jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Variable inhibitory effect of herbal supplements of different brands on human P450 CYP1A2.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Herbal supplements are not governed by the same regulations as prescription drugs, we hypothesize that the content of their active ingredients may vary largely among different manufacturers. This may produce variable therapeutic outcomes. This study aims to examine this hypothesis on commonly used herbal supplements among cancer patients. CYP1A2 has been implicated in the activation of many carcinogens and alteration in its activity may be a mechanism associated with the protective effect of herbal products. Activity of human CYP1A2 was used to determine the effect of four herbal supplements of different brands, namely, black cohosh (BC), ginseng, grape seed extract (GSE) and green tea extract (GTE). The herbal content was extracted with methanol, and extract aliquots were used to determine their effect on CYP1A2. Human liver microsomes, the CYP1A2 probe (7-ethoxyresorufin) and NADPH in buffer were incubated with and without herbal extract. Metabolite (resorufin) formation was monitored by HPLC. Seven BC products caused a mild inhibition of CYP1A2, ranging from 2.4 % by GNC Plus to 21.9 % by Nature's Resource. Among nine ginseng products tested, the inhibitory effect varied from 4.2 % by Imperial to 44.6 % by Solarays. The effect of nine GSE brands also varied, ranging from 1.7 % (Country Life) to 26.5 % (Veg Life). Of twelve GTE products, the inhibitory effect varied from 2.9 % by Henry's to 46.6 % by GNC Plus. It appears that the inhibition of selected herbal supplements on CYP1A2 activity varies considerably among different brands of the products. This may be due to variations in the herbal products' active ingredients content.
Bioinspired Continuum Robots with Programmable Stiffness by Harnessing Phase Change Materials (Adv. Mater. Technol. 6/2023)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Bioinspired Continuum Robots In article number 2201616, Ji Liu, Haijun Peng, Jianing Wu, and co-workers present a three-segment continuum robot constructed by a class-3 tensegrity structure, inspired by the mechanism of an elephant trunk for regulating local stiffness. It relies on a stiffness tunable material to achieve the robotic stiffness programmable characteristics. This study may provide a foundation for the potential application of continuum robots for interacting with unstructured environments.
Spectrally Resolved Super Resolution Raman Imaging of pH Probes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Spectrally resolved super resolution wide field Raman spectroscopy is an emerging tool for studying chemical changes with nanometer spatial resolution. This thesis applies super resolution algorithms to the spectral regions of wide field spectroscopic images to improve frequency assignments and provide a powerful new tool within the field of Raman microscopy. The ability to simultaneously acquire precise spatial and spectral information is demonstrated by monitoring the pH-sensitive frequency shift in 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) surface enhanced Raman spectra. Spectral stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) was achieved through gaussian fitting of intensity values in the first order diffraction signal, or spectrum, recorded from a qCMOS detector, calibration of the horizontal-axis pixel position to Raman shift, quantification of spectral fluctuations throughout the spectrum using histograms, and consequent spectral reconstruction. The precision of this spectral STORM analysis was compared to traditional second derivative and curve-fitting methods of improving frequency assignments and determined to yield the most precise pH determination when analyzing the frequency difference between two vibrational modes in 4-MBA. The difference between the two prominent modes in the 4-MBA SERS spectra was correlated to the pH of different buffer solutions to create Raman titration curves using both spectrally resolved wide field Raman spectroscopy and confocal Raman spectroscopy. Similar frequency differences were obtained with both methods, but more precise characterization of the nanoparticles’ pH was obtained with spectral STORM wide field Raman spectroscopy. This approach was used to investigate the 4-MBA SERS spectra within in-vitro cell samples, where spectral STORM analysis successfully determined the frequency differences in 4-MBA. Future experiments are necessary to better understand aggregation effects of gold nanospheres within cell samples and their effects on the SERS spectra.
Effects of latanoprost 50 micrograms/ml on Chinese patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Topical latanoprost is effective in reducing IOP for patients with POAG and OH. The pressure-lowering effect lasts for at least 24 hours after 1 drop instillation and no drift of effect is noted during this 12-week study. Conjunctival hyperemia was the most common side-effect, which was mild in degree and recovered after discontinuation of the medication.
q 1999 American Meteorological Society Linear and Nonlinear Vortex Motion in an Asymmetric Balance Shallow Water Model

