jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
’Protecting’ Women: Legislation and Regulation of Women’s Sexuality in Colonial Malaya

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article traces the origins, development and impact of the women and girls’ protection legislation in Malaysia. It shows how the stigma attached to those working in the sex industry today not only has historical origins, but also stems from legislation that was supposedly formulated to protect them. By critiquing the measures offered under the colonial era Women and Girls’ Protection Ordinance, I argue that these were flawed because there were other unstated motivations for enacting this law. For various reasons, right from the beginning, the desires of men—both from the white colonial government as well as the Chinese ruling elite-were prioritized over the interests of prostitutes.
Is South Africa's trade hegemony a critical inequality challenge for Zambia and the rest of the Southern Africa development community?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Trade is critical for economic development of Southern Africa, including in the Southern African Development Community (SADC). As a bloc, SADC seeks to foster free and fair trade for all member states through the elimination of trade barriers. However, the region is characterized by trade hegemony and inequalities that are seldom discussed or systematically reviewed despite their implications on shared prosperity and unity of the regional bloc. This chapter attempts to determine the main trade and regional integration implications for other SADC countries, particularly Zambia, of South Africa's trade hegemony—or significant economic power, control, trade dominance, and geo-political influence—in the subregion. A mix of systematic literature review and empirical observations—stylized facts and event analysis—is employed in order to explore questions about trade dominance, as well as determine the scale and nature of the inequality challenge of South Africa's hegemony in SADC. Inter alia, relative to Zambia and other countries, it is found that South Africa accrues disproportionately more benefits from intra-SADC trade, including a growing market, sustained trade surpluses, indigenous South African investments in other SADC countries, jobs, and general welfare gains for South African citizens.
EXPLORING THE ASSOCIATIONS OF AGE, GENDER, AND BLOOD GROUP WITH PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF FREQUENCY, CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS, RISK FACTORS, AND ULCER TYPES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is an alimentary tract problem resulting from mucosal injury brought about by gastric acid and pepsin production. The most common etiologies of peptic ulcer disease are NSAIDS and H Pylori Infections. Objective: To find the frequency, risk factors, clinical presentations, ulcer types of peptic ulcer patients presenting at gastroenterology OPD of a tertiary care hospital. Methodology: This is a Cross-Sectional Observational study, conducted over a period of 6 months. The sample size of 464 participants was acquired through consecutive convenient (purposive) sampling. For each subject the data was recorded on a Performa after taking a detailed history, thorough physical examination, and investigations. Informed consent was obtained from the participants before enrolling them to the study. The data was then analyzed using Excel Spread Sheets and SPSS Version 26. Results: Out of the 464 participants, 214 were male, and 250 were females. Among them, 78.23% participants had a positive family history. The frequency of peptic ulcer disease in this study was recorded to be 59.91%, of which 24.4% participants had blood type O and 60.07% had duodenal ulcer. The common clinical presentations were of acidity (72.66%), indigestion (72.66%) and pain (44.96%). It was also noted that caffeine intake and dyspepsia were among the common risk factors. Conclusion: Our study concluded that peptic ulcer disease has not just been an issue of the developed world, it is also prevalent in the developing nations, with duodenal ulcer being the commonest presentation. PUD was found to be present among every age group, hence its association is majorly with the unhealthy lifestyle of the patients (like use of analgesics, stress, intake of caffeine and spice).
Image Retargeting Techniques Identification Using Supervised Deep Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Image retargeting involves the adjustment of an image's dimensions to ensure that its content and visual quality are preserved when the image is resized to fit various screens or devices. This process retains all essential visual elements and details. Different techniques have been developed for this purpose, including cropping (CR), scaling (SCL), seam carving (SC), warping (WARP), scale-and-stretch (SNS), multi-operator (MULTI), and shift-map (SM). However, determining the most suitable method for retargeting a specific image with particular dimensions remains a challenge. Therefore, this research introduces initial work on developing CNN based deep learning model and a transfer learning model based on InceptionV3,to predict the optimal retargeting method for a given image and resolution. The study employed a dataset consisting of 46,716 images with varying resolutions, created using different retargeting techniques, categorized into six groups. Results demonstrates a promising effectiveness of the proposed approach for selecting the appropriate retargeting techniques.
Emergency preparedness: what every health care worker needs to know EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Canada is moving forward quickly with plans to ensure that it is prepared to deal with emergencies. The National Framework for Health Emergency Management, released Nov. 26, 2004, recommends that a National Health Incident Management System (IMS) be developed. However, although most communities have successfully implemented IMS in the emergency services sector, many are still struggling with the integration of IMS into their health care systems. It is essential that all health care workers, regardless of profession or position, understand at least the basic concepts of emergency preparedness because of the wide variety of roles they may be asked to fulfill in an emergency situation. This article will review the basic concepts in emergency preparedness and management with a specific focus on IMS in health care.
Ethically meaningful customer experiences: satisfying an evolving desire for purpose through CSR

