jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Harnessing the power of Facebook to target the Hispanic consumer: An automobile and QSR analysis

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Capturing the Hispanic share of wallet is increasingly important for brands, yet many struggle to make resonant, authentic connections to this market. As the US Hispanic population and its purchasing power grow to record proportions, the use of social media has become increasingly important. Leveraging social data as part of a digital marketing strategy can help marketers gain meaningful insights into Hispanic consumers to drive ROI. The ability to match social Big Data with well-profiled consumers is the key to effectively leveraging social media. The following two studies — the first investigating Hispanic brand fans of two major automakers, the second investigating Hispanic brand fans of three quick-serve restaurants — utilise Lightspeed GMI’s social media intelligence tool, Context, to glean insights into Hispanic consumers. The research tests the hypothesis that corporations can effectively reach Hispanic consumers and formulate authentic content strategies through social media data, revealing insights into the unique tastes and preferences of this fast-growing segment.
BIOCIDE RESISTANCE AS A RESULT OF EXPOSURE TO BIOCIDES USED IN HYDRAULIC FRACTURING

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Microbial resistance to antimicrobials is an important topic to investigate not only for our health but for the environment. There is a growing concern about expanding microbial resistance to both antibiotics and other antimicrobials such as biocides. We wanted to know how bacteria previously exposed to hydraulic fracturing fluids, including biocides, would react to biocide exposure and what the mechanism of resistance looked like. In order to test this hypothesis bacterial isolates were obtained from water and sediment from a stream that had been previously exposed to a spill of hydraulic fracturing water. Thirty bacterial isolates were obtained from these samples that could withstand a moderate dose of two biocides (Glutaraldehyde and 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA)). These isolates then had their DNA extracted and taxonomy identified using 16S rRNA sequencing. We also tested minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for each isolate against each biocide. This data however was not conclusive. Attempts were made to perform whole genome sequencing on these isolates to better understand resistance mechanisms. Sequencing was also attempted but due to complications was not completed. To increase our understanding of the mechanism of resistance a comparative genomic study was undertaken to compare between hydraulic fracturing associate Bacillus spp. and non-hydraulic fracturing associated relatives. Overall, isolates resistant to glutaraldehyde, DBNPA or both were obtained and identified. More isolates were found resistant to either glutaraldehyde or DBNPA not both. Meaning that the mechanisms of resistance may be different for the two biocides.
A Vibration Acceleration Sensor-based Shock Pulse Method for Condition Evaluation of Rolling Bearings

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Compared to the acceleration sensor based vibration measurement, the shock pulse sensor based SPM has been proved to be simpler and more effective for evaluating rolling bearings' condition, but it also has the inevitable inferiority of being unable to monitor the overall state of the machine. To solve this problem, a novel shock pulse method based on acceleration sensor (APM) is proposed in this paper. It widens the function of an acceleration sensor and realizes the analysis of resonance response beyond the linear response of the sensor. This paper focuses on two core issues. The first one is to extract the available shock pulse from vibration acceleration signals by the band-pass filtering and envelope demodulation. The key to this issue is the bandwidth selection of the band-pass filter. In this study, the deviation rate of pulse value is defined, and the bandwidth is optimized by dealing with the contradiction between the deviation rate and the anti-noise ability of the filter. Another issue is the measurement of the pulse strength. In this paper, an improved pulse quantization method is proposed to reduce the interference of the random impact. Furthermore, the normalization and condition estimation of SPM theory are used to realize the mapping between the measurement value and the bearing's condition. Experimental bearing signals with various fault status were analyzed to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of APM.
Photochemical Reaction of VOC Gases on the Visible Light Photocatalyst Surfaces

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We report the photochemical reaction of volatile organic compounds (VOC's), such as acetaldehyde and toluene, over nitrogen doped TiO2(TiO-N) under visible light irradiation, using liquid chromatography (LC), gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GC-MS) for gases analysis, and diffuse reflectance fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and ion chromatography (IC) for adsorbed organics. We evaluated the photo degradation rates and intermediates for the above gases. As a result, the degradation rates of acetaldehyde gas on TiO-N were 1.2-3 times greater than those on TiO2, and those of toluene gas on TiO-N were 4-49 times greater than those on TiO2. Low concentrations of acetone and acetic acid were produced during the photo degradation of acetaldehyde by the TiO-N. From toluene, very low concentrations of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone and benzaldehyde gases were produced. We also revealed the decomposition processes of toluene. Results obtained indicate that toluene, weakly adsorbed on the photocatalyst surface, is initially photooxidized to benzaldehyde which adsorbs onto the TiO-N surface more strongly, leading to the formation of ring-opening products such as carboxylic acids and aldehydes. These intermediate products were gradually photodegraded to CO2 and H2O under visible light irradiation.
Gendered structures and processes in primary teacher education : challenge for gender-sensitive pedagogy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

