jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Tumor Cell Needle Tract Seeding and Intracardiac Migration Following Percutaneous Image Guided Fiducial Seeds Implantation: A Two Rare Complications

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Fiducial markers are useful for stereotactic body radiotherapy for treatment of malignant tumors. Here, we report two cases of rare complications following percutaneous fiducial markers placement. Methods: First case, a 51-year-old male with high grade metastatic neuroendocrine tumour of the liver who underwent ultrasound guided placement of four fiducial markers in the right hepatic lobe tumour. Second case, a 41-year-old lady with rectal adenocarcinoma and pulmonary metastasis who underwent CT guidance fiducial markers placement in four metastatic lung lesions. Results: First case developed tumor cell seeding along the needle tract of the fiducial marker placement procedure. This was detected on follow up cross sectional imaging. Second case developed intracardiac migration of one of the fiducial markers into the left ventricle during the procedure. The patient continues to be totally asymptomtic on follow up after one and half month after the procedure. The migrated fiducial marker has not changed its location in the left ventricle as well. Conclusions: Although rare, tumour cell tract seeding and intracardiac migration following percutaneous fiducial markers placement are potential complications and should be taken in consideration.
History of Laos. By Maha Sila Viravong. Translated from the Laotian by the U.S. Joint Publications Research Service. New York: Paragon Book Reprint Corp., 1964. 147. $8.50.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

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ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASTIC PROCESSES: CORRELATION BETWEEN PROLIFERATION AND CELL APOPTOSIS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives. The investigation of proliferation markers expression u041au045667 and apoptosis p53, bcl-2 in endometrial hyperplastic processes (EHP).Methods. Data of 66 women endometrial tissue samples (mean age 47,3u00b14,5 years) were investigated: 52 with verified EHP and 14 healthy with biphasic menstrual cycle According to proliferative processes differentiation 5 groups were obtained: 1 - simple hyperplasia without atypical cells-11 women; II - complex hyperplasia without atypical cells-18; u0406u0406u0406 - simple hyperplasia with atypical cells-10; IV - complex hyperplasia with atypical cells -13 patients; V - control group morphologically unchanged endometrium-14.Immune hystochemical reactions with antibodies to u041au045667, bcl-2, p53 (DAKO-Germany) were used.Results. u041au045667 expression was increased along with hyperplasic process progression: relatively low proliferative activity was in I group both in epithelial and stromal cells (6,34u00b11,31% and 1,05u00b10,43% respectively). In II, III and IV groups proliferative activity was raising. u041au045667 expression in EHP was extremely focal. u044053 expression was absent in I and V group, appeared in II group (8,35u00b11,34% and 2,34u00b11,09%) with maximum in IV group (56,6u00b14,08% and 27,94u00b12,31%) in both epithelial and stromal cells respectively. bcl-2 witnessed expression changes: EPH type and stage according to color distribution and intensity from group II (5,6 % strong staining(+++), 16,7% - moderate(++), 50,0% - weak(+), staining absence - 27,7% - (0)) to IV (26,7% - strong(+++), 40,0% - moderate(++), 13,3% - weak(+), 20,0% - absence(0)). Conclusions. In EHP the immune hystochemical markers according to morphological changes sequence were observed. Mitotic activity increase is going along with apoptosis activation. Cells' death programmed processes disorders could be oncological prognosis predictors at EHP.
Cavernous Malformations:Results of Image-Guided Resection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

With increased use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diagnosis of cavernous malformations (CMs) has become straightforward. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for these lesions. These malformations, though, are often small and can be difficult to localize during surgery. In these cases, stereotactic resection with a frame-based system is recommended to aid in localization of the malformation. However, use of these frame-based systems can be time consuming for the surgeon and onerous for the patient. With the advent of frameless stereotactic systems, these problems can be circumvented. Therefore, stereotactic resection of 17 CMs was performed for 15 patients over the course of 2 years at our institution during an investigative trial of a frameless stereotactic device. Eight patients presented with seizures, five patients with hemorrhage, and two patients with progressive headaches. Twelve of fifteen patients had normal neurological examination results on presentation, whereas three patients had deficitys resulting from intracranial hemorrhages. All patients underwent diagnostic MRI preoperatively. Fourteen lesions were found to be cortical and subcortical; the other three lesions were in the basal ganglia, lateral ventricle, and pons. Following resection, 11 of 15 patients improved. Two patients developed postoperative deficitys shortly after resection. One patient with a preoperative neurological deficity remained unchanged, and one patient had a recurrence of a deficity several months following resection. Image-guided stereotactic resection provides for easy localization of small malformations without requiring the use of a stereotactic frame or retractor and is well suited for resection of cavernous malformations.
Non-interactive password authentications without password tables

