jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Standardizing reverberation-measured C IV time-lag quasars, and using them with standardized Mg II quasars to constrain cosmological parameters

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We use 38 C IV quasar (QSO) reverberation-mapped (RM) observations, which span eight orders of magnitude in luminosity and the redshift range $0.001064 \leq z \leq 3.368$, to simultaneously constrain cosmological-model and QSO radius-luminosity ($R-L$) relation parameters in six cosmological models, using an improved technique that more correctly accounts for the asymmetric errors bars of the time-lag measurements. We find that $R-L$ relation parameters are independent of the cosmological models used in the analysis and so the $R-L$ relation can be used to standardize the C IV QSOs. The C IV QSO cosmological constraints are consistent with those from Mg II QSOs, allowing us to derive joint C IV + Mg II QSO cosmological constraints which are consistent with currently accelerated cosmological expansion, as well as consistent with cosmological constraints derived using better-established baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) and Hubble parameter [$H(z)$] measurements. When jointly analyzed with $H(z)$ + BAO data, current C IV + Mg II QSO data mildly tighten current $H(z)$ + BAO data cosmological constraints.
Menin Controls the Memory Th2 Cell Function by Maintaining the Epigenetic Integrity of Th2 Cells

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Posttranslational modifications of histones are well-established epigenetic modifications that play an important role in gene expression and regulation. These modifications are partly mediated by the Trithorax group (TrxG) complex, which regulates the induction or maintenance of gene transcription. We investigated the role of Menin, a component of the TrxG complex, in the acquisition and maintenance of Th2 cell identity using T cell–specific Menin-deficient mice. Our gene expression analysis revealed that Menin was involved in the maintenance of the high expression of the previously identified Th2-specific genes rather than the induction of these genes. This result suggests that Menin plays a role in the maintenance of Th2 cell identity. Menin directly bound to the Gata3 gene locus, and this Menin-Gata3 axis appeared to form a core unit of the Th2-specific gene regulatory network. Consistent with the phenotype of Menin-deficient Th2 cells observed in vitro, Menin deficiency resulted in the attenuation of effector Th2 cell–induced airway inflammation. In addition, in memory Th2 (mTh2) cells, Menin was found to play an important role in the maintenance of the expression of Th2-specific genes, including Gata3, Il4, and Il13. Consequently, Menin-deficient mTh2 cells showed an impaired ability to recruit eosinophils to the lung, resulting in the attenuation of mTh2 cell–induced airway inflammation. This study confirmed the critical role of Menin in Th2 cell–mediated immune responses.
Civil society's role in health system monitoring and strengthening : evidence from Khayelitsha, South Africa

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Historically in South Africa, civil society has played a key role within the health system, including advocating for equitable and quality health care services. The purpose of this research is to explore the implementation of a pilot health systems strengthening intervention in primary health facilities in Khayelitsha, South Africa. The study is built on Treatment Action Campaign, a civil society organization, which has recently implemented a health system monitoring tool within health care facilities in Khayelitsha. Specifically, this study considers the functioning and potential impact of the monitoring tool introduced as a community accountability mechanism at the local level. The development and implementation of the monitoring tool can also be seen as part of a policy implementation process. Methods: Using an action research approach, the researcher engaged with implementing actors in the development and implementation of the monitoring tool. Qualitative methods were used to explore: the understandings of various stakeholders about the tool, their interests or concerns, potential positions, power and influence on its implementation. Quantitative data allowed for the ability to track potential improvements in clinic performance in terms of operational research. The challenges during tool development and implementation and how these were overcome were also explored. Results: Analysis of the stakeholders demonstrated how actors exerted their power in various ways to influence the development and implementation of the tool. Results suggest it can be an empowering process for members of civil society and there is a role for civil society in improving health system performance. Findings have highlighted the need for civil society organization monitoring tools to be not only methodologically sound but, more importantly, accepted by the activist. If carefully considered and driven by civil society itself, rather than imposed, there does seem to be some tentative examples of service delivery improvement and scope for their engagement. Conclusions: The findings offer relevant and useful insights for understanding how this tool acts as an accountability mechanism at a local level within Khayelitsha sub-district. Such findings may have implications for further adaptations to the tool, potential scale-up by Treatment Action Campaign and for other low and middle income contexts.
Deep Learning Forecasting of Renewable Energy Generation Patterns

