jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Clearance of circulating leukemic blasts during induction therapy to predict treatment response regardless of cytogenetic risk or age in adult acute myeloid leukemia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

e18522 Background: Despite the development of prognostic factors for stratification models in AML patients, treatment response in individual patient has not been predicted accurately. Early assessment of individual response is of great practical significance in determining the timing of interim bone marrow biopsy and guide further chemotherapy. Our study investigates whether the timing of circulating blasts (CBs) clearance during induction therapy can predict treatment response in AML patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 59 AML patients who received standard cytarabine and anthracycline regimen during induction between January, 2000- 2011 at William Beaumont Health System. Patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia or history of myelodysplastic syndrome were excluded. AML is considered refractory if morphological evaluation, flow cytometry or cytogenetic study was positive in the post induction bone marrow results. Response to induction therapy was assessed according to Cancer and Leukemia Group B criteria as complete remission versus treatment failure. Results: We noted that 46 of 59 patients (77.9%) showed CBs at the time of diagnosis. During the induction therapy, CBs clearance occurred within 7 days (early clearance) in 31 among these 46 patients. The remaining 13 patients had CBs persistent more than 7 days (delayed clearance). The frequency of treatment failure was significant higher in patients with delayed clearance comparing to those with early clearance (93.3% vs 48.3%, p = 0.0033). There were no statistically significant difference in treatment response among cytogentic risk groups, nor among age groups (60 years and older vs. younger than 60). Absence of peripheral blasts at diagnosis was not associated with superior complete remission rate comparing to group with early blast clearance (53.8% vs 51.6%, p > 0.05). Conclusions: Persistent peripheral blasts more than 7 days during standard induction therapy is associated with higher induction failure rates, regardless of cytogenetic risks and age. Clearance of CBs can be used as an independant predictor of treatment response to induction chemotherapy.
Approximating residual sets by strongly residual sets

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let M M be a closed topological manifold, R R residual in M M , and N N any neighborhood of R R in M M . The fulfillment by R R of a certain local separation property in M M implies that there exists a topological spine R ′ R’ of M M such that N ⊃ R ′ ⊃ R N \supset R’ \supset R . (Topological spine = strongly residual set.) This local separation property is satisfied whenever R R is an ANR \operatorname {ANR} , or when dim ⁡ R ≦ dim ⁡ M − 2 \dim R \leqq \dim M - 2 .
Looking for Trouble: Medical Science and Clinical Practice in the Historiography of Modern Medicine

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The relationship between the pursuit of science and the practice of medicine has been a theme of abiding interest among medical historians. For the past 30 years or so, historians have characterised that relationship largely in terms of divergence, tension and conflict. My contention is that that tension has been over-stated. In this paper, I show how the narrative of conflict came to dominate historians’ accounts of science–medicine relations, and suggest some reasons why that narrative, rather than a more mutualistic understanding of science and medicine, enjoys such credibility among historians of medicine.
Early Postoperative Oral Feeding after Elective Colorectal Surgery.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

腹腔鏡下大腸切除術の普及に伴い,早期離床,早期食事開始が行われるようになってきた.開腹大腸手術にも早期食事開始が可能と考え,大腸待機手術患者に対して早期食事開始を試み,その安全性,合併症につき検討した.対象: 1996年2月より97年3月までの大腸待機手術患者28例(早期群). 1995年1月より95年12月までの54例(通常型).方法:術当日または第1病日に経鼻胃管を抜去.腸閉塞,縫合不全を疑う所見がなければ,第1病日より水分を開始.第2病日,全粥食を開始.結果:早期群と通常群において平均水分開始日(1.3±0.5病日対5.4±1.7病日),平均食事開始日(2.9±0,8病日対7.3±5.1病日),排ガスまでの日(2.2±0.9病日対7.3.2±1.2病日)で有意差が見られた.嘔吐(7.1% vs. 3.7%),胃管再挿入(3.6% vs.1.9%),縫合不全(9.1% vs.10.6%)で有意差は見られなかった.大腸待機手術患者に対し早期の食事開始は安全で患者に受けいれられるものである.
The Potential of GMP-Compliant Platelet Lysate to Induce a Permissive State for Cardiovascular Transdifferentiation in Human Mediastinal Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are considered eligible candidates for cardiovascular stem cell therapy applications due to their cardiac transdifferentiation potential and immunotolerance. Over the years, the in vitro culture of ADMSCs by platelet lysate (PL), a hemoderivate containing numerous growth factors and cytokines derived from platelet pools, has allowed achieving a safe and reproducible methodology to obtain high cell yield prior to clinical administration. Nevertheless, the biological properties of PL are still to be fully elucidated. In this brief report we show the potential ability of PL to induce a permissive state of cardiac-like transdifferentiation and to cause epigenetic modifications. RTPCR results indicate an upregulation of Cx43, SMA, c-kit, and Thy-1 confirmed by immunofluorescence staining, compared to standard cultures with foetal bovine serum. Moreover, PL-cultured ADMSCs exhibit a remarkable increase of both acetylated histones 3 and 4, with a patient-dependent time trend, and methylation at lysine 9 on histone 3 preceding the acetylation. Expression levels of p300 and SIRT-1, two major regulators of histone 3, are also upregulated after treatment with PL. In conclusion, PL could unravel novel biological properties beyond its routine employment in noncardiac applications, providing new insights into the plasticity of human ADMSCs.
Cost-efficiency and budget-neutral expanded access modeling of pembrolizumab versus the novel PD-1 inhibitor toripalimab in locally advanced or metastatic nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Toripalimab generates significant savings that enable budget-neutral funding for up to 17,533 [34,093] additional maintenance cycles over one year [two years] with toripalimab + pemetrexed in nonsquamous NSCLC, or 972 [973] full one-year [two-year] regimens.
Method for Increasing The Accuracy of Tracking The Center of Attention of The Gaze

