jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
How Does Pre-Service Teachers’ Self-Efficacy Relate to the Fulfilment of Basic Psychological Needs During Teaching Practicum?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study was to investigate environmental conditions in teaching practicums that support the development of pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs. Motivational orientations such as self-efficacy beliefs and enthusiasm are crucial aspects of professional teacher competence and thus should be fostered right from the beginning of teacher training. Against the backdrop of self-determination theory, which is connected to intrinsic motivation, we examined effects from the fulfilment of basic psychological needs (needs for competence, autonomy and relatedness) during teaching practicums on changes in levels of perceived self-efficacy. A total of 103 German pre-service teachers enrolled in a Bachelor’s or Master’s Degree Program participated in this study at two times of measurement. The results reveal that the fulfilment of basic psychological needs and especially a sense of relatedness contributed positively to gains in self-efficacy. The findings are discussed with regard to the design of practicums in teacher training.
ICD-10 Classification in the Practice of Emergency Medical Teams: New Insights

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The role of the emergency medical system is to provide assistance to every person in a state in the event of a sudden threat to health and life. Emergency medical teams (EMTs) are an important element of this system, making diagnoses based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). The study was aimed at analysing the causes of EMT intervention based on groups of diagnoses codified according to the ICD-10. The analysis was based on data from 116,278 EMT interventions in central-eastern Poland in 2017-2019. The research showed that EMT most often made diagnoses based on groups of ICD-10 codes: R00-R99-Symptoms, signs, and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified (39.11%); S00-T98-Injury, poisoning, and certain other consequences of external causes (18.23%); and I00-I99-Diseases of the circulatory system (15.57%). The analysis of the obtained results showed statistically significant differences ( p<0.0001 ) regarding the area of intervention (urban, rural), sex, age of the patient, and the method of completion of the activities by EMTs in relation to the group of ICD-10 diagnoses for the diagnosis. The conducted study showed the actual reasons for EMT calls. The use of the ICD-10 classification has practical application in EMTs, as it enables the identification of a disease or health problem.
Epidemiological determinants of occupational exposure to HIV, HBV and HCV in health care workers

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Health care workers (HCWs) are at substantial risk of acquiring bloodborne pathogen infections through contact with blood and other potentially infectious materials. The main objectives of this study were to determine the epidemiological characteristics of occupational exposure to blood/body fluids, related risk factors of such exposure, and hepatitis B vaccination status among HCWs."nMethods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2004 to June 2005 at three university hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Using a structured interview, we questioned HCWs who had the potential for high-risk exposure during the year preceding the study."nResults: With a total number of 467 exposures (52.9%) and an annual rate of 0.5 exposures per HCW, 391 (43%) of the 900 HCWs had at least one occupational exposure to blood and other infected fluids during the previous year. The highest rate of occupational exposure was found among nurses (26%) and the housekeeping staff (20%). These exposures most commonly occurred in the medical and emergency wards (23% and 21%, respectively). The rate of exposure in HCWs with less than five years of experience was 54%. Percutaneous injury was reported in 280 participants (59%). The history of hepatitis B vaccination was positive in 85.93% of the exposed HCWs. Sixty-one percent had used gloves at the time of exposure. Hand washing was reported in 91.4% and consultation with an infectious disease specialist in 29.4%. There were 72 exposures to HIV, HBV and HCV; exposure to HBV was the most common. In 237 of the enrolled cases, the source was unknown. Job type, years of experience and hospital ward were the risk factors for exposure."nConclusion: Education, protective barriers and vaccination are important in the prevention of viral transmission among HCWs.
Polarized injection laser development. Final report, 1 Apr 1972--31 Mar 1973

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The successful development of room-temperature arrays of injection lasers with high polarization and studies of the fundamental causes of polarization are described. Three types of multi-heterojunction wafers producing strong polarization are described. Arrays from the wafers have polarization ratios ranging from 90 to 98%. The profiles in the junction plane are nominally 20/sup 0/, while in the transverse plane they depend on the internal structure and range from 30 to 80/sup 0/. A reflecting layer added to the reverse facet increased the differential efficiency of the forward beam without spoiling the polarization. Data on the device properties are presented for system analysis. (GRA)
Decision letter for "Microvascular injuries, secondary edema, and inconsistencies in lung vascularization between affected and nonaffected pulmonary segments of non-critically ill hospitalized COVID-19 patients presenting with clinical deterioration"

