jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Determinants of self assessed health among Spanish older people living at home.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To identify the main determinants of self assessed health among community dwelling elderly. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: A representative sample of 677 people aged 65 and over of the city of Madrid, Spain. DESIGN: Cross sectional study. Information was collected through personal interviews at the homes of the selected subjects. The five category dependent variable was grouped into two categories: good and poor self assessed health. Age, sex, social class, use of physician services, number of chronic conditions, and functional capacity, were included as main explanatory factors. Adjusted odds ratios were estimated through multiple logistic regression models. MAIN RESULTS: A total of 49.5% of subjects rated their health as good or very good. Those aged 85 and over rated their health higher than those aged 65-74 (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 0.37; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.18, 0.77). The adjusted OR for an increase of three chronic conditions was 3.48 (95% CI: 2.49, 4.85). Functional capacity also showed a strong independent effect (OR: 3.64; 95% CI: 1.89, 7.02). Social class was one of the main determinants for the youngest group, with those in the upper class reporting a better health perception (OR: 3.28 95% CI: 1.70, 6.35), but showed no effect in the oldest old (OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.57, 1.96). CONCLUSIONS: Age, chronic conditions, and functional status were the main determinants of perceived health among Spanish elderly. The effect of social class on perceived health markedly decreases with age. This study may contribute to a better utilisation and interpretation of self ratings in research and in general practice.
DNA microarray application in ecotoxicology: Experimental design, microarray scanning, and factors affecting transcriptional profiles in a small fish species

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The research presented here is part of a larger study of the molecular mode of action of endocrine-disrupting chemicals targeting the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis in zebrafish (Danio rerio). It addresses several issues critical to microarray application in aquatic ecotoxicology: experimental design, microarray scanning, gene expression intensity distribution, and the effect of experimental parameters on the zebrafish transcriptome. Expression profiles from various tissues of individual zebrafish exposed to 17α-ethinylestradiol (30 ng/L), fadrozole (25 μg/L), or 17β-trenbolone (3.0 μg/L) for 48 or 96 h were examined with the Agilent Oligo Microarray (G2518A). As a flexible and efficient alternative to the designs commonly used in microarray studies, an unbalanced incomplete block design was found to be well suited for this work, as evidenced by high data reproducibility, low microarray-to-microarray variability, and little gene-specific dye bias. Random scanner noise had little effect on data reproducibility. A low-level, slightly variable Cyanine 3 (Cy3) contaminant was revealed by hyperspectral imaging, suggesting fluorescence contamination as a potential contributor to the large variance associated with weakly expressed genes. Expression intensities of zebrafish genes were skewed toward the lower end of their distribution range, and more weakly expressed genes tended to have larger variances. Tissue type, followed in descending order by gender, chemical treatment, and exposure duration, had the greatest effect on the overall gene expression profiles, a finding potentially critical to experimental design optimization. Overall, congruence was excellent between quantitative polymerase chain reaction results and microarray profiles of 13 genes examined across a subset of 20 pairs of ovarian samples. These findings will help to improve applications of microarrays in future ecotoxicological studies.
E‐participation for combating corruption, increasing voice and accountability, and developing government effectiveness: A cross‐country data analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The national‐level data extracted from the World Bank, Transparency International, and the United Nations databases were analysed in this study to examine the contribution of e‐participation in improving governance factors through its influence on corruption, voice and accountability, and government effectiveness. The analysis has provided a mixed outcome in improving governance through e‐participation, showing a significant relationship between e‐participation and corruption‐perception, and government effectiveness. Meanwhile, the relationships between e‐participation and voice and accountability are insignificant. This finding indicates that the present form of e‐participation in ensuring citizens’ voices for holding service providers accountable may have some limitations. The findings have implications for international organisations and government institutions to redesign their e‐participation methods and tools to warrant citizens’ voice and ensure accountability of service providers at the national level.
RECOGNITION AND MANAGEMENT OF AGITATION IN ACUTE MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Agitation among patients is a frequently cited behavioural problem across a variety of health settings. Objectives: The main objective of the study is to analyse the recognition and management of agitation in acute mental health services. Material and methods: This analytical study was conducted in The Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore during November 2029 to July 2020. Consenting participants were non-randomly assigned to one of four semi-structured focus group interviews. Results: Nurses described various signs and symptoms related to agitation. In every focus group pacing, restlessness and raised voices were identified. Banging on the nurses’ station or slamming doors was mentioned in two groups, while another group said agitated patients could be uncooperative and engage in anti-social behaviour. Conclusion: It is concluded that nurses adopted an individualised approach to management by engaging patients in decisions about their care.
Evolving Orthogonal Suppressor tRNAs To Incorporate Modified Amino Acids

