jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Deep-learning-based separation of shallow and deep layer blood flow rates in diffuse correlation spectroscopy

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Diffuse correlation spectroscopy faces challenges concerning the contamination of cutaneous and deep tissue blood flow. We propose a long short-term memory network to directly quantify the flow rates of shallow and deep-layer tissues. By exploiting the different contributions of shallow and deep-layer flow rates to auto-correlation functions, we accurately predict the shallow and deep-layer flow rates (RMSE = 0.047 and 0.034 ml/min/100 g of simulated tissue, R 2 = 0.99 and 0.99, respectively) in a two-layer flow phantom experiment. This approach is useful in evaluating the blood flow responses of active muscles, where both cutaneous and deep-muscle blood flow increase with exercise.
Thiol-Mediated Anchoring of Ligands to Self-Assembled Monolayers for Studies of Biospecific Interactions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We report a method to immobilize thiol-containing ligands onto self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiolates presenting chloracetylated hexa(ethylene glycol) groups. The chloroacetyl groups react with thiols under mild basic conditions, enabling the stable immobilization of biologically active ligands in a well-defined orientation. These SAMs on gold are well suited for studies of biospecific interactions of immobilized ligands with proteins and cells. As a demonstration, we functionalized these SAMs with thiol-containing derivatives of biotin and benzene sulfonamide and observed the specific binding of neutravidin and carbonic anhydrase, respectively. We also used this method to generate mixed SAMs presenting the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide sequence and demonstrated the integrin-mediated adhesion of fibroblast cells to these SAMs. This approach would allow the immobilization of proteins and other sensitive biomolecules and ligands for a wide variety of applications in biotechnology.
Employment of ex-prisoners with mental health problems: a review

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the research within the area of employment for ex-prisoners who have a Serious Mental Illness (SMI). Design/methodology/approach – A review of the literature examining the employment of ex-offenders who have a SMI whilst also presenting a possible novel solution. Findings – The research highlights a distinct lack of employment opportunities and numerous barriers for offenders with research often failing to distinguish between those who have mental health difficulties. However, early findings suggest that Individual Placement and Support (IPS) approaches can generate competitive employment for this population. Practical implications – Offenders with a SMI are often routinely excluded from vocational services due to their mental health. This review has indicated that the way in which such offenders are treated in prison and reintegrated into the community needs to be addressed. Social implications – By tackling this issue not only could the mental health and quality of life of ex-offenders be improved through sustained employment, but the marked economic costs to society that unemployment and recidivism encompasses could also be alleviated. Originality/value – This review not only suggests a possible solution to the problems faced by offenders with mental health difficulties in gaining employment, but also presents a novel approach to future research that extends to outlining causal explanations for what works for whom.
Research Article Correlation of EGFR (Her1) expression with clinical features in sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SNSCC was 17/32; 8/32 scored 3+.EGFR was positive in 16/32 stage III patients.The EGFR-positive rate was higher in exophytic, advanced stage cancer, with neurological deficits and lymphadenopathy of the neck.EGFR expression was increased in 17/32 of sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma samples.Patients with more severe manifestations, including neurological symptoms, facial deformities and exophytic tumor growth had a significantly higher EGFR expression rate.
Activities of flavonoids for the cleavage of DNA in the presence of Cu(II): correlation with generation of active oxygen species

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The activities of several flavonoids and the related nonflavonoid compound epicatechin were compared with respect to Cu(II)-induced strand scission of DNA by using two different assays. The same series of compounds was used to study the stoichiometry of Cu(II) reduction in the absence of DNA. The compounds were compared for their ability to generate superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and the Cu(II)-dependent production of hydroxyl radicals. Flavonoids were examined to assess the production of a charge-transfer complex with Cu and the rate of decay of the complexes were compared. All the compounds tested had some ability to cause DNA strand scission in the presence of Cu(II), with myricetin being the most active and galangin the least active. The ability to cause such scission correlated with the rate of decay of the charge-transfer complex, the ability to generate active oxygen species and with the stoichiometry of Cu(II) binding. Analysis of the data in the light of the structural differences between the flavonoids led to a discussion of alternative Cu(II)-sequestering mechanisms.
Stereotypical Beliefs about Appearance: Implications for Retailing and Consumer Issues

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research was designed to identify current stereotypical beliefs about obese men and women, assess subjects' desire to work with individuals described as “normal” weight as opposed to obese, examine subjects' perceptions of their own body size, inquire about subjects' personal desire to gain and lose weight, and identify subjects' diet and consumption behavior. The data indicate sex differences in subjects' perceptions of bodily appearance, desire to work with obese people, perceptions of their own weight, desire to lose rather than gain weight, and consumption and diet behavior.
Hemodynamic consequences of therapeutic portosystemic shunting: recent experience with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

