jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Quantum mechanics as a generalized probability theory

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

When quantum mechanics is understood as a new generalized theory of probability - to be called the quantum probability theory - mysteries and controversies regarding quantum mechanics are dissolved. In the classical probability theory, that a measurement of some system requires an additional measurement apparatus is of insignificant importance - in the quantum probability theory, this comes to change. For one central single reason around a particular classical probability equation, the generalized probability view has not gained much traction, despite the fact that this essentially echoes (and provides logical underpinnings of) the conventional wisdom that `quantum mechanics just works as it is.' A classical probability axiom is just an initial intuition - there is no reason why we have to dogmatically cling onto axioms that can clearly be generalized. Issues with the principle of indifference in the classical probability theory are emphasized, along with the quantum reconstruction project of deriving quantum mechanics from epistemic requirements and potential quantum gravity consequences from the principle of maximum entropy.
Implanting Loop Recorders in a Hospital Unit versus the Electrophysiology Laboratory: A Retrospective Chart Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Cardiac arrhythmias and unexplained syncopal episodes remain a challenge for clinicians to diagnose. The recent creation of the smallest Implantable Loop Recorder (ILR) assists in identifying the causes behind cardiac and neurological events. The current study aimed to compare the practice of implanting loop recorders at the bedside in the Cardiac and Vascular Care Unit (CVCU) to implantations in the Electrophysiology Laboratory (EP Lab).
New Digital Gamification Perception in STEAM Approach: Secondary ESL Teachers' Perspectives in STEAM-oriented ESL Classrooms

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Language learning has been ominously obstructed by a greater emphasis on the living technology curriculum and the concept of interdisciplinary integration, STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) in the school system. Although increasingly adaptive and a more comprehensive learning approach integrating STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Mathematics) which emphasized on the role of ART are further highlighted in language learning, there have been concerns regarding insufficient information on appropriate teaching tools utilisation and sustainability of the approach. Therefore, this mixed-method study is intended to delineate English as a Second Language(ESL) teachers' perspectives towards digital gamification adoption in STEAM-oriented ESL classrooms. A survey was distributed to 160 ESL teachers with 53 items in which their perception was analysed descriptively with the mean score. Besides, thematic analysis was also employed to analyse 8 respondents' semi-structured interview data. Overall, the findings of this study showed that language learners showed positive feedback toward the digital gamification incorporation in STEAM ESL lessons due to its effectiveness, practicality, ease of use and user satisfaction. This paper implied that researchers should look into ESL teachers' perceptions that they are well-prepared in utilising digital gamification for effective STEAM approach-based English as a Second Language teaching and learning experience.
Detection of intracellular canine distemper virus antigen in mink inoculated with an attenuated or a virulent strain of canine distemper virus

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY Using an indirect immunofluorescence technique, the distribution of viral antigen in various tissues and blood mononuclear leukocytes was studied in wild mink, either vaccinated with an attenuated vaccine strain of canine distemper virus ( cdv ) or experimentally inoculated with the virulent Snyder-Hill strain of cdv . Viral antigen was detected in cells of the lymphoid system 6 to 12 days after vaccination. From 2 to 3 days after inoculation with the virulent strain, cdv antigen was demonstrated in cells of the lymphoid system and, during the incubation period, the antigen had spread to the epithelia and brain at days 6 and 12, respectively. In clinical cases of acute fatal canine distemper, the viral antigen was detected in a wide variety of tissues, including the cells of the lymphoid system, epithelial cells of skin, mucous membranes, lung, kidney, and cells of the cns . The diagnostic importance of cdv antigen detection is discussed on the basis of these findings.
Mainstreaming environment in the energy sector - the case of the energy- environment review for Iran

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The energy-environment review (EER) for the Islamic Republic of Iran illustrates how placing environmental issues in the context of key economic indicators was useful to incorporate environmental considerations on the country's Fourth Five-Year National Development Plan. Typically, cost-benefit analysis is used to evaluate damage costs from energy consumption, assess the effectiveness of proposed actions, and arrive at recommendations for a set of priority investments and policy reforms. The EER for the Islamic Republic of Iran illustrates how placing environmental issues in the context of key economic indicators was useful to incorporate environmental considerations on the country's Fourth Five-Year National Development Plan. This EER focuses on identifying priority investments and policy reforms needed for the incorporation of sustainability considerations into energy planning.
The structure of Hume’s historical thought before the History of England

