jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Hybrid Indoor Ambient Light and Vibration Energy Harvester for Wireless Sensor Nodes

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To take advantage of applications where both light and vibration energy are available, a hybrid indoor ambient light and vibration energy harvesting scheme is proposed in this paper. This scheme uses only one power conditioning circuit to condition the combined output power harvested from both energy sources so as to reduce the power dissipation. In order to more accurately predict the instantaneous power harvested from the solar panel, an improved five-parameter model for small-scale solar panel applying in low light illumination is presented. The output voltage is increased by using the MEMS piezoelectric cantilever arrays architecture. It overcomes the disadvantage of traditional MEMS vibration energy harvester with low voltage output. The implementation of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for indoor ambient light is implemented using analog discrete components, which improves the whole harvester efficiency significantly compared to the digital signal processor. The output power of the vibration energy harvester is improved by using the impedance matching technique. An efficient mechanism of energy accumulation and bleed-off is also discussed. Experiment results obtained from an amorphous-silicon (a-Si) solar panel of 4.8 × 2.0 cm2 and a fabricated piezoelectric MEMS generator of 11 × 12.4 mm2 show that the hybrid energy harvester achieves a maximum efficiency around 76.7%.
Self-care for academics: a poetic invitation to reflect and resist

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In newspapers and blogs, on Twitter, and in academic papers, stories of struggling academics abound. Substance abuse, depression, failed relationships, and chronic illness are the casualties of a neoliberal university sector that values quantity over quality and demands ever more for ever less. Within the academic literature a growing counter-movement has called for resistance, collective action, and slow scholarship. Much of this work, however, has focused on strategies that can be applied within academia. Little has been written about the activities that academics do outside the university; activities that have no purpose other than enjoyment, rest, and renewal; activities that represent the valuing of the self as a human being, rather than a means of production; activities that could best be defined as self-care. Using reflective practice to construct a poem comprising three voices, this paper explores those activities. This poetic representation is an effort to create time and space for the authors, and a manifesto to encourage other academics to demand and protect the time, space, and reflective practice that are essential to both personal wellbeing and quality research and education.
SDF1-CXCR4 signaling: A new player involved in DiGeorge/22q11-deletion syndrome

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The DiGeorge/22q11-deletion syndrome (22q11DS), also known as velocardiofacial syndrome, is a congenital disease causing numerous structural and behavioral disorders, including cardiac outflow tract anomalies, craniofacial dysmorphogenesis, parathyroid and thymus hypoplasia, and mental disorders. It results from a unique chromosomal microdeletion on the 22q11.2 region in which the transcriptional activator TBX1 is decisive for the occurrence of the disease. During embryogenesis, Tbx1 is required for patterning of pharyngeal region giving rise to structures of the face, neck and chest. Genetic and developmental studies demonstrated that the severity and variability of the syndrome are determined by Tbx1 targets involved in pharyngeal neural crest cell migration and survival. Recently, we demonstrated that the chemokine Sdf1/Cxcl12 and its receptor Cxcr4 are genetically downstream of Tbx1 during pharyngeal development and that reduction of CXCR4 signaling results in defects which recapitulate the major morphological anomalies of 22q11DS, supporting the possibility of a pivotal role for the SDF1/CXCR4 axis in its etiology.
Anionic charge concentration of rat kidney glomeruli and glomerular basement membrane

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Estimates of levels of glomerular and glomerular-basement-membrane anion charge should serve as useful quantitative markers for the integrity of the tissues in health and disease. We have developed a simple, rapid, technique to measure this charge through the use of ion exchange with radioisotopes 22Na+ and 36Cl- at low ionic strengths in phosphate buffer. When this technique is used, normal glomeruli isolated from rat have a measured net anion charge concentration of 17.4 +/- 3.7 p-equiv. per glomerulus (n = 20). Perfused rat kidneys that lose approximately half of their glomerular heparan [35S]sulphate content (owing to oxygen-radical damage) exhibited a lower anion charge, of 7.5 +/- 1.6 p-equiv. per glomerulus (n = 5). Glomerular basement membranes prepared from rat glomeruli by a sonication-centrifugation procedure in the presence of enzyme inhibitors had a charge concentration of 6.3 +/- 0.7 mu-equiv./g wet wt. of tissue (n = 4), whereas membranes prepared by sonication, centrifugation, DNAse and detergent treatment had a charge concentration of 7.1 +/- 1.6 mu-equiv./g wet wt. (n = 4). Isotope-dilution experiments with 3H2O on these detergent-prepared glomerular basement membranes demonstrated that they had a water content of approx. 93%, which would then give a net anion charge concentration of 7.6 +/- 1.7 m-equiv./l (n = 4). These values are in good agreement with those obtained by others using titration techniques [Bray and Robinson (1984) Kidney Int. 25, 527-533]. The relatively low magnitude of glomerular anion charge in normal kidneys is consistent with other recent findings that glomerular anion charge is too low to affect the glomerular transport of charged molecules in a direct, passive, biophysical manner through electrostatic interactions.
Detection and the Drug Resistance Analysis Of Mycoplasma in Patients With Urogenital Tract Infections

