jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Selection of microsatellite molecular markers associated with the character of cold tolerance of common carp

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In order to search the DNA sequences associated with the character of cold tolerance of common carp,we utilized 142 microsatellite primers for PCR amplifying.Population blending DNA samples were respectively derived from red purse carp(cold tolerance),Boshi carp(cold sensible),and the cold tolerance specie and the cold sensible specie of their F2 generation.After 710 times SSLP(simple sequence length polymorphism) examination,we got two(primer HLJ578,HLJ580) microsatellite molecular markers associated with the character of cold tolerance of common carp.Then we utilized this two microsatellite molecular markers to validate this result by using 27 individual DNA samples including cold tolerance specie and cold sensible specie.It can be concluded that the character of cold tolerance of common carp is quantitative character,and it is controlled by many genes;the number of DNA sequences associated with the character of cold tolerance between the cold tolerance specie and the cold sensible specie of common carp is different,and this affects the magnitude of protein which is associated with the character of cold tolerance of common carp.
Casimir force control with optical Kerr effect

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The control of the Casimir force between two parallel plates can be achieved through inducing the optical Kerr effect of a nonlinear material. By considering a two-plate system which consists of a dispersive metamaterial and a nonlinear material, we show that the Casimir force between the plates can be switched between attractive and repulsive Casimir force by varying the intensity of a laser pulse. The switching sensitivity increases as the separation between plate decreases, thus providing new possibilities of controlling Casimir force for nanoelectromechanical systems.
Characteristic Analysis of 8kW Class High-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Background/Objectives: This paper deals with characteristic analysis of High-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (High-Speed PMSM) for air-blower by using FEM (Finite Element Method) S/W tools and analytical method.Methods/Statistical analysis: The High-Speed PMSM need the protective tube with non-magnetic materials that protect the scattering of permanent magnet, for preventing the damage of the High-Speed PMSM, it is necessary that analyzed about mechanical analysis.Findings: The results of the stress analytical method are compared with the results of FEM analysis that validated the analytical method of stress analysis. Based on the results of the analysis, an analytical model was fabricated. Through the experiments, the presence of rotor breakage was examined and the performance was measured.Improvements/Applications: The analysis methods presented in this paper could be applied to characteristic analysis of the high-speed permanent magnet machine
Analysis of Challenges and Solutions in the Implementation of Cybergogy in Islamic Education in Malaysia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Educational technology is advancing in tandem with the digital era, and its application in Islamic Education has become essential for enhancing the quality of teaching and learning. The Cybergogy approach, integrating pedagogical elements within a digital context, is regarded as one of the most efficacious methods for enhancing the learning experience of students. The implementation of Cybergogy in Islamic Education in Malaysia encounters several challenges, including the digital divide, insufficient technological literacy among educators, limited access to authentic learning materials, and difficulties in maintaining student motivation. This study seeks to identify the primary challenges in implementing Cybergogy in Islamic Education and to explore suitable solutions to address these challenges. The study, employing systematic literature analysis methods, identified that the most efficacious solutions include the expansion of digital infrastructure, enhancement of instructor training, regulation of online Islamic learning content, and the implementation of hybrid learning approaches. The findings of this study are anticipated to aid educators and researchers in enhancing the application of Cybergogy in Islamic Education in Malaysia.
A conceptual framework for studying and investing in precision nutrition

