jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Chemical abundances in the PN Wray16-423 in the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy: constraining the dust composition

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We performed a detailed analysis of elemental abundances, dust features, and\npolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the C-rich planetary nebula (PN)\nWray16-423 in the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy, based on a unique\ndataset taken from the Subaru/HDS, MPG/ESO FEROS, HST/WFPC2, and Spitzer/IRS.\nWe performed the first measurements of Kr, Fe, and recombination O abundance in\nthis PN. The extremely small [Fe/H] implies that most Fe atoms are in the solid\nphase, considering into account the abundance of [Ar/H]. The Spitzer/IRS\nspectrum displays broad 16-24 um and 30 um features, as well as PAH bands at\n6-9 um and 10-14 um. The unidentified broad 16-24 um feature may not be related\nto iron sulfide (FeS), amorphous silicate, or PAHs. Using the spectral energy\ndistribution model, we derived the luminosity and effective temperature of the\ncentral star, and the gas and dust masses. The observed elemental abundances\nand derived gas mass are in good agreement with asymptotic giant branch\nnucleosynthesis models for an initial mass of 1.90 Msun and a metallicity of\nZ=0.004. We infer that respectively about 80 %, 50 %, and 90 % of the Mg, S,\nand Fe atoms are in the solid phase. We also assessed the maximum possible\nmagnesium sulfide (MgS) and iron-rich sulfide (Fe50S) masses and tested whether\nthese species can produce the band flux of the observed 30 um feature.\nDepending on what fraction of the sulfur is in sulfide molecules such as CS, we\nconclude that MgS and Fe50S could be possible carriers of the 30 um feature in\nthis PN.\n
Determination of the Chemical Content and Antibacterial Activity of Mentha spicata Leaves and Evaluation of its Use in the Preservation of Some Foods

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Background: People have become interested in consuming high-quality, safe, natural foods with the increased spread of green consumerism worldwide. Methods: Prepare a coating solution from leaves of spearmint Mentha spicata with glycerol, estimate the antimicrobial activity and application of this coated on apricots and study the effect on weight loss, soluble solids content, antioxidant activity and sensory evaluation. Result: The qualitative detection of the bioactive compounds of the spearmint M. spicata leaves showed its continent included tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, terpenes, and saponins. The used concentrations of 12.5 and 25 mg mL-1 from spearmint coating solution (SCS) showed a non-significant effect at (P≤0.05). In comparison, the 50 and 100 mg mL-1 showed a significant effect at (P≤0.05) as antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. The weight loss of coated apricots after storage for 30 d at 4°C was 20.06, 18.52, 14.84 and 13.42%. Also, the soluble solids content was 17.3, 16.7, 14.1 and 13.9%. The antioxidant activity (Inhibition%) was increased to 30, 34, 39 and 47% using SCS of 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg mL-1 as a coating material. The sensory evaluation found significant differences at (P≤0.05) between treatments for all characteristics. The coating kept the consumer’s acceptance of consuming these fruits through characteristics of appearance, aroma and taste after storage for 30 d at 4°C.
METABOLIC DEMETHYLATION OF OESTROGEN METHYL ETHERS

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Interest in methoxylated oestrogens has been stimulated by the discovery of 2-methoxyoestrone and 2-methoxyoestriol in human urine (Kraychy & Gallagher, 1957; Fishman & Gallagher, 1958; Loke & Marrian, 1958). Furthermore, the 3-methyl ether of 17α-ethinyloestradiol is widely used as a potent oral oestrogen. The question arises whether the oestrogen methyl ethers can be demethylated in vivo to the parent phenols. To test this possibility, the 3-methyl ethers of oestrone, oestradiol and oestriol have been administered to human subjects, and the resulting outputs of oestrone, oestradiol and oestriol and of their methyl ethers in the urine have been measured. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES The methyl ethers were purified by chromatography on alumina and recrystallization from ethanol. Their melting points (uncorrected) were: oestrone methyl ether 172° c; oestradiol methyl ether 97–98° c, 117–118° C; oestriol methyl ether 148–154° c. The pure compounds were dissolved in olive oil (2·5 mg./ml. for oestrone and oestradiol
Functional Capillary Beds in the Beating, KCl-Arrested and KCl-Arrested-Perfused Myocardium of the Dog