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Customers and society increasingly expect purpose from businesses, and the prevalent corporate social responsibility (CSR) approaches do not adequately respond to this demand. To address the situation, we conceptualize Ethically Meaningful Customer Experiences (EMCE) as a new type of customer-oriented responsibility that synthesizes the experience economy and CSR. EMCEs, unlike previous approaches, circumvent implicit or explicit expectation of sacrifice by transforming it into an ethical activity that customers enjoy. We analyze the differences between earlier approaches and our development and provide emerging industry examples that align with the new concept. In synthesizing ethical consumption and the experience economy, EMCEs contribute a new theoretical path to understanding CSR that builds on the role of experience as a fundamental tourism and hospitality industry element and, consequently, develops an approach endogenous to the industry. The concept also contributes to customer experience design by incorporating ethics as a new experience component. We argue that EMCEs allow hotels and resorts to respond to an emerging customer desire for purpose while also addressing concerns related to the societal role of the tourism and hospitality industry.
Light utilization efficiency and quantum yield of phytoplankton in a thermally stratified sea1

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Light utilization efficiency and quantum yield of phytoplankton in a thermally stratified temperate sea were evaluated. Underwater spectral irradiance was measured with a specially designed underwater irradiance meter and the specific absorption coefficient of phytoplankton was determined by a modified opal glass method. The light utilization efficiency of phytoplankton at each depth was derived from photosynthetically fixed energy divided by the energy penetrating into that depth, and quantum yield was estimated from photosynthetic rate divided by quanta absorbed by phytoplankton. Vertical profiles of in situ photosynthetic rates per unit volume of water showed two peaks, the first at the depth of about 30% light level (ca. 45,000 cal m −2 h −1 ) and the second at the depth of about 1.5% light level (ca. 2,500 cal m −2 h −1 ) with about the same rates. The light utilization efficiency was about 0.5% at the first peak and 5% at the second. The quantum yield was about 0.02 mol C Einst −1 at the surface peak and 0.1 at the subsurface peak. The latter value was nearly the same as the maximum yield reported from culture experiments.
STERILIZABLE MINIATURE BIOREACTOR PLATFORM FOR ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION PROCESS

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the establishment of a miniature bioreactor platform for anaerobic microbial fermentation processes. It is made from a universal glass bottle and has a working volume of 16 mL. Reactor features included mixing via magnetic stirrer, temperature control via electrical heater and cells optical density (OD) sensing. All sensors and actuators integrated into the reactor were operated using LabVIEWTM (National Instrument, TX, US). The top lid of the bottle was modified to include a 3mm poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) polymer layer where it was machined to provide spaces for fluidic ports and integration of sensors. Each reactor components were sterilized prior to conducting fermentation experiments. Main body of the reactor was made of glass and it was sterilized using the standard heat sterilization method (121oC for 15 minutes) where else other components were sterilized by exposure to UV light for 2 hours. A series of anaerobic fermentation experiments were conducted in batch mode using S.cerevisiae to evaluate the workability of the system. Fermentation experiments were conducted using inoculum concentration of 2 gâˆ™L-1 and starting glucose concentration between 10 gâˆ™L-1 and 20 gâˆ™L-1. In every experiment, mixing was set to operate at 400 rpm and temperature was adjusted to 30 Â± 2oC. Experiments were carried out until stationary phase was attained. Under these conditions, the best fermentation profile was obtained with glucose concentration of 20 /L where cell specific growth rate was found to be about 0.28 h-1. Bench marking step was also performed where results attained in a miniature bioreactor platform were comparable with the one attained using a 50 mL flask.
Mid- to Long-term Results of Supramalleolar Osteotomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Good clinical and radiographic short-term results have been reported for patients who underwent realignment surgery of the hindfoot for treatment of early- and mid-stage ankle osteoarthrosis (OA). However, no mid- to long-term results have been reported. The aim of this study was to gain a better insight into the indications and contraindications for realignment surgery. Methods: Two hundred ninety-four patients (298 ankles) underwent realignment surgery between December 1999 and June 2013. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed with total ankle replacement and arthrodesis of the ankle joint as endpoints. A Cox proportional hazards model was performed to identify risk factors for failure. The mean time to follow-up was 5.0 ± 3.7 years. Results: The overall 5-year survival rate was 88%. Thirty-eight patients (12.9%) underwent either secondary total ankle replacement or ankle arthrodesis (30 total ankle replacements, 8 ankle arthrodesis). Risk factors for failure following realignment surgery were age at the time of surgery and a Takakura score of 3b preoperatively. Conclusion: Realignment surgery of the hindfoot was an excellent treatment option for young and physically active patients with early to mid-stage ankle OA. Level of Evidence: Level IV, prospective observational study.
Chemical and Toxicological Characterization of Residential Oil Burner Emissions: II. Mutagenic, Tumorigenic, and Potential Teratogenic Activity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Extracts of effluents from a modern residential oil burner have been evaluated in several toxicological assay systems. Bacterial mutagens were detected in extracts from both the particulate and vapor phase emissions. Effluents from continuous operation were an order of magnitude less mutagenic than those from cyclic (5 min on, 10 min off) operations. No difference in the yield of bacterial mutagens per gram of fuel burned was found between cyclic operation under low and moderate sooting conditions. On the basis of elution behavior from alumina it appeared that the bacterial mutagens collected from high sooting effluents were more polar than those from low sooting effluent. An extract that was mutagenic in bacteria did not induce a significant increase in mutation frequency to human lymphoblasts. No evidence of tumorigenicity was observed in a limited number of newborn mice after IP injection of effluent extract when compared to historical control data. Putative nonmutagenic teratogens were detected in effluent using an attachment inhibition assay. The level of these agents was reduced in effluents from continuous oil burner operation.
A “NEW HISTORY” IN AMERICA: Robinson and Beard

