jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Blind Man's Bluff: The Untold Story of American Submarine Espionage

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

PrologueA Deadly BeginningWhiskey A-Go-GoTurn to the DeepVelvet FistDeath of a SubmarineThe Ballad of Whitey MackHere She ComesOshkosh BGoshThe USD500 Million Sand CastleTriumph and CrisisThe Crown JewelsTrust but VerifyEpilogue
Social Change and Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique: A Study of the Charismatic Author-Leader

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this thesis I explore the significance of the publication of Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique (1963) to the emergence of the second wave Women's Liberation Movement in the US in the late 1960s. To this end, I deploy key concepts provided through social movement theory (eg collective identity, collective action frames, social problem construction). I also incorporate Max Weber and Antonio Gramsci's insights on the indispensable role played by leaders who demonstrate a clear and effective political will. Weber's three part model of pure charisma is used as a general template for understanding the impact of Friedan's text. I critique aspects of Weber's theory of charisma, in particular his failure to appreciate that the written word can mark the initial emergence phase of charisma rather than its routinisation. I augment Weber's insights on charismatic leadership by attending to Gramsci's emphasis on the necessity of winning the 'war of ideas' that must be waged at the level of civil society within advanced capitalist societies. I examine Gramsci's understanding of the power available to the organic intellectual who is aligned with the interests of subaltern groups and who succeeds in revealing the hegemonic commitments of accepted 'common sense'. In the latter part of this thesis, I apply these many useful concepts to my case study analysis of Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique. I argue that Friedan's accessible, middlebrow text gave birth to a new discursive politics which was critically important not only for older women, but for a younger generation of more radicalised women. I emphasise how Friedan's text mounted a concerted attack on the discursive construction of femininity under patriarchal capitalism. I question Friedan's diagnostic claim that the problems American women faced were adequately captured by the terminology of the trapped housewife syndrome. I conclude by arguing that social movement researchers have to date failed to appreciate the leadership potential of the charismatic author-leader who succeeds in addressing and offering a solution to a pressing social problem through the medium of a best-selling, middlebrow text.
Value-based approach in communication management as an innovative solution of Russia's nuclear power industry

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Nuclear power represents a wide communication potential and technological capabilities. At the same time, the field of nuclear energy is undergoing a state of crisis that hinders its development. The purpose of the article is to prove the hypothesis that the introduction of a value-based approach to communication management will help overcome existing problems and thereby significantly increase the efficiency of the nuclear industry. The innovative impact of the introduction of the value-based approach in one of the divisions of ROSATOM State Corporation is considered. The concepts of VBA, which are essential for understanding communication management, are described; the main components of the VBA are considered, and the key stages of its implementation in an energy company are outlined. The principles testifying to the correct development of the company after changing the course of communication management based on the approach are given. Based on the results of a comprehensive analysis, estimates of ROSATOM's value-focused activities in the cities of its presence are given: the corporation's value-oriented programs and projects are analyzed, the basics of information and communication policy and top-priority strategic components in the communication management system are formulated. The influence of the VBA, as an innovation, on the reputation of the company and the effectiveness of its activities is revealed. The research methodology contains a set of approaches that have been developed in PR practice, including categorical analysis based on theoretical sources, content analysis of information flows generated by the company, consideration of an example of implemented VBA implementation activities in the company's corporate environment, as well as a heuristic method of participant observation. The considered specific examples of VBA implementation in ROSATOM's fuel division have made it possible to determine the innovative nature and unparalleled impact of this approach at the current stage of civilization development.
Difusi Bebas 1D dan 2D dengan Monte Carlo: Perbandingan Distribusi Bilangan Random Normal dan Seragam dengan Box-Müller

