jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Responses of shoot and root gas exchange, leaf blade expansion and biomass production to pulses of elevated C02in hydroponic wheat

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Responses of shoot and root gas exchange, leaf blade expansion and biomass production to pulses of elevated C02 in hydroponic wheat Get access Rudolf A. Christ, Rudolf A. Christ Institute of Botany, University of BaselSchönbeinstr. 6, CH–4056 Basel, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Christian Körner Christian Körner 1 Institute of Botany, University of BaselSchönbeinstr. 6, CH–4056 Basel, Switzerland 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed: Fax: +41 61 267 35 04 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Experimental Botany, Volume 46, Issue 11, November 1995, Pages 1661–1667, https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/46.11.1661 Published: 01 November 1995 Article history Received: 05 April 1995 Accepted: 23 July 1995 Published: 01 November 1995
Microbiological quality of minimally processed vegetables sold in Porto Alegre, Brazil

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Hortaliças minimamente processadas passam por várias etapas durante seu processamento, no qual ocorrem várias modificações de sua estrutura natural, todavia elas devem manter a mesma qualidade do produto não processado. O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar microrganismos mesófilos e psicrótróficos, coliformes totais e fecais e verificar a presença de E. coli, parasitas e sujidades em hortaliças minimamente processadas prontas para consumo. Foram analisadas 56 amostras para mesófilos e psicrotróficos pelo método de contagem em placas, com média mensal 4,7x105 a 1,6x108 UFC/g e de 7,9x106 a 2,7x108 UFC/g, respectivamente. Os coliformes foram analisados pela técnica dos tubos múltiplos, onde coliformes totais variaram de <3 a ≥ 2,4x104 NMP/g e coliformes fecais, de <3 a 1,1x104 NMP/g, e E. coli foi observada em oito amostras. De 52 amostras, 8 (15,3%) apresentaram oocistos de Eimeria spp. Sujidades, como fragmentos de insetos e ácaros jovens foram encontrados. Contaminação de origem fecal foi verificada no presente estudo, sugerindo falhas nas etapas do processamento das hortaliças, ou que o solo ou a água de irrigação também poderiam ser fontes de disseminação destes microrganismos.
Non-dietary lipid in the intestinal lumen

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lipid in the intestinal lumen is mainly dietary in origin, but there is also an endogenous component from bile, bacteria, and the mucosa (through exudation and cell loss). Perfusion experiments in fasting rats demonstrate that exfoliated cells carry with them into the small intestinal lumen an average of 1·12 mg lipid/30 minutes; lipid classes consisting of phosphatidyl choline (lecithin), triglyceride, cholesterol, cholesterol ester, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and free fatty acid. Fatty acid also enters the lumen independently of cells by exudation. Since the rate of lipid exfoliation and exudation considerably exceeds the faecal lipid excretion in fasting rats, efficient reabsorption must normally occur. Calculations based on published data suggest the daily exfoliation of 12 to 30 g lipid into the small intestinal lumen of fasting man. When reabsorption is impaired, especially in states of increased cell turnover, endogenous mucosal lipid may account for a significant proportion of faecal lipid, perhaps sufficient to constitute a state of fat-losing enteropathy.
[Findings in intrahepatic bile ducts after ligation of the choledochus in an experiment].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The elevation of intraductal bile pressure in hepatic tissue of rats manifested itself a few hours later the ligation of common bile duct by focal dilatation of bile canaliculi which was followed by proceeding concentration of pericanalicular ectoplasma of hepatocytes and partial renewal of contractility of canalicular system. Later, proliferation of interlobular bile ducts together with a relatively rapid loss of pericanalicular density followed. New - built bile ducts scarcely infiltrated by polynuclear leucocytes proceeded from margins of portal tracts in between trabecules of hepatocytes in the periphery of lobules.
Use of an appendicitis medical information sheet in the pediatric primary care system

