jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Epoch-making decision in internetworking: NTT's open network declaration from a historical perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Heated debate still continues in Japan as to whether or not the world largest common carrier Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, NTT, be divested. As NTT's declaration of network opening (hereafter open network declaration, or OND) was made public in the midst of this controversy, it was sometimes mistaken as a counterproposal to escape from breaking up. However, its significance will become apparent when we trace the history of interconnection as well as competition in Japan. This article tries to identify several precedents of network opening, and to place OND appropriately in the public policy under competitive environment. The first section analyzes the performance of the telecommunications market and points out how barriers to competition have been eliminated or kept intact since its liberalization in 1985. The second section observes liberalization from a longer-term perspective, beginning in the early '70s, and describes how computer communication developed. The third section surveys how OND may change the business environment. The final section draws attention to the future, when many subnetworks are interlinked through OND, and emphasizes the importance of a dispute-settling mechanism for interconnection.
Modelling the implications for New Zealand trade and producer returns from different scenarios relating to the demand and supply of organic products

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper describes historical, current and potential market opportunities for organic produce in New Zealand and overseas. New Zealand is unique as a developing country relying on agricultural production and trade for most of its foreign exchange earnings. The challenge for the NZ agricultural sector is to access high value markets, as consumer demand changes, away from price, to a greater focus on food safety and concern over the environment. We assess potential scenarios of development in the sector, using the Lincoln Trade and Environment Model (LTEM), a partial equilibrium trade model that differentiates between organic and conventional production methods.
A new cryptodire from the Eocene of the Na Duong Basin (northern Vietnam) sheds new light on Pan-Trionychidae from Southeast Asia

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Massonne, Tobias, Augustin, Felix J., Matzke, Andreas T., Bohme, Madelaine (2023): A new cryptodire from the Eocene of the Na Duong Basin (northern Vietnam) sheds new light on Pan-Trionychidae from Southeast Asia. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology (2217505) 21 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2023.2217505, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2217505
Software Re-Documentation Process and Tool

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Researchers and professionals know the importance of the documentation for the efficient maintenance of legacy software. Unfortunately, many legacy systems lack this important artifact. Maintenance then becomes a difficult process where software engineers must study and understand the system over and over again. A possible solution out of this situation is to re-document the legacy system. In this article we will present a software re-documentation process, its main features, and constituting activities. We will also present a tool we are developing to automate this process as much as possible. This tools runs in Java and is currently designed for Visual Basic legacy systems. 1
The Battle of Biblical Books in Esther's Narrative

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Research Article| September 01 1983 The Battle of Biblical Books in Esther's Narrative Janet L. Larson Janet L. Larson Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Nineteenth-Century Fiction (1983) 38 (2): 131–160. https://doi.org/10.2307/3044787 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Janet L. Larson; The Battle of Biblical Books in Esther's Narrative. Nineteenth-Century Fiction 1 September 1983; 38 (2): 131–160. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3044787 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentNineteenth-Century Literature Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1983 Regents of the University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Chemical Profile, Antioxidant Activity and α-Glucosidase Inhibition of Sea Grape Caulerpa lentillifera Collected from Different Sites in Thailand

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Caulerpa lentillifera (sea grapes) stands out for its nutritional profile and associated health advantages. Seaweeds, including sea grapes, exhibit diverse chemical compositions that are influenced by environmental conditions. This study aimed to compare the chemical composition, metabolite content, antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibition of sea grapes collected at different sites (Phetchaburi and Trang) and at different times during the month of January, April, and July 2022. Both collection times and sites have influenced all assessed parameters. The sea grapes collected from Trang had a significantly higher amount of metabolite, antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than those from Phetchaburi at p < 0.001. The highest amount of phenolic compound (93.76 ± 2.39 mg GAE/g extract) and reducing power (EC50 = 25.86 ± 0.20 mg/mL) occurred in sea grapes in April month, while those collected in January and April had high DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging (EC50 < 7.50 mg/mL). The highest inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase (EC50 = 19.27 ± 0.40 mg/mL) was found in the sea grapes collected in January. The LC-QTOF MS/MS result of sea grape extract indicated similar compounds in amino acids, fatty acids, lipids, nucleic acids, carboxylic acids, cyanogenic glucosides, steroids, terpenoids and vitamins. The disparity in phenolic profiles between Phetchaburi (9) and Trang (14) sea grapes was related to higher phenolic compound and flavonoid contents, coupled with antioxidant properties in Trang. These findings supported the possible use of sea grapes from Trang as a reservoir of bioactive compounds. HIGHLIGHTS Chemical profile and content, antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibition of sea grapes was analyzed Collection times and sites affected all measured parameters of sea grapes extract Sea grapes from Trang exhibited higher all measured parameters than Phetchaburi A novel chemical profiling of sea grapes was displayed via LC-QTOF MS/MS analysis GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
A 30-year Evaluation of the Agreement between Clinical and Histopathological Diagnoses of Peripheral Epithelial and Mesenchymal Lesions in Mashhad Dental School: 1976-2006

