jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Endangered Species Act and Habitat Conservation Plans

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The federal Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA) is over 40 years old. During those years, the landscape of endangered species issues and the tools we have to address them have changed considerably. Habitat Conservation Plans (HCP) under the ESA have been used throughout the country for 30 years and have significantly changed the way federal agencies address impacts to endangered species. The ever‐changing needs of endangered species, and the laws in place to protect them, affect all aspects of project planning. The history of these laws and the current issues today are key to understanding when an HCP may benefit your project or plan.
Tumor microenvironment indoctrination

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Nastiness of cancer does not only reside in the corruption of cancer cells by genetic aberrations that drive their sustained proliferative power--the roots of malignancy--but also in its aptitude to reciprocally sculpt its surrounding environment and cellular stromal ecosystem, in such a way that the corrupted tumor microenvironment becomes a full pro-tumorigenic entity. Such a contribution had been appreciated three decades ago already, with the discovery of tumor angiogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling. Nevertheless, the recent emergence of the tumor microenvironment as the critical determinant in cancer biology is paralleled by the promising therapeutic potential it carries, opening alternate routes to fight cancer. The study of the tumor microenvironment recruited numerous lead-scientists over the years, with distinct perspectives, and some of them have kindly accepted to contribute to the elaboration of this special issue entitled Tumor microenvironment indoctrination: An emerging hallmark of cancer.
Destabilizing effects on a classic tri-trophic oyster-reef cascade

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

How interactions among multiple predators affect the stability of trophic cascades is a topic of special ecological interest. To examine factors affecting the stability of the classic tri-trophic oyster reef cascade within a different context, configurations of three predators, including the Gulf toadfish, Gulf stone crab, and oystershell mud crab, were manipulated together with either oyster shell or limestone gravel substrate within a multiple predator effects (MPE) experiment. Additionally, a complimentary set of trait-mediated-indirect interaction (TMII) experiments examined the inhibition of oyster consumption relative to mud-crab size and top predator identity in the absence of other cues and factors. The classic tri-trophic cascade formed by the toadfish-mud crab-oyster configuration was potentially weakened by several interactions within the MPE experiment. Consumption of oysters and mud crabs by the intraguild stone crab was undeterred by the presence of toadfish. Although mud crab feeding was inhibited in the presence of both toadfish and stone crabs, estimated non-consumptive effects (NCEs) were weaker for stone crabs in the MPE experiment. Consequently, the total effect was destabilizing when all three predator species were together. Inhibition of mud crab feeding was inversely related to direct predation on mud crabs within the MPE experiment. Complimentary TMII experiments revealed greater inhibition of mud crab feeding in response to stone crabs under sparse conditions. TMII experiments also implied that inhibition of mud crab feeding could have largely accounted for NCEs relative to oysters within the MPE experiment, as opposed to interference by other mud crabs or top predators. An inverse relationship between mud crab size and NCE strength in the TMII experiment disclosed another potentially destabilizing influence on the tri-trophic-cascade. Finally, although habitat complexity generally dampened the consumption of oysters across MPE treatments, complex habitat promoted mud crab feeding in the presence of toadfish alone. This study underscores how ecological interactions can mediate trophic cascades and provides some additional insights into the trophic dynamics of oyster reefs for further testing under natural conditions.
Dissemination and Cultural Change as an Alternative Business Value Proposition in the Construction Industry: Manni Group Case Study

