jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Proceedings of the third conference on radiation protection and dosimetry

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Third Conference on Radiation Protection and Dosimetry was held during October 21--24, 1991, at the Sheraton Plaza Hotel in Orlando, Florida. This meeting was designed with the objectives of promoting communication among applied, research, regulatory, and standards personnel involved in radiation protection, and providing them with sufficient information to evaluate their programs. To meet these objectives, a technical program consisting of more than 75 invited and contributed oral presentations encompassing all aspects of radiation protection was prepared. General topics considered in the technical session included external dosimetry, internal dosimetry, instruments, accident dosimetry, regulations and standards, research advances, and applied program experience. In addition, special sessions were held to afford attendees the opportunity to make short presentations of recent work or to discuss topics of general interest. Individual reports are processed separately on the database.
Image_1_Acute Kidney Injury Induced Lupus Exacerbation Through the Enhanced Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (and Apoptosis) in Fcgr2b Deficient Lupus Mice With Renal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury.tiff

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Renal ischemia is the most common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) that might be exacerbate lupus activity through neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and apoptosis. Here, the renal ischemia reperfusion injury (I/R) was performed in Fc gamma receptor 2b deficient (Fcgr2b-/-) lupus mice and the in vitro experiments. At 24 h post-renal I/R injury, NETs in peripheral blood neutrophils and in kidneys were detected using myeloperoxidase (MPO), neutrophil elastase (NE) and citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3), as well as kidney apoptosis (activating caspase-3), which were prominent in Fcgr2b-/- mice more compared to wild-type (WT). After 120 h renal-I/R injury, renal NETs (using MPO and NE) were non-detectable, whereas glomerular immunoglobulin (Ig) deposition and serum anti-dsDNA were increased in Fcgr2b-/- mice. These results imply that renal NETs at 24 h post-renal I/R exacerbated the lupus nephritis at 120 h post-renal I/R injury in Fcgr2b-/- lupus mice. Furthermore, a Syk inhibitor attenuated NETs, that activated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA; a NETs activator) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS; a potent inflammatory stimulator), more prominently in Fcgr2b-/- neutrophils than the WT cells as determined by dsDNA, PAD4 and MPO. In addition, the inhibitors against Syk and PAD4 attenuated lupus characteristics (serum creatinine, proteinuria, and anti-dsDNA) in Fcgr2b-/- mice at 120 h post-renal I/R injury. In conclusion, renal I/R in Fcgr2b-/- mice induced lupus exacerbation at 120 h post-I/R injury partly because Syk-enhanced renal NETs led to apoptosis-induced anti-dsDNA, which was attenuated by a Syk inhibitor.</p>
The short luteal phase and infertility

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary. The distribution of the length of the luteal phase was investigated in 187 women with regular, apparently ovulatory menstrual cycles of whom 95 had unexplained infertility and the other 92 comprised a group of healthy volunteer subjects. If the short luteal phase is associated with infertility it might be expected t o occur more frequently in women with unexplained infertility. A short luteal phase (defined as a luteal phase lasting ≤ 11 days) was found in 9% of the infertile group and in 8% of the normal group showing that these cycles do not occur more frequently in women with infertility.
Transfer of egg white proteins with reference to lysozyme during the development ofMeleagris gallopavo(Galliformes: Phasianidae) embryos

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The egg white and egg yolk are the two main sources of nutrients for the developing avian embryo. The egg white should be transferred into the yolk in order to be consumed by the embryo. How the egg white ultimately reaches the egg yolk is largely unexplored in the turkey Meleagris gallopavo. Here, we explored the routes of egg white transfer in fertilized turkey eggs. Initially, we tested the electrophoretic pattern of the proteins in different egg compartments throughout development. Then, we used lysozyme as a reference protein to follow the egg white transfer, and we measured its activity using Micrococcus lysodeikticus as a substrate. We found that several presumptive egg white protein bands appeared in the different egg compartments. Also, the electrophoretic patterns in the intestinal fluid and thick yolk were marked by the disappearance of large bands and the appearance of small ones at late developmental stages. Moreover, we detected a chronological appearance of lysozyme activity in the different egg compartments. The activity appeared in the extraembryonic and amniotic fluids on day 15, in the intestinal fluid on day 16 and in the thick yolk on day 17, and it increased in general with the progress of development. Our results suggest that the main route of egg white transfer is albumen sac – extraembryonic cavity – amniotic cavity – intestinal lumen – egg yolk. Furthermore, the transferred egg white proteins seem to undergo digestion in the intestinal lumen and egg yolk at late developmental stages.
Women in Hospital Chief Executive Officer Positions: Fact or Fiction

