jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Precipitation polymerization of vinyl chloride in supercritical CO_2

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The polymerization of vinyl chloride(VC) in supercritical carbon dioxide(Sc-CO2) was conducted,and the polymerization process and particle feature of the resulting PVC resin were investigated.Experiment and analysis results showed that the VC conversion decreased with increase of polymerization pressure,which due to the gel effect was lessened.Single-feed of initiator and efficient stirring aslo resulted in decrease of VC conversion,which due to the free radicals and the active radical chain were imbedded and quenched by the metal wall of the reaction vessel.The mechanism of particle formation in Sc-CO2 differed from that in aqueous suspension.SEM micrographs showed that PVC powders prepared in Sc-CO2 were composed of aggregates of primary particles with no skin.
Optical SOA-based switching

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

All-optical switches are fundamental building blocks for high-speed optical networks and basic blocks towards all-optical networks for future communications that utilize Optical Time Division Multiplexing (OTDM) techniques of signal with single channel data rate of hundreds Gbps. It seems that the most promising technology will be based on Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (SOA). We can arrange these components to some interferometric architectures in which SOAs achieve efficient optical switching rate with low control energy and big optical sampling bandwidth. The interferometric optical switch geometries are presented and characterized in this paper. We discuss their limitation on temporal width of switching window and some of their applications.
The Perils of Productivity: Making ‘Good Farmers’ in Malwa, India

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The idea of a ‘good farmer’ who adheres to scientific methods of crop production and produces high yields was commonly articulated by scientists and some farmers in M alwa, central I ndia, while evaluating soybean farming. However, through detailed ethnographic description of the everyday practices of soybean farmers in M alwa, this paper argues that there is no direct link between scientific methods and high productivity, defined as yield per unit of land, because the outcome is dependent on variables that cannot be controlled by farmers. Rather, the metaphor of a ‘good farmer’ was selectively used by upper‐caste farmers to reinforce their power and authority in the face of declining state support to emphasize their continued importance to agriculture and the state. When upper‐caste farmers were less productive, they placed the blame on the environment, but when lower‐caste farmers produced less, the blame was placed on their (lack of) capability to understand scientific techniques that were expected to increase productivity. This paper suggests that instead of using the productivity discourse to evaluate farming, a different valuation reveals the positive contribution of soybean as a poor farmer's crop due to its agronomic characteristics and market environment.
Assessment of the innovation potential of the country (region) in the context of strategic planning: from theory to practice

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

International scientific conference «World economy and civilizational progress amidst polystructural changes: economic-technological, resource, political-legal, security-social factors» : conference proceedings (April 16–17, 2024. Uzhhorod, Ukraine). Riga, Latvia : «Baltija Publishing», 2024. 284 pages.
EFFECT OF ROENTGEN RAYS ON MICROSPORUM CANIS

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

THE PRESENCE or absence of multichambered, spindle-shaped macroconidia or fuseaux has been considered one the foremost characteristic features aiding in the differentiation of the zoophilic and anthropophilic species of the genus Microsporum. There are, however, observations on record which tend to show that presence or absence of these structures under certain circumstances does not constitute the final basis for judgment. Benedek1found that Microsporum audouini formed fuseaux in the presence of a certain bacillus which he described and classified as Bacillus weidmaniensis. Hazen2saw increase in fuseaux production in M. audouini on the addition of yeast extract to the medium. Loewenthal3described a strain of Microsporum canis which lacked spindles in the primary colony and in some of its descendants, and he raised the question of whether or not there existed a relation between the species closer than had been generally accepted. The belief was expressed that
Real-life mathematics tasks: A Singapore experience

