jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Quantitative assessment of successive carbohydrate additions to the clusteredO-glycosylation sites of IgA1 by glycosyltransferases

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Mucin-type O-glycosylation occurs on many proteins that transit the Golgi apparatus. These glycans impact structure and function of many proteins and have important roles in cellular biosynthetic processes, signaling and differentiation. Although recent technological advances have enhanced our ability to profile glycosylation of glycoproteins, limitations in the understanding of the biosynthesis of these glycan structures remain. Some of these limitations stem from the difficulty to track the biosynthetic process of mucin-type O-glycosylation, especially when glycans occur in dense clusters in repeat regions of proteins, such as the mucins or immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1). Here, we describe a series of nano-liquid chromatography (LC)–mass spectrometry (MS) analyses that demonstrate the range of glycosyltransferase enzymatic activities involved in the biosynthesis of clustered O-glycans on IgA1. By utilizing nano-LC–MS relative quantitation of in vitro reaction products, our results provide unique insights into the biosynthesis of clustered IgA1 O-glycans. We have developed a workflow to determine glycoform-specific apparent rates of a human UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltrasnfersase (GalNAc-T EC 2.4.1.41) and demonstrated how pre-existing glycans affect subsequent activity of glycosyltransferases, such as core 1 galactosyltransferase and α2,3- and α2,6-specific sialyltransferases, in successive additions in the biosynthesis of clustered O-glycans. In the context of IgA1, these results have potential to provide insight into the molecular mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy, an autoimmune renal disease involving aberrant IgA1 O-glycosylation. In a broader sense, these methods and workflows are applicable to the studies of the concerted and competing functions of other glycosyltransferases that initiate and extend mucin-type core 1 clustered O-glycosylation.
ONE-SIDED TOLERANCE LIMIT TABLES

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : The tables list K factors used to compute one-sided tolerance limits which can be represented by x bar + Ks or x bar - Ks (upper or lower limits, respectively). Tables are presented with entry by sample size, proportion of population covered, and confidence coefficient. The tables list K factors for n = 3 (1) 50 (5) 100 (10) 200, 250, 300 (100) 1000, 9999, and 50000; for proportion of population covered of .50 (.01) .99, .995, .999; and for confidence coefficients of .90, .95, and .99. Examples of the use of the tables are also included.
Adapting Similarity Measures to Agent Types in Opponent Modelling

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a case-based reasoning approach for opponent modelling in multi-agent systems that exploits the advantages of lazy learning: The same observations are used for different classification goals such as action prediction of various agent types. While the observations remain the same, it is the similarity measure that is adapted to the type or role of the agents. Adaptation is done by integrating incomplete problem solving knowledge into the similarity measure automatically.
Long-Term Results of Open Cavity and Tympanomastoid Surgery of the Chronic Ear

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The results of surgery for chronic middle ear infection in 307 patients (347 ears) are reported. All ears were operated on according to one of two procedures: (i) the operative cavity was left open after removal of the posterior canal wall, or (ii) a tympanomastoidectomy with intact canal wall was done. When necessary, removal of disease in the tympanum with or without reconstruction of the sound-conducting mechanism of the middle ear was performed. Cholesteatoma was present in 56% of the ears. Open cavity surgery with no reconstruction was done in 53%. In the remaining 47%, tympanomastoidectomy was performed and in approx. half of these ears reconstruction was undertaken. The postoperative follow-up period averaged 9 years. Residual cholesteatoma was found in 9%. In 4% of the ears undergoing tympanomastoidectomy a retraction pocket cholesteatoma developed. During the follow-up period 13% of the ears required revision surgery. Nineteen per cent of the ear with open cavities were discharging and, in addition, crusts were observed in 13%. In the tympanomastoidectomy group, discharing ears were seen in 26%. As a rule, hearing was not affected by surgery. The mean elevation of the pure tone threshold was 6.5 dB on account of sensorineural loss, while the speech reception threshold shift was 11 dB. The results testify to the importance of removing the posterior canal wall in ears with chronic middle ear infection associated with cholesteatoma.
End-Fire Silicon Optical Phased Array with Half-Wavelength Spacing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We demonstrate a one-dimensional optical phased array on an integrated silicon platform for operation at 1.55 microns. Light is emitted end-fire from the chip edge where the waveguides are terminated. The innovative design and high confinement afforded by the silicon waveguides enables lambda/2 spacing (775-nm pitch) at the output. Steering is achieved by inducing a phase shift between the waveguides via integrated thermo-optic heaters. The device forms a beam with a FWHM angular width of 17 degrees, and we demonstrate beam steering over a 64 degrees range.
Bioinformatics Analysis on Coding Regions of RPSA Gene among 14 Species

