jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy of pelvis multiparametric MRI against CT virtual hysterosalpingography: a prospective study of tubal patency through female infertility assessment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of MRI-hysterosalpingogram (HSG) with semiquantitative dynamic contrast‐enhanced perfusion, against the virtual multislice CT hysterosalpingogram (VHSG) as a reference standard. Methods and Materials: In this prospective study, 26 women (age >18 years) searching for infertility causes and with VHSG physician request. Thereafter, the assessment performance of both techniques was determined by two reader analyses. k statistics were used for the assessment of tubal patency. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to compare the capability for tubal patency assessment between both exams on a per-patient and per-tube basis. The McNemar test was used to compare the diagnostic accuracy measures. Results: Tubal patency, uterine morphological, ovarian, and extrauterine abnormalities were evaluated through both exams in all 26 women. There was no significant difference between diagnostic performance measurements between the methods. The ROC curve of VHSG was 0.852 for both per-patient and per-tube analyses, and one and 0.938 for MRI-HSG. Sensitivity and specificity for per-patient and per-tube for VHSG were 95.2 and 97.7, 80 and 87.5%, and for MRI-HSG 100% for both analyses and 100 and 87.5%, respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the feasibility of diagnosing tubal patency through MRI, using a semi-quantitative dynamic contrast‐enhanced perfusion sequence, and the satisfactory diagnosing of the uterine morphology, ovarian abnormalities, and ovarian and deep endometriosis. Advances in knowledge: Multiparametric MRI with a perfusion real-time sequence as a HSG method can be used in the evaluation not only for uterine and ovarian abnormilities but also tubal patency.
Pancreatic Islet Blood Perfusion in the Nonobese Diabetic Mouse: Diabetes-Prone Female Mice Exhibit a Higher Blood Flow Compared with Male Mice in the Prediabetic Phase*

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The present study tested the hypothesis that changes in pancreatic islet blood flow correlate with the difference in diabetes incidence between male and female nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. The blood flows were determined by a microsphere technique. In animals aged 10 and 14 weeks, the islet blood perfusion was 3-fold higher in female NOD mice compared with that in either age-matched male NOD mice or age- and sex-matched control ICR mice. At 5 weeks of age islet blood flow was similar in all groups. No differences between male and female NOD mice in whole pancreatic, duodenal, ileal, or colonic blood flows were observed at any time point. Administration of a bolus dose of aminoguanidine (a blocker of inducible nitric oxide synthase) to 10-week-old animals selectively and markedly decreased islet blood flow in female NOD mice, whereas islet blood flow in ICR mice and male NOD mice remained unaffected. Aminoguanidine did not affect mean arterial blood pressure or whole pancreatic blood flow in any of the groups. Injection of N(G)-methyl-L-arginine, an unspecific inhibitor of both constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthase, markedly decreased whole pancreatic and islet blood flow to the same level in both male and female NOD mice. These combined findings suggest that diabetes-prone female NOD mice have an increased islet blood flow, which is mediated by an excessive production of nitric oxide formed by inducible nitric oxide synthase. The islet blood hyperperfusion may augment homing to the pancreatic islets of inflammatory cells and soluble factors involved in beta-cell destruction during the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in this animal model. The presently observed gender difference in the blood flow response could, therefore, at least partially explain why female NOD mice are more prone to develop hyperglycemia than the males.
Role of Governance and Public Trust on Government Debt-Economic Growth Nexus (A Global Empirical Analysis)

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

High government debts in several countries have the potential to trigger or exacerbate economic instability. These concerns are consistent with the results of this study, where countries that have a high debt ratio tend to have declining economic growth. To provide more understanding about this effect, this study tries to examine the effect of debt on economic growth by utilising the governance and public trust level as a contextual variable and mediator. Empirically, both variables have a prominent role in the debt and economic growth nexus. The debt threshold as a budgetary rule is necessary but might not be sufficient to validate the rationality of rising debt. The capability of government in providing public governance and the effect of additional debt on public trust is another crucial aspect that needs to be seriously scrutinised, or when the addition of debt becomes inevitable (such as in pandemic situation), the government should strengthen governance capability to ensure the productivity of debt and mitigate the decreased public trust. This finding implies that the debt policy should not only be based on budgetary rule but also the capacity of governance and the potential implication of the falling public trust.
Oral Nimodipine Given Intravenously Can Be Fatal