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The authors propose a noninteractive password authentication scheme. The scheme simply discards the use of verification tables. The legitimacy of the login user can be validated easily by anyone inside the system. However, no one can masquerade as a legitimate user even though he intercepts the previous login password. The security of the scheme is equivalent to that of Shamir's signature scheme. It can withstand the attack of replaying a previously intercepted login request.< >
Mulberroside a protects against ischemic impairment in primary culture of rat cortical neurons after oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reperfusion

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Mulberroside A is a natural polyhydroxylated stilbene compound present at relatively high abundance in the roots and twigs of Morus alba L. It is known for its nephroprotective, hypoglycemic, and antidiabetic effects. Because its metabolite, oxyresveratrol, possessed purported anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, we proposed that mulberroside A may elicit neuroprotective effects that can be used in the treatment of brain ischemic injury. Therefore, we decided to investigate the pharmacological properties of mulberroside A in primary culture of rat cortical neurons after oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reperfusion (OGD/R), evaluating its ability to counteract the hypoxia-ischemia impairment. The results showed that mulberroside A elicited neuroprotective effects comparable to nimodipine. The mechanistic studies showed that mulberroside A decreased the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 and inhibited the activation of NALP3, caspase-1, and nuclear factor-κB and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases, the c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38, exhibiting anti-inflammatory antiapoptotic effects. Our results also further demonstrate that the proinflammatory cytokines of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α are promising targets for treatment of cerebral ischemic injury. Although further investigation is required for its development, all of these findings led us to speculate that mulberroside A is a candidate for the treatment of ischemic stroke, which would act as a multifactorial neuroprotectant.
ESL-IC-09/11-25 DYNAMIC THERMAL MODELING OF A RADIANT PANELS SYSTEM AND ITS ENVIRONMENT FOR COMMISSIONING: APPLICATION TO CASE STUDY

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

As a part of a commissioning study, the cooling ceiling system of a large commercial building located in Belgium is evaluated. A representative office has been instrumented and data on the cooling ceiling system operating in real conditions have been collected. The simulation of the whole system is performed by means of a dynamic thermal model of the building and its HVAC system. The model considers the radiant panels as a dynamic-state finned heat exchanger connected to a simplified lumped dynamic model of the building. The behavior of the radiant ceiling system and the interactions with his environment (walls, ventilated façade, internal loads and ventilation system) has been experimentally and numerically evaluated. Commissioning test results show that the influence of surfaces temperatures inside the room, especially the façade, is considerable. Then, it is clear that the radiant ceiling system must be evaluated together with its designed environment and not as separate HVAC equipment.
Is Islam Bad for Business?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this beautifully crafted book, Timur Kuran provides a remarkably rich analysis of how Islamic law impeded economic progress in the Middle East and North Africa. Kuran's views are fresh and powerful, and they are subtle. He does not claim that Islamic law was generally bad for economic activity. He does not claim that prohibitions on interest denied credit to merchants or entrepreneurs. Nor does he claim that predation by absolutist states blocked capitalist accumulation or inhibited commerce.
The first complete mastodonsauroid skull from the Triassic of China:Yuanansuchus laticeps gen. et sp. nov.