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: We aimed to better understand the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in non-critically ill hospitalized patients secondarily presenting with clinical deterioration and increase in oxygen requirement without any identified worsening factors. Methods: We consecutively enrolled patients without clinical or biological evidence for superinfection, without left ventricular dysfunction and for whom a pulmonary embolism was discarded by computed tomography (CT) pulmonary angiography. We investigated lung ventilation and perfusion (LVP) by LVP scintigraphy, and, 24 h later, left and right ventricular function by Tc-99m-labeled albumin-gated blood-pool scintigraphy with late (60 mn) tomographic albumin images on the lungs to evaluate lung albumin retention that could indicate microvascular injuries with secondary edema. Results: We included 20 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. All had CT evidence of organizing pneumonia and normal left ventricular ejection fraction. No patient demonstrated preserved ventilation with perfusion defect (mismatch), which may discard a distal lung thrombosis. Patterns of ventilation and perfusion were heterogeneous in seven patients (35%) with healthy lung segments presenting a relative paradoxical hypoperfusion and hypoventilation compared with segments with organizing pneumonia presenting a relative enhancement in perfusion and preserved ventilation. Lung albumin retention in area of organizing pneumonia was observed in 12 patients (60%), indicating microvascular injuries, increase in vessel permeability, and secondary edema. Conclusion: In hospitalized non-critically ill patients without evidence of superinfection, pulmonary embolism, or cardiac dysfunction, various types of damage may contribute to clinical deterioration including microvascular injuries and secondary edema, inconsistencies in lung segments vascularization suggesting a dysregulation of the balance in perfusion between segments affected by COVID-19 and others. Summary Statement Microvascular injuries and dysregulation of the balance in perfusion between segments affected by COVID-19 and others are present in non-critically ill patients without other known aggravating factors. Key Results In non-critically ill patients without evidence of superinfection, pulmonary embolism, macroscopic distal thrombosis or cardiac dysfunction, various types of damage may contribute to clinical deterioration including 1/ microvascular injuries and secondary edema, 2/ inconsistencies in lung segments vascularization with hypervascularization of consolidated segments contrasting with hypoperfusion of not affected segments, suggesting a dysregulation of the balance in perfusion between segments affected by COVID-19 and others.
Ten new microsatellite loci for the yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella) and their cross‐species applicability among related taxa

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract We describe isolation and characterization of the first microsatellite loci specifically developed for a very common European passerine bird, the yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella . Nine out of our 10 loci are polymorphic within the species E. citrinella. Number of alleles ranged from two to 21 per locus and observed heterozygosity between 0.20 and 0.91. Four primer pairs also yielded reproducible results in other species of Emberizidae. These loci comprise a set of molecular markers for various applications, from moderately polymorphic loci suitable for population studies to highly polymorphic loci for pedigree analysis in Emberizidae.
“The Imagined Presidency”: Political Communication as “Narrative” and “Performance” – A Case Study of Barack Obama’s 2008 Presidential Campaign

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Many communication scholars agree that political communication in the 21st century has permanently changed due to the enormous shifts in mass media communications landscape. Today, political culture and public debate are characterized by a highly individualistic and consumption-oriented electorate conditioned by a hypermedialized public sphere spawned by the so-called “Digital Revolution”. Confronted with a fluid and volatile communications landscape, political actors of the 21st century have had to develop new strategies to fulfill their functional role in the public arena and satisfy their audiences’ expectations. This has had massive impact on the communication logistics of perhaps the world’s most powerful political office and the ultimate of collective meaning-making and national identity in the United States: that of the American Presidency. The perception of Barack Obama’s 2008 election campaign as epitomizing such shifts in the collective meaning-making processes lies at the core of this research project. The analyzes Barack Obama’s 2008 presidential election campaign with respect to its underlying communicational and performative concept(s), and its impact on the socio-ontological dimension of the office of the American Presidency in the 21st century. While storytelling and performative staging have always been crucial to the American presidential office (Cornog 2004; Woodward 2007, Weiss 2008), this research project aims to show how “telling a story” and staging it properly have become the sine qua non for American presidential political communication. This case study of Barack Obama’s 2008 presidential election campaign examines the central role that imaginative processes, their narrative formation and performative staging play in 21st century political dialog. Furthermore the dissertation suggests, that these paradigmatic shifts demand a refinement of existing socio-political concepts of the institution of the American Presidency.
Automation in Clinical Chemistry with Special Reference to the Autoanalyzer

