jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Transition into a Nursing Home: Theoretical Framework on the Influence of Cultural Factors

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

OBJECTIVES: To create a theoretical framework for analyzing cultural influences on older people’s transition into a nursing home (NH). THEORIES: Action theories in cultural and developmental psychology (Boesch, 2001; Brandtstädter, 2006), social representations theory (Marková, 2012), theory of culture as a semiotic regulation system (Valsiner, 2007). METHODS: (1) Conceptualization of NH care and family care as alternative action paths for meeting the needs of older persons and their relatives. (2) Conceptualization of culture as a product of human actions and as offering different possibilities of care-related actions. (3) Systematization of care-related goals and instrumental values of NH care versus family care. (4) Theoretical mapping of cultural factors on proximal determinants of elder care decisions and actions. RESULTS: The framework contains the following propositions. Older people and family caregivers hold multiple goals (e.g., welfare of family carers, welfare of old person). NH care can meet some goals and simultaneously frustrate others. The effects and choice of NH care depends on a variety of cultural factors: Legal regulations for warranting care quality (e.g., nursing home laws), economic concepts and practices (e.g., business models of elder care) and professionalization (e.g., staff training). Family care depends on institutionalized options for reconciling job-, care- and other family-related duties (e.g., mobile care services, day care units) and for compensating expenses (e.g., care insurance). Cultural concepts of care dependency influence the meanings that individuals attribute to NH care. CONCLUSIONS: The framework specifies cultural factors relevant for older peoples’ transition into a NH and delineates mediating paths. It invites other sciences specialized on relevant cultural factors (e.g., law, political science, social economics) to further refine the analysis. An identification of cultural factors affecting NH care opens new options for improving care quality or living conditions of older persons, family and professional carers.
High-Dimensional Statistics with a View Toward Applications in Biology

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We review statistical methods for high-dimensional data analysis and pay particular attention to recent developments for assessing uncertainties in terms of controlling false positive statements (type I error) and p-values. The main focus is on regression models, but we also discuss graphical modeling and causal inference based on observational data. We illustrate the concepts and methods with various packages from the statistical software [Formula: see text] using a high-throughput genomic data set about riboflavin production with Bacillus subtilis, which we make publicly available for the first time.
Applying new analysis techniques to calibrate effective use of a projectile locating system in ammunition testing

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

A number of test staff at the Joint Proof and Experimental Unit undertook new education in the Design of Experiments test design and analysis techniques with the University of New South Wales, which are mandatory test competencies in the U.S. Defence. These practitioners were then mentored in applying these techniques to various ordnance proof testing. Precise ammunition testing at Defence's Graytown facility has been improved from previous hard-target fall-of-shot data collection techniques to an automated electronic acquisition using an acoustic projectile locating system. Use of the locating system required validation of the manufacturer's claims of an average error of +- 5mm over the central target area. The projectile locating system's initial calibration testing had already been conducted however the test data needed a rigorous analysis technique. The DOE historical data analysis techniques proved very effective in determining the test area in which the locating system is sufficiently accurate and with what test confidence limits. The historical data analysis even provided initial estimates of the effects of wind strength and direction on the size of errors, using incidentally recorded data. Such characterisation helps set conditions for effective operational use. A Box-Behnken test design was developed with 15 test runs and five repetitions as an option for further experiment if higher test confidence limits are required using a more robust regression model. If a more rigorous calibration test is conducted, it should explore a reasonable variation in incidental wind strengths and directions so as to also improve operational test limits. Work-based mentoring of test practitioners in such techniques was reinforced by this practical example.
Una riflessione tra economia e diritto sulla malpractice medica: i casi di Stati Uniti e Italia

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Medical malpratice is strictly related to the methodical adoption of legal proceedings in order to allocate the risk connected to every medical decision (diagnostic as well as therapeutic). The rise of this phenomenon, and it continuos spread has modifying the physician-patient relationshipd in the last decades, which contributes to the consequences on the increasing health system (e.g. defensive medicine). While the heavily struck U.S. medical practitioners insurance market by a recent availability ad affordability crisis has provided us a good example, Italy is at the outset of a quite similar experience. In this paper I have used a comparative approach to deal with the economical and legal features of the common kernel of every health organization on both: the patient-physician relationship (agency model) and the costant inability, partially due to social transformations, of the non-market institution represented by the patient-physician relationship that has addressed the last risk bearer problem as one of the main incentive on a medical decision. Therefore the paper is focused on 1) the legal alternatives to a) induce an efficient level of precaution and b) to reduce the agency model inefficiencies; 2) third institutions' definition and operation (HMOS, ASLS) on (b).
Fermentation Optimization of Mycobacterium smegmatis Using Experimental Design

