jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
JP-8 Jet Fuel: Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Studies in Experimental Animals

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Genotoxicity is often linked to carcinogenesis. The assessment of the genotoxic potential of any "agent" is important in terms of suggesting its carcinogenic potential. Hence, the evaluation of the genotoxic potential of jet fuels, JP-8 and Jet-A has been proposed in these investigations. The rodent micronucleus (MN) assay, which detects micronuclei, arising from both chromosomal fragments and unequal segregation of chromosomes during cell division has been widely applied as an in vivo assay for detecting genotoxic agents. The assay became a standard test system for genotoxicity evaluations in regulatory agencies in several countries (Sofuni 1993, Kirkland 1993, Auletta et al., 1993, Health Protection Branch Genotoxicity Committee, Canada, 1993).
Report on Progress in the Development of Visual Prostheses

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

□ In summary, we can say that as a result of recent work in implanting visual prostheses in correlated work in visual physiology, data processing, and materials technology and in the development of sophisticated simulation techniques, we have approached several steps closer to a vantage point from which we can state the conditions under which a reliable visual prosthesis in the armamentarium of sensory aids has been clarified as a result of the conference and the interest of the scientific community in the development of such a system has been stimulated. It is significant that Dr. MacNichol (the new director of NINDS) has made our computer program for simulating the output of a prosthesis available to scientists at the National Institutes of Health as well as members of the newly-formed National Eye Institute. It is also obvious that we can sustain scientific interest in the problems involved in the development of experiments toward a visual prosthesis, because of the simultaneously human and personal involvement of researchers in alleviating the problems of blindness.
The Interplay between Socioeconomic Inequalities and Clinical Oral Health

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Oral health inequalities associated with socioeconomic status are widely observed but may depend on the way that both oral health and socioeconomic status are measured. Our aim was to investigate inequalities using diverse indicators of oral health and 4 socioeconomic determinants, in the context of age and cohort. Multiple linear or logistic regressions were estimated for 7 oral health measures representing very different outcomes (2 caries prevalence measures, decayed/missing/filled teeth, 6-mm pockets, number of teeth, anterior spaces, and excellent oral health) against 4 socioeconomic measures (income, education, Index of Multiple Deprivation, and occupational social class) for adults aged ≥21 y in the 2009 UK Adult Dental Health Survey data set. Confounders were adjusted and marginal effects calculated. The results showed highly variable relationships for the different combinations of variables and that age group was critical, with different relationships at different ages. There were significant income inequalities in caries prevalence in the youngest age group, marginal effects of 0.10 to 0.18, representing a 10- to 18-percentage point increase in the probability of caries between the wealthiest and every other quintile, but there was not a clear gradient across the quintiles. With number of teeth as an outcome, there were significant income gradients after adjustment in older groups, up to 4.5 teeth (95% confidence interval, 2.2-6.8) between richest and poorest but none for the younger groups. For periodontal disease, income inequalities were mediated by other socioeconomic variables and smoking, while for anterior spaces, the relationships were age dependent and complex. In conclusion, oral health inequalities manifest in different ways in different age groups, representing age and cohort effects. Income sometimes has an independent relationship, but education and area of residence are also contributory. Appropriate choices of measures in relation to age are fundamental if we are to understand and address inequalities.
512-P: The Effect of Remnant Cholesterol on the Onset of Diabetes Mellitus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Remnant cholesterol (Rem-C) is the cholesterol content found in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, which are produced in the metabolic process of VLDL and chylomicrons. REM-C is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and is a target of lipid-lowering therapies. Conversely, insulin resistance is linked to increased levels of Rem-C. However, the effect of Rem-C levels on the onset of diabetes mellitus (DM) has not been adequately clarified. Therefore, this study aims to examine the association between Rem-C levels and the onset of diabetes. We reviewed the records of 13,044 nondiabetic individuals (6,499 males, 6,545 females) who underwent health check-ups at least twice, with a median age of 44 (IQR 37-51) years. The observation period spanned 5.86 (0.60-16.92) years. DM onset was determined based on HbA1c≧6.5% or fasting plasma glucose≧126mg/dL. Four hundred sixty subjects developed DM. In univariate analysis, an increase in Rem-C significantly raised the risk of DM onset (HR: 1.017, 95% CI: 1.014-1.019). Similar results were obtained in multivariate analysis (adjusted HR: 1.009, 95% CI: 1.005-1.013), adjusting for gender, age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, family history of diabetes, and smoking history. In conclusion, a high level of Rem-C is a risk factor for the onset of DM. Therefore, Rem-C may serve as a useful surrogate marker for DM onset, and interventions, such as lifestyle guidance and drug therapy, focusing on Rem-C may help suppress the onset of DM. Disclosure A. Kanamoto: None. T. Miyake: None. S. Furukawa: Speaker's Bureau; Lilly Diabetes, Novo Nordisk, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation. B. Matsuura: None. O. Yoshida: None. M. Miyazaki: None. A. Shiomi: None. H. Nakaguchi: None. M. Hirooka: None. M. Abe: None. Y. Hiasa: None.
Similarity and Diversity: Cocrystallization of Baricitinib with Four C4-Dicarboxylic Acids

