jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELLING (SEM) BASED ASSESSMENT OF STUDENTS' M-LEARNING BEHAVIOURAL ADOPTION USINGAN EXTENDED-SIMPLIFIED TAM

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In today's highly globalised world, m-learning provides learners with a novel avenue for acquiring knowledge, allowing them to access any information anywhere according to their time schedule. Despite its portability and speed, m-learning adoption is relatively in its infancy stage in developing nations across the globe. The Technology Adoption Model (TAM) for end-user technology adoption has been the subject of research over the last decades. Despite this, empirical literature related to TAM usage in the educational domain is very limited. Thus, this research endeavours to utilise an extended-simplified TAM framework using a quantitative and cross-sectional approach to analyse the m-learning behavioural intentions of graduate and undergraduate pupils attending private universities in the state of Punjab, India. The research study employed AMOS 21 to conduct SEM based analysis in order to validate the constructed hypotheses through data collected from 392 students. Findings ascertained that perceived usefulness favourably affects students' m-learning attitudes and behavioural intentions. Perceived ease of use and enjoyment positively affect students' attitudes for m-learning. Additionally, the study found that attitude towards use positively affects behavioural intentions, which in turn positively affects students' m-learning system utilisation.
The comparison of therapeutic effect on ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin injection for children typhoid fever in Sierra Leone

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To compare therapeutic effect on Ceftriaxone and Ciprofloxacin injection for children with typhoid fever.Methods Divide 216 cases to two groups,and give Ceftriaxone and Ciprofloxacin injection treatment respectively,record the therapeutic effect.Results There are no significant difference between the two groups in the marked effective rate,general effective rate and the time of temperature reduce(P0.05).Conclusion Ceftriaxone and Ciprofloxacin injection are sensitive to children typhoid fever,apart from ceftriaxone ciprofloxacin is another good medicine for children typhoid fever.
Freezing Tolerance in an Adult Insect

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The adult carabid beetle Pterostichus brevicornis tolerates freezing under natural conditions. Laboratory tests confirm that winter beetles tolerate temperatures below -35°C, whereas summer beetles die if frozen at -6.6°C. Winter beetles can be cooled to about -10°C before freezing, and they thaw near -3.5°C. Summer beetles thaw at -0.7°C. To avoid freezing damage even in winter beetles, cooling rates must be near 20°C per hour or less.
Towards high density biosensors for mobile diagnostics

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Research studies in medicine, genetics and process monitoring technology generally go together with advances in nano-engineering. Furthermore, advances in engineering, control and automation on the nano scale first enable so far impossible studies in molecular and cellular biology. This fruitful interaction leads to the design and development of new setups and methods, which push the boundaries for possible experiments in the area of handling and manipulation of biomaterials. In our paper the latest work on two areas of this research focus is shown. 1) Within the last years, the AFM was used for the handling and manipulation of biomaterials. However, the automation to use the AFM for industrial processes needs a robust and accurate automation. In this paper we also present the latest work on the automation of AFM based methods. 2) In the future, mobile diagnostics will become more and more important. To enable robust, fast and precise systems, new methods for the design and structuring of the necessary bio-components are needed. For this, a possible approach to structure bio-components from several nm up to a few μm is presented in this paper as well. 3) First simulations and principles for the design of a new signal acquisition unit are shown, to set up diagnostic systems without complex optical setups or fluorescence dyes.
Freedom and Contingency

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter attempts to clarify Leibniz’s theories of freedom and contingency by viewing them against the backdrop of his efforts to reengineer important philosophical concepts. In developing a concept of freedom, Leibniz is above all concerned to preserve divine and human responsibility (Section 1). His account of freedom requires him to reject necessitarianism, that is, the view that all things are absolutely necessary (Section 2). Leibniz therefore carves out two concepts of contingency. The first is centered on the thought that something may be contingent considered by itself – that is, per se – even if it is necessary in light of God’s goodness or will (Section 3). The second is centered on the thought that it may be possible to draw a distinction between contingent and necessary propositions in terms of logic alone (Section 4).
Quiet Revolution in the South: The Impact of the Voting Rights Act, 1965-1990.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This work is the first systematic attempt to measure the impact of the US Voting Rights Act of 1965, commonly regarded in the USA as the most effective civil rights legislation of the century. The contributors show how blacks and Mexican-Americans in the South, along with the Justice Department, have used the Act and the US Constitution to overcome the resistance of white officials to minority mobilization. The book tells the story of the black struggle for equal political participation in eight core southern states from the end of the Civil War to the 1980s, emphasizing the period since 1965. The contributors use a variety of quantitative methods to show how the Act dramatically increased black registration and black and Mexican-American office-holding. They also explain modern voting rights law as it pertains to minority citizens, discussing important legal cases and giving numerous examples of how the law is applied.
Rubella Synovitis in a One-Year-Old Patient

