jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
On the Legislative Perfection of the Crime of Smuggling,Trafficking in,Transporting or Manufacturing Narcotic Drugs

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The crime of smuggling,trafficking in,transporting or manufacturing narcotic drugs is the most common drug-related crime in judicial practice.However,in terms of legislation,this crime is not perfect.This crime is defective in aspects such as the accusation,the legislative pattern and the penalty.Therefore,it is necessary to improve this crime and establish a relatively reasonable crime system in order to crack down on this crime more justly and accurately.
Estimating the Marginal Social Value of Agriculturally Driven Nitrate Concentrations in an Aquifer: A Combined Theoretical-Applied Approach

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

We combine a theoretical model and a quantitative modeling chain based on a bio-economic model and a hydrological model in order to assess the marginal damage related to the nitrate concentration in an aquifer. The fundamental concept is to take the steady state level resulting from a social planner's optimization program as the target level of nitrate concentration. The interest of doing this is three-fold: (i) we characterize the social value of damage related to the targeted nitrate concentration; which (ii) leads us to design the optimal path consistent with the target; and (iii) we can in turn assess welfare losses arising when the tax path deviates from the optimal one.
Antenatal Spontaneous Renal Forniceal Rupture Presenting as an Acute Abdomen

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background . Renal forniceal rupture is a lesser-known cause of acute abdomen in pregnancy. The ureteral compression by the gravid uterus places pregnant women at a higher risk. Sequelae in pregnancy could include intractable pain, acute kidney injury, and preterm birth. Case . A 22-year-old primigravida with no prior medical history presented with an acute abdomen in her second trimester. The diagnosis of renal forniceal rupture was made by a radiologist using MRI. A percutaneous nephrostomy catheter was placed, and the patient’s pain was relieved. She subsequently delivered at term. Conclusion . Upon presentation of an acute abdomen in pregnancy, providers may not include renal forniceal rupture in their differential as readily as obstetric or gynecologic causes, resulting in delayed diagnosis, unnecessary invasive interventions, and potentially adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Increasing provider awareness could result in improved outcomes.
Stochastic stable population theory in continuous time

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper presents the stochastic stable population theory for two families of continuous time models, (i) those for which the asymptotics can be derived from a single renewal relation and (ii) those for which a system of coupled renewal equations must be specified. Some effort is devoted to a characterization of these two families and, for purposes of illustration, both a uniregional age and parity dependent model and a multiregional age dependent model are analyzed in detail. In each case, the question of the proper definition of the stable age distribution and the reproductive value is addressed.
Natural Capital: From Metaphor to Measurement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Current efforts to value ecosystem services have contributed little to the valuation of natural capital, suggesting that in practice "nature is capital" primarily serves as a metaphor. We provide a theoretically motivated approach for recovering natural capital prices that expands beyond idealized management to encompass current, likely inefficient, management institutions. Theoretically consistent capital valuation requires adjusting for the net marginal productivity of the natural capital asset and price appreciation. We develop a numerical approach for approximating the value of capital that integrates estimates from ecology and economics. We employ the method to recover credible accounting prices for a pound of Gulf of Mexico reef fish as a capital asset under real-world management conditions. Our approach reveals the interdisciplinarity of natural capital valuation and the importance of understanding the feedbacks between the state of natural capital stocks, human behavior affecting these stocks, and the role of institutions in shaping that feedback.
The Use of Correlated Binomial Distribution in Estimating Error Rates for Firearm Evidence Identification

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In the branch of forensic science known as firearm evidence identification, estimating error rates is a fundamental challenge. Recently, a new quantitative approach known as the congruent matching cells (CMC) method was developed to improve the accuracy of ballistic identifications and provide a basis for estimating error rates. To estimate error rates, the key is to find an appropriate probability distribution for the relative frequency distribution of observed CMCs overlaid on a relevant measured firearm surface such as the breech face of a cartridge case. Several probability models based on the assumption of independence between cell pair comparisons have been proposed, but the assumption of independence among the cell pair comparisons from the CMC method may not be valid. This article proposes statistical models based on dependent Bernoulli trials, along with corresponding methodology for parameter estimation. To demonstrate the potential improvement from the use of the dependent Bernoulli trial model, the methodology is applied to an actual data set of fired cartridge cases.
Agricultural Imports and Trade Liberalization (In Spanish)