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The stereospondyl amphibians were distributed worldwide during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic, but have been poorly documented in China. Only fragmentary fossils have been reported from the northern part of China (Sun et al., 1992), and the two named taxa of Chinese Triassic stereospondyls, ‘Parotosaurus’ turfanensis (see Young, 1966) and Bogdania fragmenta (see Young, 1978), were referred to the capitosauroids as nomina dubia by Lucas and Hunt (1993). Based on a nearly complete skull specimen, we here report a new mastodonsauroid, Yuanansuchus laticeps, gen. et sp. nov., from the Xinlingzhen Formation of Hubei Province, China. This specimen is referred to the Mastodonsauroidea (as defined by Damiani, 2001; equals Capitosauroidea plus Benthosuchidae of Schoch and Milner, 2000) based on the following features: preorbital region very flat, without lateral slope; presence of deeply incised otic notches on rear border of skull; supratemporal bone excluded from border of otic notch; presence of lacrimal bone and Z-shaped lacrimal flexure; no area asperate on palate bones; transverse row of teeth posterior to apertura praemaxillaris; stout palatine ramus of pterygoid contacting palatine. The taxon differs from all other mastodonsauroids in its truncated skull shape, with a width greater than length. Our phylogenetic analysis regards Yuanansuchus as the sister taxon of the Eocyclotosaurus-Quasicyclotosaurus clade, a result consistent with traditional biostratigraphic study. The living environment of this animal was likely a river delta. Abbreviation—IVPP, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
A Definition, Classification, and Report on Rural Civil Organization in China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article explores a definition and typology of rural civil organization and proceeds with an analysis of several of the most active types. Its discussion departs from a broadly-used definition of “civil organizations” into an explanation of “rural civil organization”. Next, it applies a classification system based on three parameters: civil organization-State relationship; civil organization-members relationship; and models for satisfying members’ needs. Finally, it introduces recent developments from the most important important types of rural civil organization.
The application of virtual bronchoscopy in the evaluation of hemoptysis: comparative evaluation with real fiberoptic bronchoscopy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Several applications of virtual bronchoscopy (VB) have been described the last three years (1997-2000), but none in patients with hemoptysis. To evaluate the diagnostic aid it might offer, the authors applied VB in patients with hemoptysis and normal or nonlocalising chest X-rays. 16 patients, smokers and nonsmokers, aged 41-77, underwent both fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) and thin section of 3 mm helical computed tomography (CT) of the thorax with simultaneous administration of contrast material. The data were then reconstructed using a virtual endoscopy software system and the results of both methods were evaluated in a double blind fashion. The CT followed with virtual bronchoscopy reconstruction showed bronchiectasis in 6 patients, consolidation in another 6, with generalized stenosis of bronchi in 2 of them and normal findings in 4 of them. The FOB revealed no abnormality in 10 pts (those with no findings in CT, 4 with consolidation and 2 with bronchiectasis in CT), submocosal oedema in 2 (with stenosis in VB) and nonspecific mucosal findings in 4 patients (2 of them had no findings in CT and the other 2 had bronchiectasis). Although FOB is considered as necessary to exclude endobronchial tumor, it was of no value in the authors' patients. If the sensitivity of VB is to be as high in a large number of patients, VB may be proved as a precious potential screening test in patients with hemoptysis able to make the invasive FOB unnecessary in a significant percentage of them.
Local boundedness of solutions to nonlocal equations modeled on the fractional p-Laplacian

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We state and prove estimates for the local boundedness of subsolutions of non-local, possibly degenerate, parabolic integro-differential equations of the form \begin{equation*} \partial_tu(x,t)+\mbox{P.V.}\int\limits_{\mathbb R^n}K(x,y,t) |u(x,t)-u(y,t) |^{p-2}(u(x,t)-u(y,t))\, dy,\end{equation*} $(x,t)\in\mathbb R^n\times\mathbb R$, where $\mbox{P.V.} $ means in the principle value sense, $p\in (1,\infty)$ and the kernel obeys $K(x,y,t)\approx |x-y |^{n+ps}$ for some $s\in (0,1)$, uniformly in $(x,y,t)\in\mathbb R^n\times \mathbb R^n\times\mathbb R$.
Clinicians’ Expectations and Early Experiences of a New Comprehensive Rehabilitation Case Management Model in a Specialist Brain Injury Rehabilitation Unit