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This work extends asymmetric balance (AB) theory to the beta plane (b-AB). The physical problem examined is the motion of a coherent vortex on a beta plane in a finite depth fluid in the absence of an environmental steering flow. A useful attribute of the b-AB formulation is that it allows one to separate the linear and nonlinear balance contributions to the vortex motion when the standard Rossby number is not small compared to unity. It is therefore well suited for testing the hurricane-motion paradigm proposed by Willoughby for equivalent barotropic dynamics. The b-AB model is formulated first for linear shallow water dynamics on a circular vortex forced by the meridional gradient of planetary vorticity (the beta effect) in an earth-based coordinate system. The linear dynamics precludes wave–wave and wave–mean flow interactions. From incipient vortices to hurricanes, the b-AB model correctly develops the wavenumber-one asymmetries (the ‘‘beta’ ’ gyres) necessary for vortex self-advection. Cyclonic vortices move in a northwestward direction consistent with their relative strengths. In contrast to Willoughby’s predictions of a persistent acceleration in the linear problem, numerical simulations with the linear b-AB model suggest that finite drift speeds are always attained in a finite depth fluid. The present findings extend the theoretical predictions of a finite linear drift speed for stable quasigeostrophic vortices by Sutyrin
Multistep hepatocarcinogenesis in transgenic mice harboring SV40 T-antigen gene.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We have developed transgenic mice that inherit albumin promoter-regulated simian virus 40 (SV40) large T-antigen gene, expressed specifically in hepatocytes. These mice all develop multifocal hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) at around 5 months and die of liver insufficiency by 7 months in remarkable synchrony. The liver tissue appears normal in the initial 3 weeks, and thereafter rapid cytomegalic degeneration of original hepatocytes, proliferation of quasi-regenerative hepatocytes, neoplastic cell foci, nodules and finally HCCs develop in sequence. Considerable variation existed both in morphological and enzymatic features and in T-antigen expression among neoplastic lesions, including carcinomas. Oligonucleotide hybridization studies revealed activating point mutations of the c-H-ras oncogene in 40% (10/25) of tumors obtained at around 6 months. The positive signals were, however, considerably weaker in half of them suggesting that such tumors comprised cells both with and without ras mutation. Sequential observation of culture cell lines established from tumors also revealed the appearance of activated c-H-ras with time, which was associated with biological progression. Thus, in this model system, ras activation may be an event occurring in a relatively late phase of carcinogenesis associated with progression of tumors. Karyotype analysis of cell lines revealed remarkable chromosomal instability. In studies of sister chromatid exchange in hepatocytes, twice as frequent occurrence was demonstrated in transgenic mice as in their counterpart hepatocytes. Thus T-antigen may be contributing as a mutagen to the hepatocarcinogenesis, in addition to its cytotoxic and growth modifying activities.
Dose Assessments to the Hands of Radiopharmaceutical Workers