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Statement of Problems: Sufficient knowledge, experience and careful examination usually lead to appropriate clinical diagnosis. However, lesions with similar clinical features present a diagnostic challenge. Therefore, a confirmatory histopathological examination can be helpful to reach the final diagnosis. Purpose: The present study was conducted to evaluate the agreement between clinical and histopathological diagnoses of oral epithelial and mesenchymal lesions in a period of 30-years (1976-2006) at Mashhad Dental School. Materials and Methods: The percentage of concurrence and discrepancy between clinical and histopathological diagnoses of 625 epithelial and 2480 mesenchymal lesions was compared. Clinical data including the patient’s gender and age and the lesion’s location were also evaluated in cases with discrepancy. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney, T-Test, Chi-Square, Likehood Ratio, Fisher’s Exact and Kappa tests. Results: An overall agreement between clinical and histopathological diagnoses was seen in 71/4% of epithelial lesion cases, with maximum parity in squamous cell carcinoma and papilloma. In 57/1% of the mesenchymal cases, the diagnosis was in total agreement. Denture hyperplasia, epulis fissuratum, and pregnancy tumor showed the highest concurrence, respectively. Conclusion: Although histopathological examination leads to final diagnosis, in some cases proper strategies and more attention to clinical features of the lesion are necessary to minimize the discrepancy, especially for those with non-specific clinical presentation. Key words: Histopathological diagnosis, Epithelial lesion, Mesenchymal lesion
Strategy-Proof Exchange

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We consider the allocation of goods in exchange economies with a finite number of agents who may have private information about their preferences. In such a setting, standard allocation rules such as Walrasian equilibria or rational expectations equilibria are not compatible with individual incentives. We characterize the set of allocation rules which are incentive compatible, or in other words, the set of strategy-proof social choice functions. Social choice functions which are strategy-proof are those which can be obtained from trading according to a finite number of pre-specified proportions. The number of proportions which can be accommodated is proportional to the number of agents. Such rules are necessarily inefficient, even in the limit as the economy grows
[Drug-induced hemolysis in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

9 carriers of G6PD-defect with a drug induced haemolysis are reported. From a pathogenic point of view various medicaments and their degrading and detoxicating products will cause an accumulation of radically effective compounds. With the damaged red blood cell being unable to eliminate these compounds because of its limited provision of NADPH, cell destruction cannot be avoided. Therefore, the exposition prophylaxis, which also embraces medicaments having a depressive effect on the bone-marrow, can be considered as a necessary and efficient measure.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen Immunosensor Developed with Organoclay Nanogold Composite Film

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Organoclay nanogold composite were prepared using gold nanoparticles and the natural Cameroonian clay grafted with amino organosilane. The functionnalization of clay provided abundant amino group to assemble gold nanoparticles. A label-free electrochemical immunosensor for the sensitive determination of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was fabricated by immobilizing anti-CEA onto organoclay nanogold composite film modified electrode by the cross-linking method using glutaraldehyde. In addition, the preparation procedure of the immunosensor was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Under optimal conditions, the resulting immunosensor displayed a high sensitivity for the detection of CEA, and responded to the CEA concentration in two ranges from 0.05 to 5.0 ng/mL (R = 0.991) and from 5.0 to 120.0 ng/mL (R = 0.998) with a detection limit of 0.01 ng/mL.
Global DNA hypomethylation of Alu and LINE-1 transposable elements as an epigenetic biomarker of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Despite being highly effective, anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs often induce adverse liver injury, anti-TB drug-induced liver injury (ATDILI), leading to treatment failure given no sensitive and selective ATDILI markers. Herein, we conducted a case-control association study to determine whether global DNA methylation of Alu and LINE-1 transposable elements responsible for genomic stability and transcriptional regulation was correlated with clinical parameters indicating ATDILI in TB patients and might serve as an ATDILI biomarker. Alu and LINE-1 methylation levels in blood leukocyte of 130 TB patients (80 ATDILI cases and 50 non-ATDILI cases) and 100 healthy controls were quantified using quantitative combined bisulfite restriction analysis. Both TB patients with and without ATDILI had significantly lower methylation levels of Alu and LINE-1 elements than healthy controls. Compared with non-ATDILI patients, Alu methylation levels were significantly decreased in ATDILI patients, commensurate with LINE-1 methylation analysis. Hypomethylation of Alu and LINE-1 measured within 1-7 days of TB treatment was independently associated with raised levels of serum aminotransferases assessed within 8-60 days of TB treatment. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis uncovered that Alu and LINE-1 methylation levels were both more sensitive and specific for differentiating ATDILI cases from non-ATDILI cases than serum aminotransferases after starting TB treatment within 1-7 days. Kaplan-Meier analysis displayed a significant association between hypomethylation of Alu and LINE-1 elements and an increased rate of ATDILI occurrence in TB patients. Collectively, global DNA hypomethylation of Alu and LINE-1 elements would reflect ATDILI progression and might serve as novel sensitive and specific ATDILI biomarkers.
Beyond the Responsibility to Protect in International Law: An Ethics of Irresponsibility