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The structural resemblance strategy is an often-employed principle to guide the discovery of novel pharmaceutical cocrystals and salts. Here, baricitinib (BAR) was selected as a model compound due to the existence of abundant heterocyclic nitrogen sites (proton acceptor sites) to form crystalline complexes with four structurally similar and pharmaceutically acceptable C4-dicarboxylic acids, maleic acid (MAL), fumaric acid (FUM), succinic acid (SUC), and l-tartaric acid (TAR). Crystal structures, intermolecular interactions, and physicochemical properties of each resulting form were analyzed to demonstrate the similarity and diversity. BAR–MAL and BAR–TAR are two salts with stoichiometric ratios of 2:2 and 2:1, respectively. BAR–FUM and BAR–SUC are isostructural cocrystals with a stoichiometric ratio of 1:0.5. All of these new solid-state forms demonstrated excellent phase stability against hydration, reduced hygroscopicity, and slight solubility improvements, supporting their usage as alternative forms of BAR for generic drug development.
Relationship between birth weight and overweight/obesity among students in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil: a retrospective cohort study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Being born heavier than 4 kg is associated with current overweight and obesity over the long term. The objective here was to ascertain whether birth weight was related to overweight or obese status, among 7 to 14-year-old schoolchildren, taking into consideration the possible interactions between socioeconomic factors and other biological variables.DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective cohort study on a probabilistic sample of 2,696 children and adolescents living in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.METHODS: The following data were collected: anthropometric (student's weight, height and age; and parents' weight and height), socioeconomic (family income, number of people in house and parental schooling level), birth weight and gestational age. Overweight and obesity were classified using percentiles of body mass index and triceps and subscapular skinfolds. The outcome variables were overweight and obesity and the main explanatory variables were birth weight and birth weight according to gestational age. The control variables were the parents' nutritional status, their schooling level and theper capita family income. Poisson multivariate regressions were carried out.RESULTS: Higher prevalence of high birth weight was observed among overweight male adolescents (PR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.02-1.27; P = 0.03), but this was not observed among obese male adolescents. Low birth weight and being born small for gestational age were also not associated with the outcomes. Among overweight and obese children, birth weight was not significantly different from that of normal-weight children.CONCLUSION: No significant association between birth weight and obesity was observed. However, there was a weak but significant association between high birth weight and overweight, among male adolescents.
The Role of Project Planning on Project Performance in Ethiopia

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Analysis of the completed projects show that a significant number of projects exceed the
planned time and costs and consequently reducing the benefits. Among many causes of
project failure, it is widely recognized/ identified/that poor planning has an impact on
project performance/success/. The main objective of the research presented in this paper
was to assess the role of project planning on project performance in Ethiopia. In order to
achieve the objectives, information of past/executed/ projects was collected from 43
organizations. A questionnaire survey conducted to collect data from the respondents that
consisted of project manager, supervisors, and other related respondents. The study used
SPSS version 20 for correlation and regression analysis, and MTS to identify the
influential/important/ planning process/activities under each planning knowledge areas.
The findings of the thesis indicate that the main planning input factors that affect the
performance of planning processes are: - human, management, technical and
organizational factors. And also the finding identifies the main problem areas in planning
processes as risk, scope, quality human resource, and integration knowledge areas were
inadequately/poorly/ performed in the studied project. The result of the finding also
identifies 15 influential planning activities that affect the performance of project out
come. This paper recommends an organization that conducts any project should improve
the poor/inadequate planning performance of the identified knowledge areas. It is also
important for the organization to spend more efforts in the identified planning activities
to improve the performance of their project outcome.
An Analysis of the Substitution and Supplemental Effects Between 401(k) and Other Employers' Pension Plans

