jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Advance in research on novel live-attenuated dengue vaccine

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Dengue fever(DF) has emerged as the most important arbovirus disease with sharp increase in its morbidityand fatality in the tropical and subtropical zones in the last three decades,but at present there is no safe and effective den-gue vaccine.The present status of research on traditional live-attenuated dengue vaccine and the remarkable progress in no-vel live-attenuated dengue vaccines on the basis of reverse genetics system are discussed in this review.
Aqueous ozonation of atrazine. Product identification and description of the degradation pathway

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAqueous ozonation of atrazine. Product identification and description of the degradation pathwayCathleen J. Hapeman-Somich, Guiming. Zong, William R. Lusby, Mark T. Muldoon, and Rolland. WatersCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1992, 40, 11, 2294–2298Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00023a048https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00023a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views292Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Cracking, crushing, and yielding of reinforced concrete beams is investigated by the finite element technique. Three-dimensional, 20-node isoparametric elements are used. The analysis incorporates the elasto-plastic behavior of concrete and reinforcing steel and the cracking of concrete stressed in tension beyond a limiting tensile stress. Shear retention in the cracking plane is also considered. The results obtained by this procedure compare well with those obtained experimentally and analytically.
Attitude Change Towards Mental Illness during Nursing Education —-A Cross-cultural Study of Student Nurses in Korea, Republic of China and Japan

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

This is an initial report of a cooperative project by colleagues in Korea, the Republic of China (Taiwan) and Japan, involving the measuring of attitudes toward mental illness. The discussion mainly revolves around the influence of mental health education in nursing on attitudes towards mental illness. The subjects' attitudes were assessed by Wig's profiles. The attitudes of freshmen who had just entered nursing schools and seniors who had already finished clinical training in psychiatry were compared to measure the attitude change during the course of nursing education, if any. Non-medical students sewed as a control group. As a result, a seemingly “negative and pessimistic” attitude was demonstrated in the senior student nurses. The findings are examined and discussed.
Spike-based control monitoring and analysis with Address Event Representation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Neuromorphic engineering tries to mimic biological information processing. Address-event representation (AER) is a neuromorphic communication protocol for spiking neurons between different chips. We present a new way to drive robotic platforms using spiking neurons. We have simulated spiking control models for DC motors, and developed a mobile robot (Eddie) controlled only by spikes. We apply AER to the robot control, monitoring and measuring the spike activity inside the robot. The mobile robot is controlled by the AER-Robot tool, and the AER information is sent to a PC using the USBAERmini2 interface.
Wireless magnetoelectrically powered organic light-emitting diodes

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Compact wireless light sources are a fundamental building block for applications ranging from wireless displays to optical implants. However, their realization remains challenging because of constraints in miniaturization and the integration of power harvesting and light-emission technologies. Here, we introduce a strategy for a compact wirelessly powered light-source that consists of a magnetoelectric transducer serving as power source and substrate and an antiparallel pair of custom-designed organic light-emitting diodes. The devices operate at low-frequency ac magnetic fields (~100 kHz), which has the added benefit of allowing operation multiple centimeters deep inside watery environments. By tuning the device resonance frequency, it is possible to separately address multiple devices, e.g., to produce light of distinct colors, to address individual display pixels, or for clustered operation. By simultaneously offering small size, individual addressing, and compatibility with challenging environments, our devices pave the way for a multitude of applications in wireless displays, deep tissue treatment, sensing, and imaging.
Methods of creation of bladder cancer models and their application in preclinical studies (literature review)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose of the study to summarize available data on methods for creating bladder cancer models for their application in preclinical studies. Material and methods. A systematic literature search was conducted in the Elibrary, Pubmed, Googlescholar, CyberLeninka databases. Results. The review shows current data on various bladder cancer models and their application in practice. Bladder cancer pathology, identification of diagnostic markers and the development of new therapies are of the main challenges facing the management of bladder cancer. To solve these problems, it is often necessary to conduct preclinical studies using experimental models. Conclusion. Bladder cancer models that can fully reproduce a human disease in terms of histology and behavior are necessary to study the factors involved in cancer development, progression and metastasis. For this, various experimental models are currently used. Human tumor xenografts in mice are widely used. They can reproduce the main pathophysiological features of cancer biology. However, it is necessary to clearly present all the pros and cons of the selected experimental models. The literature review presents modern data on the etiology of bladder cancer, results of preclinical studies on various experimental models, including orthotopic and heterotopic xenografts.
A channel matching scheme for cross-chain

