jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Botulinum Neurotoxin Chimeras Suppress Stimulation by Capsaicin of Rat Trigeminal Sensory Neurons In Vivo and In Vitro

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Chimeras of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) serotype A (/A) combined with /E protease might possess improved analgesic properties relative to either parent, due to inheriting the sensory neurotropism of the former with more extensive disabling of SNAP-25 from the latter. Hence, fusions of /E protease light chain (LC) to whole BoNT/A (LC/E-BoNT/A), and of the LC plus translocation domain (HN) of /E with the neuronal acceptor binding moiety (HC) of /A (BoNT/EA), created previously by gene recombination and expression in E. coli., were used. LC/E-BoNT/A (75 units/kg) injected into the whisker pad of rats seemed devoid of systemic toxicity, as reflected by an absence of weight loss, but inhibited the nocifensive behavior (grooming, freezing, and reduced mobility) induced by activating TRPV1 with capsaicin, injected at various days thereafter. No sex-related differences were observed. c-Fos expression was increased five-fold in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis ipsi-lateral to capsaicin injection, relative to the contra-lateral side and vehicle-treated controls, and this increase was virtually prevented by LC/E-BoNT/A. In vitro, LC/E-BoNT/A or /EA diminished CGRP exocytosis from rat neonate trigeminal ganglionic neurons stimulated with up to 1 µM capsaicin, whereas BoNT/A only substantially reduced the release in response to 0.1 µM or less of the stimulant, in accordance with the /E protease being known to prevent fusion of exocytotic vesicles.
Graphene-Based Acousto-Optic Sensors with Vibrating Resonance Energy Transfer and Applications

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Graphene as a two-dimensional planar material has numerous advantages for realizing high-performance nano-electromechanical systems (NEMS) such as nanoscale sensors including strain sensors, optical modulators or energy harvesters. Large Young’s modulus (1 TPa for single layer graphene), ultra-low weight, low residual stress and large breaking strength properties are important properties as two-dimensional (2D) ultrathin resonators. Graphene resonators are recently utilized for low complexity design of nanoscale acousto-optic sensors based on a novel theoretical model describing vibrating Förster resonance energy transfer (VFRET) mechanism. Proposed system combines the advantages of graphene with quantum dots (QDs) as donor and acceptor pairs with broad absorption spectrum, large cross-sections, tunable emission spectra, size-dependent emission wavelength, high photochemical stability and improved quantum yield. Device structure supporting wide-band resonance frequencies including acoustic and ultrasound ranges promises high-performance applications for challenging environments. Remote sensors and acousto-optic communication channels are formed for in-body applications, wireless body area sensor networks (WBASNs), space and interplanetary systems, microfluidics and visible light communication (VLC)-based architectures.
Low Energy Cosmic Rays and the Disturbed Magnetosphere

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Low energy galactic cosmic rays as well as particles accelerated to high energies either at the solar surface or in the interplanetary medium have access to the atmosphere above a given position on the Earth depending upon the state of the magnetosphere. The interpretation of the cosmic ray anisotropy, deduced from the neutron monitor (NM) network, must assume the variability of the magnetospheric configuration. Along with a short review of changes of the geomagnetic cutoffs in the disturbed magnetosphere reported in the earlier papers, we present the results of computations of transmissivity function and asymptotic directions for selected points on the ground and for a low altitude polar orbiting satellite as well. The computations, based on different available models of geomagnetic field of external sources are performed for quiet time periods and for strong geomagnetic disturbances occurred in 2003 and 2004.
OpenMIBOOD: Open Medical Imaging Benchmarks for Out-Of-Distribution Detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The growing reliance on Artificial Intelligence (AI) in critical domains such as healthcare demands robust mechanisms to ensure the trustworthiness of these systems, especially when faced with unexpected or anomalous inputs. This paper introduces the Open Medical Imaging Benchmarks for Out-Of-Distribution Detection (OpenMIBOOD), a comprehensive framework for evaluating out-of-distribution (OOD) detection methods specifically in medical imaging contexts. OpenMIBOOD includes three benchmarks from diverse medical domains, encompassing 14 datasets divided into covariate-shifted in-distribution, near-OOD, and far-OOD categories. We evaluate 24 post-hoc methods across these benchmarks, providing a standardized reference to advance the development and fair comparison of OOD detection methods. Results reveal that findings from broad-scale OOD benchmarks in natural image domains do not translate to medical applications, underscoring the critical need for such benchmarks in the medical field. By mitigating the risk of exposing AI models to inputs outside their training distribution, OpenMIBOOD aims to support the advancement of reliable and trustworthy AI systems in healthcare. The repository is available at https://github.com/remic-othr/OpenMIBOOD.
Codes and data from: The effect of habitat choice on evolutionary rescue in subdivided populations

