jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Rapid Communication Variation of soilmagnetism across the Russian steppe: its significance for use of soil magnetism as a palaeorainfall proxy

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Modern soils across the Chinese Loess Plateau exhibit strong but disputed correlation between their pedogenic magnetic content and annual rainfall. A soil magnetism/rainfall transfer function could provide a quantitative proxy of Quaternary rainfall for this region. However, some argue that ‘magnetic dilution’, through spatially varying fluxes of weakly magnetic dust, controls the soil magnetic properties. Here, we test the soil magnetism/rainfall couple by examining 22 Russian steppe soils (free of present dust accumulation) across a climatic transect. From the semi-arid Caspian region to the more humid Caucasus, the soils display systematic increases in topsoil ferrimagnetic concentrations. With the exception of climate (and its co-variant, vegetation), soilforming factors are essentially constant across this stable area. Hence, the soil magnetic variations dominantly reflect climate and from statistical analysis, principally rainfall. Further, the Russian steppe magnetic/rainfall relationship matches that observed for the Chinese Loess Plateau. These independent data thus substantiate the soil magnetism/rainfall climofunction and, by inference, eliminate ‘dust dilution’ as a significant magnetic factor. r 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
p53 protects against formation of extrahepatic biliary precancerous lesions in the context of oncogenic Kras

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

KRAS and TP53 mutations are frequently observed in extrahepatic biliary cancer. Mutations of KRAS and TP53 are independent risk factors for poor prognosis in biliary cancer. However, the exact role of p53 in the development of extrahepatic biliary cancer remains elusive. In this study, we found that simultaneous activation of Kras and inactivation of p53 induces biliary neoplasms that resemble human biliary intraepithelial neoplasia in the extrahepatic bile duct and intracholecystic papillary-tubular neoplasm in the gall bladder in mice. However, inactivation of p53 was not sufficient for the progression of biliary precancerous lesions into invasive cancer in the context of oncogenic Kras within the observation period. This was also the case in the context of additional activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Thus, p53 protects against formation of extrahepatic biliary precancerous lesions in the context of oncogenic Kras.
Knowledge-Based Recommendation Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Knowledge-Base Recommendation (or Recommender) Systems (KBRS) provide the user with advice about a decision to make or an action to take. KBRS rely on knowledge provided by human experts, encoded in the system and applied to input data, in order to generate recommendations. This survey overviews the main ideas characterizing a KBRS. Using a classification framework, the survey overviews KBRS components, user problems for which recommendations are given, knowledge content of the system, and the degree of automation in producing recommendations.
Improving environmental robustness in large vocabulary speech recognition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes techniques to improve the robustness of the HTK large vocabulary speech recognition system to non-ideal acoustic environments. The primary methods are single-pass retraining using stereo training data; parallel model combination which combines HMMs trained on clean data with estimates of convolutional and additive noise; and maximum likelihood linear regression which estimates a set of linear transformations of the model parameters to the current conditions. Experiments are reported on both the 1994 ARPA CSR S5 (alternate microphones) and S10 (additive noise) spoken tasks and the 1995 ARPA CSR H3 task (multiple unknown microphones). The HTK system yielded the lowest error rates in both the H3-P0 and HS-C0 tests.
Binding of guanosine triphosphate and adenosine triphosphate by rabbit muscle adenosine monophosphate deaminase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBinding of guanosine triphosphate and adenosine triphosphate by rabbit muscle adenosine monophosphate deaminaseYasuko Tomozawa and Richard V. WolfendenCite this: Biochemistry 1970, 9, 17, 3400–3404Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00819a017https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00819a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views47Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Drying of Pharmaceuticals: The Applicability of Spouted Beds

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT This study evaluates the performance of conventional spouted beds (CSB) with inert bodies in the drying of pharmaceutical pastes, based on the dry product quality. The powder obtained by drying annatto extracts shows properties comparable to one of the commercial products, indicating that the spouting is competitive with other industrial and lab-scale processes. The contents of bixin and caffeine in annatto and guarana dry powders demonstrated a strong dependence on the inlet air temperature. Also, the properties of indomethacin-containing microcapsules dried in CSB and spray dryers revealed that spouting is a promising technique to obtain pharmaceutical forms with unique drug release qualities.
Butachlor safener combinations for weed control in direct-seeded puddled rice

