jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abstract TP367: Role of STAT1 and type I interferon signaling in ischemic preconditioning-induced microglial responses

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background: Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is a robust protective phenomenon in which a brief ischemic exposure confers tolerance against a subsequent prolonged ischemic challenge. Elucidating the mechanisms of IPC is a critical challenge in the stroke field. Innate immune pathways, particularly type I interferon (IFN) signaling, in microglia are critical in establishing protection in both grey and white matter. Our previous studies demonstrated that type I IFN receptor (IFNAR1) in microglia is required for both IPC-induced axonal protection and interferon stimulated gene (ISG) expression. We also showed that exposure of primary microglia to either IFN-beta or ischemia/reperfusion-like conditions results in phosphorylation of STAT1, a key signaling kinase downstream of IFNAR1. Therefore, we hypothesized that STAT1 is a critical mediator of the microglial response to IPC. Here we report the impact of systemic STAT1 knock-out on microglial responses after IPC. Methods: We performed a transient (15 min) middle cerebral artery occlusion on 4 wild-type (WT) and 4 Stat1 -/- mice and collected tissue 72 hours later. We processed tissue for single nucleus RNA-sequencing using 10X Genomics kits. We captured ~10,000 nuclei per sample and sequenced at a depth of 25,000 reads. We performed comparative analysis between ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres to identify focal changes in microglial subpopulations and gene expression due to IPC. We performed immunofluorescent microscopy and quantitative stereology to validate IPC-induced changes in microglial number/morphology and expression of ISG protein products such as IFITM3. Results: We describe global in vivo transcriptomic changes in microglial subpopulations after IPC and found that STAT1-deficiency alters both the distribution of microglial subpopulations and cluster-specific transcriptional profiles. We identify and define an interferon responsive microglial cluster induced by IPC that is dependent on STAT1. We also provide data demonstrating how ischemia/reperfusion and innate immune signaling affect STAT1 phosphorylation signaling dynamics in microglia in vitro. We show that phosphorylation is dependent on both Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and IFNAR1. Conclusions: Our results support a central role for STAT1 in mediating microglial phenotype in vivo following IPC. Our findings indicate that STAT1 is an important regulator of microglial type I IFN signaling in the context of ischemia.
Mode of Action and Metabolism of Diquat and Paraquat

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

and Summary. In short-term studies, diquat (6,7-dihydro- dipyrido(l,2-a:2',1-c) pyrazidiinium salt) and paraquat (l,l'-di- methyl-4,4'-dipyridinium salt) caused a stimulation in respiration and an inhibition in photosynthesis of duckweed (Lemna minor L.). Atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) and monuron (3-(p-chlorophenyl)-1,l-dimethylurea) caused inhibition of the Hill reaction at rates lower (10-M) than diquat and paraquat (10-5M), and diquat was considerably more effective than paraquat. The effect of a combination of monuron and diquat on 02 pro- duction was additive. Inhibition of the Hill reaction by these dipyridyliums was directly related to their redox potentials. Auto- radiographs of chromatograms and electrochromatograms as well as CO2 studies indicated that neither diquat nor paraquat was degraded in alligatorweed (Alternanthera philoxeriodes (Mart.) Griseb.) and garden, or snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Black Valentine).
SURG-28. PRESENTATION OF A POSTERIOR FOSSA TUMOR AT A HOSPITAL IN WESTERN JAMAICA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The posterior cranial fossa is part of the cranial cavity, located between the foramen magnum and tentorium cerebelli that houses the cerebellum, pons and medulla oblongata. Commonly, tumors arising from this region in adults are cerebellar metastases or schwannomas of the vestibular nerve – the incidence of primary neoplasms is uncommon and more reserved for the pediatric population. A 28 year old female was in her usual state of health until last year when she started experiencing recurrent headaches with associated vomiting and intermittent loss of consciousness. A CT brain was done upon presentation to the hospital that revealed a 4th ventricle mass with obstructive hydrocephalus. A ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt was done thereafter to decompress the ventricular system, in anticipation for further surgical intervention for mass. Occipital craniotomy and resection of tumor was done and patient managed in a multidisciplinary manner in the intensive care unit. Post-operative course was marked by occipital pseudomeningocele with an associated CSF leak; a lumbar drain was placed in situ until complete resolution of leak. Histological analysis showed WHO Grade II Astrocytoma. Adult primary posterior fossa tumors are rare and can present with a constellation of symptoms. Although patient presented with findings in keeping with the diagnosis of an ependymoma, close clinical follow up will be required henceforth due to the refractory nature of such a low grade astrocytoma post-resection. Radiotherapy can also be considered in further management of case.
The influence of juggling on mental rotation performance in children

