jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Genetic Data from the Polymerase Chain Reaction

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) makes possible rapid generation of a very large number of copies of a specific region of DNA. This enables the typing of quantities of DNA as small as a single molecule. PCR has led to the development of laboratory experiments which provide new approaches to many classic problems in genetics, such as estimation of linkage, marker ordering and genetic disease diagnosis. We describe some of these experiments and the statistical techniques that have been used to design them and to analyze the data they produce.
Miniopterus magnater Sanborn 1931

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Miniopterus magnater Sanborn, 1931 Large bent-winged bat Miniopterus schreibersii magnater Sanborn, 1931: 26; Marien- burg, 40 miles up the Sepik River, Papua New Guinea. Distribution NE India, SE China, Myanmar, Thailand, Lao PDR, and Vietnam to Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Timor (Indonesia), Borneo, Moluccas and New Guinea including the Bismarck Archepelago. Distribution in Lao PDR (Fig. 87): Bolikhamxai Province: Ban Kengbit, Nam Kading NBCA; Tamank Hou Cave (Tham Ankhou) (SMF collection); Champasak Province: Ban Nam On, Dong Hua Sao NBCA (ROM collection); Houaphan Province: Ban Buaphath, Nam Et NBCA (ROM collection); Khammouan Province: Ban Potong (Robinson and Webber, 2000); Ban Houana; Ban Louang; Ban Xam-Kang, Hin Namno NBCA (ROM collection); Louangphabang Province: Nam Khan (EBD/ROM collection); Vientiane Province: Danyai (Dan Gnai), Phou Khaokhoay NBCA (EBD collection).
5 Unremarkable Hybridities and Metrolingual Practices

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper starts with the assumption that hybrid language use is unmarked.That is, we take hybridity as the starting point rather than viewing it as a ramification of the interaction between pre-given discrete 'languages'.This argument is a response to several different concerns with the notion of hybridity, which has been critiqued along various lines, from its botanical and colonial origins (Young, 1995), or its almost fetishistic status within some areas of postcolonial and cultural studies (Hutnyk, 2005), to the ways in which it potentially maintains the prior purities it claims to overcome (Gilroy, 1993).The notion of hybridity, as Hutnyk (2005) argues 'is a usefully slippery category, purposefully contested and deployed to claim change ' (p.80).All too often it assumes dichotomous relations even as it claims to supersede them, reassigning 'fixed identity into what becomes merely the jamboree of pluralism and multiplicity' (Hutnyk, 2005: 99).Hybridity has been mobilized to oppose what are seen as essentialist accounts of culture and identity.Rather than people being assumed to adhere to ascribed identities (Indian, Singaporean, man, woman, teacher, linguist) whose characteristics are pregiven and known,
Exploration in technological innovations with external partners

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Although the existent literature has provided us with great insights on technological exploration and exploitation, there are still underdeveloped areas that deserve further investigations. Since companies are inclined to the refinement and improvement of an existing technology (exploitation) and overlook the opportunities to explore new knowledge that departs in a significant way from the existing practices, exploration naturally deserves more attention, in my opinion. The purpose of this thesis, thus, is to extend our knowledge on exploration in technological innovation by taking into account some important endogenous or exogenous factors that might affect a firm’s exploration in technological innovation. This purpose can be translated into a general research question that is, What are the important factors that may have influence on a firm’s exploration in technological innovation? And how are these factors related to the exploration of firms? I confine my attention to one single domain of organizational research—technological innovation—because technological innovation is considered as a critical competitive capability for growth and adaptation (Schumpeter, 1934), and it demonstrates a firm’s capability of effective organizational learning (Von Hippel, 1994). However, to answer the research questions, there are at least two important issues to be determined. This is because after the seminal work of March in 1991, a great number of researchers studied the notion of exploitation and exploration from different perspectives. These studies displayed to some extent variety in the levels of analysis and inconsistency in the interpretation of exploitation and exploration. Therefore, the starting point of this research project is to review the existent literature on technological innovation that has been published since March’s work (1991). Based on the literature review, firstly I try to determine the level of analysis for this study; secondly, to identify the determinant factors in some underdeveloped areas on exploration in technological innovation, upon which I frame three specific sub-research questions of this study.
AllergoOncology: Is ultra-low IgE a potential novel biomarker in cancer? A position paper of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Elevated serum IgE levels are associated with allergic disorders, parasitosis and specific immunologic abnormalities. In addition, epidemiological and mechanistic evidence indicates an association between IgE-mediated immune surveillance and protection from tumour growth. Intriguingly, recent studies reveal a correlation between IgE deficiency and increased malignancy risk. This is the first review focusing on IgE levels and links to pathological conditions, with special focus on the potential clinical significance of ultra-low serum IgE levels and risk of malignancy. In this Position Paper we discuss: a) the utility of measuring total IgE levels in the management of allergies, parasitosis, and immunodeficiencies, b) factors that may influence serum IgE levels, c) IgE as a marker of different disorders, and d) the relationship between ultra-low IgE levels and malignancy susceptibility. While elevated serum IgE is generally associated with allergic/atopic conditions, very low or absent IgE may hamper anti-tumour surveillance, indicating the importance of a balanced IgE-mediated immune function. Ultra-low IgE may prove to be an unexpected biomarker for cancer risk. Nevertheless, given the early stage of investigations conducted mostly in cohort of patients with diseases that influence IgE levels, in-depth mechanistic studies and stratification of malignancy risk based on associated demographic, immunological and clinical co-factors are warranted.
The Sublime of Intense Sociability: Emily Dickinson, H.D., and Gertrude Stein

