jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
State support for civic engagement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Civics education continues to gain national importance, especially in the aftermath of the 2020 presidential election and with recent debates about the teaching of history and critical race theory in schools. At the same time, Americans’ civics knowledge seems to be in a state of decline, with the first recorded drop in U.S. adults being able to name all three branches of government since 2016. Despite the increasing interest in strengthening civics education, states continue to differ in their interpretation of what constitutes relevant and high-quality civic engagement among students. As of 2018, 42 states required students to take a course in civics and government, with 8 of those states requiring a full year of civics and 19 states requiring a civics exam to graduate, often resembling the U.S. citizenship test. Two states, New Hampshire and Pennsylvania, allow local education agencies to develop locally determined assessments of students’ civics knowledge or else require that students take the U.S. citizenship test. A growing number of states are encouraging civic learning and acknowledging that students can be active participants in civic life. This report describes how 10 states are implementing policies that increasingly support a new approach to civics education that engages students in inquiry, civic reasoning, and civic action.
Infant Health Matters: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A collaborative of professional, clinical, community health, and family support organizations improving the lives of premature infants and their families through education and advocacy.Access to an exclusive human milk diet for premature infants Increased emotional support resources for parents and caregivers suffering from PTSD/PPD Access to RSV preventive treatment for all premature infants as indicated on the FDA label Clear, science-based nutrition guidelines for pregnant and breastfeeding mothers Safe, accurate medical devices and
Macrophages/microglia and the pathophysiology of CNS injuries in AIDS

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract How HIV-1 penetrates the central nervous system (CNS) and induces neurological disease remains poorly understood. Clinical and pathological consequences of HIV-1 associated CNS infections are the subjects of a relatively new field comprising a spectrum of many brain diseases including those that are HIV-1 associated or secondary to bacterial, fungal, protozoal, or tumor infiltration of brain. The molecular and biological approaches used to study HIV-1-mediated brain disease are interdisciplinary. A wide variety of expertise and cooperative research efforts is required between molecular virologists, cellular immunologists, and neurobiologists. Indeed, specialists studying microglial maturation, astrocyte function, neurotoxicity, HIV-1 neurovirulence, and apoptosis all play pivotal roles in examining facets of this disease complex.
A regression model combined convolutional neural network and recurrent neural network for electroencephalogram-based cross-subject fatigue detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Fatigue, one of the most important factors affecting road safety, has attracted many researchers’ attention. Most existing fatigue detection methods are based on feature engineering and classification models. The feature engineering is greatly influenced by researchers’ domain knowledge, which will lead to a poor performance in fatigue detection, especially in cross-subject experiment design. In addition, fatigue detection is often simplified as a classification problem of several discrete states. Models based on deep learning can realize automatic feature extraction without the limitation of researcher’s domain knowledge. Therefore, this paper proposes a regression model combined convolutional neural network and recurrent neural network for electroencephalogram-based (EEG-based) cross-subject fatigue detection. At the same time, a twofold random-offset zero-overlapping sampling method is proposed to train a bigger model and reduce overfitting. Compared with existing results, the proposed method achieves a much better result of 0.94 correlation coefficient (COR) and 0.09 root mean square error (RMSE) in a within-subject experiment design. What is more, there is no misclassification between awake and drowsy states. For cross-subject experiment design, the COR and RMSE are 0.79 and 0.15, respectively, which are close to the existing within-subject results and better than similar cross-subject results. The cross-subject regression model is very important for fatigue detection application since the fatigue indication is more precise than several discrete states and no model calibration is required for a new user. The twofold random-offset zero-overlapping sampling method can also be used as a reference by other EEG-based deep learning research.
Konsep Pendidikan Karakter Dalam Pandangan Jalaluddin Rumi (Studi Kitab Fihi Ma Fihi)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Character education in Islamic religious teachings is a rule for doing good deeds stated in the Qur'an and Al-Hadith. The essence of Islamic teachings is noble morals that rests on a harmonious and balanced relationship between humans and God, and between humans and humans. Character education in Islamic religious teachings is a rule for doing good deeds stated in the Qur'an and Al-Hadith. Abuddin Nata said that the core of Islamic teachings is noble morals that rest on a harmonious and balanced relationship between humans and God, and between humans and humans. This research is a qualitative research, the data presented is in the form of descriptive data obtained through books that are relevant to the object of study. The results of this research found character education in Maulana Jalaluddin Rumi's view through his work entitled Fihi Ma Fihi, including religious, noble character, loving knowledge, skilled (capable), creative, democratic, responsible, and hardworking.
opportunitiEs of usE of thE biofEEdback mEthod in rEhabilitation of p ati E nts with occupational dis E as E s caus E d by ch E mical and physical factors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Показана возможность применения биоуправления у пациентов с экзогенной токсической энцефалопатией в отдаленном периоде хронической ртутной интоксикации, а также с вибрационной болезнью от воздействия локальной вибрации. Эффективность метода биологической обратной связи (БОС) оценивалась по данным ЭЭГ, слуховых, зрительных и соматосенсорных вызванных потенциалов, электронейромиографии, термометрии, дозированной холодовой пробы, реографии. БОС-тренинг у лиц с хронической ртутной интоксикацией способствовал уменьшению общемозговых изменений по ЭЭГ, улучшению показателей вызванных потенциалов мозга, у пациентов с вибрационной болезнью – снижению проявления ангиодистонического синдрома, восстановлению нервно-мышечной проводимости. Ключевые слова: биологическая обратная связь, отдаленный период хронической ртутной интоксикации, вибрационная болезнь от воздействия локальной вибрации, электроэнцефалография, электронейромиография, термометрия, дозированная холодовая проба, реография
The Passive Transfer to Normal Dogs of Skin Reactivity, Asthma and Anaphylaxis from a Dog with Spontaneous Ragweed Pollen Hypersensitivity