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To grasp infection and the drug resistance condition of mycoplasma in patients with urogenital tract infections and find basis for clinical treatment.Methods: We cultivated Mycoplasma and did the susceptibility test with the urethra secretion of 785 patients.Results: the positive rate of mycoplasma infection was 47.1% among the 785 cases.Simple Uu infect ion rate was 35.2%,simple Mh infection rate was 1.3%,the Uu associated with Mh infection rate was 10.6%.The positive rates of male and female were 29.3% and 62.6% respectively;the mycoplasma infection rate of female was higher than that of male.Minocycline had the highest susceptibility,while ciprofloxacin had the highest resistance in the entire 12 tested drug.Conclusions: The Uu is the main pathogen in patients w ith genitourinary tract infection.We should choose minocycline for clinical treatment chiefly.
Spin transport of electrons through quantum wires with a spatially modulated Rashba spin-orbit interaction

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study ballistic transport of spin-polarized electrons through quantum\nwires in which the strength of the Rashba spin-orbit interaction (SOI) is\nspatially modulated. Subband mixing, due to SOI, between the two lowest\nsubbands is taken into account. Simplified approximate expressions for the\ntransmission are obtained for electron energies close to the bottom of the\nfirst subband and near the value for which anticrossing of the two lowest\nsubbands occurs. In structures with periodically varied SOI strength, {\\it\nsquare-wave} modulation on the spin transmission is found when only one subband\nis occupied and its possible application to the spin transistor is discussed.\nWhen two subbands are occupied the transmission is strongly affected by the\nexistence of SOI interfaces as well as by the subband mixing.\n
Persuasion without Priors

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract We consider an information design problem in which the sender faces ambiguity regarding the probability distribution over the states of the world, the utility function, and the prior of the receiver. The solution concept is minimax loss (regret), that is, the sender minimizes the difference in payoffs from the Bayesian benchmark in the worst-case scenario. In the binary state and binary action setting the mechanism contains a continuum of messages, and admits a representation as a randomization over two-message mechanisms. A small level of uncertainty makes the sender more truthful, but larger uncertainty may result in the sender lying more often than the Bayesian benchmark. If the sender either knows the probability distribution over the states of the world, or knows that the receiver knows it, then the maximal loss is bounded from above by 1/ e . When admissible mechanisms are limited to cut-off strategies, this result generalizes to a multiple state model.
Derivation of Glaze from Cathode Ray Tubes (CRTs) for Ceramic Wares

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Introduction of digital display makes cathode ray tube to be largely obsolete. The tube with its screen becomes waste at the end of the products lifecycle. This study, which combined laboratory experimentation and studio practices, aimed at production of glass glaze with cathode ray tube screen. Cathode ray tubes of four different colours were used for the study. The tubes were washed, pulverized and sieved according to their colour, elementally analysed using Particle Induce X-ray Emission, and milled into two batches per colour with first batch mixed with ball clay and second batch mixed with ball clay and additive chemical material of borax. The glaze batches were applied on eight bisque-fired tiles and fired at 1100 0C. The glazes yielded greenish grey, greyish purple, transparent grey and dark grey. This is significance towards the diversification of Nigeria’s economy for solving solid waste disposal challenges for a better and safe environment. The study has proven that cathode ray tubes with addition of borax and ball clay are suitable for glaze production and provided elemental information to guide the glaze formulation.
IPO underpricing and the endogenous effect of underwriters' fees and reputation.

