jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Selecting a Suitable Feature Subset for Classification using Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose a method for finding feature subsets that are effective for classification in a given dataset by using a multi-agent reinforcement learning method. In the field of machine learning, it is crucial to find features suitable for classification. A dataset may have numerous features; while some features may be effective for classification or prediction, others may have little or rather negative effects on results. In machine learning problems, feature selection for increasing classification or prediction accuracy is a critical problem. To solve this problem, we proposed a feature selection method based on reinforced learning. Each feature has one agent, which determines whether the feature is selected. After obtaining corresponding rewards for each feature that is selected, but not by the agents, the Q-value of each agent is updated by comparing the rewards. The reward comparison of the two subsets helps agents determine whether their actions were right. These processes are performed as many times as the number of episodes, and finally, features are selected. As a result of applying this method to the Wisconsin Breast Cancer, Spambase, Musk, and Colon Cancer datasets, accuracy improvements of 3.85%, 9.04%, 12.52%, and 20.55% were shown, respectively, and finally, classification accuracies of 97.89%, 93.11%, 96.91%, and 94.74% were achieved, respectively. It was proved that our proposed method could properly select features that were effective for classification and increase classification accuracy.
Considerações sobre a educação da comunidade surda no Uruguai: Do bilinguismo ao plurilinguismo

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper I present some theoretical discussions that we carried out in two researches that were developed in Uruguay in the Area of Deaf Studies-Tuilsu, of the University of the Republic. In these researches we review the current model of LSU-Spanish bilingual education and propose migrating towards a plurilingual, pluriliterate and intercultural education. The main considerations made to propose such migration are the following. The bilingual modelcontinues to see Spanish as the most prestigious and academic language; this presents the risk of reconstructing, in the school context, the relationship of oppression of the oral language over the sign language. Likewise, bilingualism tends to consider LSU as a didactic device and not as a language in itself, which can have the consequence of holding the clinical perspective in the educational context (didactic device = artifact to compensate for a disability). The bilingual proposal maintains a writing centered perspective, according to which the only form of literate culture is through written Spanish, ignoring the role played by LSU viso-recordings in the development of pluriliterate Deaf culture. Bilingualism does not recognize Deaf Spanish as a possible variety of Spanish, persisting the oppression of standard Spanish in the form of the normo-hearing model. Finally, the bilingual proposal ignores that the Deaf community is inserted in a globalized world, so it requires an education in which they participate, in addition to national, global languages and regional languages, both sign and oral languages.
Arhopala silhetensis subsp. silhetensis silhetensis (Hewitson 1862

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

172. Arhopala silhetensis silhetensis (Hewitson, 1862) Published records: Tytler, 1915b: 133; Evans, 1957: 102; Van Gasse, 2013; Varshney & Smetacek, 2015: 107. Remarks: Not recorded during the study.
Lithium ionization by an intense laser field using classical ensemble simulation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The classical ensemble method is applied to study ionization processes of a one-dimensional model lithium atom interacting with an intense laser pulse. The motion of electrons is described by the classical Hamiltonian canonical system of equations. The ratio of double-to-single ionization with the increasing laser intensity is calculated and explained in terms of the energy distribution of electrons. The triple ionization of lithium is also investigated and the primary triple ionization path is found. Our results show a clear transition from nonsequential to sequential double ionization as the intensity increases, which is in agreement with the quantum calculation.
Immunocytochemical staining of unstained versus previously stained cytologic preparations.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Immunoperoxidase (IP) staining of fine needle aspiration specimens may provide useful adjunct information in cytodiagnosis. IP may be used on unstained direct smears or cell block material if available. In the absence of such material, IP is sometimes used on previously stained (Papanicolaou) smears. Few studies have examined the adequacy of such preparations, however. We compared IP staining results on unstained, alcohol-fixed or air-dried smears versus alcohol-fixed, previously Papanicolaou stained smears and versus alcohol-fixed, decolorized, Papanicolaou-stained smears, using antibodies to keratin (CAM 5.2, AE1/AE3 and K903), epithelial membrane antigen, monoclonal carcinoembryonic antigen, desmin, muscle-specific actin (HHF-35), vimentin, leukocyte common antigen, B and T cell markers L26 and UCHL-1, and prostate-specific antigen. Seventy-five sets of smears were made from various neoplastic or nonneoplastic tissues received as surgical specimens, and antibodies were selected for anticipated positive staining. The results were graded in a semiquantitative fashion. All the methods gave comparable results regarding expected positive staining, background staining and preservation of cellularity. We conclude that these methods of smear preparation are of equal utility in adjunctive immunocytochemical studies.
Immunosenescence profiles of lymphocyte compartments and multiple long-term conditions (multimorbidity) in very old adults: The Newcastle 85+ Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Immunosenescence, a decline in immune system function, has been linked to several age-related diseases and ageing syndromes. Very old adults (aged ≥ 85 years) live with multiple long-term conditions (MLTC, also known as multimorbidity)—a complex phenomenon of poor health defined by either counts, indices, or patterns, but little is known about the relationship between an ageing immune system and MLTC in this age group. We utilised baseline data from the Newcastle 85+ Study to investigate the associations between previously defined immunosenescence profiles of lymphocyte compartments and MLTC counts and patterns (from 16 chronic diseases/ageing syndromes). Seven hundred and three participants had MLTC and complete data for all 16 conditions, a median and mean of 5 (range 2–11) and 62.2% had ≥ 5 conditions. Three distinct MLTC patterns emerged by clustering: Cluster 1 ('Low frequency cardiometabolic-cerebrovascular diseases', n = 209), Cluster 2 ('High ageing syndromes-arthritis', n = 240), and Cluster 3 ('Hypertensive-renal impairment', n = 254). Although having a more senescent phenotype, characterised by higher frequency of CD4 and CD8 senescence-like effector memory cells and lower CD4/CD8 ratio, was not associated with MLTC compared with less senescent phenotype, the results warrant further investigation, including whether immunosenescence drives change in MLTC and influences MLTC severity in late adulthood.
Percentage and Risk Factors of Urinary Tract Infections among Pregnant Women attending FANC Visits in Public Secondary Hospitals in Jama’a LGA, Kaduna State

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are among the most common infections affecting pregnant women, contributing significantly to maternal and fetal morbidity. In Nigeria, especially in rural areas such as Jama’a Local Government Area (LGA) of Kaduna State, limited data exist on the burden and risk factors associated with UTIs during focused antenatal care (FANC) visits. This study assessed the percentage and risk factors of UTIs among pregnant women attending FANC visits in public secondary hospitals in Jama’a LGA, Kaduna State. A hospital-based cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 301 pregnant women. Midstream urine samples were collected and cultured on Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) agar. Socio-demographic and clinical data were obtained through structured questionnaires. Chi-square tests were used to determine associations between demographic variables and UTI occurrence at a 5% significance level. The percentage of UTIs among the study population was 28.6%. Escherichia coli (45.3%) was the most frequently isolated organism, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (19.8%) and Staphylococcus aureus (16.3%). Statistically significant risk factors associated with UTI were maternal age ≥35 years (AOR=1.91; p=0.041), parity ≥4 (AOR=2.14; p=0.006), prior history of UTI (AOR=3.42; p<0.001), and poor perineal hygiene practices (AOR=1.78; p=0.027). The study revealed a high percentage of UTIs among pregnant women in Jama’a LGA. Regular screening, targeted interventions for high-risk groups, and improved hygiene education during FANC visits are recommended to reduce the burden of UTIs in pregnancy.
Prediction of post-induction hypotension in young adults using ultrasound-derived inferior vena cava parameters: An observational study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Aims: Inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter and its respiratory variability have been shown to predict post-induction hypotension with high specificity in a mixed population of patients. We assessed whether these parameters could be as reliable in healthy adult patients as in a mixed patient population. Methods: In the present prospective observational study, 110 patients of either sex, aged between 18 and 50 years, belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists class I and II, fasted as per the institutional protocol and scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia were enroled. Prior to induction, ultrasound examination of IVC was done and variation in IVC diameter with respiration was assessed. Maximum and minimum IVC diameters [(dIVC max ) and (dIVC min ), respectively] over a single respiratory cycle were measured and collapsibility index (CI) was calculated. Vitals were recorded just before induction and at every minute after induction for 10 min. Episodes of hypotension (mean arterial pressure [MAP] <65 mmHg or fall in MAP >30% from baseline) during the observation period were recorded. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed for determining optimum cut-off with sensitivity and specificity of IVC diameters and CI for development of hypotension. Results: IVC was not visualised in 22 patients. Out of the remaining 88 patients, 17 (19.3%) patients developed hypotension after induction. The dIVC max , dIVC min and CI were comparable between patients who developed and who did not develop hypotension. The area under curve of ROC for CI, dIVC max and dIVC min was 0.51, 0.55 and 0.52, respectively, with optimum cut-off value of 0.46, 1.42 and 0.73, respectively. Conclusion: Ultrasound-derived IVC parameters demonstrate poor diagnostic accuracy for prediction of hypotension after induction in healthy adult patients.
The Future of Resource Access: AI and Blockchain for Enhanced Control

