jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
GYY4137 protects against type 2 diabetes mellitus-associated myocardial autophagy by suppressing FOXO1 signal pathway

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Purpose: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but its effective prevention and treatment are still limited. We investigated the effects of GYY4137, a slow-releasing hydrogen sulfide donor, and its downstream mediator forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) on T2DM-associated DCM. Methods: In vivo, T2DM mice were induced by a high-fat diet coupled with streptozotocin injection. Intragastric administration of GYY4137 was also performed. In vitro, AC16 cardiomyocytes were treated with glucose and palmitate to mimic high-glucose and high-fat (HGHF) conditions, in which GYY4137 or a FOXO1 inhibitor (AS1842856) was also introduced. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using public GEO datasets. Results: GYY4137 demonstrated a protective effect against cardiac dysfunction, fibrosis, and autophagy in cardiac tissues of T2DM mice. Moreover, GYY4137 alleviated cell injury and lipid accumulation in HGHF-treated AC16 cells. In both in vivo and in vitro models, hyperactivation of autophagy was dampened by GYY4137. Bioinformatic analysis revealed the potential role of the FOXO pathway and autophagy in DCM. Further experiments showed that GYY4137 rescued diabetes-induced overexpression of FOXO1. AS1842856 displayed a notable capacity to shield cardiomyocytes against diabetes-induced injury similar to that achieved by GYY4137. Conclusion: GYY4137 protected against cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis in T2DM mice, and the mechanism might involve suppression of FOXO1-induced autophagy.
Unlockable Nanocomplexes with Self‐Accelerating Nucleic Acid Release for Effective Staged Gene Therapy of Cardiovascular Diseases

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Nucleic acid (NA)‐based therapy is proposed to address serious diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Powerful NA delivery vehicles are essential for effective gene therapy. Herein, a novel type of delivery vehicle, an unlockable core–shell nanocomplex (Hep@PGEA) with self‐accelerating NA release, is structurally designed. Hep@PGEA is composed of disulfide‐bridged heparin nanoparticle (HepNP) core and low‐toxicity PGEA cationic shell. In comparison with NA, heparin, a negatively charged polysaccharide macromolecule, exhibits stronger interactions with cationic species. Upon the breakdown of redox‐responsive HepNP cores, unlocked heparin would interact with the outer cationic shells and replace the condensed NA to facilitate NA release. Such unique Hep@PGEA is successfully explored for effective miRNA–pDNA staged gene therapy of myocardial infarction (MI), one of the most serious CVDs. With the progression of MI, glutathione amounts in heart tissues increase. MiR‐499 (for the inhibition of cardiomyocyte apoptosis) and plasmid encoding vascular endothelial growth factor (for the promotion of angiogenesis) are sequentially delivered for systemic treatment of MI. Such treatment produces impressive results in restoring heart function and suppressing cardiac hypertrophy. Due to the wide existence of redox agents in cells, the proposed unlockable delivery nanovehicle and staged therapy strategy can provide new methods to effectively treat different serious diseases.
Scope of the Freedom of Information Act 2000 and the EnvironmentalInformation Regulations 2004

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Both the Freedom of Information Act 2000 and the Environmental Information Regulations 2004 apply only to the public sector, although the Environmental Information Regulations have a broader definition of the public sector. The Freedom of Information Act lists all authorities that it regards as public authorities in Schedule 1. This is being constantly updated by a steady stream of statutory instruments, at least one a year. The list includes government departments, local authorities, NHS trusts, schools (as separate authorities from the local authority), universities, fire and rescue, police and so on. It also includes private companies wholly owned by a public authority, as defined under section 6 of the Act.
VIDEO-ASSISTED BULLECTOMY FOR EMPHYSEMATOUS GIANG BULLA AFTER INTRACAVITARY SUCTION-A CASE REPORT-

