jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The fluid flow modeling procedure including a critically stressed fracture analysis of coalbed methane reservoir: a case study of Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The geomechanical modeling turned out to be an essential component of the hydrocarbon exploration assisting reduction of risk of drilling issues and optimization of hydraulic fracturing treatment. This study provides a workflow of critically stressed fracture (CSF) analysis dedicated for coal layers. The main focus of the paper is applying the 1D mechanical models and following modelling of hydraulic fracturing treatment to describe the fracture behavior under the impact of the stresses at the wellbore scale. Another objective of the presented study is demonstration of benefits of 1D and 3D CSF analysis to understand fracture contribution to gained volume of hydrocarbon after fracturing of coal seam. Interpretation of fracture orientation and their behavior is vital to effective development of coal bed methane (CBM) resources as the CSF can be responsible for considerable part of CBM production. Natural fractures and faults contribute to fluid flow through rock. It is often noted that natural fractures may not be critically stressed at ambient stress state. However, during stimulation, the optimally oriented natural fracture sets have the inclination to become critically stressed. Hence, understanding of the recent stress state and fracture orientations is significant for well planning and fracturing design. The outcome of this study are comprehensive 1D mechanical Earth models (MEMs) for analyzed wells and explanation of behavior of identified CSF under variable stress state as well as understanding of the connectivity of natural fractures within zone subjected to fracturing treatment.
Internet Video Access Appears Difficult for Oregon Extension Master Gardeners

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Video clips are a type of interactive multimedia that are often incorporated in Internet based training, and recent studies have reported examples of how cooperative extension is beginning to use Internet technology, including video clips, as part of delivering educational programs online. A survey was designed to determine if Oregon State University Extension Master Gardener volunteers trained in 2001 were able to access a video clip online. Eighty percent of the recent trainees had access to or owned a computer and 93% of this group had access to the Internet. Yet, when asked to access the video clip online only 37% of the respondents were successful. This disparity suggests the need for a seamless interface between the multimedia component and the software required to access it. If the end user is unable to access the multimedia component, it is difficult to justify the additional resources required to develop these teaching tools.
The endothelial cell adhesion mediated by integrins, the recruitment and activation of c-Src, EGFR, ErbB2 and involvement of endocan, influence crucial stages of endothelial-mesenchymal transition

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

"Endothelial mesenchymal transition (EndoMT), a newly recognized type of cellular transdifferentiation, is an essential process that occurs during embryonic development and participates in a number of adult pathologies. Also, the adhesion of cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM) is known as a critical requisite to generate various cellular changes related to EndoMT. We will review recent findings describing novel signaling mechanisms implicated in the progression of EndoMT that involves changes in distribution and organization of tyrosine kinases receptors (RTKs) that include EGFR and ErbB2/ Neu and non-RTKs such as c-Src as well as ECM arterial wall proteoglycans such as endocan, which is associated to soluble growth factors (EGF, TGF-α) or inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β). The potential role of endocan is also discussed. Exploration of the signaling mechanisms of EndoMT may provide novel therapeutic strategies for treating pathologies."
Promoting Patriotism through Textbooks: A Study into Contents of Pakistani ELT Material

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research paper is about the deconstruction of rooted themes about patriotism in the secondary level English language teaching (Henceforth ELT) syllabus of Pakistan. For accomplishing the objectives, the research was demarcated into two distinctive parts: in part one, patriotism related textbook contents were identified and analyzed by using Faircloug's (1995) three-dimensional framework amplified by Van dijk's (2006) socio-cognitive approach. Part 2 of the study was devoted to attaining readership's conceptions related to patriotism through questionnaire-based surveys all over the country. The findings discovered significant inclusion of patriotism related themes in all four sets of ELT textbooks. The findings of part 2 revealed that patriotism related conceptions were adequately present in readership's minds. The study has suggested a patriotism-based test of all textbooks at national level prior to publication to ensure improved patriotism related contents in syllabus
Using Spatial Structure Analysis of Hyperspectral Imaging Data and Fourier Transformed Infrared Analysis to Determine Bioactivity of Surface Pesticide Treatment

