jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Slow growth of the Rayleigh-Plateau instability in aqueous two phase systems

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper studies the Rayleigh-Plateau instability for co-flowing immiscible aqueous polymer solutions in a microfluidic channel. Careful vibration-free experiments with controlled actuation of the flow allowed direct measurement of the growth rate of this instability. Experiments for the well-known aqueous two phase system (ATPS, or aqueous biphasic systems) of dextran and polyethylene glycol solutions exhibited a growth rate of 1 s−1, which was more than an order of magnitude slower than an analogous experiment with two immiscible Newtonian fluids with viscosities and interfacial tension that closely matched the ATPS experiment. Viscoelastic effects and adhesion to the walls were ruled out as explanations for the observed behavior. The results are remarkable because all current theory suggests that such dilute polymer solutions should break up faster, not slower, than the analogous Newtonian case. Microfluidic uses of aqueous two phase systems include separation of labile biomolecules but have hitherto be limited because of the difficulty in making droplets. The results of this work teach how to design devices for biological microfluidic ATPS platforms.
Haemoprevalence Of Malaria And Haematological Parameters Of Febrile Patients In A Hospital In Dutsin-Ma Town, North Western Nigeria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A study to assess the haemoprevalence and associated haematological effect of malaria infection was conducted among febrile patients. 86 febrile patients (37 males and 49 females) attending Dutsin-Ma General hospital, Katsina State, North-western Nigeria were used for the study. 5ml of peripheral blood samples were collected from each patient; 3 ml was placed in EDTA containers for malaria parasite test and hematologic parameters test. All samples were stored at -2ᵒC to +8oC and transported to the laboratory for analysis. An overall herd prevalence of 61.6% was observed. The percentages of infected male and female individuals were 59.5% and 63.3%, respectively. The least (40%) and the highest prevalence (77.8%) were recorded in age groups 25-36 and >36 years respectively. The odd of having a malaria positive individual is 0.9 (95% CI = 0.355-2.046). The difference in Prevalence across the age groups is statistically not significant (P>0.05). The odd of having a malaria positive individual across the Age groups is 1.7 (95% CI = 0.613-4.494). The herd level prevalence of malaria in the study area is high. Therefore, Proactive steps such as use of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs), ensuring the screening of windows and doors, maintaining a healthy environment condition (which discourages the breeding of mosquitoes) and other effective malaria control strategies would all have a synergistic effect in controlling malaria infection.
[Clinical-therapeutic considerations in a case of miliary tuberculosis in an indonesian girl].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The authors describe the case of widespread miliary tuberculosis, that arose in a ten year-old Indonesian girl of middle-class, who has been living in Italy from about three years. The girl was probably contaminated by a subject belonging to the same ethnic-social community, who was affected with tubercular disease. The diagnosis was effected on the ground of: clinical picture including continued-remitting fever, a loose cough, asthenia, anorexia, weight reduction, aching tumefaction on the left side of the neck; isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the expectoration, blood, urine, and a lymph node located on the left side of the neck; radiological picture that revealed a widespread miliary tuberculosis. In spite of polychemotherapy with isoniazid , rifampicin, pirazinamide, and streptomycin that was subsequently replaced by ethambutol, the course of the illness worsened and it was characterized with fever, cachexia, respiratory insufficiency and repeated episodes of pneumothorax. For such reasons on the ground of susceptibility to the antibiogram amikacin and ciprofloxacin, as well as glucocorticoids to limit the fibrousness, were added to the specific therapy that was already being out. For persisting of relapsing pneumothoraxes, the patient underwent a thoracoscopy and plerodesis with talcum powder. After four months of antitubercular therapy, the research of M. tuberculosis resulted negative in the expectoration, urine, bronchus-alveolar washing liquid and blood, in addition to improvement in general state of health with remission of fever was noticed.
Expression Vector Construction and Transformation into Arabidopsis of Maize Protein Kinase Gene ZmASK1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To study the function of maize protein kinase gene ZmASK1,the cDNA sequence of ZmASK1 was inserted into expression vector pGreen0029,and overexpressed in transgenic Arabidopsis.PCR and Western-blot analysis showed that ZmASK1 had transformed into Arabidopsis and was expressed in most of transgenic plants.This study has made it possible to study the function of ZmASK1 later.
France-Pakistan : unwritten alliance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Les alliances pour la sécurité et le communisme comme levier sont deux politiques qui sont l'outil majeur des politiques étrangères des relations franco-pakistanaises pendant la guerre froide pour atteindre leurs objectifs nationaux. États-Unis a été l'acteur principal autour duquel l'ensemble de la formation politique fondée. Les menaces réelles ou supposées pour la France ou le Pakistan les a conduit à adopter la politique étrangère réactif - que ce soit contre les Etats-Unis ou contre l'Inde. Cette perception de la menace, quand on les croise dans une certaine mesure, a été transformé en nationalisme nucléaire dans les deux pays - bien que dans les décennies différentes. Être une grande pouvoir du passé, l’adaptation de ces politiques par la France qui peuvent être attendus par un pays sous-développé comme le Pakistan, conclure deux choses : la position de la France en déclin dans les décisions internationales faisant la hiérarchie et la lutte pour survivre a diminué le statut politique des Etats lors de la formulation des politiques. Le lien qui renforce la relation entre les États est non seulement la communauté d'intérêts, mais aussi l'adoption de politiques mêmes sous certaines contraintes. La chaleur qui se développe entre la France et le Pakistan au cours des années 1960 et plus tard - a prouvé qu'il existe de grande possibilité qui aident les deux États à avancer. Si elles peuvent formuler des même politiques, sans consultation, ils étendre ce peuple de l'approche dans d'autres domaines d'intérêt.
Commercial scale production of demanding cGMP products

