jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Systematic review on the identification of safety risks in off-site manufacturing (OSM)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Purpose Off-site manufacturing (OSM) has emerged as a method of modern construction that provides several benefits including achieving lower costs, a quicker schedule and environmentally friendly solutions. Although numerous researches are available that advocate the adoption of OSM, the devotion towards OSM safety is somewhat limited. However, OSM invariably generates safety risks, including dynamics and uncertainty in safety management. There is a unique call to have an investigation on the identification of OSM safety risks. Design/methodology/approach To provide a full picture on the OSM safety, a systematic literature review was adopted based on interpretivist philosophical stance. The literature search was conducted in key electronic databases to identify OSM safety-focused publications. Bibliometric analysis was adopted to identify co-occurrences of keywords and collaboration among authors in OSM safety-related research publications. Content analysis was conducted to provide a taxonomy of OSM safety risks. The identified studies were critically analysed to determine the focus of OSM safety research and provide future research directions. Findings The results demonstrated frequently appeared OSM safety aspects while highlighting the limitedness of collaborative research outputs in common authorships. Content analysis subsequently unveiled safety risks in OSM under human, organisational and work environmental factors. A critical analysis of extant literature revealed seven research classifications of OSM safety. Directions were offered to enhance OSM safety by applying principles of targeted safety management concepts, technology-driven safety measures and bespoke training programs. Originality/value This study provides a comprehensive review on the identification of safety risks throughout OSM while presenting the avenues useful for the development of OSM safety management strategies.
Tomato Leaf Disease Identification Based on Yolov8

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

To quickly identify tomato leaf diseases in the planting environment, based on the YOLOv8 model, this study explores the improvement of four types of loss functions compared to the original YOLOv8 model, and replaces the backbone network of YOLOv8 to further improve the accuracy of model recognition. The improved PIoU v2 loss function has increased the Precision value by 1.1 percentage points, the Recall value by 2.8 percentage points, the mAP value by 1.3 percentage points, and the FasterNet backbone has improved the detection performance of the model, with a 0.4 percentage point increase in Precision value and a 0.3 percentage point increase in Recall value compared to the CIOU loss function used in the original model. The mAP value increased by 0.2 percentage points. Compared to the original model, the improvement effect has been improved.
Score certificates for tournaments

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The score of a vertex in a tournament is its out-degree. A score certificate for a labeled tournament T is a labeled subdigraph D of T which together with the score sequence of T allows errorless reconstruction of T. In this paper we prove a general lower bound on the sizes of score certificates. Our main theorem can be stated as follows: Except for the regular tournaments on 3 and 5 vertices, every tournament T on n vertices requires at least n−1 arcs in a score certificate for T. This is best possible since every transitive tournament on n vertices has a score certificate with exactly n−1 arcs. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
[Zinc acts as a protective agent on the mucosal barrier in experimental TNBS colitis].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of enterally given zinc on the impaired epithelial barrier function in experimental TNBS colitis in rats. Rats in therapy group were zinc-fed in therapeutic dose. 48 hours after induction of TNBS colitis the rats were killed, the distal colon was resected and mounted into an Ussing chamber. The following electrophysiological measurements were carried out: 1. Flux measurements for Na+ and mannitol as a parameter of paracellular permeability, 2. Resistance measurements of the colon, distinguishing between pure epithelial resistance and resistance of the subepithelial tissue. In TNBS colitis we found a marked increase of both fluxes as a parameter of enhanced paracellular permeability (factor 3). Further there was a drastic reduction of total resistance, and especially of pure epithelial resistance indicating a massive epithelial barrier defect. In rats treated by zinc the increase of paracellular permeability was increased only by a factor of 2, and there was only a moderate decrease of resistance. For the first time we demonstrated zinc to have a protective effect on damaged mucosal barrier function in TNBS colitis. These results confirm the data collected in guinea pigs with malnutrition, whose intestinal integrity could be improved by zinc. Further studies are necessary in order to test whether this protective effect of zinc on mucosa barrier in experimental colitis may be relevant also in human ulcerative colitis.
Accelerated discovery of functional variation in pigs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The genotype-phenotype link is a major research topic in the life sciences, but remains highly complex to disentangle. Part of the complexity arises from the polygenicity of phenotypes,in which many (interacting) genes contribute to the observed phenotype. Genome wide association studies have been instrumental to associate genomic markers to important phenotypes. However, despite the vast increase of molecular data (e.g. whole genome sequences), pinpointing the causal variant underlying a phenotype of interest is still a major challenge, especially due to high levels of linkage disequilibrium in livestock. In this study we present a method to prioritize genomic variation underlying traits of interest from genome wide association studies in pigs. First, we select all sequence variants associated with the trait. Subsequently, we prioritize variation by utilizing and integrating predicted variant impact scores, gene expression data, epigenetic marks for promotor and enhancer identification, and associated phenotypes in other (well-studied) mammalian species. The power of the approach heavily relies on variant impact scores, for which we used pCADD, a tool which can assign scores to any variant in the genome including those in non-coding regions. Using our methodology, we are able to either pinpoint the likely causal mutation or substantially narrow down the list of potentially causal candidates from any association result. We demonstrate the efficacy of the tool by reporting known and novel causal variants, of which many affect (non-coding) regulatory sequences associated with important phenotypes in pigs. This study provides an approach to pinpoint likely causal variation and genes underlying important phenotypes in pigs, accelerating the discovery of new causal variants that could be directly implemented to improve selection.
Static/Dynamic Buckling of Axially Compressed Thin-Walled Cylindrical Shells Using Simple Models