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Are women represented in hospital CEO positions? Twenty-three hospitals in three counties were surveyed to answer this question. Surveys were done to determine the number and percentage of women in hospital CEO positions. Also identified were the beds controlled by women hospital CEOs within each county. From the county with the lowest percentage of women in CEO positions, an American College of Healthcare Executives survey, Gender and Career in Healthcare Management (GCHM), was conducted. Two counties were above the national average for women CEOs at 23.3%. One county was at 25% and the other county was at 33%. The first county was at 52% and the second county was at 27% for control of percentage of beds by women hospital CEOs. The third county which was below the national average for women was at 11% with 1.3% of the beds controlled by women. In the results of the GCHM, women respondents were satisfied with advancement, infrequently engaging in informal networking within their current organizations, and perceived male stereotyping and preconceptions of women’s roles and abilities as the primary barrier to advancement. More research needs to be conducted on the counties with women hospital CEOs to identify the strategies that helped make these women in CEO positions a fact.
PENDAMPINGAN PENGEMBANGAN POTENSI PERTANIAN DI DESA PLOSOSARI KABUPATEN PASURUAN

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plososari Village in Grati Subdistrict, Pasuruan Regency has abundant natural resources, especially in cassava production. Cassava grows well on the community's farmland, resulting in an abundant harvest every year. However, although the potential of cassava in this village is huge, its utilization is still far from optimal. Most people only sell cassava in its raw form at a relatively low price, so its economic value has not been fully maximized. Nevertheless, the community in this village has sufficient ability and skills to process cassava into more valuable products, such as chips, samiler, or other processed products that have a higher selling value. However, limited access to knowledge about cassava processing and marketing strategies is one of the main challenges faced. Therefore, this activity aims to increase the added value of cassava products through training in innovative packaging design and marketing strategy development. With the hope that it can positively impact the economic welfare of the village community
Green laser interferometric metrology system with sub-nanometer periodic nonlinearity

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes the design and realization of a heterodyne laser interferometer system that is applicable to metrology comparison. In this research, an iodine-stabilized Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm served as the light source. Two spatially separated beams with different offset frequencies are generated by two acousto-optic modulators to prevent any source mixing and polarization leakage. The interferometry components are integrated to a monolithic prism to reduce the difficulty of the light path adjustment and to guarantee the measuring accuracy. The experimental results show there is a sub-nanometer periodic nonlinearity, which mainly results from the ghost reflection. Placed in a vacuum chamber, the interferometer is applicable for measuring comparison using a piezo nanopositioner and a precision translation stage. Finally, a commercial interferometer is calibrated with the interferometer system.
Negotiating Environmental Crisis within Forest Ecosystem Restoration Projects in Puncak and Lombok, Indonesia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The Forest Ecosystem Restoration (FER) project is a technological-science attempt to restore the damaged landscape as part of the environmental crisis mitigation. To some extent, the adoption of FER has also altered forest land use practices adopted by rural farmers as part of their livelihood. In rural-urban perspective, FER projects might be considered as a process of transferring environmental burdens from urban-downstream to rural-upstream communities living in the watershed areas. Our qualitative research in two FER project Puncak and Lombok, however, demonstrates how multiple actors, including local communities, actively influence the crisis defining process throughout problematization, mediation, apprehension stages. Such a procedure is crucial in the transition from horticulture to agroforestry system, the perceived solution for the "negotiated" crisis. We argue that the discourse of environmental crisis is co-produced, negotiated, and being effectively used in mobilizing funds, scientific research, and technology to change the practices of rural farmers. With its embedded social-oriented procedure, FER project has capacity to enable the creation of a new socioecological landscape that can mitigate the environmental calamities in downstream urban area while benefiting the economy of farmers in the upstream rural area. By highlighting such a potentiality, this article shows the significance of integrating social, economy, and ecological approaches in dealing with environmental problems at the local level and might be essential in dealing with climate change challenges.
Supplementary Tables 1-6 from ASTX029, a Novel Dual-mechanism ERK Inhibitor, Modulates Both the Phosphorylation and Catalytic Activity of ERK

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>Supplementary tables 1-6 summarise the kinase panel screen data (1) mouse PK parameters (2) and further details of the anti-tumour activity (5) conferred by ASTX029, plus details of cell lines used in this study (3 and 4) and further details of the effects of ASTX029 and other MAPK inhibitors in models of MAPK resistance (6).</p>
Emotional Relaxation for Children in the Pre-Operative Period: Therapeutic Methods

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

The concept of evidence-based practices in nursing has gained importance lately. Providing care, applying nursing intervention and raising the quality of life standards of patients in preoperative, perioperative or postoperative period etc. shows the need for evidence-based practices. This need is increasing especially in planning nursing interventions to be applied to children.

