jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analytical Method Development And Validation For Determination Of Nitrosamine Impurities N-Nitrosodibutylamine (Ndba) & Nitroso Of N-Dimethyl Erythromycin In Sertraline Hcl Drug Substance By Lc-Ms/Ms

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This work provides a thorough assessment of a method for measuring N-nitrosodibutylamine and N-nitroso of N-dimethyl erythromycin A, two substances with substantial regulatory interest because of their health hazards. The performance characteristics of the method were thoroughly investigated through a series of experiments, including standard solution analysis, quantitation and detection limit determination, linearity assessment, precision testing at various levels, and accuracy evaluation via recovery studies. The findings demonstrate that the technique performs exceptionally well in terms of linearity, accuracy, and precision over a broad range of concentrations. The results indicate that the suggested approach has the potential to accurately quantify these chemicals in a range of sample matrices, making it a useful tool for regulatory compliance and quality assurance in associated industries.
AVOPARCIN AS A GROWTH PROMOTANT FOR TURKEY BROILERS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An experiment was conducted to test the effectiveness of the antibiotic avoparcin as a growth promotant for turkey broilers. Avoparcin at 10 ppm had no significant effect on mortality, efficiency of feed conversion or percentage grade A carcasses but liveweights at 70 and 98 days were significantly greater than those fed diets without avoparcin.
An Adaptive Robust Framework for Model-Based State Fault Detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract — A goal in many applications is to combine apriori knowledge of the physical system with experimental data to detect faults in a system at an early enough stage as to conduct preventive maintenance. The information available beforehand is the mathematical model of the physical system and the key issue in the design of model-based fault detection is the effect of model uncertainties such as severe parametric uncertainties and unmodeled dynamics on their performance. This paper presents the application of a nonlinear model-based adaptive robust state fault detection that combines on-line parameter adaptation with robust filter structures to reduce the extent of model uncertainty to help in the improvement of the sensitivity of the fault detection scheme to faults. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed scheme in the early and reliable detection of incipient faults. I.
Adefovir: FDA committee votes against approval. Food and Drug Administration.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The FDA's Antiviral Drugs Advisory Committee voted against approval of adefovir dipivoxil (Preveon) for treating HIV. Although adefovir seems to have modest antiretroviral benefit, there is a risk of serious kidney toxicity in long-term use. Adefovir appears to be far more active in treating hepatitis B than HIV.
‘America’ as a Thought Experiment

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Tocqueville described his visit to America in 1833 as a second discovery of that world.1 He spent 286 days in the New World and then wrote the two volumes which form the greatest anthropological essay on a civilization that we possess. Yet before briefly outlining his findings and hypotheses, we need to be clear about two things. The first is that the two volumes of his Democracy, as many Tocqueville scholars have observed, are really very different works. He should really have called them something like 'America', and 'Democracy' to prevent confusion.2 In the following account, for brevity and coherence, I will treat them together, though not only time but shifting intentions made them feel very different.
Breakage of DNA and alterations in folded genomes by inducers of differentiation in Friend erythroleukemic cells.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Friend erythroleukemia cells are induced to differentiate when treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and a number of other structurally unrelated agents, some of which are also known to alter the structure of DNA. In order to determine whether DMSO was responsible for DNA damage, the properties of [ 3 H]thymidine-labeled DNA from untreated cells and cells treated with DMSO were compared on alkaline sucrose gradients. Criteria for DNA degradation were: ( a ) an increase in the radioactivity of slowly sedimenting approximately 17S DNA, ( b ) a decrease in the amount of radioactivity in the heavy, major approximately 140S peak, and ( c ) a shift in the position of the heavy peak to a lower S value. Increasing damage was found with increasing doses of DMSO. The earliest change, which was detected at 3.5 hr, was an increase in radioactivity in the 17S peak. Therefore, breaks in DNA were detected prior to the stimulation of globin messenger RNA and hemoglobin synthesis. Other potent inducers, such as butyrate, caused similar DNA degradation. Agents that cause breaks in DNA (X-ray, bleomycin, and UV) also were found to stimulate partial erythrodifferentiation in these cells. “Folded genomes” were prepared from 24-hr control and DMSO-treated cultures labeled with either [ 3 H]- or [ 14 C]thymidine, respectively. Cosedimentation of these labeled folded genomes revealed a decrease of approximately 10% in the S value of the DMSO-treated samples as compared to the control. Reverse labeling, in which control samples contained 14 C and the DMSO samples contained 3 H, gave similar results. These changes are consistent with the accumulation of single-stranded nicks in the DNA of the folded genomes. Therefore, single-stranded scission in DNA may be an early step in the control of differentiation.
Clinical analysis of 96 cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment by encirclement buckling procedure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To study the effect of bucking in the treatment of retinal detachment.Methods 96 cases of retinal detachment were selected,among these 68 cases used buckling without drainage of subretinal liquid,while 28 cases with drainage of subretinal liquid.Results In the operations of buckling without drainage one operation success rate was 91.18%.In the operations of buckling with drainage one operation success rate was 82.15%.In the 11 cases that were not cured,five cases were cured by secondary operation,the total rate was 93.75%.Six cases were cured by vitretomy with injection of C 3F 8.Conclusion The buckling operation is the most widely used method to treat common retinal detachment with a cure rate of more than 90%.
S-Nitrosylation of Paraxonase 1 (PON1) Elevates Its Hydrolytic and Antioxidant Activities

