jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Antihypertensive Drug Treatment and the Risk for Intrahemodialysis Hypotension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Key Points Antihypertensive medications are often used by hemodialysis patients, and intradialytic hypotension is a common complication in these patients. The study emulates a randomized clinical trial comparing antihypertensive drug treatment for the risk of hemodialysis hypotension in 4072 incident patients. Compared with calcium antagonists, β and α – β blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II antagonists, and diuretics may increase the risk of hemodialysis hypotension. Background Antihypertensive medications are often prescribed to manage hypertension in hemodialysis patients, and intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is a common complication in these patients. We investigated the risk of IDH in incident hemodialysis patients who initiated treatment with antihypertensive drugs in monotherapy. Methods The study was conducted as an emulation of a randomized clinical trial in 4072 incident hemodialysis patients who started antihypertensive drug treatment between January 2016 and December 2019. The primary outcome was the occurrence of IDH during hemodialysis sessions. The generalized estimating equation analysis was adjusted by inverse probability treatment weighting. Results Calcium channel blocker (CCB) use was associated with an IDH incidence rate of 7.4 events per person-year (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.2 to 8.6). Compared with CCB use, use of β and α – β blockers was strongly associated with a higher likelihood of IDH (odds ratio [OR] [95% CI, 2.27; 1.50 to 3.43]). The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers (OR [95% CI, 1.71; 1.14 to 2.57]) and diuretics (OR [95% CI, 1.52; 1.07 to 2.16]) were also associated with a higher likelihood of IDH compared with CCB use. Conclusions The study suggests that using β and α – β blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers, and diuretics may increase the risk of IDH in hemodialysis patients compared with CCB use.
Learning Disability Subtyping, Loneliness, and Classroom Adjustment

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study was designed to identify patterns of social-emotional subgroups among students with learning disabilities. The sample consisted of 122 students from 12 self-contained classes for students with learning disabilities situated in regular schools in Israel. Through cluster analysis using measures of loneliness and externalizing and internalizing behavioral maladjustment, four subgroups of students were identified: two non-lonely groups—one behaviorally adjusted and the other with externalizing maladjustment; and two highly lonely groups—one with high externalizing maladjustment, the other with high internalizing maladjustment. Internal validation through MANCOVA analysis revealed significant differences between subgroups on the three classification criteria. As external validation of the classification, significant intergroup differences were also found on teacher- and student-rated social skills and peer acceptance ratings. Case studies demonstrated subgroup patterns, individual differences, and the personal meaning attributed to loneliness and social relations.
N-Methyldecahydroquinolines: An Unexpected Class of Alkaloids from Amazonian Poison Frogs (Dendrobatidae)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The dominant alkaloids previously identified in skin extracts of Amazonian dendrobatid frogs of the genus Ameerega are histrionicotoxins and 2,5-disubstituted decahydroquinolines. Analysis of alkaloids in skin extracts of Ameerega picta from Bolivia revealed that the alkaloid 257A, previously reported as a 2,5-disubstituted decahydroquinoline, is an N-methyl-2,5-disubstituted decahydroquinoline. We characterized alkaloids of another 12 of the more than 25 species recently assigned to the genus Ameerega, and five additional N-methyldecahydroquinolines were identified. In some cases, the relative configuration of the N-methyldecahydroquinolines was determined by comparison with the N-methylated products prepared from the corresponding 2,5-disubstituted decahydroquinolines of known relative configuration. A dietary source for N-methyldecahydroquinolines is unknown; however, myrmicine ants are the likely source for the 2,5-disubstituted decahydroquinolines. The alkaloids in skin extracts of three species of another genus of Amazonian poison frog, Adelphobates, were also characterized, but N-methyldecahydroquinolines were not detected.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEI) suppresses the expression of the MHC molecules in mucosal cells of the small intestine leading to the delayed onset of autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus in NOD mice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) exists in the kidney, lung and small intestine of the NOD mouse (autoimmune type 1 diabetes animal model). ACE changes Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II. ACE exists in the small intestinal epithelial cells and villi, and digests the protein antigen molecules in the small intestine. ACE plays an important role in the antigen presenting process in the mucosal immune system of the duodenum and jejunum. To examine the role of ACE in the development of type 1 diabetes of the NOD mouse, ACE-Inhibitors (ACEI): captopril (CA) or enalapril maleate (EM) was dissolved in a drinking water at the concentration of 12.5mg/ml and given daily to 28-day-old NOD females and males ad libitum (89 females and 70 males in CA, 72 and 52 in EM, 120 and 87 in water control group, respectively). The animals were screened for the development of diabetes twice a week for 7 months and subjected to the Life Table analysis. The incidence of diabetes in our NOD/Kmc colony is 83% in females and 40% in males at 210 days of age. The EM-treated NOD mice showed a significant delay of the onset of diabetes at 120 days of age in comparison with the controls (25% vs. 45% in females, p=0.002; 0% vs. 8% in males, p=0.037). The CA treatment was ineffective to delay the onset of diabetes. The histopathological examination of the pancreata showed that the EM-treated females had more islets without lymphocytic infiltration than the CA-treated or the water-control females. The mRNA expression of MHC K and A genes was suppressed in the duodenum and jejunum of the NOD mice by EM- or CA-water for 14 days. Flow cytometric analysis showed suppression of the MHC K and I-A expression in the pancreatic lymphocytes of the EM- and CA-treated mice in comparison with the control mice.
Coordination aspects in a spatial group decision support collaborative system

