jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Validation of Russian-language version of the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) for patients with multiple sclerosis in the Russian Federation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective. To assess validity and reproducibility of Russian-language version of the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) compared to original paper English-language form of this scale. Material and methods. The study was conducted in 6 centers of the Russian Federation and approved by the ethical committee. There were 60 adults according to inclusion criteria. Two raters examined all patients at two visits. Neurological status was assessed using the EDSS scale in 30 patients and Russian-language version of the same scale in 30 patients. We assessed the time spent by raters to fill out paper forms of each scale. We used the version of scale translated into Russian by two translators independently of each other with subsequent reverse translation into English. Results. Both scales have comparable indicators of intra- and inter-expert reliability and internal consistency. Both scales showed high intra-expert reliability both for functional scales and final score (ICC=0.962 [95% CI: 0.937; 0.977] and 0.997 [95% CI: 0.994; 0.998], respectively). Inter-expert reliability within a single visit was higher for the Russian-language version of the scale (ICC >0.9) for final score and individual functional systems. Internal consistency of scales was sufficient (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.78 [95% CI: 0.72; 0.82] and 0.74 [95% CI: 0.68; 0.79], respectively). No significant difference was found in filling time (181 (159.5—204.5) and 200 (167—289) s, respectively, p=0.6282). Conclusion. The Russian-language version of the scale is a reliable and valid equivalent of the EDSS and can be used in routine clinical practice and clinical trials.
Estimating the prevalence of injury involving Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Western Australia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Due to the limited injury information currently available (other than death or hospitalisation data), alternative sources of data on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander injury are imperative. The specific aim of this report is to survey some existing data sources that may be useful to support future injury prevention programs targeting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Western Australia. In particular, the authors examine these available sources of data on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people's injury critically, reviewing how they can be used to estimate the prevalence of injury involving Aboriginal people. Recommendations are made regarding further work in this area. (a)
Table S5 from A Transcriptome-Based Precision Oncology Platform for Patient–Therapy Alignment in a Diverse Set of Treatment-Resistant Malignancies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Comprehensive list of clinically relevant drugs screened in cell lines (not all were available at time of study). The list is divided into three sections, including one with FDA approved antineoplastics, one with experimental antineoplastics in clinical trials, and one with non-antineoplastics and tool compounds selectively screened when demonstrating an EC50 < 2μM.</p>
(Rules 51-60) Procedural steps and contents of initial documents

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter addresses the general provisions for the commencement of proceedings, such as those concerning: (a) pre-commencement procedural duties and their relationship with mandatory pre-action mediation; (b) statement of claim and its content; (c) statement of defense and counterclaims; (d) amendment to pleadings and withdrawal of the claim. The chapter also deals with the joint application for party-agreed-proceedings, inspired by the French requête conjointe.
Legal Regulations Peculiarities of the Natural Post-Soviet Monopoly Activity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The system of State regulation of natural monopolies activity determines the production and financial indices of these enterprises. One of the main conditions of the effective regulation is the presence of stable normative legal system that establishes "game directive" for monopolists in the market. The legislative basis of regulation must favor the construction of an owner to a customer responsibility system, stimulate the natural monopolies management quality growth and increase the competence of the controlling units’ officials.The principal law regulating the natural monopolies activity in the post-Soviet countries, the Law "About Natural Monopolies" is considered in the article. On the basis of the carried out comparative analysis of this Law, the similarities and differences of natural monopolies’ activity types in the CIS states; the State regulation methods and control management subjects activity; the absence or presence of indispensable conditions of running business by monopolists; the law restrictions of liability have been found.To optimize and increase the control efficiency of natural monopolies in Ukraine, the article suggests adding several fundamental regulations to the Law "About Natural Monopolies". This will stimulate the State control efficiency growth and regulation of natural monopolies subjects activity. There is necessity of further more detailed study of the State regulation of natural monopolies activity problems and recommendations on its perfection development.
Les visions et référentiels des politiques de développement territorial dans l’arganeraie : retour sur 10 ans d’initiatives et de projets

