jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Carotid Dissection and Cerebral Infarction From Posterior Oropharyngeal Trauma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Posterior oropharyngeal trauma commonly occurs in children and frequently presents to the emergency department (ED). Rarely, serious infectious and neurologic sequelae result. Emergency providers are tasked with the challenge of diagnosing the minority with life-threatening complications while maintaining thoughtful stewardship regarding radiation exposure. A previously healthy 2-year-old girl sustained trauma to her posterior oropharynx with a toothbrush that resulted in a left carotid dissection. This dissection was diagnosed in the ED via computed tomography angiogram, Otolaryngology and neurosurgery were consulted in the ED, and anticoagulation therapy was initiated with aspirin. The child did initially well and was without neurologic deficit and no brain ischemia on magnetic resonance imaging. She was discharged home on aspirin therapy. Four days after initial injury, the child returned to the ED after a seizure. Computed tomography scan of the head demonstrated infarction at the junction of the left parietal and temporal areas. Although neurologic complications are rare, posterior oropharyngeal trauma in children is not. There are many diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in its management. This case is, to the authors' awareness, the first case report in the English literature of a known and treated carotid dissection in a child after posterior oropharyngeal trauma that resulted in stroke despite diagnosis and initiation of treatment. The diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of posterior oropharyngeal trauma in children are discussed in this article.
Control of Impingement Heat Transfer Using Mist

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Impingement heat transfer from a circular orifice jet by using latent heat of water mists was studied experimentally. The amounts of mists of about Zauter's mean diameter 14 µm were from 60 to 200 g/h within a range where liquid films were not formed on the target plate and mists were added near the orifice edge. Experiments covered Reynolds numbers from 12,500 to 50,000 and a heat flux is 1,400 W/m2. The experimental results indicate that adding mists had little influence on free jet mean velocity profiles and target plate pressure coefficients. On the other hand, mists had a strong influence on temperature and humidity profiles of a free jet and they also influenced Nusselt number distributions on the target plate. Increases of mists and Reynolds number caused increases in Nusselt number on the developed region. In addition, we investigated influence of the way mists were added and these results showed that Nusselt number was influenced not only by the amounts of mists but also by the adding method. Local Nusselt number profiles with mists were closely related to temperature distributions of the free jet at the location corresponding to the target plate.
Responses to global challenges: trends in aid‐financed global public goods

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Based on four decades (1973–2013) of OECD‐Development Assistance Committee aid to developing countries, this article aims to show aid‐financed global public goods trends, their changing composition and their main drivers. In particular, a constant increase in the share of aid‐financed global public goods and a shift towards weighted‐sum and weakest‐link global goods are observed. Economic conditions, imitation effects, global engagement and domestic spending result as the main drivers of donors’ demand for aid‐financed global public goods. Besides, a certain complementarity in the provision of global goods plays a role, especially in European countries and Japan, partially easing the prognosis for the collective action problems related to global goods
The Study For Anti-Rollover Performance Based On Fishhook and J Turn Simulation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

SUV (Sport UtilityVehicle, SUV) HCG (Height of Center Gravity) is higher, relatively low rollover stability, higher rollover accident rate has become an important issue for cars safety.In this paper, Firstly, four-DOF kinematics theoretical vehicle model was established，then combined with a SUV development and design work and built a complete multi-body dynamics model in ADAMS / Car.Based on steady state constant radius handling case and transient sine-swept handling case, the dynamic model was calibrated and corelated to handling test results.At last, to launch a study for the anti rollover performance based on fishook and J Turn simulation, respectively analyzed how front and rear anti-roll bar 、the CGH contribute to the anti-rollover performance of a vehicle, this study is benefcial to the development process of suspension and the design for anti-roll performance of whole vhicle,so it has very important significance.
Effects Wall Properties on Peristaltic Transport of Rabinowitsch Fluid through an Inclined Non-Uniform Slippery Tube

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The effects of slip and wall properties on the peristaltic mechanism of Rabinowitsch fluid flowing through a non-uniform inclined tube is investigated under the assumptions of long wavelength and small Reynold’s number. The governing equations of motion, momentum, and energy are rendered dimensionless by using suitable similarity transformations. The effects of the velocity slip parameter , thermal slip parameter, wall rigidity parameter, wall stiffness parameter and the viscous damping force parameter on velocity, temperature and streamlines are analyzed for shear thinning, viscous, and shear thickening fluid models. From the results, it is found that an increase in the value of velocity and thermal slip parameter enhances the velocity and temperature profiles for viscous and shear thinning fluids. Also, the volume of trapped bolus improves for an increase in the value of rigidity and stiffness parameter for all the three liquids, whereas it decreases for an increase in the value of the viscous damping force parameter.
771mV, 173nA, 90nm CMOS resistorless trimmable voltage reference

