jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the Darkness: Analysing Organised Crime on the Wall Street Market Darknet Marketplace using PGP Public Keys

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Darknet marketplaces (DNMs) are digital platforms for e-commerce that are primarily used to trade illegal and illicit products. They incorporate technological advantages for privacy protection and contribute to the growth of cybercriminal activities. In the past, researchers have explored methods to investigate multiple identities of vendors covering different DNMs. Leaving aside phenomena such as malicious forgery of identities or Sybil attacks, usernames and their corresponding PGP public keys are used to build brands around users and are considered a trusted method of vendor authentication across DNMs.\nThis paper aims to demonstrate a forensic method for linking users on a DNM called the Wall Street Market using shared PGP public keys. We developed a trading reputation system to evaluate the transaction behaviour of each user group sharing PGP keys (i.e., PGP groups). Based on the reputation indicators we introduced, we compared PGP groups with high, medium and low reputation levels. Our research suggests that the observed PGP groups exhibit varying organisational structures in relation to their reputation levels, including a more organised and dense cooperation or a looser form of cooperation. As this paper provides an in-depth understanding of user networks on a DNM associated with PGP keys, it is of particular interest for the detection of organised criminal groups on DNMs.
The Membrane Method of Electron Microscope Autoradiography

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Thin sections of methacrylate and Araldite embedded tissues labelled with radioactive isotopes were transferred with a wire loop or brush from the knife edge onto thin formvar membranes which covered 7 mm holes in 76 × 25 × 1.5 mm or 76 × 38 × 1.5 mm plastic slides. To facilitate the mounting of sections, a platform supported the plastic slides close to the ultramicrotome knife. Photographic emulsion diluted 1:5 or 1:10 with water was applied with a pipette to the upper surface of each formvar membrane to cover the mounted sections. Excess emulsion was drained off and the remaining thin film was dried on a warm plate at 45 C to produce a uniform layer over the sections. After storing in the dark for several weeks, preparations were processed in photographic solutions and washed, and sometimes stained, before applying electron microscope grids to the underside of each formvar membrane. To detach each grid with its adherent formvar, section and emulsion, the membrane was pierced around the perimeter of the grid. Grain counts made over nuclei of cells labelled with tritiated thymidine indicate that emulsion is uniformly distributed over each section and that quantitative comparison is possible between labelled areas.
The History Boys? : masculinity, memory and the 1980s in British cinema, 2005-2010

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study will consider the function of cinema in British society’s ongoing relationship with the 1980s. Its focus on a key period of recent British film history acknowledges popular culture’s flourishing identification with this decade, reflected through a number of media including literature, music and fashion. I argue that with seventeen films set in the 1980s and produced between 2005 and 2010, British cinema is at the centre of this retrospective, providing a unique perspective on our relationship with the era. But what are the determinants of this mediated reminiscence and what does it say about the function of cinema in rendering the past? I contend that a key aspect of this channelling of popular and personal memory is the role of the writer and director. Nearly all male and mostly middle-aged, the films’ creative agents present narratives that foreground young male protagonists and specifically masculine themes. These thematic concerns, including patriarchal absence and homosocial groups, whilst anchored in the concerns of their 1980s socio-political landscape also highlight a contemporary need for the films’ authors to connect to a personal past. \nThrough reference to sociological, cinematic and political discourse, amongst others, this study will also consider the role of memory in these films. It will contend that the films present a complex perspective of the 1980s, highlighting an ambivalent relationship with the period that transcends nostalgia. The thematic structure of this work will allow a full analysis of the films’ relationship with key aspects of the 1980s incorporating a consideration of critically neglected texts that, I argue, demonstrate a strong mediated relationship with the 1980s. Additionally the study’s unique perspective on a specific period of the recent past and its mediation through film will ensure it has a key contribution to current thinking around the relationship between contemporary masculinity, British cinema and the 1980s.
Evaluating Portfolio Performance

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter presents the major approaches for assessing portfolio performance in the presence of asset selection and market timing skills. Given the difficulty of reconciling these two performance drivers, several ways to get a synthetic measure are proposed, but they do not fully reflect the joint qualities displayed by the portfolio manager. In a recently suggested option replication approach, linear and quadratic coefficients of the Treynor and Mazuy regression are combined to assess performance in the presence of market timing. This new correction has the potential to overcome the “artificial timing” bias and delivers encouraging results on a sample of 1,413 US mutual funds selected for an empirical analysis. Unlike alternative approaches proposed in the literature, most positive market timers seem to be rewarded for the convexity they add to their portfolio, while negative market timers are penalized, and a correlation between abnormal performance and the convexity parameter is found.
Analysis of the Effect of each National Park Characteristics on Willingness To Pay: Using Meta-analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

