jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of increased physical activity on motor skills and marks in physical education: an intervention study in school years 1 through 9 in Sweden

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background: Studies have shown that some children do not participate in sport or exercise because they did not establish early coordination and basic motor skills while at school. Basic motor skills form significant parts of the goals for students to achieve in the Swedish school subject Physical Education and Health (PEH). Aims: The aim was to study effects of an extension of physical activity and motor training, during a period of nine years, on motor skills and marks in the school subject PEH. Furthermore, a motor training program called Motor Development as Ground for Learning [Motorisk Utveckling som Grund för Inlärning] (MUGI) was tested and evaluated. Method: The study is longitudinal and two groups of students were followed during nine school years. At the start of the project the students were seven years old, and 15 years old at the follow-up. An intervention group (n = 161) had one scheduled lesson of physical activity and motor training every school day. A control group (n = 102) had the school's usual two PEH lessons per week. Motor skills observations were carried out in the school years 1, 2, 3, and 9 according to the MUGI checklists. Extra motor skill training, according to the MUGI model, was given to students in the intervention group who had motor skills deficits. The method was hypothetic-deductive and two hypotheses were tested: (1) Students' motor skills will improve with extended PEH and extra motor training according to the MUGI model, and (2) boys' and girls' marks in PEH will improve with extended PEH and extra motor training in school. Findings: The results confirmed the hypothesis that students' motor skills improve with extended physical activity and motor training. After only one year the students in the intervention group had significantly better motor skills (balance and coordination) than students in the control group. These differences remained and were also found at follow-up school years 3 and 9. Differences in motor skills between boys and girls decreased with extended physical activity and extra motor training in school. Significant correlations were found between motor skills school year 2, 3, and 9 and marks in PEH school year 9. The second hypothesis was confirmed by significantly higher marks in the school subject PEH school year 9 in the intervention than in the control group. Although there were no significant differences in motor skills between boys and girls in school year 9, girls had significantly lower marks in PEH than boys. Conclusions: The school has good potential for stimulating students' development of motor skills, but two lessons of PEH per week are not enough. Differences in motor skills between boys and girls may decrease with extended physical activity and extra motor training in school. The MUGI program can be useful as a pedagogic model for observing and improving motor skills in school.
Dataset for "Divergent immunometabolic changes in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle with ageing in healthy humans"

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This dataset provides all the raw data collected for a trial investigating the impact of ageing on adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and systemic inflammatory and metabolic health in healthy, active, and non-obese Younger (20–35 years) and Older (60–85 years) males. This trial was a cross-sectional characterisation investigating the biological effects of ageing, in humans.
Both a frameshift and a missense mutation of the STRA6 gene observed in an infant with the Matthew‐Wood syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background The Matthew‐Wood syndrome is associated with mutations of the STRA6 gene. It combines a pulmonary agenesis/hypoplasia; microphthalmia/anophthalmia; congenital cardiac, digestive, and urogenital malformations; and diaphragmatic defects. Case A 23‐year‐old nulliparous woman was referred to our center after a fetal ultrasound examination at 26 weeks of pregnancy revealed an abnormal head shape, a heart malformation, multiple cysts in both kidneys, and dilated ureters. A male baby (46, XY; 3600g; Apgar score 1) was delivered at 38 weeks of gestation and died 1 hr later due to respiratory failure. The diagnosis of Matthew‐Wood syndrome was suspected given the association of bilateral anophthalmia, agenesis of the left lung, and heart and kidney defects. It was confirmed by the identification of two deleterious mutations of the STRA6 gene. RESULTS The child was a compound heterozygote for two previously reported mutations, a paternally inherited missense mutation (c.878C>T [p.Pro293Leu] and a maternally inherited frameshift mutation (c.50_52delACTinsCC [p. Asp17Alafs*55]), producing a premature stop codon. CONCLUSION The diagnosis of Matthew‐Wood syndrome should be considered in all fetuses with microphthalmia/anophthalmia. It requires an extensive ultrasound/MRI examination of the lung, heart, and diaphragm. Birth Defects Research 109:251–253, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Spanish vision of Canada’s Clarity Act: from idealization to myth

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Since it was passed, the Clarity Act has been at the core of any secessionist debate in Canada and abroad. Although contested at home, the Clarity Act has earned worldwide prestige as the democratic standard that must be observed when a secessionist debate arises. In the last fifteen years Spain has experienced successive debates about the need to establish a mechanism of popular consultation to address secessionist claims in the Basque Country and Catalonia. Most political actors in favour of such consultations have expressed their will to import the Canadian Clarity Act as a tool to settle disputes on how to conduct a referendum. However, this deification of the Canadian example is, for the most part, based on a misreading of the Secession Reference, only taking into account certain passages while ignoring others. The emphasis tends to be made on the quantitative clear majority test, disregarding other factors. Hence, the aim of this paper is to study the causes of this deification of the Clarity Act in Spain, and its influence on the treatment of secessionist claims that the country is currently experiencing.
Intermittent ion bombardment of optical thin films