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Defending against threats in today's world requires the latest technology. One of the promising methods for solving problems is biometric. The algorithm of operation of optoelectronic biometric security systems, the task of which is to assess the emotional response of a person to a specific test object, must include a marker by which the system will distinguish a predetermined emotional response of a person. Pupillometry and tracking can be successfully used in such systems. Biometric systems aimed at searching for certain signs of a psychophysical state with the help of pupils must be able to interpret them correctly. The decryption process is very difficult because the size of the pupil depends on many factors. Thus, one of the most important tasks, the solution of which is a determining factor in whether the developed biometric system will work, is to explain each plot of the pupil. In addition, the task of accurately contouring and building a spotlight track comes to the fore. Our research aims to improve the accuracy of attention tracking without using infrared lighting.
Imaging in Neurodegeneration: Movement Disorders

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Recent advances in the understanding of brain function are opening new frontiers in the investigation of movement disorders and neurodegeneration. The importance of the brain network-like characteristics is rapidly emerging together with increasing evidence that brain diseases imprint specific alterations on such networks. There is a strong need to determine molecular correlates associated with the network-type alterations to enable understanding of disease origin and mapping between clinical disease manifestations, genetic predispositions, and disease-triggering mechanisms. These considerations justify and highlight the importance of recent technological developments in positron emission tomography (PET) and integration of PET and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), where the high neurochemical sensitivity of PET is complemented by MRI-derived measures of structural and functional connectivity. Ongoing developments of PET tracers suitable to image novel molecular targets and improvements in image reconstruction and analysis methods are further enhancing the relevance of imaging in addressing the complexity of brain function and disease-induced multidimensional alterations. This paper describes a conceptual justifications for the synergy between PET and MRI as related to neurodegeneration and movement disorders, discusses some predominantly PET-related developments relevant to and catalyzed by such synergy, and describes some novel multimodal metrics relevant to fundamental aspects of brain function altered early by disease.
Growth inhibitory effects of 3'-hydroxypterostilbene in human prostate cancer cells and xenograft mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Prostate cancer is the second highest cause of cancer-related death among men in the United States. Most of these deaths are caused by invasive and metastatic spread of the prostate cancer. Therefore, more efforts should be dedicated to the development of preventive strategies to reduce prostate cancer prevalence and impact. Pterostilbene (Pt) is a natural antioxidant compound predominantly found in blueberries, grapes and a tree wood, Pterocarpus marsupium. 3'-Hydroxypterostilbene (OHPt), one of hydroxyl analogs of pterostilbene, can be isolated from whole plant of the herb Sphaerophysa salsula, a shrub widely distributed in central Asia and northwest China. The objective of this study was to investigate the growth inhibitory effects of 3'-hydroxypterostilbene on human prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that OHPt significantly decreased cell viability of PC-3 and LNCaP cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. However, OHPt showed much stronger inhibitory effects on the growth of the prostate cancer cells in comparison with its parent compound Pt, suggesting that addition of an OH group to the 3’-position of Pt ameliorated its anti-cancer cell proliferative activity. Next, we further elucidated the molecular mechanisms of anti-proliferation of human prostate cancer cells by OHPt. Treatment with OHPt induced apoptosis via disruption of mitochondrial membrane integrity and activation of caspase-8, caspase-9 and caspase-3 in both PC-3 and LNCaP cells. Moreover, OHPt increased the ratio of proapototic protein Bax to anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL. These findings suggested that OHPt had a strong growth inhibitory effect on PC-3 and LNCaP cells through induction of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathway. Besides, OHPt induced autophagic cell death by upregulating the expression of Beclin-1, LC3 proteins and autophagosome formation. Furthermore, in vivo study, OHPt showed potent anti-tumor effects in PC-3 xenograft nude mice. Treatment of mice with OHPt efficiently inhibited the tumor volume and tumor weight. Taken together, the findings of this research provide insights that OHPt might have significant chemotherapeutic applications for the future management of prostate cancer.
Aza‐Wittig Reaction, Carbodiimide‐Mediated Ring Closure, and Enol‐Induced Ring Interconversion: A Domino Process for the Synthesis of 4‐Methylene‐4H‐3,1‐benzoxazines.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Social networks: Networking of social actors in the sphere of economic activities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article reviews one of the important fields of study in contemporary economic sociology - social networks in the sphere of economic activities. Besides basic theoretical and methodological conceptions in studying social networks that originate from general sociology and special sociological disciplines most important fields of study of social networks in economic sociology are presented. Some influential studies of social networks are analyzed; some key weaknesses of social network approach are pointed out, as well as possibility of their future development.
Microbial degradation of normal maize and bm3 maize in the rumen observed by scanning electron microscopy

