jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Multinucleated Giant Cells in Adipose Tissue Are Specialized in Adipocyte Degradation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation of visceral adipose tissue (AT) characterized by an increasing number of AT macrophages (ATMs) and linked to type 2 diabetes. AT inflammation is histologically indicated by the formation of so-called crown-like structures, as ATMs accumulate around dying adipocytes, and the occurrence of multinucleated giant cells (MGCs). However, to date, the function of MGCs in obesity is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize MGCs in AT and unravel the function of these cells. We demonstrated that MGCs occurred in obese patients and after 24 weeks of a high-fat diet in mice, accompanying signs of AT inflammation and then representing ∼3% of ATMs in mice. Mechanistically, we found evidence that adipocyte death triggered MGC formation. Most importantly, MGCs in obese AT had a higher capacity to phagocytize oversized particles, such as adipocytes, as shown by live imaging of AT, 45-µm bead uptake ex vivo, and higher lipid content in vivo. Finally, we showed that interleukin-4 treatment was sufficient to increase the number of MGCs in AT, whereas other factors may be more important for endogenous MGC formation in vivo. Most importantly, our data suggest that MGCs are specialized for clearance of dead adipocytes in obesity.
Direct Radial LMHF Microvibration Induced Bone Formation and Promoted Implant Osseointegration

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Mechanical loading is known to play an important role in bone remodeling. Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the effect of direct low‐magnitude high‐frequency ( LMHF ) microvibration on dental implant bone formation and osseointegration. Materials and Methods Titanium implants were installed in rabbit tibiae. The implants in the left legs were loaded with mechanical vibration (15 μm ) at 10, 20, 30, and 40 Hz (10, 20, 30, and 40 Hz groups, respectively) for 30 minutes every day. The implants on the right legs were used as a sham control and did not receive a vibration load. Results After 20 days, the 10, 20, and 30 Hz groups showed significantly greater newly formed bone volume, density, ratio of the bone surface area to the trabecular bone surface area, and ratio of the bone surface area in direct contact with osteoclasts versus the total bone surface area in the region of interest compared with the sham control group, especially the 20 Hz group. However, the 40 Hz group did not. Conclusions In conclusion, the application of direct LMHF (10, 20, or 30 Hz ) vibration on the implants promoted bone formation and osseointegration, especially at 20 Hz ; however, the use of 40 Hz did not result in any significant improvement.
Local Development Actors Classification in the Context of the Slovak Least Developed District Policy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

At the end of 2015, a policy of support for the least developed districts was introduced in the conditions of the Slovak Republic. It was conceived as a place-based policy with an emphasis on the involvement of local actors in the processes of its preparation and implementation in the districts. The aim of the paper is to categorize local actors involved in LDD policy on the basis of their attitudes towards selected aspects of the preparation and implementation of LDD policy Action plans in the districts. The local development actors were classified into four clusters, reflecting the polarization of actors to "those whose needs have been met" and critics of LDD policy processes. The attitudes identified in the clusters are mostly not linked to the sectoral affiliation nor the district in which the actor was located. However, they are linked to the status of the actor as a member of the Development board - they are strongly represented in two specific clusters: Satisfied actors and Critics of central level institutions. Most actors have been classified as critics of various aspects of the LDD policy. Specifically, those are overall critics of the LDD policy, critics of the policy reform and critics of the central government level.
Frequency Modulation Supported Long-haul Transmission Enabled by Nonlinear Equalization with a Low-cost DML

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text S. Hu, P. Lei, J. Zhang, Y. Feng, X. Yi, and K. Qiu, "Frequency Modulation Supported Long-haul Transmission Enabled by Nonlinear Equalization with a Low-cost DML," in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, OSA Technical Digest (Optica Publishing Group, 2019), paper SW3O.7. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Clinical Significance of Colony Counts in Immunocompromised Patients with Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Clinical Significance of Colony Counts in Immunocompromised Patients with Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Get access Estella Whimbey, Estella Whimbey Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and the Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Timothy E. Kiehn, Timothy E. Kiehn Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and the Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Patricia Brannon, Patricia Brannon Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and the Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Diane Benezra, Diane Benezra Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and the Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Donald Armstrong Donald Armstrong Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and the Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York Please address requests for reprints to Dr. Donald Armstrong, Infectious Disease Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 155, Issue 6, June 1987, Pages 1328–1330, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/155.6.1328 Published: 01 June 1987 Article history Received: 10 July 1986 Revision received: 19 December 1986 Published: 01 June 1987
A Novel Approach to Detect Fake News Using eXtreme Gradient Boosting

