jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Question about the End of Literature

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

문학의 종말이라는 문제는 오래전부터 제기되고 논의되어왔고, 특히 일본의 비평가 가라타니 고진에 의해 강력하게 표명되었다. 가라타니에게 그 문제는 단순히 문학 내부의 문제들 가운데 하나가 아니며, 정점을 향해 나아가고 있는 자본주의의 문화적 상황과 연관되어 있고, 근대에서의 인간에 대한 역사적 이해와 결부되어 있고, 마지막으로 현재의 가능한 동시에 유효한 정치적 실천이라는 물음과 이어져 있다. ‘근대문학의 종언’(가라타니의 표현)이라는 그 문제는 또한 20세기 중반 장-폴 사르트르Jean-Paul Sartre가 문학을 인간주체성을 사회적 주체성으로 승격시키는 탁월한 계기들 가운데 하나로 간주하면서 여전히 확신했던 문학의 가능성이라는 결론에 대한 하나의 이의제기이기도 하다. 우리는 여기서 가라타니와 그가 참조하는 사르트르가 제시한 문학의 가능성 또는 불가능성에 대한 논의들을 따라가면서 여기저기서 여전히 받아들여지거나 의문에 부쳐지는 문학의 종말이라는 문제를 다시 한 번 되돌려보고자 한다. 그러나 여기서의 가장 중요한 관건은 가라타니와 사르트르의 논의들을 반복하고 해석하고 비판하는 데에 있지 않고, 문학이 끝에 이르렀다는 판단이 논란이 되는 현재의 사회적 문화적 정치적 그리고 문학적 상황 가운데로 들어가는 데에, 또한 그 상황이 암시하고 있는 귀결점에 다가가는 데에 있다.
Single-level lumbar pyogenic discitis treated with combined minimally invasive posterior and mini-open anterior approach: Functional outcome analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Study Design: This was a retrospective study. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinico-radiological outcome in single-level lumbar pyogenic discitis treated with single-stage combined percutaneous posterior stabilization with mini-open anterior debridement and fusion under single anesthesia. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 27 patients with single-level lumbar pyogenic discitis who presented to our institute from January 2010 to August 2015. All the patients underwent preoperative evaluation with blood parameters including complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, blood and urine cultures, and imaging studies. They underwent single-stage combined posterior percutaneous stabilization with mini-open anterior debridement and fusion with tricortical iliac crest graft under the same anesthesia. They were followed up at regular intervals with clinical and radiological assessment with minimum follow-up of 24 months. Preoperative and postoperative final follow-up assessments of neurological status, pain, and disability were conducted using the Frankel Grade scoring, visual analog scale (VAS) score, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), respectively. Results: This study included 10 women and 17 men (n = 27) with average age of 57 years (range: 45–73 years). The mean operative time was 194min (range: 150–230min). The mean intraoperative blood loss was 212mL (range: 100–350mL). The mean VAS score (0.56) at final follow-up was significantly lower than the mean preoperative VAS score (7.30) with P < 0.001. The ODI scores at final follow-up (mean, 13.48) were significantly lower than preoperative ODI scores (mean, 83.70) with P < 0.001. Conclusion: Single-stage combined posterior percutaneous stabilization with mini-open anterior debridement and fusion under one anesthesia is an effective alternative to conventional open technique as it allows thorough debridement and rigid fixation, and results in minimal blood loss and lesser postoperative complications.
Watching DNA Charge Ahead

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Biotechnology
A prospective alternative approach to direct DNA sequencing is to monitor changes in ion current as a DNA strand translocates through a nanopore. However, the speed of the translocation process—about 1 base per microsecond—exceeds the response speed of the electronics needed to amplify the small changes in current when measured with microelectrodes in solution. A field-effect transistor (FET) close to the pore should have sufficient speed and sensitivity to resolve these signals, but charge signals might be screened by the high ionic strength of the solvent. Xie et al. fabricated a silicon nanowire FET with a very short channel length (200 nm) on a silicon nitride membrane. They then etched a nanopore (7 to 10 nm in diameter) through the membrane and along the edge of the nanowire, and measured ion currents and FET signals for translocation of 2.6-kbp double-stranded DNA in 1 M KCl. The signal from the nanowire FET tracked that of the ion current measurement if a hundredfold dilution (10 mM KCl) was used in the receiving solution. Measurement of base-pair changes for single-stranded DNA will require further improvements in signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution.

