jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound-mediated micellar drug delivery

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

During the last decade, nanomedicine has emerged as a new field of medicine that utilises nanoscale materials for delivery of drugs, genes and imaging agents. The efficiency of drug delivery may be enhanced by the application of directed energy, which provides for drug targeting and enhanced intracellular uptake. In this paper, we present a review of recent advances in the ultrasound-mediated drug delivery with the emphasis on polymeric micelles as tumour-targeted drug carriers. This new modality of drug targeting to tumours is based on the drug encapsulation in polymeric micelles followed by a localised release at the tumour site triggered by focused ultrasound. The rationale behind this approach is that drug encapsulation in micelles decreases systemic concentration of free drug and provides for a passive drug targeting to tumours via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, therefore reducing unwanted drug interactions with healthy tissues. Ultrasound affects micellar drug delivery on various levels. Mild hyperthermia induced by ultrasound may enhance micelle extravasation into tumour tissue; mechanical action of ultrasound results in drug release from micelles and enhances the intracellular uptake of both released and encapsulated drug. In addition, polymeric micelles sensitise multidrug resistant (MDR) cells to the action of drugs.
Error analysis of beam splitter based on positive-negative refraction in photonic crystals

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The influences of radius-error and position-error of dielectric-rod on the properties of beam splitter,which is based on positive-negative refraction in photonic crystal,were investigated by numerical simulation with the frequency-difference time-domain method,respectively.It is found that the energy flow transmissivities of positive and negative refractive beams both remained more than 20% when the ratio of the radius-error amplitude and radius is less than 0.055 or the ratio of the position-error amplitude and lattice constant is less than 0.06.
Sperm banking: is it a viable option for cancer patients?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Should cryopreservation be routinely offered to cancer patients undergoing therapy that could eventually cause gonadal damage, even if their semen is suboptimal? The possibilities for successful reproductive outcomes are encouraging for cancer patients whose complete loss of fertility would otherwise occur. Although many technical, legal, and ethical considerations remain, failure to appraise patients of reproductive options that are available to them is a violation of patient autonomy.
RETAIL LOAN PERFORMANCE IN INDIA: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Using an empirical methodology, this study investigates the performance of retail loans in Indian public and private sector banks, with a focus on house and education loans. It seeks to assess important performance metrics including borrower satisfaction, default rates, repayment trends, and loan disbursement trends. 120 respondents, evenly divided across the two banking sectors, provided primary data using structured questionnaires as part of a descriptive study methodology. According to the data, public sector banks are more active in offering education loans while having higher default rates, whereas private sector banks perform better in terms of efficiency, recovery rates, and customer satisfaction, particularly in the housing loan area. Suggestions for enhancing risk management and service provision in retail banking are included in the study's conclusion.
Transformasi Kompetensi Profesional Guru Melalui Supervisi Akademik Model Artistik di Kabupaten Pidie

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to determine how to enhance the professional skills of teachers at SDN Keune, Pidie Regency, through the application of an artistic model in academic supervision, as observed in teachers' abilities to develop lesson plans/modules and conduct teaching.Method – The research method applied is School Action Research (SAR), aimed at addressing issues related to teachers' abilities in developing lesson plans/modules, conducting teaching, and their professional competencies which are still low within the school environment, while simultaneously seeking solutions to resolve them. Three teachers were selected as research subjects due to their relatively low professional competency levels, with an average professional competency score of 62.44. The selected teachers are from grades II, IV, and V at SDN Keune, Pidie Regency. This research follows a four-stage cycle: planning, action, observation, and reflection.Findings – The artistic model of academic supervision effectively improved teachers' professional competence. Initially, lesson plans/modules were inadequate, scoring 70.83 in Cycle I and improving to 86.11 in Cycle II. Teacher performance in lesson delivery scored 73.81 in Cycle I, rising to 86.90 in Cycle II. Professional competence increased from 71.67 in Cycle I to 88.33 in Cycle II. Research Implications – School supervisors play a crucial role in enhancing teachers' professional competencies through academic supervision. However, this study is limited in its applicability beyond SDN Keune and may be influenced by the researcher's biases in interpreting qualitative data and observations. Additionally, the focus on a small number of teachers limits the generalizability of the findings. Future research should consider a larger sample size and a more diverse range of schools to validate and expand upon these findings.
Bioglass® coated poly(DL‐lactide) foams for tissue engineering scaffolds

