jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
FDI Determinants in the European Union: Empirical Application

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to verify and estimate, besides gravity factors, the individual country specific determinants in influencing FDI inflows to the selected countries. More than standard factors, we revile additional factors, which could explain the investment in the EU. In this context, we take into account the neighboring effects as an important motive for FDI inflows last time. Our findings verify that efficiency-seeking and more complex form of the FDI determinants is more pronounced strategy now in the new EU member states than market-seeking FDI that is more relevant for the whole EU. Moreover, in addition to the existing literature, we argue that a variation in FDI determined by the EU-2004 enlargement started earlier than official date and remains its impact. Supposedly, a significant surrounding market potential could be for the new EU member states an evidence of the complex vertical FDI determinant today.
5-demethylubiquinone-9-methyltransferase from rat liver mitochondria. Characterization, localization, and solubilization.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The methyltransferase responsible for the conversion of 5-demethylubiquinone-9 to ubiquinone-9 in rat liver mitochondria has been shown to be localized in the inner membrane of rat liver mitochondria. NADH was required to generate the hydroquinone, which was the immediate substrate for methylation. The Km for 5-demethylubiquinone-9 was estimated to be in the range of 60 to 80 nM and the Km for S-adenosylmethionine was found to be 22 micronM. The methyl-transferase was solubilized by Triton X-100, a procedure which inactivated the 5-demethylubiquinone-9 reductase. Dithionite was found to partially substitute for NADH in both membranous and soluble systems. Inhibitors of catechol-O-methyltransferase were not effective inhibitors of 5-demethylubiquinone-9-methyltransferase. In addition, catechol-O-methyltransferase and 5-demethylubiquinone-9-methyltransferase were found to have reciprocal subcellular localizations. It is likely that the hydrophobic side chain of ubiquinone, added to p-hydroxybenzoate in the first biosynthetic step, is required for attachment to the lipid bilayer. This permits subsequent metabolism of the ring system by membrane-bound enzymes, including the final methylation to form ubiquinone-9.
Klasifikasi Data Mining Prediksi Penjualan dengan Metode Appriori

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Databases stored on storage media are rarely used by most of their users and even within a certain period of time the data is deleted because it is considered trash and only fills up the storage media. This assumption is not entirely true, because in fact a large database can provide the information needed for various interests, both for business interests in making decisions and for science and research. The development of information and communication technology in this era often called the millennial, information and communication technology is also increasingly advanced and developing and cannot be avoided. Where the development and progress of information and communication technology is growing very rapidly, such as the need for data processing which is increasing every day and if left alone, the data will be useless. By using the Text Mining technique, the classification method, a sentiment will be known to be positive, neutral or negative. One of the algorithms widely used in sentiment analysis is the Naïve Bayes classification method. This study uses the Naïve Bayes Classifier (NBC) method with tf-idf weighting accompanied by the addition of an emotion icon conversion feature (emoticon) to determine the existing sentiment class from tweets about Agu Ate Store. The results of the study show that the Naïve Bayes method without additional features is able to classify sentiment with an accuracy value of 96.44%, while if the tf-idf weighting feature is added along with the emotion icon conversion, the accuracy value can be increased to 98%.
Something always sticks? how emotional language modulates neural processes involved in face encoding and recognition memory

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Language can serve to constrain cognitive and emotional representations. Here, we investigate to what extent linguistic emotional information alters processing of faces with neutral expressions. Previous studies have shown that cortical processing of emotional faces differs from that of neutral faces. Electroencephalography (EEG) has revealed emotion effects for early and late event-related potentials (ERPs) such as the N1, the Early Posterior Negativity (EPN) and the Late Positive Potential (LPP). In order to study the effect of language information on face processing, 30 negative and 30 neutral descriptive phrases were presented, each followed by a neutral expression face. Participants were instructed to remember the association. We analyzed the immediate effect of information type on face processing during encoding as well as delayed effects during subsequent recognition. During encoding, faces following negative language information elicited a larger left frontal positivity between 500–700 ms after stimulus onset. During recognition, a left centro-parietal LPP was likewise increased for faces previously associated with a negative description. In addition, the parietal old/new effect was significantly increased for faces with negative information compared to new ones, while no significant effect was observed for faces with neutral information. No information effects on early perceptual ERPs (N1, EPN) were found. Reaction times (RTs) for source memory decisions (negative versus neutral) were significantly shorter for faces with negative versus neutral information. In sum, ERP results indicate that emotional significance can be linguistically induced in faces on a cortical level and, at least in an explicit memory task, this information modulates later stages of face processing and memory. Implications for cognitive effects of public media design are discussed.
Effect of Pantoprazole on the Course of Reflux-Associated Laryngitis: a Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Crossover Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The self-limited nature of reflux-associated laryngitis in non-smokers is largely underestimated. Laryngitis improves despite the persistence of reflux. Pantoprazole may be helpful especially in relieving acute symptoms, but the advantage of long-term treatment over placebo has been greatly overestimated.
Selling Singapore, forging a nation : tourism and nation-building in Singapore 1959-1980

