jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Parental reactions to weight screening in young children: a randomized controlled trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Background Parental inability to recognize child overweight and physician reluctance to instigate discussion prevents behaviour change. Objective To evaluate parental acceptance of child overweight status following screening. Methods Interviewers used motivational interviewing or best practice care to discuss overweight status of 271 young children (BMI ≥ 85 th ) with parents using simple traffic‐light BMI charts. Follow‐up sessions two weeks later ( n = 251, 93%) were coded qualitatively to assess parental reactions to the information (overweight diagnosis) and how it was presented (feedback condition). Results Eight‐two percent of parents rated the charts positively with few (8–10%) feeling judged. Motivational interviewing parents viewed feedback as more empathetic (relative risk, 95% CI: 4.07, 1.64–10.09), but more uncomfortable (12.2, 1.48–100.1) than best practice care parents. Overall, 65.2% of parents accepted their child was overweight, 22.1% were ambivalent and 12.7% rejected the information. Although motivational interviewing parents were less likely to accept it (OR, 95% CI: 0.49, 0.37–0.64) and more likely to be ambivalent (2.01, 1.17–3.47), the most important predictor of acceptance was a positive experience of feedback ( P < 0.001). Conclusions Simple traffic‐light charts facilitate discussion of child overweight status with parents. Style of feedback is less relevant than ensuring a positive experience for parents to increase acceptance of the weight information.
Review: Erythropoietin or darbepoetin for anemia in patients with cancer produces both benefits and harms with no increase in survival

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

TherapeuticsJanuary 1, 2007Review: Erythropoietin or darbepoetin for anemia in patients with cancer produces both benefits and harms with no increase in survivalJeanna Welborn, MDJeanna Welborn, MDUniversity of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA (J.W.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/ACPJC-2007-146-1-006 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationBohlius J, Wilson J, Seidenfeld J, et al. Erythropoietin or darbepoetin for patients with cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;(3):CD003407. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16856007Clinical Impact RatingsHematology: Oncology: References1 Rizzo JD, Lichtin AE, Woolf SH, et al. Use of epoetin in patients with cancer: evidence-based clinical practice guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the American Society of Hematology. Blood. 2002;100;2303-20. [PMID: 12239138] Google Scholar2 Bokemeyer C, Aapro MS, Courdi A, et al. EORTC guidelines for the use of erythropoietic proteins in anaemic patients with cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2004;40:2201-6. [PMID: 15454245] Google Scholar3 Auerbach M, Ballard H, Trout JR, et al. Intravenous iron optimizes the response to recombinant human erythropoietin in cancer patients with chemotherapy-related anemia: a multicenter, open-label, randomized trial. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22:1301-7. [PMID: 15051778] Google Scholar4 Henke M, Mattern D, Pepe M, et al. Do erythropoietin receptors on cancer cells explain unexpected clinical findings? J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:4708-13. [PMID: 17028293] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA (J.W.) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails January 1, 2007Volume 146, Issue 1Page: 6KeywordsAnemiaCancer preventionCancer treatmentDrug administrationDrugsErythropoietinFoodHematocritHemoglobinHypertensionInformation storage and retrievalProspective studiesQuality of lifeRed blood cellsVenous thromboembolism ePublished: 9 March 2020 Issue Published: January 1, 2007 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2007 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
PORTAL AND ARTERIAL FLUSHING WITH HTK AND TACROLIMUS CAN ATTENUATE THE INCIDENCE OF EARLY LIVER ALLOGRAFT DYSFUNCTION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It was shown that Tacrolimus (Tac) can suppress infl ammation and immune response involved in liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) (Kristo I., Transpl Int., 2011). Aim. We hypothesize that back-table arterial and portal liver perfusion with Tac can infl uence the incidence and severity of early allograft dysfunction (EAD). A prospective randomized study was conducted (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifi er: NCT01887171). Materials and methods. Criteria of the inclusion: First liver transplantation from DBD donor with sequential portal-arterial reperfusion. At back-table portal vein and hepatic artery were perfused each by 500 ml of HTK solution containing 20 ng/ml Tac during 10–15 min followed by portal fl ushing with 200 ml 5% solution of Albumin containing 20 ng/ml Tac and by resting of liver in effl uent. No Tac was added in the control group. Primary Outcome: EAD (Olthoff KM, et al. Liver Transpl. 2010) and severe EAD (P.R.Salvalaggio, et al. Transpl. Proceedings, 2012). Results. No difference was found between groups (main vs. control) in terms of MELD (16 vs. 16), steatosis (10 vs. 10%), ballooning (45 vs. 40%) of liver grafts, recipient age (50 vs. 50 y.o.), warm ischemia time (50 vs.50 min) and total ischemia time (482.5 vs. 485.0 min). Median donor age was higher in the main group (44.5 vs. 39.0 y.o.). The overall rate of EAD was 27.9%. EAD rate was signifi cantly lower in the main group (6/43 vs. 18/43; p = 0.003). The rate of moderate-to-severe EAD was lower in the main group (1/43 vs. 10/43; p = 0.009). The median levels of AST and ALT in 24 h after reperfusion were signifi cantly lower in the intervention group (1004 vs. 1596; p = 0.03 and 449 vs. 759; p = 0.057). Conclusion. Portal and arterial back-table liver perfusion with HTK solution with Tacrolimus may contribute to lower EAD incidence and severity.
Analysis on the Chemical Constituents of Extraction from the Seeds of Polygonum hydropiper L.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Objective To analyze the constituents in the extracts from the seeds of Polygonum hydropiper L.Methods To analyze the constituents by GC-MS.Results 3 compounds and their structures were identified.Conclusion This is the first time to study the chemical constituents of the extracts from the seeds of Polygonum hydropiper L,other compounds and their structures should be identified.
Neoadjuvant treatment with trastuzumab and pertuzumab plus fulvestrant in older patients with HER2-positive, ER-positive early breast cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

