jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ileal proteomic changes associated with IL-25-mediated resistance against intestinal trematode infections

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background: Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) is an intestinal trematode, which has been extensively used to investigate the factors that determine the rejection of intestinal helminths. In this sense, several studies have shown that IL-25 is critical for the development of resistance against E. caproni in mice. In fact, treatment of mice with recombinant IL-25 generates resistance against primary E. caproni infection. However, the mechanisms by which IL-25 induces resistance remain unknown. Methods: To study the mechanisms responsible for resistance elicited by IL-25, we analyze the ileal proteomic changes induced by IL-25 in mice and their potential role in resistance. To this purpose, we compare the protein expression profiles in the ileum of four experimental groups of mice: naïve controls; E. caproni -infected mice; rIL-25-treated mice; and rIL-25-treated mice exposed to E. caproni metacercariae. Results: Quantitative comparison by 2D-DIGE showed significant changes in a total of 41 spots. Forty of those spots validated protein spots were identified by mass spectrometry corresponding to 24 proteins. Conclusions: The analysis of our results indicates that resistance to infectiuon is associated with the maintenance of the intestinal epithelial homeostasis and the regulation of proliferation and cell death. These results provide new insights into the proteins involved in the regulation of tissue homeostasis after intestinal infection and its transcendence in resistance.
Extractors for a Constant Number of Polynomially Small Min-Entropy Independent Sources

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We consider the problem of randomness extraction from independent sources. We construct an extractor that can extract from a constant number of independent sources of length n, each of which have min-entropy $n^\gamma$, for an arbitrarily small constant $\gamma>0$. Our extractor is obtained by composing seeded extractors in simple ways. We introduce a new technique to condense independent somewhere-random sources which looks like a useful way to manipulate independent sources. Our techniques are different from those used in recent work [B. Barak, R. Impagliazzo, and A. Wigderson, SIAM J. Comput., 36 (2006), pp. 1095–1118; B. Barak, G. Kindler, R. Shaltiel, B. Sudakov, and A. Wigderson, Simulating independence: New constructions of condensers, Ramsey graphs, dispersers, and extractors, in Proceedings of the 37th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, ACM, New York, 2005, pp. 1–10; R. Raz, Extractors with weak random seeds, in Proceedings of the 37th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, ACM, New York, 2005, pp. 11–20; J. Bourgain, Int. J. Number Theory, 1 (2005), pp. 1–32] for this problem in the sense that they do not rely on any results from arithmetic combinatorics. Using an extractor of Bourgain's [Int. J. Number Theory, 1 (2005), pp. 1–32] as a black box, we obtain a new extractor for two independent block sources with few blocks, even when the min-entropy is as small as $\operatorname{polylog}(n)$. We also show how to modify the 2 source disperser for linear min-entropy of Barak et al. [Simulating independence: New constructions of condensers, Ramsey graphs, dispersers, and extractors, in Proceedings of the 37th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, ACM, New York, 2005, pp. 1–10] and the three source extractor of Raz [Extractors with weak random seeds, in Proceedings of the 37th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, ACM, New York, 2005, pp. 11–20] to get dispersers/extractors with exponentially small error and linear output length where previously both were constant.
Effect of PEO on the Hydrophilicity of PLLA Ultrafine Fibers

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The Polyethylene oxide (PEO) / Poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) ultrafine blend fibers have been prepared by electrospinning. The hybrid solvent of trichloromethane and ethanol was found to be the co-solvent for electrospinning. The PEO/PLLA blend solutions in various ratios were studied for electrospinning into ultrafine fibers. The morphology of the fibers was shown by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The hydrophilicity of fiber samples was characterized by determining their water contact angle. The spun ultrafine fibers are expected to be used in the native extracellular matrix for tissue engineering.
The CD85/LIR-1/ILT2 Inhibitory Receptor Is Expressed by All Human T Lymphocytes and Down-Regulates Their Functions