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This proposal presents an innovative solution to manage unauthorized access to essential resources such as healthcare, utilities, and accommodations by leveraging blockchain and AI technologies. The system ensures that only verified residents can access critical services through immutable data records and AI-powered automated verification devices. It aims to address illegal immigration challenges while safeguarding citizens' rights and maintaining ethical standards (Nakamoto, 2008; Salah et al., 2019).
The structure of strategic food demand in Indonesian urban: An application of a Linearized Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS)

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Indonesia’s strategic food refers to a group of food products that are important in meeting national food needs. This strategic food is the focus of government attention because of its significant impact on food security, the economy, and social stability. The research aims to analyze urban household preferences for strategic food, analyze estimates of urban household demand for strategic food, and analyze the impact of price changes and urban household expenditure on strategic food demand. The research uses Susenas data for 2023, specifically for urban households. Strategic Foods are grouped into rice, corn, soybeans, shallot, chilies, poultry meat, poultry eggs, ruminant meat, consumer sugar, and fish. Analysis of household preference data was carried out using expenditure shares. Demand estimates were analyzed using the LA/AIDS model with the SUR approach. The results of the analysis show that the highest share of urban household expenditure is for rice. Beef is still a luxury commodity with elastic price elasticity. Poultry meat, poultry eggs, and ruminant meat are commodities that are substitutes for each other.
Soil contamination and changes in some properties of the soils scattered around the Almalyk mining and metallurgical combine

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In order to determine the level of contamination of the area, the formulas of Muller, Hokonson and Nemerow were used. Using the information of 2009 on this area, the changes by years were analyzed with the results obtained during the scientific research. The advantage of using pollution indicators is the possibility of direct comparison of different objects in the world; used conditional on geochemical background values. Thus, indicators provide direct information about the quality of the soil environment, and pollution indices are a tool for objective assessment. When comparing the results of 2009 and 2021 along the same route with a 12-year difference, the indices have changed, pollution at a distance of 2 and 8 km has changed to an average index. These indicators mean that during the years of the operation of the combine, the index of soil pollution will increase, and it will increase by one class every 10 years.
Correlating intraoperative bile culture with postoperative morbidity in pancreaticoduodenectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The reported incidence of bacteria in bile is extremely variable from 8% to 42%. Several authors have been able to correlate the bacteria cultured from bile at pancreatico-duodenectomy (PD) with those subsequently causing wound infections and septicemia in the postoperative period. In addition, preoperative biliary intervention increases the risk of bactibilia that can translate into increased postoperative morbidity.Materials and Methods: This study was a prospective study conducted at the Department of Surgical Gastroenterology in Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences from January 2015 to July 2020. A total of 71 patients who underwent PD were included in the study.Results: All patients had intraoperative bile culture (IBC). IBC was positive in forty (56.3%) patients. IBC was more likely to be positive in patients with preoperative intervention as compared to those with no intervention (86.11% vs. 13.89%). IBC was polymicrobial in 28/40 (70%) patients, with Escherichia coli and Klebsiella Pneumoniae both cultured together in 40% of patients. The monomicrobial infection was mainly due to E. coli in 22.5% of patients. Six/40 (15%) patients with bactibilia had wound infection and 4/40 (10%) patients had intra-abdominal collection. Patients with intervention had more of bactibilia (31/36 [86.11%]) compared to that of noninterventional group (9/35 [25.71%]), showing that the intervention was associated with an increased risk of biliary infection. The percentage of multidrug-resistant strains in our study was 97.7%.Conclusion: Positive IBC can determine the cohort of patients who are at risk of postoperative morbidity. Patients with preoperative intervention should be considered potentially infected who deserve careful operative technique to avoid spillage of bile to minimize wound infection and other morbidity. IBC also allows for early appropriate antibiotic use.
Characterization and Cellular Distribution of the Osteoclast Ruffled Membrane Vacuolar H+-ATPase B-Subunit Using Isoform-Specific Antibodies

