jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of FDA Boxed Warning on Prescribing Patterns of Fluoroquinolones for Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Little is known regarding the impact of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) boxed warning on prescribing rates of fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibiotics in the outpatient setting. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the 2016 FDA boxed warning update on FQ prescribing rates for uncomplicated urinary tract infection (uUTI). Methods: This was a single-center retrospective cohort study conducted at 6 family medicine practices, including women aged 18 to 65 years with an outpatient visit for uUTI from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2016. Results: A total of 436 patients met inclusion. FQs were prescribed in 38% of patients before the FDA boxed warning and in 30% of patients after (8% reduction). Non-FQ prescribing had a corresponding 8% increase, comprising 62% of uUTI prescribing before the FDA boxed warning and 70% after ( P = 0.08). The likelihood of being prescribed a FQ was not significantly different following release of the FDA boxed warning (adjusted odds ratio = 0.67 [95% CI = 0.41-1.10]). Variables significantly associated with an increase in FQ prescribing based on logistic regression were age ≥58 years and chronic kidney disease. Concordance of antibiotic prescribing with the Infectious Diseases Society of America clinical practice guidelines for uUTI was low, and the incidence of treatment failure was low. Conclusion and Relevance: The 2016 FDA boxed warning was not significantly associated with decreased FQ prescribing for uUTI across a large academic family medicine practice. Methods to improve education and disseminate FDA warnings in practice are needed.
Estimating soil moisture profiles by microwave radiometry over a wheat field

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This paper demonstrates the use of microwave radiometry in sensing soil moisture profiles over a wheat field. Field measurements of brightness temperatures collected by the PORTOS radiometer operating at 1.4, 5.05 and 10.65 GHz, and concurrent measurements of soil moisture profiles to a depth of 10 cm over a wheat field during a 2.5-month complete growing cycle in 1993 (PORTOS-93 experiment), were used. A Dynamic Learning Neural Network (DLNN) was applied to manage nonlinear mapping from brightness temperatures to soil moisture profiles.
The prognostic value of cardiac dysfunction assessed by bedside echocardiography in critically ill patients with COPD requiring mechanical ventilation: a study protocol

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Chronic obstructive lung disease is not only a major cause of morbidity and mortality, but is also the major reason for intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Cardiac function is often impaired in this disease, but its association with clinical outcome has not been fully established. Methods and analysis This is a prospective observational study conducted in a 47-bed mixed ICU of a tertiary academic teaching hospital. The study will be performed from January 2014 to December 2015. All patients meeting the diagnostic criteria of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and admitted to the ICU are potentially eligible for the present study. The relevant demographics and laboratory measurements have been obtained. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed immediately after ICU admission by experienced intensivists. The Cox proportional hazard regression model has been fitted by using a stepwise forward selection and backward elimination technique. If linear assumption is not satisfied, the linear spline function will be used. Ethics and dissemination The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of Jinhua municipal central hospital. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and shared with the worldwide medical community. Trial registration number The study protocol is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT02099279 ).
Optimal posture control for stability of intelligent cane robot

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An intelligent cane robot (iCane) was designed for aiding the elderly who have muscle weakness on lower limbs. A commercial omni-directional wheels robot was used as an omni-directional mobile base, and an aluminum stick was installed on the base of cane robot. A Concept called "intentional direction (ITD)" was proposed for estimating the user's walking intention by analyzing the signal of a 6-axis force/torque sensor which is fixed to the handle of stick. A universal joint driven by two DC motors was designed to control the posture of the stick. As a care-nursing device, the cane robot was designed to assist the elderly in both indoor and outdoor environments. Therefore the size and weight of cane robot should be minimized. But in that case, there is high risk that the cane robot would be pushed over by the user. In this paper a constrained nonlinear multivariable algorithm was designed to optimize the stable posture of cane robot. By controlling the posture of stick, the maximums sufferable torque moment which lead to cane robot falling over can be increased. The experimental results show that the stability of cane robot can be enhanced effectively.
Linguistic Landscape: Investigation of Linguistic Representations of Cape Town

