jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Administrative-Legal Support of Business Entities: New Quarantine Realities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Covid-19 coronavirus pandemic has affected the world. The government is stepping up quarantine measures in its countries for the second time. Strict quarantine is beginning to be introduced in more and more countries around the world. Quarantine restrictions significantly affect businesses and limit their rights. In this regard, the issue of protection of business rights remains relevant. The purpose of the article is to study the administrative features of protection of the rights of economic entities in quarantine. The subject of the study is the social relations that arise in the protection of business in quarantine conditions. The research methodology consists of the dialectical method, historical method, system method, modeling, and abstraction methods, as well as induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis, and comparative law methods as a special research method. The authors concluded that the state took decisive measures to ensure the rights of economic entities, by the significantly reflected on guarantees for entrepreneurs and in general, in particular, their ability to operate, which significantly affects the economies of countries.
Suicide-Related Training, Self-Efficacy, and Mental Health Care Providers' Reactions Toward Suicidal Individuals

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract. Background: Mental health care providers commonly encounter suicide ideation and suicidal behaviors among their patients despite a frequent lack of adequate knowledge and competence regarding suicide risk management. Aims: This study examined the associations among self-perceived sufficiency of training, self-efficacy, anxiety, and attitudes related to working with suicidal individuals. Method: Participants were 289 mental health care providers who completed a self-report survey. Results: Path analysis results indicated that perceived sufficiency of training was indirectly associated with negative attitudes (i.e., avoidance and discomfort) and cognitive and somatic anxiety about working with suicidal individuals through assessment self-efficacy. Limitations: The current study utilized cross-sectional data, and there were occupational heterogeneity and geographical homogeneity among the mental health care providers sampled. Conclusion: These findings suggest that sufficient suicide-related training focused on risk assessment may decrease mental health professionals' negative and anxious reactions toward suicidal individuals and enhance confidence in suicide risk management.
A magnetostratigraphic study of the onset of the Mediterranean Messinian salility crisis; Caltanissetta Basin, Sicily

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The Messinian ‘salinity crisis’ marked a dramatic climatic change in the Mediterranean region. The timing and extent of this event remain controversial, with conflicting models ranging from predictions of rapid and catastrophic dessication of all of the Mediterranean basin at once, to progressive draw-down of sea-level causing gradual onset of evaporite formation starting at the margins of the Mediterranean Sea. In this paper the preliminary magnetostratigraphy is described of two sections in the Neogene Caltanissetta basin, Sicily, containing the early Messinian Tripoli Formation, which pre-dates evaporite formation, and the overlying Calcare di Base shallow water carbonates that mark the first evaporite phase. The magnetisation of the sediments has been extensively overprinted by recent weathering, but primary or early diagenetic remanences which pass reversal and fold tests have been isolated. This has been possible because the sections have been tilted by Pliocene tectonic movements, thus rotating the pre-tilt remanence direction away from the later overprint direction, allowing resolution of the components by great circle analysis. The sections have been correlated with Krijsman et al .’s revision of the geomagnetic polarity time scale (GPTS) of Cande & Kent. This was achieved by comparing variations in the sediment rate derived from the alternative matches with the GPTS with the observed proportions of diatomite (relatively fast deposition) and clay (slow deposition). The proposed correlation puts the base of both sections at or close to the start of the Messinian, but predicts diachroneity in the onset of Calcare di Base deposition between the two sections, as the base of the Calcare di Base falls in opposite polarity chrons in the two sections. The sections lie in two separate sub-basins controlled by thrust anticlines of the Maghrebian thrust belt. Structural and sedimentological evidence suggests that the onset of evaporite formation in these perched basins was strongly controlled by the extent and development of the emerging anticlines. The magnetostratigraphy provides a first positive test of this prediction of tectonically controlled diachroneity of facies. Further palaeomagnetic work is in progress to assess the relative timing of evaporite formation on Sicily in more detail.
POPULATION-BASED MEDICAL BIRTH REGISTRIES AS TOOLS FOR BIRTH DEFECTS SURVEILLANCE AND INVESTIGATION OF THEIR RISK FACTORS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It is known that medical birth registries are valuable sources of information on birth defects. They are widely used for their monitoring and control. Currently, the medical birth registries which are established in Murmansk County allow to study the birth prevalence of birth defects and trends in prevalence since 1973, including the period of socio-economic transformations and changes in medical practice caused by introduction of prenatal screening. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of using existing medical birth registries in Murmansk County for the surveillance of birth defects and detecting their risk factors. We found, that medical birth registries in Murmansk County can be successfully used for monitoring and control of the prevalence of birth defects as well as for epidemiological investigations because of full coverage of population and prospective collection of data on both an outcome and a prenatal condition.
Topological constraints on the dynamics of vortex formation in a two-dimensional quantum fluid