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dog hearts were taken without loss of blood under 3 different conditions: (1) normally beating hearts, (2) hearts that were arrested by potassium chloride for varying lengths of time and (3) potassium chloride-arrested hearts that were reperfused with blood after varying lengths of time. In normal hearts counts of open capillaries containing erythrocytes showed a uniform distribution throughout the right myocardium and a gradient decreasing from the epicardium toward the endocardium in the left myocardium. Potassium chloride-arrested hearts showed a reverse gradient in the left myocardium. In normal hearts, erythrocytes are oriented in capillaries so that their flat sides lie against the nearest myocardial cell. In the arrested hearts, one sees few or no erythrocytes with this orientation. The erythrocytes in the arrested hearts are swollen, rounded, or packed in clumps in the capillaries. Arrested hearts exhibit a weakening of the connective tissue elements of the myocardium, evident upon fixation or on perfusion of the myocardium with blood. The weakening increases as the length of myocardial arrest increases.
Assessment of Changes in Hepatic Cytochrome P450 3A during Adenovirus Infection

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

HC-04 cells were evaluated as an in vitro model for mechanistic study of changes in the function of hepatic CYP3A during virus infection. Similar to in vivo observations, infection with a first generation recombinant adenovirus significantly inhibited CYP3A4 catalytic activity in an isoform-specific manner. Virus (MOI 100) significantly reduced expression of the retinoid X receptor (RXR) by 30 % 96 hours after infection. Cytoplasmic concentrations of the pregnane X receptor (PXR) were reduced by 50%, whereas the amount of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) in the nuclear fraction doubled with respect to uninfected controls. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4a (HNF-4a) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor g coactivator 1a (PGC-1a) were also reduced by ∼70% during infection. Virus suppressed CYP3A4 activity in the presence of the PXR agonist rifampicin and did not affect CYP3A4 activity in the presence of the CAR agonist CITCO [6-(4-chlorophenyl) imidazo [2,1-b][1,3]thiazole-5-carbaldehyde-O-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxime], suggesting that virus-induced modification of PXR may be re-sponsible for observed changes in hepatic CYP3A4. The HC-04 cell line is easy to maintain, and CYP3A4 in these cells was responsive to known inducers and suppressors. Dexamethasone (200 mM) and phenobarbital (500 mM) increased activity by 230 and 124%, whereas ketoconazole (10 mM) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (10 mg/ml) reduced activity by 90 and 92%, respectively. This suggests that HC-04 cells can be a valuable tool for mechanistic study of drug metabolism during infection and for routine toxicological screening of novel compounds prior to use in the clinic.
Adsorption isotherms of ethanol vapour on activated carbon and silica gel

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

According to some international organisations, some of our world’s resources might run out within our lifetime. Dwindling natural resources, together with negative environmental impact have become the world’s primary concern. Hence, there is constant demand and search for new sustainable resources to ensure that enough resources are retained for our future generations’ usage. With the increased demand for environmentally friendly and energy efficient technology, many scientists are researching and developing reliable, pollution-free and low energy cost refrigeration alternatives to vapour-compression chillers. For this project, the adsorption of ethanol with different adsorbents is investigated at isothermal conditions. The adsorbents are silica gel and activated carbon. The adsorbate used is ethanol vapour. A constant volume variable pressure (CVVP) apparatus was utilised for this experiment. Volume calibration was conducted to ensure the accuracy of the apparatus before the experiments began. The isotherms used for the experiments are 303K, 313K, 323K, 328K and 333K. Amount of ethanol adsorbed on the adsorbents are calculated using the ideal gas equation. The experimental results obtained are then compared and validated with existing adsorption isotherms. The experimental results conclude that maximum adsorption occurs at low temperature and high pressure. Activated carbon has a higher adsorbate uptake than silica gel. Additionally, Tóth isotherm fits the experimental data better than Langmuir isotherm due to a smaller RMSE.
Fire Ant Damage to Polyethylene Tubing Used in Drip Irrigation Systems12

