jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Campaigning for the Creative Citizen

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

As the concept of engagement grows, and the possibility of relating art practice, research and public engagement expands, this workshop explores the issues around what it means to be an ‘engaged artist’ working within an ‘engaged university’. As cultural policy and education are significant components of citizenship, this workshop explores the definitions – and roles – of the ‘creative citizen’ with respect to cultural leadership in the form of the socially engaged art school, and its academic staff and students.
Adaptation and Regulation of the Transduction Mechanism in Vestibular Hair Cells.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract : The research objectives are to characterize the time and displacement dependence of adaptation in hair cells; to localize the site of action of calcium and determine its calcium specificity; to identify and localize calcium- binding and structural proteins in stereocilia that may mediate calcium's effect. The results indicate that the adaptation process involves the movement of the attachment point of the spring attached to transduction channels; this may be a movement of one end of the morphologically-defined 'tip links'. They also suggest that there are two separate processes in the adaptation: One is a slipping or relaxing process that is linearly proportional in rate to the displacement, indicating that the rate may depend on tension in the tip link. The other is a climbing or tensioning process that is largely independent of displacement, suggesting an intrinsic climbing rate. Incidentally, the rate and final tension of the element are nearly identical to that of myosin moving on actin. We also have a good measure of the calcium dependence, using the microphonic preparation, and have made simple measurements of the cation specificity. The binding site appears to be specific for calcium, as magnesium, strontium or barium inhibit calcium's action. Patch clamp experiments have suggested that the site of calcium action is inside the tips of the stereocilia. Results are consistent with some molecular motor intimately associated with the transduction apparatus at the tips of the stereocilia. Immunohistochemical experiments have indicated that calmodulin is inside the tips of the stereocilia, as well as in the cell body. There is also calbindin throughout the cell.
Acupuncture Readiness Attitude Scale (ARAS): An Informal Screener for Patient Suitability for Acupuncture Treatment

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Acupuncture Readiness Attitude (ARA) is a crucial component within the realm of acupuncture therapy. While the response expectancy of acupuncture - the anticipation of treatment effectiveness - is significant, the ARA plays a pivotal role. The ARA encompasses a patient’s willingness, openness, and readiness for acupuncture treatment, which can profoundly impact treatment outcomes. By prioritizing the ARA, acupuncture practitioners can enhance patient receptivity and ultimately contribute to the evolution of this ancient healing practice. This paper highlights the importance of considering the historical context in the development of acupuncture and stresses the requirement for a dedicated evaluator capable of assessing the ARA using an informal screener developed by the authors.
Temporal Change in Renoprotective Effect of Tolvaptan on Patients with Heart Failure: AURORA Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

(1) Background: It has been reported that tolvaptan (TLV) has a renoprotective effect in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) patients, but whether this effect is continued for a long time is unclear. Thus, we evaluated the time course of the renoprotective effect of TLV, in addition to the prognosis, in ADHF patients. (2) Methods: We investigated 911 ADHF patients from the AURORA (Acute Heart Failure Registry in Osaka Rosai Hospital) registry. After propensity score matching, 58 patients who started to receive TLV at least two days after the hospitalization (TLV group) and 58 who did not (non-TLV group) were examined. We compared the changes in the creatinine (Cr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between baseline and each time point (five days, discharge, and one year) as the index of the renoprotective effect, and rate of rehospitalizations and all-cause mortality for one year between the two groups. (3) Results: The change in Cr and eGFR levels was significantly higher in the TLV group than the non-TLV group five days after admission but the difference between the two groups gradually diminished. A Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the survival and rehospitalization rates in the TLV and non-TLV groups were similar up to one year. (4) TLV revealed a temporal change in the renoprotective effect, which may be correlated with no long-term beneficial effect of TLV.
A relationship matrix resolving model for identifying vital nodes based on community in opportunistic social networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The introduction of the 5G Internet and big data communication into human society underpins the opportunistic social networks (OSNs) to survive. The storage‐carry‐forward mechanism refers to a data transmission strategy of OSNs, seeking any data transmission opportunities to communicate in the mobile process. Accordingly, identifying influential nodes is considered critical to OSNs and an essential prerequisite for developing efficient collaborative transmission algorithms. According to conventional OSNs, however, the node identification methods exhibit several defects (eg, low recognition accuracy, high time complexity, and poor performance in complexity networks). To address the mentioned defects, this study builds a relationship matrix resolving model to identify vital nodes by complying with community, which is capable of effectively identifying influential nodes in the network. The proposed model iterates by drawing upon the community features in the network to yield the optimal solution that satisfies the set condition, that is, the influential nodes in the community. As revealed from the experimental results, the method exhibits high performance.
Dynamic Content Analysis: Psychological Main Actor in the Film "Ku Kira Kau Rumah" Via Structure Three Acts

