jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of Cytokinins and Antioxidants on the Susceptibility of Membranes to Ozone Damage

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Treatment of microsomal membranes isolated from bean cotyledons with ozone induces a lateral phase separation of lipids into discrete liquid-crystalline and gel phase domains. This effect is accompanied by production of malondialdehyde and extensive dismantling of the membranes. All of these deleterious effects of ozone were attenuated by the addition of cytokinins (benzyladenine or zeatin) or antioxidants (sodium benzoate or propyl gallate) to the reaction mixture. The results support previous proposals that the toxic effects of ozone are mediated by the products of its breakdown in water, and that cytokinins may act as radical scavengers to protect plant tissue against the effects of ozone or senescence.
Circulating and/or cutaneous irisin resistance: A novel link among androgenetic alopecia, comorbid metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risks

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common cause of hair loss in both genders that may be associated with disturbed systemic metabolism. Irisin is a hormone‐like myokine that greatly influences systemic metabolism and is linked to cardiovascular diseases. Aim To detect irisin role in AGA and its associated metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular risk. Patients/Methods This case–control study included 44 AGA patients of both genders and 22 healthy individuals. Serum irisin level was measured using ELISA and scalp biopsy was taken to detect irisin immunohistochemically. Carotid Doppler ultrasonography was performed to measure carotid intima media thickness (CIMT). Results Higher serum irisin was significantly detected in AGA patients ( p ˂ 0.001), and in males ( p = 0.01) particularly severe cases ( p ˂ 0.001). It was significantly higher in AGA patients presenting with MetS and those suffering from dyslipidemia ( p ˂ 0.001 for both). Multivariate regression analysis proved BMI ( p = 0.01) and serum irisin ( p = 0.02) as independent predictors of CIMT abnormality among AGA patients. Regarding cutaneous irisin expression, the epidermal H‐score was significantly higher in AGA patients with MetS compared to those without ( p = 0.04). Epidermal H‐score ˃100 was significantly associated with male gender ( p = 0.05), severe AGA ( p = 0.02), MetS ( p = 0.03), dyslipidemia ( p = 0.03), and abnormal CIMT ( p = 0.03). Conclusion High serum irisin and upregulated epidermal irisin expression are associated with the incidence of MetS, dyslipidemia, and CIMT abnormality among AGA patients. This may indicate resistance to irisin, which hinders its favorable cardiometabolic actions. Further studies are warranted to investigate the concept of irisin resistance in AGA patients, which was uniquely discussed in the present study.
Survey of Interpretations of Consumer Behavior by Social Scientists in the Postwar Period

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This survey article attempts to integrate major theoretical and empirical developments in the social science disciplines pertinent to analysis of consumer behavior at both the micro and macro levels. Four themes are identified in such developments in the postwar periods: differentiation among people and products, recognition and analysis of the effects of interpersonal relationships, consideration of the dynamics of behavior of individuals and of large population groups, and appraisal of phases in processes and interrelationships among processes within dimensions of the structure of consumption. A multidisciplinary statement coordinates the various aspects of consumer behavior. The article concludes with a list of the criteria for conceptual frameworks needed for economic analysis of the relationships of behavioral and economic phenomena to the processes and structure of consumption.
Differential expression of mitochondrial ribosomal protein L13 in triple negative breast cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Women diagnosed with triple negative breast cancer can benefit neither from endocrine therapy nor from HER2-targeted therapies (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding mitochondrial ribosomal protein L13, MRPL13, when comparing the tumor cells of patients with triple negative breast cancer to normal mammary ductal cells (2). MRPL13 was also differentially expressed in bulk tumor in human breast cancer (3). MRPL13 mRNA was present at significantly increased quantities in TNBC tumor cells relative to normal mammary ductal cells. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of MRPL13 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with recurrence-free survival in patients with basal-like, luminal A, luminal B and HER2+ type cancer, while within triple negative breast cancer, primary tumor expression of MRPL13 was correlated with recurrence-free survival in patients with basal-like 1 subtype disease. MRPL13 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of triple negative breast cancers.
Cellular distribution ofbeta-trace protein inCNS andbrain tumours