National parks are scenic spots representing the country and can be viewed as ecological and cultural tourist destinations that contain various resources. For efficient management of national parks, it is necessary to identify the economic value provided by national parks and establish policy directions based on the economic value. From this point, various studies have been attempted to analyze the value of natural assets such as national parks. In particular, most of the research has been conducted through the contingent valuation method. Therefore, this study tried to review the value of national parks more comprehensively by performing meta-analysis on the case studies of conditional valuation method applied for each national park. However, among their characteristics, the number of visitors may have endogeneity due to the simultaneous relationship with the amount of willingness to pay. In order to consider this endogeneity, the analysis was conducted using each national park designation year and survey year as instrument variables. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the number of visitors, mountain-type national parks, artifacts and national treasures, which are characteristics of national parks, increase the willingness to pay, and the number of natural monuments does not affect it. The results of this study can be used as basic data for future value measurement research and policy establishment.
HTML Editor for UNIX Terminals in C

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the ushering in of the information age came the unprecedented ability for a person to publish any work at negligible costs on the World Wide Web. Publishing on the web, however, revolves around hypertext markup language, or HTML. While relatively simple when contrasted with other programming languages, writing in HTML can be a daunting task for a true amateur to undertake. Thus, a number of commercial products have hit the market to mask the details ofHTML and streamline the process of web publishing. These products, however, frequently do not have the interest ofthe casual user in mind, requiring a fairly substantial investment to use. A free, easy to use editor is ideal for this small yet still important group of people. Realizing UNIX-based machines power many of the Web's servers, a UNIX HTML editor is a candidate to fill this void. Since many users of UNIX systems have access to the machine only through terminal programs, indeed these users are representative of the casual users mentioned above, a text-based HTML editor designed for use with UNIX terminals could potentially be a very useful product. This project attempts to create both a useful and educational web development tool for the casual user. The utility is designed to be very simple and guide the user through the more unusual bits ofHTML syntax while at the same time preserving the freedom and power of the language. None of the syntax is hid from the user, either; shortcuts simply allow it to be inserted much more quickly and with little to no possibility for error. By having the syntax continuously presented to the user, it is the author's hope that knowledge of the language will be encouraged instead of veiled.
Feed Consumption and Weight Gain in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Rats Treated With Azadirachta Indica (Neem) and Plathymenia Reticulata

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Introduction: Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Meliaceae) is a tree native to India that has several medicinal effects. It has been reported that the leaves and oil of Neem seeds present antihyperglycemic/hypoglycemic activity. Plathymenia reticulata benth, known as “vinhático”, is a Brazilian cerrado tree that has properties of pancreatic islet hyperplasia and glycemic control in diabetic rats. Objective: To verify weight gain correlating with feed intake in rats with type 1 and non-diabetic diabetes mellitus, undertreatment with Neem and Plathymenia and the association between them. Methodology: Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal streptozotocin (65mg/kg) administration after a 24-hour fast. The diagnosis was made using a blood glucose value above 200mg/dl. The study was conducted in 60 male adult Wistar rats, weighing between 180 and 220 grams, divided into 9 groups, between diabetics (DM) and non-diabetic controls (NDC), and treated with Neem (300 mg/kg), cold aqueous extract of Plathymenia (100 mg/kg), water (negative control) and insulin (3 IU/day) – positive control; and association between plants. The treatment was performed by orogastric gavage for a period of 28 consecutive days, and weekly weight and daily feed intake were performed. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer’s pos-hoc test, Pearson correlation with a significance level of 5% through the SPSS25.0 software. The results are expressed on average ± EPM. Results: There was lower weight gain in diabetic rats undergoing neem treatment, compared with positive and negative control (-13.00 ± 5.13 vs 150.40 ± 6.80, vs 15.79 ± 7.25, p&lt;0.001); the average daily feed intake was higher in rats treated with neem, compared with positive and negative control (42.00 ± 0.00 vs 26.00 ± 1.26 vs 33.83 ± 0.00; p=0,001). There was no significant difference between the other diabetic groups, except for positive control – insulin. There was also lower weight gain in control animals with Neem, compared with negative control (53.50 ± 4.21 vs 80.00 ± 5.76, p=0.010). The average daily food intake was higher in control animals with Neem compared to negative control (24.00 ± 0.00 vs 15.00 ± 0.00, p=0.029). There was a significant negative correlation between weight gain and food intake in the animals studied (p=0.005). Conclusion: The results allow evaluating a lower weight gain, with higher average daily food intake, in rats treated with Neem, both diabetic and control. This effect may indicate possible use of plant extract in prediabetics, obese diabetics and in the treatment of obesity.
The leaf-litter earthworm fauna (Annelida: Oligochaeta) of forests in Limpopo Province, South Africa: diversity, communities and conservation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A qualitative survey of the leaf-litter earthworm fauna of 11 selected indigenous forests in Limpopo Province, South Africa, was conducted to identify the species present, to describe the communities and to assess the relationship between indigenous and exotic species. A total of 8185 individuals from 17 species (five indigenous and 12 exotic species) were recorded. The average earthworm community comprised fewer than five species, but up to seven species were sampled from a single forest. Four of the species recorded are national (one species), regional (one species) or local (two species) endemics. Because these species are not known to live elsewhere, the protection of Limpopo Province forests is critical to their survival. The majority (71%) of the earthworm species sampled was exotic, and differences between exotic and indigenous species richness in forests were mostly significant. At the two spatial scales examined (20 m2 and individual forest) there is no evidence of an association between exotic and indigenous species richness. However, we cannot assume that exotic earthworms do not impact the forest ecosystem.
On Petrenko's deviations and second order differential equations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

