jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
O uso do registro de desenho industrial na apropriação das inovações em design no Brasil

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The general purpose of this thesis was to understand how and why companies that operate in countries with problems in the functioning of institutions use industrial design registration (RDI) to appropriate their innovations in design. To achieve this, specific objectives were outlined to identify the following aspects: the perception of companies about the benefits provided by innovations, which they intend to appropriate; the perception of the effectiveness of the RDI in combating illegal copying; the determining factors for using the RDI; and the motivations for doing so. Qualitative exploratory research was chosen through the case study method, using semi-structured interviews with professionals using RDI from five organisations that innovate in design in Brazil. Using the content analysis technique, the benefits provided by innovations in design were identified, as the effect of imitators' actions, as well as the importance given by companies to appropriating this type of innovation. The research revealed that companies innovate in design in Brazil mainly to differentiate and draw customers' attention to their products. The investigation also revealed that RDI is generally used by companies with experience using other IP mechanisms (usually patents). As in more economically developed countries, companies use the RDI in Brazil to combat the action of imitators. However, in the context of this research, priority is given to the use of informal mechanisms for appropriating innovations (e.g. secrecy) and the associated use of different mechanisms, with the RDI being adopted to strengthen the condition for appropriating innovation in design and/or product innovations as a whole and not in the expectation that, in isolation, it will be effective in combating illegal copying. Thus, as they did not trust the mechanism's effectiveness, companies revealed that they used the RDI motivated by the intention of pressuring the improvement of Brazilian institutions in their activities related to the granting and applying IP rights. Finally, this study made it possible to understand the influence of the institutional environment on the intention of companies to innovate, indicating that although such problems in operation may discourage them from innovating in the country, they do not prevent them from using the RDI, since the motivation to its use also becomes the improvement of the institutional system itself
Regarding history - Some narratives concerning the Cafe-Concert, Le Music-Hall, and the feminist academic