My aim was to study gendered structures and processes and the challenges arising from them in primary teacher education. The topic was studied from structural and from agency-based and processual perspectives. The special tools used in the analyses consisted of culturally produced differences and asymmetry and the symbolic meanings given to them.The study included historical and contemporary parts. The historical part of the study acquired its focus through the structures of the first Finnish Teacher Seminar and through three annual curricula of primary teacher education in Oulu. Data for the contemporary analyses were collected during a pedagogic development project carried out at the Oulu Department of Teacher Education in the years 1988-1996The most visible components of the gender system identifiable in the structures of the first Finnish Teacher Seminar were the following:- different aims for personal growth- sex- and grade-based division of prospective teachers: female teachers for girls of all ages and small boys, male teachers for boys aged 10 or more- differences in study subjects; especially in physical education, handicraft and pedagog- everyday chores and pedagogical tasks of the student- moral code and normative contro - different enrolment requirementsThe sex-related differences in the first curriculum of the Oulu College of Teacher Education were surprisingly similar to the differences seen in the first Finnish Teacher Seminar. The academic curricula proved to be ostensibly gender-neutral. But the research findings showed, in accordance with several other research findings, that formal neutrality does not eliminate institutionalised gendered features or gendered perspectives for personal and/or professional development. On the basis of the findings, the following aspects of the gender system and gender contracts in contemporary primary teacher education in Oulu could be identified:- Almost without exception, the students qualifying in the education of the first two forms were female.- Female students qualified in various subjects taught in primary school while male students rather tended to acquire their qualifications according to a more personal orientation. Their special qualifications were mostly physical education and technical work.- There was a tendency among the student teachers to notice boys differently from girls and to experience boys as more challenging, and to- interpret pupils' school achievements in sex-related ways. This tendency was also shared by te pupils.
Investigation of Ne IX and Ne X line emission from dense plasma using Ross-filter systems

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report on the application of well-balanced Ross-filter systems for the diagnostics of x-ray emission from a Z-pinch plasma. The composition and thicknesses of the filter layers were so selected to yield the intensities of neon H- and He-like emission lines separately with relatively good accuracy. The systems provide convenient absolute and time-dependent measurements of the emission intensities, and they are particularly useful for relatively low source-light intensities. The applicability of the systems is examined with the aid of time-dependent modeling of the stagnating plasma, using collisional-radiative and radiation transport calculations. The data and modeling are used to yield information on time evolution of the plasma density and temperature at stagnation.
Contactless temperature sensing via luminescence

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Sensitive detection of temperature in a non-contact fashion has applications in many diverse areas and disciplines. Immediate need exists for non-contact temperature measurement of moving or contact sensitive objects, hardly accessible bodies, or objects in hazardous locations. Materials and sensor platforms used for non-contact temperature measurements often limits their use in certain environments. The changes of luminescence properties of materials with temperature (such as changes of absolute and relative emission intensities, lifetime values of excited states, emission rise times, peak positions, and emission bandwidths) allow some materials to act as sensitive thermometers. The phenomenon become the basis of a new arm in the field of luminescence spectroscopy commonly termed as a luminescence thermometry. This lecture presents an overview of different modalities of luminescence thermometry, such as the use of materials with a single- or multi- emission centers, the selection of the reference emission, and advantages or disadvantages of the emission intensity measurements versus measurements of temporal changes in emission. Then, different classes of materials commonly utilized for luminescence thermometry are listed along with their figures of merit (temperature sensitivities, resolutions, measurement ranges. These include rare earth doped optical fibers, phosphors in forms of powders, thin films and ceramics, organic-inorganic hybrids etc. Finally, several state-of-the-art applications of remote temperature sensing with luminescence are shown.
Intelligent Multiple-Vehicular-Attributes (iMVA) Broadcast Protocol for VANETs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Any vehicular network attributes in VANETs (e.g., sender-receiver distance and number of neighboring vehicles) can be used to determine candidate rebroadcast vehicles. The use of only limited number of attributes, however, may rule out potential broadcast candidates. For example, a counter-based scheme broadcast will never take specific nodes (vehicles) into consideration even though they have great sender-receiver distance. This research employs multiple vehicular attributes to tackle such an issue. The use of naïve-Bayes probability in our protocol combines the individual strengths of the incorporated vehicular attributes to obtain a broadcast decision. The results suggest that the proposed method is intelligent to the variation of node density and its performance outperformed both the distance-based scheme and the Efficient Counter-based Scheme (ECS) broadcast scheme at any network densities experimented. Our broadcast method contributes to the increase of 1.8% average reachability, 30.3% saving on rebroadcast tries, 5% reduction on delivery cost and shortens the total delay time by about 19.6% over the ECS scheme. An analytical model justifies the simulated reachability and saved-rebroadcast results showing similar trends over network density experimented.
Multiple-channel adaptive noise equalizers

