jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Assessing endocrine and immune parameters in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients before and after the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objective The present study compares immune and endocrine parameters between HIV-infected patients who underwent the Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS-P) during antiretroviral therapy (ART) and HIV-patients who did not undergo the syndrome (non-IRIS-P). Materials and methods Blood samples were obtained from 31 HIV-infected patients (15 IRIS-P and 16 non-IRIS-P) before ART (BT) and 48 ± 2 weeks after treatment initiation (AT). Plasma Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Interleukin-18 (IL-18) were determined by ELISA. Cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and thyroxin concentrations were measured using chemiluminescence immune methods. Results Concentrations of IL-6 (7.9 ± 1.9 pg/mL) and IL-18 (951.5 ± 233.0 pg/mL) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in IRIS-P than in non-IRIS-P (3.9 ± 1.0 pg/mL and 461.0 ± 84.4 pg/mL, respectively) BT. Mean T4 plasma level significantly decreased in both groups of patients after treatment (p < 0.05). In both groups cortisol levels were similar before and after ART (p > 0.05). Levels of DHEA-S in IRIS-P decreased AT (1080.5 ± 124.2 vs. 782.5 ± 123.8 ng/mL, p < 0.05) and they were significantly lower than in non-IRIS-P (782.5 ± 123.8 vs. 1203.7 ± 144.0 ng/mL, p < 0.05). IRIS-P showed higher values of IL-6 and IL-18 BT and lower levels of DHEA-S AT than in non-IRIS-P. Conclusion These parameters could contribute to differentiate IRIS-P from non-IRIS-P. The significant decrease in DHEA-S levels in IRIS-P after ART might suggest a different adrenal response in these patients, which may reflect the severity of the disease.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF OSMOPHORES IN RESTREPIA (ORCHIDACEAE)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Osmophores of the myophilous genus Restrepia (Orchidaceae) were studied developmentally at the ultrastructural level. They are located at petal apices and on the adaxial surface of the dorsal sepal apex. Up to and through anthesis a dense, osmiophilic exudate is synthesized probably in endoplasmic reticulum or in plastids of papillose epidermal cells, and then appears to be transported through the plasmalemma by granulocrine elimination. As the exudate is amassed, the cuticle ruptures to form numerous pores that extend from the cell wall. Mitochondria and amyloplasts are especially abundant at anthesis. From anthesis to post‐anthesis, lipid droplets appear in the cytoplasm and vacuoles of epidermal cells, and frequency of cell organelles drops markedly with increasing vacuolation.
Analysis of DME Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Combustion

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The characteristics of auto-ignition of DME/Air mixture in Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine were investigated by numerical calculation with elementary reactions and experiment. Calculations were carried out using Di-Methyl Ether (DME) elementary reactions at 0 dimension and adiabatic condition.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">DME is paid attention as the alternative fuel of next generation because of its possibility to take the place of conventional fossil fuels. DME has good characteristics of auto-ignition and combustion with low flame temperature, and makes no soot because of its molecular structure. In autoignition process, DME shows two-stage combustion, heat release with low temperature reaction (LTR) and high temperature reaction (HTR). This characteristic is similar to higher hydrocarbons such as gasoline in auto-ignition process.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In this study, analysis of HCCI combustion of DME/Air mixture was carried out by using numerical calculation and comparing with experimental results. In calculation, the CHEMKIN II, SENKIN and Curran's DME elementary reaction scheme were used. It was assumed that the temperature, pressure and composition of the mixture are always spatially uniform and the mixture is adiabatic. The calculation was carried out with changing equivalence ratio and initial temperature. Low temperature reaction and high temperature reaction mechanisms are investigated. Necessary factor for high combustion efficiency and low emissions are also investigated.</div>
Plasma antibody responses to legume grain proteins in weaned piglets : [Preprint]

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

We conducted experiments to investigate the immunogenicity of legumes in weaned piglets. Diets contained either casein (control) or an equal protein mixture of casein and raw pea, faba bean, blue lupin, white or black chickpeas, or soya bean meal as protein sources. After four weeks of feeding, jugular blood was collected and plasma analysed for anti-legume protein IgG antibodies. ELISA antibody titres to crude legume protein extracts were higher in the legume-fed piglets than in the controls, except for pea. This was accounted for by higher titres to the 7S, but not to the 11S, legume storage protein fraction. Western blotting revealed many immunogenic proteins corresponding mostly to the 7S family. Minor proteins of chickpea were also found to be highly immunogenic. Overall faba bean and chickpea were the most immunogenic.
Chirita leprosa sp. nov. (Gesneriaceae) from limestone areas in Guangxi, China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Chirita leprosa Yan Liu & W. B. Xu, a new species of Gesneriaceae from Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is similar to C. wangiana Z. Y. Li, but differs by the leaf blade being elliptic to broadly elliptic, bracts broadly ovate, corolla pale yellow, filaments ca 9 mm long, geniculate near the middle, staminodes 3, and by a different flowering period (Oct–Nov).
Induction of Giant Endothelial Cells in Culture by K-252a, a Protein Kinase Inhibitor

