jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Barthelme Unfair to Kierkegaard: Some Thoughts on Modern and Postmodern Irony

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Irony has taken some hard knocks from lately, a victim of its association with modernist strategies and theories. The reaction is understandable enough, given the urgent desire in recent years to proclaim the emergence of a new sensibility. When the mood is for manifestoes and declarations of independence, oedipal impulses typically direct themselves against the central assumptions of the previous generation or, alternately, push forward claims of radical historical discontinuity. But anyone surveying recent literature (as opposed to criticism of it) is unlikely to find reasons for either celebrating or mourning the death of irony. Whether or not one agrees with Geoffrey Thurley, for example, a preoccupation with irony and self-knowledge has secured a dislocation of sensibility exactly the reverse of the synthesis Richards, Eliot and Leavis intended to guarantee,'1 the fact is that his argument works to discredit not irony in general but what particular writers did with it. Of course, irony has undergone significant transformations since Thurley's intellectualist critics annexed it, but that is precisely the point. Somehow irony manages again and again to escape its association with this or that school and to recast itself into constantly new modes. With all the resilience and
Growth Kinetics of Gold Nanoparticle Formation from Glycated Hemoglobin

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Gold nanostructures have always been a subject of interest to physicists, chemists, and material scientists. Despite the extensive research associated with gold nanoparticles, their actual formation mechanism is still debatable. The nanoscale rearrangements leading to the formation of gold nanostructures of definite size and shape are contradictory. The study presented in here details out a mechanism for gold nanoparticle formation in the presence of a biological template. The kinetics of gold nanostructure formation was studied using glycated hemoglobin as a biological template as well as the reducing agent. Particle formation was studied in a time- and temperature-dependent manner using different biophysical techniques. Here, we report for the first time spontaneous formation of gold nanoflowers which gradually dissociates to form smaller spherical particles. In addition, our experiments conclusively substantiate the existing postulations on gold nanoparticle formation from relatively larger precursor structures of gold and contradict with the popular nucleation growth mechanism.
The SKN‐1/Nrf2 transcription factor can protect against oxidative stress and increase lifespan in C. elegans by distinct mechanisms

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Summary In C. elegans, the skn‐1 gene encodes a transcription factor that resembles mammalian Nrf2 and activates a detoxification response. skn‐1 promotes resistance to oxidative stress (Oxr) and also increases lifespan, and it has been suggested that the former causes the latter, consistent with the theory that oxidative damage causes aging. Here, we report that effects of SKN ‐1 on Oxr and longevity can be dissociated. We also establish that skn‐1 expression can be activated by the DAF ‐16/FoxO transcription factor, another central regulator of growth, metabolism, and aging. Notably, skn‐1 is required for Oxr but not increased lifespan resulting from over‐expression of DAF ‐16; concomitantly, DAF ‐16 over‐expression rescues the short lifespan of skn‐1 mutants but not their hypersensitivity to oxidative stress. These results suggest that SKN ‐1 promotes longevity by a mechanism other than protection against oxidative damage.
Testosterone Supplementation Improves Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism in Some Older Men with Abdominal Obesity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Testosterone supplementation that resulted in greater reductions in regional adiposity was associated with improved insulin sensitivity, lower LDL-C and fasting triglycerides, but lower HDL-C. Placebo controlled trials need to further examine the potential cardiometabolic risks/benefits of androgen supplementation for older men with low testosterone levels, central obesity, and insulin resistance.
Analýza systému vzdelávania a rozvoja manažérov

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The aim of this thesis is to analyze the learning and development system of managers in the company Konštrukta Industry, to evaluate this system and suggest recommendations to solve the problems. The thesis is divided into six chapters. In the first one i speak about human resource development in general, whom to develop, how, in what part and how can we motivate people, how can we make them to want to develop themselves. The second chapter is dedicated to the enterprise educational system, what are its goals, advantages. Then I describe its phases, which are educational needs identification, planning, realization and the last but not least results and efficiency evaluation. The end of this chapter is about several methods of learning and development, which are mentioned in present literature and praxis. The third and the last chapter of the theoretical part contains detailed information about managerial learning and development, where I also describe manager in general, his competences, competence model and then the main approaches and parts of the entire development process of managers. In the firs chapter of the practical part I introduce the company I co-operated with. In the next chapter I describe the system of learning and development of its employees and managers in particular. In the end of this thesis I give them some recommendations, how could they improve in the area of learning and development of their managers.
Exploring the interactions among instructor, prospective teachers and AI in facilitating mathematics learning

