jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Aztreonam Dosing Regimens in Patients With Normal and Impaired Renal Function: A Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Monte Carlo Simulation Analysis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Aztreonam is a monocyclic β‐lactam antibiotic often used to treat infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae or Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Despite the long history of clinical use, population pharmacokinetic modeling of aztreonam in renally impaired patients is not yet available. The aims of this study were to assess the impact of renal impairment on aztreonam exposure and to evaluate dosing regimens for patients with renal impairment. A population model describing aztreonam pharmacokinetics following intravenous administration was developed using plasma concentrations from 42 healthy volunteers and renally impaired patients from 2 clinical studies. The final pharmacokinetic model was used to predict aztreonam plasma concentrations and evaluate the probability of pharmacodynamic target attainment (PTA) in patients with different levels of renal function. A 2‐compartment model with first‐order elimination adequately described aztreonam pharmacokinetics. The population mean estimates of aztreonam clearance, intercompartmental clearance, volume of distribution of the central compartment, and volume of distribution of the peripheral compartment were 4.93 L/h, 9.26 L/h, 7.43 L, and 6.44 L, respectively. Creatinine clearance and body weight were the most significant variables to explain patient variability in aztreonam clearance and volume of distribution, respectively. Simulations using the final pharmacokinetic model resulted in a clinical susceptibility break point of 4 and 8 mg/L, respectively, based on the clinical use of 1‐ and 2‐g loading doses with the same or reduced maintenance dose every 8 hours for various renal deficiency patients. The population pharmacokinetic modeling and PTA estimation support adequate PTAs (>90% PTA) from the aztreonam label for dose adjustment of aztreonam in patients with moderate and severe renal impairment.
Economic Activities of Migrants in Transnational Social Spaces

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

For viewers of the Turkish government channel TRT Avraysa on German cable television, it is obvious that some Turkish immigrants' children in Germany have embarked on successful music careers in both Turkey and Germany. For example, during the summer of 1995, the German-based Turkish rap group 'Cartel' (now disbanded) replaced Michael Jackson as number one in the Turkish charts. Also, the nightly news on German TV usually features reports on the widely known Kurdish political-military organization — the Partiya Karkarên Kurdistan (PKK, Kurdistan Workers' Party). The PKK not only operates in Turkey but also tries to influence German politicians to exert pressure on its Turkish counterpart. Moreover, TV programmes for Turkey are often produced in Germany and vice versa. For example, the state television TRT produces about a quarter of its shows for viewers of TRT Avrasya in Germany. Another example of transnational linkages developing in the course of international migration is the growing presence of Islamist groups. Being denied a formal status in Turkey in the 1970s and 1980s, these organizations grew and flourished in Germany. Also, it has been obvious that Turkish migrants' remittances, though declining, have been complemented by a flow of goods and information in the other direction. In addition, capital flows are gradually replacing remittances. For example, some Turkish migrants' children have been investing in textile production in Turkey and marketing the products in Germany. Similar observations can be made for many of the origins and destinations of labour migrant and refugee flows in the contemporary world (see, for example, Pessar, 1997).
Understanding the Activity of Co‐N4−xCx in Atomic Metal Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Catalysis

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Atomic metal catalysis (AMC) provides an effective way to enhance activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Cobalt anchored on nitrogen‐doped carbon materials have been extensively reported. The carbon‐hosted Co‐N 4 structure was widely considered as the active site; however, it is very rare to investigate the activity of Co partially coordinated with N, for example, Co‐N 4− x C x . Herein, the activity of Co‐N 4− x C x with tunable coordination environment is investigated as the active sites for ORR catalysis. The defect (di‐vacancies) on carbon is essential for the formation of Co‐N 4− x C x . N species play two important roles in promoting the intrinsic activity of atomic metal catalyst: N coordinated with Co to manipulate the reactivity by modification of electronic distribution and N helped to trap more Co to increase the number of active sites.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of the Centered Cluster Compound Ba3(Zr6Cl18Be) .

