jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[A Case of Roux-en-Y Loop Reconstruction Using a Modified Aboral Pouch Technique for Y-Limb Obstruction Following Distal Gastrectomy].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 53-year-old man underwentdistal gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y(R-Y)reconstruction for gastric cancer. An R-Y anastomosis was performed usinga 21mm circular stapler. Five years postoperatively, he visited our hospital with anorexia. An abdominal computed tomography scan showed dilatation of the afferent loop. He was diagnosed with afferent loop syndrome due to R-Y anastomotic stenosis that resulted in poor oral intake and malnutrition. A U-shaped bend created by an adhesion caused a bowel obstruction of the Y-anastomotic site for which the patient underwent R-Y loop reconstruction with an aboral pouch usinga 60mm linear stapler. He has been well without postoperative complaints. Here, we report a case of R-Y loop reconstruction with an aboral pouch for afferent loop obstruction complicated by stenosis of the Y-anastomotic site after distal gastrectomy.
Adaptive attribute selection for configurator design via Shapley value

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Configurators have been generally accepted as important tools to elicit customers' needs and find the matches between customers' requirements and company's offerings. With product configurators, product design is reduced to a series of selections of attribute values. However, it has been acknowledged that customers are not patient enough to configure a long list of attributes. Therefore, making every round of configuring process productive and hence reducing the number of inputs from customers are of substantial interest to academic and industry alike. In this paper, we present an efficient product configuration approach by incorporating Shapley value, which is a concept used in game theory, to estimate the usefulness of each attribute in the configurator design. This new method iteratively selects the most relevant attribute that can contribute most in terms of information content from the remaining pool of unspecified attributes. As a result from product providers' perspective, each round of configuration can best narrow down the choices with given amount of time. The selection of the next round query is based on the customer's decision on the previous rounds. The interactive process thus runs in an adaptive manner that different customers will have different query sequences. The probability ranking principle is also exploited to give product recommendation to truncate the configuration process so that customers will not be burdened with trivial selection of attributes. Analytical results and numerical examples are also used to exemplify and demonstrate the viability of the method.
Internationalization strategies for services: a retrospective

