jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Serum ghrelin is associated with risk of colorectal adenocarcinomas in the ATBC study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Colorectal cancers are the third most common cancers in women and men in the USA. While dietary and lifestyle factors such as Western diet, physical inactivity and obesity have been linked to an increased risk of this malignancy, the mechanisms for these associations are unclear. GI hormones, including ghrelin, are involved in energy balance by mediating appetite and metabolism; however, the association between ghrelin and colorectal cancer has not been studied. Methods We conducted a case–control study nested within the all-male Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study of Finnish smokers (aged 50–69 years) to examine serum ghrelin concentration and colorectal cancer risk. Data from 284 colon and 239 rectal cancers and 523 controls (matched on age, date of blood draw and serum availability) were analysed. ORs and 95% CIs were calculated using multivariable (conditional) logistic regression. Results Overall, low-serum ghrelin was significantly associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer (Q1 vs Q4: OR:1.57, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.34). For individuals developing tumours within 10 years of blood draw, those in the lowest quartile of serum ghrelin concentrations were statistically significantly more likely to develop colorectal cancers than those with higher serum ghrelin concentrations (OR: 10.86, 95% CI 5.01 to 23.55). However, for individuals with tumours developing more than 20 years after blood draw, low-serum ghrelin concentrations were associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer relative to those with the highest serum ghrelin concentrations (OR: 0.26, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.64). Conclusion Low-serum ghrelin was associated with an increased colorectal cancer risk within 10 years of blood draw with a decreased risk for developing colorectal cancer more than 20 years after blood draw. These results suggest that ghrelin concentrations may vary across the carcinogenic process.
Experience with spectrum tendering in New Zealand

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In New Zealand, radio waves can be sold in lots like property or any other tradable commodity. The government of New Zealand has passed an act of parliament that allows for the selling of radio spectrum to the highest bidder. Given that trading in spectrum is possible, the authors wonder how the spectrum can be valued and what the merits and problems associated with this approach are. They discuss their experience in tendering for spectrum and some of the issues involved in managing the allocation of spectrum under the new regime.< >
The role of parents on the home ownership experience of their children: Evidence from the health and retirement study

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract We construct matched panel data sets of adult children with their parents to study the role of lagged parental attributes on subsequent home ownership decisions between 2000 and 2012. Earlier research has demonstrated intergenerational wealth transfers from parents to children are an important source of upfront equity used to purchase a first home, although parental attributes are often omitted as determinants of tenure due to data limitations. A significant role is found for lagged parental wealth on the ability of adult children to become and remain home owners over this period. Endowed differences in parental wealth are estimated to account for the largest explainable share of the white/non‐white gap in becoming a homeowner, and maintaining home ownership once attained.
ECONOMIC-FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF PROJECTS IN HISTORIC SITES: CASE OF ENGENHO MONJOPE

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

evolution of public equipment to the modern needs of society. This objective article presents the economic-financial feasibility study of the historical and cultural heritage of Engenho Monjope, which was built in the mid-1600s, being listed in 1986 by the Government of Pernambuco, as a State Historic Heritage, recognized by the community as an asset. heritage to be preserved. The methodological processes were separated into two stages, the surveys being: costs (investment, operation and maintenance), revenues and result of the 1st year and the critical evaluation (Cost-benefit and Distributive Impact). The pathogenic results that the project is viable in the social, patrimonial and distributive impact (Cid) aspects, as well as in the economic and financial aspects. As a great contribution to success, the research shows that economic and financial feasibility studies are crucial to guarantee its undertakings, avoiding unforeseen events in the operation, preventing situations, suggesting postures and recommendations that foster success.
Review of Anti-Counterfeit Solutions in Blockchain

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Blockchain technology offers a data format that has built-in security. It is built on cryptography, decentralization, and consensus concepts to ensure transaction confidence. Decentralization is enabled by blockchain technology, which allows members to participate in a dispersed network. No single user can alter the transaction, as all transactions are transparent and visible to all other users on the network. However, there are some significant security differences between blockchain and other systems. Nowadays, there are so many potential attacks found on the blockchain. The contribution of this chapter would be to match the effective defence taken by blockchain technology or a patch for related vulnerabilities offered by researchers to reduce the impact of these attacks. To keep the network secure and resilient, an overview of these security solutions for various vulnerabilities and attacks helps to reduce the attack surface in the blockchain
Law Applicable to the European Cooperative Society: special reference to the european cooperative established in Spain