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A low power voltage reference generator operating with a supply voltage ranging from 1.6 V to 3.6 V has been implemented in a 90-nm standard CMOS process. The reference is based on MOSFETs biased in the weak inversion region to consume nanowatts of power and uses no resistors. The maximum supply current at 3.6 V and at 125°C is 173 nA. It provides an 771 mV voltage reference. A temperature coefficient of 7.5 ppm/°C is achieved at best and 39.5 ppm/°C on average, in a range from -40 to 125°C, as the combined effect of a suppression of the temperature dependence of mobility and the compensation of the threshold voltage temperature variation. The total block area is 0.03 mm 2 .
DELATOR: Money Laundering Detection via Multi-Task Learning on Large Transaction Graphs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Money laundering has become one of the most relevant criminal activities in modern societies, as it causes massive financial losses for governments, banks and other institutions. Detecting such activities is among the top priorities when it comes to financial analysis, but current approaches are often costly and labor intensive partly due to the sheer amount of data to be analyzed. Hence, there is a growing need for automatic anti-money laundering systems to assist experts. In this work, we propose DELATOR, a novel framework for detecting money laundering activities based on graph neural networks that learn from large-scale temporal graphs. DELATOR provides an effective and efficient method for learning from heavily imbalanced graph data, by adapting concepts from the GraphSMOTE framework and incorporating elements of multi-task learning to obtain rich node embeddings for node classification. DELATOR outperforms all considered baselines, including an off-the-shelf solution from Amazon AWS by 23% with respect to AUC-ROC. We also conducted real experiments that led to the discovery of 7 new suspicious cases among the 50 analyzed ones, which have been reported to the authorities.
Simple experimental realization of optical Hilbert Hotel using scalar and vector fractional vortex beams

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Historically, infinity was long considered a vague concept—boundless, endless, larger than the largest—without any quantifiable mathematical foundation. This view changed in the 1800s through the pioneering work of Georg Cantor, who showed that infinite sets follow their own seemingly paradoxical mathematical rules. In 1924, David Hilbert highlighted the strangeness of infinity through a thought experiment now referred to as the Hilbert Hotel paradox, or simply Hilbert’s Hotel. The paradox describes a “fully” occupied imaginary hotel having an infinite number of single-occupancy rooms. The manager can always find a room for new guests by simply shifting current guests to the next highest room, leaving the first room vacant. The investigation of wavefield singularities has uncovered the existence of a direct optical analogy to Hilbert’s thought experiment. Since then, efforts have been made to investigate the properties of Hilbert’s Hotel by controlling the dynamics of phase singularities in “fractional” order optical vortex beams. Here, we have taken such proposals to the next level and experimentally demonstrated Hilbert’s Hotel using both phase and polarization singularities of optical fields. Using a multi-ramped spiral-phase-plate and a supercontinuum source, we generated and controlled fractional order vortex beams for the practical implementation of Hilbert’s Hotel in scalar and vector vortex beams. Using a multi-ramped spiral-phase-plate, we show the possibility for complicated transitions of the generalized Hilbert’s Hotel. The generic experimental scheme illustrates the usefulness of structured beams in visualizing unusual mathematical concepts and also for fractional vector beams driven by fundamental and applied research.
Gold–Copper Film Electrode for Voltammetry Determination of Mercury in Water

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Gold-copper film electrode prepared in situ on carbon paste solid disk substrate (Au–CuF/CPE) was studied as a working electrode. The factors influencing mercury stripping peak currents, such as C Au III (0.20 mg/L), C Cu II (0.05 mg/L), type of acids and their concentration (HClO4, 0.005 M), deposition potential (-800 mV) for Au–CuF/CPE, deposition time (180 s), and interferents, were investigated and optimized. The method has a low limit of detection of 0.13 μg/L and is not affected significantly by the examined ions/substance. It was applied to detect the concentration of Hg in real water samples and is promising for practical usage.
The Influence of Economics Knowledge on Students' Attitudes Toward Financial Literacy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Financial literacy has developed in importance resulting from the growing intricacy of financial markets and the increased responsibility placed on consumers for their own financial security. During last decade, the necessity of financial literacy has been heightened due to increasingly complex products and services. Managing personal finances is important and people must learn to engage in prudent financial decisions required when planning for retirement, education, and home purchases. The ability to understand and manage personal finances is a skill critical to long-term financial security, additionally, there are significant consequences to financial illiteracy that can last for a life-time and many of these consequences occur while young adults are in college where financial independence begins. As young people progress through life, they are inundated with financial decisions which should be made based on prudent financial knowledge, however, many consumers are faced with a myriad of significant financial decisions very early in life and imprudent financial mistakes made by young people can have negative effects for many years. Because many consumers lack adequate financial literacy skills, they often make poor financial decisions in an increasingly complex economic environment. This purpose of this dissertation is to study how economics knowledge influences students' attitudes in an effort to refine current of knowledge of financial literacy levels and attitudes of students
MIMO-DFRC Hybrid Beamforming Design via Transmit Pattern Optimization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Compared with the fully-digital transmit beamforming architecture which deploys a radio frequency (RF) chain per antenna, the hybrid beamforming (HBF) architecture can reduce both high cost and high power consumption encountered by the former. In this work, we focus on the transmit pattern-centric HBF design for multiple-input multiple-output dual-functional radar communication (MIMO-DFRC) systems. More specifically, the hybrid analog and digital beamformers, which adopt a fully connected structure, are jointly designed with the digital receive beamformers of communication users, by designing the transmit pattern with the maximal ratio of minimum mainlobe level (MML) to peak sidelobe level (PSL), subject to a transmit power budget and the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) requirements for users. To deal with the resulted nonconvex problem, a computationally efficient algorithm is developed under the framework of consensus alternating direction method of multipliers (CADMM), by deriving the solution of each subproblem. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiorities of our design by comparing with existing methods.
Impacts of US-China trade friction on stock prices: An empirical study of machinery companies

