jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Access Barrier in Rural Older Adults’ Use of Pain Management and Palliative Care Services: A Systematic Review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Pain and symptom management is critical in ensuring quality of life for chronically ill older adults. However, while pain management and palliative care have steadily expanded in recent years, many underserved populations, such as rural older adults, experience barriers in accessing such specialty services, in part due to transportation issues. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the specific types of transportation-related barriers experienced by rural older adults in accessing pain and palliative care. Methods: Studies were searched through the following 10 databases: Abstracts in Social Gerontology, Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SocINDEX with Full Text, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Nursing & Allied Health Database, Sociological Abstracts, and PubMED. Studies were chosen for initial review if they were written in English, full text, included older adults in the sample, and examined pain/palliative care/hospice, rural areas, and transportation. A total of 174 abstracts were initially screened, 15 articles received full-text reviews and 8 met the inclusion criteria. Results: Findings of the 8 studies identified transportation-related issues as major access barrier to pain and palliative care among rural older adults: specifically, lack of public transportation; lack of wheelchair accessible vehicles; lack of reliable drivers; high cost of transportation services; poor road conditions; and remoteness to the closest pain and palliative care service providers. Conclusion: Results suggest that rural older adults have unique transportation needs due to the urban-centric location of pain and palliative care services. Implications for practice, policy and research with older adults are discussed.
Investigation of the Teachers’ Restraint and Satisfaction Perceptions in their Free Times

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this study it was intended to investigate the Boredom and satisfaction perceptions of the teachers who participate / do not participate in recreational activities during their leisure time in Konya. The screening model was used in the study. 330 questionnaire forms were distributed to the participants. As the result of the review, 300 of the questionnaires were found to be worth for analyzing after excluding those which were invalid due to the following reasons marking the same options or leaving the questionnaire incomplete. The information of 300 participants (46,7% male n=140, 53,3% female n=160) were taken into consideration. The Leisure Boredom Scale whose Turkish adaptation was made by Kara, Gürbüz and Öncü was used as data collection tool in the research. The boredom and satisfaction perceptions of the participants in their leisure time were evaluated in terms of the age, gender, income level and the frequency of participation. In the study significant difference was observed at the significance level in the leisure boredom perception according to variables age, gender and the frequency of participation. In terms of these variables significant difference was not observed in the satisfaction perceptions. On the contrary, in terms of the income level variable while significant difference wasn’t observed in the leisure boredom perception, in the satisfaction perception significant difference was observed. At the participation point of the educational administrators and teachers in leisure time activities contribution can be ensured to the satisfaction perception against the boredom with the necessary planning and implementing possibilities.
Pradimicin therapy of disseminated Candida tropicalis infection in the mouse

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

BMS 181184 (BMS), an analogue of pradimicin, was administered intravenously to neutropenic mice infected with either a fluconazole-susceptible or a fluconazole-resistant clinical isolate of Candida tropicalis. BMS prolonged survival at doses >3 mg kg -1 day-1, and at higher doses reduced tissue counts in mice. BMS was less potent mg for mg than amphotericin B. Combined BMS and amphotericin B were no more effective than either of the individual drugs.
Stars to the State and Beyond: Globalization, Identity, and Asian Popular Music

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Popular music is a dynamic portal through which to gain a greater understanding of a vast array of social phenomena within Asia. In particular, the power of pop to actively shape conceptions of self and inform the ways in which we interact with others at the individual, communal, and even national and transnational levels has taken center stage, but understanding just how these identities are formed through the performance of popular music is quite complex in the current global moment. Through comparison of recent scholarship covering diverse types of popular music throughout Asia, this article explores how identity formation is informed by an increasingly nuanced understanding of globalization. Moving from a most intimate sense to broad transnational and inter-ethnic contexts, it not only expands the concept of identity in Asia, but also reveals how the study of popular music in general can illuminate other social issues important to Asianists.
Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) After Traumatic Brain Injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The effects of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) on progression of traumatic brain injury (TBI) are unclear. Two hypotheses prevail: increased mean arterial pressure may improve cerebral perfusion, or cause cerebral edema due to elevated intracranial pressure. This study compares outcomes in hypotensive, blunt trauma patients with TBI treated with and without REBOA. Methods: A retrospective analysis compared hypotensive (systolic blood pressure [SBP] >90) blunt trauma patients with TBI treated with REBOA to those treated without. Patients with spontaneous circulation at admission and at initiation of aortic occlusion were included. Patients requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the emergency department (ED) were excluded. Radius matching used age, injury severity score (ISS), abbreviated injury score (AIS)head, and Glasgow coma score (GCS) and SBP at ED arrival. Results: Of 232 patients, 135 were treated with REBOA and 97 without. REBOA patients were older and had higher ISS, AIS-head, AIS-chest and AIS- extremity. There was no difference in TBI severity, and mortality. In the matched analysis (n = 76 REBOA, n = 54 non-REBOA), there was no difference in ISS, AIS-head, pre-hospital, ED, or discharge GCS, ED SBP, or mortality. Despite longer hospital stays for REBOA patients, there was no difference in intensive care unit length of stay, rate of discharge home, or discharge GCS. Conclusions: REBOA was used in more severely injured patients, but was not associated with higher mortality rate. REBOA should be considered for use in patients with non-compressible torso hemorrhage and concomitant TBI, as it did not increase mortality, and outcomes were similar to non-REBOA patients.
SH0933109.09FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Comment on wes-2021-73