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Tourism has long been seen as an integral component in Singapore’s economy. As such, Singapore’s tourism strategies are usually interpreted from an economic perspective, in terms of increasing visitor numbers and contributing to a country’s GDP, and stimulating different segments of the economy. However, a country’s tourism strategies can serve a larger national purpose apart from merely attracting overseas audiences and contributing tourism dollars to a country’s economy. Hence, this thesis examines how Singapore’s tourism strategies were intricately connected with national programmes aimed at shaping Singapore’s society, environment, economic development and citizenry during a critical period of nation-building from 1959 to 1980. More significantly, this study also highlights how the global outreach embodied in tourism is often linked to local campaigns to fashion selves, habits and the everyday lives of Singaporeans, and at the same time helped define and shape the identity and character of Singapore in the process.
FROM THE SEINE BANK TO THE CARPATHIAN RIDGES: FRENCH GEOGRAPHER EMMANUEL DE MARTONNE AND THE ROMANIAN ACADEMIC RECOGNITION

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this article, our aim is to redrawn the connections between the French geographer Emmanuel de Martonne, the one that was claimed to have had an academic life worthy of an adventure novel, and the Romanian Academy, the representative institution of the Romanian intelligentsia. Formed in the French academic environment, this geographer devoted a considerable part of his scientific activity, beginning with the end of the 19th century, to the Romanian geography. In this process, if we were to analyze statistically these points in his scientific work, we mention two doctoral theses and between 60-70 studies and articles. These works are really astonishing, and the Romanian geography has not had such a personality. However, the academic recognition of these merits came relatively late in 1912, being the result of a process of promotion involving the geographers S. Mehedinti and Stefan C. Hepites. After the first discussions, the election was unanimous, Em. de Martonne becoming from this moment a corresponding
member of the academic institution. Later, in 1919, after the First World War, in the context of the visit of the French university mission, the teachers: Em. by Martonne, L. Poincaré, C. Diehl, Gustave Fougères, Victor Balthaz, Daniel Berthelot, Paul Janet, Joseph Bédier and Eugène Meynal were declared honorary members of the Romanian Academy as a recognition of their efforts to promote abroad the Romanian environment, ideas and ideals. These two moments are significant for the connections between the French geographer Emmanuel de Martonne and the Romanian Academy, and in the following period there is a strengthening of the geographic collaboration between the Romanian and the French geographic school.
Urinary Effects of Routine Urethral Catheterisation during Elective Caesarean Section in Enugu, Nigeria: A Randomised Controlled Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Routine urinary catheterisation during elective caesarean section is a common practice. However, this practice involves some urinary bladder morbidities. Aim: To determine the effect of non-catheterisation of the urinary bladder on the incidence of significant bacteriuria and other perioperative urinary bladder morbidities during elective caesarean section in Enugu, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A multicentre, non-inferiority randomised controlled study was conducted. The study centres were the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Mother of Christ Specialist Hospital (MOCSH), and Blessed Assurance Specialist Hospital (BASH), all in Enugu State, Southeast Nigeria. A total of 264 eligible consenting term pregnant women who had a caesarean section in these three specialist centres in Enugu, Nigeria over a one-year period were recruited and they completed the study and their results were analysed. Study group (A) did not receive urethral catheterisation while the control group (B) had urethral catheterisation on the operating table and the catheters were removed 24 hours after the surgery. Clean catched urine samples were collected from each participant 72 hours after the surgery for urine microscopy and culture. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of significant bacteriuria 72 hours postoperatively while the secondary outcome measures included incidence of intraoperative bladder injury (accidental cystostomy), primary postpartum haemorrhage and urinary retention. Results: Nine (6.8%) women in the non-catheter group (n=132) had significant bacteriuria as against 17 (12.9%) women in the catheter group (n=132), (Relative Risk (RR)=0.5 (95% CI: 0.24-1.14) p=0.098). Urinary retention was observed in 10.6% (14/132) of the non-catheter group while there was no case of urinary retention in the control group (p<0.001). There was neither a case of accidental cystostomy nor postpartum haemorrhage in either group. Conclusion: Non-catheterisation of the urinary bladder during elective caesarean section had no significant relationship with the incidence of significant bacteriuria in Enugu, Nigeria. Rather, it was associated with postoperative urinary retention when compared to women who had a urinary catheter.
Reflections on technologies for studying children and media

