jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
GPC1 exosome and its regulatory miRNAs are specific markers for the detection and target therapy of colorectal cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Colorectal cancer ( CRC ) is the second leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. However, a biomarker for a sensitive and simple diagnostic test and highly effective target therapy of CRC is still clinically unavailable. This study is to investigate the evidence and significance of plasma GPC 1 positive exosomes as a biomarker of CRC . Results showed that GPC 1 + exosomes were successfully isolated from tissues and plasma. The percentage of GPC 1 + exosomes and the GPC 1 protein expression in exosomes from tumour tissues and plasma of CRC patients before surgical treatment was significantly elevated compared to that in the peritumoural tissues and the plasma of healthy controls. miR‐96‐5p and miR‐149 expression in tumour tissues and plasma of CRC patients as well as in the GPC 1 + exosomes from CRC patients were significantly decreased compared to that in the peritumoural tissues and the plasma of healthy controls. Two months after surgical treatment, levels of all tested markers significantly normalized. Overexpression of miR‐96‐5p and miR‐149 significantly decreased GPC 1 expression in HT ‐29 and HCT ‐116 cells, xenograft tumours, plasma in mice bearing HT ‐29 and HCT ‐116 tumours, and the secretion of GPC 1 + exosomes from the HT ‐29 and HCT ‐116 cells and xenograft tumours. Overexpression of miR‐96‐5p and miR‐149 significantly decreased cell viability and increased cell apoptosis in HT ‐29 and HCT ‐116 cells, and inhibited the growth of xenograft HT ‐29 and HCT ‐116 tumours. In conclusion, the increased plasma GPC 1 + exosomes and reduced plasma miR‐96‐5p and miR‐149 expression are specific markers for the diagnosis of CRC and targets for the therapy of CRC .
An annotated checklist of Namibian Dolichopodidae (Diptera) with the description of a new species of Grootaertia and a key to species of the genus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Grichanov, I. Ya., Kirk-Spriggs, A. H., Grootaert, P. (2006): An annotated checklist of Namibian Dolichopodidae (Diptera) with the description of a new species of Grootaertia and a key to species of the genus. African Invertebrates 47: 207, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7667385
Atomic layer deposition of oxide coatings on porous metal and polymer structures fabricated by additive manufacturing methods (laser-based powder bed fusion, material extrusion, material jetting)

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Complex porous 316 L stainless steel, Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-6Al-7Nb, ULTEM™ 1010 and MED610™ polymer structures were produced with additive manufacturing methods. The structures were surface functionalized by atomic layer deposition of titanium, zinc and zirconium oxide coatings with a thickness between 14 and 43 nm. Deep and narrow structures with aspect ratios >10 could be coated. Titanium oxide films are mostly amorphous when plasma-assisted deposition is used and contain nanocrystalline anatase when deposited by thermal atomic layer deposition. The deposited titanium oxide grains ranged in size from ∼20 to 60 nm. In interior parts of the fractured porous polymer model structures with pore sizes of 1–2 mm, both thermal and plasma-assisted titanium oxide thin films and partly delamination were detected. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed almost stoichiometric composition and dominance of the Ti (IV) oxidation state at a 250 °C deposition temperature. Zinc oxide coatings in porous polymer model structures partly delaminate as well, while adhesion and homogeneity is higher for printed Ti-6Al-7Nb lattice structures with a 0.5-mm mesh size. Zirconium oxide coatings on Ti-6Al-4V lattice structures with a 0.8-mm mesh size are comparable to zinc oxide coatings but are mostly crystalline. This is attributed to the relatively high, 300 °C deposition temperature. The findings demonstrate potential but also limitations of combined additive manufacturing and atomic layer deposition for medicine and energy production applications. In addition, the results confirm previous studies that metallic and polymeric substrate materials and process conditions strongly influence the coating structure and composition, and individual development of each intended application is required.
Multi-Contrast Mr Reconstruction with Enhanced Denoising Autoencoder Prior Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes an enhanced denoising autoencoder prior (EDAEP) learning framework for accurate multi-contrast MR image reconstruction. A multi-model structure with various noise levels is designed to capture features of different scales from different contrast images. Furthermore, a weighted aggregation strategy is proposed to balance the impact of different model outputs, making the performance of the proposed model more robust and stable while facing noise attacks. The model was trained to handle three different sampling patterns and different acceleration factors on two public datasets. Results demonstrate that our proposed method can improve the quality of reconstructed images and outperform the previous state-of-the-art approaches. The code is available at https://github.com/yqx7150.
Culture Clashes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter reviews fundamental U.S. constitutional law in relation to privacy; the various United States federal privacy laws in relation to government surveillance of online communications by private citizens; cases related to these issues, recent amendments and proposed amendments to U.S. law; comparisons to law in other countries. It concludes that this particular area of law, at least in the United States, United Kingdom, India, Australia and Canada, which continues to be hotly debated, has no resolution in sight, and the difficult problem of balancing national security and privacy while maintaining constitutional protections in democracies is still a problem in search of a solution.
A Study on Common Fixed Point of Joint Generalized Cyclic Weak Nonexpansive Mappings and Generalized Cyclic Contractions in Quasi Metric Spaces

