jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Did Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817 Leave Behind a Long-lived Neutron Star?

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We consider the observational implications of the binary neutron star merger GW170817, which may have left behind a rapidly rotating massive neutron star that launches a relativistic, equatorial outflow as well as a jet. We show that if the equatorial outflow (ring) is highly beamed in the equatorial plane, its luminosity can be “hidden” from view until late times, even if carrying a significant fraction of the spin-down energy of the merger remnant. This hidden ring reveals itself as a rebrightening in the light curve once it slows down enough for the Earth to be within the ring’s relativistic beaming solid angle. We compute semianalytic light curves using this model and find they are in agreement with the observations thus far, and we provide predictions for the ensuing afterglow.
Measuring Protein Structure and Stability of Protein–Nanoparticle Systems with Synchrotron Radiation Circular Dichroism

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We measure the structural and stability changes of proteins at nanomolar concentration upon interaction with nanoparticles. Using synchrotron radiation circular dichroism (SRCD), we measure a decrease of 6 °C in the thermal unfolding of human serum albumin upon interaction with silver nanoparticles while this does not happen with gold. The use of SRCD allows measuring critical parameters on protein-nanoparticle interactions, and it will provide experimental data on the relative stability of key biological proteins for nanotoxicology.
Volar transfer of the lateral band with transverse retinacular ligament is effective for the correction of swan-neck deformity caused by volar plate injury of the PIP joint

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We introduced a technique with a volar transfer of the lateral band using the transverse retinacular ligament for swan-neck deformity caused by volar plate injury of the PIP joint. A 61-year-old woman injured her 5th finger and was diagnosed with a volar plate injury of the PIP joint. She presented with snapping of the finger together with the appearance of a swan-neck deformity, and surgery was performed. Dorsally located lateral bands were transferred towards the volar aspect of the finger, and their position was maintained using the transverse retinacular ligament. Improvements in the snapping and swan-neck deformities were confirmed by intraoperative active motion of the finger. One year postoperatively, the deformity had not recurred, and there was no contracture of the finger. Surgical transfer of the lateral band using the transverse retinacular ligament is effective for swan-neck deformity caused by volar plate injury of the PIP joint.
On a portable memory device for physical activities and informations of maternal perception

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The condition of patients must be known to attending doctors for adequate management of a disease, particularly of high risk pregnancy. For this purpose, we have developed a portable computerized disease condition memory device to record the physical activities with maternal perception of fetal movement and uterine condition in daily life, both at home and during work. This device taken out by the patient is a small battery-driven CMOS 8 bit computer system (size: 107 x 80 x 30 mm, 240 g) and is equipped with push-botton switches on the upper side and a mercury switch inside it. The time of maternal perception of fetal movement and uterine contraction are recorded by the patient pressing the corresponding switch. Meanwhile the mercury switch serves as a acceleration sensor and the physical activities were measured by counting ON-OFF actions of the mercury switch caused by her movements. Consequently, the device has recorded physical activities automatically by wearing this unit all day long. The continuously recordable time is more than two weeks. The evaluation about the sensitivity of physical activity measurement has indicated that the mercury switch sensor was well related to the oxygen consumption rate in rest and mild exercise. Using this device to five pregnant women, the data showed the quantitative difference in physical activities between rest in bed and normal home life, and daily changes could be clearly observed. From these results, the physical activities and the condition of the patient in daily life can be followed by this device.
Palestinian identity: the construction of modern national consciousness

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Contrasting Narratives of Palestinian IdentityCultural Life and Identity in Late Ottoman Palestine: The Place of JerusalemCompeting and Overlapping Loyalties in Ottoman JerusalemElements of Identity I: Peasant Resistance to Zionist SettlementElements of Identity II: The Debate on Zionism in the Arabic PressThe Formation of Palestinian Identity: The Critical Years, 1917-1923The Disappearance and Reemergence of Palestinian Identity
Physiological and molecular effects of interleukin-18 administration on the mouse kidney

