jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Potential for biocontrol of Silybum marianum (variegated thistle): 2. Literature search and prioritisation of biocontrol agents

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner (variegated thistle, milk thistle) is one of the worst weeds of hill country pasture in the east coast regions of New Zealand. A recent field survey in New Zealand found low levels of attack from generalist herbivores and minimal attack by the specialist weevil, Rhinocyllus conicus (Frölich). In the native range of Europe there are at least 41 insects and 12 fungi sufficiently specialised to be considered for biocontrol. The literature search revealed some potential biocontrol agents not known during the historical biocontrol surveys for S. marianum. These include the specialised biotypes of the tephritid fly, Terellia fuscicornis Loew, and the seedhead weevil, Larinus latus Herbst. The literature search also revealed the discovery of the stem-galling cynpid wasps, Aulacidea freesei Nieves-Aldrey and Phanacis zwoelferi Nieves-Aldrey, that are likely specific to S. marianum. The discovery of the smut fungus, Microbotryum silybum Vanky & Berner, host specific to Silybum species, is another promising biocontrol candidate. A shortlist of nine priority agents (eight insects and one fungal pathogen) were selected based on reported affinity for S. marianum, evidence for impact on the weed, and niches attacked. In the case of S. marianum, there are sufficiently specialised agents that attack several niches, including seeds, stems, and the root or root collar. Testing for complementary agents that attack different niches is likely to improve the chance of successful biocontrol. It is recommended that S. marianum be considered a priority target for classical biocontrol in New Zealand.
Shear bond strength of rebonded orthodontic attachments using self-etching primers

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The purposes were to evaluate the difference in SBS of bonding and rebonding orthodontic attachments when using a CEP compared to a SEP and to evaluate if re-etching is necessary prior to rebonding with either a CEP or a SEP. Orthodontic metal buttons were bonded to extracted human molars according to 4 protocols: In Group A, teeth were bonded with the CEP for the first and second bondings. In Group B, teeth were bonded with the CEP for the first bonding but re-etching was omitted for the second bonding. In Group C, teeth were bonded with the SEP for both bondings. In Group D, teeth were bonded with the SEP for the first bonding but re-etching was omitted for the second bonding. The SBSs when the SEP was used for the first bonding were significantly lower (P<0.001; 10.65 ± 4.33 MPa) than when the CEP was used (14.04 ± 3.51 MPa). The second bonding omitting re-etching but still using the primer and adhesive generated significantly lower SBSs (P<0.001; 9.07 ± 4.53 MPa) than when re-etching was used (14.66 ± 3.70 MPa), but still above the "clinically acceptable" standard of 6-8 MPa for in vitro SBS testing. The second bonding SBS omitting re-etching and not using any primer or adhesive was very low (2.61 ± 2.34 MPa) and would definitely negatively effect the outcome of orthodontic bonding clinically. When rebonding a bracket, re-etching may be omitted but a primer and adhesive must be applied to obtain a "clinically acceptable" SBS.
Memory for polarization state of light based on atomic frequency comb in a 153Eu:Y2SiO5 crystal

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this work we realize an optical memory for polarization state of light that is based on atomic frequency comb protocol in a 153 Eu:Y 2 SiO 5 crystal. In order to compensate for the absorption and refraction anisotropy of the crystal we use a setup with multiple passes through the sample with intermediary rotation of polarization. We obtain memory efficiency of ∼25% with a storage time of ∼165 ns and fidelity of over 85%.
Crossings and Nestings for Arc-Coloured Permutations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The equidistribution of many crossing and nesting statistics exists in several combinatorial objects like matchings, set partitions, permutations, and embedded labelled graphs. The involutions switching nesting and crossing numbers for set partitions given by Krattenthaler, also by Chen, Deng, Du, Stanley, and Yan, and for permutations given by Burrill, Mishna, and Post involved passing through tableau-like objects. Recently, Chen and Guo for matchings, and Marberg for set partitions extended the result to coloured arc annotated diagrams. We prove that symmetric joint distribution continues to hold for arc-coloured permutations. As in Marberg's recent work, but through a different interpretation, we also conclude that the ordinary generating functions for all $j$-noncrossing, $k$-nonnesting, $r$-coloured permutations according to size $n$ are rational functions. We use the interpretation to automate the generation of these rational series for both noncrossing and nonnesting coloured set partitions and permutations.
Modeling educational software for people with disabilities