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This manuscript proves the existence of a single common fixed point of two joint generalized cyclic weak nonexpansive mappings, where and are compact sets. The result in particular demonstrated a single fixed point of generalized cyclic weak nonexpansive mappings, without the assumption of a single contracting point. Additionally, it introduces new types of generalized cyclic contraction mappings and describes the existence of a single fixed point of them in - metric spaces. Finally, the presented results establish a simpler convergence theorem for a sequence of generalized cyclic contraction mappings, extend, and generalize some of the previous reported results.
Predictors of Impaired Glucose Regulation in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction . Many patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have impaired glucose regulation or type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). We investigated characteristics of NAFLD patients associated with hyperglycemia. Methods . During a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), serum glucose and insulin were measured in 152 NAFLD patients. Results . 48.7% of NAFLD patients had hyperglycemia. Age (odds ratio(OR)=1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–1.13), body mass index (BMI) (OR=1.12, 95% CI: 1.01–1.25), and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR=0.95, 95% CI: 0.92–0.98) proved to be independent predictors of hyperglycemia. After OGTT, 30 min insulin was lower in hyperglycemic patients (74.2±49.7versus94.5±53.9 μIU/mL,P=0.02), while 90 min insulin (170.1±84.6versus122.9±97.7 μU/mL,P=0.01) and 120 min insulin (164.0±101.2versus85.3±61.9 μIU/mL,P<0.01) were higher. Conclusions . NAFLD patients with higher BMI, lower HDL-C, or older age were more likely to have impaired glucose metabolism. An OGTT could be of value for early diagnosis of DM among this population.
Acanthopanax henryi: Review of Botany, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Acanthopanax henryi (Oliv.) Harms (Araliaceae), also known as Eleutherococcus henryi and Caoyewujia (Hengliwujia) in Chinese, is a widely used traditional Chinese herb with the effects of expelling wind and removing dampness, relaxing the muscles and stimulating the blood circulation, and regulating the flow of qi to alleviate pain in the theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Acanthopanax henryi (AH, thereafter) possesses ginseng-like activities and is known as ginseng-like herb. In the past decade, a great number of phytochemical and pharmacological studies on AH have been carried out. Several kinds of chemical compositions have been reported, including terpenoids (monoterpenoids, diterpenoids, and triterpenoid saponins), phenylpropanoids, caffeoyl quinic acid derivatives, flavonoids, lignans, sterols, fatty acids, etc., among which, triterpenoid saponins were considered to be the most active components. Considerable pharmacological experiments in vitro have demonstrated that AH possessed anti-neuroinflammatory, anti-adipogenic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, anti-AChE, anti-BuChE, and antihyaluronidase activities. The present review is an up-to-date and comprehensive analysis of the botany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of AH.
Clinical characteristics and drug susceptibility profiles of Mycobacterium abscessus complex infection at a medical school in Thailand

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives This study investigated the differences in epidemiological and clinical data, and antimicrobial susceptibilities among different subspecies of Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABSC) clinical isolates at a medical school in Thailand. Methods A total of 143 MABSC clinical isolates recovered from 74 patients were genotypically analyzed for erm (41), rrl , and rrs mutations, and antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined using a broth microdilution method. Patient characteristics and clinical outcomes were reviewed from the medical records. Results Seventy-four patients were infected with 28/74 (37.8%) M. abscessus subspecies abscessus (MAB), 43/74 (58.1%) M. abscessus subsp. massiliense (MMA), and 3/74 (4.1%) M. abscessus subsp. bolletii (MBO). The clinical findings and outcomes were generally indistinguishable between the three subspecies. All three subspecies of MABSC clinical isolates exhibited high resistance rates to ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, moxifloxacin, TMP/SMX, and tobramycin. MAB had the highest resistance rates to clarithromycin (27.8%, 20/72) and amikacin (6.9%, 5/72) compared to MBO and MMA, with p < 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively. In addition, the rough morphotype was significantly associated with resistance to amikacin (8.9%, 5/56), clarithromycin (26.8%, 15/56), and imipenem (76.8%, 43/56) ( p < 0.001), whereas the smooth morphotype was resistant to linezolid (57.1%, 48/84) ( p = 0.002). In addition, T28 of erm (41), rrl (A2058C/G and A2059C/G), and rrs (A1408G) mutations were detected in 87.4% (125/143), 16.1% (23/143), and 9.1% (13/143) of MABSC isolates, respectively. Conclusions Three MABSC subspecies caused a variety of infections in patients with different underlying comorbidities. The drug susceptibility patterns of the recent circulating MABSC strains in Thailand were different among the three MABSC subspecies and two morphotypes.
A study of microwear on chimpanzee molars: Implications for dental microwear analysis