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background The cytokine interleukin-18 was originally identified as an interferon-γ-inducing proinflammatory factor; however, there is increasing evidence to suggest that it has non-immunological effects on physiological functions. We previously investigated the potential pathophysiological relationship between interleukin-18 and dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and suggested interleukin-18 as a possible novel treatment for not only these diseases but also for cancer immunotherapy. Before clinical application, the effects of interleukin-18 on the kidney need to be determined. In the current study, we examined the kidney of interleukin-18 knockout (Il18 −/−) mice and the effects of interleukin-18 on the kidney following intravenous administration of recombinant interleukin-18. Methods Il18 −/− male mice were generated on the C57Bl/6 background and littermate C57Bl/6 Il18 +/+ male mice were used as controls. To assess kidney damage, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were measured and histopathological analysis was performed. For molecular analysis, microarray and quantitative reverse transcription PCR was performed using mice 6 and 12 weeks old. To evaluate the short- and long-term effects of interleukin-18 on the kidney, recombinant interleukin-18 was administered for 2 and 12 weeks, respectively. Results Compared with Il18 +/+ mice, Il18 −/− mice developed kidney failure in their youth-6 weeks of age, but the condition was observed to improve as the mice aged, even though dyslipidemia, arteriosclerosis, and higher insulin resistance occurred. Analyses of potential molecular mechanisms involved in the onset of early kidney failure in Il18 −/− mice identified a number of associated genes, such as Itgam, Nov, and Ppard. Intravenous administration of recombinant interleukin-18 over both the short and long term showed no effects on the kidney despite significant improvement in metabolic diseases. Conclusions Short- and long-term administration of interleukin-18 appeared to have no adverse effects on the kidney in these mice, suggesting that administration may be a safe and novel treatment for metabolic diseases and cancer.
Design of a membrane transport protein for fluorescence spectroscopy.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

To modify the lac permease of Escherichia coli for fluorescence spectroscopy, six tryptophan residues at positions 10, 33, 78, 151, 171, and 223 were first replaced individually with phenylalanine by using oligonucleotide-directed site-specific mutagenesis. None of the tryptophan residues is critical for activity, as evidenced by the finding that the mutant permease molecules catalyze lactose/H+ symport almost as well as wild-type permease. Subsequently, a permease molecule was designed in which all of the tryptophan residues were replaced with phenylalanine. Remarkably, the lac permease harboring all six mutations catalyzes active lactose transport about 75% as well as wild-type permease. The fluorescence emission spectrum of purified wild-type permease solubilized in octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside and phospholipid exhibits a broad maximum centered at 350 nm, and the peak is almost completely absent from the spectrum of permease devoid of tryptophan. Furthermore, a new maximum centered at about 306 nm is apparent in the spectrum of the modified permease, suggesting that tyrosine fluorescence in the native protein is quenched by internal energy transfer to tryptophan residues. By using site-directed mutagenesis to replace specified residues in the molecule without tryptophan, it should now be possible to utilize tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy to study static and dynamic aspects of permease structure and function.
Efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine (Jinlong capsule) in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Jinlong capsule (JLC), a type of herbal medicine, is considered to be a promising adjuvant therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HC). Although an analysis of the published literature has been performed, the exact effects and safety of JLC are yet to be systematically investigated. Therefore, a wide-ranging systematic search of electronic databases to draw conclusions was performed. Data from 29 trials, including 2488 patients with advanced HC, were analyzed. The results indicated that, compared with conventional treatment alone, the combination of conventional treatment and JLC markedly improved overall patient response (odds ratio (OR) 2.06 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.71–2.49]; P&lt;0.00001), disease control rate (DCR) (OR 2.17 [95% CI 1.74–2.71]; P&lt;0.00001) and quality of life (QoL) (OR 2.71 [95% CI 2.05–3.58]; P&lt;0.00001), and significantly prolonged 6- (P=0.01), 12- (P&lt;0.00001), 24- (P=0.001) and 36-month (P&lt;0.0001) overall survival (OS) rates. The immune function of patients was also significantly enhanced after combined conventional therapy and JLC treatment, indicated by clearly increased percentages of CD3+ (P&lt;0.0001), CD4+ (P&lt;0.00001) and natural killer (NK) cells (P=0.0003), and CD4+/CD8+ ratio (P&lt;0.00001). The incidence of leukopenia (P&lt;0.00001), hepatotoxicity (P=0.005), and myelosuppression (P=0.0007) was lower in HC patients injected with JLC, whereas other adverse events did not differ significantly between the two groups (P&gt;0.05). In summary, results of this meta-analysis suggest that the combination of conventional treatment and JLC is more effective for the treatment of HC than conventional treatment alone.
Nanosized Carbonate-Doped TiO2–x Mesocrystals for Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Removal of Water Pollutants

