jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Salivary gland disease in dogs and cats

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Background In general practice it is common to be presented with patients that suffer from salivary gland disease, particularly salivary sialoceles. This disease affects all salivary glands, although most commonly the sublingual salivary gland. There are various treatment approaches that should be considered. The second most common salivary gland disease is salivary gland neoplasia, particularly adenocarcinomas – surgery can be curative when the tumour is confined to the capsule; however, in many cases, these tumours are more invasive and local reoccurrence can occur. Aim of the article This article discusses the different treatments for salivary sialoceles, paying particular attention to the different approaches for the surgical resection of the mandibular and sublingual salivary gland. It also discusses the surgical treatment methods for parotid and zygomatic sialoceles, as well as salivary gland neoplasia and other less common pathologies.
Status of the Milagro Gamma Ray Observatory - eScholarship

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Milagro Gamma Ray Observatory is the world's first large-area water Cherenkov detector capable of continuously monitoring the sky at TeV energies. Located in northern New Mexico, Milagro will perform an all sky survey of the Northern Hemisphere at energies between ~250 GeV and 50 TeV. With a high duty cycle, large detector area (~5000 square meters), and a wide field-of-view (~1 sr), Milagro is uniquely capable of searching for transient and DC sources of high-energy gamma-ray emission. Milagro has been operating since February, 1999. The current status of the Milagro Observatory and initial results will be discussed.
Personalized Medicine : Pharmacogenetic Testing in Drug Development and Clinical Practice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

For drugs that are registered on the market, efficacy was proven on a population level. However, on an individual level, most drugs have a different effect in different patients. They may fail to work in some patients or cause serious side effects. Pharmacogenetic research studies the contribution of genetic variation to interindividual variability in response to medication. The aim is to optimize drug response for an individual patient by using his genetic profile in treatment decisions. In this thesis we investigated the use of pharmacogenetics throughout different phases of drug research as well as in day-to-day use in the post-marketing phase. Firstly, we studied which randomized controlled trial (RCT) designs are suitable for research aimed either to establish whether a subgroup of patients identified by genetic characteristics responds differently to the treatment, or to verify whether a proposed genotype-guided treatment is beneficial over standard care. In late phase drug development, involvement of pharmacogenetics may also influence the RCT design. The aim at that moment is to establish the benefit of the developed drug over placebo or an alternative treatment for the study population, though if there is evidence of effect modification by a genomic marker, the choice of study population and treatment may be complicated. We showed the potential benefit of adaptive RCT designs for such situations, which enable researchers to learn about the effect of the genetic variability on drug response and to immediately use this information for the remainder of the study. Secondly, we evaluated the value of pharmacogenetic testing in clinical practice in two different medical fields. We showed that genetic markers have added value over non-genetic factors in predicting whether a patient with elevated cholesterol levels will benefit from using a statin. Not only single polymorphisms but also gene-gene interactions seem valuable to examine in future modelling of statin response. In psychiatric practice, we showed that the presence of aberrant drug metabolism predicted by CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 impacts the consumption of care for patients using antidepressants and antipsychotics. Our results indicate that at this moment, knowledge of a patient’s predicted phenotype is not sufficient to avoid unsatisfactory drug responses and that genotype-guided treatment advices need to be improved. An important precondition for this type of research is the establishment of biobanks. We argue that an enhanced opt-in procedure is ethically necessary for the storage of samples from psychiatric patients. At this moment, only a small number of pharmacogenetic tests are currently routinely used in clinical practice. We conclude therefore with a discussion on potential barriers hindering the implementation of pharmacogenetic testing. We describe scientific, methodological and industrial barriers and focus on the apparent asymmetry between pharmacogenetic research aimed at drug safety and at drug efficacy.
Voltage unbalance compensation in islanded microgrid system by using negative sequence current feedback

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Power quality control still remains as one of major research topic in power engineering. Weak power quality affects the reliability and efficiency of the utility and consumers. One of the contributing factors is voltage unbalance which could potentially affects sensitive equipment such as electronics and induction motors. With the use of hierarchical control having primary and secondary control, this paper will introduce the use of voltage unbalance compensation and negative sequence current feedback in an islanded microgrid to improve overall power quality. With the installation of proportional integral (PI) controllers in each individual Distributed generator (DG), it is able to exchange data with its neighbouring DGs. A total of 3 DGs will be connected to the point of common coupling (PCC) in parallel with simulation of unbalanced loads using MATLAB.
Beamforming with relays in multicell networks based on correlation knowledge

