jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Distribution of ace-1 R and resistance to carbamates and organophosphates in Anopheles gambiae s.s. populations from Côte d'Ivoire

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background The spread of pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.s. is a critical issue for malaria vector control based on the use of insecticide-treated nets. Carbamates and organophosphates insecticides are regarded as alternatives or supplements to pyrethroids used in nets treatment. It is, therefore, essential to investigate on the susceptibility of pyrethroid resistant populations of An. gambiae s.s. to these alternative products. Methods In September 2004, a cross sectional survey was conducted in six localities in Côte d'Ivoire: Toumbokro, Yamoussoukro, Toumodi in the Southern Guinea savannah, Tiassalé in semi-deciduous forest, then Nieky and Abidjan in evergreen forest area. An. gambiae populations from these localities were previously reported to be highly resistant to pyrethroids insecticides. Anopheline larvae were collected from the field and reared to adults. Resistance/susceptibility to carbamates (0.4% carbosulfan, 0.1% propoxur) and organophosphates (0.4% chlorpyrifos-methyl, 1% fenitrothion) was assessed using WHO bioassay test kits for adult mosquitoes. Then, PCR assays were run to determine the molecular forms (M) and (S), as well as phenotypes for insensitive acetylcholinesterase (AChE1) due to G119S mutation. Results Bioassays showed carbamates (carbosulfan and propoxur) resistance in all tested populations of An. gambiae s.s. In addition, two out of the six tested populations (Toumodi and Tiassalé) were also resistant to organophosphates (mortality rates ranged from 29.5% to 93.3%). The M-form was predominant in tested samples (91.8%). M and S molecular forms were sympatric at two localities but no M/S hybrids were detected. The highest proportion of S-form (7.9% of An. gambiae identified) was in sample from Toumbokro, in the southern Guinea savannah. The G119S mutation was found in both M and S molecular forms with frequency from 30.9 to 35.2%. Conclusion This study revealed a wide distribution of insensitive acetylcholinesterase due to the G119S mutation in both M and S molecular forms of the populations of An. gambiae s.s. tested. The low cross-resistance between carbamates and organophosphates highly suggests involvement of other resistance mechanisms such as metabolic detoxification or F290V mutation.
[Cold storage of rabbit platelet suspension by adding uridine diphosphate galactose].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study was aimed to investigate the method to cold-store platelets with uridine diphosphate galactose (UDP-Gal). Rabbit heart blood was prepared for concentrated platelet suspension to which UDP-Gal was added, and then stored for ten days in 4 degrees C refrigerator. Thereafter, platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distributing width (PDW), platelet aggregation function, platelet activity to urge coagulation including PF3aT and APCT and apoptosis were determined. Meanwhile, survival time in vivo was tested after cold-stored rabbit platelets labeled with Cr51 were transfused into rabbits. The results showed that there was not significant difference for Plt count, MPV, PDW, PF3aT and APCT between UDP-Gal cold-stored platelet group and fresh platelet group (P > 0.05). On the contrary, platelet count decreased significantly, MPV, PDW jumped and PF3aT and APCT went down in cold control group as compared with fresh platelet group (P < 0.01). Apoptosis increased in UDP-Gal cold-stored platelet group as compared with fresh platelet group (P < 0.05), but was significantly lower than that in cold control group (P < 0.01). Although PagT (inducing reagent: C-PG) decreased, it could still be above 50% of fresh platelet. Survival time in rabbit in vivo was close between UDP-Gal cold-stored platelet group and fresh platelet group (P < 0.05). Survival rate in seventy-two hours after transfusion in the fresh platelet group, UDP-Gal cold-stored platelet group and cold control group was 57.5% +/- 7.2%, 50.3% +/- 6.3% and 0.1% +/- 0.5% respectively. It is concluded that the UDP-Gal can well protect cold-stored rabbit platelets and prolong the survival time of cold-stored platelets in vivo.
Innovative Approach for Multilateral Well Completion with TAML 3 Junction Installation in Open Hole

