jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A statistical approach for assessing cyber risk via ordered response models

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Proper evaluation of the risk associated to a cyber attack is a crucial aspect for many companies. There is an increasing need to plan for and implement effective ways to address cyber security, data security, and privacy protection. Estimating the risk of a successful cyber attack is an important issue, since this type of threat is proliferating and thus poses increasing danger to companies and the customers who use their services. While quantitative loss data are rarely available, it is possible to obtain a qualitative evaluation on an ordinal scale of severity of cyber attacks from experts of the sector. Hence, it is natural to apply order response models for the analysis of cyber risk. In particular, we rely on cumulative link models. We explain the experts' assessment of the severity of a cyber attack as a function of a set of explanatory variables describing the characteristics of the attack under consideration. A measure of diffusion of the effects of the attacks obtained via the use of a network structure is also incorporated into the set of explanatory variables of the model. Along with the description of the methodology, we present a detailed analysis of a real data set that includes information on serious cyber attacks occurred worldwide in the period 2017–2018.
Strategies in the Promotion of Nursing as a Career among Second Level Students: An Irish Perspective

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The world is currently experiencing one of the worst nursing shortages in the last 50 years. The reasons are multi-faceted, however one factor is a lack of structured collaborative, promotional initiatives among career guidance counsellors (CGCs), universities and established health professionals. In order to enhance recruitment emphasis must be placed on developing innovative promotional initiatives, materials and events which accurately portray the role and function of the nurse in the 21st century. The aim of this study is to identify second level CGCs preferred strategies for the facilitation of accurate and current information on nursing as a career option. The results suggest that CGCs very frequently engage with students and their parents regarding nursing as a career and emphasise the need for increased collaboration between health care professionals and CGCs in the promotion of nursing as a career.
Discussion on TCM pathogenesis mechanism of perimenopausal coronary heart disease based on the estrogen

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The estrogen secretion declines with women entering into perimenopausal stage, as growth of age, the incidence of coronary heart disease is increasing. According to the specific physiological characteristics of perimenopausal women, it seems that the morbidity of perimenopausal coronary heart disease roots in the spleen and kidney, bases on the phlegm and blood stasis, changes on poison, developes from the liver, and it puts forward to the method about Yishen Jianpi, Huatan Quyu, Ziyin Jiedu and Tiaogan Tongluo to treat perimenopausal coronary heart disease.
To be attractive or to be authentic? How two competing motivations influence self-presentation in online dating

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Purpose This paper examines how and why online daters, differentiated by gender, strategically self-present in online dating profiles when pursuing two competing goals: attracting potential daters and avoiding detection as a liar. Design/methodology/approach A survey and a content analysis were employed to test four hypotheses. Findings The results revealed that seeking to project an attractive image in online dating was significantly associated with acquisitive self-presentation. The online daters adopted falsification more than any other strategies, and women were more likely than men to embellish their self-presentation, especially their physical appearance. Originality/value The findings clarify people's mate selection processes in light of the interpersonal deception theory (IDT) and the information manipulation theory (IMT) as well as take an evolutionary psychological perspective on computer-mediated communication. For practitioners, they provide a more nuanced picture of deceptive communication in online dating and, for online daters, can guide the adaptation of their online behaviors.
Transition Metal-Promoted LDH-Derived CoCeMgAlO Mixed Oxides as Active Catalysts for Methane Total Oxidation