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, are unable to be integrated into present electrical infrastructures due to persistent issues with intermittency and unpredictability. Reliable load pattern forecasting for renewable energy sources and efficient energy storage use are essential for efficient power grid management. For renewable energy data, the intricacies that conventional forecasting techniques, such as autoregressive or statistical approaches, miss include nonlinearities, complicated dynamics, and strong temporal correlations. Forecasting the production of renewable energy sources accurately is therefore vital for optimizing energy storage use and maintaining system stability. This study proposes a CNN-LSTM architecture-integrated deep learning-based forecasting framework to enhance comprehension of the spatial feature representations and temporal correlations in energy and weather historical data. Using real-world wind and solar datasets, the hybrid CNN-LSTM model achieved a prediction accuracy that was 15-22% higher than that of baseline statistical and machine learning approaches such as Random Forest and ARIMA. Innovative dual-stage design combines optimum training approach for non-stationary renewable data with temporal-spatial feature learning to boost flexibility for grid-level deployment. The article also explores the possibilities of Transformers and federated learning frameworks for distributed renewable energy forecasting.
Physiological Systems and Their Responses to Conditions of Heat and Cold

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract : Individuals exercise and work in a wide range of environmental conditions. Depending on environmental conditions and a person's metabolic rate and clothing, exercise can accentuate heat gain or heat loss, causing body temperature to rise or fall. Healthy humans normally regulate body (core) temperatures near 37 deg. C at rest, and with environmental and/or exercise perturbations, body temperatures can fluctuate between 35 deg. C and 41 deg. C without adverse health consequences. Fluctuations outside that range can be associated with morbidity and mortality. In this chapter, the term exercise refers to dynamic exercise, and training refers to repeated days of exercise in a specific modality leading to adaptations. The term stress refers to environmental and/or exercise conditions that tend to influence the body's heat content, and strain refers to the physiologtc consequences of stress. The magnitude of stress and the resulting strain depend on a complex interaction among environmental factors (e.g., ambient conditions) and the individual's biologic characteristics (e.g. acclimatization status and body size) and activity level (e.g., metabolic rate and duration). The term acclimatization refers to adaptations to both natural (acclimatization) and artificial (acclimation) environmental conditions. In this chapter, we examine the effects of both heat stress and cold stress on physiologic responses and exercise capabilities. Human thermoregulation during exercise is addressed, but more detailed reviews on this process during environmental stress can be found elsewhere. This chapter reviews the physiology. needs, and assessmem of human water and electrolyte balance. The extent to which water and electrolyte imbalances affect temperature regulation and exercise performance are also considered. This chapter includes information on the pathogenesis of exertional heat illness and hypothermia, since exercise can increase morbidity and mortality from thermal injury.
Quantum Indeterminism and First Passage Random Walks in Hilbert Space

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We propose a new model for a measurement of a characteristic of a microscopic quantum state by a large system that selects stochastically the different eigenstates with appropriate quantum weights. Unlike previous works which formulate a modified Schrödinger equation or an explicit modified Hamiltonian, or more complicated mechanisms for reduction and decoherence to introduce transition to classical stochasticity, we propose the novel use of couplings to the environment, and random walks in the product Hilbert space of the combined system, with first passage stopping rules, which seem intuitively simple, as quantum weights and related stochasticity is a commonality that must be preserved under the widest range of applications, independent of the measured quantity and the specific properties of the measuring device.
AKSI BOIKOT PAJAK MENURUT HUKUM ISLAM

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract: Tax Boycott According to Islamic law. Taxes are the largest source of state revenue. Budget development and government operations have a heavy reliance on taxes. However, in tax management is often found in cases involving criminal tax among other tax officials. This has led to the decline in public confidence in the tax administration and thus creating a discourse of boycott taxes. This tax boycott called by various groups, individuals, community leaders, Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) to religious organizations. This paper discusses the boycott of the tax according to Islamic law. The first thing to be discussed is how the legality of the tax and the historical development of various charges in Islam. A study on the boycott taxes according to Islamic law is used mursalah mashlahah theory and sadd al-dzari'ah. Keywords: Taxation, Islamic Law, Mashlahat, Sadd al-dzari'ah, State Abstrak: Aksi Boikot Pajak Menurut Hukum Islam. Pajak merupakan sumber pendapatan negara terbesar. Anggaran pembangunan dan operasional pemerintahan mempunyai ketergantungan yang besar pada pajak. Namun dalam pengelolaan pajak seringkali ditemukan kasus pidana pajak yang melibatkan antara lain pegawai pajak. Hal ini menimbulkan turunnya kepercayaan publik terhadap pengelolaan pajak sehingga lahirlah wacana aksi boikot pajak. Aksi boikot pajak ini diserukan oleh berbagai kalangan, baik individu, tokoh masyarakat, Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat (LSM) sampai organisasi keagamaan. Tulisan ini membahas aksi boikot pajak tersebut menurut hukum Islam. Hal pertama yang dibahas adalah bagaimana legalitas pajak dan sejarah perkembangan berbagai pungutan di dalam Islam. Kajian tentang aksi boikot pajak menurut hukum Islam ini menggunakan teori mashlahah mursalah dan sadd al-dzari’ah. Kata Kunci: Pajak, Hukum Islam, Mashlahat, Sadd al-Dzari’ah, NegaraDOI:10.15408/sjsbs.v1i1.1529
Extendibility of polynomials and analytic functions on lp