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Religion und Recht in der Frühen Neuzeit

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Religion and Law in the Early Modern history. The devaluation of the canon law by Protestant Reformers promoted the system-oriented presentations of law based on Roman law. Also in ius publicum there is a significant majority of Protestant authors. The situation differs from natural law and law of nations where the discourse of the 16 th century was broadly determined by Catholic authors, specifically by the so called Spanish late scholasticism. In the Spanish empire fundamental works on natural law and law of nations were created. This came to an end in consequence of a „re-theologisation“ of the judicial discourse in the Jesuit led Tridentine Counter- Reformation. During the 17 th century - starting with Hugo Grotius (1625) - we see primarily Protestant authors in the field.
Restless Peasants And Scornful Lords: Lay Hostility To Holy Men And The Church In Late Antiquity And The Early Middle Ages

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Santo, Phil Booth. p. cm. — (Brill's series on the early Middle Ages, ISSN 1878-4879; v. 20) Based on a symposium held at Trinity College, Cambridge. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 978-90-04-20660-1 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Christian sociology— History—Early church, ca
Assessment of the Two-Glutathione S-Transferase Genotypes GSTM1 and GSTT1 Polymorphism Frequencies in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer in Nasiriya Province

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The family of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) is composed of multiple isozymes with significant evidenceof functional polymorphic variation. Glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 and GSTT1 are members of theGST family, is responsible for metabolism of xenobiotics and carcinogens. Allelic variant of GST genepolymorphisms might impair detoxification function and increase the susceptibility to cancer. The nullgenetic polymorphism in the gene encoding GST Class µ, GSTM1 and GSTT1, has been reported to besignificantly elevated in cancer patient. This study aimed to investigate if these polymorphisms are usefulmarkers for predicting ovarian cancer susceptibility. 30 cases of epithelial ovarian cancer and 30 controlswas used to investigate the frequency of GSTT1 and GSTM1 genotypes by using multiplex conventionalPCR protocol. The frequency of GSTM1 null allele was significantly elevated (100%, P = 0.004) comparedwith GSTT1 active allele (13% P = 0.037). GSTT1 null showed no significant effect in prognosis epithelialovarian cancer (17%, P = 0.551). We conclude that the GSTs might affect in both risk to ovarian cancer.
University priorities and constraints

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Since its launch in 1998, the Glion Colloquium has established itself as both a key international forum and a highly influential resource in addressing the challenges and responsibilities of the world's research universities. Held every two years, the forum brings together leaders of research universities, often joined by key figures from business and government, to consider together how the world's leading universities can meet the great challenges of the 21st century. Along the way, the forum also considers key issues related to research universities, including their management and financing, and issues of academic freedom and university relationships with private enterprise, governments and the wider public. The forum's intense discussions take place over three days in the tranquil setting of Glion-above-Montreux, Switzerland, and are based on papers prepared in advance by the participants. After the forum the papers are published both online and in books with worldwide circulation to give universities, governments and businesses practical access to cutting-edge analysis of the current and future state of the world's prominent research universities and of the major benefits these institutions can bring to society.
CSD 1843795: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An entry from the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database, the world’s repository for inorganic crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the joint CCDC and FIZ Karlsruhe Access Structures service and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Glyceridae Grube 1850 (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Southern and Southeastern Brazil, including a new species of Glycera

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This systematic study of the polychaete species of the family Glyceridae is part of a broader program to inventory and determine parameters for conservation and sustainable use of the marine biodiversity off the southeastern and southern coast of Brazil. The material studied was collected from intertidal sandy beaches, the inner continental shelf (<50 m depth) off the northern coast of the state of São Paulo, and the outer continental shelf and part of the continental slope (depths from 60 to 808 m) off the state of Rio de Janeiro south to Rio Grande do Sul (22° S - 34° 40' S). The descriptions of several species were improved, adding new and important taxonomic characters, mainly related to proboscideal papillae. A key for identification of the glycerid species from southeastern and southern Brazil is also provided. Eight species of Glyceridae were identified: Glycera americana Leidy 1855; Glycera brevicirris Grube 1870; Glycera dibranchiata Ehlers 1868; Glycera lapidum Quatrefages 1866; Glycera oxycephala Ehlers 1887; Glycera tesselata Grube 1863; Hemipodia californiensis (Hartman 1938); Hemipodia simplex (Grube 1857); and a previously unknown species of Glycera.
THE POPULATION BIOLOGY OF THE BUTTERFLY EUPHYDRY AS EDITH A. III. SELECTION AND THE PHENETICS OF THE JASPER RIDGE COLONY

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The previous papers in this series (Ehrlich, 1961, 1965; Labine, 1964) dealt with the structure and ecology of the colony of Euphydryas editha on the Stanford Jasper Ridge Biological Experimental Area. Intensive studies were carried out in the years 1960 to 1964 inclusive, but some information was available from earlier years. In this paper the phenetic variation in the colony during the period is described and interpreted.
Exploration and Exploitation Approaches Based on Generative Machine Learning to Identify Potent Small Molecule Inhibitors of α-Synuclein Secondary Nucleation