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY Beta-trace protein constitutes about 700 ofthetotal CSF protein content, whereas the serumconcentrationis onlyone-seventhofthatinCSF.The highest amounts of beta-trace protein arefound within white CNSmatter; but also greyCNSmatter and some genital organs, especially epididymis, contain rather high amounts oftheprotein.Inthepresentinvestigation, beta-trace proteinwasfoundin a concentration three times higherin fractions enriched in humanglial cells thaninfractions enriched in neuronalcells. Bymeansofimmunofluorescence onnormalsquirrel monkeybrain, specific fluorescence was seeninglial cells, particularly in those resembling astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. In pathological human braintissue consisting ofdifferent braintumours,beta-trace protein was found in significantly higher concentrations in tumours derived from glial cells than in tumours of other origin-forexample, meningiomas and metastatic tumours.These findings are not reflected in CSF.The present investigations of normal humanand monkey
A direct numerical method for solving inverse heat source problems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Inverse source problems is a classical ill-posed problem. There exist several literatures on inverse heat source problems. In this study we use some stable methods to deal with the inverse problems of determining space-wise and time-wise dependent heat source in the heat diffusion equation. The problems of inverse heat source sources are transferred to the problems of numerical differentiation. By simple and effective methods which are used to regularize the problems of numerical differentiation before, we can obtain stable solutions. The numerical results show that our proposed procedure yields stable and accurate approximation.
Some Properties of Fixed Rabies Virus

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY The Pasteur strain of fixed rabies virus was inactivated by most common organic solvents, but survived a single treatment with trifluorotricholoro- ethane. The virus was stable at pH values between 5·0 and 10·0. Inactivation by heat was similar to that of other viruses. The virus was destroyed by trypsin and damaged by phospholipase C but not by ribonuclease; enzyme inhibitors did not preserve the infectivity of mouse-brain suspensions. Viral infectivity was diminished only after repeated freezing and thawing or long exposure to ultrasonic vibration. Equilibrium centrifugation in sucrose solutions gave two peaks of infectivity corresponding to densities of 1·13 g./ cm.3 and 1·19g./cm.3. Chromatographic purification on ECTEOLA-cellulose was unsuccessful. Partially purified virus was readily inactivated by the photodynamic effect of methylene blue. Potent suspensions of virus did not agglutinate red cells of several mammalian and avian species under different conditions of pH and temperature.
Diagnostics of Lithium-Ion Batteries by Electrochemical Impedance Methods

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Possibilities of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for analysis of self-discharge reasons of prismatic lithium-ion batteries (LIB) are considered. It is shown that conclusions about the causes of self-discharge can be drawn from the topology and parameters of the substitution circuits. Presence of additional series links in the circuit and small value of ohmic resistance between the electrodes allows predicting self-discharge by internal bridges which are represented by electrode materials particles flaking off the electrodes and embedding into the separation. The presence of parallel links in the substitution circuit of one or both electrodes, is an indication of their heterogeneous operation due to the small amount of electrolyte or its decomposition.
Community Storytelling Network, Expressive Digital Media Use, and Civic Engagement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Grounded in Communication Infrastructure Theory (CIT), this study tests the moderating roles of expressive digital media use through the Internet, social, and mobile media between community storytelling network and civic engagement. Based on online survey data of U.S. adults in an ethnically homogenous metropolitan area, this study finds that community storytelling network and expressive digital media use significantly predict the level of civic engagement. In particular, expressive digital media use serves as a necessary condition for community storytelling network to further promote online civic participation and collective efficacy among community residents. This study thus advances CIT with an integrated approach to expressive digital media use by testing the extended theoretical framework in a different local community context. Findings offer practical applications and policy implications regarding communication, citizenship, and civic community.
Development of A Career Options Assessment for Intellectual Disability Students in The Extraordinary School of Padang

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The objective of this research is to develop a career choice assessment tool that is useful for students intellectual disability and that is based on the personality type of the career of Holland in students intellectual disability. This research produces an assessment instrument based on the Saifuddin Azwar instrument development procedure. The study involved a intellectual disability teacher in the extraordinary School of Padang who was in class XI and XII. Testing the effectiveness of the product is carried out by conducting a confirmation factor analysis of the test results. The test results of the instrument show that the product test results meet the latent variable. Chi square value is 0.623 and RMSEA value is 0.032. These results indicate that the product has a good of fit. Therefore, it can be concluded that a well-made assessment tool is used to choose a career.
Ruşeym yağının enkapsülasyonu.

