jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Biochemical characterization of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of the thiopeptide thiomuracin

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Clinically significant antibiotic resistance has evolved against virtually every antibiotic currently deployed, therefore it is critical for human health to discover new antibacterial agents with novel modes of action. Thiopeptides are a family of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) that have outstanding biological profile, including high potency against a variety of antibiotic resistant pathogenic strains. Their new modes of action have attracted many efforts to develop chemical syntheses, and to study their biological function and biosynthetic origin. However, the complex architecture and poor physicochemical properties have plagued this otherwise-promising class of antibiotics. To address these challenges, this dissertation used the thiopeptide thiomuracin as a model to establish the reconstitution of the biosynthesis of thiopeptide in vitro, and to characterize the activity of the highly unusual modification enzymes involved in thiopeptide biosynthetic pathway. This work will guide future efforts to improve the properties of thiopeptide natural products.\nThe biosynthesis of the thiopeptide thiomuracin is a well-orchestrated process involving a multitude of post-translational modifications. Chapter 2 presents the first in vitro biosynthesis of the core scaffold of thiopeptide thiomuracin, while Chapter 3 will provide insights into the substrate specificities, directionality, and timing of catalysis by six proteins involved in the formation of this core scaffold of thiopeptides. Characterization and mechanistic investigation of TbtI, a radical S-adenosyl-L-methionine thiazole C-methyltransferase involved in the tailoring modification of thiomuracin, are presented in Chapter 4. Lastly, Chapter 5 discusses the characterization of an ATP and tRNA dependent peptidyl transferase involved in a pathway where a ribosomally synthesized small peptide serves as a catalytic scaffold on which a small-molecule is biosynthesized in Pseudomonas syringae.
ABOUT A BLACK SWANS, E-ADMINISTRATION AND EUROPEAN FUNDS – REALIZATION OF PUBLIC TASKS IN THE PERIOD OF THE EPIDEMIC EMERGENCY

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article contains an analysis of selected provisions of the Act on enforcement proceedings in administration after the amendment in 2019. Administrative enforcement proceedings and administrative enforcement that is an integral part thereof are a type of procedures that should follow certain general principles. These principles were formulated by the legislator, as well as legal solutions that were to be an expression of their implementation. According to the author, the amendment to the Act on enforcement proceedings in administration of 2019 has significantly changed the course of enforcement proceedings, resulting in a new model for shaping this administrative procedure.
Homophily, Selection, and Socialization in Adolescent Friendships 1

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Longitudinal sociometric data on adolescent friendship pairs, friends-to-be, and former friends are examined to assess levels of homophily on four attributes (frequency of current marijuana use, level of educational aspirations, political orientation, and participation in minor delinquency) at various stages of friendship formation and dissolution. In addition, estimates are developed of the extent to which observed homophily in friendship dyads results from a process of selection (assortative pairing), in which similarity precedes association and the extent to which it results from a process of socialization in which association leads to similarity. The implications of the results for interpreting estimates of peer influence derived from cross-sectional data are discussed.
The Serum Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Levels and Their Relationship With Antithrombin-III and von Willebrand Factor In Preeclampsia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Preeclampsia, characterized by changes in the placenta and uteroplacental vasculature, is the most frequent complication of pregnancy. It is argued that an overproduction of placental cytokines may be associated with the pathophysiological changes found in preeclampsia. In this study, it is aimed to determine the levels of both pro-inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor-α) and immunoregulatory (interleukin-6) cytokines and their relationships with von Willebrand factor and anti-thrombin III from both preeclamptic and healthy pregnant women. Material and Methods: Twenty-five pregnant women with preeclampsia and 25 healthy pregnant women were included in the study. The fasting blood samples were obtained at eight o’clock in the morning from the both groups and interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, von Willebrand factor and anti-thrombin III levels were measured. From the preeclamptic patients blood samples were obtained at twelve o’clock midnight to determine the diurnal variation in these two cytokine levels. Results: As compared to healthy pregnant group, levels of interleukin-6 and anti-thrombin III were significantly lower and von Willebrand factor level was significantly higher in the preeclamptic group (p<0.05). Tumor necrosis factor-α level did not differ significantly between the two groups. Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels did not show significant diurnal variation in preeclamptic group. A significant positive correlation was found between the tumor necrosis factor-α levels measured in the morning and night samples in the preeclamptic group (p<0.01, r=0.701). Also, a significant positive correlation was found between the tumor necrosis factor-α and von Willebrand factor levels in healthy pregnant group (p<0.05, r=0.648). Conclusions: These findings suggest that preeclampsia is associated with decreased interleukin-6, and anti-thrombin III, and with increased von Willebrand factor levels.
The Impact of Social Isolation during the COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical and Mental Health: The Lived Experience of Adolescents with Obesity and Their Caregivers

