jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Plagiarism in Residency Application Essays

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Letters7 December 2010Plagiarism in Residency Application EssaysMoxie Stratton-Loeffler, DOMoxie Stratton-Loeffler, DOFrom Oakland, CA 94609.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-153-11-201012070-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I am writing in response to the recent article by Segal and colleagues (1), which discussed plagiarism among residency applicants. As a literature and ethics major in college, I was interested in this topic. I think it would be a loss to exclude the personal statement, and so its inclusion must be made valid. Some factors may contribute to a student's motives to plagiarize: competition, lack of confidence in writing and communication skills, lack of skill, exhaustion and lack of inspiration from fatigue during medical school, stymied creative expression due to long hours and overwork, and a ...Reference1. Segal S, Gelfand BJ, Hurwitz S, Berkowitz L, Ashley SW, Nadel ES, et al. Plagiarism in residency application essays. Ann Intern Med. 2010;153:112-20. [PMID: 20643991] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Oakland, CA 94609.Disclosures: None disclosed.The author's response will appear in the 21 December issue. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPlagiarism in Residency Application Essays Scott Segal , Brian J. Gelfand , Shelley Hurwitz , Lori Berkowitz , Stanley W. Ashley , Eric S. Nadel , and Joel T. Katz Plagiarism in Residency Application Essays Jonas B. Green Plagiarism in Residency Application Essays Michael Kirsch Plagiarism in Residency Application Essays Jason P. Lott Plagiarism in Residency Application Essays Sameer Siddique , Harris V. Naina , and Samar Harris Response to Comments on Plagiarism in Residency Application Essays Scott Segal , Brian J. Gelfand , and Joel T. Katz Metrics Cited byPlagiarised letters of recommendation submitted for the National Resident Matching ProgramResponse to Comments on Plagiarism in Residency Application EssaysScott Segal, MD, MHCM, Brian J. Gelfand, MD, and Joel T. Katz, MD 7 December 2010Volume 153, Issue 11Page: 766KeywordsConflicts of interestFatigueForecastingInternetMedical educationResidencySocioeconomic status ePublished: 7 December 2010 Issue Published: 7 December 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
ADULT PLANT REACTION TO STEM RUST OF LINES OF MARQUIS WHEAT WITH SUBSTITUTED GENES FOR RESISTANCE

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The adult plant reactions to eight races of stem rust were determined for nine lines of Marquis wheat carrying identified genes for stem rust resistance, three lines of the variety Chinese into which single chromosomes of Red Egyptian had been substituted, and six parental varieties. The adult plant reactions of the Marquis lines carrying the genes Sr6, Sr7, and Sr8 resembled the seedling reactions. The Marquis line carrying Sr9a from Kenya 117A and Sr9b from Red Egyptian were similar in adult plant reaction although they differed in seedling reaction to a culture of race 29-1 (Can.). Two lines of Marquis carrying Sr10 were resistant in the adult stage to races 56 and 29-1 (Can.) which can attack them in the seedling stage. The reactions of the substitution lines and the Marquis lines carrying the same genes were similar, although the substitution lines were more susceptible to some races.
Simeon and Other Women in Theodoret’s Religious History : Gender in the Representation of Late Ancient Christian Asceticism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article explores the use of gender in the Religious History , demonstrating the multiple ways that Theodoret of Cyrrhus marked ostensibly male characters with traits associated in ancient medical literature with female bodies. Beyond simply depicting ascetics as extraordinary human beings, these complexly gendered portraits more importantly served as expressions of an argument Theodoret advanced elsewhere: that men and women shared a common human nature. Based on these observations, the article then offers an interpretation of the two bodily examinations performed upon Theodoret’s most influential character, Simeon the Stylite, namely that these scenes were carefully narrated to suggest that they were examinations of a female body. In conclusion, I argue scholars should consider the peculiar uses of gender in each ancient representation of early Christian asceticism, rather than assume early Christian texts only associated masculinity with excellence in ascetic practice.
Regulatory Institutions and Procedures