New results on the oscillation of solutions of $f''+A(z)f=0$ and on the growth of solutions of $f''+A(z)f'+B(z)f=0$ are obtained, where $A$ and $B$ are entire functions. Petrenko's magnitudes of deviation of $g$ with respect to $\infty$ play a key rôle in the results, where $g$ represents one of the coefficients $A$ or $B$. These quantities are defined by $β^-(\infty,g) = \liminf_{r\to\infty} \frac{\log M(r,g)}{T(r,g)}$ and $β^+(\infty,g) = \limsup_{r\to\infty} \frac{\log M(r,g)}{T(r,g)}$.
Additional file 1 of Integrative analysis of circRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs profiles to reveal ceRNAs networks in chicken intramuscular and abdominal adipogenesis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Additional file 1: Table S1. The list of differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs across various groups. Table S2. The list of differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs across various groups. Table S3. The primers used for qRT-PCR in the present study.
Relaxed incremental variational approach for damage in arteries

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this contribution, several extensions of the relaxed incremental variational damage model by BALZANI & ORTIZ [1] are provided, in order to appropriately account for the description of arterial tissues. In particular, the one‐dimensional formulation from [1] is combined with a numerical homogenization scheme. Moreover, hysteresis behavior is included and a new optimization strategy is used to determine the bifurcation parameters when checking for a loss of convexity. The performance of the proposed model is demonstrated in a three‐dimensional finite element simulation of a overstretched simplified atherosclerotic artery. (© 2015 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The psychedelic model of schizophrenia: the case of N,N- dimethyltryptamine

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The authors review the research on N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) as a possible "schizotoxin." DMT produces psychedelic effects when administered to normal subjects, the means are present to synthesize it in man, it has occasionally been found in man, and tolerance to its behavioral effects is incomplete. However, DMT concentrations have not been proven to differ significantly in schizophrenics and normal controls. Also, in vivo synthesis of DMT has not been convincingly demonstrated, and the psychological changes it produces do not closely mimic the symptoms of schizophrenia. The authors conclude that more data are necessary before the validity of this theory can be determined.
The Fantasy of Embodiment: Afrofuturism, Cosplay and the Afrodiaspora

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Cosplay, or costume play, refers to the act of dressing up as characters from Japanese manga and anime, television, film, comics, cartoons and video games. Costumes are infused with the imaginative power capable of transporting cosplayers into different realms of existence. Cosplayers step into the narratives of the characters that they dress up as. For people of colour (POC), most especially those who belong to the Afrodiasporic community, cosplay can be understood as a social experiment that creates a discursive space to play with preconceived racial stereotypes. Commonly, cosplay is described as being an expressive realm to show passion for a fandom, but by melding cosplay subculture with Afrofuturist theories on play, the power of the imagination, and the creation of alternative systems of being and belonging, it can be conceptualized as a tool that possesses the capability to (re)signify and (re)present blackness by encouraging cosplayers to take control of self-visualization. Along with building from the theoretical framings of Afrofuturism, this project makes use of interviews with Afrofuturist scholars and artists, as well as cosplay participants to interrogate the relationship between cosplay and authentic visual representation. This work culminates in a research-creation project that depicts a visual and interactive guide that expounds on how conceiving cosplay, as an Afrofuturist tool, can encourage a desire to play with embodiment to create new narratives that allow for greater expression from and for racialized cosplayers.
The Process and Value of Self-Study in a Medium-Sized University Library

