jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
RESEARCH ARTICLE a o r H

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Full list of author information is available at the end of the articleOsteoarthritis (OA) results in progressive degeneration of the articular cartilage. OA is caused by the increase in the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), pro-inflammatory cytokines and catabolic mediators which destroy the cartilage matrix [1]. Usually, there is a balance in the anabolic and catabolic activities in the articular chondrocytes which are involved in the remodelling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Disturbance in the normal causes an increase in inflammatory factors and cytokine gene expressions [2]. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Interleukin-1β, 6 and 8 (IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8) initiate the development of OA by increasing the number of in-flammatory cells in the synovial tissue thereby increas-ing the amount of MMPs and inhibiting the production of proteoglycans [3,4]. Subsequently, the release of the catabolic mediators such as Prostaglandins E2 (PGE2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), contribute to the catabolic conse- * Correspondence:
Child and Adolescent Mental Health Policies, Programmes and Infrastructures across Europe

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract To support development of effective policy and action for child and adolescent mental health (CAMH), key national and/or regional information on monitoring, evaluation, obstacles and opportunities in CAMH from 15 European countries was collected. National expert groups in each country were created to collect the data and complete a specially designed questionnaire. The data highlight that 1) the implementation and outcomes of CAMH policies and action plans are not assessed systematically in Europe, 2) prevalence data on positive mental health, mental disorders and risk, and vulnerable populations is heterogeneous and patchy across Europe, 3) children and adolescents are rarely involved in decision-making processes affecting CAMH practices, 4) CAMH issues are not included in all relevant higher education qualifications, 5) budgets dedicated to CAMH issues are not identifiable, specific or sufficient in the long term, and 6) stakeholders and the general public are not considered to be widely aware of the determinants of CAMH. Keywords: mental healthpromotionpreventionchildrenadolescents
Morphological characteristics of temporal area skin in patients with an additional pathology on age aspect.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background. Improvement of the technical aspects of surgery in aesthetic surgery led to an increase in the number of transactions and significant increase contingent of women who are turning to specialized clinics. But it also significantly increased the proportion of patients with a variety of concomitant diseases requiring new approaches to operational technologies and special attention in the postoperative period. In this group of patients is high risk of intraoperative and postoperative complications significantly limits the range of indications. So to prevent these complications is an important question when planning operations in aesthetic surgery of the face. Objective. Determine structural and functional changes of temporal area skin in women of different age groups with an additional internal pathology. Methods. Intraoperative biopsy material of skin of 104 women at the age from 19 to 73 years, that was taken during standard surgery instrumentations for different defects of face skin correction, was investigated. Results and conclusion. It was determined, that involutive dynamic of microvessel condition in papillary layer of derma coincides with grade reduction of relative volume of microvessels bed. Microcirculation age changes include structural disorders of intrapapillary capillary loops, disorganization of arterioles in papillary and reticular layers of derma, disorders of venules because of the changes in microenvironmental fibrillar network. It is typical at the patients with nicotinic dependence, ischemic heart disease, hypertonic disease, a diabetes, and also adiposity of a different degree essential infringement of microvessels bed structure criteria of skin condition that gives the basis for allocation of the given contingent of patients as group of high intraoperative and postoperative risk at carrying out of frontlift.
Development of a techno-economic framework for natural gas dehydration via absorption using tri-ethylene glycol: A comparative study between DRIZO and other dehydration processes

