jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Improving the efficiency of FP tree construction using transactional patternbase

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Mining frequent patterns in transaction databases has been a popular theme in data mining study. Common activities include finding patterns among the large set of data items in database transactions. The Apriori algorithm is a widely accepted method of generating frequent patterns. The algorithm requires many scans of the database and thus seriously tax resources. Some of the methods currently being used for improving the efficiency of the Apriori algorithm are hash-based itemset counting, transaction reduction, partitioning, sampling, dynamic itemset counting etc. Two main approaches for associations rule mining are: candidate set generation and test, and restricted test only. Both approaches use to scan massive database multiple times. In our study, we propose a transaction patternbase, constructed in first scan of database. Transactions with same pattern are added to the Patternbase as their frequency is increased. Thus subsequent scanning requires only scanning this compact dataset which increases efficiency of the respective methods. We have implemented this technique with FP Growth method. This technique outperforms the database approach in many situations and performs exceptionally well when the repetition of transaction patterns is higher. It can be used with any associations rule mining method.
Does the surgical approach in cochlear implantation influence the occurrence of postoperative vertigo?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the impact of different cochleostomy techniques on vestibular receptor integrity and vertigo after cochlear implantation. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Subjects A total of 62 patients (17 to 84 years of age) underwent implantation via an anterior or round window insertion approach. Methods Two groups of cochlear implant patients were compared with respect to their pre‐ and postoperative vestibular function and the occurrence of postoperative vertigo. The data were related to the different cochleostomy techniques. The patients were tested by a questionnaire (dizziness handicap inventory, DIH), caloric irrigation (vestibulo‐ocular reflex, VOR) for the function of the lateral SCC and by vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) recordings for saccular function. RESULTS: Significant differences of postoperative VEMP responses (50% vs 13%) and electromystagmography (ENG) results (42.9% vs 9.4%) were found with respect to the 2 different insertion techniques. The number of patients with vertigo after the surgery as evidenced by DHI (23% vs 12.5%) was significantly different. Conclusion The used round window approach for electrode insertion should be preferred to decrease the risk of loss of vestibular function and the occurrence of vertigo.
Putting meaning into words: Non-discursive meaning-making processes in students' writing about personal experience

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This dissertation provides a rationale for the need to study students' meaning-making processes in order for composition instructors to understand better what students are actually thinking and doing when they write papers based on their personal experiences. Especially in light of current theory about teaching writing as a process of coming to own one's texts and discovering one's intentions, teachers need to know more about the often hidden thought processes which students use to make sense of and to explain their incompletely verbalized or partly unarticulated experiences. This project focuses on the particular stage of meaning-making which involves the transformation from non-discursive meaning (meaning in the language of unarticulated, felt symbols) to discursive meaning (meaning in the language of spoken and written texts). Susanne Langer's and Mark Johnson's theories of embodied symbolic transformation and a description of students' own accounts of their meaning-making processes provide two ways to begin understanding the nature of the transformation from non-discursive meaning to discursive meaning. Emotion and experience (feeling and action) are the most important ways students themselves describe how they structure and translate their understanding into written text, but students also use the full range of cognitive forms such as categories and metaphors. Students work within and against these non-discursive meaning-making processes as they write observation journals and essays for a composition class. The implications for classroom research and pedagogy, if the transformation of non-discursive meaning-making is to be considered an important part of the writing process for students, include a less simplistic view of the relationship between writing and thinking, which can lead composition instructors to see writing and thinking as two fundamentally symbolic, yet profoundly different, processes.
Adapting Moments for Handwritten Kannada Kagunita Recognition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Handwriting character recognition (HCR) for Indian Languages is an important problem where there is relatively little work has been done. In this paper, we investigate the use of moments features on Kannada Kagunita. Kannada characters are curved in nature with some kind of symmetric structure observed in the shape. This information can be best extracted as a feature if we extract moment features from the directional images. To recognize a Kagunita, we need to identify the vowel and the consonant present in the image. So we are finding 4 directional images using Gabor wavelets from the dynamically preprocessed original image. We analyze the Kagunita set and identify the regions with vowel information and consonant information and cut these portions from the preprocessed original image and form a set of cut images. We then extract moments features from them. These features are trained and tested for both vowel and Kagunita recognition on Multi Layer Perceptron with Back Propagation Neural Network. The recognition results for vowels is average 85% and consonants is 59% when tested on separate test data with moments features from directional images and cut images.
Effect of Water and Fertilization Coupling on Population Leaf Area and Yield of Spring Wheat