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. While most physics involved in wind energy are nonlinear, linearization of the underlying nonlinear wind system equations is often important for understanding the system response and exploiting well-established methods and tools for analyzing linear systems. Linearized models are important for eigenanalysis (to derive structural natural frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes), controls design (based on linear state-space models), etc. In controls co-design, wherein methods often rely on linearized time-domain models of the physics, the physical structure (often called the plant) and controller are designed and optimized concurrently, so it is important to understand how changes to the physical design affect the linearized system. This work summarizes efforts done to understand the impact of design parameter variations in the physical system (e.g., mass, stiffness, geometry, and aerodynamic and hydrodynamic coefficients) on the linearized system using OpenFAST.
2157. Low Interferon-γ and Interleukin-13 Levels in the Respiratory Tract are Related to Life-threatening Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Previously Healthy Infants.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The mechanisms of interindividual susceptibility to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are not clearly understood. Viral load (VL), an exaggerated immune response or T-helper 2 (Th2) bias were postulated as playing a role in the severity of RSV infection. We aimed to analyze VL, cytokine profiles and their association with life-threatening disease (LTD). Methods Prospective cohort study including previously healthy full-term infants < 12 months old, hospitalized with a first RSV infection in 2017-2019. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were performed on admission to assess VL (by qRT-PCR) and cytokines levels (using a Bioplex panel). Cytokines were grouped according to their functional classification: proinflammatory (TNF-α), regulatory (interleukin [IL]-10), Th1 (interfereron-γ [IFN-γ]), Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13) and Th17 (IL-17a). Patients were defined to have LTD when required admittance to the intensive care units and ventilatory support. Results One hundred and nineteen patients were studied, 68 (57%) were male; median age was 3 months. Nineteen (16%) infants developed LTD, with no significant differences in socioeconomic, pregnancy and infant variables compared with other RSV cases. Virus subtypes were not related to LTD (p= 0.77). VL was not associated with LTD (p= 0.51). Patients with LTD had significantly lower levels of IFN-γ (mean 0.08 pg/ml [standard deviation -SD- 0.06] vs. 0.32 pg/ml [SD 0.4]; p= 0.001) and IL-13 (mean 0.03 pg/ml [SD 0.04] vs. 0.05 pg/ml [SD 0.07]; p= 0.02), fig 1. IFN-γ and IL-13 inversely correlated with days of hypoxemia (p< 0.001 and p= 0.002, respectively). VL, IFN-γ and IL-13 did not correlate with duration of symptoms before admission. No relationship was observed between IFN-γ, IL-13 and age, sex or breastfeeding. In 102 (86%) samples, IL-4 was under the limit of quantitation. TNF-α, IL-5, IL-9, IL-10 e IL-17a were not related to LTD. IFN-γ and interleukin-13 levels according to clinical outcome. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first study to relate low IL-13 levels to LTD in previously healthy infants. Patients with LTD had 4-fold lower levels of IFN-γ. The severity of RSV infection may be the result of a deficient immune response rather than a higher viral load or an overactive immune response. These findings provide additional evidence for the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures.
POLICY INQUIRY IN POSTPOSITIVIST PERSPECTIVE

