jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Research on the GMM Function Entity in the Terminal of TD-SCDMA System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Mobility management is one of the sub-layers of layer 3, which mainly fulfills the functions concerning the mobility of the subscriber. Based on the principle of service domain allocation, the MM sub-layer is divided into the MM entity supporting CS mode and the GMM entity supporting PS mode. By describing the general and special procession of GMM, this paper introduces the function and the implementation of GMM entity of TD -SCDMA terminal.
10.83 Tb/s Over 800 Km Nonlinear Frequency Division Multiplexing WDM Transmission

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Nonlinear frequency division multiplexing (NFDM) transmission scheme has attracted great interest in optical fiber communication systems due to its potential for surpassing the Kerr nonlinearity limit. There have been very active studies on single-channel NFDM transmission systems recently. However, up to now, few experiments have validated the feasibility of applying NFDM into wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical communication systems toward high-capacity transmission for wideband coverage. Moreover, the overall performance of the NFDM system is restricted due to many challenges in theoretical design and practical implementation. Novel neural network-based equalization methods contribute to eliminating multi-dimensional crosstalk, hence prompting the NFDM system performance. In this article, we experimentally demonstrate a high-capacity NFDM-WDM transmission system enabled by the newly developed digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms. With data modulation on the continuous spectrum in nonlinear frequency domain, a 25-channel WDM system with polarization division multiplexing (PDM) 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) transmitting over 800 km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) is successfully achieved. To mitigate the undesirable correlations between the nonlinear continuous spectral components, a nonlinear spectrum equalization scheme based on artificial neural network (ANN) is utilized in the receiver side DSP. Through this ANN-based spectrum equalization, a 0.63 dB Q 2 -factor gain is achieved compared to the conventional equalization scheme. A record transmission capacity of 10.83 Tb/s is achieved in a 25-channel WDM system over 800 km SSMF, with a remarkable single-channel line rate of 433.3 Gb/s. Our work reports the highest capacity NFDM-WDM transmission up to date and helps to further explore the inherent ability of NFDM to resist fiber channel nonlinearity.
Polycystic kidney disease in a Chartreux cat

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is one of the most common genetic diseases in cats. It has been widely described in Persians and Persian-related cats and sporadically in other breeds. The purpose of the present paper is to describe the first reported case of PKD in a 12-year-old female Chartreux cat. The cat was referred with polyuria and polydipsia and enlarged and irregular kidneys at palpation. Multiple renal cysts and a single liver cyst were identified by ultrasound and the inherited pattern was confirmed by genetic test (polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR/RFLP) assay). Chartreux cats should be included in the screening programme of PKD, and PKD should be always considered as a possible cause of chronic renal failure in this breed.
Quality Assurance in Higher Education for Flexible Open Distance Education/Learning in Papua New Guinea

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This thesis is a case-study of Quality Assurance (QA) practice and policy discourses for Flexible Open Distance Education/Learning (FODE/L) in the Papua New Guinea (PNG) Higher Education (HE) sector. From a global to local sensemaking perspective, analysis was applied to QA for FODE/L in PNG Universities. The main argument is that PNG FODE/L has the potential to bloom providing QA is supported as an inclusive organisational culture. PNG FODE/L currently exists within a fragmented, broken and unstable QA system. The study utilised a qualitative research design approach using multiple data collection methods. Four primary data sources were used: first, semi- structured individual interviews with selected leaders of PNG universities; second, focus group interviews with FODE/L practitioners; third, open-ended questionnaires administered to students and finally, documentary evidence – FODE/L QA policy documents collected for analysis. Qualitative data analysis involved an exploratory approach for thematic coding through an interpretive process. Findings highlight existing QA grey areas. First, inclusive QA practice for FODE/L is yet to be established and sustained within QA cultures and frameworks at meso (national) and micro (institutional/individual) levels of practice. Second, meagre QA policies exist at national and institutional levels. Third, QA leadership and management lack visionary leadership for an innovative, sustainable ethical and positive FODE/L for a harmonised PNG HE sector. Given the findings, this study identifies opportunities for a sustaining QA culture and proposes a QA framework based on ethics, integrity and moral standards, called The Ethics Enterprise QA Model for PNG FODE/L. This proposed model might shape and improve the current PNG FODE/L system, hence providing research data for relevant planners and policy makers of PNG HE. Significant to research, this study fills a gap in PNG FODE/L literature. Whilst PNG FODE/L blooms, informed practice and policy through research remains vital for HE.
Induced and thymus‐derived Foxp3+ regulatory T cells share a common niche