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Summary The spontaneous ragweed pollen hypersensitivity disease of a dog has been passively transferred to normal dogs. Wheal and erythema type skin reactivity, asthma and anaphylaxis were transferred by a heat labile serum factor. Extravasation of Evans blue dye in reactive sites in passively sensitized skin sites increased visibility of the Prausnitz-Küstner reactions. Postmortem examination of dogs dying of anaphylaxis showed marked changes in the liver and intestines.
“The Promises of God”: New African Missionary Initiatives in the Lengthened Shadow of the 1910 Edinburgh Missionary Conference

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

t was the final gathering of pastors at the Joe R. Engle Institute of Preaching.I look forward to this institute all year, when those who have been in ministry for at least two years come to be better preachers-to better proclaim the gospel in their particular communities.I look forward to this gathering of preachers because they know what they know, and they know what they don't know-and they want my help, though I'm kept humble by the pastor who said, "They really should teach a speech course like this at Princeton Seminary."Turns out, he was one of my former students in the required year-long course in speech.It was at this final gathering that Dean James Kay, quoting James Forbes, said that preachers need to be called and re-called.As Dean Kay continued, an irrev¬ erent reverend next to me whispered in my ear, "That could be taken two differ¬ ent ways."Disguising a chuckle as a cough, I realized he was right.Whether a preacher is re-called or recalled depends on how it is said and how it is heard.It depends on the tone of voice.In the parable of the prodigal son and the elder brother, we have images and tones for characters who are both re-called and recalled.We often think of this story in terms of plot.However, when reading the text aloud, I find myself
Pyrolysis-compound specific isotopic analysis (P-CSIA: Py-GC- (FID)-C-IRMS) of carbohydrate derived structures