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose This paper aims to evaluate the findings first put forward in the article “Internationalization strategies for services” (Grönroos, 1999) with the benefit of hindsight and to offer directions for further research and developments in this research area. Design/methodology/approach Research directions spurred by the publication of the original article are examined in the light of current service(s) marketing theory and practice and the development of digitalization and Internet and mobile technologies. Promising current and future strands of research are identified. Findings The originally suggested modes of internationalization seem to remain valid. However, digitalization and the development of Internet and mobile technologies have enabled new ways of internationalizing which enable offering services globally from the establishment of a firm. Originality/value The original article was highly rated, generated discussion and drove important further research. It has value in the history of service(s) marketing research. This retrospective analysis by the author gives unique insight into the processes and thinking associated with understanding key factors which have contributed to the historical development of service(s) marketing and provides substantial directions for future research.
Internal quality control of hormone determinations by RIA. Detection of clinically significant analytical errors of serum thyroxine determination.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An internal quality control system by which clinically significant analytical errors can be detected with high probability was developed for serum thyroxine (T4) determination by RIA. The mean concentration of the quality control samples (C1, C2, and C3) were 40.0, 101.8, and 156.7 nmol/l, and their total standard deviations (st) 2.5, 4.1, and 7.1 nmol/l, respectively, in stable analytical performance of the T4 assay. From the clinical point of view it was accepted that the results of C1 varied from 30 to 50 nmol/l at the most. When expressed in standard deviations, the same size of error was accepted for C2 and C3. It followed that the quality control system had to detect a systematic shift of 2.43st (delta SEc) and a 2.08 times increase in random error (delta REc) in order that the quality goals could be reached. With three control samples the combination of rules, 1: 3s/CS1: (1.0s; 2.7s), which was chosen for manual quality control, detected the delta SEc with about an 80% probability and the delta REc with about a 30% probability. The probability of false rejections was less than 1%. The probability of detecting the delta SEc was considered acceptable, but to detect the delta REc with a higher probability, the within-assay variation of each run was calculated from the results of duplicate patient samples. Although the whole run was not rejected because of systematic and/or random errors, individual samples were reanalysed if the results of their duplicate determinations differed from the criteria stated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Generation of Red-Shifted Cameleons for Imaging Ca2+ Dynamics of the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cameleons are sophisticated genetically encoded fluorescent probes that allow quantifying cellular Ca2+ signals. The probes are based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between terminally located fluorescent proteins (FPs), which move together upon binding of Ca2+ to the central calmodulin myosin light chain kinase M13 domain. Most of the available cameleons consist of cyan and yellow FPs (CFP and YFP) as the FRET pair. However, red-shifted versions with green and orange or red FPs (GFP, OFP, RFP) have some advantages such as less phototoxicity and minimal spectral overlay with autofluorescence of cells and fura-2, a prominent chemical Ca2+ indicator. While GFP/OFP- or GFP/RFP-based cameleons have been successfully used to study cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ signals, red-shifted cameleons to visualize Ca2+ dynamics of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) have not been developed so far. In this study, we generated and tested several ER targeted red-shifted cameleons. Our results show that GFP/OFP-based cameleons due to miss-targeting and their high Ca2+ binding affinity are inappropriate to record ER Ca2+ signals. However, ER targeted GFP/RFP-based probes were suitable to sense ER Ca2+ in a reliable manner. With this study we increased the palette of cameleons for visualizing Ca2+ dynamics within the main intracellular Ca2+ store.
The role of the spleen in "autoimmune" blood disorders.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Several immune-mediated blood disorders in both children and adults have findings compatible with an autoimmune etiology, although the autoantigen in most instances is not clearly established. In the present report, we review briefly the clinical features of immune hemolytic anemia, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, and immune neutropenia in children and discuss the possible pathogenetic mechanisms based on present experimental and clinical observations. The role of the spleen in the pathophysiology of these disorders is emphasized.
The right ventricle to pulmonary artery connection: when homografts are not always available.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aortic or pulmonary homografts are currently the most popular conduits for correction of right ventricle to pulmonary artery (RV-PA) discontinuity. Problems of nonavailability or limited supply in developing countries, however, necessitate recourse to other forms of repair. Forty-nine patients of 72 with RV-PA discontinuity underwent repair without use of a homograft at our institution over a 5-year period. Handmade pericardial valved conduits (n = 18), nonvalved tubes (n = 13), and nonconduit procedures like the REV operation (n = 11) and extended pericardial gusset (n = 5) were mainly used. The choice of procedure was governed by various factors including type of cardiac defect, pulmonary artery pressure and morphology, previous operation, and socioeconomic constraints. Extracardiac conduits do not provide a permanent solution to the problem of RV-PA discontinuity, and efforts to innovate and refine nonconduit procedures must continue.
Upside down images of longitudinal sections of the distal ends of two femora.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>A–C: large specimen GPIT/RE/3518, A – Overview under normal light. The foam-like patches at the distal (here upper) edge consist of calcified cartilage partially divided by trabecular bone. B – Magnification of the upper centre of A under normal light. C – Magnification of the upper centre of B under normal light. The bubbles of calcified cartilage cells are well distinguishable from the osteocyte lacunae within the trabecular bone. D–F: Small specimen GZG.V 6379, D – Overview under normal light. The pads of calcified cartilage reach deeper into the specimen than in A. Trabecular bone is well ossified in the lower centre but there are already centres of ossification close to the distal (here upper) surface. E – Magnification of the lower centre of D. Isolated clusters of calcified cartilage are still present (arrows). F – Magnification of the upper centre of D showing trabecular bone under development and isolated remains of calcified cartilage within bone (arrow). Scale bars = 1 mm in A, D. Scale bars = 500 µm in B, E–F. Scale bars = 200 µm in C.</p>
The role of Delta-like 1 shedding in muscle cell self-renewal and differentiation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

1. 1. Sun D., 2. et al.
2008. J. Cell Sci. doi:10.1242/jcs.035493
[OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2]

[1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJ.%2BCell%2BSci.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1242%252Fjcs.035493%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F18957511%26rft.genre%
Reviewed by:

