jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Resistivity Structure around the Hypocentral Area of the Ebino Earthquake Swarm in Kyushu District, Japan

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Wide band and dense MT soundings on the hypocentral area of the Ebino earthquake swarm, which occurred in 1968, in southern Kyushu were performed to examine the existence of fluid in the hypocentral area, which possibly caused the earthquake swarm. The regional strike and the induction arrow were calculated first. Then a two-dimensional resistivity structure beneath the surveyed area is calculated by using an inversion technique. The best fitted model shows that the hypocentral area is relatively more resistive than the surrounding area. We conclude that a large mass of fluid is not likely to exist in the hypocentral area.
Testing History as Inquiry

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

F OR nearly a decade it has been popular to teach history as inquiry in the secondary school. While there are several rather different inquiry approaches, 1 each contends that students not only learn subject matter as well as they might in traditional courses, but that they learn critical thinking and problem solving skills which will enable them more effectively to cope with the problems of the twenty-first century. Instead of memorizing the of history, students learn how to identify problems, to develop testable hypotheses, to gather data from available sources, to test hypotheses logically and with evidence, and, finally, to draw tentative conclusions. It is not that facts are ignored or assigned a secondary role in the inquiry process, but rather that their role is different. Facts become the raw materials for a better understanding of concepts, generalizations, and principles which, in turn, have a longer life expectancy and greater transferability than facts per se. 2
Reproduction in Education: an elaboration of current neo‐marxist models of analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper represents an attempt to develop current understanding of reproduction in education. Commenting on current neo‐Marxist models of analysis, we argue that more attention needs to be given to the universalising practices of schools if reproduction is to be fully understood. Drawing on evidence taken from a national study of Irish [1] schools, we show how the state's intervention in schooling can have universalising effects. However, we argue that the state has only intervened in the realm of educational provision, not in the realm of consumption, hence inequalities persist. The second part of the paper tries to explain why state intervention in education is largely limited to provision. In effect, this means examining the processes of universalism and particularism within the context of the capitalist state. Here we argue that actions by state managers (particularly in response to resistances developing in schools) are restricted by an array of vested interest groups within the educational site. While contradictions lead to resistances in school, these resistances generate counter‐resistances from those class and/or status groups, which have their own agenda within the educational system. The managers' need to reproduce both the skills and attitudes necessary for the capital accumulation which funds the state machinery is, of course, another powerful controlling force.
Flipped Classroom Activity Using the PTA Model in an Introductory Sociology Course

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This scaffolded writing-to-learn activity incorporates a number of Writing Across the Curriculum-based suggestions that draw upon the strengths of student reflection, the PTA (prioritization, translation, and analogization) model of concentric thinking, and the benefits of a flipped-classroom approach to learning. Thus, the purpose of this article is to explain what one model for structuring a flipped classroom that purposefully integrates writing in the PTA model looks like and to provide a concrete example of a flipped-classroom activity that I have utilized in numerous introductory sociology courses.
Allochtonous input and trophic level heterogeneity: impact on an aquatic food web

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The impact of food web complexity in open and closed food webs was explored experimentally under controlled laboratory conditions. We used an aquatic model community consisting of two forms of primary producers, phytoplankton ( Scenedesmus obtusiuscusculus ) and periphyton ( Nitzschia perminuta ) and two types of consumers, Daphnia pulex feeding on phytoplankton and Chydorous sphaericus feeding on both periphyton and phytoplankton. Three different food webs all having the phytoplankton and periphyton, but having either one of the consumers or both were set up. These food webs were studied in an open and closed treatment. In the open treatment, phytoplankton was continuously flowing through the aquaria whereas in the closed system all the phytoplankton was delivered at the start of the experiment. D. pulex had a positive effect on the density of C. sphaericus in both the open and closed treatments. In the open treatment C. sphaericus increased to very high numbers and was able to depress phytoplankton and thereby negatively affect D. pulex . Our study shows that the explicit handling of the population dynamics of both grazers allowed us to show how a compensatory increase in one primary producer due to increased grazing on another primary producer creates a negative feedback between consumers: C. sphaericus increased and negatively affected D. pulex .
Effect of Product\nRemoval in Hydrogen Peroxide Electrosynthesis\non Mesoporous Chromium(III) Oxide