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article deals with the problems related to the contents of Article 8 of Council Regulation (EC) No. 1435/2003 of July 22 when regulating the law applicable to a European Cooperative Society. The special role which this Article gives to national legislations not only contradicts the idea of having a European enterprise with a proper regulation independent of national laws but also creates coordination problems between European and national laws which acquire a special meaning when the European Cooperative Society is established in Spain.
RETention of urine After INguinal hernia Elective Repair (RETAINER study I and II)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Purpose: Post-operative urinary retention (POUR) is a well-recognised complication of inguinal hernia repair (IHR). The magnitude of the problem is unclear, and contradictory evidence surrounds postulated risk factors. POUR risks patient distress, catheter-complications and a financial and logistical burden to services. Separately, in the field of IHR, there has been a lack of research into patients’ perceptions of surgical ‘success’. Our aim is to perform a two-phase, multi-centre prospective study to: Methods: RETAINER I: We propose a 24-week prospective study with voluntary international participation in 4 week blocks. All patients undergoing elective IH repair (minimally-invasive/open) will be eligible. Standardised data collection will include patient and perioperative factors. Primary outcome will be development of POUR, defined as the need for insertion of a urinary catheter as determined by the treating clinician. Secondary outcomes will be identification of factors predisposing to POUR and the impact of POUR. RETAINER II: A patient reported outcome measure will be developed using representative patient focus groups for item generation, from which an initial questionnaire will be developed and piloted. Validity, reliability, sensitivity and reproducibility will be assessed using the QQ-10 and standard psychometric methodology. Conclusions: Using an international multicentre collaborative approach will produce the necessary volume of patients, whilst capturing inter-centre variability, to accurately reflect POUR rates and allow analysis of risk factors. This patient pool will provide an excellent opportunity to develop a PROM using appropriate qualitative methodology. Highlights: RETAINER I & II Protocols
Inequalities in preterm birth by deprivation and ethnicity: A national cohort study in England

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Preterm birth has decreased in the UK; however, the extent of inequalities remains unclear. This study aimed to quantify socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities in preterm birth rates using routinely collected maternity data in England. Methods Retrospective analysis of cohort data from the NHS England Hospital Episode Statistics (HES). All women aged 13-55 with a singleton livebirth (April 2018 to March 2021) at 24-42 weeks were included. Multivariate Poisson regression was used to estimate the rate of preterm birth (livebirth between 24 + 0 and 36 + 6 weeks’) for each ethnic and deprivation postcode group, these were compared to white women from the least deprived 20% of areas. We iteratively developed the model, adjusting for covariates associated with preterm birth. A post-hoc calculation identified the rate of preterm birth for each ethnic group at each level of deprivation. Results We identified 1,111,045 livebirths between April 2018 and March 2021. The rate of preterm birth increased with socioeconomic deprivation and was highest at 7.1% per 100 livebirths (95%CI:7.00-7.20) in women living in the 20% most deprived areas, compared to 5.6% (95%CI:5.50-5.74) in women in the 20% least deprived areas. White women had the lowest preterm birth rate at 6.5% (95%CI:6.47-6.58) and South Asian women had the highest rate at 6.9% (95%CI:6.76-7.04) (Table 2). The rate of preterm birth increased according to increased area-level deprivation across all ethnic groups. In areas of high deprivation, the preterm birth rate was similar across ethnic groups. Whereas in less deprived areas, there were marked inequalities between ethnic groups. Conclusions Inequalities in preterm birth remain, despite overall decreases in preterm birth. We found area deprivation and individual ethnicity interact to increase the risk of preterm birth in marginalized communities. Interventions need to holistically consider the structural and socioenvironmental determinants of preterm birth. Key messages • Area deprivation and ethnicity remain key drivers of inequalities in preterm birth, despite overall decreases in preterm birth. • To reduce inequalities tailored prevention strategies are needed to address socioenvironmental and structural determinants of preterm birth in high deprivation areas and minoritized ethnicity groups.
Possible Glyphosate Tolerance Mechanism in Pitted Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Natural tolerance of Ipomoea lacunosa to glyphosate has made it problematic in the southeastern U.S. since the adoption of glyphosate-resistant crops. Experiments were conducted to determine (i) the variability in tolerance to glyphosate among accessions, (ii) if there is any correlation between metabolism of glyphosate to aminomethylphosponic acid (AMPA) or sarcosine and the level of tolerance, and (iii) the involvement of differential translocation in tolerance to glyphosate. Fourteen I. lacunosa accessions had GR50 values ranging from 58 to 151 grams of acid equivalent per hectare (ae/ha) glyphosate, a 2.6-fold variability in tolerance to glyphosate. There was no evidence of the most tolerant (MT) accession metabolizing glyphosate to AMPA more rapidly than the least tolerant (LT) accession. Metabolism to sarcosine was not found. (14)C-glyphosate absorption was similar in the two accessions. LT accession translocated more (14)C-glyphosate than MT accession at 24 and 48 h after treatment. Differential translocation partly explains glyphosate tolerance in MT accession.
New Broadband Metasurface Acoustic Liner Design Method Based on a Schroeder Diffuser Sequence