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The high attrition rate in drug discovery pipelines is an especially pressing issue for Parkinson's disease, for which no disease-modifying drugs have yet been approved. Numerous clinical trials targeting α-synuclein aggregation have failed, at least in part due to the challenges in identifying potent compounds in preclinical investigations. To address this problem, we present a machine learning approach that combines generative modeling and reinforcement learning to identify small molecules that perturb the kinetics of aggregation in a manner that reduces the production of oligomeric species. Training data were obtained by an assay reporting on the degree of inhibition of secondary nucleation, which is the most important mechanism of α-synuclein oligomer production. This approach resulted in the identification of small molecules with high potency against secondary nucleation.
KNOT HOMOLOGY OF (3, m) TORUS KNOTS

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We give a direct computation of the Khovanov knot homology of the (3, m) torus knots/links. Our computation yields complete results with ℤ[½] coefficients, though we leave a slight ambiguity concerning 2-torsion when integer coefficients are used. Our computation uses only the basic long exact sequence in knot homology and Rasmussen's result on the triviality of the embedded surface invariant.
[Isolated defect injuries of the common femoral and external pelvic veins].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The author describes the case-history of an injury of the common femoral and external pelvic vein. He describes the method of replacement of the loss using an autovenous graft formed from the trunk of the vena saphena magna which was split longitudinally and then sutured in a spiral fashion. The applied reconstruction method can be evaluated as reliable, technically feasible. The reconstruction is patent after two years and the affected extremity bears no signs of venostasis.
Chiral Guanidium Salt-Catalyzed Asymmetric Ring-Opening of Aliphatic Cyclic Carbonate via Enantioselective Proton Transfer

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The asymmetric ring-opening of aliphatic cyclic carbonates represents a strategically important, yet challenging, transformation for accessing chiral building blocks and polymeric materials. Herein, we present a novel methodology enabling the enantioselective desymmetrization of aliphatic cyclic carbonates using morpholine as the nucleophile and chiral bicyclic guanidinium salt as the catalyst under mild conditions. The protocol exhibits exceptional substrate tolerance, providing a diverse array of alkyl- and aromatic-substituted products with excellent yield and high enantioselectivity (97:3). Notably, it also enables the parallel kinetic resolution of racemic unsymmetrical alkyl-substituted cyclic carbonates with superior selectivity. The stereochemical outcome is supported by density functional theory (DFT) studies, which reveal a cooperative mechanism involving chiral guanidinium cation-solvent interactions that stabilize the transition state for the enantioselective 1,3-proton transfer step.
Bandgap technology and process development for genetic InP monolithic integration

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The increasing complexity of next-generation optical communications systems and networking architectures requires more components to be integrated on a single chip, forming photonic integrated circuits (PICs), in order to enhance the performance and reliability, and increase the functionality while lowering the manufacturing cost. These benefits are similar to what has been achieved in very large scale integrated circuits (VLSI) in the electronics industry. Quantum well/dot intermixing (QWI/QDI), a post-growth process for tuning the bandgap of a semiconductor epilayer in selective areas as required by specific devices, is a key technology to enabling PIC fabrication due to its relative simplicity compared to other technologies such as selective area growth, growth-regrowth, etc. In this project, argon plasma enhanced QWI/QDI, a technique invented by us, is investigated as the enabling technology for photonic integration application. InP and InGaAs cap layers with different doping types were investigated with polarized edge- emitting photoluminescence analysis technique. A theoretical model was built up to quantitatively analyze QWI. The derived diffusion lengths on group V and III sublattices show that the cap material plays an important role as it influences both the accumulation and diffusion of point defects during plasma process and annealing process, respectively. It is showed that the p-InP is a suitable cap material for realizing large blue shift for photonic integration application. The influence of plasma process on p-InP cap material for blue shift application is also investigated. The results show that the high rf power during argon plasma process is suitable for achieving maximum blue shift, whereas the low rf power is more controllable. The application of Ar-plasma enhance QWI on photonic integration is investigated on an optimized full structure with a p-InP sacrificial layer. Integrated superluminescent diode and integrated multi-mode interferometer with semiconductor optical amplifier are presented to demonstrate the Ar-plasma enhanced QWI for photonic integration application.
The Effect Of Melatonin On The Leptin And Growth Hormone In Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland in response to darkness, because of that it named hormone of darkness. Melatonin has generated an important deal of interest as a therapeutic modality for many diseases especially sleep disorders. Melatonin and leptin show a role in energy metabolism and circadian variation. A relationship between these hormones has been discussed. Melatonin has been appearing to be able to positively affecting the leptin in the circulation. Also, Growth hormone (GH) and melatonin belong to the group of growth factors. This research assume to measure the effect that happened on leptin and growth hormone under the melatonin treatment by using male and female albino, laboratory-bred mice, 72 mice were divided to 3 groups, group A as control group, group B with 3mg and group C that treated with 12mg melatonin . The killing process was done in 2 stages (6 and 10 weeks). Blood samples were taken and analyzed In addition. The results were proved significantly higher levels of plasma leptin and GH in mice that treated with melatonin compared to control mice. Our discovery from this study that melatonin elevate the leptin and GH levels in blood, decrease the body weight.
Diversity of Vegetables from the Markets of Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Consumption of vegetables and traditional greens are a major source of vitamins and micronutrients. They are reported to be rich in protein, essential minerals and vitamins. The present study provides an overview of the use and status of 86 vegetables in the markets of Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Field visits were made to the local markets in and around Chennai covering nearly 30 km 2 and major survey were done from Koyambedu Wholesale Market Complex (KWMC), Chennai and its environs. Data were collected using semi-structures interviews mediated by questionnaires with the vegetable vendors. Data collection was complemented by asking for information concerning each of the products encountered. Assessment of the diversity of vegetables available in the markets could be used as a benchmark for their production.
Iontophoresis and Chloride-Containing Compounds: Parameters Required for Killing