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to prepare poly(DL‐lactic acid) (PDLLA)/Bioglass® composites of foam‐like structure, to measure the degree of bioactivity of the composites by studying the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) and to test the initial attachment of human osteoblasts within the porous network. It was found that crystalline HA formed on the Bioglass® coated PDLLA foams after 7 days of immersion in SBF. HA formed also on the surfaces of non‐coated PDLLA foams, however the rate and amount of HA formation were much lower than in the composites. The rapid formation of HA on the Bioglass®/PDLLA foam surfaces confirmed the high bioactivity of these materials. Osteoblasts attached within the porous network throughout the depth of the foams. Cell density was found to be higher in the PDLLA/Bioglass® composites compared to the pure PDLLA foams. The composite foams developed here exhibit the required bioactivity to be used as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
Recycling and recommissioning a used biomedical cyclotron

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Biomedical Cyclotrons have a very long life, but there eventually comes a time when any piece of equipment has to be retired from service. From time to time, we have the opportunity to help find new homes for used cyclotrons which, with relatively modest overhaul and refurbishment, can have many additional years of productive service, and thus represent a very valuable asset. The reasons for retiring a cyclotron vary, of course, but in our experience it is often due to an institution’s changing priorities or changing needs, rather than the due to any fundamental age-related deficiency in the cyclotron itself. In this paper we will report on the relocation and successful restoration of a used TCC CP-42 cyclotron, which was moved from M.D. Anderson Hospital in Houston to Denton, Texas in early 1998, where it is presently being used for R&D and commercial production of biomedical isotopes. Ownership of the machine has been transferred to the University of North Texas; facility, manpower, and operational resources are provided by International Isotopes, Inc.
Corrosion of Chromium Coating Fabricated on Zircaloy-4 Substrate

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In the nuclear industry, coated cladding is a topical problem and it is chosen as the near-term and most promising ATF (Accident-Tolerant Fuel) cladding concept. The main objective of this concept is to enhance the accident tolerance of nuclear power plants and accordingly, the performance of cladding is expected to be improved. This work assesses the corrosion performance of a Zircalloy-4 alloy coated with a thin chromium coating by MS (magnetron sputtering), tested under a CANDU (CANada Deuterium Uranium) reactor primary circuit simulated condition (LiOH solution, 10 MPa, 310 °C, pH = 10.5). The anticorrosive performance is evaluated by a gravimetric analysis, a metallographic analysis, X-ray diffraction, electronic microscopy, and electrochemical methods. A four times less gain mass was noticed compared to uncoated Zircaloy-4, indicating a smaller corrosion rate. The SEM micrographs illustrate that the coatings are still adherent, and they are keeping the initial morphological characteristics during the autoclaving process. A SEM cross-section analysis shows values of the thickness of the coatings between 0.8 and 1.46 µm. By XRD, the presence of Cr2O3 oxide is identified. Electrochemical testing confirms good stability and good corrosion performance of Cr coating over time under autoclave conditions.
Validation using 3D CT of the new interpretation of Gerasimov’s nasal projection method for forensic facial approximation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Approximating the facial features for forensic facial approximation is challenging, especially the nose. Numerous methods have been published to position the tip of the nose in profile with variable results. Gerasimov’s two-tangent method is the most commonly used. However, a recent article published by Ullrich and Stephan (2011) states that the method was not properly performed and provides new guidelines. This research used a sample of CT scans from a Denmark population (N=66) to determined which of Gerasimov’s literal translation or Ullrich and Stephan’s (2011) new version of the two-tangent method is the most accurate. A combination of the two methods was also evaluated to determine the effect of each tangent independently, and the effect of intraobserver error. It was determine that the new guidelines result in smaller mean difference but no method can accurately position the tip of the nose due to the lack of experience from the practitioner.
Object Affordances in the Context of Sensory Motor Contingencies

