jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Induction and Maintenance Immunosuppression Regimens in Intestinal and Multivisceral Transplant

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim Induction and maintenance immunosuppression regimens in intestinal transplant widely vary among centers. The aim of this study was to investigate an association between immunosuppression regimens and transplant outcomes. Methods We examined the patients who underwent primary intestinal/multivisceral transplant between January 1, 2001 and March 31, 2017 by using the United Network Organ Sharing registry. Intestine transplant without liver graft group and intestine and liver transplant group were separately analyzed. Patients were categorized based on immunosuppression regimens. Induction regimen groups included none, anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) with or without rituximab, basiliximab, and alemtuzumab. Additional maintenance agent groups included none, mycophenolic acid, and sirolimus/everlolimus (mTOR-i). Graft and patient survival, death associated with infection, and incidence of acute rejection were evaluated using Cox and logistic multivariable analyses. Risks were adjusted for recipient age/ethnicity/functional status, donor age, and ischemia time. Results A total of 1676 patients were eligible for this study (intestine without liver [n=780], intestine with liver [n=896]). In the intestine without liver group, alemtuzumab (hazard ratio [HR]=0.56, P=0.012) and mTOR-i (HR=0.62, P=0.026) showed significantly better graft survival, compared with ATG+rituximab and no additional maintenance agent, respectively. In the intestine with liver group, there was no induction regimen superior to others regarding graft/patient survival, whereas a risk of death associated with infection was lowest in the ATG+rituximab group and highest in the alemtuzumab group (HR=3.324, P=0.034). The mTOR-i group showed significantly better graft outcome in intestine and liver transplant (HR=0.476, P=0.003 [Ref. no additional maintenance agent]).A risk of acute rejection was significantly higher in the groups of ATG alone or almtuzumab, compared with the ATG+rituximab group, regardless of a graft type.Conclusion Our results suggested that alemtuzumab induction with mTOR-i as an additional maintenance agent seemed appropriate in intestinal transplant without liver graft, and that ATG+rituximab induction with mTOR-i may be better option in intestinal transplant with liver graft.
PARENTAL PARTICIPATION TO MOTIVATE STUDENTS IN LEARNING ENGLISH DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: THE CASE OF INDONESIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research seeks to investigate the role of parents in the success of children's education. It is intended to evaluate parents' role and evaluate the participation of parents in the success of elementary school students in learning English. The qualitative approach was used in this study to derive the findings by using a questionnaire and documentation from the research subject. In this report, there are 28 students and parents involved. Furthermore, the data processing method is used to accumulate the data, reduce the data, show the data, and make a conclusion. The outcome of this research is a perfect reflection of the standards of English learning success by parents. In learning vocabulary, parents understand the limitations and challenges of their children. Parents' role is also excellent; 91 percent of parents help children learn English provides benefits, and positively affect children. Then, 23 percent of parents are only interested in getting support at home with children's education; therefore, the family or siblings can help unless the child has problems.
Structure and Solution Properties of High Molecular Weight Butadiene-Styrene Copolymers

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Production of high molecular weight copolymers of butadiene and styrene for use in oil-extended rubbers has aroused interest in the solution properties of copolymers above the molecular weight range commonly encountered in commercial practice. It has been observed that solubility of such polymers in toluene is a time-dependent phenomenon and the apparent solubility can increase continuously, in the absence of agitation, for as long as 800 hours. Although a standard Harris cage solubility test may show the presence of 50% gel, other properties do not confirm the presence of any appreciable quantities of insoluble material. Mild agitation rapidly promotes almost complete solubility. Dilute solution viscosity measurements are very misleading unless the influence of solution time is recognized and apparent intrinsic viscosities rise progressively with time of contact of the sample with solvent. This time-dependence of solution has been found to occur at conversions higher than 50% and is also a function of the amount of modifier used in the polymerization recipe. It has not been possible to shorten the solution time for viscosity measurements by mild heating or gentle agitation. Mixed solvents cause a change in the amount of increase of the apparent intrinsic viscosity but do not shorten the time to equilibrium. Measurement of the slope constant in the Huggins viscosity equation indicate that these solubility and viscosity effects coincide with the appearance of a marked degree of branching in the polymer molecules. The effect is, therefore, interpreted as being caused by the relatively slow disentanglement of molecules of complex structure.
Cluster Randomization Trials: A Simulation Study

