jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Proteotyping of Clostridioides difficile as Alternate Typing Method to Ribotyping Is Able to Distinguish the Ribotypes RT027 and RT176 From Other Ribotypes

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Clostridioides difficile, a Gram-positive spore-forming bacterium, is the leading cause of nosocomial diarrhea worldwide and therefore a substantial burden to the healthcare system. During the past decade, the hypervirulent PCR-ribotype (RT) 027 population emerged rapidly all over the world, associated with both, increased severity and mortality rates. It is thus of great importance to identify epidemic strains such as RT027 as fast as possible. While commonly used diagnostic methods, e.g. multi locus sequence typing (MLST) or PCR-ribotyping, are time-consuming, proteotyping offers a fast, inexpensive, and reliable alternative solution. In this study, we established a MALDI-TOF-based typing scheme for C. difficile. A total of 77 ribotyped strains representative for five MLST clades were analyzed by mass spectrometry. MLST, based on whole genome sequences, and PCR-ribotyping were used as reference methods. Isoforms of MS-detectable biomarkers, typically ribosomal proteins, were related with the deduced amino acid sequences and added to the C. difficile proteotyping scheme. In total, we were able to associate nine biomarkers with their encoding genes and include them in our proteotyping scheme. The discriminatory capacity of the C. difficile proteotyping scheme was mainly based on isoforms of L28-M (2 main isoforms), L35-M (4 main isoforms), and S20-M (2 main isoforms) giving rise to at least 16 proteotyping-derived types. In our test population, five of these 16 proteotyping-derived types were detected. These five proteotyping-derived types did not correspond exactly to the included five MLST-based C. difficile clades, nevertheless the subtyping depth of both methods was equivalent. Most importantly, Proteotyping-derived clade B contained only isolates of the hypervirulent RT027. Proteotyping is a stable and easy-to-perform intraspecies typing method and a promising alternative to currently used molecular techniques. It is possible to distinguish RT027 isolates from non-RT027 isolates using proteotyping, providing a valuable diagnostic tool.
A study of neutron irradiation damage in copper and a dilute copper-boron alloy

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Transmission electron microscopy has been used to examine irradiation-induced damage in pure copper and in a solid solution copper-0.001 w/o boron alloy after simultaneous neutron irradiation to an integrated fast neutron dose of 1.1 × 1020 cm−2 at ∼ 60°c. The results demonstrate that the resolvable damage differs considerably in these materials, both in its initial distribution and in its post-irradiation annealing behaviour these differences are considered to be a consequence of the transmutation of the boron-10 atoms in the alloy. After post-irradiation annealing, the damage in both materials clearly consists of two components; coarsely distributed dislocation segments and loops and a finer distribution of small clusters. The annealing behaviour of both components has been examined closely after annealing between 350°c and 650°c, the temperature range in which the principal changes occurred, and the morphology and nature of the loops comprising the coarser component have been determined. Consideration is given to the mechanisms involved in the annealing of the damage, particular emphasis being placed on accounting for the significant influence exerted by the boron, helium and lithium atoms. Spherical precipitates, believed to result from aggregation of lithium atoms, have been observed in the alloy after annealing between 450°c and 650°c. However, helium bubbles could not be detected and the possible reasons for this are discussed.
Predoctoral Dental School Curriculum for Catastrophe Preparedness

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Preparing for catastrophic events, both human‐made and natural, is in the national interest and has become a priority since catastrophic events in Oklahoma City, Washington, DC, and New York City. Dentists are a large source of non‐physician health manpower that could contribute to the public welfare during catastrophic events that require additional public health human resources. Dentists, by virtue of their education, understand biomedical concepts and have patient care skills that can be directly applied during a catastrophic event. Dentists also can provide training for other types of health care workers and can supervise these individuals. In this article, we propose that dentistry can make a significant contribution as part of a national response before, during, and after a catastrophic event or at the time of a public health emergency. We describe the potential collaboration among a dental school, city and state health departments, law enforcement, the military, and others to develop a curriculum in catastrophe preparedness. Then we describe one dental school's effort to build a catastrophe preparedness curriculum for our students. The competencies, goals and objectives, and sources of content for this catastrophe preparedness curriculum are described as well as suggestions for sequencing instruction.
PSYNDEX Tests Review für VK-J - SKALEN ZUM VIDEOKONSUM JUGENDLICHER

