jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Diastolic dysfunction in sickle cell

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In adults with sickle cell disease (SCD), echocardiographic evidence of diastolic dysfunction is an independent risk factor for death that is additive to pulmonary hypertension. In this issue of Blood, Johnson and colleagues describe echocardiography and polysomnography results from 44 children with SCD. Because their echocardiograms were ordered for clinical indications, potentially biasing toward more symptomatic patients, the reported prevalence of increased left ventricular mass should be interpreted with caution. Nevertheless, the results demonstrate left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction significantly correlating with low TcO2, both asleep and awake, and with systolic blood pressure. This confirms the association of left ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, and low waking TcO2 in 310 children with SCD reported by Dham et al.
Evaluating the Health-Related Quality of Life of Transgender Living with HIV/AIDS in Lahore, Pakistan

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In Pakistan, the incidence of HIV/AIDS is rising, particularly among transgender individuals, who face significant marginalization in various aspects of life, leading to compromised health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study aimed to assess the HRQoL of transgender individuals living with HIV/AIDS and explore its correlation with social disparities. Using the validated WHO EQ-5D-5L scale, HRQoL was evaluated among 106 transgender patients with HIV/AIDS from Mayo Hospital and Fountain House Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, following ethical considerations with PACP. Data analysis employed the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests. The research revealed that HIV/AIDS moderately impacts the HRQoL of transgender individuals due to physical, psychological, and social factors. Comorbidities further exacerbated the HRQoL among this population. In conclusion, managing multiple health issues, including comorbidities, can substantially diminish the quality of life for transgender individuals with HIV/AIDS. Hence, comprehensive healthcare services should address both HIV/AIDS and associated comorbidities to ensure holistic care.
When Equality Needs no Justification

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Proclamations about our natural equality have commonly coexisted with multiple exclusions by gender, class, and race. This seeming paradox reflects the influence of what I describe as property-based justifications for equality, for when supposed facts about our shared human nature become the basis for equality claims, this simultaneously creates alibis for deeming many people natural inferiors. Contemporary accounts of equality remain too much within that original mould, pursuing a logic of justification that is still bound to the exclusionary practices of the past. When pursued, more specifically, in the language of moral equality, they offer an account of the progress of equality that overstates the current acceptance of basic or ‘moral’ equality while understating the extent to which the status of equal depends on reducing material inequalities. The language of moral equality further encourages a slippage into precisely the kind of moral differentiation and judgement that it is intended to avoid.
ChemInform Abstract: Paramagnetic Silver Clusters in Ag‐NaA Zeolite: ESR and Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopic Studies.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Depending on the silver content neutral Agg or monovalent Agä Clusters are identified in activated Ag‐NaA zeolite by ESR after °°Co γ‐irradiation at 77 K or H 2 reduction at 295 K. The paramagnetic species are formed during radiolysis by electron capture from diamagnetic Ag3+ or Agä+ species, respectively.
Circulating Carbonic Anhydrase IX and Antiangiogenic Therapy in Breast Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction . Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a hypoxia regulated metalloenzyme integral to maintaining cellular pH. Increased CAIX expression is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. To explore CAIX as a biomarker for breast cancer therapies, we measured plasma CAIX levels in healthy control subjects and in breast cancer patients. Methods . In control subjects we evaluated plasma CAIX stability via commercially available ELISA. We then similarly quantified plasma CAIX levels in (1) locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) patients treated with neoadjuvant paclitaxel + sunitinib (T + S) followed by doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC); (2) metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients treated with systemic chemotherapy. Results . Plasma CAIX levels were stable at room temperature for at least 48 hours in control subjects. Mean baseline plasma CAIX levels were lower in controls compared to patients with LABC or MBC. In LABC, CAIX levels rose significantly in response to administration of antiangiogenic therapy (T + S) (p=0.02) but not AC (p=0.37). In patients with MBC treated without an antiangiogenic agent CAIX levels did not change with therapy. Conclusions . Our results suggest that CAIX may be an easily obtained, stable measure of tumor associated hypoxia as well as a useful pharmacodynamic biomarker for antiangiogenic therapy.
Progress in percutaneous absorption preparation

