jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Myocardial Tissue Remodeling in Adolescent Obesity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Childhood obesity is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Although ventricular remodeling has been reported in obese youth, early tissue‐level markers within the myocardium that precede organ‐level alterations have not been described. Methods and Results We studied 21 obese adolescents (mean age, 17.7±2.6 years; mean body mass index [ BMI ], 41.9±9.5 kg/m 2 , including 11 patients with type 2 diabetes [T2D]) and 12 healthy volunteers (age, 15.1±4.5 years; BMI , 20.1±3.5 kg/m 2 ) using biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging ( CMR ) to phenotype cardiac structure, function, and interstitial matrix remodeling by standard techniques. Although left ventricular ejection fraction and left atrial volumes were similar in healthy volunteers and obese patients (and within normal body size‐adjusted limits), interstitial matrix expansion by CMR extracellular volume fraction ( ECV ) was significantly different between healthy volunteers (median, 0.264; interquartile range [IQR], 0.253 to 0.271), obese adolescents without T2D (median, 0.328; IQR, 0.278 to 0.345), and obese adolescents with T2D (median, 0.376; IQR, 0.336 to 0.407; P =0.0001). ECV was associated with BMI for the entire population ( r =0.58, P <0.001) and with high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein ( r =0.47, P <0.05), serum triglycerides ( r =0.51, P <0.05), and hemoglobin A1c ( r =0.76, P <0.0001) in the obese stratum. Conclusions Obese adolescents (particularly those with T2D) have subclinical alterations in myocardial tissue architecture associated with inflammation and insulin resistance. These alterations precede significant left ventricular hypertrophy or decreased cardiac function.
Histomorphometric study of rat liver during the treatment of the acute toxic injury

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Introduction. There are a few effective therapies are available for acute liver injury at present. The aim of the study was to investigate histological and morphometric changes in the liver using models of toxic damage caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) and acetaminophen during correction with Oxymethyluracil (OMU). Material and methods. A total of ninety rats were divided into 18 groups. The treatment of acute liver damage models caused by a single injection of CCl4 or acetaminophen was carried out using “Heptor”, “Mexidol”, and OMU. The correction was carried out twice (sacrificed 24 hours after intoxication) and four times (sacrificed 72 hours after intoxication). Liver tissues were processed using standard histological techniques (H&E). A semi-quantitative assessment was performed using a scale based on the severity of liver cell deaths. Results. Twenty-four hours after administration of CCl4 or 72 hours after administration of acetaminophen, the treatment with OMU led to a decrease in liver cell death compared to the group with administration of only CCl4 or acetaminophen. Seventy-two hours after CCl4 and 24 hours after acetaminophen intoxication, these groups with the OMU treatment did not differ from those of the carbon tetrachloride- or acetaminophen-induced liver injury groups, respectively. Conclusion. Thus, on the model of CCl4 liver injury, the treatment with OMU is more effective for 24 hours. In the case of acetaminophen intoxication, the effectiveness of treatment with OMU is better for 72 hours. The results obtained are possibly associated with a different mechanism of the damaging effect of the studied toxicants.
Leveraging Digitalization for Enhanced Publication and Marketing of Sports Services

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Sports institutions in Indonesia have yet to fully embrace digital channels for disseminating and promoting their services to the public. Despite some institutions engaging in digital publication through mainstream social media platforms, the existing features fail to comprehensively address the requirements of the sports sector. This study aims to assess the efficacy of publication and marketing efforts by digitizing sports institutions via the SHC app, purposefully designed for the sports sector's publication needs. Employing a qualitative approach, data were collected from 108 sports institution managers utilizing the SHC app. Data collection entailed the use of a Likert scale questionnaire ranging from 1 to 5. Validity of the data was tested through Pearson Product Moment analysis, and reliability was evaluated using Cronbach Alpha. Subsequently, the data underwent quantitative descriptive analysis and Spearman Rank correlation analysis. Findings reveal that all features within the SHC app significantly impact and foster strong relationships in the publication and marketing endeavors of sports institutions. In summary, the SHC app proves highly conducive to the digitalization of sports institutions, significantly enhancing their publication and marketing initiatives. Keywords: digitalization of sports, publication, marketing, sports services, shc app
Laboratory learning: influence of the perceived laboratory mode on learning outcomes