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This is a PSYNDEX Tests Review of VK-J - SKALEN ZUM VIDEOKONSUM JUGENDLICHER. PSYNDEX Tests Reviews are written in German and describe and evaluate psychological and educational tests used in the German-speaking countries. PSYNDEX Tests is offered by the Leibniz Institute for Psychology as open access documentation.
Efficient Scalable Multi-Level Classification Scheme for Credit Card Fraud Detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The detection of fraudulent transactions in credit card world is an important application of classification techniques. As human behavior is unpredictable classifying any transaction either as fraud or non-fraud is not acceptable. In all of the previous studies, the transactions were classified in only two levels either fraud or legitimate. An approach where the credit card transactions can be classified in various fraud levels depending on different fraudulent situations mined from the historical behavior of the customers is proposed and implemented. To perform the classification, Efficient Scalable Multilevel Classifier (ESMC) algorithm is developed. Our algorithm is scalable to large dataset and results shows better accuracy than the previous algorithm implemented for credit card fraud detection. The concept of multi-dimensional decision tree is introduced to have better scalability in the field of distributed databases. Index Terms Distributed data Mining, Decision Tree, Pruning, Intrusion Detection.
RETICULUM, OR LATTICE, FIBERS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

THESE studies pertaining to the argyrophil, reticulum or lattice fibers had a threefold purpose; first, to inquire into the factor or factors responsible for their development, second, to account for their presence in areas distant from vessels and infiltrating cells and, third, to inquire into their function and diagnostic value. In view of the scant attention that has been paid to the subject in dermatologic circles, it appears justifiable to begin with the fundamentals, even at the risk of approaching the elementary. Regardless of the voluminous literature, the histogenesis of these fibers is still a debatable problem. Ormsby and Montgomery1hinted at their importance when they stated that "there is a third system of fibers in the corium known as reticulum or lattice fibers which increase in numbers in various pathologic conditions, especially those involving the reticulo-endothelial system of the skin." Oppel2in 1891 seems to have been
Benchmark of EGS5 for 125I brachytherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Monte Carlo code 'EGS5' was benchmarked for the usage in brachytherapy treatment planning.For this purpose, the EGS5 calculation was compared with the formalism by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group No 43 Updated Protocol 1 (AAPM-TG43U1) currently utilized for dosimetry in brachytherapy.The source utilized was 125 I model STM1251.Consequently, EGS5 successfully reproduced the dose distribution by the TG43-U1 formalism.
Meta-analysis of five photodisinfection clinical trials for periodontitis

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Photodynamic therapy(PDT) has been demonstrated to effectively kill human periopathogens in vitro. To evaluate the efficacy of PDT in vivo a series of clinical trials was carried out in multiple centers and populations. Clinical parameters including clinical attachment level, pocket probing depth and bleeding on probing were all evaluated. All groups received the standard of care, scaling and root planing, and the treatment group additionally received a single treatment of PDT. Of the total 309 patients and over 40,000 pockets treated in these 5 trials it was determined that photodynamic therapy provided a statistically significant improvement in clinical parameters over scaling and root planing alone.
Binominals denoting instruments: A contrastive perspective

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter presents a contrastive analysis of complex nominals denoting instruments within the semantic field of cooking in four languages: Italian, Russian, Mandarin Chinese, and Japanese. The study takes an onomasiological perspective to word formation with an aim to detect the morphosyntactic strategies adopted by the four languages to express the same concepts. Based on data from a corpus of cooking recipes created ad hoc for this investigation, we classify complex nominals denoting instruments by employing the analytical tools of the onomasiological theory of word formation. The results of our analysis show that there is a correlation between onomasiological type and type of cooking instrument. The onomasiological type to which binominals belong is most frequently associated with instruments for serving food, in which the semantic relation between the two constituents is one of purpose. As for the morphosyntactic strategies employed, we found that Italian and Russian binominals are the result of derivation and adjectival or prepositional constructions, whereas Mandarin Chinese and Japanese use noun-noun compounding. Japanese frequently employs loanwords, which sometimes compete with compounds based on native or hybrid material.
Data Supplement from CSF1/CSF1R Blockade Reprograms Tumor-Infiltrating Macrophages and Improves Response to T-cell Checkpoint Immunotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer Models

