jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An Experiential Approach to Research in Planning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Most planning research seeks to understand how current planning practices influence (and are influenced by) the processes and institutional contexts of decision making and the transformation of spaces. Typically, analytical methods borrowed from other social sciences are employed for this purpose. However, if one wants to know how new planning practices can be generated, a different research approach seems to be needed. Relevant innovations do not originate in an academic vacuum, but have to be developed in coproduction with intended users and in the context of their intended use. Only then can a reciprocal learning process between research and practice be activated in which original hypotheses about possible planning innovations are developed through iterative testing, reflection, and adaptation. In our opinion, carrying out research into possible planning innovations thus requires a different type of research methodology from the one typically applied. Because of its static nature, a traditional comparative case-study analysis—as often used in planning research—does not allow for such an iterative, evolutionary process. In this paper we propose a new methodology, which we have labelled ‘experiential case-study analysis’. In this approach each case study provides learning experiences that fuel theory building, but also serve as input for the next case study. We have used this approach to develop and test different planning innovations in three case studies in the field of transport and urban planning in The Netherlands.
Osteoid Osteoma of the Hip Joint. A Case Report.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report a case of osteoid osteoma of the femoral neck causing arthritis of the hip joint. The patient was an 18-year-old boy, who complained of limping and severe hip pain with limited range of motion. There was no abnormal radiological findings on his first visit to the doctor, immediately after the onset of pain. At our investigation one year after the onset of pain, radiograph showed sclerosis at the proximal femoral neck. MRI showed low intensity on T1WI and high intensity on T2WI in the femoal neck and high intensity on T2WI in the hip joint space. Bone scintiscan demonstrated an abnormal integration in the left hip joint. Tomography and computerized tomography revealed a nidus surrounded by a sclerotic lesion in the cortex of the left femoral neck. There was no infectious sign in laboratory data. Curettage and iliac bone graft were performed. The diagnosis of osteoid osteoma was confirmed by histology. Hip pain and limping disappeared after surgery, although, limited range of motion of the hip remained due to patient's lack of cooperation with rehabilitation. Osteoid osteoma causing hip arthritis was rare. Purulent arthritis, bone tumor and pigmented villonodular synovitis should be considered as a differential diagnosis.
PISCO: Physical Oceanography: moored temperature data: Santa Cruz Island, California, USA (VAL)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This metadata record describes moored seawater temperature data collected at Santa Cruz Island, California, USA, by PISCO. Measurements were collected using StowAway Tidbit Temperature Loggers (Onset Computer Corp. TBIC32+4+27) beginning 2007-07-24. The instrument depth was 003 meters, in an overall water depth of 015 meters (both relative to Mean Sea Level, MSL). The sampling interval was 2.0 minutes.
Italian Validation of the Barcelona Music Reward Questionnaire

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Music experience is considered a highly pleasant activity, with musical stimuli evoking emotions and activating reward brain circuits. The Barcelona Music Reward Questionnaire (BMRQ) evaluates the main facets of music experience that could describe individual differences in music-associated reward. In this work, we validated an Italian version of the BMRQ since only Spanish, English, and French versions are currently available. The original version was translated into Italian, adapted and validated following the methodology proposed in the original BMRQ. The questionnaire was administered to adult participants through an online survey. A total of 1,218 participants were considered for the analysis. Our primary factor analysis showed an overall good structural validity (goodness of fit index &gt; .999). The reliability estimates of each facet varied from .839 and .930, with some items showing higher factor loadings for a different facet than the expected one. Similar findings resulted from an additional analysis performed on a restricted sample (age &lt;= 30 years and upper secondary education level), more comparable with those of the other studies. The Italian BMRQ appears overall valid and reliable despite some differences with the previous studies, suggesting its applicability might be worth testing with different populations and contexts (e.g., clinical context).
A comparison of the yield of three grass species at various levels of nitrogenous fertilizer sown alone or in a mixture