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Many biological processes in the human body are based on the diffusion system. Diffusion is defined as a process of random movement of the particle whose the direction is from high concentrations to low concentrations. Many of various study of diffusion have been done both experimentally and computationally. Because the particle interaction is stochastic, the Monte Carlo (MC) method is used in performing particle simulations. The main of MC method is the use of random numbers. Many software have provided uniform random number generators. But based on the analytic results, the solution is normal distribution. Therefore, Box-Müller can be used as a transformation of particle distribution. The software used, MATLAB, has a normal random generator. Therefore, the aims of this study is comparing particle distribution of these two different random number generator with MATLAB and showing the impact of timestep parameter to these random number generator. This result can be used as based for the modelling of more complex biological systems.
EARLY GROWTH RESPONSE AND NUTRIENTS QUALITY OF FIG (Ficus carica L.) PLANTED ON BRIS SOIL EFFECTED BY CHICKEN MANURE AMENDMENTS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Allah S.W.T swears by the fig tree (Sura’ 95, al-Tin) in the holy Quran, for its values and practices. Recently, the fig tree (Ficus carica L.) has been introduced in Malaysia’s tropical weather as it grows well with maximum activity. Its root favors a well-drained type of soil, and since BRIS (Beach Ridges Interspersed with Swales) are dominated by sandy texture with proper water percolation, it has a high potential for fig planting. However, BRIS is known to have low nutrient holding capacity but can be improved with organic amendments. This study was carried out to determine the effects of various rates of chicken manure as amendments in improving the BRIS soil health for the growth of fig trees. The BRIS soil was amended with different rates of 10% (T2), 20% (T3), 30% (T4), and 50% (T5) of chicken manure and 0% (T1) as control. Three months old saplings were propagated through hardwood cuttings of variety BTM6 with five replications in each treatment. The growth response and nutrients quality of the fig trees were observed biweekly for three months after the transplant, and the nutrient contents of amended and non-amended showed significant differences at p<0.05. The survivability of the trees was 100%, and a significant difference was found between the treatments. BRIS soil with 40% chicken manure amendments (T4) showed superlative growth response with the highest number of branches, leaves, and fruits, thus provide higher yield production as compared to other treatments. From this study, BRIS soil that is known to be problematic can be improved with correct rates of organic amendments and can be used for fig cultivation.
Effect of Storage Humidity on Physical Stability and Aerosol Performance of Spray-Dried Dry Powder Inhaler Formulations

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Dry Powder inhalers (DPIs) have been one of the most promising developments in pulmonary drug delivery systems. In general, DPIs are more effective than systemic administrations and convenient to use. However, delivering high-dose antibiotics through a DPI is still a challenge because high powder load may need a very large inhaler or increase the incidence of local adverse effects. Spray drying has been increasingly applied to produce DPI formulations for high-dose antibiotics; nevertheless, many spray-dried particles are amorphous and physically unstable during storage, particularly under the humid environment. My research focuses on addressing critical challenges in physical stability of DPIs for spray-dried high-dose antibiotics. The effects of moisture-induced crystallization on physical stability and aerosol performance of spray-dried amorphous Ciprofloxacin DPI formulations stored at different humidity conditions were studied. Our study not only provided a mechanistic understanding in the impact of crystallization on aerosol performance but also developed novel approaches for improving stability of spray-dried formulations used in DPI. Our work has shown that recrystallization of amorphous spray-dried Ciprofloxacin led to significant changes in aerosol performance of DPIs upon storage, which cause critical quality and safety concerns. These challenges have been solved through co-spray-drying Ciprofloxacin with either excipient such as leucine or synergistic antibiotic like Colistin. Co-spray-drying Ciprofloxacin with Colistin not only improved physical and aerosol stability but also enhanced antibacterial activity which is a great advantage for treating ‘difficult to cure’ respiratory infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria. My research work is a sincere effort to maximize the utility and efficacy of high-dose DPI, an effective delivery tool for treating severe resistant bacterial respiratory infections.
Scintillation index analysis for multi-wavelength Gaussian beams in turbulent underwater channels

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the scintillation index of multi-wavelength Gaussian optical beams propagating through a turbulent optical channel. We consider a turbulent environment ranging from weak to strong, with a specific focus on the weak turbulent regime. Furthermore, the impacts of absorption and scattering effects are taken into account. It is shown here that the use of a multi-wavelength beam results in a reduction in the scintillation index, thereby enhancing the performance of the underwater optical link.
The possibility of using entomopathogenic nematodes and entomophages as bioagents of the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The article presents the results of studies on the possibility of using entomopathogenic nematodes and entomophages against the western corn rootworm. It is established that the bioagents under study are able to regulate the number of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte. The obtained results showed the prospects of using these biological agents for phytophage control.
Restriction of right to prescribe

