jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Agrodiversity: scales and values

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

As members of PLEC we tend to hear complaints from most smallholder farmers that currently it is hard to make a living by producing crops. Farmers mention that these days what they produce buys less and less sugar, salt, medicines and other household goods. Data collected by PLEC members in the last five years demonstrate that farmers ’ crops are falling in value; they are not producing less. PLEC-Peru researchers, for instance, have found that in 1995 the families of the Muyuy Sector could buy two kilograms of sugar, a litre of cooking oil and a kilogram of salt with what they gained from selling a bunch of plantain. In December 2003, the same families needed to sell three bunches of plantain to buy the same amount of sugar, cooking oil and salt. These are just some of the data that PLEC can provide to the experts and policy makers who design and implement development and conservation programs. Based on PLEC results we believe that the fundamental challenge for developing countries is not only to increase food production but also to protect the value of what poor farmers are producing. How can agriculture be economically attractive for smallholders? How can the livelihoods of the rural poor improve and ecological vulnerability be reduced in developing countries when industrially produced and cheap grains and other staples are increasingly supplying markets? Are most rural development experts looking at the problem in the best way? During the last year PLEC members have participated in a series of international, national and regional events that were organized to find the answers to these questions. Most of what was discussed in the meetings was related to increasing food production. We brought to these meetings the complaints of smallholder farmers from twelve countries about the decline in the value of their products, and the dismissal of their production technologies as incapable of meeting
Religious Authorities in the Military and Civilian Control

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article takes a step toward filling the gap in the scholarly literature by examining the impact of religious intervention in the military on civil-military relations. Using the case of Israel, I argue that although the subordination of the Israeli military to elected civilians has remained intact, and the supreme command has been mostly secular, external religious authorities operate within the formal chain of command and in tandem with the formal authorities, managing the military affairs. This religious influence is apparent in three major domains: (1) the theological influence on military deployment, (2) the exclusion of women from equal participation in military service, and (3) the role expansion of the Military Rabbinate as a quasi-state agency and its reflection in the socialization of secular soldiers and the development of alternative military ethics. Consequently, extra-institutional control of the military is at work.
Extraction of nonlinearity in neural networks with Koopman operator

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Nonlinearity plays a crucial role in deep neural networks. In this paper, we investigate the degree to which the nonlinearity of the neural network is essential. For this purpose, we employ the Koopman operator, extended dynamic mode decomposition, and the tensor-train format. The Koopman operator approach has been recently developed in physics and nonlinear sciences; the Koopman operator deals with the time evolution in the observable space instead of the state space. Since we can replace the nonlinearity in the state space with the linearity in the observable space, it is a hopeful candidate for understanding complex behavior in nonlinear systems. Here, we analyze learned neural networks for the classification problems. As a result, the replacement of the nonlinear middle layers with the Koopman matrix yields enough accuracy in numerical experiments. In addition, we confirm that the pruning of the Koopman matrix gives sufficient accuracy even at high compression ratios. These results indicate the possibility of extracting some features in the neural networks with the Koopman operator approach.
Nutritional Education and its Impact in the Copalacaya, Choquenaira, Callisaya and Muruamaya Communities of La Paz

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This investigation was conducted with the collaboration of the authorities of the Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética (UMSA) and the Institute of Agriculture and Food Science Ezra Taft Benson. The general secretaries, mayor scholars Management 1998, rural professors and farmers of the communities of Copalacaya, Choquenaira, Callisaya and Muruamaya of the province of Ingavi of the Department of La Paz. It has been very gratifying for the author to carry out this research in said communities, in addition to knowing the reality in which these farmers live, with whose collaboration valuable information was collected that permitted an analysis on the education, social and food situation that are present. The document that offers the dissemination, confirms that it the work performed by the investigator is important, applying to the education to improve to a certain extent the food situation of these families. I desire that this study be fruitful for the career of Nutrition and Dietetics of UMSA. The institute of Agriculture and Food Sciences Ezra Taft Benson, as for any institution that wants to take as a point of reference for further research. My message of OVERCOMING in diverse manual, social and cultural areas goes to farming mothers; and this in every moment of life.
Optimum Toroidal Phasing for Stable Loading of an ICRF Wave in JT-60

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The propagation and absorption of the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) waves, which are launched by toroidal-phased antennas, were studied in a JT-60 plasma. The second ion cyclotron resonance in a one-dimensional pure hydrogen plasma was considered by solving the kinetic wave equation. The dependence of the loading resistance on the antenna phasing as well as on the plasma parameters was obtained by numerical calculation. A model of a transmission line was introduced in our analysis. The optimum phasing and the plasma parameter region were obtained for a stable loading. Furthermore, it is shown that a combined heating with the neutral beam injection (NBI) makes the stable loading region wider.
The dybbuk and the ikota: similarity and difference in Jewish and Slavic traditions about the possession of an evil spirit

