jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Stability of tillians and impact on the road network: case of the outside basin of Ouergha (Morocco)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The study concerns the cartography of the spatio-temporal evolution of the embankments of the road network of the Oued Ouergha watershed using data from the Landsat images on the one hand, and the modeling of soil stability processes. On the other hand. This region experiences an intense destabilization linked to the combination of several natural factors, such as the brutality and the abundance of the precipitations and the outcrop on the marls and limestones of Cretaceous. Human intervention in this vulnerable environment accentuates its fragility through the clearing and degradation of vegetation cover. The analysis of satellite data has shown that the most degraded soils are not necessarily those with the highest rate of erosion over the past fifteen years and that some well-developed soils are unstable areas after clearing and their non-rational exploitation. Human intervention and the choice of road routes sometimes, combined with climate change, remain the most important factors in weakening and increasing the vulnerability of the slopes. The results obtained made it possible to identify and monitor vulnerable zones at the Ouergha watershed scale, where interventions are needed to limit the processes of slope degradation and their impact on the various road access routes in the region.
Cabbages and Kings: Research Directions in Integrated/ Interdisciplinary Curriculum

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this essay I examine past research into integrated or interdisciplinary studies and explore future directions for researchers. Four questions form the focus of the essay: Why integrate curriculum? What constitutes integrated studies? Who benefits from curricular integration? and What pedagogical changes accompany integrated studies? Citing the values questions raised by curricular integration, I predict an unstable future for interdisciplinary studies. The essay calls for a research agenda that moves beyond traditional process/product investigations to include the meanings of teachers, students, and others participating in integrated studies.
Quantifying seasonal, depression focused recharge in the context of public supply well vulnerability

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Depression focused recharge (DFR) may be a hydrologically important process that impacts the vulnerability of public supply wells, specifically related to pathogenic contaminants. The nature of DFR in glacial moraine environments, such as those located in northern latitudes within North America and Europe, is less well established than in other regions such as the Prairie Pothole Region (Northern United States, Western Canada) and the High Plains Aquifer (Central United States). The objectives of this study were to quantify seasonal infiltration flux beneath a topographically‐closed depression within 50 m of a public supply well and to interpret the impact of this DFR process on well vulnerability. Field instruments including groundwater monitoring wells, pressure transducers, soil moisture sensors and temperature sensors were installed in vertical clusters to capture the dynamics of infiltration, drainage and recharge within the depression feature. Continuous weather data were recorded by a meteorological station at the site. Transient infiltration was quantified during two contrasting hydrological events. The first event (~2 days) was an intense rainfall (>50 mm) on a melting snowpack during the fall season when the soils were unfrozen. The second was a longer (35 day) period during the spring freshet when the surficial soils were initially frozen and subject to diurnal freezing and thawing and occasional precipitation events. The water table fluctuation method augmented by Darcy flux contributions, in addition to numerical modelling using the HYDRUS‐1D model, were used to quantify recharge rates beneath the depression. Numerical DFR estimates and analytical results differed by ±8%. Results indicate that recharge rates on the order of the annual regional average can occur beneath localized features in response to extreme events associated with snowmelt and intense rainfall. Such events may represent a microbial threat to groundwater quality if public supply wells are located nearby.
Ashton, Thomas Sutcliffe (1889–1968)

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

T.S. Ashton was born in Lancashire in 1889, graduated from Manchester University in 1909 and returned there in 1921 (after some years at the Universities of Sheffield and Birmingham) to teach political economy and economic history in the Faculty of Commerce. By the time he took up Eileen Power's chair of economic history at the London School of Economics in 1944, he had made a substantive and distinctive contribution to the history of the industrial revolution in three research monographs: Iron and Steel and in the Industrial Revolution (1924), The Coal Industry of the Eighteenth Century (1929, written with Joseph Sykes), and An Eighteenth Century Industrialist: Peter Stubs of Warrington (1939). Over the next decade this unassuming, humane, passionately non-dogmatic scholar had become the leader of a new generation of economic historians, a generation whose members had been schooled in the theories and analytical techniques of economics rather than in the thinking habits of a history faculty.
Stereotaxic amygdalotomy and basofrontal tractotomy in psychotics with aggressive behaviour