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Based on introducing the technology advantages of transdermal drug delivery,seven physical methods used to improve the permeability of skin for drugs are summarized,such as iontophoresis,electrophoresis,laser technology,thermal phoresis,phonophoresis,microneedles and ESS,the characteristic and research production existing of each method are introduced in detail.
Representations and properties of theW-Weighted Drazin inverse

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Several new representations of the W-weighted Drazin inverse are introduced. These representations are expressed in terms of various matrix powers as well as in terms of matrix products involving the Moore–Penrose inverse and the usual matrix inverse. Also, the properties of various generalized inverses which arise from derived representations are investigated. The computational complexity and efficiency of the proposed representations are considered. Representations are tested and compared among themselves in a substantial number of randomly generated test examples.
Management of the dorsal vein complex during radical retropubic prostatectomy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An understanding of the prostatic dorsal venous anatomy allows dissection of the prostatic apex in a manner that results in minimal bleeding while preserving the rhabdosphincter, urethra, and neurovascular bundles during radical retropubic prostatectomy. This article reviews the pertinent venous anatomy of the prostatic apex. A surgical technique is described that allows secure venous control and that has resulted in consistently low blood loss and an allogeneic transfusion rate of less than 1% of patients.
Adaptability of Narrow-Crowned Norway Spruce Ideotype (Picea abies (L.) Karst. pendula Form) in 25 Years Half-Sib Comparative Trials in the Eastern Carpathians

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study analysed the stability of the narrow-crowned Norway spruce (pendula form) compared with the classic form of spruce (pyramidalis form) in two half-sib field trials located in the Romanian Carpathians. From eight natural populations, representative of three of the four large spruce spread areas in Romania, open-pollinated seeds from 48 trees (24 pendula ideotype and 24 pyramidalis form) were collected to install the Maneciu and Soveja trials. In these trials, at age 25 years, measurements were performed for the following traits: tree height, breast height diameter, crown diameter, number of branches per whorl and dominant branch diameter. Some important traits were calculated: average volume per tree, trees’ slenderness, crown slenderness and branches’ finesse. Pearson’s simple correlations between the analysed traits were calculated and also the correlations between traits and geographic and climatic gradients of provenances’ origin. In addition, cores were collected to compare the wood density of the two forms of spruce. In both trials, but especially in the limitative environmental conditions of the Soveja trial, the narrow crowned form of Norway spruce (Picea abies f. pendula) presented more favourable average results than the normal crown spruce form for the most important stand stability traits: trees’ slenderness, wood density, branches’ diameter and branches’ finesse. Between spruce crown forms, in both trials, no significant differences were observed for the growth traits, but between trials, higher results resulted in optimal environmental conditions of the Măneciu test (+89% for the trees’ volume). The trees from different provenances and with specific forms of the crown reacted differently to the changing of the testing site, which required the adoption of maximum caution for decisions regarding the transfer of forest reproductive materials. The correlations between the analysed traits converge towards the adoption of a two-step breeding strategy, starting by selection of narrow crowned trees after stability traits.
The Occurrence of Rat Spinal Cord Neurons with Strongly Negative-Charged Surface Coats.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Light microscopy of tissue sections stained with cationic iron colloid (pH 1.0-1.5) showed that the adult rat spinal cord contains some neurons which are provided with strongly negative-charged surface coats. These neurons are distributed preferentially in the posterior and intermediomedial columns of the grey matter. The present study thus supplements our previous study of the rat brain (MURAKAMI et al., 1993b), and proves that the neurons with strongly negative-charged surface coats occur widely in the central nervous system of the adult rat.
Efficacy of plant essential oils on post-harvest control of rot caused byBotrytis cinereaon kiwi fruits

