jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An Integrated Assessment Metamodel for Developing Adaptation Pathways for Sustainable Water Management in the Lower Rhine Delta

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Water management is increasingly challenged by pressures from population \ngrowth, sea level rise and potential climate change. Moreover, these developments \nare highly uncertain and change over time. The challenge is to develop \nstrategies that are either robust - insensitive to the future - or flexible enough to \nadapt to changing conditions. Adaptation is not only determined by what is known \nor anticipated at present, but also by what will be experienced and learned while \nthe future unfolds, and by policy responses to social and water events. As a result, \nan adaptation pathway emerges. Exploring adaptation pathways into the future will \nprovide indispensable support to decisionmaking in achieving sustainable water \nmanagement. For a structured exploration of the various adaptation pathways, we \nare developing a computational model of the Rhine Delta in the Netherlands. With \nthis model, we will simulate an evolvement of the system wherein pressures influence \nthe water system state, and impacts on flood risk and water services such as \nagriculture and nature, which may then trigger a policy response. The result of this \ndynamic simulation is an adaptation pathway. The model should run fast enough \nto calculate many 100-year transient scenarios, representing the dominant processes \nand natural variability, and be able to implement various policy options. To \nenable such dynamic modelling we are developing an Integrated Assessment \nMetaModel (IAMM) using the technique of metamodelling. Metamodels are simple \naggregated models that approximate the behaviour of complex and detailed models. \nThe IAMM is simple in terms of process and spatial information, but complex \nin terms of time-series and policy response. The challenge is to capture enough \ndetail and process information ensuring an adequate model behavior for policy \nanalysis. We present the concept and describe for which situations - policy options \nand effects - the model can be used to support decisionmaking under uncertainty.
Design and Implementation of Servo Simulator Based on MECHATROLINK-III Bus

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Currently MECHATROLINK-Ⅲ bus has been widely used in CNC products Based on the verification of control functions and operating status about CNC system based MECHATROLINK-Ⅲ bus, this paper proposed the design and implementation of Servo Simulator.By investigating the application background of bus-based CNC system and analysis the characteristics of MECHATROLINK-Ⅲ bus and servo simulator,this paper designed servo simulator hardw are platform.SOPC technology is used to build the Nios system.We process MECHATROLINK-Ⅲ communication protocol and realize complete slave servo protocol through embedded soft core to simulate servo movement.
TRANSPORT MODELS AND THEIR USE IN URBAN PROBLEMS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT MODELS IS SYNTHESIZED IN A SYSTEMS STUDY USING THE URBAN SYSTEM AS A REFERENCE. HAVING CONCEPTUALISED THE TRANSPORT PROBLEM IN GENERAL, A SPECIFIC ANALYSIS OF THE URBAN CASE IS PRESENTED AND THE CONCEPT OF THE MODEL IS EXPLAINED ON THE BASIS OF TWO SPECIFIC CASES. THE PROBLEM IS EXAMINED FROM THE REGIONAL ANGLE AND SOME CONCLUSIONS ARE DRAWN REGARDING THE USEFULNESS AND THE LIMITATIONS OF TRANSPORT MODELS.
Formation of Mn-derived impurity band in III-Mn-V alloys by valence band anticrossing

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

While the support for the existence of a Mn-derived impurity band in the diluted magnetic semiconductor ${\text{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{Mn}}_{x}\text{As}$ has recently increased, a detailed quantitative analysis of its formation and properties is still incomplete. Here, we show that such an impurity band arises as the result of an anticrossing interaction between the extended states of the GaAs valence band and the strongly localized Mn states according to the valence band anticrossing model. The anticrossing interpretation is substantiated by optical measurements that reveal a shift in the band gap of GaAs upon the addition of Mn and it also explains the remarkably low hole mobility in this alloy. Furthermore, the presence of a Mn-derived impurity band correctly accounts for the metal-to-insulator transition experimentally observed in ${\text{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{Mn}}_{x}{\text{As}}_{1\ensuremath{-}y}{(\text{N},\text{P})}_{y}$ with $y\ensuremath{\le}0.02$.
Evaluating the Success of AI Tools in Supporting Student Performance in Mathematical Kangaroo Competition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT This study explores the potential of generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools in supporting students preparing for mathematical competitions, focusing on the Mathematical Kangaroo competition in the context of the Serbian‐speaking region. The research analyzed tools such as ChatGPT‐free, ChatGPT‐paid, AI Math Solver, Math Mentor, and o1‐preview, assessing their accuracy and efficiency in solving tasks of varying difficulty levels and domains (algebra, geometry, logic, and numbers), as well as different formats (text and image‐based). Testing included tasks in both Serbian and English, allowing for the evaluation of language barriers in tool performance. The results indicate that tools perform better with text‐based task formats, with o1‐preview standing out for its exceptionally high accuracy in this format. All tools achieve the highest precision in numbers and algebra, while results are significantly lower in geometry and logic, highlighting challenges in processing visual information and logical reasoning. The conclusions of this study emphasize the importance of generative AI in improving mathematics education but highlight the need for further development of tools that can better handle visual tasks, support local languages, and be more specialized in solving mathematical problems in general.
Unilateral solitary choroidal tuberculoma as the presenting sign in disseminated tuberculosis in an immunocompetent patient

