jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of hepatitis A, B, C and human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity among patients with acute icteric hepatitis at the Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To determine the prevalence of hepatitis A, B, C and HIV seropositivity among patients with acute icteric hepatitis. Design: Cross-sectional descriptive survey. Setting: Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi. Subjects: Eighty four patients aged above six months with a history of jaundice not exceeding six months were recruited. There were 47 males and 17 females with an age range of eight months to 67 years and a median age of 25 years. Methods: History was obtained physical examination done and blood taken for determination of bilirubin, ALT, AST and ALP levels. Sera that had disproportionately greater transaminase than ALP elevation were assayed for IgM anti-HAV, IgM anti- HBc, HbsAg, anti-HCV and anti-HlV antibodies. Results: Evidence of hepatitis A, B, and C was round in 41.7%, 26.2%, and 7.1% of the patients respectively, 13.1% of the patients were HBsAg carriers while 30.1% of all patients were HIV positive. Thirty two patients did not have evidence of hepatitis A, B, or C infection and this group was significantly associated with HIV infection (p=0.003). Conclusion: Hepatitis A was the commonest overall type of acute icteric hepatitis seen at the KNH, and among patients aged 15 years and below. Hepatitis B was the leading identified cause of acute hepatitis among those aged over 15 years. Hepatitis C accounted for 7.1% of acute icteric hepatitis 30.1% of all patients and 50% of those admitted with acute hepatitis were also HIV positive. East African Medical Journal Vol. 81 No. 4 April 2004: 183-187
Renal function in minahasanese patients with chronic gout arthritis and tophi.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Most Minahasanese with chronic gout arthritis and tophi suffer from a mild reduction in renal function associated with the amount of uric acid excreted in the urine, but not associated with age, serum uric acid level, duration of gout arthritis, or tophi. Correlation with duration of gout arthritis, or tophi. Correlation with hypertension and use of NSAID are not evident in this study.
PFA toolbox: a MATLAB tool for Metabolic Flux Analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Metabolic Flux Analysis (MFA) is a methodology that has been successfully applied to estimate metabolic fluxes in living cells. However, traditional frameworks based on this approach have some limitations, particularly when measurements are scarce and imprecise. This is very common in industrial environments. The PFA Toolbox can be used to face those scenarios. Results Here we present the PFA (Possibilistic Flux Analysis) Toolbox for MATLAB, which simplifies the use of Interval and Possibilistic Metabolic Flux Analysis. The main features of the PFA Toolbox are the following: (a) It provides reliable MFA estimations in scenarios where only a few fluxes can be measured or those available are imprecise. (b) It provides tools to easily plot the results as interval estimates or flux distributions. (c) It is composed of simple functions that MATLAB users can apply in flexible ways. (d) It includes a Graphical User Interface (GUI), which provides a visual representation of the measurements and their uncertainty. (e) It can use stoichiometric models in COBRA format. In addition, the PFA Toolbox includes a User’s Guide with a thorough description of its functions and several examples. Conclusions The PFA Toolbox for MATLAB is a freely available Toolbox that is able to perform Interval and Possibilistic MFA estimations
ZHANG Hui Experience from the Wet on the Treatment of Refractory Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(RITP)has prolonged course.Through ZHANG Hui clinical prescriptions,it is to summarize clinical experience of RITP governance from the wet treatment,to further clarify the RITP Chinese understanding,and then guide the clinical practice,improve the curative effect.
Analysis on critical nodes in controlling complex networks using dominating sets

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the role of nodes when a minimum dominating set (MDS) approach is considered in controlling a network. We present an algorithmic procedure to compute the critical and redundant nodes using the MDS. The theoretical analysis for scale-free networks shows that (1) high-degree nodes tend to be critical nodes and (2) for scaling exponent gamma>2, such probability increases when gamma grows. These relationships are confirmed by computer simulations. Furthermore, our computational experiments also show that the MDS is unimodal when the average degree left grows. It means that most nodes are redundant for high-degree, therefore one can achieve control through a small set of nodes, highlighting a centralized control feature. The analysis of a set of real-world networks confirms the findings observed in simulation experiments. In particular, the U.S. airport network shows a more centralized control, whereas the Italy's nationwide power grid network exhibits a more distributed control. The human protein-protein interaction network exerts control with a configuration between both man-made networks.
Primary subtotal thyroidectomy for Graves' disease in a child four years of age

