jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Language, World, and Limits

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This is a collection of previously published essays that are all concerned, at some level, with the nature, scope, and limits of representation, where by representation is meant the act of representing, truly or falsely, how things are. The collection is divided into three parts. The essays in Part I deal with linguistic representation. One thesis that surfaces at various points in these essays is that some things are ineffable. The essays in Part II deal with representation more generally, and with the character of what is represented. They all touch more or less directly on the distinction between perspectival representation, that is representation from a point of view, and absolute representation, that is representation from no point of view. One thesis that surfaces at various points in these essays is that nothing is ineffable. The essays in Part III, deriving their inspiration from the early work of Wittgenstein, indicate how the resulting tension between Parts I and II is to be resolved. We can construe the first of these theses as a thesis about states of knowledge or understanding, and the second as a thesis about facts or truths.
Price promotions effects of virtue and vice products

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Purpose – This paper aims to propose models that capture the own effect of price promotions of virtue and vice products on sales and cross effects within the subcategory, between subcategories and between periods. The hypotheses assume that, due to reverse consumption self-control, the demand for vice products is more price-sensitive than demand for virtue products, but the demand for vice products is less price-sensitive between periods than demand for virtue products; furthermore, due to the degree of impulse-buying and to licensing, the demand sensitivity of the products of a subcategory and of those of other subcategories varies according to the type of promoted product (vice or virtue). Design/methodology/approach – The methodology is based on different econometrical models that estimate the total net effect of price promotions of virtue and vice products on sales. Findings – The results show a greater own effect for price promotions of vice products than for virtue products. However, the complementary sales effect between subcategories for virtue products facilitates greater expansion of the subcategory in virtue products than in vice products. Originality/value – Although price promotions of virtue products (light) and vice products (regular) have proliferated in recent years, researchers have only estimated their own sales effect. Alternatively, the paper contributes by considering own and cross effects.
Additivity Coefficients for all Classes in the Algebra of Darboux-Like Maps on $$\mathbb {R}$$

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The class $$\mathbb D$$ D of generalized continuous functions on $$\mathbb {R}$$ R known under the common name of Darboux-like functions is usually described as consisting of eight families of maps: Darboux, connectivity, almost continuous, extendable, peripherally continuous, those having perfect road, and having either the Cantor Intermediate Value Property or the Strong Cantor Intermediate Value Property. The algebra $$\mathcal {A}(\mathbb D)$$ A ( D ) of classes of functions generated by these families contains 17 atoms. In this work we will calculate the values of the additivity coefficient $${{\,\mathrm{A}\,}}(\mathcal {F})$$ A ( F ) for all atoms $$\mathcal {F}$$ F in the algebra $$\mathcal {A}(\mathbb D)$$ A ( D ) . We also determine the values $${{\,\mathrm{A}\,}}(\mathcal {F})$$ A ( F ) for a lot of other families $$\mathcal {F}\in \mathcal {A}(\mathbb D)$$ F ∈ A ( D ) . Open questions and new directions of research shall also be provided.
Locoregional recurrence patterns in women with breast cancer who have not undergone post-mastectomy radiotherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background : To analyze the patterns of locoregional recurrence in breast cancer patients after mastectomy. Methods : The retrospective study included 7073 women with breast cancer without post-mastectomy radiotherapy: 4604 (65.1%) had pT1-2N0 disease (low risk); 2042 (28.9%), pT1-2N1 (intermediate risk); and 427 (6.0%), pT3-4 and/or pN2-3, or pT1-2N1 after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (high risk). The distribution of cumulative locoregional recurrence was analyzed. The local recurrence and regional recurrence rates were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and differences were compared with the log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed using Cox logistic regression analysis. Results: In the median follow-up of 63.0 months, 469 patients had locoregional recurrence: chest wall recurrence in 238 cases (50.7%), supraclavicular/infraclavicular nodes in 236 (50.3%) cases, axilla in 92 (19.6%), and internal mammary nodes in 50 (10.7%) cases. The 5-year local recurrence and regional recurrence rates were 2.5% and 4.4%, respectively. Subgroup analysis of the three risk groups and five molecular subtypes (luminal A, luminal B-Her2 negative, luminal B-Her2 positive, Her2-enriched, and triple negative) also showed that the chest wall and supraclavicular/infraclavicular nodes were the most common recurrence sites. Age, tumor location, T stage, N stage, and hormone receptor status were independent prognostic factors for both local recurrence and regional recurrence (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The chest wall and supraclavicular/infraclavicular nodes are common sites of locoregional recurrence in breast cancer, irrespective of disease stage or molecular subtype, and the prognostic factors for local recurrence and regional recurrence are similar. Therefore, chest wall and supraclavicular/infraclavicular nodes irradiation should always be considered in post-mastectomy radiotherapy.
Transferring tacit knowledge during maritime pilot training: assessment of methods in use

