jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Evolution of Azerbaijani Dance in the Study of Afag Husseinova: A Practical Guide for a Quick Immersion in the Subject

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article analyses Afag Husseinova’s book “The Evolution of Azerbaijani Dance,” which represents a substantial contribution to the field of study. The research encompasses the origins, historical evolution, and contemporary practices of Azerbaijani dance art. Assessing the impact of this work on the choreology of Azerbaijan necessitated not only a content analysis of the book but also an examination of the context, including a review of scholarly sources on this and related topics accessible to contemporary researchers. An expeditious examination of the historiography of Azerbaijani dance disclosed a lack of comprehensive research in this domain, thereby highlighting the significance of A. Husseinova’s contributions.The book delineates the history of Azerbaijani dance into three distinct periods: prehistoric, mediaeval, and modern. The analytical sources comprise petroglyphs, medieval manuscripts, miniatures, and contemporary ethnochoreological data. The author delineates the relationship between traditional dance forms and contemporary Azerbaijani ballet. A. Husseinova meticulously analyses the origins of Azerbaijani dance, encompassing folklore traditions, mugham, the art of ashugs, and the impact of Russian and Western ballet schools. She examines the progression of the yalli circle dance from the Paleolithic Gobustan petroglyphs to contemporary ballet performances. Special emphasis is placed on the impact of medieval miniatures as a source for understanding the evolution of dance traditions. The study categorizes folk dances and emphasizes their ritualistic, matrimonial, quotidian, and additional roles. The primary benefit of the book is its linguistic accessibility and concise presentation, enabling rapid immersion in the subject matter. Critical comments and suggestions include the lack of appendices containing a glossary of terms, a bibliography of Azerbaijani dance, and a list of the most significant figures. Furthermore, should the author intend to produce an expanded edition, the book could be supplemented with multimedia materials under contemporary circumstances. A. Husseinova’s book makes a substantial contribution to Azerbaijani choreology by revealing the principal facets of country’s choreography and dance art. The publication will serve as a pedagogical resource for student choreographers and musicians, as well as for scholars engaged in cross-cultural and interdisciplinary research. It facilitates the dissemination and comprehensive examination of Azerbaijani dance as a distinctive phenomenon within global art.
SURGICAL MANPOWER IN NEW SOUTH WALES

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A series of surveys of general surgeons in the State of New South Wales is reported. Each five years the number of general surgeons entering practice has been proportionately greater than population growth, and has also been proportionally greater than that of other surgical specialities. The speciality is not growing and is so saturated that almost half the general surgeons are engaged in general practice. It is suggested that the number of training posts be reduced to a level near that required to satisfy the requirement of our community for replacement of those leaving practice.
Relocating the cinema in the city

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter seeks to reconsider the means through which the cinema goes along with the city. In what follows, the key point of their association is no longer how films show the urban but rather how they are part of it. Film studies have conceived too narrowly the concrete materiality that connects both realms, often restricting inquiry into cinematic effects to "considerations of individual subjectivity, consciousness and filmic form" (Pratt and San Juan 2014, 5). Reception and places of exhibition are minor issues in the literature of the field; moreover, the spaces examined are usually too generic (the movie theatre, the art gallery, the internet, etc.) and are considered apart from any socio-atmospheric features or "the film on view" (5). Thus, exploring how the cinema exists and shelters collective modes of existence within an urban territory is still an unaddressed area of study, and one that requires, too, an account of how the filmic apparatus comes to matter (in the sense of both becoming meaningful and becoming material). This means focusing on the shape that screening technologies and practices take when remaking the city and setting in motion an urban politics of attention, pleasure and friendship (Amin and Thrift 2002).
Excitation of guided waves of grounded dielectric slab by a THz plane wave scattered from finite number of embedded graphene strips: Singular integral equation analysis

