jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Important quality aspects in the transfer process

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose – Admission to and transfer from an intensive care unit affects not only the patient but also his or her relatives. The authors aimed to investigate relatives' perceptions of quality of care during a patient's transfer process from an intensive care unit to a general ward. Design/methodology/approach – The study had a mixed method design that included quantitative data and answers to open questions. The participants were 65 relatives of patients who received care in an ICU. They were recruited from two hospitals in Sweden. Findings – A majority perceived the transfer process as important, but analysis also showed that the participants rated it as an area for improvements. The relatives wanted participation, personal insight and control, respectful encounters, proximity, reassurance, continuous quality, reconnection and feedback. The relatives' participation in the transfer process was perceived as inadequate by 61 per cent, and the support that was received after the ICU discharge was perceived as inadequate by 53 per cent. The patients' length of stay in the ICU affected the relatives' perceptions of the quality of care. Overall, the relatives seemed to desire that the transfer process includes a continuous care, a competent staff, available information throughout the transfer process and personal involvement in the care, both before and after the transfer from the ICU. Research limitations/implications – The conclusion of this study is that relatives' needs and seeking for a well-planned ICU transitional process organisation with continuous quality before and after transfer, informational strategies that encourage the relatives to be involved and an organisation with competence throughout the healthcare chain are vital for quality. Practical implications – The conclusion of this study is that relatives' needs and seeking for a well-planned ICU transitional process organisation with continuous quality before and after transfer, informational strategies that encourage the relatives to be involved and an organisation with competence throughout the healthcare chain are vital for quality. Originality/value – The findings have important implications for nursing and nursing management. A relative's perception of the quality of care before and after transfer from ICU may be a valuable source to evaluate the ICU transitional care.
A rare case of unilateral anterior segment dysgenesis and limb deformity in a neonate

