jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abstract 21: Sex Differences In Circadian Blood Pressure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hypertensive patients frequently show a lack of 10% decline in nighttime (or nondipping) blood pressure (BP), which is a strong predictor of a cardiovascular event. Clock genes are essential regulators in diurnal BP in the vasculature during hypertension. However, little is known if vascular circadian clock factors influence BP rhythms in a sex-dependent manner. To test the hypothesis that AngII-induced hypertension disrupts the expression pattern of peripheral clock genes, male and female C57Bl/6J mice were subjected to AngII (700 ng/kg/min) infusion for two weeks. BP was measured by radiotelemetry (N=7/group). After two weeks, the animals were sacrificed during daytime or nighttime, and aortas were assessed for expression of clock genes (Per1, Per2, Bmal1) and estrogen receptors (ERα and GPER). Two-way ANOVA was used to compare light-dark cycle and AngII treatment effects. Hypertensive females (MAP: day 121 ± 9 vs. night 126 ± 10 mmHg, P=0.39; 7.3% dipping) but not males (MAP: day 128 ± 3 vs. night 140 ± 2 mmHg, P=0.01; >10% dipping) developed a non-dipping phenotype. AngII-hypertension amplified the circadian pattern of Per1 in the male aorta but removed the Per1 circadian variation in the female aorta. AngII did not alter Per2 oscillation in the aorta of either sex. Bmal1 patterns were also amplified in males and reversed in females. In response to AngII, aortic ERα expression was augmented during the day in females (control 287 ± 14 vs. AngII 413 ± 42 copies/ng RNA; P=0.01) but not in males (P=0.34). Furthermore, GPER expression exhibited a circadian oscillation in control (day 9 ± 1 vs. night 20 ± 7.6 copies/RNA ng) and hypertensive males (day 12 ± 17 vs. night 20 ± 5 copies/RNA ng, P=0.04), but not in females. In conclusion, sex differences exist in non-dipping BP patterns and circadian disruption of estrogen receptors and clock genes Per1 and Bmal1 in the vasculature after AngII treatment. This data suggest that females may be more vulnerable to circadian disruption during hypertension.
Synthesis and Study of Mixed Diesters of Synthetic Petroleum Acids and Fatty Acids

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The paper deals with the synthesis and study of mixed (unsymmetrical) 1,4-butanediol diesters of petroleum acids and aliphatic fatty acids (С6–С8). High yield of the target product (90.3%) was reached under the following conditions: temperature 110–120°С, catalyst amount 1.3 wt % (based on the acid), acid : alcohol molar ratio 2 : 1.4. The physicochemical parameters and structures of the products were determined. The mixed 1,4-butanediol esters obtained are well compatible with polyvinyl chloride, forming colorless elastic compounds. The diesters were tested as antioxidants enhancing the thermal oxidation resistance of diesel fuel. The amount of the precipitate formed by oxidative polymerization and polycondensation of diesel fuel due to the presence of heteroatomic compounds decreases from 4.6 to 1.0 mg/100 mL fuel on adding 0.004 wt % diesters prepared.
Covert Plots and Secret Trades: Almayer’s Folly, An Outcast of the Islands, The Rescue

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Gun-running is a recurrent motif across the range of Conrad's writings. His early story 'Karain: A Memory' (1897), for example, is framed by and revolves around the illicit trade in weapons. It begins with the unnamed narrator reading a newspaper in London. The newspaper's reference to 'native risings in the Eastern Archipelago' reminds him of earlier days in the Malay Archipelago 'when we were content to hold in our hands our lives and our property'.2 The link between 'native risings' and his memory of Karain is very precise and helps to explain what otherwise might seem a rather romantic self-description: as his story reveals, the narrator was involved in 'the traffic in firearms and ammunition' (TU, 7) to Karain, the son of 'a woman who had many years ago ruled a small Bugis state' (TU, 13) at the head of the Gulf of Boni.
Rational Design of Minimal Artificial Diels–Alderases Based on the Copper(II) Cation–Aromatic π Attractive Interaction

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We have designed a minimal artificial metalloenzyme that is prepared in situ from Cu(OTf) 2 or Cu(NTf 2) 2 (1.0 equiv) and L-DOPA-derived monopeptide (1.1 equiv) based on the cation-pi attractive interaction between copper(II) and the aromatic arm of the ligand, which is postulated on the basis of X-ray diffraction analysis and theoretical calculations. This catalyst (2-10 mol %) is highly effective for not only the enantioselective Diels-Alder reaction with alpha,beta-unsaturated 1-acyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazoles but also the enantioselective Mukaiyama-Michael reaction with these compounds. Products bearing a 3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl auxiliary may be transformed into a range of carboxylic acid derivatives, such as the corresponding carboxylic acids, esters, amides, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and beta-ketoesters, by known methods. The present results demonstrate that monopeptides are chirally economical and readily tunable ligands compared to bis(oxazoline)s, which have been reported to be notably useful ligands in various enantioselective reactions with bidentate electrophiles.
Progress of protein chip technology