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract Recent investigations of dental microwear have shown that such analyses may ultimately provide valuable information about the diets of fossil species. However, no background information about intraspecific variability of microwear patterns has been available until now. This study presents the results of an SEM survey of microwear patterns found on occlusal enamel of chimpanzee molars. Methods of pattern analysis are described. Selected sites on the occlusal surface included shearing, grinding, and puncture‐crushing surfaces formed by both phases of the power stroke of mastication. The microwear patterns found in this sample of chimpanzees showed a high degree of regularity. However, certain parameters such as relative pit‐to‐striation frequencies, feature density, striation length, and pit diameter were significantly affected by facet type and molar position. Sex and age of individuals also influenced some microwear parameters, but due to the small sample size these findings are considered to be preliminary. These results show that microwear within a single species may vary because of factors that are due more to biomechanics than to diet. The study also supplies some metrical estimates of “normal” pattern variability due to functional and morphological influences. These estimates should provide a useful baseline for assessing the significance of microwear pattern differences that may be found between species of differing diets.
Catalysis by tertiary chalcogenonium salts

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The synthetic utility of onium salts is widely recognized in organic chemistry. Among the wide variety of onium salt compounds, quaternary ammonium and phosphonium salts are known as representative organocatalysts. Although the catalytic abilities of these group 15 onium compounds are well documented in the literature, organocatalysis by chalcogenonium salts as group 16 onium compounds has remained out of the spotlight until only recently. Several research groups, however, have noticed the catalytic potential of organo-chalcogenonium compounds based on the characteristics of group 16 elements in recent years. This mini-review introduces the high potential of tertiary chalcogenonium salts as effective organocatalysts for a variety of organic transformations.
Relationship between smoking characteristics and obesity among military personnel in Korea : Data from smoking cessation clinics, 2009∼2017

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate trends of smoking characteristics and to identify the relationship between smoking characteristics and obesity among military personnel in Korea. Methods: The study participants were 50,680 military personnel who participated smoking cessation clinic from January in 2009 to December in 2017(excluded in 2011). Obesity was defined as body mass index≥25kg/m2. Smoking characteristics was included cigarettes of smoked per day, age of initial smoking, smoking duration, and nicotine dependence. Binominal logistic regression analysis was performed to confirm the relationship of smoking and obesity among military personnel. Results: The prevalence of obesity of study subjects was 20.4%. The military personnel were more likely to be obese if they who smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day(adjusted OR 2.271, CI 2.027-2.545), who smoked for more than 10 years(adjusted OR 2.046, CI 1.820-2.299), and who smoked their initial smoking at later than 20 years(adjusted OR 1.357, CI 1.223-1.493). Conclusions: Obesity is closely related to cigarettes of smoked per day, age of initial smoking and smoking duration among military personnel. Thus, intervention included both smoking cessation and weight control are necessary for smokers with obese who are interested in losing weight among military personnel.
Pendampingan Produksi Pembuatan Siaran Audio (Podcast) Sebagai Perwujudan Katekese Digital Gereja Katolik

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This activity is part of the continuation of research on Media Literacy conducted in 2019. The results of the research show that from each skill in media literacy problems arise at the technical skill level and communicative abilities level. These problems are of course the main focus of this activity, especially regarding participation in content creation to maximize communication abilities through applications. Based on the background of the above problems, Audio Broadcasting Production Assistance (Podcast) was carried out as the embodiment of the Catholic Church's Digital Catechism. This assistance is intended, to provide a new way of packaging the message of tempestuous life for all people. The target object of abdimas is the Catholic Church of Saint Yusup Karanpilang. In the context of communication, the Catholic Church of Saint Joseph, including the late majority. So it is deemed necessary to provide assistance so that the content that is disseminated to the public can be accepted and is good for presentation.
Edukasi dan Pelatihan Deteksi Dini Stroke Metode Fast Pada Lansia di Puskesmas Andalas

