jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Design and simulation of sun position sensors for space applications: A comparative study

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Sun position sensors are used in space applications as part of the attitude determination and control system. The aim of this work is to describe the design process of single and dual axis sun position sensors based on a photodiode array detector and a window to limit and direct the light that reaches the detector. The design process involves choosing the sensor architecture, modeling its output, and then evaluating the model through simulation. Six architectures, with different configurations and geometries for both the detector and window, were modeled and compared. To evaluate the model and performance of the sensor, a program was developed, and simulations were made varying the window height and size as well as the photodiode size. From the simulations performed, we concluded that for each design, the key factors that influence the sensitivity and field of view performance are the window height and window or photodiode size, depending on the sensor configuration. From the comparison across architectures, the detector configuration, as well as the window geometry, influences the sensitivity and linearity of the response for similar conditions of operation. The two-quadrant detector configuration offers a better sensitivity than the triangular photodiode configuration. For a better linearity of the output, a square window is preferred. This comparative study is part of the development of new products for space applications by the National Atomic Energy Commission and contributes to the Argentinian National Space Plan.
Success and failure of conventional and laparoscopic fundoplication in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND:Twenty-four-hour pH monitoring is an investigation technique that can give both false-positive and false-negative results, depending on patient factors such as diet and different activities. The aim was to study the reproducibility of 24-h oesophageal pH monitoring under as standardized conditions as possible in patients with symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.METHODS:Antimony pH electrodes were used in 22 adult patients who were investigated twice, 6 weeks apart, under identical conditions. They were hospitalized and were served a standardized diet which had been tested to contain no lower than pH 5.0. Neither coffee nor smoking was allowed. The patients had to refrain from proton-pump inhibitors for 10 days and H2 blockers for 2 days prior to the investigation. The paired t test was used.RESULTS:There was no significant difference in total reflux time, upright or supine reflux time, or longest reflux periods between the two test occasions. However, there were discordant results in six patients who had normal total reflux time on one test occasion but pathological results on the other.CONCLUSION:Since the biological variability of gastro-oesophageal reflux is not negligible from time to time, a normal 24-h oesophageal pH test should be assessed with caution.
Perceptions and Misperceptions Regarding the Unqualified Auditor's Report by Financial Statement Preparers, Users, and Auditors