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Covalent binding between nitric oxide (NO) and a protein’s free thiol group (SH) is termed protein S-nitrosylation. Protein S-nitrosylation is involved in cellular regulation mechanisms that underlie a wide range of critical functions, such as apoptosis, alteration of enzyme activities, and transcription-factor stability. Impaired protein S-nitrosylation is associated with a growing list of pathophysiological conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, multiple sclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, and sickle cell disease. The enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1) binds to high-density lipoprotein to provide many of its antiatherogenic properties. The enzyme has a strong antioxidant capacity, which protects fats, lipids, and lipoproteins from oxidation, in addition to breaking down oxidized fats. We investigated the effect of S-S transnitrosylation on PON1 activities. Incubation of recombinant PON1 (rePON1) with nitrosylated human serum albumin (HSA-NO) resulted in S-nitrosylation of about 70% of the rePON1, as measured by Q-TOF LC/MS. S-nitrosylation significantly increased rePON1 hydrolytic activities. It also increased rePON1’s ability to inhibit low-density lipoprotein oxidation induced by Cu2+. Finally, it increased the enzyme’s penetration into macrophage cells by 31%. Our findings suggest that S-nitrosylation of rePON1 improves its biological functions which may positively affect atherosclerosis disease progression.
CAoSLEFGMVFpcE01RlJOYVU2aDVQR2tpeWtPTXNoN0Q4bkowanZhQ3UtTTlQcENa-240

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Source: GoogleStreetViewStatic 4DCity URL: https://4dcity.org/imgupload/1653147437.595.jpg Original Image URL: https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?pano=CAoSLEFGMVFpcE01RlJOYVU2aDVQR2tpeWtPTXNoN0Q4bkowanZhQ3UtTTlQcENa&heading=240&fov=120&size=1200x1200&key=AIzaSyBjhzVSplTwzFdSsgSFCLpVrd3Wkdmx_GA Image-Metadata:Filename: 1653147437.595.jpgImage Dimensions: 640x640Megapixels: 0.41 MPFilesize: 60.34 KB
Calcineurin-phospholipid interactions. Identification of the phospholipid-binding subunit and analyses of a two-stage binding process.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Photoaffinity labeling of calcineurin by 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-N-(4-azido-3-[125I]iodo-2- hydroxybenzoyl)ethanolamine resulted in preferential labeling of its regulatory B subunit. Photolabeling of B was greatly enhanced by Ca2+ which further supports the hypothesis that the phospholipid-binding site of calcineurin is located on this Ca2(+)-binding subunit. Extending the time of incubation of calcineurin with the photoprobe prior to photolysis also elevated labeling of the B subunit, probably as a result of time-dependent changes in protein conformation. Support for these conformational changes was obtained when time-dependent preincubation of calcineurin with acidic phospholipids enhanced subsequent tryptic degradation of its B subunit. Activity measurements and analyses of the reversibility of phospholipid-binding provided evidence for a two-stage mechanism of calcineurin-phospholipid interactions. Initial binding of calcineurin to phospholipids is rapid, Ca2(+)-sensitive, reversible, and leads to stimulation of the phosphatase toward a number of its substrates. A subsequent slow phase strengthens the association and appears to correlate with the phospholipid-promoted conformational change of the B subunit; the corresponding time-dependent effects on enzymatic activity are, again, substrate-dependent.
Prey‐Dependent Cell Size In A Protozoan Predator*

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SYNOPSIS. the cell size of Didinium nasutum was found to be dependent on the size of the Paramecium species available as prey. Didinium feeding on P. tetraurelia averaged 5.6 × 10 5 μm 3 . the cell volume of Didinium increased with increasing prey size for the 5 prey species tested, to 9.1 × 10 5 μm 3 for Didinium feeding on P. caudatum. Didinium nearing a cell division ranged in size from 8.6 × 10 5 μm 3 on P. tetraurelia to 12.9 × 10 5 μm 3 on P. caudatum. the range in cell volume is such that Didinium feeding on P. caudatum are larger than the size at which Didinium divide when feeding on P. tetraurelia. This morphologic plasticity in cell volume allows Didinium to exploit a wide size range of Paramecium species as prey. It is proposed that the size of a Didinium may have profound effects on its ability to encounter and capture prey of different sizes.
Activation of Non‐Enzymatic Antioxidants by Lepidium sativum L. Exposed to Hg During Assisted Phytoextraction

