jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Materials in the Field: Object-trajectories and Object-positions in the Field of Contemporary Art

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The paper explores the central role of artworks in the field of contemporary art. It is based on an ethnographic study of the conservation laboratory at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York and draws from three detailed case studies where the temporal and spatial trajectory of artworks led to processes of competition, collaboration, and repositioning among the agents involved in the acquisition, exhibition and conservation of these artworks. The study demonstrates the importance of artworks qua physical objects in the field of contemporary art, claiming attention to materiality in field theory and engaging with an object-oriented methodology in field analysis. Artworks are shown to intervene in field processes, both reproducing divisions and re-drawing boundaries within and between fields, and actualizing positions of individuals and institutions.
PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS OF CHILDHOOD CANCER: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The literature concerning the psychosocial aspects of childhood cancer is reviewed. The emphasis of the literature is on the impact of the disease on the child and family and depicts the life-situation when faced with childhood cancer and responses to the disease. The literature strongly indicates that families experience serious difficulties and are a population at risk of developing psychosocial problems. The approach of studying the child with cancer and family is discussed and suggestions are made for future research.
KYRGYZ STORIES OF THE POSTSOVIET PERIOD (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CREATION OF A. SASPAYEV)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The transition of Kyrgyz stories from everyday life writing to a deep and vivid depiction of reality falls on a new stage in the development of the story genre, i.e. for 70 – 80 years of the last century. Young writers come to literature with their own special style, their works have made a significant contribution to the further development of the genre. The qualitative growth of the genre was also facilitated by the organization of special discussions, which at the same time testified to its dynamic development. The contribution of the writer Aman Saspayev to the development of the genre of the story is great. That is why we decided to stop our attention on his creation.
Modality, Difficulty, and 'Coupling' in Vigilance Behavior

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

With auditory, loosely coupled visual, and closely coupled visual intensitydiscrimination tasks matched for difficulty (d') for each of 20 subjects in a short-term monitoring session, subsequent vigilance performance on the tasks was predictable, and a number of indices of performance and performance change correlated significantly and appreciably across the vigilance tasks. There were indications of modality specificity, but degree of coupling was not as significant a factor as expected.
Genetic Analysis of Japanese Patients with 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency: Identification of a Patient with a New Mutation of a Homozygous Deletion of Adenine at Codon 246 and Patients without Demonstrable Mutations within the Structural Gene for CYP21

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency is one of the most common inherited metabolic diseases. We studied 52 Japanese 21-hydroxylase deficiency patients corresponding to 49 families (98 chromosomes) to detect the mutations in 21-hydroxylase genes using Southern blotting, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism, and a direct sequencing method. Among the 52 patients (49 families), 35 patients (33 families) were diagnosed as the salt-wasting type, 12 (12 families) as the simple virilizing type, and 5 (4 families) as the nonclassical type.
Process optimization tweaking tool (POTT) and its application in controlling oxidation thickness

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This computer utility extracts process data from a manufacturing statistical process control database, calculates oxidation times appropriate to recenter the thickness to the desired process mean, and inserts the values of new oxidation times directly into furnace oxidation recipes resident in the main BTU host computer so that production furnace recipes downloaded to the furnace controller automatically contain the new oxidation times. The major attributes of POTT are summarized and its application in controlling oxidation thickness for silicon integrated-circuit fabrication as well as results obtained using two different retargeting strategies are described.< >
Photonic Generation of Microwave Pulse Using a Phase-Modulator-Based Sagnac Interferometer and Wavelength-to-Time Mapping

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We report a new photonic microwave pulse generator using a phase-modulator-based Sagnac interferometer (PM-SI) and wavelength-to-time mapping in a dispersive element. The key significance of the proposed scheme is that the phase of the generated microwave pulse can be continuously tuned by adjusting the bias voltage applied to the PM. Thanks to the wide bandwidth of the PM, high-speed phase modulation of the microwave pulse can be realized. Moreover, the PM-SI is polarization independent, which means that the PM-SI is insensitive to the state of polarization of the input optical signal, ensuring a stable operation of the system. The proposed scheme is theoretically analyzed and experimentally verified.
A Micro-Scale Monopropellant Fuel Injection Scheme Using Two-Phase Slug Formation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The periodic formation of dispersed microscopic liquid slugs (microslugs) at a microchannel junction is investigated as a means for enhancing precision and control of fuel delivery in monopropellant-based micropropulsion systems. Slug length and frequency of production are determined by digital image analysis of high-speed videomicroscopy recordings of the formation process in a microchannel (hydraulic diameter 28 ) under varying inlet pressure conditions. Experimental findings show that a range of slug characteristics are possible, with sizes spanning 0.05–1.7 mm at corresponding formation frequencies of 39–397 Hz. For a hydrogen-peroxide monopropellant fuel, it is estimated that the associated impulse bit of a singlemicroslug can range from 0:2–3 N s, which demonstrates the potential utility for micropropulsion applications.
Determination of 3,6-dinitrobenzo[e]pyrene in Surface Soil and Airborne Particles, and Its Possible Sources, Diesel Particles and Incinerator Dusts

