jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Association Between the Serum Iron and Acute Cognitive Impairment After Stroke: A Cross-Sectional Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Complications such as cognitive impairment are common in stroke victims. The goal of this study was to see if there was a link between blood iron levels and post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) within 2 weeks after stroke. Methods A total of 313 patients with ischemic stroke were recruited and separated into two groups: PSCI (n = 202) and non-PSCI (n = 111). The Mini-mental state examination scale was used to evaluate the cognitive status within 2 weeks after stroke (acute phase). The serum iron levels were divided into 4 layers: Q1 ≤ 11.7 μmol/L, Q2 11.8-15.1 μmol/, Q3 15.2-19.3 μmol/L, Q4 ≥ 19.4 μmol/L, respectively. The connection between serum iron and PSCI was then investigated further using binary logistic regression, which was adjusted for confounders. Results The difference in serum iron levels between the PSCI and non-PSCI group was initially conducted by the Mann-Whitney test, and a significant difference was found (14.5 (11.0-17.8) vs. 16.9 (13.7-21.8), p < .001), with no confounders being adjusted. After adjusting for confounding factors, the binary regression analysis showed that the Q4 layer showed the lowest risk of PSCI, with the Q1 layer being the reference. (odds ratio (OR) = 0.297, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.136-0.649, p = 0.002). Conclusion A decreased risk of early-onset PSCI was linked to high serum iron levels. Low serum iron levels were found to be a risk factor for acute cognitive impairment following stroke, which could help physicians identify and take intervention measures early to reduce the risk of cognitive impairment after stroke.
Electronic Effects in Phenoxyl Herbicides Studied by NQR Spectroscopy

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

35Cl-NQR (77 K) spectra for some phenoxyl herbicides are reported. The frequencies are assigned to individual chlorine atoms in the molecules. The influence of substituents on the electron density distribution in the phenyl ring is discussed. Inductive, conjugative and hyperconjugative effects are analysed. The substituent constants σm and σp for OCH2COOH and OCHCH3COOH are estimated.
A cross-sectional study of anaemia in children under 15 years of age attending a community health centre in Punjab

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Anaemia is the common nutritional problem in the world having a detrimental effect on the growth and development of the child. The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of anaemia in the region and its correlation with iron deficiency, serum ferritin, vitamin B12 and folate deficiency. Methods: A hospital based observational cross-sectional study was carried out in the outpatient paediatrics department of a Community Health Centre in Punjab. Study subjects included 52 anaemic children aged under 15 years of age. They were evaluated by obtaining a detailed history, physical examination and haemoglobin, serum iron, serum ferritin, serum vitamin B12 and folate levels. Results: Among 52 anaemic children, iron deficiency was found in 62% cases (32 children) with 48% of cases showing low ferritin levels and 25% having elevated TIBC. Isolated vitamin B12 deficiency was present in 25% cases (13 children) and folic acid deficiency in 8% cases (4 children). Vitamin D deficiency<15 ng/ml was seen in 29% anaemic children (15 children) and vitamin D insufficiency in 31% cases (16 children). Significant associations were found between low hemoglobin and low serum iron (p=0.031) and ferritin (p=0.001). Conclusions: Iron deficiency anaemia, vitamin B12 and folate deficiency contributes significantly to the prevalence of anaemia. The National Family Health Survey-5 has reported an increase in the prevalence of anaemia in the under-five age group from 59% to 67.1% over the last five years. Hence, there is a need to develop guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of anaemia.
Clinical efficacy and safety of a new hybrid radiofrequency electrode for treatment of liver malignancies : Phase I and phase II randomized clinical trial using radiofrequency versus microwave ablation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

La ablación con radiofrecuencia y microondas son opciones terapéuticas útiles para el tratamiento de tumores malignos hepáticos en pacientes seleccionados. Aunque comparables, sus resultados son todavía inferiores a los obtenidos con cirugía. Se han intentado crear dispositivos capaces de producir ablaciones mayores y con geometrías más favorables. Uno de estos dispositivos es Gnomon, el electrodo híbrido experimental desarrollado por nuestro equipo cuya validación clínica en las fases I y II del ensayo clínico constituye el objeto de esta tesis. Inicialmente confirmamos que este electrodo es seguro para el uso clínico y posteriormente, a través de un estudio randomizado, hemos comparado este electrodo con el sistema de microondas de última generación. Aunque no hemos encontrado mejoría en cuanto a geometría de la zona de ablación, los resultados técnicos y clínicos parecen que están en a la altura de los resultados obtenidos con uno de los sistemas de microondas de última generación.
An in situ Study of the Kinetics of a Solid-Phase Reaction Activated by the Energy of Elastic Stresses Arisen upon the Formation of the Cu/As2Se3 Nanosized Film Structure