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This article presents early findings from the implementation and ongoing evaluation of a new model of care that employs a comprehensive approach to rehabilitation case management for clients with traumatic brain injury, with the aim of improving transition from inpatient rehabilitation to community settings. The evaluation explores the design, implementation, utility and acceptability of the new model using clinicians’ perceptions and experiences. Method: The evaluation framework employs a participatory evaluation approach, drawing on semistructured interview data. Interviews were conducted with brain injury unit clinicians, rehabilitation case managers and external stakeholders at the model's implementation and four months later, as part of a 12-month evaluation period. The data were descriptively organised, then coded and subjected to interpretative analysis to identify key issues. Results: Early findings suggest that the new model provides increased consistency for staff, clients and carers; promotes efficiency in discharge planning and facilitates a more streamlined and seamless transition between inpatient rehabilitation and community services. Data gathered across the remainder of the implementation trial will extend understanding of this comprehensive rehabilitation case management model and its potential utility in other services and settings.
Management Strategies and Policy Initiatives for Bridging Gender Gap in Science and Technology Education on Nigerian Higher Institutions of Learning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Education is an essential instrument for the empowerment of girls and women. In the same manner, quality education designed for women and girls immediate and strategic needs, builds their capacities and prepares them to occupy positions and creates opportunities for them in the public and private sectors in every society. The Millenium Development Goals (2000), the Education for All (1990), Dakar (2000) and the Beijing Platform as well as the most recent Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have consistently placed emphasis on the importance of education in promoting gender equality and advancement of women. In Nigeria, as in many developing economies, there is a gender gap in science and technology education with girl-child and women at a disadvantage state; this has led successive governments to introduce some interventions to address the issue at the basic, secondary and tertiary levels of education. Although, Nigeria educational reform as stated in the National Economic Empowerment and Development strategy (NEEDs) document also shows considerable focus on girls higher education but one can say that up till now, a lot of Nigerian girls and women unlike their male counterparts are still not enrolled at the tertiary level. The paper examined issues relating to gender disparities and participation in science and technology education with a view to developing a model towards reducing the observed gender gap in higher institutions of learning in Nigeria. The paper also proposes the management strategies and policy initiatives that can be adopted to bridge the existing gender gap in science and technology education in order to achieve gender equity.
Mental Health Burden After Injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Assess the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after injury and their association with long-term functional outcomes. Background: Mental health disorders (MHD) after injury have been associated with worse long-term outcomes. However, prior studies almost exclusively focused on PTSD. Methods: Trauma patients with an injury severity score ≥9 treated at 3 Level-I trauma centers were contacted 6–12 months post-injury to screen for anxiety (generalized anxiety disorder-7), depression (patient health questionnaire-8), PTSD (8Q-PCL-5), pain, and functional outcomes (trauma quality of life instrument, and short-form health survey)). Associations between mental and physical outcomes were established using adjusted multivariable logistic regression models. Results: Of the 531 patients followed, 108 (20%) screened positive for any MHD: of those who screened positive for PTSD (7.9%, N = 42), all had co-morbid depression and/or anxiety. In contrast, 66 patients (12.4%) screened negative for PTSD but positive for depression and/or anxiety. Compared to patients with no MHD, patients who screened positive for PTSD were more likely to have chronic pain {odds ratio (OR): 8.79 [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.21, 24.08]}, functional limitations [OR: 7.99 (95% CI: 3.50, 18.25)] and reduced physical health [ β : −9.3 (95% CI: −13.2, −5.3)]. Similarly, patients who screened positive for depression/anxiety (without PTSD) were more likely to have chronic pain [OR: 5.06 (95% CI: 2.49, 10.46)], functional limitations [OR: 2.20 (95% CI: 1.12, 4.32)] and reduced physical health [ β : −5.1 (95% CI: −8.2, −2.0)] compared to those with no MHD. Conclusions: The mental health burden after injury is significant and not limited to PTSD. Distinguishing among MHD and identifying symptom-clusters that overlap among these diagnoses, may help stratify risk of poor outcomes, and provide opportunities for more focused screening and treatment interventions.
Anorectic effect of SK & F 38393, a new dopamine agonist in rats.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Anorectics are clinically used in the management of obesity to accept dietary restriction through decreased desire of food intake. The present study, indicates that the drug SK & F 38393 a dopamine agonist given to albino rats at the doses of 1 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg caused decreased food intake. Central side effects observed with amphetamine and other related drugs were not observed with this drug. The drug thus may be used as an anorectic agent without central side effects.
Drug Testing in the Workplace

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Congress passed the Drug‐Free Workplace Act in April 1988, which resulted in the Mandatory Guidelines for Federal Workplace Drug Testing Programs. The intent was to establish a substance‐free work environment for all federal workers by requiring that all federal employees pass a urine drug test before employment. These guidelines specifically, and exclusively, focus on testing urine specimens for metabolites of marijuana, cocaine, phencyclidine, opiates (focusing on heroin metabolites), and amphetamines (including Ecstasy). Since then, there have been many scientific, technical, and legal challenges to the validity of urine drug testing. In response, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, a division operating under the executive branch of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, put forth, through many revisions, strict procedural guidelines and specimen validity‐testing criteria to manage suspicious or adulterated samples during and after urine collection. This review focuses on the legal ramifications, the procedural process, and the sensitivity and specificity of the two urine drug tests used for workplace drug testing: immunoassay and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Moreover, we dissect the problematic issue of cross‐sensitivity between illicit and prescription drugs, and how this affects the validity of future urine drug testing.
SAS4A simulation of the OPERA-15 two-dimensional voiding experiment. [LMFBR]

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

A major effort is currently being pursued to validate the SAS4A LMFBR accident analysis code. Part of this effort involves SAS4A analysis of both in-pile and out-of-pile safety experiments. Such an experiment is the fifteen-pin Out-of-Pile Explusion and Reentry Apparatus (OPERA) test run at Argonne National Laboratory. This test uses a fifteen-pin triangular-shaped bundle of simulant fuel pins to demonstrate two-dimensional voiding behavior in a LMFBR subassembly during a Loss-of-Flow (LOF) accident. This experiment was chosen for SAS4A analysis both for its value in code validation and its usefulness in evaluating the limitations of the one-dimensional SAS4A sodium voiding model in accident analysis.