jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Reliability-Based Geometric Design Approach for Selecting Basic Number of Freeway Lanes

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Reliability-based geometric design analysis is more suitable for explicitly addressing the level of variability and randomness associated with design inputs than is a more deterministic design approach. Reliability analysis was used to estimate the probability distribution of operational performance that might result from basic decisions made to achieve a design level of service (LOS) for number of lanes on a freeway. The concept was demonstrated with data from I-15 and I-80 in Utah. To account for uncertainty in the design inputs, statistical distributions were developed, and reliability analysis was carried out with Monte Carlo simulation. The outcome of this probabilistic analysis was a distribution of vehicle density for a given number of lanes during the design hour. The main benefit of reliability analysis is that it enables designers to explicitly consider uncertainties in their decision making and to illustrate specific values of the distributions that correspond with the target LOS (e.g., the 65th through 85th percentile density levels correspond to those in the design LOS). The results demonstrate how uncertainty in estimates of the percentage of daily traffic in the design hour, the directional distribution, the percentage of heavy vehicles, and the free-flow speed significantly contribute to variation in vehicle density on a freeway.
Improvement In Functional Exercise Capacity Differs By Attendance Duration But Not Intake Diagnosis In A Hospital-based Phase Ii Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation Program.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

PURPOSE: Investigate differences and interactions between intake diagnosis and time-to-completion on functional exercise capacity (FEC) improvement in a hospital-based outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program in New Mexico. METHODS: During a 12-month span, 10 women and 39 men eligible for participation in a CR program completed all authorized 36-sessions in the Phase II CR program. Eligible diagnoses were: heart failure (HF), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and cardiothoracic surgery (CT). A modified Atterbom protocol (2-min stages of increasing treadmill speed and incline) was used to assess differences between FEC at intake and immediately following completion of the 36-session program. Handrail support was allowed during the exercise tests as needed. FEC was determined by the attainment of an RPE of 15 (Borg 6-20 scale) and reported in METs. As part of a chart review, all data were deidentified prior to collection and analyses. Patients were separated into groups based on time-to-completion (≤4mo and >4mo) and diagnosis. Separate, group-specific independent t-tests were initially applied to examine changes in FEC by diagnosis and time-to-completion. All groups significantly improved FEC (p<.05). Consequently, ΔFEC ((post- pre/pre)*100) was calculated and analyzed. A 2 (time) by 3 (diagnosis) analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to assess group differences and interactions for ΔFEC. RESULTS: Forty-nine patients (61.6 ± 11.0 yr, 171.5 ± 8.9 cm, 79.7 ± 16.0 kg) completed the 36-session CR program during the 12-mo period. Group means ± SD for improvement in METs at ≤4mo (n=33) and >4mo (n=16) were 3.30 ± 1.92 METs, and 1.97 ± 1.27 METs, respectively. Group means ± SD for ΔFEC among HF (n=12), ACS (n=25), and CT (n=12) were 108.0 ± 95.5%, 60.4 ± 41.8%, and 54.1 ± 40.2%, respectively. Group means ± SD for ΔFEC at ≤4mo (n=33) and >4mo (n=16) were 82.2 ± 68.7%, and 46.5 ± 34.8%, respectively. Results indicate a significant (F (1,43)= 6.344, p = .016, partial η2 = .129) effect between ΔFEC and the time to complete the 36 sessions. CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight the effectiveness of a completed hospital-based outpatient CR program to elicit positive health outcomes across intake diagnoses. Completing the 36 sessions in 4mo or less produced the greatest improvement in FEC regardless of intake diagnosis.
Islamic Inventiveness

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

1001 Inventions . Discover the Muslim Heritage in Our World. Salim Al-Hassani, originator . Museum of Science and Industry, Manchester, through 3 September 2006. www.1001inventions.com 1001 Inventions . Muslim Heritage in Our World. Salim Al-Hassani, Ed. . Foundation for Science, Technology and Civilisation, Manchester, UK, 2006. 372 pp. £25. ISBN 0-9552426-0-6. This exhibition showcases contributions to science and technology from the Islamic world during its first millennium.
A new committee to address the threats of power grids to birds in Iran

