jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Validation of a Method to Predict Serum Vitamin D from Sun Exposure, Skin Reflectance & Dietary Intake in Overweight and Obese Subjects

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Measurement of sunlight, a major contributor to serum vitamin D, is rarely done. We evaluated a model to predict serum vitamin D from sun exposure, skin reflectance & dietary intake in 63 overweight and obese men and women consuming a diet of known vitamin D content. Sun exposure was measured bi-weekly from sun exposure logs that included date, time of day, location, activity, minutes in direct sun, clothing worn, and sunscreen use. UV-B radiation measured by UV-B Broadband Pyranometer and converted to J/m2. Skin reflectance was measured using a Minolta 2500d spectrophotometer. Serum 25(OH)D, was measured by RIA. The Hall et al. model incorporates total energy from sun exposure, skin reflectance, dietary vitamin D, and season to predict serum vitamin D. The association between actual serum 25(OH)D and predicted serum 25(OH)D was r = 0.071 (p < 0.0196). We found a significant positive bias (p < 0.0001) in the predicted 25(OH)D compared to actual serum 25(OH)D; the positive bias increased as serum 25(OH)D values increased. These results suggest the need for a new model to estimate serum vitamin D in overweight and obese populations. Funding: National Dairy Council; USDA, ARS, WHNRC; Dairy Council of California; CTSC, University of California (1M01RR19975-01), National Center for Medical Research (UL1 RR024146)
Calculation of heavy ion collisions within the framework of the modified hydrodynamic approach

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We developed the hydrodynamic approach to describe heavy ion collisions of medium energy, allowing for the emission of secondary particles. The compression, decompression and freeze-out stages of the forming hot spot have been examined. The shock wave that appears in the compression stage has a time dependent front. The calculated spectra of protons have been compared with experimental data. Due to its simplicity, the model can be used for a convenient parameterization of the experimental data.
A Formulation Model for Use in Family Therapy

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A model for simplifying complex information about a given presenting problem and integrating it into a formulation is described in this paper. The model contains three columns. In the right hand column, the cycle of interaction containing the symptom or presenting problem in which the identified patient and members of the network are caught up, is set out. In the left hand column, factors which predispose participants in this cycle to persist in this repetitive sequence of interactions are noted. In the central column (where pertinent) cognitive factors which mediate the influence of predisposing factors upon the present cycle of activity are listed. A sample formulation is first given to demonstrate the way in which the model may be used to simplify and integrate information. The implications of the model, from a clinical perspective, for assessment, treatment planning and the management of resistance, are then illustrated with a detailed case example.
G‐protein Coupled Receptor Kinase 4 gamma (GRK4γ) Mediated Activation of NF‐κB

