jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance imaging with respiratory gating: techniques and advantages

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Respiratory motion is an important problem in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the thorax and upper abdomen. This study assessed several approaches for practical respiratory gating. Methods of acquiring respiratory signals, gated sequencing methods, duration of examination, strategies for reducing examination time, diagnostic quality of gated images, and the influence of respiratory gating on relaxation time measurements were evaluated. Of three different devices for acquiring the respiratory signal, a belt containing a displacement transducer placed around the upper abdomen was found to be most effective and practical. Two pulse-gating modes were implemented, as well as a method for combining cardiac and respiratory gating. Gating methods were tested using phantoms and human volunteers. A spin-conditioned mode of respiratory gating was found to be superior to a more simply implemented triggered mode in which spin-echo (SE) sequencing was interrupted. The time penalty for respiratory gating is technique-dependent. Gated studies with uncontrolled tidal breathing took two to four times longer than nongated studies. When the time between respirations was voluntarily prolonged, gated studies could be only 30%-50% longer than nongated. The standard deviation of relaxation-time measurements for organs that are displaced during respirations was substantially reduced by respiratory gating. Gating acquisition without spin-conditioning gating. Respiratory gating is a practical and useful technique for improving the contrast and spatial resolution of SE images of the upper abdomen and chest. SE images produced with short repetition times were particularly improved by respiratory gating.
[Cutaneous lupus erythematosus and cardiolipin antibodies. Incidence and clinical significance].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In recent years, the importance of antiphospholipid antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus and various other dermatological and internal diseases has been recognized. Characteristic symptoms associated with these antibodies are venous and arterial thrombosis, recurrent fetal loss, thrombocytopenia, and haemolytic anaemia. Two antiphospholipid antibody subgroups that are clinically relevant can be discerned: anticardiolipin antibodies and lupus coagulant. In this study, 51 clinically well-characterized patients with predominantly cutaneous lupus erythematosus were screened for the presence of anticardiolipin antibodies. Anticardiolipin antibodies could be detected in only three patients. These data suggest that, in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus, anticardiolipin antibodies should be measured only in the presence of symptoms associated with antiphospholipid antibodies.
Different Types of Alcohol Nystagmus

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

AbstractIn a series of earlier papers, (Aschan, Bergstedt, Goldberg, and Laurell 1955, 1956) positional alcohol nystagmus (PAN) appearing in two phases has been described, with special references to the relationship between PAN and the blood alcohol level. All details will be found in these publications. It should be mentioned here that in normal subjects the two phases of PAN were demonstrated at maximal blood alcohol concentrations as low as 0.02 per cent. This figure seems surprisingly low in comparison with the values reported by earlier authors, who consider that blood alcohol concentrations of 0.06 per cent or more are needed before alcohol nystagmus can be demonstrated clinically. Some of the forms of alcohol nystagmus described earlier have been observed under different conditions, in alcohol-intoxicated patients in a state of unconsciousness (Bernhard and Goldberg 1934), or with the patient looking in the lateral direction and with open eyes (Goldberg 1943). Positional nystagmus described by earlier authors has as a rule been studied under Frenzel's glasses (Frenzel 1939, Plenkers 1943).Because of the divergencies as regards results, experimental conditions and methods of observation, it seems justifiable to study alcohol-induced nystagmus under divers conditions to find out whether alcohol is likely to produce different forms of nystagmus, and to compare their relationship to the blood alcohol level, principally from the view-point of general vestibular physiology.
Seroepidemiology of Human Hydatidosis Using AgB-ELISA Test in Arak, Central Iran