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Article Share on Coordination aspects in a spatial group decision support collaborative system Authors: Sergio P. J. Medeiros COPPE/UFRJ, PO BOX 68511, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil COPPE/UFRJ, PO BOX 68511, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilView Profile , Jane M. de Souza COPPE/UFRJ, PO BOX 68511, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil COPPE/UFRJ, PO BOX 68511, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilView Profile , Julia Celia M. Strauch EMBRAPA/SOLOS, R. Jardim Botânico, 1024, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil EMBRAPA/SOLOS, R. Jardim Botânico, 1024, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilView Profile , Gustavo R. B. Pinto COPPE/UFRJ, PO BOX 68511, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil COPPE/UFRJ, PO BOX 68511, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilView Profile Authors Info & Claims SAC '01: Proceedings of the 2001 ACM symposium on Applied computingMarch 2001 Pages 182–186https://doi.org/10.1145/372202.372321Published:01 March 2001Publication History 10citation1,016DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations10Total Downloads1,016Last 12 Months3Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
In the Shadow of Max Weber: The Turn to and Use of the Axial Civilizations

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

100년 전에 세상을 떠난 막스 베버를 기리는 학술모임에 어울리게, 나는 그의 학문 유산을 오늘날의 ‘굴대’(axial) 문명 연구에 이어 가늠해보고자 한다. 야스퍼스는 기원전 첫 천년의 가운데쯤에서 인류가 처음으로 세속 영역을 넘어 초월 영역을 보고 이 두 영역 사이의 ‘긴장’을 감지케 한 문명이 고대 이스라엘, 그리스, 이란, 중국, 인도 지역에 나타나, 인류 역사에 되돌릴 수 없이 중요한 영향을 미쳤는데 이를 일러 ‘굴대 시대의 문명’이라고 불렀다. 그의 생각에 힘입어 굴대 문명 연구가 오늘에 이어지고 있다. 이러한 이해의 줄기를 다시 살펴, 나는 이 글에서 야스퍼스의 생각은 베버의 ‘세계 종교’ 연구에서 비롯되고, 굴대 문명을 사회학의 영역으로 끌어들여 새로운 논의의 마당을 연 아이젠스타트와 벨라 또한 베버의 생각 테두리를 벗어난 것이 아니라 이를 넓혀놓았다는 논지를 편다. 이어, 나는 서구 합리화 과정이 어두운 ‘쇠우리’의 상황으로 빠져든 모순과 역설의 상황을 문제시한 베버의 생각이 굴대 문명 연구에서 가볍게 다뤄지고 있다는 점을 들춰내고, 할 걸음 더 나아가 서양과는 달리 ‘우리’가 겪는 ‘대(竹)우리’의 문제와 씨름해야 한다는 논지를 밝힌다.
Absolute diffusion measurements of active enzyme solutions by NMR