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 14-day-old male baby presented to the department of ophthalmology with redness, swelling, and watering in the right eye since birth. Ocular examination of the right eye revealed proptosis and anterior staphyloma with erythema of the upper lid; left-eye examination was unremarkable [Fig. 1a–c]. Computed tomography of orbit revealed enlargement of right globe with anterior protrusion, intact muscle cone, and absence of lens in the right globe [Fig. 1d]. Ultrasound B-scan of the globe revealed absence of lens echo in the right eye without any abnormality in the posterior segment [Fig. 1e, f]. Diagnosis of right-eye anterior staphyloma with congenital aphakia was made. Further systemic examination revealed foot anomaly with amputation defect, high arched palate, and hyperbilirubinemia (serum bilirubin: 24.8 mg/dL). Family history revealed that the child was delivered through cesarean section, out of a third-degree consanguineous marriage. Mother had seropositivity for human cytomegalovirus (HCV) in the postnatal period. There was a history of death of elder sibling 1 year back at birth. Further pedigree analysis excluded similar presentation in the family members on the maternal and paternal sides. Conservative management was done in the form of topical antiglaucoma and antibiotics. The grave visual prognosis of the right eye and the need for surgical intervention in the form of enucleation was explained to parents. The child was referred to a pediatrician for systemic stabilization. The child was lost to follow-up after the initial check-up.Figure 1: a) Anterior staphyloma right eye; b) Proptosis of the right eye with erythematous upper lid skin; c) High arched palate; d) Foot anomaly; e) CT orbit image showing normal bony structures with intact muscle cone with enlargement of the right eyeball, with the absence of lens; f) USG image of the right eye showing intact retina – choroid complex, absent lens echoDiscussion The presentation of this unilateral anterior segment dysgenesis is known to be associated with anomalies of antenatal HCV infection. This is a rare case of congenital anterior staphyloma with unilateral congenital aphakia. Variable presentations of anterior segment dysgenesis usually have a poor prognosis. The presence of such congenital anomalies indicates the importance of genetic analysis in the antenatal and postnatal periods along with proper counseling of parents to explain the impact of timely management of such disorders. Declaration of patient consent The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. In the form the patient(s) has/have given his/her/their consent for his/her/their images and other clinical information to be reported in the journal. The patients understand that their names and initials will not be published and due efforts will be made to conceal their identity, but anonymity cannot be guaranteed. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.
Parental knowledge, attitudes and antibiotic use for acute upper respiratory tract infection in children attending a primary healthcare clinic in Malaysia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: A study was carried out in a primary healthcare clinic in the Hulu Langat district of Malaysia to assess the parental knowledge, attitudes and antibiotic use for common childhood acute upper respiratory tract infection (UrtI). Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 421 parents, who were surveyed by using an interviewer-administered questionnaire, from April to June 2001. Results: Approximately 59 percent of parents from this study believed that weather was the main cause of acute UrtI of their children, 13 percent thought it was due to food, and only about 27 percent said it was caused by germs. Nearly 68 percent, 69 percent and 76 percent of them believed that antibiotics was helpful in treating the common cold, cough and fever, respectively. 29 percent of parents who thought that their child with acute UrtI needed antibiotics were not prescribed with any. On the other hand, 17 percent believed that antibiotics were unnecessary when prescribed. 28 percent of parents had requested for antibiotics, and 93 percent received what they requested for their child with acute UrtI. About 31 percent of parents who did not request any antibiotics claimed that private general practitioners habitually prescribed antibiotics. the antibiotic compliance was poor with only 74 percent completing the entire course, with 85 percent of them stopping once they improved symptomatically. 15 percent of parents gave “leftover” antibiotics, 24 percent gave “shared” antibiotics, and 5.5 percent bought antibiotics for their child with acute UrtI without consulting a doctor. Conclusion: this study shows that parents often have inadequate knowledge and misconceptions on antibiotic use for Parental knowledge, attitudes and antibiotic use for acute upper respiratory tract infection in children attending a primary healthcare clinic in Malaysiachan G c, tang s FPeringgit Community Polyclinic Jalan Pantai PeringgitMelaka 75450Malaysia Chan G C, MD, MMedFamily Medicine SpecialistDepartment of PaediatricsUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaJalan Yaacob Latiff Kuala Lumpur 56000 MalaysiaTang S F, MD, MMed, MRCPAssociate ProfessorCorrespondence to:Dr Giin-Cherng Chan Klinik Cheng20 Jalan CB-1Taman Cheng BaruMelaka 75250, Malaysia Tel: (60) 6 312 1333 Fax: (60) 6 312 1333 Email: dr_changc@yahoo.com O r i g i n a l A r t i c l eacute UrtI in children. Improved parental education may reduce unnecessary antibiotic prescription and antimicrobial resistance in the community.
Characterization of the Gray-Wyner Rate Region for Multivariate Gaussian Sources: Optimality of Gaussian Auxiliary RV

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Examined in this paper, is the Gray and Wyner achievable lossy rate region for a tuple of correlated multivariate Gaussian random variables (RVs) $X_1 : Ω\rightarrow {\mathbb R}^{p_1}$ and $X_2 : Ω\rightarrow {\mathbb R}^{p_2}$ with respect to square-error distortions at the two decoders. It is shown that among all joint distributions induced by a triple of RVs $(X_1,X_2, W)$, such that $W : Ω\rightarrow {\mathbb W} $ is the auxiliary RV taking continuous, countable, or finite values, the Gray and Wyner achievable rate region is characterized by jointly Gaussian RVs $(X_1,X_2, W)$ such that $W $ is an $n$-dimensional Gaussian RV. It then follows that the achievable rate region is parametrized by the three conditional covariances $Q_{X_1,X_2|W}, Q_{X_1|W}, Q_{X_2|W}$ of the jointly Gaussian RVs. Furthermore, if the RV $W$ makes $X_1$ and $X_2$ conditionally independent, then the corresponding subset of the achievable rate region, is simpler, and parametrized by only the two conditional covariances $Q_{X_1|W}, Q_{X_2|W}$. The paper also includes the characterization of the Pangloss plane of the Gray-Wyner rate region along with the characterizations of the corresponding rate distortion functions, their test-channel distributions, and structural properties of the realizations which induce these distributions.
Instructional variables involved in problems associated with diglossia in Arabic speaking schools in Israel. PIRLS 2006 findings

