jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Euro area inflation linked debt: An evaluation

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

How would the fiscal burden of Euro area (EA) countries have evolved without the issuance of inflation linked bonds (ILBs)? Could debt management through ILBs have decreased their sovereign debt-to-GDP ratio? By exploiting a new dataset on ILBs and the market value of debt in Germany, France, Italy and Spain in 2014-2022, I calculate the holding period return for investors in both nominal and real debt. Based on the government budget constraint, I conduct simulations that demonstrate the significant first-order effects of debt structure choices. Without ILBs the fiscal burden of the largest EA economies would have decreased by around 1% of GDP but in the case of Italy, it would have increased. Timing was also a relevant factor. Germany effectively controlled the cost of funds by managing its share of real debt, while Spain increased it by issuing ILBs when it was expensive Slight ILB share adjustments could have alleviated their fiscal burden: Germany by 0.9%, France by 3%, Italy by 7%, and Spain by 1.8%.
The Awakened Hindu India: Ayodhya and Gujarat

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The destruction of the Babri Mosque in Ayodhya on December 6, 1992, and the anti-Muslim riots in Gujarat in 2002 are two spectacular events that have been etched into the memory of Hindu nationalists as symbols of the awakened Hindu nation. These are held out as the prime illustrations of the Hindu nationalist awakening. The events are sources of pride because they represent concrete proof that Hindus can "react" against the danger posed by minorities and secularists and "act" as a political community under the guidance of organized Hindutva.KeywordsPersonal InterviewCommunal ViolenceGang RapeHindu CommunityTemple MovementThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
The Effect of Silica on Hydrogen Evolution and Corrosion of Iron in High-Temperature Water

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Corrosion of iron in high-temperature water was investigated by observing pH change and hydrogen liberation from solutions dispersed with fine iron powders of large specific surface area. The observed rapid increases in pH here attributed to the extremely large surface-to-solution ratio. It has found that hydrogen liberation has significantly suppressed by silica, which implies that silica can work as a corrosion inhibitor. It has postulated that corrosion has inhibited by the thin protective layers formed through the silica coordination on iron surface and the subsequent olation reaction among ferrous/ferric ion and hydroxyl ion. The specific amount of silica required for corrosion inhibition was estimated to be 3.9 × 10−10 mol Si/cm2 Fe. Silica also controlled hydrogen evolution or corrosion even under γ-ray irradiation. It was found that dissolved oxygen enhanced the corrosion inhibition by silica in the presence of γ-rays.
The Crisis of Physical Education in the Discourse of Mimicry: Ukrainian and Global Contexts

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This study presents a qualitative analytical approach through a critical analysis of data to critically describe, interpret, and explain the crisis in physical education (PE) in Ukraine and the world. The subject of consideration is the Ukrainian PE curriculum, which must be followed by all teachers when making lesson plans. Among the many different obstacles for Ukrainian PE, the study focused on one of the most important and hidden barriers, which is a kind of multiplier of the crisis – the culture of mimicry. Institutional mimicry is a serious problem that has been poorly analyzed, but it is actually very significant and often causes crises or slows down the progress of PE. Ignoring or failing to understand the factor of mimicry reduces the possibility of escaping a crisis or even makes escape impossible. The results show that the mimicry of PE is at least two-tiered: on the one hand, it is bureaucratic (external), and on the other, it is “internal” (based on tradition). Mimicry in the Ukrainian reality of PE is not advertised, but there is almost no alternative path for development. The constant mimicry of PE in Ukraine has created a paradoxical situation in which scientific expediency yields to politics and eventually leads to a new crisis. The study shows that there is a missing culture of influence on political decisions in Ukraine. Ukrainian PE teachers have a culture of mimicry, not a culture of leadership. The Ukrainian PE curriculum for secondary schools contains contradictions in its theoretical and practical parts.
“Being Bipolar”: A Qualitative Analysis of the Experience of Bipolar Disorder as Described in Internet Blogs

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In the light of debates about the nature of bipolar disorder (BD), the current article presents a thematic analysis of Internet "blogs" by self-identified bipolar sufferers. Extreme and frequent fluctuation of mood was considered the principal feature of BD, along with a broad range of other problems. BD was often invoked as an explanation for life difficulties or lack of achievement, and was mostly regarded as a brain disease. Most bloggers emphasized the importance of drug treatment, along with the self-management techniques. The blogs present a "bipolar identity," which is much broader than traditional definitions, are based on a medicalized model of the disorder, and are connected to the moral function of enabling people to externalize unwanted aspects of the self.
Relevansi Taubat dengan Kesehatan Mental dalam Islam

