jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Detection of Avian Bornavirus, Polyomavirus and Circovirus in biological samples, using PCR and RT-PCR technique, from psittacine bird with different clinical manifestation.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Os vírus são patógenos importantes na saúde das aves, podendo levar a surtos que ameaçam de forma significante a população destas. O Bornavírus aviário (ABV), o Circovírus (BFDV) e o Poliomavírus (APV) são os agentes virais mais comuns e que mais ameaçam os psitacídeos de cativeiro. O ABV é responsável pela doença da dilatação proventricular (PDD) em psitacídeos e outras aves, uma doença neurológica letal, que foi descoberta no início da década de oitenta na Europa e América do Norte. A primeira infecção por APV descrita em aves foi em periquitos australianos (Melopsittacus undulatus) jovens, sendo depois associada com elevada mortalidade e morbidade em outros psitacídeos. O BFDV é o agente causador da doença do bico e das penas de psitacídeos, que ocorre quase exclusivamente em psitacídeos, principalmente em criatórios, aves em quarentena e lojas de animais. Foram testadas 120 amostras de psitacídeos de cativeiro no Brasil, para BFDV e APV e 112 amostras para ABV, resultando em 21 (17,5%) aves positivas para APV, 41 (34,17%) para BFDV e 32 (28,57 %) para ABV. Entre os animais positivos, quatorze apresentaram infecção concomitante, sete foram positivos para BFDV e ABV, seis positivos para BFDV e APV e uma positiva para BFDV, APV e ABV. Dentre os animais positivos para BFDV, os sinais clínicos mais comuns encontrados foram apteria e apatia/anorexia, em relação às aves positivas para APV foram a apatia/anorexia, enquanto para ABV os sinais neurológicos foram os mais representados. A detecção de APV, BFDV e ABV demostra a ocorrência destes vírus testados em psitacídeos de cativeiro no Brasil, tanto em espécies exóticas como em espécies nativas.
Global Care Policy Index 2022 Country Report: Bangladesh

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Bangladesh scored very poorly in the GCPI, with its overall score of 0.96 out of 10 placing it in the “Weak” band due to its extremely limited legal framework to protect both careworkers and unpaid caregivers. Bangladesh’s care policy architecture is primarily contained within a single piece of legislation – the Labor Act 2013. Domestic work is considered informal employment in Bangladesh, and as such, is not covered by labor laws. Social security benefits and minimal protections against forced labor and child labor are among the few rights provided to domestic workers.
Expression and significance of apoptosis-regulatory genes bcl-2 and bax in adrenals of adrenal medulla hyperplasia rat

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective To evaluate the roles of bcl-2 and bax gens in the pathogenesis of adrenal medulla hyperplasia.Methods The expression of apoptotic-related genes bcl-2 and bax protein in adrenal tissue of adrenal medulla hyperplasia rats was detected by using immunohistochemistry method.Results The number of the cellds positive for the expression of bcl-2 was 89.3±10.86 in adrenal medulla hyperplasia rats,significantly higher than that in the control group(21.2±7.65,P0.05).The number of the cells positive for the expression of bax was 16.1±4.62; while in the control group,the number was 54.8±9.31(P0.05).Conclusion Abnormal expression and regulation of apoptosis-regulatory genes play important roles in the development and progression of adrenal medulla hyperplasia,in which bcl-2 gene may take a larger part during the pathologic process and bax gene expression is restained in this meshwork.
The Influence of Forest Fragmentation and Landscape Pattern on American Martens and Their Prey

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Habitat fragmentation occurs when large tracts of an orginal habitat are replaced by smaller patches of two or more habitat types, largely through human activities. I studied the behavior of six measures of landscape pattern that seemed appropriate for quantifying fragmentation, and used these measures to investigate the effects of forest fragmentation on American martens (Martes americana) and their prey. The measures I selected were edge density, contagion, mean nearest neighbor distance between patches, mean proximity index, perimeter-area fractal dimension, and mass fractal dimension. To test the behavior of these measures with a variety of landscape patterns, I used a computer program to create nine series of increasingly fragmented landscapes that differed in the size and shape of patches, and in the way fragmentation was allowed to increase. Patch size changed the range of attainable values for all measures examined, and patch shape affected all measures except nearest neighbor distance and mean proximity index. The method in which fragmentation increased within each landscape series also affected all measures. None of the measures was able to differentiate between different spatial distributions of patches. To investigate the effects of forest fragmentation on martens and their prey, I selected 18 areas of mature forest habitat in Utah that differed in the amount of landscape heterogeneity due to natural openings and timber clearcuts. I conducted a live-trap survey of martens within each site over three summers from 1991-1993, and a 7-week snap-trap survey of small mammals within 12 of the sites in 1992. Martens were negatively correlated with increasing fragmentation, and mean proximity index was the strongest correlate with reductions in marten captures across sites (x2= 9.48, df= 1, P = 0.04). Capture rates of red-backed voles (Clethrionomys gapperi) also declined with increasing fragmentation (x2 = 4.66, df = 1, P = 0.03), while deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) capture rates increased (x2 = 6.12, df= 1, P = 0.01). Martens and voles both appeared sensitive to landscape pattern, with low numbers in areas having large, closely spaced patches of unforested habitat.
Sacred Memories: Creative Art Therapy for Children in Grief

