jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analysis of adverse drug reactions in our hospital

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: The purpose of this feature is to heighten awareness of specific adverse drug reactions(ADRs),to discuss methods of prevention,and to promote reporting of ADRs.Methods: Data collected in our hospital from Aug.2004 to Mar.2006 were classified and analyzed statistically.Results: There were 101 records involving with inpatients,counted for 91.8%.The majority of records described non-serious events while 1 ADR defined as serious.The most frequently reported individual ADR was anti-infective agents(85%).The consistently high reporting rate of ADR were seen in 4 organs/ systems,dominating the first 3 places were damages of skin,digestive and neural system shock,which were caused by factors including the chemical property.Conclusion: the preparation process,non-rational use of drugs should be monitored from different levels so as to avoid ADRs.
Faecal alpha 1 antitrypsin as a marker of gastrointestinal disease in HIV antibody positive individuals.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hypoalbuminaemia and diarrhoea are common complications of HIV infection and substantial causes of morbidity, but the specific intestinal pathologies that cause enteric protein loss have not been clearly defined. Two hundred and twenty stool samples from patients with a variety of HIV related conditions were analysed for faecal alpha 1 antitrypsin. Patients with intestinal Kaposi's sarcoma had a significantly raised faecal alpha 1 antitrypsin value and hypoalbuminaemia. A faecal alpha 1 antitrypsin value of greater than 0.3 mg/g wet stool has a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 76% for the diagnosis of intestinal Kaposi's sarcoma in HIV positive individuals. Patients with cytomegalovirus and bacterial enteritis had raised faecal alpha 1 antitrypsin values but levels were normal for all other intestinal pathologies compared with pathogen negative stool. The combination of faecal alpha 1 antitrypsin concentration greater than 0.2 mg/g, a negative stool culture for enteric bacteria, and the absence of palatal Kaposi's sarcoma has a sensitivity of 55% and specificity of 88% for the diagnosis of enteric cytomegalovirus infection.
Dino U-Net: Exploiting High-Fidelity Dense Features from Foundation Models for Medical Image Segmentation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Foundation models pre-trained on large-scale natural image datasets offer a powerful paradigm for medical image segmentation. However, effectively transferring their learned representations for precise clinical applications remains a challenge. In this work, we propose Dino U-Net, a novel encoder-decoder architecture designed to exploit the high-fidelity dense features of the DINOv3 vision foundation model. Our architecture introduces an encoder built upon a frozen DINOv3 backbone, which employs a specialized adapter to fuse the model's rich semantic features with low-level spatial details. To preserve the quality of these representations during dimensionality reduction, we design a new fidelity-aware projection module (FAPM) that effectively refines and projects the features for the decoder. We conducted extensive experiments on seven diverse public medical image segmentation datasets. Our results show that Dino U-Net achieves state-of-the-art performance, consistently outperforming previous methods across various imaging modalities. Our framework proves to be highly scalable, with segmentation accuracy consistently improving as the backbone model size increases up to the 7-billion-parameter variant. The findings demonstrate that leveraging the superior, dense-pretrained features from a general-purpose foundation model provides a highly effective and parameter-efficient approach to advance the accuracy of medical image segmentation. The code is available at https://github.com/yifangao112/DinoUNet.
A Novel l-Proline Catalyzed Biginelli Reaction: One-Pot Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones under Solvent-Free Conditions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A Novel efficient and simple synthetic protocol for the Biginelli reaction has been developed for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones in a one-pot three-component condensation of aldehydes, β-dicarbonyl compounds, and urea or thio-urea by using 10 mol % l-proline as the catalyst under solvent free condition.
Retracted: miR‐944 inhibits metastasis of gastric cancer by preventing the epithelial–mesenchymal transition via MACC1/Met/AKT signaling

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Micro RNA s (mi RNA s) are reported to play vital roles in tumor progression. Recently, miR‐944 was reported to play either an oncogenic or tumor suppressive role in human cancers. However, the expression of miR‐944 and its exact role in gastric cancer ( GC ) remain unknown. This study aimed to evaluate whether loss of miR‐944 could promote the epithelial–mesenchymal transition ( EMT ) of GC . Reduced expression of miR‐944 was identified in 40 pairs of human GC and matched normal tissues by qRT ‐ PCR . Reduced expression of mi‐944 was also observed in GC cell lines. Restoration of miR‐944 inhibited cell migration and invasion in MGC ‐803 cells, while its loss facilitated metastasis of SGC ‐7901 and BGC ‐823 cells. Notably, miR‐944 overexpression prohibited EMT of GC cells in vitro , while miR‐944 knockdown had the opposite effect. Bioinformatics software predicted that MACC 1 was a direct target of miR‐944. We observed negative regulation of miR‐944 on MACC 1 expression, and direct binding between miR‐944 and MACC 1 was verified by dual‐luciferase assays in HEK 293T cells. Restoration of MACC 1 resulted in promoted EMT and metastasis in miR‐944‐overexpressing MGC ‐803 cells. Loss of MACC 1 abrogated the effects of miR‐944 knockdown on EMT and metastasis of SGC ‐7901 cells. We also found that the Met– AKT pathway might be involved in MACC 1‐mediated EMT . In conclusion, miR‐944 acts as an inhibitor of EMT and metastasis of GC by targeting MACC 1. This study highlights the potential effects of miR‐944 in the prognosis and treatment of GC .
Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose metabolism in the adult population of the Basque Country, Spain