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

SYNOPSIS U.S. and international auditing standard setters continue to raise questions about standard auditors' reports and are exploring alternatives to those reports. Government agencies and professional organizations are also raising questions about the auditor's report. These questions point to a continued existence of an “audit expectation gap.” To investigate perceptions and misperceptions regarding the auditor's report, we conducted focus groups with five different stakeholder groups—financial statement preparers (CFOs), users (bankers, analysts, and non-professional investors), and external auditors. This approach allows detailed comparisons between the perceptions of the different stakeholder groups affected by the auditor's report. Findings include that financial statement users value the audit, but do not read the entire auditor's report. It is not clear to users, preparers, and auditors what the auditor's report is intended to communicate or the level of assurance being provided by the report. Stakeholders offered numerous suggestions to improve the auditor's report, but they also recognize those suggestions could significantly change the auditor's risk profile and increase audit fees. We suggest future research to determine if potential changes to the auditor's report would change users' behavior and if any resulting benefits outweigh the additional risks and costs.
Elliprhagio Han & Cai & Ren & Wang 2019, gen. nov.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Genus Elliprhagio gen. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 18DC6062-EF6F-40E8-901B-733F227C0CEE Type species. Elliprhagio macrosiphonius sp. nov. Diagnosis. Flagellum with 10 flagellemeres; proboscis long, labium fleshy, labella small. Wings elliptic and wide; R 2+3 sinuate at the middle, and sharply up-curved distally; crossvein r-m intersecting the upper margin of d cell at basal one third (1/3); four medial veins present, bM 3 and dM 3 straight; anal cell closed before wing margin. Midtibiae with 1 spur. Etymology. From “ ellip- ”, which means elliptic and genus Ragio, referring to the elliptic wings. Gender: masculine. Remarks. Among the snipe flies from the Daohugou locality, the new genus is most similar to Trichorhagio Zhang, 2013 in appearance, especially in venation and body configuration. But they can be distinguished by elliptic wing (vs. triangular wing in Trichorhagio), and the equal length of bM 3 and dM 3 (vs. the bM 3 longer than dM 3). The similar long mouthparts and elliptic wing also present in two other genera Protorhagio Rohdendorf, 1938 and Palaeoarthroteles Kovalev & Mostovski, 1997, which have also been found from the Daohugou. In Protorhagio, costal section between Sc-R 1 is obviously longer than that between R 1 -R 2+3, while not distinct in Elliprhagio. Elliprhagio is distinguished from Palaeoarthroteles (Kovalev & Mostovski 1997; Zhang J. 2011) by the configuration of anal cell being closed (vs. open in Palaeoarthroteles); up-curved R 2+3 at the middle (vs. almost straight R 2+3); straight bM 3 and dM 3 (vs. curved bM 3 and S-shaped dM 3 in Palaeoarthroteles); costal section of R 1 -R 2+3 slightly shorter than Sc-R 1 (vs. costal section of R 1 -R 2+3 no shorter than Sc-R 1 in Palaeoarthroteles) and mesotibiae with 1 apical spur (vs. 2 spurs in Palaeoarthroteles). Moreover, the genus Sinorhagio Zhang, Yang & Ren, 2006, and some species of Palaeobolbomyia (Kovalev 1982; Zhang 2010) in the same locality also possess elliptical wings resembling Elliprhagio. But Sinorhagio can be separated by their straight R 2+3, long R 4 and R 5 branches, and long and narrow d cell. Although Palaeobolbomyia resembles the new genus with similar R 2+3, they can be separated by the absence of M 3 in the former. Comparing with genera from other localities, the genus Orsobrachyceron Ren, 1998 from Liaoning (China) also has similar long proboscis and venation as those of the Elliprhagio gen. nov., but differs from Elliprhagio in the M 3 and M 4 strongly converged to a point at the margin of wing and cell cu closed without a short petiole apically. The other two genera Palaeobrachyceron Kovalev, 1981 and Jurabrachyceron Kovalev, 1981 from the Transbaikalia (Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous) show some similarities in the elliptic wings and configurations of venation with Elliprhagio. However, they can be separated by their configuration of M 3 and M 4: bM 3 much shorter than dM 3, and M 3 parallel to M 4. In addition, Palaeobrachyceron has an extremely long and straight R 5 that is distinctly different from the new genus.
DataSheet_1_The staging performance of a modified tumor-node-metastasis staging system incorporated with lymphovascular invasion in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.docx