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Polymorphisms within GRK4γ strongly associate with hypertension, and recently A142V GRK4γ was implicated in NF‐κB‐mediated expression of the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT 1 R). Luciferase assays driven by the 2x κB pGL3 vector, nuclear fractionation, and pull‐down assays were utilized to investigate the mechanism via which wild‐type (wt) GRK4γ and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) R65L, A142V, and A486V activate NF‐κB. Luciferase assays were conducted in growth media and serum‐free media. Only in growth media did the SNPs increase NF‐κB activity; wtGRK4γ decreased NF‐κB activity compared to the vector control. Utilizing kinase‐dead mutants of GRK4γ demonstrated that only A142V GRK4γ‐mediated NF‐κB activity is dependent on the kinase activity. The luciferase assays demonstrate that GRK4γ SNPs act as an amplifier, but do not constitutively activate NF‐κB. Nuclear fraction confirmed the luciferase data and demonstrated that RelB is the NF‐κB isoform activated through the GRK4γ pathway. Pull‐down affinity assays with S‐tagged wtGRK4γ and GRK4γ SNPs showed significantly increased interaction between SNP GRK4γ and NEMO (IKKγ). No interaction between the other IKK isoforms (α, β, ɛ) and wtGRK4γ or GRK4γ SNPs was detected. Currently, the IκBs are being examined to complete the NF‐κB‐mediated signaling pathway that is activated by SNPs of GRK4γ. Collectively, the data indicates that polymorphic GRK4γ amplifies serum‐mediated activation of the canonical NF‐κB pathway through a kinase‐mediated (A142V) and protein‐protein interaction‐mediated (R65L & A486V) mechanism. Further elucidation of these mechanisms may allow for the development of drugs that block polymorphic GRK4γ‐mediated NF‐κB activity and consequently reduce AT 1 R expression and thus blood pressure. Support or Funding Information This work was funded from Internal funds from Western University of Health Sciences and American Indian Graduate Center STEM Student Fellowship.
Data from c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Inactivation by Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase 1 Determines Resistance to Taxanes and Anthracyclines in Breast Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) is overexpressed during malignant transformation of the breast in many patients, and it is usually associated with chemoresistance through interference with JNK-driven apoptotic pathways. Although the molecular settings of the mechanism have been documented, details about the contribution of MKP-1 to the failure of chemotherapeutic interventions are unclear. Transient overexpression of MKP-1 and treatment with JNK-modulating agents in breast carcinoma cells confirmed the mediation of MKP-1 in the resistance to taxanes and anthracyclines in breast cancer, through the inactivation of JNK1/2. We next assessed MKP-1 expression and JNK1/2 phosphorylation status in a large cohort of samples from 350 early breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant anthracycline–based chemotherapy. We detected that MKP-1 overexpression is a recurrent event predominantly linked to dephosphorylation of JNK1/2 with an adverse impact on relapse of the tumor and overall and disease-free survival. Moreover, MKP-1 and p-JNK1/2 determinations in 64 locally advanced breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant taxane–based chemotherapy showed an inverse correlation between MKP-1 overexpression (together with JNK1/2 inhibition) and the pathologic response of the tumors. Our results emphasize the importance of MKP-1 as a potential predictive biomarker for a subset of breast cancer patients with worse outcome and less susceptibility to treatment. <i>Mol Cancer Ther; 15(11); 2780–90. ©2016 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Indications for adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with AJCC (7th ed.) stage IIa T3N0M0 and T1N2M0 gastric cancer – an east and west, multicenter study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose To determine the ideal indications of adjuvant chemotherapy(AC) in patients with stage IIa gastric cancer (T3N0M0 and T1N2M0) according to the 7th American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) . Method 1593 gastric cancer patients with T3N0M0 or T1N2M0 stage were identified from Surveillance, Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER) database in 1988.1-2012.12. Cox multiple regression, nomogram and decision curve was used.External validation was performed using database from Fujian Medical University Union Hospital(FJUUH)(n = 241) and Italy IMIGASTRIC center(n = 45). Results Cox multiple regression analysis showed that the risk factors that affected OS in Patients with AC were age > 65 years old, T1N2M0, LN dissection number ≤ 15, tumor size > 20 mm, and non-adenocarcinoma. Then a nomogram was constructed to predict 5-year OS and divided patients into a high-benefit from AC (points ≤ 188) or a low-benefit (points > 188) according to a recursive partitioning analysis.OS was significantly higher for the high-benefit patients in the SEER database and the FJUUH dataset than in the non-AC patients (Log-rank < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in OS between low-benefit patients and non-AC patients among the three centers (Log-rank = 0.154, 0.470, and 0.434, respectively). The decision curve indicated that the best clinical effect can be obtained when the threshold probability is 0-92%. Conclusion Regarding the controversy over whether T3N0M0 and T1N2M0 gastric cancer patients should be treated with AC, this study presents a predictive model that provides concise and accurate indications. These data show that high-benefit patients should receive AC.
A new provincial record of Trachystolodes huangjianbini Huang, Guo & Liu (Cerambycidae) from Jiangxi Province

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Trachystolodes huangjianbini Huang, Guo & Liu, 2020 was newly found from South Wudang Mountain of Jiangxi Province, China in June, 2024. It is the first record of this species outside of the type locality in Fujian Province. This species is characterized by the developed pronotal calluses, a pair of mushroom-shaped or gingko-shaped black setal spots on elytra, the femora and tibiae without golden hairs.
The Value of Reunification in Germany: An Analysis of Changes in Life Satisfaction

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Recent years have seen a considerable increase in the number of economists researching the role of income, employment status and other demographic characteristics in determining individual life satisfaction or happiness. In this paper we investigate how life satisfaction is affected by a large exogenous shock, namely, reunification for East Germans. In particular, we identify the effects of the substantial increase in real household income and increased unemployment. We implement a new fixed-effect estimator for ordinal life satisfaction in the German Socio-Economic Panel and develop a decomposition approach that accounts for new entrants and panel attrition. We find that average life satisfaction in East Germany increased by around 20% in the years following reunification, leading to a clear convergence with West Germany. Importantly, increased real household incomes in East Germany accounted for around 35-40% of this increase.
New Magnetic Resonance Techniques for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Neuroimaging was revolutionized by the development of computed tomography (CT) and standard T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Magnetic resonance imaging and CT can adequately distinguish hemorrhage from infarction and depict ischemic stroke 12 to 24 hours after onset. However, during the critical initial hours after the onset of ischemic stroke, these imaging technologies do not adequately demonstrate the location and extent of infarction. Diffusion-weighted MRI and perfusion imaging, as well as advances in magnetic resonance spectroscopy, will enhance our ability to evaluate ischemic stroke shortly after onset. Some of the uses of MRI techniques are as follows: (1) Diffusion-weighted imaging can depict the location and extent of the ischemic lesion as soon as a stroke patient is available for examination. (2) Perfusion imaging evaluates blood flow within the brain's microvasculature and can reveal regions of perfusion deficits corresponding to major vascular territories. (3) Magnetic resonance spectroscopy evaluates metabolic abnormalities associated with focal brain ischemia by specific biochemical measurements. These MRI techniques will rapidly provide important information to clinicians about ischemia, guiding diagnosis and helping in the development of acute stroke interventions to improve outcome.
Structuring change: training and recruitment in retail banking in Germany, Britain and France