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Linguistic Landscape (LL) refers to language use on objects in public space. An analysis of LL can uncover social realities and inter-group dynamics that are not readily apparent. The purpose of this study is to review the pertinent literature and to describe the LL of a limited area of Cape Town in terms of 1) Language represented in public space (street signs, commercial signs, and public notices), 2) Source of language selection (Top-Down vs. Bottom-Up), and 3)Type of sign (street, commercial, public notice). The use of English was found to be disproportionately dominant, and multilingualism underrepresented. Implications of this study point to the importance of LL analysis in order to obtain a clear picture of de facto realities of different linguistic communities within a single space.
Wormhole inducing inflation in Kaluza–Klein cosmology

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present wormhole as a solution of Euclidean field equations as well as the solution of Wheeler–DeWitt equation in (4 + 1)-dimensional Kaluza–Klein cosmology minimally coupled with scalar field. A simple analytic solution of the Euclidean field equations enlightens classical forbidden domain in the wormhole configuration under analytic continuation in the Euclidean space by [Formula: see text]. Numerical solutions of the field equations allow wormhole configuration with some standard potentials. The wormhole solution triggers decay of potential and reduction of internal space. Cosmic evolution of a wormhole shows an inflationary era away from the classical forbidden domain introducing aforesaid analytic continuation. Analytic and numerical solution of the Wheeler–DeWitt equation also supports Hawking–Page wormhole boundary conditions.
Gambaran Penjualan dan Investası Obat Bermerek Apotek “X” Kelurahan Karang Anyar Kota Tarakan dengan Metode ABC Tahun 2022

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Effective drug management requires careful inventory control to prevent problems with shortages or excess stock which can be detrimental to both the pharmacy and consumer service. This research aims to identify the percentage of drugs based on sales and investment transactions using the ABC method at Pharmacy "X" and grouping drugs into categories A, B, or C. This research is retrospective and uses a quantitative descriptive approach. The research object is data on the use of branded drugs at Pharmacy "X" for the period January- December 2022. The sample consists of 897 drug items throughout 2022, and samples were taken using the total sampling method. Data analysis involves marking numbers, item names, types, quantities, units, total prices, and trade groups, which are then sorted based on sales and investment transactions from largest to smallest. ABC analysis of this study shows that Group A dominates drug sales, while Group C has the largest number of drug items despite low movement. Close monitoring is required in Group A to prevent losses due to expired drugs. Pharmacy "X" needs to consider reducing inventory in Group C to optimize expenditure and storage space, thereby reducing the risk of expired medicines and increasing inventory management efficiency.
Conclusion: truth, beauty and intoxication

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

I have endeavoured, throughout the course of this book, to show that wine can be an object of serious philosophical reflection and serious appreciative attention. I began, in Chapter 1, by rejecting sceptical claims – arising from common-sense intuitions, philosophical speculations and scientific study – about the inability of tastes and smells to provide us with genuine knowledge of objects. Such knowledge, in the case of wine, requires a certain level of training and expertise, and we saw that much of the empirical evidence frequently called on to undermine the existence of expertise actually instead supports it. It does so primarily in demonstrating that taste and smell perception is crucially affected and shaped by background knowledge and experience, and that this plays a key role in wine tasting.
Acute onset nitrofurantoin‐induced autoimmune hepatitis after urinary tract infection treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Key Clinical Message This case signifies the importance of recognizing DIAIH within the context of antibiotic therapy, especially in older adults and even shortly after common drug exposures for treating UTI. Abstract Various drugs can induce immune‐mediated liver damage and in rare instances may lead to autoimmune hepatitis. Here we report an 84‐year‐old woman who developed autoimmune hepatitis less than 3 weeks after treatment for urinary tract infection with the antibiotic nitrofurantoin. She presented with jaundice, right upper quadrant abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. In the absence of a history of an autoimmune disorder or elevated liver enzymes in the past; elevated liver enzymes after a short course of Nitrofurantoin and the presence of smooth muscle antibodies strongly suggested autoimmune hepatitis, which was confirmed through biopsy sample analysis. The patient scored 7 points on the Naranjo adverse reaction probability scale. The patient's rapid recovery within 1 month of prednisone therapy supports the association of liver damage with nitrofurantoin use.
Design of Intelligent Question Answering System for Hospital Online Triage based on Knowledge Graph