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstrcat In this study, using plots with different levels of water and fertilizer fully controlled,we analyzed the effect of water and fertilizer on leaf area of population during filling period and grain yield of spring wheat. The results showed that under irrigation condition, compared with no-fertilizer and fertilizer treatment, the application of chemical fertilizer with manure improved leaf area index (LAI) by 76.9% and 45.5%, leaf area duration (LAD) by 85.9% and 53.5%, solar energy using efficiency by 51.4% and 26.2% and grain yield by 38.3% and 20.4%. Under non-irrigation condition, compared with no-fertilizer and fertilizer treatment, the application of chemical fertilizer with manure improved leaf area index (LAI) by 59.6% and 7.1%, leaf area duration (LAD) by 56.3% and 9.5%, solar energy using efficiency by 46.9% and 11.9%, and grain yield by 28.4% and 4.1%. Therefore, the application of manure with chemical fertilizer increased yield significantly.
The adicities of thematic separation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper discusses whether or not verbs have thematic arguments or whether they just have an event variable. The paper discusses some evidence in favor of the Neo-Davidsonian position that verbs only have an event variable. Based on this evidence, the paper develops a transparent mapping hypothesis from syntax to logical form where each Spell-Out domain corresponds to a conjunct at logical form. The paper closes by discussing the nature of compositionality for a Conjunctivist semantics.
Theoretical analysis of pT spectra of light-flavor hadrons in p + p collisions at s = 7 TeV under differential and single freeze-out scenarios

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present the published data of ALICE at mid-rapidity region ([Formula: see text]) to study the [Formula: see text] spectra of light-flavor hadrons in different charged-particle multiplicities ([Formula: see text]) for [Formula: see text] collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV. We parametrize the [Formula: see text] spectra of different hadrons such as pion ([Formula: see text]), kaon ([Formula: see text]), [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]), [Formula: see text], proton ([Formula: see text]), lambda ([Formula: see text]), cascade ([Formula: see text]) and omega ([Formula: see text]) using Tsallis distribution. We perform this analysis by considering both differential and single freeze-out scenarios. In the differential freeze-out scenario, both the Tsallis parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] increase with charged multiplicities for most of the particles. This implies that the multipartonic interactions increase the multiplicities in [Formula: see text] collisions and it brings the system towards thermal equilibrium. Here we observe that both [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] have different trends with different masses of particles. The parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are higher for massive particles (except for multistrange baryons) in comparison to lighter ones, which supports the differential freeze-out scenario and suggests that massive particles freeze-out earlier from the system. In the case of single freeze-out scenario, the value of parameter [Formula: see text] has a little variation with multiplicity and the parameter [Formula: see text] increases with multiplicity. This implies that the degree of thermalization remains similar for the events of different multiplicity classes.
Assessment of an Existing RC Building before and after Strengthening Using Nonlinear Static Procedure and Incremental Dynamic Analysis

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Inadequate attention during design and construction of some of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings in Cyprus has raised questions about the performance level of these existing buildings under future earthquakes. This study aimed to assess the seismic structural response of a four story existing RC building. For this purpose, first, the weak structural elements (e.g.\ the not safety column-beam joints and weak columns) were detected using linear static procedure (LSP) analyses on the basis of Turkish earthquake code. Then, two different strengthening methods were examined. In the first method which is common in Cyprus, the existing building was strengthened based on LSP, using column jacketing to satisfy seismic code requirements to remove the weak elements. The second strengthening method was carried out using nonlinear static procedures (NSP) to achieve the basic safety objective (BSO) performance level described in FEMA 356. For existing and both strengthened structures, pushover curves were obtained and following FEMA 356, performance points were calculated and compared. The seismic responses of existing and strengthened buildings were also assessed using incremental dynamic analyses (IDA). Nonlinear dynamic time history analyses have been performed by using SDOF models of these buildings under action of different scales of 20 ground motion records. Then IDA curves for each earthquake have been constructed. Limit – states at each performance level have been defined and summarizing the multi – record IDA curves, 16%, 50% and 84% fractile curves were obtained. Since selected structure represents common existing buildings in Cyprus, probabilistic structural damage estimation fragility curves were also obtained in terms of peak ground acceleration (PGA) for each considered performance level. Results showed that the strengthening method based on the NSP to satisfy the BSO requirements is much more effective than the one based on the LSP to improve the building performance and to reduce the probability of exceeding of limit states IO, LS and CP at any seismic zone.
COVID 19 CHALLENGES IN DENTAL HEALTH CARE AND DENTAL SCHOOLS