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Mathematics teacher educators (MTEs) have an important obligation to prepare prospective elementary mathematics teachers (PEMTs) to use artificial intelligence (AI) in their classrooms. To better understand how AI can mediate the interactions between students, teachers, and mathematics, we examined PEMTs' perceptions of AI‐integrated learning sessions in a foundational content course. We employed inductive and deductive thematic analysis to categorize these perceptions along three edges of a didactic tetrahedron for teaching and learning (AI–PEMT interactions, PEMT–instructor interactions, and AI–instructor interactions). The instructor's use of Khanmigo as an AI tutor to facilitate small‐group problem‐solving yielded several experiences categorized along the AI–PEMT and instructor–PEMT edges of the didactic tetrahedron. AI–PEMT interactions created robust opportunities to communicate and construct mathematical knowledge with Khanmigo. Instructor–PEMT interactions provided a mathematical and technological “safety net”, mitigating challenges PEMTs faced in communicating with AI. Limited evidence of PEMT descriptions of AI–instructor interactions suggests MTEs should intentionally model their instructional decision‐making and partner with AI to facilitate their lessons. PEMTs can benefit from discussing how teachers foster meaningful student engagement with AI beyond getting answers to problems. Implications for recognizing challenges and realizing the affordances of using AI to deepen mathematics learning in content courses for PEMTs are offered.
Block-matching and 3D filtering-based denoising of acoustic images obtained through point contact excitation and detection method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A novel experimental method based on the Coulomb coupling technique is used for visualizing the interaction of ultrasonic waves in PZT (Lead Zirconate Titanate - (Pb[ZrxTi1-x]O3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1)) ceramic materials. The method of excitation and detection through a point contact produces representations of propagating wave vectors in the time domain as a series of images. In the acoustic image, several types of noises from different types of sources corrupt the signal as well as the image. As a result, the resolution and quality of the images are reduced. Block matching and 3D filtering (BM3D) algorithm is implemented for the reduction of noises from ultrasonic signals that are in the form of 2D images. Here, we also implemented a custom-designed hybrid filter and conventional total variation (TV-L1) filter on the noisy images to compare the final denoised outputs from the BM3D filter. Comparison metrics like PSNR (peak signal-to-noise ratio) and SSIM (structural similarity index measure) are used for quantitative analysis of those denoised ultrasonic images with respect to their ground truth or almost noise-free counterparts. Based upon those parameter values, the BM3D filter demonstrated the best results for the denoising of the acoustic images acquired from the sample PZT material. This paper discusses and explains the results and proves the successful application of the BM3D algorithm on acoustic image data.
FIGURE 9. Sternostylus spiniger n in Squat lobsters of the superfamily Chirostyloidea (Decapoda: Anomura) from seamounts on the Nishi-Shichito and Mariana ridges, North-West Pacific off Japan, with descriptions of two new species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

FIGURE 9. Sternostylus spiniger n. sp., holotype, male (cl 16.9 mm), JAMSTEC 106770, habitus in dorsal view, showing colouration in fresh condition.
Ecumenical synods: The associations of athletes and artists in Roman empire

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the first three centuries of the Roman imperial period, Greek festival culture flourished as never before. Hundreds of cities organised their own agones, competitions for athletes and artists, which were linked to each other in an official festival calendar. Successful athletes and artists spent their entire careers travelling from one agon to the next and from one province to the other. These wandering professionals were represented by two extraordinary associations or ‘synods’: the xystic synod of athletes and the thymelic synod of artists. They styled themselves ‘ecumenical’, as they were active in every city where agones were organised, in a region spanning from southern Gaul to Syria and Egypt. With headquarters in Rome and representatives travelling across the Mediterranean, they gave the ancient competitors a powerful lobby, and a bureaucracy typically associated with modern rather than ancient sports.\nThis thesis is the first comprehensive monograph on the two ecumenical synods of the Roman Empire. Bringing together information from epigraphical, papyrological and literary sources, it tries to reconstruct their long-forgotten history from their emergence in the late first century BC until their final demise in the late fourth century AD. Not only their organisation and professional activities are dealt with, but also their particularly close connections with the imperial court and their ambiguous relationship with the Greek poleis. As such, this thesis vindicates the ecumenical synods as essential components of Graeco-Roman high culture in the Principate.
Development of high strength hot rolled strip steel products with bainitic microstructures