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The diffusion of enzymes is of fundamental importance for many biochemical processes. Enhanced or directed enzyme diffusion can alter the accessibility of substrates and the organization of enzymes within cells. Several studies based on fluorescence correlation spectroscopy report enhanced diffusion of enzymes upon interaction with their substrate or inhibitor. In this context, major importance is given to the enzyme fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, for which enhanced diffusion has been reported even though the catalysed reaction is endothermic. Additionally, enhanced diffusion of tracer particles surrounding the active aldolase enzymes has been reported. These studies suggest that active enzymes can act as chemical motors that self-propel and give rise to enhanced diffusion. However, fluorescence studies of enzymes can, despite several advantages, suffer from artefacts. Here, we show that the absolute diffusion coefficients of active enzyme solutions can be determined with Pulsed Field Gradient Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (PFG-NMR). The advantage of PFG-NMR is that the motion of the molecule of interest is directly observed in its native state without the need for any labelling. Furthermore, PFG-NMR is model-free and thus yields absolute diffusion constants. Our PFG-NMR experiments of solutions containing active fructose-bisphosphate aldolase from rabbit muscle do not show any diffusion enhancement for the active enzymes, nor the surrounding molecules. Additionally, we do not observe any diffusion enhancement of aldolase in the presence of its inhibitor pyrophosphate.
[A Case of Retroperitoneal Mature Teratoma with Combined Resection of Left Kidney].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 37-year-old woman with the complaint of stomachache was referred to our hospital because a retroperitoneal tumor was detected in an ultrasound study at another hospital. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a poorly enhanced 14 cm tumor in the left retroperitoneal space suggesting a cyst that contained fat and showed calcification. Abdominal dynamic computed tomography revealed left renal vein stenosis and left ovarian vein dilation caused by tumor compression of the renal vein. The tumor was excised together with the left kidney because the renal vein was adhered to the tumor. The resected specimen weighed 1,300 g, and the histological diagnosis was mature teratoma. The patient has experienced no recurrence at eight months after surgery.
Paper No 17.3: Disparity Selection in Stereoscopic Image

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Three‐dimensional (3D) display devices provide a more realistic experience of entertainment. A great deal of research has been doing to enhance 3D image quality and reduce visual fatigue of stereoscopic display. One of the important considering factors of 3D research is the disparity which is, in general, defined the positional difference between left and right images. The definition is, however, too ambiguous to fix the disparity from various 3D contents. A new definition and a classification method, therefore, are suggested in this study. Furthermore, the validity of the suggested method was verified from a visual assessment.
Adjoints and Automatic (Algorithmic) Differentiation in Computational Finance

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Two of the most important areas in computational finance: Greeks and, respectively, calibration, are based on efficient and accurate computation of a large number of sensitivities. This paper gives an overview of adjoint and automatic differentiation (AD), also known as algorithmic differentiation, techniques to calculate these sensitivities. When compared to finite difference approximation, this approach can potentially reduce the computational cost by several orders of magnitude, with sensitivities accurate up to machine precision. Examples and a literature survey are also provided.
Sonoembryological evaluations of the development of placenta previa and velamentous cord insertion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Longitudinal and cross‐sectional investigations using ultrasound examinations during pregnancy can be used to clarify the mechanisms and pathophysiology of abnormal fetal and placental development. Such sonoembryological assessments are useful as a method for clarifying the etiology of disease. In the present review, we describe current knowledge based on our experience with applying sonoembryological methods to determine the developmental mechanisms of placenta previa and velamentous cord insertion.
MODEL TEST ON THE AXIAL CAPACITY OF DISPLACEMENT RIBBED PILES