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Les zones d’arrière-pays des pays du pourtour méditerranéen auxquelles appartient l’arganeraie ont donné lieu à de nouvelles formes d’interventions publiques généralement basées sur la valorisation des produits de terroir et des ressources patrimoniales, Dans le cadre d’un projet de recherches partenarial, les dispositifs de soutien en faveur de l’arganeraie notamment via le Pillier II du Plan Maroc Vert sont étudiés. L’analyse de documents programmatiques, d’observations participantes, et d’entretiens avec les différentes catégories d’acteurs permet d’éclairer les objectifs de ces politiques et les visions du monde qu’elles portent. Par une approche cognitive des politiques publiques, leurs connexions avec les réalités et les attentes des sociétés locales sont discutées en termes de mise en œuvre. Il ressort que les objectifs de compétitivité restent leur paradigme dominant par lequel prévalent les logiques de compétitivité et les exigences de professionnalisation et de spécialisation de manière mimétique par rapport au modèle dominant en Europe. Par exemple, l’appropriation des signes de qualité, décidée de manière descendance semble peu effective et ne pas correspondre aux besoins des marchés locaux. Ce faisant, en ne prenant pas en compte la complexité des systèmes de production locaux de l’arganeraie, espace multiséculaire de pluri-activité, ils ignorent souvent les enjeux de survie à court terme auxquels sont confrontés de nombreux acteurs locaux. Les dispositifs participatifs restent formels, et pour remédier à cette déconnexion, un renforcement plus appuyé des capacités humaines et la formation pourrait générer de nouvelles aptitudes organisationnelles, permettre de dépasser les effets d’opportunisme et favoriser l’émergence de projets issus des acteurs locaux, donc mieux articulés avec leurs attentes.
Traduire ce que les mots ne disent pas, mais ce qu'ils font

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Continuing his reflection and work on rhythm, the author shows how a poetics of translation can overcome the limits of a theory of sign based on the meaning/form dichotomy. As an alternative to this approach, which situates the poem and the translation in a logic of discontinuity, the author proposes that language and translation he reconsidered from the viewpoint of the continuity of discourse and the unity of rhythm. Consequently, translation consists in translating not what words say, hut what they do. As an example, the author applies this approach to the translation of the famous first two verses of Psalm 22.
Fluorescence excitation function of Ni 1200‐Å and cross sections for fluorescence photon‐photoion coincidence produced through photoexcitation of N2

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The absolute fluorescence excitation function of the N i 1200‐Å emission through photoexcitation of N 2 has been measured in the 250‐620 Å region using synchrotron radiation as the continuous tunable light source. The dissociative photoionization excitation of N 2 involving the production of N i 1200‐Å emission and N + ion has also been studied at several selected photon wavelengths shortward of 360 Å using a coincidence technique to detect the N i 1200‐Å fluorescence photon and the N + ion. The maximum quantum yields for producing these processes are of the order of 6 × 10 −2 . It was found that dissociative excitation processes can be competitive with the dissociative ionization excitation processes for the multiple‐electron transition states. The present results suggest that the electronic states of N 2 in the 320‐340 Å region consist of both ion states of N 2 + (Langhoff et al., 1981) and neutral states of N 2 , which could be the Rydberg states converging to N 2 ++ (Sambe and Ramaker, 1986).
Sexuality/identity/politics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter provides an overview of the limitations of dualistic thought followed by a specific exploration of the constructions of natural/social and personal/political in terms of sexuality. It explores the criticisms of identity politics, drawing on a case study of Pride Scotland. The social organisation of sexuality is a political phenomenon that must be addressed in anarchism. Anarchism should move beyond the social division of 'sexual orientation' upon which lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) politics depends. LGBT identity politics helps to maintain the illusion that heterosexuality is monolithic and unproblematic while LGBT identities are problematic and therefore political. The chapter suggests we should understand anarchism as a theory and practice that promotes the development of non-hierarchical social organisation. It concludes with a call for an anarchist, issue-based politics of sexuality.
P5K-5 Performance Estimation of Ultra-Miniature One Dimensional Array Ultrasound Probe with Hydrothermally Synthesized PZT Polycrystalline Film Transducers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

