jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Coronary calcification improves the estimation for clinical likelihood of obstructive coronary artery disease and avoids unnecessary testing in patients with borderline pretest probability

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The 2019 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guideline advocated an updated pretest probability (PTP) estimator, ESC-PTP model to facilitate decision-making in risk assessment of stable chest pain (SCP).1 For patients with borderline ESC-PTP (5–15%), clinical likelihood (CL) incorporating risk factors of coronary artery disease (CAD) other than age, sex, and type of SCP was introduced,1 but the most appropriate model to estimate CL of obstructive CAD in these patients still remains as a 'gap in evidence'.1 Recently, Winther et al.2 developed two models for the estimation of CL: risk factor-weighted CL (RF-CL) model and coronary artery calcium score (CACS)-weighted CL (CACS-CL) model. Consequently, we aimed to validate and compare the RF-CL model and CACS-CL model and investigate whether the addition of CACS would effectively avoid unnecessary cardiovascular imaging testing (CIT) among patients with borderline ESC-PTP in a coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA)-based SCP cohort. Details...
Covering Maps and Ideal Embeddings of Compact Homogeneous Spaces

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The notion of ideal embeddings was introduced by the author at the Third Pacific Rim Geometry Conference held at Seoul in 1996. Roughly speaking, an ideal embedding is an isometrical embedding which receives the least possible amount of tension from the surrounding space at each point. In this article, we study ideal embeddings of irreducible compact homogenous spaces in Euclidean spaces. Our main result states that if $\\pi: M\\to N$ is a covering map between two irreducible compact homogeneous spaces with $\\lambda_1(M)\\ne \\lambda_1(N)$, then $N$ does not admit an ideal embedding in a Euclidean space, although $M$ could.
The mycorrhizal associations of Borya mirabilis, an endangered Australian native plant

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The mycorrhizal associations of Borya mirabilis Churchill, T.B.Muir &amp; Sinkora are described for the first time, based on seasonal observations over 12 months. Roots of vascular plants associated with B. mirabilis in the field were also examined for mycorrhizal associations; Callitris rhomboidea R.Br. ex Rich. &amp; A.Rich. was found to be most morphologically similar. The usefulness of associated plants to inoculate ex-situ populations and as indicators of potential translocation sites for B. mirabilis is discussed.
Differences in the antioxidant mechanism of carnosine in the presence of copper and iron

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDifferences in the antioxidant mechanism of carnosine in the presence of copper and ironEric A. Decker, Andrea D. Crum, and John T. CalvertCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1992, 40, 5, 756–759Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00017a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00017a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views581Altmetric-Citations123LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Information seeking activities of tertiary students through social networking sites.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In today’s context, social networking sites (SNSs) are widely adopted by the students. The information shared by students over these sites is significant. With the high volume of information sharing and communications taking place, the students could have identified SNSs as a platform to hunt for information. Hence, their online information seeking activities will no longer be limited to conventional channels such as search engine and libraries services. The objective of this study is to seek understanding on usage and implications of using SNSs as a channel for information seeking by Singapore university students. This study also investigates their information seeking preference for academic and non-academic information needs. In addition, trust and privacy issues are also investigated too. A total of 408 students responses were collected through a questionnaire. The key findings of this study were: 1) search engines remained as the students most preferred channels regardless of information types, 2) the students’ information seeking activities through SNSs were mainly for non-academic information compared to libraries for academic use, 3) the students acknowledged SNSs ease of use and good functionality for searching information, 4) the students positively expressed using SNSs for “communications over course-related topic” and “knowledge sharing”, 5) there were indications of a lack of trust on the information sought, and 6) there were concerns over information and activity privacy over SNSs. According to the findings, SNSs could potentially become a good channel for information seeking if the concerns are adequately addressed. Some of the suggestions are: 1) increase presence of professionals, instructors and lecturers to raise students’ trust on the information sought through SNSs, 2) educate students on privacy issues to address and reduce their privacy concerns, and 3) improve libraries and faculty communication and engagement in SNSs to address the students’ information needs. With the understanding gained from this study, academic or non-academic organisations will be able to leverage on SNSs (where students are already active in) as a better channel to address their information seeking activities.
Introduction and guide to LLNL's relativistic 3-D nuclear hydrodynamics code

