jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Oxygen - Dissolved Oxygen Saturation, Actual, Percent for Estuaries, Multiparameter Meters, Gamtoos Estuary, Gamtoos Salinity 18 between 1.94m and 0.00m below sea level from 2019-07-18 to 2025-11-10

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Oxygen - Dissolved Oxygen Saturation, Actual, Percent for Estuaries, Multiparameter Meters, Gamtoos Estuary, Gamtoos Salinity 18 between 1.94m and 0.00m below sea level from 2019-07-18T12:57:01+02:00 to 2025-11-10T13:51:16+02:00 at -33.899360,24.974310 (+N-S,-W+E)
Sources of information about HIV/AIDS and perceived risk of infection among heterosexual young adults: 1989 and 1994

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper reports a study of sources of information about HIV/AIDS and trust of the sources among heterosexuals in 1989 (113 females and 91 males) and 1994 (185 females and 66 males). We also examined whether perceived personal risk of HIV infection was predicted by sources of information about HIV/AIDS, trust of the sources, how informed about AIDS people believed they were, and perceived risk of infection to others, as well as whether there was a relationship between perceived personal risk and safe sex behaviour Participants received most of their information about AIDS/HIV from magazines, newspapers, and television, but placed most trust on sources such as doctors and HIV/AIDS organisations. Perceived personal risk was influenced most by perceived risk to friends and to people with the same sexual practices. In the 1994 sample, perceived personal risk was correlated with the amount of condom use among participants with sexual experience. These results indicate ther has been. relative stability across a five-year period. They also point to the continuing discrepancy among young heterosexuals between the most-used and most-trusted sources of information, as well as to the importance of peer influence on perceptions of personal risk of HIV infection.
Advanced control strategies for a periodic, two-column chromatographic process

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this work we investigate the design and application of advanced control strategies to a chromatographic process. For the Multicolumn Countercurrent Solvent Gradient Purification process (MCSGP), a nonlinear process, described by a periodic profile, we develop a step-by-step procedure that enables the seamless development of approximate explicit advanced MPC controllers for such systems. The designed controllers assure optimal operating conditions, periodic input profiles and continuous process monitoring.
Gendered experiences of sexuality-based discrimination in Jamaica: Results from an exploratory study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper reports on sexuality-based oppression experienced by lesbians and gays in Jamaica. These data were collected as part of an exploratory study that examined the relationship of sexuality-based discrimination and HIV/ AIDS stigma in Jamaica. Research methodology, which included key informant interviews and focus group protocols, were adapted from those used by UNAIDS (Burgess 2002; Bharat 2001) and the PANOS Institute (2002), and in their studies of HIV/AIDS-related stigma. The study sought to answer the following research questions:How is stigma and discrimination – institutional and social – perpetrated against sexual minorities in Jamaica? What are the public health and social welfare implications of this stigma and discrimination, particularly as it relates to access and utilization of health and human services by sexual minorities? What, if any, are the "color", class and gender differences in the stigma/ discrimination processes and its social welfare and public health implications for this population?
TIL VA MADANIYATNING XALQ (ETNOS) BILAN UZVIY BOG'LIQLIGI

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this article, the scope of language in the expression of the mentality and traditions, culture of the people is described differently. The article also gives separate definitions and explanations of language and culture, and we can determine the linguistic richness of a nation by how deeply it is used in its proverbs and wise sayings.
Molecular network analysis of HIV infections in key sub-districts and towns of one district, Chongqing, 2021-2023