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The practical problems of using ion-assisted deposition with substrate rotation are discussed, including the role of ion energy vs total ion flux. We compare MgF 2 , ZrO 2 , and SiO 2 films made conventionally and with intermittent ion bombardment in terms of optical performance and stoichiometry. Vacuum-to-air shifts of the peak wavelength are significantly reduced in narrowband filters of ZrO 2 /SiO 2 . Also discussed is the relation between which layers are bombarded and peak wavelength shift; i.e., does the entire filter need to be bombarded or just a few critical layers? We also investigated stress reduction in MgF 2 films.
Sinemet and the Treatment of Parkinsonism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sinemet (a combination of levodopa with carbidopa, a dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor) has replaced levodopa for early treatment of parkinsonism. The blocking of the systemic uptake of dopamine has eliminated the previous complications of nausea, vomiting, and cardiac and respiratory arrhythmias; pyridoxine need not now be avoided. However, the earlier appearance of abnormal involuntary movements, hallucinations, occasional psychosis, and a dopa-resistant state limits treatment efficacy. In all-over experience the combination drug offers the best relief for rigidity and akinesia. It has improved the quality of life and reduced mortality by one half. The greatest benefits appear in the first 3 years; then complications set in. The relation of complications to dosage is now better understood, and the ratio of dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor to levodopa inhibitor to levodopa of 1:4 is better than the previous 1:10. Levodopa with or without dopa decarboxylase is not a cure for parkinsonism. Some agonist drugs (bromocryptine, lisuride) are showing promise in the testing stage. The evolving knowledge about neurotransmitters and peptide messengers offers hope for the growing number of patients with parkinsonism.
AGILITY: THE NEW STABILITY IN AN UNSTABLE WORLD

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

If vision is the foundation of why a company exists then agile organization has a vision that infers the necessity of adaptability and disciplined execution of the vision. The company’s culture that supports this kind of vision fosters innovation, speed, resiliency, team collaboration and efficiency within the organization. Every company today is investing in transforming itself into an agile organization, dealing with uncertainties of external environment and those with a stable structure are the ones that hold the key to agility, deal with speed better, resulting in both stability and growth in the long run. Agility lies at the heart of those organizations that outperform cyclicality and see the acceleration of disruptive change as an opportunity. An agile organization responds to global needs strategically with urgency and intentionality and leaders also understand that high responsiveness to change is a function of building an adaptive mindset, putting the system in place to drive transparency and operational efficiency serving as a backbone for an enterprise.
Educational assessment : Searching for the right balance between multiple-choice testing and subjective testing / Lau Sie Hoe ... [et al.]

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Multiple-choice formatted tests, though the most widely used, are also the most criticized. Currently, student knowledge at primary and secondary school levels in Malaysia are assessed using both Multiple-Choice formatted test and Subjective formatted test. These two tests are administered and scored separately. The final score for grading student knowledge is the combination of these two scores. the Multiple-Choice test score: Subjective test score (MC:SC) ratio used to calculate the final score differ according to subject and level of education. In the case of Mathematics, the subjective test was introduced for the first time at Penilaian Menengah Rendah (PMR) in 1995 after the weakness of the multiple-choice formatted test »,as realized. The MC:SC ratio was fixed at 60:40. In 2003, the Education Ministry took a reverse decision by introducing multiple-choice test for the first time to assess mathematics at Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) level with the MC:SC ratio of 40:100
PATHOGENICITY OF BEAUVERIA BASSIANA (DEUTEROMYCOTA: HYPHOMYCETES) AGAINST THE CACTUS WEEVIL, METAMASIUS SPINOLAE (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Three strains of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana Vuill. were tested for pathogenicity against adults of Metamasius (=Cactophagus) spinolae Gyllenhal. M. spinolae is an important pest of cactus plants (Opuntia ficus indica), which are used as a food crop and to avoid erosion in Mexico. After inoculation in a spray tower, M. spinolae adults were susceptible to B. bassiana at concentrations of 1 × 108 conidia per milliliter. Female mortality was steadily higher than male mortality for all isolates. One of the three isolates caused significantly higher mortality (82%) in females, whereas male mortality was the same for all isolates. These results indicate for the first time the possible use of B. bassiana as biocontrol agent against this insect pest.
New classification system-based visual outcome in Eales′ disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: A retrospective tertiary care center-based study was undertaken to evaluate the visual outcome in Eales′ disease, based on a new classification system, for the first time. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty-nine consecutive cases of Eales′ disease were included. All the eyes were staged according to the new classification: Stage 1: periphlebitis of small (1a) and large (1b) caliber vessels with superficial retinal hemorrhages; Stage 2a: capillary non-perfusion, 2b: neovascularization elsewhere/of the disc; Stage 3a: fibrovascular proliferation, 3b: vitreous hemorrhage; Stage 4a: traction/combined rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and 4b: rubeosis iridis, neovascular glaucoma, complicated cataract and optic atrophy. Visual acuity was graded as: Grade I 20/20 or better; Grade II 20/30 to 20/40; Grade III 20/60 to 20/120 and Grade IV 20/200 or worse. All the cases were managed by medical therapy, photocoagulation and/or vitreoretinal surgery. Visual acuity was converted into decimal scale, denoting 20/20=1 and 20/800=0.01. Paired t-test / Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: Vitreous hemorrhage was the commonest presenting feature (49.32%). Cases with Stages 1 to 3 and 4a and 4b achieved final visual acuity ranging from 20/15 to 20/40; 20/80 to 20/400 and 20/200 to 20/400, respectively. Statistically significant improvement in visual acuities was observed in all the stages of the disease except Stages 1a and 4b. Conclusion: Significant improvement in visual acuities was observed in the majority of stages of Eales′ disease following treatment. This study adds further to the little available evidences of treatment effects in literature and may have effect on patient care and health policy in Eales′ disease.
Evaluation of neural reflex activation as a mode of action for the acute respiratory effects of ozone