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The capacity, hence the load-settlement behaviour of a pile is governed by the collective behaviour of the base and shaft. It is highly desirable, sustainable and economical to accommodate the increasing demand for deeper and wider foundations through the use of higher capacity piles. This research investigated the performance of preformed displacement ribbed piles in a unit gravity model test. Four tests were carried out to replicate the constant rate of penetration (CRP) test in the field. Two lengths corresponding to short and long piles for each of plain and ribbed piles were employed. Compacted Kaolin S300 type was employed as the model soil. The failure load of the piles was determined using six different methods. An increased capacity of 32% and 20% was obtained in the short and long ribbed piles, respectively. Also, it was observed that the closer the distance between the ribs, the higher the capacity produced for equal number of ribs. The ribbed piles gave higher capacities through the increase in their shaft capacity which is associated with the presence of ribs along their lengths. An increase in the axial capacity of displacement piles can be attained by modifying the profile of the pile shaft through the use of ribs.
Study of the formation of lignin hydrogels with metal cations

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Potentiometric titration, FTIR spectroscopy, 13C solid-state NMR spectroscopy and chemical analysis were used to study the gelation of technical lignins (oxidized hydrolysis, kraft, soda and lignosulfonates) and Pepper lignin in interaction with metal salts (CaCl2, Mg(NO3)2, FeSO4, Co(NO3)2, Pb(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, CuSO4, AgNO3). It has been found that compounds that are salts of weak base and strong acid possess an ability to gelation; the metal cation has a standard potential above a certain value, has moderate hydrolysis ability and the cation hydroxide formed in the hydrolysis reaction has a relatively low solubility. At the gel formation, a compounds of the composition R–COO–Mez +–OOC–R, z = 2, 3 were formed. A scheme of intermolecular bonds at the point of lignin hydrogel formation was proposed, according to which, adjacent lignin molecules bound to each other by three types of bonds: ionic between carboxyl groups of lignin and metal cation, coordination between metal cation and water molecules included in the coordination sphere, and hydrogen bonds, binding all components of the system into a single whole. Lignin hydrogels have a high sorption ability with respect to heavy metals such as lead, iron and copper, that, depending on the content of acid groups in lignin and the molar mass of the sorbate, is approximately 25–50% by weight of lignin. This opens up the possibility of using a new type of lignin hydrogels for wastewater treatment of chemical plants.
Impact of variable training schedules on vocabulary learning in children

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) often struggle to comprehend language, which may lead to poorer outcomes in adulthood. However, there is little evidence to support the effectiveness of current intervention strategies in improving language comprehension. In this project, we take the first step in developing an effective language-comprehension intervention for DLD children, by investigating vocabulary-learning paradigms in neurotypical children through an online platform. Two tasks were designed for this study – a focus task targeting vocabulary learning and a filler task targeting the comprehension of spatial prepositions. Since presentation sequence can significantly affect one’s learning of new material, the two tasks were presented in either a blocked or interleaved sequence to 96 neurotypical children between the ages of 6 and 10. Reaction time and error-frequency data were used both to investigate vocabulary learning, and to investigate the effects of presentation sequence (blocking/interleaving) on vocabulary learning. Upon analysis, we found that while our vocabulary task successfully targeted vocabulary learning in neurotypical children, there was no effect of presentation sequence. Nevertheless, given its effectiveness, our task is a promising start in training vocabulary in young children. With further modifications, we believe it could be a stepping-stone to developing effective online DLD interventions.
P2‐023: Examining CSF biomarkers and their ability to predict dementia, a systematic review of the literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Early detection and intervention in Alzheimer's disease (AD) with effective therapies presents an opportunity to reduce disease progression. Validation of biomarkers with highest prognostic value for the development and progression of AD is an essential step for ongoing research and as part of future treatments for slowing the progressive degenerative course of the disease. A systematic review using Cochrane methods evaluated the clinical effectiveness of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) tau and Aß42 in identifying early stages of AD (pre-dementia, preclinical AD, and mild cognitive impairment [MCI]) and for their validity in predicting development of AD. Studies published in English between January 2003 and July 2010, with a minimum of 12 months follow up and reporting outcomes of hazard or odds ratios, sensitivity, specificity, or area under the curve were included. Of 656 citations, final screening yielded 17 papers examining CSF biomarkers as predictors of conversion to AD (range of follow up; 12-48 months). Cox proportional hazards models revealed that abnormally low CSF Aß42 yielded a significantly higher risk of progression from MCI to AD, (HR range 5-9, sensitivity 60-90%, specificity 53-84%). Significantly increased risk of progression was found in patients with elevated total-tau (t-tau) levels (HR 2-7, sensitivity 63-87%; specificity 53-94%). Similar results were found for p-tau (HR 2-3.5, sensitivity 73-88%; specificity 47-88%). Studies of diagnostic accuracy of different combinations of CSF Aß42 to tau ratios in differentiating MCI-progressors from MCI-stable showed that generally, combinations of biomarkers yielded higher risk of progression to AD (HR range 1.8-32.8). The combinations of CSF biomarkers also yielded higher sensitivity and specificity for differentiating MCI-AD patients than each marker alone. Abnormal levels of Aß42 and t-tau in MCI patients were consistently found to be significant predictors of progression to AD. Ratios of the biomarkers yielded higher relative risk, sensitivity, and specificity than individual biomarkers alone. The findings were consistent across studies of MCI patients. CSF-biomarkers show significant predictive power in aiding in the diagnosis and early identification of MCI patients at risk for progression to AD.
Radiation safety for pain physicians: principles and recommendations