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

After the sequence of the Human Genome is conlpleted,more and more attention focuses on proteome. As executor of biological activities, proteins are more complex than DNA, requiting more advice technology to unravel the structure and biological function of proteins. Protein chip as a new technology is established to investigate proteins in a massively parallel way, which develop rapidly and have promising future. Many new developments in manufacture, detection methods and applications of protein chip are reviewed here and existing problems of protein chip are discussed.
Health and the Sustainable Development Goals: Challenges for four Pacific countries

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Summary Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3) focuses on health and well‐being. To understand the in‐country monitoring challenges for developing countries of reporting against SDG 3, this research sought published data for the four Pacific countries of Fiji, Papua New Guinea (PNG), the Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu—within a region with well‐documented and significant health challenges. This research found that there are limited recent, comprehensive, and comparable data with identified sources against the SDG 3 outcome indicators at an in‐country level. Without such data, there is a risk of relying on data that may be inaccurate because of aggregation, estimation, and modelling. The results from these data can influence the funding and other resources that could be made available to the Melanesian countries to address health inequities.
Vaccine rejection and hesitation in Turkey

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In Turkey, primary care staffs have observed an increased rate of vaccination refusal in recent years. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of vaccination refusal and hesitancy in Turkey, in addition to the demographic features and underlying reasons. The present descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in İstanbul and Tekirdağ, two big Turkish cities that are exposed to widespread internal migration. To reflect Turkey's demographic structure, 1004 participants were selected using cluster sampling based on birthplace, age, and level of education, from all individuals who attended family medicine outpatient clinics at Namık Kemal University and Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital. A face-to-face questionnaire method was used. Data show that this decline was mainly the result of the increasing rate of vaccine rejection and hesitation, for which the most important reason was found to be distrust of vaccine companies. It can be concluded that individuals who display vaccine refusal and hesitation are mostly born in the developed geographical regions of Turkey and have high income and educational levels. According to these results, we anticipate that vaccination rates may fall in Turkey in the coming years.
ChemInform Abstract: Fast and Efficient Access to a Family of Multifunctional 1,3,5‐Trisubstituted Piperidines.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
EP284 Borderline Hip Dysplasia is Not Associated with Significant Differences in Hip Survivorship or Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Primary Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Study with Minimum 10-Year Follow-Up

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Hip arthroscopy (HA) has demonstrated favorable short- and mid-term outcomes for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) in patients with borderline hip dysplasia (BHD). However, long-term outcomes in patients with FAIS in the presence BHD treated by hip arthroscopy remain understudied. Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate hip survivorship and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in patients with FAIS and BHD compared to those without BHD at a minimum 10-year follow-up. Methods A retrospective matched-cohort study was conducted on patients undergoing primary hip arthroscopy for FAIS by a single surgeon (2012–2024). BHD was defined as a lateral center-edge angle (LCEA) of 20°-25°. Patients with BHD were matched 1:2 to controls without BHD based on age, sex, BMI, and preoperative modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS). Radiographic parameters (e.g., alpha angle, LCEA) were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively. PROs, including mHHS and Non-Arthritic Hip Score (NAHS), and hip survivorship (revision arthroscopy, conversion to THA) were compared Results The study included 23 patients with BHD (mean age 33.6 years, 69.6% female) and 46 controls (mean age 32.7 years, 65.2% female). Both groups showed significant improvements in mHHS and NAHS at 10 years (all p &lt; .001), with no differences in postoperative scores or MCID achievement (BHD 91.3% vs control 97.5%, p &gt; .05). There were no conversions to THA in the BHD group and 2 in the controls (4.3%, p = .189). Revision arthroscopy rates were 0% in the BHD group and 8.7% in controls (p = .549). BHD patients exhibited significantly greater reductions in alpha angles on 45° Dunn views (-13.0° vs -1.9°, p = .01). Conclusions At a minimum 10-year follow-up, patients with BHD that underwent hip arthroscopy for FAIS achieved comparable PROs and hip survivorship to those without BHD. These findings support hip arthroscopy as a durable and effective treatment for FAIS in this population.
In Silico Investigation of TATA-Binding Protein as a Therapeutic Target for Chagas Disease: Insights into FDA Drug Repositioning

