jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Design and Development of Artificial Neural Networking (ANN) System Using Sigmoid Activation Function to Predict Annual Rice Production in Tamilnadu

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Prediction of annual rice production in all the 31 districts of Tamilnadu is an important decision for the Government of Tamilnadu.Rice production is a complex process and non linear problem involving soil, crop, weather, pest, disease, capital, labour and management parameters.ANN software was designed and developed with Feed Forward Back Propagation (FFBP) network to predict rice production.The input layer has six independent variables like area of cultivation and rice production in three seasons like Kuruvai, Samba and Kodai.The popular sigmoid activation function was adopted to convert input data into sigmoid values.The hidden layer computes the summation of six sigmoid values with six sets of weightages.The final output was converted into sigmoid values using a sigmoid transfer function.ANN outputs are the predicted results.The error between original data and ANN output values were computed.A threshold value of 10 -9 was used to test whether the error is greater than the threshold level.If the error is greater than threshold then updating of weights was done all summations were done by back propagation.This process was repeated until error equal to zero.The predicted results were printed and it was found to be exactly matching with the expected values.It shows that the ANN prediction was 100% accurate.
The Alchemy of Power and Freedom – A Contextualisation of Slobodan Šnajder'sHrvatski Faust(The Croatian Faust)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Written in 1981, immediately after the death of Yugoslavia's leader Josip Broz Tito, Slobodan Šnajder's play Hrvatski Faust (The Croatian Faust) – dealing with the historical event of a production of Goethe's Faust in Nazi Croatia in 1942 – heralded a new age of drama in Yugoslavia, which aimed to challenge and re-examine the darker side of Yugoslav communism. Thematically the play focuses on the relationship between theatre and power and the ways in which the same work of art can be used for different political ends. The analysis of Šnajder's play in this paper is therefore contextualised on two levels: historically and sociopolitically as a play that deals with the role of art and literature in a particular repressive context, and in terms of metatheatre as a kind of fiction that can empower the reader to ‘co-create meaning’. Šnajder's play, which went on to become a modern classic – receiving a couple of significant German productions in the late 1980s and early 1990s – was also a milestone in a long-lasting trend of metatheatre being used as a political tool in disintegrating Yugoslavia. This paper forms a retrospective consideration of the play's impact at the time of its original 1982 production, and at the same time coincides with the 200th anniversary of the publication of Goethe's play.
Brain acetylcholinesterase diurnal variations during the rapid development of tolerance to the hypothermic effect of ethanol

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Male Sprague-Dawley rats maintained under controlled environmental conditions were used. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was determined in the cerebral cortex, midbrain, hypothalamus, hippocampus, cerebellum, pons and medulla oblongata of saline control and ethanol-treated rats, either after a single dose at 06:0 or 18:00h, or after a second dose administered 24 hrs later at the same time scheduled. Results of this experiment indicate that repeated administration with ethanol was associated with the rapid development of tolerance to the hypothermic action of ethanol. A single injection of ethanol at 0600h resulted in a significant decrease in AChE activity in the hypothalamus, medulla, cerebellum, hippocampus and the cortex. However, ethanol administration at 18.00h was associated with significant increases in AChE activity in the same brain regions. The repeated administration of ethanol at 06.00h was associated with tolerance in AChE response to ethanol in the hypothalamus and hippocampus. However, there was no tolerance development in AChE activity in brain regions when ethanol was administered at 18.00h. The results indicate that chronotolerance to ethanol might be related to the brain cholinergic system.
Does universal primary education policy weaken decentralisation? Participation and accountability frameworks in East Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article critically reflects upon the ‘divides’ among actors within two currently popular education policies in low‐income countries: decentralisation and Universal Primary Education (UPE). Current literatures suggest that the existing decentralisation framework tends to overlook the ‘divides’ among actors that often impede the implementation of educational decentralisation. Furthermore, in East Africa, UPE policy characterised by centralised political power coexists with decentralisation policy: here, central control is strengthened while the notion of increased local control under decentralisation is becoming blurred. In this context, it is essential to enhance participation and accountability in school governance in order to recover client power.
Linking the UN SDGs and Sustainable Development Progress: The Case of China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examines China’s progress in sustainable development (SD) from 1990 to 2019 toward the 2030 Agenda and 2030 carbon peak target. Through extended factor analysis with principal component analysis, the sustainable development index (SDI), including each economy, society, and environment subclass SDI, was derived, and the contribution and weight of each Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) to the SDI calculated. The main findings are: (a) A progressively improving SDI is derived, supporting the considerate achievement of China’s SD policies; (b) the SDI trend aligns with per capita GDP, implying that the state of economic development measured by per capita GDP well approximates the degree of SD; (c) most goals, especially those in the economy and society subclasses, show sustained improvement and contribute to the improvement of China’s SDI. However, it is still relatively fragile in the environment subclass and requires further strengthening. Therefore, China should continue strengthening ecological civilization construction to achieve the 2030 Agenda and 2030 carbon peak target. JEL Classification C43, O10, O53
How the Government Can Mitigate the Emerging Risks of Artificial Intelligence

