jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Radial Force and Torque of a Bearingless Switched Reluctance Motor Operating in a Region of Magnetic Saturation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Bearingless switched reluctance motors, which can control rotor radial positions with magnetic force, have been proposed. These motors are characterized by integration of switched reluctance motors and magnetic bearings. It is essential for a control system to consider magnetic saturation in real time in order to realize stable operation at a full torque load. Thus, this paper proposes a method for fast calculation of radial force and torque of a bearingless switched reluctance motor operating in a region of magnetic saturation. It is shown experimentally that the proposed method is effective in calculating the radial force and the torque under conditions of magnetic saturation.
RNA to Rule Them All: Critical Steps in Lassa Virus Ribonucleoparticle Assembly and Recruitment

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Lassa virus is a negative-strand RNA virus with only four structural proteins that causes periodic outbreaks in West Africa. The nucleoprotein (NP) encapsidates the viral genome, forming ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) together with the viral RNA and the L protein. RNPs must be continuously restructured during viral genome replication and transcription. The Z protein is important for membrane recruitment of RNPs, viral particle assembly, and budding and has also been shown to interact with the L protein. However, the interaction of NP, viral RNA, and Z is poorly understood. Here, we characterize the interactions between Lassa virus NP, Z, and RNA using structural mass spectrometry. We identify the presence of RNA as the driver for the disassembly of ring-like NP trimers, a storage form, into monomers to subsequently form higher order RNA-bound NP assemblies. We locate the interaction site of Z and NP and demonstrate that while NP binds Z independently of the presence of RNA, this interaction is pH-dependent. These data improve our understanding of RNP assembly, recruitment, and release in Lassa virus.
A Deep Learning Model to Generate Image Captions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

How computers can automatically describe the substance of photographs using human language is a topic that interests us greatly. We choose to use the most advanced image caption generator currently available to obtain a deeper understanding of this computer vision topic. Show, attend and tell Visually attentive neural image caption generator [12]. Our machine learning-based neural network picture description generator is created in Python using the Pytorch ML framework. In our workﬂow, we’ve determined ﬁve key elements: Data preparation, a convolutional neural network (CNN) it helps in encoding, a recurrent neural network (RNN) it helps in decoding, a beam search to determine the best description, generation of sentences, and assessment make up the R1-R6 framework. The quality and correctness of the generated caption are evaluated using the BLEU-4 score. Each member of our group contributed equally to moving the project forward as we distributed the ﬁve elements mentioned above equally among ourselves. All ﬁve components have been completed successfully, and we can now use Kaggle Notebook to train our network. After the network has been trained and is performing satisfactorily, we continue to see the attention mechanism.
Comparison of Postoperative Outcomes in Colorectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) vs Non-ERAS: A Retrospective Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) represented a significant global health burden, contributing to approximately 10% of all cancer-related mortality worldwide. While surgery remained the primary treatment for resectable CRC, the postoperative period was often characterized by prolonged recovery and complications. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols emerged as a multimodal approach to mitigate these challenges by attenuating surgical stress, optimizing nutritional status, minimizing opioid consumption, promoting early mobilization, and improving psychological well-being. This study aimed to compare the postoperative outcomes between colorectal cancer patients who underwent surgery with ERAS protocols and those who followed traditional non-ERAS recovery pathways. A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single academic institution. The study population comprised 201 adult patients who underwent surgical resection for colorectal cancer between January 2020 and December 2024. Patients were categorized into two groups: the ERAS group (n=135), who were managed according to a standardized ERAS protocol, and the non-ERAS group (n=66), who received traditional postoperative care. Statistical analysis involved independent samples t-tests for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. The ERAS group demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in the mean length of hospital stay compared to the non-ERAS group (7.67 days vs. 8.83 days, p < 0.001). While the ERAS group exhibited slightly higher mean hemoglobin levels postoperatively (11.29 g/dL vs. 11.14 g/dL, p = 0.56), this difference was not statistically significant. Notably, the incidence of postoperative complications was lower in the ERAS group (1 case) compared to the non-ERAS group (4 cases), with a p-value of 0.051, indicating a trend towards significance. In conclusion, the implementation of an ERAS protocol was associated with improved postoperative outcomes in colorectal cancer patients, specifically a significant decrease in the length of hospital stay and a trend towards a lower rate of complications. These findings supported the integration of ERAS pathways into the standard of care for colorectal cancer surgery to enhance patient recovery, potentially reduce healthcare costs, and improve overall patient outcomes.
Surgical Management for Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The incidence of primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is increasing, particularly in younger patients, in part, because of increased prescription of anticoagulants. The ICH incidence rate from 2016 to 2018 in the United States was nearly 79 per 100,000 person-years and as high as 367 per 100,000 person-years among those 75 years or older. Worldwide, ICH comprises 28% of all new strokes, but a higher disease burden than ischemic stroke because of its higher morbidity and mortality. While mortality seems to be decreasing, functional outcomes are not improving. After negative trials of open surgical evacuation, recent trials of medical management strategies including intensive blood pressure control and prothrombotic agents intended to reduce hematoma expansion failed to demonstrate efficacy. Concomitantly, continued interest in minimally invasive surgical approaches arose from appreciation of secondary iatrogenic injury incurred to subcortical white matter tracts from open surgical techniques. A positive trial of minimally invasive surgery for lobar hemorrhage has recently been reported, bringing new optimism and demanding a reconsideration of surgical management of ICH. In this narrative review, we summarize the landmark studies, review recent literature, and consider the outstanding questions surrounding surgical management of ICH.
Study on Co-Relation between Serum Vitamin D Level and Essential Hypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Vitamin D insufficiency affects almost 50% of the population worldwide. This pandemic of hypovitaminosis D can mainly be attributed to lifestyle and environmental factors that reduce exposure to sunlight, which is required for ultraviolet-B (UVB)-induced vitamin D production in the skin. Importantly, conditions associated with reduced UVB- induced vitamin D production, such as high latitude, industrialization, and dark skin, have all been associated with increased blood pressure values. The aim of this study is to study the level of vitamin- D in patients with essential hypertension, to identify whether any association exists between age, sex, body mass index, and, to study Diabetes, and target organ damage and the presence of decreased level of Vitamin-D.
TRADE AND THE ENVIRONMENT: EFFICIENCY, EQUITY AND SOVEREIGNTY CONSIDERATIONS

