jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Clinical Efficacy of Ayurvedic formulations, Kanakasava and Trivrit Churna, in the Management of Bronchial Asthma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Bronchial asthma is a respiratory disorder characterized by chronic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness leading to symptoms such as wheezing, cough, and dyspnea. While exploring Ayurveda classics, the disease Tamaka Shwasa mentioned in Ayurveda is comparable to the symptomatology of bronchial asthma. Objectives: To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of Kanakasava and Trivrit Churna in the management of bronchial asthma. Materials and methods: A prospective, open-label multicentric, single-arm study was carried out in three peripheral institutes of Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS). A total 210 participants diagnosed with bronchial asthma ( Tamaka Shwasa ) and fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Each participant was administered with Kanakasava 20 mL twice daily with equal amount of water after meals and Trivrit Churna 3 g once at bed time with lukewarm water for 12 weeks. Follow-up for additional 2 weeks without any medication after the completion of the trial was done. Parameters such as changes in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1%), Asthma Control Questionnaire Score, and St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ-C) were assessed. The statistical analysis (paired t-test) was done to find out the efficacy of the trial drugs before and after intervention. Results: Statistically significant changes were found in PEFR and FEV1 values: PEFR value had improved from 357.637 (107.56) to 394.708 (108.36), and FEV1 value improved from 84.25 (5.45) to 89.48 (10.74) at the end of follow-up. Similarly significant changes were found in Asthma Control Questionnaire ( p value < 0.001) and all the four domains of St. George Respiratory Questionnaire when compared to the baseline data. Conclusion: Kanakasava and Trivrit Churna were found to be effective in providing symptomatic relief to the patients with bronchial asthma.
Caveolin-1 expression as a prognostic marker in triple negative breast cancers of Asian women

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are defined by their lack of oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Although heterogeneous, the majority are aggressive and treatment options are limited. Caveolin acts as tumour suppressor or promoter depending on the cancer type. Aim In this study, we aimed to determine if the expression levels of the candidate biomarker caveolin-1 on stromal or tumour cells were associated with clinicopathological parameters and disease outcomes in TNBCs from an ethnically diverse cohort of Asian women. Methods Tumour specimens from 699 women with TNBC were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis of the frequency and intensity of caveolin-1 expression in tumour and stromal cells. A subset of 141 tumour samples also underwent Nanostring measurement of CAV1 mRNA. Results were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and disease outcomes. Results Expression of caveolin-1 in stromal cells was observed in 14.4% of TNBC cases. TNBCs of the basal-like phenotype (85% of samples) were significantly more likely to exhibit stromal cell caveolin-1 expression (p=0.028), as were those with a trabecular growth pattern (p=0.007). Lack of stromal caveolin-1 expression in both TNBCs and those with the basal-like phenotype was significantly associated with worse overall survival (p=0.009 and p=0.026, respectively): accordingly, increasing mRNA levels of CAV1 in TNBC samples predicted better overall survival. Caveolin-1 expression on TNBC tumour cells was not associated with clinical outcome. Conclusion Stromal, but not tumoural, caveolin-1 expression is significantly associated with survival in Asian women with TNBC.
Propranolol and pyrogen effects of shivering and nonshivering thermogenesis in rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Injection of bacterial endotoxin (Piromen) into unanesthetized rats elicited increases in shivering and nonshivering thermogenesis as well as in colonic temperature. In animals exposed to 24-25 degrees C, treatment with propranolol (a beta-adrenergic antagonist) markedly diminished the pyrogen-induced increases in oxygen consumption (heat production) and colonic temperature with little change occurring in shivering activity. In contrast, in rats exposed to mild cold (17-18 degrees C), propranolol did not significantly alter the magnitude of the pyrogen-evoked thermogenesis. Rather in these animals, shivering tended to increase when nonshivering thermogenesis was blocked. These data are interpreted as reflecting differential effects of pyrogen on the pathways controlling the two modes of heat production in the rat.
Using video games to increase motivation of Saudi students learning English

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The use of games in various stages of education has become an accepted method among instructional designers who are interested in adding technology to their designs. This research would benefit game designers and instructional designers who want to see what motivates students to learn English. The research used Keller’s ARCS Model, which addresses attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction, to investigate what game designs or characteristics will motivate students to learn more English language. The method of this study was a quasi-experimental design supplemented with quantitative and qualitative methods. The results indicated that both games used motivated students to learn because there was not difference between the groups when students took the post- test. The survey indicated that relevance and confidence showed acceptable reliability, while attention and satisfaction did not show acceptable reliability. The open-ended questions showed there was no preference for the different designs or characteristics of the games used. The results show that there was no significant difference between which game was used by a group, however both games motivated students to learn the English language.
Record of bees and wasps (Insecta: Hymenoptera) during the dry season in a floodplain in the South Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We reported the hymenopteran fauna (except Formicidae) in a floodable area in the South Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The study was conducted in a riparian forest of the Miranda river, located in the Passo do Lontra region, Corumbá. The collection occurred in the dry season of August 2016 using different capture methods. A total of 137 individuals distributed in 18 families, 43 genera, and 64 morphospecies (10 nominal) were collected. The families with the greatest richness were Diapriidae and Ichneumonidae with 11 morphospecies each (17% of the total), followed by Platygastridae and Braconidae with 10 and nine, respectively. Two species were newly recorded for Brazil: Gryonoides pulchellus Dodd, 1920 (Platygastridae) and Losada penai Fritz, 1873 (Crabronidae), plus 22 new records for Mato Grosso do Sul. This study increases about 5.2% of the wasp fauna recorded in Mato Grosso do Sul, as well as for the Pantanal.
Disease progress rate and resistance of barley cultivars to brown leaf spot

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The disease progress rate and the level of resistance to brown spot was evaluated in barley cultivars.The field experiment was carried out at Embrapa Trigo Experimental Station in Coxilha, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Cultivars BR 2, MN 698, Embrapa 128, Embrapa 129, and CI 9539 showed statistical differences from one another regarding reaction to and severity of seed infection by brown spot, based on the scales of Fetch &amp; Steffeson (1999) and Anderson &amp; Banttari (1976), respectively. Cultivars BR 2, Embrapa 128, Embrapa 129, andMN 698 showed the greatest increase in the rate of the disease progress, which varied from 2.92 to 3.62 compared to access CI 9539, even though there was no statistical difference (P &gt; 0.05) among those cultivars. Access CI 9539 showed the lowest rate of disease progress (1.17).
Suprapubic Bladder Neck Suspension for the Management of Urinary Incontinence in the Myelodysplastic Girl

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Four young girls with myelodysplasia who remained incontinent despite intermittent catheterization and pharmacological manipulation underwent suprapubic bladder neck suspension along with bladder augmentation. Of the patients 3 underwent augmentation for decreased detrusor compliance and 1 as a part of a planned urinary undiversion. There was a mean increase in continence length of 1 cm. and a mean increase of 49 cm. water in urethral closure pressure in all patients. All patients currently are dry on intermittent self-catheterization and oxybutinin chloride with a minimum followup of 18 months with no evidence of upper tract deterioration. Therefore, suprapubic bladder neck suspension can be used successfully in the female patient with decreased outlet resistance. The procedure is easy to perform and would be easily reversible should incontinence recur and a further operation be required.
Tumoral Micro-environment and Breast Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The cell tumors of the breast cancer involved in a rich stroma that the nature may offer from this micro-environment a veritably circumstance for metastasis. In this study we try to find the link between the nature of the stroma and the molecular subtype. Vascular markers are excluded.
We reviewed 186 cases of breast cancer diagnosed on January 2010 to April 2011 at the Department of Pathology, Hassan II teaching hospital, Fez, Morocco. Fibrosis, fibro-inflammatory and inflammatory stroma was determined. The molecular subtype was studied. The epidemiological statistics were carried out using Epi-Info (version 3.5.4).
The most frequent stromal nature in the breast cancer was fibrosis (48.4%), followed by fibro-inflammatory (43%) and inflammatory rich in lymphocytes stroma (5.4%). The distribution of tumor stromal by histological grade showed that it was essentially fibrosis in grade I (53%) and grade II (50%), but it was fibro-inflammatory in grade III (45%). The fibrosis stroma was predominant in all of the molecular subtype « luminal A (47%) », « luminal B (50%)», « HER2 (53%) » and « basal like (54%) ». In this study, the correlation between the molecular subtype and the nature of the stroma was not significant (p=0.007). The necrosis was identified in 22% of all of the cases, within 41.7% were basal-like subtype, the correlation study between necrosis and molecular subtype was significant (p=0.002). The association between stromal nature and KI 67 was not significant (p=0.18).
In This study, we’re showing that fibrosis stroma was the most common type in breast cancer with all of molecular subtype. So the existence of inflammatory elements and the necrosis may be correlated at a high grade of malignancy
The Role of Fructose, and Specifically Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, in Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among US children and adolescents is rising, with diet identified as a risk factor. The clinical burden of pediatric NAFLD makes it a serious health concern. The aim of this review was to explore the association between fructose consumption, specifically sugar-sweetened beverage intake, and NAFLD and the effect of fructose on associated risk factors. The relationship that fructose may have with NAFLD and its related risk factors may highlight whether certain dietary constituents should be altered among those with NAFLD.
Causal completion of globally hyperbolic conformally flat spacetimes

