jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abstract P196: Association between Preeclampsia and Risk of Arrhythmias and Stroke: A Meta-analysis of 3,871,787 women patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Preeclampsia, a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy has been known to be associated with adverse outcomes including cardiovascular complications. However, data on the association between preeclampsia and the incidence of arrhythmias are sparse with limited literature to date. Objective: We sought to evaluate the association between preeclampsia and the risk of arrhythmias. Methods: We performed a systematic literature search on PubMed, Scopus, and Clinicaltrial.gov for relevant studies from inception until April 2024 without any language restrictions. Adjusted Hazard ratios (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled using a random-effect model. Results: A total of 4 studies with 3,871,787 women patients (86,452 women in the preeclampsia group and 3,785,245 women in non preeclampsia) were included in the analysis. Pooled analysis showed that women with preeclampsia were having a higher incidence of arrhythmias (aHR, 1.71 (95%CI:1.24-2.18), P<0.001), and stroke (aHR, 1.72(95%CI: 1.25-2.19), P<0.001) when compared with the non preeclampsia group of women. Conclusion: Our study shows that women with Preeclampsia were having a higher incidence of arrhythmias and stroke. Proper and timely cardiovascular assessment may benefit from morbidity and mortality.
Teaching Adult Second Language Learners Who Are Emergent Readers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Some second language (L2) learners are unique in that they bring low print literacy and limited formal schooling to the language learning enterprise. A range of personal, economic, historical, and political circumstances bring them to highly literate, industrialized societies where print literacy becomes not only desirable but necessary to earn a living and participate in a range of everyday activities. This article is a review of current research related to this population of learners for the purpose of informing educators about their particular teaching and learning needs. While the emphasis is on scholarship focused on adult L2 emergent readers, attention is also given to related research with bi- and multilingual children and monolingual adults who are not print literate. Finally, sociopolitical and historical issues are touched upon with regard to broader policy matters that may have contributed to or perpetuate low print literacy.
Adult Triage in the Emergency Department: Introducing a Multi-Layer Triage System

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Emergency department (ED) triage is the cornerstone of ED operations. Many different triage systems have been proposed and implemented globally. To date, an ideal triage system has not yet been identified. As the burden on EDs rises, with overcrowding being recognized as a universal problem, ED triage needs to be restructured to address this reality. Extensive and critical literature research over the years has identified the strengths and weaknesses of current ED triage implementations. A novel multi-layer triage system was introduced and implemented in Greek Eds, combining the strengths of various triage and early warning systems and scores to minimize under-triage and the adverse downstream effects it creates on patient outcomes. Acknowledging that no triage system can be universally adapted in different settings, the structural concepts of this triage system address most of the triage problems currently reported in the literature.
Coronary Stenting in Clinical Practice: Patient Profile, Immediate Outcome, Clinical and Angiographic Follow-up in 243 Consecutive Patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to assess immediate outcome and long term results in unselected consecutive patients (pts) representing a spectrum of clinical and angiographic subgroups and stent designs. RESULTS: From first implantation in November 1989 through to October 1995, 243 pts underwent coronary stent insertion (307 stents, males n=188, females n=55, mean age 57.8 years. Palmaz-Schatz stents were implanted in 210 pts, Wiktor in 30 pts, both in 3. Bailout stenting was performed in 11 patients. Overall procedural success was 97%. Complete revascularization was achieved in 155 (64%) patients. Stenting of an infarct-related artery within 6 hours of an acute myocardial infarction was performed in 6 patients, and for unstable angina in 107. Pre-procedure 223 (92%) pts had class III/IV angina. Stenting of 11 vein grafts and 5 left main arteries was performed. Subacute stent thrombosis occurred in 13 (5%) pts while 6 (2.5%) pts died in hospital, and 8 (3%) had a Q-wave myocardial infarction. At a mean (SD) 7.3 (12.9) months follow-up 233 (96%) pts were alive, 213 (91%) had no or mild angina. Angiographic follow-up in 201 (83%) pts at 19 (30) weeks showed a 13% in stent restenosis rate. CONCLUSIONS: In an unselected, consecutive series of patients undergoing coronary stenting, mortality was low, procedural success was high and late clinical and angiographic results were satisfactory. Subacute stent thrombosis, though uncommon remains a challenge.
Damping control of rehabilitation robot for upper limbs