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The exceptionally stable mycobacterial protein porin A (MspA) from Mycobacterium smegmatis has potential applications in protein-based solar cells, and as a biotemplate for nano-wires and nano-dots.These applications would be enabled by an efficient and cost effective method to grow the host organism at high cell mass yields, and recover purified MspA.In this work, the cell mass yield was maximized and costs lowered by applying experimental design (varying nitrogen and iron contents according to a Doehlert matrix) based on a minimal fermentation medium that was reported earlier.Glucose use was minimized by adjusting glucose feed based on analyzing residual glucose after fermentation.The costs for extracted and purified MspA were lowered by 67% for the
Derivatives of polythiophenylenes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Polythiophenylenes and polyoxythiophenylenes were prepared from aromatic dithiols and 1,4‐dichlorobenzene. The polymers were chlorinated, sulphochlorinated and nitrated. The chlorination was successful for polythiophenylenes and to a lesser extent for polyoxythiophenylenes. The nitration succeeded for polyoxythiophenylenes only and the sulphochlorination occurred only slightly for both polymers. The products were investigated by IR‐spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and elemental analysis.
POKLİK VA ULUG'LİK TİMSOLİ

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Bizlar buyuk mutafakkir ajdodimiz shoir Mir Alisher Navoiyga bag'ishlab kecha va tadbirlar o'tkazganimizda ul zotni "G'azal mulkining sultoni" deb ataymiz. Bu ta'rifni ilk marotaba qo'llagan shoir Maqsud Shayxzoda hayotimizda yuksak e'tirofga sazovor bo'lgan shaxs sifatida shakllangan. she'riyat,do'st, e'zozlash,dramalar
Comparative Renal Effects of Midazolam and Thiopental in Humans

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Midazolam is a water-soluble benzodiazepine whose quick onset after intravenous injection, short duration of action, absence of venous irritation, and mild cardiovascular and respiratory effects suggest its use for induction of anesthesia. The renal effects of midazolam-N2O-O2 anesthesia, as determined by renal clearance of injected inulin and para-aminohippuric acid (PAH), in hydrated ASA Class I-II surgical patients (N = 8) were compared in a double-blind fashion with a similar group of patients (N = 9) anesthetized with thiopental-N2O-O2. Except for glomerular filtration rate, there were no significant changes in any of the measured variables (blood pressure, effective renal plasma flow, renal blood flow, and renal vascular resistance). The per cent reduction in glomerular filtration rate in patients given thiopental differed significantly from that in patients given midazolam. This study suggests that midazolam, as opposed to thiopental, offers minimal advantage in maintaining renal performance at least during the period of anesthetic administration.
Active solar collector located on roof ridge assisted Chinese solar greenhouse for thermal environment enhancement

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Maximizing the use of solar energy to increase the indoor temperature of greenhouse is of great significance to the green and energy-saving intensive greenhouse production in China. In this study, an active solar heating system (ASHS) was developed and analyzed, consisting of five solar water heaters equipped with vacuum tube solar collectors, one heat storage tank and heating system including booster pump and heating pipes. During the day, the water was heated in the solar collectors and stored in tanks before being placed into circulation in the heating pipes to distribute the heat to the aerial and root zones of plants. To evaluate the performance of ASHS and the feasibility of practical application, climate and plant growth parameters were monitored in two Chinese Solar Greenhouses (CSGs) located in Yangling, China. Results revealed that under the operating condition with the flow rate of 5.4 L/min, the effective heat collection, average heat collection efficiency and energy-saving efficiency of ASHS were 1.9 MJ/(m2•h), 64% and 84%, respectively. The coefficient of performance (COP) was between 4.5 and 6.2, and the payback period was 12.0 years. Furthermore, the results revealed that the ASHS successfully provided 76% of its annual heating needs, heated the CSG for 4 months and maintained the nocturnal temperature above 8 ℃. The actual application effect proved that it increased average indoor air temperature by 2.2 ℃ and substrate temperature by 3.3 ℃ in heated greenhouse. The growth rate of tomato plant height in the heated greenhouse was 0.7427 cm/d, greater than that in the unheated greenhouse (0.6 cm/d). The novel system proposed in this study adopting particular location enables the rise of the ambient and the substrate temperatures with lower energy consumption, improvement of the environmental conditions in CSG, and a more suitable growing environment for plants in the cold season.
A Regularity Theory for Static Schrödinger Equations on \(\boldsymbol{\mathbb{R}}\)d in Spectral Barron Spaces