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

[James Harvey Robinson (1863–1936) spent his lifetime battling against the conventional history taught in American schools, and sought to replace it with "The New History." Trained both in this country and in Germany in the exacting methods of nineteenth century historiography, Robinson became dissatisfied with its exclusively political, constitutional, and military emphasis. After writing an orthodox doctoral dissertation on the German Bundesrath, he edited and translated a series of original sources in European history. A highly effective teacher at Pennsylvania and Columbia Universities, he introduced a novel course on the History of the Intellectual Class of Europe and inspired some of his graduate students—among them Lynn Thorndike, C. J. H. Hayes, Preserved Smith, and James T. Shotwell—to embark on a study of intellectual history. But his greatest influence came through his many, widely-used textbooks, beginning with An Introduction to the History of Western Europe (2 vols. 1902–1903). These high school and college texts stressed the intellectual and social trends of a particular age, and were designed to be more popular in their appeal than the older political chronicles.
Generalised hydrogen-bonding lattice-fluid theory for thermodynamics of complex systems

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A generalised hydrogen-bonding molecular theory of associated systems is proposed based on the nonrandom-lattice-fluid theory and Veytsman statistics. By the two-fluid approximation, configurational Helmholtz free energy was derived from the lattice of the Guggenheim combinatory. The approximate nature of the model makes it possible to unify the classical lattice theory with hydrogen bonding. The model requires only two molecular parameters for a pure fluid. For a binary mixture an additional interaction parameter is needed. Results demonstrated that the model correlates quantitatively the first-order and second-order thermodynamic properties of real fluids. The model is especially relevant to (multi)phase equilibria of systems containing molecularly complex species such as electron donor- acceptors and macromolecules. The model is quantitatively applied to vapour and liquid densities and vapour pressures of pure systems, various vapour-liquid equilibria, and vapour--solid equilibria of associated mixtures with temperature-independent interaction parameters. Also, the model even characterised liquid-- liquid equilibria employing temperature-dependent binary interaction parameters well.
FIG. 1 266 THE JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY PERCUTANEOUS NEEDLE-REDUCTION OF A DISLOCATED

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

I)islocation of the lunate bone is a comparatively rare injury. \\Vatson Jones (1929) reported an incidence of one in every 400 fractures and dislocations. Various methods of reduction have been recommended (BOhler 1938, Davis 1923, Farr 1926 and Watson Jones 1929). Common to all these methods is the application of traction to the hand in order to pull the capitate away from the radius while pressure is exerted against the lunate bone from the palmar side of the wrist. Reduction can usually be accomplished if performed within a few days of injury. If a longer interval has elapsed, the use of skeletal traction or open reduction may be necessary. Late results after operative reduction are usually poor because of the development of osteoarthritis in the radiocarpal joint. Watson-Jones (1943) recommended excision of the lunate bone if reduction has not been accomplished within a reasonable time after the injury. The following case is reported to illustrate a percutaneous method of reduction which proved useful in a patient in whom the lunate l)one was dislocated anteriorly and rotated al)out 90 degrees. CASE REPORT A man of sixty-four fell ten feet into a ship’s hold, injuring his right wrist. The next day the wrist was swollen, stiff and painful. A radiograph showed a dislocation of the lunate. An immediate attempt at reduction under anaesthesia was unsuccessful and the patient was referred to the surgical department of Aker Hospital on the same day. Further attempts at reduction were made shortly after admission: strong traction was applied to the wrist, which Radiograph before reduction. was dorsiflexed and then slowly flexed palmwards while pressure was exerted over the lunate hone by the thumb from the palmar side of the wrist. The manipulation was performed under fluoroscopic guidance. This attempt also was unsuccessful and so was a further manipulation the next day (Fig. 1). Operative treatment was therefore planned five days after the injury. FIG. 2 Condition three ’ months after reduction.
Social Media Use Training for Adults with Intellectual Disabilities: A Pilot Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