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The astonishing pace of development in Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been welcomed for the benefits it brings to society and businesses. However, the malicious use of AI has raised alarms in academia and the government. The unbridled growth of AI technology has been portrayed as a risk to humankind. [7] The initial impact of the misuse of AI is shown in the form of deepfakes and sophisticated phishing attacks. The pace of AI development is unprecedented, and other issues that will come up are unknown. In this paper, I will assess how the “known unknown” risks of artificial intelligence should be handled and propose ways for the government to get involved in a constructive way, such that the risks of AI can be mitigated. I draw lessons from emergency preparedness and establish a need to have government involvement at the federal level to mitigate the growing risks from AI. This organization would bring other government agencies, businesses, and citizens together to take steps to deal with the risks from AI. Taking measures to counter deepfakes, facilitating the learning of AI models, and handling biases in AI models are three important goals for the government’s agency.
THERMOSEMIOTICS OF ACUTE TONSILLITIS.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Research purpose - to set the thermosemiotics of acute tonsillitis by the exposure of infrared features in a submandibular region and on the hands of healthy people, and also comparisons of the got results with the corresponding indexes of such patients. 95 patients with acute tonsillitis, and also 32 healthy volunteers with a normal temperature bodies without tonsil pathology were examined. Age of inspected persons was from 20 to 58 years. For achievement to the aim of investigation medical thermal imager ТІ-120 was used. Thermal images were estimated visually and by use of program package «IRSee Software». For patients with acute tonsillitis clear strong positive correlation between the temperature of half of submandibular region and warming-up in the center of hands (r=0,816…0,853 at Р<0,01) and in the middle thenar on a corresponding side - r=0,792...0,829 at Р<0,01. is traced. Temperature distribution of right and left submandibular region and both hands of healthy persons is symmetric. Significant differences between females and males are not present. Between age and temperature of submandibular region there is reliable middle force reverse dependence - r=-0,392 at Р<0,05, and also it is between age and temperature of middle of palm - r=-0, 376 at Р<0,05.
Shunt posts in microstrip transmission lines

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Shunt posts in microstrip transmission lines are analyzed by employing the planar waveguide model. A multiple expansion method with greatly enhanced efficiency and accuracy has been achieved with the development of very fast algorithms for the computation of Schloemilch-type series. The method applies to perfectly conducting imperfectly conducting, and composite shunt posts. This approach is compared with the standard point matching technique for perfectly conducting posts. The two methods are found to be in excellent agreement in regions of overlapping applicability. A fairly wide range of computed data is utilized to develop the tools needed to incorporate the post into various microstrip circuit applications. As one application, a procedure is developed for using this post to obtain effective short-circuiting qualities over a broad frequency range. As a second application, the possibility of creating filtering devices is explored using both multiple metallic post structures and single dielectric posts.< >
A Practical Approach to Web Service Discovery and Retrieval

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

One of the fundamental pillars of the Web service vision is a brokerage system that enables services to be published to a searchable repository and later retrieved by potential users. This is the basic motivation for the UDDI standard, one of the three standards underpinning current Web service technology. However, this aspect of the technology has been the least successful, and the few Web sites that today attempt to provide a Web service brokerage facility do so using a simple cataloguing approach rather than UDDI. In this paper we analyze why the brokerage aspect of the Web service vision has proven so difficult to realize in practice and outline the technical difficulties involved in setting up and maintaining useful repositories of Web services. We then describe a pragmatic approach to web service brokerage based on automated indexing and discuss the required technological foundations. We also suggest some ideas for improving the existing standards to better support this approach and Web service searching in general.
Detection of brain tumor and localization of a deep brain RF-source using microwave imaging

