jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Grape Research in India -A Review

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The commercial grape cultivation in India is about 60 years old and mainly confined to cultivation of Vitis vinifera cultivars in the tropical and sub-tropical areas comprising of Maharashtra (Nasik, Solapur, Sangli and Pune districts), northern Karnataka (Bijapur, Belgaum, Kadappa, Bagalkot, districts), Andhra Pradesh (Rangareddy district) and Tamil Nadu. The vines remain ever growing as there is no cold induced dormancy of vines, and pruning the vines twice in a year while taking a single crop is the common practice. Research work carried out during the past few decades before the establishment of the National Research Centre for Grapes at Pune was conducted at various centres across India which did not focussed on the needs of the industry. It is since the inception of this Centre that a concerted effort has been made to study the actual constraints in grape production through dialogues with the growers and other stake holders and field visits, and resolve them through need based research. In this paper we have focussed on this need based research conducted in the last two decades or so which has made a difference to grape cultivation in the country.
IL-1 Receptor Antagonist during Acute Inflammation in Experimental Shigellosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Infection by the enteric bacterial pathogen Shigella results in intense mucosal inflammation and destruction of the colonic and rectal epithelium in infected humans. Initial bacterial translocation occurs through the follicle-associated epithelium. Previous experiments suggest that interleukin-1 (IL-1) is crucial to trigger inflammation, particularly in the follicular zones. During the first 4 hours of infection in a rabbit ligated-loop model of intestinal invasion, there are two salient characteristics: (i) a high concentration of IL-1a and IL-1b, both in infected Peyer’s patch tissue and in the corresponding efferent mesenteric blood, and (ii) a very low level of expression of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra). These may reflect a combination of regulation of expression and secretion of IL-1a, IL-1b, and IL-1ra by both resident and recruited phagocytes and the induction of mononuclear phagocyte apoptosis by Shigella. This low IL-1ra/IL-1 ratio likely accounts for the rapid, uncontrolled inflammation characteristic of shigellosis. Shigellosis is an acute inflammatory disease of the colonic and rectal mucosae in humans. In its major form, mucosal tissue destruction generated by acute inflammation causes the dysenteric symptoms characterized by bloody, mucopurulent stools. Shigella, the causative agent, invades the colonic and
Deficits in rate of force production during multifinger tasks are associated with cognitive status

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Objectives The multifinger force deficit (MFFD) is the decline in force generated by an individual finger as the number of fingers contributing to the action is increased. It has been proposed that as a measure of neural sufficiency rather than muscle status, it provides a means of detecting individuals at risk of cognitive decline. Age‐related deficits in central neural drive exert a disproportionate impact on the rate at which force can be generated. We examined whether a MFFD derived from the maximum rate at which force is generated, is more sensitive to individual differences in cognitive status, than one calculated using the maximum level of force. Methods Monotonic associations between each of two variants of the MFFD, and cognition (measured with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment), were estimated cross sectionally using generalized partial rank correlations, in which age, level of education and degree of handedness were included as covariates. The participants (n=26) were community dwelling adults aged 66‐87. Results The MFFD derived using the maximum rate of force development was negatively associated with cognitive status. The association for the MFFD based on the maximum level of force, was not statistically reliable. The associations with cognitive status obtained for both variants of the MFFD were of greater magnitude than those reported previously for standard grip strength dynamometry. Conclusion The sensitivity with which the MFFD detects risk of cognitive decline may be enhanced by using the maximum rate of force developed by each finger, rather than the maximum force generated by each finger.
Pasteurella multocida produces a protein with homology to the P6 outer membrane protein of Haemophilus influenzae

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

An antibody specific for a 16-kDa outer membrane protein of a rabbit strain of Pasteurella multocida was used to probe representatives of all 16 somatic serotypes of P. multocida, as well as the vaccine strains CU and M9, and all were shown to express the protein. The gene encoding this protein was cloned and sequenced and found to have extensive sequence homology with the gene encoding the P6 protein of Haemophilus influenzae. The protein in P. multocida has been designated P6-like. The gene encoding the P6-like protein was used to probe members of the family Pasteurellaceae and other gram-negative bacteria. Representatives of all 16 somatic serotypes (as well as the vaccine strains CU and M9) of P. multocida hybridized with the P6-like gene under conditions of high stringency. The DNA from H. influenzae hybridized weakly with the P6-like gene under these conditions, but Pasteurella haemolytica (representatives of A and T biotypes), Bordetella bronchiseptica, B. avium, Actinobacillus suis, A. suis-like, A. lignieresii, A. ureae, A. rossii, A. pleuropneumoniae, A. equuli, and various members of the family Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella typhimurium) did not hybridize detectably. Under conditions of lower stringency, the P6-like gene also hybridized strongly with DNA from P. multocida, H. influenzae, and A. rossii but weakly with DNA from P. haemolytica and members of the genus Actinobacillus. These results suggest that the P6-like protein of P. multocida might be useful as an immunizing product to protect poultry from avian cholera. This suggestion stems from (i) our finding that the P6-like protein in P. multocida is widely distributed among all the somatic serotypes and (ii) the previous work of others demonstrating that the P6 protein of H. influenzae elicits a protective immune response in animal models of human disease.
Management and “Administerization” in China's Higher Education System: A View from the Trenches

