jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Trend Extraction Method Using Co-occurrence Patterns from Tweets

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We can feel free to post the information such as personal events using Twitter one of the popular micro-blogging service. However, the collection of information is limited by the human power only, therefore, the method of collecting trends automatically is important. Existing web services focus on the number of tweets for getting trends. However, a time lag was occurred for extracting the trends. In this paper, we propose the trend extraction method for twitter in real time by paying attention to the co-occurrence patterns. Our system can learn the new key patterns at the same time not only using the picked up trend biterms, previously. Furthermore, we evaluate the efficiency of the proposed method of extracting the trends from twitter by the comparative experiments. We demonstrate that our proposed method can extract accurately and widely without time-lags compared with the existing service (Real time Yahoo Search).
Pancreatic Cancer and Cellular Senescence: Tumor Microenvironment under the Spotlight

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has one of the most dismal prognoses of all cancers due to its late manifestation and resistance to current therapies. Accumulating evidence has suggested that the malignant behavior of this cancer is mainly influenced by the associated strongly immunosuppressive, desmoplastic microenvironment and by the relatively low mutational burden. PDAC develops and progresses through a multi-step process. Early in tumorigenesis, cancer cells must evade the effects of cellular senescence, which slows proliferation and promotes the immune-mediated elimination of pre-malignant cells. The role of senescence as a tumor suppressor has been well-established; however, recent evidence has revealed novel pro-tumorigenic paracrine functions of senescent cells towards their microenvironment. Understanding the interactions between tumors and their microenvironment is a growing research field, with evidence having been provided that non-tumoral cells composing the tumor microenvironment (TME) influence tumor proliferation, metabolism, cell death, and therapeutic resistance. Simultaneously, cancer cells shape a tumor-supportive and immunosuppressive environment, influencing both non-tumoral neighboring and distant cells. The overall intention of this review is to provide an overview of the interplay that occurs between senescent and non-senescent cell types and to describe how such interplay may have an impact on PDAC progression. Specifically, the effects and the molecular changes occurring in non-cancerous cells during senescence, and how these may contribute to a tumor-permissive microenvironment, will be discussed. Finally, senescence targeting strategies will be briefly introduced, highlighting their potential in the treatment of PDAC.
MINIMALLY INVASIVE METHODS IN TREATMENT OF COMPLICATED FORMS OF CENTRAL LUNG CANCER

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Despite certain achievements in lung cancer treatment, the essential number of patients is subjected to palliative and symptomatic treatment. Hemoptysis addition is the one of most heavy symptoms of unresectable lung cancer. No less heavy complication is an atelectasis and hypoventilation of a lobe or a whole lung, which clinical image is attended by respiratory failure phenomena or association of purulent-septic pneumonia. The combination of endoscopic hemostasis with roentgen endovascular embolization of bronchial arteries (REEBA) allows to increase patients’ live quality and to prolong it for some time. In the clinic REEBA has been done in 121 patients with unresectable forms of lung cancer. The causes of surgical treatment refusal were a widespread tumor process, age, and severity of associated pathology. Hemostasis was achieved in 112 patients. A relapse of pulmonary bleeding was observed in 11 patients, who underwent the repeated REEBA. Lethal outcome was observed in 5 cases. Hemostasis was ineffective in 9 patients. Thus, the experience of using REEBA and endoscopic hemostasis at complicated forms of unresectable lung cancer allows to increase the life quality and in further to realize chemoradial therapy that gives a possibility to prolong a patient’s life.
From Jindabyne to 'Jindabyne' : immigrant and indigenous specters

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper reads Ray Lawrence's film Jindabyne (2006) in order to consider how "Australian" connotes as "immigrant" or "Indigenous" in contemporary Australia. Although the film is an adaptation of an American short story, it exploits an existing grammar of place in Australian cultural production in order to interrogate this very culture. If questions of race, gender, and class have haunted post-settlement Australia, Lawrence's film simultaneously stages these spectres and gestures towards the necessary failure of any attempt to exorcise them in a place where indigeneity is invisible. Thus, the location of Jindabyne, the town drowned in the name of progress, offers an exemplary visual metaphor for the failed project of identity formation in a place where forgetting is a survival tool.
Hydrodynamic excitations of Bose condensates in anisotropic traps