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

3,6-Dinitrobenzo[e]pyrene (3,6-DNBeP) is an extremely strong bacterial mutagen, and was recently identified in highly mutagenic surface soil samples. In a previous study, a sensitive analytical method was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and fluorescence detection. In this study, we analyzed 3,6-DNBeP in surface soil, airborne particles, diesel particles, and incinerator dusts using this analytical method to reveal the distribution of 3,6-DNBeP in the environment. 3,6-DNBeP was detected in all surface soil samples, and the mutagenic contribution ratio of 3,6-DNBeP to the mutagenicity of the soil extracts toward Salmonella (S.) typhimurium TA98 was 17.3% on average. A positive correlation was observed between the mutagenicity of surface soil and the amount of 3,6-DNBeP (r=0.8653). 3,6-DNBeP was detected in airborne particles in the range of 19-76 fg/m3. The particle-size-distribution ratios of 3,6-DNBeP in <1.1, 1.1-2.0, 2.0-3.3, 3.3-7, and >7 μm of airborne particles were 13.1%, 13.8%, 37.0%, 19.1%, and 17.0%, respectively. 3,6-DNBeP was detected in diesel particles from general automobiles and industrial forklifts, and incinerator dusts. These results suggested that 3,6-DNBeP was a major mutagen in surface soil, and diesel engines and incinerators were possible sources of 3,6-DNBeP distributed in surface soil and air. This is the first report on the detection of 3,6-DNBeP in diesel particles and incinerator dusts.
Household Saving Behaviour in an Extended Life Cycle Model: A Comparative Study of China and India

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the determinants of household saving in China and India over the last few decades using the life cycle model, with appropriate modifications to account for the expected benefits of pension saving. Consistent with the predictions made in the life cycle model, higher income growth promotes more household saving, and higher age dependency does the opposite. An increase in the inflation rate appears to encourage household saving. Interestingly, the evidence suggests that an increase in expected pension benefits tends to discourage household saving in China in the long run, but the reverse is found in India.
New methods for unmixing sediment grain size data

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Grain size distribution (GSD) data are widely used in Earth sciences and although large data sets are regularly generated, detailed numerical analyses are not routine. Unmixing GSDs into components can help understand sediment provenance and depositional regimes/processes. End‐member analysis (EMA), which fits one set of end‐members to a given data set, is a powerful way to unmix GSDs into geologically meaningful parts. EMA estimates end‐members based on covariability within a data set and can be considered as a nonparametric approach. Available EMA algorithms, however, either produce suboptimal solutions or are time consuming. We introduce unmixing algorithms inspired by hyperspectral image analysis that can be applied to GSD data and which provide an improvement over current techniques. Nonparametric EMA is often unable to identify unimodal grain size subpopulations that correspond to single sediment sources. An alternative approach is single‐specimen unmixing (SSU), which unmixes individual GSDs into unimodal parametric distributions (e.g., lognormal). We demonstrate that the inherent nonuniqueness of SSU solutions renders this approach unviable for estimating underlying mixing processes. To overcome this, we develop a new algorithm to perform parametric EMA, whereby an entire data set can be unmixed into unimodal parametric end‐members (e.g., Weibull distributions). This makes it easier to identify individual grain size subpopulations in highly mixed data sets. To aid investigators in applying these methods, all of the new algorithms are available in AnalySize, which is GUI software for processing and unmixing grain size data.
Marker-trait associations of yield related traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under a semi-arid climate

