jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ramsey degrees of ultrafilters, pseudointersection numbers, and the tools of topological Ramsey spaces

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper investigates properties of $σ$-closed forcings which generate ultrafilters satisfying weak partition relations. The Ramsey degree of an ultrafilter $\mathcal{U}$ for $n$-tuples, denoted $t(\mathcal{U},n)$, is the smallest number $t$ such that given any $l\ge 2$ and coloring $c:[ω]^n\rightarrow l$, there is a member $X\in\mathcal{U}$ such that the restriction of $c$ to $[X]^n$ has no more than $t$ colors. Many well-known $σ$-closed forcings are known to generate ultrafilters with finite Ramsey degrees, but finding the precise degrees can sometimes prove elusive or quite involved, at best. In this paper, we utilize methods of topological Ramsey spaces to calculate Ramsey degrees of several classes of ultrafilters generated by $σ$-closed forcings. These include a hierarchy of forcings due to Laflamme which generate weakly Ramsey and weaker rapid p-points, forcings of Baumgartner and Taylor and of Blass and generalizations, and the collection of non-p-points generated by the forcings $\mathcal{P}(ω^k)/\mathrm{Fin}^{\otimes k}$. We provide a general approach to calculating the Ramsey degrees of these ultrafilters, obtaining new results as well as streamlined proofs of previously known results. In the second half of the paper, we calculate pseudointersection and tower numbers for these $σ$-closed forcings and their relationships with the classical pseudointersection number $\mathfrak{p}$.
Four Secondary Teachers’ Perspectives on Enhancing the Inclusion of Exceptional Students

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In Canada little research has been conducted on inclusive education practices in secondary schools. The purpose of this study is to report, for a diverse group of four secondary school teachers in a single school board in southeastern Ontario, their descriptions of facilitating the inclusion of exceptional students in general classrooms. The four teachers were recruited using an email referral method. Each of them participated in a semi-structured interview about their educational roles and role expectations, and about their reported instructional methods for inclusion. Seven categories emerged from the analyzed data, and these were clustered to form three themes: Structures and People, Meeting Everyone’s Needs, and Knowing Your Students. The findings suggest that the participants in this study were facilitating inclusion of exceptional students in regular classrooms by considering how the students’ functional needs impact their learning; most considered the functional learning and assessment needs of all students, not just exceptional students.
Economics Analysis on Principal-agent Relationship of Rural Land Consolidation Project

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Based on the meticulous description of the economic characteristics of rural land consolidation project, the paper discussed the principal-agent relationship in the implementation process of the rural land consolidation project,diagnosed the basic problems of principal-agent relationship for rural land consolidation project,and established a incentive and restraint mechanism,under which the agent's subjective efforts can meet the interests of the client. The results showed that rural land consolidation projects have the properties of public goods and double multi-level principal-agent relationship,but in the principal-agent relationship there are potential agent problems such as the moral risk,adverse selection,and so on. For the rural land remediation project performance to be continuously improved,the incentive and restraint mechanism should be established,the owners of the committee for rural land remediation project set up,the principal-agent relationship of rural land consolidation project optimized,the incentive and restraint mechanism of contract,the incentive and restraint mechanism of supervisor,and the incentive and restraint mechanism of market perfected,and the agent's effort level effectively motivated.
[Laparoscopic Resection of Solitary Lymph Node Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization and Percutaneous Locoregional Therapies].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 75-year-old woman underwent transcatheter chemoembolization(TACE)for 2 small hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) lesions associated with severe alcoholic liver cirrhosis that necessitated management for ascites. Over 5 years after the initial TACE, she received multidisciplinary therapies with TACE, transcatheter arterial infusion of anticancer agents, percutaneous ethanol injections, or percutaneous radiofrequency ablation performed on 5 occasions for small recurrent HCC lesions. Computed tomography performed after the last therapy for HCC revealed a solitary lymph node swelling(39 mm in diameter) around the common hepatic artery. Magnetic resonance imaging performed 3 months later revealed that the lymph node had enlarged to 45 mm, without recurrence of the primary HCC, and after 4 months, to 60 mm; she then underwent laparoscopic lymph node resection. Histopathological examination of the resected specimen showed HCC metastasis. A recurrent metastatic lymph node(30 mm in diameter)was detected around the common hepatic artery and was resected laparoscopically 17 months postoperatively. Pancreatic head cancer was diagnosed 22 months after the second surgery; however, the patient refused cancer therapy and died 16 months after this diagnosis. No recurrence of the primary HCC or lymph node metastasis was observed over the 38 months after the second surgery.
The Role of Emotion in Land Regulation: An Empirical Study of Online Advocacy in Authoritarian Asia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Scholarly interest about online advocacy in authoritarian settings is rapidly growing. With one of Asia's most active social media, Vietnam offers a promising site to investigate how online advocates navigate around state censorship to influence regulatory decisionmaking. Much research about online advocacy focuses on rational discourse, and fails to ask why satire and ridicule can change regulatory outcomes when reasoned debate fails. This article considers two cases studies where online advocates changed regulatory outcomes in Vietnam. It investigates why the regulators were sensitive to moral censure in social media, and responded to appeals for solidarity, but were reluctant to engage in rational public deliberation. These findings reveal insights into how online advocacy can trigger emotional responses in officials that transform the regulatory environment. The article concludes that rather than constituting cognitive missteps, emotions are integral to government regulation in Vietnam.
[Bacteriostasis of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Its Derivatives in Vitro and Its Relationship with PF4].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Both PRP and PG supernatant have antibacterial effects in Escherichia coli. The bacteriostatic effect of PRP was better than that of PG supernatant, and the platelet and PF4 contents in PRP were higher than those in PG supernatant, suggesting that the platelet and PF4 levels play an important role in bacteriostasis.
The cytoplasmic domain of L-selectin interacts with cytoskeletal proteins via alpha-actinin: receptor positioning in microvilli does not require interaction with alpha-actinin

