jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Electronic Cigarette Exposure Increases the Severity of Influenza a Virus Infection via TRAIL Dysregulation in Human Precision-Cut Lung Slices

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The use of electronic nicotine dispensing systems (ENDS), also known as electronic cigarettes (ECs), is common among adolescents and young adults with limited knowledge about the detrimental effects on lung health such as respiratory viral infections and underlying mechanisms. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), a protein of the TNF family involved in cell apoptosis, is upregulated in COPD patients and during influenza A virus (IAV) infections, but its role in viral infection during EC exposures remains unclear. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of ECs on viral infection and TRAIL release in a human lung precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) model, and the role of TRAIL in regulating IAV infection. PCLS prepared from lungs of nonsmoker healthy human donors were exposed to EC juice (E-juice) and IAV for up to 3 days during which viral load, TRAIL, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and TNF-α in the tissue and supernatants were determined. TRAIL neutralizing antibody and recombinant TRAIL were utilized to determine the contribution of TRAIL to viral infection during EC exposures. E-juice increased viral load, TRAIL, TNF-α release and cytotoxicity in IAV-infected PCLS. TRAIL neutralizing antibody increased tissue viral load but reduced viral release into supernatants. Conversely, recombinant TRAIL decreased tissue viral load but increased viral release into supernatants. Further, recombinant TRAIL enhanced the expression of interferon-β and interferon-λ induced by E-juice exposure in IAV-infected PCLS. Our results suggest that EC exposure in human distal lungs amplifies viral infection and TRAIL release, and that TRAIL may serve as a mechanism to regulate viral infection. Appropriate levels of TRAIL may be important to control IAV infection in EC users.
MiR-195-5p Inhibits Malignant Progression of Cervical Cancer by Targeting YAP1

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Xiaomin Liu,1 Yi Zhou,1 Yu-e Ning,1 Hui Gu,2 Yuxin Tong,3 Ning Wang1 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, People&rsquo;s Republic of China; 2Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People&rsquo;s Republic of China; 3Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, People&rsquo;s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Ning WangDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, People&rsquo;s Republic of ChinaEmail nonaware@sina.comPurpose: Our previous studies have shown that miR-195 is reduced in cervical cancer tissues, and that upregulation of miR-195 suppressed cervical cancer cell growth and induced a cell cycle block. In this study, we aimed to further elucidate the mechanism of action between miR-195-5p and Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) in the malignant progression of cervical cancer.Methods: MiR-195-5p and YAP1 were detected using qRT-PCR in cervical cancer cells transfected with miR-195-5p mimics or inhibitor. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion ability were detected using MTT, wound healing, and transwell invasion assays. Dual luciferase reporter assay, qRT-PCR, and Western blot analysis were used to demonstrate that YAP1 was a target of miR-195-5p.Results: Our results showed that miR-195-5p is negatively correlated with YAP1 protein levels but not with mRNA expression. Moreover, upregulation of miR-195-5p by transient transfection with miR-195-5p mimics in HeLa and SiHa cells inhibited cell proliferation, migration ability, invasiveness, and the EMT. Conversely, miR-195-5p downregulation produced opposite results. In addition, multiple miRNA target prediction sites showed that YAP1 was a potential target gene; this was confirmed by dual luciferase assay. Rescue experiments further confirmed that YAP1 is involved in miR-195-5p-mediated inhibition of proliferation, migration ability, invasiveness, and the EMT of cervical cancer cells.Conclusion: Taken together, our data suggest that miR-195-5p may act as a tumor suppressor which could provide a theoretical basis for cervical cancer patient targeted therapy.Keywords: cervical cancer, miR-195-5p, YAP1, epithelial to mesenchymal transition
Perception and Attitudes