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

症例は56歳,男性,呼吸困難を主訴とし入院.右胸腔に巨大ブラがあり,健常肺虚脱,縦隔左方偏位がみられ, O221投与下でPaO271.1mmHg, PaCO258.6mmHg, VC1.751, FEV1.00.681, %VC 47.0%, FEV1.0%38.8%であった.右下葉bullaを穿刺し持続吸引後,症状の改善が得られ残存肺機能の評価ができ,安全に手術が可能であった.右腋窩中線第7肋間より胸腔鏡を挿入し第5肋間後側方小開胸下,ブラ壁境界健常肺に4-0 prolene SH水平マットレス縫合を置き,その直上で自動縫合器を掛け嚢胞を切除した.術後肺再膨張は良好でなり室内気でPaO276.4mmHg, PaCO245.9mmHg, VC3.021, FEV1.02.431, %VC 81.2, FEV1.0%85.3%に改善,術後13病日に退院した.巨大ブラのため呼吸困難に陥った症例に対する持続脱気は残存肺の機能評価,術後の再拡張後肺水腫の軽減に有用で,胸腔鏡補助下のブラ切除術は呼吸機能の保持に有用と考えられる.
Comparative Analysis of Sugarcane Varieties in the Milagro Canton, Ecuador

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sugarcane is of great economic importance for the country; large and small sugarcane growers depend on this crop. In the present research, a comparative study was conducted between sugarcane varieties for a period of five (2017-2021) and ten years (2012-2021). Data from the Valdez mill and CINCAE were processed with descriptive statistical tools. The results indicated that the most cultivated varieties from 2017 to 2021 were ECU-01 and CC85-92; for the period from 2012 to 2021, the varieties CC85-9 and ECU-01. The EC-02 variety stood out in tons of cane harvested per hectare from 2012 to 2021 and the EC-02, ECU-01, and EC-06 varieties from 2017-2021. Varieties EC-06, EC-02, and EC-05 stood out in yield of 50kg bags of sugar per hectare from 2017 to 2021, and in 2012 to 2021 the varieties EC-02 and ECU-01, respectively. Varieties EC-06, EC-04, and EC-05 (2017-2021) and RAGNAR (2012-2021) achieved lower cutting age. Varieties EC-06 and EC-05 (2017-2021) and EC-02 and RAGNAR (2012-2021) presented the highest poll percentage (%). Finally, varieties EC-06 and EC-05 (2017-2021) and RAGNAR and CC85-9 (2012-2012) had better yields in kilograms of sugar per ton of cane (KATC). It is concluded that there is a moderate positive correlation between the variable tons of cane/ha and bags of sugar/ha and a very high positive correlation between KATC and sucrose content in juice (pol grades).
Effects of a brief parenting intervention on Latinx mothers and their children

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Parent‐Child Interactions (PCI) is a home visit parenting intervention designed to promote positive parenting and deter punitive approaches to child behavior management. With attention to the importance of providing efficacious interventions for families from diverse backgrounds, this study used a subsample from a larger randomized controlled trial (RCT) to examine the efficacy of PCI intervention among Latinx participants. PCI was offered to 170 at‐risk Latinx mother–child dyads, of whom the majority were primarily Spanish speaking. Dyads were randomly assigned to an intervention or a wait‐list control condition. Path analysis modeling was used to examine parenting outcomes as a mediator of program efficacy between group assignment and children's long‐term functioning. Results suggest that Latinx parent and child functioning benefited from PCI intervention 6 months following intervention. Specifically, model results indicated significant indirect effects of the PCI intervention on (1) cooperative child behavior and (2) children's externalizing behaviors 6‐months posttreatment via parenting at post test, with mother–child dyads assigned to the treatment condition, relative to the control, demonstrating better functioning 6‐months posttreatment. Overall, findings contribute to increased understanding of parenting intervention implementation among Latinx families. Recommendations for future study are discussed.
Favorable Plaque Sealing Process after Implantation of Endeavor Zotarolimus-Eluting Stent into Chronic Total Occlusion of Sirolimus-Eluting Stent

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We here report a case with in-stent chronic total occlusion (CTO) of sirolimus-eluting stent (SES).The SES-CTO lesion was successfully treated with additional implantation of Endeavorzotarolimus-eluting stent (E-ZES) into the lesion.During the followup period of 50 months, coronary angioscopy and optical coherence tomography revealed the favorable plaque sealing process after E-ZES implantation into SES-CTO.
Method for detection of direction and speed of cloud propagation based on the structure of cloudiness self-radiation within the range of 8–13 μm