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

A simulation study is conducted to compare several methods that test the common log odds ratio in multiple 2 × 2 tables when the data are correlated within clusters. Allowing cluster size to vary within each table, we evaluate the unadjusted Mantel-Haenszel chi-square statistic (χ2MH), the adjusted Mantel-Haenszel chi-square statistics of Rao and Scott using both an unpooled design effect (χ2RSN) and a pooled design effect (χ2RSP), the adjusted Mantel-Haenszel chi-square statistic of Donald and Donner (χ2DD), the chi-square statistic using the GEE approach (χ2GEE), the adjusted Mantel-Haenszel chi-square statistic of Begg (χ2B), the Wald (χ2W), the robust Wald (χ2RW), the score (χ2S), the robust score (χ2RS), and the adjusted Mantel-Haenszel chi-square statistics of Zhang and Boos (χ2ZBP and χ2ZBN). The test statistics above are compared in terms of empirical significance levels and empirical power levels. The robust score statistic χ2RS and the adjusted Mantel-Haenszel chi-square statistics of Zhang and Boos (χ2ZBP and χ2ZBN) generally have empirical significance levels closer to the nominal value than the other statistics. These three statistics have similar empirical power levels when the intracluster correlation is zero or the cluster sizes are balanced. χ2RS performs better in terms of empirical power levels when a positive intracluster correlation exists in the imbalance setting.
Pica in Childhood: Concurrent and Sequential Psychiatric Comorbidity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: Pica is the persistent eating of nonnutritive, nonfood substances, and is associated with serious medical consequences. There has been a lack of research into the psychiatric comorbidities of pica, despite being important for informing clinical care. The current study examines psychiatric comorbidities of pica in childhood and the longitudinal relationship between childhood pica and adolescent eating disorders. METHOD: We analyzed data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children study. Pica and psychopathology, assessed with the Development and Well-Being Assessment and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, were assessed at about 7- and 10-years of age, and reported eating disorders (EDs) at 14-, 16-, and 18-years of age. We conducted linear and logistic regression models, adjusting for covariates, to identify concurrent psychiatric comorbidities, as well as risk for later EDs. We conducted the Benjamini-Hochberg correction procedure to correct for multiple testing. RESULTS: Pica (prevalence ranged from 0.33% to 2.33% dependent on age) was associated with increased odds of any psychiatric disorder and behavioral disorders in early childhood (OR = 7.30, q < 0.001, and OR = 5.65, q < 0.001, respectively) and mid-childhood (OR = 5.75, q < 0.001, and OR = 10.66, q < 0.001, respectively), and greater concurrent hyperactivity, conduct problems, peer problems, prosocial difficulties, and emotional difficulties (q < 0.01 across analyses). We did not find evidence that pica presence increased odds for concurrent emotional disorders nor for later ED risk. DISCUSSION: The association between pica and psychiatric and behavioral disorders indicates a likely shared etiology. Our findings provide insight into the psychiatric characteristics of children with pica and highlight they may require complex behavioral support beyond their eating difficulties.
Short-term effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril in incipient diabetic nephropathy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The short-term effect (2 weeks) of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (enalapril) on renal hemodynamics and urinary albumin excretion was investigated in eleven normotensive patients with incipient diabetic nephropathy (IDN). Six patients had had elevated baseline glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and each responded to enalapril with a decline in the GFR, from a mean of 160.7 to 134 ml/min/1.73 m2, (p less than 0.05). Their respective filtration fraction values also decreased from a mean of 27.8 to 23.8% (p less than 0.01). Such renal hemodynamic change was accompanied by a decrease in urinary albumin excretion (33 to 19 micrograms/min, p less than 0.05). The remaining 5 patients had displayed normal baseline GFR (mean, 109.6 ml/min/1.73 m2), responded to enalapril with minimal change in the GFR (115.2 ml/min/1.73 m2) and showed no significant improvement in their microalbuminuria. It is concluded that enalapril is effective in lowering glomerular filtration pressure and ameliorating microalbuminuria in the normotensive patient with IDN only when the baseline GFR is elevated.
TELAAH KOMPREHENSIF DIABETES MELITUS: KLASIFIKASI, GEJALA, DIAGNOSIS, PENCEGAHAN, DAN PENGOBATAN