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: On the continuation of sorting the puzzle of the situation of hydatid disease in Iran and considering that so far no survey was conducted in this context in Arak City, Markazi Province central Iran, the present study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of human hydatidosis using AgB-ELISA test.Methods: Totally 578 serum samples randomly were collected from patients referred to hospitals and different health centers in the city and 3 nearby villages of Arak. All sera were examined by ELISA tests using AgB. Before sampling, a questionnaire was filled out for each case. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression for risk factors analysis. P<0.05 was considered significant.Results: Cut-off value was calculated 0.32. Twenty cases (3.46%) were seropositive for hydatidosis in the region. This rate for females was 3.99% and for males 2.26%, respectively. There was no significant difference as regards all factors studied except location (P<0.001). As for job, farmers and ranchmen had the highest rate of infection as 6.67%. The seropositivity rate infection was 4.8% in illiterate people, which showed the highest rate. As regards residency, rural life showed significant difference with urban life (1.5% vs. 7 %). Age group of 40-49 yr old (6.25%) had the highest rate of positivity.Conclusion: The rate of prevalence in this region shows more or less the same range with other cities of Iran. Obtained result might assist the policy makers to take sanitary measures to control the disease.
Chorioretinitis sclopetaria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 26-year-old male who had a history of trauma to the right eye 6 years ago that manifested in damage to the retina, causing chorioretinitis sclopetaria. His visual acuity was counting fingers in his right eye and 20/20 in his left eye. Intraocular pressure was normal in both eyes. Ophthalmic examination the retina showed a large fibrogliotic lesion associated with hyperpigmentation (figure 1). The left eye and the rest of the physical examination were entirely normal. Sclopetaria is a secondary outcome of a decelerating object passing at a high velocity adjacent to the sclera. While passing close to the globe, after shock forces are generated, rupturing of the choroid and retina occurs (concussion type of injury). The sclera remains intact. Vitreous hemorrhage may occur. The process usually ends up with a white fibrous scar and/or retinal pigmentary alterations that are often the final findings in this situation. The location is mostly at the site adjacent to the trajectory combined with part of the macula.
THE TONSIL AND ADENOID QUESTION AS SEEN BY THE OTOLOGIST

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

With the change in otolaryngological practice, due to the advent of the antibiotics, it is an appropriate time to take a new look at the tonsil and adenoid problem from the otologist's viewpoint. This is particularly true in the light of the new emphasis on conservation of hearing that has come to the foreground in the past 10 years. In the past, tonsil and adenoid operations were often done without too much study and consideration of the need for their removal. The operation frequently was done rapidly and sometimes carelessly. Operatively, time was often given prime importance. Each tonsil was removed with a single manipulation of a guillotine, and the adenoids extracted with not much more than two or three swipes with a LaForce adenotome or an adenoid curet. I have seen the operation done in less than a minute. An operator with a good team of anesthetists and nurses
João Paulo Borges Coelho, João Albasini And The Worlding Of Mozambican Literature

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In O Olho de Hertzog (2010), set in the immediate aftermath of the First World War, the Mozambican writer João Paulo Borges Coelho presents a cosmopolitan panorama of colonial south-eastern Africa. «Mozambique» emerges here not primarily as a Portuguese colonial space but as a site of multiple
entanglements between interests: transnational and local, European and African, South African and Mozambican, British and German, colonial and proto-nationalist. In such a way, and differently from previous Mozambican literature, O Olho de Hertzog performs a complex act of worlding that exceeds the bounded colonial/ national space of Mozambique, but resists synthesis. This cosmopolitanism can be read expressive of the strained relations and constitutive hierarchies of
colonial society as well as, by implication, of contemporary globalisation. The most important index of such a critical cosmopolitanism is the trope of the «two worlds» of Lourenço Marques, embodied in the central character João Albasini, legendary mestiço activist and founder of the proto-nationalist journal O Brado Africano (1918-1974). Albasini functions as a Virgil for the protagonist Hans Mahrenholz’s descent into the colonial inferno of Mozambique. Not least by
citing documentary material –Albasini’s editorials and shop signs in Lourenço Marques– Coelho problematises the divisions of the colonial city, sustained by international capital, and provides a sharp contrast to the otherwise dominant «European» narrative of novel, which revolves around a fabled diamond and white South African intrigue.
Anticardiolipin antibodies and acute alcoholic intoxication