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Tuberculosis can involve any organ in the body including ocular tissue of which the uveal tissue is most commonly infected. Choroidal involvement ranges from choroidal tubercles to granulomas. This is one of the few cases of a solitary choroidal granuloma with no other systemic symptoms in an immunocompetent child. Method A case report. Results A 12-year-old female, presented with diminution of vision in the left eye for a month. The anterior segment of her left eye was normal. A fundus examination revealed an isolated orangish-yellow choroidal mass, 4 DD in size, involving the posterior pole with overlying subretinal exudation. CT scan of the thorax showed large pulmonary, cervical and pancreatic lymph nodes, along with lytic lesions of the thoracic vertebrae. Excision biopsy of the cervical lymph nodes showed caseating granulomas with no e/o malignancies on histopathology. The patient was started on anti-tubercular therapy. Six months after the treatment, the lesion had reduced in size and her vision had improved. Conclusion Isolated choroidal tuberculomas can be present in eyes with little associated ocular inflammation and no other symptoms of systemic tuberculosis. High suspicion, early diagnosis and rapid initiation of medication are important for the treatment of ocular and systemic tuberculosis.
Secondary and Primary Goal-Function-Based Control in Inverter-Interfaced Microgrids

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper a comprehensive, primary and secondary control of a grid-connected inverter in the role of microgrid interface unit is presented. A goal-function-based decentralized control structure is proposed as a core of the primary control. It secures the microgrid stability by constraining the frequency and node deviations across the grid while simultaneously supporting the desired active power exchange between prosumer nodes. To demonstrate its effectiveness, results obtained from the simulation model, which includes microgrid inverters' secondary control, primary control, and inner control loops together with appropriate LCL filter are presented.
Relationship Between Screening-Detected Atrial Fibrillation and Blood Pressure Levels in Elderly Hypertensive Patients: The OMRON Heart Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Hypertension is a well-known risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF) and strokes, but studies assessing screening-detected AF in hypertensive populations and its relationship to the blood pressure (BP) are scarce. We prospectively recruited hypertensive patients (aged ≥60 years) from all over Japan in a decentralized clinical trial. Participants were asked to measure their electrocardiogram (ECG) and BP at home for 3 months with a BP monitor equipped with ECG. Between April 2022 and July 2023, 4,078 hypertensive patients from across the country participated in this study. The mean age was 66.3 ± 5.5 years, and the male proportion was 80.3%. After excluding those with no measurement data (n = 258), AF detection was 5.8% (n = 220/3,820), and the time to AF detection was 3 to 109 days (median 28 days). The mean BP at baseline was 133 ± 14/85 ± 9 mmHg in the morning and 125 ± 14/79 ± 9 mmHg in the evening. AF detection did not significantly differ between the baseline BP categories (log rank test, p = 0.54), with hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of 0.83 (0.57–1.19), 0.79 (0.55–1.14), and 0.99 (0.59–1.68) for systolic BP (SBP) 135 to 144 and/or diastolic BP (DBP) 85 to 89, SBP 145 to 159 and/or DBP 90 to 99, and SBP ≥ 160 and/or DBP ≥ 100, respectively (SBP ≤ 134 and DBP ≤ 84 as a reference). The results did not change when taking into account the impact of the measurement rates and antihypertensive drugs on AF detection during the observation period. Detection of undiagnosed AF was 5.8% in elderly hypertensives, with no significant differences between the baseline BP categories and no effect of the measurement rate or antihypertensive drugs.
Reconstruction's Ragged Edge

