jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Morphometric Character of Horseshoe Crab (Tachypleus) at Mempawah Mangrove Park Coastal Area, West Kalimantan, Indonesia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract In Mempawah Mangrove Park (MMP) coastal area, fishers are still often catch horseshoe crabs as a bycatch. One of its genera is Tachypleus . This research aimed to assess the morphometric character of Tachypleus from MMP Coastal area, West Kalimantan. A total of 14 parameters were measured from samples that were collected using a trammel net. The sampling frequency was three times from July to September 2022. Physical and chemical parameters of the waters are also studied to support the ecological information. Two species of Tachypleus were found in these waters, i.e. Tachypleus gigas (8 males and 4 females) and Tachypleus tridentatus (6 males and 11 females). In terms of size, females were larger than males in both species. Based on morphometric comparison between females and males of T. gigas , there was a significant difference in CL/PW ratio (p<0.05). On the other hand, for T. tridentatus , the ratio of PL/OL differed significantly (p<0.05).
The effects of micronutrient-enriched media on the efficacy of Bacillus subtilis as biological control agent against Meloidogyne incognita

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita poses a serious threat to horticultural food and plantation crops. One of the effective and efficient measures to overcome this nematode is using bacteria as a biological control agent. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of Bacillus subtilis bacteria grown on media with additional micronutrients as a biological control agent for M. incognita. The test was carried out by growing bacteria in 100 mL of nutrient broth (NB) added with FeCl2, MnCl2, and CuCl2. Each type of micronutrient was administered at concentrations of 35 ppm, 40 ppm, 45 ppm, 50 ppm, and 55 ppm. As a control, NB media was used without the addition of micronutrients. The test results showed that the best performances on bacterial growth were 55 ppm MnCl2, 45 ppm MnCl2, 40 ppm MnCl2, 40 ppm CuCl2, 50 ppm MnCl2, and 35 ppm MnCl2. These six treatments were then used in an antagonism test. A total of 150 J2 M. incognita in 4 mL of suspension was put into a petri dish with a diameter of 5 cm. After that, 1 mL of each bacterial suspension was put into a petri dish following the treatment. The mortality rate of M. incognita in each treatment was 77.5% in 55 ppm MnCl2, 74.5% in 45 ppm MnCl2, 77.25% in 40 ppm MnCl2, 73.25% in 40 ppm CuCl2, 78.75% in 50 ppm MnCl2, 79% in 35 ppm MnCl2, and 53.25% in control. The same six treatments were also used to measure the chemotaxis index of M. incognita on tomato roots. Tomato seeds of the Tantyna variety were soaked for 60 minutes in a bacterial suspension grown on micronutrient-enriched media. After seven days, the tomato seed roots were removed and placed in 5 mL 20% Pluronic F-127 Gel which had been infested with 100 J2 M. incognita. After 6 hours, the number of nematodes approaching the roots was observed. The chemotaxis index in the treatments ranged from 16% to 24%, while that in the control was 33%. This study corroborates that the addition of micronutrients MnCl2 and CuCl2 to the growth medium of B. subtilis can increase antagonistic activity against M. incognita and suppress its chemotaxis response in tomato roots soaked in the bacterial suspension.
Multidisciplinary learning through collective performance favors decentralization

