jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
“Peter I's Testament“: A Reassessment

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

For over a century scholars have been intrigued by one of history's most famous apocryphal works, the “Political Testament of Peter the Great.“The central theme—a warning of the danger Russia represents to all her neighbors —has always been a relevant topic for discussion. However, a satisfactory explanation of the document's genesis is yet to be given. One thing is clear: the “testament” is a forgery, an attempt to “frame” Peter I. But who is the culprit? The question has aroused the instincts of the detective in many historians and set them on the miscreant's trail. Suspects were not lacking. Initially, circumstantial evidence pointed to Napoleon as the author or inspirer of the fabrication, since it was in 1812 in France that the first published version of this document appeared. Soon, however, suspicion fell on C. L. Lesur, one of the emperor's propagandists and the author of the work which contained the published text.
Topological Effect on Spin Transport in a Magnetic Quantum Wire: Green's Function Approach

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We explore spin dependent transport through a magnetic quantum wire which is\nattached to two non-magnetic metallic electrodes. We adopt a simple\ntight-binding Hamiltonian to describe the model where the quantum wire is\nattached to two semi-infinite one-dimensional non-magnetic electrodes. Based on\nsingle particle Green's function formalism all the calculations are performed\nnumerically which describe two-terminal conductance and current-voltage\ncharacteristics through the wire. Quite interestingly we see that, beyond a\ncritical system size probability of spin flipping enhances significantly that\ncan be used to design a spin flip device. Our numerical study may be helpful in\nfabricating mesoscopic or nano-scale spin devices.\n
Medical Treatment of Pain in Chronic Pancreatitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The most common symptom in chronic pancreatitis (CP) is abdominal pain, which is present in about 70% of the patients. Treatment should always be multimodal and multidisciplinary, but medical treatment is the cornerstone in pain management of CP and other treatment modalities can seldom stand alone without the support of analgesics. This chapter describes the medical treatment with focus on practical guidance for management. Pharmacological treatment remains an essential component of pain management and a key component is finding the balance between effective treatment and acceptable side effects. Management should always be based on multimodal strategies where different specialties work together in concert, and although endoscopic and surgical treatments may be effective in selected patients, pharmacological treatment is still the mainstay of pain management in CP.
Control of respiratory pattern in conscious dog: effects of heat and CO2

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We measured tidal volume (VT) and inspiratory (TI) and expiratory (TE) durations in five conscious tracheostomized dogs breathing air or 5% CO2 in air either at normal (20 degrees C) or elevated (30 degrees C) ambient temperatures. Respiratory frequency ranged between 16 and 333/min due to changes in both TI and TE. During panting TI exceeded TE. During air inhalation instantaneous ventilation (V) spontaneously ranged from 100 to 1,600 ml . kg-1 . min-1. Hypercapnia, heat stress, or both, increased this range of V by increasing maximum V, primarily due to increases in mean inspiratory flow. Under these conditions, changes in TI accounted for more of the spontaneous changes in breath duration. During inhalation of air and 5% CO2, a positive correlation between VT and TI was obtained for TI between 0.13 and 1.05 s; above 1.05 s VT decreased. Heat stress increased VT at a given TI. We suggest that either the decay rate or position of the inspiratory off-switch threshold curve (Clark and von Euler, J. Physiol. London 222: 267, 1972) varies in conscious dogs. Shifts in either the reset (onset) value or decay rate of the curve yield a positive correlation between VT and TI. This modification to the Clark-von Euler model implies that the primary effect of anesthesia on respiratory control is fixation of the inspiratory off-switch threshold curve.
Hydrocarbon Formation from Syngas with In-Operando Monitoring of Cobalt- and Manganese-Based (pre)Catalysts Using X-ray Diffraction

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Two-layered metal oxides (LiCoO2 and cobalt-doped K n MnO2, n < 1) were explored as precatalysts for nanoconfined cobalt-based Fischer-Tropsch catalysts for conversion of syngas (CO and H2) to hydrocarbons. Ex situ, in situ, and PDF XRD analyses are presented. Based on in situ XRD analysis, LiCoO2 underwent reduction to predominantly cubic and hexagonal phases of cobalt metal. Reaction with syngas resulted in the generation of carbon, cobalt carbide, and lithium carbonate, in addition to the metallic cobalt phases. In the case of cobalt-doped birnessite, catalyst activation converted the birnessite phase to manganite and the cobalt to elemental cobalt, along with similar lithium and carbon phases. Conversion of syngas to C1 through C7 products was observed. The best conversions were observed for the LiCoO2 precursor catalyst, with generally a low olefin-to-paraffin ratio. While the conversions for the cobalt-doped birnessite precatalyst were generally lower, with lower chain lengths (up to C5), these catalysts gave a strikingly high olefin-to-paraffin ratio: in the best case, greater than 20:1.
Influence of the yttrium content on the fracture strength of monolithic zirconia crowns after artificial aging.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Increasing the content of yttrium oxide in attempt to improve the optical properties can reduce the mechanical properties after aging of the ceramic as shown in this study. However, even the more translucent 5Y-TZP showed very high fracture resistance, which exceeded 3,000 N. Based on the results of this study, care should be taken when using zirconia with high content of yttrium oxide in areas or situations with high stresses.
The Comparative Turn in Canadian Political Science