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The influence of juggling on mental rotation performance in children Study aim: To assess the influence of juggling training on mental rotation performance in children. Material and methods: Two groups of girls aged 6 - 14 years were studied: experimental (EG; n = 26) and control (CG; n = 24). All girls solved a mental rotation task with 3-D block figures on computer screen (pre-test). After the initial test, EG girls participated in juggling training for 3 months; the CG girls participated in light strength training with theraband stretch bands. After 3 months, all girls solved the mental rotation task again (post-test). The post-pre differences in the mental rotation performance were recorded. Results: Children who learned juggling performed the mental rotation task significantly (p<0.05 - 0.01) faster, in terms of reaction time, at non-zero angular disparity than their mates who were strength-trained. Conclusions: Since mental rotation skills enhance spatial imagination, problem solving and mathematical skills, it may be assumed that juggling training enhances also other cognitive domains and is worth implementing in the education process.
Tissue Distribution of Suvorexant in Three Forensic Autopsy Cases

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Suvorexant (Belsomra®) is a relatively new insomnia medication that has been available in USA and Japan since 2014. It is a dual orexin receptor antagonist that promotes sleep by inhibiting the binding of orexin neurons to the OX1R and OX2R receptors. In this report, we describe the detection and quantitation of suvorexant from the postmortem specimens of three separate autopsy cases handled by our department. Suvorexant was identified by fast gas chromatography/mass spectrometry during routine screening, and quantitated by a fully validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy method. Quantitation was achieved by positive electrospray ionization in the selected reaction monitoring mode. Monitored transitions were m/z 451 > 186 for quantitation and m/z 451 > 104 for qualification. To our knowledge, this is the first instance of suvorexant being quantitated from actual autopsy cases. It is likely that this compound will be encountered more often by the forensic toxicology community going forward.
Rapid Synthesis of Diketopiperazine Macroarrays

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Rapid generation of diketopiperazine libraries was achieved. Thus, Ugi four-component reactions (Ugi 4CRs) of the supported amine building block 1 with aldehydes, 1-iso­cyanocyclohexene, and N-Fmoc amino acids in H2O gave the Ugi products 2. Methyl esters 3 were formed by microwave (MW)-assisted methanolysis of 2. Deprotection from the N-Fmoc group and subsequent cyclization provided the supported piperazines 4 cleanly. After capping unreacted amines with acetic anhydride, photo-cleavage from the support gave the desired piperazines 5 with high purity (up to 91% purity).
Health behavior tracking via mobile games: A case study among school-aged children

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Mobile devices are increasingly being used, in various ways, to collect data and are also increasingly related to individuals’ health behaviors. Because of the paucity of available data about the process of mobile data collection in tracking daily health behaviors among children, we designed this pilot study to determine the possibilities and the enhancing and inhibiting factors of a continuous data collection process using a mobile game. Twenty 10–12-year-old school children from two schools participated in the study. We asked the participants to play a game that recorded their health-related behaviors for seven consecutive days, answering 14–16 questions daily. The questions related to children’s eating habits, hygiene habits, hobbies and activities, networks, media use and devices, and sleep. In this article, we describe and discuss the process of data collection with its advances and challenges, including the planning and preparation of the survey according to its content and technicalities, training the pupils and their teacher to use the device and the health game, implementing the survey, and concluding the process. Additionally, we present viewpoints on educating children using collective health data.
Occurrence of potato wart disease (Synchytrium endobioticum) in Bulgaria: identification of pathotype(s) present

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Potato wart disease caused by Synchytrium endobioticum was detected for the first time in Bulgaria in 2004. Laboratory tests, pot tests and field tests were carried out to determine which pathotype is present, specifically in Prodanovtsi near the town of Samokov. In addition, potato cultivars were tested for levels of resistance, in order to be used in buffer zones surrounding infested fields. Based on the results obtained in this study, it was found that most probably pathotype 8(F1) is present in Bulgaria. Most of the commercial potato cultivars tested were found to be susceptible to this pathotype. The local cultivars Koral and Bor were resistant, but these are not very important cultivars commercially. The potato cultivars Panda, Désirée and Amorosa were recommended for cultivation in the fields adjacent to infested plots.
Application of Membrane to Sewage Treatment System Bio-Reactor

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Integrated flat sheet membrane element was newly developed for submerged membrane bio-reactor (MBR) system. Since 1998 through 2000, a large pilot research on the applicability of the MBR system for treatment of municipal wastewater was executed under co-operation between Japan Sewage Works Agency and Hitachi Plant. The positive results that came from the research would lead to full-scale installation of the MBR system in the field of municipal WWTP.Through the high effluent quality achieved using the MBR system the direct re-use for landscape irrigation or water related amenity will become possible. In addition, the MBR system showed good performance on removing pathogens such as infectious viruses and was expected for decreasing the risk of infection on the water re-use of treated municipal wastewater.
Robert Indiana: new perspectives