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

For the first time, the kinetics of a solid-phase chemical reaction activated by the energy of elastic stresses generated upon the formation of the Cu/As2Se3 nanosized film structure is investigated in situ. It is shown that the time at which a solid-phase chemical reaction starts, as well as the voltage of the Cu/As2Se3 heterolayer, significantly depends on the thickness of the As2Se3 film. At a critical thickness of the As2Se3 film, which is equal to 110 nm, a threshold value of the energy of elastic stresses is achieved. Relaxation of this energy over new defects (micropores and microcracks) generated in the film system leads to the activation of a solid-phase chemical reaction and an increase in its rate. A mechanism of the operation of a positive feedback between the chemical reaction in a solid phase and elastic stresses is proposed.
Intermembrane contact affects calk phospholipid vesicles (phosphatidylserine/liposomes/aggregation/fusion)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Binding of Ca2+ to liposomes composed of phos- phatidylserine (PtdSer) was analyzed by potentiometric titrations. Ca2+ binding to large unilamellar PtdSer vesicles was saturable at a stoichiometry of 1:2 (Ca2+/PtdSer). At approximately 6 x 10-4 M (Ca2+)free, the binding curve exhibited a discontinuity that can be attributed to the formation of a Ca2+/PtdSer complex with a higher affinity. When both Ca2+ and Mg2+ are present, de- pending on the relative concentrations, Mg2+ can either compete or can enhance Ca2+ binding. Concomitant'to the enhanced bind- ing, the vesicle suspension was found to aggregate, suggesting that close contact of membranes is a prerequisite for the abrupt change in affinity. This concept was tested by binding studies with lipo- somes of mixed composition. It was found that the incorporation of 50 mol% phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn) into PtdSer lipo- somes produced a similar binding pattern to that of pure PtdSer with a saturable stoichiometry of 1:2 (Ca2+/PtdSer). However, incorporation of 50 mol% phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) com- pletely abolished the discontinuous shift in affinity and apparent saturation was reached at a stoichiometry of 1:4 (Ca2+/PtdSer). In addition, Ca2+ binding to PtdSer liposomes with 10 mol% ga- lactosylcerebroside was not altered when compared to pure PtdSer, whereas 10 mol% of the glycolipid GL-4 abolished the in- creased binding. The results are closely correlated with recent findings on the role of the membrane composition in Ca2+-induced fusion of liposomes and argue in favor of a specific Ca2+/PtdSer complex (with 1:2 stoichiometry) forming only at points of close contact between membranes and serving as the trigger for mem- brane fusion.
A Narrative Review of Intensive Group Tobacco Treatment: Clinical, Research, and US Policy Recommendations

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Clinical practice guidelines recommend comprehensive treatment for tobacco dependence including pharmacotherapies and behavioral interventions. Group counseling may deliver unique treatment aspects not available with other modalities. This manuscript provides a narrative review of group treatment outcomes from real-world practice settings and complements recent meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Our primary goals were to determine whether group treatments delivered in these settings have yielded similar quit rates compared to individual treatment and to provide recommendations for best practices and policy. Methods Group treatment was defined as occurring in a clinical or workplace setting (ie, not provided as part of a research study), led by a professionally trained clinician, and offered weekly over several weeks. English language PubMed articles from January 2000 to July 2017 were searched to identify studies that included outcomes from both group and individual treatment offered in real-world settings. Additional data sources meeting our criteria were also included. Reports not using pharmacotherapy and research studies (eg, RCTs) were excluded. The primary outcome was short-term, carbon monoxide (CO)-validated point prevalence abstinence (4-week postquit date). Results The review included data from 11 observational studies. In all cases, group treatment(s) had higher 4-week CO-validated quit rates (range: 35.5%–67.3%) than individual treatment(s) (range: 18.6%–53.3%). Conclusions Best practice group treatments for tobacco dependence are generalizable from research to clinical settings and likely to be at least as effective as intensive individual treatment. The added advantages of efficiency and cost-effectiveness can be significant. Group treatment is feasible in various settings with good results. Implications A major barrier to achieving high rates of tobacco abstinence is under-utilization of evidence-based treatment interventions. This review demonstrates the effectiveness and utility of group treatment for tobacco dependence. Based on the available data described in this narrative review in conjunction with existing RCT data, group treatment for tobacco dependence should be established and available in all behavioral health and medical settings. Group tobacco treatment is now one of the mandated reimbursable tobacco treatment formats within the US health care system, creating enormous opportunities for widespread clinical reach. Finally, comprehensive worksite group programs can further extend impact.
Comparison of HPLC & spectrophotometric methods for estimation of antiretroviral drug content in pharmaceutical products.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The contents of NVP, 3TC and d4T in the tablets estimated by HPLC and spectrophotometric methods were similar, and the variation in the amount of these drugs estimated by HPLC and spectrophotometric methods was below 10 per cent. This suggests that the spectrophotometric method is as accurate as the HPLC method for estimation of NVP, 3TC and d4T in tablet/capsule. Hence laboratories that do not have HPLC equipment can also undertake these drug estimations using spectrophotometer.
New Targeted Agents in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: New Hope on the Rise

