jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
HEYDEN'S Stabilized Formaldehyde saves you money

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAdvertisementNEXTHEYDEN'S Stabilized Formaldehyde saves you moneyCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1961, 39, 31, 6Publication Date (Print):July 31, 1961Publication History Published online6 November 2010Published inissue 31 July 1961https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v039n031.p006Copyright © 1961 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views55Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) SUBJECTS:Aldehydes Get e-Alerts
Investigation of the role of the RNA-dependant RNA polymerase in the transcription and replication of the 1918 pandemic Influenza A virus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The 1918 “Spanish Flu” pandemic was cause by an Influenza A virus that infected 500 million people and nearly 50 million people died. Influenza viruses utilize a RNA-Dependant RNA Polymerase (RdRp) complex, composed of the PA, PB1 and PB2 proteins along with the viral nucleoprotein (NP) to mediate viral transcription and replication. The 1918 PB1 gene has been linked to increased virulence in mice and ferrets. We have investigated the role of PB1 in the transcription and replication of the 1918 virus and its relation to pathogenicity by comparing its RdRp to the RdRp of a low virulence conventional H1N1 human virus isolate, A/Canada/RV733/2007 (RV733). Contrary to previous studies, our dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed the 1918 RdRp had lower transcriptional activity than the RV733 RdRp in vitro. The 1918 NP seems to be the key determinant for the difference in transcriptional activity of the 1918 and RV733 RdRp complexes. The 1918 PB1 in the RV733 RdRp maintained high reporter expression while the RV733 PB1 in the 1918 RdRp abolished reporter expression. 1918/RV733 chimeric PB1 proteins were also generated and evaluated with the reporter assay. Recombinant RV733/1918 viruses were generated by reverse genetics and we determined that PB1 is a key determinant of the high growth phenotype of the 1918 virus, but only a minor contributor to pathogenicity. A novel role for the 1918 NP in the high growth phenotype and pathogenicity of the 1918 virus is also described.
‘The Great Adventure’ - The experiences of Lena Hitchcock, World War One occupational therapy reconstruction aide

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: World War One was a pivotal era in the development of occupational therapy (Wilcock 2002). Occupational therapy reconstruction aides worked in hospitals in America and France engaging injured soldiers in occupations to increase motor function, divert their minds from pain and depression and prepare them for future vocations (Bloom Hoover 1996). In 1918, twenty eight year old occupational therapy reconstruction aide, Lena Hitchcock, travelled to France. She recorded her experiences in her unpublished memoir, ‘The Great Adventure ’. Objective: To identify the professional experiences (occupations used, relationships with injured soldiers, relationships with colleagues) of occupational therapy reconstruction aide, Lena Hitchcock, by analysing her unpublished memoir ‘The Great Adventure’. Methods: Historical documentary research methods were employed. The memoir was analysed thematically (Braun and Clarke 2006). Secondary sources, including the published history of Base Hospital 9 (Brown 1920) where Lena worked, were also analysed. Findings: Thematic analysis revealed 150 codes which refined to three themes: (i) the therapeutic occupations used by the Aides; (ii) relationships between the occupational therapy reconstruction aides and injured soldiers and (iii) the relationships of the occupational therapy reconstruction aides with other colleagues, including physiotherapy reconstruction aides. Conclusions: This research chronicled the experience of one occupational therapy reconstruction aide working in France during World War One. The therapeutic use of occupations including arts and crafts emerged. The occupational therapy reconstruction aides’ relationships with injured soldiers, nurses, doctors and physiotherapy reconstruction aides evolved over this period of time. It is by understanding its history, current occupational therapy practice and approaches can be contextualised.
Perceived Threat of a Heart Attack among Mexican Americans with Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Compared to the general population, Mexican Americans are at greater risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, such as heart attack, due to the high prevalence of risk factors. This qualitative descriptive study explored knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors; perceptions of risk, susceptibility, and seriousness; where health information is obtained; and the likelihood of seeking immediate medical assistance for heart attack symptoms among Mexican Americans with CVD risk factors. A purposive sample of 19 Mexican American adults with CVD risk factors were interviewed. Overall participants were knowledgeable that chest pain is a heart attack symptom; however, many also reported irrelevant symptoms or confused heart attack with stroke symptoms. Participants were more knowledgeable about heart attack risk factors; however, only ten participants believed they were at risk of having a heart attack in their lifetime. Perceptions of lifetime heart attack risk were ascribed to personal attributes and not taking care of themselves. Healthcare providers had not told more than half of participants about their heart attack risk, despite that all were at either moderate or high risk for a 5-year CVD event. Barriers to seeking immediate medical assistance for suspected heart attack symptoms included not being able to get help or transportation issues. The majority of participants recognized the importance of seeking medical assistance for heart attack symptoms; however, more than half did not identify calling 911 as their first action if they thought they were experiencing heart attack symptoms. Based on the findings, the study sample required additional information about heart attack symptoms, individual risk factors, and the actions they should take if they experience heart attack symptoms.
Identifying and validating the antecedents and consequences of knowledge hoarding by knowledge workers

