jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Differences in performance on the test of variables of attention between credible vs. noncredible individuals being screened for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Measuring performance validity in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) assessments is essential, with multiple studies identifying how easily young adults can feign symptoms on self-report measures. Few methods, however, exist to identify such feigning when it occurs. While some clinicians include computerized tests of attention (e.g., Test of Variables of Attention [TOVA]) when assessing for possible ADHD, it is unclear how symptom exaggerators perform, and whether the TOVA Symptom Exaggeration Index (SEI) adequately identifies performance-based exaggeration when it occurs. Using archival data from a university-based ADHD screening clinic we investigated the performance of 245 late adolescents/emerging adults. Three groups were created: (1) Good effort but not ADHD (n = 183); (2) Good effort and diagnosed ADHD (n = 13); and (3) suspect effort (n = 49), based on final diagnosis and performance on an existing validity measure. Results showed clearly that those with suspect effort performed more poorly than the other two groups on all but second-half commission errors on the TOVA. Similar to Nicholls et al., the suspect effort group showed significantly subaverage (i.e., greater than two standard deviations below the mean) scores in Omission errors; in this replication, however, this was true for both the first and second half of the test. Response time variability was similarly exaggerated, with the suspect effort group again returning extreme scores in both halves of the test. Suspect effort students were indistinguishable from those with genuine ADHD when looking solely at self-reported symptoms; however, embedded symptom validity measures on an ADHD rating scale discriminated well between groups. Overall, results support the use of the TOVA as an embedded performance validity measure in the assessment of late adolescents/emerging adults and support previous findings that symptom report alone cannot distinguish credible from noncredible ADHD presentation.
TREATMENT OF ABFRACTION LESION WITH TYPE II GLASS IONOMER CEMENT

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abfraction is a loss of tooth structure at the cervical area, which is caused by tensile and compressive strength. The loss of enamel may expose the dentin and will result in hypersensitivity of dentin and affects pulp vitality. The diagnosis could be identified in the presence of wedge shaped lesion, facet on the occlusal surface, usually affected one tooth only, and the presence of heavy occlusal loads. This lesion could be restored by a conventional glass-ionomer cement which has similar elasticity to the dental hard tissue and accompanied by occlusal adjustment.
A Nonlinear-Phase Model-Based Human Detector for Radar

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Radar offers unique advantages over other sensors for the detection of humans, such as remote operation during virtually all weather and lighting conditions, increased range, and better coverage. Many current radar-based human detection systems employ some type of Fourier analysis, such as Doppler processing. However, in many environments, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of human returns is quite low. Furthermore, Fourier-based techniques assume a linear variation in target phase over the aperture, whereas human targets have a highly nonlinear phase history. The resulting phase mismatch causes significant SNR loss in the detector itself. In this paper, human target modeling is used to derive a more accurate nonlinear approximation to the true target phase history. The likelihood ratio is optimized over unknown model parameters to enhance detection performance. Cramer-Rao bounds on parameter estimates and receiver operating characteristic curves are used to validate analytically the performance of the proposed method and to evaluate simulation results.
Evaluation method of consolidation and rebuilding of housing complexes in urban fringe areas

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

わが国の都市郊外部では、1960～1970年代にかけて多くの住宅団地が建設されたが、近年、多くの団地で建物が老朽化し、建て替えが実施あるいは計画されている。本稿は、全国の都市で将来の人口減少が見込まれる中、社会的な効率性、持続可能性の観点から、郊外部における老朽化した団地の統合（集約）を念頭に置き、団地の建て替えの可否（建て替え団地の選択）、建て替えの最適な時期、建て替え後の最適な団地の規模および設備を検討可能な手法を提案している。さらに、提案した手法を千葉県船橋市の郊外団地に適用し、団地の統合・建て替えのあり方を検討した。検討の結果、緑台団地から撤退して芝山団地（分譲地区）と統合し、同団地において、各棟へのエレベータ設置、室内・共用スペースのバリアフリー化、遮音・防音壁の設置を取り入れた建て替えを行うことが望ましいことが示された。また統合・建て替えの最適な時期については、様々な現在価値の基準年や割引率を設定して最適な統合・建て替え時期の試算を行った上で慎重に判断する必要があることが示唆された。
A case for submergence of magnetic flux in a solar active region

