jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Intravenous versus inhalational anesthesia trial for outcome following intracranial aneurysm surgery: A prospective randomized controlled study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: For maintenance of anesthesia for intracranial aneurysmal neck clipping, both intravenous and inhalational anesthetics are in vogue. We aimed to evaluate the superiority of one agent over the other for long-term neurological outcomes in these patients. Methods: This prospective assessor-blind randomized study was conducted in 106 patients of 18–65 years of age with World Federation of Neurosurgeons Grade I-II of subarachnoid hemorrhage. After written informed consent, the patients were randomized into – intravenous group (Propofol) and inhalational group (Desflurane). The primary outcome was to study neurological outcome using Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) at 3 months following discharge while secondary outcomes included intraoperative brain condition, intraoperative hemodynamics, duration of hospital stay, Modified Rankin Score (MRS) at discharge, MRS, and Barthel’s index at 3 months following discharge and estimation of perioperative biomarkers of brain injury. Results: The GOS at 3 months was 5 (5.00–5.00) in the propofol group and 5 (4.00–5.00) in the desflurane group ( P = 0.24). Both the anesthetics were similar in terms of intraoperative hemodynamics, brain relaxation, duration of hospital stay, MRS at discharge and 3 months, and Barthel Index at 3 months ( P > 0.05). The perioperative serum interleukin-6 and S100B were comparable among the groups ( P > 0.05). Conclusion: The long-term neurological outcome of good grade aneurysm patients undergoing craniotomy and clipping remains comparable with the use of either propofol or desflurane. The effect of the two anesthetic agents on the various clinical parameters and the biomarkers of brain injury is also similar.
TREE SPECIES SUSCEPTIBILITY TO LEAF-CUTTING ANTS ATTACK IN CARBON NEUTRALIZATION PLANTATIONS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions neutralize planting are one of the options for climate changes mitigating. Leaf-cutter ants attack is a threat to the plantations proper development. Ants have selective foraging, which makes it important to know this selectivity and, thus, choose more suitable species to neutralization planting compose. Thus, the goal of the present study was to evaluate the tree species susceptibility to be attacked by leaf-cutter ants in carbon neutralization plantations. The study was carried out in mixed plantations in Viçosa-MG and a classification was created for the present species. The Damage Index (DI) was created by multiplying the Mean of Severity (MS) and the Frequency of Attacks (FA). The species were classified according to the indication for neutralization plantations (indicated, moderately indicated, and not indicated) and potential species for the extraction of natural insecticides. From the 59 species evaluated, 22 were classified as suitable for neutralization plantations, 6 as moderately indicated, 24 as not indicated, and 7 as potential species for extracting natural insecticides. Keywords: forest carbon; pest control; carbon offset; mixed plantings.
Organ donation and pre-emptive kidney transplantation: ethical issues.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There is considerable evidence that pre-emptive transplants have several clinical advantages. However, pre-emptive transplants raise a number of ethical issues. Pre-emptive transplants from living donors offer distinctly greater benefits than those from deceased donors and some pre-emptive transplantation programmes actively encourage living organ donations. Moreover, the offer of a pre-emptive transplant to a patient who is not yet on dialysis unquestionably penalises patients already on dialysis who may have been on the waiting list for a long time. Therefore preemptive transplants give rise to conflicts between justice and utility. Several factors should be considered: health conditions, clinical urgency, probability of imminent worsening of a patient's clinical condition, the future chances of finding a matching organ, and others. From the various values at stake, ethical issues are analysed in search of an acceptable synthesis.
The Orthodox Church and communism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The two Russian revolutions of 1917 (March and October) found the Russian Orthodox Church poised to embark on its own programme of reform. It was always the policy of Lenin (Vladimir Il'ich Ulianov) and the Bolsheviks to portray the state religion as benighted, clinging to the past, upholding outmoded values. Because of believers' lack of contact with the outside world, the totality of censorship and the cessation of objective historical research in the Soviet Union, this view tended towards acceptance in the world at large.
Benin: political metamorphoses (on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of independence)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Republic of Benin, which at the time was called Dahomey, gained independence on 1 August 1960. Over its 60-year history, the country has experienced several military coups and non-violent regime changes, the turbulent first post-colonial years, and the periods of “socialist orientation” and “democratization”. However, despite frequent political transformations, for decades Benin has remained an “island of stability” in West Africa, where most states over the same time have routinely underwent wars or military-political conflicts.
Studies of Variola Virus and Immunity in Smallpox. I. Variola Virus Hemagglutinins