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

At present, people pay more and more attention to medical and health issues, and more and more Internet users are eager to obtain medical related knowledge from the Internet. However, despite the large amount of medical data spread on the Internet, it is difficult for ordinary Internet users to effectively obtain and use these data through search engines. To solve this problem, this paper designs and implements a medical question answering system based on knowledge map, so that users can quickly obtain the relevant knowledge in the medical field they want by asking questions, and realize the effective use of medical data on the Internet. At present, there are few question answering systems in the medical and health field, so the medical question answering system designed in this paper has a broad application prospect. The medical knowledge map constructed in the system can also be used in more application scenarios such as medical chat robots in the future, further promoting the process of intelligence in the medical field.
The effects of negative information transference in the celebrity endorsement relationship

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to test empirically the impact of negative information about a celebrity spokesperson on consumers' perceptions of the endorsed brand. In addition, it is the first study to examine the reverse relationship: the impact of negative information about the brand on the celebrity endorser. Design/methodology/approach A two‐group, post‐test‐only, randomized experimental design was utilized to test the hypotheses. Data were collected by a survey of 247 college students. Findings The results of an experiment indicate that when respondents are exposed to negative information about a celebrity endorser, a negative transference of affect in the endorsement relationship will occur. However, when the situation is reversed and the respondents are exposed to negative information about the brand, the transference of affect is mitigated. Research limitations/implications The present study provides a starting‐point for further research on negative information transference in the celebrity endorsement relationship. Practical implications It is crucial that retailers be aware of the risks associated with using celebrities to endorse their stores and products. Given that these results provide tentative support for the commonly held belief that a decline in the celebrity's image can impact the image of the brand, it is important that retailers carefully choose an endorser who currently has a good image and will likely be able to uphold this image in the future. Originality/value The paper introduces and empirically examines one explanation of how negative information may impact the celebrity advertising process.
What do children think about doctors' communication at the Teddy Bear Hospital?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aim Excellent communication is essential for health professionals working with children. Teddy Bear Hospital (TBH) is an innovative method of developing paediatric communication skills in health‐care students. By exploring the child's perspective of medical students' communication at the TBH, we sought to better understand the role TBH plays in the development of the communication skills in medical students. Methods Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 31 children, aged 3–8 years old, who were attending a TBH run by third year medical students at the Royal Children's Hospital in Melbourne. These interviews were recorded and transcribed after which themes were generated by inductive content analysis using the programme NVivo 12 . Results Children used mostly positive language when describing interactions with teddy doctors. However, almost half of the children could not recall the medical students explaining why their teddy was sick or how their teddy would get better. Furthermore, many teddies returned from TBH with medical issues different to their initial presentation. Conclusions The communication described at TBH was overwhelmingly positive with children describing little difference between medical students and actual doctors. However, the mismatch in teddy medical issues before and after a visit to TBH along with the lack of understanding on teddy health management plans, suggests the need for further evidence‐based training in communication skills for medical students to improve their ability to communicate with very young children.
Infection and preterm delivery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Preterm delivery is defined as delivery before the 37th completed week of pregnancy, and in 1996in Scotland 84% of neonatal deaths of normally formed infants were associated with preterm delivery.1 The aetiology of preterm delivery is poorly understood, though recent evidence suggests that infection may be implicated in a substantial proportion of cases.2 The part that infection plays in the development of preterm labour or preterm, pre-labour rupture of membranes leading to preterm delivery has been the focus of much research in recent years.

One element of this work has been the finding of a strong association between the presence of bacterial vaginosis and preterm delivery. Bacterial vaginosis is a common infection of the female genital tract, caused by heavy concentrations of a mixed group of organisms, including Gardnerella vaginalis , Mycoplasma hominis , and anaerobes including curved rods and Mobiluncus species. Many of these organisms are present in small numbers in the vagina normally. Symptomatic infection is characterised by a grey vaginal discharge with a …
The JPL Smap Sea Surface Salinity Algorithm

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission was launched January 31st, 2015. It is designed to measure the soil moisture over land using a combined active / passive L-band system. Due to the Aquarius mission, L-band model functions for ocean winds and salinity are already mature and have been directly applied to the SMAP mission. In contrast to Aquarius, the higher resolution and scanning geometry of SMAP allows for wide-swath ocean winds and salinities to be retrieved. In this talk we present the SMAP Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) dataset and algorithm.
Cytotoxic T-Cell Markers and Cytokines in Human Papillomavirus 16