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Power lines pose many serious risks for wildlife especially bird species. In 2017, we established a conservation committee entitled 'Iran's Birds and Power Lines Committee' to lead efforts for mitigating the negative impacts of power lines on birds, particularly eagles, falcons, vultures, owls, storks, and corvids; as well as increasing the reliability of Iran's national power grid. The committee has adopted objectives and approaches encompassing conservation, science and education.
Data Processing Tools for Graph Data Modelling Big Data Analytics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Any Big Data scenario eventually reaches scalability concerns for several factors, often storage or computing power related. Modern solutions have been proven to be effective in multiple domains and have automated many aspects of the Big Data pipeline. In this paper, we aim to present a solution for deploying event-based automated data processing tools for low code environments that aim to minimize the need for user input and can effectively handle common data processing jobs, as an alternative to distributed solutions which require language specific libraries and code. Our architecture uses a combination of a network exposed service with a cluster of "Data Workers" that handle data processing jobs effectively without requiring manual input from the user. This system proves to be effective at handling most data processing scenarios and allows for easy expandability by following simple patterns when declaring any additional jobs.
A N D LIPOTEICHOIC ACID FOR PROTECTION AGAINST DENTAL CARIES

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY. An attempt was made to protect rhesus monkeys from dental caries by immunisation with Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus and lipoteichoic acid (LTA). The vaccine composed of S. mutans gave significant protection against caries, a decrease in the number of S. mutans, an increase in IgG antibodies and a moderate increase in complement-fixing antibodies to LTA. When LTA was used as immunogen, there was only a small reduction in caries, without any detectable antibodies to LTA and a slight increase in IgG antibodies to cells of S. mutans. Vaccines of L. acidophilus or L. ferrnentum gave no protection. A combined vaccine of S. mutans and L. acidophilus did not reduce the incidence of caries but the antibody titre to cells of S. mutans was raised to a level comparable with that in the S. mutans-immunised monkeys. The results of this investigation in a subhuman primate confirm that immunisation with S. mutans induces protection against caries, unlike the attempt to immunise with two selected strains of lactobacilli. More studies are required to establish the role of specific serotypes of lactobacilli in the development of dental caries.
On global solutions of heat equations with time-dependent nonlinearities on unimodular Lie groups

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this work, we study the global well-posedeness of the heat equation with variable time-dependent nonlinearity of the form $φ(t)f(u)$ on unimodular Lie groups when the differential operator arises as the sum of squares of Hörmander vector fields. For general unimodular Lie groups, we derive the necessary conditions for the nonexistence of global positive solutions. This gives different conditions in the cases of compact, polynomial, and exponential volume growth groups. In the case of the Heisenberg groups $\mathbb{H}^{n}$, we also derive sufficient conditions, which coincide with the necessary ones in the case of $\mathbb{H}^{1}$ (and this is also true for $\mathbb{R}^{n}$). In particular, in the case of the Heisenberg group $\mathbb{H}^{1}$ we obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions under which the aforesaid initial value problem with variable nonlinearity has a global positive solution.
Osteopathic management of non-specific neck pain: Preliminary findings from a cross sectional study of Australian osteopaths

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ObjectiveNeck pain is a highly prevalent condition that leads to considerable pain and disability. There is an economic cost to neck pain at both a personal and broader health system level. Neck pain may be classified as ‘non-specific’ neck pain (NSNP) when there is an absence of identifiable underlying disease or abnormal anatomical structure. Osteopaths play a role in the management of NSNP, but it is unclear how osteopaths specifically manage this condition. This study explores what osteopaths do for patients with NSNP.MethodsCross sectional design. Via an online survey.ResultsAll participants in this study reported applying soft tissue techniques, using exercise prescription, discussing physical activity levels, physical fitness, stress management, pain education and posture and ergonomics for patients with NSNP. Less than half of the osteopaths in this study reported using PROMs in clinical practice for the management of non-specific neck pain and only a small number completed continuing professional development (CPD) related to the clinical management of NSNP.ConclusionThis study demonstrates Australian osteopaths use a range of manual therapy techniques and education strategies in clinical practice for the management of NSNP in line with clinical practice guidelines.Implications for clinical practice• All osteopaths in this study reported applying soft tissue techniques, using exercise prescription, discussing physical activity levels, physical fitness, stress management, pain education and posture and ergonomics for patients with NSNP.• Less than half of the osteopaths in this study reported using PROMs in clinical practice for the management of non-specific neck pain.• Only a small number of Australian osteopaths completed continuing professional development (CPD) related to the clinical management of NSNP.
Atlantic Salmon Fishery in the Baltic Sea – A Case of Trivial Cooperation

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper analyses the management of the Atlantic salmon stocks in the Baltic Sea through a coalition game in the partition function form. The signs of economic and biological over-exploitation of these salmon stocks over the last two decades indicate that cooperation among the harvesting countries, under the European Union's Common Fisheries Policy, has been superficial. Combining a two-stage game of four asymmetric players with a comprehensive bioeconomic model, we conclude that cooperation under the Relative Stability Principle is not a stable outcome. In contrast, the equilibrium of the game is non-cooperation. The paper also addresses the possibility of enhancing cooperation through more flexible fishing strategies. The results indicate that partial cooperation is stable under a specific sharing scheme. It is also shown that substantial economic benefits could have been realised by reallocating the fishing effort.
Modified quantum theory of electronic dielectric constant of III–V semiconductors