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: In the United States, 76.9% of women initiate breastfeeding but only 36.0% breastfeed exclusively for 3 months. Lack of support for public breastfeeding may prevent women from breastfeeding in public, which could contribute to low rates of breastfeeding exclusivity and continuation, despite high rates of breastfeeding initiation. Objective: This study aimed to determine whether residents of New York City, New York, were supportive of and comfortable with public breastfeeding. Methods: A population-based public opinion telephone survey of non-institutionalized New York City residents 18 years and older was conducted by the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. Results: Overall, 50.4% of respondents were not supportive of public breastfeeding. In the multivariable analysis, there was significant variation in support by race/ethnicity, age, and education. There were no significant differences in support by sex, receipt of food stamps, nativity, or the presence of children younger than 12 years in the home. One-third (33.2%) of respondents were uncomfortable with women breastfeeding near them in public. There was significant variation by education in the multivariable analysis. Lack of comfort was highest among those with a high school education or less (39.9%) and some college (33.8%). Conclusion: New York City residents are conflicted about whether breastfeeding is a private act or one that can be done in public. For women who want to continue with their intention to breastfeed exclusively, the negative opinion of other residents may cause them to breastfeed only in private, thereby limiting the opportunity to breastfeed for the recommended time.
No Nouns, No Verbs: Psycholinguistic Arguments in Favor of Lexical Underspecification

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

It is often assumed that the primitive units of grammar are words that aremarked for grammatical category (e.g., DiSciullo, A.M., Williams, E., 1987.On the Definition of Word: MIT Press, Cambridge, MA). Based on a review ofresearch in linguistics, neurolinguistics, and developmental psychology, weargue that dividing the lexicon into categories such as noun and verb offersno descriptive edge, and adds unnecessary complexity to both the theory ofgrammar and language acquisition. Specifically, we argue that a theorywithout lexical categories provides a better account of creative languageuse and category-specific neurological deficits, while also offering anatural solution to the bootstrapping problem in language acquisition(Pinker, S., 1982. A theory of the acquisition of lexico-interpretivegrammars. In: Bresnan, J. (Ed.), The Mental Representation of GrammaticalRelations. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 655– 726).
Beyond the Micro Level: A Value-Based Approach to Enhancing Personal Outcomes for Persons with Disabilities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we argue for a value-based approach to enhancing personal outcomes for persons with a disability. Personal outcomes extend the psychological micro level. The rationale behind a value-based holistic approach is found in seven international movements that are influencing societal views and practices regarding persons with intellectual disability and related developmental disabilities (IDD). An explicit framework that goes beyond the psychological micro level in supporting people with a disability should come in place. In this paper, we argue for a value-based approach to enhancing personal outcomes for persons with a disability. In the field of disability, the concept of quality of life has evolved from a sensitizing notion to a measurable construct that includes eight domains and their respective indicators listed in Table 1. The QOL conceptual and measurement framework as summarized in Table 1 has been empirically validated across different cultures and countries [1-3]. In terms of personal outcomes, the concept of quality of life allows one to understand the context of human functioning and the potential of individuals to grow and develop across each of the eight domains summarized in Table 1.
2,3-Dihalo-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1-propenes as versatile reagents for the synthesis of annulated furans and cyclopentenones

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2,3-Dihalo-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1-propenes as versatile reagents for the synthesis of annulated furans and cyclopentenonesAlbert Padwa, Masaru Ishida, Cheryl L. Muller, and S. Shaun MurphreeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 4, 1170–1178Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00030a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00030a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views262Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
INTEGRATIVE SUMMARY OF THE THIRD PM COLLOQUIUM

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Research on human exposure to ambient air particulate matter (PM) reported on at the Third PM Colloquium indicates that the field is now moving beyond descriptive reports that focused largely on gravimetric concentrations of PM in ambient air and in other microenvironments, and their associations with indices of short-term changes in rates of mortality and morbidity. There is now a welcome shift in emphasis toward a more detailed analysis of PM exposures and dosimetry in terms of size-segregated PM fractions (PM10, PM2.5, and ultrafines) and their chemical constituents, as well as toward biological response measures. Such responses shed light on the underlying mechanisms that account for both short-and long-term responses to ambient air PM and copollutants on the respiratory tract, the cardiovascular system, and immune function. Through both the formal presentations of research findings and the opportunities provided for more informal discussions of mutual interest, this Third Colloquium has enhanced oppo...
Another Modernism? Form, Content and Meanings of the New Housing Architecture of Hanoi