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

K-252a, a protein kinase inhibitor with a wide spectrum of activity, inhibited the serum-stimulated proliferation of cultured bovine carotid endothelial cells dose-dependently, and all the cells became remarkably large, with a diameter of more than 150 microns at K-252a concentrations of 0.3-1 microgram/ml. This effect of the agent was reproducible under the conditions described in this article. When the endothelial cells became abnormally large by K-252a, the surface area of the cell became wider, and the F-actin molecules increased in both number and length. Despite their abnormal size, K-252a-induced giant cells maintained at least three physiological functions characteristic to normal endothelial cells: 1) ability to take up acetylated low density lipoprotein, 2) ability to produce and secrete endothelin and 3) ability to respond via an increase of [Ca2+]i to the stimulation by bradykinin. These observations suggest that K-252a-induced giant cells are useful tools for examining the function of endothelial cells because it is very reproducible and can be produced by an easy treatment.
Capitalism’s Invisible Innovators: Historical Evidence from Mechanized Reapers and Cloud Computing

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Existing theories of technological innovation posit a split between the incremental innovations produced by large incumbents and the radical innovations produced by entrepreneurial start-ups. This study presents empirical evidence challenging this foundational assumption by demonstrating that entrepreneurs play a leading role, not a subordinate role, in sourcing incremental innovations through secondary inventions and design modifications. In making this argument, I present parallels between two separate instances involving the diffusion of radical innovations: the mechanized reaper (1804 – 1884) and cloud computing services (1960 – 2011). Although these technologies arose in markedly different environments and eras, each instance demonstrates that without the sustained introduction of secondary inventions and design modifications by entrepreneurs, the dominant designs would have remained dormant. Applying the techniques of historical econometrics, this study reveals that among the highest-ranked incremental innovations leading to the commercialization of the mechanized reaper and cloud computing services, nearly 90% were attributable to entrepreneurial start-ups. Paradoxically, however, an entrepreneurial start-up had only a one in fourteen chance of garnering returns from a reaper innovation and a one in nine chance of gains from a cloud computing improvement.
The Effect Of Shenqi Health Protection Wine on Immune Function of Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective:To explore the effection of Shenqi Health Protection Wine on immune function of immunosupressed mice.Methods:phagocytosis of macrophages,delayed type hypersensitivity test and serum hemolysin test were employed to evaluade the effects of non-specific and specific immunologic function of immunosupressed mice.Results:Shenqi Health Protection Wine could enhance the phagocytesis function of macrophage,could strengthen the delayed hypersensitivity of hydrocortisone induced immunosupressed mice,could increase serum hemolysin level of rats.Conclusions:the results show that Shenqi Health Protection Wine could increase non-specific and specific immunologic function of immunosupressed mice.
Exploring a relationship between students’ interpreting self-efficacy and performance: triangulating data on interpreter performance assessment