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Reconstruction typically brings to mind war-torn plantations and battles over the meaning of freedom after the Civil War. Slavery was such a central part of southern life—permeating every aspect of southern society—that its demise affected every southerner across the region. Emancipation stands at the heart of post-Civil War southern history for good reason. But when historians examine western North Carolina, part of overwhelmingly white Southern Appalachia, other postwar issues demand consideration. Persistent wartime loyalties informed bitter power struggles between groups of white mountaineers determined to rule. For a brief period, an influx of federal governmental power enabled white anti-Confederates to ally with former slaves in order to lift the Republican Party to power at home and in the state as a whole. Republican success led to a violent response from a transformed class of white elites, clinging to the legitimacy of the antebellum period while pushing for greater integration into the market-oriented New South. Western North Carolina—far from "exceptional"—highlights the complex array of issues ranging from wartime loyalties, race, federal state power, and the integration of the mountain South into a national market system that made Reconstruction a pivotal moment in American history. It also reorients our view of reconstruction from the plantation districts to include the complex and diverse realities across the South that reshaped federal policy at the grassroots. Regions like western North Carolina played a critical part in that process.
Differences across cyclophilin A orthologs contribute to the host range restriction of hepatitis C virus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The restricted host tropism of hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains incompletely understood, especially post-entry, and has hindered developing an immunocompetent, small animal model. HCV replication in non-permissive species may be limited by incompatibilities between the viral replication machinery and orthologs of essential host factors, like cyclophilin A (CypA). We thus compared the ability of CypA from mouse, tree shrew, and seven non-human primate species to support HCV replication, finding that murine CypA only partially rescued viral replication in Huh7.5-shRNA CypA cells. We determined the specific amino acid differences responsible and generated mutants able to fully rescue replication. We expressed these mutants in engineered murine hepatoma cells and although we observed increases in HCV replication following infection, they remained far lower than those in highly permissive human hepatoma cells, and minimal infectious particle release was observed. Together, these data suggest additional co-factors remain unidentified. Future work to determine such factors will be critical for developing an immunocompetent mouse model supporting HCV replication.
TNF-α and IL-6 immunohistochemistry in rat renal tissue experimentaly infected with Leptospira interrogans serovar Canicola

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Leptospirosis is a public health problem worldwide and its etiology remains unclear. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interaction between host and infecting microorganism. The inflammatory reaction that controls the infection process also underscores many pathophysiological events occurring in leptospirosis. We investigated the presence of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in renal tissues by immunohistochemical and histopathological examination in animals experimentally inoculated with Leptospira serovar Canicola. All the tests were carried out 2, 7, 14, 21 or 28 days after inoculation. Although TNF-α and IL-6 had been detected in tissues throughout the observation period, these cytokines appeared more intensely during the initial phase of infection. Therefore, both TNF-α and IL-6 were associated with the immunopathogenesis of leptospirosis. This profile suggests a high immunocellular response throughout the early infection stages followed by subsequent humoral response.
Assessment of caffeine consumption behavior among Jazan University students in the south of Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant. High consumption levels of caffeine can lead to intoxication and serious side effects. Saudi Arabia is witnessing a rise in the commercialization and consumption of caffeine. Young adults such as university students may exhibit high levels of caffeine consumption. This investigation aims to assess caffeine consumption habits among a sample of Jazan University students in the south of Saudi Arabia. This study was a cross-sectional investigation that utilized multistage sampling to recruit the students. Data was collected via a self-administered questionnaire that measured student demographics, their frequency of consuming caffeine-containing food, portion sizes, and patterns of consumption during different times of the day. Caffeine consumption levels were estimated based on a cutoff point of 400 mg per day. A chi-squared test was used to investigate the association between levels of caffeine consumption and measured study characteristics. A sample of 964 students was recruited with a mean age of 21.8 years. The most frequently consumed product among the recruited students was coffee (32%), followed by chocolate bars (16%) and soft drinks (12%). The median total consumed caffeine amount was 185 mg per day. 194 (20%) students of the sample exceeded the recommended level of daily caffeine consumption (>400 mg/day). Among the measured demographics, only the year of study was associated with caffeine consumption ( P value of .003), suggesting that students in their earlier years of university are likely to exceed the recommended daily consumption of caffeine in comparison with those who are in their later years of study. Our investigation identified high levels of caffeine consumption among some students. The findings imply the need to enhance the awareness of students who exceed the recommended daily intake of caffeine regarding the harmful impacts of caffeine toxicity.
Effect of Diacylglycerol High Fat Diet on Fat Metabolism in Rat Skeletal Muscle

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

PURPOSE: Although “fat loading” increases oxidative enzymes in skeletal muscle and improves endurance capacity, it is well-known that a long term high fat diet induces obesity. Diacylglycerol oil has been reported to prevent the accumulation of body fat. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of diacylglycerol high fat diet on fat metabolism in rat skeletal muscle. METHODS: Male Wistar rats, 5 weeks old, were assigned to a low fat (LF; n=10) diet (12% calories as fat), triacylglycerol high fat (HTG; n=10) diet (60% calories as fat) or diacyglycerol high fat (HDG; n=10) diet (60% calories as fat) groups. They ate their diets ad libitum for 5 weeks. RESULTS: Epidydimal fat pad weight was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the HTG diet group than in LF and HDG diet groups. Serum triglyceride level was lower in HDG diet group than in LF diet group. Triglyceride content in triceps muscles was significantly (P<0.05) higher in HTG group than LF and HDG diet groups. CS activity in the red portion of Gastrocnemius muscles is higher in HTG and HDG than LF group (∼75%, P<0.01 and ∼33%, ns, respectively). 3-HAD activity in red Gastrocnemius muscles was higher in HTG diet group than LF (∼33%, ns). CPT-I activity in red Gastrocnemius muscles were significantly higher in HTG and HDG diet groups than LF diet group(∼58%, P<0.05 and ∼93%, P<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a long term high diacylglycerol diet may increase fat metabolism in skeletal muscle without fat accumulation and hyperlipemia. Supported by Kao Research Council for the Study of Healthcare Science Grant
Моделирование суперкавитационного испарителя\nc отбором пара в ограниченном потоке