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We have constructed a relativistic hydrodynamic model to investigate Bevalac and higher energy, heavy-ion collisions. The basis of the model is a finite-difference solution to covariant hydrodynamics, which will be described in the rest of this paper. This paper also contains: a brief review of the equations and numerical methods we have employed in the solution to the hydrodynamic equations, a detailed description of several of the most important subroutines, and a numerical test on the code. 30 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.
Deploying Constructivism for the Analysis of Rare Events: How Possible Is the Emergence of “Punjabistan”?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of the present volume is to demonstrate that a rigorous conceptual framework can enable constructivist insights to be deployed for the solution of a variety of theoretical and empirical problems. This chapter offers a use case in which the framework set forth by the editors, if not the exact details of its entire vocabulary, is employed to solve a difficult empirical and policy-relevant problem. The general problem involved is to evaluate a future for Pakistan involving the secession of its Punjabi core-a future whose probability experts have had difficulty assessing. Since secession is itself a rare event, and secession of the center an even rarer event, data relevant to addressing this problem must be generated by a computer simulation model designed and implemented in conformance with available social theories, including constructivist theory, along with information about Pakistani society relevant to the categories of those theories. The thrust of this chapter is to demonstrate that by integrating constructivist approaches to political contestation, via the framework offered in this volume, with specific knowledge of a complex and important case-the future of Punjabi dominated Pakistan—an agent-based modeling approach can be used to analyze the conditions under which secession of the center can take place and to estimate its likelihood.
Introduction: Academic-Police Collaborations--Beyond 'Two Worlds'

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Operating in a ‘cluttered environment’ filled with diverse stakeholders and oversight bodies, as well as considerable media and public scrutiny, what do the police have to gain from adding to that by voluntarily working with yet more people and in particular with academics? And what actually happens in the process of ‘joining forces’? These two questions frame this special issue of Policing on academic–police collaborations. The contributors, mainly academics, reflect on their working relationships with the police in various jurisdictions, offering pointers about ‘what works’ in terms of methods, processes, and practices. All take a realistic view about what can be achieved and none try to oversell collaboration as a ‘quick fix’. Engagement, collaboration, and partnerships between the police and academia are commonplace, whether at a formal, institutional level or through one-off and ongoing research and consultancy. Discussions about that have become something of a sub-field of police studies itself,...
Uranium in the environment: a characterization and comparison of uranium mobility in ancient and modern sediments

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The behavior of U in near surface sedimentary environments has changed throughout geologic time. There is a marked shift in U (IV) mineral stability and deposit style at approximately 2200 Ma due to changes in the concentration of O in the atmosphere. For example, prior to 2200 Ma, fluvial U deposits could form and U(IV) were stable in surface and near-surface environments. In modern, anthropogenic sedimentary systems such as U tailings, U (IV) minerals are not stable and readily oxidize to U (VI) minerals. In addition, U is much more mobile in modern sediments relative sediments that were deposited prior to 2200 Ma.
Submilliampare threshold 1.3μm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present the design and fabrication of 13 μm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers （VCSELs）. This laser exhibits continuous-wave single-mode operation up to 82℃. The theshold current as low as 051 mA and a slop efficiency of 029 W/A have been achieved. This laser is composed of a wafer-bonded GaAs/Al（Ga）As distributed Bragg reflector （DBR） and a dielectric SiO2/TiO2 DBR with InAsP/InGaAsP strain-compensated multi-quantum wells grown in the cavity. The effect of cavity mode-gain offset on device performance is then discussed.
Moral Panic and Industry

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As we saw in Chapter 1, the gang has been blamed for a range of contemporary social problems and continues to be blamed even when a more sober and proportionate assessment of the evidence suggests that the gangland UK thesis is significantly overblown. As we saw in Chapter 3, the powerful hold the gang exercises on the social imaginary has, in part, a lot to do with the conspiracy discourse with which it is associated and the capacity of gang talk to mobilise, harness and articulate powerful primal fears about enemies organising against the good society invariably positioned as a community of victims. This certainly helps explain the seductive allure of gang talk but it says little about the conditions of its production and the temporal trajectory of its creation.
Self‐care: the application of a ward philosophy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Summary The purposes of this study were twofold. The first was to determine the rationale behind the adoption of a self‐care approach to nursing. The second, to determine how a self‐care philosophy is applied in practice. The study was carried out from a phenomenological perspective, as it facilitated an understanding of nursing practice from the practitioners' perspective. The adoption of a self‐care philosophy and approach to caring, appears to have evolved through patients need. This finding has implications for all practitioners.
Osmotic Release Oral System-Methylphenidate Hydrochloride (OROS-MPH) versus atomoxetine on executive function improvement and clinical effectiveness in ADHD: A randomized controlled trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Atomoxetine and OROS-MPH treatments have shown similar efficacy in clinical recovery and improvement on executive functions. However, disturbances in executive functions observed in children with ADHD are persistent despite treatment, when compared with the control group.
Approaching the Riemann Hypothesis via an Adapted Dirichlet Series Model: Graphical and Analytical Insights.

