jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Do girls and boys engage with global and intercultural issues differently?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In recent years, more attention has been paid to the way gender interacts with intercultural and global learning opportunities. While evidence shows that schools are shaping a gendered citizenry, the notions of citizenship in this research has been notably local with limited focus on global conceptions of citizenship. PISA 2018 asked students a series of questions about their global and intercultural attitudes and dispositions. Those questions focused on the four dimensions of global competence: students’ ability to examine local and global issues, their capacity to understand and appreciate the perspectives of others, their ability to engage in effective communication across cultures, and their willingness to take action for collective well-being and sustainable development. Findings show some important gender differences discussed in this paper.
Comparative study of InGaAs quantum dot lasers with different degrees of dot layer confinement

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report a comparative study of the gain and lasing characteristics of two different InGaAs quantum dot (QD) laser designs, with multiple QD layers separated by barriers of (A) GaAs or (B) GaAs/AlGaAs. A higher degree of carrier confinement in structure B results in superior lasing characteristics at elevated temperatures. However, at temperatures below 130 K these devices demonstrate inhomogeneously broadened gain spectra, resulting in lasing over a much wider energy range than for structure A. The results are consistent with inefficient, low temperature interdot carrier transport in devices based on structure B.
Promoting Sustainable Food Provision; the Role of Networks in Global Food Governance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Food provision in contemporary societies is transforming due to challenges of globalization, sustainability and equity. The interactions between civil society organizations, governments, the food industry, consumers and producers constitute dynamic fields of environmental change in global food provision. Promoting equitable and sustainable food provision in a globalizing world requires well-informed insights in these social dynamics involved because global food governance involves a complex array of different public and private actors. Today we are faced with a fragmented, differentiated, hybrid and contested constellation of global food governance arrangements and therefore we need a network rather than a formalized perspective on food governance. Such a network perspective can serve as the start of a new research agenda for the study of global sustainable food governance.
ROUTE NAVIGATION BY PROVIDING ROAD PRICE INFORMATION

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

本研究ではその時々の交通状況に依存して変動する混雑料金を用いた経路誘導問題について考察する. 混雑料金が価格情報として事前にドライバーに通知されれば, それは交通情報としての機能を有する. 本研究では, 事前に告知される変動料金によりネットワーク均衡の効率性を改善できることを示すとともに, ゼロ収支制約を考慮した混雑料金によりドライバーの厚生状態を常に改善できることを示す.
Utilização do recordatório de 24 horas e Equivalente Proteico de Aparecimento de Nitrogênio (PNA) na estimativa de ingestão proteica de pacientes dialíticos

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is a progressive, irreversible condition that compromises the nutritional status of patients due to multiple morbidities. In the final phase of the disease, which is characterized by dialytic treatment, the monitoring of dietary intake can help minimize complications in terms of nutritional status. Objectives: To investigate protein intake using the 24-hour recall method and protein nitrogen appearance (PNA) method in patients undergoing dialysis. Methods: A case series study was conducted with adult patients on hemodialysis for at least six months at a university hospital in Northeast Brazil. Nutritional status and dietary intake were assessed using the PNA method and 24-hour recall. Results: Average protein intake per gram per kilogram of weight analyzed by the PNA in both sexes was below the nutritional recommendations proposed for patients undergoing regular dialysis (1.2 g/kg/day). In contrast, intake was closer to the recommended value in men and women when the 24-hour recall was considered. No agreement was found between the PNA and 24-hour recall methods in the population studied. Discussion: The present investigation showed that average protein intake per gram per kilogram of weight analyzed using the PNA in both sexes was below the nutritional recommendations proposed for patients on dialysis. The same did not occur when using the 24-hour recall method. Conclusions: In nutritional follow-up without the possibility of measuring protein intake through predictive methods, dietary inquiries should be maintained as complementary to the nutritional assessment. Periodic nutritional follow-up can minimize adverse clinical and dietary outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease, especially in the dialytic phase.
Adaptive Appearance Tracking Model Using Subspace Learning Method

