jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A health decision support system for rural india

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In India and other developing nations, the bulk of the morbidity & mortality is due to commonly occurring communicable diseases & parasitic diseases coupled with malnutrition especially in rural areas. The effective decision making at the top level of any health services mostly depends on the availability of various resources such as human expertise, equipments, and medicine. People die from infectious and/or chronic diseases are the leading causes of death, especially in rural areas. By analyzing mortality, morbidity, and behavioral data, one can attempt to quantify health problems and the behavioral risk factors that contribute to them Hence in a country like India an effective multi disease surveillance system is essential for the General Health Care System to detect an outbreak, monitor the trend, prevent an epidemic & decrease the morbidity & mortality rate of India The proposed DSS is targeting to assist the top management of the State health service which will provide a practical, relatively inexpensive and replicable model of disease surveillance. The proposed system consists of application and management software that support clinical and operational data. The software is designed for multi-site use in individual medical facilities and health workers in remote villages. The disease surveillance data is collected and updated periodically by the health workers to the central database through SMS. This disease surveillance system through SMS will provide real time data and extract the statistical and customized information and even facilitate the prediction of the outbreak of epidemics and report emergencies. It also provides an automatic response messaging through SMS to people regarding basic preventive measures and cures. A smart phone application is built using J2ME which make data transmission error free and secured. The use of SMS as the mode of data transmission will help reduce bureaucratic delays and will automate the task of disease surveillance by providing an inexpensive replacement to the existing trend.
Lipase Acrylic Resin Catalyzed Interesterification of Sewage Sludge in Micro Packed Bed Reactor: Box-Behnken Design

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Ethyl acetate as acyl accepter have been used for sewage sludge biodiesel production in micro packed bed reactor. Lipase acrylic resin enzyme activity was investigated in the interesterification reaction of converting the sewage sludge into a biodiesel product. The main parameters affecting the process was adjusted via the design of Box-Behnken and approach of response surface then the optimum conditions were as follow (reaction time=15 h, ethyl acetate/oil ratio=24:1, temperature=40 °C and enzyme quantity=18 wt%) providing 95.78 % biodiesel yield. The lipase acrylic resin was examined under the optimum conditions for the reusability. the flow effect and the heating process of the micro packed bed reactor was investigated. The product biodiesel physicochemical properties were evaluated according to the ASTM D-6751-2 and found acceptable comparable to the mineral diesel properties.
Model-based hierarchical reinforcement learning and human action control

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Recent work has reawakened interest in goal-directed or ‘model-based’ choice, where decisions are based on prospective evaluation of potential action outcomes. Concurrently, there has been growing attention to the role of hierarchy in decision-making and action control. We focus here on the intersection between these two areas of interest, considering the topic of hierarchical model-based control. To characterize this form of action control, we draw on the computational framework of hierarchical reinforcement learning, using this to interpret recent empirical findings. The resulting picture reveals how hierarchical model-based mechanisms might play a special and pivotal role in human decision-making, dramatically extending the scope and complexity of human behaviour.
Additional file 1 of Differential regulation of progranulin derived granulin peptides

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Additional file 1: Figure S1. HEK293T lysates and media containing GFP or GFP tagged mouse granulins were probed with sheep anti-mouse PGRN antibodies from R&D systems to detect each individual granulin peptide. Figure S2. Quantification of the levels of individual granulins and the ratio between granulins and PGRN in the spleen, lung and kidney lysates from 4 to 5 months old WT and Grn−/− mice. The value was normalized to that of liver sample on the same blot (set as 1). Data presented as mean ± SEM. n = 3. *, p < 0.05, **, p < 0.01, ***, p < 0.001, ****, p < 0.0001, unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test. Figure S3. Analysis of PGRN and granulin levels in brain regions and spinal cord of female mice. (a) Western blot analysis of cortical and spinal cord lysates from 4 to 5 month old WT and Grn−/− mice with antibodies against full length of PGRN and individual granulin A and C as indicated. (b) Western blot analysis of tissue lysates from 4.5 to 5 months old female WT mice with antibodies against full length of PGRN and individual granulin A and C as indicated. CX = cortex, Hp = hippocampus, CC = corpus callosum, Tha = thalamus, Cb = cerebellum, BS = brain stem, SC = spinal cord. (c) Quantification of experiment in (a). The ratio between total granulins to full length PGRN was quantified and normalized to that of spinal cord. n = 3–4. Data presented as mean ± SEM. Table S1. Sequences of mouse granulin peptides used in our study. Table S2. Summary in changes in PGRN levels and GRN/PGRN ratios in mice deficient in cathepsin or PSAP. n.s.c: No significant changes.
A Compositional Global Implicit Approach for Modeling Coupled Multicomponent Reactive Transport

