jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Numerical MHD heat transport in C12H26‐C15H32 using modified Tiwari–Das model inspired by nanoparticles characteristics

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Different engineering systems acquired high energy fluids to cope with the problem of heat transfer in which the Nanofluids are progressive fluids that strengthen their roots in the modern arena owing to their improved thermal characteristics. These applicable at large‐scale but not restricted to engineering systems ranging from automotive industry, medical arena, electronics, heating of buildings, chemotherapy, medication, nuclear reactors, heat exchangers, aerodynamics, electrical, and chemical engineering. Many of the engineering systems exhibit the flow over spinning sphere. The core focus of this research is to analyze a heat transfer fluid model comprising penta‐composites thermal conductivity (PCT) [Al 2 O 3 , CuO, TiO 2 , Ag, and CdTe] saturated in the host solvent C 12 H 26 ‐C 15 H 32 . The penta‐hybrid nanofluid (PHNF) model first time reported in this study, and it will add values in industry and play the role of umbrella over the traditional nanofluid classes. To investigate the actual facts regarding the heat transport in penta‐nanofluid, RK technique is adopted and achieved remarkable results. The penta‐composites observed as catalysis in the formation of penta‐nanofluid which boosts internal heat capability and is dominant over common nano and ternary nanofluids. Moreover, the shear stresses and surface heat trends are optimum for penta‐nanofluid than nano and ternary nanofluid.
Data from HuR Small-Molecule Inhibitor Elicits Differential Effects in Adenomatosis Polyposis and Colorectal Carcinogenesis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>HuR is an RNA-binding protein implicated in immune homeostasis and various cancers, including colorectal cancer. HuR binding to AU-rich elements within the 3′ untranslated region of mRNAs encoding oncogenes, growth factors, and various cytokines leads message stability and translation. In this study, we evaluated HuR as a small-molecule target for preventing colorectal cancer in high-risk groups such as those with familial adenomatosis polyposis (FAP) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In human specimens, levels of cytoplasmic HuR were increased in colonic epithelial cells from patients with IBD, IBD-cancer, FAP-adenoma, and colorectal cancer, but not in patients with IBD-dysplasia. Intraperitoneal injection of the HuR small-molecule inhibitor MS-444 in AOM/DSS mice, a model of IBD and inflammatory colon cancer, augmented DSS-induced weight loss and increased tumor multiplicity, size, and invasiveness. MS-444 treatment also abrogated tumor cell apoptosis and depleted tumor-associated eosinophils, accompanied by a decrease in IL18 and eotaxin-1. In contrast, HuR inhibition in APC<sup>Min</sup> mice, a model of FAP and colon cancer, diminished the number of small intestinal tumors generated. In this setting, fecal microbiota, evaluated by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, shifted to a state of reduced bacterial diversity, with an increased representation of <i>Prevotella, Akkermansia</i>, and <i>Lachnospiraceae</i>. Taken together, our results indicate that HuR activation is an early event in FAP-adenoma but is not present in IBD-dysplasia. Furthermore, our results offer a preclinical proof of concept for HuR inhibition as an effective means of FAP chemoprevention, with caution advised in the setting of IBD. <i>Cancer Res; 77(9); 2424–38. ©2017 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Cardiovascular function at rest and on exercise in patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cardiovascular complications are common in fibrosing alveolitis, but there have been few physiological studies of the pulmonary circulation in this condition, and those that have been carried out have usually depended on right heart catheterisation. This paper reports non-invasive measurements of effective pulmonary blood flow, oxygen uptake, pulmonary arteriovenous oxygen content differences, and estimates of mixed venous oxygen saturation in 20 patients with histologically proved cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis at rest and while exercising on a motorized treadmill. Results were compared with those of 20 age and sex matched normal subjects, at rest and at an arbitrarily chosen oxygen uptake of 0.75 l/min. The latter results were obtained by linear interpolation. Effective pulmonary blood flow was normal at rest, but oxygen dispatch to the tissues (blood flow x blood oxygen content) was significantly reduced at rest (mean reduction 190 (SD 68) ml/l/min; p less than 0.01) and at an oxygen uptake of 0.75 l/min (mean reduction 128 (50) ml/l/min; p less than 0.02), reflecting the presence of systemic arterial hypoxaemia. Pulmonary arteriovenous oxygen content differences were similar in patients and normal subjects, but mixed venous saturation was lower in the patients at rest (mean % reduction 6.8 (2.6); p less than 0.02) and at an oxygen uptake of 0.75 l/min (mean % reduction 9.6 (2.9); p less than 0.002). It is concluded that the supply of oxygen potentially available to the tissues is reduced at rest and during exercise in patients with fibrosing alveolitis and hence, by analogy with normal people exercising under hypoxic conditions, that pulmonary blood flow is inappropriately low in this condition. The low mixed venous oxygen saturation may contribute to the development of pulmonary hypertension in some patients. The rebreathing technique used in this study may be of use in monitoring treatment; it could be applied many times to the same patient, and might be a suitable way of following the response to pulmonary vasodilators.
Data Supplement from Association of EGFR Expression Level and Cetuximab Activity in Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Human Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Table S2. Mann-Whitney test P-values relating to the differences in log2 tumor/control ratios at week 3 for cetuximab monotherapy/control and cisplatin plus cetuximab/cisplatin alone between tumors with low and high EGFR expression as determined by different EGFR immunohistochemistry score thresholds.</p>
Enhanced Crystallization Properties of Poly(lactic acid) Nanocomposites Assisted by Poly(amidoamine) Functionalized Graphene Oxide