Nat. Nanotechnol. 10.1038/nnano.2011.217 (2011).
PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION ON POSSIBILITY OF SUPER RESOLUTION OF UAV ORTHOIMAGES

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Since inspection of infrastructures using UAV images seems to be efficient, many systems for infrastructure maintenance using UAV images have been developed recently. For the purpose of more efficient image acquisition, we started an investigation on the possibility of super resolution (SR) of UAV images to obtain high-resolution (HR) orthoimages suitable for infrastructure maintenance. This paper reports an preliminary investigation using existing UAV images acquired for 3D measurement that were not be intended to be utilized for SR. We produced HR orthoimages by three SR methods: image interpolation of a single low-resolution (LR) image by cubic convolution, SR by resampling, and SR based on observation equations. Both SR by resampling and SR based on observation equations utilize multiple overlapping LR images. Results of the investigation demonstrate that SR based on observation equations using multiple overlapping images would be able to provide higher resolution orthoimages than those produced by an ordinary method. The results show that an inaccurate DSM utilized in SR processing degrades the quality of SR results as well. Furthermore, the results illustrate that the quality of the result of SR processing depends rather upon the characteristic of a lens utilized in image acquisition. We think that further investigations on SR using UAV images would be necessary in order to put SR to practical use.
Prediction of Firmness of Sweetpotatoes using VNIR Hyperspectral Imaging and Machine Learning

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract. Sweetpotatoes are used in a variety of ways and are regarded as a commercially important agricultural product due to their exceptional nutrition. Consumer perception is greatly influenced by the sweetpotato's physicochemical characteristics, such as firmness. The traditional methods for measuring firmness are arduous, time-consuming, and destructive. Recently, hyperspectral imaging coupled with machine learning has been considered an innovative approach for quick and non-destructive analysis of agricultural and biological products. This study used both linear [partial least squares regression (PLSR), multiple linear regression (MLR)] and non-linear (support vector regression (SVR) machine learning-based regression methods to predict the firmness of sweetpotatoes of different varieties using spectral data extracted from the images collected using a portable visible near-infrared hyperspectral imaging system (400-1000 nm). Important feature wavelengths were identified using the recursive feature elimination (RFE) technique to show the pixel-wise distribution of firmness of the sweetpotatoes and to aid the development of a low-cost multispectral system for industrial application. The results of the predictive analysis suggested that visible near-infrared hyperspectral imaging technology and machine learning could provide a quick and non-invasive prediction of sweetpotato firmness. Keywords. Firmness, Hyperspectral image, Machine learning, MLR, PLSR, RFE, SVR, Sweetpotato
Milk Protein Precursors in the Goat During Late Lactation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Previously, we have reported on work in dairy goats using stable isotope kinetics to examine the precursors for milk protein synthesis (1). Contrary to a previous hypothesis (2), these results suggested that blood free amino acids (AA) are not simply transported into the mammary gland and incorporated directly into milk protein. Although the latter may still occur, a substantial amount of the AA for milk protein synthesis appears to be channelled through constitutive mammary gland protein(s) first. Moreover, the data indicated that a proportion (12-20%) of the casein protein precursor may be derived from extra-mammary sources other than blood free AA, e.g. peptides and/or proteins. It may be possible therefore to alter milk protein synthesis by the provision of different forms of precursor amino acids. Since the previous study was in goats during early lactation (day 61 ± 11), the present study reports on the precursors for milk protein synthesis in goats during late lactation, and allows a comparison between stages of lactation.
Renal Nutrition—Where It Has Been and Where It Is Going