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

view Abstract Citations (47) References (24) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS A case for submergence of magnetic flux in a solar active region Rabin, D. ; Moore, R. ; Hagyard, M. J. Abstract In NOAA Active Region 2372 (April 1980), 4 x 10 to the 20th maxwells of magnetic flux concentrated in an area 30 arcsec across disappeared overnight. Vector magnetograms show that all components of the magnetic field weakened together. If the field had weakened through diffusion or fluid flow, 90 percent of the original flux would still have been detected by the magnetograph within a suitably enlarged area. In fact there was a threefold decrease in detected flux. Evidently, magnetic field was removed from the photosphere. Since the disappearing flux was located in a region of low magnetic shear and low activity in H-alpha and Ly-alpha, it is unlikely that the field dissipated through reconnection. It is argued that the most likely possibility is that flux submerged. The observations suggest that even during the growth phase of active regions, submergence is a strong process comparable in magnitude to emergence. Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: December 1984 DOI: 10.1086/162699 Bibcode: 1984ApJ...287..404R Keywords: Magnetic Flux; Photosphere; Solar Magnetic Field; H Alpha Line; Lyman Alpha Radiation; Magnetic Signatures; Spectroheliographs; Solar Physics full text sources ADS |
Causal Understanding in Film Viewing: The Effects of Narrative Structure and Personality Traits

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The aim of this research was to investigate the extent to which psychological factors interfere with conscious rational problem-solving in constructing a cinematic narrative’s causal connections during film viewing. Talk-aloud protocol was used to record subjects’ verbal reactions during watching films. Viewers’ texts were analyzed to determine the type and the quantity of causal inferences. This enabled us to determine which parts of the narratives provoked high matching of causal inferences. The results demonstrate recurring correlation between causal thinking and the personality trait openness to experience. In the second study, classical and nonclassical types of narrative were compared in terms of provoking causal inferences. The results demonstrate that classical narrative provokes significantly more causal inferences than nonclassical narrative, and that classical and nonclassical narratives rely equally on personality traits in causal construction.
Sliders for the Smart: Type of Rating Scale on the Web Interacts With Educational Level

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Slider scales and radio buttons scales were experimentally compared in horizontal and vertical orientation. Slider scales lead to statistically significantly higher break-off rates (odds ratio = 6.9) and substantially higher response times. Problems with slider scales were especially prevalent in participants with less than average education, suggesting the slider scale format is more challenging in terms of previous knowledge needed or cognitive load. An alternative explanation, technology-dependent sampling (Buchanan & Reips, 2001), cannot fully account for the current results. The authors clearly advise against the use of Java-based slider scales and advocate low-tech solutions for the design of Web-based data collection. Orientation on screen had no observable effect on data quality or usability of rating scales. Implications of item format for Web-based surveys are discussed.
Management of Premalignant Lesions of the Cervix

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The screening, detection and treatment of precancer lesions of the cervix have resulted in a dramatic decline in the incidence of cervical cancer in many parts of the world. The effect is most pronounced in countries with organised screening. The proper management of premalignant lesions of the cervix is an important and integral part of any screening programme. The importance of proper colposcopic technique and the adherence to well-established colposcopic guidelines cannot be overemphasised to ensure appropriate treatment. The colposcope is indispensable in treatment planning as it guides the optimal amount of cervical tissue to be ablated or excised and the type of cone biopsy to be taken. Various methods of treatment involving ablative procedures and excisional procedures have been found to be highly efficacious and safe. The choice of treatment modality is very much dependent on individual preferences. However, in those with extensive high-grade lesions, an excisional method has the added advantage of detecting unsuspected microinvasive disease which can be missed if ablative methods are used. Although treatment for squamous intraepithelial neoplasia is well established, the treatment for adenocarcinoma-in-situ is more controversial. Newer methods of treatment are currently being developed to further improve on the good results achievable with present treatment modalities.
A Study on the Validity of Personality Assessment Tool for the Child-care Staff

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

본 연구는 보육교직원의 인성평가 도구에 대한 타당성 및 신뢰도를 검증하고자 하였다. 보육교직원 인성평가 문항은 자존감 14문항, 소명감 12문항, 정서능력 13문항, 대인관계 11문항으로 총 50문항이고 1점에서 7점까지 7점 척도로 구성되었으며, 인성평가 도구의 타당도 검증 연구는 2017년 한국보육진흥원에서 실시한 보육교직원 인성평가 및 교육에 참여한 13,629명의 응답결과를 대상으로 실시하였다. 분석결과, 보육교직원의 인성평가 척도에 대한 구성타당도 및 신뢰성이 확보된 최종 문항은 6개 요인 40문항으로 나타났으며, 모형적합도 지수는 RMSEA .068, CFI .864, TLI .855로 적합도가 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 총 40문항 6개 요인으로 구성된 보육교직원 인성평가 척도의 문항 내적 신뢰도는 긍정적 자존감 .906, 부정적 자존감 .871, 소명감 .915, 긍정적 정서능력 .858, 부정적 정서능력 .807, 대인관계 .872이고, 전체 신뢰도는 .957로 보육교직원의 인성을 측정하는 데 적절한 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 본 연구를 통해 보육교직원의 인성평가 도구는 비교적 타당성 및 신뢰도를 확보한 인성평가 도구로써 기능할 수 있음을 확인하였다.
School counsellors working with immigrant pupils: changes in their approaches after 10 years