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This essay contributes to the growing critique of policy science‘s dominant neopositivist methodologies. Not only is neopositivist policy science seen to have failed in its effort to develop a usable body of predictive generalizations, it has been unable to supply effective solutions to social problems. An important part of this failure is traced to outmoded epistemological assumptions. Drawing on developments in both science and the sociology of science, in particular the recognition that the “hard“ sciences themselves no longer rest on traditional concepts of objectivity and proof, the discussion outlines a postpositivist conception of policy science designed to address the multidimensional complexity of social reality. As a discursive orientation grounded in particular reason, the postpositivist approach situates empirical inquiry in a broader interpetive framework. More than just an epistemological alternative, the approach is offered as a better desciption of what social scientists actually do in practice. The essay closes with a brief discussion of the implications of a postpositivist approach for both a socially relevant policy curriculum and a democratic practice of policy inquiry.
Using perceptual difference model to improve GRAPPA reconstruction in MRI

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

GRAPPA is a popular reconstruction technique in parallel imaging. In GRAPPA, a least-squares technique is used to solve the over-determined equations and get the "fitting" coefficients for the reconstruction. We developed the Robust GRAPPA method whereby robust estimation techniques are used to estimate the coefficients with discounting of k-space data outliers. One implementation, Slow Robust GRAPPA used iteratively re-weighted techniques, and it was compared to an ad hoc Fast Robust GRAPPA implementation. We evaluated these new algorithms using the Perceptual Difference Model (PDM). PDM has already been successfully applied to a variety of MR applications. We systematically investigated independent variables including algorithm, outer reduction factor, total reduction factor, outlier ratio, and noise across multiple image datasets, giving 9000 images. We conclude that Fast Robust GRAPPA method gives results very similar to Slow Robust GRAPPA and that both give significant improvements as compared to standard GRAPPA. PDM is very helpful in designing and optimizing the MR reconstruction algorithms.
Protective Efficacy of the Epitope-Conjugated Antigen N-Tc52/TSkb20 in Mitigating Trypanosoma cruzi Infection through CD8+ T-Cells and IFNγ Responses

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, remains a major public health challenge affecting millions in Latin America and worldwide. Although significant progress has been made in vector control, no vaccine exists to prevent infection or mitigate disease pathogenesis. We developed a rationally designed chimeric protein vaccine, N-Tc52/TSkb20, incorporating immunodominant epitopes from two T. cruzi antigens, the amino-terminal portion of Tc52 and the TSkb20 epitope derived from trans-sialidase. The objectives of this study were to construct and characterize the antigen and evaluate its protective potential in an immunoprophylactic murine model of T. cruzi infection. The N-Tc52/TSkb20 protein was recombinantly expressed in E. coli and its identity was confirmed using mass spectrometry and Western blotting. Immunization with the chimeric protein significantly controlled parasitemia and reduced the heart, colon, and skeletal muscle parasite burdens compared to non-vaccinated mice. Protection was superior to vaccination with the individual parental antigen components. Mechanistically, the vaccine induced potent CD8+ T-cell and IFNγ responses against the incorporated epitopes and a protective IgG antibody profile. A relatively low IL-10 response favored early parasite control. These results validate the promising multi-epitope approach and support the continued development of this type of rational vaccine design strategy against Chagas disease.
Mysterious Symbols in the North: An Analysis of Scotland's Pictish Symbol Stones

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

During the Roman occupation and conquest of regions that today form England and Scotland, Roman generals and historians wrote of the people they found living in these frozen regions of the world. The Romans referred to these populations as Pictii or the 'painted people', but provided little information about them. Nearly two thousand years after the disappearance of any mention of Pictish culture, the rocks that they inscribed with symbols are found in the archaeological record and scholars wonder about the meaning of these symbols. The distribution of some common symbols throughout Scotland may help provide an answer. In this study I investigate several characteristics of Pictish symbols, their distribution, and relationships.
Localization of Transit-Oriented Development around China’s High-Speed Rail Stations: The Case of Jinan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

China's massive investment in urban rail presents opportunities for Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) around High-Speed Rail (HSR) stations. Transit-Oriented Development is regarded as an alternative growth model for urban sprawl, which reduces auto-trips, encourages transit usage and forms attractive neighborhoods. It is highly desirable because of the traffic congestion and air pollution in most Chinese cities. This thesis studies the challenges of integrating land use and transportation around HSR stations by analyzing Jinan West Station District. Evidence shows that TOD plans around HSR are struggling and the benefit of HSR is exaggerated. Housing prices fall after a rise. Speculation and low tenant quality causes the place to be deserted. Over a hundred plans were made for the West Station District but the market is not responding. It becomes a typical example of a public action that doesn't generate long-lasting market response.
Ruptured abdominal aneurysm subsequent to cystic medial necrosis: a case report.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The majority of abdominal aortic aneurysms are the result of atherosclerosis. Cystic medial necrosis is a pathologic finding classically associated with thoracic aortic dissection, particularly in patients with Marfan's syndrome. The presence of cystic medial necrosis in other segments of the aorta or its branches is unusual. We report a case of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm in a 38-year-old woman without Marfan's syndrome.
Murder and the Control of Aggression