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Water flow with various temperature and velocity applied to the stationary cone cavitator with fixed\ndimensions in constrained flow combined with changing specific rate of steam extraction from the\nsupercavity capture influence on cavitation number and the cross-sectional variation in threedimensional\nsupercavity size. Total of eight numerical experiments resolve multifactor response.\nThree-dimensional simulation using ANSYS CFX v12.1 involving turbulent water-steam flow and\nheat-mass transfer shows that supercavity length is directly proportional to inlet temperature, and\ndecreases with growth of specific rate of steam extraction. Reduction of the cavity dimensions during\nthe steam extraction leads to the thinner supercavity. Therefore, results of CFD approach for stationary\nsupercavitating evaporator with steam extraction qualitatively confirm with recent experimental\nresults. Moreover, information about geometry, meshing, and setup of the problem, reveals the ways\nto improve the model and their difficulties.
Early Initiation of Biologic Therapies to Prevent Severe Asthma Progression

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease with a heterogeneous course, often progressing silently from mild symptoms to severe, treatment-refractory disease. Current guidelines recommend biologic therapies after failure of high-dose inhaled corticosteroids and additional controllers, typically in patients with frequent exacerbations. This reactive approach may delay intervention until irreversible airway remodeling has occurred, limiting the potential benefits of biologic therapy. Therefore, severe asthma may be envisioned as the consequence of missed opportunities for early interventions. Early initiation of biologic therapy—guided by biomarkers such as blood eosinophil count and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), as well as symptom burden and risk of lung function decline—may prevent progression to severe asthma and improve remission rates. This position paper advocates for a shift from severity-based to risk-based treatment strategies, recommending earlier biomarker assessment, redefinition of escalation criteria, and clinical trials designed to evaluate biologics in symptomatic non-exacerbating patients. By recognizing persistent inflammation and progression risk earlier in the disease course, clinicians may have a critical opportunity to alter the trajectory of asthma, reduce long-term morbidity, and achieve sustained control before irreversible damage occurs.
Glycogen Storage Diseases

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in virtually all animal cells, but it is most abundant in liver and muscle (7,15,31). Glycogen is a highly branched polymer with a treelike structure that can accommodate up to 60,000 glucose units in a single globular molecule with a molecular mass of approximately 10,000 kDa (2,7,31). Because of this unique structure, 7% to 10% of the glucose residues are terminal and thus easily accessible to the action of both biosynthetic and degradative enzymes. When viewed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), glycogen molecules are easily recognized as spherical electron-dense particles approximately 30 nm in diameter. These spherules are called b particles. In the liver, where the concentration of glycogen is considerably higher than in other tissues, b particles form large rosetteshaped aggregates ranging in size from 110 to 150 nm and reaching molecular weights as high as 100,000 kDa (7,31). These structures are called a particles.
WORKSHOP PEMANFAATAN AIR KELAPA HIJAU (cocus nucifera) SEBAGAI MEDIA IDENTIFIKASI ALTERNATIF TRIPLE SUGAR IRON AGAR (TSIA) UNTUK PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Escherichia coli

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Bacterial growth media is a material consisting of a mixture of nutrients that are used by bacteria to grow and reproduce. Biochemical tests are carried out to see the characteristics of bacteria through biochemical reactions, which are usually carried out including TSIA (Triple sugar iron agar) media which is used to identify gram-negative rod bacteria to see their ability to ferment glucose, sucrose and lactose. Based on the potential nutritional content of green coconut water, green coconut water is rich in nutrients such as potassium, protein, carbohydrates in the form of suxora (disaccharides), glucose, fructose (monosaccharides) in green coconut water, which are monosaccharides that are more easily utilized for growth as prebiotics. This type of research is experimental research. Objective: laboratory scale where this research will look at the growth of bacteria using green coconut water (Cocus Nucifera) as an alternative medium to replace Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA) media. The results of the research show the growth of Escherichia coli bacterial colonies on the media. Conclusion: Green coconut water resulted in good bacterial growth. Based on the results of research on differences in the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria on TSIA (Triple Sugar Iron Agar) media and on alternative media of green coconut water (Cocus nucifera), it can be concluded that Green coconut water media can be used as an alternative medium for cultivating Escherichia coli bacteria as a substitute for TSIA.