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Counselling culturally diverse populations poses several challenges for mental health professionals in schools as well as the wider community. In 1998, the author interviewed counsellors working in Israeli schools, and categorised their approaches to immigrant pupils in four broad categories: culturally encapsulated assimilator, self-facilitator, specialist and cultural translator. The majority of counsellors (51%) were categorised as culturally encapsulated assimilators, emphasising the expectation of immigrant pupils to integrate into the dominant culture. This article describes a 10-year follow-up study in which 31 of the original 37 school counsellors were re-interviewed. The interviews included topics such as the processes counsellors went through during this period, indicating what the counsellors believed contributes to immigrant adjustment in school, what they considered the most important obstacles immigrant adolescents face in their process of adaptation, and what the counsellors have learned about themselves, their roles and the schools' work with immigrant students. Responses were categorised according to whether immigrants were perceived as a problem, a challenge, a non-issue or an asset to the school culture. The counsellors' reports and reflections enrich our understanding of the complex professional processes they and their schools go through when dealing with culturally diverse clients over time.
Parallel evolution of salinity tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana accessions from Cape Verde Islands

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Soil salinization poses a notable threat to agriculture. The Cape Verde Islands are located 600 km off the coast of Africa and are characterized by arid environments and high-salinity soils. Here, we find that Arabidopsis thaliana plants native to these islands accumulate glucuronyl-mannose that protects them from salt stress. We map the ability to produce this metabolite to an α glycosidase family 38 gene that we named GH38cv . Plants carrying mutant alleles of GH38cv do not present defects on growth, fitness, or biotic resistance under standard laboratory conditions but show better germination rates, longer roots, better hydric status, and higher fitness than nonmutated plants when exposed to salt stress. Notably, deleterious mutations in GH38cv have evolved independently on two separate islands within the Cape Verde archipelago, illustrating an example of parallel evolution for salt tolerance in this environment. Our findings reveal a knowledge-driven method to develop salt-resilient crops, which could be attractive to both conventional and organic agriculture.
Comment on „Mineral composition of traditional and organic-cultivated mushroom Lentinula edodes in Europe and Asia – Similar or different?” – are the data on lanthanides correct?

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Based on the available literature was examined occurrence of lanthanides (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu) in L. edodes originating from five countries and available from retail outlets in Poland and Germany in 2019. The lanthanide concentrations for individual elements and when summed (ranged from 938 to 18,000 μg kg−1 dry weight) were exceptionally high in L. edodes in the light of data reported for lanthanides in mushrooms by other well-validated methods and experienced laboratories. Apart from the highly elevated concentrations of lanthanides reported in all the examined batches of L. edodes, the data also reveal an unusual distribution pattern in these mushrooms. The natural patterns of lanthanides in mushrooms and other environmental matrices always show the highest contribution from Ce and the dominance of even numbered lanthanides over the odd - a characteristic sawtooth distribution and is generally referred to as the Oddo-Harkins rule - but this is not observed in discussed L. edodes.
Chemical Suppression of the Meadow Spittlebug in Strawberries, 1980

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract This study was conducted at the Snyder Farm of OARDC located at Wooster, OH on a 3-year old planting of ‘Midway’ strawberries. A randomized complete block design with 6 replications was utilized. Plot size was 76 inches long by 20 inches wide with rows 48 inches apart. Insecticides were applied on May 27 when plants were in full bloom. They were sprayed with a CO2 powered constant sprayer equipped with a Tee Jet D3 disc and No. 23 core at the rate of 100 gal/acre. To confine the insecticides to their respective plots in the continuous rows a piece of cardboard 3 ft x 3 ft was secured at each end of the plot. Fungicides were applied to the entire experimental area on May 20 and Jun 2 at the following rates: Benlate 50WP 0.5 lb + Captan 50WP 1.5/100 gal. Nymphal counts were made by tossing a wire frame I ft2 near the center portion of a plot and counting the number of spittle masses present on any part of the plants Inside the square.
Immunology of pyelonephritis in the primate model. II. Effect on immunosuppression.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Nonobstructive pyelonephritis was produced in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) by means of retrograde inoculation of Escherichia coli to the point of pyelotubular backflow. The effects of treatment with cyclophosphamide or azathioprine were determined. Commensal renal viruses were not activated by the immunosuppression, and thus did not complicate our results. Both cyclophosphamide and azathioprine prolonged the bacteriuria and produced more severe pathology. Cyclophosphamide decreased the leukocytic response and partically suppressed the antibody response. The increased amount of acute pyelonecytic response and partially suppressed the antibody response. The increased amount of acute pyelonephritic lesions after treatment with this drug suggest that the antibody and inflammatory responses may be important protective mechanisms, particularly regarding prevention of abscesses. In contrast, azathioprine did not decrease the leukocytosis nor the antibody responses, but resulted in decreased in vitro responsiveness of lymphocytes to mitogens. The increased severity of chronic pyelonephritic lesions after azathioprine treatment suggests that the cellular immune response also may be an important protective mechanism during late stages of the disease. The results thus indicate that the immune response is protective and is not directly responsible for the chronic scarring of pyelonephritis.
Directed Egress of Animal Viruses Promotes Cell-to-Cell Spread