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Interactive multimedia learning systems are not suitable for people with disabilities. They tend to propose interfaces which are not accessible for learners with vision or auditory disabilities. Modeling techniques are necessary to map real world experiences to virtual worlds by using 3D auditory representations of objects for blind people and visual representations for deaf people. In this paper we describe common aspects and differences in the process of modeling the real world for applications involving tests and evaluations of cognitive tasks with people with reduced visual or auditory cues. To validate our concepts, we examine two existing systems using them as examples: AudioDoom and Whisper. AudioDoom allows blind children to explore and interact with virtual worlds created with spatial sound. Whisper implements a workplace to help people with impaired auditory abilities to recognize speech errors. The new common model considers not only the representation of the real world as proposed by the system but also the modeling of the learner's knowledge about the virtual world. This can be used by the tutoring system to enable the learner to receive relevant feedback. Finally, we analyze the most important characteristics in developing systems by comparing and evaluating them and proposing some recommendations and guidelines.
Diagnostic performance of anthropometric indicators used to assess excess body fat in adolescence

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective: To compare the performance of anthropometric indicators that identify excess body fat (BF) in adolescents. Methods: This is a methodological study that used probability cluster sampling through school and class draws. Data collection included sociodemographic characteristics and anthropometric measures. Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), conicity index (C index), and waist circumference (WC) were calculated. Body fat percentage (BF%) was calculated from skinfold thickness and used as the gold standard. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, Student’s t-test, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, and Youden’s index were used, in addition to correlation coefficient calculation between the indicators and BF%. Results: A total of 997 adolescents enrolled in municipal secondary schools participated in the study. By calculating the BMI, we found that 10.6% of adolescents were overweight, and 4.7% were obese. BMI, WC, and WtHR had the highest accuracy to predict body fatness. All the anthropometric indicators had higher specificity than sensitivity to diagnose excess BF in males. WC had the highest sensitivity in both genders. C index had the smallest area under the ROC curve and the lowest sensitivity in both genders, but its specificity was equivalent to that of the other indicators. Conclusions: BMI, WtHR, and WC were the best anthropometric indicators to predict excess BF in adolescents and had the best correlation coefficients. These tools can be considered in the screening to detect excess BF in adolescents.
Cerebral Palsy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a motor disorder resulting from a non-progressive (static) insult to the developing brain. In fact, CP is a clinical presentation of a wide variety of cerebral cortical or sub-cortical insults occurring during the first year of life. Preterm infants are at the highest risk for developing CP. The vulnerable brain is harmed during a critical period of development primarily by known CNS complications of prematurity such as intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and periventicular leukomalacia (PVL). Children with CP suffer from multiple problems and potential disabilities that require the provision of family centered services that make a difference in the lives of these children and their families. The aim of this chapter is to provide an updated overview of CP and review the most recent advances on clinical and therapeutic interventions.
Model Predictive Control with Extrapolation Strategy for the Arm Current Commutation Control of Modular Multilevel Converter Operating in Quasi Two-Level Mode

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) have become an attractive topology for medium-voltage motor drive applications due to their modular construction and voltage scalability. The main drawback of using MMC to drive motors is the large voltage variation of submodule (SM) capacitors when the motor is running at a low speed with a large load torque condition. Operating in the quasi two-level mode of MMCs is an effective solution for such a problem. The arm current commutation control is the most important part for the operation of MMCs in the quasi two-level mode. This paper proposes a new current commutation method. The general idea is to use the delay control method to realize the arm current commutation. Therefore, the key point is to decide when to delay the operation of a submodule at each step during the commutation process. In this paper, the model predictive control (MPC) method with extrapolation technique has been used to determine whether to delay the SM at the present moment. Therefore, the waveforms of the two arms in the same phase may not be completely complementary throughout the whole commutation period. Due to such non-complementary PWMs, the currents between two arms can be exchanged.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement versus Medical Management among Patients with Aortic Stenosis and Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BackgroundThere is limited evidence regarding outcomes of patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) and concomitant left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD). We evaluated mortality in patients with severe AS and LVSD undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) compared with a matched medically managed cohort.MethodsWe studied 206 patients who underwent TAVR at Duke University and had a transthoracic echocardiogram within 6 months prior to the procedure and a matched medically managed historical cohort (n = 206). All TAVR patients were matched 1:1 by AS resting mean gradient and/or peak velocity, age, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and EuroSCORE. We used Cox multivariable modeling to assess the relationship between TAVR and all-cause mortality. Two survival analyses were completed to evaluate mortality—first in patients with LVEF≤ 35% and then with LVEF≤ 35% versus 36–50%.ResultsThe median age of patients was 82 (IQR 76–86). Patients who underwent TAVR were more likely to be male, have a history of ischemic heart disease, renal insufficiency, heart failure and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) (all p < 0.05). TAVR was associated with mortality reduction compared with medical management (HR 0.31, 95%CI 0.21–0.45, p < 0.0001), which persisted after multivariable adjustment (HR 0.26, 95%CI 0.18–0.39, p < 0.0001). After adjustment, TAVR provided a larger estimated decrease in mortality risk in patients with LVEF> 35% (HR 0.23, 95%CI 0.15–0.35), than in patients with LVEF≤ 35% (HR 0.60, 95%CI 0.23–1.52, p-interaction = 0.0605).ConclusionCompared with medical management, TAVR is associated with longer survival in all patients, including those with LVSD. TAVR should be explored further as a therapeutic option in this patient population.
Amyloidogenesis in a Case of Cutaneous Amyloidosis: An Electron Microscopic Study Using the Refixation‐reembedding Method