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background<p>Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is recognized as an unfavorable prognostic factor for many solid tumors. However, its staging value has not been adequately illustrated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).</p>Methods<p>The clinicopathologic relevance and prognostic impact of LVI were retrospectively analyzed in 822 patients with surgically treated ESCC. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the independent prognostic factors. Subgroup analyses stratified by pathological stages, nodal status and invasive depth were conducted using Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test. Multiple staging models based on overall survival (OS) were constructed using Cox regression and evaluated by Harrell’s concordance index (C-index), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and net reclassification index (NRI).</p>Results<p>LVI was detected in 24.6% of ESCC patients, and its prevalence increased with a higher pathological stage (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, LVI was found to be an independent prognostic factor for OS [Hazard ratio (HR) = 1.545, 95% CI, 1.201–1.986), and was associated with unfavorable outcomes in stage I to III ESCC, regardless of nodal status and invasive depth. The staging model that incorporated LVI as an independent factor achieved the greatest improvement in accuracy (ΔC-index: 2.9%), and the greatest added value (IDI 2.8%, p < 0.01; NRI 13.7%, p < 0.05) for prediction of OS in ESCC patients.</p>Conclusions<p>LVI can facilitate further survival stratification in ESCC patients. The adoption of LVI as an independent staging factor in the current cancer staging system should be considered and further validated.</p>
Factors Associated with Dysfunctional Low Back Pain in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background:An estimated one-tenth of the population suffered from Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), the most prevalent chronic inflammatory arthritis.The purpose of this study is to identify the risk factors for dysfunctional low back pain in RA patients, as well as to examine the relationship between these variables and the severity, activity, and clinical symptoms of the illness.Methods: This study included 40 RA patients and 40 age and sex matched healthy individuals with low back discomfort.All patients were subjected to back examination, assessment of RA disease activity using the disease activity score (DAS28), clinical assessment of RA disease severity using RA severity score (RASS) and the modified Larsen score (MLS).Structural radiographic changes were evaluated by plain radiograph and magnetic resonance image (MRI) on lumbar spine.Results: RA patients had higher DAS, visual analogue score (VAS), RASS, increased Platelet count, low Hemoglobin percentage and total leukocyte count, vertebral endplate and/or facet erosion, disc bulge and disc prolapse in MRI of the back which are linked to dysfunctional lower back pain.Conclusion: Radiological lumbar abnormalities, particularly lumbar spondylolisthesis, are common among RA patients.Furthermore, despite the fact that LBP in RA patients was effectively managed, the activity of daily living may be more influenced by LBP, which was higher among patients with active disease status.These findings show that RA patients' lumbar therapy should focus on disease management as well.
A Concise Approach for the Synthesis of the ABCD Ring System of Alpkinidine

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A two step synthesis of a benzo analog of alpkinidine is described via Negishi coupling followed by a base mediated annulation reaction strategy. The organozinc compound prepared from ethyl 2‐iodobenzoate was coupled with 4‐chloro‐2‐methyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1 H ‐pyrrolo[3,4‐ c ]quinolin‐1‐one to obtain ethyl 2‐(2‐methyl‐1‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1 H ‐pyrrolo[3,4‐ c ]quinolin‐4‐yl)‐benzoate which on further treatment with a base provided ABCD ring system of alpkinidine.
P-314 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-RATED HEALTH AND OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENTS

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Self-rated health is a subjective assessment of one’s own health status. The previous studies have shown that it is an antecedent factor of mortality, morbidity and falls in older people. However, the relationship between self-rated health and the occurrence of occupational accidents is not clear. This study aims to investigate the relationship between self-rated health and occupational accidents. Methods The study design was a prospective cohort study with a baseline survey in March 2022 and a follow-up survey one year later. The independent variable was self-rated health at baseline, classified into five categories. The dependent variable was the occurrence of occupational accidents from baseline to follow-up, classified into two categories: “none” and “more than once”. We examined the relationship between self-rated health and occupational accidents using logistic regression analysis. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of UOEH. Results Among 16,629 workers, self-rated health was “bad/very bad” (n=662); “rather bad” (n=2,507); “rather good” (n=6,564); “good” (n=5,399); and “very good” (n=1,497). Compared to “bad/very bad” group, the odds ratios of each group were 0.69 (95%CI, 0.56-0.86), 0.40 (0.33-0.49), 0.29 (0.24-0.36), and 0.29 (0.22-0.38), respectively. Discussion The lower self-rated health, the more likely the worker was to have an occupational accident. This may be because physical and psychological problems cause a decline in workers’ ability to concentrate and make good decisions, leading to unsafe actions. The results of this study suggest the need for comprehensive measures to prevent occupational accidents, including the health status of workers. Conclusion Self-rated health influences the occurrence of occupational accidents.
Phospholipase A2 and Ischemic Stroke Etiology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), which is involved in the inflammatory atherosclerotic process, has emerged as an independent risk factor for atheromatous vascular events. Its impact on coronary disease has already been demonstrated, however, its influence in cerebrovascular etiology is still unknown. We aimed to observe and describe the potential association between Lp-PLA2 levels and the etiologic subtype of ischemic stroke. Methods: Unicentric, observational, and prospective cohort study of consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke, admitted in a comprehensive stroke center. Patients with incomplete investigation or coexisting causes were excluded. Lp-PLA2 was dosed in peripheral blood between day 3 and 14 postevent with “Lp-PLA2-SNIBE” kit. Statistical significance was set for P <0.05. Results: A total of 96 patients were enrolled, with mean age of 75.31±11.88 years, 41 males (42.7%); 12.5% with lacunar stroke, 16.7% atherothrombotic, 46.9% cardioembolic, and 24% embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS). The level of Lp-PLA2 was different between etiologies ( F =2.982, P =0.035), being lower in ESUS (143.3±42.8 ng/mL). There were no significant associations with previous vascular risk factors, history of ischemic stroke and modified-Rankin scale (mRS) score 3 months postevent. In ESUS patients, Lp-PLA2 was not associated with cervical ultrasound findings or frequent supraventricular extrasystoles. Conclusions: Lp-PLA2 levels are different between etiologic subtypes of ischemic stroke, being lower in ESUS patients. The results of this study reinforce the existence of distinct pathophysiological mechanisms in patients with ESUS. Multicenter clinical trials with larger sample sizes are needed to clarify the role Lp-PLA2 on the etiology of stroke.
In Situ Gelling Behavior and Biopharmaceutical Characterization of Nano-Silver-Loaded Poloxamer Matrices Designed for Nasal Drug Delivery

