jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The full characterization of the V Kβ spectral profile on an absolute energy scale

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Table 4. The full characterization of the V Kβ spectral profile on an absolute energy scale. The parameters in this table are used in equation (5). Amplitudes Ai, centroids Ci and widths Wi of individual components were obtained from a fit on the intensity versus detector position axis. The detector position axis was transformed to an absolute energy scale via the calibration procedure. The Gaussian width σ was 0.805(25) eV. The background was 749(24) counts. Abstract Transition metals have Kα and Kβ characteristic radiation possessing complex asymmetric spectral profiles. Instrumental broadening normally encountered in x-ray experiments shifts features of profiles used for calibration, such as peak energy, by many times the quoted accuracies. We measure and characterize the titanium Kβ spectral profile. The peak energy of the titanium Kβ spectral profile is found to be 4931.966 ± 0.022 eV prior to instrumental broadening. This 4.5 ppm result decreases the uncertainty over the past literature by a factor of 2.6 and is 2.4 standard deviations from the previous standard. The spectrum is analysed and the resolution-free lineshape is extracted and listed for use in other experiments. We also incorporate improvement in analysis applied to earlier results for V Kβ.
Additional file 13: of Genome-wide identification of GRAS genes in Brachypodium distachyon and functional characterization of BdSLR1 and BdSLRL1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Text 3. Synteny gene pairs between rice and Brachypodium distachyon. (TXT 1.28â M) (TXT 1320 kb)
[Evaluation of implantation of a cancer chemotherapeutic vascular access device: report of 91 cases].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Between April 1984 and December 1990, 91 patients with advanced cancer were implanted with vascular-access-devices 97 times. The results were as follows. When the patients were divided into two groups according to the implantation, namely the earlier (until December 1986) and later (from January 1987) periods, the earlier patency rate was higher than later due to improvement of instruments and progress in the implantation technique. There was no significant difference in the rate of patency or complications between the abdominal and femoral method, but the femoral method had some subcutaneous hematomas. The direct femoral pathway is less invasive, correct and effectively therapeutic method.
Male Body Dissatisfaction: What are Males’ Experiences and is it Feasible to Deliver a Program to Address These Issues in the High School Setting?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Despite previous research identifying body dissatisfaction as a problem experienced predominantly by women, research in the last three decades has revealed that males experiences rates of body dissatisfaction that are comparable to those of females. The aim of the current study was to explore males’ attitudes and experiences around body image and body dissatisfaction, and the potential feasibility, acceptability and outcomes of a dissonance-based program designed specifically to improve male body dissatisfaction. In Study 1, male undergraduate students, aged 17 - 26 years, participated in focus groups in which they were asked to discuss topics around male body image. Participants’ responses indicated that body dissatisfaction is both prevalent and problematic for males, however males their age would be unlikely to attend a program designed to improve these concerns. Study 2 involved male high-school students participating in a dissonance-based male body dissatisfaction program and providing qualitative feedback on how enjoyable and useful they found the program, as well as suggesting ways to improve it. The participants’ feedback revealed that they generally enjoyed the program, and that the program should be longer and include more visual stimuli. In Study 3, a further cohort of male high-school students participated in a revised version of the program, and completed measures of body dissatisfaction and its correlates: striving behaviours, depressed mood, and media impact. It was found that the males’ muscularity dissatisfaction, but not height or body fat dissatisfaction, improved significantly from pre- to post-intervention. Furthermore, this improvement was still present at a 3-month follow-up. No changes were seen in striving behaviours, depressed mood, or media impact. Although the school setting produced a number of challenges, and there were a number of limitations to the study, the research findings suggested that the program may be acceptable and beneficial when delivered to male high-school students. The findings of the three studies suggest that there is support for programs of this type to be investigated further within the context of a randomized-controlled trial.
Lenvatinib prolongs the progression‑free survival time of patients with intermediate‑stage hepatocellular carcinoma refractory to transarterial chemoembolization: A multicenter cohort study using data mining analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are considered for use in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) refractory to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). The aim of the present retrospective study was to identify factors associated with progression-free survival (PFS) and to evaluate the indications for lenvatinib treatment in patients with intermediate-stage HCC refractory to TACE using a data-mining analysis. A total of 171 patients with intermediate-stage HCC refractory to TACE were included. All patients were classified into three groups according to their HCC treatment: Lenvatinib (n=45), sorafenib (n=53) and TACE (n=73) groups. PFS time was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and analyzed using a log-rank test. Factors associated with PFS time were evaluated using multivariate and decision-tree analyses. The median PFS time was 5.8, 3.2 and 2.4 months in the lenvatinib, sorafenib and TACE groups, respectively (P<0.001). In the Cox regression analysis, lenvatinib treatment and being within the up-to-seven criteria were identified as independent factors for PFS (lenvatinib, P<0.0001; within up-to-seven, P=0.001). The decision-tree analysis revealed that patients beyond the up-to-seven criteria, treated with lenvatinib and with albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade 1 had a longer PFS time (245.2±107.9 days) than patients beyond the up-to-seven criteria, treated with lenvatinib and with ALBI grade 2 (147.1±78.6 days). Additionally, lenvatinib was independently associated with longer PFS time in patients with intermediate-stage HCC refractory to TACE. Therefore, lenvatinib may be recommended for patients who have intermediate-stage HCC refractory to TACE, ALBI grade 1 and who are within the up-to-seven criteria.
A quantitative study of the EMI values obtained for normal brain cerebral infarction and certain tumours

