jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abstract 672: Differential effects of p53 mutations on cancer invasion and metastasis in a mouse model of colon cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Inactivation of the APC (adenomatous polyposis coli) tumor suppressor gene plays an important role in initiating most adenomas and colorectal cancers (CRCs). Somatic mutations in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene and KRAS oncogene are found in roughly 60% and 40% of CRCs, respectively, and contribute to tumor progression. In the vast majority of human CRCs, TP53 missense mutations lead to high levels of mutant p53 protein expression and the loss of the other wild type TP53 allele. To evaluate the role of TP53 missense mutations in CRC progression, we generated a genetically engineered mouse model of colorectal carcinoma, via combined targeting of Apc, Kras, and Trp53 alleles in mouse colon epithelium, focusing on comparing phenotypic effects of the murine equivalent of the human R273H mutation (i.e., murine R270H mutation) or a large deletion mutation of mouse Trp53. Inactivation of one allele Apc and activation of an oncogenic Kras allele in colon epithelium generated serrated and hyperplastic morphologic epithelium and adenomas. The addition of either the R270H missense mutation or the Trp53 null mutation to the Apc and Kras mutations led to markedly shortened survival of the mice, due to the development of multiple colon tumors in each mouse ranging from adenomas to late stage adenocarcinomas. Evidence of invasion into the smooth muscle and serosa area was found in both compound mice with missense or deletion mutations in Trp53, with the Trp53R270H mutant mice displaying an increased prevalence of deeply invasive tumors relative to the mice with deletion of Trp53. Furthermore, we found that the missense mutant Trp53R270H allele in combination with Apc and Kras mutations, but not the null-mutant Trp53 allele, was strongly linked to metastases to lymph nodes and lung. We have developed a useful mouse model of metastatic colon cancer that recapitulates the role of TP53 mutations in cooperating with APC and KRAS mutations in human CRC development and progression. In addition, our findings strongly suggest a powerful role for missense mutant p53 proteins compared to TP53 null mutations in promoting invasion and metastasis in CRC progression. Citation Format: Ying Feng, Naoya Sakamoto, Maranne Green, Megan Greenn, Kathleen R. Cho, Eric R. Fearon. Differential effects of p53 mutations on cancer invasion and metastasis in a mouse model of colon cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 672.
Neuroprotective impacts of chrysin against clonazepam induced cognitive deficits in male rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Clonazepam associated hypothyroidism: Aforethought on a concealed dilemmaRupam Gill,Dipanjan Bhattacharjee,Navin A. Patil,Shripathy M. Bhat
Upper Cretaceous Bioturbated Fine-to-Medium Sands: a Problem for Deep-Water Exploration in Campos Basin, Offshore Brazil: ABSTRACT

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The presence of bioturbation in oil-prone turbidite deposits has detained a better exploration of upper Cretaceous siliciclastic reservoirs in Campos Basin. Bioturbated sandstones have degraded their permo-porosity with impact in oil production. They occur associated to unbioturbated sandstones with similar seismic amplitude, becoming difficult to separate them in seismic mapping. A comprehensive study in order to reduce the exploratory risk must consider firstly the recognition of genetic facies association through cores, and secondly the calibration of sonic well-logs and seismic velocity sections with rock data. This study deals with sedimentary facies association. The range of main facies in such reservoirs includes: (1) medium-to-coarse siliciclastic sandstone with cross stratification; (2) fine-to-medium massive sandstone with thin traction carpets, bioturbated by opportunistic ichnofabrics and, (3) bioturbated, muddy, fine-to-medium, quartz-feldspatic and glauconitic sandstone over 60 in thick. The genetic facies associations suggest that the sandwich reservoirs were formed by high density turbidite currents deposited en masse or by thin traction carpets. The bioturbated sandstone was originated by reworking of bottom currents rich in nutrients and oxygen. Detritic and biogenic glauconite covered and/or filled bioturbations indicate a basinward movement of the bottom currents. The successive alternation of high-energy with low-energy ichnofabrics reflects cyclic variations inmore » current velocities.« less
Hydrous and anhydrous melting experiments of an alkali basalt and a transitional tholeiite from the Oginosen volcano, Southwest Japan: The possible influence of melt depolymerization on Ca-Na partitioning between plagioclase and the melt