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. In general, diabetes is classified into type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), gestational, and other specific diabetes. The causes of diabetes are genetic disorders and environmental. Common symptoms of diabetes include: polydipsia, polyphagia, glycosuria, polyuria, dehydration, fatigue, weight loss, reduced vision, cramps, constipation, and candida infection. Test for diagnosis of diabetes include: fasting plasma glucose test, plasma glucose test after 2 hours of 75 g oral glucose administration, the glycated hemoglobin test (HbA1C), and random blood glucose test. Prevention of T1DM is still difficult because of the limited knowledge of metabolic, genetic, and immunological processes in the development of T1DM. T2DM is prevented by lifestyle and medical intervention. Insulin is the only drug for T1DM, whereas T2DM is treated with metformin as drug’s primary choice for reducing blood glucose levels. Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit kelainan metabolisme yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia. Secara umum, diabetes diklasifikasikan menjadi: diabetes melitus tipe 1 (DMT1), diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2), gestasional, dan diabetes spesifik lain. Penyebab diabetes adalah kelainan genetik dan lingkungan. Gejala umum diabetes antara lain: polidipsia, polifagia, glikosuria, poliuria, dehidrasi, kelelahan, penurunan berat badan, daya penglihatan berkurang, kram, konstipasi, dan infeksi candida. Pemeriksaaan untuk diagnosis diabetes meliputi: pemeriksaan glukosa plasma saat puasa, pemeriksaan glukosa plasma setelah 2 jam pemberian glukosa oral 75 g, pemeriksaan hemoglobin terglikasi (HbA1C), dan pemeriksaan glukosa darah acak. Pencegahan DMT1 masih sulit karena terbatasnya pengetahuan proses metabolisme, genetik, dan imunologi pada perkembangan DMT1. DMT2 dicegah dengan intervensi gaya hidup dan intervensi medis. Insulin merupakan satu-satunya obat untuk DMT1, sedangkan DMT2 diobati dengan metformin sebagai pilihan utama dan non obat untuk menurunkan kadar glukosa dalam darah.
Do Debt Markets Price Sukuk and Conventional Bonds Differently? هل تسعر أسواق الدين الصكوك والسندات التقليدية بشكل مختلف؟