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Sublime of Intense Sociability explores the ideology of the aesthetic known as the sublime, and the shapes it can take when in the hands of those not traditionally authorized as its subjects. The book considers how these three authors developed their own poetic strategies to claim the power of the sublime while resisting its ontological violence.
Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) and Obesity-Induced Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and, subsequently, decreased insulin secretion. This condition is closely linked to obesity, a major risk factor that boosts the development of chronic systemic inflammation, which, in turn, is recognized for its crucial role in the onset of insulin resistance. Under conditions of obesity, adipose tissue, particularly visceral fat, becomes an active endocrine organ that releases a wide range of pro-inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, and adipokines. These mediators, along with cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, contribute to the maintenance of systemic low-grade inflammation, promote cellular signaling and facilitate the infiltration of inflammatory cells into tissues. Emerging studies have indicated the accumulation of a new cell population in the adipose tissue in these conditions, known as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). These cells possess the ability to suppress the immune system, impacting obesity-related chronic inflammation. Given the limited literature addressing the role of MDSCs in the context of type 2 diabetes, this article aims to explore the complex interaction between inflammation, obesity, and MDSC activity. Identifying and understanding the role of these immature cells is essential not only for improving the management of type 2 diabetes but also for the potential development of targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at both glycemic control and the reduction in associated inflammation.
Familial pulmonary fibrosis - a case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a chronic progressive idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP), occasionally, IPF occurs in families. IPF is associated with an estimated survival of 20%–50% at 5 years. Familial pulmonary fibrosis (FPF) can be defined as the occurrence of at least two cases of some type or fibrous interstitial pneumonia in members of the same biological family. Is important to note that the forms of interstitial lung diseases that affect relatives not necessarily need to be the same. Adults with FPF are essentially indistinguishable from patientes with sporadic IPF in terms of clinical presentation, radiographic findings and histopathology, except that those with FPF tend to present it earlier. Objective(s): To describe the clinical, functional, and radiological features of index cases of familial pulmonary fibrosis (FPF). Case overview: Male, 72 years old, seeks pulmonology service in October 16th, 2019 with cough, sputum and sinus pain. Denied dyspnea or other respiratory symptoms. Non-smoker, no alcoholism history, related physical activity 3 times per week and no environmental exposures. Treatment for sinusitis was indicated with return in 2 weeks. On return, he was asymptomatic. Unfortunately, he said that his 74-year old middle brother was hospitalized with severe dyspnea, mMRC 4, SpO2 91% using oxygen 4L in cateter and was diagnosed with non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP). The CT scan revealed a tomographic pattern of NSIP, with a fibrous evolution form and emphysema. Also, he has a familiar history of an older brother who died 5 years ago, at the age of 80, with pulmonary fibrosis, and a CT scan usual intersticial pneumonia (UIP) pattern. The pulmonary auscultation had: a preserved vesicular murmur, mild bilateral “velcro-like” crackles in pulmonary basis, heard during middle to late inspiration, no wheezes. The patient didn’t accept to be submitted to invasive procedures, as bronchoscopy or surgical lung biopsy, because didn’t have respiratory symptoms (although the importance of these exams has been explained). The diagnosis of familial pulmonary fibrosis can be established when, despite having different tomographic patterns, siblings have in common the fibrous feature, as in this case. Even if the younger brother doesn’t have fibrosis yet, with the diagnosis confirmed by the other two brothers, the antifibrotic medication should be started.
Personal factors that influence residents’ preferences about community involvement in tourism planning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Due to the unfair power distribution during the process of tourism development, community involvement has attracted growing attention among tourism researchers. However, there was lack of research in the literature regarding community involvement from residents’ perspective. The purpose of this research was to investigate the preferences of residents in the Midwestern United States on how they would like to be involved in tourism planning and development, and the personal factors that influenced their preferences. Tosun’s (2006) community involvement typology (i.e. spontaneous and induced participation) was used as the theoretical framework of the study. A mail survey was conducted to collect data from a randomly selected sample of residents living in 11 counties in southeastern Indiana. \nThe study found that residents preferred spontaneous participation to induced participation. In addition, their preference about spontaneous participation was influenced by perceived economic benefits and attitude toward tourism jobs; and preference about induced participation was influenced by environmental sustainability. However, for residents who were knowledgeable about tourism, their preference about spontaneous participation was influenced by attitude toward tourism jobs, environmental sustainability, and evaluation of current community involvement in tourism planning. Finally, residents who preferred spontaneous participation were composed by more males than females, perceived higher level of current community involvement, and had more household income than residents who preferred induced participation. Further research should explore other personal factors that may impact residents’ preferences about community involvement.
A retrospective study of the healing process after tooth extraction in patients receiving oral bisphosphonates for more than 3 years

