jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Who shall rule at home?: the evolution of South Carolina political culture, 1748-1776

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A reinterpretation of the origins of the colonial revolutionary movement, Who Shall Rule at Home? charts the changing nature of South Carolina's political culture from the end of King George's War in 1748 to the decision for independence. Mercantini challenges the prevailing interpretation of South Carolina as a politically harmonious colonial entity by examining a series of constitutional and political conflicts that highlight increasing tensions between local authorities and royal officials in both London and Charles Town. Mercantini explains this rejection of British rule through the transformation of the of Englishmen into the of Carolina Englishmen. He suggests that South Carolinians, accustomed to authority as slave masters, took the British idea that certain inalienable rights accompanied an English birthright and reinterpreted the concept in ways related to self rule. These of Carolina Englishmen centered on local control of elections, representation, finances, and taxation.
Experimental Study on the Quantitative Relationship between the Non-contact Magnetic Signal and Detection Height of Ferromagnetic Pipelines

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The non-contact magnetic detection technology has good application prospects in the detection of buried steel pipelines. However, the variation of non-contact magnetic signal and measured height is unknown. The application of the technology in pipeline burial inspection is restricted. Therefore, this article conducts non-contact magnetic signal experimental testing on full-size steel pipelines. The collection method, pipe diameter, internal pressure, measurement height, and the non-contact magnetic signal are quantitatively analyzed. And the propagation factor f G was defined to quantify the degree of influence of measurement height on the non-contact magnetic signal. The results indicate that when the measurement height increases from 0.1 m to 2.0 m, the variation amplitude of the magnetic gradient modulus obtained by the parallel acquisition method is the largest, with a change rate of - 0.35. The amplitude and linear rate of change of the propagation factor f G increase with the pipe diameter and internal pressure. The amplitude and linear rate of change of the propagation factor f G increase with the pipe diameter and internal pressure. In the range of pipe diameters from 355.6 mm to 1016 mm, the amplitude of f G variation is 0.53, and the rate of change is 0.26. Furthermore, the amplitude of f G change due to a unit increase in internal pressure is 0.022, with a corresponding rate of change of 0.0114.
Phosphatidylinositol‐4 kinase III beta and oxysterol‐binding protein accumulate unesterified cholesterol on poliovirus‐induced membrane structure

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Studies on anti‐picornavirus compounds have revealed an essential role of a novel cellular pathway via host phosphatidylinositol‐4 kinase III beta (PI4KB) and oxysterol‐binding protein (OSBP) family I in poliovirus (PV) replication. However, the molecular role for this pathway in PV replication has yet to be determined. Here, viral and host proteins modulating production of phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate (PI4P) and accumulation of unesterified cholesterol (UC) in cells were analyzed and the role of the PI4KB/OSBP pathway in PV replication characterized. Virus protein 2BC was identified as a novel interactant of PI4KB. PI4KB and VCP/p97 bind to a partially overlapped region of 2BC with different sensitivity to a 2C inhibitor. Production of PI4P and accumulation of UC were enhanced by virus protein 2BC, but suppressed by virus proteins 3A and 3AB. In PV‐infected cells, a PI4KB inhibitor suppressed production of PI4P, and both a PI4KB inhibitor and an OSBP ligand suppressed accumulation of UC on virus‐induced membrane structure. Inhibition of PI4KB activity caused dissociation of OSBP from virus‐induced membrane structure in PV‐infected cells. Synthesis of viral nascent RNA in PV‐infected cells was not affected in the presence of PI4KB inhibitor and OSBP ligand; however, transient pre‐treatment of PV‐infected cells with these inhibitors suppressed viral RNA synthesis. These results suggest that virus proteins modulate PI4KB activity and provide PI4P for recruitment of OSBP to accumulate UC on virus‐induced membrane structure for formation of a virus replication complex.
A Physics Based Method for Combining Multiple Anatomy Models with Application to Medical Simulation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present a physics based approach to the construction of anatomy models by combining components from different sources; different image modalities, protocols, and patients. Given an initial anatomy, a mass-spring model is generated which mimics the physical properties of the solid anatomy components. Thishelps maintain valid spatial relationships between the components, as well as the validity of their shapes. Combination can be either replacing/modifying an existing component, or inserting a new component. The external forces that deform the model components to fit the new shape are estimated from Gradient Vector Flow and Distance Transform maps. We demonstrate the applicability and validity of the described approach in the area of medical simulation, by showing the processes of non-rigid surface alignment, component replacement, and component insertion.
Analyzing instructional quality and students’ reviews of massive open online courses (MOOCs) through systematic and sentiment analyses based on Big data

