jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Withdrawing the use of acetylsalicyclic acid prior to an operation usually not necessary].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) induces an irreversible inactivation of cyclo-oxygenase in blood platelets which lasts for the entire period that the platelets remain in the circulatory system, 7 to 10 days. In order to prevent excessive bleeding, patients presenting for surgery are asked to stop using aspirin 10 days before the procedure. Some studies have found that aspirin causes increased peri-operative blood loss, whilst other studies have found that it does not. All effect studies found in Medline (January 1966-May 2002) on surgery and bleeding complications due to aspirin were analysed. The studies available were assessed for methodological quality and the results were summarised in an evidence table. No clinically relevant bleeding complications were reported for cardiovascular, vascular and orthopaedic surgery and epidural anaesthesia. Most studies reported an increase in clinically non-relevant bleeding induced by aspirin. The literature contains too little information on cataract surgery, dermatological surgery, gynaecological and abdominal surgery, ENT and dental surgery, urological surgery, lung biopsy and endoscopic biopsy. In those types of surgery in which even a minor bleeding leads to severe complications, e.g. neurosurgery, aspirin should be withdrawn 5-10 days in advance. Also in patients with coagulation disorders, aspirin should be withdrawn prior to the operation. There is no scientific evidence for the withdrawal of aspirin in all patients, 5-10 days prior to surgery. Indeed for heart patients in particular, the continued use of aspirin is recommended.
Water safety in the bush: strategies for addressing training needs in remote areas

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Remote and isolated communities have a pressing need to gain the knowledge and skills necessary for water safety and survival. Standard training programs, which in the case of swimming and water safety instruction are generally run in two-week blocks, are often not feasible. Models for delivering training, which give resources and power to local organisations to find innovative ways to meet their priorities, build capacity and ensure high participation rates.
Electrophoresis and Electrofocusing of Phytochrome from Etiolated Avena sativa L.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Phytochrome from etiolated oat seedlings (Avena sativa L.) was investigated by “native” gel electrophoresis and by isoelectric focusing. At pH 8 . 8 the Pfr form migrated faster than the Pr form in electrophoresis. We assume a difference in the surface charge rather than a difference in shape for the phytochrome forms. This assumption was confirmed by isoelectric focusing which clearly showed relatively more negative charge in the Pfr form than in the Pr form. The role of the peptide region from residue 323 to 360 is discussed in this connection. It carries 9 negatively charged residues, it is exposed only in the Pfr form and it has already been described as a signal region for rapid protein degradation (PEST sequence, see Rogers et al., Science 234, 364-368, 1986). The experiments on electrofocusing revealed a microheterogeneity of phytochrome which was present in the native state as well as in the completely unfolded state. The most probable reason could be either posttranslational modification or genetic polymorphism of phytochrome in oat.
Evaluation of the Mediastinum – Important Hints from the Chest Radiograph

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Poster: ECR 2014 / C-2025 / Evaluation of the Mediastinum – Important Hints from the Chest Radiograph by: H. Donato , F. M. G. S. Pereira da Silva, I. Candelaria, P. B. Oliveira, F. Caseiro Alves; Coimbra/PT
Physical frailty deteriorates after a 5‐day dexamethasone course in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, results of a national prospective study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Dexamethasone is important in the treatment for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) but induces muscle atrophy with negative consequences for muscle mass, muscle strength, and functional abilities. The aim of this study was to establish the effect of a dexamethasone course on sarcopenia and physical frailty in children with ALL, and to explore prognostic factors. Methods Patients with ALL aged 3–18 years were included during maintenance therapy. Patients had a sarcopenia/frailty assessment on the first day of (T1) and on the day after (T2) a 5‐day dexamethasone course. Sarcopenia was defined as low muscle strength in combination with low muscle mass. Prefrailty and frailty were defined as having two or ≥three of the following components, respectively: low muscle mass, low muscle strength, fatigue, slow walking speed, and low physical activity. Chi‐squared and paired t ‐tests were used to assess differences between T1 and T2. Logistic regression models were estimated to explore patient‐ and therapy‐related prognostic factors for frailty on T2. Results We included 105 patients, 61% were boys. Median age was 5.3 years (range: 3–18.8). At T1, sarcopenia, prefrailty, and frailty were observed in respectively 2.8%, 23.5%, and 4.2% of patients. At T2, the amount of patients with frailty had increased to 17.7% ( p = 0.002), whereas the number of patients with sarcopenia and prefrailty remained similar. Higher ASMM (odds ratio [OR]: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.28–0.83), stronger handgrip strength (OR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.22–0.77) and more physical activity minutes per day (OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.96–0.99) decreased the risk of frailty at T2. Slower walking performance (OR: 2, 95% CI: 1.2–3.39) increased the risk. Fatigue levels at T1 were not associated with frailty at T2. Conclusion Physical frailty increased strikingly after a 5‐days dexamethasone course in children with ALL. Children with poor physical state at start of the dexamethasone course were more likely to be frail after the course.
Phosphorus and potassium fertilization increase common bean grain yield in Mozambique