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Multilateral well completion technologies are becoming more common throughout the lifecycle of oil and gas fields due to increasing complexity of the reservoirs. Additional lateral drilling tends to increase the contact area with the formation and, as a result, the production rate of a well and allows avoiding the need of design, construction, and maintenance of the surface infrastructure and upper sections of a potential new well. (Muslimov R.H., 2017) Various factors are considered while designing the well construction: starting from reservoir properties, thermobaric conditions, fluid composition, and up to the surface infrastructure. So, a Multilateral well might be a good solution under certain circumstances. (Shenberger V.M., 2007) In Russia, the most popular Multilateral completion technology nowadays is level 1 according to TAML1 international classification (with both lateral cased). The noteworthy strengths of the system include its reliability, simple deployment, and proven cost-effectiveness. However, its widespread use is hindered by such constraints as a fundamental limitation associated with the inability to perform following downhole operations (DHL2, HCT3, processing of BHZ4, etc.) in one of the boreholes, which directly affects the effective lifetime of such a well. Technologies TAML 2 and 3 are the next levels in the international classification describing the construction of a Multilateral well with an exit from previous casing (mainbore). (Bellarby J., 2009) However, the TAML 2 system was not considered for this case due to the lack of mechanical integrity of the junction. The basic TAML 3 system requires both a longer well completion time and additional operations entailing associated risks. In view of the above, a further development of TAML 1 technology was considered as a solution: Multilateral well completion with TAML 3 junction installation in the open hole preserving its mechanical integrity, with the possibility of selective access to both laterals during following downhole operations without involving additional service equipment.1 TAML - Technology Advancement for Multi-Laterals. This paper describes the field experience of TAML 3 system deployment in the open hole for the land project, which confirmed the effectiveness of an integrated approach and targeted solutions for further optimization of hydrocarbons production by the example of the Multilateral well construction.
Temperature-dependent electronic excitations of the Si(111)2×1 surface

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Electron-energy-loss measurements on cleaved Si(111) 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1 surfaces show a temperature dependence in the position and shape of the absorption edge of the \ensuremath{\sim}0.5-eV surface-state transition. The observed trends in the onset line shape provide experimental evidence for surface-state excitonic polarons. In addition, a lower-lying, defect-related surface-state transition at \ensuremath{\sim}0.35 eV is studied at low temperature and found to have localized character.
Feasibility study of X-ray sterilization

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Today, sterilization is done on food products and medical devices in many forms such as heat, ethylene oxide, hydrogen peroxide or radiation, to decrease the contamination level of these products. However radiation methods are becoming more preferred due to research that have determined radiation to result in cleaner products with fewer changes to the inherent properties and characteristics of the products than steam, ethylene oxide and other treatments. X-ray is a relatively new radiation method, which can possibly overtake its predecessors: electron beam and gamma rays in terms of penetration depth. Furthermore, its ability to be turned off and to offer a moderately higher dose rate gives it an advantage over the commonly used gamma-rays. The current application for X-ray is the utilization of high energy X-ray for sterilization of pallet loads of products. However, due to high transport costs and the time losses, manufacturers are interested in low-power X-ray for in-line and in-house sterilization. Therefore, the feasibility of using low-energy X-rays for in-line sterilization purpose needs to be investigated. This report will focus on determining the optimal parameters so as to achieve a high dosage and good uniformity for the sample subject, evaluating the effectiveness of the X-ray sterilization on the subject and nutrition testing to examine any changes induced on the subject due to the irradiation.
Initial MPTS study results: Design considerations and issues

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

One of the key issues identified during investigations of microwave power transmission systems from 1965 to 1976 was the need to assure that the billions of diodes on ground-based rectennas are sufficiently reliable to support long life times of approximately 30 years. Major systems studies conducted focused on waveguides; radio frequency interference and biological considerations; the relationship between performance, weight, and cost; risk assessment; crossed field directional amplifier noise; a 48 kW klystron; effects of the environment on propagation and phase control; rectenna technology; a rationale for the ground power density region; alternate technologies for orbital assembly; ionospheric effects and phase control; and reception conversion (rf to dc collector/converter).
Study of Supporting Sequences in DBMSs -- Data Model, Query Language, and Storage Management

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Many real life applications require data that are inherently sequential. Sequential data exist in many domains such as temporal databases, execution monitors, trigger mechanisms, and list processing. Traditional database systems did not pay special attention to sequence data, which resulted in tedious query expression and bad performance. This report summarizes recent research on supporting sequence data in DBMSs, covering issues such as data model, query language, query optimization, and storage management. The sequence database system SEQ is described.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN OPTIMIZED TECHNOLOGY PLAN FOR PRODUCING DRY EXTRACTS OF SILYBUM (MILK THISTLE) AND GLYCYRRHIZA (LICORICE) ROOT

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This thesis explores the development of a comprehensive technology plan aimed at obtaining high-quality dry extracts from Silybum and Glycyrrhiza roots, two botanical sources renowned for their medicinal properties. The proposed technology plan encompasses a systematic approach involving research, experimentation, optimization, and implementation stages.
Saisho MS74 Personal Stereo Speaker System NEW BOXED BNIB NoS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Sold for $132.80+ did not come with any player | pictured on box as supposed to be for the Saisho PS 33 EQ. Two speakers connected to one 3.5mm aux auxiliary headphone audio input cord Comes in case fit to carry both speakers and a walkman type cassette player or radio Comes with sealed manual Comes with original box 2 way 4 speaker system Shoulder strap Battery operated 6 volt dc mains adaptor socket Built in power amp amplifier 3 1/2 woofers 1 1/2 tweeters Made in Korean
Examining the impact of L2 proficiency and keyboarding skills on scores on TOEFL-iBT writing tasks

