jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Panic Disorder Diagnoses After Celebrity Disclosures of Panic Disorder in South Korea

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Importance The persistent stigma associated with mental health conditions is a major challenge worldwide. Celebrities may improve this by openly discussing their own mental health issues, potentially influencing public attitudes and encouraging individuals to seek treatment for these conditions. Objective To evaluate the impact of celebrity mental health disclosures on the incidence and prevalence of panic disorder diagnosis in South Korea. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study included the entire South Korean population from January 2004 to December 2021, as reflected in the National Health Insurance Service data. Analysis was conducted from May 2022 through January 2024. Exposure Time periods analyzed included the timeframe before (from January 2004 to December 2010) and after the public disclosures of panic disorder by 3 high-profile Korean celebrities between December 2010 and January 2012 (from January 2011 to December 2021). Main Outcomes and Measures Monthly incidence and prevalence of panic disorder, defined by the presence of a clinical diagnosis of the condition. Trends were assessed using interrupted time series analysis with autoregressive integrated moving average models. To assess public interest in panic disorder, trends in search data were analyzed, examining the association between the timing of increased searches and changes in the incidence and prevalence of panic disorder. Data on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) were included as a control. Results The study covered the entire population of South Korea, including 48 559 946 individuals in January 2004 and 52 593 886 individuals in December 2021. Before 2011, the mean (SD) annual prevalence of panic disorder was stable at 560 (140) persons per 100 000 persons per year. The celebrity disclosure in December 2010 was associated with higher monthly incidence rates of panic disorder, as measured by insurance claims data, changes that were observed in both the level (5.8 persons; 95% CI, 2.2-9.5 persons) and slope (0.78 persons per month; 95% CI, 0.19-1.40 persons per month) per 100 000 persons. By 2021, the observed annual prevalence per 100 000 persons reached 7530 persons, an increase of 775.6% compared with the 860 persons (95% CI, 330-1400 persons) estimated if the disclosures had not occurred. Internet searches anticipated changes in monthly prevalence with a lag of 2 or 3 months (F = 4.26, P = .02 and F = 3.11, P = .03, respectively). The celebrity disclosures had no significant association with the incidence or prevalence of OCD. Conclusions and Relevance In this observational cohort study, celebrity disclosure of mental health conditions was associated with a sustained reduction in stigma, as reflected in increased help-seeking behavior for the condition over more than a decade. This underscores the influential role celebrities can play in shaping public health perceptions and behaviors, offering valuable insights for the development of future mental health policies and public awareness campaigns.
Multi-Barrier Borehole Canister Designs for a Tuff Repository

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Initial dimensions are presented for proposed multi-barrier spent fuel borehole canisters using coated shells combined with sacrificial anodes and alkaline, oxide barriers to adjust potential and pH of the exterior shell into thermodynamically passive or immune regions of the Pourbaix diagram. Configuration of the 3 PWR canister is similar to the 1983 Site Characterization Project (SCP) borehole design. Canister dimensions were determined by using material performance data to calculate wall thickness, criticality, and sacrificial anode life. For the 3-PWR canister. Incoloy 825 is the preferred exterior canister shell material; copper-nickel alloy CDA 715 is the preferred interior canister shell material. High-lime concrete or alumina is preferred for the alkaline filler. Magnesium alloy is the preferred sacrificial anode material. Coating the canister exterior would be necessary to reduce corrosion current density to the point where a 10,000 year design life is possible. A 1 PWR canister has lower mass, thinner walls and lower criticality than the 3 PWR design. Equilibrium calculations for the historical average composition of J-13 water using the aquatic chemical speciation program WQ4F show positive saturation indices for several minerals, indicating potential for deposition on the canister exterior over long time periods. Uniform deposition could reduce corrosion rate by hindering transport of corrosion products from the canister surface. If deposition is non-uniform, local corrosion could increase through development of differential oxygen concentration cells
Essential oil extracted from erythrina corallodendron L. leaves inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Erythrina corallodendron L., a kind of landscape tree, has long been used as a traditional medicine. In this study, the composition of essential oil extracted from the leaves was analysed by GC-MS (gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer), with linalool identified as the main compound. Its cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and HMLE cells was examined by MTT and cloning assays. Transwell and wound-healing assays were used to examine the inhibition of migration and invasion. Western blot, qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining were used to measure the mRNA and protein expression of factors related to EMT (snail, slug, E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin). The essential oil of Erythrina corallodendron leaves was found to inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. The findings of this study suggest that the essential oil of E. corallodendron leaves may merit further investigation as a potential clinical or adjuvant drug for treating breast cancer migration and invasion.
Additives Affect Deoxynivalenol (Vomi toxin) Flour during Breadbaking