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is attracting a great deal of research interest regarding improvement of general crystallization and mechanical properties. Herein, the preparation of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers functionalized graphene oxide (PAMAM-GO)/PLA composites is described. PAMAM-GO was successfully performed by in situ polymerization and was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), FT-IR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. The polarized optical microscope (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) observations demonstrated that, in comparison with the case of neat PLA or PLA filled with pristine GO, PAMAM-GO case acted as a nucleating agent to remarkably enhance crystallization. The present method will provide a feasible novel opportunity toward the application of supramolecular chemistry for the processing of polymer and the functionalization of GO.
Quantitative defect etching of GaAs on Si: Is it possible?

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The Wright etch [M. W. Jenkins, J. Electrochem. Soc. 124, 757 (1977)], hitherto used to reveal defects in silicon, has been examined as a defect etchant for GaAs epitaxial layers on silicon. Various calibration techniques, including transmission electron microscopy of etched epitaxial layers, have been used to establish that etch features correspond with dislocations. Problems involved in direct comparisons of defect densities measured by different methods are discussed.
Amaranthus tricolor L. VI054573

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Amaranthus tricolor L.
Common name(s): Amaranth
Other names: GB 54210
Conserved by: World Vegetable Center (WorldVeg), Chinese Taipei (Taiwan)
Local sample unique identifier: VI054573
Method of creation: Inherited
Date: 2003-02-24
Other identifiers: n/a,TOT6656
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
MLS status: Included
AST/GOT1 expression status in primary resection specimen as a prognostic biomarker in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

e15245 Background: A novel metabolic link in PDAC has recently been established whereby the mutated KRAS molecule acts as a modulator of the cancer cell’s redox maintenance system via an increase in the Glutamic-Oxalacetic Transaminase 1 (GOT1) expression. The clinical relevance of the metabolic KRAS-GOT link is unknown in primary human patient samples. Here we studied whether the GOT1 expression status (a) correlates with the KRAS mutation status, (b) can be identified via specific clinicopathological phenotypes, and (c) has prognostic relevance. Methods: We analyzed two independent PDAC cohorts: 1. ‘International Cancer Genome Consortium’; (ICGC, 57 patients with whole-exome sequencing, genome wide expression profile, clinicopathological data, follow up) and 2. ‘Ulm’ (122 patients with molecular genetic workup, tissue-microarray, clinicopathological data, follow up). GOT1-overexpression was assessed via RNA level (ICGC) and immunohistochemistry (Ulm). Results: (a) In both cohorts the GOT1 expression status was not predictive of the KRAS mutation status (P=0.2, ICGC; P=0.8, Ulm), indicating that GOT1 assessment cannot serve as a surrogate marker for KRAS mutation testing and that additional modulatory factors at play. (b) Phenotype comparison of each cohort showed that GOT1 high/positive subgroups do not differ by age, sex, T-, N-, M- status, AJCC stage grouping or tumor grading (P=0.08-1.00). (c) Outcome analyses revealed longer overall survival times for patients with GOT1 high-expressing tumors (P=0.093, ICGC; P=0.049, Ulm). After the combination of both cohorts and multivariate testing, the overall survival of GOT1 high-expressing tumors is significantly longer compared to low-expressing tumors (P=0.009) and may serve as an independent prognostic marker in up to 68% of patients. Conclusions: Despite a lack of correlation between the GOT1 expression status and the KRAS mutation, or a specific clinicopathological phenotype, our findings indicate that the GOT1 expression status is a valuable prognostic biomarker in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Photorefractive Effect in Cubic Crystals under a Revolving Electric Field