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present experimental and theoretical results on formation of quantum vortices in a laser beam propagating in a nonlinear medium. Topological constrains richer than the mere conservation of vorticity impose an elaborate dynamical behavior to the formation and annihilation of vortex-antivortex pairs. We identify two such mechanisms, both described by the same fold-Hopf bifurcation. One of them is particularly efficient although it is not observed in the context of liquid helium films or stationary systems because it relies on the compressible nature of the fluid of light we consider and on the non-stationarity of its flow.
ABSTRACT 719

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and aims: Dengue infection has been associated with cardiac impairment during the critical phase. Little is known about the haemodynamic changes that occur through the different phases of dengue. Aims: This study follows the haemodynamic changes in dengue infection during the febrile and critical phases using an ultrasonic cardiac output monitor. Methods: This was a prospective study conducted over a period of 2 years in a tertiary hospital. Children admitted with serologically-confirmed dengue infection were recruited after written informed consent was obtained. Daily measurements of haemodynamic parameters (stroke volume index, cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance index and inotropy index) were measured using ultrasonic cardiac output monitor until discharge. Results: Fifty patients were recruited (dengue infection, 19; dengue infection with warning signs, 24; and severe dengue 7). The stroke volume index and inotropy index were lower in those with dengue infections with warning signs and severe dengue during the critical phase while the systemic vascular resistance index was higher. Improvements in these parameters were seen during the recovery phase.FigureConclusions: Dengue infection, especially severe infection, is associated with lower inotropy and increased systemic vascular resistance.
Once- versus twice-daily insulin for diabetic children.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Computational steering is a powerful concept that allows scientists to interactively control a computational process during its execution. In this paper, a survey of computational steering environments for the on-line steering of ongoing scientific and engineering simulations is presented. These environments can be used to create steerable applications for model exploration, algorithm experimentation, or performance optimization. For each environment the scope is identified, the architecture is summarized, and the concepts of the user interface are described. The environments are compared and conclusions and future research issues are given.
Weld-overlay iron-aluminide coatings for use in high-temperature oxidizing/sulfidizing environments

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The development of iron-aluminide weld overlay coatings for high-temperature oxidation and sulfidation resistance critically depends on the determination of the aluminum concentration range for which good corrosion behavior and weldability coexist. This study demonstrated that a sound weld overlay composition with about 30 at.% Al has relatively low corrosion rates in a highly aggressive oxidizing/sulfidizing (H{sub 2}S-H{sub 2}-H{sub 2}O-Ar) environment at 800 C. Its corrosion resistance was superior to alloys with compositions like that of type 310 stainless steel and Fecralloy. The results with this overlay composition can be explained on the basis of what is known about the effects of variations in aluminum and chromium concentrations on high-temperature oxidation/sulfidation from studies with bulk iron aluminides. While higher aluminum concentrations are even better for long-term corrosion resistance, the ability to reliably produce weld overlays of such compositions without hydrogen cracking is problematical and is the subject of continuing development.
Education, Citizenship and Mediation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In Portugal, as in other countries, questions regarding social mediation for promoting personal development and autonomy, citizenship and cohesion and as a methodology of communication, facilitation and interaction between people and groups, have developed in various areas of social organisations. Mediation practices have been strengthening their conceptual and empirical grounding for the following reasons: an increased recognition of their social and educational potential, and as a result of the high level of fragility regarding the stability, convenience, and social cohesion of current society. Mediation, as a qualification and empowerment of individuals, is centred on people, social groups, and communication skills for coping with multiple problems. Mediation is, therefore, recognised as a potential practice that increases the development of a desire in individuals and groups to construct the dynamics of non-violent and participatory interactions. Bearing in mind the relevance of mediation practices and mediator actions in social and educational contexts, Portuguese socio-educational mediators have been studied with the aim of characterising the Portuguese reality concerning elements and figures of socio-educational mediation, focusing on a perceived social and professional identity. This article presents and discusses the importance of mediation in education and the knowledge that mediators recognise as important for their activity.
Reflections on Feminist Merleau-Ponty Skepticism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Shannon Sullivan's critique of Merleau-Ponty's Phenomenology of Perception is based on the argument that, due to his concept of the "anonymous body," his theory of intersubjectivity omits the particularities of bodies, such as gender. I argue that Merleau-Ponty's "anonymous body" (le corps phénoménal) is not in fact "neutral" as Sullivan suggests, and moreover that he does not ignore differences but rather provides us with the idea of difference as a process of differentiation. Additionally, I argue that Sullivan's concept of "hypothetical construction," which is introduced as an alternative to Merleau-Ponty, turns out to be a conscious construction, not reflecting upon its very conditions. Thus, Sullivan's account fails by presupposing what in fact needs to be explained: the particularities.
Impact of Maternal Smoking on the Onset of Breastfeeding versus Formula Feeding: A Cross-Sectional Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study sought to estimate the prevalence of maternal smoking and its association with exclusive breastfeeding vs. formula feeding. A cross-sectional study was performed on postpartum women at a public hospital in Spain, between January and August 2018. The main variables studied were their age, level of study, smoking habits, and chosen mode of infant feeding. In total, 948 postpartum women were included. Of these, 12.45% were smokers who smoked a mean of 7.23 cigarettes/day. Among the group of smokers, the probability of feeding the newborns with formula milk was multiplied by 2.32 ([95%CI 1.50–3.58] p < 0.001). When stratifying tobacco use into mild, moderate and severe, we found a statistically significant dose–response pattern. These associations and their statistical significance were maintained when adjusting by age and level of study. In conclusion, in the group of postpartum mothers who smoked, the probability of feeding the newborns with formula milk doubled. Our data highlight the need to improve health education programs in women of childbearing age, especially during pregnancy.
Optimal Bridge, Twin Bridges and Beyond: Inserting Edges into a Road Network to Minimize the Constrained Diameters

