jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Nutrition labelling: a review of research on consumer and industry response in the global

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: To identify peer-reviewed research on consumers ’ usage and attitudes towards the nutrition label and the food industry’s response to labelling regulations outside Europe, North America, and Australia and to determine knowledge gaps for future research. Design: Narrative review. Results: This review identified nutrition labelling research from 20 countries in Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America. Consumers prefer that pre-packaged food include nutrition information, although there is a disparity between rates of use and comprehension. Consumer preference is for front-of-pack labelling and for information that shows per serving or portion as a reference unit, and label formats with graphics or symbols. Research on the food and beverage industry’s response is more limited but shows that industry plays an active role in influencing legislation and regulation. Conclusions: Consumers around the world share preferences with consumers in higher income countries with respect to labelling. However, this may reflect the research study populations, who are often better educated than the general population. Investigation is required into how nutrition labels are received in emerging economies especially among the urban and rural poor, in order to assess the effectiveness of labelling policies. Further research into the outlook of the food and beverage industry, and also on expanded labelling re-gulations is a priority. Sharing context-specific research regarding labelling between countries in the global South could be mutually beneficial in evaluating obesity prevention policies and strategies.
Dysfunctional cognitive emotion regulation and type a behaviour pattern as risk factors for psycho-emotional disorders

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

ДИСФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ КОГНИТИВНАЯ РЕГУЛЯЦИЯ ЭМОЦИЙ И ТИП ПОВЕДЕНИЯ А КАК ФАКТОРЫ РИСКА ПСИХОЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ НАРУШЕНИЙ Исследование направлено на изучение дисфункциональной когнитивной регуляции эмоций (РЭ) и типа поведения А (ТПА) как факторов риска развития дистресса, депрессии, тревоги и соматизации.В исследовании приняло участие 90 молодых лиц женского пола.Выявлено, что лица с ТПА характеризуются более высоким уровнем дистресса и тревоги по сравнению с лицами с типами поведения АБ и Б. Спешка и соперничество являются предикторами дистресса, тревоги и депрессии.Фактором риска дистресса и депрессии является частое использование неадаптивных стратегий РЭ, а в качестве защитного фактора выступает частое использование адаптивных стратегий РЭ.Соперничество связано с ростом использования неадаптивных стратегий РЭ, что приводит к развитию дистресса у молодых лиц женского пола.
Structure of 4-bromopyrazabole

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

C 6 H 9 B 2 BrN 4 cristallise dans P2 1 /n avec a = 6,756, b = 13,012 et c = 10,931 A, β = 91,50 °, Z = 4; affinement jusqu'a R = 4,45 %. La molecule a un arrangement papillon de trois cycles condenses avec une moitie centrale B 2 N 4 en forme de bateau.
Application of lead acetate test paper in the screen of low-H2 S-producing yeast strains.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

【Objective】 The feasibility of the lead acetate test paper in screening of low-yield H2S yeast strains was studied.【Method】 With 10 wild Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains,separated from Shanshan,Xinjiang province,as subject,low-yield H2S yeast strains were screened twice in the fermented simulated juice with the method of lead acetate test paper.【Result】 The results showed that M2,M3,M6 were low-yield H2S strains,M1,M8,M10 high-yield H2S strains.Among them,M2,M3,M6 produced H2S 12 μg/L;M10 could produce the highest content of H2S by 1920 μg/L.With higher ethanol-production ability(all above 10%) 8 wild yeast strains(except M7 and M9) showed superior characters in the fermentation experiment.【Conclusion】 The method of lead acetate test paper is convenient,low-cost,stable,and has high value for expansion and application in the screen of low-yield H2S yeast strains.With the method,the three yeast strains suitable for industrial fermentation of M2,M3,M6 were screened as low-yield H2S strains.
Atrial fibrillation in older adults with cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cancer and atrial fibrillation (AF) are common co-morbid conditions in older adults. Both cancer and cancer treatment increase the risk of developing new AF which increases morbidity and mortality. Heart rate and rhythm control along with anticoagulation therapy remain the mainstay of treatment of AF in older adults with both cancer and AF. Adjustments to the treatment may be necessary because of drug interactions with concurrent chemotherapy. Cancer and old age increase the risk of both, thromboembolism and bleeding. The risk of these complications is further enhanced by concomitant cancer therapy, frailty, poor nutrition status and, coexisting geriatric syndromes. Therefore, careful attention needs to be given to the risks and benefits of using anticoagulant medications. This review focuses on the management of AF in older patients with cancer, including at the end-of-life care.
White children's alignment to the perceived racial attitudes of the parents: Closer to the mother than the father