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The spread of Covid-19 in Europe represented a challenge both for dental health care providers and dental schools. The dental regulatory authorities provided guidance with instructions and recommendation for outbreak pandemic period that addressed to the limitation of contact with patients to only dental care emergencies and urgencies and to the implementation of strict safety measures to ensure the prevention of cross-infection with new coronavirus. Also, the opening of the most dental offices and clinics, after the closing of the emergency state, was accompanied by rules and recommendations aiming to ensure both safety and effectiveness of the dental activity in the post Covid 19 era. The dental schools faced new challenges related to disruption of dental students from clinical earning experiences, cancellation of scientific conferences, changes of plans and activities, blocking of academic contests for promotion and hiring of new academics and scientists, social isolation and psychological impacts on staff and students. During pandemic period most of the dental schools shifted to online teaching sharing high quality courses, clinical cases and problem-based learning tutorials by technological platforms, and redesigned theoretical and practical examens to allow the end of academic year. In the new context, the dental schools face challenges related to the need for redesigning of the clinical space and mixing the clinical and online dental education, the insurance of the safety of the dental students, teaching staff, and patients, the adjusting of the academic calendars, the maintenance of the academic and research activities as well as the continuity of the oral health care activities.
Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,2‐trans‐Diamines Using the Three‐Component Borono‐Mannich Condensation – Reaction Scope and Mechanistic Insights

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The Petasis borono‐Mannich (PBM) process with easily accessible N ‐protected α‐amino aldehydes produces 1,2‐ trans ‐diamines diastereoselectively with an enantiomeric excess up to 98 %. The protecting group on the nitrogen atom had a decisive influence on both the yield and the enantiomeric purity of the condensation products, and the best results were obtained with sulfonamide derivatives [nosyl (Ns), tosyl (Ts), and mesyl (Ms)]. To get a better understanding of the influence of the protecting group, we investigated the mechanism of the borono‐Mannich reaction through DFT calculations.
Comparative studies of thermophysical and physicochemical properties of shea butter prepared from cold press and solvent extraction methods

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Over the years, the importance of shea butter, for its exceptional use in food and cosmetics industries, has been over-emphasized. This work compares the qualities of shea butter produced from two methods of extraction with respect to thermal stability and physicochemical properties. Two different extractions; Soxhlet extraction (SBSE) and cold press (SBCP) methods were carried out, and proximate analysis, viscosity, specific gravity and refractive index of the butter were equally analyzed. The activation energies (Ea) were determined from Arrhenius-type plots, and the enthalpy, entropy as well as Gibb’s free energy were obtained from Eyring plots. Proximate analysis showed that the nuts contains 5.30% moisture, 16.45% crude protein, 4.51% ash, 46.50% crude fats, 4.45% crude fibre and 23.24% carbohydrate. Peroxide values of 4.00 and 6.50 Meq/kg, acid values of 3.50 and 9.54 mg KOH/g, iodine values of 53.82 and 54.93 g/100 g and saponification values of 172.2 and 185.7 mg/KOH were obtained for the shea butter from Soxhlet extraction (SBSE) and cold press (SBCP) methods, respectively. SBSE contains higher level of unsaturated fatty acid, oleic and linoleic acids, than SBCP, while the trend was reversed in relation to the saturated fatty acid contents. The viscosity, specific gravity and refractive index of both SBCP and SBSE are within the same range. The viscosities of the butters decrease with temperature and the activation energies (Ea) determined from Arrhenius-type plots are 170.19 and 190.97 J/mol for SBSE and SBCP, respectively, as a measure of their thermal stability. The enthalpy, entropy and Gibb’s free energy of activation obtained from Eyring plots are approximately the same for the butters from the two extraction methods and have the values of approximately 2900 J mol−1, −165 J mol−1 K−1 and 52.10 kJ mol−1, respectively, showing that the processes involved are endothermic and of non-spontaneous nature. The butter extracts exhibit good thermophysical and chemical properties and could be used as valuable industrial raw materials.
NOVAM Evaluation Utilizing Electro-Optics and Meteorological Data from KEY-90

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

An experiment known as KEY-90 took place in the Straits of Florida, from 2 to 19 July 1990. The center of operations was the town of Marathon, which is in the center of the Florida Keys. The experiment's principal objective was to verify the Naval Oceanic Vertical Aerosol Model (NOVAM) and its kernel, the Navy Aerosol Model (NAM), in a tropical ocean scenario. The data collected during KEY-90 included aerosol particle-size distributions, lidar profiles, pertinent meteorological observations, and ocean surface parameters. Shore stations, a boat, buoys, radiosondes, and aircraft provided platforms to obtain these data. These measurements determined the structure of the atmospheric surface boundary layer. This report presents a general overview of these experiments, a description of the data available from KEY-90, and specific examples of these data for 14 July 1990. Naval aerosol model, Meteorological observations, Lidar profiles, Ocean surface parameters.
Design and Installation Considerations for Minimizing Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is a severe problem area confronting design and installation engineers of electrical and electronic equipment. This paper outlines several of the many EMC problem areas confronting the aircraft manufacturer when installing and interfacing various types of electrical and electronic equipment. It also provides some design criteria that will minimize EMC problems if applied during the design and installation of the equipment.</div>
Fast detection of specific fragments against a set of sequences