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Reactive transport modeling has become widely used to help improve understanding of hydrogeochemical processes from the pore scale to the watershed scale. In recent years, the scope of reactive transport applications has increased toward a higher level of complexity and process coupling. For example, the production and consumption of water as well as porosity evolution associated with the dissolution and precipitation of hydrated minerals can impact system evolution. Waste rock weathering, carbon sequestration, or the degradation of engineered barriers in radioactive waste repositories all constitute applications in which geochemistry and hydrodynamics can strongly influence each other. For these purposes, the traditional formulation of reactive transport simulators, which decouples groundwater flow and reactive transport processes, is limited. We present a global implicit compositional approach, which integrates the flow processes directly into the reactive transport and geochemical framework. This approach solves the flow field implicitly with the reactive transport equations, simultaneously accounting for water consumption and production due to geochemical reactions. Applications show that the model allows tackling complex reactive transport problems while accounting for intra‐aqueous reactions, redox reactions, and reactions involving mass transfer with the gas and solid phases. The presented simulations also demonstrate that the compositional and traditional approaches yield similar results for complex geochemical systems with relatively low reactivity.
The Relationship between Stress Level and Nutritional Status of Students at SMP Negeri 56 Surabaya

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Stress prevalence increases by 5% in 15-year-olds and over in Surabaya. Stress causing negative effects is called distress. It may affect teenagers’ nutritional status without considering their diet, leading to growth inhibition if it occurs continuously. It follows Riskesdas’s (2013) data stating that 13-15-year-olds have a nutritional status of 3.3% very thin, 7.8% thin, 8.3% overnutrition, and 2.5% obese. Therefore, this study aimed to discover the relationship between stress level and nutritional status at SMP Negeri 56 Surabaya due to its dense academic and non-academic activities. Based on JPNN.com, several students hurt themselves using a blade due to psychological problems. Methods: This study used an observational analytical study design through a cross-sectional approach. Data collection was performed using the DASS-21 questionnaire and weight and height measurements, then analyzed using the Pearson Correlation or Rank Spearman test. Conclusion: the stress level was not related to the nutritional status of eighth-grade students of SMP Negeri 56 Surabaya, observed from the current nutritional status (BB/U), past nutritional status (TB/U), and body proportion (IMT/U).
Persistence and basipetal translocation of nematicidal activity of UC 54229, a carbofuran analog, in pea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Basipetal translocation of UC 54229 residues was evaluated in pea following foHar application at the rate of 0.5 kg a.i./ha under field conditions. The compound moved quickly into the roots and its residues persisted up to 75 days. The residues on foliage degraded rapidly and became non-detectable in 90 days. The residues in green pods, from different pickings, were less than 0.06 μg/g.
A New Paradigm of Education As a Condition of «Subject»’s Development in Educational Activity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The problem of a new educational paradigm’s formation is discussed as an essential condition for a «subject»’s development in educational activity. The Federal Education Law emphasizes the aim of education in considering education as a unifi ed purposeful process of upbringing and teaching. In a traditional approach the educational concept is considered as a result of students’ knowledge according to examinations’ results. It is only one side of viewpoint. Formation to a new educational paradigm makes necessary reconsidering of functional relations between the «subjects» of educational activities. It is analyzed the approach of fi eld activity’s widening using four aspects in educational activities of «subjects». This approach gives eff ective results in «subject»’s integating, as a result of educational activity formation’s problem. The main function of a teacher, as an educational activity «subject», is a process of making conditions, educational cases for students’ development and achievement as an educational activity «subject».
Antidotal Efficacy of Activated Charcoal in Presence of Jam, Starch and Milk

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The effect of addition of jams, marmalades, starches and milk products on the adsorptive capacity of activated charcoal for acetylsalicyclic acid was determined in vitro. The addition of these products to an aqueous suspension of activated charcoal decreased the adsorption of acetylsalicylic acid from 98% to 95% or 90% (jams and marmalades) or to 80% (milk). Starches had no effect. It appears that the use of jams to make ingestion of activated charcoal easier is acceptable.
Unnamed Desires: A Sydney Lesbian History / Sex, Soldiers and the South Pacific, 1939–1945: Queer Identities in the Second World War

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"Unnamed Desires: A Sydney Lesbian History / Sex, Soldiers and the South Pacific, 1939–1945: Queer Identities in the Second World War." Australian Historical Studies, 48(1), pp. 132–133
Enhanced Milieu Teaching