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Accurate and prompt diagnosis is required for the primary evaluation of pediatric appendicitis. Among pediatricians and surgeons working in Yamanashi Prefecture, the pediatric appendicitis medical information (PAMI) sheet was edited in April 2011 to reflect the diagnostic results of the pediatric primary and emergency medical service and used as a referral document for surgical consultation to secondary hospitals. Methods The PAMI sheet consisted of sections for history taking, symptoms, physical signs and laboratory findings without a scoring system. For 32 consecutive months starting in April 2011, 59 patients hospitalized for suspected appendicitis were retrospectively reviewed. In particular, a total of 17 referral patients evaluated with the PAMI sheet were assessed in order to evaluate the utility of the form. Results The pediatric surgeons were able to easily determine patient condition from the PAMI sheet. In total, 13 of 17 patients had appendicitis. According to the physical findings of the 17 studied patients, the judgment of right lower quadrant tenderness (κ = 0.63) and guarding (κ = 1.00) was consistent between the pediatric surgeons and primary attending pediatricians. Conclusions The PAMI sheet aids in the collection of detailed history and objective data with a high level of accuracy, and provides useful referral diagnostic information to the secondary‐level hospitals.
Urban Pneumatic Transport Development Trends for Domestic Solid Waste Disposal

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This article provides the results of the urban pneumatic transport development prospects for domestic solid waste (DSW) collection and transportation studies. Peculiarities have been considered, and the proposals have been given concerning the improvement of the pneumatic transport efficiency for the DSW disposal by using the suction-discharge unit. Method has been provided for calculation of the main structural and technological parameters of the suction-discharge unit for waste removal.
The importance of memory in retrospective revaluation learning

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Retrospective revaluation— learning about implied but unpresented cues— poses one of the greatest challenges to classical learning theories. Whereas theorists have revised their models to accommodate revaluation, the empirical reliability of the phenomenon remains contentious. I present two sets of experiments that examine revaluative learning under different but analogous experimental protocols. Results provided mixed empirical evidence that is difficult to interpret in isolation. To address the issue, I apply two computational models to the experiments. An instance-based model of associative learning (Jamieson et al., 2012) predicts retrospective revaluation and anticipates participant behaviour in one set of experiments. An updated classical learning model (Ghirlanda, 2005) fails to predict retrospective revaluation, but anticipates participant behaviour in the other set of experiments. I argue that retrospective revaluation emerges as a corollary of basic memorial processes and discuss the empirical and theoretical implications.
[Tadalafil for erectile dysfunction associated with cardiovascular diseases].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Erectile dysfunction (ED) seriously affects the quality of men's sexual life. Recent studies have shown that ED is closely related with cardiovascular diseases, and they have many similar pathogenic mechanisms and common risk factors. A great many researches have confirmed the clinical efficacy of tadalafil in the treatment of ED associated with cardiovascular diseases. With its prolonged action of 36 hours, tadalafil can not only increase the self-confidence of ED males but also improve the quality of life of both the patients and their partners.
Fabrication Of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells With In2S3 Buffer Layer By Two Stage Process

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films (CIGS) on metallic substrate (titanium, molybdenum, aluminum, stainless steel) were prepared by a two-step selenization of Co-evaporated metallic precursors in Se-containing environment under N2 gas flow. Structural properties of prepared thin film were studied. To characterize the optical quality and intrinsic defect nature low-temperature photoluminescence, were performed. Results shows that the structural and optical properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films strongly depend on the growth condition, charactristics of substrate and chemical composition. In2S3 thin layer has been used as buffer layer in CIGS solar cells and physical properties of them investigated. Solar cells were completed by vacuum deposition of ZnO/ZnO:Al layers and Ni/Al contact fingers. The surface morphology and bulk composition of thin films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The optical testing was carried out by recording transmittance spectra of the samples by spectrophotometers in the spectral range 190–3000 nm at a resolution of 1 nm. The better conversion efficiencies were around 12.0 %.
Actualization of the Properties of the Teacher in the Qur'an