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Several chemical laboratories in hospitals have reported workloads which have been increasing by approximately 15% per annum-that is, doubling every five years-and the trends of the published figures indicate that chemical tests will continue to be required on an increasing scale for a number of years (Wootton, 1962; Eaton and Lathe, 1963; Whitby, 1963).As Wootton (1962) has pointed out, increases in workload can be met by hospital chemical laboratories in a limited number of ways.These are: (1) increases in staff establishment, (2) improvements in the existing manual techniques, (3) use of semi-automatic and automatic equipment, and (4) various combinations of 1, 2, and 3.Oakley (1964) drew attention to the shortage of trained medical laboratory technicians, and the correspondence which followed publication of his article noted especially the grave shortage of trained technicians in hospital chemical laboratories.It would be difficult, therefore, to handle increasing workloads solely by increasing staff establishments, even if space were available, since trained technicians would have to spend progres- sively larger parts of their time supervising the performance of more junior members of staff, to the detriment of their other duties.Considerable increases in efficiency, measured in terms of the number of tests performed daily by each technician, can be achieved by widespread adoption of work-simplification procedures.These include improved administrative arrange- ments within the laboratory-for example, for the processing and distribution of specimens prior to analysis-as well as the introduction, where appropriate, of auto-zero pipettes, auto- matic pipettes and burettes, mechanical shakers, flow-cell calorimeters, etc.These applications of work-simplification all constitute a form of automation.An alternative to work-simplification has been provided by automatic methods, in which some process which was formerly performed by hand is taken over by a machine.Mechanical devices can assist at various stages in analytical procedures- for example, in the manipulations required for chemical reactions to proceed, in the measurement of the intensity of a colour, or in the calculation and presentation of results.One or more of these stages can be performed automatically or semi- automatically, and the degree to which mechanical aids are used in any one laboratory technique determines whether the process can be described as fully or partially automated.Few clinical chemistry laboratories at present make use of fully automated procedures, but many use mechanical devices to achieve partial automation.In this connexion the most important single piece of apparatus which has been introduced in recent years has been the AutoAnalyzer (Skeggs, 1957).The applications of this
Discourse appropriation and category boundary work: casual teachers in the market

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

With the increasing casualisation of the teacher labour force, there is little written on the experiences of casual teachers and the challenges they face in brokering professional identities within constantly shifting and uncertain work contexts. Being a category bound casual teacher (a product of category boundary work) is a complex subject position. The aim of this article is to advance our understandings of the identity work inherent in casual relief teachers (CRTs) performativity. Anti-essentialist theories support this exploration of CRT subjectivities and processes of discourse appropriation. Using collective biography methodology as re-storied memory work, this article speaks back to neoliberal politics of casualisation. The stories draw attention to how both experienced practitioners and newly graduated teachers might 'do' category boundary work within the complexity of school politics as they navigate the uncertainty of gaining and maintaining employment in the Education market.
[Acute cholecystitis--a rare complication in intensive care patients?].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

From 1989 to 1995, 25 ICU-patients underwent cholecystectomy for acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC). Preoperative diagnosis remains difficult and ultrasound imaging proved to be the most valid instrument for early diagnosis. Predisposing factors like duration of respiratory failure, extent of surgery, amount of blood loss and mode of analgesia were analyzed. Undelayed surgical treatment was important to avoid further complications such as gangrene or perforation of the gall bladder.
The Resource-Based Relative Value Scale-Reply

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In Reply. —

In response to Dr Wilkinson, the Resource-Based Relative Value Scale (RBRVS) is not a set of prices but relative values that physicians and payers can use as an objective base for examining prices or establishing reimbursement. We agree that the competency of individual physicians is of great importance, but we believe that methods for measuring differences in quality of care are not sufficiently developed for incorporation into relative values at the present time. The underlying premise of the study, that prices in a well-functioning market approach resource costs, deals with inputs. Drs Wilkinson and Poterack each address the issue of outcomes, one from the vantage point of a neurosurgeon and the other apparently from that of a pediatrician. We have endeavored to make our view of issue of health outcomes very clear, addressing it in the section on "Scope and Limitations" in our overview article.1We
Side effects of 1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride in children and adolescents attended at Centro Universitário FMABC