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary The production of herbage dry matter harvested from a mixture of S. 24 perennial ryegrass, S. 37 cocksfoot and S. 48 timothy is compared with the yields of the same species sown alone. Various levels of fertilizer nitrogen were applied to the grasses which were harvested by cutting fourteen times over a 3-year period. The possibility that the mixture produced a greater yield than swards of pure species (after taking into account that the three species are not present in equal proportions in herbage harvested from the mixture) was examined using the concept of ‘the sum of the relative yields’. There was no evidence of a beneficial or antagonistic effect of one species on another; rather, the species seemed to be ‘mutually exclusive’ (de Wit & van den Bergh, 1965). The botanical composition of the mixture changed through the course of the experiment, e.g. cocksfoot became increasingly dominant, particularly at the highest level of nitrogen. Changes in composition accounted for any tendency for the yield of the mixture to deviate from the mean of the pure-sown swards. Some of the advantages and disadvantages of using mixtures are discussed and it is concluded that a rational approach to grassland husbandry should be based on swards sown to a single grass variety.
A CRITICAL STUDY ON THE CONTROVERSY OF ABHIDHAMMA ACCORDING TO HISTORICAL AND TRADITIONAL APPROACH

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT This research provides a critical examination over the controversy surrounding the history of Abhidhamma based on historical background and written tradition. It is a library research which was done by collecting and scrutinizing data from the Tipitaka and its commentaries, combined with articles and books written by Buddhist scholars. Abhidhamma which is traditionally understood as higher teaching taught by the Buddha, reveals controversies among Buddhist scholars. They questioned the historical authenticity of Abhidhamma as the words of the Buddha, since they found several incompatibilities when looking at the historical background of the development of Buddhist literature. Kathāvatthuppakaraṇa, one of the seven books of Abhidhamma Piṭaka, is strong evidence that the book was compiled by Ven. Mogaliputtatissa Thera in the end of the third Buddhist council long after the parinibbāna of the Buddha. However, the written tradition as reported in the commentaries asserts that Abhidhamma should be accepted as Buddhavacana. Bhikkhu Buddhaghosa Thera in his commentaries consistently tried to highlight the Abhidhamma as higher teachings that should be acknowledged as Buddhavacana. This research sheds light on how the history of Abhidhamma is perceived on through the lenses of history and written tradition.
Simple preterit and composite perfect tense

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper explores several interrelated pragmatic issues connected to the (verbal and adjectival) passive and the periphrastic perfect tense. The language of investigation is German. In Sections 1 and 2, I start with tense selection, as both verbal passives and Extended-Now-adverbs impose restrictions on the tenses they can co-occur with. While the passive selects the preterit (among the tenses referring to the past), Extended-Now-adverbs select the perfect. The paper then shows how the selection restrictions on tense interact with other restrictions on the use of Extended-Nowadverbs. It is demonstrated in Section 3 how this complex interaction can be described in a coherent pragmatic Optimality-Theoretic framework together with a standard semantics of tense and adverbials. The paper then concludes with Section 4, which deals with criteria shared by the adjectival passive and the perfect. Pragmatic errors in usage and the necessary repair mechanisms are also dealt with.
Perpetual Versus Subscription Licensing Under Quality Uncertainty and Network Externality Effects

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

We discuss the optimal way for a software vendor to license software: a perpetual license at a posted price, a subscription contract that subscribers receive automatic updates for periodic payment, or a hybrid approach that involves both. By addressing specific issues in the software market such as network effects, quality uncertainty, upgrade compatibility, and the vendor's ability to commit to future prices in a dynamic environment, we demonstrate how a software vendor can manage the trade-offs of perpetual licensing and subscription to optimize profit, as well as the corresponding welfare effect on consumers. Although the subscription model helps the vendor lock in consumers so as to increase profit when there is great uncertainty associated with the next version software, it destroys the path dependence in creating network externalities. Therefore, when the network effect is sufficiently large, it is more profitable for a software vendor to provide both perpetual licensing and subscription.
Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis with Progression to Brain Death Following Naegleria Fowleri Infection in a Teenage Female

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Naegleria fowleri is a high-temperature freshwater-living amoeba that causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) by invading nasal epithelium. N. fowleri lives ubiquitously in high-temperature freshwater, but only around 400 cases of PAM have been published worldwide. The mortality rate is 98%. No treatment is 100% effective. A previously healthy 17-year-old female presented to an urgent care center with fever, headache, sore throat, ear pain, and dizziness. She had swum in freshwater 5 days prior. Her symptoms progressed to altered mental status, photo- and phonophobia, and neck stiffness. Within 4 days, she developed increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and eventually brain death. Two unsuccessful lumbar punctures were attempted before the third provided cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Magnetic resonance imaging showed diffuse cerebral edema, effacement of basal cisterns, tonsillar herniation with diffuse loss of gray–white matter differentiation, leptomeningitis, bifrontal encephalitis with evolving frontal lobe cortical infarcts, and ventriculitis. She was treated with metronidazole, vancomycin, ceftriaxone, acyclovir, and doxycycline. Her increased ICP progressed to brain death, and she died 11 days after lake exposure. CSF PCR was reported positive for N. fowleri the day after her death. Despite advances in diagnostic testing for N. fowleri with PCR, mortality rate is high and current treatments are highly ineffective. This case highlights the importance of epidemiological exposure and considering PAM on the differential diagnosis. Although headache and fever are benign symptoms, they could also represent the first stages of a deadly disease and their progression should be addressed promptly.
THE VISUAL FUNCTIONS OF THE COMPLETE COLORBLIND