TIPS provides a side-to-side portosystemic shunt without a major abdominal operation. Although TIPS is relatively less invasive, it is associated with similar hemodynamic alterations as surgically created side-to-side shunts. An important difference is that a mild degree of portal hypertension is maintained with TIPS similar to small diameter shunts. TIPS provides effective portal decompression and prevents variceal hemorrhage. However, the risk of encephalopathy is relatively high and stenosis is a long-term concern in many patients. An important advance in the future use of TIPS will be tailoring the diameter of the shunt to optimize regional and systemic hemodynamics in a given individual to minimize the risk of bleeding or to decrease ascites accumulation while limiting the risk of hepatic encephalopathy and liver failure.
A Collaborative Protocol for Encopresis Management in School‐Aged Children

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT: Encopresis affects 1% to 3% of the general pediatric population, yet most parents are unaware of the condition. Parents frequently view encopretic symptoms as deliberate actions and react punitively. Children with encopresis live in constant fear of ridicule about a problem over which they have no control. The lengthy, complex management program for encopresis usually includes physiological and behavioral approaches. Noncompliance and withdrawing from the program too quickly are major obstacles to success. The collaborative protocol model, focused on medical clinicians, children and families, and school nurses in collaboration with the children's teachers provides comprehensive strategical management of encopresis. As health professionals with frequent opportunity for communication with children and their parents, schools nurses are essential members of the collaborative management team. Also, the unique position of school nurses offers the opportunity to identify children with encopresis and help them work toward a positive outcome.
Listener-talker Attunements in Speech*

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

3000 the second-formant transition1 in CV syllables provides information for (is a cue for) consonantal place of articulation. 2 Synthetic syllables can be created in which the second· formant transition provides the only information in the signal for place of articulation, and listeners will correctly report the consonant whose place information is specified in that way. Figure 1 shows the different transitions for Idl in Idi/ and IduJ in synthetic syllables identified reliably and correctly by listeners. In these syllables, the very different second formant transitions provide the only information for stop place. Yet listeners hear both synthetic syllables as having syllable-initial Id/s; moreover, they hear the Id/s as indistinguishable (Liberman et at 1967). When the transitions' are removed from their contexts and presented in isolation to listeners, each sounds like the frequency glide it resembles in a visual display, and neither sounds like a d. Here, then is another kind of disagreement between obvious characteristics of the acoustic signal and the listener's percept. The phonetic segments do not sound, phenomenally, like a composition of the the visibly obvious acoustic fragments that nonetheless do somehow support phonetic perception. The phonetic information that listeners extract from the acoustic speech signal does not correspond to features of the signal that are obvious in visible displays of speech. Listeners can report hearing sequences of the phonetic segments (consonants and vowels) that alphabetic orthographies spell, but phonetic segments are not evident in displays of acoustic speech signals. Whereas acoustic segments can be identified reliably in these displays, they do not correspond to phonetic segments (e.g., Fant & Lindblom, 1961): there are many more acoustic than phonetic segments; and each acoustic segment provides information about more than one phonetic segment; each phonetic segment affects, and hence is signaled by, a variable number of acoustic segments. We understand the reasons why acoustic segments relate in so complex a way to phonetic segments. Talkers coarticulate gestures for different phonetic segments (that is, they produce them in overlapping time frames). Therefore, components ofneighboring phonetic segments are, at best, interleaved, and some researchers suggest that they are even changed (in being assimilated to their neighbors; e.g., Daniloff & Hammarberg, 1973) or, worse yet, distorted (Ohala,1981) or smashed and rubbed together (like raw eggs sent through a wringer; Hockett, 1955) or encoded (Liberman, Cooper, Shankweiler, & Studdert-Kennedy, 1967) in articulation and therefore in the acoustic speech signal. Phonetic perception and visibly displayed acoustic signals fail to correspond in another way as well. Early research on perception of speech uncovered a variety of cues important for the perception of phonetic information. For example, en 2400 Q. (J c 1800 >(,) c 1200 CI) :::J tT ~ 800 LL.
Hypodermoclysis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