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Fire Ant Damage to Polyethylene Tubing Used in Drip Irrigation Systems Get access Vincent C. S. Chang, Vincent C. S. Chang Experiment Station, Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association, P.O. Box 1057, Aiea, Hawaii 96701 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Asher K. Ota Asher K. Ota Experiment Station, Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association, P.O. Box 1057, Aiea, Hawaii 96701 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 69, Issue 4, 1 August 1976, Pages 447–450, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/69.4.447 Published: 01 August 1976 Article history Received: 06 October 1975 Published: 01 August 1976
The Educational Value Of Hindu In Taking Care Of Pregnant Woman And Its Social Implications In The Balinese Community Of Denpasar

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

<p><em>Taking care of pregnant women is basically an effort to monitor maternal and child health in order to create a family with quality and live in a healthy environment. The role of family, values and norms and social environment greatly influences the care of pregnant women physically, mentally, spiritually, and socially. This study aims to clarify the educational value of Hindu in taking care of pregnant women and its social implications in the Balinese Hindu community, especially in Denpasar City. The interview, observation and document study techniques were used as data acquisition in this study. Furthermore, the techniques of data analysis were carried out through a data reduction process or selected according to the research objectives. In the process of data analysis, the data were carried out through the research continuously from the beginning to the end of the study. Through a systematic process of tracking and regulating interview transcripts, field notes and other materials, the finding indicated that: 1) the educational value of Hindu in taking care of pregnant women includes; psychological education, then ethics education, theological education, health education; 2) The social implication that applied in the educational value of Hindu in taking care of pregnant women psychologically, mothers would feel comfortable and happy, could support the health of pregnant women and have positive implications for the fetus indirectly in forming good character.</em></p>
Robust Depth Enhancement via Polarization Prompt Fusion Tuning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Existing depth sensors are imperfect and may provide inaccurate depth values in challenging scenarios, such as in the presence of transparent or reflective objects. In this work, we present a general framework that leverages polarization imaging to improve inaccurate depth measurements from various depth sensors. Previous polarization-based depth enhancement methods focus on utilizing pure physics-based formulas for a single sensor. In contrast, our method first adopts a learning-based strategy where a neural network is trained to estimate a dense and complete depth map from polarization data and a sensor depth map from different sensors. To further improve the performance, we propose a Polarization Prompt Fusion Tuning (PPFT) strategy to effectively utilize RGB-based models pre-trained on large-scale datasets, as the size of the polarization dataset is limited to train a strong model from scratch. We conducted extensive experiments on a public dataset, and the results demonstrate that the proposed method performs favorably compared to existing depth enhancement baselines. Code and demos are available at https://lastbasket.github.io/PPFT/.
Video Summarization Based on Semantic Feature Analysis and User Preference

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A personalized video summarization system is proposed in this paper. "Personalized" means that each video can be summarized according to viewer's own preference. To meet user's preference, semantic features of each frame are detected so that their relevance to user preference can be determined. Users can be also capable of setting time or frame number constraint for video summary via a friendly interface. To summarize a video efficiently and effectively, a constrained optimization problem (subject to time constraint and video smoothness) is faced and solved to determine the non-uniform sampling rates for shots relevant to user preferences. Subjective tests show that the quality of the summarized video has a MOS of about 4.0, and the comprehension about the video contents is good.
Properties of Panaxnotoginseng saponins long-circulating nanoparticles