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

<p>This paper explores the creative opportunities children might have to attend to their emotions and feelings following the death of a parent, grandparent or close friend. It presents the position that often children are left out of the process of caring for an adult when they are terminally ill and that has long term psychological implications. It also suggests that this has antecedents for the white New Zealand culture that were noted historically. Hospice palliative care services in New Zealand identify the need to be proactive in their holistic care for the family when a person is dying and this care must include the family which invariably includes children. In this research the author describes a personal journey that has shaped her current work as a hospice practice manager. She has chosen to highlight a neglected aspect in services in New Zealand. The writer explores literature in psychological aspects of removing children from the dying room, creative therapies and the importance of sacred memories for the living child to be enfolded in through their life. The need to create memory that will embrace the child as a cloak enfolds them in their crisis stimulated the writer to offer a text in the personal narrative form. This text is presented in this form to enable other clinicians to access their own memories as survivors of grief in their own families. Through enabling children and family to explore the importance of relating in the palliative phase of a person’s life journey it is suggested that doors open that build good memories for the survivors. I regard my specific form of interest as pursuing the idea of building memory creative ‘corners’ and fun experiences for children at my work. The reasons why such an experience would be beneficial now and in the future for children and their families will be the focus for conducting my literature research. Children were important in the final days of her father’s life. He directed the family to accept the roles he saw would be theirs. Memories became their treasures.</p>
SOURCE MECHANISM AND SIZE OF THE 24 APRIL 2002 ML 5.2 GNJILANE (KOSOVO) EARTHQUAKE

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A b s t r a c t: The 24 April 2002 ML 5.2 Gnjilane earthquake was studied first through inversion of the Sg – Lg wave group displacement amplitude spectrum and P-nodal planes determination. The seismic moment, source spectrum corner frequency and Brune equivalent circular fault surface for this shock were obtained, respectively, as M0 = 6.48·1016 N·m, f0 = 0.59 Hz and Σs,eq = 15.2 km2. The P-nodal planes for the four strongest aftershocks and the distribution of other aftershocks’ epicentres were determined, too, and used in identifying the actual source mechanism of the main shock by a simple method that included also the vertical projections on the Earth’s surface of the main shock Σs,eq with the two main shock P-nodal planes as possible fault planes. It was found that the main shock was caused by a normal right lateral faulting in a plane which struck with an azimuth of 238° and dipped toward NNW under an angle of 22°. This faulting was associated with the shear stressed fault structure along the Pliocene-Quarternary sinking valley of Binačka Morava, and it led to activations of other ruptures as sources of a significant number of aftershocks.
Plagiarism, politics, science, sport: forced (?) parallels attempt

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Polazeci od recentnih rasirenih primjera objeda za plagiranje visokopozicioniranih politicara u Njemackoj, Mađarskoj, Rumunjskoj i Hrvatskoj, rad pokusava rasclaniti slicnosti obrazaca ponasanja i etike pri plagiranju i u politici, pri cemu uzima u obzir izvorne ideale bavljenja politikom i njihovo dezavuiranje u modernoj praksi. U okviru druge pod-teme, pozornost se posvecuje slicnostima plagiranja u znanosti prema dopingu u sportu, sto zakljucke vodi prema sirem razmatranju uzroka epidemijskih zloporaba suvremene kliseizirane znanosti.
Improving ROSE: Discrepant touch preparation and histology findings in cytology of renal masses: A 10‐year retrospective review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The number of “renal incidentalomas” is on the rise due to increasing use of radiologic studies. Image‐guided core needle biopsies (CNB) with touch preparations are performed to guide specimen collection and triage of sample for additional studies. Results allow the clinical team to make appropriate treatment decisions. Design Our electronic database was searched for a 10‐year period to identify 180 image‐guided biopsies of renal masses with rapid on‐site evaluations (ROSE) and corresponding biopsy/resection specimens. Touch preparations were classified as non‐diagnostic, negative/benign, adequate/positive for malignancy/oncocytic predominance, or atypical. These results were compared to the final diagnosis on the biopsy or resection specimen (if available). Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were determined. Non‐diagnostic cases and cases in which ROSE and final diagnosis were discordant were reviewed by cytopathologists blinded to the original interpretation to reconcile discrepancies and highlight interpretation pitfalls. Results A ROSE diagnosis was rendered in 133 of 180 cases; 47 cases were non‐diagnostic. Of the 133 diagnostic cases, the ROSE diagnosis was concordant with the core biopsy final diagnosis in 125 cases, yielding a diagnostic accuracy of 94%. The overall sensitivity was calculated to be 80.1%; specificity 72.4%; positive predictive value 94%; and negative predictive value 41.2%. Conclusions Touch preparation slides are vital but imperfect tools in evaluating renal masses. In our study, distinction between malignant and benign samples was accomplished in most cases (94% accuracy), but there are limitations. Awareness of interpretation pitfalls allows informed decisions to be made regarding specimen collection and patient management.
The Cognitive Interview, exploring its effectiveness in the UK and Mexico