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT There is little information about common bean fertilization in African Savannas. The objectives of this study were as follows: i) to evaluate the common bean yield potential in the environmental conditions of Lichinga, Niassa, Mozambique, and ii) to determine the common bean response to phosphorus and potassium fertilization applied together in order to verify whether the interpretation of soil analysis for the Brazilian Cerrado could be adopted for Savanna soils in Mozambique. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a 5 x 4 x 2 factorial arrangement. Treatments consisted of a combination of phosphorus doses (0, 35, 70, 140 and 280 kg ha-1 of P2O5), potassium doses (0, 50 100 and 200 kg ha-1 of K2O), and different growing seasons (2012/2013 and 2013/2014). The field rainfed experiments were conducted in Lichinga city, province of Niassa. Common bean crops presented high productivity potential in rainfed systems in the environmental conditions of Lichinga, Niassa, Mozambique, reaching grain yields of up to 3,600 kg ha-1 depending on the rates of fertilization with phosphorus and potassium. Common beans responded to phosphorus and potassium fertilization despite high contents of these nutrients in the soil, according to the interpretation of soil analysis for the Brazilian Cerrado. Maximum grain yield in the average of two growing seasons was estimated to occur for 239 kg ha-1 of P2O5 and 141 kg ha-1 of K2O, indicating that further calibration studies for P and K are required for this specific region of Mozambique.
Logarithmic Approximations for Fair k-Set Selection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We study the fair k-set selection problem where we aim to select k sets from a given set system such that the (weighted) occurrence times that each element appears in these k selected sets are balanced, i.e., the maximum (weighted) occurrence times are minimized. By observing that a set system can be formulated into a bipartite graph G:=(L cup R, E), our problem is equivalent to selecting k vertices from R such that the maximum (weighted) number selected neighbors of vertices in L is minimized. The problem arises in a wide range of applications in various fields, such as machine learning, artificial intelligence, and operations research. We first prove that the problem is NP-hard even if the maximum degree Delta of the input bipartite graph is 3, and the problem is in P when Delta=2. We then show that the problem is also in P when the input set system forms a laminar family. Based on intuitive linear programming, we show that two rounding algorithms achieve O(log n/(log log n))-approximation on general bipartite graphs, and an independent rounding algorithm achieves O(log(Delta))-approximation on bipartite graphs with a maximum degree Delta. We demonstrate that our analysis is almost tight by providing a hard instance for this linear programming.
IOT BASED GARBAGE MONITORING SYSTEM AND NOTIFICATION APPLICATION

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In today's world there is an immense growth in the population of the cities due to this rapid urbanization there is a waste collection that leads to various infectious diseases in the environment. There is a concept with the prototype which we have built that is the Recycle, Reuse, Reduce policies throughout this waste management system. access to get real-time information about each bin and avoid overloading of these bins. The proposed framework reduces the labor cost and saves time and energy of the system. access to get real-time information about each bin and avoid overloading of these bins. access to get real-time information about each bin and avoid overloading of these bins. The proposed framework reduces the labor cost and saves time and energy of the system.
Fatty Acid Transport Protein 1 Is Required for Nonshivering Thermogenesis in Brown Adipose Tissue

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Nonshivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) generates heat through the uncoupling of mitochondrial β-oxidation from ATP production. The principal energy source for this process is fatty acids that are either synthesized de novo in BAT or are imported from circulation. How uptake of fatty acids is mediated and regulated has remained unclear. Here, we show that fatty acid transport protein (FATP)1 is expressed on the plasma membrane of BAT and is upregulated in response to cold stimuli, concomitant with an increase in the rate of fatty acid uptake. In FATP1-null animals, basal fatty acid uptake is reduced and remains unchanged following cold exposure. As a consequence, FATP1 knockout (KO) animals display smaller lipid droplets in BAT and fail to defend their core body temperature at 4°C, despite elevated serum free fatty acid levels. Similarly, FATP1 is expressed by the BAT-derived cell line HIB-1B upon differentiation, and both fatty acid uptake and FATP1 protein levels are rapidly elevated following isoproterenol stimulation. Stimulation of fatty uptake by isoproterenol required both protein kinase A and mitogen-activated kinase signaling and is completely dependent on FATP1 expression, as small-hairpin RNA–mediated knock down of FATP1 abrogated the effect.
Does the Australian Constitution allow harsh and inhumane detention? The decision in Behrooz