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this work, the previously developed techno-economic framework in Kong et al., (2018) is extended to evaluate three different configurations of DRIZO process for natural gas dehydration: Case (i) – recycling of the regenerator overhead, Case (ii) – recycling of the flash vapour, and Case (iii) – recycling of both the flash vapour and the regenerator overhead into the dehydration system. The best configuration of DRIZO process is Case (iii), which is used as a representative case for subsequent comparison against other dehydration processes evaluated in our previous work. Our techno-economic analysis reveals that Case (iii) can regenerate tri-ethylene glycol (TEG) with the highest purity and the lowest TEG loss rate and volatile organic compound (VOC) emission. This translates to the lower water content in the dry product gas and also higher HHV relative to Case (i) and Case (ii). A higher HHV generally signifies a higher gross profit margin. Nevertheless, DRIZO process is not economically feasible in comparison to the other dehydration processes from our previous work, mainly because of the high capital expenditure and the associated operating cost. Relative to the other dehydration processes, although the gross profit margin for DRIZO process is about $100,000 higher, it is not sufficient to compensate the high capital and operating expenses due to the high TCOP of about $500,000 to $600,000. Therefore, our analysis recommends the use of stripping gas dehydration process that consumes a portion of dry product gas to achieve the desired water dew point specification for its highest gross profit margin.
THE ROLE OF THE ORAL MICROBIOME IN ORAL CANCER PATHOGENESIS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This quantitative research explores the intricate relationship between the oral microbiome and oral cancer, aiming to elucidate microbial markers indicative of disease pathogenesis. A case-control study involving 120 participants (60 oral cancer cases and 60 controls) revealed a significant reduction in microbial diversity among oral cancer cases, highlighting microbial dysbiosis. Next-generation sequencing unveiled differential abundances, with Fusobacterium nucleatum emerging as a potential microbial biomarker significantly associated with oral cancer. Functional analysis indicated enrichment in pathways related to inflammation and cell proliferation in cancer cases, implicating the oral microbiome in the local microenvironment. Importantly, Fusobacterium nucleatum exhibited diagnostic promise, displaying a fourfold increase in abundance in oral cancer cases. The positive correlation between its abundance and disease severity underscores its prognostic potential. This study contributes valuable insights into the quantitative aspects of the oral microbiome in oral cancer, paving the way for personalized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Future research should validate these findings in larger cohorts and explore translational applications of microbial markers in clinical practice.
IGF family effects on development, stability, and treatment of hematological malignancies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Multiple factors, including growth factors, are shown to be culprits of cancer outset and persistence. Among growth factors, insulin‐like growth factors (IGFs) family are of more importance in the prognosis of blood malignancies. After binding to their corresponding receptor, IGFs initiate PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and increase the translation of intracellular proteins, such as cell division‐related proteins. They also stimulate the transcription of cell division‐related genes using the Ras‐GTP pathway. In addition to organs such as the liver, IGFs are secreted by tumor cells and can cause growth and proliferation of self or tumor cells via autocrine and paracrine methods. Current studies indicate that decreasing the effects of IGF by blocking them, their receptors, or PI3K/AKT pathway using various drugs could help to suppress the division of tumor cells. Here, we delineate the role of the IGF family in hematologic malignancies and their potential mechanisms.
The feeding relationship, ambivalence and the psyche-soma of the infant: A study based on an infant observation

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper presents material from an infant observation in which the baby boy observed developed a number of psychosomatic symptoms and mannerisms in the context of particular difficulties in the mother–infant relationship. The paper focuses on certain features of this relationship, including the mother's ambivalence about breastfeeding and difficulties in her containing capacity. The baby was observed from a very early age to employ a number of precocious omnipotent defences. The links between maternal ambivalence and the baby's use of these omnipotent defences and his psychosomatic symptoms are explored, together with the impact of weaning. Some theory around the origin of psychosomatic symptoms is discussed.
Metformin attenuates post‐epidural fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF‐β1/Smad3 and HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathways

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Excessive post‐epidural fibrosis is a common cause of recurrent back pain after spinal surgery. Though various treatment methods have been conducted, the safe and effective drug for alleviating post‐epidural fibrosis remains largely unknown. Metformin, a medicine used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, has been noted to relieve fibrosis in various organs. In the present study, we aimed to explore the roles and mechanisms of metformin in scar formation in a mouse model of laminectomy. Post‐epidural fibrosis developed in a mouse model of laminectomy by spinous process and the T12‐L2 vertebral plate with a rongeur. With the administration of metformin, post‐epidural fibrosis was reduced, accompanied with decreased collagen and fibronectin in the scar tissues. Mechanistically, metformin decreased fibronectin and collagen deposition in fibroblast cells, and this effect was dependent on the HMGB1/TLR4 and TGF‐β1/Smad3 signalling pathways. In addition, metformin influenced the metabolomics of the fibroblast cells. Taken together, our study suggests that metformin may be a potential option to mitigate epidural fibrosis after laminectomy.
Effects of Inflammatory Reaction Related to Different Cerebral Protective Methods on Brain

