jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Flexibility services for household consumers in Finland: Requirements and provided properties

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The ability to shift energy consumption to a time when a lot of energy is available supports the integration of renewable energy sources. Services that intend to do this automatically are currently emerging in the markets. These kinds of flexibility services are targeted as smart services to household consumers, promising them cost savings, optimal living conditions, and other benefits. The purpose of this paper is to examine the current demand and offering of these kinds of services in Finland. We performed an extensive consumer survey to untangle consumers' potential, motivation, and engagement in flexibility services and surveyed the properties, similarities, and differences of the flexibility services in the markets. We then defined a quality dimensions framework for flexibility services, with which we evaluated the results to understand the required properties of the services from a consumer viewpoint and how the services respond to these requirements. The results show that Finnish household consumers are quite willing and ready for these kinds of services, and several services are currently available that fulfill some of the identified requirements. Most of the services are currently provided to larger customers, but it should be noted that there also exists demand among individual households. Therefore, clearer incentives, unambiguous definitions of responsibilities, and effortless service introductions are required to motivate consumer participation.
A Review of Research on Characteristics of Social Development in Withdrawn Children

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Social withdrawal has become an important field in behavior problem research since 1980s and re- searchers both home and abroad have paid more attention to social withdrawal among school children.This paper reviews definition and subtypes of social withdrawal,and then discusses the characteristics of social development in withdrawn children,including social status,friendship and social information processing.At last,some prob- lems of current research and trends of future research are proposed.
Molecular cloning, characterization, and promoter analysis of the human 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1α-hydroxylase gene

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The human 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 -1α-hydroxylase (1α-OHase) gene has been cloned. It contained nine exons and eight introns spanning ≈6.5 kb and a 1.4-kb 5′-flanking region. The 5′-flanking region contains consensus or highly conserved sequences for TATA, Pu, and CCAAT boxes, four cAMP response elements, two activator protein-1 (AP-1) response elements, two AP-2 response elements, three specific protein-1 (Sp1) response elements, and four NF-κB binding sites, but no vitamin D response element. By using luciferase reporter gene constructs of truncated forms of the 1α-OHase promoter transfected into a modified pig kidney cell line, AOK-B50, we identified regulatory regions of the 1.4-kb 1α-OHase promoter for parathyroid hormone 1–34 [PTH(1–34)], forskolin, and 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 [1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ]. The 1.4-kb 1α-OHase promoter (AN1) modestly (1.7-fold) induced luciferase activity, whereas 1,100- (AN2), 827- (AN3), 672- (AN4), 463-(AN5), and 363-bp (AN6)-truncated promoters greatly stimulated luciferase activity by 494-fold, 18.4-fold, 55.3-fold, 643-fold, and 56.4-fold, respectively. PTH(1–34) and forskolin stimulated the activity of all constructs to varying degrees with significantly greater responsiveness for both compounds on AN2 and AN5. 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 suppressed PTH(1–34)-induced activity on AN2 and AN5 constructs by 58% and 52%, respectively, but had no effect on the other constructs. These studies characterize the regulatory regions of the human 1α-OHase gene and provide insight into the physiologic basis for regulation of the expression of this gene by PTH and 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 .
A case-control study of ulcerative colitis in relation to dietary and other factors in Japan. The Epidemiology Group of the Research Committee of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Japan.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The etiology of ulcerative colitis is essentially unknown. A hospital-based case-control study examined the risk of ulcerative colitis in relation to dietary and other factors. Recruited at 20 hospitals across the nation were 101 ulcerative colitis patients who were 10-39 years old at the time of disease onset and whose disease had been diagnosed within the past 3 years. One hundred and forty-three control subjects were also examined. Information on factors was obtained by using a self-administered questionnaire. Combined consumption of western foods (bread for breakfast, butter, margarine, cheese, meats, and ham/ sausage) was significantly related to an increased risk of ulcerative colitis (trend P = 0.04). Of the six food items of the western food group, margarine was positively and significantly associated with ulcerative colitis (trend P = 0.005), and bread for breakfast tended to be positively associated with the risk (trend P = 0.07). No appreciable association was found for the consumption of Japanese foods, vegetables and fruits, confectionery, or soft drinks. Compared with lifelong nonsmokers, current smokers had a decreased risk, and former smokers had an increased risk. This study confirmed a protective association between smoking and ulcerative colitis, and suggested that margarine or chemically modified fat may play an etiological role in the development of ulcerative colitis.
Scleroderma - An Unusual Presenting Feature of Primary Systemic Amyloidosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The case presented in this report is one of 45-year-old female with dysphagia and swelling in the neck since 2 months, breathlessness, history of inability to open the mouth and course of events resembled scleroderma and diagnosis of primary systemic amyloidosis could not be established until autopsy. At autopsy skin, oesophagus, salivary glands, tongue and all the parenchymal organs like spleen, kidney, liver, pancreas, lungs and thyroid showed amyloid deposition which exhibited apple green birefringence by congo red stain and was resistant to potassium permanganate test (KMnO4). It was thus labelled as primary systemic amyloidosis. The purpose of this case report is to reiterate the importance of a high index of suspicion in the unusual clinical presentations of primary generalized amyloidosis.
WaveSleepNet: An Interpretable Network for Expert-Like Sleep Staging