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Figure S1. Flow cytometric analysis of leukocyte infiltration in orthotopic PDAC tumors. Figure S2. CSF1 blockade depletes CD206+ Mo-MDSCs and upregulates MHCII expression in Lymphoid DCs. Figure S3. A-B) Mice bearing orthotopic KC. Table S1. Gene lists from array analysis are depicted. Lists were selected by fold change > or < 1.5, pvalue <0.05, and q-value <0.25. n=6 mice/group for a total of 12 arrays.</p>
"We are not tourists. We fit in this community": Relationship between volunteer tourists and residents in Puerto Viejo, Costa Rica a case study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Volunteer tourism has been regarded to provide an authentic and mutually beneficial relationship between volunteer tourists and residents based on volunteering. By exploring volunteer tourists' emotional solidarity with residents, the researcher aims to uncover the social relations between volunteer tourists and residents in practice. This exploratory study was conducted in Puerto Viejo, Costa Rica during November 2012 to January 2013. Based on the two months of ethnographic field research, this research suggests that volunteer tourism may not be superior to so-called “mass tourism” in terms of building harmonious relationships between volunteer tourists and resident. In this study, volunteer tourists’ feelings of closeness were merely feelings which boosted the identity of volunteer tourists from “tourists” to “volunteers”. This article contributes to the growing body of literature on volunteer tourism by exploring the volunteer tourism experience from the perspectives of international volunteers.
Millipede assassins and allies ( H eteroptera: R eduviidae: E ctrichodiinae, T ribelocephalinae): total evidence phylogeny, revised classification and evolution of sexual dimorphism

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Evolution of sexual dimorphism in animals has long been of interest to scientists, but relatively few studies have reconstructed evolutionary patterns of extreme sexual dimorphism at a phylogenetic scale, especially in insects. Millipede assassin bugs ( H eteroptera: R eduviidae: E ctrichodiinae; 736 spp.) and their sister taxon, T ribelocephalinae (150 spp.), exhibit sexual dimorphism that ranges from limited to extreme, a phenomenon apparently modulated by female morphology. Here, we reconstruct the first phylogeny for the subfamilies E ctrichodiinae and T ribelocephalinae with comprehensive generic representation (152 taxa in 72 genera) using morphological and molecular data (six gene regions). The combined phylogenetic results indicate that T ribelocephalinae are paraphyletic with respect to E ctrichodiinae, and that E ctrichodiinae themselves are polyphyletic. Based on these results, we synonymize T ribelocephalinae with E ctrichodiinae syn.n. , describe three new tribes ( E ctrichodiini trib.n. , T ribelocodiini trib.n. , and A belocephalini trib.n. ) and two new subtribes ( O pistoplatyina subtrib.n. and T ribelocephalina subtrib.n. ), and revise T ribelocephalini sensu n. Ancestral state reconstruction of sexual dimorphism reconstructed limited sexual dimorphism in the ancestor of E ctrichodiinae sensu n. with at least seven evolutionary transitions to extreme sexual dimorphism within the clade. This published work has been registered in ZooBank , http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C810E20F‐D66A‐461F‐A0E6‐AB1073EA3E3C .
J1349 Certified Power Engine Data for FCA as used in 2018 Dodge Challenger SRT Demon High Octane - Level 2

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This product includes information on the manufacturer, engine, applications, testing location, certified maximum horsepower, certified maximum torque along with the certified curves of horsepower and torque over a wide range of engine RPM speeds. In addition, this product contains complete engine information such as displacement, cylinder configuration, valve train, combustion cycle, pressure charging, charge air cooling, bore, stroke, cylinder numbering convention, firing order, compression ratio, fuel system, fuel system pressure, ignition system, knock control, intake manifold, exhaust manifold, cooling system, coolant liquid, thermostat, cooling fan, lubricating oil, fuel, fuel shut off speed, etc. Also included are all measured test parameters outlined in J2723.
A rapid micro-method for the screening and measurement of barbiturates and related compounds in plasma by gas-liquid chromatography

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A rapid gas-chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of butobarbitone, amylobarbitone, hexabarbitone, pentobarbitone, quinalbarbitone, phenobarbitone glutethimide, and methaqualone in `finger-prick' samples of plasma. This has been applied to the analysis of some of these drugs in plasma taken from patients after therapeutic dosage and over-dosage.
Progress in understanding of weather systems in West Africa

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The major advances achieved during African monsoon multidisciplinary analysis in our physical understanding of the West African monsoon (WAM) system are reviewed. Recent research provides an advanced understanding of key WAM features. The Saharan heat low, the interactions of the monsoon flow with the surface and the reversed flow on top of it, all play a more important role than previously assumed, and interact according to the phase of the diurnal cycle of convection. Recent studies also emphasise the significance of upstream conditions in Central and East Africa, as well as strong interactions between midlatitudes and the WAM. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Unexpected Ring Transformation to Pyrrolo[3.2-b]pyridine Derivatives. Fused Azolium Salts. 22

