jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Respiratory muscle activation, breathing pattern and respiratory muscle oxygen availability during Tapered Flow Resistive Loading and Normocapnic Hyperpnea in COPD

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Respiratory muscle responses evoked by different types of Inspiratory Muscle Loading (IML) in COPD patients are not fully comprehended. Aim: To compare diaphragm and rib cage respiratory muscles activation, breathing pattern and muscle oxygen availability among two types of IML in COPD. Methods: In 15 COPD patients (age 65±6, 50% male, FEV1 59±27%pred, Pimax 86±18%pred) Diaphragm (di), Scalene (sca), Sternocleidomastoid (scm), Intercostal (ic) and Abdominal (abd) electromyogram (EMG) and oxygen availability (StiO2), tidal volume, duty cycle and transdiaphragmatic (Pdi) and esophageal (Pes) pressures were assessed during Tapered Flow Resistive Loading (TFRL) mimicking high-intensity Inspiratory Muscle Training (50±8%Pimax) and Normocapnic Hyperpnea (NH) (73±17%MVV) mimicking ventilatory responses during a high-intensity endurance cycling test. Results: Despite similar EMGdi and EMGabd, non-diaphragmatic inspiratory muscle EMG was significantly higher during TFRL (table 1). Breathing pattern was slower and deeper, while Pes and Pdi were higher during TFRL. Oxygen availability of non-diaphragmatic inspiratory muscles was lower during TFRL whilst similar in the ABD. Conclusion: In patients with COPD, TFRL produced larger activation and metabolic stress in non-diaphragmatic inspiratory muscles as compared to NH.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN EXPLICIT INSTRUCTION TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS V

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research is a quantitative research that aims to determine the effect of the Explicit Instruction learning model on student learning outcomes of light material and its nature in grade V SD Inpres Tuadale West Kupang. The method in this study uses the Pre-experimental design research method in the form of One Group Pretest-Posttest design. The subject of this study was a grade V student of SD Inpres Tuadale. This data analysis technique is a quantitative data analysis technique using SPSS version 23 for windows. The data analysis method in this study is using normality test, homogeneity test and hypothesis test. Furthermore, the results showed that the significant value of the normality test was 0.200 > 0.05 so that the data was normally distributed, the homogeneity test results showed Levene's (sig) of 0.578 > 0.05 so that the data obtained were homogeneous. The results of hypothesis testing, using paired sample T-test showed that the significance value (2-tailed) was 0.000 < 0.05 so that H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted. Based on the results of the study, it can be said that there is a significant influence between the Explicit Instruction learning model on the learning outcomes of light material students and their nature in grade V SD Inpres Tuadale West Kupang.
Research on the Prediction Method of Weighted Regression Based on Sample Size

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Regression analysis is a prediction method to determine the dependence between controllable variables and expected values of predictors. It is worth noting that the reality often cannot get the complete data in the study, this makes the regression analysis result is affected, although the study of classical regression model is more, but most are based on sample data integrity, data completely reliable as the basic premise, and does not take into account the sample data reliability problems caused by incomplete samples reliable degree affect the nature of the result of the regression model. This paper is based on statistical theory. The effect of sample size on prediction results is analyzed, the measurement strategy of sample credibility based on sample size is given, a sample aggregation method based on mean value is proposed, a weighted regression model based on sample size is established. Then, the comparative analysis is carried out by combining the concrete case with the common regression method. The results show that this method has good interpretability and maneuverability, and enriches the existing regression methods to some extent.
S1416 Medicaid Expansion Is Associated with Decreased Gastric Cancer Incidence

