jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SIRT3 attenuates AngII-induced cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting myofibroblasts transdifferentiation via STAT3-NFATc2 pathway.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cardiac fibrosis is a maladaptive response to various stresses, characterized by increased interstitial collagen deposition and progressive cardiac dysfunction. The transdifferentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts is an essential process in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis. SIRT3, as a mitochondrial NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase, has been demonstrated beneficial in many cardiovascular diseases. However, the specific mechanism of its protective role in cardiac fibrosis needs to be elucidated further. Here, we determined the role of SIRT3 in cardiac fibrosis by subjecting Sirt3-knockout mice to chronic AngII infusion for four weeks in vivo. In this study, the Sirt3-knockout mice developed more serious cardiac fibrosis compared to wild-type controls. In vitro, primary cardiac fibroblasts from Sirt3-knockout mice transdifferentiated into myofibroblasts spontaneously and this phenotype conversion exaggerated after AngII stimulation. The SIRT3-KO myofibroblasts secret more fibrotic mediators including TGF-β to promote cardiac fibrosis. In addition, the overexpression of SIRT3 by lentivirus transfection attenuated myofibroblasts transdifferentiation. We further demonstrated that SIRT3 directly binds to and deacetylates STAT3 to inhibit its activity. Sequentially the downstream factor, known as NFATc2, showed a reduced expression. Taken together, these results revealed that SIRT3 can protect against cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting myofibroblasts transdifferentiation via the STAT3-NFATc2 signaling pathway.
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be Pleased with him) and the Accusation for his Narration of the Israʼiliyyat

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The enemies of Islam, in the past and present, used to direct their accusations against our great Islamic religion, using various methods and ways to question the validity of the Prophet’s Sunnah and to challenge its narrators. This research came to respond to the appellants and skeptics of the Islam's narrator the great companion of the Prophet Abu-Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) and refute their fabrications and accusations against him that he took knowledge from Judaism and Christianity through his narration of the Israʼiliyyat. For Ka`b Al-Ahbar, Basrah Al-Ghafari, and Abdullah bin Salam, and their reference is the hadith that he narrated about the Merit of Friday, in which he went out to the Tuor (mountain) and his meeting with Ka`b Al-Ahbar, so they raised many suspicions, doubts and questions about this hadith, I studied them extensively and responded to all their fabrications and allegations as a sober scientific response and showed the invalidity and nullity of this Suspicion.
A robust inverse analysis method to estimate the local tensile properties of heterogeneous materials from nano-indentation data

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Most current analysis of nano-indentation test data assumes the sample to behave as an isotropic, homogeneous body. In practice, engineering materials such as structural steels, titanium alloys and high strength aluminium alloys are multi-phase metals with microstructural length scales that can be the same order of magnitude as the maximum achievable nano-indentation depth. This heterogeneity results in considerable scatter in the indentation load-displacement traces and complicates inverse analysis of this data. To address this problem, an improved and optimised inverse analysis procedure to estimate bulk tensile properties of heterogeneous materials using a new ‘multi-objective’ function has been developed which considers nano-indentation data obtained from several indentation sites. The technique was applied to S355 structural steel bulk samples as well as an autogenously electron beam welded sample where there is a local variation of material properties. Using the new inverse analysis approach on the S355 bulk material resulted in an error within 3% of the experimental yield strength and strain hardening exponent data, which compares to an approximate 9% error in the yield strength and an 8% error in the strain hardening exponent using a more conventional approach to the inverse analysis method. Applying the new method to indentation data from different regions of an S355 steel weld and using this data as an input into an FE model of the cross-weld, tensile data from the FE model resulted matching the experimentally measured properties to within 5%, confirming the efficacy of the new inverse analysis approach.
Pre-Processing of Galaxies before Entering a Cluster

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We consider several mechanisms that possibly affect the evolution of disk galaxies in clusters using analytical models based on a hierarchical clustering scenario. We especially focus on the evolution of disk galaxies in subclusters located around a main cluster. We show that ram-pressure stripping cannot be always ignored in subclusters, although their masses are much smaller than that of the main cluster. The star-formation rate of a galaxy may gradually decrease by the stripping of warm gas (‘strangulation’) in a main cluster. However, we find that ram-pressure stripping could start before the strangulation is completed, if a field galaxy directly falls into the main cluster. Since this conflicts with some recent observations, many galaxies might have been affected by some environmental effects when they were in subclusters before they fell into the main cluster (‘pre-processing’). We show that strangulation and evaporation of the cold gas by the surrounding hot ICM in subclusters are the possible candidates. We also show that the observed morphological transformation of disk galaxies at $z\lesssim 1$ is not chiefly due to galaxy mergers.
CHILE: A HISTORY OF UNBUILT SOCIALISM

