jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Can Data from One Medical Center be Enough to Generalize Lung Ultrasound Pattern Classification? A Multi-Center Domain Generalization Study

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Domain shift refers to change of data distribution between training and testing datasets. In case of medical imaging, domain shift is extensive, specifically for multi-center studies. Different medical centers may use different scanners, imaging protocols, subject populations, etc. To mitigate this effect, domain generalization (DG) has been used over the time. In this regard, our focus is to analyze if a pre-trained model can generalize lung ultrasound (LUS) pattern classification among pneumonia patients. Furthermore, if LUS data from one medical center is enough to generalize classification task across different medical centers. Investigated LUS patterns include horizontal artifacts, vertical artifacts, and small to large consolidations. As a proof of concept, data from medical center in Brescia (Italy) is used as source dataset whereas data from medical center in Rome (Italy) is considered as target dataset. ResNet-18 model (pre-trained on ImageNet dataset) is employed. The pre-trained model is trained on the source dataset with transfer learning using linear probing (LP) and linear probing with fine-tuning (LP-FT) approach. Results show that the pre-trained model can generalize much better over the target dataset when it undergoes LP-FT rather than only LP, achieving a mean F1-Score of 63.08%. These findings encourage the use of pre-trained models to generalize across different medical centers for LUS data analysis. Furthermore, they suggest that one medical center as the source dataset may be enough to generalize across other medical centers with state-of-the-art comparable performance for LUS pattern classification.
Ecological correlates of vulnerability to fragmentation in Neotropical bats

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary In the face of widespread human‐induced habitat fragmentation, identification of those ecological characteristics that render some species more vulnerable to fragmentation than others is vital for understanding, predicting and mitigating the effects of habitat alteration on biodiversity. We compare hypotheses on the causes of interspecific differences in fragmentation sensitivity using distribution and abundance data collected on 23 species of Neotropical bats. Bats were captured over a 2‐year period on 11 land‐bridge islands in Gatún Lake, Panama, and on the adjacent mainland. We derived a series of explanatory variables from our capture data and from the literature: (1) natural abundance in continuous forest, (2) body mass, (3) trophic level, (4) dietary specialization, (5) vertical stratification, (6) edge‐sensitivity, (7) mobility, (8) wing morphology (aspect ratio and relative wing loading) and (9) ecologically scaled landscape indices ( ESLI s). After phylogenetic correction, these variables were used separately and in combination to assess their association with two indices of fragmentation sensitivity, species prevalence (proportion of islands occupied) as well as an index of change in abundance. Model selection based on Akaike's information criterion identified edge‐sensitivity as the best correlate of vulnerability to fragmentation. Natural abundance and mobility or traits linked to mobility (relative wing loading and ESLI ) received limited support as predictors. Vulnerability of gleaning animalivorous bats is probably caused by a combination of these traits. Synthesis and applications . Our findings emphasize the importance of a local‐scale approach in developing predictive models of species fragmentation sensitivity and indicate that risk assessments of Neotropical bats could be based on species tolerance to habitat edges and mobility‐related traits. We suggest that, in order to be effective, management efforts should aim to minimize the amount of edge‐habitat and reduce the degree of fragment‐matrix contrast. Moreover, if high bat diversity is to be preserved in fragmented Neotropical landscapes, conservation measures regarding reserve design should assure spatial proximity to source populations in larger tracts of continuous forest and a low degree of remnant isolation.
Cyperus Rotundus and C. Esculentus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cyperus rotundas (purple nutsedge) and Cyperus esculentus (yellow nutsedge) are perennial weeds which belong to the Cyperaceae family. The tubers are the principal means by which these species propagate and perpetuate in the long term. The rhizomes are the means by which the plant spreads vegetatively in all directions. They terminate either with a new aerial shoot or with a tuber. The inflorescence is a loose umbel that terminates an unbranched erected culm or scape. Spikelets begin to differentiate from meristems in the axils of the elongating involucral leaves shortly after the scape starts elongating. The earlier flowering may also have been "induced" by the availability of photosynthates over and above those required for tuber production and vegetative growth.
Detection of bacterial pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with suspected meningitis by oligonucleotide microarray

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To explore the feasibility of screening bacterial pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with suspected meningitis by oligonucleotide microarray. Methods Total of 200 specimens of CSF were collected in this study. The bacteria DNA in CSF were extracted. Multiple polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied to amplify the segments of 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA genes of the target bacteria, then the PCR product was identifed by oligonucleotide microarray. At the same time, all CSF specimens were detected by routine bacteriological examinations. Results Among the 200 CSF specimens, nine bacterial pathogens were detected by oligonucleotide microarray. The coincidence rate of gene chip detection and routine bacteriological examinations was 97.0% (194/200). Conclusions The established assay in this study based on oligonucleotide microarray has many advantages such as convenient, rapid, accurate, stable and high flux, which is suitable for clinical specimen detection and epidemiological field investigation.
Patriarchal Structures in The Winter's Tale

