jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of Fe Doping Profile on Current Collapse in GaN‐based RF HEMTs

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Using computer‐aided design (TCAD) simulation, the impact of the Fe doping profile, including concentration, decay rate, and depth of the doping region on current‐collapse magnitude (▵CC) in 0.5‐μm gated GaN‐based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) is systematically investigated. Accurate simulation models are established and developed to facilitate the fabrication of electronics. It is elucidated that the intricate interplay between trapping and de‐trapping of Fe‐related traps at the gate‐drain edge is responsible for current collapse. The concentration and decay rate of the doping region have a more significant impact on current collapse than the depth. Increased trap state density near two‐dimensional electron gas (2DEG) channel caused by deep‐level acceptors would boost ▵CC. However, a minor dynamic reduction in 2DEG density (n T ) induces a relatively small ▵CC. By adjusting the concentration, decay rate, and depth of the doping region, ▵CC of GaN‐based Radio Frequency (RF) HEMTs can be reduced by approximately 50.3 %. The optimized distribution of Fe doping discussed in this work helps to prepare GaN‐based RF HEMTs with a limited current collapse effect.
Comparative development and reproduction of P lanococcus ficus and P lanococcus citri ( H emiptera: P seudococcidae) on grapevine under field conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Mealybugs are major pests in grape‐growing areas worldwide, causing direct and indirect crop damage. The vine mealybug P lanococcus ficus ( S ignoret) is a key pest in most of grape‐producing countries, whereas the citrus mealybug P lanococcus citri ( R isso) is reported as being destructive in B razilian and S panish vineyards. We examined the adaptation of the citrus mealybug to grapevine by investigating its development, reproduction and life‐history parameters under M editerranean field conditions in comparison with those of P . ficus . Both mealybug species developed and reproduced successfully on grapevine. However, P . ficus showed a shorter development time, larger female body size, and higher fecundity, fertility and survival than P . citri . The life‐history parameters further highlighted the different growth potential of vine and citrus mealybug populations because P . ficus exhibited a net reproductive rate and an intrinsic rate of increase two‐ to four‐fold higher than that of P . citri . Furthermore, the vine mealybug population doubled its number in approximately half time with respect to the citrus mealybug. Overall, the results of the present study show a better development and reproductive performance and a higher population growth potential of P . ficus compared with P . citri , indicating a higher capacity of the vine mealybug to develop on grapevine in M editerranean vineyards.
Cytoreductive surgery: left upper abdomen

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Metastatic ovarian cancer may involve important anatomical structures in the left upper abdomen including the transverse colon, the spleen, the tail of the pancreas, the left hemi-diaphragm and the stomach. The proximate relationship of these structures to the greater omentum and gastrocolic ligament predisposes to tumor spread by direct extension from a large omental cake. The spleen and left hemi-diaphragm, and rarely the stomach, may also be involved by independent metastatic lesions that are discontinuous with an omental tumor. This chapter will outline the relevant regional anatomy and address the cytoreductive surgical procedures required for the operative management of ovarian cancer extending to the left upper abdomen.
Post‐truth and anthropogenic climate change: Asking the right questions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The connection between climate skepticism and climate denial and what has become known as post‐truth culture has become the subject of much interest in recent years. This has lead to intense debates among scientists and activists about how to respond to this changed cultural context and the ways in which it is held to obstruct wider acceptance of climate science. Drawing on research in the sociology of scientific knowledge, science and technology studies, social psychology, and philosophical reflections on evidential reasoning, it is argued that these debates are focused on the wrong topic. The idea of post‐truth implies that a once‐straightforward linear relationship between scientific evidence and decision‐making has been eroded. But such an idealized relationship never existed. The proper role of scientific evidence in informing belief and action in response to the prospect of anthropogenic climate change needs reconsideration. A key part of this is to make uncertainties related to processes within the climate system and their potential outcomes into the main focus of public discussion around climate change. Instead of keeping the focus of debate on how to “get the science right,” such a reframing makes precautionary questions about the prospect of unacceptable losses into the main focus. This brings a variety of ethical and political values into the debate, perhaps creating better conditions for a minimal consensus about what to do. This article is categorized under: Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Communication
A Truss-Supported Doubly-Curved Deployable Reflector Based on the Miura-Ori Pattern