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Ten years ago I undertook a study of 19th-century French popular theatre, concentrating on history and development of Cafi-concert and its successor Le Music Hall. Since then I have frequently returned to this work, rethinking and revising same body of material in light of shifting theoretical perspectives. My most recent return has drawn on feminist theory and focused on female performer. This writing is itself fourth version of a paper I originally delivered at a conference in 1993.' I wish to use it to some points concerning narratives and metanarratives from a (generally) postmodern perspective, in a form that demands some sort of narrative closure-the drawing of conclusions. This piece, then, is performative in that it enacts its own contradictions, and political in that it explores some of implications of various contexts from which it is produced. In his two-volume study France 1848-1914, Theodore Zeldin remarked that it was impossible to make more than a guess at precise importance of their role in city, since Cafe-concerts had yet to be studied, only pictorial ephemera survived, and the only written records are songs (1977:702). I found a huge mass of other written material available in England and France-newspaper articles, special issues of magazines, biographies, autobiographies, diaries, essays by likes of Zola and Huysmans, as well as a small number of 19thand 20th-century books-often clearly entitled Le Cafi-concert._ Many of these works discuss their precise role in life of city. Zeldin was wrong, yet I found it difficult to believe that such a distinguished scholar had not looked and so could only assume he had judged this evidence as illegitimate to serious scholarship. In two or three pages he does devote to area, Zeldin, like majority of writers of this period, tends to represent Caf&-concert as a paradigm of a lost, popular, working-class culture which was vital, interesting, decent, moral, and most importantly unthreatening.3 Obviously, in France such discourses might be attributed to
Principal neurofilament-associated protein kinase in squid axoplasm is related to casein kinase I.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A cytoskeletal extract of pure axoplasm, highly enriched with neurofilaments (ANF), was prepared from the giant axon of the squid. This ANF preparation also contained potent kinase activities which phosphorylated the Mr greater than 400,000 (high molecular weight) and Mr 220,000 squid neurofilament protein subunits. High salt (1 M) extraction of this ANF preparation solubilized most of the neurofilament proteins and kinase activities and gel filtration on an AcA 44 column separated these two components. The neurofilaments eluted in the void volume of the column while the kinase activities eluted in the 17-44-kDa range of the column. Two major kinase activities were measured in this peak of activity. One of these strongly phosphorylated the phosphate acceptor peptide Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser-Leu-Gly (Kemptide) and was completely inhibited by the selective inhibitor of cAMP-dependent kinase Thr-Thr-Tyr-Ala-Asp-Phe-Ile-Ala-Ser-Gly-Arg-Thr-Gly-Arg-Arg-Asn-Ala-Ile- NH2 (Wiptide). Since addition of cAMP did not stimulate activity, this suggested that this kinase was a free catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent kinase associated with the neurofilaments. The second kinase activity most effectively phosphorylated alpha-casein, and this activity was not affected by Wiptide. The alpha-casein phosphorylating activity (ANF kinase) was the principal activity responsible for neurofilament protein phosphorylation, and was not inhibited by various inhibitors against second messenger regulated kinases, suggesting it was related to the casein kinase family. Four lines of evidence indicate ANF kinase was similar to casein kinase I. These were: 1) the apparent molecular weight determined by gel filtration and the chromatographic elution profile on phosphocellulose column corresponded to casein kinase I; 2) heparin, an inhibitor of casein kinase II at 2-5 micrograms/ml, stimulated both ANF kinase and purified casein kinase I at these concentrations, while CKI-7, a relatively selective inhibitor of casein kinase I, inhibited ANF kinase in a comparable dose-response fashion; 3) purified casein kinase I strongly phosphorylated both ANF protein subunits (like ANF kinase) whereas casein kinase II was relatively ineffective; and 4) tryptic peptide maps of the HMW and Mr 220,000 neurofilament proteins after phosphorylation by ANF kinase or purified casein kinase I showed similar 32P-peptide patterns.
Growth of citrus seedlings: Effect of 2,4–D available to roots of seedlings varies with concentration and seedling variety

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Little is known regarding the effect of 2,4-D–and especially of a range of 2,4-D concentration–on the growth of the tops or of the rootstock of citrus trees, although considerable information is available as to the effect of 2,4-D when applied to citrus fruit and its effect on the retention by the tree of oil-soaked citrus leaves.
Multi-shot EPI diffusion tensor imaging of the human lumbar spinal cord is sensitive to microstructural tissue changes in multiple sclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Motivation: Lumbar spinal cord diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) could provide insight into lower extremity dysfunction in multiple sclerosis; however, susceptibility artifacts and geometric distortions cause challenges. Goal(s): Our goal was to deploy a multi-shot, reduced field-of-view, 2D-navigated DTI sequence in the lumbar enlargement to compare healthy and multiple sclerosis findings. Approach: 28 healthy controls and 35 multiple sclerosis patients were imaged, and difference in DTI indices were explored both within-subject and between-subject. Results: Significant DTI lesion and white matter differences were found between healthy controls and multiple sclerosis patients, and heterogeneity in DTI indices was found throughout the healthy lumbar spinal cord. Impact: Evaluation of multi-shot, reduced field-of-view, 2D-navigated DTI of the lumbar spinal cord of healthy volunteers and multiple sclerosis patients provides a unique way to study tissue heterogeneity, and identifying specific lesion locations is necessary to evaluate disease-related damage.
Selective reactions in the triazene series. Part 2. Protodediazoniation of arenediazonium salts with formamide

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Treatment of preformed arenediazonium tetrafluoroborates or arenediazonium trifluoroacetates (formed in situ) with formamide and base effects reduction to the corresponding arene in moderate to good yield in cases where an electron-withdrawing substituent is present on the aromatic ring. Other functionalities remain unaffected. The mechanism of the protodediazoniation is shown to involve transfer of the formyl hydrogen atom to the substrate and may proceed via a 1-aryl-3-formyltriazene.
Effects of temperature on maturation of pseudothecia of Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa on oilseed rape stem debris

