jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of novel azo-embedded N-confused tetraphenylporphyrin

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A unique class of azo porphyrin, 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21-phenylazo-(2-aza-21-carbaporphyrin 1, in which an azophenyl group is embedded in N -confused porphyrin, was synthesized and characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, UV-vis absorption, MS, and X-ray crystallographic analysis. Synthesis of 1 was achieved through a coupling reaction of 21-amino N -confused tetraphenylporphyrin with nitrosobenzene and subsequent deoxygenation of resulting azoxy derivative with a trioxo rhenium(VII) N -fused porphyrinato catalyst. The azo-conjugate molecule was exclusively obtained as a trans-isomer and no isomerization to the cis-isomer was observed under thermal or photoirradiation. The absorption spectrum of 1 shows a moderate red-shift due to the effective interaction between the porphyrinic π-system and the connecting azophenyl group. Upon protonation, this effect is essentially lost as a result of removing degeneracy of LUMO and LUMO+1.
P53 expression in laryngeal carcinoma and maxillary sinus carcinoma and its relationship whit apoptosis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

上顎癌, 喉頭癌におけるp53発現を免疫組織化学的に解析し, 症例の予後との相関を検討した。上顎癌, 喉頭癌, ではそれぞれ65%, 48%の症例にp53の異常蓄積が認められたが, p53発現と予後の間に関連は認めなかった。1次治療が放射線療法 (FAR療法) のみにて行われるT1症例に限り, 今後再検討する必要がある。また, 上顎癌を対象にp53発現と癌組織のアポトーシス感受性について検討したが, これも有意な結果は得られなかった。p53の過剰発現は癌周囲の正常組織, 前癌状態から認められ, 病理学的な変化以前の遺伝子レベルの細胞の変化を, とらえている可能性がある。
REPRESENTATION OF PREFERENCE RELATIONS INDUCED BY LATTICE-VALUED, GENERALIZED POSSIBILISTIC UTILITY FUNCTIONS

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Representational issues of preferences in the framework of a possibilistic ordinal decision model under uncertainty were introduced by Dubois and Prade a few years ago. In this framework, finite, linear, commensurate uncertainty and preference scales are assumed and decisions are ranked according to their expected utility in terms of Sugeno integrals. In this paper we generalise the model by allowing (i) to measure uncertainty and preferences on finite, distributive lattices with involution, and (ii) to formulate the utility expectations in terms of generalized Sugeno integrals where t-norms and t-conorms play a role. For these generalized utility functions we provide axiomatic characterisations. Finally, we also briefly comment the case of working with belief states that may be partially inconsistent, which is usual in case-based decision making problems or when several inconsistent sources of information are available.
An investigation of determinants of green consumption behavior: An extended theory of planned behavior

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Drawing upon the Theory of Planned Behavior, this research endeavors to delve into the multifarious determinants of green consumption behavior. It extends the traditional Theory of Planned Behavior framework by incorporating information intervention and social trust factors, constructing a comprehensive research model of green consumption behavior. Utilizing a robustly designed questionnaire, this study analyzed data from 354 collected samples using a quantitative research method. The findings revealed that: (1) green consumption attitude and perceived behavioral control significantly influenced green consumption intention, with perceived behavioral control exerting the strongest effect (P ​< ​0.001); (2) green consumption intention, location information, and social trust were significant predictors of green consumption behavior, with the intention being the most influential (P ​< ​0.001); (3) however, subjective norms, green advertising, and ecological labels did not significantly impact green consumption behavior (P ​> ​0.05). Based on these results, the study provides policy recommendations and marketing strategies to facilitate the promotion of green consumption practices.
Louise Bourgeois, Ageing, and Maternal Bodies