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Given a road network modelled as a planar straight-line graph $G=(V,E)$ with $|V|=n$, let $(u,v)\in V\times V$, the shortest path (distance) between $u,v$ is denoted as $δ_G(u,v)$. Let $δ(G)=\max_{(u,v)}δ_G(u,v)$, for $(u,v)\in V\times V$, which is called the diameter of $G$. Given a disconnected road network modelled as two disjoint trees $T_1$ and $T_2$, this paper first aims at inserting one and two edges (bridges) between them to minimize the (constrained) diameter $δ(T_1\cup T_2\cup I_j)$ going through the inserted edges, where $I_j, j=1,2$, is the set of inserted edges with $|I_1|=1$ and $|I_2|=2$. The corresponding problems are called the {\em optimal bridge} and {\em twin bridges} problems. Since when more than one edge are inserted between two trees the resulting graph is becoming more complex, for the general network $G$ we consider the problem of inserting a minimum of $k$ edges such that the shortest distances between a set of $m$ pairs $P=\{(u_i,v_i)\mid u_i,v_i\in V, i\in [m]\}$, $δ_G(u_i,v_i)$'s, are all decreased. The main results of this paper are summarized as follows: (1) We show that the optimal bridge problem can be solved in $O(n^2)$ time and that a variation of it has a near-quadratic lower bound unless SETH fails. The proof also implies that the famous 3-SUM problem does have a near-quadratic lower bound for large integers, e.g., each of the $n$ input integers has $Ω(\log n)$ decimal digits. We then give a simple factor-2 $O(n\log n)$ time approximation algorithm for the optimal bridge problem. (2) We present an $O(n^4)$ time algorithm to solve the twin bridges problem, exploiting some new property not in the optimal bridge problem. (3) For the general problem of inserting $k$ edges to reduce the (graph) distances between $m$ given pairs, we show that the problem is NP-complete.
LHD 1p5-L_LU_Div01 #175929.31 (analyzed)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Luminance data of the plasma monitor camera. Time variation of the average and maximum luminance within the ROI (Region of Interests) of the plasma images observed by the 1.5-L port camera, where ROI is (772,170) - (892,237) of the original image of 1920x1080. The luminance value is between 0 and 255 in arbitrary unit.
USING THE ADDRESS LANGUAGE TO AUTOMATE SYNTHESIS OF DIGITAL COMPUTERS,