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Nutrients and food-derived bioactive molecules must transit complex metabolic pathways, and these pathways vary between people. Metabolic heterogeneity is caused by genetic variation, epigenetic variation, differences in microbiome composition and function, lifestyle differences and by variation in environmental exposures. This review discusses a number of these sources of metabolic heterogeneity and presents some of the research investments that will be needed to make applications of precision nutrition practical.
Gastric Volume in Diabetic Patients after Overnight Fasting vs Clear Liquid Ingestion Two Hours before Surgery Using UltraonographyA Randomised Clinical Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Perioperative gastric aspiration poses risks such as aspiration pneumonia, prolonged hospital stays, and increased mortality. Fasting guidelines may not adequately address the needs of diabetic patients due to the delayed gastric emptying often observed in this population. Aim: To assess residual gastric volume in diabetic patients who fasted overnight versus those who ingested water preoperatively using ultrasound. Materials and Methods: A randomised clinical trial enrolled 50 diabetic patients undergoing elective surgery. Patients were randomised into two groups: fasting overnight or receiving water preoperatively. Gastric ultrasound was used to measure antral dimensions and calculate gastric volume. The parameters studied included residual gastric volume in diabetic patients in the Right Lateral Decubitus (RLD) position, antral CrossSectional Area (CSA) in the semi-sitting position among diabetic patients, and antral CSA in the RLD position among diabetic patients. Statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics for continuous variables and Chi-square tests for categorical variables, with significance set at p-value<0.05. Results: The study enrolled 50 diabetic patients, with 25 in group A and 25 in group B. The mean age of patients in group A was 49.3±11.7 years, while in group B, it was 58.6±9.8 years. In the RLD position, the mean Craniocaudal (CC) diameter showed no significant difference between the two groups. However, the mean Anteroposterior (AP) diameter was higher in group B compared to group A, showing a statistically significant difference (p-value=0.012). Similarly, the mean CSA was significantly higher in group B compared to group A. Regarding gastric volume in the RLD position, the mean volume showed no significant difference between the two groups (p-value=0.342). In the semi-sitting position, the mean CC diameter and AP diameter between the two groups, although not statistically significant, were slightly higher in group B. The mean CSA in group A and group B showed a statistically significant difference. Conclusion: Preoperative intake of clear fluids two hours before surgery showed no significant increase in gastric volume in diabetic patients compared to overnight fasting, as evidenced by ultrasound measurements.
The Fracture Incidence and Safety of Teriparatide and Bisphosphonate in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis: A Meta-Analysis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Among postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, clinical vertebral fractures and new vertebral fractures decreased more in patients receiving teriparatide than in those receiving bisphosphonate. Although there were no differences in adverse events across subgroups, patients receiving teriparatide had a higher rate of dizziness than those receiving bisphosphonate.The results of this work will provide a reference for clinicians to select appropriate anti-osteoporosis drugs by comprehensively considering individual differences such as fracture risk and dizziness tolerance.
Experimental Investigation of the Cooling Effect Generated by a Heat Sink Integrated Thermoelectric-Based U-Shaped Air-Conditioning System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Over the past years, thermoelectric refrigeration has attracted considerable attention due to its compact size, reliability, and environmental friendliness. Traditional refrigeration systems use greenhouse gases, which significantly impacts our environment. Therefore, in this work, a thermoelectric cooler prototype refrigeration system, a solid-state device causing no harm to the environment, was constructed and tested experimentally. A heat sink was attached to the cold side of the thermoelectric cooler (TEC) to cool the air passing through the heat sink. In contrast, a cold plate was attached to the hot side of TEC to remove the generated heat with the help of the liquid circulating in the aluminium cold plate. Experiments were carried out by varying parameters such as input current to the TEC module, inlet air flow rate, water flow rate through the cold plate, etc. The experimental results indicate that the cooling effect is increased by approximately 40%, increasing current from 2A to 8A. However, the cooling effect was decreased with increasing inlet airflow rate by 58% when airflow rate increased from 2.25 m/s to 3.55 m/s. However, the system performance shows approximately 35% increment with an increase in fan speed. Furthermore, a decrease in the water flow rate from 3.04 L/m to 1.80 L/m showed a slight increment in the cooling by 15%.
Keragaman Bakteri Endofit Penghasil L-Asparaginase Bebas L-Glutaminase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Endophytes are potential as a source of active compound producer. Endophytes that is isolated from tropical medicinal plants has been getting attention due to its high biodiversity and active compound producing ability. L-asparaginase is the first enzyme used as chemotherapeutic agent for leukemia. The aim of this study is to collect the endophytic bacteria associated with tropical medicinal plants from Sumba Island and investigate the activity of L-asparaginase without L-glutaminase from endophytic bacteria isolates. The samples Gliricidia sepium, Pittosporum moluccanum, Clerodendrum buchanani, and Zingiberaceae are collected from Wanggameti, East Sumba, NTT. Samples are sterilized using surface-sterilization method and endophytic bacteria are isolated using plant piece method on R2A media. Selected endophytic bacteria are identified by 16S rDNA sequences. L-asparaginase screening is conducted using modified R2A with addition of L-asparagine and phenol red as colour indicator. A total of 34 isolates of endophytic bacteria were collected from 5 samples. A total of 14 genus consisted of 17 different bacterial species were obtained from 34 selected isolates. Endophytic bacteria of P. stutzeri strains of SMKL1 and R. radiobacter strains of SMKW2 from the Kahili plant were needed as L-glutaminase-free L-asparaginase and were potential to be candidate of leukemia cancer chemotherapy
Numerical simulation of droplet evaporation based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method, a numerical model of smoothed particle hydrodynamics in multi-phase flow evaporation accompanied with heat and mass transfer has been established, and phase transition of droplet evaporation is simulated. In this paper, an smoothed particle hydrodynamics mass transfer equation of gas phase in evaporation are proposed based on Fick?s law. In order to solve the problem of large mass difference of particles at the phase interface during evaporation, the particle splitting and merging techniques are introduced, and the tensile instability of particles during the splitting and merging is weakened by artificial stress. Besides, by adding the surface tension model, the mutual penetration of particles at the gas-liquid interface is effectively prevented. On this basis, the evaporation of single droplet and interacting droplets without gravity is simulated. The results show that the evaporation time of single droplet in this study conforms to D2 law and is within the theoretical range. There is a great influence between interacting droplets in the process of evaporation. Only when dimensionless number C (droplet spacing/droplet diameter) is larger than eight, the influence between droplets can be approximately ignored.
Carbon and oxygen isotopes suggesting deep-water basin deposition associated with hydrothermal events(Shangsi Section, Northwest Sichuan Basin-South China)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Carbon and oxygen isotope records for Shangsi Section in Northwest Sichuan Basin, South China can help investigating depositional environments and processes, including the burial rate and possible contribution of hydrothermal events. Samples from the lower Chihsian Formation show δ13CPDB and δ18OPDB values close to those of typical marine limestone. However, the overlying Permian middle-upper Chihsian, Wujiaping, and Maokou Formation samples reveal negative δ18OSMOW values and strong positive δ13CPDB values. These indicate high biological productivity and rapid burial of organic carbon. Samples from the Dalong Formation present both negative δ13CPDB and negative δ18OPDB values, which are quite different from the underlying Permian strata. These abnormal carbon and oxygen isotope characteristics in the Dalong Formation may suggest that hydrothermal processes contributed to deposition.
Instagram @Jakartabiennale Sebagai Media Promosi Dalam Pelaksanaan Exhibition Jakarta Biennale 2021 “ESOK”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Use of Instagram as a Promotional Tool for the 2021 “ESOK” Jakarta Biennale Exhibitions. The Jakarta Biennale has been using the Instagram feature to help promote exhibitions by the Museum of Indonesia National Awakening (Museum Kebangkitan Nasional) for some time. The collection was considered a dormant tourist destination that needs to be reactivated. This research elaborates on how the official account @jakartabienalle projects promotional content about the event. Using the content marketing theory, we employ content analysis methods to describe the promotions' narratives spectrum qualitatively. Complementary to that, we also conducted in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation upon the account followers. We found a specific trace of the “ESOK” signature in the upper-left part of every post. Along with that, a two-long paragraph caption also completes the picture-based pieces of information that consist of registration pieces of information and details of the pictures. Finally, we also conclude that hashtags and geotagging features play an essential part in helping audiences locate the event.
Defense Spending and Economic Growth:A Theoretical Manifestation for Empirical Studies