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Adolescence is a complex developmental phase, made more complex by obesity and the social isolation imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. The literature related to the impact of social isolation on obesity self-management in adolescents is scant and inconsistent. This paper describes the phenomenon from the perspectives of a sample of adolescents with obesity enrolled in an inpatients’ multidisciplinary rehabilitation program for weight-loss and their caregivers, and its impact on different life domains. Individual semi-structured ad hoc interviews were conducted with 10 adolescent-caregiver dyads, and narratives were qualitatively investigated using an interpretative phenomenology approach to data. Twenty participants took part in the study. The major themes that emerged from this study fall into five basic categories: (1) COVID-19 as an opportunity to reconsider what makes a good life; (2) Persistence in life; (3) Empowering relationship; (4) Daily routine in quarantine; (5) Lives on hold. Understandings drawn from this study may assist health care professionals in providing holistic support, and guidance to adolescents with weight-related issues and their caregivers who experience social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic.
A review of Microelectrode Array technologies: Design and implementation challenges

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The emerging field of neuroprosthetics is focused on design and implementation of neural prostheses to restore some of the lost neural functions. Remarkable progress has been reported in the various brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) but the electrode-tissue contacts remain one of the major obstacles. The success of these BMIs relies on electrodes which are in contact with the neural tissue and act as an interface between tissue/ sensors or tissue/ bio-microelectromechanical systems (bio-MEMS). In recent years, Microelectrode Arrays (MEAs) fabrication techniques have been developed to have a long-term and stable interface with the brain. So far, none of these attempts have lead to a major breakthrough. In this paper, we review different microfabrication techniques of MEAs with their advantages and drawbacks. Then, we propose high-density, three-dimensional (3D), silicon-based MEAs using micromachining methods. The geometries that will be used include arrays of penetrating variable-height probes.
CD1 and Major Histocompatibility Complex II Molecules Follow a Different Course during Dendritic Cell Maturation

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The maturation of dendritic cells is accompanied by the redistribution of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules from the lysosomal MHC class II compartment to the plasma membrane to mediate presentation of peptide antigens. Besides MHC molecules, dendritic cells also express CD1 molecules that mediate presentation of lipid antigens. Herein, we show that in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells, unlike MHC class II, the steady-state distribution of lysosomal CD1b and CD1c isoforms was unperturbed in response to lipopolysaccharide-induced maturation. However, the lysosomes in these cells underwent a dramatic reorganization into electron dense tubules with altered lysosomal protein composition. These structures matured into novel and morphologically unique compartments, here termed mature dendritic cell lysosomes (MDL). Furthermore, we show that upon activation mature dendritic cells do not lose their ability of efficient clathrin-mediated endocytosis as demonstrated for CD1b and transferrin receptor molecules. Thus, the constitutive endocytosis of CD1b molecules and the differential sorting of MHC class II from lysosomes separate peptide- and lipid antigen-presenting molecules during dendritic cell maturation.
The Impact of Governance Structure on R &amp; D Investment in Chinese Listed Family Firms under the Institutional Environment of Marketization

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The Pooled OLS model is used to analyze whether governance structure such as family ownership, management, and control can actually influence R & D investment in Chinese family firms by application of the listed companies from the CSMAR database. After controlling for size, debt, age, profitability and growth, the positive impacts of family ownership and family management on R & D and the negative impact of family control on R & D are found. The other research question explored is whether the moderating effects of institution environment exist in the sample. Institution environment variable and its intersection terms with governance structure are added to the models respectively. Meanwhile, the positive impacts of family ownership and family management on R & D are weaker while the negative impact of family control is weaker provincially in a better institution environment. Regarding the institution environment itself, it shows a consistent positive impact on R & D investment. Meanwhile a substitution effect between the institution environment and the family governance structure is found.
Novel Low Temperature Solid State Fuel Cells

