jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Expression and Role of Sonic Hedgehog in the Process of Fracture Healing with Aging.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aging is one of the risk factors for delayed fracture healing. Sonic hedgehog (SHH) protein, an inducer of embryonic development, has been demonstrated to be activated in osteoblasts at the dynamic remodeling site of a bone fracture. Herein, we compared and examined the distribution patterns of SHH and the functional effect of SHH signaling on osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis between young (5-week-old) and aged (60-week-old) mice during fracture healing. We found that SHH was expressed in bone marrow cells from the fractured site of the rib of young mice on day 5, but was barely detectable in the corresponding cells from the rib of aged mice. SHH was also detected in osteoblasts and bone marrow cells at the callus remodeling stage on days 14 and 28 in both young and aged mice. The number of alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-positive osteoblasts was significantly higher in young mice on days 5 and 14, whereas the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclasts was significantly higher in aged mice. SHH stimulated significantly more osteoblast formation in the young compared to old mice. SHH stimulated the osteoclast formation directly in the aged mice and suppressed the formation indirectly through osteoprotegerin expression in the young mice. Results indicate that an aged-related delay of fracture healing may contribute to the unbalanced bone formation and resorption, regulated by hedgehog signaling.
Comparison of central vein pressure between distal, medial, and proximal lumens with water manometer method

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Catheter Vein Pressure in ward-cared patients is rarely measured and considered invalid. The two catheter vein pressure postulates contradict, making confusion among health workers. Dr Russo said the distal-medial-proximal Catheter Vein Pressure has no difference but were denied by Susan S. Scott. Proof of postulate is needed as a solution to inward care. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the central vein pressure between distal, medial, and proximal lumens with the water manometer method. Forty-nine samples retrospective study were taken from the distal - medial - proximal Catheter Vein Pressure of the "zero" until fifth days. The differences are analyzed with Statistical Paired t Test with p-Value < 0.05 from SPSS ver. 26 to prove the right postulate. 49 samples were concluded to represent of population. Catheter Vein Pressure from day "zero" becomes zero difference, the fifth day 91.8% are no difference while the rest have difference of 0.2 - 1.0 cm H2O and the conclusion are no significant difference with 95% CI. The correlation scale of 0.998 and 0.999 proves that the three lumens tend to produce no differences. In conclusion, the distal - medial - proximal Catheter Vein Pressure values in this study have no significant differences and consistent from "zero" until fifth days. This is formulated as P distal = P medial = P proximal (cm H2O). Keywords : Central Vein Pressure, Pressure, distal - medial - proximal, no differences, ward patient. Correspondence : sumantrie_medicalgp@yahoo.com
Study on Network Public Opinion Dissemination and Coping Strategies in Large Fire Disasters

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Large fire disasters have the characteristics of unpredictability, great harmfulness and high profile, and they are easy to become a hot topic on the Internet and develop into public opinion in a short time. If not handled properly, the event may cause adverse public sentiment or even lead to mass incidents. So it is very meaningful to study the network public opinion in large fire disasters. Firstly, the paper introduces the acquisition method of network public opinion information in large fire disasters. Then, an in-depth research on large fire disasters is made from two aspects, which are dissemination of power source and the dissemination law. The dissemination of power source is divided into five types, containing netizens, media, parties, opinion leaders and the government. Several dissemination law curves are also presented. Finally, some coping strategies from the perspective of information release and power sources are put forward. The study provides references and basis for the government to understand the network public opinion in large fire disasters and make corresponding measures.
Hubungan Gangguan Kognitif dengan Kemandirian Lansia dalam Melakukan Basic Activity of Daily Living (BADL)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Cognitive impairment experienced by the elderly is a serious problem because it has an impact on the ability of the elderly to carry out daily activities. After old age, there are a number of potential physical changes in a person. This is related to differences in the speed of cognitive function in the elderly because it can interfere with the independence of the elderly to carry out Basic daily activities. The aim of this research is determine the relationship between cognitive impairment and elderly independence in carrying out Basic Activities Daily Living (BADL).the elderly. This type of research is quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. The population of this study was 292 people with a sample of 68 respondents and sampling using simple random sampling techniques. The results of data analysis with the chi-square test showed that there is a meaningful relationship between cognitive impairment and independence of Basic Activity Daily Living (BADL) with p-value<0.001. The conclusion is the elderly with severe cognitive impairment are at greater risk of experiencing dependency in BADL compared to elderly people who experience mild cognitive impairment.
GLUCOSE TOLERANCE, PLASMA INSULIN LEVELS AND INSULIN SENSITIVITY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and the intravenous glucose tolerance test (ivGTT) were carried out in 23 elderly patients (mean age 79 years) and in 14 healthy young adults (mean age 28 years). The ivGTT was followed immediately by a second injection of glucose, this time with insulin added. The percentage rate constants for the disappearance of glucose alone (KG, % min-1) or with added insulin (KG+I, % min-1) were calculated. Seventeen of the elderly patients had a blood glucose value at 120 min in the OGTT greater than or equal to 7.7 mmol/1 (140 mg/100 ml) or had KG less than or equal to 1% min-1 and 13 were 'diabetic' by both criteria. This was associated with a sluggish pattern of insulin release and with diminished insulin sensitivity (KG+I). Since these changes could reflect impaired inhibition of hepatic glucose output, a preliminary attempt was made to assess gluconeogenic capacity. After the injection of substrate levels of L-alanine, plasma levels of glucose and alanine both rose but fell more slowly in the elderly than in young adults, suggesting impaired transmembrane transport of both substances in old people. After injection of alanine, plasma insulin rose to a lesser extent and glucagon to a greater extent in the elderly than in young adults.
Resin adsorption application for product separation and catalyst recycling in coupled enzymatic catalysis to produce 1,3‐propanediol and dihydroxyacetone for repeated batch

