jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Serial hypoxia imaging with 99mTc-HL91 SPECT to predict radiotherapy response in non-small cell lung cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

7143 Background: To evaluate the relationship between 99m Tc-HL91 ( 99m Tc labeled 4,9-diaza-3,3,10,10-tetramethyldodecan-2,11-dione dioxime) SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) hypoxia imaging and the radiotherapy outcome and also to assess changes in tumor oxygenation during the course of treatment. Methods: 32 patients with pathologically proven non-small cell lung cancer received three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy were enrolled into the study. All patients were performed 99m Tc-HL91 SPECT scanning at one or two days before radiotherapy. 18 patients were also performed during radiotherapy (30–40 Gy) and one or two days after radiotherapy. Anterior, posterior and lateral planar images were collected at 2 hours, 4 hours and 6 hours respectively after intravenous injection approximately 740MBq 99m Tc-HL91. Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn in the tumor and contralateral normal lung tissue and the radioactivity ratios of tumor to normal tissue (T/N) were calculated. Results: The relationship between T/N ratios at 4h images after injection which was shown as the best of three acquired images before radiotherapy and the response and over survival to radiotherapy were analyzed for all 32 patients. The results of 99m Tc-HL91 imaging of 32 patients correlate well with radiotherapy response (P = 0.049) and also patient survival (P = 0.043). The average T/N value of 18 patients who receiving serial scanning was 1.57 ± 0.18, 1.44 ± 0.19 and 1.30 ± 0.14 respectively. There was significant statistic difference between these three groups (P = 0.000). Conclusions: HL91 SPECT imaging identified the hypoxia status and changes during radiotherapy in lung cancer. It was confirmed that hypoxia imaging with HL91 SPECT before treatment may predict radiotherapy response and patient survival. The relationship between T/N ratio and radiotherapy outcome in NSCLC [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Assessment of genotoxic effects of flumorph by the comet assay in mice organs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The present study investigated the genotoxic effects of flumorph in various organs (brain, liver, spleen, kidney and sperm) of mice. The DNA damage, measured as comet tail length (µm), was determined using the alkaline comet assay. The comet assay is a sensitive assay for the detection of genotoxicity caused by flumorph using mice as a model. Statistically significant increases in comet assay for both dose-dependent and duration-dependent DNA damage were observed in all the organs assessed. The organs exhibited the maximum DNA damage in 96 h at 54 mg/kg body weight. Brain showed maximum DNA damage followed by spleen > kidney > liver > sperm. Our data demonstrated that flumorph had induced systemic genotoxicity in mammals as it caused DNA damage in all tested vital organs, especially in brain and spleen.
Biological Functions of Proteases and Inhibitors

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Part 1 Physiological roles of protease: participation of lysosomal cathepsins in antigen processing and bone resorption, N. Katunuma the refined X-ray crystal structures of human and rat liver cathepsin B, W. Bode et al a novel calpain species, n-calpain, active at nM levels of calcium?, H. Sorimachi and K. Suzuki human cysteine proteinases and their inhibitors, stefins and cystatins, V. Turk and W. Bode molecular recognition of proteases associated with cascade reactions, M. Sasaki and I. Ohkubo the expression and structure of rat cystatin beta gene, N. Sato et al meprins and other members of the Astacin Family of metalloendopeptidases, W. Jiang and J.S. Bond biosynthesis, processing, and localization of cathepsin E, K. Yamamoto et al proteasome and ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis, K. Tanaka and A. Ichihara turnover of heat-shock proteins, H. Holzer et al. Part 2 Pathogenesis and protease: alterations in processing and trafficking of cathepsin B during malignant progression, B.F. Sloane et al viral proteases - a personal odyssey, B.D. Korant proteolysis-induced pathomechanisms in acute inflammation and related therapeutic approaches, M. Jochum et al neutral proteases of human mast cells, L.B. Schwartz a processing protease for gp 160 HIV-1 envelope glyco-protein precursor in human T4+ lymphocytes, H. Kido et al fibrinogen - a plasma protein of many functions, E.W. Davie et al mechanisms for alteration of the proteinase-proteinase inhibitor balance in tissues, J. Travis snake venom haemorrhagic and non-haemorrhagic metalloproteinases - their structure and function relationships, H. Takeya and S. Iwanaga inactivation and fragmentation of alpha 1-protease inhibitor by Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase and hydrogen peroxide via liberation of hydroxyl radical, H. Maeda et al.
Ammonium Eneselenolates: Stereochemical and Spectroscopic Properties

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The efficient generation and alkylation of ammonium ene selenolates have been described. The synthesis of ketene seleno thioacetals having a variety of functional groups was attained. The stereoselectivity of the generation of ammonium eneselenolates was compared between selenoic acid O-esters and selenothioic acid S-esters.
Error-resilient Reversal of Quantum Chaotic Dynamics Enabled by Scramblons

