jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Microbial Power‐Generating Capabilities on Micro‐/Nano‐Structured Anodes in Micro‐Sized Microbial Fuel Cells

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are an alternative electricity generating technology and efficient method for removing organic material from wastewater. Their low power densities, however, hinder practical applications. A primary limitation in these systems is the anode. The chemical makeup and surface area of the anode influences bacterial respiration rates and in turn, electricity generation. Some of the highest power densities have been reported using large surface area anodes, but due to variable chemical/physical factors (e.g., solution chemistry, architecture) among these studies, meaningful comparisons are difficult to make. In this work, we compare under identical conditions six micro/nano‐structured anodes in micro‐sized MFCs (47 μL). The six materials investigated include carbon nanotube (CNT), carbon nanofiber (CNF), gold/poly (ϵ‐caprolactone) microfiber (GPM), gold/poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) nanofiber (GPN), planar gold (PG), and conventional carbon paper (CP). The MFCs using three dimensional anode structures (CNT, CNF, GPM, and GPN) exhibited lower internal resistances than the macroscopic CP and two‐dimensional PG anodes. However, those novel anode materials suffered from major issues such as high activation loss and instability for long‐term operation, causing an enduring problem in creating widespread commercial MFC applications. The reported work provides an in‐depth understanding of the interplay between micro‐/nano‐structured anodes and active microbial biofilm, suggesting future directions of those novel anode materials for MFC technologies.
Editorial: Daily life during a pandemic

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The first two issues of the Education Horizons, published in 2021, reflect on how the epi‑ demiological situation in Poland and in the world contributed to significant transformations in the area of education, care and upbringing. However, the range of influence of the new context of functioning is much greater – it has left its mark on almost all spheres of our lives. Persistent beliefs, emotions and behaviours have changed and are still being changed. The way of perceiving and experiencing everyday challenges posed by dy‑ namically changing circumstances has also been changing, as well.
Biological and Sensing Applications of a Few 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Based Donor-Acceptor Systems

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract 1,3,4-Oxadiazole pharmacophore is still considered a viable biologically active scaffold for the synthesis of more effectual and broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. Therefore, the present study is based on five 1,3,4-oxadiazole target structures, viz, CAROT, CAROP, CARON (D-A-D-A systems) and NOPON and BOPOB (D-A-D-A-D systems) bearing various bioactive heterocyclic moieties relevant to potential biological activities. Three of the compounds, CARON, NOPON and BOPOB were assessed in-vitro for their efficacy as antimicrobial agents against gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and gram negative (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia) bacteria; and two fungi, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans; also, as an anti-tuberculosis agent against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Most of the tested compounds displayed promising antimicrobial activity, especially CARON which was then analyzed for the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) studies. Similarly, NOPON portrayed the highest anti-TB activity among the studied compounds. Consequently, to justify the detected anti-TB activity of these compounds and to recognize the binding mode and important interactions between the compounds and the ligand binding site of the potential target, these compounds were docked into the active binding site of cytochrome P450 CYP121 enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 3G5H. The docking results were in good agreement with the result of in-vitro studies. In addition, all the five compounds were tested for their cell viability and have been investigated for cell labeling applications. To conclude, one of the target compounds, CAROT was used for the selective recognition of cyanide ion by ‘turn-off’ fluorescent sensing technique. The entire sensing activity was examined by spectrofluorometric method and MALDI spectral studies. The limit of detection obtained was 0.14 μM.
Anaplasmosis Control and Diagnosis in South Africa