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The Riemann Hypothesis (RH) asserts that all non-trivial zeros of the Riemann Zeta function, ζ(s), lie on the critical line where the real part of the complex variable s is 0.5, i.e., Re(s) = 0.5. In this paper, we introduce an adapted Dirichlet series, Nd(s), defined with coefficients an = log(n) for integers n ≡ 1, 5 (mod 6), and zero otherwise, to investigate the zero structure of ζ(s). Graphical comparisons between ζ(0.5 + it) and Nd(0.5 + it) overt ∈ [0, 50] and near the first non-trivial zero at t ≈ 14.134725 reveal a striking alignment of zero crossings, suggesting a shared analytic behavior. We derive a functional equation for Nd(s), demonstrating its symmetry about the critical line, and employ analytical arguments to prove that all non-trivial zeros of Nd(s) lie on Re(s) = 0.5. By establishing a universal correspondence between the zeros of Nd(s) and ζ(s), we conclude that the RH holds, thereby elevating it from a conjecture to a theorem. This proof combines computational insights with rigorous mathematical analysis, providing a novel pathway to resolve one of mathematics’ most enduring challenges.
Dynamic Skyline Queries on Encrypted Data Using Result Materialization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Skyline computation is an increasingly popular query, with broad applicability in domains such as healthcare, travel and finance. Given the recent trend to outsource databases and query evaluation, and due to the proprietary and sometimes highly sensitivity nature of the data (e.g., in healthcare), it is essential to evaluate skylines on encrypted datasets. Several research efforts acknowledged the importance of secure skyline computation, but existing solutions suffer from at least one of the following shortcomings: (i) they only provide ad-hoc security; (ii) they are prohibitively expensive; or (iii) they rely on unrealistic assumptions, such as the presence of multiple non-colluding parties in the protocol. Inspired from solutions for secure nearest-neighbors (NN) computation, we conjecture that the most secure and efficient way to compute skylines is through result materialization. However, this approach is significantly more challenging for skylines than for NN queries. We exhaustively study and provide algorithms for pre-computation of skyline results, and we perform an in-depth theoretical analysis of this process. We show that pre-computing results while minimizing storage overhead is NP-hard, and we provide dynamic programming and greedy heuristics that solve the problem more efficiently, while maintaining storage at reasonable levels. Our algorithms are novel and applicable to plain-text skyline computation, but we focus on the encrypted setting where materialization reduces the cost of skyline computation from hours to seconds. Extensive experiments show that we clearly outperform existing work in terms of performance, and our security analysis proves that we obtain a smaller (and quantifiable) data leakage than competitors.
Case Study Changes in Appearance and Psychosis

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A link between psychotic decompensa- psychiatric professionals as well as schizo-phrenic patients themselves. For example, Ar-tion and haircutting has been reported in a number of case reports and small series studies nold and associates (1993) concluded that wearing redundant clothing (many layers) is(Strawn, Ryken, and Black 1987; Markowitz 1988; Feldmann and Paynter 1988; Ryken and “a readily observablemarker for schizophrenia in a psychiatric emergency room population”Merrel 1990; a ̀ Campo andMerckelbach 1996). For example, Feldmann and Paynter (1988) (p. 45). In a similar vein, during interviews, schizophrenic patients report a variety of ma-noted in their sample of schizophrenic pa-tients (N = 34) that 41 % of them had drasti- nipulations that they have inflicted upon themselves (e.g., shaving of the head, wearingcally altered their hairstyles prior to admit-tance to a psychiatric hospital. The authors wigs, wearing redundant or strange clothes, and even plastic surgery; see a ̀ Campo, Freder-argued that this phenomenon is clinically sig-nificant as these changes were made before ikx, Nijman, and Merckelbach 1988). One could argue that drastic manipula-other overt signs of psychotic decompensation were observable. Likewise, in one of our ear- tions of one’s appearance are peripheral epi-
TABLE 2 from LP-184, a Novel Acylfulvene Molecule, Exhibits Anticancer Activity against Diverse Solid Tumors with Homologous Recombination Deficiency

