jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
EV-based Smart E-mobility System -- Part I: Concept

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The first of this two-paper series proposes and elaborates a concept of electric vehicle (EV)-based e-mobility system. To this end, models designed to reap the benefits of EVs' flexibility in the literature almost exclusively consider charging stations as active players exploiting the EVs' flexibility. Such stations are seen as static loads able to provide flexibility only when EVs are connected to them. However, this standpoint suffers from two major issues. First, the charging stations need to anticipate some important parameters of the incoming EVs, e.g. time of arrival and departure, state-of-energy of the EV's battery at arrival and the required state-of-energy at its departure. Second, it observes the EVs only when they are connected to these charging stations, thus overlooking the arbitrage and charging opportunities when the EVs are connected to other charging stations. This paper proposes a new viewpoint, where EVs are observed as dynamic movable storage systems which can provide flexibility at any charging station. The paper defines both systems, the existing one, where the flexibility is viewed from the standpoint of charging stations, and the proposed one, where the flexibility is viewed from the EVs' standpoint.
Effects of Conjugation of Ferrocene and Gallic Acid OndesCys11/Lys12/Lys13-(p-BthTX-I)2K Peptide: Structure, Permeabilizationand Antibacterial Activity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is an emerging global health challenge that has led researchers to study alternatives to conventional antibiotics. A promising alternative is antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), produced as the first line of defense by almost all living organisms. To improve its biological activity, the conjugation of AMPs is a promising approach. Objective: In this study, we evaluated the N-terminal conjugation of p-Bt (a peptide derived from Bothrops Jararacuçu`s venom) with ferrocene (Fc) and gallic acid (GA). Acetylated and linear versions of p-Bt were also synthesized to evaluate the importance of N-terminal charge and dimeric structure. Methods: The compounds were obtained using solid-phase peptide synthesis. Circular dichroism, vesicle permeabilization, antimicrobial activity, and cytotoxicity studies were conducted. Results: No increase in antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli was observed by adding either Fc or GA to p-Bt. However, Fc-p-Bt and GA-p-Bt exhibited improved activity against Staphylococcus aureus. No cytotoxicity upon fibroblast was observed for GA-p-Bt. On the other hand, conjugation with Fc increased cytotoxicity. This toxicity may be related to the membrane permeabilization capacity of this bioconjugate, which showed the highest carboxyfluorescein leakage in vesicle permeabilization experiments. Conclusion: Considering these observations, our findings highlight the importance of adding bioactive organic compounds in the N-terminal position as a tool to modulate the activity of AMPs.
Real World Evidence of Safety and Effectiveness of Combination of Vitamin E and &lt;i&gt;Fraxinus excelsior&lt;/i&gt; in Treatment of Indian Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease ranging from liver steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Besides lifestyle modifications, Vitamin E (800 IU/day) is generally recommended for NASH. Vitamin E monotherapy is not sufficient for the multifaceted disease like NALFD. The combination of Vitamin E 400IU and Fraxinus excelsior 500 mg twice daily was found to be better than vitamin E 400 IU twice daily in improving the lipid profile and liver function parameters in patients with NAFLD. We conducted a study to assess safety and effectiveness of Vitamin E plus Fraxinus excelsior in Indian patients with NAFLD in real-world settings. Patients and Methods: This was a non-interventional study in NAFLD patients with varying grades of steatosis conducted by 234 physicians across India from January 2018 to August 2018. Patients received combination of Vitamin E (400 IU) and Fraxinus excelsior (500 mg) soft gelatin capsules twice daily after meals for 12 weeks. Effectiveness of the treatment was assessed at visit 2 (6 weeks) and visit 3 (12 weeks, end of study) from baseline. The parameters for assessment included severity of liver steatosis, liver function parameters and the global assessment of safety and effectiveness. Results: A total of 1114 patients were included in the study. At baseline, majority of the patients (71.18%) had Grade II liver steatosis followed by 21.01% and 7.81% patients who had Grade III and Grade I liver steatosis, respectively. After 12 weeks of treatment with vitamin E and Fraxinus excelsior combination, 21% patients had no steatosis, 58.79% patients were in Grade 1 steatosis, 19.57% in grade II steatosis and only 0.63% patients in Grade III steatosis. The mean percentage reduction in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level at week 6 and week 12 from baseline was 24.92% and 43.79%, respectively. Similarly, the mean percentage reduction in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level at week 6 and week 12 from baseline was 24.37% and 44.05% respectively. The mean reductions in AST and ALT were significant at week 6 and week 12. More than 50% of the investigators rated treatment as excellent for the safety and effectiveness. Conclusion: Evidence from this Indian real-life study suggests that Vitamin E (400 IU) and Fraxinus excelsior (500 mg) is safe and effective for the treatment of NAFLD in routine clinical practice. Its consumption is associated with improvement in hepatic steatosis and liver function parameters (AST and ALT). Given the limited therapeutic options in NAFLD, this combination has the potential to bridge the therapeutic gap in management of NAFLD.
Toxicity Study of Conjugates of PLL and EDTA on Mouse Fibroblast