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A bstract : Anaplasmosis is widespread in South Africa with more than 99% of the total cattle population at risk. Five tick species have been experimentally shown to be capable of transmitting Anaplasma in South Africa. Mechanical transmission through blood contaminated instruments and biting flies also occurs. Vaccination against Anaplasma marginale by administration of an Anaplasma centrale live‐blood vaccine has been practiced in this country since 1912. Although generally a mild pathogen, Anaplasma centrale can cause severe clinical reactions following vaccination and also does not afford complete protection against all A. marginale isolates. Anaplasmosis vaccine is routinely available in a deep‐frozen form and approximately 220,000 doses of vaccine are sold per annum. Microscopic examination of stained thin blood smears is still the most reliable and cost effective method of confirming a clinical diagnosis of anaplasmosis. Several diagnostic tests, such as the complement fixation tests, card agglutination test, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) have been developed to identify carrier cattle. A competitive inhibition ELISA test, based on antibody binding to a recombinant MSP‐5 protein conserved among Anaplasma species, is routinely used at this laboratory.
LHD ECEI3 #159705.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The electron cyclotron emission (ECE) imaging to determine the electron temperature profile by measuring the intensity of each frequency of ECE. This system uses a wide-band two-dimensional horn-antenna mixer array (HMA) whose frequency response is between 50 and 110 GHz and the ECE signal is selected using a 95 GHz local oscillator and a 93 GHz high-pass filter.
Critical Peace Education and Global Citizenship

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Critical Peace Education and Global Citizenship offers narrative accounts representing multiple ways teacher and learner activists have come to realize possibilities for peace and reconciliation through unofficial curricula. With these narratives, the book demonstrates the connections between critical peace education and such crucial issues as human trafficking, gang violence, contested narratives of nationhood and belonging, gender identities, and the significance of mentoring. Through rich examples of pedagogic work, this volume enhances and illustrates critically oriented understandings and interpretations of peace in real classrooms with diverse populations of students. Written primarily for scholars and graduate students working in the fields of educational theory, critical pedagogy, and educational policy, the chapters in this book tell a compelling story about teachers, learners and scholar activists who continue to struggle for the creation of transformative and meaningful sites for peace praxis.
Graphene and graphene oxides: recent advances in chemiluminescence and electrochemiluminescence

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Due to the high surface area, excellent conductivity, high mechanical strength, and good biocompatibility, graphene has become a growing area of interest since it was first discovered in 2004. Despite these important achievements in the design of fluorescent, colorimetric and electrochemical sensors, the merging of graphene and chemiluminescence (CL) or electrochemiluminescence (ECL), especially CL is still in its infancy. In this review, according to the roles that graphene and its derivatives play in various CL or ECL systems, we discuss the new CL and ECL sensors in particular, in the last two years. Furthermore, we discuss some future prospects and critical challenges in this field. Additionally, possible solutions to overcome these challenges are presented.
Marfan Syndrome: A Report of Two Cases and Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Marfan syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder of the connective tissues, resulting in abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular system and eyes. It has a prevalence of 1 in 100,000 population and occurs in all ethnic groups. It may be familial or due to new mutation (30%), in the fibrillin gene on arm of chromosome 15. It is estimated that one person in every 3000 to 5000 has Marfan′s syndrome may have cardiovascular abnormalities and may be complicated by infective endocarditis. About 90% of Marfan patients will develop cardiac complications.
Paraquat and glyphosate action on purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) in Olive Orchards

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A weed control trial was conducted in order to investigate the effect of two herbicides, paraquat and glyphosate, on Cyperus rotundus infestation in olive orchards. Treatments consist on two glyphosate rates of application and two paraquat rates of application. The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Each block contained five elementary plots, four plots of which were treated with the herbicides and the untreated plots serving as control. Observations were carried out at 30 and 90 days after application of herbicides. Results showed that treatment with glyphosate at 1080 g/ha and Paraquat at 400 g/ha recorded 100% of visual efficacy rating on C. rotundus at 30 days after treatment. At 90 days after treatment, glyphosate at 1080 g/ha showed the best efficacy recording 80% of visual efficacy rating on C. rotundus. However, paraquat at 800 g/ha showed weak control of C. rotundus recording only 50%. Glyphosate at 1080 g/ha recorded 78.6% of C. rotundus dry biomass reduction at 90 days after treatments. Paraquat at 400 g/ha, paraquat at 800 g/ha and glyphosate at 540 g/ha recorded weak efficacy varying from 34.7% to 53.5 % of C. rotundus dry biomass reduction at 90 days after treatments. Glyphosate at 1080 g/ha could be recommended to olive farmers when C. rotundus infestation is dominant.
Identification of endoparasites in Spotted deer (Axis axis) gastrointestinal tract conserved in Hasanuddin University entrance park, Makassar

