jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Molecular Mechanisms for Selective Retention of Essential Fatty Acids During Hibernation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

During the summer feeding period, mammalian hibernators may increase their body mass by 100%, primarily by storing huge amounts of triacylglycerol (TG) in white adipose tissue. These TG stores are depleted during hibernation. A deficiency of essential fatty acids (FA) adversely affects the marmots' ability to survive through winter. The preference of monoacylglycerol acyltransferase (MGAT) activity for specific 2-monoacylglycerol could lead to greater retention of selected essential FA in different tissues. MGAT activity is consistently expressed at high activity in animals undergoing high rates of lipolysis. Lipid metabolism plays a major role in hibernators, but few studies have examined the critical enzymes of FA and TG synthesis in hibernators and none have measured these enzymes seasonally in the major organs of lipid homeostasis. Like hibernators, many animals undergo physiological periods that are characterized by high rates of TG hydrolysis and ß-oxidation.
The Rural Hospital Project: Conceptual Background and Current Status*

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT: Rural hospitals are confronting continuing and increasing threats to their inability. A demonstration project for the Washington‐Alaska‐Montana‐Idaho region to address the problems of the rural hospital and health system is described. The assumptions underlying the project are that the rural hospital represents the most important component of the rural health care system, and the role of the rural hospital must be defined in relation to the broad health care needs of the population it serves. However, since the elements of community health services are also interdependent, a comprehensive approach to addressing the broad array of problems which besiege rural health services has been developed. The phases of this comprehensive health services development model are described. This approach is having a substantial impact on the ability of community health care leaders to work together, identify important problems, and initiate a range of interventions, with results that are encouraging for the future of the rural hospital and health care system.
The Effectiveness of Using Interactive Multimedia to Increase Students Mastery of Concept on Topic of Fluid Dynamics on Senior High School in South Halmahera Regency

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article is a part of research about developing multimedia of physics learning based on competence of students on senior high school in North Moluccas. This research was done to investigate the effectiveness of using interactive multimedia to increasing student mastery of concept in ability on national examination of physics particularly on concepts of Fluid Dynamics. This research was an experimental research with randomized control group pretest-posttest design which had involved the students of 11th grade at the one of senior high school in Kayoa archipelago at South Halmahera Regency. Data were collected through test which is contains national examination questions for physics lesson. The result of data analyze shown that the average N-gain for experiment group is 0.45 and control group is 0.28. The analyze of ttest shown that the scores t_count = 2.529 which is higher than the t_critic = 2.0231. Based on the calculation the effect size obtained the magnitude of effect size = 1.1 (high). Based on analyze of data, it was concluded that the use of interactive multimedia in learning of physics as significantly more effective to increase students mastery of concept in ability on national examination of physics spesially on concept of fluid dynamics than conventional learning.
Enterprise Risk Management: A Literature Review and Agenda for Future Research

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) process has heterogeneously developed across the world, although it represents a leading paradigm, supporting organizations to identify, evaluate, and manage risks at the enterprise level. Academics have studied the process, but there is no complete picture of the determinants and implications of such an integrated risk management process. Therefore, we present a systematic empirical literature review on ERM, based on a research protocol. The review highlights that the ERM literature can be divided into four general lines of research: the ERM adoption, the determinants of the ERM implementation, the effects of ERM adoption, and other aspects. In contrast to the richness of studies devoted to ERM engagement in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), studies exploring ERM adoption in banks or insurance are relatively few. The literature review has revealed that the most frequently investigated effect of ERM is on firm performance. Little effort has been dedicated to the analysis of the effectiveness of ERM by its components and to institutional, individual, and organizational factors that affect ERM adoption. The study can serve as a starting point for scholars to explore research gaps related to ERM, while the practitioners can rely on the presented findings to identify the effects of the ERM implementation.
Superconducting Transition Temperature of Superconducting-Normal Periodic Multi-Layer

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Transition temperature T c of superconducting-normal (S-N) periodic multi-layer system is studied in the clean limit. The finite reflection coefficient R at the interface is explicitly taken into account. The obtained gap equation of S-N multi-layer is rather compact and is similar to that of S-N double-layer. The behavior of T c of a periodic multi-layer qualitatively agrees with that of the corresponding double-layer except when the thickness of layer is shorter than the coherence length and R ≃0.5 . Thickness dependence of T c of a periodic multi-layer is in good agreement with the experimental data of Banerjee et al. on the Nb/Cu superlattice.
Improvement of Power Quality Using SMES in PV, Wind, Battery, FC and Electrolyzer based AC Standalone Microgrid