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Nonaqueous sol–gel routes are considered to be effective alternatives to aqueous approaches for producing nanostructured metal oxides with desired morphologies and intriguing photo-electronic properties for harvesting and converting solar energy to alleviate serious problems of water pollution. Despite significant progress, the exploration of green and recyclable organic solvents for producing functional nanostructures of metal oxides remains a great challenge. Herein, we demonstrate that by utilizing ethyl formate, which is generally recognized as safe by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and widely employed in the food industry, as the sole solvent, nanosized carbonate-doped TiO2–x mesocrystals could be controllably fabricated via nonaqueous solvothermal reactions and subsequent calcination in air at moderate temperatures. Such a green solvent of ethyl formate could be recycled and further used at least three more times, with the mesocrystalline architecture of the precipitated anatase crystals well retained, illustrating its high effectiveness in mesocrystal production with a minimized impact on the environment. Owing to their carbonate-doped, oxygen-deficient, and mesocrystalline nature, the as-synthesized nanosized carbonated-doped TiO2–x mesocrystals exhibited strengthened light harvesting and bolstered photogenerated electron–hole separation and thus displayed a noticeable enhancement on photocatalytic activity toward the removal of the water pollutants sulfathiazole and CrVI under visible-light irradiation.
Prediction of weld toe magnification factors for semi-elliptical cracks in double T-butt joints

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study investigates on the effects of the 4 parameters – weld angle, attachment footprint width, crack depth and aspect ratio – on the weld toe magnification factor. It consists of two phases, mainly the 3-Dimensional (3-D) modeling and the development of Mk equations. Using the FEA Crack program, a half-symmetric model was created to analyze the crack at two points – crack ends and deepest point of crack- for cases with varying a, c, L and . After which, the stress intensity factor (Lee et.al, 2000) values are obtained from ABAQUS file generated and was expressed in the form of weld toe magnification factor, MK. The loading pattern was also set to be axial loading of 1 MPa. For the development of Mk equations for double T-butt joints, curve fitting software, DataFit was used to create regression models using the Mk values obtained in the earlier part of this study. The equations were chosen and used to calculate a new set of Mk values for each case. After which, comparisons with the actual data was carried out for analysis purposes. In this study, analysis between the existing solutions and the new solutions developed in this study were carried out and suitability of the equations was discussed.
Analisis Kualitas SDM dan Layanan Keagenan Perusahaan Pelayaran Nasional di Indonesia

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to analyze the quality of domestic ship agency human resources at PT PELNI (Persero) Tanjung Priok Branch using descriptive methods and quantitative descriptive analysis techniques and reliable questionnaires. The results of the research data above, namely the variable X regarding the quality of human resources owned by PT PELNI (Persero) Tanjung Priok Branch as many as 53% answered doubt, while in the Y variable regarding Agency Services for ship agency customers, 30% answered. So it can be denied that the quality of human resources affects the agency services of domestic vessels at PT Pelni (Persero) Tanjung Priok Branch. The performance of the agency service quality of PT PELNI (Persero) Tanjung Priok Branch has decreased due to the lack of expertise possessed by the employees who serve it. So that to improve the quality of the agency owned by the company, it is necessary to pay attention to things such as: Training aimed at increasing knowledge, skills and attitudes, good communication coordination between colleagues, superiors, subordinates and customers, division of job duties, speed of agency services and accuracy of reporting and Network marketing enhancement.
Community Attachments as Predictors of Local Environmental Concern

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article conceptualizes two distinct dimensions of community attachment—socially based attachment and attachment to a community’s natural environment—and examines their connections with attitudes about local environmental issues. The findings indicate that the two dimensions of attachment are distinct and relate differently to environmental concern. In cases where the social attachment dimension is a statistically significant predictor of attitudes toward local environmental issues, the issues are representative of community culture and identity or health. In contrast, when natural environment attachment is a statistically significant predictor of local environmental concern, the topics reflect issues involving resource protection. Building on the previous work of Vorkinn and Riese, this study further clarifies that community-focused factors may be more useful variables for understanding attitudes toward environmental issues than sociodemographic ones.
EFFECTS OF OVERNIGHT CAPTIVITY ON ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND CLINICAL CHEMISTRY OF WILD SOUTHERN HAIRY-NOSED WOMBATS (LASIORHINUS LATIFRONS)