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

2-Arylsulfanyl and 2-benzylsulfanylpyridinium N-arylimides (2) easily prepared from 3-aryltetrazolopyridinium salts (1) with aryl and benzylthiolates, respectively, reacted with various dipolarophiles yielding cycloadducts that underwent transformation to give tetrahydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridines (5, 6, and 8) in good yields. A similar rearrangement (formation of 15) was also observed in the case of parent derivatives being unsubstituted in position 2 (12). The abscence of any significant solvent effect, comparison of the sulfur and non-sulfur analogues, as well as the stereoselective nature of the observed ring transformation seem to support a sigmatropic mechanism. Structure elucidation of the products has been carried out by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and (1)H NMR experiments.
Staged correction of multiple congenital malformations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction. The authors present their own clinical observation of staged surgical correction of multiple congenital malformations in patient A. from her neonatal period up to the age of 1 year 4 months.Clinical observation. After a comprehensive examination and staged correction of congenital malformations, the surgeons made a final stage of surgical correction of esophageal atresia - delayed esophago-esophagoanastomosis. The postoperative period was complicated by failure and stenosis of the esophageal anastomosis. After conservative therapy and bougienage of the esophagus, the patient was discharged from the hospital in a satisfactory state.Conclusion. A favorable outcome was seen in a newborn girl with multiple congenital malformations due to timely diagnostics in the postnatal period and staged surgical correction. The authors also describe the algorithm of diagnostics and management of this patient. The obtained results have motivated the researchers to make a conclusion that step-by-step correction of multiple congenital malformations can bring good results
The Self in Psychoanalysis: Heinz Kohut and Narcissism — a Critique

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Psychoanalysis began with Freud; it is his brain-child. But thankfully it has not remained static. Its ideas have developed and its focus has changed; or rather new foci were brought into the ambit of its ideas. This was due in part to the change in the cultural environment within which psychoanalysis was practised and its ideas developed, and also partly because the patients who came to analysis and the problems they brought to it changed. Still throughout this development it maintained a continuity in its loyalty to some of Freud's most basic ideas.KeywordsMoral ConvictionGood OpinionGood TermConceptual ConfusionPersonal DignityThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Global Analysis of Protein-RNA Interactions – Discovery of RNA-Protein Networks and Their Implications in Human Disease.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Gene expression is regulated at multiple levels to ensure coordinated synthesis of the cells’ macromolecular components. Besides transcriptional regulation, the control of the later post-transcriptional steps has substantial impact on gene expression with widespread implications in physiologically important processes such as development, metabolism, neuronal function, and for cancer progression. On the one hand, posttranscriptional regulation is mediated by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), which control almost every aspect of RNA’s life in a dynamic manner from RNA maturation, quality control, localization, translation, and degradation. On the other hand, mRNAs are post-transcriptionally regulated via physical interactions with small non-coding RNAs. The best characterized class of such RNAs are microRNAs (miRNAs), ~22 nucleotide long RNA molecules that negatively regulate gene expression. Hundreds of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and miRNAs are present in eukaryotic genomes, rivaling in number other classes of regulatory molecules such as transcription factors and kinases and thus, suggests and elaborate system for post-transcriptional control that may affect virtually every message in a cell. Whereas many classical studies explored the molecular function and physiological impact of post-transcriptional regulation on specific mRNA substrates, the recent development of genome-wide analysis tools enables now to study the extend and logic of post-transcriptional gene regulation (PTGR) on a global scale. I have pioneered such ‘ribonomic’ studies and established methods to affinity isolate RNA-binding proteins and systematically analyzed bound RNAs with DNA microarrays for more than 50 RBPs from yeast, flies, and humans. These studies revealed that RBPs preferentially associate with messages that share common functional and structural attributes suggesting the presence of a highly complex and interweaved post-transcriptional regulatory system. In addition, unraveling the RNA targets for particular RBPs has lead to new insights into their molecular and physiological function. In this habilitation thesis, I summarize some of these investigations and provide an outlook for future research and potential applications for pharmaceutical sciences.
Prevention of Alloxan-induced Diabetes by Se-Methylselenocysteine Pretreatment in Rats: The Effect on Antioxidant System in Pancreas

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In this study, we assessed the effects of Se-methylselenocysteine (MSC) pretreatment on the antioxidant system in the pancreas and the development of alloxan-induced diabetes in rats. The rats were treated with MSC at a dose of 0.75 ㎎/rat/day for 2 weeks. The MSC-treated rats evidenced significantly increased glutathione content, GSH/GSSG ratio, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GRd) activities in the pancreas. Diabetes was induced via alloxan injection. The alloxan-diabetic rats evidenced significantly reduced glutathione content and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity and increased catalase activity in the pancreas, when measured 3 days after the alloxan injection. 2-week MSC pretreatment was shown to prevent the alloxan-induced hyperglycemia as well as changes in glutathione content, G6PD activity, and catalase activity. The results of this study indicate that the prevention of alloxan-diabetes by MSC pretreatment is associated with its effects on antioxidants in the pancreas, namely, the increase in cellular content and the reduction of glutathione by the facilitation of glutathione recycling induced via increased GPx, GRd, and G6PD activities.