jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Anticrossing spectroscopy of K Rydberg atoms using 300-K blackbody radiation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The avoided crossings in an electric field of K s and p states with the nearly hydrogenic Stark manifold states have been investigated using 300-K blackbody radiation. Anticrossings between states of the same \ensuremath{\Vert}${m}_{j}$\ensuremath{\Vert} for which the \ensuremath{\Vert}${m}_{l}$\ensuremath{\Vert} values are the same or differ by one are encountered. The anticrossings between states of the same \ensuremath{\Vert}${m}_{l}$\ensuremath{\Vert} are quite wide as they are due to core penetration and polarization effects. The anticrossings for which \ensuremath{\Vert}${m}_{l}$\ensuremath{\Vert} differs by one are produced by the spin-orbit interaction and are accordingly quite small. We present results for the ns states for n in the range 18--29 and for the np states for n in the range 19--23.
A Fluorescence Lidar Simulator for the Design of Advanced Water Quality Assessment Methodologies

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Water quality assessment plays an important role in sustainable development of natural resources. Fluorescence LIDAR is among the preferred remote sensors used in water quality monitoring. This work presents an underwater fluorescence LIDAR simulator for water quality assessment developed to design, test, and validate methodologies for the retrieval of key biophysical parameters or to discriminate dissolved substances and pollutants. Experimental results illustrating the usefulness of the simulator are provided focusing, as a case-study, on a key water quality indicator playing a major role in the global carbon balance, namely the Chromophoric/colored Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM).
Risk Assessment and Culture

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Sexual offending against children is a global social problem. Prohibitions against specific sexual acts are commonplace, suggesting a universal understanding of the harms incurred by this behaviour. Although typically defined in legal terms, sexual offending behaviour occurs in a cultural context. Furthermore, despite great advances in risk assessment techniques, these activities are also culturally informed and shape consequent practice and research that reinforces power differentials between the offender and the assessor. It is argued that a culturally responsive understanding of sexual offending behaviour, especially committed by individuals from indigenous, non‐dominant, and/or marginalized communities, would add value to the comprehensiveness of assessments and the meaningfulness of findings, and contribute to broader discussions of community engagement and participation in offender management. This chapter provides an analysis of some of the diversity issues that are involved in the research and practice of assessing risk with sex offenders who are culturally different.
Linear Codes Associated to Symmetric Determinantal Varieties: Even Rank Case

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider linear codes over a finite field of odd characteristic, derived from determinantal varieties, obtained from symmetric matrices of bounded ranks. A formula for the weight of a code word is derived. Using this formula, we have computed the minimum distance for the codes corresponding to matrices upper-bounded by any fixed, even rank. A conjecture is proposed for the cases where the upper bound is odd. At the end of the article, tables for the weights of these codes, for spaces of symmetric matrices up to order $5$, are given. We also correct typographical errors in Proposition 1.1/3.1 of [3], and in the last table, and we have rewritten Corollary 4.9 of that paper, and the usage of that Corollary in the proof of Proposition 4.10.
Pembagian Harta Waris Adat Lampung Sai Batin Kabupaten Pesisir Barat Perspektif Hukum Islam