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Glycerol can be converted to 1,3‐propanediol (1,3‐PD) and dihydroxyacetone (DHA) simultaneously by coupled enzymatic catalysis reaction with in situ cofactor regeneration. However, traditional separation methods for product extraction and catalyst (enzyme and cofactor) recycling had some drawbacks for the repeated‐batch enzymatic catalysis reaction. In this work, a new separation method based on resin adsorption was investigated and applied in the repeated‐batch enzymatic catalysis reaction for the simultaneous production of 1,3‐PD and DHA from glycerol. A type of resin, DA201, which adsorbed much more products (adsorption amount > 260 mg/g resin) than enzymes and cofactor (adsorption amount < 16 mg/g resin), was screened out and applied as an adsorbent of products. The coupled enzymatic system was actually sustained for 10 h before and after resin adsorption. The total turnover number for cofactor was 121 and the total productivity of 1,3‐PD and DHA was 0.24 g/L/h. A new method of product separation and catalyst recycling based on resin adsorption was successfully developed and could be applied in the coupled enzymatic catalysis for the production of valuable chemicals in industry.
Changes in CD4+ T-cells and HIV RNA resulting from combination of anti-TB therapy with Dzherelo in TB/HIV dually infected patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The open-label, phase II clinical trial of antituberculosis therapy (ATT) with or without oral immunomodulator Dzherelo (Immunoxel) was conducted in TB/HIV coinfected, antiretroviral therapy naïve patients to evaluate the effect on CD4 T-lymphocyte counts and viral load. The arm A (n = 20) received isoniazid (H); rimfapicin (R); pyrazinamide (Z); streptomycin (S); and ethambutol (E), and arm B (n = 20) received 50 drops of Dzherelo twice per day in addition to HRZSE. After 2 months in 90% of Dzherelo patients the population of absolute CD4 T-cells expanded by an average of 71.2% (from 174 to 283 cells/microl; P = 0.00003), but declined in ATT-alone patients (182 to 174; P = 0.34). The ratio between CD4/CD8 cells deteriorated in 80% of individuals in arm A (1.213 > 0.943; P = 0.002), but improved in the same proportion of patients in arm B (1.244 > 1.536; P = 0.007). The number of total CD3+ lymphocytes rose from 728 to 921 cells in arm B (P = 0.025) whereas it fell from 650 to 585 cells in arm A (P = 0.25). The viral load, as measured by plasma RNA-PCR, decreased in 70% of Dzherelo recipients (2.174 > 1.558 copies/ml; P = 0.002), but increased in 70% of HRZSE only receivers (1.907 > 2.076 copies/ml; P = 0.03). Dzherelo has a favorable effect on the immune status and viral burden in TB/HIV patients when given as an immunomodulating adjunct to ATT.
Insecticidal efficiency of green-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles on bean weevil, Acanthoscelides obtectus Say. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) as a bio-insecticide has gained increasing attention due to their eco-friendly properties and proven efficacy in controlling pest populations. This study comprehensively assessed the insecticidal activity of ZnO-NPs against the bean weevil, Acanthoscelides obtectus Say. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) adults, by analyzing mortality rates in a dose-dependent manner under controlled laboratory conditions. ZnO-NPs were synthesized and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), which confirmed their spherical shape and nanoscale dimensions (~100 nm). Adult mortality was monitored over a 10-day period at doses of 100, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg kg⁻¹. The two-way ANOVA results revealed that both dose and exposure duration had significant effects on insect mortality rates. Furthermore, one-way ANOVA showed a significant dose-dependent increase in mortality, with the highest dose (1000 mg kg⁻¹) achieving a corrected mortality rate of 93.3%. These findings underscore the potential of ZnO-NPs as a sustainable alternative to conventional chemical insecticides, particularly for integrated pest management strategies in stored products. Future studies should focus on optimizing control practices in storage facilities and evaluating the long-term effects on non-target organisms and explore various doses and application methods to ensure safe and effective use.
Enhancing the Renewable Energy Auctions in Turkey

