jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Improving the level of development of speech competence of students in higher educational institutions through the implementation of the author’s program

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The developed method was tested at the Moscow State Regional University. As a result of its testing, the authors identified the reasons for the development of students ‘speech competence and described the necessary methods to improve its level. The analysis of the obtained data showed that in the experimental group, the level of development of speech competence after the implementation of the program for the formation of speech competence of students significantly increased in comparison with the results obtained in the control group. These data demonstrate a gradual change in values in the direction of improving the level of speech and language training of students from the first year to the third. In the course of the study, a pattern was formulated, which consists in the fact that the level of speech competence depends more on the creation of the necessary conditions for the professionalization of speech activity. The author’s program widely uses texts of a professional nature, as well as tasks aimed at developing skills and abilities to work with analytical information, with professional service documentation, compiled mainly in official business, scientific styles. The presented didactic material for classes is mainly compiled from professional texts in order to familiarize students with the specifics of these texts and develop skills and abilities to work with such materials.
Sulfur-Containing Flavor Compounds in Beef: Are They Really Present or Are They Artifacts?

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Several analytical procedures are available for extracting and identifying the flavor components of food. Unfortunately, these same analytical procedures may, in themselves, alter the composition of the food being analyzed. This paper demonstrates that the chromatographic profiles of volatiles from cooked and from cooked-stored ground beef are directly affected by and related to the temperature used to purge the volatiles from the sample, the temperature of analysis, and the end-point cooking temperature of the sample. Analytical efficacy and recovery is minimal when the samples are purged at 50°C due to inefficient extraction of the flavor volatiles. Misleading chromatographic profiles occur when samples are purged at temperatures over 90°C due to conversion of one volatile form to another. Optimal volatile extraction/purging and limited conversion of volatiles to other forms is observed at temperatures of 70-75°C. The data suggest that a thorough examination of the effect of temperature on volatile production must be performed prior to analytical appraisal of the food's flavor-volatiles if the true flavor-profile or flavor-picture of the food is to be known.
What Accounts for Men’s Hostile Attitudes Toward Women? The Influence of Hegemonic Male Role Norms and Masculine Gender Role Stress

