jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the effect of nitrogen fertilizer rate and source on the performance of open‐pollinated rye (Secale cereale L.) cultivars in contrasting European environments

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Rye ( Secale cereale L.) is a minor cereal with potential to support sustainable farming practices. This study evaluated the performance of four old and modern European open‐pollinated winter rye cultivars grown with different nitrogen (N) sources (cattle slurry, farmyard manure, biogas digestate, mineral N) at two rates of N 50 and 100 kg ha −1 in the United Kingdom and Estonia, in the 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 growing seasons. Grain yield in Estonia was higher than the United Kingdom (6.2 vs. 4.8 t ha −1 ), which was attributed to a higher ear density (409.4 vs. 249.7 ears m −2 ) and grain number per ear (50.2 vs. 43.2), although 1,000‐grain weight was higher in the United Kingdom. There were clear differences between sites in the response to N source with significant N source × year interactions. Biogas digestate and mineral N produced higher grain yield than farmyard manure and cattle slurry in the United Kingdom, whereas in Estonia cattle slurry had a lower grain yield than the other N sources. Foliar diseases were absent in Estonia and in the United Kingdom, and N source only affected powdery mildew and leaf blotch on Leaf 2. The response of grain quality to N source and variety was consistent across both sites. The modern variety Elias had the highest Hagberg falling number and specific weight but the lowest protein content, whereas the variety Schlägler had the highest protein content but lowest specific weight. The benefits of selecting cultivars for specific environments are shown by the interactions between genotype and environment.
[Physicochemical changes in starch during corn alkaline-cooking in varieties with different kernel hardness].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Changes in starch characteristics caused by alkaline-cooking in two corn genotypes (hard and soft) were studied in the present work. Color, pH, pasting properties (Brabender viscoamylograph), water sorption, solubility, swelling power and thermal analysis (Differential scanning calorimetry) were determined in starches previously extracted, from raw and alkaline-cooked hard and soft corns. A reduction in maximum viscosity peak, temperature at the endothermic peak and swelling power at 90 degrees C, and an increase in solubility was observed in starches obtained from both hard and soft corn after alkaline-cooking. Starch from hard corn showed an increment in initial pasting temperature after alkaline-cooking. Alkaline-cooking induced higher modifications in hard than in soft corn starch, probably as a result of its endosperm type and grain hardness, although optimum cooking times were used for each corn genotype.
Exceptional topology in non-Hermitian twisted bilayer graphene

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) has extraordinary electronic properties at the magic angle along with an isolated flat band at the magic angle. However, the non-Hermitian phenomena in twisted bilayer graphene remain unexplored. In this work, we study a non-Hermitian TBG formed by one-layer graphene twisted relative to another layer with gain and loss. Using a non-Hermitian generalization of the Bistritzer-MacDonald model, we find Dirac cones centered at only the $K_M$ ($K'_M$) corner of the moiré Brillouin zone at the $K'$ ($K$) valley deform into rings of exceptional points in the presence of non-Hermiticity, which is different from single-layer graphene with gain and loss, where exceptional rings appear in both $K$ and $K'$ corners of the Brillouin zone. We show that the exceptional rings are protected by non-Hermitian chiral symmetry. More interestingly, at an ``exceptional magic angle" larger than the Hermitian magic angle, the exceptional rings coincide and form non-Hermitian flat bands with zero energy and a finite lifetime. These non-Hermitian flat bands in the moiré system, which are isolated from dispersive bands, are distinguished from those in non-Hermitian frustrated lattices. In addition, we find that the non-Hermitian flat band has topological charge conserved in the moiré Brillouin zone, which is allowed for analogs of non-Hermitian fractional quantum Hall states.
Price Transmission along the European Food Supply Chain in Selected Northern-Southern Countries

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study intends to estimate the different characteristics of price transmission and aims to test the hypothesis of price transmission asymmetry based on agricultural, processor and consumer monthly series of price indexes from 2005 to 2012 in 8 European countries from both Southern and Northern Europe and via the use of time series as well as econometric approaches such as co-intergation and error correction models. The results obtained reveal that price transmission has very small magnitude. Indeed, just 10 to 12% of price shocks at one level are corrected in the long-run by prices at another level both downstream and upstream of the food supply chain. The results also show that prices are transmitted mutually in both directions downstream and upstream the food supply chain in the two European groups. Furthermore, they indicate that in the long-run prices are transmitted symmetrically both downstream and upstream of the food supply chains in Northern as well as in Southern Europe. Finally, in the short-run different conclusions are found depending on the region.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Chemical Study of Triple Monophosphates, M(I)2M(III)M(IV)(PO4)3 (M(I): Na, K; M(III): Cr, Fe, Ga, Rh; M(IV): Ti, Sn, Zr, Hf).