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Although deep learning algorithms have proven their efficiency in automatic sleep staging, their "black-box" nature has limited their clinical adoption. In this study, we propose WaveSleepNet, an interpretable neural network for sleep staging that reasons in a similar way to sleep clinical experts. In this network, we utilize the latent space representations generated during training to identify characteristic wave prototypes corresponding to different sleep stages. The feature representation of an input signal is segmented into patches within the latent space, each of which is compared against the learned wave prototypes. The proximity between these patches and the wave prototypes is quantified through scores, indicating the prototypes' presence and relative proportion within the signal. The scores serve as the decision-making criteria for final sleep staging. During training, an ensemble of loss functions is employed for the prototypes' diversity and robustness. Furthermore, the learned wave prototypes are visualized by analyzing occlusion sensitivity. The efficacy of WaveSleepNet is validated across three public datasets, achieving sleep staging performance that are on par with those of the state-of-the-art models. A detailed case study examining the decision-making process of WaveSleepNet demonstrates that it aligns closely with American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) manual guidelines. Another case study systematically explained the misidentified reasons behind each sleep stage. WaveSleepNet's transparent process provides specialists with direct access to the physiological significance of the model's criteria, allowing for future validation, adoption and further enrichment by sleep clinical experts.
Modulaton of gene expression in human aortic smooth muscle cells by Porphyromonas gingivalis : a possible association between periodontitis and atherosclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a gram-negative, rod-shaped, and anaerobic bacterium that is involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. P. gingivalis produces a variety of virulence factors includi ...
RETRACTED: Implementation of an improved scheme for grid interactive photovoltaic system through 48 V DC appliances

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

A scheme has been implemented to improve the system efficiency, battery life and payback period for a hybrid solar photovoltaic system. A standard solar photovoltaic system has been modified to meet the complete energy demands without an increase in system’s photovoltaic capacity and any new investments. A 220 V alternating current system is replaced by a 48 V direct current system. The actual results show that by using direct current appliances instead of alternating current appliances, 50.6% power savings are achieved through reducing load. A 48 V direct current micro grid is implemented and already installed appliances are modified to operate on 48 V direct current from distribution line. Universal and induction motors in rotary appliances are replaced by brushless direct current motors having minimum electro-mechanical and commutation losses. This implemented direct current system reduces the power conversion stages, diminishing the associated power losses and standby losses resulting in the overall i...
Early Film Criticism of Francois Truffaut

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Before turning to filmmaking, Francois Truffaut was a film critic writing for Cahiers du Cinema during the 1950s. The Early film Criticism of Francois Truffaut makes available, for the first time in English, articles that originally appeared in French journals such as Cahiers du Cinema and Arts. Truffaut discusses films by such acknowledged masters as Hitchcock, Huston, Dymytryk, and Lang, but also examines the work of such lesser-known directors as Robert Wise, Don Weis, and Roger Vadim.
CCNP Remote Access Exam Certification Guide

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

From the Publisher:
The official study guide for CCNP and CCDP Remote Access Exam #640-505

Coverage of all CCNP and CCDP Remote Access Exam topics enables you to identify and fill your knowledge gaps before the exam date. You will learn to:

Determine site requirements in a central office, branch office and small/remote or home office, and select the proper Cisco network devices for remote access purposesDeploy physical connectivity of the WAN devices necessary for remote access purposesImplement, configure, and control modem connectionsUtilize the versatility of Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), essential to today's remote access networksDeploy ISDN BRI connections as well as basic dial-on-demand routing (DDR) and advanced DDR optionsEstablish and control traffic through X.25 and Frame Relay connectionsManage network performance with queuing and compressionScale access control in an expanding network using the AAA utility

CCNP Remote Access Exam Certification Guide is a comprehensive study tool for the CCNP/CCDP Remote Access Exam #640-505. This exam evaluates your ability to build a remote access network to interconnect central sites to branch offices and home office/telecommuters, control access to the central site, and maximize bandwidth utilization over the remote links. This book covers all the major topics on the Remote Access Exam, enabling you to master the concepts and technologies upon which you will be tested.

