jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
:Dynasty and Diplomacy in the Court of Savoy: Political Culture and the Thirty Years' War

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The following text is taken from the publisher's website.
This book is the first major study in English of the duchy of Savoy during the period of the Thirty Year' War. Rather than examining Savoy purely in terms of its military or geo-strategic role, Dynasty and Diplomacy in the Court of Savoy comprises three interwoven strands: the dynastic ambitions of the ruling House of Savoy, the family interests of an elite clan in ducal service, and the unique role played by one member of that clan, Abate Alessandro Scaglia (1592 1641), who emerged as one of Europe's most widely-known diplomats. Scaglia, the focus of the book, affords insights not only into Savoyard court politics and diplomacy, but more generally into a diplomatic culture of seventeenth-century Europe. With his image fixed by a remarkable series of Van Dyck portraits, Scaglia is emblematic of an international network of princes, diplomats, courtiers, and artists, at the point of contact between dynasticism, high politics and the arts.
Heat capacity of nickel and cobalt tellurides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Differential scanning calorimetry has been used to measure the heat capacities between 200 and 800 K of "Ni3Te2", five compositions of the δ Ni–Te phase, four compositions of the β Co–Te phase and two compositions of the γ CoTe2+x phase.Thermodynamic properties are given for the various phases.
Combined treatment with erythropoietin and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor enhances neovascularization and improves cardiac function after myocardial infarction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Erythropoietin (EPO) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) are both potential novel therapeutics for use after myocardial infarction (MI). However, their underlying mechanisms remain unclear and the efficacy of monotherapy with EPO or G-CSF is also controversial. Therefore, we investigated the effects of combined treatment with EPO and G-CSF on neovascularization and cardiac function in post-infarction rats and explored the potential mechanisms. Methods Four groups of rats were used: control (saline injection after MI, i.h.), EPO (a single dose of 5 000 IU/kg after MI, i.h.), G-CSF (a dose of 50 μg· kg -1 · d -1 for 5 days after MI, i.h.), and both EPO and G-CSF (EPO+G-CSF, using the same regiment as above). Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography before and 1 day, 7 days, 14 days and 21 days after MI. CD34 + /Flk-1 + cells in the peripheral blood were evaluated by flow cytometry before and 3 days, 5 days and 7 days after MI. The infarct area and angiogenesis in the peri-infarct area were analyzed. The mRNA and protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stromal-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) in the peri-infarct area were detected by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting. Results Compared with the control and monotherapy groups, the EPO+G-CSF group had significantly increased CD34+/Flk-1+ endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the peripheral blood ( P <0.05), up-regulated VEGF and SDF-1α levels in the peri-infarct region ( P <0.05), enhanced capillary density ( P <0.05), reduced infarct size ( P <0.05) and improved cardiac structure and function ( P <0.05). G-CSF alone did not dramatically increase EPCs in the peripheral blood, enhance capillary density in the peri-infarct area or reduce infarct size compared with the control group. Conclusions Combined treatment with EPO and G-CSF increased EPCs mobilization, up-regulated VEGF and SDF-1α levels in the post-infarction microenvironment, subsequently enhanced neovascularization in the peri-infarct region and reduced infarct size. All factors contributed to its beneficial effects on cardiac function in post-infarction rats.
‘Involve those who are managing these outbreaks’: stakeholders’ perspectives on the barriers and facilitators to the implementation of clinical management guidelines for high-consequence infectious diseases in Uganda—a thematic network analysis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction Prior research highlighting the complexity of clinical management guidelines’ (CMGs) implementation during high consequence infectious disease (HCID) outbreaks has suggested that limited access to treatments and equipment and substantial issues regarding availability, inclusivity, quality and applicability hinders the implementation of CMGs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This in-depth case study of Uganda—coincidentally occurring during the 2022 Sudan virus disease outbreak—aimed to explore contextual and supplementary factors which hinder or facilitate CMG development and implementation. Methods Between August and December 2022, 43 interviews were conducted with medical personnel, consultant physicians, case managers and Uganda Ministry of Health officials. Interviews were analysed using a thematic network analysis approach to visualise thematic codes in qualitative data and highlight inherent relationships between codes. Results Six thematic topics emerged as the main barriers to the implementation of CMGs during HCID outbreaks in Uganda: (1) deficient content and slow updates of CMGs; (2) scarce resources and healthcare disparities; (3) slow dissemination and limited access to guidelines; (4) improvisation of patient care (5) lack of training for healthcare workers (HCWs); and (6) limited pandemic preparedness and response infrastructure. Codes most strongly linked to facilitators and suggestions included: (1) HCW training in CMG implementation; (2) adequate resourcing; (3) involvement of personnel with prior HCID response experience in CMG development and (4) improvements in access to CMGs. Conclusions By illustrating linkages to resource constraints, healthcare disparities, and limited surveillance and referral infrastructure, our study displays how insufficient training, patchy dissemination and slow updating exacerbate many of the underlying difficulties for CMG implementation in LMIC contexts. Findings offer valuable insights for LMICs to improve HCID outbreak responses and inform implementation of CMGs in future HCID outbreaks, where evidence is often initially limited. Recommendations to enhance CMG implementation are provided.
State of neonatal adaptation in newborns from mothers with a large intergenetic interval