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A series of M(x)CoCeMgAlO mixed oxides with different transition metals (M = Cu, Fe, Mn, and Ni) with an M content x = 3 at. %, and another series of Fe(x)CoCeMgAlO mixed oxides with Fe contents x ranging from 1 to 9 at. % with respect to cations, while keeping constant in both cases 40 at. % Co, 10 at. % Ce and Mg/Al atomic ratio of 3 were prepared via thermal decomposition at 750 °C in air of their corresponding layered double hydroxide (LDH) precursors obtained by coprecipitation. They were tested in a fixed bed reactor for complete methane oxidation with a gas feed of 1 vol.% methane in air to evaluate their catalytic performance. The physico-structural properties of the mixed oxide samples were investigated with several techniques, such as powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), elemental mappings, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature-programmed reduction under hydrogen (H2-TPR) and nitrogen adsorption–desorption at −196 °C. XRD analysis revealed in all the samples the presence of Co3O4 crystallites together with periclase-like and CeO2 phases, with no separate M-based oxide phase. All the cations were distributed homogeneously, as suggested by EDX measurements and elemental mappings of the samples. The metal contents, determined by EDX and ICP-OES, were in accordance with the theoretical values set for the catalysts’ preparation. The redox properties studied by H2-TPR, along with the surface composition determined by XPS, provided information to elucidate the catalytic combustion properties of the studied mixed oxide materials. The methane combustion tests showed that all the M-promoted CoCeMgAlO mixed oxides were more active than the M-free counterpart, the highest promoting effect being observed for Fe as the doping transition metal. The Fe(x)CoCeMgAlO mixed oxide sample, with x = 3 at. % Fe displayed the highest catalytic activity for methane combustion with a temperature corresponding to 50% methane conversion, T50, of 489 °C, which is ca. 40 °C lower than that of the unpromoted catalyst. This was attributed to its superior redox properties and lowest activation energy among the studied catalysts, likely due to a Fe–Co–Ce synergistic interaction. In addition, long-term tests of Fe(3)CoCeMgAlO mixed oxide were performed, showing good stability over 60 h on-stream. On the other hand, the addition of water vapors in the feed led to textural and structural changes in the Fe(3)CoCeMgAlO system, affecting its catalytic performance in methane complete oxidation. At the same time, the catalyst showed relatively good recovery of its catalytic activity as soon as the water vapors were removed from the feed.
Application of Nanomedicine in Diagnostic Technology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In both diagnoses and treatments of diseases, nanomaterials play a critical role. They can be used to detect and target specific cells and proteins in the body, and to deliver drugs and other therapeutic agents directly to these cells and proteins. Nanomaterials can also be used to create new diagnostic tools, such as sensors that can detect the presence of disease-causing agents in the body, and to develop new and more effective treatments for diseases. Nanomaterials have a number of advantages over traditional disease diagnostic methods. They are more sensitive, more specific, and more accurate. Nanomaterials can also be used to detect a wider range of diseases and conditions. Nanomaterials also have the potential to be used in drug delivery. Finally, nanomaterials are less expensive and easier to use than traditional methods. Nanomaterials have made some progress in medical diagnosis, especially in regard to the prevention and treatment of cancer. By using nanomaterials, doctors can detect cancer earlier and more accurately than ever before. Nanomaterials can also help doctors treat cancer more effectively, by killing the cancer cells and preventing them from spreading. In this paper, the characteristics of nanomaterials, the role of nanomaterials in the preparation of biosensors and nanoprobes, and some common nanoimaging techniques are reviewed.
Production of Xylooligosaccharides by Yeast Cell Surface-Displayed Endoxylanase.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The yeast surface expression system, pCTXYN (6.8 kb), of Bacillus endoxylanase gene (xynB, 642 bp) was constructed and introduced into Saccharomyces cerevisiae EBY100 cell. The transformed yeast cell showing the highest endoxylanase activity was selected through the active staining of colonies grown on YPDG medium containing xylan. With the yeast transformant, EBY100/pCTXYN, grown on galactose containing medium, it was found that the endoxylanase was successfully displayed on the yeast cell surface and the xylooligosaccharides were efficiently produced from xylan. The most of endoxylanase activity was detected in the cell fraction and reached about 1.9 unit/mL after 48 h cultivation. The optimized conditions for xylooligosaccharides production from xylan were determined as follows: substrate and its concentration, oat spelt xylan 6%; concentration of yeast whole-cell, 5 unit/mL; temperature, , and reaction time . When the oat spelts xylan and corncob xylan were hydrolyzed by treatment with cell surface-displayed endoxylanase, xylotriose was formed as a main product.
A Cost-Aware Multi-Agent System for Black-Box Design Space Exploration

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Effective coordination of design teams must account for the influence of costs incurred while searching for the best design solutions. This article introduces a cost-aware multi-agent system (MAS), a theoretical model to (1) explain how individuals in a team should search, assuming that they are all rational utility-maximizing decision-makers and (2) study the impact of cost on the search performance of both individual agents and the system. First, we develop a new multi-agent Bayesian optimization framework accounting for information exchange among agents to support their decisions on where to sample in search. Second, we employ a reinforcement learning approach based on the multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient for training MAS to identify where agents cannot sample due to design constraints. Third, we propose a new cost-aware stopping criterion for each agent to determine when costs outweigh potential gains in search as a criterion to stop. Our results indicate that cost has a more significant impact on MAS communication in complex design problems than in simple ones. For example, when searching in complex design spaces, some agents could initially have low-performance gains, thus stopping prematurely due to negative payoffs, even if those agents could perform better in the later stage of the search. Therefore, global-local communication becomes more critical in such situations for the entire system to converge. The proposed model can serve as a benchmark for empirical studies to quantitatively gauge how humans would rationally make design decisions in a team.
Prominence of an O75 Clonal Group (Clonal Complex 14) among Non-ST131 Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli Causing Extraintestinal Infections in Humans and Dogs in Australia