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

It has been well established that the exchange partition coefficient for the exchange of Ca and Na between plagioclase and silicate melts [Kd = (Ca/Na)pl/(Ca/Na)melt] increases with increasing water content in the melt, but its atomistic interpretation is not well developed. This work presents new experimental data on the partition coefficient in an alkali basalt and a transitional tholeiite from the Oginosen volcano, southwest Japan and discusses the possible role of melt polymerization in the variations of the partition coefficient. The experiments were conducted at 0.1 MPa, and hydrous 100 MPa and 200 MPa conditions. The partition coefficient at 0.1 MPa increases from 0.8-1.4 to 1.5-1.8 over a temperature increase from 1090 °C to 1190 °C in the transitional tholeiite, and from 1.2 to 1.7 for 1090 °C to 1150 °C in the alkali basalt. The partition coefficient increases up to 4.1-4.2 in the presence of 3.4-3.5 wt% water in the melt in both basalts. The variations of the Ca-Na partition coefficient between the plagioclase and the melt is interpreted in terms of the degree of polymerization of the melt. The degree of polymerization of the melt decreases with the increase of temperature and water content, both of which increase the Ca-Na partition coefficient. The anorthite content of the core of natural plagioclase phenocrysts in the alkali basalt is 63-66 mol%, suggesting crystallization under water-undersaturated conditions. In the transitional tholeiite, some of the cores of the plagioclase phenocrysts have An81-85, which is formed in a water-supersaturated run at 100 MPa and 1085 °C; however, the significance of the presence of An81-85 is unknown and must be investigated further.
A role of SH-compounds in maturation of melanosomes in cells cultured from nevus Ota.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A role of SH-compounds such as cysteine and glutathione in melanogenesis in dermal melanocytes cultured from Ota's nevus tissue was demonstrated in relation to another substrate, dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA). Chemical analysis of eumelanin and pheomelanin was performed in addition to the conventional electron microscopic observation. Supplements of the culture medium with each of these compounds separately for two weeks gave rise to the formation of pre-pheomelanosomes and secondary lysosomes or myelinosome-like inclusions. When DOPA and glutathione were added to the medium together, the maturation of melanosomes was promoted. This was proven by the increase in electron-density of pre-melanosomes observed as well as by the content of pheomelanin and eumelanin. However, mature melanosomes were not formed when each of these chemicals was added to the medium individually for the same periods. The melanosome maturation seemed to occur via a process involving secondary lysosomes or myelinosomes, in which more electron-dense particles accumulated in the presence of both reagents. The pheomelanosomal process was also observed, but typical eumelanosome-related processes were not observed in this culture system.
Post Kyoto Options for Belgium, 2012-2050

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This report examines possible post-Kyoto options for Belgium. Climate change is coming up again at the top of the policy agenda with the decision of the European Commission to reduce its GHG emissions by 20% by 2020. The analysis is done with the MARKAL/TIMES model, a partial equilibrium model for the energy system. It is a technico-economic model, which assembles in a simple but economic consistent way technological information (conversion-efficiency, investment- and variable costs, emissions, etc.) for the entire energy system. Two CO2 reduction scenarios for Belgium are analysed up to the horizon 2050, with and without the possibility of nuclear and carbon capture technologies. The scenarios analysed show that it is possible to attain very stringent CO2 reductions in Belgium. The welfare cost remains limited in the case of a -22.5% reduction in 2050 compared to 1990. The cost is 0.7% of GDP on an annual base but it can become more expensive and reaches up to 1.3% of GDP on an annual base, when the reduction is -52%. These costs are the costs within the energy system without considering any potential side benefits (reduction of other air pollutants and energy security) and assuming a CO2 tax or a permit system as policy instrument for achieving the CO2 reduction target, i.e. an efficient instrument.
Neoergasilus japonicus (Crustacea: Ergasilidae). A parasitic copepod new to Britain

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The copepod Neoergasilus japonicus, which is parasitic on fresh‐water teleosts, is recorded in Britain for the first time. Previous records of this species have been restricted to Eastern Europe and Asia. A key is provided to distinguish N. japonicus from other Ergasilidae found in Britain and a description of N. japonicus found in Britain is included.
Interhemispheric endoscopic resection of large intraventricular and thalamic tumors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A transfrontal route is the traditional endoscopic approach to intraventricular tumors. Small lesions can be biopsied using the parallel port channel of the endoscope. For larger tumors a ventriculoport can be used for resection. This technique nevertheless requires traversing the brain tissue, is difficult in the setting of small ventricles, and allows only limited mobility. The authors describe the endoscopic resection of large intraventricular tumors via an interhemispheric route using rigid suction with a mounted endoscope, and thus circumventing some of the problems with the traditional approach.
A Classification Algorithm to Improve the Design of Websites