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: To investigate the toxicity degree of PLE from EDTA and Poly-L-Lysine( PLL) on fibroblast L929 of mouse in vitro culture. Methods: Mouse fibroblast L929 were divided into normal group,control group,PLL group,PLE group and EDTA group,adopting MTT method to compare the effect of EDTA and PLE on proliferation of mouse fibroblast L929 under the same concentration. Results: Taking normal group as standard( 100%),relative growth rate( RGR) of L929 in PLL group,EDTA group,PLE group and control group were 79. 87% 、69. 35% 、81. 47% and20. 12%,lowered than normal group,differences were statistically significant( P 0. 05). As the mass concentration reached 1 000 μmo L / L,toxicity of EDTA on fibroblast L929 reached level 2,PLE group reached level 1. Conclusions: Experiment concentration PLE and EDTA has minor toxicity on mouse fibroblast L929.
Internet-of-Things-Assisted Smart Grid Applications in Industry 4.0

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper studies some recent advances in the field of Smart Grid, including the application of some intelligent algorithms to optimize energy efficiency and energy collection, in order to have some impact on the green theme of Smart Grid under the intelligent system of the Internet of Things. For optimization in SG, evolutionary or heuristic algorithms play an important role. Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO), Emperor Penguin Optimization (EPO), Butterfly Mating Optimazation (BMO), Honey Bee Mating Optimization (HBMO) and many other algorithms have been applied to SG optimization, and more and more flexible, skilled and robust algorithms will be added to contribute to SG optimization in the future.
FAKTOR INTERNAL YANG MEMPENGARUHI PEMBIAYAAN BANK UMUM SYARIAH DI INDONESIA PERIODE 2014-SEPTEMBER 2019

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to determine the effect of internal factors of Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia on financing. Measured through Bank Size (Size), Liquidity Ratio, Capital Ratio, and Third Party Funds (DPK) of the four independent variables will be tested for the effect on one dependent variable. Sampling in this study uses a purposive sampling technique that includes all Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia and is taken in accordance with the criteria and research objectives into the observation data. The observation period of research data from 2014-September 2019 amounted to 8 banks. The analytical method used is panel data regression. The results of this study found that partially Bank Size, Liquidity Ratios, Capital Ratios and Third Party Funds had a positive and significant effect on Islamic commercial bank financing in Indonesia. However, the Capital Ratio has a negative and significant effect on Islamic commercial bank financing in Indonesia. Simultaneously, the four variables indicate that the independent variable influences the financing of Islamic commercial banks. The significance value of the F-statistic test shows the number 0.000000 with the value of the R-squared coefficient 0.990219 or 99% which means the four independent variables can explain financing well.Keywords: Financing, bank size, liquidity ratio, capital ratio, third party funds
Orígenes y evolución del movimiento liberal en España. El Iberismo

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Worthy of note within the Spanish history is the role of the 1808 Generation. Its main task is to start up the substitution of the absolutist regime for a liberal model. In the political arena, the ability shown by the Spanish people to self-govern is surprising. In less than a trimester, a new government is formed: The Supreme Central Board. The freedom of the press and the elaboration of the first Constitution (1812) is good proof of the efficiency achieved, given the critical situation. On military affairs the movement resorts to “total war”: to the peasants especially, base of the “guerrilla” volunteering; also on weaponry: each one fights with what is at hand. The economic, social, political and even psychological consequences are very high, which will be latent for at least half a century of instability between liberal and absolutist governments. The Iberism will gain strength as an alternative, both in Portugal and Spain, against England and France respectively.
What Do Adult Graduate Students Want? Using the Typology of Cognitive/Affective/Psychomotor Learning Domains to Explore Good and Bad Learning Experiences

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Adult graduate students in five cohorts nation-wide listed factors of good and bad learning experiences; factors were sorted into cognitive, affective, and psychomotor categories. Overall a high frequency of response in the affective domain was revealed. Instructor/student relationship was prominent. This work can inform curricular and faculty development design decisions.
Capturing Prospective Teachers' Beliefs about Mathematical Problem Solving