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

David Hume's historical thought was shaped before he even began writing the History of Great Britain in 1752. This article shows how Hume developed his historical thought in an attempt to combine two historical structures: the natural-jurisprudential conjectural history of the Treatise of Human Nature and the early eighteenth-century historical narratives of modern Europe that featured in his Essays. The Treatise's conjectural history used the developmental categories "rude" and "civilised" to explain the origins of justice, government and the moral sentiment. The narratives of modern Europe, in contrast, revolved around the historical categories "ancient" and "modern." Hume's historical thought was shaped by the attempt to merge those two structures into a single, coherent structure. The critical question concerned the relation between the ancient and the modern: was modern Europe merely a "revival" of classical antiquity? Or did it have new, "post-ancient" dimensions? The article shows how Hume gradually distanced classical antiquity from modern Europe, thereby creating space for exclusively modern concepts such as "civilised monarchies" and the narrative of modern civilisation that structured his History of England (1754–1762). The paper concludes by suggesting that this structure defined Enlightenment philosophical history, not just Hume's version of it.
Size and morphology controlling of barium titanate nanocubes by using hydrothermal method

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Nano-sized barium titanate (BT) cubes were synthesized by using a hydrothermal method with an aqueous Ti compound. tert-Butylamine was used as an activation agent to expedite precursor hydrolysis. Oleic acid was employed as a surfactant. The concentrations of the raw materials were found to have a very important effect on tailoring the size and the morphology of the BT nanocubes. The size of the nanocubes varied from 15 nm to 30 nm, and the size distribution was relatively narrow. The surface condition and the size of the BT nanocubes were related to the molar ratios of oleic acid to tert-butylamine. High molar ratios resulted in BT nanocubes with rough surfaces.
[Advances and perspectives in heart surgery].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Significant advances in five areas of cardiac surgery have contributed to better short and long term results. These include: the use of hypothermia and cardioplegic solutions for intraoperative myocardial protection. Improvement in design and hemodynamic characteristics of prosthetic valves. Refinements in electrosurgical techniques for the treatment of arrhythmias refractory to medical therapy. Improvement in circulatory assist devices including the total artificial heart, and significantly better results in heart transplants due to a better understanding of immunosuppression and infection control. Current information on these five areas is summarized.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Skin Manifestations of Capillary Fragility

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

THIS subject is discussed under the following headings: vascular anatomy of the skin, with special reference to the site of capillary reactions; the methods of testing capillary fragility; the mechanisms of capillary fragility; the clinical manifestations of capillary fragility as part of general diseases and as purely dermatologie conditions; the relation of capillary-fragility tests to clinical diagnosis; and treatment.Vascular Anatomy of the Skin, with Special Reference to the Site of Capillary ReactionsThe skin is supplied from the underlying tissues through small arteries. In the deepest portion of the cutis the arteries form a rich anastomosing plexus from which . . .
A Wheelchair Design for the Elderly with Small Strength

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

WHO reports the world population is rapidly ageing. The number of people aged 60 years and over is expected to 2 billion. The muscle strength of the elderly was decreased the ability of movement was therefore limited. Designing a facility to facilitate assist elderly for transportation is important and required. This study aims to propose a leverage wheelchair for the elderly. A serial design procedure including concept design, mechanism design, ergonomic design, and appearance design were performed in the study to create the new product. Finally, a leverage wheelchair was then proposed with following features: (1) the appearance of the leverage wheelchair demonstrated a powerful and friendly image; (2) the power transfer mechanism is designed with a power transfer mechanism which enables user to move wheelchair with a small strength; (3) the cover of the power transfer mechanism is an protection and visual element for the wheelchair; (4) the handlebar was designed with a power-saving mechanism to facilitate the elderly to move the wheelchair. It is also designed to assist user to stand up easily, (5) the handlebar was design at a position where the user can operate easily and comfortably; (6) a control button was deigned to control wheelchair going forward or backward; (7) the push handle was designed for fitting the hand of the caregiver. The results of design works, the methods and procedure used in this study can be a reference for product design and development.
Children's social categorisation practices and family background

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of this essay is to deepen understanding of family background's impact on children's social categorisation practices. Indeed, children's social categorisation practices have been widely studied in many countries worldwide, but the impact of family background remains poorly researched. Drawing on Bourdieu's notion of primary habitus, it has been possible to observe what happens when children use their incorporated dispositions to categorise. To achieve this aim, ninety-six families (96 first-grade children as well as their parents) were interviewed using photo-elicitation. A questionnaire was also used to reconstruct the families' socio-economic and cultural profiles. Thanks to mixed-methods analytic approach it has been possible to highlight the relevant impact of family context on children's social categorisation practices. Family's education level, nationality and some cultural practices play an important role on child categorisation.
Model Fasies Batuan Karbonat Formasi Wainukendi di Cekungan Biak-Yapen, Papua