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Many clinical features have been associated with the antiphospholipid antibodies. In a preliminary prospective study, among 1014 consecutive patients admitted to a Medicine Department, 72 (7.1%) patients were found to be anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) positive. Eight ( 11 %) of these aCL positive patients had alcoholic intoxication. Chronic alcoholism is known to be associated with a high prevalence of autoimmune disorders. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of aCL in patients with acute alcoholic intoxication. Sixty two patients (13 women; 49 men), mean age 35 years (range 17-63 years) referred to the emergency care unit were studied. A control population of 62 apparently healthy subjects, age and sex matched, were also tested. Alcoholaemia, aCL, antinuclear antibodies (ANA), Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) and Treponema pallidum immobilisation (TPHA) were determined. The mean alcoholaemia among all patients tested was 2.35 g l -1 (range 0.1-4). aCL were found positive in 10 patients (16%); eight men and two women. Seven patients had aCL IgG level of ≥ 15 UG PL/ml while two had IgM level of ≥ 12.5 UMPL/ml. One had both elevated aCL IgG and IgM. Statistical analysis confirmed that aCL positivity is more frequently encountered in alcoholic patients compared with an age and sex matched population (P = 0.0298). Among alcoholic patients, 12 (19%) had ANA. Four of them were VDRL positive while all were TPHA negative. Two of the 62 control subjects were found aCL positive. From these data, it can be concluded that increased aCL levels are frequently associated with acute alcoholic abuse.
Pre-feasibility study of a grid connected wind-PV hybrid system with energy storage and power prediction.

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

A simulation system using Matlab/ Simulink® for battery sizing in grid-connected renewable generation is compared with results from the optimization tool HOMER. The system is intended to reinforce remote weak distribution grids. The power injection of the hybrid generation system to the grid is defined by a power prediction method. The battery smoothes the power output and absorbs the prediction errors. As a reference, a wind – battery system is chosen. The impact of the integration of photovoltaic generation is studied. As an example for the meteorological conditions, wind data from the airport and solar irradiation mean values for Zaragoza are applied. Simulated renewable power ranges from 600 kW to 1.1 MW. The battery sizes obtained from the Matlab simulation differ substantially from HOMER results but show similarities. This is due to the difference in the battery models. Integration of solar generation can reduce battery size relative to total installed power and also reduce total cost of generated energy.
Discussion Paper No. 491 VOLUNTARY PARTICIPATION AND SPITE IN PUBLIC GOOD PROVISION EXPERIMENTS: AN INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper studies public good provision in the laboratory using the voluntary contribution mechanism, in a cross-cultural experiment conducted in the United States and Japan. Our environment differs from the standard voluntary contribution mechanism because subjects first decide whether or not to participate in providing this public good. This participation decision is conveyed to the other subject prior to the subjects ’ contribution decisions. We find that only the American data support the evolutionary stable strategy Nash equilibrium predictions, and that behavior is significantly different across countries. Japanese subjects are more likely to act spitefully in the early periods of the experiment, even though our design changes subject pairings each period so that subjects never interact twice with the same opponent. Surprisingly, this spiteful behavior eventually leads to more efficient public good contributions for Japanese subjects than for American subjects.
Epitaxial ZnO on p-Si and its MSM Structure Photoconductive Ultraviolet Detector

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this work, a plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy (PA-MBE) was used to prepare high-quality ZnO thin films on p-type silicon substrates. Be/BeO composite buffer layers were designed to improve the crystal quality of ZnO thin films. Based on the ZnO thin films, we fabricated interdigitated electrode MSM structure photoconductive UV detector by lithography, electron beam evaporation and other traditional semiconductor processes. In addition, dark current, spectral response of the UV detector were measured by responsivity testing system to explore the application of ZnO based UV detectors.
Research Article Audiogenic Seizures Potentiate Hippocampal Neuronal Loss in Ethanol-Dependent Rats