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A major concern with computer-based (CB) tests of second-language (L2) writing is that performance on such tests may be influenced by test-taker keyboarding skills. Poor keyboarding skills may force test-takers to focus their attention and cognitive resources on motor activities (i.e., keyboarding) and, consequently, other processes and aspects of writing (e.g., planning, revising) might be left unattended to, which can lead to poor text quality and lower test scores. Such effects might be more pronounced for L2 test-takers. This study investigated the impact of keyboarding skills on test-takers’ scores in the context of the TOEFL-iBT Writing Section. Each of 97 test-takers, with different levels of English language proficiency (low vs. high) and keyboarding skills (low vs. high), responded to two TOEFL-iBT writing tasks (independent and integrated) on the computer. Test scores were statistically compared across tasks and test-taker groups. The findings indicated that overall English language proficiency and writing ability in English contributed substantially to variance in task scores, while keyboarding skill had a significant, but weak, effect on task scores. Additionally, keyboarding skills effects depended on task type. While these findings support the claim that performance on TOEFL-iBT writing tasks depends mainly on test-taker English language proficiency, they also raise important questions about the relationships between keyboarding skills, L2 writing ability, and performance on CB L2 writing tests, as well as factors affecting these relationships.
Trace formula for the magnetic Laplacian at zero energy level

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The paper is devoted to the trace formula for the magnetic Laplacian associated with a magnetic system on a compact manifold. This formula is a natural generalization of Gutzwiller's semiclassical trace formula and reduces to it in the case when the magnetic field form is exact. It differs slightly from the Guillemin-Uribe trace formula considered in a previous paper of the author and Taimanov. Moreover, in contrast to that paper, the focus is on the trace formula at the zero energy level, which is a critical energy level. An overview of the main notions and results related to the trace formula at the zero energy level is presented, various approaches to its proof are described, and concrete examples of its computation are given. In addition, a brief review of Gutzwiller's trace formula for regular and critical energy levels is presented. Bibliography: 88 titles.
Beyond artificial intelligence controversies: What are algorithms doing in the scientific literature?

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Mounting critique of the way AI is framed in mainstream media calls for less sensationalist coverage, be it jubilant or apocalyptic, and more attention to the concrete situations in which AI becomes controversial in different ways. This is supposedly achieved by making coverage more expert-informed. We therefore explore how experts contribute to the issuefication of AI through the scientific literature. We provide a semantic, visual network analysis of a corpus of 1M scientific abstracts about machine learning algorithms and artificial intelligence. Through a systematic quali-quantitative exploration of 235 co-word clusters and a subsequent structured search for 18 issue-specific queries, for which we devise a novel method with a custom-built datascape, we explore how algorithms have agency. We find that scientific discourse is highly situated and rarely about AI in general. It overwhelmingly charges algorithms with the capacity to solve problems and these problems are rarely about algorithms in their origin. Conversely, it rarely charges algorithms with the capacity to cause problems and when it does, other algorithms are typically charged with the capacity to solve them. Based on these findings, we argue that while a more expert-informed coverage of AI is likely to be less sensationalist and show greater attention to the specific situations where algorithms make a difference, it is unlikely to stage AI as particularly controversial. Consequently, we suggest conceptualising AI as a political situation rather than something inherently controversial.
The relationship between parent temporary migration and childhood survival in households left behind in the South African rural sub-district of Agincourt

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This report examines the influence of parent’s migration status on childhood \nmortality in sending households in the South African rural sub-district of \nAgincourt. A survival analysis of a cohort of children born in Agincourt \nbetween 1 January 1997 and 31 December 2003 was conducted using the \nCox proportional hazards model to estimate the influence of parent’s \nmigration status on under-5 year mortality. Starting with a baseline census in \n1992, the Agincourt Health and Demographic Surveillance System (AHDSS) \ndata are collected and updated every 12 months wherein fieldworkers visit \neach household at the site to record the vital events, including births, deaths, \nand migrations that occurred since the previous census. Results of the \nsurvival analysis show that children born in households where the father was \na temporary migrant while the mother remained at the rural household had a \n35% lower risk of death compared to children in households where both \nparents were non-migrant (RR=0.647, 95% CI 0.439-0.954). The results also \nreveal that, controlling for parent migration status, children in single-parent \n(mother only) households had about 28% higher death hazard than children in \ntwo-parent households (RR=1.284, 95% CI 0.936-1.673). The findings \nsuggest that temporary labour migration could be a means to improving \nhousehold incomes and quality of life for children, particularly where the father \nis a temporary migrant while the mother remains behind taking care of the \nchildren. At the same time, children whose fathers are not indicated appear to \nbe worse off whether their parents are temporary migrants or not.
Heat Illness in England

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There is a tendency to under-estimate the significance of heat illriessin the United Kingdom (UK.) despite the fact that cases are known to occur during military training (Manual of Army Health 1965).Manson-Bahr' (1966) states that it has a restricted geographical distribution and' does not mention UK. in his list of endemic areas.Many patients are seen in the Aldershot area each year suffering from heat illness and some are admitted to hospital and this paper describes 14 selected cases who required admission during the period 1969-1971 inclusive.The cause of admission in the patients described was disturbance of consciousness ranging from confusion and drowsiness to profound coma. Clinical historiesCase" I. Admitted on 25 June 1969.A 24 year old officer cadet who had had little exercise for one month, and a coryza four days earlier, collapsed after running 9.S miles in battle order.He was initially comatose, sweating profusely, and vomited.He was sponged with tepid water and two pints of rectal saline were given during transfer to hospital.On arrival two hours later his oral temperature was 102°F (39.9°C) and he was profusely incontinent of faeces.He made arapid and complete recovery.Case 2. Admitted on 30 June 1969.A 17 year old recruit who had done physical training that morning, collapsed after running three to four miles in vest, slacks and boots in the afternoon.He was drowsy and confused on admission but his oral temperature was only 99.4°F (37.4°C) and rapid recovery followed.Case 3. Admitted on 30 June 1969.An 18 year old recruit collapsed shortly after Case 2 in the same circumstances.He was sweating, comatose, and had an axillary temperature oflOS0F (40.6°C).Tepid sponging was given during transport to hospital.He Was comatose' on arrival and •profusely incontinent of faeces.Rectal temperature was lOSoF (40.6°C).Active cooling, intravenous fluids and chlorpromazine were given, and he regained consciousness that evening.There was albuminuria and a transiently raised blood urea, followed by jaundice and a raised transaminase on the fourth day.He was anicteric imd well by the seventh day.. Case 4. Admitted on 30 Ju~e 1969.A 23 year old recruit collapsed at the end of the eight' mile run being attempted by the last two patients.He was brought immecliately to hospital where he was comatose, had vomited, and was incontinent of faeces.Rectal temperature was 104.6°F (40.3°C) and his blood pressure was low.He had similar biochemical abnormalities to Case 3 together with haematuria and received similar treatment.He was discharged well on the tenth day.CaseS.Admitted on I July 1969.An 18 year old officer cadet who collapsed at the end of an eight mile run.He was very drowsy with hot dry skin and an oral temperature of 102°F (38.9°C).Rapid recovery followed rest and intravenous fluids.
Ultrasonic transmission from fiber optic generators on steel plate

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Fiber optic acoustic generators have generated a lot of interest due to its great potential in many applications including nondestructive tests. This paper reports four acoustic generation configurations. All the configurations are based on gold nanoparticles/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composites. Since gold nanoparticles have high absorption efficiency to optical energy and PDMS has a high coefficient of thermal expansion, the composites can transfer optical energy to ultrasonic waves with high conversion efficiency. The strength and bandwidth of ultrasonic waves generated by the composites can be changed by different designs and structures of the composites. This paper explores the relation between the structure of fiber optic acoustic generators and the profile of generated ultrasonic waves. Experimental results also demonstrated that four ultrasonic generation configurations have similar features of ultrasonic transmission on a steel plate, which is important for future choices of ultrasonic receivers.
Initiation of anti-TNF therapy within 3 weeks of LTBI treatment in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) among anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) users in accordance with the duration of preventive chemotherapy against latent TB infection (LTBI) before starting anti-TNF therapy. DESIGN: A total of 410 patients receiving LTBI treatment before commencing TNF antagonist therapy between June 2005 and October 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The mean age of the 410 study subjects was 46 years and 261 (63.7%) were male. The underlying immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID) was ankylosing spondylitis in 203 (49.5%), rheumatoid arthritis in 136 (33.2%), inflammatory bowel diseases in 57 (13.9%) and other diseases in 14 (3.4%) patients.Tuberculin skin test and interferon-gamma release assay positivity were 60.3% (243/403) and 81.6% (314/380), respectively. Sixty one patients in the total cohort received TNF antagonist therapy within 3 weeks of commencing LTBI treatment and the remaining 349 patients received anti-TNF agents after more than 3 weeks of LTBI treatment. These two groups were comparable in terms of baseline characteristics, treatment regimens and follow-up duration but showed a statistically significant difference in the mean duration of LTBI treatment before starting anti-TNF therapy (8 vs. 30 days, p CONCLUSIONS: TNF antagonist therapy may be initiated within 3 weeks of LTBI treatment in patients with IMIDs.