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The Uruguay Round trade agreement includes a new programme of work to examine the relationship between trade and environmental policies. Environmental groups remain suspicious that trade liberalisation will undermine or discourage improvements in environmental standards. In this paper, the use of trade measures to protect producers from competition with goods produced under less stringent environmental standards is examined. It is shown that such measures will not improve national welfare, and may undermine environmental policies. Failure of a government to enact appropriate environmental policies constitutes an implicit subsidy, and equity considerations suggest that this will continue to create pressure for changes to the GATT to protect producers who are meeting higher standards.
Métodos de Pontos Interiores Aplicados à Basis Pursuit

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Vários são os métodos propostos para reconstrução de sinal. Nosso enfoque é o método Basis Pursuit. Trabalhando com dicionários overcomplete, são inúmeras as combinações possíveis para a representação do sinal e Basis Pursuit encontra a mais esparsa. Veremos que podemos reescrever o problema em questão como um problema de programação linear. Apresentaremos um método já existente para a resolução deste problema, o Método Primal-Dual Barreira Logarítmica. Vamos aplicar o Método Barreira Logarítmica, e buscando maior eficiência, iremos incluir a direção afim-escala, a direção de centragem e a direção de correção no mesmo método, obtendo o Método Primal-Dual Barreira Logarítmica Preditor-Corretor. Resultados computacionais com problemas reais comprovam a eficiência do método proposto.
LPCVD SiNx thin film on c-Si wafer by spectroscopic ellipsometry

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Infrared to ultraviolet range ellipsometric spectra of thin film silicon nitride (SiNx) collected from rotating compensator instruments have been analyzed simultaneously. A common complex dielectric function (ε = ε1 + iε2) parameterization from 0.08 to 5.89 eV for amorphous 490 Å thick low pressure chemical vapor deposition SiNx, nominally x = 1.33 Si3N4, on a single crystal silicon (c-Si) wafer is determined. Visible to ultraviolet range electronic transitions at high photon energies and infrared active vibrational modes at low energies are identified.
Analytical and computer dynamic discrete simulation model of the mechanism for the formation of monetary amounts to be paid to the enterprise for the production of rocket and space equipment