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to reveal: 1) The concept of repentance according to Sufism (the Sufis) and psychology; 2) The concept of mental health according to western psychology and Sufism; and 3) The relevance of repentance to mental health according to Islam. This research belongs to the type of research (library research), using descriptive qualitative methods, and western psychological theory and the concept of repentance according to the Sufis as a knife of analysis. The findings in this study are: First, repentance according to the Sufis must be carried out solely for the sake of Allah and is determined to leave sins that have been committed in the past and not to repeat them. While repentance in the psychological view is defined as a person's encouragement to always fill himself with positive things and behaviors that direct him to foster peace of mind. Second, mental health in psychology is a psychological condition of a person in adjusting himself to his problems, whether it is within himself or outside himself by showing his abilities. Meanwhile, in Sufism's view, mental health is an ability to control mental functions, so that a good adjustment will be created, between oneself, other people, the environment, the universe or with God. Third, the relevance of repentance and mental health in Islam is the result of the process of cleansing the soul, so a mentally healthy person is a person whose soul is clean. The relationship between mental health and repentance in Islam cannot be separated, because the steps to achieve health can be produced through repentance. Repentance and mental health come from religious teachings. If the two are combined well, they can form a perfect soul, in other words, they can give birth to human beings.
Diverging Paths: How the UN Disability Convention Affects School Reforms in Germany

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities, ratified in Germany in 2008, mandates “inclusive” education. This necessitates profound reforms because the ambitious goals of the Convention challenge the segregated special education systems of the Bundesländer and ultimately stratified schooling as a whole. However, the implementation of inclusive reforms faces serious obstacles. By comparing Schleswig-Holstein and Bavaria, we show how these can be overcome and what role the UN Convention can play in this regard.
Philadelphia County Court of Quarter Sessions and Common Pleas, 1695

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Philadelphia County Court of Quarter Sessions and Common Pleas, 1695 Get access Edwin B. Bronner Edwin B. Bronner Assistant Professor of History Temple University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Legal History, Volume 1, Issue 1, January 1957, Pages 79–95, https://doi.org/10.2307/844408 Published: 01 January 1957
KARAKTERISTIK FISIKOKIMIA DAN SENSORI SNACK BAR AMPAS TAHU DENGAN PENAMBAHAN KACANG BOGOR

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Snack bar is solid food that shaped bar and is a mixture of various dry materials as cereal, nuts, fruits, combined into one with the binders assistance. This study aims to diversify fiber rich food waste based tofu dregs and bambara groundnut. This study uses a Completely Ramdomized Design (CRD) factorial with two factors methods and Completely Ramdomized Design (CRD) of one factors menthods. This study consisted of three stages of that make flour tofu dregs, temperature determination and roasting time and formulation snack bar. Testing used are hardness test used a texture analyzer, hedonic and sensory quality test which attributes are flavor, color, odor and hardness. Furthemore chemical test (moisture content, ash content, carbohydrates, protein, fat) and the dietary fibers also used on the selected sample only. Analysis of the data used is Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) with a duncan further test. Snack bar with temperature and time is snack bar with hardness of 1183.33 gf. The results of chemical test shows that C3 snack bar has 57,18% of carbohydrates, 14.40% of protein, 15,69 fat, 11,62% of water content, 1,1% of ash content, 427 Kcal of calories, and dietary fibers 10,34%.
Effect of cell‐free hemoglobin transfusion and 20‐HETE synthesis inhibition on pial arteriolar diameter during middle cerebral artery occlusion