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper reports the steps taken to implement, personalize, develop, use, and evaluate a self-study process which follows a set of academic library standards suggested by Antoinette M. Kania.Included are organization and meeting strategies to determine and implement performance measures, qualitative and quantitative measures of the process, and specific recommendations.Ongoing results include improved communication, more effective strategic planning, the establishment of meaningful policies and procedures, and better use of library assets and services, all of which benefit the library employees as well as the patrons and university.
Recanalization of Experimental Thrombotic Arterial Occlusion by Radiofrequency Thermal Angioplasty: An Angioscopic Observation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The efficacy of radiofrequency (RF) angioplasty for recanalization of arterial thrombosis was assessed angioscopically in five dogs. A thrombus was induced by balloon injury of the left femoral artery. Within two hr, thrombi led to total occlusion of the artery in three dogs, subtotal occlusion in one, and about 70% obstruction in one. A metal-tipped catheter, with a tip size of 2.0 mm x 5.7 mm, was advanced into the thrombus and RF at 13.56 MHz was delivered repeatedly with gradually increased energies. The arterial lumina were recanalized or enlarged in all dogs. The thrombus surface had a shaggy appearance, and were dark (charring), or mixed dark and white in color. There were relatively large variations in the energies required; 140 J in one, 200 J in two and 250 J in two. The present results suggest that thrombotic arterial occlusion, such as acute occlusion complicating balloon angioplasty, can be treated with RF thermal angioplasty. Angioscopy provided detailed information about thrombus surfaces. The variations in required energies indicate the inability to control the thermal effect by energy settings alone. A more sophisticated method such as measurement of tip temperature will be able to overcome this difficulty.
Interaction of the Ukrainian Book Institute with the target audience

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article is a research about the institution Ukrainian Book Institute, which has not been analysed before and which is an important link in the promotion of reading and Ukrainian publications in Ukraine and abroad. The Ukrainian Book Institute performs several key functions related to the publishing business, which affects book publishers and readers. So the topic of the institution’s interaction with its target audience is important. The Ukrainian Book Institute organises various book events for children, teenagers, and adults, which requires maintaining a dialogue between the institution and the general public. This is necessary to understand the needs of the Ukrainians and their awareness of the functionality of the institution. The institution is the main one in Ukraine in representing the publishing interests of the country abroad, which also needs feedback from the professional audience. The existing experience of the Ukrainian Book Institute deserves to be studied and described, as it can be a socially useful asset in the context of improving the culture of the population and popularizing Ukrainian books in the world. The lack of research in the scientific literature on the issue of popularization of Ukrainian books and publishing in the context of the work of the profile institution and its communication with the population has necessitated the analysis and study of these aspects. The purpose of the study is to investigate the activities of the Ukrainian Book Institute in the context of the promotion of Ukrainian books and to determine the features of the institute’s interaction with the target audience. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is that based on the survey the specifics of the interaction of the Ukrainian Book Institute with a wide and professional audience were determined. As a result of the research, the theory was improved for the first time — a typology of promotion projects of the Ukrainian Book Institute was developed. The coverage of the results of the study also offers recommendations for activities that will have a positive impact on public awareness of the activities of the institution and the effectiveness of book promotion.
The Ethylene Ketal Protecting Group Revisited: The Synthesis of 4-Hydroxy-4,4-diphenyl-2-butanone

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Ethylene Ketal Protecting Group Revisited: The Synthesis of 4-Hydroxy-4,4-diphenyl-2-butanoneMarsha R. Baar , Charles E. Russell , and Kristin L. Wustholz View Author Information Department of Chemistry, Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA 18104Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 7, 1057Publication Date (Web):July 1, 2005Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 July 2005Published inissue 1 July 2005https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ed082p1057https://doi.org/10.1021/ed082p1057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2873Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Ethyl groups,Hydrocarbons,Modification,Protective groups Get e-Alerts