jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Pseudorabies Virus Latency to Other α-Herpesvirinae Subfamily Members

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Pseudorabies virus (PRV), the causative agent of Aujeszky’s disease, is one of the most important infectious pathogens threatening the global pig industry. Like other members of alphaherpesviruses, PRV establishes a lifelong latent infection and occasionally reactivates from latency after stress stimulus in infected pigs. Latent infected pigs can then serve as the source of recurrent infection, which is one of the difficulties for PRV eradication. Virus latency refers to the retention of viral complete genomes without production of infectious progeny virus; however, following stress stimulus, the virus can be reactivated into lytic infection, which is known as the latency-reactivation cycle. Recently, several research have indicated that alphaherpesvirus latency and reactivation is regulated by a complex interplay between virus, neurons, and the immune system. However, with those limited reports, the relevant advances in PRV latency are lagging behind. Therefore, in this review we focus on the regulatory mechanisms in PRV latency via summarizing the progress of PRV itself and that of other alphaherpesviruses, which will improve our understanding in the underlying mechanism of PRV latency and help design novel therapeutic strategies to control PRV latency.
Implementation Joule Thief Buck-Boost Converter in A Neodymium Wind Power Plant

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Wind power generation is gaining popularity as an environmentally friendly renewable energy source. However, the output voltage of a wind generator usually varies according to the wind speed, requiring a power converter to produce a stable DC voltage. The author of this research aims to implement a Joule Thief Buck-Boost Converter on a neodymium wind power generation system. Joule Thief is a DC-DC converter that has the ability to convert a low input voltage into a higher output voltage, and can maintain a relatively stable output voltage despite changes in the input voltage. In this study, a Joule Thief buck-boost converter is used to regulate the output DC voltage of the neodymium wind generator to remain stable despite the changing wind speed. System testing is done by measuring the output voltage of the neodymium wind power plant. The test results show that the Joule Thief Buck-Boost Converter can maintain the output DC voltage at a stable value of 14V at input voltages above 3V, so the implementation of this converter in neodymium wind power plants is proven effective in producing a stable DC voltage. This research is expected to contribute to the development of a more efficient and reliable wind power generation system.
Insulin secretion and differential gene expression in glucose-responsive and -unresponsive MIN6 sublines

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We have established two sublines derived from the insulin-secreting mouse pancreatic β-cell line MIN6, designated m9 and m14. m9 Cells exhibit glucose-induced insulin secretion in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas m14 cells respond poorly to glucose. In m14 cells, glucose consumption and lactate production are enhanced, and ATP production is largely through nonoxidative pathways. Moreover, lactate dehydrogenase activity is increased, and hexokinase replaces glucokinase as a glucose-phosphorylating enzyme. The ATP-sensitive K + channel activity and voltage-dependent calcium channel activity in m14 cells are reduced, and the resting membrane potential is significantly higher than in m9 cells. Thus, in contrast to m9, a model for β-cells with normal insulin response, m14 is a model for β-cells with impaired glucose-induced insulin secretion. By mRNA differential display of these sublines, we found 10 genes to be expressed at markedly different levels. These newly established MIN6 cell sublines should be useful tools in the analysis of the genetic and molecular basis of impaired glucose-induced insulin secretion.
Insect ectoparasites of the Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio in the Iberian Peninsula