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

An animal's antioxidant capacity is measured by its ability to quench reactive oxygen species (ROS). During everyday metabolism, antioxidants and ROS are in equilibrium with one another. In times of stress, an animal produces more ROS and therefore uses its antioxidant capacity more readily in order to maintain this equilibrium. When the production of ROS exceeds the antioxidant capacity, an animal will experience extensive oxidative stress, which can ultimately affect that animal's health. During experimental study of wild animals, it is often necessary to capture them for a short period of time. In order to obtain a measurement of the effects of short-term captivity on oxidative capacity in wild animals, a population of southern hairy-nosed wombats (Lasiorhinus latifrons) in Swan Reach, South Australia (34.57 degrees S, 139.60 degrees E), was studied. To assess the variation in antioxidant capacity, two assays, the ferric reducing ability of plasma and the trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, were performed. A third assay, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, was used to measure the effects of ROS. Measurements of the specific antioxidants uric acid, ascorbic acid, retinol, alpha-tocopherol, and superoxide dismutase were also performed. The biochemical parameters albumin, total protein, cholinesterase, creatinine, and urea were measured as indicators for health. Results showed a significant reduction in antioxidant capacity during the overnight period of captivity.
Anti-tuberculosis potential of bruceine: An in silico approach

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacterial enzyme pantothenate synthetase (PS) catalyzes the synthesis of pantothenate, a precursor of coenzyme A. Hence, targeting PS is a potential mechanism in the development of anti-tuberculosis drugs. Bruceine, a highly oxygenated natural quassinoid molecule, is isolated from plants of the Simaroubaceae family. The anti-tuberculosis potential of eleven bruceine (A, B, C, D, E, G, H, I, J, K and L) has been investigated by in silico approach. The molecular docking (AutodockVina) and drug-likeness (Lipinski’s rule of five) analyses identified bruceine D as a potential inhibitor. Further, it has shown six hydrogen bond interactions with the key amino acids residues of the target protein, Tyr82, His135, Lys160 and Asp161. The ring-A and -D has contributed two hydrogen bonds, while one each from ring-C and -E. The results reveal that bruceine D possesses druglikeness property and binding energy of -9.3 kcal/mol. The binding score similar to pantoyl adenylate suggests chemical modifications to enhance the protein inhibition potency. Bruceine D has a great potential to inhibit PS and could contribute to the tuberculosis drug discovery process.
Clinical Audit of Healthcare

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Clinical audit is a quality improvement tool. It comprises: measurement of performance against defined standards, reflection, the initiation of an improvement process and re-audit to show change. Audit may be used to improve healthcare quality related to: patient safety, clinical effectiveness, patient experience, timeliness, efficacy and equity. Audit criteria may be used to evaluate the structures, process or outcomes of care. Current health policy focuses on health outcomes and in particular patient reported outcome measures. Data collection requires careful attention to methodological issues including: identifying populations groups for study, sample size, coding, case mix, reporting, dissemination and change management. Ensuring and sustaining change will be enhanced by clinical champions and management buy in. Clinical audit has demonstrated the marked national variations and inadequacies in healthcare but equally it has demonstrated dramatic improvements in many aspects of service delivery and clinical practice. The lessons learnt over recent years must be built on to improve patient experience and outcomes.
Determination of Surface Water Quality for Irrigation in Dinajpur

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

A research was carried out to assess the suitability of surface water for irrigation purposes. For this reason, 56 samples of surface water were collected from each union of Dinajpur sadar upazilla, Dinajpur. The analysis was included pH, EC, TDS, Ca, Mg, S, P, Na, K, Cl- and HCO3- to evaluate the suitability of surface water for irrigation purposes. Almost all the water samples were within the recommended pH value for irrigation and a great impact on crop production. With respect to electrical conductivity (EC) samples were low to medium salinity. For total dissolved solids (TDS), all samples were considered as freshwater for irrigation. On the basis of Ca, Mg, S, P, Na, K, Cl- and HCO3- all samples could safely be used for irrigation and would not affect the soils.
Broadside Nanoantennas Made of Single Silver Nanorods

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Directional optical nanoantennas are often realized by nanostructured systems with ingenious or complex designs. Herein we report on the realization of directional scattering of visible light from a simple configuration made of single Ag nanorods supported on Si substrates, where the incident light can be routed toward the two flanks of each nanorod. Such an intriguing far-field scattering behavior, which has not been investigated so far, is proved to result from the near-field coupling between high-aspect-ratio Ag nanorods and high-refractive-index Si substrates. A simple and intuitive model is proposed, where the complicated plasmon resonance is found to be equivalent to several vertically aligned electric dipoles oscillating in phase, to understand the far-field properties of the system. The interference among the electric dipoles results in wavefront reshaping and sidewise light routing in a similar manner to the broadside antenna described in the traditional antenna theory, allowing for the naming of these Si-supported Ag nanorods as "broadside nanoantennas". We have carried out comprehensive experiments to understand the physical origins behind and the affecting factors on the directional scattering behavior of such broadside nanoantennas.