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A recent Problem faced by educators is the blatant opposition made by students to parents. It is not uncommon for violence to occur between teachers and students to the point that reporting to the authorities is inevitable. This paper aims to explain the qualities that must be possessed by an educator based on the information contained in the Qur'an. This study is a qualitative research literature study with descriptive analysis approach. The primary data source in this paper is Qs. Verses 1-4 and Surah al-Rahman. An-Nahl verses 43-44. The results showed that an educator must have the nature of loving and merciful Rahman, sincere in educating students, have a good public speaking, able to design a learning plan optimally, a source of knowledge for students, educators understand the duties and functions as well as his role as an educator and make the Prophet as a guide in teaching.
Neural tube defect repair and ventriculoperitoneal shunting: indications and outcome.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Neural tube defect with its global involvement of nervous system has lot of implications. There is cotroversy in terms of timing of repair, simultaneous or metachronous ventriculoperitoneal shunt and criteria for shunt surgery in neonatal age. We are reporting our approach and results of management of this disease in neonatal period.
Covariates of success in quitting smoking: a systematic review of studies from 2008 to 2021 conducted to inform the statistical analyses of quitting outcomes of a hospital-based tobacco dependence treatment service in the United Kingdom

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background Smoking cessation interventions are being introduced into routine secondary care in the United Kingdom (UK), but there are person and setting-related factors that could moderate their success in quitting smoking. This review was conducted as part of an evaluation of the QUIT hospital-based tobacco dependence treatment service (https://sybics-quit.co.uk). The aim of the review was to identify a comprehensive set of variables associated with quitting success among tobacco smokers contacting secondary healthcare services in the UK who are offered support to quit smoking and subsequently set a quit date. The results would then be used to inform the development of a statistical analysis plan to investigate quitting outcomes. Methods Systematic literature review of five electronic databases. Studies eligible for inclusion investigated quitting success in one of three contexts: (a) the general population in the UK; (b) people with a mental health condition; (c) quit attempts initiated within a secondary care setting. The outcome measures were parameters from statistical analysis showing the effects of covariates on quitting success with a statistically significant (i.e., p-value <0.05) association. Results The review identified 29 relevant studies and 14 covariates of quitting success, which we grouped into four categories: demographics (age; sex; ethnicity; socio-economic characteristics; relationship status, cohabitation and social network), individual health status and healthcare setting (physical health, mental health), tobacco smoking variables (current tobacco consumption, smoking history, nicotine dependence; motivation to quit; quitting history), and intervention characteristics (reduction in amount smoked prior to quitting, the nature of behavioural support, tobacco dependence treatment duration, pharmacological aids). Conclusions In total, 14 data fields were identified that should be considered for inclusion in datasets and statistical analysis plans for evaluating the quitting outcomes of smoking cessation interventions initiated in secondary care contexts in the UK. PROSPERO registration CRD42021254551 (13/05/2021)
Novel imaging biomarkers of response to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer death worldwide (1). Most patients present with intermediate or advanced disease that is not amenable to curative treatment, and the median survival in this group is 6-8 months (2). Several studies and well-designed randomized trials have shown a positive effect of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) on patient outcome and survival (3-8). As nicely described in the present article from Wang et al. , assessment of tumor response is of extreme importance in patients undergoing locoregional treatments of liver cancer (9). Early assessment of the effectiveness of TACE and monitoring of tumor response are paramount to the identification of treatment failure, guidance of future therapy, and determination of the interval for repeat treatment. Wang et al. confirm in this article that imaging evaluation of HCC response to therapy is generally and widely performed with cross-sectional imaging [computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)] by using the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria and the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) criteria which have been introduced in the past decade (9). It is interesting to note that these criteria are not based on experimental or observational studies, but are proposed as revised versions of World Health Organization (WHO) and RECIST criteria (10-13). Initial reports showed that they were better than the latter for assessment of response, and both have been shown to be independent prognostic factors (14-19). Nevertheless, these criteria have been shown to have several limitations, mainly the lack of standardization, and there are concerns about applicability and reproducibility that have been raised. Indeed, they may be difficult to use, especially in heterogeneous lesions, and their use is dependent on operator experience. Although recent guidelines have acknowledged the potential value of these new criteria, they are not considered robust enough to replace older morphological criteria in trials (18). As a result, since they were first introduced, numerous studies have been published to better define the type and optimal number of target lesions, the ideal imaging technique, and the follow-up schedule. At present most teams perform one-dimensional mRECIST or two-dimensional EASL measurement of the enhanced portion of a maximum of two target lesions (18,19). Nevertheless, very recent data have suggested that three-dimensional (3D) evaluation of the whole tumor burden using specific software, functional imaging or cone-beam CT (CBCT) imaging may be of interest as novel imaging biomarkers to predict future tumor response to TACE in HCC patients (10,20-27).
Digestibility and Dietary Quality of Nonacetylated and Acetylated <i>Vicia faba </i>Proteins in Maintenance