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article explores late works by contemporary artist Louise Bourgeois that illuminate current concerns about ageing maternal bodies and the ambivalent responses of fear and loathing that they provoke. In 2003, Louise Bourgeois made an installation for the Freud Museum in Vienna entitled The Reticent Child, on the subject of her own earlier pregnancy and birth of her son, one of several works featuring maternity and fertility which Bourgeois has created in old age. In Nature Study 2007, made at the age of 96 years, she depicts carnal couples and pregnant and birthing figures embodied in brilliant pinks and scarlet reds. Bourgeois represents women as the powerful agents of the maternal function, marking a return to motherhood as a central topic of her earlier work. Edward Said posited sources of cultural meaning as ‘the whole notion of beginning, the moment of birth and origin … reproductive generation, maturity’, and ‘the last great problematic … the last and late period of life, the decay of the body’ ( Said, 2006 : 4–6). What does it mean for Bourgeois to return to the theme of birth in her nineties and how does it resonate with contemporary anxieties about the ageing maternal body? If the space of the gallery is a safe arena for a woman artist to present sexuality and maternity in old age, how are older women who break codes of fertility represented elsewhere? In a culture which is hostile to the conjunction of ageing women with motherhood, I shall argue that Bourgeois’ late maternal works can help to undo the taboo on older mothers.
Technical Report: Environment and industry at Layerthorpe B ridge, York (site code YORYM 1996.345)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Summary The results are reported of analyses of plant and animal remains from a series of samples of often highly organic sediment, and of a modest corpus of hand-collected bone, from deposits of R oman to 19th century date from excavations in two areas at Layerthorpe Bridge and in Peasholme Green. Deposits close to the line of the bridge included Anglo-Scandinavian and medieval deposits rich in bark, perhaps from tanning, and some late Anglo-Scandinavian/early medieval sands containing abundant remains of flax stems (which may indicate retting). One early medieval deposit seems to have contained evidence for flax scutching (fibre extraction). Many deposits appeared to contain charred and uncharred peatland materials and biological remains, likely to represent imported turves, and there may even have been some evidence for debris from thatching. Later deposits (dating to the 19 th century) were essentially clean river silts.
Technology to restore design parameters of irrigation pump discharge pipelines

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The article discusses the restoration of irrigation pump station discharge pipelines’ design parameters, based on sand-cement anticorrosion shotcrete coating technology. Repair of created cracks, damages during operation, and restoration of design parameters of discharge pipelines is performed using shotcreting with Kalmatron® (USA) additive. Besides, paper theoretically validates optimal design data of restored discharge pipelines, the thickness of the anticorrosion coating, and their influence on working characteristics of irrigation pump stations. Theoretical and applied tasks are resolved based on the practical implementation of foreign technology, local supplies, and the use of the Company’s standards at water facilities throughout Uzbekistan’s irrigation systems developed and implemented by the authors of this article.
The Problems of Nosology in Alcoholism Treatment and Research

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The authors review the purpose of establishing nosologies for alcoholism and identify two: description of natural history and identification of discrete treatment populations. Reviewing the various nosologic schemes thus far presented for alcoholism, they conclude that nosologic research thus far has yielded a useful clinical discrimination between primary alcoholics and primary polysubstance abusers. They point to further work-in-progress separating groups of alcoholics with and without concurrent major mental illness. They suggest that further nosological advances will rest upon a new understanding of biogenetic makers, futher measures of affinity between alcoholics and ethyl alcohol (measures of craving) and, finally, on understanding patients' conceptions of nosological models.
Data from Control of Breast Cancer Growth and Initiation by the Stem Cell–Associated Transcription Factor TCF3

