jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Development of Cavities for Microwave Solid State Sources

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Different types of X-band Gunn diode oscillator cavities and Impatt diode oscillator cavities, developed at SPL, Delhi, have been discussed. These cavities can be tuned mechanically. One of these cavities has a provision for dielectric tuning. The characteristics of some of these solid state oscillators are shown and attempt has been made to explain their performance.
Peculiarities of Cardiovascular Reactions of Elite Greco‑Roman Wrestlers to Repetitive Dosed Exercise Test

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Research background and hypothesis. The synergy of central and peripheral changes while performing easy exercises in repetitive manner should show central or peripheral changes which start increasing and become a trigger for functional mobilization.Research aim. The aim of this study was to determine the mobilization peculiarities of central and peripheral cardiovascular function in Greco-Roman wrestlers cohort while performing a dosed exercise test in repetitive manner.Research methods. Greco-Roman wrestlers, sprinters, endurance runners and non-athletes underwent three Roufier tests (30 squats per 45s) with 2 minutes of recovery between them. The changes in the heart rate (HR) and JT interval taken from 12-lead ECG and O 2 desaturation (StO 2 ) registered by near-infrared spectroscopy were analyzed.Research results. HR increased and JT interval decreased more and more in both non-athlete cohorts while there were no significant changes in all three athlete cohorts, i. e. we did not find any summing effects of the repetition of workloads. The tendency of increase in StO 2 at the second minute after the dosed workload was greater and greater with each consequent repetition of the testing workload in all cohorts.Discussion and conclusions. We have proved our hypothesis that peripheral changes during repetitive exercising start increasing earlier than the central ones. The dynamics of central and peripheral cardiovascular indices in non-athlete cohorts while repeating a dosed aerobic exercise test every two minutes demonstrates the cumulative effect of physical exertion whereas in elite Greco-Roman wrestlers as well as in other individuals adapted to physical loads functional indices reiterated.Keywords: electrocardiogram, dosed exercise test, oxygen saturation.
[Therapeutic use of enilconazole in broiler chicks with aspergillosis].

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The course of a spontaneous outbreak of aspergillosis in a broiler flock was studied. Up to the 10th day of life the total mortality was 8%. Surviving broiler had an average body weight of 141 g on the 7th day of life, in contrast to the normal body weight of 150 g per bird. Aspergillosis was diagnosed in another three broiler flocks as well in an early stage of infection. Treatment with Enilconazole (Clinafarm Spray, Janssen, Neuss) in these flocks at a single time via spray in a dosage of 1.5 g enilconazole per 10 m2 housing ground obviously reduced mortality from the second day on after treatment. The average body weight of 7-day-old broiler was in a normal range. The success of the treatment depends on an early diagnosis and immediate start of the therapy. The source of infection (hatchery, transport, litter etc.) should be discovered and eliminated to prevent flocks from further infections.
Accounting for Non-Annuitization, Working Paper 2010-03

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Why don't people buy annuities? Several explanations have been provided by the previous literature: large fraction of preannuitized wealth in retirees' portfolios; adverse selection; bequest motives; and medical expense uncertainty. This paper uses a quantitative model to assess the importance of these impediments to annuitization and also studies three newer explanations: government safety net in terms of means-tested transfers; illiquidity of housing wealth; and restrictions on minimum amount of investment in annuities. This paper shows that quantitatively the last three explanations play a big role in reducing annuity demand. The minimum consumption floor turns out to be important to explain the lack of annuitization, especially for people in lower income quintiles, who are well insured by this provision. The minimum annuity purchase requirement involves big upfront investment and is binding for many, especially if housing wealth cannot be easily annuitized. Among the traditional explanations, preannuitized wealth has the largest quantitative contribution to the annuity puzzle.
Increasing levels of microalga supplementation in diet on in vitro ruminal biohydrogenation and fermentation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Context In recent years, microalgae have been used in the diet to improve the quality of animal products due to their oil content and quality, but determining the optimum dose is very important to prevent some fermentation and economic losses in animal production. Aims The study investigated the effects of microalga (DHA-gold) supplementation in the diet at different levels in in vitro ruminal biohydrogenation and fermentation. Methods The treatments were control (no additional oil, forage:concentrate ratio 60:40 on a dry-matter (DM) basis) or the addition of 1%, 2%, and 3% of microalga in the diet on a DM basis. Four rumen-cannulated goats were used as donors for the in vitro experiment. The treatments were incubated using a batch culture technique, and the fatty acid profile and fermentation parameters were determined after 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. Key results Total conjugated linoleic acids (CLA), cis-9, trans-11 CLA and trans-11 C18:1 fatty acids increased with supplementation of microalgae. The 24-h biohydrogenation rate of unsaturated fatty acids varied between 61% and 98%. In addition, the highest CLA content was obtained from the 3% algae group. Biohydrogenation of C18:3, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) fatty acids was decreased with the 2% microalga supplementation. The microalga supplementation had no effect on ruminal pH, ruminal acetate, propionate, and butyrate proportions, or the acetate:propionate ratio. Conclusion Under the current in vitro study conditions, 2% microalga supplementation to diet increased the ruminal biohydrogenation intermediate products, such as total CLA and trans-11 C18:1 fatty acid and decreased the ruminal biohydrogenation ratio of n-3 fatty acids (C18:3, EPA, and DHA). Implications Increasing the bioactive and beneficial fatty acids (e.g. CLAs) that are absorbed in the rumen by ruminants and then transferred to animal products (meat, milk) is important. From the results of this in vitro study, dietary microalga increased the ruminal CLA, C18:3, EPA, and DHA concentrations. However, dietary fat level should be evaluated in terms of improving an animal’s performance (growth rate, digestibility, milk yield, carcass, and milk quality).
Implementation of an Active Vibration Control System on a Cogeneration Plant

