jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Is Lateral Incisor Agenesis Associated with an Increased Occurrence of Tooth Agenesis Outside of the Cleft Region in Complete Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients?

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Aim: This study compared the prevalence of tooth agenesis out of the cleft area in patients with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) with and without agenesis of maxillary permanent lateral incisors.Methods: Tooth agenesis was evaluated in panoramic radiographs taken between 7 and 11 years of age. Intergroup comparison of tooth agenesis frequency was performed using the chi-square test (P<0.05) and the odds ratio. A sample of 130 patients (87 male, 43 female) with non-syndromic bilateral cleft lip and palate was selected. Group P (n = 44) consisted of individuals with the presence of maxillary lateral incisors on the right and left sides; group UA (n = 40) comprised patients with unilateral agenesis of lateral incisors; group BA (n = 46) comprised patients with bilateral agenesis of lateral incisors. Intergroup comparison for frequency of tooth agenesis outside the cleft area was performed using Chi-square test (p-value <0.05 was considered significant) and the odds ratio (p<0.016).Results: The prevalence of dental agenesis out of the cleft area in groups P, UA, and BA was 31.8%, 32.5%, and 60.8%, respectively. Group BA showed a significantly greater prevalence of tooth agenesis compared with the UA and P groups. There was no significant difference in the odds ratio between any groups. The most common absent teeth were the maxillary second premolars followed by the mandibular second premolars for all groups.Conclusion: Patients with BCLP and bilateral agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors show an increased prevalence of other permanent teeth. This association demonstrates a genetic background of maxillary lateral incisor agenesis at the cleft area.
Precursory volcanic activity and cultural response to the Late Bronze Age eruption of Santorini (Thera), Greece

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Late Bronze Age (LBA) eruption (ca. 1650 B.C.) of Thera (Santorini) was one of the largest known in history, burying and destroying a thriving Theran culture that occupied the island and surrounding islands. The consequent thick tephra deposit provides detailed information on the eruptive sequence and vent mechanics – it also provides details on that culture through burial of towns, farmsteads, and landscapes, the most prominent being the town of Akrotiri on the south coast of Thera. Here stratigraphic relationships between volcanic and archaeological deposits/constructions clearly indicate this eruption was signaled by seismic and minor eruptive events precursory to the main Plinian eruption. Because no casualties have yet been found beneath the tephra, inhabitants had advance notice of the impending diaster by a precursory eruption whose deposits are well preserved both within the archaeological site and in geological exposures throughout southern Thera island – and escaped by boat. Yet archaeological sites on nearby islands rarely record an influx of new arrivals at the time of the eruption. Accordingly, it is suggested here that those escaping were incinerated at sea by pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) that traversed across the ocean surface during the second phase of the catastrophic eruption.
The Black Press Centering on Injustice (1938)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This is a content analysis of coverage by the Seattle Times, the Seattle Post-Intelligencer, the Seattle Star (mainstream papers), and the Northwest Enterprise (NWE, a Black press weekly newspaper) of the 1938 Berry Lawson police brutality case in Seattle, Washington. This study proposed to answer three research questions: (1) How did each type of news organization, Eurocentric and Black, frame the Lawson case? (2) Are these frames the same for both types of papers? (3) If not, how do the papers frame the case differently? The NWE’s frame was Afrocentric. The mainstream papers’ frame was Eurocentric.
The Antibiotic Prescribing Pathway for Presumed Urinary Tract Infections in Nursing Home Residents

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives: Due to the high rates of inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for presumed urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing home (NH) residents, we sought to examine the antibiotic prescribing pathway and the extent to which it agrees with the Loeb criteria; findings can suggest strategies for antibiotic stewardship. Methods: Chart review of 260 randomly-selected cases from 247 NH residents treated with an antibiotic for a presumed UTI in 31 NHs in North Carolina. We examined the prescribing pathway from presenting illness, to the prescribing event, illness work-up and subsequent clinical events including emergency department use, hospitalization, and death. Analyses described the decision-making processes and outcomes and compared decisions made with Loeb criteria for initiation of antibiotics. Results: Of 260 cases, 60% had documented signs/symptoms of the presenting illness and 15% met the Loeb criteria. Acute mental status change was the most commonly documented sign/symptom (24%). NH providers (81%) were the most common prescribers and ciprofloxacin (32%) was the most commonly prescribed antibiotic. Fourteen percent of presumed UTI cases included a white blood cell count, 71% included a urinalysis, and 72% had a urine culture. Seventy-five percent of cultures grew at least one organism with ≥100,000 colony-forming units/milliliter and 12% grew multi-drug resistant organisms; 28% of antibiotics were prescribed for more than 7 days, and 7% of cases had a subsequent death, emergency department visit, or hospitalization within 7 days. Discussion: Non-specific signs/symptoms appeared to influence prescribing more often than urinary tract-specific signs/symptoms. Prescribers rarely stopped antibiotics, and a minority prescribed for overly long periods. Providers may need additional support to guide the decision-making process to reduce antibiotic overuse and antibiotic resistance.
Investing niche wine marketing in New Zealand