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Many food products are subjected to quality control analyses for detection of surface residue/contaminants, and there is a trend of requiring more and more documentation and reporting by farmers regarding their use of pesticides. Recent outbreaks of food borne illnesses have been a major contributor to this trend. With a growing need for food safety measures and “smart applications” of insecticides, it is important to develop methods for rapid and accurate assessments of surface residues on food and feed items. As a model system, we investigated detection of a miticide applied to maize leaves and its miticidal bioactivity over time, and we compared two types of reflectance data: fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) data and hyperspectral imaging (HI) data. The miticide (bifenazate) was applied at a commercial field rate to maize leaves in the field, with or without application of a surfactant, and with or without application of a simulated “rain event”. In addition, we collected FTIR and HI from untreated control leaves (total of five treatments). Maize leaf data were collected at seven time intervals from 0 to 48 hours after application. FTIR data were analyzed using conventional analysis of variance of miticide-specific vibration peaks. Two unique FTIR vibration peaks were associated with miticide application (1,700 cm−1 and 763 cm−1). The integrated intensities of these two peaks, miticide application, surfactant, rain event, time between miticide application, and rain event were used as explanatory variables in a linear multi-regression fit to spider mite mortality. The same linear multi-regression approach was applied to variogram parameters derived from HI data in five selected spectral bands (664, 683, 706, 740, and 747 nm). For each spectral band, we conducted a spatial structure analysis, and the three standard variogram parameters (“sill”, “range”, and “nugget”) were examined as possible “indicators” of miticide bioactivity. We demonstrated that both FTIR peaks and standard variogram parameters could be used to accurately predict spider mite mortality, but linear multi-regression fits based on standard variogram parameters had the highest accuracy and were successfully validated with independent data. Based on experimental manipulation of HI data, the use of spatial structure analysis in classification of HI data was discussed.
Paradoxes of Puerto Rican Segregation in New York

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Contrary to conventional models of ethnic 'assimilätion', which predict a consistent decline in residential segregation as an ethnic group improves its socio-economic position with the progress of time, ethnic segregation tended to increase slightly overall in the 1960s in New York. Blacks and Puerto Ricans are among the most highly segregated groups in New York, yet while they are becoming generally more segregated from other ethnic groups, they are becoming simultaneously less dissimilar from each other, outside the suburbs at least. Research on racial neighbourhood transition has argued persuasively that, at least in the early stages of 'succession', black families entering previously all-white neighbourhoods tend to have similar or superior socio-economic profiles to the white families they replace.
Moving across and beyond language(s): insights into the translanguaging practices in a multilingual classroom

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Migration flows of the 21st century lead to increasingly multilingual societies and entail rapidly evolving language practices. In sociolinguistics and education, there has been a growing interest in exploring these language practices. While most translanguaging studies carried out at school attend to the flexible use of two or more named languages, they only marginally acknowledge the pupils’ semiotic repertoires. Meaning making, however, occurs across and beyond languages. In this presentation, I will provide insight into the meaning-making processes of a newly arrived pupil in Luxembourg. As the instruction of French, German and Luxembourgish accounts for more than 40% of all curricular time, it can be difficult for newcomers to access the curriculum if they have to learn two or even three languages. This raises the question if and to what extent pupils draw on their resources to engage with the curriculum. My doctoral research tackles the following question: In what ways, to what extent and for what purposes do four multilingual fourth graders of different backgrounds deploy and develop their semiotic repertoires in interaction with their peers and teachers? To address that question, I visited two primary schools in Luxembourg where I observed, took field notes and video-recorded the pupils’ interactions as well as their use of multilingual and multimodal resources. A selection of recordings was discussed with the focal pupils in stimulated recall interviews. Observations, video-recordings and interviews were transcribed and analyzed with thematic analysis (Braun and Clarke 2013), multimodal interaction analysis (Norris 2004) and sociocultural discourse analysis (Mercer 2004) respectively. This presentation is based on the classroom interactions in one of the investigated schools and foregrounds one of the main findings: the pupils aligned their translanguaging practices to those of their peers. They adapted their language use to the interlocutor, orchestrated their semiotic resources in the same way as their peers and reproduced the teacher’s translanguaging practice. The study highlights the interconnectedness of classroom and individual practices and draws attention to the importance of resources other than linguistic ones in meaning-making processes at school.
Virtue and Criminal Negligence

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article addresses the contention of some prominent criminal law scholars – notably Jerome Hall and Glanville Williams – that negligence is an improper basis for the imposition of criminal punishment. An Aristotelian, virtue-ethics theory of punishment treats the inculcation of sound practical judgment as a function of punishment. The assessment of reasonable conduct implicit in negligence as a criterion of criminal fault fits comfortably within such a theory.
Synthesis of the Pyrrole-ImidazoleAlkaloids