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The effects of oxidizing (potassium bromate and L‐ascorbic acid) and reducing (sodium bisulfite and L‐cysteine) agents, and ammonium phosphate, at varying levels, on deoxynivalenol (DON; vomitoxin: 3,7,15‐trihydroxy‐12,13‐epoxytrichothec‐9 en‐8 one) in whole wheat flour were investigated during breadbaking. Baking of flour containing 3.13 μg/g DON brought about 7.0% toxin reduction in bread. Sodium bisulfite (25 and 50 μg/g) L‐cysteine (10, 40, and 90 μg/g and ammonium phosphate (1,000 μg/g) were moderately effective in reducing DON level in bread (38.0 to 46.0% ). Potassium bromate (25 and 75 μg/g) and L‐ascorbic acid (50 μg/g) had no effect.
Adolescents' Extracurricular Participation in Context: The Mediating Effects of Schools, Communities, and Identity

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

To understand the meaning of high school students' participation in extracurricular activities, it is important to account for social contexts as influences on development. This study investigated how school and community contexts relate to associations among high school students' extracurricular participation, academic achievement, and educational ambition. On the basis of survey data from the Alfred P. Sloan Study of Youth and Social Development, the results show that participation in sports is most strongly associated with achievement in schools with low educational expectations and schools in poor communities. Participation in non-sports extracurricular activities, while also demonstrating some contextual variation, is more consistently associated with both higher academic achievement and higher educational expectations across types of communities than is participation in sports. A further examination of these associations suggests that having an athletic identity accounts for much of the variation in the value of sports. Thus, identity can help to explain the finding that social contexts differentially influence developmental outcomes associated with participation in extracurricular activities
The Role of Staphylococcal Protein A (SPA) in the Virulence of Staphylococcus aureus Infections.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Staphylococcus aureus infections have spread globally and caused significant morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have indicated several functions that Staphylococcal Protein A (SPA) plays to enhance S. aureus virulence. To evaluate the role of SPA in S. aureus with respect to virulence and other biological functions, the chimeric clones were constructed by replacing the spa gene of a high-virulence S. aureus strain with the spa from a non/low-virulence strain, and vice versa. Three representative MRSA strains, a high-virulence CA-MRSA strain USA300 (spa t008), a typically low-virulence hospital-associated MRSA strain CMRSA6 (spa t037) and an avirulent colonization strain M92 (non-typeable spa) with different genetic backgrounds (ST8, ST239 and ST239, respectively) were selected. Expression of the spa gene was confirmed by western blot. The chimeric clone was evaluated by its growth curve, immunoglobulin (IgG) binding capacity, biofilm formation, and virulence using the Caenorhabditis elegans nematode infection model, and compared with the wild type (WT) donor strains. The chimeric clone USA300spa▲:: CMRSA6 spa, which had the background of a high virulence strain USA300 with the native spa gene being replaced by the spa gene of a low virulence strain CMRSA6, showed a slower growth rate, and a significantly decreased SPA expression with a 24-fold dramatic reduction in SPA IgG-Fc binding capacity. There was a 3.4-fold increase in the biofilm formation and a 62% reduction in the nematocidal activity, when compared to the parent strain WT-USA300. The other two opposite chimeric clones (M92 spa▲::USA300 spa and M92spa▲::CMRSA6spa) were constructed from an avirulent colonization strain M92, with the native spa gene being replaced with the spa genes of a high virulence strain USA300 and a low virulence strain CMRSA6, respectively. Both chimeric clones (M92 spa▲::USA300 spa and M92spa▲::CMRSA6spa) showed slight changes in growth rates, significantly increased SPA expression with 1.6- and 0.7-fold increase in SPA IgG-Fc binding capacity, respectively. No significant change was observed in the biofilm formation and the nematocidal activity of both chimeric clones when compared to the parent strain WT-M92. In conclusion, replacing the spa gene of S. aureus strain altered its biological characteristics, behavior and virulence. This study resultssuggests that spa plays an important role in the virulence and pathogenicity of S. aureus infections.
Modelling of a Discrete Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) System for Fuel Consumption Evaluation - Part 2: Modelling Results