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The genetic diversity of coding regions of RPSA gene among 14 species including Ailuropoda melanoleuca,Bos taurus,Canis familiaris,Equus caballus,Gallus gallus,Homo sapiens,Macaca radiata,Mus musculus,Oryctolagus cuniculus,Ovis aries,Pan troglodytes,Pongo abelii,Rattus norregicus and Sus scrofa was analyzed using the method of bioinformatics.The sequence of amino acids coded by the gene,protein secondary structure and structural function domain were also forecasted and analyzed.The results showed that a total of 338 polymorphic sites were detected from 84 sequences of the 14 species,from which 42 hapolotypes were sorted;And the genetic diversity of the CDS of RPSA gene was high within and among species.Isoelectric of all the RPSA proteins was below 6,and was acidic.The main motifs of presumed secondary structure of RPSA were al-pha helix and random coil.And a conservative structure domain was detected.
Polyoma middle T antigen requires cooperation from another gene to express the malignant phenotype in vivo.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The oncogenic potential of polyomavirus in newborn hamsters can be expressed by a recombinant encoding only the middle T protein. However, polyoma middle T requires the cooperation from small T to induce tumors in newborn rats. Similar complementary functions such as cocarcinogens or tumor promotors can be exerted by the simian virus 40 T antigens as well as by one or several products of the early region 1A of adenovirus 2.
Grain Dispersal Mechanism In Cereals Arose From a Genome Duplication Followed By Changes in Spatial Expression of Genes Involved In Pollen Development

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract

One of the most critical events in the process of cereal domestication was the loss of the natural mode of grain dispersal. Grain dispersal in barley is controlled by two major genes, Btr1 and Btr2, which affect the thickness of cell walls around the disarticulation zone. The barley genome also encodes Btr1-like and Btr2-like genes, which have been shown to be the ancestral copies. While Btr and Btr-like genes are non-redundant, the biological function of Btr-like genes is unknown. We explored the potential biological role of the Btr-like genes by surveying their expression profile across 212 publicly available transcriptome datasets representing diverse organs, developmental stages and stress conditions. We found that Btr1-like and Btr2-like are expressed exclusively in immature anther samples throughout Prophase I of meiosis within the meiocyte. The similar and restricted expression profile of these two genes suggests they are involved in a common biological function. Further analysis revealed 141 genes co-expressed with Btr1-like and 122 genes co-expressed with Btr2-like, with 105 genes in common, supporting Btr-like genes involvement in a shared molecular pathway. We hypothesize that the Btr-like genes play a crucial role in pollen development by facilitating the formation of the callose wall around the meiocyte or in the secretion of callase by the tapetum. Our data suggest that Btr genes retained an ancestral function in cell wall modification and gained a new role in grain dispersal due to changes in their spatial expression becoming spike specific after gene-duplication.
Immunoglobulin A Defines Secretions from Salivary Tissue in Post–Sistrunk Procedure Drainage

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives This was a pilot study to establish a protein difference between thyroglossal duct cyst fluid relative to oral saliva, in order to differentiate patients with residual thyroglossal cyst from those with salivary fistula in the case of post–Sistrunk procedure incisional drainage. Past immunohistochemistry studies on archived tissue blocks from post–Sistrunk procedure patients have shown MUC5AC to have elevated concentrations in thyroglossal duct relative to salivary tissue; secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) was also chosen as a candidate protein based on previously published reports of its increased concentration in saliva relative to respiratory secretions. Design Diagnostic tests were assessed. Thyroglossal duct cyst fluid and oral saliva were obtained from 12 patients. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was then performed on the samples to identify the presence of MUC5AC and IgA. Setting Tertiary care hospital. Subjects Patient fluid samples were taken immediately postoperatively for patients undergoing Sistrunk procedure at one institution. Presence of thyroglossal duct cyst was confirmed in all cases by pathology. Results Seven of 12 thyroglossal duct cyst fluid samples were shown to have elevated absorbance with ELISA for MUC5AC. In experiments for IgA, 10 of the 12 saliva samples had elevated absorbance compared with thyroglossal duct fluid samples obtained from the same patient. Conclusions IgA is an accurate identifier of saliva compared with thyroglossal duct fluid in secreted samples obtained from the same patient.
Toward the implementation of hybrid position/force control in industrial robots

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With the goal of filling the gap between theory and industrial applications, an implicit hybrid control scheme is proposed in this paper, designed to fit as much as possible the conventional industrial robot control architecture. The dynamic effects due to joint compliance, which are a major source of performance degradation in industrial robots, are fully taken into account. The scheme is based on a task description particularly suited for a direct integration in conventional robot programming tools and aims at exerting the force control action without affecting the trajectory tracking. Only the differential kinematic model (Jacobian) of the robot is needed in the design of the force control law, while the force control loop is charged with rejecting dynamic disturbances due to motion. A thorough experimental validation of the strategy, both in terms of force regulation and trajectory tracking capabilities, is discussed, based on experiments performed on an industrial robot, endowed with a six-axis wrist force/torque sensor and with a laser distance sensor.
Effect of coupling agent 2,3,4,5‐tetrafluorobenzoic acid modification on dielectric energy storage properties of PVDF/PMMA‐BaTiO3 nanocomposite films

