jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Not the favored few : this is my land, my home.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This illustrated feature story documents an ongoing development project in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. The development of Boeung Kak Lake involves filling in the lake to create land in the city for commercial and residential properties. As a result, about 4,000 families living over the lake and its surrounds potentially face eviction from their homes without fair compensation. The legality of the development project has been disputed on a number of counts and this feature story examines the details of the lease agreement struck between the municipal government of Phnom Penh and a local private developer, Shukaku Inc. It also reports on alleged housing rights violations, in accordance with international human rights standards, which the Kingdom of Cambodia is obliged to adhere to, namely, the failure by the government to provide fair consideration of the residents’ housing needs and due compensation. Together with policemen and government activists, employees of Shukaku Inc frequently engage in what has been termed “intimidation tactics” by human rights advocates, to forcibly persuade the residents into accepting the compensation package and moving away from the lake. This is despite the residents having strong legal claims to ownership of the land. This feature story covers the accounts of key human rights advocates and residents affected by the development project as they attempt to challenge this controversial land agreement, which would result in the largest displacement of people, most of whom are poor and living in squalid conditions. In a society of the favored few, the poorest of the poor in Cambodia stand to lose their homes and livelihood to capitalist forces exerted by the elite – a growing group fed by corruption and impunity. What does it take for them to stand up to a weak government and a greedy property developer in the face of their imminent eviction? Can Cambodia’s investors, foreign aid donors and the United Nations pressurize the government for a change in its practices? Must economic development in a developing nation necessary impinge on the defenseless poor? This report hopes to raise some eyebrows.
Effectiveness of omega-3 fatty acid administration on completion rate of adjuvant chemotherapy for biliary tract cancer: study protocol for a single-centre, open-label, single-arm, historically controlled study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Multimodal treatment prolongs the survival of patients with biliary tract cancer (BTC). However, the chemotherapy choices for this disease are few, and completing each chemotherapy session is important. Adjuvant chemotherapy has been attempted for BTC, but has only had a 75% completion rate. Body weight loss and cholangitis are reasons for the interruption of chemotherapy. Previous reports suggested that nutritional intervention with omega-3 fatty acids maintained body weight and improved the completion rate for chemotherapy. Moreover, omega-3 fatty acids have an anti-inflammatory effect. Therefore, we theorised that omega-3 fatty acids would improve the completion rate of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with BTC. The aim of this study is thus to evaluate the effectiveness of omega-3 fatty acids for patients planning adjuvant chemotherapy for BTC. Method and analysis This study is a single-centre, open-label, single-arm, historically controlled study with a planned enrolment of 55 participants. Protocol treatment consists of four courses of S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy and an oral omega-3 fatty acid pharmaceutic adjuvant (LOTRIGA 2 g (Takeda Pharmaceutical Co.)), which includes 2 g of omega-3 fatty acids from day 1 until day 168 of the treatment period. The primary endpoint is the completion rate of four total courses of S-1. Secondary endpoints are postoperative cholangitis, time to recurrence or distant metastasis, changes in nutritional index, changes in the lymphocyte blast transformation test induced by phytohaemagglutinin, and concanavalin A and diamine oxidase serum activity during adjuvant chemotherapy. All adverse events will be evaluated. Ethics and dissemination This protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Kobe University Hospital. The findings from this study will be presented at national and international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals. Trial registration number UMIN000031247.
Electronic-grade epitaxial (111) KTaO 3 heterostructures

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

KTaO 3 heterostructures have recently attracted attention as model systems to study the interplay of quantum paraelectricity, spin-orbit coupling, and superconductivity. However, the high and low vapor pressures of potassium and tantalum present processing challenges to creating heterostructure interfaces clean enough to reveal the intrinsic quantum properties. Here, we report superconducting heterostructures based on high-quality epitaxial (111) KTaO 3 thin films using an adsorption-controlled hybrid PLD to overcome the vapor pressure mismatch. Electrical and structural characterizations reveal that the higher-quality heterostructure interface between amorphous LaAlO 3 and KTaO 3 thin films supports a two-dimensional electron gas with substantially higher electron mobility, superconducting transition temperature, and critical current density than that in bulk single-crystal KTaO 3 -based heterostructures. Our hybrid approach may enable epitaxial growth of other alkali metal–based oxides that lie beyond the capabilities of conventional methods.
Development Cooperation in Fragile States

