jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nasal potential difference to detect Na+channel dysfunction in acute lung injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pulmonary fluid clearance is regulated by the active transport of Na + and Cl − through respiratory epithelial ion channels. Ion channel dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of various pulmonary fluid disorders including high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Nasal potential difference (NPD) measurement allows an in vivo investigation of the functionality of these channels. This technique has been used for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis, the archetypal respiratory ion channel disorder, for over a quarter of a century. NPD measurements in HAPE and RDS suggest constitutive and acquired dysfunction of respiratory epithelial Na + channels. Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by pulmonary edema due to alveolar epithelial-interstitial-endothelial injury. NPD measurement may enable identification of critically ill ALI patients with a susceptible phenotype of dysfunctional respiratory Na + channels and allow targeted therapy toward Na + channel function.
STRATEGY EXECUTION IN HIGHER EDUCATION

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This case study deals with a regional college of health care education that has been acquired by a private
education operator. The focus is on tools such as the Balanced Scorecard, target costing, cost of quality,
and Value-based Management. The case can serve as both a discussion basis in class as well as an
exam for students in management, operations, strategy, health care, and accounting. The case illustrates
how business managers and medical faculty can jointly optimize strategy execution in a college, analyze
the value-creating components of the curriculum, and understand the dynamics of investing into higher
quality. The open questions at the end of the case study allow for an adjustment to the level of knowledge
of the students. They also serve the purpose of raising students’ awareness of the limits of traditional
financial control in hybrid, social enterprises. Students will need to reflect on how random cost reductions
conflict with employer expectations, the mission of a college and the policies of regulators.
Perceptions of Political, Academic, and Corporate Leaders: Higher Education Accountability in Georgia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to examine Georgia political, academic, and corporate leaders’ perceptions of higher education accountability. A case study design was used to gain indepth information. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 23 participants. The findings of the study included the following: 1. Nearly every participant believed the mission and purpose higher education involved providing students with the skills and abilities needed to obtain gainful employment, and thereby make a positive impact on the economic development of the state of Georgia. 2. Approximately half of the participants believed higher education should cultivate an engaged citizenry. 3. No consensus was reached regarding the definition of accountability or the purpose of higher education accountability. However, nearly half of the participants used the words responsible or responsibility as part of the definition of accountability and almost half felt the purpose of higher education accountability was to demonstrate a return on investment to stakeholders. 4. Only one evidence, graduation rates, was identified as an acceptable and valid reflection of accountability by more than half of the participants. 5. The majority of the participants stated the best way to share accountability evidence to stakeholders was to improve the quality, type, and methods for communicating that information. 6. The majority of participants stated the most important step higher education could take to improve performance accountability was to work to improve communication with stakeholders.
Sebaceous Carcinoma Associated with Breast Cancer, Stomach Cancer, and Colon Cancer: Muir-Torre Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Copyright © 2013 The Korean Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. www.e-acfs.org pISSN 2287-1152 eISSN 2287-5603 65 유방암, 위암, 대장암과 동반된 피지선암
Development of Image Processing Algoritm for Determining the Maturity of Fresh Mangosteen

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

One of important factor in post harvest handling is cropping at correct maturity level. Fruit maturity relates to age pluck vegetable or fruit to be harvested have old enough or not yet. Grading represent dissociation of product becomes some group quality of pursuant to maturity level, size measure, color, form, heavy, texture, aroma and freedom from foreign object or dirt.The objective of this research is to predict the maturity of fresh mangosteen by means of an image processing algorithm. In this study, four stages maturity (120, 126, 132 and 138 days after flowering) were used as objects with 33,37,40,40 samples for each stages of maturity. The image processing program to analyze the relationship between the maturity and the color, size, and shape of fruits.
Homo sapiens-Specific Binding Site Variants within Brain Exclusive Enhancers Are Subject to Accelerated Divergence across Human Population

