jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Electronic Structure of Superoxidized Radical Cationic Dodecaborate-Based Clusters

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The expanding field of boron clusters has attracted continuous theoretical efforts to understand their diverse structures and unique bonding. We recently discovered a new reversible redox event of B12(O-3-methylbutyl)12 in which the superoxidized radical cationic form [B12(O-3-methylbutyl)12]•+ was identified and isolated for the first time. Herein, comprehensive (TD-)DFT studies in tandem with electrochemical experiments were employed to demonstrate the generality of the reported behavior across perfunctionalized B12(OR)12 clusters (R = aryl or alkyl). While the spin density of radical cationic clusters is delocalized in the core region, the oxidation brings about notable gains of positive partial charges on the supporting groups whose electronics can readily tune the redox potential of the 0/•+ couple. The underlying changes of frontier orbitals were elucidated, and the resulting [B12(OR)12]•+ species manifest a general diagnostic absorption as a consequence of mixed local/charge-transfer excitations.
AI IR: Charting International Relations in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Over the past decade, rapid progress in artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed a range of areas, from medicine to strategic games and communication technologies, from art and culture to everyday office work. It would be naïve to assume that this evolution does not permeate and alter international affairs. Building on, and solidifying, a thriving yet still fragmented emerging literature on “AI IR,” this forum gathers several critical diagnoses of the way AI technologies impact on various areas of international relations. Introducing new concepts and charting emerging empirical realities, contributors explore how AI advances, such as autonomous lethal systems, synthetic imagery and text, or intelligent systems, are already creating new landscapes of violent and nonviolent international interactions. Yet, behind their distinct takes, contributions together stress the need to correctly locate and evaluate specific sites of AI impact, thus offering a nuanced appraisal scrutinizing grand declarations of an “AI revolution” in global politics.
Effects of Cathode Configuration on Hall Thruster Cluster Plume Properties

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Clusters of Hall thrusters may be used to produce electric propulsion systems capable of operating at power levels in excess of the current state of the art.One of the key factors to be considered in determining the optimum cluster architecture is the configuration of the electron-emitting cathode(s).This work presents experimentally determined plume properties and discharge current characteristics obtained with multiple thrusters coupled to a single cathode.Spatially resolved plasma density, electron temperature, and plasma potential data are presented during both singlethruster and cluster operation.Measurements taken in this configuration are compared with previously published data obtained with each thruster coupled to its own independent cathode.Critical plasma parameters in the cluster plume are shown to be strongly influenced by the location of the hollow cathode.
Enhancing Multi-Objective Machine Learning with an Optimized Lexicographic Approach: Determining the Tolerance Threshold

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Determining optimal tolerance in lexicographic multi-objective optimization is crucial for robust results. This paper introduces a machine learning algorithm that automatically sets the appropriate tolerance, optimizing the lexicographic strategy and enhancing the analysis of tolerance impact on outcomes. Applied to various datasets, our method consistently provides insights into the relationship between tolerance and model performance. Results show that automatic tolerance optimization improves computational efficiency and accuracy. These findings highlight the importance of addressing tolerance in multi-objective optimization.
Effect of Shensuyin Combined with Guizhijiahoupu Xingzitang for Chronic Asthmatic Bronchitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To observe the efficacy of shenSuyin combined with Guizhi and Houpo xingzi tang for chronic asthmatic bronchitis.Methods:The 65 cases with exacerbation of chronic asthmatic bronchitis were randomly divided into experimental group and control group: Experimental group was treated by traditional Chinese medicine:Shen Su Yin combined with Guizhi Jia Houpo xing zi tang,control group was given aminophylline tablets,Bromhexine / carbetapentane tablet.A months as a course of treatment.Results:The clinical efficacy rate of experimental group was 90.9%,75% of control group.The effect of two groups was compared,the effect of experimental group was more effective than the control group.Conclusions:Shensuyin combined with Guizhi Jia Houpo xing zi tang for chronic asthmatic bronchitis have a better effect.
The Spatial Transferability of a Decompositional Multiattribute Preference Model

