jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
JORGE A. NALLIM. Transformations and Crisis of Liberalism in Argentina, 1930-1955.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Liberalism is a subject that has occupied the attention of much of the new historical scholarship on Latin America. Earlier interpretations viewed liberalism's policies as being in conflict with the values of the popular classes, especially the peasantry. The recent cultural turn has posited something very different: a popular liberalism that embraced, in its historical moment, a revolutionary idea that allowed its proponents to protect established folkways, especially rights to land, and in the process contribute to state formation. Jorge A. Nállim argues that liberalism in Argentina was never “popular” in the way historians such as Florencia Mallon, Guy Thomson, and others have argued was the case in Mexico. On the contrary, liberalism in Argentina was associated with the centralizing, secular objectives of the porteño elite, the so-called unitarios, who were fiercely resisted by the country's rural classes led by local caudillos, including the most famous, fiercest caudillo of them all, Facundo Quiroga. Nállim might well have ventured that the case for a popular liberalism in Mexico itself has to be qualified, confined to very peculiar regional contexts and in competition and conflict with something at least as important: a popular conservatism in defense of patronage, rights to land, religion, and hostile to the at times rabid anticlericalism of Mexican liberalism. In Argentina's case, what Nállim does say is undoubtedly true. There is barely a trace of the popular liberalism that historians have discovered in Mexico.
Neurokinin B and Its Receptor in Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The hypothalamus integrates multiple environmental and developmental cues relevant to reproductive function, serving to transduce these into a pulsatile output of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Although neuroanatomical and physiological studies have yielded key clues about the functional organisation of the so-called 'GnRH pulse generator', only in the last decade have the molecular components of the circuitry upstream from GnRH begun to be elucidated. A major contributor to this has been human genetics, through identification of mutations causing isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) without developmental defects. The greatest success of this approach was the finding in 2003 that mutations of KISS1R cause IHH, producing a quantum leap in understanding of regulation of GnRH secretion, and energising the field. New evidence has now emerged that loss of function of neurokinin B (NKB) or its receptor, the neurokinin-3 receptor, produces IHH of similar severity to that caused by KISS1R mutations in humans. Preliminary evidence suggests that the role of NKB in reproductive function differs significantly between humans and rodents, posing challenges for future studies. We review the human genetics of NKB and its receptor, and discuss the future work required to elucidate their precise role in the regulation of human GnRH secretion.
Rapid Spread in Japan of Unusual G9P[8] Human Rotavirus Strains Possessing NSP4 Genes of E2 Genotype

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The emergence of unusual G9P[8]-E2 human rotaviruses in the Tokyo metropolitan area, Japan, in 2018 has been reported. During rotavirus strain surveillance in different regions of Japan (Mie, Okayama, and Chiba prefectures), G9P[8]-E2 strains were detected in children with diarrhea from all three prefectures. Here, we characterized the whole genome of seven representative G9P[8]-E2 strains. In the full-genome-based analysis, the seven study strains exhibited a unique genotype configuration with the NSP4 gene of genogroup 2 in a genogroup 1 genomic backbone: G9-P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E2-H1. This genotype constellation was shared by the Tokyo G9P[8]-E2 strains. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all 11 genes, except NSP4, of the seven study strains appeared to have originated from co-circulating Wa-like G9P[8]-E1 strains. In contrast, NSP4 appeared to have originated from the co-circulating DS-1-like G2P[4]-E2 strains. Thus, G9P[8]-E2 strains appear to be derived through reassortment between G9P[8]-E1 and G2P[4]-E2 strains in Japan. Notably, the seven study G9P[8]-E2 strains and Tokyo G9P[8]-E2 strains were revealed to have 11-segment genomes almost indistinguishable from one another in their sequences (99.3-100%), indicating all these G9P[8]-E2 strains had a common origin. To our knowledge, this is the first description of the rapid spread of G9P[8]-E2 strains across a country.
Optimization of adsorption cooling in tropics employing genetic algorithm