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

A new type of debt securities called Sukuk certificates have grown to US$ 840 billion in 11 financial markets as of 2011. These Islamic debt instruments share some features similar to conventional bonds, so market operators treat both as bonds. Whether it is appropriate to treat Sukuk certificates as conventional bonds is empirically tested in this paper. If the yields of Sukuk are the same as those of conventional bonds, Granger causality tests could confirm their equivalence. Practically the tests show otherwise. Also, the yields of Sukuk instruments are significantly higher than yields of conventional bonds even after controlling issuers, rating quality and tenure in matched samples tests. Finally, Sukuk issuance affects the issuing firm’s beta risk significantly, which is consistent with capital structure theory. These new findings on the 10-year old Islamic debt market have regulatory and market making policy implications as to whether Sukuk instruments should be classed as a new class of financial instruments, and not as bonds. Future research and market practices have to reinvestigate a number of issues anew because Sukuk market is for a different class of debt. لقد نما نوع جديد من أدوات الدَّيْن - تعرف بشهادات الصكوك- إلى مستوى 840 مليار دولار في أحد عشر مركزًا ماليًا. تشترك هذه الأدوات المالية الإسلامية في عدد من الخصائص مع السندات التقليدية، ولذا فإن المتعاملين في هذه الأسواق يعاملون كلا النوعين؛ السندات والصكوك كأنها سندات دَيْنٍ تقليدية. تقوم هذه الورقة اختبار قياسي ودراسة تجريبية لهذه القناعة التي توصل لها المتعاملون. فلو كانت عوائد الصكوك مساوية لعوائد السندات التقليدية فإن اختبار سببية جرانجر (Granger) سيثبت ذلك؛ غير أن النتائج التي توصلت لها الورقة تثبت عكس ذلك. كما أثبتت الدراسة أن عوائد الصكوك أعلى بكثير من عوائد السندات حتى في ظل فرض بعض المحددات مثل مراقبة المصدرين، ونوعية التصنيف الائتماني. وأخيرًا فإن إصدار الصكوك يؤثر بشكل معتبر في قيمة بيتا (Beta) لمخاطر الإصدار، وهذا ما يتسق مع نظرية هيكلة رأس المال للشركات. إن لهذه النتائج الجديدة على أسواق الدَّيْن الإسلامية انعكاسات فيما يتعلق بكيفية التعامل مع هذا النوع من الأدوات المالية؛ حيث يجب أن تُعامل على أنها أدوات مالية جديدة وليست سندات. كما أن نتائج الدراسة لها انعكاسات وتحديات بالنسبة لنماذج التقييم الجديدة للأدوات المالية.
Application of textlinguistic method in language teaching

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Texts appear as the highest level units in language teaching. Textlinguistics researchers have put forward the thesis that the largest linguistic unit is the text, not the sentence. The main purpose of this research is to determine the effect of using textlinguistic analysis method and its ability to aid students in understanding the texts in language classes and improving and enriching their comprehension and expression skills. The research conducted an experiment and collected data with interviews. The sample of the research consisted of 30 students studying at the University and taking the text linguistics course. Concept Test of Textlinguistic Analysis Method was used in the study. As a result of the research, it was determined that the "Textlinguistic Analysis Method" increased the students' comprehension and expression success in Turkish classes compared to the traditional method and contributed to the increase of their participation in the class. Keywords: Language teaching; linguistics; Turkish text; textlinguistic analysis; stylistics
Abstract 2664: Clinical Outcome and Left Ventricular Contractile Function After Distal Protection in Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention The Drug Elution and Distal Protection in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (DEDICATION) Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Embolization of material from an infarct-related lesion during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may result in an increased infarct size. We evaluated the effect of distal protection during PCI for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) on clinical outcome and myocardial function. Methods and results Patients with STEMI were randomly referred within 12 hours for PCI with (n = 312) or without distal protection (n = 314). Left ventricular (LV) contractile function was assessed with echocardiography 8 month after PCI. Global LV myocardial wall motion index (WMI) was calculated as the average wall motion score of all myocardial segments. Major adverse cardiac and cerebral events (MACCE) 8 months after PCI was 7.1 % after distal protection and 5.7 % after conventional treatment (p = 0.17). WMI improved by 4.1% at 8 months in patients treated with distal protection compared to patients receiving conventional PCI (p<0.01). In myocardium subtended by culprit coronary vessels treated with distal protection regional LV function was 9 –11% higher than myocardial regions treated conventionally (p<0.02). Conclusion Routine use of distal protection during primary PCI is associated with a significant improvement in LV contractile function, with no detectable impact on intermediate term clinical outcome.
Automated Threshold-Based 3D Segmentation Versus Short-Axis Planimetry for Assessment of Global Left Ventricular Function with Dual-Source MDCT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Automated threshold-based 3D segmentation enables accurate and reproducible dual-source CT assessment of LV volume and function with excellent correlation with results of 2D short-axis analysis. Exclusion of papillary muscles from LV volume results in small systematic differences in quantitative values.
Lipophilic O-Antigens in Rhodospirillum tenue