One-dimensional array ultrasound probe was fabricated with 8 hydrothermally synthesized lead zirconate titanate (PZT) poly-crystalline film transducer elements with element width of about 40 mum, element length of 4 mm and element pitch of 75 mum by deposition of PZT poly-crystalline films on the titanium (Ti) electrode array on the hydroxyapatite (HAp) substrate. Although this ultrasound probe has no acoustic matching layer, it was found that it could receive ultrasound pulse with wide frequency band and short duration time. Furthermore, this 1 D array probe showed element factor of +/- 68 degree in scanning direction and element factor of about +/- 3 degree in slice direction and group factor of about +/- 6 degree in scanning direction, This probe has very wide element factor in scanning direction. However, it could be confirmed that the sensitive area in the receiving sensitivity can be concentrated within the narrow angel range of +/- 6 degree in desired front direction when ultrasound pulse wave was received with all 8 transducer elements in the test fabricated 1D array probe.
THE CYCLICALITY OF AUTOMATIC AND DISCRETIONARY FISCAL POLICY: WHAT CAN REAL-TIME DATA TELL US?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper develops a new methodology for estimating both the automatic and discretionary components of fiscal policy in one reaction function using the differences between real-time and ex post data. Discretionary policy should respond to information available to the policy maker at the time (real-time data), whereas automatic fiscal policy should respond to the true state of the economy at the time (proxied by the final data). We find that the intended discretionary response of fiscal policy to the cycle is counter-cyclical. Our estimates suggest that the automatic stabilizers are at the lower end of the range found in the related literature. This new methodology reduces the risk present in the conventional CAB approach that part of the discretionary actions may be wrongly attributed to automatic stabilizers. In that sense, automatic stabilizers are typically not as strong as usually claimed. This could be of particular use in countries where insufficient data exist to estimate structural budget sensitivities directly.
Multiplexed Graphene Quantum Dots with Excitation-Wavelength-Independent Photoluminescence, as Two-Photon Probes, and in Ultraviolet–Near Infrared Bioimaging