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This study focuses on the physiological response of Lepidium sativum L. to Hg and/or nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) during soil reclamation. Greenhouse experiments are conducted in soil contaminated with Hg to final concentrations of 10 or 100 mg kg −1 . The influence of Hg and NTA is studied on the growth of L. sativum L. and the activation of its non‐enzymatic antioxidant system, including generation of ascorbic acid (AA) and tocopherols (TOCs). The results shows that Hg is accumulated by L. sativum L. in its aboveground tissues, but increased lipid peroxidation and H 2 O 2 formation in the plant shoots, which is a symptom of oxidative stress. Plants exposed to Hg produced increasing amounts of AA and TOCs to protect their cells from oxidative damage. Application of NTA to polluted soil did not show any toxic effects on L. sativum L. growth or physiological processes. Amendment of polluted soil with NTA significantly increased Hg accumulation in the aerial tissues of L. sativum L., resulting in decreased soil contamination. The use of NTA can therefore be considered for use in assisted phytoextraction of Hg contaminated soil.
India and the Ganga Waters Treaty: Analysis of the Water Sharing Mechanism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

India and Bangladesh share 54 rivers between them. Notwithstanding, the Ganga Waters Treaty (GWT) 1996 remains the sole water-sharing mechanism that specially focuses on the sharing of Ganga water during lean season. According to the GWT 1996, Farakka would be the water distribution point between the two countries. The present study is based on 10 years of flow data (2012–2021) of river Ganga at the point of Farakka. The flow data analysis reveals that the sharing of water between India and Bangladesh is in accordance with the formula laid down in the GWT 1996. The analysis further shows that India has received less quantum of water as compared to the historical average (1949–1988) given in the GWT 1996 for almost one-third of the 10-day intervals. The trends in water availability significantly confirm that India, an upper riparian, has mostly managed to ensure the required flow level at Farakka. According to the results of the study, four-fifths of the treaty period witnessed a higher quantum of water at Hardinge Bridge in Bangladesh as compared to the flow released at Farakka. This indicates that despite fluctuations in flow availability, India has largely managed to uphold the treaty mechanism.
Polydopamine Linking Substrate for AMPs: Characterisation and Stability on Ti6Al4V

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Infections are common complications in joint replacement surgeries. Eradicated infections can lead to implant failure. In this paper, analogues of the peptide KR-12 derived from the human cathelicidin LL-37 were designed, synthesised, and characterised. The designed antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) were attached to the surface of a titanium alloy, Ti6Al4V, by conjugation to a polydopamine linking substrate. The topography of the polydopamine coating was evaluated by electron microscopy and coating thickness measurements were performed with ellipsometry and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The subsequently attached peptide stability was investigated with release profile studies in simulated body fluid, using both fluorescence imaging and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Finally, the hydrophobicity of the coating was characterised by water contact angle measurements. The designed AMPs were shown to provide long-term bonding to the polydopamine-coated Ti6Al4V surfaces.
Right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction with the Labcor® stentless valved pulmonary conduit