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Regulatory factors controlling stem cell identity and self-renewal are often active in aggressive cancers and are thought to promote their growth and progression. TCF3 (also known as TCF7L1) is a member of the TCF/LEF transcription factor family that is central in regulating epidermal and embryonic stem cell identity. We found that TCF3 is highly expressed in poorly differentiated human breast cancers, preferentially of the basal-like subtype. This suggested that TCF3 is involved in the regulation of breast cancer cell differentiation state and tumorigenicity. Silencing of TCF3 dramatically decreased the ability of breast cancer cells to initiate tumor formation, and led to decreased tumor growth rates. In culture, TCF3 promotes the sphere formation capacity of breast cancer cells and their self-renewal. We found that in contrast to ES cells, where it represses Wnt-pathway target genes, TCF3 promotes the expression of a subset of Wnt-responsive genes in breast cancer cells while repressing another distinct target subset. In the normal mouse mammary gland, Tcf3 is highly expressed in terminal end buds, structures that lead duct development. Primary mammary cells are dependent on Tcf3 for mammosphere formation, and its overexpression in the developing gland disrupts ductal growth. Our results identify TCF3 as a central regulator of tumor growth and initiation, and a novel link between stem cells and cancer. <i>Cancer Res; 72(21); 5613–24. ©2012 AACR</i>.</p></div>
The role of pupil voice as a trigger for teacher learning in Lesson Study professional groups

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper focuses on the role of pupil voice as a trigger for teacher learning and for improving teaching quality. This is investigated in the context of Lesson Study (LS), a professional development model that can incorporate pupil voice into teachers’ collaborative reflections on lessons. Data are from two LS groups of mathematics teachers in London (one primary and one secondary school). Video-recorded pupil interviews and teacher discussions were transcribed. Episodes of teacher discussions were coded for reference to pupil input and subsequent impact on future plans. Qualitative analysis of discussions examined whether some pupils’ input was favoured over others’. Results are significant in pointing to LS as a mechanism for attending to pupil voice. In so doing, it is suggested that pupil input provided a challenge for teachers in their interpretations of pupil learning, evaluating lessons and planning, and in contributing to teacher learning from LS.
Definitive Radiotherapy Combined with Targeted Therapy in Locoregional Advanced Cancer of Larynx, Hypopharynx and Oropharynx-preliminary Report of Single Institution Experience, Patients Compliance to the Treatment Protocol and Early Toxicity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To report the clinical experience of Radiotherapy Department at University Hospital St. Marina, Varna, with definitive radiotherapy combined with targeted therapy Cetuximab in patients with locally advanced head and neck carcinoma (LAHNC), the observed toxicity and management protocol. Materials and Methods: The study included 36 patients with LAHNC who received definitive radiotherapy combined with Cetuximab in the period 2015-2018., VMAT and IGRT irradiation techniques were applied in all patients, with a prescription of total dose to 70Gy in the primary tumor and the involved lymph nodes, based on PET-CT. Cetuximab was administered according to the known protocol. Both Radiotheray and Medical Oncology Departments of the University Hospital “St. Marina” – Varna elaborated common protocol for premedication. The side effects were evaluated by the treating physician according to the CTCAE vers. 4.0. Results: During the application of the loading dose, an anaphylactic reaction was observed in 6 out of all 36 patients. The reduction of maintenance doses with 75% was done only in two patients without interruption of radiotherapy schedule and the planned infusions. One patient refuses to continue therapy. One patient died of cardiac comorbidity in the second week. All the others 26 patients completed the full course radiotherapy combined with full dose target therapy, with only moderate toxicity up to grade 3. No haematological toxicity was observed. Conclusion: The reported patients compliance was high 75%, with no higher than grade 3 side effects and a good quality of life. To our knowledge currently, this is the first study in Bulgarian clinical practice regarding the application of Cetuximab in combination with radiation therapy and reporting of early toxicity and patients compliance.
The incidence rate of ACL injuries and ankle sprains in basketball players: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To quantify the incidence rate of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and ankle sprains according to player sex, playing level, and exposure setting (training vs. games) in basketball players. Methods PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect were searched. Only studies reporting the number of ACL injuries and/or ankle sprains alongside the number of athlete‐exposures (training sessions and/or games) in basketball players were included. Results Thirty studies (17 reporting ACL injuries and 16 reporting ankle sprains) were included in the meta‐analysis. Higher ( p < 0.05) ACL injury incidence rates per 1000 athlete‐exposures were recorded in females (female: 0.20 95% confidence intervals [0.16–0.25]; male: 0.07 [0.05–0.08]; female‐to‐male ratio: 3.33 [3.10–3.57]), in players competing at higher playing levels (amateur: 0.06 [0.04–0.09]; intermediate: 0.16 [0.13–0.20]; elite: 0.25 [0.14–0.64]), and in games (games: female, 0.27 [0.21–0.32]; male, 0.06 [0.03–0.08]; training: female, 0.03 [0.02–0.05]; male: 0.01 [0.00–0.02]; game‐to‐training ratio: 7.90 [4.88–12.91]). Higher ( p < 0.05) ankle sprain incidence rates per 1000 athlete‐exposures were observed in males (female: 0.82 [0.61–1.03]; male: 0.90 [0.61–1.19]; female‐to‐male ratio: 0.91 [0.83–0.99]), in players competing at higher playing levels (amateur: 0.54 [0.51–0.57]; intermediate: 1.12 [1.00–1.24]; elite: 1.87 [1.29–2.46]), and in games (games: 2.51 [1.85–3.16]; training: 0.80 [0.52–0.80]; game‐to‐training ratio: 2.77 [2.35–3.26]). Conclusion According to player sex, ACL injury incidence rate is higher in females, while ankle sprain incidence rate is greater in males. ACL injury and ankle sprain incidence rates are greater in players competing at higher playing levels and during games compared to training.
Conformations and Binding Modes of 2,3,5,6-Tetra(2‘-pyridyl)pyrazine

