jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Forty Years after the War of June 1967

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

On 5 June 2007, the fortieth anniversary of the Six Day War and the Israelioccupation of Palestine, the Kay Spiritual Life Center hosted “Forty Yearsafter the War of June 1967: Is Israeli-Palestinian Peace Possible?” on thecampus of American University in Washington, DC. This panel featuredYuval Rabin (son of former Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin; governing board,the Rabin Center), Amjad Atallah (president, Strategic Assessments Initiative),Aaron David Miller (public policy scholar, the Woodrow WilsonCenter), and Ziad Asali (president, American Task Force on Palestine; panelchair).Rabin opened by describing the Six Day War as “a war of our existence.”He discussed the importance of the Camp David, Oslo, and other negotiationsand then talked about Israel’s 1967 victory. After stating that both sidesin this continued conflict have faced hardship, he also mentioned the lack ofknowledge involving certain issues.Atallah explained how Americans are bogged down with this conflict’stechnicalities, such as the number of checkpoints, which causes them to neglectthe bigger picture. He pointed out that on 29 November 1947, the UnitedNations General Assembly passed a resolution (33 to 13) recommending thatPalestine be partitioned into two states, with over half of the land going to theJews and the rest going to the Palestinians. By May 1948, according to theUnited Nations and the State Department, 350,000 Palestinians had beenexpelled from their homes. The Arab states declared war on Israel and, outnumberedand under-equipped, 400,000 more Palestinians were expelled. Atthe time, the Israelis accepted partition and the Arabs rejected the plan. Heexplained that the Israelis rushed to the Sinai Peninsula and the Jordan riverand fully understood the rules of diplomacy. This resulted in Jordan takingover what is now the West Bank. In the course of the Six Day War, another600,000 Palestinians were displaced, some for the second time ...
Ageless Love Aging Fleets: A User's View

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Today around the world there is great interest in old fleet and in aging aircraft The reason for this is due mainly to budget constraints but also to other reasons as safety, and environmental laws. Interesting is to note that today one of the more sparkling area In aerospace industry is related to the MRO activities. But this type of industry requires today and much more in the future the setting of rules and the development of a huge know-how, as well the a/c manufacturer which will introduce as design parameter the "age" and not only the flight cycles or flight hours, as it is today, during the design phase.
A Minor‐Merger Interpretation for NGC 1097’s “Jets”

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We have conducted a deep search for neutral hydrogen gas associated with the faint optical "jets" of NGC 1097 using the Very Large Array. Measurable H I would have been expected if the jets were tidal in origin given their moderately blue optical and near-infrared colors. The jets are free of H I emission to a limiting surface density (Σ) of 0.06 M☉ pc-2 (3 σ) over a 1102 km s-1 velocity range. We also rule out extended H I emission down to 0.02 M☉ pc-2 (3 σ, ΔV = 45 km s-1) within a 4' FWHM aperture centered on the right-angle turn in jet R1. We have detected an H I source [M = (5.1 ± 1.0) × 106 M☉] coincident with a small edge-on spiral or irregular galaxy (NGC 1097B) 12' southwest of NGC 1097, situated between two jets. Two other ~106 M☉ H I point sources in the field are considered marginal detections. Neither are associated with the optical jets.
Isometrically Resolved Reflection-Mode In Vivo Photoacoustic Microscopy Enabled by an Integrated Ultrasonic-Optical Sensor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Photoacoustic microscopy often faces challenges in direct measurement of broadband photoacoustic waves due to the use of narrow-bandwidth and optical opaque ultrasonic transducers, which compromises the depth localization accuracy in photoacoustic volumetric imaging. To overcome these challenges, we propose an Integrated Ultrasonic-Optical Sensor (IUOS) that seamlessly integrates excitation laser transmission and ultrasonic detection within a single device. Employing a nearly common-path Michelson interferometer configuration, the IUOS transduces photoacoustic pressure transients into time-varying polarization states of the reflected beam, achieving an impressive sensitivity of approximately 127 Pa over a broad bandwidth of 158 MHz at -6 dB. Furthermore, the sensor allows nearly lossless transmission for the excitation laser at a wavelength of 532 nm. When integrated into an optical-resolution photoacoustic microscope (OR-PAM), it allows for reflection-mode volumetric imaging with enhanced axial resolution. Notably, the sensor has successfully achieved label-free volumetric visualization of zebrafish in vivo with greatly improved depth localization accuracy, highlighting its considerable potential to advance biomedical photoacoustic research.
Stabilizing quantum simulations of lattice gauge theories by dissipation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Simulations of lattice gauge theories on noisy quantum hardware inherently suffer from violations of the gauge symmetry due to coherent and incoherent errors of the underlying physical system that implements the simulation. These gauge violations cause the simulations to become unphysical requiring the result of the simulation to be discarded. We investigate an active correction scheme that relies on detecting gauge violations locally and subsequently correcting them by dissipatively driving the system back into the physical gauge sector. We show that the correction scheme not only ensures the protection of the gauge symmetry, but it also leads to a longer validity of the simulation results even within the gauge-invariant sector. Finally, we discuss further applications of the scheme such as preparation of the many-body ground state of the simulated system.
Anesthesia in Infants and Young Children for Major Surgical Procedures