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Accurate knowledge management is vital for an organization to perform well. Managing explicit knowledge is relatively easy but managing tacit (implicit) knowledge is not. Effective transfer of tacit knowledge from experts to novices in an organization is therefore essential. Maritime pilotage is a safety-critical operation in which pilots use their expertise to guide vessels in specific waters. The purpose of this study is to improve the Pilot Training Programme (PTP) run by the Swedish Maritime Administration (SMA). The aim of this study is to evaluate and describe the prevailing methods of transferring tacit knowledge during the PTP. This study includes 20 maritime pilots and covers a complete PTP. A qualitative mixed-methods approach was used, based on activity theory and including observations, interviews, questionnaires, and document analyses. The results showed that tacit knowledge transfer during the PTP occurs during situated learning, such as apprenticeships, hands-on learning and communities of work. However, the transfer methods are not sufficiently documented from a didactic perspective.
Accessible Web Page Design for the Visually Impaired: A Case Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Section 508 of the Rehabilitations Act of 1973 states that federal agencies are required to maintain accessible web-based information for persons with disabilities, namely, visual impairments. Studies spanning over 1 decade conducted by The American Foundation for the Blind and Towson University’s Universal Usability Lab investigated federal home pages for Section 508 violations. Both studies concluded that numerous university, corporate, federal, and federal contractor websites are largely inaccessible to people with disabilities—specifically in terms of clarity, consistency, and fidelity to standards. Due to inconsistencies across federal agencies, constant website updates, and webmaster turnaround, there is a need for practical guidelines for web page design compliant with Section 508, the Americans with Disabilities Act, and the World Wide Web Consortium’s Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, with particular focus on the visually impaired.
The Social/Behavioral Construction of Employees as Strategic Actors on Company Boards of Directors

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this article, the authors try to develop a theoretical frame of reference to help us understand the social construction of employees as strategic company actors on boards of directors. In 1973, the Danish Parliament passed an act granting employees the right to elect two members to sit on a company's board of directors. The authors attempt to understand the processes by which employee representatives infused this institutional form with meaning through a process of identity construction. This construction process draws on general cultural forms in the Danish society, primarily the institution of democracy. However, the authors' focus is on the board level. They observe that employee representatives come to share with their board colleagues, the representatives of capital, a market or company strategic perspective on board decision making, simultaneously maintaining the perspective of employee interests. This article is based on a series of in-depth analyses of company boards and interviews with a number of directors.
Gas formation mechanism of marine carbonate source rocks in China

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

By breaking through the conventional ideology on the study of gas-formation mechanism of source rocks which focused on merely the characteristics of source rocks themselves, and based on the development and distribution characteristics of marine carbonate source rocks in the medium-to-bottom parts of the Chinese superimposed sedimentary basins as well as various processes in the course of gas generation and reservoir forming, the complex hydrocarbon-gene rating model of carbonates is established. Such a model concerns not only the "three-stage" gas formation characteristics of carbonates, but also the gas generation process due to a thermal cracking of oil and the re-generation process of gas from heated secondary organic matters during the gas-generation and reservoir-forming course. The high-quality hydrocarbon generating matter of marine carbonate source rocks determined a high gas-oil ratio and tended to form paleo-oil-reservoirs, representing an enrichment process of organic matters. The thermal cracking of oil in palaeo-oil-reservoirs is an important means for the effective formation of gas reservoirs. The secondary organic matters in carbonate reservoirs may regenerate gas after a secondary deep burial, thus becoming an effective gas source.
Leveraging Generative and Probabilistic Models for Diagnostics of Cyber-Physical Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A critical task for system operators is the precise identification of the root causes underlying an error situation. This identification is fundamental in deciding optimal maintenance actions, such as replacing a component versus calibrating it. However, the actual causes of an error are often neither measured nor unique. The measured quantities are the result of complex interactions between different error causes and system variables. Root cause identification in this context becomes a matter of inferring hidden causes from their measurable effects. This challenge is notably pronounced in cyber-physical systems comprising control loops. Control mechanisms, integral to maintaining system performance, introduce a layer of complexity in diagnostics and ultimately complicate the isolation of the underlying causes of errors. To address this challenge, we introduce a two-step approach to derive the hidden causes as a statistical inference task. First, we develop a generative model leveraging existing control software and expert-based insights into the mechanisms of errors, i.e., a simulator of synthetic data given some hidden error causes. Then, we transform the generative model into a probabilistic program on which statistical inference can be executed within a probabilistic programming language framework. This inference effectively estimates the hidden causes given some measured data from the system. Being intrinsically a statistical approach, these inferences come with a confidence interval. We applied this methodology to an industrial printer’s sheet transport belt, operating in a closed-loop configuration. Our approach successfully discerned the contributions of three distinct hidden causes to the belt’s deviation from its intended position. This paper highlights the efficacy of generative modeling followed by a probabilistic programming approach in unraveling complex interactions within cyber-physical systems for optimal maintenance.
Closure of Skin Wounds with Adhesive Tape