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The leukocyte adhesion molecule L-selectin mediates binding to lymph node high endothelial venules (HEV) and contributes to leukocyte rolling on endothelium at sites of inflammation. Previously, it was shown that truncation of the L-selectin cytoplasmic tail by 11 amino acids abolished binding to lymph node HEV and leukocyte rolling in vivo, but the molecular basis for that observation was not determined. This study examined potential interactions between L-selectin and cytoskeletal proteins. We found that the cytoplasmic domain of L- selectin interacts directly with the cytoplasmic actin-binding protein alpha-actinin and forms a complex with vinculin and possibly talin. Solid phase binding assays using the full-length L-selectin cytoplasmic domain bound to microtiter wells demonstrated direct, specific, and saturable binding of purified alpha-actinin to L-selectin (Kd = 550 nM), but no direct binding of purified talin or vinculin. Interestingly, talin potentiated binding of alpha-actinin to the L- selectin cytoplasmic domain peptide despite the fact that direct binding of talin to L-selectin could not be measured. Vinculin binding to the L-selectin cytoplasmic domain peptide was detectable only in the presence of alpha-actinin. L-selectin coprecipitated with a complex of cytoskeletal proteins including alpha-actinin and vinculin from cells transfected with L-selectin, consistent with the possibility that alpha- actinin binds directly to L-selectin and that vinculin associates by binding to alpha-actinin in vivo to link actin filaments to the L- selectin cytoplasmic domain. In contrast, a deletion mutant of L- selectin lacking the COOH-terminal 11 amino acids of the cytoplasmic domain failed to coprecipitate with alpha-actinin or vinculin. Surprisingly, this mutant L-selectin localized normally to the microvillar projections on the cell surface. These data suggest that the COOH-terminal 11 amino acids of the L-selectin cytoplasmic domain are required for mediating interactions with the actin cytoskeleton via a complex of alpha-actinin and vinculin, but that this portion of the cytoplasmic domain is not necessary for proper localization of L- selectin on the cell surface. Correct L-selectin receptor positioning is therefore insufficient for leukocyte adhesion mediated by L- selectin, suggesting that this adhesion may also require direct interactions with the cytoskeleton.
Security Implications of Computer Botnets