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The relevance of this topic is an analysis of the attempt to build socialism in Chile and a modern assessment of this era. In the twentieth century, Latin America was at the center of the confrontation between two ideologies - Marxist and capitalist. In some countries (Cuba, Venezuela) the ideas of a communist society found fertile ground. The situation with Chile turned out to be different and the construction of a social state turned into the collapse and death of its ideologist. The article discusses the modern view of Chileans on the era of Allende and Pinochet. The answer is also given - why it was not possible to build Chilean socialism.
[99m Tc] Tc‐MDP bone SPECT/CT diagnosing unstable slipped capital femoral epiphysis with secondary AVN in a patient with misleading knee pain

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Bone scan is highly sensitive whole‐body imaging with relative low radiation in patients with non‐localized skeletal symptoms. Patient is 12‐year‐old boy with Down syndrome, suffering recent claudication and exacerbated left knee pain unable to walk even with crutches. Three‐dimensional Single photon emission computed tomography/Computed tomography (SPECT/CT) detected left slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) and secondary Avascular necrosis (AVN).
Candida albicans at Host Barrier Sites: Pattern Recognition Receptors and Beyond

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Over the last decades, fungal infections have emerged as a growing threat to human health. Although the human body is at potential risk, various body sites host several commensal fungal species, including Candida albicans. In healthy individuals, C. albicans colonizes different mucosal surfaces without causing harm, while under diverse circumstances the fungus can proliferate and cause disease. In this context, the understanding of host–C. albicans interactions in health and during infection may lead to novel therapeutic approaches. Importantly, host cells express pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which sense conserved fungal structures and orchestrate innate immune responses. Herein, important findings on the topic of the recognition of C. albicans at host barrier sites are discussed. This review briefly summarizes the importance and functions of myeloid PRRs, reviews the fungal recognition and biology of stromal cells, and highlights important C. albicans virulence attributes during site-specific proliferation and invasion.
Experimental Investigation on High-Mode Vortex-Induced Vibration of a Flexible Stay Cable in Smooth Flow

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With the increase in the main spans of cable-stayed bridges, the wind-induced vibration, especially the high-mode vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of the long stay cables has become a concern for many researchers. In this study, to investigate the high-mode VIVs of stay cables via wind tunnel tests, the mode order amplification factor (MOAF) of the stay cable was proposed to design the flexible stay cable model with a relatively large-scale ratio (λRe) of the Reynolds number (Re). Furthermore, the wind-induced vibration characteristics of the flexible stay cable model with a smooth surface for wind yaw angle (β) of 0° were investigated. In addition, the β effects on the wind-induced vibration characteristics of the stay cable were studied. Finally, double-helical fillets were applied to suppress the high-mode VIV responses of the flexible stay cable model for different β. The results showed that the flexible stay cable model that was designed by the proposed method of MOAF satisfied the similarity of the prototype stay cable and the damping ratios (ξ) of the first several modes of the flexible stay cable model were from approximately 0.021% to 0.064%. The stay cable exhibited five in-plane VIVs in the test wind velocity (V) range for β = 0°. Furthermore, the maximum amplitude of the displacement of the in-plane VIV of the flexible stay cable model decreased with the increase in the VIV mode order. The significant in-plane VIV responses of the stay cable were observed for β of 15°, 30°, −15°, −30°, and −45°, respectively, and the in-plane vibration acceleration responses were significantly larger than the out-of-plane vibration acceleration responses of the flexible stay cable model. The VIV responses of the stay cable could be effectively suppressed through the double-helical fillets with a diameter (d) of d = 0.10 D (where D = diameter of the stay cable) and pitch (P) of P = 12 D.
THE SECRETION OF AN ANTIDIURETIC SUBSTANCE INTO THE CIRCULATION OF ADRENALECTOMIZED AND HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS EXPOSED TO NOXIOUS STIMULI1,2

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

THE exposure of normal rats to a variety of noxious stimuli (pain, noise, a strange environment, and the intraperitoneal injection of histamine) results in a rapid, marked increase in the antidiuretic activity of the plasma (Mirsky, Stein and Paulisch, 1953). Although the precise nature of the substance (or substances) (ADS) responsible for the augmented antidiuretic activity was not established, its resemblance to the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) extractable from the neurohypophysis and the speed with which it is released into the circulation suggested that ADS and ADH may be identical. It was proposed that common to the specific reactions induced by the various noxious stimuli is an activation of the hypothalamus with a resultant release of the antidiuretic hormone into the circulation. It is generally assumed that the secretion of the antidiuretic hormone is dependent upon the integrity of the supraoptic and para ventricular nuclei, the supraoptico-hypophyseal tract and the neurohypophysis
Dynamically Adjusting Transformer Batch Size by Monitoring Gradient Direction Change