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This review article gives a detailed account on the chemistryof the pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids from marine sponges. The pyrrole-imidazolealkaloids share a key building block, oroidin being the underlyingstructural motif of a diverse range of exclusively marine alkaloids.After outlining the reactivity of 2-amino-4(5)-vinylimidazoles,biomimetic and non-biomimetic total syntheses of the non-cyclized,cyclized, and 'dimerized' pyrrole-imidazole alkaloidsdeveloped over the past 30 years are discussed in a comprehensivemanner. Beyond the identified pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids the theoreticalcyclization map based on oroidin contains many white spots and therebyopportunities to assemble novel pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids notobserved in nature before.
An occlusal and cephalometric analysis of maxillary first and second premolar extraction effects.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to examine dimensional changes in the maxillary arch following the extractions of maxillary first or second premolars. Pre- and posttreatment records of 71 patients treated by one experienced orthodontist were randomly selected from completed premolar extraction cases. Forty-five patients involved the extraction of maxillary first premolars; of these, 15 also had extractions of mandibular first premolars and 30 had extractions of mandibular second premolars. Twenty-six patients involved the extraction of maxillary second premolars, and all of these also had extractions of mandibular second premolars. Pretreatment factors that seemed to suggest a basis for the extraction choice in this sample included incisal overjet, molar relationship, and maxillary incisor protrusion. Mean reductions with treatment in the anteroposterior arch dimension were similar within all premolar extraction groups. There was evidence of greater mean maxillary intermolar-width reduction following the extractions of maxillary second premolars than following extractions of maxillary first premolars. Greater mean maxillary incisor retraction was found in the maxillary first premolar extraction group than in the maxillary second premolar group. A wide range of individual variation in incisor and molar changes did, however, accompany treatment involving both maxillary premolar extraction sequences.
Concentric Hypertrophy of the Left Ventricle in Resistance-Trained Athletes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sudden cardiac death from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has been observed in elite athletes. Endurance training is associated with a physiological increase in LV mass (LVM) proportional to a greater fat free mass (FFM). However, the equivocal increase in LVM with resistance training is associated with a concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle, which is a disproportionate increase in LV wall thickness relative to chamber size. PURPOSE: To determine if there is an increase in LVM proportional to an increased FFM and to determine the type of hypertrophy of the left ventricle in resistance-trained athletes. METHODS: Left ventricular mass was determined by MRI and body composition determined by DEXA in 11 national and international level Olympic weight lifters and 11 healthy controls. LVM, LV volumes and LV function were measured by acquiring 6 short-axis and 3 long-axis MRI scans of the left ventricle. LV wall thickness was denned as the average of 6 mid-ventricular segment thickness measurements. The first derivative of the LV time-volume curve was calculated to obtain ejection and filling rates. RESULTS: Resistance-trained athletes were of similar age and height but had higher systolic blood pressure, weight, body mass index and FFM than controls. LVM was 14% greater (181.3 ± 30.9 vs. 159.6 ± 26.2 g, p = 0.09) in athletes than controls, but this difference disappeared when LVM was indexed to FFM. LV wall thickness at end-diastole tended to be greater in athletes than controls (9.6 ± 1.2 vs. 8.8 ± 0.8 mm, p = 0.09). Mean ejection rate was similar for both groups, while mean filling rate was greater in athletes than controls. LV end-diastolic volume (EDV) was not different between groups, but tended to be lower in athletes than controls when indexed to FFM (2.6 ± 0.2 vs. 2.9 ± 0.4 mm/kg, p = 0.06). Despite no significant difference in stroke volume and heart rate between groups, cardiac output was greater in athletes than controls. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary data may indicate that LVM is greater in resistance-trained athletes but, like endurance-trained athletes, this difference does not exist when LVM is indexed to FFM. However, the observed tendencies for increased LV wall thickness and reduced EDV suggest a LV concentric hypertrophy in resistance-trained athletes.
Amniotic Band Syndromewith Unique Clinical Presentations: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Amniotic band syndromeis a rare congenital disorder which associated with physical abnormalities suchas disruption, deformation, and malformations of organs. The most common abnormalities usually involvethe limbs that could range from simple constriction rings to complete amputation.In this case report, wereport anamniotic band syndrome with unique clinical presentations. The case was a new born male babywho was normally delivered and presented with a ring-like constriction at over middle right lower limband fusion (syndactyly) of left lower limb and right arm. In this report we also discuss different diagnosticmodalities which could be used in diagnosingamniotic band syndrome, the risk factors, type of amnioticband syndrome, post-natal diagnose, as well as the therapy.
Detection of Plasmid-Mediated Colistin Resistance Genes in Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli from Some Hospitals in Khartoum