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

One of the possible methods of automating the synthesis of the symbolic circuit of digital computers on the basis of a specified system of instructions is considered. An algorithm (A) for transition from the recording of computer instructions in the address language to a symbolic circuit in the form of a system of logic equations is proposed. The starting premise for constructing A is the condition of the performance of all the instructions by a single device. A applies to the construction of the symbolic circuits of computers for which the following starting characteristics are specified: number of memory elements, capacity of each memory element and method of access; method of presentation of numbers, format of numbers; addressability; method of presentation of modified instructions; system of instructions; principle of organization of the time flowchart; duration of every operation, expressed in conditional units. The operation of A is illustrated by describing the synthesis of an elementary computational system. (Author)
Behavior Driven Development for circuit design and verification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The design of hardware systems is a challenging and erroneous task where about 70% of the effort in designing these systems is spent on verification. In general, testing and verification are usually tasks that are being applied as a post-process to the implementation. In this paper, we propose a new design flow based on Behavior Driven Development (BDD), an agile technique for the development of software in which acceptance tests written in natural language play a central role and are the starting point in the design flow. We advance the flow such that the specifics that arise when modeling hardware are taken into account. Furthermore, we present a technique that allows for the automatic generalization of test cases to properties that are suitable for formal verification. This allows the designer to apply formal verification techniques based on test cases without specifying properties. We implemented our approach and evaluated the flow for an illustrative example that successfully demonstrates the advantages of the proposed flow.
Effect of charge distribution on the electrostatic adsorption of Janus nanoparticles onto charged surface

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We carried out coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to study the electrostatic adsorption of Janus nanoparticles which consist of oppositely charged hemispheres onto charged surfaces. Films with different conformations were formed by Janus nanoparticles. The effects of charge distributions of Janus nanoparticles and the surface on the film structures and dynamic adsorption behavior were investigated in detail. When the surface is highly charged, Janus nanoparticles tend to form single particles or small clusters. In these cases, the surface charge distribution plays an important role in regulating the process of electrostatic adsorption. When the amount of surface charges is reduced, the effect of charge distribution of Janus nanoparticles becomes significant. The repulsive interactions between Janus nanoparticles determine the aggregation behavior of Janus nanoparticles as well as the shape of adsorption structures, which tends to separate Janus nanoparticles and results in a thin adsorption layer and small clusters. When the number of positive charges on the surface of Janus nanoparticle approaches that of negative charges, Janus nanoparticles aggregate into large clusters close to charged surface. The charge distribution of Janus nanoparticles becomes pronounced in the process of electrostatic adsorption.
Interactive Worksheets for Teaching Atmospheric Aerosols and Cloud Physics

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Student-centered active learning pedagogies improve learning outcomes and increase the engagement of underrepresented groups. Implementing such pedagogies requires interactive tools for students to manipulate inputs and use the outputs to construct knowledge. This work introduces interactive worksheets for teaching about atmospheric aerosol and cloud physics and describes the toolchain to create and deliver the content. The material is appropriate for upper-level undergraduate and graduate instruction with pedagogy based on process-oriented guided inquiry learning. Students playfully interact with physical relationships and atmospheric models. Two examples are the interaction with an aerosol–cloud parcel model for simulating the early stage of cloud formation and the interaction with the Bowen model for simulating the formation of rain by coalescence. Photos, text, figures, and software associated with the project are free to be shared and free to be adapted. In addition to focusing on discipline-based learning objectives, the worksheets emphasize interacting with real-world data and practicing graph comprehension. Hosting the content in the cloud ensures reliable and scalable delivery to any device with a browser and Internet access. The worksheets are designed to be used in a student-centered active learning classroom but can also be used in an online setting.
The Green Revolution: Social Change through Social Media

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The advent of the internet changed the way we communicate forever. It became such a potent force that it was recommended as a nominee for Time Magazine’s “Man of the Year.” The world became euphoric about how this technology was changing the way we think. The changes were being brought about by people and that they were the change agents. It is required to understand the key concepts behind the emergence of social change through social media and their support in creating sustainability. This paper will report a study of five Indian social campaigns, right from their birth to the phase where they were no longer within the control of their parent organization but became a movement in their own rights. It is an exploratory study aimed at understanding the way social media works and how private organizations can also bring about a public change. The study will cover social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter and organizational blogs. The variables will be drawn from the corporate sustainability reports, social media venues, working papers and other research studies. These factors and variables can be correlated to sustainability through which the objective to analyse the impact of social change through social media can be achieved. With sustainability becoming a mandate for big companies in India, this study will help in understanding how social media can play a decisive role in their sustainability policies. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 3, Issue-3: 146-152