jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Exploiting DNA repair defects in breast cancer: from chemotherapy to immunotherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Impaired DNA damage response (DDR) and subsequent genomic instability are associated with the carcinogenic process itself, but it also results in sensitivity of tumor cells to certain drugs and can be exploited to treat cancer by inducing deadly mutations or mitotic catastrophe. Exploiting DDR defects in breast cancer cells has been one of the main strategies in both conventional chemotherapy, targeted therapies, or immunotherapies. Areas covered: In this review, the authors first discuss DDR mechanisms in healthy cells and DDR defects in breast cancer, then focus on current therapies and developments in the treatment of DDR-deficient breast cancer. Expert opinion: Among conventional chemotherapeutics, platinum-based regimens, in particular, seem to be effective in DDR-deficient patients. PARP inhibitors represent one of the successful models of translational research in this area and clinical data showed high efficacy and reasonable toxicity with these agents in patients with breast cancer and BRCA mutation. Recent studies have underlined that some subtypes of breast cancer are highly immunogenic. Promising activity has been shown with immunotherapeutic agents, particularly in DDR-deficient breast cancers. Chemotherapeutics, DNA-repair pathway inhibitors, and immunotherapies might result in further improved outcomes in certain subsets of patients with breast cancer and DDR.
Semi-Classical Asymptotics of Riesz Means

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The semi-classical asymptotic behaviour of the Riesz means of a distribution of eigenvalues is investigated at a non-critical energy level. For Schrödinger type operators, the second term related to the periodic trajectories of the classical Hamiltonian is obtained. This oscillating term is explained for Riesz means of order 1 with the aim of discussing a Lieb–Thirring conjecture.
Urban design and planning influences on the share of trips taken by cycling

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examines the effect of different street pattern, road infrastructure and other physical attributes on the share of bicycle trips in a community area. Using the 2011 census data and the road infrastructure data of Calgary city, the study finds that different street patterns have significant effects on bicycle usage and thus, should be considered in the development of new communities for promoting active transport. Also, increases in the percentage of green space (agricultural and park areas) and semi-detached houses are associated with greater bicycle use, whereas an increase in the number and/or size (area) of road intersections is associated with reduced bicycle use relative to other modes of transport.
Neurotropic virus infection and neurodegenerative diseases: Potential roles of autophagy pathway

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) constitute a group of disorders characterized by the progressive deterioration of nervous system functionality. Currently, the precise etiological factors responsible for NDs remain incompletely elucidated, although it is probable that a combination of aging, genetic predisposition, and environmental stressors participate in this process. Accumulating evidence indicates that viral infections, especially neurotropic viruses, can contribute to the onset and progression of NDs. In this review, emerging evidence supporting the association between viral infection and NDs is summarized, and how the autophagy pathway mediated by viral infection can cause pathological aggregation of cellular proteins associated with various NDs is discussed. Furthermore, autophagy‐related genes (ARGs) involved in Herpes simplex virus (HSV‐1) infection and NDs are analyzed, and whether these genes could link HSV‐1 infection to NDs is discussed. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying NDs is critical for developing targeted therapeutic approaches that prevent the onset and slow the progression of NDs.
Sucessful Treatment of Multiple Drug Resistance with Ofloxacin in a Leprosy Patient

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Correspondence Section serves as a forum for opinion exchange about subjects of general interest such as dermatologic traning, relations between dermatologists and pharmaceutical houses, governmental control of dermatology and medical practice in general, peculiarities of dermatology related to geographic, climaic, or racial factors, the flow of information and publications, as well as other concerns the readership might have. Originality is highly desirable and repititious contributions or minutiae are discouraged. We wish also to foster submission of hypotheses marked accordingly. These should be based on reality and should stimulate thought. Contributions should conform to the format for correspondence as outlined in, “Notice to Contributors,” Manuscripts will undergo standard etitorial procedures. Submit all correspondence to Mauricio Goihman‐Yahr, M.D., Ph.D., Section Editor, Jet International M‐154, P.O. Box 020010, Miami, FL 33102.
Ab Initio Neural Network Potential Energy Surface and Quantum Dynamics Calculations on Na(2S) + H2 → NaH + H Reaction

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The collisions between Na atoms and H2 molecules are of great significance in the field of chemical reaction dynamics, but the corresponding dynamics results of ground-state reactions have not been reported experimentally or theoretically. Herein, a global and high-precision potential energy surface (PES) of NaH2 (12A′) is constructed by the neural network model based on 21,873 high-level ab initio points. On the newly constructed PES, the quantum dynamics calculations on the Na(2S) + H2(v0 = 0, j0 = 0) → NaH + H reaction are carried out using the time-dependent wave packet method to study the microscopic reaction mechanism at the state-to-state level. The calculated results show that the low-vibrational products are mainly formed by the dissociation of the triatomic complex; whereas, the direct reaction process dominates the generation of the products with high-vibrational states. The reaction generally follows the direct H-abstraction process, and there is also the short-lived complex-forming mechanism that occurs when the collision energy exceeds the reaction threshold slightly. The PES could be used to further study the stereodynamics effects of isotope substitution and rovibrational excitations on the title reaction, and the presented dynamics data would provide an important reference on the corresponding experimental research at a higher level.
Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In this paper, we address the problem of detecting outlier samples with highly different expression patterns in microarray data. Although outliers are not common, they appear even in widely used benchmark data sets and can negatively affect microarray data analysis. It is important to identify outliers in order to explore underlying experimental or biological problems and remove erroneous data. We propose an outlier detection method based on principal component analysis (PCA) and robust estimation of Mahalanobis distances that is fully automatic. We demonstrate that our outlier detection method identifies biologically significant outliers with high accuracy and that outlier removal improves the prediction accuracy of classifiers. Our outlier detection method is closely related to existing robust PCA methods, so we compare our outlier detection method to a prominent robust PCA method. ∗The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers, whose comments helped improve the manuscript.
Healthcare products and food supplements in Poland - a comparison

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The analysis of the level of consumption of food supplements by Poles raises increasing controversy. Many communities pay attention to the alarming situation, including, among others, Central Apothecary Council, National Institute of Medicine, Office of Competition and Consumer Protection, National Sanitary Inspectorate or the Supreme Chamber of Control. For the purpose of this paper, the studies were conducted with the use of the desk research technique. There are many factors which affect the increase in food supplement sales in Poland. One of them is the lack of basic client knowledge concerning the differences between healthcare products and food supplements. Clients identify supplements with medicine, which is wrong. Due to the above, the purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the differences between healthcare products and food supplements. As result, a set of criteria will be established, which will be used to conduct a comparative analysis for a healthcare product and food supplement.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Diastereoselective Cascade Cyclization to Construct Polycyclic Spiroindolines

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We herein reported, a visible‐light‐induced K 2 S 2 O 8 mediated cascade reaction of 3‐(2‐isocyanoethyl)indoles with α ‐oxocarboxylic acids leading to diastereoselective synthesis of polycyclic spiroindolines bearing an N ‐formyl unit derivative utilising the alkali metal salt K 2 S 2 O 8 as a mediator under mild reaction conditions. This study offers an illustration of α ‐oxocarboxylic acids and 3‐(2‐isocyanoethyl)indoles‐based reactions as it shows the involvement of glyoxolate ions without decarboxylation to access polycyclic spiroindolines bearing an N ‐formyl unit analogue. The batch process can be extended to a continuous flow system using a glass tube loaded with K 2 S 2 O 8 placed between the PFA capillary reactor, which can greatly advance the reaction efficiency and can even be promoted to gram‐scale synthesis.
Influx of podoplanin‐expressing inflammatory macrophages into the genital tract following Chlamydia infection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection remains a major health issue as it causes severe complications including pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy and infertility in females as a result of infection‐associated chronic inflammation. Podoplanin, a transmembrane receptor, has been previously reported on inflammatory macrophages. Thus, strategies that specifically target podoplanin might be able to reduce local inflammation. This study investigated the expression level and function of podoplanin in a C. trachomatis infection model. C57BL/6 mice infected with the mouse pathogen Chlamydia muridarum were examined intermittently from days 1 to 60 using flow cytometry analysis. Percentages of conventional macrophages (CD11b + CD11c − F4/80 + ) versus inflammatory macrophages (CD11b + CD11c + F4/80 + ), and the expression of podoplanin in these cells were investigated. Subsequently, a podoplanin‐knockout RAW264.7 cell was used to evaluate the function of podoplanin in C. trachomatis infection. Our findings demonstrated an increased CD11b + cell volume in the spleen at day 9 after the infection, with augmented podoplanin expression, especially among the inflammatory macrophages. A large number of podoplanin‐expressing macrophages were detected in the genital tract of C. muridarum –infected mice. Furthermore, analysis of the C. trachomatis –infected patients demonstrated a higher percentage of podoplanin‐expressing monocytes than that in the noninfected controls. Using an in vitro infection in a transwell migration assay, we identified that macrophages deficient in podoplanin displayed defective migratory function toward C. trachomatis –infected HeLa 229 cells. Lastly, using immunoprecipitation–mass spectrometry method, we identified two potential podoplanin interacting proteins, namely, Cofilin 1 and Talin 1 actin‐binding proteins. The present study reports a role of podoplanin in directing macrophage migration to the chlamydial infection site. Our results suggest a potential for reducing inflammation in individuals with chronic chlamydial infections by targeting podoplanin.
Cocoa polyphenols enhance positive mood states but not cognitive performance: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study aimed to examine the acute and sub-chronic effects of cocoa polyphenols on cognition and mood. In a randomized, double-blind study, healthy middle-aged participants received a dark chocolate drink mix standardized to contain 500 mg, 250 mg or 0 mg of polyphenols (placebo) in a parallel-groups design. Participants consumed their assigned treatment once daily for 30 days. Cognition was measured with the Cognitive Drug Research system and self-rated mood with the Bond–Lader Visual Analogue Scale. Participants were tested at baseline, at 1, 2.5 and 4 h after a single acute dose and again after receiving 30 days of treatment. In total, 72 participants completed the trial. After 30 days, the high dose of treatment significantly increased self-rated calmness and contentedness relative to placebo. Mood was unchanged by treatment acutely while cognition was unaffected by treatment at all time points. This randomized controlled trial is perhaps the first to demonstrate the positive effects of cocoa polyphenols on mood in healthy participants. This provides a rationale for exploring whether cocoa polyphenols can ameliorate the symptoms associated with clinical anxiety or depression.
Additional file 1 of Doppler study of portal vein and renal venous velocity predict the appropriate fluid response to diuretic in ICU: a prospective observational echocardiographic evaluation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Additional file 1: Table S1. Hemodynamic and echocardiographic measurements according to congestive response to diuretic treatment (Appropriate fluid depletion vs Control). $p < 0.05 comparison between two groups of patient. *p < 0.05 comparison with baseline.
Stabilization of gold doped single-walled carbon nanotube film by electropolymerization