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present the results of a theoretical and experimental investigation of the photorefractive effect under a revolving external electric field in BSO and BTO crystals. We show that the revolving field enhances 90°-shifted with respect to the interference pattern space-charge field, which does not depend on the recorded grating orientation. We analyze in detail the effect of the external applied field on the two-wave mixing and show that the direction of maximum momentary two-wave mixing gain changes synchronously with the revolving applied field. We propose a configuration that demonstrates an isotropic polar pattern of the time average two-wave mixing gain.
Should we make them study Czech while they study here? Change of Students’ Attitudes towards Learning Czech during Study Abroad

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper presents the findings of a pilot study carried out among American students coming to the Czech Republic for one semester within their study abroad programme at Charles University, Prague, taking Elementary Czech Course as a part of their compulsory syllabus. The aim of the study was two-fold: 1) to assess the options such research may bring and 2) to gather some data for the upcoming research to create hypotheses regarding the attitudes and motivation towards learning Czech as a second language. During three consecutive semesters, 174 students participated in filling out questionnaires. The findings have confirmed that the students’ attitudes change throughout the semester and they have also shown some factors influencing the initial and final attitudes. The majority of students display rather negative emotions (anxiety) relating to learning Czech at the beginning but at the end most of them express a positive attitude. The findings imply some pedagogic suggestions regarding the syllabus and course design.
Optimization of an industrial heat exchanger by the minimalization of entropy

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Práce pojednává o analýze tří různých druhů tepelných výměníků pomocí druhého termodynamického zákona. Generace entropie, jako kvantitativní míra nevratnosti (nedokonalosti) vztažené k přenosu tepla a tekutinového tření při provozu, slouží jako přímá míra ztracené schopnosti přenést teplo. Dále byl vytvořen matematický model, který využívá metodu efektivnosti-NTU společně s citlivostní analýzou a minimalizace čísla generace entropie, které je funkcí optimální proudové cesty a bezrozměrové hmotnostní rychlosti.
Imiquimod: the biochemical mechanisms of immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Imidazoquinolins represent a new group of compounds that recently entered into clinical practice as anti-tumor and anti-viral immune modulators. They are low molecular weight synthetic guanosine-like molecules. Although imiquimod, the most widely used imidazoquinolin, is recommended for the treatment of several forms of skin cancer and papillomas, the molecular mechanisms of its action are not fully understood. In particular, imiquimod has been characterized as a specific agonist of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and is widely used in this capacity in a large number of experimental studies and clinical trials. However, detailed analysis of the published data with the use of imiquimod, suggests that its biological activity can not be explained only by interaction with TLR7. There are indications of a direct interaction of imiquimod with adenosine receptors and other molecules that regulate the synthesis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate. A detailed understanding of the biochemical basis of imiquimod immunomodulating and antitumor effect will increase its clinical effectiveness and accelerate the development of new drugs with similar but improved medical properties. This review summarizes the published data concerning the effects of imiquimod on a variety of intracellular biochemical processes and signaling pathways.
Operational support for Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) attitude sensors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) has several sensors that can provide observations for attitude determination: star trackers, Sun sensors (gimbaled as well as fixed), magnetometers, Earth sensors, and gyroscopes. The accuracy of these observations is important for mission success. Analysts on the Flight Dynamics Facility (FDF) UARS Attitude task monitor these data to evaluate the performance of the sensors taking corrective action when appropriate. Monitoring activities range from examining the data during real-time passes to constructing long-term trend plots. Increasing residuals (differences) between the observed and expected quantities is a prime indicator of sensor problems. Residual increases may be due to alignment shifts and/or degradation in sensor output. Residuals from star tracker data revealed and anomalous behavior that contributes to attitude errors. Compensating for this behavior has significantly reduced the attitude errors. This paper discusses the methods used by the FDF UARS attitude task for maintenance of the attitude sensors, including short- and long-term monitoring, trend analysis, and calibration methods, and presents the results obtained through corrective action.
High-Linearity 19-dB Power Amplifier for 140–220 GHz, Saturated at 15 dBm, in 130-nm SiGe

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This letter presents an integrated power amplifier (PA), with high linearity and efficiency, which uses a passive four-way power distribution network to increase the maximum output levels. The gain unit consists of a differential preamplifier and power stage, interfaced by passive baluns at the input and output. The circuit is intended for ultrawideband mm-wave communication systems operating around 180 GHz. It exhibits a gain of 19 dB, with low ripple and group delay variation, over a large bandwidth of 80 GHz. The 1-dB compression point and the saturated output power occur around 13 and 15 dBm, respectively. The maximum dc power consumption is 830 mW and results in a power-added efficiency of up to 3.5%. The final chip occupies an area of 0.92 mm 2 and is implemented in a 130-nm SiGe BiCMOS process, which offers a maximum oscillation frequency f max of 450 GHz. To the best of authors' knowledge, this circuit demonstrates one of the largest bandwidths, in combination with the highest output power and best linearity, of any silicon-based PA operating above 200 GHz.
Prevention of Succinylcholine Induced Postoperative Myalgia by Pretreatment with Lignocaine: A Randomized Controlled Study