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The collective excitations of Bose condensates in anisotropic axially symmetric harmonic traps are investigated in the hydrodynamic and Thomas-Fermi limit. We identify an additional conserved quantity, besides the axial angular momentum and the total energy, and separate the wave equation in elliptic coordinates. The solution is reduced to the algebraic problem of diagonalizing finite dimensional matrices. The classical quasi-particle dynamics in the local density approximation for energies of the order of the chemical potential is shown to be chaotic.
A New Universal for Human Rights?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter examines with ambivalence the status of the universal in the human rights regime and the possibilities for a new universal. It briefly discusses the semantics of the "universal" in human rights documents, whose proliferation since 1948 pluralizes the regime, and its multipronged structure (regional, national, and transnational organizations, as well as civil society). Efforts to think through the problematics of a "new universal" can be read as part of a critical strategy with "a scrupulously visible political interest," to cite G. C. Spivak. Not only is the process of universalization fundamentally political, but the universal has proved its relevance in political struggles for rights in human rights regime (HRR). The generalizable attempts to articulate a process for negotiating differences in the HRR and for moving in wider circles of agreement and commonality. From local nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to the national national human rights institutions (NHRIs) to critical regional organizations, on to Big International NGOs (BINGOs) and other parts of global civil society.
KOMUNITAS LEPIDOPTERA DAN PARASITOIDNYA PADA PERTANAMAN MENTIMUN DI BOGOR, SUKABUMI DAN CIANJUR, JAWA BARAT

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Lepidopteran community and its parasitoid on cucumber field in Bogor, Sukabumi and Cianjur District, West Java. Cucumber is one of horticultural commodities that are widely cultivated in Indonesia, but information related to Lepidoptera pests and their parasitoids are limited. The aim of this study was to obtain information about Lepidopteran community on cucumber and their parasitoid diversity. Lepidopteran larvae were collected from 16 cucumber sites in the District of Bogor, Sukabumi and Cianjur in November 2014 until May 2015. Larvae were collected from each cucumber plant follow along 60 m transects. Larvae were collected from the field then brought to the laboratory. All larvae were then reared on cucumber leaves until pupation and parasitoids emerged. The data obtained were tested by analysis of the mean and analysis of variance (One way ANOVA) using the program R Stat. The results showed that cucumber plants were attacked by six species (morphospecies) belonging to four families of Lepidoptera. Diaphania indica (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is the most abundant species found. All species (morphospecies) of Lepidoptera are more common when the cucumber plants are in the generative growth stage. Our result further showed that D. indica was attacked by 9 parasitoid larvae and 3 parasitoid pupae, C. chalcites (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by 5 parasitoids dan S. litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by 2 parasitoids. A braconid, Apanteles taragamae, is the most common parasitoid of D. indica found in the field. Its parasitism rate can reach 27% in the field. Overall, this research revealed that a number of parasitoids, that were found attacking Lepidopteran on cucumber indicates their potential use as biological control agents in this agroecosystems.
Post-Glacial Vegetation History of the Ittlemit Lake Basin,

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The pollen record of a 240 cm peat profile in the Ittlemit Lake area in southwest Yukon Territory presents a vegetation development history of the last 9OOO radiocarbon years. Spruce migrated into the area at least 9OOO radiocarbon years ago. From 9OOO yr BP to approximately 5000 yr BP the area supported a sparse Piceu-Sulk-Betufu forest-tundra vegetation. By 5000 yr BP local environmental change created a different habitat primarily affecting the local taxa. Alnus invaded the general area shortly after 5000 yr BP. A local Betuludominated community replaced the previous Cyperaceae-dominated one at about 3000 yr BP. A Cyperaceae-dominated community again occupied the area at about 1900 yr BP. Although the local community changed several times, the present regional forest-tundra vegetation has had little change during the last 9000 radiocarbon years.
Gut Effect on Phytochemicals

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The gut microbiota play an important role for host nutritional, physiological, immunological functions like food digestion, vitamin production, protection of gut integrity, regulation of host immunity, and disease pathogenesis. Dietary phytochemicals are important factors to shape and change the human gut microbiota composition in diversity and abundance context. On the other hand, the microbial community of the gut provides a broad range of enzymes to host which are different from its own resources. This enables human gut microbiota to affect and direct the biosynthesis and metabolism of many bioactive compounds. Bioavailability of phytochemicals is important to benefit from health conferring effects of these compounds. Most of the phytochemicals are not absorbed well by the small intestine and pass through to the gut then gut microbiota acts on the compounds to form different metabolites. Therefore, elucidating the role of human gut microbiota on phytochemical metabolism is essential. This chapter discusses the studies reporting the gut microbial effect on different phytochemicals.
Policy coordination, budget deficit and inflation in Pakistan