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In a multicell network with a frequency reuse-1, intercell interference (ICI) is a limiting factor. Especially cell edge users are subject to strong ICI. With beamforming the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) of the cell edge users can be improved. Beside the interference of adjacent cells, cell edge users are often shadowed. In order to overcome this problem, relays in the cell edge region are additionally used. In long-term evolution, two types of relays are proposed. The first one, called type-1 relay and owns a cell, the second one is called type-2 relay and only supports the base station. This paper considers the type-1 relay only and proposes a joint max-min beamforming and scheduling algorithm to maximize the SINR of cell edge users. In multicell networks, the optimization based on instantaneous channel state information (CSI) becomes infeasible, therefore, long-term CSI in form of spatial correlation matrices are used for the optimization. Numerical results underline the performance gain compared to conventional networks without relays.
Multiple-Drug Resistant Nasopharyngeal Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolated in Russia: Serotypes, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Molecular Characterization of the Emergent Serotype 13/ST2754 Lineage

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The pneumococcal population structure and drug resistance patterns are constantly changing worldwide. In this study, we described serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility among 478 multiple-drug resistant (MDR) pediatric nasopharyngeal pneumococci recovered in 2010-2017. The majority of isolates (89.3%; n = 427) carried pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV)13 serotypes, predominantly 6A/B, 14, 19A/F, and 23F. A non-PCV13 serotype capsule was detected in 44 (9.2%) MDR pneumococci, including serotypes 23A (n = 8), 13 (n = 7), 28F (n = 6), 11A (n = 5), and serogroup 35 (n = 10) isolates. The remaining seven (1.5%) MDR isolates were nontypeable. The majority of non-PCV13-serotype isolates were resistant to tetracycline, erythromycin, and clindamycin; most harbored both the ermB and mef genes. Among the 44 serotyped MDR non-PCV13 isolates, multilocus sequence typing analysis revealed 24 different sequence types (STs). ST2754 was the most abundant lineage demonstrating an unusual association with serotypes 13 (n = 7) and 9N (n = 1). The whole-genome sequencing-based analysis demonstrated that the serotype 13/ST2754 lineage was closely related to the serotype 13/ST2754 isolate recovered in Africa (Malawi) in 2013, possessed a Tn6002-like transposon carrying the erm(B) and tet(M) genes, and harbored additional virulence determinants, including arginine metabolism genes and a putative bacteriocin locus. Such a favorable genetic background may provide competitive advantages and potential for spreading and expansion of this clone among pneumococci. These data warrant further molecular monitoring of the genetic composition of the changing pneumococcal population.
Temperature Distribution in Aeroponics System with Root Zone Cooling for the Production of Potato Seed in Tropical Lowland

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Expansion of potato cropping on lowland is an alternative for increasing potato production in Indonesia. Aeroponics cultivation system with limited cooling at root zone is one of the solutions in obtaining quality potato seed in tropical lowland. Problems in fluids flow for supplying nutrition need to be understood, either fluids movement inside a pipe or inside an aeroponics chamber. One of the methods to understand the distribution of air tem- perature in a chamber is by analyzing it by means of Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD). The objective of this research was to find out the temperature distribution in an aeroponics system. Two treatments were applied, i.e., application of root zone cooling at 10 °C and no cooling as control. The tempera- ture distribution inside the aeroponics chamber was analyzed using the CFD. The size of the aeroponics chamber used was 1.5 m length, 1.0 m width and 1.0 m height. The outer wall of the aeroponics chamber was made of plywood material of 12 mm thick .The inside part of the wall was insulated with Styrofoam of 2.0 cm thickness. This set up performed a good temperature distribution. The result of validation showed that air temperature simulated by using CFD agreed well with that of air temperature measured inside the aeroponics chamber. Index Terms—Aeroponics system, CFD, potato seed, zone cooling, tropical lowland ————————————————————
ChemInform Abstract: Behavior of BrO3F and ClO3F Toward Strong Lewis Acids and the Characterization of [XO2][SbF6] (X: Cl, Br) by Single Crystal X‐Ray Diffraction, Raman Spectroscopy, and Computational Methods.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Singular stress behavior in a bonded hereditarily-elastic aging wedge. Part I: Problem statement and degenerate case

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Stress singularity is investigated in a plane problem for a bonded isotropic hereditarily elastic (viscoelastic) aging infinite wedge. The general solution of the operator Lamb equations, which are partial differential equations in space co-ordinates and integral equations in time, respectively, is represented in terms of one-parametric holomorphic functions (the Kolosov-Muskhelishvili complex potentials depending on time) in weighted Hardy-type classes. After application of the Mellin transform with respect to the radial variable, the problem is reduced to a system of linear Volterra integral equations in time. By using the residue theory for the inverse Mellin transform, the stress asymptotics and strain estimates near the singular point are presented here for non-hereditary Dundurs parameters. The general case of the hereditary Dundurs operators is considered in Part 11 (see [21]).
When ethnicity became an important family issue: The case of Slovenian Istria

