jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Contribution of Banana Production on Household Income Generation Among Smallholder Farmers in Kitagata Town Council, Sheema District

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study was about contribution of banana production on house hold income generation among Smallholder farmers in Kitagata town council, Sheema District. The specific objectives included to; examine the socio-economic characteristics of smallholder banana farmers, establish innovative strategies to improve banana production and income among smallholder banana farmers and identify the factors affecting banana production and income among smallholder banana farmers. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey that applied both quantitative and qualitative approaches for data collection. Data was captured from a sample of 302 respondents using both questionnaire and interviews. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 22.0 to generate both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study concluded that there were socio-economic characteristics of farmers which also affected banana production. Such characteristics included; age, marital status, level of education land size and gender. The study also concluded that there were innovative strategies to improve banana production and income among smallholder banana farmers in Kitagata town council, Sheema district. These included; Integrated Pest Management, use of hybrid varieties, Irrigation, mulching, climate-Smart Agriculture through use of drought resistant varieties, agro-forestry, use of fertilizer application and organic manure to replenish soil fertility. The study finally concluded that there were factors affecting banana production and income among smallholder banana farmers. Such as; access to extension and advisory services which had a significant effect on production and smallholder farmer’s income at (p=.004), access to financial services was a strong predictor of production improvement and farmer’s income at (p=.002), a positive and a significant relationship were observed between availability of quality farm inputs and banana production (at p=.023), The study further discovered that ready market was a strong predictor of production and small holder farmer’s income at (p=.003) and Lastly, a positive and a significant relationship were observed between banana varieties grown and banana production as well as income at (p=.005). The study recommends that the government, NGOs, Ministry of Agriculture, Animal, Industry and Fisheries in collaboration be established with the aim of implementing innovative agricultural strategies geared towards banana productivity increments, there is also a need for the government to provide enough facilities to extension agents that will help them facilitate enhanced training to farmers and inform them of new techniques in farming, there is a need for the government to provide some production inputs at subsidized cost.
Spontaneous Malignant T Cell Lymphoma in a Young Male Common Marmoset (<i>Callithrix jacchus</i>)

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

We histopathologically and immunohistochemically investigated a case of malignant lymphoma that spontaneously developed in a male common marmoset at two years of age. Beginning at two years four months of age, the animal had an enlargement of the submandibular and inguinal lymph nodes, small subcutaneous nodules near the right breast and an approximately fivefold increase in peripheral lymphocyte count compared with the previous examination value. The postmortem findings at two years eight months of age showed lymphadenopathy with enlargement of the thymus and spleen. Small- to intermediate-sized neoplastic lymphocytes had diffusely proliferated in the enlarged nodes. The neoplastic cells were pleomorphic and had irregularly shaped nuclei. The nuclear chromatin staining revealed hyperchromatism in the small-sized cells, and the intermediate-sized cells exhibited vesicular staining. An immunohistochemical examination indicated that the neoplastic lymphocytes were positive for CD3 and negative for CD20, thus suggesting that they had originated from T cells. In addition, the proliferation of high endothelial venules and reactive epithelioid histiocytes was observed. Scattered tingible body-laden macrophages were infrequently detected. Neoplastic lymphocytes were also observed in the thymus, spleen, heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, adrenal glands and femoral and sternal bone marrow. This malignant lymphoma in a young male common marmoset was considered to fit the category of "peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS)" according to the new WHO system of classification.
Variable response of interspecific breeding lines of groundnut to Sclerotium rolfsii infection under field and laboratory conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Evaluation of interspecific derivatives of groundnut was carried out under field and laboratory conditions for stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii during rainy and post-rainy seasons from 2005-2008. Disease incidence was higher during rainy compared to post-rainy season. During initial screening of interspecific derivatives for stem rot under sick plot, 42 lines were found to be promising with no disease incidence. Advanced screening of these promising lines was carried out in concrete block with sick soil under field conditions and earthen pot with sick soil under lab conditions. Interspecific lines NRCGCS-47, NRCGCS-99, NRCGCS-131 and NRCGCS-319 were found promising against stem rot during early stages and later stages of crop growth. Out of which interspecific line NRCGCS-319 was found to be most stable one with comparatively lower pooled disease incidence over concrete block and laboratory conditions.
Nikolaj Christensen, Global Initiator in DMS, 1997-98. (For some years, DMS;Danmission has use...