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A combination of Poloxamer 407 (P407) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) hydrosols is proposed as an in situ thermo-gelling vehicle for the nasal drug delivery of chlorhexidine–silver nanoparticles conjugates (SN-CX). Optimization of the formulation was carried out by applying varying ratios of P407 and HPMC in the presence and absence of SN-CX so that gelation would occur in the temperature range of the nasal cavity (30–34 °C). Mechanisms for the observed gelation phenomena were suggested based on viscosimetry, texture analysis, and dynamic light scattering. Tests were carried out for sprayability, washout time, in vitro drug release, ex vivo permeation, and antimicrobial activity. When applied separately, HPMC was found to lower the P407 gelation temperature (Tg), whereas SN-CX increased it. However, in the presence of HPMC, SN-CX interfered with the P407 micellar organization in a principally contrasting way while leading to an even further decrease in Tg. SN-CX-loaded nasal formulations composed of P407 16% and HPMC 0.1% demonstrated a desired gelation at 31.9 °C, good sprayability (52.95% coverage of the anterior nasal cavity), mucoadhesion for 70 min under simulated nasal clearance, expedient release and permeation, and preserved anti-infective activity against seasonal Influenza virus and beta-coronavirus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and other pathogens. Our findings suggest that the current development could be considered a potential formulation of a protective nasal spray against respiratory infections.
Epigenetic analysis of a single DNA molecule by microfluidic device with quantum dot

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We report a rapid and simple epigenetic analysis ba sed on microfluidic single DNA molecular methylation detection. We developed a microfluidic device to stretch a single DNA molecule and subsequent detection of a methylated DNA base by quantum dot (QD)-immobilized methyl binding domain (MBD) protein. A QD-MBD complex specifically bound to a methylated base of stretched DNA and was detected by a total internal reflection fluorescence microsco pe (TIRFM). Our method enables us to detect a number of methylation sites and identify the positions methylated simult aneously in the simple and rapid manner compared with the conventional methods.
Mathematical Students' Satisfaction with Semester and Annual Service Quality

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study explores the motivational factors influencing students' decision to major in mathematics at the higher secondary level. The study had two main goals. First, it wanted to understand why students choose to study math as their main subject. Second, it aimed to see how students who are studying math in higher secondary school approach their studies. Employing a qualitative case study approach, the study involves one mathematics teacher and a purposive sample of six males and six female students. Direct interviews with both the teacher and students were conducted, supplemented by classroom observations on two separate occasions during regular teaching sessions. The collected data were analyzed using a theoretical and conceptual framework developed by the researcher. Findings regarding the motivational factors influencing students' choice to major in mathematics reveal several key themes. The result shows how both personal interests and outside factors like job opportunities and teachers' influence affect why students choose math. Also, it talks about how students work hard at math by practicing, self-study, and discussing with others. Understanding these reasons and methods can help schools teach math better and get students more interested and skilled in it. So, creating a good learning atmosphere and using effective teaching methods are really important for helping students do well in math in high school.
A HIGHPRESSUREFLOWING OILSWITCHFOR GIGAWATT, REPETITIVEAPPLICATIONS*