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Self-described as an painter of signs, Robert Indiana (born 1928) has interpreted the postwar American semiotic landscape through a unique merging of Pop's graphic snap with American modernist painting's codes of sexuality and use of advertising designs. Best known for his iconic rendition of the word love, over the past 50 years Indiana has created a major body of work that spans the movements of assemblage, hard-edged abstraction and Pop art. This book surveys his career from the early 1960s to the present, also convening new scholarship on this important artist by writers such as Thomas Crow and Robert Storr. Addressing topics ranging from Indiana's politically engaged works, his formative years in the Coentie's Slip artistic community in downtown Manhattan, Indiana's place within Pop and his allegorical depictions of gender and family, this book reevaluates and reorients some of Indiana's most significant works.
The Effect of Maternal Healthcare on the Probability of Child Survival in Azerbaijan

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study assesses the effects of maternal healthcare on child survival by using nonrandomized data from a cross-sectional survey in Azerbaijan. Using 2SLS and simultaneous equation bivariate probit models, we estimate the effects of delivering in healthcare facility on probability of child survival taking into account self-selection into the treatment. For women who delivered at healthcare facilities, the probability of child survival increases by approximately 18%. Furthermore, if every woman had the opportunity to deliver in healthcare facility, then the probability of child survival in Azerbaijan as a whole would have increased by approximately 16%.
Interference with private communication in criminal proceedings: legislative novelties related to the introduction of martial law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article examines the novelties of Ukrainian legislation on interference with private communication introduced under martial law within the framework of criminal procedure. The author examines the main changes in the criminal procedure legislation which expand the powers of law enforcement agencies to intercept, record and analyse communication data of individuals. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the legal framework for these measures, as well as their compliance with national and international human rights standards. Attention is drawn to the problem of the balance between ensuring national security and preserving the constitutional rights of citizens to secrecy of correspondence, confidentiality of communication and other forms of communication. Due to the active use of electronic surveillance tools, operational and investigative measures, including covert investigative (detective) actions, and criminal procedural mechanisms for collecting evidence in the context of armed conflict, there is a risk of excessive state interference in the private life of individuals. The author examines the key international legal instruments, in particular, the European Convention on Human Rights (1950) and the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966), which guarantee the right to respect for private life and correspondence, and studies the case law of the European Court of Human Rights on the permissible limits of restriction of this right on the basis of specific court precedents. The article analyses the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine, the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, the Laws of Ukraine ‘On the National Police’, ‘On Electronic Communications’, ‘On Personal Data Protection’, as well as recent legislative initiatives aimed at improving the mechanisms of control over interference with private communication. The author proposes specific areas of legal regulation reform to ensure compliance with the principles of proportionality, legal certainty and judicial control in the process of restricting the right to private communication and confidentiality of communications. The author concludes that it is necessary to comprehensively improve legislation with due regard for international experience and ensure adequate guarantees of protection of citizens’ rights even under martial law.
Postoperative Pain and Paresthesia in Labral Repairs of the Shoulder: Location Does Matter

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Favorable outcomes have been reported regarding postoperative shoulder pain and function after repair of anteroinferior (Bankart) glenohumeral labral tears. However, the outcomes of patients after repair of isolated superior labral anterior-posterior (SLAP) tears are a contentious topic. The authors have also anecdotally noted that patients evaluated with labral tears complained of numbness and tingling in their ipsilateral hand. Purpose: To determine if there is a difference in the temporal outcomes of shoulder pain and hand paresthesia in patients with SLAP tears versus Bankart tears after arthroscopic repair. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Included were 66 consecutive patients who underwent arthroscopic labral repair at a single institution between August 2018 and February 2021. The prevalence and magnitude of shoulder pain as well as numbness and tingling of the hand were assessed using questions from the L’Insalata Shoulder Questionnaire and the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire preoperatively and at 1 week, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 6 months after surgery. Results: Preoperatively, patients with SLAP lesions reported a higher prevalence of shoulder pain during sleep compared with those with Bankart tears ( P < .05). Postoperatively, patients who underwent SLAP repair reported a larger proportion and more severe magnitude of shoulder pain during rest, overhead activities, and sleep compared with those who underwent Bankart repair ( P < .05). Only patients who underwent Bankart repair reported improvements in the prevalence and magnitude of their shoulder pain during rest, overhead activities, and sleep by 6 months postoperatively compared with preoperative levels ( P < .05). Preoperatively, 30% of patients with Bankart repairs and 40% of patients with SLAP repairs reported hand tingling, while 35% and 50%, respectively, reported hand numbness. The prevalence and magnitude of hand tingling and numbness were not significantly different between groups at any time point. Conclusion: Study results indicated that patients who underwent SLAP repair experienced worse shoulder pain outcomes compared with those who underwent Bankart repair using the same anchor and surgical technique. Only patients who underwent Bankart repair reported improvements in their hand numbness after surgery. Therefore, labral tear location does matter with respect to shoulder pain and hand numbness.
The incidence of TP53 mutations in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia in Iran