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The postbuckling response of elastic thin-walled circular cylindrical shells under axial compression is discussed using equivalent 1 and 2 degrees-of-freedom imperfect models characterized by a nonlinear spring component simulating the analogous restraining membrane force in the shell. The initial geometric shell imperfections are related to the out of straightness of shell generators. Very recently, Bodner and Rubin (Modeling the Buckling of Axially Compressed Elastic Cylindrical Shells, AIAA Journal, Vol. 43, No. 1, 2005, pp. 103-110) proposed a 1 degree-of-freedom mechanical model, whose buckling mechanism can be viewed as a local event governed by a shallow archlike behavior depending on the shell geometry, which they related to an empirical formula based on experimentally measured shell buckling loads. This formula, relating the critical load to the ratio thickness-to-radius of the shell, was used for determining the aforementioned nonlinear spring component, necessary for the subsequent analysis of the model. In the present analysis, a new, more reliable 2 degree-of-freedom model for both axisymmetric and asymmetric buckling mechanisms of axially compressed circular cylindrical shells is proposed which can include antisymmetric imperfections and mode coupling. Another advantage of the proposed models is their ready extension to the dynamic buckling. Moreover, a semi-empirical formula is proposed which generalizes Koiter's formula to include the effect of the ratio thickness-to-the shell radius. Numerical examples illustrate the simplicity and efficiency of the analysis for establishing static and dynamic buckling estimates, quite satisfactory for structural design purposes.
Data from: Genetic diversity loss in a biodiversity hotspot: ancient DNA quantifies genetic decline and former connectivity in a critically endangered marsupial.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The extent of genetic diversity loss and former connectivity between fragmented populations are often unknown factors when studying endangered species. While genetic techniques are commonly applied in extant populations to assess temporal and spatial demographic changes, it is no substitute for directly measuring past diversity using ancient DNA (aDNA). We analysed both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear microsatellite loci from 64 historical fossil and skin samples of the critically endangered Western Australian woylie (Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi), and compared them with 231 (n=152 for mtDNA) modern samples. In modern woylie populations 15 mitochondrial control region (CR) haplotypes were identified. Interestingly, mtDNA CR data from only 29 historical samples demonstrated 15 previously unknown haplotypes and detected an extinct divergent clade. Through modelling, we estimated the loss of CR mtDNA diversity to be between 46% and 91% and estimated this to have occurred in the past 2000-4000 years in association with a dramatic population decline. Additionally, we obtained near-complete 11-loci microsatellite profiles from 21 historical samples. In agreement with the mtDNA data, a number of ‘new’ microsatellite alleles was only detected in the historical populations despite extensive modern sampling, indicating a nuclear genetic diversity loss greater than 20%. Calculations of genetic diversity (heterozygosity and allelic rarefaction) showed that these were significantly higher in the past and that there was a high degree of gene flow across the woylie's historical range. These findings have an immediate impact on how the extant populations are managed and we recommend the implementation of an assisted migration program to prevent further loss of genetic diversity. Our study demonstrates the value of integrating aDNA data into current-day conservation strategies.
Development consensus in the Internet context: penetration, freedom, and participation in 38 countries

