jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A scalable share differentiation architecture for elastic and real-time traffic

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Today's Internet lacks the mechanisms necessary for traffic isolation (to divide resources fairly) and differentiation (to allocate resources to users according to their willingness to pay). In this work, we present a new architecture for relative service differentiation, scalable share differentiation (SSD), which allocates network resources on a user basis and properly provides for both elastic and real-time traffic isolation and meaningful differentiation. SSD does not require the storage of any per-flow or per-user information at the core nodes and is inherently designed to work without admission control, making it easier to deploy and manage. In addition, we present a way to provide more fine-grained flow control to users without changing the concepts of SSD, which permits users to choose different priorities for their packets/flows. This allows the integration of a novel concept for improving the service quality given to user flows: user-based admission control. With user-based admission control, the network is unaware of admission control decisions, and the user himself can perform the tasks of accepting, rejecting and prioritizing flows.
Protecting Databases from Schema Disclosure - A CRUD-Based Protection Model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Database schemas, in many organizations, are considered one of the critical assets to be protected. From database schemas, it is not only possible to infer the information being collected but also the way organizations manage their businesses and/or activities. One of the ways to disclose database schemas is through the Create, Read, Update and Delete (CRUD) expressions. In fact, their use can follow strict security rules or be unregulated by malicious users. In the first case, users are required to master database schemas. This can be critical when applications that access the database directly, which we call database interface applications (DIA), are developed by third party organizations via outsourcing. In the second case, users can disclose partially or totally database schemas following malicious algorithms based on CRUD expressions. To overcome this vulnerability, we propose a new technique where CRUD expressions cannot be directly manipulated by DIAs any more. Whenever a DIA starts-up, the associated database server generates a random codified token for each CRUD expression and sends it to the DIA that the database servers can use to execute the correspondent CRUD expression. In order to validate our proposal, we present a conceptual architectural model and a proof of concept.
Pathogenicity and Volatile Nematicidal Metabolites from Duddingtonia flagrans against Meloidogyne incognita

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant parasitic nematodes, especially parasitic root-knot nematodes, are one of the most destructive plant pathogens worldwide. The control of plant root-knot nematodes is extremely challenging. Duddingtonia flagrans is a type of nematode-trapping fungi (NTF), which produces three-dimensional adhesive networks to trap nematodes. In this study, the pathogenicity and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the NTF D. flagrans against the plant root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, were investigated. The predatory process of D. flagrans trapping M. incognita was observed using scanning electron microscopy. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the VOCs from D. flagrans led to the identification of 52 metabolites, of which 11 main compounds were tested individually for their activity against M. incognita. Three compounds, cyclohexanamine, cyclohexanone, and cyclohexanol, were toxic to M. incognita. Furthermore, these three VOCs inhibited egg hatching of M. incognita. Cyclohexanamine showed the highest nematicidal activity, which can cause 97.93% mortality of M. incognita at 8.71 µM within 12 h. The number of hatched juveniles per egg mass after 3 days was just 8.44 when treated with 26.14 µM cyclohexanamine. This study is the first to demonstrate the nematicidal activity of VOCs produced by D. flagrans against M. incognita, which indicates that D. flagrans has the potential to biocontrol plant root-knot nematodes.
Some Notes on The Stockholm Theory of Savings And Investment I.

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Owing to a coincidence of circumstances, already at an early stage of the depression Swedish economists came to deal with the problem of variations in employment, output and prices by means of a theoretical apparatus rather different from the price theory in economic textbooks. There are surprising similarities as well as striking differences between that apparatus and the conclusions reached in Sweden on the one hand and Mr. Keynes' "General Theory" on the other hand. Hoping that a discussion of two independent attacks on the same set of problems may throw some light on the latter, I intend in this and the succeeding paper to make some observations on these two theories. In view of the fact that the Stockholm approach and theories are only partly available in other languages than Swedish, I shall begin with some observations on this work—pointing out differences from and similarities with Keynes' position—and come in a second article to some critical notes on his theory. A more complete comparison between the two bodies of doctrines will have to wait until the Stockholm theory has been made available in English.
Intervention regarding the consultation on "Proceeding to establish a mandatory code for mobile wireless services:" Telecom Notice of Consultation CRTC 2012-557, 11 October 2012 and CRTC 2012-557-1, 1 November 2012