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract All the 16 sodium phosphates crystallize in the rhombohedral space group R3c, Z=2; the structure is derived from NaZr 2 (PO 4 ) 3 .
“Matando o Desconhecimento”: The Role of Culture in Brazil’s Relations with Canada and Beyond

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In recent years, observers in both Canada and Brazil have pointed to the benefits of further developing relations between the two countries. Despite diplomatic efforts to promote productive interchange however, levels of trade – perhaps the most salient barometer of relationship health – have remained both modest and relatively stagnant. This is true, moreover, in spite of broad advances made by Brazil in particular in relationship building elsewhere. This paper seeks to explore the roots of this seeming paradox by examining the factors that appear to have facilitated the growth of diplomatic and trade relations between Brazil and partners other than Canada – specifically in Africa; relations rooted primarily in a strategy of “cultural approximation”. The potential role of cultural factors in promoting the Canada-Brazil relationship is then explored in this light, focusing on recent efforts to support enhanced educational and scientific interchange between the two countries.
Geothermal logging instrumentation development progress report

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Evaluation of the first 275 C voltage regulators delivered by Teledyne Philbrick has begun. Teledyne delivered 50 units to Sandia; testing is being performed with the aid of microprocessor based testers and laboratory ovens. Thus far, the units short-term stability and output voltage temperature coefficient are within specification. The 4000 pF capactiros have been successfully fabricated for the Teledyne Philbrick voltage-to-frequency converter hybrid circuit. The capacitors are stable in that they changed less than {+-} 1.5% between room temperature and 300 C. The Sandia exhibit of high temperature components and hybrid circuits was well received at the annual Geothermal Resources Council Meeting in Reno, Nevada, during September 24-26, 1979. A high percentage of attendees requested purchase information for the display items. Such interest indicates a ready market for commercialization. Development of a 300 C integrated circuit, operational amplifier (op amp) is underway at Harris Semiconductor under a Sandia contract. This 300 C op amp will be pin-for-pin replacement for the popular Harris HA4602 quad op amp (rated to 125 C) that is commonly used in many commercial logging tools.
Effect of NaCl Concentration and Temperature on the Phospholipid and Fatty Acid Compositions of a Moderately Halophilic Bacterium, Pseudomonas halosaccharolytica

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Effect of NaCl Concentration and Temperature on the Phospholipid and Fatty Acid Compositions of a Moderately Halophilic Bacterium, Pseudomonas halosaccharolytica Get access Yoshimi OHNO, Yoshimi OHNO Department of Bacteriology, Osaka City University Medical SchoolAbeno-ku, Osaka, Osaka 545 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ikuya YANO, Ikuya YANO Department of Bacteriology, Osaka City University Medical SchoolAbeno-ku, Osaka, Osaka 545 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Masamiki MASUI Masamiki MASUI Department of Bacteriology, Osaka City University Medical SchoolAbeno-ku, Osaka, Osaka 545 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Biochemistry, Volume 85, Issue 2, February 1979, Pages 413–421, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a132348 Published: 01 February 1979 Article history Received: 26 July 1978 Published: 01 February 1979
Design and development of a novel automatic valve system for long-term catheterized urinary incontinence patients

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

It has been estimated that over 3 million patients in the UK suffer from urinary incontinence, the result of which is often long-term catheterization. However, many catheters block prematurely through encrustation and their continuous drainage limits bladder rehabilitation. Although evidence shows that a catheter valve may overcome such weaknesses, only manual valves are currently available and many patients are not able to benefit from these owing to a lack of manual dexterity. A novel electronically controlled automatic valve system, the Shan-Lai (SL) valve system, has been designed and prototyped. The prototype is compact, reliable, and cost effective, and it has low power consumption. The mass of the overall packaged valve system is 34.2 g and it measures 4.5 cm × 4.5 cm × 1.2 cm. With an orifice of 3 mm diameter, the SL valve has achieved high flowrates with relatively low energy consumption. A flowrate-energy relationship (FER) has been introduced to assess the performance of a catheter valve, and the SL valve system prototype has achieved an FER of 0.66 m/s −1 mJ −1 while a commercially available electronic valve has an FER of 0.28 m/s −1 m J-1 . The valve demonstrated outstanding mechanical reliability after a series of performance tests and also indicated remarkable encrustation resistance in the vicinity of the valve during an in-vitro test.
Kasabach–Merritt syndrome, not only a pediatric condition: An autopsy case report and review of literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Kasabach–Merritt syndrome (KMS), also known as hemangioma with thrombocytopenia, is a rare vascular disease characterized by thrombocytopenia, anemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and vascular lesions. It often occurs during infancy and the neonatal period and rarely in adults. The syndrome presents with consumptive coagulopathy initiated within a vascular tumor, mainly tufted angiomas or Kaposiform hemangioendotheliomas, and less commonly, hepatic and/or biliary hemangiomas. We report a case of a 41-year-old female with a recent diagnosis of biopsy proven biliary-type hemangioma of the liver, undergoing fertility treatment, who developed consumptive coagulopathy and disseminated intravascular coagulation shortly following a liver biopsy procedure, and ultimately demised. Based on the review of the literature, we present the first adult case of KMS where the diagnosis was made post-mortem. Given the rarity of this condition, particularly in the adult population, we believe our case adds value to the field of critical care medicine, coagulopathies, and forensic medicine.
Timeliness of Library Materials Delivery: A Set of Priorities