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The compound 2,3,5,6-tetra(2?-pyridyl)pyrazine (tppz) is a remarkably versatile electron donor that displays a wide variety of binding modes. Quantum mechanical calculations on the 14 low energy conformations of tppz indicate a preference for four conformations in methanol and two others in either the gas phase or benzene. The prevalence of a species in solution and its predicted solubility, based on simple dipole moment considerations, provides an explanation for the isolation of different tppz polymorphs from the two solvents. Using a simple system for describing the tppz geometry, a review of previously reported crystal structures of complexes containing tppz as a ligand was conducted. The literature reveals a variety of tppz binding modes, including mono-, bi-, and tridentate coordination to a variety of Lewis acids. In addition to small molecular complexes, tppz-containing macrocycles and one-, two-, and three-dimensional extended chain systems have been characterized. Upon the basis of the analysis of tppz coordination behavior, several new binding modes are proposed that could be used for the construction of novel tppz complexes and supramolecular systems. The compound 2,3,5,6-tetra(2?-pyridyl)pyrazine (tppz) is a remarkably versatile electron donor that displays a wide variety of binding modes. Quantum mechanical calculations on the 14 low energy conformations of tppz indicate a preference for four conformations in methanol and two others in either the gas phase or benzene. The prevalence of a species in solution and its predicted solubility, based on simple dipole moment considerations, provides an explanation for the isolation of different tppz polymorphs from the two solvents. Using a simple system for describing the tppz geometry, a review of previously reported crystal structures of complexes containing tppz as a ligand was conducted. The literature reveals a variety of tppz binding modes, including mono-, bi-, and tridentate coordination to a variety of Lewis acids. In addition to small molecular complexes, tppz-containing macrocycles and one-, two-, and three-dimensional extended chain systems have been characterized. Upon the basis of the analysis of tppz coordination behavior, several new binding modes are proposed that could be used for the construction of novel tppz complexes and supramolecular systems.
Comparison of Nursing Staff Calculation Based on the Time and Motion Study and Douglas Method