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Milieu teaching (MT) and its variants are based on the principles of naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions and are designed to support development of children’s language and communication. A review of the literature was conducted to examine levels of empirical support for enhanced milieu teaching (EMT) and prelinguistic milieu teaching (PMT) for autistic children. Approximately 60 articles were identified, including systematic reviews and meta-analyses. EMT and PMT can enhance autistic children’s preverbal and verbal communication. However, effects may vary across children and contexts. MT strategies confer the advantage of being implemented in natural environments, with natural change agents, resulting in numerous daily learning opportunities. While there is preliminary evidence supporting MT, there is a need for further methodologically rigorous research that includes autistic children. Practitioner recommendations and directions for future research are offered.
Again: About the Nomenclature of Trichopodus pectoralis REGAN, 1910; Trichopus cantoris SAUVAGE, 1884 and Osphronemus saigonensis BORODIN, 1930 - a necessary correction (Teleostei: Perciformes: Osphronemidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Here with a correction of some results of my previous paper of 2009 (lit. cit.) is given. The reason is that I could use exclusively literature sources for my studies, because the very important holotype of Osphromenus (sic) trichopterus var. cantoris GÜNTHER, 1861 was missing in the BMNH when I asked for it at the beginning of my research. Later it was detected and only after the publication of my results I could realize that the type BMNH 1860.3.19.319 belongs to another species than I expected. From this it follows that: (1) The fi rst scientifi c description of the Snake-Skin Gourami is not Osphromenus trichopterus var. cantoris GÜNTHER, 1861 as assumed from 1897 up to the twenties of the last century by many authors and by me, but really is Trichopodus pectoralis REGAN, 1910. (2) The taxon Osphromenus trichopterus var. cantoris GÜNTHER, 1861 was based on a single varnished skin (dryfish) of about 93 mm SL only. As an unusual “variety” it belongs to the Threespot Gourami, Trichopodus trichopterus (PALLAS, 1770) but not as assumed to the Snake-Skin Gourami, Trichopodus pectoralis REGAN, 1910. To my knowledge this variety has never been found again anywhere. (3) Consequently the name Osphronemus (sic) saigonensis BORODIN, 1930 is not a junior synonym of Osphromenus trichopterus var. cantoris GÜNTHER, 1861, respectively Trichopodus cantoris (GÜNTHER, 1861), but of Trichopodus pectoralis REGAN, 1910. My statements about the taxon Trichopus cantoris SAUVAGE, 1884 remain unaffected.
From wood hygromechanical interactions to timber structure longevity

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Architects face nowadays the challenge of raising buildings edifices matching functionality of structural design,
sustainable raw materials, thrifty energy consumption and aesthetic integration within surrounding environment
influenced by human culture and civil engineering heritage considerations. They often specify wood for various
reasons: cost, ecological issues, design versatility, construction facilities, etc. To improve timber structures,
material engineers develop innovative wood products allowing to overcome dimensional and mechanical limits
imposed by trees with e.g. longer span capabilities, higher dimensional stability, or higher strength to weight
ratio.
In all these aspects, the question of life expectancy of wood based materials and timber structures is of major
importance for building safety and one of the major obstacle in people's mind for investment. Wood material
achievements have to be designed with an expected long term viability that englobes several topics such as
detailing construction considerations or even durability issues of termites and fungi resistance as well as
aesthetic issues on colour changes in wood due to weathering – but, as a first step, the longevity of wood
inherent mechanical performance.
The expanding roles of APETALA2/Ethylene Responsive Factors and their potential applications in crop improvement

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Understanding the molecular basis of the gene-regulatory networks underlying agronomic traits or plant responses to abiotic/biotic stresses is very important for crop improvement. In this context, transcription factors, which either singularly or in conjugation directly control the expression of many target genes, are suitable candidates for improving agronomic traits via genetic engineering. In this regard, members of one of the largest class of plant-specific APETALA2/Ethylene Response Factor (AP2/ERF) superfamily, which is implicated in various aspects of development and plant stress adaptation responses, are considered high-value targets for crop improvement. Besides their long-known regulatory roles in mediating plant responses to abiotic stresses such as drought and submergence, the novel roles of AP2/ERFs during fruit ripening or secondary metabolites production have also recently emerged. The astounding functional plasticity of AP2/ERF members is considered to be achieved by their interplay with other regulatory networks and signalling pathways. In this review, we have integrated the recently accumulated evidence from functional genomics studies and described their newly emerged functions in plants. The key structural features of AP2/ERF proteins and the modes of their action are briefly summarized. The importance of AP2/ERFs in plant development and stress responses and a summary of the event of their successful applications in crop improvement programs are also provided. Altogether, we envisage that the synthesized information presented in this review will be useful to design effective strategies for improving agronomic traits in crop plants.
[Epstein-Barr virus positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the elderly in nasopharynx: report of a case].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