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper introduces a novel deployable reflector concept based on the Miura-Ori origami pattern. Compact folding is achieved for a doubly-curved reflector surface and its supporting truss, along with accommodation for structural thickness and depth. All components maintain kinematic mobility whilst remaining strain-free throughout a single-degree-of-freedom folding process, and collision between all components is eliminated. In this paper, the baseline reflector architecture is introduced and a parametric design methodology using Bayesian optimization to systematically obtain optimally-stowed geometries is detailed. In addition, an example design is obtained, a corresponding prototype model is made, and the design space is examined using Gaussian process regression.
Reform and consolidation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Chapter six traces the reform efforts of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, which eventually led to the consolidation of small independent hospitals into large civic institutions that became increasingly medicalized. Health boards created after the Black Death led to secularization of health care and poor relief. These social service institutions evolved over the early decades of the century and were a gradual response to the evolving needs and challenges of the population and the end of the communal era. This unification and institutionalization of civic oriented hospital care, resulted in one large Ospedale Maggiore, which was duplicated in towns and cities throughout Italy in the mid fifteenth century. It signified the end of the small, independent hospital movement that had so transformed the landscape of urban society earlier in the Middle Ages. The process of centralization that swept hospitals up in its wake was a universal feature of Italian state-formation in the age of the Renaissance
Data Reconstruction of Faulty Sensors for the Nuclear Power Plants Control System: A Strong Tracking Filter Approach

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract As an indispensable component of the control system, the sensor usually works in high temperature, high pressure, strong vibration and other failure-prone environment. The complex, changeable, and high intensity working environment makes the sensors work unstable, which eventually leads to the sensor fault. Once the sensor fault occurs, the output signal will deviate from the normal value, which seriously decreases the accuracy, stability and reliability of the control system. To solve this problem, the researchers tried to locate the faulty sensors and recover the missing data by the expertise, which results in low accuracy and long-time consuming. In this paper, a novel data reconstruction method for padding the missing data of the faulty sensor is proposed. Based on the extensive redundancy and complementarity of the information obtained from various types of sensors, the data reconstruction of the target sensor is realized by combining the thermal system model with the strong tracking filter algorithm. Simulation data of the single pressure condenser system show that, under different sensor fault modes, the reconstruction accuracy deviation of the signal reconstructed by the algorithm is less than 5% compared with the normal signal. The application of the proposed algorithm can significantly improve the safety and reliability of the control system.
Chapman's Discovery of Homer

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Chapman's translation of the Iliad was undertaken in three distinct stages. In 1598 he published Seaven Bookes of the Iliades1 with a dedication 'To the most Honored now living Instance of the Achilleian vertues eternized by divine Homere, the Earle of Essexe'. In 1608 he made some minor revisions to the books already translated (I, II, VII-XI) and added the intervening books and Book XII to produce Homer ... in twelve Bookes. At a later stage he translated the second half of the poem in fifteen weeks and entirely re-translated the first two books (except for the catalogue of forces at the end of Book II). In the 'commentarius' added to the 161 1 edition of The Iliads of Homer, he tells the reader that it was only in this final phase that he clearly discovered his author:
Chemodivergent and Stereoselective Construction of gem-Difluoroallylic Amines from Masked Difluorodiazo Reagents