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Transfusion of cell‐free hemoglobin polymers (Hb) during middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) can decrease infarct volume. Without MCAO, Hb transfusion produces pial arteriolar constriction that is blocked by the 20‐HETE synthesis inhibitor HET0016. We tested whether superfusion of 1 uM HET0016 in a cranial window would augment pial arteriolar dilation after Hb exchange transfusion during MCAO. In anesthetized rats MCAO initially produced 36±10% dilation which subsided to 19±6% dilation at 30 min of MCAO in the MCA border region. Subsequent exchange transfusion with 5% albumin solution resulted in no further change in diameter (22±16% of preischemia at 2h MCAO). In a group with initial dilation of 37±17%, HET0016 superfusion did not attenuate the loss of dilation at 30 min (25±12%) or the level of dilation after albumin transfusion (26±23%). Exchange transfusion of Hb resulted in a greater loss of dilation (4±19% of preischemia at 2h MCAO). Prior superfusion of HET0016 failed to block this loss of dilation (1±13%). Therefore, blunted vasodilation after Hb transfusion may limit efficacy of this O 2 carrier during MCAO. Blunted vasodilation is not dependent on 20‐HETE synthesis. (Supported by NS38684)
INTEGRATING LOCAL COMMUNITIES AND RESOURCES INTO OIL SPILL PLANNING, PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Presently, close to 2 billion tons of oil is transported annually via international marine oil network. The increasing number of ships, especially bigger ones, has brought a sense of heightened concern to countries living in or close to these maritime corridors. Specifically, the concern is that of a major oil spill. The devastation caused by a major spill is always relative - to the amount, oil type, weather conditions, and most especially the area of impact. Coastal communities are especially vulnerable and those that have been hit by large spills, like in the Philippines, have borne the brunt of its force to its livelihood, resources and habitat. And most often than not, especially in remote areas, they are at the frontlines of combating the spill, whether it be clean up or other response strategies. The problem is that local communities are rarely formally integrated into the response planning framework such as in oil spill contingency plans. With more than half the world'S population living along or near the coastline, this is a valuable human resource that is untapped. The Alaska Oil Spill Commission report entitled ‘Spill: the Wreck of the Exxon Valdez’ recognized the vital role of local interests, local knowledge and experience in the response effort and suggested that ‘substantive roles should be given to the affected communities in any response system.’ The aim of this paper is to examine the current practices worldwide through case studies of how local communities are assimilated into the response frameworks and how these best practices can be formulated into practical guidelines that can be implemented effectively.
Multiple Antenna Enhancements for a High Rate CDMA Packet Data System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A High Data Rate (HDR) system has been proposed for providing downlink wireless packet service by using a channel-aware scheduling algorithm to transmit to users in a time-division multiplexed manner. In this paper, we propose using multiple antennas at the transmitter and/or at the receiver to improve performance of an HDR system. We consider the design tradeoffs between scheduling and multi-antenna transmission/detection strategies and investigate the average Shannon capacity throughput as a function of the number of antennas assuming ideal channel estimates and rate feedback. The highest capacities are achieved using multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver. For such systems, the best performance is achieved using a multi-input multi-output capacity-achieving transmission scheme such as BLAST (Bell Labs Layered Space-Time) in which the transmitted signal is coded in space and time, and the receive antennas are used to resolve the spatial interference. In the second part of the paper, we discuss practical transmitter and receiver architectures using BLAST for approaching the theoretical gains promised by the capacity analysis. Because the terminal receivers will be portable devices with limited computational and battery power, we perform a computational complexity analysis of the receiver and make high-level assessments on its feasibility. We conclude that the overall computational requirements are within the reach of current hardware technology.
Smarandache Semirings And Semifields

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we study the notion of Smarandache semirings and semifields and obtain some interesting results about them. We show that not every semiring is a Smarandache semiring. We similarly prove that not every semifield is a
Smarandache semifield. We give several examples to make the concept lucid. Further, we propose an open problem about the existence of Smarandache semiring S of finite order.
PI3Kδ/γ inhibition promotes human CART cell epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming to enhance antitumor cytotoxicity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Current limitations in using chimeric antigen receptor T(CART) cells to treat patients with hematological cancers include limited expansion and persistence in vivo that contribute to cancer relapse. Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have terminally differentiated T cells with an exhausted phenotype and experience low complete response rates after autologous CART therapy. Because PI3K inhibitor therapy is associated with the development of T-cell–mediated autoimmunity, we studied the effects of inhibiting the PI3Kδ and PI3Kγ isoforms during the manufacture of CART cells prepared from patients with CLL. Dual PI3Kδ/γ inhibition normalized CD4/CD8 ratios and maximized the number of CD8+ T-stem cell memory, naive, and central memory T-cells with dose-dependent decreases in expression of the TIM-3 exhaustion marker. CART cells manufactured with duvelisib (Duv-CART cells) showed significantly increased in vitro cytotoxicity against CD19+ CLL targets caused by increased frequencies of CD8+ CART cells. Duv-CART cells had increased expression of the mitochondrial fusion protein MFN2, with an associated increase in the relative content of mitochondria. Duv-CART cells exhibited increased SIRT1 and TCF1/7 expression, which correlated with epigenetic reprograming of Duv-CART cells toward stem-like properties. After transfer to NOG mice engrafted with a human CLL cell line, Duv-CART cells expressing either a CD28 or 41BB costimulatory domain demonstrated significantly increased in vivo expansion of CD8+ CART cells, faster elimination of CLL, and longer persistence. Duv-CART cells significantly enhanced survival of CLL-bearing mice compared with conventionally manufactured CART cells. In summary, exposure of CART to a PI3Kδ/γ inhibitor during manufacturing enriched the CART product for CD8+ CART cells with stem-like qualities and enhanced efficacy in eliminating CLL in vivo.
Design and Evaluation of an Augmented Reality-Based Exergame System to Reduce Fall Risk in the Elderly

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Falls are a major public health concern in today’s aging society. Virtual reality (VR) technology is a promising method for reducing fall risk. However, the absence of representations of the user’s body in a VR environment lessens the spatial sense of presence. In terms of user experience, augmented reality (AR) can provide a higher degree of presence and embodiment than VR. We developed an AR-based exergame system that is specifically designed for the elderly to reduce fall risk. Kinect2.0 was used to capture and generate 3D models of the elderly and immerse them in an interactive virtual environment. The software included three functional modules: fall risk assessment, cognitive–motor intervention (CMI) training, and training feedback. The User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ-S) was used to evaluate user experience. Twenty-five elders were enrolled in the study. It was shown that the average scores for each aspect were: pragmatic quality score (1.652 ± 0.868); hedonic quality score (1.880 ± 0.962); and overall score was 1.776 ± 0.819. The overall score was higher than 0.8, which means that the system exhibited a positive user experience. After comparing the average score in a dataset product of UEQ-S Data Analysis Tool, it was found that the pragmatic quality aspect was categorized as good, while the hedonic quality aspect was categorized as excellent. It revealed a positive evaluation from users.
Dynamics of fluvial and slope processes in the changing geomorphic environment of singapore

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The nature and rates of fluvial and slope processes change over time and space as urbanized areas replace forested land in Singapore. Storm‐based and time‐based data, from undisturbed rainforests, heavily disturbed construction sites, urban grass‐covered slopes and an experimental plot, are collected to observe the impact of rainwater on the soil moisture conditions, surface microtopography, runoff generation, sediment movement, and ground lowering in the three different categories of land use. The undisturbed forested environment is characterized by high throughfall (58% of total rainfall) and frequent negative soil moisture suctions. The slow and unconcentrated overland flow during heavy storms is restricted by the forest floor microtopography. No rills develop. Ground lowering is recorded as 3·2–3·4 mm a −1 . But sediment movement is episodic and suspended sediment concentrations in overland flow are 172–222 mg l −1 . During urban construction, gully development is rapid on the bare slopes, runoff generation, voluminous, and sediment‐laden discharges (5200–75498 mg l −1 ) lead to sediment plumes at channel mouths. Ground lowering rates are measured at 132·4 mm a −1 . Once grass‐covered, runoff carries less suspended sediment (800 mg l −1 ) and ground lowering rates are reduced, but depend on the condition of the cover, ranging from 0·2 to 8·2 mm a −1 . As urban development continues, environments are altered both in time as well as spatially.
Integrated RF photonic oscillators based on monolithic crystalline resonators

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report on our recent experiments involving tight packaging of RF photonic oscillators based on optical Kerr frequency combs generated in nonlinear optical microresonators. The devices with volume not exceeding one cubic centimeter characterized with phase noise approaching -120 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz frequency offset are demonstrated at 26 GHz and 28 GHz. Possibilities of tuning the oscillators with a piezo-actuator are discussed.
NEWLY DISCOVERED SOURCE SHEDS LIGHT ON LATE MING FACTION: READING LI SANCAI'SFL! HUAI MAO CAO

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Students of late Ming dynasty political history have long been tantalized by the “Li San-ts'ai” entry in the Dictionary of Ming Biography. In it, E-tu Zen Sun wrote that Li's collected works, the Cao fu xiao cao, were “reported to be still extant” (Zen Sun 1976, 849). For the present writer, this one phrase launched a thousand inquiries, as I endeavored to track down any source that would help me better understand the enigmatic Li Sancai (d. 1623), who figured prominently in the factionalism of the late Ming. In fact, I was (and still am) convinced that understanding Li Sancai would enable a significant reinterpretation of late Ming factional history, because Li offers the key to a fuller understanding of the best known late Ming faction: the Donglin.
Quantifying the response of Blainville's beaked whales to U.S. naval sonar exercises in Hawaii

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Behavioral responses of beaked whales (family Ziphiidae) to naval use of mid‐frequency active sonar (MFAS) have been quantified for some species and regions. We describe the effects of MFAS on the probability of detecting diving groups of Blainville's beaked whales on the U.S. Navy Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF) in Hawaii and compare our results to previously published results for the same species at the Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC) in the Bahamas. We use passive acoustic data collected at bottom‐mounted hydrophones before and during six naval training exercises at PMRF along with modelled sonar received levels to describe the effect of training and MFAS on foraging groups of Blainville's beaked whales. We use a multistage generalized additive modeling approach to control for the underlying spatial distribution of vocalizations under baseline conditions. At an MFAS received level of 150 dB re 1 μPa rms the probability of detecting groups of Blainville's beaked whales decreases by 77%, 95% CI [67%, 84%] compared to periods when general training activity was ongoing and by 87%, 95% CI [81%, 91%] compared to baseline conditions. Our results indicate a more pronounced response to naval training and MFAS than has been previously reported.