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract The objective of this study was to identify endoparasite in the Spotted deers’ ( Axis axis ) gastrointestinal tract conserved in Taman Pintu Satu (Park entrance) Hasanuddin University, Makassar. The study was conducted from October to December 2014 and continued in February 2015. Thirty-three samples were collected randomly and examined by the fluid method. Results showed that endoparasites were found in one of 25 samples in the dry season and three of eight samples in the wet season. The endoparasites were identified as Oesophagostomum spp, Haemonchus sp, Eimeria spp. The season, geographical location, and temperature were considered as the most critical factors of the occurrence of parasites in one place. This finding indicates that some factors could lead to the occurrence of endoparasites in animals, especially in Spotted deer.
Strategy for Preservation of Ptolemaic Wrapped Mummy’s Linen in Tuna el -Gebel Excavation, Egypt: A Case Study

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research shows the practical strategies which were chosen for maintenance and conservation of textiles discovered in Tuna el -Gebel excavations, Egypt. This process represents the first aid to these objects, hidden in tombs over thousands of years. Thus, the operations carried out are very important in detecting the state of conservation of these remains of human activity. They also aimed at reducing the damage caused by storage conditions through thousands of years. The challenge that conservators of historic textiles face in this case is the decrease of the available and necessary possibilities for conducting the process of restoration in the best way. On the other hand, leaving these textiles without a conservation process may double the causes of damage in the textiles leading eventually to their complete loss.. The process of restoration has been recorded step by step, from the historical records of textiles to the cleaning processes. Moreover, the choice of a new holder for displaying textile pieces in museum and their placement in it are discussed.
Evaluation of aortic cannula jet lesions in a porcine cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) model.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In cardiosurgery patients atherosclerotic debris displaced from the cannulation site but also from the opposite aortic wall by the "sandblast-like" effect of the high-pressure jet emanating from the cannula is a potential source of intraoperative arterial embolization and consequently postoperative neurologic dysfunction. The present study examined the extent to which shear stress exerted on the intact aortic intima by an aortic cannula jet stream can cause endothelial lesions that promote thrombogenesis and consequently thrombembolism. A single-stream, straight-tip aortic cannula was used in a porcine cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) model. Following a 120-minute CPB pump run, a 60-minute stabilization period was allowed before sacrificing the pigs (N.=40) for histological evaluation of the ascending aorta and the brain. Opposite the cannulation site endothelial lesions (diameter: 3.81±1.3 mm; depth: 0.017±0.003 mm) were present in 22.5% (9/40) of aortic specimens. Cerebral thrombembolic lesions were not found. The present study showed that single-stream, straight-tip aortic cannulas caused jet lesions of the formerly intact aortic endothelium opposite the cannulation site in 22.5% of cases in a porcine CPB model.
First identification of class A carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in the Republic of Ireland

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) was detected in a carbapenem-resistant respiratory isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae in an Irish hospital. This is the first report of a KPC-producing isolate in the Republic of Ireland. The isolate was resistant to all β-lactams. Furthermore, it had reduced susceptibility to three other classes of non-β-lactam antibiotics. The isolate was not associated with travel abroad. Detection of KPC-producing bacteria has important infection control and public health implications.
Soybean Aphid Efficacy Screening Program, 2015