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a feasibility study using numerical simulations for microwave imaging based brain tumor detection. An anatomically realistic numerical phantom with a model of brain tumor is used, where scattered electromagnetic signals are generated using the phantom by finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) simulations. The microwave imaging technique based on Levernberg-Marquadt iterative scheme is used to solve the inverse scattering problem for the head of the phantom in the 403.5 MHz medical radio (MedRadio) band. Two-dimensional quantitative images having the electrical properties of the brain are reconstructed. Differential images are obtained by taking the difference between the reconstructed images with and without the tumor model, and with and without the expected effect of the contrast agents. Although it is difficult to detect a small tumor in the reconstructed image, a tumor of diameter 5 mm can be detected in the differential image in high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) cases. The simulation results show that at least 45 dB SNR is required for small size tumor detection. Moreover, the paper presents a study of a localization method based on microwave imaging for deep- brain RF-source. The method can be useful for precise positioning of a neuro-endoscope. The simulation results show that it is possible to localize a deep-brain RF-source in two dimensions with a localization accuracy of 5 mm at a SNR of 30 dB.
NEURINOMA OF THE FACIAL NERVE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Neurinoma of the facial nerve has only recently been reported in the American literature. The tumor has also been known by such names as perineurial fibroblastoma, neurilemmoma, peripheral glioma, schwannoglioma and schwannoma. This report, with the presentation of a case, is being given because of the rarity of the tumor and because it demonstrates the possibility of making a preoperative diagnosis. In 1935 Altmann1presented 4 cases of neurinoma of the descending portion of the facial nerve; then, in 1937, he reported 1 more case.2In both his reports he demonstrated that the tumor presents a definite clinical entity and published the first comprehensive discussion of the differential diagnosis. He dealt with far progressed stages of the condition and the important diseases entering into the differential diagnosis. These are chronic otitis media with polyp formation, proliferative tuberculosis of the middle ear and carcinoma of the middle ear. Altmann2stated that
Proteomic profiling reveals KRT6C as the hereterodimer partner for KRT9 in epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background: Epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma (EPPK), a highly penetrant autosomal dominant genodermatosis, is characterized by diffuse yellow keratoses on the palms and soles, with distinct erythematous border. The keratin 9 gene ( KRT9 ) is restrictedly expressed in the suprabasal layer of palmoplantar epidermis, whose mutations are responsible for EPPK. To date, phenotypic therapy is the primary treatment for EPPK, so that the disease cannot be cured radically. Therefore, unveiling the pathogenic mechanism serves as an essential path to exploring the more fundamental treatment. Because KRT9 pairs with another type II keratin-binding partner to function as cytoskeleton protein in epidermis for EPPK, identifying the interaction partner is an essential first step in revealing their biological function. Results: In this study, we obtained KRT9-interacting proteins in the human sole skin by using co-immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectroscopy. Among the KRT9-interacting proteins, we proved that keratin 6C (KRT6C) is the hereterodimer partner for KRT9 by reverse co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence assay and quantitative co-localization analysis. The in silico model for KRT6C/KRT9 built by SWISS-MODEL and PyMOL shows a typical coiled-coil structure in their 2B domains. The proteomics analysis by Metascape shows that KRT6C/KRT9 keratin pair is in a densely connected protein-protein network, where proteins participate jointly in regulating cytoskeleton organization and keratinization processes. Conclusions: This study shows that co-immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectroscopy provides a sensitive and reliable approach, which helps discover the previously unidentified hereterodimer partner KRT6C for KRT9 in a native endogenous environment. The acknowledgement of KRT6C/KRT9 pairwise relationship may help re-classify the genetic cutaneous disorders EPPK and PC-K6c at a molecular-based level, and lay foundation for deciphering the keratin network potentially contributing to function abnormalities in EPPK and even PC-K6c.
Pilot study on the treatment of cyclical mastodynia with Quinagolide.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In a pilot clinical trial on 52 patients, 75 microg Quinagolide given once per day was administered for the treatment of cyclical mastodynia. Linear analogue charts were used for the assessment of response. Decrease in breast pain, heaviness, tenderness and serum prolactin level on the one hand, and increases in the serum estradiol and progesterone levels on the other hand were noted after 3 and 6 months administration, and were statistically significant. Statistical analysis was performed by Paired t-test or Wilcoxon test. One-Way Anova Repeated Measures and Wilcoxon test and analysis of Covariance model. The beneficial effect of Quinagolide also lasted after the cessation of treatment. Fourteen patients dropped out during treatment. Adverse effects like nausea, low blood pressure, dizziness and constipation were rarely reported.
Bacterial peptidoglycan stimulates integrin expression and MMP production of synovial fibroblasts