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Of the 26 Red-backed Shrike (Lanius collurio) sampled with the aim of characterizing insect ectoparasites, five birds were parasitized by louse flies. Two species were identified, Ornithophila metallica and Ornithomya fringillina . The first species is reported for the first time in the Red-backed Shrike, and the second represents a new host association in the Iberian Peninsula.
HIGH SPEED TUNNEL DIODE TRANSISTOR MICROLOGIC CIRCUITS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : A set of logically flexible digital building blocks capable of implementing various logic functions with delays of less than one nanosecond was developed and fabricated in microcircuit form. The set consists of two basic types of circuit modules; with these, all conceivable digital system logic functions can be implemented. Tunnel junction diodes and silicon transistors provide gating functions, and a universal amplifier circuit module reshapes signal waveforms, restores amplitudes, and stores signals (flip-flop operations) . Subnanosecond switching time is achieved by the effective utilization of a tunnel diode transistor circuit and hybrid integration techniques for microcircuit fabrication. The circuit provides the following characteristics: (1) low power delay time product (efficient switching); (2) effective noise immunity; (3) well-defined temperature invariant transfer characteristics; (4) relaxed component tolerances as compared to other tunnel diode logic circuits; (5) high fan-in and fan-out ratios; and (6) capability of performing all logical functions with two basic circuit configurations. The circuits were developed primarily for a high-speed digital system operated at a 100- to 200Mcps clock rate with a low impedance transmission line signal distribution scheme. Analysis of the circuit, optimization of the circuit characteristics, fabrication techniques of the circuit modules, and experimental results in a high-speed digital system are discussed.
Examining innovation as process: Action research in journalism studies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this article, we discuss how ‘action research’ as an experiential research approach allows us to address challenges encountered in researching a converged and digital media landscape. We draw on our experiences as researchers, co-developers and marketeers in the European Union-funded Innovation Action project ‘INnovative Journalism: Enhanced Creativity Tools’ (INJECT) aimed at developing a technological tool for journalism. In this media innovation process, as in other media practices, longstanding delineations no longer hold, due to converging professional disciplines and blurring roles of users and producers. First, we discuss four features of innovation in the current ‘digital’ media landscape that come with specific methodological requirements: (a) the iterative nature of innovation; (b) converged practices, professions and roles; (c) the dispersed geographic nature of media production and innovation processes and (d) the impact of human and non-human actors. We suggest action research as a possible answer to these requirements of the digital media landscape. Drawing on our experiences in the INJECT project, we illustrate how adopting an action research approach provides insight into the non-linear, iterative and converged character of innovation processes by highlighting: (a) how innovation happens at various moments, in various places and by various people; (b) how perceptions and enactments of professions change over time and (c) how roles are (re)combined and expanded in such a way that clear delineation is not easy. Ultimately, we argue that experiencing convergence through action research enables us to do justice to the complexity of the current media landscape.
The Root of Title to Copyright in Works

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

For real or chattel property that possession is at the root of title is clear as a matter of legal history. For copyright in works, the answer in legal history to the question of what is at the root of title is not so clear and that lack of clarity has rendered basic aspects of modern law contestable. This essay seeks to address a question that is not typically put: what is at the root of title to copyright in works? The contestability that swirls around this question, which in part is also a ‘history war’, can be distilled in a generalised way. One side perceives modern statutory copyright as having its provenance in common law, which places human authorship at the root of title. The competing view is premised on a public-regulation philosophy of copyright and argues that foundational common law copyright is apocryphal. An inquiry into the root of title to copyright involves the relationship between any authorial right at common law and statutory copyright. The essay commences with a temporal exposition of common law copyright, moving onto the related copyright questions of what amounted to publication and what lay at the root of statutory title – both of which emerged most acutely in the mid-19th Century. It concludes with some discussion about the extent to which the Berne Convention effectively triggered doctrinal resolution of these questions.
Optimizing Pulsed Magnetic Field Parameters for Microbial Safety and Quality in Orange Juice

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Nonthermal technologies have garnered significant attention for fruit juice preservation due to the increasing consumer demand for fresh, high‐quality, and nutritious products. These methods, being eco‐friendly, effectively inactivate microorganisms and enzymes without compromising the sensory and nutritional qualities of juices. Among these, pulsed magnetic field (PMF) technology is a promising technique that involves exposing liquid foods to a magnetic field in the form of pulses, exhibiting a bactericidal effect without any rise in temperature. The study aimed to develop a PMF processing system capable of generating low‐frequency, high‐intensity oscillating magnetic fields and optimized its application on orange juice at varying concentrations (10%, 15%, and 20%), magnetic field intensities (2, 4, and 6 T), and treatment times (5, 10, and 15 min). Additionally, the process conditions were optimized to preserve the nutritional quality, sensory properties, and microbial safety of orange juice. Fresh orange juice had an initial bacterial load of 2.09 × 10 6 CFU/mL, which was reduced to 1.43 × 10 4 CFU/mL at 4 T for 15 min in 15% juice. Similarly, yeast and mold counts decreased from 1.85 × 10 5 to 1.68 × 10 4 CFU/mL in 20% juice. The nonthermal nature of PMF was confirmed by negligible temperature rise. Posttreatment, L ‐values ranged from 82.4 to 83.79, decreasing to 80.2–82.55 during storage, while b ‐values ranged from 16.48 to 16.96, slightly reducing to 16.34–16.86. Viscosity for 10% juice ranged from 0.0645 to 0.0687 Pas posttreatment, reducing to 0.06–0.0648 Pas after 10 days. Minimal pH variation was observed. The optimal PMF treatment (4 T, 15 min, 20% concentration) effectively reduced microbial load while preserving juice biochemical (pH, color) and rheological (viscosity) during storage at 4°C. PMF‐treated orange juice showed minimal changes in color, viscosity, and microbial stability during refrigerated storage. The absence of heat‐related degradation ensures retention of quality attributes. This study demonstrates that PMF is a viable, nonthermal alternative for processing high‐acid fruit juices, providing a balance between microbial safety and quality preservation.
Synthesis and Characterization of Hematite (α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) from Iron Sand Using Coprecipitation Method