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

THE association of swollen painful joints with acute rubella infection has been noted repeatedly since it was first mentioned by Box1 in 1917 and described by Geiger2 in 1918. The present case is remarkable because it is the first case of rubella synovitis to be reported in an infant, it is the first report of isolation of rubella virus from synovial fluid, and it is the second report of isolation of any virus from joint fluid in a patient with acute synovitis.Case ReportA 14-month-old infant was admitted to St. Joseph Mercy Hospital because she refused to stand on . . .
Exploration of quality criteria for the detection of peak inspiratory flow under different resistance conditions

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: At present, robust quality criteria and methods for the assessment of Peak inspiratory flow meter performance are lacking. OBJECTIVE: A standard flow-volume simulator for quality control analyses of an inhalation assessment device was utilized with different simulated resistance levels in order to propose a quality testing method and associated standard for this device type. METHODS: A standard flow-volume simulator was utilized to assess the performance of an In-Check DIAL® (Device I) and an intelligent inhalation assessment device (Device P) at a fixed volume and flow rate. Indices used to evaluate these two instruments included repeatability, accuracy, linearity, and impedance. RESULTS: Both devices exhibited good repeatability (<± 3 L/min). The difference between test results and standard simulator values for Device P was less than ± 5 L/min at resistance level R1 but higher than ± 5 L/min at resistance levels R2–5, while Device I were greater than 5 L/min at all resistance levels. The relative error for Device P was <± 10% at resistance levels R1, R2, and R4, but > 10% at resistance levels R3 and R5. The relative error values for Device I at all five resistance levels were > 10%. Device P passed the linearity test at the R2 resistance level, while Device I partially passed the linearity test at all five resistance levels. CONCLUSION: Standard monitoring methods and standards provide a valuable approach to the more reliable clinical assessment and application of these instruments.
SEEK-TIME IMPROVEMENT IN A RANDOM-ACCESS FILE BY APPLICATION OF AN ADAPTIVE ELEMENT

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : An Adaline (adaptive linear neuron) can be trained to distinguish between sets of inputs. In general, the quantized output is used. This report investigates the usefulness of the analog output of Adaline for measuring the frequency of occurrence of a number of different events. Each event is more or less arbitrarily associated with a pattern and it is shown that the degree to which Adaline has been trained to recognize any one of these patterns can be used as a measure of the frequency of occurrence of the associated event. The application of this use of Adaline to a random-access file is simulated in order to show its use in reducing average access time.
Means of implementing the functions of the mechanism for realizing the interests of the rural population

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the article "The composition of the mechanism for realizing the interests of the rural population", this mechanism was considered as a set of structural, functional and supporting elements aimed at creating a favorable environment that ensures full satisfaction of the needs (realization of interests) of the rural population. It was concluded that each structural element (subject) has its own set of tools and methods for solving individual functional tasks, in accordance with the functions assigned to them, while the entire set of identified functions is implemented at the level of individuals and households reflecting the composition of the rural population. This article substantiates the tools for the implementation of these functions by such types of structural elements as the state, regions, municipalities, business entities, rural settlements, public organizations, social communities and groups. Due to the constancy of the structural, functional and supporting elements of the mechanism for realizing the economic interests of the rural population and the stability of its structure, it is concluded that the improvement of the mechanism will be connected, first of all, with the development of means for implementing its functions and improving the quality of coordination of interactions of its structural elements, as well as with the formation of an information base characterizing the conditions and the results of the realization of the economic interests of the rural population.
In symptomatic knee OA, adding oral methotrexate to usual analgesia reduced pain at 6 mo

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Kingsbury SR, Tharmanathan P, Keding A, et al. Pain reduction with oral methotrexate in knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Ann Intern Med. 2024;177:1145-1156. 39074374.
Pathomechanisms of immune-mediated alopecia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The hair follicle (HF) is a complex mini-organ that constantly undergoes dynamic cycles of growth and regression throughout life. While proper progression of the hair cycle requires homeostatic interplay between the HF and its immune microenvironment, specific parts of the HF, such as the bulge throughout the hair cycle and the bulb in the anagen phase, maintain relative immune privilege (IP). When this IP collapses, inflammatory infiltrates that aggregate around the bulge and bulb launch an immune attack on the HF, resulting in hair loss or alopecia. Alopecia areata (AA) and primary cicatricial alopecia (PCA) are two common forms of immune-mediated alopecias, and recent advancements in understanding their disease mechanisms have accelerated the discovery of novel treatments for immune-mediated alopecias, specifically AA. In this review, we highlight the pathomechanisms involved in both AA and CA in hopes that a deeper understanding of their underlying disease pathogenesis will encourage the development of more effective treatments that can target distinct disease pathways with greater specificity while minimizing adverse effects.
The Protective Effects of Pulsed Magnetic Field and Melatonin on Testis Torsion and Detorsion Induced Rats Indicated by Scintigraphy, Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography and Histopathological Methods.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