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

High strength, low alloy, hot rolled strip steels with yield stresses in the range 700 to 1300MPa are required for the Lifting and Excavating product sector. Improved combination of strength and toughness in these high strength steels is desired, requiring a detailed understanding of the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties. \nIn this work 12mm thick 700MPa yield stress strip steels with fully bainitic microstructures, with different compositions and/or processing conditions, have been studied. The microstructures of the steels were investigated with both optical microscopy and SEM. Micro-hardness and Charpy impact tests (at different temperatures) were carried out to investigate the mechanical properties, followed up with fracture surface analysis and unit crack path (UCP) analysis. \nThree types of bainitic microstructures were identified and quantified, including upper bainite, lower bainite and granular bainite. The fracture surface and UCP analysis indicating that granular bainite is detrimental to toughness, but cannot necessarily be avoided in the steels investigated; while the presence of a small amount of lower bainite (above 5%) was found to improve the impact toughness significantly. \nContinuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagrams for steels with different compositions were produced, which allowed investigation of the phase transformation behaviour and selection of optimum chemical composition/coiling temperature for improved properties. The effects of alloying elements (B, Mo and V) on the transformation behaviour have been confirmed through the experiments. An optimised combination of alloying and coiling temperature has been proposed and validated via investigating plant trial products with similar alloying and processing parameters.
Experimental Investigation on Reinforced Ultra-High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Composite Beams Subjected to Combined Bending and Shear

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An experimental study on a series of composite beams combining a 250 mm (9.84 in.) deep reinforced concrete (RC) element and a 50 mm (1.97 in.) thick reinforced ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (R-UHPFRC) element is presented. The specimens are tested in a cantilever-beam setup with the R-UHPFRC element acting as an additional tensile reinforcement. The test parameters include the span length and the ratio and type of the steel reinforcing bars, including stirrups. Most of the beams fail in flexure at a force that is 2.0 to 2.8 times higher than the resistance of the reference RC beams. The medium-span cantilevers with a low stirrup content failure along a flexure-shear crack. Near-interface concrete cracking softens the bond between the elements and enhances the member deformation capacity. The R-UHPFRC element contributes significantly to the shear resistance.
Study of structural and mechanical properties of sodium alginate gels

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Rheological parameters are an important characteristic of semisolid dosage forms. Structural and mechanical characteristics have a noticeable effect on the processes of release and absorption of drugs from ointments, as well as on their consumer properties: spreadability, adhesion, the ability to squeeze out of the tubes. The aim: to study the rheological parameters of aqueous solutions of sodium alginate in various concentrations to create medicinal hydrogel compositions. Materials and methods: sodium alginate (Shandong Topsea Seaweed Industrial Co., Ltd., China) was used as a gelling agent. The physicochemical properties of the samples were studied according to generally accepted methods of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. Rheological studies of experimental samples were carried out using a rotational viscometer «Rheolab QC», by Anton Paar (Austria) with coaxial cylinders C-CC27/SS at a temperature 20–25 °С. Results and discussion: the rheological profiles of sodium alginate gels have a non-Newtonian type of flow, which makes it possible to characterize them as systems with plastic-viscous properties. Gels with a sodium alginate concentration of 1.5–2 % have the best indicators of yield stress, hysteresis loop area, mechanical stability and dynamic flow coefficients. This indicates a low degree of destruction of the structural grid in the process of mechanical action and the presence of thixotropic bonds. Conclusions: sodium alginate gel base at 0.5 % and 1 % concentration is less stable under stress compared to sodium alginate bases at 1.5 % and 2 % concentration. The gel base of sodium alginate at a concentration of 2 % has the optimal mechanical stability value.
Cytosolic Glutamine Synthetase Isozymes Play Redundant Roles in Ammonium Assimilation Under Low-Ammonium Conditions in Roots of Arabidopsis thaliana