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Wheat germ oil is a rich source of omega 3 and omega 6, octacosanol and tocopherol which has vitamin E activity. Due to these properties it is beneficial for health but it is prone to oxidation in free form. The aim of this study was to encapsulate wheat germ oil in micron size and determine the best encapsulation conditions by analysing encapsulation efficiency, particle size distribution and surface morphology of the capsules. The effects of core to coating ratio, coating materials ratio and ultrasonication time on encapsulation of wheat germ oil were investigated. Maltodextrin (MD) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) at different ratios (3:1, 2:2, 1:3) were used as coating materials. Total solid content of all samples was 40% (w/w). Five different core to coating ratios (1:8, 1:4, 2:4, 3:4, 4:4) were experimented. Ultrasound was used at 320 W and 20 kHz frequency for three different times (2, 5, 10 min). Prepared emulsions were frozen and then freeze dried for 48 hours to obtain microcapsules. Encapsulation efficiency analysis, particle size analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were performed. Increasing WPC content in coating led to an increase in encapsulation efficiency. Microcapsules prepared with MD:WPC ratio of 1:3 were found to have higher encapsulation efficiencies (65.62%-89.62%) than the other ratios. Increase in oil load led to decrease in encapsulation efficiency thus 1:8 core to coating ratio gave better results. The best conditions for microcapsules were determined as ultrasonication time 10 min, core to coating ratio of 1:8 and MD:WPC ratio 1:3.
A importância dos conceitos de “paisagem” para o ambientalismo brasileiro

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article intends to contribute to the debate on the importance of the concepts of “landscape” for national environmentalism, especially in the context of socio-environmental collapse we are currently experiencing, marked by the intensification of the negative consequences of climate change. The discussion starts with a characterization and critical analysis of the use of the concepts of “landscape” in three fields: Ecology, Environmental Education, and Law by means of a non-systematic bibliographic review and analysis of secondary data.
the polyketide to fatty acid transition in the evolution of animal lipid metabolism:the animal FAS-like PKSs

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Animals use a distinct fatty acid synthase (FAS) most closely related to the type I polyketide synthase (PKS) enzymes. While FASs synthesize simple lipids, PKSs produce complex specialized metabolites. The evolutionary origin of the animal FAS, and its relationship to the diversity of PKSs, remain surprisingly mysterious despite the critical role of lipid synthesis in cellular metabolism. Previously, an enzyme EcPKS1 from sacoglossan molluscs was described that was closely related to animal FAS enzymes, but instead preformed PKS-like chemistry. A few other related enzymes were apparent in molluscs, mostly in the photosynthetic sacoglossans. Here, we asked whether such enzymes were limited to a small subset of species, and whether they might answer the mystery of the origin of animal lipid biosynthesis. We performed a sequence-based analysis, unexpectedly discovering a huge diversity of widespread EcPKS1-like enzymes that form a grade separating PKS from the animal FAS clade in phylogenetic analyses. PKSs and FASs are widespread among major animal phyla except for sponges and ctenophores, where they are apparently absent. Surprisingly, molluscs and arthropods contain abundant EcPKS1-like enzymes, correlated with their rich polyketide chemistry. Molluscan EcPKS1 relatives are associated with a lack of other defenses, consistent with the hypothesis that AFPKs provide a chemical defense for some lineages. By contrast, shelled molluscs (physically defended) generally contain PKSs instead. Arthropods have few or no PKSs, but their abundant EcPKS1-like enzymes contributed to their ecological and evolutionary success. For example, some of the genes found in the EcPKS1 clade were previously associated with cuticular hydrocarbon and pheromone biosynthesis. Based upon the biochemical, genetic, and phylogenetic features of these enzymes, we propose that they comprise a new family, the animal FAS-like PKSs (AFPKS). Although animal metabolism is well studied, surprising new metabolic enzyme classes such as AFPKs still await discovery and may be unrecognized drivers of hyperdiverse animal radiations including gastropods, beetles and spiders.
A Voortrekker Memorial in Revolutionary Maputo

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

On a side street of downtown Maputo, two blocks from a statue of Samora Machel, is a half-acre memorial to the ill-fated Trichardt party, which in the 1830s arrived at the Bay of Lourenço Marques after a years-long trek, only to be decimated by malaria. The memorial was inaugurated in 1968, one of countless memorials to Voortrekkers to be constructed since the 1930s, in parallel with the rise of Afrikaner nationalism, and the only one to be built outside the borders of South Africa. That the memorial kept its gates open after Mozambique's independence, and continued to be maintained at a time when apartheid South Africa sponsored Renamo and on several occasions attacked Mozambique directly – a time when Maputo was a city virtually under siege and falling into physical ruin – makes the memorial something more than a mere curiosity. This article tells the history of the memorial from its beginnings until today, with a focus on Mozambique's revolutionary era, and is based primarily on the archives of the Pretoria-based Louis Trichardt Association (which built and operated the memorial), and on interviews with members of the association and a former Frelimo minister. The story of the Louis Trichardt Garden of Remembrance after 1975 offers a kind of alternative history to the heated discussion of apartheid-era memorials in post-apartheid South Africa. Primarily, it offers a window on to Mozambique's long history of dependence on South Africa, a relationship that is often discussed in economic terms and with reference to labour migration, but less so for its other distorted consequences for everyday life: how, during the 1980s, for instance, South Africa and Mozambique were at war and at peace at the same time.
(A275) Experimental Crowd Packing Analysis in Mass Gathering