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This paper describes the characterization of radiation doses to the hands of nuclear medicine technicians resulting from the handling of radiopharmaceuticals. Radiation monitoring using ring dosimeters indicates that finger dosimeters may overestimate or underestimate the radiation doses to the skin that are used to show compliance with applicable regulations depending on the nature of the particular procedure and the radioisotope being handled. To better understand the parameters governing the absorbed dose distributions, a detailed model of the hands was created and used in Monte Carlo simulations of selected nuclear medicine procedures. Simulations on realistic configurations typical for workers handling radiopharmaceuticals were performed for a range of energies of the source photons. The lack of charged-particle equilibrium necessitated full photon-electron coupled transport calculations. The results show that the dose to different regions of the fingers can differ substantially from the dosimeters' readings when the dosimeters are located at the base of the finger. We tried to identify consistent patterns that relate the actual dose to the dosimeter readings. These patterns depend on the specific work conditions and can be used to better assess the absorbed dose to different regions of the exposed skin.
[A complete response using TS-1 in a patient with paramesenteric lymph node recurrence of gastric cancer].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 86-year-old male patient underwent distal gastrectomy, D2 lymph node dissection for type 2 gastric cancer. Five months after the surgery, abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed paramesenteric vein lymph node recurrence (# 14v), 12 mm in size. TS-1 (80 mg/day) was administered for 28 days, followed by 14 days rest, as one course. A complete response was obtained after the second course. The patient has been in good health without a recurrence for 36 weeks after 5 courses. As for adverse events, leukopenia (grade 2) was observed temporarily but required no treatment.
Performance analysis of parametric estimation for indoor localization applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This report evaluate on the study of the channel parameters, channel transmission line, channel measurements in the frequency domain of 2GHz to 3GHz, and performance analysis for channel measurements within the infinitus laboratory. This experiment measurement consists of antenna choosing, connection of coaxial cable making for transmission line, calibration for the Agilent PNA-X Network Analyzer N5244A (VNA), and performance analysis. And this measurement is to collect channel transfer functions at the laboratory to stimulate the Line-Of-Sight configuration. The testing of bi-conical antenna is conducted by measuring its return power loss and the radiation pattern by applying the theory of S parameter and the polarization. The purpose of the experiment also includes the collective data which is constructed by the time domain response and the power delay profiles of the channels. In this project, an Agilent PNA-X Network Analyzer N5244A (VNA) to perform a localisation sweep with the power level is recorded for studies. Based on the result, of the analysis of the channel parameters, the presence of direct Line-Of-Sight path will produce a lot of multipath delay at the receiver side. This is been address as the power delay profile in the time domain.
Beam Structured Signal Detection for HF Skywave Massive MIMO Communications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we investigate signal detection for HF skywave massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation. We first introduce beam based channel model (BBCM) in the space domain and reveal the sparsity of the channel in the space-beam domain. Based on the BBCM in the space domain, we propose a beam structured detector (BSD) for each subcarrier. Specifically, we prove that the space domain detector design can be transformed to that of a beam domain detector without sacrificing optimality, and the asymptotically optimal space domain detector is beam structured with a low-dimensional beam domain detector, thus significantly reducing the design and implementation complexities. Furthermore, we provide a beam selection criterion to choose the beams that are used for the BSD. Simulation results demonstrate the low complexity and satisfactory performance of the proposed detector.
Breast cancer cells promote osteoblastic differentiation via Sema 3A signaling pathway in vitro.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Breast cancer bone metastases are attributed to multiple cellular and molecular interactions between the cancer cells and the bone microenvironment. Some breast cancers (about 10%) manifest predominant osteoblastic bone metastases. However, the effects of cancer cell-produced factors on osteoblastic differentiation are not fully understood. Semaphorin 3A (Sema 3A) is a newly identified regulatory factor of bone rebuilding. In the present study, we demonstrated that human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, which preferentially form osteoblastic bone metastases, exhibited increased Sema 3A expression levels. We also found that MCF-7 cell-derived Sema 3A stimulated osteoblastic differentiation and nuclear β-catenin accumulation, and these effects could be blocked by shRNA Sema 3A or a Sema 3A-neutralizing antibody. In conclusion, our data suggest that MCF-7 cell-derived Sema 3A plays a causative role in osteoblastic bone metastases progression by stimulating osteoblastic differentiation.
A Comparison of Interns' Concerns and Cooperating Teachers' Perceptions of Intern Concerns before and after Internship.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT This study sought to identify and compare the concerns of teaching interns (N-56) with cooperating teachers' (1437) perceptions of intern concerns before and after a 10-week internship period. Tr' provide insight into the differences, the Johari Window framework, a technique used in group process programs to depict how individuals give and receive knowledge and beliefs about themselves and others, was employed. A survey instrument was developed based on written concerns stated by interns; the most frequently mentioned concerns were coded and collapsed with items classified as instructional, classroom management, discipline, and attitudinal. Findings included a significant difference in intern concern about how to handle a child who becomes violent and aggressive when reprimanded; the experience of cooperating teachers was reflected in anticipation of concerns that had not yet become important for interns, such as how to tell if a child is really sick; and cooperating teachers viewed the internship as the beginning of a lifelong process of professional development, while interns saw it as the completion of their college career. Figures depicting concerns adapted from the Johari Window framework are appended. (LL)
Two-photon absorption induced drug delivery from polymeric intraocular lenses

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Secondary cataracts are quite often observed after implantation of polymeric intraocular lenses. The reason for this complication is that lens epithelial cells remain in the capsular bag when the natural lens is removed. They begin proliferation and cause secondary cataracts. It is not desireable to add cell toxic agents at the time of the implantation because wound healing is negatively affected. We have developed polymeric intraocular lenses which are equipped with a drug depot which may be released non-invasively through photochemical treatment. In the example presented the drug is 5-fluoruracil (5FU) which is covalently bound to the polymer. Deliberation of 5FU from the polymer is done photochemically. Since light is transmitted permanently through the artificial intraocular lens and wearing of special glasses by the patient should be omitted conventional photochemistry is not a suitable tool for the drug release. The polymer-5FU linkage is designed in a way that it has a high two-photon absorption cross-section. Two-photon absorption is used to selectively release 5FU from the lens. The one-photon reaction is blocked since the cornea does absorb UV light. The principle shown here is not limited to 5FU but may be applied to other drugs also.
Unleashing the Potential of Tannic Acid in Dentistry: A Scoping Review of Applications

