jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Crowding at the frontier: boundary spanners, gatekeepers and knowledge brokers

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose – This paper aims to contribute to defining the concepts of boundary spanner, gatekeeper and knowledge broker. Design/methodology/approach – A review of the literature covering more than 100 sources. Findings – A review of past research leads to proposing a set of new definitions and also to the detection of six research avenues. Originality/value – The ability of organizations to recognize, source and integrate key information or knowledge is important for their strategy, innovation and performance over time. Three types of individuals have information gathering and knowledge dissemination roles at the frontier of organizations and groups: boundary spanners, gatekeepers and knowledge brokers. Although research on these individuals is well-developed, we found that in practice, the definitions of the concepts overlap and still need a clarification. So far, no systematic comparison of these roles has been undertaken.
Exogenous xylanase improves growth, protein digestibility and digestive enzymes activities in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, fed different ratios of fish meal to sunflower meal

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A 3 × 2 factorial experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of different ratios of fish meal (FM): sunflower meal (SFM) with or without exogenous xylanase supplementation on growth, feed utilization, digestive enzymes activities, apparent digestibility, intestinal and liver morphology and chemical composition of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Three isonitrogenous (329.80 g/kg of crude protein) and isoenergetic (18.46 MJ/kg gross energy) experimental diets were formulated as SFM1 (FM:SFM = 2:1), SFM2 (FM:SFM = 1:1) and SFM3 (FM:SFM = 1:2) based on protein content. Each diet was supplemented with 0 or 0.5 g/kg of exogenous xylanase and was fed to triplicate groups of twelve fish (with initial weight, 1.31 ± 0.02 g) for 84 days. After 84 days of feeding period, the highest weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency, protein productive value and the best feed conversion ratio were recorded in fish fed either SFM1 or SFM2 supplemented with exogenous xylanase. Whereas lowest growth performance was recorded in fish fed SFM2 and SFM3 un-supplemented with xylanase. The highest activities of chymotrypsin, trypsin, lipase, amylase, alkaline phosphatase and cholecystokinin were observed in fish fed SFM1 and SFM2 diets supplemented with xylanase. The highest ADCs of dry matter, protein, lipid and digestible energy were recorded in fish fed SFM1 and SFM2 diets supplemented with exogenous xylanase. Supplementation of exogenous xylanase improved muscularis mucosa thickness, height of mucosal folds and enterocytes of intestinal fish. Addition of exogenous xylanase increased the calcium and phosphorus retention. Results of this study indicated that the addition of exogenous xylanase to diet containing high inclusion level of sunflower meal improved growth, digestive enzymes, nutrient digestibility, histological morphometric of liver and intestine and nutrient retention.
MOESM8 of Mechanistic insight in the selective delignification of wheat straw by three white-rot fungal species through quantitative 13C-IS py-GC–MS and whole cell wall HSQC NMR

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Additional file 8: Figure S4. HSQC NMR spectra of fungal-treated wheat straw. Cs12 (a, b), Pe3 (c, d), Pe6 (e, f) Le8 (g, h) Le10 (i, j). a, c, e, g, i: Aliphatic (δC/δH 50–90/2.5–6.0) region, b, d, f, h, j: aromatic/unsaturated (δC/δH 90–160/6.0–8.0) region. Structures of annotated correlation peaks are presented in Fig. 5. Gmod and Smod are presented in a lighter color of G and S, respectively. Carbohydrate and unassigned signals are presented in gray. u: unassigned signal overlapping Aα/A′α.
Ezilmiş Libya hurmasının su soğurma eşsıcaklık eğrileri.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

water sorption isotherms of destoned and ground saiadey Jaul type dates were obtained at 30,40.50 C.using the gravimetric methods.Data were analyzed by applying the GAB,BAT ,Smith,Iglesias and Chrife,Halsey ,Henderson and Oswin Models.Isosteric heat of sorption value was calculated using the Clausius-Clapeyron Equation and tried to be as afunction of moisture content of dates. It was found that the experimental data fitted well to ,smith ,I glesias and Chirife ,Halsey, Henderson and Oswin equation, which are suitable for high sugar foods.Isosteric heat of sorption for dates varied from 0,9 to - 1,84 KJ/mol as moisture content changed from 11,0 to 18,0%.
Simple synthesis of (E) and (Z)-2-(arylmethylidene)-N-phenyl succinimides via Wittig olefination by using PS-TPP resin