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Actions are fundamental for perception leading to law-like relations, which can be described by the theory of Sensory Motor Contingencies (SMCs) [1]. We propose that actions do not only play a key role for perception, but also in developing more complex cognitive capabilities, e.g. definition of object concepts and action plans. Once SMCs have been learned their mastery readily can lead to goal-oriented behavior. We want to exploit the concept of SMCs to learn object affordances [2] and use them for grasping in a real-world robot system. The robot will learn which features of an object are relevant for grasping and choose its motor actions accordingly. For this purpose, we suggest a novel architecture, which combines unsupervised learning of Sigma-Pi neurons [3] and reinforcement learning (RL). To perform successful grasping two steps are necessary. First, the position of the target object has to be identified and it has to be known in which relation this position is with respect to the hand that will be used for grasping. Multiplying the co-activation of the input units coding for hand and object position and summing over the multiplied inputs leads to an invariant output representing the distance of the two entities. This can be done using Sigma-Pi neurons. The next step is to learn the
Online Highway Robbery: Is Your Intellectual Property Up for Grabs in the Online Classroom?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Do you own the rights to materials in your online course? Many in higher education face the task of creating online materials before considering the issue. This paper examines evolving intellectual property policies for online materials, informing educators that copyright law alone is not the final word on this issue. The author demonstrates that intellectual property policies vary greatly, even among institutions in the same university system and the same geographic area. Knowledge of policies is stressed as an important element in the job market and solutions are offered for faculty faced with outdated ownership policies.
A Financial Research on Transport Trade Services Group

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Transport Trade Services (TTS) Group is the leading company that offers integrated logistics services on the Danube in Romania. The paper provides a pertinent image of the company, outlining several financial analysis indicators for the 2018-2022 period. The Discounted Cash Flow model and sensitivity analysis are two methods used to assess the intrinsic value of the company’s stock price, the valuation resulting in a target price of 35.7 RON and a current price of 26.85 RON. With its listing on the Bucharest Stock Exchange, the company has experienced rapid growth and a sound financial health. TTS exhibits positive long-term prospects, consolidated through its increasing profitability and sustainable practices and projects.
EBV-Positive Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma of the Elderly - A New Provisional Entity of Lymphoma in the WHO Classification

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the elderly, initially described in 2003, is a provisional entity in the 2008 World Health Organization classification system, and is defined as an EBV-positive monoclonal large B-cell proliferation that occurs in patients&gt; 50 years of age and in whom there is no known immunodeficiency or history of lymphoma. These tumors are more common in Asia, but also occur in North America and Europe at a low frequency. These neoplasms exhibit a morphologic continuum, from polymorphous to monomorphous, but morphologic features do not correlate with prognosis as all patients have a clinically aggressive course. Most EBV-positive DLBCL of the elderly patients have an activated B-cell immunophenotype and are characterized by prominent NF-κB activation. Cytogenetic complexity is usually low. In this review, we comprehensively delineate the data emerging from analyses of EBV latency program, microRNA-mediated EBV viral oncogenesis, functional genomics of EBV and its biology, as well as differential diagnosis challenge for EBV-positive DLBCL of the elderly. It is hoped that the improved understanding of these tumors will lead to development of novel therapeutic approaches, enhance the effective clinical trials and improve the prognosis.
Standardization and localization in tuberculosis control

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter discusses the tension between standardization and localization in efforts to control tuberculosis (TB); between programmatic considerations and responding to individual care needs, including particular TB strains, co-morbidities, personal pharmaceutical histories or socio-economic circumstances. Drawing on science and technology studies methodology, including a focus on how standards are made to work, the chapter uses anthropological and sociological literature on the DOTS (Directly Observed Therapy, Short-Course) strategy and examples from fieldwork at multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment sites in India in the 2000s to examine this tension. Standardized disease control programmes employing drugs, such as DOTS, are often portrayed as struggling with inherent dilemmas between standardization and localization. However, as this chapter shows, such emphasis obscures the productive roles that standards can play. They can act as facilitators in local negation and adaption of global disease control strategies, serving as communicative tools between different actors on different levels.
Forecast analysis of the impact of remote workers visa policy on the resilience of the tourism economy: A geographical and economic perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background: The tourism sector is most vulnerable to economic risk due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bali. As a continuation of the discourse on a particular digital nomad visa in 2022, the Remote Worker Visa is designed to mitigate economic risk. This study aims to analyze the impact of the Indonesian Remote Workers Visa on regional economic resilience in the tourism sector. Methods: This study uses a Delphi analysis approach consisting of two stages: a qualitative method with expert interview techniques and a quantitative method with a questionnaire technique. Findings: The results of the analysis are based on the results of the consensus of expert sources with standard deviation parameters (<1.5) and Interquartile (<2.5). Seven expert sources were from the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy and academics. The study results show that the tourism sector in Bali has not fully recovered even though there is a remote worker visa, and regional economic resilience has not been able to pass the recovery phase. Conclusion: The tourism sector is said to be able to avoid losses (vulnerability, resilience, and resilience) from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic with the support of remote worker visas. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study provides a novel analysis of the Indonesian Remote Worker Visa’s impact on Bali’s tourism resilience, using Delphi analysis to assess its effectiveness in mitigating post-pandemic economic risks.
Sensor placement determination in system health monitoring process based on dual information risk and uncertainty criteria