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Evolutionary rescue is the process by which a population, in response to an environmental change, successfully avoids extinction through adaptation. In spatially structured environments, dispersal can affect the probability of rescue. Here, we model an environment consisting of patches that degrade one after another, and we investigate the probability of rescue by a mutant adapted to the degraded habitat. We focus on the effects of dispersal and of immigration biases. We find that the probability of evolutionary rescue can undergo up to three regions: (i) starting from low dispersal rates, it increases with dispersal; (ii) at intermediate dispersal rates, it decreases; (iii) finally, at large dispersal rates, the probability of rescue increases again with dispersal, except if mutants are too counter-selected in not-yet-degraded patches. The probability of rescue is generally highest when mutant and wild-type individuals preferentially immigrate into patches that have already undergone environmental change. Additionally, we find that mutants that will eventually rescue the population most likely first appear in non-degraded patches. Overall, our results show that habitat choice, when compared to the often studied unbiased immigration scheme, can substantially alter the dynamics of population survival and adaptation to new environments.
Los Legislative changes in the occupied territories by Israel after 1967

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

After Six-Day War in 1967, the State of Israel occupied Gaza, the West Bank and East Jerusalem. Following its occupation, a military government that has the power to make legislative changes under maintains order and security in the region is established. However, the authorization of the government of Israel to build Jewish settlements in the Palestinian territory has impacted social and economic status in the region. The hypothesis of this paper is that these changes have not always favored the civilian population because they create a dual legislation: one for residents of the Palestinian region and another one for the resident population in Jewish settlements.
RME-1-associated recycling endosomes participate in vitellogenin secretion in Caenorhabditis elegans

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Vitellogenins (VITs), the lipoprotein precursors of yolk proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans, are expressed in the intestine, secreted into the pseudocoelom, and ultimately transported into oocytes. However, the mechanism by which VITs are secreted out of the intestine remains unclear. In this study, a candidate RNA interference (RNAi) screen suggested that both the conventional secretion pathway and recycling endosomes (REs) are essential for VIT secretion. In addition to expected conventional secretion, VITs were also found to be synthesized in the intestinal rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and then transported to the Golgi apparatus. VIT-2::GFP accumulated in enlarged REs upon depletion of receptor-mediated endocytosis 1 (RME-1), a key protein that facilitates endocytic recycling. Moreover, the number of VIT-2::GFP-containing REs decreased upon inhibition of either ER-to-Golgi trafficking, trans-Golgi-to-endosome trafficking, or endocytosis. These findings suggested that REs are required for intestinal secretion of both newly synthesized VITs and yolk proteins endocytosed from the pseudocoelom. Moreover, RME-1 was found at the periphery of vitellogenin-containing vesicles (VVs), and this required RAB-10, the upstream regulator of RME-1 in endocytic recycling. RAB-10 was additionally required for the trafficking of VV from the apical/luminal side to the basal/pseudocoelomic side of the intestine. Together, these results identify REs as an intermediate compartment for the secretion of VIT/yolk proteins out of the intestine, suggesting a conserved role for endocytic recycling in the secretion of lipoproteins in mammals, particularly those assembled by apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100), a mammalian homolog of VITs.
Introductory lectures on jet quenching in heavy ion collisions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Jet quenching has become an essential signal for the characterization of the medium formed in experiments of heavy-ion collisions. After a brief introduction to the field, we present the full derivation of the medium-induced gluon radiation spectrum, starting from the diagrammatical origin of the Wilson lines and the medium averages and including all intermediate steps. The application of this spectrum to actual phenomenological calculations is then presented, making comparisons with experimental data and indicating some improvements of the formalism to the future LHC program. The last part of the lectures reviews calculations based on the AdS/CFT correspondence on the medium parameters controlling the jet quenching phenomenon.
Ovicidal toxicity of plant essential oils and their major constituents against two mosquito vectors and their non-target aquatic predators