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Beliefs about problem solving are very important because they form the basis for learning mathematics.This research describes beliefs of prospective mathematics teachers toward mathematical problem solving.Participants of this research consisted of 157 prospective mathematics teachers at a private University in Semarang.Participants have sufficient background in the field of mathematics and pedagogy study in learning.Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and beliefs questionnaire on problem solving with answer choices.Questionnaire we used was to investigate the beliefs of prospective teachers about mathematical problem solving, while the interview process that we used was to obtain qualitative data.Based on the results of the questionnaire, each one of the prospective teacher students who had instrumentalist, platonic and constructivist beliefs was interviewed for their beliefs in mathematical problems, problem solving and problem solving processes.The results of the research show that most of prospective teacher tended to have platonist beliefs in every statement of mathematical problems and mathematical problem solving.But on the statement of the problem solving process, the most of prospective teachers tended to have constructivist beliefs.The belief perspective is built to help teachers understand and develop mathematical knowledge needed in solving mathematical problems.
Marine and Offshore Safety Assessment by Incorporative Risk Modeling in a Fuzzy‐Bayesian Network of an Induced Mass Assignment Paradigm

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The incorporation of the human element into a probabilistic risk‐based model is one that requires a possibilistic integration of appropriate techniques and/or that of vital inputs of linguistic nature. While fuzzy logic is an excellent tool for such integration, it tends not to cross its boundaries of possibility theory, except via an evidential reasoning supposition. Therefore, a fuzzy‐Bayesian network (FBN) is proposed to enable a bridge to be made into a probabilistic setting of the domain. This bridge is formalized by way of the mass assignment theory. A framework is also proposed for its use in maritime safety assessment. Its implementation has been demonstrated in a maritime human performance case study that utilizes performance‐shaping factors as the input variables of this groundbreaking FBN risk model.
Localization and Expression of Calpain in the Cochlea of Normal Guinea Pig

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective To investigate the localization and expression of calpains in the cochlea of normal guinea pig.Methods The expression of calpains was detected by the SABC method of immunohistochemistry combined with imaging analysis technique.Auditory brainstem response(ABR) measurement was used to test the hearing of guinea pig.Results Immunoreactivity for calpains was mainly found in stria vascularis,spiral ligament,spiral ganglions and hair cells,and immunostaining was greater in spiral ganglion.Furthermore,the calpain 1 expression dominantly existed in the cytoplasm of spiral ganglions,while calpain 2 immunostaining was almost found in the whole spiral ganglion cells.Conclusions Calpain exists in many cell types of normal guinea pig's cochlea.
A 20-Year-Old Contraceptive Device Transformed into a Calcified Mass

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Case: A 52-year-old female who was presented to accident and emergency felt unwell; she reported that she had an IUCD inserted over 20 years ago. On examination she had a large calcified mass occupying the vagina. CT scan confirmed a calcified IUCD. Conclusion: Serious complication secondary to IUCD is rare but well recorded, extensive calcification as in this case is very rare and has not been previously reported.
Listening to female sex workers in Vietnam: influences on safe-sex practices with clients and partners

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background: This qualitative study assessed HIV/AIDS knowledge and frequency of and influences on condom use with clients and regular, non-client partners among female sex workers (FSWs) in Khanh Hoa, a tourist-oriented province of central Vietnam where sex work is common. Methods: Data were collected via semi-structured interviews with indirect (n = 16) and direct (n = 9) FSWs. Results: Although the majority of respondents were well informed about HIV/AIDS transmission, about one-third had inaccurate beliefs about HIV-positive people as well as the mechanisms by which HIV is transmitted from mother to child. Condom use was inconsistent. More direct than indirect FSWs reported using condoms most of the time with clients but none used condoms all the time. With regular partners, most respondents reported that they never used condoms. Around one-third of women hid their sex work from their regular partners, who made the decision to use or not to use condoms. The most frequently reported reasons for not using condoms with clients were because clients offered a higher price, clients insisted on condom-free sex, and possession of condoms as evidence of sex worker status. For regular partners, the reasons were familiarity, condom use being dependent on partner’s decision, and condom use as evidence of sex worker status. There was no apparent relationship between HIV knowledge, time in sex work, and safe sex practices. Conclusion: Recommendations are made to improve the rate of condom use among FSWs.
[Mechanism mediating HIV replication in infected individuals].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A long asymptomatic period is one of the characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). How actively HIV replicates in vivo and what controls viral replication during this period remains to be clarified. Proviral DNA integrated into the cellular DNA of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) is not completely silent, but the viral antigens in PBL are extremely low. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the low levels of viral replication: i) the regulatory genes encoded in HIV might control the expression of viral DNA, ii) the majority of the proviruses might be defective, iii) host immune systems such as T cell-mediated HIV-specific cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity might eliminate infected cells, and iv) CD8+ lymphocytes might suppress spontaneous viral replication in PBL.
Development and Feasibility of a Family-Based Health Behavior Intervention Using Intelligent Personal Assistants: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND

Intelligent personal assistants such as Amazon Echo and Google Home have become increasingly integrated into the home setting and, therefore, may facilitate behavior change via novel interactions or as an adjunct to conventional interventions. However, little is currently known about their potential role in this context.