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the explosive growth in popularity of computer networks, so-called botnets appeared.These contain many infected smart devices that the owner can control remotely.The members of the botnet can carry out -usually illegal -tasks in a coordinated manner, which can cause significant damage to the targeted infrastructure.In addition to spam campaigns, Distributed Denial of Service attacks and other usual procedures, actions aimed at influencing public opinion are becoming increasingly popular, which can cause damage beyond IT environments.Popular social platforms have become targets for propaganda and other social engineering campaigns executed with the help of botnets.Another threat will be the growing use of artificial intelligence by attackers, which can significantly increase the effectiveness of the offensive activity of a botnet.In this article, I have tried to provide a comprehensive overview of the current and near-future risks to society posed by botnets and increasingly widespread artificial intelligence.
Gut Microbiota Composition and Its Metabolites in Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A growing body of study have documented the association of gut dysbiosis or fecal metabolites with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, it is not clear whether the phenomenon simply reflects the microenvironment changes correlated with the CKD severity or contributes to the progression of CKD. In this study, we identified the gut microbiota and metabolite in feces samples correlated with CKD severity using the Nanopore long-read sequencing platform and UPLC-coupled MS/MS approach. A cross-sectional cohort study was performed from 1 June 2020 to 31 December 2020. One hundred and fifty-six clinical participants, including 60 healthy enrollees and 96 Stage 1–5 CKD patients, were enrolled in this study. The ROC curve generated with the relative abundance of Klebsiella pneumonia or S-Adenosylhomocysteine showed a gradual increase with the CKD severity. Our results further revealed the positive correlation of increased K. pneumonia and S-Adenosylhomocysteine in gut environment, which may be of etiological importance to the deterioration of a CKD patient. In that sense, the microbiota or metabolite changes constitute potential candidates for evaluating the progression of CKD.
Cloning and Expression of the Succinyl-CoA Synthetase Genes of Escherichia coli K12

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The genes encoding both subunits of the succinyl-CoA synthetase of Escherichia coli have been identified as distal genes of the suc operon, which also encodes the dehydrogenase (Elo; sucA) and succinyltransferase (E2o; sucB) components of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. The newly defined genes express polypeptides of 41 kDa (sucC) and 31 kDa (sucD), corresponding to the beta and alpha subunits of succinyl-CoA synthetase, respectively. The genes are thus located at 16.8 min in the E. coli linkage map, together with the citrate synthase (gltA) and succinate dehydrogenase (sdh) genes, in a cluster of nine citric acid cycle genes: gltA-sdhCDAB-sucABCD. Four deletion strains lacking all of these citric acid cycle enzymes were characterized. The succinyl-CoA synthetase activities of strains harbouring plasmids containing the sucC and sucD genes were amplified some fourfold. Further enzymological studies indicated that expression of succinyl-CoA synthetase is coordinately regulated with 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase.
O090 TRANSCRIPTOMICS OF BREAST CANCER TUMOUR AND NORMAL ADJACENT TUMOUR TISSUE REVEAL DIFFERENTIAL IMMUNE-ADIPOSE-CANCER GENE EXPRESSION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Surgical-related immunity dysfunction in normal adjacent tumour (NAT) tissue of breast cancer (BC) patients is associated with BC recurrence. Characterising inflammation and immunosuppression in NAT tissue at the time of surgical excision of the tumour, using transcriptomics, may reveal a tissue phenotype more vulnerable to surgical-related immunity dysfunction. Methods RNA-Seq read counts from matched BC patient tumour and NAT tissues from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) (n=54) and from University College Cork (UCC) & Cork University Hospital (CUH) biobank (n=10) were used. Differential gene expression was analysed using EdgeR and pathway analysis by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis using Hallmark gene sets. Immune cell subsets were deconvoluted using CIBERSORTx using the LM22 signature matrix. Genes were significantly different with a False Discovery Rate (FDR)&lt;0.1 and pathways enriched with an FDR&lt;0.25. Results Adipogenesis and IL6 JAK STAT3 signalling pathways were enriched in NAT and not in tumour tissue (FDR&lt;0.25). Adipogenesis genes ADIPOQ, FABP4, CD36, LPL and PPARG and IL6 were significantly upregulated in NAT relative to tumour (FDR&lt;0.1). Patients stratified on NAT expression of these genes, with higher expression had worse overall survival (OS)(p&lt;0.05). There was no difference in patient OS, stratified on tumour expression of ADIPOQ and IL6. M2 macrophages were significantly increased in NAT relative to tumour(p&lt;0.05). Patients with more M2 macrophages in tumours had significantly worse OS(p&lt;0.05). There was no difference in OS for NAT tissue with more M2 macrophages. Conclusion Surgical-related immunity dysfunction in NAT breast tissue, may worsen postoperative immune-adipose-residual breast cancer cell interactions, contributing to poorer patient outcome.
Towards a Modular Suturing Catheter for Minimally Invasive Vascular Surgery

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is a minimally invasive approach for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) treatment. Compared to open surgery, the benefits of EVAR include faster recovery and shorter time in hospital as well as no general anesthesia (in most cases). Though EVAR has become a preferred way to treat AAA with an increasing number of procedures, there are persisting complications, e.g. stent graft migration. Suturing the stent graft to the aorta increases the displacement force necessary to move the implant. This paper describes the design of a suturing catheter for EVAR. The suturing device consist of two modules which can be inserted through the femoral arteries into the abdominal aorta where both join using an electro-magnetic connector. The positioning module provides an anchor inside the aorta for the suturing module and new sequential positions for each stitch. Our large-scale prototype is validated inside a phantom vessel made of silicone material. We are able to successfully prove the concept of this novel single-sided suturing catheter for EVAR.
Impact of Turbine Blade Internal Cooling on Aerodynamic Loss