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Preface and Acknowledgments Part 1 Establishing Benchmarks 1. Introduction: The Comparative Turn in Canadian Political Science / Robert Vipond 2. A Quantitative Analysis of the Comparative Turn in Canadian Political Science / Eric Montpetit Part 2 Multiculturalism, Diversity, and Rights: Canada's Comparative Advantage 3. Is Canadian Multiculturalism Parochial? Canadian Contributions to Theorizing Justice and Ethnocultural Diversity / Andrew M. Robinson 4. Canada as Counternarrative: Multiculturalism, Recognition, and Redistribution / Keith G. Banting 5. Canada's Contribution to the Comparative Study of Rights and Judicial Review / Ran Hirschl 6. Marketing Canadian Pluralism in the International Arena / Will Kymlicka Part 3 Federalism and Multilevel Governance: Canada's Comparative Resurgence 7. Is the Secret to Have a Good Dentist? Canadian Contributions to the Study of Federalism in Divided Societies / Martin Papillon 8. Working around the American Model: Canadian Federalism and the European Union / Thomas O. Hueglin 9. Empirical Evidence and Pragmatic Explanations: Canada's Contributions to Comparative Federalism / Jennifer Wallner Part 4 Political Parties and Public Policy: Canada's Comparative Potential 10. What's So Bad about Cultivating Our Own Theoretical Gardens? The Study of Political Parties in Canada / A. Brian Tanguay 11. Canadian Voting Behaviour in Comparative Perspective / James Farney and Renan Levine 12. Policy Networks and Policy Communities: Conceptualizing State-Societal Relationships in the Policy Process / Grace Skogstad 13. How Can Comparative Political Economy Explain Variable Change? Lessons for, and from, Canada / Rodney Haddow Conclusion: Are We on the Right Track? / Alan C. Cairns Notes References Contributors Index
[A sporadic case of vitamin D-resistant rickets in an adult].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A case of probably sporadic vitamin D-resistant rickets is reported. The patient had suffered from rickets of average intensity in childhood, and the signs had persisted into his adult life. Serious symptoms due to phosphate depletion and marked osteomalacia, however, did not appear until he was 56. A brief description of the differential diagnosis and a summary of the literature on this uncommon form are followed by an account of the gradual biochemical and clinical improvement observed after treatment with phosphates and vitamin D.
Kualitas Angkutan, Waktu Distribusi dan Keselamatan Kerja Peserta Bela Negara Non-Militer

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of transportation quality, time distribution, and work safety on the satisfaction of non-military state defense participants in “Jayakarta” Military Command (Komando Daerah Militer Jayakarta / KODAM Jaya) in 2019. The main problems found were the quality of transportation, in this case TNI-AD trucks, which are expected to receive proper attention and care; late distribution in the process; work safety related to the vehicles’ condition; and lack of supervision of non-military state defense participants. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method and variance-based Smart PLS was used to test the hypothesis. Respondents were non-military state defense participants in ”Jayakarta” Main Regiment Unit with a total sample of 100 people. Based on the results of the study, work safety is able to mediate the quality of transportation and time distribution to the non-military state defense participants’ satisfaction. The key findings are the lack of transportation facilities and infrastructure, time distribution that does not run based on the schedule and limited number of medical personnel on work safety equipment during non-military state defense training.
Academic achievement for LD children after three years of special class placement : effects of race, age, IQ, and placement type