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Active motions of upper limb is an absolutely necessary and effective means for paralysis patients recovery. This paper describes a force based active rehabilitation method supplied by an wearable exoskeletal rehabilitation robot. In order to predict motion intention of patients accurately, static model of the robot is built. Random Sample Consensus is introduced to calibrate static parameters. On this basis, terminal force control method based impedance control theory is study for the robot motions. Experimental results show that the proposed active damping rehabilitation strategy can be applied to patients after stoke at different recovery stage.
Routing Recovery Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network Based on PSO-ACO and Neural Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are one of the most promising technologies for managing the energy of sensor nodes installed for monitoring physical or environmental variables in a specific field. Effective routing protocols, on the other hand, can improve network performance in terms of energy efficiency, network longevity, throughput, and latency, among other things. WSN's performance may deteriorate due to internal and external concerns, necessitating a network redesign. To tackle such circumstances, we offer a scheme for enhancing WSN lifetime that combines two basic nature-inspired optimization techniques, ACO and PSO, where ACO stands for ant colony optimization, and PSO for particle swarm optimization. The combination of both helps to optimize the network by using NN. This NN indicates a neural network that is based on an artificial intelligence technique. We have shown that the suggested system outperforms existing protocols in terms of several metrics, such as throughput, delay, and so on, as evidenced by simulation results. Using the network simulator OMNNET++, the suggested design is simulated.
Supercritical fluid extraction as a useful method for pesticides determination

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Despite attractive features (rapid extractions, small solvent volumes, non-toxicity of CO 2 , potential of selectivity depending on the fluid density, relatively clear and concentrated ex t ra c t s , p o s s i ble coupling with ch romatography and automation), the use of SFE in routine analytical ap p l i c ations is a rather slow process.Indeed, t h e major drawback of this recent technique is the large number of parameters to control and optimize, which results in time re q u i red for developing a new method.In add i t i o n , t h e extraction conditions are strongly dependent on the matrix to be extracted, so that parameters need to be adjusted for every new application.D e t e rm i n ation of pesticides remains a ch a l l e n ge fo r mainly three reasons: the wide variety of physicochemical properties and chemical structures of pesticides, the many possible matrices that should be investigated, and the trace c o n c e n t rations at wh i ch pesticides are usually pre s e n t .Recent papers reviewed environmental applications of SFE [1,2], especially with regards to the extraction of the main classes of pesticides [3][4][5].As SFE perfo rmances are strongly dependent on the nature of the sample, this article will consider the matrices that have been submitted to SFE for pesticides determination. Principle of SFEA fluid is in its supercritical state when both its pressure and temperature are above their critical value (when only one c ritical value is at t a i n e d, the fluid is said subcri t i c a l ) .Supercritical fluids possess unique properties, intermediate between gas and liquids properties [6][7][8][9][10].In particular, their high diffusivity allows for rapid extractions.In addition, the fluid density may be precisely adjusted, by a correct choice of both pressure and temperature.
Relevantt features of a full mission navigational and shiphandling simulator

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper deals with relevant features of a sophisticated navigational and particular goals to be achieved in the use of the simulator have been defined from the nautical point of view. in order to fully satisfy the previously quoted objectives, a basic requirement has been set, i.e. each simulation exercise and act should be supporetd by a through listing of selected numerical and graphic data. Together with it, some minimum operational requirements for such a simulator have been placed.
Extraction of neutrino Yukawa parameters from displaced vertices of sneutrinos

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study displaced signatures of sneutrino pairs potentially emerging at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in a Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model supplemented with right-handed neutrinos triggering a Type-I seesaw mechanism. We show how such signatures can be established through a heavy Higgs portal in the presence of both leptonic and hadronic decays of the sneutrinos. We finally illustrate how the Yukawa parameters of the latter can be extracted from fitting kinematical quantities pertaining to the corresponding two displaced vertices, thereby characterising the dynamics of the underlying mechanism of neutrino mass generation. We show our numerical results for the case of both the current and High-Luminosity LHC.
Refinement strategies for verification methods based on datapath abstraction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we explore the application of counter-example-guided abstraction refinement (CEGAR) in the context of microprocessor correspondence checking. The approach utilizes automatic datapath abstraction augmented with automatic refinement based on 1) localization, 2) generalization, and 3) minimal unsatisfiable subset (MUS) extraction. We introduce several refinement strategies and empirically evaluate their effectiveness on a set of microprocessor benchmarks. The data suggest that localization, generalization, and MUS extraction from both the abstract and concrete models are essential for effective verification. Additionally, refinement tends to converge faster when multiple MUses are extracted in each iteration.
"In the general interest of peace" - British international lawyers and the Spanish civil war