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This paper is a synopsis of an invited lecture entitled, The Future of Renal Nutrition, that was presented at the Japanese Society of Dialysis Therapy, July 2022. The purpose of this presentation is to suggest some of the advances in the field of renal nutrition that the authors think are likely to occur during the next several years. There will be continued development of methods for precisely diagnosing and classifying protein-energy wasting and developing methods to treat this disorder. Why weight loss commonly occurs when the GFR decreases to about 30–35 mL/min/1.73 m2 and why substantial weight loss (>5%/year) is associated with increased mortality will be investigated. Clinical consequences of the interactions between gut microbiota, nutrient intake and other environmental influences will continue to be examined. The clinical value of diets high in fruits and vegetables or other plants for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients will continue to be studied. Our knowledge of how different diets and medicines affect intestinal absorption, metabolism and excretion of nutrients will expand. Precision medicine will be extended to precision nutrition. There will be more focus on the effects of nutritional disorders and dietary treatment on the emotional status and quality of life of people with kidney disease and their families. Nutritional centers that provide centralized nutritional assessment and dietary counselling for CKD patients may develop in more urban centers. More clinical trials will be conducted to test whether nutritional management improves clinical outcomes in people with kidney disease. It is hoped that the foregoing comments will encourage more research on these topics.
Data from Breast Cancer Index Is a Predictive Biomarker of Treatment Benefit and Outcome from Extended Tamoxifen Therapy: Final Analysis of the Trans-aTTom Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>AbstractPurpose:<p>The Breast Cancer Index (BCI) <i>HOXB13/IL17BR</i> (H/I) ratio predicts benefit from extended endocrine therapy in hormone receptor–positive (HR<sup>+</sup>) early-stage breast cancer. Here, we report the final analysis of the Trans-aTTom study examining BCI (H/I)'s predictive performance.</p>Experimental Design:<p>BCI results were available for 2,445 aTTom trial patients. The primary endpoint of recurrence-free interval (RFI) and secondary endpoints of disease-free interval (DFI) and disease-free survival (DFS) were examined using Cox proportional hazards regression and log-rank test.</p>Results:<p>Final analysis of the overall study population (<i>N</i> = 2,445) did not show a significant improvement in RFI with extended tamoxifen [HR, 0.90; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.69–1.16; <i>P</i> = 0.401]. Both the overall study population and N0 group were underpowered due to the low event rate in the N0 group. In a pre-planned analysis of the N<sup>+</sup> subset (<i>N</i> = 789), BCI (H/I)-High patients derived significant benefit from extended tamoxifen (9.7% absolute benefit: HR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.14–0.75; <i>P</i> = 0.016), whereas BCI (H/I)-Low patients did not (−1.2% absolute benefit; HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.76–1.64; <i>P</i> = 0.581). A significant treatment-to-biomarker interaction was demonstrated on the basis of RFI, DFI, and DFS (<i>P</i> = 0.037, 0.040, and 0.025, respectively). BCI (H/I)-High patients remained predictive of benefit from extended tamoxifen in the N<sup>+</sup>/HER2<sup>−</sup> subgroup (9.4% absolute benefit: HR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.15–0.81; <i>P</i> = 0.047). A three-way interaction evaluating BCI (H/I), treatment, and HER2 status was not statistically significant (<i>P</i> = 0.849).</p>Conclusions:<p>Novel findings demonstrate that BCI (H/I) significantly predicts benefit from extended tamoxifen in HR<sup>+</sup> N<sup>+</sup> patients with HER2<sup>−</sup> disease. Moreover, BCI (H/I) demonstrates significant treatment to biomarker interaction across survival outcomes.</p></div>
Dark Academia: Curating Affective History in a COVID-Era Internet Aesthetic

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Dark academia is an ‘internet aesthetic,’ an aesthetic style used in posts on platforms such as TikTok, Instagram, and Tumblr that resonates the atmosphere of life in boarding schools, prep schools, and (Ivy League) colleges from the last decades of the nineteenth century up until the 1940s. It expresses a fascination with (neo-)gothic architecture; with tweed, lace, wool, and leather; with literature and art, and Romantic longing. Having been a main trend on social media platforms throughout the coronavirus pandemic, dark academia captures and facilitates cultural engagement in times of social isolation and closed college campuses. This article studies the dark academia aesthetic as a mnemonic curatorial practice with tendencies to counter hegemonic norms and narratives. Focusing on the affective dimensions of dark academia, this article argues that the aim of this internet aesthetic is to annul historical distance by capturing a mood and atmosphere associated with early twentieth-century campuses through the means of curated social media representations. This de-historicization allows for the renegotiation of values, like inscribing queerness – associated with secret queer romantics at gender-divided schools – into its representational language, without having to reassert historical gender binaries.
Single Night Surveys of Moth Communities Can Serve as Ultra-Rapid Biodiversity Assessments