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A quantitative study has been made of the EMI numbers of normal brain, cerebral infarction and certain tumours. The scans were recorded on magnetic tape and analysed using a minicomuter linked to a graphic display unit. This system not only yielded 16 grey scales compared with the ten currently available, but was programmed to allow selected regions of the scans to be outlined. From these regions the computer calculated the area, the mean EMI number and its standard deviation. It was found that in 15 normal brain scans, the EMI values obtained for normal frontal and temporal lobes were similar, but that the values for the basal ganglia and occipital lobes were significantly different from the first two regions and from each other. Ten cases of cerebral infarction and 30 cases of cerebral tumour were analysed, and it was shown that analysing representative areas was more informative than surveying the whole lesion. Whilst only half of the scans of brain tumours had a significantly altered EMI number compared with that of normal brain, enhancement of tumour density with sodium iothalamate revealed a consistent and significant elevation of the EMI number for all tumours. In particular, the value for enhanced meningiomas was almost double and malignant tumours more than a third larger than normal brain. It was not possible to differentiate quantitatively between astrocytomas and metastases.
Modeling Strategic Interventions in a Population With a Total Fertility Rate of 8.3: A Cross-Sectional Study of Idjwi Island, DRC - With Appendix Detailing Patterns of Poverty and Disease Among the Bany'Idjwi People

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Idjwi Island, DRC, has a total fertility rate of 8.3, one of the highest in the world. Rapid population growth has led to widespread environmental degradation and food insecurity. Meanwhile family planning services are largely unavailable. We conducted a representative survey of 2,078 households measuring standard reproductive health indicators. We also interviewed local women, community leaders, and clinicians about access to reproductive services. In the survey, over half of all women reported an unmet need for spacing or limiting births. Interviews revealed that Idjwi’s extremely high fertility is associated with a weak health care system, poor funding, deteriorating infrastructure, and discrimination and violence against women. Modeling proximate determinants of fertility, we predicted that an increase in contraceptive prevalence (from 1% to 30%) could reduce TFR on Idjwi to 6 children per women, the average desired number. To improve the status of women and curb unsustainable population growth, we recommend: adding family planning services at health centers, reaching out to women during regular medical and maternal health visits, pursuing a community health worker program, promoting extended periods of breastfeeding, and implementing programs to end gender-based violence. Lessons from Idjwi may be applied to other densely populated, low-income settings with high fertility.
Network Working Group

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003). All Rights Reserved. This document reviews the original function and purpose of the domain name system (DNS). It contrasts that history with some of the purposes for which the DNS has recently been applied and some of the newer demands being placed upon it or suggested for it. A framework for an alternative to placing these additional stresses on the DNS is then outlined. This document and that framework are not a proposed solution, only a strong suggestion that the time has come to begin thinking more broadly about the problems we are encountering and possible approaches to solving them.
The relation between the texture properties of mangosteen (Garcinia<br>mangostana Linn.) and the resonance frequency in detection of the<br>translucent and yellow gummy latex

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A nondestructive measurement to predict an internal translucent disorder and yellow gummy latex in mangosteen fruit has proposed by using Vibration Frequency based on Strain gage Sensor (VFSS). This measurement was used vibration with frequency 0 ? 50 Hz. The VFSS of 100 mangosteen samples were obtained an evaluation of various existed VFSS signal features based on time and frequency domains. From the experimental results, mass is the best comparing with the other property. This measurement can detect the yellow gummy latex in mangosteen at 35 Hz and 40 Hz.
A fresh view of the cell biology of copper in enterobacteria

