jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sustainability of the Catalytic Activity of a Silica-Titania Composite (STC) for Long-Term Indoor Air Quality Control

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

TiO2-assisted photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) is an emerging technology for indoor air quality control and is also being evaluated as an alternative trace contaminant control technology for crew habitats in space exploration. Though there exists a vast range of literature on the development of photocatalysts and associated reactor systems, including catalyst performance and performance-influencing factors, the critical question of whether photocatalysts can sustain their initial catalytic activity over an extended period of operation has not been adequately addressed. For a catalyst to effectively serve as an air quality control product, it must be rugged enough to withstand exposure to a multitude of low concentration volatile organic compounds (VOCs) over long periods of time with minimal loss of activity. The objective of this study was to determine the functional lifetime of a promising photocatalyst - the silica-titania composite (STC) from Sol Gel Solutions, LLC in a real-world scenario. A bench-scale STC-packed annular reactor under continuous irradiation by a UV-A fluorescent black-light blue lamp ((lambda)max = 365 nm) was exposed to laboratory air continuously at an apparent contact time of 0.27 sand challenged with a known concentration of ethanol periodically to assess any changes in catalytic activity. Laboratory air was also episodically spiked with halocarbons (e.g., octafluoropropane), organosulfur compounds (e.g., sulfur hexafluoride), and organosilicons (e.g., siloxanes) to simulate accidental releases or leaks of such VOCs. Total organic carbon (TOC) loading and contaminant profiles of the laboratory air were also monitored. Changes in STC photocatalytic performance were evaluated using the ethanol mineralization rate, mineralization efficiency, and oxidation intermediate (acetaldehyde) formation. Results provide insights to any potential catalyst poisoning by trace halocarbons and organosulfur compounds.
CETARS/CAR Practice Guideline on Imaging the Pregnant Trauma Patient

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Imaging of pregnant patients who sustained trauma often causes fear and confusion among patients, their families, and health care professionals regarding the potential for detrimental effects from radiation exposure to the fetus. Unnecessary delays or potentially harmful avoidance of the justified imaging studies may result from this understandable anxiety. This guideline was developed by the Canadian Emergency, Trauma and Acute Care Radiology Society (CETARS) and the Canadian Association of Radiologists (CAR) Working Group on Imaging the Pregnant Trauma Patient, informed by a literature review as well as multidisciplinary expert panel opinions and discussions. The working group included academic subspecialty radiologists, a trauma team leader, an emergency physician, and an obstetriciangynaecologist/maternal fetal medicine specialist, who were brought together to provide updated, evidence-based recommendations for the imaging of pregnant trauma patients, including patient safety aspects (eg, radiation and contrast concerns) and counselling, initial imaging in maternal trauma, specific considerations for the use of fluoroscopy, angiography, and magnetic resonance imaging. The guideline strives to achieve clarity and prevent added anxiety in an already stressful situation of injury to a pregnant patient, who should not be imaged differently.
Stress and crustal anisotropy in Marlborough, New Zealand: evidence for low fault strength and structure-controlled anisotropy

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The major strike-slip faults in the greater Marlborough region, central New Zealand, are of both scientific and societal interest as they accommodate relative plate motion in the upper plate of an oblique subduction zone and pose a high seismic risk to central New Zealand. Studies in California suggest that some plate-bounding strike-slip faults are frictionally weak and that crustal anisotropy is controlled by the ambient stress. Whether these observations are more generally applicable to major strike-slip faults has yet to be determined. We have used inversions of focal mechanism and first motion data to calculate the principal stress directions in Marlborough and related them to the geometry of the major faults. The average angle between the axis of maximum horizontal compressive stress (SHmax) and the average strike of the major faults is 60°; this is substantially higher than the ∼30° expected for reactivation of a vertical strike-slip fault given Byerlee friction and hydrostatic fluid pressure. This geometry can be explained, however, by the faults having a moderately low friction coefficient (∼0.35), a moderately high fluid pressure (∼0.7 × lithostatic) or some combination of the two. This observation substantiates the hypothesis that the San Andreas fault is not unique in being frictionally weak. We have also conducted shear-wave splitting analysis on local S phases to determine the directions of crustal anisotropy and investigated their orientations with respect to the geological fabric and the principal stress directions. The anisotropy determined using shallow earthquakes reveals that the fast direction is 65 ± 50° and is generally aligned with the NE-CSW-striking faults, and we therefore conclude that crustal anisotropy in Marlborough is controlled more by the geological structures than by the prevailing stress field.
Our Straitlaced Administrators: The Law, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgendered Educational Administrators, and the Assimilationist Imperative