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This paper provides the carbonate rocks facies model of the Wainukendi Formation. Several outcrops are well exposed in the Southern part of the Supiori Island. The main data are taken from 28 outcrops and 25 measured sections. Thirty seven rocks samples from the Korido dan Warvey Sections were collected and have been petrographic examination for microfacies analysis. Finally, the analysis find that the Wainukendi Formation basically composed by bioclastic carbonate platform and reef margin platform. Microfacies analysis indicate that these carbonate platforms consist of 4 facies zone, deep shelf (FZ2), toe of slope (FZ3), slope (FZ4), and platform margin (FZ5). Keywords: Facies, stratigraphy, Wainukendi Formation, Biak-Yapen Basin.
Processing And Frozen Storage Characteristics Of Ray Fillets

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Rays, belonging to the class Elasmobranchii, constitute a major fishery in many states in India\nlike Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Maharashtra. The estimated landings are\n21,700 tonnes per annum. Even though the meat of rays is nutritious and free from bones and spines,\nthere is little demand for fresh meat due to the presence of a high urea content. The landings are\nmainly used for salt curing which fetches only very low prices for the producers.\nUrea nitrogen constituted the major component (50.8%) of the non-protein nitrogen of the\nmeat. An attempt has been made to standat-dize the processing steps to reduce the urea levels in the\nmeat before freezing by using different simple techniques like dipping the fillets in stagnant chilled\nwater, dipping in chilled running water and dipping in stirred chilled running water. It was found\nthat meat dipped in stirred running water for two hours reduced the urea level of the meat by 62%.\nThe yield of the lateral fin fillets and caudal fin fillets vary with the size of the ray. The drip loss\nduring frozen storage is found to be more in the case of samples frozen stored after the treatment for\nurea removal by the method of stirring in running water. The samples treated in stagnant chilled\nwater had the lowest drip loss. The total nitrogen was higher in samples treated in stagnant chilled\nwater and lowest in the samples treated in stirred running water. The overall acceptability was high\nin the case of samples treated with stirred running water and frozen stored
Trasplante Hepático en México, ¿estamos preparados para el siguiente paso?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In Mexico, the first liver transplant was in 1985, and until December 2022, 2,948 transplants were performed. The COVID-19 pandemic reduced activity in 2020 by 70.4%. Although it has been gradually reactivated, it has not yet reached pre-pandemic levels. In 2022, liver diseases were the fourth cause of death, with 41,420 cases. Despite the demand, there is a deficit in supply, with only 1.8 transplants per million inhabitants. It is attributed to cultural and economic factors, with Spain leading in deceased donation. It is suggested that Mexico reconsider objectives, adopt new legislation and technologies to close the gap between the demand and supply of organs.
Degradation behavior of porous polymeric scaffold

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Scaffolds function as the body’s extra cellular matrix (ECM) in vitro, providing the necessary support for cells to proliferate, until they are replaced. Porosity, pore size, chemical composition, and degradation rate are some important consideration of a scaffold. The chitosan-gelatin hybrid scaffold was chosen for investigation due to its biocompatibility and versatile properties. In this report, the choices of parameters in fabricating the scaffolds were justified through preliminary studies. The freezing and lyophilizing method was selected to construct the hybrid scaffold, with a freezing temperature of -80oC. Analysis of the scaffolds were divided into two groups: (I) chitosan is to gelatin w/v % of 0:3, 1:3, 2:3 and 3:3, (II) chitosan is to gelatin w/v % of 2:0, 2:3, 2:7 and 2:10. Results showed that higher concentrations of gelatin led to the formation of scaffolds with closed pores. The porosity of the scaffolds was also dependent on the content of gelatin and chitosan, with P≤0.05 for both groups. Finally, degradation analysis was performed by measuring the weight loss of the scaffolds for a period of 23 days. These models may serve as predictive tools for hybrid scaffolds of different concentrations, fabricated using the same method as described in this report.
Fabrication and evaluation of transistors with discrete-dpant array using single-ion implantation =Shinguru ion chunyuho o mochiita risanteki dopantoarei o yusuru tranjisuta no sakusei to hyoka ni kansuru kenkyu

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

制度:新 ; 報告番号:甲3592号 ; 学位の種類:博士(工学) ; 授与年月日:2012/3/15 ; 早大学位記番号:新5930
Wireless Mesh Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) han surgido como una nueva tecnologia de redes inalambricas. Debido a sus ventajas sobre otras redes inalambricas, WMNs han evolucionado rapidamente y actualmente existen numerosos proyectos de aplicacion. Sin embargo, existen diversos problemas tecnicos que estan siendo sometidos a estudios y busquedas de investigacion. Para poder dar a conocer esta tecnologia asi como sus caracteristicas, este articulo presenta una descripcion detallada de la estructura de las WMNs y una explicacion de los diversos protocolos sobre los que se asienta.
Underground Magnetic Localization Method and Optimization Based on Simulated Annealing Algorithm

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This article proposes a magnetic localization method based on a simplified magnetic field model. By using four 3-axis magnetometers, a current coil underground is able to be localized with this system. Besides, two algorithms based on the method are compared. Our simulation results demonstrate that, the improved algorithm has a better performance and is qualified for a real-time localization system. Moreover, the system error is no more than 0.25m, which allows this method to be used for middle(or long)-distance localization.
Flood- and Typhoon-Proofing Communities: Learning from the Vietnam Experience

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

When it rains, it pours. And this is true for Vietnam, particularly when it comes to floods and typhoons. The UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (2007) estimates that 84% of all disaster deaths between 2000 and 2005 are all flood-related. It also reports that the number of floods have increased from 60 to 100 per year between 2004 and 2006. Likewise, IDRC’s EEPSEA Director, Dr. Herminia A. Francisco,2 reports the same observation – that Vietnamese people have been living with floods all their lives. These floods will still rise given climate change. In responding to the challenge of changing climate, IDRC conducted case studies in Vietnam, Philippines, Indonesia, China, and Thailand. In the five countries studied, results show that poor communities cope by relocating to designated areas; by accepting food; or by changing livelihood from farming to aquaculture. Government relief efforts usually focus only on giving food. Surveys showed 35% awareness on climate change-realted risks. For poor communities, relocation becomes the last resort - not the first action-because they have no money.
Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. CIP 444392

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.
Common name(s): Sweetpotato
Other names: Lunga
Conserved by: Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP), Peru
Local sample unique identifier: CIP 444392
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2023-03-22
Other identifiers: n/a,ZM9143
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
MLS status: Included
Treatment efficacy of the combined medication Allergoferon® during persistent allergic rhinitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background. To assess the efficacy of a new medication Allergoferon®, gel for topical application, in the treatment of persistent allergic rhinitis Materials and methods. This paper summarizes experience with the combined anti-allergic medication Allergoferon® in the treatment of persistent allergic rhinitis at the manifestation stage in 60 outpatients aged 18 to 75. The study was conducted at outpatient hospitals in the city of Ivanovo in 2014-2015. Symptoms were assessed on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th and 42nd days, in comparison with the pretreatment period, using patient complaints and clinical and laboratory research data. Results. According to our data, a significant improvement was noted in half of the patients at the 3rd day of treatment, in two-thirds of them - at the 7th day of treatment. In general, improvement of nasal symptoms, compared to the pretreatment period, was noted in all patients at the final visit. The significance of differences was established in 75%. The most positive effect was observed during 7-14 days. Conclusion. A high treatment efficacy of medication Allergoferon® was revealed for patients with allergic persistent rhinitis. The treatment efficacy and the lack of adverse side effects attest to the potential use of this medication in clinical practices.
Anorexia during febrile conditions in dwarf goats. The effect of diazepam, flurbiprofen and naloxone

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The most common sign of febrile diseases is anorexia, which develops at a time when adequate caloric and micronutrient availability may be critical. In order to study the relationship of fever and anorexia, feed intake in dwarf goats was studied under conditions of fever and antipyresis. Furthermore, experiments were done to establish whether a feed intake stimulant would override the anorexia during febrile conditions. Infection with Ehrlichia phagocytophila and i.v. injection of Escherichia coli endotoxin (0(111) B4, 0.1 microgram/kg body weight) both resulted in increased rectal temperatures and significant reductions in feed intake. Administration of the antipyretic drug flurbiprofen (1 mg/kg) to febrile animals inhibited the temperature responses, but food intake was still suppressed. Diazepam (0.06 mg/kg), a feed intake stimulant, did not override the anorexia associated with fever. Blocking the febrile response of E. coli LPS-injected goats with flurbiprofen plus diazepam or with flurbiprofen plus naloxone (0.1 mg/kg) did not antagonise their reduced feed intake either. The effects of these drugs and of endotoxin on rumen motility adds an interesting aspect to their activities in the CNS, since the CNS has been shown to regulate various aspects of forestomach motility, which in turn could alter feeding behaviour. Moreover, our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the suppression of feed intake might depend on the release of interleukin-1.
Analysis of the Symmetry of Crystal Packing Forces by Methyl Proton Tunneling: A Strategy for the Unambiguous Assignment of the Magnetic Jahn – Teller Effect in Molecules

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Intrinsic and extrinsic forces behind the distortion in metal atom clusters can be readily distinguished provided that the clusters are embedded in a suitable ligand environment and that the tunneling of the protons in the peripheral ligands is then analyzed by inelastic neutron scattering. For the [Cr3O(OOCCH3)6(H2O)3]Cl⋅6 H2O model system studied, the tunneling process is very sensitive to the local environment. Thus a tool is available to allow a better assessment of the cause of structural distortions.