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a stand-alone hybrid energy system that utilizes Wind, Solar, Fuel Cell (FC), Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) and Electrolyzer. A novel control methodology has been created to guarantee that the dc-link voltage stays at its designated value by regulating the converters linked to the FC and electrolyzer. The dc-link reference voltage signal is generated by a constant voltage algorithm of a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) for the photovoltaic system (PVS). Consequently, the converters linked to the FC and electrolyzers not only control the dc voltage but also function as an MPPT, removing the necessity for an extra MPPT circuit for the PVS. By properly controlling the dynamics of the FC and electrolyzer, the SMES can charge/discharge instantaneously while the FC/electrolyzer can feed/consume power in a steady state. The proposed control methodology of the dc voltage is simple and requires only a few measurements. Furthermore, a PWM inverter controller was created to uphold voltages at their designated reference level. Extensive simulation results carried out using Simulink on MATLAB platform have demonstrated that the controllers function effectively in both transient and steady state situations.
Do Fathers Effects the Social Skills of Preschool Children: An Experimental Study

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a Father Training Program (FTP) on the social skills of pre-school children. The study was carried out in two preschools in the central province of Kilis in Turkey. A pretest-posttest control group experimental design was implemented in this study. Both the study group and the control group consisted of 40 preschool children and their fathers from different preschools. The FTP was implemented with fathers in the experimental group for twelve weeks, but the FTP was not applied to the fathers in the control group. In this study, Social Skills Assessment Scale (SSAS) was used. Data were collected by preschool teachers before and after FTP. Covariant analysis with one factor (ANCOVA) and t test were used to analyze the data. At the end of the FTP, it was observed that there were statistically significant differences between the children in the control group and experimental group in terms of their level of social skills (p&lt;.01). It was observed that the difference between the mean scores of post-test and retention tests of the children in the experimental group was insignificant and the effect of the FTP was continuing. This shows that training program including fathers has an effect on children's social skills.
Abnormal expression of ephrin-A5 affects brain development of congenital hypothyroidism rats

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

EphA5 and its ligand ephrin-A5 interaction can trigger synaptogenesis during early hippocampus development. We have previously reported that abnormal EphA5 expression can result in synaptogenesis disorder in congenital hypothyroidism (CH) rats. To better understand its precise molecular mechanism, we further analyzed the characteristics of ephrin-A5 expression in the hippocampus of CH rats. Our study revealed that ephrin-A5 expression was downregulated by thyroid hormone deficiency in the developing hippocampus and hippocampal neurons in rats. Thyroxine treatment for hypothyroid hippocampus and triiodothyronine treatment for hypothyroid hippocampal neurons significantly improved ephrin-A5 expression but could not restore its expression to control levels. Hypothyroid hippocampal neurons in-vitro showed synaptogenesis disorder characterized by a reduction in the number and length of neurites. Furthermore, the synaptogenesis-associated molecular expressions of NMDAR-1 (NR1), PSD95 and CaMKII were all downregulated correspondingly. These results suggest that ephrin-A5 expression may be decreased in CH, and abnormal activation of ephrin-A5/EphA5 signaling affects synaptogenesis during brain development. Such findings provide an important basis for exploring the pathogenesis of CH genetically.
REPORT Mutant Desmocollin-2 Causes Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a genetically heterogeneous heart-muscle disorder char-acterized by progressive fibrofatty replacement of right ventricular myocardium and an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. Mutations in desmosomal proteins that cause ARVC have been previously described; therefore, we investigated 88 unrelated patients with the disorder for mutations in human desmosomal cadherin desmocollin-2 (DSC2). We iden-tified a heterozygous splice-acceptor–site mutation in intron 5 (c.631-2ArG) of the DSC2 gene, which led to the use of a cryptic splice-acceptor site and the creation of a downstream premature termination codon. Quantitative analysis of cardiac DSC2 expression in patient specimens revealed a marked reduction in the abundance of the mutant transcript. Morpholino knockdown in zebrafish embryos revealed a requirement for dsc2 in the establishment of the normal my-ocardial structure and function, with reduced desmosomal plaque area, loss of the desmosome extracellular electron-dense midlines, and associated myocardial contractility defects. These data identify DSC2 mutations as a cause of ARVC in humans and demonstrate that physiologic levels of DSC2 are crucial for normal cardiac desmosome formation, early
Vertical leaf area distribution, light transmittance, and application of the Beer–Lambert Law in four mature hardwood stands in the southern Appalachians