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The emergence of the arrow of time in quantum many-body systems stems from the inherent tendency of Hamiltonian evolution to scramble quantum information and increase entanglement. While, in principle, one might counteract this temporal directionality by engineering a perfectly inverted Hamiltonian to reverse entanglement growth, such a scenario is fundamentally unstable because even minor imperfections in the backward evolution can be exponentially amplified, a hallmark of quantum many-body chaos. Therefore, successfully reversing quantum many-body dynamics demands a deep understanding of the underlying structure of quantum information scrambling and chaotic dynamics. Here, by using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance on a macroscopic ensemble of randomly interacting spins, we measure the out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC) and validate key predictions of scramblon theory, a universal theoretical framework for information scrambling. Crucially, this theory enables us to isolate and mitigate errors in the OTOC caused by imperfections in the backward evolution. As a result, this protocol uncovers the anticipated exponential behavior of quantum many-body chaos and extracts the quantum Lyapunov exponent in a many-body experimental system for the first time. Our results push the fundamental limits of dynamical reversibility of complex quantum systems, with implications for quantum simulation and metrology.
Ampicillin for Typhoid Carriers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BJORNAL 1593 only one survivor has been reported from haemorrhage into the peritoneal cavity.Several surgical operations have been tried for this condition,3 such as excision of the aneurysm followed either by end-to-end suture of the hepatic artery or by anastomosis of the proximal end of the splenic artery (after splenectomy) with the distal end of the hepatic artery.We are grateful to Mr. J.
Control of Extracellular beta-1,3-glucanase activity in a basidiomycete species

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The basidiomycete QM 806 excreted large amounts of beta-1,3-glucanase into the culture medium. Synthesis and excretion of the enzyme were triggered by a critically low concentration of carbon source. The extracellular beta-1,3-glucanase exhibited a remarkable stability. Addition of glucose or other carbon sources to a culture after consumption of the initial carbon source led to an inactivation of the extracellular beta-1,3-glucanase by an inactivating system, which could be separated from the cells. The inactivation of beta-1,3-glucanse was prevented by cycloheximide. This indicates the necessity of active protein synthesis for the inactivation process but does not prove that the inactivating system itself is a protein. Marked changes in the electrophoretic mobility and immunological properties of beta-1,3-glucanase indicate rather profound alterations of the enzyme protein in the course of inactivation.
Applications and Advancements in Energy Storage for Smart Grids

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Energy storage systems integration is crucial for improving the functionality and effectiveness of smart grids. This research investigates the recent advancements in energy storage technologies to address the challenges associated with renewable energy integration and grid reliability. Advancements in battery technologies are analyzed in terms of their performance, cost-effectiveness, and environmental impact. The research assesses the integration of machine learning algorithms for predictive analytics and real-time decision-making in optimizing energy storage operations within smart grids. The research examines the role of demand-side management in coordinating energy storage assets for grid support. Through case studies, the proposed framework's effectiveness is evaluated in various smart grid scenarios, showcasing its ability to enhance grid reliability. This research contributes valuable insights to the ongoing evolution of smart grid technologies, aiding policymakers, utilities, and researchers in navigating the complexities of modern energy systems.
Efficient coupling of high-intensity subpicosecond laser pulses into dilute solid targets

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We have demonstrated that high-intensity sub-picosecond laser pulses can be efficiently absorbed by a dilute solid material. We have measured laser reflectivities as low as 10% from certain targets, in contrast to the 90% reflectivity observed from flat solid surfaces. The hot plasmas generated on dilute solids exhibit greatly increased x-ray emission due to the enhanced laser absorption. Laser-to-x-ray conversion efficiency greater than 1% have been observed for x-ray energies above 1keV.
Taxonomic and bionomic notes on the white spot assassin bug Platymeris biguttatus (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Reduviinae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Li, Hu, Zhao, Guangyu, Cao, Liangming, Xu, Kang, Cai, Wanzhi (2010): Taxonomic and bionomic notes on the white spot assassin bug Platymeris biguttatus (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Reduviinae). Zootaxa 2644: 47-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.198670
KAWASAKI SYNDROME WITH INVOLVEMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Kawasaki syndrome is an acute systemic vasculitis with unknown etiology, affecting primary children at the age of 0–5 years old, which can be of a real threat for health and life not only during acute stage of the disease, but also many years after. The main prognostic factor is involvement of the coronary arteries with aneurisms development and high risk of consequent thrombosis and/or stenosis of the coronary arteries, which can lead to myocardial ischemia/infarction and sudden death syndrome in young patients. Different variants of long-term pathological changes of the coronary arteries are discussed in the article. Aneurisms regressed in 50–60% of involved segments of the coronary arteries within first 2 years after active stage. The probability of regression of aneurisms depends on their diameter, form, localization and patient’s age. Gigantic sizes of aneurisms have the highest risk of coronary thrombosis and stenosis. Clinical consequences of coronary thrombosis vary from asymptomatic course to myocardial infarction, depending on thrombus size and localization. The risk of coronary stenosis depends on aneurism size and increases with time passed from the onset of the disease. The authors give information on diagnostic possibilities of instrumental methods of investigation of the coronary arteries, management of follow-up and treatment of reconvalescents in order to decrease risk of life-threatening conditions. The shown data are based on the literature review and own experience of observation of 90 patients with Kawasaki syndrome with the onset of the disease between 2004 and 2010 years.
Kinetic Behavior and Mechanism of Inhibition in the Maillard Reaction. I. Kinetic Behavior of the Reaction Between D‐Glucose and Glycine