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

PS-Triphenylphosphine resin has been used in the Wittig reaction to prepare (E)- and (Z)-2-(arylmethylidene)-N-phenylsuccinimides. PS-TP phosphoranylidene-N-phenylsuccinicimide has been obtained from PS-TPP and N-phenylmaleimide. The Wittig reaction of stabilized PS-TPP ylide with an aromatic aldehyde produced the (E)-alkene as the major product, isolated in high yields by simple filtration of PS-resin, from the reaction mixture. The better stabilized PS-TPP succinic anhydride does not react in the same conditions.
Chemical Compounds from Seaweeds on the Tropical Coast of Brazil

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Seaweeds have been explored by humans for thousands of years as a source of chemical compounds. This study describes the content of minerals, ash, carbohydrates, protein, lipids, and main metabolites of dichloromethane / methanol extracts of the seaweed Ulva lactuca, Padina gymnospora, Palisada perforata and Gelidiella acerosa from sandstone reefs on the Brazilian tropical coast (Pernambuco, Northeastern of Brazil). The content (% dry weight) of carbohydrates ranged from 14.35-48.52, proteins 7.49-14.98, total lipids 0.40-8.92, and ash 18.51-37.02. The concentration (mg kg dry algae-1) of Ca (900-3468), Mg (1655-4902), K (810-1707), Na (1062-4580), Mn (19-4462), and Cu (3.6-6.4) were maximum in Palisada and minimum in Padina. In turn, the lowest and highest contents (mg kg dry algae-1) of Fe (100-2312), Zn (18-43), and Cr (0.08-0.93) were recorded in Gelidiella and Ulva, respectively. Neophytadiene was the major compound. Phytol and palmitic acid were found in all seaweeds, although in low quantities. Palisada had the highest contents (% dry weight) of metabolites (neophytadiene: 23.89, phytol: 8.29; palmitic acid: 8.32), while Ulva had the lowest, except phytone, which was present only in this species. Our findings highlight the potential of these macroalgae from the coastal reefs as a source of chemical compounds.
Osmotic Regulation in Mosquito Larvae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The processes of osmotic regulation in the larvae of Aedes aegypti and of A. detritus have been studied by determination of the freezing-point of samples of fluid collected from different parts of the gut. In A. aegypti, kept in fresh water (its normal environment), the fluid passing down the intestine to the rectum is isotonic with the haemolymph. In the rectum it becomes strongly hypotonic before being eliminated. In A. detritus, kept in sea water (its normal environment), the opposite process is observed, the fluid in the rectum becoming hypertonic to the haemolymph and approximately isotonic with the external medium before being eliminated. In A. detritus, which is able to live in dilute media as well as in sea water, the only two specimens from fresh water available for examination were found to have the rectal fluid hypotonic to the haemolymph. The ability of A. detritus, not possessed by A. aegypti, to produce an hyper-tonic fluid in the rectum is tentatively associated with a region in the anterior part of the rectum and lined with an epithelium distinctly different from that in the remainder of the rectum. This anterior region has not been found in A. aegypti.
<i>In Situ</i> Doping Strategy for the Preparation\nof Conjugated Triazine Frameworks Displaying Efficient CO<sub>2</sub> Capture Performance