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Succinylcholine, a depolarizing muscle relaxant possesses a unique property of rapid onset and short duration of action, but is accompanied by side effects such as fasciculation and myalgia. The aim of this study was to investigate the prophylactic effect of intravenous lignocaine on the incidence and severity of succinylcholine-induced postoperative myalgia. This was a randomized controlled double blind study conducted at National Institute of ENT Dhaka, during September to December 2017. Eighty adult patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists status I and II of both sexes for elective surgery under general anesthesia were randomly allocated into two equal groups, lignocaine group and normal saline group. The patients of lignocaine group were pretreated with lignocaine 1.5 mg/kg body weight in 5 ml volume, while patients of normal saline group were given isotonic saline 0.9% in the same volume (5 ml) intravenously. Thereafter, anesthesia was induced in all patients, by injecting 1.5 mg/kg of fentanyl and 2 mg/kg of propofol intravenously. Following the loss of eyelid reflex, 1.5 mg/kg of succinylcholine was injected intravenously as a muscle relaxant and then the patients were intubated. The incidence and severity of myalgia were assessed by a blinded observer 24 hours after surgery. In terms of demographic data, the results of this study showed that there is no significant difference between patients in both groups (P>0.05). Overall, the incidence and severity of succinylcholine-induced myalgia in lignocaine group was significantly less, when compared with normal saline group (P<0.05). Pretreatment with intravenous lignocaine is effective in prevention of postoperative succinylcholine induced myalgia. Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jan 2019;14(1): 13-15
SPH-4 Aircrew Helmet Impact Protection Improvements 1970-1990

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : The Sound Protective Helmet-4 (SPH-4), a derivative of the Navy SPH- 3, has been used by the Army since1970. As our knowledge of crash environments and human impact tolerance has increased through analyses of aircraft accidents and laboratory research, the performance of the standard SPH-4 helmet has been continuously reappraised, and the helmet's shell, liner, retention, earcups, and suspension have been upgraded to provide more impact protection. This report includes a discussion of improvements made in the SPH-4 helmet and the effects these improvements have had on its performance. The SPH-4, SPH-4B, and HGU-56/P are compared in terms of major design features, impact protection, and retention capabilities. The development of helmet impact testing methodology used at the U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory, Fort Rucker, Alabama, also is discussed.
Some endogonaceous mycorrhizal fungi from China.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

25 species of Endogonaceae isolated from agricultural fields of Guangzhou, Kunming,Wuhan,Beijing and Harbin in China were described,of which,16 species are in Glomus,4 species in Acaulospora,3 species in Scutellospora,1 species in Gigaspora and 1 species in Entrophospora,and sporocarps of Sclerocystis were found.Among them 5 genera except Glomus and 20 species in the 6 genera are new to record in China.
Environmental regulation and innovation in high-pollution industries: A case study in a Brazilian refinery

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This article discusses the influence of environmental regulation on the adoption of new production techniques by a Brazilian petroleum refinery (Replan). Two kinds of techniques adopted in order to comply with environmental regulation are described: techniques to control local environmental impacts (water, air and soil contamination) and techniques to produce less-polluting diesel. The article uses secondary data and primary data collected in Replan and in the Petrobras R&D Center. The research covers the period between 1999 and 2003, when strict environmental regulation forced Brazilian refineries to update their production processes. Thus, the analysis of this article is focused on how Replan had reacted to the tightening of regulation. From the standpoint of evolutionary economics, the environmental regulation is considered a contextual determinant of the adoption of environmental technology. It is concluded that in the case of Replan, environmental regulation brought about the need of huge investments to adapt processes and products to new standards. The case also demonstrates the usefulness of environmental regulation as a policy tool for inducing highly polluting industries to adopt technologies that can mitigate environmental impacts and also promote technological learning in new environmental technologies.
A NEW, PORTABLE DRUG TESTING SYSTEM

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

One of the latest developments of Syva Company a subsidiary of Syntex Corporation, Palo Alto, California U.S.A. is the new EMIT-ST Drug Detection System. The new system has been designed for the qualitative analysis of drugs of abuse in urine or serum using homogeneous enzyme immunoassays and simple, dedicated instrumentation. The system has been integrally designed to be so simple to operate and maintain that non-technically trained individuals could accurately perform drug analysis with only minutes of training. This portable system for the analysis of drugs of abuse in urine and serum can rapidly provide the principal information needed by investigators or clinicians when its needed.