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

There is a great opportunity for modern technologies to advance research on children and media. Noninvasive data collection and analysis of a large variety of behaviors and bodily functions are becoming more possible, affordable, and useable with children. These include brain imaging, genetic and epigenetic analysis, hormonal assays, eye tracking, actigraphy, point of view video recording, content analysis, and language analysis. The possibilities for entirely new perspectives and forms of knowledge are exciting and growing.
Enhancing Image Quality for Highly Noisy Images Using Gaussian and Bilateral Filter

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Removing mixed noise from images is one of the challenging problem. In this paper, presents a new method for unsharp masking for contrast enhancement of images. The approach employs an adaptive median that controls the contribution of the sharpening path in such a way that contrast enhancement occurs in high detail areas and noise detection technique for remove mixed noise from images. A hybrid cumulative histogram equalization (HCHE) is proposed for adaptive contrast enhancement.
Hepatoprotective Role of Carvedilol against Ischemic Hepatitis Associated with Acute Heart Failure via Targeting miRNA-17 and Mitochondrial Dynamics-Related Proteins: An In Vivo and In Silico Study

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Acute heart failure (AHF) is one of the most common diseases in old age that can lead to mortality. Systemic hypoperfusion is associated with hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury, which may be irreversible. Ischemic hepatitis due to AHF has been linked to the pathogenesis of liver damage. In the present study, we extensively investigated the role of mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins and their epigenetic regulation in ischemic liver injury following AHF and explored the possible hepatoprotective role of carvedilol. The biochemical analysis revealed that the ischemic liver injury following AHF significantly elevated the activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymes, the level of total and direct bilirubin, and the expression of hepatic mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), dynamin-1-like protein (DNM1L), and hepatic miRNA-17. At the same time, it significantly reduced the serum albumin level, the activity of hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the expression of mitochondrial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-1α (PGC-1α), and mitofusin 2 (Mtf2). The histological examination of the liver tissue revealed degenerated hepatocytes. Interestingly, administration of carvedilol either prior to or after isoprenaline-induced AHF significantly improved the liver function and reversed the deterioration effect of AHF-induced ischemic hepatitis, as demonstrated by biochemical, immunohistochemical, and histological analysis. Our results indicated that the hepatoprotective effect of carvedilol in ameliorating hepatic ischemic damage could be attributed to its ability to target the mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins (Mtf2, DNM1L and PGC-1α), but also their epigenetic regulator miRNA-17. To further explore the mode of action of carvedilol, we have investigated, in silico, the ability of carvedilol to target dynamin-1-like protein and mitochondrial dynamics protein (MID51). Our results revealed that carvedilol has a high binding affinity (−14.83 kcal/mol) toward the binding pocket of DNM1L protein. In conclusion, our study highlights the hepatoprotective pharmacological application of carvedilol to attenuate ischemic hepatitis associated with AHF.
Abstract 4685: Cancer associated fibroblasts promote ovarian cancer chemoresistance by inducing cancer stem cells through Wnt signaling

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy and the 5th leading cause of cancer related deaths among women in the USA. Most patients eventually succumb to chemoresistant disease and the purpose of this study is to understand the mechanism of development of chemoresistance and disease relapse. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) consist of a small subpopulation in the tumor that are resistant to cytotoxic chemotherapy and cause relapse. The tumor microenvironment can potentially provide an optimal cancer stem cell niche for cancer stem cell growth and maintenance. Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one of the main constituents of the tumor microenvironment in ovarian tumors, promoting tumor progression and chemoresistance. We have studied the potential role of CAFs in maintaining CSC population and enhancing chemoresistance with an objective to develop effective approaches to overcome chemoresistance and tumor relapse. Co-culture of high grade serous ovarian cancer cells with CAFs resulted in increased resistance to carboplatin. ALDH1A1 is a well-established marker for ovarian cancer CSCs and the ALDH+ population was significantly increased upon co-culture with CAFs. Similarly, CAFs also enhanced spheroid formation of ovarian cancer cells seeded in ultralow adhesion plates in CSC medium. Interestingly, co-culturing ALDH- ovarian cancer cells with CAFs resulted in the induction of ALDH+ cells within 6 days. Analysis of the signaling pathways activated in ovarian cancer CSCs and the gene expression profiles of ovarian cancer CAFs indicated the potential role of Wnt signaling in the productive cross-talk between CAFs and ovarian cancer CSCs. Treatment with Wnt inhibitors abrogated the induction of CSCs by CAFs. By selectively silencing porcupine, a protein involved in Wnt ligand lipidation and secretion, we further confirmed that CAF derived Wnts are responsible for the induction of CSC. Studies are ongoing to identify the specific Wnt ligand involved in the cross-talk and downstream pathways activated during CSC induction and maintenance by CAFs. Our results indicate that CAF-derived Wnt ligands are instrumental in ovarian cancer CSC growth and maintenance. In the long term, our studies will broaden the understanding of CSC maintenance by the tumor microenvironment and contribute towards the development of novel therapeutic approaches to prevent ovarian cancer chemoresistance and relapse. Citation Format: Yiming Fang, Mohamed A. Abd El Aziz, Kartikeya Tiwari, Anirban K. Mitra. Cancer associated fibroblasts promote ovarian cancer chemoresistance by inducing cancer stem cells through Wnt signaling [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4685.
[Idiopathic granulomatous hypophysitis: clinical apppearance and imaging].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Idiopathic granulomatous hypophysitis is a chronic inflammation of the pituitary gland. It is a rare occurrence and is diagnosed only on pathologic examination. We report a case of a 23-year-old female patient presenting with polyuria and polydipsia associated with a pituitary failure and hyperprolactinemia. MRI study showed a space occupying lesion of the pituitary gland with a marked enhancement after gadolinium injection. Pituitary biopsy was consistent with the diagnosis of idiopathic granulomatous hypophysitis. The aim of this work is to discuss the different clinical and radiological aspects of the disease with a special emphasis on differential diagnosis.
Function spaces of parabolic Bloch type