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Spectral Barron spaces have received considerable interest recently, as it is the natural function space for approximation theory of two-layer neural networks with a dimension-free convergence rate. In this paper, we study the regularity of solutions to the whole-space static Schrödinger equation in spectral Barron spaces. We prove that if the source of the equation lies in the spectral Barron space and the potential function admitting a nonnegative lower bound decomposes as a positive constant plus a function in , then the solution lies in the spectral Barron space .
Influence of aging on the peripheral nerve repair process using an artificial nerve conduit

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The influence of aging on the induction of nerve regeneration in artificial nerve conduits has yet to be clarified. In the present study, artificial nerve conduit transplantation and histological analysis using the sciatic nerve of young and elderly mice were performed. Using 20 male C57BL/6 mice, an artificial nerve conduit was transplanted to the sciatic nerve at 8 weeks (Young group) or 70 weeks of age (Aged group), and the sciatic nerve was evaluated histologically at 1, 4 and 12 weeks after surgery. Using hematoxylin and eosin staining, the state of induction of nerve regeneration in the artificial nerve conduit was evaluated. Additionally, immunohistochemical staining was used to investigate an angiogenic marker [vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA)], Schwann cell markers [sex determining region Y-box 10 (SOX10) and S100 calcium-binding protein β (S100β)] and a nerve damage marker [nerve growth factor (NGF)]. The results revealed that the induction of nerve regeneration was significantly higher in the Young group than in the Aged group. In addition, VEGFA and SOX10 expression at 1 week, SOX10 expression at 4 weeks and SOX10, S100β and NGF expression at 12 weeks in the proximal stump were significantly higher in the Young group than in the Aged group. At the center of the artificial nerve conduit, S100β and NGF expression at 4 weeks, and VEGFA, SOX10, S100β and NGF expression at 12 weeks were significantly higher in the Young group than in the Aged group. In the distal stump, no significant difference was noted in immunostaining at any week between the two groups. The present study suggested that the nerve regeneration-inducing functions decrease due to aging.
Hemobilia: an unusual and life threatening complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hemobilia though rare, occurs due to abnormal vascular and biliary communication established as a result of trauma, gallstones, neoplasms, inflammatory process and vascular disorders. It can rarely complicate a laparoscopic cholecystectomy as a result of hepatic artery injury, clip migration, clip erosion, diathermy and subsequent arteriobiliary fistula, or pseudoaneurysm eroding into the extra hepatic bile ducts. A 34 years female underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis, suffered bile leak that settled on by 13th postoperative day, met with sudden right upper abdominal pain and hypovolemic shock on 15th postoperative day due to massive hemobilia arising out of rupture of pseudoaneurysm of the right hepatic artery into the biliary system. Urgent CT Angiography showed a large pseudoaneurysm of right hepatic artery branch with adjacent small collection, IHBR and CBD dilatation suggestive of hemobilia. Emergency CT guided trans-arterial hepatic artery embolization done to control hemobilia and save the patient. An immediate CT angiography for early diagnosis, in all postoperative laparoscopic cholecystectomy cases with suspicion of hemobilia due to an underlying hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm, followed by CT guided trans-arterial hepatic artery embolization forms the gold standard management in such patients.
Structural testing of concurrent programs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Although structural testing techniques are among the weakest available with regard to developing confidence in sequential programs, they are not without merit. The authors extend the notion of structural testing criteria to concurrent programs and propose a hierarchy of supporting structural testing techniques. Coverage criteria described include concurrency state coverage, state transition coverage and synchronization coverage. Requisite support tools include a static concurrency analyzer and either a program transformation system or a powerful run-time monitor. Also helpful is a controllable run-time scheduler. The techniques proposed are suitable for Ada or CSP-like languages. Best results are obtained for programs having only static naming of tasking objects.< >
Extraction and Characterization of Keratin (Natural Protein) from Waste Broiler Chicken Feathers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The current research was to extract the keratin protein from waste broiler chicken feather. Due to high keratin content in chicken feathers offers a valuable source of protein. The two steps involved are first employing (Na 2 S) to chicken feather then extracting the protein from chemicals. Sodium sulfide are employed as reducing agents. After the feather have been broken down using reducing agents in order to precipitate the protein dil. HCl is added to the solution. Protein that has been precipitated is repeatedly rinsed with distilled water and then kept into solution form by adding it into sodium hydroxide solution. Keratin obtained from broiler chicken feather had a yield of 81.1% which is relatively high in case of waste raw material conversion into value added product. The prepared keratin was characterized by FTIR, XRD, TGA to investigate the chemical composition, thermal properties, crystallinity properties and also physicomechanical properties including density were tested. From these findings results suggested that chicken feather can be used to extract protein. Due to biocompatible & biodegradable in nature. The keratin protein solution has a variety of uses such as anti-aging treatment, shampoo, conditioner and for medical treatment such as bone replacement and bone graft.
Endemicity Of Malaria Among Primary School Children In Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A study was undertaken to determine the prevalence o malaria among primary schoolchildren in Ebonyi State. The degree of malaria parasite, infection and species of the parasite isolated were used to determine the level of endemicity of the disease. Out of one thousand and two hundred (1,200) primary schoo children aged between 5 –16 years sampled, the prevalence rate of 40.08 % was recorded. The species of the parasite associated with the disease was Plasmodium falciparum. It was observed that the rate of malaria parasitaemia was higher in younger (aged 5-10 years) than those of older (aged 11-16 years) children. A X2-test conducted on the infection rate according to ages of the pupils showed significant difference between the age groups indicating that infection was age dependent (P < O.O5) . Greater number of males (243) than females (238) were infected but the infection rate according to sex was found not to be significant and therefore not sex dependent (P > 0.05). Among the Local Government Areas, Ivo had the highest prevalence rate. This was followed by Ishielu and Abakaliki local government areas of Ebonyi State. The results showed that malaria is endemic in the state and a major health problem for school children. The possible effect on academic performancewas discussed. Keywords: Malaria, Prevalence, Children, Endemicity, Parasitaemia, Ebonyi State Animal Research International Vol. 1 (3) 2004 pp. 155-159
The acid lability of the glycosidic bonds of l-iduronic acid residues in glycosaminoglycans