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The therapeutic approach for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains challenging, since over the last four decades a stagnation in standard cytotoxic treatment has been observed. But within recent years, remarkable advances in the understanding of the molecular heterogeneity and complexity of this disease have led to the identification of novel therapeutic targets. In the last two years, seven new targeted agents (midostaurin, gilteritinib, enasidenib, ivosidenib, glasdegib, venetoclax and gemtuzumab ozogamicin) have received US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the treatment of AML. These drugs did not just prove to have a clinical benefit as single agents but have especially improved AML patient outcomes if they are combined with conventional therapy. In this review, we will focus on currently approved and promising upcoming agents and we will discuss controversial aspects and limitations of targeted treatment strategies.
Impact of Drip Fertigation on Yield and Nutrients Uptake by Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was conducted at Horticulture Farm, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur during the summer season in 2013-14 and 2014-15. The experiment consisted of 15 treatment combinations replicated three times which included 3 levels of irrigation viz., 80%, 60% and 40% PE through drip irrigation and five levels of fertigation viz., 100% RDF, 75% RDF, 50% RDF, 75% RDF + 2 foliar spray 1% urea phosphate, and 50% RDF + 2 foliar spray 1% urea phosphate through fertigation. Results showed that maximum fruit weight (3.73 g) and fruit yield ha-1 (16.13 t), nutrients uptake, net return and B: C ratio were recorded with 80% PE through drip irrigation over 40% PE. Similarly the highest fruit weight fruit-1(3.72 g), average yield weight plant-1 (261.00 g) fruit yield plot-1 (47.34 kg), fruit yield ha-1 (15.94 t), nutrients uptake, net return and B: C ratio of chilli were obtained under treatment with 75% RDF through fertigation + 2 foliar spray 1% urea phosphate over 50 per cent RDF through fertigation. Highest water use efficiency was found under drip irrigation at 40 % PE (4.18 q ha-1 cm) over 60% PE and 80% PE. It was further concluded the application of 75% RDF through fertigation + 2 foliar spray 1% urea phosphates gave highest water use efficiency (3.26 q ha-1 cm) than other treatments.
The Selecting of Environmentally Friendly Lighting System for Electrical Equipment Repair Shops

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Today one of the Federal programs implemented in Russia at the state level, is a program of energy conservation and energy efficiency to reduce the specific consumption of fuel and energy resources. Electricity for lighting accounts for 15% global power consumption and about of 13% power consumption in Russia. The article deals with the approach to lighting systems design on the basis of energy-saving technologies. Switching to energy-efficient lighting is one of the fastest ways to decrease cost of lighting. The paper proposes a new approach to evaluate ecological safety and economic efficiency of three most popular options of the lighting systems. In order to confirm the advantages of this approach to energy savings in industrial premises were undertaken the calculations. The article presents the results of the selection of the most appropriate environmentally friendly lighting system for electrical equipment repair shops using the analytic hierarchy process.
Hot and Dense Hadron Gas (HG): A New Excluded-volume approach

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We formulate a thermodynamically consistent equation of state (EOS), based on excluded-volume approach, for a hot, dense hadron gas (HG). We calculate various thermodynamical quantities of HG and various hadron ratios and compare our model results with the results of other excluded-volume models and experimental data. We also calculate various transport coefficients such as $η/s$ etc. and compare them with other HG model results. Furthermore, we test the validity of our model in getting the rapidity spectra of various hadrons and the effect of flow on them is investigated by matching our predictions with the experimental data.
Considering degrowth from a feminist transrational peace perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