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Fragile Staatlichkeit und schlechte Regierungsführung stehen hoch auf der internationalen Agenda. In vielen der betroffenen Länder ist selbst die minimale Versorgung der Bevölkerung mit sozialen Dienstleistungen nicht gewährleistet und Menschenrechte werden auf vielfache Weise verletzt. Der Staat ist meist nicht in der Lage, seine Kernaufgaben zu erfüllen. Es fehlen entsprechende Kapazitäten oder auch der politische Wille zu Reformen. Die Folgen schlechter Regierungsführung treffen arme und benachteiligte Bevölkerungsgruppen in besonderer Weise. Den Vereinten Nationen gelten diese Staaten als wichtigste Herausforderung für Frieden und Sicherheit auf globaler und regionaler Ebene. Die OECD-Staaten und internationale Organisationen haben sich zu einem verstärktem Engagement in fragilen Staaten verpflichtet. Nun steht die internationale Gemeinschaft vor der großen Herausforderung, mit geeigneten entwicklungspolitischen Strategien und Instrumenten Transformationsprozesse mitzugestalten.
Black Aortic Valve: Incidental Finding of Alkaptonuria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Alkaptonuria is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder of tyrosine metabolism, which results in accumulation of homogentisic acid in various tissues, including the cardiovascular system. Case Description We report on a 64-year-old man with mixed aortic valve disease who underwent conventional aortic valve replacement. Intraoperative aortotomy revealed black pigmentation of the intima of the ascending aorta and the aortic valve was observed with thickened and calcified dark black leaflets. Histopathological diagnosis of ochronosis of the aortic valve was made. Conclusion Despite several previous signs and symptoms, the diagnosis of alkaptonuria was not established until aortic valve replacement.
Algorithm for nonlinear process monitoring and controller performance recovery with an application to semi-autogenous grinding

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Chemical and mineral processing industries commonly commission linear feedback controllers to control unit processes over a narrow and linear operating region where the economy of the process is maximized. However, most of these processes are nonlinear outside of this narrow operating region. In the event of a large unmeasured disturbance, a process can shift away from nominal and into an abnormal operating region. Owing to the nonlinearity of these processes, a linear controller tuned for the nominal operating region will perform poorly and possibly lead to an unstable closed-loop system in an abnormal operating region. Moreover, it is often difficult to determine whether a process has shifted to an abnormal operating region if none of the constraints on the measured process outputs are violated. In these events, it is the operator who must detect and recover the process, and this manual response results in a sub-optimal recovery. This thesis develops and demonstrates a control strategy that monitors several process variables simultaneously and provides an estimate of the process shift to a nonlinear abnormal operating region where a linear recovery controller is implemented to recover the process back to nominal. To monitor the process, principal component analysis is proposed for process shifts that can be detected by linear variable transformations. Alternatively, for nonlinear or high-dimensional processes, locally linear embedding is proposed. Once a process shift to an abnormal operating region is detected, the control strategy uses the estimate of the process shift in a recovery controller to recover the process. In the event the linear recovery controller is unable to recover the process, an expert system overrides the recovery controller to return the process to a recoverable region. A case study on a semi-autogenous grinding mill at a processing facility in British Columbia presents the successful application of the control strategy to detect and recover the mill from overloading. Portions of this control strategy have been implemented at this facility, and it provides the operators with a real-time estimate on the magnitude of the mill overload.
[Temperature dependence of additional peaks characteristics of single mode silica fiber stimulated Raman scattering].

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Ten meter single mode silica fiber was used to study the temperature characteristics of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), and additional peaks (double-humped structure) were observed at both sides of pump light and first-order Stokes light in the experiment. The peak intensity increased first, and then decreased as the temperature increased from 80 K to 295 K. The first-order Stokes double-humped wave peaks disappeared when the temperature was 295 K. The double-humped peaks phenomenon was caused by simulated four photon mixing (SFPM), according to stimulated four-photon mixing theoretical calculation. At the same time, the phenomenon that the frequency shift of first-order Stokes spectrum line in SRS increased from 706.9 to 712.9 cm(-1) and its half width increased from 1.75 to 2.18 nm was theoretically explained, and the theoretical results are well consistent with experiments.
Stereospecificity of N-MDA-induced functional deficits.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Male Fischer-344N rats were pretreated bilaterally with intrahippocampal (D) (-)-2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid [(D)-2-APH] (2.5, 5.0 and 10 micrograms/site), a competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, prior to the administration of bilateral N-MDA (10 micrograms/site). (D)-2-APH completely attenuated NMDA-induced hyperactivity and water maze acquisition deficits. (D)-2-APH also attenuated hippocampal pyramidal and granule cell loss induced by NMDA. These effects were stereospecific since pretreatment of the isomer L-(+)-2-APH (10 micrograms/site) had no effect on hyperactivity and water maze acquisition deficits produced by NMDA. In addition, (L)-2-APH provided no protection from NMDA-induced hippocampal granule and pyramidal cell loss. Together, these results suggest that the intrahippocampal administration of NMDA might serve as a useful in vivo model for evaluating the effects associated with the overactivation of NMDA receptors.
[The reaction of adult Roborovskii dwarf hamsters (Phodopus roborovskii) to the odor signals of individuals of their own and the opposite sex at different seasons of the year].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Studies were carried out on adult males and females of the Roborovskii dwarf hamster kept in natural temperature and light regime throughout the year. The reactions of hamsters to odors of urine, excrements, and the secretory substance of the midabdominal gland from conspecific males and females were studied by the method of alternative selection from a pair of presented odor sources during each of the four seasons. The results obtained were compared with reproduction in the tested individuals. It was shown that interest in the same excrements changed in different seasons, urine being the most sexually attractive. However, if the males examine this odor from the opposite sex reliably longer during all seasons, the females show a similar picture only in spring-summer, which coincides with the most active reproduction. Unlike the urine, the secretory substance of the midabdominal gland appears to have greater importance in organization of the territorial interactions between individuals. Both males and females smell the secretory substance of the donor males reliably longer during all seasons, except winter. Feces do not play the leading role either in sexual or territorial interactions, but interest in the odor of this excrement in individuals of both sexes is sufficiently high, especially in summer.
The Topics of Depression on Social Networking Sites