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

MMDICAL -JOURNLIn the out-patient series it was found practicable to manage most minor wounds and lacerations by sutureless closure without the use of local anaesthesia.Gentle cleaning of the wound and excision of small areas of devitalized tissue were usually possible without causing discomfort to the patient.Because of the ease of application of the strips and lack of necessity for local anaesthesia, this method has many advantages for small wounds of the kind usually treated in general practice or in an out-patient department.Indeed, the very simplicity of the technique engenders a risk that wounds in which full exploration is required may be closed ab initio.Careful assessment of traumatic lesions is therefore necessary before proceeding to sutureless closure without anaesthesia.The combined results of this clinical trial have demonstrated that steri-strip tape is a reliable and practical means of skin closure for the majority of wounds and incisions.We would particularly advocate the use of tape closure in the following circumstances: (1) where incisions transgress skin devitalized by ischaemic or venous disease, or when- ever there is a special risk of infection; (2) incisions and wounds in children; (3) suitable traumatic wounds; and (4) fixation of small skin grafts.Summary A clinical trial of a new form of adhesive tape was carried out to assess its use in skin closure.The results obtained in 157 wounds and lacerations in out-patients and 124 operation incisions in in-patients are given.Satisfactory primary healing was obtained in most of the patients, and the reasons for any delay in healing are analysed.The advantages of the tape are discussed and certain indications are given for its use.We wish to thank Sister P. E. M. Cocking for her help in the out-patient trial and the photographic department of St. Bartholomew's Hospital for the illustrations.The steri- strips were supplied by the Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing
Possible aetiology of haemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome in the Negev area of Israel.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A retrospective study was performed for all patients diagnosed with haemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome (HSES) over an 11 year period (1984-94). Soroka University Medical Centre is the only medical facility in the southern Negev region of Israel serving a population of about 400,000 residents, consisting primarily of two ethnic populations, Jews and Bedouins. Twenty patients, 17 Bedouin and three Jews, were diagnosed with HSES. The annual incidence of HSES for infants under the age of 1 year was 5:10,000 for Bedouins and 0.6:10,000 for Jews. Patients ranged in age from 6 to 32 weeks and arrived at the hospital late at night or early morning (2:00 am to 11:00 am), during the winter or early spring (November to April). All were healthy before admission, with short prodromal symptoms of upper respiratory tract or gastrointestinal infection noted in 10 cases. Most infants had markedly high body temperature on arrival. A history of overwrapping and/or excessive heating was obtained in four of 20 infants. Bacteriological and virological cultures were negative in all infants. One infant died and neurological sequelae were observed in all survivors. The high prevalence of hyperpyrexia during sleep in the presence of negative microbiological results with no evidence of excessive heating, and the high incidence of HSES among a closed and culturally isolated society known to have a high incidence of congenital malformations, may support previous assumptions that HSES results from hyperpyrexia, originating in most cases from a 'physiological' heat induced trigger, which starts and peaks during the night in previously healthy infants who are genetically susceptible.
Protecting the environment through insect farming as a means to produce protein for use as livestock, poultry, and aquaculture feed