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Fluoroquinolone (FQ)-resistant extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (FQ r ExPEC) strains from phylogenetic group B2 are undergoing epidemic spread. Isolates belonging to phylogenetic group B2 are generally more virulent than other E. coli isolates; therefore, resistance to FQs among group B2 isolates is concerning. Although clonal expansion of sequence type 131 (ST131) is a major factor, the contribution of additional clonal groups has not been quantified. Group B2 FQ r ExPEC isolates from humans ( n = 250) and dogs ( n = 12) in Australia were screened for ST131, a recently recognized and rapidly emerging multidrug-resistant and virulent clonal group that is important in both human and companion animal medicine. Non-ST131 isolates underwent virulence genotyping, PCR-based O typing, partial multilocus sequence typing (MLST), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and FQ resistance mechanism analysis. Of 49 non-ST131 isolates (45 human, 4 canine), 49% (24 human, 2 canine) represented O-type O75 and exhibited conserved virulence genotypes (F10 papA allele, iha , fimH , sat , vat , fyuA , iutA , kpsM II, usp , ompT , malX , K1/K5 capsule) and MLST allele profiles corresponding with clonal complex CC14. Two clusters, each containing canine and human isolates, were identified by PFGE (differentiated by K1 and K5 capsules). Australian FQ r O75 isolates exhibited commonality with an historical FQ-susceptible O75 urosepsis isolate (also CC14). The isolation from humans and dogs of highly similar FQ r derivatives of the classic O75:K1/K5 (CC14) ExPEC lineage suggests recent acquisition of FQ resistance and potential cross-host-species transfer. This lineage should be targeted with ST131 in future epidemiological investigations of FQ r ExPEC.
TMEM16A(a)/anoctamin-1 shares a homodimeric architecture with CLC chloride channels. Molecular and Cellular Proteomics 10

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

TMEM16A/anoctamin-1 has been identified as a protein with the classic properties of a Ca2-activated chloride channel. Here, we used blue native polyacrylamide gel elec-trophoresis (BN-PAGE) and chemical cross-linking to as-sess the quaternary structure of the mouse TMEM16A(a) and TMEM16A(ac) splice variants as well as a genetically concatenated TMEM16A(a) homodimer. The constructs carried hexahistidyl (His) tags to allow for their purification using a nondenaturing metal affinity resin. Neither His-tag-ging nor head-to-tail concatenation of two copies of TMEM16A(a) noticeably affected Ca2-induced measured macroscopic Cl currents compared with the wild-type TMEM16A(a) channel. The digitonin-solubilized, nondena-tured TMEM16A(a) protein migrated in the BN-PAGE gel as a homodimer, as judged by comparison with the concate-
Supervisor training: An integration of professional supervision and the use of artistic media

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This article fills a gap in knowledge about supervisor training programmes in the field of music therapy in Europe. Sparse research exists which demonstrates evidence of effective professional supervision upon the outcome of music therapy clinical practice. The article has its focus on the experience of an integrated supervisor training programme offered in Aalborg, Denmark in 2009/2010. In this programme general issues of professional supervision and the application of artistic media as a core element in the supervisory process were integrated. It is the hope of the author that this article will inspire other music therapists to develop supervisor training programmes for professional music therapists and also to undertake further research into professional supervision.
Non-magnetic impurities in two dimensional superconductors

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A numerical approach to disordered 2D superconductors described by BCS mean field theory is outlined. The energy gap and the superfluid density at zero temperature and the quasiparticle density of states are studied. The method involves approximate self-consistent solutions of the Bogolubov-de$\,$Gennes equations on finite square lattices. Where comparison is possible, the results of standard analytic approaches to this problem are reproduced. Detailed modeling of impurity effects is practical using this approach. The {\it range} of the impurity potential is shown to be of {\it quantitative importance} in the case of strong potential scatterers. We discuss the implications for experiments, such as the rapid suppression of superconductivity by Zn doping in Copper-Oxide superconductors.
Circular economy—A way forward to Sustainable Development: Identifying Conceptual Overlaps and Contingency Factors at the Microlevel

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract The concept of circular economy (CE) has gained a lot of attention in recent years to provide creative and innovative solutions to issues relating to sustainable development (SD) in the ever‐changing business environment. While the earlier studies have presented the concept of CE and its barriers, there exits limited work at the microlevel (business level). Additionally, most of the existing studies are case based, so generalization of results is tough. Drawing from the current literature, this work develops a deeper understanding of the concept of the CE and presents a framework of barriers at the microlevel. We identify and discuss eight major barriers to circular business (CB) processes and posit SD as the desirable outcome. The study holds some critical managerial implications as it illustrates major contingency factors and provides greater insights into CB processes for better execution.
Should Moderate Alcohol Consumption be Promoted?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Alcoholic beverages contain a variety of phytochemicals, but there is little strong evidence regarding the effects of these substances on health.

Alcohol creates many social problems, such as violence and accidents, as well as negative health effects, most notably those related to cancer and fetal alcohol syndrome.

Moderate consumption of alcohol is generally defined as two drinks a day for a man or one for a woman. This is associated with significant protective effects against coronary heart disease and several other diseases and health problems.

The relationship between alcohol consumption and overall mortality depends on age. Below age 40 alcohol is associated with an increased risk of death. For people older than about 50 or 60 alcohol consumption has a J-shaped relationship with risk of mortality; the lowest risk of death is seen in moderate drinkers.
Molecular profiling of culturable bacteria from portable drinking water filtration systems and tap water in three cities of Metro Manila, Philippines

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Many consumers drink filtered water from portable filtration system or directly from tap water. However, microbial community composition in portable drinking water filtration systems has not yet been investigated. This study determined the molecular profile of culturable bacteria in biofilms and filtered water from portable drinking water filtration systems and tap water in three key cities of Metro Manila, Philippines. A total of 97 isolates were obtained using different growth media and characterized based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Most bacteria were isolated from biofilms, followed by filtered water and the least from tap water. Many isolates were affiliated with Proteobacteria (α, β, and γ), Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteriodetes; some had no matches or low affiliations in data bank. Many isolates were associated with bacteria that were part of normal drinking water flora. Some were affiliated with opportunistic bacterial pathogens, soil bacteria and activated sludge bacteria. The presence of soil and opportunistic bacteria may pose health risks when immunocompromised consumers directly drink the tap water. Some isolates had very low percentage homology with bacterial affiliates or without matches in the data bank suggesting different identities or novelty of the isolates. Further studies are needed for different portable filtration systems available in the market, drinking water quality status of other areas and functions of the isolated bacteria. This study is the first report on the use of potato dextrose agar for isolation of bacteria from water environment. It is also the first report on molecular profiling of culturable bacteria in biofilms and filtered water in portable drinking water filtration systems.
Therapeutic targeting of CNBP phase separation inhibits ribosome biogenesis and neuroblastoma progression via modulating SWI/SNF complex activity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial malignancy in childhood; however, the mechanisms underlying its aggressive characteristics still remain elusive. Methods Integrative data analysis was performed to reveal tumour‐driving transcriptional regulators. Co‐immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry assays were applied for protein interaction studies. Real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, sequential chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual‐luciferase reporter assays were carried out to explore gene expression regulation. The biological characteristics of NB cell lines were examined via gain‐ and loss‐of‐function assays. For survival analysis, the Cox regression model and log‐rank tests were used. Results Cellular nucleic acid‐binding protein ( CNBP ) was found to be an independent factor affecting NB outcome, which exerted oncogenic roles in ribosome biogenesis, tumourigenesis and aggressiveness. Mechanistically, karyopherin subunit beta 1 (KPNB1) was responsible for nuclear transport of CNBP, whereas liquid condensates of CNBP repressed the activity of switch/sucrose‐nonfermentable (SWI/SNF) core subunits (SMARCC2/SMARCC1/SMARCA4) via interaction with SMARCC2, leading to alternatively increased activity of SMARCC1/SMARCA4 binary complex in facilitating gene expression essential for 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) processing in tumour cells, extracellular vesicle‐mediated delivery of 18S rRNA and subsequent M2 macrophage polarisation. A cell‐penetrating peptide blocking phase separation and interaction of CNBP with SMARCC2 inhibited ribosome biogenesis and NB progression. High KPNB1 , CNBP , SMARCC1 or SMARCA4 expression or low SMARCC2 levels were associated with poor survival of NB patients. Conclusions These findings suggest that CNBP phase separation is a target for inhibiting ribosome biogenesis and tumour progression in NB via modulating SWI/SNF complex activity.
STRATEGIES FOR THE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (±)-INGENOL AND RELATED IN-OUT RING SYSTEMS

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

INTRODUCTION Ingenol (1) (Figure 1), isolated from Euphorbia ingens, is a highly oxygenated tetracyclic diterpene that is structurally related to phorbol (2). The naturally occurring 3-monoester derivatives of ingenol are widely regarded to be among the most potent tumor promoters, presumably by mimicking diacylglycerol, the activator of protein kinase C. Protein kinase C itself is comprised of at least eight isozymes that are involved in reversible phosphorylation in the regulation of neuronal and hormonal enzyme activity. Some ingenol esters also display anti-HIV and anti-leukemic properties.