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To observe the changes of inflammatory cytokines in brain tissues in different cerebral protective methods,study the inflammatory mechanism during cerebral protection.Methods Eighteen healthy adult dogs were randomly divided into three groups(6 dogs in each group): normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass(NCPB group),deep hypothermic circulatory arrest(DHCA group),and intermittent selective antegrade cerebral perfusion(ISACP) during DHCA(DHCA+ISACP group).After operation the water contents in brain tissue were measured,the hippocampus were removed,and radio-immunity analysis(RIA) was used to measure the content of interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) of the hippocampus tissue.The morphology of the hippocampus were examined by transmission electron(TE) microscopy.Results The contents of IL-1β and(TNF-α) of DHCA group was higher significantly than those of NCPB group and DHCA+ISACP group(P0.01),there was no significant difference between NCPB group and DHCA+ISACP group(P0.05).And the contents of(TNFα) and IL-1β were positive linear correlated with degree of edema of brain tissues(r=0.987,0.942;P0.01).TE examination revealed that the damage of the ultrastructure in the DHCA group was more severe than that in NCPB group and DHCA+ISACP group.Conclusions This experiment revealed that long duration DHCA can bring some damages to the brain and that ISACP during long-term DHCA has brain protective effects to some extent.IL-1β and TNF-α play an effective role in the brain damage of long-term DHCA.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Substituted Quinolinones. Part 2. Synthesis of Novel 4‐Pyrazolylquinolinone Derivatives.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Local anaesthetics as antimicrobial agents: structure-action considerations.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The antibacterial activity of four local anaesthetics (LAs), amethocaine and procaine (esters), and cinchocain and lignocaine (amides), has been studied. All four LAs inhibited cell growth but only amethocaine and cinchocain had significant effects on cell viability and on the leakage of cellular constituents. Effects on growth inhibition were reversible. Concentrations causing marked loss in viability also caused the leakage of cellular constituents. Uptake isotherms for all four LAs by E. coli are presented and an attempt made to relate derived intracellular LA levels with effects on growth inhibition. Cultures of E. coli grown in the presence of low levels of LAs effects reflecting the relative hydrophilic-lipophilic nature of the individual LAs.
Static and Dynamic Analysis of Capillary Compensated Hydrostatic Journal Bearings by Finite Element Method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Using finite element method steady state and dynamic performance of a capillary compensated hydrostatic journal bearing have been investigated. For stability studies, the critical mass of the bearing system has been determined by Routh’s criterion. The locus of the journal center has been predicted by discretizing time and numerically integrating the equations of motion governing the journal bearing system.
Long-term delayed extrusion of a penile prosthesis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An 84-year-old patient presented with partial extrusion of a semirigid penile prosthesis, implanted 20 years earlier following a diagnosis of erectile dysfunction refractory to oral and injection therapy. Four years previously, the patient was diagnosed with bilateral obliterans arteriopathy limited to the iliac arteries and, two years later, with chronic renal failure. At presentation, the patient complained of lower urinary tract symptoms, and his body temperature was 39 degres C. Physical Examination, Urine Culture, and Blood Tests were performed; a spontaneous partial extrusion of the left rod of the penile prosthesis through a urethral erosion was observed. A manual removal of the eroded cylinder under local anaesthesia was achieved.
Photo‐Modulated Therapeutic Protein Release from a Hydrogel Depot Using Visible Light

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract The use of biomacromolecular therapeutics has revolutionized disease treatment, but frequent injections are required owing to their short half‐life in vivo. Thus there is a need for a drug delivery system that acts as a reservoir and releases the drug remotely “on demand”. Here we demonstrate a simple light‐triggered local drug delivery system through photo‐thermal interactions of polymer‐coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) inside an agarose hydrogel as therapeutic depot. Localized temperature increase induced by the visible light exposure caused reversible softening of the hydrogel matrix to release the pre‐loaded therapeutics. The release profile can be adjusted by AuNPs and agarose concentrations, light intensity and exposure time. Importantly, the biological activity of the released bevacizumab was highly retained. In this study we demonstrate the potential application of this facile AuNPs/hydrogel system for ocular therapeutics delivery through its versatility to release multiple biologics, compatibility to ocular cells and spatiotemporal control using visible light.
Changing teaching to improve learning in large midwifery lectures: The example of neonatal jaundice

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This poster represents an ongoing Ed.D study. Midwifery students expressed difficulties in comprehending neonatal jaundice physiology, which hampered their ability to initiate explanations for parents. Limited teaching time, resulting in single lecture allocations, with large groups of over 75, did not facilitate effective learning of this complex subject. An innovative approach was required, in order to develop cohesive midwifery undergraduate understanding of the anatomy and physiology of such clinical conditions encountered in midwifery practice.
VLSI design and evaluation of high‐performance multiprocessor for state‐space digital filters using block‐state realization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this study, the performance of a multiprocessor for a state-space digital filter using block-state realization is analyzed by VLSI evaluation. The multiprocessor realization proposed by the authors is a two-dimensional SIMD structure using the same processors. The method can realize a digital filter with high throughput and accuracy, while suppressing the increase of PE and the duration. As a first step, the VLSI evaluation of the processor from the viewpoint of the distributed arithmetic is attempted. It is shown that sixteen 17th-order inner-product operations can be executed with a very high execution speed of 3.92 MHz (0.6 μm CMOS standard cell). It is then shown that a 16th-order filter can be realized by the microprocessor based on the proposed method, with a high sampling frequency above 250 MHz, which has previously been impossible. The performance obtained by the block-state realization digital filter is considered after reduction to multirate signal processing, and the sampling frequency is determined based on the indicated property. It is a processing performance that cannot be obtained by generally improving the speed of the hardware. It is further shown by the VLSI evaluation that the operation speed of the processor remains almost constant even if the order is raised, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method. ©1999 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 82(7): 51–60, 1999
Dihydropyridine-Insensitive Calcium Currents Contribute to Function of Small Cerebral Arteries