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Drawing upon queer legal theory, historical policy analysis, and social, legal, and educational history, this article explores the legal foundations and maintenance of what I describe as the assimilationist imperative for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered administrators working in public schools.
Double-Layer Optimization and Benefit Analysis of Shared Energy Storage Investment Considering Life-Cycle Carbon Emission

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

As a crucial path to promote the sustainable development of power systems, shared energy storage (SES) is receiving more and more attention. The SES generates carbon emissions during its manufacturing, usage, and recycling process, the neglect of which will introduce a certain extent of errors to the investment of SES, especially in the context of the large-scale integration of renewable energy and dramatic increase in demand for SES capacity. To enhance the accuracy of SES investment, we propose a double-layer optimization model to compute the optimal configuration of a shared energy storage station (SESS) considering its life-cycle carbon emission. First, the service mode, settlement method, profit mechanism, and application scenarios of SESS are introduced. Second, the life-cycle assessment approach is used to calculate the life-cycle carbon emission of SESS, and the uncertainty of supply and demand is considered. Then, a double-layer optimization model that considers the economic operation of multi-microgrid systems and the optimal allocation of SESS is established. The lower-layer model’s Karush–Kuhn–Tucher (KKT) condition is derived to convert the double-layer model into a single-layer one. Finally, a combined heat and power (CHP) three-microgrid system is used to demonstrate the validity of our proposed model, and the economy of SESS investment is analyzed from multiple perspectives. The results show that considering the life-cycle carbon emission of SESS can provide more accurate guidance for investing in and measuring the carbon emission and reduction for SESS.
Deadbeat control system with novel neutral-point balancing scheme for Active Power Filters

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper a deadbeat control system with a novel 3-dimension (3-D) space vector modulation scheme for 3-phase 4-wire tri-level three-leg Active Power Filter (APF) is proposed. To improve the compensation effect a repetitive harmonic predictor is utilized to predict the harmonic current and a state observer is used to estimate the output currents of the APF at the sampling instants in the deadbeat control system. For a 3-phase 4-wire tri-level three-leg APF the direct current (DC) bus neutral-point unbalancing is an inherent problem. To date there has not been an effective method to solve this problem. In this paper, a detailed discussion of neutral-point unbalancing problem is presented and a conception named Neutral-Point Control Grade (NPCG) is proposed for the first time, to describe the affected extent of the neutral-point voltage by the space vectors. Then a neutral-point controllable 3-D space vector modulation scheme, which is based on the NPCGs, is proposed in alpha-beta-0 coordinates. The simulation result verifies the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. A comparison focusing on the neutral-point voltage between the proposed NPCGs based 3-D modulation scheme and another advanced 3-D modulation scheme is also presented in this paper.
“Why Would I Talk To Them About Sex?”: Exploring Patient-Provider Communication Among Black Women Experiencing Sexual Pain

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Ineffective patient-provider communication poses a potential health risk to Black women if medical providers are not addressing their needs or concerns. Additionally, less than half of OBGYNs report asking their patients about sexual difficulties, which limits women’s opportunities to disclose their experiences of sexual pain. The purpose of this qualitative study is to explore Black women’s experiences of patient-provider communication about sexual pain (reoccurring unwanted genital pain). Specifically, we aimed to describe the pathway from sexual pain disclosure to treatment among N = 25 premenopausal Black women living in the southern United States who were experiencing sexual pain. Using constructivist grounded theory, open-ended responses to six interview questions related to healthcare experiences, treatment, and patient-provider communication were qualitatively analyzed and categorized to form a conceptual framework of patient-provider communication about sexual pain. Five key categories emerged related to Black women’s experiences with their medical providers regarding sexual pain: (1) provider preferences, (2) healthcare experiences, (3) reasons for non-disclosure, (4) provider responses to sexual pain, and (5) treatment for sexual pain. Useful strategies to improve patient-provider communication are presented for both patients and providers.
Molecular Insights into the Role of Sterols in Microtuber Development of Potato Solanum tuberosum L.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Potato tubers are reproductive and storage organs, enabling their survival. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms that regulate tuberization is crucial for understanding how potatorespond to environmental stress situations and for potato breeding. Previously, we did a transcriptomic analysis of potato microtuberization without light. This showed that important cellular processes like ribosomal proteins, cell cycle, carbon metabolism, oxidative stress, fatty acids, and phytosterols (PS) biosynthesis were closely connected in a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. Research on PS function during potato tuberization has been scarce. PS plays a critical role in regulating membrane permeability and fluidity, and they are biosynthetic precursors of brassinosteroids (BRs) in plants, which are critical in regulating gene expression, cell division, differentiation, and reproductive biology. Within a PPI network, we found a module of 15 genes involved in the PS biosynthetic process. Darkness, as expected, activated the mevalonate (MVA) pathway. There was a tight interaction between three coding gene products for HMGR3, MVD2, and FPS1, and the gene products that synthetize PS, including CAS1, SMO1, BETAHSD, CPI1, CYP51, FACKEL, HYDRA1, SMT2, SMO2, STE1, and SSR1. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) confirmed the expression analysis of ten specific genes involved in the biosynthesis of PS. This manuscript discusses the potential role of genes involved in PS biosynthesis during microtuber development.
Stromal interaction molecule (STIM1 and STIM2) expressions and its significance in store-operated calcium channel of HT22 cells after hypoxic-ischemic damage