Hospitalization or surgery causes development of negative emotions for children. Anxiety and stress levels of children increase when they are unaware of what is happening around them. Being away from the environment in which they live, meeting with strangers, making attempts about his treatment, and appearance and sounds of medical devices cause negative emotions in children. Moreover, the child may show posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and aggressive behaviors after discharge. To prevent negative emotions the child may experience, it is important nurses be aware of the situation that the child is in. It is hence recommended nurses use various therapeutic methods to make positive contribution to children's emotional world. These methods are art therapy, listening to music, using media, and explaining the initiatives through books, posters or games, which creates a free environment for child. In addition, they are techniques that minimize the traumatic findings caused by the disease or the surgical process, give us the opportunity to learn the feelings and thoughts and that allow children to adapt to the hospital environment. Through therapeutic methods, children can express their feelings freely, learn how to cope with different situations, and find the opportunity to develop their problem-solving skills.

Keywords: Child surgery, therapeutic methods, nursing, emotional relaxation
Evaluation of Bearing Capacity of Strip Foundation Subjected to Eccentric Inclined Loads Using Finite Element Method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In real conditions of structures, foundations like retaining walls, industrial machines and platforms in offshore areas are commonly subjected to eccentrically inclined loads. This type of loading significantly affects the overall stability of shallow foundations due to exposing the foundation into two components of loads (horizontal and vertical) and consequently reduces the bearing capacity. Based on a numerical analysis performed using finite element software (Plaxis 3D Foundation), the behavior of model strip foundation rested on dry sand under the effect of eccentric inclined loads with different embedment ratios (D/B) ranging from (0-1) has been explored. The results display that, the bearing capacity of strip foundation is noticeably decreased with the increase of inclination angle (α) and eccentricity ratio (e/B). As well as, a reduction factor (RF) expression was appointed to measure the degree of decreasing in the bearing capacity when the model footing is subjected to eccentric inclined load. It was observed that, the (RF) decreases as the embedment ratio increases. Moreover, the test results also exhibit that, the model footing bearing capacity is reduced by about (69%) when the load inclination is varied from (0° to 20°) and the model footing is on the surface. While, the rate of decreasing in the bearing capacity was found to be (58%), for both cases of footing when they are at embedment ratios of (0.5 and 1.0). Also, a comparative study was carried out between the present results and previous experimental test results under the same conditions (soil properties and boundary condition). A good agreement was obtained between the predicted bearing capacities for the two related studies.
Pelatihan Farm Record dan Evaluasi Resiko Usahatani untuk Peningkatan Kompetensi Petani Mandiri

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The focus of PKM is the "Sumber Lestari" farmer group in Rasau Jaya Village, which is a transmigration area as the Integrated Integrated Zone. Still, farmers in farmer groups do not have farm record so that the difficulty in managing and making optimal farming decisions. This condition is caused by low performance of farmers' skills and risk of farming competencies. Furthermore, farmer groups are only intuitively emphasizing the cost of agricultural production inputs for the most effective farming decisions because of the absence of farm records. Therefore, PKM is tried to give knowledge and training of farm record and farming risk evaluation to achieve the optimal of farming management. The results are shown that the effectiveness ratio is quite effective so that there is still a gap between knowledge and skills that must be followed by the role of local government through continuous monitoring and guidance on the development of processed products to increase the income of surrounding farmers
Small supernumerary marker chromosomes: A legacy of trisomy rescue?

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We studied by a whole genomic approach and trios genotyping, 12 de novo, nonrecurrent small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMC), detected as mosaics during pre- or postnatal diagnosis and associated with increased maternal age. Four sSMCs contained pericentromeric portions only, whereas eight had additional non-contiguous portions of the same chromosome, assembled together in a disordered fashion by repair-based mechanisms in a chromothriptic event. Maternal hetero/isodisomy was detected with a paternal origin of the sSMC in some cases, whereas in others two maternal alleles in the sSMC region and biparental haplotypes of the homologs were detected. In other cases, the homologs were biparental while the sSMC had the same haplotype of the maternally inherited chromosome. These findings strongly suggest that most sSMCs are the result of a multiple-step mechanism, initiated by maternal meiotic nondisjunction followed by postzygotic anaphase lagging of the supernumerary chromosome and its subsequent chromothripsis.
A rare form of male pseudohermaphroditism—Persistent Mullerian Duct Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Persistent Mullerian Duct Syndrome (PMDS) is a rare disorder of defective sexual development in males. It is characterized by aberrant synthesis or inadequate action of Mullerian inhibiting factor resulting in derivatives of Mullerian duct, i.e. uterus, fallopian tube and upper vagina, to persist in a phenotypic male with 46XY karyotype. Here, we report a 19-year-old male with bilateral undescended testes. Further evaluation revealed that the patient had both his testes placed intra-abdominally along with a rudimentary uterus.
Age and productivity: An empirical study of early American artists