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Knowledge hoarding by knowledge workers deprives the organization of very valuable resources and can have many direct and indirect consequences. This research was conducted with the aim of identifying and validating its. This applied research has been done with a mixed sequential exploratory approach. Factors have been identified with a qualitative approach using thematic analysis method. The participants of this stage were the selected technical experts of Nahaja, and a semi-structured interview was used to survey their views. The quantitative stage was carried out in order to validate the identified factors. For this purpose, a questionnaire distributed among selected thecnical experts. These data were analysed through structural equation modeling (confirmatory factor analysis) and Smart Pls version 3 software. The findings showed that the antecedents of knowledge hoarding include individual factors (tendencies and interests, concerns and worries, motivations, individual traits and characteristics), interpersonal factors (communication factors), organizational factors (occupational factors, culture organizational, managerial factors, and structural factors), extra-organizational factors (social, cultural and economic factors). Also, the consequences of knowledge hoarding were classified into two categories of individual and organizational consequences. Quantitative analyzes also confirmed the significance of the relationship between the desired indicators and components. The results of this research can provide useful knowledge in this field to manage the phenomenon of knowledge hoarding. The simultaneous identification of factors affecting the occurrence of knowledge hoarding in the aforementioned four levels, as well as the consequences of this complication for knowledge workers and the organization, can provide an effective understanding for the management of this destructive organizational behavior. The simultaneous attention to the roots and individual and organizational consequences of this complication is considered the outstanding distinguishing feature of this research.
Self-renewal capacity of mobilized murine haemopoietic stem cells.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Self-renewal capacity of stem cells (9 day CFU-S) circulating in the blood and that of CFU-S mobilized into the circulation by various agents was compared in BDF1 mice. For CFU-S mobilization 1.5 mg trypsin, 150 micrograms endotoxin, 1 mg Zymosan per mouse or 5 mg/kg methylprednisolone were injected i.v. and the blood CFU-S level was measured 15 min to several days after provocation. Self-renewal capacity of the mobilized CFU-S showed a 4 to 14-fold increase if compared to that of normal blood CFU-S. This, however, proved to be lower than that of bone marrow CFU-S. This increase in self-renewal capacity was independent of the type of mobilizer, suggesting that CFU-S mobilizing agents, in general, release the same subpopulation of CFU-S. The fairly good correlation between the amount and self-renewal capacity of CFU-S in the circulation supported the assumption that, up to a certain limit, the more CFU-S are mobilized, the better quality stem cells can be obtained for transplantation purposes.
The Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Properties and Second-Phase Particles of 0.4mm Galvanized Ti-IF Steel

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A series of simulated continuum annealing experiments were done on 0.4mm Ti-IF by Gleeble-3800 thermal simulation machine at 700, 730, 760, 790, 820 and 850 degree. The optical microstructures of the specimens were characterized. Transmission electron microscopy analysis was carried out to investigate the second phase particles shape, size and distribution. The mechanical properties of the specimens were measured. The results showed that the yield strength and the tension strength of the steel decreased when the annealing temperature increased, the elongation increased when the annealing temperature increased, expect a maximum elongation value at 760 degree. Based on the microstructure and the second phase, the reason why there was a maximum value was discussed.
Cyber trust cultivation premise and development

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Digital transformation and connectivity have provided unprecedented opportunities for cyberattacks. Cyber incidents undermine trust, negatively affect consumers' trust, and can cause significant direct economic losses. Therefore, organizations should make cybersecurity by design a crucial feature of their strategy. This chapter reviews the literature and the main cyber trust legal provisions at European Union and United States levels, followed by a student opinion survey on cyber trust involving respondents from Poland, Romania, and the United States. The survey aimed to verify a number of research questions, such as what cyber trust is, how individuals perceive it, and how to better support cultivation of cyber trust, resilience, and cybersecurity. The key findings of this chapter are that cyber trust expertise requires cognitive thinking about cyberattacks and constant engagement in cyber trust education and training.
Hot bumble bees at good food: thoracic temperature of feedingBombus wilmattaeforagers is tuned to sugar concentration