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective To investigate the stromal interaction molecule (STIM1 and STIM2) expressions in store-operated calcium channel (SOCC) of HT22 cells after hypoxic-ischemic damage.Methods HT22 cells were in vitro cultivated; the cells were divided into six groups with 2.5×105 cells for each group:normal group and 1,3,6,12 and 24 h after ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) groups,and IRI was induced by cultivation at sugar-free culture medium and nitrogen tank for 6 h.The mRNA and protein expressions of STIM1 and STIM2 were examined by quantitative real time-PCR and Western blotting,respectively.Fluorescent immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the expressions of STIM1 and STIM2.Results Fluorescence immunochemistry showed that antigens of STIM1 distributed in the cytomembrane,cytoplasm and nucleus of HT22 cells,and STIM2 expressed in nucleus.In the mRNA level,STIM 1 stably expressed in cells from normal control group and IRI groups,without significant differences (P＞0.05); as compared with that normal control group,the STIM2 expression in the IRI groups increased markedly,reaching peak level at 1,6 and 24 h (P＜0.05).Western blotting indicated that STIM1 was a stable expressed protein,without significant differences between each two groups (P＞0.05); and STIM2 is a dynamic expressed protein,showing obvious increased expression with that in 1,3,6 and 12 h ofIRI enjoying significantly differences as compared with that in the normal group (P＜0.05).Conclusion After hypoxic-ischemic neurons damage,both STIM1 and STIM2 express in HT22 cells,but they differ in space and time mode of expression; they maybe play important role in IRI through affecting calcium influx in SOCC.

Key words:
Hypoxic-ischemic damage; Stromal interaction molecule; Store operated calcium channel
Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Polymorphism in Barium Gallate BaGa2O4

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Polymorphism in barium gallate BaGa2O4 was studied using electron diffraction and high resolution electron microscopy. Three modifications of BaGa2O4 with structures closely related to the high-temperature α-form were observed. The phase transitions from γ-BaGa2O4 (a γ = 18.6143(2) Å = 23a α, c γ = 8.6544(1) Å = c α, S.G. P63) to β-BaGa2O4 (a β = 2a α, c β = c α S.G. P63) and to the new δ-polymorph having a monoclinic structure (a δ = c α, b δ = 2a α + b α, c δ = 2b α and β ≈ 92°, S.G. P21/c) were induced by electron beam irradiation. High resolution electron microscopy (HREM) observations allow to establish the close similarity between the structures of δ-BaGa2O4 and β-SrGa2O4. The γ→β and β→δ transitions involve a rearrangement of oxygen atoms in the BaO layers together with a tilting distortion of the tetrahedral framework. The microstructure of the δ-phase is characterised by the presence of numerous translation and orientation domains. Keywords: Barium GallatePolymorphismTemPhase Transition
Stakeholder Perspectives on a Culture of Health: Key Findings

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Since 2013, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) has embarked on a pioneering effort to advance a Culture of Health. The Culture of Health action framework is founded on a vision in which "everyone in our diverse society leads healthier lives now and for generations to come." To put the Culture of Health vision into action, RWJF asked RAND Health to support the development of an action framework and measurement strategy. This article summarizes the stakeholder engagement efforts that RAND used to inform this work. It draws on a series of interviews and focus groups that RAND researchers conducted with stakeholders both within and outside the United States. It should be of interest to RWJF, as well as to those individuals and organizations interested in advancing the Culture of Health action framework. Given that RWJF is focused on using the Culture of Health action framework and measures to catalyze national dialogue about content and investments to improve population health and well-being, the study should be beneficial to a range of national, state, and local leaders across a variety of sectors that contribute to health as described by the Culture of Health action framework.
Automatic three-dimensional sorting system based on internet and database