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aims To assess the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose metabolism in the Basque Country and their relationship with cardiovascular risk factors. Methods A population‐based, cross‐sectional, cluster sampling design study was carried out in an adult (≥18 years) Basque population. A total of 847 participants completed a questionnaire on personal and family medical history and lifestyle. Anthropometric variables and blood pressure were measured and biochemical analysis and an oral glucose tolerance test (75 g) were also performed. Results The total prevalence of diabetes was 10.6% (95% CI 8.65–12.95). Among them 6.3% (95% CI 4.79–8.22) had previously been diagnosed and 4.3% (95% CI 3.04–5.92) were not aware that they had diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance was present in 7.2% (95% CI 5.53–9.15) and impaired fasting glucose in 3.8% (95% CI 2.64–5.37) of the population. In total, 21.6% of the population had some type of glucose metabolism disturbance, with a higher rate among men (28.3 vs 16.3%; P <0.001) and with the rate increasing with age. Risk factors independently associated with the development of diabetes were: male sex [odds ratio 4.58 (95% CI 2.34–8.97)]; abdominal obesity [odds ratio 2.80 (95% CI 1.47–5.36)]; high triglyceride levels [odds ratio 2.46 (95% CI 1.26–4.81)]; hypertension [odds ratio 2.40 (95% CI 1.16–4.96)]; family history of diabetes [odds ratio 2.30 (95% CI 1.25–4.24)]; high LDL cholesterol levels [odds ratio 1.83 (95% CI 1.01–3.31)] and older age [odds ratio 1.08 (95% CI 1.05–1.10)]. Conclusions The prevalence of diabetes in the Basque Country was lower than in Spain and was independently associated with family history of diabetes and with cardiovascular risk factors such as abdominal obesity, hypertension, high LDL cholesterol levels and high triglyceride levels, which were also observed in those with prediabetes.
The significance of megakaryocyte size

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Normal guinea pig and human megakaryocytes in suspension were measured with an optical micrometer. The range of megakaryocyte diameters in both species was from 10 to about 65 micrometer. Approximately 20%-25% of megakaryocytes were smaLler than 20 micrometer in diameter and were mostly missed in past studies. However, virtually the entire population of megakaryocytes was larger than all but a very small percent of the other marrow cells. This size range and the existence of a visual threshold size between the megakaryocytes and nonmegakaryocytes were confirmed by flow cytometric analysis of fresh unfixed cells. On human bone marrow smears there was some flattening of all cell types, but the megakaryocytes were consistently at least minimally greater in size than almost all the nonmegakaryocytes. Normal marrow cells greater than 20 micrometer in diameter were always megakaryocytes. Cells 14–20 micrometer were still noticeably larger than the general marrow population; thus easily found, they could be examined for specific morphological criteria. Size, therefore, is a useful first criterion for the identification of megakaryocytes. The larger sizes of megakaryocytes were related to their greater DNA content per cell (polyploidy) compared to nonmegakaryocytes. The relationship between megakaryocyte size, ploidy, and maturation was examined by the simultaneous measurement for the first time of each of these parameters in the same cell. Maturation was quantitated by the new scheme based on the progressive changes in megakaryocytes nuclear configuration. Within each maturation stage the mean cell volume of guinea pig megakaryocytes doubled with each ploidy doubling. Within each ploidy group, the sizes of megakaryocytes increased with maturation stage. However, maturation and polyploidization appear to be linked; the data showed that 80% of the low ploidy (4N-8N) megakaryocytes were immature and that 95% of the platelet-shedding megakaryocytes were 16N-32N.
Integrated business model for dry bulk shipping industry : two-stage QFD model connecting customer requirements, quality characteristics and business strategies

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Currently, companies in the dry bulk shipping market are faced with increasingly intensive competition on a global scale. Given the highly fluctuating freight rates, it is important for dry bulk shipping companies to establish a strategic business model. However, no systematic analysis has been done yet on business models in the dry bulk shipping industry. Facing such a research gap, this research acts as a pioneer on designing business models for the dry bulk shipping sector
The expression of fungal CotH, human glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), and predicted miRNAs in macrophages and diabetic mice infected with Rhizopus oryzae