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

An empirical test is made of the spatial transferability of a decompositional multiattribute preference model, in the context of spatial shopping behaviour. The model which is estimated for the city of Maastricht is used to predict shopping patterns in a part of the city of Eindhoven. The results indicate that the goodness of fit of the model reduces only slightly. This supports the assumption that decompositional preference models may be used to uncover utility or preference functions which are independent of spatial structure.
G050051 Pressure Pulsation in Piping Systems with a Discharge Opening under Water Excited by a Blower and Its Technological Application

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the pressure pulsation in piping systems with a discharge opening under water excited by a blower and its technological application. The effect of the cross-sectional area at the discharge opening was estimated experimentally. Both the pressure and the flow-rate in the piping systems were measured for various parameters such as the depth of the discharge opening, the number of revolution for the blower, and the cross-sectional area of the opening discharge. It was clarified that the amplitude of the pressure pulsation in the piping systems has the maximum value for the cross-sectional area at the discharge opening. The discharge pipe with the exhaust valve is effective against the rise of the instantaneous pressure in the piping systems.
The Case for Truly Independent EU Regulatory Authorities in the Field of Financial Regulation

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In the wake of the financial crisis, the European Union established the European System of Financial Supervision (ESFS), a ‘hub and spoke’ network of national and Union supervisory authorities, aimed at ensuring a stable and single Union financial market for financial services by linking national supervisors within a strong Union network. The ESFS is composed of three European Supervisory Authorities, as well as a Joint Committee of the European Supervisory Authorities and an European Systemic Risk Board. This article makes two arguments. The first is that the European Supervisory Authorities should be reformed. In order to work more effectively they should possess final regulatory and supervisory powers and, more generally, a higher degree of independence. The second claim is that EU Treaties allow such reforms, provided that they meet the constitutional requirements concerning the delegation of power as clarified in the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union.
Stress Intensity Factor For Dynamic Cracking Of Composite Material By X-Fem Method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The work involves develops attended by a numerical execution of the eXtend Finite Element Method premises a measurement by the fracture process cracked so many cracked plates an application will be processed for the calculation of the stress intensity factor SIF. In the first we give in statically part the distribution of stress, displacement field and strain of composite plate in two cases uncrack/edge crack, also in dynamical part the first six modes shape. Secondly, we calculate Stress Intensity Factor SIF for different orientation angle θ of central crack with length (2a=0.4mm) in plan strain condition, KI and KII are obtained for mode I and mode II respectively using X-FEM method. Finally from crack inclined involving mixed modes results, the comparison we chose dangerous inclination and the best crack angle when K is minimal.
Rapid Molecular Determination of Sex for Western North American Chub (Gila spp.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Gathering sex data is frequently a complicated matter for fish species that lack sexually dimorphic traits. Secondary sexual characteristics are cryptic or nonexistent in many minnows (Cyprinidae) during early life stages or outside of the breeding season, which may require lethal methods for determining sex. This complicates many conservation actions and population genetic studies, including (1) the development of hatchery broodstocks for threatened and endangered species, (2) sex ratio determination in wild populations, (3) the influence of sex ratio on the effective population size estimates, and (4) limitations on the implementation of genetic tagging and parentage assignment in wild populations. Here, we remedy this issue for four western North American chub species (Gila spp.) through restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing of Bonytail G. elegans, which identified a single locus indicating an XY sex determination system and no candidate loci consistent with a WZ system. This locus cross-amplified in three additional Gila species (Chihuahua Chub G. nigrescens, Virgin Chub G. seminuda, and White River Chub G. jordani), although species-specific differences necessitated the development of three novel primer/probe sets. Real-time PCR with hydrolysis probe assays was used to genotype sex-linked single-nucleotide polymorphisms for each species. The measurement of endpoint fluorescence in a real-time PCR thermal cycler allowed for rapid and accurate sex genotyping of these species, with accuracy &gt;97% relative to phenotypic sex identification when three PCR replicates were employed. These assays provided high precision, with unanimous results across &gt;87% of the replicates and a majority consensus genotype for 98.6% of the samples. The locus identified herein was conserved across all of the Gila species that we tested (n = 6) and other western North American cyprinids; however, sex-linked polymorphisms were found only in the four species that are named above. Consequently, this locus has promise for the identification and development of sex-linked assays for other Gila and closely related cyprinids.
Genes of the serotonergic and dopaminergic pathways and their interaction affect the expression of Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms in Dementia (BPSD).