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Variable Compression Ratio systems are an increasingly attractive solution for car manufacturers in order to reduce vehicle fuel consumption. By having the capability to operate with a range of compression ratios, engine efficiency can be significantly increased by operating with a high compression ratio at low loads, where the engine is normally not knock-limited, and with a low compression ratio at high load, where the engine is more prone to knock. In this way, engine efficiency can be maximized without sacrificing performance. This study aims to analyze how the effectiveness of a VCR system is affected by various powertrain and vehicle parameters. By using a Matlab model of a VCR system developed in Part 1 of this work, the influence of the vehicle characteristics, the drive cycle, and of the number of stages used in the VCR system was studied. This model takes as inputs: a switching time for the VCR system, the vehicle characteristics, the engine performance maps corresponding to the distinct compression ratios utilized and a vehicle drive cycle.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The impact of the vehicle characteristics were evaluated by analyzing four vehicles, each belonging to a different segment, but all equipped with the same base engine. Separately, the influence of vehicle mass and final drive ratio were also analyzed. Simulations were run on five different drive cycles from the EPA and European Commission including the FTP-75, HWFET, US06, NEDC, and WLTP, in order to assess the role of the drive cycle characteristics on VCR performance. Finally, the possible advantages coming from the usage of a 3-stage VCR system were evaluated. Results showed that effectiveness of the VCR system was increased under lower power demand conditions where a higher compression ratio could be utilized over a wider range of the drive cycle. Thus, lighter vehicles and drive cycles with milder accelerations and lower vehicle speeds are more suitable for this type of system. Additionally, a 3-stage VCR system is more effective in terms of increasing fuel economy than a 2-stage VCR system, and the VCR system should be designed with a large enough range in compression ratio to maximize its effectiveness.</div></div>
Infrared Spectra of Chlorinated Ethylene Cations:  C2Cl4+, C2HCl3+, 1,1-C2H2Cl2+, and trans-C2H2Cl2+ in Solid Argon

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Infrared spectra of chlorinated ethylene cations: C2Cl4+, C2HCl3+, 1,1-C2H2Cl2+, and trans-C2H2Cl2+ isolated in solid argon are presented. These cations were produced by co-deposition of chlorinated ethylene/Ar mixtures with high-frequency-discharged Ar at 4 K. Photosensitive absorptions are assigned to different vibrational modes of the cations on the basis of observed chlorine isotopic shifts and quantum chemical frequency calculations. With the removal of one electron from the HOMO of chlorinated ethylene neutrals that is C=C bonding and C-Cl antibonding in character, the observed C-Cl stretching vibrational frequencies of the cations are blue-shifted relative to those of the chlorinated ethylene neutrals. The results also show that the cations can be regarded as "isolated" with the vibrational frequencies only slightly shifted when compared to the available gas-phase values.
Yet another software quality and productivity modeling-YAQUAPMO

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A modeling technique is proposed that uses weight functions to define factors of quality or productivity in terms of evaluation factors. As a result, an acyclic decomposition graph is obtained. Quality or productivity is then defined as the distance between the actual graph and a required graph. An assessment technique is proposed that permits decompositions of any reasonable depth. It is shown how specific models are to be generated by a set of elementary production rules. The approach proposed is also applicable to modeling cost or volume estimations.< >
Material characterization and fabrication of compound semiconductor X-ray detectors

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this thesis, dislocations and other crystal defects of compound semiconductor materials were characterized by synchrotron radiation X-ray topography (SR-XRT) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).Crystal defects in GaAs structures grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy were characterized. GaAs diode components were processed of epitaxial p-i-n structures. The response of the diode components was measured with fluorescent X-ray photons. Results of SR-XRT measurements were compared to the electrical characteristics of GaAs detector diodes. \nMedipix2 read-out circuit compatible GaAs sensor was processed of epitaxial GaAs wafer. The sensor was bump bonded to the Medipix2 read-out circuit. The response of the manufactured radiation detector was measured with fluorescent photons. \nGaAs/Ge detector diodes were processed of epitaxial GaAs/Ge structures. Electrical characterization was performed for the GaAs/Ge structures. Crystal defects of GaAs layers grown on high purity germanium substrate were characterized. It was found that the crystal defect density was low in best samples, however, it was observed that arsenic diffusion in germanium substrate dominates the electrical characteristics of the structure and thus the structure can't be used for radiation detector purposes. \nCrystal defects of TlBr crystals were measured with SR-XRT. Radiation detector components were processed of the TlBr crystals and current-voltage characteristics were measured. \nThe information about crystal defects, which was acquired in this study, can be used to better understand electrical characteristics and performance of various compound semiconductor detector structures.
[Effect of brief papillary muscle stretch on 2 contraction components in the presence of noradrenaline in guinea pigs].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In isolated guinea-pig papillary muscles perfused with Tyrode's solution, quick stretching did not affect the isotonic contraction when applied at its fast shortening phase, and accelerated the relaxation if the stretching coincided with the later phases of the contractile response. In presence of noradrenaline the contraction revealed two components. The amplitude of the 1st component was augmented whereas its time to peak did not change when the stimulation frequency had been increased. The amplitude of the 2nd component and its time to peak both diminished at the increase of the stimulation frequency. The changes of time to peak were always closely related to the changes of the AP duration. The 1st contraction component seems to be calcium release from sarcoplasmatic reticulum whereas the 2nd component is determined by the AP duration.
Relative age effects in developmental women's rugby in Canada

