jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Use and Key Predictors for the Use of Wearable Health Care Devices by US Adults: Insights from a National Survey (Preprint)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND

Despite the growing popularity of wearable health care devices (from fitness trackes such as Fitbit to smartwatches such as Apple Watch and more sophisticated devices that can collect information on metrics such as blood pressure, glucose levels, and oxygen levels), we have a limited understanding about the actual use and key factors affecting the use of these devices by US adults.

OBJECTIVE

The main objective of this study was to examine the use of wearable health care devices and the key predictors of wearable use by US adults.

METHODS

Using a national survey of 4551 respondents, we examined the usage patterns of wearable health care devices (use of wearables, frequency of their use, and willingness to share health data from a wearable with a provider) and a set of predictors that pertain to personal demographics (age, gender, race, education, marital status, and household income), individual health (general health, presence of chronic conditions, weight perceptions, frequency of provider visits, and attitude towards exercise), and technology self-efficacy using logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS

About 30% (1266/4551) of US adults use wearable health care devices. Among the users, nearly half (47.33%) use the devices every day, with a majority (82.38% weighted) willing to share the health data from wearables with their care providers. Women (16.25%), White individuals (19.74%), adults aged 18-50 years (19.52%), those with some level of college education or college graduates (25.60%), and those with annual household incomes greater than US $75,000 (17.66%) were most likely to report using wearable health care devices. We found that the use of wearables declines with age: Adults aged &gt;50 years were less likely to use wearables compared to those aged 18-34 years (odds ratios [OR] 0.46-0.57). Women (OR 1.26, 95% CI 0.96-1.65), White individuals (OR 1.65, 95% CI 0.97-2.79), college graduates (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.31-3.51), and those with annual household incomes greater than US $75,000 (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.39-4.86) were more likely to use wearables. US adults who reported feeling healthier (OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.98-1.39), were overweight (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.06-1.27), enjoyed exercise (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.06-1.43), and reported higher levels of technology self-efficacy (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.21-1.46) were more likely to adopt and use wearables for tracking or monitoring their health.

CONCLUSIONS

The potential of wearable health care devices is under-realized, with less than one-third of US adults actively using these devices. With only younger, healthier, wealthier, more educated, technoliterate adults using wearables, other groups have been left behind. More concentrated efforts by clinicians, device makers, and health care policy makers are needed to bridge this divide and improve the use of wearable devices among larger sections of American society.
Intrinsic Viscosity and Reducing Sugar Profiles of Degraded Glucomannan using Cellulase

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract High viscosity of glucomannan has been limit its applications. Hence, the long polysaccharide glucomannan which consists of β-linked glucoses and mannoses needs to be degraded to broaden its utilizations. Enzymatic degradation is known as a safe method for food material treatment. Specifically targeting at 1,4-β-D-glycosidic linkages, cellulase has potential as a cleavage for glucomannan. This work aimed to study performance of cellulase in degrading glucomannan. The change in intrinsic viscosity and reducing sugar during degradation was observed. Degradation of 1% glucomannan by 20 ppm cellulase for 300 min decreased the viscosity from 12,420 to 353 cps. This degradation was also confirmed by the increase of reducing sugar amount from 1,238.57 to 8,510.00 µg/ml. This work showed the success of glucomannan degradation by cellulase.
Low Power Comparator Design -A Review

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

One of the most important analog circuits required in many analog integrated circuits is comparator. It is used for the comparison between two same or different electrical signals. The Comparator design becomes an important issue when design technology is scaled down. Due to the non-linear behaviour of threshold voltage (VT) when design technology is scaled down, performance of Comparator is most affected. Many versions of comparator are proposed to achieve desirable output in sub-micron and deep sub-micron design technologies. The selection of particular topology is dependent upon the requirements and applications of the design. Low power circuit design has emerged as a principal theme in today’s electronics industry. In this paper comparator architecture their design parameter, study about offset voltage and sources of power and their estimation and reduction technique are discussed. This paper help the practising engineers/ beginners in this field, able to know what are the significant parameters to design low power dynamic latched comparator and its use in various applications.
Management of Non-Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) with Driver Gene Alterations: An Evolving Scenario