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Empirical assessments of human accelerated noncoding DNA frgaments have delineated presence of many cis-regulatory elements. Enhancers make up an important category of such accelerated cis-regulatory elements that efficiently control the spatiotemporal expression of many developmental genes. Establishing plausible reasons for accelerated enhancer sequence divergence in Homo sapiens has been termed significant in various previously published studies. This acceleration by including closely related primates and archaic human data has the potential to open up evolutionary avenues for deducing present-day brain structure. This study relied on empirically confirmed brain exclusive enhancers to avoid any misjudgments about their regulatory status and categorized among them a subset of enhancers with an exceptionally accelerated rate of lineage specific divergence in humans. In this assorted set, 13 distinct transcription factor binding sites were located that possessed unique existence in humans. Three of 13 such sites belonging to transcription factors SOX2, RUNX1/3, and FOS/JUND possessed single nucleotide variants that made them unique to H. sapiens upon comparisons with Neandertal and Denisovan orthologous sequences. These variants modifying the binding sites in modern human lineage were further substantiated as single nucleotide polymorphisms via exploiting 1000 Genomes Project Phase3 data. Long range haplotype based tests laid out evidence of positive selection to be governing in African population on two of the modern human motif modifying alleles with strongest results for SOX2 binding site. In sum, our study acknowledges acceleration in noncoding regulatory landscape of the genome and highlights functional parts within it to have undergone accelerated divergence in present-day human population.
Framing Public Health and Pharmacy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This chapter incorporates a number of global perspectives of pharmacy and public health, including international perspectives (e.g., World Health Organization, macro-level), regional perspectives (e.g., European Union, meso-level), and national (e.g., country, micro-level) perspectives. This chapter provides a broader understanding of how issues in pharmacy and public health are framed and reframed as the field moves from a national understanding of pharmacy and public health to broader regional and global understandings. It also shows show there are significant commonalities and differences in the practice, education, and research in the disciplines and careers of pharmacy and public health. Topics covered include integrated delivery of health care, preventive health services, public–private sector partnerships, global health, public health engagement, public health surveillance, public health practice, and public health systems research.
Monument to Vasa Carapic in Belgrade

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the beginning of the second half of the 20thcentury, a generation of artists formed before 1941 produced a wealth of public monuments. This generation of sculptors, educated under the influence of academism and Art Nouveau, retained their stylistic inclinations, expressing the aesthetics of traditional plastic arts. This aesthetic approach was responsive to the ideological demands placed upon the artists, that is, in line with socially engaged art - the prevailing socialist realism of the 1950s. In this context, the Monument to Vasa Čarapić, created in 1951, represents both a significant work of art from that period, and the most successful artistic achievements of its author. This monument is also one of the earliest and, at the same time, representative examples of a new discourse of the Yugoslav public sculpture in 1950s, deviating from prevailing trends of the presentation of motifs from the National Liberation War.
VTA Lamotrigine microinfusions accelerate the development of cocaine sensitisation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Support or Funding Information 2SC1GM084854‐05A1 5R25GM061838‐15 2G12‐RR003051 8G12‐MD007600 Dopaminergic projections arising from ventral tegmental area (VTA) play a key role on drug induced effects in the mesocorticolimbic system. Chronic cocaine administration produces an increased VTA dopamine (DA) cell excitability. VTA DA neurons express a large hyperpolarization activated cation current, known as Ih, that contributes to the electrophysiological properties of neurons in the CNS. We hypothesized that Ih ‐enhances VTA DA cell activity during the development of cocaine sensitization. Cocaine sensitization is the progressive escalation of psychomotor responses that results with repeated cocaine administration. We performed intra VTA microinfusions of Lamotrigine (LTG), an Ih current enhancer. Male Sprague‐Dawley rats (250–300g) were anesthetized and stereotaxically implanted with bilateral 26‐gauge cannulas in the VTA. Animals were divided as following: Vehicle/Saline, LTG/Saline, Vehicle/Cocaine, LTG/Cocaine (microinjections/i.p. injections, respectively). Daily LTG microinjections (0.1ug bilateral) were administered for 7 days. Cocaine treated rats (15 mg/kg, i.p.) were injected 10–15 minutes after the LTG microinfusion. Locomotor activity was recorded for 1 hour every day. On day 8, rats received a first cocaine challenge in the absence of LTG. After a 7 days withdrawal period, a second cocaine challenge was performed. Total ambulatory and stereotype activities were analyzed using One‐Way ANOVA followed by Newman‐Keuls Test. LTG/Cocaine rats showed a significant increase in the acute response to cocaine (p< 0.01). Moreover, these animals developed sensitization two days before the control group. Their locomotor response to cocaine during days 1–3 was significantly higher (p< 0.01) compared to Vehicle/Cocaine rats. However, during cocaine challenge, when no LTG was administered the LTG/Cocaine group's locomotor activity was not significantly different from the Vehicle/Cocaine group. We postulate that LTG in the VTA, acting through the Ih current, enhances neural excitability caused by chronic cocaine administration. Taken together, our data suggest that an enhanced Ih current activity in the VTA may contribute to a greater susceptibility to cocaine neurobiological effect.
Modal Identification of Aerodynamic Models for Spanwise Lift Distribution Control

