jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
CHANGES IN CHEMICAL COMPOSITION DURING RICE MALTING

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Technological processes during the manufacture of rioe malt, which will be used in the production of gluten-free products, and the changes in the chemical composition during rice malting were studied. Weight and moisture of dry malt with sprouts and also weight and moisture of malted grains and sprouts separately were measured during the research. According to the obtained results losses of dry matter were calculated. In laboratory w ort extractives content was determined by using densimeter, content of reducing substances was measured with the help of iodometric method, content of amine nitrogen was determined by copper method, acidity was measured by using direct titration of sodium hydrate solution with phenolphthalein and color was determined by colorimetric titration with iodine solution. W ith the help of obtained results the influence of temperature of rice germination on the technological characteristics of malt was determined.
Application of Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ADL) Model to Thermal Error Modeling on NC Machine Tools

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Thermal error modeling method is an important field of thermal error compensation on NC machine tools, it is also a key for improving the machining accuracy of machine tools. The accuracy of the model directly affects the quality of thermal error compensation. On the basis of multiple linear regression (MLR) model, this paper proposes an autoregressive distributed lag (ADL) model of thermal error and establishes an accurate ADL model by stepwise regression analysis. The ADL model of thermal error is established with measured data, it proved the ADL model is available and has a high accuracy on predicting thermal error by comparing with MLR models.
Evaluation of a pGLcNAc-derived Material as an Activator of Intervertebral Disc Tissue Repair

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Degeneration of the intervertebral discs is the most common cause of back pain. The \nearly stages of degeneration affect the nucleus pulposus (NP) of the intervertebral discs \nfollowed by a rapid degeneration of the annulus fibrosus. Regeneration of the NP may \nslow down or reverse the progression of the disease. A new deacetylated derivative of a \nmarine diatomic glycosaminoglycan was developed to obtain a hydrogel formulation \nproposed to have a reparative effect on damaged NP tissue. The hydration kinetics and \nviscoelastic behaviour of the hydrogel under shear were studied and compared with the \nbehaviour of nondegenerated human lumbar NP. In vitro studies were conducted using \nprimary cell cultures treated with the drug to study cell viability and extracellular matrix \nfactor expression. In vivo studies using New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits have also \nbeen conducted using MRI to quantify disc volume followed by histological and \nimmunohistochemical analysis. Rheological data has indicated that the elastic component \nof the hydrogel dominates the viscous component over a frequency range of 0.1 to 15.85 \nrad/s. Proteoglycan expression of the treated cells was found to be 78.4 ± 1.9 (p<0.05) \ntimes higher than the untreated controls. RTPCR and immunohistochemical data from in \nvitro studies have demonstrated that characteristic the chondrocyte markers, aggrecan and \ncollagen II, are expressed in the treated cells. A comparison of disc volumes at 6 weeks \npost-op has shown that the treated discs have 41% greater volume than the untreated \niii \ndiscs (p<0.05). The results obtained in this study demonstrate that the sulfated \ndeacetylated glycosaminoglycan derivative is a promising material to be utilized in \ntreatment of NP degeneration.
A model for crosstalk prediction in PCB layout

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A new model based on dyadic Green's functions for the fast and efficient prediction of crosstalk between traces in PCBs is presented here. The model is simple to set up, is capable of dealing with PCBs that have many traces, and gives accurate results. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 142–144, 2001.
ChloroKB: A Web Application for the Integration of Knowledge Related to Chloroplast Metabolic Network

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Higher plants, as autotrophic organisms, are effective sources of molecules. They hold great promise for metabolic engineering, but the behavior of plant metabolism at the network level is still incompletely described. Although structural models (stoichiometry matrices) and pathway databases are extremely useful, they cannot describe the complexity of the metabolic context, and new tools are required to visually represent integrated biocurated knowledge for use by both humans and computers. Here, we describe ChloroKB, a Web application (http://chlorokb.fr/) for visual exploration and analysis of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) metabolic network in the chloroplast and related cellular pathways. The network was manually reconstructed through extensive biocuration to provide transparent traceability of experimental data. Proteins and metabolites were placed in their biological context (spatial distribution within cells, connectivity in the network, participation in supramolecular complexes, and regulatory interactions) using CellDesigner software. The network contains 1,147 reviewed proteins (559 localized exclusively in plastids, 68 in at least one additional compartment, and 520 outside the plastid), 122 proteins awaiting biochemical/genetic characterization, and 228 proteins for which genes have not yet been identified. The visual presentation is intuitive and browsing is fluid, providing instant access to the graphical representation of integrated processes and to a wealth of refined qualitative and quantitative data. ChloroKB will be a significant support for structural and quantitative kinetic modeling, for biological reasoning, when comparing novel data with established knowledge, for computer analyses, and for educational purposes. ChloroKB will be enhanced by continuous updates following contributions from plant researchers.
Transforming Ideas and Developing Entrepreneurship Skills in Computing Sciences and Informatics Engineering Courses