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Stroke attacks occur suddenly and unpredictably, so the FAST method is very helpful in reducing the number of pain and death due to stroke. The advantage of the FAST method in early detection is that it can be done independently at various times, with the best time in the morning. Education and training in the form of counseling and workshops are given to the elderly of the Andalas Health Center, which aims to provide knowledge about stroke and train fast method skills so that the elderly can make early detection of stroke. Counseling method using power points and leaflets given to the elderly. When the counseling was carried out, participants were immediately given practical material on the FAST method. The assessment of the scoring workshop is used to see the knowledge and improvement of the skills of the elderly on the material presented. The results of the scoring assessment were obtained by the elderly of the Andalas Health Center to get the skills of the FAST method perfectly.
Three electrostatic temperature drift instabilities

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This paper considers temperature drift instabilities, modes which can be driven unstable solely by a temperature gradient perpendicular to a magnetic field. The linear electrostatic dispersion relation for a Vlasov plasma in a uniform magnetic field is used and propagation is assumed to be in the plane perpendicular to the gradient. Three temperature drift instabilities have been found. The ion temperature drift instability arises at frequencies much below the ion cyclotron frequency, the electron temperature drift instability propagates somewhat below that frequency and the lower-hybrid temperature drift instability has frequencies above the lower-hybrid frequency. The first of these modes is driven by an ion temperature gradient and is enhanced by increasing T e / T i . The latter two modes are driven by an electron temperature gradient and are enhanced by a decreasing T e / T i . Density gradients are considered as an additional source of free energy, and comparisons of temperature drift with density drift instabilities are made.
Roles of Electron Correlations in the Spin-Triplet Superconductivity of Sr2RuO4

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We discuss a microscopic mechanism of the spin-tiplet superconductivity in the quasi-two-dimensional ruthenium oxide Sr2RuO4 on the basis of two-dimensional three-band Hubbard model. We solve the linearized Eliashberg equation by taking into account the full momentum-frequency dependence of the order parameter for the spin-triplet and the spin-singlet states, and estimate the transition temperature as a function of the Coulomb integrals. The effective pairing interaction is expanded perturbatively with respect to the Coulomb interaction at the Ru sites up to the third order. As a result, we show that the spin-triplet p-wave state is more stable than the spin-singlet d-wave state for moderately strong Coulomb interaction. Our results suggest that one of the three bands, $\gamma$, plays a dominant role in the superconducting transition, and the pairing on the other two bands($\alpha$ and $\beta$) is induced passively through the inter-orbit couplings. The most significant momentum dependence for the p-wave pairing originates from the vertex correction terms, while the incommensurate antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations, which are observed in inelastic neutron scattering experiments, are expected to disturb the p-wave pairing by enhancing the d-wave pairing. Therefore we can regard the spin-triplet superconductivity in Sr2RuO4 as one of the natural results of the electron correlations, and cannot consider as a result of some strong magnetic fluctuations. We will also mention the normal Fermi liquid properties of Sr2RuO4.
Transitory microbial habitat in the hyperarid Atacama Desert

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Significance It has remained an unresolved question whether microorganisms recovered from the most arid environments on Earth are thriving under such extreme conditions or are just dead or dying vestiges of viable cells fortuitously deposited by atmospheric processes. Based on multiple lines of evidence, we show that indigenous microbial communities are present and temporally active even in the hyperarid soils of the Atacama Desert (Chile). Following extremely rare precipitation events in the driest parts of this desert, where rainfall often occurs only once per decade, we were able to detect episodic incidences of biological activity. Our findings expand the range of hyperarid environments temporarily habitable for terrestrial life, which by extension also applies to other planetary bodies like Mars.
Spontaneously Occurring Milk Antibodies In Mongoloids

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An unusually high incidence of pneumonia and other respiratory infections has been reported in mongoloids. 1,2 My experience with large numbers of mongoloids in both inpatient and outpatient settings has also indicated that they have an unusual susceptibility to recurrent pneumonias and frequently have chronic upper respiratory symptoms. These same patients have frequently had iron-deficiency anemia. These symptoms show a striking similarity to the syndrome reported to be associated with milk precipitins. This syndrome of recurrent pneumonia, upper respiratory symptoms, failure to thrive, and chronic iron-deficiency type anemia was first described by Heiner et al. 3 Subsequently, others have described the syndrome in more detail. 4,5 Since many mongoloids show all or part of this picture, we studied a group for the presence of antibodies to milk. Population Studied Twenty mongoloid patients were selected to give a cross section in respect to age and sex of the total mongoloid population