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

1. The visual functions of a completely colorblind individual are compared with those of the normal. The sensibility distribution in the spectrum has a maximum at 520 mµ at all brightnesses and thus corresponds to rod vision alone. This is confirmed by studies of dark adaptation which show final thresholds like those usually found for rod vision. Dark adaptation, measured both centrally and peripherally in the retina, is a single continuous function, and regardless of the brightness of the preceding light adaptation, is of the rapid type only, such as that found for the normal following low light adaptation. Visual acuity also shows a single continuous function like that for rod vision. 2. Both critical fusion frequency and intensity discrimination show two sections, one at low and the other at high intensities with a sharp transition from one to the other. Intensity discrimination is as good as for the normal eye, and covers much the same range. The maximal critical fusion frequency is only about 20 cycles per second as compared to 55 cycles for the normal. 3. The two sections shown by the colorblind eye for intensity discrimination and fusion frequency possess the spectral sensitivity of rod vision since the relative positions on the intensity scale are not influenced by using different parts of the spectrum.
Ultrasonography and hepatobiliary scintigraphy in the assessment of biliary-enteric anastomoses.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Twenty-three patients with surgical diversion of the biliary tract were serially studied with ultrasonography and hepatobiliary scintigraphy using 99mTc-HIDA or 99mTc-disofenin. Refluxed biliary air resulted in nondiagnostic sonograms in 14% of cases. Persistent postoperative dilatation was present in five patients (22%). Scintigraphy allowed differentiation of biliary dilatation with obstruction from nonobstructed dilatation. By coordinating the noninvasive imaging results, those patients requiring study using direct injection of contrast material may be selected.
Metropolisation and the challenge of rural-urban dichotomies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The challenge of governing metropolitan regions calls urban-rural relationships into question. Rural actors' silence within it and the blurring of boundaries between urban and rural are still much debated issues. This paper explores the rural perspective on metropolisation processes, considering local actors' perceptions towards incorporation into a larger urban entity, urban-rural cooperation and the barriers hindering it. Our case investigates a peripheral area within the Italian "National Strategy for Inner Areas" that simultaneously falls into a metropolitan region (Genoa). Adopting a mixed-methods approach, and a rural perspective, we scrutinize i) the material and imagined coherence of the strategic planning (inner) area, and ii) their role in the metropolitan locality-making. Despite a presumed collapse of the urban-rural dichotomy or the two categories, yet the rural exhibits a distinctive identity. However, its agency, even when it is given more voice within metropolitan governance, might be disempowered by colliding policies and internal fragmentations.
Professionalism and Monopoly of Expertise: Lawyers and Administrative Law, 1933–1937

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study situates the response of various segments of the bar to the New Deal era of administrative expansion in the context of contemporary theories of the legal profession. I focus on the theoretical formulations of a market monopoly approach, a functionalist approach, and a systems approach to the study of professionalism and professional competition. I consider each approach in light of two foundational prisms: (1) the stratified composition of the bar necessarily leads to a corresponding variation in the response to changes in the legal environment; (2) at the elite level of the profession, there is considerable attention to changes that affect the law as a system of knowledge and as a resource around which lawyers establish their professional legitimacy as exclusive experts. I draw attention to the strategic mechanisms that lawyers invoked in order to deal with the inter- and intraprofessional competition that accompanied the expansion of the regulatory state.
Regularity and stability of coupled plate equations with indirect structural or Kelvin-Voigt damping