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The spore coat protein homolog (CotH) has been identified among virulence factors of Mucorales that mediate fungal invasion by glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) ligand on endothelial cells. The aim of this study was to examine the gene expressions of spore coat protein homolog 3 (CotH3) and GRP78, along with their target miRNAs, in infected human macrophages, mice models, and mucormycosis patients. To assess changes in the relative expressions of the GPR78 and CotH3 genes, this study used the real-time quantitative PCR method to quantify their target miRNAs in macrophages derived from human monocytes (monocyte-derived macrophages [MDMs]), mice models, and sinus tissue from diabetic patients with mucormycosis. In this study, expressions of GRP78 and CotH3 genes were elevated in infected MDMs and non-diabetic Balb/c mice infected with Rhizopus oryzae , and the expression of the GRP78 gene was upregulated in the non-infected diabetic mice. However, the infected diabetic mice displayed a decline in the GRP78 gene expression. Moreover, although the expression of the GRP78 gene increased in the sinus tissue of diabetic patients with mucormycosis, it significantly decreased in the same patients after treatment. The relative expression of hsa-miR-16–5p, hsa-miR-93–3p, and hsa-miR-335–5p was downregulated in the MDMs. The increased gene expression levels of CotH3 and GPR78 observed in infected macrophages provide insight into the mechanism of interactions between the pathogen and macrophages. Prolonged encounters lead to changes in the expression levels of CotH3 and GPR78 genes. IMPORTANCE The research delves into the intricate gene expression patterns of CotH3, a homolog of CotH, and GRP78 in human macrophages, mice models, and diabetic patients afflicted with mucormycosis. The study's findings underscore the pivotal role of diabetes in the host-pathogen interaction, revealing that diabetic conditions amplify the expression of the GRP78 gene, thereby escalating the risk of fungal invasion and growth. This research paper is crucial as it sheds light on the intricate mechanisms underlying mucormycosis infection and underscores the heightened vulnerability of diabetic individuals. By elucidating the roles of CotH3 and GRP78 in the infection process, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of mucormycosis pathogenesis and paves the way for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.
Detailed CNEL/Ldn roadway noise calculations vs. estimation methods

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Roadway traffic noise calculations of the community noise equivalent level (CNEL) and the day-night average sound level (Ldn) metrics are sometimes required for various federal, state, and local government permitting requirements. To complete calculations of these metrics, detailed hourly traffic data is needed and obtaining this data can sometimes be a challenge. This paper explores various estimation strategies that are sometimes employed for situations where this data is not available and compares the estimates against calculations using detailed hourly traffic data to assess their validity. Project examples are provided of various permitting efforts such as those in support of California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) documents, roadway projects at airports for Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) documents, and other local permitting requirements.
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY OBSTRUCTION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

During the past 15 years, 36 patients were hospitalized for arterial obstructive disease of the arm other than that arising from aortitis syndrome. Seventeen arterial reconstructions (two being repeat operations) in 15 patients with subclavian artery obstruction were performed with grafts of the great saphenous vein. Here, we review indications for surgery and surgical methods. When the obstruction was due to arteriosclerosis obliterans, we treated surgically only those patients (n=10) in whom the so-called subclavian steal syndrome caused brain ischemia. Axillo-axillary artery bypass was the operation of first choice because it causes less operative stress than the other usual methods, and because we found that the patency rate of the grafts was good. When as was the case for five patients with brachial plexus injury, revascularization was necessary, and we planned the operative method according to the region of obstruction. That is, when the obstruction was at the origin of subclavian arteries, carotid-subclavian artery bypass was performed. When the obstruction was at the distal part, vein transplantation was carried out. All grafts were patent and results were satisfactory in all five patients.
A Novel Strategy to Prevent Advanced Atherosclerosis and Lower Blood Glucose in a Mouse Model of Metabolic Syndrome

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis is the leading cause of mortality associated with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Insulin therapy is often needed to improve glycemic control, but it does not clearly prevent atherosclerosis. Upon binding to the insulin receptor (IR), insulin activates distinct arms of downstream signaling. The IR-Akt arm is associated with blood glucose lowering and beneficial effects, whereas the IR-Erk arm might exert less desirable effects. We investigated whether selective activation of the IR-Akt arm, leaving the IR-Erk arm largely inactive, would result in protection from atherosclerosis in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome. The insulin mimetic peptide S597 lowered blood glucose and activated Akt in insulin target tissues, mimicking insulin’s effects, but only weakly activated Erk and even prevented insulin-induced Erk activation. Strikingly, S597 retarded atherosclerotic lesion progression through a process associated with protection from leukocytosis, thereby reducing lesional accumulation of inflammatory Ly6Chi monocytes. S597-mediated protection from leukocytosis was accompanied by reduced numbers of the earliest bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells and reduced IR-Erk activity in hematopoietic stem cells. This study provides a conceptually novel treatment strategy for advanced atherosclerosis associated with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.
Parameter Identification and Dynamic Simulation of Lithium-Ion Power Battery Based on DP Model