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

THE CONSIDERATION of anesthesia for infants and young children implies a knowledge of some of the basic physiologic factors peculiar to this age group. There seems little doubt, for example, that the tiny infant is less sensitive to painful stimuli than the adult. For this reason lesser amounts of narcotizing drugs are required to produce favorable conditions for the surgeon. Likewise special thought must be devoted to the small respiratory tidal exchange in the young child. Ways and means must be found of maintaining good oxygenation during anesthesia while at the same time preventing accumulation of noxious carbon dioxide. Contemplation of the relatively weak respiratory musculature provokes plans of how the resistance in the anesthetic circuit can be reduced and initiates methods of actually assisting the respirations so as to lessen the burden on the child during the operative period. The delicacy of the metabolic equilibrium in the child is
Evaluation of some formulated diets for rearing the post-larvae of Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Macrobrachium rosenbergii post-larvae with an average weight of 6.26 ± 0.23 mg and an average length of 10.67 ± 0.13 mm were fed with one of the five experimental diets having graded levels of lipid (5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5 and 15.0%) to satiation two times a day to study their effect on growth, survival and feed utilisation. The highest weight gain was observed in post-larvae fed 7.5% lipid, although there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between groups fed 7.5 and 10.0% lipid. Similar effect was observed in the specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio of post-larvae fed the diet with 7.5 and 10.0% lipid. The lowest feed conversion ratio was obtained in postlarvae fed the diet with 7.5% lipid. The survival rates of post-larvae fed on various levels of dietary lipid differed significantly (p<0.05) after 15 days of rearing period. Significantly lower survival was observed in the diet with 15.0% lipid level. Dietary lipid did not significantly affect prawn carcass protein, lipid and ash contents. Based on the data analysis (ANOVA – one way analysis), the dietary lipid requirement for 15 days of nursery rearing of Macrobrachium rosenbergii post-larvae was estimated to be 7.5 to 10.0% under experimental conditions in this study.
Effect of High Temperature Calcination on the Phase Compositions of Nanocrystalline Zirconia Powder and Coating

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this study, agglomerated nanocrystalline ZrO2--Y2O3 powder was calcinated from 900 to 1300 °C for 2 h. The calcinated nanopowder was used as feedstock and deposited by air plasma spraying on a NiCoCr bond coat applied to a nickel substrate via low pressure plasma spraying. For comparison, conventional ZrO2-Y2O3 topcoats were also produced. Nanostructured and conventional thermal barrier coatings were calcinated from 1050 to 1250 °C for 2-20 h. Experimental results indicate that monoclinic tetragonal phases in the agglomerated nanopowder were transformed into cubic phase after calcination. The cubic phase content increased with increasing calcination temperature. High temperature calcination can make the yttria segregated at grain boundaries dissolve in zirconia. Different from the phase constituent of the as-sprayed conventional TBC, which consisted of diffusionless transformed tetragonal, the as-sprayed nanostructured TBC consisted of cubic phase containing high yttria. No phase transformations were observed in either TBC after calcination.
Analysis of the Temporal Variability of Positive Degree Day Factors