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the Behrooz case, the High Court held that Commonwealth legislation providing for detention of non-citizens was within the legislative power conferred by the Australian Constitution, even if the detention possibly involved harsh or inhumane treatment of detainees. The result of this decision is that the High Court has decided that the Commonwealth has power under the Australian Constitution to provide for detention of non-citizens regardless of whether the conditions of detention are harsh and inhumane. Jennifer Nicholson discusses the court's reasoning.
Multi-Layer Space Information Networks: Access Design and Softwarization

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose an approach for constructing a multi-layer multi-orbit space information network (SIN) to provide high-speed continuous broadband connectivity for space missions (nanosatellite terminals) from the emerging space-based Internet providers. This notion has been motivated by the rapid developments in satellite technologies in terms of satellite miniaturization and reusable rocket launch, as well as the increased number of nanosatellite constellations in lower orbits for space downstream applications, such as earth observation, remote sensing, and Internet of Things (IoT) data collection. Specifically, space-based Internet providers, such as Starlink, OneWeb, and SES O3b, can be utilized for broadband connectivity directly to/from the nanosatellites, which allows a larger degree of connectivity in space network topologies. Besides, this kind of establishment is more economically efficient and eliminates the need for an excessive number of ground stations while achieving real-time and reliable space communications. This objective necessitates developing suitable radio access schemes and efficient scalable space backhauling using inter-satellite links (ISLs) and inter-orbit links (IOLs). Particularly, service-oriented radio access methods in addition to software-defined networking (SDN)-based architecture employing optimal routing mechanisms over multiple ISLs and IOLs are the most essential enablers for this novel concept. Thus, developing this symbiotic interaction between versatile satellite nodes across different orbits will lead to a breakthrough in the way that future downstream space missions and satellite networks are designed and operated.
How Film Mulch Increases the Corn Yield by Improving the Soil Moisture and Temperature in the Early Growing Period in a Cool, Semi-Arid Area

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Film mulch increases the crop grain yield via topsoil moisture and temperature improvement in cool, semi-arid areas, but little is known about the role of the hydrological and thermic relationship between early and later crop growth seasons in the improving grain yield. We conducted a field experiment to compare polyethylene film mulching (PM) with no mulching (CK) in 2014 and 2015 on the semi-arid Loess Plateau of China. Compared to CK, PM decreased evapotranspiration before the twelve-leaf stage (V12), but increased evapotranspiration after the V12 stage, and significantly increased the topsoil temperature before the six-leaf stage (V6) and the accumulation of soil growing degree days. Corn plants with PM treatment reached the V6 stage earlier, significantly enhancing the contemporary dry matter accumulation. The harvest index, 100-grain weight, and grain yield significantly increased in PM relative to CK in both years. The growing period to the whole growing season evapotranspiration ratio had a negative correlation with the grain yield before the V12 stage, but a positive correlation after the V12 stage. The grain yield had a negative correlation with the air growing degree days (GDDair) before the V6 stage, but positive correlation from silking to harvest. Conclusively, film mulch promoted the early development of maize via an increased soil temperature before the V6 stage, saved soil water before the V12 stage, resulted in a longer grain-filling period, and increased the GDDair and evapotranspiration during the grain-filling period, which is key to increasing the maize yield.
The Modern History of Jordan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Few states in the modern world have had a less promising birth than Jordan. When in 1921 the Hashemite Emir Abdallah was recognized as the ruler of this romantic backwater of the former Ottoman Empire, it was sparsely populated, extremely poor, and widely regarded as ungovernable. Today against all the odds, Jordan has become one of the most prosperous and stable of Middle Eastern countries and a major player in the region's politics. In this political history, Kamal Salibi attempts to explain how this transformation was achieved. The book traces the story of modern Jordan from its origins in the Arab revolt at the end of World War I and the political success of the astute and colourful founder of its ruling dynasty. It includes a detailed examination of the far-reaching implications for Jordan of the Palestinian tragedy and a constantly tense relationship with neighbouring Israel and it shows how King Hussein, the longest surviving ruler in the contemporary Middle East, has guided the country through these difficult times to introduce democracy in 1988.
Managing the energy usage of freight transport in Singapore