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

F oxp3 + regulatory T ( T reg) cells, which play a central role for the maintenance of immune homeostasis and self‐tolerance, are known to be both generated in the thymus (thymus‐derived, t T reg cells) and in the periphery, where they are converted from conventional CD 4 + T cells (induced Treg (i T reg) cells). Recent data suggest a division of labor between these two T reg‐cell subsets since their combined action was shown to be essential for protection in inflammatory disease models. Here, using the transfer colitis model, we examined whether t T reg cells and i T reg cells fill different niches within the CD 4 + T ‐cell compartment. When naive T cells were co‐transferred with either pure t T reg cells or with a mixture of t T reg cells and i T reg cells, induction of F oxp3 + T reg cells from naive T cells was not hampered by preoccupation of the Treg‐cell niche. Using neuropilin‐1 ( N rp1) as a surface marker to separate t T reg cells and i T reg cells, we demonstrate that t T reg cells and i T reg cells alone can completely fill the T reg‐cell niche and display comparable TCR repertoires. However, when transferred together N rp1 + t T reg cells outcompeted N rp1 − i T reg cells and dominated the T reg‐cell compartment. Taken together, our data suggest that t T reg cells and i T reg cells share a common peripheral niche.
Addressing the Electricity Shortfall in Pakistan through Renewable resources

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This report focuses on addressing the electricity shortfall in Pakistan with the help of renewable resources. At present, the country is facing a shortfall of almost 7,000 megawatts (MW) which is affecting every walk of life and causing almost 1.5 to 2% GDP loss on annual basis. Previous research done on this subject reveals that electricity demand has always remained high then the total generation capacity of Pakistan. Similarly, it has been pointed out that the country is not taking maximum benefit from its available hydro, solar and wind resources. This leads us to the basic purpose of this research which is to have an exploratory understanding of the strategies adopted by India, China, Brazil and Spain for electricity generation in a green fashion and how can these strategies be implemented in Pakistan. Case study has been adopted as methodology for this purpose. This research work also discusses the factors contributing in the lack of promotion of renewable energy resources in Pakistan and provide detailed analyses of positive changes these projects can bring in lives of masses in Pakistan. The sustainable management of surface water resource in the country has been discussed in particular as the country faced worst floods in its history during years 2010 &amp; 2011. It will result in enhancing the surface water storage ability of Pakistan which will significantly reduce our dependence on underground water reserves and will directly increase our electricity generation capacity through hydro dams. Similarly, sustainable forest management has been discussed at length as it will not only ensure environmental sustainability but will also result in increase availability of biomass. Not to mention the fact that wood biomass is much cheaper then conventional source of electricity generation provided it is obtained through sustainable forest management. Finally, if all the green strategies discussed in this research work will be implemented, it will increase the overall electricity generation capacity of Pakistan up to 9% respectively.
Ordered array of pores on a polymer film

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This project examines the arrays formed on various glass substrates using polymer solutions via the breath figure technique and were compared to find out whether a difference in number of carboxy group, weight % and substrate surface plays a part and how each variable alters the size and order of the pores. Solutions of Monocarboxy – Terminated Polystyrene (PSm) of 1% to 3% in weight in Carbon Disulfide (CS2) and Dicarboxy – Terminated Polystyrene (PSd) of 1% to 3% in weight dissolved in CS2 were used in this experiment. The arrays are formed on 3 different glass surfaces; namely normal microscope glass (soda lime glass), cleaned cover slip glass (borosilicate glass) and Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) coated conductive glass. From results of the varied factors, PSm, 1wt% on normal microscopic glass gives the best monodispersed arrays with longer range order. Conductive glass gives the smallest pore size while 1wt% gives the best degree of ordering.
Effective Surface Sterilization and Callus Induction Protocol for Copper Leaf (acalypha Wilkesiana)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Acalyphawilkesiana (Euphorbiaceae) is a plant of medical and economic importance, which has been little utilized by researchers and farmers. An effective surface sterilization and callus induction protocol has been developed to enable future studies on the physiology and genetic improvement of this plant. Five surface sterilization treatments were used to sterilize leaf and stem segments of A. wilkesiana. MS medium with 3% sucrose, 0.2% phytagel was used to establish aseptic cultures. None of the treatments achieved 100% decontamination of explants. Surface sterilization of the stem segments with 15% rifampicin and 15% benomyl for 4 hours followed by 70% ethanol for 1 minute and 30% clorox for 30 minutes gave the highest incidence of clean cultures 71%. In contrast leaf segments could not withstand such intense surface sterilization treatment. Difference between surface sterilization protocols were significant (P<0.05). The clean cultures after 5days were transferred to medium containing growth hormones for callus induction. For induction of callus, auxin and cytokinin were supplemented to MS basal medium at 0.5 to 2.0mg/l alone or in combination. Callus production was highest on the control medium and on medium with 1.0mg/l 2,4-D and 0.5mg/l of kinetin. The induced callus was pale green and friable. For callus induction, the media treatments show significant differences in size of callus induced.
Fostering open dialogue: Creating safe spaces for adolescents to discuss sexual health