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The surface mass balance determines the growth or decay of an ice sheet, by taking the difference between accumulation and ablation. In this thesis snow and ice ablation is related to 2m-temperature through the positive degree day method. The positive degree day method takes into account the ablation rate of snow and ice and the number of measurements with temperature above freezing level in order to compute the proportionality constant between the two. Positive degree day factors for snow and ice are computed using data obtained from EC-Earth model simulations. The factors are computed for the present day climate and the Eemian in order to exploit their variability. The results demonstrate positive degree day factors to be visibly variating with the climate.
Efficacy of treatment with glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists-1 in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND. The projected 68% increase in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) in the upcoming decades and the specific pathophysiological course of the disease are critical factors for the development of optimal disease management tactics in the Asian population. It is now known that β-cell dysfunction is dominant in the pathogenesis of T2D in Asians. In a number of Asian countries, incretin therapy is the leading therapy. AIM. To review literature on glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion and clinical trial results of GLP-1 receptor agonist class (GLP-1RA) drugs as well as to evaluate their effectiveness in Asian population with T2D. MATERIALS AND METHODS . A review of studies on pathophysiological aspects of GLP-1 secretion and evaluation of the efficacy of therapy with GLP-1RA preparations registered and used in clinical practice in Asian regions. RESULTS. Several studies in Asian countries have shown that intact GLP-1 levels were significantly lower in both T2D patients and healthy Japanese volunteers; as well as in patients with impaired glucose tolerance. It is suggested that either impaired secretion of GLP-1 in the gut, accelerated processing by dipeptidyl peptidase-4, or a combination of both are responsible for the decrease in GLP-1. The greater efficacy of GLP-1RA treatment in achieving glycemic control in Asian T2D patients was presented by Kim Y.G. et al. in a meta-analysis of 15 randomised controlled trials, the reduction in HbA 1c on GLP-1RA treatment averaged -1.16% in Asian-dominated studies and -0.83% in non-Asian-dominated studies. In the PIONEER 9 clinical programme, similar results were obtained, with oral semaglutide having a more pronounced effect on glycaemic control in Japanese patients. Thus, the mean change in HbA 1c was -1.1%, 7 mg -1.5%, and 14 mg -1.7% at the 3 mg dose; whereas in the PIONEER 1 study in the global population, the mean change in HbA 1c was -0.6%, -0.9% and -1.1% for 3, 7, 14 mg semaglutide, respectively. The PIONEER 10 study concluded that oral semaglutide was well tolerated by Japanese patients with T2D. Oral semaglutide reduced HbA1c (14 mg dose) and body weight (7 and 14 mg doses) more significantly compared to dulaglutide at 0.75 mg dose. Results of a pooled analysis of long-acting GLP-1RA showed a more significant reduction in cardiovascular event risk in the Asian subpopulation. CONCLUSION. The presented review describes benefits in glycemic control as well as in the reduction of relative cardiovascular event risks with GLP-1RA treatment in the Asian population, which requires further in-depth research and implies optimal management tactics in patients with T2DM.
“American business can assist [African] hands:” the Kennedy administration, US corporations, and the cold war struggle for Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