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The usage of social media has expanded in recent years, allowing them to get news from around the world at any time. This in turn, is questioning the authenticity of the news that is being spread both globally and locally. Fake news such as misinformation, gossips is widely disseminated on social media having a negative impact on society and lives of the people. As a result, much study is being is carried out in order to detect them. The data can be clustered into smaller groups based on the type of news using a few learning approaches. A novel method has been proposed for prediction of the authenticity of the news of the LIAR dataset [1] using Logistic Regression and a boosting algorithm eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) for efficacy, computational pace and performance of the model. This method detects fake news by analyzing the semantic and syntactic connections between sentences. Various graphs (like heat maps, bar charts) are plotted to show the distribution of the authenticity of news and also to compare the predicted result with the actual one. The proposed strategy addresses the effects of the hoax's global spread. People are hungry for information to defend themselves and others in a community where humans are confronting large-scale risks from harms. Some key traits such as Sentimental features, Content-based features, Frequency features, and Hybrid features (combinations of two or more features) are incorporated for early prediction of fake news spread via social media. The liar dataset is used to train the method and tested for accurate results. The experimental accuracy is found out to be 98%.
Teaching and Learning about Patient Safety

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This chapter contains sections titled: What should be learned? How should it be taught? How should the learning be assessed? How can a strategy be developed? Conclusion Appendix 18.1: Sources of educational resources Appendix 18.2: Examples of patient safety curricula Appendix 18.3: Critical factors for teaching and learning patient safety in medical school (after Aron & Headrick [14]) Appendix 18.4: National Patient Safety Education Framework: learning areas and topics (after Lyons et al. [15]) Appendix 18.5: Key messages of the Royal College of General Practitioners Curriculum Statement 3.2, Patient Safety References
The Owl in Phoenician Mortuary Practice

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Recent excavations in the Iron Age necropolis of Tyre (al-Bass district) allow a substantial reconstruction of the Phoenician ritual of cremation burial. Among the faunal remains from Tyre al-Bass Tomb 8 are two talons from a species of owl. The talons had been charred and perhaps boiled before placement with the grave goods. This paper examines ancient Near Eastern and biblical cultural interpretations of the owl and suggests a range of possible explanations for the presence of owl remains in this Phoenician burial.
Investigations into the Stability of Tethered Palladium(II) Pincer Complexes during Heck Catalysis

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A variety of palladated PCP pincer complexes are covalently tethered onto polymeric and silica supports via either amide or ether linkages and are evaluated in the Heck reaction of iodobenzene and n-butyl acrylate. The decomposition under reaction conditions of all complexes studied is established through poisoning and kinetic studies. Furthermore, the initial steps of the decomposition pathway of PCP as well as SCS pincer Pd(II) complexes are proposed and validated using in situ NMR, mass spectroscopy, and XAS as well as computational methods. These findings together with our previous reports strongly suggest that all Pd(II) pincer complexes are simply precatalysts during the Heck reaction that decompose to form catalytically active Pd(0) species.
A Novel Method Using Blinatumomab for Efficient, Clinical-Grade Expansion of Polyclonal T Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Current treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients often results in life-threatening immunosuppression. Furthermore, CLL is still an incurable disease due to the persistence of residual leukemic cells. These patients may therefore benefit from immunotherapy approaches aimed at immunoreconstitution and/or the elimination of residual disease following chemotherapy. For these purposes, we designed a simple GMP-compliant protocol for ex vivo expansion of normal T cells from CLL patients’ peripheral blood for adoptive therapy, using bispecific Ab blinatumomab (CD3 × CD19), acting both as T cell stimulator and CLL depletion agent, and human rIL-2. Starting from only 10 ml CLL peripheral blood, a mean 515 × 106 CD3+ T cells were expanded in 3 wk. The resulting blinatumomab-expanded T cells (BET) were polyclonal CD4+ and CD8+ and mostly effector and central memory cells. The Th1 subset was slightly prevalent over Th2, whereas Th17 and T regulatory cells were &lt;1%. CMV-specific clones were detected in equivalent proportion before and after expansion. Interestingly, BET cells had normalized expression of the synapse inhibitors CD272 and CD279 compared with starting T cells and were cytotoxic against CD19+ targets in presence of blinatumomab in vitro. In support of their functional capacity, we observed that BET, in combination with blinatumomab, had significant therapeutic activity in a systemic human diffuse large B lymphoma model in NOD-SCID mice. We propose BET as a therapeutic tool for immunoreconstitution of heavily immunosuppressed CLL patients and, in combination with bispecific Ab, as antitumor immunotherapy.
Differentiating neural systems mediating the acquisition vs. expression of goal‐directed and habitual behavioral control