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Individuals in Medicaid expanded states have increased access to treatment for medical conditions and other health care resources, including preventive healthcare. Esophageal and gastric cancer are associated with several modifiable risk factors (i.e. smoking, drinking, obesity, Helicobacter pylori infection). The impact of Medicaid expansion on gastric and esophageal cancer incidence and mortality remains uninvestigated. Methods: We evaluated the association between Medicaid expansion and gastric and esophageal cancer incidence and mortality in adults aged 25-64. This study employed an observational design using a difference-in-differences method with state level data from 31 states (given the availability of complete data), from 2010 – 2017. Annual, age-adjusted gastric and esophageal incidence and mortality rates, from the CDC Wonder Database, were analyzed and were accounted for by ICD-O-3 and ICD-10, respectively. Rates were adjusted for gender, race, poverty, median household income, unemployment, insurance, smoking, alcohol consumption, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and number of physicians per 100,000 population. Results: In expansion states, median (IQR) gastric cancer incidence was unchanged: from 4.6 (4.2-5.2) to 4.6 (4.1-5.4) per 100,000 population from the pre-expansion to post-expansion period. There was an increase in median (IQR) gastric cancer incidence among non-expansion states, from 4.6 (4.2-5.0) to 4.8 (4.3-5.1) per 100,000 from pre- to post-expansion. There was no considerable change in gastric cancer mortality and esophageal cancer incidence and mortality pre- and post- expansion. Adjusted analyses demonstrate that expansion states had significantly fewer new cases of gastric cancer: -1.6 (95% CI: 0.2-3.5; P = .08) per 1,000,000 persons per year. No significant association was seen between Medicaid expansion and gastric cancer mortality (0.46 [95% CI: -0.08-0.17; P = .46]) and esophageal cancer incidence (0.8 [95% CI: -0.08- 0.24; P = .33]) and mortality (1.0 [95% CI: -0.06-0.26; P = 0.21]) in multivariable analyses. Annual adjusted medians for gastric and esophageal cancer mortality and incidence are shown in Figure 1. Conclusion: States that adopted Medicaid expansion saw a decrease in gastric cancer incidence among adults aged 25-64 when compared to states that did not expand Medicaid. Though several factors may influence gastric cancer incidence, this association is important to consider during health policy negotiations.Figure 1.: Annual distribution of age-adjusted gastric and esophageal cancer incidence and mortality rates pre- and post- Medicaid expansion.Table 1.: Comparison of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of Expansion Vs Non-Expansion States based on 2010 data.
An experimental investigation of the effect of TV cooking show consumption on children's food choice behaviour

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract For several decades, television consumption has been crucial in the complex web of factors underlying the obesity epidemic. It has been suggested that if television cooking shows would endorse healthy eating styles, they may have positive effects on consumers’ eating habits. This study empirically investigated the consequences of exposing children ( N = 85, aged 9–12 years) to an existing television cooking show episode endorsing the consumption of fruits and vegetables compared with exposure to a non‐food‐related science show. The measures included pre‐test and post‐test attitudes toward health/nutrition and fruits/vegetables, as well as state preferences for a list of healthy and unhealthy foods. At the end of the study, children were separately given the choice between a popular cookie and a piece of fruit as a reward; this was used as a behavioural measure. The results of a logistic regression on the behavioural choice measure showed that the mere exposure to one episode of the television cooking show significantly increased the odds that the children would choose a piece of fruit over a cookie. Repeated‐measures analyses showed that watching this single episode also decreased children's state appetite for unhealthy foods. State appetites for healthy foods and attitudes toward health/nutrition or fruits/vegetables did not change after watching the television cooking show episode. In sum, existing television cooking shows that endorse healthy eating positively influence children's food consumption in the short term and may have the potential to be used as platforms for nutrition education.
The administrative impact of international municipal cooperation on Canadian cities and towns: an assessment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract: In recent years, Canadian cities and towns have become increasingly involved in international cooperation projects with partner municipalities located in other parts of the developing world. For the most part, as a number of studies have shown, such initiatives have brought real benefits to municipalities in developing areas in terms of improved structures of local governance, facilities and services to citizens. At the same time, the literature has much less to say about the impact of such involvement on “donor” municipalities in Canada or elsewhere. This is especially true of the possible negative consequences of international participation for municipal administrations and especially for the employees involved. Using a case‐study approach, this study provides in‐depth examination of two exchanges, involving the municipalities of Kitimat (B.C.) and Charlesbourg (Quebec), in order to explore more fully this aspect of international cooperation. While in both cases the advantages of international municipal cooperation projects for the Canadian cities involved are apparent, equally evident are a range of deleterious effects directly affecting administration. By way of conclusion, the study considers a number of measures that may help mitigate such effects. Sommaire: Depuis quelques années, les villes canadiennes participent de plus en plus aux projets de coopération internationale avec des municipalités partenaires situées dans des pays en voie de développement. Dans la plupart des cas, comme I'indique un certain nombre d'études, ces initiatives ont apporté des avantages réels aux municipalités dans les régions en voie de développement, sous forme d'amélioration des structures de gouvernance locale, des installations et des services foumis aux citoyens. Par contre, peu d'auteurs ont décrit I'effet de cette participation sur les municipalités donatrices au Canada ou ailleurs. Cela conceme particulièrement les conéquences éventuellement négatives de la participation internationale sur I'administration municipale et particulièrement sur les employés impliqués. À partir d'une étude de cas, la présente étude examine en détail deux échanges mettant en jeules municipalités de Kitimat (C.‐B.) et Charlesbourg (Québec), afin de mieux cerner cet aspect de la collaboration intemationale. Bien que, dans les deux cas, les avantages des projets de coopération municipale intemationale soient apparents pour les villes canadiennes participantes, on voit se profiler une gamme d'effets nocifs frappant directement l'administration. En conclusion, l'étude considère plusieurs mesures qui pourraient aider à atténuer ces effects.
Supplementary Surveillance of Poliovirus Circulation in the Russian Federation: Results of a Study on Migrant Children of “Risk Group”