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper describes work performed to obtain a set of aggregate priorities and of values for the timeliness of delivery of library materials. The priorities were expressed through a set of weights and utility curves for eleven categories of materials handled in whole or in part by approximately 800 libraries located in the Greater Cleveland area. To obtain the needed data a panel of librarians representing several types of libraries used the Delphi Method of arriving at consensus. The results described in this paper are being used as input information in a project aimed at establishing optimum library delivery truck schedules and routes in the Greater Cleveland area.
Arabic and Muslim People in Sydney's Daily Newspapers, before and after September 11

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper examines two years of articles/texts located around the concepts of ‘Arab’ and ‘Muslim’ within Sydney's two major daily newspapers. It finds peak issues which concentrate reporting of these concepts and it focuses on language used by journalists and the meanings they carry within the texts chosen around those peak issues. It argues that a consistency of view can be found in three peak issues — the Palestine/Israel conflict, Lebanese rape trials and the arrival of asylum seekers — and that this view is an antipodean development of a Western way of seeing the Orient defined by Edward Said as ‘orientalism’.
Pilot study on the treatment of coking wastewater with a three-stage upflow hydrolytic acidification sludge bioreactor

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This study employed three-stage upflow hydrolytic acidification sludge bioreactor+A2O activated sludge process to treat coking wastewater, focusing on the reactor’s impact on the efficiency of organic matter removal and the mitigation of influent water fluctuations. The effects of the pilot biochemical system on the treatment of coking wastewater and the distribution of microorganisms in the reactors were compared with the existing system. The pilot results revealed that an average COD removal rate of 57.72% for the three-stage upflow reactor, with a maximum removal rate of 66.67% and fluctuation level at 29.85% of influent fluctuations were achieved. After reaching design-loading, the entire pilot system exhibited an average COD removal rate of 91.38%, with peak of 95.73%, and an ammonia removal rate of 97.20%. Characteristic pollutant analysis indicated that removal rates for cyanides and sulfides were 81.53% and 92.07%, respectively. High-throughput sequencing of microorganisms showed a more diverse microbial population in the pilot reactor, particularly in the enrichment of microorganisms for specific pollutant removal. The pilot process of three-stage upflow hydrolytic acidification sludge bioreator+A2O activated sludge treatment resulted in a shorter retention time, which provided a new process direction for coking wastewater.
Unlocking Financial Potential for Urban Nature‐Based Solutions: A PRISMA‐Based Systematic Review

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Contemporary urbanization has intensified environmental, social, and economic challenges, underscoring the need for Nature‐Based Solutions (NBS) to address issues of urban carbon emission, flooding, stormwater management, heatwaves, and biodiversity loss. However, securing funding for NBS implementation and maintenance remains a critical barrier. This study systematically reviews 121 financial‐related scholarly literature on urban NBS, applying the PESTLE (political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental) method to identify barriers to financial innovation and implementation. To ensure reliability, countermeasures cited in at least three independent sources were included. Key financial barriers for urban NBS include unstandardized valuation metrics (19%), insufficient financing mechanisms (15%), and regulatory limits (11%). This review also highlights countermeasures such as economic valuation (8%), innovative finance modalities (8%), tax benefits, and community workshops (7%) that can address these barriers. The study's uniqueness lies in how financial resource alignment and regulatory support, guided by Resource‐Based View and Institutional Theory , can promote sustainable NBS adoption. It also calls for standardized valuation metrics and adaptive monitoring systems to improve the social, environmental, and economic impact of NBS, making them more attractive to investors and ensuring long‐term sustainability. These findings provide actionable insights for financial restructuring and urban planners to effectively bridge funding gaps and promote sustainable environmental financing.
An Introduction to Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning and Review of its Application to Autonomous Mobility