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examined masculine gender role stress (MGRS) as a mediator of the relation between adherence to dimensions of a hegemonic masculinity and hostility toward women (HTW). Among a sample of 338 heterosexual men, results indicated that MGRS mediated the relation between adherence to the status and antifemininity norms, but not the toughness norm, and HTW. Adherence to the toughness norm maintained a positive association with HTW. These findings suggest that men’s HTW develops via multiple pathways that are associated with different norms of hegemonic masculinity. Implications for the prediction of men’s aggression against women are discussed.
Wesley, Sacheverell, and Convocation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Chapter 6 explains the role that Wesley played in the events in Church and State between 1709 and 1714, the high point of Tory High Church ambition in Church and State. It suggests that Wesley probably did contribute to the defence of Henry Sacheverell, who was on trial in the House of Lords on the political charge of preaching a seditious sermon. Sacheverell and Wesley have so much in common that Wesley’s claim that he contributed to the defence seems entirely plausible. As a member of Convocation, between 1710 and 1713, Wesley emerged as an important figure in the period. In addition to much committee work and supporting the High Church Tory agenda, he also drafted a key report in 1713 which advanced the High Church clergy’s case against the Bishops and argued that the failure to pursue Church reform was the responsibility of the Latitudinarian Bishops. Also considered is Wesley’s response to the Peace of Utrecht, a major Tory victory against continuing a Whig war.
ACCURACY OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN CHARACTERISATION OF COLORECTAL LESIONS AS BENIGN OR MALIGNANT AND IN PRE-OP STAGING OF COLORECTAL CARCINOMA WITH HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CORRELATION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective-To determine the accuracy of Multi Detector CT in characterizing colorectal lesions as benign or malignant - and its correlation with histopathology by studying bowel wall characteristics. - Methods 55 patients referred to the Department of Radiodiagnosis at a tertiary care centre in Trivandrum for contrast CT abdomen who had abnormal bowel wall thickening on CT. Lesions are classied on CT as benign or malignant based on bowel wall characteristics of wall thickening and staging is done in case of colorectal carcinoma. The ndings are then compared with the histopathological diagnosis. Results- Overall, CT had a sensitivity of 94.9%, specicity of 93.8%, Positive Predictive Value of 97.4% and a Negative Predictive Value of 88.2% in the diagnosis of malignant lesions. Accuracy of CT in diagnosing malignant lesions is 94.5%. Positive likelihood ratio is 15.2. and negative likelihood ratio is 0.05.CT is an excellent modality for tumour (T) staging in colorectal malignancy, as per our study, K=0.806 (excellent agreement).CT, though not highly accurate, can be used for lymph nodal (N) staging in colorectal malignancy, as per our study, K= 0.213 (fair agreement). Conclusion- Due to its high sensitivity and specicity, MDCT is an excellent modality in the diagnosis and differentiation of benign and malignant lesions of the colon and rectum,.It offers early detection of colorectal malignancy, provides staging of malignancies, helps in detection of metastasis, thereby aiding in the choice of treatment strategy. CT is an excellent modality for tumour (T) staging in colorectal malignancy, as per our study, K=0.806 (excellent agreement).
Impact of Ag-Doped on the Ferromagnetic-Metallic Transition in Pr0.75Na0.25mno3 Manganites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Monovalent doped Pr0.75Na0.25-yAgyMnO3 (y = 0â€“0.10) manganite have been investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) as well as DC electrical resistivity and AC susceptibility measurement to clarify the influence of Ag- doped on charge ordering (CO) state. XRD analysis revealed all samples consists of essentially single phase and crystallized in an orthorhombic structure with space group Pnma. SEM images of Pr0.75Na0.25-yAgyMnO3 compound shows the successful substitution of Ag+ ions with the enhancement of the grains boundaries and sizes as well as the compaction of particles. On the other hand, resistivity and susceptibility measurements showed that the y = 0 sample exhibits insulating behavior and anti-ferromagnetic. Interestingly, the ferromagnetic-metallic transition was observed for y = 0.05 due to the revival of double-exchange (DE) mechanism as a result of weakening the Jahn-Teller effect which caused the CO state to be weakened. However, increasing of Ag-doped up to y = 0.10 induce back its transition into anti-ferromagnetic insulating behavior suggestively due to the weakening of DE mechanism.
The Case of Ireland: Commerce, Empire and the European Order, 1750–1848