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Film is one of the media communication mass To use convey message to viewer . The messages conveyed give meaning and power pull separately . Films with the drama genre are one of them most types of films interested by a number of people circles . There are many drama genres interested Because the story there is in the film use approach to reality social. The film "Ku Kira Kau Rumah " is one of the popular films in Indonesia with the drama genre. Issues raised​ in this film about mental health . This movie give description about survivor deep bipolar disorder undergo his life . This matter interesting attention For Then researched about change behavior or dynamics psychology that happens to the characters cast main in the film. So that can know How condition psychological can change behavior someone . Study This use method qualitative descriptive with analysis fill in and through approach psychoanalysis . Result of study This show that in the film "Ku Kira Kau Rumah " there is a number of change psychological can​ concluded as change emotions are not stable , too sensitive in respond environment and depression face family and friends near . The hope Hopefully study This can give addition knowledge about bipolar disorder and for study furthermore can more details and can see from more perspective​ wide.
Beyond the β‐amino alcohols framework: identification of novel β‐hydroxy pyridinium salt‐decorated pterostilbene derivatives as bacterial virulence factor inhibitors

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND Bacterial virulence factors are involved in various biological processes and mediate persistent bacterial infections. Focusing on virulence factors of phytopathogenic bacteria is an attractive strategy and crucial direction in pesticide discovery to prevent invasive and persistent bacterial infection. Hence, discovery and development of novel agrochemicals with high activity, low‐risk, and potent anti‐virulence is urgently needed to control plant bacterial diseases. RESULTS A series of novel β ‐hydroxy pyridinium cation decorated pterostilbene derivatives were prepared and their antibacterial activities against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ( Xoo ) were systematacially assessed. Among these pterostilbene derivatives, compound 4S exhibited the best antibacterial activity against Xoo in vitro , with an half maximal effective concentration (EC 50 ) value of 0.28 μg mL −1 . A series of biochemical assays including scanning electron microscopy, crystal violet staining, and analysis of biofilm formation, swimming motility, and related virulence factor gene expression levels demonstrated that compound 4S could function as a new anti‐virulence factor inhibitor by interfering with the bacterial infection process. Furthermore, the pot experiments provided convinced evidence that compound 4S had the high control efficacy (curative activity: 71.4%, protective activity: 72.6%), and could be used to effectively manage rice bacterial leaf blight in vivo . CONCLUSION Compounds 4S is an attractive virulence factor inhibitor with potential for application in treating plant bacterial diseases by suppressing production of several virulence factors. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth of Astragalus sinicus L. in copper ion polluted soil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In a pot experiment, the effect of inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi on Astragalus sinicus in copper polluted soil was studied. Associations were established between Astragalus sinicus and two species of AM fungi, Glomus intraradices and G. mosseae. The result showed that copper inhibited the development of AM fungi. The colonization rate of AM fungi was decreased with the increase of copper added in soil and the enzyme activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were decreased also. Moreover, the biomass of plants decreased with the increase of copper added in soil, but the biomass of plants inoculated with AM fungi was higher than that of non-inoculated plants. Furthermore, the biomass of plants inoculated with G. intraradices was higher than that of plants inoculated with G. mosseae. Inoculation of G. intraradices lowered copper transferring to the shoots, but inoculation of G. mosseae accelerated the transference of copper. It was concluded that inoculation with G. intraradices enhanced the resistance of Astragalus sinicus to copper polluted soil.
Developmental trends in early childhood and their predictors from an Indian birth cohort