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Previous research has reported that the effectiveness of special education in remediating learning difficulties varies as a function of the type of classroom placement, the student's age, and their intellectual ability. More recent findings have also suggested that a learning disability is not a single diagnostic entity, but rather distinct subtypes of learning disabled students exist. The study sought to determine if cluster analysis of the present sample yielded subtypes which conformed to previously identified LD subtypes; and whether these different subtypes of learning disabled (LD) students respond differentially in terms of the students academic achievement.The sample was comprised of 136 LD subjects between the ages of 9 and 15 years old for whom Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT) data was available for both initial assessment, and re-assessment three years later.Initial comparisons of the sample were conducted by examining differences in academic achievement for the three subtests of the PIAT for two different types of educational placement: full time versus part time; by racial groups; and between pre and post test results. Three main effects were found in the initial MANOVA on the PIAT subtests of math and reading recognition, however, none of the statistically significant results were determined to be of practical significance. These statistical results were consistent with previous research findings.The sample was subtyped using cluster analysis. A three cluster solution was determined using three variables: intelligence, achievement, and age of the subject. The three subtypes were described and determined to be consistent with subtypes previously identified. Cluster 1 was dropped from further analysis as not conforming to an LD profile and because of sample size.A 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 MANOVA was performed: cluster membership by placement by race by pre-post test results. Cluster 2 students significantly declined in their reading recognition achievement over the three years they were in special education, while Cluster 3 students gained significantly in reading recognition achievement over the same time period.The present results suggest that school psychologist should carefully consider not only whether a student is learning disabled, but the nature and severity of the disability when recommending placement.
Ultrafast UPLC‐ESI‐MS and HPLC with monolithic column for determination of principal flavor compounds in vanilla pods

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this study, two novel chromatographic methods based on monolithic column high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) were developed for the ultrafast determination of principal flavor compounds namely vanillin, vanillic acid, p ‐hydroxybenzoic acid, and p ‐hydroxybenzaldehyde in ethanolic extracts of Vanilla planifolia pods. Good separation was achieved within 2.5 min using Chromolith RP18e column (100 mm×4.6 mm) for HPLC and Acquity BEH C‐18 (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column for UPLC. Both methods were compared in terms of total analysis time, mobile phase consumption, sensitivity, and validation parameters like precision, accuracy, LOD, and LOQ. Further, system suitability test data including resolution, capacity factor, theoretical plates, and tailing factor was determined for both the methods by ten replicate injections. Monolithic column based HPLC gave better results for most of the selected parameters while UPLC was found to be more eco‐friendly with low mobile phase consumption and better sensitivity. Both methods may be used conveniently for the high throughput analysis of large number of samples in comparison to traditional particulate column.
Domain Coexistence in Two-Dimensional Optical Patterns

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We give evidence of coexisting transverse patterns of different symmetry in an optical beam circulating in a loop which contains a nonlinear medium. The symmetry of the patterns is controlled by the azimuthal rotation introduced in the feedback loop (nonlocality), while the competition is ruled by the input intensity which determines the distance from threshold (nonlinearity). Domains corresponding to patterns with different wave vectors (either different wavelength or different orientation) coexist, nucleating and moving. This gives rise to a complex spatiotemporal dynamics which is characterized by means of suitable collective indicators.
The ability of mathematical creative thinking viewed from student learning interest of class VIII in learning CPS contextual approach

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Creative Problem Solving learning model with a contextual approach to students' mathematical and creative thinking ability. The population in this study were all students of class VIII SMP Mataram Semarang academic year 2017/2018 spreading in four classes. Sampling was done with selected random sampling technique and resulted class VIII-A as control group and VIII-C as experimental group. Data collection methods used were the test of creative thinking ability, the scale of interest in learning, observation and interview. Proportion test results obtained z_calculation = 2.77 then h_i was accepted, so it can be concluded the percentage of classical completeness. The t test results showed that the difference of two average obtained t_hitung = 8.63 and z_table = 1.68. Since t_calculation > t_table, it can be concluded that the mean of mathematical creative thinking abilities test of experimental class students who got CPS learning with contextual approach was more than the average of the data of mathematical creative thinking abilities tested in control group which achieved Discovery Learning. The proportion difference test resulted z_hitung = 5.67 and z_tabel = 1.64. Since z_count> z_tabel, the proportion of thorough students in the class using the CPS model with contextual cognition was greater than the proportion of students who completed the study in the classroom using the Discovery Learning model. From the result of difference test of average and proportion, it can be concluded that result of the test of the ability of mathematical creative thinking on students in experimental group which applied Creative Problem Solving learning with contextual approach was better than the control group which applied Discovery Learning. Based on the analysis, it can be known the implementation result of Creative Problem Solving learning model with an effective contextual approach in the delivery of material probability class VIII SMP Mataram Seamrang academic year 2017/2018. Students with a high learning interest had a high level of creative thinking ability. Students with fair interest in learning gained enough criterion. Meanwhile, students who had a low interest in learning had low level of creative thinking ability.
Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Computer Users of Lahore City Through Standardized Nordic Questionnaire