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Vascular changes are consistent early findings in patients with SSc and often precede the development of fibrosis.Despite a significant reduction in the capillary density, there is paradoxically no sufficient angiogenesis in the skin of SSc patients.By using a pO 2 histograph, we showed that low pO 2 values are overt in involved skin of patients with SSc.In vitro, real-time PCR revealed a 3.7-fold upregulation of the potent angiogenic growth factor VEGF in SSc fibroblasts after hypoxic exposure compared to normoxic controls.In situ hybridization for VEGF in skin biopsies of patients with SSc showed an overexpression of VEGF mRNA by fibroblasts and mononuclear infiltrates, whereas its expression was limited to keratinocytes in healthy control biopsies.In contrast to the SSc skin, HIF-1 alpha protein was found to be coexpressed with VEGF in healthy skin samples, indicating that the constitutive VEGF synthesis in the skin is driven by this transcription factor.Additionally, we showed that the lack of angiogenesis in SSc is not due to a reduced bioavailability of the overexpressed VEGF, since the VEGF receptors Flk-1 and Flt-1 were found to be expressed on endothelial cells of patients with SSc, but not in healthy controls, and since SSc patients had severely elevated serum levels of VEGF compared to healthy controls.Despite the enhanced levels of VEGF, serum samples of SSc patients did not induce angiogenesis in the vivo chorion allantois membrane assay, indicating that the proangiogenic effects of VEGF may be outweighed by angiostatic factors.The hypothesis that VEGF synthesis has to be above an individual threshold in SSc patients to induce angiogenesis was further strengthened by the finding that patients without fingertip ulcers had significantly higher levels than patients with fingertip ulcers.Interestingly, the angiostatic factor endostatin was elevated in a subset of patients and thus may counteract directly the bio-logic effects of VEGF in SSc patients.Serum levels of VEGF were also correlated significantly with disease severity parameters including antitopoisomerase antibodies.These results suggest that therapeutic application of VEGF by either gene transfer or as a recombinant protein might be a novel option in SSc.
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and Violent Extremism in the Middle East: A Complex Systems Analysis of Loyalty and Intransigence

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Internet Communication Technologies (ICT) are changing the way that people learn, do business, build relationships and manage their lives. The interaction between governing systems within a state and the residents within that state are considered complex adaptive systems (CAS). Thomas Homer-Dixon (1999) asserts that CAS are primarily driven by feedback mechanisms that determine the nature of the activity while perpetuating interactions within the system. The collection of states in the Middle East regulated by the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), including Qatar, have been especially adept at engaging the world and each other through the internet. This interplay constitutes a complex adaptive system, where one mechanism (the internet) interacts with a diverse population, resulting in emergent outcomes. Civilians under the leadership of oppressive regimes are finding new ways to solve problems of corruption, poverty, unemployment and opportunity constraints. This fluidity of thought in problem solving, innovation and creative reform is due, in part, to a global culture that regularly utilizes ICT’s. There are, however, those who remained fixed; unwilling to shape new policies to accommodate a new psychosocial, global and technological landscape. This study examines the correlation between ICT’s, education, unemployment and propensity to resort to violence in response to oppression through the lens of loyalty (fixed perspectives aligned with oppressive governance) and ‘relative’ intransigence against loyalist perspectives that reflect fluidity and openness to experience aligned with healthy reform. It also tests Thomas Homer-Dixon’s approach to examining complex adaptive systems (CAS) using Social Network Analysis and Social Ecology Theory
Preliminary on-sky results of the next generation GMT phasing sensor prototype

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Active optics, Guiding, and Wavefront Sensing system (AGWS), currently being designed by SAO, will use J-band dispersed fringe sensors (DFS) to phase the GMT to a fraction of an imaging wavelength. These phasing sensors will use off-axis guide stars to measure phase shifts at each of 12 segment boundaries. The fringes produced at each boundary will be dispersed in the perpendicular direction using an array of high-index doublet prisms. Inter-segment phase shifts will appear as tilts in the dispersed fringes, which can be measured in the Fourier domain. In order to avoid atmospheric blurring of the fringes, we require a J-band detector capable of fast, low-noise readout, which mandates the use of a SAPHIRA e-APD array. We built a DFS prototype that we tested on-sky at the Magellan Clay telescope behind the MagAO adaptive optics system in May 2018.
Clinical skills of medical residents: a review of physical examination.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Students are introduced to techniques of physical examination at medical school. However, their skills are deficient at the time of graduation, and with the increasing shift of clinical teaching away from the bedside and into the conference room it is expected that these skills will weaken in succeeding generations of physicians. A practical and satisfactory method of addressing this problem during internship and residency training has not been forthcoming because of the lack of a regular forum for the teaching of clinical skills in busy tertiary referral hospitals and the shortage of teachers with the necessary skills and commitment to teaching a large number of house staff. We describe a program whose unique hierarchical approach has permitted a detailed ongoing review of physical examination. One clinician was able to teach 24 residents by instructing a small group of senior residents, who in turn, after practising with clinical clerks, taught groups of junior residents.