jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Low Carbon Solid Waste Collection and Transportation Route In University: A Case Study

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Solid waste management is an environmental problem in Thailand.Health of citizen and environmental sustainability can be improved by increasing the efficiency of solid waste collection and transportation.The appropriate solid waste management also involves control of the atmospheric emissions.This work aims to investigate the existing methods of solid waste collection and transportation within university, Mae Fah Luang University (MFU), Thailand by surveys and interviews.The GHG emission or carbon emission was calculated basing on flue oil used.Google Earth view was used to analyze the appropriate collection points and transportation route mainly base on low carbon emission and requirement standards.Improper collection and transportation designs were found in term of collection sites, pick-up rounds and transportation routes that effect to higher carbon emission.Two transportation routes were proposed on idea of collection point reduction (from 12 points to 6 points) and waste separation (general waste, recycle waste and food waste), it was found that carbon emission was significantly reduced from conventional route from 13.58 kg CO 2 e/day to be 1.97 kg CO 2 e/day and 3.36 kg CO 2 e/day, respectively.However, burden of landfill and biogas generation for disposal of general waste and food waste were avoided, therefore waste minimization implementation was suggested to reach low carbon solid waste management.
Life Cycle Costing in Spare Parts Procurement: A Decision Model

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Life cycle costing methods can be applied to the procurement of some, but not all, spare parts. As a result, a decision model is needed to determine which spare parts should be considered for life cycle costing. This thesis discusses a decision model for determining the applicability of life cycle costing to spare part procurement. The thesis briefly reviews the application of the life cycle costing concept to the acquisition of major systems and associated spare parts. It then reviews current spare parts acquisition techniques and identifies critical criteria to be considered during the acquisition of spare parts using life cycle costing techniques. Finally, the thesis uses the identified characteristics to develop the decision model.
Probabilistic Optimal PMU Placements Under Limited Observability Propagations

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The problem of phasor measurement units (PMUs) placement for state estimation in modern power grids has emerged with renewed interest in recent years. Conventional optimal PMU placement (OPP) formulations without limitations on observability propagations pose the power grid at the higher risk of losing its observability under unexpected contingencies or malicious cyberattacks. In order to mitigate these impacts in PMU deployments, by extending our proposed enhanced OPP formulation under the concept of the observability propagation depth (OPD), a probabilistic variation of this enhanced OPP is presented. To further explore the robustness of OPP problems under severe contingencies, a linearized probabilistic observability model is proposed and incorporated with the previous enhanced OPP model into a bilevel optimization framework. Thus, in addition to derive the minimum number of PMUs by solving the enhanced OPP model in the upper level, the optimal PMU configuration with the maximal probabilistic observability can also be depicted in the lower level. By solving the dual problem of the lower-level problem under Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions, this bilevel optimization formulation can be reformulated into a single-level mixed-integer linear programming problem, which can be easily solved by commercial optimization tools. Extensive simulations are conducted on several IEEE test-bed systems as well as the Polish-2383 system to demonstrate the feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed formulation. Simulation results indicate that there is strong evidence that the probability of losing the observability of a bus is positively related to its OPD.
Does selective attention demand affect the physiological complexity of postural control in faller community-dwelling older adults?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: The physiological complexity of postural control during selective attention demand can be used as an innovative method to identify faller community-dwelling older. Objective: To analyze the effect of selective attention on the complexity of postural control in faller community-dwelling older adults. Methods: A total of 57 older adults (60 to 80 years) were divided between the faller group (Fallers n = 21) and the non-faller group (Non-fallers n = 36). An inertial sensor (Physilog® 5, GaitUp, Switzerland) was positioned over the second sacral vertebra to collect the participant’s body sway in the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions during the monochromatic and color Stroop test versions. The postural control’s complexity was calculated using MATLAB codes, employing the refined composite multiscale fuzzy entropy method. Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used to analyze the effects of interaction, group, and condition effects using linear mixed models with an alpha of 5%. Results: No significant interaction effects were observed in the AP (F = 0.18; p = 0.66) and ML (F = 0.00; p = 0.99) directions. No group effect was observed in the AP (F = 1.23; p = 0.26) and ML (F = 1.76; p = 0.18) directions. No condition effect was found in the AP (F = 0.06; p = 0.80) and ML (F = 3.54; p = 0.06) directions. Conclusion: Once-only faller community-dwelling older adults did not evidence worse physiological complexity than the non-fallers during selective attention demand in the upright standing posture.
Correlation Between Irrigation Around the Silicone Tube After Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy with Clinical Symptoms and Surgical Outcome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To assess the value of irrigation around the silicone tubes after endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (endo-DCR) for nasolacrimal obstruction and its correlation with symptoms and surgical outcome. Methods: Retrospective chart review of 36 consecutive endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomies. Demographic information was recorded, including: age, gender, affected eye, and success of surgery. All patients had documented primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) before surgery. Main Outcome Measures: Relation between irrigation of lower canaliculus around silicone tube at one week and three months post-endo-DCR and both clinical symptoms and surgical outcome. Results: Strong correlation between the results of irrigation around the silicone tubes 3 months after endo-DCR and surgical outcome (p=0.0004). Statistical significance was also found between irrigation around the silicone tubes 3 months after endo-DCR and symptoms at the same visit (p=0.009). Little to no evidence of a correlation between irrigation at 1 week and surgical outcome (p=0.567) and between irrigation at 1 week and symptoms during the same visit (p=0.5442). Conclusions: Irrigation around the silicone tubes 3 months after endo-DCR seems to be a reliable indicator of surgical outcome, and correlates well with symptoms. The same correlation cannot be made when the irrigation is done at 1 week. [Arch Clin Exp Surg 2014; 3(2.000): 69-72]
A polymorphism within the mismatch repair gene predicts prognosis and adjuvant chemotherapy benefit in gastric cancer patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

