jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Treatment Decision Needs of Psoriasis Patients: Cross-sectional Survey

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Informed shared decision making is a mutual process engaging both doctor and patient and informed by best medical evidence and patient values and preferences. Objective: Our aim was to identify the needs of psoriasis patients in decisions on selecting treatment. Methods: Psoriasis subjects participated in an online survey on decisional role, postdecisional conflict, and treatment awareness. Results: Of 2,622 people invited to participate, 248 completed surveys. Their most recent treatment decision was either made by subjects alone (42%) or physicians alone (28%) or was shared (29%). Subjects perceived that their doctors lacked time to stay abreast of treatments, to provide counseling, and to access appropriate treatments. Deficiencies most frequently identified were information on options, clarification of values, access to physicians, and decision-making skills. Those with a body surface area (BSA) ≥ 3% more frequently indicated that having the skill or ability to make treatment decisions was important. Limitations: The limitations of this study include sampling, recall, and reporting bias. Percent BSA was not verified. Conclusions: The multiple deficiencies in support of psoriasis patients in treatment decisions may preclude informed shared decision making.
Endogenous Allergens from Genetically Modified Soybean: Background, Assessment, and Quantification

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ensuring a safe food supply includes assessing the food allergenic potential of genetically modified (GM) plants. Approximately 4% of the U.S. population have food allergies. Soybeans are one of the eight foods that together elicit nearly 90% of food allergy cases. In Europe, where regulatory guidelines for GM crops include testing whether the transformation process has had unintended effects on the levels of endogenous allergens in crops such as soybeans, the average prevalence of soybean allergies based on food challenge has been reported to be 0.3%. To address requirements from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), endogenous allergen quantification is completed for GM soybean events and breeding stacks prior to commercialization. This chapter reviews the current methods available for identification and quantification of soybean allergens and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each as they relate to the broader safety assessment of GM crops. These methods can accurately and reliably detect any differences in allergen expression levels between GM soybeans relative to the conventional control and commercially available conventional varieties. Importantly, the statistical differences between GM and non-GM soybeans should be assessed in the context of the range of natural variations for that parameter to determine its biological relevance.
DNA REPAIR MECHANISMS FOR THE RECOGNITION AND REMOVAL OF DAMAGED DNA BASES

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Recent structural and biochemical studies have begun to illuminate how cells solve the problems of recognizing and removing damaged DNA bases. Bases damaged by environmental, chemical, or enzymatic mechanisms must be efficiently found within a large excess of undamaged DNA. Structural studies suggest that a rapid damage-scanning mechanism probes for both conformational deviations and local deformability of the DNA base stack. At susceptible lesions, enzyme-induced conformational changes lead to direct interactions with specific damaged bases. The diverse array of damaged DNA bases are processed through a two-stage pathway in which damage-specific enzymes recognize and remove the base lesion, creating a common abasic site intermediate that is processed by damage-general repair enzymes to restore the correct DNA sequence.
INVESTIGATING CORRELATION BETWEEN READING STRATEGIES AND READING ACHIEVEMENT ACROSS LEARNING STYLES