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The scattering and absorption of the H‐polarised wave by a finite number of graphene strips embedded into a grounded dielectric slab is considered in the terahertz frequency range. The rigorous and efficient method of singular integral equations is used here. The discretisation is based on the convergent meshless Nystrom‐type algorithm. Graphene is modelled as a zero thickness layer with a complex conductivity obtained from the Kubo formalism. Dependences of the total scattering cross section, including the part that is associated with dielectric slab guided waves, and absorption cross section as well as near field patterns are studied. The behaviour of the scattering and absorption characteristics is explained in terms of resonances on the natural modes supported by the studied structure. Special attention is paid to the excitation of the dielectric waveguide eigenwaves near the grating‐mode resonances.
Abstract 3327: N-terminal domain of Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase I (Tdp1) is critical for its cellular function.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase I (Tdp1) is a highly conserved eukaryotic DNA repair enzyme that catalyzes the resolution of 3’ and 5’ phospho-DNA adducts. Tdp1 has been implicated in the repair of DNA topoisomerase I (Top1)-DNA covalent complexes reversibly stabilized by camptothecins (CPTs) such as the FDA approved CPT derivatives topotecan and irinotecan. Tdp1 contains two HKD-motifs that provide two catalytic histidines that function as a nucleophile and an acid-base residue. A mutation of the acid-base His to Arg (H493R) in human Tdp1 is associated with the rare recessive ataxia SCAN1. hTdp1H493R and the analogous yeast mutant (Tdp1H432R) enhances cell sensitivity to CPT. In addition, the toxicity induced by this mutant is caused by the formation of a more stable Tdp1-DNA covalent intermediate, a rare characteristic for a DNA repair enzyme. However, this His to Arg substitution induces a minor toxic phenotype compared to other substitutions, such as the His432 to Asn substitution, which induces a Top1 dependent cellular lethality. A band depletion assay suggests that in vivo/cell Tdp1His432Asn remains in complex with Top1 on the DNA, which was not observed in a biochemical in vitro assay. Biochemical studies revealed that Tdp1 catalysis is independent of the N-terminal domain. Among Tdp1 proteins, the N-terminal domain is poorly conserved in sequence and size (∼80aa for yeast and 140aa for human Tdp1). We investigated the role of the N-terminal domain for Tdp1 activity in the cell. The N-terminal truncated proteins showed similar cellular distribution as the full-length proteins. Interestingly, the N-terminal truncated proteins did not display the toxicity that was observed with the full-length Tdp1 mutant proteins. This suggests that the N-terminal domain is a critical determinate of Tdp1 cellular function. Preliminary results from our human cell line model shows similar results implying that the function of the N-terminal domain is conserved among Tdp1 proteins although it is poorly conserved. Further studies are necessary to ensure that these constructs are properly distributed. Moreover, the N-terminal domain of hTdp1 is post-translational modified, while our preliminary results suggest that this domain is important for protein-protein interaction and Tdp1 recruitment to its substrates. Understanding Tdp1 substrate and protein-interactions are important in the development of Tdp1 as therapeutic target. This work is in part supported by the ADDA. Citation Format: Selma M. Cuya, Keith C. Wanzeck, Evan Q. Comeaux, Robert C. van Waardenburg. N-terminal domain of Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase I (Tdp1) is critical for its cellular function. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3327. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3327
Preservation effects on stable isotope ratios and consequences for the reconstruction of energetic pathways

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Stable isotope analysis provides a power- ful tool for describing the energetic pathways in a variety of ecosystems. However, isotope ratios of animal tissues can be altered by preservation methods, potentially leading to biased estimates of energy pathways when they are not taken into account. Here, we investigated the direct preservation effects of formalin, ethanol, NaCl, and drying on the d 13 C and d 15 N of fish muscle tissues, as well as the ultimate effects on the reconstruction of the energy pathways. All preservation methods, except drying, had signifi- cant impacts on d 13 C and d 15 N values. The effects of preservation appear to be highly taxa-specific and no significant time-dependent variations in nearly 2-year duration of preservation. d 13 C and d 15 N values were generally changed dramatically within the early stage of the preservation process and became stable over a relatively long-term preservation. Using an isotopic balance mixing model, the isotope-based food web reconstruction reveals that, without preservation cor- rection, the importance of the pelagic energetic pathways for the fishes could be misestimated, except for the drying preservation. These results highlight that preservation can bias the interpretation of food web reconstruction results.
Optimal allocation of higher education resources based on fuzzy particle swarm optimization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The development concept of higher education will have a direct impact on the development direction of higher education, because the concept usually reflects people's understanding of the law of higher education, and the current education concept restricts the scale, quality, structure and efficiency of higher education to a certain extent. Throughout the evolution of the world's higher education development concept, it has generally experienced the overall coordination of the economic growth, the internal and external laws, and the people-centered sustainable development. This paper hopes to provide effective help by joint intelligent algorithms. In this paper, the particle swarm optimization algorithm in intelligent optimization algorithm and the FCM algorithm in cluster analysis are studied in depth, and the two are merged together to propose a fuzzy clustering algorithm based on improved particle swarm optimization algorithm. The main research contents of this thesis include: Firstly, the PSO algorithm is improved, and the random search step levy flights and PSO algorithm are repeatedly called by the iterative mode by introducing the eagle strategy. After improvement, the ESPSO algorithm can achieve a balance between global search and local development, and make the particles have more satisfactory search ability and convergence effect. Then the improved PSO algorithm is integrated into the FCM algorithm to solve the above problems of the FCM clustering algorithm and improve the clustering effect. The experimental results show that the improved espso algorithm and FCM algorithm are suitable for actual data. The simulation results show that the algorithm has better clustering effect than the traditional clustering algorithm.
Organizational and Functional Status of the Y-linked Genes and Loci in the Infertile Patients Having Normal