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

PIRLS 2006 findings establish that reading literacy attainments of 4th graders in Arabic-speaking countries are poor. This low attainment is also reflected in the findings of PIRLS 2006 in Israel when comparing Arabic-speaking 4th graders' reading literacy mean score with that of their Hebrew-speaking peers (428 vs. 528). Findings of a previous study (Zuzovsky, 2008) supported an explanation that the existence of diglossia typical of the Arabic language (two linguistic codes - written and spoken) is the main cause of the low results of Arabic-speaking students in Israel and recommended educational interventions aimed to directly treat the problems of diglossia. Following these recommendations the present study aims to identify specific instructional activities that are significant in the effort to overcome the problems associated with Arabic diglossia. Of fourteen reading literacy activities positively associated with reading attainment, six exhibited significant interaction effects with the ethnic group variable indicating their relatively higher contribution to the achievement of students in Arabic-speaking schools. The most effective variables for Arabic-speaking students appear to be those indicating early home literacy activities that foster phonemic awareness and letter sound recognition. Among the school literacy activities, repeated listening to the sounds of written Arabic and being actively engaged in reading text and gradually in more challenging tasks, are promising school practices. (DIPF/Orig.)
Effect of the Jimpy Mutation on Expression of Myelin Proteins in Heterozygous and Hemizygous Mouse Brain

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract The levels of myelin basic protein, proteolipid protein, and 2′,3′‐cyclic nucleotide 3′‐phosphohydrolase (EC 3.1.4.37) in cerebral hemispheres of wild‐type, heterozygous jp /+, and hemizygous jp /Y mice of different ages were determined by radioimmunoassay and immunoblotting. ln jp /Y brain the level of myelin basic protein was 8% that of wild‐type at all ages. All forms of the protein were reduced although the 21.5K M r form was relatively spared at early ages compared to the 18.5K, 17K, and 14K M r forms. The level of 2′,3′‐cyclic nucleotide 3′‐phosphohydrolase was. 8% that of wild‐type at all ages, and proteolipid protein was undetectable at any age. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the jimpy mutation blocks myelin morphogenesis subsequent to incorporation of 21.5K M r myelin basic protein but prior to incorporation of proteolipid protein. ln jp /+ brain the levels of the three proteins were reduced commensurately to 60–70% those of wild‐type. The deficit was apparent as early as 1.0 days after birth and remained proportionately constant throughout development. These results suggest that in jp /+ mice, X‐chromosome inactivation produces a mosaic population of functionally wild‐type and functionally jimpy oligodendrocytes. The former elaborate normal amounts of myelin but do not completely compensate for the myelin deficit due to the latter.
Relative levels of methylation in human growth hormone and chorionic somatomammotropin genes in expressing and non-expressing tissues

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

It has been shown that the extent of methylation of cytosine in vertebrate DNA is inversely correlated with gene expression. We studied cytosine methylation in and around the homologous human growth hormone (GH) and chorionic somatomammotropin (CS) genes to determine if these genes are undermethylated in DNA from tissues in which they are expressed (pituitary and placenta, respectively) compared to other tissues. Hpa II and Hha I (which cleave only unmethylated 5' CCGG 3' and 5' GCGC 3' respectively) and Msp I (which cleaves CCGG and CmeCGG) were used to digest DNA samples followed by gel electrophoresis, Southern transfer and hybridization with a GH cDNA probe. The extent of methylation of Hpa II and Hha I sites in the GH and CS genes was leukocyte much greater than pituitary greater than placenta = hydatidiform mole. Taken as a whole, our data support the hypothesis that undermethylation is a necessary but not sufficient condition for gene expression since placental and pituitary DNAs are less methylated than leukocyte DNA in this region. However, the correlation between gene expression and undermethylation is imperfect since (1) hydatiform mole DNA has a very similar methylation pattern compared to placental DNA even though moles make little or no CS and (2) the level of methylation of the GH gene compared to the CS gene does not vary in a tissue-specific manner.
Data from: Cover crop root contributions to soil carbon in a no-till corn bioenergy cropping system