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract OBJECTIVES The right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction is a common necessity in congenital cardiac surgery. As homograft availability is limited, alternatives need to be evaluated. The Labcor® conduit consists of a porcine tricomposite valve assembled inside a bovine pericardium tube. This study presents intermediate-term results for its utilization for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction. METHODS Labcor conduits were implanted in 53 patients (February 2009–July 2016). We analysed perioperative data, freedom from conduit failure and risk factors for conduit dysfunction. RESULTS The most common diagnosis was Tetralogy of Fallot (n = 20, 37.7%). The median age at surgery was 10.0 [interquartile range (IQR) 4.9–14.3] years. Pulmonary artery plasty (n = 37, 69.8%) and augmentation of the right ventricular outflow tract (n = 16, 30.2%) were often part of the procedure. The median conduit size was 21 (range 11–25) mm. There was no in-hospital death. The median follow-up after surgery was 4.6 (IQR 3.4–5.6) years. Fourteen patients (27.5%) developed conduit failure with stenosis being the main cause. Freedom from conduit failure was 98.0% at 2 and 80.5% at 5 years. The median longevity of the conduit was 7.4 years (95% confidence interval 5.1–9.8 years). Younger age and smaller conduit size were related to conduit failure. CONCLUSIONS Utilization of the Labcor conduit revealed acceptable intermediate-term results. The conduit appeared to be functioning sufficiently well within the first 5 years in the majority of patients. The higher rate of failure concerning smaller conduits might be associated with somatic outgrowth; however, conduit degeneration as common and long-term outcome still needs to be evaluated.
Exploring how demographic, adjustment, and online learning readiness related factors shape international students’ online learning anxiety: a hierarchical regression analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Online education transforms many aspects of teaching and learning in higher education. International students studying abroad already face considerable stress and negative emotions, and the transition to online learning can further intensify their learning anxiety. This study systematically investigated the factors associated with international students' online learning anxiety by integrating demographic, adjustment, and online learning readiness-related factors. A sample of 380 Chinese students studying in South Korea was investigated. A three-step hierarchical multivariate regression revealed that doctoral students demonstrated significantly lower learning anxiety levels compared to freshmen. Adjustment-related factors explained significant additional variance in online learning anxiety, with length of stay, social support and language proficiency emerging as significant predictors. Online learning readiness-related factors were found to be the most powerful predictors in explaining learning anxiety, with self-directed learning, learner control, computer/internet self-efficacy and online communication self-efficacy being significant predictors. The findings were discussed, and future research implications were suggested.
Molecular Structures of p-Methylsulphonylbenzoic Acid and Methylphenylsulphone: Comparison of X-Ray and Electron Diffraction Results

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The molecular structures of p-methylsulphonylbenzoic acid and methylphenylsulphone have been accurately determined by X-ray crystallography and gas electron diffraction, respectively. After correction for systematic effects, the geometry of the crystal molecule is seen to agree with that of the free molecule within a few thousandths of an Å unit for bond distances and a few tenths of a degree for bond angles. An exception is the S-Me bond distance, which is ca. 0.02 Å shorter in the crystal. The distortion of the benzene ring angles from 120°, an effect of the - SO 2 Me substituent, is virtually the same from both experiments
Association Between Thrombin–Antithrombin Complex and Acute Kidney Injury After Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery: A Single-Center Retrospective Observational Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Vascular endothelial damage may activate hypercoagulation and contribute to the development of acute kidney injury (AKI). This study aimed to investigate whether early alteration in coagulation was associated with AKI onset following surgeries involving cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in children. This single-center retrospective cohort study included 154 infants and toddlers who underwent cardiovascular surgery with CPB. At admission to the pediatric intensive care unit, the absolute thrombin–antithrombin complex (TAT) level in each patient was measured. Moreover, the presence or absence of AKI onset in the early postoperative period was observed. Of the total participants, 55 (35%) developed AKI. A comparison within the toddler group based on the TAT cut-off value showed that both univariate and multivariable associations were found between increased absolute TAT level and AKI onset (odds ratio, 4.70; 95% confidence interval [1.20-17.90]; P = .023). The increase in absolute TAT level in toddlers during the early postoperative period following CPB was associated with AKI onset. However, a further prospective multicenter study with a larger sample size is required for validating these findings.
Semantic model checking security requirements for web services

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Model checking is a formal verification method widely accepted in the web service world because of its capability to reason about service behaviors, at their process-level. It has been used as basic tool in several scenarios as service selection, service validation, and service composition. Furthermore, it has been widely applied to problems of security verification. The importance of semantics is widely recognized, as well. Indeed, there exists several solutions to the problem of providing semantics to web services, most of them relies on some form of Description Logic. This paper presents an integration of model checking and semantic reasoning technologies in an efficient way. This can be considered the first step towards the usage of semantic model checking in problems of security verification. The approach relies on a representation of services at the process level that is based on semantically annotated state transition systems (ASTS) and a representation of specifications that is based on a semantically annotated version of the computation tree logic (AnCTL). The proposed approach permit to perform an efficient and yet useful, semantic reasoning at process-level about web services. Indeed, this paper proves that model checking for ASTS and AnCTL is sound and complete and it can be accomplished in polynomial time.
EUS-guided Gastroenterostomy: Assessing the Competence of the Endoscopist

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Assessing competence is of utmost importance for complex EUS procedures like EUS-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) that are associated with higher risk of procedural complications. It is a matter of intense debate on what is the training needed to carry out these interventions, how to judge for competence, and who can perform these newer interventions. The procedure has several variations including the methods to identify the jejunal loops on EUS like direct puncture, balloon-assisted, and hybrid rendezvous with ultrathin endoscope. Therefore, there is lack of clarity on the role and ways of assessing the learning curve for EUS-GE. In this news and views, we are discussing two studies that assessed the learning curve for EUS-GE.