jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Early Post-Stroke Seizures: A Comparison Between Acute Ischemic and Haemorrhagic Stroke Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To compare the frequency of post-stroke seizure between acute ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke patients. Study Design: Comparative, prospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Oct 2021 to Oct 2022. Methodology: A total of 180 patients with acute stroke, were included in the study. CT brain and/or MRI brain were performed to diagnose all patients. Patients were divided into haemorrhagic and ischemic stroke groups. Patients were followed for four weeks. Results: The mean age of the patients was 48.92±7.80 years. The majority were males 127(70.5%),125(69.4%) patients had an ischemic stroke, while 55(30.6%) had haemorrhagic. Post-stroke seizures were seen in 12(7.07%). In haemorrhagic stroke patients, the frequency was 5/55(9.09%), while 7/125(5.6%) in ischemic ones. The difference in frequencies was 4.03%. There was no significant difference in seizure frequencies between the two groups (p=0.298). Conclusion: This study concluded that there is no significant statistical difference in frequencies of post-stroke seizure in haemorrhagic stroke compared to ischemic stroke patients.
Calculation of noise barrier performance using the substitute-sources method for a three-dimensional turbulent atmosphere

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Substitute sources between a noise barrier and a receiver are used to calculate the effect of atmospheric turbulence on barrier sound reduction. The method is extended for application to three-dimensional situations with both high and low barriers. Calculations are made for a thin, hard screen, without the influence of a ground surface. The Kirchhoff approximation is applied for the low screens and a more accurate diffraction model is used for the higher screens. The calculated results are compared with corresponding ones for two-dimensional situations, by using the substitute-sources method (SSM) also. The two and three-dimensional calculations give very similar results, which indicates that, for a large variety of situations, only two-dimensional models are needed. The results are also compared with those obtained using a scattering cross-section method which, although it predicts a much weaker influence of turbulence than the SSM, shows mostly the same trend, namely that the turbulence influence is large only within a range of lower screen heights.
Effect of down-regulation of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase on cell wall composition and on degradability of tobacco stems

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effect of down-regulation of tobacco cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) on cell wall composition and degradability has been assessed. CAD activity was only 20, 16, 14 and 7%, relative to the controls, in four populations of plants (designated 40-1, 40-2, 48 and 50, respectively) transformed with CAD antisense mRNA. Cell wall residues of stem samples were analysed for polysaccharide composition, gravimetric and acetyl bromide lignins and lignin nitrobenzene oxidation products. In situ disappearance and cellulase solubility of both initial dry matter and CWR were determined. The populations of plants with depressed CAD activity showed no change in lignin content but some consistent changes in cell wall composition and digestibility were identified. The syringyl content of lignins decreased and the syringaldehyde to vanillin ratio (S/V) was consequently reduced. Dry matter degradability, as measured by both methods, was significantly improved in all CAD-depressed samples except for population 40-1, which was the least CAD-depressed. Increased in situ disappearance of cell wall (ISCWD) was found in all plants exhibiting more than 80% CAD down-regulation and was maximal (7 percentage units) in population 50 which had the greatest CAD depression. The rates of ISCWD increased slightly in some populations (40-2 and 50). The relationship between S/V and ISCWD was significant (R = -0.68) only in the samples from a selected population of mature, most depleted plants. Other modifications may therefore also contribute to the improvement in degradability. However the changes in lignin composition that were observed in CAD-depressed tobacco are largely similar to those seen in some maize and sorghum mutants with altered lignification and improved digestibility. These data therefore suggest that depressing CAD activity may be an effective method for improving digestibility in forage crops.
BENZODIAZEPINE RESPONSE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chestnut Hill, MA AJNwelcomes letters to the editor regarding recently published articles, although critiques of original research may be submitted at any time. Submissions must be typed, contain fewer than 400 words, and list the correspondent’s name, address, and phone number or e-mail address; include references for any statistics or studies cited. Letters will be edited for length and clarity. Send letters to AJN, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 345 Hudson St., 16th Fl., New York, NY 10014; [email protected]; (212) 886-1206 (fax). Please note that, because of the World Trade Center attacks, our e-mail service was interrupted September 11 to 24. We may not have received correspondence during that time, so please resend any letters to the editor.
(E)-1-(5-Methylthiophen-2-yl)-N-(4-nitrophenyl)methanimine