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Biodiversity conservation decisions are typically based on limited data and resources. For this reason, there is great interest in surveying taxa that may allow for a rapid assessment of the biodiversity at a site. Numerous taxa have been proposed and utilized for rapid assessments that allow for such a survey in a matter of weeks or less. Herein, we test the idea that nocturnal moths have many of the characteristics that make them ideal for such surveys, such as relative ease of identification, strong ecological association with specific plant species and habitats, high alpha diversity, extended seasonal activity, and ease of trapping. We demonstrate that even in a few hours of sampling during single night surveys, moth communities are predictive of regional forest types at sampling sites in New Jersey. We sampled moths in five different forest habitats in New Jersey, USA: Pine Barrens, Upland Deciduous Forest, Palustrine Deciduous Forest, Maritime Forest, and Ruderal/Disturbed Forests, at four sites per forest type. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analyses revealed that moth communities differ significantly across these four forest types (p < 0.01). We used Analysis of Similarity (ANOSIM) R tests to quantify the degree of differentiation among moth communities, and found that Tortricidae (R = 0.657) and Geometridae (R = 0.637) predict forest communities nearly as well as the total moth diversity (R = 0.668). Uncommon species (R = 0.665) were better predictors than common species (R = 0.500). Host plant generalists (R = 0.654) were better predictors than specialists (0.538), which was a surprising find.
Bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy for treating patients with advanced RET+ non-small cell lung cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

8647 Background: RET inhibitors (RETi) are currently the preferred first-line treatment in advanced RET fusion-positive (RET+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Despite impressive efficacy of RETi, resistance is inevitable, and the optimal therapy beyond RETi remains unclear. Immunotherapy has shown limited efficacy in these patients. This study aims to investigate the impact of adding bevacizumab to chemotherapy regimens on treatment outcomes. Methods: This multicenter, retrospective study included patients with RET+ advanced NSCLC who received either a platinum-doublet chemotherapy (D) (+/-anti-PD-L(1) agents (ICB)) or a non-platinum monotherapy (M), with or without bevacizumab (Bev). Non-platinum agents were limited to pemetrexed, paclitaxel, or docetaxel. Only the first administration of the regimen was considered. Objective responses (OR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) from the start of treatment were compared between patients receiving and not receiving Bev. Results: Of 185 patients, 20 received Bev in doublet chemotherapy (D+Bev, none with ICB) and 165 did not (D, 68 with ICB). Additionally, 40 underwent single-agent chemotherapy, with 8 on Bev (M+Bev) and 32 without (M). D+Bev patients were younger (median age: 54 vs. 61 years, p=0.026), less often treated with RETi (55% vs. 79%, p=0.023), with no other demographic or disease-related group differences. Both D+Bev and D had a median of 1 treatment line [IQR 1-1]. M+Bev and M had a median of 3 and 2 treatment lines, respectively (p=0.3), and numerically more M+Bev patients had brain metastases (25% vs. 13%, p=0.6). In the D+Bev vs D (+/-ICB) comparison, the OR was 55% vs 47% (p=0.7), and the median PFS was significantly longer in the D+Bev group (17 months vs. 8.8 months, p=0.018). When comparing D+Bev with D+ICB, D+Bev still showed a significant advantage in median PFS (17 months vs 9.7 months, p=0.05). The median OS was 51.4 months for D+Bev compared to 38.7 months for D (p=0.89). Multivariate analysis revealed that Bev use was independently associated with longer PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.4, p=0.01), while ECOG>1 (HR 4.3, p<0.0001) and male sex (HR 1.7, p=0.01) were associated with shorter PFS. In the M+Bev versus M group, the OR was 13% versus 25% (p=0.6), median PFS was 2.4 months versus 4.1 months (p=0.06), and median OS was 12.1 months versus 39 months (p=0.06). Conclusions: Bevacizumab with platinum-doublet chemotherapy seems to outperform platinum-doublet with or without ICB in progression-free survival. Prospective research is needed to evaluate the extent of bevacizumab's benefit for RET+ NSCLC.
Criticism of CPM for Project Planning Analysis

