jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
No Way Out: Entrapment as a Moderator of Suicide Ideation Among Military Personnel

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Objective Suicide is a leading and growing cause of death in the military during peacetime. This study sought to examine the psychological mechanisms relating to entrapment, stress, and psychological protective factors facilitating suicide ideation among military personnel. Method The study population comprised 168 soldiers (aged 18–21) divided into 3 groups: suicide attempters ( n = 58), those receiving treatment by a mental health professional, reporting no suicidal behavior ( n = 58), and controls ( n = 50). Results In general, the suicidal group scored higher than the 2 other groups in stress levels and entrapment but lower than the other 2 groups in perceived problem‐solving abilities and perceived social support. Moreover, the interaction of stress and entrapment predict suicide ideation beyond stress, protective factors, and entrapment alone. Conclusion Entrapment is an important predictor of suicide ideation and can serve as a moderator, in that its presence may exacerbate the harsh situation of subjective stress within the military context and intensify it into a suicide risk.
One-Pot Stereoselective Synthesis of (Z)-1,2-Disubstituted Vinyl Sulfones by Hydrostannylation–Stille Tandem Reaction of Acetylenic Sulfones

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract (Z)-1,2-Disubstituted vinyl sulfones can be stereoselectively synthesized in one pot under mild conditions, in good yields, by the palladium-catalyzed hydrostannylation of acetylenic sulfones with tributyltin hydride, followed by Stille coupling with aryl iodides.
Does the law and finance hypothesis pass the test of history?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

For the body of work known as the law and finance literature, the development of financial markets and the concentration of ownership across countries is to a large extent the consequence of the legal system nations created or inherited decades or hundreds of years ago. Despite the seemingly historical nature of this explanation, most of the body of work supporting the law and finance hypothesis has been ahistorical. This paper summarises the business history literature and provides evidence on investor protection and financial development over the long run that challenges the main tenets of the law and finance literature.
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Benefit from Enhanced Recovery After Surgery [ERAS] Protocol: A Systematic Review with Practical Implications

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Enhanced Recovery After Surgery [ERAS] is widely adopted in patients undergoing colorectal surgery, with demonstrated benefits. Few studies have assessed the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of ERAS in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD]. The aim of this study was to investigate the current adoption and outcomes of ERAS in IBD. Methods This PRISMA-compliant systematic review of the literature included all articles reporting on adult patients with IBD who underwent colorectal surgery within an ERAS pathway. PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched. Endpoints included ERAS adoption, perioperative outcomes, and ERAS items more consistently reported, with associated evidence levels [EL] [PROSPERO CRD42021238653]. Results Out of 217 studies, 16 totalling 2347 patients were included. The median number of patients treated was 50.5. Malnutrition and anaemia optimisation were only included as ERAS items in six and four articles, respectively. Most of the studies included the following items: drinking clear fluids until 2 h before the surgery, fluid restriction, nausea prophylaxis, early feeding, and early mobilisation. Only two studies included postoperative stoma-team and IBD-team evaluation before discharge. Highest EL were observed for ileocaecal Crohn’s disease resection [EL2]. Median in-hospital stay was 5.2 [2.9–10.7] days. Surgical site infections and anastomotic leaks ranged between 3.1–23.5% and 0–3.4%, respectively. Complications occurred in 5.7-48%, and mortality did not exceed 1%. Conclusions Evidence on ERAS in IBD is lacking, but this group of patients might benefit from consistent adoption of the pathway. Future studies should define if IBD-specific ERAS pathways and selection criteria are needed.
Piping coarse-grained sediment to a deep water fan through a shelf-edge delta bypass channel: Tank experiments