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this work, the behavior of the agricultural imports appears before and agroindustrial Colombians and alter the economic opening of end of the ninety. One is that diminution of great part of the tariff and for-tariff mechanism of protection, combined with the revaluation and the diminution of the international prices of farming products, they diminished the distortion on the prices of the producer with which affection its yield and was reduced its competitiveness, as much in the external market as in the internal market. Additionally. The weak efforts in terms of technical change and productivity to the interior of the sector, they did that this one outside very vulnerable one to the changes of policy, which added elements to the crisis.Se encuentra que la disminucion de gran parte de los mecanismos de proteccion arancelarios y paraarancelarios, combinados con la reevaluacion y la disminucion de los precios internacionales de los productos agropecuarios, disminuyeron la distorsion sobre los precios del productor con lo cual se afecto su rentabilidad y redujo su competitividad, tanto en el mercado externo como en el interno. Adicionalmente, los debiles esfuerzos en terminos de cambio tecnico y productividad al interior del sector, hicieron que este fuera muy vulnerable a los cambios de politica, lo cual agrego elementos a la crisis.
Effect of Monosaccharides and Disaccharides Type on Ionic Conductivity of Liquid Electrolyte Based Lithium Iodide

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Liquid electrolyte was prepared by dissolving glucose, fructose, sucrose and lactose separately with different percentage of lithium iodide (10 â€“ 35%) in aqueous solution of 1% acetic acid. Liquid electrolyte is characterized using conductivity meter to determine ionic conductivity. Computer simulations of Density Functional Theory (DFT) was used to identify the dominant functional groups on monomers such as glucose, sucrose, fructose and lactose when interact with the lithium salt by using B3LYP/6-31G ++ (d, p) basis set. The highest ionic conductivity for monosaccharide is glucose at 28.20 mS/cm while for disaccharide is lactose at 28.00 mS/cm with percentage of salt at 35 wt.%. Ionic conductivity increases when concentration of salt increase because there is an interaction between salt with functional groups of compounds. Based on computer simulations of DFT, interaction between lithium with compounds can be occurred due to negative electrostatic potential on the molecule. Electronegativity value of oxygen atom in glucose (-0.562e) and lactose (-0.567e) higher than fructose (-0.559e) and sucrose (-0.515e). Functional groups that are dominant to interact when interact with lithium salt are O-15 for glucose and O-17 for lactose due to the shorter bond length, the stronger energy attraction between functional groups with lithium.
Online application manual for CNC Milling

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this project is to guide operators to operate and understand the basic concept of the CNC machining center using online web page. Operators working in the machine tool field cannot ignore the influence of computer in manufacturing. An online web page has many advantages such as the ability to reach customers around the globe with updated product information and technical data. An online application manual contains four major topics which are more relevant to the operators: namely machine structure, basic NC programming, calculation for machine operation, and high speed machining concept.
Evaluating Land Eligibility Constraints of Renewable Energy Sources in Europe

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The amount and distribution of land which is eligible for renewable energy sources (RES) is fundamental to the role these technologies will play in future energy systems. Unfortunately, land eligibility (LE) investigations in the literature are plagued by many inconsistencies between studies, impeding the work of researchers and policy makers interested in energy system development planning. As one factor contributing to this, the criteria used to construct land exclusion constraints have not been the focus of scientific investigation on a large scale, and as such their interactions are not well known.Therefore, an open source LE framework was used to perform evaluations in the European context of 36 commonly used constraints. After direct visualization, three measures by which these constraints are valuable to an LE analysis were computed: independence, exclusivity, and overlap. Results show extensive spatial sensitivity to constrain influence. Furthermore, some constraints, such as proximity to agriculture and woodland areas, rank high in all three measures; others, such as distance from airports and camping sites, consistently rank low; and still others, such as elevation, score highly in one measure but not the others. With these results, LE researchers can better understand the contributions of the constraints used in their analyses.
Sex-based differences in the lipidomic profile of circulating extracellular vesicles isolated from adolescents exposed to ethanol intoxication

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Lipids represent essential components of extracellular vesicles (EVs), playing structural and regulatory functions during EV biogenesis, release, targeting, and cell uptake. Importantly, lipidic dysregulation has been linked to several disorders, including metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and neurological dysfunction. Our recent results demonstrated the involvement of plasma EV microRNAs as possible amplifiers and biomarkers of neuroinflammation and brain damage induced by ethanol intoxication during adolescence. Considering the possible role of EV lipids as regulatory molecules and biomarkers, we evaluated how acute ethanol intoxication differently affected the lipid composition of plasma EVs in male and female adolescents and explored the participation of the immune response. Methods Plasma EVs from humans, WT mice, and TLR4-KO mice were extracted. After the EVs lipids extraction and data acquisition by mass spectrometry, preprocessing and exploratory analyses were conducted. Experimental groups (ethanol and control groups of females and males) were compared from differential abundance analysis. Annotation of the lipids in their corresponding classes and a lipid set enrichment analysis were carried out to evaluate the biological function. Results We demonstrate for the first time that acute ethanol intoxication induces a higher enrichment of specific EV lipid species in human female adolescents (e.g., PA, LPC, unsaturated FA and FAHFA) than in males (e.g., PI). These lipid species participate in the formation, release, and uptake of EVs and the activation of the immune response. All data and results generated have been made openly available on a web-based platform (http://bioinfo.cipf.es/sal). Conclusions Our results suggest that female adolescents who binge drink alcohol also display increased levels of EV biogenesis and neuroinflammatory spread than males. Our findings also support the potential use of EV-enriched lipids as biomarkers of ethanol-induced neuroinflammation during adolescence.
Investigation on the Effects of Changing Automotive Vehicles Leaf Springs from Steel to Hybrid Polymer Composite Leaf Springs

