jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Male Self-Disclosure of HIV-Positive Serostatus to Sex Partners

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

HIV-positive men face multiple challenges when deciding whether or not to disclose their serostatus to sex partners. This survey design using repeated measures examined disclosure of HIV-positive serostatus to sex partners in an ethnically diverse population of men (N= 93) recruited from the community in O'ahu, Hawai'i. The framework guiding the research was Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1987), with a specific focus on self-efficacy for disclosure decision-making and for negotiating safe sex. The aims of the research were to: 1) describe HIV serostatus disclosure to sex partners; 2) describe self-efficacy for disclosure to sex partners and self-efficacy for negotiating safer sex; 3) determine the relationships between demographic, HIV-illness, drug use history, self-efficacy and sex partner variables (relationship status, serostatus), and self-disclosure, and; 4) determine the relationships between demographic, HIV-illness, drug use history, self-efficacy, sex partner variables, self-disclosure, and condom use by the men in the sample. A convenience sample of HIV-seropositive men was enlisted through both active outreach and passive recruitment (posters and public advertisement). Survey responses were anonymous, as the subject matter being asked was sensitive in nature. Results reveal that self-disclosure to sex partners varied based on sex partner serostatus and relationship status, and was significantly influenced by perceived self-efficacy, by income, education, years since diagnosis and contextual factors including cocaine use before sex. Subjects were least likely to disclose to a sex partner whose serostatus was not discussed. An unknown partner serostatus was also significantly associated with less disclosure. The more committed the relationship, the greater the likelihood that a subject would self­ disclose. The longer the time since initial HIV diagnosis the more likely a subject was to disclose to sex partners. High self-efficacy scores were associated with self-disclosure, and with condom use. Cocaine use before sex was associated with less disclosure and less condom use. Self-disclosure was significantly associated with condom use as well. Although a causal relationship is not implied, self-disclosure practices did influence safe sex behavior. Implications for nursing and for future research are discussed.
Supplementary Methods and Figure S1 from Downregulation of Critical Oncogenes by the Selective SK2 Inhibitor ABC294640 Hinders Prostate Cancer Progression

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>Contains Figure S1; SK2 siRNA validates Myc depletion by ABC294640. Supplemental methods for figure S1 also included.</p>
Growing the Canadian SoTL Community through a Collaborative Writing Initiative

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Recognizing the challenges that often attach to writing for publication, this chapter describes a Collaborative Writing Groups (CWG) initiative that supports scholarly writing about teaching and learning in higher education. This model, which sees groups of scholars from multiple institutions working together virtually and face-to-face to co-author manuscripts on topics of shared interest, has been shown to contribute to building scholarly capacity, community, and collaboration, while also leading to the development of manuscripts that contribute meaningfully to the literature. We describe the model, which was initially developed by the International Network for Learning and Teaching Geography in Higher Education and subsequently modified for the International Society for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, outline some of the evidence demonstrating its efficacy, and reflect on our experiences adapting the initiative to support collaborative writing in the Canadian context. While the CWG process was originally developed for individuals working on the scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL), it is also applicable to those in other fields and disciplines. Thus, we situate our discussion within the SoTL literature that shaped the initiative, but also offer considerations and recommendations for those wishing to adapt and apply the model in other contexts.
Hydroxamate-Containing Bisphosphonates as Fosmidomycin Analogues: Design, Synthesis, and Proherbicide Activity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Fosmidomycin (FOS) is a natural product inhibiting the DXR enzyme in the MEP pathway and has stimulated interest for finding more suitable FOS analogues. Herein, two series of FOS analogue hydroxamate-containing bisphosphonates as proherbicides were designed, with bisphosphonate replacing the phosphonic unit in FOS while retaining the hydroxamate (BPF series) or replacing it with retro-hydroxamate (BPRF series). The BPF series were synthesized through a three-step reaction sequence including Michael addition of vinylidenebisphosphonate, N-acylation, and deprotection, and the BPRF series were synthesized with a retro-Claisen condensation incorporated into the reaction sequence. Evaluation on model plants demonstrated several compounds having considerable herbicidal activities, and in particular, compound 8m exhibited multifold activity enhancement as compared to the control FOS. The proherbicide properties were comparatively validated. Furthermore, DXR enzyme assay, dimethylallyl pyrophosphate rescue, and molecular docking verified 8m to be a promising proherbicide candidate targeting the DXR enzyme. In addition, 8m also displayed good antimalarial activities.
Digital Health