To the Editor.—

Dr Gluck (1982; 248:1310) has emphasized the exceptional safety of hypodermoclysis, and he cited in evidence our study of 1,850 subcutaneous infusions in 270 elderly persons.1Since our experience now encompasses 4,500 subcutaneous infusions in 634 elderly patients, we can draw further conclusions. The commonest untoward effect was overloading, which caused either subcutaneous edema or heart failure in a total of nine patients. In the five patients with subcutaneous edema, the fluid was mostly in the pelvic and genital regions and rapidly responded to diuretics in four of them; one patient died in renal failure but the death was unconnected with the infusion. Of the four patients with pulmonary edema, two died; however, it is possible that in one of the fatal cases, the cardiac insufficiency occurred spontaneously, since the patient received only one infusion consisting of 1 L of glucose-saline. Local infection was seen only
Optical measurement of the axial eye length by laser Doppler interferometry.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A new technique has been developed to determine the axial length of the human eye in vivo. Based on laser interferometry in conjunction with the Doppler technique, it uses partially coherent light. This new technique complies with laser safety regulations. High accuracy is achieved, the optical length (OL) can be determined within +/- 30 microns, and the reproducibility of the geometric eye length is greater than +/- 25 microns. Possible errors are discussed. First comparisons with the ultrasound technique yield good agreement for emmetropic subjects and for subjects with a myopia of up to 10 diopters. The advantages of the laser doppler interferometry (LDI) technique are high accuracy, high transversal resolution, and more comfort for the patient (it is a noncontact method; no anesthesia is needed). Possible future applications of LDI, like measurements of fundus profiles and of retinal thickness, are mentioned.
Utilization of used human immunodeficiency virus ELISA microplates & surplus reagents for HIV antibody testing.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Used non-competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) microplates were washed and reused to test samples and positive and negative controls, utilising the surplus reagents provided with the kit, which otherwise would have been discarded as useless after the entire 960 test kit had been utilized. These surplus reagents could be used for additional 220 tests over and above the recommended 960 tests per kit. A total of 839 unknown serum samples, 54 negative controls and 36 positive controls were tested using both washed and fresh (new) ELISA plates simultaneously. The optical density (OD) value of the control sera was within the prescribed limits in both the methods and 15 samples were found to be positive for HIV antibodies by the fresh plates whereas the washed plates showed 18 samples to be positive for HIV antibodies. None of the samples positive by fresh plates were negative by washed plates.
The Conservative Republican

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Documents in chapter three introduce readers to the intricacies and challenges of the first phase of Martin Delany’s entry into the politics of Reconstruction in South Carolina. They elucidate his political philosophy and visions; his advice to blacks on how best to maximize the benefits of their newly acquired citizenship rights; his ambivalent views on black political rights; his controversial stand on social equality; his scathing rebuke of black political aspirations and demands; and insistence that blacks attained some pre-qualification before aspiring for certain political positions. The documents also underscore the conflicting reactions of contemporaries to Delany’s controversial and at times provocative critiques of Radical Reconstruction. Ultimately, his advocacy of compromise, accommodation and racial reconciliation alienated him from the ruling radical Republican Party, prompting his decision to switch party allegiance and join the Democratic Party. The documents represent the conflicts Delany’s ideas provoked and the essential pragmatism of his thoughts.
Radio in Madagascar: Pluralism in an Economically Underdeveloped Country

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Private, often unlicensed, radio stations played a major role in the democratization of Madagascar in the early 1990s and multiplied rapidly later in the decade. Despite Madagascar's gross domestic product of less than $7,000 per capita and small commercial economy, more than 20 stations, most of them small private operations, were on the air in the capital alone at the end of the decade. An explanatory model is advanced that takes into account low potential for profit through advertising, low cost of operation, and little or no regulatory intervention as factors in sustaining a large number of stations.
Fatigue damage estimation and data‐based control for wind turbines

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The focus of this work is on fatigue estimation and data‐based controller design for wind turbines. The main purpose is to include a model of the fatigue damage of the wind turbine components in the controller design and synthesis process. This study addresses an online fatigue estimation method based on hysteresis operators, which can be used in control loops. The authors propose a data‐based model predictive control (MPC) strategy that incorporates an online fatigue estimation method through the objective function, where the ultimate goal in mind is to reduce the fatigue damage of the wind turbine components. The outcome is an adaptive or self‐tuning MPC strategy for wind turbine fatigue damage reduction, which relies on parameter identification on previous measurement data. The results of the proposed strategy are compared with a baseline model predictive controller.
Optimization of Purification Technology of Alcohol Extracts of Roasted Aucklandiae Radix

