jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The effects of peer tutoring on aggressive and prosocial behaviors in the mentally retarded.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Some of the positive social benefits found to accrue among participants of peer tutoring programs were investigated in mentally retarded subjects who were characterized by aggressive behavior. Twenty-five institutionalized adults were randomly assigned to be tutors or nontutuors. All subjects were trained to play with an experimental apparatus that delivered pairs of edible rewards following its correct operation. Subjects were taught to share one of the edibles with the trainer. During the experimental treatment, nontutors were allowed to operate the apparatus and to share with the trainer as before. However, tutors were prompted to demonstrate their skill to a peer and then to share an edible with them. As expected, the scores on posttreatment experimental tests of both sharing and helping were significantly higher for tutors (p $<$.05). In addition, tutors were found to be significantly less aggressive than nontutors on one measure of aggression (p $<$.05). The results are congruent with previous research and suggest that the positive effects of tutoring may extend to the mentally retarded. Potential biases in the procedure, as well as a number of alternative explanations for the results are discussed.
The non‐typeable Haemophilus influenzae Sap transporter provides a mechanism of antimicrobial peptide resistance and SapD‐dependent potassium acquisition

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Summary We have shown that non‐typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) resists killing by antimicrobial peptides (APs). A mutant defective in expression of the sap ( s ensitivity to a ntimicrobial p eptides) gene cluster product SapA is sensitive to killing by APs and is significantly attenuated in its ability to survive in a chinchilla model of otitis media compared with the parent strain. In NTHI, SapA is believed to function as the periplasmic solute binding protein of an ABC transporter. Here, we demonstrated that recombinant chinchilla beta defensin‐1 specifically interacted with recombinant SapA and that AP exposure increased expression of the sap operon. We further demonstrated that the putative Sap transporter ATPase protein, SapD, was required for AP resistance as well as potassium uptake in NTHI strain 86‐028NP. Loss of SapD additionally abrogated NTHI survival in vivo . Complementation of the sapD mutation restored the ability to grow in potassium‐limited medium, resistance to AP‐mediated killing and survival in vivo . Collectively, these data support a mechanism of Sap system‐mediated resistance to APs that depends on Sap‐dependent transport of APs and a Sap‐dependent restoration of potassium homeostasis. Thus, NTHI required a functional Sap system to mediate bacterial survival and pathogenesis in vivo .
Experiments to increase the used Energy with the PEGASUS Railgun

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The French-German Research Institute (ISL) has several railguns installed, the largest of these is the PEGASUS accelerator. It is a 6m long, 4x4 cm2 caliber distributed energy supply (DES) railgun. It has a 10 MJ capacitor bank as energy supply attached to it. In the past, this installation was used to accelerate projectiles with a mass of about 300 g to velocities up to 2500 m/s. In the ongoing investigation, it is attempted to accelerate heavier projectiles to velocities above 2000m/s. For this a new type of projectile including a payload section was developed. In this paper the results of the experiments with payload projectiles using a primary energy between 3.8 MJ and 4.8 MJ are discussed.
Molecular mechanisms of atrial fibrosis: implications for the clinic

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Recent research has unravelled an increasing list of cardiac conditions and risk factors that may be responsible for the abnormal underlying atrial substrate that predisposes to atrial fibrillation (AF). Atrial fibrosis has been demonstrated as the pivotal structural abnormality underpinning conduction disturbances that promote AF in different disease models. Despite the advancement in our discoveries of the molecular mechanisms involved in the profibrotic milieu, targeted therapeutics against atrial fibrosis remain lacking. Areas covered: This review is focused on detailing the key molecular signalling pathways that contribute to atrial fibrosis including: angiotensin II, transforming growth factor (TGF- ß1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and endothelin-1. We also discussed the potential therapeutic options that may be useful in modulating the abnormal atrial substrate. In addition, we examined the new paradigm of AF care in lifestyle and risk factor management that has been shown to arrest and reverse the atrial remodelling process leading to improved AF outcomes. Expert commentary: The future of AF care is likely to require an integrated approach consisting of aggressive risk factor management in addition to the established paradigm of rate and rhythm management and anticoagulation. Translational studies on molecular therapeutics to combat atrial fibrosis is urgently needed.
Chemical Named Entity Recognition Using Deep Learning Techniques