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Deterioration of motor and cognitive performance with advancing age is well documented, but its cause remains unknown. Animal studies dating back to the late 1970s reveal that ageassociated neurocognitive changes are linked to age-dependent changes in synaptic plasticity, including alterations of long-term potentiation and depression (LTP and LTD). Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques enable measurement of LTP- and LTD-like mechanisms of plasticity, in vivo, in humans, and may thus provide valuable insights. We examined the effects of a 40-s train of continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) to the motor cortex (600 stimuli, three pulses at 50 Hz applied at a frequency of 5 Hz) on cortico-spinal excitability as measured by the motor evoked potentials (MEPs) induced by single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation before and after cTBS in the contralateral first dorsal interosseus muscle. Thirty-six healthy individuals aged 19–81 years old were studied in two sites (Boston, USA and Barcelona, Spain). The findings did not differ across study sites. We found that advancing age is negatively correlated with the duration of the effect of cTBS (r = −0.367; p = 0.028) and the overall amount of corticomotor
Dynamic-Method of Measuring Non-Ionizing Radiation for Mobile Communications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a method of measuring non-ionizing radiation known as the "dynamic method" for mobile communications services. This method allows to reduce the time of the measurement process by up to 85% reaching reliability levels higher than 90%. For this purpose, multiple measurement campaigns have been carried out in the 700, 1900 and 2600 MHz bands. In each measurement campaign, the standardized static-method and the dynamic-method were simultaneously carried out. Then, the dynamic-method is calibrated using a fitting equation that reduces the impact of vehicle speed and the time-space adjustment of Non-Ionizing Radiation (NIR) measurements.
Spatiality, Simulation and the Limits of the Technological Imagination

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Although written in the early days of digital simulation, artificial intelligence and design, the essay addresses the fundamental issue, still relevant. Aimed at the hypothesis that 'corporeal involvement can be substituted by involvement in a virtual reality through skilful imitation of our intellectual abilities', Vesely first treats the matter through the mathematical imagination (Gauss) and psychosomatics (inverted vision), and then proceeds to set technological or instrumental thinking alongside embodied knowledge, using architecture as his leading example. This leads to the speculation that the simulation of embodied spatiality represents technology striving to understand the conditions of its own possibilities, 'the ambiguous nature of the technologically constructed illusion of wholeness'.
A Model for Birdwatching and other Chronological Sampling Activities

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In many real life situations one has m types of random events happening in chronological order within a time interval and one wishes to predict various milestones about these events or their subsets. An example is birdwatching. Suppose we can observe up to m different types of birds during a season. At any moment a bird of type i is observed with some probability. There are many natural questions a birdwatcher may have: how many observations should one expect to perform before recording all types of birds? Is there a time interval where the researcher is most likely to observe all species? Or, what is the likelihood that several species of birds will be observed at overlapping time intervals? Our paper answers these questions using a new model based on random interval graphs. This model is a natural follow up to the famous coupon collector’s problem.
Transdermal nitroglycerin (Transiderm-Nitro) in the treatment of unstable angina pectoris.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Eighteen patients, 13 male and five female, with unstable angina pectoris and who had greater than or equal to 3 anginal attacks/day despite treatment with beta- and/or Ca-blockers were treated for three days with transdermal nitroglycerin (Transiderm-Nitro 25 mg/24 hours) in a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. A significant reduction of anginal attacks (p = 0.03) was demonstrated only during the first day of treatment. The lack of significant effects during the following two days was ascribed partly to the possible development of nitrate-tolerance, partly to a declining number of anginal attacks in the placebo-group during the trial period, for which reason the difference between the actively treated and the placebo group became smaller and finally the consumption of nicomorphine was considerably greater in the placebo group.
Mitochondrial disease: mimics and chameleons

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Mitochondrial diseases are inherited disorders of oxidative phosphorylation that present with a multitude of clinical features in different combinations and with various inheritance patterns. To complicate the issue further, the clinical features of mitochondrial disorders overlap with common neurological and non-neurological diseases. This presents a diagnostic challenge: when is a rare mitochondrial disease responsible for a more ‘common or garden’ neurological presentation, and how often are neurologists missing them in routine clinical practice? Here, we briefly review some common clinical features associated with mitochondrial disease, and provide some clues as to how patients with these mitochondrial disorders might be identified. We discuss both ‘chameleons’—mitochondrial disorders that may look like something else, and ‘mimics’—other conditions that may clinically resemble mitochondrial disease. The diagnosis sometimes needs highly specialised tests, but the advent of ‘next generation’ sequencing will simplify the clinical approach over the next few years.
LOESS smoothed density estimates for multivariate survival data subject to censoring and masking

