jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The metalinguistics of offence in (British) English

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Offence is a central concept in impoliteness, aggression and conflict research, yet has received only passing mention in definitions of impoliteness and related concepts. Janicki (2017) argues that impoliteness and language aggression scholars are needlessly worried about definitions. We use Janicki’s (2017) work as a springboard into a discussion of definitions of impolite or taboo language, airing potential problems and suggesting that the study of metalanguage offers at least a partial solution. We report a study of the metalanguage of offence in British English, and briefly examine whether there are any differences in Australian English, using SketchEngine to interrogate data in the two-billion word Oxford English Corpus. In so doing, we tease out different uses of the term offensive , and show that concepts such as offence are coloured by the specific linguistic and cultural contexts in which they appear. We conclude that while corpus-based metalinguistic analyses cannot completely eliminate the problem of definitional infinite regress, they do, however, offer an empirically grounded way of defining words that allows us to move beyond the intuitions of individual researchers.
Cerebral Microcirculation in the Mouse Brain

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Several reports indicate that agents which can be topically applied to the vessels on the cerebral surface, and which have marked vasoconstrictive properties in other vascular beds, produce only minimal effects on the cerebral vessels.1-3For example, the response of the cerebrovascular bed to catechol amines is so poor as to provide a totally inadequate representation of vascular reactivity. Cerebral arteries are capable of much greater alterations of diameter as shown by their responses to respiratory gases.4-6The problem of studying cerebroarterial reactivity is made even more difficult when small vessels are examined, since their size precludes reliable estimation of the small changes in diameter which may follow stimulation with epinephrine or levarterenol (norepinephrine). Moreover, several authors report only variable or inconsistent effects of catechols on the smaller pial arteries or arterioles.2,3There is little doubt that it is important to study further the reactivity of these
Iron deficiency anemia of pregnant women: prevention and treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Iron deficiency anemia of pregnant women: prevention and treatment
Dobrokhotova Yu.E., Bakhareva I.V.

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most common diseases in the world. In more than 90% of cases of anemia in pregnant women it is the iron deficiency anemia, while the frequency of IDA detection depends on the level of social and economic development of the region. The article describes in detail the stages of development of iron deficiency, the effect of anemia on fetal development, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of IDA in pregnant women. Treatment is considered both from the point of view of the diet therapy, and the appointment of drug treatment. Pathogenetic methods of IDA treatment are ferrotherapy (oral and intravenous), erythropoiesis stimulating drugs in combination with ferrotherapy and blood transfusion. The main drugs for anemia treatment and the replacement of iron reserves are oral iron preparations. Various groups of iron preparations are considered and compared, including the iron (III) containing drug succinylate protein (Ferlatum). High therapeutic efficacy of Ferlatum / Ferlatum Fol and its good tolerability with minimal side effects makes it possible to recommend it as a drug of choice for the prevention of anemia, treatment of latent iron deficiency and IDA during pregnancy.

Key words: iron deficiency, iron-deficiency anemia, pregnancy, iron preparations, iron (III) protein succinylate, Ferlatum, Ferlatum Fol.
For citation: Dobrokhotova Yu.E., Bakhareva I.V. Iron deficiency anemia of pregnant women: prevention and treatment //
RMJ. 2018. № 2(I). P.59 –64.
562: UNTOWARD EFFECTS OF COVID ON MENTAL HEALTH IN A TERTIARY BURN UNIT: FOUR SELF-IMMOLATION BURNS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Burn Intensive Care Units (BICU)s are resource-heavy and labor-intensive units with very sick patients. COVID revolutionized telehealth resources in primary care facilities to enable physicians to provide care while limiting the exposure of personnel and the public to COVID-19. However, already strained mental health resources continued to lag. Patients in need of mental health care often turn to unorthodox means of seeking help, including self-immolation in times of acute suicidality without access to resources for support. Emergency departments and primary care facilities become safe havens for patients in need of psychiatric treatment. We aimed to describe four patients seen in one month in our burn center with self-immolation burns. Methods: Patients were identified using the Institutional Burn Center registry, and linked to the clinical and administrative data. All patients admitted to the BICU between May 8th, 2022 to June 7, 2022, were included. Demographics, length of stay (LOS), co-morbid conditions, and mortality were evaluated. Results: There were 4 patients seen within one month with self-immolation burns. Three of the four were male. The median age was 49 (27-62). All patients were Black. Seventy-five percent survived. The average percentage of total body surface area involved was 23% (+/- 26%). One patient required amputation due to extent of his burn injury. One patient absconded from the hospital without completing care for her burn or her mental crisis. Despite having inpatient psychiatry consultations and involuntary commitment paperwork for all four patients, only one patient met the criteria for inpatient psychiatric admission after completing his burn treatment. This patient then remained in the burn center for 8 additional days awaiting inpatient psych placement due to the lack of available psychiatric beds in the region. Conclusions: A lack of access to mental health providers and resources does not indicate a lack of need. Burn centers may become the new safe haven for patients with profound mental health needs. If injuries are survivable, patients may still not have an appropriate disposition, taking up valuable burn center beds while delaying more intensive psychiatric care.
UNFAIR DISMISSAL: Employee leaving during Employer's Notice