13 Background: The prevalence of breast cancer in older adults (≥70 years) is increasing and worse outcomes compared to younger patients could be explained by advanced presentation, late diagnosis, deterioration of organ function, and the presence of multimorbidities. Older patients are under-represented in clinical trials. Therefore, the risks and benefits of anticancer therapy should be carefully evaluated. The CREATE-X36 and KATHERINE37 trials enrolled few older individuals but did not show any new safety concerns, older patients should be considered for trastuzumab in case of residual HER2-positive disease following neoadjuvant systemic therapy; neoadjuvant endocrine therapy for at least 4-6 months is useful for older patients who are not immediately suitable for surgery and aromatase inhibitors are favored over tamoxifen in view of better response rate. Although adjuvant trastuzumab is beneficial regardless of age, anti-HER2 (neo)adjuvant strategies remain poorly investigated in patients age 65 years or older. Pertuzumab can be considered for high-risk individuals, but diarrhoea can be debilitating in older adults, similarly with adjuvant neratinib. Age is associated with increased cardiac toxicity rates with trastuzumab,80 with 15–40% of patients requiring early discontinuation, particularly patients who are age 80 years or older and have multimorbidities. Methods: Open-label, exploratory, phase 2 study done at one center in Venezuela. Patients were eligible if they had previously untreated, histologically confirmed, unilateral, invasive, cN0, HER2-positive, ER-positive breast cancer and older >70y. Patients were treated every 3 weeks with intravenous trastuzumab (8 mg/kg loading dose followed by 6 mg/kg) and intravenous pertuzumab (840 mg loading dose in the first cycle and then at 420 mg) and intramuscular fulvestrant (500 mg) every 4 weeks for four cycles. The coprimary endpoints were change from baseline in Ki67 expression at surgery and pathological complete response. Results: Between January, 2020, and June, 2023, we enrolled 12 patients. At baseline, geometric mean Ki67 expression was 42·9 and 12·1 at time of surgery (n=8; p=0·013). A clinical objective response immediately before surgery was achieved by 10 of 12 patients. At surgery, eight patients had a pathological complete response in breast and axillary nodes. The most frequent grade 3 adverse events was diarrhea (n=4), and stomatitis. No grade 4 or serious adverse events were recorded in the study and there were no deaths. Conclusions: The combination of fulvestrant, trastuzumab, and pertuzumab had a effect on the expression of Ki67 and pCR at surgery. Triple targeting of ER, HER2, could be an effective chemotherapy-free treatment strategy for older patiens. Further clinical testing and additional molecular characterisation is necessary.
Relation between the ankle-brachial index and the complexity of coronary artery disease in older patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Felipe José de Andrade Falcão,1 Cláudia Maria Rodrigues Alves,1 Adriano Caixeta,1 Leonardo de Freitas Guimarães,1 Juscélio Trajano de Sousa Filho,2 Juliana A Soares,2 Izo Helber,2 Antônio C Carvalho11Department of Interventional Cardiology, 2Department of Cardiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilBackground: In the elderly, the ankle-brachial index (ABI) has greater than 90% sensitivity and specificity for peripheral artery disease identification. A well-known relation exists between peripheral artery disease and the number of diseased coronary vessels. Yet, other anatomical characteristics have important impacts on the type of treatment and prognosis.Purpose: To determine the relation between ABI and the complexity of coronary artery disease, by different anatomical classifications.Methods: This study was a prospective analysis of patients ≥65 years old who were undergoing elective coronary angiography for ischemic coronary disease. The ABI was calculated for each leg, as the ratio between the lowest ankle pressure and the highest brachial pressure. The analysis of coronary anatomy was performed by three interventional cardiologists; it included classification of each lesion with >50% diameter stenosis, according to the American Heart Association criteria, and calculation of the SYNTAX score.Results: The study recruited 204 consecutive patients (median age: 72.5 years). Stable angina was present in 51% of patients. Although only 1% of patients reported peripheral artery disease, 45% exhibited an abnormal ABI. The number of lesions per patient, the number of patients with complex lesions, and the median SYNTAX scores were greater in the group with abnormal ABI. However, among 144 patients with obstructive coronary artery disease, despite abnormal ABI being able to identify a higher rate of patients with B2 or C type lesions (70.9% versus 53.8%; P=0.039), the mean SYNTAX scores (13 versus 9; P=0.14), and the proportion of patients with SYNTAX score >16 (34.2% versus 27.7%; P=0.47), were similar, irrespective of ABI.Conclusion: In patients ≥65 years old the presence of peripheral artery disease could discriminate a group of patients with greater occurrence of B2 and C type lesions, but similar median SYNTAX score.Keywords: ankle-brachial index, coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, elderly health
The Application of PAIKEM Approach to the Subject of Christian Education and Character Education to Improve the Learning Outcomes of the Grade 3 Students in SD GMIM 1 Manado

