jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Phenomenology, Epidemiology and Aetiology of Postpartum Psychosis: A Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Postpartum psychoses are a severe form of postnatal mood disorders, affecting 1–2 in every 1000 deliveries. These episodes typically present as acute mania or depression with psychosis within the first few weeks of childbirth, which, as life-threatening psychiatric emergencies, can have a significant adverse impact on the mother, baby and wider family. The nosological status of postpartum psychosis remains contentious; however, evidence indicates most episodes to be manifestations of bipolar disorder and a vulnerability to a puerperal trigger. While childbirth appears to be a potent trigger of severe mood disorders, the precise mechanisms by which postpartum psychosis occurs are poorly understood. This review examines the current evidence with respect to potential aetiology and childbirth-related triggers of postpartum psychosis. Findings to date have implicated neurobiological factors, such as hormones, immunological dysregulation, circadian rhythm disruption and genetics, to be important in the pathogenesis of this disorder. Prediction models, informed by prospective cohort studies of high-risk women, are required to identify those at greatest risk of postpartum psychosis.
Hemangioblastoma of the cerebellum--an immunocytochemical study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Immunocytochemical studies using a new antibody against endothelial cells and commercially available antibodies against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S-100 protein were performed on 10 cerebellar hemangioblastomas in order to clarify the controversy over the origin of stromal cells. Neither cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for endothelial cell markers nor for anti-GFAP and anti-S-100 protein was found in these cells. Endothelial cell markers reacted positively only with neoplastic capillaries of the tumors and anti-GFAP and anti-S-100 protein were only found in glial remainders in the centers and margins of the tumors.
The role of the clinical microbiology laboratory in improving antimicrobial stewardship: systematic review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: To improve antimicrobial utilization, development and implementation of microbiology laboratories(ML)interventions and practices in antimicrobial stewardship programs has been recommended. The primary objective of this review was to characterize role of microbiology laboratories in the antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) and to identify interventions that improve patient outcomes or process of care and/or reduce consequences of antimicrobial use. Methods: This study was completed as a systematic review. The following PubMed database was searched from January, 2021 through March, 2022. Randomized controlled trials, nonrandomized controlled trials, controlled and uncontrolled before-and-after studies, interrupted time series studies, and repeated-measures studies evaluating ML interventions in the AMS were included in the review. Studies published in languages other than English were excluded. Results: A total of 20 studies meeting inclusion criteria were identified from our search. Speeding up the laboratory workup of samples; rapidly searching for certain pathogens; rapid reporting of positive and negative test results and rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Impact of interventions showed variable results. Where identified, benefits of AMS interventions primarily included improvement in delivery of care or a decrease in antimicrobial utilization. Conclusions: implementing the ML interventions to improve the AMS and patient care by increasing the use of different laboratory tests that include rapidly isolate, identifying and tailoring therapy in response to culture results.
Epidemiological assessment and outbreak report of Trypanosoma vivax in dairy cattle from the Brazilian Semiarid region

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and identify risk factors associated with Trypanosoma vivax infection in dairy cattle herds in the Brazilian Semiarid region, as well as report an outbreak of trypanosomiasis. A total of 390 cattle blood samples were collected from 61 farms in the states of Ceará e Paraíba, and a conventional PCR was performed for the diagnosis of T. vivax . Positive samples were bidirectionally sequenced. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied on each farm, and the resulting data were subjected to univariate and multivariate analyses to identify potential risk factors. An outbreak was detected in the municipality of Orós, Ceará, where cases of abortion and estrus repetition were reported among cows. Of the 390 samples analyzed, 1.02% (4/390) tested positive for T. vivax . No statistically significant risk factors were identified. All positive samples originated from the farm in Orós, where 80% (4/5) of the tested animals were infected. Similarity analysis using BLAST revealed 100% identity with T. vivax isolates previously reported in donkeys, sheep, and cattle from the Brazilian semi-arid region, and high similarity with isolates from South American countries and West Africa. In the phylogenetic analysis, sequences TviBrCe13 and TviBrCe14 clustered with isolates from the Brazilian Semiarid region, as well as with South American and West African strains. It was concluded that the prevalence of T. vivax in the Brazilian Semiarid region is low, although the area remains susceptible to outbreak events.
Study on Health and Physical Fitness for Office Workers in Hong Kong: Phase II