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

При проведенні клініко-статистичного аналізу історій розвитку 117 новонароджених від матерів з великим інтергенетичним інтервалом, від вікових першовагітних та від матерів з інтервалом 3-5 років, вивчено особливості їх ранньої неонатальної адаптації. Встановлено, що вагітність та пологи у жінок з великим інтергенетичним інтервалом у вікових першовагітних часто проходить з різними ускладненнями: загроза переривання вагітності, слабкість пологової діяльності, високий відсоток оперативного втручання в пологах: 112 (21 %) основна група; 17 (47 %) І підгрупа контролю. Показано, що вказані фактори негативно впливають на стан новонароджених при пологах та протягом раннього адаптаційного періоду: у 14,0 % відмічалися розлади з боку дихальної, серцево-судинної та нервової систем, зміни в імунологічній реактивності у дітей. Отримані дані вказують на необхідність подальшої розробки та удосконалення комплексу лікувально-профілактичних заходів у новонароджених від матерів з великим інтергенетичним інтервалом та вікових першовагітних для подальшого прогнозування та профілактики можливих порушень в періоді ранньої неонатальної адаптації.
Uganda’s ruling coalition and the 2021 elections: change, continuity and contestation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Since coming to power, President Museveni has consistently stitched together disparate actors and representatives of divergent constituencies in his ruling coalition. This became especially necessary as his rule grew less popular and more precarious. This article argues that the nature of the ruling coalition reflects the structure of politics and menu of priorities for the incumbent. The political landscape shapes composition of the ruling coalition, which mirrors realignment of social forces, interest groups and balance of power. This article casts a critical spotlight on two phases – 1986–2005 and 2006 to the present – placing coalition dynamics and the 2021 elections in the broader context of the shift in Uganda’s overall political landscape. Drawing on qualitative data sources including elite interviews and newspaper reports, and with specific focus on cabinet appointments, the article shows that electoral calculations and regime survival considerations are the biggest drivers of Museveni’s ruling coalition changes and composition.
Serum Enzyme Values in Infectious Mononucleosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor:—