3025 Background: Radical surgery with subsequent adjuvant chemotherapy was effective treatment for early-stage gastric cancer (GC) patients. Unfortunately, after optimal multimodality therapy, up to 30% to 40% of patients undergoing resection will relapse within 5 years. There are no validated prognostic and predictive biomarkers for GC patients who receive adjuvant chemotherapy, and current patient selection is based mainly on postoperative pathological staging. Defective mismatch repair (MMR) or microsatellite instability (MSI) may affect GC outcome. Polymorphisms of MMR genes with a low-penetrant effect can cause heterogeneous MMR capability among individuals. It is not known about the impact of these polymorphisms on GC outcome. Methods: The polymorphisms rs1800734 in MLH1, rs2303428 and rs3732183 in MSH2, rs735943 in EXO1, and rs11797 in TREX1 were selected and analyzed in independent discovery and validation sets that included 167 and 593 patients, respectively. MSI was determined. Results: In the discovery set, both the rs2303428 TC+CC and the rs11797 GA+AA genotypes significantly correlated with poor overall survival (OS; P < 0.05). In the validation set, we confirmed the prognostic association for the rs2303428 TC+CC genotype (P = 0.036) but not for the rs11797 GA+AA genotype (P = 0.737). Furthermore, the prognostic role of the rs2303428 TC+CC genotype was observed in non-cardia (P = 0.005) but not in cardia GC (P = 0.934). The multivariate model showed that the rs2303428 TC+CC genotype was an independent predictor for OS in non-cardia patients (HR = 1.54; 95% CI: 1.02-2.32; P = 0.040). Moreover, fluoropyrimidines-based adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved OS (HR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.15-0.58; P < 0.001) for non-cardia patients with the rs2303428 TC+CC genotype but not for those with the rs2303428 TT genotype. The rs2303428 genotypes were not associated with MSI frequency. Conclusions: The rs2303428 TC+CC genotype may predict prognosis and adjuvant chemotherapy benefit in non-cardia GC patients independent of MSI. To our knowledge, our study is the first to report the prognostic and predictive roles of MMR genotype in GC. Although prospective validation is necessary, our findings have the potential to improve patient selection for adjuvant chemotherapy and spare large numbers of GC patients’ unnecessary therapy.
Extended Transverse-oblique Back Flap for Myelomeningocele Defect Closure: A Case Series of 10 Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Myelomeningocele is the most common phenotype of congenital neural tube defects. Various reconstructive techniques have been described for soft tissue coverage following myelomeningocele repair, one of which is the use of dorsal intercostal artery perforator based flaps. The aim of this study was to describe our experience with the use of a transverse-oblique back flap that can be reliably extended to the anterior axillary line for closure of myelomeningocele defect. This pedicle transposition flap is based on thoracic or lumbar paraspinal perforators that originate from the dorsal intercostal arteries. Methods: This is a retrospective two center case-series where all patients who underwent myelomeningocele defect closure with extended transverse-oblique flap over three years period were included. Patients’ clinical data, surgical variables, and outcomes were documented and analyzed using descriptive measures. Flap harvest technique is also delineated in the present study. Result: Ten newborns (7 baby girls and 3 baby boys) who underwent a surgical closure of the myelomeningocele defect with an extended transverse-oblique back flap during the first week of life were included in the analysis. The defect was most commonly located in the lumbosacral area (50%) followed by the lumbar area (40%), with an overall average surface area of 22 ± 8.32 cm 2 . Common encountered complications include venous congestion to the distal part of the flap and minor wound dehiscence of less than 0.5 cm, all were managed conservatively. There were no incidences of flap loss or full necrosis. Primary closure of the donor site was possible in all cases. Conclusions: In the current series, the extended transverse-oblique back flap provided a safe and reliable coverage for myelomeningocele defect. Such a flap does not jeopardize other regional fasciocutanous or musclocutaneous flaps that might be needed for soft tissue coverage later in life for this population. It also obviates the placement of skin suture line over the repaired neural tube, thus yielding a durable coverage with no major complications or functional disability.
High-Temperature Permittivity and Microwave Pretreatment Characteristics of Nickel-Containing Sludge from Battery Production

