jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Suicide on the railways in Great Britain: a multi-disciplinary analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As part of wider efforts to reduce suicide on the railways, Network Rail commissioned a programme of research and consultation focusing on railway suicide messaging and communications. The aim of this work was to generate new multi-disciplinary insights and actionable intelligence for the rail industry.

The secondary analysis of existing interview and survey data , taken alongside the analysis of online environments , previous ethnographic and anthropological work , and consultations with academic, rail industry and lived experience experts, has enabled us to generate a fairly full and clear picture of how people who are contemplating (or who have contemplated and attempted) suicide on the railways engage with and express the idea of railway suicide, and the types of associations made about that method / location. In short, by bringing together the findings from different studies, and looking for overlaps, common themes, as well as differences, we have been able to develop a good sense of the cultural scripts and discourses that together form ‘railway suicide’ as a knowable and available means of ending one’s life.

More specifically, from these sources we have been able to draw out the factors that seemingly attract people to the method/location (quick, lethal, accessible, commonly used method), and also what dissuades them (impact on others - especially the driver, possibility of surviving with injuries, possibility of intervention, fear-inducing method). The logic, in terms of a messaging / communications strategy, would therefore be to challenge the ‘attractors’ (because many are misunderstandings or myths) and try to reinforce or amplify the ‘dissuaders’. There are complexities and difficulties to be considered, though, particularly around risks, possible unintended consequences, and the nuances needed to communicate to different audiences.
P&O method controls applied to grid connected PV systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a fuzzy adaptive P&O controller for photovoltaic generation in AC systems. The goal of this controller is to overcome the MPPT accuracy of the classic P&O, which is impaired by the fixed step-size of the duty-cycle variation. Therefore, the fuzzy adaptive P&O controller varies the duty-cycle step-size to achieve fast dynamic response and accurate MPPT with reduced oscillation in steady state. Here, proposed algorithm as well as the classic P&O algorithm is assessed through a hardware-in-the-loop simulation in PSCAD/EMTDC environment. The controllers are compared in terms of performance, implementation availability and complexity.
Antecedents And Outcomes Of Boredom: Why We Should Know?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Purpose: This is a conceptual paper to review the antecedents and the outcomes of boredom among employees through a non-systematic existing literature of review. \n \nDesign: This paper is divided into two parts. The first part is about the antecedents (causes) of boredom that occurs at workplace. While the second part elaborates on the outcomes (consequences) of boredom that persist for a period of time at workplace. The reviews were done based on several literatures from 12 studies published over a period of 15 years (2000-2015) that were carried out at different countries on boredom. \n \nFindings: Firstly, the author categorized the antecedents (causes) of boredom into three major precursor events namely task that lack of meaning, non-challenging task and individual perception which were supported with literatures. Each antecedent events play a significant role in arousing boredom at workplace that distract employees from performing. Secondly, empirical evidences from past researches have shown that job boredom is highly correlated with negative outcomes (consequences) such as health, performances and etc. In addition, it was noted that job boredom was largely investigated in western countries but not in eastern countries especially Malaysia. Even though it has been neglected, boredom remains as emotion at workplace that exists persistently in every occupations. It had been proven that boredom brought severe implications towards employees and organization. Researchers agreed that boredom shall receive more attention through researches and findings discussion. It enables proper intervention such as job enrichment and job redesign to be implemented to minimize boredom at workplace and thus worth to be further investigated. \n \nType of paper: Conceptual Paper
The role of metabolites in morphine analgesic effects

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Morphine is metabolized into two main metabolites, morphine-3-glucuronide and morphine-6-glucuronide. Morphine-6-glucuronide is a potent analgesic that is responsible for up to 97% of the analgesic effect. Morphine-3-glucuronide does not bind to opioid receptors and is devoid of any analgesic effect. However, it activates the Toll-like 4 receptors initiating neurogenic inflammation in the central nervous system. This, in turn, is responsible for anti–analgesic and hyperalgesic effects. There are a number of strategies on how to inhibit this pronociceptive effect and finally improve morphine analgesia. Palliat Med Pract 2018; 12, 4: 198–202
La tradizione romanza di Rorgone Fretello tra Terre de Promission e Fazienda de Ultra Mar

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper offers a preliminary analysis of the Romance tradition of Rorgo Fretellus’s Descriptio de locis sanctis, one of the major medieval Latin itineraries of the Holy Land. The study examines key passages from its Old French translation, known as Terre de Promission, and the Castilian Fazienda de Ultra Mar, which extensively draws on the Descriptio. Adopting a comparative perspective, my paper aims to show similarities and distinctions between the two works, with a particular focus on the role of geographical space and the cult of relics.
Composition of Message Passing Interface Applications over MPICH-G2