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The definitions of business practices which appear in European Union and United Kingdom legislation are framed in very general terms. Application of the legislation to individual cases consequently requires the exercise of discretion going far beyond that normally required of ordinary courts of law. The legislation accordingly made provision for the creation of special institutions which were given the duty to exercise such discretion within prescribed limits and according to stated procedures. Since the legislation was first introduced, those regulatory institutions have developed further procedures and practices of their own, and have at times assumed roles which were not specifically catered for in the legislation. This chapter concentrates upon those aspects of law and practice which appear significantly to affect the conduct of the business of the regulatory authorities.KeywordsFair TradingCompetition PolicyNational CourtRegulatory InstitutionJudicial ReviewThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Non-Verbal Communication Analysis in Victim-Offender Mediations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we present a non-invasive ambient intelligence framework for the semi-automatic analysis of non-verbal communication applied to the restorative justice field. In particular, we propose the use of computer vision and social signal processing technologies in real scenarios of Victim-Offender Mediations, applying feature extraction techniques to multi-modal audio-RGB-depth data. We compute a set of behavioral indicators that define communicative cues from the fields of psychology and observational methodology. We test our methodology on data captured in real world Victim-Offender Mediation sessions in Catalonia in collaboration with the regional government. We define the ground truth based on expert opinions when annotating the observed social responses. Using different state-of-the-art binary classification approaches, our system achieves recognition accuracies of 86% when predicting satisfaction, and 79% when predicting both agreement and receptivity. Applying a regression strategy, we obtain a mean deviation for the predictions between 0.5 and 0.7 in the range [1-5] for the computed social signals.
Bronchoneutral effects in hypertensive asthmatics--celiprolol versus chlorthalidone.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The actions of celiprolol and chlorthalidone on lung function were studied in a randomized double-blind study of 30 patients. At the end of a 4-week placebo run-in period each patient had a supine diastolic blood pressure between 90 and 115 mmHg, and a forced expiratory volume at the first second of expiration (FEV1) 50-80% of the predicted value in patients with bronchial asthma, and between 40% and 70% of the predicted value in patients with chronic airways obstruction. The active treatment period lasted 12 weeks during which patients received either celiprolol, 200-600 mg daily, or chlorthalidone 12.5-37.5 mg daily. Lung function, blood pressure and heart rate were measured and assessed every 2 weeks during active treatment. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were reduced during treatment with both drugs, but FEV1, forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume at 25-75% of vital capacity were not significantly altered. These results suggest that celiprolol does not adversely affect pulmonary function in hypertensive patients who also have chronic bronchial obstruction.
Stellar Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In all phases of the life of a star, hydrodynamical processes play a major role. This volume gives a comprehensive overview of the state of knowledge in stellar astrophysical fluid dynamics, and its publication marked the 60th birthday of Douglas Gough, Professor of Theoretical Physics at the University of Cambridge and leading contributor to stellar astrophysical fluid dynamics. Topics include properties of pulsating stars, helioseismology, convection and mixing in stellar interiors, dynamics of stellar rotation, planet formation and the generation of stellar and planetary magnetic fields. Each chapter is written by leading experts in the field, and the book provides an overview that is central to any attempt to understand the properties of stars and their evolution. With extensive references to the technical literature, this is a valuable text for researchers and graduate students in stellar astrophysics.
Bending Fibers of Hydroxyapatite for Ordered Parallel Architecture in Bovine Tooth Enamel

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The nanometer-scale bending structure in the enamel–dentin interfacial region of bovine teeth was clarified using detailed electron micrographs. We found that enamel prisms of width ∼5–10 μm in the enamel are regarded as a bundle of nanometer-scale hydroxyapatite (HA) fibers of width ∼20–30 nm that are connected to the enamel–dentin interface. The radial arrangements of HA fibers elongated in the c-axis were formed on the dentin surface at the boundary. The orientation adjustment of the HA fibers was observed through stepwise bending with a gradual change of the c direction in the ordered parallel array of the enamel prisms. Our observation suggests that the crystallographic ordering in the enamel layer originates from the growth-induced orientation of HA crystals in the interfacial region.
FilmArray Respiratory Panel Assay: Comparison of Nasopharyngeal Swabs and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Samples

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT The FilmArray respiratory panel (FARP) reliably and rapidly identifies 17 viruses and 3 bacterial pathogens. A nasopharyngeal swab FARP (NP FARP) is performed for many patients with respiratory symptoms. For patients who are acutely ill or immunocompromised or fail to improve, a bronchoalveolar lavage sample FARP (BAL FARP) is performed in addition to the NP FARP. To date, no studies have compared the yield of a BAL FARP with that of an NP FARP. We retrospectively studied all patients who had a BAL FARP within 7 days after an NP FARP between June 2013 and May 2014. Demographic information, comorbidities, FARP results, and all microbiologic data from BAL fluid were collected. Eighty-six patients had a BAL FARP performed within 7 days (mean, 1.6; median, 1) after an NP FARP. Of these, 66 (77%) had concordant BAL and NP FARP results: 15 (23%) had the same pathogen identified from the NP and BAL FARPs, and 51 (77%) had concordant negative FARP results. In 18 of the 86 patients (21%), a pathogen was detected from the NP FARP; of these, 15 (83%) had a concordant match on a subsequent BAL FARP, and the remaining 3 had negative BAL FARPs. In 17 of the 86 patients (20%), pathogens were identified from the BAL FARPs that were not detected by the NP FARPs; of these, 16 (94%) had initial negative NP FARPs. The data suggest that once a pathogen is identified by an NP FARP, a subsequent BAL FARP is unlikely to add new microbiologic information. However, a BAL FARP may provide new, useful microbiologic information when performed within 7 days after a negative NP FARP.
Green guardians: Bacterial endophytes in protecting vegetable crops against pathogens

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Vegetables are considered as the major source for opportunistic and emerging pathogens due to their diverse microbiome. Utilising bacterial endophytes and other bacterial agents to control a variety of economically important plant diseases is vital for achieving sustainable agriculture. Within internal plant tissues, bacterial endophytes form colonies without apparent injury. These bacteria provide several advantages for plant systems, including the direct stimulation of plant development through the creation of metabolites or phytohormones. Importantly, bacterial endophytes play a dual role by safeguarding their plant host through the biocontrol of pathogens and induction of the plant's innate immune system. This review offers a methodical and inclusive examination of the current state of endophytic diversity of bacteria, their methods of plant colonisation and their potential functions as protective agents against plant diseases. The review concludes by proposing diverse effective strategies for applying endophytic bacteria as a biological agent aiming to safeguard vegetable crop plants and enhancing the resilience of agricultural products.
The place of ethics in mental health nurses’ clinical judgment in the use of seclusion

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Seclusion is an intervention used in mental health settings, with nurses playing a key role in decisions related to secluding a patient. The purpose of this interpretive description study was to explore the place of ethics in mental health nurses’ clinical judgements on seclusion use. Data collection involved interviews of nine registered psychiatric nurses and eight registered nurses. Nurses described their experiences with seclusion and identified factors that impacted their decision to seclude. Ethical tensions related to seclusion use were outlined. Two themes were identified. The complexity of promoting safety and preventing harm illustrates nurses’ sometimes competing responsibilities to keep people safe, understanding of power differentials and patient vulnerability, and recognition of the various types of harms that can arise with seclusion. The importance of knowing for ethical action with seclusion use highlights the role of knowing oneself, the patient, other team members, and the unit in judgments to seclude.
Additional file 6: of Identification and characterization of early photoreceptor cis-regulatory elements and their relation to Onecut1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Activity of Nr2e3 Reporters in Rxrg-positive cone photoreceptor. E5 chicken retinas electroporated with Nr2e3Enh::GFP plasmids, cultured for 2 days ex vivo and processed for immunofluorescence detection of DAPI (blue), Nucβ-gal (red, chicken antibody), EGFP (green, rabbit antibody), and Rxrg (white, mouse antibody). (A-H) Maximum projections of confocal z-stacks with the channels shown above each column. (A’-H’) High magnification, single z-planes of the images shown in A-H. Arrows point to GFP, Rxrg double-positive cells and are in the same location in each image of each row. Scale bar in A applies to all panels and represents 20 μm in A-H and 4 μm in A’-H’. Retina is oriented with scleral surface at the top of each image. (PNG 9506 kb)
Threats of land use to the global diversity of vascular plants

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Aim Land use is a main driver of biodiversity loss worldwide. However, quantifying its effects on global plant diversity remains a challenge due to the limited availability of data on the distributions of vascular plant species and their responses to land use. Here, we estimated the global extinction threat of land use to vascular plant species based on a novel integration of an ecoregion‐level species‐area model and the relative endemism richness of the ecoregions. Location Global. Methods First, we assessed ecoregion‐level extinction threats using a countryside species–area relationship model based on responses of local plant richness to land use types and intensities and a high‐resolution global land use map. Next, we estimated global species extinction threat by multiplying the relative endemism richness of each ecoregion with the ecoregion‐level extinction threats. Results Our results indicate that 11% of vascular plant species are threatened with global extinction. We found the largest extinction threats in the Neotropic and Palearctic realms, mainly due to cropland of minimal and high intensity, respectively. Main Conclusions Our novel integration of the countryside species–area relationship and the relative endemism richness allows for the identification of hotspots of global extinction threat, as well as the contribution of specific land use types and intensities to this threat. Our findings inform where the development of measures to protect or restore plant diversity globally are most needed.
α-tricalcium phosphate/fluorapatite-based cement - promising dental root canal filling material