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract in English only.The study consisted of two phases: Phase I was designed to investigate the health and physical fitness status of office workers and phase II was conducted to examine the training effects of a circuit training program on health and physical fitness of the workers. In phase II，100 subjects (50 males & 50 females), randomly selected from the participants (112 males & 59 females, aged 30-49) of phase I, were randomly assigned to experimental groups and control groups (25 subjects per group). Subjects in experimental group received a 8-week, 2 times a week with 1 hour per session circuit training program while subjects in control group were not receiving any physical training. The ANCOVA analyses revealed that subjects in both gender of the experimental groups had significant (p < .05) improvement on the health and fitness indices which included grip strength, abdominal muscular strength and endurance, trunk flexibility, cardiorespiratory endurance, resting heart rate, and forced vital capacity. Body fat and stress levels (Pace of Life Index) were also significantly (p < . 05 ) reduced for both sexes after the 8-week circuit training. However, there were no training effects on general health concerns (General Well-Being Scale), cholesterol levels, and blood pressure in this study. As the related research indicated that workers with higher levels of physical fitness would have higher working ability and productivity, it was suggested that local office workers should give priority to regular physical activity. Circuit training, which consists of aerobic exercises, calisthenics, stretching, and muscular training in a workout period, is time saving and highly desirable for local office workers to promote their health and fitness.
A single mode cylindrical microwave cavity for heating applications of liquid material

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents design and implementation of a single mode cylindrical microwave cavity for microwave processing of continuously flowing liquids material. The proposed applicator was designed and fabricated to operate in TM 010 mode at 2.45 GHz which is in Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) frequency bands. A rectangular waveguide was designed to transfer the electromagnetic energy generated from magnetron to heat the liquid sample flowing in the center of the applicator through a quartz tube. Measurement results show low refection coefficient and high heating efficiency for various liquids under test compared with domestic microwave oven.
The dynamics of exploring future market potential of genetically modified foods

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to express a general review on how best in the present time can one market genetically modified (GM) foods in the face of the controversial arguments faced globally. Despite the importance of marketing, many organizations though they understand its worth, fail to find radical strategic solutions for the problems encountered by their products. In fact most of them find that disclosing GM ingredients will prohibit consumers from buying their products, whilst, the few GM foods that were proactively marketed indicated the potential of effective marketing and successful product placement. Design/methodology/approach To be able to market GM foods, an understanding of customer value and problems customers envisage is discussed. The paper attempts to provide a general global perspective on consumer’s views about these issues and with the help of a conceptual model it attempts to identify some of the problems related with marketing GM foods. Findings The findings indicate that these products would have to be repositioned as being seen as less risky and more beneficial to consumers in the light that they can be scientifically proven. Originality/value This research is innovative in the sense it demonstrates an understanding of how to provide customer value for not only consumers who are the ultimate end users but also provides an insight to a broader audience such as manufacturers, agriculturalists and marketing professionals as to what are some of the contributing factors that consumers look for to make an informed choice.
The large N theory exactly reveals the quantum Hall effect and theta-renormalization

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We revisit the $θ$ dependence in $CP^{N-1}$ model with large $N$. We study the consequences of a recently discovered new ingredient of the instanton vacuum, i.e. the massless chiral edge excitations. Contrary to the previous believes, our results demonstrate that the large $N$ expansion displays all the fundamental features of the quantum Hall effect. This includes the {\em robust} quantization of the Hall conductance, as well as the appearance of massless bulk excitations at $θ= π$. We conclude that the quantum Hall effect is a generic feature of the instanton vacuum, i.e. for any number of field components and not just for the theory in the replica limit alone.
Data from: Functional dissimilarity, not phylogenetic relatedness, determines interspecific interactions among plants in the Tibetan alpine meadows

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The hypotheses suggesting that the nature and strength of species interactions should be determined by phylogenetic relatedness have important implications for the understanding of community structure. However, to date, there is limited empirical evidence to support them. At least two basic conditions need to be met in order to expect species interactions to be determined by evolutionary relatedness: a phylogenetic signal in the traits involved in the interactions and changes in the interactions as species are more ecologically similar. Here, we report results of a removal experiment in the Chinese Tibetan plateau in which we directly assessed if the nature and/or strength of interactions among twelve alpine meadow plant species were influenced by their phylogenetic relatedness and/or their functional dissimilarity. For each plant species, we compared its biomass production when grown alone to its biomass in presence of another species and used it as a measure of species interactions. Competition between pairs of species was more frequent than facilitation, with 60% of interactions resulting in plants producing less biomass when a second species was present. We found no effect of phylogenetic relatedness on the prevalence or intensity of competition or facilitation, presumably as none of the studied traits showed phylogenetic signal. Functional dissimilarity based on maximum plant height alone was the best predictor of both the prevalence and strength of competition and facilitation, followed by functional dissimilarity using all five functional traits. Our results pinpoint the limited capacity of phylogenetic relatedness as predictor of species interactions; underlining the limitations of using phylogenetic dispersion patterns to infer mechanisms of community assembly. On the contrary, when the right functional traits are used, functional dissimilarity among species can predict both the nature and strength of their interactions; accentuating the relevance of trait-based approaches in community ecology research.
In-situ and Co-pyrolysis of Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber for Hydrocarbon Production