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The first section of this study examines the establishment of the international non-intervention agreement and of the London Committee and their combined neutralizing effect on the League of Nations in the light of a series of underlying factors, including the European powers´ leaning towards neutrality in the late interwar period. The second section reviews the core issues and different doctrinal positions present in the international legal debates triggered by the Spanish Civil War. It pays particular attention to the contributions of the first two British judges at the International Court of Justice, A. D. McNair (1946-1955) and H. Lauterpacht (1955-1960) to these debates. Their writings can be seen as respectively representative of the two stages through which British international lawyers went in the international legal debates on the Spanish Civil War. Upto early 1938, British International lawyers adopted a characteristically apologetic approach to the policy undertaken by the British Government on the advice of the British Foreign Office. The second stage, from early 1938 to the end of the Spanish Civil War in March 1939, was in turn informed by a “practitioner´s approach” to the analysis of the domestic cases brought before the British courts as a result of the hostilities. The article concludes with a brief analysis of the case for British “benevolent neutrality to the Nationalists”26 in the Spanish Civil War, reviewing the underlying motives which historians have highlighted as lurking behind the British-led non-intervention policy in the Spanish Civil War.
Co-expression of dopamine D1 receptors and muscarinic M4 receptors in the whole brain

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The dopamine D1 receptors (D1R) and the muscarinic acetylcholine M4 receptors (M4R) mediate important functions in the brain such as motor and reward systems. The two receptors interact to balance each other's functions, especially in the striatum where they are the most concentrated. In this study, multiple means of visualizing D1R and M4R are compared, including confocal microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and light-sheet microscopy. Brains from transgenic mice carrying fluorescent proteins Chrm4-eGFP and Drd1-tdTomato were used to determine the projections of the neuronal network whereby these two receptors are co-expressed and colocalized. The brains were also imaged in 3D via light-sheet microscopy, to provide a visual map of D1R and M4R expression. The chemical clearing methods (CUBIC, iDISCO, FDISCO) with their imaging solutions were compared and evaluated in light-sheet microscopy. --Author's abstract
Effects of a photo-assisted electrochemical etching process removing dry-etching damage in GaN

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We investigated the ability of a photo-assisted electrochemical (PEC) etching process to remove the damage that dry etching causes in the near-surface region of GaN samples. The process consists of anodic oxidation of the GaN surface and subsequent dissolution of the oxide with a chemical treatment, and the extent of the PEC reactions depends on the total charge density transferred in them. The PEC process was conducted for samples prepared with various dry-etching conditions followed by fabrication of Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) and metal-insulatorsemiconductor (MIS) capacitors. The PEC process greatly improved the barrier height, ideality factor, and reverse leakage current of SBDs. Capacitance-voltage measurements of MIS capacitors revealed that the densities of interface states and discrete traps were both reduced by the PEC process. The results obtained here show that the PEC process can remove dry-etching damage from the GaN surface. (C) 2018 The Japan Society of Applied Physics
Development of Controlling in Postindustrial Economy: Tools and Techniques

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This article highlights the development of controlling in a historical retrospective. The periodization of controlling allocates two basic steps: 1accounting primitiveness (the priority control function of accounting, primary documents are financial statements); 2 accounting differentiation (emergence of double-entry accounting, complexity of the methodology, the emergence of information function and the science of accounting). The attention is paid to a contribution of national accounting schools (Italian, French, German, Anglo-American, Russian) to the formation and development of controlling. The main instruments of expeditious and strategic controlling are considered. Tools are considered in a section of management accounting and the administrative analysis. The attention is also paid to the indicator systems within the controlling. At application of not projective method, there is a search of the necessary decision thanks to overcoming the psychological inertia consisting in aspiration to solve a problem in the traditional way.
Numerical implementation of the microplane constitutive model for shape memory alloys

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With the advent of shape memory alloys, several industrial applications were proposed due to their superior mechanical and biological properties. Since the fabrication and characterization of shape memory alloy devices is challenging and expensive, it is necessary to simulate their thermomechanical responses before fabrication. To do so, a powerful constitutive model capable of simulation of the important features of these materials is necessary. To be able to simulate a shape memory alloy device, it is vital to implement a suitable constitutive model in such a way to be used in finite element models. In this paper, an existing constitutive model based on microplane theory is numerically implemented and the effects of stress increment, different numerical integration formulas, and loading direction on the thermomechanical response of shape memory alloy is investigated through superelastic and shape memory proportional and nonproportional loadings. The obtained results show that the stress increment may have significant effect on the results if the forward Euler scheme is utilized. In addition, for the case of numerical integration over the surface of a unit hemisphere, 61 points integration formula without orthogonal symmetry provides the best results while 21 orthogonally symmetric one is the most inaccurate one. Also, the orthogonally symmetric numerical integration formulas predict the isotropic material response while those without orthogonal symmetry predict a little anisotropy.
Assessment of Surgeon Variation in Adherence to Evidence-Based Recommendations for Treatment of Trigger Finger