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The study deals with the issue of how to understand and assess modern architecture in a non-Western context. Is there a non-Western modern architecture in its own right and with meanings connected to the local context or is it mere copy of Western modern architecture? At the primary level the study discusses the meanings and directions of contemporary architecture in a modernising society such as Vietnam, using a number of new private houses of Hanoi as case studies. At a more theoretical level it treats the issue of modern architecture outside the Western context and its relation to modern Western architecture. The study is based on two kinds of empirical sources: the architecture of selected new private houses of Hanoi, and the Vietnamese professional discourse on modern architecture. The views of the house owners and architects are highlighted. The owners' views on the new houses were obtained in a field study in which a number of new middle class private houses built during the 1990s were visited and in-depth interviews carried out with the owners. The professional discourse is derived from written texts in major Vietnamese architectural journals and publications. The study finds that although the new houses use 'modern' or foreign inspired architectural elements, there are many aspects of the spatial arrangement and use of space that are based on traditional practices and beliefs. There are several meanings to the 'modern' look of the houses that are context specific. It is part of the owners' strategies for definition of identity and status, progress and success. It embodies the spirit of "catching up" of the house owners, emerging middle class Vietnamese who aspire to a modern future of well being and progress, and leaving behind the past of poverty and difficulty. The designs of the new houses of Hanoi express the modernisation spirit in Vietnam, in which aspirations for modern progress and success are combined with traditional beliefs in the national and social order. They express a Vietnamese middle class vision of future life in which modern objects are the desired material reality, while communication with ancestors provides the continuity and stability to social and spiritual life. The designs of the new houses can be seen as examples of a symbiosis in which the modern form and the traditional content coexist in a single whole. They can also be seen as illustrations of another modernism in which the traditional is used to complement, and not to contradict the modern, a modernism that is based on the symbiosis of modern form and traditional content. By highlighting the owners' view on their houses and the views of Vietnamese architects on contemporary architecture for Vietnam, the study wishes to provide a local perspective to a global, often Western dominated, discourse on modern architecture and modernism. One of the main arguments that the study wishes to put forward is that modern architecture in Vietname or elsewhere needs to be studied on its own terms.
Refractory Hyperlactatemia with Organ Insufficiency in Lipid Storage Myopathy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lipid storage myopathy is a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormal lipid accumulation in muscle fibers and progressive muscle weakness. Here, we report the case of a 17-year-old woman with progressive muscle weakness, refractory hyperlactatemia, and multiple organ insufficiency. Severe pneumonia was the initial diagnosis. After anti-infective treatment, fluid resuscitation, and mechanical ventilation, the patient's symptoms improved but hyperlactatemia and muscle weakness persisted. She was empirically treated with carnitine. Biochemical tests, electromyography, and muscle biopsy confirmed lipid storage myopathy. After 7 weeks of treatment, the patient resumed normal daily life. An empirical treatment with carnitine may be beneficial for patients before an accurate diagnosis of lipid storage myopathy is made.
Expression Profiling in Ovarian Cancer Reveals Coordinated Regulation of BRCA1/2 and Homologous Recombination Genes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Predictive biomarkers are crucial in clarifying the best strategy to use poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) for the greatest benefit to ovarian cancer patients. PARPi are specifically lethal to cancer cells that cannot repair DNA damage by homologous recombination (HR), and HR deficiency is frequently associated with BRCA1/2 mutations. Genetic tests for BRCA1/2 mutations are currently used in the clinic, but results can be inconclusive due to the high prevalence of rare DNA sequence variants of unknown significance. Most tests also fail to detect epigenetic modifications and mutations located deep within introns that may alter the mRNA. The aim of this study was to investigate whether quantitation of BRCA1/2 mRNAs in ovarian cancer can provide information beyond the DNA tests. Using the nCounter assay from NanoString Technologies, we analyzed RNA isolated from 38 ovarian cancer specimens and 11 normal fallopian tube samples. We found that BRCA1/2 expression was highly variable among tumors. We further observed that tumors with lower levels of BRCA1/2 mRNA showed downregulated expression of 12 additional HR genes. Analysis of 299 ovarian cancer samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) confirmed the coordinated expression of BRCA1/2 and HR genes. To facilitate the routine analysis of BRCA1/2 mRNA in the clinical setting, we developed a targeted droplet digital PCR approach that can be used with FFPE samples. In conclusion, this study underscores the potential clinical benefit of measuring mRNA levels in tumors when BRCA1/2 DNA tests are negative or inconclusive.
Superiorization of EM algorithm and its application in Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography(SPECT)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper,we presented an efficient algorithm to implement the regularization reconstruction of SPECT.Image reconstruction with priori assumptionsis usually modeled as a constrained optimization problem.However, there is no efficient algorithm to solve it due to the large scale of the problem.In this paper, we used thesuperiorization of the expectation maximization (EM) iteration toimplement the regularization reconstruction of SPECT.We first investigated the convergent conditions of the EM iteration in the presence of perturbations.Secondly, we designed the superiorized EM algorithm based on the convergent conditions, and thenproposed a modified version of it.Furthermore, we gave two methods to generate desired perturbations for two special objective functions.Numerical experiments for SPECT image reconstruction were conducted to validate theperformance of the proposed algorithms.The experiments show that the superiorized EM algorithms are more stable and robust fornoised projection data and initial image than the classic EM algorithm,and outperform the classic EM algorithm interms of mean square error and visual quality of the reconstructed images.
Влияние имплантации ионов As-=SUP=-+-=/SUP=- и последующего отжига на электрические свойства приповерхностных слоев варизонных пленок n-Hg-=SUB=-0.78-=/SUB=-Cd-=SUB=-0.22-=/SUB=-Te