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY The ability of bees to generate metabolic heat plays an important role in their ability to forage and pollinate because they must achieve a minimum temperature to activate their flight muscles. In honey bees and stingless bees, the thoracic temperature of feeding foragers is correlated with the caloric value of sucrose solution provided at feeders outside the nest. We provide the first detailed data showing that this phenomenon also occurs in the closely related bumble bee and thus may be homologous in all social bees of the Apidae. Using infrared thermography, we measured Tth for Bombus wilmattae foragers (mass 0.17±0.11 g, length 15.0±1.5 mm) from six wild colonies,foraging on a range of sucrose concentrations (0.5-2.5 mol l-1,16-65% by mass) in foraging arenas. For all colonies, we measured significant increases in ΔTth (P&lt;0.0001) with increasing sucrose concentration, with significant differences(P&lt;0.0001) between colonies due to different linear regression slopes (0.28-2.4) and y-intercepts (2.7-5.5). We suggest that this modulation of pitching Tth to sucrose concentration is a general phenomenon in all social bees and may be a widespread adaptation facilitating rapid food collection in flying Hymenoptera.
The Architecture of a Test Automation Framework for Access Gateway in NGN

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the development of all kinds of devices that will be used or are being used in NGN, test automation,which can do much heavy work instead of human,is more and more popular. In this paper,the UML (Unified Modeling Language) released by OMG (Object Management Group) as the model description language,the design of a test automation framework-BTAF (Broadband access Test Automation Framework)-for Access Gateway is introduced. Then the advantages of BTAF are emphasized. Through comparison with manual test, the benefit of automation test is digitalized.
Estimation of Shear Wave Speed in the Rhesus Macaques’ Uterine Cervix

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cervical softness is a critical parameter in pregnancy. Clinically, preterm birth is associated with premature cervical softening and postdates birth is associated with delayed cervical softening. In practice, the assessment of softness is subjective, based on digital examination. Fortunately, objective, quantitative techniques to assess softness, and other parameters associated with microstructural cervical change are emerging. One of these is shear wave speed (SWS) estimation. In principle, this allows objective characterization of stiffness because waves travel more slowly in softer tissue. We are studying SWS in humans and rhesus macaques, the latter in order to accelerate translation from bench to bedside. For the current study, we estimated SWS in ex vivo cervices of rhesus macaques, n=24 nulliparous (never given birth) and n=9 multiparous (delivered at least one baby). Misoprostol (a prostaglandin used to soften human cervices prior to gynecological procedures) was administered to 13 macaques prior to necropsy (nulliparous: 7; multiparous: 6). SWS measurements were made at predetermined locations from the distal to proximal end of the cervix on both the anterior and posterior cervix, with five repeat measures at each location. The intent was to explore macaque cervical microstructure, including biological and spatial variability, to elucidate the similarities and differences between the macaque and the human cervix in order to facilitate future in vivo studies. We found that SWS is dependent on location in the normal nonpregnant macaque cervix, as in the human cervix. Unlike the human cervix, we detected no difference between ripened and unripened rhesus macaque cervix samples, nor nulliparous versus multiparous samples, although we observed a trend toward stiffer tissue in nulliparous samples. We found rhesus macaque cervix to be much stiffer than human, which is important for technique refinement. These findings are useful for guiding study of cervical microstructure in both humans and macaques.
Studies of laminin a2 chain deficient mice -muscle sparing, charaterization of Cib2 and defective spermatorgenesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mutations in the gene encoding laminin α2 chain, an extracellular matrix protein mainly expressed in the neuromuscular system, cause a severe form of muscular dystrophy, congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A (MDC1A). Laminin α2 chain is associated to the muscle fibers by two major receptors, where one of them, integrin α7β1, is diminished upon laminin α2 chain deficiency. The majority of the skeletal muscles display severe dystrophic phenotypes upon laminin α2 chain absence, but we report a spared muscle group, the intrinsic laryngeal muscles (ILM). No evidence of muscle degeneration is detected and expression of various laminin chains is similar to that of limb muscles but sustained integrin α7B expression is noted. We therefore conclude that ILM are spared in the dy3K/dy3K mouse model of congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A. The singling mediated by laminin α2 chain is poorly understood. To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying MDC1A, we have performed gene expression profiling of laminin α2 chain deficient mouse limb muscle. One of the down-regulated genes encodes a protein called calcium and integrin binding protein 2 (Cib2) whose expression and function is unknown. However, the closely related Cib1 has been reported to bind integrin αIIb and may be involved in outside-in-signaling in platelets. Since Cib2 might be a novel integrin α7β1 binding protein in muscle, we have studied Cib2 expression in the developing and adult mouse. We demonstrate that Cib2 is a calcium binding protein that interacts with integrin α7Bβ1D. Thus, our data suggest a role for Cib2 as a cytoplasmic effector of integrin α7Bβ1D signaling in skeletal muscle. Moreover, we have in the seminiferous tubules of laminin α2 chain deficient mice observed a defect in the timing of lumen formation, resulting in production of fewer spermatides. We also demonstrate that overexpression of laminin α1 chain in testis of dy3K/dy3K mice compensated for laminin α2 chain deficiency and significantly reversed the appearance of the histopathological features. We thus provide genetic data that laminin α chains are essential for normal testicular function in vivo. In summary, the increased knowledge about the roles of laminin α2 chain in development and disease will hopefully help us to design novel therapeutic approaches for MDC1A.
Gender and crowdfunding: does the “crowd” perceive experience differently for men and women?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This research looks at the role that an entrepreneur’s gender and prior experience (failure vs. success) play in crowdfunding investment decisions. Crowdfunding has recently emerged as a female-friendly platform used by entrepreneurs in order to secure finances, yet empirical evidence suggests that females are still not funded to the same extent as male entrepreneurs. We hypothesize that investment decisions will be influenced by the entrepreneur’s gender and we explore this effect under the circumstance that the entrepreneur holds some form of prior experience (success/failure). The role of the entrepreneur’s gender is examined in the context of determining whether the entrepreneur’s prior experience (failure in particular) is viewed positively or negatively by the investor. Adopting an experimental methodology, we test a number of hypothesized relationships between prior success/failure, gender, and funding. In short, the proposed research model suggests that prior entrepreneurial experience has an impact on the investment decision, and this relationship is moderated by the entrepreneur’s gender.
Chemotherapy Dosing Strategies in the Obese, Elderly, and Thin Patient: Results of a Nationwide Survey

