jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
One interferon gamma receptor binds one interferon gamma dimer.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We investigated the stoichiometry of the interferon gamma and interferon gamma receptor interaction, using recombinant interferon gamma and recombinant soluble interferon gamma receptor, applying chemical cross-linking and chromatographic techniques, and analyzing the resulting products in denaturing polyacrylamide gels. Interferon gamma cross-linked to itself produced a major band of an apparent molecular mass of 34 kDa, which suggests that it exists as a dimer in physiological buffer and which agrees with published data. Soluble interferon gamma receptor cross-linked to itself produced mainly a 28-kDa band, suggesting that the interferon gamma receptor exists as a monomer. Interferon gamma cross-linked to the soluble interferon gamma receptor resulted in the formation of two main products of apparent molecular masses of 60 and 44 kDa. The predominant 60-kDa band resulted from the cross-linking of one interferon gamma dimer (34 kDa) to one interferon gamma receptor molecule (27 kDa). The 44-kDa band was formed by the cross-linking of one interferon gamma molecule to one interferon gamma receptor. Kinetic studies showed that the cross-linking of interferon gamma dimer to the soluble receptor proceeds through the intermediate formed by cross-linking one molecule of the interferon gamma dimer to the receptor. Reducing and dissociating agents inhibited complex formation. When chromatographed on Sephadex G-100, interferon gamma was eluted as a protein of 34-kDa molecular mass, the soluble interferon gamma receptor as a protein of 40 kDa, and their mixture was eluted in one peak corresponding to an apparent molecular mass of 73 kDa. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel analysis of the eluted mixture showed the presence of both interferon gamma and interferon gamma receptor at a ratio of 2:1. The found results suggest that the interferon gamma receptor binds interferon gamma as a dimer.
Selection and Breeding of China-aster "Jinongda Red"

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

China-aster Jinongda Red is from China-aster groups in the natural hybrid plant after the election for six generations.In 3 years of field tests in contrast,plant was height lower than 103.66%,Diameter of flower and number of flower were higher than the control 24.70% and 41.04%.It is suitable for Jilin Province cultivation.
Knowledge Accumulation through Natural Experiments

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Scholars often extoll the benefits of knowledge accumulation. Natural experiments, however, are often thought of as idiosyncratic and one-off studies that may not therefore contribute to cumulative learning. This chapter explores this case against natural experiments. It emphasizes two key dimensions of knowledge about causal effects—generalizability and mechanisms—and underscores three empirical strategies for boosting accumulation: comparing studies in which (1) context varies but treatments and outcomes are similar; (2) different treatments are employed in the same context and with the same outcome measures; and (3) similar treatments are carried out in the same context with distinct, but related, outcomes. Surveying examples of natural experiments across different substantive areas, the authors find that scholars can leverage these strategies to foster cumulative learning. However, several features of these designs and of their use do pose barriers to understanding of generalizability and mechanism. The chapter outlines several ways in which knowledge accumulation using natural experiments can be further enhanced.
Impact of UV Irradiation on Thermally Grown 4H-SiC MOS Devices

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The impact of ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation on thermally grown SiO 2 /4H-SiC structures was investigated by characterizing the 4H-SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors fabricated with and without UV irradiation onto the oxide layers. The UV irradiation was found to significantly increase a hysteresis in capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics and cause a positive flatband voltage (V FB ) shift, suggesting the generation of oxide charges and traps. Since the values of C-V hysteresis and V FB shift depend on the UV irradiation time, the electrical defects were considered to be induced during UV irradiation. In contrast, UV irradiation caused no marked change for the reference Si-MOS capacitors, indicating that the generation of UV-induced electrical defects was an intrinsic property of thermally grown SiO 2 /SiC structures. A detailed characterization of SiC-MOS capacitors with terraced SiO 2 layers revealed that the UV-induced defects were located near the SiO 2 /SiC interface. The interfacial fixed charge density (Q OX ) was estimated to be 1.7×10 12 cm -2 for the sample with UV irradiation, while that of the sample without UV irradiation was 1.0×10 12 cm -2 . Also, a slight increase was found in interface state density (D it ) due to UV irradiation. These results imply that the UV-induced defect generation correlates with residual carbon impurities at the SiO 2 /SiC interface.
Online Classes Design and Delivery Based on Student Responses