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Visual tracking is still a challenging subject due to the targeted object's change in direction and size, stochastic disturbance under complicated scene. In the work, we proposed a visual tracking framework based on the subspace' updating and learning. We introduced the Hall's subspace updating algorithm and the new measurement on subspace's similarity in computing particles' weights under Condensation algorithm in our tracking processes. Differed from conventional PCA method, our method adaptively updated the subspace which can reflect appearance variation of the moving target over long period of time. Compared with Condensation algorithm using color histogram, the tracker we proposed can effectively track the target under complicated surrounding.
Efficacy of Argel (Solenostemma argel (Del) hayne) Shoots’ Extract in the Control of the Red Flour Beetle (Tribolium castaneum Herbst)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy ofaqueous and organic extracts of the argel (S. argel) shoots against the 4thlarval instar and adult stages of the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)in the Sudan. Argel shoots were extracted sequentially by organic solventsof increasing polarity (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and ethanol) as wellas directly by distilled water or ethanol. Extracts were tested atconcentrations ranging between 1% and 10%. The evaluated efficacyparameters were mortality, repellency and antifeedant effects. The testswere conducted in Petri dishes (9 cm i.d) and plastic cups (capacity 200ml) and the obtained data were subjected to the analysis of variance and tothe probit analysis. The results of the mortality data indicated thatpetroleum ether extracts was the most potent against the 4 th larval instar ofT.castaneum as shown by its low LD50 of 8.2%, while ethyl acetateextract was the most potent against the adult of this pest with an LD50value of 16%. The results showed that various types of argel shootextracts induced significant dose dependent repellency against theT. castaneum. The highest 24 hours repellency was caused by thepetroleum ether extract on the adult stage of T. castaneum as indicated byits low ED50 value of 1.58%.The different argel shoot extracts inducedsignificant antifeedant action against the test insect. The lowest feedingratio (0.02) was recorded in ethyl acetate extract- treated crushed wheatgrains
Design and implementation of a Web-based distributed control system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes a framework of Internet-based distributed control system and the design and implementation of its software in a multiple server/client environment. Main issues addressed in this paper are the infrastructure of the system, the functionalities of components, and real-time scheduling behaviors of the software. Both event and time triggered real-time scheduling has been adopted. Built-in dependability technologies are adopted to ensure customized applications can be integrated into the distributed system easily. The programmable and re-configurable framework of the system provides a flexible mechanism for constructing distributed real-time applications. A language neutral interface is used for communication and data access between distributed nodes. Connectivity and controllability of virtual Web devices and their interoperability are described. Because of the importance of timeliness and dynamics in real-time systems, emphases have been put on time and event scheduling for Web-based distributed systems.
Between Legal Philosophy and Cognitive Science: The Tension Problem

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Much controversy has arisen in recent years about the relation between legal philosophy and cognitive science, with some authors announcing a revolution brought about in law by the advances in the scientific study of cognition. At the same time, pessimistic declarations were made, and the significance of cognitive science for law and legal philosophy was denied. In this paper I argue that representatives of legal philosophy are now facing a “tension problem” which comes as a consequence of the following beliefs: that legal philosophy should be naturalized; that contemporary cognitive science is not a source of knowledge proper, that is, a source of naturalization; and that contemporary cognitive science is the best available source of knowledge about cognitive mechanisms. To illustrate the significance of the problem, a case study is presented that concerns research devoted to abstract concepts and its significance for the issues analyzed by legal philosophers, such as legal concepts and legal cognition. More general remarks about the manner of naturalizing jurisprudence are also presented.
Prevalence study of primary blepharospasm (BSP) in Sardinia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We performed a service-based epidemiological study of primary blepharospasm in the island of Sardinia (Italy). Due to its favorable geographical location, we are confident we will provide reliable data from patients seeking botulinum toxin treatment. A total of 53 patients were assessed. Prevalence was estimated to be 32.2 per 1 million (95% confidence interval, 23.0-40.8). These results are in line with those obtained in other similar surveys, that is, record-based, and performed in various European regions such as Northern England, the Munich area, as well as the Epidemiologic Study of Dystonia in Europe.
THE CARROT AND THE STICK: OPEN BANKING PLATFORM GOVERNANCE IN THE SHADOW OF PSD2