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This intervention into the development of a Wireless Code is based on evidence from research with youth and seniors on their negotiation of wireless services in Canada, along with a crosscultural examination of similar regulatory provisions in Australia and the United Kingdom. Based on this research, we suggest that a Wireless Code would require increased clarity of contracts and pricing plans, special considerations for vulnerable consumer groups, an inclusion of specifics for mobile data services in addition to voice services, and a set of complementary resources for consumer education. Our intervention addresses two consultation objectives in particular: I. The content of the Wireless Code; and III. How the Wireless Code should be enforced and promoted.
[Improving the Efficiency and Safety of Human CCR5 Gene Editing by Selection of Optimal Guide RNAs for SpCAS9 and CAS12A].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Advances in CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing have opened up treatment alternatives for many human diseases, including HIV infection. Knockout of the CCR5 gene as a potential way to treat HIV infection has long been studied. Here we analyzed guide RNAs for SpCas9 and AsCas12a nucleases targeting CCR5 gene which had been previously studied and selected the most effective among them. We also designed novel guide RNAs for the same nucleases using bioinformatics resources. We compared the efficiency of target site cleavage for all selected gRNAs using three nucleases: wt SpCas9, SpCas9-HF1-plus, and AsCas12a, as well as their off- target activities. We demonstrated that among the tested guide RNAs two for SpCas9- HF1-plus and three for AsCas12a exhibited high cleavage activity, cutting CCR5 gene in 60-72% of cells, and had off-target activities below the limit of detection. Thus, these guide RNAs may be candidates for future development of gene therapies against HIV infection.
Electrothermal oscillations and the quasi-linear theory of electron enthalpy fluctuations in magnetohydrodynamic generators and magnetoplasmadynamic arc thrusters /

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Flucturations in electron density and temperature coupled through OHM's Law are studied for MHD power generator and MPD arc thruster applications. The dispersion relation based on linear theory is derived, and the two limiting cases of infinite ionization rate and frozen flow are examined. The nonlinear effects of the frozen flow case are then studied in the quasilinear limit. Equations are derived for the amplitude of the fluctuation and its effect upon Ohm's Law and the electron temperature equation. Conditions under which a steady state can exist in the presence of the fluctuation are examined, and effective transport properties are determined.
ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY, PATHOGENS AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS OF CHILDREN WITH ACUTE URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Adequate treatment of acute urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children depends on knowledge of the local pattern of causative pathogens and associated risk factors. We explored these patterns and risk factors in a group of children who attended the Pediatric department of Mayo Hospital Lahore with symptoms of acute UTI. Methods: This is a prospective hospital study conducted in the Pediatric department of Mayo Hospital Lahore for one-year duration from March 2019 to March 2020. Urine culture and sensitivity testing was performed for symptomatic children who had positive urine dipstick tests for nitrates and leukocyte esterase. Results: Acute UTI was confirmed in 100 children, 74% of them were below 5-years of age and 35% were infants. The male-female ratio of affected children was 2.1:1 among infants, and 1:1.2 among older children. Uncircumcision and infancy were significantly more prevalent among children confirmed to have UTI compared to children with non-significant bacteriuria. E. coli was the most commonly isolated pathogen (60%). Mean susceptibility of all isolates was high to gentamicin (96%), ciprofloxacin (94%), ceftriaxone (90%), and cefixime (85%). Mean susceptibility was moderate to cefuroxime (75%), nalidixic acid (74%), and nitrofurantoin (70%), and low to cephalexin (51%), cotrimoxazole (26%), amoxicillin-clavulanate (19%) and ampicillin (14%). Ultrasound scan was feasible in 89 children with confirmed UTI, revealing renal stones in six children (6.7%). Micturating cysto-urethrogram (MCUG) was indicated for 28 children but was feasible for only 15 children, revealing low-grade vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR) in five of them. Conclusion: E. coli was the commonest causative organism of acute UTI in our setting. Isolated pathogens were highly resistant to conventional empiric therapy. Male uncircumcision was significantly associated with UTI among the study patients. Keywords: Acute Urinary Tract Infections, Children, Pathogens, Antimicrobial susceptibility
Identification and validation of mutator-derived lncRNA signatures of genome instability for predicting prognosis of Pancreatic Cancer patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Currently, the long-term prognosis of pancreatic cancer (PC) is difficult to accurately predict. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify lncRNA associated with genome instability, and establish genome instability-derived lncRNA signature (GILncSig). Method: Clinical information, RNA-seq expression data and somatic mutation data were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The GO and KEEG analysis was applied to built lncRNAs–mRNA co-expression network was associated with the genome instability.Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression were used to single out the independently prognostic lncRNA in PC patients. Finally, 9 lncrnas were discovered and incorporated into the construction of GILncSig. Patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups based on the median risk score, and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to compare the overall survival between the two groups. Results: KEEG analysis are mainly enriched in a variety of cell signal transduction and metabolism. The risk score of GILncSig was built by 9 lncRNA (SOCS2-AS1, AC127024.6, TRPC7-AS1, AL359504.1, AL117382.2, LYPLAL1-AS1, LINC02014, CASC8, KRT7-AS), and the Kaplan–Meier curve showed that the prognosis of low risk patient were better than high risk patients in the testing group(p=0.003) and the whole TCGA patients(p<0.001). According to the assessment of genome instability, KRAS wide-type patients was divided into two groups, with the genome stable group showing significantly improved outcome and the genome unstable group showing no significant difference compared with those with KRAS mutation. Conclusion: This study provides a prognostic model for predicting the prognosis of PC patients, and introduces reference and evidence of the role of lncRNA in genome instability in the further study.
Optimizing Employee Recognition Through AI-Driven Insights