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Sexual health education has significant implications on the physical and mental well-being of adolescents, yet several barriers impede the delivery of a quality curriculum. This article explores the challenges and importance of comprehensive sexual education. Through the experiences of adolescents like “Maya” (pseudonym), we discuss the need for safe spaces, inclusive curricula, and supportive networks to address gaps in sexual health education. The article also examines the current landscape of sexual education across the United States, emphasizing the role of advocacy and community-driven initiatives in promoting standardized, inclusive, and comprehensive programs. It concludes with actionable steps individuals can take at the local, national, and legislative level to support and advance comprehensive sexual health education.
The Contribution of Equality Bodies to Countering Discrimination Against Roma in the EU

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The EU has created a strong, albeit not comprehensive, legal framework against discrimination, with the strongest protections against racial and ethnic discrimination, including for Roma. In parallel, equality bodies were created in all EU member states (and beyond), to ensure the correct application and enforcement of this legislation and to increase access to justice. This chapter looks at how this legal and institutional framework evolved and the potential of equality bodies to help prevent and tackle discrimination. This potential and expectation is later compared and contrasted with actions by selected equality bodies against Romaphobic discrimination, including a deeper case study of the work of the Romanian equality body. The chapter concludes by identifying some of the key obstacles to effective work by equality bodies and potential responses to these.
Flag-transitive symmetric $2$-designs]{The symmetric $2$-$(v,k,λ)$ designs, with $k>λ\left(λ-3 \right)/2$, admitting a flag-transitive, point imprimitive automorphism group are known

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The symmetric $2$-$(v,k,λ)$ designs, with $k>λ\left(λ-3 \right)/2$, admitting a flag-transitive, point-imprimitive automorphism group are completely classified: they are the known $2$-designs with parameters $(16,6,2),(45,12,3),(15,8,4)$ or $(96,20,4)$.
Bluetooth-based P2P Content Distribution to Mobile Users

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract—Using handheld devices such as PDAs, cellular phones and smart phones for personal entertainment has become commonplace in today’s lifestyle. Most of these devices are equipped with Bluetooth technology that can be used to distribute entertainment contents such as music, movie clips, and commercial films. However, content sharing faces several challenges such as short communication range, limited bandwidth, user mobility, performance variations between Bluetooth cards of different versions and from different manufacturers. This paper analyzes the characteristics of Bluetooth connection establishment and data phases and based on these evaluates the performance of Bluetooth Peer-to-Peer (P2P) communications in a mobile environment. The paper then investigates techniques to enhance Bluetooth content sharing performance. Simulation experiments document the improvements obtained with our proposed techniques.
Flying enhances viewing from above bias on ambiguous visual stimuli

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The human spatial orientation system is well designed on the ground but is imperfect in the aeronautical three-dimensional (3D) environment. However, human perception systems perform Bayesian statistics based on encountered environments and form shortcuts to improve perceptual efficiency. It is unknown whether our perception of spatial orientation is modified by flying experience and forms perceptual biases. The current study tested pilot perceptual biases on ambiguous visual stimuli, the bistable point-light walkers, and found that flying experiences increased the pilot's tendency to perceive himself as higher than the target and the target as farther away from them. Such perceptual effects due to flight are likely to be attributed to experience of variable vestibular state in a higher position in 3D space, rather than the experience of a higher viewpoint. Our findings suggest that flying experience will modifies our visual perceptual biases, and that more attention should be paid to the enhanced viewing from above bias when flying to avoid overestimating altitude or viewing angle when the visual conditions are ambiguous.
Omega-inconsistency without cuts and nonstandard models

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper concerns the relationship between transitivity of entailment, omega-inconsistency and nonstandard models of arithmetic. First, it provides a cut-free sequent calculus for non-transitive logic of truth STT based on Robinson Arithmetic and shows that this logic is omega-inconsistent. It then identifies the conditions in McGee (1985) for an omega-inconsistent logic as quantified standard deontic logic, presents a cut-free labelled sequent calculus for quantified standard deontic logic based on Robinson Arithmetic where the deontic modality is treated as a predicate, proves omega-inconsistency and shows thus, pace Cobreros et al.(2013), that the result in McGee (1985) does not rely on transitivity. Finally, it also explains why the omega-inconsistent logics of truth in question do not require nonstandard models of arithmetic.
New rules for expert witnesses

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Those clinicians who provide reports for use in the civil courts of England and Wales will find their practice changing over the next few months. There are fresh opportunities for those new to medicolegal work to take on stimulating (and well paid) work, but clinicians with established practices may well lose out.

