jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[The historical review of the adenotomy].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The opinions of famous foreign and also such Polish physicians as Jan Sedziak, Władysław Wr6blewski, Zdzisław Dmochowski on problem of removal of hypertrophic pharyngeal tonsil are presented first of all. An unsuccessful trials of conservative treatment are pointed out. Adenotomy was preformed in general anaesthesia, especially by chloroform, in "half-anaesthization", in local anaesthesia. The problems of anaesthesia are presented widely. The various method of removal of hypertrophic pharyngeal tonsils by forceps, by curettes, by loops, by nail are depicted with full particulars. The Loewenberg's forceps in various modifications, the Gottstein's curette and later the Beckmann's and La Force's adenotoms were best. The problem of rinsing of nose after the operation and influence of this rinsing on complications in auditory organ, the problem of postoperative relapses are discussed. The postoperative complications after adenotomy, bleeding and haemmorhage early and late, running of bits of tonsil into larynx, the inflammations of upper respiratory tract are also presented. The Jan Miodoński's and Jan Danielewicz's modern opinions at a performance of problem of adenotomy are depicted finally.
Properties of semigroups of elementary types of model classes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The study of classes of first-order countable language models and their properties is an important direction in model theory. Of particular interest are axiomatizable classes of models (varieties, quasivarieties, finitely axiomatizable classes, Jonssonian classes, etc.). In this paper we present the results obtained on the properties of formula-definable classes of models and formula-definable semigroups of elementary types, namely, we study the properties of semigroups of elementary types of models in a first-order language. We consider products of elementary types which form a commutative semigroup with unit. A two-place relation of absorption of one elementary type by another is introduced, which allows us to distinguish formula-definable semigroups of elementary types and corresponding classes of models. On the basis of the axiomatizability property of formula-definite semigroups of elementary types, their connection with ultraproducts and infinite products is established. Examples of idempotently formula-definite and non-idempotently formuladefinite semigroups are given, and their peculiarities are discussed. The paper demonstrates both the study of semigroups of elementary types and the study of properties of formula-definite classes of models.
Design of reference samples of various porosity levels to assist in the detection of porosity produced by 3D printing to determine the accuracy of computed tomography scan

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Porosity is used to describe any void or hole found in a material. However, characterizing them in terms of their size, shape, surface constituents and location is important in defining the specific defect and analysing the extent to which it will affect the material properties or functionality. There are multiple ways of detecting these defects, both through destructive testing and non-destructive testing. However, some of these methods have their own shortcomings, which limits the information that can be gathered about the defects. One type of non-destructive testing method used in the detection of these defects is 3D X-Ray Imaging via Computed Tomography Scan, or CT scan. A reference sample with designed porosities of various percentage levels were used in this Final Year Project to determine the accuracy of porosity detection using CT scan (Nikon XTH225ST). The reference sample was created using additive manufacturing, which is commonly known as 3D printing. The material selected to build the reference sample was Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). The reference samples are essentially cylindrical discs with a variety of porosity level varying from 0.5% to 5.0% porosity. Various shapes such as spheres, cubes and cylinders were used to represent the different shapes and sizes of porosities. The sizes and location of these porosity varies within the reference samples. A comparison between calibrated values that was designed, and values extracted from CT data sets can be made, so that the accuracy of CT scanner can be evaluated.
Appraisal of EEG Beta summative power towards Learning Style classification

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Advancement in Neuroscience namely EEG technology had been serving in education-related research with immense contributions. On the other hand, Learning Style (LS) had emerged as an important study in education frontier. In this research, the classification of participants (N=131) LS is implemented using EEG Beta Summative Power Spectrum Density (PSD) and Kolb's Learning Style Inventory questionnaire. The LS clustering process with EEG Beta Summative PSD dataset is fulfilled using SPSS Two-steps Cluster Analysis tool. The findings established that EEG Beta Summative power had been successful in classifying the LS with high percentage obtained. Meanwhile, the classification dissimilarity caused by EEG Beta Summative PSD in different construct was considered as minimal and Accommodators had been discovered as the best LS classified using EEG Beta Summative PSD.
Perceived barriers to pre-exposure prophylaxis use and the role of syndemic factors among female sex workers in the Mexico-United States border region: a latent class analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Female sex workers (FSWs) experience syndemic factors (e.g., polydrug use, hazardous alcohol consumption, client-perpetrated violence, depression, and sexually transmitted infections) that often heighten vulnerability to HIV and limit healthcare utilization. We hypothesized that syndemic factors will limit FSWs' uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). From 2016 to 2017, 295 HIV-negative FSWs were enrolled in a behavioral HIV prevention trial in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, underwent STI testing, and completed surveys on syndemic factors and perceived barriers to PrEP use. Syndemic scores (0-5) were calculated by summing syndemic factors. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify homogeneous classes with respect to perceived barriers to PrEP use. We identified four classes: (1) perceived healthcare access barriers (8.3%), (2) perceived financial barriers (18.7%), (3) high level of perceived barriers (19.9%), and (4) low level of perceived barriers (53.0%) to PrEP use. Those experiencing three (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.24-10.67) and four or five (aOR = 6.30, 95% CI = 1.70-23.35) syndemic factors had a higher odds of membership in the class characterized by a high level of perceived barriers than in the class characterized by a low level of perceived barriers. Addressing syndemic factors may maximize PrEP's impact among FSWs along Mexico's northern border.
Incidental findings of bilateral vocal cord polyps and asymptomatic pulmonary embolism during EBUS-guided mediastinal staging: a case report highlighting teamwork in management decision making