According to these results it can be concluded that PMF application had a therapeutic benefit as effective as melatonin administering. In addition, it was indicated that PET/CT with 18F-FDG and testicular scintigraphy with 99mTc pertechnetate could be efficiently used in determining the treatment efficiency in testicular torsion.
Do adverse pregnancy outcomes contribute to accelerated cardiovascular events seen in young women with systemic lupus erythematosus?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cardiovascular events (CVEs) are prevalent in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and it is the young women who are disproportionately at risk. The risk factors for accelerated cardiovascular disease remain unclear, with multiple studies producing conflicting results. In this paper, we aim to address both traditional and SLE-specific risk factors postulated to drive the accelerated vascular disease in this cohort. We also discuss the more recent hypothesis that adverse pregnancy outcomes in the form of maternal–placental syndrome and resultant preterm delivery could potentially contribute to the CVEs seen in young women with SLE who have fewer traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The pathophysiology of how placental-mediated vascular insufficiency and hypoxia (with the secretion of placenta-like growth factor (PlGF) and soluble fms-tyrosine-like kinase-1 (sFlt-1), soluble endoglin (sEng) and other placental factors) work synergistically to damage the vascular endothelium is discussed. Adverse pregnancy outcomes ultimately are a small contributing factor to the complex pathophysiological process of cardiovascular disease in patients with SLE. Future collaborative studies between cardiologists, obstetricians, obstetric physicians and rheumatologists may pave the way for a better understanding of a likely multifactorial aetiological process.
Inversion of penetrable obstacles from far-field data on narrow angular apertures

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Reported in this paper are reconstructions of shape and material parameters of two-dimensional, homogeneous, acoustic, penetrable obstacles of arbitrary cross-sections which are immersed in an infinite, homogeneous ambience. Reconstructions are based on the far-field scattering patterns of multiple incident plane acoustic waves. For remotely acquired data, practical necessities require not only that the entire data collection region be less than 2π, but also that each received “sees” the object over as narrow an angular aperture as possible. The inversions presented here were obtained under such conditions. Two types of data were used for each incidence namely, “near-monostatic” fields of narrow angular apertures (the narrowest aperture reported is 2°), and a “duostatic” geometry consisting of backscatter plus one other receiver angle. These data sets were acquired for a series of incident angles. The theoretical formalism for inversion is algebraic in nature, requires no integral equation, and possesses a number of advantages for the implementation of a Gauss–Newton type of inversion that was used in this study. Moreover, the algorithm is shown to be inheritently parallelizable.
Partial Purification and Properties of .BETA.-D-galactosidase from Persimmon Fruit

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

'刀根早生'果実は, 脱渋後の肉質が柔らかく美味で生産量, 流通量共に増加している。しかしながら, '刀根早生'果実は収穫後急速に軟化することが問題となっている。そこで, 細胞壁分解酵素の一つであるβ-D-galactosidaseに注目し, 酵素の精製および特性について調査した。'刀根早生'果実のβ-D-galactosidaseはButyl ToyopearlとMono-SカラムによりG-I画分とG-II画分が得られ, それぞれ4.2, 38.1倍に精製され1.08, 14.6%の収率であった。G-II画分のND-PAGEにおける分子量は約120kDaであり, SDS-PAGEにおいて, 約35kDaと約46kDaの2本のバンドが確認され, β-D-galactosidaseは2つのサブユニットから構成されていると思われた。G-II画分の最適pHは5.0であり, pH 5～8でほぼ安定であった。
Role of PRPS2 as a prognostic and therapeutic target in osteosarcoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant tumour of the bone. However, further improvement in survival has not been achieved due to a lack of well-validated prognostic markers and more effective therapeutic agents. Recently, the c-Myc–phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 2 (PRPS2) pathway has been shown to promote nucleic acid metabolism and cancer cell proliferation in malignant melanoma; phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) has been upregulated and an effective therapeutic target in OS. However, the p-mTOR–PRPS2 pathway has not been evaluated in OS. Methods In this study, the expression level of PRPS2, p-mTOR and marker of proliferation (MKI-67) was observed in a cohort of specimens (including 236 OS cases and 56 control samples) using immunohistochemistry, and the association between expression level and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with OS was analysed. Results PRPS2 protein level, which is related to tumour proliferation, was higher in OS cells (p=0.003) than in fibrous dysplasia, and the higher PRPS2 protein level was associated with a higher tumour recurrence (p=0.001). In addition, our statistical analysis confirmed that PRPS2 is a novel, independent prognostic indicator of OS. Finally, we found that the expression of p-mTOR was associated with the poor prognosis of patients with OS (p<0.05). Conclusions PRPS2 is an independent prognostic marker and a potential therapeutic target for OS.
Wolf-Rayet and OF stars in the OB associations LH 101 and LH 104 in the LMC