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective: Audiogenic seizure (AS) susceptibility is observed following withdrawal from chronic ethanol treatment in rodents. This is the first study to investigate and compare the effects of ethanol withdrawal on the hippocampal formation in AS appeared and non-appeared animals. Material and Methods: Adult male Wistar rats (225-320 g) were used. Ethanol was given to rats in a modified liquid diet for twenty days. Daily ethanol consumption was in a range of 10.35±1.25 to 15.20±0.79 g/kg during the exposure to ethanol (7.2%). At the end of exposure to a 7.2 % ethanol-containing liquid diet, ethanol was withdrawn and withdrawal signs were recorded or rated. Increased stereotyped behavior, wet dog shakes, agitation, tail-stiffness and abnormal posture and gait appeared during ethanol withdrawal in dependent rats. AS was also induced in 5 of 11 of ethanol dependent rats. Following audiogenic stimuli, rats were decapitated and their brains were removed. Neuron counts from pyramidal cell layers in CA1 and CA2-3 regions of the hippocampus were obtained from control rats and ethanol-dependent rats with and without audiogenic seizure. Results: Significant neuronal losses were found in CA1 and CA2-3 regions of the
Aplikasi E-Comerce Produk UMKM menggunakan Metode Filtrasi Kolaboratif berbasis Mobile

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (UMKM) in Tebing Tinggi City, North Sumatra have great potential to encourage local economic growth. However, most UMKM in this city still face obstacles in marketing their products online. This research aims to develop a mobile-based e-commerce application with a collaborative filtration method for local UMKM to increase sales and turnover. The type of research is Research and Development (R&D) using the waterfall model including requirements analysis, system design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. The data analysis used includes a collaborative filtration method to recommend products to users based on the highest rating of all UMKM products on the application. Needs analysis through observation, interviews, and literature study. Design using UML diagrams. The implementation applies collaborative filtration for product recommendations based on user preferences, and functionality testing using black boxes. This research produces an e-commerce application that can provide product recommendations that are relevant and by user preferences based on the highest rating patterns and similar behavior of other users. Apart from that, this application also runs smoothly without any problems after black box testing.
Emission of Energetic Secondary Electrons Produced by 1.3-Mev Electron Bombardment

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The emission of energetic secondary electrons (delta rays or knock-on electrons) produced by 1.3-Mev primaries which penetrate thin targets with negligible mean energy loss has been investigated. These have previously not been observable in the customary thick-target experiments because of the inherent impossibility of distinguishing between true secondaries and reflected primaries which have suffered large energy losses. The present arrangement does not record back-scattered primaries, but only emitted electrons. The delta ray yields from various targets (Al, Ni, Au, Ag, Cu, C) ranging in thickness from 5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ to ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ in. have been measured. The determinations of $\frac{{I}_{\ensuremath{\delta}}}{{I}_{P}}$ vary between 0.3 percent and 2.1 percent independent of surface treatment, and there is only a small dependence of the yield upon target material for an equivalent thickness expressed in mg ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$. For 45.8 mg ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ Ni, the delta ray yield is 2.08\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.15 percent. This may be compared with 1.48\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.25 percent, the yield of low-energy secondaries as measured with the cleanest surface attainable in the demountable experimental tube.
Monitoring of respiratory function before and after cardiopulmonary bypass using side-stream spirometry