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

that in "normal" twin pairs' (anaemic twin IgG 5 40 g/l; normal twin IgG 5 43 g/l).In contrast, in cases of the chronic type of fetofetal transfusion syndrome the donor twin had abnormally low levels of IgG whereas those of the recipient were within the normal range.3There were invariably large intrapair discrepancies and we suggest that this may be due to a disturbance in the maternofetal transfer of the immunoglobulin across the donor portion of the placenta, which is fre- quently oedematous and histologically abnormal in such cases.4
Forecasting Financial Distressed Companies in Taiwan by Using the Concept of the EBO Model

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Financial distress has been an important topic in corporate governance. This study applies Edwards-Bell-Ohlson (EBO) model to forecast financial distress. Using the critical variables in the EBO model, we also apply Classification and Regression Tree (CART) to forecast. The decision tree is intended to provide a better idea of what impacts the financial distress. There are 36 listed companies in Taiwan Stock Exchange Corporation as the data sample. These data are further divided for in-sample estimation and out-of-sample forecasting. The in-sample data are used to establish a decision tree and to test the EBO model. The out-of-sample forecasting data are used to evaluate forecasting performance. The empirical results are compared to demonstrate the advantages of both the EBO model and the decision tree.
Prospect of Mini-Hydel Power Generation in Drainage Systems of Bangladesh

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In today's world, large scale hydroelectric power plants have an impact in the energy demography; although, the huge potential of pico, micro and mini-hydropower plants are still very much untapped. In this work, a techno-economic viability, of mini hydro power potential from drainage water, has been investigated in four areas of Dhaka city. Considering the head of water fall and the flow rate in the drainage system, technical, economic and environmental parameters are studied. 100 kW to 500 kW power can be generated from the proposed system with economic benefit of around BDT 3. 9M to 28M per year, and emissions reduction of around 500 to 3000 ton- CO 2 /year.
Nephrotic syndrome in Nepalese children: clinical profile, histopathology and outcome in a tertiary care center of Nepal.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The demographic, clinical features, steroid response, histopathology and complications of all children diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital over a 3-year period. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted among patients who were admitted in the Pediatrics ward of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital with the diagnosis of Nephrotic syndrome from April 2010 to April 2013. Results: During the study period from 2010 April to 2013 April, there were total of 80 patients admitted with the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome. There was male preponderance with sex ratio 1.28:1. Mean age of patient at first episode was 8.51±4.33 years. Among the admitted patients, 48.8% (41) of children had single episode whereas steroid resistance was observed in 16.2% (13) of patients. Hematuria and hypertension were present in 21.2% (7) and 50% (40) of patients respectively. Renal dysfunction was present in 21.2% (17). Pneumonia was the most common complications 18.8% (15), followed by UTI 8.8%(7), spontaneous bacterial peritonitis 3.8% (3) and acute renal failure 7.5% (8). Two patients had multiple complications. Alternative therapies were used in 25% (20) of patients and cyclophosphamide was used most commonly as alternative therapy which was used in 17.4% (14). Most common histopathological diagnosis was FSGS 30.3% (10) followed by MPGN 15.5% (5), SLE nephropathy 15.5% (5) and IgA nephropathy 15.5% (5) Conclusion: The clinical course of childhood NS in Nepal is similar to the developed world. Differences at Presentation included older age and increased prevalence of microscopic hematuria, hypertension
The prevalence of consolidated salivary deposits in the small ducts of human submandibular glands

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract. Deposits of apparently solid material were observed in the small salivary ducts in a series of non‐diseased submandibular glands obtained from necropsies evenly divided by sex and adult age. The deposits were of granular or laminated structure. They were of mixed staining, the majority being predominantly eosinophilic. A small number of deposits were essentially wholly hematoxylinophilic and some of these were probably calcified. The prevalence of deposits, expressed as the number per unit sectional area, increased steadily with increasing age but was unrelated to sex. An apparently close correlation between intraductal salivary deposits and foci of obstructive adenitis in the same series of glands was shown to be mainly due to the common influence of age. The deposits probably form by precipitation of salivary glycoprotein, possibly because of parenchymal age changes. They may be related to early salivary lithogenesis but the statistical evidence of this study suggests that they are unlikely to be a major factor in the etiology of focal obstructive adenitis.
COMPUTER SIMULATION OF FLOW IN CORRUGATED CHANNEL OF PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Statement of the problem. The heat exchange process occurring in a modified corrugated interplate channel of an intensified plate heat exchanger with an increased turbulence of the heat carrier is discussed. A computer model of the coolant movement in the speed range of 0.1--1.5 m/s is developed and the turbulence coefficient of the plate heat exchanger is determined.Results. The article presents the results of computer modeling of the coolant movement in the interplate corrugated channel of the original plate heat exchanger using the Ansys software package. The criteria of system stability are defined. 3D modeling of the channel formed by corrugated plates is performed. In the study of the process of turbulence several high-speed modes of movement of the coolant were considered. The turbulence coefficient Tu, % is determined. Conclusions. As a result of computer simulation, an increase in the heat transfer coefficient K, W/(m2 ℃) was found due to an increased turbulization of the flow, which leads to a decrease in metal consumption and a decrease in the cost of heat exchange equipment.
Insulin-like growth factor-1 and zinc status of goitrous primary-school children in Arak, Islamic Republic of Iran