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The pyrolytic behavior of two commercial sugar samples arising from a C3 plant (cane sugar) and a C4 plant (beet sugar) were studied using both conventional analytical pyrolysis (Py-GC/MS) and ¿13C pyrolysis compound specific isotope analysis (P-CSIA: Py-GC- (FID)-C-IRMS). \nMajor pyrolysis compounds identified by Py-GC/MS were Furfural-5-methyl (MF), Furfural-5-hydroxymethyl (HMF) and Levoglucosane (LV). Expected differences in bulk ¿13C (¿) were found between the sugar from C3 and C4 plants but also for the main specific compounds released after pyrolysis with ¿13C values for cane sugar: MF -14.35±0.89 ¿, HMF -11.22±0.54 ¿ and LV -11.44±1.26 ¿; and for beet sugar: FM -24.65±0.89 ¿, HMF -22.07±0.41 ¿ and LV -21.74±0.17 ¿. Outstanding significant linear regressions were observed when analyzing the ¿13C isotopic signature for the main specific sugar pyrolysis compounds in mixtures of beet sugar in cane sugar (20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%): MF ¿13C (¿)= -0.093sugar (%) - 14.66 (R² = 0.94); HMF ¿13C (¿)= -0.11sugar(%) - 11.51 (R² = 0.99) and LV ¿13C (¿)= -0.10sugar(%) - 12.31 (R² = 0.97). \nThe MF, HMF and LV are structures commonly found in pyrolysates from a wide range of organic materials sharing a common carbohydrate precursor (saccharides). Our results indicate that pyrolysis compound specific isotopic analysis (P-CSIA) of such structures can be used as markers surrogated to the estimation of organic matter turn-over times -mainly for ¿fast C pools¿- in complex matrices like soils and sediments.
Synergistic effects of ethanolic plant extract mixtures against food-borne pathogen bacteria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant extracts are an important part in agroecology, as they benefit environment in combating pathogenic organisms, without resorting to synthetic chemicals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of mixtures of ethanol extracts from semi-desert plants [creosote bush (Larrea tridentata), tarbush (Flourensia cernua) and paddle cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica)] against Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. The maximum antimicrobial activity was achieved with the creosote bush–tarbush-paddle cactus mix (1:1:1) v/v, followed by paddle cactus-tarbush (1:1) v/v. E. coli was the bacterial strain that showed the highest growth inhibition as consequence of the concentration of plant extracts (4000 and 5000 ppm of tarbush). While with the creosote bush plant extracts, the highest inhibition halos were observed. Synergistic effects were observed when mixtures of ethanolic plant extract against food-borne pathogen bacteria were used, so this may be a better way to design alternative pathogen control methodologies for food-borne pathogen bacteria. Key words: Larrea tridentate, Flourensia cernua, Opuntia ficus-indica, ethanolic plant extract mixtures, food-borne pathogen.
On a ordering of area tensor elements orientations in a micropolar continuum immersed in an external plane space

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The paper deals with the problems of ordering the reper orientations for a micropolar continuum immersed in an external plane space. Based on the concept of an elementary tensor volume (area) \\(M\\)-cells, an algorithm for comparing and matching external spatial orientations of \\(M\\)-cells is proposed. The process of continuous transfer of reper directions associated with a \\(M\\)-cell is considered. As a result, we can talk about the orientation of micropolar continuum itself and its boundary. The oriented continuum plays an important role in micropolar elasticity. This is especially true for the theory of hemitropic elastic media. The pseudotensor formulation of Stokes' theorem is discussed.
Ein Beitrag zur Kristallchemie der oxidischen Alkali-Erdalkali-Edelmetall-Perowskite. Synthese und Kristallstruktur von NaBa4Cu0,5Pt1,5O8 / A Contribution to the Crystal Chemistry of Alcaline Alealine Earth Precious Metal Perovskites. Synthesis and Crystal Structure of NaBa4Cu0,5Pt1,5O8

