jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Functional Analysis of Forkhead Transcription Factor Fd59a in Spermatogenesis of <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Spermatogenesis is critical for insect reproduction and is regulated by many different genes. In this study, we found that Forkhead transcription factor Fd59a functions as a key factor in spermatogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster. Fd59a contains a conversed Forkhead domain, and it is clustered to the FoxD subfamily with other FoxD members from some insect and vertebrate species. Mutation in Fd59a caused swelling in the apical region of the testis. More importantly, only a few mature sperm were present in the seminal vesicle of Fd59a mutant flies compared to the control flies, and the fertility of Fd59a2/2 mutant males was significantly lower than that of the control flies. Immunofluorescence staining showed that the homeostasis of testis stem cell niche in Fd59a2/2 mutant and Fd59a RNAi flies was disrupted, and apoptosis of sperm bundles was increased. Furthermore, results from RNA-sequencing and qRT-PCR suggest that Fd59a can regulate expression of genes related to reproductive process and cell death. Taken together, our results indicated that Fd59a plays a key role in the spermatogenesis of Drosophila.
Alternate wetting and moderate drying increases rice yield and reduces methane emission in paddy field with wheat straw residue incorporation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Wheat residue incorporation into the rice paddy field is becoming a popular practice in rice production in China's main rice‐growing area but risks an increased emission of greenhouse gases. This study investigated if an alternate wetting and moderate drying ( AWMD ) irrigation regime in rice production reduces CH 4 emission and increases grain yield when wheat straw residues are incorporated into rice paddy field. One super rice variety was field‐grown in 2012 and 2013 and subjected to four irrigation and straw incorporation treatments: continuously flooded ( CF ) without straw incorporation (−S), AWMD without straw incorporation ( AWMD −S), then CF with straw incorporation ( CF + S) and AWMD + S. When compared with the CF , the AWMD regime increased grain yield and water use efficiency ( WUE , grain yield over the amount of water used) by 2.7% and 27.6%, respectively, under −S, and by 18.0 and 50.0%, respectively under +S. The AWMD + S treatment also significantly increased nitrogen use efficiency ( NUE ) compared with the CF + S treatment. The increase in grain yield, WUE and NUE in the AWMD regime, especially under +S, were attributed mainly to a greater root oxidation activity, deeper root distribution and increases in productive tillers, crop growth rate and nonstructural carbohydrate remobilization during grain filling. There was a total of 0.49 kg N 2 O‐N ha −1 more loss in the AWMD than in the CF regime. However, the AWMD regime substantially decreased seasonal CH 4 emissions, global warming potential ( GWP , including both CH 4 and N 2 O) and greenhouse gas intensity (grain yield over GWP ) by 49.8%, 45.2% and 46.7%, respectively, under −S, and by 57.5, 55.9% and 62.6%, respectively, under +S, when compared with the CF regime. The results demonstrate that the AWMD is an effective practice to increase grain yield and resource‐use efficiency and reduce environmental risks especially, when wheat straw is incorporated into paddy field.
IEEE 802.11E WLAN QOS analysis and simulation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This thesis sums up a detailed study of QoS issues and analysis of existing QoS schemes for the IEEE 802.11 WLAN [1], the operation of the legacy IEEE 802.11 MAC functions, including DCF, PCF and their limitation of supporting QoS, following with the IEEE 802.1 le [2], HCF which is the enhancement to the original MAC, consisting of EDCA and HCCA functions, the new features on QoS support are introduced. Afterward, various QoS mechanisms for WLAN, based on the distributed approaches of DCF, centralized approaches of PCF and hybrid approaches of 802.1 le are summarized and evaluated by a survey of various research papers and analysis of their research direction and contribution.
The Genetics of Coat Colors in the Mongolian Gerbil (<I>Meriones unguiculatus</I>)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Genetic studies demonstrated three loci controlling coat colors in the Mongolian gerbil. F1 hybrids of white gerbils with red eyes and agouti gerbils with wild coat color had the agouti coat color. The segregating ratio of agouti and white in the F2 generation was 3:1. In the backcross (BC) generation (white x F1), the ratio of the agouti and white coat colors was 1:1. Next, inheritance of the agouti coat color was investigated. Matings between agouti and non-agouti (black) gerbils produced only agouti gerbils. In the F2 generation, the ratio of agouti to non-agouti (black) was 3:1. There was no distortion in the sex ratios within each coat color in the F1, F2 and BC generations. This indicated that the white coat color of gerbils is governed by an autosomal recessive gene which should be named the c allele of the c (albino) locus controlling pigmentation, and the agouti coat color is controlled by an autosomal dominant gene which might be named the A allele of the A (agouti) locus controlling pigmentation patterns in the hair. The occurrence of the black gerbil demonstrated clearly the existence of the b (brown) locus, and it clearly indicated that the coat colors of gerbils can basically be explained by a, b, and c loci as in mice and rats.
Risk factors of vitamin D deficiency in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients: A scoping review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a common orthopedic disorder with unknown ethiopathogenesis. Recent studies have shown possible link between vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and the onset and development of AIS. Although the risk factors of VDD in general population have been introduced, these risk factors might differ in AIS patients. Here, we review risk factors introduced to be associated with VDD in AIS patients. Inappropriate diary intake, female gender, physical inactivity, dressing habits, psychological discomfort, cardiopulmonary dysfunction, high bone turnover, bracing, and vitamin D receptor polymorphism are discussed in more detail as possible risk factors of VDD. Risk factors identification and modification are key elements in treatment of VDD in AIS patients.
RESEARCH OF DEMAND FOR RURAL TOURISM SERVICES IN THE IRKUTSK REGION