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

We have successfully fabricated (PrBa)Co<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5+δ</sub> and (LaBa)Co<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5+δ</sub> epitaxial thin film on various single crystal substrates. Physical and electrochemical properties characterizations were carried out. Highly conductive oxygen-deficient double perovskite LnBaCo<sub>2</sub>O<sup>5+</sup> thin films were grown on single crystal (001) SrTiO<sub>3</sub> (STO), (001) MgO, (001) LaAlO<sub>3</sub> and (110) NdGaO<sub>3</sub>} substrate by pulsed laser deposition. Microstructure studies from synchrotron X-ray diffraction and Transmission electron microscopy. High temperature transport properties was carried in different atmosphere (O<sub>2</sub>,Air, N<sub>2</sub>) up to ~900K. Resistance response of (LaBa)Co<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5+δ</sub> epitaxial thin film was characterized in oxygen, nitrogen and 4% hydrogen over a wide range of temperature from 400 C up to 800 C. To determine the electrode performance and oxygen exchange kinetics of PrBaCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5+δ</sub>, multi-layered thin film based half cell was deposited on LaAlO<sub>3</sub>(001) substrate. The temperature dependence of the resistance of this half cell structure was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) within different temperature and gas environments. Anode supported fuel cells, with GCO:YSZ multilayer thin film as electrolyte and PBCO thin film as electrode, are fabricated on tape casted NiO/YSZ substrate. Full cell performance is characterized up to 800 C.
Special Issue: Towards Integrated Wafer Resources Management for Sustainable Development Numerical modelling of salt-water intrusion due to human activities and sea-level change in the

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The effects of human activities and sea-level changes on the spatial and temporal behaviour of the coupled mechanism of salt-water and freshwater flow through the Godavari Delta of India were analysed. The density driven salt-water intrusion process was simulated with the use of a SUTRA (Saturated-Unsaturated TRAnsport) model. Physical parameters, initial heads, and boundary conditions of the delta were defined on the basis of available field data, and an areal, steady-state groundwater model was constructed to calibrate the observed head values corresponding to the initial development phase of the aquifer. Initial and boundary conditions determined from the areal calibration were used to evaluate steady-state, hydraulic heads. Consequently, the initial position of the hydraulic head distribution was calibrated under steady-state conditions. The changes of initial hydraulic distribution, under discharge and recharge conditions, were calculated, and the present-day position of the interface was predicted. The present-day distribution of hydraulic head was estimated via a 20-year simulation. The results indicate that a considerable advance in seawater intrusion can be expected in the coastal aquifer if
Early Surgical Management and Triple Antibiotic Regimen in the Management of Necrotizing Fasciitis of Scalp

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rare yet alarming condition faced by a maxillofacial surgeon. This articlewould emphasize the importance of early aggressive surgical management with triple antibiotic regimen ofpenicillinase-resistant penicillin, aminoglycoside and metronidazole in the successful management of NF.We would also like the emphasize the importance of 1% hydrogen Peroxide + Saline + Betadine followedby copius irrigation with Betadine+Saline + Metronidazole in NF along with a negative pressure drain tomanage NF effectively.
Prevalence of Uropathogens and Its Antibiogram among Diabetic and Non Diabetic Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: The objectives of the research was to evaluate the prevalence of uropathogens, their resistance pattern, and association factors of UTI among diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during the year Sep-2022 to Jan-2024, among 1048 adult patients from SMIMER (Smimer Hospital and Medical college, Surat) and other private laboratory from Surat area. Using recommended culture methods, Clean-catch midstream urine samples were collected and examined for the presence of uropathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Results: The highest prevalence of uropathogens were Escherichia coli (49%), Klebsiella spp (39.2%) and Candida (fungus) (13.2%). Most of the uropathogens were sensitive to nitrofurantoin, cefixime and amikacine in diabetic and most of the uropathogens were sensitive to meropenem, amikacine and levofloxacin in non-diabetic patients. Whereas resistant to Ampicillin/Sulbactam, Cefuroxime and Co-Trimoxazole (Sulpha/Trimethoprim) in diabetic patients, same as resistant to amikacin and netillin drug in non diabetic patients. Conclusion: The prevalence of UTI and most commonly used antibiotics among diabetic and non-diabetic patients is compared with published paper. Urine analysis and culture should be performed in all diabetic and non diabetic patients. Most common uropathogens is E.coli in both groups.
Justice, management, and governance