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Antifungal activity of the essential oils of Carum carvi and Pimpinella anisum against Botrytis cinerea fruit rot of key kiwi fruit was studied. In vitro experiments, antifungal activities of essential oils were tested on potato dextrose agar media. Results of an in vitro experiment showed that these essential oils, at all applied concentrations, inhibited grey mould growth. Black caraway essential oil at concentrations of 600 and 800 μL L−1 inhibited germination spores of grey mould. Then, the fruits were artificially inoculated with a suspension at 1 × 105 conidia/ml and then treated with different concentrations of these essential oils. The results of in vivo conditions showed that black caraway and anise essential oils applied at all concentrations were increasing the shelf life and inhibited the grey mould growth on kiwi fruits completely in comparison to control. The result showed that black caraway and anise oils at a concentration of 800 μL L−1 had higher total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, titrable acidity and antioxidant content compared to untreated fruits.
Aristotle on ‘First Transitions’ in De Anima II 5

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In De Anima II 5, 417a21–b16, Aristotle makes three distinctions between types of transitions, affections, and alterations. First, he distinguishes between transitions such as from being able to know to knowing which a subject is able to undergo because his ‘kind and matter’ are of a certain sort (let us call these ‘first transitions’) and transitions such as from knowing to contemplating (417a27–b2). Then he contrasts affections involving ‘a kind of destruction of something by its contrary’ with affections involving ‘the preservation of that which is so potentially by that which is so actually’ (let us call these ‘preservative affections’) (417b2–5). Finally, he opposes alterations ‘toward privative conditions’ to alterations ‘toward a thing’s dispositions and nature’, e.g., learning (for the lack of a better name, let us follow Myles Burnyeat in calling these ‘unordinary alterations’) (417b14–6). The purpose of this paper is to determine the nature of first transitions. ‘First transition’ or πρώτη μeταβολή is Aristotle’s own term, and it occurs at 417b17, where he says, ‘The first transition (πρώτη μeταβολή) in that which can perceive is brought about by the parent, and when it is born it already has [the faculty of] sense-perception in the same way as it has knowledge. Actual sense-perception is so spoken of in the same way as contemplation.’ The analogy, here, between the faculty (δύναμις) of sense-perception and the disposition (ἕξις) of knowledge clearly implies that the term πρώτη μeταβολή denotes the acquisition of either of these things. I will take what I have
Failed Arbitrations before the Court of Common Pleas: Cases Relating to London and Londoners, 1400–1468

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article uses data gathered by the University of London, Centre for Metropolitan History's recent project ‘Londoners and the Law: Pleadings in the Court of Common Pleas’, which sampled London-related cases pleaded before the fifteenth-century court of Common Pleas, to analyze the use of arbitration by sub-gentry and mercantile class disputants. It examines the relationship between arbitration and litigation at common law, the volume of London-related cases pleaded at common law which cited a prior failed arbitration, and in what types of disputes arbitration was employed. It presents the hypothesis that the use of arbitration by sub-gentry and mercantile class disputants in cases relating to London and Londoners may have declined between 1400 and 1468, and that arbitration was most widely used in certain types of multifaceted and exceptional disputes. This article tentatively suggests that developments in disputants' use of common law remedies may have related to changes in the frequency with which arbitration was employed, calling for further study.
AK001058 promotes the proliferation and migration of colorectal cancer cells by regulating methylation of ADAMTS12.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In conclusion, AK001058 promotes the proliferation, invasion, migration, and prolonged S stage of CRC by regulating methylation of ADAMTS12. Our research will provide new insights for the biomarker of colorectal cancer diagnose and new clues for clinical treatment.
Cosmic evolution in the background of non-minimal coupling in $f(R,T,R_{μν}T^{μν})$ Gravity