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report on two significant incidental findings in a patient during the course of a routine Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) guided trans-bronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) procedure, namely smoking related bilateral vocal cord polyps, and pulmonary embolism. We discuss the sequence of events, the needed reassessment of risk/benefit analysis of the planned procedure and the rationale behind the decisions made as the case has evolved. Thoughtful stepwise approach to diagnosis and management through a real-time multidisciplinary collaboration resulted in a favorable outcome despite the complex medical scenario.
A Brief Review of the Ah Locus.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The Ah locus, first described as a functional polymorphism among inbred strains of mice, encodes the Ah receptor--a ligand dependent transcriptional activator. This paper reviews the work on the Ah receptor and its importance in the expression of cytochrome P-450IA1 and the pleiotropic effects of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons.
Anti-inflammatory activity of seeds of Prosopis spicigera in Animals

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

0 0 were soaked in ethanol (1:4, w/v) at the temperature of 60C for 72 h. The supernatant collected was evaporated under reduced pressure and kept at 5C -1 until used. The extract was emulsified using 0.1% Tween -80 in normal Saline to prepare the doses of 33, 100 and 300 mg kg , before performing each experiment. Anti-inflammatory activity in a dose-dependant manner in all assays used to the extract administered intraperitoneally exhibited significant (p<0.05). Abstract Asian Journal of Biological and Life Sciences Original Research
Bioethics of Things: on the algorithmization of moral deliberation in clinical practice

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Health, such as the industry, university or city, is immersed in a process of digital transformation generated by the possibility and technological convergence of the Internet of Things\n\t\t\t\t (IoT), Big Data and Artificial Intelligence on the one hand and their consequences on the\n\t\t\t\t other: hyperconnectivity, datafication and algorithmization. This is a process of transformation towards what has come to be called Smart Health, Health 4.0 or mHealth. However,\n\t\t\t\t despite the enormous potential that underlies the digitization of the healthcare sector, this\n\t\t\t\t process can have very negative effects both for the sector and its organizations and for the\n\t\t\t\t system’s user. One of the most worrying questions at this moment is the aspect and the\n\t\t\t\t force that bioethification is taking; that is, the process by which mass data on the opinions,\n\t\t\t\t preferences and behaviors of the hyperconnected users of the cyber-physical assistance\n\t\t\t\t system are stored, crossed and processed, on the basis of an utilitarian criterion, to determine through mathematical models what is morally valid. The aim of the present study is to\n\t\t\t\t analyze the present and future consequences of bioethification in the health field, as well\n\t\t\t\t as to propose guidelines to undertake a socially responsible and morally valid digitalization
INTEGRATIVE 3D RECORDING METHODS OF HISTORIC ARCHITECTURE: BURG HOHENECKEN FROM SOUTHWEST GERMANY

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research explores the methodology and application of photogrammetric and laser-scanning recording methods to a castle ruin, with the primary purpose of digitally preserving the castle. Both methods generated interactive 3D models via the combination of still images (photogrammetry) and precise laser measurements (laser-scanning), which were then combined into a single model. The case study is the medieval castle ruin Burg Hohenecken located in the city of Kaiserslautern in southwest Germany. The castle was active from 1212-1689, as one of over fifty castles within the region of the Pfalz. The inhabitants included the noble von Hoheneck family and various Prince Electors. Burg Hohenecken’s duty was to protect the imperial palace in Kaiserslautern as well as the surrounding area. In addition to the 3D model, seventy letters from 1212-1560 CE concerning the correspondences of the castle were translated in order to contextualize the digital model and the castle’s historical significance. The information extracted from the letters includes names and inheritances of the von Hoheneck family, physical locations in the surrounding environment, and construction details of the castle. These data describe a network of communication within a past landscape and provide evidence for pre-existing structures of the castle. This research contributes affirms that Burg Hohenecken was site of regional significance given the many high-ranking inhabitants over the course of over 450 years—a major shift in our understanding of the history of the area.\nFuture work includes placing the 3D model in the Unity game engine allowing the castle to be virtually controlled and examined. The digital model provides an excellent opportunity to determine the function of the castle throughout the past and to potentially create virtual reconstructions of the castle from the different periods of its construction. These methods may even lead to the discovery of hidden structures. The combination of approaches from both the sciences (photogrammetry and laser-scanning) and the humanities (textual analysis) allows for a more holistic representation and preservation of this excellent example of medieval architectural cultural heritage.\nAdvisor: Effie Athanassopoulos
The Effect of NaCl on Seed Germination of the Tracgenic P5CS Rice