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

On-site electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) is a promising alternative technology to the\nconversional\ncentralized anthraquinone oxidation process. Here, we report a platinum\ngroup metal (PGM)-free H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> electrogenerator\nwith mesoporous Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> used as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and evolution\nreactions (ORR and OER), respectively. The catalysts were synthesized\nvia a hydrothermal synthesis route and had pore sizes of 3 and 7 nm\nand specific surface areas of 112 and 62 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>–1</sup>, respectively. Mesoporous Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> was evaluated\nin a half cell with 0.1 M KOH for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction,\nwhich shows 2.2 transferred electrons per oxygen and an in situ H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> yield of 70%. This enables the electrosynthesis\nof hydrogen peroxide in alkaline medium using Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> as a 2<i>e</i>-ORR-H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> electrocatalyst,\nwith oxygen evolution as an auxiliary reaction on NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. The effect of electrolyte flow on the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> electrogenerator was investigated. It is observed that\none-way feeding of the catholyte suppresses deterioration of the electrocatalyst\nand allows a faradic conversion up to ∼90% with a production\nrate of ∼0.36 [g (h·g<sub>cat</sub>)<sup>−1</sup>], operating within the cell voltage of 1.2 V. This work demonstrates\nboth a viable method for electrosynthesis of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production using PGM-free electrocatalysts and the possibility to\nobtain a high faradic efficiency by mitigating the effect from catalyst\ndegradation.
Effect of Cathodic Polarisation Switch-Off on the Passivity and Stability to Crevice Corrosion of AISI 304L Stainless Steel

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The effects of cathodic polarisation switch-off on the passivation of AISI 304L stainless steel in air and its crevice corrosion susceptibility in 3.5 wt.% NaCl aqueous electrolyte were investigated. Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) data showed that the oxide film is significantly destabilised and the rate of steel passivation in air is slowed down. Thermal desorption analysis (TDA) highlighted that hydrogen absorption is proportional to the applied cathodic current density. A special crevice corrosion set-up was designed to realise simultaneous reproducible monitoring of potential and galvanic current to study the impact of prior cathodic polarisation on crevice corrosion onset.
Multimode high-resolution DPWM for RF class-D amplifiers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes a multimode high-resolution digital pulse width modulator. This modulator, based on a novel hybrid structure, not only has a programmable duty cycle but also realizes phase modulation. A 576 ps pulse resolution is achieved based on a 13.56 MHz switching frequency for near field communication. Fabricated in a SMIC 0.18-μm EEPROM CMOS process, the total area of modulator is only 130 × 180 μm2. Measurement results validate the multi-mode modulation function and high pulse resolution.
Comprehensive Analysis of Moodle Activity Recommendations considering Complex Thinking Theory for Enhancing Learning Outcomes

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the rapidly evolving landscape of digital technologies, e-learning and blended learning face the challenge of delivering personalized teaching experiences. This paper investigates the effectiveness of Moodle activity recommendations, aligned with complex thinking theory, in enhancing teaching personalization. The study utilized a methodology that assessed student engagement, performance, and self-identification across seven crucial skills defined by the theory. Student profiles were evaluated in a course’s initial module using activities embodying these characteristics, followed by personalized recommendations in subsequent modules. The analysis revealed a strong correlation between the proposed activities and improvements in academic performance, particularly in areas such as transdisciplinarity and metacognition. The findings highlight that students who engaged more actively with the recommended activities demonstrated significant improvements in their final grades.
Single-Channel Properties of Synaptic and Extrasynaptic GABAAReceptors Suggest Differential Targeting of Receptor Subtypes

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Many neurons express a multiplicity of GABA A receptor subunit isoforms. Despite having only a single source of inhibitory input, the cerebellar granule cell displays, at various stages of development, more than 10 different GABA A subunit types. This subunit diversity would be expected to result in significant receptor heterogeneity, yet the functional consequences of such heterogeneity remain poorly understood. Here we have used single-channel properties to characterize GABA A receptor types in the synaptic and extrasynaptic membrane of granule cells. In the presence of high concentrations of GABA, which induced receptor desensitization, extrasynaptic receptors in outside-out patches from the soma entered long-lived closed states interrupted by infrequent clusters of openings. Each cluster of openings, which is assumed to result from the repeated activation of a single channel, was to one of three main conductance states (28, 17, or 12 pS), the relative frequency of which differed between patches. Such behavior indicates the presence of at least three different receptor types. This heterogeneity was not replicated by individual recombinant receptors (α 1 β 2 γ 2S or α 1 β 3 γ 2S ), which gave rise to clusters of a single type only. By contrast, the conductance of synaptic receptors, determined by fluctuation analysis of the synaptic current or direct resolution of channel events, was remarkably uniform and similar to the highest conductance value seen in extrasynaptic patches. These results suggest that granule cells express multiple GABA A receptor types, but only those with a high conductance, most likely containing a γ subunit, are activated at the synapse.
PENGARUH CELEBRITY ENDORSER TERHADAP PURCHASE INTENTION MELALUI BRAND CREDIBILITY