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To understand the transmission characteristics of newly reported HIV/AIDS (Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) patients in key sub-districts and towns of Jiulongpo District, Chongqing through constructing the HIV molecular transmission network, so as to provide a reference for the precise intervention of AIDS in this district. Methods: Blood samples were collected from newly reported HIV/AIDS patients in these sub-districts and towns before treatment from 2021 to 2023. After extraction, amplification of the pol region, sequencing, and sequence collation, the HIV - TRACE tool was used to construct the molecular transmission network. Results: A total of 83 valid gene sequences were obtained. Most of the patients were male (89.16%), and the majority of them were aged 50 and above (59.04%). The highest proportion had an educational level of junior high school or below (65.06%). All infections were sexually transmitted, with heterosexual transmission being the main mode (65.06%). In terms of marital status, the married or in a spousal relationship and the unmarried accounted for 45.78% and 38.55% respectively. Occupations were mainly housework and unemployment and commercial services, accounting for 36.14% and 34.94% respectively. Gene subtype analysis showed that CRF07_BC and CRF01_AE were the predominant subtypes. Analysis of the HIV molecular transmission network showed that at a 1.5% genetic distance, the network entry rate was 21.69% (18/83), and a total of 6 molecular clusters were formed. The largest molecular cluster was CRF01_AE. The total number of links for all nodes in the network was 38, and the highest number of links for a single node was 6. Conclusion: In the key sub-districts and towns of Jiulongpo District, the viral gene types of the infected are diverse. The infected patients are characterized by older age, lower educational level, and mainly sexual transmission. Middle-aged and elderly groups and the spouses of positive patients are the key populations to be concerned about, and targeted interventions are needed.
Case study on the success of mergers and acquisitions in Singapore banking industry

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The number of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) has been on the rise in the last decade. This paper begins by exploring the reasons why M&A took place and why some failed. We then look at the development of the local banking industry, including the effects and implications on local banks with the liberalization of Singapore's financial industry. We adopted a case study approach in which we studied three main local bank mergers that took place in the recent decade: Overseas-Chinese Banking Corporation (OCBC), United Overseas Bank (UOB) and Development Bank of Singapore (DBS). Lastly, the strategies used for their acquisition were examined, followed by the performance of the three banks before and after the merger, using both financial and non-financial analysis.
Renal Neurogenic Mediation of Intracerebroventricular Angiotensin II Hypertension in Rats Raised on High Sodium Chloride Diet

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Chronic elevation of sodium intake may affect the sensitivity of the central nervous system to intracerebroventricular (ICV) angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion. Experiments were conducted to determine the influence of raising Sprague-Dawley rats from 2 to 3 weeks of age on low (5.0 mmol/L per kg food), normal (50 mmol/L per kg food), or high (250 mmol/L per kg food) NaCl diets on renal and cardiovascular responses to low-dose ICV Ang II infusion. At 12 weeks of age, Sprague-Dawley rats were instrumented for chronic study, including brain lateral ventricular cannulation. Artificial cerebrospinal fluid was infused (0.25 μL/min ICV) during control and recovery, whereas Ang II (20 ng/min) was infused for 5 days. During the experiment, respective sodium intakes were infused intravenously over 24 hours. In rats fed high sodium, control mean arterial pressure was 115±2 mm Hg and increased to 132±4 mm Hg by day 5 of ICV Ang II infusion. This increase in arterial pressure was associated with significant ( P <.05) decreases in sodium excretion, leading to the retention of 5.4±0.6 mmol/L total sodium over the 5 days of Ang II infusion. In rats raised on low and normal sodium intakes from weaning and in 10-week-old rats exposed to a high sodium diet for only 2 weeks, arterial pressure was not increased and sodium was not retained during ICV Ang II infusion at 20 ng/min. In rats raised on the high sodium diet, bilateral renal denervation abolished the arterial hypertension and reduced the sodium retention over 5 days of ICV Ang II infusion. Thus, chronic elevation of sodium intake increases the hypertensive response to low-dose ICV Ang II infusion, which is dependent on intact renal nerves. We conclude that elevated postnatal NaCl intake enhances the pressor sensitivity of the brain to Ang II.
Gadsden Plant- 1st Tire Presented To P.W. Litchfield & Slusser (1343)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A photograph of the first tire produced in the Gadsden, Alabama Goodyear plant being presented to P.W. Litchfield, President and Clifton Slusser, Vice President of Manufacturing at Goodyear. One black and white photograph.
Kenyamanan Termal Terhadap Desain Arsitektur Berkelanjutan Pada Masjid Raya Alh-Azhar Summarecon Bandung