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Many scenarios in mobility and traffic involve multiple different agents that need to cooperate to find a joint solution. Recent advances in behavioral planning use Reinforcement Learning to find effective and performant behavior strategies. However, as autonomous vehicles and vehicle-to-X communications become more mature, solutions that only utilize single, independent agents leave potential performance gains on the road. Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is a research field that aims to find optimal solutions for multiple agents that interact with each other. This work aims to give an overview of the field to researchers in autonomous mobility. We first explain MARL and introduce important concepts. Then, we discuss the central paradigms that underlie MARL algorithms, and give an overview of state-of-the-art methods and ideas in each paradigm. With this background, we survey applications of MARL in autonomous mobility scenarios and give an overview of existing scenarios and implementations.
J0203-2-1 Transvascular drug delivery to target tissue by the use of photomechanical waves

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this study, we examined the use of photomechanical waves (PMWs) to transiently enhance the permeability of blood vessels for drug delivery to target tissues. PMWs were generated by irradiating a laser target (a rubber disk covered with a transparent plastic sheet) with 532-nm, nanosecond laser pulses; a laser target was placed on target tissue. As a test drug, Evans Blue (EB) was injected into a tail vein of a rat, and thereafter PMWs were applied to the dorsal skin, tibial muscle and brain. For brain, a cranial window was made. After perfusion fixation, distributions of fluorescence originating from EB in tissues were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. The fluorescence was observed in the extravascular spaces in all tissues exposed to PMWs, and in addition, EB molecules were found to be introduced to cells in the tissues. In most cases, tissue damage was not observed. These results demonstrate the capability of PMWs for transvascular drug delivery to target tissue.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3′‐Cyano‐2′,3′‐dideoxyadenosine and 2′,3′‐Dideoxy‐3′‐formyladenosine.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Starting with the 5‐O‐silyl‐2‐deoxyadenosine (I), the title compounds (VI) and (VII) are obtained as shown in the reaction scheme.
Cytological studies of subterranean clover ( Trifolium subterraneum L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Somatic chromosome number and morphology in certain strains of subterranean clover and in species of several other fairly closely related genera have been observed. Dwalganup, Yarloop, Mt. Barker, Wenigup, Burnerang, and Red Leaf strains have each 16 fairly small chromosomes, the chromosome complexes being similar to one another and to that obtained by Wexelsen (1928) for the species. Palestine and Israel strains have each 12 large chromosomes, bearing no apparent relationship to those of the other strains but being the same in number and of a similar order of size to those found in Vicia sativa. Chromosome number and morphology may explain the failure to obtain intervarietal crosses involving Palestine, but not the low percentage of successful crosses between other strains. It is suggested that perhaps Palestine and Israel may be more correctly classed as strains of a separate species and that, with regard to their origin, Wexelsen's idea of mutational changes in isolated species offers probably the best explanation.
Two Isolate-specific Resistance Loci for Phytophthora sojae in the Soybean Socheong2

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Phytophthora root rot attributable to infection by the soil-borne oomycete Phytophthora sojae causes serious damage to susceptible soybeans grown in poorly drained soil.Management of this disease depends primarily on Rps (resistance to P. sojae) resistance genes.The objective of this study was to map resistance to two P. sojae isolates (40412 and 2457) in a Daepung × Socheong2 recombinant inbred line population.Of these two varieties, Socheong2 is resistant to the two isolates, whereas Daepung is susceptible.Single-marker analysis of variance and linkage analyses using a high-density genetic map identified different resistance loci for each isolate.A genomic region of 36.2~37.4Mbp on chromosome 3 was identified as being associated with resistance to isolate 40412, explaining 18% of the phenotypic variance (PV), whereas, a 2.1~2.6-Mbpregion on chromosome 18 was significantly associated with resistance to isolate 2457, accounting for approximately 26% of the PV.An additional region of 53.1~53.3Mbp on chromosome 18 was also significantly associated with resistance to isolate 2457.All three loci coincide with genomic regions where an Rps gene or partial resistance have been mapped in previous studies.The respective locus showed significance for only one or the other of the isolates, indicating an isolate-specific interaction.From this finding, it can be inferred that isolates 40412 and 2457 are characterized by different avirulence genes, and that Socheong2 has at least two Rps genes that interact with each isolate.The finding of multiple Rps loci specific to an isolate within a single soybean genotype is a unique discovery.Socheong2 will accordingly be a useful genetic source for breeding resistance to multiple P. sojae isolates.