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

There has been much research with regards to Adsorption Cooling (AC) and Adsorption Cooling Cum Desalination (ACCD) systems, due to advantages like low electrical consumption, the elimination of moving parts and the ability to use waste heat as the system’s driving force, as compared to common cooling and desalination methods. The performances of these adsorption systems, like Coefficient of Performance (COP) and Specific Cooling Power (SCP), depend on the thermodynamic properties of the adsorbent/adsorbate pair used, namely the isoteric heat of adsorption and maximum uptake at equilibrium conditions. However, the operation parameters of these systems such as the hot water inlet temperature, the cooling water inlet temperature, the cycle time and the switching time play a part in affecting the COP and SCP. An optimization technique called genetic algorithm was used in this project to find out the optimal operation parameters that gives the best COP and SCP for a 2-bed AC system, when different adsorbent/adsorbate pairs are used in conjunction with it. The results show that the lower the cooling water temperature is, the better the COP and SCP of the 2-bed AC system and that the optimal operation parameters from the optimized results are only valid when the other operation parameters such as the inlet temperature of the chilled water, mass flow rates of the heat transfer fluids are kept constant. Since the operation parameters that gives the maximum COP may not give the maximum SCP, it may be a better choice to use SCP as a deciding factor to determine the appropriate adsorbent/adsorbate pair for use in a 2-bed AC system.
Effect of L-Carnitine on Activity of Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase in Diabetic Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Supplementary L-carnitine attenuates ethanol metabolism in rats and thus offers protection to animals against ethanol-induced lipid abnormalities by decreasing the load of ethanol-derived metabolites on the liver. Experimental diabetes increases ethanol metabolism in rats by affecting the activity of liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). L-carnitine has been used for treatment of diabetic neuropathy in humans. We have therefore evaluated the effect of L-carnitine on the activity of liver ADH in Wistar diabetic male rats. Two groups (n=5) of rats were rendered diabetic with alloxan (75 mg/kg) and L-carnitine (200 mg/kg day, i.p.) was given to diabetic rats starting fom the 3rd week after the induction of diabetes and lasting for 4 weeks. A third groups of rats (n=5) which was not diabetic and not supplemented with L-carnitine served as controls. The activity of ADH was determined by an enzymatic method. Liver ADH activity in diabetic rats (25±1.9 U/g protein) was significantly higher (p
Physical dissipation and the method of controlled Lagrangians

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We describe the effect of physical dissipation on stability of equilibria which have been stabilized, in the absence of damping, using the method of controlled Lagrangians. This method applies to a class of underactuated mechanical systems including "balance" systems such as the pendulum on a cart. Since the method involves modifying a system's kinetic energy metric through feedback, the effect of dissipation is obscured. In particular, it is not generally true that damping makes a feedback-stabilized equilibrium asymptotically stable. Damping in the unactuated directions does tend to enhance stability, however damping in the controlled directions must be "reversed" through feedback. In this paper, we suggest a choice of feedback dissipation to locally exponentially stabilize a class of controlled Lagrangian systems.
TRANSTEXTUAL POLLINATION IN THE AGE OF INOCENCE (1993)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Film history is certainly attractive if it is studied in a transverse way, taking into consideration the diverse artistic manifestations that concur in a same or different time period, which share formal features that relate to them. Taking the motion picture The Age of Innocence (1993) as a case study, diverse transtextual relations, among them, hypertextuality, intertextuallity and metatextuality, appear between disciplines such as literature, theatre, painting and photography; all of them present in the film and imbricated in a discourse concerned with reality’s forms of representation. And it is precisely through the interrelation of film with the other arts, where interdiscursivity takes place, as if film, in passing through, pollinates the various textures of diverse nature, leaving in them the cinematographic track of its author.
The impact of educational interventions for nurses on mechanically ventilated patients' outcomes in a Jordanian university hospital

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Aims and objectives To determine the effect of educational interventions for nurses on the success of weaning trials, ventilation period and reintubation incidence for mechanically ventilated patients in a Jordanian university hospital. Background Sharing decision between healthcare providers about weaning should be based on specific guidelines or protocols to avoid complications associated with wrong weaning estimation. Design A nonequivalent, pretest–post‐test (quasi‐experimental) study. Methods The study used a convenience sample consisting of 135 ventilated patients. The historical control group ( n = 65) data were collected from patients’ files before the implementation of the educational interventions for the experimental group ( n = 70), which was recruited from intensive care units at a university hospital. The experimental group received educational interventions on Burns Weaning Assessment Protocol items over one month through in‐service education, bedsides and hands‐on application. Data were collected about Burns Weaning Assessment Protocol scores, failed trials, reintubation incidence and ventilation period for all participants. Results The results showed that the number of failed trials and reintubation incidence was less in the experimental group compared with the control group. On the other hand, there was not any significant difference in the score of ventilation period between the experimental and control groups. Conclusion Educational interventions for nurses on Burns Weaning Assessment Protocol have a significant impact on reducing incidence of failed trials and reintubation. Relevance to clinical practice The improvement of outcomes of patients on mechanical ventilators is a result of shared decision based on effective planning and communication between nurses and physicians.
Political Culture on the National Web: The Role of Political Culture in Online Political Activity and the Case of Hungarian Politics on Facebook