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

An accelerated expansion phase is being experienced by the universe due to the presence of an unknown energy component known as dark energy (DE). To find out the cosmic evolution scientists ever tried to modify Einstein's gravitational theory and its unexplored parts. We also look forward to address the same problem with a different approach based on interaction between matter and geometry. For this purpose we consider $f(R,T,Q)$ modified theory (where $R$ is the Ricci Scalar, $T$ is the trace of energy-momentum tensor (EMT) $T_{uv}$ and $Q=R_{uv}T^{uv}$ is interaction of EMT $T_{μν}$ and Ricci Tensor $R_{uv}$). We formulate modified field equations in the background of Friedmann-Lema$\hat{i}$tre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) model which is defined as $ds^2=dt^2-a(t)^2(dx^2+dy^2+dz^2 )$, where $a(t)$ represents the scale factor. In this formalism energy density is found using covariant divergence of modified field equations. $ρ$ involves a contribution from non-minimal matter geometry coupling which helps to study different cosmic eras based on equation of state (EOS). Furthermore, we apply the energy bounds to constrain the model parameters establishing a pathway to discuss the cosmic evolution for best suitable parameters in accordance with recent observations.
Analysis of solute redistribution in a heterogeneous field

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The redistribution of a solute present in the topsoil is simulated assuming adsorption according to the Langmuir isotherm. A parameter sensitivity analysis showed that the effect of the thickness ( x s ) of the initially solute‐containing layer on the concentration distribution can be accounted for by transforming time. Both this thickness and adsorption parameters ( A ) control how fast the concentration decreases in the topsoil, when the feed concentration does not contain solute. At large times the concentration increases gradually until the penetration depth, which is the mean downstream front position. There the concentration decreases abruptly to the initial value in the subsoil. When randomness of x s , and A is taken into account, no such well‐defined subsoil front is seen. With a simple approximation valid for a constant feed concentration larger than zero and for linear adsorption, it is shown when pore scale dispersion may be discarded.
Effect of lung inflation and hypoxia on pulmonary arterial blood volume

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Isolated cat lungs were perfused with constant blood flow. During control conditions (Pa02, 100 Torr), pulmonary artery pressure increased as the lungs were inflated. Hypoxia (Pa02, 22 Torr) increased arterial pressure. However, as the lungs were inflated arterial pressure fell. Thus, the magnitude of the hypoxic pressor response was reduced by inflation. During control conditions, arterial volume (ether bolus method) increased with increasing transpulmonary pressure. Hypoxia decreased arterial volume, and the increase in arterial volume with inflation was somewhat less than that during control conditions. When the influences of vascular and transpulmonary pressures were examined independently by changing one while holding the other constant, increasing transpulmonary pressure increased arterial volume beyond that which could be accounted for by changes in the differences between arterial and pleural pressure. However, this influence of transpulmonary pressure did not appear to be altered by hypoxia. Thus, while hypoxia decreased arterial volume at all levels of lung inflation, it had relatively little effect on the influence of interdependence between the pulmonary arterial bed and the surrounding lung tissue.
DETERMINANTS OF PROCUREMENT PLANNING IN STATE OWNED ENTERPRISES IN KENYA