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The Zealand wine industry has been, and continues to go through rapid growth since the early 1990's. The industry needed to consider how it administered this growth and presents itself to the local and world markets. As a result, Zealand Winegrowers has been established, as a joint initiative of the Zealand Grape Growers Council and the Institute of Zealand, to bring the industry under one roof, and to bring the New Zealand Wine brand to the attention of a global market. The industry is at a point where many of Zealand's oldest and best-known wineries have merged with, or have been purchased by, overseas conglomerates. Empirical research was executed to gauge the sentiments of the market as to the way forward.
The results of the research and the conclusions reviews the potential for Zealand's small and medium sized enterprise (SME) wineries to have successful cooperative marketing practices in the future. An outcome is a recent development in the Zealand wine industry, the so-called 'Family of 12', made up of a group of winemakers who have combined their marketers in an international marketing push. The conclusions and recommendations may provide some inputs for other Southern hemisphere countries like South Africa, Australia and Chile to deal with increased marketing competition.
Memanusiakan Pahlawan Devisa: Pemberdayaan dan Advokasi Komunitas Migran Indonesia di Malaysia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study addresses the challenges and needs of Indonesian migrant workers in Malaysia, who encounter issues such as poor living conditions, limited healthcare access, inadequate education, and insufficient legal protection. Wage disparities and job availability in Indonesia drive migration to neighboring countries, but a lack of skills often results in serious problems like job mismatches, human trafficking, and illegal labor. The aim of this community services is to identify the initial needs for developing the Indonesian international migrant community in Malaysia, with synergy between Indonesian universities and international students in Malaysia. The study employs a qualitative approach through interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with migrant workers. Findings indicate that many migrants live in inadequate housing with limited access to clean water and sanitation. They also face significant barriers to accessing healthcare, education for their children, and legal protection. Recommendations include improving housing conditions, enhancing healthcare access, providing formal education for migrant children, ensuring legal protection, and promoting economic empowerment through entrepreneurship and financial management training. Effective development and improved welfare for migrants require collaboration between the government, NGOs, universities, and local communities.
Current treatment and outcome of esophageal perforation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Esophageal perforation has been one of the serious clinical emergencies, because of the high mortality and complication rates. However, the current prognosis of esophageal perforation and the outcomes of available treatment methods are not well defined. This study attempted to pool the immediate outcomes of esophageal perforation in the past 2 decades. Methods: The clinical data of 22 consecutive adult patients with esophageal perforation in our center were analyzed. A pooled analysis was also conducted to summarize results from the literatures published between 1999 and 2020. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were assessed, and their methodological quality was examined. Results: The mortality and complication rates in our center were 4.55% and 31.82%, separately. The pooled analysis included 45 studies published between 1999 and 2019, which highlighted an overall immediate mortality rate of 9.86%. Surgical treatments were associated with a pooled immediate mortality of 10.01%, and for conservative treatments of 6.49%. Besides, in the past decade, the mortality and complication rates decreased by 27.12% and 46.75%, respectively. Conclusions: In the past 2 decades, the overall immediate mortality rate of esophageal perforation was about 10% in the worldwide, and the outcomes of esophageal perforation treatment are getting better in the last 10 years. Ethics Registration Information: LW2020011.
Unveiling the Stacking Faults in Fe2B Induces a High-Performance Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Fe2B is a potentially promising electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to its excellent electronic conductivity, which is superior to that of traditional oxide catalysts. However, the activity of Fe2B is still not satisfactory. In this study, meta-stable microstructure stacking faults (SFs) were incorporated into Fe2B through a one-step high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) method. Pressure suppressed atomic diffusion but formed SFs when the grain grew. Fe2B with SFs exhibited remarkable OER activity, with low overpotential values of only 269 and 344 mV required to reach current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively; because of the presence of SFs, the overpotential for the OER was reduced to only 67.7% of that of Fe2B without SFs at 10 mA cm−2. Theoretical and experimental investigations confirmed that these SFs regulate the d-band center of Fe2B toward the Fermi level, optimizing the catalytic site activity. Furthermore, SFs reduced the charge transfer between Fe atoms and boron (B) atoms, increasing the number of free electrons in the structure and thereby increasing conductivity. Finally, this study suggests a strategy to construct microstructures in crystals, providing new insights into designing excellent catalysts via microstructure engineering.
Banach space valued Cauchy-Riemann equations with totally real boundary conditions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The main purpose of this paper is to give a general regularity result for Cauchy-Riemann equations in complex Banach spaces with totally real boundary conditions. The usual elliptic $L^p$-regularity results hold true under one crucial assumption: The totally real submanifold has to be modelled on an $L^p$-space or a closed subspace thereof. Secondly, we describe a class of examples of such totally real submanifolds, namely gauge invariant Lagrangian submanifolds in the space of connections over a Riemann surface. These pose natural boundary conditions for the anti-self-duality equation on 4-manifolds with a boundary space-time splitting, leading towards the definition of a Floer homology for 3-manifolds with boundary, which is the first step in a program by Salamon for the proof of the Atiyah-Floer conjecture. The principal part of such a boundary value problem is an example of a Banach space valued Cauchy-Riemann equation with totally real boundary condition.
Wearable device for sedentary behavior change in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is feasible and acceptable

