jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
HLA-DPB1*05:01 and HLA-A*11:01 Is Associated with Adverse Drug Reactions to Isoniazid and Rifampin for Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in South Korea

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Screening and treating healthcare workers (HCWs) for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) are essential for tuberculosis (TB) infection control. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to anti-TB drugs present challenges to patient safety and treatment completion. Objective: This study investigated the association between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and the risk of ADRs, especially drug hypersensitivity (DHS) and hepatotoxicity, in HCWs with LTBI receiving isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RIF) therapy. Methods: Korean HCWs with LTBI who received a 3 month INH and RIF regimen were included in this study. HLA genotyping was performed on HCWs who experienced ADRs during treatment, as well as the control group consisted of individuals who did not develop ADRs. Results: Of the 67 patients, 29 (43.2%) experienced ADRs during INH and RIF therapy. The HLA-A*11:01 allele was more frequent in patients with DHS without hepatotoxicity (DSH+/H−) compared to the control group (DHS−/H−) (4/9, 44.4% vs. 3/38, 7.9%; odd ratio [OR], 8.554; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.415–59.869; p = 0.018). Conversely, HLA-DPB1*05:01 was associated with an increased risk of hepatotoxicity regardless of DHS (10/20, 50% vs. 5/38, 13.2%; OR, 5.323; 95% CI, 1.493–21.518; p = 0.011). In the DHS with hepatotoxicity group (DHS+/H+), HLA-DPB1*05:01 was present in a higher proportion (3/5, 60% vs. 5/38, 13.2%; OR, 8.912; 95% CI, 1.110–92.993; p = 0.037), whereas HLA-A*11:01 was not observed in this group. Conclusions: The HLA-A*11:01 allele was associated with an increased risk of DHS without hepatotoxicity, whereas the HLA-DPB1*05:01 allele was associated with an increased risk of hepatotoxicity.
Dysbiosis modulates capacity for bile acid modification in the gut microbiomes of patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a mechanism and marker of disease?: Figure 1

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The recently published article by Gadaleta and co-workers1 has demonstrated that activation of the bile acid (BA) nuclear receptor, Farnesoid X receptor α (FXR), affords multi-level protection against intestinal inflammation and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in mice. Of the numerous avenues of research into IBD diagnosis and treatment that are opened by these findings, the questions posed by Gadaleta and co-workers regarding the contribution of gut bacteria to FXR modulation and aetiology of IBD are of particular significance.

Bacteria resident in the human gastrointestinal tract collectively encode a distributed pathway of BA modification, the products of which are the natural ligands for FXR,2 and there is growing appreciation that this may be a key activity through which the gut microbiota integrates factors relating to diet and mucosal inflammation, to initiate or exacerbate disease.3 These modified BAs display altered binding profiles for BA receptors, with several secondary BAs being among the most potent agonists. Moreover, microbial transformation could also influence BA bioavailability for …
Flume Experiments on Bedforms and Structures at the Dune‐Bed Transition

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A tiltable, recirculating flume, 18 m long and 76 cm wide, was used to investigate bedforms and structures near the transition between dunes and a plane bed for a moderately sorted coarse sand. At Froude numbers ranging from about 0·4 to 1·0, three dune types developed: (1) asymmetrical (triangular) dunes, (2) convex (symmetrical) dunes and (3) humpback dunes. Asymmetrical dunes had gentle, long stoss sides and steep, short lee sides, and contained cross-stratification with a maximum dip of about 30–35°. Flow separation and avalanching were strongly developed to the lee of these dunes. Convex dunes formed when the bed was thin and had longitudinal profiles that were convex-upwards, with stoss and lee sides of equal steepness. Internal cross-beds were likewise convex and formed from draping of sediment over the lee sides rather than from avalanching. Humpback dunes were the most distinctive bedforms in that on each dune profile the point of maximum elevation was offset from the top of the foreset (avalanche) slope. Immediately downstream from this maximum point, low-angle topset bedding merged uninterruptedly into steep foreset beds and these into bottomsets, producing sigmoidal bedding inside each dune. Although foreset slopes were much shorter in humpback dunes than in asymmetrical dunes, their steepness remained about 30–35° right up to the change to a plane bed at a Froude number of about 1·1. For one other run a plane bed also formed, but at a Froude number of about 1·7, a rather high value for a plane bed just beyond the dune bed phase. This second plane bed may be that which occurs at Froude numbers larger than those for in-phase waves.
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench subsp. bicolor (L.) Moench IS 42356