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The title compound, C 12 H 10 N 2 O 2 S, was synthesized via the acid-catalyzed condensation of 4-nitroaniline and 5-methyl-2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde in a methanol–water solution. The dihedral angle between the benzene and thiophene rings is 54.62 (3)°. No directional interactions could be identified in the extended structure.
Using light scattering measurements to study the effects of monovalent and divalent cations on alginate aggregates

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Light scattering measurements were used to assess the effects of selected divalent and monovalent cations on alginate aggregation in vitro. Alginate, formed with either strontium, calcium or cobalt was partially dissolved with sodium. Calcium-alginate was also partially dissolved with two other monovalent cations, lithium and potassium. Phosphate, when added to a solution containing calcium-alginate, scrubbed algin-ate-bound calcium as well as free calcium in solution. These findings provide an explanation for an alternative approach for breaking down cell wall alginate.
Multivariate parametric density estimation based on the modified Cram&#x00E9;r-von Mises distance

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a novel distance-based density estimation method is proposed, which considers the overall density function in the goodness-of-fit. In detail, the parameters of Gaussian mixture densities are estimated from samples, based on the distance of the cumulative distributions over the entire state space. Due to the ambiguous definition of the standard multivariate cumulative distribution, the Localized Cumulative Distribution and a modified Cramér-von Mises distance measure are employed. A further contribution is the derivation of a simple-to-implement optimization procedure for the optimization problem. The proposed approach's good performance in estimating arbitrary Gaussian mixture densities is shown in an experimental comparison to the Expectation Maximization algorithm for Gaussian mixture densities.
Research on path planning based on improved ant colony algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Aiming at the problems of blindness, slow convergence and easy to fall into local optimal solution in the early stage of traditional ant colony algorithm search, an improved ant colony algorithm was proposed. The algorithm first introduces the gravitational potential field function, constructs new heuristic information, and improves the convergence speed. Secondly, learn from the wolf pack update rules, improve the pheromone update function, and give full play to the feedback function of pheromone. Finally, the path is optimized locally to remove redundant nodes. The comparison experiment with the traditional ant colony algorithm proves that the improved algorithm shortens the running time, the convergence speed and the global search ability are better than the traditional ant colony algorithm, and it is not easy to fall into the local optimal solution, which verifies the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Effects of Diets on Lipogenic-Related Enzymes and on Lipoprotein and Hormone-Sensitive Lipases in the Adipose Tissue of Goats