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Actuaries often encounter censored and masked survival data when constructing multiple-decrement tables. In this paper, we propose estimators for the cause-specific failure time density using LOESS smoothing techniques that are employed in the presence of left-censored data, while still allowing for right-censored and exact observations, as well as masked causes of failure. The smoothing mechanism is incorporated as part of an expectation-maximisation algorithm. The proposed models are applied to a bivariate African sleeping sickness data set.
NON-OBSERVANCE OF MAXIMS IN ASK.FM SOCIAL Q&A WEBSITE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper entitled “Non-Observance of Maxims in Ask.fm Social Q&A Website” investigates the types of maxims and non-observance of maxims which are broken on purpose by Ask.fm users. It also examines some possible reasons for breaking the maxims. By employing Grice’s (1975) cooperative principle, this qualitative study examines one hundred interactions of Ask.fm users. The findings reveal that maxim of quantity, relation and manner are types of maxims which are not obeyed by the users. In addition, the types of non-observance of maxims identified in this study are flouting and opting out. Finally, reasons for breaking maxims are due to the intention to create jokes, to please others and to avoid cyberbullying. Overall, the findings suggest that by performing non-observance intentionally, it does not necessarily lead to communication breakdown. In fact, it made the conversation in Ask.fm more interesting, relax, and lively. \nKeywords: Grice’s Cooperative Principle, Non-observance of maxims, social media, website, Ask.fm \nPenelitian yang berjudul “Pelanggaran Maksim di Situs Tanya-jawab Ask.fm” mengkaji beberapa tipe maksim dan tipe pelanggaran maksim yang sengaja dilanggar oleh pengguna Ask.fm. Penelitian ini juga membahas beberapa penyebab yang mempengaruhi para pengguna Ask.fm untuk melanggar maksim tersebut. Dengan mengacu kepada teori prinsip kooperatif Grice (1975), penelitian kualitatif ini meneliti seratus interaksi dari pengguna Ask.fm. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa para pengguna melanggar tiga tipe maksim, yaitu maksim quantity, relation, dan manner. Pelanggaran maksim yang dilakukan oleh pengguna situs dalam studi ini masuk ke dalam kategori flouting dan opting out. Sebagai tambahan, penyebab mengapa para pengguna Ask.fm melakukan pelanggaran maksim adalah untuk menyampaikan lelucon, menghibur orang lain, dan menghindari cyberbullying. Secara keseluruhan, hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa dengan mempraktekkan kasus pelanggaran maksim secara sengaja, para pengguna Ask.fm menunjukkan keberhasilan dalam berkomunikasi. Faktanya, pelanggaran maksim di situs Ask.fm dapat membuat komunikasi berjalan menarik, santai, dan lancar. \nKeywords: Prinsip Kooperatif Grice, pelanggaran maksim, media sosial, situs, Ask.fm
Efficient collinear frequency tripling of femtosecond laser with compensation of group velocity delay

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This paper demonstrates an approach that negative uniaxial crystal has a relative anomalous dispersion effect which can compensate group velocity delay, and applies this approach to nonlinear frequency conversion of an ultrafast laser field. High efficiency of the third harmonic generation is experimentally fulfilled by adopting a collinear configuration of doubing-compensation-tripling system. Through finely adjusting the incident angle and optical axis direction of the compensation plate, it obtains ultraviolet (UV) output energy of 0.32 mJ centered at 270 nm with spectral bandwidth of 2 nm when input beam at 800 nm was 70 fs pulse duration and 6 mJ pulse energy which was extracted from Ti:sapphire laser system by a diaphragm, corresponding to an 800-to-270 nm conversion efficiency of 5.3% and a factor-of-1.6 improvement in the third harmonic generation of UV band in comparison with a general conventional configuration. Furthermore, when the full energy of 18 mJ from a Ti:sapphire laser system was used and optimized, the UV emission could reach 0.83 mJ.
The APP of energy optimization and safety monitoring for new energy vehicles based on the mobile internet

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In order to solve the problems of the new energy vehicles, an APP for energy optimization and safety monitoring of new energy vehicles is designed and implemented based on Android platform and the mobile Internet technology. The system demand is analyzed through extensive investigation and study. Specifically, the client composes four functional modules, e.g., registered, MAP calibration, vehicle management and vehicle data. The APP can monitor vehicle data real-timely and conduct data analysis. The safety and reliability of the new energy vehicles can also be achieved through the MAP calibration.
SH3355140.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.