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Coupling grid applications requires code modification and high S/W engineering effort. We propose the Ensemble methodology in which message passing components are developed separately and applications, whether regular, irregular, SPMD or MPMD, are composed without component modification. Composed applications are pure Message Passing Interface programs running on MPICH-G2. We demonstrate our approach by developing two simplified atmospheric and ocean components, which may run on their own or coupled together (climate model) in any required configuration depending on geography or other design issues.
Molecular Approaches for the Screening of Novel Enzymes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Use of Nucleic Acid Probes to Detect Enzyme-coding Genes in Cultivated Microorganisms Current Knowledge and Applications Limitations of Probe Technology and the Need for Innovative Approaches The Microbial Metagenome: a Resource of Novel Natural Products and Enzymes Accessing the Uncultivated Biodiversity: the Community DNA Concept Unravelling Metabolic Function: the BAC Strategy Analysis of Metagenomic Libraries: Activity versus Sequence-driven Strategy, Enrichment for Specific Genomes and Application of High-throughput Screening Methods Follow-up of the Metagenome Harvest Concluding Remarks
Relationship between Spontaneous Speech and Speech Made with Effort during Therapy by Individuals with Dysarthria

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Dysarthria97例を対象とし, 言語訓練室の中での「できる発話」と生活の場における「している発話」の関係について検討し, 主に以下の結果を得た.1.タイプ, 訓練の種類, 明瞭度のレベルにかかわりなく言語訓練室内よりも日常生活状況では明瞭度が低下した.2.弛緩1生, 痙性, 失調性, UUMN dysarthriaでは言語訓練室内と比較して日常生活状況では明瞭度が低下することを自覚していた.3.総じて, 「できる発話」と「している発話」の双方において, 発話者は客観的に明瞭度の程度をとらえていた.4.「できる発話」と「している発話」の間に認められた明瞭度の差とMMSE, 言語訓練に対する意欲, 満足度, 年齢, 訓練開始後経過月数との間の相関はいずれも認められなかった.以上の結果に基づいて, 「できる発話」から「している発話」に般化させるための臨床的方策について検討を加えた.
[Global consensus on social accountability of medical schools].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A collaborative research project on the social accountability of medical schools based on the Delphi method was conducted by an international reference group composed of 130 representatives of the main associations of medical schools and medical education organizations throughout the world, in addition to experts invited to take part in a personal capacity. The project ended with a conference held in South Africa overseen by an independent adjudicator who was not an expert in the field. The event resulted in the unanimous adoption of a document entitled ?Global consensus on social accountability of medical schools'. The document emphases the importance of improving the capacity of medical schools to respond to the needs and challenges of health care for citizens and society in general, in line with the core values of quality, equity, relevance and effectiveness. The implications for reconsidering quality practices and for reviewing accreditation and evaluation criteria are presented.
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction in Planar Positron Cameras Using Fourier Deconvolution of Generalized Tomograms

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A computational method for obtaining Three-Dimensional reconstructions of positron emitting radionuclei distributions using a Planar Positron camera is described. The method involves the use of a Filtered Fourier Deconvolution Method. Construction of Generalized Tomograms capable of emphasizing the large angle events is introduced. The finite size of the Positron Camera detector and its effect on the reconstruction are discussed.
The role of gamma-aminobutyric acid in female depression

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

REVISIÓN ResumenLa depresión es un trastorno psiquiátrico frecuente e incapacitante.Es causada por diferentes factores, entre los que figura el aspecto neurobiológico.En el presente trabajo presentamos evidencias acerca del papel del ácido gamma-aminobutírico (GABA) en la etiopatogenia de la depresión, con énfasis en la mujer.Los estudios en animales fundamentan la implicación del GABA en la depresión, mientras que los estudios clínicos han demostrado que el GABA se encuentra disminuido en líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) y plasma en pacientes con depresión.Estudios con espectroscopia muestran una disminución del GABA en diferentes áreas cerebrales.Tras la administración de antidepresivos, se incrementa y se observa mejoría clínica.Se ha visto que la depresión se presenta con mayor frecuencia en las mujeres que en los hombres, y se ha sugerido que existe una relación entre la depresión y los cambios hormonales.De igual manera, se ha visto que las hormonas gonadales tienen un efecto regulador del estrés sobre el eje hipotálamo-hipófisis-adrenal mediante receptores GABAérgicos, haciendo a las mujeres más vulnerables a sufrir estrés y por tanto depresión.Por lo anterior, se propone estudiar con mayor profundidad la implicación del GABA en la depresión, para buscar nuevas estrategias
Comparison of Stylosanthes humilis with S. hamata and S. subsericea in the Queensland dry tropics: effects on pasture composition and cattle liveweight gain