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

В статье по разработанной авторами методике исследован спрос на услуги сельского туризма. Результаты апробированы на материалах Иркутской области, так как этот регион имеет большой потенциал для развития сельского туризма. Помимо этого, сельские территории региона обладают уникальным потенциалом: экономическим, природным, демографическим и историко-культурным. Развитие сельского туризма позволит снизить антропогенную нагрузку на прибайкальскую территорию, обеспечить развитие сельского хозяйства с целью усиления продовольственной безопасности, рационально использовать природные ресурсы и др. Согласно полученным результатам анкетирования 65% опрошенных готовы совершить поездку в сельскую местность. Наибольшей популярность пользуются туры продолжительностью 2-3 дня, а оптимальная сумма расходов на отдых составляет 500-1000 рублей и выше. Интерес представляют различные виды отдыха. При этом принимающая сторона должна предоставить благоустроенное (полукомфортное) жилье, иметь квалифицированный персонал, обеспечить трансфер и т.д. Следует отметить, что одним из факторов, уменьшающих продолжительность нахождения в сельской местности, является отсутствие комфортных условий (благоустроенного туалета и ванны, питания, плохое качество связи, интернет и ТВ, кафе, баров и др.). Для развития потенциала выезда в сельскую местность необходимо повысить уровень информированности населения, а также поддержку поставщиков услуг на региональном и федеральном уровнях.
The Grating Infrared Solar Spectrum. III. Rotational Structure of the Carbon Dioxide (CO_{2}) Band ν_{2} at 13.9 μ.