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Auction mechanism has been a promising market-based mechanism to promote the generation of electricity from renewable energy sources (RES-E).The success of this mechanism relies on accurate determination of auction design criteria in view of country specifics. Turkey is one of the countries applying this mechanism. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the design criteria of the renewable energy auction mechanism and to make recommendations as required to improve the effectiveness of this mechanism. Assessments and recommendations as part of this study shall seek to provide an opportunity to review such auction design criteria, benefiting from past experiences, which shall in turn enhance the effectiveness of new auctions. Applied incentives have boosted the share of RES-E in Turkey in the last ten years. Feed-in-Tariff has driven rapid growth in renewable markets and enhanced manufacturing industries. This analysis results show that a large-scale capacity-based auction volume through a single tender created enough competition and large volumes of renewable energy being secured at lower prices. Within the scope of long-term plans, auctions should be held regularly at predetermined intervals in order to facilitate market predictability for investors, and could lead to competition. Renewable auctions to be carried out should be smaller in volume and be distributed across different geographical regions.
Schottky Diode Large-Signal Equivalent-Circuit Parameters Extraction for High-Efficiency Microwave Rectifying Circuit Design

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A novel parameter extraction method for the Schottky diode's large-signal equivalent-circuit model is proposed, and used to design high-efficiency microwave rectifying circuits. This method extracts the nonlinear SPICE parameters in the equivalent-circuit from measured I-V and C-V data, and the linear parasitic parameters from the broadband small-signal S-parameters. Moreover, it employs a de-embedding technology that adopts an equivalent circuit to remove the influence of the test fixture in the S-parameters measurement, thereby additional TRL calibration kits are not required. As a sample, large-signal equivalent-circuit parameters of the Schottky diode with model number MA4E1317 are extracted by the proposed method. Then it was used to design two Class-F microwave rectifying circuits working at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz, respectively. Owing to the high accuracy of the extracted parameters by the proposed method, the simulation results such as the large-signal transient voltage waveforms across the diode agree well with the measured ones. Furthermore, two rectifying circuits exhibit very high rectifying efficiencies (e.g., 83.5% at 2.45 GHz and 82.1% at 5.8 GHz with 16.8 dBm input power).
Motion Verbs of Manner in FrameNet: A Comparison between Persian and English

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study aims to comparatively investigate the semantic frames of motion verbs in Persian and English within the framework of the frame semantics theory (Fillmore 1977; 1982; 1985). As far as motion verbs are concerned, it is obvious that Manner is considered as one of the motion components expressed by either the verb or any element other than the verb. In English — a satellite-framed language (Talmy 2000b) — Manner is shown by motion verbs, whereas in Persian it is typically indicated by non-verbal elements, although there are also some verbs via which Manner is encoded. Within this study, thirty English verbs of manner were selected from among the ones Levin (1993) has introduced and then the verbs were translated into Persian and looked up through the Persian Corpus of Bijankhan to achieve their contexts of use. Next, FrameNet was asked for the semantic frame each verb evoked. Thereafter, comparing the semantic frames in the two languages, it was revealed that not every verb of manner does exist as a Lexical Unit in FrameNet. Likewise, not for every verb was a specified semantic frame either. Moreover, the frames for some other verbs have been defined in such a way that they cannot semantically distinguish those verbs from each other, whereas such distinctions are prominent in both manner verbs and the frames they evoke especially in Persian.
Knee Instability Before and After High Tibial Osteotomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Knee joints were examined by three-point measurement (Edholm et al. 1976, 1977). The instability in arthrotic joints did not differ significantly from that in normal knees, but the varus/valgus deviation as measured by the three-point technique differed significantly from that in normal knees. After high tibial osteotomy for varus malalignment the instability increased significantly. An increase of more than 2 degrees was associated with significantly poorer subjective results of operation. The findings indicate that shortening of the lateral stabilizing structures of the knee joint should be carried out in connection with high tibial osteotomy for varus malalignment. No upper limit of preoperative instability consistent with a good result of operation was established.
The He II Lyman alpha forest: evaluation of simulated data