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two new accessions of perennial legumes, Stylosanthes hamata cv. Verano and S. subsericea, were compared under grazing with the annual S. humilis (Townsville stylo) at four sites in the dry tropics. One of the new accessions, S. subsericea, was largely eliminated from the comparison because of its susceptibility to anthracnose. Although Townsville stylo was well adapted at two of the sites where average rainfall exceeded 850 mm annually (Lansdown and Wrotham Park), the yield of Verano was significantly more after the establishment year. At these sites the original grasses were replaced by the annuals Diqitaria ciliaris and Brachiaria miliiformis. Where soil fertility was high (Lansdown), these grasses competed vigorously with the legumes; where soil fertility was low (Wrotham Park), the sward remained legume-dominant. The yield of Townsville stylo was low at the two sites where annual rainfall was less than 750 mm annually (Kangaroo Hills and Westwood). Verano produced very high yields at the warmer site (Kangaroo Hills) and became dominant in the third year; in subsequent years there was an increase in the improved grass Urochloa mosambicensis, which responded to the increase in soil fertility. At the cooler site (Westwood) the yield of Verano was poor. Cattle liveweight gains were similar on both the Townsville stylo and Verano pastures at Lansdown, and better on the Verano pasture only in one year at Wrotham Park. At Kangaroo Hills and Westwood, liveweight gains were significantly greater on the Verano pastures. The data suggested that differences in liveweight gain did not occur when the legume yield on both pastures exceeded 600 kg ha-1. This threshold was usually achieved at Lansdown and Wrotham Park, but rarely with Townsville stylo at Kangaroo Hills. Townsville stylo has until recently been the only legume suited to pasture improvement in the dry tropics. The results from this experiment show that the perennial legume Verano can now extend the range of legume-based pasture improvement in the dry tropics of northern Australia.
Tools for health professionals within the German health telematics platform

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Shared care concepts such as managed care and continuity of care are based on extended communication and co-operation between different health professionals or between them and the patient respectively. Health information systems and their components, which are very different in their structure, behaviour, data and their semantics as well as regarding implementation details used in different environments for different purposes, have to provide intelligent interoperability. Therefore, flexibility, portability, knowledge-based interoperability and future-orientation must be guaranteed using the newest development of model driven architecture. The ongoing work for the German health telematics platform based on an architectural framework and a security infrastructure is described in some detail. This concept of future-proof health information networks with virtual electronic health records as core application starts with multifunctional electronic health cards. It fits into developments currently performed by many other developed countries. The paper introduces into the German health telematics platform and its tools based on smart card.
Three Cases of Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-like Nuclear Features

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Recently, the noninvasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma has been reclassified as noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) by the WHO in the new World Health Organization classification system for endocrine tumors. We encountered three cases of NIFTP at our hospital. The patients were an 83-year-old woman, 43-year-old woman, and 53-year-old man, and each was treated by lobectomy for suspected malignant thyroid tumor. The tumor was diagnosed by histopathology as a NIFTP in each patient.
Linguistic Processing of Motion: A Survey.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The concept of linguistic processing of motion is introduced in the report. It is defined as the structural analysis and synthesis of motions and their representations by a computer. The motions are regarded as being composed of simpler, eventually primitive, motions called terminals. The basic concepts of programming languages are extended into the domain of computer-oriented description of motions. The concepts of formal treatment of motions. In particular, the linguistic processing of motion is suggested as an extension of linguistic picture processing into the domain of time. The report consists of two parts. In the first the problem of linguistic processing of motion is defined and an overall approach for its solution is outlined. In the second, a survey of the relevant literature is given. (Author)
Variability in treatment advice for elderly patients with aortic stenosis: a nationwide survey in the

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective—To determine how the decisions of Dutch cardiologists on surgical treatment for aortic stenosis were influenced by the patient’s age, cardiac signs and symptoms, and comorbid-ity; and to identify groups of cardiologists whose responses to these clinical characteristics were similar. Design—A questionnaire was produced asking cardiologists to indicate on a six point scale whether they would advise cardiac surgery for each of 32 case vignettes describing 10 clinical characteristics. Setting—Nationwide postal survey among all 530 cardiologists in the Netherlands. Results—52 % of the cardiologists responded. There was wide variability in the cardiologists’ advice for the individual case vignettes. Six groups of cardiologists explained 60 % of the variance. The age of the patient was most important for 41 % of the cardiologists; among these, 50 % had a high and 50 % a low inclination to advise surgery. A further 24 % were influenced equally by the patient’s age and by the severity of the aortic stenosis and its eVect on left ventricular function; among these, 62 % had a high and 38 % a low inclination to advise surgery. Finally, 23 % of the cardiologists were mainly influenced by the left ventricular function and 12 % by the aortic valve area. The presence of comorbidity always played a minor role. Conclusions—There were systematic diVerences among groups of cardiologists in their inclina-tion to advise aortic valve replacement for elderly patients, as well as in the way their advice was influenced by the patients ’ characteristics. These results indicate the need for prospective studies to identify the best treatment for elderly patients according to their clinical profile. (Heart 2001;85:196–201)
Abstract 5136: HER2 or EGFR inhibition interacts with tumor microenvironment by downregulation of PD-L1 and chemokines