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Nimodipine (Nimotop) is an oral calcium channel blocker used to minimize neurologic damage after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Medication-administration errors have occurred when the drug was given intravenously or intravascularly. The administration of nimodipine intravenously instead of enterally can have serious adverse effects and can even be deadly.
Cannibalism, ritual, love and writing.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Consumption of human flesh is not a nouveau idea. The tales of cannibalistic witches and old hags intent on making a meal out of innocent children are rife within The Grimm Tales. Yet, in December 2002, Armin Meiwes shocked the world by pleading guilty to killing and eating Bernd-Jurgen Brandes. The cannibalistic act was entirely consensual and the victim, Brandes had full understanding of the events that were to unfold. In fact, Brandes had responded to an “advertisement” placed by Meiwes on an online forum “The Cannibal Café” for a blonde man of between 18 to 30 who was agreeable to being eaten and participating in the act of cannibalism. Besides the shock of discovering that the taboo act of cannibalism was performed, it was the method which it was engaged in, the consensual agreement of two adults that added to the fear factor. Marvin Harris posits that it is, “part of human nature to pay rapt attention to unusual sights and sounds such as blood spurting from wounds and loud shrieking and howling.” (156) but these events were generally associated with the unwillingness of the victim. The masochistic victim is terrifying as it defies the conventional notions of self-preservation. When a person goes beyond the expected conventions of society, such as in this case, the maverick illustrates that a greater fear lurks beyond the limits of one’s Imagination.
111 Prophylactic antiemetic therapy with dexamethasone in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective : To evaluate the effectiveness of intravenously administered dexamethasone for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods : Fifty adult patients were randomly allocated to one of the two groups, to receive either 10mg (3ml) of dexamethasone i.v. (Group A), or 3ml normal saline i.v. (Group B). Results : The results showed that 8% of the patients in the dexamethasone group compared with 40% in the saline group reported vomiting (P<0.05). The total incidence of nausea and vomiting was 16% in the dexamethasone group and 76% in the saline group (P<0.001). Conclusion : Prophylactic intravenous dexamethasone 10mg significantly reduced the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Landslide Susceptibility Zonation Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process and Information Method

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Landslide susceptibility zonation is one of the research hotspots in the field of landslide research. It is important in the process of disaster prevention and land planning. Select Wan Zhou as study area; it is one portion of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. According to existing landslide statistical data, select lithology, slope gradient, slope structure and reservoir grade as impact factors. Use analytic hierarchy process and information method to calculate weighted value of each factor respectively, and then combine them. The landslide susceptibility zonation was done by ArcGIS. This method can unite the advantages of the disaster data and expert experience. According to statistics, result accuracy rate is 90.3%.The key area of landslide disaster prevention can be obtained from the landslide susceptibility zonation map.
Increase the photovoltaic conversion efficiency using Neuro-fuzzy control applied to MPPT

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Photovoltaic (PV) electricity is seen as an important source of renewable energy. The PV generator is an unstable power source depending on several parameters such temperature, irradiation level etc... This paper deals with an advanced energy management of a PV plant based on an intelligent control method for the maximum power point tracking (MPPT). This latter is based on a neuro-fuzzy controller of a DC-DC converter device. The design of this controller is presented using simulation. Then a comparative study of the proposed method and Perturb and Observe (PO) performance is achieved to demonstrate its quality level in terms of energy optimization and response rapidity to change in operation conditions.
Two New Species of Phytoseius Ribaga from Australia (Acarina: Phytoseiidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Females and males of 2 new phytoseiid mite species from New South Wales, Australia, are described and illustrated: Phytoseius leaki sp.n. from Solanum mauritianum Scop. and Phytoseius woolwichensis sp.n. from Eupatorium sp.
Emergent Properties: Interdisciplinary Team Teaching in Literature and Biology