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Both the dybbuk and the ikota are mythological spirits which possess a person whom they force to speak in a voice that is not his or hers. They have common transitional, liminal features to a greater degree than many other mythological creatures in Jewish and Slavic traditions. A comparative typology of these Jewish and Slavic demonological creatures, describing them according to their main features and functions, reveals some remarkable parallels between them. The comparative categorization will facilitate the elucidation of the specific features of each of the creatures and universal features that characterize all demonological creatures with a similar characteristic.
Influence of Temperature and Increasing Traffic Flow on the Fatigue Damage of Welded Bridge Decks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Fatigue life assessment of critical bridge members using online monitoring data has been investigated in recent years. To make a quick and efficient evaluation, a representative block of strain cycles is usually defined. However, such block sometimes fails to cover the change in fatigue damage by temperature fluctuation and traffic growth, which is important to the life prediction of the welds in a long-span suspension bridge. To find the influence of temperature and traffic volume on the fatigue damage, an equivalent vehicle load method is dedicated through finite element analysis, and the statistical disposition of traffic flow has been conducted, using data from the Runyang Bridge. The influence of traffic growth can be estimated and eliminated from the total damage so that the temperature effect on the fatigue damage is finally obtained. It is found that temperature has a linear effect on the fatigue damage. According to the fitted relationship between fatigue damage, temperature and the traffic flow, a more objective fatigue assessment is undertaken, based on the rain-flow counting method and the Palgren-Miner rule.
The Life of Raycho Nikolov in Light of New Sources: Hero of Three Wars and Three Countries

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Raycho Nikolov is among the builders of the modern Bulgarian army, a typical person of the nineteenth century, charged with ardent patriotism driving him to brave exploits on the battlefields. This work observes the life of this man, a popular hero in Bulgaria and Russia, involved in military conflicts also in Poland and Serbia. Strangely, his popularity has not led to serious scholarly research so far, and until recently, knowledge about him was shrouded in obscurity. The present study of a long-unused collection of his documental heritage at the Plovdiv Regional History Museum reveals various misunderstandings and wrong interpretations by previous researchers, who in many cases created an image far removed from the actual one.
Multi-objective particle swarm optimization on computer grids

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, a number of authors have successfully extended particle swarmoptimization to problem domains with multiple objec\-tives. This paper addresses theissue of parallelizing multi-objec\-tive particle swarms. We propose and empirically comparetwo parallel versions which differ in the way they divide the swarminto subswarms that can be processed independently on differentprocessors. One of the variants works asynchronouslyand is thus particularly suitable for heterogeneous computer clusters asoccurring e.g. in moderngrid computing platforms.
Image_4_Metagenomics of Coral Reefs Under Phase Shift and High Hydrodynamics.TIF

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

<p>Local and global stressors have affected coral reef ecosystems worldwide. Switches from coral to algal dominance states and microbialization are the major processes underlying the global decline of coral reefs. However, most of the knowledge concerning microbialization has not considered physical disturbances (e.g., typhoons, waves, and currents). Southern Japan reef systems have developed under extreme physical disturbances. Here, we present analyses of a three-year investigation on the coral reefs of Ishigaki Island that comprised benthic and fish surveys, water quality analyses, metagenomics and microbial abundance data. At the four studied sites, inorganic nutrient concentrations were high and exceeded eutrophication thresholds. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration (up to 233.3 μM) and microbial abundance (up to 2.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> cell/mL) values were relatively high. The highest vibrio counts coincided with the highest turf cover (∼55–85%) and the lowest coral cover (∼4.4–10.2%) and fish biomass (0.06 individuals/m<sup>2</sup>). Microbiome compositions were similar among all sites and were dominated by heterotrophs. Our data suggest that a synergic effect among several regional stressors are driving coral decline. In a high hydrodynamics reef environment, high algal/turf cover, stimulated by eutrophication and low fish abundance due to overfishing, promote microbialization. Together with crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS) outbreaks and possible of climate changes impacts, theses coral reefs are likely to collapse.</p>
Development of applications for mobile devices