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

There is a gap of knowledge between practitioners about the off-site construction. For this reason, the Manni Group case study presented in this article highlights the positive role of dissemination as business value proposition support in the context of off-site construction industry. The Manni Group involved opinion leaders, professionals, universities and industrial partners in a network of dissemination that, going beyond the concept of advertising, it generated a multiple effect of value creation between the direct and indirect involved stakeholders. Dissemination emerges as a model of action that creates impacts on cultural change. It is scalable and applicable in many areas where actors have the right competences to manage the dissemination. Wherever there is a knowledge gap or friction towards new techniques and methodologies, the model is able to create value for companies and stakeholders involved in the emerging network.
KTI-RNN: Recognition of Heart Failure from Clinical Notes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Although deep learning methods have recently attracted considerable attention in the medical field, analyzing large-scale electronic health record data is still a difficult task.In particular, the accurate recognition of heart failure is a key technology for doctors to make reasonable treatment decisions.This study uses data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care database.Compared with structured data, unstructured data contain abundant patient information.However, this type of data has unsatisfactory characteristics, e.g., many colloquial vocabularies and sparse content.To solve these problems, we propose the KTI-RNN model for unstructured data recognition.The proposed model overcomes sparse content and obtains good classification results.The term frequency-inverse word frequency (TF-IWF) model is used to extract the keyword set.The latent dirichlet allocation (LDA) model is adopted to extract the topic word set.These models enable the expansion of the medical record text content.Finally, we embed the global attention mechanism and gating mechanism between the bidirectional recurrent neural network (BiRNN) model and the output layer.We call it gated-attention-BiRNN (GA-BiRNN) and use it to identify heart failure from extensive medical texts.Results show that the F 1 score of the proposed KTI-RNN model is 85.57%, and the accuracy rate of the proposed KTI-RNN model is 85.59%.
Self-respect and responsibility: Understanding individuals' entitlement beliefs and their association with concern for others' rights

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

People differ in their understanding of the (civic) rights they are endowed with in modern societies. Whereas a perception of having more rights than others has been linked to over-individualistic attitudes and negative interpersonal behavior, a perception of having the same rights as others (i.e., self-respect) can be assumed to facilitate a balance between concern for one's own and others' rights. In two cross-sectional studies, we showed that self-respect was associated with concern for human rights and with concern for the rights of future generations even when controlling for other entitlement beliefs. The results also showed that a feeling of social responsibility mediated these relationships. The broader consequence for balancing rights and duties to achieve social harmony are discussed.
Francis Robert Lloyd and the celebrated traveller: a British Raj murder mystery.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

In 1854 the Schlagintweit brothers, scientist-explorers from Vienna were invited by the East India company to make a geological survey of the northern parts of the sub-continent. Adolphe Schlagintweit had wanted to cross into Central Asia from India. He had proceeded as far as Kashgar when he was allegedly murdered by a chief of one of the wandering tribes. His decapitated head became a source of intrigue. The paper describes the incident and the subsequent role of Dr F R Lloyd, a dentist from India, in the police investigation that followed. This is the first documented case from India of a legal case making use of forensic odontology.
A Feynman-Kac-type formula for the deterministic and stochastic wave equations and other p.d.e.'s

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We establish a probabilistic representation for a wide class of linear deterministic p.d.e.'s with potential term, including the wave equation in spatial dimensions 1 to 3. Our representation applies to the heat equation, where it is related to the classical Feynman-Kac formula, as well as to the telegraph and beam equations. If the potential is a (random) spatially homogeneous Gaussian noise, then this formula leads to an expression for the moments of the solution.
HiMFP: Hierarchical Intelligent Memory Failure Prediction for Cloud Service Reliability

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In large-scale datacenters, memory failure is one of the leading causes of server crashes, and uncorrectable error (UCE) is the major fault type indicating defects of memory modules. Existing approaches tend to predict UCEs using Correctable Errors (CE). However, bit-level CE information has not been completely discussed in previous works and CEs with error bit patterns are strongly correlated with UCE occurrences. In this paper, we present a novel Hierarchical Intelligent Memory Failure Prediction (HiMFP) framework which can predict UCEs on multiple levels of the memory system and associate with memory recovery techniques. Particularly, we leverage CE addresses on multiple levels of memory, especially bit-level, and construct machine learning models based on spatial and temporal CE information. Results of algorithm evaluation using real-world datasets indicate that HiMFP significantly enhances the prediction performance compared with the baseline algorithm. Overall, Virtual Machines (VM) interruptions caused by UCEs can be reduced by around 45% using HiMFP.
Distribution of -Lactamases A and B in some Groups of Yersinia enterocolitica and their Role in Resistance

