jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of sodium pump regulation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The Na + -K + -ATPase, or sodium pump, is the membrane-bound enzyme that maintains the Na + and K + gradients across the plasma membrane of animal cells. Because of its importance in many basic and specialized cellular functions, this enzyme must be able to adapt to changing cellular and physiological stimuli. This review presents an overview of the many mechanisms in place to regulate sodium pump activity in a tissue-specific manner. These mechanisms include regulation by substrates, membrane-associated components such as cytoskeletal elements and the γ-subunit, and circulating endogenous inhibitors as well as a variety of hormones, including corticosteroids, peptide hormones, and catecholamines. In addition, the review considers the effects of a range of specific intracellular signaling pathways involved in the regulation of pump activity and subcellular distribution, with particular consideration given to the effects of protein kinases and phosphatases.
Subgrouping in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Based on Actigraphy and Illness Severity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Participants with chronic fatigue syndrome were categorized into subtypes based on actigraphy and illness selfreport symptom severity data. Each method identified two groups of patients, one with severe and one with less severe manifestations of the illness. For both subtypes, those in the more severe category had more physical functioning problems than those in the less severe categories. However, for the illness self-report symptom group, those in the more severe category had significantly more impairment in sleep, anxiety, depression, and pain, and more concurrent psychiatric status and Fibromyalgia than those in the less severe category. In contrast, those in the more severe actigraphy subtype group in comparison to the less severe group had more impairment in quality of life and cortisol readings. These findings suggest that CFS subtypes based on symptom severity and amount of activity identify different groups of patients with varying types of impairments.
A new species of Grandinenia Minato &amp; Chen, 1984 (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, Clausiliidae, Garnieriinae) from Guangxi, China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A molecular phylogenetic study was conducted on genus Grandinenia , based on COI and 16S sequences. A total of eight out of 26 species in the genus, as well as three unidentified species were sequenced. Phylogenetic results supported the monophyly of Grandinenia and the validity of all sampled species and subspecies. A new species, Grandinenia jiangjilini Chen, Lin, Wu & Ouyang, sp. nov. , from Guangxi, southern China is identified and described, based on morphological comparison and molecular phylogeny. The discovery indicates that the inflated-fusiform shell is not isolated in genus Grandinenia and the species diversity of the genus still remains to be explored.
Social Relationships, Food Security, Protein Intake, and Hospitalization in Homebound Older Adults: A PATH Analysis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The objective of this study was to measure direct and indirect relationships between food insecurity (FI), protein intake, social relationships, depressive symptoms, and their impact on hospitalization among home-delivered meal (HDM) recipients, compared to controls, using structural equation modeling. The analysis used data from the National Outcomes Evaluation Study (2015-2017) of the OAANSP. HDM recipients' mean usual protein intake was significantly higher than controls, but both groups had mean intakes below recommendations. Eating alone was inversely associated with lower protein intake and greater hospitalizations in controls. FI, prevalent in 25.1% of HDM recipient and 16% of controls, was associated with lower protein intake in both groups. Receiving instrumental social support was directly associated with lesser severity of FI in recipients. and more depressive symptoms only in controls. HDM recipients and controls may be at high risk for protein insufficiency, underscored by high prevalence of FI.
Renovation of the tractor fleet in the agriculture of the region

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The article examines the prospect of renewing the tractor fleet in the agriculture of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. It is based on the assessment of the actual composition and renewal of the tractor fleet over the past five years using the developed models for the formation of tractor availability in production. In the period from 2016 to 2020 the annual fleet reduction was 2.90%, with a decrease of 4.76% and a renewal of 1.86%. Tractor availability decreased from 3.40 to 3.27 reference units per 1000 hectares of arable land with practically unchanged age composition and amounted to 69.3% of the norm. A significant reduction in the number of the tractor fleet is compensated by its renewal due to the purchase of wheeled tractors of higher power than those that have departed. The existing rates of renovation do not allow to form in the near future even the basis of the innovation park. It needs to be updated with a simultaneous increase in the number of the main standard sizes of tractors. The average annual increase in the number of tractors in the fleet should be 105 physical or 271 reference units. The total number of the innovation park is 7869 physical or 8708 reference units with a conventional conversion factor of 1.107 and a standard tractor supply of 4.718 reference tractors per 1000 hectares of arable land. The indicated indicators of renewal will make it possible to form the composition of the innovative tractor fleet of the region by 2030.
Shortages of medicines in a psychiatric hospital in Cyprus