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

RATIONALE: Individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exhibit reduced physical activity (PA) and increased sedentary behavior (SB), both of which are independent predictors of mortality. Wearable technology providing vibration movement prompts may be effective in decreasing SB. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and perceptions of a vibration based FitBit™ SB change strategy in individuals with COPD.METHODS Individuals with stable COPD wore a FitBit™ with movement prompts enabled and disabled for one week each (order randomized). Feasibility and perceptions of the wearable device were assessed in each condition. A validated activity monitor (ActivPAL4™) was used to measure PA and SB.MAIN RESULTS: Of the 28 participants connected with, 19 (68%) expressed interest. A total of 18 of the 19 (95%) interested were eligible to participate, and 15 of 28 (54%) enrolled. All 15 participants completed the study with no dropouts. Nine (64%) participants identified the device as affordable. Perceptions toward the devices were generally positive or agreeable and were unaffected by the device condition (with or without prompts; P > 0.05). Responses to additional open-ended questions revealed that participants thought the device was helpful for breaking up sitting time, the timing of vibration reminders was perceived as confusing by some, and accessibility of the devices and individual preferences are important considerations.CONCLUSIONS The wearable device SB reduction strategy was feasible and participants had positive perceptions toward using it. Individualization and accessibility of device are important considerations.
Universality and herd immunity threshold: Revisiting the SIR model for COVID-19

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

COVID-19 pandemic has been raging all around the world for almost a year now, as of November 1, 2020. In this paper, we try to analyze the variation of the COVID-19 pandemic in different countries in the light of some modifications to the susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model. The SIR model was modified by taking time-dependent rate parameters. From this modified SIR model, the basic reproduction number, effective reproduction number, herd immunity, and herd immunity threshold are redefined. The re-outbreak of the COVID-19 is a real threat to various countries. We have used the above-mentioned quantities to find the reasons behind the re-outbreak of this disease. Also, the effectiveness of herd immunity to prevent an epidemic has been analyzed with respect to this model. We have also tried to show that there are certain universal aspects in the spread and containment of the disease in various countries for a short period of time. Finally, we have also analyzed the current pandemic situation in India and have attempted to discuss the possibilities in order to predict its future behavior using our model.
After-action reporting for April/May riots, 1992-07-15

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

After-action reporting for April/May riots by Operations, Operations - South Bureau, 1992 July 15. PART OF SERIES: Included in the series are internal documents produced by the LAPD, which aided the Webster Commission in its assessment of the Department's operations. Materials include copies of the Watch Commander's Daily Reports between October, 1991 and May, 1992; critiques and after-action reports on the riots issued by each LAPD bureau; and correspondence regarding personnel and budget matters, crime statistics, and several Department-initiated programs. Also included are several documents, including schedules, press releases, and memoranda, that were issued by the office of Los Angeles Mayor Tom Bradley regarding the verdicts in the Rodney King case.
Impact of Storm Surge on the Yellow River Delta: Simulation and Analysis

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Storm surges can lead to serious natural hazards and pose great threats to coastal areas, especially developed deltas. Assessing the risk of storm surges on coastal infrastructures is crucial for regional economic development and disaster mitigation. Combining in situ observations, remote sensing retrievals, and numerical simulation, storm surge floods in the Yellow River Delta (YRD) were calculated in different scenarios. The results showed that NE wind can cause the largest flooding area of 630 km2, although the overall storm surge risk in the delta is at lower levels under various conditions. The coastal oilfields are principally at an increasing storm surge risk level. E and NE winds would result in storm surges of 0.9–1.4 m, increasing the risk of flooding in the coastal oilfields. Nearshore seabed erosion in storm events resulted in a decrease in inundation depths and inundation areas. To prevent and control storm surge disasters, we should adapt to local conditions. Different measures should be taken to prevent the disaster of storm surges on different seashores, such as planting saltmarsh vegetation to protect seawalls, while the key point is to construct and maintain seawalls on high-risk shorelines.
Top-cited articles on simulation in the medical education field