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The $L^{(\alpha)}$-harmonic function is the solution of the parabolic operator $L^{(\alpha)}= \partial_{t}+(-\Delta_{x})^{\alpha}$. We study a function space $\widetilde{{\cal B}}_{\alpha}(\sigma)$ consisting of $L^{(\alpha)}$-harmonic functions of parabolic Bloch type. In particular, we give a reproducing formula for functions in $\widetilde{{\cal B}}_{\alpha}(\sigma)$. Furthermore, we study the fractional calculus on $\widetilde{{\cal B}}_{\alpha}(\sigma)$. As an application, we also give a reproducing formula with fractional orders for functions in $\widetilde{{\cal B}}_{\alpha}(\sigma)$. Moreover, we investigate the dual and pre-dual spaces of function spaces of parabolic Bloch type.
Economic Outcomes of Risperidone in Comparison to Typical Neuroleptic Agents for Treatment-Resistant Psychosis: A Community-Based Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To compare the costs of treatment for psychosis with risperidone and typical neuroleptics in severely ill outpatients treated in a community mental health setting. Methods: This was an open, retrospective, controlled cohort comparison of actual costs of psychiatric treatment in a group of 17 patients treated with risperidone for psychotic disorders and 15 typical neuroleptic-treated controls matched for severity of illness. Assignment to the two groups was nonrandomized, and outcome data were gathered for the duration of the study for each subject, with dropouts included. Results: Risperidone use did not lead to increased treatment expenses compared with typical neuroleptic use in a mean of approximately nine months follow-up. The median overall cost per patient per year was $2,703 in the risperidone group, compared with $2,551 in the typical neuroleptic group (p = 0.64). Increased drug costs (mean expenses per patient per year: $1,631 for risperidone vs. $357 for typical neuroleptics; p = 0.005) were offset by reduced expenses due to decreased hospitalization rates (mean expenses per patient per year: $1,379 for risperidone vs. $3,920 for typical neuroleptics; p = 0.04). Use of other outpatient services did not significantly differ between the two groups. Conclusions: Use of risperidone led to lower hospitalization rates in this severely ill sample and did not lead to greater overall expense than typical neuroleptic use.
School counselors in action reframing professional development to engage families

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Co llege enrollment rates in the U.S. have increased over the last 40 years, yet students from undcrservcd communities remain underrepresented. Families in these communities aspire for their children to go to college, but often lack access to the necessary social capital to transform aspirations for their children into action. Federal 6 initiatives focused on increasing educational attainment for students in underserved comn1tmities emphasize the critically important role of the school counselor. The school counselor is ideally positioned to reduce barriers to family engagement in the college access process. Yet, there is a lack of focused support and professional development resources for school counselors. To gain more in sight into how professional development might improve counselors' abilities to support family engagement in college access, I employed an action-oriented qualitative case study to critically consider how urban school counselors took action to address local educational inequities and engage families as partners in the postsecondary process.
Complementarity between the EU and NATO in light of the war in Ukraine: an analysis from the perspective of collective securitization theory

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Although the majority of studies on collective securitization theory (CST) focus primarily on states as the principal actors, certain scholars also concede the potential occurrence of collective securitization within international organizations. Aligned with this viewpoint, the present article posits that CST framework can serve as a valuable tool in substantiating the commonly voiced notion of complementarity between NATO and EU. With this purpose, specific focus is placed on Russia's war in Ukraine that has been unfolding since February 2022. Hence, all six stages of CST have been taken into consideration to justify the assumption that CST is applicable as an analytical framework to elucidate such complementarity.