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Scholarship on university autonomy in China's higher education system in the past three decades has focused on the macro-relationship between the party-state and university leadership. This paper focuses instead on university-level management practices and college-level academic autonomy. Drawing on the discourse of “administerization” and “de-administerization” within Chinese academia, we demonstrate how the dual administration system and outdated management practices common in the higher education system limit academic quality and educational autonomy at the college level.
Nonlinear global Fréchet regression for random objects via weak conditional expectation

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Random objects are complex non-Euclidean data taking value in general metric space, possibly devoid of any underlying vector space structure. Such data are getting increasingly abundant with the rapid advancement in technology. Examples include probability distributions, positive semi-definite matrices, and data on Riemannian manifolds. However, except for regression for object-valued response with Euclidean predictors and distribution-on-distribution regression, there has been limited development of a general framework for object-valued response with object-valued predictors in the literature. To fill this gap, we introduce the notion of a weak conditional Fréchet mean based on Carleman operators and then propose a global nonlinear Fréchet regression model through the reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) embedding. Furthermore, we establish the relationships between the conditional Fréchet mean and the weak conditional Fréchet mean for both Euclidean and object-valued data. We also show that the state-of-the-art global Fréchet regression developed by Petersen and Mueller, 2019 emerges as a special case of our method by choosing a linear kernel. We require that the metric space for the predictor admits a reproducing kernel, while the intrinsic geometry of the metric space for the response is utilized to study the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimates. Numerical studies, including extensive simulations and a real application, are conducted to investigate the performance of our estimator in a finite sample.
Special issue : Calcium.Clinics of bone metabolism anomalies.2.Advances in diagnosis and treatment.2.Hypocalcemia.1.Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism syndrome.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

特発性副甲状腺機能低下症は,明らかな誘因を伴わずに, PTH分泌不全を来したものであり, PTHの最大分泌能の低下およびset-pointの左への移動を特徴とする. PTH作用および血清PTH値の低下に加え,外因性PTHに対する反応性の保持によって診断される.活性型ビタミンD3によって治療されているが,血清Caの上昇に伴い,高Ca尿症を来しやすいため,血清Caを正常下界に維持することが望ましい.
A novel acylglycerol kinase that produces lysophosphatidic acid modulates cross talk with EGFR in prostate cancer cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The bioactive phospholipids, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and phosphatidic acid (PA), regulate pivotal processes related to the pathogenesis of cancer. Here, we report characterization of a novel lipid kinase, designated acylglycerol kinase (AGK), that phosphorylates monoacylglycerol and diacylglycerol to form LPA and PA, respectively. Confocal microscopy and subcellular fractionation suggest that AGK is localized to the mitochondria. AGK expression was up-regulated in prostate cancers compared with normal prostate tissues from the same patient. Expression of AGK in PC-3 prostate cancer cells markedly increased formation and secretion of LPA. This increase resulted in concomitant transactivation of the EGF receptor and sustained activation of extracellular signal related kinase (ERK) 1/2, culminating in enhanced cell proliferation. AGK expression also increased migratory responses. Conversely, down-regulating expression of endogenous AGK inhibited EGF- but not LPA-induced ERK1/2 activation and progression through the S phase of the cell cycle. Hence, AGK can amplify EGF signaling pathways and may play an important role in the pathophysiology of prostate cancer.
The Impact of State Governmental Policies Upon Metropolitan Growth: a Comparative Study of California, Michigan and New York

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper will be devoted primarily to an examination of the role of the State Government in California, Michigan, and New York in aiding the development of metropolitan areas within their boundaries, and encouraging a workable framework for the solution of metropolitan problems. In a broad sense, there will be concern not only with financial or legal assistance to metropolitan areas, but also with the encouragement or hindrance of a feeling of “metropolitanism” within these regions.
Effect of a Competitive Solvent on Binding Enthalpy\nand Chain Intermixing in Hydrogen-Bonded Layer-by-Layer Films