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This article 'Butachlor safener combinations for weed control in direct-seeded puddled rice' appeared in the International Rice Research Notes series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and rice-based systems. The series is a mechanism to help scientists keep each other informed of current rice research findings. The concise scientific notes are meant to encourage rice scientists to communicate with one another to obtain details on the research reported.
Skin Sensitization to Remiderm and Cross-sensitization to Hydroxyquinoline Compounds

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Anaphylactoid Reaction to Penicillin-Fox EDITSHAL and usually, as in the present case, constructional apraxia will be detected with or without ideational apraxia, alexia, or sensory agnosia.Interpretation of Gerstmann's syndrome as an easily demonstrated and memorable pointer to diffuse cerebral damage accords well with this case, where there is no reason to suspect a highly focal lesion.Gerstmann's syndrome does not seem to have been reported in association with penicillin anaphylaxis.There can be little doubt that in this case the curious neurological manifestations were secondary to hypotension and cerebral oedema associated with anaphylactoid shock. SummaryAn anaphylactoid reaction to oral penicillin in a 46-year-old woman is described: after hours of unconsciousness and weeks of confusion she was left with a residual Gerstmann's syndrome.These reactions are less rare than is generally supposed.Symptomatology, treatment, diagnosis, and mechanism are discussed, and some of the relevant literature is briefly reviewed.Thanks are due to Dr. Harold W. Salmon for
MDGA1 Gene Variants and Risk for Restless Legs Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The MAM domain-containing glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor 1 (MDGA1) gene, which encodes a protein involved in synaptic inhibition, has been identified as a potential risk gene for restless legs syndrome. A recent study in the Chinese population described increased MDGA1 methylation levels in patients with idiopathic RLS (iRLS) compared to healthy controls. In this study, we investigated the possible association between the most common variants in the MDGA1 gene and the risk for iRLS in a Caucasian Spanish population. We assessed the frequencies of MDGA1 rs10947690, MDGA1 rs61151079, and MDGA1 rs79792089 genotypes and allelic variants in 263 patients with idiopathic RLS and 280 healthy controls using a specific TaqMan-based qPCR assay. We also analyzed the possible influence of the genotype frequencies on several variables, including age at the onset of RLS, gender, a family history of RLS, and response to drugs commonly used in the treatment of RLS. The frequencies of the genotypes and allelic variants of the three common missense SNVs studied did not differ significantly between RLS patients and controls, neither in the whole series nor when analyzing each gender separately; were not correlated with age at onset and the severity of RLS assessed by the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group Rating Scale (IRLSSGRS); and were not related to a family history of RLS or the pharmacological response to dopamine agonists, clonazepam, or gabaergic drugs. Our findings suggest that common missense SNVs in the MDGA1 gene are not associated with the risk of developing idiopathic RLS in Caucasian Spanish people.
Beneficial actions of a free radical scavenger in traumatic shock and myocardial ischemia.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The role of prostanoids in shock states is complex because beneficial as well as deleterious prostanoids are formed during circulatory shock. Recent attention has focused on free radicals formed in the arachidonic acid cascade. MK-447, a free radical scavenger, at 1-4 mg/kg, was found to prolong survival in traumatic shock and to prevent the plasma appearance of a myocardial depressant factor (MDF) in shock rats. In the isolated cat heart perfused under ischemic conditions (ie, coronary flow less than 0.7 ml/min for 2 hours), MK-447 partially restored contractile performance after reestablishment of normal flow and partially prevented cardiac edema. In combination with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, meclofenamate, MK-447 dramatically restored mechanical performance, prevented leakage of myocardial creatine kinase activity, and cardiac edema. It appears that MK-447 protects in traumatic shock and in myocardial ischemia by a mechanism related to removal of free radicals formed in arachidonic acid metabolism.
Beyond experiential spending: Consumers report higher well‐being from purchases that satisfy intrinsic goals