People with intellectual disability use social media; however, there are barriers preventing them from using and benefiting from social media to the same extent as others. Some barriers include lack of knowledge, limited skills and inaccessibility. This pilot study used a sequential mixed method design to explore the outcomes of a social media training program for adults with intellectual disability aimed at social media use and increased social networks of participants. Six participants (mean age 35.7 years) participated in training focused on cyber safety and support to use individualised social media use goals. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, Goal Attainment Scale, and Circles of Communication Partners tools were used to examine the outcomes of training and changes in the participants' social networks. Semi-structured interviews with participants and one staff member provided insight into participants' experiences and perceptions of training outcomes. Findings indicated that participants achieved some of their goals and communicated with more people online after training compared to before training. Preliminary outcomes suggest that social media use training may assist adults with intellectual disability to strengthen social connections, gain digital literacy skills, and increase self-confidence online. Further research is needed with a larger sample, including a control group.
Trauma of Human agency and the impact of Giovanni Liotti's work on its theorisation

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In presenting this brief account of my fi rst encounter with Giovanni Liotti I wish also to explain the human and scientifi c motivations which led me to ask for his consensus in my work – the product of years of literary and psychoanalytical research, followed by training in clinical psychology and psychoanalytic psychotherapy focusing above all on trauma. I reconstruct the fundamental moments of Liotti’s work on disorganized attachment and the tendency towards vulnerability to dissociation; the distinction between trauma infl icted by human agency and trauma caused by natural catastrophies; the need to intervene in the dyad caregiver-child as early as possible; the fundamental fragmentation between body and mind which dissociation involves and the predisposition [of victims of childhood trauma] towards dissociative disturbances and severe pathologies of the personality such as borderline disorders. Liotti’s belief in the real as opposed to imaginary nature of the trauma experienced is close to my own idea on this point and is in line with contemporary research that restores reality to the historical event and acknowledges its repercussion on neurobiology and intergenerational transmission (due to the dynamics of attachment that are reactivated between parents and child) as well as the nucleus
of destructiveness in this chain of individual and social violence. Liotti distanced himself from the idea of trauma as something imagined that had so characterised Freudian psychoanalysis, reaffi rming instead the work of Pierre Janet (whom he had studied very closely) and Ferenczi (whose work I reintroduced in my fi rst international publications and wanted to discuss with him). I conclude describing our last correspondences that centered on literature and the pains of life.
Characterization of the asymptotic Teichmüller space of the open unit disk through shears

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We give a parametrization to the asymptotic Teichmüller space AT (D) of the open unit disk D through equivalence classes of shear functions induced by quasisymmetric homeomorphisms on the Farey tessellation of D. Then using the parametrization, we define a new metric on AT (D).Two other related metrics are also introduced on AT (D) by using cross-ratio distortions or quadrilateral dilatations under the boundary maps on degenerating sequences of quadruples or quadrilaterals.We show that the topologies induced by the three metrics are equivalent to the one induced by the Teichmüller metric on AT (D).Before proving our main results, we revisit and rectify a mistake in the proof in [21] on the characterization of quasisymmetric homeomorphisms in terms of shear functions.
IMMIGRANTS AND VIOLENCE: AN ANALYSIS OF “THE OTHER SIDE OF HOPE”

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract: New sociological developments that emerged after the attacks of 11 September have given the wave of transnational migration a new dimension. The wave of migration that began towards the Western world has revealed a number of sociological problems that now concern many nations. In this process, nation-states have adopted a cautious approach to the migrant subject, and migrants have been subjected to various forms of violence. Transnational migration and the phenomenon of violence it entails have now begun to be the subject of artistic productions and films that go beyond academic studies. It is in this context that this study, which examines the relationship between transnational migration and violence through the film The Other Side of Hope, aims to identify the types of violence that migrants encounter. As a result, the study found that immigrants tend to experience psychological, symbolic and physical types of violence. The study found that among these types of violence, symbolic violence is the most common. Since symbolic violence is a violence that can be hidden in many issues, it was understood that the Western authorities can use it more. In fact, symbolic violence is hardly understood even by those who are subjected to it.