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Permittivity is a vitally important parameter for the description of the absorption and heating characteristics of materials under microwave irradiation. In this paper, the permittivity of nickel-containing sludge (NCS), which is created during battery production as a cheap secondary resource, was measured at temperatures from 20 °C to 600 °C at 2.45 GHz using the cavity perturbation method. In addition, the loss tangent (tanδ) and penetration depth (Dp) of microwaves into the material were calculated. The results of the permittivity study show that the dielectric constant (ε′) and dielectric loss factor (ε″) of the NCS increase with increasing temperature. The variations of the loss tangent (tanδ) and penetration depth (Dp) with the temperature can be divided into two parts at 200 °C. The effect of the initial moisture content on the dielectric properties of the material is notably greater than that of the temperature, which was confirmed by the heating curve. After microwave pretreatment, the nickel-containing phase is transformed into NiO, while the weight of NCS is reduced by more than 20%, the particle size is significantly reduced and the leaching time reduce 20 min than that of conventional heating.
Thyroid Hormone Poisoning: Therapy Questioned

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

To the Editor.— We are concerned about the implications of the report of aggressive management of a child with acute ingestion of thyroid hormone. The vigorous treatment of one of two children reported to have ingested large amounts of levothyroxine prompted us to make a telephone call to the Poison Control Center in Houston regarding overdosage with thyroid hormones. The recommendations of the Harris County Poison Control Center with acute thyroid hormone ingestion includes ipecac ifthe ingestion is early and oral charcoal.
Double Duodenal Atrezi - Olgu Sunusu

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Amac: Duodenal atrezi yenidogan doneminin nadir olmayan konjenital patolojilerindendir. Bununla birlikte double duodenal atrezi oldukca nadir gorulen bir patolojidir. Olusturabilecegi klinik karisikliklara dikkat cekmek amaciyla bir double duodenal atrezi olgusu sunulmustur. Olgu sunumu: Yirmi alti yasinda annenin ucuncu gebeliginden ikinci yasayani olarak, 35 hf+3 gunluk, normal spontan vajinal yolla (NSVY) 1950gr olarak dogan erkek olgu. Ilk beslenmesinden itibaren safrali kusmalari olan hastanin cekilen ayakta direkt batin grafisinde (ADBG) “double bubble” gorulmesi uzerine, duodenal atrezi on tanisi ile klinigimize danisildi. Fizik muayenesinde; palpasyonla, batin sag orta kadranda, yaklasik 5x5cm kismen hareketli, hassas olmayan, kistik karakterde kitle mevcuttu. Hasta bu bulgularla duodenal atrezi on tanisiyla opere edildi. Operasyonda, duodenum 2. ve 4. kisimlarinda sirasiyla tip-1 ve tip-3 duodenal atrezi mevcuttu. Atretik segment eksize edildi, uc-yan duodenojejunostomi yapildi. Postoperatif safra camuru olusumu ve hiperbilirubinemisi disinda sorunu olmayan hasta, hiperbilirubinemisi duzeltildikten sonra sorunsuz olarak taburcu edildi. Tartisma: Double duodenal atrezi cok nadir konjenital bir anomalidir. Duodenal atrezi dusunulen ancak, ADBG’sinde double bubble goruntusunu komplike eden goruntuler olan veya USG’de batinda kistik kitle tespit edilen hastalarda bu patoloji dusunulmelidir. Operasyonda, ikinci atretik segmentin fark edilmemesi ciddi mortalite ve morbiditeye neden olabilir. Ayrica bu hastalarin cogunda safra yollari anomalilerinin de olabilecegi dusunulerek preoperatif hazirligin buna gore yapilmasi uygun olacaktir
Evaluation of a rapid antigen test for detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae in cerebrospinal fluid

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using lateral flow immunochromatography tests (ICTs) is an effective, rapid and low-cost method to diagnose pneumococcal meningitis. This study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the Uni-Gold ICT to detect pneumococcal antigen in CSF specimens, compared with gold standard bacteriology and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) testing. CSF specimens (n=69) from patients with suspected bacterial meningitis were included in the study. 13/69 (19%) were positive and 56/69 (81%) were negative for pneumococcus by the gold standard tests. The ICT had sensitivity of 85% (55%–98%), specificity of 96% (88%–100%), positive likelihood ratio of 23.7 (6–94) and negative likelihood ratio of 0.16 (0.04–0.57). Overall, a strong correlation between the ICT and qPCR results was seen (κ=0.81). In contrast, CSF microscopy and culture were exceptionally insensitive. The ICT method is sufficiently robust and accurate for use in algorithms to diagnose bacterial meningitis.
The role of magnetic geometry on the poloidal distribution of ELM-induced peak particle flux at the divertor targets in DIII-D