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work presents modal identification results for the unsteady three-dimensional flow around a wing featuring multiple trailing edge flaps. The unsteady spanwise lift distribution is modeled using the unsteady vortex lattice method, which yields a linear, time-invariant, high-order state-space model. The eigensystem realization algorithm is applied for model order reduction and modal identification, providing aerodynamic mode shapes and associated eigenvalues. The wing is considered rigid, so that the dynamic mode shapes associated with the spanwise lift distribution are purely aerodynamic. It is observed that the spatial-temporal discretization of the numerical model and flap dimensions inherently limit the number of modes that can be properly identified. Open-loop simulation results demonstrate the modal behavior of the aerodynamic system. Finally, aerodynamic mode shapes for different wing planforms are also presented for comparison. By expanding the system output (lift distribution) as a truncated superposition of aerodynamic mode shapes, a low-order multiple-input and multiple-output modal representation can be obtained, suitable for controller synthesis. Ultimately, this novel approach will be applied to gust alleviation, in order to keep a desired lift distribution profile using shape control techniques.
Clinical Observation of Phacoemulsification Combined with Intravitreal Injection of Conbercept in Cataract Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim. To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of phacoemulsification surgery combined with intravitreal injection of conbercept in cataract patients with DME. Methods. This is a prospective clinical cohort study. Thirty-five cataract patients (49 eyes) with DME were divided into two groups. The observation group (23 eyes) underwent a cataract phacoemulsification surgery combined with intravitreal injection of conbercept 0.5 mg; the control group (26 eyes) underwent a cataract phacoemulsification surgery only. The visual acuity, central macular thickness (CMT), IOP, and anterior chamber flare were examined before surgery and 1 week and one month after surgery. Results. The UCVA and BCVA in Log MAR in the observation group were lower than those in the control group at 1 week ( p = 0.032 ; p = 0.041 ) and 1 month ( p = 0.035 ; p = 0.039 ), respectively, after the surgery. The CMT of the observation group changed from 492.7 ± 32.2 μm before surgery to 341.6 ± 59.9 μm one week after surgery and 374.8 ± 48.3 μm one month after surgery. The CMT of control group increased after surgery. There was no significant difference in IOP and flare between the two groups at all following times. Conclusion. In patients with DME, undergoing a cataract surgery combined with intravitreal injection of conbercept is safe and effective for visual improvement and CMT declination with relatively fewer IOP and flare fluctuation.
Rekanalizacija striktura uretre privremenim prekrivenim biokompatibilnim metalnim endoprotezama nove generacije

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The male urethral stricture treatment is actual clinical issue with its resolution being increasingly frequently based on application of minimum invasive therapeutic interventional uroradiology methods. Since the methodology is applied over the last two decades, the most reasonable therapeutic algorithm has not been defined yet with respect to the correlation with the contemporary surgical treatment. The results of application of the temporary covered self-expandable nitinol Allium stents, which have been applied for the first time ever at our Institution in October 2003. Over the last 3 years, the method was applied in 40 males, averagely aged 54 years with urethral strictures previously treated by urological methods. In four cases, stent placement was performed after endourethral incision. The most common etiology of the stricture was the posttraumatic (55 %), post-inflammatory (32%) and iatrogenic (10%). In all the cases, stents were removed 12-14 months after their insertions. The results are evaluated using uroflowmetry and urethrocystography, revealing in 85% of the cases permanent recanalization free of dysuric complaints. Development of a stricture on the anterior stent end was evidenced in 15% of the cases.
Captain Ivan-Blaž Lupis-Vukić inventor of torpedo

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Razvoj pomorskih mina.Torpedo R.Fultona. Konstrukcije I.B. Lupisovog camca-torpeda spasilac obale i pokusi.Suradnja sa engleskim inženjerom R.Whiteheadom, zajednicki patent.Konstrukcije i proizvodnja torpeda u Rijeci od 1874. Usavrsavanje automatizma i upravljanja torpeda u svijetu i u Rijeci. Proizvodnja do I. svjetskog rata.
AGRONOMY AND SOILS Soil Calcium: Magnesium Ratios and Lime Recommendations for Cotton