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Online education has gained increasing attention from researchers in different fields. Because it expands learning space and has a great impact on teaching methods and education models. In China, the popularity and advocacy of MOOCs are also evident. While MOOCs also face several challenges with low engagement, satisfaction, and utilization rate of high-quality online resource. There is limited study in the areas of analyzing instructional quality of MOOCs. The study, based on the observation for management specialty on CUM, aims to investigate the instructional quality of MOOCs through capturing and analyzing learner reviews from CUM. Combining both quantity and qualitative method, the study integrates word frequency analysis, semantic analysis, and sentiment analysis on learner reviews to present an learner-centered analysis. We can obtain the fundamental situation of the instructional quality of online courses, identify learners’ needs, and present suggestions for improvement.
Neutrophil-specific antigen NB1 inhibits neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Neutrophil-specific antigen NB1 is located on a 58 to 64 kd glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-linked plasma membrane glycoprotein. NB1 antigen can be detected on neutrophils from 97% of healthy volunteers, and NB1 antigen is expressed on subpopulations of neutrophils. Neutrophil subpopulations with varying functions have been described, and we hypothesize that NB1 antigen may play an important role in neutrophil function. We compared the function of NB1-positive and NB1-negative neutrophils obtained from several persons. There were no differences in the adhesion of NB1-positive and NB1-negative neutrophils incubated in C5a, N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP), phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), or buffer to type IV collagen, fibronectin, laminin, or polystyrene. However, the adherence to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) monolayers of unstimulated NB1-positive neutrophils was less than to NB1-negative neutrophils (20.0% +/- 4.2% vs 31.7% +/- 5.8%; p < 0.01). When neutrophils were stimulated with C5a, PMA, or FMLP, no differences were found in the adhesion of NB1-positive and NB1-negative cells to the same surfaces. When NB1-positive neutrophils were incubated with rabbit polyclonal anti-NB1 Fab fragments, their adherence to HUVEC was increased (32.9% +/- 10.1% vs 18.3% +/- 5.0%; p < 0.05). Fab fragments prepared from normal rabbit serum had no effect on neutrophil adherence to HUVEC. The chemotaxis of NB1-positive neutrophils to FMLP through nitrocellulose was significantly greater than that of NB1-negative neutrophils (p = 0.03), but there was no difference in chemotaxis to FMLP through polycarbonate membranes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Association between dietary supplements and frailty by sex: a cross-sectional study in South Korea

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Evidence regarding the benefits of dietary supplements against frailty is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to examine the association between the use of dietary supplements and frailty. The analyses were stratified by sex to consider the sexual dimorphism in frailty. Methods This study used national, cross-sectional survey data from South Korea, namely the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2018-2020). Adults aged 50 years were included. Data for up to four supplements were collected for each participant. A 46-item frailty index was constructed to assess frailty. All percentages (%) were weighted to represent the national population. The association between the use of dietary supplements and frailty was investigated using a linear regression analysis with socioeconomic/lifestyle factors and the amount of nutrient intake from diet included as covariates. Results Of the included 27,384 older adults, 57.28% were women. The proportion of supplement users was significantly higher in women (64.31% vs. 77.71%, p &lt; 0.001). Any supplement use was negatively associated with frailty (B = -0.015, p &lt; 0.001), and the association was more significant in women (Any supplement use * women: B = -0.012, p = 0.002). From the multivariable regression analysis stratified by sex, the use of red ginseng (men: B = -0.019, women: B = -0.015) and calcium (B = -0.027, women: B = -0.012) were negatively associated with frailty in both sexes while the statistical significance for vitamin C was found only in men (B = -0.020) (all p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions Our findings demonstrated a significant negative association between the use of dietary supplements and frailty. The associations varied by type of supplements and by sex. The findings should be validated using prospective data. Key messages • Red ginseng and calcium supplements were negatively associated with frailty in both sexes. • We assessed frailty using frailty index which highlights the potential role of dietary supplements beyond the context of physical or musculoskeletal function.
Bioactive Compounds and Nutrition of Thai Sauces in Retort Pouch and Physicochemical Properties Kinetics During Storage

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objectives of this study were to investigate the bioactive compounds, including carotenoids, flavonoids, total phenolics, antioxidant activity, and nutritional values of two ready-to-cook Thai sauces of stir-fry curry sauce (SCS) and spicy-sour sauce (SSS) in retort pouch and to investigate the kinetics of physicochemical properties, including lightness (L*), water activity, pH and total soluble solids, of the products during storage at 30°C and 55°C. The results showed that the temperature and time for sterilization of SCS (low acid foods) was 121°C for 43 minutes and SSS (acid foods) was 102°C for 31 minutes. The moisture content was between 57.9 and 63.2%. SCS had higher total fat, saturated fat, and calories because it contained soybean oil and chili paste, but SSS had higher sugar and sodium content than SCS. Trans fats and vitamin C were not detected in either product. SSS had a higher content of total phenols, carotenoids (especially capsanthin, zeaxanthin, and β-carotene) and antioxidants than SCS. The representation of the physicochemical properties of the products as a function of temperature and time resulted in a linear model (R2 = 0.7222 – 0.9772). L*, water activity, pH decreased, and TSS increased during the 90-day storage at both 30°C and 55°C. The change was more remarkable when stored at 55°C than 30°C.
Prescribing Pattern in Diabetic Outpatients in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Nepal

