jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety of Guaifenesin-Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride-Codeine Phosphate Oral Solution

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of guaifenesin,pseudoephedrine hydrochloride- codeine phosphate oral solution in relieving cough,eliminating phlegm,relieving nasal stuffiness and other cold symptoms. METHODS:A total of 240 patients with cold symptoms(120 cases in trial group and another 120 cases in control group) were enrolled in our multicenter,randomized,double-blinded and parallel controlled study and treated with guaifenesin-pseudoephedrine hydrochloride-codeine phosphate oral solutionI or compound codeine phosphate liquor 10mL tid for(5±2)d.RESULTS:227(112 in trial group and 115 in control group) were the valid cases with completed trial.Compared with pre-treatment,both of the 2 groups had a significant improvement in symptoms including cough,expectoration and nasal stuffiness after treatment(P0.001),and there were no significant differences in order differences of cough and expectoration quantity between 2 groups as compared to pre-treatment,but there was significant difference in grade difference of nasal obstruction,with the control group showing a better improvement.The incidence of adverse events was 17.1% in trial group and 20.2% in control group,and there was no significant difference between 2 groups in incidence of adverse events.CONCLUSIONS:guaifenesin-pseudoephedrine hydrochloride-codeine phosphate oral solution(lianlike)is effective and safe in in relieving cough,eliminating phlegm,relieving nasal stuffiness and other cold symptoms.
The Use of Internet as a Mode of Delivery for Nuclear Medicine Postgraduate Education

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The recent advances in computer hardware/software and the Internet have opened new channels of communication: e-mail, bulletin boards, voice mail, the World Wide Web(WWW), Internet chat/phone & Internet video conferencing/clips. The University of Newcastle is the first University to offer a postgraduate distance education (DE) award course using both traditional mode and via the internet. The students are continuously monitored for their performance and interaction. We have found that the Internet is a secure, reliable and adaptable method for course delivery which allows more interaction than traditional modes of DE.
Pharmacoeconomic Evaluation of Anti-Hyperlipidemic Agent Fenofibrate

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

We evaluated the economic efficiency as well as the clinical effectiveness on serum lipid levels of a change in drug therapy from bezafibrate or a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor to fenofibrate. Subjects were 26 outpatients suffering from type IIb or type IV hyperlipidemia who visited our hospital between October 2000 and January 2001. Medication doses, and serum lipid levels were recorded prior to the change to fenofibrate and at 6 months after the change. Medical costs were also calculated at the same time points. A significant reduction in medical costs of 14.9% was observed following the change to fenofibrate. Serum lipid levels were not significantly different, although an increase in low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol) was observed in patients changing from the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. The actual drug costs were reduced by 21.8% in the bezafibrate to fenofibrate group and by 23.7% in the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor to fenofibrate group. Although the drug costs of changing to fenofibrate decreased significantly, other costs remained almost unchanged.
Impact of Static and Animated eBook Illustrations on Children's Engagement, Enjoyment, and Information Recall

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In an exploratory study, we investigated the effects of different types of illustrations on eBook reading engagement among children aged 11 to 12 years. We explored three distinct illustration styles: static (depicting significant events within the story), basic animated (animating story events), and focused animated (emphasizing specific elements or illustrating continuous change over time). Our findings suggest that animated illustrations, especially focused animated illustrations, enhance children’s engagement, increase their confidence, and improve recall. Subjective feedback highlighted a strong preference for and greater enjoyment of stories featuring animated illustrations. The majority of children believed that animated illustrations would substantially improve their eBook reading experience.
LIGHT‐INDUCED OIL GLOBULE MIGRATION IN HAEMATOCOCCUS PLUVIALIS (CHLOROPHYCEAE)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Astaxanthin‐rich oil globules in H aematococcus pluvialis display rapid light‐induced peripheral migration that is unique to this organism and serves to protect the photosynthetic system from excessive light. We observed rapid light‐induced peripheral migration that is associated with chlorophyll fluorescence quenching, whereas the recovery was slow. A simple assay to follow globule migration, based on chlorophyll fluorescence level has been developed. Globule migration was induced by high intensity blue light, but not by high intensity red light. The electron transport inhibitor dichlorophenyl‐dimethylurea did not inhibit globule migration, whereas the quinone analog (dibromo‐methyl‐isopropylbenzoquinone), induced globule migration even at low light. Actin microfilament‐directed toxins, such as cytochalasin B and latrunculin A , inhibited the light‐induced globule migration, whereas toxins against microtubules were ineffective. Electron microscopic ( EM ) imaging confirmed the cytoplasmic localization and peripheral migration of globules upon exposure to very high light ( VHL ). Scanning EM of freeze‐fractured cells also revealed globules within cytoplasmic bridges traversing the chloroplast, presumably representing the pathway of migration. Close alignments of globules with endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) membranes were also observed following VHL illumination. We propose that light‐induced globule migration is regulated by the redox state of the photosynthetic electron transport system. Possible mechanisms of actin‐based globule migration are discussed.
Corruption in Nigeria: An Impediment to Achieving the Millennium Development Goals

