jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The past, present and future of underwater passive acoustic monitoring

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

We review the history of underwater passive acoustic monitoring and predict the future trajectory. Over the past three decades, advances in digital data storage capacity and low power electronics have made it possible to collect autonomous long-term broadband passive acoustic monitoring data. Concomitant advances have taken place in data analysis and curation. Standardized spectra are an excellent first-step in analysis, calculated for all data using multiple frequency bands. These spectra allow in-situ instrument calibration based on an understanding of underwater ambient noise. Software for efficient manual scanning and signal discovery is used for verification and error estimation. Automatic detectors/classifiers are obtained from both supervised and unsupervised machine learning. Detections are aggregated into a database that allows the combination of multiple datasets and association with environmental or other data. Future work will increasing use of arrays of acoustics sensors, the integration of passive acoustics with other sensors, and machine learning that integrates these data streams to provide better understanding of anthropogenic, biological and physical processes in the ocean.
Parallel circuit currents in stator windings of a pumped storage power station

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In a pumped storage power station, equalization currents between the stator windings in phase are greater than the expected calculated value. Several 3D and 2D finite element calculations have been performed in this paper to evaluate the additional leakage reactance of the end winding for the different parallel paths. The calculation shows that the distribution of windings in the power plant leads to different leakage reactance values in the stator slots between parallel branches, resulting in a balanced current. The occurring equalization currents do not represent an issue for machine safety as they are not connected to machine asymmetries and do not lead to additional machine vibrations.
Foucault's evaluation of the UN call for human rights in global food governance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter identifies the dominant trends in global food governance, with the major paradigms comprising approaches that focus on state-centric international institutions, privatized free-market approaches, or public private stakeholder arrangements. It demonstrates a compatibility between the two in terms of human rights addressing an area neglected by trends in global food governance, but it does not show whether human rights is capable of sufficiently resolving the area of neglect. Foucault provides insights that identify not only why the status of individual human beings in the power inequalities in global food governance is problematic, but also highlight how such inequalities can be rectified so as to improve their status and hence better advance their interests. This chapter critiqued the UNHCHR's call for human rights using the theories of Michel Foucault to assert that human rights are insufficient to address the issues used to justify their inclusion in global food governance.
Forecasting inflation and tracking monetary policy in the euro area: does national information help?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The ECB objective is set in terms of year on year growth rate of the Euro area HICP. Nonetheless, a good deal of attention is given to national data by market analysts when they try to anticipate monetary policy moves. In this paper we use the Generalized Dynamic Factor model to develop a set of core inflation indicators that, combining national data with area wide information, allow us to answer two related questions. The first is whether country specific data actually bear any relevance for the future path of area wide price growth, over and above that already contained in area wide data. The second is whether in order to track ECB monetary policy decisions it is useful to take into account national information and not only area wide statistics. In both cases our findings point to the conclusion that, once area wide information is properly taken into account, there is little to be gained from considering national idiosyncratic developments. JEL Classification: C25, E37, E52
In Freedom's Cause: The Contract to Negotiate

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article In Freedom's Cause: The Contract to Negotiate Get access Jeff Cumberbatch Jeff Cumberbatch * Faculty of Law, University of the West Indies Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, Volume 12, Issue 4, Winter 1992, Pages 586–589, https://doi.org/10.1093/ojls/12.4.586 Published: 01 December 1992
The Formation of Moral Character through No-Self in Neo-Confucian Thought

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Imagine you are in the midst of an important presentation. The essence of a compelling presentation rests not only on your deep understanding and clear expression of the content but also on your keen observation of the audience's grasp and reactions. This attentive observation enables you to skillfully modify the tempo and style of your delivery. However, the challenge often lies in not being fully immersed in these crucial aspects. An obstacle here is the self-focused attention you pay to yourself during the presentation. For example, excessive self-awareness of nervous indicators, like blushing or trembling, or being engrossed in your own thoughts and feelings, can significantly disrupt your performance. Initially, this self-focused attention may act as a form of self-regulation, particularly useful in unfamiliar settings or in situations where the presentation holds great personal importance. It helps in curtailing undue anxiety and keeps you from being sidetracked. However, the issue arises when this self-focused attention continues throughout the presentation. It shifts your focus away from the vital task of deeply engaging with both the content and the audience. 2
Vehicle Sideslip Trajectory Prediction Based on Time-Series Analysis and Multi-Physical Model Fusion