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pulmonary impairment is more frequent after cardiac surgery than after other major surgical procedures. The present study investigates whether, by using standard respiratory monitoring, i.e. side-stream spirometry and blood gas analysis, it is possible to detect changes in pulmonary function secondary to cardiopulmonary bypass. We investigated 18 patients undergoing elective coronary bypass surgery or aortic valve replacement. Cardiopulmonary bypass resulted in a nonsignificant increase in alveolar-arterial oxygen difference from 33.0 ± 10.6 kPa to 36.1 ± 12.5 kPa and arterial to end-tidal CO2 tension difference from 0.67 ± 0.39 kPa to 0.79 ± 0.54 kPa. Respiratory system resistance was unaltered. In contrast, dynamic compliance decreased significantly after cardiopulmonary bypass from 78.6 ± 22.9 to 65.4 ± 22.4 mL cmH2O−1 with open chest and from 61.0 ± 10.2 to 51.1 ± 17.2 mL cmH2O−1 with closed chest, compared with corresponding values before cardiopulmonary bypass. In conclusion, pulmonary gas exchange was not compromised after cardiopulmonary bypass, but a diminished respiratory compliance was a consistent finding, even in uncomplicated cardiac surgery using routine respiratory monitoring.
TUTORIAL IN BIOSTATISTICS Multilevel modelling of medical data

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This tutorial presents an overview of multilevel or hierarchical data modelling and its applications in medicine. A description of the basic model for nested data is given and it is shown how this can be extended to t exible models for repeated measures data and more complex structures involving cross-classications and multiple membership patterns within the software package MLwiN. A variety of response types are covered and both frequentist and Bayesian estimation methods are described. Copyright? 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
The General Case of Linear Integro-Differential Equations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The staggering biodiversity of angiosperms has been difficult to reconcile with the gradual Darwinian process thought to create it. Changes in climate through the Earth’s history could have instigated this diversification, but perceived ...Although climate change has been implicated as a major catalyst of diversification, its effects are thought to be inconsistent and much less pervasive than localized climate or the accumulation of species with time. Focused analyses of highly speciose ...
Micro credit in India: an overview

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The present paper reviews origin, development and growth of the micro credit programme in India. The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development in India launched its pilot phase of the Self Help Group Bank Linkage programme in 1992. Self Help Groups have been recognised by the policy makers as the effective conduits for accomplishing the distributional objectives of monetary policy. The SHG-bank linkage programme has emerged as the largest micro credit programme in the world. The programme has made rapid progress since its inception in 1992. The progress under the SHG-Bank linkage programme has been quite impressive. Nearly 16.7 million families were assisted through this programme and 1079091 Self Help Groups were provided with bank loans. Total amounts of 867 million US$ were given to the Self Help Groups for employment generating activities. NGOs have emerged as effective change agents by organising, nurturing and stabilising SHGs and affecting their linkage with banks as also by adopting other delivery mechanisms for providing financial services directly or indirectly to the poor.
Liposomal Bupivacaine Injection Technique in Total Knee Arthroplasty

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Liposomal bupivacaine has gained popularity for pain control after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), yet its true efficacy remains unproven. We compared the efficacy of two different periarticular injection (PAI) techniques for liposomal bupivacaine with a conventional PAI control group. This retrospective cohort study compared consecutive patients undergoing TKA with a manufacturer-recommended, optimized injection technique for liposomal bupivacaine, a traditional injection technique for liposomal bupivacaine, and a conventional PAI of ropivacaine, morphine, and epinephrine. The optimized technique utilized a smaller gauge needle and more injection sites. Self-reported pain scores, rescue opioids, and side effects were compared. There were 41 patients in the liposomal bupivacaine optimized injection group, 60 in the liposomal bupivacaine traditional injection group, and 184 in the conventional PAI control group. PAI liposomal bupivacaine delivered via manufacturer-recommended technique offered no benefit over PAI ropivacaine, morphine, and epinephrine. Mean pain scores and the proportions reporting no or mild pain, time to first opioid, and amount of opioids consumed were not better with PAI liposomal bupivacaine compared with PAI ropivacaine, morphine, and epinephrine. The use of the manufacturer-recommended technique for PAI of liposomal bupivacaine does not offer benefit over a conventional, less expensive PAI during TKA.