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In this study, sorted nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots were prepared and subsequently conjugated with polymers. The synthesized materials exhibited excitation-wavelength-independent photoluminescence emissions ranging from ultraviolet to near-infrared and were 0.9-8.4 nm in size. The materials also exhibited high-photoluminescence quantum yields and excellent two-photon properties. Therefore, in two-photon bioimaging the materials with different emission spectra can be effective two-photon contrast agents. Specific antibodies were used to label organelles in cancer cells and identify nuclear antigens, thereby enabling the simultaneous detection of four targets in cells at a single two-photon excitation wavelength. The sorted nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot materials were determined to be considerably more advantageous than organic dyes in identifying multiplexed targets, and they can be effective probes in cellular imaging.
Poetry by Cancer Caregivers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ali Khojasteh, FACP, FRS-MED. Ali Khojasteh, FACP, FRS-MEDSubmissions are welcome from oncologists, oncology nurses, and other cancer caregivers. E-mail only, please, to: [email protected], and include affiliation/title, address, and phone number, along with a photo, if available. Healing Hope on the Day of Remission: A Warrior's Memoir On the bank of a graceful river, so-called “life,” In the mist of a quiet, peaceful “night,” When stars were curiously staring down on Earth, winking bright, With instantly fading light I was dreaming of the Angels, Heaven and never-coming-tomorrow in sight While escorting by a dancing, shining full moon, The rhythmic melodic breeze was murmuring a love story of a long romantic night Fearless of ending soon, By forthcoming morning and noon It was coming from a far distance to touch tenderly the face of floating river and meadows around me. Before losing myself completely in romance of life, I did see, suddenly, that soft moving, musical breeze came to a halt! By the harsh reality of a storm, mounting untimely assault! The sparkling stars, chasing glorious moon, were hurriedly escaping from the sky. All happened abruptly in front of my terrified eye While the last shooting star was hiding in very dark horizon, The rumbling scream of thunders broke the silence To remind me that the “romance” was now shackled harshly in prison Then constellation of stars of “CANCER” appeared on horizon The weeping sky, hinted me either, sorrow from my fate committing a treason, Or sobbing by the tearful Angels, in faraway Heaven, was the reason Horrified by the fear of darkness, and thunders I looked for safe shelters Probably in a warm nest under the wing of Angels To reach the shiny circle of light around “Her,” I over-stretched my trembling body to reach there At last, I was there where the “Hope” lives to persist Where the savagery of my nightmare ceases to exist! She shook me gently to open my eye Confused by the dream, after a sigh I saw the smiling face of my doctor, “a saint with a mission” Telling me the news that I am in “remission” For a moment I closed my eyes I saw “doctor's” hand was painting on the face of sky, Again with shiny moon and stars Down on the Earth, gentle flow of rivers passing over their beds with gravelly scars And breezes over the meadows with a musical sound Resumed their journey freely toward the Heaven and beyond. ALI KHOJASTEH, FACP, FRS-MED, is President of Columbia Comprehensive Cancer Care Clinic and Research Institute and a practicing hematologist-medical oncologist in central Missouri, and the former Chairman of the Department of Medicine and Physician-in-Chief of Ellis Fischel Cancer Center in Columbia, MO.
Targeted gene expression in transgenic Xenopus using the binary Gal4-UAS system

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The transgenic technique in Xenopus allows one to misexpress genes in a temporally and spatially controlled manner. However, this system suffers from two experimental limitations. First, the restriction enzyme-mediated integration procedure relies on chromosomal damage, resulting in a percentage of embryos failing to develop normally. Second, every transgenic embryo has unique sites of integration and unique transgene copy number, resulting in variable transgene expression levels and variable phenotypes. For these reasons, we have adapted the Gal4-UAS method for targeted gene expression to Xenopus . This technique relies on the generation of transgenic lines that carry “activator” or “effector” constructs. Activator lines express the yeast transcription factor, Gal4, under the control of a desired promoter, whereas effector lines contain DNA-binding motifs for Gal4-(UAS) linked to the gene of interest. We show that on intercrossing of these lines, the effector gene is transcribed in the temporal and spatial manner of the activator's promoter. Furthermore, we use the Gal4-UAS system to misexpress Xvent-2, a transcriptional target of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) signaling during early embryogenesis. Embryos inheriting both the Gal4 activator and Xvent-2 effector transgenes display a consistent microcephalic phenotype. Finally, we exploit this system to characterize the neural and mesodermal defects obtained from early misexpression of Xvent-2. These results emphasize the potential of this system for the controlled analyses of gene function in Xenopus .
Impaired brain functional connectivity and complexity in mild cognitive decline