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Registration cut-off dates, initially intended to promote equity and fair play, have had the unintended consequence of creating selection and participation inequalities known as relative age effects (RAEs). While RAEs exist in men's rugby from beginner to professional leagues (Till et al., 2010), recent work by Lemez et al. (2011) suggests that RAEs do not exist in women's World Cup rugby. However, no research has examined women's rugby at the developmental, provincial level. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of RAEs in junior and senior women's provinical level rugby in Canada. Player data (range: Under-8 to Under-21 years) was collected for all provinces from Rugby Canada. Each player birth date was categorized into a quartile based on the respective registration cut-off date. Using chi-square analysis, it was hypothesized that relatively older athletes would be over-represented on each team given the physical demands of rugby. Similar to the World Cup data, there was no evidence of RAEs within any junior or senior age group, suggesting equal distributions of relatively younger and older players on each team. It can be concluded that physical maturation does not play a role in developmental rugby for women in Canada. Results will be discussed with reference to current literature regarding relative age effects in sport. Acknowledgments: Mr. Bob Kreasul, Rugby Canada
Accidental exposure to Brucella abortus vaccines and occupational brucellosis among veterinarians in Minas Gerais state, Brazil

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Brucellosis is an important occupational disease, mainly among veterinarians, because of their frequent contact with sick animals, contaminated secretions and live attenuated anti-Brucella vaccines. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of accidental exposure to S19 and RB51 vaccine strains and occupational brucellosis among veterinarians registered to administer vaccinations in Minas Gerais, Brazil, as well as to identify the risk factors associated with accidental exposure to anti-Brucella abortus vaccines. Data were collected through an online questionnaire. Three hundred and twenty-nine veterinarians were included in the analyses using stratified random sampling. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the predictors of accidental exposure to S19 and RB51 strains. Nearly one third of the veterinarians registered to administer bovine brucellosis vaccination in Minas Gerais, 32.83% (108/329) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 27.78-38.19%), reported having been accidentally exposed to S19 or RB51 vaccine strains. The exposure factors associated with this outcome included a score of personnel protective equipment (PPE) use during work (odds ratio [OR], 0.94; 95% CI: 0.89-0.98) and a score of knowledge about brucellosis symptoms, classified as poor (base category), intermediate (OR, 0.26; 95% CI: 0.07-0.87) or good (OR, 0.22; 95% CI: 0.07-0.62). In addition, 4.56% (15/329) (95% CI: 2.57-7.41%) of veterinarians reported that they had brucellosis, of which 46.67% (7/15) considered that the disease was due to accidental exposure to anti-B. abortus live attenuated vaccine. The prevalence of accidental exposure to B. abortus vaccine strains among veterinarians from Minas Gerais enrolled in the control of bovine brucellosis was high. The reduced knowledge about human brucellosis symptoms and lack of appropriate PPE use were risk factors from unintentional contact with S19 and RB51 vaccine strains.
Schoolhouse Commercialism Leaves Policymakers Behind

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Sixteenth Annual Report on Schoolhouse Commercializing Trends finds that, in a context of fierce corporate opposition to regulation, lack of concern in the education sector about commercialism, and a general assumption by stakeholders that school participation in marketing programs is a constructive way to raise money little state or federal legislation related to school commercialism was signed into law in 2012 or 2013. Advocacy groups within the United States and internationally are, however, increasingly aware of the threats that marketing programs pose to children, especially in the areas of nutrition and privacy. The report outlines the threats that commercializing activities in schools pose to the health and well-being of students and to the integrity of schools’ educational programs, and recommends that policymakers ban them outright unless an independent entity certifies that a proposed commercializing activity will cause no harm to children or otherwise undermine the quality of their education.
P204 Sex undressed: developing a website for young people around sex and body image

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction

Evidence shows that children and young people (CYP) have inter-related issues around self-esteem, body image, sex and relationships. Access to pornography and paucity of sex and relationship education in the UK is exacerbating this problem. We want to develop an online resource for CYP addressing sex and body image, centred around videos from ‘peer educators’ but also containing information and links to other resources.

Aims

To undertake a consultation period with the aim of informing the content and aims of the website.

Methods

Workshops comprising: 1. Introduction of website concept. 2. Card-cluster participatory exercise, ‘what I wish I had known when I was younger’. 3. Feedback.

Results

3 workshops were held, (participants = 19, M11, F8, age 20–30). The concept was well-received and most participants wished to be involved. Concerns were expressed about people’s willingness to speak openly about intimate issues in videos and potential for cultural bias in participation. Card-cluster themes included rejecting the portrayal of sex in pornography, rejecting the portrayal of body image in the media, normalising masturbation, normalising body hair and concepts of consent and the right to enjoy sex. 70% felt clear about the project, and 100% felt included.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate strikingly similar concerns and insecurities that could be amenable to positive role models and educational resources in a youth-friendly website. We recognise the need to engage diverse groups (in terms of race, class, sexuality) to encourage inclusive content and users.