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Leaf Springs find vast applications in different types of mechanical systems. In spite of lot of research, spring steel leaf springs find a lot of applications in all types of heavy vehicle. Weight reduction is one of the present trends in the automotive vehicles and many researchers worked on better materials and design optimization for the same. Composite leaf springs represent some application of composite materials in the field of automotive lightweight materials. This paper is focused to design a natural fibre reinforced hybrid polymer composite mono leaf parabolic spring to replace the existing steel multi-leaf semi-elliptical spring in an attempt of reducing the unsprung mass and investigate its stiffness characteristics by different methods. The spring so designed is analysed for its deflection and hence for its stiffness, by Virtual work method, whose complex integral was solved numerically by Gauss Quadrature. Along with analyzing the stress pattern and making sure the failsafe condition is met, ANSYS is used to construct a model using Solidworks and then use that model to compute the deflection. In the end, three genuine prototypes of the springs were made utilizing match board wooden moulds and the hand lay-up process. These springs were then put through a static load test in a Universal Testing Machine. According to the findings, the spring that is developed to take the place of the present spring will likely have the requisite dynamic and vibration characteristics, and it will also be 83% lighter; as a consequence, it will be suggested as a very excellent replacement. After that, a harmonic disturbance was applied to the springs, and the resulting deflection was analysed. A test rig was built for this specific purpose, and the spring was put under harmonic forcing.
Selected U.S. Crop Budgets: Yields, Inputs, and Variable Costs, Volume III, Great Plains Region

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This report contains estimates of variable costs of producing major crops in 16 production areas in the Great Plains region of the United States. Crops include wheat, barley, corn, grain sorghum, oats, rye, flax, soybeans, and hay. Budgets show the quantity and value of specific preharvest and harvest inputs, total preharvest costs per acre planted, and total variable costs per acre planted. Detailed breakdowns of crop yields and rates of fertilization are also included.
Soft tissue contour and radiographic evaluation of ridge preservation in early implant placement: A randomized controlled clinical trial

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Background: Alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) aims to counteract the magnitude of dimensional changes following tooth extraction thereby simplifying implant placement. Although ARP can be applied in every clinical situation, whether this procedure has an added benefit in early implant placement remains unclear. Aim/Hypothesis: To compare two ridge preservation techniques and spontaneous healing in terms of soft and hard tissue changes and necessity of additional guided bone regeneration (GBR) at early implant placement. Materials and Methods: Seventy-five patients were recruited. After single tooth extractions in the incisor/premolar area of the maxilla, patients were randomly allocated to one of the following three groups: 1) ARP with a xenogeneic bone substitute covered with a collagen matrix (CM), 2) ARP with a xenogeneic bone substitute covered with a free palatal graft (PG), 3) spontaneous healing (SH). Eight weeks after tooth extraction, implants were placed. Clinical, profilometric and radiographic evaluations. In addition, the need for further guided bone regeneration (GBR) at implant placement was assessed. The differences between the treatment groups were compared with One-way ANOVA test with the corresponding post hoc analysis. The proportions of the categorical parameters were compared with the Fisher′s exact test. Results: Seventy-five underwent early implant placement 8 weeks after tooth extraction and were evaluated. The mean changes in soft tissue contour between tooth extraction and implant placement were significant less in patients who underwent ARP (CM; −1.5 ± 0.6 mm; PG;-1.7 ± 0.6) when compared to SH group (−2.3 ± 0.9, P = 0.037). CM and PG group however did not differ in terms of soft tissue changes (P > 0.05). Furthermore, CM (−0.9 ± 0.6 mm) and PG group (1.0 ± 0.8) exhibited less horizontal bone resorption as compared to SH group (3.2 ± 2.1 mm, P < 0.001). Necessity of GBR at implant placement was significantly reduced in CM (32%) and PM group (24%) when compared to the control group (72%, P = 0.001). Conclusions and Clinical Implications: Both ARP modalities resulted in greater preservation of the soft tissue contour and bone at implant placement simplifying the implant therapy. Therefore, ARP represents a valuable treatment option in early implant placement. Keywords: alveolar ridge preservation, early implant placement, tooth extraction, necessity of guided bone regeneration, soft tissue contour.
The Strategic Importance of ADEA Compliance on Older Workers: Formal and Informal Practices