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An <i>in situ</i> doping strategy has been developed\nfor the generation of a novel family of hexaazatriphenylene-based\nconjugated triazine frameworks (CTFs) for efficient CO<sub>2</sub> capture. The resulting task-specific materials exhibit an exceptionally\nhigh CO<sub>2</sub> uptake capacity (up to 4.8 mmol g<sup>–1</sup> at 297 K and 1 bar). The synergistic effects of ultrananoporosity\nand rich N/O codoped CO<sub>2</sub>-philic sites bestow the framework\nwith the highest CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption capacity among known porous\norganic polymers (POPs). This innovative approach not only enables\nsuperior CO<sub>2</sub> separation performance but also provides tunable\ncontrol of surface features on POPs, thereby affording control over\nbulk material properties. We anticipate this novel strategy will facilitate\nnew possibilities for the rational design and synthesis of nanoporous\nmaterials for carbon capture.
Use of informal coercion in community mental health care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background/Objectives: Coercion usually has been equated with legal detention. Many ‘voluntary’ patients however perceive their community mental health care as coerced. The MacArthur study in the US indicated that up to half of public mental health patients had experienced pressures to comply with treatment (‘leverage’). It is not clear if equivalent high levels of informal coercion are present elsewhere apart from in the USA. We aimed to establish if this was so in England, how it might vary between different clinical groups and how they viewed it.
Earthworm (Lumbricidae) survey of North Dakota fields placed in the U.S. conservation reserve program