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Simulation-based medical education (SBME) has been widely used in various medical fields. Simulation enables learners to acquire not only clinical techniques but also professionalism, communication, and teamwork skills. Simulation is also a useful method for clinical teachers to assess learning outcomes. Our study examined the evolution and focus of SBME through a review and analysis of the top-cited articles in the field of medical education. The search strategy was based on the following algorithm in Scopus to obtain SBME-related articles published in English before October 31, 2020: (“simulation” [All Fields] OR “simulated” [All Fields] AND (“education, medical” [MeSH Terms] OR (“education” [All Fields] AND “medical” [All Fields]) OR “medical education” [All Fields]). Most of the top-cited articles were published between 2005 and 2010 (n = 58; 58%). Original research was the most common research type (n = 58; 58%), followed by reviews (n = 33; 33%). The most commonly studied subject was “critical care medicine” (n = 20; 16.1%), followed by “emergency medicine” (n = 18; 14.5%). The leading research target groups were health care providers (n = 54; 50%), postgraduates (n = 28; 25.9%), and undergraduates (n = 8; 7.4%). In conclusion, simulation was most widely used in critical care medicine and emergency medicine. Junior residents and medical students were the most common learners in these studies. Simulation was also useful for training for specific procedures and team resource management, especially in multidisciplinary groups.
TRANSLATION AND THE PRODUCTION OF LOCAL LITERATURE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article looks at Taiwan's appropriation of literary modernism and the novelist Wang Chen-ho's writing, seeking to understand the mode of translation in the production of local literature. Wang's writing demonstrates a peculiar blending of heterogeneous languages. Straddling multiple linguistic and cultural realms, it can be argued that the author is a translator. Wang's composition evinces the practice of expressing self differentiating difference. From this perspective, translation not merely points to a liminal writing space in which subjects inscribe their own subjectivities; it also becomes a vital mode of writing that inspires literary creation and transformation.
Analysis of Embedding Dimension of Built-in sensor Nonlinear Output

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper studies the nonlinear characteristics of the output signal of a built-in sensor in a smart device when the speech signal is excited. According to the lyapunov exponent calculation, the chaotic characteristics of the output signal are verified. Based on the theory of phase space reconstruction, the FNN and Cao algorithms are used to solve the embedding dimension. Comparing the two results, when the speech signal is used as an input, the embedding dimension of the nonlinear signal output by the sensor is more accurate than the FNN by the Cao solution. It laid the foundation for the subsequent establishment of relevant mathematical models.
The Role of Phosphorus on Plant Succession of Grassland in Andosol Region II. Accumulation and decomposition of litter in natural grassland community

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was investigated about decomposition process of litter that is reduction pathway of phosphorus from plant body to soil That is, in each community of Miscanthus sinensis, SaSa palmalta. Artemisia princeps and Polygonum thunbergii, disappearing speed was calculated from total fallen leaves yield supplied as litter and litter existant yield. Besides, setting up litter bag that put litter in nylon mesh bag. calculated disappearing speed from decreasing speed of the weight of contents and then was compared and examined. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. Maximum litter yield was sequently Miscanthus sinensis＞SaSa palmalta＞Artemisia princeps＞Polygonum thunbergii, but, supplied litter yield was sequently Artemisia princeps＞Miscanthus sinenis＞Polygonum thunbergii＞SaSa palmalta. 2. Reduction speed of phosphorus from plant body to soil was Polygonum thunbergii＞Artemisia princeps＞Miscanthus sinensis＞SaSa palmalta. 3. Caculated disappearing speed using litter bag method was shown latter tendency than that of natural condition. 4. It was significantly negative relationship between N contents of litter and disappearing speed of litter.
The Response of Tribolium Confusum to Variations in the Volume of Its Environment

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The size of the population formed by the flour beetle Tribolium confusum has been found to depend on the volume of the environment rather than the amount of nutrient provided. This was determined by mixing powdered polyethylene with the flour medium, to vary the volume while holding the amount of nutrient constant. The polyethylene is probably not injurious to the adults for it appears to have no major effect on death rate. However, polyethylene and flour mixtures do alter some individual and population characteristics, probably those involved in cannibalism and egg production.