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

On highways, vehicles that swerve out of their lane due to sideslip can pose a serious threat to the safety of autonomous vehicles. To ensure their safety, predicting the sideslip trajectories of such vehicles is crucial. However, the scarcity of data on vehicle sideslip scenarios makes it challenging to apply data-driven methods for prediction. Hence, this study uses a physical model-based approach to predict vehicle sideslip trajectories. Nevertheless, the traditional physical model-based method relies on constant input assumption, making its long-term prediction accuracy poor. To address this challenge, this study presents the time-series analysis and interacting multiple model-based (IMM) sideslip trajectory prediction (TSIMMSTP) method, which encompasses time-series analysis and multi-physical model fusion, for the prediction of vehicle sideslip trajectories. Firstly, we use the proposed adaptive quadratic exponential smoothing method with damping (AQESD) in the time-series analysis module to predict the input state sequence required by kinematic models. Then, we employ an IMM approach to fuse the prediction results of various physical models. The implementation of these two methods allows us to significantly enhance the long-term predictive accuracy and reduce the uncertainty of sideslip trajectories. The proposed method is evaluated through numerical simulations in vehicle sideslip scenarios, and the results clearly demonstrate that it improves the long-term prediction accuracy and reduces the uncertainty compared to other model-based methods.
Hyaloterminalis, a novel genus of Coryneaceae in order Diaporthales

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The dematiaceous coelomycete Hyaloterminalis alishanensis gen. et sp. nov. (Coryneaceae, Diaporthales, Sordariomycetes) is introduced in this paper. It was isolated from dead branches of Cerasus sp. from the Ali Mountain, Taiwan. Coryneum was previously the only genus in Coryneaceae, and morphological similarity of Hyaloterminalis with the type genus is limited to broadly fusiform, brown conidia. Hyaloterminalis differs from Coryneum in having pycnidial conidiomata, persistent paraphyses and conidiophore morphology, with a long narrow hyaline tip to the apical cell and hyaline basal cells. Multigene phylogenetic analyses, using a combined LSU, ITS and TEF1-α sequence data generated from maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and MrBayes analyses, confirmed that Hyaloterminalis forms a distinct lineage within Coryneaceae and its establishment as a new genus is well-supported. The new taxon is described, illustrated and compared with Coryneum. The ITS (MH861215) and LSU (MH872982) sequences obtained from the ex-type strain of Talekpea foeticia, confirm its status as a member in Coryneaceae. Therefore, Talekpea is accepted as a distinct genus in Coryneaceae.
REMOTE#RESEARCH - A Telediagnosis Assistance System for Multiple-Lead Electrocardiography

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background : The diffusion of telemedicine opens up a new perspective for the development of technologies furthered by Biomedical Engineering. In particular, herein we deal with those related to telediagnosis through multiple-lead electrocardiographic signals. Objectives : This study focuses on the proof-of-concept of an internet-based telemedicine system as a use case that attests to the feasibility for the development, within the university environment, of techniques for remote processing of biomedical signals for adjustable detection of myocardial ischemia episodes. Methods : At each signal lead, QRS complexes are detected and delimited with the J -point marking. The same procedure to detect the complex is used to identify the respective T wave, then the area over the ST segment is applied to detect ischemia-related elevations. The entire system is designed on web-based telemedicine services using multiuser, remote access technologies, and database.Results : The measurements for sensitivity and precision had their respective averages calculated at 11.79% and 24.21% for the lead s of lower noise. T he evaluations regarding the aspects of user friendliness and the usefulness of the application, resulted in 88.57% and 89.28% of broad or total acceptance, respectively .Conclusions : They are robust enough to enable scalability and can be offered by cloud computing, besides enabling the development of new biomedical signal processing techniques within the concept of distance services, using a modular architecture with collaborative bias.
Electrocatalytic Activity of Galvanostatically Deposited Ni thin Films for Methanol Electrooxidation

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Nickel and nickel-based nanomaterials are an attractive choice to replace noble metals as electrocatalyst in alkaline direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs) owing to their lower cost and suitable electrocatalytic activity. Among the different synthetic methods available for the production of nanostructured materials, galvanostatic electrodeposition offers a fast and simple means of fabricating active electrodes. Therefore, thin-layers of nickel were electrodeposited onto polycrystalline gold electrodes using constant current pulses from an electrolyte containing 50 mM NiSO4. The electrocatalytic properties of the nickel nanostructures in alkaline medium, in which the catalytic species NiOOH is formed, were evaluated through cyclic voltammetry in 0.5 M methanol + 1 M KOH. The effects of current density pulse and the presence of sulfate or chloride anions in the supporting electrolyte on the electrocatalytic activity of the deposits were studied using Ni(OH)2 surface concentration, Gamma, and electrocatalytic intensity, EI, as performance parameters. It was found that highest electrolcatalytic activities were obtained when using current densities pulses close to 4.0 mA/cm2 in the presence of sulfates. It was found that the presence of sulfates leads to a strong correlation between the electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of methanol and the surface concentration of Ni(OH)2.
Climate Transition Risk in Morocco: Financial Implications of SDGs for the Stock Market