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Identifying QTLs (quantitative trait loci) that control yield related traits under a stressed environment is very useful for marker-assisted selection (MAS). Marker-trait associations (MTA) for several agro-morphological traits were performed with 130 Tunisian and exotic spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) accessions under a semi-arid climate in El Kef, Tunisia. Grain yield and other important traits were evaluated. A population structural analysis identified two sub populations. In total, 29 MTAs were detected at -log P ≥ 3 using an MLM (mixed linear model), and only 5 MTAs with -log P ≥ 4. The locus on chromosome 4A was detected to control the heading date accounting for up to 22% of the trait variance. Two other loci located on chromosomes 3B and 7B were found to be stable during the two cropping seasons and have a pleiotropic effect on the heading date, yield, internodes length and grain per spike. These two regions are candidates for further genetic analysis.
Rateless Codes for Near-Perfect Load Balancing in Distributed Matrix-Vector Multiplication

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Large-scale machine learning and data mining applications require computer systems to perform massive matrix-vector and matrix-matrix multiplication operations that need to be parallelized across multiple nodes. The presence of straggling nodes -- computing nodes that unpredictably slowdown or fail -- is a major bottleneck in such distributed computations. Ideal load balancing strategies that dynamically allocate more tasks to faster nodes require knowledge or monitoring of node speeds as well as the ability to quickly move data. Recently proposed fixed-rate erasure coding strategies can handle unpredictable node slowdown, but they ignore partial work done by straggling nodes thus resulting in a lot of redundant computation. We propose a rateless fountain coding strategy that achieves the best of both worlds -- we prove that its latency is asymptotically equal to ideal load balancing, and it performs asymptotically zero redundant computations. Our idea is to create linear combinations of the m rows of the matrix and assign these encoded rows to different worker nodes. The original matrix-vector product can be decoded as soon as slightly more than m row-vector products are collectively finished by the nodes. We conduct experiments in three computing environments: local parallel computing, Amazon EC2, and Amazon Lambda, which show that rateless coding gives as much as 3x speed-up over uncoded schemes.
Experimental Study and Numerical Modeling of the Solidification Capacity of Chloride Ions in Alkali-Activated Slag Cement Exposed to Sodium Chloride

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The effects of chloride concentration and alkali activator on the phase alteration and chloride solidification capacity of alkali-activated slag (AAS) cement exposed to sodium chloride were investigated by multiple experimental techniques and thermodynamic modeling. In the meantime, a novel model considering the binder composition and solution chemistry was developed for the first time to predict the chloride solidification capacity of AAS. The experimental results were presented, discussed, and used to validate the model. A good agreement was found in the comparisons, showing R2 ≥ 0.93. The model was then implemented to study the effect of slag chemistry, and it revealed that increasing CaO content in slag increased the physical adsorption capacity, while the slag with high contents of Al2O3 and MgO exhibited larger chemical binding capacity.
Winds over the World Sea: Maury and Köppen

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In response to the needs of the ocean traders and military shipping during the nineteenth century, Matthew Maury (1806–73) and Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) worked in tandem to create wind charts for the World Ocean. In the early part of the century, Maury organized and supervised the production of the Wind and Current Charts for all navigable seas. In the latter part of the century, Köppen simplified these charts by use of a synoptically innovative stratification of the data, and these analyses became centerpieces of the Segelhandbiicher (Sail Handbooks) produced by the German Marine Observatory (Seewarte). The charts produced by each of these men are examined in an effort to clarify their separate but unique contributions. Maury and Köppen were complementary in their approach to marine meteorology: Maury possessed organizational skills and an empirical approach to science, while Köppen was more academic and interested in the basic sciences. Köppen's exceptional background in both physics and biology was instrumental to his success in simplifying Maury's charts. These appealing synoptic charts served Bergeron in his quest for a global understanding of air masses and ultimately gave Köppen a viewpoint on climatology that embraced the entire world.
The Technology, Budget, and Other Challenges of Growing Health Systems on Academic Health Sciences Libraries: A Deeper Dive

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The aim of this project is to survey academic health sciences librarians to learn about the challenges they face when they are part of a growing health system. Thirty-seven librarians completed a survey about the challenges they face in the current academic health sciences environment, highlighting specific concerns related to affiliated health system growth. This paper describes the results of the survey to enhance understanding among academic health sciences librarians regarding how library collections, budgets, and technology can be impacted by growth in affiliated health systems.
Information system for freight traceability management in a multimodal transportation context