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper employs a qualitative analytical approach to address the question of how incumbents incorporate risk into their platform strategy, and how this in turn influences their approach to platform governance. Through an analysis of legislative and policy documents on the formulation and implementation of PSD2 in Sweden and the EU, 24 semi-structured interviews with experts and organisational representatives in the Swedish banking sector, and literature from the fields of strategic innovation and financial sector governance, we conduct the grounded analytical development of a model linking risk assessment to platform governance among incumbent banks. Our model suggests an iterative three-stage process, involving translation, mobilisation, and incorporation as platform owners at banks try to balance openness and perceived platform risks. We identify a conflation of access openness and resource openness: platform owners decide resource openness ex ante, as part of their overarching strategy around what kind of platform to have, and then once they have the platform in place make decisions about platform access on a case-by-case basis, based on their risk assessments.
Quantum fluctuations of solitons in two-dimensional anisotropic σ models

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study quantum fluctuations about static soliton solutions for the two-dimensional anisotropic \ensuremath{\sigma} models. Particularly, for the XY-like anisotropy, we find that quantum corrections induce an internal degree of freedom and lower the soliton's classical energy. For Ising-like anisotropy, quantum corrections raise the classical energy of the soliton. In both cases, the corrections are proportional to the anisotropy parameter and depend on the size of the soliton.
Recurrent activations of transient receptor potential vanilloid‐1 and vanilloid‐4 promote cellular proliferation and migration in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Some members of the transient receptor potential vanilloid ( TRPV ) subfamily of cation channels are thermosensitive. Earlier studies have revealed the distribution and functions of these thermo‐ TRPV s ( TRPV 1–4) in various organs, but their expression and function in the human esophagus are not fully understood. Here, we probed for the expression of the thermo‐ TRPV s in one nontumor human esophageal squamous cell line and two esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ( ESCC ) cell lines. TRPV 1, TRPV 2, and TRPV 4 proteins were found to be upregulated in ESCC cells, while TRPV 3 was not detectable in any of these cell lines. Subsequently, channel function was evaluated via monitoring of Ca 2+ transients by Ca 2+ imaging and nonselective cation channel currents were recorded by whole‐cell patch clamp. We found that TRPV 4 was activated by heat at 28 °C–35 °C, whereas TRPV 1 and TRPV 2 were activated by higher, noxious temperatures (44 °C and 53 °C, respectively). Furthermore, TRPV 1 was activated by capsaicin ( EC 50 = 20.32 μ m ), and this effect was antagonized by AMG 9810; TRPV 2 was activated by a newly developed cannabinoid compound, O1821, and inhibited by tranilast. In addition, TRPV 4 was activated by hypotonic solutions (220 m Osm), and this effect was abolished by ruthenium red. The effects of TRPV 1 and TRPV 4 on ESCC were also explored. Our data, for the first time, showed that the overactivation of TRPV 1 and TRPV 4 promoted the proliferation and/or migration of ESCC cells. In summary, TRPV 1, TRPV 2, and TRPV 4 were functionally expressed in human esophageal squamous cells, and thermo‐ TRPV s might play an important role in the development of ESCC .
Actions of Insulin and Hydrocortisone on Macromolecular Synthesis in Primary Epithelial Cell Cultures from Mouse Mammary Glands*