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This chapter will discuss the topic of Digital Health, Digital Stress and Digital Transformation focusing on how digital tools and platforms are employed to enhance the employee's wellness and productivity. The application of Digital Health solutions helps to a great extent to remove barriers that prevent employees from being healthy and actively involved in the discussion of the problem since the overload of the working capacities of not only employees but also managers is observed nowadays, the issue of burnout and stress, fatigue coming from an insufficient number of digital breaks and digital exhaustion. The chapter will explain how organizations can leverage digital solutions to support initiatives connected with Sustainable Development Goals 3 (Good Health and Wellbeing) and Sustainable Development Goals 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) by decreasing the load created by constant connectivity and improving work environments.
MISO information and power transfer with finite-rate feedback under fading channel

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Mobile devices or sensor nodes are usually energy-constrained, and in some scenarios it is inconvenient or impractical to charge or replace batteries. To tackle this problem, the idea of transferring power to mobile devices wirelessly via radio frequency signals has recently gained much attention. In this paper, we consider a point-to-point communication system in which the transferred power is used for the receiver to feedback the quantized channel state information (CSI) to the transmitter, and then the transmitter utilizes the CSI to beamform the signals. Two power and information transfer architectures are considered: time-switching and power splitting. We derive bounds of the average achievable rates under the fading channel.
An Observation of Outcome in Association with Spontaneous Onset of Labor and Induced Labour of Primigravida at Term

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Labour is a usual physiological process considered by progressive rise in frequency, intensity and duration of uterine contractions resulting in effacement and dilatation of the cervix with descent of the fetus over the birth canal. Initiation of labour is defined as iatrogenic stimulation of uterine reductions to cause the delivery of fetus before the onset of spontaneous labour. Aim of the study: To observe the outcome in association with spontaneous onset of labor and induced labour of primigravida at term. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Ashiyan Medical College Hospital, Barua Khilkhet, and Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from January 2018 to December 2018. Initially, all pregnant mothers at term (410/7 – 416/7 Weeks) were enrolled by purposive sampling. Thereafter, they were scrutinized according to the eligibility criteria. Finally, 80 participants were grouped in each category; namely spontaneous labor group. Thereafter, they were explained regarding the study procedure and informed written consent was charted on the partograph. A structure data sheet was used to obtain socio-demographic profile, obstetric profile, maternal and neonatal outcome profile were recorded using a pre structured, peer reviewed, interview and observation-based data collection sheet. All data were recorded, managed and analyzed using software Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20.
The Restricted Singular Value Decomposition of Matrix Triplets

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper the concept of restricted singular values of matrix triplets is introduced. A decomposition theorem concerning the general matrix triplet $( A,B,C )$, where $A \in \mathcal{C}^{m \times n} ,B \in \mathcal{C}^{m \times p} $, and $C \in \mathcal{C}^{q \times n} $, which is called the restricted singular value decomposition (RSVD), is proposed. This result generalizes the well-known singular value decomposition, the generalized singular value decomposition, and the recently proposed product-induced singular value decomposition. Connection of restricted singular values with the problem of determination of matrix rank under restricted perturbation is also discussed.
Theoretical Study of Molecular Ordering in Biphenyl-4-Carboxylic Acid

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Biphenyl compounds are very well known for their liquid crystalline behaviour. In this paper, molecular ordering, transition temperature and related parameters of biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid have been explained on the basis of inter-molecular interaction energy studies. Second order perturbation therory with multicentred-multipole approximation has been employed to evaluate interaction energies with the help of quantum-mechanical charge distribution. Stacking, in-plane and terminal interaction energy values between a pair of molecules have been reported. Results have been discussed in view of experimental evidences.
Research on Solutions of Vocational School Students to Employment Pressure under the Perspective of Psychological Elasticity

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Through a questionnaire survey of 430 vocational college students on treatment methods to employment pressure and their psychological elasticity, it is found that the correlation between employment pressure treatment methods and psychological elasticity of vocational college students reaches a significant level.The protective factors affect the individual's psychological elasticity by internal protection.With the increasing of psychological elasticity, the employment pressure response will be more positive.By improving the mental elasticity of vocational students, their ways of responding to employment pressure can become more positive.
Arrival Spaces in a Russian Metropolis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The chapter discusses the application of the "arrival spaces" approach to Eastern European and especially Russian cities by examining internal migration to St. Petersburg between the mid-19th century and the First World War. The massive growth of the Russian metropolis was based primarily on rural-to-city migration, with migrants maintaining strong ties to their home villages. Although no clearly demarcated arrival neighborhoods emerged, migrants relied on certain spaces and infrastructures, such as the Haymarket and an adjacent slum-like residential complex, the Viazemskaia Lavra, which are presented and discussed in a first step. In a second step, the chapter examines the urban spaces and networks a poor migrant from the countryside relied on to survive in the city through the memoirs of the poet Spiridon Drozhzhin. Both case studies emphasize how migrants appropriated existing spaces and created new social spaces, resulting in a plea to rethink the concept of "arrival spaces" in more diverse and bottom-up terms.
Gas-sensing properties of metal-oxide nanostructures produced by PLD