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

ヤギに給与する飼料を変換することによって,皮下脂肪組織における脂質合成能と脂肪酸合成関連酵素およびリポプロテインリパーゼとホルモン感受性リパーゼの活性にどのような影響があらわれるかについて検討した.乾乳中のヤギ6頭(日本ザーネン種,体重22～28kg)を,3頭づつの2群に分けて供試した.第1群は粗飼料のみを3週間給与した後,濃厚飼料多給に変換し,3週間飼育した.第2群は,第1群と逆の処理を行った.いずれの群においても,飼料を変換する1時間前に採血を,また直前に生検によって皮下脂肪組織と肝臓をそれぞれ1～2g摘出した.血清中グルコース濃度は,粗飼料給与時より濃厚飼料多給時の方が高く,一方血清中遊離型脂肪酸濃度は粗飼料給与時において高い値を示した.皮下脂肪組織における脂肪酸合成能および脂肪酸合成関連酵素とリポプロテインリパーゼの活性は,粗飼料給与時に比べて,濃厚飼料多給時の方が高い値を示した.一方ホルモン感受性リパーゼ活性は粗飼料給与時の方が高かった.これらの結果は,粗飼料給与時より濃厚飼料多給時の方が皮下脂肪組織への脂肪蓄積が増大することを裏付けているように思われる.肝臓における脂肪酸合成関連酵素の活性に対して飼料の変換による影響は観察されなかった.
Low-Frequency Ventilation May Facilitate Weaning in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Treated with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although extracorporeal membrane ventilation offers the possibility for low-frequency ventilation, protocols commonly used in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) vary largely. Whether strict adherence to low-frequency ventilation offers benefit on important outcome measures is poorly understood. Background/Objectives: This pilot clinical study investigated the efficacy of low-frequency ventilation on ventilator-free days (VFDs) in patients suffering from ARDS who were treated with ECMO therapy. Methods: In this single-center randomized controlled trial, 44 (70% male) successive ARDS patients treated with ECMO (aged 56 ± 12 years, SAPS III 64 (SD ± 14)) were randomly assigned 1:1 to the control group (conventional ventilation) or the treatment group (low-frequency ventilation during first 72 h on ECMO: respiratory rate 4–5/min; PEEP 14–16 cm H2O; plateau pressure 23–25 cm H2O, tidal volume: <4 mL/kg). The primary endpoint was VFDs at day 28 after starting ECMO treatment. The major secondary endpoint was ICU mortality, 28-day mortality and 90-day mortality. Results: Twenty-three (52%) patients were successfully weaned from ECMO and were discharged from the intensive care unit (ICU). Twelve patients in the treatment group and five patients in the control group showed more than one VFD at day 28 of ECMO treatment. VFDs were 3.0 (SD ± 5.5) days in the control group and 5.4 (SD ± 6) days in the treatment group (p = 0.117). Until day 28 of ECMO initiation, patients in the treatment group could be successfully weaned off of the ventilator more often (OR of 0.164 of 0 VFDs at day 28 after ECMO start; 95% CI 0.036–0.758; p = 0.021). ICU mortality did not differ significantly (36% in treatment group and 59% in control group; p = 0.227). Conclusions: Low-frequency ventilation is comparable to conventional protective ventilation in patients with ARDS who have been treated with ECMO. However, low-frequency ventilation may support weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation in patients suffering from ARDS and treated with ECMO therapy.
Steel Structures for Civil Works, General Considerations for Design and Rehabilitation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Design, repair, or rehabilitation of structural steel elements for civil works projects may require knowledge in a multitude of specialties such as allowable stresses, finite element analysis, material selection, buckling, welding, corrosion, and fatigue. This report provides additional background, guidance, and references in many of these specialty areas to enhance the capabilities of design engineers. This report contains general considerations for structural design and repair of hydraulic steel structures on Corps of Engineers' civil works projects. The types of structures covered by this report include gates of all types, bulkheads, trash racks, and appurtenances for these structures, such as embedments and bearings. The topics addressed in this report include material selection, minimum sizes, plate design requirements, connection design, welding, fabrication nondestructive testing methods, corrosion protection, and performance of hydraulic steel structures. Coverage of these topics is not comprehensive; it is more a collection of knowledge and experiences based on design and operation of Corps of Engineers projects. Allowable stress design, Fabrication, Material selection, Alloy elements,
Gypsum Boards Reinforced with Cotton Dust Fiber