We are facing multiple global interlocking crises in the economic, ecological, and social realms. Sustainable economic degrowth recognizes the hegemonic economic growth paradigm as a key problem. As a solution, it aims to promote a just downscaling of the economy, from interdisciplinary perspectives. While equality is a crucial component for degrowth advocates, the movement lacks an engagement with feminist theory. This work seeks to identify how feminism might enhance and promote the degrowth movement. This study provides a theoretical examination of the fields of degrowth and feminism as well as related areas, from a peace perspective, by engaging in conceptual analysis, deconstruction, and critical thinking. The peace perspective includes a notion of the epistemological shift coined by Martinez Guzman (2000) and links with transrational peace research by Dietrich (2018). The analysis shows that capitalism is dependent on economic growth, yielding patriarchal features. Feminism, which promotes the abolishment of patriarchy is a heterogeneous movement whereby the pursuit and promotion of individual choices prevails, turning the overall canon of feminism into a neo-liberal market of ideas within the growth paradigm. I propose that a feminism useful for the degrowth context should (1) pursue gender equality, (2) recognize the deep-lying cultural roots of patriarchal violence, (3) consider intersectionality, and (4) have an awareness of the parallels between oppression of women and oppression of nature. From a transrational peace perspective, a parallel between patriarchal features in the economic logic based on scarcity and the oppression of women can be seen, considering the significance of feminine and masculine principles as described by adjacent fields of study. In conclusion, degrowth may be enhanced and promoted by adopting a growth-critical ecofeminist, transrational perspective. Open research lines include testing the applicability of such insights in the practical realm.
Talking shop: Chris Candlin and Ted Rodgers: Curriculum and syllabus design

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the spring of 1984 Chris Candlin, Professor of Applied Linguistics at the University of Lancaster, England, was on study leave at the University of Hawaii. There he had the opportunity to record a conversation with Ted Rodgers, who is Professor of Psycholinguistics at the University, and Director of the Hawaii English Program,1 in which he has been involved for some eighteen years. The discussion, of which excerpts are transcribed below, centred on what in British circles is called ‘syllabus design’, and in American English is known (more aptly so far as the topics explored here are concerned) as ‘curriculum design’.
Kidney Stones: Understand, identify and get effective relief from 1 homeopathic treatment?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Kidney Stones, also referred to as Calculi in medical terminology, represent a common health issue characterized by the formation of solid deposits in the kidneys, bladder, or gallbladder. These deposits are typically composed of various salts and minerals that aggregate due to metabolic imbalances, hormonal disruptions, and dietary irregularities. Several factors contribute to the formation of kidney stones, including dehydration, poor dietary choices, and digestive system disorders. A range of medical treatments is available for managing kidney stones, among which homeopathic medicine presents a significant and effective alternative. Homeopathy, a natural medical system, promotes the body's inherent healing processes by administering remedies tailored to the symptoms and underlying causes of the condition. The objective of this research paper is to provide an in-depth understanding of the various types of kidney stones, their causative factors, and the homeopathic approach to treatment. Kidney stones are classified into different types based on their chemical composition, including calcium stones, struvite stones, uric acid stones, and cystine stones. The scientific perspective on kidney stone formation involves complex biochemical processes that elucidate the mechanisms behind their development. From a homeopathic perspective, treatment involves selecting remedies based on the patient’s specific symptoms, the nature of pain, changes in urine, and other related signs. Homeopathic remedies such as Berberis Vulgaris, Lycopodium, Sarsaparilla, Calcarea Carb, and Ocimum Canum are considered appropriate for addressing different symptoms and types of kidney stones. Modern medical treatments for kidney stones include medications, lithotripsy, and surgical options. However, homeopathic medicine offers a natural and less invasive alternative, potentially providing effective relief from kidney stones. This research paper integrates information on the causes, symptoms, and various medical approaches to managing kidney stones. It highlights the effectiveness of homeopathic treatment and suggests that a balanced diet, adequate water intake, and appropriate medical choices play crucial roles in the successful management of kidney stones. Ultimately, the aim of this research paper is to offer a comprehensive perspective on kidney stone treatment, elucidating the benefits and limitations of various medical approaches, and emphasizing the advantageous aspects of homeopathic medicine.
Expression of E-cadherin in primary oral squamous cell carcinoma and metastatic lymph nodes: An immunohistochemical study

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Background: E-cadherin plays an important role in cell-to-cell adhesion and cell motility and its loss is associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) progression. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of E-cadherin in various grades of OSCC and to correlate changes in the expression between these various grades and metastatic lymph nodes. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect E-cadherin expression in normal oral mucosa, primary OSCC ( n = 37), and metastatic lymph nodes ( n = 10). E-cadherin immunoreactivity was correlated with grades of differentiation and with clinicopathological features. Results: E-cadherin immunoreactivity was found to inversely correlate with the loss of cell differentiation. The expression of E-cadherin decreased significantly in advanced cases of OSCC. However, increase in E-cadherin immunoreactivity was seen in early lesions, that is, in well differentiated ( n = 9) and moderately differentiated OSCC ( n = 13). Furthermore, E-cadherin was negative in majority of metastatic lymph nodes (7/10). Conclusions: Loss of the cell adhesion and E-cadherin plays an important role in progression of OSCC, that is, down regulation of its expression is associated with de-differentiation and metastasis.