患者男,74岁.近3个月无明显诱因出现咽部疼痛不适,近1个月加重,无发热,于2013年11月来新疆医科大学附属肿瘤医院就诊.外院喉镜示:鼻咽部肿物,取活检,外院病理诊断为NK/T细胞淋巴瘤.体检:双侧腋窝及腹股沟多发淋巴结肿大.血常规:淋巴细胞0.29,乳酸脱氢酶221.7 U/L既往5年前曾患前列腺癌并化疗一次。
in vitro evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the root of Rheum tanguticum

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Rheum tanguticum, belonging to the family Polygonaceae, is one of the most important Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) which have been used for centuries. The roots, stems, and rhizomes have been reported to contain active pharmacological components that are of biological importance. The rhizomes and roots of Rheum species have been one of the most important and abundant ingredients used in TCM and have been used in the prevention of many diseases since prehistory. It has been reported to possess various pharmacological activities such as anticancer, antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, purgative, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet aggregation, anticoagulant, etc. An In vitro antioxidant activity of the DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity of ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, and water extracts of the root of R. tanguticum was found to be concentration-dependent and had an IC50 of 17.327 µg/mL, 18.848 µg/mL 19.769 µg/mL, and 49.639 µg/mL respectively as compared to the standard, L-ascorbic acid of 7.4 µg/mL. The crude extract was highest in methanol (42.25%), followed by ethanol (30.59%), water (25.55%), and ethyl acetate (10.40%) extracts. The antimicrobial activity of the root of R. tanguticum of ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, and water extracts was determined using the paper disc and agar well diffusion methods and exhibited a range of activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas solanacarum, and Xanthomonas oryzae as compared to the positive control, neomycin. The high phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities exhibited by the root of R. tanguticum is an indication of the widely used of the plant as one of the main ingredients in TCM and could be used as a prototype in developing natural cost-effective antibiotics against a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms and oxidative-related diseases.
Clinicopathologic Features of Adult-onset Still's Disease Complicated by Severe Liver Injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a systemic inflammatory disorder. Severe liver injury has rarely been reported, although liver enzyme elevation is a common complication of AOSD. We herein report four cases of relapsed AOSD with severe liver disorder by tapering or terminating corticosteroids. Liver specimens revealed robust infiltration of inflammatory cells throughout the lobule, especially cluster of differentiation (CD) 8-positive cells. Relapsed AOSD was refractory to corticosteroid reintroduction and required immunosuppressants. Severe liver injury with AOSD is pathologically characterized by extensive lobular infiltration of CD8-positive cells, and we should consider additive immunosuppressive agents on corticosteroids for treatment.
Gastric acid secretion rate and buffer content of the stomach after a rice- and a wheat-based meal in normal subjects and patients with duodenal ulcer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The study describes gastric acid secretory response to a rice-based and a wheat-based meal over a prolonged period of five hours and buffer content of the stomach in five normal and seven duodenal ulcer subjects from the rice-eating eastern Indian population. The results suggest that (1) the meal-mediated gastric acid secretory response in duodenal ulcer subjects is much higher than in the controls, even though the histamine stimulated response is similar, (2) the type of meal, whether rice and fish based or wheat and meat based, does not influence the acid secretory response, and (3) the duodenal ulcer subjects in this area, two hours after a meal, have a buffer capacity similar to the controls.
Security Assessment Using Nessus Tool to Determine Security Gaps on the Repository Web Application in Educational Institutions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This research aims to determine security holes and risks that may arise in the educational institution's repository web application. The repository web application contains research data, journals, articles, and papers from lecturers and students at the institution. This web application does not yet have documentation about security holes and risks in it. It causes a sense of concern on the part of educational institutions. Therefore, it is necessary to have a security assessment to conduct a risk-oriented assessment that might occur if an attack is attempted. The Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing (VAPT) method was utilized to conduct a security assessment and test educational institutions' repository web application. Several vulnerabilities found with the Nessus tool could still be exploited and resulted in findings in legal access rights when the researchers performed a test simulation on the repository web application. This research was used as a report to the educational institution, particularly as a material for the evaluation process to increase its web application security. This research was carried out within the educational institution environment. Hence, it did not fully describe the possibility of actual attacks originating from outside the educational institution environment.