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The study was aimed to analyze the interrelationship between metacognitive reading strategy and reading achievements, the correlation between cognitive reading strategy and reading achievement, and to know the effect between metacognitive and cognitive strategy used by learners across their learning styles. This study used correlation research. The number of populations was 315. The researcher chose 113 Senior High EFL students at MA Nurul Jadid. Questionnaire and reading comprehension test were used to collect data. The researcher used two questionnaires to measure reading strategies used by the students and students’ learning styles. SPSS V. 20 was used to analyze questionnaires’ data. Descriptive statistics was applied to calculate the mean and standard deviation of 40 individual reading strategies. The results were: metacognitive and cognitive strategies were used in high and medium level when students did the tests. Metacognitive strategy significantly correlated with reading achievement where correlation coefficient is greater than critical value of correlation coefficient while cognitive strategy does not relate mutually to reading achievements. Then, reading strategies significantly affected students’ reading achievement.
The synergism of Clinacanthus nutans Lindau extracts with gemcitabine: downregulation of anti-apoptotic markers in squamous pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Clinacanthus nutans extracts have been consumed by the cancer patients with the hope that the extracts can kill cancers more effectively than conventional chemotherapies. Our previous study reported its anti-inflammatory effects were caused by inhibiting Toll-like Receptor-4 (TLR-4) activation. However, we are unsure of its anticancer effect, and its interaction with existing chemotherapy.We investigated the anti-proliferative efficacy of polar leaf extracts (LP), non-polar leaf extracts (LN), polar stem extract (SP) and non-polar stem extracts (SN) in human breast, colorectal, lung, endometrial, nasopharyngeal, and pancreatic cancer cells using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, MTT assay. The most potent extracts was tested along with gemcitabine using our established drug combination analysis. The effect of the combinatory treatment in apoptosis were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Annexin V assay, antibody array and immunoblotting. Statistical significance was analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Dunnett's test. A p-value of less than 0.05 (p < 0.05) was considered statistical significance.All extracts tested were not able to induce potent anti-proliferative effects. However, it was found that pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, PDAC (AsPC1, BxPC3 and SW1990) were the cell lines most sensitive cell lines to SN extracts. This is the first report of C. nutans SN extracts acting in synergy with gemcitabine, the first line chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer, as compared to conventional monotherapy. In the presence of SN extracts, we can reduce the dose of gemcitabine 2.38-5.28 folds but still maintain the effects of gemcitabine in PDAC. SN extracts potentiated the killing of gemcitabine in PDAC by apoptosis. Bax was upregulated while bcl-2, cIAP-2, and XIAP levels were downregulated in SW1990 and BxPC3 cells treated with gemcitabine and SN extracts. The synergism was independent of TLR-4 expression in pancreatic cancer cells.These results provide strong evidence of C. nutans extracts being inefficacious as monotherapy for cancer. Hence, it should not be used as a total substitution for any chemotherapy agents. However, SN extracts may synergise with gemcitabine in the anti-tumor mechanism.
Association between Regimen Related Toxicity and Acute-Graft-Versus-Host Disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Tissue injury resulting from preparative therapy for transplantation is integral to the development of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) according to current theory. If toxicity to normal tissues is a critical factor in the pathophysiology of GVHD, greater degrees of regimen related toxicities should be associated with a higher incidence and greater severity of GVHD. We analyzed 438 patients who underwent allogeneic transplantation from related (n=360) or unrelated (78) donors and who survived > 100 days following transplantation. Patients had received preparative regimens of BuCy (n=340) or BuCyVP16 (n=98). Median age was 36 (range 4–66). There were 263 males and 175 females. This cohort survived a median of 35 months (range 3 months to 20 years). Sixty-eight of these patients had developed (Bearman) grade 3-4 regimen related toxicities. These patients had a 50% incidence of acute GVHD > grade II and a 26% incidence of developing GVHD ≤ grade II, compared to significantly lower incidences of 33% (P=.01) and 14% (P=.02) respectively in the group experiencing < grade 3 regimen related toxicity. Exclusion of patients whose GVHD prophylactic regimens were significantly altered because of toxicity did not significantly influence these results. This data suggest that patients who develop severe regimen related toxicity are significantly more likely to develop severe acute GVHD, supporting a potential pathophysiologic role for tissue injury in the development of acute GVHD.
Discontinuation of Anti-Tumour Necrosis Factor Therapy in Patients with Perianal Fistulizing Crohn’s Disease: Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis of 309 Patients from 12 Studies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The risk of relapse after anti-tumour necrosis factor [TNF] therapy discontinuation in Crohn’s disease patients with perianal fistulas [pCD] is unclear. We aimed to assess this risk. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted to identify cohort studies on the incidence of relapse following anti-TNF discontinuation in pCD patients. Individual participant data were requested from the original study cohorts. Inclusion criteria were age ≥16 years, pCD as a (co)indication for start of anti-TNF therapy, more than three doses, and remission of luminal and pCD at anti-TNF discontinuation. The primary outcome was the cumulative incidence of CD relapse using Kaplan–Meier estimates. Secondary outcomes included response to re-treatment and risk factors associated with relapse as assessed by Cox regression analysis. Results In total, 309 patients from 12 studies in ten countries were included. The median duration of anti-TNF treatment was 14 months [interquartile range 5.8–32.5]. Most patients were treated for pCD without active luminal disease [89%], received first-line anti-TNF therapy [87%], and continued immunomodulatory therapy following anti-TNF discontinuation [78%]. The overall cumulative incidence of relapse was 36% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25–48%) and 42% [95% CI 32–53%] at 1 and 2 years after anti-TNF discontinuation, respectively. Risk factors for relapse included smoking (hazard ratio [HR] 1.5 [1.0, 2.1]) and history of proctitis (HR 1.7 [1.1, 2.5]). The overall re-treatment response rate was 82%. Conclusions This individual participant data meta-analysis, on predominantly patients with pCD without active luminal disease and first-line anti-TNF therapy, shows that over half of patients remain in remission 2 years after anti-TNF discontinuation. Therefore, anti-TNF discontinuation may be considered in this subgroup.
Electrically-driven nonreciprocal silicon photonic isolator based on monolithically integrated bismuth terbium iron garnet

