jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Multi-omic characterisation of Barrett’s oesophagus reveals a molecular continuum in the progression to oesophageal adenocarcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Barrett’s oesophagus (BE) is the main risk factor for the development of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) yet only 0.4%/year of non-dysplastic (ND) BE cases progress to cancer (Bhat et al., 2011). In this thesis I present the first comprehensive, multi-omics study comparing indolent, non-progressors with those who progressed to a range of dysplasia grades. BE is highly heterogeneous with regards to mutational load, copy-number aberrations (CNAs) and structural variants (SVs). Mutational signatures are laid down early and persist regardless of progression status. Hence, Cosmic signature 17 (T:A>G:C in a CTT context), the hallmark of OAC, is visible in indolent, ND samples. TP53 mutation, GATA6 amplification, ERBB2 amplification, APC mutation and whole genome doubling are confined to cases that have progressed with TP53 being by far the most prevalent. In contrast CDKN2A alteration occurs early in around 50% of indolent cases. SV analysis reveals a dominance of translocations from the early ND grade. Spatial analysis of multiple samples from across BE segments shows that the total mutation burden, total CNAs and total numbers of SVs to be surprisingly constant. However, clonality analysis highlights the complexity of BE, with some cases arising from a clear ancestral clone while others having minimal sharing of variants and showing heterogeneity in terms of driver events. Transcriptomic analysis reveals a clear but gradual differential gene expression between ND and dysplastic biopsies. We demonstrate a loss of the intestinal metaplasia phenotype with progression and downregulation of the HNF4A pathway, a transcription factor with roles in intestinal development. In progression there is an upregulation of genes in the ERK/MAPK pathway. In summary, BE is a heterogeneous disease that shows a continuum of abnormalities in the progression towards cancer. We hypothesise that it is the accumulation of events that tip the balance to progression, rather than a stepwise model through the phenotypic dysplasia grades. Selected features could help to differentiate indolent from high risk disease and further work is being performed to identify scoring systems and biomarkers to apply in the clinical setting.
391 Effects of increasing carbohydrases levels on productive performance of beef cattle fed feedlot finishing diets

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Our objective was to evaluate the effects of feeding increasing exogenous carbohydrases levels on cattleˈ performance, when fed a 90-d feedlot finishing diet. A total of 240 Nellore bulls (IBW = 389 ± 27 kg) were distributed in 24 pens (10 animals/pen), in a randomized complete block design (6 pens/treatment). The basal diet was composed by 15% sugarcane bagasse, 72.8% ground corn, 7.6% soybean meal and 4.6 % mineral-vitamin premix (DM basis). The treatments were: 1) control: No addition of carbohydrases blend; 2) Blend1, in g/animal/d: 1 g of Ronozyme® WX (xylanase) + 3.75 g of Ronzyme® VP (beta-glucanase); 3) Blend2, in g/animal/d: 2 g of Ronozyme® WX + 7.5 g of Ronzyme® VP and 4) Blend3, in g/animal/d: 4 g of Ronozyme® WX + 15 g of Ronzyme® VP. The animals were fed once a day and had free access to fresh water. Statistical analysis was performed using the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4, and comparisons were performed out by orthogonal contrasts, which compared the control and treatments, and the linear and quadratic effects of the increasing carbohydrases levels. Statistical significance was declared at P &lt; 0.05, and tendencies considered when 0.05 &lt; P &lt; 0.10. Animals fed carbohydrases had greater (P = 0.045) ADG (1.59 vs. 1.51 kg/d) and tended to have greater (P = 0.069) final BW (533.4 vs. 527.7 kg) compared with control; although no difference were observed on these variables among carbohydrases levels. Feeding carbohydrases increased DM intake, expressed either as kg/d (10.17 vs. 9.92; P = 0.019) and as percentage of BW (2.20 vs. 2.16 %; P = 0.038), compared to control group, respectively. However, no difference was observed among treatments on G:F, and dressing percentage. In conclusion, the addition of carbohydrases blend can improve performance of finishing cattle.
2. Explaining sound change