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

view Abstract Citations (6) References Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS The Grating Infrared Solar Spectrum. III. Rotational Structure of the Carbon Dioxide (CO_{2}) Band ν_{2} at 13.9 μ. Adel, Arthur Abstract The rotational structure in the positive branch of the carbon dioxide band [(v1, 2v2) - p2], centered at 13.9 j~, is extensively developed in the solar spectrum between 13.9 ~ and 13.0 ~. Rotational levels through quantum number J = 64 are represented. The rotation lines are satisfactorily ordered by the expression vcm-~ = 720.71 + 0.789 N - 0.00051 N2, where N is the ordinal number of the line. The equilibrium moment of inertia of the CO2 molecule deduced from the observations is A = 70.8 X i~4° gm cm2, in excellent agreement with laboratory determinations and with the value obtained from the CO2 bands in the spectrum of Venus. The low transmission of the terrestrial atmosphere between the ailternative long wave-length limits of transmission ~ j~ and ~ ~ is evident in the grating solar spectrum of this region Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: September 1941 DOI: 10.1086/144340 Bibcode: 1941ApJ....94..375A full text sources ADS | Related Materials (5) Part 1: 1941ApJ....93..506A Part 2: 1941ApJ....93..509A Part 4: 1941ApJ....94..379A Part 5: 1941ApJ....94..449A Part 6: 1941ApJ....94..451A
Meerhoffkasteel - historiese heuwel in die Hardeveld

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Meerhofftasteel is a pyramid-shaped hill in the area known as the Hardeveld and is situated approximately fifteen kilometres west of the town of Nuwerus in the Cape Province. Today it lies far from the mainstream of civilization, but in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries pioneer travellers often visited this spot. In 1662 the expedition of Pieter Cruijthoff, and in the following year that of Pieter Meerhoff and Jonas de la Guerre explored the Hardeveld area north of the Olifants River and in their notes referred to "a mountain of marble", probably Meerhofftasteel. The first definite reference to the name Meerhofftasteel was made in 1682 by Oloff Bergh in his diary. In September 1685, when the expedition of Simon van der Stel visited the hill, the commander had his name chiselled out in one of the caves. Among those who later visited Meerhoffkasteel were J.T. Rhenius (1721, 1722 and 1724) and I.P. Giebeler (1739). During 1739 an important battle was fought in this area between troops of the Dutch East India Company and the Bushmen which resulted in the Bushmen’s influence disappearing from the region. Farms were then allocated to farmers, and in 1792 J. Jorssen became the first owner of the loan farm MeerhoffkasteeI. In 1978 the National Monuments Council unveiled a plaque at this historical site.
Sensitivity of NMR Internucleotide Distances to B-DNA Conformation: Underlying Mechanics

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, combining correlated spectroscopy (COSY) coupling constant measurements with nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) interatomic distances, should make it possible to determine an averaged solution structure for DNA oligomers. However, even if such data could be obtained with high accuracy, it is not clear which structural parameters of DNA would be determined. Here, the relationships between measurable internucleotide distances and helical parameters are systematically studied through molecular modelling. Investigations are carried out using four representative sequences, (ACGT)n, (TCGA)n, (AGCT)n and (TGCA)n, composed of repeated tetranucleotides belonging to oligomers previously studied by NMR. Correlations between interatomic distances become evident and strong connections between distances and inter-base helical parameters are observed. Results imply that twist, roll, shift and slide values can be accurately determined from NMR data. Sequence independent mechanical coupling which link backbone and sugar conformations to helical twist are also described.
The first full body diffusible iodine‐based contrast‐enhanced computed tomography dataset and teaching materials for a member of the Testudines

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Diffusible iodine‐based contrast‐enhanced Computed Tomography (diceCT) is now a widely used technique for imaging metazoan soft anatomy. Turtles present a particular challenge for anatomists; gross dissection is inherently destructive and irreversible, whereas their near complete shell of bony plates, covered with keratinous scutes, presents a barrier for iodine diffusion and significantly increases contrast‐enhanced CT preparation time. Consequently, a complete dataset visualizing the internal soft anatomy of turtles at high resolution and in three dimensions has not yet been successfully achieved. Here we outline a novel method that augments traditional diceCT preparation with an iodine injection technique to acquire the first full body contrast‐enhanced dataset for the Testudines. We show this approach to be an effective method of staining the soft tissues inside the shell. The resulting datasets were processed to produce anatomical 3D models that can be used in teaching and research. As diceCT becomes a widely employed method for nondestructively documenting the internal soft anatomy of alcohol preserved museum specimens, we hope that methods applicable to the more challenging of these, such as turtles, will contribute toward the growing stock of digital anatomy in online repositories.
Genetic Variation in Structure-Function Relationships for the Inbred Mouse Lumbar Vertebral Body