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In this study, in which 4–7‐year‐olds participated ( N =58), we analysed the relationship between White children's racial attitudes and their perceptions of parental expectations and racial attitudes. Overall, the children showed a strong in‐group preference in their choice of playmates and in the attribution of positive and negative traits to White and Black peers. In addition, children reported the belief that parents would be happier if they played with a White rather than a Black child. Finally, children anticipated that parents would also display racial biases. Most importantly, we found that children's attitudes were strongly correlated with the perceived expectations and attitudes of the mothers but not the fathers. This result further supports the idea that mothers' attitudes might be more relevant than fathers' attitudes in the formation of racial attitudes among children.
microRNA-223 suppresses histone deacetylase 2 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Histone Deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) is a key epigenetic modifier whose expression and activity have been found downregulated in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small, non-coding RNA molecules that have emerged as gene silencers. We hypothesized that miRNAs are involved in the regulation of HDAC2 activity and expression. Methods: Levels of miRNA and mRNA were quantified by quantitative PCR. Protein expression and activity of HDAC2 were measured by Western Blotting and HDAC-Glo assay. Manipulation of miRNA levels in human pulmonary endothelial cells (HPAEC) was achieved by using electroporation with either miRNA inhibitors or miRNA mimics. Interaction between miRNA-223 and HDAC2 promoter was assessed with a reporter gene assay. Results: Prediction software (miRWalk ®) identified miRNA-223 as a potential repressor of HDAC2 (miRNA-223 was recently found to be upregulated in COPD patients (Ezzie, M.E. et al., Thorax 2012; 67(2):122-131)). Stimulation experiments with inflammatory cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of COPD (e.g. IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) induced the expression of miRNA-223 in HPAEC. Subsequent functional experiments demonstrated that overexpression of miRNA-223 decreased both HDAC2 expression levels and its activity in HPAEC. Direct miRNA-target interaction was confirmed by reporter gene assay. Conclusion: Our data suggest that miRNA-223, the most prevalent miRNA in COPD, controls expression and activity of HDAC2 in pulmonary cells. This pathway provides a novel pathogenetic link between dysregulated miRNA expression and epigenetic activity in COPD.
Examining subjective wellbeing and health-related quality of life in women with endometriosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to explore the subjective wellbeing, health-related quality of life and lived experience of women living with endometriosis. In 2015 five hundred participants between the ages of 18-63 (M = 30.5, SD = 7.46) were recruited through Endometriosis Australia and social media, completing an online questionnaire comprising the Personal Wellbeing Index, the Endometriosis Health Profile-30 and various open-ended questions. Results found that women with endometriosis reported low levels of subjective wellbeing (mean PWI total scores of 51.5 ± 2.03), considerably below the normative range of 70-80 for western populations. The mean Endometriosis Health Profile total score indicated a very low health-related quality of life amongst the women in this sample (78.9, ±13.14). There was also a significant relationship between scores on the Endometriosis Health Profile and Personal Wellbeing Index. The findings from the qualitative data suggest that endometriosis impacts negatively on women's lives in several areas such as; social life, relationships and future plans, this in turn affects women's overall life quality. The study highlights the strong negative impact that endometriosis can have on women's subjective wellbeing and health related quality of life, contributing to productivity issues, relationship difficulties and social dissatisfaction and increasing the risk of psychological comorbidities.
On the construction of a service map: How to match the service features and the customer needs

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

With the growth of service industry, customers are playing an increasingly important role in new service development (NSD). In response, we propose a method to construct a service map and explore new service opportunities through matching an existing service feature and customer needs. Specifically, the service map matches two respective maps, a service feature map and a customer needs map. We first collect data from various websites. Secondly, documents including service features and customer needs are transformed into the structured keyword vector. Then, the service map is created by reducing the dimension of the keyword vector through principal component analysis (PCA) and matching the service feature map and the customer needs map. Finally, we can explore new service opportunities which are composed of open opportunities and closed opportunities based on the density of adjacent services.
An Application of LIDAR Technology for Wind Speed Measurement

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The ongoing growth of electricity consumption, along with decarbonization policies adopted worldwide, implies a steeper rate regarding the use of such renewable and clean energy sources. The proper evaluation of wind potential is of utmost importance for developing a wind farm project, as it allows the identification of the optimum site for wind turbine installation and the type of wind turbine to be installed in that specific site. This paper aims to evaluate the wind potential in a particular site from the north side of Romania's Moldova region, measuring the wind speeds at various altitudes using the cutting-edge technology of Laser Imaging, Detection, and Ranging (LIDAR). Measurements were conducted at multiple heights, over an entire year, with data being processed and analyzed. The wind speed was evaluated, along with the duration for each recorded speed, and wind direction. Thus, the wind potential in the considered area was evaluated.
Convection-enhanced drug delivery for glioblastoma: A systematic review focused on methodological differences in the use of the convection-enhanced delivery method