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

As artificial intelligence transforms industries, employee recognition practices are evolving beyond traditional methods to meet the needs of a digitally native workforce. This article synthesizes research on effective recognition strategies while examining how AI can enhance these practices through data-driven insights and personalization. It highlights AI's capacity to identify achievements in real-time and tailor recognition to individual preferences, while acknowledging challenges related to fairness, transparency, and the essential role of human judgment. Drawing on empirical evidence and case studies from technology and healthcare sectors, the article provides practical frameworks for HR leaders to implement AI-powered recognition systems that maintain appropriate human oversight, address algorithmic bias through diverse teams, and provide transparency into decision processes. Organizations that successfully balance technological capabilities with meaningful human involvement can achieve significant improvements in employee satisfaction, motivation, and retention while creating recognition practices that scale effectively in the age of AI.
PaR PhDs: A Guideline/Clew to a Successful Outcome for All (Candidates, Examiners, Administrators, Regulators)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A decade ago, I undertook (with Stuart Andrews) a small research project into the regulatory frameworks of PaR PhDs in the UK and the experiences of students undertaking them.1 At that time the findings on the latter aspect particularly made somewhat sorry reading. It became clear that many British HE institutions did not understand — or in some cases acknowledge — PaR, even though they had registered students to undertake PhDs on this basis. Students who had completed their programmes reported that the practice (typically submitted on a DVD) had been totally ignored by the examiners: the viva voce had referred only to the written submission. Some institutions discovered, as noted in Chapter 3, that their regulations required study in accordance with 'the scientific method' and thus effectively precluded the submission of creative practice. This chapter speaks directly in the first person to prospective PaR PhD students, though it is hoped that supervisors and regulators will also draw some insights from it.
Targeted myocardial transgenic expression of HIV Tat causes cardiomyopathy and mitochondrial damage

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cardiac effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transactivator (Tat) are unclear, but Tat decreases liver glutathione (an important mitochondrial antioxidant) when ubiquitously expressed in transgenic mice (TG). With an α-myosin heavy chain promoter, Tat was selectively targeted to murine cardiac myocytes. One high-expression hemizygous ( +/− Tat high ; 12 copies) and two low-expression ( +/− Tat lowA,B ; 2–5 copies) TG lines were created. Cardiomyopathy was documented with increased left ventricle (LV) mass, ventricular expression of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) mRNA, mitochondrial ultrastructural defects, and myocardial depletion of glutathione. In +/− Tat high TGs, normalized LV mass (determined echocardiographically) increased 46% (90 days), 134% (240 days), and 96% (365 days) compared with wild-type littermates (WT). LV fractional shortening was decreased to 28% (90 days), 27% (240 days), and 19% (365 days). +/− Tat low LV mass was unchanged (≤365 days). ANF in +/− Tat high ventricles (180 days) was twofold WT values. Glutathione was selectively decreased in +/− Tat high hearts (120 days). +/− Tat high hearts contained damaged mitochondria (≥210 days); however, profound mitochondrial destruction occurred in homozygous +/+ Tat high hearts (10 days) and the pups died (14 days). Tat caused cardiac dysfunction in this TG and may impact on cardiomyopathy in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Research on Text Classification Method of Distribution Network Terminal Debugging Job Based on Hierarchical Comprehensive Context