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The method for determining the direction and speed of cloud propagation is presented. The method is based on the cloud field self-radiation within the range of 8–13 μm using an automated wide-panoramic scanning system for objective parameterization of the form and cloud amount during the day- and nighttime. The proposed method is based on pairwise comparison of neighboring frames and calculation of shift direction.
Effect of Ticlopidine on Neutrophil Chemotaxis in Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The ex vivo effect of oral administration of ticlopidine on rat neutrophil chemotaxis was evaluated. Rats received either 3 oral doses (100 mg/kg body weight) of the drug, within a period of 48 h, via a gastric tube, or the drug was administered in drinking water for 14 days at a dosage of 75 mg/kg/day. Absorption of the drug was manifested by significant inhibition of adenosine diphosphate- (ADP-)induced platelet aggregation. No impairment of neutrophil chemotaxis toward zymosan-activated serum was observed in the ticlopidine-treated animals. These results indicate that concentrations of ticlopidine that significantly inhibit platelet function in rats are without effect on neutrophil chemotaxis toward zymosan-activated serum.
Treatment effects of renin-angiotensin aldosterone system blockade on kidney failure and mortality in chronic kidney disease patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a leading cause of death before and after onset of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Knowing treatments that can delay disease progression will lead to reduced mortality. We therefore aimed to estimate the effectiveness of renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) blockade on CKD progression. We conducted a retrospective CKD cohort at Ubon Ratchathani province, Thailand from 1997 to 2011. ESRD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <15 ml/min/1.73 m2, dialysis, or kidney transplantation. All-cause mortality was verified until December 31, 2011. A counterfactual-framework was applied to estimate the effectiveness of RAAS blockade on outcomes, i.e., ESRD, death before and after ESRD. RAAS blockade was categorized according to duration of use <0.25 year, 0.25–1 year (RAAS1), and >1 year (RAAS2). An augmented inverse-probability weighting (AIPW) method was used to estimate potential-outcome mean (POM) and average treatment-effect (ATE). Multi-logit and Poisson regressions were used for treatment and outcome models, respectively. Analyses were stratified by ESRD, death before/after ESRD for diabetic and non-diabetic groups. STATA 14.0 was used for statistical analyses. Among 15,032 diabetic patients, 2346 (15.6%), 2351 (18.5%), and 1607 (68.5%) developed ESRD, died before ESRD, and died after ESRD, respectively. Only RAAS2 effect was significant on ESRD, death before and after ESRD. The ESRD rates were 12.9%, versus 20.0% for RAAS2 and non-RAAS, respectively, resulted in significant risk differences (RD) of −7.2% (95% CI: -8.8%, −5.5%), and a numbers needed-to-treat (NNT) of 14. Death rates before ESRD for these corresponding groups were 14.4% (12.9%, 15.9%) and 19.6% (18.7%, 20.4%) with a NNT of 19. Death rates after ESRD in RAAS2 was lower than non-RASS group (i.e., 62.8% (55.5%, 68.9%) versus 68.1% (65.9%, 70.4%)) but this was not significant. RAAS2 effects on ESRD and death before ESRD were persistently significant in non-diabetic patients (n = 17,074) but not for death after ESRD with the NNT of about 15 and 16 respectively. Receiving RAAS blockade for 1 year or longer could prevent both CKD progression to ESRD and premature mortality.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF STATIC STRUCTURE ON THE FLOOR FRAME OF THE MEDIUM BUS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the manufacturing process, the bus frame is one of the essential parts of the vehicle that supports the overall weight of the vehicle, starting from the interior and passengers inside. In this research, we will carry out a structural strength analysis of the frame using the finite element method, which focuses on the floor frame of a medium bus which receives static loading from the bus interior, including seats with the maximum passenger capacity of a medium bus. The numerical analysis uses Solidworks 2021 for the 3D design of floor frames and structural analysis of the strength of medium bus floor frames using static structural toolbar on Ansys Workbench 2018 software by varying ASTM A514, AISI 1020, and Aluminum 2014-T4 materials. The results obtained are numerical analysis using a mesh size of 27 mm. The maximum deformation, maximum equivalent stress Von Mises, and safety factor are the same location for various ASTM A514, AISI 1020, and Aluminum 2014-T4 materials. The lowest deformation of 1.5735 mm occurred when using AISI 1020 material, and the highest deformation was 1.7209 mm when using Aluminum 2024-T4 material. The maximum equivalent stress Von Mises from the front view to section A-A is 101.23 MPa on AISI 1020 material. The safety level of the design with the material is 4.8999. AISI 1020 is the most optimal material for medium bus floor frames with the highest level of safety and lowest deformation.
Virtual Reality Technology in Developing Students' Innovation and Entrepreneurship Skills in HE