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

There have been considerable advancements in the incorporation of noncanonical amino acids (ncAA) into proteins over the last two decades. The most widely used method for site-specific incorporation of noncanonical amino acids, amber stop codon suppression, typically employs an orthogonal translation system (OTS) consisting of a heterologous aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase:tRNA pair that can potentially expand an organism’s genetic code. However, the orthogonal machinery sometimes imposes fitness costs on an organism, in part due to mischarging and a lack of specificity. Using compartmentalized partnered replication (CPR) and a newly developed pheS negative selection, we evolved several new orthogonal Methanocaldococcus jannaschii (Mj) tRNA variants tRNAs with increased amber suppression activity, but that also showed up to 3-fold reduction in promiscuous aminoacylation by endogenous aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs). The increased orthogonality of these variants greatly reduced organismal fitness costs associated in part due to tRNA mischarging. Using these methods, we were also able to evolve tRNAs that supported the specific incorporation of 3-halo-tyrosines (3-Cl-Y, 3-Br-Y, and 3-I-Y) in E. coli.
High-Power, Widely-Tunable Cr2+:ZnSe Master Oscillator Power Amplifier Systems

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : We demonstrate high-power Cr2+:ZnSe master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) pure CW laser systems with output powers greater than 10W and amplifier gain greater than 2X. In addition, we develop a theoretical model for this type of amplification and show the ability of the system to achieve single-knob tunability at high powers over 400 nm.
Effect of polymer coating on faecal recovery of ingested 5-amino salicylic acid in patients with ulcerative colitis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It has been suggested that polymer coating might retard jejunal absorption of 5-amino salicylic acid (5-ASA) and thus promote delivery to its colonic site of action. Twenty three patients with active (nine), or quiescent (14) ulcerative colitis were given either uncoated or coated 5-ASA (Asacol) 400 mg qds for one to three weeks, after which they ingested five 1.5 ml dialysis membrane sachets which were recovered from the stool in the next 72 hours. After one week of treatment the concentration of 5-ASA in the faecal dialysate, urine, and fasting plasma in those receiving the coated and uncoated preparations were respectively: 25.4 +/- 5.1 compared with 1.2 +/- 0.4 mmol/l (p less than 0.001); 0.34 +/- 0.21 compared with 0.70 +/- 0.29 mmol/24h (NS) and 11.1 +/- 4.2 compared with 0.07 +/- 0.03 mumol/l (p less than 0.02). Faecal excretion of the drug appeared to be greater in patients with active colitis than in those with quiescent disease. Thus coating with pH dependent methacrylic acid copolymer B is a very effective method of promoting delivery of 5-ASA to the colon, stool dialysate concentrations being 20 fold more than those in controls. Increased trough plasma concentrations in the polymer coating group probably reflect delayed intestinal absorption but no evidence of plasma accumulation after 21 days of therapy was found.
Pigmentation of inks for emerging inkjet applications on glass, ceramics and metals

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Ink jet printing is continuing to move into commercially attractive but technically demanding markets, such as the marking and decoration of glass, ceramics and metals. These markets can require inks with exceptional weather fastness, very high temperature resistance or chemical resistance. The organic pigments and binders commonly used in existing ink jet inks are not sufficiently resistant for such applications. There is therefore a need for jet inks based on stable dispersions of dense inorganic pigments and powdered glass frits. Such inks require a new understanding of jet ink formulation. This paper reviews some of the requirements and looks at how the problems are being resolved to make these emerging applications feasible.
Kant, equal opportunities and merit

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The aim of this paper is very ambitious as it proposes to argue for a change of perspective in our reading of some aspects of Kant's political philosophy and potentially of his practical (moral and political) thought more generally. In particular, the paper will argue that, beyond the well-known and influential Socialist, Republican, Liberal, Consequentialist and Libertarian readings of Kant, it would be promising to consider an original Desert-sensitive reading. I will focus on a relatively recent and influential version of the Republican reading, and I will evaluate both its interpretative and philosophical cogency; indirectly, I will argue for a better, Desert-sensitive Reading of Kant's account of equal opportunities.
Poverty, employment and income distribution in the first half of the 1990s