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Although there is evidence for the involvement of genes of serotonergic and dopaminergic systems in the manifestation of the Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms in Dementia (BPSD), genetic association studies are contradictory. We used 1008 probable AD patients from the UK and applied a Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) approach to investigate the effect of 11 polymorphisms in the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems, on four behavioural sub-phenotypes, namely &quot;psychosis&quot;,&quot; moods&quot;, &quot;agitation&quot; and &quot;behavioural dyscontrol&quot;, as well as on 12 NPI items. Significant findings included the association of DRD1 A48G with &quot;psychosis&quot; (p=0.037), the association of DAT1 VNTR with &quot;agitation&quot; (p=0.006) and the association of DRD4 with &quot;moods&quot; sub-phenotype (p=0.008). In addition, associations were identified between DRD1 A48G and DAT1 VNTR with aberrant motor behaviour (AMB) symptoms (p=0.001 and p=0.015 respectively), between DRD4 and sleep disturbances (p=0.018) and between 5HTTLPR and apathy (p=0.033). Finally, significant interactions were observed between COMT Val158Met and 5HTTLPR with &quot;psychosis&quot; (p=0.026), between HTTLPR and STin2 with &quot;psychosis&quot; (p=0.005), between DAT1 3&apos;UTR VNTR and COMT Val158Met with &quot;agitation&quot; (p=0.0001) and between DAT1 3&apos;UTR VNTR and 5HTTLPR with the &quot;moods&quot; factor (p=0.0027). The complexity of the interrelations between genetic variation, behavioural symptoms and clinical variables was efficiently captured by this MIMIC model.
Site-based decisionmaking in the public school system: A case study of teachers in response to the implementation of a weekly "academic seminar"

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study investigated attitude changes among teachers as a result of implementation of a weekly "Academic Seminar" during the 1991-92 school year in a Washington County school. In this study, time for an on-site staff to meet was a major component of site-based decisionmaking. The school district provided time and space to allow the opportunity for staff development and professional growth. Students arrived in the buildings 40 minutes later on the day of the meeting. The agenda, which would include issues the staff, students and schools face, was to be decided by the teachers. A review of the literature showed that teacher empowerment through site-based decision making resulted in higher teacher morale and, therefore, positive effects on students and the school. A pre-seminar survey was conducted in October in the initial stage of Academic Seminar. A post-seminar survey in April determined if or how much teacher attitudes of personal and professional satisfaction had changed. Questions that were answered ' on a 5-point Likert scale by a selected teacher population from one school provided the means that served as the measurement . unit for analysis. The null hypothesis of no difference between the ' means could not be rejected at 'the .05 significance level. It was concluded that within a seven:..month period, the seminar had no significant improvement on teacher job satisfaction. The evidence indicates an effect, however. This author believes there are other factors including: finances; curriculum; time; public scrutiny; district, state, and national mandates/requirements, etc. These all may strongly influence teacher ' attitudes and job satisfaction beyond a weekly teacher/staff meeting such as Academic Seminar and could be issues for further investigation.
A semi-analytical solution for heat transport in rock with parallel fractures and a heat source in both fracture and matrix

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In this study, we propose a two-dimensional semi-analytical solution framework based on a Green’s function approach for a flexible heat source definition, including source dimensions, energy delivery strength and duration, and the presence of a heat source in the matrix and/or fracture. The solution fully accounts for heat conduction, advection, dispersion and transient heat exchange between the mobile and immobile phases in a system of parallel fractures. The solution having a strip heat source extending from a fracture into the matrix indicates that one-dimensional heat conduction in the matrix underestimates and overestimates temperature responses at early and later times, respectively. The dataset is for the figures 2-7 in the journal paper.
Morphology and Histochemistry of the Corpus Luteum (CL) of Ovaries of Pregnant and Infertile Cows