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ammonium is a major nitrogen source for plants; it is assimilated into glutamine via a reaction catalyzed by glutamine synthetase (GLN). Arabidopsis expresses four cytosolic GLN genes, GLN1; 1, GLN1; 2, GLN1; 3 and GLN1; 4, in roots. However, the function and organization of these GLN1 isozymes in ammonium assimilation in roots remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to characterize the four GLN1 isozymes. The levels of growth of the wild type and gln1 single and multiple knockout lines were compared in a hydroponic culture at ammonium concentrations of 0.1 and 3 mM. Under the low-ammonium concentration, in single mutants for each GLN1 gene, there was little effect on growth, whereas the triple mutant for GLN1; 1, GLN1; 2 and GLN1; 3 grew slowly and accumulated ammonium. Under the high-ammonium concentration, the single mutant for GLN1; 2 showed 50% decreases in fresh weight and glutamine, whereas the other gln1 single mutants did not show notable changes in the phenotype. The double mutant for GLN1; 1 and GLN1; 2 showed less growth and a lower glutamine concentration than the single mutant for GLN1; 2. Promoter analysis indicated an overlapping expression of GLN1; 1 with GLN1; 2 in the surface layers of the roots. We thus concluded that: (i) at a low concentration, ammonium was assimilated by GLN1; 1, GLN1; 2 and GLN1; 3, and they were redundant; (ii) low-affinity GLN1; 2 could contribute to ammonium assimilation at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 3 mM; and (iii) GLN1; 1 supported GLN1; 2 within the outer cell layers of the root.
Complications of pediatric femoral shaft and distal physeal fractures.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fractures of the femoral shaft comprise about 1.6% of all bony injuries in children and are the most common pediatric orthopaedic injury that requires hospitalization. The treatment of femoral fractures in children is largely dependent on the child's age and size and takes into account multiple considerations: the child's weight, associated injuries, the fracture pattern, the mechanism of injury, institutional or surgeons' preferences, and economic and social concerns. In addition, during the past two decades, there has been a dramatic change favoring surgical fixation rather than casting because of the many advantages of fixation, including more rapid mobilization. The goal of treatment should be to ultimately obtain a healed fracture and avoid associated complications, such as nonunion or delayed union, angular or rotational deformity, unequal limb lengths, infection, neurovascular injury, disruption of the growth plate, muscle weakness, and/or compartment syndrome.
DATABASES FOR HIGHWAY INVENTORIES. PROPOSAL FOR A NEW MODEL

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Database models for highway inventories are based on classical schemes for relational databases: many related tables, in which the database designer establishes, a priori, every detail that they consider relevant for inventory management. This kind of database presents several problems. First, adapting the model and its applications when new database features appear is difficult. In addition, the different needs of different sets of road inventory users are difficult to fulfil with these schemes. For example, maintenance management services, road authorities and emergency services have different needs. In addition, this kind of database cannot be adapted to new scenarios, such as other countries and regions (that may classify roads or name certain elements differently). The problem is more complex if the language used in these scenarios is not the same as that used in the database design. In addition, technicians need a long time to learn to use the database efficiently. This paper proposes a flexible, multilanguage and multipurpose database model, which gives an effective and simple solution to the aforementioned problems.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3616
Urban Agriculture and the Sustainable City: How Policy Changes Concerning Infrastructure and Urban Agriculture Can Economically and Environmentally Benefit Atlanta

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The intent of this paper is first to assert that urban agriculture provides numerous economic and environmental benefits to cities, and second to identify ways that the City of Atlanta could take advantage of these benefits. The first part of the paper, the Literature Review, will take a broad look at why AU is a desirable land use for cities, and then identify three major areas where cities stand to benefit. The three areas that will be addressed include waste management, public land management, and stormwater management. Within each area, examples will be shown from other cities to support the proposition that AU is an advantageous land use. Once the argument for AU as a beneficial land use is established, the latter half of the paper will posit that Atlanta could economically benefit from encouraging and allowing urban agriculture within the city. The Analysis and Recommendations section of the paper will assert and test the hypothesis that the City of Atlanta can economically benefit by establishing AU as a land use. The hypothesis will be tested by establishing benchmarks of success, scaling data from the example cities to Atlanta, and providing a land suitability criteria and analysis. A discussion of limitations and policy recommendations will conclude the paper. To address the hypothesis, the analysis will first establish benchmarks of success and then use data from the example cities to provide scalable metrics. The analysis will then provide a brief context for the City of Atlanta and establish guidelines for a land suitability analysis to be conducted in GIS. The paper will go on to analyze the potential benefits for the city by scaling the collected data to Atlanta’s population and the amount of suitable land available in the city. Finally, the analysis will inform and identify policy changes that will allow the city to better capture these benefits. Agricultural Urbanism offers a variety of advantages to cities in the form of social, environmental and economic benefits. While the social and environmental benefits may be more obvious, the economic benefits are often overlooked. AU is frequently dismissed as a utopian or charitable ideal, which belies its benefit as a movement that is economically viable and could provide cities with substantial economic returns. Sustainability is usually thought of in the ecological sense of conserving or preserving resources; however, ‘sustainable’ actually implies something that can be upheld or maintained at a certain rate or level. If an idea is not economically viable, it is not wholly sustainable. The first part of this paper will examine urban agriculture from an economic lens, specifically as it relates to economic and environmental benefits to cities.