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The increase of the quality of service requires human resource with good quality and quantity. In health service, nursing staff need can be calculated by using many methods, such as Gillies method, ratio method, nursing workshop method, Thailand and Philippine method, Nina method, and Douglas method. Besides those six methods, nursing staff need can be calculated by calculating worktime and workload. This method is called Time and Motion Study. Douglas method is used to calculate nursing staff need at IRNA Bedah A Dr. Soetomo Hospital. The objective of this study was to compare the calculation of nursing staff need using Douglas method and Time and Motion Study. Method: This study used descriptive design with observational approach. Samples, taken by total sampling, were 12 nurses at IRNA Bedah A Dr. Soetomo hospital for Time and Motion Study and all patients at IRNA Bedah A. Data for Douglas method were collected by using classification of patient’s dependence into 3 categories, i.e; self care, partial care, and total care. Data for Time and Motion Study were collected by using observation of nurse’s activities and calculate nurse’s worktime and nurse’s workload. The results showed that according to Douglas method, IRNA Bedah A needed 16 nurses, and according to Time and Motion Study, IRNA Bedah A needed 14 nurses. The mean of patient’s dependence in one week was 13 patients with self care, 3 patients with partial care, and 4 patients with total care. Result: Total productive time of the nurses at IRNA Bedah A was 3.83 hours in the morning, 2.37 hours in the afternoon, and 5.25 hours at night. Nurse’s workload at IRNA Bedah A was 34.62%. It can be concluded that calculation by using method Douglas shows that IRNA Bedah A needs more nurses compared with calculation by using Time and Motion Study. Discussion: Time and Motion Study is more effective than Douglas method to calculate nursing staff need. Most patients at IRNA Bedah A is self care. Most nurse’s activity at IRNA Bedah A is non-productive activity. Most of the nurse’s activities at IRNA Bedah A have done based on the standard of procedure. Nurse’s workload at IRNA Bedah A is underload.
Performance of a Finned Turbine Rim Seal

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In gas turbines, rim seals are fitted at the periphery of the wheel-space between the turbine disk and its adjacent casing; their purpose is to reduce the ingress of hot mainstream gases. A superposed sealant flow, bled from the compressor, is used to purge the wheel-space or at least dilute the ingress to an acceptable level. The ingress is caused by the circumferential variation of pressure in the turbine annulus radially outward of the seal. Engine designers often use double-rim seals where the variation in pressure is attenuated in the outer wheel-space between the two seals. This paper describes experimental results from a research facility that models an axial turbine stage with engine-representative rim seals. The radial variation of CO2 gas concentration, swirl, and pressure, in both the inner and outer wheel-space, are presented over a range of purge flow rates. The data are used to assess the performance of two seals: a datum double-rim seal and a derivative with a series of radial fins. The concept behind the finned seal is that the radial fins increase the swirl in the outer wheel-space; measurements of swirl show the captive fluid between the fins rotate with near solid body rotation. The improved attenuation of the pressure asymmetry, which governs the ingress, results in an improved performance of the inner geometry of the seal. The fins also increased the pressure in the outer wheel-space and reduced the ingress though the outer geometry of the seal.
Opinions on strategies for forest adaptation to future climate conditions in western Canada: surveys of the general public and leaders of forest-dependent communities

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Two province-wide surveys of residents in Alberta and British Columbia were conducted to assess the acceptability of a range of reforestation strategies — many of which revolve around biotechnology — that could be used to aid western Canada’s forests in adapting to future climate change. The opinions of leaders of forest-dependent communities were also sought to evaluate how well they align with those of the public at large. Results show that the views of the general public and community leaders correspond. There is a low acceptance for a “do-nothing” strategy that allows climate change to run its course without any human intervention; high acceptance of replanting with local seeds; a decreasing acceptance of strategies that involve more manipulation such as breeding, using nonlocal seeds, and moving seeds outside of a species’ natural range; and a low acceptance of genetically engineered solutions. However, a high proportion of respondents changed their answers when told that a particular strategy would lead to either favourable or unfavourable outcomes related to socioeconomics of forest-dependent communities, forest aesthetics, and pest, disease, and fire outbreaks. We conclude that a meaningful and participatory dialogue on forest adaptation strategies in the face of climate change can only emerge if residents and other interested stakeholders have an adequate understanding of current forest management practices, proposed reforestation strategies, the role of technological interventions, and the values and services for which western Canada’s forests are to be managed.