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We report a general and efficient approach to construct achiral and chiral gem-difluoroallylic amines from a masked difluorodiazo reagent (PhSO2CF2CHN2) and readily available imines. This facile protocol takes advantage of the phenylsulfonyl and diazo moieties as efficient activating and directing groups to assist difluoroalkyl incorporation and facilitate the chemodivergent and stereoselective formation of gem-difluoroallylic amines.
[Morphologic criteria of the thrombohemorrhagic syndrome in acute craniocerebral injuries].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The brain and viscera of 19 persons who had died from acute closed craniocerebral trauma were studied histologically (survey methods). Nonspecific and universal pathology was demonstrated in the system of blood aggregation regulation (BAR) in the form of the thrombohemorrhagic syndrome (THS) on the organ-tissue level. The authors have shown the efficacy of intervention in the BAR system in the presence of such pathology and the necessity of heparinization for preventing dystrophy in the brain (the organ liberating coagulants) and organs which had not suffered injury but were involved in the thrombohemorrhagic process under compulsion on the part of the activated blood, as well as for preventing and treating edema of the brain, lungs, and other organs.
Multimodal analgesia in paediatric palliative care

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pain in hospitalized children is very common, under-recognized, and under-treated. In paediatric patients the pain might be not be caused by the underlying serious medical conditions alone, but also by their frequent exposure to painful procedures (e.g. bone marrow aspirations, dressing changes, lumbar punctures, blood draws, injections, etc.). Advanced paediatric pain treatment for children with serious illness usually requires multimodal analgesia, which may include medications from different analgesic classes, procedural interventions, rehabilitation, psychological, and/or integrative (‘non-pharmacological’) therapies that usually act synergistically for more effective paediatric pain control with fewer side effects than any single analgesic or modality.
Modified strip packing heuristics for the rectangular variable-sized bin packing problem

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Two packing problems are considered in this paper, namely the well-known strip packing problem (SPP) and the variable-sized bin packing problem (VSBPP). A total of 252 strip packing heuristics (and variations thereof) from the literature, as well as novel heuristics proposed by the authors, are compared statistically by means of 1170 SPP benchmark instances in order to identify the best heuristics in various classes. A combination of new heuristics with a new sorting method yields the best results. These heuristics are combined with a previous heuristic for the VSBPP by the authors to find good feasible solutions to 1357 VSBPP benchmark instances. This is the largest statistical comparison of algorithms for the SPP and the VSBPP to the best knowledge of the authors.
Pringle V. Ireland. Case C-370/12

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the judgment Pringle v. Ireland , the full Court of Justice of the European Union (Court or ECJ) upheld the validity of the decision of the European Council enabling the simplified amendment of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union(TFEU). In its Decision 2011/199/EU, the Council had provided for the establishment of a permanent European Stability Mechanism (ESM) by those member states of the European Union (Union or EU) that had adopted the euroas their common currency and legal tender. The Court also found in this judgment that those member states had not violated EU law by negotiating and concluding the Treaty Establishing the European Stability Mechanism (ESM Treaty). The Court based the latter finding on the long-awaited clarification of the scope and content of the TFEU’s “no-bailout clause” (Art. 125(1)), which had been the subject of intense controversies among legal scholars, in particular in Germany.
Policy evaluation in the hands of philanthropists and NGOs: the politics of getting it right

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Financial resources of NGOs have always been under pressure. Philanthropy has been an important source of funding–whether as a top up to publicly sourced funds or as a primary resource. However, where previously philanthropy might have provided funds for capital items or discrete projects, increasingly it has sought to impact broader public policy development and evaluation. NGOs also seek to impact policy development and evaluation in the interests of clients and constitutes. Importantly, both NGOs and philanthropic entities consider that this policy engagement supports their social licence to operate. That said, these actors have unique accountability obligations and funding relationships that complicate this view. This chapter examines the phenomenon of philanthropist and NGO policy evaluation in the context of the political pressures associated with human services delivery in the Australasian region and provides prescriptions for more effective and more politically resilient policy evaluation processes.
Belantamab mafodotin plus lenalidomide/dexamethasone in newly diagnosed intermediate-fit & frail multiple myeloma patients: Long-term efficacy and safety from the phase 1/2 BELARD clinical trial.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