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study seeks to examine the inter-correlated relationship between underwriters’ reputation, risk characteristics of issuers, underpricing and the amount of underwriting fees charged. Previous literature has provided the groundwork in establishing the relationship between the four variables. This paper seeks to reexamine the results with an updated sample set. We empirically found that high reputation underwriters charge lower fees and this is due to the existence of economies of scale and the tendency of more prestigious underwriters to take on less risky issues. However, the lower fees charged have a detrimental effect on the amount of ‘money left on the table’. Additionally, the consensus view of more prestigious underwriters reducing underpricing of their issues had been proven to change from the 1990s onwards, in line with empirical results in Beatty et al. (1998).
High resolution lightning density maps to study elevation effects at microscale

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Lightning location systems have evolved over the years in both location accuracy and detection efficiency. For the Brazilian integrated lightning detection network (RINDAT), the mean location accuracy has increased along the years as the network was expanded and the performance and sensibility were being improved. With the improved location accuracy, accurate and reliable high-resolution lightning distribution maps may be obtained. These maps might then be used to give a better understanding of the lightning distribution and its physical basis. In this paper we analyze the terrain effects in a microscale perspective, using eleven years (1999 to 2009) of data from the RINDAT network to produce the high-resolution maps. These maps are accomplished by a thunderstorm initiation analysis based on the lightning data. The results indicate some interesting elevation effects on the lightning distribution, especially over (isolated) mountains near Sao Paulo and Belo Horizonte and along the coastline of Sao Paulo, which might be related to local storms thermodynamic and/or channel attachment processes.
MARKET-CONSISTENT VALUATIONS AND THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE RECENT FINANCIAL CRISIS

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The recent financial crisis has raised challenges to market-consistent valuation, both in its implementation and application. These include both commercial and technical challenges. The whole concept of mark-to-market accounting has been questioned in some quarters. There have been commercial challenges in deciding how to assess business strategies given recent volatile market-consistent results, including the implications for ALM and new business pricing. Industry-wide, macroeconomic concerns have been raised regarding procyclicality. This paper recognises these commercial challenges and highlights how a combination of different forms of management information covering both market-consistent and other measures can help in making decisions. This paper sets out some possible approaches to mitigate procyclicality. There have been technical challenges in: - assessing how to value instruments in markets which are or have become illiquid - selecting an appropriate ‘risk-free’ or reference rate - deciding whether and how to make additional allowance for the liquidity premium or own credit risk - the calibration of stochastic models used to value embedded financial options and guarantees - assessing an appropriate allowance for non-hedgeable risk. This paper discusses these technical challenges. The paper proposes a way forward in some areas, taking into account the recent dislocation of the financial markets and drawing on recent FASB, IASB, MCEV and Solvency II developments.
Surface based cohesive behavior implementation for the strength analysis of glued-in threaded rods in Glulam

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper presents the analysis of strength and stiffness of metric threaded steel rods glued in glulam obtained by using two different gluing methods. The first method is used when the threaded steel rod is glued into a groove larger than the rod’s diameter, while the second method is applied when the diameter of the groove is smaller than the diameter of the threaded steel rod. The steel rod is covered with glue before it is inserted into the smaller diameter groove. The first method investigates the 2-mm-thick glue-line, while the second method analyses the contact when the groove’s diameter is 2 mm smaller than the outer diameter of the rod. Epoxy-type resin is used for both gluing methods. Different gluing methods present different interactions between the steel rod and glulam which result in different failure modes. The second method presents a plastic failure between the steel rod and glulam caused by the local compression and shear of glulam. The presented studies are made using metric threaded steel rods of diameters M12 and M16. In total, 20 specimens are experimentally tested in tension-to-tension tests performed according to EN 26891. The interaction between glulam and glued steel rods is also investigated using the 3D finite element modelling. The results obtained using the proposed 3D finite element model with different contact conditions between steel and glulam and the failure criterion for timber shear are well in line with the experimental findings.
Phonological Organization in the Vocabularies of Preschool Children

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The major purpose was to study the degree to which the vocabularies of preschool children are organized phonologically. Forty isolated sounds of English were presented to four- and five-year-old children, and they were asked to give several words containing the sounds. The 40 sounds were ranked according to the number of appropriate examples given to each. The appropriate examples given to each sound were also ranked.
Kang Xiaofei, The Cult of the Fox. Power, Gender and Popular Religion in Late Imperial and Modern China, 2005

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Cruveillé Solange. Kang Xiaofei, The Cult of the Fox. Power, Gender and Popular Religion in Late Imperial and Modern China, 2005. In: Études chinoises, n°26, 2007. pp. 375-379.
Patterns of post-glacial colonization by western redcedar (Thuja plicata, Cupressaceae) as revealed by microsatellite markers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