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Proline(Pro) is one of the most important osmolytes in salinity and water deficit conditions in plants.The synthesis of proline is initiated from glutamate which is dehydrogenated to glutamyl semialdehide and spontaneously converted to δ-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid.Both steps are catalyzed by a bifunctional enzyme pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase(P5CS) which also behaves as a limiting step in proline biosynthesis.In this paper,the seed of transgenic rice and the control were germinated in different concentrations of NaCl.The results showed that the seed germination was inhibited when NaCl concentration increased.Howeve,in 100mmol/L NaCl treatment,the seed germination percentage,growth index,ABA content,proline content and soluble sugar content of transgenic rice was significantly higher than that of the control,and the soluble protein content of transgenic rice obviously lower than that of the control.Overall,the transgenic P5CS rice had an important role in resistance to NaCl stress.
Modification of nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity in female mouse limbic system during the estrous cycle

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous neuronal messenger, synthesized by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and implicated in the regulation of several physiological and behavioral functions. NO-producing neurons have been localized in numerous regions of the mammalian and non-mammalian central nervous system. In rodents, NOS-immunoreactive neurons and fibers were described in hypothalamic and limbic nuclei belonging to neural circuits implicated in the control of reproductive behavior. Fluctuating levels of estradiol and progesterone during the estrous cycle may induce structural changes in several brain nuclei, where some neurons express estrogen receptors. Various reports indicate that the expression of nNOS is influenced by estrogens in the female. Therefore, to clarify if the nitrergic system is a target for gonadal hormones in physiological conditions, we have investigated the effects of estrous cycle in the expression of nNOS immunoreactivity in different nuclei of the limbic system on two-month-old intact female mice. Changes were observed in the medial preoptic area (significantly higher number in estrus) and in the arcuate nucleus (significantly higher number in proestrus). In the ventrolateral part of the ventromedial nucleus and in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis no significant changes have been observed. In hippocampus the number of nNOS positive neurons fluctuates during the estrous cycle, reaching its peak during proestrus and metaestrus, and these variations were statistically significant. These results suggest that, in mice, the expression of nNOS in some limbic regions, involved in the control of reproduction and characterized by a large number of estrogen receptors, is under the control of gonadal hormones and may vary according to the short-term variations of hormonal levels that take place during the estrous cycle.? This study has been supported by grants from MURST and University of Torino (SG and GCP).
Pili torti: clinical findings, associated disorders, and new insights into mechanisms of hair twisting.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pili torti is a hair shaft disorder characterized by hair that does not grow long and is easily broken; the hair often has a coarse or spangled appearance. A diagnosis is made by light microscopy of flattened hair twisted 1800 along its axis. Although pili torti may be isolated, it is commonly associated with other congenital defects and therefore, if identified, further evaluation for possible neurologic deficits and ectodermal disorders is an important part of the clinical evaluation. Alterations of the inner root sheath likely lead to the abnormal molding and twisting of the hair shaft. More recent research suggests that these alterations may occur in the face of mitochondrial dysfunction and may be influenced by the presence of reactive oxygen species.
SYNTHESES IN THE ACRIDINE SERIES. PART IV. N-SUBSTITUTED 2-METHOXY-7-CELOR0-9-AMINOA CRIDINES

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

2-Methoxy-7-cbloro-9-aminoacridine and a number of its 9-substituted derivatives have been prepared, the substituents being aliphatic. aromatic and heterocyclic amino groups.
Transcending Eudaimonic Entertainment

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Research thus far has generally conceptualized eudaimonic entertainment as media content that can provide viewers with meaningful, moving, and contemplative experiences. This chapter first outlines the traditional conceptualization of eudaimonic entertainment and the different affective and cognitive processes involved, followed by an expansion on extant definitions. Self-transcendent experiences as another form of eudaimonic entertainment experiences that orient the consumer toward others more so than the self are introduced, followed by an elaboration of the depictions of transcendent portrayals and their effects across different media platforms (film, television, social media and online videos, digital games and virtual reality), theories of self-transcendence, outcomes of eudaimonic entertainment (e.g., altruism, connectedness, wisdom, recovery) and personality differences that impact the selection of and experience with eudaimonic media (e.g., need for affect, empathy). Implications of the expanded conceptualization of eudaimonic entertainment for media scholars and future research directions are discussed.
Unpacking the Social Side of Science Communication