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Chemical entities can be represented in different forms like chemical names, chemical formulae, and chemical structures. Because of the different classification frameworks for chemical names, the task of distinguishing proof or extraction of chemical elements with less ambiguous is considered a major test. Compound named entity recognition (NER) is the initial phase in any chemical-related data extraction strategy. The majority of the chemical NER is done utilizing dictionary-based, rule-based, and machine learning procedures. Recently, deep learning methods have evolved, and, in this chapter, the authors sketch out the various deep learning techniques applied for chemical NER. First, the authors introduced the fundamental concepts of chemical named entity recognition, the textual contents of chemical documents, and how these chemicals are represented in chemical literature. The chapter concludes with the strengths and weaknesses of the above methods and also the types of the chemical entities extracted.
Identity dimensions and self-esteem as predictors of school attachment in adolescence period

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study is to investigate whether identity dimensions and self-esteem significantly predict the level of school attachment. The study group consisted of 185 female (62.7%) and 110 male (37.3%) who were studying at High School in Uşak province and they accepted to participate in the study as voluntary. Utrecht-Management of Identity Commitments Scale, School Attachment Scale for Children and Adolescents and Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale were used to collect data. According to regression analysis results identity dimensions and self-esteem significantly predicted attachment to school, attachment to teacher and attachment to friend. Cultural, educational, artistic and sportive activities should be planned to enable students to realize their potential for a healthy identity development and self-esteem.
Hole drilling of Inconel 718 by high intensity pulsed UV laser

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Holes were percussion drilled in 1.5 mm thick INCONEL 718 plates at 30° angle from the surface using a state-of-the-art, pulsed, Q-Switched Nd: YAG laser. It showed that shortening the laser wavelength resulted in thinner recast layers, less microcracks, and much faster machining speeds. Ripple-like patterns were found on the hole-walls and a tentative explanation was given. The temperature distribution during laser hole drilling was simulated, and the materials removal rate, reflectivity and thermodynamic critical temperature were deduced from the simulations. A two-step processing method was proposed and tested to be effective. A new rotating quartz system was designed for drilling greater diameter holes and proved working well.
Study of a Model of Wet Ammonia-Based Flue Gas Desulphurization

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Removal of sulphur dioxide(SO 2 ) from the flue gases emitted from various industries in a technological-economical-environmental manner and its accurate prediction is of great importance. In present investigation, a mathematics model of wet ammonia-based flue gas desulphurization(FGD) was developed by studying the process of mass transfer and chemical reaction. This model was used to simulate the process of SO 2 absorption in the packed column, and it was found that calculated results agreed fairly well with experimental data for a wide range of operating conditions of pH of solution, liquid-to-gas ratio, inlet SO 2 concentration and gas flow rate. This model can provide predictions of the absorption performances of wet ammonia-based flue gas desulphurization and appears to be really helpful to design scrubbers for SO 2 abatement with ammonia.
The effectiveness of different Pimaricin (Natamycin) preparations in the local treatment of mycotic infections