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The incidence of drug shortages has surged in recent years and it poses a major threat to public health worldwide. It can also downgrade the quality of care provided to patients. Data concerning shortages pertinent to mental health care are scarce, while treatment continuity is vital to avert disease recurrence and deterioration of patients’ mental health. Objective The scope of this study is to elucidate the attitudes and perceptions of mental health professionals regarding drug shortages in Cyprus in a tertiary health institute, through a specially designed questionnaire. Results The most frequently reported effects of psychiatric drug shortages were the impaired efficacy of the alternative therapeutic regimen, re-admission of patients, delays in care provision and increased frequency of adverse events. Concerning the loss of working hours in managing drug shortages, the majority responded that they dedicate 1 to 5 working hours to this per week. Informing the patient about alternative medication and the ongoing shortages were the first strategies to minimise the effects of shortages, as attested by 74% and 72% of responders, respectively. The proposed solutions for drug shortages included thorough investigation of the root causes, the elaboration of an e-based database, drawing up a national annual report and assuming legal responsibility of pharmaceutical companies. Drug shortages constitute an important burden in the field of mental health care in Cyprus. Given the serious impact of the problem and the externalities of mental health disorders, appropriate measures must be swiftly taken to ensure timely and effective administration of the appropriate therapeutic regimen.
Exploring Enforced Collaborative Agreement in Gaming with Young People

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper explores the concept of Enforced Collaborative Agreement (ECA) whereby players in a digital game must synchronously ‘agree’ on their controller inputs in order to interact. The focus of this paper is on the collaborative strategies young people (aged 14-16 years) adopted to reach decisions and control during gameplay. A two player collocated game supporting three different interaction methods has been studied. Video analysis of gameplay, along with post-gameplay interviews, surveys and gameplay interaction logs were used to gain insights into player behavior. The key contributions of the paper are an understanding of six key strategies players adopted to reach agreement within an ECA game, a set of more general issues related to the ECA gameplay, and an exploration of the impact of different interaction methods on gameplay experience. The work highlights the potential benefits of ECA in alleviating the often solitary nature of children’s computer use.
Self-monitoring and empowering physical activity with a SMARTphone application during or after cancer treatment in a 12-week follow-up: a randomized feasibility study (SMART-trial)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background\nEvidence accumulates that an active lifestyle positively influences cancer treatment outcome. However, cancer patients experience difficulties in remaining physically active. A 'smartphone application' (app) such as ‘RunKeeper’, to self-monitoring physical activities (PA) might be an accessible solution. However, the improvement in PA caused by the use of RunKeeper still has to be determined. \n\nObjective\nTo determine the improvement in self-reported PA caused by the RunKeeper app use in a 12-week follow-up. Secondary, the usability and patients’ experiences were explored.\n\nMethods\nA single center, randomized controlled feasibility design was used in Groningen, The Netherlands. Adult patients diagnosed with cancer were recruited and randomized in ‘Group A’, usual care or ‘Group B’, RunKeeper group, who were instructed to self-monitor PA. The improvement in PA was measured by the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) at baseline, 6 weeks (T1) and post-intervention (T2). Usability and patients’ experiences were explored at post-intervention.\n\nResults\nIn total, (N=32) patients agreed to participate of which (N=24) were included in this preliminary analysis. At T1, an increase in PASE Sum Score and Total Minutes of PA was found in Group B, M= 42.3 (SDp= 31.7; d= .57, r= .27; 95% CI= -23.5-107.9; P= .19) and, M= 1186.3 (SDp= 580.1; d= .87, r= .4; 95% CI= -16.8-2389.3; P= .053) respectively. However, these results were not sustained at T2. Usability was rated by (N=6) patients, M= 78.75 (SD= 15.9; 95% CI= 62.1-95.4).\n\nConclusions\nSelf-monitoring PA with RunKeeper might be safe and feasible in cancer patients with medium to small effect-sizes. The usability is rated as good, empowered by promising positive patients’ experiences. The use of RunKeeper may be of clinical interest as a low-threshold tool to stimulate PA in cancer patients in a home-based setting.\n\nTrial Registration\nClinicalTrials.gov NCT02391454; https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02391454
L-proline analogues of anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid: cytotoxic activity in breast cancer MCF-7 cells and inhibitory activity against topoisomerase I and II.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A series of proline analogues of anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid (1-3) were synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxic activity in the cultured breast cancer MCF-7 cells. The concentrations of 1, 2 and 3 needed to inhibit [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA by 50% (IC50) were found to be 107 +/- 6 microM, 185 +/- 5 microM and 87 +/- 6 microM, respectively. To test whether cytotoxic properties were related to topoisomerase action, the most potent compounds 1 and 3 were evaluated in a cell-free system. Compound 3, which contains a basic substituent at C terminus of the amino acid such as (dimethylamino)propyl inhibited the catalytic activity of both topoisomerases I and II at a concentration of 30 and 60 microM, respectively. However, compound 1 containing an electrostatically neutral moiety, such as methyl ester did not inhibit topoisomerase I or topoisomerase II. In summary, compound 3 is a promising lead compound for a further structural variation in the design of new antitumour drugs.
*WINNER* Background Music and Reading Comprehension: Musical Training Predicts Reading Comprehension Scores