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Nikolaj Christensen, Global Initiator in DMS, 1997-98. (For some years, DMS;Danmission has used Global Initiators: Young people sent to program areas for short-term assignments, followed by engagement in homework of the Mission).
Evaluating schematic route maps in wayfinding tasks for in-car navigation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Today's navigation systems use topographic maps to communicate route information. Being general-purpose maps, topographic maps lack optimal support for the specific task of route reading and navigation. In the public transportation domain, research demonstrated that topographic maps do not support planning of routes as good as schematic maps. Our current paper applies this idea to the domain of in-car navigation. Schematic maps emphasize functional aspects of geography and direction information by highlighting information relevant to navigation actions and orientation. However, there is a lack of systematic studies researching the usability of schematic cartography in wayfinding tasks. This article evaluates schematic route maps, created with an algorithm developed in our previous work, regarding user interaction, navigation performance, and spatial memorability. We compare these schematic maps with correspondent non-schematic ones in two different tasks: prospective and situated (driving simulator) route reading. The schematic map and the corresponding non-schematic map are identical in terms of their elements and topology; they vary only in their geometric shape: on the schematic maps, features are highly generalized, following schematic simplification rules for clarity. The experimental data shows that participants using the schematic route maps require fewer map interactions to complete the tasks, orientation information is more visible and leads to more accurate spatial knowledge acquisition. This result contributes to a better understanding of schematic route visualizations' benefits to support users in wayfinding and orientation tasks.
A qualitative inquiry of clinicians' relational experiences within a perinatal infant mental health service contextualised with quantitative analysis of outcome measures

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Literature highlights the perinatal period as a time of increased risk for mothers and infants, particularly those who have additional psychological and social risk factors. Enquiry reports underscore poor outcomes and service engagement for mothers from marginalized social contexts wherein relationships with services can be characterized by avoidance, distrust and silencing. Nuanced understandings of these relational processes are lacking and important to explore in the context of research supporting the therapist-parent relationship as a mechanism of therapeutic change. Within a Perinatal Infant Mental Health Service (PIMHS), this research aimed to explore clinicians’ relational experiences with the mothers and infants they work with, and their reflections on therapeutic change, and contextualize this with analysis of quantitative outcomes for mothers and infants engaged in PIMHS interventions. \n \nA qualitative inquiry using semi-structured interviews was undertaken with ten clinician participants and analysed using thematic analysis (TA). Quantitative analysis using Reliable and Clinically Significant Change calculations was conducted for six parent-infant dyads using pre and post-intervention scores on the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) and Mother Object Relationship Scale-Short Form (MORS-SF), alongside descriptive changes according to the Meaning of the Child Interview and safeguarding statuses. \n \nTA produced five main themes; ‘the overbearing wider context’, ‘professional positioning’, ‘dyadic/triadic relating’, ‘the self in the work’, and ‘connecting and expanding understanding’. Results highlight the multifaceted nature of experiences of clinicians working within the PIMHS through which wider contextual, inter-professional, dyadic/triadic, and intra-professional factors impact upon the work. Quantitative analyses of outcomes indicated a mixed profile of the extent that parents appeared to benefit from the PIMHS and demonstrated little consistency of change across measures. The discussion raises questions regarding how to measure the impact of the work, and the centrality of inter-disciplinary shared understanding in supporting families. Clinical and research implications are presented in the context of the findings and methodological limitations.
Coordination of an Environmentally Responsible Supply Chain with Cost Disturbance under Carbon Price Fluctuations

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper studies a two-echelon supply chain consisting of a retailer and a manufacturer under carbon emission reduction target and carbon cap-and-trade policy. The unit production cost varies when carbon price fluctuates. We find that carbon price fluctuations affect the original optimal production decision in the supply chain. We also compare how this disturbance affects the supply chain operations under three different power structures with a focus on the profitability and robustness.
Comparisons of childrens level of recall: Stories told through e-book and picture book