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, has drastically changed soybean pest management in the North Central region. To date, SBA can be successfully managed by timely scouting and foliar insecticides. Host plant resistance is the newest soybean aphid management tool and is complementary to existing chemical control. In 2015, we established plots at two Iowa State University Research Farms (Northeast and Northwest) on 27 May and 27 May, respectively. NK S25-E5 soybean variety was used for all the soybean aphid-susceptible treatments, and 28ARC5 soybean variety was used for the Rag2 -containing treatments. Plots were arranged in an RCB design with four replications. Each plot was six rows in width and 50 ft in length at the Northeast location and six rows in width by 44 ft in length at the Northwest location. Treatments containing …
PTH-026 Roboscope – 2 centre initial experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction

Robotic colonoscopy was introduced to UK in 2015. It has previously been used in other European centres. Robotic colonoscopy is an automatic self-propelled, user guided, single use colonoscope which has been developed to enable successful caecal intubation, with reduced discomfort (painless colonoscopy).

Methods

The technique has been piloted in a number of UK centres, results are presented for initial use in 2 centres.

Results

Royal Derby Hospital 10 procedures undertaken: 1 was abandoned because of technical problems with the equipment. Of the 9 procedures undertaken, 4 were successful to the caecum, 5 were unsuccessful (3 to hepatic flexure, 2 to sigmoid). Of the 5 that were unsuccessful, all were changed to traditional colonoscopy and successful colonoscopy to the caecum was performed. Borders General Hospital 17 procedures undertaken: 9 were successful to the caecum, 8 were unsuccessful (4 to hepatic flexure, 4 to sigmoid). Of the 8 that were unsuccessful, all were changed to traditional colonoscopy and successful colonoscopy to the caecum was performed. Combined data Caecal Intubation rate 48% Mean Procedure time 74 minutes (23 patients) Analgesia requirements – 26 patients required opiate and midazolam, 1 patient Entonox only

Conclusions

In the 2 centres trialling the Robotic colonoscopy, the technique is associated with low caecal intubation rate, long procedure times and analgesia requirements equivalent to traditional colonoscopy. Both units no longer carry out this procedure.
The safety profile of FLT3 inhibitors in the treatment of newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In the near future, it is possible that all the FLT3 positive non M3-AML patients will receive a FLT3 inhibitor. Therapy adherence and strategies to mitigate adverse events must be pursued. The treatment with FLT3 inhibitors may be optimized in terms of toxicities with a rational evaluation of antifungal prophylaxis and concomitant therapy, cardiology monitoring, and keeping in mind rare adverse events. Future studies on unfit patients, special populations, and maintenance settings are warranted, together with post-market studies and real-life experiences. Whenever new FLT3 inhibitors will come to the clinic, we could face a scenario in which profound knowledge of effectiveness, toxicities, and off-target effects will be relevant to choose the best drug for each patient.
‘There are worse places than Dalmuir!’ Glaswegian Riveters on the Clyde and the Copperbelt

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article follows the fortunes of a group of riveters who moved, briefly, from the Clyde to the Copperbelt to work on construction at the newly opened copper mines in the region in 1930. Escaping from Depression-era Glasgow, these volatile riveters clashed with hard-bitten American mine managers over wages, self-respect and the colour bar in southern Africa, events best understood within a framework of the transnational world of white labour. The history of labour migration in colonial Africa has been studied almost exclusively in terms of African labour yet large numbers of people arrived from outside the continent to work on the mines in central and southern Africa. Although only a sliver of these wider population flows, the riveters provide a snapshot in the wider British labour movement and movements of white migrants during this period. This article argues that their experiences illustrate the curious, influential politics of 'white labourism' where political radicalism and industrial militancy were intricately linked to white domination and racial segregation. Drawing on records from the mining companies, it will be demonstrated that these men saw themselves as militant representatives of an international working class, but one strictly delineated on racial lines.
Tessier cleft numbers 7 and 30: case report and literature review.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Background: Orofacial clefts are developmental anomalies that involve the lips and face and constitute the commonest variety of craniofacial clefts. While the lateral facial cleft (Tessier cleft no. 7) is relatively common, the median mandibular cleft (Tessier cleft no.30) is a rarity with less than seventy cases reported in the literature. Though the spectrum of severity requires individualized treatment plan, the goal of surgery has always been functional reconstitution of the oral sphincter and restoration of facial balance. Patients: We present our experience in the management of two uncommon cases of rofacial malformation. Results: Surgical outcome was satisfactory in both cases. Conclusion: Sequential approach to management to produce an ideal result i.e. functional reconstitution of the oral sphincter and restoration of facial balance is required. Keywords: orofacial clefts, median mandibular clefts, lateral facial clefts, facial balance, cleft team.Nigerian Journal of Plastic Surgery Vol. 4 (2) 2008: pp. 52-57
WNK3 abrogates the NEDD4-2-mediated inhibition of the renal Na+-Cl−cotransporter

