jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ameliyat olan çocuk ergenlerde psikolojik hazırlığın operasyon öncesi ve sonrası anksiyete ile başaçıkma üzerindeki etkisi

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The main purpose of the present study to examine the relationship between psychological preparation, attitudes toward hospital and health professionals, social support, ways of coping and sociodemographic variables with preoperative anxiety, post-intervention anxiety and post-operation anxiety in children anticipating an operation in child surgery clinic. In addition, the relationship between the anxiety level of child and anxiety level of mother was examined. The sample consisted of sixty children and their mothers. Data was collected utilizing the state form of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for iv Children (STAI-C), Attitudes Toward Hospital and Health Professionals Scale, Social Support Scale, KIDCOPE, and the state form of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) for mothers. Results of variance analysis showed that there was a significant decrease in anxiety scores from pre-operation, post-intervention to post-operation periods in treatment groups (information/ information together with mother/ interview). However, no significant difference was found among the control group. Children who received information alone and children who were informed together with mothers and children who were merely interviewed were found to demonstrate lower levels of anxiety than children in control group in post-intervention period. Children in the pre-operation period, were found to have less positive attitude than post-operation period in information group. Children who received information alone or children informing together with mothers, reported using أpositive copingؤ and أblame & angerؤ more than children in the mere interview and the control group. Also children in control group had significantly higher scores on أavoidanceؤ subscale than other three treatment groups. The results were discussed within the context of relevant literature.
Cascade Blade Flutter and Wake Excitation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A new method of presenting the aerodynamic data for a compressor or turbine blade cascade is shown, with particular reference to flutter excitation or damping. The application of these results to wake excitation is demonstrated. The basic equations for flutter excitation or damping are derived in the paper “The Aerodynamics of Compressor Blade Vibration” presented by H. Pearson at the 1953 Anglo-American Conference (London). No new equations are derived but the method of plotting the relevant data leads to a simpler appreciation of the criteria.
THE INFLUENCE OF LOCAL AND FOREIGN ENDORSERS’ CREDIBILITY AND ATTRACTIVENESS IN COSMETICS ADVERTISEMENTS ON CONSUMER PERCEPTIONS AND PURCHASE DECISIONS

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Endorser used on product advertising is ordinary thing on marketing. Developments in the flow of informationand technology have caused consumers to be increasingly selective in their choice of products. This fact hasstimulated companies to be more sensitive to consumer demand. Advertising is one of the promotional activitiesused as a medium for conveying a message to shape consumers’ attitudes. This research was conducted to measurethe influence of local and foreign endorsers’ credibility and attractiveness on consumer perceptions and purchase decisions, and to look into the difference between the use of local endorsers and the use of foreign endorsers in their influence on consumer perceptions and purchase decisions. This was an experimental research carried out in two phases, i.e. exploratory analysis and confirmatory analysis using a cross-sectional approach. The researchinstruments employed were samples of advertisements and questionnaires. The research subjects comprised130 respondents each for local and foreign endorsers. The data were analyzed using simple regression and anindependent t-test with SPSS 11.5 for windows. The research results showed that the ability of local endorsers’credibility and attractiveness to predict the consumer perceptions variable was 16.4%, their ability to predict consumerpurchase decisions was 11.3%. The ability of foreign endorsers’ credibility and attractiveness to predict the consumerperceptions variable was 30.1%, and their ability predict consumer purchase decisions was 37.4%. After a comparison was made using an independent sample t-test, it was found that consumer perceptions of advertisements with localendorsers were lower than consumer perceptions of advertisements with foreign endorsers, and consumer purchasedecisions on products advertised with local endorsers were fewer than consumer purchase decisions on productsadvertised with foreign endorsers. Keywords : advertisements, endorsers’ credibility, endorsers’ attractiveness
Smoothed particle magnetohydrodynamic simulations of protostellar outflows with misaligned magnetic field and rotation axes