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Economist David Galenson, using both statistical and anecdotal methods, divides artists into two types, innovative or conceptual (who “peak” at younger ages) and experimental (peaking at older ages), to investigate how age is related to creativity. This well‐known distinction has met with criticism and alternative theories of artistic productivity. We here extend Galenson's formal statistical methods to a new sample of American artists born prior to 1900, a period when according to Galenson, “most” American artists can be identified as experimental. Specifically, we explore the use of quantitative and qualitative analysis to shed light on the relationship between age and artistic productivity. We investigate whether this classification has substantial explanatory power for the age at which the most important artistic work is achieved over the life cycle. Our results do not support the bifurcation but indicate that a number of factors must be used in any life cycle investigation linking age to artistic creativity.
Influence of Pruning and Irrigation on Root Longevity of `Concord' Vines

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Improved cultural practices in grape require a better understanding of root growth and physiology. Seasonal root dynamics were examined in mature `Concord' vines with balanced or minimal-pruning, and with or without supplemental irrigation in Fredonia, N.Y. Fine roots were continuously produced during the growing season starting in mid-June around time of bloom. Roots began to die in September at verasion. Minimal-pruned vines produced more roots than balanced-pruned vines, with the minimal-pruned/unirrigated vines producing the most roots. Irrigation and pruning delayed fine root production at the beginning of the growing season. Peak fine root flush was 16 June to 21 July 1997 for the minimal-pruned/unirrigated treatment, while peak flush was 7 July to 2 Sept. 1997 for balanced-pruned/irrigated treatment. In minimal-pruned vines, many roots were observed down to depths of 120 cm. In contrast, balanced-pruned vines had very few fine roots deeper than 40 cm. From initial observations, median lifespan of fine roots was 5 to 9.5 weeks, depending on treatment and depth in soil. Fine roots lived longer in the top 15-cm than in the 16- to 30-cm layer of soil in all treatments. Both minimal pruning and irrigation increased root lifespan. Fine roots had the shortest lifespan in the balanced-pruned/unirrigated treatment and the longest lifespan in the minimal-pruned/irrigated treatment.
A CsWRKY48 Gene from Tea Plants Intercropped with Chinese Chestnut Plays an Important Role in Resistance to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is an important horticultural crop. The quality and productivity of tea plants is always threatened by various adverse environmental factors. Numerous studies have shown that intercropping tea plants with other plants can greatly improve the quality of their products. The intercropping system of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) and tea plants is an agricultural planting model in which the two species are grown on the same piece of land following a specific spacing and cultivation method. Based on a comparative transcriptome analysis between Chinese chestnut tea intercropped plantations and a pure tea plantation, it was found that the expression levels of the WRKY genes were significantly upregulated under the intercropping pattern. In this study, we cloned a candidate gene, CsWRKY48, and verified its functions in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) via heterologous transformation. The contents of protective enzyme activities and osmoregulatory substances were significantly increased, and the trichomes length and density were improved in the transgenic tobacco lines. This phenotype offered an enhanced resistance to both low temperatures and aphids for transgenic lines overexpressing CsWRKY48. Further analysis indicated that the CsWRKY48 transcription factor might interact with other regulators, such as CBF, ERF, MYC, and MYB, to enhance the resistance of tea plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. These findings not only confirm the elevated resistance of tea plants under intercropping, but also indicate a potential regulatory network mediated by the WRKY transcription factor.
Sacred cows and thumping drums: claiming territory as ‘zones of tradition’ in British India

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Theories that explain the origins of communal violence in South Asia often point to the discursive creation of the perception of distinct and adversarial Hindu and Muslim identity categories at the beginning of the twentieth century. This paper argues that these theories overemphasize imagined social differences without adequately considering how these boundaries were territorialized in everyday life through performative place‐making practices. In order to fill this gap, ‘zones of tradition’, areas where religious or cultural practices are reified into official tradition, are suggested as one way of conceptualizing how group‐making discourses are linked to places. As examples, the cow protection movement that campaigned to institute local bans on the slaughter of cattle and conflicts over Hindu processions playing music as they passed in front of mosques are considered. As these practices were contested, it is argued that zones of tradition were established across British India symbolically and tangibly dividing the territory before it was officially partitioned.