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This work is focused on the effect\nof a small-molecule/hydrogen-bonding\ncompetitor on the heat of complexation of hydrogen-bonding polymers\nin aqueous solutions, as well as on deposition of these molecules\nwithin layer-by-layer (LbL) films. Specifically, binding between poly­(methacrylic\nacid) (PMAA) and poly­(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) under acidic conditions\nin the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has been explored. Isothermal\ntitration calorimetry showed that with increasing concentration of\nDMSO in aqueous solution, the positive enthalpy of formation of PMAA/PVP\ncomplexes decreased and switched sign at ∼25 vol % DMSO. This\nchange is interpreted as a transition from endothermal association\nbetween PMAA and PVP in water, driven by release of solvation water\nmolecules, to exothermic association driven by the enthalpy of interpolymer\nhydrogen bonding. This switch is interpreted as destruction of polymer\nhydration shells by DMSO molecules. The content of DMSO also strongly\nimpacted the growth of LbL films. With an increase in DMSO concentration\nfrom 0 to 60 vol %, polymer mass deposited within the bilayer increased,\nwhile larger DMSO concentrations suppressed film deposition. The effect\nof DMSO was also revealed in neutron reflectometry measurements, which\nshowed enhanced interpenetration of deuterated PMAA chains within\na hydrogenated LbL matrix at increasing concentration of DMSO. The\ndependence of film intermixing on DMSO content was strongly history\ndependent. While assembly of LbL films in aqueous solutions followed\nby exposure to a mixed solvent post-assembly did not significantly\ninfluence the internal film structure, the effect of DMSO on film\nintermixing was strongest when DMSO was present in the film deposition\nsolutions.
Discovering “the new normal” - TV-watching as social experience in the online era

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Introduction (part): The principal research question of this dissertation is: How is online viewing affecting TVwatching as a social experience? Television as a medium has a relatively short history compared \nto other entertainment industries such as radio or film. Yet, it has greatly impacted society since \nits popularization in the 1950’s. During its comparatively recent history, the medium and \nindustry have been one of the most rapidly changing mediums, evolving with every new \ntechnological advancement.
Scheduling refresher-based rescue and evacuation training for wind turbine technicians

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The adage “once trained, always trained” is a recognized myth. A look at the refresher skill training of wind technicians show that rescue and evacuation skills deteriorate over a period of time of non-practice. Therefore, the importance of safe and efficient rescue and evacuation of wind turbine technicians working at height cannot be over emphasized. An evaluation of the wind technicians’ skill and knowledge proficiency in the use of rescue and evacuation devices after acquisition indicates that poor retention of technician skill in the safe and procedural execution of a rescue during an emergency is a potential problem that is yet to be addressed. This research quantitatively assesses if wind turbine technicians are capable of retaining knowledge and skills learned over a 24 month period, evaluates pre-acquisition, acquisition and follow-up primary measurements at retention intervals of one and three months and proposes a refresher timeframe and benchmark performance that can maximize the proficiency level of technicians. Due to the infrequent nature of practically carrying out on-the-job rescue and evacuation roles, there is a likelihood of skill and knowledge decay in times of significant emergencies except where there is a support system available to the technicians. Possible solutions to overturn these problems are discussed based on the data obtained during the study. Draft results were used to propose a refresher timeframe and benchmark performance that can maximize the proficiency of technicians to an acceptable level as guidelines for management towards scheduling safe wind turbine rescue and evacuation training.
Multiple View Geometry For Video Analysis And Post-production

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Multiple view geometry is the foundation of an important class of computer vision techniques for simultaneous recovery of camera motion and scene structure from a set of images. There are numerous important applications in this area. Examples include video post-production, scene reconstruction, registration, surveillance, tracking, and segmentation. In video post-production, which is the topic being addressed in this dissertation, computer analysis of the motion of the camera can replace the currently used manual methods for correctly aligning an artificially inserted object in a scene. However, existing single view methods typically require multiple vanishing points, and therefore would fail when only one vanishing point is available. In addition, current multiple view techniques, making use of either epipolar geometry or trifocal tensor, do not exploit fully the properties of constant or known camera motion. Finally, there does not exist a general solution to the problem of synchronization of N video sequences of distinct general scenes captured by cameras undergoing similar ego-motions, which is the necessary step for video post-production among different input videos. This dissertation proposes several advancements that overcome these limitations. These advancements are used to develop an efficient framework for video analysis and post-production in multiple cameras. In the first part of the dissertation, the novel inter-image constraints are introduced that are particularly useful for scenes where minimal information is available. This result extends the current state-of-the-art in single view geometry techniques to situations where only one vanishing point is available. The property of constant or known camera motion is also described in this dissertation for applications such as calibration of a network of cameras in video surveillance systems, and Euclidean reconstruction from turn-table image sequences in the presence of zoom and focus. We then propose a new framework for the estimation and alignment of camera motions, including both simple (panning, tracking and zooming) and complex (e.g. hand-held) camera motions. Accuracy of these results is demonstrated by applying our approach to video post-production applications such as video cut-and-paste and shadow synthesis. As realistic image-based rendering problems, these applications require extreme accuracy in the estimation of camera geometry, the position and the orientation of the light source, and the photometric properties of the resulting cast shadows. In each case, the theoretical results are fully supported and illustrated by both numerical simulations and thorough experimentation on real data.
ANALISA DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI ENKRIPSI DATA DENGAN ALGORITMA VIGENERE CHIPER BERBASIS WEB