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Interpreting Self-Efficacy (ISE) is the belief one holds about their own interpreting capabilities. One of the first instruments to measure this self-belief is S.-B. Lee's ISE scale, a statistically sound self-report questionnaire designed to measure the ISE levels of undergraduate students majoring in consecutive interpreting (Cronbach's α = .896). In theory, this scale helps to predict how successful a student will be in an interpreting task. The present study aims to show whether there is a strong correlation between ISE and actual performance among undergraduate students. For this purpose, the study was conducted in three steps. First, the ISE scale was administered to 33 undergraduate students enrolled in an advanced course on consecutive interpreting, in order to measure the students' ISE levels. Second, the students' interpreting performances were assessed on multiple occasions, using triangulation involving three different assessor groups, namely the classroom teacher, peer students, and external raters. Third, statistical analysis was performed to find out whether there is a relationship (and what kind of relationship exists) between the students' ISE and performance levels. Findings from this study and their implications for interpreter training are also discussed.
Inclusion of Islamic Factor into Topology of Modern Western Identity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article is devoted to the problem of topology of identity in modern world. The topology of identity is formed by scope of social interaction, where particular attention is paid to internal freedom, individuality, perception of personality as agent and active participant in social processes. The article analyzes the meaning of the notions individual, subject, actor and actant, which are used to form the system of identity. It is being proved that the models of personal identity are associated with sociocultural environment sufficiently stronger than it has been believed in the 1980s--1990s. This can be considered as a reason of cultural rejection and social confrontation in modern world. A hypothesis is proposed that such criteria of identity as citizenship, nationality, religious affiliation appear to be exteriorization of a social agent. Today the problem of identity has shifted from variability of modern sociocultural processes, theoretical scope to practical application as globalization as destruction of steady forms of religious- substantiation of globalization processes and social cultural, territorial-political and state-national localities. transformations of modern societies. Among negative Exactly these forms constituted the frame of identity aspects of this problem it is possible to mention the measurements for previous historical epochs. However, system of phobias against presence of Muslims in modern concept of globalization is based on the principle European countries and USA, anxiety for integrity of of mobility and possibility to combine numerous elements European Christian identity. The reason of this situation of personal identity. This is not the development of is devotion of European consciousness to modern theory compulsory scheme based on single European (Christian), of personal identity and traditional correlation of the Islamic or any other cultural model. system of sociocultural values with geographical space. Topological approach to consideration of identity Today, the concept of identity topology is actualized as problem requires for alteration of attitude to determination dependence of a human on environment, social roles, of role of space, where manifestation of the Self takes status and vice a versa - environment on human. place. Understanding of the Self as ability to create unity Existence of a bearer of alien culture in culturally is the heritage of the 19 century which should be homogeneous society always initiates interaction, coordinated with modern concepts of personal identity. which leads to changes of all participants in the contact. This was emphasized by A. Touraine, who insisted that As a result, the structure of society itself and models of the Self of modern human, despite all manifestation of social practices significantly vary criteria of social individualism, completely obeys to social integration,
Predicting oxidation and spin states by high-dimensional neural networks: Applications to lithium manganese oxide spinels

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Lithium ion batteries often contain transition metal oxides such as LixMn2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 2). Depending on the Li content, different ratios of MnIII to MnIV ions are present. In combination with electron hopping, the Jahn–Teller distortions of the MnIIIO6 octahedra can give rise to complex phenomena such as structural transitions and conductance. While for small model systems oxidation and spin states can be determined using density functional theory (DFT), the investigation of dynamical phenomena by DFT is too demanding. Previously, we have shown that a high-dimensional neural network potential can extend molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of LixMn2O4 to nanosecond time scales, but these simulations did not provide information about the electronic structure. Here, we extend the use of neural networks to the prediction of atomic oxidation and spin states. The resulting high-dimensional neural network is able to predict the spins of the Mn ions with an error of only 0.03 ℏ. We find that the Mn eg electrons are correctly conserved and that the number of Jahn–Teller distorted MnIIIO6 octahedra is predicted precisely for different Li loadings. A charge ordering transition is observed between 280 K and 300 K, which matches resistivity measurements. Moreover, the activation energy of the electron hopping conduction above the phase transition is predicted to be 0.18 eV, deviating only 0.02 eV from experiment. This work demonstrates that machine learning is able to provide an accurate representation of both the geometric and the electronic structure dynamics of LixMn2O4 on time and length scales that are not accessible by ab initio MD.
Preparation of Tetrabenzo[4.4.2]undecastarphene by On‐Surface Synthesis

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A large dissymmetric starphene molecule, the tetrabenzo[ a , c , u , w ]naphtho[2,3‐ l ]nonaphene, was obtained by first preparing a soluble precursor which was then sublimated on a Au(111) surface in an ultra‐high vacuum. In a second step, controlled annealings from 200 °C to 275 °C initiated two successive cyclodehydrogenation steps with the formation of 3 new carbon‐carbon bonds. A second conformer was also stable enough during the annealing step to give another compound in similar yield, the benzodibenzo[7,8,9,10]naphthaceno[2,1‐ h ]phenanthro[9,10‐ p ]hexaphene. The formation of this more‐hindered species stresses the importance of strong molecule‐surface interactions during the cyclodehydrogenations steps of these large polyaromatic hydrocarbons.
Figure 3 from NCI’s Proteomic Data Commons: A Cloud-Based Proteomics Repository Empowering Comprehensive Cancer Analysis through Cross-Referencing with Genomic and Imaging Data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

<p>Cross referencing to genomic and imaging resources for individual cases. Example of cross-referencing (<b>A</b>) on the Clinical tab of PDC’s Explore page; <b>B,</b> on the Clinical tab and External References section of PDC study summary pages.</p>
The Biconical Outflow in the Seyfert Galaxy NGC 2992