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Zusammenfassung Insgesamt wurden 311 Patienten — 247 Kinder und 64 Erwachsene —, die an einer oberflächlichen Pilzinfektion erkrankt waren, mit sechs verschiedenen Pimafucin (Natamycin)-Präparaten behandelt: Pimafucin-Vaginaltabletten, Pimafucin-Puder 1,5 %, Pimafucin-Suspension 1 % und 2,5 %, Pimafuoin-Creme und Pimafucort. In 288 (73,3 %) Fällen wurde eine vollständige Abheilung und in 72 (20,2 %) Fällen eine Besserung erzielt. Bei 11 (3,5 %) Patienten wurde unter der Behandlung mit Pimafucin-Präparaten keine Beeinflussung der Mykose beobachtet. Nebenerscheinungen durch Natamycin wurden nicht festgestellt. Summary A total of 311 patients, including 247 children and 64 adults suffering from superficial fungal infections were treated with six natamycin preparations: Pimafucin (natamycin) vaginal tablets, Pimafucin 1,5 % powder, Pimafucin 1 % and 2,5 % oral suspension, Pimafucin cream, and Pimafucort ointment. A complete cure was achieved in 288 (73,3 %) cases and improvement in 72 (20,2 %). There was no success in 11 (3,5 %) cases. No signs of intolerance were observed.
CRMdig: A Generic Digital Provenance Model for Scientific Observation.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The systematic large-scale production of digital scientific objects, the diversity of the processes involved and the complexity of describing historical relationships among them, imposes the need for an innovative knowledge management system capable to handle all the semantic information in order to monitor, manage and document the origins and derivation of products in a flexible manner. We have implemented CRMdig, an extension of the CIDOC-CRM ontology, which is able to capture the modeling and the query requirements regarding the provenance of digital objects for e-science. CRMdig is particularly rich in describing the physical circumstances of scientific observation resulting in digital data.
Policies and labels for negotiating rights protection for the environmentally displaced in Ghana: the Dagara farmer in perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper discusses the issue of rights within the context of contemporary policies and the extent to which they address the challenges confronting environmentally displaced people in Ghana. It also explores the role of labels in the drive toward affording appropriate rights protection for the environmentally displaced. The discussions are an offshoot from two extant studies conducted through interviews and focus group sessions. The objective of the first study was to assess the level of preparedness of government to offer appropriate rights protection to environmentally displaced persons. The second study investigated how migrants, especially those affected by changing environmental condition are able to gain access and negotiate their rights in all the different places they go to. From the studies, it was found that there are no clear policies in Ghana meant to afford rights protection to environmentally displaced people and that the rights of such migrants keep shifting with both time and location. People migrating from areas of environmental scarcity lack the capacity to negotiate for ‘better’ rights due to weak leadership and the fear of losing courtesies extended to them by the host communities. It concludes that there are ample opportunities within the policy and social environments for supporting and promoting appropriate rights protection for environmentally displaced people. It recommends a shift in the national policy drive toward a rights-based protection with clear blue prints for targeting and addressing the needs of environmentally displaced in Ghana.
Systems pharmacology modeling of drug‐induced hyperbilirubinemia: Differentiating hepatotoxicity and inhibition of enzymes/transporters

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Elevations in serum bilirubin during drug treatment may indicate global liver dysfunction and a high risk of liver failure. However, drugs also can increase serum bilirubin in the absence of hepatic injury by inhibiting specific enzymes/transporters. We constructed a mechanistic model of bilirubin disposition based on known functional polymorphisms in bilirubin metabolism/transport. Using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model‐predicted drug exposure and enzyme/transporter inhibition constants determined in vitro , our model correctly predicted indinavir‐mediated hyperbilirubinemia in humans and rats. Nelfinavir was predicted not to cause hyperbilirubinemia, consistent with clinical observations. We next examined a new drug candidate that caused both elevations in serum bilirubin and biochemical evidence of liver injury in rats. Simulations suggest that bilirubin elevation primarily resulted from inhibition of transporters rather than global liver dysfunction. We conclude that mechanistic modeling of bilirubin can help elucidate underlying mechanisms of drug‐induced hyperbilirubinemia, and thereby distinguish benign from clinically important elevations in serum bilirubin.
CLINICAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENT OF RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY STUDENTS: A CORNERSTONE TO PROFESSIONAL READINESS