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract A case of the hyperkeratotic type of macular amyloidosis was electron microscopically examined using the refixation‐reembedding method. All the cytoid bodies seen in the dermis were amyloid islets associated with malformed basal lamina‐like material. The uppermost amyloid islets were in close apposition to the basal cells, which had neither hemidesmosomes nor intact basal lamina. Anchoring fibril‐like filaments were seen between the amyloid islets and the basal lamina‐like material. Many fibrillar bodies and clusters were present in the spinous layer, but not in the dermis. Masses of eosinophilic, PAS‐positive ovoid bodies seen in the horny layer were tightly packed fibrillar bodies shifted from the spinous layer to the horny layer. These findings suggest that the disturbed basal cells produce an amyloid substance in the dermis, as well as malformed basal lamina. The colloid bodies formed by the degeneration of the basal cells seemed to shift up to the horny layer but not to contribute to the amyloidogenesis in this case.
Study on deliberate hypotension of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride in patients undergoing spinal surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the safety and feasibility of deliberate hypotension with dexmedetomidine hydrochloride ,as well as the effects on cerebral oxygen metabolism and postoperative cognitive function. Methods Sixty patients who underwent posterior lumbar interbody fusion were randomly divided into group D and group N,30 in each group. Both groups were anesthetized with same methods. In group D, intravenous administration of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride 0.5μg/kg followed by reduce the MAP to 30%, which was maintained for 70 minutes. Record MAP, HR,ECG,BIS,SEVO%,and arterial blood samples and jugular blood samples were taken synchronously for measuring blood gas,MMSE were recorded before and after operation .Reaulta Compared with N group,heart rate of D group decreased significantly from time T2 to T5 (P＜0.05), the mean arterial pressure in group D was increased at T5 and increased at T6(P＜0.05). The level of CERO2 and MMSE showed no significant change(P＞0.05).C onclusions The patients of deliberate hypotension with dexmedetomidine hydrochloride was safe and feasible. It had no effect on the cerebral oxygen metabolism and postoperative cognitive function.

Key words:
Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride; Deliberate hypotension; Cerebral oxygen metabolism
Variability in Antibiotic Use Across Nursing Homes and the Risk of Antibiotic-Related Adverse Outcomes for Individual Residents

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Antibiotic use is highly variable across nursing homes; residents of high-use homes are exposed to an increased risk of antibiotic-related harms even if they have not directly received these agents. Antibiotic stewardship is needed to improve the safety of all nursing home residents.
@flowersnflowers

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Welcome and Thank you for visiting Flowers & Flowers located in the heart of Darien, Connecticut. Our award winning designs and customer care are sure to delight. As florists in Darien, CT, we offer a wide variety of services including event planning to everyday floral arrangements. Explore and enjoy our site. We hope it inspires your creative side – we look forward to working with you.
JCSG – Adapting Structural Genomics to Eukaryotic Complexes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