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

<p>The purpose of our study is to study the functional morphology of the Corpus Luteum (CL) of the ovaries of pregnant and infertile cows in normal and pathological conditions. For that purpose, the ovaries of cows were examined after slaughter, histological and histochemical examination of the CL was carried out. For the antemortem examination of the ovary, the biopsy method developed by us was used. The effect of the synthetic analogy of prostaglandin F2&alpha; - Klatiram was studied experimentally. It was established that the CL and luteal formations of the ovaries of those animals had significant changes in structure, which allowed us to develop morphological markers for diagnosing their morphofunctional state. It was found that the mass and size of the CL increases by two months, decreases by three months and then remain relatively stable. There is a growth of antral follicles that reach a size of more than 1 cm and then they undergo atresia of the obliteration type. The CL of the ovary cycle reaches its maximum development in the first ten or twelve days. Later, against the background of venous hyperemia and atrophic changes, it decreases, the lobulation of the parenchyma disappears and the vessels sclerose (the stage of involution). A method of biopsy of the bovine ovaries has been developed. The use of this method, with the experimental introduction of a synthetic analog of prostaglandin F2a, has proved that luteolytic processes in the CL of the ovary cycle develop due to violations of the microcirculatory bloodstream, development of necrobiotic processes in the parenchyma and stromal vascular dystrophy of the mesenchyma of the gland.</p>
The Host Protein Staufen1 Participates in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Assembly in Live Cells by Influencing pr55 Gag Multimerization

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) requires the sequential activities of virus-encoded proteins during replication. The activities of several host cell proteins and machineries are also critical to the completion of virus assembly and the release of infectious virus particles from cells. One of these proteins, the double-stranded RNA-binding protein Staufen1 (Stau1), selectively associates with the HIV-1 genomic RNA and the viral precursor Gag protein, pr55 Gag . In this report, we tested whether Stau1 modulates pr55 Gag assembly using a new and specific pr55 Gag oligomerization assay based on bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) in both live cells and extracts after cell fractionation. Our results show that both the overexpression and knockdown of Stau1 increase the pr55 Gag -pr55 Gag BRET levels, suggesting a role for Stau1 in regulating pr55 Gag oligomerization during assembly. This effect of Stau1 on pr55 Gag oligomerization was observed only in membranes, a cellular compartment in which pr55 Gag assembly primarily occurs. Consistently, expression of Stau1 harboring a vSrc myristylation signal led to a 6.5-fold enrichment of Stau1 in membranes and a corresponding enhancement in the Stau1-mediated effect on pr55 Gag -pr55 Gag BRET, demonstrating that Stau1 acts on assembly when targeted to membranes. A role for Stau1 in the formation of particles is further supported by the detection of membrane-associated detergent-resistant pr55 Gag complexes and the increase of virus-like particle release when Stau1 expression levels are modulated. Our results indicate that Stau1 influences HIV-1 assembly by modulating pr55 Gag -pr55 Gag interactions, as shown in a live cell interaction assay. This likely occurs when Stau1 interacts with membrane-associated assembly intermediates.
A hemodynamic analysis of coronary capillary blood flow based on anatomic and distensibility data

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An understanding of cardiac health and disease requires knowledge of the various factors that control coronary capillary blood flow. An analysis of coronary capillary blood flow based on a complete set of actual data on the capillary anatomy and elasticity does not exist. Previously, a complete set of data on the branching pattern and the vascular geometry of the pig coronary capillary network were obtained in our laboratory. In the present study, we obtained distensibility data on the coronary capillary blood vessels on the epicardial surface in the form of a pressure-diameter relationship using intravital microscopy. A mathematical model of the coronary capillary blood flow was then constructed on the basis of measured anatomic and elasticity data of the coronary capillary network, rheology of blood, physical laws governing blood flow, and appropriate boundary conditions. The constructed model was used to examine the heterogeneity of the spatial distribution of coronary blood flow, which is an important issue in coronary physiology. One interesting result of the model is that the dispersions of pressure and flow are significantly reduced in the presence of capillary cross-connections, and the resistance to flow is reduced as well. Finally, we found that the compliance of the epicardial surface capillary vessels is so small that its effect on the blood pressure drop is negligible in the diastolic state. However, the compliance of the intramyocardial capillaries remains unknown, and the interaction of the muscle contraction and blood vessel elasticity in systole remains to be studied.
Social Security in Britain and Certain Other Countries

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The present paper assembles some basic facts for assessing the social security system of this country. There is no absolute criterion for judging the adequacy of the provision for relieving poverty and insuring against interruption of earnings. But comparison with arrangements in certain other countries may suggest fruitful ideas for improvement. The British system of social security is at present radically different from, and the benefits provided on the whole considerably less generous than in most West European countries. In the following section we describe first the origin and main features of the British system as it has developed since the last war and then compare it with arrangements in the Common Market and certain other countries.