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

iii Acknowledgements  iv Introduction  1 Research questions and goals  3 Research outline: theories and methods  4 I. Political culture on the national web  7 Studying the national web  7 The political culture approach  10 The effect of political culture on the national web  11 Recontextualizing political culture  13 II. Hungarian political culture on the Hungarian web  20 The political culture of Hungary  20 The Hungarian web  24 The case of Facebook and Hungarian political culture  27
Direct torque control strategy of five‐phase PMSM with load capacity enhancement

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A direct torque control (DTC) strategy of five‐phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is proposed in this study. The proposed DTC scheme uses five‐phase inverter to output basic voltage vector or discrete synthesised voltage vectors in one control period to realise the direct control of torque and flux on the fundamental and third harmonic planes simultaneously, and then realise the third harmonic current injection to enhance the load capacity. In order to realise the third harmonic current injection with maximum torque outputting and minimum peak of stator current, the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) scheme is proposed in which the minimum copper loss and the same phase relation between fundamental and third harmonic currents are taken as the constraint conditions, and the amplitude of the fundamental and third harmonic fluxes and the optimal torque distribution ratio are derived in MTPA. A TMS320F2812‐based digital controller is adopted as a core to construct the DTC experimental platform of the five‐phase PMSM with 800 W rated power. The results of experiment and simulation show that the proposed DTC strategy can improve the maximum load torque of the motor, reduce the flux density of the stator and improve the core utilisation rate of the stator.
Robust Controller Synthesis for Uncertain Time-Varying Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we develop and present new convex synthesis conditions for robust performance in linear time-varying systems, subject to time-varying perturbations. In particular, these results are exact for sensitivity minimization in the presence of multiplicative perturbations. The methods apply to a number of additional robust performance problems and are always both necessary and sufficient when the system plant is periodic. Otherwise, the conditions provided are always sufficient, and a controller can be directly constructed when this condition holds.
Circulating prostate tumor cells detected by reverse transcription-PCR in men with localized or castration-refractory prostate cancer: concordance with CellSearch assay and association with bone metastases and with survival.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assays have been used for analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), but their clinical value has yet to be established. We assessed men with localized prostate cancer or castration-refractory prostate cancer (CRPC) for CTCs via real-time RT-PCR assays for KLK3 [kallikrein-related peptidase 3; i.e., prostate-specific antigen (PSA)] and KLK2 mRNAs. We also assessed the association of CTCs with disease characteristics and survival. METHODS: KLK3, KLK2, and PSCA (prostate stem cell antigen) mRNAs were measured by standardized, quantitative real-time RT-PCR assays in blood samples from 180 localized-disease patients, 76 metastatic CRPC patients, and 19 healthy volunteers. CRPC samples were also tested for CTCs by an immunomagnetic separation system (CellSearch; Veridex) approved for clinical use. RESULTS: All healthy volunteers were negative for KLK mRNAs. Results of tests for KLK3 or KLK2 mRNAs were positive (&gt; or =80 mRNAs/mL blood) in 37 patients (49%) with CRPC but in only 15 patients (8%) with localized cancer. RT-PCR and CellSearch CTC results were strongly concordant (80%-85%) and correlated (Kendall tau, 0.60-0.68). Among CRPC patients, KLK mRNAs and CellSearch CTCs were closely associated with clinical evidence of bone metastases and with survival but were only modestly correlated with serum PSA concentrations. PSCA mRNA was detected in only 7 CRPC patients (10%) and was associated with a positive KLK mRNA status. CONCLUSIONS: Real-time RT-PCR assays of KLK mRNAs are highly concordant with CellSearch CTC results in patients with CRPC. KLK2/3-expressing CTCs are common in men with CRPC and bone metastases but are rare in patients with metastases diagnosed only in soft tissues and patients with localized cancer.
Beyond teaching “just English”: Blurred Boundaries and Their Implications for Contemporary Language Education

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Reflecting on recent social transformations and technological innovations, this article argues that a holistic change is needed in the scope and identity of English language teaching. I argue that we must embrace a move away from teaching “just English”, that is, concentrating on instruction that targets language in isolation from other forms of knowledge, and instead move toward a more holistic focus on global citizenship skills. These are better able to address the growing importance of the plurality of Englishes likely to be encountered by learners and are central to the development of broader critical literacy skills needed to participate in globalized communication. Finally, I conclude that a refocus is crucial to the long-term viability of English language teaching as a profession in light of the capabilities of emerging AI technologies in language instruction.
SH3420371.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
To feed, or not to feed? Evaluating enteral nutrition practices in surgical neonates

