jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Acetylcholine release from the feline thalamus

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Acetylcholine release from the feline thalamus Get access J W Phillis, J W Phillis Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia 3168 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A K Tebëcis, A K Tebëcis Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia 3168 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D H York D H York Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia 3168 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Volume 20, Issue 6, June 1968, Pages 476–478, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1968.tb09786.x Published: 12 April 2011 Article history Received: 27 March 1968 Published: 12 April 2011
Evaluation of antioxidant properties in pickled lime and watermelon peels during storage / Zamlizawati Mohd Zain

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Lime and watermelon peel were analyzed for antioxidant activity measured in ethanol extract. Total Phenolic Content used the Gallic acid as the standard, Total Flavanoid Content that used quercetin as standard, 1,1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl used the Ascorbic Acid as the standard and Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma used the Trolox as the standard which method were used for determining antioxidant properties. The procedure gave results of single pickle where lime peel gave higher antioxidant compared to the watermelon peel. While, storage pickle gave result of decreasing antioxidant activity, where weekl > week2 > week3. Then the result of mixed pickled (cooked and fresh pickle), results that the cooked have higher antioxidant activity. Results from formulation, (80 LP: 20 WR >60 LP: 40 WR > 30 LP: 70 WR) showing that the first formulation (80LP: 20WR) have higher antioxidant activity.
Carbon isotopic fractionation in Fischer‐Tropsch‐type reactions and relevance to meteorite organics

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract— Fischer‐Tropsch‐type (FTT) reactions have been hypothesized to contribute to the formation of organic compounds in the early solar system, but it has been difficult to identify a signature of such reactions in meteoritic organics. The work reported here examined whether temperature‐dependent carbon isotopic fractionation of FTT reactions might provide such a signature. Analyses of bulk organic deposits resulting from FTT experiments show a slight trend toward lighter carbon isotopic ratios with increasing temperature. It is unlikely, however, that these carbon isotopic signatures could provide definitive provenance for organic compounds in solar system materials produced through FTT reactions, because of the small scale of the observed fractionations and the possibility that signatures from many different temperatures may be present in any specific grain.
The political model of Solon: the exercise of Dike and the demos' participation in the politeia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The meaning and the purposes of Solon's reforms have been broadly disputed by contemporary authors, mainly regarding to his conception and application of justice. In this article we analyse the coincidence between which is known about his reforms in later sources and his direct testimony in his poems. The political and judicial reforms of Solon (both, politics and justice, are strongly associated at that time), reveal two main innovations which contribute to open the path towards the democracy of the Vth Century B.C. One of these innovations is the integration of the demos without land (the thetes) in the citizenship (with political and, over all, judicial active rights); the other measure is the possibility for the demos, as a mechanism of judicial and political control of the aristocratic activity, to participate actively in the political and judicial decision making (in a restricted way), which increase the auto conscience and autonomy of this demos through the VIth Century.
Access and Exposure to Local News Media in the Digital Era: Evidence from U.S. Media Markets

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Using a new comprehensive survey of adults in large U.S. media markets we show that minority and low-skill individuals, who are heavily exposed to shocks to the local economy, typically have stronger preferences for and stronger ex-posure to local news than high-skill and white individuals.At the same time, these disadvantaged individuals have been negatively affected by the impact of the digital revolution on news provision.In particular, high-skill and white individuals have more rapidly embraced online and social media while low-skill and minority individuals still heavily rely on local television and other traditional news providers.These differences in provider choices are important because the digital revolution has reduced the quality of traditional news providers while the quality and quantity of online and social media have substantially in-creased.To gain additional insights into the welfare consequence of the digital revolution and assess potential policy interventions, we develop and estimate a model of news production and demand for local news.Our model is based on a time-allocation, discrete bundle-choice framework.Our findings suggest that the loss of the local newspaper (television) reduces welfare on average by $923 ($1064) which is well above the annual subscription costs in most markets.Finally, we study policies that subsidize online or social media to offset the loss of the local newspaper or television station.
Real-Time 3D Avatars for Tele-rehabilitation in Virtual Reality

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract. We present work in progress on a tele-immersion system for telerehabilitation using real-time stereo vision and virtual environments. Stereo reconstruction is used to capture user’s 3D avatar in real time and project it into a shared virtual environment, enabling a patient and therapist to interact remotely. Captured data can also be used to analyze the movement and provide feedback to the patient as we present in a preliminary study of stepping-in-place task. Such tele-presence system could in the future allow patients to interact remotely with remote physical therapist and virtual environment while objectively tracking their performance.
Characterization of the Cholecystokinin and Gastrin Genes from the Bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana: Evolutionary Conservation of Primary and Secondary Sites of Gene Expression