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Defense literature is still in need of a theoretical framework in the neoclassical sense, in regard to empirical research on the relationship between defense spending and economic growth. In this respect, Dunne, Smith and Willenbockel (2005), although not without technical problems, represented a breakthrough in the field. In addition, the whole empirical literature following Mankiw, Romer and Weil (1992) is based on the unrealistic assumption that technological progress is identical across countries and constant in time. Recently, Bayraktar-Saglam and Yetkiner (2012) developed a theoretical framework that overcomes the unrealistic assumption of constant and identical rates of technological progress. In this paper, we achieve two things. First, we develop the true growth-defense model, based on Dunne, Smith and Willenbockel (2005). Second, we overcome the general weakness of constant and identical technological progress assumption in empirical growth studies by employing Bayraktar-Saglam and Yetkiner (2012) growth framework. We show that the intensity of defense spending in GDP has both positive and negative effects. In this respect, the theory supports the findings of the empirical literature, which are inconclusive in nature.
A RARE CASE OF TORSION OF WANDERING SPLEEN IN A MULTIPAROUS WOMAN

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Wandering spleen is a rare clinical entity characterized by splenic hypermobility resulting from laxity or maldevelopment of supporting splenic ligaments 1 .Its major complication is splenic torsion, which is a potentially fatal surgical emergency 2 .We present a rare case of wandering spleen with torsion and splenic infarction in a multiparous patient.
Mo(CO)6-Mediated Carbamoylation of Aryl Halides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A simple method for the synthesis of amides has been developed by molybdenum-mediated carbamoylation of aryl halides. Whereas the conventional palladium-catalyzed three-component coupling reaction requires a large excess of gaseous carbon monoxide, the incorporation of carbon monoxide in this Mo-mediated carbamoylation reaction is so efficient that it requires only a slight excess amount of carbon monoxide in the form of its molybdenum complex, Mo(CO)(6). The reaction is applicable for the synthesis of a wide variety of not only secondary and tertiary amides but also primary amides by using aqueous ammonia.
The effect of increased blood pressure on hemispheric lactate and water content during acute cerebral ischaemia in the rat and gerbil.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Infusions of metaraminol and angiotensin were used to test the effect of increased perfusion pressure on tissue metabolism and oedema after induction of regional cerebral ischaemia in the rat and the gerbil. An increase of mean arterial blood pressure of 30-40 mm Hg in the rat over the first 2 hours after diathermy of the middle cerebral artery prevented the 100% rise in hemisphere lactate seen in normotensive control animals. Angiotensin infusion also prevented early hemispheric oedema in this model. In the gerbil, 4 hours after placing a clip on one carotid artery, metaraminol-induced increases in blood pressure had no such protective effect on the metabolic changes or on oedema. When the clip was removed after 3 hours to permit 1 hour of reperfusion, lactate levels returned to normal but the degree of oedema was unchanged. Hypertension in this reperfusion model caused a slight but not statistically significant increase in oedema. The evidence suggests that moderate increases in blood pressure may be protective against the early metabolic sequelae of focal cerebral ischaemia, but there are potential problems with oedema formation. It is argued that a clinical trial should study the potentially beneficial effects of a brief early increase in blood pressure in the acute aftermath of ischaemic stroke.
Wavelet-based prediction method for ground temperature in South Korea