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article discusses the analysis of Islamic law against the distribution of the community's heirs in Sai Batin Marga Pasar Krui. The system used by the native people in Sai Batin Pesisir Barat is divided into two forms: first, the native peoples in Pasar Krui use the matriarchal major division system. Women are only entitled to live in the house and manage the garden, but not to sell it. If they do not have a daughter, the boy is also allowed to get the heirs. Second, the native peoples in Way Napal use the patrilineal division system. The absolute decision is possessed by the heirs as the owner and the absolute decision-maker. To whom the treasure will be distributed and the amount of it is determined by the decision of the testator. The way used in this distribution is washiyah (will). This is because they are still hard with the customary rules and their lack of understanding of the Islamic inheritance law that part of Islamic religious rules.
PWE-093 Screening with Holotranscobalamin is Superior to Serum B12 in Identifying Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Patients with Crohn’S Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Risk factors for vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) include ileal disease and previous ileal resections. Screening for B12 deficiency is traditionally through serum B12 which is relatively insensitive. Holotranscobalamin (holoTC) is a test that measures the metabolically active fraction of B12 available for cellular uptake and has been shown to perform better than traditional testing in identifying patients with functional B12 deficiency. We hypothesised that holoTC would identify B12 deficiency in patients with CD deemed to be B12 replete on traditional testing and sought to identify prevalence and risk factors within this population. Methods Prospective study of consecutive patients with CD. Patients receiving B12 supplementation were excluded. Patients underwent paired serum B12 and HoloTC testing. Serum B12 < 107pmol/L or HoloTC < 25pmol/L was defined as B12 deficient. Intermediate HoloTC values between 25pmol/L and 50pmol/L underwent further assessment with methylmalonic acid (MMA), considered the gold standard in metabolic B12 deficiency. MMA > 280nmol/L in patients < 65 years of age and > 360nmol/L in patients > 65 years of age confirmed B12 deficiency. Risk factors for B12 deficiency were examined including Montreal classification, surgical history and the presence of ileal inflammation or stricture. Results 70 patients who were not receiving B12 supplementation were included, (37 (53%) male, median age 37.5 years (IQR 28–47)). Disease location was ileal in 19 (27%), colonic in 19 (27%), ileocolonic in 32 (46%). 27 (39%) had undergone surgery, 22 (31%) an ileal resection. 18 (26%) were B12 deficient using HoloTC; 8 (11.5%) on HoloTC alone and 10 (14.5%) after MMA analysis on intermediate HoloTC results. Serum B12 testing identified 4 (5.7%) patients with B12 deficiency; 2 were functionally B12 deficient with HoloTC alone and 2 were replete when assessed by MMA. Ileal resection length > 30cm (OR 5.3, 95% CI 2.6–10.8, p < 0.0001), ileal inflammation (OR 11.3, 95% CI 3.48–36.9, p < 0.0001), ileal stricture (OR 6.1, 95% CI 2.8–13.7, p < 0.0001) and ileal resection (OR 5.0, 95% CI 2.3–10.7, p < 0.0001) were significant predictors of B12 deficiency on univariate analysis. Conclusion HoloTC identifies vitamin B12 deficiency in a significant percentage of patients with CD otherwise considered replete on traditional testing. In addition serum B12 testing identifies patients who are not functionally deficient. Active ileal disease, ileal resection and ileal resection > 30cm were significant predictors of vitamin B12 deficiency. Disclosure of Interest None Declared.
SynPhNe accelerated stroke rehabilitation system (hardware development)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Having the opportunity to carry out self-rehabilitation activity at their own comfort of their home was a far-fetched goal for common stroke patients. The heavy financial cost one has to bear throughout recovery and is reminded of it every session starts. All these add burden to the patient and their family, disrupting the patient’s pace of recovery. SynPhNe Accelerated Stroke Rehabilitation System offers a low cost, risk-free solution to these problems faced. This project aims to benefit patients by allowing them to have rehabilitation sessions at the comfort of being at home and without much help from others, the patient can focus more on recovery in a stress-free environment. With the developing on the Lower-Limb portion of the system by EMG technology, it can pick up muscle signals from the leg and display them through interface to facilitate therapy sessions.
Scalable Authenticated Communication in Drone Swarm Environment

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

<p>The drone swarm is a preferable way to deploy many drones for large-scale missions. Establishing secure communication among drones in drone swarms is essential as the fog drone controls all other edge drones in the swarm. Although many researchers proposed methods of authenticating drones, most of them are unsuitable for use in swarm environments as they require either the ground station during the authentication or expensive PKI-based crypto operations with limited flexibility and scalability. In this work, we propose an efficient and scalable authentication protocol for drone swarm environments, enabling mutual authentication between fog and edge drones without involving the ground station. Moreover, we show that the protocol enables the verification of the sender in group communication. Protocol evaluations show security requirements satisfaction while achieving 14 - 20 times less computation overhead as compared to PKI-based models.​​</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
From a ‘Peaceful and Prosperous China’ to ‘the China Virus’: Examining the Framing of China Through American Political Rhetoric

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The period comprising the past thirty-two years since the collapse of the Soviet Union has seen a range of approaches taken by the United States in handling its relationship with China. Launched in November 2011, the ‘Pivot to Asia’ policy approach entailed new levels of engagement with ‘a peaceful and prosperous China’, but on the most challenging issues this approach also brought increasing confrontation. The West (in this case the United States) has a history of utilising Orientalist-style, ‘us vs them’ dichotomies to manipulate unequal relations of power with the East (known as the ‘Orient’) throughout history (originally with middle-eastern nations). By using tenets from Edward Said’s Orientalism and critical discourse analysis adapted from Normal Fairclough’s 3-dimensional model, this article seeks to establish whether the foreign policy rhetoric of the United States has shifted to frame China through an Orientalist worldview since the Obama Administration’s “Pivot to Asia” strategy in late 2011. The article analyses 52 speeches from the Obama and Trump Administrations, finding evidence of pro-orientalist themes and language being adopted for both. Whilst utilised to a lower degree, these ‘us vs them’ dichotomies do exist under President Obama’s more accommodating and calmer linguistic-style, being intertwined with language designed to project an image of welcoming cooperation (albeit in a condescending, back-handed way). The use of orientalist themes is more prominently provable under President Trump, with almost all major speeches pertaining to China containing high usage of orientalist tropes in a more openly xenophobic, racist fashion.
Understanding parabolic reflectors through paper folding