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Plant essential oil (EO) is a natural alternative to synthetic chemical insecticides for mosquito control. EOs from Citrus aurantium L., Cymbopogon citratus (Stapf.), and Cinnamomum verum (J. Presl.) were selected for topical assay of their ovicidal activity against Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse). Their efficacy was compared to that of 1% (w/w) temephos. In addition, their non-toxicity against aquatic mosquito predators, Poecilia latipinna and Poecilia reticulata, was tested. Found by GC-MS analysis, the major constituent of C. verum EO was trans-cinnamaldehyde, of C. aurantium EO was D-limonene, and of C. citratus EO was geranial. Both C. verum EO and trans-cinnamaldehyde at a high concentration (30,000 ppm) exhibited high ovicidal activity against Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus eggs after 48 h of incubation with an inhibition rate of 91.0-93.0% for C. verum EO and 96.7-95.2% for trans-cinnamaldehyde. The combination of C. verum EO + geranial exhibited the strongest synergistic inhibition activity (100%) against the two mosquito vectors and was five times more effective than temephos. Moreover, they were not toxic to the non-target fishes. As a safe ovicidal agent for mosquito egg control, the combination of C. verum EO + geranial has excellent potential.
Tensammetric Study of the Adsorption of Brucine

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper will present two results of experiments concerning the adsorption of brucine. We will first discuss the adsorption of brucine on D. M. E. studied tensammetrically. Brucine was found to give a tensammetric wave with two peaks, at +0.10 V and −1.15 V vs. SCE. The positive tensammetric peak can be ascribed to the usual adsorption process. The second peak, however, behaved differently from the first, probably due to the reformation of adsorbed brucine film involving the protonation and the reorientation of brucine. Secondly, we will present experimental facts concerning the depressive effects of brucine on the reduction waves of copper(II).
The Ignored Concept on Development of Educational Information Technology

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

On the surface, educational information technology (EIT) is progress with more and fantastic functions. But what factors motivate students to use EIT more was not clear enough. The research utilized technology acceptance model, easy to use as the hygiene factor of use and perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment as the motivators of retain, to test the influencing variables of acceptance of EIT. The results indicated that pedagogic design and community were two motivators while functionality and interface design were two hygiene factors in EIT acceptance. The authors suggested that the development of EIT better considered the possibility of value added to pedagogic and community by functionality and interface design.
Religion and Movement Activism in 1960s Chicago

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This dissertation examines the place of religion within various forms of movement activism in Chicago’s 1960s. Although scholars have documented religious participation in the period’s civil rights and peace movements, less attention has been paid to how religious leaders and institutions fit into the complicated institutional networks that drove such activism, or how religious participation was perceived by activists themselves. This is especially true of student activists whose relative lack of religious affiliation has often been interpreted as a lack of interest in religion altogether. This dissertation argues that the category of religion occupied a particular place and performed a specific function in the social, cultural, and political imaginations of many movement activists in Chicago regardless of their religious affiliations. Some student activists involved in civil rights and peace work at the University of Chicago, for instance, desired the participation of religious leaders and organizations in their movements and envisioned a distinct place for religious participation in their work. In addition to providing financial and physical resources to the movement, religion was often presumed to have an ideological content – a potential moral resonance with the aims of activists – that was deemed by some to be critical to movement work. And religious activists themselves believed that they had a unique moral contribution to make but often struggled to figure out where they and their organizations fit within the movement as a whole. By closely examining the place of religion across a variety of movement institutions and networks – including student activists at the University of Chicago, community organizations such as The Woodlawn Organization, and a number of religious organizations of various types – this dissertation considers the many ways that religion and religious participation was understood amongst Chicago’s activist networks, and how social and political engagement posed unique challenges to religious leaders and groups who sought to include civil rights, peace, and other issues in their work.
Generative adversarial network (GAN) for image synthesis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recently, Conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN) plays an important role in image synthesis tasks and Vision Transformer (ViT) with self-attention mechanism have shown SOTA performance on computer vision field. In this report, I extent ViT to image synthesis tasks. I propose two ViT-based generator architectures with upsampling and transposed convolution encoders and one ViT-based discriminator. I demonstrate that my models, named cViTGAN, are capable of image synthesis task. I perform experiments on six different benchmarks, the models achieve comparable performance to the baseline models. My work shows that we can achieve reasonable results with ViT-based models.
Basel II: The Remaining Issues. CEPS Policy Brief No. 13, March 2002