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this paper, the carboxylic acid modifier 2,3,4,5‐tetrafluorobenzoic acid (F4C) was used to modify the BaTiO 3 (BT) nanoparticles, which acted as a coupling agent. The modified BT(F4CBT) nanoparticles, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) were used to make the modified nanocomposite films: PVDF/PMMA‐F4C‐BaTiO 3 nanocomposite films. The unmodified BT nanoparticles were used to make the unmodified nanocomposite films: PVDF/PMMA‐BaTiO 3 nanocomposite films. The modification effect of the F4C resulted in an increase in the amount of β‐phase and γ‐phase, a decrease in the amount of α‐phase, and a decrease in the overall crystallinity of the PVDF‐based nanocomposite films. The dielectric constant of the PVDF/PMMA‐F4C‐BaTiO 3 nanocomposite films reached a maximum value of 16.7 at a frequency of 100 Hz at 4 wt% F4C, which was 40.3% higher than that of the unmodified PVDF/PMMA‐BaTiO 3 films. The F4C content of 2 wt% PVDF/PMMA‐F4C‐BaTiO 3 nanocomposite films showed the lowest dielectric loss of 0.055, which was 56.7% lower than the unmodified PVDF/PMMA‐BaTiO 3 films. The breakdown strength of the PVDF/PMMA‐F4C‐BaTiO 3 nanocomposite films increased and then decreased with the increase of the F4C content, and the highest breakdown strength was 2800 kV/cm at 4 wt% F4C, which was 55.6% higher than the unmodified PVDF/PMMA‐BaTiO 3 films. The charging density of the PVDF/PMMA‐F4C‐BaTiO 3 nanocomposite films reached a maximum value of 20.65 J/cm 3 at 4 wt% F4C content, which was 394% higher than the unmodified PVDF/PMMA‐BaTiO 3 films. Highlights Modification of ceramic nanoparticles with carboxylic acid coupling agent. The dielectric properties of the modified nanocomposite film were significantly improved. Maximum polarization and charge/discharge density were greatly improved by coupling agent modification.
Protestants, Peace and the Apocalypse: The USSR’s Religious Cold War, 1947–62

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In recent years historians have paid growing attention to the religious dimensions of the Cold War. These studies have largely focused, however, on the capitalist world, particularly the rise of evangelicalism and fundamentalism in the USA. This article turns the spotlight on the communist adversary, asking whether the USSR also participated in a ‘religious Cold War'. Given the atheist convictions on which the Soviet state was founded, this might appear counter-intuitive, but religious dynamics were of growing importance in the USSR too. Soviet officials sought to create what was called an ‘ecumenical movement', inviting religious actors to become advocates for the Soviet peace message. Protestants, in particular, were important figures on the international stage because of the large communities of co-believers in the West. At the same time, however, the authorities were alarmed about various grass-roots phenomena at home which seemed to be on the rise as the Cold War escalated, such as pacifism and apocalyptic prediction. Faced with such threats, state tactics included the arrest of believers and hostile press campaigns. Even though the inconsistencies were readily visible to all, this dualistic approach was not abandoned and the ultimately self-defeating engagement with the ‘religious Cold War' continued.
Contentment-analysis of work environment in ways of safety at agricultural companies leaders and workers in Hajdú-Bihar county

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper the author has collected together his examinations about work place envi-ronmental and psychosocial contentment in the circle of farm-leaders and labourers. The direct aim of his examinations was to survey the occupational safety and health (OSH) related contentment in the circle of agricultural enterprises of Hajdú-Bihar County. The used data collection methods were questionnaires and guided interviews. In the question-naire there is a seven-grade Likert-type scale (Malhotra 2005), to evaluate the questioned factors. The result of the examinations shows the similarity and the differences among the two groups regarding to their OSH complacency.
Improved throughput traction microscopy reveals pivotal role for matrix stiffness in fibroblast contractility and TGF-β responsiveness