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Consumption is thought to be a goal‐directed behaviour often marketed as a source of happiness. However, it has yet to be tested whether we associate greater happiness with purchases that help us move towards our goals—goal satisfaction mechanism—or whether spending behaviours that help us primarily to attain intrinsic goals—such as affiliation or self‐growth—are linked to higher well‐being as self‐determination theory would predict. Across two studies, intrinsic goal satisfaction was associated with greater well‐being, rather than the purchase helping the consumer to satisfy their goals. Moreover, intrinsic goal satisfaction predicted significantly more variance in well‐being (13%–16%) than the material‐experiential purchase typology (2%–5%) used in past research. Finally, higher dispositional extrinsic goals predicted both extrinsic and intrinsic goal satisfaction through consumption suggesting that materialistic individuals might use consumption as a strategy to seek the attainment of intrinsic goals. These findings suggest that future research should shift the focus from the purchase ( what is bought) to the consumer ( who is spending money and why ) when looking at the links between spending money and happiness. Finally, this report hints that future interventions aiming to reduce excessive consumption should explore lessening people's extrinsic goals.
The effect of smoking on biological change of recurrent breast cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The selection of treatment for a patient with breast cancer largely relies on the cancer subtype. However, this process is complicated by changes in tumor biology at relapse. Smoking has been identified as a risk factor for breast cancer. The direct effect of a tobacco component delivered via blood circulation on the mammary gland tissue and subsequent DNA damage have been proposed to explain the association between cigarette smoking and breast cancer carcinogenesis. This postulation is supported by both tissue culture and animal studies demonstrating that the associated DNA damage further alters breast cancer cells, as indicated by an increased proliferative capacity and malignant transformation. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between changes in Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) each receptor at recurrence, and smoking and the prognosis after recurrence. Methods This retrospective study included 989 patients with primary breast cancer who developed relapse after surgery and 50 patients who underwent regenerative biopsy or surgery from December 2007 to March 2018. ER, PgR, and HER2 expression in the primary and recurrent lesions was evaluated using immunohistochemistry, and the correlations of these expression patterns with smoking history (pack-years) were examined. Results When ER was evaluated in recurrent tumors, negative and positive conversions were recognized in 3 (6.0%) and 1 patient (2.0%), respectively. When PgR was evaluated, negative conversion was recognized in 15 patients (30.0%). When HER2 was evaluated, positive conversion was recognized in 6 patients (12.0%). Consequently, we observed a change in the intrinsic subtype in in 5 patients with recurrent tumors (10.0%). Although most clinical factors were not correlated with smoking, a positive conversion of HER2 in recurrence was significantly more frequent among smokers than among non-smokers (p=0.024). Conclusions Biological changes during breast cancer recurrence should be given careful clinical consideration because they affect treatment after recurrence. Our results suggest that smoking may induce increased HER2 expression in recurrent breast tumors.
Market Assessment for Capturing Water Conservation Opportunities in the Federal Sector

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The Department of Energy's Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) is considering the development of a technology-specific Super-Energy Saving Performance Contract (ESPC) for water conservation. Prior to the development however, FEMP requires the completion of a market assessment to better understand the water conservation opportunities and the strategies available for capturing them. Thus, this market assessment has been undertaken to evaluate the water conservation opportunities and answer the key questions necessary for FEMP to make recommendations on whether or not to proceed with strategies for water conservation primarily through the development of a water conservation technology-specific performance contract.
Bullous pyoderma as a presentation of acute leukaemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A patient with an unusual bullous pyoderma preceding the onset of acute leukaemia is reported. The initial lesions were purplish bullae, which later formed superficial ulcers and healed with minimal scarring. Histology showed intra-epidermal bullae with a dense polymorphonuclear infiltrate in the epidermis. This eruption is difficult to classify, but fifteen patients with similar skin lesions have been found in the literature, seven of these patients developed acute leukaemia and one had metastatic adenocarcinoma on presentation. We feel that the recognition of these distinctive skin lesions may be important because of their association with internal malignancy.
TACE release of TNF-α mediates mechanotransduction-induced activation of p38 MAPK and myogenesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Skeletal muscle responds to mechanical stimulation by activating p38 MAPK, a key signal for myogenesis. However, the mechanotransduction mechanism that activates p38 is unknown. Here we show that mechanical stimulation of myoblasts activates p38 and myogenesis through stimulating TNF-α release by TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE). In C2C12 or mouse primary myoblasts cultured in growth medium, static stretch activated p38 along with ERK1/2, JNK and AKT. Disrupting TNF-α signaling by TNF-α-neutralizing antibody or knocking out TNF-α receptors blocked stretch activation of p38, but not ERK1/2, JNK or AKT. Stretch also activated differentiation markers MEF2C, myogenin, p21 and myosin heavy chain in a TNF-α- and p38-dependent manner. Stretch stimulated the cleavage activity of TACE. Conversely, TACE inhibitor TAPI or TACE siRNA abolished stretch activation of p38. In addition, conditioned medium from stretched myoblast cultures activated p38 in unstretched myoblasts, which required TACE activity in the donor myoblasts, and TNF-α receptors in the recipient myoblasts. These results indicate that posttranscriptional activation of TACE mediates the mechanotransduction that activates p38-dependent myogenesis via the release of TNF-α.
P689 Multicenter, cross-sectional, observational study on Epstein–Barr viral infection status and thiopurine use by age group in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Japan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection status in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly those using thiopurines, may be associated with the risk of lymphoproliferative disorder and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. This was the first multicenter survey of EBV infection in Japanese patients with IBD (UMIN000033004). Factors related to the EBV infection status were also investigated. Methods This cross-sectional observational study of the EBV infection status in pediatric and adult patients with IBD was conducted at five tertiary institutions in Japan. Serum EBV anti-viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgG, and EBV anti-VCA IgM were measured in 495 patients with IBD□(UC:313 patients, CD:174 patients, IBD-U:8 patients). Patient characteristics (sex, age at diagnosis, age at onset, duration of illness, and disease location), treatments, and blood examination results were obtained from the medical records at each institution. Prior EBV infection was defined as anti-VCA IgM negativity and anti-VCA IgG positivity. Results mong the 495 patients, 56.2% (278/495) were male, and the median age at diagnosis of IBD was 18 years. The median age at the time of the anti-VCA IgG examination was 25 years(range: 0–92 years). Of the 495 patients, 9 were anti-VCA IgM-positive and 354 were anti-VCA IgG-positive (seroprevalence: 72.8%). The proportion of patients with prior EBV infection was 0% for those aged &lt;5 years, &lt;60% for those aged &lt;30 years, and &gt;90% for those aged &gt;30 years. The patients’ current thiopurine use was 37.8% (187/486) for all anti-VCA IgM negative patients and 42.3% (85/201) for anti-VCA IgM negative patients aged &lt;20 years. The proportion of EBV-uninfected patients using thiopurines was 28.4% (52/183) for all patients and 51.8% (44/85) for aged &lt;20 years. Age was significantly associated with anti-VCA IgG seropositivity (p &lt; 0.01, odds ratio: 0.902, 95% confidence interval: 0.880–0.925). No cases of lymphoproliferative disorder, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, or chronic active EBV infection were reported. Conclusion Approximately 30% of Japanese patients with IBD were EBV-uninfected, including those using thiopurines. Age was a significant factor for anti-VCA IgG seropositivity.
Fraxinetum: An Islamic Frontier State in Tenth-Century Provence

