jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
MMV-db: vaccinomics and RNA-based therapeutics database for infectious hemorrhagic fever-causing mammarenaviruses

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The recent viral outbreaks and the current pandemic situation urges us to timely address any emerging viral infections by designing therapeutic strategies. Multi-omics and therapeutic data are of great interest to develop early remedial interventions. This work provides a therapeutic data platform (Mammarenavirus (MMV)-db) for pathogenic mammarenaviruses with potential catastrophic effects on human health around the world. The database integrates vaccinomics and RNA-based therapeutics data for seven human pathogenic MMVs associated with severe viral hemorrhagic fever and lethality in humans. Protein-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, helper T-cell and interferon-inducing epitopes were mapped using a cluster of immune-omics-based algorithms and tools for the seven human pathogenic viral species. Furthermore, the physiochemical and antigenic properties were also explored to guide protein-specific multi-epitope subunit vaccine for each species. Moreover, highly efficacious RNAs (small Interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNA and single guide RNA (sgRNA)) after extensive genome-based analysis with therapeutic relevance were explored. All the therapeutic RNAs were further classified and listed on the basis of predicted higher efficacy. The online platform (http://www.mmvdb.dqweilab-sjtu.com/index.php) contains easily accessible data sets and vaccine designs with potential utility in further computational and experimental work. Conclusively, the current study provides a baseline data platform to secure better future therapeutic interventions against the hemorrhagic fever causing mammarenaviruses. Database URL: http://www.mmvdb.dqweilab-sjtu.com/index.php
Factors most strongly associated with prescription of NOAC versus VKA in phase II (A) and phase III (B).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>AF, atrial fibrillation; CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>−VASc (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes, stroke/transient ischemic attack/systemic embolism, vascular disease, age from 65–74 years, sex category [female]); CI, confidence interval; F, female; GP, general practitioner; HAS-BLED (hypertension, abnormal renal/liver function, stroke, bleeding history or predisposition, labile international normalized ratio, elderly [>65 years], drugs or alcohol concomitantly); M, male; NOAC, novel/nonvitamin K oral anticoagulants; PCP, primary care physician; ref, reference; RR, relative risk; TIA, transient ischemic attack; VKA, vitamin K antagonist. *Effect estimates obtained from the model including all variables of interest and the risk scores, but not the components of the risk scores.</p>
No-till sunflower sowing trials in environments of Central Italy

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A four-year research trial (1999-2002) was carried out at the experimental farm of Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerche Agro-Ambientali “Enrico Avanzi” of Pisa University (Italy), in order to compare a conventional sunflower cultivation system with a no-till sowing technique. The aim of this open field research was to asses the possibility of introducing the no-tillage system for sunflower cultivation areas of Central Italy. Trials were performed on sandy-silty soils (1999 and 2001) and on clayey-silty soils (2000-2002). \nThe conventional technique was based on ploughing to a depth of roughly 50 cm and on a seedbed preparation carried out by means of tined cultivator or rotary harrow. Sowing was performed by means of a 8-row precision pneumatic planter. Direct sowing was carried out by means of Gaspardo Tandem precision planter. It was equipped with on purpose made disks for chopping crop residues and opening the furrow, iron discs for furrow closure and rigid anchors for improving the seed deposition efficiency. \nWork chain operative characteristics and agronomic characteristics were assessed. Cultivation costs and gross revenues were evaluated. \nDirect sowing allowed sensible working time and fuel consumption reductions (-60% and -86% respectively), comparable yields and a relevant gross revenues increase with respect to conventional cultivation system.
Synthesis and characterization of a biotinylated organophosphorus ester for detection and affinity purification of a brain serine esterase: neuropathy target esterase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We have synthesized a novel stable precursor, saligenin phosphorotrichloridate, which, on reaction with N-monobiotinyldiamines, generates a series of biotinylated covalent inhibitors of serine esterases. A homologue designated S9B [1-(saligenin cyclic phospho)-9-biotinyldiaminononane] was selected to allow detection and rapid isolation of neuropathy target esterase (NTE). This enzyme is the primary target site for those organophosphorus esters (OPs) which cause delayed neuropathy. NTE comprises about 0.03% of the total protein in brain microsomal fractions and has resisted purification attempts over many years. S9B is a potent progressive inhibitor of NTE esteratic activity (second-order rate constant 1.4 x 10(7) M-1.min-1). Incubation of S9B with brain microsomes led to specific covalent labelling of NTE as determined by detection of a biotinylated 155 kDa polypeptide on Western blots. Specificity of S9B labelling was further demonstrated by inhibition with the neuropathic OP mipafox. Biotinyl-NTE in SDS-solubilized S9B-labelled microsomes was adsorbed on to avidin-Sepharose and subsequently eluted, yielding a fraction enriched approx. 1000-fold in NTE by a single step with recoveries of 30%. Essentially pure NTE was obtained after separation from two endogenous biotinylated polypeptides (120 and 70 kDa) in avidin-Sepharose eluates by preparative SDS/PAGE. Other biotinylated saligenin phosphoramidates derived from the same precursor may be useful for detection and isolation of other serine esterases and proteinases.
The Effect of Cang Salak Tea Diet on Apolipoprotein C3 (ApoC3) Gene Expression on Hyperlipidemic Rats Model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of global mortality and disability. Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor for CVD that can be controlled through medical therapy, appropriate nutrition, and lifestyle. This study aimed to identify the cang salak tea diet’s effect on the ApoC3 gene expression in a hyperlipidemia rat. 18 male Wistar rats were divided equally into three groups. A high-fat-diet-induced two groups of rats, and one group was the control. Once hyperlipidemia had been achieved, one of the two groups was treated with the cang salak tea, and one group was given a standard diet for four weeks. Authenticated rat and liver tissue were collected as a source of RNA isolation. Isolated RNA was used as a reaction template for the relative quantitation qPCR using β-actin as the housekeeping gene. The ApoC3 gene was specifically amplified with a Tm value of 82.73°C, Cq 17-19, and produced a sigmoid curve. The relative expression level of the ApoC3 gene in hyperlipidemia rats fed with the cang salak tea diet was 0.46 times significantly lower than the control (1.17) and P2 (1.32) groups. These results indicate that the cang salak tea has antihyperlipidemic properties to reduce CVD risk.
The Fight against Corruption in Brazil: more than Politicians on Trial

