jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The removal of cyanide from aqueous solution by the use of ferrous sulphate

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The treatment of gold plant tailings with ferrous sulphate to remove the cyanide is currently in use in several gold plants. In some cases there is scope for optimizlng the process. The present work provides a detailed study of the reaction between cyanide and ferrous sulphate. Optimal conditions for the removal of total cyanide requires a pH of 5,5 to 6,5 and an Fe:CN molar ratio of 0,5. Ferrocyanide ion is shown to be unstable In aqueous acidic solution, with rapid oxidation to ferricyanide, (Fe(CN)3/6 ), and formation of Fe(CN)5H2O3-- at pH values below 4. The precipitate !rom the reaction between cyanide and ferrous sulphate consists mainly of insoluble Prusslan blue, Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3,and is shown to be unstable in the presence of alkaline solution, since it decomposes rapidly at pH values above I to form ferrocyanide, (Fe(CN)4/6), in solution and various insoluble iron oxides,
Determination of nutritional health indexes of fresh bovine milk using near infrared spectroscopy

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Bovine milk is one of the most complete foods that exist. During the last decades, milk FA have shown to improve human health due to the reduction in risk of cardiovascular disease and related pathologies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) reflectance analysis to predict the nutritional value, fatty acid (FA) composition, and health index of fresh milk from dairy cows of pastoral systems. The prediction of Atherogenicity and Thrombogenicity indexes, along with other FA ratios in fresh milk samples by NIRS were precise and accurate. In addition, the calibration model obtained by NIRS provides an opportunity for the routine quantification of milk’s healthy FA such as omega-3 and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), with applications in the dairy industry for food labeling, and at the farm level for management of the dairy cow’s diet.
Inheritance of immunoglobulin M rheumatoid-factor idiotypes.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The idiotypic determinants on IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) from a single family have been analyzed. Rabbit Fab'2 antiidiotypic antibody was prepared against purified IgM-RF from a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. As measured by radioimmunoassay, the antiidiotype reacted with at least 90% of the patient's RF, but not with non-RF immunoglobulins from the same serum, nor with 10 of 11 polyclonal and monoclonal RF from unrelated individuals. Cross-reacting idiotypes were detected on RF in four of the patients' first degree relatives, spanning three generations, without apparent relation of HLA type or clinical rheumatoid arthritis. These results suggest that IgM-RF associated idiotypes were inherited in this family.
Intraspecific/interspecific competition in sowed pasture and the stability of forage production

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Study on the intraspecific/interspecific competition is critically important for the research in the field of sowed pasture.For the mono-culture,the intraspecific competition mainly depends on the density.For the mixed sowed pasture,the process and result of competition are determined by the quantity,quality and distribution of the resources.The mixed pasture combined with 2 to 3 species is proper.The integrated practices should be conducted for sustained high productivity and the stability at 3 levels of plant community,animal community and sowed pasture ecosystem should be maintained for the stable production.
Evaluating the Effect of Infraorbital Region Taping Procedure on Patient Anxiety, Satisfaction, Edema, and Ecchymosis Level on Primary Septorhinoplasty

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the effect of infraorbital region taping on patients’ postoperative edema and ecchymosis, satisfaction levels, and anxiety during follow-up. Methods: A total of 64 patients who underwent septorhinoplasty were included in this randomized controlled prospective study. According to the randomization list, the taping group's (TG) infraorbital region was taped with adhesive strips. Others were included in the control group and were classified as the nontaping group. Two blinded physicians evaluated the degree of edema and ecchymosis according to the photographs of patients taken on the first, second, fifth, and seventh postoperative days. Patient's appearance satisfaction was evaluated for ecchymosis levels. State anxiety inventory (STAI-S) and trait anxiety inventory (STAI-T) were used to measure preoperative and postoperative anxiety levels of patients. Results: The degree of ecchymosis and edema were not significantly different except on the first day in the TG ( P = 0.01, P = 0.01, respectively). Significant increment was found in the TG on first, second, and fifth days based on the satisfaction levels of patients for their appearance ( P = 0.05, P = 0.03, P = 0.04, respectively). Preoperative STAI-S and STAI-T were similar for the groups ( P = 0.78, P = 0.17, respectively). However, postoperative STAI-S of the TG were significantly lower compared with those of the nontaping group except seventh day ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: Infraorbital taping did not decrease the edema and ecchymosis except on the first postoperative day. However, it had a significant ameliorating effect on patients’ anxiety and satisfaction levels.
Development and Validation of Column High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic and Derivative Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Levofloxacin and Ornidazole in Combined Dosage Forms