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The detection of “silent” poliovirus (PV) circulation among clinically healthy populations is an important component of supplementary surveillance for poliomyelitis. Migrants from countries or regions where polio is endemic, affected by outbreaks, or at risk may contribute to the introduction of PVs of epidemic significance: wild poliovirus type 1, vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs), or poliovirus type 2 into polio-free countries. Migrant children, refugees under 5 years of age, are considered a “risk group” in Russia and are subject to testing for PVs. During 2014–2023, guided by the algorithm of virological and molecular investigation of acute flaccid paralysis cases recommended by the WHO, 51,548 migrant children, arriving from 40 countries, were examined. Among 4% of children excreting various cytopathogenic viruses, polio excretors accounted for 20.8%. Among the PVs, PV3 was predominant (41.7%), and PV types 2, 1, and a mixture of PVs accounted for, respectively, 28.2%, 18.8%, and 11.3%. All isolates of PVs 1 and 3 were identified as Sabin-like. The detection of five children excreting epidemically significant PV2 (four VDPV2 and one Sabin-like) required an assessment of the risk of dissemination and additional immunization activities. Among 580 identified isolates of NPEV, the most abundant was the E. betacoxsakie species at 73.8% (CVB1–6, E11, E6, E13, E7). Information on NPEVs expands our knowledge of the spectrum of NPEVs circulating among healthy children worldwide, but its prognostic significance is still unclear. The detection of PVs in children from the “risk group” allows targeted anti-epidemic measures and is a significant advantage of this type of supplementary surveillance for polio.
Experimentally induced chronic pancreatitis in dogs by ligation of pancreatic lobes.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

We have noticed chronic changes in the ligated lobes of 5 of our experimental animals, but in the middle lobe no changes occurred. These morphological changes were proved by histological examination. These changes were of different severity according to the duration of pancreatic outflow disturbance, the longer the duration of the disturbance, the more severe were the changes, the duration of the disturbance, the more severe were the changes. The main cause of chronic pancreatitis, and the other causes such as alcohol, biliary tract diseases, hyperparathyroidism, hyperlipaemia, etc., are only secondary to that. And only if we eliminate the cause of disturbance of pancreatic outflow can we prevent the progress of the disease and improve the function of the gland.
The discovery of functional single nucleotide polymorphisms and novel gene mechanisms that may explain mortality and organ dysfunction in septic shock