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Primary subtotal thyroidectomy for Graves' disease in a child four years of age Get access E Pearce Gould, E Pearce Gould London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J Douglas Robertson J Douglas Robertson London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Surgery, Volume 25, Issue 99, January 1938, Pages 700–704, https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800259924 Published: 06 December 2005
Assessment of right heart functions in the patients with arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis access: Right ventricular free wall strain and tricuspid regurgitation jet velocity as the predictors of right heart failure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives Previous studies have mostly focused on the left-sided cardiovascular changes, but right-sided cardiac changes and predictive factors have not been examined in advance following arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation. We aimed to identify new parameters which contribute to the prediction of right heart failure (RHF) after AVF creation. Methods The study cohort comprised 81 patients who underwent AVF creation between January 2014 and April 2019 in our center. The study cohort was divided into the patients with RHF ( n = 15, 18.5%) and without RHF ( n = 66, 72.5%) following AVF creation. Results Mean age of cohort was 49.9 ± 14.7 years (range 23–66) and 39 (48.1%) were men. Approximately 74.07% (60 patients) were in New York Heart Association Class II and III profile preoperatively. Independent predictors for RHF following AVF were right ventricle longitudinal strain (RVLS) free wall <-19% [odds ratio (OR) 2.31, 95% CI 1.02–3.22], and tricuspid regurgitation jet velocity (TRJV) >2.5 m/s [odds ratio (OR) 5.68, 95% CI 1.21–4.38]. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed with a resulting area under the curve value of 0.86 (95% CI 0.55–0.89, p = 0.004) for RVLS free wall <-14.2% and 0.81 for TRJV >2.61 m/s (95% CI 0.55–0.89, p = 0.005) in predicting RHF following AVF. Conclusions RVLS free wall <-14.2% and TRJV >2.61 m/s were independent predictors of RHF following AVF creation. The patients at risk for having RHF following AVF creation or who may benefit from AVF should be identified with predictive parameters and prospective clinical studies.
Incrimination of Anopheles dirus as a vector of malaria in Dibrugarh district, Assam.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Anopheles nigerrimus, A. vagus, A. dirus, A. karwari and A. kochi were the most abundant species among 12 anopheline species collected during the course of entomological studies carried out from July to September, 1988 in an area endemic for malaria under Tengakhat PHC of Dibrugarh district, Assam. Sporozoites were detected in the salivary glands of one specimen of A. dirus, Peyton & Harrison (A. balabacensis) which constituted about 18.11 per cent of the total anopheline collection.
Position of chain drugstore industry on pharmacy education

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Position of chain drugstore industry on pharmacy education Get access Leonard J. DeMino Leonard J. DeMino Vice President Pharmacy National Association of Chain Drug Stores 413 N.Lee Street Alexandria, VA 22314 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, Volume 49, Issue 6, 1 June 1992, Page 1395, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/49.6.1395 Published: 01 June 1992
Joining Economic and Engineering Perspectives – A tool for Successful Entrepreneurs

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The main objective of this paper is to analyze the importance of higher education for preparing the graduates to become more creative and ready to become efficient and successful entrepreneurs. Students in engineering posses the required qualifications in terms of technology, but lack the managerial skills and economic knowledge needed for launching and maintaining new valuable businesses. After a systematic analysis of the Romanian entrepreneurial landscape, the author recommends the implementation of new high education programs in engineering that will create a better interface between engineering and economic viewpoints and are also aimed to fully develop the graduates' entrepreneurial personality.
Study on the Actual Situation and the Establishment Process of the Residents Use in MICHINOEKI