OBJECTIVE

This feasibility study aims to develop the Intelligent Personal Assistant Project (IPAP) and assess the acceptability and feasibility of this technology for promoting and maintaining physical activity and other health-related behaviors in both parents and children.

METHODS

This pilot feasibility study was conducted in 2 phases. For phase 1, families who were attending a community-based weight management project were invited to participate, whereas phase 2 recruited families not currently receiving any additional intervention. Families were randomly allocated to either the intervention group (received a smart speaker for use in the family home) or the control group. The IPAP intervention aimed to promote positive health behaviors in the family setting through utilization of the functions of a smart speaker and its linked intelligent personal assistant. Data were collected on recruitment, retention, outcome measures, intervention acceptability, device interactions, and usage.

RESULTS

In total, 26 families with at least one child aged 5 to 12 years were recruited, with 23 families retained at follow-up. Across phase 1 of the intervention, families interacted with the intelligent personal assistant a total of 65 times. Although device interactions across phase 2 of the intervention were much higher (312 times), only 10.9% (34/312) of interactions were coded as relevant (related to diet, physical activity or well-being). Focus groups highlighted that the families found the devices acceptable and easy to use and felt that the prompts or reminders were useful in prompting healthier behaviors. Some further intervention refinements in relation to the timing of prompts and integrating feedback alongside the devices were suggested by families.

CONCLUSIONS

Using intelligent personal assistants to deliver health-related messages and information within the home is feasible, with high levels of engagement reported by participating families. This novel feasibility study highlights important methodological considerations that should inform future trials testing the effectiveness of intelligent personal assistants in promoting positive health-related behaviors.

CLINICALTRIAL

ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN16792534; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN16792534
Symptom heterogeneity and patient subgroup classification among US patients with post-treatment Lyme disease: an observational study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives To identify underlying subgroups with distinct symptom profiles, and to characterise and compare these subgroups across a range of demographic, clinical and psychosocial factors, within a heterogeneous group of patients with well-defined post-treatment Lyme disease (PTLD). Design A clinical case series of patents. Setting Participants were recruited from a single-site, Lyme disease referral clinic patient population and were evaluated by physical exam, clinical laboratory testing and standardised questionnaires. Participants Two hundred and twelve participants met study criteria for PTLD, with medical record-confirmed prior Lyme disease as well as current symptoms and functional impact. Results Exploratory factor analysis classified 30 self-reported symptoms into 6 factors: ‘Fatigue Cognitive’, ‘Ocular Disequilibrium’, ‘Infection-Type’, ‘Mood-Related’, ‘Musculoskeletal Pain’ and ‘Neurologic’. A final latent profile analysis was conducted using ‘Fatigue Cognitive’, ‘Musculoskeletal Pain’ and ‘Mood-Related’ factor-based scores, which produced three emergent symptom profiles, and participants were classified into corresponding subgroups with 59.0%, 18.9% and 22.2% of the sample, respectively. Compared with the other two groups, subgroup 1 had similarly low levels across all factors relative to the sample as a whole, and reported lower rates of disability (1.6% vs 10.0%, 12.8%; q=0.126, 0.035) and higher self-efficacy (median: 7.5 vs 6.0, 5.3; q=0.068,<0.001). Subgroup 2 had the highest ‘Musculoskeletal Pain’ factor-based scores (q≤0.001). Subgroup 3 was characterised overall by higher symptom factor-based scores, and reported higher depression (q≤0.001). Conclusions This analysis identified six symptom factors and three potentially clinically relevant subgroups among patients with well-characterised PTLD. We found that these subgroups were differentiated not only by symptom phenotype, but also by a range of other factors. This may serve as an initial step towards engaging with the symptom heterogeneity that has long been observed among patients with this condition.
The Interaction of Quantum Well Excitons with Evanescent EM Waves and the Spectroscopy of Waveguide Polaritons

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A transfer matrix method has been used to calculate the dispersion relations of planar dielectric waveguides (WGs) containing quantum well (QW) excitons. It is found that WG polaritons are formed, whose dispersion displays the classic anti-crossing behaviour at the exciton resonance frequency. For a QW placed at the anti-node of the fundamental TE mode of the WG considered, the Rabi-splitting is calculated to be 6.55meV, with WG polaritons of lifetime ~ 7 ps, corresponding to a displacement along the WG axis of ~ 0.5 mm. A smaller splitting of the polariton modes (4.7 meV) was found for the case of the QW placed in the cladding of the WG.
Christianity and Opposition to the Death Penalty: Late Modern Shifts

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article sketches the shifts in Christian thought and denominations on capital punishment from the early church to today in the United States, and then examines the ethical issues in the administration of capital punishment both before and since the Supreme Count stopped executions in 1972. The conclusion of the article is that overwhelming evidence of the injustice of death sentences could not sway popular support for capital punishment, but evidence that switching to life sentences could save states millions of dollars is swaying many pro‐death penalty voters and legislators.