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We have developed a modified form of the equations of smoothed particle magnetohydrodynamics which are stable in the presence of very steep density gradients. Using this formalism, we have performed simulations of the collapse of magnetised molecular cloud cores to form protostars and drive outflows. Our stable formalism allows for smaller sink particles (< 5 AU) than used previously and the investigation of the effect of varying the angle, θ, between the initial field axis and the rotation axis. The nature of the outflows depends strongly on this angle: jet-like outflows are not produced at all when θ > 30°, and a collimated outflow is not sustained when θ > 10°. No substantial outflows of any kind are produced when θ > 60°. This may place constraints on the geometry of the magnetic field in molecular clouds where bipolar outflows are seen.
Semiclassical Birkhoff–Gustavson Normal Forms and Spectral Asymptotics for Nearly Resonant Schrödinger Operators

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The concept of near resonances for harmonic approximations of semiclassical Schrödinger operators is introduced and explored. Combined with a natural extension of the Birkhoff–Gustavson normal form, we obtain formulas for approaching the discrete spectrum of such operators which are both accurate and easy to implement. We apply the theory to the physically important case of the near Fermi (i.e. 1 : 2 ) resonance, for which we propose explicit expressions and numerical computations.
The effect of lengthening the school day on children's achievement in Ethiopia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Many schools in developing countries have four-hour school days and teach two groups of children each day. Governments are considering lengthening the school day, at great expense, to improve school quality. Advocates of the shift system argue the reform is unnecessary, as evidence from developed countries suggests increasing instructional time only improves achievement scores by small amounts. This paper is the first study of the effect of a large increase in instructional time in a low-income country. In 2005, the Ethiopian federal government directed school districts to abolish teaching in shifts and to lengthen the school day from four to six hours. Districts implemented the reform at different times, creating exogenous variation in instructional time. I use a difference-in-difference specification controlling for time-invariant unobservables at school level on a unique longitudinal dataset. For 8-year-old children, a longer school day improved writing and mathematics scores, but had no significant effect on reading. However, effects are larger among better-off children: children who are not stunted, children from richer households, and children in urban schools. The exception is that the reform has larger positive effects on girls than boys. The reform thus improves achievement on average, but may exacerbate gaps between wealthier and poorer children.
Prions and platelets: a possible role for cellular prion protein

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cellular prion protein (PrPc) is a GPI–anchored protein, of unknown function, found in a number of cells throughout the body. It is now widely believed that a mis-folded, protease resistant form of this protein is responsible for a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases called transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE), including Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and kuru in humans, scrapie in sheep, chronic wasting disease (CWD) in deer and elk and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle. Although the exact function of PrPc is unknown it has been implicated in copper binding, signal transduction and cell adhesion. The pathogenesis of prion diseases is poorly understood, however it is known that PrPc must be present in order for the disease to progress. Platelets have been shown to be the largest reservoir of PrPc in peripheral blood cells and previous studies in animal models have suggested platelets may also be involved in TSE infectivity. In this study, we determine the exact location of PrPc within human platelets, examine the mobilization and release of PrPc from activated platelets on both microvesicles and exosomes and suggest a possible role for platelets in prion infectivity. In addition we examine the role of PrPc within normal platelet functions including aggregation, signal transduction and adhesion.
THE BASIC TENDENCIES OF DEVELOPMENT НЕОЛИБЕРАЛИЗМА IN THE USA IN SECOND HALF XX OF CENTURY

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In article it is considered the basic tendencies of neoliberalism development in political life of the USA from second half XX of century. Becoming of neoliberalism as alternatives of a political and ideological idea fell on the period of deep economic crisis in the USA, captured the country in the beginning of 30th years XX of a century. Neoliberalism has proved as an ideological basis of economic reforms in second half XX of century. Economic successes in economy of the USA in many respects have been carried out owing to social reforms on the basis of neoliberalism sights.
PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING (CTL) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS VIII C PADA MATERI LUAS DAN KELILING LINGKARAN DI MTS BIROBULI

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

To improve students' learning outcomes on the broad and circle of the circle, the researcher applied the learning using Contextual Teaching And Learning (CTL) approach. Researchers conduct classroom action research using a qualitative approach. The design of this study refers to the Kemmis and MC models. Taggrt which consists of four components, namely (1) Planning (Planning), (2) Implementation of action (Action), (3) Observation, and (4) reflection. Based on the research result, it was found that the students of grade VIII C MTS Birobuli in cycle I, from 27 students who completed the final test of action there were 13 complete students, so that the percentage of learning completeness equal to 48%, and in cycle II, from 27 students who took the final test action there are 22 complete students with percentage mastery 81%. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the forwarding of learning model Contextual Teaching And Learning (CTL) can improve the learning outcomes of students of class VIII C MTS Birobuli on the circumference material and the area of the circle.
Improving Students’ Writing Skill Through Mind Mapping Technique (A Classroom Action Research in Eleventh Grade of SMA Negeri 6 Surakarta in the Academic Year of 2014/2015)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ABSTRAKTiara Shelavie. K2211087. MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENULISSISWA MELALUI TEKNIK MIND MAPPING (PENELIITIANTINDAKAN KELAS DI KELAS SEBELAS SMA NEGERI 6 SURAKARTATAHUN AJARAN 2014/2015). Skripsi. Surakarta: Pendidikan Bahasa InggrisUniversitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta. Oktober. 2015.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana mind mapping dapatdiimplementasikan secara efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan menulissiswa, dan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana mind mapping dapat meningkatkankemampuan menulis siswa.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Penelitian TindakanKelas. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus di kelas sebelas SMANegeri 6 Surakarta pada semester genap 2014/2015. Data penelitian dikumpulkanmelalui kuesioner, observasi, dan tes. Data kualitatif dianalisis menggunakanteknik deskriptif. Untuk data kuantitatif, peneliti menganalisis nilai rata-rata danmembandingkan antara pre-test dan post-test.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknik mind mapping dapatdiimplementasikan dengan efektif jika: (1) guru memberikan penjelasan dancontoh yang jelas tentang mind mapping, (2) guru memandu dan memonitor siswaselama proses menulis, (3) guru memberikan latihan yang cukup tentanggrammar, dan (4) siswa tetap termotivasi untuk menulis. Selain itu, teknik mindmapping dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menulis siswa yang dapatdideskripsikan dengan data angka. Rata-rata nilai siswa pada pre-test yaitu 72.56,kemudian meningkat pada siklus I menjadi 81.56, dan meningkat lagi pada siklusII yaitu 85.56 yang menunjukkan nilai terbaik siswa pada saat penelitian.Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, peneliti menyarankan agar guru bahasa Inggrismengimplementasikan mind mapping pada aktivitas menulis agar membantumeningkatkan kemampuan menulis siswa.
DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF ATTACK IN PIGEONS DURING VARIABLE‐INTERVAL REINFORCEMENT OF KEY PECKING1

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Key‐peck responses of two pigeons were maintained on variable‐interval schedules of food reinforcement in the presence of a stuffed pigeon to study the characteristics of attack induced by that schedule. The mean interval of the schedule was increased from 15 sec to 600 sec in eight steps before an intermediate interval was reintroduced. The principal characteristics of attack were: (1) substantial attack first occurred on a variable‐interval schedule of 90 sec in one pigeon and at 180 sec in the other, (2) the highest attack rates occurred on variable‐interval schedules of 300 sec and 600 sec, (3) attack rate generally increased to a maximum and then decreased to a lower level across sessions at each schedule, (4) attacks developed a postreinforcement locus across the initial sessions on all schedules and, except on variable‐interval schedules of 300 and 600 sec, occurred primarily in the postreinforcement period during extended training, (5) attack rates and key‐peck rates were not recovered when the intermediate‐length schedules were reintroduced, and (6) attack rate and key‐peck rates were negatively correlated. Except for the fact that the maximum attack rates occurred at interfood intervals of 300 and 600 sec, and that attack and key‐peck rates were negatively correlated, these findings have counterparts in experiments with other reinforcement schedules.
Prenatal development as a predisposing factor for perinatal losses in pigs.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The pig industry is confronted with substantial losses due to piglet mortality. With 3-8% stillbirths and generally > 10% preweaning mortality, approximately one fifth of all fetuses formed fully at the end of gestation die before weaning. Most of these losses occur in the perinatal period. Overall prenatal development (birth weight) and specific prenatal developmental and maturational processes in late gestation are predisposing factors for perinatal losses. Birth weight and variation in birth weight remain important risk factors for perinatal mortality. Genetic selection against piglet mortality will not necessarily increase birth weight but will affect body composition and proportional organ development. Many maturational processes that occur in late gestation in preparation for extrauterine life, for example specific biochemical changes in the gastrointestinal tract, are influenced by glucocorticosteroids and are, therefore, dependent on maturation of the pituitary-adrenal system. The carbohydrate metabolism of perinatal piglets is related closely to viability in the perinatal period. The prenatal deposition of carbohydrate reserves (glycogen) and prenatal effects on perinatal glucogenic capacity, glucose homeostasis, carbohydrate metabolism and thermostability are reviewed.
Adhesion and the Surface Energy Components of Natural Minerals and Aggregates