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The research about the application of PAIKEM approach which applied at SD GMIM 1 Manado was made with the purpose to improve the learning outcomes of the students as they learn about Christian Education subject by using the methods of Classroom Action Research. This method has two cycles which start
Occurrence of mycorrhizae on ericaceous and pyrolaceous plants in northern California

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Four hundred and eighty plants in northern California from 27 taxa in the Ericaceae and 5 in the Pyrolaceae were surveyed for presence of ectomycorrhizae, arbutoid, or ericoid mycorrhizae between September 1977 and April 1978. Of these, 337 in the Ericaceae and 8 in the Pyrolaceae had one or more types of mycorrhizae.At least 88% of the plants of larger shrubs or trees (Arbutus menziesii or Arctostaphylos spp.) were mycorrhizal in various locations in northern California. Of the plants in the remaining twenty-two taxa that were mycorrhizal, 67–100% had ectomycorrhizae or arbutoid mycorrhizae. Twenty-three taxa of ericaceous or pyrolaceous plants in the genera Cassiope, Gaultheria, Kalmia, Ledum, Leucothoe, Phyllodoce, Rhododendron, Vaccinium, Pyrola, and Chimaphila were also mycorrhizal. The type and abundance of mycorrhizae appear to depend on as yet undefined ecological factors.Ectomycorrhizae (including the Cenococcum type) or ericoid mycorrhizae are reported for the first time in Arbutus, most Arctostaphylos spp., Gaultheria shallon, Kalmia polifolia, Ledum glandulosum var. columbianum, Leucothoe davisiae, Rhododendron macrophyllum, Vaccinium arbuscula, V. ovatum, V. scoparium, Chimaphila menziesii, and Pyrola picta f. picta.
Clothing Drawstring Entrapment in Playground Slides and School Buses

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives:

To identify factors associated with the entrapment of children by clothing drawstrings and to explore intervention strategies that could be implemented through a voluntary standard to reduce or eliminate injuries.