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study found substantial surgeon-level variation in adherence to evidence-based treatment of trigger finger. Surgeon specialty and volume were associated with differences in adherence. Efforts to understand surgeon barriers to implementation, regardless of physician specialty, appear to be necessary, and better implementation strategies may permit increased uptake of evidence-based treatment of trigger finger.
Rosarito III Power Plant Expansion: Design Build of the Cooling Water Intake Works and Pipeline

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the design-build pipeline case history and lessons learned on the cooling water for the power plant expansion in Rosarito, Baja California Mexico. The Owner is Alston Power and Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE). The Contractor is Meisener Marine and the designer is Parsons Corporation. The cooling water intake pipeline for the Rosarito Power Plant consists of 710 m (2,330 ft) of 2.9 m (9.5 ft) seafloor Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Pipe pipeline and five 2.4 m diameter intake heads as well as three maintenance access points. The intake is constructed in a seafloor trench with various armor rock sizes and tremie concrete armor. The main challenges included construction during high Pacific winter storms and the associated temporary cofferdam works. The main design challenge was configuring the intake to avoid sediment and air intrusion due to wave actions. This paper summarizes the design and construction challenges in the design-build setting.
Development of Frequency Weighted Model Reduction Algorithm with Error Bound: Application to Doubly Fed Induction Generator Based Wind Turbines for Power System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The state-space representations grant a convenient, compact, and elegant way to examine the induction and synchronous generator-based wind turbines, with facts readily available for stability, controllability, and observability analysis. The state-space models are used to look into the functionality of different wind turbine technologies to fulfill grid code requirements. This paper deals with the model order reduction of the Variable-Speed Wind Turbines model with the aid of improved stability preserving a balanced realization algorithm based on frequency weighting. The algorithm, which is in view of balanced realization based on frequency weighting, can be utilized for reducing the order of the system. Balanced realization based model design uses a full frequency spectrum to perform the model reduction. However, it is not possible practically to use the full frequency spectrum. The Variable-Speed Wind Turbines model utilized in this paper is stable and includes various input-output states. This brings a complicated state of affairs for analysis, control, and design of the full-scale system. The proposed work produces steady and precise outcomes such as in contrast to conventional reduction methods which shows the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.
AN EFFECTIVE BIAS-CORRECTED BAGGING METHOD FOR THE VALUATION OF LARGE VARIABLE ANNUITY PORTFOLIOS

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract To evaluate a large portfolio of variable annuity (VA) contracts, many insurance companies rely on Monte Carlo simulation, which is computationally intensive. To address this computational challenge, machine learning techniques have been adopted in recent years to estimate the fair market values (FMVs) of a large number of contracts. It is shown that bootstrapped aggregation (bagging), one of the most popular machine learning algorithms, performs well in valuing VA contracts using related attributes. In this article, we highlight the presence of prediction bias of bagging and use the bias-corrected (BC) bagging approach to reduce the bias and thus improve the predictive performance. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of BC bagging as compared with bagging, boosting, and model points in terms of prediction accuracy.
Evaluation in Imaging of CT System’s Calculation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

CT can perform tomography imaging of biological tissue and engineering materials without the destruction of the sample, using the absorption characteristics of the sample to the ray energy, thus obtaining the structural information of the sample. In the background of CT system, four questions are proposed. According to our subject to geometric data, images and other conditions to obtain the CT system, the distance between the center of rotation of the detector unit, the rotation of the 180 directions, and through the CT system parameters to solve information related to two different groups of images of unknown material. For Problem 1, with the Radon function in MATLAB and apply the given CT system parameters and the problems in Appendix 3 and Appendix 5 of the data, we get two 256 * 256 images. Then comparing the 5 given data and annexes 3, the unknown substance absorption rate of each point is sorted out. With proportion calculation, the absorption rate of the 100*100 image is obtained. Absorption rate of the corresponding point is sorted out by comparing with the ten positions in Figure 3. For Problem 2, since the parameters of the CT system have been iteratively iterated in Problem 1, the model is optimized step by step until the four bit after the decimal point does not change any more. Therefore, the accuracy and stability of the model can be guaranteed. The difference between the scanned images is not obvious since the ellipse edge is curve. We choose a diamond and a circle as the template to make the abrupt points of the scan pattern clearer and enhance the calibration coefficient, accuracy and stability.