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Acidification of the bone surface, leading to bone resorption, is accomplished by a vacuolar-type H+-ATPase present in a specialized domain of the plasma membrane of the osteoclast known as the ruffled membrane. Structure and function appears to be highly conserved within this class of multisubunit enzymes. However, cloning and sequencing of complementary DNA has shown that one of the subunits in the catalytic domain, the B-subunit, exists in at least two forms, B1 and B2. B1 messenger RNA has been found almost exclusively in the kidney, whereas messenger RNA for B2 has been found in all tissues studied, including the kidney. It has been speculated that the B1 isoform might be involved in targeting to the plasma membrane. In the present study, we have characterized the B-subunit of the chicken osteoclast H+-ATPase using antibodies directed against peptides with isoform-specific or conserved sequences of the B-subunit. Western analysis was performed on chicken osteoclast membrane vesicles and on partially purified chicken osteoclast H+-ATPase and was compared with similar analysis of H+-ATPase isolated from bovine kidney and brain. The B1-specific antibody reacted with a polypeptide of approximately 56 kD on immunoblots of the renal H+-ATPase, whereas no reaction could be detected against the osteoclast H+-ATPase or the osteoclast membrane vesicle preparation. In contrast, the antibody against a B2-specific sequence reacted with a peptide of approximately 56 kD on immunoblots of the osteoclast H+-ATPase, the renal H+-ATPase, and the clathrin-coated vesicle H+-ATPase. The antibody against a conserved region of the B-subunit did not generate any evidence for the presence of isoforms other than B2 in the osteoclast. Immunocytochemistry of rat osteoclasts on bovine bone slices using the B2 antibody showed intense polarized staining along the plasma membrane facing the bone surface in actively resorbing osteoclasts whereas nonresorbing osteoclasts were diffusely stained throughout the cytoplasm. By confocal microscopy, the B2 staining was located to the level of the ruffled membrane and appeared to be concentrated to the peripheral areas of the membrane adjacent to the sealing zone. We conclude that the osteoclast vacuolar H+-ATPase contains the B2 isoform and suggest that upon initiation of resorption the pump is translocated from the cell interior to a special domain of the ruffled membrane close to the sealing zone.
Ambient air monitoring for organic compounds, acids, and metals at Los Alamos National Laboratory, January 1991

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) contracted Radian Corporation (Radian) to conduct a short-term, intensive air monitoring program whose goal was to estimate the impact of chemical emissions from LANL on the ambient air environment. A comprehensive emission inventory had identified more than 600 potential air contaminants in LANL's emissions. A subset of specific target chemicals was selected for monitoring: 20 organic vapors, 6 metals and 5 inorganic acid vapors. These were measured at 5 ground level sampling sites around LANL over seven consecutive days in January 1991. The sampling and analytical strategy used a combination of EPA and NIOSH methods modified for ambient air applications.
Extending the Scope of the New Variant of the Castagnoli–Cushman Cyclocondensation onto o-Methyl Benzoic Acids Bearing Various Electron-Withdrawing Groups in the α-Position