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Validity of sensor data is a challenge in system monitoring due to stochastic nature of failure occurrence. The quantity and location of sensors affect the system health information, while sensor malfunction causes misleading results about the system condition. Occurred economic losses are irrecoverable expenses in respect to the monitoring system as well as the system failure. In this study, a dual index approach is proposed for the determination of sensor placement scenarios based on two criteria: (1) uncertainty of sensor information and (2) risk of sensor failure. With about variation of environmental factors conditions (e.g. temperature) and their failure threshold characterization, system failure model is developed and analyzed by a proposed efficient Monte Carlo simulation. Statistical variance of sensor information about estimating of system state as the quantitative uncertainty measure of choice in this research is estimated according to the information value that each possible sensor placement scenario provides through sensor information. In the next phase, risk index is determined based on sensor malfunction and corresponding quantifiable losses through both failure costs and maintenance expenditure. All feasible combinations of sensor failures are considered in the risk model. Finally, a combinatorial criterion is determined through information entropy calculation, which considers both indexes proposed above simultaneously. Sensor placement scenarios are comparatively prioritized based on this criterion. Accordingly, the technical directions are provided for suitability of the criteria for prioritizing sensor arrangement in various systems with different reliability-based characteristics. As a case study, determination of sensor placement is demonstrated on a typical steam turbine. According to the low variation of both information uncertainty and risk indexes, it is concluded that the combinatorial index is the proper criterion for sensor placement determination in health monitoring process of the steam turbine.
Data sharing and GRA weight optimization for power prediction of distributed photovoltaic power plant considering missing NWP information

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Since the output of photovoltaic power generation has a strong intermittency and volatility, the access of large-scale photovoltaic power plants will impact the stability of the power grid, so it is crucial to accurately predict the output of photovoltaics. In addition, because some photovoltaic power plants cannot obtain the relevant numerical weather prediction (NWP) information for power prediction, this poses new challenges to the safe and stable operation of the power grid. On this basis, this paper proposes a power prediction model for distributed photovoltaic power plant based on data sharing and grey relation analysis (GRA) weight optimization. Firstly, the K-means algorithm is used to cluster the output spatial correlation of photovoltaic power plants, and GRA is used to optimize the weight of the reference power station, and the output of the target power station with missing NWP data is predicted by one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1DCNN). According to the example analysis of ten distributed photovoltaic power plants in some cities in Hebei Province, the results show that the RMSE of sunny day prediction is 3.34%, and the RMSE of non-sunny day prediction is 9.15%, which has high accuracy and feasibility, and lays a foundation for the stable operation of the power grid.
Cumulative Frustrations and the Erosion of Social Trust before the Finnish Civil War

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Finnish Civil War of 1918 has been described as a revolution of expectations in the power vacuum left by the collapse of the Russian Empire. More recently, it has been described as an attempted Bolshevik revolution in a democracy. From the perspective of the Finnish Social Democrats, the re-establishment of the Red Guards and seeking support from the Bolsheviks were aimed at preventing a bourgeois counter-revolution. They saw a clear threat of that in the repeal of the act granting parliamentary sovereignty and the dissolution of the socialist-majority Parliament. This article tracks the origins of the socialists' mistrust of the bourgeoisie through industrial relations, land-reform debates and war-time food regulation. Unlike in Sweden, collective agreements were not recognized in Finland. In the mentalities, the divide between landowning individuals and their dependent servants continued. Due to rural overpopulation, there had been little social mobility in the 19th century. Social positions had become essentialized, and initiatives to redistribute land had been postponed by the landowning classes. As in Russia, landless people and industrial workers came to share a class consciousness. They began to direct their frustrations at the state, which they saw as representing private interests.