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Patients receiving oral bisphosphonates (BP) are at risk for developing bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ), but to a much lesser degree than those treated with intravenous BP. Patients treated with oral BP were reported to have less extensive and / or refractory BRONJ. However, the risk of BRONJ associated with oral BP is reported to increase when the duration of therapy exceeds 3 years.We performed 208 extractions in 99 patients who received oral BP for more than 3 years, and their postoperative course was evaluated retrospectively. These subjects were all female (average age, 72 years). BP was orally administered to 73 patients with osteoporosis, 13 with RA, 3 with SLE, and 10 with other diseases. The mean duration of oral BP exposure was 60 months (median 54 months). Treatment with oral BP was discontinued in 83 patients. There were 24 patients receiving steroids, 13 receiving immunosuppressants, and 14 with diabetes mellitus.Six patients had delayed healing with bone exposure in sockets 4 weeks after tooth extraction ; furthermore, BRONJ developed in 2 other patients (2%). In these 8 patients, we studied the relations between delayed healing and various clinical factors such as age, the type, duration, and holidays of BP, risk factors, steroids, immunosuppressants, steroids plus immunosuppressants, anti-inflammatory treatment before extraction, site and type of extraction, and closure of the extraction socket. Discontinuation of BP, steroids plus immunosuppressants, and type of extraction were significant independent risk factors for delayed healing.
Soot removal from ancient Egyptian complex painted surfaces using a double network gel: Empirical tests on the ceiling of the sanctuary of Osiris in the temple of Seti I – Abydos

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract

In this study, we evaluated the ease of removal of soot layers from ancient wall paintings by employing double network gels as a controllable cleaning method. The ceiling of the temple of Seti I (Abydos, Egypt) is covered with thick layers of soot; this is especially the case in the sanctuary of Osiris. These layers may have been accumulated during the occupation of the temple by Christians, fleeing the Romans in the first centuries A.D.. Soot particulates are one of the most common deposits to be removed during conservation-restoration activities of (Egyptian) wall paintings. They usually mask the painted reliefs and reduce the permeability of the painted surface. A Polyvinyl alcohol-borax/agarose (PVA-B/AG) double network gel was selected for this task since its properties were expected to be compatible with the cleaning treatment requirements. The gel is characterized by its flexibility, permitting to take the shape of the reliefs, while also having self-healing properties, featuring shape stability and an appropriate capacity to retain liquid. The gel was loaded with several cleaning reagents that proved to be effective for soot removal. Two sets of soot removal tests were conducted with these gel composites. The cleaned surfaces were examined in situ with the naked eye and with a digital microscope in order to select the best gel composite. The gel composite, loaded with a solution of 5% ammonia, 0.3% ammonium carbonate, and 0.3% EDTA yielded the most satisfactory results and allowed to safely remove a crust of thick soot particles from the surface. Thus, during a third phase of the study, it was used successfully to clean a larger area of the ceiling.
Identifikasi Faktor Pendukung dan Penghambat Keterlaksanaan Praktikum Biologi pada Sekolah Menengah Atas di Kecamatan Kaimana Kabupaten Kaimana