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: To investigate pharmacological action of lactone part and fat part in alcohol extracts of roasted Aucklandiae Radix,then optimize purification technology of the alcohol extracts. Method: Taking ink propulsion rate in the small intestine and diarrhea index as indexes,effects of lactone part and fat part in alcohol extracts of roasted Aucklandiae Radix after cold storage on diarrhea induced by Sennae Folium in healthy mice were investigated. With composite score of yield of dry extract, transfer rates of costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone as index,orthogonal test was adopted to optimize purification technology by taking ethanol concentration and consumption,refrigeration temperature and time as factors. Result: Propulsive motility in the small intestine and diarrhea index could be reduced by lactone part, while fat part had opposite effects with slippery bowel purgative effect. The best purification technology was as follows: refrigerated 5 h with 5 times the amount of 80% ethanol at-10 ℃; yield of dry extract,transfer rates of costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone were 5. 1%,94. 9%,93. 8%,respectively. Conclusion: Fat part in alcohol extracts of roasted Aucklandiae Radix should be removed. This optimized refrigeration process was simple and feasible,based on in favor of preparation,it could remove fat part with slippery bowel purgative effect,and had a certain reference value in actual production.
A Non-Orthogonal DF Scheme for the Single Relay Channel and the Effect of Labelling

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We consider the uncoded transmission over the half-duplex single relay channel, with a single antenna at the source, relay and destination nodes, in a Rayleigh fading environment. The phase during which the relay is in reception mode is referred to as Phase 1 and the phase during which the relay is in transmission mode is referred to as Phase 2. The following two cases are considered: the Non-Orthogonal Decode and Forward (NODF) scheme, in which both the source and the relay transmit during Phase 2 and the Orthogonal Decode and Forward (ODF) scheme, in which the relay alone transmits during Phase 2. A near ML decoder which gives full diversity (diversity order 2) for the NODF scheme is proposed. Due to the proximity of the relay to the destination, the Source-Destination link, in general, is expected to be much weaker than the Relay-Destination link. Hence it is not clear whether the transmission made by the source during Phase 2 in the NODF scheme, provides any performance improvement over the ODF scheme or not. In this regard, it is shown that the NODF scheme provides significant performance improvement over the ODF scheme. In fact, at high SNR, the performance of the NODF scheme with the non-ideal Source-Relay link, is same as that of the NODF scheme with an ideal Source-Relay link. In other words, to study the high SNR performance of the NODF scheme, one can assume that the Source-Relay link is ideal, whereas the same is not true for the ODF scheme. Further, it is shown that proper choice of the mapping of the bits on to the signal points at the source and the relay, provides a significant improvement in performance, for both the NODF and the ODF schemes.
Epidemiology of Bloodstream Infections

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The detection of microorganisms in the setting of bloodstream infection is one of the most important functions of the clinical microbiology laboratory. A number of advances and practice changes in health care, including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and solid organ transplantation (SOT) and resulting immunosuppressive regimens, as well as the aging population, emergence of antimicrobial resistance, and increased use of invasive procedures in health care settings (as well as improvements in blood culture methods), have resulted in changing epidemiology of bloodstream infections over the past 4 decades. This chapter will discuss trends in the epidemiology of positive blood cultures.
Prediction of extreme rainfall events in Rajasthan

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This work deals with the use of time-series rainfall data to predict extreme rainfall events and discover the features that influence rainfall. Advance prediction of such events can prevent the loss of economic resources and mitigate the threat to human lives. The dataset suffers from imbalance, with most instances being scanty or no rainfall events. Long Short-term Memory (LSTM) networks were able to perform better than other neural networks and decision trees. Using the LSTM network, we predict the next day's rainfall while considering the weather parameters for varying timesteps. However, the networks generally fail to predict the test data's rainfall accurately. The data imbalance prevents the learning of attributes for moderate and heavy rainfall, and the model tends to be biased towards instances of scanty rainfall. Time-series GAN or SMOTE-Regression methods could possibly reduce this imbalance by oversampling the heavy rainfall observations.
Magnetoelastic Phase Transitions and Critical Behaviour of (Fe1-xNix)2P System

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This report focuses on magnetoelastic properties and critical behaviour of (Fe1-xNix)2P system.For low Ni content (x = 0.01) an isolated critical point was found.Analysis of this critical behaviour in the frame of molecular field approximation was carried out.Moreover, thermal variations of the lattice parameters, as measured by X-ray diffraction techniques, were studied.The (P, T) phase diagrams obtained for several Ni contents show the evidence that the Curie temperature decreases with pressure.The Mössbauer spectra collected for x = 0.025, 0.1, 0.2, 0.25 at different temperatures are also analysed.The existence of two nonequivalent crystallographic sites occupied by iron atoms as well as local magnetic structure is discussed.