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Many models of learning in teams assume that team members can share solutions or learn concurrently. However, these assumptions break down in multidisciplinary teams where team members often complete distinct, interrelated pieces of larger tasks. Such contexts make it difficult for individuals to separate the performance effects of their own actions from the actions of interacting neighbors. In this work, we show that individuals can overcome this challenge by learning from network neighbors through mediating artifacts (like collective performance assessments). When neighbors’ actions influence collective outcomes, teams with different networks perform relatively similarly to one another. However, varying a team’s network can affect performance on tasks that weight individuals’ contributions by network properties. Consequently, when individuals innovate (through “exploring” searches), dense networks hurt performance slightly by increasing uncertainty. In contrast, dense networks moderately help performance when individuals refine their work (through “exploiting” searches) by efficiently finding local optima. We also find that decentralization improves team performance across a battery of 34 tasks. Our results offer design principles for multidisciplinary teams within which other forms of learning prove more difficult.
Optimized Automated Cardiac MR Scar Quantification with GAN-Based Data Augmentation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Background: The clinical utility of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiac MRI is limited by the lack of standardization, and time-consuming postprocessing. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that a cascaded deep learning pipeline trained with augmentation by synthetically generated data would improve model accuracy and robustness for automated scar quantification. Methods: A cascaded pipeline consisting of three consecutive neural networks is proposed, starting with a bounding box regression network to identify a region of interest around the left ventricular (LV) myocardium. Two further nnU-Net models are then used to segment the myocardium and, if present, scar. The models were trained on the data from the EMIDEC challenge, supplemented with an extensive synthetic dataset generated with a conditional GAN. Results: The cascaded pipeline significantly outperformed a single nnU-Net directly segmenting both the myocardium (mean Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) (standard deviation (SD)): 0.84 (0.09) vs 0.63 (0.20), p < 0.01) and scar (DSC: 0.72 (0.34) vs 0.46 (0.39), p < 0.01) on a per-slice level. The inclusion of the synthetic data as data augmentation during training improved the scar segmentation DSC by 0.06 (p < 0.01). The mean DSC per-subject on the challenge test set, for the cascaded pipeline augmented by synthetic generated data, was 0.86 (0.03) and 0.67 (0.29) for myocardium and scar, respectively. Conclusion: A cascaded deep learning-based pipeline trained with augmentation by synthetically generated data leads to myocardium and scar segmentations that are similar to the manual operator, and outperforms direct segmentation without the synthetic images.
Pharmacognostic evaluation and development of quality control parameters for Fufal (Areca nut)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Seed of Areca catechu commonly known as ‘Areca nut’ or ‘Betel nut’ belongs to Arecaceae family. It is native to Malaysia and cultivated in subtropical region of South China and India for their economically important seed crop. Areca nut is reddish to light yellowish brown, hard, ovoid, ellipsoidal or globose, internally are mottled with ruminated brownish endosperm tissue alternating with white tissue. In the Indian traditional medicine system Areca nut has been considered one of the important single drug which is therapeutically useful in a number of formulations of Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani preparation. The presence of bioactive phytochemicals in medicinal plants is mainly responsible for various pharmacological properties. It has been widely accepted that medicinal plants are safe and effective treatments for various diseases and ailments. Several pharmacological activities such as antimycotic, antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities are attributed to it. In classical literature of Unani system of medicine, Areca nut is commonly called ‘Fufal’ and considered astringent, diuretic, emmenogogue, nervine tonic. Local application is useful in acute inflammation, trachoma, sialorrhea, gingivitis and as a tonic for heart. In the current scenario, standardizing herbal materials at a rapid pace has become a major challenge due to the growing demand for herbal medicines. Although herbal drugs are generally effective, and their effectiveness can be impacted by adulteration and lack of standardization. The present study is focused on authentication of the Areca nut by developing different pharmacognostic standards such as macroscopy, microscopy, physicochemical analysis and HPTLC fingerprinting. The majority of the market sample are either contaminated by cancer-causing fungi or adulterated with harmful chemicals, pesticides, and heavy metals that known to cause several health problems on human beings. So, the drug was also evaluated for several quality parameters, like heavy metals, microbial load, aflatoxins, and pesticides. The current study data can serve as reference standards for verifying Areca nut's purity, safety, and effectiveness.
Neuropsychological assessment in mixed connective tissue disease: comparison with systemic lupus erythematosus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: The aims of the study were to assess cognitive functions (CF) in patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) and to compare MCTD patients with systemic lupus erythematosus patients with and without neuropsychiatric manifestations (NP-SLE and non-NP-SLE, respectively) in terms of CF. Methods: Neuropsychological examination was performed in 141 patients: 30 with MCTD (24 women, 6 men), mean age: 48.07 years, 37 with non-NP-SLE (36 women, 1 man), mean age: 40.76 years and 74 with NP-SLE (68 women, 6 men), mean age: 41.97 years. Neuropsychological tests and structured interview were used. Emotional state was assessed by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and clinical review. Results: We observed cognitive impairment in six MCTD patients (20%); in one (3%) the impairment was severe. MCTD patients achieved significantly higher results in seven out of 11 tests compared with patients with NP-SLE. MCTD and non-NP-SLE patients did not differ significantly. The differences were irrespective of premorbid IQ, education, disease duration and steroid treatment. Conclusions: In the majority of MCTD patients, CF were not impaired and severe impairment was unusual. Cognitive functioning was most disturbed in NP-SLE. The cognitive deficits observed in connective tissue diseases can be connected with nervous system involvement.
Effect of shear stress on orientation and migration of myoblast