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Today, MICHINOEKI has attracted attention as a base for regional activation and solution for regional problems. Against that background, the function of MICHINOEKI has diversified. This study focus on the residents' use of MICHINOEKI in Minamiboso City, Chiba Prefecture. The actual conditions of the residents' use of MICHINOEKI were revealed by a questionnaire survey to residents. Also revealed the cause for high residents' use from the point of view of the establishment process for the facility and its administrators. In conclusion, the scale of residents' use is affected by the contents selling function. Also factor of residents' use of MICHINOEKI is affected by the establishment process.
Plexiform Fibromyxoma in the Stomach: Immunohistochemical Profile and Comprehensive Genetic Characterization

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Plexiform fibromyxoma (PF), also referred to as plexiform angiomyxoid myofibroblast tumor, is an exceedingly rare mesenchymal neoplasm primarily affecting the stomach. Herein, we present a case of PF diagnosed in a 71-year-old male with a history of lung cancer, initially suspected to have a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) of the stomach, who subsequently underwent subtotal gastrectomy. The histopathological and molecular features of the tumor, including mutations in ABL1, CCND1, CSF1R, FGFR4, KDR, and MALAT1-GLI1 fusion, are elucidated and discussed in the context of diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic considerations.
Bagging to find better expansion words

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The supervised learning has been applied into the query expansion techniques, which trains a model to predict the "goodness" or "utility" of the expanded term to the retrieval system. There are many features to measure the relatedness between the expanded word and the query, which can be incorporated in the supervised learning to select the expanded terms. The training data set is generated automatically by a tricky method. However, this method can be affected by many aspects. A severe problem is that the distribution of the features is query-dependent, which has not been discussed in previous work. With a different distribution on the features, it is questionable to merge these training instances together and use the whole data set to train one single model. In this paper, we first investigate the statistical distribution of the auto-generated training data and show the problems in the training data set. Based on our analysis, we proposed to use the bagging method to ensemble several regression models in order to get a better supervised model to make prediction on the expanded terms. We conducted the experiments on the TREC benchmark test collections. Our analysis on the training data reveals some interesting phenomena about the query expansion techniques. The experiment results also show that the bagging approach can achieve the state-of-art retrieval performance on the standard TREC data set.
&#039;Broken&#039; public spaces in theory and in practice

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This examination of recent UK &#039;liveability&#039; discourse identifies five distinct policy areas which this discourse seeks to embrace. It critiques liveability&#039;s strong emphasis on visual order, its problematic sense of the public interest, and its limited aspirations for the planning of the public realm. It analyses the philosophy of governance underpinning the UK government&#039;s liveability agenda, in its attempts to adopt two specific areas of ideology and policy from the USA: for cities, the urban entrepreneurialism of place marketing, government-facilitated gentrification and Business Improvement Districts; and for individuals, personal responsibility, the criminalisation of poverty and difference, and zero-tolerance &#039;law and order&#039; policing. The paper suggests how public realm planning might engage in more nuanced and socially inclusive ways with the concept of liveability, by highlighting the few proactive, strategic, socially inclusive dimensions of the liveability agenda, and drawing on previous studies of unregulated, non-commercial social behaviour in public spaces.
Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

An influential conventional wisdom holds that civil wars proliferated rapidly with the end of the Cold War and that the root cause of many or most of these has been ethnic and religious antagonisms. We show that the current prevalence of internal war is mainly the result of a steady accumulation of protracted conflicts since the 1950s and 1960s rather than a sudden change associated with a new, post-Cold War international system. We also find that after controlling for per capita income, more ethnically or religiously diverse countries have been no more likely to experience significant civil violence in this period. We argue for understanding civil war in this period in terms of insurgency or rural guerrilla warfare, a particular form of military practice that can be harnessed to diverse political agendas. The factors that explain which countries have been at risk for civil war are not their ethnic or religious characteristics but rather the conditions that favor insurgency. These include poverty—which marks financially and bureaucratically weak states and also favors rebel recruitment—political instability, rough terrain, and large populations.We wish to thank the many people who provided comments on earlier versions of this paper in a series of seminar presentations. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation (Grants SES-9876477 and SES-9876530); support from the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences with funds from the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation; valuable research assistance from Ebru Erdem, Nikolay Marinov, Quinn Mecham, David Patel, and TQ Shang; sharing of data by Paul Collier.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR QUANTITATIVE CLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE FRACTURE HEALING