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Considerable behavioral data indicate that operant actions can become habitual, as demonstrated by insensitivity to changes in the action–outcome contingency and in subjective outcome values. Notably, although several studies have investigated the neural substrates of habits, none has clearly differentiated the areas of the human brain that support habit formation from those that implement habitual control. We scanned participants with functional magnetic resonance imaging as they learned and performed an operant task in which the conditional structure of the environment encouraged either goal‐directed encoding of the consequences of actions, or a habit‐like mapping of actions to antecedent cues. Participants were also scanned during a subsequent assessment of insensitivity to outcome devaluation. We identified dissociable roles of the cerebellum and ventral striatum, across learning and test performance, in behavioral insensitivity to outcome devaluation. We also showed that the inferior parietal lobule (an area previously implicated in several aspects of goal‐directed action selection, including the attribution of intent and awareness of agency) predicted sensitivity to outcome devaluation. Finally, we revealed a potential functional homology between the human subgenual cortex and rodent infralimbic cortex in the implementation of habitual control. In summary, our findings suggested a broad systems division, at the cortical and subcortical levels, between brain areas mediating the encoding and expression of action–outcome and stimulus–response associations.
Final report 22 weeks industrial attachment with ST Electronics Pte Ltd

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this report is to provide an insight to the experiences and skills acquired during the 22 weeks Industrial Attachment with ST Electronics. I had been attached to Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) department under Transportation Business Unit (TBU). A clear and detailed description focusing on Circle Line MRT project (C830A), as well as Downtown Line MRT Project (C960) is included in this report. This report will summarize the nature of work and duties assigned during the entire internship, as well as the participation and added values for the department and organization. The report will also focus on personal thoughts, observations and experiences gained. Lastly, the report will conclude with an overview of the internship with ST Electronics.
Anorectal manometry for evaluating defecation disorders.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Anorectal manometry is a valuable tool in the differential diagnosis of disorders of defecation. While especially useful in differentiating between functional constipation and Hirschsprung's disease and thus reducing in many children the need for barium enema and rectal biopsy, anorectal manometry can be a practical adjunct in the diagnosis and management of patients of all ages with constipation and/or fecal soiling due to a wide range of congenital and acquired disease.
Visceral Fat Affects Heart Rate Recovery but Not the Heart Rate Response Post-Single Bout of Vigorous Exercise: A Cross-Sectional Study in Non-Obese and Healthy Participants

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Body composition could influence exercise physiology. However, no one has ever studied the effect of visceral fat (VF) on heart rate (HR) trends during and after exercise by using bioimpedance analysis (BIA). This study aims to investigate BIA variables as predictors of HR trends during vigorous exercise. Ninety-six participants (age 22.5 ± 4.8 years) were included in the data analysis. After performing BIA, the HR was recorded at three time points: baseline HR (BHR), peak HR (PHR) at the end of vigorous exercise, and resting HR (RHR) 1 min after the end of the exercise. After BHR, a 30 s squat jump test was performed. Linear regression analysis showed the body fat percentage and VF as a predictor of HR recovery post-exercise (p < 0.01). However, body weight has no association with HR recovery (p > 0.05). On the other hand, BIA variables were not associated with the variation of HR from the baseline to the end of the exercise. The results show that higher VF is associated with a slower HR recovery. To schedule a training program, it would be safer to monitor visceral fat before prescribing recovery time.
Are Speech-Generating Devices Viable AAC Options for Adults with Intellectual Disabilities?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Many adults with intellectual disabilities have severe communication impairments and are therefore potential candidates for the use of speech-generating technologies. However, there may be reluctance to prescribe speech-generating devices for adults with intellectual disabilities in the absence of evidence demonstrating that such persons are capable of learning and interested in using this technology. In this chapter, the authors provide an overview of intellectual disability and the use of speech-generating technologies for adults with intellectual disability. This overview is followed by a systematic review of intervention studies that have sought to teach the use of speech-generating technologies to adults with intellectual disability. An overview and review of this type may help to inform and advance evidence-based practice in the provision of communication intervention for adults with intellectual disability.
Alterations in binding site density of dopamine transporter in the striatum, orbitofrontal cortex, and amygdala in early Parkinson's disease: compartment analysis for beta-CFT binding with positron emission tomography.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We investigated changes in the kinetics in the binding of the dopamine transporter probe 2-beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-[11C]fluorophenyl)tropane (beta-CFT) in living brain by compartmental analysis, using positron emission tomography in unmedicated patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) (Hoehn and Yahr stages I-II). With dynamic positron emission tomographic data from 90-minute acquisitions and metabolite-corrected arterial input functions, binding potentials (k3/k4) were calculated by using estimated rate constants (K1 - k4). In this analysis, the magnitude of the distribution volume (K1/k2) measured in the cerebellum, in which specific binding is negligible, was used as a constrained value for fitting in binding regions. Statistics showed that k3/k4 values in the striatum, the orbitofrontal cortex, and the amygdala were significantly lower in PD patients than in normal controls, whereas there were no differences in K1/k2 ratios and structural volumes between the groups. Correlation analysis showed that the putaminal and orbitofrontal binding levels were correlated positively with motor and mentation scores, respectively, of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. These results indicated that not only the striatal but also the orbitofrontal and amygdalar presynaptic dopaminergic functions were altered in early PD. The reductions in these mesocortical/mesolimbic functions might contribute to the mental and behavioral impairment observed in PD.
The relationship of clinical classification to "ras" oncogene expression in primary lung cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