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

From the perspective of sexual politics, The Winter's Tale is a remarkable achievement: it recovers the possibility of harmonious male-female relations from the destructive antagonism between the sexes in the tragedies. In particular, it expands the role of women, making the combined forces of Hermione, Paulina, and Perdita central to the dramatic action. This development is so moving that we tend simply to welcome it without inquiring into the centrality of women and the terms of the sexual reconciliation. I argue that such an inquiry must be made. A sentimental reading of the play looks exclusively at its positive aspects and fails to recognize that women s power remains strictly circumscribed within the patriarchal framework. Acknowledging this limitation provides for a multiple rather than a monolithic response to the play and makes it possible both to affirm and to dissent from the ending. (PBE)
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Benzimidazole Derivative with Aspirin as Potent Antimicrobial & Antifungal Agents

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Benzimidazole is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound. It is an important pharmacophore and a privileged structure in medicinal chemistry. This compound is bicyclic in nature which consists of the fusion of benzene and imidazole. Nowadays is a moiety of choice which possesses many pharmacological properties. Benzimidazole and its derivatives have a long history as antimicrobial agents. Several thousands of benzimidazole analogs have been synthesized and screened for pharmacological activity. They are of wide interest because of their diverse biological activity and clinical applications. These heterocyclic systems have different activities as they can act as bacteriostats or bactericides, as well as fungicides and they are present in numerous antiparasitic, antitumoral and antiviral drugs. Also, some of them exhibit appreciable antiprotozoal activity. It was shown that they have a moderate in vitro anti-HIV activity. In the present work, the novel Benzimidazole derivative was synthesized with Aspirin and evaluated for their antimicrobial & antifungal activities. The newly synthesized compound was subjected to antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 250, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 25619, Escherichia coli RSKK 313 & antifungal activity against Candida albicans RSKK 628. The antibacterial & antifungal activities were compared with the respective standard drugs. The MIC of Benzimidazole derivative was found to be in the range 20-200 mg/ml on all the tested microorganisms.
Comparison of Growth and Developmental Process and Yield Characteristics of Early Hybrid Rice Combinations with Different Maturity

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Six early hybrid rice combinations were divided into two maturing groups: early group and late group,and a comparison was conducted on the growth and developmental process and yield characteristics between these two groups.The results showed that there was not a significant difference between early maturing hybrids and late maturing ones in leafing rate,young panicle differentiation duration(from young panicle initiation to heading) and young panicle differentiating rate,and grain filling duration(from heading to ripening).The significant difference in whole growth duration between them resulted primarily from their difference in vegetative growth stage.The earlygroup hybrids had a shorter vegetative growth duration and started young panicle initiation earlier so that they could get matured earlier than the late-group hybrids.In addition,there was not much difference between the early and late groups in such yield characteristics as effective panicles,spikelets per panicle,filled grains per panicle and seed setting rate.However,the economic yield and biomass of the early hybrids were very significantly lower than those of the late hybrids,resulting mainly from a lower 1000-grain weight and a shorter plant height for the early hybrids.It is indicated that enhancing leafing rate in vegetative growth period could be the key to coordinate early maturity and high yield for early hybrid rice,and it would be possible to achieve a breakthrough in breeding of early hybrid rice with both early maturity and high yield by selecting such cultivars with the characteristics of shorter vegetative growth duration,higher leafing rate,more main stem leaves,higher 1 000-grain weight and properly higher plant height as parents to make hybrids.
The Mediating Effect of Interpersonal Problems in the Relationship between Maladaptive Perfectionism and Academic Burnout among College students

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

본 연구에서는 부적응적인 완벽주의 성향을 지닌 대학생들이 경험하는 대인관계 문제가 학업소진에도 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았다. 대학생 205명(남:108명, 여: 97명)이 연구에 참여했으며, 다차원적 완벽주의 척도(HMPS, FMPS), 학업소진 척도(MBI-SS), 한국형 대인관계문제검사 원형척도 단축형(KIIP-SC)으로 구성된 온라인 설문에 응답하였다. 설문을 통해 자료는 SPSS 21.0 프로그램과 AMOS 21.0 프로그램을 통해 분석하였다. 그 결과, 부적응적 완벽주의는 대인관계 문제 및 학업소진과 정적상관이 있었으며, 대인관계 문제와 학업소진 역시 정적 상관을 보였다. 또한, 대인관계 문제는 부적응적 완벽주의와 학업소진의 관계를 완전 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 부적응적 완벽주의가 높을수록 대인관계 문제를 많이 경험하고, 대인관계 문제를 많이 겪을수록 학업소진도 많이 되는 것이다. 이러한 연구결과는 부적응적 완벽주의자들이 경험하는 학업소진이 대인관계 문제로 인한 것일 수 있음을 시사하며, 부적응적 완벽주의자들의 학업소진을 개입함에 있어 대인관계 문제를 살펴볼 필요성을 보여준다. 끝으로, 연구의 한계 및 추후 연구방향을 제시하였다.
Engaging With Research: Linking Evidence With Practice