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Fungi, and gram-positive and gram-negative organisms were susceptible to iontophoretic killing in simple media. Iontophoresis did not depend on electrode type but did require chloride-containing compounds in the medium. All organisms could be killed efficiently if chloride-containing compounds (for example sodium chloride and calcium chloride) were present in physiological concentrations. Effectiveness of iontophoretic killing could be reduced by nonphysiologically elevated concentrations of other substances (for example creatinine and albumin). The data suggest that iontophoresis should function well in urine, since chloride-containing compounds are present in adequate concentrations even if some naturally occurring compounds, such as creatinine or albumin, are elevated.
Effects of a 12-month task-specific balance training on the balance status of stroke survivors with and without cognitive impairments in Selected Hospitals in Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Within the groups, a 12-month TSBT intervention significantly improved balance control, respectively, but with broader effects in the CIG than NCIG. Importantly, though between-group comparison at baseline revealed significantly impaired balance control in the CIG than NCIG, these differences were not significant at the 8th month and non-existent at the 12th month of TSBT intervention. These results underscore the robustness of TSBT to evenly address specific balance deficits of stroke survivors with and without CI within a long-term rehabilitation plan as was hypothesized.
Eighty-Nine Divided by Seventy-Six

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Eighty-Nine Divided by Seventy-Six Get access Paul Downes Paul Downes paul.downes@utoronto.ca Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Literary History, Volume 23, Issue 1, Spring 2011, Pages 83–101, https://doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajq069 Published: 03 December 2010
In vitro studies on a bioreactor module containing encapsulated goat hepatocytes for the development of bioartificial liver.

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Encapsulated goat hepatocytes efficiently detoxified ammonia to urea. Cells were metabolically active up to 48 hours, indicating their feasibility for use in a bioreactor module. Encapsulation protected the hepatocytes from antibody-mediated cell lysis.
Land Reparations and Ecological Justice: An Interview with Sam Siva

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Dimitris and Maria: We would like to thank you again, Sam, for contributing your text 'Land in Our Names: Building an Anti-racist Food Movement' to this book and accepting to follow up with an interview. We reached out to you for an intervention because we felt your voice and the work of LION are absolutely necessary for this book. We are immensely grateful for your time as we know how precious and precarious activist time is. To start maybe we would like to ask a bit more about LION about the organization, how you work, and about your plans.
A Review: Heart Disease Prediction in Machine Learning & Deep Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The whole world has come to know the fact that heart disease is not a trivial issue. Although the years have changed, throngs of patients are diagnosed with this lethal disease and not only is it not decreasing, but increasing and this is evident from the analysis of death rates across the country. Heart disease is caused by several main factors such as negligence in taking care of diet and daily life. Causes such as age and genetics cannot be fully controlled by humans. So it is the responsibility of each individual to take care of critical risk factors that can be controlled by humans. Innovation and data mining technology should also help to reduce the death rate caused by heart disease. Existing data should be used to find hidden relationships, which are very useful for early diagnosis, which can be a new advanced technology and potentially improve the level of the national health system. This paper underlines previous studies that leverage machine learning and deep learning expertise to predict heart disease. Each algorithm produces variations in accuracy and this study will examine the variables that enable these results. At the end of the study, the results achieved by deep learning proved to be ahead of machine learning by showing consistency in a satisfactory range between 84% to 99%.