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

UNFAIR DISMISSAL: Employee leaving during Employer's Notice Get access ROBERT UPEX ROBERT UPEX *Kingston Polytechnic Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Industrial Law Journal, Volume 7, Issue 1, 1978, Pages 247–248, https://doi.org/10.1093/ilj/7.1.247 Published: 01 June 1978
[Inhibitory effect of melatonin on the development of pituitary prolactin-producing tumors induced by 17-beta-estradiol].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

MLT in suitable doses is able to inhibit the development of E2-induced prolactinoma by inhibiting the expression of PRL gene and the DNA synthesis. The link between MLT antioxidative action and its inhibitory effect on development of prolactinoma should be further investigated.
Formulation Optimization for Seabuckthorn Nutritional Milk Powder

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This paper describes the optimization of a seabuckthorn nutritional milk powder formula with respect to fresh milk,white sugar,seabuckthorn powder and seabuckthorn flavor amounts for the best sensory evaluation.Using orthogonal array design method,the optimal seabuckthorn nutritional milk powder was determined to consist of 600% fresh milk,20% white sugar,2% seabuckthorn powder and 0.025% seabuckthorn flavor.
Smooth Ramps: Walking the Straight and Narrow Path through Color Space

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Smoothly shaded color ramps, important for presentation graphics and computer imaging, are difficult for color managed systems utilizing device profiles. The causes for disruptive artifacts such as contours and banding are examined and a set of visual limits are established that, if met will avoid them. Based on these visual thresholds, an analysis of the numeric representation and processing of color data in an ICC profile-based environment yields some requirements for device profiles and their use.Specifically, we find that 8-bit precision and inadequate table indexing resolution cause contour artifacts. Banding is caused indirectly from the inversion of noisy and nonlinear printer color data when the profile was created. The noise is not instrument noise, but rather due to the inconsistency of printer output. Some proposals for improving this stage of profile making are suggested. Examples are provided to illustrate the sources of difficulties in rendering smooth and uniform color ramps.
Distribution of Heliothis zea1 Eggs and First-Instar Larvae on Peanuts2

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Oviposition by the corn earworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), on peanuts, Arachis hypogaea L., was studied in the laboratory and in field cages. Highly significant differences in location of eggs were found. Numbers of eggs deposited in the peripheral, middle, and inner portions of the plant, respectively, occurred in a mean ratio of 9.9:4.9:1.0. Leaves were chosen ca. 86.5% of the time as oviposition sites compared with stems. In addition, the bottom leaf surface was selected over the top leaf surface by a 2.1:1.0 ratio. The least preferred sites for oviposition were stems and the lower portion of the plant. 1st-instar larvae exhibited a distinct preference for terminals as feeding sites.
Quantification of retinal nerve fiber layer changes in optical coherence tomography images reveals differential progression of glaucomas

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: For monitoring the progression of glaucoma, a major cause of irreversible blindness, clinicians measure retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) changes in the eye. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Based on a clinical cohort of patients, we computed the temporal differences in the RNFL patterns in their glaucomatous eyes using optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. To gain insights into disease progression, we quantified the precise changes in the RNFL clock-hour sector phenotypes in each glaucomatous eye between the first and second clinical visits. CONCLUSION: Further, we identified 2 groups of patients using unsupervised clustering based only on their initial RNFL phenotypes, which may be investigated further to develop clinically useful models for prediction of glaucoma progression.
A New COL3A1 Mutation in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Vascular Type With Different Phenotypes in the Same Family

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (vEDS) is a rare and severe connective tissue disorder caused by mutations in the collagen type III alpha I chain ( COL3A1) gene. We describe a pathogenetic heterozygous COL3A1 mutation c.3140 G>A, p. Gly1047Asp, identified using next-generation sequencing, in a 40-year-old Italian female. The genetic test performed on her relatives, which present different clinical phenotypes, confirmed that they carry the same mutation in heterozygous state. This finding confirms that mutations causing vEDS have an incomplete penetrance.
Vinpocetine, a Phosphodiesterase Type 1 Inhibitor, Mitigates Locomotor Hyperactivity in Female Mice Exposed to Lead During Development