For over a decade, the Joint Center for Structural Genomics (JCSG.org) has been at the forefront of developing tools and methodologies that enable the application of high-throughput structural biology (HTBSB) approaches to a broad range of challenging biological and biomedical problems. In PSI:Biology (2010-2015) to meet the challenges and embrace the opportunities that arise from our Partnerships projects, we have leveraged our gene-to-structure pipeline to explore challenging projects focused on structural characterization of interaction networks involved in stem cell regulation, T-cell activation and nuclear receptor signaling. These highly collaborative efforts have enabled development of systematic and integrative approaches for identifying and investigating networks of key multi-domain eukaryotic proteins and higher order assemblies of multi-component eukaryotic protein/protein and protein/nucleic acid complexes. In parallel, our biomedical theme project has focused on investigating host/microbe interactions of the microbial communities that inhabit specific niches and environments of the human body, e.g. the human gut microbiome. These efforts to date have been centered on secreted proteins from commensal bacteria in the human gut. The symbiotic relationship and influence on human development, physiology, immunity, and nutrition represent an exciting new frontier for HTBSB where we can investigate how these microorganisms contribute to human health as well as to disease. The JCSG also strives to promote widespread use of PSI resources, materials, methodologies and data to the general scientific community, via Community Nominated Target (CNT) projects and development and use of new technologies and methodologies. We also continue to contribute to the original PSI mission of structural coverage of the expanding protein universe. Supported by NIH U54-GM094586.
Comparative redox proteomics to investigate role of Nox mediated redox signaling in Fusarium graminearum pathogenesis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fusarium graminearum causes Fusarium Head Blight, (one of) the most destructive cereal diseases in Canada. Yield loss, quality degradation and mycotoxin production make Fusarium a multifaceted threat. Regulated production of reactive oxygen species by Nox enzymes is indispensable for fungal pathogenesis. F. graminearum Nox mutant ∆noxAB produced equivalent mycotoxin but caused reduced virulence than wild-type. We hypothesized that Nox mediated redox signaling may participate in F. graminearum pathogenicity. Two-DE and gel-free biotin affinity chromatography, followed by LC-MS/MS analysis were employed for a comparative redox-proteomics analysis between wild-type and ∆noxAB to identify proteins oxidized by Nox activity. Total 35 proteins, 10 by 2-DE and 29 by gel-free system, were identified. 34% proteins participated in fungal metabolism, 20% in electron transfer reactions and 9% were anti-oxidant proteins. The findings suggested that Nox mediated thiol-disulfide exchange in proteins provide a switch for redox-dependent regulation of metabolic and developmental processes during induction of FHB.
Mechanisms of Iron Acquisition Employed by Neisseria Gonorrhoeae for Survival within Cervical Epithelial Cells

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Neisseria gonowhoeae has evolved a repertoire of high-affinity iron acquisition systems to facilitate essential iron uptake in the human host. Acquisition of iron requires both the energy-harnessing cytoplasmic membrane protein, TonB, as well as specific outer membrane TonB-dependent transporters (TdTs). The overall goal of this study was to investigate the extra- and intracellular iron acquisition mechanisms of N. gonorrhoeae and determine the role of the TonB and TdTs in this process.The ability of gonococci to acquire potential exogenous iron sources was determined by plate bioassay. Gonococcal growth was promoted by various catecholate and hydromate siderophores; however, growth was not dependent upon TonB expression.As all previously characterized siderophore-iron uptake is dependent upon this protein, apotential TonB-bypass mechanism is suggested.The role of the Ton system and TdTs in gonococcal survival within human cervicalepithelial cells was also determined for two gonococcal strains, FA1090 and MS 1 1. Wedemonstrate that intracellular survival of both strains was dependent upon host cell ironacquisition, yet the expression of the Ton system was only critical to the survival ofFA1090. One characterized difference between these two strains is possession of thegonococcal genetic island (GGI) which is present in approximately 80% of gonococcalstrains. This study demonstrates that the GGI provides a mechanism to bypassintracellular TonB-dependent iron acquisition.In the strain lacking the genetic island, none of the characterized TdTs provided abenefit to the gonococcus when grown intracellularly. However, expression of oneuncharacterized TdT, TdfF, was necessary for successful intracellular survival. To ourknowledge, this is the first demonstration of a specific requirement for a single irontransporter in the survival of a bacterial pathogen within host epithelial cells.In the GGI-containing strain, TonB function was not critical to survival withincervical epithelial calls. The presence of the GGI was associated with the ability to bypass TonB-dependant uptake. Specifically, this bypass mechanism was mediated bycomponents of the T4S machinery encoded by the GGI, and replication was directlyrelated to iron acquisition. To our knowledge, this study provides the first direct linkbetween bacterial iron acquisition and a type IV secretion system.
INSECT PESTS OF PIGEONPEA AND THEIR MANAGEMENT

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

▪ Abstract Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) is an important crop in semi-arid tropical and subtropical farming systems, providing high quality vegetable protein, animal feed, and firewood. Insect pests feeding on flowers, pods, and seeds are the most important biotic constraint affecting pigeonpea yields. This review summarizes the biology and ecology of the three most important groups of pests: flower- and pod-feeding Lepidoptera, pod-sucking Hemiptera, and seed-feeding Diptera and Hymenoptera. Recent research investigating the complex interactions among pigeonpea, its key pests, and their natural enemies is also reviewed. These relationships have implications on the pest status of individual species and on possible control strategies. Pigeonpea pest management research has focused until recently on the identification and development of resistant cultivars and on chemical control. Future research must focus on environmentally sound pest management strategies that are compatible with the needs and limitations of pigeonpea farmers. Several priority areas for research are suggested.