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Yersinia enterocolitica W222 (serological group 3) synthesized two different intracellular beta-lactamases, called A and B. Enzyme B was more sensitive than A to inhibition by cloxacillin. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of various beta-lactam antibiotics for strains of Y. enterocolitica of groups 3 and 9 and the effect of cloxacillin on these concentrations suggested differential roles for beta-lactamases of types A anb B in penicillin and cephalosporin resistance. Type B enzymes protected Y. enterocolitica against cephalothin and cephalosporin C, wheras type A enzymes protected very efficiently against carbenicillin. Protection against other beta-lactam antibiotics was exerted by both enzymes. However, while both enzymes readily hydrolysed cephaloridine and showed no crypticity with this substrate, they only conferred a very weak protection against it. This may be because cephaloridine reached its target quickly, before it was degraded. The resistance of strains of Y. enterocolitica from groups I, 2 and I6 was also explicable in terms of a two-enzyme system, whereas strains belonging to group 5b produced only a type B lactamase and were sensitive to carbenicillin.
Reversible Denaturation of Thermophilic Malate Dehydrogenase by Guanidine Hydrochloride and Acid

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Thermophilic malate dehydrogenase [L-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.37] was denatured at pH 2.0 with complete loss of enzyme activity but without dissociation to monomers, suggesting the presence of strong intersubunit contact. On the other hand, the enzyme was completely denatured and dissociated to monomers in the presence of 5 M GdnHCl. Inactivation and denaturation of the enzyme by acid and GdnHCl were reversible. Upon dilution of the denaturants, the inactivated enzyme regained enzyme activity and the native structure with high yield (80-90%). Kinetic analyses of reactivation of the enzyme denatured by GdnHCl and by acid revealed that the reaction obeyed first-order kinetics. The rate constant and Arrhenius activation energy of the reactivation of the acid-inactivated enzyme were almost the same as those of the enzyme inactivated by GdnHCl. These results suggest that the rate-limiting steps in the reactivation processes of the enzyme denatured by GdnHCl and by acid are the same and that a conformational change of the inactive dimer to active dimer is the rate-limiting step in the reactivation reaction.
Experimental spinal cord injury produced by slow, graded compression

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

✓ A new model of experimental spinal cord injury produced by slow, graded compression in cats is described. The extent of cord compression was evaluated by monitoring somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP's). The compression was exerted by means of a special screw-plate assembly with stepwise advancement of the compression plate at different time intervals and was completed when cortical SEP had disappeared. Every stage in the total course of gradual compression was expressed as a percentage of the total. Cortical and spinal SEP's were recorded at each increment. The SEP pattern was analyzed in terms of latency, amplitude, and wave form. It was noteworthy that SEP's were remarkably resistant to gradual compression. The amplitude of cortical SEP's began decreasing at a late stage of compression, usually at about 80% of total compression, and that of spinal SEP's some time earlier, at about 60% of total compression. They both then rapidly fell to zero. Cortical SEP's showed a slight increase in latency concurrent with the reduction of amplitude, while the latency of spinal SEP's was constant. Mid-thoracic SEP's showed considerable individual variation in wave form. Their changes were similar to those of cortical SEP. Thoracolumbar SEP's, recorded immediately rostral to the compression, showed little individual variation, and did not show flat recordings even with maximum compression. A small monophasic positive wave was present in all animals even after the cortical SEP's became flat. This “final potential” was assumed to be caused by electrotonic volume conduction from the activities of the dorsal white matter caudal to the compression site. The reversibility of SEP's after the release of compression was remarkable. Both cortical and spinal SEP's could show complete recovery even when histological examination demonstrated hemorrhagic necrosis. The present data show no linear correlation between SEP changes and degree of compression. There are no changes with slight or moderate degree of compression. Alterations of SEP's in slow compression models should suggest the presence of a severe degree of compression.
Laelia anceps Lindl. (Orchidaceae) adaptation on phorophytes within an anthropized landscape, Amatlán de los Reyes, Veracruz, Mexico