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAdvertisementNEXTCommercial scale production of demanding cGMP productsCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2015, 93, 43, 10Publication Date (Print):November 2, 2015Publication History Published online30 March 2016Published inissue 2 November 2015https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-09343-ad04Copyright © 2015 Chemical & Engineering NewsArticle Views58Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (10 MB) Get e-Alerts
[Treatment of post-traumatical coagulated hemothorax. Videothoracoscopy or open surgery].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Comparative estimation of videothoracic and open surgery efficacy in the treatment of post-traumatic coagulated hemothorax have been shown in 612 patients. According to the achieved results, effectiveness of videothoracoscopy (92.4%) is better than open surgeries. Apart from that, reduction in the hospitalization days (9.6 days compared to 11.5 days in open surgeries), frequency of complications (4.5% and 13.8%), traumatic intervention and rehabilitation time. All the patients alive. Best results are achieved using videothoracoscopical operations at the earliest in posttraumatic coagulated hemothorax.
Protocol for bird (Aves) monitoring in floodplains of the continental part of Croatia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

U okviru INTEREG projekta Drava kao pogranicna rijeka: uspostavljanje suradnje u oblasti zastite prirode, u ocuvanju bioloske raznolikosti, prenosenju iskustava u pracenju stanja s ciljem razvoja europske ekoloske mreže jedan od ciljeva priojekta bio je izraditi i Protokol za pracene ptica na podrucju rijeka Drave i Dunava te Baranje. Protokol je primjenjiv za pracenje stanja populacija ptica kontinentalne nizinske Hrvatske na podrucju koje je ograniceno rijekama Murom i Dravom na sjeveru te rijekama Kupom i Savom na jugu
Predictors of lymph node metastasis and prognosis in early colorectal cancer patients with signet-ring cell and mucinous adenocarcinomas.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