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Preschool period covers the years when the child is in a rapid change and development in every aspect. The learning experiences in this period affect children's development. The developments in knowledge technologies affect the child's environment and children's books. This rapid change brings with it some discussions. "Do either traditional methods or digital applications affect children's level of recalling more positively?" This question was the starting point of the research. Thus, the aim of this study is to compare the effect of stories told through e-books and picture books on children's level of recall. The research is based on random design with post-test control group from real experimental designs of quantitative research model. The groups were determined by simple random sampling method and each group consisted of 10 children. The research data were collected by asking the children various questions about the stories and the characters in the stories by the researchers after storytelling through e-book and pictures book. Mann Whitney U test was used to analyze the data. As a result of the study, it was discovered that the children in the group that the story was told by using pictures book have higher level of recall. Key words: Preschool education, story, story book, e-book, recall.
The protective effect of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) against meloxicam-induced renal and hepatic damage in male rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Meloxicam is an effective member of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) family, with the main use for r e lieving inflammation and moderate to severe pain, but its use for treatment of acute and chronic conditions is associated with several adverse effects on the liver and kidneys. Ashwagandha Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal ( Solanaceae ) is classified as an important component in Ayurvedic medicine due to its several health benefits, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pro p erties, which may offer protective effects against meloxicam-induced hepatic and renal damage. This study aimed to evaluate the protective properties of ashwagandha against meloxicam-induced hepatic and renal damage. We conducted the study using 21 male rats. These rats were randomly divided into three groups, with 7 rats in each group. These were the c ontrol group: admini s tered oral normal saline only , the m eloxicam treated group: administered 1.5 mg/kg via oral route for 20 days; the ashwagandha- m eloxicam treated group: administered a combination of ashwagandha (200 mg/kg) and meloxicam (1.5 mg/kg) orally for 20 days. The results revealed a significant decrease in the hepatic and renal parameters in the ashwagandha-meloxicam group compared to the meloxicam group. Histopathological study of the liver and kidney s show s a partial amelioration of the damage triggered by meloxicam in the ashwagandha-meloxicam group. This study concluded that t he administration of ashwagandha may impart protective effects against meloxicam-induced hepatic and renal damage in male rats. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of ashwagandha may reveal its capacity to counteract the organ damage associated with NSAIDs use.
Two-stage support vector machines to protein relative solvent accessibility prediction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Bioinformatics techniques to relative solvent accessibility (RSA) prediction are mostly single-stage approaches; they predict solvent accessibility of proteins by taking into account only the information available in amino acid sequences. We propose to use support vector machines (SVMs) as a second stage following the existing single-stage approaches for RSA prediction problem to improve the accuracy. The purpose of the second stage is to capture the contextual relationship of solvent accessibility elements in a neighborhood in determining the solvent accessibility at a particular site. We demonstrate our approach by introducing SVMs to the output of single-stage SVM classifier. Two-stage SVM approach achieves accuracies up to 90.4% and 90.2% on the Manesh dataset of 215 protein structures and the RS126 dataset of 126 nonhomologous globular proteins, respectively, which are better than the highest reported scores on both datasets to date.
Do feral pigs increase soil erosion? A monsoonal northern Australia case study

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Animals are recognised biological agents that can turn over large amounts of soil, influence soil structure and composition and may allow soil to more easily erode. Feeding activities of feral pigs ( Sus scrofa ) are known to produce considerable soil disturbance. Here, pig disturbance, together with soil erosion and deposition patterns, are quantified along two hillslope transects in northern Australia over 10 years. Annual disturbance by pigs was ~1% of surface area. The erosion rate was low with a range of 0.008–0.13 mm year −1 . Both transects had similar hillslope profiles, vegetation patterns and similar appearance. There was a greater number of pig disturbances, area and mass of material disturbed by pigs for one transect compared to the other moving downslope. However, for the second transect, the number of disturbances significantly decreased moving downslope while the mass of material exhumed remained relatively constant along the hillslope. For the first transect, this suggests that the greater number of pig digs moving downslope reduces hillslope connectivity and therefore reduces erosion. That is, the greater the amount of disturbance by pigs, the less erosion. The pig digs produce a pit and a mound with the material diffusing locally and the pit capturing material from upslope reducing hillslope connectivity. These pits have been observed to last many years. A control on pig disturbance was likely to be rock content. The average surface rock content of the two transects was significantly different (9% and 20%, respectively) and with the higher rock content reducing pig disturbance and erosion for the second transect. The bio geomorphic influence that pigs represent in the landscape for biogeochemical cycling requires ongoing investigation.
Two Families of Env Antibodies Efficiently Engage Fc-Gamma Receptors and Eliminate HIV-1-Infected Cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The “open” CD4-bound conformation of HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins is the primary target of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)-mediating antibodies present in HIV-positive (HIV + ) sera, such as anti-coreceptor binding site and anti-cluster A antibodies. Here we report that the binding of these two families of antibodies is required to engage FcγRIIIa and mediate ADCC.
Increased risk for acute HIV infection from non-ulcerative STI's in MSM: aggressive STI eradication programs needed for reduction in HIV incidence