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Under-inflation of tyres generally leads to greater flexing of tyres, which in terms leads to overheating of them as there would be an increase in rolling resistance. When tyres are “flabby”, a larger surface area is in contact with the ground which leads to additional energy consumption. For a standard tyre, there would be a standard grading of its pressure as marked on the tyre rim itself for optimal pressure. The standards are set by National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in America, or by the European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation (ETRTO) among the European Union. In Singapore, most of the tyres are imported from Europe, Japan or America, therefore the optimal pressures are indicated, but as to whether the drivers of the freight companies are following the optimal pressure on the tyre is another issue. In this project, the author aims to look into the attitude of companies towards good tyre pressure maintenance, the “Singapore” way of how drivers maintain their tyres, and lastly, a conclusion to indicate if good tyre pressure practices are relevant and applicable in Singapore. The author went first went through setting of survey questions regarding the common tyre practices of local freight companies, and found out some their common tyre practices- A series of questions dwelled on how tyres are checked to how tyres are pumped to the frequencies of check and pump for local freight companies. The surveys were sent out in the form of mails and 32 mails were received back from 1000 mails sent and the data were then evaluated by the author. It was found that most of companies they do actually do the standard checking and pumping regularly.
Nephrotic syndrome in Zaire. Morphological and aetiological aspects.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Morphological and aetiological aspects of 88 renal biopsies for nephrotic syndrome (NS) from Zaire are reported. About 52% were associated with a single or multiple infectious diseases particularly of parasitic origin. Three additional cases were associated with local non infectious conditions including the sickle cell disease and the abuse of mercuric-containing compounds. However, the histopathology was indistinguishable in both "idiopathic" and parasite-associated NS, and showed a wide range of common glomerulopathies. We conclude that the glomerular damage of the majority of NS from this area is probably mediated by nephritogenic immune complexes induced by several parasitic diseases, and would need further immunocytochemical investigations.
Gemcitabine in pre-treated advanced renal carcinoma: a feasibility study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Eigtheen patients affected by metastatic renal cell carcinoma, 16 which were assesable, were treated with 1 g/m2 of Gemcitabine (GCB) on days 1, 8 and 15 of a 28-day treatment cycle up to a maximun of ten cycles. All patients in neoplastic progression were treated with chemo- and immunotherapy (5 FU, IL-2, IFN alpha d 13-cis-retinoic acid.) Out of the 16 assessable patients, 5/16 (31%) showed overall response (ICR, 4 PR), 5 (31%) stable disease (SD) and 6 (38%) progression of disease (PD). Toxicity was limited to WHO grades I only, primarily hematological.
Evolving Communities of Mind-In Which Development Involves Several Interacting and Simultaneously Developing Strands

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract If a curriculum developer's goal is to create a single linear sequence of tasks that lead to the development of some important mathematical concept, then some researchers have suggested that these sequences should follow progressions similar to stages of development that have been identified in Piaget-like research on the relevant concept(s). These research-based sequences are referred to as learning trajectories. Other researchers emphasize that conceptual development can involve interactions among ideas expressed using a variety of representational media and can occur along a variety of "dimensions" such as concrete-abstract, simple-complex, or situated-decontextualized. Therefore, different paths can be appropriate for different students, and trying to funnel development along any single developmental path can be inappropriate for some students. These researchers often envision trajectories to be specific paths within a branching tree diagram that portrays the space of possibilities. This article emphasizes a third type of situation called model-eliciting activities (Lesh, Hoover, Hole, Kelly, & Post, 2000). They are problem-solving situations in which goals include developing more powerful constructs or conceptual systems. Therefore, significant conceptual developments occur because students are challenged to repeatedly express, test, and revise their own current ways thinking-not because they were guided along a narrow conceptual path toward (idealized versions of) their teacher's ways of thinking. That is, development looks less like progress along a path, and it looks more like an inverted genetic inheritance tree in which great grandchildren trace their evolution from multiple lineages that develop simultaneously and interactively.
Research on the posture error of Cassegrain optical system

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This paper studies the calibration error of a spatial pointing measuring instrument with a Cassegrain optical system. The influences of the position and attitude error of the secondary mirror on the calibration accuracy were analyzed. We simulated the posture error of the secondary mirror in the Cassegrain-type optical system model. The simulated imaging quality of the calibration-grid star map and the calibration accuracy were presented. An experimental setup was constructed and the results consisted well with the simulation, which offered a reference in the assembling of the optical system to deliver high resolution images.
The Significance of Serum Paraoxonase 1 Activity in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To explore the relationship between paraoxonase1 activity and non-lcohol fatty liver.Method Serum PON1 activity was measured by using paraoxon as substrate in 30 case of norm,52 of simple fatty liver,41 of steatohepatitis and 31 of fatty liver cirrhosis.Results Serum PON1 activity was(153.41±13.34)U/L in simple fatty liver,(108.72±16.17)U/L in steatohepatitis and(98.90±13.05)U/L in fatty liver cirrhosis that was significantly lower than that in norm group(181.12±9.50)U/L(P0.01).Serum PON1 activity in steatohepatitis and fatty liver cirrhosis group were lower than that in simple fatty liver(P0.05).There were no difference between steatohepatitis and fatty liver cirrhosis groups(P0.05).Conclusion Serum PON1 activity is correlated with the stage of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and it may be one of damage factor in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease