jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of Ca~(2+) on proliferation and rooting of pelargonium citrosum Vanleenii

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Based on the established optimal tissure culture system for pelargonium citrosum Vanleenii,the different concentrations of Ca~(2+) were supplemented into the media to test their effects on prolifertion and rooting of pelargonium citrosum Vanleenii.It was found that Pelargonium citrosum Vanleenii proliferation period can be prolonged in proper concentration of Ca~(2+).It was also found that Ca~(2+) erected more influences on proliferation than on rooting of Pelargonium citrosum Vanleenii.Moreover,the Ca~(2+) levels in the test-tube plantlets were measured,the results showed that Ca~(2+) levels in plantlets presented positive corelation with those in the media.
Gas-Phase Pyrolysis of Diethyl Methylphosphonate

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Flow reactor pyrolysis studies of diethyl methylphosphonate (DEMP) in nitrogen have been conducted over the temperature range 802 to 907 K, to gain insight into decomposition mechanisms relevant to incineration of organophosphorus chemical warfare agents. Experiments were conducted in a quartz-lined turbulent flow reactor with residence times between J5 and 125 ms. Two techniques are used to identify products: Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for volatile compounds, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) preceded by derivatization for products trapped in a liquid-nitrogen bath. Ethylene, ethanol, ethyl methylphosphonate, and methylphosphonic acid were identified as products; ethylene, ethanol and DEMP were quantified using FTIR. The mean ratio of ethylene to ethanol is 1.66. Rates of DEM P decomposition and product formation are independent of loading and reactor diameter. The temperature dependence of the overall DEMP decomposition rate constant was found to be: k[s-'] = 2.9 X 10'6 exp( - 59.2 [kcal. mole-']/(R T)).Bond scission and ring transition state mechanisms can explain the formation of ethylene and ethanol from DEMP and ethyl methylphospho nate.
Asymmetric reductions. XIV. Reductions of phenyl trimethylsilyl ketone and phenyl triphenylsilyl ketone and configurational studies on the corresponding carbinols

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric reductions. XIV. Reductions of phenyl trimethylsilyl ketone and phenyl triphenylsilyl ketone and configurational studies on the corresponding carbinolsHarry S. Mosher and Michael S. BiernbaumCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1971, 36, 21, 3168–3177Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00820a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00820a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views110Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
SH1661144.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Assessment of the outcome of fracture proximal humerus transdeltoid versus deltopectoral approach with PHILOS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Fracture proximal humerus accounts for 4 percent of all fractures. Out of all the humerus fractures, proximal fractures accounts for 26%. According to the Neer’s classification, 2, 3- and 4-part fracture are difficult to achieve stable fixation. In this study, we want to assess whether the different surgical approach, deltopectoral and transdeltoid approach, used for the stabilization of the fracture proximal humerus effects on the outcome of the surgery.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 30 patients with fracture proximal humerus 2, 3 and 4-part were included in this study and were divided into 2 groups. In group 1, 15 patients were taken and were operated by deltopectoral approach, while in group 2, 15 patients were taken and operated by transdeltoid approach. All the fixation was done by PHILOS.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>In group 1, out of 3 patients having 2-part fracture, 2 had excellent result and 1 had fair result. Out of 4 patients having 3-part fracture, 3 had good outcome and 1 had fair result. Out of 6 patients having 4-part fracture, 1 had good outcome. In group 2, out of the 3 patients having 2-part fracture, 1 had excellent outcome and 2 had good outcome. Out of the 4 patients having 3-part fracture, 1 had excellent outcome, 3 had good outcome. Out of the 6 patients having 4-part fracture, 3 had good result.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Deltopectoral approach is recommended for calcar reconstruction that provides better visibility of medial calcar reduction while transdeltoid approach is recommended for greater tuberosity reduction that provides better visibility of greater tuberosity.</p>
Ketogenic Diet Therapy; Improving Outcome, Management and New Indications

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ketogenic diet therapy (KDT) for epilepsy is a high-fat (71-90 energy% (en%)), low-carbohydrate (5-19 energy%) diet with adequate amounts of protein that mimics the metabolic state of fasting without caloric restriction. Although KDT nowadays is seen as a well-established and effective treatment option in pharmacoresistant epilepsy in children, evaluation of clinical practice shows that its management and outcomes might be further improved. For some vulnerable groups of patients, the feasibility and safety of KDT application needs to be explored. There are new insights from studies with animals that carbohydrate restriction might influence growth of malignant tumors, especially tumor types (e.g. malignant brain tumors) that highly depend on glucose as energy source.
The research presented in this thesis shows it is still not possible to predict successful outcome, that there is medication interfering efficacy of KDT, safe outpatient initiation of KDT is possible, consensus treatment guidelines for the vulnerable age group infants and one for parenteral application during complex medical situations. This thesis reports the application of KDT in new indications, during pregnancy of women with epilepsy and KDT as adjuvant to standard treatment of malignant brain tumors in both children and adults.
The outcomes of the studies presented in this thesis confirm the potential and importance of KDT from a medical, social and economic perspective and have the potency to stimulate management decisions on making this non-pharmacological treatment option more widely available. The use of KDT as metabolic therapy in oncology is a new exciting area that needs further exploration.
Etiological aspects of anterior open bite

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Introduction. Open bite is a multifactorial phenomenon and no single factor can account for open-bite. Etiology plays an important role in diagnosis. Heredity, unfavorable growth patterns, incorrect jaw postoure, are the characteristics of skeletal open bite. Digit sucking. Depending on where the thumb is placed, a number of different types of dental problems can develop. Malocclusions of the late mixed or permanent dentitions, caused by thumb sucking are not self corrected and orthodontic treatment is necessary for their correction. Lymphatic tissue. In order to produce oral respiration, the mandible is postured inferiorly with the tongue protruded and resting against the oral floor. This postural alteration induces dental and skeletal modifications similar to those caused by thumb sucking. This may cause excessive eruption of the posterior teeth, leading to an increase in the vertical dimension of the face and result in development of anterior open bite. Tongue thrust. Tongue habits cause an anterior open bite or they develop secondarily to thumb sucking. In skeletal open bite the tongue habit acts as a secondary factor which helps to maintain or exacerbate the condition. Many orthodontists have had a discouraging experience of completing dental treatment, with what appeared to be good results, only to discover that the case had relapsed because the patient had a tongue thrust swallowing pattern. Conclusion. Dentoalveolar or habitual open bite is caused by habits, which influence the growth and development of dentoalveolar processes and contribute to occlusal disharmonies. Prior to eruption of adult dentition, open bite related to oral habits is usually not a concern as when the habits stop, because the erupting dentition tends to improve spontaneously. Treatment is usually not necessary until permanent teeth erupt (~6 years old). .
Global-Scale Similarities in Nitrogen Release Patterns During Long-Term Decomposition

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Litter decomposition provides the primary source of mineral nitrogen (N) for biological activity in most terrestrial ecosystems. A 10-year decomposition experiment in 21 sites from seven biomes found that net N release from leaf litter is dominantly driven by the initial tissue N concentration and mass remaining regardless of climate, edaphic conditions, or biota. Arid grasslands exposed to high ultraviolet radiation were an exception, where net N release was insensitive to initial N. Roots released N linearly with decomposition and exhibited little net N immobilization. We suggest that fundamental constraints on decomposer physiologies lead to predictable global-scale patterns in net N release during decomposition.
Recent Developments in Metropolitan Law Enforcement. Part II

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

SOLUTIONOne hundred and twelve of the nation's metropolitan areas involve the territory of but a single county," and this fact is suggestive of the role which "urban counties" may play in the solution of metropolitan problems. 3 The urban counties have shown a persistent vitality, and in some states an adaptability to changing socio-political facts of life.There is no longer a clear delineation between "urban" and "rural" governmental functions.-Victor Jones feels that the indination of many urban counties to assume new responsibilities makes it unrealistic to view the county as simply an administrative unit of the state. 32 If the county is to become a central agency through which to integrate or co-ordinate local government in metropolitan areas, as Professor Jones suggests," there are involved in this proposal considerations which are beyond the scope of this paper.In the field of law enforcement, however, at least in California, and some counties of Maryland, Missouri, New York, and Virginia, there have developed strong, competent, and progressive county police agencies.Skillfully organized and administered, some of these county agencies provide a specialized and well-rounded police program.Furthermore, and perhaps more important, the leaders of some of these county agencies have consistently demonstrated their willingness and ability to exert an integrative influence upon the multifarious policing bodies of their counties.Since the single-county metropolitan area is a
Reversible cyclopropyl ring opening of 1-aroyl-2-phenylcyclopropane radical anions. Determination of the ring opening and closure rates of the intermediate ketyls

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReversible cyclopropyl ring opening of 1-aroyl-2-phenylcyclopropane radical anions. Determination of the ring opening and closure rates of the intermediate ketylsDennis D. Tanner, Jian Jeffrey Chen, Christine Luelo, and Pollyanna M. PetersCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 2, 713–717Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00028a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00028a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views336Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A 18.5 nW 12-bit 1-kS/s Reset-Energy Saving SAR ADC for Bio-Signal Acquisition in 0.18-μm CMOS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents three low-power design techniques for successive approximation registers (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for bio-potential signal acquisition: skip-reset, delta ( $\Delta$ ) readout with MSB-rounding, and tri-level split monotonic switching. The skip-reset scheme reduces not only reference energy but also digital switching energy for the ADC reset. The $\Delta$ -readout process with the proposed MSB-rounding technique shifts the location of the resolvable range using the previous digital code to increase the hit-rate. Finally, the tri-level split monotonic switching scheme minimizes the CDAC switching activity in predictive residue generation for the $\Delta$ -readout process. A prototype ADC was fabricated in a 0.18- $\mu \text{m}$ CMOS technology and occupies an active area of 0.17 mm 2 . At a 1.5-V supply voltage and a 1-kS/s sampling-rate with the electrocardiogram signal input, the ADC power consumption could be reduced to 18.5 nW, corresponding to 71% power saving, and owing to the proposed techniques from a conventional SAR ADC consuming 63.5 nW.
Redefining economic efficiency using a case study of sugarcane harvest-transport systems. A job for pluralist thinking

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Despite the Queensland sugar industry’s status as a low-cost producer of sugar, there appears to be considerable scope to reduce costs by improving the efficiency of the cane harvesting and transport process, especially in the Mackay district. The key areas of inefficiency result from poor utilisation of both harvesting and mill transport equipment. Insights from the research approach used to address the key issues of this problem - the potential savings from raising the efficiency of sugarcane harvesttransport systems, and the failure of the Mackay district to adopt measures to improve the efficiency of its harvest-transport systems – are discussed in this paper.
Serum Concentrations of Trace Elements in Patients with Tuberculosis and Its Association with Treatment Outcome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Deficiencies in essential trace elements are associated with impaired immunity in tuberculosis infection. However, the trace element concentrations in the serum of Korean patients with tuberculosis have not yet been investigated. This study aimed to compare the serum trace element concentrations of Korean adult patients with tuberculosis with noninfected controls and to assess the impact of serum trace element concentration on clinical outcome after antituberculosis treatment. The serum concentrations of four trace elements in 141 consecutively recruited patients with tuberculosis and 79 controls were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Demographic characteristics were also analyzed. Serum cobalt and copper concentrations were significantly higher in patients with tuberculosis compared with controls, while zinc and selenium concentrations were significantly lower (p < 0.01). Moreover, serum selenium and zinc concentrations were positively correlated (ρ = 0.41, p < 0.05). A high serum copper concentration was associated with a worse clinical outcome, as assessed after one month of antituberculosis therapy. Specifically, culture-positive patients had higher serum copper concentrations than culture-negative patients (p < 0.05). Patients with tuberculosis had altered serum trace element concentrations. Further research is needed to elucidate the roles of individual trace elements and to determine their clinical impact on patients with tuberculosis.
High Consequence Safety Research and Policy: The US Airline Application