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The year's edition discusses the impact of recent economic trends on poverty, employment and income distribution; presents quantitative evidence on the high returns brought by investment in more and better education, not only for children, but their households. It also examines women's important contribution to the family income as a result of their growing participation in economic activities and discusses the emergence of new social policy proposals, analyzing the main reforms being implemented in the health, education and social security sectors.
Semantic Structure of the German Spatial Particle über

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper analyzes the semantic structure of the German spatial particle über based on the principles of Cognitive Linguistics. By applying the Polysemy Network Model (Tyler and Evans 2003), thirteen distinct senses of über are identified and conceptual connections between them are elucidated. Furthermore, the semantic structure of English over (the closest counterpart of über ) established by Tyler and Evans is expanded, and additional criteria for determining the primary and other distinct senses are proposed. Finally, the network of senses for über is applied to its functions as a separable or inseparable prefix in an attempt to provide insights into the issues of prefix (in)separability in German and to account for the meaning of über in a unified manner.
Development of a quad-copter platform for map building in unknown environment

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This project consist of the hardware and software components of an autonomous quad-copter. For the hardware component of the project, it focused on both the designing of the quad-copter frame and manufacturing of the supporting parts on the quad-copter. The design of the main frame was based on an existing Droidworx quad-copter and it was created on the 3D Computer Aided Design (CAD) Solidworks software. The various components that contributes to the quad-copter were created individually and combined together to form an assembly of the final quad-copter frame. In addition, supporting parts for the sensors and circuit boards to be attached on board the quad-copter were designed with the use of Solidworks. These parts were manufactured through the 3D Printing process and test fitted on the quad-copter. The software component of the project emphasizes on the implementation of a simulation program that simulates the quad-copter navigating autonomously through an indoor environment. The simulation program was implemented with the Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) technique in the Robot Operating System (ROS) to provide the quad-copter with autonomous navigation capability. SLAM technique allows for localization and mapping of the quad-copter in an unknown indoor environment. With this technique, the quad-copter will be able to successfully navigate autonomously through the environment. A laser range finder was incorporated to localize the quad-copter and concurrently to create a virtual map of the surrounding. Through ROS, the SLAM technique was implemented through the use of the Gmapping algorithm. The Gmapping algorithm subscribes to the topic published by the laser range finder and reads the laser data for the construction of a virtual map in ROS. The map was visualized on the rviz 3D visualization tool in ROS. With rviz, path planning was executed to provide guidance and obstacle avoidance operation which allows the quad-copter to navigate safely through the unknown environment. This report will highlight the work and research done by the student throughout the final year project. The student had spent a significant amount of time learning the Solidworks software and ROS before the implementation of the project. In the subsequent sections, the report will provide a detailed coverage of the research and results of the implementation done by the student.
Discussion: Inference in Forensic Identification

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The problem of quantifying the weight of evidence in forensic identification is addressed. The essence of the problem is abstracted in a simple paradigm, the analysis of which yields valuable insights and highlights important distinctions. A special case of this analysis gives a resolution of the so-called island problem. The paradigm is extended to assess the effects of several features which may be important in practical situation, such as possible alibis, heterogeneous populations of potential suspects and informative protocols for finding suspects. The analyses of the paper clarify several issues pertaining to the weight of evidence associated with matching deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) profiles and raise some new concerns. In addition, established concerns regarding the incorrect interpretation of probabilistic evidence by juries are discussed in the DNA profile context.
Time-dependent analysis of aftershock events and structural impacts on intraplate crustal seismicity of the Van earthquake (Mw 7.1, 23 October 2011), E-Anatolia