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract The manuscript describes validated reversed-phase column high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) and first-derivative UV spectrophotometric methods for the estimation of levofloxacin (LFX) and ornidazole (ORNI) in combined dosage forms. The RP-HPLC separation was achieved on a Phenomenex C18 column (250 mm 4.6 mm id, 5 m) using KH2PO4 buffer (pH 6.8)methanolacetonitrile (70 + 15 + 15, v/v/v) mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min and ambient temperature (25 2&lt;sup/&gt;C). Quantification was achieved with photodiode array detection at 295 nm over the concentration range of 110 g/mL for both LFX and ORNI, with mean recovery of 101.7 0.23 and 99.23 1.57, respectively, by the RP-HPLC method. The derivative spectrophotometric method was based on the determination of both the drugs at their respective zero crossing point (ZCP). The first-order derivative spectra were obtained at N =1 (scaling factor), = 2.0 nm (wavelength interval), and the determinations were made at 310 nm (ZCP of ORNI) for LFX and 295 nm (ZCP of LFX) for ORNI over the concentration range of 240 g/mL for both LFX and ORNI. Mean recovery was 99.46 0.96 and 100.9 0.72, respectively, by the first-derivative UV spectrophotometric method. Standard and sample solutions were prepared with methanol as the solvent in both of the methods. These methods were found to be simple, accurate, precise, and sensitive and were applicable for the simultaneous determination of LFX and ORNI in combined dosage forms.
Nanoparticle-Directed Targeting of Clustered PSGL-1 Mitigates Neutrophil-Derived Thrombosis in Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Multiorgan thromboses and subsequent organ failure are among the more devastating consequences of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS). APS poses a relatively unique risk to patients by virtue of its propensity to cause thrombi of both the arterial and venous vascular systems. While recent studies have explored mechanisms of thrombosis in singular vascular beds, there remains a dearth of targetable effectors of arteriovenous thrombosis in APS. Here, we examine the potential of neutrophils as key players of both arterial and venous thrombosis in APS. From this and previous studies, we have also identified a critical transcriptional regulator in neutrophils whose loss mimics arterial and venous thrombosis susceptibility seen in APS. This factor, Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2), is down regulated in APS patients as well as in cells treated with antiphospholipid antibody (APLA) ex vivo. Loss of KLF2 in neutrophils contributes to classic neutrophil activation phenotypes including NETosis, increased tissue factor release, and heightened chemotaxis; remarkably, blocking each of these functions greatly abrogates the thrombotic phenotype. Utilizing the myeloid KLF2 knockout (K2KO) system as a model for aberrant neutrophil activation seen in APS, we have identified clustering of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1) secondary to actin rearrangement to be operative in neutrophil-mediated thrombosis in arterial and venous systems. While neutralizing antibodies against PSGL-1 have been explored as therapeutic options in APS, there remains a challenge in establishing local specificity to activated immune cells in order to increase efficacy. To circumvent this, we have designed a nanoparticle (NP) based approach that utilizes NPs decorated with anti-PSGL-1 immunoglobulins to better target clustered PSGL-1 on activated neutrophils. PSGL-1 NPs are more effective at inhibiting neutrophil rolling and adhesion in in vitro assays while, incubating activated neutrophils in PSGL-1 NPs prior to infusion attenuates their ability to contribute to both arterial and venous thrombosis. Further, injection of PSGL-1 NPs directly into K2KO mice reduces their extensive thrombotic phenotype. Importantly, this effect occurs at a substantially lower dose of PSGL-1 NPs than that which would be needed of PSGL-1 antibody alone. Finally, PSGL-1 NPs greatly reduce thrombotic burden in mice injected with APLA, diminishing clotting in both arteries and veins. Together, this work identifies key molecular and cellular players in APLA-induced arteriovenous thrombosis. Furthermore, it provides early pre-clinical evidence at specifically targeting clustered PSGL-1 on neutrophils as a viable option in combatting thrombosis in this particularly vulnerable patient population. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Models of Food-Web Evolution

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract While it is often possible to model the nature of the dynamics with which constituents of a fixed network interact with each other, it is frequently much more difficult to specify the range and nature of the topologies and interaction strengths of possible networks. Here we argue, in the context of food webs, that it is necessary to go beyond simply studying dynamics on a network with a fixed number of constituents and fixed interaction strengths, and to couple this dynamics to processes connected with the construction of the network. This could include dynamics for the introduction and deletion of constituents and for the changing of interaction strengths, depending on the states of the local constituents. In the case of food webs, where the constituents are species and the interactions are predator-prey relationships, this involves going beyond conventional population dynamics to include mechanisms which allow for the introduction and extinction of species and changing of feeding preferences. We review a model of food-web evolution that we have been involved in developing over the last few years, which encapsulates this philosophy. We also discuss a variety of other models that have been put forward.
Financing of immunization programs