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench subsp. bicolor (L.) Moench
Common name(s): Sorghum
Other names: 1972-SOR-CE 23, EC 739703, EC 739703, IS 42356
Conserved by: International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), India
Local sample unique identifier: IS 42356
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2012-08-01
Other identifiers: n/a,1972-SOR-CE 23, n/a,EC 739703
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
MLS status: Included
Application of Big Data Analysis and Cloud Computing Technology

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

While networks bring convenience to people, more attention must be paid to the security of the network platform. This study combines big-data technology and machine learning (ML) to investigate the application of big-data analysis and cloud-computing technology in network security. First, the data-collection technology of abnormal network behavior is introduced, and the Flume data-collection component and Kafka distributed technology are discussed. Second, the data-processing process of abnormal network behavior and the corresponding algorithm processing are analyzed. Finally, an abnormal network behavior detection model based on big data is constructed and compared with related models based on decision-tree and random-forest (RF) algorithms. The experimental results show that the big-data anomalous network behavior detection technology based on the ML framework can effectively improve the type and efficiency of anomalous network behavior detection, which is of some significance for improving the network security control capability.
Mutant USA strain of porcine circovirus type 2 (mPCV2) exhibits similar virulence to the classical PCV2a and PCV2b strains in caesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

In 2012, a mutant porcine circovirus type 2 (mPCV2) strain was identified in cases of PCV-associated disease (PCVAD) in the USA. The mPCV2 had an additional amino acid, lysine (K), in the capsid at position 234. The objectives of this study were to compare the pathogenicity of mPCV2, PCV2a and PCV2b in pigs using biologically pure infectious virus stocks derived from respective infectious DNA clones, and to investigate the importance of genotype-specific ORF2 and the presence of lysine at position 234 of the capsid. A total of 47, 2-week-old, caesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived (CDCD) pigs were assigned to one of seven groups. At 3 weeks of age, the pigs were experimentally inoculated with saline, PCV2a, PCV2b, mPCV2, PCV2b-234-K (lysine addition in ORF2), chimeric PCV2b-ORF1/mPCV2-ORF2 or reciprocal chimeric mPCV2-ORF1/PCV2b-ORF2. All pigs were necropsied 21 days post-infection (p.i.). Gross lesions were limited to visible icterus and loss of body condition in a portion of the mPCV2 pigs. The amount of PCV2 DNA was significantly higher in pigs inoculated with mPCV2 compared with PCV2b in sera at 7 days p.i. and faecal swabs at 14 days p.i. Based on lymphoid lesions, a higher prevalence of PCVAD was seen in pigs infected with PCV2s containing the additional 234-K (64.3 %) compared with those infected with a PCV2 with the regular 233 bp ORF2 (40 %). Results indicated that all PCV2 isolates were capable of inducing severe lesions and disease in the CDCD pig model, and there was no significant difference in virulence.
Treatability study of Carcinogenic Waste and its Assessment of Environmental Risk

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Carcinogenic as well as chemotherapeutic waste is potential hazard to the environment because it is a type of toxic waste according by EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). The procedure of disposal of carcinogenic waste inside hospital, chemical industry and pharmaceutical industry is important concern for our society. The contribution from the Indian Judiciary in its own way to bring effective legal control of these hazardous substances and waste. Moreover, the problems related to judicial issues in tackling the technical issues and the executive inaction make it inevitable to have a separate system of administration of environmental justice and supervisory system so that our environment will be protected. The present paper investigates the treatability study of carcinogenic waste and its assessment of associated environmental risk according to the Indian hazardous substances and waste laws.
Target detection enhancements using in-situ environment adaptive clutter modeling