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The Van earthquake (M W 7.1, 23 October 2011) in E-Anatolia is typical representative of intraplate earthquakes. Its thrust focal character and aftershock seismicity pattern indicate the most prominent type of compound earthquakes due to its multifractal dynamic complexity and uneven compressional nature, ever seen all over Turkey. Seismicity pattern of aftershocks appears to be invariably complex in its overall characteristics of aligned clustering events. The population and distribution of the aftershock events clearly exhibit spatial variability, clustering-declustering and intermittency, consistent with multifractal scaling. The sequential growth of events during time scale shows multifractal behavior of seismicity in the focal zone. The results indicate that the extensive heterogeneity and time-dependent strength are considered to generate distinct aftershock events. These factors have structural impacts on intraplate seismicity, suggesting multifractal and unstable nature of the Van event. Multifractal seismicity is controlled by complex evolution of crustal-scale faulting, mechanical heterogeneity and seismic deformation anisotropy. Overall seismicity pattern of aftershocks provides the mechanism for strain softening process to explain the principal thrusting event in the Van earthquake. Strain localization with fault weakening controls the seismic characterization of Van earthquake and contributes to explain the anomalous occurrence of aftershocks and intraplate nature of the Van earthquake.
Implementation & Testing of Peer to Peer Web Caching Technique for Mobile Ad-Hoc Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In Mobile AdHoc Networks, web caching is the challenging job due to its moving nature of nodes. So we analyze one technique for web caching in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. MANET stands for Mobile Ad Hoc Network which is an evolving concept. In the development various researches the different aspects of MANET are focused such as routing and caching of data. Among them, the lack of efforts done on web caching in MANET considered as one challenging job. In MANET the nodes are always moving in such cases the web caching is one of the difficult task. The implementing peer to peer web caching concept is purely focused on web applications in MANET. The proposed technique gives the better approach to the caching of web data in mobile ad-hoc networks. A proposed technique is build over the traditional technique Better Approach to Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks i.e. B.A.T.M.A.N. Besides, the result is compared with the Better Approach To Mobile Ad-hoc Network protocol and proves that the performance of caching web application in MANET is efficiently faster and takes less time as compared to fetching the given data from the original source. It also reduces the internet bandwidth, preserves the energy consumption and extends the lifetime of a network significantly.
Impacto familiar por la variabilidad laboral. Dos derechos constitucionales: trabajo y familia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article tries to establish the influence of job instability in family roles and coping strategies of ten households in the Colombian context in Cucuta and Bogota. Thus, to reflect on legislative positions and some sentences of the Colombian Constitutional Court about family and job protection, taking them as fundamental for the development in any area. The research methodology is qualitative, in which an in-depth interview 20 participants, 10 men and 10 women applied. The results allowed to classify the types of couples according to the transformations they have suffered due to the working conditions, based on the typology established Mabel Burin (2007) in couples: traditional, transitional, innovative and countercultural, plus couples found circumstantial separation as an emerging variable in this research.
If Women Play Decision Making Roles

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

本稿はまず、日本学術会議公開シンポジウム「女性の政治参画をどう進めるか?」の各報告で印象づけられた点をあげる。ついで、女性議員の比率が高いと政策・制度などがどのように異なるのか、諸国と日本に関する既往の分析を管見する。最後に、公選職ではないが地域防災会議の女性委員に着目する。その比率がゼロである自治体と10%を越える自治体で、避難所運営指針等の記述項目がいかに異なるか、2018年2月に実施した調査結果の一端を示す。防災会議の女性委員比率が1割を越えると、避難所で多様な人びとのニーズが応答される可能性が高い。
Chemical‐Strain‐Engineered Adaptive Interfaces in Nanocomposite Films for Robust Ferroelectricity

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Strain is an effective means of tuning the crystal structure to obtain a variety of fascinating properties, but how to apply flexible strain to meet the different needs of the film at each location has rarely been reported. In this study, a novel approach for designing strain‐damping structures that facilitate the imposition of flexible strain is introduced. A wide range of strain modulation is demonstrated in SmCoO 3 films ( a ‐axis:+4.5%–+1.7%, b ‐axis: +3.2%–+0.4%, c ‐axis:+2.2%–+1.4%) under positive pressure by introducing Sm 2 O 3 as a dopant. When SmCoO 3 films are subjected to triaxial tensile strain, they exhibit a ferroelectric polarization of 7.12 µC cm −2 . Through positive pressure modulation, resulting in a further increase in the ferroelectric polarization (up to 11.62 µC cm −2 , which represents the maximum performance of the orthogonal rare earth transition metal oxide family). Moreover, the electron spin order can be effectively controlled, and the film's saturation magnetization increases to 14.83 emu cm −3 (+94.1%). This damping structure allows for flexible modulation of chemical strain in epitaxial film, achieving a delicate balance between film strain and structure, which provides valuable insights for all ferroelectrics based on structural distortion.
Subcellular Localization of the S Locus F-box Protein AhSLF-S2 in Pollen and Pollen Tubes of Self-Incompatible Antirrhinum

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

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