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Despite a successful national salt iodinization programme, endemic goitre still persists in Iranian children. In a cross-sectional study in Arak the prevalence of goitre was 5.2% in a sample of 6520 primary-school children. Subsamples of 193 children with goitre and 151 healthy children were assessed for urinary iodine excretion, thyroid hormone profile, insulin-like growth factor-1 (ICF-1) and serum zinc. The mean urinary iodine levels of goitrous children and healthy children were 17.4 microg/dL and 15.3 microg/dL respectively, suggesting that iodine consumption was adequate. No significant differences were found between goitrous and healthy schoolchildren in mean levels of urinary iodine, serum IGF-1 or serum zinc. Other factors need be evaluated to, explain the residual prevalence of goitre.
Reproductive Development of Northern and Southern Strains of Plum Curculio (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Reproductive Development of Northern and Southern Strains of Plum Curculio (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Get access Eric J. Hoffmann, Eric J. Hoffmann Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Andrea B. Coombs, Andrea B. Coombs Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mark E. Whalon Mark E. Whalon 1 Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 1E-mail: whalon@msu.edu. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 97, Issue 1, 1 February 2004, Pages 27–32, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/97.1.27 Published: 01 February 2004 Article history Received: 31 March 2003 Accepted: 09 October 2003 Published: 01 February 2004
Multiple Cognitive Abilities from a Single Cortical Algorithm

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract One strong claim made by the representational–hierarchical account of cortical function in the ventral visual stream (VVS) is that the VVS is a functional continuum: The basic computations carried out in service of a given cognitive function, such as recognition memory or visual discrimination, might be the same at all points along the VVS. Here, we use a single-layer computational model with a fixed learning mechanism and set of parameters to simulate a variety of cognitive phenomena from different parts of the functional continuum of the VVS: recognition memory, categorization of perceptually related stimuli, perceptual learning of highly similar stimuli, and development of retinotopy and orientation selectivity. The simulation results indicate—consistent with the representational–hierarchical view—that the simple existence of different levels of representational complexity in different parts of the VVS is sufficient to drive the emergence of distinct regions that appear to be specialized for solving a particular task, when a common neurocomputational learning algorithm is assumed across all regions. Thus, our data suggest that it is not necessary to invoke computational differences to understand how different cortical regions can appear to be specialized for what are considered to be very different psychological functions.
The consequences of strategic prioritization in working memory

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Within working memory, a subset of information can be strategically prioritized when considered highly relevant. This relevance may stem from objective task demands or more subjective factors, both of which improve memory performance. The present study examines three approaches traditionally used to induce strategic prioritization in visual working memory: test-relevance cuing, rewarding, and refreshing. Specifically, we systematically compared their behavioral consequences within a single paradigm to investigate how the memory boosts they produce can be understood, as either driven by a common underlying prioritization mechanism or multiple distinct mechanisms. Our findings suggest that strategic prioritization does not rely on a single mechanism but instead involves two prioritization modes that depend on the predictive value of the priority signal and task context. We propose a dual-mode view in which strategic prioritization operates either in a focused mode, likely to involve focused attentional resource allocation, or a more diffuse mode, which enhances prioritized information through subtle resource shifts or alternative processes. While test-relevance cuing consistently engages focused prioritization, rewarding appears more flexible, sometimes reflecting focused prioritization and other times a more diffuse mode. Refreshing remains less well understood but does not appear to rely on focused prioritization. These findings highlight the complexity of strategic prioritization in working memory and suggest that not all approaches may consistently rely on the focus of attention to prioritize information in working memory.