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract: Background: Currently, a final-resort therapy for MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli is the antibiotic colistin (polymyxin E). Plasmid-mediated colistinresistance genes (mcr-9, mcr-8, mcr-5, mcr-3, mcr-2 and mcr-1) is one of the mechanisms by which these bacteria resist colistin. The aim of the study is to evaluate the presence of these genes in isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli that are phenotypically colistin-resistant in a number of hospitals in Khartoum State. Materials and Methods: One hundred eighty-five bacterial strains (gram-negative rods) were identified from clinical specimens of male and female hospitalized patients. Various patients’ urine, wounds, tissues, and blood samples were obtained. Isolates were identified using conventional methods of identification. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for colistin was conducted using the disc diffusion method. Colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae and E. coli isolates were isolated and conventional PCR was employed to identify plasmid-mediated mcr-9, mcr-8, mcr-5, mcr-3, mcr-2 and mcr-1genes. The Chi-square test was administered, and p-values of 0.05 were deemed statistically significant. Results: The disc diffusion method revealed that around 35 (18%) of 185 isolates were resistant to colistin. 21 (60%) of the 35 colistin-resistant isolates were E. coli, and 14 (40%) were K. pneumoniae. All 35 colistin-resistant isolates and 13 colistin-susceptible isolates were examined for colistin-resistant genes. In 21 of 48 tested isolates, colistin-resistant genes were found. 14 (66%) of 21 isolates were resistant according to both the disc diffusion and PCR tests. There were determined to be mcr-3, mcr-2, and mcr-1 gene. mcr-1 accounted for 18 (85%), 5% mcr-1 combined with mcr-2 , 5% mcr-2 , and 5% mcr-2 in combination with mcr-3. Conclusion: The frequency of colistin-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae in Sudanese hospitals was found to be worrisome, thereby reducing the range of available treatment alternatives. The emergence of the colistin-resistant genes mcr-2 and mcr-1 in some Sudanese hospitals is caused by plasmids, and this is a problem for hospitals because horizontal transfer of this plasmid could cause the resistance to spread to many isolates there. Keywords: Colistin, Antibiotics, Drug-resistant, Resistance, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Sudan.
INNOVATIVE SERVICE PRICE PLAN PREDICTION OF MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION OPERATORS IN THAILAND

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Telecommunication service is one of the fastest growing businesses in Thailand, especially in mobile communication. However, subscriber churn is a fundamental driver of performance for mobile network operators. This thesis aims to develop subscriber usage behavior model by utilizing the theory of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in order to improve subscriber retention and performance. Firstly, the subscriber usage behavior model was developed from the literature review of the TAM model along with expert interviews was used to examine the behavior of the selected postpaid subscribers. Secondly, Structure Equation model (SEM) was employed to analyze and test the hypotheses of subscriber usage behavior model. It presents that perceived usefulness, attitude and intention to use are the key predictive factors for subscriber’s behavior when choosing their mobile phone service. Furthermore, we found three additional elements to the original TAM model which are Trust, Variety of service, and Facilitating conditions. Also, the study found that ease of use is not a discriminant to the adoption of mobile service in Thailand.Next, factor analysis and multiple regression were employed to analyze a service price plan prediction model. The multiple regression analysis describes predictive voice usage: Predicted (Voice usage) = 365.266 + .689 (AVGVoiceusage) - 27.597 (Attitude) - 23.970 (Intention). Finally, the innovative price plan monitoring and advisory system was developed in order to monitor service usage by applying control chart to identify usage pattern and unusual usage behavior of subscribers, and then bringing next best offering to each subscriber. Regarding pilot testing, 136 reachable subscribers, forty percent of reachable subscribers were sign up. This rate is 100 percent increased from the current retention process. Such tool enables timely and proactive action for subscribers to avoid unexpected expenses. As a result, mobile network operators can increase the service usage, improve customer satisfaction and ultimately reduce a subscriber churn.
Assessing Microbial Communities for a Metabolic Profile Similar to Activated Sludge

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

To search for reliable testing inocula alternatives to activated sludge cultures, several model microbial consortia were compared with activated sludge populations for their functional diversity. The evaluation of the metabolic potential of these mixed inocula was performed using the Biolog EcoPlates and GN and GP MicroPlates (Biolog, Inc., Hayward, California). The community‐level physiological profiles (CLPPs) obtained for model communities and activated sludge samples were analyzed by principal component analysis and hierarchic clustering methods, to evaluate the ability of Biolog plates to distinguish among the different microbial communities. The effect of different inocula preparation methodologies on the community structure was also studied. The CLPPs obtained with EcoPlates and GN MicroPlates showed that EcoPlates are suitable to screen communities with a metabolic profile similar to activated sludge. New, well‐defined, standardized, and safe inocula presenting the same metabolic community profile as activated sludge were selected and can be tested as surrogate cultures in activated‐sludge‐based bioassays.
Glycogen synthase can use glucose as an acceptor.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Glycogen synthase purified to homogeneity from rabbit skeletal muscle is essentially free of carbohydrate and shows no activity in the absence of added acceptor. It can use glucose as a substrate converting it to a glucose disaccharide in the presence of UDP-glucose as cosubstrate. The reaction is dependent on time, and on UDP-glucose, glucose, and enzyme concentrations. The product of the single step reaction co-chromatographs in two solvent systems with maltose. The glucose disaccharide produced in the reaction with UDP-[14-C]glucose and nonradioactive glucose as well as with nonradioactive UDP-glucoes and [14-C]glucose is labeled asymmetrically. The linkage is characterized as alpha-1,4 and therefore the disaccharide is identified as maltose.