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Using firm-level data from the Internal Revenue Service Form 5500, this paper provides new evidence of the substitution and supplemental effects between 401(k) plans and other employers' pension plans for longstanding firms. By comparing employers' pension plan choices between 1985 and 1996, we trace how individual employers changed their pension offerings during this study period. Multinomial logistic regression models were adopted to analyze the substitution and supplemental effects between 401(k) and other employers' pension plans. The empirical results do not support the hypothesis that the new 401(k) offerings were used to replace existing defined benefit (DB) plans, but rather replaced existing other defined contribution (DC) plans or supplement DB/other DC plans.
The Psychoanalysis of Sleep-Paralysis – Perspectives on Oneirology

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Dream is the reflection of our unconscious mind when we are in deep slumber. The duration of dream varies from 14 sec - 40sec and are characterized by Rapid Eye Movement (REM). Dreams occur in the transition period from light sleep to deep sleep or from deep sleep to light sleep. The associated study of dreams is known as Oneirology. It is sometimes associated by physical bodily movement
Potential Treatment for Neuropsychiatry Disorders with TRPC5 Modulators

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVPatent HighlightNEXTPotential Treatment for Neuropsychiatry Disorders with TRPC5 ModulatorsAhmed F. Abdel-Magid*View Author Information Therachem Research Medilab (India) Pvt. Ltd., Jaipur, India*Address: 1383 Jasper Drive, Ambler, Pennsylvania 19002, United States. Tel: 215-913-7202. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: ACS Med. Chem. Lett. 2016, 7, 6, 547–548Publication Date (Web):May 12, 2016Publication History Received1 May 2016Published online12 May 2016Published inissue 9 June 2016https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00182https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00182editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2016 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1216Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (257 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Calcium,Diseases and disorders,Ions,Receptors Get e-Alerts
Macromitrium larrainii Thouvenot & K. T. Yong

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Macromitrium larrainii Thouvenot & K.T.Yong, (Figs 2D, 12) Cryptogamie, Bryologie 36: 344-346, fig. 1-15 (2015). TYPE. — New Caledonia. North Province, Hienghène, summit of Mt Panié, c. 1640 m, 9.X.2012, Larraín 35846 (holo-, PC [PC 0167650]!; iso-, NOU! KLU, F, CONC, NY, S). ILLUSTRATIONS AND DESCRIPTION. — Thouvenot & Yong (2015); Müller et al. (2016). DISTRIBUTION IN NEW CALEDONIA. — So far only known from Mt Panié, the highest summit in the country. TOTAL RANGE. — Endemic to North Province of New Caledonia. SELECTED SPECIMENS. — New Caledonia, Province Nord, Mt Panié, along the hiking trail from RPN3 to the summit, c. 1200 m, 13.IX.2001, F. Müller NC98 & NC202 (DR). DESCRIPTION Macromitrium larrainii is well characterised by:1) long branches up to 25 mm long; 2) lanceolate branch leaves distinctively slender, laminae widest near base, very narrow and asymmetrical above; 3) a very shaggy habit due to the long, thin aristae up to 1 mm long and excurrent costae of the branch leaves irregularly arranged; 4) cells smooth throughout the leaves; 5) upper leaf cells irregular in shape and size and basal ones linear and evenly thick-walled, with straight lumina; and 6) setae 8-10 mm long. A B C F E D G H I Epiphyte growing on barks in rain and cloud forests and scrublands, at higher altitudes, this species is candidate to micro-endemic status since it is only known from two collecting places relatively close one from the other, in the northernmost part of the Central Range.
Applying the Mental Capacity Act to research with people with learning disabilities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Accessible Summary People with learning disabilities should be included in research that is about them. There is a law in England and Wales called the Mental Capacity Act that has rules that researchers must follow. This paper shows how one researcher used those rules to ensure people with learning disabilities were able to be involved in a research project. Summary This study describes the experiences of a researcher negotiating consent with people with learning disabilities to become participants in a research study. The study was about how the Mental Capacity Act ( MCA ) was applied to everyday decision‐making in social care settings. However, before data collection could begin, the researcher had to follow the principles of the MCA and the requirements of ethical research practice. The study reports on the important role of gatekeepers in allowing (or preventing) access to potential participants. However, gatekeepers did not always act in a manner in keeping with the first principle of the MCA . Additionally, the dilemmas for a researcher in assessing participants’ capacity to consent to the study are described, as are three approaches followed which supported people to decide for themselves.
[Vertically transmitted bacteremias: to treat or not to treat?].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The most common microorganism in vertically transmitted bacteremia and suspected early onset neonatal sepsis was group B streptococcus. None of the untreated infants developed late sepsis or meningitis. Our findings suggest that non-treatment of asymptomatic infants with vertically transmitted bacteremias is appropriate as long and close clinical surveillance is maintained.
Mapping an Interface of SecY (PrlA) and SecE (PrlG) by Using Synthetic Phenotypes and In Vivo Cross-Linking