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Significant amount of empty oil palm bunches are produced annually in Nigeria that mostly going to waste or as animal feed. This study explores the feasibility of transforming these bunches into hydrocarbons via pyrolysis process. The MoO3 and NiO catalyst materials facilitated the catalytic pyrolysis resulting in favourable properties of EFB fibre pyrolysis products suitable for various applications. Valuable compounds were identified through GC-MS analysis of pyrolysis oils. In-situ catalytic pyrolysis with MoO3 and NiO catalysts favored acidic compounds, and produced combustible (CH4) and non-combustible (CO2) gases. Co-pyrolysis of Low-Density Polyethylene and the fiber generated high olefins and paraffin production, along with a significant 40% methane gas yield in both processes. The study highlights the conversion potential of agricultural waste into valuable hydrocarbons, emphasizing the crucial role of catalysts with selectivity for acidic compounds and achieving high olefin, paraffin, and up to 40% methane gas yields in both co-pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis process.
Variations in coat protein sequence of Wheat streak mosaic virus among crop and non-crop hosts

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) has become a re-emerging pathogen in recent years in the Czech Republic. Crop (e.g. wheat, barley, maize) and non-crop grasses from the Poaceae family are the natural hosts of the virus. Here, we report the results from coat protein (CP) gene-sequence analysis of WSMV isolates from wheat crops (four cultivars: Turondot, Bodycek, Avenue, Hymack) and three grass species (Agropyron repens, Phleum pratense, Poa pratensis). Phylogenetic reconstruction of putative CP sequences showed that all tested isolates clustered with existing type B isolates of WSMV (originating from Europe and Asia) rather than type D (originating from USA, Argentina, Australia, and Iran) and type A (originating from Mexico) isolates. Analysis of recombination events showed that Turondot and Hymack isolates recombined with P. pratense, whereas Bodycek and Avenue isolates recombined with a type B isolate (Iran_Saadat-Shahr). The grasses A. repens, P. pratense and P. pratensis share recombination events with type A (Mexico_El Batán), type B (French and German isolates) and type D (Iran_Naghadeh) isolates. The characteristic GCA (Gly276) triplet codon found in type B isolates was conserved in both the wheat and grass isolates. Notably, nucleotide variations were mainly observed at positions nt 381–389, nt 405–460 and nt 486–497 between crop and non-crop hosts. Based on our analysis, we propose that the grass isolates form subtype B1 within the type B isolates of WSMV. Putative CP amino acid sequences in the centre of the protein and in the C-terminal domain (aa 112–260) were significantly more frequently conserved in both wheat and grasses than those in the N-terminal domain (aa 11–80). Collectively, these results indicate that variations exist between crop and non-crop hosts of WSMV.
Evaluation of Repellency of Plant-Derived Insecticide against Brinjal and Pepper Pest Populations