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper compares recent developments in the recruitment and training practices of retail banks in Germany, Britain and France. It examines how common competitive pressures have resulted in companies adopting significantly different solutions to these challenges. This is largely due to the constraints and opportunities created by national as well as particular sectoral institutional arrangements in each country. As a result of the behaviour of individual banks, sectoral training providers and state-guided training institutions, the creation of a pool of highly skilled labour with higher levels of individual motivation varies between the countries. This research shows how by cooperating at both the sectoral and the national level companies can reduce the problem of free riders and benefit from a general improvement in the quality of available labour. However, this problem has been more successfully managed in France and Germany than in the UK
Perinatal mortality and morbidity associated with eclampsia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Out of all the women who were delivered in Cardiff maternity units during 1965-74, 43 developed eclampsia, an incidence of 72/100 000 deliveries. The incidence in residents of Cardiff was 53/100 000 deliveries. None of the mothers with eclampsia died, but 10 of the 47 babies were lost, all but one having been born to women with antepartum eclampsia. The perinatal deaths were mainly associated with chronic placental insufficiency and preterm delivery. The extent to which the wide range of complex drug regimens used influenced perinatal outcome is not clear, although polypharmacy should be avoided. Because eclampsia is rare we advocate that its management should be planned and rehearsed and that a simple, standardised treatment regimen should be used. Failing placental function may be detected by monitoring fetal growth by ultrasound.
A Leap from Negative to Positive Bond. A Step towards Project Sustainability

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Departing from the normative formulation of stakeholder theory and building upon the current body of knowledge, this study aims to advance understandings on the benefits and challenges towards a more holistic approach to stakeholder management at the local level of major public infrastructure and construction projects (MPIC). Major construction projects, project managers, and the local community stakeholder are deemed to operate within a ‘negative bond’. This interaction is elucidated through the attribution theory lens, which shape the conceptual framework of the study. This paper illustrates that a broader inclusiveness of stakeholder views into managerial decisions can initiate to break this negative bond and shift it towards positive relationships. An organization’s conscious approach towards transparent communication with the local community stakeholder might help to shape a long-term perspective for better project benefits realization either at the national, regional, or local level. By ‘exceeding stakeholders needs and expectations’, project managers and local communities can better collaborate in order to achieve sustainable development over time.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Histopathologic study of hidradenitis suppurativa following long-pulsed 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser treatment.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: To assess clinical and histopathologic changes occurring after long-pulsed 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS).DESIGN: Prospective, controlled clinical and histologic study of patients with Hurley stage II HS disease.SETTING: Outpatient dermatology department at Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan.PARTICIPANTS: Nineteen patients with Fitzpatrick skin types II to VI with Hurley stage II HS lesions of the axilla and groin. Interventions Two monthly laser sessions were performed using the long-pulsed 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser. Main Outcome Measure Clinical response was scored using the modified Sartorius scale for HS reflecting Lesion Area and Severity Index (LASI). Histologic changes were examined before treatment and 1 week, 1 month, and 2 months after treatment.RESULTS: The percentage change in HS severity after 2 sessions of laser treatment was -31.6 over all anatomic sites (P < .005), -24.4 for the axillary site (P = .008), and -36.8 for the inguinal site (P = .001). Histologic changes corresponded to clinical response. Findings from serial biopsy specimens showed increased inflammation at 1 week after treatment and decreased inflammation with resulting fibrosis and scarring at 1 month and 2 months after treatment.CONCLUSIONS: The long-pulsed 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser is a novel effective treatment option for HS. Our histopathologic data suggest that HS is primarily a follicular disorder. The Nd:YAG laser penetrates for selective photothermolysis of the follicular unit and destruction of organized inflammatory lesions in the superficial to mid dermis. Our study offers insight into the pathogenesis of HS and the mechanism of the Nd:YAG laser in treatment of patients with this chronic, debilitating disease. PMID: 20855672
Abutment misfit in implant-supported prostheses manufactured by casting technique: An integrative review