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

These last years, in consequence of the various crises experienced by the world (mad-cow disease, Foot- and-mouth disease, dioxin-contaminated chicken, avian influenza), the product traceability has become the focus of interests of many researchers and decision makers. Through this paper we present the broad outlines of our research works centered more precisely on the traceability in the field of goods transportation. We propose a modeling approach of freight data, the result of this modeling, is used in the form of a centralized database for the whole of the actors implied in the freight transportation, representing the hard core of an information system for the management of traceability data. To ensure the good performance of system and in order to feed our data base with the goods transport chain data, we propose a solution according to an SOA architecture, based on an exchange of message between the various actors of the freight transport chain.
Impact of Watershed Development Programmes on Livelihood Conditions of Farmers in Haryana

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Watershed development programmes are being implemented with a broad objective to improve socio-economic conditions of the resource-poor and disadvantaged sections of rural population through conservation, regeneration and judicious use of all natural resources, keeping in view of rural development. So, this study assesses the impact of watershed development programmes on agricultural production, yield, cropping pattern and cropping intensity, livestock population, milk production and feed and fodder. For this, two districts were selected from two watershed development programmes on the basis of maximum completed projects and maximum covered area. Two micro watersheds were randomly selected from each district. 30 beneficiary and 30 non-beneficiary households were selected through random sampling from each micro watershed. Average and percentage methods were used for analysing the results. The study found that impact of DDP and IWDP watershed development programmes had been positive on agricultural yield, cropping pattern and benefit-cost ratios in watershed area (WSA), while impact had been weak on cropping intensity. The study also found that watershed development programmes had positive impact on the population of livestock in WSA of Bhiwani and Rohtak districts, but it had weak impact in Hisar and Kaithal districts. The impact of DDP on total milk production and green fodder was positive in both of Bhiwani and Hisar districts but weak impact on IWDP programme. Both programmes had positive impact on employment generated in per acre mandays from agriculture. DDP had positive impact on employment generated from livestock.
Synthesis of tritium labeled veratridine with high specific activity

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Synthesis of veratridine labeled with tritium on the aromatic residue at position 5′ is described. First, a precursor bromoveratridine, 3-(5-bromoveratroyl) veracevine, was prepared which was converted into the labeled veratridine by catalytic dehalogenation employing tritium gas. Labeling was done in the last step of the synthesis so that handling of labeled intermediates could be avoided. Veratridine was obtained with 4.48 Ci/mmole specific activity and with 97% radiochemical purity.
Extreme Risk Protection Orders Intended to Prevent Mass Shootings

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Urgent, individualized interventions to reduce firearm access, such as extreme risk protection orders (ERPOs, colloquially known as "red flag" orders), provide a rapid, focused response when risk for imminent firearm violence is high. Studies to date suggest such interventions are most commonly used to prevent suicide and are effective. Authorizing legislation has often been enacted after public mass shootings but, to our knowledge, there have been only 2 reported cases of ERPO use in efforts to prevent mass shootings. California enacted the nation's first ERPO statute, which took effect in January 2016. The authors are evaluating that statute's implementation and effectiveness and are seeking to obtain court records for all 414 cases occurring in 2016 to 2018. Based on 159 records received thus far, this article presents an aggregate summary and individual histories for a preliminary series of 21 cases in which ERPOs were used in efforts to prevent mass shootings. Most subjects were male and non-Hispanic white; the mean age was 35 years. Most subjects made explicit threats and owned firearms. Four cases arose primarily in relation to medical or mental health conditions, and such conditions were noted in 4 others. Fifty-two firearms were recovered. As of early August 2019, none of the threatened shootings had occurred, and no other homicides or suicides by persons subject to the orders were identified. It is impossible to know whether violence would have occurred had ERPOs not been issued, and the authors make no claim of a causal relationship. Nonetheless, the cases suggest that this urgent, individualized intervention can play a role in efforts to prevent mass shootings, in health care settings and elsewhere. Further evaluation would be helpful.
Generalization and Maintenance of Treatment Gains Using Self-Management Procedures with Behaviorally Disordered Adolescents

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Using reversal design (A-B-A-B) we investigated the effectiveness of self-management strategies to reduce disruptive, off-task behavior for three students from a self-contained classroom for behaviorally disordered students. Two were boys (ages 13 yr., 2 mo. and 14 yr., 4 mo.) and one a girl (age 13 yr., 3 mo.). The study investigated the maintenance and generalizability of treatment gains in a regular education setting. Parallel changes of self-concept influenced by the self-management procedures were also measured. Results strongly support that self-management techniques reduce off-task behavior, generalize to regular education settings, and help maintain treatment gains. Also, behavioral self-concept was markedly improved to within normal limits with the implementation of self-management procedures.