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Films of n-Hg0.775Cd0.225Te with near-surface wide-gap layers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Si (013) substrates. To measure the admittance, metal – insulator – semiconductor (MIS) structures were fabricated on the basis of the as-grown HgCdTe film, films after implantation, and films after implantation and annealing. Using techniques that take into account the presence of graded-gap layers and slow interface states, the main parameters of the near-surface layers of HgCdTe films have been determined after the technological procedures used to create photodiodes.
The Role of Averaging for Improving Sea Surface Salinity Retrieval from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) Satellite and Impact of Auxiliary Data

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) was chosen as the European Space Agency’s second Earth Explorer Opportunity mission. One of the objectives is to retrieve sea surface salinity (SSS) from measured brightness temperatures (TBs) at L band with a precision of 0.2 practical salinity units (psu) with averages taken over 200 km by 200 km areas and 10 days [as suggested in the requirements of the Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE)]. The retrieval is performed here by an inverse model and additional information of auxiliary SSS, sea surface temperature (SST), and wind speed (W). A sensitivity study is done to observe the influence of the TBs and auxiliary data on the SSS retrieval. The key role of TB and W accuracy on SSS retrieval is verified. Retrieval is then done over the Atlantic for two cases. In case A, auxiliary data are simulated from two model outputs by adding white noise. The more realistic case B uses independent databases for reference and auxiliary ocean parameters. For these cases, the RMS error of retrieved SSS on pixel scale is around 1 psu (1.2 for case B). Averaging over GODAE scales reduces the SSS error by a factor of 12 (4 for case B). The weaker error reduction in case B is most likely due to the correlation of errors in auxiliary data. This study shows that SSS retrieval will be very sensitive to errors on auxiliary data. Specific efforts should be devoted to improving the quality of auxiliary data.
Repression of the RHOH gene by JunD

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

RhoH is a member of the Rho family of small GTP-binding proteins that lacks GTPase activity. Since RhoH is constantly bound by GTP, it is thought to be constitutively active and controlled predominantly by changes in quantitative expression. RhoH is produced specifically in haematopoietic cells and aberrant expression has been linked to various forms of leukaemia. Transcription of the RHOH gene is the first level at which the quantitative levels of the RhoH protein are regulated. Previous studies have demonstrated that RHOH gene transcription is initiated by three distinct promoter regions designated P1, P2 and P3 that define the 5′ end of exons 1, 2 and 4 respectively. In the present study we report that the P3 promoter is largely responsible for RHOH gene transcription in the B-lymphocytic cell line Raji. The P3 promoter contains a minimal promoter region and a repressor region extending from −236 to +67 and +68 to +245 respectively, relative to the 5′ end of exon 4. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that two AP1 (activator protein 1) sites in the minimal promoter region bind JunD. When JUND is overexpressed, the endogenous RHOH gene is repressed; however, when JUND is inhibited, expression of endogenous RHOH is induced both in the Raji cell line and AML (acute myeloid leukaemia) cells. In the HCL (hairy cell leukaemia) cell line JOK-1, induction of RHOH increases expression of the α isoform of protein kinase C. This downstream target of RHOH is also induced in AML cells by JUND inhibition. Collectively, these data indicate that JunD is an inhibitor of RHOH gene expression.