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Agents targeting HER2 or EGFR have been applied in several cancer types. Tumor microenvironment including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes could be a predictive marker in HER2- or EGFR- targeted therapy, although there are some controversies. However, the effects of HER2 and EGFR inhibition on tumor microenvironment are unclear. Method: We screened HER2, EGFR, and PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer cell lines by western blot (SNU216, SNU668, SNU719, AGS, N87, YCC3, and YCC10). HER2 and EGFR was inhibited by using dual inhibitor (afatinib, lapatinib). After HER2 and EGFR inhibition, the change of PD-L1 expression was evaluated in HER2 overexpressed cell lines (SNU216, N87, SKBR3) at western blot, FACS, PCR, and qPCR. Selective blockade for down-steam molecules of HER2 and EGFR was conducted by using pictilisib (PI3K inhibitor) and trametinib (MEK inhibitor). The change of chemokines such as CXCL1, CCL2, and CCL21 was evaluated after HER2 and EGFR inhibition by PCR. In clinical data, PD-L1 expression and HER2 expression in resected gastric cancer were also evaluated by immunohistochemistry analysis. Results: EGFR-overexpressed or HER2-overexpressed gastric cancer cell lines (SNU216, SNU668, N87) showed higher protein expression of PD-L1. PD-L1 expression decreased with dose-dependent manner in afatinib- or lapatinib- treated cell lines (SNU216, N87, SKBR3). In pictilisib-treated cell lines, PD-L1 was also down-regulated. However, trametinib-treated cell lines did not show down-regulation of PD-L1. After lapatinib treatment in HER2 overexpressed cell lines, CXCL1, CCL21, and CCL2 decreased with dose-dependent manner. In 289 patients with resected gastric cancer, there was a significant association between HER2 and PD-L1 expression (p = 0.03). Conclusions: PD-L1 is associated with HER2 and EGFR expression. PD-L1 is regulated by inhibition of PI3K pathway. Therefore, HER2 or EGFR inhibition could interact with tumor microenvironment by down-regulation of expression of PD-L1 and chemokines. Citation Format: Jin Won Kim, Ji Hea Sung, Mi Hyun Kang, Ji-Won Kim, Se-Hyun Kim, Keun-Wook Lee, Hye Seung Lee, Jee Hyun Kim. HER2 or EGFR inhibition interacts with tumor microenvironment by downregulation of PD-L1 and chemokines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 5136.
Ecotoxicological and biochemical risks of xenobiotics on the health status of marine aquatic environments

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays, human population are increasing exponentially, being predictable to achieve the 9.6 billion of people in 2050 in the planet. This population increase intensifies the food requirements, and consequently the pesticides use to increase the harvest success and supress the food needs. Pairwise, the pesticides overuse, climatic changes are currently the main concern between scientific, politician and social communities. Pesticides are applied in crops and soils, however they can achieve the water bodies through runoff, leaching or accidental spraying. Moreover, aquatic systems, particularly marine systems are very susceptible to chemical and environmental changes, even to the slight one. So, it is urgent understand the effects of these stressors, both pesticides and warming in these ecosystems, considering the effects on the biota, mainly on non-target species. This thesis intends to: a) assess the effects of copper (Cu) and oxyfluorfen (OXY), individually and combined, at different temperatures, on three species from different trophic levels – the marine producer Thalassiosira weissflogii, the first consumers Artemia franciscana and the secondary consumers Cerastoderma edule; b) determine changes on the nutritive value of each species, and its impact to the trophic chain; c) suggest additional endpoints to include in the evaluation of chemicals toxicity, to the definition of authorized doses. Results showed that chemicals and temperature increase affect differently the various species. Briefly, OXY was more toxic than Cu to T. weissflogii and to A. franciscana, but the opposite was observed to C. edule, probably due to specific physiologic characteristic of the bivalves’ species. Moreover, temperature showed a protective role to the producers, but intensified the consumers sensitivity to the chemicals’ action. Biochemical data suggest a decrease of the organisms’ nutritive value with the exposure to both chemicals and with the temperature increase, even in T. weissflogii. Concluding, temperature rise can seem to be good to the producers, however considering the changes on the nutritive value, it can represent dangerous effects to the ecosystems balance, once it will affect the consumers survival but also their feeding success. Moreover, chemical exposure revealed significant damage on biochemical profiles of the three species, even considering chemicals’ concentrations found in the environment and concentrations authorized by the legislation. So, in the end is suggested the application of most sensitive and relevant endpoints in the chemical’s evaluation to the definition of authorized concentrations, namely the determination of lipid peroxidation, polyunsaturated fatty acids, glucose and protein content.