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper chose the Dual Polarization equivalent circuit model to simulate the dynamic characteristics of lithium-ion battery. The relationship between the state of charge and open circuit voltage of battery was obtained based on an improved Hybrid Pulse Power Characteristic test. And then the parameters in the equivalent circuit model were identified effectively. The model was established in Simulink, and were verified in constant current and dynamic current conditions respectively. The results showed that the model can accurately reflect the static and dynamic characteristics of the battery, and the identified parameters have high precision.
The Debate Continued

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract After Rolland sent Freud a copy of his biographies of the Hindu saints, each man now had the other’s views on the psychology of mysticism firmly in hand, a state of affairs that led to the debate carrying over into a new phase of their correspondence. The essential letters of the latter are but two in number: Freud’s letter of January 19, 1930, and Rolland’s of May 3, 1931. Although Rolland’s letter was a response to both Freud’s analysis in Civilization and Its Discontents and his letter of January 19, 1930, it evoked no immediate counter from Freud. In fact, Freud never directly responded to the content of Rolland’s letter. However he did, with Rolland in mind, continue his reflections on mysticism in his New Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis (1933) and in his essay, dedicated to Rolland, entitled “A Disturbance of Memory on the Acropolis” (1936). Since there is no indication that Rolland ever responded to these texts, our exegesis of the late period will be very much a Freudian affair. We will find that the bulk of Freud’s reflections can be considered as a direct response to the arguments Rolland put forward in his biographies. Indeed, if one had to characterize Freud’s position of this period it would revolve around the theme of psychoana lytic perspectives on mystical intuition in art and religion, what Rolland in his critique of Morel referred to as the “mitigated” and “unmitigated” forms of mystical introversion. However, now that Rolland had unambiguously promoted a religious worldview, so too would Freud respond in kind. We may expect, then, not only continuities with his more positive assessment of poetic-mystical “intuition” but evaluations commensurate with the more reserved posture always taken by Freud when confronted with the claims and interpretations of institutional religion.
Cohesion in the Public Goods Game: The effect of sanctioning and the sanctioning system on cohesion

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study is to find out what the effects of sanctioning and the sanctioning system in the Public Goods Game are on a player´s feeling of cohesion. By means of experimental data, we compare the effects of receiving punishments and rewards, and we examine whether there is a difference between playing under the condition in which a sanction is implemented by an individual, the majority, or the unanimous decision of the group. A player in the latter two conditions might distribute a sanction that will not be implemented. Our results show that the more punishments a player receives, the stronger this player’s feeling of cohesion, while receiving sanctions in general has no effect. Furthermore, the feeling of cohesion is not influenced by playing in a certain decision rule condition, nor by the number of non-implemented sanctions. Lastly, we find that a player’s final profit has a positive effect on the feeling of cohesion.
Stationary Heston model: Calibration and Pricing of exotics using Product Recursive Quantization

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A major drawback of the Standard Heston model is that its implied volatility surface does not produce a steep enough smile when looking at short maturities. For that reason, we introduce the Stationary Heston model where we replace the deterministic initial condition of the volatility by its invariant measure and show, based on calibrated parameters, that this model produce a steeper smile for short maturities than the Standard Heston model. We also present numerical solution based on Product Recursive Quantization for the evaluation of exotic options (Bermudan and Barrier options).
Knowledge Management in Non-Governmental Organisations: A Partnership for the Future

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper explores Knowledge Management (KM) practices for use with portal technologies in Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). The aim is to help NGOs become true Civil Society Organizations (CSOs). In order to deal with more donors (at the top) and more beneficiaries (at the bottom), NGOs working in Humanitarian Aid and Social Development increasingly need systems to manage the creation, accessing and deployment information: within the NGOs themselves, between different NGOs that work together and, ultimately, between NGOs and Society as a whole. Put simply, NGOs are organizations that need an effective KM solution to tackle the problems that arise from both their local-global nature and from the difficulties of effective communication between and within NGOs and Civil Society. To address these problems, the underlying objectives, entities, activities, workflow and processes of the NGO will be considered from a KM framework. This paper presents the needs of a responsible, cooperative and participative NGO from a KM perspective, in order to promote the growth of Communities of Practice in local as well as in global network.