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Diabetics are at a higher risk of polypharmacy and more vulnerable to irrational prescription. Data regarding drug use pattern in diabetes is lacking in South Asian countries. Objectives: The present study was conducted with the objectives of collecting the demographic details of diabetes patients, studying the pattern of drug prescribing among diabetic outpatients, calculating the mean prescription cost for the diabetes patients and analysing the prescriptions according to prescribing indicators. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at the Out-patient Pharmacy (OPP), Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal, from 22nd August to 7th December 2006. All the diabetes patients who visited the OPP during the study period were enrolled after getting verbal consent and interviewed by the researchers, based on the study objectives. The details were entered in the structured patient profile form, and the filled forms were analysed. Results: Altogether 182 patients, 103 males (56.59%) and 79 females (43.41%), were enrolled. Among these, 69 (37.91%) were in the age group 51–60 years, 128 (70.33%) had a diabetic history of less than 5 years and 136 (74.72%) had at least one concurrent illness. Two, three and four drugs were prescribed in 39 (21.43%), 35 (19.23%) and 40 (21.98%) patients, respectively. Altogether, 685 drugs were prescribed with an average of 3.76 drugs per prescription. Antidiabetics were accounted for 314 (45.84%) of the total drugs. Among the various antidiabetics, biguanides were accounted for 161 (51.27%) of the total antidiabetic medications. Among the study patients, 28 (15.38%) had an encounter with an injection prescribed and 16 (2.34%) of the total drugs were fixed-dose combinations and 0.88% (n = 6) of the drugs were antibiotics. The duration of prescription of medicines ranges from 29 to 35 days for 41.17% (n = 282) of the total drugs and 57 to 63 days for 44.23% (n = 303) drugs. Majority [650 (94.89%)] of the drugs were prescribed in oral dosage form. The average cost per prescription was NPR 1156.15 (US $16.17). Antidiabetic medications constituted 58.93% of the total cost. Among the antidiabetic medications insulin accounted for 41.07% of the total cost followed by biguanides (32.60%). Conclusions: Insulin and biguanides were the most commonly prescribed antidiabetics. Our study was done for a short period of time, and the number of patients studied was low. Hence, similar studies covering large number of patients
高危非致残性缺血性脑血管事件定义及预测模型 Definition and Prediction Models for High-Risk Non-Disabling Ischemic Cerebrovascular Events

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

高危非致残性缺血性脑血管事件（high r isk n on-disabling ischemic cerebrovascular events， HR-NICE）患者处于不稳定状态，早期复发进展为严重卒中的风险较高。目前，不同的临床评分系统是 临床工作者常用的预测模型，但随着近些年对影像及分子标记物研究的深入，发现其同样能够预测 卒中复发风险，进而指导HR-NICE人群的早期干预及个体化治疗，从而改善患者预后、降低致残率， 同时可以降低国家卒中负担。本文根据近年对于卒中复发风险预测模型的相关研究，对HR-NICE的定 义、临床、影像和分子标记物研究进展进行综述，为临床工作者提供其预后评判参考。 Abstract: The patients who have high risk non-disabling ischemic cerebrovascular events are in unstable state, and they have high risks of early recurrent stroke. At present, different clinical scoring systems are widely used, with the development of the imaging and molecular biology, these technology can be used to predict recurrent stroke risk, so that early intervention and individual therapy can be provided for patients. It could improve prognosis and reduce the disability rate and burden of stroke. This paper aims to discuss the definition of HR-NICE and predictors of clinical, imaging and molecule for recurrent stroke prediction models according to recent studies, so as to provide reference for clinical work.
Praktik sosial Gaya Hidup Nawaning (Putri Kyai) di Pesantren Berbasis Salaf di Era Globalisasi

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This articles is the result of the research on the social practice contradiction of nawaning or Kiai’s daughter in the salaf Islamic Boarding School in the globalization era. This research explains how social practices of nawaning in the salaf Islamic Boarding School in the globalization era is. The research explains how the process is carried out and then produces social behaviors that exist in the environment. The theory used in this research is the theory of Anthony Gidden. This theory describe the era of globalization as 'uncontrolled world'. In addition, it also uses Bourdieu's theory as a supporting theory in the analysis. This study uses a qualitative method that departs from a data to analyze a particular problem. Data collection in this study was carried out by observing techniques that are observing the Islamic Boarding School environment, the participation of researchers involved in nawaning activities in Islamic Boarding School, interview, and literature study. The results of this study indicate that the social practice of nawaning in the Salaf Islamic Boarding School has a contradictory nature in the Islamic Boarding School environment. Nawaning behavior by using owned capital as a form of class domination in the environment. Then in practice they try to produce language to offer new values in the environment of the Salaf boarding school. There is dialectic between nawaning actors and also the actors under it namely santri. So that the social practices adopted by these nawaning are contradictory to the rules and values that apply in the Salaf Islamic Boarding School.
MEAC Commissioner becomes unexpected trailblazer