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The crisis of liberal democracies is perhaps the main topic in political science in this century.Its relevance goes beyond the boundaries of academia, as attested by the number of books on authoritarianism and democratic backsliding making their way onto bestseller lists.Brazil can undoubtedly be included as a case study representative of this process in which democratic institutions are being eroded.And any analysis of this topic for the Brazilian case should involve an effort to analytically understand the role played by the major nationwide operation named 'Lava Jato' in controlling corruption at the country's high ranks -to then make progress in establishing an appreciated dialogue between two bodies of literature: accountability and judicial politics.The book 'Brazilian Politics on Trial', by Luciano da Ros and Matthew Taylor (2022), takes an important step in this direction mainly because, although the book is centered on the accountability literature, it makes the theme of corruption more complex by bringing politics into the analysis, the politics around anti-corruption policies and the activities of accountability institutions, whose effects have repercussions on politics and the workings of democracy.
Evaluation of the effect of the Azadirachta indica (Margosa) leaf syrup on the control of the caterpillar in cabbage in the community of Phandira, Dunda, District of Macossa in Republic of Mozambique.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract

A descriptive experimental study was carried out to have a bird eye view on the effect of the syrup made from leaves of Azadirachta (Margosa) indica A. Juss (Neem) on the control of the caterpillar (Trichoplusia ni) in cabbage seedlings, and the plot method was applied to the samples of 250 seedlings. The trial was carried out between January and May 2022 and a completely casualized block design (DBCC) was used, with 4 treatments, making a total of 15 experimental units (plots). The area was divided into 3 randomized blocks and each block with 5 plots where the sowing was carried out in lines with a 15 cm compass between lines in the same plot and the seeds were released within each line, without having a space between the seeds within the lines once dealing with a nest. Three parameters were evaluated, Population density, Infestation level and Medium attack level. The collected data were submitted to statistical processing using (SISVAR 5.6) and analysis of variance and Tukey's test at 5% of significance, however, significant differences were found for the parameters degree of infestation (GI) and number of caterpillars (NL) related to the percentage of caterpillar mortality when submitted to different doses of Neem extract application.
Optical switching materials with high damage threshold for space environments

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Optical limiters are nonlinear optical devices that limit the amount of power or energy transmitted. They function through either optically-induced nonlinear absorption or refraction or a combination of the two. At low incident optical power or pulse energy, the transmission of the system is high enough to allow nominal operation of the system. At high incident optical power or pulse energy, the transmission decreases to protect sensitive components such as optical receivers or transmitters. The interest in optical power limiters (OPL) for use in the space environment is due to the increasingly large number of space based missions and applications that require laser protection. Temperature and space radiation-induced effects in optical and electronic materials are well known and they can cause disruption in OPL functions, or in the worst case, failure of the sensor. Therefore, designing materials that can withstand the space environment has been an area of intense exploration in recent years. Some of the best-performing optical limiters are materials containing chromophores that work via reverse saturable absorption, multiphoton absorption or nonlinear scattering mechanisms; however, such materials are difficult to prepare and have problems with long-term stability. In this paper, a novel type of polymeric OPL materials based on a multi-chromophore approach is described. The origin of the OPL properties in these materials and preliminary results of their effects of radiation on the OPL properties are discussed.
Nanogaps for hydrogen sensing