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This paper presents the results of the second phase of a study that investigated differences in learning outcomes of university students who conducted laboratory experiments in two different modes in the local domain: hands-on and simulated. In order to keep constant as many variables as possible (such as experimental approach, learning objectives and tests, supervision, teaching materials), a crossover study approach was deployed. During the first phase of the study, it was found that there were statistically significant differences in learning outcomes of 102 study participants, favouring the hands-on mode. Since laboratory experiments in both modes were created to be very similar, the reason for this difference needed clarification. It was hypothesised that the difference in learning outcomes originated from different perceptions on the efficacy of hands-on and simulated experiments. In order to check this hypothesis, a modified second phase of the study with 113 subjects was conducted. This time, in order to ensure that the mode of a laboratory experiment will not be an influencing factor, all participants used hands-on equipment for laboratory experiments. Subjects from one group actually used hands-on equipment. Subject from the other group only thought that they are conducting hands-on experiments. In fact, their equipment was 'modified' to display the results of simulated experiments. The outcomes of the second phase of the study supported the 'perception' hypothesis. No statistically significant differences in learning outcomes of the subjects from the second phase of the experiment were discovered.
Reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ? treating to target and meeting new European goals

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Many hypercholesterolaemic patients fail to achieve target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in clinical practice. In part, this failure is related to inadequate efficacy of commonly used statins in reducing LDL-C and to difficulties inherent in dose titration. The availability of statins that produce large decreases in LDL-C at starting doses could significantly improve treatment of patients by facilitating achievement of LDL-C goals. The multi-national MERCURY I trial has shown that rosuvastatin at its starting 10-mg dose enables more patients to reach target LDL-C levels and reduces LDL-C more than starting or higher doses of other commonly used statins. In addition, post hoc analyses of data from trials comparing rosuvastatin with atorvastatin, simvastatin and pravastatin indicate that rosuvastatin enables more hypercholesterolaemic patients to reach the newly published LDL-C goals in the Third Joint Task Force European guidelines, including the most aggressive goals, than do other statins at starting doses and across dose ranges. Improved goal achievement at starting doses, as well as the concomitant greater reduction in LDL-C, may constitute an important advantage in clinical practice.
Clinical and Sociodemographic Characteristics Associated with Emergency Peripartum Hysterectomy due to Puerperal Sepsis in Malawi

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In Malawi, emergency peripartum hysterectomy continues to be routine for the management of puerperal sepsis. While the hysterectomy may be life-saving for the mother, it carries with it life-altering permanent sterility. The surgeon is left with a difficult dilemma: remove the infection source (uterus) to preserve the life of the patient at the cost of her fertility, or preserve the uterus and fertility but risk worsening infection and possible death for the patient. The objective of this study was to (1) identify characteristics associated with mortality post-laparotomy due to puerperal sepsis and (2) identify characteristics associated with emergency peripartum hysterectomy in the management of puerperal sepsis.In this retrospective chart review, we obtained medical records of patients who underwent laparotomy secondary to puerperal sepsis at a tertiary hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi. Data collected included demographic information and clinical findings. These data were compared between women with and without adverse outcomes. Chi-squared tests were used to determine if there were significant relationships between variables and outcomes.Fifty-eight patient records met inclusion criteria. The following characteristics were significantly associated with mortality: age greater than 30, multiparity, vaginal delivery, and intensive care unit admission. Cesarean delivery and an intraoperative finding of necrosis were significantly associated with hysterectomy.Emergency peripartum hysterectomy in the setting of puerperal sepsis is a significant source of maternal morbidity and mortality. To prevent emergency peripartum hysterectomy, it is important to have prompt recognition and treatment of puerperal sepsis, to have access to adequate antibiotics, and to have standards to guide the role of hysterectomy as the definitive and necessary treatment for puerperal sepsis.
Personalized education: Features of training future teachers of the Russian language in a pedagogical university