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The ever-growing knowledge regarding NSCLC molecular biology has brought innovative therapies into clinical practice; however, the treatment situation in the non-metastatic setting is rapidly evolving. Indeed, immunotherapy-based perioperative treatments are currently considered the standard of care for patients with resectable NSCLC in the absence of EGFR mutations or ALK gene rearrangements. Recently, data have been presented on the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the adjuvant and locally advanced setting for patients with NSCLC harboring such driver gene alterations. The aim of the current work is to review the available evidence on the use of targeted treatments in the non-metastatic setting, together with a summary of the ongoing trials designed for actionable gene alterations other than EGFR and ALK. To date, 3-year adjuvant osimertinib treatment has been demonstrated to improve DFS and OS and to reduce CNS recurrence in resected EGFR-mutated NSCLC in stage IB–IIIA (TNM 7th edition). The use of osimertinib after chemo-radiation in stage III unresectable EGFR-mutated NSCLC showed the relevant PFS improvement. In the ALK-positive setting, 2-year alectinib treatment was shown to clearly improve DFS compared to adjuvant standard chemotherapy in resected NSCLC with stage IB (≥4 cm)–IIIA (TNM 7th edition). Several trials are ongoing to establish the optimal adjuvant TKI treatment duration, as well as neoadjuvant TKI strategies in EGFR- and ALK-positive disease, and (neo)adjuvant targeted treatments in patients with actionable gene alterations other than EGFR or ALK. In conclusion, our review depicts how the current treatment scenario is expected to rapidly change in the context of non-metastatic NSCLC with actionable gene alterations, hence appropriate molecular testing from the early stages has become crucial to establish the most adequate approaches both in the perioperative and the locally advanced disease.
A Collaborative Learning Design for Promoting and Analyzing Adaptive Motivation and Emotion Regulation in the Science Classroom

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The aim of this paper is to introduce our current research design to study socially shared regulation processes in a science classroom where a collaborative learning design is implemented. The design is based on a self-regulated learning framework that provides opportunities and support for self-initiated regulation among individual learners and collaborative groups. It utilizes modern technology to structure and support regulated learning in the groups. The paper focuses on elaborating the research design, particularly from the perspective of motivation and emotion, by presenting the dual relationship between designing learning scenario that supports learners' motivation and emotion regulation with technology and researching the multifaceted role of motivation and emotion as they occur in collaborative learning. To do this, the paper first describes the entire collaborative learning design while paying attention to how technology can be utilized to support the awareness of motivation, emotion, and their regulation. Then, the focus shifts to considering the methodological principles and implementation of multimodal data gathered in relation to authentic collaborative learning tasks. A case example from a secondary school science classroom demonstrates possibilities for multimodal data use in analyzing motivation, emotion, and their regulation in collaborative learning. It also illustrates the dual role of the implemented technological 6Q support tool by showing how data collected from the students' use of the tool can be utilized in scientific analysis. The paper concludes by providing a short discussion about the current advancements of emerging technology in motivation and emotion research in the learning sciences highlighting the significance of sharing the theoretical premises of the research design as well as practical experiences from implementation of these designs for future research.
Populations Addressed in Vaccines Approved via the European Medicines Agency

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Therapeutic and prophylactic agents require robust evidence before patient use. Randomized controlled trials are essential for evaluating safety and efficacy but often exclude specific populations that are also targets for the intervention. This study assessed which populations are included in vaccine registration studies and/or addressed in label indications, and if special populations are considered at any point in the regulatory life cycle of vaccines approved in the European Union. We analyzed product labels, pivotal studies, risk management plans, and post‐authorization studies for all vaccines centrally approved via the European Medicines Agency between 2012 and 2022. For the 31 vaccines approved, we identified 90 pivotal studies supporting initial marketing authorizations and 46 studies supporting product revisions. At the end of our follow‐up, 27 vaccines (87%) were approved for adults, 19 (68%) for pediatric patients, 3 (11%) were recommended for pregnant populations, 4 (14%) for breastfeeding populations, and 7 (23%) for immunocompromised populations. Pregnant, breastfeeding, and immunocompromised individuals were rarely included in studies supporting regulatory actions. We observed a slight increase in the inclusion of special populations in post‐marketing studies, yet this had limited impact on product indications or information availability on labels. Pivotal studies supporting vaccine registrations were also highly selective and predominantly conducted in high‐income settings. These findings highlight significant variations in how different populations are considered during vaccine development and by regulators. Greater inclusion of special populations in the evidence‐generation chain is essential to ensure that vaccines respond to unmet medical needs equitably.
Inflammatory bowel disease-associated spondyloarthropathies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This issue presents a symposium held in Messina talking about inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and associated spondyloarthropathies. The topic covers epidemiology and clinical manifestations of IBD-related arthropathies, common genetic and immunologic features, combined therapies for gut and joint inflammation, and future biologic therapies etc. I believe this series of articles will deeply facilitate understanding of and the approach to IBD and associated arthropathies.
Content analysis of science text books by senior secondary school teachers in Uttar Pradesh