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Ensuring adequate funding to immunize all newborn children every year with the vaccines in the national schedule and new vaccines to be introduced requires considerable resources. This chapter provides an overview of the ways in which countries are currently financing both the vaccine and delivery components of their immunization programs from various sources including national and subnational government funding. The incorporation of vaccines and immunization within the basic benefits package of national health insurance is explored and country experiences discussed. Health taxes, the challenges of earmarking spending, and private, household, out-of-pocket spending for immunization are reviewed. The chapter concludes with a discussion on how budgetary space for immunization can be increased and the role of utilizing resources more efficiently particularly in countries with fiscal constraints.
Holocene Glacier Fluctuations in the Middle Canadian Rocky Mountains

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Holocene glacial advances in the Banff–Jasper–Yoho area of the Canadian Rocky Mountains have been extremely limited in extent. Limiting 14 C dates from two sites within 1 km of contemporary glaciers of fresh terminal moraines indicate that the late Wisconsin Ice Sheet and valley glaciers disappeared prior to 9660 yr B.P. Two subsequent glacial advances are recognized. The earlier Crowfoot Advance is represented by moraines and rock-glacier deposits overlain by Mazama ash (6600 yr B.P.) and is therefore early Holocene or possibly late Wisconsin in age. The late Neoglacial Cavell Advance of the last few centuries is dated by dendrochronology and lichenometry. In addition, there is fragmentary, undated evidence of intermediate-age advance(s), mainly from rock-glacier deposits. All these advances were of limited extent (1–2 km beyond present ice margins) and the Cavell Advance was usually the most extensive. Major exceptions to this pattern occur only where rock glaciers or extensive ice-cored moraines developed during the earlier advance(s?). These deposits were not overrun by glaciers during the Cavell Advance because of their relatively greater downvalley extent and the physical barrier they presented to subsequent glacial advances. Earlier work which postulated more extensive early Holocene advances in the Canadian Rocky Mountains is shown to have inadequate dating control: Many of the features previously attributed to older Holocene events are late Wisconsin in age.
The Super Flywheel: A Second Look

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The potentialities of the super flywheel are re-examined by two analysis techniques. The first technique utilizes a highly idealized model that permits one to easily see the basic physics of the problem; the second technique employs a more realistic model that provides detailed information about the super flywheel behavior. Both techniques demonstrate that the kinetic energy and the stresses are higher, at a given rotational speed, than classical analyses predict and that an inertio-elastic instability provides a theoretical upper limit to the rotational speed attainable by the super flywheel.
Guided data reduction for flow cytometry

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A statistical procedure for identifying subpopulations in large samples is discussed in the context of the analysis of flow cytometric data. The PINDEX algorithm is proposed for analyzing such multimodal data. PINDEX is a clustering algorithm which considers the covariance structure of clusters. When such an algorithm is run in a brute force manner, the number of runs required for convergence may involve computation which, for large samples, is prohibitive. A solution to this problem using starting centroids chosen by an expert system is proposed. Sample runs were made using data sets for lymphoid cells; these data sets are of modest dimensionality and contain four subpopulations. The results demonstrate that substantive economy of processing can be achieved by having the expert system provide start-up cluster centroids close to the final coordinates.< >
Weak Measurements of the Dipolar Emitter Polarization State

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate polarization singularities (C points) in the far-field of an elliptically polarized dipole. For an almost linear dipole moment, four singularities occur along directions almost aligned with the dipole moment axis - in the null intensity region. Under certain assumptions measuring two of the C points is enough to fully characterize the dipole's polarization state. We experimentally resolve these C points via weak measurement far-field polarization projection. We propose practical applications for the fundamental study of dipolar emitters in general and position sensing in particular.
Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas syringae Pathovar Syringae Strain FF5, Causal Agent of Stem Tip Dieback Disease on Ornamental Pear

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas syringae FF5 causes stem tip dieback disease on ornamental pear ( Pyrus calleryana ). Its genome encodes a complete type III secretion system (T3SS) and HopAC1, HopM1, AvrE1, HopI1, HopAA1, HopJ1, HopAH2, HopAH1, HopAG1, and HopAZ1. Lacking detectable homologues of other T3SS effectors, it may encode novel, undiscovered effectors.
Wrapper-based Feature Learning Method used for Alzheimer's disease Identification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a wrapper-based feature learning method is presented for Alzheimer's disease (AD) identification. First, with the extracted features, the feature importance of AD and Healthy Controls (HC) is ranked from high to low according to sensitivity and specificity of classification. Second, the AD and HC feature subsets are formed using forward incremental feature selection method. Finally, the weighted classification method is used to weight the probability estimates of AD and HC to obtain the final classification performance. Experimental results show that the wrapper-based feature learning method can select most important feature parameters or featured region of interests (ROIs) of brain compared with other feature selection methods. The proposed method will be useful in finding featured ROIs of brain that most related to AD identification, which can further improve the AD identification performance.
Surveillance of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci in A Stem Cell Transplantation Unit

