jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of dietary vitamin A on CaBP-mRNA expressions in tissues of broilers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

One hundred and ninty-two AA broilers of 8 day old were randomly divided into 4 groups of 8 animals with 6 repeats. The experimental broilers were fed different experimental diets for 5 weeks, which were mainly made of corn and soybean meals, respectively. Diet was formulated to contain four graded levels of supplemental VA (1 500, 3 000, 1 5000, 45 000 U/kg). In order to study effects of different dietary VA levels on expressions of CaBP gene in the tibia and duodenum of broilers using SYBR Green I Real-time RT-PCR. The results showed that expression of CaBP gene in duodenum decreased with increasing dietary VA levels, expression of CaBP gene tended to decrease as adding VA 15 000 U/kg and 45 000 U/kg to basal diet (P0.05), and the expression was the lowest when adding 45 000 U/kg. The results also showed that VA levels had no significant effects on the expression of CaBP gene in tibia, but tended to decrease as adding VA 45 000 U/kg to basal diet. It was concluded that the excessive VA supplementation could decrease the expression of CaBP gene, which affected metabolisms of Ca and P in bones.
A Two-Phase Model of Early Atherosclerotic Plaque Development with LDL Toxicity Effects

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory cardiovascular disease in which fatty plaque is built inside an artery wall. Early atherosclerotic plaque development is typically characterized by inflammatory tissues primarily consisting of foam cells and macrophages. We present a biphasic model that explores early plaque growth to emphasize the role of cytokines (particularly, Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) in monocyte recruitment and foam cell production, respectively. The plaque boundary is assumed to move at the same speed as the inflammatory tissues close to the periphery. This study discusses the oxLDL cholesterols recruitment inside intima and their internalization by the inflammatory cells. Excessive intracellular cholesterol accumulation becomes toxic to macrophage foam cells, leading to cell death beyond a threshold. Our findings reveal that initially, the plaque evolves rapidly, and the growth rate eventually reduces because of the cholesterol-induced toxicity. The present study manifests that higher oxLDL cholesterol flux reduces plaque growth rate, while elevated cytokines flux promotes the corresponding plaque growth behaviour. Between oxLDL cholesterol and intracellular cholesterol, the second one is much more effective towards the growth of inflammatory tissue. The cholesterol-based toxicity-induced cell death parameters are crucial in flattening the plaque growth profile. A detailed analysis of the model presented in this article provides critical insights into the various biochemical and cellular mechanisms behind early plaque development.
Granulometry of archaeological sites in northern Hungary and southern Slovakia

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The way in which modern humans first entered Europe has been a recent focus of Upper Paleolithic research. A leading theory posits that the Danube served as a conduit for migration from Southeastern into Central and Western Europe. However, a challenge to this has been the scarcity of Early Upper Paleolithic sites along the Middle Danube (Carpathian) Basin. Though several sites with Early Upper Paleolithic features (Szeletian, Aurignacian) are known from surface prospections, few have been archeologically investigated in detail.Here, our aim is to elucidate this long-standing deficiency by evaluating two unknown and three known sites from the northern Carpathian Basin in Hungary and Slovakia through a series of “keyhole” excavations. The objectives were to see if in situ stratified material still existed and to characterize the sites' archeological assemblages and sedimentological contexts. To do this, field observations supplemented by granulometry were employed to determine if the surrounding sedimentary matrix was eolian loess and/or if it had been mixed with underlying older deposits.The results indicate that the lithics represent Early Upper Paleolithic assemblages that experienced post-depositional mixing. However, two sites (Seňa I, Nagyréde 1) showed more nuanced site formation processes and may contain in situ artifacts warranting further exploration. These studies highlight the importance of including sedimentological research into archeological investigations, because the paucity of sites may not simply mean a lack of human occupation, but can indicate a dynamic geomorphological evolution of the Pleistocene landscape that may have erased past traces of human settlements through insufficient sedimentation. The results provide new insights into the Early Upper Paleolithic settlement and the sedimentary dynamics of the Carpathian Basin ultimately leading to a greater understanding of the early modern human settlement patterns in Europe.
Data center ethernet : data traffic congestion control