While there has been significant historical interest in President Kennedy’s approach to Africa, historians have not considered in-depth how American economic aid to Africa became tied to the expansion of US business involvement on the subcontinent. A close examination of these issues reveals that the Kennedy administration saw the US Agency for International Development (USAID)’s economic aid programs as a critical mechanism for the resolution of America’s balance of export payments problems, and that Kennedy administration officials worked assiduously to bring American corporate interests to bear on questions of African economic development. This essay argues that the Kennedy administration promoted and fostered an environment that encouraged increased American business investment in Africa. This contention emerges from an analysis of the evolution of Kennedy’s views on Africa, including his support for African nationalist aspirations and for economic development and education, and their impact on administration policy. We examine sources from the Kennedy administration and from the papers of G. Mennen Williams, Kennedy’s Undersecretary of State for Africa and in so doing, we argue that the Kennedy administration fostered an approach to sub-Saharan African economic development that forged a robust relationship between government aid and American business investment. The Kennedy administration’s embrace of the principles of free enterprise heralded a major shift in US relations with Africa. This point is further underscored by our examination of the significant growth of US-headquartered multinational corporations’ investments in Africa during and immediately following Kennedy’s presidency.
A Review on Automatic Cephalometric Landmark Identification Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Accurate identification of landmarks from lateral cephalograms plays an important role in cephalometric analysis. Cephalometrics helps orthodontists, dentists, and maxillofacial surgeons to figure out the anatomical abnormalities and thereby provides optimal treatment planning. As the manual marking procedures are measurement error prone and consumes time, a grand challenge is organized by IEEE to automate the detection of landmarks from cephalometric radiographs in the International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI) 2014 and 2015. This paper presents a review and comparison for various Artificial Intelligence Techniques proposed to automate cephalometric landmark identification from x-ray images.
DEVELOPMENT OF SOFTWARE FOR SWINE WELFARE ASSESSMENT USING ANIMAL VOCALIZATION

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Pork export in Brazil represents 625 thousand tons/year (ABIPECS, 2005) and it is animportant item in the countys agribusiness. Lately Brazilian swine production has beenstrongly impacted by the new consumer market demand regarding welfare norms andstandards. The analysis of animal vocalization allows the interpretation of welfare pattern in anon-invasive way, and it may be used for both identify the animal and to assess welfare issue aswell as health status and social adaptation. This paper exposes partial results of a project withthe objective to develop an expert system to register and analyze distinct sounds emitted byswine in different growing stages correlating it with levels of stress, for assessment andcontrolling decision making process. The software was developed sing Delphi5. Through thecomponent UwaveIn the PC hardware registered the signal converting them into bytes. UsingFourier Tranform it was possible to describe the sound spectrum and transform it intofrequency and intensity. Validation of the software was done in a commercial swine farm usinganimal from growing phase. Results showed that it was possible to make decision as far asenvironmental control is concerned, based on the sound level recorded.
Energy storage technology markets and application&#x2019;s: ultracapacitors in combination with lithium-ion

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Ultracapacitors are becoming widely accepted in the energy storage industry in both standalone and in combination with batteries. Standalone applications, once niche, are now rapidly expanding as the technical and economic benefits of this power dense component become more widely understood. Combination examples continue to proliferate, primarily in battery electric and hybrid electric commercial transportation segments such as transit buses and trains. The ultracapacitor offers a fast energy buffer to advanced chemistry energy reservoirs such as nickel metal hydride and lithium batteries and offer an opportunity for truly energy optimized battery systems. This presentation will discuss trends in energy storage systems, advanced chemistry batteries such as nickel-hydrogen and lithium-ion and why such components would benefit from working in combination with carbon capacitors. The presentation will focus on the strengths and weakness of each technology and why the active parallel combination of ultracapacitor plus electronic converter with the lithium-ion battery is a complimentary and synergistic alternative.
Anaemia in the sow: a cohort study to assess factors with an impact on haemoglobin concentration, and the influence of haemoglobin concentration on the reproductive performance