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Studies of Variola Virus and Immunity in Smallpox. I. Variola Virus Hemagglutinins Get access Ronald L. Anthony, Ronald L. Anthony From the Division of Virus Diseases, Institute of International Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Douglass L. Taylor, Douglass L. Taylor From the Division of Virus Diseases, Institute of International Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Richard W. Daniel, Richard W. Daniel From the Division of Virus Diseases, Institute of International Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar June L. Cole, June L. Cole From the Division of Virus Diseases, Institute of International Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Fred R. McCrumb, Jr. Fred R. McCrumb, Jr. From the Division of Virus Diseases, Institute of International Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 121, Issue 3, March 1970, Pages 295–302, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/121.3.295 Published: 01 March 1970 Article history Received: 26 September 1969 Revision received: 24 November 1969 Published: 01 March 1970
Application of evolutionary algorithms with adaptive mutation to the identification of induction motor parameters at standstill

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to obtain a preliminary off-line identification of induction motor (IM) parameters at standstill in a reasonable calculation time, which will be useful for the initial adjustment of controllers and state observer parameters in the sensorless drive system. Design/methodology/approach The identification procedure of electrical parameters of IM equivalent circuit is performed at standstill and is based on the reconstruction of the stator current response to the forced stator voltage using evolutionary algorithms (EAs) with hard selection and different mutation schemes. Findings It is shown that an application of the EA with adaptive mutation mechanism based on simulated annealing method gives very good accuracy of parameters identification and the shortest execution time of the identification procedure as well in simulation as in the experimental tests. Research limitations/implications The investigation looks mainly at the minimization of the execution time of the identification algorithm and on the identification accuracy performance, taking into account the good approximation of the measured stator current response. Practical implications The proposed EA with the improved adaptive mutation scheme can be easily realised using modern digital signal processor (DSP), which is usually applied for control purposes of the sensorless IM drive system with vector control. The implementation is tested in experimental setup with floating point DSP used as the system controller. Originality/value The application of adaptive mutation with simulated annealing in the EA with hard selection for the fast, off-line preliminary identification of the IM parameter at standstill.
Genomic Characteristics of Copy Number Variations in Sunite Sheep

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this study,71 Sunite sheep were genotyped using Illumina OvineSNP50 Bead Chip array,a total of 134CNV regions(CNVR)across the genome were identified,which covered 25.95Mb of the sheep genome.CNVR size on autosomes range from 29.48kb to 1.30Mb.Functional indicated that the most genes overrepresented in environmental responses,which involved in sensory perception of smell,sensory perception of chemical stimulus,sensory perception,cognition.To confirm these findings,quantitative PCR(qPCR)was performed for 5CNVR and 3 of them were successfully validated.Our findings would be of help to underst and the sheep genome and provide preliminary foundation for investigating the association between important economic traits and CNV.
Reliability and Validity of Nurses’ Experiences of Infection Prevention and Control Questionnaire

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: Nosocomial infections are the primary reason of morbidity and mortality especially at children’s hospitals. Thus, educating pediatric health care providers is rather crucial in order to protect children from exposure to infection. This study was planned to examine reliability and validity of Nurses’ Infection Prevention and Control Observation Questionnaire in Turkish Language. Methods: This methodological study was carried out at a randomly selected Children’s Hospital from each of the 7 regions of Turkey. In total, 443 pediatric nurses from those hospitals participated in the study. Content validity, construct validity, inter-consistency reliability and item total correlation of the questionnaire were analysed in order to adjust reliability and validity. Results: The questionnaire has good content, face and construct validity. The acceptable level for scales’ items was above 0.30 and had one factor according to results of explanatory factor analysis. The questionnaire model fitted the data according to confirmatory factor analysis. A level of Cronbach's alpha at 0.74 was considered to be an acceptable level of reliability and item-total score correlation of the study –except for four items- was identified above 0.30.Conclusion: The questionnaire was determined as a reliable and validate tool in evaluation of observation for nurses’ infection prevention and control.
Image_6_ZED1-related kinase 13 is required for resistance against Pseudoidium neolycopersici in Arabidopsis accession Bla-6.tif