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

At present, the cross-chain technology works on becoming a bridge to build trust and transmit the information among chains. However, most of the existing schemes have poor universality, and they also have insufficient protection for the process of information cross-chain transmission. Contraposing the deficiencies above, we propose a channel matching scheme for cross-chain (CMSCC), CMSCC combines the ideas of the relay chain scheme and the channel in Fabric. The relay chain named chain-anchor and relay-chain (CARC) can be connected to other blockchains by multi-blockchain communication and consociation protocol (MBCCP). In CARC, the order peers will match the peers which on different chains and will create the peer matching channel (PMC) among matched peers. So, the information can be transmitted among matched peers. Finally, the experiment verifies that CMSCC enables information to be transmitted among chains through PMC, and CMSCC can also protect the process of information cross-chain transmission by PMC simultaneously.
Algorithms for rational vaccine design

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Design of an HIV vaccine has proven to be a difficult challenge. Vaccines designed by the traditional approach based on using a single weakened virus or a portion of a virus have not provided sufficient protection. The large variability of the HIV virus population is believed to be the main cause of failure for the vaccine candidates. In this thesis, I introduce an immunologically motivated vaccine score which accounts for the variability of the target HIV population. The exact optimization of this score is an NP-hard problem. I introduce algorithms, both approximate methods are approximate and exact, for designing a high scoring vaccine. The approximate methods are based on expectation maximization methods and use approximate probabilistic inference. The exact method is based on a branch-and-cut method for the asymmetric orienteering problem. The score and the algorithms for maximizing the score are validated both in-silico and in-vitro. In-silico comparisons are made to other methods aimed at overcoming HIV variability. The in-vitro Elispot experiments demonstrate an expected protection in ∼ 90% of infections.
Hip–Knee Joint Coordination Patterns are Associated With Patellofemoral Joint Cartilage Composition in Patients With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Joint coordination variability during walking that is associated with patellofemoral joint cartilage degeneration after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to assess between-limb differences in joint coordination variability and to determine the relationship of coordination variability with postoperative patellofemoral joint cartilage composition. Thirty-five patients underwent bilateral gait analysis and a magnetic resonance exam of the reconstructed knee joint at 6 months post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Vector coding was used to assess coordination variability during the early (1%–33%), mid (34%–66%), and late (67%–100%) stance phase. The T1 ρ /T 2 mapping was used to evaluate the glycosaminoglycan–collagen matrix of the patellar and femoral trochlear cartilage. Compared with the uninjured limb, the reconstructed limb exhibited higher hip sagittal/knee sagittal plane coordination variability during midstance as well as higher knee sagittal/ankle sagittal plane coordination variability during both mid and late stance. The hip sagittal/knee sagittal plane coordination variability during midstance predicted 14.6% of the variance in patellar cartilage T1 ρ values within the reconstructed limb. In addition, sex of participants was able to predict 32.4% and 13.7% of the variance in femoral trochlea T1 ρ and T 2 values, respectively. The study results demonstrate that a multijoint mechanism may be associated with early patellofemoral joint cartilage degeneration at 6 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
Services for Handicapped Youth: A Program Overview (Abridged Version)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This is an abridgment of the first two reports on the findings of the RAND Coporation’s cross-agency evaluation of government programs for the more than 9 million mentally or physically handicapped youth aged 0-21 who are impaired enough to need services not required by “normal” youth. The programs are grouped into areas and discussed by the five different types of agencies that administer them: health, welfare, education, vocational rehabilitation, and mental health and retardation. In recent years all such programs expended nearly $5 billion annually for services. The report provides a descriptive overview of the handicapped youth population, the structure and functioning of the system, the current state and federal service programs, the resources devoted to various classes of handicapped youth, and the services delivered. Also identified are major problems of the present service system, both in the services delivered and in the institutional structure of some of the programs. (Published as part of Handicapped Children: Strategies for Improving Services, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1979.)
Preparation and Characterization of Amine-modified Gradient Polyethylene Surfaces