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction Medical assistance for mass gathering can be classified based on the characteristics of mass gathering into primary or emergency health care for individual patient vs. medical assistance for public in case of disastrous mass gathering. It is necessary to prepare primary and emergency health care in case of routine mass gathering, but when an accident or event occurs, different medical approach will be necessary. One of the representative types of accident or event is crowd packing which can make high pressure among mass gathering participants usually from crowd rush or surge. This study was performed for identifying the characteristics of crowd packing in mass gathering. Methods The literature survey was performed on mass gathering and crowd packing. Human model simulation was done as a pilot study and 2-dimensional pedestrian pressure experiment was performed with volunteer students and pressure sensing device by video recording and analysis. Lateral shoulder loading and frontal chest loading were analyzed per load cell and per packed condition. Results As pushing pressure increased, the body was rotated to 90 degree after some threshold pressure point. The maximal and average pressures among volunteers were extracted. Pedestrian injury criteria(PIC) curve was generated. Conclusions When crowd packing occurs, the body will be rotated about 90 degree after some threshold pressure point. And then interpersonal pressure will be increased to crush injury as crowd packing proceed. For defining the interpersonal pressure to mortality and critical injury, further research will be needed reflecting real human physiology and anatomy.
Functional analysis of collapsin response mediator proteins in dendritic development of hippocampal neurons =Kaiba shinkei saibo no jujyo tokki hattatsu ni okeru CRMP no kino kaiseki

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

制度:新 ; 報告番号:甲3578号 ; 学位の種類:博士(理学) ; 授与年月日:2012/3/15 ; 早大学位記番号:新5916
Analysis on Reliability of Wind Barrier on High-speed Railway Bridge under Wind Load

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In order to guarantee the safety of wind barrier structure on the railway bridge and to prevent the overturning of wind barrier in the strong wind impacting on the normal operation of the train, the study on reliability of wind barrier is conducted. Taking the single side 4m wind barrier installed on the Lanzhou-Xinjiang second double-line railway bridge as an example, considering the randomness of natural wind velocity and train speed, based on the probabilistic theory analyze the reliability of the wind barrier structure system under the static wind load and dynamic wind load, and evaluate the wind barrier safety with the reliability index and failure probability of structural system. And parameter sensitivity analysis is performed to find out which factors are more important to the reliability of the wind barrier system. The research results show that the reliability index of the wind barrier system meets the requirements of the design specification, and the failure probability is small; the reliability index of the wind barrier system under the static wind load and dynamic wind load is more sensitive to the wind velocity than the train speed.
Tax audit: Methodology and management considerations

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Subject. This article deals with the issues of the effectiveness of tax audit, which requires a special, focused integrated approach. Objectives. The article aims to develop methodological aspects of tax audit, as well as practical and organizational approaches to its conducting. Methods. For the study, we used analysis and synthesis, modeling, and abstraction. Results. Based on the analysis of the differences and similarities of methodological approaches to tax audit within the framework of internal and external audit, the article proposes a classification of tax audit by category, discloses the methods of tax audit and their classification according to certain criteria. Conclusions. The proposed comprehensive approach to tax audit will help organizations both comply with legal requirements and optimize tax liabilities.
Regulation and function of IL‐22 in peritoneal adhesion formation after abdominal surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Peritoneal adhesion occurs frequently after gastrointestinal/gynecological surgery. Tissue repair and regeneration are very important during this process. IL‐22 is an important cytokine that is secreted from immune cells but functions on mesenchymal cells, such as mesothelial cells. The objective of this study was to investigate the roles of IL‐22 and its regulators during adhesion formation. Postsurgical peritoneal drainage fluid from patients and rodent models was examined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting. It was observed that IL‐22 expression in the abdominal cavity was rapidly induced 12 hours after surgery and then slowly decreased to a lower, steady level for up to 7 days after surgery. However, neutralizing IL‐22 at the time point at which the highest level of expression was observed failed to reduce adhesion, but neutralizing IL‐22 at a later time point, i.e., 3 days after surgery, prevented adhesion significantly. The IL‐22 receptor was induced on the mesothelial membrane, and IL‐22BP, an inhibitor of IL‐22, was reduced 3 days after surgery. Furthermore, IFN‐γ was identified to have the ability to induce IL‐22R, and IL‐18, which was induced by the infiltrating macrophages, was found to inhibit IL‐22BP expression both in vivo and in vitro. Together, these data suggest that IL‐22 may promote adhesion formation and that the regulation of IL‐22, IL‐22R, and IL‐22BP may have therapeutic potential to prevent adhesion formation after surgery without disturbing the normal immune process.