The dissociation of serum bilirubin concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity described by Shuster and Ognibene (209:267, 1969) has also been noted in this laboratory. Additional information has been obtained with serum transaminase values and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels with isoenzymes. In acute infectious mononucleosis without icterus, the LDH level is consistently elevated (700 to 1400 units) and the alkaline phosphatase activity may rise to 10 Bodansky units. Despite significant hyperbilirubinemia in infectious mononucleosis, the transaminase values are both consistently below 200 units, the alkaline phosphatase activity below 20 units, and the lethal dose (LD5) liver fraction is less than 20%. In infectious hepatitis, the LD5is more than 50% in almost all cases and the transaminase values numerically approximate the LDH values.
Long-Term Influence of Calcitriol (1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D) and Supplemental Phosphate in X-Linked Hypophosphatemic Rickets

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ten patients with hypophosphatemic rickets (eight with X-linked familial form) were treated with vitamin D2 (10,000 to 75,000 units per day) and oral phosphate (1.5 to 3.6 gm) for a total of 438 treatment months. Therapy was then changed to calcitriol (17 to 34 ng/kg/day) and the same phosphate dose. Patients served as their own controls, and significant biochemical changes noted were an increase in immunoreactive parathyroid hormone from 29 ± 9 (SD) µlEq/ml (pre-phosphate) to 62 ± 34 on vitamin D2 plus PO4, then decreasing to 40 ± 20 on a regimen of 1,25-dthydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) plus PO4; serum PO4 rose from 2.44 ± 0.45 (SD) mg/100 ml to 3.06 ± 0.79 and then to 3.43 ± 0.76; alkaline phosphatase activity decreased from 677 ± 298 (SD) UI/liter to 457 ± 183 to 290 ± 176. Serum calcium and creatinine levels were unchanged. Both urinary calcium excretion and caicium-creatinine ratio decreased after therapy with 1,25(OH)2D. Urinary phosphate excretion was higher after calcitriol administration. Serum 1,25(OH)2D levels were low in these vitamin D2-treated patients, and an inverse relationship between serum 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D was found. Improved bone mineralization was evident from serial assessment by photon absorptiometry, and radial bone mineral content rose from 75.3% ± 2.2% of expected to 82.2% ± 1.4% (P &lt; .005). Stature was improved when assessed by standard deviation for chronologic age but did not reach statistical significance. Long-term 1,25(OH)2D plus phosphate therapy appears to be more efficacious than vitamin D2 in this form of rickets, particularly in improving phosphate homeostasis.
Improvements on the electrical and luminescent properties of reactive molecular beam epitaxially grown GaN films by using AlN-coated sapphire substrates

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The electrical and luminescent properties of the GaN epitaxial films grown on AlN-coated sapphire by reactive molecular beam epitaxy have been studied. The GaN films on AlN epitaxial films have larger Hall mobilities and show more intense cathodoluminescence peaks at a wavelength of 360 nm than those of the GaN films grown directly on sapphire, which suggests that the crystal qualities of GaN films are improved by use of AlN-coated sapphire as substrates. The lattice matching and small difference of the thermal expansion coefficients between GaN and AlN are considered to result in the improvements.
Secure Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks: Survey

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Security is critical in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) as they are utilized in various industries, including military, environmental monitoring, surveillance, and health care. Furthermore, it is considered a challenge for WSNs due to their limited resources, and deployments of the sensors in unattended and hostile filed have led to a growing demand for secure energy-effective protocols. Therefore, it needs to balance between security and energy consumption to keep the network's lifetime as long as possible with an acceptable level of security. Besides, the way of deploying the sensors in an unattended manner or hostile environment has led to the need for secure routing protocols to protect the transmission of data from the sensors to the base station. In this paper, we have outlined the network layer routing attacks on WSNs. This survey also discusses secure routing techniques for WSN and we have provided a comparison between existing secure routing protocols in terms of energy usage and the basic metric of security objective. Additionally, the latest strategies that are used by researchers in this field and the methods used to balance security and energy consumption were presented. Finally, the conclusion shows that most of the recent secure routing algorithms are not very effective due to various reasons like a huge amount of energy consumption, and large transmission overhead.
Back Compressive and Shear Forces during Cart Pushing and Pulling