717 Background: The local excision of early colorectal cancer is limited by the presence of lymph node metastasis. Signet-ring cell carcinomas and mucinous adenocarcinomas are two relatively infrequent histological subtypes. However, little is known about the predictors of lymph node metastases and prognosis to support the feasibility of local excision in early-stage signet-ring cell and mucinous colorectal adenocarcinomas. Methods: The Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Database (1988 to 2006) from the National Cancer Institute was used to identify all patients with T1 adenocarcinomas, including conventional adenocarcinoma (AC), mucinous adenocarcinomas (MAC), and signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRC). The prevalence of lymph node metastasis was assessed, and the long-term survival rate in the above three types of colorectal cancer was calculated. Results: Final cohorts of 47,260 patients were eligible for analysis. SRC accounted for 0.3% and MAC accounted for 3.7% of the entire cohort of colorectal adenocarcinomas. Compared to AC, SRC and MAC more frequently presented at a younger age, were located in the proximal colon, and exhibited a higher grade. The incidence of lymph node metastasis in AC, MAC, and SRC was 5.8%, 10.8%, and 15.3%, respectively. Patients with SRC were associated with a worse prognosis, regardless of the tumor location. Patients with MAC of the rectum, but not the colon, were associated with a reduced implication of prognosis. After adjusting for other clinicopathological factors, SRC and MAC of the rectum were independently associated with a high risk of death (HR 2.70, CI 1.77-4.12 and HR 1.65, CI 1.38-1.98 for SRC and MAC, respectively). Histology was not found to be an independent prognostic factor in patients with colon cancer. Conclusions: MAC and SRC are two distinct subtypes of colorectal cancer that require special attention despite their relatively rare prevalence. T1 patients with SRC and patients with MAC of the rectum have higher incidences of lymph node metastasis (LNM), and with these adverse outcomes, local excision is not recommended. Although MAC of the colon has a high rate of LNM, the prognosis of this type is similar to that of AC.
Book review articles

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Charisma and Control in Ranjeeshpuram: The Role of Shared Values in the Creation of a Community. Lewis F. Carter, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990, 320 pp. £35.00. ISBN 0–521–38554–7 The Social Dimensions of Sectarianism: Sects and New Religious Movements in Contemporary Society. Bryan R. Wilson, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990. xii +299 pp. £35.00, ISBN 0–19–827346–0 Call No Man Master. Joyce Collin‐Smith, Bath: Gateway Books, 1988, 231 pp. £655 (p/b) ISBN 0–946551–46–4 Spirit Possession: The Counterfeit with Many Faces. T.E. Wade, Auburn; California: Gazelle Publications, 1991 91 pp. n.p. ISBN 0–930192–24–9
A characterization of the first hitting time of double integral processes to curved boundaries

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The problem of finding the probability distribution of the first hitting time of a double integral process (DIP) such as the integrated Wiener process (IWP) has been an important and difficult endeavor in stochastic calculus. It has applications in many fields of physics (first exit time of a particle in a noisy force field) or in biology and neuroscience (spike time distribution of an integrate-and-fire neuron with exponentially decaying synaptic current). The only results available are an approximation of the stationary mean crossing time and the distribution of the first hitting time of the IWP to a constant boundary. We generalize these results and find an analytical formula for the first hitting time of the IWP to a continuous piecewise-cubic boundary. We use this formula to approximate the law of the first hitting time of a general DIP to a smooth curved boundary, and we provide an estimation of the convergence of this method. The accuracy of the approximation is computed in the general case for the IWP and the effective calculation of the crossing probability can be carried out through a Monte Carlo method.
In vivo ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography using a Kerr-lens modelocked Ti:Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ laser