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study investigates how the Clinical Learning Environment (CLE) affects Philippine students studying radiologic technology's professional preparedness. The study uses an explanatory sequential mixed methods research design to investigate how much students believe different CLE components—like clinical activities, screening and evaluation, and orientation—have an impact on their growth. 60 interns from three chosen radiologic technology schools in Bulacan participated in a survey that evaluated their experiences in areas such as equipment maintenance, clinical responsibility, imaging technology optimization, and patient care. Quantitative results indicate that all CLE components were implemented to a high degree, and students' clinical performance and the evaluation of school learning activities were found to be significantly positively correlated. Additionally, the qualitative information obtained from focus group conversations confirms that clinical activities are essential for students' future jobs and emphasizes the significance of patient care as a priority among students. In order to guarantee that students are suitably equipped for the rapidly changing field of radiologic technology, the study emphasizes the need for continuous improvements to the CLE, promoting frequent curriculum updates, faculty development, and the incorporation of cutting-edge technologies. As a result, the CLE is an essential training ground that affects patient care quality in hospital settings as well as educational outcomes.
Anal incontinence: evaluation and biofeedback therapy.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Incontinence is a very stigmatizing symptom in our society. About 1% of the adult population is affected by fecal incontinence. In the evaluation anorectal manometry and defecography play a major role. Therapy often is still disappointing. In recent years simple retaining or biofeedback therapy have been reported to improve about 70% of incontinent patients. Within one year we treated 19 patients. Success was achieved in 69%. Biofeedback training, therefore, should be attempted prior to considering surgery.
A study on borrower choice and market competition in Singapore’s moneylending market

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper uses data obtained from Onelyst, an online loan matching platform to study the Singapore moneylending market. We explored two main research questions: what offer terms are borrowers most concerned with when making an offer acceptance decision (Choice Model) and whether lenders compete to offer more favourable loan terms (Competition Model). The Choice Model utilizes the Conditional Logistic Regression Model to understand how borrowers make decisions when faced with multiple loan offers, and the results show that amongst the various offer characteristics available in our data, borrowers are most concerned with the Offer Amount-to-Request Amount Ratio (Offer-Request Ratio), Interest Rate, and Distance between them and the moneylender. The result has regulatory implications, as authorities have mainly focused on regulating the licensed moneylending market via restrictions on interest rates, and have in fact banned the geographic entry of moneylenders; however, our results show that preventing such entry could be undesirable for borrowers. The Competition Model builds on the findings of the Choice Model and examines if lenders compete by lowering Interest Rates and increasing Offer-Request Ratio. We used a Two-Stage Least Squares Regression (2SLS) to correct for omitted variable bias in the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) Regression. The results were insignificant for Offer-Request Ratio but highly significant for Interest Rate, where the 2SLS estimates show that the marginal offer induced by market competition reduces interest rate significantly, while the marginal endogenous offer has negligible impact. This shows that competition is in fact beneficial to borrowers, and that regulators should reconsider anti-competitive measures in the future.
Psychopharmacologic Treatment Response of HIV-Infected Patients to Antipsychotic Medications

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Article AbstractBecause this piece does not have an abstract, we have provided for your benefit the first 3 sentences of the full text.As noted in last month's column, the atypical antipsychotics have generally been preferred to typical agents in the treatment of psychotic symptoms in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. However, these drugs also cause metabolic syndrome as a toxicity, which may exacerbate an existing metabolic syndrome toxicity (referred to as "lipodystrophy syndrome") commonly experienced by these patients and caused by long-term use of antiretroviral (ARV) medications. Hence, a more cautious deliberation over preference for the atypicals is warranted.†‹
ronald rudin. Banking en français: The French Banks of Quebec, 1835–1935. (Social History of Canada, number 38.) Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 1985. Pp. xiv, 188. Cloth $20.00, paper $9.95