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Early enteral feeding initiation following surgical procedures in neonates has demonstrated several benefits. In high income countries, where parenteral nutrition is readily available, enteral feeding initiation is often delayed. This study seeks to examine clinical factors and decision-making processes that guide nutrition practices in surgical neonates in the United States (US) and Kenya. Methods: A REDCap survey was developed and distributed to pediatric surgery attendings and fellows at Riley and Peyton Manning Children’s Hospitals in Indiana (US) and Shoe4Africa Children’s and AIC Kijabe Hospitals in Kenya. Nine responses were collected during the initial two-week long pilot, then analyzed using REDCap and SPSS 25. Results: Responses were collected from eight pediatric surgery attendings and a fellow practicing in Indianapolis, IN. The three most highly ranked clinical factors important for initiation of enteral feeds were stability of the patient, nasogastric or orogastric output color, and gastric output volume. Factors most highly ranked for advancement of feeds included frequency and volume of emesis and abdominal distension. These factors were similarly ranked for foregut and hindgut procedures. Protocols for pyloric stenosis (n=6) include initiation of enteral nutrition within 24-48 hours. Four of nine respondents felt that surgeons at their institution are not aggressive enough in feeding surgical neonates. The primary perceived barrier to achieving full enteral nutrition was patient gut dysmotility (n=8). All respondents felt that they were similarly (n=4) or more (n=5) proactive in feeding surgical neonates compared to their peers. Conclusions and Impact: Feeding practices in surgical neonates are dependent on individual clinician decision-making processes and patient factors. Once the data from the Kenyan surgeons is collected, comparisons between practice patterns will be analyzed. Real-world enteral feeding practices will be evaluated in an adjunct observational study, which we hope will inform protocols with earlier enteral feeding initiation in the future.
Dual-surface plasmon excitation with thin metallic nanoslits

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Based on the experimental results and comparison between analytical and rigorous calculations, we have found that dual-surface plasmon (SP) waves are excited at both interfaces of a periodic array of thin metallic nanoslits: one at the grating-substrate interface and one at the grating-superstrate interface. Dual plasmons are excited for each diffraction order at two different wavelengths when the substrate differs from the superstrate. The splitting of the plasmons was investigated as a function of the refractive index difference between the substrate and superstrate. Verification of the extended nature of the double SPs is presented by comparing the rigorous calculation and analytic dispersion relation of extended SPs.
Association between the rs3812316 Single Nucleotide Variant of the MLXIPL Gene and Alpha-Linolenic Acid Intake with Triglycerides in Mexican Mestizo Women

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) is a key transcription factor to understand the gene–diet–nutrient relationship that leads to metabolic diseases. We aimed to analyze the association between the rs17145750 and rs3812316 SNVs (single nucleotide variants) of the MLXIPL gene with dietary, anthropometric, and biochemical variables in Mexican Mestizo subjects. This is a cross-sectional study of 587 individuals. Genotyping was performed by allelic discrimination. In addition, liver and adipose tissue biopsies were obtained from a subgroup of 24 subjects to analyze the expression of the MLXIPL gene. An in silico test of the protein stability and allelic imbalance showed that rs17145750 and rs3812316 showed a high rate of joint heritability in a highly conserved area. The G allele of rs3812316 was associated with lower triglyceride levels (OR = −0.070 ± 0.027, p < 0.011, 95% CI = −0.124 to −0.016), the production of an unstable protein (ΔΔG −0.83 kcal/mol), and probably lower tissue mRNA levels. In addition, we found independent factors that also influence triglyceride levels, such as insulin resistance, HDL-c, and dietary protein intake in women. Our data showed that the association of rs3812316 on triglycerides was only observed in patients with an inadequate alpha-linolenic acid intake (1.97 ± 0.03 vs. 2.11 ± 0.01 log mg/dL, p < 0.001).
Effects of Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate, Sodium Hypochlorite and Formaldehyde on Activated Sludge

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

供試汚水として前処理豚糞を用い,活性汚泥に対する消毒剤の影響を調査した.供試消毒剤はジクロロイソシアヌル酸ナトリウム(SDIC),次亜塩素酸ナトリウム(SHC)およびホルムアルデヒド(FA)である.調査項目としては処理水のCODと透視度,MLSS増加率および微小動物相とした.その結果,処理水のCODあるいは透視度を悪化させたSDIC, SHCおよびFAの限界濃度はそれぞれ5, 1および25mg/lであった.MLSS増加率を低下させた限界濃度はそれぞれ5, 5および100mg/lであった.また,SDIC, SHCおよびFAが微小動物に影響を与えた濃度はそれぞれ2.5, 1および10mg/lであった.一方,これらの消毒剤に高い感受性を示した主な性物は,Carchesium, Trachelophyllum, Aspidisca, VorticellaおよびAeolosomaであった.以上より,活性汚泥に対する安全性はFAが最も高く,次いでSDIC, SHCの順であることが明らかとなり,処理効率の低下を防止するためのSDIC, SHCおよびFAの濃度は少なくとも,それぞれ5, 1および25mg/l/day未満である必要性が示唆された.