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Septic shock (sepsis accompanied by cardiovascular failure) is an extreme manifestation of the host inflammatory response to severe infection. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) super family induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways play a critical role in the pathophysiology of the disease. A better understanding of how TNFα induced NF-κB signaling influences the pathogenesis of septic shock is imperative. NF-κB signaling is activated by a canonical pathway or a non-canonical pathway. The canonical NF-κB pathway requires the IκB kinase (IKK) complex comprised of IKKα/β/γ. Activation of the IKK complex in response to inflammatory stimuli, such as TNFα, results in ubiquitin-dependent degradation of IκBα or IκBβ, releasing p50 related dimers to the nucleus. In response to TNFα superfamily induced inflammation in the non-canonical pathway, NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK), a docking molecule, recruits IΚΚα to p100 thus activating IΚΚα. This phosphorylates p100, which is then degraded, releasing p52 containing RelB heterodimers to the nucleus. It has been shown that genetic variation in key inflammatory genes contributes to outcome in sepsis. We hypothesized that genetic variation in genes of TNFα super family induced NF- κB signaling would be associated with mortality in septic shock. Specifically, we first tested the hypothesis that genetic variation within the cytosolic members of the canonical and noncanonical pathway may be associated with mortality in septic shock. We found that the CC genotype of NIK rs7222094 is associated with increased mortality and organ dysfunction in septic shock patients. This is perhaps due to altered regulation of NF-κB pathway genes, including CXCL10. We then tested the hypothesis that genetic variation in genes upregulated by these pathways may be associated with mortality in septic shock. We showed that the G allele of TNFAIP2 rs8126 is associated with increased mortality and organ dysfunction in septic shock patients. We then elucidated a novel biological mechanism whereby TNFAIP2 is a novel inhibitor of Ras, CREB and NF-κB; TNFAIP2 levels are controlled by rs8126; and these by allele differences are reflected in the inhibiton of Ras, CREB and NF-κB.
Author response for "Probabilistic assessment of <scp>D‐STATCOM</scp> operation considering correlated uncertain variables"

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Get your research seenMake an impact with these nine promotional tools. SEO• Use relevant keywords to make your title and abstract clear and easy to search for.• Off-page SEO strategies, like link building, can help get your paper seen. Conferences• Whether you're networking informally or presenting, think about some simple messages to promote your work.
ChemInform Abstract: Inhibitors of MMP‐1: An Examination of P′ 1 Cα gem‐ Disubstitution in the Succinamide Hydroxamate Series

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Investigation of Ga–Nb co-doped barium strontium titanate ceramics for DC-bias free dielectrics

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The Ba 0.8 Sr 0.2 Ti 1−2 x Ga x Nb x O 3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.10) ceramics were fabricated and the electrical properties were evaluated regarding DC-bias and temperature characteristics of the dielectric properties. The ceramics with x = 0.10 exhibited a stable dielectric constant with a change of–40% within 25 °C–150 °C. The dielectric loss of all the co-doped ceramics was below 2% within 25 °C–200 °C. The Ba 0.8 Sr 0.2 Ti 1−2 x Ga x Nb x O 3 ceramics showed a higher dielectric constant with a lower DC-bias dependence as compared to previous study on co-doped BaTiO 3 ceramics. The Ba 0.8 Sr 0.2 Ti 0.20 Ga 0.10 Nb 0.10 O 3 ceramics exhibited the best results of DC-bias dependence ≈−24%, dielectric constant at 100 kV cm −1 ≈ 560, and the dielectric constant at 0 kV cm −1 ≈ 735. The better results for the Ga–Nb co-doped BST ceramics might be due to the higher contribution of the ionic polarization in the BST base matrix resulting in a shallower potential energy curve.
ChemInform Abstract: .mu±eta.2:η2‐Peroxo Binuclear Copper Complex, (Cu(HB(3,5‐iPr2pz)3))2(O2).