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Several epidemiological studies suggest that 9–18% of low back injuries are associated with pushing and pulling. Handle height and the direction of the exerted forces (pushing or pulling) are expected to be important determinants of the health risk. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of handle height during pushing and pulling on the peak net moments, peak compressive forces and peak shear forces at the L5-S1 level. Handle height was shown to effect low back loading during pushing and pulling.
Indoor Hibernation of <em>Helix aspersa</em> Juveniles

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The ‚ÄúItalian‚Äù outdoor snailfarming technology assumes that both mature and juvenile snails hibernate outdoor, protected by a thin sheet of unweaved coverlet (agryl sheet). In contrast, the ‚ÄúFrench‚Äù snailfarming technology implies that only mature brown garden snails (Helix aspersa) hibernate indoor, in strictly controlled microenvironmental parameters (temperature, humidity, and ventilation). This technology may also be viable for H. aspersa juveniles. Extremely high death rates occurring in Romanian outdoor snailfarms during colder winters (>80%) imposed the need to find alternative paths for a proper hibernation of H. aspersa. Using statistical analyses, close surveillance of technological flow, and controlled microenvironmental parameters, we assessed the possibility to adapt indoor hibernation for H. aspersa juveniles. The experiments lasted for 2¬†years (2006‚Äì2008) and were carried out on 34,000 H. aspersa juveniles and 15,000 mature ones, using different technological flows and microenvironmental parameters (temperature, humidity, and ventilation). They were performed in two stages and involved five case studies, conducted independently in three different locations: Flore≈üti (Mehedin≈£i county), S√¢ntuhalm (Hunedoara county), and Muntenii de Sus (Vaslui county). The first stage tested the hypothesis in relation to survival rate of mature snails, H. aspersa, in the same conditions, whereas the second stage improved the technological flow, before its extensive application. We demonstrated that noncontrolled microclimate parameters (temperature, humidity, and ventilation) and the use of straw as hibernation support induced significant differences (P¬†<¬†0.01) concerning death levels of H. aspersa juveniles as compared to their indoor hibernation in semicontrolled microclimate (temperature and ventilation). In the same hibernation microclimate, mature snails exhibited higher survival levels than the juvenile ones, irrespective of technological flow and origin (P¬†<¬†0.0001). We also demonstrated that juveniles‚Äô weight loss displays a relatively constant variation (16.33‚Äì20.51%). In addition, the correlations between the individual average weight before and after hibernation were described by the same logarithmic regression. Furthermore, significantly higher survival rates of H. aspersa juveniles (P¬†<¬†0.0001) have been registered when they had not been awakened during hibernation. Finally, we proved that indoor hibernation of H. aspersa juveniles in strictly controlled microenvironmental parameters (temperature, humidity, and ventilation) could represent a viable technology that improves the technological flow in outdoor snailfarming during wintertime in colder climates.
Volume phase transition mechanism of poly[oligo(ethylene glycol)methacrylate] based thermo-responsive microgels with poly(ionic liquid) cross-linkers

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Thermodynamic volume phase transition mechanisms of poly[oligo(ethylene glycol)methacrylate] (POEGMA) microgels with poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) cross-linking moieties were investigated in detail on the basis of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.
Charge-Generated Changes in Graphite Structures

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

It will be shown that a negatively charged carbon atom in a graphite sheet has an electron structure that is unusual in carbons, viz. the lone pair of electrons. This atom, similarly to the positively charged ones, is no longer able to participate in the (pi) bond network: both pop out from the sheet because of their elongated single bonds and tetrahedral structure. The lone-pair structure localizes the extra electron. Forbidden gaps open above and below the Fermi level as a consequence of the destroyed (pi) bonds. This model offers an explanation for many anomalous experimental data.
Editing Virginia Woolf and the Arts: Woolf and the Royal Academy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this book chapter originally presented as a paper at the 18th Annual International Conference on Virginia Woolf, June 19-22 2008 held by the University of Denver, Professor Humm discusses Virginia Woolf’s review of the Royal Academy 1919 summer exhibition “The Royal Academy,” in which she obscures the contribution of women artists as well as the significant date of the exhibition which was the first since the end of the war. Woolf’s review together with the 1919 exhibition itself, raises gender and political issues and presents a crucial case study of ambiguities in Woolf’s writings as well as in contemporary critical difficulties with “modernism” itself.
Research on the Attenuation Characteristics of UHF Electromagnetic Waves inside UHV GIS Switchgear