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study was carried out on the Evaluation of repellency of plant-derived insecticide against brinjal and pepper pest populations. Two crops brinjal and pepper were sown separately and sprayed with Neem Seed Extract against whitefly, jassid, aphid, borer and predators. The population was significantly higher 3.70 whitefly/ leaf on brinjal variety F1-advanta-305 as compared to PPL 3.10/ leaf and Black long 3.31/ leaf respectively recorded on 20th January. Similarly, the population was relatively higher was 2.86, 2.72 and 2.44 jassid/ leaf on F1-advanta-305, PPL and Black long varieties respectively on 25th January. Aphid population was slightly higher 2.79, 2.39 and 2.26/ leaf on Black long, F1-advanta-305 and PPL varieties respectively. Likewise, the predator population was higher 2.26, 1.99 and 1.94/ plant on brinjal varieties of F1-advanta-305, Black long and PLL respectively on 4th February. The population was significantly higher 6.33, 5.28 and 4.8 whiteflies/ leaf on Talhari, Moro chilly and Mirch shehzadi respectively on pepper varieties on 25th January. Similarly, the jassid population was relatively higher 1.89, 1.83 and 1.79/ leaf on Moro chilly, Talhari and Mirch shehzadi respectively on 19th February. The population was higher 3.24, 3.04 and 2.58 aphids/ leaf on Talhari, Moro chilly and Mirch shezadi varieties respectively on 25th January. The predators’ population was higher 1.61, 1.53 and 1.33/ plant on Moro chilly, Talhari and Mirch shezadi varieties respectively on 9th February. Since pest population increased beyond ETL on 25th January. Therefore 2% neem seed extract was applied. These applications kept the pest population below ETL.
Peran Deklarasi Universal Hak Asasi Manusia Dalam Mencegah Dan Menanggulangi Perbudakan Terhadap Perempuan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\nThis journal discusses the role of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in preventing and overcoming slavery against women. Slavery of women is a serious problem that violates human rights and affects the lives of millions of women around the world. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights provides an important legal and moral basis for the fight against slavery. The first objective of this research is to explain the concept of slavery and find out the parameters of slavery to women based on the universal declaration of human rights. The second objective of this research is to find out the prevention and control of slavery against women. This research is a type of normative juridical research. The problem studied is anti-slavery in the perspective of international law.\n\n\t\t\t\nThis study describes the impact of the declaration in the context of preventing slavery against women. First, this declaration recognizes women&#39;s human rights and affirms gender equality, providing a legal basis to combat slavery associated with gender inequality. Second, this declaration raises global awareness about slavery against women, mobilizes support and action against this practice.\n\n\t\t\t\nThis study concludes that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights plays an important role in preventing and overcoming slavery against women. By providing awareness and education, the basis of national law and international law, emphasis on gender equality, protection against sexual exploitation, international cooperation, and international sanctions.\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\n
Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Blood-Brain Barrier and Its Characteristics in Brain Tumors

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The inner milieu of the central nervous system (CNS) is closely regulated by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). By its unique properties, the BBB restricts the entrance of blood-borne large and hydrophilic compounds into the brain, but also tightly controls cellular entry and the supply of nutrients to the brain. In this chapter, we will address the latest advances in both the cellular and molecular biology of this specialized structure, and discuss its functional characteristics and molecular organization in glioma.
The Application of Optical Coherence Tomography in the Diagnosis of Marssonina Blotch in Apple Leaves

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this study we investigate the use of 2D and 3D scanning optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology for use in apple blotch diagnosis. In order to test the possible application of OCT as a detection tool for apple trees affected by Marssonina coronaria, we conducted several experiments and compared the results from both healthy and infected leaves. Using OCT, we found several distinctive features in the subsurface boundary regions of both the diseased and healthy leaves. Our results indicate that leaves from diseased trees, while still appearing healthy, can be affected by M. coronaria. The A-scan analysis method confirmed that the boundaries found under the subsurface layers can be faint. This shows that M. coronaria can exert its influence on entire apple trees (as opposed to only on leaves with lesions) once it infects healthy trees. Our results indicate that OCT can be used as a noninvasive tool for the diagnosis of fungal disease in apple trees. Microscopic imaging results, performed as a histological study for comparison, correlated well with the OCT results.
Retributivism II: Resentment, Guilt, and Censure

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The recent revival of retributive theory has been led by Michael Moore's claim that retributivism has moral worth, and by communicative and expressive theories of punishment that emphasize guilt and censure. It is argued that retributivism captures an important truth about punishment's backward‐looking nature, but that no retributive theory can adequately answer the question of by what right some people punish others.
Damage detection and identification using smart transducers for pipes and cylindrical shell

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Structural Health Monitoring is extremely important over the years especially for hollow cylindrical structures. The reason for this phenomenon is that nowadays the pipeline system has been widely used in many industries, for instance, energy industry. The whole world is heavily dependent on the advanced pipeline system to transport and distribute the energy resources. Unfortunately there are many accidents happened in the past due to the failure of pipeline system. As a result, thousands of people died and lots of properties were damaged. The lesson can be learnt is that a sound Structural Health Monitoring system is essential to prevent catastrophic structural failures happen again.
Aggregating rods: applications to angiogenesis

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from splitting or sprouting of pre-existing ones, is a fundamental mechanism for many processes in normal physiology (wound healing) as well as in disease (tumor growth and metastasis). During the first stages of angiogenesis, the cells organize into vascular networks; we would like to undestand how individual behavior of the cells affects their collective motion during this phenomenon. We present and discuss a numerical model that reproduces the formation of such structures; we then proceed to propose a mathematical framework in which our model could be further analyzed.