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The implementation of safety programs in Flight Operations has been successful since the Federal Aviation Administration formally introduced Safety Management Systems (SMS) procedures in 2000. The addition of safety programs like SMS into aviation organizations has been confirmed to improve safety culture, communication, and overall hazard mitigation. This research explores the changes and improvements that are made in maintenance programs where an SMS is formally implemented. In the United States it is legal for children under the age of twenty-four months to fly in commercial aircraft on the lap of a parent or guardian, while being unsecured or unrestrained. Throughout the history of aviation safety there have been no improvements, regulations, or laws put in place to ensure the safety of our Nation’s youngest fliers. The Policy Research Construct (PRC) will be used as a proposal for the development of advocacy for regulatory change. Through Policy Research, recommendations can be made to improve safety and create formal regulatory changes to make SMS mandatory in all aviation maintenance programs operating within the United States.\nThe student authors are affiliated with the Department of Safety in the College of Aviation at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University in Prescott, AZ. Tori Kobayashi is a graduate student in the MS Safety Science program. Calissa Spooner is an undergraduate student in the Industrial Psychology and Safety program.
HBM package integration: Technology trends, challenges and applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Tb/s low latency bandwidth and lower system power is driving the need for HBM adoption. Silicon Interposer (2.5D) is the incumbent technology of choice. Potentially lower cost, fine pitch interconnect wafer-level and substrate based technologies are emerging. To drive broader adoption of HBM applications (cooling limited) and higher performance stacks (8-Hi), higher HBM junction temperature (>95C) needs to be supported.
State of Practice in Electrical Contracting and Infrastructure Opportunities in the United States

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The United States (US) committed over $1.2 trillion to help strengthen the nation's infrastructure systems and networks. Nearly $450 billion of these funds are being invested in energy and electrification projects. Electrical contractors (ECs) are poised for exponential growth in areas such as energy, power, and electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure, yet research is limited on strategies to engage in the expanding infrastructure market. The goal of the study is to investigate future opportunities for electrical contractors from the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA). This study reaches several conclusions using factors such as region, project size, and industry/market. Nearly $197.5 billion has been awarded across all 50 states and accounts for 15,691 projects. The analysis of the IIJA-funded projects revealed that broadband, clean energy and power, and EVs are directly relatable to ECs. The funding approved for these projects is approximately 8% of the total funding. There are 10,740 projects smaller than $2 million, which makes up nearly 68% of the total number of projects that were funded in the spending bill. The South is experiencing a surge in large-scale battery projects. Meanwhile, the West Coast is leading the charge in both renewable energy and EV infrastructure projects.
EVALUATION OF ESSENTIAL OILS AS A GLAZING MATERIAL FOR FROZEN RAINBOW TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS) FILLET

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT In this study, sage, thyme and clove oils were evaluated as a glazing material for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) frozen. One percent sage, thyme and clove oil solutions were used for glazing. Water-glazed (WG) and nonglazed (NG) rainbow trout fillets were used as controls. Fish fillets were glazed and were stored in a freezer at −18C for 6 months. Samples were analyzed at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 months for moisture content, total volatile basic nitrogen, thiobarbituric acid, peroxide value, free fatty acids and sensorial quality. It was determined that glazed samples had higher moisture content compared to NG trout fillet after 6 months storage. Essential oils were effective in controlling lipid oxidation in rainbow trout fillet (P < 0.05). PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Freezing is one of the most employed methods used for preserving fresh fish and other seafood products. However, frozen storage does not completely inhibit chemical reactions (e.g., lipid oxidation) that lead to quality deterioration of fish and fish product. The antioxidant property of some essential oils may make it ideal for use as a glazing solution for suppressing lipid oxidation in rainbow trout fillet during frozen storage.