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT

The address by President Trump on the trade between US and China in May, 2019 had a significant and global influence on manufacturing companies. In this paper, we extracted the stock price decline patterns due to the address by using Singular Value Decomposition Method with the intention of introducing a new approach to measure patterns of effects of such contingencies which happen once in a while on stock prices. The results are expected to have also meaningfulness for investors as well as analysts. Our analyses include two types. The first analysis focuses on the extraction of patterns among companies which have high intensity of business engagement in China and the second one among counties. In the first analysis we used only Japanese companies’ data because of data availability. As to the second analysis, we used only machinery industry’s data of Germany, Japan and US which compete in the global market and have mature stock markets respectively. The analyses made differences of patterns among businesses such as B-to-B and B-to-C stand out in the first analysis and differences among countries in the second analysis. Those results are expected to inspire further research, especially, exploration of new methodologies in the area of analysis of stock price fluctuations due to economic crises such as global trade or political affairs.
The pharmacokinetics and safety of idelalisib in subjects with moderate or severe hepatic impairment.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

2592 Background: Idelalisib (IDELA) is a potent inhibitor of PI3Kδ, which has been shown to be prominently expressed in cells of hematopoietic origin. IDELA is metabolized primarily by aldehyde oxidase to form GS-563117 and to a lesser extent by CYP3A and UGT1A4. The mass balance study of IDELA in healthy subjects showed the radioactive dose administered was recovered mainly in feces (~78%). The objective of this study was to evaluate the PK and safety of IDELA/GS-563117 in subjects with moderate or severe hepatic impairment following administration of a single oral dose of IDELA. Methods: Eligible subjects categorized by the Child-Pugh-Turcotte (CPT) classification system with moderate (Class B: CPT score 7-9) or severe (Class C: CPT score 10-15) hepatic dysfunction and matched healthy subjects received a single oral dose of IDELA at 150 mg under fed condition. Blood samples were collected and IDELA/GS-563117 levels were measured. Geometric least-squares mean ratio and 90% confidence interval of PK exposure parameters in the hepatic impairment group(s) versus matched controls were calculated, with clinically relevant exposure change defined as ≥ two-fold increase. Safety assessments were performed throughout the study. Results: A total of 32 subjects were enrolled in the study. The majority of subjects were white (87.5%) males (71.9%) and median age was 52 years. Most treatment-emergent AEs and laboratory abnormalities were Grade 1 or 2 in severity. Overall study treatments were generally well tolerated. IDELA Cmaxwas generally comparable in the subjects with moderate or severe hepatic impairment vs healthy controls, while mean AUC was higher (58% to 60%). GS-563117 exposures were lower in hepatic impaired vs healthy control subjects, likely due to lower formation in the setting of liver impairment. These changes are not considered to be clinically relevant. Exploratory analyses indicated no relevant relationships between the IDELA or GS-563117 plasma exposures and CPT score. Conclusions: No clinically relevant changes in IDELA and GS-563117 exposures were observed in subjects with moderate or severe hepatic impairment versus matched healthy subjects. Single oral doses of IDELA 150 mg were well tolerated.
CIE Method of Specification on the Color Rendering Index of Light Source

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

演色性と色再現の区別を述へ, カラーテレビの色再現と演色性の評価に関し将来の方向を示唆したCIEか等色差のUVWの色空間を構成して色差を数量化表示する方法を採決したことの解説に始まり, 光源の演色性評価数の定義と計算方法, 自然昼光の実態とCIEの合成昼光標準の計算方法を述へた現在, 日米両国て製造されているキセノンランプ, 螢光放電灯, 水銀灯の演色評価数の概数を示し, また, 光源の演色挙動を通覧する方法を述べた
FINITE ANALYTIC NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