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A gradient polyethylene (PE) surface was created through corona treatment, in which the corona power increased along the 5-cm length of the PE. The gradient PE surface was treated by amines with varying molecular weights. TOF–SIMS results exhibited the gradient surface images and intensities before and after amine modification on the corona-treated PE surface.
[Morphological points of departure for the therapy of rheumatic diseases].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pathogenic mechanisms of several rheumatic diseases are reported. Besides signs of nonspecific inflammation there are characteristic features in some rheumatic disorders: in rheumatoid arthritis one can find mesenchymoid proliferation and - in seropositive cases only - necrosis ot tissue. In ankylosing spondylitis osseous metaplasia of the intervertebral discs, in psoriatic arthritis, osteoclastic and in osteoblastic changes without inflammation. In fibrositis syndrome, however, there was no evidence of inflammation, but one may detect local muscular lesions and proliferation of fibroblasts. Pain in osteoarthritis is always caused by secondary inflammation. Due to this data, the possibilities of treatment are discussed, especially those of nonsteroidal drugs.
Understanding the Relationship between Atherogenic Index of Plasma and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Staff of an University in Malaysia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background . Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was found to be one of the strongest markers in predicting the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. This study was to determine the AIP and its relationship with other CVD risk factors. Materials and Methods . This cross-sectional study was done among 349 staff of a public university in Sarawak. Data were collected using questionnaire, blood sampling, and anthropometric and blood pressure measurement. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20. Results . A total of 349 respondents participated with majority females (66.8%), aged 38.5 ± 7.82 years. Nearly 80% of the respondents were overweight and obese, 87.1% with high and very high body fat, and 46.9% with abnormal visceral fat. For AIP category, 8.9% were found to be in intermediate and 16.4% were at high risk. Elevated lipid profile showed that total cholesterol (TC) is 15.5%, low density lipoprotein (LDL) is 16.1%, and triglyceride (TG) is 10.6%. AIP was significantly correlated with body mass index (r=0.25), visceral fat (r=0.37), TC (r=0.22), LDL (0.24), HDL (r=−0.72), TG (r=0.84), glucose (r=0.32), systolic blood pressure (r=0.22), and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.28). Conclusion . It indicated that AIP is associated with other CVD risk factors. Modification of lifestyle is strongly recommended.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Functions, Prognostic and Diagnostic Values of RNA Binding Proteins in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Increasing evidence has suggested that RNA binding protein (RBP) dysregulation plays an important part in tumorigenesis. Here, we sought to explore the potential molecular functions and clinical significance of RBP and develop diagnostic and prognostic signatures based on RBP in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods: The Limma package was applied to identify the differently expressed RBPs between HNSCC and normal samples with |log2 fold change (FC)|≥1 and false discovery rate (FDR)<0.05. the immunohistochemistry images from the Human Protein Atlas database The diagnostic signature based on RBP was built by LASSO-logistic regression and random forest and the prognostic signature based on RBP was constructed by LASSO and stepwise Cox regression analysis in training cohort and validated in validation cohort. All these analyses were performed using the R software. Results: A total of 84 aberrantly expressed RBPs were obtained, comprising 41 up-regulated and 43 down-regulated RBPs. Seven RBP genes (CPEB3, PDCD4, ENDOU, PARP12, DNMT3B, IGF2BP1, EXO1) were identified as diagnostic related hub gene and were used to establish a diagnostic RBP signature risk score (DRBPS) model by the coefficients in LASSO-logistic regression analysis and shown high specificity and sensitivity in the training (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.998), and in all validation cohorts (AUC > 0.95 for all). Similarly, seven RBP genes (MKRN3, ZC3H12D, EIF5A2, AFF3, SIDT1, RBM24 and NR0B1) were identified as prognosis associated hub genes by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and stepwise multiple Cox regression analyses and were used to construct the prognostic model named as PRBPS. The area under the curve of the time-dependent receiver operator characteristic curve of the prognostic model were 0.664 at 3 years and 0.635 at 5 years in training cohort and 0.720, 0.777 in the validation cohort, showing a favorable predictive effificacy for prognosis in HNSCC. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate the values of consideration of RBP in the diagnosis and prognosis for HNSCC and provide a novel insights to understand potential role of dysregulated RBP in HNSCC.
A teenager with combined methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria (CblC type) presenting with neurological symptoms and congenital heart diseases: a case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Combined methylmalonic acidemia and homocystinuria, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder due to defective intracellular cobalamin metabolism. We report an 18-year-old Chinese male who presented with hypermyotonia, seizures, and congenital heart diseases. Mutation analysis revealed c.365A>T and c.482 G>A mutations in the MMACHC gene, diagnosed with methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria (CblC type). After treatment with vitamin B12, L-carnitine, betaine, and folate, which resulted in an improvement in his clinical symptoms and laboratory values. This case emphasizes that inborn errors of metabolism should be considered for a teenager presenting with challenging or neurologic symptoms, especially when combined with unexplained heart diseases.
The delayed impact of group therapists' interventions