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Objective: This study evaluates climate transition risks in Morocco, focusing on the energy sector under the climate actions outlined by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It aims to understand the financial implications of climate transition risk in the Moroccan stock market. Theoretical Framework: The study builds on the frameworks of transition risk assessment and integrated assessment models, employing a Poisson jump process to capture uncertainties in climate policy transitions. Method: A model-based approach is utilized, incorporating CO2 data, integrated assessment models, and six climate scenarios. The analysis uses Monte Carlo simulations to explore potential policy shifts and their impact on the Moroccan stock market. Results and Discussion: Findings reveal significant differences in the resilience of energy sub-sectors, with fossil fuel sectors facing substantial financial losses, while renewable sectors show greater resilience. A responsible investment strategy, prioritizing low-carbon sectors, demonstrates a significant reduction in financial risks compared to a capitalistic alternative. The study highlights the critical role of sustainable investment in mitigating climate transition risks. Research Implications: The results provide valuable insights for Moroccan financial entities, emphasizing the importance of aligning investments with SDGs to minimize financial risks. The findings also offer a foundation for developing climate risk assessment tools that support sustainable finance in Morocco. Originality/Value: This study is the first to focus on quantifying climate transition risk in the Moroccan stock market. It stands out for its innovative approach to modeling the uncertainty associated with climate policies, providing a more refined understanding of how policy shifts impact financial risks.
River basin sediment dynamics and interactions within the UK Land–Ocean Interaction Study: the context

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

A major Land-Ocean Interaction Study (LOIS) was launched by the UK Natural Environmental Research Council in 1992 as a Community Research Programme. The six-year programme, which was completed in 1998, aimed to estimate contemporary fluxes into and out of the coastal zone, to characterize the key physical and biogeochemical processes involved, to describe the longer term evolution of coastal systems and to develop coupled land-ocean models. The rivers component of the LOIS study focused on the Yorkshire Ouse and the other principal rivers draining to the Humber Estuary, and on the River Tweed. Most effort was directed to the Yorkshire Ouse. The river research programme emphasized sediment, water quality and biological investigations. In view of the general lack of information on suspended sediment transport by British rivers, particular attention was placed on investigating the suspended sediment dynamics of the study rivers and their tidal reaches and interactions between fine sediment and nutrients and contaminants. The 14 papers contained in this special issue report various aspects of these sediment studies, including several linked to the longer term behaviour of the river systems involved.
Flammability characterization of foam plastics

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The results of a study to identify an alternative test protocol to the Steiner Tunnel Test as a measure of flammability for foamed plastic are presented.New fire test apparatuses namely the Cone Calorimeter and Lateral Ignition and Flame Spread apparatus were used to more completely characterize foamed plastic flammability.Key flammability properties obtained from these apparatuses describe ignitability, flame spread rate, rate of heat release, and smoke obscuration.An extensive data set of these flammability properties for 10 selected foamed plastics was generated.The tested materials included melting foams (polystyrene foams) and charring foams (polyurethanes, polyisocyanurate and phenolic foams).The effects of melting and dripping was limited by testing the materials in the horizontal orientation.In addition, an integrated approach to material flammability characterization is presented that uses these parameters to predict fire growth potential.
Effluent trading to improve water quality: What do we know today?

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Watershed based trading or effluent trading, allows pollution sources to buy controls that will reduce the amount of a problem pollutant elsewhere in the watershed or drainage basin. By buying such controls, factories do not need to install abatement technologies to lower the discharge of that pollutant for their own plants. Parties involved in the trade want to either: (a) trade directly with each other; or (b) create a market of ‘credits’ that represent a specific amount of pollutant reduction. The intent of trading is to achieve an expected reduction of a particular pollutant at a lower cost. The challenge with trading is to allow for innovative, market-based reforms without compromising the existing safeguards in environmental protection. In this paper we provide an overview of the benefits and considerations associated with designing an effluent trading program. We end by formulating some policy recommendations.
Lensing in the Darkness: A Bayesian Analysis of 22 Chandra Sources at $z \gtrsim 6$ Shows No Evidence of Lensing