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

ability to apply mathematics to real-life contexts has been a major aim of mathematics instruction in Singapore and many countries. This aim has been recently emphasised in the 2007 and 2013 versions of the Singapore Mathematics Curriculum, and many steps have been taken to familiarise teachers with everyday applications of mathematics including mathematical modelling. One key factor in the implementation of this policy is that teachers should have access to rich mathematics tasks that embed real-life contexts. The Singapore Mathematics Assessment and Pedagogy Project (SMAPP) was implemented to build an assessment system that includes real-life mathematics tasks, and this book has included two types of SMAPP tasks that teachers can use in their lessons--Introd.
FLIGHT ACTIVITY OF LEUCOPTERA SPARTIFOLIELLA (LEPIDOPTERA, LYONETIIDAE)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The flight activity of Leucoptera spartifoliella was studied in a relatively enclosed area of broom. Sarathamnus scoparius (L.) Wimmer in 1964, 1965 and 1966 in England. The adult period has a definite flight phase during which flight, within and away from the population birth place, occurs mainly in the evenings. The numbers flying are governed by the size and the age of the population, and the temperature at the time of peak flight. Rainfall appears to be the most important inhibitor of flight. Emigration early in the flight period is truly migratory, but becomes an extension of the trivial movements later on in the period. An equation for calculating the numbers of the moths flying on any day of the flight period is presented. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG DIE FLUGAKTIVITÄT VON LEUCOPTERA SPARTIFOLIELLA (LEP. LYONET***IIDAE) Bei der Fortbewegung erwachsener Falter von L. spartifollella lassen sich zwei Formen unterscheiden: gewöhnliche und Wanderflüge. Die gewöhnlichen Flüge treten innerhalb und rings um die Ursprungspopulation auf, und zwar während des größten Teils des Tages, aber mit Intensitätsgipfeln zwischen 18 und 20h. Sie sind gewöhnlich ungerichtet und werden häufiger von Männchen als von Weibchen unternommen. Die Ausbreitungsflüge werden hauptsächlich von Weibchen unternommen, sind gerichtet und können von der Windrichtung beeinflußt werden. Obwohl die Weibchen von der Häutung an geschlechtsreif sind, werden die Wanderflüge zu Beginn der Flugperiode von jungen und jungfräulichen Weibchen ausgeführt, während die älteren, befruchteten und legereifen Weibchen Ausbreitungsfiüge erst später in der Flugperiode unternehmen. Größe und Alter der Falterpopulation und die Temperatur während der Flughöhepunkte stellen die wichtigsten Faktoren dar, welche die Wanderflüge von L. spartifoliella beeinflussen.
Vaccine Preventable Illness After Blinatumomab Therapy: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The use of blinatumomab for treatment of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has demonstrated efficacy in adults, which has resulted in wider use within the pediatric population. While the side effects have been fairly well-established in the adult population, they have not been well studied in pediatric patients. We describe a case of a 3-year-old fully vaccinated male with high throughput sequencing minimal residual disease positive B-Cell ALL after induction therapy treated with blinatumomab who subsequently experienced two separate episodes of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia. Our patient’s clinical course raises the question whether blinatumomab increases the risk of vaccine-preventable illnesses in pediatric patients with leukemia.
On the nature of folic‐acid‐sensitive fragile sites in human chromosomes: An hypothesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The methyl groups of thymine and 5‐methylcytosine exposed along the major groove of the DNA double helix are involved in the binding of specific proteins to specific DNA regions. It is hypothesized that folate‐sensitive fragile sites on chromosomes appear as a result of heritable defects of DNA methylation along a region normally binding a folding protein involved in chromosome condensation. Impairment of DNA‐folding‐protein interaction would result. A superimposed folate deficiency, or any condition leading to impaired thymidylate biosynthesis, would promote misincorporation into DNA of uracil in place of thymine, thus producing a further loss of methyl groups at the fragile site and eventually precluding a full DNA‐folding‐protein interaction. A localized collapse of the chromosome structure would follow.
Recent Advances In Geriatric Medicine - A Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The rapid aging of populations worldwide demands major changes across all aspects of health care for older persons. Geriatric medicine which is that branch of of medicine which is concerned with the clinical, preventive and rehabilitative aspects of care of older persons, has much to offer in relieving the suffering and increasing the disability free years they can enjoy. Recent advances in Geriatric Medicine based onwell designed randomized trials and meta-analysis that are clinically significant to thepracticing physician are reviewed in this article.
Q FEVER STUDIES

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Q FEVER STUDIES: ANTIBODY PATTERNS AGAINST COXIELLA BURNETII Get access DAVID B. LACKMAN, DAVID B. LACKMAN 2Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rocky Mountain LaboratoryHamilton, Mont. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar LAURENCE H. FROMMHAGEN, LAURENCE H. FROMMHAGEN 3Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California State Department of Public HealthBerkeley, Calif. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar FLORENCE W. JENSEN, FLORENCE W. JENSEN 3Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California State Department of Public HealthBerkeley, Calif. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar EDWIN H. LENNETTE EDWIN H. LENNETTE 3Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California State Department of Public HealthBerkeley, Calif. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 75, Issue 2, March 1962, Pages 158–167, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120240 Published: 01 March 1962 Article history Received: 01 August 1961 Published: 01 March 1962
Plantar fascia release and calcaneal spur excision for sub-calcaneal heel pain.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim of this study was to evaluate the results of open plantar fascia release and calcaneal spur excision in patients with plantar fasciitis. The author studied retrospectively the results in 16 patients who had been treated with open plantar fascia release and calcaneal spur excision from 2002 to 2008. Two patients were men and fourteen were women. Their mean age was 43.3 years (39 to 52). Based on visual analog scale the results were pain free in 12 feet and some pain in four. There are two patients with superficial skin infection which can be manage with local wound care and oral antibiotic. We conclude that open plantar fascia release and calcaneal spur excision can relieve pain in patients who resist conservative treatment.
Progress in Bulk 4H SiC Crystal Growth for 150 mm Wafer Production