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The direct and delayed impact of therapist interventions on 21 clients in three outpatient therapy groups was examined. Sessions one and five of each group were taped with every therapist intervention analyzed according to the Group Therapist Interventions Scale and every client utterance rated on the Experiencing Scale and categorized by the Group Immediacy Scale. It was hypothesized that therapists would have a delayed rather than direct influence on group process measures. When pairs of therapist-patient statements were examined; little immediate impact was evident. However, a profound delayed impact of group leaders was inferred from the finding that astherapist interventions became more forceful over the first five sessions, patients' level and immediacy of experiencing became more intense.
An analysis of the fatty acid composition of raw ruminant milks in the province of Ontario

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This thesis is an investigation of the variations in the milk fatty acid composition as affected by season and region, breed, and other ruminant species. A cold lipid extraction method based on Folch, Lees, and Sloane (J Biol Chem 1957 226) and Bligh and Dyer (Can J Biochem Physiol 1959 37) was used with methyl esters analyzed on a gas chromatograph equipped with a CP Sil 88 column. Seasonal and regional effects, breed as well as smaller ruminant effects were seen in vaccenic, linoleic, and rumenic acids content, total CLA and other PUFAs. Goat and sheep milks had the most SFAs, especially SCFAs. Jerseys and sheep contained the most vaccenic acid whereas goats had the most linoleic acid. Sheep had the highest total CLA content, especially rumenic acid, and also had the most PUFAs. The results provide data which could aid the Ontario dairy industry to produce a potentially healthful product which would benefit all stakeholders.
Studies on metabolism of linoleic‐1‐14C acid in testes of hypophysectomized rats

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Studies are reported on the influence of hypophysectomy and pituitary gonadotrophins on the interconversion and incorporation of linoleic‐1‐ 14 C acid into lipid classes of mature rat testis. Linoleic 1‐ 14 C acid was injected into the testes of mature rats 3 weeks after hypophysectomy. Groups of animals were killed at 0.25, 0.50, 1, 3, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hr after injection of the radioactive linoleic acid, and the incorporation of radio‐activity into the fatty acids and lipid classes of the testicular lipids was determined. Similar experiments were carried out with hypophysectomized animals injected intramuscularly with luteinizing or follicle stimulating hormones, or both. The specific activitties of the triglyverides and phospholipids of the testicular lipid increased to a maximum ca. 1 hr after the injection of the radioactive linoleic acid, then decreased sharply. The general pattern of changes in the specific activities of these compounds indicated that the rate of fatty acid catabolism was greatly increased by hypophysectomy. In contrast, the specific activities of the cholesteryl esters and glyceryl ether diesters changed slowly after reaching a maximum at approximately the same time. This pattern, their accumulation in the lipid, and an increase in the constituent 22∶5 indicated that the turnover of these compounds was impaired by hypophysectomy. The conversion of linoleic acid to arachidonic acid was also impaired by hypophysectomy, as evidenced by an increase in the percentage and the high specific activity of 20∶3 compared to 20∶4. The administration of gonadotrophins partially prevented the effects of hypophysectomy, indicating that some of the enzymes in the testes involved in the metabolism of the lipids are hormone sensitive.
Identifying the Nature of the Active Species in the Polymerization of Methacrylates:  Inhibition of Methyl Methacrylate Homopolymerizations and Reactivity Ratios for Copolymerization of Methyl Methacrylate/n-Butyl Methacrylate in Classical Anionic, Alkyllithium/Trialkylaluminum-Initiated, Group Transfer Polymerization, Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization, Catalytic Chain Transfer, and Classical Free Radical Polymerization

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Reactivity ratios have been determined for the monomer pair methyl methacrylate and n-butyl methacrylate under a range of polymerization conditions. The value of using reactivity ratios as a mechanistic probe is discussed. Reactivity ratios determined where M1 = MMA and M2 = n-BMA are 1.04, 0.81, classical anionic; 1.10, 0.72 , alkyllithium/trialkylaluminum initiated; 1.76, 0.67, group transfer polymerization; 0.98, 1.26, atom transfer radical polymerization; 0.75, 0.98, catalytic chain transfer; and 0.93, 1.22, classical free radical polymerization. The data suggest ATRP and CCTP proceed via radical type propagation. Li/Al-initiated polymerization undergoes an anionic mechanism, while strong evidence is found for an associative, catalyst dependent mechanism for GTP. Galvinoxyl is demonstrated to inhibit GTP as well as free radical polymerization, and it is suggested that neither the use of inhibition nor polymer stereochemistry can be used to distinguish between anionic and radical processes.