As knowledge of historical migration in response to climatic change allows insight into the dynamic nature of range shifts, patterns of post-glacial colonization were evaluated for the western redcedar ( Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don). We sampled and genotyped 620 trees from 23 populations across its range, including disjunct coastal and interior mesic sites. Genetic variation at eight microsatellite loci (mean alleles/locus = 10.30, mean expected heterozygosity = 0.755) was much higher than previous studies involving other markers, and inbreeding coefficients were predominantly positive (mean = 0.110). The two southernmost populations showed greatest genetic distances, while remaining populations clustered into three distinct geographic groups, comprising northern–coastal, central, and southern–interior populations, respectively. Genetic diversity decreased with latitude, while genetic and geographic distances were strongly correlated (r = 0.788). Our findings are consistent with independent routes of relatively recent colonization from one major refugium, located south of the glacial maximum, rather than ancient vicariant events. Regional bottlenecks, detected in the south of the range, may have resulted from local extinctions as the range of western redcedar advanced northward. Combined with inbreeding and the evolution of inbreeding tolerance, this may have promoted homozygosity for most classes of genetic markers as observed in other studies of this species.
Angiotensin‐(1–7) stimulates mobilization of bone marrow stem/progenitor cells in diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diabetes increases the risk for cardiovascular disease due to impaired function and regeneration of endothelium. Mobilization of bone marrow stem/progenitor cells (BMPCs) that regenerate vascular endothelium, is impaired in diabetes. Angiotensin (Ang)‐(1–7) was shown to increase the vasoreparative potential of diabetic BMPCs. This study evaluates the effect of Ang‐(1–7) on the impaired mobilization of BMPCs in diabetes. Control (Ctrl) or streptozotocin‐induced diabetic (DB) mice were treated with saline or Ang‐(1–7) (100 μg/Kg, IP) for 4 weeks. Circulating BMPCs, Lin − Sca‐1 + cells (C‐LS), were enumerated at 4 weeks. Hind‐limb ischemia (HLI) was induced in Ctrl or DB mice following 4‐week treatment with Ang‐(1–7) and the treatment and C‐LS were enumerated at day 1, 3, 7 and 12. C‐LS were lower in 6‐month DB mice compared to the age‐matched controls (P<0.05) and were partly increased by Ang‐(1–7) treatment. HLI increased C‐LS by 8‐fold in Ctrl and by 3‐fold in DB (P<0.02). Ang‐(1–7) treatment increased C‐LS in DB to 7‐fold in DB. DB was associated with decreased Lin − cells in BM compared to age‐matched Ctrl (P<0.05) that was partly recovered by Ang‐(1–7). Decreased proliferation of BM‐Lin − cells in DB‐mice was enhanced by Ang‐(1–7). These results suggest that Ang‐(1–7) is a promising molecule for accelerating vascular repair by stimulating BMPC mobilization in diabetes.
Measuring the value variation of a service system: a Markov-switching model estimation

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this study is to create a value variation measurement model to define the relationship among various roles in resource management within a service system; and divide value creation into two states (i.e. cocreation and codestruction) and use them as crucial indicators for value variation by adopting the service-dominant logic and using the Markov switching model. Design/methodology/approach This study proposed that variations in value are similar to changes in economy because both are abstract, indefinable and not easy to identify. Therefore, this study used the Markov switching model to define the state of value through value cocreation and codestruction; analyze value variations in a service system; and provide a numerical evaluation method by using the concept of probability to depict state transitions. In addition, open data from the Kaohsiung City Government’s 1999 call center were collected to address the aforementioned research objectives. The 1999 call center (service provider) offers citizens (customers) efficient consultant services to help them solve problems regarding the city government’s affairs or policies. Thus, this call center can be considered a complex service system. Findings This study revealed that the call center can utilize the analysis results of the Markov switching model on answer rates to predict service quality patterns. In addition, most first call resolution rates occurred under State 1 (value cocreation). To address problems caused by accidental or rare events, the call center should formulate policies to increase people and technical resources and improve service system effectiveness. Originality/value Enterprises currently focus on catering to customers’ needs and offering services through comprehensive service procedures to sustainably generate multiple values for customers, helping them to create values. Previous studies have mostly focused on analyzing the values of a service system and have failed to extensively explore actual value variations. Thus, the value variation measurement model proposed in the present study was able to analyze value variations of a set of call center data and illustrate value variations by using state transitions.
Antihepatotoxic Activity of Cassia tora Leaf Extract

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Methanolic extract of Cassia tora leaves was evaluated for its hepatoprotective activity in rats by inducing hepatotoxicity with paracetamol (acute model). The extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg orally exhibited significant protective effect by lowering the serum levels of transaminase (SGOT and SGPT), bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The effects produced were comparable to that of a standard hepatoprotective agent.
CHARGE TRANSFER INTERACTION IN SOME TROPYLIOCYCLOPHANE TETRAFLUOROBORATES

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Three isomeric [2.2]tropyliocyclophanes were synthesized. The similarity of their structures to those of [2.2]metapara- and meta-cyclophanes and a relationship between the structures and the intramolecular CT interaction are discussed on the basis of the NMR and electronic spectra, respectively.