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Covid -19 has made a series changes in all system of life especiallyin education. As a result, education has changed dramatically with thedistinctive rise of e-learning. The present study was aim to examine thepreference and perception of MBBS student on newly introduced onlinelive video classes. Methods: For this purpose, an online questionnairesurvey consisting of closed and open-ended questions on nine differentcategories such as accessing online video content, previous experiencewith online learning, interaction with video lectures addressing thecontent, duration, visualise, timings and screen size, perceived learningexperience, the online content learning assessment methods and theexperience with the online learning management system. Two hundredand thirteen undergraduate medical students were participating in thisstudy. And it was conducted by the large medical institution in AndhraPradesh. Results and conclusions: From the results the e learningmethods was encouraged and its gaining popularity among the medicalstudents and faculty only 2.3 % were not satisfied with the online classeson comparison to the traditional methods of learning. But the usefulnessand acceptability of e-learning among medical students as a part of theircurriculum is still not fathomed in medical education.
Septal Pore Cap Protein SPC18, Isolated from the Basidiomycetous Fungus Rhizoctonia solani , Also Resides in Pore Plugs

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The hyphae of filamentous fungi are compartmentalized by septa that have a central pore. The fungal septa and septum-associated structures play an important role in maintaining cellular and intrahyphal homeostasis. The dolipore septa in the higher Basidiomycota (i.e., Agaricomycotina ) are associated with septal pore caps. Although the ultrastructure of the septal pore caps has been studied extensively, neither the biochemical composition nor the function of these organelles is known. Here, we report the identification of the glycoprotein SPC18 that was found in the septal pore cap-enriched fraction of the basidiomycetous fungus Rhizoctonia solani . Based on its N-terminal sequence, the SPC18 gene was isolated. SPC18 encodes a protein of 158 amino acid residues, which contains a hydrophobic signal peptide for targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum and has an N-glycosylation motif. Immunolocalization showed that SPC18 is present in the septal pore caps. Surprisingly, we also observed SPC18 being localized in some plugs. The data reported here strongly support the hypothesis that septal pore caps are derived from endoplasmic reticulum and are involved in dolipore plugging and, thus, contribute to hyphal homeostasis in basidiomycetous fungi.
Understanding consumers' post-consumption behaviors in C2C social commerce: the role of functional and relational customer orientation