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We report poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) as a conducting polymer useful for stabilizing gold chloride (HAuCl4)-doped single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) film. A specific area was sprayed with SWCNT on a polyethylene terephthalate substrate supported by a slide glass, followed by HAuCl4 doping. The SWCNT film was electropolymerized with 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT). Transparency of 91% at 550 nm wavelength with 150 Ω/sq of sheet resistance was achieved with this method. Unlike general AuCl3 doped SWCNT film, the sheet resistance remained stable for up to 4 months. The electropolymerization of PEDOT on the doped film could eliminate the hygroscopic effects through the redox reaction between EDOT and gold chloride salts.
Plasmonic Detection of Carbohydrate‐Mediated Biological Events

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The incorporation of nanomaterials in glycoscience research enables the design of highly selective and sensitive bioanalytical devices for the detection of disease‐associated biomarkers. In particular, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopies are powerful biosensing techniques that employ metallic nanostructures to achieve efficient detection of biomolecules. Herein, the most recent achievements are reviewed toward the use of plasmonic nanomaterials together with glycans or glycan‐interacting moieties, to detect carbohydrate‐mediated biological interactions. The review thus focuses on the use of novel optical nanosensors, mainly LSPR and SERS, for the detection of saccharides, lectins, viruses, bacteria, and even whole eukaryotic cells.
Tissue plasminogen activator: peptide analyses confirm an indirectly derived amino acid sequence, identify the active site serine residue, establish glycosylation sites, and localize variant differences

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Tissue plasminogen activator, separated into variants I and II (differing in Mr by 2000-3000), was reduced and [14C]carboxymethylated. Fragments from cleavages with enzymes and cyanogen bromide (CNBr) were separated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and subjected to sequence degradations. All seven CNBr fragments were purified and found to be compatible with the cDNA-derived amino acid sequence [Pennica, D., Holmes, W. E., Kohr, W. J., Harkins, R. N., Vehar, G. A., Ward, C. A., Bennett, W. F., Ylverton, E., Seeburg, P. H., Heynecker, H. L., Goeddel, D. V., & Collen, D. (1983) Nature (London) 301, 214-221]. Chemical characterization of 93% of the 527 residues recovered in 50 peptides confirmed the indirectly deduced primary structure of the protein. The tryptic peptide patterns from the two variants were found to differ for one peptide (T15). Since carbohydrate was present in this peptide for variant I and since a marked difference in chromatographic behavior for T15 was observed in variant II, we conclude that carbohydrate differences in this peptide (i.e., Asn-184 in the numbering system of the cDNA-derived amino acid sequence) are the explanation for the size differences between variants I and II. Carbohydrate was also found at two other positions in the protein, corresponding to Asn-117 and Asn-448. However, a fourth potential glycosylation site, Asn-218, is apparently not utilized for carbohydrate attachment. The enzyme is inactivated by diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate, which covalently modifies the serine residue corresponding to position 478, identifying this as the active site serine residue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Fexofenadine Hydrochloride Dispersible Tablets: A Taste Masking Strategy using Ion Exchange Resin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The pediatric population is more sensitive to allergies. Fexofenadine hydrochloride (FXD-HCL), a non-sedative antihistaminic drug, was chosen to create taste-masked patient-compliant pediatric dispersible tablets. Due to its bitter taste, fexofenadine hydrochloride is unsuitable for the formulation of dispersible tablets; therefore, Kyron T-134®, cation exchange resin was used to form a taste-masked complex with the drug to overcome its bitterness. The FXD HCL-resin complex was prepared using a kneading method and the complexation was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry and FTIR studies. The FXD HCL-resin complex was evaluated for flow properties, degree of bitterness, assay and release study. Dispersible tablets were formulated by using a co-processed excipient, Granfiller-D211® containing croscarmellose sodium and crosspovidone, microcrystalline cellulose and mannitol. 22 factorial designs with two replicates optimized the dispersible tablets. The tablets, prepared using the direct compression technique on a single-stroke tablet compression machine, were elegant in appearance. Various pre and post-compression tests were conducted on all formulations. The tablets of hardness 3.5 kg/cm2 showed friability, disintegration time, assay within the compendial limit and showed immediate release of a drug (NLT 60% in 10 min and NLT 80% in 30 minutes) in 0.001 N HCl (pH 3). The DSC thermogram indicated partial amorphization of the FXD HCL. Dispersible tablets of fexofenadine hydrochloride and Granfiller-D®211 at 1:4 proportion was stable for one month at ambient and accelerated storage conditions.
The Crisis: a Conjunctural Problem or the Result of the Logic of Global Accumulation?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