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose Determining the optimal starting dose of chemotherapy (CHT) presents a considerable challenge when using body-surface area (BSA)–based dosing, particularly in obese, elderly, or thin patients. We sought to document the range of approaches employed when administering CHT to these patients. Methods A questionnaire was developed by a panel of oncologists and mailed to all members of the Medical Oncology Group of Australia. Results From 315 oncologists, 188 responded (response rate 59.7%). BSA-based dosing is standard practice for 176 (97.2%) of the responding oncologists. In the adjuvant disease setting, 23 (12.7%) use ideal rather than actual body weight (BW) to calculate BSA, or choose whichever is less. When treating obese patients, only 6.1% of respondents routinely use actual BW. Of the remainder, 69.5% either cap the dose at 2 m 2 or use ideal BW. In underweight patients, 95% (n = 171) routinely calculate BSA using actual BW. Forty one respondents (22.7%) routinely reduce dose in the fit elderly. Conclusion This analysis of BSA-based CHT dosing methods demonstrates significant variability in practice. Based on evidence from adjuvant studies showing that actual BSA-based dosing is desirable, a substantial number of Australian patients are being underdosed. Further education, together with ongoing research, is required to optimize individualized dosing for efficacy and tolerability.
Biophysical characterization of a chaperone complex involved in macroautophagy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Eukaryotic cells have developed regulated pathways to maintain a fine balance between protein synthesis, folding, trafficking and degradation (proteostasis). Disruption of this homeostasis network may lead to the onset of pathologies such as cancer or neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, cells count on several pathways to remove and prevent accumulation and aggregation of potentially toxic proteins, namely the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy. Three types of autophagy have been described so far: chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), microautophagy and macroautophagy. The chaperone Hsp70 has a central role in all of them. In macroautophagy, Hsp70, in collaboration with other partners (CHIP, Bag3, HspB8), forms a complex that recognizes, ubiquitinates and delivers aggregate-prone proteins towards special locations in cells (aggresomes), for further degradation. This project focuses on the biophysical characterization of the HspB8:Bag3:Hsp70 complex and its components. HspB8, Bag3 and Hsp70 form a stable ternary complex in vitro, which we have studied by different biophysical techniques and also by standard electron microscopy (negative staining) and cryoelectron microscopy (cryoEM). Using cryoelectron tomography, we have analyzed the distribution of the ternary complex in the specimen grids, and have found a tendency of the complex not to distribute evenly within the ice layer, but in a single stratum probably the air-water interface. Using single particle analysis, a low-resolution map has been obtained by negative staining, which combined with crosslinking-mass spectrometry data, has allowed us to build a pseudo-atomic model of the ternary complex. Additionally, we have obtained by cryoEM a low-resolution 3D map where only the atomic models of Hsp70SBD and BAG:Hsp70NBD could be accommodated. The model supports the previously described bimodal character of the Bag3:Hsp70 interaction.