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to establish the determinants of procurement planning in the state owned enterprises in Kenya. The study was anchored on Institutional Theory, Accounting Theory and Cognitive Moral Development Theory. The study sought to be guided by the following specific objectives: To examine the effect of staff competence on procurement planning in the state owned enterprises in Kenya; To determine the effect of budgeting procedures on procurement planning in the state owned enterprises in Kenya; To establish the effect of demand forecasting on procurement planning in the state owned enterprises in Kenya; To explore the effect of ethics in procurement processes on procurement planning in the state owned enterprises in Kenya. The study targets all the 187 state owned enterprises senior procurement officers. A descriptive research design was adopted. Data was collected through questionnaires. The data showed that the high R square is 0.799. It showed that the independent variables in the study were able to explain 63.80% variation in the procurement planning while the remaining 36.20% was explained by the variables or other aspects outside the model. This implied that these variables are very significant and they therefore need to be considered in any effort to boost procurement planning in the state enterprises. The study therefore identified variables as critical elements of procurement planning in state owned enterprises in Kenya. The study findings revealed that staff competence affects procurement planning; therefore we recommended that state owned enterprises should come up with a standard checklist showing the skills and competency level needed by all personnel undertaking procurement planning. There is need to ensure that there is budgetary control, differences between budget and actual results are analyzed periodically and actions taken. The study further recommended that there should be laid down policies on procurement ethics practices and practice implementation to avoid malice and malpractices that would lead to unsuccessful adoption of the same within state owned enterprises. Based on the findings, it is for the state owned enterprises highly recommendable to build a stable demand forecasting metric which will contribute to a more accurate decision-making process, and at the same time present decision makers (management team)the impact of forecasting errors. Key Words: Staff Competence, Budgeting Procedures, Demand Forecasting, Procurement Ethics CITATION: Kitaka, F. W., & Moronge, M. (2020). Determinants of procurement planning in state owned enterprises in Kenya. The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management , 7(4), 240 – 261.
Generation of natural killer cells from both Fc gamma RII/III+ and Fc gamma RII/III- murine fetal liver progenitors

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

In vitro culture of day-15.5 murine fetal liver (FL) cells in the presence of recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) results in the expansion of Fc gamma RII/III+ CD3-Ti-NK1.1+ cells displaying both natural killer (NK) and antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) cytolytic activities. These FL-derived NK cells express Fc gamma RIII (CD16) in association with an Fc epsilon RI gamma homodimer on their surface. In contrast, in vitro expansion of FL cells in the absence of IL-2 generates noncytotoxic cells belonging to the myelomonocytic lineage (Mac1+Gr1+NK1.1-). Hence, IL-2 appears to be critical for the proliferation and differentiation of NK cells from FL progenitors. Experiments in which FL cells were fractionated by density gradient centrifugation before in vitro expansion showed that NK progenitors are contained within a cell population with a density of 1.04 < d < 1.08 g/mL. Cells with d > 1.08 g/mL (representing > or = 40% of FL cells) have no such NK progenitor activity. In addition, after intrathymic injection into Ly5 congenic host animals, day-15.5 CD4-CD8- FL cells mature into CD4+CD8+ thymocytes within 12 days. Interestingly, this T- cell progenitor activity is restricted to subpopulations of FL cells that also contain NK progenitors, but is absent in high-density (d > 1.08 g/mL) FL cells. Finally, fractionation of FL cells according to surface expression of Fc gamma RII/III complexes shows that NK (and T- lymphocyte) progenitors are found in both Fc gamma RII/III+ and Fc gamma RII/III-FL subpopulations.
Examining Smart City Paradigm Shift : A Focus on Global Indices and Major Cities Case Studies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

전례 없는 기후변화, 신종전염병 확산 등 글로벌 위기상황이 빈번해지면서 도시의 재난대응력과 회복탄력성이 강조되고 있으며, 이에 따라 스마트시티의 지향점도 변화하고 있다. 스마트시티의 성공적 추진을 위해서 지역의 여건과 상황을 고려하는 동시에 글로벌 동향을 반영한 스마트시티 목표와 전략 설정이 요구된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 글로벌 스마트시티 패러다임 변화를 살펴보고 스마트시티 추진 방향성과 시사점을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해 7개 스마트시티 인덱스의 평가지표 변화추이 및 11개 해외 도시의 스마트시티 사례분석을 통해 글로벌 변화상을 검토했다. 분석 결과, 포용성, 지속가능성, 연결성, 혁신성 등 글로벌 인덱스 핵심가치의 변화를 확인했으며, 신기술의 단편적 적용과 기반시설의 스마트화를 넘어 시민 삶의 질 개선, 도시의 지속가능성 등의 가치를 담은 정책수립과 도시개발을 추진해야한다는 정책적 시사점을 제시했다. 본 연구에서 살펴본 글로벌 스마트시티 추진동향은 향후 스마트시티 전략을 수립하는데 근거자료를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.