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

By monitoring the ultra-high frequency electromagnetic wave signals inside the UHV gas insulated switchgear, it is possible to promptly detect partial discharge defects generated within the equipment. However, the ultra-high frequency electromagnetic wave signals will experience varying degrees of attenuation when propagated inside the GIS. If the online monitoring sensor arrangement is not reasonable, it may not be sufficient to detect the attenuated ultra-high frequency electromagnetic wave signals. Especially for switchgear with numerous internal components, such as circuit breakers and isolation switch chambers, the attenuation process of ultra-high frequency electromagnetic waves is more complex and cannot be calculated through simple empirical formulas. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on the attenuation characteristics of ultra-high frequency electromagnetic waves inside UHV switchgear. This article established a three-dimensional proportional electromagnetic field simulation model based on the actual structural dimensions of UHV switchgear, and calculated and analyzed the attenuation characteristics of ultra-high frequency electromagnetic wave signals within the frequency range of $300\mathrm{MHz}1500\mathrm{MHz}$. The conclusions drawn could provide theoretical support for the selection of monitoring sensors for ultrahigh voltage GIS online.
One Stroke Complementarity for Poisson-Like Problems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Taking electrokinetics as a paradigm problem for the sake of simplicity, complementarity originates when an irrotational electric field and a solenoidal current density satisfying boundary conditions are in hand. We first compare three formulations to obtain a solenoidal current density, both in terms of pure computational advantage and in the ability to pursue symmetric energy bounds with respect to the standard electric scalar potential formulation. For these formulations, we devise post-processing techniques that promise to provide bilateral bounds in one stroke, hence requiring the solution of just one linear system.
Advances in bioreactor control for production of biotherapeutic products

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Advanced control strategies are well established in chemical, pharmaceutical, and food processing industries. Over the past decade, the application of these strategies is being explored for control of bioreactors for manufacturing of biotherapeutics. Most of the industrial bioreactor control strategies apply classical control techniques, with the control system designed for the facility at hand. However, with the recent progress in sensors, machinery, and industrial internet of things, and advancements in deeper understanding of the biological processes, coupled with the requirement of flexible production, the need to develop a robust and advanced process control system that can ease process intensification has emerged. This has further fuelled the development of advanced monitoring approaches, modeling techniques, process analytical technologies, and soft sensors. It is seen that proper application of these concepts can significantly improve bioreactor process performance, productivity, and reproducibility. This review is on the recent advancements in bioreactor control and its related aspects along with the associated challenges. This study also offers an insight into the future prospects for development of control strategies that can be designed for industrial‐scale production of biotherapeutic products.
Optimal Trade Policy in Global Production Networks

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

How should countries approach trade policy when immersed in global production networks? How large are the gains from trade policy in such cases? To answer these questions, we characterize optimal trade policy in an important class of quantitative trade models with global production networks. Our theory indicates that, absent diseconomies of scale, the optimal trade policy consists of (i) uniform or zero import taxes and (ii) non-zero export taxes that are decreasing in the industry-level trade elasticity and level of upstreamness. But if export taxes are restricted, it is optimal to raise import taxes as a second-best policy to manipulate export market power through the global production network. Mapping our analytic tax formulas to data, we find that global production networks double the non-cooperative gains from optimal trade policy; but only 47% of these gains can be replicated with import taxes alone.