, 1989) is proposed for the first problem, and an extension of the general location model (Olkin and Tate, 1961; Little and Schluchter, 1985) is proposed for the second problem. Models are developed for both ignorable and latent ignorable missing data mechanisms as described in Frangakis and Rubin (1999). Inferences under these models are developed based on EM algorithms and Bayesian Markov-chain Monte Carlo methods. In addition, simulation studies are carried out comparing the likelihood-based approaches in this dissertation with existing methods, specifically the instrumental variable methods in social science literature. Sensitivity of the inference to model assumptions and the influence of missing data mechanisms are also investigated by simulations. Based on the simulation studies, likelihood-based methods appear to be more efficient than IV methods, and inferences for the CACE appear to be quite robust to lack of normality of the distribution of continuous outcomes for both likelihood-based and IV approaches. Results of the IV methods and the likelihood-based methods for binary outcomes are more sensitive to misspecification of the probit model. The proposed methods are applied to data from a Job Search prevention intervention for unemployed workers which motivated this research, and the intervention helps to increase the re-employment rate among compliers.