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This is the first in a series of brief overviews covering discrete aspects of clinical research. The aim is to help clinicians become more proficient consumers of research and encourage appropriate incorporation of evidence into practice. Well-executed evidence-based practice (EBP) does not dismiss clinical experience. However, it is important to understand the potential limitations and relevant biases when appraising and applying information recalled from clinical experience. EBP challenges clinicians to accept flaws in their reasoning and recognize their own biases, and demands that they develop the skills to find, appraise, and integrate research evidence into their practice. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(6):512–513. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.0701
Parenting in Motion: Co-designing a Physical Activity Parenting Program to Support Emotion Regulation in Early Childhood

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Physical activity during early childhood, otherwise known as ‘play-based physical activity’, may support emotion regulation development, thereby contributing to positive mental health outcomes across the lifespan. OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to explore the current utilisation of play-based physical activity as a parenting strategy during early childhood, and to initiate the co-design of a novel play-based physical activity parenting program. METHOD: One-hour qualitative interviews (n=17) were conducted with parents of children aged two-four years that aimed to understand parents’ perspective on the regulatory effects of play-based physical activity and its role in parenting practices. RESULTS: Thematic template analysis identified five themes highlighting that play-based physical activity encompasses various forms and dimensions and is interwoven with learning across multiple domains. Play-based physical activity was reported to offer both preventative and immediate regulatory benefits, and facilitate family connection, and co-regulation. However, variation was found in parents’ utilisation of play-based physical activity for managing child emotion regulation difficulties. Some parents reported using it to respond to child dysregulation sensitively, others used it to distract and promote positive emotions during child dysregulation, and some did not consciously use it as a parenting strategy. Furthermore, several barriers were identified that limit play-based physical activity engagement and effectiveness, such as low parent capacity. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm prior evidence of the regulatory benefits of play-based physical activity and physical activity, and extend this literature by showing the role, and effects of play-based physical activity in early childhood parenting practices. Key Words: Play-based physical activity, Emotion Regulation, Early Childhood, Parenting, Co-design.
Impact of Ranch and Market Factors on an Index of Agricultural Holding Period Returns

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article is the winner of the Agricultural Real Estate Investment manuscript prize (sponsored by Hancock Agricultural Investment) presented at the 1999 American Real Estate Society Annual Meeting.This study develops nominal and real holding period return indices for operating ranches. The indices contain two components, monthly ranch operating profit and capital appreciation. A regression model that determines the effect of various attributes on total market value is used to estimate capital appreciation, and a second model determines operating profit. The two different ranch data series are compared with United States Long Term Government Bonds, the S&P 500 Index and Small Capitalization Stocks. Both ranch indices show very low correlation with the S&P 500 Index and very low or negative betas. Further, both ranch series have excess actual nominal and real returns when compared to expected returns determined from the Capital Asset Pricing Model.
Postharvest drying of walnuts: Effect of drying methods on walnut quality

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

It has been demonstrated that drying can significantly promote the antioxidant active substances of fresh walnut, as well as enhance lipid content and conversion of glycerol phospholipids to lysophospholipids in walnut. Currently, oven drying (OD) and natural air drying (NAD) are the two most commonly used drying methods for walnut. However, the differences in their effects on the quality of the final product remain unclear. This study investigated the effect of OD and NAD on the phenotypic and physiological properties and lipid oxidation of four main walnut varieties W10, W179, W185, X2 in Xinjiang, China, and determined the correlations among these properties. The results showed that OD could maintain plump and yellowish white kernels, whereas NAD led to noticeably darker and more wrinkled kernels at the end of drying. In addition, an analysis of quality-related metabolites revealed that two representative lipids PC (18:2_18:2) and PC (18:1_16:0) had completely different patterns under OD and NAD, and the metabolites highly relevant to these two lipids were mainly enriched in amino acid and ascorbate metabolism pathways. Comprehensive physiological and metabolite analysis indicated that OD outperforms NAD in maintaining walnut quality, and may be applied to industrial walnut drying.
Human resource management and the business of sport

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

At the end of this chapter you should be able to:
■ Understand the differences between personnel and human resource issues;
■ Understand the emerging thinking with respect to human resource management;
■ Apply contemporary and related ‘people management’ literature to the sportsector;
■ Suggest areas for further development in HRM theory and praxis, as applied tothe sport sector.
Cold plasma process ensnares fibrin-rich clots in an adhesive web