Design:

Fifty-eight cases reported to the US Consumer Product Safety Commission between January 1,1985, and June 30, 1995, that involved the entrapment of children's clothing drawstrings in other products were reviewed. A computerized database was created for information about the victim, clothing, object in which the drawstring caught, and injury circumstances. Factors were analyzed by their contribution to preevent, event, and postevent phases, using a modified Haddon matrix.

Results:

Two primary and distinct hazard patterns were identified: (1) strangulation by hanging associated with the snagging of a hood or neck drawstring in a gap between segments of playground slides and (2) vehicular dragging associated with the snagging of a waist or bottom drawstring in a school bus handrail or door.

Conclusions:

Potential intervention strategies targeting clothing drawstrings include (1) remove drawstrings; (2) shorten drawstrings, sew them to the channel, and remove toggles and knots; and (3) design breakaway drawstrings. Based on available data, the only feasible intervention is removal of drawstrings. Improved supervision and increased awareness are in themselves infeasible interventions, but they can be interim or supplemental measures. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1997;151:72-77
Feedback for Language Transfer Errors

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this study we compared two methods for correcting language transfer errors in the foreign language classroom. Thirty-two English-speaking college students enrolled in two sections of an introductory French course served as subjects. Eight commonly encountered English-to-French transfer errors were identified and randomly assigned to one of two teaching conditions for one class section; each error was assigned to the opposite condition for the other section. In both teaching conditions students began by translating English sentences into French. The sentences were such that an L1 (first language) transfer strategy produced correct translations (e.g., using savoir for some uses of “to know”). A sentence for which the transfer would not produce an adequate translation (e.g., a sentence requiring connaître) was then introduced in one of two ways. In one condition—what we have termed the Garden Path condition—students were given the new sentence and asked to translate as before. Their inevitable transfer error was then immediately corrected by the teacher. In the control condition students were simply given the correct French form and told that it differed from the English pattern (they were not given the opportunity to commit a transfer error). Student learning of the non-transferable form was assessed three times throughout the course of the semester, and at all time points performance was better in the Garden Path condition. We interpreted this finding as support for a cognitive comparison model of second language acquisition.
The Effect of L-Carnitine and Heparin Supplementation on Plasma Glucose and Lactate Concentration During Exercise

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Effect of L-Carnitine and Heparin Supplementation on Plasma Glucose and Lactate Concentration During Exercise M. Eizadi [1] , A. Eghdami [2] , D. Khorshidi [3] , H. Doali3, F. Kiani3 Received: 17/02/09 Sent for Revision: 14/06/09 Received Revised Manuscript: 01/11/09 Accepted: 07/11/09 Background and Objectives: It has been reported that the increase of Free Fatty Acid (FFA) availability increases fat oxidation and decreases carbohydrate use in the skeletal muscles . This study was performed to determine the effect of L-carnitine supplementation plus heparin infusion on carbohydrate metabolism during aerobic exercise. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trail study, 30 healthy untrained male students from Islamic Azad University of Saveh, in two groups of experimental and control, cycled according to Astrand protocol on two separate occasions in a week in two steps: 1) Exercise protocol without heparin infusion or L-carnitine ingestion for the experimental group and without lactose (placebo) for the control group. Step 2) Exercise protocol after heparin infusion and L-carnitine ingestion among the experimental group and infusion and ingestion of lactose (placebo) among the control group. Blood samples were drawn immediately following the two step exercises for the purpose of plasma glucose and L-carnitine concentration calculations. The data was analysed using T-test. Results: The findings showed that heparin infusion and L-carnitine ingestion had no influence on plasma glucose concentrations (91±6 versus 91±7 mg/dL) in the experimental group. In addition, Lactate concentration did not change significantly in the experimental group (5.1±0.61 versus 4.47±0.59 mg/dL). Also the lactose use did not change the dependant variables in the control group. Conclusion: Results indicated that increased FFA availability does not affect carbohydrate metabolism or endurance performance. Further studies are necessary to determine the effect of these supplementations on fat-carbohydrate metabolism or endurance exercise. Key words: L-carnitine, Heparin, Glucose Metabolism, Exercise, Free Fatty Acid Funding: This research was funded by Islamic Azad University, Saveh Branch. Conflict of interest: None declared. Ethical approval: The Ethical Committee of Islamic Azad University, Saveh Branch approved the study. [1] - Academic Member, Dept. of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Saveh Branch , Iran (Corresponding Author) Tel: (0255) 2221954, Fax: (0255)2221954, E-mail: izadimojtaba 2006@yahoo.com [2] - Academic Member, Dept. of Biochemistry, Islamic Azad University, Saveh Branch , Iran [3] - Academic Member, Dept. of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Saveh Branch , Iran
ASIP gene polymorphism associated with black coat and skin color in Murrah buffalo