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study explores the channels through which corruption acts as an impediment to achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in Nigeria. The Structural Vector Auto Regression (SVAR) estimation technique is used to test this relationship. The variables used include Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate, initial GDP (1970), Secondary School Enrollment rate, life expectancy, government expenditure, investment and corruption perception index and inflation and oil exports. The scope covers the period 1970 to 2010. It was discovered that corruption impacted negatively on the achievement of the MDGs in Nigeria. The impulse response results indicate that corruption accounts for negative shocks in the variables, while the Forecast Variance Decomposition show that corruption accounts for a substantial portion of the variance decomposition of the variables under study. Hence, there is need to tackle corruption seriously if the country must achieve its aim in 2015. Keywords : Corruption, MDGs, Investment, Life Expectancy, Corruption Perception Index
How Klapskate Hinge Position Affects Push-Off Mechanics in Speed Skating

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In speed skating, the conventional skate has been replaced by the klapskate, in which the shoe can rotate around a hinge between shoe and blade. It has been hypothesized that the improved performance with klapskates vs. conventional skates can be attributed to the difference in the anterior/posterior position of the foot’s center of rotation relative to the ice. This study investigated the effect of the position of the foot’s center of rotation on push-off mechanics in speed skating. Eight elite speed skaters skated four 2000-m trials on instrumented klapskates at a fixed velocity. In each trial the hinge was placed at a different position between the 5th metatarso-phalangeal joint and the tip of the toes. 3-D kinematics and pushoff forces were measured to analyze push-off kinematics and kinetics. Shifting the hinge from the most posterior to the more anterior positions resulted in a delayed onset of foot rotation and longer duration of push-off. This delay coincided with an increase in angular displacement and peak angular velocity of the knee and hip joint, an increase in the flexing knee joint moment at the end of the push-off, and a reduction in work generated at the knee joint. Total work per stroke was similar for the various hinge positions. Besides the similar work per stroke, the observed effects are in accordance with the differences between klapskating and conventional skating. It was concluded that the position of the foot’s center of rotation affects the timing of foot rotation, and therefore the balanced pattern of segmental rotations. Although it could not be proven in this study, it was shown that this constraint could affect work per stroke and might explain the difference between klapskates and conventional skates.
Surgery and Autonomic Nervous System

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A review of the extensive descriptive literature suggests that many Parkinsonian patients exhibit an emotional and attitudinal inflexibility, a lack of affect and a predisposition to depressive illness, which may antecede the development of motor abnormalities by several decades. Introspective, over-controlled, anhedonic personality traits together with suppressed aggresivity are frequently found. It is unclear whether these behavioural patterns are relevant aetiological factors or prodromal symptoms of the disease.
Left ventricular apical aneurysm in Fabry disease: implications for clinical significance and risk stratification

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background More than 50% of patients with Fabry disease (FD) present with cardiac phenotype, and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is the most frequent manifestation. Among FD patients with LVH, a rare and novel presentation of left ventricular apical aneurysm (LVAA) has been reported. Purpose This study aimed to investigate the clinical incidence of LVAA and its impacts on prognosis among FD patients. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 268 FD patients at a tertiary medical center between January 2003 to September 2020. Two patients with ischemic LVAA were excluded. LVH and LVAA were confirmed either by echocardiography (Figure 1A) or cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (Figure 1B). The primary endpoints were a composite of heart failure (HF) hospitalization, sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT), stroke, and death. Results Of 266 FD patients, there were 105 (39.5%) patients had LVH, and 11 (10.3%) of them had LVAAs (age 67.5 ± 9.5 years, 8 males [72.7%]). After a mean follow-up of 49.3 ± 34.8 months, 8 patients experienced primary endpoints, including 5 (45.5%) HF hospitalizations, 3 (27.3%) VT, 1 (9.1%) stroke, and 4 (36.4%) deaths. The risk for composite adverse events was significantly higher in patients with LVAA compared with those without (8 [72.7%] vs 17 [18.1%]), leading to significantly lower event-free survival in patients with LVAA (Log-Rank P &lt; 0.001, Figure 2). The presence of LVAA was independently associated with an increased risk of composite adverse events (hazard ratio: 3.59; confidence interval: 1.30-9.91, P = 0.01) after adjusting for age, gender, advanced HF, renal function, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation, left ventricular ejection fraction of &lt;40%, average E/e’, and LV mass index. Conclusions LVAA presents in around 10% of patients with Fabry cardiomyopathy and is strongly associated with an increased risk of adverse events. The identification of this phenotype would be useful to identify high-risk patients with Fabry cardiomyopathy, among whom more aggressive treatments may be considered. Abstract Figure. Apical aneurysm in Fabry cardiomyopathy Abstract Figure. KM curve of composite adverse events
Persistent Fistula Closure After Endoscopic Ultrasound-Directed Transgastric Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography by Postinfarct Ventricular Septal Defect Occluder