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Twelve patients with personality disorders or chronic schizophrenia in whom aggressive-destructive behaviour was a prominent feature were treated by bilateral stereotaxic electrocoagulation of the amygdala. In two of the patients a cingulectomy and in five of the patients a frontal lobotomy had been performed several years previously without effect. In 11 of the patients the amygdalotomy resulted in disappearance of, or marked reduction in, their aggressive episodes. In two patients with frequent self-mutilations and reactive psychotic episodes these symptoms disappeared after an additional basofrontal tractotomy by Knight's method.
Review on Heavy Metal Removal and Efficacy of Biosorbents

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

: Industries release a significant amount of wastewater contaminated with heavy metals. It is a major cause of pollution and a potential health hazard when discharged into the environment without treatment. Standard adsorbents for removing heavy metals have certain limitations, like incomplete metal removal, high energy requirements, and undesirable waste generation. Therefore, the use of biosorbents is an effective alternative to conventional procedures. This critical review evaluates and summarizes the optimum results obtained from different papers covering different parameters such as biosorbent removal efficiency and their adsorption capacity, adsorbent dosage, and effect of pretreatment for removal of single and combination of heavy metals. The influence of pH, contact time, and sorbent dose on biosorption has been discussed. The Langmuir model and the Freundlich model are studied for various biosorbents, and the respective results are obtained and summarised. The pseudo-first and second-order models have been evaluated to study the sorption kinetics. Through this review, it can be concluded that biosorbents can be a promising alternative to treat industrial effluents, mainly because of their high metal binding capacity, low cost, high efficiency in diluted effluents, and environmentally friendly nature.
Achieving sustainability through energy efficiency while assuring indoor environmental quality

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Sustainability in the Building sector is nowadays a major concern. Taking in consideration that in the EU buildings account for about 40% of the total energy consumption (35% in Portugal), the EU Directive 2002/91/EU on Energy Efficiency in Buildings (EPBD), recently reinforced with the "EPBD-recast", imposes an increasingly stronger control of the energy consumption in this sector while maintaining, or even improving, their indoor environmental quality (IEQ). But, as buildings are complex systems, where all aspects are interconnected and influence each other, not always in a favourable way, an integrated and comprehensive approach to the buildings design, that enhance indoor health and comfort besides the energy savings, should be followed. In this work it is presented a multi-criteria analysis, suitable for the design phase that balances all these aspects, with the potential of becoming a valuable tool to assist the designer in the most appropriate selection of design alternatives, construction solutions and materials.
Quality of Life and Use of Health Care among People with Genital Herpes in France

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In order to assess psychological morbidity in France related to genital herpes infection, we carried out a transversal study comparing infected patients with a control group. A total of 236 patients with genital herpes were first identified by means of a postal survey, then matched against a witness group of 236 noninfected persons. Detailed questionnaires were sent out to each person in the 2 groups. A total of 150 herpes patients and 200 non-infected persons answered the questionnaire, which enabled us to measure the incidence of the disease by means of 2 indicators: a herpes-specific scale and the SF-36 quality of life questionnaire. Emotional trauma due to genital herpes was reported amongst 23% of the participants. Of the participants, 57% indicated that herpes interfered with their sexual relationships; 50% felt it difficult to live with genital herpes; and 37% felt that herpes ruins their lives. An analysis assessing health-related quality of life indicated significant differences between the scores of the 2 groups and showed that quality of life is lower amongst herpes patients. Respondents with genital herpes required more frequent consultations with GPs (81% vs. 73%), and significantly more frequent consultations with specialists (59% vs. 45%). Our study confirms that substantial psychological morbidity exists in patients with genital herpes.
Peran Rumah Sakit dalam Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Infeksi di Rumah Sakit

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study aims to determine the role of hospitals in preventing and controlling infections at Royal Prima Indonesia Hospital. The research method uses a cross-sectional study. The study results showed that the chi-square statistical test analysis of the role of hospitals in preventing and controlling infections at Royal Prima Medan Hospital showed a p-value = 0.283, which means the p-value> 0.05. In conclusion, there is no relationship between the hospital's role and the PPI team's compliance in preventing and controlling infections. Suggestions should be made so the hospital can provide ongoing training and education to improve compliance with standard precautions every three months. Keywords: Role of Hospitals, Prevention and Control of Infection
Effect of Sc and Yb doping on electrical and luminescence properties of silicon produced by the Stockbarger method