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

While depressive linguistic expressions have been extensively studied in traditional clinical contexts, there has been comparatively little attention devoted to modeling how both depressed and non-depressed individuals express their symptoms on social networking sites as a holistic thematic process. This study addresses this gap by examining how depression is expressed linguistically on social networking sites using various topic modeling techniques, including an innovative methodology based on LLMs. We use datasets in the Brazilian Portuguese language gathered from Instagram, Reddit, and X. Our evaluation reveals that while common themes related to depression emerge across different social networking sites, each platform's unique characteristics influence the thematic content. Reddit discussions focus on symptomatology, Instagram on travel and positive emotions, and Twitter on everyday life and media. The LLM-based approach produced more interpretable topics with a higher embedding-based coherence metric, whereas traditional methods often resulted in noisy and less internally coherent topics. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the holistic online expressions of depression and highlights the potential of advanced topic modeling techniques to reveal subtle aspects of mental health discussions online.
MOPSO process parameters optimization in ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding of hardened steel

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding (UVAG) is frequently prescribed as an effective technique to improve the grindability of difficult-to-cut materials, earning tremendous application opportunities in the industrial field. However, the traditional optimization of grinding parameters requires substantial experimental analyses and is prone to fall into a local optimum. In this study, a multiobjective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) model for grinding forces and surface roughness is established on the basis of comparative experiments between UVAG and conventional grinding. Optimized process parameters are then used to conduct ultrasonic vibration-assisted profile grinding experiments. Results show that the tangential and normal grinding forces are reduced by 20.51% and 18.91%, respectively, and the ground surface roughness ( R a ) is decreased by 9.47%. In addition, the sharpness of grinding wheels can be maintained for UVAG. A Pareto solution set with 15 noninferior solutions is obtained using the MOPSO algorithm, suggesting that the good surface roughness is realized using larger wheel speed and cutting depth and a smaller feed speed. Finally, forming workpieces with excellent shape accuracy and high surface quality, as well as optimized machining parameters, are achieved under the ultrasonic vibration-assisted profile grinding process.
Tax Administration Reform: (Semi-) Autonomous Revenue Authority Anyone?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The Philippines has not been immune to the worldwide trend towards the creation of semi-autonomous revenue authorities. To date, three bills are pending at the House of Representatives seeking to establish a semi-autonomous internal revenue administration to replace the Bureau of Internal Revenue. A review of the international experience reveals that the record of semi-autonomous revenue authorities in improving tax effort and in combating corruption is mixed. Moreover, even in many of the countries that have shown some degree of success with the model, there is some evidence that the gains in revenue performance tend to be eroded after some time. The more successful and sustainable revenue authorities appear to be those that have a higher degree of autonomy. Thus, should Philippine authorities decide to adopt the autonomous revenue authority model, it is imperative that it should be done right. Half measures will not be good enough. Doing it right implies that the new tax agency should be vested with strong autonomy-enhancing features and accountability mechanisms. The paper reviews the specific provisions of the alternative bills and suggests concrete areas for improvement.
Clinical isolates of anaerobic gram-negative rods with a formate-fumarate energy metabolism: Bacteroides corrodens, Vibrio succionogenes, and unidentified strains