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We design alignment-free techniques for comparing a sequence or word, called a target, against a set of words, called a reference. A target-specific factor of a target $T$ against a reference $R$ is a factor $w$ of a word in $T$ which is not a factor of a word of $R$ and such that any proper factor of $w$ is a factor of a word of $R$. We first address the computation of the set of target-specific factors of a target $T$ against a reference $R$, where $T$ and $R$ are finite sets of sequences. The result is the construction of an automaton accepting the set of all considered target-specific factors. The construction algorithm runs in linear time according to the size of $T\cup R$. The second result consists of the design of an algorithm to compute all the occurrences in a single sequence $T$ of its target-specific factors against a reference $R$. The algorithm runs in real-time on the target sequence, independently of the number of occurrences of target-specific factors.
A Comparative Study of Fourier Transform and CycleGAN as Domain Adaptation Techniques for Weed Segmentation - Code and Data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This dataset contains the code and data to reproduce the experiments of the paper "A Comparative Study of Fourier Transform and CycleGAN as Domain Adaptation Techniques for Weed Segmentation". The dataset comes from the ROSE Challenge, a benchmarking competition of agricultural robots focused on autonomous weed destruction. The ROSE Challenge has been organized by the National Laboratory of Metrology and Testing (LNE) and the National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food, and the Environment (INRAE). Four teams participated in the ROSE field campaigns with different robots and camera systems. The teams' names are BIPBIP, PEAD, ROSEAU, and WeedElec. They collected images in the year 2019 in an experimental field at the INRAE research center located in Montoldre, France. The teams scanned maize and bean plants with four kinds of weeds under natural daylight conditions. The dataset is composed of RGB images (with different resolutions) and semantic segmentation masks to distinguish the crop, weed, and soil classes. There are 1000 labeled images in total (125 per team and crop type). In the paper experiments, we used the images of the teams BIPBIP and WeedElec with both maize and bean crops, being the most similar in terms of shooting conditions.
Towards Visual Classification Under Class Ambiguity

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Visual classification under uncertainty is a complex computer vision problem. We present a thorough comparison of several variants of convolutional neural network (CNN) classification techniques in the context of ambiguous image data interpretation. We explore possible improvements in classification accuracy achieved by insertion of prior ambiguity information during the annotation process. This enables us to harness known similarities between individual classes and use them as probability distributions for soft ground-truth labels. We also present an approach based on Bayesian CNNs, offering the possibility of further interpretation of classification results in a problem where the neural network model is often considered as a black box. The presented techniques are verified on a practical spot weld inspection problem.
Towards Inclusive Growth: Remote Work and Digital Entrepreneurship as Tools for PwD Empowerment in Oman

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose: This paper investigates the potential of remote work platforms and digital entrepreneurship for the employment inclusion of People with Disabilities (PwD) in Oman. PwD face challenges in the labor market due to social stigma and a lack of awareness about remote work options. This study aims to assess the general digital and digital marketing skills of PwD in Oman, identify the gap between their skills and the requirements of virtual platforms for remote work, and recommend online training programs to bridge the gap. Method: The study will use a mixed-methods approach with questionnaires and real-life scenarios to assess skills and competencies. This study will employ a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative (questionnaire) and qualitative (real-life scenarios) data collection methods. Results and conclusion: This study will use structural equation modelling, Linear probability and multiple response regression models to validate and identify predictors of skill levels and potential gaps between self-assessment and performance. This guides in the development of appropriate online training which improves the employment prospects of PwDs. Research Implication: PwDs can apply knowledge, understanding, and practical abilities gained through competency development initiatives in the business work process. With freedom and autonomy, they can make judgments and decisions that will improve their psychological state of mind and confidence. This also ensures access to equal opportunity, independence, and protection against discrimination. Originality/Value: The study contributes to Oman Vision 2040 and aligns with national priorities of promoting economic development and empowering vulnerable groups like PwD. This research aims to empower PwD in Oman through skills development and access to remote work opportunities, contributing to their social and economic inclusion.