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lung fibroblast functions such as matrix remodeling and activation of latent transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) are associated with expression of the myofibroblast phenotype and are directly linked to fibroblast capacity to generate force and deform the extracellular matrix. However, the study of fibroblast force-generating capacities through methods such as traction force microscopy is hindered by low throughput and time-consuming procedures. In this study, we improved at the detail level methods for higher-throughput traction measurements on polyacrylamide hydrogels using gel-surface-bound fluorescent beads to permit autofocusing and automated displacement mapping, and transduction of fibroblasts with a fluorescent label to streamline cell boundary identification. Together these advances substantially improve the throughput of traction microscopy and allow us to efficiently compute the forces exerted by lung fibroblasts on substrates spanning the stiffness range present in normal and fibrotic lung tissue. Our results reveal that lung fibroblasts dramatically alter the forces they transmit to the extracellular matrix as its stiffness changes, with very low forces generated on matrices as compliant as normal lung tissue. Moreover, exogenous TGF-β1 selectively accentuates tractions on stiff matrices, mimicking fibrotic lung, but not on physiological stiffness matrices, despite equivalent changes in Smad2/3 activation. Taken together, these results demonstrate a pivotal role for matrix mechanical properties in regulating baseline and TGF-β1-stimulated contraction of lung fibroblasts and suggest that stiff fibrotic lung tissue may promote myofibroblast activation through contractility-driven events, whereas normal lung tissue compliance may protect against such feedback amplification of fibroblast activation.
Immunization Outreach in an Inner-City Housing Development: Reminder–Recall on Foot

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective. To determine rates of immunization coverage among children 3 to 72 months of age in a large public housing development, to develop a community-based outreach program to increase coverage, and to evaluate the effect of the program. Design. A door-to-door canvass of the development by specially trained emergency medical technicians to enroll families, to determine immunization status from written records, and to follow-up to encourage immunizations and well-child care. The program was evaluated, comparing rates of immunization by age with an expectation based on the immunization histories before enrollment. Setting. A Chicago public housing development, October 1993 through December 1996. Outcome Variables. Antigen-specific and series-specific coverage based on written records. Results. Of the caregivers, 92% were able to identify a primary care provider. At the time of enrollment, 37% of 1075 children were up-to-date, but that proportion varied by age with 27% of children 19 to 35 months of age being up-to-date. The program increased rates of immunization compared with the expectation from the preenrollment rates. At their final assessment, 50% of the children were up-to-date. For individual vaccines, there was a positive program effect. For example, before enrollment, 22% of children 15 months of age had received measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine. However, 39% of children who were enrolled in the program before they were 12 months of age had received their first immunizations by 15 months of age. Conclusions. Children in the housing development had very low rates of immunization before enrollment. An in-person intervention was effective in reaching families and determining immunization status. In the 3-year enrollment and observation period, rates of immunization increased.
Utility and limitation of universal PCR screening for SARS-CoV-2 on hospital admission

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Three files include the statistical data and graph made by graph pad prism.
Figure 1 describes the correlation of two PCR targets in COBAS SARS-CoV-2 PCR. The Ct values of target 1 (ORF1ab gene) and target 2 (E gene) from 111 PCR tests are plotted on the graph. Ct value of target 1 and target 2 were plotted on the graph to show the correlation of two targets. Negative PCR result was shown as 40. Red solid line shows the linear regression of 111 PCR results with the equation of regression line and R-square value.6 PCR tests showed negative result in target 1, but showed positive result in target 2. 14 PCR tests showed positive result in target 1, but showed negative result in target 2.
Figure 2 describes the transition of the number of PCR screening tests and positive results during the study period.The black line (a) shows the number of monthly PCR screening tests upon admission to our department. The red line shows the number of positive PCR results. For comparing our PCR positive results and local COVID-19 spread, the monthly COVID-19 cases from public data base was shown in (b). The monthly patients number in Fukuoka prefecture (approximately 5 million population) was calculated by the daily cases available at “https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/covid-19/open-data.html”
Figure 3 describes the PCR positivity after COVID-19 onset.All Ct value of target 1 from 66 cases with known COVID-19 onset date were grouped according to the date after COVID-19 onset and plotted on the graph (a). Negative PCR result was shown as Ct value of 40. Each red dot shows the individual test results with the mean and 95% CI in the groups. Based on the tests results shown in (a), PCR positivity was calculated in (b). There was no PCR test conducted at 91 - 100 days after COVID-19 onset.
Effect of M11C (Non-lectin Components) Obtained from Korean Mistletoe on the $IL-1\beta$ Secretion from Mouse Splenocytes

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Korean mistletoe (Viscum album L) extract has been found to posses immunoregulating activity. In this study, Korean mistletoe extract, M11C (non-lectin components), was used to know whether this extract activates splenocytes to secret interleukin . The splenocytes were treated with M11C, and then collected the supernatant and cell lysate that were prepared to analyze the level of , using ELISA, immunoblotting, and RT-PCR. Maximum effective dose and time of M11C on secretion from splenocytes were and 8 hours, respectively. Treatment dose and time for the maximum expression of mRNA were and 4 hours, respectively. Saccharide degradation enzyme Viscozyme L completely blocked the effect of M11C on secretion from splenocytes. As the result, among non-lectin components saccharide could be regarded as a main component for expression from splenocytes.