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Summary Copper ions are essential but also very toxic. Copper resistance in bacteria is based on export of the toxic ion, oxidation from Cu(I) to Cu(II) , and sequestration by copper‐binding metal chaperones, which deliver copper ions to efflux systems or metal‐binding sites of copper‐requiring proteins. In their publication in this issue, O sman et al . ( ) demonstrate how tightly copper resistance, homeostasis and delivery pathways are interwoven in S almonella enterica sv . T yphimurium . Copper is transported from the cytoplasm by the two P ‐type ATP ases CopA and GolT to the periplasm and transferred to SodCII by CueP , a periplasmic copper chaperone. When copper levels are higher, SodCII is also able to bind copper without the help of CueP . This scheme raises the question as to why copper ions present in the growth medium have to make the detour through the cytoplasm. The data presented in the publication by O sman et al . ( ) change our view of the cell biology of copper in enterobacteria.
Microbial ecogenomics and forensic archaeology: new methods for investigating clandestine gravesites

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

In the mid-1990s, the crime scene toolkit was revolutionised by the introduction of DNA-based analyses such as the polymerase chain reaction, low copy number DNA analysis, short-tandem repeat typing, pulse-field gel electrophoresis and variable number tandem repeat. Since then, methodological advances in other disciplines, especially molecular microbial ecology, can now be adapted for cutting-edge applications in forensic contexts. Despite several studies and discussions, there is, however, currently very little evidence of these techniques adoption at the contemporary crime scene. Consequently, this article discusses some of the popular omics and their current and potential exploitations in the forensic ecogenomics of body decomposition in a crime scene. Thus, together with published supportive findings and discourse, knowledge gaps are identified. These then justify the need for more comprehensive, directed, concerted and global research towards state-of-the-art microecophysiology method application and/or adaptation for subsequent successful exploitations in this additional context of microbial forensics.
Genetic structure and preservation strategies of autochthonous vegetable crop landraces of north‐western Italy

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A number of horticultural crop landraces are still grown in Piedmont (NW Italy), despite the dominance of improved cultivars and hybrids. Conservation strategies, both in an ex situ and an in situ context are required to prevent their loss. Here we describe an AFLP‐based assessment of the genetic structure of leek, garlic, celery, red beet, cultivated cardoon, sweet pepper and common bean autochthonous landraces. Each landrace was sampled by selecting 3–5 populations representative of the area of cultivation. The genotypic data showed that the crop's breeding system was less important for determining genetic structure than the selection criteria adopted by the producers, the extent of informal seed exchange among producers and natural selection imposed by the local environmental conditions. The genotypic data identified alleles which were common, some which were restricted to a particular locality and some which were either infrequent or rare. On this basis, the most representative population(s) for each landrace were recognised and targeted for conservation. The landraces in study differed markedly from one another with respect to their genetic structure, and so they may represent an appropriate reference model for the management of crop landraces grown in fragmented areas and at risk of genetic erosion or extinction.
Diversity analysis in novel Turkey berry accessions (Solanum torvum Swartz) using microsatellites markers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Turkey berry (Solanum torvum) contains anti-inflammatory properties. Traditional medical benefits of fundamental oils have been explored. A thorough biochemical and elemental characterisation was carried out in light of these facts. SSR markers were used in the current study to identify variety-specific markers, analyze genetic diversity, and perform DNA fingerprinting. The St 002, St 010, St 011, St 014 and St 019 accessions exhibited superior performance with respect to important characteristics including higher antioxidant and tannin content. The accessions of turkey berries were then used to perform genetic fingerprinting using SSR markers. Fourteen SSRs were used for genotyping. With a PIC of 0.558, the marker EM145 expressed the highest, whereas EMB01L13 expressed the lowest (0.263). The average PIC estimate was found to be modest (0.362). The twenty accessions of Turkey berries were divided into four major clusters by the dendrogram analysis. Based on their biochemical and elemental characterisation, the majority of the turkey berry accessions that are now being studied have special beneficial chemicals that may be used in industry.The limited genetic bases of the germplasms are shown by the moderate levels of both PIC and H average estimates. To create better hybrids, a hybridization program can employ the types belonging to several clusters. The combinations of varietals St018 / St006, St018 / St002, St014 / St008, St019 / St003, and St0015 / St008 show promise as potential parents.
Node clustering in wireless sensor networks: recent developments and deployment challenges