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

During one year period between February 2003 and April 2004, rectal surveillance for vancomycin resistant enterococci is performed in 52 patients hospitalized in stem cell transplantation unit of Ankara University Faculty of Medicine Haematology Department. Rectal swab cultures sent to clinical microbiology laboratory on 1st, 4th and 7th days of hospitalization and each week during their stay. Rectal swabs were cultured using antibiotic containing enterococcosel agar and inspected for 72 hours. 82.7% of the patients had a history of antibiotic use with cephalosporins in 63.5% (mean duration 5.9 days) and glycopeptides in 55.8% (mean duration 8.2 days). The mean duration time for hospitalization was 33.7 days. None of the cultures revealed vancomycin resistant enterococci. Routine surveillance of vancomycin resistant enterococci is not found to be necessary in the stem cell transplantation unit of our hospital.
Time-varying Correlations between JSE.JO Stock Market and its Partners Using Symmetric DCC Models

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The extent of correlation or co-movement among the returns of developed and/or emerging stock markets remains pivotal for efficiently diversifying global portfolios. This correlation is prone to variation over time as a consequence of escalating economic interdependence fostered by international trade and financial markets. In this study, we analyzed the time-varying correlation and co-movement between the JSE.JO stock market of South Africa and its developed and developing stock market partners. The Dynamic Conditional Correlation - Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (DCC-EGARCH) methodology is employed with different multivariate distributions to explore the time-varying correlation and volatilities between the JSE.JO stock market and its partners. Based on the conditional correlation results, the JSE.JO stock market is integrated and co-moves with its partners, and the conditional correlation for all markets exhibit time-variant behavior. The conditional volatility results show that the JSE.JO stock market behaves differently from other markets, especially after 2015, indicating a positive sign for investors to diversify between JSE.JO and its partners. The highest value of conditional volatility for markets was in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, representing the riskiest period that investors should avoid due to the lack of diversification opportunities during crises.
Experimental study in the protective effects of Ciwuja injection on intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective:The purpose of this study was to assess the protective effect of ciwuja(CWJ) injection on intestinal ischemia reperfusion (IIR) injury in rats by developing a model of SMA ischemia reperfusion(IR).Methods:Fourty healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham-operated(Group A),ischemia reperfusion(IR)(Group B),IR+NS(Group C) and IR+Ciwuja(CWJ)(Group D).The later two groups were injected with NS and CWJ through vein.shortly after the experiments were finished,the intestinal mucosal injury degree was observed and pathological evaluation was made,and the superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities and malondiadehyde(MDA) content in the intestinal tissues were detected,respectively;the plasma NO~(2-)/NO~(3-) and D-lactate levels were measured.Results:The SOD activities were higher(P0.05),MDA content was significantly lowered in the intestinal tissue(P0.01);the plasma NO~(2-)/NO~(3-) content was higher(P0.05),D-lactate content was significantly lowered(P0.01);the intestinal mucosal injury degree was significantly alleviated((P0.01)) in the D group than those in Groups B and C.The pathology score of intestinal mucosal injury was negatively related to the NO~(2-)/NO~(3-) content and OD activities,but was positively related to the D-lactate content.Conclusion:The CWJ-treated group has some protective effects on rat intestinal IR injury.The mechanism may be related to cleaning free oxygen radicals to inhibit lipid peroxidation and protect intestinal mucosal epithelial cells.
[Problems in the treatment of early cancer in major organs--thyroid cancer].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In order to establish the concept of early carcinoma of the thyroid and the operative method, 97 patients with cancer of the thyroid measuring less than 1cm in maximum diameter were studied from among 939 patients with thyroid cancer treated at the Second Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, between 1953 and 1984. After excluding occult carcinoma, minimal carcinomas measuring less than 0.5 cm almost never showed metastases to lymph nodes or distant sites, being therefore, equipped with conditions required for early cancer. Since the detection of minimal carcinomas measuring less than 0.5 cm is difficult, however, problems arise as to its clinical application. The prognosis of minimal carcinomas measuring less than 1cm, on the other hand, showed no remarkable difference from that of carcinomas measuring less than 0.5 cm. At present, consequently, minimal carcinomas measuring less than 1cm after exclusion of occult carcinoma may be classified as early carcinoma. No removal of regional lymph nodes is required for carcinoma measuring less than 0.5 cm in the operative procedure. For minimal carcinomas measuring between 0.5 and 1.0 cm, it is necessary to perform modified neck dissection. Strict follow-up observation is necessary for cancers under the histopathological diagnosis of encapsulated type (invasive type) or infiltrative type.