Each chapter of CCNP Remote Access Exam Certification Guide focuses your study and tests your knowledge of the subjects through specially designed assessment and study features. Do I Know This Already? quizzesassess your knowledge and help you decide how much time you need to spend on each section within a chapter. The well-organized Foundation Topics sections detail all of the exam topics you need to master. Each chapter includes a Foundation Summary section highlighting essential concepts for quick reference. Challenging chapter-ending review questions and exercises test your knowledge of the subject matter, reinforce key concepts, and provide you with the opportunity to apply what you've learned in the chapter. Finally, the companion CD-ROM's robust testing engine enables you to take practice exams that mimic the real testing environment. This customizable software lets you take a full sample exam, focus on particular topic areas, randomize answers for reusability, track your progress, and refer to electronic text to review concepts.

CCNP Remote Access Exam Certification Guide is part of a recommended study program from Cisco Systems that includes training courses and materials from Cisco's Internet Learning Solutions Group, hands-on experience, and Coursebooks and exam guides from Cisco Press. With experience and training under your belt, this book enables you to retain and master the remote access knowledge vital for attaining CCNP or CCDP certification and succeeding in your daily job.

Companion CD-ROM
This companion CD-ROM contains a test bank with over 200 practice questions.
Synthesis of Enantioenriched γ-Amino-α,β-unsaturated Esters Utilizing Palladium-Catalyzed Rearrangement of Allylic Carbamates for Direct Application to Formal [3 + 2] Cycloaddition

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An efficient synthesis of enantioenriched γ-amino-α,β-unsaturated esters was developed by utilizing the palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative rearrangement of enantioenriched allylic carbamates possessing an ester moiety at the allylic position. The reaction proceeded in good yield with a high degree of chirality transfer by making use of Xantphos as a superior ligand for the catalyst. The products directly participated in the formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction with tosyl isocyanate under Brønsted base catalysis to afford enantioenriched β,γ-diamino acid derived imidazolidin-2-ones as versatile chiral building blocks.
Voices/Voces in the Borderlands: A Colloquy on Re/constructing Identities in Re/constructed Legal Spaces

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

While derided as the bane of the Western intellectual tradition and a threat to the most noble of human achievements, multiculturalism (or postmodernism dressed in grunge) has settled with a shrug into the pages of the Spiegel catalog. Listen, as we are cajoled that: [I]n a perfect world, it would be out to tell anyone what’s in. In the meantime, a few ideas seemed important to us. Diversity. A home should be as surprising as its owner. Integrity. There’s a reason some things are called classics. Efficiency. If it isn’t smart, it’s stupid. Other than that, our advice is to do what you want. Be who you are. Make yourself at home.
Fold prediction by a hierarchy of sequence, threading, and modeling methods

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Several fold recognition algorithms are compared to each other in terms of prediction accuracy and significance. It is shown that on standard benchmarks, hybrid methods, which combine scoring based on sequence‐sequence and sequence‐structure matching, surpass both sequence and threading methods in the number of accurate predictions. However, the sequence similarity contributes most to the prediction accuracy. This strongly argues that most examples of apparently nonhomologous proteins with similar folds are actually related by evolution. While disappointing from the perspective of the fundamental understanding of protein folding, this adds a new significance to fold recognition methods as a possible first step in function prediction. Despite hybrid methods being more accurate at fold prediction than either the sequence or threading methods, each of the methods is correct in some cases where others have failed. This partly reflects a different perspective on sequence/structure relationship embedded in various methods. To combine predictions from different methods, estimates of significance of predictions are made for all methods. With the help of such estimates, it is possible to develop a “jury” method, which has accuracy higher than any of the single methods. Finally, building full three‐dimensional models for all top predictions helps to eliminate possible false positives where alignments, which are optimal in the one‐dimensional sequences, lead to unsolvable sterical conflicts for the full three‐dimensional models.
Chainsaw-Carved Cavities Better Mimic the Thermal Properties of Natural Tree Hollows than Nest Boxes and Log Hollows