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter will address some methodological challenges I have faced while conducting research in mixed-race studies, paying particular attention to the use of interviews as a way of acquiring information about mixed-race experiences. While we have witnessed the publication of important new work analyzing novels, drama, and art installations on multiraciality (Elam 2011; McNeil 2010), media representations of multiracial people (Squires 2007), tabulating the diverse voices and stories of mixed-race people (De Rango-Adem and Thompson 2010; Hill 2001; O'Hearn 1998; Funderburg 1994) and the critical evaluation of the ontology and epistemology of critical mixed-race studies (Rockquemore, Brunsma and Delgado 2009; Sexton 2008; Spencer 2011), much research in contemporary mixed-race analysis in the social sciences has relied on relatively small samples of open-ended, qualitative interviews. Rockquemore, Brunsma and Delgado (2009: 20) note that: the past 10 years of research on the multiracial population has been marked by a move from reliance on case studies, observation of multi-racial support groups, and small-scale interview studies, to a broader and more robust stage of data collection and analysis. In paying attention to the former (small-scale interview studies), rather than the latter sphere, this chapter raises fundamental questions regarding the limitations of the interview in the research process. What difference does it make if a person who identifies as mixed race conducts the interview? What kinds of hierarchical assumptions and racial logics are understood as normative in the research process? What constitutes an insider position in critical mixed-race research? And finally, how might one's own subconscious desires and experiences influence the stories we feel compelled to tell in critical mixed-race theory?
Prevalence of elder misbehavior in northern Iran (2012)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background and Objective: The incidence rate of elderly misbehavior increased in the past two decades. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of elderly misbehavior in northern Iran. Method: This descriptive - analytic study was done on 247 more than 60 years old (137 males, 110 females) in north of Iran during 2012. In order to determine misbehavior, an elderly questionnaire was filled for each subject. Results: The mean age of subjects was 68.8±7.08 years. The prevalence of lack of attention, care, financial, authentic was 34.8%, 33.6%, 29.1% and 22.3%, respectively. The prevalence of psychological, physical, isolation and financial misbehavior were 26.7%, 26.7%, 2.6% and 21.9%, respectively. There was a significant relationship between income and marital status with misbehavior maner (P<0.05). Conclusion: Elderly misbehavior particularly lack of attention and care are more perevlant in northern Iran.
RRS James Clark Ross Cruise 253, 26 Jul -25 Aug 2011. Arctic methane hydrates

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The cruise built on the successful geophysical and geochemical mapping, undertaken during the 2008 IPY voyage JCR211 (Westbrook et al., 2009) that made the first comprehensive survey of methane bubble plume venting along the western Svalbard margin. The main achievements of JCR253 included the recovery of the ESONET demonstration mission AOEM - MASOX seafloor lander (with recovery of 10 months of physical and biogeochemical parameters from a vigorous bubble plume site) and its deployment for a further 12 months at the same site (for recovery in August 2012), completion of 23 HyBIS ROV dives, totaling 35 hr. Seafloor video and photographs, were completed along transects in both 420 – 380 m and 80-90 m water-depths, but additionally HyBIS was used to sample bubble plume fluids at seafloor “vents” for geochemical analysis, and bubble imaging to measure bubble sizes and ascent rates. A suite of 14 piston / gravity cores were acquired along three transects perpendicular to both the interpreted position of the hydrate stability zone outcropping at the seafloor and general linear band of bubble plumes emitting from the seafloor around ~ 390 m. A comprehensive suite of 28 CTD stations were completed for physical / chemical sensing and water-sampling along the three transects (co-located with sediment and box cores) and the shallow-water sites. Additionally, the active acoustic bubble BOB imaging system was deployed to record active methane bubble release at a representative bubble stream at 390 m for an 18-day deployment. A major “discovery” of the cruise is the observation of active methane bubble release in shallow- ater (80-90 m water-depth) landward of the previously described edge of the hydrate stability zone outcropping near the seafloor at water-depths of 420 – 380 m.
Breaking Free or Locking In: How Socially Disadvantaged Individuals Achieve or Reject an Aspired Identity in an Entrepreneurial Context

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This research examines how individuals achieve or reject an aspired identity when they perceive it as conflicting with some existing identities. We conducted an inductive, qualitative study of 61 socially disadvantaged women in China who were provided an entrepreneurial opportunity. This opportunity activated these women’s aspired identity of being business owners as well as their existing identities of being women from a humble background. They perceived these identities as in conflict, which generated internal obstacles to the attainment of their aspired identity. Adopting the identity network approach as our theoretical lens, we revealed three paths through which they navigated the perceived identity conflict—elevation, experimentation, or entrenchment—marked by different patterns of emotions, identity work, and inter-identity work. Further, we found that retrospective sensemaking of past failure and interpersonal sensemaking shaped the paths these women took to achieve or reject the aspired identity. Our study uncovers the emotional and cognitive dynamics that lead individuals to either be emancipated from or remain entrenched by the internal obstacles stemming from their perceived conflict between aspired and existing identities that hinders positive self-transformation, contributing to the literatures on identity formation and entrepreneurship-as-emancipation.
Meyers inequality and strong stability for stable-like operators