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Hematite (α-Fe 2 O 3 ) has been synthesized from iron sand using the coprecipitation method. This study aims to determine the morphology and mineral content using SEM-EDX, crystal structure and phases formed using XRD, and magnetic properties using VSM on iron sand before and after synthesis. SEM-EDX results show that the average particle size of iron sand before and after synthesizing is 356.23nm and 12.40 µm, respectively. XRD results show that iron sand before synthesizing has multipahase including Hematite, magnetic, and ilmenite and after synthesizing produces Single Phase hematite. VSM results show that iron sand before synthesizing has saturation, remanence, and coercivity of 47.56 emu/g, 5.97emu/g, and 121.03 Oe respectively, and after synthesizing has saturation, remanence, and coercivity of 9.47 emu/g, 1.53 emu/g and 102.97 Oe respectively.
The Effect of High Amounts of Wheat Gluten Meal and Corn Gluten Meal Added to the Diets on Some Serum Parameters in Rats

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study was to determine the effects on some serum parameters of wheat and corn gluten diet, which is also a high protein source. A total of 24 male rats aged 20 days and divided into 3 groups, each containing 8 rats were used in the study. The majority of the protein content in the diet of soybean meal as a Control group; in the diet of wheat gluten as a Wheat group; in the diet of corn gluten as a Corn group were composed. At the end of the study, blood samples taken from all animals were analysed. In the study, serum glucose, TP, urea, creatinine and BUN levels were found to be significantly decreased in Corn group compared to Wheat group. Serum ALT levels were similar with the Control and Wheat groups, but it was found to be significantly decreased in the Corn group. Serum AST levels were significantly lower in the Corn group. Serum GGT levels were significantly lower in both Corn and Wheat groups compared to Control group. Serum Ca and P levels were similar with all groups, whereas Mg levels were significantly decreased in Wheat and Corn groups compared to the Control group. As a result, it can be said that corn gluten added to the diet has more positive effects than wheat gluten in terms of both liver enzyme activities (AST, ALT and GGT) and renal parameters (Urea and BUN).
Are Primetime Diets Congruent With Dietary Recommendations? Content Analyses of Food Advertisements in the United States, China, and Singapore

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite public programs to promote healthy eating among populations in developed and developing countries, the increase in obesity as a result of poor dietary patterns continues to persist. As food advertising has been implicated for contributing to this global health challenge, this study aims to provide empirical evidence on food advertising in a broader global context, across economically and culturally different nations. We conducted a large scale content analysis of the types of food advertised on primetime television in the United States, China, and Singapore, which resulted in the collection of 1,008 television hours. Using the dietary blue2376s proposed by the health authorities as the applied framework, the study compared the types of food advertised against the dietary parameters. Findings showed that despite differences in economic development and cultures, food advertised on primetime television across three countries are incongruent with dietary recommendations. The study offers insights on how misaligned and out of sync food advertising and commercial interests are from government health policies. Implications of findings to encourage healthy eating among populations worldwide are discussed.
Lv2, a Novel Postentry Restriction, Is Mediated by both Capsid and Envelope

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The characterization of restrictions to lentivirus replication in cells identifies critical steps in the viral life cycle and potential therapeutic targets. We previously reported that a human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) isolate was restricted to infection in some human cells, which led us to identify a step in the life cycle of HIV-2 detected after reverse transcription but prior to nuclear entry. The block is bypassed with a vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein G (VSV-G) envelope (A. McKnight et al., J. Virol. 75: 6914-6922, 2001). We hypothesized that, although the restriction is apparent at a post-reverse transcription step, the lack of progress results from a failure of the virus to reach a cellular compartment with access to the nucleus. Here we analyzed molecular clones of the restricted virus, MCR, and an unrestricted virus, MCN. Using sequence analysis and gene swapping, we mapped the viral determinants to gag and env . Site-directed mutagenesis identified a single amino acid at position 207 in CA to be responsible for the gag restriction. Pseudotype experiments indicate that this step is also important for the infection of cells by HIV-1. The HIV-1 NL4.3 core is restricted if supplied with a restricted MCR envelope but not with VSV-G. Also the NL4.3 envelope rescues the restricted core of HIV-2 MCR. Abrogation experiments with MLV demonstrate that the restriction is distinct from Fv1/Ref1/Lv1. We propose that this represents a new lentiviral restriction, Lv2. Thus, the envelope and capsid of HIV act to ensure that the virus is delivered into an appropriate cellular compartment that allows postentry events in viral replication to proceed efficiently.
Cross-sectional Associations of Medication and Supplement Use With Retinal Vascular Diameter in the Beaver Dam Eye Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Several medications are associated with central retinal arteriolar and venular equivalents. Prostaglandin analogues, calcium channel blockers, and oral corticosteroids have the largest relative effects. After Bonferroni correction was applied, the use of calcium channel blockers was most strongly associated with change in the central retinal arteriolar equivalent. The presence of factors that are associated with retinal vessel diameters should be considered when using retinal vessel diameter as an outcome or when using these measures to assess the risk of systemic or ocular disease.
Review of aquaculture and fish consumption in Bangladesh