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract. This study aimed to determine the supporting and inhibiting factors of the implementation of biology practicum in the senior high school in Kaimana Distcrit Kaimana Regency school year 2018/2019. This study was descriptive study. Sample in this study were the teachers in grade IX MIA SMA N 1 which is the class of experiment 1 and the teacher in grade IX MIA in SMA YPPK as the class of experiment 2. Data in this study was obtained by using purposive sampling technique. Data collection technique was done by questionnaire. Data in this study was analysed by using descriptive stastistical. The result of the study showed that (1) The level of implementation of Biology practice in SMA N 1 Kaimana is 77,78% and SMA YPPK is 33,33 %. (2) The major suporting factor such as laboratory is not available. (3) The obstacle that causes low percentage of practicum is the absence of laboratory room in school, the unavailability of laboratory tools and materials needed in practicum unit, there was no funds provided for practicum. (4) The efforts undertaken by school and teachers in handling this obstacle that is planning the implementation of practicum activities provided by the teachers in the lesson plan (RPP) as a form of teacher’s readiness, practicum funds provided by the teachers to purchase the practicum tools needed by school, laboratory management together by the teachers, and the teachers explain the materials as an effort to give understanding to students who do not participate in practicum activities. Keyword: Analysis, Biology Practicum, High School in Kaimana District
Green's function-based wavelets

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We propose a new approach for the construction of wavelets based on Green's functions associated with boundary value problems. We first describe the rational behind this idea, and then present our first successful results concerning the scaling function and the wavelet associated with Laplace operator. We obtain closed form solutions for the mother wavelet and the scaling function derived from the Laplace operator. We have identified several properties of our wavelet and the associated scaling function: Each of these functions corresponds to a charge-neutral sequence of parallel lines. Our wavelet corresponds to the potential distribution of three equidistant lines with the charge densities 1,-2, and 1. Our scaling function corresponds to the element factor of an infinite array. Furthermore, we will demonstrate the existence of an infinite family of wavelet-like orthogonal systems associated with the Laplace operator. This fact guarantees great flexibilty in constructing appropriate symmetric and asymmetric bases functions. Finally we proceed to the Helmholz wave equation, and construct the scaling function and the wavelet associated with the Helmholz operator. Many of the calculations can be carried out in closed form, allowing to discuss several fascinating properties of these new functions.
Functional Roles of Homologous Recombination and Non-Homologous End Joining in DNA Damage Response and Microevolution in Cryptococcus neoformans

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most deleterious type of DNA lesions because they cause loss of genetic information if not properly repaired. In eukaryotes, homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) are required for DSB repair. However, the relationship of HR and NHEJ in DNA damage stress is unknown in the radiation-resistant fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. In this study, we found that the expression levels of HR- and NHEJ-related genes were highly induced in a Rad53–Bdr1 pathway-dependent manner under genotoxic stress. Deletion of RAD51, which is one of the main components in the HR, resulted in growth under diverse types of DNA damage stress, whereas perturbations of KU70 and KU80, which belong to the NHEJ system, did not affect the genotoxic stresses except when bleomycin was used for treatment. Furthermore, deletion of both RAD51 and KU70/80 renders cells susceptible to oxidative stress. Notably, we found that deletion of RAD51 induced a hypermutator phenotype in the fluctuation assay. In contrast to the fluctuation assay, perturbation of KU70 or KU80 induced rapid microevolution similar to that induced by the deletion of RAD51. Collectively, Rad51-mediated HR and Ku70/Ku80-mediated NHEJ regulate the DNA damage response and maintain genome stability.
Measurement and correlation of vapor-liquid equilibrium of methanol, dimethyl carbonate and dimethyl oxalate

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Vapor-liquid equilibrium(VLE) data of methanol-dimethyl carbonate,methanol-dimethyl oxalate and dimethyl carbonate-dimethyl oxalate in dimethyl carbonate synthesis system were determined at different temperatures by headspace gas chromatography.Three activity coefficient models,Wilson,NRTL,UNIQUAC,were used to correlate the VLE data of these binary systems to obtain the binary parameters.With these parameters,vapor compositions were calculated and compared with these corresponding experimental data.The results are in good agreement.
Preliminary discussion on “Internet +” sponge city modular construction system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To promote the construction of ecological civilization and the process of urbanization in China, in 2013, the government propose to build an innovative rainwater system, which is characterized by nature accumulation, natural penetration and natural purification——low impact development of rainwater. This article Summarizes the research status of sponge city. It can be help the sponge city to become intelli-gent and modular creatively by adding the intelligent concept of "internet+" and the modular concept into the sponge city. This article first introduces the "internet+" concept of sponge city, and then discussed the application of the "internet+" and modular concept in sponge city from the three stage of construction, management and performance evaluation, in order to provide some reference and revelation for the development of modular of "internet+" sponge city.