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We prove that extendible 2-homogeneous polynomials on spaces with cotype 2 are integral. This allows us to find examples of approximable non-extendible polynomials on $\ell _{p}$ $(1\leq p<\infty )$ of any degree. We also exhibit non-nuclear extendible po
Some Observations on the Theory of Perception

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In 1927 Parsons published his Introduction to the Theory of Perception with a view to formulating a working hypothesis. This book has played a large part in moulding my outlook upon psychological matters, and I should like to take this opportunity of making a few observations, even although they may not be wholly in accord with Parsons's opinions. But before going on to consider his view-point, perhaps it would be best if we started off by considering what is stated in a standard psychiatry text-book upon the subject of perception.
College-Going in the Era of High Expectations: Racial/Ethnic Disparities in College Enrollment, 2006 to 2015

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Adolescents with high educational expectations are more likely to enroll in college. Although most adolescents today report high educational expectations, there remains important racial/ethnic heterogeneity in college enrollment patterns. In particular, at every level of socioeconomic status, minority youth have higher educational expectations than their white peers yet enroll in college at lower rates. The rapidly increasing size and college enrollment of the Hispanic population motivate renewed examination of the expectation-enrollment relationship. Using data from the Education Longitudinal Study (ELS) and the High School Longitudinal Study (HSLS), the author examines whether the relationship between adolescent educational expectations and enrollment in a four-year college within two years of high school graduation differs by race/ethnicity and whether this relationship changed over time. The author finds that the expectation-enrollment relationship is positive for all students but is smaller for black and Hispanic students in the ELS cohort. However, by the HSLS cohort, the gaps have largely closed.
THE EFFECT OF DISSOLVED SUBSTANCES ON THE VELOCITY OF CRYSTALLIZATION OF WATER. II. THE EXISTENCE OF HYDRATES IN SOLUTION AS AN EXPLANATION OF THE RETARDING EFFECT OF THE SOLUTE ON THE VELOCITY OF CRYSTALLIZATION OF WATER.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE EFFECT OF DISSOLVED SUBSTANCES ON THE VELOCITY OF CRYSTALLIZATION OF WATER. II. THE EXISTENCE OF HYDRATES IN SOLUTION AS AN EXPLANATION OF THE RETARDING EFFECT OF THE SOLUTE ON THE VELOCITY OF CRYSTALLIZATION OF WATER.James H. Walton and Albert BrannCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1916, 38, 6, 1161–1166Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1916Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1916https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja02263a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02263a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views28Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Effect of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Flowers Extract on the Apoptosis of Fibroblast Proliferation in Keloids

