jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The strong law of large numbers when the mean is undefined

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let S, = Xt + ■ ■ ■ +X, where {X,} are i.i.d random variables with £X¡* = oo.An integral test is given for each of the three possible alternatives lim(S"//i) = +oo a.s.; lim(S"//i) = -oo a.s.; lim sup(S"/n) = +oo and lim in!(Sñ/n) = -oo a.s.Some applications are noted.(iii) £{lim sup(S"/«) = +00 and lim inf (£"/«) = -oo} = I.In this paper we shall give a simple necessary and sufficient criterion, in the form of an integral test, for each of OH1")-2.Notation and statement of results.Let X stand for any of the random variables {X¡} and assume P{X = 0} ¥-1.Put F(t)
Fabrication and surface chemistry of nanoscale bioarrays designed for the study of cytoskeletal protein binding interactions and their effect on cell motility

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We have designed a system engineered to mimic biological spatial order. The system consists of nanoscale dots organized into hierarchical arrays in which structural parameters, such as spacing and orientation, are systematically varied. These arrays are used to probe the spatial distributions of binding sites in biomolecules. In this paper, we describe the fabrication process, including lithography and biofunctionalization, and we discuss issues related to surface chemistry that are critical to creating robust, biologically active nanoarrays.
IMMUNOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ANTISTREPTOLYSIN O (ASL) IN STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS I. SERO-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES IN VARIOUS AGE GROUPS

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Understanding of streptococcal infections in man has been hindered by the existence of a wide variety of clinical manifestations, which stem from the complicated nature of the infectious agent, the difference in the reactivity of man according to age or in the past experience of infections, the characteristic infectious process, etc. Sero-epidemiological study will yield worthwhile informations which have not been disclosed by usual bacteriological or clinical investigations. This way of approach is usually accompanied with characteristics and limitations depending upon the sort of antibody to be chosen.Among various antibodies produced during human streptococcal infections, antistreptolysin O (ASL) has been known to be specific and to develop in the majority of cases in a relatively early phase of infection. ASL is, therefore, one of the most suitable indicators for the streptococcal infection, although it is not indicative of the immune status of man (McCarty, 1954; Noguchiet al., 1962; Kusamaet al., 1962a) . One of the authors (Kusama, 1958) described a method for titrating ASL in human sera which is accurate and wellsuited for serial analyses, and motivated the initiation of the present study, which deals with close examinations of the pattern of the antibody distribution in different age groups. The extent of streptococcal prevalence was thus inferred from the percentage of those who had developed the antibody in a given population, and the difference in the capacity of antibody production by age was investigated.
Pesticide residues in soil and foodstuff I. Chlorinated pesticides in cattle feed and milk produced in orchard and non‐orchard areas

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Milk, hay and silage produced in orchard and non‐orchard areas have been analysed for their content of chlorinated pesticides. The residue levels in milk produced in orchard areas were about double those in milk produced in non‐orchard areas. The levels in hay were much higher (30% up to sevenfold) in the hay produced in orchard areas and the levels in silage from the two areas showed small differences. Milk collected after cattle had been grazing in an orchard for 3 to 4 days contained 10% more pp ′‐DDT and 2‐, 3‐, 7‐ and 15‐fold more pp ′‐DDE, pp ′‐TDE and heptachlor epoxide, gamma‐BHC and pp ′‐TDE olefin [1‐chloro‐2,2‐bis( p ‐chlorophenyl)ethylene], respectively, than did the samples collected one day before the cattle grazed in the orchard.
(DP 2013-03) Deviant Behavior: A Century of Philippine Industrialization

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Recent work has documented industrial output growth around the poor periphery from 1870 to the present, finding unconditional convergence on the leaders long before the modern BRICS and even before the Asian Tigers. The Philippines was very much part of that catching up. In the decade or so up to 1913, Philippine industrial output grew at 6.3 percent per annum, way above that achieved by the industrial leaders. Indeed, the Philippines was the third Asian country to enter the 5% industrial growth club: Japan 1899, China 1900, the Philippines 1913, Taiwan 1914, Korea 1921, and India 1929. The Philippines continued its industrial catch up during the interwar years 1920-1938, as it did during the ISI years 1950-1972. While the Philippines conformed to the world-wide unconditional industrial convergence pattern for seven decades, it began to deviate from the pack in the 1980s, leaving the industrial catching up club in 1982, never to re-enter. What were the causes of this regime switch? Was it political instability at a critical time in the 1980s? Was it a subsequent failure to exploit the move of Japanese manufacturing FDI into the region? Was it an institutional weakness benign in the pre-1982 past but made more powerful since? Was it some liberal policy package that penalized manufacturing when it was already on the ropes? Was it a labor emigration surge in the 1980s that stripped the work force of industrial skills? Was it some massive Dutch Disease created by subsequent huge emigrant remittances? Given the initial political shock, all of these negative forces had their influence in the form of a ‘perfect de-industrializing storm’. JEL No. F1, N7, O2
MS4a6D Exacerbates Immunological Pathology in Experimental Viral Fulminant Hepatitis