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The relationship between the electronic dielectric constant ε and the interionic separation R for III–V semiconductors has been suitably modified by taking into account the d-core effect. This relation gives excellent agreement between the calculated and observed values of the strain derivatives of ε for GaP and GaAs. The variation of d-core effect with R has also been pointed out.
Atomistic and molecular level portrayal of DNA – 1,8-napthalimide interaction

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The present work reports the physicochemical interaction between DNA and 1,8-napthalimide drugs to enlighten the field of drug discovery. Molecular dynamic studies of 1,8-napthalimide interacted DNA revealed distortions and destabilisation of the DNA. Among the drugs (Amonafide Azonafide and NNM-25), NNM-25 is found to have a strong interaction with DNA in gas and water phases by using the ONIOM method by investigating deformation and interaction energies. The reason for the higher interaction energy is attributed to the higher deformation of DNA during the interaction with NNM-25. Furthermore, the complex is investigated by the quantum chemical method to find the detailed observation of the direct Interaction of the 1,8-napthalimides with the DNA base pairs. NBO analysis is done to understand the charge transfer mechanism of 1,8-napthalimides’ interacted DNA and also it is observed that highly stabilised complexes are found to have the highest interaction energies. The density functional theory is used to calculate the chemical reactivity and site selectivity of the molecular system to explore the results that may call for further experimental studies.
Running head: Akt Isoforms in reprogramming Title: Differential Effects of Akt Isoforms on Somatic Cell Reprogramming

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Author contribution summary: Y.T.: conception and design, collection and/or assembly of data, data analysis and interpretation, and manuscript writing. Z.J., Y.L., X.Z., L.W.: collection and analysis of data. C.N.: collection and analysis of data, manuscript writing. X.C.T.: conception and design, data interpretation, financial and administrative support, and manuscript writing Corresponding author:
Limited, Syntactic Reactivation in Noun Phrase Ellipsis

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A long-standing question concerning ellipsis considers the nature of the representations that mediate interpretation at ellipsis sites. The present study asks what kind of material contained in the representation is used in real-time ellipsis processing.A probe is needed to investigate the nature of the reactivated representation. Number features are used, as these can feed agreement attraction (AA), a process sensitive to morpho-syntactic information. In AA, an intervening, plural NPâthe attractorâagrees with the verb as opposed to the singular, head noun containing it. \t[The key(Head Noun) to [the cabinets(Attractor)]PL]SG werePL on the table. When Noun Phrase Ellipsis (NPE) elides an AA-triggering NP, would an attractor in the antecedent generate attraction when reactivated at the ellipsis site? Depending on how exhaustive reactivation is, different sets of number features may be reactivated. If the antecedent were reactivated fullyâincluding the attractorâattraction is predicted; but if reactivation is only partialâjust the head nounâno attraction is predicted. Based on the results of four reading-time experiments examining NPE, the data support that reactivation at ellipsis sites is syntactic and partial.
Vortex Formation of Plunging Flat Plates

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Vortex formation during pure plunge was studied using constant plunge velocity and quartersine plunge velocity profiles and three fixed pitch angles. A plunging infinite carbon composite flat plate with square edges was used to simulate a simplified mode of flapping wing flight in quiescent water. No imposed freestream was used. The Reynolds numbers for all cases was 3000 based on an average plate velocity assumption for the freestream. Concepts developed in the study of vortex rings to characterize the vortex formation around flat plates in pure plunge were employed. In the study of vortex rings the formation parameter has been found to be a relevant scaling parameter for the growth and optimal circulation in vortices. In the present study, measurements of the wake behind a flat plate were made using Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV) and a quantitative analysis was performed on unsteady vortex formation through the analysis of normalized circulation. The results showed that the formation parameter was unable to predict optimal circulation for all cases but the formation parameter was a relevant scaling parameter during the growth of vortices at low formation times (approximately T = 1-3). The plate plunge velocity profiles selected examined the dependence of normalized vortex circulation on plate velocity profile. The quarter-sine velocity profile produced larger maximum values for normalized circulation. The fixed pitch angle variation selected examined the sensitivity of normalized vortex circulation to deviations from symmetric vortex generation. When an angle of attack is used other than one that is normal to the induced freestream an upstream and downstream vortex were created where the upstream had preferential growth. The two paramount observations of the DPIV results are twofold. First, the maximum circulation and separation of vortices was independent of formation time and dependent on parametric variations. Second, a region of linear normalized circulation exists for the upstream vortices from approximately T = 1-3 independent of parametric variation An ancillary observation of the DPIV was based on the approximate forces extracted from the velocity field for two of the constant velocity profile experiments. The forces compare well with the direct force measurement results from literature and the steady state drag coefficient for a normal flat plate. Nomenclature
Satellitosis, a Crosstalk Between Neurons, Vascular Structures and Neoplastic Cells in Brain Tumours; Early Manifestation of Invasive Behaviour

