jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
PWE-288 Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: prevalence on admission to a tertiary centre and subsequent outcome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a sinister complication of cirrhosis associated with poor survival (approximately 38% at 1 year 1 ). However, a diagnosis of SBP does not represent, in its own right, an indication for liver transplantation in the UK under current listing criteria. Methods We sought to investigate the prevalence and subsequent mortality in patients with an admission diagnosis of SBP. We retrospectively identified 366 consecutive cases admitted with ascites to our liver unit during the calendar year 2009. Of these 271 (74%) patients underwent diagnostic paracentesis at time of admission and were included for further analysis. Results Of the 271 cases, 26 (9.6%) were diagnosed with SBP at admission on the basis of an ascitic fluid white cell count above 250 cells/mm 3 (25 cases). Patients with positive cultures but no white cell response were only included if symptomatic (one case). Alcohol was the underlying aetiology in 17 cases (65.4%) and clinical presentations were as follows: routine paracentesis (14 cases), associated pleural effusion (four cases), variceal haemorrhage (three cases), abdominal pain (two cases), jaundice (two cases), encephalopathy (one case). Ascitic culture on two patients grew gram-negative bacilli, both resistant to quinolones being used for prophylaxis. One ascitic culture grew Lactobacillus spp. and one a mixed growth of Enterococcus faecalis and gram-positive cocci. Three patients (11.5%) died during the index admission. Three patients (11.5%) had successfully undergone liver transplantation and were alive 6 months after admission. Overall mortality at 6 months from an admission diagnosis of SBP was 50%. Conclusion SBP is not uncommon in cirrhotic patients with ascites, can often present silently and is associated with high mortality. Resistance to standard quinolone prophylaxis and isolation of gram-positive bacteria are more recent phenomena in this group of patients. All cirrhotics admitted with significant ascites should undergo diagnostic paracentesis to exclude SBP and assessment for liver transplantation must be an urgent consideration in appropriate candidates. Listing criteria may need to be revised to include SBP as a standard indication. Competing interests None declared. Reference 1. Tito L , et al. Recurrence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis: frequency and predictive factors. Hepatology 1988; 8 :27–31.
Immediate two-stage tissue expander vs single-stage direct-to-implant breast reconstruction: two case reports of identical twins with BRCA 2 mutation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In order to achieve the best aesthetic result after immediate implant-based breast reconstruction, all the advantages and disadvantages of two-stage tissue expander and single-stage direct-to-implant breast reconstruction should be considered. Decision about the type of implant-based reconstruction is based on the consultations outcomes after multidisciplinary team meeting of breast and reconstructive specialist, but patients own wishes should be prioritised.
Semi-analytical approach to short-wavelength dispersion and modal properties of photonic crystal fibers

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We consider photonic crystal fibers made from arbitrary base materials and derive a unified semi-analytical approach for the dispersion and modal properties which applies to the short-wavelength regime. In particular we calculate the dispersion and the effective index and comparing to fully-vectorial plane wave simulations we find excellent agreement. We also calculate asymptotic results for the mode-field diameter and the V-parameter and from the latter we predict that the fibers are endlessly single mode for a normalized air-hole diameter smaller than 0.42, independently of the base material.
Host Races of Meloidogyne javanica, with Preliminary Evidence that the 'Groundnut Race' is Widely Distributed in India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Root-knot disease caused by Meloidogyne spp is the most important nematode disease of groundnut. The causal agents are Meloidogyne arenaria, M. javanica, M. hapla, and M. incognita. Meloidogyne arenaria Race 1 is the most widespread and destructive of the groundnut root-knot nematodes; M. hapla is also important, particularly in North Carolina, Oklahoma, and Virginia (USA), northern China, and Australia. Meloidogyne javanica is not a common pathogen of groundnut. According to differential host tests in North Carolina, M. javanica has only one distinct host race. It reproduces on tobacco, watermelon, and tomato but does not commonly reproduce on cotton, pepper, and groundnut; however, a few populations can reproduce on pepper, and a very few on groundnut (Hart-man and Sasser 1985).
A Unification between Dynamical System Theory and Thermodynamics Involving an Energy, Mass, and Entropy State Space Formalism

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we combine the two universalisms of thermodynamics and dynamical systems theory to develop a dynamical system formalism for classical thermodynamics. Specifically, using a compartmental dynamical system energy flow model involving heat flow, work energy, and chemical reactions, we develop a state-space dynamical system model that captures the key aspects of thermodynamics, including its fundamental laws. In addition, we show that our thermodynamically consistent dynamical system model is globally semistable with system states converging to a state of temperature equipartition. Furthermore, in the presence of chemical reactions, we use the law of mass-action and the notion of chemical potential to show that the dynamic system states converge to a state of temperature equipartition and zero affinity corresponding to a state of chemical equilibrium.
Presence of Streptococcus Mutans Genotype C in Peruvian Children and Adolescents with Caries