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The decline of public consensus is often linked to the rise of the Internet. Conceptualizing the Internet as a context, this paper explores its impacts on public consensus on development. The data of the World Values Survey were used for multilevel analyses with 58,926 respondents in 38 countries. It reported three counterbalances. First, Internet penetration weakens public consensus on development, but promotes the individual use of the Internet, which strengthens public consensus on development. Second, Internet freedom and Internet participation contribute to a robust online democracy, which buffers the informational impact of Internet penetration. Third, public consensus on development is nurtured in a context where Internet freedom serves as an instrument to protect an open, free public sphere, but is fragmented by a country’s overall ideological orientation towards freedom.
Is a Penny Spent a Penny Earned? Comparing Predicted to Actual Disability Insurance Savings in the Ticket to Work Program

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article compares Disability Insurance (DI) savings to those projected in the Congressional Budget Office cost estimate accompanying the Ticket to Work (TTW) authorizing legislation. Enacted with the goal of promoting employment among DI beneficiaries, TTW savings were close to predicted savings, but economic conditions reduced the impact. These findings suggest vocational rehabilitation policies need to incorporate strategies to address economic downtowns if they are to promote long‐term independence. This article highlights some of the challenges inherent to evaluations conducted without an experimental research design, while illustrating the potential of ex post analyses to assess whether expected savings materialize.
The Role of Individual- and Contextual-Level Social Capital in Product Boycotting: A Multilevel Analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Product boycotts represent an important form of sustainable consumption, as withholding purchasing can restrain firms from damaging the natural environment or breaking social rules. However, our understanding of consumer participation in these protests is limited. Most previous studies have focused on the psychological and economic determinants of product boycotting. Drawing on social capital literature, this study builds a framework that explains how individual- and contextual-level social capital affects consumer participation in boycotts of products. A multilevel logistic regression analysis of 29 country representative samples derived from the European Social Survey (N = 54221) shows that at the individual level product boycotting is associated with a person’s social ties, whereas at the country level, generalized trust and social networks positively affect consumer decisions to take part in these protests. These results suggest that to better understand differences among countries in consumer activism, it is necessary to consider the role of social capital as an important predictor of product boycotting.
Patient Blood Management

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Impact Statement: Patient blood management (PBM) recommendations can help providers manage anemia and assist in transfusion-related decision-making. Introduction: Blood transfusions are often a necessary treatment for operative patients, but they are not without potential complications, including hemolytic reactions, and even death. Establishing parameters and guidelines for transfusions in patients undergoing an operation is imperative in treating them safely and effectively; patient blood management protocols provide these guidelines. Literature review: Patient blood management (PBM) is based on three pillars: treatment of underlying anemia, minimizing blood loss, and the use of transfusion thresholds. Establishing hemoglobin levels that dictate transfusion thresholds can be either restrictive (transfusing at lower thresholds) or liberal (transfusing at higher thresholds). Current literature recommends restrictive transfusion thresholds (hemoglobin less than 7 gm/dL) with consideration for individual patient status. Description of the case: A 56-year old male underwent an emergent exploratory laparotomy to locate a source of bleeding four days after having a hemicolectomy. He received one unit of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) in the intensive care unit overnight and arrived in the operating room (OR) on a phenylephrine drip. After induction, the patient required a vasopressin drip as well. The patient remained hemodynamically unstable and his hemoglobin was 9.8 g/dL, thus, the decision was made to administer one unit of PRBCs in the OR. The patient remained unstable throughout the case and a hemoglobin recheck was 9.5 g/dL, so a second unit of PRBCs was given. The transfusion threshold utilized in this case was liberal (less than 10 g/dL). Discussion and conclusions: In this case, all three pillars of PBM were taken into account. Pre-operative anemia was treated with a blood transfusion. Determining the cause and providing treatment of anemia before surgery can help decrease the need for transfusions. There was minimal intraoperative blood loss during the case, however techniques to manage this potential complication include: cell saver, hemodilution, and goal-directed fluid therapy. Finally, a liberal transfusion threshold was found appropriate as the patient was hemodynamically unstable. A lower transfusion threshold (less than 7 g/dL) is generally recommended for stable patients. Utilization of PBM can help guide transfusion decision-making and decrease the number of blood products given without increasing patient morbidity or mortality.
Patient Empowerment Among People Attending Cancer Follow-Up – Results from a Nationwide Questionnaire Survey