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mechanical stimulation affects cell behaviors (proliferation, orientation, migration and differentiation) in vivo, and a lot of models of experiments on mechanical stimulation in vitro have been reported. The development of control technique on cell is important in the field of regenerative medicine. Recently, skeletal myoblasts have been applied for cardiac repair. In the previous study, C2C12 (mouse myoblast cell line) made orientation perpendicular to the streamlines in the donut shape flow channel. In the present study, C2C12 has been cultured in the Couette type of the shear field between the rotating disk and the stationary culture plate to study quantitatively the effect of shear stress (for 24 hours, < 2 Pa) on orientation of myoblasts in vitro. The time lapse image of myoblasts shows that C2C12 tilts perpendicularly against the flow direction at the wall shear stress of 2 Pa and that C2C12 tends to migrate to the lower wall shear stress region of 0.4 Pa.
Diagnostic Value of Circulating microRNAs in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background : Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the biological processes of cancers and are promising biomarkers of cancer diagnosis. Objectives : To estimate the diagnostic value of microRNAs in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) patients, comparing with the non-LSCC controls. Population : Six eligible LSCC studies including 1,585 LSCC patients with corresponding 2,095 non-LSCC controls from years 2000 to 2017 were analyzed. Methods : Medline, Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched in this study. We conducted a meta-analysis to identify studies that reported the diagnostic data of miRNAs both in LSCC patients and controls. I n addition, we evaluated and compared the diagnostic value of upregulated miRNAs with downregulated miRNAs . Results : Six studies with corresponding specificity and sensitivity data were included in this study. The pooled sensitivity, specificity and AUC were 0.89 (95% CI: 0.79-0.94), 0.87 (95% CI: 0.77-0.93), and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.92-0.96), respectively. However, the heterogeneities of these studies were quite high, the value of I 2 for the pooled sensitivity, specificity were 96.82% and 97.08%, respectively. Subgroup analysis of upregulated and downregulated miRNAs showed a similar diagnostic value but the heterogeneity remained high. Publication bias was found in Funnel plot of pooled and upregulated miRNAs, while not obvious in downregulated miRNAs. Conclusions : Circulating miRNAs showed diagnostic significance in laryngeal cancer, however, the results of this meta-analysis revealed significant heterogeneity. Therefore, the diagnostic value of miRNAs in LSCC seems limited.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Four species of Arctic mosquitoes (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae: Aedes).

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Four species of Arctic mosquitoes (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae: Aedes)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, https://bionomia.net/dataset/71d7e065-453c-4f28-af7d-a2052e1ca879 using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, https://gbif.org/dataset/71d7e065-453c-4f28-af7d-a2052e1ca879. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Use-History of Antibiotics as Related to Their Efficacy in Promoting Growth of Turkeys

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A NUMBER of investigators have shown that various antibiotics in the ration of young chicks and/or turkey poults result in improved growth (Almquist and Merritt, 1951; Atkinson and Couch, 1950; Branion and Hill, 1951; Dixon and Thayer, 1951; Heuser and Norris, 1952; Lillie and Bird, 1952; McGinnis et al., 1950, 1951; Runnels et al., 1951; Williams and Hill, 1952). Attempts to improve significantly growth of chicks kept in a “new” environment, not previously occupied by chicks, by the addition of various antibiotics have been unsuccessful (Coates el al., 1951; Gordon, 1952). Bird et al. (1952) showed a chick growth response to aureomycin only after three to four weeks of age in a new environment while the response to the same antibiotic was evident after one week in an old environment, Libby and Schaible (1955) and Waibel et al. (1954) suggested that the continuous use of antibiotics over a long period . . .
A needs assessment study on refugees’ inclusion through physical education and sport. Are we ready for this challenge?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In recent years, European countries have become hosting destinations for thousands of people who have been forced to leave their home countries. Greece is one of the main European hosting countries of refugees, especially children. Thus, the pupil population is gradually changing and the need for intercultural education is increasing. Physical education (PE) and sports have been recorded as suitable contexts for this process. However, there are still many challenges present in these contexts. The following study attempts to present the perceptions of PE teachers, coaches, and academics on the inclusion of refugees in PE and sports. Fifteen PE teachers/coaches and academics involved in the field of intercultural education participated in the study. A phenomenological approach was followed through semi-structured interviews. The method of thematic analysis was chosen to analyze the data. While all the participants considered PE and sports to be the most suitable contexts for the inclusion of refugees, they emphasized certain barriers to be overcome: the lack of training for PE teachers and coaches, prejudices of the parents of both natives and refugees, and refugees’ socioeconomic status and gender issues. Participants also shared their ideas for an adequate training program to improve PE teachers’ and coaches’ attitudes and promote their knowledge and skills regarding the inclusion of refugees. The participants underlined the need for intercultural education and well-structured training programs to properly manage culturally diverse environments.
Wearing the Ḥijāb: Cultural Awareness, Cross-Cultural Competence, and Interactions in an Unfamiliar Cultural Context