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Caries is one of the diseases of infectious nature, chronic transmissible very prevalent in Peru, related to the presence of Streptococcus mutans, hygienic and nutritional habits. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of genotype C in Streptococcus mutans in Peruvian children and adolescents, using the PCR-Multiplex technique; and its association with the prevalence of dental caries. Materials and methods: The study was done with a sample of 78 children and adolescents of both sexes from Lima. The study consisted of two phases, on the first one the stimulated saliva was obtained, for the bacterial culture, the same ones that were grown on Mitis Salivarius agar with bacitracin and sulfisoxasol. On the second phase, genotyping was carried out according to its enzymatic profile. For the extraction of DNA, the Gene Extraction Kit GG-1 Bacterial DNA was used, for which cultures of Streptococcus sp strains were performed in the BHI broth with sucrose at 37ºC for 24 hours. Results: The presence of Streptococcus mutans was evidenced in 59 (75.6%) of 78 saliva samples. The results of the genotyping by PCR Multiplex demonstrate the presence of 22 saliva samples of Streptococcus mutans with genotypes C (37,297%) and 37 samples 62, 71 % without this Genotype. Conclusions: The results showed that the presence of genotype C is not related to sex, age group or the presence of dental caries.
Robust Rate-Adaptive Wireless Communication Using ACK/NAK-Feedback

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

To combat the detrimental effects of the variability in wireless channels, we consider cross-layer rate adaptation based on limited feedback. In particular, based on limited feedback in the form of link-layer acknowledgements (ACK) and negative acknowledgements (NAK), we maximize the physical-layer transmission rate subject to an upper bound on the expected packet error rate. \textr{We take a robust approach in that we do not assume} any particular prior distribution on the channel state. We first analyze the fundamental limitations of such systems and derive an upper bound on the achievable rate for signaling schemes based on uncoded QAM and random Gaussian ensembles. We show that, for channel estimation based on binary ACK/NAK feedback, it may be preferable to use a separate training sequence at high error rates, rather than to exploit low-error-rate data packets themselves. We also develop an adaptive recursive estimator, which is provably asymptotically optimal and asymptotically efficient.
RESPON PERTUMBUHAN SERTA ANATOMI DAUN KENARI (Canarium commune L) DAN AKASIA (Acacia mangium Willd) TERHADAP EMISI GAS KENDARAAN BERMOTOR (Growth and Leaf Anatomy Respons of Canarium (Canarium commune L.) and Acacia (Acacia mangium Willd) Towards Vehicle Emision)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Canarium and Acacia plants are commonly used as urban forest and shade plants on the right-left side of streets. Identifying the effect of air pollution to the growth and microscopic anatomy of the leaves will be beneficial in predicting air quality condition of the location. Result of the research showed that canarium plants exposed to air pollutant emission showed a lower diameter growth and higher stoma density compare to the ones unexposed to pollutant. Acacia plants exposed to air pollutant emission showed smaller amount of diameter growth, height growth, length of upper side stomata, length of lower side stomata, leaves thickness, lower side palisade tissue thickness and sponge tissue thickness compare to the plants unexposed to pollutant. Acacia plant was more sensitive to air pollutant because more tissues experienced disturbance and destruction. Acacia plant might be a bioindicator of air pollution.
Mutations Associated with Resistance-Breaking Isolates of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus and Their Allelic Discrimination Using TaqMan Technology

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Genetic resistance in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) to Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), which causes the disease rhizomania, is conferred by the single dominant gene Rz1. However, since 2002, Rz1 cultivars grown in the Imperial Valley of California have been increasingly damaged by a new strain of BNYVV. Viral RNA 3 was extracted from asymptomatic and symptomatic sugar beets and, after amplification and sequencing of a region including the p25 cistron, two polymorphic sites, A67V and D135E, associated with the capability of the virus to overcome resistance were identified. Using the real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction allelic discrimination technique, TaqMan probes designed to detect the responsible nucleotide substitutions permitted the differentiation between wild type (WT) and resistance-breaking (RB) isolates. This method also allowed easy detection of mixed infections by giving a heterozygous call, which was verified by DNA sequencing of individual clones. The capability of this technology to typify numerous isolates facilitated the analysis of the spatial distribution of virus haplotypes in the field. Thus, RB variants were mostly baited from yellow strips with high incidence of rhizomania, whereas WT variants predominated in the surrounding green areas. Mixed infections were found mainly in green areas and transitional zones. The predominance of the RB isolates in yellow strips suggests that they have gained fitness in Rz1 cultivars and will eventually become the dominant haplotype.
Computer aided surgery and micro machine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Computer aided surgery (CAS) is a new surgical field to realize minimally invasive surgical therapy, using various computer technologies: three dimensional medical images, surgical robots and so on. Three dimensional medical images are the new eyes of a surgeon, and surgical robots are the new hands. In order to realize minimally invasive therapy, it is necessary to develop new surgical devices (needles for percutaneous puncture, manipulators, fine endoscopes and so on) using micro machine technology. The main applications of the CAS system are liver cancer treatment therapy, laparoscopic surgery, endoscopic surgery, the stereotaxic neurosurgery, and corneal microsurgery.
Exploring the conformational space for protein folding with sequential Monte Carlo