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Health problems like chronic diseases become a big issue to people nowadays. Monitoring the chronic diseases daily or has frequently monitor is a good way to track health condition and can provide an alert to the patient when health condition is worsening. Traditionally, people use a paper system to record the vital sign reading, but it is an inefficient way as people find it troublesome to do it daily and keeping the record. As a result, Personal Health Profile application has become popular for the individual to monitor chronic diseases. Such application only allows user manually to enter reading for both free of charge and pay version of applications. The objective of this project is to design and develop a free of charge application for people. Overall, the application is able to receive data from a health device with Bluetooth enabled. Next, the application is also able to support multiple users, multiple chronic disease monitoring using a line chart and multiple languages. Follow by, the application also lets the user manage their data and user account. Lastly, the application is simple, interactive and error free to use. Overall, the application was developed in Android, Java language using the Eclipse Software Development Kit.
[Clinical features and gene mutations of 6 patients with carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A deficiency].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The clinical and biochemical data and gene sequencing results of patients with carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A deficiency were analyzed, in order to improve the understanding of the disease. Six patients (5 males and 1 female, aged from 1 to 8 years old) with carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A deficiency from Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Xinhua Hospital between 2008 and 2019 were included. Two cases were detected by neonatal screening and had no clinical symptoms. The remaining 4 cases all showed seizures induced by fever, vomiting or diarrhea. All the 6 patients showed increased serum free carnitine (C0), decreased hexadecanoylcarnitine (C16) and octadecanoylcarnitine (C18), and increased C0/(C16+C18). Meanwhile, compound heterozygous mutations of CPT1A gene were detected in all 6 patients, of which 2 were reported mutations (c.281+1G>A and c.968-8C>T), and 10 were new mutations. The new mutations included 6 missense mutations, 1 nonsense mutation, 1 deletion mutation and 2 splicing mutations. Detection of free carnitine and acyl carnitine by tandem mass spectrometry is helpful for early screening and diagnosis of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A deficiency.本文通过分析肉碱棕榈酰转移酶1A（CPT1A）缺乏症患儿的临床、生化资料及基因测序结果，以提高临床医师对该病的认识。2008至2019年上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院儿童内分泌遗传代谢科CPT1A缺乏症患儿6例，男5例，女1例，年龄1~8岁。2例由新生儿筛查发现，无临床症状，另4例均以“发热或呕吐、腹泻”为诱因，以“抽搐”为突出症状。患儿血游离肉碱（C0）升高，十六碳酰基肉碱（C16）、十八碳酰基肉碱（C18）降低，C0/（C16+C18）升高。6例患儿均检测到CPT1A基因复合杂合突变，其中2种为已报道突变（c.281+1G>A和c.968-8C>T），10种为新报道突变。新报道突变包含6种错义突变，1种无义突变，1种缺失突变及2种剪切突变。血串联质谱游离肉碱与酰基肉碱检测有助于早期筛查和诊断。.
CPW-Fed Koch Fractal Slot Antenna for WLAN/WiMAX Applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A dual wide-band CPW-fed modified Koch fractal printed slot antenna, suitable for WLAN and WiMAX operations, is proposed in this paper. Here, the operating frequency of a triangular slot antenna is lowered by the Koch iteration technique resulting in a compact antenna. Studies on the impedance and radiation characteristics of the proposed antenna indicate that a modified Koch fractal slot antenna has an impedance bandwidth from 2.38 to 3.95 GHz and 4.95-6.05 GHz covering 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN bands and the 2.5/3.5/5.5 GHz WiMAX bands. The antenna exhibits omnidirectional radiation coverage with a gain better than 2.0 dBi in the entire operating band. Empirical relations are deduced and compared with the results.
Cordyceps sinensis attenuates renal fibrosis and suppresses BAG3 induction in obstructed rat kidney.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

BAG3 regulates a number of cellular processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion and migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the role of BAG3 in renal tubular EMT and renal interstitial fibrosis remains elusive. This study aimed to examine the dynamic expression of BAG3 during renal fibrosis, and to investigate the efficacy of Cordyceps sinensis (C. sinensis) on renal fibrosis. A rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) was established, and the expression of BAG3 and α-SMA, and the efficacy of C. sinensis on renal fibrosis induced by UUO were examined. The results showed that UUO led to collagen accumulation, which was significantly suppressed by C. sinensis. UUO increased the expression of BAG3 and α-SMA, a mesenchymal marker, while UUO induced BAG3 and α-SMA expression was significantly inhibited by C. sinensis. In addition, immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that BAG3 immunoreactivity was restricted to tubular epithelium. In conclusion, BAG3 is a potential target for the prevention and/or treatment of renal fibrosis, and C. Sinensis is a promising agent for renal fibrosis.
Development of Interactive Web Based Multimedia for Online Learning in Elementary School