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a leading cause of brain cancer-related death. The blood–brain barrier (BBB) prevents the transport of most systemic delivered molecules to the brain. This constitutes a major problem in the therapy of brain tumors. In the last decade, numerous different drug-delivery approaches have been developed to overcome the BBB. The objective of this study is to provide an overview of the methodological aspects used in all preclinical and clinical studies published from 2011 to 2016 where convection-enhanced delivery (CED) was used for drug delivery in the treatment of GBM. A systematic review of English articles published in the past 5 years was undertaken using PubMed and Embase. The search terms (brain tumor [MeSH Terms]) AND (CED OR convection enhanced delivery) were used in PubMed and a similar search was carried out in Embase using their “multi-field search.” All studies using CED on an intracranial GBM model were included. The search resulted in 151 hits after duplicates were removed. In total, 30 studies were included in the review. Of these, two publications studied the technical aspects of the CED method. Furthermore, only one study was a clinical study. The research field is focused on preclinical drug development trials and less emphasis is placed on the CED technique itself. However, it is important that future studies focus on establishing optimal protocols for the use of CED in rodents as well as for big brain models to be able to use the CED method in patients with GBM.
HEAD TEACHERS’ DEMOCRATIC LEADERSHIP STYLE: IT’S INFLUENCE ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN UASIN GISHU COUNTY, KENYA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Head teachers’ task is crucial in inclusive education because of the central role they play in promoting participation among teachers to ensure that inclusion succeeds and to reduce underachievement particularly with children who might be perceived as having difficulties in learning. The purpose of this study therefore was to establish the influence of head teachers’ democratic leadership style on the implementation of inclusive education in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The study was anchored on Lewin’s leadership theory. The study adopted Concurrent triangulation design within the mixed method approach. The target population for the study comprised 4909 teachers in public primary schools and 464 senior teachers totaling up to 5373. The sample size comprised 491 teachers stratified sampled, 10 senior teachers systematically randomly sampled and a sample size of 501 was used. Data collection instruments were questionnaires and interview schedules. Content, construct and face validity was ensured by expert judgment. Reliability was ensured by Cronbach Alpha method and reliability coefficients were all above 0.7. Quantitative data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as Spearman Rank correlation and liner regression while Qualitative data was analyzed thematically. The results indicated that there is a statistically significant positive correlation between the head teachers’ level of democratic leadership style and implementation of inclusive education (n=368; rho =.204; p <.05). The study recommended that head teachers should be encouraged to employ democratic leadership styles on issues related to special needs education since democratic leadership style was revealed to be having positive correlation to implementation of inclusive education.
Abstract IA04: Relating single cell function to tissue structure in human tumors using MIBI-TOF

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Understanding the role of distinct cellular phenotypes in tissue function, development, and pathogenesis requires tools that can rapidly and consistently quantify the expression of multiple proteins while preserving spatial information. To meet this need, we have developed Multiplexed Ion Beam Imaging by Time-Of-Flight (MIBI-TOF). MIBI-TOF uses secondary ion mass spectrometry to visualize up to 50 metal labeled antibodies at subcellular resolution simultaneously with histochemical stains and native biological elements. We have used this capability to study how single cell function and tissue structure interact at the tumor immune microenvironment, the human maternal-fetal interface, and in infectious disease. These studies have led us to develop scalable, automated, and extensible tools for image thresholding, single cell segmentation, cell clustering, and cell neighborhood analyses that can be deployed on any tissue. Through NIH HuBMAP and CIMAC initiatives, we are currently working to deploy this computational pipeline as well as preformulated antibody staining master mixes as a streamlined, end-to-end workflow for routine high dimensional tissue analysis in basic and translational research. Lastly, we are currently working to develop brighter primary ion sources and new metal reporter constructs that will permit full tissue section scanning while extending multiplexed detection to include RNA and DNA. Citation Format: R. Michael Angelo. Relating single cell function to tissue structure in human tumors using MIBI-TOF [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Tumor Heterogeneity: From Single Cells to Clinical Impact; 2020 Sep 17-18. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(21 Suppl):Abstract nr IA04.
The Red Pencil: Artists, Scholars, and Censors in the USSR