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Summary form only given. Over the past few years, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been extensively evaluated as a possible diagnostic tool in a variety of medical fields, demonstrating its feasibility as a high speed, non-invasive, high resolution in vivo and in situ imaging modality with the possibility of being easily implemented into different medical diagnostic instruments; e.g., catheters, microscopes, as well as ophthalmoscopes. We demonstrate an ultrahigh, subcellular level resolution OCT system for in vivo and in vitro imaging. It uses a Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser that emits pulses as short as 5.5 fs with bandwidths up to 350 nm centred at 800 nm with an average power of up to 150 mW, due to broadband controlled dispersion and high reflectivity enabled by low-dispersion prisms and special designed double chirped mirrors. The output spectrum can be shaped by changing the prisms insertions (P1, P2) or by alteration of the prism separation. Appropriate single mode fibers, special broad bandwidth, wavelength flattened 3 dB fiber coupler, as well as special achromatic and catadioptric objectives are used to maintain this ultrabroad bandwidth to achieve subcellular level resolution.
DISCRETE-TIME VARIABLE STRUCTURE CONTROLLER FOR AIRCRAFT FLIGHT ANGLE TRACKING

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Summary The paper presents the longitudinal, short-period aircraft dynamics and its application on the climb angle tracking. For the aircraft flight angle tracking the stable system centre technique is developed for controlling the output in a discrete-time non-minimum phase causal system using the sliding mode control. The developed discrete-time stable system centre technique transforms the output tracking problem to a corresponding state variable tracking problem by asymptotically identifying the ideal internal dynamics for the unstable internal states of a discrete-time system. A numerical simulation example is given to show the effectiveness of the method.
Arthrogryposis in Murrah buffaloes in southern Brazil

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Congenital arthrogryposis is described in a Murrah buffalo herd. The disease was characterized by curvature and multiple articular rigidity of the hindlimbs or of all limbs without associated defects except for one case of brachygnatia. Histologically there was reduction of motor neurons from the ventral horns of the spinal cord and hypoplasia of the limb muscles. Analysis of the herd breeding records suggests that the disease is genetically transmitted by an autosomal recessive trait.
Muscarinic autoreceptor regulates acetylcholine release in rat hippocampus: in vitro evidence

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Release of 3 H‐ACh from isolated nerve endings of rat hippocampus was evoked by incubation in Krebs‐Ringer's buffer containing 25 or 35 mM potassium. The release was Ca 2+ ‐dependent and could be inhibited by Mg 2+ (20 mM). The muscarinic antagonist, atropine (10 ‐10 –10 ‐6 M), enhanced 3 H‐ACh‐release. The muscarinic agonist, carbachol (10 ‐5 –10 ‐3 M) inhibited 3 H‐ACh release via interaction with muscarinic receptors: this effect could be blocked by atropine (10 ‐6 M). The presence of the feed‐back regulation of 3 H‐ACh release in a cell‐free preparation provides further evidence that the presynaptic regulation is exerted by muscarinic autoreceptors localized on the cholinergic nerve ending itself. The feed back inhibition of the 3 H‐ACh release does not require the presence of intact neurons or neuronal loops as tetrodotoxin (2.5. 10 ‐6 M) does not affect the above results.
Research on the water movement regulation in soil in Karst desertification areas

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

For a better understanding of the water movement regulation of soil in Karst areas, this paper took the soil of the desertification area in Guizhou as research subject, analgzed the critical saturated water, water leakage rate and water evapotranspiration rate with the method of simulated precipitation. The results indicated that it reached saturation field capacity when precipitation simulation was 130~140 mm, which was the leakage critical point; while it reached the maximum infiltration rate within 10 min when the precipitation simulation was 145~165 mm; while it reached the maximum in the first 5 minutes when the precipitation exceeded 165 mm and water loss was in the way of evaporation when precipitation was less than the critical point. This study figures out the fundamental rule of soil water movement in Karst desertification area and provides the relevant basic data for future research with the significance of ecosystem protection in Karst area.
123I-labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine for diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract: Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) is an analog of the catecholamine norepinephrine. Through a type I energy-dependent active amine transport mechanism, it is taken up in presynaptic cytoplasmic storage vesicles of adrenergic nerves. Many normal tissues that have rich adrenergic innervation accumulate MIBG, including the heart and salivary glands. Additionally, MIBG is accumulated in benign and malignant tissues derived from the neural crest, such as the adrenal medulla and neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), where it is stored within neurosecretory granules. This provides the molecular basis for highly specific imaging and therapy with radiolabeled MIBG. Both 123 I-MIBG and 131 I-MIBG are available for diagnostic purposes. Considering the physical characteristics of 123 I (159 keV photon energy, 13.2 hours half-life) and clinical experience, 123 I-MIBG is the agent of choice for diagnostic imaging. It shows high sensitivity and specificity in detecting NETs. NETs include a wide range of neoplasms arising from tissues derived from the neural crest, such as neuroblastomas (NBs), pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, NETs of the gastroenteropancreatic tract (GEP tumors), as well as medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTCs). The purpose of this review is to summarize the diagnostic application of 123 I-MIBG in detecting diverse NETs and in guiding the subsequent clinical management and treatment protocols. Keywords: 123 I-MIBG, diagnosis, neuroblastoma, pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma, neuroendocrine tumors of the gastroenteropancreatic tract, medullary thyroid carcinoma, multiple endocrine neoplasm syndromes
The Influence of Surface Covers on the Performance of a Soil Vapor Extraction System