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The key point of flow process modeling is that it is based on the use of discrete models. In traditional approaches to modeling production processes, time is considered as a continuous quantity. Static models are far from reality, since any production has a cyclical nature, since any product is produced in a finite time. In the modern theory and practice of modeling, mathematical models of economic processes in which time changes discretely are of great importance. The work combines various aspects of management, found a common language and structure in describing various conditions in production, the supply of components, raw materials, materials, as well as research, based on investments in staff training and product quality. The key point of flow process modeling is that it is based on the use of discrete models. In traditional approaches to modeling production processes, time is considered as a continuous quantity. Static models are far from reality, since any production has a cyclical nature, since any product is produced in a finite time. In the modern theory and practice of modeling, mathematical models of economic processes in which time changes discretely are of great importance. The work combines various aspects of management, found a common language and structure in describing various conditions in production, the supply of components, raw materials, materials, as well as research, based on investments in staff training and product quality. This article discusses the actual problems of the formation of flows that characterize the financial results of the company's activities for the production of launch vehicles. It is shown that the main flow parameters characterizing the financial condition of the enterprise are the cash flow to be paid and the cash flow to receive incoming funds for the sale of rocket kits, each of these flows is represented by a discrete simulation equation, the solution of which is carried out using computer models. An equation has been formed to determine the cash flow for the payment of wages to the main production personnel at the enterprise. To assess the magnitude of the effect as the final result of the company's activities, an equation has been formed that allows determining the specific cost of the launch vehicle. At a known price and its unit cost, mathematical and computer models of the profit flow received by the enterprise are formed. The graphs of the trajectories of changes in the flow of profit and the expenditure on wages presented in the work allow us to determine the time of the transition process and its dynamic stability under imposed disturbances in the volume of the order from Roscosmos.
Overexpression of the WOX5 gene inhibits shoot development

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 5 (WOX5) is a member of the WUSCHEL (WUS) homeodomain transcription factor family. WOX5 is expressed mainly in the quiescent center (QC) and confers stem cell identity in the root apical meristem (RAM). Consistent with the role of WUS in repressing root meristem development, we found that ectopic expression of WOX5 disrupted shoot development by repressing shoot-related genes, such as YABBY1 (YAB1). Our findings suggest that WOX5 and WUS potentially confer different tissue identities and specify RAM and SAM, respectively.
Teacher Preparation and Student Achievement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There are fierce debates over the best way to prepare teachers. Some argue that easing entry into teaching is necessary to attract strong candidates, whereas others argue that investing in high quality teacher preparation is the most promising approach. Most agree, however, that we lack a strong research basis for understanding how to prepare teachers. This article is one of the first to estimate the effects of features of teachers’ preparation on teachers’ value added to student test score performance. Our results indicate variation across preparation programs in the average effectiveness of the teachers they are supplying to New York City schools. In particular, preparation directly linked to practice appears to benefit teachers in their 1st year.
Application of the European Court of Human Rights practices by the investigator during the search

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The European Court of Human Rights has long been issuing judgments in which it has argued that human rights and freedoms are violated by the authorised state bodies in their professional activities, specifically in such a complex investigative (search) action as a search, which demonstrates the relevance of investigating the issues of applying the practice of this court by investigators during a search. The purpose of this study was to determine the basis for the investigator to apply the practices of the European Court of Human Rights during a search and to formulate relevant recommendations for investigative practice. To fulfil this purpose, the following scientific methods were employed: philosophical (dialectical), general scientific (analysis, induction, deduction, comparative legal, analogy, formal legal), and special forensic (forensic versioning, forensic planning, criminal analysis of the situation) methods. The study found that the application of the practices of the European Court of Human Rights by an investigator during the col- lection of evidence, specifically during a search, is regulated by the national legislation of Ukraine. It was emphasised that the investigator is authorised to apply the judgments of the European Court of Human Rights, delivered both against Ukraine and other states, during the search. Based on the analysis of several judgments of the European Court of Human Rights concerning Ukraine and Bulgaria, the study found that they reflect not only the criminal procedural aspects of search (compliance of the criminal procedure leg- islation of Ukraine and Bulgaria with the provisions of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and its protocols; clear requirements for conducting procedural actions), but also the forensic aspects (contain an indication of the optimised tactical behaviour of investigators in cer- tain situations; prescribe the mechanism, method of detection, recording and seizure (obtaining) of forensi- cally relevant information). The study identified the stages of a search and the specific features of applying the practices of the European Court of Human Rights within their framework. Based on the findings of the study, certain forensic recommendations for investigators during a search were developed based on the practices of the European Court of Human Rights. The findings of the study will be useful for improving the relevant provisions of the criminal procedure legislation of Ukraine and investigative practice
Forecasting the Volatility of Tuna Fish Prices in North Sumatra using the ARCH Method in the Period January - April 2024