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This book offers a critical appraisal of legal idea of ‘Responsibility to Protect’.
The idea that has a responsibility to protect populations at risk has become prominent mode and structure of address in response to mass human atrocities, gross human rights violations, and large-scale loss of life. Although international community of liberal law and of legal cosmopolitanism for most part projects a self-assured collective project, this book maintains that it transforms global ethical responsibility into a project of governance, management, and control. Pursuing this argument, and drawing on critical legal literature, critical relations and on ideas of responsibility and ethical relationality in work of Jacques Derrida and Judith Butler, book develops a concept of irresponsibility. This concept is then juxtaposed to dominant Responsibility to Protect discourse. By exposing and acknowledging the sites of of Responsibility to Protect, book argues that irresponsibility itself can become condition of ethical responsibility and possibility of justice.
This original approach to an increasingly important topic will prove invaluable to those working in law, relations, politics and legal theory.
Notes on the Work of the Colonial Department, University of London Institute of Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Colonial Department of the University of London Institute of Education has for the past 15 years or more been training men and women who were going to teach in the British dependencies. Some of these educationists have been under appointment in the Colonial Education Service, others under the auspices of missionary societies. Much of the training given has been that of the usual courses for graduate teachers, combined with school practice and visits of observation. There have been in addition, however, special courses on colonial problems, including an introduction to social anthropology.
To be or not to be? - A study of Luxury Consumption

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

AbstractThe fashion industry is today one of the most interesting, exciting and fast-moving industriesin the world. On the streets we can see people wearing all kind of brands, both fast fashionbrands and luxury brands. Some people mix different brands, while some people stick toeither fast fashion or luxury brands. Today people wear different brands to express theirpersonal style but also social and class relationships.The purpose of this study is to find out why some consumers prefer to purchase luxury brandsinstead of fast fashion and what added value is given to them so they choose luxury. It alsodeals with what kind of people purchase luxury brands and if there are any differences. Tosucceed with this study I have therefore made a qualitative study where interviews were madewith several store managers at luxury brand stores in central Stockholm and observations.I found from this research that the consumers of luxury brands purchase luxury because of thequality that they receive and the service. The consumers are very quality conscious andbelieve it is more sustainable to purchase something that has good quality than buyingsomething that is cheap with poor quality. They also choose luxury brands because ofexpertise from the personnel, and personal contact between the store assistants and theconsumer. Consumers purchase a whole concept when they choose luxury. They chooseluxury because of the experience they receive that cannot be given at fast fashion stores.I also found from this research that there is a mixture of consumers who purchase luxurybrands. There is all kind of consumers, everything from upper class, brat wannabes, andmiddle class, younger consumers to old grand parents. Some purchase luxury brands for thequality and some for the status it gives them.Besides of why consumers choose luxury brands and what consumers who actually purchase Ifound that consumer of luxury brands have changed in the past ten years. It used to be onlyupper class but more and more luxury brands have widen their target group by offeringproducts that are less expensive so more people can afford it, but still in the frame of what isluxury.Key definitions: Fast fashion, luxury brands, upper class, brat wannabes, and social class.
Göğüs kanserinde N-asetil tranferaz (NAT1&NAT2) ve glutatyon S-transferaz (GSTM1&GSTT1) enzim polimorfizmi.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy among women, especially in Western societies. Highly penetrant genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, together with the reproductive history can constitute only 30% of the cause, so there should be other common genes, which may play a role in breast carcinogenesis according to one's lifestyle. In our case, the effect of N-acetyl transferases (NAT1, NAT2) and glutathione-S transferases (GSTM1&GSTT1) were investigated, since variations in these genes may alter their enzymatic activity and therefore their capacity to biotransform xenobiotic compounds. To evaluate the potential association between NAT1, NAT2, GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes and development of breast cancer, a hospital based case-control study was conducted in a Turkish study population consisting of 37 histologically confirmed incident breast cancer cases and 34 control subjects with no present or previous history of cancer. The only recognizable difference between case and control groups is the percentage of GSTM1 deletion, 67.6% and 44.1% respectively (p=0.047). The frequency of rapid NAT2 acetylator genotype is 44.4% in cases and 23.5% in controls. Especially, women with NAT2 rapid acetylator and GSTM1 null genotypes were at the elevated risk (OR, 3.8; CI, 0.9-15.4). NAT1 rapid acetylator genotype showed no association with breast cancer. These results suggest that GSTM1 null genotype is a susceptibility factor for breast cancer, particularly in the presence of NAT2 rapid acetylator genotype.
An Investigation of the Use of a Metered-Dose Inhaler(MDI) in Patients with Bronchial Asthma and the Pharmaceutical Instructions.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