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to perform an integrative review of the literature on the clinically usual prosthesis-abutment misfit over implant-supported structures manufactured by conventional casting technique. The present integrative review used the PRISMA methodology. A bibliographical search was conducted on the following electronic databases: MEDLINE/PubMed (National Library of Medicine), Scopus (Elsevier), ScienceDirect (Elsevier), Web of Science (Thomson Reuters Scientific), Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (BIREME), and Virtual Health Library (BVS). A total of 11 relevant studies were selected for qualitative analysis. The prosthetic-abutment vertical misfit considered clinically usual ranged from 50 to 160 μm. The vertical misfit depends on several steps during technical manufacturing techniques, which includes the materials and technical procedures. Lower values in misfit are recorded when precious metal or titanium alloys are utilized. Although a vertical misfit mean value of 100 μm has been considered clinically usual, most of the previous studies included in this revision showed lower mean values.
Abstract #1154: IL-6 induces IL-10 expression and promotes cancer progression after activation of STAT3 in human colon carcinoma cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Introduction: Cytokines are produced by various immunnocompetent cells, as well as cancer cells. Some studies have been demonstrated IL-6 and IL-10 play an important role in evading host immune surveillance in tumor microenvironment, but interactions of both cytokines has not been fully understood. Therefore, the aim of this study is to reveal two mechanisms by IL-6 in human colon carcinoma cells. One is the system of IL-10 regulation by IL-6 and IFN\#947;, another is the biological function of IL-6 after activation of STAT3 in colon carcinoma cells. Methods and Results: Firstly, we examined the effect of proinflammatory cytokines on IL-10 expression in human colon carcinoma cells (COLO205). COLO205 cells were stimulated with or without cytokines. Northern blotting and ELISA revealed TNF\#945;, IL-1\#946;, or IL-6 upregulated IL-10 mRNA and protein expression. Especially, IL-6 was a potent inducer of IL-10. IL-6 induced IL-10 production in a dose dependent manner by ELISA. IL-10 was enhanced after co-stimulation with IL-6 and either TNF\#945;, IL-1\#946; or IL-8. By contrast, IFN\#947; inhibited IL-6 induced production of IL-10. IFN\#947; downregulated IL-6 receptor \#945; mRNA expression by Northern blotting. These results indicated IFN\#947; could suppress signal transduction by IL-6. Nextly, we evaluated the biological role of IL-6 in COLO205 cells. IL-6 does-dependently significantly promoted cell proliferation after 60 hr incubation by WTS-1 assay. IL-6 significantly promoted chemoinvasion by using matrigel coated insert well system. NIH3T3 cell supernatants were added in a lower chamber as a chemoattratant. Western-Immunoprecipitation analysis identified IL-6 does-dependently activated phosphorylation of STAT3. Its maximum effect was observed in 20-30 min after the stimulation with 10-100 ng/ml concentration of IL-6. Conclusion: Induction of tumor-derived IL-10 by IL-6 could act on host immune cells, resulting in immune suppression through a TH1/TH2 cytokines balance in tumor microenvironment. Secreted IL-6 from various cells surrounding tumor tissues would contribute to colon cancer progression after activation of STAT3. IL-6 and IL-10 would be one of therapeutic molecular targets in future colon cancer treatment. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 1154.
Distributed Digital Data: Keeping files consistent and timely

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Although digitalization has made exchange of information, between governmental organizations easier, it comes at a cost. Governmental organizations need to explicitly define and implement security requirements, policies and mechanisms with which information access, processing and indexing is regulated: determining which organizations are responsible for which information, and how information, once exchanged, is kept up to date. This paper proposes the use of a Distributed Digital Dossier in combination with agent technology for this purpose. The domain of criminal dossiers prepared by the Public Prosecution and used in Courts of Law illustrates the approach.
The Effect of Big 4 Audit Firms on the Association between Accruals Quality and Split Bond Ratings

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study examines the effect of Big 4 auditor choice on the relation between accruals quality and disagreement among credit rating agencies, namely split bond ratings. If credit rating agencies value the information provided by Big 4 auditors due to higher competence and independence, their rating decisions may greatly reflect the information in the financial statements audited by Big 4 auditors. As for non-Big 4, if credit rating agencies presume non-Big 4 auditors to provide relatively lower quality audit, then the potential costs of failing to predict default risk are perceived to be increase when they rely their rating decisions primarily on financial statements audited by non-Big 4 auditors. Given that credit rating agencies use both quantitative and qualitative information when formulating the rating of a firm’s financial condition, information other than audited financial information will be greatly incorporated in the decisions of credit rating agencies when the firm is audited by a non-Big 4 auditor. Under this viewpoint, credit rating agencies will rely on the accounting information of financial statements when they are audited by Big 4 auditors. Consistent with this argument, we find that the impact of accruals quality on split bond ratings is only prevalent when firms are audited by Big 4 auditors for the period 2011-2018. This suggests that there is a perceived difference in the information quality between Big 4 and non-Big 4 auditors from the credit rating agencies’ perspectives.