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fish play a crucial role in the Bangladeshi diet, providing more than 60% of animal source food, representing a crucial source of micro-nutrients, and possessing an extremely strong cultural attachment. Fish (including shrimp and prawn) is the second most valuable agricultural crop, and its production contributes to the livelihoods and employment of millions. The culture and consumption of fish therefore has important implications for national food and nutrition security, poverty and growth. This review examines the current state of knowledge on the aquaculture sector and fish consumption in Bangladesh, based on extensive analysis of secondary sources (including unpublished data unavailable elsewhere), consultation with various experts and specially conducted surveys.
Advances in Bioinformatics: Decoding Genomes with AI and Machine Learning

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract: This chapter"Advances in Bioinformatics: Decoding Genomes with AI and Machine Learning" offers a cutting-edge exploration into the integration of next-generation sequencing (NGS), artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning (ML) within the field of bioinformatics. This book delves into how these technologies have revolutionized our approach to decoding complex genomic data, providing insights into the genetic basis of diseases, evolutionary biology, and personalized medicine. Starting with a foundational overview of bioinformatics and its evolution, it progresses to highlight significant technological breakthroughs and methodologies that have transformed genomic research. Notably, tools like NG-Circos and CRUX have advanced data visualization, while algorithms such as those in Needlestack have refined variant calling. The emergence of glycoproteogenomics and the application of predictive modeling through AI and ML showcase the vast potential of these technologies in understanding and manipulating genetic information. This chapter dedicated to predictive modeling and workflow management underscore the transformative power of AI and ML in genomic research and the critical importance of efficient workflow systems in handling complex genomic datasets. By exploring the application of deep learning models for predicting genomic structures and the role of Nextflow in streamlining bioinformatics workflows, the book offers a comprehensive view of the state-of-the-art techniques driving bioinformatics forward. Ethical considerations, data privacy, and the challenges of data management are thoroughly examined, ensuring a balanced perspective on the advancements and the complexities they introduce. Looking ahead, "Next-Gen Bioinformatics" anticipates the future of genomic research, highlighting the emerging trends and technologies poised to further disrupt and advance the field. It presents an optimistic outlook on how continued innovation in AI, ML, and workflow management will unlock new discoveries and applications in genomics, from enhancing our understanding of genetic diseases to tailoring personalized treatment strategies. This work serves as an indispensable resource for researchers, clinicians, and anyone interested in the rapidly evolving landscape of bioinformatics, providing the tools, insights, and foresight needed to navigate and contribute to the future of genomic research. Keywords: Bioinformatics, Genomic Research, Next-Generation Sequencing, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Data Visualization, Variant Calling, Predictive Modeling, Workflow Management, Genetic Diseases and Ethical Considerations.
Azurin and its protein subunit P28 as an alternative approach to anticancer therapeutics.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In 2018 the second leading basis for death is cancer with 9.6 million deaths. Some conventional therapies are chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy for cancer. Formation of resistance against multidrug lack of toxicity against tumor cells are limitations and adverse side effects of these therapies. A redox protein is Azurin having 128 amino acids with a size of 14 kDa and secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a periplasmic protein. A peptide from Azurin has been found having target specificity, delivery and cytotoxity like Azurin but having lesser side effects as compared to Azurin. This amphipathic peptide is formed by residues from 50-77 AA of Azurin having 209 KDa size showing very surprising results named as P28. The anticancer activity of P28 is related with its amino acids residues from 11-18 which binds to P53. The clinical trials against adult and pediatric patients have been carried out, results showed that P28 is safe with no side effect and can be used as an alternative anti-cancer therapeutic protein. In this review paper an updated detail of Azurin and P28 about mechanism of action and therapeutic strategies is described.