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cryptography is a field of knowledge that uses mathematical equations to perform encryption and decryption processes. This technique is used to convert data into certain codes, with the aim that the stored information cannot be read by anyone except those who have the right. In this study, a cryptography learning application was designed that implements encryption and decryption methods using the Vigenere cipher method. The results of the study are a cryptography learning application using the Vigenere cipher method that can encode secret messages and also help increase the understanding of users who want to learn about cryptography, especially the Vigenere cipher method.
Tetrathiafulvalene- (TTF-) Derived Oligopyrrolic Macrocycles

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

After the epochal discovery of the "organic metal", namely, tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)-7,7,8,8-tetracyano-p-quinodimethane (TCNQ) dyad in 1973, scientists have made efforts to derivatize TTF for constructing various supramolecular architectures to control the charge-transfer processes by adjusting the donor-acceptor strength of the dyads for numerous applications. The interesting inherent electronic donor properties of TTFs control the overall electrochemical properties of the supramolecular structures, leading to the construction of highly efficient optoelectronic materials, photovoltaic solar cells, organic field-effect transistors, and optical sensors. Modified TTF structures thus constitute promising candidates for the development of so-called "functional materials" that could see use in modern technological applications. The versatility of the TTF unit and the pioneering synthetic strategies that have been developed over the past few decades provide opportunities to tune the architecture and function for specific purposes. This review covers the "state of the art" associated with TTF-annulated oligopyrrolic macrocyclic compounds. Points of emphasis include synthesis, properties, and potential applications.
Estimating Technical Efficiency of Cotton Production in Yendi Municipality, Northern Ghana

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Agriculture remains the kin pin of most African economies, including Ghana. In recent times the contribution of non-traditional export crops, including cotton, to foreign exchange earnings in Ghana has been quite significant. The aim of this study was to explore the social, economic and environmental factors influencing cotton production in Yendi Municipality in Northern Ghana. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 91 small holder cotton farmers in 8 communities in the Municipality. The data was collected during the 2011/12 cropping season and fitted into Translog stochastic frontier model. The one-stage maximum likelihood estimation was used to obtain the efficiency levels as well as the determinants of such efficiency levels. A SWOT analysis was carried out to assess the sustainability or otherwise of the cotton industry in the study area. Individual farm level technical efficiency ranged between 0.70 and 0.99 with a mean of 0.88. This was as a result of the agricultural intensification system made possible by the cotton company, Armajaro Ghana Ltd. However, in order to reap the full benefits of commercializing cotton production in the region, both farmers and the cotton companies must keep to their contractual agreement; while the latter should supply the inputs timely and pay the farmers promptly, the former should use the inputs for the intended purposes and pay back promptly. Above all, there should be land reforms to make land available for the expansion of cotton farms.
Dynamic expectancies: The independent role of within-person change in outcome expectancy in predicting overall treatment outcomes in psychotherapy for depression

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

These findings highlight that dynamic changes in patients' outcome expectancy predict overall symptom improvement, independently of baseline expectancy. Integrating these findings within a broader framework of belief-updating in depression, we propose that expectancy change may inform treatment progression and serve as a therapeutic target. Implications for clinical practice and future work are discussed.
Proposal for an Er/sup 3+/-doped chalcogenide glass fiber upconversion laser operating at 980 nm and pumped at 1480 nm

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We propose a novel fiber upconversion laser operating at 980 nm and pumped at 1480 nm, which will allow remote optical pumping of erbium-doped optical amplifiers. From the measured spectroscopy, we show Er3+-doped gallium lanthanum sulphide glass to be a potential host for such a 1480nm/980nm upconversion laser. The small-signal gain is analyzed numerically and the lasing possibilities are discussed.