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Photonic isolation is an essential on-chip function needed to stabilize laser operation and prevent cross-talk between different components within a communication system. Monolithically integrated isolator designs incorporate magnetooptical cladding consisting of doped yttrium iron garnet (YIG), such as Ce:YIG and Bi:YIG, where a YIG seedlayer is required prior to the deposition and subsequent crystallization of doped YIG. This adversely impacts isolator performance through reduced mode overlap with the doped YIG layer. Furthermore, the Faraday rotations of YIG and Ce-doped YIG have opposing signs such that they partially cancel out. This work demonstrates a seedlayer-free, monolithic nonreciprocal photonic platform based on an alternative garnet formulation, bismuth doped terbium iron garnet (Bi:TbIG). We further realize on-chip integration of electromagnets to obviate the requirements of external magnets. An isolator based on the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) architecture is implemented, which records π nonreciprocal phase shift with a driving current of 114 mA. Optical isolation as high as 24 dB is achieved.
In vitro shoot proliferation and plant regeneration of Plumbago indica L. (Ractochita), a rare medicinal shrub of Bangladesh

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A protocol was established for in vitro shoot proliferation and plant regeneration of a rare medicinal shrub of Bangladesh, Plumbago indica L. (Plumbaginaceae) using shoot tip and nodal explants. Best shoot induction was observed on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l BAP, in which 92% of nodal explants responded to produce maximum number (42.8 ± 1.18) of shoots per explants. In vitro raised shoots rooted on half strength of MS medium with 0.5 mg/l IAA. For acclimatization and transplantation, the plantlets in the rooting culture tubes were kept in normal room temperature for 7 days before transplanting them in pots containing soil where plantlets were reared for three weeks. The survival rate of regenerated plantlets was 82%. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i2.11452 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(2), 197-202, 2012
Directions of interaction between the Armed Forces of Ukraine and volunteer organizations under the legal regime of martial law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article defines the importance of civil-military interaction during the legal regime of martial law. The following directions of interaction between the Armed Forces of Ukraine and volunteer organizations are identified and characterized: interaction in the sphere of civilian population evacuation, in the sphere of repatriation of bodies of deceased persons (military and civilian), in the sphere of providing humanitarian needs of the population, in the sphere of protection of cultural values, in the sphere of increasing the authority of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations. Attention is focused on the fact that interaction between the Armed Forces of Ukraine and volunteer organizations is an active process of activity that simultaneously has communicative and legal features. As a communication process, such interaction corresponds to the general rules of communicative processes (clarity of messages, precision of formulations, presence of feedback between communication subjects, adherence to ethical requirements during communication, etc.), and its quality largely depends on the goals and means used by the communication parties. The legal nature of interaction between the Armed Forces of Ukraine and volunteer organizations is determined by the implementation in such relations of discretionary powers of commanders/chiefs of military units, who can build interaction in accordance with the goals set for their units. In addition, during interaction, the emergence, change, and termination of certain legal relations, as well as the occurrence of certain legal facts (change in the location of a cultural value, return of the body of a deceased Defender of Ukraine to their homeland, etc.) may be observed. It is stated that in the current conditions of a prolonged and exhausting full-scale armed conflict, not all directions of interaction between the Armed Forces of Ukraine and volunteer organizations are implemented with the same degree of intensity. Interaction in the sphere of cultural heritage protection, as a relatively new type of interaction, is currently inferior in its scale to such directions as the repatriation of bodies of the deceased and the provision of humanitarian aid to persons in combat zones. The concept of directions of interaction between the Armed Forces of Ukraine and volunteer organizations under the legal regime of martial law has been formulated, which is proposed to be understood as spheres of public relations in which coordinated joint actions are implemented, aimed at protecting the life and health of citizens, ensuring their vital needs, respect for the bodies of deceased military and civilian persons, protecting cultural values, and strengthening trust in the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations.
The Impact of Modernizing a Rail Terminal on the Efficiency of Cargo Flow: a research view from the Bandar Imam Khomeini (BIK) Port