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The quantitative measurement is required for fractu re healing evaluation in clinical studies approachi ng toward Evidence Based Medicine. Realistic and quantitative evaluation of fracture healing may create a new er a for orthopedic trauma science. The analysis of various factors, i ncluding biological, pharmacological, physical, mec hanical, genetic and others, influence on fracture healing remains g reat challange in orthopedic medicine. A reliable method should allow the determination ti me of adequate union by its strength, quality and q uantity, but the busy orthopedic surgeon require suitable methods wi th user friendly interface to implement them into d aily clinical practice. Authors describe various methods includin g radiography, Computed Tomography, Ultrasound imaging, Ultrasonometry and Computer Aided Diagnosis (RODIA, 3D Reconstructor). Most accurate methods as histol ogy or mechanical testing are suitable in experimental stu dies less likely used clinically. Clinically valida ted and tested methods usually utilize X-ray and CT data. Computer Aided Diagnostics may enhance and support managing the patients, clinical trials and practical applications.
Perceived Ethicality of Guided Imagery in Rape Research

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In our first study, undergraduate students (30 men, 30 women) evaluated the ethical acceptability of two previously published studies that used guided imagery in rape situations. In one, women imagined themselves as rape victims; in the other, men imagined themselves as rapists. Most students rated the research acceptable, but there was a significant interaction (p less than .05): Women found the study of women as victim less ethical, and men found the study of men as rapist less ethical. In our second study, 30 noncollege women evaluated the research on women as rape victims. After reading the scenario, none of these women said they would have agreed to participate or thought the research was ethically acceptable. We discuss issues of informed consent, demands of the research situation, and potential benefits and risks.
Closed-loop state variable control of dynamic voltage restorers with fast compensation characteristics

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Voltage sags are the most prevalent type of power quality disturbances, and the dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) can provide load voltage support with a power rating only a fraction of that of the load. However, most reported control strategies are using open-loop feed forward control, because of the fast voltage compensation requirement, in order to reduce the impact of voltage sags to sensitive loads. It is shown that the open-loop control produces poorly damped response due to the presence of the switching harmonic LC filter. Closed-loop control permits active damping of the LC filter, and a closer tracking of the reference load voltage. Multiloop feedback PI control has attracted considerable attention, but it has difficulties meeting the fast dynamic response requirement because of the dynamic separation of two cascaded loops. This work presents a closed-loop state variable control strategy to handle the time varying control references in voltage sag compensation applications. It removes the inner current control loop that is included in the multiloop control structure, instead, the derivative of the output current is used to increase the dynamic response of the control system. Furthermore, a software based current observer is built to obtain the output current and its derivative, and to minimize the noise effects. The theoretical considerations are verified through simulation and experimental tests.
Evidence for organometallic intermediates in bacterial methane formation involving the nickel coenzyme F₄₃₀.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Bioorganometallic chemistry underlies the reaction mechanisms of metalloenzymes that catalyze key processes in the global carbon cycle. Metal ions that appear well suited for the formation of metal-carbon bonds are nickel, iron, and cobalt. The formation and reactivity of alkylcobalt species (methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin) at the active sites of B₁₂-dependent methyltransferases and isomerases have been well studied and serve as models to guide hypothesis for how organometallic reactions occur in other systems. This review focuses on methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR), which is responsible for all biologically produced methane on earth. At its active site, this enzyme contains a nickel corphin (F₄₃₀), which bears similarity to the cobalt corrin in cobalamin (B₁₂). Several mechanisms have been proposed for the MCR-catalyzed reaction, and a methylnickel species is a central intermediate in all but one of these mechanisms. After introducing some important concepts of bioorganometallic chemistry and describing methanogenesis and some of the key properties of MCR, this review discusses research that has led to the generation and characterization of alkylnickel species in MCR and in model complexes related to F₄₃₀. Then, the focus shifts to the reactions that these alkylnickel species can undergo both in the enzyme and in bioinspired models: protonolysis to form alkanes and thiolysis to form thioethers, including methyl-SCoM (the natural methyl donor for MCR). Throughout, results are discussed in relation to the proposed models for the MCR mechanism.