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose Social commerce (s-commerce) is an online business model combining commercial and social features. Vendors may engage in a business-oriented relationship with customers and/or establish a personal relationship with customers. The role performed by the vendors may not match customer expectations and needs, resulting in low repurchase intention. Drawing on role theory in the context of customer orientation, this study integrates functional customer orientation (FCO) and relational customer orientation (RCO) with the expectation–confirmation model (ECM) to propose a theoretical framework for explaining customers' post-consumption behaviors. This study also examines how product-specific attributes moderate the effect of FCO and RCO on customer satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach This study analyzed 273 survey responses from WeChat users by using PLS-SEM. Findings The results confirmed that the confirmation of customer expectations positively affected FCO and RCO. Additionally, FCO and RCO had different effects on customer satisfaction, depending on product type and brand awareness, and their effects on customers' post-consumption behaviors also varied. Research limitations/implications The findings suggest that both business and social roles are important to customers in C2C s-commerce. This study also demonstrates product characteristics moderating the effectiveness of customer orientation on customer satisfaction. Practical implications This study provides empirical support for vendors and platform developers to implement appropriate selling strategies and manage customer expectations in C2C s-commerce. Originality/value This study is the first to incorporate FCO and RCO into the ECM theoretical framework to obtain new insights into vendors' selling approaches in C2C s-commerce, thus contributing to the marketing literature.
Fumigant Toxicity of Essential Oils Against Frankliniella occidentalis, F. insularis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), and Solanum lycopersicum (Solanceae) as Affected by Polymer Release and Adjuvants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Some species of thrips have become significant agricultural pests due to their cosmopolitan distribution, feeding damage and vectorial capacity for plant viruses. However, control of this pest is complicated by their life cycle and resistance to conventional insecticides. I sought to explore a novel method of thrips control that addressed these resistance mechanisms by applying essential oils as fumigants. These essential oils included (R)-linalool, racemic linalool, or a binary combination of (R)-linalool with one of twelve other oils (i.e., peppermint, cedarwood, neem, clove, coconut, jojoba, soybean, olive, α-terpineol, 1,8-cineole, trans-anethole and (R)-pulegone) with distilled water as a control. Essential oils were conditioned into hydrogels and exposed to a pesticide resistant species of thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis), a pesticide naive species (Frankliniella insularis), and a host plant of the former (Solanum lycopersicum). Thrips and tomatoes were first exposed separately in in vitro trials, and then together in caged-plant trials. Pure (R)-linalool and its binary mixture with peppermint oil were the most toxic to both species of thrips and tomatoes in in vitro trials. However, caged-plant trials revealed a greater level of resistance to essential oil fumigation than that predicted by in vitro trials. This resistance was attributed to behavioral resistance mechanisms precluded by in vitro trials. While certain essential oils have demonstrated potential as alternatives to conventional insecticides, glasshouse and field trials are necessary to fully quantify the extent to which the life history traits of thrips contribute to bioinsecticide resistance.
Efficacy and tolerability of a single-pill combination of telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide 80/25 mg in Chinese and Korean patients with moderate to severe hypertension: a subgroup analysis of a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled trial.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In Chinese and Korean patients with moderate-to-severe hypertension, treatment with T80/H25 provided large reductions in mean SBP and DBP, and high BP goal attainment rates. This once-daily combination is effective and well tolerated in this patient group.
Contemporary approaches to complex and contaminated hernias: innovations in mesh technology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ventral hernia repair in contaminated fields remains challenging, with evolving mesh technologies reshaping surgical approaches. While biologic mesh was traditionally preferred, recent evidence supports the use of permanent synthetic mesh in Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Class I-III wounds, showing lower recurrence rates and similar infection risks. Biosynthetic meshes, such as Phasix<sup>TM</sup>, provide reliable long-term durability and offer a cost-effective alternative to biologics, with promising infection resistance. A novel mesh suture (Duramesh<sup>TM</sup>) improves fascial closure by distributing tension and integrating with tissue, showing early success in contaminated settings. This review outlines an approach to complex and contaminated hernias that incorporates these new technologies and discusses considerations for staged reconstruction. Permanent synthetic mesh remains the most reliable way to reduce hernia recurrence, while biosynthetic and mesh-suture technologies serve as valuable adjuncts for non-definitive repairs. Further research on the long-term safety and efficacy of biosynthetic meshes and mesh sutures is required to establish consensus in contaminated hernia repair.
Using CSR as a Tool for Development: An Investigation of the Fair Hotels Scheme in Ireland

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This article explores an opportunity for the accommodation sector in Ireland to engage in Corporate Social Responsibility. The aim of this article is to investigate the Fair Hotels Ireland scheme and explore its potential to create social cohesion which may then influence the economic and social progress in both theory and praxis. The research question that supports the aim of this study is: has the Fair Hotels Ireland scheme created value and influenced consumer purchasing? To respond to this research question ten interviews were carried out with Fair Hotel managers in Ireland. A content analysis was used to examine the data. The results indicated that hotel managers noticed an increase in business as a consequence of their CSR and becoming a Fair Hotel; and the scheme was described as creating value for their hotel and staff. However, the managers had not noticed a significant difference in the level of employee satisfaction.
Synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of Cu(II) complexes with the proton transfer salt of 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid and 2-amino-4-methylpyridine