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Monolayer cultures of mammary gland epithelial cells were prepared from the abdominal glands of midpregnancy mice. After collagenase digestion of mammary tissue and separation by differential centrifugation, the isolated epithelial cells were cultured in Eagle's Minimal Essential Medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and insulin (6 micrograms/ml). Six days later, when the cultures were in log growth and nearly confluent, the effects of insulin and/or hydrocortisone on the rates of RNA, DNA, and protein synthesis were determined in a serum-free medium. At physiological concentrations, insulin enhanced the rates of uptake and incorporation of [3H]uridine into RNA, of [3H]thymidine into DNA, and of [3H]leucine into protein. Hydrocortisone was shown to be biphasic with regard to concentration in attenuating or augmenting insulin's effects on macromolecular synthesis.
IFN-gamma influences the migration of thoracic duct B and T lymphocyte subsets in vivo. Random increase in disappearance from the blood and differential decrease in reappearance in the lymph.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) continuously patrol through the body, facilitating immune responses at most sites. IFN-gamma might regulate immune responses by influencing the migration of TDL. Therefore, it was investigated in vivo whether IFN-gamma affects the migration of thoracic duct B, T, CD4+, and CD8+ lymphocytes from blood to lymph. Labeled TDL were injected i.v. into rats continuously receiving IFN-gamma via a central venous catheter. The numbers of B, T, CD4+, and CD8+ lymphocytes were determined in blood and thoracic duct lymph for 120 h. IFN-gamma increased the disappearance of TDL from the blood to a similar extent in all subsets. In contrast, the reappearance of B and T lymphocyte subsets in the lymph was decreased: B lymphocytes were affected significantly more than T lymphocytes, whereas CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes were affected to a similar extent. Our study suggests that differential retention within the tissue rather than preferential immigration into the tissue creates a microenvironment with a distinct composition of lymphocyte subsets.
Implementasi Manajemen Peserta Didik dalam Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Peserta Didik di SMA Negeri 3 Panyabungan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Implementation of Student Management in Improving Student Learning Achievement at SMA Negeri 3 Panyabungan. In school management, the system must be improved, starting from student management, the recruitment process for educators and education staff must meet school requirements and then implement more creative learning to support increasing teacher competency. On the basis of the explanation above, the research intends to examine in more depth the implementation of students in improving students' learning achievement. The problem formulation is: 1) How is the management of students at SMA Negeri 3 Panyabungan, 2) What is the achievement of students at SMA Negeri 3 Panyabungan, 3) How is the implementation of student management in improving the learning achievement of students at SMA Negeri 3 Panyabungan. This research aims to determine student management which includes student achievement and the implementation of student management at SMA Negeri 3 Panyabungan. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach which aims to fully describe the phenomena that occur in the field. The informants in this research were the school principal, student affairs, homeroom teacher and students. From the research results, student management at SMA Negeri 3 Panyabungan is very good, seen from the results of the students' achievements, both academic and non-academic achievements. Student management has a very important role in schools. The implementation of student management at SMA Negeri 3 Panyabungan is carried out well, giving full rights to students to develop the potential of each student. The conclusion of this research is that the implementation of student management at SMA Negeri 3 Panyabungan is good. This can be seen from the students' achievements both academically and non-academicly. Other achievements were also obtained from teachers and other staff in improving achievements at SMA Negeri 3 Panyabungan.
Neurotrophins support regenerative axon assembly over CSPGs by an ECM-integrin-independent mechanism

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) and myelin-based inhibitors are the most studied inhibitory molecules in the adult central nervous system. Unlike myelin-based inhibitors, few studies have reported ways to overcome the inhibitory effect of CSPGs. Here, by using regenerating adult dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, we show that chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans inhibit axon assembly by a different mechanism from myelin-based inhibitors. Furthermore, we show that neither Rho inhibition nor cAMP elevation rescues extracellular factor-induced axon assembly inhibited by CSPGs. Instead, our data suggest that CSPGs block axon assembly by interfering with integrin signaling. Surprisingly, we find that nerve growth factor (NGF) promotes robust axon growth of regenerating DRG neurons over CSPGs. We have found that, unlike naive neurons that require simultaneous activation of neurotrophin and integrin pathways for axon assembly, either neurotrophin or integrin signaling alone is sufficient to induce axon assembly of regenerating neurons. Thus, our results suggest that the ability of NGF to overcome CSPG inhibition in regenerating neurons is probably due to the ability of regenerating neurons to assemble axons using an integrin-independent pathway. Finally, our data show that the GSK-3beta-APC pathway, previously shown to mediate developing axon growth, is also necessary for axon regeneration.
Enhancing Lifespan of Battery Storage System in Energy and Regulation Markets through Power Stabilization Using Heuristic Concept

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In the battery storage system, scheduling is required for performing the short-term operation concerning the regulation market with the consideration of longer-term impacts for extending the lifespan of the battery, which is highly challenging to perform and has been focused on in the research works. This can be illustrated through the short-term mechanism that includes the frequent and sharp discharges and charges of the battery, which may effectively, be achieved through short-term operation. But, it makes a significant impact on the lifespan of the battery to get long-running stability. Hence, the scheduling issues need to be rectified by finding the optimum short-term contribution strategy when involved in the regulated markets and day-ahead energy at the time of considering the long-term lifespan problems. Hence, this paper plans to develop a new method for scheduling battery storage systems for participation in frequency regulation and energy markets, simultaneously. A long-term optimization process is proposed, in which the short-term participation strategy defines the battery's lifespan. The proposed long-term model is linearized by the implementation of Benders' decomposition. Here, the limiting factors of energy and regulation markets are optimized by the Squirrel Search Algorithm (SSA) with the consideration of maximizing the battery lifespan. Finally, the applicability of the proposed method is analyzed by comparing it with existing methods.