SUMMARY The finite analytic method is used in the present study to calculate the turbulent flow field described with Navier-Stokes equation in body-fitted curvilinear coordinate system The finite analytic method invokes the analytic solution of governing partial differential equation in formulating the algebraic equation that relates a nodal value in an element to its neighbour nodal values according to the direction and the magnitude of convection. It is shown that the finite analytic method has good numerical stability and accuracy. The turbulent flow fields through a single and a tandem cascades of airfoil are numerically simulated by using finite analytic method respectively in this paper. The k − ε turbulence model and wall function are employed in. the present study. The agreement of numerical solution with experiment result is quite good.
Modeling and forecasting persistent financial durations

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article introduces the Markov-Switching Multifractal Duration (MSMD) model by adapting the MSM stochastic volatility model of Calvet and Fisher (2004) to the duration setting. Although the MSMD process is exponential β-mixing as we show in the article, it is capable of generating highly persistent autocorrelation. We study, analytically and by simulation, how this feature of durations generated by the MSMD process propagates to counts and realized volatility. We employ a quasi-maximum likelihood estimator of the MSMD parameters based on the Whittle approximation and establish its strong consistency and asymptotic normality for general MSMD specifications. We show that the Whittle estimation is a computationally simple and fast alternative to maximum likelihood. Finally, we compare the performance of the MSMD model with competing short- and long-memory duration models in an out-of-sample forecasting exercise based on price durations of three major foreign exchange futures contracts. The results of the comparison show that the MSMD and the Long Memory Stochastic Duration model perform similarly and are superior to the short-memory Autoregressive Conditional Duration models.
Conceptuality and Practical Action: A Critique of Charles Taylor’s Verstehen Social Theory

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In their recent debate, Hubert Dreyfus rejects John McDowell’s claim that perception is permeated with “mindedness” and argues instead that ordinary embodied coping is largely “nonconceptual.” This argument has important, yet largely unacknowledged consequences for normative social theory, which this article demonstrates through a critique of Charles Taylor’s Verstehen thesis. If Dreyfus is right that “the enemy of expertise is thought,” then Taylor is denied his defense against charges of relativism, which is that maximizing the interpretive clarity of social practices unequivocally makes for better practices. Verstehen social theory, I argue, must consider both the gains and losses of the attempt to make the meaning of our practices explicit.
Validity & reliability of the Persian version of Grasha-Richmann student learning styles scale

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the psychometric \nproperties of Grasha-Riechmann Student Learning Styles Scale. \nMethod: The participants included 1039 students (421 students in human and \n618 students in technical sciences), selected through the stratified sampling \nmethod from Tehran University. They answered the Grasha-Riechmann \nstudent learning style scale and the data was analyzed with exploratory and \nconfirmatory factor analyses. \nResults: The findings acquired from exploratory factor analysis (n=561), using \nprincipal components analysis with varimax rotation showed that Grasha- \nRiechmann Student Learning Styles Scale includes six factors: Avoidant, \nCollaborative, Participative, Dependent, Competitive, and Independent. The \nfactors acquired from confirmatory factor analysis (n=478), as model fit \nindices indicated, was confirmed by indices in exploratory factor analysis. The \ninternal consistency of each subscale, ranging from 0.58 to 0.80, was at an \nacceptable level. \nConclusion: According to the findings, it seems that Participative Styles Scale \nto be an instrument qualifying validity and reliability for measuring learning \ninteractive styles.
30 Years of Memory

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

One of the very few benefits of the effects of aging upon memory is the chance to read and comment upon the chapter of Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) as if it were an unread but important early article, known previously only through secondary sources. That chapter was written while I was a Stanford graduate student with Dick Atkinson as an advisor. This commentary is meant to be a nontechnical look at some of the issues developed in that chapter, and at certain aspects of the present state of the field in relation to that chapter.
Electronystagmography

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Electronystagmography (ENG) is the study of the vestibular function of the eighth cranial nerves, along with their central connections. It depends, however, on intact oculomotor functions of the third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerves, since eye movements are driven by the visual system as well as the vestibular system. The vestibular afferent signals most relevant to ENG arise in the semicircular canals. Hair cells embedded in the cupula of each semicircular canal increase their firing rate in response to deformation of the cilia toward the ampulla, and decrease their firing rate with deformation in the opposite direction. Movement of the endolymph within the canals associated with rotation of the head gives rise to signals related to angular acceleration. Similar hair cells in the otolith organs signal linear acceleration from translational movements of the body or shifts in position with respect to gravity.