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Parasitic diseases, particularly Chagas disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, primarily affect developing countries but are now spreading to wealthier nations due to changing migration patterns. With approximately 8 to 9 million cases annually and a rise in drug resistance and side effects, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic approaches. Objectives: This study aimed to identify potential pharmacological compounds to target the TATA Binding Protein (TBP) of T. cruzi. Methods: Over eleven thousand FDA-approved pharmacological compounds were analyzed using in silico methods, including homology modeling, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations. In addition, in vitro assays were conducted to assess the trypanocidal activity of promising candidates against T. cruzi epimastigotes and their selectivity toward macrophage J774.2. Results: Two compounds, DB00890 and DB07635, emerged as promising candidates, demonstrating significant potential against T. cruzi TBP. Compound DB00890 had trypanocidal activity against T. cruzi epimastigotes, with IC50 values of 70.4 µM (SI 2.84) and 37.3 µM (SI 5.36) for the NINOA and A1 strains, respectively. Conclusions: Our findings suggest DB00890 is a promising candidate for the development of new agents against Chagas disease, with the potential for targeted therapies that minimize side effects. These results provide a strong foundation for further research into novel treatments for parasitic diseases caused by T. cruzi.
Optimization of Artificial Intelligence to Address Injustice in Bankruptcy Requirements between State-Owned

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Injustice in bankruptcy requirements between State-Owned Enterprises and private companies creates legal uncertainty and unfair treatment in restructuring processes. State-Owned Enterprises often receive more protection compared to private companies, even though both are subject to Law No. 37 of 2004 on Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations. Article 2 paragraph (5) of this law stipulates that bankruptcy petitions against State-Owned Enterprises operating in the public interest can only be filed by the Minister of Finance, resulting in unequal legal treatment and raising questions about fairness in the bankruptcy system in Indonesia. This disparity negatively impacts business competition and public trust in the legal system. The purpose of this study is to analyze the injustice in bankruptcy requirements between State-Owned Enterprises and private companies, as well as to explore how artificial intelligence can be integrated to address these issues. The research method used is normative juridical, using a statutory approach and an analytical approach. The research findings indicate that the injustice in bankruptcy requirements is primarily caused by the differing legal treatment and policies that favor State-Owned Enterprises. The utilization of AI in bankruptcy data analysis and decision-making can assist in identifying patterns of injustice and provide more equitable and transparent recommendations. Artificial intelligence has the potential to address injustices in bankruptcy requirements between state-owned enterprises and private companies by enhancing transparency, accuracy, and fairness in legal processes. Its implementation requires clear regulatory support and collaboration among the government, legal institutions, and the private sector.
ERK activation in axonal varicosities modulates presynaptic plasticity in the CA3 region of the hippocampus through synapsin I

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Activity-dependent changes in the strength of synaptic connections in the hippocampus are central for cognitive processes such as learning and memory storage. In this study, we reveal an activity-dependent presynaptic mechanism that is related to the modulation of synaptic plasticity. In acute mouse hippocampal slices, high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of the mossy fiber (MF)-CA3 pathway induced a strong and transient activation of extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) in MF giant presynaptic terminals. Remarkably, pharmacological blockade of ERK disclosed a negative role of this kinase in the regulation of a presynaptic form of plasticity at MF-CA3 contacts. This ERK-mediated inhibition of post-tetanic enhancement (PTE) of MF-CA3 synapses was both frequency- and pathway-specific and was observed only with HFS at 50 Hz. Importantly, blockade of ERK was virtually ineffective on PTE of MF-CA3 synapses in mice lacking synapsin I, 1 of the major presynaptic ERK substrates, and triple knockout mice lacking all synapsin isoforms displayed PTE kinetics resembling that of wild-type mice under ERK inhibition. These findings reveal a form of short-term synaptic plasticity that depends on ERK and is finely tuned by the firing frequency of presynaptic neurons. Our results also demonstrate that presynaptic activation of the ERK signaling pathway plays part in the activity-dependent modulation of synaptic vesicle mobilization and transmitter release.
Prolonged Course of Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis with Liver Involvement due to Sensitization to Amoxicillin and Paracetamol

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The EuroSCAR group recently assigned paracetamol as “a drug of common use with no significant association” with acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) (1). However, some rare cases of AGEP in association with paracetamol intake have been reported (2–5). We report here the case of a patient for whom we have good evidence (i.e. by skin testing) that AGEP was elicited by a combination of amoxicillin and paracetamol and who showed unusual liver involvement and prolonged course of the disease.CASE REPORTA 48-year-old man with no history of psoriasis was treated with paracetamol because of otitis media. In ad-dition, amoxicillin was started 2 days later and within 3 more days he developed exanthema, which was progres-sive despite immediate cessation of both drugs on day 5 after start of drug therapy, hospital admission on day 6 and therapy with prednisolone-succinate (250 mg/day for 2 days). On day 7 he was referred to our university hospital with pustular suberythrodermic exanthema (Fig. 1a) and oral erosions. Histology from the trunk revealed slight acanthosis and subcorneal pustules filled with neutrophils (Fig. 1b). In the papillary dermis there was a mixed perivascular and interstitial infiltrate of neutrophils, eosinophils and lymphocytes. Skin lesions were accompanied by fever > 39oC, leukocytosis (25/nl), neutrophilia (87%) and increased C-reactive protein level (CRP) (250 mg/l). On day 8, eosinophils and liver enzymes were within normal range, but gamma-gluta-myl transferase (GGT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT
Leukoderma acquisitum centrifugum. An unusual case