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT: Twenty-three field sites in North Dakota, where highly erodibte soil is placed under permanent vegetation in the U.S. Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) from five to eight years, were surveyed for the presence or absence of earthworms. Soils were sampled to determine chemical and physical properties, and soil cores were collected to estimate earthworm populations. Earthworm species identified at 12 CRP sites were Aporrectodea tuberculata (Eisen), Aporrectodea trapezoids (Duges), Aporrectodea caliginosa (Savigny), Dendrobaena octaedra (Savigny), and Lumbricus rubellus (Hoffmeister). Sites with earthworms were associated with organic matter levels of greater than 2.5%. Sand content of the 11 sites without earthworms averaged 67% (±13), and the soil usually contained what appeared to be sharp shiny crystals or grains that might not be ideal for earthworm survival. Dendrobaena octaedra and Lumbricus rubellus were found at sites with the highest soil organic matter and nitrate-N levels plus low sand percent. Soil P, K, pH and EC levels were not related to the presence or absence of earthworms in these CRP sites. Total earthworm population estimates from five CRP sites averaged 6.3 million ha−1 (±4.7), with adults, juveniles, and cocoons at 0.6 (±0.4), 4.5 (±3.1), and 1.2 (±2.0) million ha−1, respectively. Earthworm populations along a 90-meter transect from the edge of the CRP field were similar when averaged over the five sites. An estimate of population at the other seven earthworm sites was not possible because environmental stress as earthworms tended to migrate only to areas in the field where taproot plant species were located. The presence of wetlands or tree habitat in these CRP fields could not be used as criteria for determining the presence of earthworms.
The Hanford Openness Workshops: Fostering Open and Transparent Long-Term Decision Making at the Department of Energy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Openness is critical to long-term cleanup and stewardship of former nuclear weapons manufacturing facilities. Openness is especially challenging in such facilities because a culture of secrecy has dominated them since the earliest days of nuclear weapons development. This paper describes a multi-year effort at the Hanford Site called the Hanford Openness Workshops. The Workshops were convened to address and resolve issues impeding the availability and understanding of information important to public health, the environment, and decision–making. Lessons from the workshops can improve dialogue about nuclear waste cleanup and long-term stewardship among regulators, decision makers, stakeholders, and Tribes.
Drug-induced liver damage with cholestasis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The liver is the main organ responsible for the biotransformation and elimination of drugs, and therefore its function is often impaired by different medications. In this article, the authors inform practical health care professionals about the possible liver damage with cholestasis caused by drugs (DILI). Most often, DILI is caused some antibacterial drugs, steroids, barbiturates and some other drugs. DILI has no pathognomonic clinical manifestations. tte scientific literature describes both an asymptomatic increase of “liver” enzymes and the development of acute liver failure. Important diagnostic methods are the collection of anamnesis (especially the medicinal one), analysis of blood biochemical tests, and data from visual diagnostic methods. If the patient has DILI, it is necessary, whenever possible, to stop intake of a drug. ttere are no specific drugs recommended for pharmacotherapy of DILI but there is some the positive effect of ademetionine and ursodeoxycholic acid. ttere are no specific preventive measures for DILI. Healthcare practitioners are recommended not to use drugs off-label, optimize pharmacotherapy and fight with polypharmacy, monitore biochemical tests regularly etc.
Effects of calcium salt and IGF -I infusion on calcium kinetics and bone parameters in growing rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Calcium is the major cation of bone mineral, the process of skeletal development and remodeling is inherently related to calcium metabolism. Kinetic modeling enables the rapid assessment of changes that occur associated with age, therapeutic intervention. Therefore, calcium metabolism was investigated using kinetic analysis in rats via several independent studies. First, calcium absorption from two different calcium salts, calcium ascorbate and calcium acetate, was compared. As measured by femur uptake, fractional calcium absorption from calcium ascorbate was substantially higher than that from calcium acetate (70% ± 5 vs. 45% ± 5) on a 25 mg test load. To further confirm this observation, a metabolic study was conducted. Four groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 10/group) received oral or intravenous doses of 25 mg Ca as calcium ascorbate or calcium acetate. Each dose contained 25 μCi 45Ci. Sequential blood, urine and fecal samples were collected over 48 hours. Data was analyzed by compartmental modeling. Results of kinetic analysis demonstrated that the higher absorption of calcium ascorbate was due to a longer residence time in the gut. Secondly, the effect of Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) on calcium metabolism in growing rats was examined using the same kinetic model. IGF-I is an important mediator during pubertal skeletal growth, and has been considered as a potential treatment for osteoporosis. Measurement of bone quality and calcium metabolism were first determined in rats from age 6 weeks to 31 weeks in order to determine the timing for IGF-I intervention. Human recombinant IGF-I/IGFBP-3 complex was chronically infused into female rats at two different ages: 6 and 9 weeks of age, representing early puberty and young adulthood in humans. After 4 weeks of treatment, body weights of IGF-I treated rats were higher than control rats. Femoral calcium content was also significantly higher in IGF-I treated pubertal rats, 493 ± 42, compared to control rats, 368 ± 24 mg calcium/g ash weight. Kinetic analysis revealed the treatment resulted in higher intestinal calcium absorption and faster calcium clearance from the circulation in pubertal rats. However, the IGF-I treatment failed to alter calcium metabolism in young adult rats.
Sobre la posición taxonómica de Abax sexualis (Fairmaire, 1881) y Abax pyrenaeus montserratensis Mas de Xaxars, 1915 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Pterostichini)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The holotype of Abax sexualis Fairmaire, 1881 has been studied from the only specimen collected by Fairmaire and its synonymy with Abax pyrenaeus spp. pyrenaeus Dejean, 1828 is established. The typical series of Abax pyrenaeus v. montserratensis Mas de Xaxars, 1915 has been located, and its consideration as a variety of the typical subspecies is reaffirmed. Likewise, the lectotype male and the parallelectotypes male and female are designated. All specimens of both taxa are deposited in the collection of the Museum of Natural Sciences of Barcelona.
A reciprocal antagonism between miR‐376c and TGF‐β signaling regulates neural differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Differentiation of neural lineages from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) raises the hope of generating functional cells for the treatment of neural diseases. However, current protocols for differentiating hPSCs into neural lineages remain inefficient and largely variable between different hPSC lines. We report that microRNA 376c (miR‐376c) significantly enhanced neural differentiation of hPSCs in a defined condition by suppressing SMAD4, the co‐SMAD for TGF‐β signaling. Downstream, SMAD4 directly bound and suppressed PAX6, the critical neural lineage specification factor. Interestingly, we also found that SMAD4 binds and suppresses miR‐376c clusters in undifferentiated hESCs. In summary, our findings revealed a reciprocal antagonism between miR‐376c and SMAD signaling that regulates cell fate during human neural differentiation.—Liu, J., Wang, L., Su, Z., Wu, W., Cai, X., Li, D., Hou, J., Pei, D., Pan, G. A., reciprocal antagonism between miR‐376c and TGF‐β signaling regulates neural differentiation of hPSCs. FASEB J. 28, 4642–4656 (2014). www.fasebj.org
Knockdown of lncRNA HCP5 Suppresses the Progression of Colorectal Cancer by miR-299-3p/PFN1/AKT Axis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Ni Bai, Ying Ma, Jia Zhao, Bo Li Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Xi’an Centre Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710003, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Bo LiDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Xi’an Centre Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, 161 Xi Wu Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710003, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail yo1124yo@163.comBackground: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive system. The lncRNA HCP5 has been reported to affect the progression of tumor in several types of cancer. Here, in this research, we focus on the role and function of lncRNA HCP5 in human colorectal cancer.Materials and Methods: Tissue samples from colorectal cancer patients were used for detecting the expression of HCP5 by qRT-PCR. Proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptotic cells were assessed by CCK-8, colony formation, transwell assays and flow cytometry in SW480 and HCT-116 cells. The interactions between miR-299-3p and HCP5 or PFN1 were analyzed and confirmed by online database and luciferase reporter assays. The changes in PFN1 and AKT proteins were measured by Western blot. In vivo experiment was used to confirm the role of HCP5 in CRC.Results: The expression of HCP5 had a higher level in colorectal cancer samples and cells by qRT-PCR, comparing with the normal colorectal tissues and human normal colon epithelial cell. It was revealed that knockdown of HCP5 inhibited viabilities, migration and invasion, while inducing apoptosis in SW480 and HCT-116 cells. Then, HCP5 negatively regulated the expressions of miR-299-3p, which negatively regulated the expressions of PFN1 by targeting PFN1. Furthermore, miR-299-3p inhibitor could alleviate the inhibiting effect by si-HCP5 on cell process of SW480 and HCT-116 cells. In addition, the lncHCP5/miR-299-3p/PFN1 axis could affect the progression of CRC through activating the AKT signaling. Last, we confirmed that knockdown of HCP5 inhibited the progression of CRC with an in vivo experiment.Conclusion: The experiments and analyses support our hypothesis that knockdown of lncRNA HCP5 suppresses the progression of colorectal cancer by miR-299-3p/PFN1/AKT axis.Keywords: lncRNA HCP5, miR-299-3p, PFN1, AKT, human colorectal cancer
Emission from cooling supernova shocks in MHD simulations