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The MS4A (membrane-spanning 4-domain family, subfamily A) family of proteins contains some members, including MS4A1, MS4A2 and MS4A3 and so on. Many MS4A family members are expressed on the cell surface of specific leukocyte subsets. And they have key roles in regulating cell activation, growth and development. However, the biological roles of many MS4A proteins is not particularly clear, such as MS4a6D. Here, we found that MS4a6D are expressed on the cell surface of Macrophages and DCs. In MHV3-infected MS4a6D-/- mice, macrophages decreased, in which the pro-inflammatory subsets decreased than their wild-type (WT) littermates. And the deletion of MS4a6D is associated with less severe damage and less viral replication in the liver. In conclusion, our results suggest that MS4a6D signaling can aggravate the immunopathological damage induced by MHV-3 infection in a mouse FH model. Our results suggest that inhibition of MS4a6D signaling pathways by an immunotherapeutic approach might be a useful treatment for FH.Read Complete Article at ijSciences: V82019011916 AND DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18483/ijSci.1916
Teaching for Empowerment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As educators in leisure and recreation studies, we should and can empower students through our teaching. The purpose of this article is to explore ideas and methods that we, as educators, might use to facilitate empowerment of students within the classroom. Specifically, this article discusses assumptions of power and privilege that underlie empowerment. Examples of how educators can disempower are also provided. In addition, biological, psychological, and sociocultural processes of empowerment as related to race, gender, and disability are examined.
MATERNAL PLASMA AND URINARY HORMONE LEVELS DURING AND AFTER A SUCCESSFUL ABDOMINAL PREGNANCY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary In a successful abdominal pregnancy, urinary oestriol levels were about the fifth centile, but other hormone concentrations suggested that placental function was normal until 32 weeks gestation. After that, plasma oestrogen concentrations levelled off and plasma placental lactogen concentrations declined. Pre‐eclampsia developed at 34 weeks and necessitated the delivery at 36 weeks and 2 days of a live normal female infant by laparotomy. The placenta was not removed. All hormone levels fell rapidly during the first weeks of the puerperium and then more slowly during the next six weeks to non‐pregnancy levels. Plasma progesterone, urinary pregnanediol, and plasma oestradiol were the slowest to return to non‐pregnant levels.
Improving the performance of crossbred animals using genomics

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In pig and poultry breeding programs, animals from genetically distinct purebred lines are mated to produce crossbred animals, which provide food products to consumers. The purebred lines usually differ in the traits that they are selected for. Dam lines may be selected for female fertility traits, whereas sire lines may be selected for growth or egg production traits, and feed efficiency. The breeders then benefit from breed complementarity in the crossbreds, meaning that the crossbred animals combine the desirable traits that the purebred lines were selected for. Another benefit of crossbreeding is heterosis, which refers to the better average performance of crossbreds compared to the average performance of their parental lines. The aim of crossbred breeding programs is to improve the performanceof crossbred animals by selecting genetically superior individuals in the purebredlines to become parents of the next generation. When these selection decisions are basedon performance of the purebreds, improvement in crossbred performance follows from acorrelated response. This strategy may be suboptimal because the genetic correlation between purebred and crossbred performance () is usually lower than 1. It may therefore be beneficial to make selection decisions based on information on crossbred performance instead of purebred performance. This used to be a challenging task, because purebred animals cannot be tested directly for crossbred performance. Now, with the developments in genomics, it has become possible to estimate breeding values for crossbred performance for purebred animals, by training the genomic prediction model with crossbred instead of purebred data. The benefit of training on crossbred data partly depends on the value of, which may differ across species, breeds and traits. In this thesis, I studied the genetics of crossbreeding, with a focus on genomic prediction for crossbred performance. One of the aims was to investigate the benefit of using crossbred instead of purebred data for prediction accuracy. I used data from purebred and crossbred broilers, and analysed two traits that had different . The results suggest that when is lower than ~0.8, prediction accuracy can be improved by training the model with crossbred instead of purebred data. Based on the results in my thesis, I conclude that genetic models that best resemble genetic reality do not necessarily result in the best predictions.
THE CONCEPT OF OPEN GOVERNMENT PARTNERSHIP PILOT PROJECT TO IMPROVE PUBLIC WELFARE IN BOJONEGORO REGENCY EAST JAVA PROVINCE