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Tout au long de l'histoire du Pakistan depuis son independance, la domination budgetaire est restee une norme, a la fois dans les regimes democratiques et militaires. Cette augmentation de la persistance du deficit budgetaire a dilue la performance du secteur reel et affecte negativement la balance des paiements, ce qui provoque l'inflation dans l'economie. L'experience du Pakistan montre que d'importants deficits budgetaires ont conduit le gouvernement a des emprunts excessifs de la banque d'Etat du Pakistan (SBP) et par consequent a une vaste impression de l'argent. Dans une telle situation, la banque centrale se retrouve avec peu d'espace pour exterminer les chiffres croissants d'inflation et d'assurer une croissance saine. Sur la base de toutes ces preuves et l'echec de la politique monetaire pour maintenir les prix dans des limites acceptables, l'economie du Pakistan est supposee victime de la domination budgetaire - egalement connu sous le regime de non-ricardienne. Cependant, il n'y a guere de preuves ou une etude approfondie est menee pour prouver la domination budgetaire au Pakistan, puis definir une politique pour y remedier. Dans ce contexte, notre these porte sur la domination budgetaire et le niveau d'inflation eleve en consequence, qui est reste eleve pendant presque une decennie. Nous allons mener quatre etudes, allant de l'identification de la domination budgetaire dans l'economie du Pakistan pour evaluer l'impact de la politique budgetaire sur la croissance et l'inflation. La premiere etude est liee a la litterature sur les theories de dominance fiscale, ou la politique budgetaire agit activement et la politique monetaire suit passivement. Le deuxieme modele, la theorie budgetaire du niveau des prix (FTPL), affirme que la dette publique et la politique budgetaire determinent principalement le niveau des prix dans une economie. Le troisieme modele examine la fiscalisation optimale et le revenu du seigneuriage. Le concept est base sur Sidrauski (1967) modele. La notion du modele est que le niveau general des prix plus eleves deforme la demande de monnaie et augmente ainsi le bien-etre. Lorsque les revenus du gouvernement sont en deca de ses depenses, le gouvernement finance son deficit budgetaire grâce a la generation des revenus de seigneuriages. Dans notre quatrieme etude, nous mesurons la reponse de l'inflation et de la croissance a l'evolution de la politique budgetaire tout en tenant compte des comportements des detenteurs de depots et l'industrie bancaire.
Quantum dot and Its nanocomposites : interactions with biosystems and biomedical applications

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Quantum dot (QD) has been studied as an effectively alternative or complementary tool to replace traditional organic dyes in biosensors, cell imaging and in vivo animal tracking. In spite of its various merits, the use of QDs as antimicrobial materials and the development of biocompatible QD-based nanocomposites for various biomedical applications remain great challenges. This PhD research project investigates the antimicrobial activity of CdTe QDs and its mechanism, the fabrication of biocompatible QD nanocomposites for cell imaging and the shape effects of specific designed QD nanocomposites on phagocytosis. The bactericidal activity and mechanism of CdTe QDs against Escherichia coli (E. coli) were investigated. The QDs effectively kill bacteria in a concentration-dependent manner. The QDs bind with bacteria and impair the functions of a cell’s anti-oxidative system, including down-regulations of antioxidative genes and decreases of antioxidative enzymes activities. The mechanism of the bactericidal activity of CdTe QDs involves QDs-bacteria association and a reactive oxygen species-mediated pathway. Besides the bactericidal effects, QD-induced cell growth inhibition effect and its photophysical mechanism were investigated. The QDs block cell division to inhibit the growth of bacteria. A photophysical mechanism involving a polypeptide or amino acid adsorption-mediated fluorescence and reactive oxygen species quenching process is elucidated. CdTe QDs have the potential to be formulated as a novel antimicrobial material with excellent optical properties.
Immunomodulatory Effects of Combined Nicotinic Acid and Prednisolonein Adjuvant-induced Arthritis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: The combination of two drugs may lead to better results while reducing the need for each medication. Objective: This study aimed to explore the synergistic benefits of combination therapy by subopti-mal dose of niacin (Nic.) and prednisolone (Pred.) in an experimental model of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: About 50 male Wistar rats (weighing 150 - 160 grams) were randomly divided into five groups of ten, including healthy and RA groups treated with Nic. (80 mg/kg-orally), or Pred. (2 mg/kg-orally), and/or co-administration of Nic. and Pred. (half doses with each one-orally). RA was induced by the injection of complete Freund's adjuvant into the hind paw of each rat. All treatments were initiated on the fifth day following the induction and continued until day 30 post-induction. Results: The combined Nic. and Pred. at half doses promoted a significant regression in the severity of the established RA, which is more pronounced than full doses of either drug alone. Combination therapy promoted a reduction in some hematological and biochemical RA parameters, like neutral red uptake by phagocytic cells, myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide, and C-reactive protein, more profound than each drug alone. Combined treatment caused a greater decrease in IFN-γ expression than other treatments in the area of plantar joints. All treatments were effective in increasing the expression of the IL-10 in the area of plantar joints. Prednisolone was less effective in reducing the expression of the TNF-α in the area of plantar joints than the other group. Conclusion: This combination may be a useful approach to controlling RA.
Should Traditional Representative Institutions be Abolished? A Critical Comment on Hélène Landemore’s Open Democracy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This short piece discusses Hélène Landemore’s proposal of an ‘open democracy’, as outlined in her recent book Open Democracy: Reinventing Popular Rule for the Twenty-First Century . Acknowledging the value of Landemore’s radical and ambitious proposals, I draw attention to a number of shortcomings and blind spots that have to do with how the case for an ‘open democracy’ is made: through an unduly brief and dismissive treatment of political parties; a methodological insensitivity to empirical variations of democratic performance and citizens’ evaluations of the latter; a failure to distinguish between higher and ordinary law-making in the discussion of the central Icelandic case; and, finally, a surprising concession that realising an open democracy is all but infeasible in established constitutional democracies. If open democracy is to be an attractive ideal, these issues must arguably be addressed.
Racial Disparity in Outcomes Among Prostate Cancer Patients in the Post–Affordable Care Act Period