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Active noise control (ANC) aims to reduce a noise source at a listening point by destructive interference with a reverse phase noise emitted by one or more control devices. ANC systems cover a wide range of applications, such as industrial plants, vehicle cabins, headphones. Usually, in these applications the control devices are loudspeakers, and the error signals come from microphones. In outdoor applications, this solution comes with some limitations, such as the ageing of the loudspeakers due to humidity, temperature, rain and dust, and the presence of wired connections between the error sensors and the control system. This paper presents a noise reduction solution for a cogeneration plant, consisting of an Active Vibration Control (AVC) system applied to the cogenerator enclosure. To overcome the above limitations, electrodynamic shakers are used as controllers and an accelerometer as error signal. The control algorithm is a single reference, Single Input, Multiple Output (SIMO) Filtered-X Normalized Least Mean Square (FxNLMS), implemented in a Virtual Studio Technology (VST) plugin. VST plugins work in real-time in Digital Audio Workstation (DAW) software installed on personal computers, therefore without the need for low-level implementation on dedicated electronic boards, thus reducing the development time and the cost of the equipment. First, the effectiveness of the solution is demonstrated in a laboratory experiment. Subsequently, the results obtained on the cogenerator are presented, which show remarkable performance, with a noise reduction up to −17.5 dB on the main disturbing frequencies.
Serum Zinc Levels in Patients with Acne Vulgaris and Its Correlation with Severity of Acne

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Acne vulgaris the most common cutaneous disorder affecting adolescent and young adults. Zinc is an essential element for human. We aimed to evaluate the serum zinc level in patients with acne vulgaris and correlate with the severity of disease. \n \nMethods: The study included 43 patients with acne vul­garis and 37 healthy control subjects. The severity of acne was assessed according to Global Acne Grading System. The serum zinc levels were measured both patients and control subjects. \nResults: The serum zinc level in acne patients were 81.48 ± 14.21 μg/dl and 83.69 ± 12.43 μg/dl in control subjects. There was no statistically significant difference between patients and control subjects (p=0.46).There was a negative correlation between acne severity and serum zinc levels but there was no statistically significant (r=-0.024, p=0.88). \nConclusion: The results of our study revealed no relation between serum zinc levels and acne. Further studies are needed.
A Delphi survey of patients' views of services for borderline personality disorder: A preliminary report

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Department of Health guidelines stipulate that specialist personality disorder services should gather feedback from service users. Aim The Gwylfa Therapy Service (GTS) is a new specialist service for people with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The aim of this study was to gather users' views of services sought and/or received before the inception of the GTS and their views of the GTS. Method A Delphi survey method was used first to elicit patients' views on services, and then to identify levels of consensus on the views generated. Results The findings presented here identify what service users value in the treatment they receive, namely respect, professionalism, a service that meets their needs and personal support. Opinions regarding non‐specialist services indicated that, overall, police, general practitioners, community psychiatric nurses, psychologists and counsellors were viewed positively, and psychiatric hospital staff was viewed positively but with room for improvement. General hospital staff was viewed unfavourably. Users' views of the GTS were favourable. Discussion This study begins to shed light upon the education, training and supervision needs of staff from services that come into contact with patients with BPD. Furthermore, the way these services may be better integrated with each other and GTS is identified as requiring attention. Care must be taken to avoid distressing, damaging and disaffecting patients as they pass through general services en route to a specialist team. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment of Primary Hyperparathyroidism with Cyclofenil - a Synthetic Stilbestrol Derivative with Minimal Feminizing Effects