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK) genes, and the complementary DNAs they encode, have been isolated and sequenced from the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. The CCK gene promoter region possess the same four well characterized transcriptional control elements as the human CCK gene, namely an E-box, AP-1 binding site, Sp1 site, and TATA box. In contrast, no obvious regulatory motifs are conserved in the gastrin gene. Alignment of the bullfrog preprohormone sequences with other members of the CCK/gastrin peptide family showed that preproCCK has been conserved to a greater degree during evolution than preprogastrin. In mammalian species, gastrin gene expression is typically associated with the antrum, and CCK with the small intestine and brain. However numerous secondary sites of CCK/gastrin gene expression have also been found. RT-PCR showed a high degree of conservation of both primary and secondary sites of CCK/gastrin production between mammals and the bullfrog, with gastrin messenger RNA being detected in the antrum, duodenum, colon, pancreas, brain, and testes, whereas CCK mRNA was observed in the brain, lung, testes, and throughout the length of the small intestine. In situ hybridization using radiolabeled gene specific antisense oligonucleotides uncovered CCK and gastrin messenger RNA in distinct areas of the bullfrog central nervous system and pituitary gland. Notably, the gastrin gene was expressed in the pituitary gland and hypothalamus of the bullfrog, as previously seen in mammals. This highly preserved tissue expression pattern suggests that gastrin plays specific roles in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland that are distinct from those of CCK. Our findings show that in spite of the structural resemblance, bullfrog CCK and gastrin constitute independent neuroendocrine peptide systems.
Transit Orientation Reduces Car Dependency

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Urban dwellers emit less greenhouse gases per capita than their suburban or rural counterparts because urban environments are conducive to less automobile travel and require less energy to heat or cool their smaller urban living quarters. This article addresses the need for a more comprehensive transit oriented land use paradigm by taking the reader through a step-by-step approach to accomplishing this goal. The suggested model exemplifies the complexity of amending community planning and the importance of incorporating several different groups of people into the planning process. These groups include municipal, state, and federal governments, research groups, developers, and regional transportation agencies.
Customer complaints handling system: Key issues and concerns

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper reports a critical examination of the customer complaints handling system in a flavourings manufacturer. The findings revealed that the customer complaints, termed areas of concern (AOCs), were not of a recurring nature but due to the recurrence of root causes, namely manpower and method-related problems. These were due to inadequacies in the AOC handling system (i.e. poor categorization, lack of preventive action follow-up and inadequate AOC data analysis) and company environment (i.e. lack of employee motivation, inadequate education and training, poor communication and ineffective internal customer-supplier relationships). It was also found that a substantial number of AOCs arose due to problems at the latter end of the company's internal customer-supplier chain. This was partly due to the susceptibility of the associated areas to potential errors and also as a consequence of their relative proximity to the external customers. This emphasized the importance of the internal AOC system and its use as a preventive mechanism to eliminate the occurrence of external AOCs.
LESSONS LEARNED FROM A FIVE-YEAR STUDY ON PREVENTING SELF-NEGLECT AMONG AT-RISK HEALTH CARE PATIENTS IN TEXAS