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A proton transfer compound, (Hamp)+(Hdipic)− · 1.5H2O (1), and Cu(II) complexes, [Cu(dipic)(amp)(H2O)] · [Cu(dipic)(amp)] · H2O · CH3COOH (2) and [Cu(dipic)(amp)Cu(dipic)(amp)(H2O)Cu(dipic)(amp)(H2O)] · 3H2O (3), have been synthesized from 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (H2dipic) and 2-amino-4-methylpyridine (amp). They have been characterized by elemental, spectral (1H-NMR, IR, and UV-Vis), and thermal analyses. In addition, magnetic measurements and single crystal X-ray diffraction have been applied to 2 and 3. The crystal structure of 2 consists of two independent and different cationic sites with Cu2+ ions. Cu1 is four-coordinate in a distorted square planar geometry and Cu2 is five-coordinate in a distorted square pyramid. Compound 3 has three independent and different cationic sites of Cu2+ ions. Cu1 is four-coordinate in a distorted square planar geometry and Cu2 and Cu3 have five-coordinate, distorted square-pyramidal sites. Inhibitory effects of 1, 2, and 3 have been studied and compared with starting compounds (amp and H2dipic) on bacterial growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli cultures. Compounds 2 and 3 prevent bacterial growth although 1 has no effect. Compounds 2 and 3 are more effective than amp and H2dipic, at similar concentrations on preventing bacterial growth for both organisms.
A Distributed Framework for Minimizing the Asymmetrical Power Request in Multi-Agent Microgrids With Unbalanced Integration of DERs

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Microgrids (MGs) are initiated in power systems to speed up the integration of the independently operated distributed energy resources (DERs) into the network. In this regard, in multi-agent microgrids (MAMGs), independent agents aim to operate their resources, while the MG operator (MGO) coordinates independent agents to address the operational issues and ensures reliability of the system. In an MAMG, the high integration of single-phase DERs as well as their independent operational scheduling could result in the asymmetrical power flow in the upper-level system. Respectively, addressing the asymmetrical power request of the MAMGs by exploiting the scheduling of DERs seems to be essential due to the limited flexibility capacity in the upper-level power network, which would finally improve the operating condition of the power system. Consequently, this paper aims to develop a transactive-based scheme to minimize the conceived asymmetrical operation of MAMGs. Accordingly, MGO employs transactive energy signals to minimize the asymmetrical power request of the MAMG by exploiting the scheduling of DERs, while ensuring the privacy of independent agents. Eventually, the proposed framework is applied on an MAMG test system to study its efficacy in alleviating the asymmetrical power request from the upper-level system.
Wrestling with Violence and Injustice Abroad and at Home

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Most Central and South American civil wars drew to a close by the late 1980s and early 1990s, overlapping with the more abrupt end of the Cold War in 1989–1991. That is not to say that armed conflict in Latin American countries completely ceased or that new, more equitable societies replaced militarized and highly stratified ones. The end of the civil wars dramatically reduced the pervasiveness of the bloodshed but did little to narrow the enormous income and opportunity gaps between the small number of wealthy, powerful elites and the majority of poor, in both rural and urban areas. As a result, ethical tensions remained, including over the limitations of peace agreements and conflicting goals of truth and reconciliation commissions instituted in the aftermath of conflicts.
Design and implementation of asynchronous low power sub-threshold memory circuit