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

There is a growing awareness of the need to adopt new technologies and techniques for optimising educational outcomes. Artificial intelligence (AI) and virtual reality (VR) are growing concepts in the modern age and have received much attention from researchers and practitioners in recent years. They are also recognised as the most important developments in educational technologies. VR is not a recent technology in the education sector, and numerous studies have highlighted the positive impact of the application of VR technology in education. VR simulation technology is a potential tool to accelerate the development of critical thinking and entrepreneurship skills because it allows users to have embodied and immersive experiences. It can provide a safe and playful environment for students to experiment and explore new ideas without fear of failure or judgment. However, these technologies have their own issues. Even with the encouraging outcomes of using VR technology in the educational sector, it hasn't been widely employed and has failed to gain enough adoption by educators. A range of internal barriers, design issues, and external barriers are constrained intentions to use VR technology in HE.
Using multi-element detectors to create optimal apertures in confocal microscopy

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A detection pinhole is used in confocal microscopy to reduce contributions from image planes outside of the focal plane. The size of this pinhole may be varied but the idea of a fixed circular aperture is ubiquitous. Here it is shown that an ideal detection aperture varies as a function of the spatial-frequency being imaged. A method for calculating such detection apertures is given, an example calculation is shown and a detector array is suggested as a means to approximate these varying detection apertures
Predator occurrence and perceived predation risk determine grouping behavior in guanaco (Lama guanicoe)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Grouping behavior of social ungulates may depend on both predator occurrence and perceived predation risk associated with habitat structure, reproductive state, and density of conspecifics. Over 3 years, we studied grouping behavior of guanaco (Lama guanicoe) families in Chilean Patagonia during the birthing season and determined their response to variation in predator occurrence and perceived predation risk (habitat structure, calf/adult rate, and density of conspecifics). We considered the effect of two predators, puma (Puma concolor) and culpeo fox (Lycalopex culpaeus). We measured two common (family group size and vigilance) and one novel (family group cohesion) behavioral responses of guanaco. Our results show that guanaco family groups adapted their grouping behavior to both predator occurrence and perceived predation risk. Larger family groups were found in open habitats and areas with high puma occurrence, while guanacos stayed in small family groups in areas with high shrub cover or low visibility. Group cohesion increased in areas with higher occurrence of pumas and culpeo foxes, and also increased in smaller family groups and in areas with low guanaco density. Vigilance (number of vigilant adults) was mainly related to group size and visibility, increasing in areas with low visibility, while residual vigilance (vigilance after removing the group‐size effect) did not vary with the explanatory variables examined. Our results suggest that a mix of predator occurrence and perceived predation risk influences guanaco grouping behavior and highlights the importance of evaluating different antipredator responses together and considering all predator species in studies aimed at understanding ungulate behavior.
Analysis on Contact\nResistance and Effective Channel\nLength of Thin Film Transistors Using Composition-Modified In–Ga–Zn‑O\nActive Channels Prepared with Atomic Layer Deposition and Various\nElectrode Materials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