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Direct cell-to-cell spread of animal viruses in solid tissues is a complex, poorly understood process. A number of viruses have become very adept at moving from an infected cell to an adjoining uninfected cell, specifically at sites of cell-cell contact, moving across epithelial cell or neuronal
Response of buckwheat to Pratylenchus brachyurus and Meloidogyne javanica

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Antagonistic and non-host plants are some of the main strategies for nematode control, but the reaction of several plant species to these parasites remains to be investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the reaction of buckwheat to Pratylenchus brachyurus and Meloidogyne javanica and to assess the effect of buckwheat aqueous extract on P. brachyurus and M. javanica mortality and M. javanica hatching. Experiments were conducted under greenhouse and laboratory conditions. Treatments consisted of buckwheat ‘IPR-92 Altar’ and soybean ‘M6410 IPRO’ inoculated with different levels of P. brachyurus or M. javanica according to each experiment. Buckwheat was found to be a non-host to P. brachyurus. The RF of M. javanica on buckwheat ranged from 1.33 to 4.11, whereas the RF on soybean was 24.00. Buckwheat shoot extracts were effective in promoting nematode mortality and reducing M. javanica hatching. These findings indicate that buckwheat has potential as a cover crop for the control of P. brachyurus, but care is needed when introducing this plant to areas infested with M. javanica.
Memory in the dead zone

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Moving between different pasts, between Cyprus and a host of unnamed cities, Memory in the Dead Zone is both a multimedia retelling of the myth of Orpheus and Eurydice and autobiographical performance which explores memory and the performance of becoming Cypriot through poetry, myth, home movies, photographs, remembered songs, the imagined spaces of Cyprus on Youtube and the digital detritus of the 21st century. \n \nMemory becomes opaque as the performance makes a story about the mediated evidence that summons memory, the faded images, the home movies marked by multiple translations from super 8 film to video to DVD, remixed pop songs and fragments of film from Cyprus in the 1960s and ‘70s.
Investigating the Daily Relationship between Subjective Age and Daily Events

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Objectives: Subjective age, or felt age, refers to individuals' perception of their age compared to their chronological age. Feeling older than usual has been associated with experiencing more same-day stressors and higher negative affect. Feeling older may indicate depleted psychological resources, increasing the likelihood of interpreting everyday situations as stressful and reacting more intensely to them. Conversely, feeling younger may indicate greater psychosocial resources, enhancing engagement in and responsiveness to positive events. Methods: This study investigated fluctuations in subjective age as a predictor of same-day event occurrence (stressors and positive events) and affective responses to these events using 14-day diary data from a sample of 108 older Swiss adults (aged 65-92). Results: On average, participants felt approximately 8 years younger than their chronological age, with significant day-to-day variability (ICC = .69). On days when individuals felt older than usual, they reported more stressors and fewer positive events. Older subjective age was also associated with greater stress reactivity (greater upticks in negative affect and greater dips in positive affect) and more pronounced responses to positive events. Time-ordered effects showed SA predicting positive events, but not stressors.Discussion: These findings underscore the importance of subjective age as a dynamic psychological construct potentially shaping the events people encounter and how they affectively respond to them. In addition, the lagged analyses provide evidence for subjective age as a predictor of daily event processes, but not for daily events as predictors of future subjective age, which contributes to disentangling the direction of association.
Total Productive Maintenance: A Case Study in Manufacturing Industry

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the contributions of total productive maintenance (TPM) initiatives towards improving manufacturing performance in Ethiopian malt manufacturing industry. The correlations between various TPM implementation dimensions and manufacturing performance improvements have been evaluated and validated by employing overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) in boiler plant. The research focuses upon the significant contributions of TPM implementation success factors like top management leadership and involvement, traditional maintenance practices and holistic TPM implementation initiatives, towards affecting improvements in manufacturing performance in the Ethiopian industry. The study establishes that focused TPM implementation over a reasonable time period can strategically contribute towards realization of significant manufacturing performance enhancements. The study highlights the strong potential of TPM implementation initiatives in affecting organizational performance improvements. The achievements of Ethiopian manufacturing organizations through proactive TPM initiatives have been evaluated and critical TPM success factors identified for enhancing the effectiveness of TPM implementation programs in the Ethiopian context.