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In eight patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) the laboratory effects of cyclofenil, which is a synthetic stilbestrol derivative with weak feminizing effects, were studied over a period of 5-13 weeks. In all the patients there were during treatment clear reductions of the serum calcium levels as well as the urinary excretions of calcium and hydroxyproline. These findings are in accordance with earlier reports that oestrogens reduce bone resorption mediated by parathyroid hormone. It has previously been demonstrated that cyclofenil can be given, on other indications, for several years to both male and female patients without oestrogenic side-effects. This pilot study, therefore, indicates that treatment with cyclofenil might be of value in some cases of primary HPT where surgery is not considered.
Privacy and Security Under Blockchain Technology

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Blockchain technology enables online sharing of digital information. A blockchain acts as public ledger that everyone has access to but is not controlled by a central authority. It is a technology that empowers people and organizations to collaborate and transact in an online environment that is trusted and transparent. The blockchain technology provides many benefits, including increased transparency and traceability of transactions. However, the security and privacy issues of blockchain can outweigh its benefits. This literature-review based study explores the privacy and security challenges of blockchain technology and their solutions.
Effectiveness of Logistics Information System Use and Logistics Information System Quality on User Performance through User Satisfaction

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The effective use of information systems in logistics companies will assist company management in changing business growth strategies. Information system quality is a measurement that focuses on the output processed by the system. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using the Logistics Information System and its impact on performance and user satisfaction. The research method uses a quantitative approach. The research was conducted at Puninar Logistics with a sample size of 100 employees. Data was collected through a questionnaire with a Likert scale model that had been tested. The data analysis method used is SmartPLS (Partial Least Square) 4.0. The effectiveness of the Logistics Information System cannot be separated from information systems and information technology. The presence of information technology systems has had a lot of influence on an individual/ organization, not only on individuals/ organizations, but this influence extends to business processes and organizational transactions. In addition, effectiveness is a very important concept in organizations because it is a measure of the success of the organization in achieving its goals. This means that it can be said that effectiveness is directly related to achieving goals and is the key to the success of an organization. Research on the effect of information system effectiveness on employee performance has been carried out in many previous studies, but there are inconsistencies in research results regarding this relationship. Research results such as in research show that the effectiveness of the use of information systems has a positive effect on employee performance.
Dynamic flux balance analysis of metabolic networks using the penalty function methods

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The ability to quantitatively describe metabolic fluxes through metabolic networks has been long desired, especially to describe the dynamic behavior of the fluxes and some important metabolites of a living cell or creature. In this paper, we applied the penalty function methods to analyze the dynamic flux distribution and predict the metabolite concentrations of the metabolic networks of E.coli by introducing a special Heaviside function. The results showed the precisely predictions of the metabolite concentrations then the exist methods.
Ultrastructural Changes in the Nasal Mucosa of Fischer 344 Rats and B6C3F1 Mice Following an Acute Exposure to Methyl Isocyanate

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Male rats and male mice received a single 2-hr exposure to 0 (control), 10, or 30 ppm of methyl isocyanate and were sacrificed after 1, 3, 14, or 90 days to assess the ultrastructural changes in the nasal mucosa by transmission electron microscopy. One day after exposure to methyl isocyanate, there were widespread areas of necrosis and degeneration of the respiratory and olfactory epithelium of rats and mice in the 10 ppm and 30 ppm groups. Qualitatively the ultrastructural findings were similar for both exposure groups and species. Degeneration followed by rapid regeneration was observed for both respiratory and olfactory epithelia but was most striking for olfactory epithelium in the dorsal meatus. Three days after the exposure, the olfactory epithelium was two to three cell layers thick due to a loss of supporting cells, olfactory neurons, and basal cells. By 14 days after exposure, the olfactory epithelium was composed of a heterogeneous cell population three to five cell layers thick. At 90 days following exposure, the epithelium was of normal thickness (eight to ten cell layers), with normal architectural arrangement, and composed of well-differentiated cells that appeared similar to those of controls. There were several findings that suggested the epithelial cells of Bowman's glands were the progenitor for the regenerating supporting cells of the olfactory epithelium. This study demonstrated that the respiratory and olfactory epithelium is capable of complete structural regeneration after an acute destruction by methyl isocyanate.
Immunohistochemical Study of Amelogenin and Lysosome-Associate Membrane Proteins (LAMPs) in Cartilage