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Since a lot of historical operation description texts in the distribution network terminal automation system, and there is a lack of classification efficiency and accuracy between manual classification and traditional text classification methods. In order to realize the effective classification of job text information, a neural network classification model based on hierarchical comprehensive context is constructed by using the features of debugging job text of distribution network terminal. By combining LSTM network with temporal convolution network and combining residual and attention mechanism, context information is extracted and integrated with original input. Hierarchical extraction of content and deep semantic features and long-term history fuzzy information recording are realized. The experiment on the text data set of distribution network terminal debugging operation shows that this method has better optimization effect than CNN and TCN model under the selected evaluation indexes. The model can extract the defect content and sequence information more comprehensively, realize the accurate automatic classification of debugging text, effectively improve the intelligent level of distribution network terminal debugging, and promote the application of text processing technology in power grid.
The carbon balance of forest soils: detectability of changes in soil carbon stocks in temperate and Boreal forests

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Estimating soil carbon content as the product of mean carbon concentration and bulk density can result in considerable overestimation. Carbon concentration and soil mass need to be measured on the same sample and carbon contents calculated for each individual sample before averaging. The effect of this bias is likely to be smaller (but still greater than zero) when the primary objective is to determine stock changes over time. Variance and mean carbon content are significantly and positively related to each other, although some sites showed much higher variability than predicted by this relationship, as a likely consequence of their particular site history, forest management, and micro-topography. Because of the proportionality between mean and variance, the number of samples required to detect a fixed change in soil carbon stocks varied directly with the site mean carbon content from less than 10 to several thousands across the range of carbon stocks normally encountered in temperate and Boreal forests. This raises important questions about how to derive an optimal sampling strategy across such a varied range of conditions so as to achieve the aims of the Kyoto Protocol. Overall, on carbon-poor forest sites with little or no disturbance to the soil profile, it is possible to detect changes in total soil organic carbon over time of the order of 0.5 kg (C) m(-2) with manageable sample sizes even using simple random sampling (i.e., about 50 samples per sampling point). More efficient strategies will reveal even smaller differences. On disturbed forest sites (ploughed, windthrow) this is no longer possible (required sample sizes are much larger than 100). Soils developed on coarse aeolian sediments (sand dunes), or where buried logs or harvest residues of the previous rotation are present, can also exhibit large spatial variability in soil carbon. Generally, carbon-rich soils will always require larger numbers of samples. On these sites, simple random sampling is unlikely to be the preferred method, because of its inherent inefficiency. More sophisticated approaches, such as paired re-sampling inside relatively small plots (see, for example, Ellert et al., 2001) are likely to reduce sample size significantly and lead to detection of smaller differences in carbon stocks over time. However, it remains to be shown that at these sites the application of efficient sampling designs will result in the detection of differences relevant for the objectives of the Kyoto Protocol (cf., Conant et al., 2003). Finally, it should also be noted that, compared to the accuracy with which changes in atmospheric carbon content can be detected (less than 1 p.p.m. CO2), changes in soil carbon stocks are very uncertain. A release of 0.5 kg (C) from 1 m2 of soil surface is equivalent to an increase in CO, concentration of about 125 p.p.m. in the air column above the same area.
An orchestrated IoT‐based blockchain system to foster innovation in agritech

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Agritech uses advanced technologies to boost the efficiency, sustainability, and productivity of farming. The Internet of Things (IoT) in agriculture has brought sensors and networked technology to gather and analyse environmental and crop data, enabling precision farming that optimises resource usage and increases yields. Yet, current agricultural methods suffer from unsecured and decentralised data management, causing inefficiencies and complicating traceability across the supply chain. The integration of IoT with blockchain technology is seen as a promising solution to enhance data‐driven agriculture. Blockchain provides a secure, decentralised, and transparent ledger that enhances data integrity, reduces fraud, and improves traceability, which complements IoT applications. The authors detail the development of an innovative system that orchestrates IoT and blockchain technologies to facilitate the adoption of new technologies in agriculture and overcomes the lacked of comprehensive data connectivity. It outlines a conceptual framework and its preliminary empirical implementation. The system consists of three integrated layers: the IoT layer, which creates digital twins of field crops; the blockchain layer, which secures and manages data from the field and external stakeholders for dynamic applications such as track and tracing; and the orchestration layer, which fuses physical and digital data to optimise business models, enhance supply chain productivity, and support governmental policy‐making, thereby improving field productivity and food sector innovation.
Daucus carota L. subsp. carota, DAU 314

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

PGRFA accession of IPK Gatersleben Plant Genetic Resource Taxon: Daucus carota L. subsp. carota Accession number: DAU 314 Conserved by: DEU146 Acquisition: 2003-01-09 Origin country: DEU Biological status: Wild MLS status: Included AEGIS status: Included Historic: No