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With advancements in cloud technology, more and more applications are turning towards the cloud to host their data. These applications are diverse and have different requirements including low latency for short flows to needing high throughput and utilization for long flows. The transport control protocol (TCP) might serve to be good enough for general usage, but specialized infrastructure such as data centers require more specialized protocols. The Data Center Transport Control Protocol (DCTCP) is a modification of TCP. It makes use of a previously proposed Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) system, which is also an improvement from TCP. In TCP, hosts determine the ideal congestion window size by increasing it until there is a packet loss. Incorporating the ECN system however, allows the hosts to reduce their congestion window before a packet loss occurs. This is possible because the ECN system reacts to the extent of congestion and takes measures to control it before a packet loss occurs. In this way, packet losses are reduced and higher throughput can be achieved. DCTCP was designed to suit data centers which have three basic requirements. Firstly, it must have low latency for short flows. Secondly, a high burst tolerance. And lastly, high utilization or throughput for long flows. The DCTCP algorithm claims to achieve these three requirements. In this report, we put these claims to test to see if the DCTCP algorithm does actually meet these requirements, and if they do not, we seek to provide answers to why our results differ from the ideal and how to best improve on it.
Falsely Shouting Fire in a Crowded Theater, a Revolutionary Spark, and Burning the House to Roast the Pig: Fire Metaphors and the First Amendment

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

(2009). Falsely Shouting Fire in a Crowded Theater, a Revolutionary Spark, and Burning the House to Roast the Pig: Fire Metaphors and the First Amendment. Free Speech Yearbook: Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 15-26.
Detection of comprehensive oncogenic driver alteration of non-small cell lung cancer from cytology specimens by multi-gene PCR panel.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

8579 Background: The analysis of the next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel test requires a sufficient amount of tissue specimens (TS), but the collection of tissue specimens can be sometimes challenging in clinical practice. Despite being easier and safer to collect than TS, cytology specimens (CS) are considered unsuitable for NGS due to the small number of tumor cells. The AmoyDx Pan Lung Cancer PCR Panel (AmoyDx), a multi-gene PCR panel that amplified mutation or fusion variants of 11 genes (EGFR, ALK, ROS1, RET, MET HER2, BRAF, KRAS, and NTRK1-3) by real-time PCR, can be performed with smaller amounts of nucleic acid than NGS, and CS may be suitable for multi-gene analysis using this panel. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of multi-gene analysis using CS, and the concordance rate of gene alteration between CS and TS in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: We enrolled consecutive NSCLC patients obtaining CS through bronchoscopy, including transbronchial brushing (TBB) and transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) from September 2020 to March 2023. These CS were preserved as frozen pellets. The difference in the amount of nucleic acid, the success rate and the concordance rate of gene alteration with AmoyDx were evaluated between CS and pared TS collected simultaneously with CS. Results: A total of 131 (Ad/Sq/NSCLC-NOS: 113/2/16) cases were enrolled in this study. Fifty-nine specimens were obtained through TBB and another 72 were obtained through TBNB. The median nucleic acid concentration (NanoDrop [ng/μL]) isolated from CS was comparable to that isolated from TS (DNA 114/99, p=0.96; RNA 36/27, p=0.63). However, the median DNA concentration in CS was significantly lower (80/102, p=0.01) in TBB samples, while in TBNA samples, it was higher (134/90, p=0.03). Almost all CS (99.2%,130/131) and TS (99.2%,130/131) were analyzed successfully with AmoyDx, with only one RNA analysis failure in each group. Among CS, 78 (60%) samples exhibit gene alteration, including EGFR/KRAS/BRAF/HER2/ALK/ROS1/MET/RET: 44/9/2/5/8/1/8/1, while 77 (59%); 44/9/2/6/6/1/8/1 in TS. The positive percent agreement, negative percent agreement, and overall percent agreement of CS using analysis compared with the results of TS using analysis were 99% (76/77), 96% (52/54), and 98% (128/131), respectively. Conclusions: CS exhibit an extremely high success rate for multi-gene analysis, with nucleic acid yield comparable to TS. Moreover, the concordance rate of gene alteration between CS and TS is also remarkably high. CS emerge as a viable alternative to TS for analyzing driver gene alteration in multi-gene PCR analysis.
Exhaled nitric oxide: an emerging marker of inflammation in respiratory diseases.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is a recently introduced non invasive marker to measure inflammation and oxidative stress in the lung. The numerous roles of NO in respiratory pathophysiology have been extensively reviewed. There is contradictory evidence regarding the exact function of NO in lung diseases. In pathological states, the enzyme inducible NO synthase generates extraordinarily high concentrations of NO when the body faces an inflammatory response by attracting macrophages that generate NO and hence NO participate in host defense against specific organisms. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide measurements have been useful in asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and bronchiectasis. The technique used to measure FENO is well standardized, requires the same amount of time that spirometry takes, and is feasible to be performed in young children. Measuring FENO has added another dimension to the determination of adverse respiratory effects because it allows detection of inflammatory responses in the absence of functional impairments. This review provides an insight into measurement methods, physiological factors affecting FENO, interpretation of results and diseases related to changes in FENO levels. This will help physicians in diagnosing and monitoring their treatments for different respiratory diseases.
Micro-CHP Project: from biogas to pure methane