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Amelogenin is one of the enamel matrix proteins secreted by ameloblasts during enamel formation in tooth development.Recent studies showed that the amelogenin is expressed in chondrocyte.Lysosome-associated membrane proteins (LAMPs) have been identified as binding partner proteins to amelogenin and it has been suggested they act as signaling receptors of amelogenin.The purpose of this study is to clarify the localization of amelogenin and LAMPs in growth plate cartilage and cartilaginous nodules in micromass culture.Mouse knee joints including tibia growth plate at 4 weeks old and micromass cultures of limb bud mesenchymal cells after 2 weeks were fixed in paraformaldehyde, routinely processed, sections were cut and immunostained with amelogenin, collagen type II and type X, LAMP-1 and -3.The positive immunoreaction of amelogenin was observed both in proliferation and hypertrophic zone cartilage of growth plate after enzymatic pretreatment in immunostaining.Furthermore, cartilaginous nodules in micromass culture were immunopositive to amelogenin.The chondrocytes in the proliferation zone of the growth plate were immunopositive to LAMP-1 but weakly stained in the chondrocytes of hypertrophic zone.These observations indicate that amelogenin may be present in cartilage matrix produced in vivo and in vitro and amelogenin may involve cartilage formation through the LAMP-1 signaling pathway.
[Cooperative downconversion in Tb (0.7 ) Yb (5) : FOV oxyfluoride nanophase vitroceramics].

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The present article reports the infrared quantum cutting study of the nanophase oxyfluoride vitroceramics Tb(0.7)Yb (5.0) : FOV. The visible to infrared fluorescence emission spectra, excitation spectra and fluorescence lifetime were measured carefully. The infrared quantum cutting phenomenon {1([5 D4 --> 7 F6](Tb3+), 2([2 F7/2 --> 2 F5/2](Yb3+)} was analyzed based on the above experiments. It was found that the theoretical quantum cutting efficiency is about 121.35% when 5D4 level is excited by 487.0nm light, and about 136.27% when (5D3, 5G6) levels are excited by 378.0 nm light respectively. Meanwhile, it is first time for the present paper to find a cooperative downconversion phenomenon {2([(5D3, 5G6) --> 5D4] (Tb3+), 1([2 F7/2 --> 2 F5/2] (Yb3+)}. That is, the authors found for the first time that the donor Tb3+ ion releases two pieces of energy [(5D3, 5G6) --> 5D4] of small energy photon to produce a middle energy photon [2 F5/2 --> 2 F7/2] of acceptor Yb3+ ion.
Thermal Stress in Fabrication of Thermal Barrier Coatings

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Thermal stress in the fabrication process of thermal barrier coating system (TBCs) has a significant effect on the quality of TBCs and the durability of gas turbine. In this work, a new analytical model was developed to calculate the thermal stress during the fabrication process of TBCs. Variations of the material properties with temperature of TBCs were well considered in the present model. Several spraying factors: such as pre-heating temperature, cold gas dynamic spraying (CGDS) method, thickness of top coating and thickness of substrate, which has significant effects on thermal stress generation, are also discussed in this work.
Attention LSTM for Scene Graph Generation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A scene graph is a structured representation of an image that consists of objects detected within the image and the relationships between them. Scene graphs can play a significant role in understanding an image. However, to date, research regarding scene graph generation has met with limited success, and the performance of the existing methods is unsatisfactory. Based on the fused form of the features of detected objects and the way a message passes between them, we have developed a novel deep learning network, dubbed Attention Long Short-term Memory Network (ALNet), that can generate scene graphs more effectively. We have designed a simple feature fusion module that combines the spatial features of the detected objects with their visual features and semantics. To represent connections between all related objects, we introduced a message passing module that can transfer the features of detected objects through the bidirectional ALNet. By means of various ablation experiments, we evaluated the ALNet and confirmed that the scene graph generation indicators were significantly improved.
Barrier penetration in a discrete-basis formalism

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The dynamics of a many-particle system are often modeled by mapping the Hamiltonian into a Schrödinger equation. An alternative approach is to solve the Hamiltonian equations directly in a model space of many-body configurations. In a previous paper the numerical convergence of the two approaches was compared with a simplified treatment of the Hamiltonian representation. Here, we extend the comparison to the nonorthogonal model spaces that would be obtained by the generator-coordinate method. With a suitable choice of the collective-variable grid, a configuration-interaction Hamiltonian can reproduce the Schrödinger dynamics very well. Furthermore, the method as implemented here requires that the barrier height is not much larger than the zero-point energy in the collective coordinates of the configurations.