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Ki" should read "Vma,."Page 692, Table 1, column 1, line 4: "DEAE-cellulose-Sephadex" should read "DEAE-Sephadex."Page 695, column 1, lines 18 and 19: "-5.4 and +9.3" should read "+5.4 and -9.3."Page 695, column 2, line 1: "6.7 and 54" should read "42 and -6."
Differential regulation of DNA synthesis by nitric oxide and hydroxyurea in vascular smooth muscle cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We investigated the influence of nitrovasodilators on DNA synthesis in cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells and explored the hypothesis that nitric oxide (NO) is directly involved in mediating the inhibitory effects of hydroxyurea on DNA synthesis. Both NO and hydroxyurea inhibited ongoing DNA synthesis and S phase progression in our cells. Exogenous deoxynucleosides partially reversed this inhibition, suggesting that ribonucleotide reductase is a primary target for both NO and hydroxyurea. Nitrovasodilators inhibited DNA synthesis by releasing NO, as detected by chemiluminescence and as shown by the reversal of DNA synthesis inhibition by NO scavengers. This inhibition appears to occur via a cGMP-independent mechanism. In contrast, hydroxyurea did not produce a detectable NO signal, and NO scavengers had no influence on its inhibition of DNA synthesis, suggesting that NO does not mediate the inhibitory action of hydroxyurea in our system. Furthermore, the action of nitrovasodilators and hydroxyurea on DNA synthesis differed according to redox sensitivity. The redox agents N-acetyl-l-cysteine and ascorbate reversed NO inhibition of DNA synthesis and had no effect on DNA synthesis inhibition caused by hydroxyurea.
Immunosuppression in systemic lupus erythematosus associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (SLE-APAH): Improvement in exercise and functional capacity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Evidence suggests that inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of SLE-APAH. We aimed to assess the effect of aggressive immunosuppression (IMM) added to PAH-specific therapy in SLE-APAH. Stanford9s PAH database was searched for patients who met American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for SLE and had PAH by right heart catheterization. Those who met ACR criteria for other connective tissue diseases or had 3 months were compared to those on PAH-specific therapy only (non-IMM). Cumulative probability of freedom from worsening New York Heart Association functional class (FC) was calculated with the Kaplan-Meier estimator and compared by the log-rank test. Mean changes in parameters between groups were compared by Student9s t-test. Thirteen patients met inclusion criteria; 6 were treated with IMM (3:high dose steroids+mycophenolate mofetil, 2:intravenous cyclophosphamide, 1:hematopoietic stem cell transplant). Mean follow-up was 12.9 months. There was no significant difference in baseline demographics, SLE features, duration of PAH, hemodynamics, FC, 6 minute walk distance (6MWD) or PAH-specific therapy between IMM and non-IMM groups. At follow-up, hemodynamics and PAH-specific therapy did not differ between groups. Mean improvements in FC (-1.2 vs 0.1, p=0.06) and 6MWD (+231 vs -20 m, p=0.02) were higher in the IMM group. The IMM group had more infections (1.8 vs 0.3, p=0.05), but the percent of patients with serious infections did not differ (33% vs 14%, p=0.56). IMM added to PAH-specific therapy may improve functional and exercise capacity in SLE-APAH.
Mediating Role of Green Entrepreneurial Orientation Between Entrepreneurship Education and Academic Support on Green Entrepreneurial Intention

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to analyze the impact of entrepreneurship education and academic support on green entrepreneurial intention, analyzing the role of mediation green entrepreneurial orientation between entrepreneurship education and academic support of green entrepreneurial intention. This study is a quantitative study. The sample of this study were 395 student Faculty of Economics and Business at three universities in Indonesia, namely the Universitas Indonesia (UI), Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES), and the Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB). Analysis techniques use modeling Structural Equation Models. The results of the study state that entrepreneurship education and academic support influence green entrepreneurial intention. Besides that, green entrepreneurial orientation can mediate between entrepreneurship education and educational support for green entrepreneurial intention. The implications of this study are to help educational institutions in designing programs from the curriculum side, increasing academic support and collaboration with industries that focus on green entrepreneurship. In this context, educational institutions are more effective in encouraging students to have the intention to engage in green entrepreneurship, so that they can contribute to sustainable development.