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We report the fabrication of gas sensor elements by pulsed laser deposition in air at atmospheric pressure. We focused our attention on metal-oxide semiconductors, namely, SnO2, TiO2 and MoO3 and studied the samples' structure and morphology. The deposition technology applied leads to the formation of nanostructures composed of nanoparticles and nano-aggregates. We report preliminary results on the gas-sensing properties of the metal-oxide nanostructures. The sensors were exposed to CO, acetone and ethanol, with the TiO2 nanostructure demonstrating the highest response to CO exposure.
A novel obstacle avoidance model on UAVs for ubiquitous power Internet of Things

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the advancement of technology, unmanned method has become a promising approach for data collection from the ubiquitous Internet of Things (IoT) in the power industry. However, making autonomous obstacle avoidance on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is a challenging problem. It is much harder when the UAV is small since only very lightweight sensors can be carried on. In this paper, we focus on this problem and propose a novel model through deep reinforcement learning to achieve autonomous obstacle avoidance for UAVs. Different from prior similar works, the proposed model adopts the policy iteration-based method and requires only raw RGB images obtained by a monocular camera. Simulation results show that the proposed model performs better when compared to the other models based on value iteration.
Religion and Cultural Memory

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In ten brilliant essays, Jan Assmann explores the connections between religion, culture, and memory. Building on Maurice Halbwachs's idea that memory, like language, is a social phenomenon as well as an individual one, he argues that memory has a cultural dimension too. He develops a persuasive view of the life of the past in such surface phenomena as codes, religious rites and festivals, and canonical texts on the one hand, and in the Freudian psychodrama of repressing and resurrecting the past on the other. Whereas the current fad for oral history inevitably focuses on the actual memories of the last century or so, Assmann presents a commanding view of culture extending over five thousand years. He focuses on cultural memory from the Egyptians, Babylonians, and the Osage Indians down to recent controversies about memorializing the Holocaust in Germany and the role of memory in the current disputes between Israelis and Palestinians in the Middle East and between Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland.
Clinicopathological features of atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma in mediastinum