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Improved access to care via Medicaid expansion may not translate into reduced racial disparity in quality-of-care outcomes in prostate cancer patients treated surgically. System-level factors such as availability of and referrals to care, and complex socioeconomic structure may also play a role in improving quality of care and reducing disparities.
UV effects on stoichiometry and PUFAs of Selenastrum capricornutum and their consequences for the grazer Daphnia magna

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary 1. The effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation (280–400 nm) on fatty acid composition and elemental ratios of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) of a unialgal culture of the chlorophyte Selenastrum capricornutum was investigated. Algae were cultured in the presence or absence of UV radiation and were subsequently fed to Daphnia magna to assess potential effects of UV on zooplankton fatty acid composition, growth and reproduction. 2. Algal growth rate was substantially reduced by UV radiation, probably because of a severe inhibition of photosynthetic efficiency (measured as optimal quantum yield). 3. Algae exposed to UV radiation had a significantly reduced content of 18 : 1 n‐9, while C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were higher under UV radiation. These observations point at an increased demand for and synthesis of PUFAs under UV stress. 4. The C : P and N : P ratios showed a remarkable decrease in UV‐exposed cells primarily owing to an increased uptake of P. The nutritional quality in terms of both fatty acid composition and stoichiometry was therefore higher in the UV treatment relative to the control. 5. Despite the UV‐induced changes in nutritional quality of S. capricornutum , no significant effects on D. magna growth or reproduction were detected. The fatty acid composition of Daphnia fed on UV irradiated algae showed a significantly lower content of 18 : 1 n‐9, but no changes in the essential PUFAs.
Improvement of methods of cadastral valuation of real estate on the basis of urban development value of the territory. Part I

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article States that through existing methodological approaches to the valuation of cadastral value it is impossible to make an adequate assessment and change the tax base evenly. The authors have developed a step-by-step methodology for determining the cadastral value of real estate based on the definition of urban land value, its approbation and analysis of the results in terms of their relationship with the approved cadastral value and compliance with the prevailing market realities.
CHAPTER 1. Analytical Raman Spectroscopy of Inks

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Research on ancient manuscripts has dealt with the identification and use of pigments in their historiation and the degradation of the vellums, but relatively little has been undertaken on the composition of the inks. This chapter traces the use of carbon-based inks, the so-called Indian inks, through to mediaeval iron-gall or gallotannate inks and, more rarely, coloured inks made from logwoods and cinnabar. Recent interest in ancient ink composition has arisen from the significant destructive effects noted particularly in the use of iron gallotannate inks on vellums and paper. Following an historical survey of ink through the ages and a discussion of ink preparation and composition, this chapter considers three case studies in which the analysis of inks has been instrumental in providing information for assessment by conservators and historians: these are the Vinland Map, the Voynich Manuscript and the Beato de Valcavado manuscript. In particular, the role of Raman microscopy in the discovery of anatase in the ink of the Vinland Map is highlighted in the ongoing controversy surrounding the importance of this manuscript in the discovery of North America, and the interesting Raman spectroscopic analyses of inks in the Beato de Valcavado are discussed.
Co-ordinated VLA and EXOSAT observations of the flare stars UV Ceti, EQ Pegasi, YZ Canis Minoris, and AD Leonis

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

On a observe 4 etoiles eruptives simultanement avec VLA et le satellite EXOSAT. Bien qu'on ait trouve une activite considerable en RX et radio, il y a peu de correlation entre ces 2 domaines de longueurs d'ondes. On discute la signification des observations pour l'activite coronale dans les etoiles eruptives naines rouges