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Objective: To determine the best phorophyte species for the adaptation of the Laelia anceps Lindl orchid. (Orchidaceae) in an anthropized landscape. Design/methodology/approach: A completely randomized experimental design with four treatments (phorophytes) was used: Swietenia macrophylla King., Fraxinus sp., Persea schiedeana Nees. and Tecoma stans. (L.) Juss. ex Kunth), with five repetitions per phorophyte and with three L. anceps orchid plants in each phorophyte. The following variables were measured: day to emergence, root length and thickness, and survival at 28 weeks after tying them in phorophytes. Results: Root emergence of L. anceps occurred in less time in S. macrophylla and in Fraxinus sp. at 52 and 54 days respectively; the longest root length (19.11 cm) and number of roots (32.45) were observed in S. macrophylla. However, the root thickness was greater in Fraxinus sp. (0.28 cm). After 28 weeks of establishing the L. anceps plants; 100% survival was obtained in the phorophytes S. macrophylla and Fraxinus sp., 77% in P. schiedeana and 33% in T. stans. Study limitations/implications: The amount of light received by L. anceps in each phorophyte was not measured. Findings/Conclusions: The best phorophytes for the establishment of L. anceps were S. macrophylla and Fraxinus sp. observed, the best development and strength of the roots and 100% survival at 28 weeks.
Instability, Disruption, Dissonance: A Reading of A Midsummer Night’s Dream

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The paper focuses on the unstable nature of love, the changeability of affection, and the "alarming mobility of desire" in A Midsummer Night's Dream. The play explores moods and passions that have their roots in the subconscious and unconscious. It is unique among the comedies in its presentation of the savagery of men towards women and the verbal violence and threat of physical violence of women towards each other. The disruption and dissonance that mark the play throughout, together with the issues that remain unresolved at the conclusion, make this one of the most disturbing of Shakespeare's plays.
Data from Targeted Deep Sequencing of Bladder Tumors Reveals Novel Associations between Cancer Gene Mutations and Mutational Signatures with Major Risk Factors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>AbstractPurpose:<p>Exome- and whole-genome sequencing of muscle-invasive bladder cancer has revealed important insights into the molecular landscape; however, there are few studies of non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer with detailed risk factor information.</p>Experimental Design:<p>We examined the relationship between smoking and other bladder cancer risk factors and somatic mutations and mutational signatures in bladder tumors. Targeted sequencing of frequently mutated genes in bladder cancer was conducted in 322 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded bladder tumors from a population-based case–control study. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), evaluating mutations and risk factors. We used SignatureEstimation to extract four known single base substitution mutational signatures and Poisson regression to calculate risk ratios (RR) and 95% CIs, evaluating signatures and risk factors.</p>Results:<p>Non-silent <i>KDM6A</i> mutations were more common in females than males (OR = 1.83; 95% CI, 1.05–3.19). There was striking heterogeneity in the relationship between smoking status and established single base substitution signatures: current smoking status was associated with greater <i>ERCC2-</i>Signature mutations compared with former (<i>P</i> = 0.024) and never smoking (RR = 1.40; 95% CI, 1.09–1.80; <i>P</i> = 0.008), former smoking was associated with greater APOBEC-Signature13 mutations (<i>P</i> = 0.05), and never smoking was associated with greater APOBEC-Signature2 mutations (RR = 1.54; 95% CI, 1.17–2.01; <i>P</i> = 0.002). There was evidence that smoking duration (the component most strongly associated with bladder cancer risk) was associated with <i>ERCC2-</i>Signature mutations and APOBEC-Signature13 mutations among current (<i>P</i><sub>trend</sub> = 0.005) and former smokers (<i>P</i> = 0.0004), respectively.</p>Conclusions:<p>These data quantify the contribution of bladder cancer risk factors to mutational burden and suggest different signature enrichments among never, former, and current smokers.</p></div>
Managerial efficiency under risk for broiler producers in Saudi Arabia

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Managerial efficiency for broiler producers in Saudi Arabia is generally difficult to achieve. High investment costs coupled with relatively high average production costs and the consequent incompetent market prices, have resulted in projects either working at less than full capacity or being shut down completely. The aim here is to determine the most efficient production alternatives (actions) available to managers under business risk considerations. The ordinary stochastic dominance approach was used to solicit the most efficient production alternatives for broiler producing projects of all sizes in the Central Region of Saudi Arabia. For small- and medium-sized projects, the efficient production alternatives concentrated on marketing risk. For large projects, the efficient actions concentrated on both marketing and production risks. For the three sizes of projects, the two production alternatives that proved to be the most efficient, were the one that contains creating more marketing strategies and the one that adopts good veterinary care systems. On the other hand, the production alternative that deals with selecting good breeds of chicks appeared to be most efficient for small and large projects only. © 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Analysis of a three-phase AC chopper with high power factor for the use in “PV-to-Heat” applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

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