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

When specific languages are thought to be genetically related, because of systematic and recurrent form-meaning similarities in a large number of lexical roots in particular involving basic vocabulary as well as grammatical morphemes, it is usually possible to set up regular sound correspondences between segments in cognate forms. Moreover, as illustrated in the preceding chapter, specific sound changes may be reconstructed as a next step. Experience has shown not only that similar principles of regular sound change apply to language after language, but also that similar types of sound changes occur again and again in different parts of the world. Some of these more widespread structural changes in sound systems are illustrated next.
Device‐associated multidrug‐resistant bacteria surveillance in critically ill children: 10 years of experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aim Multidrug‐resistant bacterial infections are a public health problem worldwide. However, most of the information available refers to adults. The main objectives were to determine the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes for device‐associated infections, especially those involving multidrug‐resistant bacteria. Methods This is a prospective, observational study. Children aged ≥1 month and <18 years admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit from 2008 to 2017, with a device‐associated infection microbiologically confirmed were included. Patients infected with resistant bacteria were compared with those who had a drug‐susceptible infection. Results The study included 213 patients. Out of all the device‐associated infections, 22% (48 patients) were caused by multidrug‐resistant bacteria. The most frequent were extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase (ESBL)‐producing enterobacteria. Cardiovascular diseases, age under 1year, comorbidity, prolonged use of invasive device, and length of stay until infection were risk factors for resistant bacteria, but not specifically for ESBL‐producing bacteria. Length of stay and mortality was increased in patients with multidrug‐resistant bacteria. Conclusion Being under 1‐year‐old and having a cardiovascular disease were the two major risk factors for resistant bacterial infection. ESBL‐producing bacteria were the most frequent multidrug‐resistant agents. However, patients with ESBL‐producing bacteria did not have any additional risk factors, so they may have been colonised in the community.
Herbal preparation STW 5 improved quality of life in patients with functional dyspepsia. Results of a placebo-controlled trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a highly prevalent disorder in western countries with a considerable impact on quality of life. We investigated the quality of life in patients with FD before and after treatment with the herbal preparation STW 5 or placebo and during a follow up period without medication.
The Financial Markets of Roman Egypt

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This book analyses some 4,367 financial transactions, leases, sales and loans, recorded on papyri in Roman Egypt in the period AD 1 to 350. The analysis of this remarkable body of information, the ancient equivalent of modern-day ‘Big Data’, helps us understand how ordinary people thought about some of the most important decisions they would make in their life: buying a house, lending their savings or renting land. Using innovative theories and techniques inspired by classics, mathematics and the financial markets, it brings out the differences and similarities of behaviours with modern and historical comparators. The book looks at risk and return for both asset holders - the landlords and lenders - and those dependent on the use of those assets - the tenants and borrowers. In particular it quantifies the risks facing families, including climate variability. Issues such as wealth concentration, social mobility and the role of the aged and women in the financial markets are addressed. The analysis presented expands our knowledge of the nature of the financial markets, and from that examination a sharper insight into the nature of the economy of the Roman world is gained, making it clear that there was no single “market” economy, but different sectors, some of which were driven by reciprocity/redistribution and others by financially rational judgements.
The entry of diphtheria toxin into the mammalian cell cytoplasm: evidence for lysosomal involvement.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Lysosomotropic amines, such as ammonium chloride, are known to protect cells from the cytotoxic effects of diphtheria toxin. These drugs are believed to inhibit the transport of the toxin from a receptor at the cell exterior into the cytoplasm where a fragment of the toxin arrests protein synthesis. We studied the effects of lysosomotropic agents on the cytotoxic process to better understand how the toxin enters the cytoplasm. The cytotoxic effects of diphtheria toxin were not inhibited by antitoxin when cells were preincubated at 37 degrees C with toxin and ammonium chloride, exposed to antitoxin at 4 degrees C, washed to relieve the ammonium chloride inhibition, and finally warmed to 37 degrees C. The antigenic determinants of the toxin were, therefore, either altered or sheltered. It is likely that the combination of ammonium chloride and a low temperature trapped the toxin in an intracellular vesicle from which the toxin could proceed to the cytoplasm. Because lysosomotropic amines raise the pH within acidic intracellular vesicles, such as lysosomes, they could trap the toxin within such a vesicle if an acidic environment were necessary for the toxin to penetrate into the cytoplasm. We simulated acidic conditions which the toxin might encounter by exposing cells with toxin bound to their surface to acidic medium. We then measured the effects of lysosomotropic amines on the activity of the toxin to see if the acidic environment substituted for the function normally inhibited by the drugs. The drugs no longer protected the cells. This suggests that exposing the toxin to an acidic environment, such as that found within lysosomes, is an important step in the penetration of diphtheria toxin into the cytoplasm.
End-to-End latency in HAD applications using cloud technology