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

지면온도는 중요한 지면의 생물리적 요소 중 하나로써 수치예보 및 기후모델의 입력 및 검증자료로 활용되고 있다. 다양한 응용분야에서 지면온도가 활용됨에 따라 그 중요성이 부각되어 왔으며 보다 정확한 지면온도 예측의 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 웨이블릿 분해 기반의 통계적 예측 모델을 활용하여 서울, 대구, 광주, 울산, 제주의 5개 지역의 일별 지면온도를 예측하였다. 웨이블릿 분해를 통해 얻은 각 성분에 대해 통계적 예측 방법론인 ARIMA, SVR, ANN을 적용하였으며, 이들 방법론을 원자료에 바로 적용한 경우와 예측 성능을 비교하였다. 다양한 예측 성능지표를 통하여 결과를 비교한 결과, 기존의 예측 방법론들에 비해 웨이블릿 분해와 혼합된 방법론들의 성능이 더 나음을 확인하였다. 본 논문의 결과를 바탕으로 웨이블릿 분해를 이용한다면 지면온도를 보다 정확하게 예측할 수 있을 것이며, 이를 통해 수치예보나 농업 분야 등에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.
Metastasis from small cell lung cancer to ovary: A case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) rarely metastasizes to the ovary, and is difficult to diagnose given its overlapping clinical features and histological characteristics with primary ovarian cancer. Since therapies for SCLC and primary ovarian cancer differ, it is important to determine the original site of ovarian lesions. This report describes the differential diagnosis of metastatic from primary ovarian cancer. A 46-year-old Chinese woman with a history of SCLC, confirmed by transbronchial lung biopsy in August 2018, presented with abdominal distension in December 2018. Ultrasound examination and whole abdomen computed tomography showed one mass in each ovary. A provisional diagnosis of ovarian tumor was given. A palliative total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed; and three postoperative courses of chemotherapies. The patient died from multiple organ failure in May 2019. Metastatic ovarian cancer from SCLC was determined based on characteristic histological and immunohistochemical staining.
The Admissibility of Human Rights Petitions:The Case Law of the European Commission of Human Rights and the Human Rights Committee

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

1: Introduction. 1.1. The Growing Caseload. 1.2. Possible Ways to Deal with the Caseload. 1.3. The Structure of the Present Study. 2: Procedure. 2.1. Consideration of Communications by the HRC. 2.2. Examination of Applications by the European Commission. 2.3. Appraisal. 3: Competence rationae personae. 3.1. Standing: Individuals, Groups and Organisations. 3.2. Standing: the Victim Requirement. 3.3. Third Party Involvement. 3.4. State Responsibility. 3.5. Appraisal. 4: Competence rationae temporis. 4.1. Introduction. 4.2. Events Prior to the Entry into Force of the Treaty. 4.3. Continuing Violation. 4.4. The Retroactive Effect of Jurisdictional Clauses. 4.5. Appraisal. 5: Inadmissibility Related to the Merits. 5.1. Introduction. 5.2. Incompatible ratione materiae. 5.3. The Allegations are not Substantiated. 5.4. No Appearance of a Violation. 5.5. No Fourth Instance. 5.6. Appraisal. 6: Anonymous and Abusive Complaints. 6.1. Anonymous Complaints. 6.2. An Abuse of the Right of Submission. 6.3. Appraisal. 7: Simultaneous Examination under Another International Procedure. 7.1. The HRC. 7.2. The Commission. 7.3. Appraisal. 8: Exhaustion of Domestic Remedies. 8.1. General. 8.2. The Nature of the Remedies which Have to be Exhausted. 8.3. The Way in which Remedies Have to be Exhausted. 8.4. Special Circumstances which might Absolve the Petitioner from Exhausting the Domestic Remedies. 8.5. The Six Months Rule. 8.6. Appraisal. 9: Conclusions. 9.1. The Results of the Research. 9.2. The Way Forward. 9.3. Discretionary Review: Deciding which Cases to Decide. Selected Bibliography. Index.