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The object of this paper is to examine the debate in business ethics over extending insights from political philosophy (e.g. theories of distributive justice) to address questions about the management and governance of economic enterprises. Design/methodology/approach The paper engages in a philosophical argument. Findings Even if justice does not matter in a direct manner for questions about economic enterprises, current debate overlooks the possibility that justice matters in an indirect manner for questions about the management and governance of economic enterprises. The paper illustrates two ways in which justice matters for such questions. The first concerns the promotion of stakeholder interests by multinational corporations. The second concerns the claims of workers to participate in the governance of economic enterprises. Originality/value The paper is offered as a contribution to the literature on normative theories of managerial responsibility and corporate governance.
PENGARUH LIKUIDITAS, PROFITABILITAS, SOLVABILITAS, DAN RASIO PASAR TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2017 - 2020

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study aims to examine the effect of Liquidity, Profitability, Solvency, and Market Ratio on the stock prices of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2017-2020. The study population was 185 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The sampling technique in this study was carried out using a purposive sampling method, namely a sampling technique with several criteria that must be met. The samples used in this study were 39 companies. This study uses secondary data with documentation techniques which can be accessed through www.idx.co.id. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis by conducting t and F tests. The results of hypothesis testing show that Liquidity (Current Ratio) and Market Ratio (Price to Book Value) have a positive and significant effect on the stock prices of manufacturing companies listed on the Stock Exchange Indonesia for the 2017-2020 period, Profitability (Return On Assets) and Solvability (Debt to Equity Ratio) have a negative and significant effect on the stock prices of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-2020 period. Simultaneous testing that Liquidity (Current Ratio), Profitability (Return On Assets), Solvency (Debt to Equity Ratio), and Market Ratio (Price to Book Value) have a simultaneous and significant effect on the stock prices of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2017-2020. The coefficient of determination of 61.6% means that variations in Current Ratio, Return On Assets, Debt to Equity Ratio, Price to Book Value are able to explain variations in stock prices of 61.6% while the remaining 38.4% is explained by other variables not included in the model.
The effect of applying telehealth education to home care of infants after congenital heart disease surgery

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of applying telehealth education to home care of infants after congenital heart disease (CHD) surgery. Methods A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted from July 2020 to February 2021 in Fujian Children’s Hospital to compare the home care condition of infants after CHD surgery between the intervention group and the control group. Results At 3 months after discharge, parents’ caring ability and CHD knowledge in the intervention group were significantly better than those in the control group and were significantly improved compared with those at discharge time (P &lt; 0.05). The parental care burden in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group and was significantly lower than that at discharge time (P &lt; 0.05). During the follow-up period, the rate of loss of follow-up and complications in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion Telehealth education via WeChat can effectively improve the knowledge of disease and home care ability of parents of infants after CHD surgery and reduce their home care burden, which can effectively reduce the incidence of complications and lost to follow-up rate after discharge.
CONFLICTING EFFECTS OF FATIGUE AND POTENTIATION ON VOLUNTARY FORCE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The objective of this study was to investigate whether a warm-up consisting of a series of maximal contractions would augment the force and activation of subsequent leg extensor contractions. Both voluntary and evoked isometric contractions were tested to determine the mechanisms underlying the response. Nine subjects were tested for twitch, tetanic, submaximal (30%), and maximal voluntary contractile (MVC) properties before and after (1, 5, 10, and 15 minutes) one to three 10-second MVCs. MVC force either did not change following 1–2 MVCs or was depressed at 10 and 15 minutes after 3 MVCs. MVC activation was decreased (4.4–6.9%) throughout recovery, whereas submaximal contractions were minimally affected. Although overall, twitches were potentiated (15.5–19.8%) posttest, 3 MVCs had significantly greater twitch potentiation than 1 or 2 MVCs at 5 and 10 minutes. Results suggest that voluntary and evoked contractions respond differently to prior 10-second MVCs. In the present study, a warm-up routine of 1–3 MVCs of a 10-second duration did not enhance subsequent voluntary performance.
Spectral Function Evolution in a Multibandd-Electron Model:CombinedSingle-Particle and Many-Body Effects

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report the results of a theoretical study on the evolution of the photoemission spectral function driven by interactions in a realistic $d$-electron model with ${d}^{1}$ configuration. These results are qualitatively different from those of single-particle and simple Hubbard-type models. Both the realistic band-structure aspects and the on-site interactions are considered. Physical insights are gained about general spectroscopic behavior of multiband $d$-electron materials with degenerate occupied orbitals. Excellent agreement with experiment is found.