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Advances in mechanical thrombectomy (MT) devices have reduced mortality and improved the quality of life among stroke patients. Favorable (mRS 0-2 at 90 days) post-procedure outcomes depend heavily upon the degree of recanalization. Fibrin-rich thrombi pose a major impediment to adequate (TICI 2B) clot retrieval, as their firm composition resists extraction. We describe a low-temperature plasma process for modifying stent retrievers with fibrinogen. Fibrinogen binding translates into greater efficacy in capturing fibrin-rich clots in vitro. This advance may improve MT outcomes through faster and more complete clot retrievals.
Integration of sex and gender in a continuing professional development course on diabetes and depression: a mixed methods feasibility study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives Assess the feasibility and impact of a continuous professional development (CPD) course on type 2 diabetes and depression on health professionals’ intention to include sex and gender considerations in patient care. Design and setting In collaboration with CPD organisations and patient-partners, we conducted a mixed-methods feasibility controlled trial with postintervention measures in three Canadian provinces. Participants Of 178 eligible health professionals, 127 completed questionnaires and 67 participated in semistructured group discussions. Intervention and comparator An interactive 1 hour CPD course, codesigned with patient-partners, on diabetes and depression that included sex and gender considerations (innovation) was compared with a similar course that did not include them (comparator). Outcomes Feasibility of recruitment and retention of CPD organisations and patient-partners throughout the study; adherence to planned activities; health professionals’ intention to include sex and gender considerations in patient care as measured by the CPD-Reaction questionnaire; and barriers and facilitators using the Theoretical Domains Framework. Results All recruited CPD organisations and patient-partners remained engaged throughout the study. All planned CPD courses occurred. Overall, 71% of eligible health professionals participated (63% under 44 years old; 79.5% women; 67.7% practising in French; 66.9% practising in Quebec; 78.8% in urban practice). After training, mean intention scores for the innovation (n=49) and control groups (n=78) were 5.65±0.19 and 5.19±0.15, respectively. Mean difference was −0.47 (CI −0.95 to 0.01; p=0.06). Adjusted for age, gender and practice settings, mean difference was −0.57 (CI −1.09 to −0.05; p=0.03). We identified eight theoretical domains related to barriers and six related to facilitators for providing sex-adapted and gender-adapted diabetes and depression care. Conclusions CPD training on diabetes and depression that includes sex and gender considerations is feasible and, compared with CPD training that does not, may prompt health professionals to modify their care. Addressing identified barriers and facilitators could increase intention. Trial registration number NCT03928132 with ClinicalTrials.gov; Post-results.
Modeling of Mass Transfer During Hot-Smoking of Fish Fillets

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work aims at evaluating the mass reduction of traditionally hot-smoked catfish (Arius heudelotii) during hot-air drying unit operation. Drying kinetics of fish fillets are proposed from experimental investigations, taking into account the relative contributions of water evaporation and water and fat drips. The influence of the air temperature (50 to 80_C), air velocity (1 to 3 m/s) and relative humidity (15 to 40%) on drying rate functions is analyzed from a Doehlert experimental design. Based on the identification of characteristic drying rate curves, a drying model is defined and proves to be quite accurate regarding the prediction of evaporation rate during the falling rate period.
Wage Progression, Mobility and Unemployment Insurance System

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Ascendent job mobility is traditionally considered as a major source of wage progression over the life cycle. In France, high wage progression over the life cycle and low workers' mobility rate coexist. To solve this puzzle, we investigate the possible effect of a well spread institution in Europe, wage-indexed unemployment benets, on wage progression. We introduce anite horizon, human capital ac- cumulation, and endogenous unemployment benets into Mortensen (1998)'s wage posting game, with frictions, on the job search and endogenous matches' pro- ductivity. We calibrate the model on French data and show that wage-indexed unemployment benets increase workers' market power increasingly with age and therefore contribute signicatively to wage progression. In the same time, by re- ducing the number of job openings and wage dispersion, their presence reduces workers' mobility. Eventually, we show that in such life cycle framework, wage indexed unemployment benets can be optimal and, in the case of France, are optimal for a replacement rate around 70%.
Side reactions in peptide synthesis: An overview

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Peptide synthesis involves condensation of two or more amino acids which seems to be easier but requires specialized techniques. Since all the amino acids have basic skeleton but vary in their side chains, and their nature such as acidic, basic or neutral depending on the presence or absence of functional groups, these side chains are prone to side reactions during the process of synthesis either due to interaction with the solvent used for synthesis or during the process of the deprotection of the specific groups. It could also occur due to lower rate of reaction where the amino acids reacting forms byproducts leading to the lesser yield of the desired peptide chain. In the present document, the side reactions that occur are described in brief with their mechanism. All the images of the reactions in this document were drawn using ChemDraw software and have been made strong efforts to make the explanations to be clear and easier to understand.