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries have long been seen as a foundational period for modern Irish political traditions such as nationalism, republicanism and unionism. The Case of Ireland offers a fresh account of Ireland's neglected role in European debates about commerce and empire in what was a global era of war and revolution. Drawing on a broad range of writings from merchants, agrarian improvers, philosophers, politicians and revolutionaries across Europe, this book shows how Ireland became a field of conflict and projection between rival visions of politics in commercial society, associated with the warring empires of Britain and France. It offers a new perspective on the crisis and transformation of the British Empire at the end of the eighteenth century, and restores Ireland to its rightful place at the centre of European intellectual history
Antibacterial properties of amalgam and composite resin materials used as cores under crowns.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The Aim of this Study was to compare the bacterial growth in the bulk of both amalgam and fluoridated composite resin materials used as cores under crowns at core's surface (in the superficial area of the bulk) and depth levels. With 24 lower premolars, 12 of them were restored with metal posts and amalgam cores (group 1). The rest were restored with glass Fiber-reinforced Composite (FRC) posts and fluoridated composite resin cores (group 2). All specimens were covered with aluminium crowns cemented with resin cement, and then they were soaked in natural saliva for three months. Excoriations abraded from the superficial and the depth areas of the core materials were cultured under aerobic conditions on blood agar plates. After incubation for 2 days, colonies formed on the plates were identified, and the CFU mg(-1) counts were recorded accordingly. Statistical analysis was performed using an independent sample T test. The mean values of CFU mg(-1) counts in group 2 excoriations (surface 39.75, and depth 9.75) were higher than the group 1 excoriations (surface 1.67, and depth 0.42). This study supports the use of amalgam for building up cores due to its antibacterial properties. Composite resin, however, enhanced sizable bacterial growth despite the presence of fluoride.
Effect of verapamil and sodium cromoglycate on leukotriene D4 induced bronchoconstriction in patients with asthma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Leukotriene D4 (LTD4) may be an important mediator in asthma. The effect of verapamil and sodium cromoglycate on LTD4 induced bronchoconstriction has been examined in seven patients with asthma. The bronchoconstrictor response to increasing concentrations of inhaled LTD4 (0.0032-50 micrograms/ml) was assessed by measuring changes in FEV1, specific airways conductance, and flow rate at 30% of vital capacity (V30(p)). Results were expressed as the provocation concentration (PC) producing a 10% fall in FEV1 (PC10FEV1), a 35% fall in specific airways conductance (PC35SGaw), and a 30% fall in flow at 30% of vital capacity (PC30 V30(p)). Neither verapamil nor cromoglycate inhibited LTD4 induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic subjects. These results suggest that in asthmatic patients LTD4 induced bronchoconstriction is not mediated via verapamil or cromoglycate sensitive mechanisms.
Age gap between the spouses in the Union Territory of Pondicherry

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The data we report upon this paper-micro survey data from married female respondents in the Union Territory of Pondicherry-show that better socio-economic status of women is associated with a smaller age gap between the spouses. Female age at marriage, female educational level, women's occupatioal status and husband's educational level were found to be the principal determinants in that order. The first of these (female age at marriage) was a proximate determinant; it increased due to the effect of socio-economic variables, especially wife's education, wife's occupation and husband's education. Improvements in the socio-economic and demographic status of women are expected to narrow down the age gap, but not to completely eliminate it. Even in the European countries such a gap exists, tough in a smaller range.
Effects of Optically Active 1-(α-Methylbenzyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea on Reactions of Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Effects of the R- and S-isomers and racemate of 1-(alpha-methylbenzyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (MBPU) were measured on phosphorylation and electron transport in mung bean (Phaseolus aureus L.) mitochondria and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplasts.In chloroplasts, S-MBPU inhibited basal and methylamine-uncoupled electron transport with ferricyanide as the oxidant, both photoreduction and coupled photophosphorylation with water as the electron donor and with ferricyanide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) as oxidants, and cyclic photophosphorylation with phenazine methosulfate as the electron mediator under an argon gas phase. With ascorbate 2,6-dichloro-phenolindophenol as the electron donor, phosphorylation coupled to NADP reduction was inhibited, but the reduction of NADP was not inhibited. The R-isomer of MBPU, like the S-isomer, inhibited all of the photophosphorylation reactions studied. However, unlike the S-isomer, the R-isomer either did not inhibit or was a very weak inhibitor of all photoreduction reactions. The effects of the MBPUs on the chloroplast reactions can be explained by action at two different sites: an optically specific site near photosystem II and the oxygen evolution pathway, and a second optically nonspecific site associated with the generation of ATP.In mitochondria, both the R- and S-isomers stimulated state 4 respiration, inhibited state 3 respiration, and released oligomycin-inhibited respiration with malate, succinate, and NADH as substrates. Both enantiomers were equally active in all studies with malate and succinate as substrates. However, with NADH as substrate, R-MBPU was a stronger inhibitor of state 3 respiration and a weaker stimulator of state 4 respiration than S-MBPU.
Catabolism of Exogenous and Endogenous Sphingomyelin and Phosphatidylcholine by Homogenates and Subcellular Fractions of Cultured Neuroblastoma Cells. Effects of Anesthetics