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The inhibitory molecule CD85/LIR-1/ILT2 has been detected previously on the surface of a small proportion of T lymphocytes. In this study, evidence is provided that, although only a fraction of CD3+ cells are stained by mAb specific for CD85/LIR-1/ILT2 on their surface, this inhibitory receptor is present in the cytoplasm of all T lymphocytes, and that it is detectable on the surface of all T cell clones by the M402 mAb. Biochemical analyses further demonstrate that CD85/LIR-1/ILT2 is present in all T clones analyzed, and that the protein is tyrosine-phosphorylated. Expression of mRNA coding for CD85/LIR-1/ILT2 has been assessed by RT-PCR. Notably, in the NKL cell line and in one T cell clone, amplification of the messenger required 30 cycles only, whereas, in other T cell clones, an amplification product was detected by increasing the number of cycles. CD85/LIR-1/ILT2 inhibits CD3/TCR-mediated activation in both CD4+ and CD8+ clones, and it down-regulates Ag recognition by CD8+ cells in a clonally distributed fashion. Addition of anti-ILT2 HP-F1 mAb in the cytolytic assay enhances target cell lysis mediated by Ag-specific CTL. This could be due to interference of the mAb with receptor/ligand interactions. In contrast, HP-F1 mAb cross-linking triggers inhibitory signals that reduce cytotoxicity. CD85/LIR-1/ILT2 also controls responses to recall Ags and, in low responders, its engagement sharply increases T cell proliferation. The inhibitory function of the molecule is also confirmed by its ability to reduce CD3/TCR-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization.
Entre dois mundos: um exame da recepção de ideias da Revolução Francesa em Raízes do Brasil

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

There is no doubt that the Enlightenment principles of liberty, equality and fraternity have been very present in the history of several Ibero-American nations. In the case of Brazil, however, the state, guided by these noble ideals, has often engendered their opposite. The lack of certain essential services and guarantees for citizens in the Brazilian state is undeniable. Knowing the importance of such principles in Brazil, the aim is to understand how Sérgio Buarque de Holanda uses certain emblematic concepts of Enlightenment philosophy and what role they played, in his perception, in Brazilian political formation.
(Invited) UVPL Imaging of 4H-SiC Wafers Along the Device Processing Chain

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The market for power electronic devices is highly competitive among devices made of silicon (Si), silicon carbide (4H-SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) – devices with best performance and reliability at lowest cost will win the race. The price of SiC devices depends on material costs and device production yield, the latter one is limited by technological and structural defects. The device performance is a matter of device design and process technology, and the device reliability is often limited by structural defects. Hence, a characterization method for structural defects in substrates, epiwafers and partially processed wafers is a keystone for development of competitive SiC power electronic devices. Photoluminescence imaging with excitation in the ultraviolet range (UVPL imaging) is an established and powerful technique for such process-accompanying measurements of SiC wafers and we will review its current status in our talk. In this paper we will compare different UVPL imaging systems available on the market in terms of UV excitation parameters and their PL detectors and discuss their defect detection capabilities. We will present the visibility of structural defects in substrates and epiwafers with regard to their defect-specific PL wavelength as well as excitation wavelength and intensity. SiC epiwafers can be optically stressed by using high excitation intensity, i.e. the conversion of basal plane dislocations to stacking faults can be provoked in unprocessed material as shown in figure 1. This “optical stress test” can be used for material quality testing prior to device processing as well as for scientific questions such as the velocities of dislocations. Furthermore, we will present UVPL images of partially processed SiC wafers revealing technologically induced structural defects. In case of 6.5 kV PIN diodes, the UVPL measurements allow even for prediction of bipolar device degradation. UVPL imaging provides fast, non-destructive defect characterization on full-wafer area and allows for targeted process optimization in epitaxial growth and device processing as well as for process control measurements. Defects can be tracked from substrate/epiwafer to different stages of device production. Hence, UVPL imaging is of great importance for cost reduction and reliability improvement of SiC power electronic devices. Figure 1
Transcriptomic Study of Early Responses to the Bud Dormancy-breaking Agent Hydrogen Cyanamide in ‘TropicBeauty’ Peach