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Based on the previously reported involvement of homophthalic acid monoesters in the Castagnoli–Cushman reaction-type cyclocondensation with imines, we tested a number of other o-methyl benzoic acids bearing various electron-withdrawing groups in the α-position. The majority of these substrates delivered the expected tetrahydroisoquinolone adducts on activation with CDI or acetic anhydride. Homophthalic acid mononitriles displayed the highest promise as substrates for the new reaction, both in terms of scope and product yields. Homophthalic acid monoamides either gave low yields or failed to react with imines. Sulfonyl-substituted substrates gave the desired (and hitherto unknown) type of tetrahydroisoquinolines. Despite the low yields, this approach to sulfonyl-substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines appears practical as alternative syntheses based on the traditional, carboxylic acid CCR adducts would presumably be cumbersome and multistep. The azido- and nitro-substituted o-methyl benzoic acids failed to react with imines.
Uji Efektivitas Beberapa Jenis Tanaman Berpotensi Bioherbisida untuk Mengendalikan Gulma Babadotan (Ageratum conyzoides)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Several plants founded in the field, for examples Swietenia macrophylla, Imperata cilindrica, carica papaya and Morinda citrifolia have chemical compounds that can be used as bioherbicide. The purpose of this research are to know content of Tannin and Flavonoid compounds in that plants and effect of interaction between type of leaf extract and bioherbicide solution formula i.e 10%, 20% and 30% againts effectivity of Ageratum conyzoides weeds control. Results of the research showed that leaf extract of S. macrophylla, I. cilindrica, C. papaya and M. citrifolia contain of Tannin and Flavonoid compounds with bioherbicide potential, with highest contain in S. macrophylla and lowest in I. cilindrica leaf extract. Interaction of type of leaf extract and solution formula gived very significant effect againts percentage of weed mortality and weed poisoning intensity of A. conyzoides weeds. Leaf extract of S. macrophylla, C. papaya and M. citrifoilia with 10-30% solution formula, were effective to control A. conyzoides weeds, with average of start time of weeds death was 3 days after bioherbicide application. Keywords : Bioherbicide, leaf extract, percentage of weed mortality, weed poisoning intensity
An implementation of a model for functional recognition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This article addresses the problem of the recognition of the usefulness of man-made objects in actions. In a recent article, [L. M. Vaina and M. C. Jaulent, Intelligent System Journal 6, 313-336 (1991)] we defined the functional recognition problem in terms of the compatibility between the primary functions of objects and action requirements. We proposed a model, based on fuzzy sets and possibility theory, for the organization of this knowledge and the evaluation of the compatibility to perform functional recognition. In this article, we present an implementation of functional compatibility which takes the functional descriptions of objects and the object requirements of an action as inputs, and maps them into an output space that evaluates their functional compatibility. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Comparative Analysis on Safety Perception and Safety Management Service Evaluation among Korea, China, Japan, and USA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

이 논문은 한국, 중국, 일본, 미국의 시민들의 안전 인식을 분석하고 공공 안전 관리 서비스의 질을 비교하는데 목적이 있다. 연구 목적을 달성하기 위해, 이 연구에서는 안전 인식에 대한 기초 자료를 제공하고 안전 관리 서비스 개선 방향을 제안하기 위한 시사점을 찾는데 목표를 둔다. 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 안전 인식, 기대, 성과, 안전 관리 만족에 대한 분석 결과, 중국 시민들이 자신들의 안전 수준을 가장 높게 인식하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 안전 관리 서비스에 대한 기대 인식은 한국과 일본에서는 낮았지만, 미국과 중국의 시민들은 비교적 높은 점수를 주고 있다. 셋째, 4개국 시민들은 모두 자기 국가의 안전 수준을 긍정적으로 인식하고 있다. 넷째, 4개국 국가 간에 시민들의 안전 추구 행동에는 차이가 있으나, 중국 시민들의 경우에는 안전을 위한 비용 지불을 제외한 다른 모든 영역에서 가장 높았다. 마지막으로, 대체적으로 중국 시민들은 자기 국가의 안전 관리 서비스에 대해 충분히 만족하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 미국, 한국, 일본의 순서로 만족 점수가 높게 나타났다.