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an approach on entrepreneurship education which helps to turn ideas into Minimum Viable Products (MVP) and to capacitate students to become entrepreneurs. In this approach, we integrate development and management project to different business models. Students acquire, in addition to technical competencies, skills on market knowledge and business modeling. This approach has been applied for several years in an informatics engineering course and suggests a set of activities on 18 weeks. Teachers’ perceptions and students’ opinions were collected through direct observations and using a questionnaire in order to evaluate the process behind this pedagogical project which goes beyond the walls of the university. Most of the students are satisfied with the process since they develop projects that have a good fit with the market needs and opportunities and some of them are close to creating a startup.
Clinical treatment and analysis for children’s severe gluteal muscles contracture

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To investigate into the operation treatment of gluteal muscles contrature for children,and observe the effect.Methods:A“z-shaped” release lengthening operation and special function exercise were employed by 320 cases.Results:The cases were followed up from 3 months to 1 year,all position signs wrer disapeared,all kinds of function recovered to normal states.Conclusion:It can be good efficiency,fast resumed function,no recurrence and few complications if the distinct diagnosis severe cases were employed this treatment way.
Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Yield and Component Traits of KAFACI doubled haploid Rice (Oryza sativa L) Genotypes in Malawi

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present study exhibits a yield and yield component traits correlations and path coefficient analysis in some KAFACI doubled haploid and other rice {Oryza sativa L} genotypes. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design {RCBD} with 3 replications at Lifuwu Agricultural Research Station trial fields during the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 rainy seasons. Eight selected traits namely number of productive tillers per hill, spikelets per panicle, panicle length, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, 1000 grain weight, and grain yield were considered in this study. ANOVA table illustrated significant differences (p<0.001) for all studied traits and this means that the germplasms comprised a pool of genotypes with huge variations. The new promising lines, which exceed the yield, record of 7000kg/ha of paddy rice for Malawi varieties were identified in the present evaluation of KAFACI lines. Generally, genotypic correlations were higher than phenotypic correlations though in some instances were similar implying that much expression of the lines were influenced by genetic factors. Grain yield showed positive significant correlation with number of productive tillers per hill and only positive in panicle length and spikelets per panicle. This means selection for these traits can improve grain yield. Path Coefficient showed that characters like days to reach maturity, panicle length and spikelets per panicle were directly influencing grain yield thus are important contributors in coming up with selection criteria for the set objectives in a rice breeding program.
TEA: Test-time Energy Adaptation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to improve model generalizability when test data diverges from training distribution, offering the distinct advantage of not requiring access to training data and processes, especially valuable in the context of large pre-trained models. However, current TTA methods fail to address the fundamental issue: covariate shift, i.e., the decreased generalizability can be attributed to the model's reliance on the marginal distribution of the training data, which may impair model calibration and introduce confirmation bias. To address this, we propose a novel energy-based perspective, enhancing the model's perception of target data distributions without requiring access to training data or processes. Building on this perspective, we introduce $\textbf{T}$est-time $\textbf{E}$nergy $\textbf{A}$daptation ($\textbf{TEA}$), which transforms the trained classifier into an energy-based model and aligns the model's distribution with the test data's, enhancing its ability to perceive test distributions and thus improving overall generalizability. Extensive experiments across multiple tasks, benchmarks and architectures demonstrate TEA's superior generalization performance against state-of-the-art methods. Further in-depth analyses reveal that TEA can equip the model with a comprehensive perception of test distribution, ultimately paving the way toward improved generalization and calibration.
Trustful communication in the medical encounter: Perspectives of immigrated people with epilepsy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background Foreign-born people with epilepsy carry two mutually independent risk factors for poor health. While epilepsy increases the need for trust and clear communication, minority status presents additional barriers in communication, causing misconceptions, inadequate treatment and increased suffering. Objectives This study aimed to explore experiences of communication in the medical encounter from the perspectives of foreign-born people with epilepsy. Methods A qualitative approach was applied. Twenty semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted, recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using manifest and latent content analysis. Results Within the main theme, “Trustful communication in unpredictable terms of life,” three subthemes appeared: “Social struggle overshadowing the epilepsy condition”; “Reliable health consultations as a key to feeling safe” and “Addressing ‘the real problem’ in the medical encounter.” A reduced social network due to migration, together with fears related to epilepsy, seems to increase the need for immediate access to health consultations and the need to be listened to. Patients’ narratives shed light on multiple social, medical and psychological events that may present reasons for the lack of medical adherence or missed booked appointments. Discussion A respectful approach, listening and confirming the normalcy of epilepsy events seem fundamental for trustful communication in the context of epilepsy, regardless of a patient’s culture or country of origin.
Stimuli-Responsive\nPolymer Coatings for the Rapid\nand Tunable Contact Transfer of Plasmid DNA to Soft Surfaces

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We report the design and characterization of thin polymer-based\ncoatings that promote the contact transfer of DNA to soft surfaces\nunder mild and physiologically relevant conditions. Past studies reveal\npolymer multilayers fabricated using linear poly(ethylene imine) (LPEI),\npoly(acrylic acid) (PAA), and plasmid DNA promote contact transfer\nof DNA to vascular tissue. Here, we demonstrate that changes in the\nstructure of the polyamine building blocks of these materials can\nhave substantial impacts on rates and extents of contact transfer.\nWe used two hydrogel-based substrate models that permit identification\nand manipulation of parameters that influence contact transfer. We\nused a planar gel model to characterize films having the structure\n(cationic polymer/PAA/cationic polymer/plasmid DNA)<sub><i>x</i></sub> fabricated using either LPEI or one of three poly(β-amino\nester)s as polyamine building blocks. The structure of the polyamine\ninfluenced subsequent contact transfer of DNA significantly; in general,\nfilms fabricated using more hydrophilic polymers promoted transfer\nmore effectively. This planar model also permitted characterization\nof the stabilities of films transferred onto secondary surfaces, revealing\nrates of DNA release to be slower than rates of release prior to transfer.\nWe also used a three-dimensional hole-based hydrogel model to evaluate\ncontact transfer of DNA from the surfaces of inflatable catheter balloons\nused in vascular interventions and selected a rapid-transfer coating\nfor proof-of-concept studies to characterize balloon-mediated contact\ntransfer of DNA to peripheral arterial tissue in swine. Our results\nreveal robust and largely circumferential transfer of DNA to the luminal\nwalls of peripheral arteries using inflation times as short as 15\nto 30 s. The materials and approaches reported here provide new and\nuseful tools for promoting rapid, substrate-mediated contact transfer\nof plasmid DNA to soft surfaces in vitro and in vivo that could prove\nuseful in a range of fundamental and applied contexts.
The Woman Reader 1837–1914

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This book provides an invaluable source of information on nineteenth-century culture and the woman reader. Why was the topic of women and reading so controversial for the Victorians and Edwardians? What was it assumed that women read, and what advice was given about where, when, and how to read? The book examines texts ranging from fiction, painting, and poetry, through medical and psychoanalytic works, advice manuals and periodicals, to autobiographies and contemporary social research, in her detailed study of this central cultural debate in nineteenth-century society. Engaging also in recent feminist theory, the book explores the manipulation of the figure of the woman reader in well-known works like Charlotte Bronte’s Shirley and Virginia Woolf’s The Voyage Out, in sensation novels and New Woman fiction, and in stories found in series such as The Princess’s Novelettes. This is supported by evidence from actual readers — working women, as well as the privileged — as to how they understood their own highly varied reading experiences.
Expression of orf8 (chlD) as Glucose-1-Phosphate Thymidylyltransferase Gene Involved in Olivose Biosynthesis from Streptomyces antibioticus Tü99 and Biochemical Properties of the Expressed Protein

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The orf8(chlD) gene cloned from Streptomyces antibioticus Tu¨99 was overexpressed using an E. coli system to confirm its biological function. Induction of the E. coli strain transformed with recombinant plasmid pRFJ 1031 containing orf8 resulted in the production of a 43,000 dalton protein. Glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase activity of the cell extract obtained from the transformed strain was 4-5 times higher than that of the control strain. The expressed protein was purified 18-fold from E. coli cell lysate using three chromatographic steps with a 17 % overall recovery to near homogeneity. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified protein agrees with the nucleotide sequence predicted from the orf8 gene. The SDS-PAGE estimated subunit mass of 43,000 dalton agrees well with that calculated from the amino acid composition deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the orf8 gene (43,000 Da). Also, the native enzyme has a monomeric structure with a molecular mass of 43,000 dalton. The purified protein showed glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase activity catalyzing a reversible bimolecular group transfer reaction, and was highly specific for dTTP and α-D-glucose 1-phosphate as substrates in the forward reaction, and for dTDP-D-glucose and pyrophosphate in the reverse reaction.
Vaccinations in Sjögren’s

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract One of the most important aspects of preventive care is receiving the appropriate vaccinations. This is particularly important for patients with autoimmune disease and compromised immune function, especially those who take immunosuppressive medications. Updating vaccinations is particularly important before receiving some immunosuppressive medications, because these can seriously blunt a person’s response to appropriate vaccination. For Sjögren’s patients, many common vaccinations, including the annual flu vaccine and pneumonia vaccine, are recommended. Other vaccinations, such as those utilizing a live virus, may be dangerous, and individual circumstances should be discussed with a patient’s physician. Sjögren’s patients are encouraged to get a COVID-19 vaccination.
Mechanism of chloride uptake in rabbit corneal epithelium

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The mechanism of chloride uptake at the basal membrane (stromal side) of rabbit corneal epithelium was examined by observing the effects of ion transport inhibitors and ion concentrations on the stimulated epithelial short-circuit current (Isc). Loop diuretics inhibited the theophylline-stimulated peak and sustained Isc. Treatment with 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS, 0.2 mM) and/or 5-(N,N-dimethyl)amiloride (0.1 mM) as well as the potent anion exchange inhibitor, 5c(+)[(2,3,9,9a-tetrahydro-1H-fluoren-7-yl)oxy]acetic acid (0.01 mM), had no significant effect on Isc. These results are consistent with Cl- uptake by a Na+-Cl- or Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransport mechanism rather than Cl(-)-HCO3(-)-OH- exchange coupled to Na+-H+ exchange. Incubation in low [Na+] or [Cl-] before stimulation with forskolin (0.1 mM) reduced both peak and sustained Isc, and saturation kinetics were exhibited. Hill coefficients for [Na+] and [Cl-] were 0.99 and 1.04, respectively, for peak Isc and 0.66 and 1.18, respectively, for sustained Isc. Apparent ion affinities for Na+ and Cl- were 13.5 and 18 mM, respectively, for peak Isc and 15 and 22 mM, respectively, for sustained Isc. These results favor Cl- uptake by a 1 Na+:1 Cl- cotransport mechanism for the rabbit corneal epithelium, but involvement of K+ in this process has not been eliminated.
USEPA's National Air-Toxics Assessment: Emissions and Cancer Risk Analysis in Cook County, IL

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The USEPA’s National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment (NATA) is an ongoing comprehensive evaluation of 177 Clean Air Act toxics and diesel particulate matter in the US. NATA includes national emissions data from outdoor sources, estimations of ambient exposure concentrations, human exposures, and characterization of public health risk due to inhalation. \nEvaluation of the 2005 NATA results was performed in order to determine geographical areas, pollutants, and emissions sources that can be targeted for further reduction, and compare cancer risks for Benzene and Formaldehyde based on measured data at three fixed-site air monitoring stations in 2005 to those based on modeled EPA’s 2005 NATA estimates using both the traditional NATA approach and the EPA Superfund guidance approach.\nIllinois county level emissions results in 2005 showed that Cook County had the highest emissions estimates than any other county in Illinois, contributing to 25% of the total emissions. The source category contributions indicated that point source emissions dominated the total emissions in rural counties, while mobile source emissions dominated urban environments. In Cook County, the chemicals that contributed the most to overall emissions included toluene (22%), methanol (10%), m-xylene (7%), 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane (6%), and benzene (6%).\nWhile the top chemical contributors to cumulative inhalation cancer risk in Cook County were formaldehyde (39%) and benzene (12%), a significant majority of the 90th percentile inhalation cancer risks associated with these two chemicals concentrated along major highways and in the vicinity of O’hare airport. \nThe benzene results based on all three risk calculation techniques were similar, with the NATA underestimating the risk in the Schiller Park air monitoring location and overestimating the risk in the Chicago location. The formaldehyde cancer risk estimates based on air monitoring data for Schiller Park were substantially higher than their respective modeled risk estimates in the 2005 NATA. The results concluded that although EPA’s NATA was very beneficial for performing air quality as well as excess cancer risk analysis spatially for certain chemicals, they should only be used to evaluate relative risks across different geographic areas.
Three frontiers in the thermodynamics of protein solutions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Three examples illustrate the versatility and usefulness of biothermodynamics. The first example concerns calculation of a phase diagram for aqueous lysozyme with a new potential of mean force that takes the Hofmeister effect into account; such calculations may be useful for design of a separation process where addition of a salt to an aqueous protein mixture precipitates a target protein. The second example concerns thermodynamic studies to elucidate the effect of an organic cosolvent on the mechanism of crystallizing aqueous insulin. The final example concerns a thermodynamic contribution to mitigating the AIDS epidemic; it indicates how isothermal-titration-calorimetry studies are helpful for choosing an optimum inhibitor that is effective not only for the wild-type HIV protease but also for at least some of its mutants.