7512 Background: We report the long-term safety & efficacy results of a novel, extended dosing schedule of belantamab mafodotin (belamaf) combined with Lenalidomide & Dexamethasone (Rd), in transplant-ineligible newly diagnosed Multiple Myeloma patients (pts). Methods: Phase 1/2 BelaRd trial (NCT04808037) Part 1 evaluated the safety/tolerability of belamaf 2.5/1.9/1.4 mg/kg plus Rd & established a recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of 1.9 mg/kg Q8W, extended to Q12W for Ocular Adverse Events (OAEs, Best Corrected Visual Acuity [BCVA] change from baseline & keratopathy). Dosing was led by ophthalmologist-assessed OAEs. In Part 2 RP2D is assessed in 2 groups: Dosing in Group A is guided as in Part 1 & in Group B by Vision-Related Anamnestic (a 9-question tool on pt-reported ocular symptoms & their impact on daily functioning) & ≥Gr3 OAEs. Safety/efficacy results from both Parts of the trial are presented. Results: Of Part 1 pts (n=36; median age: 72.5; male: 53%), 25 (69%) are ongoing & 11 (31%) discontinued (8 [22%] due to fatal events; 1 [3%] progressive disease; 2 [6%] withdrew consent). 17%/75% of pts had stage I/II disease per R-ISS & 8% high-risk cytogenetics (HRC). At a median follow-up (FU) of 36.2 months, Overall Response Rate (ORR) was 100%. Meaningful BCVA decline (Snellen <20/50 ) was recorded in 12% & Gr2/≥Gr3 keratopathy in 12%/3% of ocular exams. Median time to resolution was 1.9/1.1 months for ≥Gr2 BCVA/keratopathy OAEs, respectively. The most common (≥10%) Gr≥3 non-ocular AEs were fatigue, diarrhea, rash, COVID-19, pneumonia & insomnia. Of Part 2 pts (n=30; median age: 75; male: 67%), 22 (73%) are ongoing & 8 (27%) discontinued (6 [20%] due to fatal events; 1 [3%] progressive disease; 1 [3%] withdrew consent). 27%/63% of pts had stage I/II disease per R-ISS & 17% had HRC. At a median FU of 19.7 months, ORR was 96.7%. Meaningful BCVA decline was recorded in 27% & Gr2/≥Gr3 keratopathy in 9%/<1% of ocular exams. Median time to resolution of ≥Gr2 OAEs was 1.75 months. The most common Gr≥3 non-ocular AEs were fatigue & rash. The 12/24/36-months Time to Progression rates for all 66 pts were 98.2%/98.2%/94.4% (table 1). Conclusions: As has also been shown in the DREAMM-7/-8 studies,belamaf exhibits substantial clinical activity, with rapid, deep & durable responses in an unfit pt population, with only 2 PDs observed after a median of ~2 years FU. Only a few high-grade OAEs were recorded, that resolved quickly & no new safety signals were observed. Moving forward, the BelaRd combination, with the extended belamaf dosing schedule, warrants further investigation in larger pt numbers. Clinical trial information: NCT04808037 . Time to progression (TTP) rates in the overall population (66 pts). TTP rate in % (95% CI) 12 months 98.21 (87.99-99.75) 24 months 98.21 (87.99-99.75) 36 months 94.44 (77.81-98.70) CI: Confidence Interval.
Missing the Meaning? A Cognitive Neuropsychological Study of Processing of Words by an Aphasic Patient

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Book reviews pituitary stalk in CT diagnosis of empty sella.A section on interventional neuro- radiology is really too short and sketchy to be useful, and the brief account of spinal angiography contains an unhelpful clas- sification of angiomas which omits the com- mon dural AV fistula.Also, there are a few rather careless errors: for example, hypoplasia of the basisphenoid, with shortening of the clivus and small condyles, is described under the heading "Basisphenoid Hyperplasia"; and under the Davidoff Dyke syndrome there is a sentence
Aspirin, NSAIDS, Calcium-channel blockers and statins in the aetiology of pancreatic cancer: preliminary results from a case-control study in two centres in the UK