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract: Cultured murine neuroblastoma cells contain a neutral, Mg 2+ ‐stimulated sphingomyelinase and an alkaline phosphatidylcholine‐hydrolyzing activity that are enriched in the plasma membrane fraction. The reaction products of sphingomyelin catabolism are phosphocholine and ceramide and those of phosphatidylcholine, glycerophosphocholine and fatty acid. These reactions were studied with endogenous as well as exogenous liposomal substrates. With both exogenous and endogenous substrates, the sphingomyelinase activity was stimulated two‐to threefold by Mg 2+ and a further three‐to fourfold by volatile anesthetic agents. Stimulation was concentration‐dependent and corresponded to anesthetic potency: methoxyflurane > halothane > enflurane. Greater than 80% of the plasma membrane sphingomyelin was hydrolyzed within 2 h in the presence of Mg 2+ and anesthetic. In contrast, the activity with exogenous and endogenous phosphatidylcholine was unaffected by Mg 2+ or Ca 2+ and was markedly inhibited (50–80%) by anesthetic agents. The degree of inhibition was concentration‐dependent and corresponded to anesthetic potency. The quantitative importance of choline‐containing lipids in cell membranes, the relatively exclusive localization of the neutral Mg 2+ ‐stimulated sphingomyelinase in cells of neural origin, the totally different type of hydrolytic attack on phosphatidylcholine, and the reciprocal effects of anesthetics on the hydrolysis of these two lipids strongly suggest important roles for these activities in cell membranes in general and in the neuron in particular.
Phototrophic Bacteria as Feed Supplement for Rearing Penaeus monodon Larvae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Larvae of the giant tiger prawn Penaeus monodon were reared from the naupliar to pos‐tlarval stage, based on a diet of waste‐grown phototrophic bacterium Rhodovulum sulfido‐philum , the marine diatom Skeletonema costatum , and brine shrimp Artemia The experimental design consisted of feeding the protozoea with diatoms and varying proportions of bacterial biomass as diet D0 (0%), D1 (1%), D2 (2%), D3 (3%), and D5 (5%), while mysis and postlarvae were fed the above diet supplemented with Artemia nauplii. Controls were not fed with bacteria biomass (diet D0). The addition of R. sulfidophilum biomass in the diet had significant effects on the growth and survival of P. monodon larvae. In the first experiment, the larvae fed with diet D1 ( Skeletonema + 1% R. sulfidophilum ) reached the first postlarval stage (PL1) on the ninth day of feeding and had a mean total length (TL) of 6.13 ± 0.05 mm, which was significantly higher ( P < 0.001) than TL of larvae fed with the other three diets. In another experiment, prawn larvae fed with diet D2 had the highest overall survival of 46% and a significantly larger mean TL of 6.88 ± 0.18 mm at PL1 compared to larvae fed with diet D0 and D3 ( P > 0.05). However, in both experiments prawn larvae fed with the various diets showed significant differences in their length‐at‐stage ( P > 0.05), and the lowest growth and survival were obtained from diets comprising 3% and 5% bacterial biomass, which also gave the highest levels of ammonia‐nitrogen in the culture water. Addition of more than 2% R. sulfidophilum biomass apparently deteriorates the quality of the culture water.
Effect of posture and femoral neck osteochondroplasty on femur‐acetabulum clearance in patients with cam‐type femoroacetabular impingement