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Modern gas turbines operate at high temperature, which exceed the endurance limit of material, and therefore the turbines components have to be cooled by the air taken from the compressor. The cooling providing positive impact on lifetime of GT has negative impact on its performance. Firstly because the cooling air bypasses combustor and its capacity is not fully utilized. This effect is usually accounted in thermodynamic calculations of gas turbine. Secondly the injection of cooling air in the turbine disturbs the main flow, and may lead to increased losses. In addition cooling requirements lead to limitation on the blade shape (e.g. limiting the minimal size of trailing edge) and thereby negatively affect the losses. These effects were already discussed in the literature, but further investigations for better understanding of flow physics and design improvement are still useful. There is also additional impact of cooling - impact of heat transfer on near wall boundary layer and coolant properties. This effect was not sufficiently discussed in the open literature, where quite often the walls are considered as adiabatic. The paper consists of two main parts. In the first part the results of experimental investigations of several linear cascades with and without trailing edge injection are presented and discussed. In the second part the results of detailed numerical investigations of one of these cascades are presented. One set of calculations were done at the test rig conditions for comparison with measured data. These calculations were used for validation of CFD model. The next sets of calculations were done for engine typical conditions, including the simulation of blade material temperature. The calculations were performed for adiabatic wall and for surface with heat transfer, including the impact of heat transfer on coolant injection. This analysis provides split of losses caused by different factors, and offers the opportunities for efficiency and lifetime improvements of real engine designs/upgrades.
Liberal Feminism Analysis Of Lady Chiltern In “An Ideal Husband” Play By Oscar Wilde ( Skripsi Sastra Inggris S1, 2016 )

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study uses qualitative approach in the discussion, which aims to determine how the main character is described in the drama script and how the gender issue is applied in the content of the story. The data of the main character and characterization are collected by finding the every dialogue in every scene or evidence of script drama. The writer found several things about the “liberal feminist” of the main character of “Lady Chiltern”. Lady Chiltern is a good woman. She is also beautiful, brave, attractive and responsible. According to liberal feminist that the woman in the drama, especially Ms. Lady Chiltern has capability to revise and control her husband. Her decision are able to influence women in the world, because she did not agree when her couple or husband doing corruption.
Key words: Literature, character
PMO-053 Appetite, taste and smell changes after weight loss surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction It is apparent from day-to-day practice that patients frequently report changes to their appetite, taste and smell after weight loss surgery. There has been surprisingly little written in the literature on this. The aim of the current study was to assess these parameters in a cohort of patients and to explore potential differences between the different types of procedure. Methods Questionnaires relating to appetite, taste and smell were administered to 264 patients who had undergone weight loss surgery at our institution during the years 2000–2011. Eight of these patients also underwent detailed smell testing using a validated Olfactometer for taste testing for the flavours of sweet, salt, sour and bitter. Results Responses were received from 133 patients (50%). Sensory changes in appetite, taste and smell were noted by 95%, 68% and 39% of patients respectively. Patients who had undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) more frequently experienced new aversions to specific foods compared to patients having other types of surgery (RYGB 73% vs sleeve gastrectomy 40% vs gastric banding 20%), p<0.01. Patients who experienced food aversions experienced a greater level of postoperative weight loss and reduction in BMI, compared to their counterparts without these features. Detailed taste and smell testing did not identify significant changes to smell or taste thresholds after surgery, nor was there a significant correlation between overall taste and smell scores (p=0.67). Conclusion This study provides preliminary support that patients do experience changes in their appetite, taste and smell following weight loss surgery. These changes need to be investigated further to help support patient education and the informed consent process. Competing interests None declared.
Use of the Structure of Blood Vessel for Detection of Brain Aneurysm and Route Search to Brain Aneurysm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract: In this research, we constructed functions that are necessary for the operation simulation system which assists medical students to inhibit brain aneurysm from exploding. The system reported in this paper is “detection of blood vessels”, “detection of brain aneurysm ” and “route planning to brain aneurysm”. Not only the detection method but also the method to reduce the miss detection is realized for the detection of blood vessel. Finally, the future work will be shown including construction of head model consisting of artery, vein, brain and cranium