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Introduction: Soviet culture of the mid-1980s, Alexander Gershkovich. Part 1 The background: Soviet censorship - a view from the inside, Leonid Vladimirov a view from the outside, Maurice Friedberg censorship via translation - Soviet treatment of Western political writing, Marianna Tax Choldin. Part 2 Censorship in the scientist's laboratory: coping with the censor - a Soviet scientist remembers, Yuri Yarim-Agaev. Part 3 Censoring artistic imagination: introduction, Maurice Frieberg papers by Vassily Aksyonov, Vladimir Voinovich and Andrei Siniavskii. Part 4 The mass media: film censorship in the USSR, Valery Golovskoy censoring the journalist, Ilya Suslov censoring at the editorial desk, Boris Zaks censoring in the theatre, Alexander Gershkovich.
Numerical Study on Seasonal Variations of the Vertical Structures of the Plankton Ecosystem in the Northern Area of South China Sea

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

One-dimensional Modular Ecosystem Model(MEM-1D) was used to simulate the seasonal variations of the vertical structures of the plankton ecosystem in the northern area of South China Sea.Model results indicate that the concentration of chlorophyll-a at surface presents obviously seasonal variation with the minimum value in summer(0.05 mg·m-3) and the maximum value in winter(0.38 mg·m-3).In spring,vertical mixing is weaker due to the weaker wind.It is hard for nutrients to reach the upper layer,so the sub-surface chlorophyll-a concentration maximum(SCM)(80~100 m) maintains until the end of October.In winter,the vertical mixing becomes stronger due to the decrease of the sea surface temperature and the strong northeast monsoon.As a result,nutrients can reach the upper layer,which induce the phytoplankton bloom.The vertical structures of the biomasses of zooplankton and bacteria are similar and the maximum values both appear in winter with 13 mg·m-3 and 18 mg·m-3 respectively.
Organizational Self-Determination and New Digital Self-Study Applications as Means for Developing Nuclear Power Plant Operation Training

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

New learning is required from nuclear power plant operators: subtle changes to work emerge as new changes to safety improvements are introduced. This study reports challenges, trade-offs and potential solutions related to career long learning in NPP operation. A NPP operating organization was studied with two focus groups sessions (N = 9). The focus group session outline was generated based on individual (N = 2) and group interviews (N = 6) along with existing published studies and concepts of learning theory. The identified challenges reflect limited resources and limited self-determination of a specific functional group as part of bigger organization.
A Comparative Study of Safety and Efficacy of Mitomycin-C (0.08 mg) and Bevacizumab (7.5 mg) in Cases of External Dacryocystorhinostomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of mitomycin-C (MMC) (0.08 mg) and bevacizumab (7.5 mg) in external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) and compare their outcomes. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, comparative study in which a total of 20 patients were enrolled, 10 patients in Group A (MMC-assisted DCR) and 10 patients in Group B (bevacizumab-assisted DCR). All the patients were operated by a single surgeon. After fashioning of the nasal mucosal flap, in Group A, circumostial intramucosal injection of 0.02% MMC (0.08 mg in 0.4 mL) was injected equally at 4 points along the freshly created edges of the ostium and similarly, in Group B, circumostial intramucosal injection of bevacizumab (7.5 mg in 0.3 mL) was injected equally at 4 points along the freshly created edges of the ostium. All the patients underwent regular 6 month follow-up. The outcome measures analyzed were anatomical and functional success. Results: Functional and anatomical success of both groups was 100%. Conclusion: DCR with bevacizumab is as efficacious as DCR with MMC in patients with chronic dacryocystitis and failed DCR cases.
Predictors of Mortality in Bicycle-Related Trauma: An Eight-Year Experience in a Level One Trauma Center

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Bicycle-related trauma has increased during the last decades, mainly due to the antipollution environmental policies. This study investigates the outcome of bicycle-related trauma in our level-one trauma center over a period of eight years. Methods: Data from 446 consecutive bicycle-related trauma patients admitted to our trauma center from 2011 to 2019 were selected and retrospectively analyzed. The sample was divided into three age groups: <18 years, 18–54 years, and ≥55 years. Mortality rates were obtained for the overall population and patients with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥ 25. Month and seasonal patients’ distribution was described to provide an epidemiological overview of bike-related trauma over the years. Results: Patients ≥ 55 years showed a lower pre-hospital and in-hospital GCS (p ≤ 0.001), higher levels of lactates (p < 0.019) and higher ISS (p ≤ 0.001), probability of death (p ≤ 0.001), and overall mortality (p ≤ 0.001). The head and chest Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) ≥ 3 injuries were predictors of mortality, especially in patients over 55 years (p < 0.010). Bicycle-related trauma was more frequent during the summer (34%), particularly in July and August. Conclusions: Age over 55 years old, head and chest injuries, and an ISS > 25 were independent predictors of mortality.