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Despite the prominent use of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) of 1967 by employees to protect themselves from discrimination in terms of age, research has rarely examined the impact of the importance attached to legal compliance by organizations on outcomes related to older workers. We adopt the institutional logic perspective to better understand the relationship of strategic importance of ADEA compliance on two formal (i.e., accommodation and development practices) and one informal (i.e., age diversity climate) older worker-related organizational practices. Moreover, we extend our model to examine outcomes of the three organizational practices as related to the accumulation of older worker-specific human capital reservoir. To test our theoretical model, we analyze two-wave data from a random sample of active members of the Society of Human Resource Management (SHRM). We found that, organizations that attached high strategic importance to ADEA compliance were more likely to implement both formal and informal older worker-related organizational practices. We further found that development practices for older workers were positively related to knowledge transfer from older workers, and age diversity climate was negatively related to retention and recruitment difficulty of older workers, but positively related to knowledge transfer from older workers. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Seeing through the eyes of the Polish Revolution: Solidarity and the struggle against communism in Poland

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Acknowledgements 1. Patronage and Corruption in Communist Poland PART I: THE EMERGENCE OF OPPOSITION 2. The First Systemic Crisis 3. 'Living Parallel to the System': The Solidarity Generation 4. A Line of Blood 5. An Opposition Emerges 6. Independent Organisations and Opposition PART II: THE SOLIDARITY REVOLUTION 7. The Solidarity Explosion 8. Social Solidarity and the Victory of Solidarnosc 9. The Solidarity Revolution 10. The Solidarity Offensive 11. Bydgoszcz: the Turning Point 12. The Party at War with Itself References Index
SEASONAL CLIMATE FORECASTS TO ENHANCE DECISION-MAKING ACROSS THE SUGAR INDUSTRY VALUE CHAIN

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Climate is a key driver of sugar systems. Many decisions and forward planning activities within the sugar industry are made with the anticipation of 'usual' climate conditions. When climate conditions vary from 'average', contingency plans are often implemented and initial decisions and plans are revised. Advance knowledge of the likely climate can be beneficial for enhancing decision-making and forward planning for the sugar season. Case studies assessing the capability of the 5 phase Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) climate forecasting system to enhance decision making and forward planning for the farming, harvesting, milling and marketing sectors of the industry value chain in Australia are presented. The results indicate that the benefits from using climate forecasts based on the SOI phase system are dependent upon the lead-time and the event being forecasted.
SAMBA PAMPA

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Performer: EMIL STERN; Careno Cuban Boys Writer: Emile Deltour Samba. Digitized at 78 revolutions per minute. Four stylii were used to transfer this record. They are 3.5mil truncated eliptical, 2.3mil truncated conical, 2.8mil truncated conical, 3.3mil truncated conical. These were recorded flat and then also equalized with Turnover: 400.0, Rolloff: -12.0. The preferred versions suggested by an audio engineer at George Blood, L.P. have been copied to have the more friendly filenames. Matrix number: PART 6105-1 Catalog number: FW 3025 Other IDs from the record include: (X6105); FW 3025; M3-116383
Natriuretic peptide receptor A knock out restricts tumorigenesis through ablation of myeloid derived suppressor cells expansion (66.3)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Recent data from our group and a number of others have demonstrated that expansion and activation of Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells(MDSC) play a pivotal role in tumorigenesis. The receptor for atrial natriuretic peptide, natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPRA) has been implicated in cancers. We have shown that NPRA expression and signaling is important for tumor growth. We hypothesize a novel link between NPRA expression, altered differentiation of myeloid cells and tumor formation. MDSC population consists of two major subsets of Ly6G+ granulocytic and Ly6C+ monocytic cells. Almost all tumor models demonstrated a preferential expansion of granulocytic subset of MDSC. MDSC isolated from tumor bearing mice expressed high levels of NPRA. Next we hypothesized that NPRA knock out would result in restricted tumor growth. Using NPRA deficient mice, we report that these mice have altered differentiation of myeloid cells. As a consequence tumor cells injected subcutaneously to NPRA KO mice failed to grow. We investigated the nature of cells responsible for tumorigenesis and proved that ablation of a subset of MDSC cells restricts tumor formation. This work may indicate key roles for NPRA in myeloid cell differentiation and cancer formation.