An investigation of the use of a MDI (Metered-Dose Inhaler) of β-Stimulants or Steroids was carried out on bronchial asthmatic patients. The use of a MDI for the cure of bronchial asthma is standard. However, due to the misuse of these medicines, serious adverse-drug-reaction have also emerged and the importance of their proper use has thus gained attention. The patients understood the effect to be 95% for β-stimulants and 84% for steroids. The patients understood the proper use or dose to be 73% for β-stimulants and 62% for steroids. However, the patients who understood the effect of the medicines did not necessarily comprehend their proper use. Especially, the ratio of patients who used the medicine according to the doctor's instructions numbered 56% for β-stimulants and 53% for steroids.These results suggest that it is important to supply the proper pharmaceutical instructions in order to use the MDI correctly for all patients.
Design and Synthesis of Polymeric Chiral Bicyclo[3.3.0] Diene as Reusable Ligand for Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4‐Addition

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A series of A‐B type sterically regular bicyclio[3.3.0] diene‐based polymers were designed and synthesized as immobilized chiral diene ligands for asymmetric catalysis. With polymeric diene 6b , good to excellent enantioselectivities can be achieved in Rh‐catalyzed asymmetric 1,4‐addition of arylboronic acids to α , β ‐unsaturated ketones.
CFU‐GM and T cell subsets in young red cell collections

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Young red cells (YRBCs) prepared using cell separators contain large numbers of white cells. The absolute numbers and percentages of different lymphocyte subsets and progenitor cells in YRBC collections were assessed before and after filtration through two white cell filters. It was found that the filters do not take up or selectively allow through any one lymphocyte subset and that the absolute number of T cells and progenitor cells in YRBC collections after filtration is less than that in normal donor blood.
Emerging Realist Tendencies in New Turkish Cinema through Magical, Spiritual, and Anthropocene Lenses

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study examines the emerging forms of reality through the lenses of Magical Realism, Spiritual Realism, and Anthropocene Realism in contemporary Turkish cinema. Through the films of Onur Ünlü, Semih Kaplanoğlu, and Reha Erdem, it analyzes how these directors construct their cinematic worlds and reinterpret reality. Using the close reading method, the study reveals how Ünlü integrates fantastical elements into ordinary settings, how Kaplanoğlu addresses spiritual and metaphysical themes, and how Erdem reflects ethical dilemmas regarding human-environment relations.
Alpha Discovery Neural Network based on Prior Knowledge

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Genetic programming (GP) is the state-of-the-art in financial automated feature construction task. It employs reverse polish expression to represent features and then conducts the evolution process. However, with the development of deep learning, more powerful feature extraction tools are available. This paper proposes Alpha Discovery Neural Network (ADNN), a tailored neural network structure which can automatically construct diversified financial technical indicators based on prior knowledge. We mainly made three contributions. First, we use domain knowledge in quantitative trading to design the sampling rules and object function. Second, pre-training and model pruning has been used to replace genetic programming, because it can conduct more efficient evolution process. Third, the feature extractors in ADNN can be replaced by different feature extractors and produce different functions. The experiment results show that ADNN can construct more informative and diversified features than GP, which can effectively enriches the current factor pool. The fully-connected network and recurrent network are better at extracting information from the financial time series than the convolution neural network. In real practice, features constructed by ADNN can always improve multi-factor strategies' revenue, sharpe ratio, and max draw-down, compared with the investment strategies without these factors.