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Strains of anaerobic, gram-negative bacteria, isolated from human clinical specimens and from studies of human normal flora, that have energy metabolism similar to Vibrio succinogenes are described. Included are four human isolates of V. succinogenes, five similar strains of motile straight rods, three strains of Bacteroides corrodens, and two unidentified strains. All strains studied grew poorly in usual anaerobic broth media but produced good turbidity in overnight broth cultures in media containing fromate and fumarate, indicating that all have an energy metabolism similar to V. succinogenes: they gain energy by the transfer of electrons from formate or hydrogen to fumarate.
Effects of Structure Parameters on the Hydraulic Performance of the ϕ20 Annular Centrifugal Contactor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Annular centrifugal contactors (ACCs) have many advantages and are therefore favored for nuclear processes. Effects of various structure parameters including diameter of the heavy phase weir, length of the separating zone, width of annular gap, and the clearance height between the top of the vanes and the bottom of the rotor on the hydraulic performance of the ϕ20 ACC were investigated under 3500 r/min and 4500 r/min of rotor speed. The nominal total flow is increased with increase of length of the separating zone below 50 mm and diameter of the heavy phase weir below 12 mm. The effect of the annular gap width on the nominal total flow is complex. The effect of the different clearance height on the nominal total flow is unobvious. These results obtained will guide design and operation of the ϕ20 ACC and other types ACC.
Guidelines for the industrial development of historic villages in China based on resource potential evaluation: 14 cases in the Guangzhou and Foshan Area, Guangdong Province

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Villages around the world are gradually disappearing. Their cultural heritage needs to be not only protected but also transformed into an opportunity to develop historic villages. With the support of national policies, the conservation and development of historic villages have improved in China. In this study, a resource potential evaluation system and the associated criteria for the conservation of historic villages are established. Fourteen historic villages with different rates of development in the Guangzhou and Foshan Area, Guangdong province, China, are quantitatively evaluated, and the resource advantages and deficiencies of each village are analyzed. Furthermore, to identify a suitable development direction for historic villages, the various types of historic villages and their resource potentials are summarized, and corresponding development guidelines are posited.
SU-E-J-232: Surface-Based Deformable Image Registration for Pleural Photodynamic Therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Pleural photodynamic therapy (PDT) is used in conjunction with lung-sparing surgical treatment for mesothelioma. An infrared (IR) camera based tracking system (NDI) has been used to improve the uniformity of delivered light as well as to contour the chest cavity. Deformable image registration of this contour with the contours obtained using other modalities such as CT during treatment planning can be useful to determine light dose to critical internal organs during PDT treatment. Methods: CT images were first imported into Matlab so that structure contour of lung could be obtained via the processes of noise filtrations, segmentation using k-means approach, and contouring using edge detection. The obtained two-dimensional lung contour was then rigidly registered with the contour obtained using the NDI system during the surgery before performing the moving mesh (ALE) based deformable registration in COMSOL Multiphysics. The three-dimensional registration was then obtained via the reconstruction of a series of 2-D results. Results: The contour of lung/chest cavity can be obtained from both CT and NDI system. A series of 2-dimensional deformable image registration are successfully performed for a range of contour cuts (z, along the patient axis) from −5 to 5 cm. Good agreements among contours are obtained for most slices. The reconstructed 3-D surface contours consequently has a good match between the NDI and deformed CT contour. Conclusion: Surface contours of lung/chest cavity of the same patient obtained from CT scans and NDI tracking system are obtained and pre-processed for the deformable image registration using moving mesh. The preliminary results show good registration results. Funding Support: NIH R01-CA-154562
Ireland, Migration and Return Migration: The "Returned Yank" in the Cultural Imagination, 1952 to present

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Drawing on historical, literary and cultural studies perspectives, this book examines the phenomenon of the 'Returned Yank' in the cultural imagination, taking as its point of departure the most exhaustively discussed Returned Yank narrative, The Quiet Man (dir. John Ford, 1952). Often dismissed as a figure that embodies the sentimentality and nostalgia of Irish America writ large, this study argues that the Returned Yank's role in the Irish cultural imagination is much more varied and complex than this simplistic construction allows. Throughout the twentieth century and into the twenty-first, s/he has been widely discussed in broadcast and print media, and depicted in plays, novels, short stories and films. The imagined figure of the Returned Yank has been the driving impetus behind some of Ireland's most well-known touristic endeavours and festivals. In the form of U.S. Presidential visits, s/he has repeatedly been the catalyst for questions surrounding Irish identity. Most significantly, s/he has been mobilised as an arbiter in one of the most important debates in post-Independence Ireland: should Ireland remain a traditional society or should it seek to modernise? His/her repeated appearances in Irish literature and culture after 1952 – in remarkably heterogeneous, often very sophisticated ways – refute claims of the 'aesthetic caution' of Irish writers, dramatists and filmmakers responding to the tradition/modernity debate.