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The significant challenge in shallow water active sonar is to provide reliable target detection and classification while maintaining a reasonable false alert rate. When reverberation appears target-like due to persistence in location from ping to ping and exhibits a coherent intensity, an extremely high false alert rate occurs. This phenomenon occurs frequently in littorals where boundary interaction and bathymetry effects dominate the reverberation profile. In current systems the assumptions of the noise statistics are based upon Gaussian derived processes. The distribution of the envelope at the output of the matched filter is assumed to be Rayleigh. In conditions of high clutter the distribution deviates significantly from Rayleigh, where the tail of the density function tends to be significantly higher than the theoretical noise assumption. These conditions can be predicted and certainly can be measured by estimating the distribution of data at the detector output to adapt the detection processing based upon changes sensed in the background distribution. Performed in a spatial/range dependent manner environmental sensing can greatly reduce the clutter on a display and aid the automated detection process. A target detection technique based on the Interacting Multiple Model estimation algorithm is presented to exploit the consistency of position and motion information in conjunction with accurate models for target and clutter amplitudes observed over multiple pings to form a detection decision. The density and nature of the amplitude distribution for clutter, which is highly dependent upon the environment, is shown to dramatically affect detection performance. Performance improvements can be obtained by adapting the statistical model for reverberation based upon localized in-situ measurements to reduce the adverse effects of high amplitude clutter on multiple ping detection and classification. Using this knowledge an adaptive sequential likelihood ratio test that minimizes the decision time and improves detection performance under a vast set of environmental conditions is developed and demonstrated using collected sea test data.
To Evaluate the Role of Pharmacist in Medication Reconciliation on Discharge Patients in A Primary Hospital: An Observational Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and characteristics of discharge medication discrepancies and medication errors as identified during discharge with medication reconciliation. Methods: From June 2024 to January 2025, a prospective study was performed at Damak hospital in general medicine department, a primary care hospital in Damak, Jhapa. The information from discharge prescriptions as compared to the medication administration record (MAR), medication history taken at the time of admission was analyzed by the pharmacist before discharge. Results: Pharmacists performed 504 discharge medication reviews 65.47% (330 patients) had discrepancies in their prescriptions. 24.84% of patient lies in (18-39yrs). Notably, 38.48% of the patients were aged above 60, emphasizing the vulnerability of geriatric individuals for developing chronic diseases. The presence of polypharmacy is a key factor in the occurrence of medication discrepancies. Among the 504 patients in the study, 283(56.15%) patients has polypharmacy condition more than five drugs in a prescription and 221(43.85%) patients has less than 5 drugs. Out of the 330 discrepancies identified during discharge, 56.07% (185 discrepancies) were intentional, and 43.93% (145 discrepancies) were unintentional. The majority of patients (43.63%) had two comorbid conditions, followed by those with one comorbidity (29.09%). Conclusion: Lack of medication reconciliation can cause significant medication errors, which might be serious and cause harm to patients. This study has the potential to shape policies and practices that prioritize medication safety and optimize patient outcomes during transitions of care.Our study also aids in improving the safe and effective use of drugs in our hospital. Our study also helped to define the significant role of the pharmacist in assessing and controlling medication errors.
Behavioral alterations in models of Parkinson's disease

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Overt behavioral symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) do not occur until over 80% of striatal dopamine content has been lost. Diagnosis of the disorder relies on identifying clinical symptoms including akinesia, resting tremor and rigidity. In retrospect, behavioral deficits are observed several years prior to diagnosis. Behavioral manifestations in the MPTP mouse model of PD, such as changes in general locomotor activity and rotorod performance require large doses of MPTP and are often transient. We hypothesized that, like in PD, subtle behavioral changes also occur in the MPTP model. In this paper, we demonstrate that mice treated with moderate doses of the dopaminergic toxin MPTP display deficits in behavioral parameters that are highly correlated with the loss of striatal dopamine. In addition, these behavioral measures are highly correlated to dopamine transporter, vesicular monoamine transporter, and tyrosine hydroxylase expression, and are reversed following L-DOPA administration. Our ability to detect dopamine-modulated behavioral changes in moderately depleted MPTP mice supports the use of behavioral measures of compensatory activities for earlier diagnosis of PD patients. 1 Jennifer L. Tillerson, W. Michael Caudle, Maria E. Reveron & Gary W. Miller, submitted.
Empowering the Amangtiwi-UMKM in Malang through Basic English Language Skill

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Micro, small and medium economics community, called UMKM in Indonesia faced several problems in developing their business. The Amangtiwi, one of UMKM community-based in Malang realizes to decrease the barriers such as managerial skills, financial flow, and quality of human resources. In term of human resources quality, English skill becomes one of barrier faced by this community recently. The academics are responsible to provide English language short training related to their purpose. It is kind of empowering program that supports the UMKM in facing globalization era. At the end of the training, occurs several benefits that can be implemented for their business. The members are practically comprehending the English terms and able to practice simple conversation in their business activity. The next training, the others trainers should be conducted continuously and grouping the members by the level of knowledge.
Intrinsic challenges in x-ray spectrometry instrumentation with CdTe diode detector

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The X-ray spectrometry is subject to a diversity of problems that distort the measured beam. To observe them, spectra from N20, N25, N30, N60, N80, and N100 radiation qualities were obtained and evaluated their non-correction impact in the values of mean energy when compared with the requirements on ISO 4037-1 standard. The error percentages calculated were 2%, 2%, 2%, 11%, 9%, and 6%, respectively, related to partial energy deposition, efficiency loss, and charge trapping. These results suggest the need for correction of measured spectra, mainly for voltages higher than 30 kV.
SYNTHESIS OF ADENOSINE-5'-PHOSPHOSULPHATES BY THE CARBODIIMIDE METHOD

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSYNTHESIS OF ADENOSINE-5'-PHOSPHOSULPHATES BY THE CARBODIIMIDE METHODP. Reichard and N. R. RingertzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 8, 2025–2026Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01565a076https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01565a076research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views53Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Final Environmental Assessment for Conventional Strike Missile Demonstration

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : This EA documents the potential environmental impacts of conducting a single demonstration flight test of the Conventional Strike Missile (CSM). The CSM Demonstration flight test vehicle would be launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, using an existing rocket booster system. Following booster separation, the Payload Delivery Vehicle would glide at hypersonic velocities in the upper atmosphere, prior to a land or ocean impact at the US Army Kwajalein Atoll/Reagan Test Site in the Republic of the Marshall Islands.
Modification of the Velocity of Sound in Metals by an Applied Magnetic Field

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

An analysis is given of the change in the velocity of sound as a function of an applied magnetic field. It is found that at room temperature and for ultrasonic frequencies of a few Mc/sec, the velocity of sound increases by an amount proportional to the square of the magnetic field in agreement with the experimental results. A brief discussion is given of the change in the sound velocity as a function of a magnetic field at low temperatures.
Effect of Age on the Efficacy and Safety of Droxidopa for Symptomatic Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension (P5.129)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To examine the efficacy and safety of droxidopa by age in patients with symptomatic neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH). Background: Droxidopa, an oral prodrug of norepinephrine, is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of nOH caused by primary autonomic failure (Parkinson disease, multiple system atrophy, and pure autonomic failure), dopamine β-hydroxylase deficiency, and nondiabetic autonomic neuropathy. Methods: Change in orthostatic dizziness/lightheadedness after week 1 of treatment with droxidopa (100-600 mg 3 times daily) was analyzed by patient age. The frequency of adverse events by age was determined in patients treated for 1-2 weeks (Studies NOH301 and NOH302) or for 10 weeks (Study NOH306) in a pooled analysis. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results: In the pooled analysis, patients <75 years old (n=330) treated with droxidopa had a mean (SD) change in Orthostatic Hypotension Symptom Assessment (OHSA) scale Item 1 of −3.1 (2.8), compared with −1.8 (3.1) with placebo (P<0.001). In patients ≥75 years old (n=128), the respective changes in OHSA Item 1 with droxidopa and placebo were −2.7 (3.2) and -1.6 (3.2; P=0.049). Overall, when stratified by age, droxidopa treatment improved symptoms of nOH. The pattern and frequency of treatment-emergent adverse events were similar among patients <65 years, ≥65 years, or ≥75 years of age. Of note, the incidence of supine hypertension (≥180 mmHg systolic) was higher in patients treated with droxidopa but was not above 5[percnt], and no patients exhibited supine hypertension beyond 1 week of stable treatment. Conclusions: Droxidopa for the treatment of symptomatic nOH was effective and generally well tolerated across a range of ages, including patients aged ≥75 years. Treatment effects were consistently seen in the individual studies and in the pooled analysis despite considerable heterogeneity in individual patient responses. Support: Lundbeck
The political in Indian documentary film: Material and aesthetic interventions, post-economic liberalization

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Contemporary Indian documentary film is pushing against its historical position as a state-controlled medium of creating and consolidating state hegemonies. Film-makers seek to problematize dominant discourses through the architecture of the filmic narrative but also the aesthetic crafting of the documentary film form. Politics is thus embedded within the construction of the film and multiple forms of knowledge are possible with each reading. As a community of citizens, film-makers also make material interventions in the social world in order to create space for dissent and debate. Through text analysis of two recent films, Nero's Guests and Development at Gunpoint, and the history of the film-maker collective Vikalp (The Alternative), I explore the dispersed modes of political knowledge and intervention being articulated by Indian film-makers.
Root and delay parameters for normalized Bessel and Butterworth low-pass transfer functions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Tables are given for the roots of the normalized low-pass Bessel and Butterworth transfer functions in both Cartesian and polar form. The latter form is especially useful when designing transitional (Butterworth-Thomson) functions. The tables cover the orders 1 through 30 inclusive. In addition, the group delay characteristics for each of the above orders are tabulated for both the Bessel and Butterworth functions.