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Single crystals of the phase NaBa 4 Cu 0,5 Pt 1,5 O 8 were prepared in closed silver tubes. The black and moisture sensitive crystals were investigated by four-circle diffractometer X-ray tech­niques. They show trigonal symmetry, space group D 2 3 -P321, a = 10.0644, c = 8.3811 Å, Z = 3 and belong to the perovskites. The typical M 2 C 9 ; double octahedra are occupied by Pt 4+ and Cu 2+ in a different manner. Na + is partly in and out of the centres of trigonal prisms of oxygen. These features will be discussed with respect to the underoccupied point position O(3).
Non-competitive immunochemiluminometric assay for cardiotrophin-1 detects elevated plasma levels in human heart failure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) leads to a specific form of ventricular hypertrophy characterized by sarcomeres added in series, and has been reported to be elevated in heart failure. Previous competitive assays for CT-1 necessitate the extraction of plasma and involve prolonged incubations. We describe the development of a non-competitive assay for CT-1 that can measure plasma levels without the need for extraction. Two antibodies specific for the mid-section (amino acids 105-120) and C-terminal (amino acids 186-199) portions of CT-1 were developed in rabbits. One antibody was immobilized and used as the capture antibody. The other antibody was affinity purified and biotinylated. Unextracted plasma was incubated with these antibodies, and detection was with methylacridinium ester-labelled streptavidin. Plasma was obtained from 40 patients with heart failure and 40 normal control subjects. The non-competitive assay demonstrated a linear increase in chemiluminescence (measured as relative light units) with increasing amounts of full-length recombinant CT-1, with no evidence of a hook effect at high concentrations. The lower limit of detection was 2.9 fmol/ml. Intra-assay coefficients of variation ranged from 3.1% to 4.2% in the 10-40fmol/well concentration range, and interassay coefficients of variation ranged from 3.5% to 4.5% in the 550-950fmol/ml range. Measurements of CT-1 levels in patients with heart failure (median 166.5fmol/ml; range 49.5-2788fmol/ml) revealed very significantly elevated levels compared with those in normal controls (median 43.5fmol/ml; range 11.2-258.6fmol/ml; P < 0.0001 by Mann-Whitney test). At a CT-1 concentration of 68fmol/ml, sensitivity and specificity were 95% and 82.5% respectively. Thus this new non-competitive immunochemiluminometric assay for CT-1 could successfully detect full-length recombinant CT-1 in unextracted plasma, and demonstrated that plasma levels of CT-1 were significantly elevated in patients with heart failure.
The Retrosynthesis and Proposed Forward Synthesis of Peniditerpenoids A, Extracted from Mangrove-Sediment-Derived Penicillium sp. for the Treatment of Osteoporosis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Recently, two natural products, named Peniditerpenoids A and B were extracted from Penicillium sp. SCSIO 41411 in the mangrove-sediment-derived fungus. The former, a di-seco-indole diterpenoid, Peniditerpenoid A has a great effort in treating osteoporosis. Its pharmaceutical mechanism can be simply indicated in the following figure. In literature-studies verified that Peniditerpenoid A successfully inhibited the activation of TAK1 and then prevented the phosphorylation of IkB and the translocation of the p65 cell the subunit of NF-kB. Besides, the levels of NF-kB activation and NFATc1 transcription were both reduced to some extent. Finally, the differentiation of RANKL-induced osteoclasts in bones was eliminated obviously, and the symptoms of osteoporosis gradually got better. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the chemical synthesis of this natural molecule. In the following paper, the basic concepts of retrosynthesis strategy were first introduced and then focused on the whole synthetic pathways of Peniditerpenoid A by using the sense of forward retrosynthesis result in organic chemistry fields. To be aware, the result relied on the theoretical result rather than experimental support.
Frequency of Incidental Findings and Outcome Measures in Patients Admitted to an Urban Level I Trauma Center