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Using an artificial H I Lyα spectrum we simulate the corresponding He II forest with fixed values of η and a Doppler parameter consisting of a thermal and a turbulent part. In addition metal lines with line strengths and line density as expected in the case of HS 1700+6416 are superimposed. FUSElike noise is added. The analysis of the simulated spectra in terms of Doppler profiles recovers the input η = N(He II)/N(H I) with a scatter by a factor of 10. About 10 % have significantly lower η-values for various reasons. The majority of the extremely high η-values (up to 1000) are evidently caused by metal lines. We conclude that part of the scatter in η of previous analyses of the He II forest in HE 2347-4342 can be regarded as an artifact. However, we confirm that the correlation between small column densities (in voids) and high η-values is not a methodical artifact and appears to be a true phenomenon. 1.
RESOURCE USE EFFICIENCY IN GUM ARABIC PRODUCTION AMONG FARMERS IN YOBE STATE, NIGERIA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study aimed at assessing the efficiency of resource utilization among gum Arabic farmers in Yobe State of Nigeria; towards determining the parameters that could promote the commercialization of the crop in Nigeria. One hundred and twenty gum Arabic farmers were selected by multi-staged random sampling from six local government areas, and structured questionnaires were administered to obtain data for the study. The data collected included farm size, cost of farm tools, cost of labour, yield of gum Arabic, total revenue from gum Arabic; and socio-economic variables such as age, marital status, family size and educational level. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, budgeting technique and production function analysis. Results indicated that gross income, gross margin and net farm income per hectare of N 30,000.00 (US Dollar 187.50), N 20,980.00 (US Dollar 131.13) and N 19,430.00 (US Dollar 121.44) were realized. Return to labour and naira investment were 3.08 and 1.84 respectively. Results also indicated that farm size, cost of farm tools, hired labour, family labour and transport cost were used within the rational zone but not at optimal levels.
Speech sound learning depends on individuals’ ability, not just experience

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Aims: The goal of this study was to investigate if phonetic experience with two languages facilitated the learning of novel speech sounds or if general perceptual abilities independent of bilingualism played a role in this learning. Method: The underlying neural mechanisms involved in novel speech sound learning were observed in groups of English monolinguals ( n = 20), early Spanish–English bilinguals ( n = 24), and experimentally derived subgroups of individuals with advanced ability to learn novel speech sound contrasts (ALs, n = 28) and individuals with non-advanced ability to learn novel speech sound contrasts (non-ALs, n = 16). Subjects participated in four consecutive sessions of phonetic training in which they listened to novel speech sounds embedded in Hungarian pseudowords. Participants completed two fMRI sessions, one before training and another one after training. While in the scanner, participants passively listened to the speech stimuli presented during training. A repeated measures behavioral analysis and ANOVA for fMRI data were conducted to investigate learning after training. Results and conclusions: The results showed that bilinguals did not significantly differ from monolinguals in the learning of novel sounds behaviorally. Instead, the behavioral results revealed that regardless of language group (monolingual or bilingual), ALs were better at discriminating pseudowords throughout the training than non-ALs. Neurally, region of interest (ROI) analysis showed increased activity in the superior temporal gyrus (STG) bilaterally in ALs relative to non-ALs after training. Bilinguals also showed greater STG activity than monolinguals. Extracted values from ROIs entered into a 2×2 MANOVA showed a main effect of performance, demonstrating that individual ability exerts a significant effect on learning novel speech sounds. In fact, advanced ability to learn novel speech sound contrasts appears to play a more significant role in speech sound learning than experience with two phonological systems.
A Preliminary Study of Size Optimization for Text-Based Web-Resource

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper discusses about file size optimization of text-based Web resources with the aim of network traffic reduction. From the perspective of network traffic reduction, wasteful representations written in text-based resources(e.g., indent, line break and comment) should be eliminated by applying any optimization techniques before the deployment. However, there are no common-sense of size optimization for text-based resources compared to multimedia resources. Our long-term goal of this research is to create or develop a literacy of size optimization for text-based resources on the Web. In this paper, we organize some existing size optimization techniques with these advantages and disadvantages. Next we conduct an experiment to show the effect of two optimization techniques using three famous JavaScript libraries. Finally, we discuss requirements and measures of server-side size optimization plug in that keeps both continuous of development and code openness of the Web.
Leveraging Social Sustainability in the Amazonian Forest

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The social dimension of sustainability has not gained as much attention in bioeconomy (BE) literature as have the environmental and economic dimensions. Thus, this study's purpose is to analyze how social sustainability of the non-timber forest-based BE enterprise in the Amazonian Forest has been leveraged. A case study was performed in the largest enterprise in Latin America that produces babassu coconut-activated carbon for industrial use. This enterprise is a benefit corporation (B Corp) certified by B lab. The main contributions of the study are: (i) proposing a framework for social sustainability that considers its drivers and elements, for both internal and external stakeholders; (ii) indicating the impact of social sustainability on enterprises' business model; (iii) pointing out the contribution of technological innovations to the circular economy and preservation of traditions and environment; and (iv) studying an under-explored object such as a B Corp in the Amazonian Forest.