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The effect of scandium and ytterbium doping on the electrical and luminescence properties of polycrystalline silicon produced by the Stockbarger method was studied. It is found that the resistivity, the lifetime of minority charge carriers, and the position of the maximum of the low-temperature luminescence band, which are constant along the growth direction for undoped ingots, vary monotonically along the growth direction for doped ingots. Analysis of the photoluminescence spectra and conductivity in different parts of the doped ingots shows that variations in their electrical properties along the growth direction are due to a redistribution of background acceptors, whose concentration decreases steadily from the beginning of an ingot toward its end. The redistribution of the background impurities is related to the formation of background-impurity-doping impurity compounds, for which the distribution coefficients significantly deviate from unity in a silicon melt.
Radial Artery Pseudoaneurysm Following Transradial Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cardiac catheterization is performed for both therapeutic and diagnostic reasons. Like any invasive procedure, cardiac catheterization is associated with complications; hence, the decision to undertake the procedure should be based on the risks and benefits. In terms of vascular problems, the radial artery approach to cardiac catheterization is preferable to femoral artery access. Rare cases of radial artery pseudoaneurysms (PSAs) have been documented. The incidence of radial PSAs, a recognized complication of radial access, has been gradually rising due to the increasing number of radial procedures in cardiology. We report a case of a 67-year-old female who had a large radial PSA following transradial (TR) coronary angioplasty with stenting. She was managed conservatively with TR band application, intermittent manual compression, and dressing.
Fast sweeping reflectometry upgrade on Tore Supra

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In order to study the temporal dynamics of turbulence, the sweep time of our reflectometry has been shortened from 20 to 2 μs with 1 μs dead time. Detailed technical aspects of the upgrade are given, namely, about the stability of the ramp generation, the detection setup, and the fast acquisition module. A review of studies (velocity measurement of the turbulence, modifications of the wavenumber spectrum, radial mapping of correlation time, etc.) offered by such improvements is presented.
International Conference on Mobile Ubiquitous Computing, Systems, Services and Technologies - TOC

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Mobile network operators aims are offering new services to be competitive in the telecommunications market. However, the migration cost towards the third generation (3G) network is so high. This paper presents a proposal to offer a next generation services platform based on session initiation protocol (SIP). This solution is easy to implement and its cost is relatively low. Our solution takes into account the IP multimedia subssytem (IMS) service architecture specification proposed by the third generation partnership project (3GPP) providing ubiquitous characteristics for mobile users. In this way, our proposal becomes as a tool to allow an easy transition from 2.5 to 3rd generation networks.
Research on workflow of virtual organization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The organization model of virtual organization (VO) and the relationships with organization model of the participant organizations are analyzed. Then based on the interaction message chart (IMC), the workflow of VO integrating the workflows of participant organizations is presented, and its validity is researched. Finally, the workflow architecture of VO is proposed and the experiments and applications are introduced. The workflow of VO is easily implemented on the existing workflows of participant organizations using the method and architecture, and has the advantages of agility and scalability. The workflow of VO can strongly support the applications with the characteristics of VO such as cooperative design, e-commerce and grid computing and improve their efficiency.
Assessing value-added in the first year of schooling: Some results and methodological considerations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article reports data from children aged about 5 years in their 1st year of schooling. Scores on tests of both literacy and numeracy at the start and end of the year were used to derive value-added measures of progress using both residual gain analysis and multilevel (ML) modelling. Results indicated that the school was more effective in explaining pupil progress than the class; that the schools and/or classes which add the greatest value in literacy tended also to be those which added the greatest value in numeracy; and that the numbers of classes and schools which were significantly different from the sample mean depended greatly on which method was used. It is concluded that while ML modelling is preferable to residual gain analysis for research, it may not be as suitable for feedback purposes. Acknowledgements The author would like to acknowledge the assistance and advice provided by officials at the City of Edinburgh Council, Dr L. Croxford of the University of Edinburgh, and the referees. The content of this article, however, is wholly the author's responsibility.
How the biblical books were written

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract ‘How the biblical books were written’ looks at some of the processes of tradition and composition that led to the final form of the biblical books as we know them today. Throughout the period of the composition of the Bible, orality and literacy are closely interrelated. Yet, even though the writings of the Bible have deep roots in an oral culture and tradition, they are also clearly literary works. The writers and compilers of the Bible used a variety of literary forms in which to cast their works. Within the tradition of biblical writing and compilation, such literary forms became influential and constrained and enabled the way in which the books were written
Miniaturized digital camera system for disposable endoscopic applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A miniaturized color camera module for disposable endoscopic applications and minimally invasive surgery has been designed and developed. The module consists of a CMOS sensor, miniaturized optics, a LED-based illuminator and a connector on a single substrate. The compact size (5.0*8.2*7.0 mm3), high-efficiency illumination, VGA resolution and good image quality allow it to be used in endoluminal procedures. A demonstration system has been built and in-vivo tested. The module is connected through a 1m-long cable to a receiver board, which transfers the data stream to a PC. Dedicated software code controls the hardware settings and displays the image, after having performed various color and image processing tasks.
On the Relationship of Arousals and Artifacts in Respiratory Effort Signals