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This research was aimed to study the production of gypsum boards mixed with cotton dust fiber for construction purposes. The cotton dust fiber 5, 10, 15, and 20% by weight was mixed with gypsum plaster and cast in the size 300 × 400 × 9 cubic millimeters. The water content was added 77 % by weight of the mixture. The ultimate strength, modulus of rupture, and weight of the gypsum board were investigated. The results showed that the ultimate strength and modulus of rupture of the gypsum boards without cotton dust fiber were 168.78 Newton and 3.66 Mega Pascal, respectively, which met the criteria for standard gypsum board under TIS 219-2524. However, the ultimate strength and modulus of rupture of the gypsum board mixed with cotton dust fiber were lower than the standard gypsum board. The weight of the gypsum board was decreased when the cotton dust fiber content was increased. It was found that the appropriate ratio of gypsum plaster and cotton dust was 90:10 incorporated with 6 wt. % PVA. The ultimate strength and modulus of rupture of the appropriate gypsum board were 135.31 N and 3.13 MPa, which was the criteria standard gypsum board products (TIS. 219-2524). The weight of the appropriate gypsum board was lighter than the gypsum board without cotton dust fiber addition about 289.75 grams (21 percent). Therefore the gypsum board mixed with cotton dust fiber could be developed for the construction, ceiling, and wall.
Permasalahan Sosial dalam Antologi Cerkak “Pulo Asu”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The author can isolate the un-ideal condition of a society in his view through literature. The goal is to open-mind the readers and make them touched by the conflict arise. The story of “Pulo Asu” contains various stories that are very easy to find in the community but are often ignored because they are considered ordinary tales. These stories contain social problems that are examined by descriptive methods with content analysis techniques. As a result, several social problems were raised by the author i.e. the problem of poverty, anti-critic leaders, the practice of KKN (corruption, collusion, nepotism), less critical of new cultures, stigma against late married women, stigma against inmates family, vigilante, belief in mysticism, psychiatric disorder people abuses, and stigma against adopted children.AbstrakPengarang dapat mengisolasi keadaan masyarakat yang tidak ideal menurut pandangannya melalui karya sastra. Tujuannya agar pembaca dapat terbuka matanya dan tergugah hatinya akan masalah tersebut. Cerita pada kumpulan cerita cekak “Pulo Asu” memuat berbagai kisah yang sangat mudah ditemui di masyarakat tetapi sering kali diabaikan karena dianggap umum. Kisah-kisah tersebut mengandung permasalahan sosial yang dikaji dengan metode deskriptif dengan teknik analisis isi. Hasilnya, ditemukan beberapa permasalahn sosial yang diangkat pengarang yaitu, masalah kemiskinan, pemimpin yang anti kritik, praktik KKN (korupsi, kolusi, nepotisme), kurang kritis terhadap budaya baru, stigma terhadap wanita yang terlambat menikah, stigma terhadap keluarga narapidana, perbuatan main hakim sendiri, kepercayaan terhadap mistik, perbuatan sewenang-wenang terhadap orang gila, dan stigma terhadap anak adopsi.
Simulation of the Sparrow Flight Vibration Environment

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Laboratory and captive flight experiments were performed using an instrumented Sparrow III missile to evaluate the relative merits of direct mechanical vibration and reverberant acoustic noise tests as techniques for simulating the Sparrow captive flight vibration environment. For the laboratory experiments, the mechanical vibration and acoustic noise excitations were applied in accordance with a common response-controlled test specification. The resulting missile vibration data were then standardized and compared with the vibration levels measured during captive flight to determine their similarity in terms of directional, spatial, and spectral distributions. The results indicate that the acoustic noise test simulated the captive flight vibration more accurately than did the mechanical vibration test. However, the accuracy of the simulation provided by the mechanical vibration excitation was not unacceptable for practical applications.</div>
Optimal treatment of young women with early breast cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this thesis, it has been shown that giving chemotherapy sequentially is better than giving the same three means simultaneously. When breast cancer is diagnosed, chemotherapy can be given before or after breast surgery. Women with a large ductal type of breast cancer who received chemotherapy before surgery and in whom the effect was assessed with an MRI scan were found to be more likely to undergo breast saving surgery. In addition, it has been shown that women aged 45 to 54 who appeared to have undergone chemotherapy after 2 to 3 years of treatment with tamoxifen still had a restoration of their ovarian function during the use of a subsequent hormone therapy (aromatase inhibitor). As a result, the production of the female sex hormone resumed, while this proved unfavourable for the risk of breast cancer recurrence. Since this research, treatment with an aromatase inhibitor has been discouraged worldwide in women who have entered menopause due to chemotherapy. In very young women, we saw that the ovarian function almost always recovered. In order to reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence, they are temporarily treated with additional medication. What is very positive, however, is that they can still become pregnant in a natural way if they wish to have children later on. Indeed, we saw that a quarter of the young women treated with chemotherapy for early stage breast cancer gave birth to a child within 5 years. Most pregnancies occurred spontaneously, without the use of frozen eggs or embryos prior to chemotherapy. With the data from this study, the treatment plan for young women diagnosed with breast cancer has been further improved.
Influence of Socioeconomic Factors and Nutritional Advice on Diet Quality in Women of Reproductive Age: A FIGO-DQS Assessment