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents multiple-channel adaptive noise equalizers (ANE) with the desired noise shaping capability. Narrowband ANE can either amplify or attenuate narrowband noise. The output of the ANE system contains residual narrowband components, the amplitudes of which can be linearly and arbitrarily controlled by adjusting the gain parameter of the equalizer. Broadband ANE can control the residual noise spectrum by designing the shaping filter of the equalizer. These ANE systems are extended to multiple-channel applications.
Supervisedt-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding for Data Visualization and Classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose a novel supervised dimension-reduction method called supervised t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (St-SNE) that achieves dimension reduction by preserving the similarities of data points in both feature and outcome spaces. The proposed method can be used for both prediction and visualization tasks with the ability to handle high-dimensional data. We show through a variety of data sets that when compared with a comprehensive list of existing methods, St-SNE has superior prediction performance in the ultrahigh-dimensional setting in which the number of features p exceeds the sample size n and has competitive performance in the p ≤ n setting. We also show that St-SNE is a competitive visualization tool that is capable of capturing within-cluster variations. In addition, we propose a penalized Kullback–Leibler divergence criterion to automatically select the reduced-dimension size k for St-SNE. Summary of Contribution: With the fast development of data collection and data processing technologies, high-dimensional data have now become ubiquitous. Examples of such data include those collected from environmental sensors, personal mobile devices, and wearable electronics. High-dimensionality poses great challenges for data analytics routines, both methodologically and computationally. Many machine learning algorithms may fail to work for ultrahigh-dimensional data, where the number of the features p is (much) larger than the sample size n. We propose a novel method for dimension reduction that can (i) aid the understanding of high-dimensional data through visualization and (ii) create a small set of good predictors, which is especially useful for prediction using ultrahigh-dimensional data.
Neurotrophic factors [activity-dependent neurotrophic factor (ADNF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)] interrupt excitotoxic neurodegenerative cascades promoted by a PS1 mutation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Although an excitotoxic mechanism of neuronal injury has been proposed to play a role in chronic neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, and neurotrophic factors have been put forward as potential therapeutic agents, direct evidence is lacking. Taking advantage of the fact that mutations in the presenilin-1 (PS1) gene are causally linked to many cases of early-onset inherited Alzheimer’s disease, we generated PS1 mutant knock-in mice and directly tested the excitotoxic and neurotrophic hypotheses of Alzheimer’s disease. Primary hippocampal neurons from PS1 mutant knock-in mice exhibited increased production of amyloid β-peptide 42/43 and increased vulnerability to excitotoxicity, which occurred in a gene dosage-dependent manner. Neurons expressing mutant PS1 exhibited enhanced calcium responses to glutamate and increased oxyradical production and mitochondrial dysfunction. Pretreatment with either basic fibroblast growth factor or activity-dependent neurotrophic factor protected neurons expressing mutant PS1 against excitotoxicity. Both basic fibroblast growth factor and activity-dependent neurotrophic factor stabilized intracellular calcium levels and abrogated the increased oxyradical production and mitochondrial dysfunction otherwise caused by the PS1 mutation. Our data indicate that neurotrophic factors can interrupt excitotoxic neurodegenerative cascades promoted by PS1 mutations.
A study of the nitrogen balance in vitamin B2 deficiency in the rat

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Research Article| January 01 1931 A study of the nitrogen balance in vitamin B2 deficiency in the rat Stanisław Kazimierz Kon Stanisław Kazimierz Kon 1The Biochemical Department, State School of Hygiene, Warsaw Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1931) 25 (2): 482–493. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0250482 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Stanisław Kazimierz Kon; A study of the nitrogen balance in vitamin B2 deficiency in the rat. Biochem J 1 January 1931; 25 (2): 482–493. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0250482 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1931 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1931 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Assessment of Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Cement-Based Materials—Part 2: Perlite Concrete