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A case is presented of a 9-year-old girl who developed a depigmented halo around a pigmented tumor of the skin on her shoulder. She also developed widespread metastases in the ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes, lungs, and, presumably, liver, and subsequently died of her disease. Histologic interpretations of the nature of the cutaneous tumor and axillary metastases are given and the suggestion made that the skin lesion was a malignant melanoma. Should this interpretation be correct, this case represents the first of its kind in which a lesion in a child with the clinical features of a halo nevus proved to be a fatal malignant melanoma.
Tarski ‐ a dilemma

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Tarski's correspondence theory of truth (which he spells out in his semantic conception of truth) is open to two interpretations. This ambiguity in the theory has led philosophers to find support in it for metaphysical reali sm. In fact, Tarski's theory turns out to support a form of ontological relativism. In different passages Tarski himself gives support to each of these interpretations. The first interpretation leads to ontological relativism, while the second sacrifices the connection between language and the world. I clarify the dilemma that I see in having to choose between these two interpretations, explain how these interpretations have their source in different problems which occupied Tarski, and consider a possible solution to the dilemma. Finally, finding good reasons to claim that Tarski's theory is indeed a correspondence theory of truth, I argue in favour of the first interpretation with its relativistic implications.
Protective role of antibodies in enteric virus infections: Lessons from primary and secondary immune deficiencies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Enteric viruses are the main cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide with a significant morbidity and mortality, especially among children and aged adults. Some enteric viruses also cause disseminated infections and severe neurological manifestations such as poliomyelitis. Protective immunity against these viruses is not well understood in humans, with most knowledge coming from animal models, although the development of poliovirus and rotavirus vaccines has extended our knowledge. In a classical view, innate immunity involves the recognition of foreign DNA or RNA by pathogen recognition receptors leading to the production of interferons and other inflammatory cytokines. Antigen uptake and presentation to T cells and B cells then activate adaptive immunity and, in the case of the mucosal immunity, induce the secretion of dimeric IgA, the more potent immunoglobulins in viral neutralization. The study of Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) offers a natural opportunity to study nonredundant immunity toward pathogens. In the case of enteric viruses, patients with a defective production of antibodies are at risk of developing neurological complications. Moreover, a recent description of patients with low or absent antibody production with protracted enteric viral infections associated with hepatitis reinforces the prominent role of B cells and immunoglobulins in the control of enteric virus.
Elevated Chitin Content Reduces the Susceptibility of Candida Species to Caspofungin

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The echinocandin antifungal drugs inhibit synthesis of the major fungal cell wall polysaccharide β(1,3)-glucan. Echinocandins have good efficacy against Candida albicans but reduced activity against other Candida species, in particular Candida parapsilosis and Candida guilliermondii . Treatment of Candida albicans with a sub-MIC level of caspofungin has been reported to cause a compensatory increase in chitin content and to select for sporadic echinocandin-resistant FKS1 point mutants that also have elevated cell wall chitin. Here we show that elevated chitin in response to caspofungin is a common response in various Candida species. Activation of chitin synthesis was observed in isolates of C. albicans , Candida tropicalis , C. parapsilosis , and C. guilliermondii and in some isolates of Candida krusei in response to caspofungin treatment. However, Candida glabrata isolates demonstrated no exposure-induced change in chitin content. Furthermore, isolates of C. albicans , C. krusei , C. parapsilosis , and C. guilliermondii which were stimulated to have higher chitin levels via activation of the calcineurin and protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathways had reduced susceptibility to caspofungin. Isolates containing point mutations in the FKS1 gene generally had higher chitin levels and did not demonstrate a further compensatory increase in chitin content in response to caspofungin treatment. These results highlight the potential of increased chitin synthesis as a potential mechanism of tolerance to caspofungin for the major pathogenic Candida species.
Effect of internal marketing on knowledge sharing and organisational effectiveness in the hotel industry

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this empirical study was to examine and justify the concept that knowledge management needs to be brought into the internal marketing (IM) field, and to investigate how communication media affect knowledge sharing (KS) and organisational effectiveness (OE). This empirical research concerns 499 usable questionnaires from employees of globally managed or franchised hotels in Taiwan. Structural equation modelling results show that the communication media of IM campaigns – conversation – significantly affected KS. This enables front-line employees to provide the right company offerings to external customers at their first encounter. Furthermore, it contributes to the reinforcement of employee competencies and enhances the quality of customer service during the service encounter and, thus, can provide a sustained advantage in market competitiveness and OE.