jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
FP10.2 Preoperative Pain Duration in Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome Affects 10-Year Hip Arthroscopy Outcomes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Prolonged symptom duration in patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) has been linked with worse short and mid-term outcomes after hip arthroscopy. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of symptom duration on long-term patient-reported outcomes (PROs), clinically significant outcomes (CSOs) and reoperation rates in patients undergoing primary hip arthroscopy for FAIS. Methods Patients undergoing primary hip arthroscopy for FAIS between 1/2012-10/2014 with 10-year follow-up were included. Patients that reported preoperative pain ≥ 2 years were propensity-matched 1:1 to patients reporting pain &lt; 2 years by age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). PROs collected at pre-op, 2-,5-, and 10-years included Hip Outcome Score-Activities of Daily Living and Sports Subscale (HOS-ADL/HOS-SS), modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for Pain and Satisfaction. Achievement of minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) were compared. Reoperation-free survivorship was compared with Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results 174 patients in the prolonged preoperative pain group (age: 35.9±11.5 years, 62.1% female, BMI: 25.5±5.4 kg/m2) were matched to 174 patients in the short preoperative pain group (age: 35.8±11.9 years, 64.3% female, BMI: 25.5±4.9 kg/m2). Demographics were similar between groups. There was a higher prevalence of Tönnis grade 1 in the prolonged pain group (p = 0.016). Preoperative PROs were similar between groups. At 2-years, the prolonged pain group had worse HOS-ADL (p = 0.031), HOS-SS (p = 0.036), mHHS (p = 0.045), and VAS Satisfaction (p = 0.043). At 10-years, the prolonged pain group had worse mHHS (p = 0.017), higher VAS Pain (p = 0.001), and lower VAS Satisfaction (p = 0.002). The prolonged pain group also had significantly lower achievement of MCID for HOS-SS (p = 0.042) and mHHS (p = 0.042) and lower achievement of PASS for VAS Pain (p = 0.012). Reoperation survivorship did not differ between groups (p = 0.161) Conclusion Patients with preoperative pain ≥ 2 years undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAIS significantly improve at 10-years, but experience worse function, satisfaction, and achievement of CSOs, with similar survivorship compared to a matched group of patients with preoperative pain &lt; 2 years.
Species Diversity and Protective Suggestion of Fish in Guangdong Nanling Nature Reserve

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The species diversity of fish in Guangdong Nanling Nature Reserve is surveyed and studied.The result shows that a total of 36 species or subspecies of fish in 28 genera,10 families,4 orders are distributed in the Nanling.The Cyprinidae fish holds 52.78% of the total species,among which there are 22.22% herbivore,13.89% carnivore,33.33% omnivorou and 30.56% detritus.The fishes can be divided into 4 district departments,that is,Tropical plain,Rivers plain,Sino-India mountain area and Ancient Tertiary period.8.34% is among the endangered species of fishes.
The Hypersonic Leading Edge Problem. 2. Wedges and Cones

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : An analysis is given for the viscous hypersonic flow past slender sharp wedges and unyawed cones. The leading edge or nose region treated encompasses the merged layer regime in which the shock thickness is not small in comparison with the viscous layer thickness but for which in the axisymmetric case the shock thickness is small in comparison with the radius of transverse shock curvature. A Navier-Stokes flow is assumed, and both the shock structure and viscous layer are taken to be locally-similar of boundary layer type. The analysis follows that used by Shorenstein and Probstein for the corresponding flat plat problem. For axisymmetric cone flow, a modification of a transformation introduced by Probstein and Elliott is given to reduce the axisymmetric viscous layer equations including transverse curvature to 'exactly' two-dimensional form. Results for the state conditions behind the shock, and the wall pressure, skin friction, and heat transfer rate are found to be in agreement with available experimental data.
Multistage CSR Microbunching Gain Development in Transport or Recirculation Arcs

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) induced microbunching instability has been one of the most challenging issues in the design of modern accelerators. A linear Vlasov solver has been developed [1] and applied to investigate the physical processes of microbunching gain amplification for several example lattices [2]. In this paper, by further extending the concept of stage gain as proposed by Huang and Kim [3], we develop a method to characterize the microbunching development in terms of stage orders that allow the quantitative comparison of optics impacts on microbunching gain for different lattices. We find that the microbunching instability in our demonstrated arcs has a distinguishing feature of multistage amplification (e.g, up to 6th stage amplification for our example transport arcs, in contrast to two-stage amplification for a typical 4-dipole bunch compressor chicane). We also try to connect lattice optics pattern with the obtained stage gain functions by a physical interpretation. This Vlasov analysis is validated by ELEGANT [4] tracking results with excellent agreement.
mGluR5 Positive and Negative Allosteric Modulators Differentially Affect Dendritic Spine Density and Morphology in the Prefrontal Cortex