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

There are many different sorts of energy production like solar energy and wind that feed the electricity network, but these sources of energy are not constant. Therefore there is a need for an environmentally friendly and sustainable source of energy, which can be found in the form of synthetic natural gases produced by fermenting natural compounds or making the gases in a chemical process. This gas performance is tested with a microCHP unit. The research investigated the most efficient way of using synthetic natural gas by varying the quality of the CH4/CO2 ratio and measuring how much Combined Heat and Power (CHP) is generated by different gas compositions. For this research a Whispergen personal power station (model: PPS24-ACLG-5) was used. The Whispergen unit has four pistons that are driven by the expansion and compression of nitrogen gas, which is sealed in the engine’s cylinders under pressure. The working gas expands when it is heated by fuel burned in a combustion chamber located outside the cylinders. The measurements shows that the more carbon dioxide is added to the microCHP the more the results deviate from the expected line. It shows that the total efficiency hardly changes and the electrical-, fuel efficiency are decreasing. Only the heat efficiency goes up when carbon dioxide is added to the feed of microCHP. This leads to the following conclusion adding carbon dioxide to the feed of a microCHP is only preferable when the primary task is producing heat energy.
Stable and Fair Quantized Notification for 5G Mobile Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the coming fifth generation (5G) network, effective congestion control mechanism is needed for increasing requirements of high quality of service (QoS). Quantized Congestion Notification (QCN) is a standard layer 2 congestion control mechanism providing low latency and preventing packet loss. However, it cannot provide fairness when several flows share one bottle link. Meanwhile, QCN performs poorly in rate convergence and queue occupancy stability under bursty traffic which is normal in 5G scenario. In this paper, we address these issues and propose an enhanced QCN congestion notification algorithm called stable and fair QCN (SFQCN). SFQCN senses congestion through joint queue occupancy and incoming traffic estimation, then feedbacks individual congestion notification message with information of expected share rate to each flow. We evaluate the performance of SFQCN in terms of rate convergence and queue occupancy under typical 5G traffic using NS3 simulator. The results of simulation validate that SFQCN achieves fast and fair rate allocation while ensuring a low and stable queue occupancy at congestion point.
The role of organizational culture in motivating innovative behaviour in construction firms

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Motivation is the main force through which individuals allocate effort to generate and implement innovative ideas. However, employees are only motivated to go beyond their designated role and get involved in spontaneous and innovative activities if they have a strong identification with the organization. Organizational culture plays a critical role in motivating innovative behaviour, as it can create commitment among members of an organization in terms of believing in innovation as an organizational value and accepting innovation‐related norms prevalent within the organization. The research this paper reports on addresses the motivational aspects of the relationship between culture and innovation in construction firms. Specifically, it focuses on those managerial actions through which the importance of innovation may be communicated and innovation‐related behaviour may be induced and reinforced. An in‐depth case study investigating the innovation activities of a Swiss contractor revealed that project constraints and regional separation may diminish the motivational effects of managerial actions in construction firms. It is concluded that a culture that motivates new solutions and innovative improvements in particular first of all prevents ideas from getting lost in daily business and within the organization. Giving immediate feedback, providing communication channels for implicit knowledge, allowing for autonomous work and task identity, initiating innovation projects and using a comprehensive reward and incentive system are appropriate managerial actions in this regard.
Role played by the cued speech in the identification of written words encountered for the first time by deaf children: a preliminary report

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Studies concerning word identification procedures and their role in reading acquisition in hearing children have demonstrated the importance of the alphabetic principle. The generative aspect of the alphabet provides a phonological recoding procedure which allows the identification of words encountered for the first time autonomous reading (Gleitman, 1985; Alegria, Leybaert & Lechat, 1987; Alegria, Lechat & Leybaert, 1988).
The Use of Picture Series to Improve Students Speaking Ability at Eight Grade of SMP Negeri Weet MBD