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Computational methods for protein structure prediction from amino acid sequence are of vital importance in modern applications, for example protein design in biomedicine. Efficient sampling of conformations according to a given energy function remains a bottleneck, yet is a vital step for energy-based structure prediction methods. While the Protein Data Bank of experimentally determined 3-D protein structures has steadily increased in size, structure predictions for new proteins tend to be unreliable in the amino acid segments where there is low sequence similarity with known structures. In this paper we introduce a new method for building such segments of protein structures, inspired by sequential Monte Carlo methods. We apply our method to examples of real 3-D structure predictions and demonstrate its promise for improving low confidence segments. We also provide applications to the prediction of reconstructed segments in known structures, and to the assessment of energy function accuracy. We find that our method is able to produce conformations that have both low energies and good coverage of the conformational space and hence can be a useful tool for protein design and structure prediction.
"L’enseignement des lettres et le numérique" ; revue "Le français aujourd’hui" du n° 178, direction avec Catherine Becchetti-Bizot, , 2012

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This dossier on "French today" is based on the reflections and contributions developed by teachers, academics, researchers, librarians, writers and pedagogical inspectors gathered during two seminars: "The Metamorphoses of books and reading in the digital age", in November 2010; "Reading, Writing, Publishing in the Digital Age", in November 2011, on the initiative of the Directorate General of School Education and the General Inspectorate, around the question of the future of writing, books and reading. The objective of this issue is to take stock of the transformations resulting from the expansion of digital technology by linking them to questions about new reading and writing practices, about changes in the modes of production and transmission of writing, about the definitions and redefinitions of the text, and even of literature.
NOTES ON (PS.?) BALBUS GROMATICUS PP. 107.10–108.8 ED. LACHMANN

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article subjects the final part of the treatise Expositio et ratio omnium formarum ( Systematic presentation of all figures ), included in the Corpus Agrimensorum Romanorum and commonly ascribed to Balbus, to fresh philological scrutiny (Balbus gromaticus pp. 107.10–108.8 ed. Lachmann). The passage deals with methods of constructing right angles for the purpose of drawing rectangular and rectilinear figures. On the basis of a reconsideration of the preserved textual witnesses and previous scholarship, the passage is critically and interpretatively studied in the form of a running commentary.
The stress-buffering role of social support and personal competence among the rural married

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examines the possible stress-buffering properties of personal competence and social support with regard to depressive symptoms. The hypothesis examined was that individuals lacking both internal and external resources would manifest higher levels of symptoms as a result of increasing number of life events than would individuals possessing such resources. Further, variation by gender was considered. Data on depressive symptoms (CES-D Scale), personal competence, social support, and life events were obtained in a 70-minute interview with randomly selected samples of white married adults (n = 965) from rural counties of Tennessee, Oklahoma, and Ohio. Analyses indicated both the main and buffering effects of personal competence and social support for the total sample. However, these effects varied by sex. While personal competence and life events had consistent main effects for both married males and females–individuals with more stress or lower levels of competence had higher levels of symptoms–effects of social support were more pervasive among the females. Finally, personal competence appeared to have a greater buffering effect than the presence of social support alone. There was also an unanticipated tendency for greater vulnerability to stressors among individuals (particularly males) under conditions of low competence and high support.
Quantitative PET/MR imaging of lung cancer in the presence of artifacts in the MR-based attenuation correction maps

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance (MR) imaging may become increasingly important for assessing tumor therapy response. A prerequisite for quantitative PET/MR imaging is reliable and repeatable MR-based attenuation correction (AC). Purpose To investigate the frequency and test–retest reproducibility of artifacts in MR-AC maps in a lung cancer patient cohort and to study the impact of artifact corrections on PET-based tumor quantification. Material and Methods Twenty-five lung cancer patients underwent single-day, test–retest, 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/MR imaging. The acquired MR-AC maps were inspected for truncation, susceptibility, and tissue inversion artifacts. An anatomy-based bone template and a PET-based estimation of truncated arms were employed, while susceptibility artifacts were corrected manually. We report the frequencies of artifacts and the relative difference (RD) on standardized uptake value (SUV) based quantification in PET images reconstructed with the corrected AC maps. Results Truncation artifacts were found in all 50 acquisitions (100%), while susceptibility and tissue inversion artifacts were observed in six (12%) and 26 (52%) of the scans, respectively. The RD in lung tumor SUV was < 5% from bone and truncation corrections, while up to 20% RD was introduced after susceptibility artifact correction, with large inconsistencies between test–retest scans. Conclusion The absence of bone and truncation artifacts have limited effect on the PET quantification of lung lesions. In contrast, susceptibility artifacts caused significant and inconsistent underestimations of the lung tumor SUVs, between test–retest scans. This may have clinical implications for patients undergoing serial imaging for tumor therapy response assessment.
Establishing Interrater Agreement for the Occupation-Based Coaching Fidelity Measure