原発性肺癌の腫瘍最大径およびTNM分類とras癌遺伝子発現の関係を抗ras p21モノクローナル抗体rp-35を用いて免疫組織学的に検討した.その結果, 原発巣腫瘍最大径が30mmを越える腺癌および扁平上皮癌はいずれも30mm以下のものに比べてrp-35に対して高反応性であった (P<0.01).TNM分類T因子では, T2およびT3症例はT1症例に比べてrp-35に対して高反応性であった (p<0-01).N因子およびM因子は明らかな関係を示さなかった.以上, 腫瘍最大径およびTNM分類T因子とras p21発現の間に相関を認めた.
Testing for high frequency features in a noisy signal

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Given nonstationary data, one generally wants to extract the trend from the noise by smoothing or filtering. However, it is often important to delineate a third intermediate category, that we call high frequency (HF) features: this is the case in our motivating example, which consists in experimental measurements of the time-dynamics of depolymerising protein fibrils average size. One may intuitively visualise HF features as the presence of fast, possibly nonstationary and transient oscillations, distinct from a slowly-varying trend envelope. The aim of this article is to propose an empirical definition of HF features and construct estimators and statistical tests for their presence accordingly, when the data consists of a noisy nonstationary 1-dimensional signal. We propose a parametric characterization in the Fourier domain of the HF features by defining a maximal amplitude and distance to low frequencies of significant energy. We introduce a data-driven procedure to estimate these parameters, and compute a p-value proxy based on a statistical test for the presence of HF features. The test is first conducted on simulated signals where the ratio amplitude of the HF features to the level of the noise is controlled. The test detects HF features even when the level of noise is five times larger than the amplitude of the oscillations. In a second part, the test is conducted on experimental data from Prion disease experiments and it confirms the presence of HF features in these signals with significant confidence.
Pulmonary Clearance of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide in the Rat

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Conference Abstract| December 01 1985 Pulmonary Clearance of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide in the Rat M.P. Barrowcliffe; M.P. Barrowcliffe 1Division of Anaesthesia, Clinical Research Centre, Harrow, Middx. and Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar A. Morice; A. Morice 1Division of Anaesthesia, Clinical Research Centre, Harrow, Middx. and Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J.G. Jones; J.G. Jones 1Division of Anaesthesia, Clinical Research Centre, Harrow, Middx. and Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar P.S. Sever P.S. Sever 1Division of Anaesthesia, Clinical Research Centre, Harrow, Middx. and Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Clin Sci (Lond) (1985) 69 (s12): 20P. https://doi.org/10.1042/cs069020Pa Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation M.P. Barrowcliffe, A. Morice, J.G. Jones, P.S. Sever; Pulmonary Clearance of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide in the Rat. Clin Sci (Lond) 1 December 1985; 69 (s12): 20P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/cs069020Pa Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsClinical Science Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1985 The Biochemical Society and the Medical Research Society1985 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.