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study aims to analyze the level of thermal comfort in the context of sustainable architectural design, with a case study focusing on Al-Azhar Grand Mosque Summarecon Bandung. The research employs both quantitative and qualitative approaches, including temperature and humidity measurements, field observations, and documentation. The findings indicate that the application of sustainable architectural principles, such as the use of natural ventilation, natural lighting, and environmentally friendly materials, plays a significant role in enhancing thermal comfort. The recorded average temperature in the mosque ranges from 24.38°C to 31.68°C, while humidity levels vary between 56% and 91%. Although thermal comfort is generally achieved, challenges remain in addressing high humidity levels and temperature imbalances at certain times. Therefore, this study recommends optimizing the ventilation system and selecting materials with moisture-absorbing properties to further enhance the comfort of mosque users.
Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing of a patient with postoperative pain after surgery for breast cancer

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This paper summarized the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) nursing of a patient with postoperative pain after surgery for breast cancer. The patient had received a comprehensive nursing assessment after hospital admission. Based on the TCM syndrome differentiation, appropriate technique of TCM nursing including TCM ointment massage, cupping therapy, TCM medication and emotional care were carried out to relieve the negative emotion and postoperative pain of the patient. (本文总结1例乳腺癌患者术后疼痛的中医状态调护经验。患者入院后完善护理评估, 基于中医辨证, 采取中药膏摩、拔罐疗法、口服中药、情志护理等中医护理适宜技术干预, 有效改善患者负性情绪, 减轻疼痛, 有助于提高肿瘤患者生存质量。)
Evidence-Based Mini-Review: Treatment Options for Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Myeloma Previously Treated with Novel Agents and High-Dose Chemotherapy and Autologous

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 64-year-old man with a history of multiple myeloma presents with new back pain. He has a history of International Staging System stage 1, IgG kappa multiple myeloma with normal cytoge-netics that was diagnosed 4 years ago when he presented with a
Russia's soft and sharp power in southeast Europe — the Russian hybrid influence operation in Montenegro

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This is a chapter published in a conference publication that was written within the framework of the project “Reality Check Series: Sources, Tools, and Impact of External Non-EU-Engagement in Southeast Europe.” The project was led by the Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft (SOG) with the support of the German Federal Foreign Office (Stability Pact for Southeast Europe sponsored by Germany).
The Differential Diagnosis of Malignant Lymphoma and Reactive Lymphoreticular Hyperplasia of the Stomach Using Endoscopic Ultrasonography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract: It is difficult to differentiate between reactive lymphoreticular hyperplasia (RLH) and malignant lymphoma (ML) even with an endoscopic biopsy. We performed endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) examination on 25 cases histologically diagnosed as being RLH or ML. We classified their EUS findings into three types; protruding, wall‐thickening and superficial types, and examined their ultrasonographic findings. Of the four cases classified as being the protruding type (ML 3, RLH 1), disruption of the third layer was seen in the cases of ML, while it was preserved in the case of RLH. All nine cases of the wall‐thickening type were ML. Twelve cases were classified as being the superficial type (ML 6, RLH 6). Of the five cases of this type without ulcerative changes, thickening of the second layer of the low echoic homogeneous pattern (“Loss of original mucosal structure: OMS”) was seen in all two cases of ML, while the second layer was dotted with low echoic granular particles and looked grossly heterogeneous (“Granular pattern”) in all three cases of RLH. In the other seven cases the lesion looked like an advanced tumor due to ulcerative changes. From observations of the surrounding nonulcerative area, “Loss of OMS” was seen in three of four cases of ML, while a “Granular pattern” was seen in all three cases of RLH. Six of seven cases with only the “Granular pattern” were RLH, and all 16 cases with only the “Tumorous pattern” were ML. Of the two cases with the “Combined pattern” which had the “Tumorous pattern” in the central area and “Granular pattern” in the peripheral area, one was ML and the other was RLH. EUS is thought to be a useful diagnostic technique which provides us with important information to differentiate between ML and RLH.
Closure of the neuro‐central synchondrosis and other physes in foal cervical spines