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT SecY and SecE are integral cytoplasmic membrane proteins that form an essential part of the protein translocation machinery in Escherichia coli . Sites of direct contact between these two proteins have been suggested by the allele-specific synthetic phenotypes exhibited by pairwise combinations of prlA and prlG signal sequence suppressor mutations in these genes. We have introduced cysteine residues within the first periplasmic loop of SecY and the second periplasmic loop of SecE, at a specific pair of positions identified by this genetic interaction. The expression of the cysteine mutant pair results in a dominant lethal phenotype that requires the presence of DsbA, which catalyzes the formation of disulfide bonds. A reducible SecY-SecE complex is also observed, demonstrating that these amino acids must be sufficiently proximal to form a disulfide bond. The use of cysteine-scanning mutagenesis enabled a second contact site to be discovered. Together, these two points of contact allow the modeling of a limited region of quaternary structure, establishing the first characterized site of interaction between these two proteins. This study proves that actual points of protein-protein contact can be identified by using synthetic phenotypes.
Learning-Aided Beam Management for mmWave High-Speed Railway Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Beam alignment and tracking for millimeter-wave communication networks in highly mobile scenarios, such as high-speed railway, suffer from large overhead cost and time delay loss. To solve this problem, we propose a learning-aided beam management scheme, which divides the high-dimensional beam prediction procedure into two stages, i.e., parameter estimation and hybrid beamforming. The locations and velocities of the mobile terminals are estimated using the maximum likelihood criterion, and a data fusion module is employed to further improve the estimation accuracy and robustness. Then, the next probable beam directions and the corresponding hybrid precoders are derived based on the estimated parameter set. Numerical simulations show that, the proposed method yields significantly lower overhead cost and time delay compared to the existing beam management scheme.
Nonlinear dynamics underlying sensory processing dysfunction in schizophrenia

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Significance One of the fundamental challenges of neuroscience is to understand the seamless orchestration of many interconnected brain regions, which is needed to produce the integrated experience of cognition. This paper describes a method based on dynamical systems theory to identify important nonlinear features underlying brain signals. We show that this method can indeed detect unique dynamical states underlying normal and altered auditory information processing in large cohorts of healthy subjects and schizophrenia patients. These dynamical states correspond to network changes preceding well-known auditory–neurophysiological responses. Results indicate that brain signals can be analyzed using a rather unconventional method to extract important large-scale dynamical information that is not apparent from conventional methods commonly used in the study of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Are Morphological or Functional Changes in the Carotid Artery Wall Associated With Chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, Cytomegalovirus, or Herpes Simplex Virus Infection?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Purpose—Chronic infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) can be taken to indicate early atherosclerosis, the presence of a carotid stenosis is a marker of a manifest carotid atherosclerosis, and an increase in arterial stiffness is used as marker of structural and functional changes in an atherosclerotic vessel wall. Methods—In 504 patients (75% men; mean age 62.9 [SD 10] years), we measured the IMT and the elastic pressure modulus (EP; n=445) of the common carotid artery and the prevalence of a internal or external carotid artery stenosis. Blood samples were taken, and antibodies against C pneumoniae, H pylori, CMV, and HSV types 1 and 2 were evaluated. Statistical evaluation was performed with regression procedures and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results—Seropositivity for C pneumoniae was an independent ...
Proceedings of The South African Sugar Technologists &apos; Association- June 1995 SOME DOWNSTREAM EFFECTS RESULTING FROM DIFFUSION COMPARED WITH MILLING AS PUBLISHED BY THE SOUTH AFRICAN SUGAR INDUSTRY

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The South African sugar industry can be regarded as mainly a diffusion industry with 76 % of all cane now handled by diffusers. With the conversion from milling to diffusion, concerns were expressed that higher temperatures, imbibition