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Some crop managers are concerned that re-peated use of dolomite lime, which contains 10 to 15 % Mg, will produce excessively high soil Mg+2 levels relative to Ca+2 and reduce cotton (Gossy-pium hirsutum L.) K+ uptake and yields. Two cotton field experiments were conducted on well-drained soils to determine the short- and long-term effects of lime applications containing Mg. The first test compared the short-term effects of lime with low and high Mg content on soil characteristics and cotton lint yield. This experiment was conducted at Portageville, MO, in 2000 to 2002 on a field with pH salt 4.7 to compare the effectiveness of calcite (calcium carbonate) and dolomite (calcium mag-
Effect of the efflux pump inhibitor Phe-Arg- -naphthylamide on the MIC values of the quinolones, tetracycline and chloramphenicol, in Escherichia coli isolates of different origin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Sir, The main mechanisms of quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli include mutations in the gyrA and parC target genes and decreased intracellular accumulation.1 Active efflux pumps are important for intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance, and overexpression of efflux pumps affecting quinolones is becoming increasingly common in E. coli. Recently, efflux pump inhibitors have been investigated with a view to improving and potentiating the activity of exported antibiotics.2 Phe-Arg-β-naphthylamide has been described as a broad-spectrum efflux pump inhibitor in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.2 The effect of this inhibitor on fluoroquinolone susceptibilities in Enterobacter aerogenes,3 E. coli,4 P. aeruginosa,2 Acinetobacter baumannii5 and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia5 has also been studied, but not for nalidixic acid and other antimicrobial agents in E. coli. Therefore in this study, we analysed the influence of the Phe-Arg-β-naphthylamide (Sigma) inhibitor on the activity of quinolones, chloramphenicol and tetracycline against a collection of 60 E. coli isolates previously characterized with respect to amino acid changes in both GyrA and ParC proteins.6,7 The collection includes the strain Nor5, an in vitro selected quinolone-resistant mutant, in which the overexpression of MarA, SoxS and AcrA has been shown (J. Vila, B. Peter, J. Sanchez-Cespedes & M. Tario, unpublished data). The remaining 59 isolates were recovered from foods (n = 11), humans (n = 25) and animals (n = 23). Susceptibilities to nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin were studied by agar dilution in the presence or absence of 20 mg/L of Phe-Arg-β-naphthylamide, in accordance with NCCLS guidelines. All of the 60 E. coli isolates showed an MIC value of >256 mg/L to Phe-Arg-β-naphthylamide. Table 1 shows the effect of 20 mg/L of the inhibitor Phe-Arg-β-naphthylamide on the MIC values of the five tested antibiotics in 60 E. coli isolates with different numbers of amino acid changes in GyrA and T ab le 1 . M IC v al ue s (i n m g/ L ) of th e fi ve te st ed a nt ib io tic s in th e pr es en ce o r ab se nc e of 2 0 m g/ L o f P he -A rg β -n ap ht hy la m id e in a s er ie s of 6 0 E . c ol i i so la te s or ga ni ze d
Leprosy Diagnosed as Syringomyelia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

MBILJcyst was derived from a congenital duplication of the large intestine.The cyst described in this paper and the retroperitoneal cyst of Hughes and Greene bear a close resemblance histologically, the endothelial foam cells and giant cells found in both suggesting a breaking down of fat cells following infection; but, whereas theirs was unilocular and lay on the antimesenteric border of the gut, the one now reported was multilocular and invaded the appendices epiploicae.It is possible that the two cysts may have a similar origin, which may be explained in the way suggested by Hughes and Greene.The importance of this type of cyst is its clinical resemblance to carcinoma of the colon.I am indebted to Dr. Mary E.
Overall gene alterations from swab acquired tumor samples (patients 2–30) is similar to landscape of TCGA cervical squamous cell carcinoma dataset.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>(A) Ninety-four percent (1339/1430) of altered genes in baseline samples (defined as substitutions, insertions or deletions in gene) were also identified in the TCGA dataset, suggesting accurate identification of mutated genes related to cervical cancer. (B) The distribution of the top 30 most altered genes in study samples 2–30 and in TCGA(C) was also similar.</p> <p>(TIF)</p>
Point Counter-Point

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We read with interest the article “Another case of bisphosphonate-induced orbital inflammation” (1). We commend the authors for a comprehensive appraisal that included detailed clinical and radiological documentation and establishment of a causal relationship between the offending drug and the clinical findings. However, we seek to refute the assertion that this case represents the first instance of orbital inflammation following bisphosphonate treatment of osteoporosis. We reported 3 menopausal middle-aged women taking alendronate (Fosamax; Merck, Whitehouse Station, NJ) for osteoporosis, 2 of whom developed manifestations consistent with orbital inflammation: myositis and posterior scleritis (2). Causal association was established similarly by the temporal relation with commencement and withdrawal of the drug. Subsequent reports of orbital inflammation associated with various bisphosphonates administered for osteoporosis have appeared in the literature and online (3-5). Indeed, some of these reports cite our original article. Most of these cases have responded well to drug withdrawal and systemic corticosteroid therapy. Of note, rechallenge with intravenous zoledronate produced a recurrence (3). Fraunfelder et al (6) likewise observed recurrent scleritis on rechallenge with pamidronate. We believe that this association with variants of nonspecific orbital inflammation, while uncommon, probably occurs more frequently than is recognized or reported. A variety of ocular inflammatory manifestations are present in an idiosyncratic manner with different generations and modes of administration of bisphosphonates. Since osteoporosis and autoimmune ocular diseases occur most commonly in middle-aged women, it is important that ophthalmologists are cognizant of the association of ocular and orbital inflammation with this class of drugs. Where a positive history is obtained, we urge consideration of drug withdrawal in the management plan. Joyce N. Mbekeani, FRCS, FRCOphth Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York Thomas L. Slamovits, MD Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York [email protected]