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background/Objectives Studies in rodents indicate that disruptions in both cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling pathways are involved in the development of hyperactive behavior. We examined whether vinpocetine, a phosphodiesterase type 1 inhibitor that enhances brain cAMP and cGMP levels, could mitigate locomotor hyperactivity in mice exposed to lead during early development. Methods Swiss mice were exposed to 90 ppm of lead in their drinking water throughout gestation and the first ten postnatal days. At postnatal day 10 (PN10), blood lead levels (BLLs) were about 30 µg/dL. At PN30, animals either received vinpocetine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) or a vehicle 4 h before the evaluation of locomotor activity in the open field. Results Lead-exposed males did not display differences in locomotor activity compared to controls, while lead-exposed females showed a significant increase in locomotion. Vinpocetine treatment significantly reversed the lead-induced hyperactivity in females. Conclusions These findings suggest that the cAMP and cGMP signaling pathways play a role in the hyperactivity induced by lead exposure.
A California Correction? Legislature Will Consider Allowing Attorney Malpractice Proof from Mediation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The evidence is in. After 43 years of federal practice under Rule 408 of the Federal Rules of Evidence (1975); 19 years of New York practice under CPLR 4547 (1998); and 16 years of practice in various states under the Uniform Mediation Act (2001), we can conclude: Statutory confidentiality is not necessary for effective mediation.
Estimation of discharge coefficients of the broad-crested side weir with various levee's side slope of main channel

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

국본 연구에서는 본류수로의 제방사면경사(ESch)에 따른 광정횡월류위어에서의 흐름변화를 수리모형실험을 통해 분석하고, 그에 따른 유량계수산정식을 제시하였다. 제방사면경사는 실제 하천에서의 적용성을 고려하여 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:2를 선정하였다. 제방사면경사가 포함된 광정횡월류위어의 유량계수산정식은 기존의 유량계수산정식 보다 합리적이고 적용성이 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 다중회귀분석결과 변수 중 본류수로의 제방사면경사(ESch)>횡월류위어높이-상류수심비(h/yu)>횡월류위어길이-상류수심비(L/yu)>상류 푸르드수(Fru)의 순서로 중요도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 특히 기존의 연구와 개수로 흐름에서 가장 중요한 인자인 Froude수가 포함되지 않은 유량계수산정식을 제안하였으며, 그 적용성도 높은 것으로 나타났다.
Does Participation in Organized Sports Impact Calcium Intake, Physical Activity, or Television Viewing of Children?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

It has been suggested that children who play organized sports may participate in more physical activity and have better eating habits than children not involved in sports. PURPOSE: To compare the calcium intake, minutes of physical activity, and hours of television viewing among sport involved and non-sport involved boys and girls. METHODS: Questionnaires were administered through individual interviews with each child in the presence of a parent. Calcium intake was estimated with either: (1) calcium food frequency questionnaire or (2) 24-hour recall with calcium intake analyzed using Nutritionist IV. Participation in physical activity was estimated with a seven-day physical activity recall. The physical activity recall also included questions that assessed participation in organized sports and television viewing. A two-way ANOVA was used to determine the interaction of gender and participation in organized sports on calcium intake, participation in physical activity, and television viewing. RESULTS: Participants were 338 boys (n=169) and girls (n=169) aged 5 to 12 yr. Mean (±SD) age, height, and weight were 9.3±1.1 yr, 135.3±10.1 cm, and 36.3±12.1 kg, respectively. The majority of the children were Caucasian (76%) or Hispanic (16%). Average (±SD) calcium intake, physical activity, and television viewing were 1287±592 mg/d, 455±387 min/wk, and 2.0±1.3 hr/d, respectively. Forty-four percent of the children reported participation in organized sports. There was no significant interaction of gender and participation in organized sports on physical activity or television viewing. However, there was a significant main effect of gender on physical activity with boys reporting more activity than girls (522±424 vs. 389±337 min/wk, p<01). There was a significant interaction of gender and sports participation on calcium intake with males in organized sports consuming more calcium than females in organized sports (1449±631 vs. 1144±540 mg/d, p<05). CONCLUSIONS: Children reported similar calcium intakes, minutes of physical activity, and hours of television viewing regardless of participation in organized sports. However, gender differences were observed with boys consuming more calcium and participating in more physical activity than girls.
Detection of beta-lactamase activity among clinical isolates of Branhamella catarrhalis with six different beta-lactamase assays