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

(1) Background: Tannic acid (TA), a water-soluble polyphenol extensively found in numerous plant species, possesses antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and adhesive properties. This scoping review aims to synthesize existing knowledge on TA applications and unveil its potential uses in dentistry. (2) Methods: A comprehensive search across six electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Opengrey) was conducted in October 2024. Two reviewers performed the screening and risk of bias analysis independently following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The findings are presented in a narrative summary. (3) Results: Five hundred and twelve records were identified from the electronic databases. After removing duplicates and applying eligibility criteria, ninety-six studies were ultimately included in this review. Results indicate that TA has been employed in managing dentin hypersensitivity, dental caries, periodontal and mucosal diseases, as well as dentition defects with prostheses. Furthermore, TA displays potential in enhancing the performance of bonding adhesives, root canal irrigants, and root canal filling materials. However, it is noteworthy that the included studies exhibit varied experimental settings, inconsistent outcome measures, a lack of extensive clinical research, and insufficient observation periods. (4) Conclusions: TA is a promising biomaterial with applications to various dental fields, such as endodontics, periodontology, prosthodontics, and dental public health. Its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and adhesive properties warrant future exploration to unleash these potentials and provide robust scientific evidence that guides clinical practice and advances oral healthcare.
Multi-Objective EMI Optimisation using a Metamodel-based SiC/GaN Converter and NSGA II

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In Multi-Objective optimization (MOO) many conflicting key performance indicators (KPIs) require a large number of simulations to be carried out to obtain the Pareto fronts. The surrogate model-based approach allows faster model evaluation, easing the burden of MOO. This document presents the MOO of a Kriging-based metamodel of a half bridge circuit combined with an electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) to comply with EMC limits. Out of a total of 14 design parameters which concern both the functional and the EMI design of the system, we study five dimensions in detail and obtain Pareto-optimal designs with a good compromise between fast switching and EMC compliance.
Dynamics of Entangled Polymeric Fluids in Two-roll Mill studied via Dynamic Light Scattering and Two-color flow Birefringence. I. Steady flow

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We present the experimental results on a series of high molecular weight, entangled polystyrene solutions subjected to a ``mixed'' shear and elongational flow-type generated in a co-rotating two-roll mill. For steady-flows as well as for start-up of flows from rest, we used two different optical methods to study the dynamics of entangled polymeric fluids: two-color flow birefringence (TCFB) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Using the TCFB method, we measured the birefringence, $Δn$, and the orientation angle, $χ$, of the optic axes in the solution and thereby the generalized viscosity function, $η$ (with the use of stress-optical relations). The DLS method was applied to measure the velocity-gradient, \gdot, and the flow-type parameter $λ$ for the polymer solutions under flow conditions identical to the TCFB measurements. For low deformation rates the symmetry of the flow-field was reduced with the use of polymeric fluids compared to that seen with a Newtonian fluid. A molecular constitutive Doi-Edwards-Marrucci-Grizzuti (DEMG) model which includes polymer chain-stretching effects, has been used to numerically simulate the predictions for $Δn$, $χ$, and $η$ under steady flow conditions for the polystyrene fluids with \gdot and $λ$, measured via DLS, as inputs to the model. A detailed comparison of the DEMG model predictions with the experimental results shows that the model works qualitatively as well as quantitatively for the low and intermediate deformation rates, but fails at high rates of deformation by predicting a stronger chain-stretching than observed experimentally. The effect of polymer molecular-weight and number of entanglements per chain are highlighted.
Students Teams – Achievement Division (STAD) for enhancing speaking performance and teamwork satisfaction in English as a second language (ESL) classrooms

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to examine students’ perceptions toward the use of the Students Teams – Achievement
Division (STAD) in enhancing their English speaking performance. This study also investigated the extent to which
teamwork satisfaction can beachieved through the application of STAD. STAD is a cooperative learning strategy that
involves small groups of students with different levels of abilities collaborating to accomplish a shared learning
goal. A total of 73 students in a government-funded national school in a suburban area of the district of Semenyih,
Selangor, Malaysia were selected through purposive sampling in this study. Students were assigned to five or six-member heterogeneous groups, and a three-step cycle was initiated once the assignment of students was created. The
three-step cycle included teaching, team study, and testing. Data was collected via a survey and a set of questionnaires
was distributed to the students after applying STAD in their lessons for two months. The findings obtained provided
evidence that students were generally positive about using STAD to enhance their speaking performance and teamwork
satisfaction. Thus, it can be concluded from this study that STAD encourages students to actively participate in the
classroom, build up their confidence, and improve their communication skills. It was therefore recommended that
teachers should consider using STAD in teaching English and other content areas, utilizing students’ collaboration to
enhance learning and maximize interaction among the group.
Supplementary Methods, Figures Legends 1-5 from Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 Infection of IFNγ Unresponsive Mice: A Small Animal Model for Gammaherpesvirus-Associated B-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplementary Methods, Figures Legends 1-5 from Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 Infection of IFNγ Unresponsive Mice: A Small Animal Model for Gammaherpesvirus-Associated B-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disease