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The choice of hyper-parameters affects the performance of neural models. While much previous research (Sutskever et al., 2013; Duchi et al., 2011; Kingma and Ba, 2015) focuses on accelerating convergence and reducing the effects of the learning rate, comparatively few papers concentrate on the effect of batch size. In this paper, we analyze how increasing batch size affects gradient direction, and propose to evaluate the stability of gradients with their angle change. Based on our observations, the angle change of gradient direction first tends to stabilize (i.e. gradually decrease) while accumulating mini-batches, and then starts to fluctuate. We propose to automatically and dynamically determine batch sizes by accumulating gradients of mini-batches and performing an optimization step at just the time when the direction of gradients starts to fluctuate. To improve the efficiency of our approach for large models, we propose a sampling approach to select gradients of parameters sensitive to the batch size. Our approach dynamically determines proper and efficient batch sizes during training. In our experiments on the WMT 14 English to German and English to French tasks, our approach improves the Transformer with a fixed 25k batch size by +0.73 and +0.82 BLEU respectively.
Repairing Facial Fractures with Interrupted Maxillary-mandibular Arches by Computer-assisted Reverse Planning Model Surgery

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Background: Management of comminuted facial fractures with maxillary-mandibular arch interruption is difficult, resulting in inadequate bone reduction and malocclusion. Traditionally, a good quality dental splint is helpful, but difficult to obtain in acute trauma. We apply a computer-assisted design and three-dimensional printing technology to improve splint fabrication and utilization, thus facilitating restoration of dental occlusion and facial fracture. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients who suffered from facial fractures with interruption of the maxillary-mandibular arches. We developed the “computer-assisted reverse planning and three-dimensional printing model surgery” algorithm and applied it in selected patients. An occlusal splint was created as a surgical guide to enhance the maxilla-mandibular unit repair by taking care of the bone reduction and occlusion. All included patients were followed up to assess the functional outcome and patients suitable for this method. Results: From Jan 2015 to Aug 2020, 10 patients (eight men and two women) with comminuted facial fractures were included. The average time of surgery was 9.2 days. The average follow-up time was 8.6 months. There was no patient who needed major revision to correct malocclusion or facial asymmetry. Conclusions: A computer-assisted design splint decreases intraoperative inaccuracies and difficulty in comminuted maxillo-mandibular fractures. It is a useful and reliable alternative. Collaboration with an experienced engineer and patient selection are indispensable in delivering successful outcomes. Patients who have more than three bone fragments in a single dental arch or more than four bone fragments in the entire maxillary-mandibular unit appear to be excellent candidates for this method.
Temporal Imaging CeBr3 Compton Camera: A New Concept for Nuclear Decommissioning and Nuclear Waste Management

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

During nuclear decommissioning or waste management operations, a camera that could make an image of the contamination field and identify and quantify the contaminants would be a great progress. Compton cameras have been proposed, but their limited efficiency for high energy gamma rays and their cost have severely limited their application. Our objective is to promote a Compton camera for the energy range (200 keV – 2 MeV) that uses fast scintillating crystals and a new concept for locating scintillation event: Temporal Imaging. Temporal Imaging uses monolithic plates of fast scintillators and measures photons time of arrival distribution in order to locate each gamma ray with a high precision in space ( X,Y,Z ), time ( T ) and energy ( E ). This provides a native estimation of the depth of interaction ( Z ) of every detected gamma ray. This also allows a time correction for the propagation time of scintillation photons inside the crystal, therefore resulting in excellent time resolution. The high temporal resolution of the system makes it possible to veto quite efficiently background by using narrow time coincidence (< 300 ps). It is also possible to reconstruct the direction of propagation of the photons inside the detector using timing constraints. The sensitivity of our system is better than 1 nSv/h in a 60 s acquisition with a 22 Na source. The project TEMPORAL is funded by the ANDRA/PAI under the grant No. RTSCNADAA160019.
A suppression method of second order mode spurious responses for boundary acoustic wave filters

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we describe a suppression method of spurious responses for boundary acoustic wave filters, which employ a shear-horizontal type boundary acoustic wave in SiN/SiO 2 /electrodes/LiNbO 3 structure. In this structure, the second order mode of boundary acoustic wave is excited strongly and causes a spurious response which deteriorates out-of-band attenuation. We studied the excitation mechanism of the second order mode and found that the intensity of the second order mode depends highly on the relation between the acoustic velocity of the second order mode and the fast shear bulk wave velocity of LiNbO 3 . Moreover, we found that the change of the propagation direction from the X-axis on rotated V-cut LiNbO 3 makes the fast shear bulk wave velocity lower. As a combination of these results, a new suppression method of the spurious responses was proposed. Using this method, a boundary acoustic wave filter without spurious responses was successfully realized.
Effects of Methyl and Halogens in Analgesic Peptide Molecules for Their Potent Agonist Activities at MOR/DOR and Antagonist Activity at NK1R