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Published criticism in recent years concerning the inadequacy of Critical Path Method (CPM) as a project planning tool is identified and grouped under six major headings with reference to the publications in which the criticism were contained. These are answered from the writer's field experience and from experiences published by other authors. The object of the analysis is to see whether or not CPM as a project planning tool can meet the required functions of planning in construction, including consideration of legal and contractual framework and the complex and interdisciplinary nature of the project environment. The analysis reveals that, despite numerous criticism, project and construction planning should be done using CPM scheduling. Main factors affecting successful planning are realistic estimation of the productivity of crews in the context of expected job‐management efficiency conditions, and inclusion of sufficient time buffers between dissimilar trades. CPM is found to be equally useful as a planning tool for linear or repetitive projects. The limitations of this technique are identified in terms of the defined planning functions in the engineering phase of capital projects. A broad model for management of the engineering phase in revenue‐generating projects is suggested.
Investigation on the Medicinal Plant Resources of Li Minority in Baoting County,Hainan Province

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An investigation was taken on wild medical plants resources in Nangeng and Chaoba village which are Li minority in Baoting county,Hainan province.The investigation shows that there are 225 species(186families,83 genera) of vascular plant,including 6 species(6 families,6 genera) of fern,2 species(2 families,2 genera) of gymnosperm and 217 species(75 families,178 genera) of angiosperm.It contains 13 species of Hainan endemic species(Cycas hainanensis C.J.Chen、Cyclea hainanensis Merr.、Stephania hainanensis H.S.Lo et Y.Tsoong.、Firmiana hainanensis Kosterm.、Nephelium topengii(Merr.)H.S.、Dalbergia odorifera T.Chen etc.),7 species of national protected plants(Cyathea podophylla(Hook.) Cop.、Euphoria longan(Lour.)Steud.、L.chinensis Sonn.var.cuspontanea Hsue etc.),5 species of protective plants in Hainan province(Cratoxylon ligustrinum(Spach.)Bl.,Amesiodendron chinense(Merr.)Hu,Euphoria longan(Lour.)Steud.,Litchi chinensis Sonn.,Nephelium topengii(Merr.)H.S.etc.) and 15 species of folk medicines which are not recorded in documents or were not further studied before(Casearia membranacea Hance,Mukia javanica(Miq.) C.Jeffrey,Trichosanthes bracteata Voigt etc.).After analyzed the families and genera's characteristics of the medicinal plants resources of Li minority in Baoting county,the results show that those medical plant resources distribution is more centralized in families(Papilionaceae,Euphorbiaceae,Compositae,Zingiberaceae,Verbenaceae,Rutaceae,Saplandaceae,Umbelliffrae and Rubiaceae etc.) but is comparatively scattered in genera(only 30 genera have 2 and more than 2 species in 186 genera).
Pansharpening Scheme Using Bi-dimensional Empirical Mode Decomposition and Neural Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The pansharpening is a combination of multispectral (MS) and panchromatic (PAN) images that produce a high-spatial-spectral-resolution MS images. In multiresolution analysis–based pansharpening schemes, some spatial and spectral distortions are found. It can be reduced by adding spatial detail images of the PAN image into MS images. In the convolution neural network– (CNN) based method, the lowpass filter image extracted by the CNN model when MS and PAN images are directly applied into the input. The feature values are very high and reduce the conversion efficiency. In the proposed scheme, bi-dimensional empirical mode decomposition is used to extract the spatial detail information of the PAN image to reduce the feature values of the input. This extracted PAN image information is applied to the CNN to produce the non-linear changes in the image pixels and transformed into the perfect spatial detail image. It identifies the spatial and spectral detail quantity for the proposed scheme and it also varies with the different datasets automatically of the same satellite images. Simulation results in the context of qualitative and quantitative analysis demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed scheme applied on datasets collected by different satellites.