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Crop residues are potential biofuel feedstocks, but residue removal may reduce soil carbon (C). The inclusion of a cover crop in a corn bioenergy system could provide additional biomass, mitigating the negative effects of residue removal by adding to stable soil C pools. In a no-till continuous corn bioenergy system in the northern US Corn Belt, we used 13CO2 pulse labeling to trace plant C from a winter rye (Secale cereale) cover crop into different soil C pools for 2 years following rye cover crop termination. Corn stover left as residue (30% of total stover) contributed 66, corn roots 57, rye shoots 61, rye roots 50, and rye rhizodeposits 25 g C m−2 to soil. Five months following cover crop termination, belowground cover crop inputs were three times more likely to remain in soil C pools than were aboveground inputs, and much of the root-derived C was in mineral-associated soil fractions. After 2 years, both above- and belowground inputs had declined substantially, indicating that the majority of both root and shoot inputs are eventually mineralized. Our results underscore the importance of cover crop roots vs. shoots and the importance of cover crop rhizodeposition (33% of total belowground cover crop C inputs) as a source of soil C. However, the eventual loss of most cover crop C from these soils indicates that cover crops will likely need to be included every year in rotations to accumulate soil C.
Croatian observations on PTSD with psychotic symptoms in war veterans

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: To investigate the prevalence rate of co-morbid psychiatric disorders in post¬traumatic stress disorder [PTSD] and to explore psychotic symptoms in patients with combat-related current PTSD. Method: The sample included Croatian war veterans [N=41] who were hospitalised at the University Department of Psychiatry of the Vrapce Psychiatric Hospital during the 1995-1996 period and fulfilled the DSM-IV criteria for current and chronic PTSD. The Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia [SADS-L] was applied for. the assessment of current and lifetime psychiatric disorders. Only three subjects had a prewar Axis I psychiatric disorder. One third of the patients met the criteria for personality disorder. Results: After severe combat trauma, the majority of PTSD patients [33/41] had at least one comorbid psychiatric diagnosis on Axis I. In those with personality disorders the most frequent was alcohol dependence, whereas in those without personality disorders it was major depressive disorder. Psychotic symptoms occurred in 8 out of 41 PTSD patients. None of them had a primary psychotic disorder or a personality disorder. In all the patients, psychotic symptoms were different from flashbacks. They were symbolically related to the trauma and resistant to antipsychotic treatment. Psychotic symptoms were associated with depression in 5 out of 8 patients with psychotic symptoms. Conclusion: Severe and prolonged combat trauma may be followed by the co¬occurrence of PTSD and psychotic symptoms, forming the atypical clinical picture of PTSD.
Cortisol, Testosterone, and Prospective Risk for War-zone Stress-Evoked Depression

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Findings highlight the importance of examining basal and reactivity measures of endocrine function, and use of prospective, longitudinal models to test hypothesized causal pathways associated with depression vulnerability in the war-zone. Results also suggest that pre-existing depression and cortisol may work in tandem to increase vulnerability for later stress-evoked depression in the war-zone.
Valorization of Waste Biomass to Biofuels for Power Production and Transportation in Optimized Way: A Comprehensive Review