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Treating pain has been always challenging, especially when it becomes chronic in nature. Current drugs (e.g. opioid drugs) cannot treat this problem effectively. In addition, constant use of these drugs has deadly side effects including drowsiness and mental clouding, nausea and emesis, and constipation [1]. Development of analgesic tolerance and hyperalgesia in many patients as the results of taking these drugs are also a serious concern. Overexpression of substance P and its receptor has been observed during prolonged pain states. Studies revealed that co-administration of cocktails of drugs containing μ/δ opioid agonist and NK1 antagonist can provide better analgesic effects in rat model while reducing side effects [2-4]. Herein, we report design, synthesis and SARs of few multifunctional ligands having μ/δ opioid agonist (μ-preferring) and NK1 antagonist activities. The detail of this study has already been communicated to J. Med. Chem. for publication [5]. We anticipate that these ligands will show better analgesia while reducing the adverse side effects. Our drug design principle is based on overlapping and adjacent pharmacophores (Figure 1) and we considered our previously published μ-selective (binding) ligand TY012 (H-Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Pro-Leu-Trp-NH-Bn(3ʹ,5ʹ-(CF3)2)) [6].
Pendampingan Pengelolaan Kelestarian dan Kesehatan Lingkungan Hidup bagi Generasi Z Kelurahan Klasuur Distrik Sorong Papua Barat Daya

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This community service activity aims to increase the knowledge and awareness of Gen Z with the hope that they can pass on the knowledge they have gained to other people around them as well as become an example in implementing an attitude of caring for the environment. PKM is carried out in the form of socialization using lecture and question and answer methods to explore activity partiicipants knowledge abaout environmental sustainability and health.. Service activities take place in several stages, namely preliminary study, preparation, implementation and evaluation. The delivery of material is more directed at participants knowlegde about the environment, environmental problems, concern for the environment, benefits obtained and several activities that Gen Z can carry out in maintaning environmental sustainability and health. The excitement of the participants could be seen from the many questions asked of the presenters. Likewise, at the evaluation stage, several questions to test participants memory and understanding of the material can be answered well. Mentoring for Generation Z needs to continue to be carried out to motivate them to be more active in protecting their environment.
Pumping Action in Vibrating Discs : Experiments

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

一様すきまを構成する軸対称環状2円板を面に垂直方向に相対的に加振することによって、平均して流体が一方向に流れるポンビング作用が発生する。この発生機構を実験的に証明し、前報で論じた理論解析の正当性を確認した。また、ポンピングの方向・強度に影響する諸因子の効果を実験事実と近似解析解とを対比させることによって明確にした。
Ocean Passages: Navigating Pacific Islander and Asian American Literatures, Erin Suzuki (2021)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Review of: Ocean Passages: Navigating Pacific Islander and Asian American Literatures , Erin Suzuki (2021) Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 268 pp., ISBN 978 1 43992 094 7 (pbk), US$39.95
Pan-Proteomics to Analyze the Functional Complexity of Organisms

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Proteomics is rapidly expanding with the advent of high throughput technologies and offers a greater understanding of the complexity of life and the process of evolution. Protein profile comparison between genetically heterogeneous individuals may provide important insights into physiological diversity and function. A new term, pan-proteomics, has also been introduced that permits the qualitative and quantitative comparison of proteomes of genetically heterogeneous organisms. Here in this chapter, various aspects of pan-proteomics along with its basic methodology and applications have been discussed.
The History of Mental Handicap in Bristol and Bath

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The cities of Bristol and Bath have played an eminent role in the history of mental handicap. Unfortunately, documentation is rather scanty, particularly on the pre and post Reformation era but much more is known about the Holy Cross Hospital in Bath, perhaps the oldest mental handicap hospital in Great Britain. The Romans contributed to its foundations when they built Fossway Road on the outskirts of Bath which the pilgrims later used to visit Glastonbury.
Carbon Accounting and Financial Performance: A Comparative Study of Retail and Public Sector Institutions

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study examines the relationship between carbon accounting practices and financial performance across retail and public sector institutions, with particular focus on Starbucks Corporation as a retail exemplar. Through comparative analysis utilizing GHG Protocol frameworks and established financial key performance indicators (KPIs), this research reveals significant divergences in carbon accounting methodologies, disclosure practices, and their subsequent impact on financial outcomes. The findings demonstrate that while retail organizations like Starbucks show direct correlations between sustainability investments and market valuation, public sector institutions exhibit more complex relationships driven by regulatory compliance and social responsibility mandates rather than profit maximization. This comparative study contributes to the growing body of literature on environmental accounting by providing empirical evidence of sector-specific variations in carbon accounting effectiveness and financial performance implications.