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We observed in the Large Magellanic Cloud the associations LH 101 and LH 104, containing six Wolf-Rayet stars: one WN and five WCE subtypes. These regions are located south of the 30 Dor nebula. The new observations include UBV photometry for a thousand stars and spectroscopy in the range from 3600 to 5300 Å for about 90 stars. In LH 101 an 06.5f, an 06.5 + WN8 and a hydrogen emission star are identified. Cluster HR diagrams of these OB associations reveal their age structure.
Abstract P5-02-13: A novel detection technique for collagen (and other macromolecules) on H&E slides without special stains for improved cancer prognostics

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Stromal density including the characterization of the type, abundance and alignment of collagen and other extracellular matrix (ECM) protein fibers in proximity to breast precancers and cancers has emerged as an important and evolving tool for understanding tumor progression and stratifying/classifying mortality risk. Standard methods for this evaluation including second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy requires access to fresh or FFPE tissue samples of limited availability. In contrast, standard diagnostic H&E slides are more readily available for large retrospective and prospective studies. Methods: We developed a method for dual emission and transmission (DUET) microscopy that employs combined brightfield and fluorescence modalities, plus quantitative image analysis. The prototype instrument has whole-slide scanning capabilities for collagen detection and pixel-accurate alignment with conventional H&E-stained images. We have analyzed a retrospective cohort of 700 breast cancers with available outcome follow-up of greater than 5 years using this DUET method Results: DUET microscopy provides clear discrimination of collagen and ECM directly from standard H&E specimens, requiring only a few minutes to scan whole slides. Using the method, contrast enhancement similar to special staining techniques (e.g. trichrome, periodic acid Schiff’s, and picrosirius red stains). Image analysis from DUET directly corresponds to SHG data. DUET imaging discriminates between stroma surrounding invasive cancer and benign epithelium. DUET imaging of 700 breast cancers shows outcome correlation. Ongoing multivariate analysis comparing standard measures (grade, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, tumor phenotype, etc.) to the DUET stromal score will be reported. Conclusions: DUET provides a straightforward, rapid and inexpensive approach for highlighting collagen distribution patterns on existing histology slides. This method should enable current research using improved quantitative tools, including AI-based, for correlation with patient outcomes, by enabling the use of standard and available H&E slides. Citation Format: Farzad Fereidouni, Alexander D. Borowsky, Richard M. Levenson. A novel detection technique for collagen (and other macromolecules) on H&E slides without special stains for improved cancer prognostics [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-02-13.
Infective endocarditis in a racially mixed community: a 10 year review of 78 cases.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Over a 10 year period, 78 cases of infective endocarditis were seen at a general hospital serving a multiracial community. There was a bimodal distribution by age and by race. Rheumatic heart disease was a predisposing factor in 45% of cases and was particularly common in young Polynesians. Only eight patients had undergone procedures which might have caused bacteraemia. Most cases were due to streptococci (67%) or staphylococci (27%). Eighteen of 78 patients (23%) died in hospital, usually as a result of overwhelming sepsis or neurological complications. The 60 discharged have been followed for an average of almost three years. There have been 11 deaths but only two related to the previous endocarditis. Three of 41 patients infected with viridans streptococci died. There were no relapses and only one microbiological failure due to these organisms. All 14 patients with viridans streptococcal endocarditis treated with combined therapy for two weeks were cured. Ten of 16 cases of Staph aureus endocarditis were fatal. All but one involved the left side of the heart. The series included no intravenous drug abusers. Sixteen cases of endocarditis involved prosthetic valves and in this group the mortality, frequency of complications and need for surgery were significantly more frequent than in those with native valve infection.
Neoantigen-based personalized cancer vaccines: the emergence of precision cancer immunotherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Immunoinformatic pipelines that can rapidly scan cancer genomes and identify 'the best' neoantigens are in high demand. Despite the need for such tools, immunoinformatic methods for identifying neoepitopes in cancer genomes are diverse and have not been well-validated. Validation of 'personalized vaccine design pipelines' will bring about a revolution in neoantigen-based vaccine design and delivery.
Investigation of a capacitance-based displacement transducer

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A capacitance-based displacement transducer consisting of three concentric cylinders is introduced and analyzed. The design eliminates measurable humidity effects and reduces temperature effects to below 10 p.p.m./ degrees C over the temperature range of 20 degrees C to 60 degrees C. Electric noise considerations lead to a design of a 0.5-in-span (12-mm) transducer with 0.01% accuracy.< >