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT A gastrogastric fistula is a delayed complication of the endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Endoscopic closure of these fistulae poses a significant challenge, and surgical intervention may be required in some patients. In this study, we discuss the case of a 69-year-old woman with persistent fistula following the endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedure. Despite the failure of conventional advanced endoscopic fistula closure methods, successful closure of the fistula was achieved using a postinfarct ventricular septal defect occluder.
Margulis and Burhenne's Alimentary Tract Radiology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

History Anatomy and Physiology Pharynx Esophagus Stomach and Duodenum Sniall Bowel Colon Miscellaneous Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract Pancreas Biliary Tract Liver Spleen Peritoneum and Retroperitoneum Pediatric Gastrointestinal Radiology Interventional Abdominal Radiology Acute Abdomen Abdominal Trauma.
LBP-based multiclass classification method for UAV imagery

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In order to describe images acquired with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), we introduce in this paper a multilabeling classification method. It starts by subdividing the original UAV image into a grid of tiles which are then analyzed separately. From each tile, a signature which encodes texture information is extracted and compared with the signatures of the tiles belonging to a pre-built training dictionary in order to acquire the binary multilabel vector of the most similar tile. In order to represent and match the tiles, we exploit a well-known texture operator and a common distance measure, respectively. Promising experimental results, in particular for some classes of objects, are obtained on real UAV images acquired over urban areas.
Detection of fungal infection in pulses using near infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pulses are a major source of human protein intake nowadays and will continue to be so because of their high protein content. Pulse crops are members of the family Leguminosae. The five major pulse crops grown in Canada are chick peas, green peas, lentils, pinto bean and kidney beans. Over the past 20 years, Canada has emerged as the world’s largest exporter of lentils and one of world’s top five exporters of beans. These contribute more than $2 billion income to the Canadian economy. The major causes of fungal infection in these pulses are Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium commune. Early stages of fungal infections in pulses are not detectable with human eyes. Near infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging system is an advanced technique widely used for detection of insect infestation and fungal infection in cereal grains and oil seeds. A typical NIR instrument captures images across the electromagnetic spectrum at evenly spaced wavelengths from 700 to 2500 nm (a system at the University of Manitoba captures images in the 960 nm to 1700 nm range). From the captured images, the spatial relationships for different spectra in the neighborhood can be found allowing more elaborate spectral-spatial methods for a more accurate classification of the images. The primary objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of the NIR hyperspectral system to identify fungal infections in pulses. Hyperspectral images of healthy and fungal infected chick peas, green peas, lentils, pinto bean and kidney beans were acquired and features (statistical and histogram) were used to develop classification models to identify fungal infection caused by Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium commune. Images of healthy and fungal infected kernels were acquired at 2 week intervals (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks from artificial inoculation). Six-way (healthy vs the five different stages of infection) and two-way (healthy vs every stage of infection) models were developed and classifications were done using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) classifiers. The LDA classifier identified with 90-94% accuracy while using the six-way model, and with 98-100% accuracy when using the two-way models for all five types of pulses and for both types of fungal infections. The QDA classifier also showed promising results as it identified 85-90% while using the six-way model and 96-100% when using the two-way models. Hence, hyperspectral imaging is a promising and non-destructive method for the rapid detection of fungal infections in pulses, which cannot be detected using human eyes.
APOPTIN AND ITS DERIVATIVES AS MOLECULAR CLUES TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The non-receptor tyrosine kinase activity of fusion gene BCR-ABL derived oncoproteins is the key factor responsible for development and progress of Philadelphia positive (Ph+) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In the search for a superior and novel peptide-based inhibitor of Bcr-Abl, here I investigated a naturally occurring molecule, called apoptin. Apoptin is a 13.6 kDa protein derived from chicken anemia virus (CAV) and known to induce apoptosis in a wide range of transformed but not in primary cells. Apoptin is a protein without any reported structural and/or functional homolog and is an interesting candidate to initiate protein-protein interactions and subsequent downstream effects. Initially by an array-based analysis I found that apoptin interacts with the SH3 domain of Abl. By high stringency pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays the apoptin and Bcr-Abl interaction was further confirmed. Subsequently, a set of apoptin and Bcr-Abl deletion mutants were used to map this interaction precisely that mainly occurred between a proline rich domain of apoptin and the SH3 domain of Bcr-Abl. I further investigated the role of apoptin on Bcr-Abl. Apoptin was able to modify the phosphorylation of a series of targets (e.g. CrkL, STAT5, c-Myc) downstream of Bcr-Abl kinase. In addition, I used computational algorhythms for protein modeling to study the 3D structure of apoptin and it’s docking with Bcr-Abl at the molecular level. In controlled studies using the 2-pheny-laminopyrimidine derived specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor Imatinib® I found that apoptin has comparable effects on CML cells, suggesting that the interacting segment of the apoptin molecule acts as an adaptor and negatively regulates the Bcr-Abl kinase by deactivating many cell proliferation and anti-apoptotic pathways in CML cells. Briefly, this work provides important insights towards the development of peptide based tyrosine kinase inhibitors as new anti-cancer agents.
Counting quasar–radio source pairs to derive the millijansky radio luminosity function and clustering strength toz = 3.5