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Arousals are vital and thus very important for healthy sleep. Physiologically they manifest in cardiorespiratory signals or body movements. Generally, the acquisition of such signals is much easier than with the standard electroencephalogram (EEG). In this work we visually analyzed respiratory effort (RE) signals acquired with a respiratory induction plethysmography sensor (RIP) during whole-night polysomnography (including sleep stage and arousal annotations done with EEG) and annotated the artifacts. Artifacts are present when a change or distortion of the respiratory signal occurs. In total, the data from 15 subjects were acquired in two different sleep laboratories. The performance of detecting arousals only with the use of artifacts was evaluated. Since arousal and artifact sections are not always aligned in time, arousals have been widened by detection windows of 15 s and 30 s around it. If one artifact is present within this window the arousal was marked as detected. Median detection rates using this new approach of 69.81%, 77.36%and 83.02% were achieved for the original arousals on 15 s and 30 s window expansion, respectively. It is shown that in average 40.7% of the artifacts belong to the wake state, reducing the capability of detecting arousals that occur by definition only during sleep. During sleep, much more artifacts than arousals are present in the rapid eye movement (REM) stage, which is related to the fact that respiration is much more irregular during REM than during non-REM sleep and thus leading to increased artifacts.
Corruption and Productivity: Firm-level Evidence

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Summary Using enterprise data for the economies of Central and Eastern Europe and the CIS, this study examines the effects of corruption on productivity. Corruption is narrowly defined as the occurrence of informal payments to government officials to ease the day-to-day operation of firms. The effects of this “bribe tax” on productivity are compared to the consequences of red tape, which may be understood as imposing a “time tax” on firms. When testing effects in the full sample, only the bribe tax appears to have a negative impact on firm-level productivity, while the effect of the time tax is insignificant. We also find that the surrounding environment influences the way in which firm behaviour affects firm performance. In particular, in countries where corruption is more prevalent and the legal framework is weaker, bribery is more harmful for firm-level productivity.
Aquaculture development in Singapore

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aquaculture production in Singapore is mainly from Seafarming and is about 2% of total fish consumed. At present, there are 79 licensed floating fish farms located in the East and West Johor Straits that culture popular species like sea bass (Lates calcarifer) and estuarine grouper (Epinephelus tauvina). Aquaculture development is geared towards the establishment of highly intensive fish farms such as land-based systems in agrotechnology parks, smaller brackishwater pond systems, and large-scale floating systems in designated sea areas. Research and development on improvement of farming techniques are on-going.Freshwater aquaculture is focused on ornamental fish production. This is a high value trade with yearly growth of 11 % in 1986-1990. Development of intensive farming systems, improvements in water quality management, disease control, and quarantine are considered important. Research concentrates on breeding and genetics.
Tributes to the Past, Present, and Future: Confederate Memorialization in Virginia, 1914-1919

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Between 1914 and 1919, elite white people erected monuments across Virginia, permanently transforming the landscape of their communities with memorials to the Confederacy. Why did these Confederate memorialists continue to build monuments to a conflict their side had lost half a century earlier? This thesis examines this question to extend the study of the Lost Cause past the traditional stopping date of the Civil War semicentennial in 1915 and to add to the study of memorialization as a historical process. Studying the design and language of monuments as well as dedication orations and newspaper coverage of unveiling ceremonies, this thesis focuses on Virginia's Confederate memorials to provide a case study for the whole South.\n\nMemorialization is always an act of the present as much as an honoring of the past. Elite white Virginians built memorials to speak to their contemporaries at the same time they claimed to speak for them. Memorialists turned to the Confederacy for support in an effort to maintain their status at the top of post-Reconstruction Southern society. Confederate monuments served as permanent physical role models, continuing sectional reconciliation, encouraging women to maintain prescribed gender roles, and discouraging African Americans from standing up for their rights. American involvement in World War I exacerbated societal changes that threatened the position of the traditional white ruling class. As proponents of the Lost Cause squared off against the transformations of the Progressive era, Virginia's Confederate memorialists imbued monuments throughout the Commonwealth with messages meant to ensure their continued dominance.