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract This presentation focuses on lessons learned from a study on preventing self-neglect among healthcare patients that is currently featured as a Success on the Administration for Community Living’s Elder Justice webpage. Collaborators included researchers, a large healthcare system, and Adult Protective Services. We focused on preventing self-neglect by identifying older and disabled patients from 19 primary care clinics with risk factors for self-neglect such as depression and dementia. Clinics were randomized to intervention (patients received 4-months of case management) and control (usual care) conditions, and 477 randomly selected patients participated. The sample was predominantly Hispanic (68%) and low income (&lt; $1,361). The lessons learned have important implications for practice, policy, and future research. For example, language mattered when recruiting study participants and the term ‘self-neglect’ needed to be softened. Despite paying $25-$35 for an interview, the response rate was approximately 30%, leading to timeline delays. Intervention group patients (285) who were interviewed at home had higher response rates than control patients (192) interviewed at the clinic/other settings. Thus, conducting home assessments for self-neglect and offering case management to at-risk patients was feasible. In general, at-risk patients were not self-neglecting but had a variety of needs (823 total needs) such as food insecurity and home modifications and needed service referrals (total 1,226 referrals). Needs were met 65% of the time. Barriers to service utilization included refusals. Discussion will focus on how the lessons learned can help research-practice collaborations prevent self-neglect among low-income, minority populations and prepare for challenges in the field.
Partial volume correction using an energy multiresolution analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Position Emission Tomography (PET) allows the in-vivo monitoring of functional processes in the body. However its limited spatial resolution induces Partial Volume Effect (PVE), which leads to a loss of signal in tissues of size similar to the Point Spread Function (PSF) of the imaging device and induces activity spillover between adjacent structures with different amounts of activity. The aim of Mutual Multiresolulion Approach (MMA) is to introduce the high frequency information of an anatomical image into the functional image in order to achieve a higher resolution PET and to decrease PVE. Nevertheless, the anatomical details (high frequency MRI wavelet coefficients) can not be directly replaced into the functional image since they do not have the same spatial resolution neither the same wavelet coefficient intensities. Thus the process relies on a wavelet-based image merging, and aims at detecting, modifying and incorporating high resolution details of the MRI into the PET. In this work a Partial Volume Correction (PVC) algorithm was implemented based on the decomposition of two co-registered PET and MR images using a three-dimensional Discrete Wavelet Transform (3D DWT) and on both wavelet coefficient energies. To validate the performance of the proposed PVC design, regarding the quantitative measurements, the NEMA Image Quality phantom was used. Finaly, in order to demonstrate the use of the algorithm in clinical context, the technique was also applied to a 18 F-FDG study of a patient with severe leukariosis, having already a T-1 weighted 3D MRI scan. The quantitative results demonstrate that the combination of MMA and the energy image analysis leads to a significant recovery of lost intensity induced by PVE. Results from this work are encouraging, however it presents its own limitations since it introduces an artifact in the final corrected functional image.
High-frequency electron beam modulation, transportation and its interaction with slow-wave structure

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present new experimental results of the generation of a high-frequency modulated electron beam in a diode with a ferroelectric plasma cathode. The energy of electrons in the modulated beam is significantly higher than that obtained in previous experiments, reaching 150 keV. The maximum amplitude of the modulated beam current reaches 65 A, which corresponds to a beam power of 4.5 MW. Efficient transport of the modulated electron beam in a guiding external magnetic field without distortion of its waveform is demonstrated. In addition, it was shown that the modulated beam could be efficiently transported through a slow wave structure without the application of the external magnetic field.
Heritability and Variability in Ribosomal RNA Genes of Vicia faba

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT We have compared the restriction patterns and copy numbers of ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) between and within individuals of Vicia faba. While the Eco RI blot-hybridization patterns changed only after one to two generations, copy number changes were found among different tissues of the same plant. Copy number differences among individuals in the population were as great as 95-fold, whereas as much as a 12-fold variation was seen among tissues of the same plant. Among individual F1 progeny from genetic crosses, nearly an 8-fold variation was seen, and among individuals of the F2 generation a spread of 22-fold was measured. Among individual siblings of self-pollinated parents, up to 7-fold variation was observed. However, changes in copy number did not necessarily indicate changes in rDNA Eco RI blot-hybridization pattern, and vice versa. Furthermore, nearest neighbor analysis of R-loop experiments showed that the arrangement of members of the "nontranscribed" spacer (NTS) size classes along the chromosome was not random, but some clustering was indicated. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that sister chromatid exchange in somatic cells of V. faba is the primary mechanism for altering the rDNA copy number as well as causing the extreme variation observed in the NTS. Variation among individuals in rDNA blot-hybridization pattern was also observed for Vicia villosa, Vicia dasycarpa, Vicia benghalensis and Vicia pannonica.
Spinal Fusion for Scoliosis in Rett Syndrome With an Emphasis on Respiratory Failure and Opioid Usage