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>LP-184 IC<sub>50</sub> in LMS cell lines. IC<sub>50</sub> was calculated from 72-hour cell viability assay. PTGR1 RNA expression was retrieved from the DepMap Public 23Q2 Primary Files. HR activity of these cell lines was reported in ref. <a href="#bib34" target="_blank">34</a></p>
Life Cycle Thinking and Engineering in Developing Communities: Addressing International Sustainability Challenges in the Classroom

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Title: Life cycle thinking and engineering in developing communities: Addressing international sustainability challenges in the classroom Abstract Integrating sustainability issues into engineering curriculum can be used to expose undergraduates to complex global challenges related to the food-water-energy nexus. This paper explores the integration of engineering in developing communities and life cycle thinking for civil, mechanical, and mechatronic engineering students (n=79) at a Hispanic-Serving Institution (HSI) through a semester-long group project. Life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) were used to analyze the environmental and economic impacts of energy recovery, water reuse, and nutrient recycling processes from a small-scale agricultural wastewater treatment system in rural Costa Rica. Students’ ability to solve problems and produce solutions that accounted for environmental, economic, and social factors were evaluated using direct measures of student performance on specific assignments (e.g., final report, final video presentation) and indirect measures using a self-efficacy questionnaire. Direct measures were graded by the instructor of the course and an in-country partner using rubrics to assess: (1) problem definition in a global context, (2) life cycle assessment skills, (3) life cycle cost analysis skills, (4) ability to integrate social and cultural implications of proposed solutions, (5) written communication, and (6) oral communication. Students performed well in defining problems in a global context, conducting an economic analysis, and communicating via oral presentations. Improvements could be made in assessing environmental impacts, accounting for social implications of proposed solutions, and written communication via written reports. The self-efficacy questionnaire highlighted that increased communication between students and stakeholders in Costa Rica could improve understandings of social and cultural implications of proposed solutions. Additionally, restructuring the course to increase exposure to life cycle assessment could be used to improve student performance in assessing environmental impacts of engineering alternatives. This research provides insight on ways to address new ABET student outcomes 2-4 while exposing students to important global issues in environmental engineering. Additionally, this paper provides a model for future courses interested in conducting project-based learning on sustainability issues in a global context, especially for cases when international travel for large groups of students is cost-prohibitive.
Periprosthetic Joint Infection: Current Clinical Challenges

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Over the last several decades, periprosthetic joint infection has been increasing in incidence and is occurring in more complex patients. While there have been advances in both surgical and medical treatment strategies, there remain important gaps in our understanding. Here, we share our current approaches to the diagnosis and management of periprosthetic joint infection, focusing on frequent clinical challenges and collaborative interdisciplinary care.
Attachment and the Expression of Affection in Romantic Relationships: The Mediating Role of Romantic Love

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Extant research demonstrates interrelationships among attachment style, love, and affectionate expression, but is less edifying regarding how these constructs work together. Informed by attachment theory (Bowlby, 1980 Bowlby , J. ( 1980 ). Attachment and loss: Vol. 3. Loss, sadness, and depression . New York , NY : Basic Books . [Google Scholar]) and the conceptualization of love as a motivational force (Rempel & Burris, 2005 Rempel , J. K. , & Burris , C. T. ( 2005 ). Let me count the ways: An integrative theory of love and hate . Personal Relationships , 12 , 297 – 313 . doi: 10.1111/j.1350-4126.2005.00116.x [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), the current study posits love as a mediator of the associations among attachment styles and affectionate communication. To examine this claim, 173 individuals in romantic relationships completed a questionnaire assessing the variables of interest. A path model revealed significant indirect effects (with the exception of the secure attachment style), and love mediated the relationships among preoccupied and dismissive attachment styles and affectionate expression. These findings suggest the important motivating capacity of love, an often overlooked predictor of relational processes.
Structuring of the transition region (plasma mantle) of the Martian magnetosphere

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Measurements made by the ASPERA plasma instrument onboard the Phobos‐2 spacecraft have shown that the transition from the Martian magnetosheath occupied mainly by the shocked solar wind to the boundary layer dominated by planetary plasma occurs by a sequence of step‐like drops and jumps of the proton bulk velocity and the magnetic field value. The plasma is stratified on alternating layers occupied either by protons or by heavy ions. The resemblance with shock‐like structures is emphasized by the fact of proton temperature enhancements which replicate drops of the bulk velocity. The observed striations are considered as peculiar discontinuities typical for multi‐ion plasma, or flute‐like modes which may be excited at the boundary of the Martian magnetosphere.