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Keloid is a benign fibroproliferative dermal disorder as a result of dysregulation wound healing process in susceptible individuals. The pathogenesis is not clearly known yet, but upregulation of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) was found to have a significant role in inducing hyperproliferation of fibroblast cells. Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) flower extract has been found to have high content of polyphenols. Some studies have shown inhibition effect of H. sabdariffa polyphenols extract on TGF-β1, and as result affects fibroblast proliferation. Therefore, roselle flower extract might have a significant role in the prevention of keloid formation. AIM: The objective of the study was to determine the effect of roselle flower extract on fibroblast cells proliferation in human keloid. METHODS: An experimental controlled trial of 10 different concentrations (1.96 μg/ml, 3.91 μg/ml, 7.81 μg/ml, 15.63 μg/ml, 31.25 μg/ml, 62.50 μg/ml, 125 μg/ml, 250 μg/ml, 500 μg/ml, and 1000 μg/ml) of roselle (H. sabdariffa L.) flower extract was done on cultured fibroblast cells originated from human keloid biopsied tissue. Tunnel assay was done to evaluate the apoptosis rate of the cultured fibroblast cells on each concentration. Determination of TGF-β1 titer of the cultured human keloid fibroblast cells in and cytotoxicity assay of the extract on cultured normal human fibroblast cells in each concentration were done with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. All the assays were done in triple repetition. Statistical analysis using linear regression test was done to determine the association between the concentration of roselle flower extract with apoptosis rate and TGF-β1 titer. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the results of cytotoxicity assay. RESULTS: Apoptosis rate of the cultured fibroblast cells was found to be increased dose dependently with roselle flower extract concentration (r2 = 0.797; p < 0.05). TGF-β1 titer was inversely related with the extract concentration (r2 = 0.501; p < 0.05). Cytotoxicity assay revealed that no differences in absorbance value and viability cells were found in each concentration. CONCLUSION: Roselle (H. sabdariffa L.) flower extract was found to induce apoptosis of the cultured fibroblast cells and reduction of TGF-β1 titer in dose-dependent pattern, without cytotoxicity effect against human fibroblast cells.
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in 2954 COVID‐19 Adult Survivors: A Comprehensive Systematic Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Recent studies have utilized MRI to determine the extent to which COVID‐19 survivors may experience cardiac sequels after recovery. Purpose To systematically review the main cardiac MRI findings in COVID‐19 adult survivors. Study type Systematic review. Subjects A total of 2954 COVID‐19 adult survivors from 16 studies. Field Strength/sequence Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), parametric mapping (T1‐native, T2, T1‐post (extracellular volume fraction [ECV]), T2‐weighted sequences (myocardium/pericardium), at 1.5 T and 3 T. Assessment A systematic search was performed on PubMed, Embase, and Google scholar databases using Boolean operators and the relevant key terms covering COVID‐19, cardiac injury, CMR, and follow‐up. MRI data, including (if available) T1, T2, extra cellular volume, presence of myocardial or pericardial late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and left and right ventricular ejection fraction were extracted. Statistical Tests The main results of the included studies are summarized. No additional statistical analysis was performed. Results Of 1601 articles retrieved from the initial search, 12 cohorts and 10 case series met our eligibility criteria. The rate of raised T1 in COVID‐19 adult survivors varied across studies from 0% to 73%. Raised T2 was detected in none of patients in 4 out of 15 studies, and in the remaining studies, its rate ranged from 2% to 60%. In most studies, LGE (myocardial or pericardial) was observed in COVID‐19 survivors, the rate ranging from 4% to 100%. Myocardial LGE mainly had nonischemic patterns. None of the cohort studies observed myocardial LGE in “healthy” controls. Most studies found that patients who recovered from COVID‐19 had a significantly greater T1 and T2 compared to participants in the corresponding control group. Data Conclusion Findings of MRI studies suggest the presence of myocardial and pericardial involvement in a notable number of patients recovered from COVID‐19. Level of Evidence 3 Technical Efficacy Stage 3
Wideband reflectarrays using artificial impedance surfaces

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The gain bandwidth of a microstrip reflectarray can be substantially improved by replacing the usual layer of near-resonant patches with a simple artificial impedance surface consisting of closely spaced electrically small patches on a grounded dielectric substrate. It is shown that this approach can lead to reflectarray gain bandwidths (1 dB) in excess of 20% with a single layer of printed elements.
FRAGMENTATION PROCESSES IN HIGH ENERGY PARTICLE REACTIONS WITH NUCLEI

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Because the deBroglie wavelength associated with particles of 10/sup 2/ to 10/sup 4/ Mev and higher energies is significantly smaller than the size of the nucleus, it appears that the vestigation of the motion of such particles within the nucleus and their collisions with individual nucleons of the nucleus should be straightforward. However, the presence of excited states of the bound nucleons shows that there exist quantum rules for the preferred collision energies and consequently the mean free path of the fast particles in the nucleus is subject to these constraints. The result of the bombarding particles interacting with the bound nucleons gives rise to a cascade of fast protons and neutrons within the nucleus, and at higher bombarding energies, pi mesons together with residual nuclei in excited states. The magnitude of the excitation energy is limited by the properties of cascade decay within the nucleus and can range from a small part to all of the energy of the bombarding particles. The reaction products can therefore follow two general descents: particles being knocked out from the nuclei during the development of a cascade, or heavily charged particles being emitted during the decay of the excited states of the residualmore » nuclei (fragmentation). Conditions necessary for fragmentation, fragment structure, energy and angular distribution, properties of the residual nucleus after fragment emission, and possible fragmentation mechanisms are presented in turn. (123 references). (TTT)« less
Leadership and Moral Stress: Individual Reaction Patterns among First Responders in Acute Situations that Involve Moral Stressors

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The aim was to gain a deeper understanding of individual reaction patterns among professional first responders (emergency treatment, military officers, and police officers) during and after acute situations that involve moral stressors in combination with cumulative stress. Swedish and Norwegian informants within these professional groups were interviewed (n=37). Data were analyzed according to a grounded theory approach. A model was developed according to which long-term effects following such stress exposure depends on the character of the continued everyday living. In particular, the frequency and intensity of perceived daily hassles and uplifts is important. Cognitivebehavioral aspects are discussed to prevent and/or reduce negative long-term reactions.