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

N digestibility and the dietary quality of a Vicia faba protein isolate as well as of two protein fractions from this isolate, acetylated and nonacetylated, were estimated in 15N-labelled adult rats. For reference, whole egg, casein and wheat were studied. The diets were fed at maintenance energy intake level. Daily metabolic fecal nitrogen estimated by an isotopic method was 5 mg/100 g body weight in animals receiving whole egg, casein, or Vicia faba proteins. When wheat was included in the diet metabolic fecal nitrogen was increased to 140% of this value. True N digestibility of reference proteins was 91-92% and of Vicia faba proteins 95-97%. Protein quality for maintenance was high and similar for all proteins. Acetylation affected neither N digestibility nor protein quality under maintenance conditions.
Fluid Shear Stress Activates Ca2+ Influx Into Human Endothelial Cells via P2X4 Purinoceptors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract—Ca2+ signaling plays an important role in endothelial cell (EC) responses to shear stress generated by blood flow. Our previous studies demonstrated that bovine fetal aortic ECs showed a shear stress–dependent Ca2+ influx when exposed to flow in the presence of extracellular ATP. However, the molecular mechanisms of this process, including the ion channels responsible for the Ca2+ response, have not been clarified. Here, we demonstrate that P2X4 purinoceptors, a subtype of ATP-operated cation channels, are involved in the shear stress–mediated Ca2+ influx. Human umbilical vein ECs loaded with the Ca2+ indicator Indo-1/AM were exposed to laminar flow of Hanks’ balanced salt solution at various concentrations of ATP, and changes in [Ca2+]i were monitored with confocal laser scanning microscopy. A stepwise increase in shear stress elicited a corresponding stepwise increase in [Ca2+]i at 250 nmol/L ATP. The shear stress–dependent increase in [Ca2+]i was not affected by phospholipase C inhibitor (U-73...
Prediction of Sensitivity of Non-small Cell Lung Cancers to Gefitinib by Gene Expression Profiling

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

目的．上皮成長因子受容体（epidermal growth factor receptor:EGFR）チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤ゲフィチニブ（イレッサ®）は再発を来した進行非小細胞肺癌に有効な薬剤であるが，その効果は一部の症例に限られる．EGFRの活性型変異が本薬剤の劇的な抗腫瘍効果と関連するが，stable disease（SD）症例では検出されないことが知られている．SD症例の中には長期生存例が存在することから，complete response/partial response（CR/PR）症例だけでなく長期SD症例をも予測しうるバイオマーカーの同定が急務となっている．そこでわれわれは本薬剤の感受性と相関する分子の同定と，遺伝子発現に基づいた感受性予測システムの構築を目的に以下の検討を行った．方法．ゲフィチニブ治療前に採取した再発非小細胞肺癌生検組織33検体の遺伝子発現プロファイルをDNAマイクロアレイによって取得し，random permutation testによって感受性群，耐性群で発現の異なる遺伝子を同定した．次にweighted vote法によりこれらの遺伝子の発現パターンに基づいた感受性予測スコアを算出し，leave-one-out cross validationと追加症例によってシステムの正確性を検証した．結果．感受性群と耐性群で発現の異なる51遺伝子を同定し，うち12遺伝子の発現に基づいて感受性を予測するスコアリングシステムを構築した．このシステムによってPR，PD症例全例の感受性が正しく判定された．また，SD症例についてはtime to progression（TTP）が4ヶ月以上の症例は感受性，4ヶ月未満の症例は耐性と判定された．結論．遺伝子の発現パターンによって，ゲフィチニブにより腫瘍の縮小もしくは長期間腫瘍の増大を阻止できる症例とこれらの効果が期待できない症例の予測が可能であることが示唆された．
Shareholder wealth effect of M&A in Taiwanese listed firms