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Although dihydropyridines are widely used for the treatment of vasospasm, their effectiveness is questionable, suggesting that other voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) contribute to control of cerebrovascular tone. This study therefore investigated the role of dihydropyridine-insensitive VDCCs in cerebrovascular function. Using quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry, we found mRNA and protein for L-type (Ca V 1.2) and T-type (Ca V 3.1 and Ca V 3.2) channels in adult rat basilar and middle cerebral arteries and their branches. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed both L- and T-type channels in smooth muscle cell (SMC) membranes. Using patch clamp electrophysiology, we found that a high-voltage-activated calcium current, showing T-type channel kinetics and insensitivity to nifedipine and nimodipine, comprised ∼20% of current in SMCs of the main arteries and ∼45% of current in SMCs from branches. Both components were abolished by the T-type antagonists mibefradil, NNC 55-0396, and efonidipine. Although nifedipine completely blocked vasoconstriction in pressurized basilar arteries, a nifedipine-insensitive constriction was found in branches and this increased in magnitude as vessel size decreased. We conclude that a heterogeneous population of VDCCs contributes to cerebrovascular function, with dihydropyridine-insensitive channels having a larger role in smaller vessels. Sensitivity of these currents to nonselective T-type channel antagonists suggests that these drugs may provide a more effective treatment for therapy-refractory cerebrovascular constriction.
Penetrance of Parkinson's disease in GBA1 carriers depends on the variant severity and polygenic background

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Heterozygous GBA1 variants increase Parkinson’s disease (PD) risk with variable penetrance. We investigated the interaction between genome-wide polygenic risk scores (PRS) and severity of pathogenic GBA1 variants (GBA1PVs) to assess their combined impact on PD risk. GBA1 variants were identified from whole exome sequencing in the UK Biobank and targeted PacBio sequencing in the Luxembourg Parkinson’s Study, with PRS calculated using genome-wide significant SNPs. GBA1PVs were present in 8.8% of PD patients in the UK Biobank and 9.9% in LuxPark, with carriers showing consistently higher PD risk across all PRS categories. In the highest PRS category, PD risk increased 2.3-fold in the UK Biobank and 1.6-fold in LuxPark. Severe and mild GBA1 variants conferred nearly double the risk of PD compared to risk variants. Our findings demonstrate the impact of PRS on GBA1PVs penetrance, highlighting implications for genetic counseling and clinical trial design in GBA1-associated PD.
Targeting the MYC Ubiquitination-Proteasome Degradation Pathway for Cancer Therapy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Deregulated MYC overexpression and activation contributes to tumor growth and progression. Given the short half-life and unstable nature of the MYC protein, it is not surprising that the oncoprotein is highly regulated via diverse posttranslational mechanisms. Among them, ubiquitination dynamically controls the levels and activity of MYC during normal cell growth and homeostasis, whereas the disturbance of the ubiquitination/deubiquitination balance enables unwanted MYC stabilization and activation. In addition, MYC is also regulated by SUMOylation which crosstalks with the ubiquitination pathway and controls MYC protein stability and activity. In this mini-review, we will summarize current updates regarding MYC ubiquitination and provide perspectives about these MYC regulators as potential therapeutic targets in cancer.
Anti–α-enolase antibody combined with β2 microglobulin evaluated the incidence of nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Anti–α-enolase antibody (Ab) combined with β2 microglobulin (β2-MG) were investigated to predict the incidence of nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Methods Levels of serum anti–α-enolase Ab and urinary β2-MG were detected in 115 SLE patients, 29 SLE patients with nephritis and 70 healthy controls by ELISA and immunoturbidimetry, respectively. Furthermore, the correlation between anti–α-enolase Ab combined with β2-MG and the incidence of nephritis in SLE patients was evaluated by correlation analysis. Results The optical density value of serum anti–α-enolase Ab in SLE patients with nephritis (0.84) was greatly increased compared with SLE patients (0.76) or healthy controls (0.54). Moreover, the levels of urinary β2-MG in SLE patients with nephritis (6.75 mg/L) were increased compared with SLE patients (3.45 mg/L) or healthy controls (1.48 mg/L). There was a positive correlation between the level of anti–α-enolase Ab and β2-MG ( r = 0.754). Furthermore, anti–α-enolase Ab combined with β2-MG for evaluating the incidence of nephritis in SLE patients had the best assessment of the effectiveness (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC): 92.7%) compared with only anti–α-enolase Ab (AUC: 80.9%) or β2-MG (AUC: 84.5%). Conclusion These data suggested that anti–α-enolase Ab may be a potential indicator for the prediction of nephritis in SLE patients.