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

We quantified stand leaf area index and vertical leaf area distribution, and developed canopy extinction coefficients (k), in four mature hardwood stands. Leaf area index, calculated from litter fall and specific leaf area (c 2 •g −1 ), ranged from 4.3 to 5.4 m 2 •m −2 . In three of the four stands, leaf area was distributed in the upper canopy. In the other stand, leaf area was uniformly distributed throughout the canopy. Variation in vertical leaf area distribution was related to the size and density of upper and lower canopy trees. Light transmittance through the canopies followed the Beer–Lambert Law, and k values ranged from 0.53 to 0.67. Application of these k values to an independent set of five hardwood stands with validation data for light transmittance and litter-fall leaf area index yielded variable results. For example, at k = 0.53, calculated leaf area index was within ± 10% of litter-fall estimates for three of the five sites, but from −35 to + 85% different for two other sites. Averaged across all validation sites, litter-fall leaf area index and Beer-Lambert leaf area index predictions were in much closer agreement ( ± 7 to ± 15%).
The Allan-Herndon-Dudley Syndrome: How Common Is It, and Does Normalizing Thyroid Function Tests in Such Patients Improve Any Clinical Parameters?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY Background Thyroid hormone transporters are expressed on the plasma membranes of cells, where they can influence both the uptake and the efflux of thyroid hormones. The monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) is an important and widely expressed transporter of several thyronines. Patients with the Allan–Herndon– Dudley syndrome present in infancy with hypotonia, weakness, and failure to gain weight. They have global developmental delays in childhood, and they display spasticity and hyperreflexia as adults. Their thyroidfunction tests show a characteristic pattern—high T3, low-normal T4, and high-normal TSH—that reflect mutations in MCT8 affecting its activities. The hypothalamic–pituitary axis seems to have reduced sensitivity to T3, whereas the high circulating level of T3 produces hyperthyroid responses in the kidney, liver, and cardiovascular system of these patients. (Interestingly, MCT8 is also expressed in the thyroid gland, where it is involved in the secretion of thyroid hormones). MCT8 is found on the X chromosome; female carriers generally are asymptomatic, but may display mild abnormalities on thyroid-function tests (1). The current study used less stringent thyroid hormone criteria to screen men institutionalized for mental retardation to look for additional patients with MCT8 mutations. Methods
Modeling Ship Behaviors as an Intelligent Agent for Collision Avoidance Simulation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Ship is modeled as an intelligent agent for collision avoidance simulation and studies in this paper. The ship intelligent agent (SIA) architecture is designed and seven basic units are proposed, they are perception unit, memory unit, communication unit, emotion unit, action unit, learning unit and thinking unit. Furthermore, the simulated environment model consisted by ship sailing environment and society environment, is also discussed.
The Implicit Processing in Multiple Object Tracking

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Previous research has shown that implicit memory of visual context guides visual attention to a target object in a dynamic scene (Chun &amp; Jiang, 1999). We investigated how attention affects implicit learning of contextual information in dynamic scene using a multiple object tracking (MOT) task. Participants were asked to track five identical targets which moved independently and unpredictably among five identical distractors. In this task, the motion patterns (trajectories) of the target items (Experiment 1) or the distractor items (Experiment 2) were made invariant by repeating them throughout the entire experimental session. The results showed that the invari-ant motion patterns of the target set improved MOT performance implicitly. In addition, participants demonstrated greater perform-ance when the motion patterns of both target and distractor set were made invariant. This additional facilitation by the distractor set was not observed when only patterns of the distractor set was repeated. These data suggest contextual modulation of attentional track-ing and sensitivity to the global motion pattern in a dynamic scene.
inf.tu-dresden.de

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

AMD’s Advanced Synchronization Facility (ASF) is an x86 instruction set extension proposal intended to simplify and speed up the synchronization of concurrent programs. In this paper, we report our experiences using ASF for imple-menting transactional memory. We have extended a C/C++ compiler to support language-level transactions and generate code that takes advantage of ASF. We use a software fall-back mechanism for transactions that cannot be committed within ASF (e. g., because of hardware capacity limitations). Our evaluation uses a cycle-accurate x86 simulator that we have extended with ASF support. Building a complete ASF-based software stack allows us to evaluate the performance gains that a user-level program can obtain from ASF. Our measurements on a wide range of benchmarks indicate that the overheads traditionally associated with software transac-tional memories can be significantly reduced with the help of ASF.
The Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AD is a common problem among those in the Chinese population older than 65 yr. Furthermore, an increasing trend of the disease over the past 10 years is indicative of a critical public health problem in China in the near future. Further evidence based on a national survey is needed to estimate the exact prevalence of the disease in the country.
The Flexner report: 100 years later