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) is repeatedly provides an effective means of competing in an extremely competitive environment. In this paper, we utilize an event study method1 ology to investigate into differences of stock price reactions following announcements of M&A. The study data are obtained from the Market Observation Post System of the Taiwan Stock Exchange Corporation during 1993 to 2007. In regard to the M&A announcement, the empirical result finds that the stock market is significantly negative effect on abnormal returns.
Synthesis of Dihydrobenzofurans via Palladium-Catalyzed Annulation of 1,3-Dienes by o-Iodoaryl Acetates

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The palladium-catalyzed annulation of 1,3-dienes by o-iodoaryl acetates provides an efficient approach to biologically interesting dihydrobenzofurans. The annulation is believed to proceed via (1) oxidative addition of the aryl iodide to Pd(0), (2) syn-addition of the resulting arylpalladium complex to the 1,3-diene, (3) intramolecular coordination of the phenolic oxygen to the Pd center, (4) hydrolysis of the acetyl group, and (5) reductive elimination of Pd(0), which regenerates the catalyst. This reaction is quite general, regioselective, and stereoselective, and a wide variety of terminal, cyclic, and internal 1,3-dienes, as well as electron-rich and electron-deficient o-iodoaryl acetates, can be utilized.
Determination of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural in Yellow Rice Wine by HPLC

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The content of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in yellow rice wine was measured by HPLC. The related technical conditions were as follows: C18 chromatographic column used and samples detected at 284 nm by using a mixture of methanol and water (5:95, v/v) as the mobile phase. Within the linear range of 0.345～34.50 μg/mL (r2= 0.9996), the method was fast and accurate with the average recovery rate and relative stan- dard deviation as 87.44 %～90.22 % and 0.33 %～1.24 % respectively.
Effects of ulinastatin on systemic inflammatory response during cardiopulmonary bypass

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

目的 探讨乌司他丁对体外循环心内直视手术患者全身炎性反应的影响.方法选择ASAⅡ～Ⅲ级行心脏瓣膜置换术患者30例,随机分为对照组(C组)和乌司他丁组(U组),每组各15例,U组术中给予乌司他丁1.2万UI/kg加入预充液中随机转入体内,C组用等量生理盐水代替.分别于麻醉后切皮前(T1)、体外循环30 min(T2)、体外循环结束后30 min(T3)、术后4 h(T4)和12 h(T5)抽桡动脉血测定血浆白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)和白细胞介素-10(IL-10)的含量.结果 U组血浆IL-6、IL-8的水平在T2、T3、T4、T5时点较C组明显下降(P＜0.01),IL-10的含量在T3、T4时点较C组显著升高(P＜0.01).结论乌司他丁可抑制IL-6、IL-8的产生和释放,增加IL-10的产生和释放,能有效减轻体外循环心内直视手术后全身炎性反应。
The Expanded Child Tax Credit: Impacts on Food Insufficiency Across Demographic Subgroups in the United States

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We investigate the association of the Child Tax Credit (CTC) program with food insufficiency and related anxieties among families with incomes below $35000. Analyzing the US Census Bureau’s Household Pulse Survey data, our xtprobit specification and estimation reveals the disparate impact of the CTC across demographic and racial divides, a departure from previous work. Subgroup analyses reveal that the final two CTC installments disproportionately benefited Hispanic households and those earning under $25000/year while producing no significant decrease in food insufficiency for black households or those earning $25000–$35000/year. The study indicates that the expanded CTC’s reduction of low-income households’ food insufficiency persisted across the program’s duration. Thus, the expansion achieved its intended purpose by helping to buffer low-income families against the fallout of the disrupted pandemic economy—an important result to keep in mind as policy makers continue to consider modifications to the CTC that improve efficacy and equity. JEL Codes: A12, A13, A14