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Modern resistive hydrogen sensors include discontinuous nano/mesostructures. Sensing performances are governed by the sensor design either at macro and nano scales. Various top-down, bottom-up and hybrid fabrication routes of discontinuous/nanogaped metal nano and mesostructures have been developed. These structures are assembled/organized on insulating surfaces for integration of resistor based devices for the specific sensing of gaseous hydrogen.
Hybrid structures applied to hemirings

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Using the notions of a soft set and a fuzzy set, Jun’s introduced a new type of notion called a hybrid structure, which is a generalization of soft set and fuzzy set. In this paper, we apply hybrid structure in hemirings and introduce the concept of hybrid h -ideals of hemirings and the related properties are investigated. Some operational properties of hybrid structures are first investigated. The concepts of a hybrid h -sum and a hybrid h -product are discussed and the related properties are investigated. The notions of hybrid h -ideals, hybrid h -bi-ideals and hybrid h -quasi-ideals are introduced and several properties are provided. The notion of a hybrid level set is introduced and the basic properties of hybrid h -ideals, hybrid h -bi-ideals and hybrid h -quasi-ideals are studied in detail. The characterizations of h -hemiregular hemirings are discussed and several important results of a h -hemiregular hemirings are provided.
Rheological properties of banana fruit in the creep test: Effect of variety and ripeness level

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Banana quality is influenced by many factors, including variety and level of fruit ripeness. This quality can be evaluated from various points of view, one of which is the rheological consideration. Rheological properties are very important to study because they determine the design of equipment and processes, and minimise product damage. The aim of this research was to analyse and model the effect of variety and ripeness level on the rheological properties of banana fruit by applying a creep test. This research was carried out using a factorial experimental design 3 × 3 with 5 replications. Three varieties of banana, namely Ambon (Musa parasidiaca var. sapientum L. Kunt.), Raja (Musa parasidiaca L.), and Kepok (Musa acuminata balbisiana Colla) and each in three levels of ripeness, namely mature green, half ripe, and ripe. It was found that the parameters of the rheological properties of bananas changed according to the ripeness level (P < 0.05). The values of these rheological parameters decreased as the bananas ripened. Meanwhile, the variety and the interaction between variety and ripeness had no significant influence on the rheological parameters measured (P > 0.05). The constants of the four-element Burger model changed with the ripeness in all banana varieties. The Burger model with four elements could accurately predict the strain value of bananas tested in the creep test.
The clinical psychologist and the management of inpatient pain: a small case series

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Susan R Childs,1,* Emma M Casely,2,* Bianca M Kuehler,1 Stephen Ward,1 Charlotte L Halmshaw,1 Sarah E Thomas,1 Ian D Goodall,1 Carsten Bantel1,3 1Pain Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, 2Anaesthetic Department, Hillingdon Hospital, Uxbridge, 3Section of Anaesthetics, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus, London, UK *These authors contributed equally to this manuscript Abstract: Recent research has confirmed that between 25% and 33% of all hospitalized patients experience unacceptable levels of pain. Studies further indicate that this reduces patient satisfaction levels, lengthens hospital stays, and increases cost. Hospitals are aiming to discharge patients earlier, and this can interfere with adequate pain management. Therefore, the pain service at Chelsea and Westminster Hospital has adapted to this changing model of care. An increasing body of evidence demonstrates that psychological factors are key components of patients’ pain experiences in both acute and chronic pain. Therefore, it is reasonable to suggest a clinical psychologist should be involved in inpatient pain management. This small study discusses three cases that highlight how patient care could be improved by including a clinical psychologist as part of the inpatient pain team. Two cases particularly highlight the active role of the psychologist in the diagnosis and management of common conditions such as fear and anxiety, along with other psychiatric comorbidities. The management therefore employed an eclectic approach adapted from chronic pain and comprising of behavioral, cognitive behavioral, and dialectical behavioral therapeutic techniques blended with brief counseling. The third case exemplifies the importance of nurse-patient interactions and the quality of nurse-patient relationships on patient outcomes. Here, the psychologist helped to optimize communication and to resolve a difficult and potentially risk-laden situation. This small case series discusses the benefits derived from the involvement of a clinical psychologist in the management of inpatient pain, and therefore illustrates the need for novel initiatives for inpatient pain services. However, future research is warranted to validate this approach. Keywords: acute pain, aggression, anxiety, borderline personality disorder, psychology
Corrugation of grains in liquid phase sintered molybdenum nickel-tungsten alloy