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

?-Tricalcium phosphate/fluorapatite (?-TCP/FAp) mixed powders were prepared in order to obtain dental root canal filling cements. Different liquids for cement pastes have been investigated and the most suitable one for obtaining rheologically optimal pastes was chosen for further analysis. Morphological changes in the cement materials as a consequence of the formation of hydroxyapatite (HAp) after the immersion in a simulated body fluid (SBF), an influence on the cell viability, and final success of the filling were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy. Treatment of the ?-TCP/FAp mixtures in SBF at 37?C resulted in a complete transformation of ?-TCP into HAp after 10 days, while the exposure of MRC-5 human and L929 animal fibroblast cells to the cement showed complete absence of cytotoxicity. The root canal of an extracted tooth was filled with the ?-TCP/FAp cement containing 5 wt.% of FAp and relatively strong adhesion between the cement and dentine was observed after 48h. The same cement material was immersed during 10 days in SBF and after that both human and animal fibroblast cells during in vitro MTT tests showed higher cell viability compared to the control sample. These findings lead to a conclusion that the ?-TCP/FAp based cement demonstrates potential for further development towards dental cement application.
[Elevated expression of B7-H6 in U87 cells-derived glioma stem like cells is associated with biological characteristics].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective To investigate the expression and biological significance of costimulatory molecule B7-H6, a member of B7 family, in glioma stem like cells (GSLCs). Methods In virtue of the ability of forming neurospheres in vitro , GSLCs were isolated from U87 cells by cell sub-cloning. Real-time quantitative PCR and flow cytometry were performed to detect the expressions of stem cell related markers (c-myc, Sox2, CD133, nestin, and CXCR4), as well as the expressions of B7 family molecules. The different doses of adriamycin, carboplatin, cisplatin, were used to treat GSLCs for testing their chemotherapy-resistance. After the expression of B7-H6 in GSLCs was knockdown by siRNA, CCK-8 method was used to detect cell proliferation. Results GSLCs were successfully isolated from U87 cells, which formed neurospheres in vitro . The expressions of multiple stem cell markers were up-regulated and the GSLCs showed enhanced chemo therapy-resistance. B7 family members, B7-H1, B7-H3, B7-H4 and B7-H6 were expressed in GSLCs. Compared with primary U87 cells, GSLCs presented with a remarkably increased expression of B7-H6 on cell membrane. When B7-H6 was silenced by siRNA, cell proliferation was inhibited along with the decrease of c-myc expression. Conclusion The expression of B7-H6 is up-regulated in U87-derived GSLCs, which is associated with the biological characteristics of GSLCs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Synthesis of Benzo[h]quinolones and Study of Their Fluorescence Properties.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Motor skills of preschooler

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Wawryków Agata, Stecko Monika, Korabiusz Katarzyna, Fabian Danielewska Anna, Harasimowicz Joanna, Maciejewska Martyna, Janik Fuks Inga. Motor skills of preschooler. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(6):251-255. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3243602 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/7018 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/915772 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2019; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.05.2019. Revised: 25.05.2019. Accepted: 11.06.2019.

Motor skills of preschooler

Zdolności motoryczne dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym Agata Wawryków¹, Monika Stecko¹, Katarzyna Korabiusz¹, Anna Fabian Danielewska¹, Joanna Harasimowicz¹, Martyna Maciejewska¹, Inga Janik - Fuks¹ ¹Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Doctoral Studies

Key words: motor skills, prechooler

Słowa klucz: zdolności motoryczne, przedszkolaki Abstract

The human motoriness is the whole of behaviors, possibilities and needs movement differently manifested at every stage of life. The pre-school period is the so-called golden period of motoriness. At this stage of life, all movement skills that affect further development of the child are improved, both in the physical, mental, intelectual and social spheres. External interventions to improve and improve skills in small and large motor skills seem to be extremely important. We should hold on the occurrence of motor development disorders and the introduction of rehabilitation as soon as possible.

Abstrakt Motoryczność człowieka to całokształt zachowań, możliwości i potrzeb ruchowych różnie przejawianych na każdym okresie życia. Okres przedszkolny stanowi tzw. złoty okres motoryczności. Na tym etapie życia doskonalone są wszystkie umiejętności ruchowe wpływające na dalszy rozwój dziecka zarówno w sferze fizycznej, psychicznej, intelektualnej, a także społecznej. Niezwykle ważne wydają się być zewnętrzne ingerencje, służące poprawie i doskonaleniu umiejętności w zakresie motoryki małej i wielkiej. Należy zwrócić również uwagę na występowanie zaburzeń rozwoju motorycznego i wprowadzenie możliwie najszybciej usprawniania w tym kierunku.