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

SUMMARY The kinetic behavior of the Maillard reaction between D‐glucose and glycine is discussed, and apparent rate constants–k l , from the induction period of the reaction, and K a. t , from the steady‐phase formation of melanoidins– are estimated. The free energies of activation for two steps with corresponding rate constants K 1 and k a t are respectively found to be 26.5 and 26.1 kcal mole ‐1 . Both steps have unfavorable negative entropy of activation. The overall rate expression is image where I represents intermediates, g and G respectively glycine and glucose, B the brown products, and k's the rate constants. On the basis of kinetic considerations, hydroxymethyl furfural is ruled out as a major intermediate in the Maillard reaction.
A low-cost microcontroller-based maximum power point tracking system with multiple-string connection for PV stand-alone applications

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this paper is to design and implementation of a multiple-string connection using modular buck converter with Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) for stand-alone PV solar energy system. A simple, highly-performance algorithm suitable to be implemented in a low-cost microcontroller (PIC 18F4431) has been developed in order to make photovoltaic arrays track and operate in their maximum power point. A 3kWp prototype distributed solar controller comprising 4-modular MPPT buck converters with the proposed control scheme has been designed and implemented. Experimental results confirm excellent tracking effectiveness and rapid dynamic response.
Quality Assurance of some imported canned meat products marketed in Fayoum city, Egypt

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The current study aimed to ensure the chemical and microbiological quality of imported canned meat.Random samples of canned beef, canned beef luncheon and corned beef are imported from different countries were collected from the local market in Fayoum Governorate.Chemical composition (moisture, protein, fat, ash content, carbohydrate and energy value), Quality indices (pH, Total volatile basic nitrogen and Thiobarbituric acid) and Microbiological quality (Aerobic plate counts, Staphylococcus aureus, Thermophilic bacteria and Clostridia count) have been estimated.The moisture content was not in conformity with the Egyptian Organization for standardization (E.O.S 1563/2005) in 50% of the samples, as well as the protein content of all samples not in conformity with the (EOS, 1563/2005).While the only fat content in which all samples were in accordance with the (EOS, 1563(EOS, /2005)).Also, T.V.B.N and T.B.A values for all trademark's samples passed into the allowance limits.Microbiological analysis revealed the presence of Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridia count in 50 and 37.5 % respectively of trademarks samples.
Judge rules that government must disclose figures on late abortions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The UK government has lost a High Court battle to keep secret “sensitive” statistics on late abortions, which it argued could lead to the identification of patients and doctors.

The small numbers who had late abortions for certain conditions meant that individual patients could have their identities revealed with potentially “awful consequences,” the Department of Health argued.

But at the high court in London, Mr Justice Cranston upheld a ruling by the information tribunal in October 2009 that freedom of information rules required the statistics on late abortions to be disclosed. The ruling followed a freedom …
Opportunities to Support Medication Intake across Boundaries of Care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This paper depicts findings from a project focusing on designing medicine management support for nonclinical settings. In particular, we discuss how we can support older adults across boundaries of care in planning, informing, reminding and documenting activities. Additionally, we present opportunities when designing for everyday medication management. We use MediFrame, a tablet based app that supports older adults in their medicine intake at home and findings from its Participatory Design process to support our argumentation.
A Comprehensive Approach to Asian Upper Eyelid Ptosis Correction: The Levator Musculo-Aponeurotic Junction Formula