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A range of geochemical reactions are controlled by the interfacial characteristics \nof rocks and minerals. Many engineered and natural systems are affected by \ngeochemical reactions that occur at interfaces. Asphalt-aggregate adhesion in road \nconstruction is influenced by the interfacial characteristics of the aggregate. Likewise, \nthe remediation of nonaqueous-phase liquid contaminants, such as trichloroethylene or \nmethyl tert-butyl ether, is controlled by the interactions between mineral surfaces and \nthe organic liquid. Many natural systems are also influenced by reactions at interfaces. \nThe migration of petroleum in sedimentary basins is influenced by the wettability of the \nsurfaces of the basin pore space. Adhesion of organisms, such as bacteria or lichens, to \nrock surfaces is controlled by the interactions of proteins and mineral surfaces. \nRock and mineral surfaces are described by surface energy. Surface energy is a \nthermodynamic construct defined as the amount of work required to form more of a \nsurface. Surface energy can be divided into van der Waals, Lewis acid, and Lewis base \ncomponents. The ability to predict the magnitude of surface energy components is \nvaluable in understanding species behavior. Surface energy is controlled by three master \nvariables: surface chemistry, surface morphology, and surface coatings. While the \nsurface energy of a number of minerals and aggregates has been characterized, there has \nnot yet been a comprehensive study of the surface energies of a variety of the most \ncommon minerals and aggregates using consistent methodology. In addition there has not yet been a study of the effect of these three master variables on surface energies of \nnatural minerals and rocks. \nThis study measured the surface energy of 22 common minerals and 7 \naggregates. The samples’ bulk and surface chemistries were characterized with \nwavelength and energy dispersive spectra analyses on an electron microprobe and x-ray \nphotoelectron spectroscopy. The XPS was also used to quantify the organic and \ninorganic coatings on the surfaces. Results showed that van der Waals surface energy is \ntypically between 40 and 60 ergs/cm2. Polar surface energy varies by 1 to 3 orders of \nmagnitude, and thus is likely the most important component in accounting for changes \nbetween natural minerals.
Private Health Insurance in the Post-Pandemic Era: Spatial Econometric Market Development Analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The post-COVID era has posed unprecedented challenges to healthcare systems worldwide, urging a reevaluation of healthcare financing mechanisms. This study investigates the evolving landscape of private health insurance markets in the aftermath of the pandemic while considering the influence of international sanctions. Employing a spatial lag model (SLM), data from Albania, Russia, and Malaysia were analyzed to uncover the intricate interplay of factors shaping private health insurance coverage rates. The findings reveal nuanced patterns and disparities across these countries. The significance of variables varies: while private insurance share and government health expenditure consistently exhibit positive and substantial impacts on coverage rates, the unemployment rate presents differential effects. COVID-19 deaths influence coverage in Russia, emphasizing the pandemic's specific impact. Moreover, hospital beds’ significance in Malaysia underscores healthcare infrastructure's varying importance. Importantly, the spatial lag effect is consistently significant, emphasizing regional interdependence. Collectively, our study highlights the multifaceted determinants of private health insurance coverage, revealing insights crucial for policymakers navigating post-pandemic healthcare financing challenges among international sanctions. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-06-013 Full Text: PDF
PO-500 A novel role for junctional adhesion molecule-a (JAM-A) in HER2-positive gastro-oesophageal cancers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Junctional Adhesion Molecule-A (JAM-A) is a cell-cell adhesion protein that regulates physiological adhesion in epithelial and endothelial cells. Our previous work has shown that increased JAM-A expression on breast tumour epithelial tissue associates with poor prognosis in patients with invasive breast cancer, and identified a correlation between high JAM-A expression and levels of the important oncogene human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2). An important role for HER2 in gastro-oesophageal cancer is emerging, however the specific role of JAM-A in this setting is unclear. Material and methods In a pilot study, gastric cancer patient tissue sections (n=11) were stained for JAM-A expression. A novel, weighted ranking system was developed to semi-quantitatively score the extremely heterogeneous JAM-A membranous staining in gastric tissues; ultimately ranking tissues as low, moderate or high JAM-A expression. JAM-A scores were also correlated with HER2 status in each section. In parallel, a panel of gastro-oesophageal cell lines was used to investigate potential molecular relationships between JAM-A and HER2. Finally, HER2 protein expression was examined following transient JAM-A gene silencing in the gastro-oesophageal junction cancer cell line ESO26. Results and discussions The pilot study revealed that high JAM-A expression significantly correlated with HER2 positivity, and noted a novel staining pattern for JAM-A in diffuse gastric cancers. Molecular studies showed that JAM-A gene silencing reduced HER2 protein expression in gastric cancer cells. These data suggests that JAM-A may act as a novel upstream regulator of HER2 in gastro-oesophageal cancer cells, and warrant further investigation. Current studies are focussed on elucidating the mechanisms underpinning regulation of HER2 expression by JAM-A. Conclusion Promising preliminary indications that JAM-A plays a role in regulating HER2 expression in non-breast cancers may suggest it as both an unfavourable biomarker, as well as a novel putative pharmacological target for HER2-positive gastro-oesophageal cancers. This abstract has emanated from research conducted with the financial support of Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) under grant number 13/IA/1994 (to AMH).
Rbf1-independent termination of E2f1-target gene expression during earlyDrosophilaembryogenesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The initiation and maintenance of G1 cell cycle arrest is a key feature of animal development. In the Drosophila ectoderm, G1 arrest first appears during the seventeenth embryonic cell cycle. The initiation of G117 arrest requires the developmentally-induced expression of Dacapo, a p27-like Cyclin E-Cdk2 inhibitor. The maintenance of G117arrest requires Rbf1-dependent repression of E2f1-regulated replication factor genes, which are expressed continuously during cycles 1-16 when S phase immediately follows mitosis. The mechanisms that trigger Rbf1 repressor function and mediate G117 maintenance are unknown. Here we show that the initial downregulation of expression of the E2f1-target gene RnrS, which occurs during cycles 15 and 16 prior to entry into G117, does not require Rbf1 or p27Dap. This suggests a mechanism for Rbf1-independent control of E2f1 during early development. We show that E2f1 protein is destroyed in a cell cycle-dependent manner during S phase of cycles 15 and 16. E2f1 is destroyed during early S phase, and requires ongoing DNA replication. E2f1 protein reaccumulates in epidermal cells arrested in G117, and in these cells the induction of p27Dap activates Rbf1 to repress E2f1-target genes to maintain a stable G1 arrest.