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Exposure to elevated levels of ozone has been associated with a variety of respiratory-related health endpoints in both epidemiology and controlled human exposure studies, including lung function decrements and airway inflammation. A mode of action (MoA) for these effects has not been established, but it has been proposed that they may occur through ozone-induced activation of neural reflexes. We critically reviewed experimental studies of ozone exposure and neural reflex activation and applied the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) mode-of-action/human relevance framework to evaluate the biological plausibility and human relevance of this proposed MoA. Based on the currently available experimental data, we found that the proposed MoA of neural reflex activation is biologically plausible for the endpoint of ozone-induced lung function decrements at high ozone exposures, but further studies are needed to fill important data gaps regarding the relevance of this MoA at lower exposures. A role for the proposed MoA in ozone-induced airway inflammation is less plausible, as the evidence is conflicting and is also of unclear relevance given the lack of studies conducted at lower exposures. The evidence suggests a different MoA for ozone-induced inflammation that may still be linked to the key events in the proposed MoA, such that neural reflex activation may have some degree of involvement in modulating ozone-induced neutrophil influx, even if it is not a direct role.
Diels–alder reactions of anthracenes with C‐sulfonyldithioformates

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract C‐Sulfonyldithioformates ( 2 ) (R 1 = ArSO 2 , R 2 = ArS) readily add to anthracene and 9‐methylanthracene ( 1 ) in a Diels–Alder fashion with formation of 9,10‐dihydro‐10,9‐(epithiomethano)anthracenes ( 3 ) which in turn may suffer thermally induced elimination of arenesulfinic acid to yield the 9‐anthracenedithiocarboxylic esters ( 4 ). The reactions with the unsymmetrical diene 9‐methylanthracene take place in a highly stereoselective fashion. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:170–174, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10119
Dry annealing of radiation-damaged zircon: Single-crystal X-ray and Raman spectroscopy study

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Structural reconstitution upon dry thermal annealing of mildly to strongly radiation-damaged, gem-quality zircon from Sri Lanka has been studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Results of structure refinement of a strongly radiation-damaged zircon (sample GZ5, calculated alpha dose ~4 × 1018 g−1) indicate the existence of an interstitial oxygen site that is sparsely occupied (about 4% of all O atoms). Annealing of this sample at Ta (annealing temperature) = 700 °C has resulted in nearly complete recrystallization of its amorphous volume fraction and significant decrease in the occupation of O-interstitial sites. For all samples studied, annealing up to Ta ≤ 650–700 °C is characterised by preferred recovery of Raman shifts (compared to Raman FWHMs; full width at half band maximum) and extensive contraction of the unit-cell volume, in particular along unit-cell dimension a. This low-T annealing is dominated by epitaxial growth of the crystalline volume fraction at the expense of the amorphous volume fraction, and general recovery of low-energy defects. During annealing at Ta = 700–1400 °C there is preferred recovery of Raman FWHMs (compared to Raman shifts) and only mild unit-cell contraction. High-T annealing is dominated by the recovery of high-energy defects such as recombination of cation Frenkel pairs. Here, unit-cell parameter a shows a remarkable behaviour (namely, mild re-increase at Ta = 700–1150 °C and mild final shrinking at Ta = 1000–1400 °C), which is attributed to enhanced contortion of ZrO8 polyhedrons due to cation repulsion. The combined data set of Raman band and unit-cell parameter presented herein will help analysts to assign Raman spectra of annealed unknowns to certain recovery stages.
Effects of electrode surface structure on the mechanoelectrical transduction of IPMC sensors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study investigates the effects of electrode surface structure on the mechanoelectrical transduction of IPMC sensors. A physics-based mechanoelectrical transduction model was developed that takes into account the electrode surface profile (shape) by describing the polymer-electrode interface as a Koch fractal structure. Based on the model, the electrode surface effects were experimentally investigated in case of IPMCs with Pd-Pt electrodes. IPMCs with different electrode surface structures were fabricated through electroless plating process by appropriately controlling the synthesis parameters and conditions. The changes in the electrode surface morphology and the corresponding effects on the IPMC mechanoelectrical transduction were examined. Our experimental results indicate that increasing the dispersion of Pd particles near the membrane surface, and thus the polymer-electrode interfacial area, leads to a higher peak mechanoelectrically induced voltage of IPMC. However, the overall effect of the electrode surface structure is relatively low compared to the electromechanical transduction, which is in good agreement with theoretical prediction.
Study on the Coordination of Supply Chain Based on Carbon Emissions Trading Considering the Retailers’ Competition