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The authors of the article explore the issue of personalized learning for students of a pedagogical university in the course of transition of modern education to a qualitatively new level. In the conditions of the departure from the Bologna system, new tasks have been set for higher education, their implementation requires a significant update of the syllabuses of all academic disciplines by attracting modern approaches, methods and teaching aids, developing methodological recommendations for authorial courses in accordance with new requirements. The novelty of the proposed study lies in the fact that we propose to include elements of personalization in teaching disciplines of the methodological cycle at a pedagogical university (based on the development of soft skills). In this regard, the article considers the personalization of learning as a vector of the modern educational process; competence-based approach to learning at a new stage; the competence model of educational programs. The presented didactic material for conducting classes in the discipline “Methods of teaching the Russian language” was developed taking into account the personalization of education and is aimed at developing students’ soft skills. The wide range of tasks that we offer will undoubtedly require additional knowledge and a large amount of independent work on the part of the students, which, in turn, will allow individualizing education for students with different levels of training and help them build their own educational trajectory.
Neural-specific carbohydrate moiety shared by many surface glycoproteins in Drosophila and grasshopper embyros

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Antiserum against horseradish peroxidase (anti-HRP Ab) labels the surfaces of neurons in both Drosophila and grasshopper (Jan and Jan, 1982). Here we show that the anti-HRP Ab (1) immunoprecipitates at least 17 different membrane glycoproteins from the Drosophilaembryo CNS (and a similar array from grasshopper), and (2) recognizes a neural-specific carbohydrate moiety expressed by most if not all of these proteins. Although the anti-HRP Ab stains all axon pathways, 2 of the anti-HRP glycoproteins, fasciclin I and II, are expressed on specific subsets of axon pathways in the grasshopper embryo (Bastiani et al., 1987). Antiserum against horseradish peroxidase (anti-HRP Ab) labels the surface of all axon pathways in the central and peripheral nervous system of the Drosophila and grasshopper embryos (Jan and Jan, 1982); it is a remarkable neural-specific probe that
A study on the psychological mechanisms and intervention strategies of teenagers' network misconduct from the perspective of psychology

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

With the rapid development of digital technology, the Internet is constantly changing people's cognition and lifestyle, bringing unprecedented convenience and efficiency. Meanwhile, as a virtual space parallel to the real world, the potential risks and challenges of the internet are becoming increasingly prominent, especially for the large and vulnerable group of teenagers. Teenagers, when their psychology and personality are not yet mature, are easily influenced by negative factors in the online environment, which can lead to online deviant behavior. It is not only the right of teenagers to grow up healthily in the Internet era and avoid the erosion of negative information, but also the sacred duty entrusted to the whole society by law. Therefore, using a psychological perspective to analyze the formation mechanism of adolescent online deviant behavior, exploring effective solutions to prevent and correct adolescent deviant behavior, and ensuring that adolescents can grow up healthy and safe in the era of the internet.
How Does Test Exemption Affect Schools’ and Students’ Academic Performance?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Analyzing data from a large urban district in Texas, this study examines how high-stakes test exemptions alter officially reported scores and asks whether test exemption has implications for the academic achievement of special education students. Test exemption inflated overall passing rates but especially affected the passing rates of African American and Hispanic students because these students were more likely to be exempted. Furthermore, our results suggest that tested special education students in Grades 3 through 8 performed better academically than they would have if they were not tested. However, taking the high-stakes test provided no academic benefit to special education students in Grades 9 through 11.
Diagrams with composition fields of the pelitic fraction of bottom sediments in the estuarine parts of different modern river’s categories: another approach to verification

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

According to analytical data given in publications [Savenko, 2006; Bayon et al., 2015], compared the position of data points of pelitic fraction of bottom sediments in the estuarine parts of a number of large rivers (rivers of category 1 according to [Bayon et al., 2015]: Amazon, Congo, Mississippi, Niger, Yangtze, Mackenzie, Volga, Danube, Mekong, Amu Darya, Northern Dvina and Loire) and their suspended material on the (La/Yb)N – Eu/Eu* and (La/Yb)N – Th diagrams. The first samples were subjected to special processing. The samples of the latter were not processed before the study. It has been established that the data points of both sample’s groups in the above diagrams are localized in the field of fine-grained (pelitic) suspension of large rivers, demonstrating some scatter for specific rivers, but generally not going beyond its limits. This gives additional reason to believe that for decoding the categories of rivers that formed certain sedimentary sequences, not only specially prepared samples can be used, but also data obtained from bulk/unprocessed samples. At the example of a fine-grained suspension of Zambezi river (South Africa) some features of the use of (La/Yb)N – Eu/Eu* and (La/Yb)N – Th diagrams were considered.
Whiteness masquerading as academic freedom