To\nverify the effects of process conditions for the TFTs employing\nIn–Ga–Zn-O (IGZO) channels prepared by atomic layer\ndeposition (ALD), such as cationic composition of channel and/or source/drain\n(S/D) electrodes, the device characteristics including the field-effect\nmobility (μ<sub>FE</sub>), the contact resistance (R<sub>C</sub>), and the channel length deviation (Δ<i>L</i>) were\nsystematically investigated for the ALD IGZO thin film transistors\n(TFTs) fabricated with controlling the ALD subcyclic ratios and with\nvariations in S/D electrodes of indium–tin-oxide (ITO) and\nmolybdenum (Mo). The ALD temperature was fixed at 200 °C. When\nthe subcyclic ratios of precursors (triethyl indium: In–Ga\nbimetallic: diethyl zinc) were modulated to 0:2:2, 1:2:2, and 2:2:2,\nthe cationic compositions (In:Ga:Zn) were determined to be 1.0:2.8:5.4,\n1.0:1.1:2.3, and 1.0:0.7:1.5, respectively. As the the indium (In)\ncontents within the IGZO channel increased from 5% to 14%, the μ<sub>FE</sub>’s obtained from the TFTs using ITO and Mo S/D showed\ndramatic improvement from 16.1 to 36.9 cm<sup>2</sup>/(V s) and 2.8\nto 20.1 cm<sup>2</sup>/(V s), respectively. For both sets of devices,\nthe Δ<i>L</i>’s were estimated to be sensitively\nvaried with channel compositions, and the <i>R</i><sub>C</sub> markedly decreased owing to the reduction of barrier height formed\nat electrode/channel interfaces with increasing the In contents. The\ntypes of S/D electrodes also have a critical effect on the device\nperformance. The devices using Mo S/D exhibited marked degradations\nin device characteristics rather than the devices using ITO S/D, which\nwas suggested to originate from the additional formation of MoO<sub>3</sub> layer at Mo/IGZO interfaces during the ALD process for the\npreparation of IGZO channel layers. Based on these findings, the intrinsic\nvalues of μ<sub>FE</sub> for the ALD IGZO TFTs could be determined\nwith considerations of <i>R</i><sub>C</sub> and Δ<i>L</i>, especially for the devices with shorter channel lengths.
Effect of Urea and SP-36 on the Growth of Grafted Rubber Seedling (Hevea brasiliensis Muell.Arg.) Clone PB 260

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of research to determine the effect of urea and SP-36 fertilizer as well as their interaction on the graftedrubber seedling growth, and to find appropriate doses of urea and SP-36 fertilizers for better growth of grafted rubber seedlings.The research was conducted from February 2015 until May 2015 in the village of Empas, Sub District of Melak, West Kutai Regency, East Kalimantan Province.The study design used was completely randomized design (CRD) in a factorial 4 x 4, and repeat 3 times, which comprises two factors research. The first factor was Urea (N), consisted of four levels, namely: no urea application or control (n0), 2,5g/polybag (n1), 5g/polybag (n2), and 7,5g/polybag (n3). The second factor was SP-36 fertilizer (P), consisting of 4 levels, namely: no SP-36 fertilizers application or control (p0), 2,5g/polybag (p1), 5g/polybag (p2), and 7,5g/polybag (p3).The results showed that the treatment of urea (N) affects highly significant on the plant height at ages of 2, 3 and 4 months after grafting, number of leaf at 4 months after grafting and stem diameter at 3 and 4 months after grafting. It affected significantly on the number of leaf at 3 months after grafting. But it did not affect significantly on the number of leaf at 2 months after grafting, and stem diameter at 2 months after grafting.SP-36 fertilizer treatments (P) affected very significantlyon the stem diameter at 3 and 4 months after grafting. It affected significantly on the plant height at 4 months after grafting. But it did not affect significantly on the seedling height at 2 and 3 months after grafting, number of leaves at 2, 3 and 4 months after grafting, and stem diameter at 2 months after grafting.The interaction treatment (NXP) affected significantly on the stem diameter at 4 months after grafting. But it did not affect significantly on the seedling height at 2, 3 and 4 months after grafting, number of leaves at 2, 3 and 4 months after grafting, and stem diameter at 2 and 3 months after grafting
Mental health assessment in rehabilitation: a descriptive study through an international internet survey

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This cross-sectional study assessed international rehabilitation practitioners’ views of mental health assessment (MHA), related specifically to assessment tools and needs in the field. We delivered an anonymous web-based survey capturing rehabilitation practioners’ perspectives on MHA practices, assessment tools, and needs through the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine in the USA and through national rehabilitation networks in Finland and Norway. Altogether, 355 rehabilitation professionals answered the survey. Unmet MHA needs, most often attributed to insufficient time (112/269 responders), were recognized among rehabilitation professionals irrespective of the country of practice. When professional experience was weighed against barriers to conducting MHA, cost was statistically significantly linked to professional experience, with those with less experience viewing cost more as a barrier ( P =0.019). Rehabilitation professionals from different professions, in different countries, and working with a variety of clinical populations recognize defined barriers to MHA in rehabilitation.