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research aim to produce interactive multimedia web-based teaching materials as a support for online learning for elementary school students that are valid according to media experts and material experts.This study uses a development research method that adapts the theory of Borg and Gall.The steps taken to produce this interactive web-based multimedia product are: Preliminary Study; Planning; Product Initial Draft Development; Initial Product Draft Trial; Major Product Revisions; Main Product Trial; Final Revision; Implementation.Web based interactive multimedia was developed using the nearpod application embedded in the website.Based on material expert validation, 90.5% was obtained with a very valid category.Media expert validation, obtained a percentage of 92.25% with a very valid category.
The Effect of Gender Role Stereotype on Unauthorized photography in Adolescents : Moderating Effect of Sexual Violence Perceptions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

이 논문의 목적은 청소년의 성역할 고정관념과 성폭력에 대한 인식이 청소년의 불법촬영 행위 경험에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 분석하는 것이다. 불법촬영 문제에 있어서 청소년의 비율이 높은 편에 해당하고, 일명 N번방 사건에서 역시 가해자 중 높은 비율이 청소년임이 밝혀져, 청소년의 불법촬영문제의 원인을 파악하는 일이 중요해졌다. 이에 선행연구 분석을 통해 불법촬영은 성범죄와 매우 밀접한 범죄적 행위이기 때문에, 청소년의 성가치관에 초점 을 맞추고자 하였다. 이에 성범죄에 영향을 미친다고 밝혀진 성역할고정관념과 성폭력 인식 이 청소년의 불법촬영행위에도 영향을 미칠 것이라 가정하였다. 이를 검증하기 위하여｢부산 지역 청소년 성문화 실태조사, 2021｣의 원자료를 활용하여 로지스틱 회귀분석과 PROCESS macro 매개분석을 진행하였다. 분석 결과 청소년의 양성평등인식은 성폭력인식을 매개하여 불법촬영경험에 영향을 주는 것으로 확인되었다. 즉, 성역할에 대한 고정관념이 강한 청소년 은 성폭력에 대한 잘못된 통념을 가질 가능성이 높았으며, 이러한 통념이 형성된 청소년은 불법촬영가해를 할 가능성이 높아진다는 것이 드러났다. 마지막으로 이 논문에서는 분석결과 를 바탕으로 메타버스 및 SNS를 통한 청소년의 불법촬영 교육 강화, 성인지 감수성 교육 프 로그램 운영의 확대운영 등 대책을 논하였다.
Prospective comparison of double-contrast barium meal examination and fibreoptic endoscopy in acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fibre-optic endoscopy was compared prospectively with double-contrast radiology in 53 consecutive patients admitted with acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage. The bleeding site was correctly identified by endoscopy in 94% of patients and the final diagnosis was correctly given in 89%. The corresponding figures with radiology were 83% and 74%. Among the 50 patients with a final diagnosis of a bleeding site in the upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy indicated the site of bleeding in all and radiology indicated it in 88%. Both investigations were well tolerated by patients. Endoscopy is the investigation of choice, but when it is not available double-contrast radiology will show the site of bleeding in 80-90% of patients.
Rapid radio: A framework for human-assisted signal classification and receiver implementation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An analysis-based framework for the rapid development of a radio receiver for signals with unknown parameters is pro-posed, exploiting the reconfiguration capabilities of FPGAs. The framework guides a non-expert user through the process of signal classification and FPGA-based receiver implementation. System efficiency is traded off with implementation time in order to allow fast radio creation. A set of high-level transformations are applied to the unknown signal based on different hypothesis about the modulation scheme. The results of the transformations are presented to the user, who can steer the process of analysis. The parameters of the radio are then mapped by means of an Implementation Engine to modules implemented in a general purpose FPGA-based receiver.
Identification of Underachievers in Hong Kong: Do different methods select different underachievers?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Although academic underachievement is a familiar topic in educational research, there is no consensus on how underachievers should be selected. This study aimed to compare different selection methods, absolute split method, simple difference score method, regression method and nomination, in the identification of underachievers from a sample of 126 Chinese Grade 7 students. The results indicated that the three different statistical methods showed high congruence in selecting underachievers, but nomination selected a different group of underachievers. It was suggested that, depending on research or intervention purposes, information from statistical methods and nomination might combine to provide a more comprehensive identification procedure.</br>[Copyright of Educational Studies is the property of Routledge. Full article may be available at the publisher's website: </br>http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03055690120050419]
Tree coding of image sub-bands

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

It is proved that optimal coding of image subbands achieves the ultimate rate-distortion performance for Gaussian sources with squared-error distortion. Optimal performance is achieved only asymptotically with infinite-size source sequences. The approach of the rate-distortion function of finite-size sequences to its limit is investigated and a bound is derived that shows a potentially closer approach for coding subbands that for the full band. A suboptimal realization of an optimal tree coding method is used to encode both the full-band image and its subbands at 1.0 bit per pixel. The subband tree-coded image is more than 2 dB better in SNR and its overall performance is nearly comparable to that of the best schemes known to date.< >