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

\nThis paper studies the coordination of supply chain in the context of carbon emissions trading mechanism, which considering the competition between retailers. Centralized and decentralized supply chain models were constructed to discuss the price of product, to avoid the losses of profit from the decentralized decision-making, the revenue-sharing contract was introduced to coordinate the supply chain. Research shows that the carbon emissions trading reduce emissions effectively, but the higher price of carbon emissions trading cut down the total profit of supply chain; The competition between retailers upgrades the supply chain members’ profit; Coordination was achieved by introducing the revenue-sharing contract. Finally, numerical example was given to illustrate the validity of the revenue-sharing contract, and the sensitivity analysis of parameters such as the price of the emissions trading and the retailers’ competition were presented.\n
Right to challenge the resolutions to reorganize company under Polish Code of Commercial Companies

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper deals with the issues related to challenging resolutions to merge, division or transformation of companies under Polish law. The Polish regulation stipulates two types of actions that may be brought in case of infringement of the legal, procedural or contractual requirements, which are action for annulment of resolution to reorganize a company and action for declaration of invalidity of resolution to reorganize a company. Specific premises of challenging were directly regulated in provisions concerning these types of reorganization. There have been also analyzed issues of non-challenging a resolution on the grounds of objections to the share exchange ratio. The primary aim of this paper was to present the most important difference between possibility to bring an action pending normal functioning of company and during the reorganization of company.
Two Byzantine Medical Texts in Verse Translated into English: Diagnosis and Treatment of Disease

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article aims to provide an English translation of two particularly popular Byzantine medical texts in verse, focusing on diagnosis by the examination of venesected blood and urine. Furthermore, these texts provide valuable therapeutic advice, especially for the use of drugs. They are composed in the form of liturgical hymns, combining mnemonic techniques. These hymns survive in various recensions and are often ascribed either to Nikephoros Blemmydes or Maximos Planoudes, both late Byzantine intellectuals and renowned teachers of advanced educational programs in Nicaea and Constantinople, respectively.
Promising new developments in the systemic treatment of ovarian cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Advanced-stage cancer of the ovary is the most lethal of gynecologic malignancies, affecting African-American and white women with approximately equal frequency. In large part, ovarian cancer's lethality is due to the fact that most women are diagnosed with disease that is widespread throughout the abdomen and pelvis. This article reviews recent developments in the identification of new treatment approaches to ovarian cancer. Discussion focuses on current drug development activities of the Medical Ovarian Cancer Section of the National Cancer Institute, with reference to pertinent literature from other institutions. The drugs discussed are in clinical trials as of this writing. They include paclitaxel, an agent with a novel molecular mechanism of action; colony-stimulating factors, which enhance the therapeutic index of cytotoxic agents; and the antiproliferative agents suramin and carboxyamidotriazole.
Hordeum vulgare L. 1991-HOR-VU-13

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Hordeum vulgare L.
Common name(s): Barley
Conserved by: Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (IPGR), Bulgaria
Local sample unique identifier: 1991-HOR-VU-13
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1991
Other identifiers: n/a,BGR001:91BM138, n/a,BGR001:BGR28548
Historical: No
Conflict of Interest Policy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

From the Department of Orthopaedics, Lebanon, NH. Address correspondence and reprint requests to James N. Weinstein, DO, MS, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedics, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756; E-mail: [email protected] Acknowledgment date: June 6, 2011. Acceptance date: June 6, 2011. The manuscript submitted does not contain information about medical device(s)/drug(s). No funds were received in support of this work. No benefits in any form have been or will be received from a commercial party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this manuscript.