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this research was to know whether the use of picture series can improve students’ speaking ability in English learning. This classroom action research was done in SMP NEGERI WEET MBD. The result of this research showed that picture series had positive role in improving the speaking ability at the eight grade of the students . The average score from pre-test was 40,90 and in post-test 68.19 became 77. 28. It means that the use of picture series in speaking skill can improve the students’ speaking skill. The students were actively engaged in teaching learning process. It made the students easy to understand the material so it facilitated students’ speaking mastery. This could be seen from the result obtained after execution of action on cycle 1 in which 68.19 % of the students reached minimum criterion for success (KKM). Then performance on cycle 2 increased to 77. 28 % where this amount of students had reached KKM.
Medical marijuana wins in California and Arizona.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Both California and Arizona have passed State legislation allowing medical use of marijuana, however, the law may now be unenforceable because of Federal laws against marijuana use for any reason. It is believed that some middle ground between allowing limited use of marijuana and outright banning is necessary considering today's medical needs. Among the demographic breakdowns on support of Proposition 215, allowing medicinal use of marijuana, was the observation that parents with children under 18 showed almost as much support for its passage as other adults, indicating no fear of it becoming abused by youth. Despite polls repeatedly showing support for the right to use marijuana for medical purposes, 44.3 percent still voted against it. The reasons are not known, but it is suggested that if the objections could be found and responded to, the initiative may work well enough to be an effective national model.
A SOUTH AFRICAN PERSPECTIVE ON HOME GARDENS: PROMOTING SUSTAINABILITY AND RESILIENCE POST COVID-19

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Home gardens are recognised globally and can address the challenges of food insecurity and malnutrition. However, climate change, infertile soil, reduction in freshwater supply and increasing demand for food, coupled with crisis pandemics, put further strain on food systems and society. The authors focused on a desktop review to understand the principles of home gardens and consolidate the suggestions provided in the literature to determine possible strategies for resilience and continuation of home gardens post-COVID-19 to ensure sustainability within rural households and communities within South Africa. Besides enhancing the food supply within each household, home gardens can improve family health, women empowerment, and possible individual economic benefits by selling excess food, which, in the bigger scope, contributes to the self-efficiency and sustainability of households and communities. The global pandemic has reinforced the strain on the societal issues within South Africa, namely unemployment, food supply and hunger. Recommendations from the literature reveal practical approaches towards educational material to better transfer skills amongst generations, provide better-quality seeds and promote the growth of nutrient-dense foods, such as indigenous foods.
Subcellular localization of a cytochrome P-450-dependent monogenase in vesicles of the higher plant Catharanthus roseus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The intracellular location of a cytochrome P-450-dependent monoterpene hydroxylase from the higher plant, Catharanthus roseus, has been investigated. By differential and sucrose density gradient centrifugation, utilizing marker enzymes and electron microscopy, the monooxygenase was demonstrated to be associated with vesicles having a membrane thickness of 40-60 nm. The vesicles could be distinguished from endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and plasma membrane and were found in light membrane fractions containing provacuoles. Most definitive results were obtained when seedlings were ground in the presence of sand and in a medium containing sorbitol. Upon subjection of the 20,000-g pellet preparation to linear sucrose density gradient centrifugation, a threefold enrichment in hydroxylase activity was afforded in a yellow band having vesicles varying in size from 0.1 to 0.8 mum in diam and having a density of 1.09 to 1.10 g/cm3. Since the monooxygenase has been implicated in indole alkaloid biosynthesis in this plant, the data suggest the compartmentalization of at least a part of this pathway.
Habitat selection by songbirds in Manitoba's tall-grass prairie: a multi-scale analysis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Avian point counts were conducted in tall-grass prairie fragments and adjacent grassland and agricultural matrix habitat in southern Manitoba. Bird density/abundance was compared between habitat types, while variables within prairie at local, patch or landscape level were modeled to determin avian habitat selection. Prairies and matrix grassland habitat supported the same number of species in both years, and densities of all focal bird species were the same in non-native grasslands as compared with native tall-grass prairies. Overall species richness in tall-grass prairies was mainly driven by vegetation variables. Variable responses to habitat structure and composition between avian species indicate that managing grasslands to promote heterogeneity is important to sustain a diverse assemblage of avian species. As individual species were affected most strongly by vegetation structure and richness, it follows that management of prairie vegetation through techniques such as grazing and prescribed burning could optimize habitat usability for birds.
US Poets on War and Peace

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In April 1917, Woodrow Wilson’s call for a declaration of war – “The world must be made safe for democracy” – enshrined liberal-democratic nation-building as central to the US military mission, conceivably extended to every nation on earth (Tooze 9). Such sentiments might be credited with inspiring the most voluminous outpouring of prowar poetry in American literary history. Yet under the idealistic veneer Wilson’s aim was no less than US hegemony in a world capitalist system, in which “political liberty” would promote an open global marketplace that the United States could dominate (Dayton 15). This contradiction between Wilsonian ideal and reality catalyzed, in turn, a body of trenchant antiwar poetry. Broadly speaking, this minority report has become the pattern for most American poetry of war and peace written ever since, which has sought to debunk the recurring fantasy that, in American hands, war might become an instrument of peace and liberation. Yet this largely antiwar trajectory has remained largely at the cultural margins, only under exceptional circumstances speaking for the political mainstream.