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Table1. Parametric description oftheUMC test stand. |r,- ~~~~~The pulse generator usedfortesting thehighpressure Cathodef& j switch concept underrepetitive pulse conditions isa4.8 < J)C ~~~~~~Q, 70nswater pulse forming line (PFL). Thewater PFL ispulse charged toamaximumof-300kV in2.5gs
Total phenolics, antioxidant, and physical properties of red chili peppers ( Capsicum annum L.) as affected by drying methods

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) is a popular spice, and its use has increased significantly in recent years, particularly in Western countries. Our objectives were to evaluate the effect of hot-air (60°C), vacuum, infra-red, and freeze-drying on the quality of dried chilies. Physico-chemical properties evaluated were total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant properties (ABTS+, FRAP, DPPH), instrumental color (L*, a*, and b* values), total color difference (ΔE), browning-index (BI), bulk-density, and texture. The TPC values of dried chilies varied from 498.40 to 528.07 mg GAE/g, db. The DPPH and ABTS+ values (µmol TE/g, db) ranged between 184.00 (infra-red) to 195.56 (hot-air) and 167.13 (freeze) to 181.30 (vacuum), respectively, with no significant differences across drying methods (p > 0.05). Freeze- and vacuum-drying retained significantly higher (p < 0.05) FRAP values (155–158 µmol TE/g db) than hot-air or infra-red drying. There were no differences in Hunter color L* and b* values, however, vacuum- and freeze-drying retained higher color a* values (44.38–44.48) than hot-air dried sample (36.59). The ΔE and American Spice Trade Association (ASTA) values were not different across drying methods (p >0 .05), whereas the BI values were lower in freeze-dried chilies. These findings highlighted the importance of optimizing drying techniques to maintain the quality and marketability of chili peppers.
Cisterna Magna Cyst-Reply

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In Reply.—

The case report by Alker et al (Archives36:376-379, 1979) of a symptomatic space-occupying cyst in the region of the cisterna magna leaves several unanswered questions and leads to some speculation. 1. Why was a computerized tomography study, including sagittal reconstruction, not performed? My colleagues and I had shown1that sagittal reconstruction would differentiate a cyst of the cisterna magna from a Dandy-Walker cyst or variant. An air study would be unnecessary. 2. Did this patient have a history of delay in acquisition of motor milestones, or macrocephaly? 3. The authors clearly defined the asymmetry of occipital bone thinning, the neurological signs and symptoms, and the unilateral pressure effect on the right inferior aspect of the cerebellum at the time of operation. They demonstrated a unilateral posterior fossa cyst that filled with isotope injected into the lumbar thecal space. My colleagues and I believe that there are three types of
Shear capacity of a reinforced concrete frame joint subjected to arbitrary horizontal loading

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Earthquake action is multi-dimensional and random. The anti-seismic capability of beam–column joints in reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures under arbitrary horizontal direction loading may be lower than the design capability for unidirectional earthquake actions. To date, detailed calculation methods for the shear capability and shearing performance of joints in RC frames under arbitrary horizontal direction loading have not been reported. For this reason, in this work, the shear mechanism of beam–column joints in an RC frame under arbitrary horizontal direction loading is analysed. This study shows that two oblique compression zones form at the corners of the joint when a synthetic shear force is imposed on the joint, and an oblique compression strut is formed in the core area of the joint, which is different from the shear mechanism of a joint under unidirectional loading. Furthermore, a shear capacity calculation model is established based on the strut-and-tie model. The predicted values of the shear capability in this work are in good agreement with the reported experimental results.