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

<i> <strong> Looking Ahead to SCW18's "How I Scicomm" Panel </strong> </i> What does it mean to be a science communicator in 2018? With new apps and social platforms emerging each year, Canada's media landscape is rapidly transforming—as is the way we share and consume research. But how are these changes affecting today's science communicators? What challenges and opportunities do they present?
Jennifer Larson, Greek Heroine Cults / Deborah Lyons, Gender and Immortality : Heroines in Ancient Greek Myth and Cult

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Avant le début des années 1990, les héroïnes étaient souvent considérées comme des versions affadies d’une catégorie générique bien plus glorieuse, celle des héros grecs. A la limite l’héroïsme ne se pensait même pas au féminin. Depuis, deux livres ont corrigé la perspective en faisant valoir l’importance des cultes dirigés vers des personnages féminins tout en tentant de souligner les spécificités de ce type d’héroïsme en Grèce ancienne. En choisissant de travailler sur les héroïnes cultuell...
Longitudinal analyses (2018-2022) of the COVID-19 impact on Swiss pediatric healthcare utilization

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The impact of COVID-19 on healthcare utilization in the early pandemic is well documented. However, studies on changes in both primary and tertiary pediatric healthcare utilization that considered data beyond the first pandemic year is lacking. Methods National health insurance data (primary care) and pediatric emergency department data (tertiary care) from Jan. 2018 - June 2022 and on 0-18-year-olds were analyzed with interrupted time series. The first lockdown was used to differentiate between pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. Results Several healthcare services yielded significantly lower average utilization rates during the pandemic vs. the pre-pandemic period, particularly in the youngest age groups. In primary care, the relative utilization, compared to the pre-pandemic mean, dropped in regards to regular (0-5y: 0.760 [0.644-0.896]; 6-10y: 0.850 [0.742-0.974]), well-child (0-5y: 0.871 [0.765-0.992]), and urgent visits (0-5y: 0.638 [0.500-0.813]; 6-10y: 0.810 [0.665-0.985]), and for the vaccination against measles/mumps/rubella (MMR; 0-5y: 0.841 [0.729-0.971]). Similarly, in tertiary care, this pattern emerged for non-urgent (Zurich: 0.55 [0.482-0.627]; Geneva: 0.526 [0.435-0.636]; Ticino: 0.502 [0.436-0.578]) and urgent visits (Zurich: 0.573 [0.498-0.659]; Geneva: 0.487 [0.375-0.632]; Ticino: 0.676 [0.57-0.802]). The utilization rates of most services dropped markedly after the lockdown and recovered to some extent over the pandemic phase. However, no recovery was found for the MMR-vaccination. In primary care, higher average utilization rates during the pandemic were identified for telephone consultations (0-5y: 1.394 [1.218-1.594]; 6-10y: 1.547 [1.387-1.726]; 11-15y: 1.578 [1.430-1.741]; 16-18y: 1.831 [1.614-2.076]). Conclusions The pandemic’s effect on utilization seemed to have occurred temporarily, but it cannot be ruled out that some children have not fully caught up on preventative measures (well-child visits and MMR-vaccinations). Key messages • Pediatric healthcare utilization dropped considerably immediately after the lockdown, with the most pronounced decrease observed in the youngest children. • The heterogenous recovery over the pandemic period points to the necessity to continue to monitor utilization rates, catch-up visits, and vaccination statistics.
Landscape of Immune Cell Infiltration in Cervical Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Cervical cancer is a life-threatening cancer among women. It is the second most prevalent malignant tumor in women. It ranks high in cancer deaths among women worldwide, including in the United States. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have emerged as an important therapeutic approach to treat several cancers, including cervical cancer. Notably, the development and progress of cervical cancer may be related to sustained immune response. This underlines the need to clarify immune cell infiltration (ICI) in cervical cancer tissues. Methods In this study, disease-related information of 964 cervical cancer patients was first retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We utilized bioinformatics data to analyze the expression profiles of immune genes in cervical cancer tissues. Results Patients were divided into high and low groups according to ICI score. High ICI scores corresponded with activation of immune signaling pathways and high tumor mutation burden (TMB), which was related to better prognosis of G1-2 cervical cancer. In addition, most immune checkpoints and immuno-related genes such as CD274, CD8A, CXCL10, etc. were over-expressed in the high ICI group. Conclusions This study demonstrated that ICI score can accurately predict the prognosis of cervical cancer. Understanding ICI patterns will deepen our understanding of tumor microenvironment (TME) of cervical cancer, which may create the foundation for the development of efficient immunotherapeutic strategies against the cancer.