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Aeroengine noise, which is the main noise source of modern aircraft, has an inevitable negative effect on the health and life of people. There is a growing need to reduce aeroengine noise. Acoustic liners are crucial components of nacelles to damp aeroengine noise. However, the wide range of engine operating frequencies and narrow installation space of the aeroengine make the design of the traditional acoustic liner with large size and narrow absorption not meet demands. Therefore, the design of a broadband acoustic liner with a compact size is a hot issue to date. In this work, a new broadband metasurface acoustic liner design method is proposed based on the quadratic residual sequence (QRS) that is a typical sequence of Schroeder diffuser sequences. Single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) liners are permutated by QRS to prove the feasibility of it for broadband sound absorption. In addition, the technique of metasurface is introduced to minimize the thickness of the acoustic liner. Numerical results show that the 50% absorption bandwidth of the QRS liner can be over 10 times than those with linear sequences (LS) in the range of 200 to 1,200 Hz. The thickness of acoustic liner reduces by 87.2% with the application of metasurface. The ratio of the new broadband metasurface acoustic liner thickness to the wavelength at the lowest absorption peak is less than 1.75%, confirming its operation in the deep subwavelength regime. The Fourier transform of the QRS sequence value has the property of constant amplitude, so it can be used to broaden the sound absorption of coupled liners. This work provides a new broadband acoustic liner and, more importantly, may motivate the application of digital sequences to solve broadband sound absorption problems.
Cessation of smoking and drinking and the risk of laryngeal cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A case-control study was conducted in Italy and Switzerland between 1992 and 2000 on 527 cases of laryngeal cancer and 1297 hospital controls. The risk of laryngeal cancer steadily decreased from 3 years after stopping smoking. Some decline in risk was observed only 20 years or more after stopping drinking. (C) 2002 Cancer Research UK.
CONTROL OF BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION OF DENTAL UNIT WATER USING SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Objective: To evaluate bacterial load of water using and not using sodium hypochlorite aiming at bacterial control of dental unit water. Method: Dental unit reservoirs from a dental clinic from School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto -USP were filled with public-supply water with and without sodium hypochlorite solution at 0.0003%, and water samples were collected and evaluated by Petrifilm™ AC (Aerobic Count) system from 2014 to 2017. Results: No bacterial contamination was observed in the water samples using sodium hypochlorite solution. However, bacterial contamination was detected in water from reservoirs, air-water syringes and high-speed outputs (without handpieces) without the disinfectant. Conclusion: The use of sodium hypochlorite solution controlled bacterial load of all the dental unit water samples as established by Brazilian legislation (<500CFU/mL).
Enhanced Rishirilide Biosynthesis by a Rare In-Cluster Phosphopantetheinyl Transferase in Streptomyces xanthophaeus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Genome mining has been a vital means for natural product drug discovery in the postgenomic era. The rishirilide-type polyketides have attracted attention due to their potent bioactivity, but the poor robustness of production hosts has limited further research and development.
Using a Pre- and Post-Test to Assess 1-Day Learning of Agricultural Producers Participating in an Educational Program

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Documenting programmatic results is essential for success of Extension professionals. A 2-year program conducted by University of Missouri Extension evaluated the short-term increase in knowledge of agricultural producers of grain crops. The program consisted of 1-day classroom events at 16 locations and focused on teaching integrated pest management (IPM) technology relevant to grain production. Pre- and post-test scores indicated that this group significantly heightened their short-term knowledge of the program's instructional content. Using this type of evaluation technique is valuable to those in Extension because it documents change, is simple to implement, and is relatively easy to interpret results.
Evaporation of Hydrocarbon Fuel Droplet under Elevated Temperatures