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Positive and negative allosteric modulators (PAMs and NAMs, respectively) of type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR5) are currently being investigated as novel treatments for neuropsychiatric diseases including drug addiction, schizophrenia, and Fragile X syndrome. However, only a handful of studies have examined the effects of mGluR5 PAMs or NAMs on the structural plasticity of dendritic spines in otherwise naïve animals, particularly in brain regions mediating executive function. In the present study, we assessed dendritic spine density and morphology in pyramidal cells of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) after repeated administration of either the prototypical mGluR5 PAM 3-cyano-N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide (CDPPB, 20 mg/kg), the clinically utilized mGluR5 NAM 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(3-methyl-5-oxo-4H-imidazol-2-yl)urea (fenobam, 20 mg/kg), or vehicle in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Following once daily treatment for 10 consecutive days, coronal brain sections containing the mPFC underwent diolistic labeling and 3D image analysis of dendritic spines. Compared to vehicle treated animals, rats administered fenobam exhibited significant increases in dendritic spine density and the overall frequency of spines with small (<0.2 μm) head diameters, decreases in frequency of spines with medium (0.2–0.4 μm) head diameters, and had no changes in frequency of spines with large head diameters (>0.4 μm). Administration of CDPPB had no discernable effects on dendritic spine density or morphology, and neither CDPPB nor fenobam had any effect on spine length or volume. We conclude that mGluR5 PAMs and NAMs differentially affect mPFC dendritic spine structural plasticity in otherwise naïve animals, and additional studies assessing their effects in combination with cognitive or behavioral tasks are needed.
The effect of D1-like receptor blockade on motor functions and spatial learning in B6CBA mice.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Dopaminergic neurotransmitter system plays a role in many neural functions, for instance in the motor system. Dopamine also influences cognitive functions, motivation and behaviour. In this study, the effect of D1-like receptors blocker SCH 23390 on spontaneous motor activity, motor functions and spatial learning in adult wild type mice derived from the strain B6CBA was investigated. The animals of one group were administered with D1-like receptors blocker SCH 23390 while the mice from the other group were treated with the saline solution 20 minutes before experiments. Spontaneous motor activity was examined in the open field. Motor functions were examined using horizontal wire, ladder and rotarod. Spatial learning was tested in the Morris water maze. D1-like receptors inhibition significantly decreased spontaneous motor activity. In the horizontal wire test, the mice treated with SCH 23390 manifested significantly better results than control animals. No significant differences between experimental animals and controls were found in the ladder test. On the rotarod, the animals with D1-like receptors inhibition reached significantly shorter latencies than the animals treated with the saline solution. D1-like receptors blockade led to significant impairment of performance in experimental animals in the Morris water maze. Spontaneous motor activity and motor skills were influenced by evoked hypokinesia. Meanwhile in the horizontal wire test this effect seemed to be advantageous, in the rotarod test it meant a definite handicap because this test requires good motor coordination and activity. The results gained in the Morris water maze indicated that not only hypokinesia played some role there but also spatial learning and perhaps motivation were affected. The study confirmed that D1-like receptors inhibition has effects on both motor and cognitive functions in mice. However the motor effects are not the main cause of the failing in the spatial learning test.
The Light–Dark Preference Test for Larval Zebrafish

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The light–dark preference test is one of the most commonly used anxiety models in animal preclinical studies. This test assesses spontaneous/natural tendency of an animal to explore/avoid certain zones of a given environment, for instance a half black-half white box. This test has been validated for use in adult but not larval zebrafish. Here we provide the first method for assessing anxiety-like behaviors in the light–dark preference test in zebrafish larvae. We also provide a pharmacological validation of this assay as well as a simple method to render it more versatile for screening of both anxiolytic and anxiogenic drugs. This is important since the ability to characterize and document the behavior of larval zebrafish is crucial in the current research era, where zebrafish has been rapidly propelled at the forefront of high-throughput technology. Therefore, this 5-min protocol will not only contributes to enriching the repertoire of assays customized for larval zebrafish but also provides a method to assess complex phenotypes of brain function while being eventually amenable to high-throughput screening in the near future.
Mortgage Financing: FHA and Ginnie Mae Face Risk-Management Challenges