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To determine how the dormancy-breaking agent hydrogen cyanamide (HC) advances budbreak in peach ( Prunus persica ), this study compared the transcriptome of buds of low-chill ‘TropicBeauty’ peach trees treated with 1% (v/v) HC and that of nontreated trees at 3 and 7 days after treatment (DAT), respectively, using an RNA sequencing analysis. The peak of total budbreak occurred 6 weeks earlier in the HC-treated trees (at 32 DAT) than the nontreated trees (at 74 DAT). There were 1312 and 1095 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 3 and 7 DAT, respectively. At 3 DAT, DEGs related to oxidative stress, including the response to hypoxia, lipid oxidation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolic process, were upregulated in HC-treated buds. Additionally, DEGs encoding enzymes for ROS scavenging and the pentose phosphate pathway were upregulated at 3 DAT but they were not differently expressed at 7 DAT, indicating a temporary demand for defense mechanisms against HC-triggered oxidative stress. Upregulation of DEGs for cell division and development at 7 DAT, which were downregulated at 3 DAT, suggests that cell activity was initially suppressed but was enhanced within 7 DAT. At 7 DAT, DEGs related to cell wall degradation and modification were upregulated, which was possibly responsible for the burst of buds. The results of this study strongly suggest that HC induces transient oxidative stress shortly after application, leading to the release of bud dormancy and, subsequently, causing an increase in cell activity and cell wall loosening, thereby accelerating budbreak in peach.
Heavy metals retention in Oxidation Pond Systems

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Sarawak is a key producer of cultured black tiger shrimp (fenaeus monodon) in Malaysia. However, knowledge on the heavy metals in shrimp and culture ponds were lacking in literature. Therefore, in this study, concentrations of selected heavy metals in shrimp pond sludge, pond water, shrimp feed, and shrimp muscles from two farms in different locations were hvestigated. Results indicated that heavy metals concentrations of sludge nearer to the center of the pond were higher than those at the edge of the pond and Zn and Mn concentrations were higher than Cu and Cd. In pond water, concentrations of heavy metals were less than 0.2 mgfL except for Mn in Farm 2 which was much higher. For ShrinlP feed, Zn and Mn concentrations were higher than eu and Cd. The concentration of Cu in feed was different between the two farms. In the shrimp muscles, Zn concentration was the highest followed by Cu. The concentration of heavy metals such as Zn and Cu in the shrimp muscles was not significantly correlated with that in the feed, sludge or water. The concentrations of Zn, Cu and Cd in the shrimp muscle did not exceed the maximum permissible limits of the Malaysian Food Act.
Shape Factor During Advance Phase in Border Irrigation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The present study proposed a new single shape factor to be used in volumetric balance equation.The new single shape factor combines the surface shape factor (0.77) and the subsurface shape factor (Kiefer factor) in one shape factor.By depending on hypothetical design factors: border length, border slope, inflow rate per unit width of border, manning coefficient, as well as soil type, the power function of water advance, the subsurface shape factor and single shape factor have been found respectively.The study introduced an equation to calculate the single shape factor as a function of water advance distance, border length, border slope, inflow rate per unit width of border , manning coefficient and the exponent of infiltration function without needing to data for water advance or the exponent of advance function ( ), which is used to calculate the subsurface shape factor (Kiefer factor).Generally, the study demonstrated that the variation limits of the values of the single shape factor are (0.73-0.76) with average of 0.75 when the ratio of advance distance to total border length greater than or equal to 0.4.
1500 V recessed-free GaN-based HEMTs with ultrathin barrier epitaxial structure

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This Letter demonstrates a 1500-V enhancement-mode (E-mode) GaN-based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) based on the recessed-free structure. The E-mode GaN-based HEMTs fabricated based on the ultrathin barrier epitaxial structure have a small gate interface traps density (Dit) of ∼1012 cm−2 eV−1, which can be attributed to the avoidance of AlGaN etching in the gate region. Meanwhile, a small threshold voltage (Vth) hysteresis of 19 mV and a small subthreshold swing of 101 mV/dec are achieved in the fabricated devices with a Vth around 1.91 V. A small Vth shift of 0.05 V was achieved under positive gate voltage stress, indicating that the devices have good Vth stability. Meanwhile, a high yield of more than 90% has been achieved on 6-in. wafer, which provides a good scheme for the commercialization of E-mode HEMTs.
Self-regulation in the media sector: legal aspects