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A simple paper-folding construction for a parabola is proposed. Besides providing a concrete, hands-on activity, the construction gives intuitive meaning to the role of the directrix and leads to a simple noncalculus proof of the reflection property of the parabola. The paper-folding technique can be generalized to ellipses and hyperbolas, and leads to their reflection properties as well.
On Descriptive Characterizations of an Integral Recovering a Function from Its $$L^r$$-Derivative

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The notion of Lr-variational measure generated by a function F ∈ Lr[a, b] is introduced and, in terms of absolute continuity of this measure, a descriptive characterization of the HKr -integral recovering a function from its Lr-derivative is given. It is shown that the class of functions generating absolutely continuous Lr-variational measure coincides with the class of ACGr -functions which was introduced earlier, and that both classes coincide with the class of the indefinite HKr-integrals under the assumption of Lr-differentiability almost everywhere of the functions consisting these classes
Optical design of the developmental cryogenic active telescope testbed

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In the summer of 1996, three study teams developed conceptual designs and mission architectures for the NGST. All three conceptual designs provided scientific capabilities that met or surpassed those envisioned by the Hubble Space Telescope and Beyond Committee. Each group highlighted areas of technology study included: deployable structures, lightweight optics, cryogenic optics and mechanisms, passive cooling, a non-orbit closed loop wavefront sensing and control. NASA and industry are currently planning to develop a series of ground testbeds and validation flights to demonstrate many of these technologies. The developmental cryogenic active telescope testbed (DCATT) is a system level testbed to be developed at Goddard Space Flight Center in three phases over an extended period of time. This testbed will combine an actively controlled telescope with the hardware and software elements of a closed loop wavefront sensing and control system to achieve diffraction limited imaging at 2 microns. We will present an overview of the system level requirements, a discussion of the optical design, and results of performance analyses for the Phase 1 ambient concept for DCATT.
A Consideration on Ternary Adversarial Generative Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Generative adversarial networks (GANs), which can generate and transform data, have been attracting attention. However, the model must be lightweight and fast when applied in the field. As for the ternarization of GAN, (TernaryGAN,) which restricts the value of the weights to {−1, 0, +1} during forwarding propagation of the generator, has already been proposed. In this paper, we investigated by experiment how ternary generator and/or discriminator affects the training of GANs. To make not only generator ternary, but also discriminator, we propose the DGR (Decomposition with Gradient Retained) method, which can change discriminator's input images to binary. We trained GANs for the cases where the generator and the discriminator are ternarized, and for the case where only one of them is ternarized, and measured the degree of image degradation using the FID (Fréchet inception distance) score. Only the ternarized generator is showed the lowest accuracy degradation, implying that GANs contain some parts that are not suitable for ternarization. We found the useful insight that when reducing the weight of GAN, the generator can be compressed relatively more, while the discriminator should not be so much.
Reduced Graphene Oxide/Carbon Paper for the Anode Diffusion Layer of a Micro Direct Methanol Fuel Cell

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The diffusion layer (DL) in the structure of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of a micro direct methanol fuel cell (μDMFC) plays an essential role in reactant/product mass transfer and catalyst loading. The material selection and structure design of the μDMFC affects its performance. In this work, a reduced graphene oxide/carbon paper (rGO/CP) was proposed and prepared for the anode DL of a μDMFC. It was prepared using electrophoretic sedimentation combined with an in situ reduction method. The rGO/CP reduced the cell’s ohmic and charge transfer resistances. Meanwhile, it provided more significant mass transfer resistance to reduce the methanol crossover, allowing the cell to operate stably at higher concentrations for a longer duration than conventional μDMFCs. The experimental results showed that the maximum power density increased by 53% compared with the traditional anode DL of carbon paper.
Cybersecurity Education and Awareness Among Parents and Teachers: A Survey of Bahrain