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Fossil fuels are primary sources for energy production. Increased dependence on fossil fuels has resulted in increased environmental issues demanding alternative sources. Bioenergy is becoming a popular alternative energy source due to its positive environmental impact and the availability of renewable sources. However, the availability of renewable energy sources in the energy sector currently contributes to about 14%. Biofuels are preferred due to its sustainability, eco‐friendly approach, and low‐cost raw materials, making it an efficient technique for energy production. This article provides the fundamental and applied concepts for on conversion processes of biomass to biofuels, such as combustion, pyrolysis, fermentation, gasification, and anaerobic digestion along with their role in the green economy. Different physical characteristics of biomass resources are important and contribute to determining their potential for producing biofuels. Herein, LCA, its techno‐economic importance, and the role of biomass in green economy are explained. Varying compositions and properties of different types of biomass resources, including lignocellulosic feedstocks, agriculture and forest residue, municipal solid waste, food waste, and animal manure as potential biomass resources, have been discussed. The article explains the strengths and weaknesses of different thermochemical conversion techniques and their current input toward scalar applications and commercialization.
Atresia of the Colon Associated with Hirschsprung's Disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Atresia of the colon is a rare anomaly with an incidence of between 1:20,000 and 1:66,000 live births being reported. Hirschsprung's disease association with Colonic atresia is usually diagnosed after several failures of intestinal anastomoses. We herein report one of the first patients in the literature diagnosed before a therapeutic challenge. A 2-day-old female was admitted with severe abdominal distention, bilious vomiting and failure to pass meconium. A distended abdomen accompanied by hypoactive bowel sounds was also observed. Abdominal X-ray revealed increased intestinal gas, mainly in the colon. Type IIIa atresia of the colon at the level of the splenic flexure was found at laparotomy. A temporary double-barrel colostomy was completed, and she was discharged from hospital on the tenth day after operation without any complications. At the age of 3 months, due to the aspect of the distal colon, a rectal biopsy was performed and aganglionosis was confirmed. The combination of intestinal aganglionosis and colonic atresia is extremely rare. The concomitance of colonic atresia and aganglionosis is calculated to be in 1 in 10 million live births. Wilson, et al. claims that 80 percent of infants with colonic atresia have associated gastrointestinal anomalies. These defects include rotation and fixation anomalies. However, aganglionosis and intestinal neuronal dysplasia should be taken into account as well. When both diseases are combined, the etiology is still uncertain and several etiologies have been suggested. The association should be suspected in all cases of colonic atresia and rectal biopsies are advocated at the primary operation in patients with atresia of the colon.
An Aging Fault Prediction Sensor Circuit Based Guardband Violation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With the continuous development of integrated circuits, the aging failure caused by the negative temperature instability will lead to delay degradation of MOSFET and thus lead to timing fault. So it will result in circuit failure in the end. In this paper, we design a kind of aging prediction sensor circuit. By judging whether the input signal jumps within allowance windows, it can send out the `flag' signal before fault occurs. To verify the effectiveness of the prediction circuit, we made a design of digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) circuit to implement the hardware test. Meanwhile, we build up a hardware experiment platform to perform the aging failure experiment of the circuit, and the platform consists of the Zigbee wireless data transmission module to transmit the test data, and the serial debugging tool to receive the data sent by Zigbee coordinator. The experimental results show that the aging sensor can send out the `flag' signal correctly before the DPLL circuit occurs aging fault.
Population Structure of Some Surface Dwelling Collembola in a Coniferous Forest Soil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

1. The population structure of the surface dwelling Collembola Tomocerus minor (Lubbock), Lepidocyrtus cyaneus Tullberg, Orchesella cincta (Linne), Entomobrya nivalis (Linne), Isotomurus palustris (Muller) and Isotoma viridis Bourlet was studied between May 1963 and September 1964. 2. Temperature appeared to be an important cause in starting growth and reproduction in spring in all species. 3. Reproduction took place throughout spring, summer and autumn, the details being slightly different in the various species. In winter no reproduction occurred. 4. Lepidocyrtus cyaneus, Orchesella cincta, Entomobrya nivalis and Isotoma viridis appeared to have two generations per year. Tomocerus minor has three generations per year, made possible by its adaptation to lower temperature conditions. 5. After each egg-laying period a high adult mortality was obvious. 6. The species hibernated as half-grown individuals. The hibernating populations consisted of two generations. 7. During winter about half the populations of the six species died. This must be due to weathers factors, as predators were hardly active anymore. 8. On the basis of activity observations, it could be concluded that migration did not occur.