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

[From the Introduction]. ...the BCBS has wisely decided to prolong the consultation period for another year, so that the final draft Accord is expected by the end of 2002. It is to be hoped that these potential problems of the new Accord are solved by then. In this context, it is the aim of this paper to briefly outline four issue-areas that must be addressed before the new Accord can be implemented with confidence. After a broad outline of the current state of the proposals in section one, each area will be discussed in turn. Thus, the second section focuses on the issue of a potential decline in the overall capital holdings and hence in the level of protection against systemic risk. The third section then considers the strong procyclical effect that the new proposals are likely to have. Section four looks at the various adverse consequences the Accord may have for developing countries, and the fifth section outlines the potential impact on the structure of the banking industry. Section six concludes.
Revolutionising Ai Deployment: Survey On Hardware Acceleration for Machine Learning Optimisation and Resilience

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This compilation of research studies holds the utmost significance in hardware acceleration for machine learning. In our current era, characterised by the exponential growth of artificial intelligence (AI) applications, these studies tackle crucial challenges in optimising neural network accelerators' performance, energy efficiency, and resilience. The importance lies in their potential to revolutionise AI implementation across various domains. Efficient hardware accelerators are a cornerstone in unlocking the full potential of AI, enabling breakthroughs in deep learning, high-speed train fault detection and isolation, and numerous other applications. By improving memory management, facts placement, bus scheduling, and fault tolerance, that research paves the way for AI structures which are both powerful and sustainable, making AI accessible and impactful in a wide variety of fields. This research is important for fostering the growth and adoption of AI, ultimately remodelling how we interact with technology and facts in our daily lives.
Speech Recognition Using Artificial Neural Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper propose two approaches for speech recognition via supervised and unsupervised learning. Speech signals are non-stationary signals. Treating speech in computing domain falls under sequential learning task i.e. if we want to make a sense of current statement, we may need to go through the context in which it was spoken. Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) is been used in speech recognition problems because of its powerful sequence modeling capacity. In this paper we have proposed Bi-directional Recurrent Neural Network with Long Short Term Memory model (LSTM), so that speech signal reconstruction can be done in a proper way without performance loss. For unsupervised learning, model is designed on the basis of Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) which generates a reconstruction based output and helps in conversion of voice into text, each letter by letter.
Importance of Pedagogical Practice in Formation of Professional Competencies in Future Teachers

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Research relevance: the issues of organizing and conducting teaching practice at Osh State University are relevant in connection with the increase and improvement of teachers and students educational activities in general. Research objectives: to reveal the goals, objectives, content and criteria for assessing adaptation, vocational-base and vocational-profile practice. Research materials and methods: the article construction based on analysis of educational standards on pedagogical practice, on the main goals and objectives definition in adaptational-pedagogical practice. Research results: experience of organizing and conducting pedagogical practice can be theoretically and practically useful for several pedagogical universities. Conclusions: based on specialties specifics, methodological departments of pedagogical faculties have developed educational methodological complexes and syllabuses for each type of pedagogical practice.
Investigation of the antioxidant capacity of the components of Astragalus after membrane separation

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Astragalus is commonly used in health supplements, and its flavonoids and saponins are the important material basis for immune system enhancement. The study on the effective component contents and antioxidant capacities of astragalus extract after membrane separation lays the foundation of the application of membrane separation technology in health supplement development. The astragalus extract was filtered by suction and passed through membranes of 10000 Da, 2500 Da, and 600 Da to obtain retentate 1 (M1), retentate 2 (M2), retentate 3 (M3) and permeate MT. UV/vis spectrophotometer was used to compare the contents of total flavonoids and total saponins before and after each step of membrane separation. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyze the contents of Verbasil Glucoside and Astragaloside IV of all membrane separation samples, and the antioxidant activities were determined. The contents of flavonoids in membrane separation samples were significantly different. In the freeze-dried powders obtained from the membrane separation, the contents of total flavonoids and Verbasil Glucoside were the lowest in MT, M1 was the highest, and M3 was the second highest. The order of contents of total saponins and Astragaloside IV of the freeze-dried powders from membrane separation was as follows: M3 > M1 > M2 > MT. Among them, the content of total saponins in the freeze-dried powder of M3 was the highest, which reached 2.67 times of that of the astragalus extract. The order of the scavenging activities of membrane separation samples for DPPH free radical was: MT > M3 > M2 > M1 > astragalus extract. The strongest scavenging activity of hydroxyl free radicals was found in M3, and the scavenging rates of hydroxyl free radicals in all samples were higher than those of VC. The total antioxidant capacity of FRAP showed a certain dose-effect relationship. At the same concentration, the FRAP values of M1 and MT were higher than other samples. Membrane separation technology can be used to separate and purify the effective components from astragalus extract. M3 has the highest contents of the total flavonoids and total saponins, and its antioxidant capacity is better than that of astragalus extract and other samples obtained by membrane separation.