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our objective was to characterize our experience with 8 patients with Rett syndrome undergoing scoliosis surgery in regard to rates of respiratory failure and rates of ventilator-acquired pneumonia in comparison to patients with neurologic scoliosis and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. This study was a retrospective chart review of patients undergoing scoliosis surgery at a tertiary children’s hospital. Patients were divided into 3 groups: (1) adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, (2) neurologic scoliosis, and (3) Rett syndrome. There were 133 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, 48 patients with neurologic scoliosis, and 8 patients with Rett syndrome. We found that patients with Rett syndrome undergoing scoliosis surgery have higher rates of respiratory failure and longer ventilation times in the postoperative period when compared with both adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and neurologic scoliosis patients. There is insufficient evidence to suggest a difference in the incidence of ventilator-acquired pneumonia between the Rett syndrome and the neurologic scoliosis group. We believe our findings are the first in the literature to show a statistically significant difference between these 3 groups in regard to incidence of respiratory failure.
Prediction of Fracture in Plate Forging.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Ductile fracture in plate forging is analyzed. For the prediction of the fracture the criterion based on load instability is employed. The concept of load instability corresponds to the loss of load control which arises when the load deforming a material is imposed over the strength of the material and is brought as the stationary state of largest nominal stress component, s^^·1=0. This gives basic condition of load instability. When the basic condition is satisfied, in order to realize the occurrence of cracking the co-existence of plastic loading and unloading must be required, which gives the annexed condition of load instability represented as z^-L≤0. Hence, the criterion is composed of basic and annexed conditions. Stress and strain in a specimen are evaluated using FEM. The index z^-L is examined at s^^·1=0, and is obtained at a number of working conditions designating tool radius and friction coefficient between tools and a plate. These working conditions are divided into two regions according to the sign of z^-L. When z^-L is negative at a working condition the fracture is predicted in such working. It is found that load instability predicts cracking possibility lower than plastic instability.
The Influence of Interdependence on Trust Calibration in Human-Machine Teams

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In human-machine teams, the strengths and weaknesses of both team members result in dependencies, opportunities, and requirements to collaborate. Managing these interdependence relationships is crucial for teamwork, as it is argued that they facilitate accurate trust calibration. Unfortunately, empirical research on the influence of interdependence on trust calibration during human-machine teamwork is lacking. Therefore, we conducted an experiment (n=80) to study the effect of interdependence relationships (complete independence, complementary independence, optional interdependence, required interdependence) on human-machine trust calibration. Participants collaborated with a virtual agent during a simulated search and rescue task in teams characterized by one of the four interdependencies. A machine-induced trust violation was included in the task to facilitate dynamic trust calibration. Results show that the interdependence relationships during human-machine teamwork influence perceived trust calibration over time. Only in the teams with joint actions (optional and required interdependence) does perceived trust in the machine not recover to its initial pre-violated value. However, results show that the correlation between perceived trust in the machine and machine trustworthiness is strongest in these teams with joint actions, suggesting a more accurate trust calibration process. Overall, our findings provide some first evidence that interdependence relationships during human-machine teamwork influence human-machine trust calibration.
Life Cycle Assessment of CO2 Emissions of Online Music and Videos Streaming in Japan

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In this study, we analyzed the CO2 emissions of online music and video streaming services, as one of the digital contents, in Japan using life cycle assessment. As a system boundary of online music and video streaming, processes such as data center construction and server manufacturing, usage of communication networks and internet communication technology devices (personal computers (PCs) and smartphones), and disposal of data centers and servers were considered. Data were collected using statistical and online surveys, and CO2 emissions per 1 MB of communication volume were calculated. One of the results revealed that the lifecycle CO2 emissions of listening to online music using PCs and smartphones were 5.88 × 10−4 and 1.43 × 10−4 kg-CO2/MB, respectively. The overall CO2 emissions for domestic music and video streaming services in 2019 was 921 thousand t-CO2. Online video streaming accounted for 87.7% of the total emissions, which corresponded to approximately 0.23% of domestic CO2 emissions derived from electric power generation.
Possible biological properties and toxicity of Dysphania ambrosioides based on its chemical constituents

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Collaborator RENORBIO Program.Leader of the research group Chemicalpharmacological prospecting of medicinal plants and derivatives in experimental models of ischemic heart disorders -CNPQ, with pharmacological and toxicological study of natural products, developing technological and invention products.
Factors affecting the yield and biological activity of lipid extracts of Listeria monocytogenes

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The biological activity of lipid extracts of five strains of Listeria monocytogenes was studied, with special reference to their monocytosis-producing activity in mice. Two of the strains gave more active extracts than the others, and cells grown at 4 C produced more lipid with better activity than cells grown at room temperature or at 37 C. Extracts obtained from cells harvested at the various stages of log phase at 4 C all gave similar levels of monocytosis in mice. The level of monocyte response varied from animal to animal, but in general, older mice (28 to 48 weeks) responded better than young mice (9 to 15 weeks) and females gave a better response than males. These extracts also produced leucopenia in young mice, but this was less consistent and leucocytosis was more often observed in older mice. Granulocytosis and lymphopenia were commonly found in mice injected with lipid extracts of L. monocytogenes. These changes were affected by the strain of bacteria but not by the age and sex of the test animals. The changes in blood picture normally reached a maximum 1 to 2 days after injection and returned to normal after about 5 days.