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Testimony issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "For the third consecutive year, the Department of Housing and Urban DevelopmentÂs (HUD) Federal Housing Administration (FHA) reported that the capital ratio for the Mutual Mortgage Insurance FundÂthe ratio of the fundÂs economic value to insurance obligationsÂhas not met the 2 percent statutory minimum. FHA cites declines in the fundÂs economic value due to higher-than-expected defaults, claims, and losses. At the same time, the other component of the ratio, insurance obligations, grew rapidly. The fundÂs condition also worsened from a budgetary perspective, with balances in the fundÂs capital reserve account reaching new lows. If the account were depleted, FHA would require more funds to help cover costs on insurance issued to date. FHA has indicated that it will narrowly avoid this scenario in fiscal year 2012. FHA enhanced methods for assessing the fundÂs financial condition but has not fully addressed GAOÂs 2010 recommendation for improving the reliability of its estimates. It relies on a single economic forecast, which does not fully account for variability in future house prices and interest rates. The approach GAO recommended would simulate numerous economic paths for house prices and interest rates would improve the reliability of its capital ratio estimates."
Understanding the Fluid Nature of Personhood - the Ring Theory of Personhood

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Familial determination, replete with its frequent usurping of patient autonomy, propagation of collusion, and circumnavigation of direct patient involvement in their own care deliberations, continues to impact clinical practice in many Asian nations. Suggestions that underpinning this practice, in Confucian-inspired societies, is the adherence of the populace to the familial centric ideas of personhood espoused by Confucian ethics, provide a novel means of understanding and improving patient-centred care at the end of life. Clinical experience in Confucian-inspired Singapore, however, suggests that personhood is conceived in broader terms. This diverging view inspired a study of local conceptions of personhood and scrutiny of the influence of the family upon it. From the data gathered, a culturally appropriate, clinically relevant and ethically sensitive concept of personhood was proposed: the Ring Theory of Personhood (Ring Theory) that better captures the nuances of local conceptions of personhood. The Ring Theory highlights the fact that, far from being solely dependent upon familial centric ideals, local conceptions of personhood are dynamic, context dependent, evolving ideas delineated by four dimensions. Using the Ring Theory, the nature of familial influences upon the four dimensions of personhood - the Innate, Individual, Relational and Societal - are examined to reveal that, contrary to perceived knowledge, conceptions of personhood within Confucian societies are not the prime reason for the continued presence of this decision-making model but remain present within local thinking and practices as a sociocultural residue and primarily because of inertia in updating ideas.
Feeding On the Web: Online Social Support in the Breastfeeding Context

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Breastfeeding has been found to be an influential factor in the health of both mothers and children; despite the benefits, very few women breastfeed beyond the first 3 months of life. One reason for this discrepancy may lie in a lack of social support in various forms. A better understanding of needed support and of ways support is communicated may help to provide such support to women. Little research has investigated social support from a communication perspective in the breastfeeding context, and as more and more women go online for health information during pregnancy and postpartum, the Web becomes a fruitful place for such exploration. The present study details a mixed methods analysis of social support communication via the top online breastfeeding forums. Results and directions for future research in online social support communication in breastfeeding are discussed.
Solar activity influence on cosmic ray penetration in the middle atmosphere

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A new improved model for cosmic rays-middle atmosphere interaction is developed. The ionization q(h)-profile dependence on penetrating high energy particles composition (protons, alpha-particles and heavier nuclei) and energy spectra (solar activity modulation included) are investigated. A computer program, realizing the Gaussian algorithm for solving of multidimensional integrals is created. The corresponding electron density profiles N(h) at solar minimum and maximum are obtained.
Impact of utilitarian value and hedonic value on purchase in online store in Indonesia