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This study looks at the influence of surface covers on the performance of a single pumping well system. Pilot tests were conducted on a sandy soil to determine the influence of surface confinement based upon both induced vacuum and pore gas velocity design criteria. The results demonstrate how covering the surface can significantly alter the associated air flow patterns and velocity distribution. Comparison of streamline iso‐contours obtained in covered scenarios reveals that the surface seal tended to prevent air from entering the subsurface near the extraction well and force air to be drawn from a greater distance. Calculated and measured pressure differentials, for open and semi‐confined scenarios, clearly show that adding a clay layer as a surface cover increased the vacuum induced within the soil. Pore gas velocity analysis showed that when the cover clay layer was used, the zone of capture of the soil vapor extraction system increased. The radius of influence of soil vapor extraction (SVE) systems, based on the attainment of a critical vacuum or pore gas velocity, can then be increased by including a surface seal in the design of such systems. The focus of this study is limited to air flow patterns contrasted between covered and uncovered conditions and not on the nuances of a full scale remediation implementation.
Incidence of hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria and related factors in patients treated with recombinant human parathyroid hormone (1-84).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The incidence of hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria after treatment with PTH (1-84) is similar to that expected according to the product's technical specifications. There was a significant correlation between increases of serum calcium, urinary calcium excretion, serum alkaline phosphatase, and β-CTx after treatment with PTH (1-84). Baseline β-CTx values were significantly lower in patients who developed hypercalcemia than in those with normal serum calcium levels.
Evaluating the effect on tensile bond strength between commonly used acrylic denture base material lined with two variety of soft liners after using three varieties of denture cleansers-an in vitro study

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Background: Long-term use of denture causes significant changes in its supporting structures and can lead to constant pain and discomfort. Soft lining material extensively used in field of prosthodontics to improve fit of conventional acrylic resin denture for restoring optimal health of abused oral tissue showing degenerative change. Method: Specially designed metal mould used for fabrication of 80 acrylic resin blocks. Applying soft liner between 2 acrylic sample using metal mould and grouping these samples for immersion in solution of denture cleansers. These acrylic samples were then divided into 2 groups of 40 samples each for applying 2 variety of soft liner for each group (L1 and L2). Keeping specimen in solution of denture cleanser per day for 8 h keeping each specimen 3 times a day=equals to 3 days treatment. Thus, keeping the specimen for 30 days×3 exposure=amount to 90 days (3 months) exposure and then tensile bond strength measured using universal testing machine (Instron). ANOVA test is applied. Results: Tensile bond strength of Viscogel soft liner with acrylic based is decreased with more Polident denture cleanser followed by Efferdent, Clinsodent and least affected by water which is statistically significant. Conclusions: The clinician should choose denture cleanser by considering the microbiologic properties of cleansers and material aspects such as the compatibility of denture cleanser with soft liners.