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: It is known that vision disorders are within the context of public health problems. In childhood, during the neuropsychomotor development phase, visual changes are crucial, since there is a strong correlation between poor school performance and changes in acuity. For these reasons, ophthalmological examination in children, including refraction, is extremely important, aiming at the early diagnosis of diseases and possible refractive errors that may compromise the child's life and development. 1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride eye drops are the most used during ophthalmic clinical evaluation as a cycloplegic and mydriatic agent to assist in refractive examination. Objective: The ocular and systemic side effects of 1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride eye drops were studied in patients who underwent static refractive examination in the strabismus sector of the Ophthalmology Discipline of the Centro Universitário FMABC. Methods: A drop of 1% cyclopentolate is instilled in both eyes of each patient and the possible ocular and systemic signs and symptoms presented were observed after 40 minutes and 24 hours after instillation. Results: we expect to find ocular side effects more evident than systemic symptoms in the two evaluation times (40 minutes and 24 hours after instillation). All symptoms (ocular and systemic) are reversed spontaneously. Conclusion: The present study aims to show that the side effects observed by the topical (ocular) use of cyclopentolate eye drops 1% are few and present spontaneous reversal both from an eye point of view, as well as from a systemic point of view.
[Kingella kingae septicemia in a patient with coxsackievirus infection].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Kingella kingae is a gram-negative cocci present in the oral flora ; this organism is difficult to isolate by conventional culture techniques ; it can be detected after longer incubation period (more than 6 days) in blood culture. It is responsible of various infectious diseases, especially in children below 3 years-old where it is a cause of arthritis and osteomyeli tis. It is included in HACEK organisms responsible of 2 to 3 % of all cases of native endocarditis. The case report is the case of a young women with Kingella kingae septicemia in a context of oral lesions from Coxsackie virus infection ; treatment by ciprofloxacine permit a complete resolution of symptoms. Differential diagnosis is made about conditions with oral lesions. This article is an occasion to review literature about this unusual organism and clinical presentation. Improvements in laboratory method will in the future increase incidence and prevalence of infections caused by Kingella kingae.
Design and Modeling of an Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Consequent Pole Machine

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Using a consequent pole structure has been common in radial flux machines, and no axial flux machine with a consequent pole structure has been produced so far. This article aims to design an example of an axial flux generator with a simple structure that will reduce magnet consumption, cogging torque, and manufacturing cost without changing the nominal specifications. The proposed generator has a double-sided structure with a sector coil and poles. N identical poles (with only N sequence and iron poles between them) are installed on the rotor and the stator is placed between the rotors. The stator consists of coils that are wrapped concentrically around the teeth. The three-dimensional finite-element numerical methods have been used to evaluate the proposed generator's characteristics. The simulation results of the proposed generator show that the intended goals have been well achieved.
Loss of CXCR4 on non-classical monocytes in participants of the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) with subclinical atherosclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aims To test whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and subclinical cardiovascular disease (sCVD) are associated with expression of CXCR4 and other surface markers on classical, intermediate, and non-classical monocytes in women. Methods and results sCVD was defined as presence of atherosclerotic lesions in the carotid artery in 92 participants of the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Participants were stratified into four sets (n = 23 each) by HIV and sCVD status (HIV−/sCVD−, HIV−/sCVD+, HIV+/sCVD−, and HIV+/sCVD+) matched by age, race/ethnicity, and smoking status. Three subsets of monocytes were determined from archived peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Flow cytometry was used to count and phenotype surface markers. We tested for differences by HIV and sCVD status accounting for multiple comparisons. We found no differences in monocyte subset size among the four groups. Expression of seven surface markers differed significantly across the three monocyte subsets. CXCR4 expression [median fluorescence intensity (MFI)] in non-classical monocytes was highest among HIV−/CVD− [628, interquartile range (IQR) (295–1389)], followed by HIV+/CVD− [486, IQR (248–699)], HIV−/CVD+ (398, IQR (89–901)), and lowest in HIV+/CVD+ women [226, IQR (73–519)), P = 0.006 in ANOVA. After accounting for multiple comparison (Tukey) the difference between HIV−/CVD− vs. HIV+/CVD+ remained significant with P = 0.005 (HIV−/CVD− vs. HIV+/CVD− P = 0.04, HIV−/CVD− vs. HIV−/CVD+ P = 0.06, HIV+/CVD+ vs. HIV+/CVD− P = 0.88, HIV+/CVD+ vs. HIV−/CVD+ P = 0.81, HIV+/CVD− vs. HIV−/CVD+, P = 0.99). All pairwise comparisons with HIV−/CVD− were individually significant (P = 0.050 vs. HIV−/CVD+, P = 0.028 vs. HIV+/CVD−, P = 0.009 vs. HIV+/CVD+). CXCR4 expression on non-classical monocytes was significantly higher in CVD− (501.5, IQR (249.5–887.3)) vs. CVD+ (297, IQR (81.75–626.8) individuals (P = 0.028, n = 46 per group). CXCR4 expression on non-classical monocytes significantly correlated with cardiovascular and HIV−related risk factors including systolic blood pressure, platelet and T cell counts along with duration of antiretroviral therapy (P < 0.05). In regression analyses, adjusted for education level, study site, and injection drug use, presence of HIV infection and sCVD remained significantly associated with lower CXCR4 expression on non-classical monocytes (P = 0.003), but did not differ in classical or intermediate monocytes. Conclusion CXCR4 expression in non-classical monocytes was significantly lower among women with both HIV infection and sCVD, suggesting a potential atheroprotective role of CXCR4 in non-classical monocytes.