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

There is an international concern for reducing energy consumption and protecting the environment in the construction industry. The energy efficiency of a building depends on the thermal resistance of concrete, and utilizing concrete products with elevated thermal resistance can enhance this aspect. This study analyzes the impact of perlite, as an addition, on the physico-mechanical properties of concrete, with the aim of identifying perlite concrete products that will respond to the improvement of the heat transfer resistance of the building envelope. The study examines the effect of replacing different amounts of concrete aggregates with perlite in percentages of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 100%. The results show that substituting sand with perlite improves the thermal performance of concrete, but its mechanical properties are negatively affected. The research carried out highlighted that perlite can be successfully introduced in the production of concrete blocks used for external non-bearing wall panels, the outstanding feature being the reduction of energy consumption in buildings. Overall, the paper identifies an efficient and environmentally friendly way of using perlite in the construction industry, enhancing the energy efficiency of buildings while minimizing the environmental footprint caused by the construction industry.
Modelling postfire recovery of snow albedo and forest structure to understand drivers of decades of reduced snow water storage and advanced snowmelt timing

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Forest fires darken snow albedo and degrade forest structure, ultimately reducing peak snow–water storage, and advancing snowmelt timing for up to 15 years following fire. To date, no volumetric estimates of watershed‐scale postfire effects on snow–water storage and snowmelt timing have been quantified over decades of postfire recovery. Using postfire parameterizations in a spatially‐distributed snow mass and energy balance model, SnowModel, we estimated postfire recovery of forest fire effects on snow–water equivalent (SWE) and snowmelt timing over decades following fire. Using this model, we quantified volumetric recovery of forest fire effects on snow hydrology across a chronosequence of eight sub‐alpine forests burned between 2000 and 2019 in the Triple Divide of western Wyoming. We found that immediately following fire, forest fire effects reduced snow–water storage by 6.8% (SD = 11.2%) and advanced the snow disappearance date by 31 days (SD = 9 days). Across the 15‐year recovery following fire, forest fire effects reduced snow–water storage by 4.5% (SD = 11.4%). Postfire effects on snow hydrology generally recovered over time, but still persisted beyond 15‐years following fire due to the observed postfire shift from forest to open meadow. Estimates of postfire reductions on peak SWE summed over the entire 15‐year postfire recovery period were 18 times greater than the immediate losses in the first winter following fire alone. These lasting effects of forest fires on snow hydrology decades following fire highlight the importance of postfire parameterizations for more accurate watershed‐scale volumetric estimates of forest fire effects on snow–water resources.
Thermal and microwave performance enhancement of AlGaN/GaN HEMT using an ultra-thin buffer on Si substrate for handset applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Gallium-nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are promising for handset applications. However, the self-heating effect significantly degrades the RF performance and reliability, making thermal management a critical bottleneck for device development. This challenge is further exacerbated on GaN-on-Si platforms, where thick buffer stacks are typically required to mitigate lattice and thermal mismatch. In this work, we propose an AlGaN/GaN HEMT using an ultra-thin buffer on high-resistivity Si substrate with a total thickness below 400 nm. Compared to a conventional thick-buffer reference, this simplified buffer design reduces buffer thickness by more than 70% while maintaining a wafer bow of −16.8 μm. Time-domain thermoreflectance measurements reveal an effective GaN thermal conductivity (κeff-GaN) of 65.7 ± 9.2 W m−1 K−1 and an effective GaN/Si thermal-boundary conductance of 0.17 ± 0.02 GW m−2 K−1, compared with 110.8 ± 7.0 W m−1 K−1 and 0.012 ± 0.006 GW m−2 K−1 for the conventional multilayer buffer, respectively. The thermal resistance (Rth) improvement of the ultra-thin buffer is further confirmed by the DC-pulsed I–V intersection method. Thanks to the improved thermal performance, along with the advantages in knee-walkout and current collapse, this device achieves an improvement of 22.5% in power density (Pout) and 2.6% in power-added efficiency. These results demonstrate that the ultra-thin buffer design not only improves thermal management but also enhances RF performance, offering a promising route for next-generation mobile RF front-end modules.
B. F. Skinner: Myth and Misperception

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Although B. F. Skinner is probably the best known American psychologist, his provocative ideas have generated widespread controversy, and his deceptively simple theory lends itself to misunderstanding. We investigated the extent to which individuals hold misperceptions about Skinner's ideas. Subjects at various levels of education in psychology (N = 75) completed a truefalse questionnaire on Skinner's ideas. Results indicate that subjects at all levels of eduation hold several myths concerning Skinner's work. Implications of the results for the teaching of psychology, particularly Skinner's ideas, are discussed.