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The primary focus of this article is a reconsideration of Fraxinetum as an Islamic frontier state in tenth-century Provence. Traditional scholarship about Fraxinetum has interpreted the Muslim presence in Provence within the context of piracy. The interpretation of Fraxinetum as a pirate base centers largely on the interpretation of primary documents and the replication of the arguments of the Latin chroniclers within modern scholarship. Seeking to challenge the view that the Muslims in Francia were merely bandits, through a reassessment of primary sources and an analysis of some nontextual evidence, this article demonstrates that Fraxinetum was the political, military, and economic center of an Islamic frontier state in Provence that was populated largely by ghāzīs or mujāhidīn (Islamic frontier warriors) from al-Andalus. Reconceptualizing Fraxinetum as an Islamic frontier state should not be understood to mean that Muslim activity in Provence was centrally administered, but intends to convey that jihād , as well as certain economic motivations, played a crucial role in this frontier military settlement and, as such, needs to be adequately understood. This will allow scholars to comprehend more fully the nature of Fraxinetum, providing additional insight into the Muslim presence in Provence, and contributing to the understanding of the phenomenon of Islamic frontier states more broadly during the tenth century.
Post Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation Maintenance for Multiple Myeloma Patients: Real World Experience and Results

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International (ISSN: 2456-9119) is dedicated to publish high quality papers in all areas of pharmaceutical Science including pharmaceutical drugs, community pharmacy, hospital pharmacy, clinical pharmacy, compounding pharmacy, consultant pharmacy, internet pharmacy, veterinary pharmacy, nuclear pharmacy, military pharmacy, pharmacy informatics, pharmaceutics, medicinal chemistry, pharmacognosy, pharmacotherapy, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical pharmacology, neuropharmacology, psychopharmacology, pharmacogenetics, pharmacogenomics, pharmacoepidemiology, toxicology, theoretical pharmacology, posology, pharmacognosy, behavioral pharmacology, environmental pharmacology, medicine development and safety testing, drug legislation and safety, pharmaceutical microbiology, pharmaceutical molecular biology, pharmaceutical biotechnology. The journal also encourages the submission of useful reports of negative results. This is a quality controlled, OPEN peer reviewed, open access INTERNATIONAL journal.