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction There are plausible mechanisms that carcinogenesis may be altered by: aspirin, NSAIDs, calcium-channel blockers and statins, through both inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase enzymes and the production of mediators of the cell cycle. The current epidemiological data in this area is either limited, reports conflicting results or does not consider important confounders. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a negative association between these medications and the development of pancreatic cancer in a case-control study in the UK. Methods Clinical management databases were used to identify patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer managed in Norfolk (years 2004–2006) and Leicestershire (2007). The use of these medications, prior to diagnosis, was recorded from a detailed review of the medical records. The control group were 251 dermatology patients of similar ages treated for basal cell carcinoma. ORs with 95% CI, for the development of pancreatic cancer for each medication, were estimated using unconditional logistic regression and adjusted for gender, age at diagnosis, cigarette smoking and type II diabetes. Results A total of 206 cases of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (median age=71 years, range 49–99 years, 52% women, a median survival of 3.5 months) and 251 controls were identified. Aspirin use was negatively associated with the development of pancreatic cancer (OR=0.49, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.84, p=0.01). There were no associations with either NSAIDs (OR=0.98, CI 0.50 to 1.91, p=0.95), statins (OR=0.64, CI 0.38 to 1.11, p=0.11) or calcium-channel blockers (OR=0.78, 95% CI 0.43 to 1.39, p=0.40). Conclusion The data support a protective role for aspirin, but not currently for the remaining medications in the aetiology of pancreatic cancer. The work is continuing to identify more cases and controls that may confirm our preliminary results for aspirin's negative association and also show an effect for statins. Before aspirin can be recommended as a chemo-preventive agent, further population-based studies are required to confirm the association and provide detailed information on the dose of aspirin needed and its duration of use.
The management of wildlife and amenity a UK post‐war perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article relates the circumstances in which, as part of the post‐war reconstruction effort, the newly‐conceded responsibilities of the state for protecting wildlife and the landscape were allocated respectively to a scientific body, the Nature Conservancy, and a planning body, the National Parks Commission. As well as pressing for effective powers to protect the countryside from damaging forms of development, more positive ways were sought for managing wildlife, landscape and the recreational resource. The evolving relationship with agriculture, the most important form of rural land‐use, is outlined. An account is given of how the three basic assumptions of the post‐war nature‐conservation movement came to be challenged, namely by the separation of the executive and research responsibilities for wildlife conservation in 1973, the break‐up of the UK approach in 1990, and misgivings as to how far the state should be directly responsible for acquiring and managing the expanding series of National Nature Reserves.
Estimation of Groundwater Depletion in Iran’s Catchments Using Well Data

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Iran is experiencing significant water challenges that have now turned water security into a national priority. By estimating secular trend groundwater storage in Iran between 2002 and 2017, we see that there is an intensive negative trend, even −4400 Mm3 in some areas. These estimations show shifting in the climate and extra extraction from aquifers for agricultural use in some areas in Iran. The secular trend of groundwater storage changes across the whole of Iran inferred from observation well data is −20.08 GT/yr. The secular trends of GWS changes based on observation well data are: −11.55 GT/yr for the Central Plateau basin, −3.60 GT/yr for the Caspian Sea basin, −3.0 GT/yr for the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea basin, −0.53 GT/yr for the Urmieh Lake basin, −0.57 GT/yr for the Eastern Boundary basin, and −0.83 GT/yr for the Gharaghom basin. The most depleted sub-basin (Kavir Markazi) has secular trends of GWS changes of −4.503 GT/yr. This study suggests that groundwater depletion is the largest single contributor to the observed negative trend of groundwater storage changes in Iran, the majority of which occurred after the drought in 2007. The groundwater loss that has been accrued during the study period is particularly alarming for Iran, which is already facing severe water scarcity.