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The serine/threonine kinase WNK3 and the ubiquitin-protein ligase NEDD4-2 are key regulators of the thiazide-sensitive Na + -Cl − cotransporter (NCC), WNK3 as an activator and NEDD2-4 as an inhibitor. Nedd4-2 was identified as an interacting partner of WNK3 through a glutathione- S-transferase pull-down assay using the N-terminal domain of WNK3, combined with LC-MS/MS analysis. This was validated by coimmunoprecipitation of WNK3 and NEDD4-2 expressed in HEK293 cells. Our data also revealed that the interaction between Nedd4-2 and WNK3 does not involve the PY-like motif found in WNK3. The level of WNK3 ubiquitylation did not change when NEDD4-2 was expressed in HEK293 cells. Moreover, in contrast to SGK1, WNK3 did not phosphorylate NEDD4-2 on S222 or S328. Coimmunoprecipitation assays showed that WNK3 does not regulate the interaction between NCC and NEDD4-2. Interestingly, in Xenopus laevis oocytes, WNK3 was able to recover the SGK1-resistant NEDD4-2 S222A/S328A-mediated inhibition of NCC and further activate NCC. Furthermore, elimination of the SPAK binding site in the kinase domain of WNK3 (WNK3-F242A, which lacks the capacity to bind the serine/threonine kinase SPAK) prevented the WNK3 NCC-activating effect, but not the Nedd4-2-inhibitory effect. Together, these results suggest that a novel role for WNK3 on NCC expression at the plasma membrane, an effect apparently independent of the SPAK kinase and the aldosterone-SGK1 pathway.
Impact of Bleached Kraft Pulp Mill Effluent on the Nearshore Benthic Community of Jackfish Bay, Lake Superior

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We assessed the impact of bleached kraft pulp mill effluent on benthic invertebrate community structure in the shallow (1 m) nearshore waters of Jackfish Bay, Lake Superior. Duplicate benthic samples were collected from 0.5 m2 quadrats at twenty-three stations along two shorelines of Jackfish Bay up to 1800 m from the point of effluent discharge, and from a reference station located within the Jackfish Bay study area. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) revealed a gradient of stations on both shorelines which was strongly correlated with distance from effluent outfall and hence exposure to the effluent plume. Within this gradient were two distinct clusters of stations. The first cluster contained all but one station on both shores &lt;300 m from the outfall; these stations receive constant exposure to the effluent and were dominated (&gt;90%) by tubificids (Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Tubifex tubifex, T. ignotus and Spirosperma ferox) and the naidid Chaetogaster diaphanus. The second cluster contained all stations on both shores &gt;300 m from the outfall; community structure at these stations was generally comparable to that at the reference site and was characterized by several species of Chironomidae, C. diaphanus and Nais barbata, and low numbers of several insect taxa. The results of this study show that benthic community structure in nearshore environments can be significantly impacted by pulp mill effluent and should be considered in monitoring assessments. At Jackfish Bay, such impacts appear to be restricted primarily to within the first 500 m of effluent discharge.