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to determine the effect of celebrity endorser on purchase intentions with variables brand crediility as mediators. The sample used in this study is 125 respondents who are people have watched Yamaha Nmax ads in Banda Aceh. Purposive Sampling is used as a sampling technique. Partial Least Square analysis method is used as an analytical method to determine the effect of the variables involved. The results of this study indicate that Celebrity Endorser effect on Purchase Intention. Celebrity Endorser affects brand credibility. In addition, the results obtained that the brand credibility variable acts as a full mediation on the celebrity endorser variable to purchase Intention. And brand credibilty effect on purcahase intention. The higher the effect of perceived celebrity endorser, the higher the brand credibility of Yamaha Nmax product, the stronger the purchase intention is owned by the consumer. Keyword: Celebrity Endorser, Brand Credibility, Purchase Intention, Yamaha Nmax.
Inferring the Regulatory Network of miRNAs on Terpene Trilactone Biosynthesis Affected by Environmental Conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

As a medicinal tree species, ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) and terpene trilactones (TTLs) extracted from its leaves are the main pharmacologic activity constituents and important economic indicators of its value. The accumulation of TTLs is known to be affected by environmental stress, while the regulatory mechanism of environmental response mediated by microRNAs (miRNAs) at the post-transcriptional levels remains unclear. Here, we focused on grafted ginkgo grown in northwestern, southwestern, and eastern-central China and integrally analyzed RNA-seq and small RNA-seq high-throughput sequencing data as well as metabolomics data from leaf samples of ginkgo clones grown in natural environments. The content of bilobalide was highest among detected TTLs, and there was more than a twofold variation in the accumulation of bilobalide between growth conditions. Meanwhile, transcriptome analysis found significant differences in the expression of 19 TTL-related genes among ginkgo leaves from different environments. Small RNA sequencing and analysis showed that 62 of the 521 miRNAs identified were differentially expressed among different samples, especially the expression of miRN50, miR169h/i, and miR169e was susceptible to environmental changes. Further, we found that transcription factors (ERF, MYB, C3H, HD-ZIP, HSF, and NAC) and miRNAs (miR319e/f, miRN2, miRN54, miR157, miR185, and miRN188) could activate or inhibit the expression of TTL-related genes to participate in the regulation of terpene trilactones biosynthesis in ginkgo leaves by weighted gene co-regulatory network analysis. Our findings provide new insights into the understanding of the regulatory mechanism of TTL biosynthesis but also lay the foundation for ginkgo leaves’ medicinal value improvement under global change.
Exploring How Student Activists Experience Marginality and Mattering During Interactions with Student Affairs Professionals

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examines student activists' interactions with student affairs professionals. Guided by Schlossberg's (1989) marginality and mattering framework, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 student activists. Student activists experienced marginalization in three ways (1) misperceptions of student organizing, (2) not feeling heard, and (3) lacking authentic interaction with student affairs professionals. The article concludes with a discussion of the myriad of ways that student affairs professionals can positively engage with student activists.
The seed bank in &lt;i&gt;Pinus&lt;/i&gt; stand regeneration in NW Spain after wildfire