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The large-scale deployment of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and the need for data aggregation necessitate efficient organization of the network topology for the purpose of balancing the load and prolonging the network lifetime. Clustering has proven to be an effective approach for organizing the network into a connected hierarchy. In this article, we highlight the challenges in clustering a WSN, discuss the design rationale of the different clustering approaches, and classify the proposed approaches based on their objectives and design principles. We further discuss several key issues that affect the practical deployment of clustering techniques in sensor network applications.
A computational model for the autonomous control loops through the cerebellum, spinal code and muscle

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This paper proposes a computational model for the cerebellum and spinal code. The proposed motion control scheme makes it possible to stabilize the posture of hand to the desired equilibrium trajectories. In this model, a motor neuron regulate the rest length of muscle to compensate the changes of equilibrium joint positions caused by the external load and the cerebellum compensates the inertial forces to stabilize the equilibrium position of joints. The asymptotic stability of joint angles to the desired equilibrium joint positions is proven theoretically and the performance of the control model is verified by some simple computer simulations.
An Analysis of the Learning Activities Covered in the 5th Grade Science Textbooks Based on 2005 and 2013 Turkish Science Curricula

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study is to analyze the learning activities covered in 5th grade elementary science textbooks which depend on 2005 and 2013 elementary science curricula. Two elementary science textbooks depends on 2005 science curriculum and two elementary science textbooks depend on 2013 science curriculum were researched. The study is a qualitative research and the data were analysed through the document analysis technique. The findings revealed that textbooks based on 2005 science curriculum includes more activities. In addition, these activities were found to be designed to evaluate student learning. There was no preparation for workbooks in 2013 science curriculum. Based on the findings obtained some suggestions are developed about the design of the textbooks.
Gender-Specific\nToxicological Effects of Chronic Exposure\nto Pure Microcystin-LR or Complex <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i> Extracts on Adult Medaka Fish

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cyanobacterial\nblooms often occur in freshwater lakes and constitute\na potential health risk to human populations, as well as to other\norganisms. However, their overall and specific implications for the\nhealth of aquatic organisms that are chronically and environmentally\nexposed to cyanobacteria producing hepatotoxins, such as microcystins\n(MCs), together with other bioactive compounds have still not been\nclearly established and remain difficult to assess. The medaka fish\nwas chosen as the experimental aquatic model for studying the cellular\nand molecular toxicological effects on the liver after chronic exposures\n(28 days) to environmentally relevant concentrations of pure MC-LR,\ncomplex extracts of MC producing or nonproducing cyanobacterial biomasses,\nand of a <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i> natural bloom. Our\nresults showed a higher susceptibility of females to the different\ntreatments compared to males at both the cellular and the molecular\nlevels. Although hepatocyte lysis increased with MC-containing treatments,\nlysis always appeared more severe in the liver of females compare\nto males, and the glycogen cellular reserves also appeared to decrease\nmore in the liver of females compared to those in the males. Proteomic\ninvestigations reveal divergent responses between males and females\nexposed to all treatments, especially for proteins involved in metabolic\nand homeostasis processes. Our observations also highlighted the dysregulation\nof proteins involved in oogenesis in female livers. These results\nsuggest that fish populations exposed to cyanobacteria blooms may\npotentially face several ecotoxicological issues.
Nonparametric learning from Bayesian models with randomized objective functions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Bayesian learning is built on an assumption that the model space contains a true reflection of the data generating mechanism. This assumption is problematic, particularly in complex data environments. Here we present a Bayesian nonparametric approach to learning that makes use of statistical models, but does not assume that the model is true. Our approach has provably better properties than using a parametric model and admits a Monte Carlo sampling scheme that can afford massive scalability on modern computer architectures. The model-based aspect of learning is particularly attractive for regularizing nonparametric inference when the sample size is small, and also for correcting approximate approaches such as variational Bayes (VB). We demonstrate the approach on a number of examples including VB classifiers and Bayesian random forests.
Mario A. del Chiaro: The Genucilia Group: a Class of Etruscan Red-figured Plates. (Publications in Classical Archaeology, vol. iii, no. 4.) Pp. 130; 15 plates, 10 figs. Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1957. Paper, $3.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Mario A. del Chiaro: The Genucilia Group: a Class of Etruscan Red-figured Plates. (Publications in Classical Archaeology, vol. iii, no. 4.) Pp. 130; 15 plates, 10 figs. Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1957. Paper, $3. - Volume 9 Issue 1