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract It is not clear whether femoral neck osteochondroplasty achieves its objective of increasing femoroacetabular clearance. We used an upright open magnetic resonance imaging scanner to image the hip joint in multiple postures to explore the effect of posture and femoral neck osteochondroplasty on femur‐acetabulum clearance in patients with cam‐type femoroacetabular impingement. We recruited 13 consecutive patients scheduled to undergo arthroscopic femoral neck osteochondroplasty and completed assessments on 10 patients. We scanned each subject before surgery and at 6 months post‐op in supine and 3 other physiological postures: supine 90° flexion with adduction and internal rotation (FADIR), sitting deep (maximal flexion with internal rotation and adduction), and sitting crossed leg (maximal adduction with flexion and internal rotation). We measured the alpha angle, which describes the severity of cam deformity, and the beta angle, which defines joint clearance. We also evaluated hip flexion, internal rotation, and adduction before and after surgery. Femoral neck osteochondroplasty significantly decreased alpha angle by 23.9° ± 4.6° ( p = 0.001) and increased beta angle across all postures by 28.1° ± 6.3° ( p = 0.002). An increase in beta angle represented a decreased chance of impingement. Femoral neck osteochondroplasty significantly increased flexion by an average of 8.6° in the sitting deep posture after surgery ( p = 0.007) which might indicate an improvement of joint function. These findings lend support to the hypothesis that arthroscopic osteochondroplasty accomplishes its stated goals of increasing bone‐bone clearance in the hip joint and improving joint mechanics for the static postures assessed.
The Effect of a Mixture of Royal Jelly and Honey on Hematological Parameters in Maximum Weight Training Athletes

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

To investigate the effect of royal jelly (RJ) + honey (H) mixture as nutritional ergogenic aids, on hematological parameters in maximum weight training athletes, 29 volunteer male students were divided as 15 students in the placebo group (Group 1) and 14 students in the study group (Group 2). Corn starch (50 g/day) was given to Group 1, and 5 g RJ + 45 g H mixture (50 g/day) was given to Group 2, for 8 weeks. The parameters of erythrocyte, leukocyte and thrombocyte were evaluated at the beginning, and at the end of 4 and 8 weeks. The volunteers had maximum weight training (for 2 hours/day, 4 days a week). The groups at each time point revealed a significant difference in Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration, Leukocyte, Neutrophile, and Platelet Distribution Width values at the end of the first month. No significant difference was found in other comparisons (p>0.05). It was concluded that the differences in some hematological parameters could be related to exercise, and the RJ + H mixture that was given did not demonstrate an adequate effect in the administered amounts and duration. Future studies are needed with higher doses and for a longer duration.
A new improved algorithm applicated in NCO based on specific angle

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Considering the characteristics of the angles, used in the new improved algorithm is the formula of sine and cosine values which compose the discrete-sine and cosine wave. In this algorithm, the theory of setting Renminbi notes is first used to select the basic angle sequence and the symmetry of trigonometric function, and then to calculate the sine and cosine values of the basic angle, which is expressed as 2kπ/2 N . Simulation proves that the precision can reach 10̂-6 under 5 iterations. Compared with other algorithms, the computational complexity of the algorithm is simple, and the precision is higher. Therefore, the algorithm is feasible for the NCO.
Dealing with Clients' Emotional Problems in Life Coaching

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This book is a comprehensive guide for life coaches on how to react and adapt when emotional problems get in the way of coaching. Windy Dryden uses Rational-Emotive Cognitive Behaviour Therapy techniques to offer advice on: \n \n * when it is and is not appropriate to work on emotional problems \n * when the coach should refer the client to someone else, such as a psychotherapist or counsellor \n * how to use RECBT to help clients with their emotional problems within a life coaching context \n * at what point it is sensible to begin coaching again. \n \nDealing with Clients' Emotional Problems in Life Coaching will be a valuable resource for all those involved in life coaching.
Lessons Drawn: Essays on the Pedagogy of Comics and Graphic Novels, David Seelow (2019)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Lessons Drawn: Essays on the Pedagogy of Comics and Graphic Novels , David Seelow (2019)Jefferson, MO: MacFarland, 186 pp.,ISBN 978-1-47667-158-1, p/bk, £43.50
Compounding in Danish

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Compounding is a major word formation process in Danish. Approaches currently important for examining Danish compounds are outlined, mostly based on two-constituent N+N compounds. We argue that compounding has both specific and universal features in different languages. Different types of compounds in Danish are discussed with focus on elliptical compounds, without direct semantic relations between the components. This comprehensive approach has proved useful as compounds in Danish differ considerably in semantic relations between the components. The experiment shows that for some groups of “popular” words, analogy plays a great role in the creation and interpretation of novel compounds.