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is often considered a precursor to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Then, a better understanding of MCI neural correlates may inform more effective therapeutic interventions before irreversible changes occur in the brain, potentially delaying the onset of AD. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) has proven to be a powerful tool for investigating brain functional connectivity (FC) in MCI patients; however, integrating such analysis with graph theory and brain complexity (entropy) remains an underexplored yet promising avenue for understanding MCI-related changes. Therefore, we aimed to identify patterns of neural dysfunction and changes in brain complexity that may help differentiate mild cognitive decline from normal aging. We included 44 patients with an MCI diagnosis (75 ± 8 years; 26 men and 18 women) and 40 controls (77 ± 7 years; 26 men and 14 women). Conventional rs-FC served as a well-established foundation for further analyses. Graph theory was applied since it has gained prominence to investigate the structure of brain networks and identify patients with dementia. Sample entropy was measured to assess the complex and dynamic functioning of the brain. Reduced functional connectivity, cost, degree, entropy, and increased average path length were observed in MCI patients compared to controls. Alterations converged to temporal and frontal areas, insula, thalamus, and hippocampus and were involved in language processing, spatial attention and perception, and memory. Functional connectivity alterations seemed to precede topological changes expected for AD patients. Moreover, altered entropy suggested an initial brain disability to maintain efficient network integration in a memory-related region. Therefore, our findings emphasize the importance of integrating functional connectivity analysis, graph theory, and entropy to understand brain changes in MCI better. These complementary approaches offer a more comprehensive view of the neural dysfunctions associated with cognitive decline, providing a promising foundation for identifying biomarkers that could predict progression to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease.
Formulation and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Ritonavir Floating Tablets in the Management of AIDS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In the current study, gastro-retentive tablets of Ritonavir was developed to increase its oral bioavailability using hydrophilic polymers HPMC K 4M, K 15M, and K 100M as release retarding agents. Polyox WSR 303 was chosen as resin, sodium bicarbonate was used as effervescent agents. The tablets were prepared by direct compression method and FTIR studies revealed that there is no interaction between the drug and polymers used for the formulation. Among all the formulations F21 containing HPMC K 100M, Crospovidone, Polyox WSR 303 and sodium bicarbonate, as gas generating agent was choosen as optimized formulation based on the evaluation parameters, floating lag time (33 sec) and total floating time (>24 h) and in vitro dissolution studies. From in vitro dissolution studies, the optimized formulation F21 and marketed product was shown 98.67% and 95.09 ± 5.01% of drug release respectively. From in vivo bioavailability studies, after oral administration of floating tablet containing 100 mg Ritonavir, the Cmax, Tmax, and AUC0–∞ of optimized gastroretentive formulation were found to be 30.11 ± 1.16μg/mL, 8.00±1.23 h and 173 ± 26.34μg*h/ml, respectively. Cmax and AUC values of optimized formulation were found to be significantly higher than of marketed product, where longer gastric residence time is an important condition for prolonged or controlled drug release and also for improved bioavailability.
Effects of men's lifetime adverse events experience on violence, HIV risk, and wellbeing: insights from three countries

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To assess men's experiences of adverse events in both child and adulthood and their effects on violence, HIV risk, and well being in three sub-Saharan countries. Design: We conducted cross-sectional surveys from 2017 to 2018 with men (all 18+) recruited via the PLACE methodology at community hotspots and HIV service sites in Eswatini ( n = 1091), South Africa ( n = 932), and Malawi ( n = 611). Methods: Prevalence of men's adverse events in childhood (e.g. beaten at home often) and adulthood (e.g. robbed at gunpoint) was described. We examined associations between cumulative effects of these events on health outcomes, via log binomial regression. Results: About 70% of men in each country experienced adverse events in childhood, while adult experience varied from 47 to 64%. There was a dose–response effect of cumulative exposure. Among men with 0, 1–2, and 3+ traumas, for example, 22, 35, and 52% reported depression/anxiety in Malawi, and 8, 17, and 27% perpetrated intimate partner violence (IPV) in South Africa. In multivariate analyses, experiencing at least one event in both childhood and adulthood (vs. neither) was significantly associated with various health outcomes (e.g. multiple sexual partnerships: adjusted risk ratio or aRR = 2.40 in Malawi; IPV perpetration: aRR = 3.59 in South Africa; depression/anxiety: aRR = 1.37 in Eswatini). Conclusion: Men who experienced adverse events in childhood or adulthood faced increased HIV risk/negative health outcomes. More events were associated with worse outcomes. Interventions for men addressing trauma in both childhood and adulthood are essential for their (and their partners’) health and well being.