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Effects of temperature on maturation of pseudothecia of Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa , closely related species which coexist on UK oilseed rape, were investigated. Stages in pseudothecial maturation on naturally infected oilseed rape debris were examined, both in controlled environments (5, 10, 15 or 20°C) under continuous wetness and in natural conditions (debris exposed in September and December 2000, and July, September and November 2002). Pseudothecia sampled weekly were assigned to maturation classes A (asci undifferentiated), B (asci differentiated), C (ascospores differentiated) or D (ascospores mature). Progress in pseudothecial maturation (assessed by time until 50% of pseudothecia reached each class) was similar for L. maculans and L. biglobosa at 15–20°C, but L. biglobosa matured more slowly at < 10°C. Maturation time decreased almost linearly with temperature from 5 to 20°C under continuous wetness but was longer in natural conditions, especially when periods of dry weather occurred. Differences in pseudothecial maturation are likely to contribute to epidemiological differences between L. maculans and L. biglobosa , which may explain their coexistence. It is appropriate to use the degree‐day approximation to assess pseudothecial maturation at temperatures between 5 and 20°C, providing debris is wet.
Das akakianische Schisma: Liberatus, Breviarium 15-18

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT The analysis of Breviarium 15-18 shows the pro-chalcedonian, Western position of Liberatus. He stresses the impact of the bishop of Rome: Orthodoxy seems to mean obedience towards Rome. Liberatus expects an active role of the emperors in theological or ecclesiastical debates, so this cannot be regarded as a typically Eastern position. He reduces the theology of the debate to a couple of sentences and the Henotikon . The exact meaning of the Henotikon that is offered in a Latin version remains, however, unclear. Liberatus uses own sources that differ considerably from Ps.Zacharias Rhetor.
[Remifentanil and fentanyl combined with propofol administered by target controlled infusion in neurosurgery].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

TIVA with remifentanil or fentanyl combined with propofol administered by TCI in neurosurgical operation can provided steadible hemodynamics. Resuscitation of remifentanil with propofol administered by target controlled infusion were more quickly but the scores of pain were more higher than that of fentanyl.
Knowledge Engineering for Large Belief Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present several techniques for knowledge engineering of large belief networks (BNs) based on the our experiences with a network derived from a large medical knowledge base. The noisyMAX, a generalization of the noisy-OR gate, is used to model causal in dependence in a BN with multi-valued variables. We describe the use of leak probabilities to enforce the closed-world assumption in our model. We present Netview, a visualization tool based on causal independence and the use of leak probabilities. The Netview software allows knowledge engineers to dynamically view sub-networks for knowledge engineering, and it provides version control for editing a BN. Netview generates sub-networks in which leak probabilities are dynamically updated to reflect the missing portions of the network.
Inhibition of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System by l-Dopa with and without Inhibition of Extracerebral Dopa Decarboxylase in Man