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The secondary structures of Scherer commonly known as perineuronal and perivascular satellitosis have been identified as a histopathological hallmark of diffuse, invasive, high-grade gliomas. They are recognized as perineuronal satellitosis when clusters of neoplastic glial cells surround neurons cell bodies and perivascular satellitosis when such tumour cells surround blood vessels infiltrating Virchow-Robin spaces. In this review, we provide an overview of emerging knowledge regarding how interactions between neurons and glioma cells can modulate tumour evolution and how neurons play a key role in glioma growth and progression, as well as the role of perivascular satellitosis into mechanisms of glioma cells spread. At the same time, we review the current knowledge about the role of perineuronal satellitosis and perivascular satellitosis within the tumour microenvironment (TME), in order to highlight critical knowledge gaps in research space.
Analysis of bacterial spectrum isolated from the blood culture of 582 pediatric septicemias and its drug resistance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To explore the changes of bacterial spectrum and its resistance in pediatric sepsis so as to provide basis for correct use of antibiotics.Methods:The bacteria strains detected in the blood culture of children suffering from sepsis from 2005 to 2010 and the drug sensitivity were studied retrospectively.The patients admitted from 2005 to 2007 were included in Group A and patients admitted from 2008 to 2010 were in group B.The changes of bacterial spectrum and the drug resistance were compared between the two groups.Results:Five hundred and eighty-two strains were isolated,among which the Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 358(61.5%),the Gram-negative bacteria 188(32.3%),the Candida 8(1.4%) and others 28(4.8%).The major strains included coagulase-negative Staphylococci(51.2%),Escherichia coli(20.4%),Staphylococcus aureus(6.4%),Klebsiella pneumoniae(3.4%) and Enterobacter(3.4%).The drug resistance of group B to common antibiotics was higher than that of group A;meanwhile,the positive strains of extended-spectrum β-lactamases had a tendency to increase.Conclusions:The gram-positive bacterium is the main pathogen in pediatric septicemia and has a tendency to increase.With the application of broad-spectrum antibiotics,the drug resistance increases significantly.
P2‐601: SLEEP DURATION, NIGHTTIME DIPPING PATTERNS AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN ADULT CHILDREN WITH A PARENTAL HISTORY OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abnormal sleep duration, as defined as ≤7or ≥9 hours nightly is associated with cognitive dysfunction. During sleep, blood pressure should dip between 10% to 20%; dipping patterns outside of this norm has been associated with poor cognition. Here, we examine the potential association between sleep duration, nighttime dipping patterns, and cognitive test performance in adult children with a parental history of Alzheimer's disease (AD), cross-sectionally. Participants completed 1 hour of cognitive testing, consisting of domains of global cognition, executive function, and verbal and visuospatial ability. Sleep patterns were collected through a validated Sleep Questionnaire. Participants wore a 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure monitor. Z-scores were computed for each test. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to assess the relationship between sleep duration and cognition controlling for age, gender, race, education, and ApoE4 status. The interaction of sleep duration and nighttime dipping pattern was included to examine whether nighttime dipping pattern modified the effect of sleep duration on cognitive performance. Participants (n=80) were middle-age (59.1 ±6.8 years), 66.3% female, and 37.5% African-American.47.5% were ApoE ɛ4 positive. Average sleep duration was 6.8 (±1.1) hours and 21.3% had a normal nighttime dipping pattern. Abnormal sleep duration (≤7 or ≥9 hours nightly) and abnormal nighttime dipping (≤10 or ≥20%) pattern were significantly related to verbal memory, and the relationship between sleep duration and verbal memory was modified by nighttime dipping patterns (p=0.0010 for the interaction). Stratified analyses based on the dipping patterns showed that for abnormal dippers, but not for normal dippers, verbal memory was impaired in those with abnormal sleep duration (p=0.0272). Sleep duration and nighttime dipping patterns were related to verbal memory; such that poor sleep is related to impaired verbal memory in individuals with abnormal nighttime dipping patterns (less than 10% or greater than 20%). Nighttime dipping patterns play an important role in the relationship between sleep problems and verbal memory. Healthcare providers should consider assessing sleep patterns and completing ambulatory screenings to ascertain nighttime sleep and dipping patterns, for adults with risk factors for AD, to mitigate potential risk factors for cognitive dysfunction.