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Research is split on background music’s impact on cognitive functioning. Previous research has shown that background music has negative effects on cognitive performance, specifically in the areas of reading comprehension (Chou, 2010; Kampfe et al., 2011; Patston & Tippett 2011). Musicians have been shown to perform worse on reading comprehension in the presence of music, but with an advantage still present over non-musicians (Patston & Tippett 2011). The current study aimed to examine the effect of background music of different emotions on reading comprehension. Participants attended an experimental session where background conditions (silence or happy, sad, or scary music) while reading a passage were randomly assigned. Musical training and music emotion recognition scores were examined as covariates. Alexithymia was also measured using a scale created by Preece, Becerra, Robinson, Dandy, and Allan (2018). Preliminary analyses found that musical training was a significant predictor of reading comprehension regardless of background condition. Also, regardless of condition, musically trained participants had significantly higher reading comprehension scores than those with no musical training. The preliminary data indicates that the emotion of a piece of background music has no effect on participants’ ability to comprehend written information. As previous research has shown, musical training is a significant predictor of reading comprehension as musically trained participants did have higher reading comprehension scores than participants with no musical training regardless of background condition. As these results are from preliminary data, further collection of data may yield significant results for other comparisons.
Highly Selective Aminopyrazine‐Based Colorimetric Probe for “Naked‐Eye” Detection of Al 3+ : Experimental, Computational Studies and Applications in Molecular Logic Circuits

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A simple colorimetric probe NPA was synthesized using 2‐aminopyrazine and 2‐hydroxynaphthaldehyde. The probe had demonstrated quick response and high selectivity toward Al 3+ in the presence of other interfering metal ions. A notable color change from bright yellow to colorless was noticed on addition of aqueou solutions of Al 3+ to NPA in CH 3 CN‐H 2 O (1 : 1, v/v) in physiological pH range. 1 : 1 stoichiometry in NPA‐ Al 3+ complex was confirmed from Job's plot and mass spectrometry. Complexation of Al 3+ with the probe molecule was also confirmed using 1 H NMR spectroscopy. A theoretical model structure of the complex was proposed based on density functional theory (DFT). Disruption of conjugation in the naphthalene moiety and enhancement in intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) in the complex had decreased the absorbance of NPA . Paper strip of NPA was used for fast “on‐site” detection of Al 3+ without using any spectroscopic instrument. The probe was found reusable for several times. The probe can also be used for the development of molecular logic gate for the detection of Al 3+ .
Promising Routes to a High Li<sup>+</sup> Transference\nNumber Electrolyte for Lithium Ion Batteries

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The continued search\nfor routes to improve the power and energy\ndensity of lithium ion batteries for electric vehicles and consumer\nelectronics has resulted in significant innovation in all cell components,\nparticularly in electrode materials design. In this Review, we highlight\nan often less noted route to improving energy density: increasing\nthe Li<sup>+</sup> transference number of the electrolyte. Turning\nto Newman’s original lithium ion battery models, we demonstrate\nthat electrolytes with modestly higher Li<sup>+</sup> transference\nnumbers compared to traditional carbonate-based liquid electrolytes\nwould allow higher power densities and enable faster charging (e.g.,\n>2C), even if their conductivity was substantially lower than that\nof conventional electrolytes. Most current research in high transference\nnumber electrolytes (HTNEs) focuses on ceramic electrolytes, polymer\nelectrolytes, and ionomer membranes filled with nonaqueous solvents.\nWe highlight a number of the challenges limiting current HTNE systems\nand suggest additional work on promising new HTNE systems, such as\n“solvent-in-salt” electrolytes, perfluorinated solvent\nelectrolytes, nonaqueous polyelectrolyte solutions, and solutions\ncontaining anion-decorated nanoparticles.
Management of the Class III malocclusion treated with maxillary expansion, facemask therapy and corrective orthodontic. A 15-year follow-up

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The facial growth of Class III malocclusion worsens with age, in this case, the early orthopedic treatment, providing facial balance, modifying the maxillofacial growth and development. A 7.6-year old boy presented with Class III malocclusion associated with anterior crossbite; the mandible was shifted to the right and the maxilla had a transversal deficiency. Rapid maxillary expansion followed by facemask therapy was performed, to correct the anteroposterior relationship and improve the facial profile. The patient was followed for a 15-year period, after completion of the treatment, and stability was observed. Growing patients should be monitored following their treatment, so as to prevent malocclusion relapse.
THE RETURN OF ILLEGAL MIGRANTS AS A STRATEGIC TASK FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STATE POLICY OF UKRAINE IN THE FIELD OF INTEGRATED BORDER MANAGEMENT