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1. The present study was undertaken to investigate the possibility that central nervous system mono-aminergic pathways may play a role in the control of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in man. 2. Eight normal subjects received in a randomized order placebo, l-dopa (500 mg, orally) and l-dopa (100 mg, orally) plus carbidopa (35 mg, orally) after pretreatment with carbidopa (50 mg every 6 h for four doses). 3. l-Dopa administration elicited a significant fall in plasma renin activity (PRA) (P &lt; 0.01 at 120, 150 and 180 min) and in plasma aldosterone levels (P &lt; 0.05 at 90, 120, 150 and 180 min); L-dopa plus carbidopa induced a decrease in PRA (P &lt; 0.05 at 120 and 150 min, P &lt; 0.01 at 180 min) and in plasma aldosterone concentration (P &lt; 0.05 at 30 and 60 min, P &lt; 0.01 at 90 and 120 min), in comparison with placebo administration; between-drugs analysis revealed no difference in the decreases in PRA and plasma aldosterone levels induced by the two regimens. 4. Since l-dopa, as well as l-dopa plus carbidopa, has been shown to augment catecholamine levels in the brain of various animal species, the present data suggest that in man PRA and plasma aldosterone concentration might be inhibited by increased central nervous system catecholamine levels.
Investigation of Pediatric Innocent Murmur with Echocardiography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AbstractIntroduction: Innocent murmurs are common in childhood. Usually, they are heard without any structural and physiological abnormalities. The murmur is usually weak and short. But even if it is thought to be innocent, echocardiography (ECHO) is occasionally requested by primary doctor or families. The aim of this study is evaluation of childhood innocent murmur with ECHO and possible minor findings with normal clinical status. Method: This is a descriptive - retrospective chart review. We reviewed the charts of children and adolescents who were referred with asymptomatic murmur to Pediatric cardiology clinic at Fatih University Hospital between 01/ 2010 – 12/2011. We excluded cases who are found with any type of congenital/acquired cardiac diseases. Due to the nature of this study, we only included first to third degrees of murmurs. All participants are analyzed based on demographic, clinical, and ECHO finding data. Results: We reviewed 610 charts. 115 cases (18%) were excluded. 495 cases (82%) were included in the study. 209 (42.2%) of them were female and 286 (57.7%) were male. Age range was between 1 and 202 months (52,2 ± 41,9), height was between 50 and 175cm (102,2 ± 28,8) and body weight was between 3.70 and 97kgs (18,8 ± 12,89). Minimal Tricuspid valve regurgitation (TVR) was seen in 200 children (40.4%) and minimal TVR+ physiological Mitral valve regurgitation (MVR) was seen in 65 children (11.6%). Patent foramen ovale (PFO) was seen in 306 children (54,8%). Left ventricular (LV) muscular band (false tendon) was seen in 171 children (30,6%). Minimal TVR + physiological MVR+ LV muscular band (false tendon) was seen in 26 children (4,7%), trivial arteria valve regurgitation (AVR) was seen in 7 children (1,4%), and minimal TVR + minimal pulmonary regurgitation (PR) was seen in 11 cases (2%).Discussion: Even though the nature of murmur in physical exam supports the diagnosis of innocent murmur, evaluation with ECHO is commonly requested by families and physicians. In our study we excluded 18% of cases due to the presence of primary cardiac diseases. Included cases also exhibited some cardiac findings but none of those cause any shown cardiac dysfunction in near future. We advise innocent murmur group to be followed by primary physician unless they have any cardiac symptoms.
Unveiling Long‐Term Storage Failure Mechanisms of Single‐Crystal High‐Nickel Cathodes During Air Exposure

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Single‐crystal high‐nickel cathode (SC‐HN) materials are promising candidates for advanced lithium‐ion batteries due to their exceptional volumetric and gravimetric energy densities. However, SC‐HN materials face air instability, causing distinct storage failure mechanisms compared to polycrystalline high‐nickel cathode (PC‐HN) materials. The characteristics of SC‐HN, such as their lower specific surface area and reduced grain boundaries, make their failure mechanisms distinct and not directly applicable to PC‐HN materials. To address these unique degradation pathways, this study systematically investigated the storage failure mechanisms of SC‐HN material under ambient air exposure. Using advanced characterization techniques including soft X‐ray absorption spectra (sXAS), wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS), aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and etching‐based X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), we conducted comprehensive multi‐dimensional analyses over 6 months to track the evolution of chemical and structural changes. The results reveal that SC‐HN materials experience a nonlinear progression of structural and surface composition degradation, and surface structural transformations are found to be the main cause of performance decline. The findings deepen understanding of SC‐HN air instability and provide a basis for targeted strategies to enhance storage stability.
Dreams in Sand