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The terms of the establishment of a country is the people, regions, sovereign governments (constitutive), and recognition from other countries (declarative). Government is the organization that has the power to make and apply the law as well as legislation in certain areas for all of the people who are in the territory of the country. To run the government in the territory of the Republic of Indonesia, then Indonesia adheres to a decentralized system that gives the authority to manage their own regions based on Act No. 23 of 2014 about Local Governance. Implementation of local governance that are the pillars of the Indonesian state has been duly carried out in a transparent manner, which means openness in information is needed. One of the local governments that implement transparency in providing information to the public (community) is Bojonegoro Regency, East Java Province that achievements in the international arena by implementing the Open Government Pilot Project. The program of this movement aims to promote and strengthen the management of the bureaucracy at the district/city that is open, participatory, innovative, and responsive. Forms of transparency that is the main event routine interactive dialogue held on Friday since 2008. In the event, the people freely express their aspirations, criticism, and suggestions. In addition to the pubic Aspiration System Integration (SIAP) has also been implemented since July 2014, and also Bojonegoro Regency have opportunity through information and communication channels via SMS, BBM, Twitter, WhatsApps, radio, social media and other means of communication and information. It aims to secure concrete commitments and governments to promote transparency, empower citizens, fight corruption, and harness new technologies to strengthen governance. It was done only to improve the welfare of society Bojonegoro.Keywords: Government of Bojonegoro, Pilot Project Open Government, Society, Welfare
Seroprevalence and risk factors for brucellosis in small ruminant flocks in Karnataka in the Southern Province of India

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Background and Aim: Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of high economic and public health importance in large and small ruminant populations worldwide. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in small ruminants in organized farms in the southern region of India. Materials and Methods: Farms exclusively rearing sheep and goats were selected based on the number of animals (small, medium, or large) and the location of the farm (urban, periurban, or rural). A total of 1499 serum samples; 1001 from sheeps and 498 from goats were sourced from six sheep and four goat farms and tested using Rose Bengal Plate and indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay tests. Results: The apparent prevalence of brucellosis was higher in sheep (8.29%, 95% CI 6.7-10.1) than goats (5.82%, 95% CI 4.0-8.2). The true adjusted population level seroprevalence was also higher in sheep, at 7.7% (95% CI 6.0-9.6) than in goats, at 5.1% (95% CI 3.2-7.6). According to bivariate categorical analysis, six highly significant (p<0.001) animal- and farm-level risk factors for sheep were age, breed, number of lambings, history of abortion, rural farms, and presence of dogs on the farm. In goats, five significant risk factors were found: History of abortion, separate sheds, dogs on the farm, weekly veterinary consultation, and lack of brucellosis awareness. In a logistic regression model, abortion (OR adjusted 10.8, 95% CI 1.2-96.12), rural farms (OR adjusted 8.5, 95% CI 3.6-20.0), and absence of separate sheds on the farms (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1- 3.5) were found to be significant risk factors for ovine brucellosis. Conclusion: The use of complementary measures to tackle the multiple animal- and farm-level risk factors may help to reduce the disease burden in the absence of a vaccination policy for small ruminants in India.
Conclusion

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this book I have argued that Heracles is a far more complex tragedy than many critics have thought. Euripides exploits the conflicting views of ancient tradition about Heracles' nature and arete. The superlative strength that Heracles exhibited during his labours is laudable, but its transference from wildness into civilization becomes problematic. The play suggests that the solution is provided by the civic (and Athenocentric) context, where individuality and the archaic type of heroic excellence give way to solidarity and the value of community.
Facial landmarks detection using 3D constrained local model on mesh manifold

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a novel 3D Constrained Local Models (CLM) approach applied for the detection of facial landmarks in 3D images. This approach capitalizes on the properties of Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to define appropriate priors of a face Point Distribution Model. Tailored to the mesh manifold modality, this approach address the limitations of the depth images which require pose normalization and suffer from the loss of the shape information caused by 2D projection. We validate this framework through a series of experiments conducted with the public Bosporus database, whereby it demonstrates a competitive performance compared to other state of the art methods.
Lamu Port–South Sudan–Ethiopia Transportation Corridor (Kenya)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Lamu Port–South Sudan–Ethiopia Transport Corridor is a part of Kenya's "Vision Strategy 2023". This corridor aims to realise long-term national development, develop Kenya into a middle-income emerging industrialised country by 2030 and provide security guarantee and high-quality life for the Kenyan people. Many benefits are brought about by the construction of vacation cities and auxiliary traffic facilities: accelerate Kenya in opening up some new tourist scenes; greatly boost the development of Kenya's tourist industry; and assist the growth of service industry. The corridor aims to solve the long-term problems of poor infrastructure in the East African area; and the infrastructure construction is just one important component of the Belt and Road construction. China has become an important force for investment and construction of Kenya's power and energy infrastructure to boost the development of construction of Kenya's energy infrastructure. Financial support is key for the smooth implementation of the various projects in Kenya.
Business Intelligence