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Male fertility is an orchestrated interplay of loci on the Y chromosome with a number of genes from across the other chromosomes. In this context, micro-deletions in the Y chromosome have been correlated with spermatogenic failure often leading to infertility. However, causes of infertility in the patients with the normal spermiogram have remained unclear and therefore pose another level of challenge. In the present study, we analyzed 64 STSs, studied different Y-linked genes and loci and conducted single nucleotide variant (SNV) analyses in 31 infertile males with normal spermiogram along with 67 normal fertile males (NFMs) to gain an insight into the organization of their Y chromosome. Further, employing quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), we studied copy number variation of DYZ1 arrays and three genes and mutational status of SRY by direct sequence analyses. STS analyses of the AZFa, b and c regions in these patients showed known and new mutations. Further, copies of DAZ and BPY2 in the patients were found to be affected (pv0:001) compared to those in NFMs. All the patients had normal copy number of the SRY however its sequence analysis (in silico) showed mutations in eight patients. In four of these eight patients, SRY mutations resulted into truncated proteins. Similarly, DYZ1 analysis showed micro-deletions and it’s much reduced copy number (pv0:001) as compared to those in NFMs. Present study in males with unexplained infertility revealed deletions similar to those observed in oligospermic and azoospermic patients. Thus, there are some common but still unknown factors underlying infertility in these patients irrespective of their spermatogenic status. This
Rice seedling-raising techniques by factorized cultivation for machinery transplanting in early cropping season

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The cost of factorized raising rice seedlings for machinery transplanting was 112 RMB Yuan per 667 m2 and lower than traditional method by 50 ~ 60 RMB Yuan.This paper summarized rice seedling-raising techniques by factorized cultivation for machinery transplanting in early cropping season.
Learning from Failure: Predicting Electronic Structure Calculation Outcomes with Machine Learning Models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

High-throughput computational screening for chemical discovery mandates the automated and unsupervised simulation of thousands of new molecules and materials. In challenging materials spaces, such as open shell transition metal chemistry, characterization requires time-consuming first-principles simulation that often necessitates human intervention. These calculations can frequently lead to a null result, e.g., the calculation does not converge or the molecule does not stay intact during a geometry optimization. To overcome this challenge toward realizing fully automated chemical discovery in transition metal chemistry, we have developed the first machine learning models that predict the likelihood of successful simulation outcomes. We train support vector machine and artificial neural network classifiers to predict simulation outcomes (i.e., geometry optimization result and degree of deviation) for a chosen electronic structure method based on chemical composition. For these static models, we achieve an area under the curve of at least 0.95, minimizing computational time spent on non- productive simulations and therefore enabling efficient chemical space exploration. We introduce a metric of model uncertainty based on the distribution of points in the latent space to systematically improve model prediction confidence. In a complementary approach, we train a convolutional neural network classification model on simulation output electronic and geometric structure time series data. This dynamic model generalizes more readily than the static classifier by becoming more predictive as input simulation length increases. Finally, we describe approaches for using these models to enable autonomous job control in transition metal complex discovery.
[Fractures of the scapula and injuries of the acromioclavicular joint. The traumatized shoulder and its sequelae].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fractures of the scapula are rare and mainly result from a severe direct trauma. Most fractures may be treated non-operatively, only severely displaced and unstable fractures of the neck and/or the clavicula, unstable intraarticular fractures of the glenoid or open fractures (especially in combination with neurovascular lesions) should be fixed operatively. A dislocated fracture of the clavicula or glenoid should be approached first ventrally. Displaced fractures of the neck and body may also require an open reduction and fixation through a dorsal approach. Careful preoperative planning and anatomical studies are required to prevent intraoperative damage of innervation and vascularization. Cannulated single screws, 1/3 tubular plates or 3.5 LC-DC plates are recommended for the stable fixation of the scapula, whereas a Bosworth screw or a hook plate are helpful to stabilize the lateral clavicula and the acromioclavicular joint. Postoperative treatment: Temporary immobilization in a Gilchrist or Desault bandage for about 3 to 4 days thereafter careful passive and active mobilization.
Owner–Contractor Work Structures: Process Approach