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Securing protein for the approximate 10 billion humans expected to inhabit our planet by 2050 is a major priority for the global community. Evidence has accrued over the past 30 years that strongly supports and justifies the sustainable use of insects as a means to produce protein products as feed for pets, livestock, poultry, and aquacultured species. Researchers and entrepreneurs affiliated with universities and industries, respectively, from 18 nations distributed across North and South America, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia contributed to the development of this article, which is an indication of the global interest on this topic. A brief overview of insects as feed for the aquaculture industry along with a review of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), as a model for such systems is provided.
Accuracy and Efficiency Comparison of Object Detection Open-Source Models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In agriculture, weeds cause direct damage to the crop, and it primarily affects the crop yield potential. Manual and mechanical weeding methods consume a lot of energy and time and do not give efficient results. Chemical weed control is still the best way to control weeds. However, the widespread and large-scale use of herbicides is harmful to the environment. Our study's objective is to propose an efficient model for a smart system to detect weeds in crops in real-time using computer vision. Our experiment dataset contains images of two different weed species well known in our region strained in this region with a temperate climate. The first is the Phalaris Paradoxa. The second is Convolvulus, manually captured with a professional camera from fields under different lighting conditions (from morning to afternoon in sunny and cloudy weather). The detection of weed and crop has experimented with four recent pre-configured open-source computer vision models for object detection: Detectron2, EfficientDet, YOLO, and Faster R-CNN. The performance comparison of weed detection models is executed on the Open CV and Keras platform using python language.
The role of bank diversity in the banking development-income inequality nexus. Regional evidence from Italy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Purpose The function of banking development in reducing income inequality is critical because financial institutions can grant loans, stimulating prospective productive investments. Based on this promise, the aim of this study is to fill the vacuum by particularly evaluating the influence of banking development, as proxied by bank cost efficiency estimated using a parametric approach, on income inequality. Design/methodology/approach To evaluate the impact of banking development on income inequality, the authors use data from 20 Italian regions from 2004 to 2017. Particular attention will be made to the consequences that the varied composition of the Italian banking structure, namely, the presence of cooperative and non-cooperative banks, may have on income inequality. To do this, the authors use a generalized method of moments (GMM) regression on panel data to address the endogeneity problem that exists between banking development and income inequality. Findings Evidence reveals that increasing bank development plays an important impact in reducing income inequality, with cooperative banks faring best. A set of robustness tests generally validates our empirical findings and brings relevant policy implications. Originality/value A “qualitative” measure, such as cost efficiency, which is computed using a parametric technique, has been used as a proxy for banking development to analyse the relationship between banking development and income inequality. The contribution, in particular, focuses on how bank diversity influences the nexus between banking development and income inequality in a homogenous context.
Occurrence of Helotropha luecostigma Hubner (Lep., Noctuidae) on maize in Rzeszow region

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Caterpillars of Helotropha leucostigma Hubner were found for the first time on maize plants (Zea mays L.) in Rzeszow region (south-east Poland) in 2008. In 2008–2012, every year in May and June a small number of caterpillars of this species were recorded on the maize fields, where they totally destroyed single plants at the stage of 4 to 6 leaves (BBCH 14–16). During the study years totaly 30 caterpillars of this species were found in four villages: Krzeczowice, Terliczka, Nienadowka and Gluchow. So far H. leucostigma has not been regarded as a pest of cultivated plants in Poland. The fact that during a few years the caterpillars of this moth were recorded in maize crops may indicate that the species H. leucostigma has adapted to feeding on maize and therefore extended the range of its host plants.
Neoadjuvant carboplatin and vinorelbine followed by chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced head and neck or oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a phase II study in elderly patients or patients with poor performance status.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The regimen of neo-adjuvant carboplatin and vinorelbine followed by chemoradiotherapy is feasible and active in older (> or =70 years) or low PS (Karnofsky 70-80) patients, although toxicity is not negligible and long-term outcome remains poor.
Hardware Design of the Discrete Wavelet Transform an Analysis of Complexity Accuracy and Operating Frequency

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to present a comparative analysis of hardware design of the Discrete Wavelet Transform DWT in terms of three design goals accuracy hardware cost and operating frequency Every design should take into account the following facts method nonpolyphase polyphase and lifting topology multiplierbased and multiplierlessbased structure conventional or pipelined and quantization format floatingpoint fixedpoint CSD or integer Since DWT is widely used in several applications eg compression filtering coding pattern recognition among others selection of adequate parameters plays an important rolein the performance of these systems
Young People's Attitude in Andal Priyadarshini's Novel "Thakanam (Cremation)"

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"Thakanam" is a novel that deals with the sufferings in the lives of the people who live in the cremating work. In this novel, both the young and the elderly are shown by the teacher as cremators. This article highlights the sufferings of young people who are less experienced among them. The sufferings that these young people face when they take up the cremating occupation in their lives are limitless. They hide their sufferings and show happy faces. They are seen to be personality-possessed. However, sometimes their minds get disheartened when they lose. As they move on to the next stage of life, they are unable to make the right decisions and are subject to mental struggle. This article is intended to illustrate all this from a psychological point of view.