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

AIM To study physicochemical properties of Panaxnotoginseng saponins long-circulating nanoparticles(PNS-LCN).METHODS Analytical methods,such as determination of particle size,ξ potential,transmission electron microscopy(TEM),differential thermal analysis(DSC),infrared spectra(IR),X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),and dissolution test,were applied to the investigation PNS-LCN.RESULTS The mean diameter,polydispersity index and ξ potential and polydispersity index were(147.667±4.497)nm,(0.267±0.042),and(-44.70±1.47)mV,respectively.The difference between PNS-LCN and physical mixture in IR,DSC,XRD.The PNS-LCN showed the sustained release.CONCLUSION There is intermolecular interactionamong chitosan,MPEG-PLGA and PNS in PNS-LCN.In the PNS-LCN a new crystal form is generated.
Janet L. Ramsey and Rosemary Blieszner, Spiritual Resiliency and Aging: Hope Relationality and the Creative Self, Baywood Publishing Company, Amityville, New York, 2013, 278 pp., pbk £59.95, ISBN 13: 978 0 89503 411 3.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Janet L. Ramsey and Rosemary Blieszner, Spiritual Resiliency and Aging: Hope Relationality and the Creative Self, Baywood Publishing Company, Amityville, New York, 2013, 278 pp., pbk £59.95, ISBN 13: 978 0 89503 411 3. - Volume 34 Issue 9
Western Science and Educational Reform in the Thought of Shaykh Rifaʿa al-Tahtawi

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

At the cultural heart of the intellectual awakening, or al-Nahḍa , that arose with Egypt's modernization movement in the 19th century was the endeavor to legitimize the innovations which came in the train of military, scientific, technical, and educational imports from the West. The vanguard of this movement, unlike that of the one taking place at the same time in Istanbul, came from leading religious shaykhs in the government's employ. It may seem remarkable that graduates and teachers of such a conservative religious institution as al-Azhar took the lead as spokesmen for change, particularly when models of this change came from the Christian West, the traditional antagonist of Islamdom for more than a millennium. It becomes less remarkable when we realize that there was no other possible source of intellectual leadership in Egypt. Egypt had no imperial state service with its own traditions of education as did the Ottomans. Thus, conservatively reared shaykhs and Azhar graduates were obliged to play the role that was filled in the Ottoman Empire by reforming grand viziers and their ambassadors to European capitals, who were often assisted by converts from the West seeking employment in the sultan's service—“secular” Muslims who were identified with the state and not the educated ulema. In Egypt, the reasoned voice advocating change came from the very custodians of conservative tradition. Accordingly, that voice would speak throughout the century with great caution, often tentatively and sometimes in contradictory ways.
Nonsymmetrical Connection of Two Identical Building Blocks: Constructing Donor–Acceptor Molecules as Deep Blue Emitting Materials for Efficient Organic Emitting Diodes

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose a strategy to construct deep blue emission molecules based on the concept of nonsymmetrical connection of two identical π-conjugated groups. It was demonstrated that the nonsymmetrical connection strategy indeed resulted in the separation of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and the formation of a donor-acceptor (D-A) structure. For D-A molecules constructed by two identical groups, the degree of charge transfer is weaker and deep blue emission is easily achieved. Two D-A molecules (PIpPI and PImPI) were synthesized by employing diphenyl-phenanthroimidazole (PI) as a building block. The nonsymmetric connection of PI groups endows these molecules with a D-A feature that can result in a bipolar transport property. The nondoped organic light-emitting diodes with PIpPI and PImPI as emitter exhibit deep-blue emission and maximum external quantum efficiencies of 8.84% and 6.83%, respectively.
Gender features in cerebrovascular disorders in different age groups