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In very short time today web has become an enormously important tool for communicating ideas, conducting business and entertainment. At the time of navigation, web users leave various records of their action. This vast amount of data can be a useful source of knowledge for predicting user behavior. A refined method is required to carry out this task. Web usages mining (WUM) is the tool designed to do this task. WUM system is used to extract the knowledge based on user behavior during the web navigation. The extracted knowledge can be used for predicting the users’ future request when user is browsing the web. In this paper we advanced the online recommender system by using a Longest Common Subsequence (LCS) classification algorithm to classify users’ navigation pattern. Classification using the proposed method can improve the accuracy of recommendation and also proposed an algorithm that uses LCS method to know the user behavior for improvement of design of a website.
FemalePardosa milvinawolf spiders increase silk advertisements when in the presence of silk from courting males

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Female wolf spider silk is known to elicit searching and courtship behavior among adult males, however variation in the types of silk females deposit, the context in which it occurs, and the role of male silk in courtship displays and female responses has rarely been examined. We measured male Pardosa milvina (Hentz 1844) silk deposition while performing courtship displays. We then examined whether female silk deposition changes when encountering silk produced from a courting rather than a non-courting male and compared these conditions to female silk deposition in the absence of male silk. We measured the quantity of three different types of silk (draglines, cord silk, and attachment disks) deposited by females across substrates previously occupied by a courting male, a non-courting male, or no male. Females significantly increased attachment disk deposition in the presence of silk from a courting rather than a non-courting male. Females also showed elevated dragline deposition in the presence of male silk but whether or not the male was courting had no effect on dragline deposition. Female cord silk deposition did not vary across treatments. Courting males produced significantly fewer attachment disks than non-courting males while dragline and cord silk deposition did not vary. We conclude that females can discriminate between silk from courting and non-courting males and increase attachment disk deposition in the presence of courting males. The number of male attachment disks deposited may be one mechanism by which females can discriminate between silk produced by courting rather than non-courting males.
Hip fracture history and risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer: a Danish population-based study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Anna Lei Lamberg1,2, Anne Braae Olesen1,2, Annette &Oslash;stergaard Jensen11Department of Clinical Epidemiology, 2Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, DenmarkBackground: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with osteoporotic fractures, such as hip fracture. Sun exposure, the natural source of vitamin D, is the main risk factor for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In this study, we examined the association between a history of hip fracture and risk of BCC and SCC.Methods: We conducted a population-based case-controlled study using data on BCC and SCC cases registered in the Danish Cancer Registry from 1990&ndash;2005. For each case, we selected five population controls matched by age and gender. We used conditional logistic regression to compute odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), while adjusting for chronic diseases and socioeconomic status.Results: A history of hip fracture was associated with a decreased risk of BCC (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.85&ndash;0.94), which was most pronounced in cases of tumors on the trunk, extremities, or at multiple sites. We found no association for SCC (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.98&ndash;1.17).Conclusion: Our study showed an inverse association between history of hip fracture and risk of BCC, but not of SCC. Sun exposure, resulting in vitamin D synthesis, may explain the link between the two diseases.Keywords: hip fracture, vitamin D, sunlight, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Cellular mechanisms preventing sustained activation of cortex during subcortical high-frequency stimulation.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Axonal excitation has been proposed as a key mechanism in therapeutic brain stimulation. In this study we examined how high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of subcortical white matter tracts projecting to motor cortex affects downstream postsynaptic responses in cortical neurons. Whole cell recordings were performed in the primary motor cortex (M1) and ventral thalamus of rat brain slices. In M1, neurons showed only an initial depolarization in response to HFS, after which the membrane potential returned to prestimulation levels. The prolonged suppression of excitation during stimulation was neither associated with GABAergic inhibition nor complete action potential failure in stimulated axons. Instead we found that HFS caused a depression of excitatory synaptic currents in postsynaptic neurons that was specific to the stimulated subcortical input. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that axonal HFS produces a functional deafferentation of postsynaptic targets likely from depletion of neurotransmitter. PMID: 16554516
System identification for human motion control