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Samples of internodes and leaf blades from normal and bm3 maize ( Zea mays L) harvested at dough to glazing stage were studied separately to determine their dry matter content, wall composition (NDF, ADF and ADL) and digestibility in sacco . For examination by light and scanning electron microscope, fragments 0·5 cm long were cut halfway along the internode beneath the female ear and on the corresponding blade. The wall and lignin contents of the bm3 maize were lower than in normal maize. The bm3 maize had a greater extent and faster rate of internode and blade disappearance in the rumen than normal maize samples. The histological structure of the two maizes was the same, but after 24 h in the rumen the parenchyma of the bm3 maize had degraded faster and the secondary walls of the fibres of its vascular bundles were degraded whereas those of normal maize had remained intact. After 72 h in the rumen the sclerenchyma of normal maize had changed little whereas that of the bm3 maize had much thinner walls and was abundantly colonised by rumen bacteria.
Shophouse spirit : layered living in modern Singapore.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Shophouses were, at one point, the dominant building form in Singapore. First brought to the island by immigrants from Southern China in the 19th century, they earned widespread popularity across races and social classes because of their adaptability, and the ease with which they could be built. Now, they are icons of Singapore’s history and heritage. But shophouses represent more than just Singapore’s past. Behind the shutters of each shophouse, reside inhabitants who embrace an ethos very different from that of the rest of the population. This feature writing final year project seeks to express the spirit of the shophouse lifestyle through the stories of the people living in and around them. It hopes to uncover perspectives on living that are timeless – yet especially timely for a society that is grappling with what it will take to grow successfully.
Information security management practices: study of the influencing factors in a Brazilian Air Force institution

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This article aims at analyzing the factors which influence the staff of the Air Force In-formation Technology Board – DTI in relation to the understanding of the application of the Information Security Management practices. This attempt was based on the hypothetical-deductive method and, as to its objective, it was descriptive in nature. As to the approach of the research problem, it was quantitative in nature. In order to achieve the proposed objective, an adaptation of the Theoretical Technology Acceptance Model – TAM, which allowed the analysis of the relation between sociodemographic profile, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude and behavior of the users, and the level of understanding of the Information Security practices. The survey was conducted with 59 military servants and civilians which are part of the Brazilian Air Force Information Technology Board, to whom a questionnaire was applied, submitted and approved by the Committee of Ethics in Research (CAAE: 62636016.7.0000.5111), which was based on the precepts of ISO/IEC 27001 (2013) and 27002, which deal, respectively, with the Information Security Management system and with the code of practice for Information Security controls. Once the data were gathered, they were tabu-lated and statistically analyzed, which enabled the demonstration of the influence of sociodemographic and behavioral factors and of the precepts of the TAM in the perception of the Information Security practices by the DTI staff.
Migration and transformation of heavy metals during pyrolysis of printing and dyeing sludge

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The effects of pyrolysis conditions and sludge water content on the distribution of heavy metals, Cr and Cu, in the pyrolysis residues of printing and dyeing sludge were studied through the horizontal tube furnace pyrolysis experiments, and the release trend of heavy metals in the pyrolysis residues was discussed. Experiments show that under N2 atmosphere, the release rate of Cr in the sludge is basically not released with the increase of temperature, but the form of chromium in the printing and dyeing sludge can be converted to more stable Cr3+ due to the reducing atmosphere provided by it. In the simulated dry flue gas atmosphere containing oxygen, the chromium in the printing and dyeing sludge was oxidized, so that the release was promoted. The copper in the printing and dyeing sludge has a very low pyrolysis volatilization under N2 atmosphere, while in dry flue gas, the CO2 generated by CO2 pyrolysis reduces Cu to form CuCl, which increases the release of copper. At the same time, the increase of sludge water content is conducive to the fixation of the two heavy metals in the coke. The inhibition of Cr release by water is mainly achieved by providing a reducing atmosphere; while for copper, water can promote the chlorine in the sludge to generate HCl, thereby reducing the Volatilization of CuCl.
Parade Albums and Censorship in the Soviet Union