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background/Objectives: Nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and practice are important ways of assuring a healthy pregnancy start, which can be shaped during the pre-pregnancy period by the intervention of healthcare providers. In this cross-sectional study, the main objective was to explore contextual determinants of diet quality in women of fertile age, including socioeconomic factors and sources of information. Methods: Data on socioeconomic background, sources of nutritional advice, and determinants of food choices were collected through an anonymous web-based questionnaire completed by 465 women. Diet quality was assessed with the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics diet quality score (FIGO-DQS). Results: Better food choices (OR = 1.73; 95% CI: 1.16–2.51), higher knowledge level (OR = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.119–2.466), and healthcare advice (OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.119–2.466) increased the chances of having a better diet. Both healthcare providers (β = 0.503, p = 0.018) and determinants of food choices (β = 0.520, p = 0.011) had a significant influence on the FIGO score, although the advice provided by the healthcare professionals did not yield a significant influence on the determinants of food choices (β = 0.310, p = 0.125); Conclusions: Knowledge had a mediator effect on the impact of healthcare guidance on nutrition practices, but it does not fully explain the adherence to healthy lifestyle choices.
THE PROBLEM OF LANGUAGE IN ENNODIUS OF PAVIA

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper analyses the metaliterary statements that pervade the oeuvre of Ennodius of Pavia ( a.d . 474–521) in order to reconstruct his underlying conception of language: its nature, power, function, limitations, and dangers. This new perspective provides a more nuanced insight into the paradoxical poetics of the author as well as his final renunciation to literature after his appointment as bishop of Pavia.
Design of A New Hexagonal Patch Antenna Array

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In satellite TV broadcasting, the general public's enthusiasm for this multimedia communication application is unprecedented, and demand is growing all the time. To meet this growing need for satellite reception, future generations of equipment will call for increasingly powerful yet discreet antennas. Our research focused on the design of a 2x1 planar antenna array with hexagonal-shaped patches operating in the Ku-band, basically at the frequency of 11.7 GHz. The original-shaped radiating element is designed using a methodical approach based on printed antenna theory and simulations.
USEFULNESS OF MICROSATELLITES FOR POSITIONING THE TUNISIAN ALMOND GERMPLASM IN ITS MEDITERRANEAN GEOGRAPHIC CONTEXT

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

PLANT MATERIAL82 almond genotypes most of them originated from Tunisia (50), the others included in the National collection were from France (9), Italy (7), Morocco (1), Spain (8), USA (3), or were of unknown origin (4).Leaves were sampled in early Summer and were immediately ground to a powder in liquid nitrogen before storage at -80°C. RESULTSThe majority of the Tunisian genotypes were clustered together but they showed several minor groups, which revealed their high heterogeneity (cluster A, Fig. 2).This is probably due to the traditional method of propagation of this species all over the country which was mainly done by seeds (openpollinated), until the more extensively use of grafting in the Mediterranean at the beginning of the 20th century (Grasselly and Crossa Raynaud 1980).In addition, the need of out-crossing of this species as self incompatible is assumed to be one of the main causes of the existing genetic diversity.The clear distinction between the majority of local cultivars from the central and Southern part and all of the other groups which was not previously demonstrated using RAPD (Gouta et al. 2008) is a proof of the higher discrimination power of SSRs compared to RAPD.In contrast to what has been observed in group A (Fig. 2), the local cultivars from Bizerte (north of Tunisia), were clustered in the group C with some European and all the North American cultivars.These last originated from material of the Languedoc region of France (Kester 1994).In fact, the position of this area in the extreme north of Tunisia probably favored the exchange of genotypes between both shores of the Mediterranean Sea (Fig. 3).The presence in group C of the two cultivars: 'Porto Farina' as was the old name of Ghar El Melh (a city in Bizerte) and 'Faggoussi' could be another fact in favor of this hypothesis.Moreover, the high bootstrap values observed in the sub cluster grouping cultivars from Bizerte (85% for 'Abiodh Ras Djebel' and 'Khoukhi' and 93% for 'Dillou' and 'Blanco') support the specificity of this site.