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Teachers occupy an important role in executing or implementing the curriculum. Text books are the major sources of obtaining knowledge and information regarding any subject. Teaching of science at secondary school level includes subjects like Physics, Chemistry and Biology. The present study is an attempt in doing content analysis of science text books on the basis of opinion of senior secondary school teachers. Findings of the study are based on the basis of the questionnaires given to them containing items related to science text books. In the end conclusions and suggestions are given.
Efficacy and safety of bevacizumab in combination with oxaliplatin, irinotecan and fluoropyrimidine-based therapy in advanced colorectal cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Bevacizumab is an anti-VEGF, humanized mAb that is the most advanced agent of its class in clinical development. Several studies have examined bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy in the first- and second-line settings in patients with metastatic CRC. Despite of that, there is lack of information concerning the extent to which bevacizumab can be used to treat metastatic CRC. We still need more evidence related to efficacy and safety of bevacizumab in different settings, or sequential treatments. The aim of this study was to investigate efficacy and safety of bevacizumab added to different chemotherapy in patients with metastatic CRC. Methods: This was a controlled, prospective, multicentre, cohort study. Thirty patients with advanced colorectal cancer were enrolled into this study. Bevacizumab was applied with oxaliplatin-, irinotecan-, 5FU- or capecitabine -based chemotherapy in the first-, second- or third-therapy lines. Totally 261 cycles were applied. The median number of applied cycles per patient was 8 (range 2-16). Results: Objective tumor response (RR) was seen in 11 patients 37% (95%CI 19-69%) calculated on an intention-to-treat basis. The median duration of response was 12 months. Three of 11 patients (27%) with PR had secondary surgery. RR was seen in 9 of 16 patients (56%) who received bevacizumab in the first-line treatment and in 2 of 14 patients (14%) who received therapy in the second+ lines (p=0.02). Clinical benefit (PR+SD) was seen in 22 (74%) patients. 75% of patients achieved clinical benefit in the first-line and 74% in the second+ chemotherapy lines. The median time to progression (TTP) of the patients is was 9 + months (95%CI 7 - + ?) at the moment of this analysis. The median TTP of patients who received bevacizumab in the first line was 11 months (95%CI 8 - + ?). The median TTP of patients who received bevacizumab in the second+ lines was 5.5 months (95%CI 4 - + ?) (p=0.015). The median survival time (OS) for all patients was 9 + months (95%CI 7 - + ?). The median OS at the moment of analysis was 11 months (95%CI 9 - + ?) for patients receiving bevacizumab in the first line, and 7 months for patients receiving the drug in the second+ lines (95%CI 6 - + ?) (p=0.024). The incidence of any toxicity grade 3-4 was less than 10%. Bevacizumab associated incidence of grade 3-4 side effects did not exceed 5%. Hypertension 5% and thromboembolism 5% were the most frequent events. Gastrointestinal perforation did not occur. There was one toxic death due to sepsis and not directly associated with bevacizumab toxicity. Conclusion: Bevacizumab can safely be added to different chemotherapeutic regimens in first- and second+ line. The conferred benefit in overall survival, TTP and response rate obviously requires randomized trials.
Smart Thermal Management for Heterogeneous Multicores

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Heterogeneous multicores have attracted a major focus in recent years, as they provide many possibilities for performance improvements. However, due to the discontinuation of Dennard scaling, on-chip power densities are continuously increasing along with technology scaling, and hence on-chip temperatures are elevated. Therefore, several thermal management techniques have emerged to keep the temperature of the chip within safe limits. These techniques, however, lead to performance losses which ultimately erase a big portion of the expected performance gains from the heterogeneous multicores. Thus, it is indispensable to deploy thermal management techniques that are able to make efficient decisions which satisfy temperature constraints while at the same time maximizing the performance. This paper presents smart thermal management techniques for heterogeneous multicores that exploit relevant information about several heterogeneity parameters at the chip level and at the application level to increase thermal efficiency 1 . Compared to the state of the art, the presented techniques are able to obtain significant performance improvements under the same thermal constraint.This paper is part of the DATE 2019 special session on "Smart Resource Management and Design Space Exploration for Heterogeneous Processors". The other two papers of this special session are [1] and [2].
Blunting of the immediate-early gene and mitogenic response in hepatectomized type 1 diabetic animals