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In their paper Geroch, Kronheimer, and Penrose, “Ideal points in space-time,” [Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 327, 545–567 (1972)] introduced a way to attach ideal points to a spacetime M, defining the causal completion of M. They established that this is a topological space which is Hausdorff when M is globally hyperbolic. In this paper, we prove that if, in addition, M is simply-connected and conformally flat, its causal completion is a topological manifold with boundary homeomorphic to S × [0, 1] where S is a Cauchy hypersurface of M. We also introduce three remarkable families of globally hyperbolic conformally flat spacetimes and provide a description of their causal completions.
An Interdisciplinary Approach for Rehabilitating a Patient with Amelogenesis Imperfecta: A Case Report

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) has been defined as a group of hereditary enamel defects. It can be characterized by enamel hypoplasia, hypomaturation, or hypocalcification of the teeth. AI may be associated with some other dental and skeletal developmental defects. Restoration for patients with this condition should be oriented toward the functional and esthetic rehabilitation. This clinical report describes the oral rehabilitation of a young patient diagnosed with the hypoplastic type of AI in posterior teeth and hypomatured type of AI in anterior teeth.
Clinical utility of the genetic analysis in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In last 20 years, 33 patients (pts) with MTC were treated and followed-up at the Sestre milosrdnice U. H. (4,2% of all thyroid carcinomas). Female (18/33) to male (15/33) ratio was 1,2:1. In all pts total thyroidectomy was performed; while 10/33 (30,3%) have had also neck dissection. All diagnoses were obtained patho-histologically. The mean age at diagnosis in females was 51,5 yrs (26 to 83 yrs) and in males 46 yrs (13 to 63 yrs). The mean follow-up was 4,5 years.
The follow-up protocol routinely included: physical examination, chest x-ray, USG of the neck and abdomen, measurements of T4, T3, TSH and calcitonin levels. After surgery, 42,9% pts had elevated calcitonin (>10 ng/mL), while 57,1% pts were within the normal range. If clinically indicated, CT, bone scintigraphy and other nuclear medicine procedures (i.e. imaging with 99mTc-DMSA, 131I-MIBG, and 99mTc-MIBI) were performed.
Recently, a direct molecular analysis of ret protooncogene in exons 10, 11, 13 and 16, using the PCR, was initiated as part of diagnostic evaluation of MTC pts. Till now, 13 (39%) pts were analysed. In 9 (69%), no sign of inherited, germline mutation was found. In one pt (whose father had died of MTC), MEN-2B syndrome was confirmed although he had no signs of other symptoms connected to this syndrome. In one pt, genetic analysis raised the suspicion of MEN-2A or FMTC, leading to clinical diagnosis of pheochromocytoma; pointing to MEN-2A. One pt had mutation in the tumor but not in blood DNA, indicating a mosaic mutation affecting thyroid tissue but not blood cells.
In conclusion; clinically 30 pts (91%) were classified as sporadic MTC, 2 pts (a father and a son) as MEN-2B; which was confirmed in son by genetic analysis as well. PCR analysis alone pointed to MEN-2A or FMTC in another pt, where additional diagnostic evaluation confirmed MEN-2A. Our first results encourage further clinical use of genetic analysis of MTC pts, not only for prevention of disease in family members but also as valuable tool in clinical management of their cancer.
The temporal dimension of context

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Time matters for entrepreneurship. Whose time should matter and how it should be conceptualized, however, are heavily contested questions in the humanities and social sciences. In this chapter, we examine the ways in which time matters for entrepreneurship and the temporal contexts in which entrepreneurs operate. We review how temporal processes are considered in other disciplines that focus on creative activities. We analyse the ways in which these frameworks can inform the study of entrepreneurship, and propose reconsideration – both theoretically and methodologically – of the temporal context of entrepreneurship research.
Abstract A014: Gastric cancer PDX models for predictive preclinical studies: Establishment, drug sensitivity, and genomic characterization