THERE IS A RISK when focusing on an event of not appreciating the situation in which it lies. Of course, there are enormous risks associated with seeking to understand the complex whole when working with a set of relations, which can be difficult to account for in a coherent manner. Perhaps an attempt to understand the complexity is worth the trouble in order to go beyond the basic analyses that relate the current crisis to just an irrational collapse concentrated in
Pemberdayaan DUIT:

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic has hampered the ministry of church leaders to the congregation, including when implementing the PPKM policy. Mutual attention between congregations is also reduced. However, the emergence of the "Immanuel Tresno (DUIT) Public Kitchen" has eased the burden on the GKJ Immanuel congregation in Surakarta who was exposed to Covid-19. This research aims to explain the significance of participatory leadership through the DUIT forum in empowering the congregation during the PPKM Covid-19 pandemic. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Collecting data through interviews with DUIT managers and congregations served by DUIT and DUIT's written sources. The research was carried out from July to October 2021. The results of the research are that there are four main points of significance for participatory leadership, namely being responsive, active, effective, and creative in empowering the congregation during the PPKM Covid-19 pandemic to serve victims exposed to Covid-19. This finding is important to inspire leaders in their ministry to the congregation and other communities, especially during emergency situations. Abstrak: Pandemi Covid-19 membuat pelayanan pemimpin gereja kepada jemat mengalami hambatan termasuk saat penerapan kebijakan Pemberlakuan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat (PPKM). Saling perhatian antar jemaat juga berkurang. Namun munculnya wadah “Dapur Umum Immanuel Tresno (DUIT)”, telah meringankan beban jemaat GKJ Immanuel di Surakarta yang terpapar Covid-19. Penelitan ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan signifikansi kepemimpinan partisipatif melalui wadah DUIT dalam pemberdayaan jemaat pada masa PPKM pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara kepada pengelola DUIT dan jemaat yang dilayani oleh DUIT dan sumber-sumber tertulis milik DUIT. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli sampai Oktober 2021. Hasil penelitian yaitu adanya empat pokok signifikansi kepemimpinan partisipatif yaitu responsif, aktif, efektif, dan kreatif dalam memberdayakan jemaat di masa PPKM pandemi Covid-19 untuk melayani korban yang terpapar Covid-19. Temuan ini penting untuk memberi inspirasi kepada para pemimpin dalam pelayanannya kepada jemaat dan masyarakat lainnya terlebih ketika dalam situasi darurat.
Two‐ step synthesis and luminescent properties of BaB2O4:Eu3+ nano/microphosphors prepared from Ba‐B‐O:Eu3+ precursor

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The BaB 2 O 4 :Eu 3+ nano/microphosphors with sphere‐, rod‐, and granular‐like morphologies were successfully obtained by a two‐step method using Ba‐B‐O:Eu 3+ as the precursor. The structure, morphology and photoluminescent properties of the products were characterized by Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry‐differential thermal analysis (TG‐DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photoluminescence (PL). The formation mechanisms of Ba‐B‐O:Eu 3+ and BaB 2 O 4 :Eu 3+ were proposed. The results show that the BaB 2 O 4 :Eu 3+ could retain the original morphologies of their respective precursors largely. The BaB 2 O 4 :Eu 3+ prepared by this two‐step method exhibited better morphology, smaller particle size and better crystallinity than when prepared by a solid‐state method. The granular‐like BaB 2 O 4 :Eu 3+ red phosphor prepared by this two‐step method exhibited stronger PL intensity and better red color purity than when prepared by a solid‐state method.