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

[1] It is now generally accepted that deltas that prograde to the shelf edge are able to transport coarse sediment to deep water either with or without sea level changes. However, it is still unclear how feeder rivers behave differently in the shelf-edge delta case to rivers found in a delta that progrades over the shelf. A series of nine shelf-edge delta experiments are presented to investigate the lateral mobility of the feeder channel at the shelf edge and the associated deep water depositional system under a range of sediment supply rates and shelf-front depths. In the experiments, constant sediment supply from an upstream point source under static sea level led the fluviodeltaic system to prograde over the shallow shelf surface and advance beyond the shelf edge into deep water. The feeder river of the fluviodeltaic system became a bypass system once the toe of the delta front reached the shelf edge. After the delta front was perched at the shelf edge, a submarine fan developed in deep water although remaining disconnected from the delta. In this bypass stage, no regional avulsion or lateral migration of the feeder river occurred and all sediment from the upstream source bypassed the river, delta front, and shelf-front slope. The duration of the bypass stage is proportional to shelf-front depth and inversely proportional to sediment discharge. The combined duration of the shelf-transit phase of the fluviodeltaic system and the bypass phase is the characteristic time scale for the continental margin to "anneal" transgression-inducing perturbation due to high-frequency and/or high-amplitude relative sea level rise. The sequential evolution in the experiment compares favorably to the Eocene Sobrarbe Formation, a shelf-edge delta in Spain, although natural variations are noted. This comparison justifies the application of concepts proposed herein to natural systems and provides insight into interpreting processes from ancient shelf-edge delta systems.
Energy and economic analysis of an auditorium’s air conditioning system with heat recovery in various climatic zones

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In many heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) applications, heat recovery devices are installed, aiming at reducing energy consumption. Especially in buildings requiring a high percentage of outside air for ventilation, there is a high potential for heat recovery from exhaust air. Climatic conditions are an important parameter which affects the recovered heat and the payback period of the heat recovery device. In this paper, a 250 person auditorium is used as a model to estimate the applicability of an air-to-air fixed-plate heat exchanger installed in the air handling unit of the HVAC system. The application is considered for four cities, representative of climatic zones A, B, C, D of Greece, which also represent typical Mediterranean climate conditions. Zone A, Crete and Southern Greece, is similar to Nicosia (Cyprus) and Palermo (Sicily), Zone B, with Athens, corresponds to Rome (Italy) and coastal Spain, Zone C with Thessaloniki is similar to the Toulon (France) and Split (Croatia) and Zone D, with its continental climate is more like Milan (Italy) and Lyon (France). An energy analysis with the modified bin method energy calculation was performed to calculate (a) the heating and cooling energy that can be recovered, (b) the reduction in HVAC equipment, and (c) the expected payback period. For the specific climatic conditions examined, it was proven that: heating energy consumption decreased by 31 to 40%, depending on occupancy, while electric energy consumption didn?t change notably; the payback period does not exceed 24 months, depending on climate zone and occupancy.
Proposta de modelo construtivo em wood frame: bamboo frame no Brasil

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Wood Frame constructive system is largely used and mainly spread over the developed countries. Because of the high quantity of bamboo in Asia, it was created a very peculiar constructive system over there named Bamboo Frame; which uses bamboo with structural function as stud. Therefore, the objective of this work is to create a constructive model using bamboo as stud to evaluate the execution process, potential use as low cost construction, and to make possible some future studies. The proposed model has de following dimensions: 48in (1,22m) length, 48in (1,22m) width, and 96in (2,44m) height. And 5 parts compound it: 1 window wall, 1 door wall, 2 sides wall, and 1 floor framing. The raw materials passed through machining processes in the Sawmill, and the execution and assembling of the wall were performed in the Furniture lab, at Campus Experimental de Itapeva – Unesp. We can conclude that the Bamboo Frame constructive model is very simple and easy to assemble; however, it’s necessary some special attention to set the bamboo studs, because of theirs thin walls. In addition, the use of a pneumatic nail gun makes the process easier.
Interspecific Variation in the Reproductive Response of Acacia Species to Protection from Large Mammalian Herbivores