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to conduct a descriptive study of haemoglobin concentration found on high‐prolificacy sows, to study the relationship between the concentration of haemoglobin and body reserves, and to determine whether anaemia is a risk factor for reproductive performance. A cohort of 308 sows from seven farms was followed from the last third of gestation to the confirmation of the following gestation. Haemoglobin concentration was assessed at four stages of the reproductive cycle: seven and four weeks before farrowing, a few days and three weeks after farrowing. Backfat thickness (BFT) was measured at parturition. The results were analysed using linear mixed‐effect models. The mean haemoglobin concentration was 108.4 g/l. The mean modellised haemoglobin concentration of parity 1 sows with a BFT of 16 mm, sampled seven weeks before farrowing, was 118 g/l. Haemoglobin concentration of sows of parity 6 or higher was 8.0 g/l lower than those of parity 1 sows (95% confidence interval −11.0 to −5.1). Haemoglobin concentration is lower in sows with a lower BFT, whatever parity rank. There is no evidence of a relation between haemoglobin concentration and the number of total born, stillborn or number of piglets alive at three weeks and the next breeding performance.
Witness's AIDS diagnosis seen as probative to alibi.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A Virginia Beach Circuit Court jury found [name removed] W. [Name removed] guilty on two counts of robbing a convenience store and three counts of possessing a firearm. During the cross examination, [name removed]'s alibi witness and gay lover disclosed that he has AIDS. On appeal, [name removed] argued that the trial judge erred in letting jurors hear testimony related to homosexuality and AIDS because the statements were irrelevant and prejudicial. The Virginia Court of Appeals rejected [name removed]'s appeal and his argument that he be tried separately for each charge.
Cytotoxicity of the herbicide basalin (fluchloralin) in helianthus and linum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The herbicide Basalin [Fluchloralin: N‐propyl‐N (2 chloroethyl) ‐2,6—dinitro‐n‐trifluoromethyl aniline] was found to reduce the germination percentage in both Helianthus annuus L. and Linum usitatissimum L.. Treatment with Basalin also decreased the mitotic index and increased the total chromosomal abnormalities in these crops. Chromosomal abnormalities arising due to mitotic spindle disruption were commonly observed.
A synthesis of 2,4-dihydroxyisoflavans and 2-Hydroxyisoflav-3-enes: Versatile precursors to isoflavanoids

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A new synthesis of isoflavanoids has been developed by treatment of a salicylaldehyde with an arylglycidate salt. Reaction conditions have been found so that this condensation yields either a 2,4-dihydroxyisoflavan or a 2-hydroxyisoflav-3-ene. A 2-hydroxyisoflav-3-ene such as (8a) can then be converted into the isoflavylium salt (9b), isoflavan (11b), 2-hydroxyisoflavan (11a), isoflav-2-ene (13) or isoflav-3-ene (10d). Similarly, the 2-aminoisoflav-3-ene derivative (10f) can be obtained from (8d). The reaction of isoflavylium salts or (8a) with 3-mercaptopropionic acid gives isoflav-3-ene derivatives (15) potentially useful as haptens for conjugation with suitable macromolecules for the generation of antibodies.
A spontaneous renal subcapsular hematoma case due to uncontrolled hipertension and anticoagulant therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Spontan subkapsuler hematom anatomik kapsule sahip organlarda cok nadir olarak izlenen bir patolojidir. Bobrek de subkapsuler kanamanin gozlenebilecegi anatomik yapilardan birisidir ve hastada klinik olarak hicbir semptom gorulmeyecegi gibi hayati tehdit edebilen kanama tablosu ile de karsimiza cikabilir. Tani asamasinda cok fazla tartisma yasanmazken tedavi asamasinda farkli gorusler savunulmaktadir. Altta yatan etyolojiye ve hastanin co-morbid durumuna gore tedavi plani cesitlilik gostermektedir. Konservatif yaklasim, kapsulotomi, perkutan drenaj ve nefrektomi gibi farkli tedavi planlari uygulanabilir. Seksen dort yasinda antikoagulan kullanma oykusu olan hipertansif atak nedeni ile acil servise basvuran, goruntuleme yontemleri ile renal subkapsuler hematom tanisi konan kadin hastanin konservatif yaklasim ile degerlendirilmesi literatur esliginde sunulmustur.