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ChemInformVolume 21, Issue 11 Organoelement Compounds ChemInform Abstract: .mu±eta.2:η2-Peroxo Binuclear Copper Complex, (Cu(HB(3,5-iPr2pz)3))2(O2). N. KITAJIMA, N. KITAJIMA Res. Lab. Resources Util., Tokyo Inst. Technol., Midori, Yokohama 227, Jap.Search for more papers by this authorK. FUJISAWA, K. FUJISAWA Res. Lab. Resources Util., Tokyo Inst. Technol., Midori, Yokohama 227, Jap.Search for more papers by this authorY. MORO-OKA, Y. MORO-OKA Res. Lab. Resources Util., Tokyo Inst. Technol., Midori, Yokohama 227, Jap.Search for more papers by this authorK. TORIUMI, K. TORIUMI Res. Lab. Resources Util., Tokyo Inst. Technol., Midori, Yokohama 227, Jap.Search for more papers by this author N. KITAJIMA, N. KITAJIMA Res. Lab. Resources Util., Tokyo Inst. Technol., Midori, Yokohama 227, Jap.Search for more papers by this authorK. FUJISAWA, K. FUJISAWA Res. Lab. Resources Util., Tokyo Inst. Technol., Midori, Yokohama 227, Jap.Search for more papers by this authorY. MORO-OKA, Y. MORO-OKA Res. Lab. Resources Util., Tokyo Inst. Technol., Midori, Yokohama 227, Jap.Search for more papers by this authorK. TORIUMI, K. TORIUMI Res. Lab. Resources Util., Tokyo Inst. Technol., Midori, Yokohama 227, Jap.Search for more papers by this author First published: March 13, 1990 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.199011262Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume21, Issue11March 13, 1990 RelatedInformation
A Novel Proposal for a Cloud-Based Distance Education Model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Advancements in technology, especially the availability of the Internet, have brought a revolutionary change in the education sector, increasing the scope of online education worldwide.Today distance education is vastly dependent on elearning portals.In addition, the cloud and virtualization technology have gained popularity.Many universities providing distance education are moving away from physical infrastructure to cloud computing due to its features and advantages.Cloud-based e-learning and distance education platforms are cost effective in comparison with other services.The aim of this paper is to propose a new cloud-based distance education model: Distance Education as a Service (DEaaS).Moreover, this paper aims to discuss how underprivileged students and children from underdeveloped countries can benefit from cloud-based distance education.
Routine Absorption Mode FTMS Data Display with an Ethoxylated Anionic Detergent as a Dual-Role (Mass and Phase) Calibrant

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Absorption mode display of Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS) data is known to improve both peak shape and resolution. Most FTMS data, however, are shown in magnitude mode due to the lack of a routine for determining the phase of ions that are necessary for absorption mode display. Despite the recent development of phase calibration methods, the use of absorption mode processing as a routine has been inhibited by the lack of a good phase calibration standard, particularly a standard that can be used as both a mass and a phase calibrant. A dual-role calibrant will enable the consolidation of mass and phase calibration into a single step making phase calibration as accessible as mass calibration without any incremental increase in complexity in the calibration procedure. We tested a series of detergents and found Triton QS-15, an anionic detergent, suitable as a dual-role calibrant. Additionally, Triton QS-15 produces both positive and negative ion series and thus can be used as a calibrant in both ionization modes. The establishment of a phase calibration routine helps to enable the application of FTMS in areas that require extreme mass resolution. One of the areas is the separation of the fine isotopic peaks of molecules with a large molecular mass (e.g., > 500 u). For data acquired using an ion cyclotron resonance instrument with a small magnet (e.g., 7 Tesla), there may not be adequate mass resolution to establish a useful isotopic fine structure if the data is displayed in the historical magnitude mode. A mere switch to the absorption mode display makes the isotopic fine structure (IFS) readily available for molecular formula determination. Graphical Abstract x.