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study proposes some approaches regarding the importance of modernizing rail terminal on the efficiency of cargo flow at Bandar Imam Khomeini (BIK)1 port. It is one of the most important ports on the Persian Gulf and it has provided processing services for cargo owners over decades. However, one of the port’s main shortcomings is the lack of an efficient railway transportation infrastructure. The railway system is old and it surpassed by the current technology and infrastructure adopted for the border port facilities. Moreover, the poor coordination among rail system and other players creates confusion among cargo owners. Some of the significant challenges include the lack of a particular terminal that connects to some of the major companies that use the port. Consequently, it affects the efficiency of cargo flow and the potential increase in the port’s throughput. This project investigates whether modernizing rail terminal and adopting a new railway technology can improve the efficiency of cargo flow at the BIK port.\nThe thesis undertakes a mixed research strategy that incorporates both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. The results of the study show that modernized railway infrastructure at the BIK port improves the efficiency of cargo flow at the port. Despite the cheaper costs associated with rail transportation mode, modernizing it will not cause a major decline in the use of trucks. This can be explained by unique advantages that the latter provides. The study finds that modernizing the railway infrastructure has strategic advantages for the efficiency of cargo flow and the competitiveness of the port at the BIK port.
Knowledge and Higher Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The expansion of the college-going population fills the high schools with college preparatory students… but this development also affects the character of the terminal students, and of the terminal education in high school, as well. When a few students went on to college, there was no disgrace in not doing so; moreover, except for the professions, it was not so clear that occupational success was closely linked to academic success (Trow, 1961, pp. 144–165).
The effect of intradiscal vancomycin powder in the prevention of postoperative discitis: RCT study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Post discectomy discitis, although relatively uncommon (4%), is regarded as the most disabling cause of failed back surgery. We aimed to show the effect of intradiscal Vancomycin powder in reducing or preventing postoperative discitis in patients undergoing open or microscopic discectomy. Materials and methods: This is a prospective, randomized, comparative, multicentric study of 390 patients in which microscopic tubular disectomy was planned, either due to the failure of conservative treatment or due to the presence of a neurological deficit at the time of presentation. The patients were divided randomly into two groups. Group (A) included 192 cases, while group (B) included 198 cases. In the first group, a local Vancomycin powder was inserted into the disc space after finishing discectomy, and in the second group, nothing was inserted. The follow up was done by a third team, which did not know the patients’ grouping, so double blindness was applied. The follow up was done clinically, weekly for the first two weeks, then at the sixth week, and a three-month visit. In the case of any clinical findings suspicious of discitis during follow up, a laboratory and Contrast MRI study were requested. Outcome measures: We aimed to assess the effectiveness of intradiscal Vancomycin in discectomy operation, with attention to postoperative complications (discitis), by measuring CRP, ESR, WBC, blood culture, and contrast MRI in the postoperative period. Social habits (smoking &amp; drinking alcohol) and past medical history (Diabetes Mellitus) have been taken into consideration. Result: The postoperative discitis was reported in 13 cases; of them, two patients were in the Vancomycin group (1.4%), while 11 patients were in the non-Vancomycin group (5.56%). Among the infected patients, L4-5 was the most common level (69.23%). Conclusion: We concluded that the intra-operative prophylaxis, with intradiscal Vancomycin, is effective in decreasing the incidence of postoperative discitis.
Sensor Reliability in Cyber-Physical Systems Using Internet-of-Things Data: A Review and Case Study

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays, reliability of sensors is one of the most important challenges for widespread application of Internet-of-things data in key emerging fields such as the automotive and manufacturing sectors. This paper presents a brief review of the main research and innovation actions at the European level, as well as some on-going research related to sensor reliability in cyber-physical systems (CPS). The research reported in this paper is also focused on the design of a procedure for evaluating the reliability of Internet-of-Things sensors in a cyber-physical system. The results of a case study of sensor reliability assessment in an autonomous driving scenario for the automotive sector are also shown. A co-simulation framework is designed in order to enable real-time interaction between virtual and real sensors. The case study consists of an IoT LiDAR-based collaborative map in order to assess the CPS-based co-simulation framework. Specifically, the sensor chosen is the Ibeo Lux 4-layer LiDAR sensor with IoT added capabilities. The modeling library for predicting error with machine learning methods is implemented at a local level, and a self-learning-procedure for decision-making based on Q-learning runs at a global level. The study supporting the experimental evaluation of the co-simulation framework is presented using simulated and real data. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for increasing sensor reliability in cyber-physical systems using Internet-of-Things data.