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Each supernova (SN) injects ∼ 10 51 erg into the interstellar medium (ISM). The blast wave shocks the gas and heats it up to 10 7 K; the gas subsequently cools by emitting radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum. Typically, about 70% of the initially injected SN energy is lost by radiative cooling. Thus an understanding of the radiative losses is needed to understand the evolution of supernova remnants, and to allow for comparisons between simulations and observations. We present a post-processing module for the FLASH code which calculates the cooling radiation from shock-heated gas in different energy bands. Using modern collision excitation data from MAPPINGS V, we produce maps of the SN emission at different wavelengths, allowing for a comparison to real observations of supernova remnants (SNRs) and for testing observational diagnostic tools. Here, we focus on optical line emission arising from the interaction between the shock wave and dense gas of a nearby molecular cloud and on the use of optical line ratios for determining the shock parameters.
On Function Lattices and Commutative von Neumann Algebras

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Journal Article On Function Lattices and Commutative von Neumann Algebras Get access D. A. Edwards D. A. Edwards Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Mathematics, Volume 53, Issue 1, March 2002, Pages 19–29, https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmath/53.1.19 Published: 01 March 2002
China and North Korea: Strategic and Policy Perspectives from a Changing China. Edited by Carla P. Freeman. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. xi + 261 pp. £65.00. ISBN 978-1-137-45562-9

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

China and North Korea: Strategic and Policy Perspectives from a Changing China. Edited by Carla P. Freeman. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. xi + 261 pp. £65.00. ISBN 978-1-137-45562-9 - Volume 225
Comparison of heart disease prediction between basics and a Hybrid machine learning (ML) technique

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Heart disease is one of the main causes of death worldwide. Machine learning has been discovered tobe useful in creating predictions from massive amounts of data. We’ve also seen machine learning techniques used in recentadvances in a variety of fields such as medical, finance and even retail. In this research, we used a few traditional ML techniques which is K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Logistic Regression, and a Hybrid ML technique that combines Random Forest, SVM and K-NN. We achieved a great performance level with 63.33% accuracy rate of using the hybrid ML model in predicting heart disease. Before applying machine learning techniques, we used feature selection including BORUTA and RFE to identify the Top 10 variables from the dataset to compare with non-using feature selection to build an effective predictive model. Other thanthat, several performance metrics are used to evaluate the results.