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is linked to a highly variable disease course regarding responses to chemoimmunotherapy and clinical outcomes. Mutations in TP53 and/or deletions in chromosome 17p locus [del(17p)] may lead to loss of a TP53 allele. We investigated TP53 mutations in patients with CLL. Material and Methods Thirty patients with CLL, aged 40–84 years, were included. Immunophenotyping of B cells was done using flow cytometry by CD5, CD10, CD19, CD20, CD23, CD49d, CD38, FMC7, and CD200 markers. Bone marrow aspiration and peripheral blood smear examination were also performed. DNA was extracted and sequencing was done using the Sanger method. Structural aberrations were investigated using the FISH method. Results TP53 mutations had a frequency of eight cases (23.3%), three of which were missense mutations (37.5%), three were intronic mutations (37.5%), and two were silent mutations (25%). Peripheral B lymphocytes had a mean of 82% with 4.59% prolymphocytes. Conclusion Accurate testing for TP53 mutations [TP53 and del(17p) mutations] before every treatment line enables us to make proper therapeutic decisions to improve patient outcomes.
TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL PERFORMANCE COMPARISON USING PIGGYBACK SCHEME IN WLANS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The main problem at wireless networks is the overhead at MAC layer; when the data physical rate is increasing it causes increasing the overhead and decreasing at the MAC efficiency. In this study we study the performance comparison of TCP protocol in WLANs with and without using piggyback. The study of results concerning of implemented both mechanisms in NS2 simulator and find out the good performance from this comparison. Based on the results from our experiments show that the Piggyback scheme is one of the efficient ways to reduce the overhead at MAC wireless networks.
Economic, demographic and political determinants of pollution reassessed: A sensitivity analysis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Recent literature proposes many variables as significant determinants of pollution. This paper gives an overview of this literature and asks which of these factors have an empirically robust impact on water and air pollution, i.e. do not depend upon the conditioning information set. For this, we apply Extreme Bound Analysis (EBA) on a panel of 208 countries covering the period 1960-2001. We find supportive evidence on the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve. Furthermore, mainly demographic variables and variables capturing the economic structure of a country contribute in explaining air and water pollution.
Normality of NDVI Time Series Under Scope: Case Study of Various Plant Types of Tunisia, A Mediterranean Country

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Time series of vegetation indices derived from remotely sensed images have proven great potential in tracking and monitoring green land cover dynamics. Several techniques and tools have been proposed and developed to extract useful information from these time series. However, the statistical properties of these data are scarcely investigated and mostly ignored. In this present paper, particular attention is directed to the probability distribution of vegetation indices time series, more specifically, NDVI time series. NDVI time series of various plant types and geographic locations of Tunisia are investigated to determine the appropriate statistical distribution. Interestingly, the results show that the normal distribution is not a good fit to all our NDVI time series except one case that belongs to the lower Saharian bioclimatic region. Moreover, other distributions provide a good approximation. The best fit depends on the plant type and also on the bioclimatic region.
Angular distributions of 5eV atomic oxygen scattered from solid surfaces on the LDEF satellite

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The angular distribution of 5eV atomic oxygen scattered off several smooth solid surfaces was measured by experiment A0114 which flew on board the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF). Target surfaces were silver, vitreous carbon, and lithium fluoride crystal. The apparatus was entirely passive. It used the property of silver surfaces to absorb oxygen atoms with high efficiency; the silver is converted to optically transmissive silver oxide. A collimated beam of oxygen atoms is allowed to fall on the target surface at some pre-set angle. Reflected atoms are then intercepted by a silver film placed so that it subtends a considerable solid angle from the primary beam impact on the target surface. The silver films are evaporated onto flexible optically-clear polycarbonate sheets which are scanned later to determine oxygen uptake. While the silver detector cannot measure atom velocity or energy, its physical configuration allows easy coverage of large angular space both in the beam-plane (that which includes the incident beam and the surface normal), and in the azimuthal plane of the target surface.