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

C-arm fluoroscopy is a useful tool for interventional pain management. However, with the increasing use of C-arm fluoroscopy, the risk of accumulated radiation exposure is a significant concern for pain physicians. Therefore, efforts are needed to reduce radiation exposure. There are three types of radiation exposure sources: (1) the primary X-ray beam, (2) scattered radiation, and (3) leakage from the X-ray tube. The major radiation exposure risk for most medical staff members is scattered radiation, the amount of which is affected by many factors. Pain physicians can reduce their radiation exposure by use of several effective methods, which utilize the following main principles: reducing the exposure time, increasing the distance from the radiation source, and radiation shielding. Some methods reduce not only the pain physician's but also the patient's radiation exposure. Taking images with collimation and minimal use of magnification are ways to reduce the intensity of the primary X-ray beam and the amount of scattered radiation. It is also important to carefully select the C-arm fluoroscopy mode, such as pulsed mode or low-dose mode, for ensuring the physician's and patient's radiation safety. Pain physicians should practice these principles and also be aware of the annual permissible radiation dose as well as checking their radiation exposure. This article aimed to review the literature on radiation safety in relation to C-arm fluoroscopy and provide recommendations to pain physicians during C-arm fluoroscopy-guided interventional pain management.
Application of thermal microcautery in migraine management

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Thermal microcautery is a novel minimally invasive intervention for migraine. We present a case series of twenty-one patients who underwent this technique. Nineteen patients reported improvement in migraine management. Of these four patients went on to complete remission and a further eleven patients reported over 50% improvement. In addition, the majority of patients noted reductions in intensity and duration of headache with a better response to medication. The efficacy of thermal microcautery generates a new hypothesis that attempts to explain how a neuromodulation technique may be helpful in the management of migraine.
$N=4$ superconformal algebras and diagonal cosets

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Coset constructions of $\mathcal{W}$-algebras have many applications, and were recently given for principal $\mathcal{W}$-algebras of $A$, $D$, and $E$ types by Arakawa together with the first and third authors. In this paper, we give coset constructions of the large and small $N=4$ superconformal algebras, which are the minimal $\mathcal{W}$-algebras of $\mathfrak{d}(2,1;a)$ and $\mathfrak{psl}(2|2)$, respectively. From these realizations, one finds a remarkable connection between the large $N=4$ algebra and the diagonal coset $C^{k_1, k_2} = \text{Com}(V^{k_1+k_2}(\mathfrak{sl}_2), V^{k_1}(\mathfrak{sl}_2) \otimes V^{k_2}(\mathfrak{sl}_2))$, namely, as two-parameter vertex algebras, $C^{k_1, k_2}$ coincides with the coset of the large $N=4$ algebra by its affine subalgebra. We also show that at special points in the parameter space, the simple quotients of these cosets are isomorphic to various $\mathcal{W}$-algebras. As a corollary, we give new examples of strongly rational principal $\mathcal{W}$-algebras of type $C$ at degenerate admissible levels.