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

<p>To explore specific components of resistance against the tomato-adapted powdery mildew pathogen Pseudoidium neolycopersici (On) in the model plant Arabidopsis, we performed a disease assay in 123 accessions. When testing the resistance in the F<sub>1</sub> from crossings between resistant accessions with susceptible Col-0 or Sha, only the progeny of the cross between accession Bla-6 and Col-0 displayed a completely resistant phenotype. The resistance in Bla-6 is known to be specific for Pseudoidium neolycopersici. QTL analysis and fine-mapping through several rounds of recombinant screenings allowed us to locate a major resistance QTL in an interval on chromosome 1, containing two candidate genes and an intergenic insertion. Via CRISPR/Cas9 targeted mutagenesis, we could show that knocking out the ZED-1 RELATED KINASE 13 (ZRK13) gene compromised the On resistance in Bla-6. Several polymorphisms are observed in the ZRK13 allelic variant of Bla-6 when compared to the Col-0 protein.</p>
Adducts of thiophosphoryl compounds with metal halides. I.: Addition compounds of triphenylphosphine sulfide

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Addition compounds have been prepared of triphenylphosphine sulfide with HgCl 2 , AlCl 3 , AlBr 3 , SnCl 4 , TiCl 4 , TiBr 4 , SbCl 5 , NbCl 5 , TaCl 5 , FeCl 3 and FeCl 2 , and of triphenylphosphine oxide with AlCl 3 , AlBr 3 , TiBr 4 , SbCl 5 and TaCl 5 . Reaction of NbCl 5 with triphenylphosphine oxide yields the addition compound (Ph 3 PO) 2 NbOCl 3 . The syntheses, infrared spectra and some properties of the adducts are described and discussed.
Paying the Price for Heightened Ethics Scrutiny: Legal Defense Funds and Other Ways That Government Officials Pay Their Lawyers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This articles takes a comprehensive look at a problem of growing significance for government officials: how to pay the legal fees they incur when they or their colleagues are investigated for wrongdoing. Since Watergate, an increasing number of government officials have had to hire attorneys when called before grand juries and legislative committees or subjected to internal administrative investigations. Their legal fees often outstrip their government salaries or even their net worth. This article examines three mechanisms for government reimbursement of legal fees -- Justice Department regulations, the Independent Counsel statute, and private legislation -- and identifies the shortcomings of each. It then explores the legal status of legal defense funds, which top officials have used to raise millions of dollars to pay their legal fees. The article identifies several reforms that would treat government officials much more fairly and protect against corrupting influences. In addition, the article includes several charts containing otherwise difficult to find information, such as the amounts spent by all the Independent Counsels, amounts awarded in attorneys fees under the Independent Counsel statute, and the amounts raised by members of Congress for their legal defense funds.
Study on the Application of Zen Aesthetics in Plant Landscape Design

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Zen is one of the major branches of Mahayana Buddhism in China.Zen aesthetics is an aesthetic ideology which evolved from Zen thoughts.Plant landscape design has a long history in China.In different periods of history, Zen aesthetics has had a deep or shallow impact on plant landscape design.The application of Zen aesthetics in plant landscape design is not only an old subject, but also a new one.This paper expounds and analyses the concept of Zen aesthetics, the aesthetic principle of plant landscape design and the plant landscape design under the guidance of Zen aesthetics.Plant landscape design has a long history in China.According to the literature, the earliest records about plant landscape design can be date back to Shang and Zhou Dynasties of China.The original "park" is the prototype of plant landscape design.Zen is one of the branches of Buddhism, and it is also the branch of Chinese Mahayana Buddhism.Zen Buddhism advocates self realization and decides to participate in meditation.Zen seeks for a thorough interpretation of things.After Buddhism was introduced to the East, Zen thought has a great influence on the formation of Zen in China.Although Zen spread from ancient India, it merged with Confucianism and Taoism of the central mainland after Sui and Tang Dynasties and developed into a Zen culture with Chinese cultural connotations.Zen has unique views on things and emphasizes the dialectical relationship in preordained fate.From the beginning, Zen came into being influenced Chinese artistic creation and cultural connotations.From a certain point of view, Zen aesthetics is the application of traditional Chinese humanistic spirit of Zen culture in arts.In the Tang and Song dynasties of the feudal society, the influence of Zen was the most complicated and profound.Aesthetics in the late Tang and Song Dynasties can generally be divided into four categories, namely, Zen aesthetics, Chusao aesthetics, Taoist aesthetics and Confucian aesthetics.Academic circles generally believe that Confucian aesthetics is the beginning of Chinese traditional aesthetics, while Zen aesthetics is the mature stage of Chinese ancient aesthetics.The influence of Zen aesthetics on Chinese art forms is very extensive.It is easy to see the image of Zen aesthetics in ancient Chinese art forms, such as calligraphy, painting, sculpture, poetry, architecture and so on.The aesthetic idea of Zen aesthetics is very large and has played a very important role in expanding traditional Chinese aesthetics.Zen aesthetics promote the concept of beauty to a new height.The essence of Zen is to achieve the state of getting out of the plain world and examining things from a completely different perspective instead of just focusing on the appearance of things.Zen aesthetics is the most profound understanding and elaboration of aesthetics.The combination of the plant landscape design and Zen aesthetics has had profound influence to the design of the loyal gardens and the towns of China historically.
White Institutional Presence: The Impact of Whiteness on Campus Climate