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This chapter attempts to define the knowledge body of Business Intelligence. It provides an overview of the context we have been working in. The chapter starts with a historical overview of Business Intelligence stating its different stages and progressions. Then, the authors present an overview of what Business Intelligence is, its architecture and goals, and its main components including: data mining, data warehousing, and data marts. Finally, the Business Intelligence ‘marriage’ with knowledge management is discussed in details. The authors hope to contribute to the recent discussions about Business Intelligence goals, concepts, architecture, and components.
Neutrophils Promote Larynx Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression via Activating the IL-17/JAK/STAT3 Pathway

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is the main type of laryngeal cancer with poor prognosis. Incidence of LSCC increases every year, posing a great threat to human health. The underlying mechanism needs further study. Neutrophils are the most prevalent type of immune cells, which play vital roles in crosstalk between the microenvironment and cancer cells. In our study, we aim to figure out the complex regulation between neutrophils and LSCC. Our experiments showed that LSCC cells could promote the activation and mobility of neutrophils. And, in return, neutrophils enhanced the proliferation, migration, and invasion of LSCC. The subsequent results showed that IL-17 was highly expressed in neutrophil conditioned medium. Block of IL-17 could effectively inhibit the progression of LSCC induced by neutrophils. What is more, the results showed that IL-17 activated the JAK/STAT3 pathway in LSCC. Inhibition of the JAK/STAT3 pathway could significantly block neutrophil-induced LSCC progression. Our research reveals the complex interaction between neutrophils and LSCC cells, providing new ideas for the treatment of LSCC.
Getting Right with Nature

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The past century has witnessed unprecedented economic growth and prosperity along with unprecedented depredations upon nature. To resolve these developments, there is debate between two moral postures. One takes a human-centered, or anthropocentric, view of our relationship to nature to emphasize the value of securing the resources needed for further development. The other takes an environment-centered, or ecocentric, view of our relationship to nature to emphasize the value of conserving her integrity and beauty. This article explores tensions underling these two views and finds that neither adequately reconciles us to nature. This article offers an alternative, theocentric view of our relationship to nature, founded upon Catholic Christianity, that reconciles in God our value for resources and nature and establishes a divine order of man and nature apart from human egoism and intentions. This article concludes with a discussion of the implications of this theocentric view for environmental policy and practice.
A strategic roadmap for DHL towards a sustainable last mile delivery solution for cities in 2030: A customer centred design approach for a last-mile delivery solution in 2030

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The e-commerce market is growing rapidly in the last decade. The growth of this industry is causing several challenges. These include a larger number of parcels delivered at service points and the CO2 emitted in the parcel delivery. Especially the last mile delivery is a CO2 intensive process. The sector is innovating to reduce their emissions, but the choices made by the consumers also have an influence on the total emitted CO2 per parcel. DHL, a domestic and international shipper, decided to take their responsibility by lowering the CO2 emitted in the transportation. They stated that all transport-related emissions need to be brought to zero by 2050. In order to create a delivery system which is safe, free of emissions and resistant to future developments in a city the current last-mile delivery system needs a critical look. A sustainable last mile delivery system that fits customer needs will be designed for 2030 to inspire DHL with a strategy for reducing their CO2 emissions in the last mile. This thesis aims to create an overview of the context DHL is operating in. In the problem analysis, this context is researched and defined. A CO2 analysis showed that delivery to a pickup point is the most environmentally friendly delivery option and besides renewing the old fleet for electric vehicles, efficiency gain can play a part in reducing CO2 emissions. In the user analysis, consumers are investigated and a customer journey is created. A target group is chosen to focus the solution on and accordingly the design statement for this project is defined: Design a parcel collecting point for high rise apartments buildings in the city centre which meets customer needs. With a traditional design approach, this design statement was solved and 4 concepts are presented. However, the presented concepts are not bold enough for the context of 2030. Another iteration in this design process is done and a different design approach showed how more value can be created for cities and citizens through the design of a new parcel locker station. This locker station is fitting customer needs and convinces important stakeholders. A plan for implementation is worked out in a roadmap, which gives a step by step approach for DHL on how the concept can be realised. The design of this Powerhouse is validated through co-creation sessions with residents, which resulted in a modular design of the Powerhouse that fits a variety of urban locations in the context of 2030.