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Structure-function relationships were determined for L5 vertebral bodies from three inbred mouse strains. Genetic variability in whole bone mechanical properties could be explained by a combination of the traits specifying the amount, distribution, and quality of the cortical and trabecular bone tissue. Introduction: Although phenotypically correlated with fracture, BMD may be disadvantageous to use in genetic and biomechanical analyses because BMD does not distinguish the contributions of the underlying morphological and compositional bone traits. Developing functional relationships between the underlying bone traits and whole bone mechanical properties should further our understanding of the genetics of bone fragility. Materials and Methods: Microarchitecture and composition of L5 vertebral bodies (n = 10/strain) from A/J, C57BL/6J, and C3H/HeJ inbred mouse strains were determined using μCT with an isotropic voxel size of 16 μm3. Failure load, stiffness, and total deformation as a measure of ductility were measured in compression using a noncontact strain extensometer imaging system. A correlation analysis related morphological and compositional bone traits to whole bone mechanical properties. A multivariate analysis identified structure-function relationships for each genotype. Results: No single bone trait accurately explained the genetic variation in mechanical properties. However, a combination of traits describing the amount, distribution, and quality of cortical and trabecular bone tissue explained &gt;70% of the variation in vertebral mechanical properties. Importantly, structure-function relationships were unique among genotypes. Conclusions: Different genetic backgrounds use different combinations of underlying bone traits to create mechanically functional structures. Using a single complex trait such as BMD or BV/TV as the sole phenotypic marker in genetic analyses may prove to be disadvantageous because of the complex relationship between mechanical properties and the underlying bone traits. Therefore, considering multiple bone traits and the interaction among these bone traits is necessary to understand the relationship between genetic background and complex whole bone mechanical properties.
Cultivation of and Study on Humanistic Qualities in English Teaching in Vocational Colleges

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Strengthening humanistic qualities is a must for the economic construction of socialist market.College English is also one course of humanities and social science.It is vital to make use of its function of cultivating the students' humanistic qualities in vocational colleges.The passage mainly analyses how to cultivate these qualities in English teaching.The purpose is to improve students' humanistic qualities and develop their comprehensive abilities.
FINE-GRAINED TOMATO DISEASE RECOGNITION BASED ON DEEP CONVOLUTIONAL NETWORK

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Early diagnosis and accurate identification of fine-grained tomato diseases can control the spread of diseases and insect infections, thus ensuring the healthy development of the tomato industry. In this paper, four lightweight models of Tiny-AlexNet and Mid-AlexNet based on AlexNet and Tiny-VGG16 and Mid-VGG16 based on VGG16 were proposed for 5 kinds of early and late leaf diseases such as tomato powdery mildew. The computation speed of the model is accelerated by reducing the number of neurons in the fully connected layer. In order to avoid degradation in network training, data extension technology is introduced to prevent model overfitting. Among them, the Mid-VGG16 model is significantly better than accurate in early disease recognition, thus verifying the effectiveness of the lightweight model. The proposed model not only improves the accuracy, but also reduces the test time. The results were tested across 20 655 data sets on early and advanced disease. Compared with the traditional model, the average prediction accuracy of the proposed model is improved by about 0.15%, and the detection time is significantly reduced by about 50%. The improved model has strong robustness and high stability. The model can be used to accurately identify early diseases and facilitate real-time detection and prevention of tomato diseases.
The Impact of Global Supply Chain Pressures on Industrial Productivity: The Korean Experience