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract

PurposeTo investigate levels of empowerment, possibilities for empowerment and perceived importance of empowerment among Danes in cancer follow-up. MethodsFrom nation-wide registers a randomly selected group of people diagnosed with one of ten different cancer diagnoses between one and five years ago were invited to complete the newly developed ‘Cancer Patient Empowerment Questionnaire’ (CPEQ). Respondents who reported that they were in a follow-up program were included in the analysis. Frequencies of answers to the items in the questionnaire were calculated. ResultsIn total, 1,418 people with a diagnosis of cancer returned the questionnaire (response rate 54%). Of these, 1,042 reported being in follow-up and were included in the analysis. Most respondents experienced that there was a plan for their follow-up (83%) and felt at ease with both the frequency (80%) and content of the follow-up (78%). However, many also reported lack of possibilities for and/or low levels of empowerment. They were not aware of any decisions being made during their follow-up, had not received information about relevant patient associations, or had any conversations with healthcare professionals regarding their needs and wishes for their follow-up. Furthermore, almost 20% lacked information on and confidence in managing treatment-related side-effects, late complications and alarm symptoms. ConclusionMany respondents reported lack of possibilities for and/or low levels of empowerment in their cancer follow-up. This may have consequences for their quality of life and capabilities and opportunities for managing their own care.
Career Counseling Attitudes and Opinions of Army Officers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract : Three Army studies--the Franklin Institute study on junior officer retention, the Army War College study of military professionalism, and a study of the officer evaluation system--have indicated that many officers felt that they would benefit substantially from improvement of the career guidnace and counseling system. From the officers' standpoint, the major objections to the current system have been that insufficient information is available when career decisions are being made; preference forms have little influence on assignment; and assignment officers and counselors at career branch are difficult to contact. Research was suggested to improve or aid the present system, making use of recent technological advances.
Estimation of the In Vivo MIC of Cipargamin in Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Malaria

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The MIC of an antimalarial drug for a particular infection is the drug level associated with a net parasite multiplication rate of one per asexual cycle. To ensure the cure of malaria, the MIC must be exceeded until all parasites have been eliminated. The development of highly sensitive and accurate PCR quantitation of low-density malaria parasitemia enables the prospective pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) characterization of antimalarial drug effects and now allows identification of the in vivo MIC. An adaptive design and a PK-PD modeling approach were used to determine prospectively the MIC of the new antimalarial cipargamin (KAE609) in adults with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in an open-label, dose-ranging phase 2a study. Vietnamese adults with acute P. falciparum malaria were allocated sequentially to treatment with a single 30-mg (n = 6), 20-mg (n = 5), 10-mg (n = 7), or 15-mg (n = 7) dose of cipargamin. Artemisinin-based combination therapy was given after parasite densities had fallen and then risen as cipargamin levels declined below the MIC but before a return of signs or symptoms. The rates of parasite clearance were dose dependent, with near saturation of the effect being seen at an adult dose of 30 mg. The developed PK-PD model accurately predicted the therapeutic responses in 23/25 patients. The predicted median in vivo MIC was 0.126 ng/ml (range, 0.038 to 0.803 ng/ml). Pharmacometric characterization of the relationship between antimalarial drug concentrations and parasite clearance rates following graded subtherapeutic antimalarial drug dosing is safe and provides a rational framework for dose finding in antimalarial drug development. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT01836458.).
WiGig and IEEE 802.11ad - For multi-gigabyte-per-second WPAN and WLAN

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Wireless Gigabit Alliance (WiGig) and IEEE 802.11ad are developing a multigigabit wireless personal and local area network (WPAN/WLAN) specification in the 60 GHz millimeter wave band. Chipset manufacturers, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), and telecom companies are also assisting in this development. 60 GHz millimeter wave transmission will scale the speed of WLANs and WPANs to 6.75 Gbit/s over distances less than 10 meters. This technology is the first of its kind and will eliminate the need for cable around personal computers, docking stations, and other consumer electronic devices. High-definition multimedia interface (HDMI), display port, USB 3.0, and peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) 3.0 cables will all be eliminated. Fast downloads and uploads, wireless sync, and multi-gigabit-per-second WLANs will be possible over shorter distances. 60 GHz millimeter wave supports fast session transfer (FST) protocol, which makes it backward compatible with 5 GHz or 2.4 GHz WLAN so that end users experience the same range as in today's WLANs. IEEE 802.11ad specifies the physical (PHY) sublayer and medium access control (MAC) sublayer of the protocol stack. The MAC protocol is based on time-division multiple access (TDMA), and the PHY layer uses single carrier (SC) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) to simultaneously enable low-power, high-performance applications.