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

When Sonja O. Stills became the Commissioner of the Mid‐Eastern Athletic Conference, she became not only the first woman to lead the MEAC but also the first female commissioner of a Division I conference made up of historically Black colleges and universities. Stills has held several positions with the MEAC since she joined the organization, which have enabled her to learn all aspects of conference administration and leadership.
Search for dibaryons in reactions of

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The reactions K−d→π−X+, K− 3He→π+nX0, and K− 3He→π+pX− at 0.87 GeV/c were studied using missing mass magnetic spectrometer. The X stands for a two-baryon, strangeness −1 resonant system. In order to enhance p-wave production of a dibaryon state all reactions were studied at large scattering angles; 10° to 26° for deuterium target, and 20° for 3He one. After known backgrounds were reproduced an excess of events is observed in all three reactions. The mass distribution and the final state particles associated with the excess events suggest compatibility of these events with expectations for two-baryon resonant state decays.
Protocol for an overview of systematic reviews of interventions to reduce unscheduled hospital admissions among adults

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction Unscheduled hospital admissions are an increasing burden on health systems worldwide. To date, initiatives to reduce admissions have had limited success as it is unclear which strategies effectively reduce admissions and are supported by a strong evidence-base. Therefore, we will conduct an overview to find, assess and summarise all published peer-reviewed systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials that examine the effect of an intervention on unplanned admissions among adults. Methods and analysis This is a protocol for a systematic overview of reviews. We will search four databases: Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the Cochrane Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects. We will consider systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials in adults (≥16 years old) evaluating the effect of any intervention on unscheduled hospital admissions including those to treat, monitor, diagnose or prevent a health problem. We will only include reviews that identified unscheduled hospitalisations as a prespecified outcome. Two authors will independently screen articles for inclusion using a priori criteria. We will assess the quality of included reviews and extract ratings of the quality of evidence from within each review. We will create a hierarchical list of interventions based on estimates of absolute admission reductions and the quality of the evidence. Presentation of results will align with guidelines in the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews of Interventions and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis statement. Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval is not required. We will submit the results of this study for peer-review publication. The results will inform future research and could be used by healthcare managers, administrators and policymakers to guide resource allocation decisions and inform local implementation and optimisation of interventions to reduce unscheduled hospital admissions.
Software for computer-aided analysis of electromagnetic fields

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

variational finite elements and boundary-integral methods for electromagnetic field analysis require large amounts of data to describe the device under design, to build a mesh model, and to display useful results. In order to manage these data, interactive definition, subdivision, and results-display programs have been built. With the first program the user can build a geometrical description of a device which is used in the second program to create a mesh model by isoparametric mapping. Results from field analysis are then displayed as equipotential lines on a surface chosen by the user. In order to sucessfully management, routines linkage, and command language.
Chemical composition and metabolizable energy values of feedstuffs for broiler chickens

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective of this study was to estimate the values of apparent metabolizable energy and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance and determine the chemical composition of the following feedstuffs: babassu meal, sunflower meal, corn gluten meal, babassu starch flour, meat and bones meal, beans, millet, cookies residue, pasta residue and bread-making residue. The traditional method of excreta collection was used with broilers in the period of 14 to 24 days of age, which were distributed in a completely randomized design with eleven treatments and six replicates of six birds each. Each feedstuff replaced the reference diet at levels of 30 or 40% depending on the type of feedstuff. Chicks were housed in cages fitted with trays to collect the excreta. The apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (kcal/kg) on the natural matter of feedstuffs were: babassu meal, 1,116; sunflower meal, 1,607; corn gluten meal, 3,826; babassu flour starch, 1,731; meat and bone flour, 2,524; common beans, 693; millet, 3,046; cookies residue, 3,351; pasta residue, 3,543 and bread-making residue, 3,494.
Official Tudor Homilies

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article discusses official homilies during the Tudor dynasty. It first describes the direct state use of the pulpit, and pinpoints the origin of the homilies. It studies the Edwardian homilies, the Elizabethan homilies, the structure of the homilies, and the contribution of Thomas Cranmer. The article also looks at the greatest tribute to the effectiveness of Cranmer's Book of Homilies, namely Reginald Pole's opinion in the Legatine Synod.