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract. In the Cantabrian area (northwest Spain) Pinus stands occupy many of the original shrub communities that have been considered unproductive. These Pinus stands represent the vegetation which is most affected by fire. Regeneration after fire may occur in different ways: by resprouting or by germination or both. Germination was the only regeneration mechanism in Pinus species that appeared in these areas. The aim of this study is to determine the role of the soil seed bank in regeneration in this type of ecosystem. In order to carry out the study, three communities dominated by Pinus sylvestris which had suffered wildfires were chosen. In each of the three experimental sites of Pinus sylvestris stands the seed bank composition and above-ground vegetation were studied. The results allowed three species groups in the seed bank to be differentiated: those favoured by fire, amongst which some hardseeds, mainly belonging to Cistaceae and Leguminosae, were found; another group formed by outsider or opportunist species from outside the community and which used anemochory as their main dispersion mechanism; and the third group formed by those negatively affected, amongst which were species using vegetative resprout as the main regeneration mechanism. The species of greatest quantitative importance in the seed bank was Erica australis. In general, anemochorous species were predominant in the soil seed bank. During the first stages of succession chamaephytes were dominant and in the two years after fire therophytes were. No great similarity was observed between the bank composition and field vegetation from a qualitative viewpoint, due to differences in the presence of seeds of outsider plants in the bank and to the significance of the resprouting species in the field.
Active control for actuator uncertain half-car suspension systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This chapter designs a non-fragile H∞ controller for a class of active suspension systems with actuator uncertainty. By using Lyapunov stability theory, a nonfragile controller is designed for the purpose of ensuring that the resulting active suspension system is asymptotically stable with a prescribed H∞ disturbance attenuation level. The designed non-fragile H∞ controller is constructed via convex optimization by guaranteeing its sufficient condition in terms of feasible linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Simulation results are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed control approach.
An early and late cytotoxicity evaluation of lidocaine on human oral mucosa fibroblasts

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Local anesthetic drugs are extensively used in dentistry. However, the cytotoxic effects of these pharmaceutical compounds remain unclear. In this work, we have evaluated the cell viability and cell function of human oral mucosa fibroblasts exposed to different concentrations of lidocaine for increasing incubation times, using a global screening methods including structural, metabolic and microanalytical analyses. Our results demonstrate that lidocaine is able to alter cell viability and function even at low concentrations and times, although the effect of lidocaine concentration was more important than the incubation time. First, the structural analysis methods revealed that ≥5% concentrations of lidocaine are able to significantly reduce cell viability. Then, the metabolic 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) assays suggest that concentrations starting from 1% were able to significantly hinder cell physiology. Finally, electron-probe X-ray microanalysis confirmed the deleterious effects of lidocaine and allowed us to demonstrate that these effects are associated to an apoptosis process of cell death. Therefore, care should be taken when lidocaine is clinically used, and the lowest efficient concentrations should always be used. Furthermore, these results suggest that the comprehensive evaluation method used in this work is accurate and efficient for screening of local anesthetics.
α2-Fraction and Haptoglobin as Biomarkers for Disease Activity in Oligo- And Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Objectives: Unlike in adult rheumatology, for most forms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) no reliable biomarkers currently exist to assess joint and disease activity. However, electrophoresis is frequently found changed in active juvenile arthritis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the α2-fraction of serum electrophoresis and its main components as biomarkers for JIA, categories extended/persistent oligoarthritis and seronegative polyarthritis, in comparison with the conventionally used erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein. Methods: Serum samples and clinical data from 181 patients with JIA were collected. Serum electrophoresis and α2-fraction and its components were determined using standard methods. Relationship between calculated α2-fraction of serum electrophoresis (CA2F) and its components, acute-phase parameters and cJADAS27 was assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and linear regression modelling, adjusting for confounding effects. Results were confirmed in a second cohort with 223 serum samples from 37 patients, using a mixed model to account for repeated measures.Results: Compared to ESR and CRP, CA2F showed higher correlation to cJADAS27, in particular for persistent oligoarthritis. Of the three components of the α2-fraction, haptoglobin showed the highest correlation to cJADAS27. Regression analysis demonstrated higher ability to predict cJADAS27 for CA2F, and especially for haptoglobin as a component thereof, than for CRP and ESR. Conclusion: Compared to conventional methods, α2-fraction of serum electrophoresis and specifically, haptoglobin show higher correlations with disease activity in common subtypes of JIA, representing excellent candidates as biomarkers for disease activity. Further studies are necessary to determine diagnostic value and correlations in other subtypes.
RELATIONSHIP OF PERCEIVED SOCIAL SUPPORT AND HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG DIABETIC PATIENTS

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The proposed study was conducted to investigate perceived social support and health related quality of life among patients of diabetes. Furthermore, impact of demographic variables was also studied. The present study sample comprised of diabetic patients taken from different hospitals of sargodha. (N=180). Proposed study variables were measured through standardized instruments such as Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support was administered to measure social support (MSPSS; Batool 2012), WHOQOL-BREF Scale was administered to measure quality of life of a patient (WHOQOL-Group, 1998). Correlation, linear regression, ANOVA and independent sample t- test were run in order to meet the objectives of study by SPSS version 21. The results of the present study revealed that perceived social support is positively correlated with health related quality of life. There is no significant gender differences on health related quality of life and perceived social support. Keywords: Diabetes, perceived social support, health, quality of life, gender differences.