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

System identification is an important tool to investigate human motion control. The goal of this study was to identify and address issues in system identification for human motor control and to investigate if linear time invariant system identification techniques are applicable to recorded mechanical and physiological data. During a posture maintenance experiment subjects had to minimize the deviations of the wrist, while a manipulator applied disturbances through a handle. We estimated frequency response functions and categorized and quantified the errors influencing the estimates. The relation between the position and force of the wrist was found to be highly linear and variations over time were the dominant source of error. The relation between the position changes at the wrist and the recorded signals from the brain was highly nonlinear. System identification techniques based on periodic multisine perturbation signals are a promising approach to investigate human motion control, even in the presence of inherent noise and nonlinearities.
The Boström‐Kugelberg pseudo‐isochromatic plates. How efficient is the third edition?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract. The third edition of the Boström‐Kugelberg pseudo‐isochromatic plates was printed to the best possible visual match with the second edition. Slight colour differences between the 2 editions initiated this study where 72 colour defectives and 57 normal trichromats were tested with the plates and classified with the aid of Nage&#x006c;̂s anomaloscope. Of the defectives, the plate test disclosed all but two anomalous trichromats. One normal subject was falsely classified as defective. The plates had to be shown twice according to the instructions since otherwise 13 of the 53 normals were misclassified. Three plates were shown to have low sensitivity; one is best used as a demonstration plate, and the other two can be deleted without lost efficiency. Forty‐eight of the colour defectives were also studied with Farnsworth's lantern. The correlation between the numbers of plate and signal errors was weak. All subjects who failed the lantern test made several plate errors, but 15 subjects who passed the lantern test, made two or more errors on the plate test. The outcome of the plate test does not give evidence of the subject̂s lantern test performance.
An overview of current methods to estimate carbon budget of terrestrial ecosystems

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The continued increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO_2) due to anthropogenic emissions (mostly by fossil burning and land use and land cover change) is believed to have caused significant changes in global climate and biology. Because terrestrial ecosystems play an important but ambiguous role in the global carbon budget, a prime focus of much research in the global change studies is on the carbon accounting of the terrestrial ecosystems. Despite carbon sequestration by terrestrial ecosystems has been thought to occur predominantly in the Northern Hemisphere, the magnitude, longitudinal distribution and dynamics of carbon sinks remain uncertain. To fully balance carbon budget, uncertainties in estimating carbon sinks / sources must be quantified that include soil respiration variations with temperature, terrestrial responses to climate change, major disturbances in forest ecosystems, and total amount of sequestrations by the global oceans and terrestrial ecosystems. Most of these uncertainties mainly result from the complexity of terrestrial ecosystems. To reduce uncertainties in carbon budget estimation, many methods have been developed in the past several decades. However, these methods may not necessarily result in uncertainties reduction, instead, they often constrain the generality of carbon estimates. The purpose of this study is to provide comprehensive review of current methods, specifically focusing on terrestrial ecosystems. Eight methods commonly used in estimating terrestrial ecosystem carbon budget were reviewed with respects to their merits and limitations that include 1) the whole-plant or soil chamber method, 2) forest inventory, 3) the eddy covariance techniques, 4) plant-soil C isotopes techniques, 5) land use and land cover change, 6) process-based modeling, 7) atmospheric tracer-transport modeling, and 8) remote sensing techniques. These methods were divided into two groups: bottom-up (or land-based) and top-down (or atmosphere-based). Generally, the bottom-up approaches are more appropriate in understanding and predicting changes in carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems. However, they are difficult to be scaled up to represent the regional or global terrestrial ecosystems. The top-down approaches, similarly, have the advantage of estimating carbon budget over large spatial areas, but provide little information about the processes. As each approach has its own limitations, results from each study often vary significantly and difficult to compare. It is suggested that a study be made to compare and analyze the results from different methods using a single dataset, which will provide some quantitative assessment of uncertainties from each method.
Integrating multimedia streaming from heterogeneous sources to JavaME mobile devices

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

SUMMARY Thanks to technological advancement, at present there exist many devices with multimedia support in our environment; among them, being mobile devices, which offer the ability to display video and audio resources from the palm of the hands, and even act as multimedia sources. However, the heterogeneity of such devices makes the multimedia integration difficult to get portable solutions. This problem is the focus of this document, which integrates environmental multimedia resources (IP cameras, Webcams, Aibo cameras and microphones) to be played in real time over Virtual Machines, in particular, using JavaME devices. We also present the techniques for generating multimedia streaming from the Virtual Machines accessing the cameras and microphones of mobile devices. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.