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the drive towards truly automated driving infrastructure data will play a substantial role, as it enhances the event horizon of the autonomous vehicle and enables the road operator to communicate strategic routing information. As infrastructure data is basically an aggregation of large data source systems, the guaranteed latency with which relevant information can be conveyed to the vehicle poses a challenge. This paper breaks up the downstream data chain from the infrastructure to the vehicle into its generic building blocks and focusses on the data throughput rate of the infrastructure database element. The achievable throughput rates are determined experimentally in a real life productive system during standard operation, the traffic information system of Austrian highway operator ASFINAG. The throughput rates through the main data gates have been made configurable and the timestamps for data passing through the individual software modules are recorded.
Measurement results for the configuration with the highest throughput rate show a mean latency of 2 to 6 seconds for traffic messages from infrastructure into the vehicle, excluding the time for event detection. The concept will be expanded to eventually determine and monitor latency through all building blocks of the data chain.
A Transformer Integrated Filtering System for Power Quality Improvement of Industrial DC Supply System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a transformer integrated filtering system (TIFS) for harmonic suppression in the industrial dc supply system. Designed for the electric environment with large current and severe harmonic contamination and the installation space with restricted planning area, the proposed TIFS has the merits of lower transformer loss, stronger ability in harmonic elimination, and higher integration of the electric equipment in the high-power industrial applications. The winding arrangement of the inductive filtering transformer with integrated reactor is introduced. Considering the influence of the residual weak coupling, the electromagnetic decoupling model of TIFS is established. Then, the interaction between the zero-impedance designed filtering winding and the decoupled winding is analyzed to determine the restricted range of the design parameter. The control strategy together with the transformer design method is further illuminated. At last, the prototype of TIFS is established in the laboratory. The experimental results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed filtering method.
Pacing Behavior Development of Youth Short-Track Speed Skaters: A Longitudinal Study

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Purpose This study aimed to analyze the development of pacing behavior of athletes during adolescence using a longitudinal design. Methods Lap times of male short-track speed skaters (140 skaters, 573 race performances) over two or more 1500-m races during Junior World Championships between 2010 and 2018 were analyzed. Races were divided into four sections (laps 1–3, 4–7, 8–11, and 12–14). Using MLwiN ( P < 0.05), multilevel prediction models in which repeated measures (level 1) were nested within individual athletes (level 2) were used to analyze the effect of age (15–20 yr), race type (fast, slow), and stage of competition (final, nonfinal) on absolute section times and relative section times (percentage of total time spent in a section). Results Between the ages of 15 and 20 yr, total race time decreased (−6.99 s) and skaters reached lower absolute section time in laps 8–11 (−2.33 s) and 12–14 (−3.28 s). The relative section times of laps 1–3 (1.42%) and 4–7 (0.66%) increased and of laps 8–11 (−0.53%) and 12–14 (−1.54%) decreased with age. Fast races were more evenly paced compared with slow races, with slow races having a predominantly slow first half and fast finish. Athletes in finals were faster (2.29 s), specifically in laps 4–7 (0.85 s) and laps 8–11 (0.84 s). Conclusion Throughout adolescence, short-track speed skaters develop more conservative pacing behavior, reserving energy during the start of the race in order to achieve a higher velocity in the final section of the race and a decrease in total race time. Coaches should take into consideration that the pacing behavior of young athletes develops during adolescence, prepare athletes for the differences in velocity distribution between race types, and inform them on how to best distribute their efforts over the different stages of competition.
Distribution of c-erbB_2 Protein in the Rat′s Testis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The distribution of c erbB 2 protein in the rat′s testis has been investigated immunocytochemically.In spermatogenic epithelium and Leydig cells of the immature rats′ testis the c erbB 2 positive stain cells were not found. the c erbB 2 protein was localized in the round spermatids,spermatozoa and residual bodies of the mature rat′s convoluted seminiferous tubules.These results suggest that the activity of c erbB 2 may participate in the regulation of spermiogenesis.
Corporate Social Responsibility And Tax Avoidance: Evidence From Korean Firms

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study examines the relationship between corporate socially responsible (CSR) activities and tax avoidance using residual book-tax differences (BTD), year residual BTD and total BTD. Using a sample of 1,148 publicly listed Korean firms on Korean Stock Exchange (KSE) covering periods between 2004 and 2009 it finds that the firms with higher CSR activities are less likely to avoid taxes regardless which proxy of tax avoidance is used. This finding is confirmed with two stage least square (2SLS) method after accounting for endogeneity of CSR. It also tests how seven different CSR activities affect tax avoidance, and finds that social services, satisfaction of employees and contributions to economic development are negatively related to tax avoidance. Overall, the empirical results of this paper support the previous studies arguing the negative relationship between tax avoidance and CSR.
TUMOURS AND CYSTS OF THE MEDIASTINUM PART TWO*