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter aims to analyze the relevance of cultural awareness, cross-cultural competence, and the emerging concept of cultural humility in fostering the integration of immigrants in contexts perceived as unfamiliar. The authors adopt positive organizational scholarship as their theoretical framework to highlight the conditions under which positive results are likely to emerge. The empirical research considers the experiences and perceptions of 216 veiled women in their daily interactions in the south of Italy. The general purpose is to understand if wearing the ḥijāb in a cultural context different from one's own affects the way of interacting with people in the community belonging to the dominant culture, the freedom to express their religious beliefs, and the meaning of the veil, the ḥijāb. The specific purpose is to analyze whether improvements in cross-cultural competence create positive conditions for the integration of immigrants (and their families) in their daily and work lives. Overall, this study offers a cross-cultural perspective and a dialogue on education to reinforce the notion that the efforts to integrate people with different cultural backgrounds can be effective when they learn from each other in the context in which they live.
The empowerment of Latin American women in politics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The book untitle: “The empowerment of Latin American women in politics” is integrated by three chapters. The first one covers elements related to female empowerment in politics, especifically the topics related to feminist theory and political representation. The second one deals with empowerment and political participation of women in Latin America; it highlights the status of women and their political participation as well as the influencing factors in women’s political participation. The third one transactions with neutrosophical evaluation of the political participation of women candidates and elected officials of the provincial municipality of Huamanga.
Banking on Financial Sector Sustainability Regulations

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Based on their influence as going concerns and financial intermediaries that are essential to the growth of economies, some banks, through the oversight role of their Central Banks and other regulatory bodies are seen to be adopting sustainability regulations and are beginning to address respective principles of each regulation for better performance as it relates to sustainable development. These financial sector sustainability regulations encompass issues pertaining to both banks’ operations and business activities, addressing the need for banks to engender sustainable strategies, products and services as well as practices in order to drive solutions to diverse sustainability issues which include but are not limited to climate change, environmental pollution, eco-efficiency, poverty and human rights. Financial sector regulatory authorities in China, Nigeria and Bangladesh led the way in the establishment of mandatory guidelines in 2012 although guidelines have existed since 2007 and 2011 for China and Bangladesh respectively. However, oblivious of the effect of these regulations on the performance of banks in these countries in addressing the principles of their country-specific regulation, this research, on one hand, examines the impact of the Chinese Green Credit Guidelines (GCG), Nigerian Sustainability Banking Principles (NSBP) and the Bangladeshi Environmental Risk Management (ERM) Guidelines on banks within the territory of respective regulatory establishment by carrying out empirical analysis of their annual, sustainability and corporate social responsibility reports. On the other hand, consideration is given to banks in countries similar to the aforementioned to analyze their performance in addressing the regulatory principles of their mandated peers.
Plasma from patients with idiopathic and human immunodeficiency virus- associated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura induces apoptosis in microvascular endothelial cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The pathogenesis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is obscure. It is manifested classically by platelet thrombi and localized microvascular endothelial cell (EC) proliferation, in the absence of an inflammatory response. It is statistically associated with human retroviral disease, but pathological studies of TTP lesions have been unable to establish whether perturbation of the endothelium is a primary or secondary event, irrespective of the presence of retroviral infection. We document that plasma from all of four acute TTP patients, with or without human immunodeficiency virus infection, can induce apoptosis in cultured ECs of microvascular but not large vessel origin. This process was documented by three different methods, (1) laser- illuminated light scatter, (2) quantitation of the pre-G1 Ao peak on DNA histograms and direct visualization of chromatin fragmentation by acridine orange and 4′6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, and (3) agarose gel electrophoresis of low molecular weight cellular DNA. Apoptosis was independent of tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion or the presence of CD36 on microvascular ECs but was linked to the rapid induction of Fas (CD95) on these cells. Soluble anti-Fas antibody, normal plasma depleted of cryoprecipitate, and low concentrations (< or = 0.1 micromol/L) of aurintricarboxylic acid were capable of suppressing TPP plasma-mediated EC apoptosis. In conclusion, microvascular EC apoptosis may be of pathophysiological importance in TTP may be susceptible to interruption by blockade of initiating signals for, or final common enzyme pathways leading to, programmed cell death.
[Unusual location of pleomorphic adenoma: A series of 7 cases].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The pleomorphic adenoma of atypical location is rare. The clinical presentation is variable according to the tumor site and volume. The treatment is surgical. It is based on the early and complete excision of the tumor. The histo-pathological diagnosis is made. The diagnosis differential is with malignant tumors arising on minor salivary glands. The prognosis is favorable. Nevertheless, regular and prolonged follow-up of the patients is important to watch for complications.