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this essay, we reflect on the outcomes of our interdisciplinary, team-taught, undergraduate core course in modern literature and evolutionary biology--a course designed to study the problems of identifying the emergence of distinctly “human” beings. The essay reflects on the positive, unexpected outcomes that we experienced, especially in student writing, via the metaphor of “emergent properties,” a biological term that refers to how new and complex traits, behaviors, or life forms emerge from the interaction of “simpler units” which in themselves would not produce these properties. Given that so much of the course content came from the students themselves—in particular, from their interest in the question of human consciousness as an evolved trait—we have incorporated excerpts from student essays that were produced for the course. These excerpts are preceded by student reflections and accompanied by observations about the compelling fashion in which students synthesized not only scientific and literary content, but also objective and subjective writing styles.
Development of Android apps for circuit analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As the Android market shares a large portion of the smart phone industry and keeps growing since it was released, a growing amount of App are developed and taken used by customers for a variety of purposes including entertainment, receiving and sharing information and handling their works. [1] For study purpose, researchers or students find their needs using computer software to help them deal with complicated tasks, and it comes along with a variety of programs or applications like MULTISIM, MATLAB. However, in the field of Android program, there still lacks a handling program solving circuit analysis problem. \nIn this work, I devote my energy to finding a proper algorism that is suitable for java calculations and developing an application that could do analysis of simple circuit. The aim of this project is to help users design their circuit and read the information including power, reactive power, voltage and current of circuit branches. \nI developed the app, Citrus, in the Android Studio, which contains a circuit model exhibition area, electrical component gallery, and information reading blanket which can get the information of power consume, the phase of current and voltage, power angle, etc. \nUsers can choose the desired electronical component such as impedance in series or in parallel, from the gallery and put it in the desired place of the circuit, and useful information would be shown in the information exhibition are automatically after the program running. \nHowever, calculation error sometimes occurs when involving complex matrix due to the lack of standard java complex number calculation module. A complex number calculation library and a complex matrix library produced by Dr Mick Flanagan, a retired Honorary Senior Lecturer in the UCL, have been taken used in this program to help solve necessary complex number matrix construction and calculations. Some results of the circuit analysis may have errors compared to that of MATLAB, even though not so big. \nFurther improvements may include a more customer-friendly interface, a faster algorism, and complex circuit designing and analysis. And more tests will be conducted to find inaccurate results, system bugs that may causing application crashing down, and improperly placing of electronic components.
Gene delivery using dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles as nonviral vectors

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Development of highly efficient nonviral gene delivery vectors still remains a great challenge. In this study, we report a new gene delivery vector based on dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles (Au DENPs) with significantly higher gene transfection efficiency than that of dendrimers without AuNPs entrapped. Amine-terminated generation 5 poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers (G5.NH2) were utilized as templates to synthesize AuNPs with different Au atom/dendrimer molar ratios (25:1, 50:1, 75:1, and 100:1, respectively). The formed Au DENPs were used to complex two different pDNAs encoding luciferase (Luc) and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), respectively for gene transfection studies. The Au DENPs/pDNA polyplexes with different N/P ratios and compositions of Au DENPs were characterized by gel retardation assay, light scattering, zeta potential measurements, and atomic force microscopic imaging. We show that the Au DENPs can effectively compact the pDNA, allowing for highly efficient gene transfection into the selected cell lines as demonstrated by both Luc assay and fluorescence microscopic imaging of the ECFP expression. The transfection efficiency of Au DENPs with Au atom/dendrimer molar ratio of 25:1 was at least 100 times higher than that of G5.NH2 dendrimers without AuNPs entrapped at the N/P ratio of 2.5:1. The higher gene transfection efficiency of Au DENPs is primarily due to the fact that the entrapment of AuNPs helps preserve the 3-dimensional spherical morphology of dendrimers, allowing for more efficient interaction between dendrimers and DNA. With the less cytotoxicity than that of G5.NH2 dendrimers demonstrated by thiazoyl blue tetrazolium bromide assay and higher gene transfection efficiency, it is expected that Au DENPs may be used as a new gene delivery vector for highly efficient transfection of different genes for various biomedical applications. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Specification of Surface Roughness Over Oceans in the GLAS Fourth Order GCM

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The surface roughness height z sub 0 is a parameter which measures the effect of surface irregularities on the mean profiles which occur in the atmospheric surface layer. Over land surfaces, z sub 0 is a function of soil composition, plant canopy type and distribution and other factors such as buildings and structures. Over open water, z sub 0 depends only on the distribution of waves, wavelets and other surface irregularities. These, in turn, are thought to be determined by the mean wind within the surface layer. Large and Pond have derived an empirical relationship between the mean wind speed U sub 10 at the ten meter level over open water and the neutral drag coefficient C sub DN. Their relationship covers the range U sub 10 or = M/S. Earlier, Kondo had computed a relationship between U sub 10 and C sub DN on the basis of laboratory observations which extended down to the range of infinitely small wind speeds. An interpretation between the relationships of Large and Pond for large wind speed and of Kondo for small wind speed is presented.
Integration and Testing of the Superconducting Magnet and Cryogenics for AMS P. McIntyre and ON BEHALF OF THE AMS COLLABORATION