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To explore the clinicopathological characteristics and pathological differential diagnosis of atypical lipomatous tumor(ALT)/well-differentiated(WD)liposarcoma in mediastinum.Methods Two cases of mediastinal liposarcoma were reported,with review of relevant literature.Results Both of the cases recurred more than three times and contained multi-nodular tumors in macroscopy.Both showed well-differentiated liposarcomal element and other heterologous differentiated elements in histopathologic examination.The two cases were diagnosed as benign tumours at first.Conclusions ALT/WD liposarcoma shows a variety of histopathologic phenotype and needs to be distinguished from other tumors arising from lipocyte or others.This tumor is characterized by pleomorphic elements,higher recurrence and poor prognosis.
A multicentre multidose study of the efficacy and safety of spirapril in mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. UK Study Group of Spirapril in Hypertension.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This was a randomized double-blind parallel-group study of 283 patients who had mild-to-moderate [diastolic blood pressure (DBP) > 100 mmHg and < or = 115 mmHg] hypertension. After a 3 (or 4)-week placebo wash-out period followed by 6 weeks of active treatment with spirapril at either 3, 6, 12 or 24 mg once daily (or placebo), DBP decreased by approximately 10 mmHg in the (pooled) spirapril-treated patients compared with approximately 5 mmHg with placebo. There were statistically significant differences between all active-treatment groups (except the 24-mg dose group) and placebo, but not among the spirapril groups at the end of the +24-hour dosing interval. Reported adverse events were mostly not study drug-related and were similar to those with placebo except for headache, which was more frequent with spirapril than placebo (5.8% vs 1.7%, respectively). Similarly, the number and severity of the changes in laboratory variables did not differ between placebo vs spirapril, and none of these changes were dose-related. In conclusion, the studied dosages of spirapril were equally effective in reducing DBP, and the overall good decrease in blood pressure at the end of the dosing interval indicates that once-daily administration is effective in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension.
Evolution and Expression of polyketide synthase gene in the lichen-forming fungal families Cladoniaceae and Ramalinaceae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fungal polyketides are synthesized by polyketide synthases (PKS) encoded by PKS genes. The function of many PKS genes is unknown and the number of PKS genes exceeds the number of polyketides in many genomes. The lichen-forming fungi, Cladonia and Ramalina have chemical variants separated by habitat suggesting that environmental conditions may influence polyketide production. The goal of this thesis was to examine evolutionary relationships as a framework to investigate PKS gene function in the lichen-forming fungal families Cladoniaceae and Ramalinaceae. A phylogenetic analysis of the genus Ramalina (Chapter 2) using nuclear and mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences showed monophyly for seven species and included three species, which were not examined in phylogenies prior to this study. One monophyletic species, R. dilacerata was chosen for further tests of the effect of growing conditions on PKS gene expression (Chapter 3). Growth media containing yeast extracts produced the largest colony diameters and the fewest number of polyketides. A significant negative relationship occurred between colony diameter and number of secondary metabolites. Expression of two types of PKS genes was correlated with pH-level and media conditions that produced larger numbers of secondary products in R. dilacerata. A PKS gene phylogeny was constructed for 12 paralogs detected in members of the C. chlorophaea complex (Chapter 4) and gene selection was inferred using dN/dS estimations. The gene phylogeny provided evidence for independent origins and purifying and positive selection of PKS paralogs. This research provided insight into the evolution of PKS genes in the C. chlorophaea complex and identified potential genes that produce non-reduced polyketides present in C. chlorophaea. This thesis provided evidence for diversification of both morphological and chemical species and monophyly of previously unstudied Ramalina species. This research also supported theories of secondary metabolite synthesis based on growing conditions of R. dilacerata, and it revealed that PKS genes under selection in the Cladonia chlorophaea group provide the lichen with the adaptive capacity to survive under variable conditions. Knowledge of the ecological function of fungal polyketides can be valuable for conservation management and policy makers; and for understanding the potential pharmaceutical roles of these natural products.
Forward-looking behavior, precautionary savings, and borrowing constraints in a poor, agrarian economy: tests using rainfall data

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Household in many poor, agrarian economies derive their income from rain-dependent agriculture. This dependence raises the possibility that, from rainfall patterns early on in the crop-cycle, households accumulate information about future cash inflows (e.g., harvests) before the cashflows are realized. Using detailed longitudinal data from three villages in India, this paper explores whether households utilize this information in the ways suggested by modern consumption theories. Two of the central hypotheses suggested by these theories are that households are forward-looking in their consumption behavior and the react optimally to the receipt of information; and that in the face of uncertainty about future incomes, households engage in precautionary saving. The basic challenge in implementing tests of these hypotheses has been to find empirical measures of the 'news' that households receive, and the uncertainty they face. I show that, in the villages I study, rainfall patterns provide good proxies from which such measures might be constructed. I exploit this fact to test for precautionary saving and forward looking behavior. I find that precautionary saving and forward-looking behavior do not, by themselves, fully explain the observed consumption patterns. However, when I explicitly incorporate the possibility of binding borrowing constraints into the testing strategy, I obtain fairly strong support for the joint hypothesis of precautionary saving and forward-looking behavior in the presence of borrowing constraints.
Exhaust Gas Characteristics According to the Injection Conditions in Diesel and DME Engines

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the effect of high-pressure injection pressure on particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions is discussed. Many studies have been conducted by active researchers on high-pressure engines; however, the problem of reducing PM and NOx emissions is still not solved. Therefore, in the existing diesel (compression ignition) engines, the common rail high-pressure injection system has limitations in reducing PM and NOx emissions. Accordingly, to solve the exhaust gas emission problem of a compression ignition engine, a compression ignition engine using an alternative fuel is discussed. This study was conducted to optimize the dimethyl ether (DME) engine system, which can satisfy the emission gas exhaust requirements that cannot be satisfied by the current common rail diesel compression ignition engine in terms of efficiency and exhaust gas using DME common rail compression ignition engine. Based on the results of this study on diesel and DME engines under common rail conditions, the changes in engine performance and emission characteristics of exhaust gases with respect to the injection pressure and injection rate were examined. The emission characteristics of NOx, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions were affected by the injection pressure of pilot injection. Under these conditions, the exhaust gas characteristics were optimized when the pilot injection period and needle lift were varied.