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary. Twenty‐four cases of tumours and cysts of the mediastinum are described, and in‐clude two cases of posterior mediastinal goitre, 1 haemangioma, and 1 lymphatic cyst. A survey of the literature of some 600 tuniours and cysts has been made. A brief description of the various types tumours and cysts is given.
Comparative Analysis of Transient Dynamics of Large-Scale Offshore Wind Turbines with Different Foundation Structure under Seismic

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a structural dynamic response comparison between jacket foundation large-scale offshore wind turbines (OWTs) and monopile ones under wind and seismic loads is demonstrated. The interaction between flexible soil and pile foundation is described by Winkler soil-structure interaction (SSI) model. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5 MW large-scale OWT is studied via the finite element model. The structural transient dynamic response of these two structures under normal operating conditions at rated wind speed and earthquake is calculated. The results show that under the action of seismic and turbulent wind, the jacket has better wind and seismic resistance, and the displacement of the top of the tower is small, which can effectively protect the blades and the nacelle. Compared with monopile, the range of the Mises equivalent stress amplitude of the jacket wind turbine was reduced and the average value was decreased at the time of the seismic. The study also found that the existing jacket design will have a local strain energy surge.
Interpretation of Human Nature in the Kite Runner

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"The Kite Runner" is the first work of Afghan-American writer Khaled Hosseini, who has gained recognition in the world of literature with this work. He book was widely acclaimed by literary critics after its publication in 2003, topping the New York Times bestseller list for two years in a row, selling more than 7 million copies in the United States and 20 million copies worldwide in 42 languages. The novel tells the story of betrayal and redemption as two Afghan teenagers grow up. This paper focuses on the text of "The Kite Runner" as the primary object, utilizing close reading as the fundamental research method. It analyzes the choices made by characters in relation to human nature amidst the backdrop of war, and explores the influence of situational factors on these choices. This paper is divided into five parts. The introduction provides an overview of the author Khaled Hosseini, his masterpiece "The Kite Runner," and the research objectives and methods. In the first chapter, the author briefly narrated the story background of the kite runner and the introduction of the author. In the second chapter, the author analyzes the different human choices made by Amir, Hassan and Assef in combination with specific situations and character experiences, and explores the nature of human nature through the analysis of character images. The second chapter expounds the defects of human nature under the deformed education, discusses the choice of human nature and the betrayal of morality under the war-torn environment of Afghanistan, explores the dark side of human nature and the loss of human nature of Amir and Hassan. The third chapter details the causes and effects of the loss of humanity under the background of war. Personal growth and family, school, society imperceptibly education and formation of ideas to affect the choice of human nature. Khaled Husseini portrays the characters while also casting their souls, when we see some human defects in the characters, just like looking in the mirror, facing the reality of humanity, some people choose to escape, some choose to face, at the crossroads of humanity, our choices make us who we are now. Although Husseini lives in the peaceful soil of the United States, he does not forget that his native land is still in deep trouble with his Afghan compatriots and contributes to the reconstruction of Afghanistan. The author believes that Hosseini and his works are full of humanitarian light, and the revelation of human nature in The Kite Runner has deeper research significance. This paper cuts into the Kite Runner from the perspective of humanity, hoping to inject fresh blood into the Kite Runner and provide broader vision for the in-depth study of the work.
The Impact of National Culture on Mobile Commerce Adoption and Usage Intensity

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The usage of mobile commerce increases around the world. However, little is known about why adoption and usage of mobile commerce services differ across countries. We address this question by analyzing the impact of national culture on mobile commerce adoption and usage intensity. Using a dataset that comprises individual consumer survey data from 43 countries across six continents and country-level data on Hofstede’s six cultural dimensions, we study cross-cultural adoption and usage patterns pertaining three mobile commerce services, i.e. mobile banking, mobile shopping and mobile payment. Our results show that adoption and usage intensity are indeed affected by different cultural dimensions. Specifically, the adoption of mobile commerce services is negatively influenced by a country’s level of uncertainty avoidance, while consumers’ usage intensity is driven by indulgence. This implies that providers of mobile commerce services need to tailor their market entry and market cultivation strategies accounting for each country’s specific culture.
Zeolite catalyst deactivation by coking

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTZeolite catalyst deactivation by cokingChen Chih Lin, Sang W. Park, and William J. Hatcher Jr.Cite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1983, 22, 4, 609–614Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i200023a010https://doi.org/10.1021/i200023a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views796Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts