jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Tranexamic Acid in Reducing the Blood Loss During Cesarean Section in Primigravida Patients with Breech Presentation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of tranexamic acid in decreasing blood loss at the caesarian section (CS). METHODOLOGY: A descriptive case series study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan. Data were collected from September 24, 2018, to March 24, 2019. A total of 114 term women (18-35 years age) with singleton term breech cases were analyzed for a period of six months RESULTS: In this study the mean age was 30 years with SD±2.341 and the mean period of gestation was 38 weeks with SD±4.76. Moreover, tranexamic acid was effective in 91% of patients and was not effective in 9% of patients. CONCLUSION: Our study concludes that the efficacy of tranexamic acid was 91% in reducing the blood loss during CS in primigravida patients with breech presentation.
The influence of policy and context on teachers’ social media use

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Research on teachers’ use of social media has typically assumed that it is a) driven by a need for professional learning and b) best understood in terms of individual motivations. In this study, we use a dataset of nearly 600,000 tweets posted to one or more of 48 Regional Educational Twitter Hashtags associated with 44 U.S. states. To explore the influence of local contextual factors on hashtag‐ and account‐level activity in these hashtags, we use an analytic approach heretofore uncommon in social media‐focussed education research: generalised linear and multilevel modelling. At the hashtag level, higher numbers of teachers within a state, proportions of students receiving subsidised meals, student‐to‐teacher ratios, and amounts of state spending per child are associated with more activity within a regional hashtag; by contrast, more left‐leaning state governments and citizenries are associated with less activity. At the account level, more experienced accounts and accounts in more right‐leaning states contribute more tweets to these hashtags. These findings reinforce established understandings of Twitter as a site for teacher learning; however, they also underline the importance of acknowledging other important purposes of teachers’ Twitter use, including receiving emotional support and engaging in activism. Practitioner notes What is already known about this topic Many teachers use Twitter (and other social media platforms) for professional purposes. Teachers have identified professional learning—among other purposes—as motivating their use of Twitter. Regional Educational Twitter Hashtags are diverse learning spaces for teachers and other education stakeholders. What this paper adds Local context and policy factors help influence teachers’ use of Twitter. Teachers may turn to Twitter because of a lack of emotional or political support—not just a lack of material support or professional development opportunities. Individual and idiosyncratic factors remain important in explaining teachers’ engagement with social media. Implications for practice and/or policy Informal spaces like social media may supplement formal support mechanisms for teachers. Teachers’ use of social media may help administrators and policymakers identify existing gaps to be repaired in those formal support mechanisms. Support for teachers should be conceived holistically and include emotional and political support.
Image2_SVInterpreter: A Comprehensive Topologically Associated Domain-Based Clinical Outcome Prediction Tool for Balanced and Unbalanced Structural Variants.PDF

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>With the advent of genomic sequencing, a number of balanced and unbalanced structural variants (SVs) can be detected per individual. Mainly due to incompleteness and the scattered nature of the available annotation data of the human genome, manual interpretation of the SV’s clinical significance is laborious and cumbersome. Since bioinformatic tools developed for this task are limited, a comprehensive tool to assist clinical outcome prediction of SVs is warranted. Herein, we present SVInterpreter, a free Web application, which analyzes both balanced and unbalanced SVs using topologically associated domains (TADs) as genome units. Among others, gene-associated data (as function and dosage sensitivity), phenotype similarity scores, and copy number variants (CNVs) scoring metrics are retrieved for an informed SV interpretation. For evaluation, we retrospectively applied SVInterpreter to 97 balanced (translocations and inversions) and 125 unbalanced (deletions, duplications, and insertions) previously published SVs, and 145 SVs identified from 20 clinical samples. Our results showed the ability of SVInterpreter to support the evaluation of SVs by (1) confirming more than half of the predictions of the original studies, (2) decreasing 40% of the variants of uncertain significance, and (3) indicating several potential position effect events. To our knowledge, SVInterpreter is the most comprehensive TAD-based tool to identify the possible disease-causing candidate genes and to assist prediction of the clinical outcome of SVs. SVInterpreter is available at http://dgrctools-insa.min-saude.pt/cgi-bin/SVInterpreter.py.</p>
Humor as social risk-taking: The relationships among humor styles, sensation-seeking, and use of curse words

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract The research investigated the view that using humor can be a form of social risk-taking, as the attempt at humor may not always be viewed positively by others. Prior research has shown that individuals’ levels of sensation-seeking, a personality variable related to risk-taking, was related to humor appreciation. Other research has shown that sensation-seeking also predicted the use of curse words, another form of verbal risk-taking. The present research tested two hypotheses: a) sensation-seeking positively relates to each of the four humor styles and b) the use of curse words also positively relates to each of the four humor styles. The results obtained from a large sample of undergraduate students partially supported the hypotheses. Multiple regression analyses using the hierarchical approach further showed that sensation-seeking predicted two of the four humor styles for men (i.e. affiliative, aggressive) and two of the four for women (i.e. aggressive and self-defeating). The use of curse words predicted variance not explained by variation in sensation-seeking in the use of the aggressive humor style in men and women and for the affiliative humor style only for men. Overall, men reported higher levels of aggressive humor, sensation-seeking, and cursing than women. Implications for theoretical perspectives on humor and social risk-taking are discussed.
Isolated Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell (PBMC), a Cost Effective Tool for Predicting Immunosuppressive Effects of Drugs and Xenobiotics.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The science of immunotoxicology began in the early 1970s, following the recognition of increased sensitivity to infection following exposure of test species, including monkeys, hamsters, ducks, rats, mice and guinea pigs to various xenobiotics. Reduced resistance to infectious disease was a well-documented consequence of primary and acquired immunodeficiencies, but a novel outcome of xenobiotic exposure, leading some to characterize xenobiotic-induced immunosuppression as “chemical AIDS”. Although the comparison was scientifically inappropriate, “immunotoxicity” was often thought of as synonymous with “immunosuppression” during the formative years of the discipline, although hypersensitivity, allergy, and autoimmunity were recognized as potential exposure outcomes. Assessment of potential adverse effects on the immune system is an important component of the overall evaluation of toxicity of personal care products, chemicals and drugs. Current public opinion and ethical considerations have stimulated efforts to reduce the number of animals used to test the toxicity of chemicals, drugs and personal care products. However, only limited effort has gone into developing in-vitro or in silico methods to detect immune dysfunction. This may be at least partially attributable to the sheer complexity of the immune response, although there has been sufficient progress to warrant continued investigation along these lines. A peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) is any blood cell having a round nucleus such as lymphocyte, monocyte or a macrophage. These blood cells are a critical component in the immune system to fight infection and adapt to intruders. These cells can be extracted from whole blood using ficoll, a hydrophilic polysaccharide that separates layers of blood, followed by gradient centrifugation, which will separate the blood into a top layer of plasma, followed by a lower layer of PBMCs and then a fraction of polymorphonuclear cells (such as neutrophils and eosinophils) and finally a bottom layer of erythrocytes. The polymorphonuclear cells can be further isolated by lysing the red blood cells. PBMCs are widely used in research and toxicology applications. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) give selective responses to the immune system and are the major cells in the human body immunity. They contain several types of cells such as lymphocytes,monocytes or macrophages. Because peripheral blood is the place where exposure to chemicals occurs,these fundamentally important PBMCs are prone to be influenced by drugsand chemicals. This is why the availability of PBMCs from peripheral bloodis very important for researchers studying toxicity of new drugs or drugs or drugs or chemical compounds. There are many Applications for PBMCs in toxicology research including:
“Pathogens and Immunological Basis” Teaching Experience of Higher Vocational Nursing Major

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The objective is to explore appropriate ways to further improve the teaching of basic medical course pathogens and immunological basis. The method is starting from textbooks, students, classroom and other aspects, to promote teaching reform. The results are to finish the optimization of teaching classes and textbooks; starting from students, using appropriate teaching methods, duly supplemented by multimedia teaching, to improve the quality of teaching.
Optimizing Well Design and Operation with Technology: The Role of Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Data Governance and Standardization

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In the rapidly evolving oil and gas industry, leveraging technology for optimizing well design and operations is essential. This technical paper outlines the integration of machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) to address critical challenges in drilling operations, safety enforcement, and environmental monitoring. It also explores the importance of robust data governance and standardization facilitated by Company's DreamWell tool. Each technology application aims to enhance decision-making, increase operational and cost efficiency, and promote safety. The complexity of well operations in the oil and gas industry necessitates robust data governance and standardization to ensure efficient, safe, and sustainable practices. As time goes by, Company has developed DreamWell, an integrated tool for database management, reporting, evaluation, analysis, and monitoring of well operations. DreamWell optimizes technology to improve data governance and standardization, leading to better decision-making, operational efficiency, and regulatory compliance. This paper explores the features and capabilities of DreamWell, its impact on data governance and standardization in well operations, and its potential for future development.
Vibration Fault Diagnosis for Wind Turbine Based on Enhanced Supervised Locally Linear Embedding

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Fault diagnosis for wind turbine is an important task for reducing their maintenance cost. However, the non-stationary dynamic operating conditions of wind turbines pose a challenge to fault diagnosis for wind turbine. Fault diagnosis is essentially a kind of pattern recognition. In this paper, a novel fault diagnosis method based on enhanced supervised locally linear embedding is proposed for wind turbine. The approach first performs the recently proposed manifold learning algorithm locally linear embedding on the high-dimensional fault signal samples to learn the intrinsic embedded multiple manifold features corresponding to different fault modes. Enhanced supervised locally linear embedding not only can map them into a low-dimensional embedded space to achieve fault feature extraction, but also can deal with new fault samples. Finally fault classification is carried out in the embedded manifold space. The wind turbine gearbox ball bearing vibration fault signals are used to validate the proposed fault diagnosis method. The results indicate that the proposed approach obviously improves the fault classification performance and outperforms the other traditional approaches.
Accuracy of spectral UV model calculations: 1. Consideration of uncertainties in input parameters

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Even in idealized, clear sky conditions, spectral UV models need well‐specified input parameters such as solar zenith angle, pressure, ozone and aerosol optical depth to produce realistic results. UV models based on exact analytical methods are widely considered to be absolutely accurate with errors in results widely attributed to inaccurate input parameters. The uncertainties in the standard determinations of each input parameter were determined for the following methods of specifying each parameter: (1) ozone from satellites or ground‐based Dobson spectrometer measurements; (2) aerosol optical depth from sunphotometer measurements; (3) single‐scattering albedo; three different procedures using ground‐based spectrometer measurements and radiative transfer calculations were studied; (4) ground albedo; the determination of the ground albedo is achieved using satellite measurements, which have a resolution of some 100 km; ground‐based measurements may give some information about the albedo of the ground, but the albedo needed for radiative transfer calculations is a weighted average of the surrounding albedos. The resulting inaccuracies in UV calculations from errors in input parameters were simulated with the discrete ordinate method model by Stamnes et al . [1988] using the uncertainties specified above for the different input parameters. The simulations of the errors of the spectral UV calculations were carried out for each input parameter at 0°, 50°, and 80° zenith angle and analyzed at 305 and 380 nm. The overall maximum error may be determined by combining the different errors.
Sex and the Media: The Impact of Television Habits on Sexual Perception

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The current study focused on the role of TV in regards to sexual attitudes and perceptions. The participants were 120 female students from an introductory psychology class ranging in age from 18 to 24 years old from a medium sized, Midwestern, public university. They completed three primary measures: television viewing habits, sexual attitudes, and responses to sexual scenarios. Furthermore, half of the participants completed the measures after waiting in a room while viewing sexually explicit music videos and half waited with no TV present. The results supported our hypothesis that those participants exposed to sexually explicit videos before responding to sexual scenarios rated scenarios as less sexual than those not exposed to the videos. These results will add to a growing literature that explores the influence of sexual television on attitudes and give insight into the short and long-term impact of television on sexual perceptions.
Optimal Tradeoffs in Matched Designs Comparing US-Trained and Internationally Trained Surgeons

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Does receiving a medical education outside the United States impact a surgeon’s performance? We study this question by matching operations performed by internationally trained surgeons to those performed by US-trained surgeons in reanalysis of a large health outcomes study. An effective matched design must achieve several goals, including balancing covariate distributions marginally, ensuring units within individual pairs have similar values on key covariates, and using a sufficiently large sample from the raw data. Yet in our study, optimizing some of these goals forces less desirable results on others. We address such tradeoffs from a multi-objective optimization perspective by creating matched designs that are Pareto optimal with respect to two goals. We provide general tools for generating representative subsets of Pareto optimal solution sets and articulate how they can be used to improve decision-making in observational study design. In the motivating surgical outcomes study, formulating a multi-objective version of the problem helps us balance an important variable without sacrificing two other design goals, average closeness of matched pairs on a multivariate distance and size of the final matched sample. Supplementary materials for this article, including a standardized description of the materials available for reproducing the work, are available as an online supplement.
Global Foot-and-Mouth Disease Research Update and Gap Analysis: 3 - Vaccines

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

This study assessed research knowledge gaps in the field of FMDV (foot-and-mouth disease virus) vaccines. The study took the form of a literature review (2011-15) combined with research updates collected in 2014 from 33 institutes from across the world. Findings were used to identify priority areas for future FMD vaccine research. Vaccines play a vital role in FMD control, used both to limit the spread of the virus during epidemics in FMD-free countries and as the mainstay of disease management in endemic regions, particularly where sanitary controls are difficult to apply. Improvements in the performance or cost-effectiveness of FMD vaccines will allow more widespread and efficient disease control. FMD vaccines have changed little in recent decades, typically produced by inactivation of whole virus, the quantity and stability of the intact viral capsids in the final preparation being key for immunogenicity. However, these are exciting times and several promising novel FMD vaccine candidates have recently been developed. This includes the first FMD vaccine licensed for manufacture and use in the USA; this adenovirus-vectored FMD vaccine causes in vivo expression of viral capsids in vaccinated animals. Another promising vaccine candidate comprises stabilized empty FMDV capsids produced in vitro in a baculovirus expression system. Recombinant technologies are also being developed to improve otherwise conventionally produced inactivated vaccines, for example, by creating a chimeric vaccine virus to increase capsid stability and by inserting sequences into the vaccine virus for desired antigen expression. Other important areas of ongoing research include enhanced adjuvants, vaccine quality control procedures and predicting vaccine protection from immune correlates, thus reducing dependency on animal challenge studies. Globally, the degree of independent vaccine evaluation is highly variable, and this is essential for vaccine quality. Previously neglected, the importance of evaluating vaccination programme effectiveness and impact is increasingly being recognized.
Psychological profile of accounting majors : behavioural patterns and corelates.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the behaviour pattern (Type A or B) of Singapore accounting majors. This paper compares the performance between Type A's and Type B's, between sexes within the same behaviour, examines the relationship between performance, behaviour type and Achievement-Striving (AS), and analyses parents' educational status and students behaviour pattern.
Delayed presentation of aortoesophageal fistula after endovascular repair

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The incidence of aortoesophageal fistula after thoracic endovascular aortic repair has increased following an increase in thoracic endovascular aortic procedures. A 68-year-old man was diagnosed with aortoesophageal fistula 6 years after thoracic endovascular aortic repair of a descending aortic aneurysm. Due to massive hematemesis and instability, he underwent a left thoracotomy, graft repair of the aorta with stent removal, gastrostomy, and proximal esophagostomy. Unfortunately, he died 1 week later due to sepsis. Aortoesophageal fistula may present long after thoracic endovascular aortic repair, and clinicians treating such cases should always be aware of this complication.
Teachers and their Educational Leadership in Organizational Change and Development: An Eritrean Case Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose and Objectives: The main purpose and objective of the study was to examine the teachers and educational leadership in organizational change in Eritrean context. It further explores and makes understanding the teacher leadership in relation to school effectiveness and improvement. The paper also identifies and investigates the current situation and inherent issues regarding teacher leadership in Eritrea. Methods: This research study was based on a positivist approach as the philosophy of the study. Using qualitative method in collecting and analysing the data, from different schools in the Central Region of Eritrea. The researchers employed an open-ended questionnaire and a focus group discussion to gather data, and thereby explore the condition, nature, and importance of teacher leadership. In doing so, the researchers selected 97 teachers randomly from a total of 150 teachers to complete open-ended questionnaires. Findings: This research study confirms the existence of a relationship between teachers’ leadership and the top management at the Department of Education has been strained over a period of time. The ground level is not yet prepared or well-organized to treat teachers as leaders. The participants reported that teachers are primarily restricted merely to the role of information transmission without participating in curriculum development and roles of greater responsibility outside of the classroom environment. The findings further revealed that the Government plays a dominant role in school leadership and decision making process at all levels that eventually demotivates teachers’ leadership. Application/Improvements: The research findings entail that it is important the Government of Eritrea makes an effort to develop a transparent and pro-active teacher leadership policy which can motivate and retain some of the committed teacher leaders who have the ability and enthusiasm to make a positive contribution in the educational development of the country. The study therefore provides some policy implications for the effective and efficient leadership management in education sector development. Keywords: Educational Leadership, Educational Reform Policy, Eritrea, Organizational Change Development, Teacher Leadership Development