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a significant occupational health concern among computer users, yet local prevalence data from developing urban settings like Lahore remain scarce, limiting evidence-based preventive strategies. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and anatomical distribution of MSDs among computer users in Lahore, focusing on frequency, functional limitation, and healthcare utilization using validated assessment tools. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among office workers aged 20–40 years (n = 353) who used computers for at least six hours daily over the preceding year, excluding those with trauma or pre-existing musculoskeletal disease. Participants were recruited from software houses and computer shops using direct and email invitations, and completed the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire to assess MSD symptoms. Ethical approval was obtained in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Data were analyzed using SPSS v16.0, employing descriptive statistics and the Pearson Chi-Square test to evaluate associations. Results: The overall prevalence of MSDs was highest in the shoulder (46.78%) and neck (44.74%), followed by lower back (25.42%), upper back (23.29%), and other regions. A substantial proportion reported activity limitations and healthcare consultations, underscoring the clinical impact. Conclusion: MSDs are prevalent among computer users in Lahore, particularly in the shoulders and neck, highlighting the need for workplace ergonomic interventions and preventive health policies to reduce occupational morbidity.
Gene Therapy Through Intracellular Immunization to Suppress Human lmmunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This study was to explore the applicable value of intracellular immunization against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV 1) infection in human T lymphocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Using gene therapy or intracellular immunization techniques, a single chain variable fragment(sFv), derived from a monoclonal antibody to the HIV 1 regulatory protein Rev, has been constructed into the murine retroviral shuttle vectors. Human T lymphocytic cell lines CEM, SupT1 and normal PBMC were transduced with these anti Rev sFv expressing vector particles from packaging cell line supernatants. The cells transduced by anti Rev sFv were challenged with HIV 1 strains, HxB 2 and PNL 4 3 , at various MOI input values of 0.24、0.06 and 0.024 respectively. The culture supernatants were collected after infection and the levels of HIV 1 p24 antigen were determined by an HIV 1 antigen captured enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that HIV 1 infection was dramatically inhibited in anti Rev sFv transduced CEM, SupT1 and PBMC, and inhibition of HIV 1 induced syncytia formation in these cells was also observed. CAT assay revealed that target gene in retroviral vectors pLSXN and pSLXCMV both could effectively express in human T cell lines and PBMC. These data suggest that intracellular expression of anti Rev sFv may be utilized as gene therapy or intracellular immunization for HIV 1 infections in vivo.
mTORC2 Is Involved in the Induction of RSK Phosphorylation by Serum or Nutrient Starvation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cells adjust to nutrient fluctuations to restore metabolic homeostasis. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 2 responds to nutrient levels and growth signals to phosphorylate protein kinases belonging to the AGC (Protein Kinases A,G,C) family such as Akt and PKC. Phosphorylation of these AGC kinases at their conserved hydrophobic motif (HM) site by mTORC2 enhances their activation and mediates the functions of mTORC2 in cell growth and metabolism. Another AGC kinase family member that is known to undergo increased phosphorylation at the homologous HM site (Ser380) is the p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK). Phosphorylation at Ser380 is facilitated by the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) in response to growth factor stimulation. Here, we demonstrate that optimal phosphorylation of RSK at this site requires an intact mTORC2. We also found that RSK is robustly phosphorylated at Ser380 upon nutrient withdrawal or inhibition of glycolysis, conditions that increase mTORC2 activation. However, pharmacological inhibition of mTOR did not abolish RSK phosphorylation at Ser380, indicating that mTOR catalytic activity is not required for this phosphorylation. Since RSK and SIN1β colocalize at the membrane during serum restimulation and acute glutamine withdrawal, mTORC2 could act as a scaffold to enhance RSK HM site phosphorylation. Among the known RSK substrates, the CCTβ subunit of the chaperonin containing TCP-1 (CCT) complex had defective phosphorylation in the absence of mTORC2. Our findings indicate that the mTORC2-mediated phosphorylation of the RSK HM site could confer RSK substrate specificity and reveal that RSK responds to nutrient fluctuations.
Amino Acid Composition of Rice Prolamin Polypeptides

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Amino Acid Composition of Rice Prolamin Polypeptides Get access Takashi Hibino, Takashi Hibino Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Kyoto 606, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kunitomo Kidzu, Kunitomo Kidzu Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Kyoto 606, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Takehiro Masumura, Takehiro Masumura Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Kyoto 606, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kozo Ohtsuki, Kozo Ohtsuki Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Kyoto 606, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kunisuke Tanaka, Kunisuke Tanaka Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Kyoto 606, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Makoto Kawabata, Makoto Kawabata Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Kyoto 606, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shoji Fujii Shoji Fujii Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Kyoto 606, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 53, Issue 2, 1 February 1989, Pages 513–518, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1989.10869307 Published: 01 February 1989 Article history Received: 16 September 1988 Published: 01 February 1989