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The neuro‐central synchondrosis (NCS) is a physis responsible for the growth of the dorsal third of the vertebral body and neural arches. When the NCS of pigs is tethered to model scoliosis, stenosis also ensues. It is necessary to describe the NCS for future evaluation of its potential role in equine spinal cord compression and ataxia (wobbler syndrome). Objectives To describe the NCS, including when it and other physes closed in computed tomographic (CT) scans of the cervical spine of foals, due to its potential role in vertebral stenosis. Study design Post‐mortem cohort study. Methods The cervical spine of 35 cases, comprising both sexes and miscellaneous breeds from 153 gestational days to 438 days old, was examined with CT and physes scored from 6: fully open to 0: fully closed . The dorsal physis, physis of the dens and mid‐NCS were scored separately, whereas the cranial and caudal NCS portions were scored together with the respective cranial and caudal vertebral body physes. Results The NCS was a pair of thin physes located in a predominantly dorsal plane between the vertebral body and neural arches. The mid‐NCS was closed in C1 from 115 days of age, and in C2–C7 from 38 days of age. The dorsal physis closed later than the NCS in C1, and earlier than the NCS in C2–C7. The dens physis was closed from 227 days of age. The cranial and caudal physes were closing, but not closed from different ages in the different vertebrae of the oldest cases. Main limitations Hospital population. Conclusions The NCS was a thin physis that contributed mainly to height‐wise growth, but also width‐ and length‐wise growth of the vertebral body and neural arches. The mid‐NCS was closed in all cervical vertebrae from 115 days of age. The NCS warrants further investigation in the pathogenesis of vertebral stenosis.
Role of 18F-FDG PET-derived parameters for predicting complete response to chemoradiotherapy in squamous cell anal carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of metabolic parameters, calculated on pretreatment positron emission computed tomography (PET/CT) with 18 fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG), for predicting complete response to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) of patients affected by squamous cell anal carcinoma (SCAC). Patients and methods Clinical records of 20 patients affected by SCAC and treated with CRT were retrospectively evaluated. 18 F-FDG PET/CT was performed at time 0 (baseline) and time 1 (12 weeks after CRT). The following parameters were extracted from PET at time 0: standardized uptake values (SUVmax and SUVmean), metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG). Response was assessed according to PET response criteria in solid tumors and classified as complete metabolic response (CMR), partial metabolic response (PMR) and progressive metabolic disease (PMD). Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to analyze the predictive value of each PET-derived parameter on CMR. Results Sixteen patients were finally enrolled. All presented increased 18 F-FDG uptake in the primary tumor and 11 (68.7%) also showed metastatic lymph nodes. At PET/CT performed at time 1, 11 subjects (68.7%) presented CMR, three (18.7%) had PMR and the remaining two (12.5%) showed PMD (i.e. hepatic metastases). Among baseline PET-derived parameters, both MTV and TLG efficiently predicted response to CRT with an area under the curve of 0.9 (cutoff 62.3 cm 3 , sensitivity 80%, specificity 100%, P = <0.0001) and 0.87 (cutoff 654.1 g, sensitivity 80%, specificity 100%, P = 0.004), respectively. Conclusion Among PET-derived parameters, both MTV and TLG presented a high predictive value on subjects’ outcome after CRT.
Analisis Tingkat Kohesivitas Karyawan pada PT. Pelindo IV (Persero) Cabang Makassar