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this conceptual paper, Diane Gusa highlights the salience of race by scrutinizing the culture of Whiteness within predominately White institutions of higher education. Using existing research in higher education retention literature, Gusa examines embedded White cultural ideology in the cultural practices, traditions, and perceptions of knowledge that are taken for granted as the norm at institutions of higher education. Drawing on marginalization and discrimination experiences of African American undergraduates to illustrate the performance of White mainstream ideology,Gusa names this embedded ideology White institutional presence (WIP) and assigns it four attributes: White ascendancy, monoculturalism, White estrangement,and White blindness.
Simulation Study on the Magnetic Field Characteristics of a Permanent Magnet Motor for a Rim-Driven Device

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The rim-driven device (RDD) integrates the motor and the impeller, which can achieve shaftless, modular, and integrated operation of the turbomachinery system and has broad application prospects. To reduce the axial length and radial thickness of the RDD, a motor with a thin-yoke wide-tooth fractional slot concentrated winding stator and a coreless Halbach permanent magnet array rotor is designed. Theoretical and finite element simulation analyses of its air gap magnetic field characteristics were carried out. The results show that, for the thin-yoke wide-tooth fractional slot concentrated winding permanent magnet motor, the harmonic magnetic field generated by the magnetic poles should mainly consider the magnetic field components produced by the interaction between the harmonic magnetomotive force of the magnetic poles and the constant air gap specific magnetic permeability, as well as the magnetic field components generated by the interaction between the fundamental magnetomotive force of the magnetic poles and the fundamental and second-order harmonic air gap specific magnetic permeability. The harmonic magnetic field generated by the current should mainly consider the magnetic field components produced by the interaction between the harmonic magnetomotive force with a small number of pole pairs (NOPP) and large amplitude generated by the current and the constant air gap specific magnetic permeability. Compared with radial magnetic flux density, tangential magnetic flux density has the same NOPP and frequency components, with a phase difference of 90°. The fundamental amplitude difference between them is larger, while the harmonic amplitude difference between them is smaller.
Controlling the Fractional-Order Chaotic System Based on Inverse Optimal Control Approach

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we numerically investigate the chaotic behaviors of a fractional-order system. We find that chaotic behaviors exist in the fractional-order system with an order being less than 3. The lowest order we find to have chaos is 2.4 in such system. In addition, we numerically simulate the continuances of the chaotic behaviors in the fractional-order system with orders ranging from 2.7 to 3. Finally, a simple, but effective, linear state feedback controller is proposed for controlling the fractional-order chaotic system based on an inverse optimal control approach. Numerical simulations show the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed controller.
A DSL Framework for Policy-Based Security of Distributed Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Securing distributed systems remains a significant challenge for several reasons. First, the security features required in an application may depend on the environment in which the application is operating, the type of data exchanged, and the capability of the end-points of communication. Second, the security mechanisms deployed could apply to both communication and application layers in the system, making it difficult to understand and manage overall system security. This paper presents a policy-based approach to meeting these needs. We propose a framework based on a domain-specific language for the specification, verification and implementation of security policies for distributed systems. Based on a set of abstractions, this framework allows to develop modular security policies and independent of the underlying system. Thus, security policies can be developed by a developer who is not necessarily computer security expert.