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Tuna (Euthynnus affinis) is one of the most important fisheries commodities in Indonesia with significant economic value, especially in its contribution to fisheries export revenue. However, the price of tuna experiences significant fluctuations that can affect local and national economic stability. This study analyzes the daily price fluctuations of tuna in the North Sumatra market from January 1, 2024 to April 29, 2024 using a time series analysis approach. Daily price data were collected and analyzed to identify existing price patterns and volatility. The Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (ARCH) model was selected to address the heteroscedasticity in the data, which suggests that the volatility of tuna prices can be well predicted based on past price behavior. The analysis steps include identifying the optimal ARCH model using the Autocorrelation Function (ACF) and Partial Autocorrelation Function (PACF), as well as testing parameter significance and normality assumptions to validate the model fit. The results show that the ARMA (1,0,0) model is the optimal one to model the price volatility of yellow tuna with the MAPE obtained of 2.382. compared to the ARMA-ARCH method with the MAPE value obtained of 2,747. Because it still contains heteroskedasticity effects, even though the results are good, the prediction results do not closely match the original data. The model is effective in improving price forecasting accuracy, which is important to support decision-making in risk management and economic planning in the fisheries sector. The findings contribute to understanding the dynamics of the yellowtail market and optimizing strategies for fisheries management.
Fermentation of uniformly labeled C14 glucose in vitro by micro-organisms of the bovine rumen

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present report describes a procedure developed for tracing C¹⁴ labeled glucose in rumen material in vitro. Twenty-five ml. samples of rumen fluid were incubated with uniformly labeled glucose for 1 1/2 hours in a closed system. The distribution of activity in both unfermented control samples and fermented samples was determined among protein and particulate material, ether extractable substances, amino acids and peptides, sugars and other neutral molecules, carbon dioxide, and methane. Samples were counted as barium carbonate following wet oxidation. Subsamples of the control and fermented samples indicated 80 to 85% recovery of C¹⁴. In these preliminary trials, additional losses were encountered among some individual fractions. Data indicated differences between fermentative activity of the two samples from different animals. In Trial I, 29% of 14 the fermented glucose C¹⁴ was recovered in the protein-particulate fraction, 15.6% in the carbon dioxide, and 10.5% in the ether extract. In Trial II, the ether extractable fraction contained 23.5% of the activity, 14.5% was recovered in the protein-particulate fraction, and 14.3% in the carbon dioxide.
Wasp-Pollinated Species of Caladenia (Orchidaceae) in South-Western Australia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Twelve of the 40 Caladenia species of Western Australia have been observed to attract male wasps (Tiphiidae; subfamily Thynninae) by visual and pheromonal mechanisms. Floral colours are predominantly combinations of green, cream and brown. Labella bear dark maroon tips or dark calli on the upper surface which are visual wasp equivalents. Glandular areas on perianth tips are demonstrated to be sources of sexual attractants in some species. Flower form and position are adjusted to the flight behaviour of the wasps. Each Caladenia species appears to attract and be pollinated by only one wasp species at the orchid site although there is limited evidence of geographic pollinator replacement in some species. Sexually attracting Caladenia species form occasional hybrids with food- advertising species. Divergent pollination mechanisms have not resulted in complete genetic isolation.
A Study on Favorability and Satisfaction after Using Natural Toothpaste among College Students

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives: Toothpaste, which is essential for toothbrushing, suppresses the formation of calculus to clean the oral cavity, prevent tooth decay and periodontitis, avoid dental plaque, and remove halitosis. However, numerous recent reports on the side effects and toxicity of the chemical compounds in toothpaste have led to active research aiming to develop oral hygiene products that contain safe substances, thereby increasing the development of and interest in natural materials. According to many studies, natural toothpaste has been made from Artemisia capillaris Thunberg, which has strong antibacterial effects throughout the human body; cinnamon, which is used as food and medicine, has a strong scent that helps control halitosis and suppress fungal growth. This study aims to evaluate the favorability of and satisfaction with the use of toothpaste that contains natural materials extracted from A. capillaris Thunberg and cinnamon. Methods: In the experiment, college students used natural toothpaste for five days, and their oral hygiene before and after use was assessed. For statistical analysis, a frequency analysis and a confidence interval test were run using the software SPSS WIN 25.0. Results: Most of the subjects used the rotation method, and 72.5% of them had no experience using natural toothpaste. The expected effect of the natural toothpaste was higher in halitosis reduction than in bacterial reduction. The use of the natural toothpaste also showed a reduction in oral resident bacteria. Conclusions: The favorability of and satisfaction with the use of natural toothpastes were determined. The natural toothpaste effectively removed oral resident bacteria.