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In today’s interconnected and digital world, the need to safeguard sensitive and personal information is vital. The rise in cybercrime, especially that involving minors and vulnerable groups, is alarming. Creating awareness of online risks and safe online behaviour is critical. The purpose of this study is to explore the importance of integrating cybersecurity education in schools, with a focus on practices within Bahrain. We explore prevention measures through user studies ( $n=251$ ) with parents and teachers. The survey was designed and conducted that included 19 questions for parents ( $n=157$ ) and 10 for teachers ( $n=94$ ). The findings revealed that children are highly vulnerable and exposed to various risks, with inadequate awareness of cybersecurity among parents and inadequate parental supervision. Parents and teachers have identified that some of the most common risks children face online are exposure to inappropriate content, such as pornography and interactions with strangers, as well as financial fraud. Three out of four parents are aware of the risks, yet only half apply parental controls to protect their children. Parents and teachers (69% parents, 64% teachers) strongly believe that educational institutions have the responsibility to improve cybersecurity awareness among children, and 87% of the participants reported that it is a key priority. However, awareness and distribution of information to students has been established as a key challenge and many believe that the most effective teaching mechanism is reported to be narrative-based, problem solving and video-based. Therefore, it is imperative to adopt proactive measures to improve the cybersecurity education process in Bahrain.
Application of β-(2-Chloroaroyl) Thioacetanilides in Synthesis:  An Unusual and Highly Efficient Access to Thiochromeno[2,3-b]pyridine Derivatives

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A series of unusual fused tricyclic thiochromeno[2,3-b]pyridines were successfully synthesized by tandem [3 + 3] annulation and SNAr of beta-(2-chloroaroyl) thioacetanilides with activated 4-arylidene-2-phenyloxazol-5(4H)-ones or aromatic aldehydes and ethyl 2-cyanoacetate under microwave irradiation, respectively. Because of the existence of the o-chloro atom of beta-(2-chloroaroyl) thioacetanilides, these reactions were very mild, convenient, and ortho-selective to form new fused tricyclic target molecules. In the domino processes, at least seven reactive distinct chemical sites were involved and up to three new covalent bonds and one tricycle with only cis configuration were generated. A synthetic study and mechanistic proposal for these transformations are presented.
Prototyping Robotic Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This chapter provides an experience-based framework of prototypes development and commissioning. It introduces elements learned directly from the practice that encompass aspects of project management, technology development process, and commercialization in the context of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The contents of this chapter are based mainly on the author’s practical experience of leading an SME technology developer. The author is also a faculty member working as a researcher and teacher. Because of the interrelationship between research and technology development, his views and perception of the topic may be unique, and they are personal. The chapter presents a general framework for robotic systems prototyping. To back up the points made in the chapter, three case studies of robotic prototyping are included to help the reader perceive the outlined concepts.
Fatty acid preference for beta‐oxidation in mitochondria of murine cultured astrocytes

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract The brain utilizes glucose as a primary energy substrate but also fatty acids for the β‐oxidation in mitochondria. The β‐oxidation is reported to occur mainly in astrocytes, but its capacity and efficacy against different fatty acids remain unknown. Here, we show the fatty acid preference for the β‐oxidation in mitochondria of murine cultured astrocytes. Fatty acid oxidation assay using an extracellular flux analyzer showed that saturated or monosaturated fatty acids, palmitic acid and oleic acid, are preferred substrates over polyunsaturated fatty acids like arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. We also report that fatty acid binding proteins expressed in the astrocytes contribute less to fatty acid transport to mitochondria for β‐oxidation. Our results could give insight into understanding energy metabolism through fatty acid consumption in the brain.
Ownership structures and effects of related lending and loan guarantees on firm performance in business groups

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study identifies a sample of listed Indian business group firms, which exhibit an increasing trend in leverage, related lending and loan guarantees. Business groups in India, primarily adopt pyramidal structure in which decision making is done through control rights approach. The paper examines the ownership structures in business groups and studies the effects of related lending and loan guarantees on firm performance in such business groups through a panel data regression with fixed effects. The regression results suggest that lending and loan guarantees to related parties affect the operating performance of group firms positively. The relationship has been found to be significant for most of the categories of business groups studied for the two measures of firm performance, namely gross profit to asset ratio and return on assets. However, their effect on market value is found to be negative, leading to an inference that such deals are taken adversely by the market.
Global Investing Sentiment and Social Interaction During COVID Outbreak

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The outbreak of COVID-19 was an extreme event that created panic among the people, disrupted normal functioning and adversely affected the economy. The stock market fell due to the uncertainty that ensued, and it continues to do so as new variants are being discovered. The study explores the impact of the outbreak of a new variant of COVID-19 on the stock market and analyses investor sentiment towards investing and global investing through sentiment analysis using QSR NVivo software. The results contribute to the extant literature that the investors’ sentiment is positive towards global investing despite the adverse conditions. Investors need to choose those stocks that are internationally diversified with sound fundamentals. The study reveals that markets bounce after a significant cooling period, and investment managers should encourage the investors to hold their portfolios. The study also identifies the important themes and social networking of investors from India with the world through the NodeXL. The study identified major themes such as alerts, timing, investors and investing, which shows that the people mainly focus on stocks, its alert and timing for making investment decisions.