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Alumina supported Ni-W catalysts with contents of components varying over a wide range were systematically studied in order to optimize a catalyst for further industrial use, mainly for HDN reactions.The catalytic activities were determined in different reactions representative of the hydrotreatment process, viz., piperidine HDN, biphenyl and pyridine hydrogenations, thiophene and dibenzothiphene HDS. The promoting effect of Ni is always observed but the amplitude of the synergy is greatly dependent on the type of molecule to be treated. The nature of the active sites responsible for the catalytic activities is discussed in terms of the mixed phase model.The selected most active catalyst for performing HDN reactions was tested in real feedstock conversions and compared with conventional nickel-tungsten catalysts.
Reducing Community Participation in the Preparation of Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA): Evidence from Indonesia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Globalisation compels nations to adapt to contemporary advancements, including enhancing economic growth through policies designed to attract investment from diverse foreign enterprises. Legal instruments should not be viewed solely as tools that cater to human interests; instead, they serve as mechanisms for community development to ensure the survival of humans, the environment, and other living organisms by the principles of sustainable development encompassing economic, social, and environmental considerations. This research examines favourable legislative restrictions in Indonesia that diminish community engagement in formulating Environmental Impact Assessments, potentially exacerbating environmental degradation. The findings indicate that modifications in regulatory standards within the Job Creation Law about the environmental sector, compared to the Environmental Protection and Management Law, have diminished the involvement of environmental observers in formulating Environmental Impact Assessments, now solely acknowledging affected communities. Members of the environmentalist community play a vital role in evaluating the implications of a company's actions, which is essential for preserving environmental sustainability and promoting sustainable development. The article's conclusion highlights policymakers' and lawmakers' need to comprehend the law's significance in attaining sustainable development objectives. The diminished role of community involvement in preparing Environmental Impact Assessments, which possess greater insight into potential environmental harm, signifies a deterioration in democracy in Indonesia.
BEDNET TREATMENT WITH PYRETHROIDS FOR MOSQUITO CONTROL IN CHINA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract BedHnet treatment with pyrethroids, either by impregnation or by spraying, has been considered as an important progress in vector control in antimalarial programmes. Since last decade, the method has been extensively adopted for malarial control in China. The present paper is a review of the results of laboratory studies, experimental evaluations and field trials and applications of bednet treatment in this country. Some comments are also given to the results in this respect. It is concluded that the bednet treatment with pyrethroids, particularly with deltamethrin, is a feasible community based prevention measure. It can be recommanded to replace DDT indoor residual sprays for vector control in most areas of low and moderate malaria endemicity.
Competitive agricultural systems and enterprises (CASE): A grassroots approach to agribusiness development in sub-Saharan Africa: Volume I Reference framework and early experiences

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Given the unique economic challenges faced in Sub-Saharan Africa, this text proposes a new and practical path for agricultural intensification and market development. The book describes the framework and some initial experiences of a grassroots approach, known as Competitive Agricultural Systems and Enterprises. Divided into three parts, it covers the reference framework itself, CASE facilitation and some detailed examples of agrobusiness development in West Africa.
The influence of product type, humour type, brand attitude, and gender on humour effectiveness in ads

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Humour is a growing trend in today’s marketing sphere. Despite the increasing number of managers approaching it, aspects influencing its effectiveness still remains unclear. The aim of this dissertation is thus to illuminate the influence of product type, humour type, brand attitude, and gender on humour effectiveness for the Danish population. This dissertation met the research aim through an extensive study of relevant literature and empirical research. The latter was carried out through a mixture of quantitative and qualitative methods. A sequential framework was developed based on the literature review, displaying the assumed interrelation between the facets. Interactions supported by the empirical findings. The findings revealed that brand attitude affects ad attitude through humour attitude. Additionally, ad attitude was confirmed to influence brand attitude, though only for yellow and white products. Overall the interrelations depicted in the framework were evidently influenced by the product type approached, the humour type chosen, and the gender focused upon. Subsequently, verifying the following interactions between the facets: The brand focused on affects the product type chosen which then influences the humour type approached. Continuing, the humour type affects the ad attitude which in turn influences the brand attitude. Additionally, gender is assumed to influence the product type chosen, the humour type approached, and the subsequent ad attitude. To flourish managers must therefore understand the prominence of brand attitude, product type, humour type, and gender on attitude towards the ad. Subsequently, managers should acknowledge the important interrelation among the facets and act accordingly.