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Eyewitnesses are interviewed by police officers or other law enforcers in a bid to obtain information to help solve a crime. The Cognitive Interview (CI) was developed by Geiselman and Fisher (and colleagues) in the 1980‟s, as an alternative to the existing interviews. Research on the CI has demonstrated its ability to enhance eyewitnesses‟ memory recall (see Köhnken, Milne, Memon, & Bull, 1999; Memon, Meissner, & Fraser, 2010 for reviews). The present thesis aimed to expand our understanding of the CI, specifically its effectiveness in a sample of participants from Mexico. It compared willingness to report crime and memory performance between participants from the UK and Mexico. A series of four studies were conducted on university students. Study 1 examined participants‟ willingness to report a crime in the UK and Mexico. Study 2 compared the performance of CI mnemonic techniques used in different combinations in participants from the UK and Mexico. Study 3 examined the effectiveness of a Modified Cognitive Interview and a control interview for positive, neutral and negative events amongst participants from the UK and Mexico. Study 4 explored the impact of misleading information on memory recall through a CI and a control interview in participants from Mexico. The results highlight some key findings: a) participants from Mexico are less willing to report a crime and report fewer details of the event than participants from the UK, b) combinations of the CI mnemonic techniques can reduce interview duration while maintaining a high level of memory recall, c) a misinformation effect was found following the introduction of misleading postevent information regardless of interview type and d) the emotional valence of an event overclouds the enhanced memory recall effect of a MCI. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed, as well as limitations and further research suggestions.
Implementation of virtual reality in foreign language teaching

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article highlights the main features of the virtual educational environment, the advantages and formats of using virtual reality in learning a foreign language. The purpose of the article is to study the role and possibilities of virtual reality as a necessary component in learning a foreign language. The methodological concept is aimed at shaping the role and capabilities of virtual reality as a necessary component in foreign language learning. The results of the study show the importance of the main modules of the multimedia virtual environment for learning cultures and languages in institutions of higher education; the technology of writing a pedagogical script for a computerized course is proposed for the design of distance courses for learning a foreign language, the construction of a high-quality virtual language environment, and the methods of using virtual reality tools are presented. The experimental work was devoted to the study of the role and possibilities of virtual reality as a necessary component in learning a foreign language; the degree of change in the memory of students of higher education, operational characteristics of thinking, perception in the process of using virtual reality educational programs. The change of attention, which is closely related to the functioning of cognitive processes, was also studied.
Cognizance of Visual Design Management in Life-Cycle Project Management

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a unique approach to information management within a life-cycle project management model. Focus is shifted from the delivery of the physical facility to the creation of a business to service the project objectives employing concurrent engineering/construction approaches. Typical life-cycle objectives are life-cycle cost and net worth, or cost/worth ratio. The definition and broad design of the facility and its components will be a collective responsibility, discharged by composite teams whose members are drawn from the respective participants. Their inputs are evaluated in real time against the above objectives. The traditional responsibility for detailing and conformity to the relevant codes and standards will still reside with the relevant design professionals. This paper introduces a visual design management system that has been developed to reflect the fundamentals of information and design management within the life-cycle project management paradigm.
Cellular and Network Models for Intrathalamic Augmenting Responses During 10-Hz Stimulation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Bazhenov, Maxim, Igor Timofeev, Mircea Steriade, and Terrence J. Sejnowski. Cellular and network models for intrathalamic augmenting responses during 10-Hz stimulation. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 2730–2748, 1998. Repetitive stimulation of the thalamus at7–14 Hz evokes responses of increasing amplitude in the thalamus and the areas of the neocortex to which the stimulated foci project. Possible mechanisms underlying the thalamic augmenting responses during repetitive stimulation were investigated with computer models of interacting thalamocortical (TC) and thalamic reticular (RE) cells. The ionic currents in these cells were modeled with Hodgkin-Huxley type of kinetics, and the results of the model were compared with in vivo thalamic recordings from decorticated cats. The simplest network model demonstrating an augmenting response was a single pair of coupled RE and TC cells, in which RE-induced inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) in the TC cell led to progressive deinactivation of a low-threshold Ca 2+ current. The augmenting responses in two reciprocally interacting chains of RE and TC cells depended also on γ-aminobutyric acid-B (GABA B ) IPSPs. Lateral GABA A inhibition between identical RE cells, which weakened bursts in these cells, diminished GABA B IPSPs and delayed the augmenting response in TC cells. The results of these simulations show that the interplay between existing mechanisms in the thalamus explains the basic properties of the intrathalamic augmenting responses.
Standing genetic diversity and selection at functional gene loci are associated with differential invasion success in two non‐native fish species