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article is dedicated to exploring the legal aspects of self-regulation in the media sphere in Ukraine and its correlation with the legal aspects of regulation and co-regulation. The focus is on the role of self-regulation in ensuring the activities of media entities, illustrating the difference between self-regulation in the media sphere and self-regulation in journalism. The examines various aspects of self-regulation in the media sphere in Ukraine, including internal control mechanisms, the role of media entities, and interaction with government authorities. In particular, it investigates the impact of national legislation on the formation and development of self-regulation in the media sphere in Ukraine. Practical challenges and possible ways to improve self-regulation mechanisms in the media segment are highlighted.
A Comprehensive Survey on the Internet of Things (IoT) in Healthcare

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In the era of fast-growing technology, Internet of things (IoT) is expanding, which involves ubiquitous Internet connectivity using standard devices, including global computing network, providing services to anyone who can access anything, anywhere, and anytime through the Internet. The IoT proves itself as a powerful domain where the fields of computer science and electronics have been merged. The IoT has autonomous control feature where the communication is made through machine to machine, which promises a great future for the technology. The IoT has extensive set of applications in heath, logistics, security, agriculture, environment, and industry. Another IoT idea allows the invention of various sensors, gadgets, and machines, to accumulate constant information fromnature. The nature of IoT 158being as a resource includes the tools required for a special authentication scheme that is not fully computing and energy resources. The development of IoT devices provides suitable solutions for comprehensive range of applications for smart cities, transportation, medical and healthcare, smart homes, emergency services, biomedical, etc. After introducing the IoT features, the quality and effectiveness of services are greatly achieved that provide appropriate solution for medical and healthcare services. In this chapter, we offer a comprehensive study to understand IoT technologies, applications, and smart industrial management trends in IoT-based medical and healthcare solutions. After this study, researchers highlight certain applications, statistics, and products that are derived from healthcare IoT fields.
Effects of Etomidate Combined With Dexmedetomidine on Adrenocortical Function in Elderly Patients: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Etomidate has been advocated to be used in anesthesia of the elderly and the critically ill patients due to its faint effect on cardiovascular system. But the dose-dependent suppression of etomidate on adrenal cortex function leads to the limitation of its clinical application. Clinical research shows that dexmedetomidine can reduce the dose requirements for intravenous or inhalation anesthetics and opioids, and the hemodynamics is more stable during the operation. The objective is to observe the effect of etomidate combined with dexmedetomidine on adrenocortical function in elderly patients. Methods 180 elder patients scheduled for elective ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy were randomly allocated to PR group anesthetized with propofol- remifentanil, ER group anesthetized with etomidate-remifentanil, and ERD group anesthetized with dexmedetomidine combined with etomidate-remifentanil. Patients in each group whose operation time was less than or equal to 1h were incorporated into short time operation group (PR 1 group, ER 1 group and ERD 1 group), and whose operation time was more than 1h were incorporated into long time operation group (PR 2 group, ER 2 group and ERD 2 group). The values of SBP, DBP, HR and SpO 2 were recorded at T 0 , T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , T 4 , T 5 , T 6 and T 7 .The time of operation, the dosage of etomidate and remifentanil administrated during surgery, the time to spontaneous respiration, recovery and extubation, and the duration of stay in the PACU were recorded. The serum cortisol and ACTH concentration was measured at t 0 , t 1 , t 2 , t 3 , t 4 and t 5 . Results The dosage of etomidate was significantly lower in ERD 1 group and ERD 2 group compared with ER 1 group and ER 2 group( P < 0.05), respectively. The SBP in ER 2 and ERD 2 group were higher at T 1 and T 3 compared to PR 2 group ( P < 0.05). The DBP in ER 1 and ERD 1 group were higher at T 1 compared to PR 1 group ( P < 0.05). The Serum cortisol concentration were higher at t 1 ~ 2 in ERD 1 group compared to ER 1 group ( P < 0.05). The Serum cortisol concentration were higher at t 1 ~ 3 in ERD 2 group compared to ER 2 group ( P < 0.05).The Serum ACTH concentration were lower at t 1 ~ 2 in ERD 1 group compared to ER 1 group ( P < 0.05). The Serum ACTH concentration were lower at t 1 ~ 3 in ERD 2 group compared to ER 2 group ( P < 0.05). Conclusion The administration of dexmedetomidine combined with etomidate can attenuate the inhibition of etomidate on adrenocortical function in elderly patients and maintain intraoperative hemodynamic stability.
Enzymatic Properties and Cooperative Effects in the Kinetics of Wheat-Germ RNA Polymerases

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Some of the enzymatic properties of the three classes of RNA polymerase purified from wheat germ were studied. Although the four enzyme species exhibited different template specificities using synthetic polydeoxyribonucleotides, poly(dC) was the most efficiently transcribed. Furthermore, with this matrix all enzyme forms had nearly the same specific activity (approximately equal to 5500 units/mg). A comparative kinetic study of RNA synthesis catalyzed by the wheat germ RNA polymerases lead to the following results: when rate measurements were effected as a function of the concentration of purine nucleoside triphosphates, non-linear double-reciprocal plots were obtained for polymerases I and IIB, whereas linear plots were obtained for RNA polymerases IIA and III. The reaction rates were also measured as a function of UTP concentration (a nucleoside triphosphate which can only be used in the elongation step): the kinetics of the reactions catalyzed by RNA polymerases IIA and III can be accounted for by a simple ping-pong kinetic model; in contrast, negative cooperativity was obtained for enzymes I and IIB. This kinetic behaviour may signify that RNA polymerases I and IIB are allosterically regulated enzymes.
P30.09: Three‐dimensional ultrasound in diagnosis of unicornuate uterus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential value of three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound (3D-US) in the diagnosis of unicornuate uterus with hysteroscopy as the reference standard. In this prospective study 136 women with suspected of uterine anomalies on 2-D ultrasonography were evaluated by 3D-US and hysteroscopy. Stored 3D volumes were then examined using multiplanar reformatted sections. We classified the uterus as unicornuate if there was an elongated curved shape showing a single cavity with or without rudimentary horn. The sensitivity, specificity positive and negative predictive values of 3D-US were calculated using hysteroscopy as reference standard. A unicornuate uterus was sonographically diagnosed in 9 women (6.6%) of the 136 included in the study group while the hysteroscopy confirmed unicornuate uterus in 8 patients (5.9%) and revealed normal uterus in one patient. Three-dimensional sonography demonstrated sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 100%, 99.22%, 88.89% and 100% respectively. The Kappa value between two methods was 0.937 (P < 0.001). Three-dimensional ultrasound is an accurate method for the diagnosis of unicornuate uterus with a very good agreement with the hysteroscopy results.
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Novel ROCK Inhibitors for Glaucoma Treatment: Insights into In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy and Safety

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The inhibition of Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) has emerged as a promising strategy for reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) and treating glaucoma. Here, we report the synthesis and evaluation of novel ROCK inhibitors, D25 and R3, which were designed to optimize selectivity, efficacy, and ocular bioavailability. D25 potently inhibited ROCK1/2 with IC50 values of 47.2 nM and 33.8 nM, respectively, surpassing Netarsudil. Compound R3 had weaker ROCK inhibition but demonstrated favorable lipophilicity (logP) and good selectivity to ROCKs, which enhances its potential and safety for ocular delivery. In human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells, R3 showed lower cytotoxicity than Netarsudil and effectively mitigated oxidative damage, enhanced cellular integrity, and reduced inflammatory cytokine secretion. In rabbit models, D25 significantly lowered IOP, outperforming (S)-Netarsudil. R3 exhibited weaker IOP-lowering efficacy but better selectivity. D25 is a promising glaucoma treatment candidate, with R3 as a safer alternative for further optimization.