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the regularity and stability of the semigroup associated with a system of coupled plate equations is considered. Indirect structural or Kelvin-Voigt damping is imposed, i.e. , only one equation is directly damped by one of these two damping. By the frequency domain method, we show that the associated semigroup of the system with indirect structural damping is analytic and exponentially stable. However, with the much stronger indirect Kelvin-Voigt damping, we prove that, by the asymptotic spectral analysis, the semigroup is even not differentiable. The exponential stability is still maintained. Finally, some numerical simulations of eigenvalues of the corresponding one-dimensional systems are also given.
A self directed adaptive e-portfolio architecture for learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The learners of the new millennium prefer to be self-learners. They prefer self evaluation by taking self-test and creating their own knowledge after a learning session. Autonomy in the learning process is the key focus of the modern learning environment. This paper describes the architecture of a self-learning environment which incorporates adaptive and intelligent features in the learning process. A detailed analysis of the various adaptive learning techniques was carried out and implemented in the designed architecture.
3‐Iodo‐2‐Propynyl Butylcarbamate 55406‐53‐6

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) is an internationally recognized chemical that has been used for years because of its wide field of application. Initially used as a water-based paint and wood preservative and then in metalworking fluids, its role has expanded into the more recent uses in cosmetic products. The need for a potent, broad-spectrum, and safe preservative system in cosmetics allowed for the discovery of several combinations of IPBC effective against a wide variety of organisms. Although IPBC has claimed to be safe when used at concentrations less than 0.1%, the introduction of IPBC into cosmetics has led to several reports labeling IPBC as a potential new contact allergen. As the use of this seemingly safe preservative becomes vast, an increased number of cases of IPBC-induced contact allergy is likely.
Chondro-osseous respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma of the nasal cavity (COREAH): A case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Determine the efficacy of the anterior skull base reconstruction in adult patients with intranasal meningoceles and meningoencephaloceles treated by endoscopic endonasal approach. Study design: Retrospective observational study of adult patients admitted to a tertiary hospital. Materials and methods: Intranasal meningocele was defined as a protrusion of meninges through a defect in the skull base forming a cyst filled with cerebrospinal fluid in the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses. If the cyst had brain tissue it was called meningoencephalocele. The electronic clinical records of patients admitted with suspected of intranasal MC or MEC between January 2010 and December 2018 were reviewed. All patients treated by endoscopic endonasal approach were included. We excluded those cases with anterior skull base previous surgeries (iatrogenic or following tumoral resections), reconstruction with external surgical approaches and those who were less than 18 years old. Results: Intranasal MC was the most frequent lesion (6/5) and there was one patient with MEC (1/6). 5 cases were idiopathic and one patient had history of transnasal surgery. A total of 83,3% of the cases were primary surgeries and one patient had 3 prior MC surgeries. Only in four of them (66,6%) the lesion location was detected by at least one of the studies (CT, MRI and/or endoscopy). We performed a multilayer closure technique in all patients. During the immediate postoperative period, one patient had acute meningitis. One patient had a CSF leak recurrence 4 months after surgery. The success rate of the reconstructions performed by endonasal approach was 83.33% (5/6). The average follow-up of the patients was 15 months. Conclusion: The effectiveness of the anterior skull base reconstruction in adult patients with meningoceles and meningoencephaloceles performed by endoscopic endonasal approach in our series was 83.33% (5/6). This procedure is currently the gold standard due to its high efficacy and low morbidity. According to current studies, it is recommended to perform the reconstruction with a multilayer technique.
Maternal Western diet increases adiposity even in male offspring of obesity-resistant rat dams: early endocrine risk markers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Maternal overnutrition or associated complications putatively mediate the obesogenic effects of perinatal high-fat diet on developing offspring. Here, we tested the hypothesis that a Western diet developmental environment increases adiposity not only in male offspring from obesity-prone (DIO) mothers, but also in those from obesity-resistant (DR) dams, implicating a deleterious role for the Western diet per se. Selectively bred DIO and DR female rats were fed chow (17% kcal fat) or Western diet (32%) for 54 days before mating and, thereafter, through weaning. As intended, despite chow-like caloric intake, Western diet increased prepregnancy weight gain and circulating leptin levels in DIO, but not DR, dams. Yet, in both genotypes, maternal Western diet increased the weight and adiposity of preweanlings, as early as in DR offspring, and increased plasma leptin, insulin, and adiponectin of weanlings. Although body weight normalized with chow feeding during adolescence, young adult Western diet offspring subsequently showed decreased energy expenditure and, in DR offspring, decreased lipid utilization as a fuel substrate. By mid-adulthood, maternal Western diet DR offspring ate more chow, weighed more, and were fatter than controls. Thus, maternal Western diet covertly programmed increased adiposity in childhood and adulthood, disrupted relations of energy regulatory hormones with body fat, and decreased energy expenditure in offspring of lean, genetically obesity-resistant mothers. Maternal Western diet exposure alone, without maternal obesity or overnutrition, can promote offspring weight gain.