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Invasive species are expected to experience a unique combination of high genetic drift due to demographic factors while also experiencing strong selective pressures. The paradigm that reduced genetic diversity should limit the evolutionary potential of invasive species, and thus, their potential for range expansion has received little empirical support, possibly due to the choice of genetic markers. Our goal was to test for effects of genetic drift and selection at functional genetic markers as they relate to the invasion success of two paired invasive goby species, one widespread (successful) and one with limited range expansion (less successful). We genotyped fish using two marker types: single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNP s) in known‐function, protein‐coding genes and microsatellites to contrast the effects of neutral genetic processes. We identified reduced allelic variation in the invaded range for the less successful tubenose goby. SNP s putatively under selection were responsible for the observed differences in population structure between marker types for round goby (successful) but not tubenose goby (less successful). A higher proportion of functional loci experienced divergent selection for round goby, suggesting increased evolutionary potential in invaded ranges may be associated with round goby's greater invasion success. Genes involved in thermal tolerance were divergent for round goby populations but not tubenose goby, consistent with the hypothesis that invasion success for fish in temperate regions is influenced by capacity for thermal tolerance. Our results highlight the need to incorporate functional genetic markers in studies to better assess evolutionary potential for the improved conservation and management of species.
[Multiple primary tumors complicating prostatic cancer].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Postmortem examination of 600 cases of prostatic cancer established concomitant malignancies at other sites in 3.5%, the latter being mostly gastrointestinal carcinomas. Most tumors were synchronous, whereas only 4 out of 21 were metachronous ones. Among the 17 cases of synchronous tumors, prostatic carcinoma was the main pathology in 11, competing-2 and a concomitant one in 4 cases. Out of 17 cases, both tumors were diagnosed intravitally only in 4, one tumor-8 and none-in 5 cases. Among 32 (5.3%) cases of concomitant benign lesions, there was one in which bleeding from an ulcerated glomus tumor of the stomach was the immediate cause of death.
Correctness checking of pervasive behaviour by mapping task models to petri nets

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Context-Adaptive Task models are a state-of-the-art executablemodelling language to develop pervasive computingsystems. Although these models have proven to be successfulin the automation and support of user daily tasks, they donot provide a proper checking for ensuring the correctnessof the designed systems. In this paper, we investigate anddefine mappings to translate the task models into ColouredPetri Nets (CPN), a formalism that provides powerful techniquesfor simulation and verification. By using these mappings,task models can be translated to their equivalent CPnets, enabling that the systemâ€™s behaviour described in thetask models can be exhaustively checked at design time toensure a proper system execution at runtime.
I Am the Future: Machine Learning in Action

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As the acceptance of fresh or renewed technologies like machine learning and artificial intelligence gains momentum, companies are revisiting their understanding of their business requirements. In order to recognize the business functions and business need that will lead to the highest value, decision makers have shown the readiness to invest in fresh technologies. During this journey, most of them discover that these technologies have huge value and potential. They also learn, that without disruption, their businesses will fail.
[Serotonin mediated synaptic transmission of inferior mesenteric ganglion of the guinea pig].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

By means of intracellular recording technique, it was observed that: (1) Application of serotonin (5-HT) caused in a portion of the neurons of the guinea pig inferior mesenteric ganglia (IMG) a slow depolarization similar to non-cholinergic late slow excitatory postsynaptic potential (ls-EPSP). (2) Prolonged superfusion of 5-HT markedly suppressed the ls-EPSP in 5-HT sensitive neurons. (3) The ls-EPSP elicited in 5-HT sensitive neurons as well as the 5-HT depolarization could be enhanced by fluoxetine 5-HT reuptake inhibitor; In contrast, the ls-EPSP of 5-HT insensitive neurons was not appreciably changed by this drug. (4) Pretreating the guinea pigs with para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), a 5-HT biosynthesis inhibitor, markedly reduced the occurrence rate and amplitude of ls-EPSP. These results indicate that ls-EPSP of the guinea pig IMG is possibly mediated by several transmitters including 5-HT.