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of global supply chain pressures on industrial productivity in South Korea, using quarterly data from 2000 to 2023. To conduct the empirical analysis, the research model was established based on the basic theory of the Cobb-Douglas production function. Before the empirical analysis, a unit root test was performed to verify the stationarity of the data. The results of the unit root test revealed that the industrial production index, the global supply chain pressure index, and labor input were I(1), while capital input was I(0). Subsequently, a cointegration test on the level variables showed that there was no long-term equilibrium relationship between the variables. Therefore, in this study, the I(1) variables were used after first-differencing, while the I(0) variable was used without differencing in the empirical analysis. The results of the empirical analysis indicated that capital input and labor input were statistically significant at the 1% level, with positive signs. On the other hand, while the expected sign for the global supply chain pressure index was observed, it was not statistically significant.
The effect of colestipol on digitoxin plasma levels.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The effect of colestipol (colestipol hydrochloride; U-26 597 A), a copolymer of tetraethylenepentamine and epichlorhydrine, on plasma digitoxin levels has been investigated. Recently, it has been stated that colestipol decreases the enterohepatic circulation and the plasma half-life of digitoxin. Colestipol was administered to 11 patients having a digitoxin plasma level which is generally accepted to be above the therapeutic range (greater than 40 ng/ml). The elimination rate of digitoxin measured by serial radioimmunoassay in these colestipol treated patients was compared with the elimination rate of digitoxin in 11 patients not treated with colestipol. The results of this study did not demonstrate a significant difference in the mean (+/- S.D.) digitoxin plasma half-life between the colestipol treated (6.3 +/- 1.3 days) and the non-colestipol treated patients (6.8 +/- 1.0 days).
Protein-Based Identification of Inflammatory Signaling Pathways in Graft-Versus-Host-Disease (GVHD): Evidence for STAT1 Pathway as a Key Regulator in GVHD.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The pathogenesis of GVHD is influenced by the immunogenetic disparities between donor and recipient, the presence of host-derived antigen-presenting cells, the inflammatory reaction in response to conditioning-induced tissue damage and cytokine secretion. Intestinal damage and subsequent translocation of LPS into the circulation have been shown to be central to the subsequent pathogenetic events occurring in development of GVHD. Interfering with this proinflammatory response by targeted therapy might be an attractive new approach for inhibiting the development of GVHD. We have therefore started to comprehensively analyze the inflammatory signaling pathways, which are activated during the induction phase of GVHD in order to identify key molecular regulators of GVHD, which might serve as targets for future therapy. For this purpose GVHD was in induced in the fully MHC-mismatched BALB/c to B6 strain combination following lethal irradiation with 9.5 Gy. Spleens as well as GVHD target organs liver, skin and small bowel and colon were harvested on days 1, 3, and + 6 post-BMT to study activation of JAK-STAT, MAPK, PI3-Kinase and NF-κB signaling transduction pathways. Studies were performed using western blot, multiplex assays for analysis of phoshotyrosine proteins and transcription factor binding activity and also standard gel shift assays. Furthermore, GVHD liver tissue was subjected to microarray gene expression profiling. Most strikingly, in contrast to syngeneic and allogeneic controls induction of GVHD was associated with a strong activation of JAK-STAT pathway as determined by Tyr701-specific STAT1 phosphorylation and also Tyr705-specific STAT3 phosphorylation in the liver and spleen as early as on day +1 post-BMT and remained elevated until day +6 post-BMT. In line with these results we observed a significant increase of STAT1 dependent gene expression (e.g. CXCL10 5.6-fold, IRF7 4.5-fold, CXCL9 4.2-fold) as studied by microarray gene expression profiling in the liver. Furthermore, multiplex DNA-binding and standard gel shift studies in the liver revealed that GVHD led to an increased DNA binding activity of most prominently NF-κB but also AP-2, EGR1 and NF1. In conclusion we provide evidence that induction of GVHD is associated with strong activation of the STAT1 pathway in the spleen and liver as early as on day +1 post-BMT in additon to activation of the NF-κB pathway. Therefore this study might help to identify candidate molecules to create more specific therapies targeting the inflammatory component of GVHD and thus reducing the development of GVHD without mitigating the GVL response.