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Edge localized modes (ELMs) are commonly observed in high-energy confinement tokamak plasmas and are thought to be caused by magnetohydrodynamic instabilities driven by the steep pressure gradient and the current in the plasma edge region. Our data show that the divertor magnetic balance, i.e. the degree to which the plasma topology resembles a single-null or a double-null, strongly determines where ELM pulses driven by ballooning instabilities at the plasma edge are distributed to surrounding vacuum vessel surfaces. These data also support the conclusions drawn from the stability analysis that ELMs are generated almost entirely on the outboard side of the main plasma.
Gibberellic Acid Sizing Trial on Table Grapes, 1987

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

For desert table grape production early maturity is imperative since the price can fall dramatically during the first few weeks of the season. To meet the early market, growers must have grapes with adequate size and sugar. In addition to girdling gibberellic acid (Gibb) is used as a growth regulator to increase the size of the berries, as well as to thin and elongate the bunches. A research project was established to determine if higher rates than currently used in southwestern Arizona continue to increase early maturity, and if they are cost effective.
Digital Monitoring of a Distressed Building

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

During the 1994 winter months, portions of a large warehouse roof in eastern Pennsylvania experienced a series of collapses while loaded with snow. Although no occupants were injured, the building was evacuated due to safety concerns. Structural investigations by various parties revealed defective roof member components throughout the facility. After the roof snow load had dissipated, the Contractor for the original warehouse construction rebuilt collapsed roof areas and made certain repairs to strengthen roof members throughout the facility. A disagreement arose between the Owner and Contractor during the repair work pertaining to the scope of roof member component repairs that were necessary to satisfy building code strength requirements. The Contractor completed the strengthening repair work they considered necessary, and the Owner reoccupied the facility. The Owner's structural engineering consultant judged that the partially repaired roof structure was capable of supporting roof snow loads, but with safety factors that are less than those dictated by the building code. Confronted with the onset of the 1995 winter season, the Owner elected to install a computer controlled roof structure monitoring system. The system allows the roof snow loads on the thirty acre roof to be constantly monitored by the building staff and remotely by the Owner's corporate management and consultants. The roof monitoring system has allowed the owner to maintain occupancy of the building in all seasons without having to incur the substantial cost of a roof repair in advance of concluding the dispute.
New solar energy cells may prove economical

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Research on solar cells focusses on finding devices that have the simultaneous promise of high efficiency, long lifetime and low cost. Therefore observers have been excited about the recent development of two new solar cells with efficiencies of 12–13% that might be many times cheaper than silicon cells—if they fulfil their potential to be made by thin-film techniques. The potential of these two devices for solar-energy conversion was recognized by Sigurd Wagner and Joseph Shay of Bell Laboratories as they were investigating new materials and components for optical communications systems. One of these cells consists of a thin film of cadmium sulfide deposited on a single-crystal substrate of indium phosphide.1 The other has a cadmium-sulfide layer on a single-crystal substrate of copper indium diselenide.2
A Multistage Process for Computing Virtual Dipolar Sources of EEG Discharges from Surface Information

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A mathematical model consisting of a homogeneous spherical conductive medium was used to simulate the human head. A current dipole situated in the interior of the sphere produces, on the surface, a theoretical distribution of potential similar to certain EEG activities recorded on the human scalp. We propose a multi-stage method for computing the six parameters of a such virtual dipolar source by using only measurements on the surface of the scalp. Epileptic discharges observed on a young patient were thus analyzed. The computed dipole depends on the placement of pairs of electrodes used for the record. We compare the results of four ``assemblies'' using different pairings of electrodes. The center of the dipole varies within a volume of 2 cm 3 but its direction is stable. We discuss the importance and the influence of the approximations introduced by the model and the method. Although these approximations cannot be neglected, they do not change the signification of our results. The question is now raised: Has the virtual source a physical interpretation? Only intracerebral investigations can bring about a clear answer. However, whatever the answer may be, it appears that the method presented here can be helpful in the analysis of EEG surface situations.
Risk-Based Spare Part Planning. Uncertainties and Operational Conditions

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Estimates which indicate a large share of the world’s undiscovered oil and gas resources is to be found in the Arctic areas and the increasing demand for energy are important reasons for the growing interest in the High North region. As the offshore industry expands into the High North, system failures associated with these projects is expected to increase significantly. Hence, the quest for effective maintenance and maintenance support services are increased. However, the demanding physical conditions of the Arctic, the remote location, and the uncertainty from various sources are expected to increase the challenges related to the spare part planning, especially the transportation of spare parts.