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report on a detailed kinematic study of the galactic-scale outflow in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 2992. The TAURUS-2 Imaging Fabry-Perot Interferometer was used on the Anglo-Australian 3.9-m telescope to derive the two-dimensional velocity field of the Halpha-emitting gas over the central arcminute of NGC 2992. The complete two-dimensional coverage of the data combined with simple kinematic models of rotating axisymmetric disks allows us to differentiate the outflowing material from the line-emitting material associated with the galactic disk. The kinematics of the disk component out to R = 3.0 kpc are well modeled by pure circular rotation. The outflow component is distributed into two wide cones with opening angle of 125 -- 135 degrees and extending 2.8 kpc (18") on both sides of the nucleus at nearly right angles to the disk kinematic major axis. The outflow on the SE side of the nucleus is made of two distinct kinematic components interpreted as the front and back walls of a cone. The azimuthal velocity gradient in the back-wall component reflects residual rotational motion which indicates either that the outflowing material was lifted from the disk or that the underlying galactic disk is contributing slightly to this component. A single outflow component is detected in the NW cone. The most likely energy source for this outflow is a hot bipolar thermal wind powered on sub-kpc scale by the AGN and diverted along the galaxy minor axis by the pressure gradient of the ISM in the host galaxy. The data are not consistent with a starburst-driven wind or a collimated outflow powered by radio jets. (abridged)
Effect of β nucleating agent and rotational shear on morphology and mechanical properties of polypropylene pipes

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

Herein, we report a new method of introducing circumferential shear to PP pipes via a self-designed Rotational Shear System (RSS) with the addition of a β-nucleating agent (TMB-5). The prepared PP pipes exhibited remarkable enhancement in toughening and tensile strength over conventional PP pipes: incorporating 0.025 wt% of the nucleating agent into the sheared sample increased the elongation at break to 243.30%. At 0.05 wt% nucleating agent content, an optimal tensile strength of 40.98 MPa was attained compared to 33.62 MPa for unsheared PP, and the elongation at break also reached 108.09%. In creep tests, the PP pipes prepared with nucleating agents and shear rotation exhibited a minimum displacement of 2.1 mm and the lowest creep rate of 3.23×10− 5 mm/s. In addition, the samples also showed a high resistance to crack growth compared to conventional PP pipes with a crack initiation time of 24 h and a crack growth rate of 0.08 mm/s.
Development of a Music and Movement Program for First-time Mothers of Young Infants

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This paper reports the use of music and movement to enhance the mother-infant relationship through a music education program designed for mothers with infants under the age of six months. The program aimed to assist first-time mothers with the building of a repertoire of music and movement activities for their developing infant, and to provide a stimulus for the gaining of mutually rewarding interplay. Thirty-nine first-time mothers and their infants (including a non-participant control group of twenty-two) participated in the study. Data were obtained using pre-test and post test questionnaires about the mothers' use of music and movement with their infants. The results indicate that the program was successful in extending the repertoire of music and movement activities and developing mutually rewarding interplay between mothers and infants. Many mothers reported that the program assisted them to form a social network. For these mothers, the sharing of time together using music and movement broke the social isolation and enabled them to contribute ideas and experiences in a supportive environment.
HIV51007-2.2 7. External Memory Interfaces in HardCopy III Devices

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This chapter describes the hardware features that support high-speed memory interfacing for each double data rate (DDR) memory standard in HardCopy ® III devices. HardCopy III devices feature delay-locked loops (DLLs), phase-locked loops (PLLs), dynamic on-chip termination (OCT), read-and-write leveling, and deskew circuitry. This chapter contains the following sections: ■ “Memory Interfaces Pin Support ” on page 7–3 ■ “HardCopy III External Memory Interface Features ” on page 7–15 Similar to the Stratix ® III I/O structure, the HardCopy III I/O structure has been redesigned to provide flexible and high-performance support for existing and emerging external memory standards. These include high-performance DDR memory standards such as DDR3, DDR2, DDR SDRAM, QDRII+, QDRII SRAM, and RLDRAM II. HardCopy III devices offer the same external memory interface features found in Stratix III devices. These features include DLLs, PLLs, dynamic OCT, trace mismatch compensation, read-and-write leveling, deskew circuitry, half data rate (HDR) blocks, 4- to 36-bit DQ group widths, and DDR external memory support on all sides of the HardCopy III device. HardCopy III devices provide an efficient architecture to quickly and easily fit wide external memory interfaces with the small modular I/O bank structure. 1 HardCopy III devices are designed to support the same I/O standards and implementation guidelines for external memory interfaces as Stratix III devices. In addition, the Quartus ® II timing analysis tool (TimeQuest Timing Analyzer) provides a complete solution for the highest reliable frequency of operation across process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations. 1 PLL reconfiguration is not required for AltMEMPHY-based designs. The AltMEMPHY megafunction has an auto calibration feature so implementing PLL reconfiguration does not add value. f For more information about the ALTMEMPHY megafunction, refer to the External