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let $α\in (0,2)$, let $${\cal E}(u,u)=\int_{\Bbb R^d}\int_{\Bbb R^d} (u(y)-u(x))^2\frac{A(x,y)}{|x-y|^{d+α}}\, dy\, dx$$ be the Dirichlet form for a stable-like operator, let $$Γu(x)=\int_{\Bbb R^d} (u(y)-u(x))^2\frac{A(x,y)}{|x-y|^{d+α}}\, dy,$$ let $L$ be the associated infinitesimal generator, and suppose $A(x,y)$ is jointly measurable, symmetric, bounded, and bounded below by a positive constant. We prove that if $u$ is the weak solution to $Lu=h$, then $Γu\in L^p$ for some $p>2$. This is the analogue of an inequality of Meyers for solutions to divergence form elliptic equations. As an application, we prove strong stability results for stable-like operators. If $A$ is perturbed slightly, we give explicit bounds on how much the semigroup and fundamental solution are perturbed.
$g^* \omega \alpha$-Separation axioms in topological spaces

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we introduce and study the new separation axioms called $\mathrm{g}^* \omega \alpha-T_i(\mathrm{i}=0,1,2)$ and weaker forms of regular and normal spaces called $\mathrm{g}^* \omega \alpha$-normal and $\mathrm{g}^* \omega \alpha$-regular spaces using $\mathrm{g}^* \omega \alpha$-closed sets in topological spaces.
PCR-Based Gene Synthesis with Overlapping Unisense-Oligomers Asymmetric Extension Supported by a Simulator for Oligonucleotide Extension Achieved 1 kbp dsDNA

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We formulated a method to synthesize 1 kbp DNA fragments using 'oligomer unidirectional joining method' via asymmetric extension supported by a simulator for oligonucleotide extension (AESOE). In this study, trials were conducted on 41 sets of different genomic pieces of ten flaviviral genomes, and 31 bacterial 16s rRNA fragments with sizes ranging from 500 bases to 1.0 kbp. Synthetic gene production was found to be successful in all those sets. The synthesis method has three steps: the first step is a seven-linked AESOE, the second step is the linking of the 400-base fragments from the first step, and the third step is the final amplification. Our present approach is highly reproducible and may no longer require optimization of oligomer design.
Accretion Disk Boundary Layers around Neutron Stars: X‐Ray Production in Low‐Mass X‐Ray Binaries

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present solutions for the structure of the boundary layer where the accretion disk meets the neutron star, which is expected to be the dominant source of high-energy radiation in low-mass X-ray binaries which contain weakly magnetized accreting neutron stars. We find that the main portion of the boundary layer gas is hot (> ~10^8 K), low in density, radially and vertically extended, and optically thick to scattering but optically thin to absorption. It will produce large X-ray luminosity by Comptonization. Energy is transported inward by viscosity, concentrating the energy dissipation in the dense, optically thick zone close to the stellar surface. We explore the dependence of the boundary layer structure on the mass accretion rate, the rotation rate of the star, the alpha viscosity parameter and the viscosity prescription. Radiation pressure is the dominant source of pressure in the boundary layer; the flux is close to the Eddington limiting flux even for luminosities well below (~0.01 times) L(Edd). At luminosities near L(Edd), the boundary layer expands radially, and has a radial extent larger than one stellar radius. Based on the temperatures and optical depths which characterize the boundary layer, we expect that Comptonization will produce a power-law spectrum at low source luminosities. At high luminosities, a Planckian spectrum will be produced in the dense region where most of the energy is released, and modified by Comptonization as the radiation propagates outward.
Monetary policy under fixed exchange regime: A study on the future monetary policy in China

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Chinese economy, open economy tri-lemma, macroeconomic stability, exchange rate regime, E4, E5, F4, F31, E12, 中国经济, 开放经济下的三元悖论, 宏观经济的稳定性, 汇率制度,
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and phospholipids, and apoprotein A in serum of patients with liver disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Concentrations of apoprotein A in whole serum, and cholesterol and phospholipids concentrations in the high-density lipoprotein fraction of serum were measured after the precipitation of low-density and very-low-density lipoproteins with sodium phosphotungstate-Mg2+ in 23 patients with liver cirrhosis, 19 patients with extrahepatic biliary obstruction, and 20 healthy control subjects. Patients with cirrhosis and cholestasis showed approximately one-half as much cholesterol and apoprotein A in the nonprecipitable high-density lipoprotein fraction as normal subjects did. High-density lipoprotein phospholipids concentrations in those patients were normal or slightly increased, however, which is about double what one would expect from the apoprotein A and cholesterol content.