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The melanogenesis pathway regulates pigmentation through the synergic action of various genes. We are interested in analyzing the genetic variations in the ASIP which determine eumelanin production in the dermis layer. In the present study, the ASIP gene was characterized in buffalo and 268 genetically unrelated buffaloes belonging to 10 different populations were genotyped for the non‐synonymous SNP (c.292C>T) identified in the exon 3 region of the gene using Tetra‐ARMS‐PCR. The TT genotype occurred at a higher rate in Murrah, followed by Nili Ravi, Tripura, and Paralakhemundi (42.63%, 19.30%, 3.45%, and 3.33%). These results convey the association of the black coat color of Murrah with the ASIP gene TT genotype and the lighter shades of black coat (brown and grayish‐black) color phenotype in other breeds with the CC genotype.
The Addition of a Raloxifene Analog (LY117018) Allows for Reduced PTH(1–34) Dosing During Reversal of Osteopenia in Ovariectomized Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract To test the hypothesis that an antiresorptive agent might reduce the dosing requirement for an anabolic drug during reversal of osteopenia due to estrogen deficiency, the following experiment was conducted in 6-month-old female rats. Ovariectomy or sham surgery was performed and the following six experimental groups were studied. Untreated (SHAM) or ovariectomized (OVX) animals served as control groups. Four weeks post-OVX, osteopenic rats (now 7 months old), were treated in one of four experimental protocols: human parathyroid hormone (hPTH(1–34), 80 μg/kg/day, given by subcutaneous injection 5 days/week; a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), raloxifene analog LY117018 (RA), 3 mg/kg/day, given by gavage 5 days/week; and two combinations of LY117018 at the same dose and frequency with hPTH(1–34) (same dose, 5 times/week) and a reduced dosing interval of hPTH(1–34) (same dose, 2 times/week). After 12 weeks of treatment, the four experimental groups were sacrificed at age 10 months. SHAM and OVX controls were also studied at 7 and 10 months of age. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at four skeletal sites: two mixed cortical/trabecular sites (femur and tibia) and two predominantly trabecular sites (lumbar spine and pelvis). The differences in BMD were consistent at all four sites. RA alone maintained BMD at all skeletal sites, but the results were not significantly improved over OVX controls, at age 10 months. hPTH(1–34) injections given 5 days/week resulted in BMD increments significantly higher than in either OVX or SHAM controls (p &lt; 0.001). While the RA did not enhance the anabolic effects of full doses of hPTH(1–34), the addition of RA treatment to twice-weekly hPTH(1–34) dosing resulted in BMD increments at all four skeletal sites that were similar to the more intensive anabolic regimen of hPTH(1–34) therapy given 5 times/week. Therefore, an antiresorptive agent such as SERMs may potentially reduce the pharmacologic doses of PTH needed to reverse estrogen deficiency-induced osteopenia.