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Stewart interrogates the relationship between academic freedom and Whiteness or White privilege, arguing that racist scholarship is protected by academic freedom and privilege within academia. The author provides an example from the New Zealand context by offering a critical reading of an online essay that according to Stewart demonstrates an ill-informed and dangerous academic attack against Maātauranga Maāori and Maāori aspirations in relation to science and research. She concludes by arguing that although academic freedom protects flawed White scholarship, it also protects the Indigenous right of reply, as exercised in the research and writing of her own chapter.
Filmic representations of radicalization and terrorism: The silver screen as a catalyst for social science

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Recent years have seen increased attention to depictions of terrorism in film and, as a consequence, scholars have learned a great deal about why and how such films are made. Too often, however, work in this area has been confined to examination of the film(s) in question, where links between what appears on the silver screen and lived experience are implied but not fully explored. Grounded in the rapidly-growing literature on pop culture and world politics, this article seeks to bridge that gap by showing that comparative film analysis can serve as a catalyst for social scientific inquiry into terrorism. By exploring how Third Cinema films communicate motivations for and doubts about the use of violence, it generates questions for social scientific inquiry that might otherwise go unasked.
Spinal Reflexes in Nicotine Poisoning. (Journ. Pharmacol., vol. lv, pp. 390–9, 1935.) Franke, F. E., and Denvir, M. H. (Sister of Loretto)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

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Inhomogeneous incorporation of In and Al in molecular beam epitaxial AlInGaN films

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Plasma-induced molecular beam epitaxial AlInGaN heterostructures have been characterized by spatial resolved cathodoluminescence and x-ray energy dispersive microanalysis. Competitive incorporation of Al and In has been observed, with the formation of In-rich regions, showing enhanced luminescence around surface pinholes. These island-like In-rich regions are favored by growth at lower temperature due to the higher incorporation of indium into the alloy. The elastic strain relaxation associated to pinhole formation induces preferential local indium incorporation. The diffusion of carriers to these areas with reduced band gap enhances the luminescence emission of the quaternary film. The width and intensity of the luminescence appear to be sensitive to the mismatch between the quaternary film and the GaN layer below.
Fuzzy Discretization on the Multinomial Naïve Bayes Method for Modeling Multiclass Classification of Corn Plant Diseases and Pests

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As an agricultural commodity, corn functions as food, animal feed, and industrial raw material. Therefore, diseases and pests pose a major challenge to the production of corn plants. Modeling the classification of corn plant diseases and pests based on digital images is essential for developing an information technology-based early detection system. This plant’s early detection technology is beneficial for lowering farmers’ losses. The detection system based on digital images is also cost-effective. This paper aims to model the classification of corn plant diseases and pests based on digital images by implementing fuzzy discretization. Discretization is an essential technique to improve the knowledge extraction process of continuous-type data. It is also essential in some methods where continuous data must be processed or handled. Fuzzy discretization allows classes to have overlapping intervals so that they can handle information that is vague or unclear. We developed hypotheses and proved that different combinations of membership functions in fuzzy discretization affect classification performance. Empirical assessment using Monte Carlo resampling was carried out to obtain the generalizability of the performance of the best classification model of all proposed models. The best model is determined based on the number of metrics with the highest value and the highest metric on the Fscore and Kappa, a multiclass measure. The combination of digital image data preprocessing and classification methods also affects the performance of the classification model. We hope this work can provide an overview for experts in building early detection systems of corn plant diseases and pests using classification models based on fuzzy discretization.
Vernacular Written Cantonese in the Twentieth Century

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Vernacular written Cantonese is part of a long and rich legacy in China of rendering into a written medium the vernacular language of a region for a reading public with varying degrees of literacy and education. Marjorie K. M. Chan explains in Chapter 2 that the use of written Cantonese in Hong Kong popular culture today—from the lyrics of Canto-pop in the 1970s onwards, to advertisements and printed media, and to handwritten and digitally-based written communication—did not develop in a vacuum. She traces the history of written vernacular Cantonese from the earliest extant, anonymous source in an 18th century love ballad, the Huajian Ji (likely a Ming dynasty work), to the present, focussing in particular on the vital role that Cantonese opera played in its spread, especially from its peak of popularity in the early decades of the 20th century through to the post–World War II decades.