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Nowadays, Indonesia shopping patterns have significantly changed. E-commerce continues to grow rapidly as online shopping has become increasingly attractive. Online shopping saves time and offers convenience. This study was conducted in order to assess the impact of utilitarian and hedonic values on purchasing from online stores in Indonesia. The focus of the assessment was on five dimensions of hedonism and utilitarianism, which are: usefulness, enjoyment, ease of use, trustworthiness, and distribution channel (settlement). A total of 484 respondents were randomly asked to be participants. A questionnaire was the research instrument used to survey the participants for data gathering. The data was then analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Among the indicators tested, it was found that usefulness, enjoyment, ease of use, and distribution channel impacted hedonic values and utilitarian values significantly. Trustworthiness was the dimension that was not significant. For this study, the hypothesis was made that usefulness and enjoyment positively impacted impulsiveness. It can be concluded that whether due to utilitarian, hedonic, or impulsive motives, it will not be a problem. Indonesian shoppers will make purchases thru online shopping even if they have different motivations and purposes.
Prevalence of primary and secondary hypertension: studies in a random population sample.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The prevalence of primary and secondary hypertension was determined in a random sample of 7455 Swedish men aged 47 to 54 years. Three hundred and sizty-one men were undergoing treatment for hypertension. Seven hundred and ninety-eight men who had blood pressures above 175/115 mm Hg at preliminary screening were recalled for further blood pressure measurements. Those on treatment and all the untreated men whose blood pressures were still over 175/115 mm Hg then underwent extensive investigation for secondary hypertension. Renal parenchymal hypertension was found in 25 (3-6%) patients, renovascular hypertension in four (0-6%), and other forms of secondary hypertension in 11 (1-6%). The investigation led to surgical treatment in only two cases (0-3%). The low prevalence of secondary hypertension, especially surgically curable forms of hypertension, makes routine screening for these cases unnecessary, at least when patients with hypertension have been found at screening. These data must be taken into account in planning community control programmes in hypertension.
The Hepatic and Renal Mechanisms of Drug Interactions with Cimetidine

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cimetidine is one of the most frequently prescribed drugs with a known potential to interfere with the metabolic disposition of numerous other medications. Some of these drug interactions may be hazardous to patients. The hepatic and renal mechanisms of drug interactions with cimetidine are discussed in this article. The interactive processes include inhibition of hepatic microsomal enzyme activity, reduction of liver blood flow, and competition for renal tubular secretory sites. The clinical significance and proposed mechanisms of interaction for individual drugs are also presented.
Proximate and ultimate determinants of food chain length

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 食物链长度远因与近因研究进展综述 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201306061370 作者: 作者单位: 北京林业大学,中国科学院水生生物研究所,北京林业大学 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(BLX2012023);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41301077,31170439) Proximate and ultimate determinants of food chain length Author: Affiliation: School of Nature Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing,,China,Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan,Wuhan,School of Nature Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing,,China Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:食物链长度是生态系统的基本属性,其变化决定着群落结构和生态系统功能。稳定同位素分析技术的进步推进了生态系统中食物链长度决定因子相关研究的开展。尽管近期的研究证明了食物链长度与资源可利用性、生态系统大小、干扰等远因之间的关系,但是对于食物网内部结构变化这一近因对食物链长度的影响作用关注较少。综述了边界明确和开放类型淡水生态系统中食物链长度的相关研究进展;探讨了远因和近因机制在决定食物链长度中的作用;给出了判断不同层次和尺度上决定食物链长度机制的概念框架;为今后更好的开展不同生态系统间食物链长度的比较研究提出了建议。 Abstract:Food chain length has been recognized as an important ecosystem characteristic and a fundamental ecosystem attribute: it influences community structure, ecosystem functions and bioaccumulation of contaminants in top predators. Previous studies have shown that food chain length varies greatly among systems. Defining the determinants of food chain length has been a primary research focus for food web ecologists, and has contributed to ecological theories. Three main hypotheses, i.e. resource availability, ecosystem size, and the disturbance hypothesis, which argues that the stability of local dynamics and the level of disturbance contribute to food chain length have been extensively examined. However, much less attention has been paid to proximate changes in food web structure that link variation in food-chain length to the ultimate dynamic mechanism. Proximate mechanisms could cause variation in food-chain length by either: additive mechanism, through addition or removal of top predators; insertion mechanism, through addition or removal of intermediate predators; omnivory mechanisms, changes in the degree of trophic omnivory by the top predator. Recent advances in stable isotope analysis have rekindled interest in examining factors that determine food chain length in ecological communities. In this paper, we reviewed recent studies from close and open freshwater systems to explore the factors that determine the relative importance of resource availability, disturbance and ecosystem size on food chain length, and how they may be affected by food web architecture. We then provided a framework to investigate how these hypotheses operating at different spatial scale. We explore the implications of these mechanisms for understanding how proximate changes in food-web structure link variation in food-chain length to the ultimate mechanism. Finally, we gave suggestions in applying the framework to consolidate the hypotheses across ecosystems in future studies. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献
The usefulness of counting `heat-affected' red cells as a guide to the risk of the later disappearance of red cells after burns

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The technique for counting heat-affected red cells (`microcytes') in the head of the blood film taken from patients on admission is described. Although crude, it does appear to increase the precision with which it is possible to predict the disappearance of red cells in the first 24 hours after a burn, and therefore to decide those cases in which 51 Cr red cell volume estimates may be clinically useful.