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Studies suggest that liver regeneration is delayed in insulin-deficient animals, but defining a role of insulin as a growth factor in hepatic regeneration has remained elusive. By examining gene expression of hepatectomized liver in type 1 diabetic BB rats, we have identified dramatic changes in the expression of primary or immediate-early growth response genes compared with normal animals. These include altered expression of insulin-regulated genes such as glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and beta-actin, and genes such as CL-6 and map kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) that were previously unlinked to insulin action in animals. Abnormal elevation of mRNAs encoding G-6-Pase, MKP-1, and PEPCK in the time 0 diabetic liver results in decreased induction after partial hepatectomy. Other genes, such as CL-6 and beta-actin, are induced at a lower level in the hepatectomized diabetic animals. The net effect is a blunting of the immediate-early gene response after partial hepatectomy in diabetic animals. As determined by DNA synthesis assays, the regenerative capacity of insulin-deficient BB diabetic livers is reduced, and this defect is corrected at least in part by insulin therapy. These findings suggest that because of insulin deficiency, common intracellular signaling pathways that are required for both metabolism and mitogenesis are aberrant in the type 1 diabetic liver and, as a result, the regenerative response is deficient.
Natural Immunity to Measles, Rubella and Mumps among Spanish Children in the Pre-Vaccination Era

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Prior to the start of mass vaccination campaigns against measles, rubella and mumps, a prevalence study of natural immunity to these diseases was undertaken in a sample of 1700 unvaccinated Spanish children. They were representative of the 3-7 year-old population in terms of age, regional distribution and urban or rural environment. Measles infection prevalence was significantly higher than that for rubella and mumps from 3 (48.3%, 14.2%, 25.5%, respectively) through 7 years of age, (64%, 40.9%, 39%). As a function of age, naturally-acquired immunity increased according to parabolic progressions. In the 3-5 year-old group, rural environment, low socioeconomic status, no school attendance and lack of brothers were associated with statistically lower levels of measles, rubella, or mumps infection. In the 6-7 year-old group, only 12% of the children showed antibodies against the three diseases and 18.7% exhibited triple susceptibility.
[Experience with transabdominal and scrotal ultrasonographic examination in urology].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To evaluate its diagnostic availability in urology, transabdominal and scrotal ultrasonographic examination was made on 87 patients who had been admitted to our hospital for space occupying lesions. In retroperitoneal lesions, adrenal tumors and renal tumors greater than 2.5 cm could be detected by this examination. In pelvic lesions, bladder tumors greater than 0.5 cm were demonstrated and prostatic carcinoma with heterogeneous echotexture and irregular margin was discriminated from BPH. Not only could fluid-filled scrotal lesions larger than 1.0 cm be distinguished from solid mass lesions, but the intrascrotal anatomy could also be demonstrated in detail. Because of its safety, flexibility, and accuracy in detecting space occupying lesions, this examination could be a useful screening test in urology. Representative cases we experienced are presented.
Transformer based multimodal similarity search method for E-Commerce platforms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Multimodal similarity search has been attracting much attention from scholars in recent times. The intensification of research into Multimodal search lies in the motive to understand the context of the multiple modes associated with the data and the interdependency of these modes. Multimodal data can be in the form of audio, video, images, texts, and any combination of them. For relevant extraction of features from them can take too much time and thus it may cause the whole process of learning the features and searching for them time-consuming. In this work, a deep neural network uses Convolutional neural network and Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers to learn features from text and image data. A K nearest neighbor a long with KD Tree has been used to search for similar image-text pairs. Evaluations based on several image-text multimodal retrieval procedures show the effectiveness of the proposed multimodal search method and its higher speed performance compared to existing algorithms.
Developing pediatric dentistry skills in a virtual world

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Traditional training in dental education often requires the presence of human beings as objects for practicing. When it comes to pediatric dentistry, obtaining children patients for educational purposes may be a problem, due to ethical reasons. Multiuser virtual worlds offer the capability of creating interactive learning simulations. Second Life is a platform that can support such type of simulation, letting its users build virtual objects and add interactivity to them, including motion, with the use of a procedural scripting language, the Linden Scripting Language. We present a 3D simulation created in Second Life intending to aid dental students in acquiring skills on child behavior management. Sounds and motion have been incorporated to the models allowing a more vivid interaction. Our scenario depicts the first visit of a mother and her young daughter to the dentist, who in our case is the student. The story unfolds using multiple-choice questions interactions, based on pediatric dentistry and psychology techniques. A correct answer will help the student to earn the child's trust and complete the examination, while a wrong one will reveal hints. We aim to make this simulation freely available to dental students and to further expand it by adding a variety of educational scenarios.