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper describes a process to assist project managers, within owner companies, define work relationships between owners and their contractors for capital project development, and execution. The owner–contractor work structure process was developed by the Construction Industry Institute as a step-by-step process for making rational decisions about the most appropriate owner–contractor work structure for capital projects. A work structure is described by a set of project competencies and the extent of involvement of the owner and contractor in performing, leading, and/or providing input with respect to those project competencies. The process is described using a formal process modeling technique. Three case studies, conducted to validate the owner–contractor work structure process, are discussed. The results from these case studies suggested some basic changes to the process that would enhance its use in practice. A modified owner–contractor work structure process is then presented.
Magnetically induced decomposition in Co-Cr thin-film and bulk alloys

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

It has been reported in recent years that composition modulations on a ten nanometer scale with unknown origin occur in Co-Cr alloy thin films. In the present investigation, we intend to analyze the origin of these concentration modulations. Sputtered thin films as well as bulk samples both with compositions of about 20 at. % Cr were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and by field-ion microscopy equipped with atomic-probe mass spectrometry. The experimental results show that composition modulations are present in both types of alloys, with the concentration varying between 8 and 40 at. % Cr. The length scale of the composition modulations is approximately 10 and 40 nm for the thin film and the bulk samples, respectively. The results are interpreted in terms of the thermodynamics and kinetics of the system. Calculations of the thermodynamic functions of the system show that at high Co concentrations, the occurrence of magnetism leads to a downwards curvature of the Gibbs energy vs concentration curves. As a result of this magnetic stabilization at Co-rich concentrations, a metastable miscibility gap occurs that explains the tendency for phase separation into ferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases. The diffusivity of the system was examined using multilayer thin-film diffusion couples, and the results indicate that grain-boundary diffusion is responsible for the fast decomposition process observed. It is concluded that decomposition takes place by a discontinuous precipitation process that starts from grain boundaries.
[Comparison of the symptoms of overactive bladder in women with mixed urinary incontinence and idiopathic urge urinary incontinence.]

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There is a significant difference in the clinical and urodynamic parameters between patients with MUI and pure UUI. The urgency in patients with pure UUI could be related to overactive detrusor. It is probable that many patients with MUI just have pure SUI which could lead to positive effects in the outcomes of anti-incontinence surgery.
Identification of Antioxidant Peptides Derived from Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Skin and Their Mechanism of Action by Molecular Docking

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Antioxidants, which can activate the body’s antioxidant defence system and reduce oxidative stress damage, are important for maintaining free radical homeostasis between oxidative damage and antioxidant defence. Six antioxidant peptides (P1–P6) were isolated and identified from the enzymatic hydrolysate of tilapia skin by ultrafiltration, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Moreover, the scavenging mechanism of the identified peptides against DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2-azido-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) was studied by molecular docking. It was found that Pro, Ala and Tyr were the characteristic amino acids for scavenging free radicals, and hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions were the main interactions between the free radicals and antioxidant peptides. Among them, the peptide KAPDPGPGPM exhibited the highest DPPH free radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 2.56 ± 0.15 mg/mL), in which the hydrogen bond between the free radical DDPH and Thr-6 was identified as the main interaction, and the hydrophobic interactions between the free radical DDPH and Ala, Gly and Pro were also identified. The peptide GGYDEY presented the highest scavenging activity against ABTS (IC50 = 9.14 ± 0.08 mg/mL). The key structures for the interaction of this peptide with the free radical ABTS were identified as Gly-1 and Glu-5 (hydrogen bond sites), and the amino acids Tyr and Asp provided hydrophobic interactions. Furthermore, it was determined that the screened peptides are suitable for applications as antioxidants in the food industry, exhibit good water solubility and stability, are likely nonallergenic and are nontoxic. In summary, the results of this study provide a theoretical structural basis for examining the mechanism of action of antioxidant peptides and the application of enzymatic hydrolysates from tilapia skin.
[Analysis of a family affected with familial male-limited precocious puberty due to a Ala568Val mutation in LHCGR gene].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A novel point mutation of the LHCGR gene has been identified in a family affected with FMPP. The c.1703C>T mutant LHCGR was confirmed to be constitutively active, which has led to maturation and proliferation of Leydig cells. The variable phenotype within the family suggested variable expressivity of the disease.