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to analyze the level of employee cohesiveness at PT. Pelindo IV (Persero) Makassar Branch and identify the key factors influencing it. Employee cohesiveness is essential in fostering a collaborative work environment, increasing productivity, enhancing job satisfaction, and reducing turnover rates. This research employs a quantitative approach with a descriptive design. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 63 respondents, selected using the Slovin formula from a total population of 172 employees. The analysis includes validity and reliability tests, followed by index number analysis to measure the level of cohesiveness based on four key indicators: social strength, group unity, attractiveness, and teamwork. The findings reveal that employee cohesiveness at PT. Pelindo IV (Persero) Makassar Branch is at a high level. Transformational leadership and effective communication significantly contribute to fostering a cohesive workplace by strengthening teamwork, encouraging mutual support, and enhancing collaboration. The study concludes that strong employee cohesiveness creates a harmonious work environment, improves efficiency, and supports organizational goal achievement. It is recommended that the company continue to strengthen leadership strategies and promote open communication to maintain and further enhance cohesiveness within the organization. Future research should explore other industries and incorporate qualitative approaches to gain deeper insights into employee interactions and workplace dynamics.
Review of spatial variations in water quality in the Gediz River

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The Gediz River is one of the most important and main water source for the Gediz Basin of the Aegean region and Turkey. In this study, 18 water samples were collected from the source to the end of the river. Change in water quality, some trace elements and heavy metal contents of the Gediz River were determined. Analysis of the Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cr, Co, Cd and Ni showed that the quantity of Fe in the eighth sample, taken before the meeting point of the Alasehir tributary-Gediz River and the quantity of Cr in the eighth sample were above the critical level. Overall, the study indicated that the quality of the water of the Gediz River deteriorated (along the river) from the source to the end. It was also determined that the N/P ratio diminished from the source to the end which is an indicator of domestic pollution. To preserve the soils and plants of the Gediz Basin, the Gediz River and its tributaries should be protected from garbage and effluents.
FOCUS-GUIDED ENDOMYOCARDIAL BYOPSY IN DIAGNOSTICS OF ARRHYTHMOGENIC DYSPLASIA OF THE RIGHT VENTRICLE IN PATIENTS SCHEDULED FOR CATHETER ABLATION OF VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is one of diagnostical tools for arrhythmogenicdysplasia of the right ventricle (ADRB). However sensitivity and specificity of EMBrelay on the methodics of its performing.Aim. To compare “focus-guided” and “voluntary” EMB in diagnostics of ADRB inpatients, scheduled for catheter ablation of ventricular rhythm disorders. Material and methods. To retrospective study 122 patients included, among those scheduled for catheter ablation of ventricular tachicardia and\or sympthomatic ventricular extrasystoly, underwent EMB (64 males, mean age 39±14 y.). Patients were selected to 2 groups: 1) 44 patients (36%) with “focus-guided” biopsy (minimum 1 fragment of endomyocardium from the area(s) of ectopy); 2) 78 patients (64%) with “voluntary” EMB (specimens taken from any area except the focus).Results. Sixteen (13,1%) patients took the definite dignosis of ADRB according to 2010 Criteria. Short-term effect of ablation reached 69,7% of patients, much less efficacy had ADRB group (43,8%). Sensitivity and specificity of EMB in the big criteria of ADRB revealing, by histology, was higher in the group with “focus-guided” EMB, comparing to the “voluntary” group (100% and 91,7% vs. 80% and 81,4%, respectively).Conclusion. To improve sensitivity and specificity of EMB in ADRB diagnostics it is aimful to take myocardium specimens from the area of researched ventricular ectopy.
Earnings Management and Dynamic Incentives

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates how the possibility of earnings management affect equilibrium incentives and welfare in a two-period agency setting. Managerial performance measures are positively correlated because of a time-invariant productivity component that affects earnings in both periods. The firm and the manager learn about this permanent earnings component over time and cannot commit not to revise the contract terms in light of updated information. While learning over time reduces uncertainty, its strengthening effect on the second period incentive rate is offset by the need to mitigate earnings inflation. We find that when the uncertainty about permanent earnings is large enough, allowing some earnings management can be welfare-enhancing. We also consider a career concern setting in which the permanent component of earnings relates to managerial ability. Contrary to Gibbons and Murphy (1992), we find that incentive rates and productive efforts can decline over the manager’s tenure.