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A total of 74 different clinical isolates of Branhamella catarrhalis were examined for their ability to produce beta-lactamase by six different beta-lactamase assays. These included a conventional tube and disk test, in which the chromogenic cephalosporin nitrocefin was used as a substrate; a disk procedure, in which pyridinium-2-azo-p-dimethylanaline cephalosporin was used as a substrate; broth and disk acidometric methods; and a conventional tube iodometric assay. A total of 58 of the study isolates produced beta-lactamase. In all cases, positive results were obtained with the nitrocefin tube and disk assays after 1 min. With the pyridinium-2-azo-p-dimethylanaline cephalosporin disk test, 57 of the 58 beta-lactamase-producing strains yielded a positive reaction in 1 min; the remaining strain was positive after 10 min. None of the beta-lactamase-producing strains produced positive reactions by either the broth or disk acidometric methods after 1 min. With the broth test, 10 min was required for positive test results for 42 strains; 30 min was necessary for 16 strains. By the disk acidometric procedure, all 58 strains were positive after 10 min. Of 58 beta-lactamase-producing strains, 30 were positive by the iodometric assay after 1 min, 13 strains required 10 min, and 4 strains were detected as being beta-lactamase positive only after 30 min. One beta-lactamase-producing strain remained negative by the iodometric method. Among the 16 strains of B. catarrhalis that lacked beta-lactamase that were examined in this study, no false-positive results were obtained by any of the six assays.
An optimization method of product function configuration based on value analysis

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract

Product function configuration is important for customer satisfaction and enterprise profitability. In this paper, we attempt to apply the value engineering theory to optimize the configuration scheme. The concepts of customer perceived benefit, enterprise perceived cost and product function configuration value are discussed. The evaluation method of value elements based on utility theory is proposed, to quantify the function configuration value. The value model perfectly integrates the interests of the customer and the enterprise. The product function configuration optimization model is established and used to optimize an automatic transmission product configuration scheme. This optimization model based on value analysis can realize the game equilibrium between the customer and the enterprise, which attaches importance to the subjective feelings of them.
The Mold in Dr. Florey’s Coat: The Story of the Penicillin Miracle

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The discovery and development of penicillin was one of medicine’s great achievements of the 20th century. The fascinating story of the events behind the scenes is the subject of Eric Lax’s new book, which contains all the elements of a great novel: sex, money, ego, power, and jealousy, except it is factual, not fiction, with the dramatic background of World War II. Lax describes how the Oxford University team of researchers, led by Harold Florey, an Australian by birth, and Ernest Chain, a refugee from Hitler’s Germany, took the original scientific observations of Alexander Fleming that penicillin had bactericidal effects and developed and produced the wonder drug. What was amazing about their accomplishment was that their success was achieved in just four years with primitive tools and limited resources. Although Fleming, Florey, and Chain received the Nobel Prize in 1945, they did not benefit financially from their work. Rather, the...
Blood groups, Rh (D) status. Among a group of male Jordanian military personnel

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective : To determine the prevalence of blood groups, Rh (D) status among male Jordanian military personnel, with the aim of setting a policy for blood donation and transfusion in Jordan. Materials and methods : A total of 13807 male subjects took part in this study, as a part of a screening program performed in the Air Force Medical Facility over a two-year period from 1993 to 1994. The subjects' blood groups were estimated using the slide method. The subjects were divided into three groups northern part which include the governorates of Irbid and Mafraq; central part which include Amman, Balqa and Zarqa governorates, and the southern part which include Karak, Tafieleh and Ma'an. Results : Fifty two percent of the subjects were from the northern part, 36% from the central and 12% from the southern part. The percentage distribution of the blood groups A, B, AB and O 34.9% for group A, 14.9% for B, 4.6% for AB and 42.6% respectively. The Rh (D) status 14.9%, 4.6% for 0 respectively was positive in 97.6% for the whole group. Conclusion: This study showed significant differences between the percentage of blood group studied. This implies a greater emphasis on the national Registry for blood group estimation, and the need for setting a program for blood donation in different parts of the country.
At Home on the Street

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In their compelling examination of what it means to be truly at home on the street, Jason Wasserman and Jeffrey Clair argue that programs and policies addressing homeless people too often serve only to alienate them. Wasserman and Clair delve into the complex realities of homelessness to paint a vivid picture of individuals—not cases or pathologies—living on the street and of their strategies for daily survival. By exploring the private spaces that those who are homeless create for themselves, as well as their prevailing social mores, the authors explain how well-intentioned policies and programs often only widen the gap between the indigent and mainstream society. The result is an unvarnished look at the culture of long-term homelessness and a fresh approach to reaching this resurgent population.