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The creation of supplementary habitats that effectively mimic the physical and thermal characteristics of natural tree hollows should be a key priority for landscape restoration and biodiversity offset programs. Here, we compare the thermal profiles of natural tree hollows with three types of artificial hollows designed for small marsupial gliders and tree-roosting insectivorous bats: (1) ‘chainsaw hollows’ carved directly into the trunks and branches of live trees, (2) ‘log hollows’, and (3) plywood nest boxes. Chainsaw hollows had thermal profiles that were similar to natural tree hollows: they were consistently warmer than ambient conditions at night, while remaining cooler than ambient during the day. In contrast, glider and bat boxes had the opposite pattern of heating and cooling, being slightly cooler than ambient at night and substantially hotter during the day. Glider log hollows had greater variation in internal temperatures compared to natural hollows and chainsaw hollows, but fluctuated less than glider boxes. Our results provide the first empirical evidence that artificial hollows carved directly into live trees can produce thermally stable supplementary habitats that could potentially buffer hollow-dependent fauna from weather extremes; whereas, poorly insulated plywood nest boxes produce lower-quality thermal environments. Together these findings provide positive impetus for stakeholders involved in conservation management and biodiversity offset programs to consider trialing chainsaw hollows in situations where target fauna require well-insulated supplementary habitats.
British wilderness : A case for designation and management

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The notion of 'wilderness' has its origins in or before Biblical times and man’s relationship with wild nature has a long and changing history. In the USA, the development of the appreciation of wild landscape evolved throughout the period of colonisation and frontier consolidation. It reached its zenith with the creation in 1964 of designated Wilderness Areas backed by congressional law. Wilderness and wild nature have many meanings and much significance both in an anthropogenic and an ecological sense. In Britain, these meanings have been less clearly identified than in the USA but they nevertheless form an important part of our cultural and biological heritage. The role of wild nature in Britain is inevitably tied to a profound and long-standing involvement in land management, even in our most remote landscapes. Many aspects of this management are appreciated by recreationalists where the print of man may even enhance the positive experience of wild country. If Britain is to develop a wilderness tradition and designate wilderness areas at the top of its hierarchy of reserve areas, we must appreciate three things: firstly the ecological need for allowing natural processes to proceed without interference; secondly the value placed on artificial elements by recreationalists; and thirdly the need for a sense of remoteness, solitude and tranquillity to reign in these areas. Accommodating these three conflicting ideas will be an immensely difficult management task, especially in our most popular uplands like the Lake District. Recent discussions on the future of nature management and many current management plans for wild and remoter parts of our landscape are recognising that the wilderness tradition does have a role in British land management practice and that its development is overdue.
Right pulmonary hilar pedicle injury secondary to blunt chest trauma in a child

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Combined tracheobronchial and thoracic vascular injury in children following blunt trauma to the chest is potentially life-threatening and almost certain to be fatal unless managed promptly. We report one such incident where prompt identification and early aggressive surgical management prevented an almost certain fatal outcome in a 5-year-old girl with complete disruption of the right main bronchus just distal to the carina, and a tear in the right pulmonary artery.
Learning Deep Context-Network Architectures for Image Annotation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Context plays an important role in visual pattern recognition as it provides complementary clues for different learning tasks including image classification and annotation. In the particular scenario of kernel learning, the general recipe of context-based kernel design consists in learning positive semi-definite similarity functions that return high values not only when data share similar content but also similar context. However, in spite of having a positive impact on performance, the use of context in these kernel design methods has not been fully explored; indeed, context has been handcrafted instead of being learned. In this paper, we introduce a novel context-aware kernel design framework based on deep learning. Our method discriminatively learns spatial geometric context as the weights of a deep network (DN). The architecture of this network is fully determined by the solution of an objective function that mixes content, context and regularization, while the parameters of this network determine the most relevant (discriminant) parts of the learned context. We apply this context and kernel learning framework to image classification using the challenging ImageCLEF Photo Annotation benchmark; the latter shows that our deep context learning provides highly effective kernels for image classification as corroborated through extensive experiments.
Demagogic Populism in Eastern Europe?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In the first years of post-communist transition in Hungary, populism emerged as a hot topic academically and a veritable curse politically. No party has claimed to be populist, and none has avoided charges of populism levelled by one or another competitor. A demagogic populism seems to be always on the agenda, yet never actually present. In the East European context, however, populism has a peculiar meaning — similar to what it means in Latin America, but very different from what it means in the US. Far from referring to, e.g., Christopher Lasch's small proprietorship or an ethic of individual responsibility, it refers to a political strategy that seeks easy popularity by making unrealizable promises to the lower classes and frustrated domestic business interests.
Jerusalem, the Western Wall Tunnels

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In 2007-2008, excavations were conducted in the Western Wall tunnels, Jerusalem (Permit Nos. A-5124, A-5431; map ref. 222250/631650). The excavations, on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority, were directed by A. Onn, with the assistance of Y. Rapuano, A. Solomon and R. Be'eri (area supervision), V. Essman (surveying), D.T. Ariel (numismatics), P. Reuven (ceramics) and S. Weksler-Bdolah (architecture and stratigraphy). Following the untimely death of Alexander Onn, S. Weksler-Bdolah assumed responsibility for the publication of the excavation.