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Automatic three-dimensional sorting system is the core part of supply chain operation for logistics and warehousing department. It has some difficulty in design. The sorting distance and sorting time optimisation in traditional sorting operation is not enough. Therefore, automatic three-dimensional sorting system based on internet and database is designed. The system uses buffer zone and cargo moving area for cargo delivery through shelf area storage of goods, uses cargo sorting area to distinguish different logistics receiving area and different types of goods. This paper introduces goods sorting process in and out of storage using internet agent to realise sorting control, and designs the control, negotiation and communication principle for internet agent. At the same time SQL Server 2014 development database is selected to establish the required information entity-relation graph and feature table. Experimental results show that the sorting distance and sorting time of the system are short and it can play a great role in sorting operation.
Novel Stimuli are Negative Stimuli: Evidence That Negative Affect is Reduced in the Mere Exposure Effect

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Repeated exposure of a nonreinforced stimulus results in an increased preference for that stimulus, the mere exposure effect. The present study repeatedly presented positive, negative, and neutrally affective faces to 48 participants while they made judgments about the emotional expression. Participants then rated the likeability of novel neutrally expressive faces and some of these previously presented faces, this time in their neutral expression. Faces originally presented as happy were rated as the most likeable, followed by faces originally presented as neutral. Negative and novel faces were not rated significantly differently from each other. These findings support the notion that the increase in preference towards repeatedly presented stimuli is the result of the reduction in negative affect, consistent with the modified two-factor uncertainty-reduction model and classical conditioning model of the mere exposure effect.
Epilepsy: Diagnosis and Management

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In Epilepsy: Diagnosis and Management , editors Thomas R. Browne and Robert G. Feldman, MD, succeed admirably in their purpose, present concise, up-to-date, and clinically oriented reviews of each of the major in the diagnosis and management of epilepsy. In 31 carefully edited chapters, topics are presented by invited authors in a consistent textbook format with helpful tables and figures for review and reference. Standard headings allow quick pinpointing of specific information from chapter to chapter. The initial three chapters review the basic mechanisms and classification of the epilepsies. Complicated neurophysiological concepts are conveyed to the reader in an effective yet succinct manner. Chapters 4 through 10 deal with specific seizure types, and include an important discussion of borderline areas or pseudoseizures and migraines. The next 15 chapters focus on different management strategies including the EEG, antiepileptic drugs, behavioral methods, surgical intervention, nursing, and community resources. The final six
Keratoacanthomas Arising within a Linear Epidermal Nevus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An example of keratoacanthomas arising within a congenital linear epidermal nevus is documented. Previously reported cases indicate that squamous‐cell carcinoma, basal‐cell epithelioma, and keratoacanthoma may develop in linear epidermal nevi. Any recently appearing nodule in a linear epidermal nevus should raise the clinician's index of suspicion for one of these secondary tumors.
Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of antioxidant and photoprotective activities of extracts from flowers ofBromelia laciniosa(Bromeliaceae)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In this study, the phytochemical profile of extracts from the flowers of Bromelia laciniosa was characterized. The total phenolic and flavonoids contents were determined and the antioxidant and photoprotective activities were evaluated using in vitro assays. Phytochemical analysis demonstrated that the extracts were found to be positive for the presence of anthracene derivatives, anthraquinones, coumarins, flavonoids and tannins, lignans, mono and diterpenes. The ethanol extract (Bl-EtOH) presented the most significant total phenolic content (53.75 ± 1.25 mg GAE/g). The dichloromethane extract (Bl-CH2Cl2) showed the highest flavonoid content (46.06 ± 1.18 mg CE/g). The methanol extract (Bl-MeOH) was the most effective extract in the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil) assay (EC50 141.90 ± 3.01 μg/mL). Bl-EtOH and Bl-MeOH showed higher sun protection factor at a concentration of 100 mg/L (3.38 ± 0.04 and 3.78 ± 0.11, respectively). Therefore, the extracts proved to be interesting for the development of new studies aiming their incorporation into photoprotective cosmetic formulations.
Protective Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Nigella sativa Seed in Paracetamol Induced Acute Hepatotoxicity In vivo

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Paracetamol overdose causes serious liver necrosis. Hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa in Paracetamol induced acute hepatotoxicity was investigated in rats. Fasted male Wistar rats were orally treated with Nigella sativa extract in graded doses for 5 days followed by Nigella sativa extract and paracetamol 3 g kg(-1) on 6 and 7th day. Circulatory liver markers and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were estimated and histopathological study of liver performed. Paracetamol caused a significant increase in serum alkaline phosphatase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase and total Bilirubin and a significant decrease in GSH compared to control. Nigella sativa pretreatment significantly prevented the increase in liver enzymes and total bilirubin and decrease in GSH level as compared to paracetamol group. Liver histopathology showed marked reduction in sinusoidal dilatation, midzonal necrosis, portal triaditis and occasional apoptosis in Nigella sativa extract treated groups as compared to group receiving only paracetamol. Nigella sativa extract possesses hepatoprotective action against paracetamol induced acute hepatoxicity. Further research is needed to advocate its prophylactic use for drug induced hepatotoxicity.