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Illegal migration remains a widespread problem. Among a wide range of various ways of solving it, the final migration result can guarantee the return procedure. Their relevance is related to the introduction of an effective border policy as a tool for creating a territory of freedom, security and justice with respect for basic human rights.The meta-study of the return of illegal migrants took place in its established purpose and the current status of legal regulation in the general system of integrated border management.The return of illegal migrants is characterized taking into account methodological approaches about the obligation of coercive measures, the relationship with the protection of the state border and the humanization of its implementation. Systemic-structural and functional methods contributed to the study of the status of subjects authorized to ensure forced return and reproduction, regulatory and legal provision of cooperation in the implementation of coercive measures against foreigners and stateless persons. The comparative legal method was used to characterize the social conditioning of the application of return to combat illegal migration in different socio-political conditions in comparison with the foreign experience of border management.Conducting the forced return and removal of foreigners (stateless persons) of the object also characterizes the administrative and jurisdictional content of the procedural activity. Making a decision on the application of return has been transferred to the purely administrative sphere of competence of individual bodies, in particular, state border protection bodies. Judicial control is carried out for the detention of illegal migrants with the provision of enforcement of diversion.The evaluation of the effectiveness of the return policy of illegal migrants is based on the indicators of the fulfillment of the goals of the integrated border management strategy. It is proposed to highlight the legal, qualitative and psychological components of such efficiency.
Fast Tracking Track: A Road Map For Growing Economy of India

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The movement of goods across the country and beyond its borders has created economic opportunities for millions of India's citizens. Today, the logistics sector represents five percent of India's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employs 2.2 crore people. India handles 4.6 billion tonnes of goods each year, amounting to a total annual cost of INR 9.5 lakh crore. The present study is a review on the current freight corridor vision and mission of our Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Various junk versions are being talked in the social sphere. So, the researcher thought to work upon it and to bring out a genuine significance of the government policy of dedicated freight corridor in India. The research paper is descriptive one based upon the facts and figures broadcast by the government agencies time to time. It is a secondary data analysis done on the collection made from various reports and online available data.Classifiction-JEL: R42, L31
Assessment of groundwater sustainability in the Maipo River Basin (Chile)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In Central Chile, precipitation decreases while drinking water and irrigational demand increase. In the Maipo Basin, shortages in surface water are compensated by increased groundwater abstraction for agriculture and drinking water. Also, agricultural land is transformed due to the expansion of Santiago city. Effective groundwater management is required to protect available groundwater resources and ensure equal distribution among users. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the current groundwater management and governance framework at the basin scale. The study assesses the context of groundwater management and the functioning cooperation mechanisms between the stakeholders. Furthermore, the current knowledge gaps and challenges are identified, and approaches to improve water resources management policy are proposed. A literature and legal context analysis in the context of the Maipo Basin is supplemented by interviews and a survey among stakeholders. Groundwater sustainability indicators are applied to enhance sustainable water planning and management, support data sharing, show groundwater users’ current impact, and stimulate stakeholder communication. Lastly, a sustainable yield index is developed and proposed to assess groundwater management and to provide a concrete initial step to sustainable groundwater management in the Maipo Basin, which could be applied in other basins in Chile. The results show that groundwater is seen and treated differently than surface water, and its management and governance are neglected. Moreover, hydrological boundaries are not always respected because groundwater management is organized by administrative regions which are not always clearly based on hydrogeological boundaries, and groundwater management is decentralized. Some difficulties in allocating resources to monitoring groundwater use were found. The groundwater sustainability indicators show the urgent situation of ‘overgranting’ of groundwater rights compared to the recharge. The sustainable yield index demonstrates the unsustainable situation of the region, threatening groundwater-dependent ecosystems. Further recommendations are made towards a more robust groundwater management with the well-defined role of the General Directorate of Water (DGA).
Multi-section ion-implantation-induced saturable absorbers for high-power 1.5-μm picosecond laser diodes

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To create the 1.5-/spl mu/m single-lobed Q-switched picosecond lasers with pulse energies over 50 pJ, we used a simple InGaAsP-InP double heterostructure with a 0.25 /spl mu/m thick active layer. This choice of active layer thickness was a compromise between the capacity for storing large carrier densities in the active layer and preserving single transverse mode operation. The ultrafast saturable absorber was created by high-energy heavy ion implantation; this method has been established as highly suitable for structures with thick active layer.