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Flexner Report of 1910 transformed the nature and process of medical education in America with a resulting elimination of proprietary schools and the establishment of the biomedical model as the gold standard of medical training. This transformation occurred in the aftermath of the report, which embraced scientific knowledge and its advancement as the defining ethos of a modern physician. Such an orientation had its origins in the enchantment with German medical education that was spurred by the exposure of American educators and physicians at the turn of the century to the university medical schools of Europe. American medicine profited immeasurably from the scientific advances that this system allowed, but the hyper-rational system of German science created an imbalance in the art and science of medicine. A catching-up is under way to realign the professional commitment of the physician with a revision of medical education to achieve that purpose.
Social commerce adoption among Jordanian youth: empirical study

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Social commerce is a subset of e-commerce, which utilises social networking tools. Customers' adoption of this new technology is not addressed by researchers in Jordan and consequently not yet completely understood. To our knowledge, this research is the first one that studied Jordanians intention to adopt social commerce. This study proposed a conceptual model based on the technology acceptance model (TAM) and empirically tested using a survey of 299 Jordanian respondents. Findings of the study showed that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, information quality, social support, and trust significantly impacted Jordanian's intention to adopt s-commerce. Results of this study showed that the five constructs of the model explained (33.6%) of the variance of respondent's intention. In addition, the F-test of the model's variables was highly significant which means that there is a linear relationship between those variables. Thus, results of this study demonstrate the applicability of our model in testing this phenomenon.
Greek Passion Revisited: Appropriations of Medea in African American Fiction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Writers involved in the revision of classical myths necessarily engage in what Hans Blumenberg terms "work on myth." Whether they retain the ancient setting or transpose the stories about gods and heroes of antiquity into their own time and place, they transform earlier versions of the myths according to the questions relevant in their societies. In the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, feminists and African Americans have shown a particular interest in rewriting and revising the Medea myth. Whereas many Black intellectuals of the early twentieth century argued that African Americans should be entitled to and thus should thrive for the cultural and symbolic capital of a literary taste defined as legitimate by whites, the attitude towards the Western canon changed with the civil rights movement and the development of a genuinely Black aesthetics. In the ensuing canon debates, the adoption of consecrated authors of the Western tradition was often interpreted as an act of submission. More recently, however, there is a revived interest among African Americanwriters in classics and in classical myths, often referred to as "Black classicism." In the following, I will discuss three appropriations of the Medea myth in Black fiction - W. E. B. Du Bois' The Quest of the Silver Fleece (1911), Percival Everett's For Her Dark Skin (1990), and Jesmyn Ward's Salvage the Bones (2011).
Trust me: the keys to success in cooperative collections ventures

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose – Cooperation among research libraries is a venerable pursuit with a long history. The purpose of this paper is to examine three collaborative tools and programs ranging from the late 1970s to the present to identify the promise of each as well as the challenges, the factors that both facilitate and interfere with true cooperation, highlighting the lessons learned. Design/methodology/approach – The author analyzes the development and functions of the Conspectus of the Research Libraries Group, the Global Resources Program of the Association of Research Libraries, and the Triangle Research Libraries Network in the state of North Carolina, USA. Findings – While the goals of collaborative collections initiatives are laudable, it is often difficult to accomplish true, balanced, and lasting cooperation that results in both expanded access and financial reallocation. Originality/value – The study is a first-hand, inside look at the methods and mechanisms of cooperative collection development that offers suggestions for future partnerships on either a small or a large scale.
Downhole Energy Harvesting From an Isothermal Well Zone by Converting a Differential Pressure into a Differential Temperature and Combining Thermo-Generators for Smart Well Completions

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The present paper is concerned with a new method for downhole energy harvesting from an isothermal well zone. It is shown that in a horizontal well compartment where there is thermal equilibrium, the pressure differential between the sand face and the wellbore can be converted into temperature differential using a vortex tube system. The flow, pressure and temperature measurements using the vortex tube in a physical model are correlated to the amount of energy generated with different pressure ranges expected in the well environment. The data reveal that the energy generated can charge substantially a battery to operate downhole sensors and control devices.
ChemInform Abstract: A Study of the Interconversion Between 3,4‐Dihydro‐4‐formyl‐2‐hydroxy‐ 2H‐benzopyran and 2,3,3a,8a‐Tetrahydro‐2‐hydroxyfuro(2,3‐b)benzofuran Moieties, and Its Application to a Formal Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐ Aflatoxin B1.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.