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

With the strengthening of the Soviet Union a new type of book came to replace the earlier forms and formats of avant-garde print culture: the so-called parade album. At the latest with the Writers' Congress of 1934, indeed, avant-gardists were subjected to new guidelines that drove on key notions such as "Narodnost," "Klassovost," "Ideinost" and "Tipichnost." The new doctrine stipulated that from here on all artistic creations should be close to the people. Key representatives of the avant-garde such as Gustav Klutsis, El Lissitzky, Alexander Rodchenko and Varvara Stepanova became active for state publishing houses, working on different magazines or books. They were supposed to demonstrate that only the Soviet Union followed the right political path and that its economic upswing was linked to a social upswing. By working for state publishing houses, the avant-gardists secured their livelihood and were offered an opportunity to continue artistic work on paper. Nonetheless, working for state publishing houses only offered limited protection from state sanctions. Printed works frequently disappeared from libraries or were mutilated, among others by erasing representations of personae non grata, either by tearing out pages from already printed books or journals or by blackening or cutting out the corresponding images.
Regional climates in GCMs. Final report

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This research describes empirical methods developed to obtain short-term, regional results from global climate models. Observational data sets were compared to the GENESIS climate model; spatial and temporal variability were examined to validate the circulation model on the synoptic scale. A feed-forward neural network was used to determine transfer functions for circulation-precipitation relationships. The empirical methodologies derived were then applied to the analysis of mountain snowpack in the upper Colorado Basin. The comparison of observational data and the model showed that the synoptic scale circulation of the GENESIS model is realistic over the eastern United States; however, the model features are displaced south by about five degrees and actual pressures in the model are much lower than observed pressures. Preliminary results from the neural network produced correlations between observed and predicted rainfall of about 0.7 to 0.8, depending on the net configuration. Similar results were obtained for the upper Colorado Basin study in the prediction of winter snowfall. 6 refs., 3 figs.
The use of body measurements in cattle to predict future live weight

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Farmers need to select cattle into final slaughter groups in advance. Traditionally combinations of live weight and eye appraisal are used to make these selections. To improve this process, live weight, length from withers to top of tail, width across hook bones and depth from brisket level behind shoulder to top of withers were measured at 3-monthly intervals on Angus steers from 8 to 30 months of age. Of all the individual measurements, previous live weight predicted end weight better than any single body measurement. This was improved by including other body measurements selected using stepwise regressions. Although no particular combination of measurements was best for all time periods the results showed that length, width and body depth added value to current live weight as selection criteria for drafting steers into final slaughter time herds.
Analysis of a follow-up program for anal canal carcinoma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The ideal follow-up program for anal canal cancer remains unclear and controversial. We hereby describe an extensive follow-up program for anal canal carcinoma in order to evaluate which examinations and which diagnostic techniques really had impact on survival and management. We evaluated 25 patients with anal canal carcinoma. Local excision (LE) was performed in 5 patients, radiochemotherapy (RCT) in 13, radiochemotherapy and local excision (RCTE) in 7. Mean follow-up time was 6.3 years (range 20 months-11 years). The follow-up program included clinical examination, serum tumor markers evaluation, transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS), anoscopy with either mucosal or by Tru-cut needle multiple biopsies, standard chest X-ray and hepatic-inguinal ultrasonography, endoanal magnetic resonance imaging and in some cases total-body skeletal scintigraphy. A large multicentered randomized and prospective trial is surely lacking and should be undertaken as soon as possible. Our results suggest that an effective local control, rather than a higher survival is the reachable goal at present for anal canal carcinomas. However, further steps should be made to achieve better results. After this experience we propose a more semplified follow-up protocol which consists in performing only rectal examination, endoscopy, Tru-cut needle biopsies and TRUS for local control and inguinal ultrasound and TC to evidence distant metastases.
Music communication as studied by means of performance

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article presents an overview of a long-term research work with a rule system for the automatic performance of music. The performance rules produce deviations from the durations, sound levels, and pitches nominally specified in the music score. They can be classified according to their apparent musical function: to help the listener (I) in the differentiation of different pitch and duration categories and (2) in the grouping of the tones. Apart from this, some rules serve the purpose of organizing tuning and synchronization in ensemble performance. The rules reveal striking similarities between music performance and speech; for instance final lengthening occur in both and the acoustic code used for marking of emphasis are similar.