The civil justice system in England and Wales has just undergone an upheaval. The changes began in 1994 when Lord Woolf was appointed to review the rules and procedures of the civil courts in England and Wales. The aims of the review were (principally) to improve access to justice and to reduce the costs of litigation. Lord Woolf was particularly troubled by the escalating cost of expert witnesses and the delay caused by the need to engage experts.1 Although Lord Woolf did not target clinical experts specifically, he complained in his final report that experts had become partisan advocates rather than neutral givers of opinions.2

The Woolf reports have crystallised into a new set of procedural rules …
Sex‐biased gene expression during the adult stage of the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Sexual dimorphisms are primary regulated by sex‐biased gene expression. In the present study, using real‐time polymerase chain reaction, we determined the expression profiles of nine genes associated with development, metabolism, stress, and defense throughout adulthood of the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella , a global pest of stored food products. Most genes were differentially expressed in a sex‐biased manner during the adult lifespan of the moth. Expression of the heat shock protein genes hsp25 and hsp90 and the antioxidant gene thioredoxin peroxidase ( Tpx ) was highly female biased, whereas the expression of a gene related to host development (ecdysone receptor [ EcR ]) and two genes associated with immunity (β‐glycan recognition protein [ βgrp ] and prophenoloxidase [ ProPO ]) was male biased. In contrast, the expression of hsp70 , glucose‐regulated protein 78 ( grp78 ) and ultraspiracle ( USP ) was not sex biased. The results of the present study provide important insights into the role of sex‐biased genes in the physiology and behavior of P. interpunctella .
PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT FOR STROKE PATIENTS IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE IN SPAIN. ICTUSCARE STUDY: PP.4.133

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objetive: To analyse the drug treatment prescribed for stroke patients in primary health care in Spain. Design and Methods: National, multicentre, crossover, epidemiological study in normal medical practice. One hundred eighty doctors from Primary Health Care surgeries all over Spain participated as investigators. The study population was comprised of patients who had suffered a stroke. Nine hundred seventy-five stroke patients were included, 20 of whom were then excluded for not meeting the selection criteria, leaving a total of 955 evaluable patients. The antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, antidiabetic, anti-platelet aggregation and/or anticoagulant treatments prescribed for each patient were recorded. Results: Sixty-one percent (583) of the patients had suffered an ischaemic stroke, 31.4% (300) a transient ischaemic attack (TIA) and 9.2% (88) a haemorrhagic stroke (the same patient could have more than one cerebrovascular accident simultaneously). Virtually all patients on anti-platelet aggregation therapy (93.8%) and all those on anticoagulants (100.0%) were prescribed one single drug. In terms of the types of drug most used, in hypertension, 57.6% were treated with ARBs, 33.4% with thiazide diuretics, 25.2% with ACE inhibitors and 24.4% with calcium channel blockers. For dyslipidaemia, 72.8% were prescribed statins, 8% ezetimibe and 2.6% fibrates. The most used antidiabetic treatment was metformin (30.2%), followed by sulphonylureas (10.6%), insulin (9.3%) and glitazones (2.5%). Eighty-five point nine percent (85.9%) of the patients were receiving anti-platelet aggregation therapy. The most commonly used anti-platelet aggregation agent was ASA (57.3%), followed by clopidogrel (20.9%). Fifteen percent (15%) of the patients were on treatment with acenocoumarol. Conclusions: Stroke patients are treated mainly with renin-angiotensin system blockers for their hypertension, statins to control their lipid profile, metformin for diabetes and acetylsalicylic acid for anti-platelet aggregation.
Posttransplant Erythrocytosis after Allogenic Stem Cell Transplant for Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Postallogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (post-allo-HSCT) erythrocytosis is a rare phenomenon mostly seen in cases of aplastic anemia. It is a well-known complication in renal transplant recipients. Clinical evaluation, serum erythropoietin (EPO) level, and Janus kinase 2 (JAK 2) mutation are important to differentiate between primary and secondary erythrocytoses. Treatment aims at normalizing the clinical, physical, and laboratory parameters and minimizing thromboembolic complications. The majority of the patients have a favorable outcome with phlebotomies and low-dose aspirin. We report a rare case of post-allo-HSCT erythrocytosis in a patient who underwent related allo-HSCT for acute myeloid leukemia.