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Date Presented 04/13/21 The purpose of this study was to establish interrater reliability between two blinded evaluators for a novel occupation-based coaching intervention. A high level of initial interrater agreement for the Occupation-Based Coaching Fidelity Measure (Shin et al., 2020) was established through extensive structured evaluator training, including open discussion, video analysis, and a clearly defined rubric. This poster discusses methods to support researchers in establishing interrater reliability. Primary Author and Speaker: Kathryn Carlson Additional Authors and Speakers: Paula Jarrard
Development of Moon Jellyfish Removal ROV System and Its Sea Trial

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Jellyfish removal work is necessary to human enterprise such as tourism, fishing, aquaculture and power plants. Generally, Jellyfish removal work is performed by maritime workers, however this method is required a lot of cost such as financial cost, time, and manpower. Furthermore, the number of fishery workers in Japan has been declining in recent years due to the decreasing birthrate and aging population. Therefore, low-cost jellyfish removal work is required. In this paper, I introduce a method for jellyfish removal work and developed ROV for this work, then I report on sea trial, which is conducted at Tashima, Seto Inland Sea, Japan.
Teleology and mechanism: a dialectical approach

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The paper proposes a dialectical approach to our understanding of the relation between teleology and mechanism. This approach is dialectical both in form and content. In form , it proposes a contemporary interpretation of Hegel’s metaphysical account of teleology. This account is grounded in a dialectical methodology, which consists in scrutinizing the inherent limitations of a theoretical position that lead it to suppress itself and evolve into a better one. I apply the same methodology to the function debate. For Hegel, teleology can be understood in three main variants, which can be fruitfully mapped onto the three main positions in the function debate, the key conceptual distinction being whether teleological principles are understood as extrinsic or intrinsic. When it comes to autonomous systems, i.e. systems that embody the regime of Geist , extrinsic functionality must be grounded in intrinsic functionality. My approach is dialectical also in content , insofar as it concludes that intrinsic functional ascriptions rely on the relation of co-determination between the parts and the whole of a system, as well as between the system and its environment.
Micropenis and penile dysmorphobia: diagnosis, management, outcomes, and future developments in the field

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Micropenis is a congenital or acquired condition where the stretched penile length is less than 7.5 cm in adult males. Congenital causes are commonly due to a dysfunctional hypothalmic-pituitary-gonadal axis and may be treated with medical drugs. Acquired causes include: surgery, malignancy, trauma, infection and burns or due to a primary pathologies such as Peyronie's disease, lichen sclerosis and buried penis. Surgical approaches to treatment include lengthening procedures, girth enhancement and total phalloplasty with or withouta prosthesis. Future developments in this field include possibilities for penile transplantation and tissue engineering techniques. Penile dysmorphobia is a condition in which men have a persistent preoccupation with the physical appearance of their penis believing that the appearance and size of their penis is abnormal or inadequate, despite normal anatomy and size. Treatment revolves around psychological therapies as surgery rarely resolves the problem.
Tapanuli Orangutan Feeding (Pongo tapanuliensis) In Sitandiang Hamlet, Bulu Mario Village, Sipirok District, South Tapanuli

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis) is an endemic orangutan species found exclusively in the Batang Toru forest ecosystem, North Sumatra. Studying their natural diet is crucial to supporting conservation efforts for this critically endangered species. This research was conducted in Sitandiang Hamlet, Bulu Mario Village, Sipirok Sub-district, South Tapanuli Regency, with the aim of inventorying the types of food consumed by tapanuli orangutan and analyzing their feeding patterns in their natural habitat. The methods used included field surveys, interviews with local communities, and documentation. The findings revealed that tapanuli orangutan utilize a variety of plant resources, such as fruits, leaves, flowers, and tree bark. Their feeding patterns show a reliance on the availability of seasonal fruits, with an adaptation to consuming vegetative plant parts during off-fruit seasons. Local community knowledge about orangutan food sources also plays an important role in preserving their habitat. This study provides insights into ecosystem-based conservation management and emphasizes the importance of strengthening collaboration with local communities to support the sustainability of tapanuli orangutan populations in this region.