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The inadequacy of verbal development is the most striking handicap to the analysis of children. In the young child, under seven years, many concepts such as “happy,” “sad,” and “worried” are frequently not recognized at all; the child's very vocabulary is too limited for expressive purposes. Even as late as pre-adolescence the child may fail to correlate its inner experiences with its vocabulary. Besides the limitation of vocabulary due to intellectual immaturity there is also the Super-Ego's restraining action on what may be expressed verbally, in cold blood, and the younger the child the greater is this restraint. Most children, however, given an adequate medium other than words, are richly expressive of themselves but, unfortunately, it is now the adult who is inadequate and frequently fails to understand the language that the child is using, or, understanding it, cannot express himself in it. He “interprets” for the child in the more adult language of words, and sometimes even at a more adult level of erotic and emotional development than the child's. When this happens the child usually demonstrates its inability to correlate the inner experience which it is expressing in its own language with the adult's verbal interpretation. It either takes no notice or is frankly puzzled, or gives up its expression as if stunned by the unexpected.
Studies on the diagnosis, epidemiology and immunity of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in sheep

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The gel diffusion test for detecting antibodies to Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis exotoxin was developed for the diagnosis of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA). Although it was not a definitive test for CLA it detected 78 per cent of sheep with CLA lesions, being more sensitive than the anti-haemolysin-inhibition test which detected C. pseudotuberculosis antitoxin in 62 per cent of sheep with CLA. Antibodies to the toxin were also commonly detected in sheep in which CLA lesions were not found but were considered to result from prior exposure to C. pseudotuberculosis with internal lesions either failing to develop or regressing. The serum agglutination and gel precipitation tests for the detection of antibodies to C. pseudotuberculosis bacterial cell were found not to be sufficiently sensitive for the diagnosis of CLA. \n \nEnrichment and selective media incorporating potassium tellurite. polysorbate 80 and/or nitrofurazone, in conjunction with anaerobic incubation, were developed for the cultural isolation of C. pseudotuberculosis from the sheep and its environment. Using these media C. pseudotuberculosis was isolated from infected shear cuts, the respiratory tracts (including buccal cavities) of sheep with lung lesions and used dipwashes. Isolation of the organism in low numbers from sheep faeces was not successful. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was found to survive up to 17 weeks in cool sheltered sites in the shearing shed environment but no longer than two weeks when exposed to sunlight. \n \nEpidemiological studies, using serological monitoring to determine the incidence of CLA, indicated that activities associated with shearing and dipping appeared to be the main cause of spread of CLA, with dipping being the means of a mechanical transfer of the causative organism. Delaying the time of dipping to several weeks post shearing and separating non-infected sheep from infected sheep and probable C. pseudotuberculosis contaminated environments during and for six weeks after shearing and dipping helped to reduce the prevalence of CLA, however, none of these practices appeared to be sufficiently effective for long term control of CLA. \n \nA stable, pathogenic streptomycin-resistant strain of C. pseudotuberculosis was produced for use in immunological studies. Resistance to reinfection by C. pseudotuberculosis appeared to be high in CLA infected sheep. Vaccination with a toxoid formed from the crude C. pseudotuberculosis toxin was effective for the protection of sheep against C. pseudotuberculosis when experimentally challenged.
A neural system prototype for data processing using modified conjugate directional filtering (MCDF)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Modified conjugate directional filtering (MCDF) is a method proposed by us recently for digital data and image processing. By using MCDF, directional-filtered results in conjugate directions can be not only merged into one image that shows the maximum linear features in the two conjugate directions, but also further manipulated by a number of predefined generic MCDF operations for different purposes. In this paper, we report the progressive result of our MCDF study, which shows that a neural system can be used to implement the MCDF operations. We provide the trial work on applying this MCDF neural system to the processing of a digital terrain model (DTM) in central Australia. The trial work shows that the MCDF provides the power of integrating information in different forms, and thus presents more information in a single image than the conventional methods do.