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This project presents the design and implementation of a low-power asynchronous memory circuit operating in subthreshold region down to 0.2V. The memory circuit will be employed in a low-power asynchronous subthreshold FIR filter. The purposes of this project are to investigate the power and energy dissipation as well as signal propagation delay time of the memory circuit operation at subthreshold region using IBM 0.13µm CMRF8SF process technology Low Power (LP) transistor model. The design and simulation of the memory circuit uses Synopsys NanoSim and Cadence Virtuoso. First, a SPICE file circuit netlist is created and simulated using NanoSim. Subsequently, the schematic and layout of the circuit is built using Virtuoso. The goal for this project is to ensure that the memory circuit operates robustly at 0.2V. The simulation result shows that using IBM 0.13µm CMRF8SF LP transistor model, the memory circuit can operate robustly at 0.18V, with average power dissipation of 22pW, write delay 212µs and read delay 215µs. A SRAM memory circuit is designed and simulated to benchmark the performance of the proposed memory circuit. The SRAM memory circuit works as low as 0.42V. The proposed asynchronous low power subthreshold memory circuit can operate at much lower operating voltage (0.18V) compared to conventional SRAM. Another benchmark circuit is the same circuit design using IBM 0.13µm CMRF8SF Regular Threshold Voltage (RVT) transistor model. Using RVT transistor, the circuit operates at 0.18V with average power dissipation of 2911pW, write delay 1483ns and read delay 1803ns. LP transistor model has a low power dissipation (22pW) advantage over RVT transistor model.
Primary Fontan Procedure in an Adult Patient with Apicocaval Juxtaposition

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fontan型手術の適応は拡大し，条件も低年齢化したが，成人期に拡大可能か不明である．手術未施行の成人例は長期低酸素と容量負荷から低心機能と心拡大を伴うため，心尖下大静脈同側例へのTotal cavo-pulmonary connection（TCPC）手術では，導管ルートに配慮が必要となる．心尖下大静脈同側の成人例に一期的Fontan型手術を施行した．症例は，48歳男性で，小児期に右室性単心室と診断されたがFontan型手術に至らなかった．息切れと動悸から就労困難となった．診断は両大血管右室起始，右室性単心室，肺動脈弁と弁上部狭窄を認めた．精査し手術適応と判断した．手術は，肺動脈形成およびTCPC手術を行った．圧迫回避目的に導管は心尖同側心房内を通した．術後経過は良好で，術後32日目に退院し，退院後3ヶ月で職場に復帰した．成人期単心室症例に再評価を行い，一期的TCPCを施行した．成人期TCPCは有用な術式であるが，適応には慎重な判断を要する．心尖下大静脈同側で心拡大を伴う成人例に心房内ルートは有用であった．
In Response

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We thank Brull et al1 for their interest in our work.2 We attempted to improve resident anesthesiologists’ practice of documenting train-of-four count (TOFc) or train-of-four ratio (TOFr) before extubation by generating an individualized quality feedback tool. In addition, we gave an educational lecture about the consequences of postoperative respiratory weakness and the importance of obtaining quantitative data on the degree of neuromuscular blockade before extubation. Unfortunately, the improved documentation by anesthesiology residents was not sustained. Incorporating mandatory charting of TOFc or TOFr into the electronic anesthesia record as suggested1 would certainly seem to strengthen our intervention. In fact, we have successfully used a “nudge” technique in the past to improve anesthesia providers’ adherence to lung-protective ventilation.3 We appreciate this suggestion and encourage all to consider such a technique to improve compliance with this and other important quality measures. Katherine T. Forkin, MDDepartment of AnesthesiologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesville, Virginia[email protected]Edward C. Nemergut, MDDepartment of AnesthesiologyDepartment of NeurosurgeryUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesville, Virginia
The Joy of Sprawly Mess Unknowing: Volcanic Data Eruptions and Irruptions

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article uses the figuration of the volcano to demonstrate the disruptive and irruptive power of post-qualitative research. The article’s volcanic irruptions aim to keep data on the move, to show how data continually and slowly proliferate in rhizomatic, nomadic, and unforeseen ways via different, ongoing experimentations, instantiating the processual research practices of knowledge-ing. This article includes, and celebrates, empirical materials collectively produced as part of a collaborative research project entitled Get Up and Move!, which enacted posthumanist, feminist materialist research practices. We were curious about how we might activate the volcano to disrupt traditional modes of data collection, analysis, and dissemination rituals through research-creation events. By concept-ing with the volcano, through the creation of volcanic calligrams, we intra-act with data, as data erupt and irrupt in powerful, agentic, and surprising ways.