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The unique anatomy of the Asian upper eyelid requires specific adaptation to the levator advancement technique for ptosis correction to achieve predictable and reproducible outcomes. Objectives The levator musculo-aponeurotic junction was employed as they key landmark. With a formula developed by the authors, the location of fixation relative to this landmark can be predicted preoperatively. The authors’ clinical experience and outcomes with this technique are presented. Methods Inclusion criteria were Asian patients with mild to severe ptosis with at least fair levator function. Patients with acquired or congenital ptosis and primary and revisional cases were all included. The location for placement of the advancement sutures was measured from the musculo-aponeurotic junction of the upper eyelid levator. This distance was determined by a formula that considers (1) the amount of elevation of the upper eyelid margin needed, (2) the degree of compensatory brow elevation present, and (3) eye dominance. Results A total 156 Asian patients were included in this prospective study. Of these, 148 were bilateral and 8 were unilateral corrections. The technique was predictable with resolution of symptoms of eyelid ptosis post-surgery and good long-term symmetry of the palpebral aperture and crisp upper eyelid creases. The formula for estimating the fixation point on the levator was accurate to within ±1 mm in the majority of patients. The aperture revision rate was 2%. Conclusions This novel technique provides a predictable and reliable approach for upper eyelid ptosis correction in Asian patients. Level of Evidence: 4
Branched skeletal muscle fibers not associated with dysfunction

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract We report the occurrence of large clefts and branches in some amphibian vertebrate skeletal muscle fibers. Such fibers can be isolated intact from various skeletal muscles of fully mature animals and apparently are normal in other respects. Electron micrographs showed no signs of degeneration in most fibers. Electrical and mechanical studies revealed that all branches were excitable and able to contract. Branches evidently can arise in the absence of abnormal influences such as experimentally induced overload. The apparent cause may be either fusion or splitting of fibers.
FACTORS INFLUENCING HIV KNOWLEDGE AMONG WOMEN OF CHILDBEARING AGE IN SOUTH SUMATRA, INDONESIA (Artikel Jurnal)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study aims to provide detailed information on the role of the following social determinants(i.e. education, occupation, place of residence, marital and economic status)in the acquisition of HIV knowledge among women of childbearing age(15-49 years old).The study uses secondary data from the 2012 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). The IDHS used a quantitative analytical approach with a cross-sectional study design and multi-stage stratified sampling. The sample included 1,335 women aged 15 to 49 years old living in South Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Descriptive analysis, ANOVA, and t-test and multiple logistic regressions were performed in this study. The results show one out of two women have little HIV knowledge. The more highly educated women were positively associated with a greater degree of knowledge related to comprehensive knowledge related to HIV(AOR: 3.7, 2.2-6.2, p.<0.05), HIV prevention (AOR:16.6, 1.8-153.9, p<0.05), transmission from mother to child(AOR:11.1, 3.3-36.9, p <0.05),HIV misconceptions(AOR:5.1, 1.1-23.1, p<0.05)and HIV services(AOR:5.7, 2.8-11.4, p< 0.05). In addition, the women lived in urban areas had more knowledge related to HIV prevention and transmission(AOR: 3.36, 1.8-6.2, p<0.05),and knowledge about mother-to-child of HIV transmission (AOR: 3.2, 1.8-5.5, p<0.05)compared to those who lived in rural areas. To conclude, education level was found to be the dominant factor associated with knowledge of HIV across all categories of knowledge after controlling by other determinants, age, marital status, working status and residence. HIV awareness and comprehensive HIV information among women who are considered to be in a low-risk group for HIV infection should be integrated with formal education as well as in maternal health services, particularly in rural areas.

Keywords: HIV/AIDS, Knowledge, Women of Childbearing Age, IDHS 2012
Small Intestinal Angioectasias Are Not Randomly Distributed in the Small Bowel and Most May Be Reached by Push Enteroscopy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Goals: The goal was to describe the location of angioectasias within small bowel on capsule endoscopy and the utility of push enteroscopy versus deep enteroscopy in treatment of overt bleeding from these. Background: Overt bleeding from small bowel angioectasias is a clinical challenge. Thalidomide and octreotide can be difficult to prescribe and may not be effective. Endoscopy remains a mainstay of treatment for overt bleeding from angioectasias but data regarding the long-term efficacy of endoscopic therapy are limited. We sought to define the location of small bowel angioectasias using capsule endoscopy and review our outcomes for push and double-balloon enteroscopy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all 428 capsule endoscopy studies from the Veterans Administration Hospital in West Haven, CT from 2005 to 2012. Location of angioectasias was evaluated using lead mapping and small bowel transit time. Results: We identified 69 patients with small bowel angioectasia. At least 66.8% of lesions were in duodenum or ligament of Treitz, with 78.3% within the first 25% of small bowel transit. Twenty-four patients underwent endoscopic treatment of overt bleeding from small bowel angioectasias. Thirty-three percent rebled requiring multiple procedures. Eight patients had 10 anterograde double-balloon examinations. Only 2 patients had both cessation of bleeding with double balloon and lesions outside the reach of push enteroscopy. Conclusions: Push enteroscopy for bleeding angioectasias is effective in many patients. Deep enteroscopy may not benefit most patients as most angioectasias are proximal. Patients with deeper lesions tended to have multiple lesions and rebleeding despite deep enteroscopy.