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Aim: Cervical cancer is the fourth main cause of mortality among women, and annually about half a million new cases are detected in developed countries. Based on oncological studies, human papillomavirus (HPV) is classified into two categories: high-risk type and low-risk type, and most cases are related to the high-risk type of human papillomavirus. HPV 16 and 18 are among the more dangerous ones in this type of cancer. Human papillomavirus is a small group of uncoated viruses with double-stranded DNA that belong to the papillomaviridae family. Materials and Methods: In this review study, more than 200 articles related to human papillomavirus and immune system function against this virus were reviewed from 2015 to 2020 and among them, 34 articles related to markers and cytokines in cervical cancer were chosen from Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed. Results: One of In-vitro methods in markers detection , is using vectors to infect dendritic cells to present antigen, increase the expression of markers and mature T cell, which leads to the identification of a variety of markers and cytoklines such as PD, PDL, CD, MHC, FASL, IFN, IL, TLR associated with cervical cancer. Conclusion: Cervical cancer prevention can reduce the economic as well as the social burden of having the disease in the community. Important cytokines expressed when exposed to HPV include IL-6 and IL-8. Several agonist epitopes with enhanced binding power to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA-A2) A2 class I antigen have been described to enhance cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses and to be used in the development of effective HPV vaccines; this is because it has already been shown that different epitopes of 16 HPVs, such as E6 and E7, are able to elicit human cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses by binding to HLA-A2.
Construction of Uncertainty Models for Renewable Energy Systems on Multiple Time Scales

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The output of the renewable energy system has strong randomness and volatility, and the construction of the uncertainty model of the system is of great significance to the power system planning. Scenario generation is a common method to analyze uncertainty problems by constructing deterministic scenarios. Since traditional scenario generation methods are sensitive to abnormal data, they cannot handle large-dimensional data well when the time scale is large. K-Medoids and Dynamic Time Warping (K-Medoids+DTW) methods can reduce the impact of abnormal data and generate scenarios for renewable energy output and load changes at multiple time scales. On this basis, the vector autoregressive model (VAR) is used to construct supply and demand matching patterns in different scenarios. This paper uses the historical data of renewable energy, adopts the improved clustering algorithm to generate typical scenarios, and builds a source-load supply-demand matching model, and finally verifies the validity of the model.
High Precision Scientific Computation Accumulator on FPGA

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we explore the capability and flexibility of FPGA solutions in a sense to accelerate high precision scientific computing applications.First,we research the inner product operation,which occurs in almost all scientific and engineering applications,and propose the exact inner product algorithm based on exact long fixed-point operations.Taking IEEE 754-2008 quadruple precision floating-point as an example,we have implemented a full-pipelined Quadruple Precision Multiplication and Accumulation(QPMAC) into FPGA devices.We propose a two-level RAM banks scheme to store the exact fixed-point result,and use carry-saved accumulator scheme to minimize the width of fixed-point adder and simplify the logic of carry resolution.We also introduce a scheme of partial summation to enhance the pipeline throughput of MAC operations,by dividing the summation function into 4 partial operations,processed in 4 banks.To prove the concept,we prototype four QPMAC units into a XC5VLX330 FPGA chip and perform LU decomposition and MGS-QR decomposition.The experimental results show that our implementations based on FPGA achieve 42X-97X better performance,more precision results and much lower power consumption compared with the use of a parallel software approach based on OpenMP running on an Intel Core2 Quad Q8200 CPU at 2.33 GHz.
The Influences of Director’s Remuneration, Earnings Management and Ownership Structure on Company Performance: Before and During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Company performance is a measure of company management's achievement in utilizing company’s financial resources. Besides showing the effectiveness of asset management, good performance reflects stable profitability. Covid-19 pandemic has decreased the revenues gained by companies of various sectors, resulting in lower company performance. To maintain their sustainability, some internal policies were implemented, by taking into account some factors that can affect company performance which include remuneration of directors, earnings management, managerial ownership, and institutional ownership. Eight transportation companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2021 period were purposively selected as samples based on the predetermined criteria. 32 observations were performed to investigate the influences of director’s remuneration, earnings management, managerial ownership and institutional ownership on company performance. After that, the gaps in company performance before and during the Covid-19 pandemic were also analyzed. The results showed that director’s remuneration negatively affected the company performance. Furthermore, earnings management and managerial ownership have a positive effect on company performance, and institutional ownership has no effect on company performance.