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article ronald rudin. Banking en français: The French Banks of Quebec, 1835–1935. (Social History of Canada, number 38.) Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 1985. Pp. xiv, 188. Cloth $20.00, paper $9.95 Get access Rudin Ronald. Banking en français: The French Banks of Quebec, 1835–1935. (Social History of Canada, number 38.) Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 1985. Pp. xiv, 188. Cloth $20.00, paper $9.95. Peter A. Baskerville Peter A. Baskerville University of Victoria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 91, Issue 5, December 1986, Pages 1299–1300, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/91.5.1299 Published: 01 December 1986
Cognitive and Social Development in Preschool Children Born to Women Using Substances

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Prenatal substance exposure is associated with physical birth defects and increased risk of regulatory and neuropsychological difficulties of children born to mothers using substances while pregnant. Myriad factors, such as maternal psychopathology, stress, and poor living circumstances, may influence childhood development in addition to the teratological effect of prenatal substance exposure. This study explores the long-term developmental consequences in children from birth to age 7 born to women using substances and are in treatment. A series of t tests were performed to explore group effects on the cognitive and social dimensions of Griffiths Mental Development Scales compared with Swedish norms. The results showed significant effects on eye and hand coordination in children aged birth to 7 years and on hearing and speech, practical reasoning, and the general quotient in children aged 3 to 7 years. Children who were exposed primarily to alcohol in utero scored significantly lower on the personal and social skills subscale, eye and hand coordination subscale, and the general quotient than children exposed primarily to substances other than alcohol. These effects did not appear to be mediated by the mothers' social background or treatment history. The results suggest that children who are exposed to substances, in particular alcohol, in utero are vulnerable overall, but especially in eye and hand coordination and personal and social skills.
Thyreocephalus marginipennis Janák & Bordoni, 2015, sp. nov.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Thyreocephalus marginipennis sp. nov. (Figs. 185, 186, 201–206) Type locality. Ghana, Ashanti reg., Mampong scarpe, 7° 00' N, 1° 22' W. Type material. Holotype ♂: GHANA: “ Ghana, Ashanti reg., Mampong scarpe, 600 m, 7.00N, 1.22W, S. Endrödy-Younga 19.XII.1965 ”, “ Holotypus Thyreocephalus marginipennis sp. nov., Janák & Bordoni det. 2015” (HNHM). Paratypes: 1 ♀: GHANA: same data as holotype (ABFI); IVORY COAST: 1 ♀: “ Côte d'Ivoire, Lamé, Bingerville, P. Genty 29.VIII.1968 ” (MNHNP). The label “ Paratypus Thyreocephalus marginipennis sp. nov., Janák & Bordoni det. 2015” was added to all paratypes. Description. Body length 11.5 mm; length from anterior margin of head to posterior margin of elytra: 4.8 mm. Head black; pronotum, elytra and abdomen very dark reddish brown; deflexed lateral sides of the elytra yellowish; antennae and legs brown (Fig. 185). Pronotum with micro-punctation. Head and pronotum and related punctation as in Figs. 186, 201; labrum as in Fig. 202. Head with fine punctation apart from setiferous punctures. Elytra as long and wide as pronotum, slightly dilated posteriad, with less marked humeral angles. Surface with very fine and sparse punctation, arranged in three series, one near suture, one median and one lateral. Abdomen with fine and dense, transverse micro-striation and fine and sparse punctation on the sides. Male. Tergite 10 and sternite 9 of male genital segment as in Figs. 203, 204. Aedeagus (Fig. 205) 1.6 mm long, ovoid, with narrow, sub-triangular median lobe; parameres short; inner sac semi-transparent, difficult to interpret. Differential diagnosis. Thyreocephalus marginipennis differs from the similarly colored T. gabonensis in smaller body, narrower, sub-rectangular head and in the different shape of the aedeagus. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the Latin marginatus, - a, -um and pennis, in relation to the coloration of the elytra. Distribution. The species is known from Ivory Coast and Ghana (Fig. 206). Bionomics. One specimen was collected under bark.