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer is a high-resolu- tion cosmic-ray telescope for charged-particles and photons, to be staged on the International Space Station in 2010. A central ele- ment of the spectrometer is a 0.8 T, 1 m aperture superconducting dipole magnet. The windings employ Al-stabilized NbTi/Cu con- ductor and are conduction-cooled in a superfluid He cryostat. The cryogenics for the magnet employs a number of novel elements, indirect cooling using a serpentine heat pipe, thermomechanical pumping for re-cooling after quench and during current charging, capillary gathering of superfluid within the storage Dewar, and a porous-plug phase separator. The magnet is designed to operate in persistent mode, with provisions for disconnect/reconnect of cur- rent leads. The magnet and cryogenics have been built and inte- grated. The AMS magnet system has been commissioned into op- eration and operating characteristics have been evaluated during tests at CERN. Results of the commissioning and testing are pre- sented. Lessons for future space applications of superconducting magnets will be discussed.
IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER DEFIBRILLATORS ARE THE MAIN MODE FOR SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH PREVENTION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This review is devoted to a method of sudden cardiac death (SCD) prevention by means of the implanted cardioverter defibrillators (ICD). In our study we present definition, epidemiology, mechanism and the nosological reasons of SCD. Further is the historical review of defibrillation development, cardioversion, creation and improvement of the implanted antiarrhytmic devices. Thus we present the analysis of the main clinical trials on ICD efficiency studying in primary and secondary prevention of SCD. The main advantages of these devices in patients with high risk of SCD development are shown.
Efficacy of virus elimination from apple by thermotherapy coupled with in vivo shoot‐tip grafting and in vitro meristem culture

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Ten varieties of potted apple were subjected to thermotherapy coupled with in vitro meristem culture and in vivo shoot‐tip grafting. Using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction assays prior to treatment, all treated apple varieties were infected by more than two viruses, and nine of ten varieties were infected by Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus ( ACLSV ), Apple stem pitting virus ( ASPV ) and Apple stem grooving virus ( ASGV ). After treatment, the survivals of the two methods were more different. Total survival rates of the seven apple varieties ( YF 9, XYF 3, X2001, GL , HF , A123 and ZZ 5) treated by thermotherapy coupled with in vitro meristem culture were 25.9% (14/54). The survival rate of YF 9, XYF 3, X2001, GL , YF 6, JJ and XNH treated by thermotherapy coupled with in vivo shoot‐tip grafting was from 33.3% to 75.0%, and the average rate (63.0%, 34/54) was twice than that of meristem culture. The virus‐free apple plants were acquired only from in vitro variety HF and A123, and the elimination rate of A123 was highest, up to 71.4% (5/7). Fourteen apple survival grafting plants from five varieties ( YF 9, XYF 3, X2001, YF 6 and XNH ) were detected virus‐free. The average elimination rate of the meristem culture and shoot‐tip grafting was very close, 42.9% (6/14) and 41.2% (14/34), respectively.
Outdoor Behavioral Healthcare: Its Impact on Family Functioning

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The use of Outdoor Behavioral Healthcare (OBH) as a viable treatment modality for adolescents with behavioral, emotional, and substance use issues has been gaining increased attention. This research builds upon the literature by utilizing a longitudinal study to explore clinical changes, measured using the Youth Outcome Questionnaire (YOQ), and changes in family functioning as measured by the general functioning scale of the Family Assessment Device (FAD). Both clinically and statistically significant positive results with youth, mothers, and fathers at points of intake, discharge, and six months post discharge were found; however, parent and youth reports differed especially at six months post discharge. In addition, regression analyses showed that mothers and youth were more aligned than fathers in their perceptions of changes in family functioning post OBH treatment. This research fills a gap in the behavioral healthcare literature concerning the outcomes of using wilderness therapy and their association with family involvement in maintaining clinical change and improved family functioning
Drivers and deterrents of music streaming services purchase intention

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Generalised access to online content, with no transfer of ownership, revolutionised consumer behaviour. The music industry is a paradigmatic example: physical product sales decreased and even online music stores are increasingly threatened by the rise of on-demand music streaming services (MSS). However, MSS find it difficult to persuade users to opt for the premium version. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess what drives (deters) users' intention to purchase MSS, as well as to examine the role of gender and age. Based on data collected from 318 MSS users, the study shows that both perceived value and perceived fee are significant predictors of MSS purchase intention, with the negative impact of the latter surpassing the positive one of the former, while the moderating effect of age and gender was supported. Our study contributes to a deeper understanding of MSS purchase intention, and offers important insights to MSS providers.