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The thermoelastic stress, mechanical properties and defect content of bulk 4H n-type SiC crystals were investigated following adjustments to the PVT growth cell configuration that led to a 40% increase in growth rate. The resulting 150 mm wafers were compared with wafers produced from a control process in terms of wafer bow and warp, and dislocation density. Wafer shape was found to be comparable among the processes, indicating minimal impact on internal stress. Threading edge and threading screw dislocation densities increased and decreased, respectively, while basal plane dislocation densities were unaffected by the increase in growth rate. Loss of wafer planar stability was observed in certain cases. The elastic modulus was measured to be in the range of approximately 420-450 GPa for selected stable and unstable wafers, and was found to correspond to resistivity.
A randomised crossover trial of tezacaftor-ivacaftor for gut dysfunction in cystic fibrosis with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background People with cystic fibrosis (CF) can experience recurrent chest infections, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency and gastrointestinal symptoms. New cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator drugs improve lung function but gastrointestinal effects are unclear. We aimed to see if a CFTR modulator (tezacaftor-ivacaftor,TEZ/IVA) improves gastrointestinal outcomes in CF. Methods We conducted a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-period crossover trial (2019-2020) at Nottingham University Hospitals. The effects of TEZ/IVA on gut physiology were measured using MRI. Participants were randomly assigned to treatment sequences AB or BA (A:TEZ/IVA, B:placebo, each 28 days), with a 28-day washout period. Participants had serial MRI scans at baseline and after 19-23 days of each treatment. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a protocol amendment allowed for observer-blind comparisons prior to and during TEZ/IVA. In such cases, participants were not blind to the treatment but researchers remained blind. The primary outcome was oro-caecal transit time (OCTT). Secondary outcomes included MRI metrics, symptoms and stool biomarkers. Results We randomised 13 participants. Before the COVID-19 pandemic 8 participants completed the full protocol and 1 dropped out. The remaining 4 participants followed the amended protocol. There were no significant differences between placebo and TEZ/IVA for OCTT (TEZ/IVA >360minutes [225,>360] vs. placebo 330minutes [285,>360], p=0.8) or secondary outcomes. There were no adverse events. Conclusions Our data contribute to a research gap in the extra-pulmonary effects of CFTR modulators. We found no effect after TEZ/IVA on MRI metrics of gut function, GI symptoms or stool calprotectin. Effects might be detectable with larger studies, longer treatment or more effective CFTR modulators. ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT04006873 (02/07/2019)
Android mobile application for a web-based digital asset management system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cognitive skills development has been playing a big role in establishing learning skills. Several applications have been created to help in the development of cognitive skills. Many of the applications have successfully helped children in improving their cognitive skills. Smart Brain Trainer (SBT) application is an education game that trains children on their cognitive skills to improve reaction time and inspection time. With technology advancement, mobile devices have become significantly popular, thus a mobile version of the application is considered as a must to extend the current web-based application effectively and to extend user experience by enjoying the game even outdoor. This project aims to develop a stable and user-friendly Android game application with reference to the SBT web application. In this project, SBT Android application will train children on their cognitive skills, mainly on improving their reaction time and inspection time. There is a total of 4 mini games in SBT Android application with many different game modes for each mini game. All mini games included in SBT Android uses speech activity recognition instead of the usual. With the mini games, user testing was done and the effectiveness of SBT Android application for different age groups were identified. As the result of this project, SBT Android application has been created with similar interfaces, which improve children reaction time and inspection time based on the 4 mini games available.
Clinical significance of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography-positive lymph nodes to outcomes of trimodal therapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The clinical significance of lymph node (LN) status determined by preoperative 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) has not been investigated in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) followed by surgery (trimodal therapy). Methods: We reviewed 132 consecutive patients with ESCC who were preoperatively evaluated using FDG-PET before and after NCRT to analyze associations among LN status according to PET findings, pathological LN metastasis and the prognosis of ESCC after trimodal therapy. Results: PET-positive LN both before and after NCRT comprised significant predictive markers of pathological LN metastasis (sensitivity, specificity and accuracy: 84.5%; 40.5%; 59.8% [p = 0.002] before, and 27.6%, 87.8% and 61.4% [p = 0.02] after NCRT, respectively). The numbers of LN evaluated using PET before and after NCRT and of pathological metastatic LN were significantly associated. Univariate and multivariable analyses selected LN status determined by PET before NCRT as a significant independent predictor of both recurrence-free (LN negative vs. positive: hazard ratio [HR], 1.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02 – 3.23; p = 0.045) and overall survival (HR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.29 – 5.30, p = 0.01). Conclusions: The status of LN determined by preoperative FDG-PET is significantly associated with pathological LN status and the prognosis of ESCC with trimodal therapy. Thus, FDG-PET is a useful diagnostic tool with which to preoperatively predict pathological LN metastasis and survival among patients with ESCC. Legal entity responsible for the study: Hiroshima University. Funding: Has not received any funding. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
The Classification and Application of Antiarrhythmic Drugs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The antiarrhythmic drugs have a wide range,there are difference in the mechanism and adverse reactions of the drugs,and the pathological mechanism of arrhythmia is very complex.The maligmant arrhythmia,which can cause sudden cardiac death,has a high incidence rate.So how to select antiarrhythmic drugs to combat arrhythmia triggered by a variety of reasons is an important question to study for many experts and medical workers.The classification and application of antiarrhythmic drugs,especially the mechanism and efficacy of the commonly used drugs in recent years are reviewed.
A Simple Procedure to Detect a dsRNA Associated with Groundnut Rosette