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose of the studyClinical presentation of acute HIV infection is non-specific and may mimic sexually transmitted infections (STIs).Non-ulcerative STIs are prevalent among MSM.We examined the clinical presentation of acute HIV and sexually transmitted co-infections, and the role of non-ulcerative STIs in sexual acquisition of HIV infection. Methods9,058 persons testing HIV antibody negative were screened using a pooled HIV NAAT test (pool sizes varied from 24 to 90).STI testing of all at-risk anatomical sites was encouraged.
[PP.17.14] ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BLOOD PRESSURE VARIABILITY AND FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME IN DIFFERENT ISCHEMIC STROKE SUBTYPES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Blood pressure variability (BPV) has been associated with worse outcomes after acute ischemic stroke (IS). The aim of this study was to investigate whether this association varies in the in different IS subtypes. Design and method: A total of 239 consecutive first-ever acute stroke patients registered in the Athens Stroke Registry underwent 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) within 24 hours of stroke onset. Strokes were categorized according to the TOAST classification. Functional outcome was measured at 3 months using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and was dichotomised to either good (mRS < or = 2) or poor (mRS > 2). BPV was defined as the standard deviation (SD) of blood pressure recordings made by ABPM. Stroke severity was measured using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Logistic regression analysis was used to test whether systolic or diastolic BPV predicted functional outcome, after adjusting for age, stroke severity and history of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and smoking. Coefficients and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to indicate effect size; p < or = 0.05 was used to indicate statistical significance. Results: IS was attributed to small vessel disease in 64 cases, to large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) in 54 cases and to cardioembolism in 77 cases. The remaining 44 cases were classified as cryptogenic stroke or of unknown origin. The mean age of the study population was 69.3 (10.1) and 64% were males. The median NIHSS at admission was 5 (0–33) and median mRS at 3 months was 2 (0–6). Mean SBP and DBP at admission were 161 (28) mmHg and 90 (12) mmHg, respectively. The logistic regression analysis revealed that higher diastolic BPV was independently associated with poor functional outcome at 3 months only in lacunar strokes (coefficient 0.30, CI 0.99–1.72, p = 0.05). No significant association was observed between BPV and functional outcome in IS caused by LAA (p = 0.38) or cardioembolism (p = 0.38). Conclusions: Increased diastolic BPV 24 hours after lacunar IS is associated with worse functional outcomes at 3 months. Further work is required to reproduce this finding in an independent cohort, and to explore possible underlying mechanisms.
Femoral nerve dimensions at the inguinal ligament and inguinal crease levels: implications for femoral nerve block

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction: Femoral nerve block, when used solely or as a supplement to general anaesthesia, provides anaesthesia and analgesia to the anterior thigh. In spite of its established benefits, femoral nerve block is still underutilized in Nigeria. Our objective was to study the dimensions of femoral nerve at the level of the inguinal ligament and inguinal crease using a cadaveric model; no such data exists in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Using 7 adult human cadavers (6 males and 1 female), the depth and thickness of the femoral nerve were measured at the levels of inguinal ligament and inguinal crease. The spatial relationship of femoral nerve to the surrounding structures was also observed. Result: The study showed a significantly wider thickness and shorter depth of the femoral nerve at the level of inguinal crease relative to inguinal ligament. Conclusion: We concluded that in centers where ultrasound and neurostimulation techniques for femoral nerve block in Nigerians are unavailable, the inguinal crease level where the femoral nerve is more supericial and wider in thickness would be the landmark of choice compared to the inguinal ligament level.
Community Energy Systems and the Law of Public Utilities. Volume Thirty-two. New Jersey

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A detailed description is presented of the laws and programs of the State of New Jersey governing the regulation of public energy utilities, the siting of energy generating and transmission facilities, the municipal franchising of public energy utilities, and the prescription of rates to be charged by utilities including attendant problems of cost allocations, rate base and operating expense determinations, and rate of return allowances. These laws and programs are analyzed to identify impediments which they may present to the implementation of Integrated Community Energy Systems (ICES). This report is one of fifty-one separate volumes which describe such regulatory programs at the Federal level and in each state as background to the report entitled Community Energy Systems and the Law of Public Utilities - Volume One: An Overview. This report also contains a summary of a strategy described in Volume One - An Overview for overcoming these impediments by working within the existing regulatory framework and by making changes in the regulatory programs to enhance the likelihood of ICES implementation.