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Gastric cancer is a common malignant disease representing the fifth common cancer worldwide. Its prognosis is determined by the stage and localization (distal vs. proximal), making gastric cancer the third most lethal cancer type. In early and localized stages, the therapeutic aim is curative, in metastatic stages however, palliative treatment is the only option. Despite some progress in the last 10 years, mortality for late stage gastric cancer is still high due to late diagnosis of the disease. Therefore, we have established patient-derived xenograft models (PDX) of gastric cancer to determine their potential as a preclinical tool to improve diagnosis and therapies of this cancer. For PDX generation, tumor tissue specimens were collected from the gastric cancers immediately after surgery and transplanted subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice. Each PDX was serially passaged for at least three times. Established PDX models were treated in monotherapy with standard of care drugs, inter alia, from the European FLOT standard (5-FU, leucovorine, oxaliplatin and docetaxel). PDX tumor tissue was collected for immunohistochemistry as well as for next generation RNA sequencing and a comprehensive transcriptome analysis was performed. We established 7 new PDX models of gastric cancer and stably expanded them for further analyses. The histology of the primary tumor was preserved in the PDX model proven by histopathological evaluation. Treatment with standard of care drugs such as 5-FU, docetaxel, or oxaliplatin showed an individual response towards these drugs. The mutational and gene expression landscape of the PDX models resembles the pattern known from public gastric cancer data sets. In conclusion, the newly established gastric cancer PDX panel represents a tool for preclinical analyses of molecular mechanisms of drug sensitivity and resistance. They further provide a clinically relevant platform to identify new biomarkers and to develop novel therapies. Citation Format: Michael Becker, Bernadette Brzezicha, Theresia Conrad, Jana Rolff, Michael Linnebacher, Christoph Treese, Beate Rau, Wolfgang Walther, Jens Hoffmann. Gastric cancer PDX models for predictive preclinical studies: Establishment, drug sensitivity, and genomic characterization [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2019 Oct 26-30; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2019;18(12 Suppl):Abstract nr A014. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.TARG-19-A014
Adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancer: age differences in factors influencing patients&#39; treatment decisions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Mikaela L Jorgensen,1,2 Jane M Young,1,2 Michael J Solomon1,31Surgical Outcomes Research Centre (SOuRCe), Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, NSW, Australia; 2Cancer Epidemiology and Services Research (CESR), Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; 3Discipline of Surgery, University of Sydney, NSW, AustraliaPurpose: Older colorectal cancer patients are significantly less likely than younger patients to receive guideline-recommended adjuvant chemotherapy. Previous research has indicated that patient refusal of treatment is a contributing factor. This study aimed to identify potential barriers to adjuvant chemotherapy use in older patients by examining the associations between patient age, factors influencing chemotherapy treatment decisions, and preferences for information and decision-making involvement.Patients and methods: Sixty-eight patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer in Sydney, Australia, within the previous 24 months completed a self-administered survey.Results: Fear of dying, health status, age, quality of life, and understanding treatment procedures and effects were significantly more important to older patients (aged &ge;65 years) than younger patients in deciding whether to accept chemotherapy (all P < 0.05). Reducing the risk of cancer returning and physician trust were important factors for all patients. Practical barriers such as traveling for treatment and cost were rated lowest. Older patients preferred less information and involvement in treatment decision making than younger patients. However, 60% of the older group wanted detailed information about chemotherapy, and 83% wanted some involvement in decision making. Those preferring less information and involvement still rated many factors as important in their decision making, including understanding treatment procedures and effects.Conclusion: A range of factors appears to influence patients&#39; chemotherapy decision making, including, but not limited to, survival benefits and treatment toxicity. For older patients, balancing the risks and benefits of treatment may be made more complex by the impact of emotional motivators, greater health concerns, and conflicts between their need for understanding and their information and decision-making preferences. Through greater understanding of perceived barriers to treatment and unique motivators for treatment choice, physicians may be better able to support older patients to make informed decisions about their care.Keywords: preferences, views, decision making, adjuvant therapy, older, elderly
Design and measurement of a laminated permanent magnet excited transverse flux machine for electrical vehicles

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Transverse flux machines provide very high torque density at low speed. Therefore, they are suitable for direct drives if challenges like high torque ripple and complex mechanical design of the soft magnetic part are solved. High torque ripple can be reduced by an intelligent feedback control system. As far as mechanical design is concerned, a lot of papers deal with different topologies of transverse flux machines' magnetic circuits, but many of these topologies are difficult to manufacture. Papers dealing with topologies which are easy to manufacture are rare. This paper presents a lamination concept and the construction process of a permanent magnetic excited transverse flux machine. Measurements on the prototype are presented and compared to a finite element analysis simulation and an analytical calculation method. The manufacturing with this kind of lamination concept is applicable to a wide range of rating classes in different applications.
Hemorrhagic shock after contrast‐enhanced ultrasound‐guided liver biopsy: A case report of primary hepatic angiosarcoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Primary hepatic angiosarcoma (PHA) is a rare, highly aggressive malignancy. There is no specificity in clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations and imaging examinations. The definitive diagnosis of PHA depends on pathological analysis. The gold standard method to obtain specimens is percutaneous transhepatic biopsy under the guidance of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). However, CEUS‐guided biopsy for PHA is controversial. If a biopsy is necessary, a comprehensive preoperative evaluation is essential. In addition, CEUS has an auxiliary value in diagnosing PHA. In this case, we present an elderly woman who underwent CEUS‐guided liver mass biopsy. The patient developed hemorrhagic shock after biopsy.