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: With the advancement in availability and sophistication of computed tomography (CT), a number of patients are being identified with incidental abnormalities or "incidentalomas". The purpose of this descriptive analysis is to describe the prevalence of abnormal findings unrelated to injury recognized during trauma evaluation at a Level I Trauma Center and determine if appropriate follow-up occurred.\nMethods: A retrospective cohort analysis of all head, spine, face, chest, abdomen, and pelvic CT scan reports in adult patients admitted to a Level I urban Trauma Center over a three month period was undertaken to determine the frequency of incidental findings and subsequent follow-up either in the acute care or outpatient setting.\nResults: A total of 500 consecutive patients received 3,460 CT scans with an average of 6.9 scans per person per admission. The population was predominantly male (71 %) with a mean age of 45 years. Incidentalomas were found in 65% of patients (325/500) yielding 760 individual findings. The most common incidentaloma involved degenerative spine disease in 50% followed by liver, head and neck, kidney, and other diagnoses. Further follow-up was recommended in 80 radiology reports with 27 of those indicating future follow-up. Twenty-six diagnostic studies and ten specialist consultations subsequently occurred.\nDiscussion: Incidentalomas are becoming increasingly common with the utilization of sensitive scanning by computed tomography. Our findings are consistent with those of other studies that have determined the frequency of the incidentaloma. We also encountered similar challenges regarding incomplete follow-up of those patients needing systematic follow-up. Several issues impending adequate follow-up probable in our population include, lack of insurance, transportation, or other social situations encountered in the trauma population as well as inconsistencies in staff communication, recommendations, and adequate description of findings.
Productivity versus elasticity: a normalized constant elasticity of substitution production function applied to historical Soviet data

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study tests the extensive growth hypothesis, which would attribute the Soviet economic slowdown to low elasticity of substitution and over-investment rather than deteriorating productivity growth. To circumvent the low availability of data, widely applicable new methods for estimating productivity and elasticity of substitution were developed based on the normalized constant elasticity of substitution (CES) production function. One is an extended version of the Solow residual calculation, and the other is a direct estimation of the time-varying parameter normalized CES production function. The application of the methods to the Soviet data showed a decreasing trend in productivity growth and a low elasticity of substitution of approximately 0.25. The results neither reject nor support the extensive growth hypothesis because of uncertainty in the interpretation of the low elasticity of substitution. The results suggest that it is reasonable to assert that both deteriorating productivity growth and low elasticity of substitution caused the Soviet economic slowdown. Further empirical studies on productivity and elasticity of substitution in the Soviet and other economies are necessary to fully understand relations between productivity growth, elasticity of substitution and economic development.
Tailoring Nanoporous\nSilica and Natural Straw Structural\nInsulation Composites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Nanoporous silica exhibits ultralow thermal conductivity\nas a result\nof its nanoscale pore size, high pore volume, and specific surface\narea. In this study, we report the self-assembled surfactant-templated\nsynthesis of nanoporous silica, which is integrated with cellulose\nfibers derived from natural straw to manufacture high thermal insulation\nand mechanically robust nanocomposites. The nanocomposite shows a\nlow thermal conductivity of 22.5 mW/(m·K), a compressive modulus\nof 0.93 MPa, and a hydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 125°.\nMoreover, we observed a marked reduction in water absorption capacity\nand a carbon footprint of 0.21 kg CO<sub>2</sub> equiv/kg.\nThis study provides a pathway toward the development of nanoporous\nstructural insulation materials for energy-efficient building applications.
Involved Parents: Characteristics and Resources of Fathers and Mothers of Young Handicapped Children

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Who are the families who choose to participate in an early intervention program tailored to meet the needs of traditionally underserved members of the young handicapped child's family? In an HCEEP project for fathers and their infants and toddlers, both parents completed a set of measures that provided demographic information, as well as data in the following areas: paternal information needs; family responsibilities; parent levels of depression; personal time; organized group affiliation; and satisfaction with their present situations. Fathers who participated in the pilot program for the project were compared to newly enrolled fathers along these variables, and husbands' and wives' responses were compared. Fathers who had been in the pilot program were less depressed, had more positive feelings about their interactions with their children, and had greater access to social supports than the newly enrolled fathers. Predisposing variables associated with families' program participation are discussed.
A new species of <em>Separatoppia</em> (Acari: Oribatida: Oppiidae) from Ethiopia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The oribatid mite genus Separatoppia currently comprises four previously described species. We describe a new species, Separatoppia horvathae sp. nov., collected from soil in the Harenna forest within the Bale Mountains National Park (southeastern Ethiopia). This new species differs from its congeners by the extremely long sensilli. We present the first description of the ovipositor, gnathosoma and leg setation and solenidia of a Separatoppia species.