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract A low‐molecular weight double‐stranded (ds) RNA [900 base pairs (bp)] associated with groundnut rosette disease can be used as a diagnostic tool. A simple procedure has been developed that is rapid, reliable, and requires only standard electrophoresis equipment and ultraviolet light for detection of nucleic acid bands. Using this procedure, the dsRNA was detected only in groundnut plants with green rosette of chlorotic rosette symptoms. It was not found in uninoculated groundnut plants, in symptomless groundnut plants with groundnut rosette assistor virus, or in groundnut plants infected with several other known groundnut viruses. In studies with northern blots of extracts from rosette‐diseased and healthy plants, 5′‐endlabeled dsRNA only hybridized to a 900 bp dsRNA from diseased plants. The 900 bp dsRNA was not infectious and its origin remains obscure.
On the polar decomposition of right linear operators in quaternionic Hilbert spaces

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this article, we prove the existence of the polar decomposition of densely defined closed right linear operators in quaternionic Hilbert spaces: If T is a densely defined closed right linear operator in a quaternionic Hilbert space H, then there exists a partial isometry U0 such that T=U0|T|. In fact U0 is unique if N(U0) = N(T). In particular, if H is separable and U is a partial isometry with T=U|T|, then we prove that U = U0 if and only if either N(T) = {0} or R(T)⊥ = {0}.
Trustworthy garden, field and flower seeds adapted to New England. 1918

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Closing this the sixteenth year in 'which I have relied apon your seeds, I want to express my appreciation of the uniform high character of the same.In all this time no variety has failed to germinate and produce bountifully.To the man seeking early crops this means every- thing.Sweet Pea, Nasturtium and Pan6y seed has also proven of exceptional quality.Among the novelties sent the past spring, 1 want to em- phasize the superior food value of your Bobolink.bean and Kelway's Mammoth Ruta Baga.
Leadership for Dummies: A Capstone Project for Leadership Students

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Capstone courses in leadership provide students opportunities to synthesize prior knowledge about various aspects of leadership. This article describes the Leadership for Dummies project, which could be used as a capstone experience for leadership majors. Based on his experiences as a psychological researcher, Gardner (2008) identified five minds individuals should develop: the disciplined mind (being an expert in one area), the synthesizing mind (gathering information from multiple sources and combining the information in a meaningful way), the creating mind (building new boxes and thinking outside the old ones), the respectful mind (valuing the differences of others), and the ethical mind (doing what is right). The Leadership for Dummies assignment requires students to use their disciplined, synthesizing, and creating minds to develop new ways of thinking needed by tomorrow’s leaders. Anecdotal evidence suggests the assignment is helping students make meaning out of their undergraduate experience while taking ownership of their own learning.
Islamic Perspective on Human Development Management: A Philosophical Approach

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The conventional human development management sees human as homo economicus, or economic man. By such worldviews, it has cause corruption issues such as bribery, breach of trust and misconduct happened among institution members. It is different from the context of Islamic philosophy which sees the human development management holistically. Therefore, this paper consists of two objectives. First, to identify the concept of human development management. Second, to analyse the human development management from the Islamic perspective, philosophically. The paper employed methods of document research and content analysis. The paper found that human development management from Islamic perspective can be seen from three aspects. First, the ontological aspect which makes the monotheism (tawhid) as the mould. Second, the epistemological aspect which views human from the perspective of Qur’an. Third, the axiological aspect that applies values like courtesy (ihsan), trust (amanah), and consultation (shura). In conclusion, the emphasis of the philosophical aspects from Islamic perspective on human development management is important to overcome the moral deterioration and personality issues that happened among institution members.