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Heparan sulphate, heparin and dermatan sulphate were hydrolysed in 0.5M-H2SO4 at 100 degrees C. At intervals portions of the hydrolysate were removed and treated with HNO2 at pH 4.0 to cleave the glycosidic bonds of the N-unsubstituted hexosamine residues and to convert both free and combined hexosamines into anhydrohexoses. These hydrolysis/deamination mixtures were reduced with NaB3H4 and analysed by radiochromatography for alpha-L-iduronosylanhydrohexose, beta-D-glucuronosylanhydrohexose, and the free uronic acids and anhydrohexose. These data gave a kinetic profile of the cleavage of the alpha-L-iduronosyl and the beta-D-glucuronosyl bonds in these glycosaminoglycans. The beta-D-glucuronosyl bonds showed the expected resistance to acid hydrolysis, but the alpha-L-iduronosyl bonds were found to be as labile to acid as some neutral sugar glycosides. This unusual lability of alpha-D-iduronosyl-anhydromannitol and beta-D-glucuronosylanhydromannitol. The procedures used to follow the kinetics of glycosaminoglycan hydrolysis can also be sued to obtain quantitative analyses of L-iduronic acid, D-glucuronic acid and hexosamine in these polymers.
A Novel Fault Tolerant Control based on Overmodulation for Three-Phase Cascaded H-Bridge Inverters

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a novel fault-tolerant control method is proposed for three-phase Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) inverters, based on overmodulation. Typically, conventional methods adjust the amplitude of reference signals, limiting their performance within the linear modulation range. In contrast, the proposed method utilizes overmodulation to expand this range. Furthermore, since the proposed method is software-based, it does not require additional hardware efforts. The proposed method is verified through simulation, considering a 7-level CHB converter.
Civic Beliefs and Citizenship

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In part I of this book we answer the question 'What is citizenship?' in contemporary Britain by exploring, firstly, people's beliefs about their civic duties and rights and, secondly, their patterns of civic behaviour. In this chapter we look specifically at their beliefs and attitudes, but we do so in very broad terms. This means examining some of the attitudes and beliefs associated with the idea of citizenship in rather general terms. However, for modelling purposes, when we begin to ask the question 'What determines the attitudes which underpin effective citizenship?' we have to refine the analysis and concentrate on certain key issues. These are attitudes to rights and obligations which the discussion in chapter 1 suggested are at the heart of modern citizenship. However, before embarking upon any analysis of attitudes, we need to elaborate on some of the key features of the Citizen Audit from which our findings are drawn.
Words and Paradigms: Peter H. Matthews and the Development of Morphological Theory

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract A comprehensive review of linguistic accounts of the structure of words and their relation to one another would of course have to begin long ago, with the work of grammarians in the classical Sanskrit, Greek, Latin, Arabic and other traditions. As a starting point for an understanding of the views on morphology held by linguists today, though, it seems reasonable to focus on the development of this field over the course of the twentieth century, and especially during the last half of that century, a period in which the work of Peter Matthews played a particularly important role.