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

More than $200$ quasars have been detected so far at $z > 6$, with only one showing clear signs of strong gravitational lensing. Some studies call for a missing population of lensed high-$z$ quasars, but their existence is still in doubt. A large fraction of high-$z$ quasars being lensed would have a significant effect on the shape of the intrinsic quasar luminosity function (QLF). Here, we perform the first systematic search for lensed X-ray-detected quasars at $z \gtrsim 6$ employing a Bayesian analysis, with the code BAYMAX, to look for morphological evidence of multiple images that may escape a visual inspection. We analyzed a sample of 22 quasars at $z > 5.8$ imaged by the Chandra X-ray observatory and found none with statistically significant multiple images. In the sub-sample of the 8 sources with photon counts $>20$ we exclude multiple images with separations $r>1''$ and count ratios $f>0.4$, or with separations as small as $0.''7$ and $f>0.7$ at $95\%$ confidence level. Comparing this non-detection with predictions from theoretical models suggesting a high and a low lensed fraction, we placed upper limits on the bright-end slope, $β$, of the QLF. Using only the sub-sample with 8 sources, we obtain, in the high-lensing model, a limit $β< 3.38$. Assuming no multiple source is present in the full sample of 22 sources, we obtain $β< 2.89$ and $β< 3.53$ in the high and low lensing models, respectively. These constraints strongly disfavor steep QLF shapes previously proposed in the literature.
SYNTHETIC LETHALITY AND SEMI-LETHALITY AMONG FUNCTIONALLY RELATED MUTANTS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

sex-linked mutant deep orange (dor) of Drosophila melanogaster is Tzonsible for a peculiar type of female sterility: mutant females produce no progeny when crossed to mutant males but yield some offspring (heterozygous daughters) when mated to wild-type males (MERRELL 1947). The effects of this mutant on embryonic development have been extensively studied by COUNCE (1956a) and more recently by HILDRETH and LUCCHESI (1967). In addition to the sterility phene, dor alters the pigmentation of the eyes (which are orange in color) and confers an abnormal spectrum of relative pteridine concentrations. An unusual characteristic of dor is that isoxanthopterin appears to be accumulated by mutant females (COUNCE 1957). During the course of preliminary investigations into the biochemical basis of dor female-sterility, art attempt was made to prevent the accumulation of isoxanthopterin in mutant females by genetic means. This resulted in the discovery of a highly specific synthetic lethal system involving dor and a non-allelic third chromosome mutant, rosy (ry) . The dor-ry system is similar to three other synthetic lethal systems, previously described in D. melanogaster: purpleoid (pd) and Purpleoider (Pdr) (BRIDGES 1922; as cited in BRIDGES and BREHME 1944) ; prune (pn) and Prune-killer (K-pn) ( STURTEVANT 1956) ; and Henna-recessiue-3 (Hnr3) and rosy (ry6) (TAIRA 1960; GOLDBERG, SCHALET and CHOVNICK 1962). A search was undertaken for the purpose of uncovering additional interactions among some of the mutants mentioned above. Since six of the latter affect eye color and/or pteridine levels, a number of other eye color mutants were tested. In addition, the female sterile mutant fused (fu) , similar in many respects to dor (although allowing lethal embryos to develop further than dor embryos (COUNCE 195613) ). was used in
Histopathological alterations and distribution of Adenoscolex oreini in intestines and their seasonal rate of infestation in three freshwater fishes of Kashmir

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

On examination of 444 Schizothorax spp. revealed 144 (32.43%) were found to be infected with the A. oreini. Out of 224 spp. examined from the Dal Lake 71 (31.69%) were found infected with A. oreini. Host-wise distribution of the parasite was significantly varied (p
Another Plea for Limiting Intravenous Infusions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor.—

The recent letter (237:1927, 1977) regarding "Ubiquitous (and Extravagant) Intravenous Infusion" certainly hits home for a neurosurgeon. We echo Viljoen's plea, especially in patients unable to eat, drink, or communicate after brain damage, but for another reason— aggravation of cerebral edema or even water intoxication.1In the acute phase when vomiting is likely, intravenous infusion, of course, is the only route for replacement of excreted and secreted fluids. However, as we previously reported,2when the volume for a 70-kg adult is limited to 1 liter/24 hours during the immediate postcraniotomy period, hemostasis as measured by serum sodium level and osmolality and BUN level is better maintained than with double that amount. It can be assumed in unconscious patients, particularly after trauma, that antidiuretic hormone activity is heightened and that they cannot afford to have their kidneys "thoroughly flushed throughout the hospital stay." This is in