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We apply a cross-correlation technique to infer the $S>3$mJy radio luminosity\nfunction (RLF) from the NRAO VLA sky survey (NVSS) to $z\\sim3.5$. We measure\n$\\Sigma$ the over density of radio sources around spectroscopically confirmed\nquasars. $\\Sigma$ is related to the space density of radio sources at the\ndistance of the quasars and the clustering strength between the two samples,\nhence knowledge of one constrains the other. Under simple assumptions we find\n$\\Phi\\propto (1+z)^{3.7\\pm0.7}$ out to $z\\sim2$. Above this redshift the\nevolution slows and we constrain the evolution exponent to $<1.01$ ($2\\sigma$).\nThis behaviour is almost identical to that found by previous authors for the\nbright end of the RLF potentially indicating that we are looking at the same\npopulation. This suggests that the NVSS is dominated by a single population;\nmost likely radio sources associated with high-excitation cold-mode accretion.\nInversely, by adopting a previously modelled RLF we can constrain the\nclustering of high-redshift radio sources and find a clustering strength\nconsistent with $r_0=15.0\\pm 2.5$ Mpc up to $z\\sim3.5$. This is inconsistent\nwith quasars at low redshift and some measurements of the clustering of bright\nFRII sources. This behaviour is more consistent with the clustering of lower\nluminosity radio galaxies in the local universe. Our results indicate that the\nhigh-excitation systems dominating our sample are hosted in the most massive\ngalaxies at all redshifts sampled.\n
A Comparative analysis of four ‘Sariva’ plants: HPTLC profiling and Antioxidant activity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The ‘Sariva’, a drug having diverse uses in Ayurveda. Under the name ‘Sariva’ four different species have been mentioned and supplied viz. Cryptolepis buchananii Roem & Schult., Decalepis hamiltonii Wight. & Arn., Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R.Br., and Ichnocarpus frutescence R. Br. Vanillin is a key active constituent of these plants. Considering the availability of plant material in the market there is an ambiguity in supplying the authentic species as ‘Sariva’. This study was planned to study the effective species as ‘Sariva’ using biological activity as well as content of Vanillin using HPTLC fingerprints, and antioxidant abilities. A precise method was developed for detecting vanillin concentrations in various ‘Sariva’ extracts, using suitable mobile phase. The method was suitable for routine examination of vanillin in ‘Sariva’ spp. providing reliable and consistent results. The highest peak area for vanillin was reported in Hemidesmus indicus, followed by Decalepis hamiltonii, Ichnocarpus frutescence, and Cryptolepis buchananii based on area under curve, indicating content variation in tested samples. The study also assessed the antioxidant capability of different ‘Sariva’ drugs using DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assays. Hemidesmus indicus showed significantly higher antioxidant activity followed by Decalepis hamiltonii, Cryptolepis buchananii and Ichnocarpus frutescence. These findings suggest that Hemidesmus indicus and Decalepis hamiltonii have similar natural antioxidants with potential health benefits. Considering the less availability of Hemidesmus indicus, Decalepis hamiltonii can be potent substitute as ‘Sariva’. Further research is needed to explore the specific mechanisms of action and potential applications of Vanillin in preventing oxidative stress-related diseases.