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT We quantified the fruit set of four Acacia spp. inside and outside of long‐term experimental exclosures in order to examine the fitness consequences of herbivory by large mammals. We found a considerable interspecific variation in the reproductive fitness costs of herbivory in four African Acacia spp. Acacia nilotica and A. brevispica respond to protection from large mammalian herbivores by greatly increasing their seed set. In contrast, there was little or no increase in seed set in A. mellifera and A. etbaica . The reasons for these differences are not known, but may be related to armament morphologies.
Stabilising the sediment bed in laboratory flumes

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Recent laboratory investigations of alluvial channels with loose bed and banks of coarse sand required a method for immobilising or 'freezing' the loose boundary to permit time consuming hydraulic measurements without changes in the boundary geometry. A technique involving spraying separate solutions of sodium silicate and sodium bicarbonate on to a drained channel has been rediscovered, and is reported here. After freezing the changes in geometry and hydraulic roughness are negligible and some results are presented to illustrate this. The equipment and materials costs are low. Furthermore, for freezing a large area the method described has advantages, from a health and safety point of view, over using adhesives or dry cement powder as alternatives.
CLINICAL FEATURES, DIAGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE, AND PROGNOSIS OF VITREORETINAL LYMPHOMA IN YOUNG PATIENTS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To investigate the clinical features, diagnostic approaches, and outcomes of young patients with vitreoretinal lymphoma. Methods: Fifty-one vitreoretinal lymphoma patients (97 eyes) referred to the Eye and ENT Hospital of the Fudan University from 2011 to 2020 were grouped based on their onset age (age ≤50 years and age >50 years). Complete eye examinations, evaluation of systemic conditions, and biological analysis of intraocular fluids were performed. Results: Young patients accounted for 31.4% (n = 16) of the cohort. More eyes had retinal/subretinal pigment epithelial infiltration (20 [64.5%] vs. 23 [34.8%]; P = 0.018) in young patients than in elderly ones. The mutation rate of Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 gene ( MYD88 ) was significantly lower in young patients than in elderly ones (5 [50%] vs. 21 [91.3%]; P = 0.016). The median time to new onset of central nervous system lymphoma was significantly shorter in young patients (11.7 vs. 36.2 months; P = 0.012). However, mean overall survival did not differ between the 2 groups (64.9 vs. 57.5 months; P = 0.871). Conclusion: Early diagnosis and central nervous system evaluation are crucial for young vitreoretinal lymphoma patients with rapid central nervous system involvement. Meanwhile, young vitreoretinal lymphoma patients have some unique features, including more retinal/subretinal pigment epithelial infiltrations and lower MYD88 mutation rates.
Teen Pregnancy and Parenting

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Whether glamorised or stigmatised, teenage parenthood is all too often used to stand for a host of social problems, and empirical research results ignored. Identifying core controversies surrounding teen pregnancy and parenting, this book resolves misperceptions using findings from large-scale, longitudinal, and qualitative research studies from the US and other Western countries. Summarising the evidence and integrating it with a systems perspective, the authors explore ten prevalent myths about teenage parents, including: Teen pregnancy is associated with other behavior problems. Children of teen parents will experience cognitive delay, adjustment problems, and will themselves become teen parents. Better outcomes are achieved when teen mothers live with their own mothers. Teen pregnancy costs tax payers lots of money. Abstinence education is the best way to prevent teen pregnancy. Teen Pregnancy and Parenting ends by highlighting the prevention and intervention implications for families, practitioners, and policymakers. It will be of interest to academics and advanced students from a range of disciplines and professions including psychology, public policy, nursing, social work and sociology.
Electron-impact multiple ionization of singly and multiply charged tungsten ions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Cross sections for electron-impact double ionization of Wq+ ions in charge states q=1-6 as well as triple ionization in charge states q=1-4 have been measured using the crossed-beams technique. A new semiempirical formula for multiple ionization of three or more target electrons is in very good agreement with the measurements. Together with previously obtained experimental data for single ionization of tungsten ions, the measured cross sections are used to study the influence of multiple ionization on the Wq+ charge state evolution if tungsten atoms are exposed to an electron flux at 700 eV energy. It is shown that the charge state evolution is significantly influenced by multiple-ionization processes.
Comparison of pain scores between patients undergoing panretinal photocoagulation using navigated or pattern scan laser systems

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare the pain responses of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) undergoing panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) using either pattern scan laser (PASCAL) or navigated laser photocoagulation (NAVILAS). Methods: Patients diagnosed with PDR were randomly assigned to undergo either PASCAL or NAVILAS photocoagulation treatment. PRP was performed using the multi-shot mode with a spot size of 200-400 µm and a pulse duration of 30 ms to obtain a white-grayish spot on the retina. Parameters were identical in both procedures. After 30 min of PRP application, patients were asked to verbally describe their pain perception as either "none," "mild," "moderate," "severe," or "very severe" using a verbal rating scale (VRS) and visual analog scale (VAS) by indicating a score from "0" to "10," representing the severity of pain from "no pain" to "severe pain." Results: A total of 60 eyes of 60 patients (20 females and 40 males) diagnosed with PDR were treated. The mean age of patients was 62.22 ± 9.19 years, and the mean diabetes duration was 195.47 ± 94.54 months. The mean number of laser spots delivered during PRP was 389.47 ± 71.52 in the NAVILAS group and 392.70 ± 54.33 in the PASCAL group (p=0.57). The difference in pain responses between patients in the NAVILAS and PASCAL groups was significant with regard to the mean VRS (1.10 ± 0.67 and 1.47 ± 0.69, respectively; p=0.042) and mean VAS (2.13 ± 1.17 and 2.97 ± 1.35, respectively; p=0.034) scores. Conclusions: Pain responses in patients undergoing PRP with a 30-ms pulse duration were significantly milder in the NAVILAS group than in the PASCAL group.
Data from Progression of Human Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma to Invasive Adenocarcinoma Is Modeled in a Transgenic Mouse Model of K-ras–Induced Lung Cancer by Loss of the TGF-β Type II Receptor

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Clinical investigations have suggested that repression of the TGF-β type II receptor (TβRII) may be an important step in progression of lung adenocarcinoma from an indolent <i>in situ</i> state to a frank invasive carcinoma. To test this hypothesis, we compared the effects of deleting the murine homolog of this receptor (Tgfbr2) in a mouse model of mutant K-ras–induced lung carcinoma, which normally induces the formation of multifocal tumors of low invasive potential. In this model, loss of Tgfbr2 induced a highly invasive phenotype associated with lymph node metastasis and reduced survival. Tumor-associated stromal cells displayed an immunosuppressive profile marked by increased numbers of B and T cells. Moreover, tumor stromal cell profiling revealed a developmental TGF-β response profile that associated with a collagenized extracellular matrix and increased invasion of TGF-β nonresponsive tumor cells. Together, these results suggest that our KrasTgfbr2<sup>−/−</sup> mouse model of invasive lung carcinoma mirrors the genomic response and clinical progression of human lung adenocarcinoma, recapitulating changes in lung stromal pathways that occur in the tumor microenvironment during malignant progression in this disease. <i>Cancer Res; 71(21); 6665–75. ©2011 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Investigating the levels of depression, anxiety, sexual disorders, and other influencing factors in breast cancer patients: Turkish radiation oncology integrative group study (TROD 12-05)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The fear of death associated with cancer and the side effects of its treatments can have a detrimental psychological impact on breast cancer patients. Early detection and support services play a crucial role in alleviating the expected symptoms of depression, anxiety, and sexual dysfunction. The objective of our study is to assess the levels of depression, anxiety, and sexual dysfunction in breast cancer patients, as well as identify the factors that influence these conditions. The study involved 329 voluntarily participating breast cancer patients who had undergone surgery and were in the follow-up stage. Data were collected from 8 different centers after obtaining ethical approval. The assessment utilized tools such as the Sociodemographic Information Form, Beck Depression and Anxiety Scale, and Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 20. The study included 329 breast cancer patients in the follow-up stage post-surgery. Their average age was 52.7 years (range: 27–83). Results indicated that 33.1% experienced moderate to severe depression, 18.2% reported severe anxiety, and 82.7% scored above 11 on the sexual scale. Factors linked to higher scores were mastectomy, surgical dissatisfaction, insufficient information on sexual side effects, and comorbidities like smoking and diabetes. The study emphasizes the importance of closely monitoring anxiety, depression levels, and sexual side effects in breast cancer treatment. It underscores the need to focus not only on reducing mortality rates but also on supporting patients’ psychological and sexual well-being, ultimately improving their overall quality of life.
Process parameter sensing for remote hyperbaric welding