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Building on the identification by Megargee, et al. ( 1967) of cwo kinds of murderers (overcontrolled and undercontrolled), it was predicted that ( a ) from a psychoanalytic point of view, overcontrolled murderers should be more depressed and suicidal than undercontrolled murderers and ( b ) from Eysenck's theory of crime (1964), overcontrolled murderers should be more introverted than undercontrolled murderers. To test these predictions, 35 male murderers from a state penitentiary were given the Zung (1765) self-rating depression scale, the Maudsley Personality Inventory (Jensen, 1958), and the Megargee, et nl. hostility concrol scale (which he devised to assess the dimension of over versus undercontrol of hostile impulses). Neither prediction was confirmed: control of hostility scores were not related to depression scores (product-moment r = -0.23), extraversion scores (product-moment r = -0.10), or to prior suicidal behavior (point biserial r -0.29). In addition, scores on the hostility concrol scale were not related co age (product-moment r = -0.04), IQ (product-moment r = 0.01), years in jail (product-momenc r = 0.03), neuroticism scores (product-moment r = -0.1 1 ) , Lie scale scores (product-moment 7 = 0.02), race (point biserial r = 0.19), or to prior felony convictions (poinc biserial r = -0.08). When Ss whose Lie scores were less than three (out of a possible score of 20) were considered separately, the resulrs remained essentially unchanged. The results of the present study indicated that overcontrolled murderers did noc differ from the undercontrolled murderers in the predicted manner. Megargee's notion char murderers are extreme in their concrol of hostilicy was noc borne out by these data: the range of scores was unimodal racher than bimodal, [hereby casting doubt upon the basic notion or upon Megargee's operational measure of hostility control.
The Association of Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation with Hypertensive Retinopathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a marker of systemic low-grade inflammation. The pathophysiologic mechanism of hypertensive retiopathy (HR) is not fully established. Elevated blood pressure (BP) alone does not fully account for the extent of retinopathy, other pathogenic mechanisms may be involved, such as low-grade inflammation. Therefore, this study was designed to answer the following questions. (i) Do hs-CRP levels change in HR? (ii) Is there any relation between degree of HR and hs-CRP levels? This study included 84 hypertensive patients with HR. The hypertensive patients were divided into two groups according to the Keith-Wagener classification. Group 1 comprised 42 patients with grade I HR, and Group 2 comprised 42 patients with grade II HR. We selected 42 healthy subjects matched for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) for control group. The level of hs-CRP in group 2 was significantly higher than in group 1 group (p = 0.018) and control group (p = 0.001), it was also higher in group 1 than in control group (p = 0.002). Also, hs-CRP showed positive correlations with degree of HR (r = 0.29, p = 0.017). Our study suggests that there is a relationship between HR and hs-CRP levels, which may be associated with systemic low- grade inflammation.
Tissue-resident memory T cell reactivation by diverse antigen-presenting cells imparts distinct functional responses

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) are poised at the portals of infection and provide long-term protective immunity. Despite their critical roles, the precise mechanics governing TRM cell reactivation in situ are unknown. Using a TCR-transgenic Nur77-GFP reporter to distinguish “antigen-specific” from “bystander” reactivation, we demonstrate that lung CD8+ TRM cells are reactivated more quickly, yet less efficiently, than their counterparts in the draining LNs (TLN cells). Global profiling of reactivated memory T cells revealed tissue-defined and temporally regulated recall response programs. Unlike the reactivation of CD8+ TLN cells, which is strictly dependent on CD11c+XCR1+ APCs, numerous antigen-presenting partners, both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic, were sufficient to reactivate lung CD8+ TRM cells, but the quality of TRM cell functional responses depended on the identity of the APCs. Together, this work uncovers fundamental differences in the activation kinetics, mechanics, and effector responses between CD8+ memory T cells in peripheral vs. lymphoid organs, revealing a novel tissue-specific paradigm for the reactivation of memory CD8+ T cells.