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction. Numerous studies of ischaemic stroke pathogenesis allowed to develop the modern concept of the causes of ischaemic stroke. Risk factors are of primary importance in the development of cerebrovascular disorders (CVD). Study aim – to examine the representation of risk factors for CVD and the causes of ischaemic stroke in the territory of the internal carotid artery, taking into account age and gender differences. Materials and methods. We examined 331 (47.7%) men and 363 (52.3%) women aged 25–89 years with chronic CVD and ischaemic stroke in the territory of the internal carotid artery. Of the 279 patients with ischaemic stroke in the territory of the internal carotid artery, 57.7% were male and 42.3% were female. The majority of patients with ischaemic stroke were aged between 60 and 74 years, both among the men (72; 57.6%) and among the women (53; 42.4%). Results. Men were more likely to have arterial hypertension (64.4% vs. 49.6%; p<0.001), a history of transient ischaemic attacks (16.6% vs. 8.6%; p=0.002) and ischaemic stroke (14.5% vs. 9.1%; p=0.033), coronary heart disease (post-infarction cardiosclerosis) (13.9% vs. 7.2%; p=0.004), and to smoke (42.3% vs. 20.2%; p<0.001) and to consume excess alcohol (14.8% vs. 2.5%; p<0.001) than women. Atherothrombotic stroke was more common in men than in women (38.1% versus 21.2%; p=0.003). Women were more likely than men to have a cardioembolic stroke (39.0% vs. 21.9%; p=0.002) and a stroke due to internal carotid artery dissection (6.8% vs. 1.3%; p=0.020). In the 60–74-year age group, men were more likely to have atherothrombotic stroke (49.3% vs. 22.6%; p=0.002), while women were more likely to have cardioembolic stroke (47.2% vs. 26.8%; p=0.019) or a lacunar infarct (17% vs. 4.2%; p=0.017). Conclusion. Gender and age differences were found in the frequency of risk factors for CVD and in subtypes of ischaemic stroke. Men are more likely than women to have arterial hypertension, a history of transient ischemic attacks and stroke, coronary heart disease, and to smoke and to consume excess alcohol. Ischaemic stroke in the territory of the internal carotid artery occurs more often in older men and women. Among the ischaemic stroke subtypes in that age group, atherothrombotic stroke was more common in men, while cardioembolic and lacunar infarcts were more common in women.
effect of price perception and sales promotion on the purchase decision of the pertamax turbo in Palembang City

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aimed to determine the effect of price perception and sales promotion on the purchase decision of Pertamax Turbo in the city of Palembang. The population in this study were all consumers who purchased Pertamax Turbo in Palembang in the 2021 period, with as many as 100 respondents using the purposive sampling technique. The multiple linear regression analysis results show that price perception has a positive and significant effect on the purchase decision of Pertamax Turbo in Palembang. Sales promotion has a positive and significant effect on the purchase decision of Pertamax Turbo in the city of Palembang. For the price perception variable, it is expected that the Pertamax Turbo price adjustment will be made to reach all people. In the sales promotion variable, increasing sales by giving discounts/discounts to consumers who purchase Pertamax Turbo is necessary.
Ltor PROCESSES MALE TÚNGARA MATING CALLS

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

It's a warm Panamanian evening and male Physalaemus frogs are out crooning to their females. But with many other species serenading in the night's air, how do túngara females pick out their mates from the rest of the hullabaloo? Lisa Mangiamele and Sabrina Burmeister from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill explain that, `Sensory systems respond selectively to information in the environment – extracting some stimulus features while discarding others.' According to Burmeister, females respond to the drop in frequency as the male's whine glissandos from 900 to 400 Hz. They also respond equally well to a synthesised two-tone call that drops from 800 Hz to 500 Hz tone; the underlying two-tone signature is all that a túngara female needs to correctly select a mate of her own species. Knowing that a transcription factor, egr-1, is produced in brain tissue in response to stimulation, the duo decided to identify the regions of the female brain that are involved in processing the males' serenades by looking for evidence that the egr-1 gene had been activated in the brain after listening to natural and simulated mating calls (p. 2911).The duo found that one tiny region of the female's brain, the laminar nucleus of the torus semicircularis (Ltor), responded to both the males' whining glissando and the signature two-tone simulation, suggesting that Ltor is the `neural analyser for call recognition'. Other regions of the auditory brainstem and thalamus also responded to the males' full-spectrum call, but they failed to activate egr-1 in response to the two-tone signature, leading the duo to conclude, `Ltor activation is sufficient to explain species recognition decisions for female túngara frogs.'