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Pipeline ovality and equipment set-up variations pose a challenge for offshore remote \nhyperbaric welding operations using a fillet welded sleeve for pipeline repair. The \ndistance from the torch to the pipe should be kept as constant as possible to maintain \noptimum welding process stability. The work of this research project was focused on \nusing through-the-wire sensing and the establishment of the feasibility of Dip \nResistance measurement as a suitable method for real time contact tip to work-piece \ndistance estimation and control under Hyperbaric Welding conditions. \nAnalysis of cases of Dip Resistance application in 1 Atm and factors of influence has \nbeen performed and their relevance and importance for the RPRS program is \nexamined. Suitability of the Dip Resistance is concluded and verification of this \nunder hyperbaric conditions is tested. For this purpose, a data acquisition hardware \nsystem was built and software was written using Lab VIEW 7.1 in order to acquire and \nanalyse the welding signals in real-time and store the signals for later analysis. A \nsecond program focused on the analysis of the Dip Resistance information was \nwritten using Lab VIEW 7.1 in order to analyse the experimental data off-line and to \nevaluate the results in more detail. \nExperiments were made using various welding patterns so as to determine the \nfeasibility of the method of the use of Dip Resistance information as a method for \nreal-time estimation and control of the weld process. Based on these results, three \ndetection algorithms were evaluated and the most suitable one was selected for further \ninvestigation. Initial investigation on other factors of influence like the length of the \nwelding current’s path and resistance variation with temperature is examined. The \nresults from the experiments and their off-line analysis are presented and a discussion \nof the results is presented. \nIt is concluded that real-time control of the contact tip to work-piece distance torch \nmay be achieved in real-time using dip resistance monitoring if it used in conjunction \nwith the welding current and welding voltage signals allows achievement of robust \ncontrol. Suggestions for further study and achievement of a complete solution are \npresented.
Neurocentral Suture Complexity and Stress Distribution in the Vertebral Column of a Sauropod Dinosaur

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Sauropod dinosaurs achieved extreme body sizes via rapid and sustained growth, permitted in part by the delayed fusion of the neurocentral sutures. Unfused sutures are joined by cartilage, which is more susceptible to dislocation than the bone that replaces it. In sauropods, the competing interests of growth and strength were balanced by the presence of complex, interdigitated neurocentral sutures. Sutural complexity is correlated with the magnitude of stress the suture must resist. To better understand this relationship in sauropods, sutural complexity was measured from the articulated presacral vertebrae of Spinophorosaurus nigerensis, and patterns of gross morphology were observed. Complexity was calculated as a length ratio and as the fractal dimension of the suture. The complexity pattern indicates that stress increased proximally along the neck, was greatest in the anterior dorsal vertebrae, and then decreased towards the sacrum. This stress distribution is attributable to the weight of the neck and the ribcage. The sutural structures are oriented to resist anteroposterior translation of the neural arch in cervical vertebrae and lateral rotation in dorsal vertebrae. This pattern could result from the greater mechanical advantage of an elongate cervical centrum in resisting torsion relative to a short dorsal centrum and the greater mechanical advantage of wide dorsal transverse processes in generating torsion. The patterns and structures described are similar to those of Alligator. Complex neurocentral sutures may represent an archosauriform adaptation that facilitated rapid growth rates and large adult body sizes.