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Extended model is a theoretical and analytical model for evaporation ofhydrocarbon fuel droplet. This model assumes that there is a moving hydrocarbon fuel droplet in quasisteady environmental air. Four types of fuel (n-heptane, nhexane, n-decan, and light Diesel) are used for analysis at atmospheric pressure and temperatures from about (300 – 1500) K. The initial droplet size used is 100 μm for a Reynolds number ranging from (0.1 – 1800). Computer programs have been developed in (Matlab-7) language to find out the mass evaporation rate, variationof size, droplet life time, and flame stand off ratio. The percentage value for maximum mass evaporation rate from the extended model is (0.13%) greater than that obtained from the mass evaporation rate from classical model due to the increasing of the heat gain to the movement drop. the results are compared with the existing theoretical and experimental work in literature and acceptable agreements are obtained
ANTINOCICEPTIVE ACTIVITY OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL FROM Campomanesia adamantium FRUIT IN RATS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Introduction: Campomanesia adamantium (Myrtaceae) is popularly known as guavira and has been used in folk medicine as antirheumatic, antidiarrheal, hypocholesterolemic and anti-inflammatory agent (1). At harvest, fruits are consumed in natura or processed in various preparations like jellies, liqueurs, among others (2). Objective: The present study has evaluated the antinociceptive activity of essential oils from peel (EOP) and seed (EOS) of C. adamantium fruits in formalin model. Material and Methods: Essential oils were obtained from 200 g of dried peel (EOP) and seeds (EOS) from C. adamantium by hidrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus for 3 hours. Samples obtained by hydrodistillation were analyzed by gas chromatography. Nociception was evaluated after injection of formalin (3). Sixty minutes before, male Wistar rats (n=5) were divided in groups: dexamethasone (1mg/kg, s.c.), EOP (100 and 300 mg/kg), EOS (100 and 300mg/kg) and vehicle saline solution (0.9%), treated by oral route. One hour after treatments, the animals received an injection of 20 µl of saline containing 2.5% of formalin in the right hind paw. Pain reaction time (paw licking) in seconds was evaluated from 0 to 5 min (phase 1 – neurogenic pain) and from 15 to 30 min (phase 2 - inflammatory response) after injection of formalin in the paw which represents a tonic response to pain, accompanied by an inflammatory response. Results: EOP and EOS produced significant antinociceptive effects in the first phase when compared to control group. EOP and EOS, respectively at the doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg significantly reduced licking time in the second phase of formalin test in rats. Dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) produced significant antinociceptive activity in both phases of the formalin method. It was also found that orally administration of EOP and EOS inhibited formalin induced paw edema. Discussion and Conclusion: The anti-inflammatory action of C. adamantium on formalin-induced is in accordance with the results of the antinociceptive test. Analyzes using chromatography (GC-MS) indicated the presence of limonene, Thujopsene and ?-pinene that can be characterized as being a contributor to the anti-inflammatory effects, suggesting their use as nutraceutical or pharmacological agent.
Exploring the Family factors associated with Suicide Attempts among Adolescents and Young Adults: A Qualitative Study

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background: Suicides are among the leading cause of death among adolescents and young adults worldwide, including India. Suicide attempts are about 20 times more common than completed suicides. Teenagers and youth who attempt suicide belong to a heterogeneous group. Various biological and psychosocial factors, including family factors, contribute to such behavior. Quality of family functioning and relationships may act as an important contextual factor in deciding suicidal behavior. Hence, this study was done to explore the family factors contributing to suicide attempts. Methods: Qualitative exploratory study design and purposive sampling were used. Data were collected from 22 adolescents and young adults using an in-depth interview method. All audio recordings were transcribed in Malayalam, and then translated to English. Codes were developed using the qualitative data analysis software. Thematic analysis was done. Themes and relationships were identified and synthesized to a framework that represents the summary of the data. Results: Most of the participants perceived the home environment as hostile. Problems within the family included parental conflicts and separation, conflict with a sibling or other members of the family, and marital disharmony. Most of them perceived low family support. Socioeconomic factors such as financial issues, superstitious beliefs, disturbing neighborhoods, interpersonal issues, and the stigma of having a mental illness, in a family member, were also noted. Conclusion: Hostile family environment, faulty interactions between family members, and lack of perceived family support may contribute to suicidal behavior among adolescents and young adults. Hence, it is imperative to consider these factors while treating them or planning any suicide prevention program for them.
Multivariate declustering techniques

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Declustering techniques are techniques that identify independent events in a data record and filter out extreme values from them. Declustering techniques for univariate series of observations are well established. However, there has been little work concerned with declustering techniques for multivariate data. In this paper we propose a new multivariate declustering technique and show how it applies to a wide range of data structures. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Technodiversity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

What happens when technology, culture, and education intersect? How does culture of place impact technology communication? How does this affect baccalaureate education? While examining cultural awareness and diversity in two separate projects, the researchers discovered key elements to understanding technodiversity and its impact on the exchange of ideas. Morehead State University in eastern Kentucky and Western New Mexico University, near the Mexican border, participated in joint project about privilege. Using a technological platform, issues impacting technodiversity were discovered. Understanding and harnessing the principles of technodiversity will impact distance education, online communities, and the use of technology as a conduit for communication. The diversity exchanges formed future ideas about curriculum providing baccalaureate candidates not only with a remarkable background in developing goals and assessments of achievement but also with technology and diversity tools to enable teaching in diverse circumstances.