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background: Early childhood developmental pattern analyses not only project future cognition potential, but also identify potential risks for possible intervention. The current study evaluates developmental trends in the first three years of life and their predictors in a low and middle income country setting.Methods: Trends of early childhood development at 6, 15, 24 and 36 months of age and their predictors were explored in a longitudinal community-based birth cohort study in an urban slum in Vellore, South India. Development was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-III (BSID-III).Results: The birth cohort enrolled 251 children with 94%, 91% and 87% follow-up at 6, 24 and 36 months respectively. Child development domains of cognition, language, motor and social skills showed a significant decline in scores between 6 and 36 months of age. Higher socioeconomic position (SEP) and nurturing home environment contributed to increase in cognition scores by 1.9 and 0.9 units respectively. However, stunting resulted in drop of cognition scores by 1.7 units. Higher maternal cognition, higher SEP, and caregiver responsivity positively contributed to language change over time, while higher maternal depression contributed negatively. An enriching home environment, growth parameters and blood iron status had positive association with change in motor skills.Conclusions: A triple intervention plan to enhance home environment and nurturance, early childhood nutrient supplementation, and maternal education and well-being might prevent child developmental decline in high risk settings.
Unstable Tetramic Acid Derivatives from the Deep-Sea-Derived Fungus Cladosporium sphaerospermum EIODSF 008

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Seven new unstable tetramic acid derivatives, cladosporiumins I-O (1–7), together with the known analogue cladodionen (8) were isolated from the extract of the deep-sea-derived fungus Cladosporium sphaerospermum EIODSF 008. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, quantum chemical calculations and ECD spectra. Compound 4 was a Mg complex of tetramic acid derivative. In acidic solvent, 4 could change to 1 and 6, and 7 could change to 5. In addition, 1, 5 and 8 existed as two exchangeable isomers, respectively. The structures of cladosporiumins E-H were reassigned as their Na complexes. The antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of 1–8 were also evaluated. However, because of their instability, all of the isolated compounds did not show significant antibacterial activity as the preliminary EtOAc extracts of the fungal strain.
Investigation of dynamic changes in quality of small white apricot wine during fermentation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Dynamic quality changes of small white apricot wine during fermentation were evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique combined with multivariate statistical analysis methods. During the fermentation process, the sugar content decreased rapidly, while the alcohol gradually accumulated, reaching 11.4 %vol. The phenolic compound content and antioxidant capacity were reduced after fermentation, but still stayed at a high value. Flavor compounds of small white apricot wine are constantly changing as the fermentation progresses. After fermentation, small white apricot wine produced 3-methyl-1-butanol, isoamyl acetate, ethyl caprylate, ethyl caprate, ethyl benzoate, linalool and eugenol, which gave rich banana, lemon, pineapple, citrus and other flavors. Small white apricot wine has a soft taste, golden color and mellow body, with a typical fruit wine flavor. This study provides a theoretical basis for the further processing and flavor improvement of small white apricot.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF LUNG CANCER INCIDENCE AND CIGARETTE SMOKING IN ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The results of the Third National Cancer Survey have shown substantial variations in lung cancer incidence rates for white males within Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. To explain these differences, two areas showing over a twofold difference in the 1970 age-adjusted incidence rates (127.7 compared to 59.0 per 100,00) were studied in greater detail. Estimates of smoking experience by age were determined in the two areas by survey sampling methods of white males 35 years of age and older. The results show the high risk area had a significantly greater proportion of males currently smoking and who had ever smoked cigarettes compared to the low risk area. Males in the high risk area also began smoking over four years earlier, and proportionally fewer men smoked filter cigarettes. Calculations of Lung cancer risk based on these results and a model of risk from the prospective and retrospective studies showed that almost all of the observed difference in risk between areas was attributable to cigarettes.
What are the effective reading strategies a second grade teacher can employ to increase reading achievement and comprehension skills through effective questioning toward boys

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study looks at three avenues of research, reading strategies, boy's behaviors and finding books that appeal to them, and deep and meaningful questioning through instruction. All aspects are looked at to create a resource book for second grade teachers. With research suggesting that boys' reading scores and my personal observation, I wanted to find an answer with what strategies should be taught in the classroom. Through modeling the strategies, and providing graphic organizers to show explicitly how the strategies work, there will be a clearer understanding. By looking at Anderson and Krathwohl's Taxonomy while creating higher level questions and activities to support the books, those components will support boys understanding of the strategies. While researching boys' behaviors and the types of books that appeal to them, I successfully chose read aloud books and provided examples of how the reading strategies are modeled in the classroom to create a resource .
Hepatitis B in a hospital for the mentally subnormal in southern England.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The prevalence of hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection was assessed in 340 patients and 268 staff in a hospital for the mentally subnormal in Wessex. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to hepatitis B core antigen, antibody to HBsAg, e antigen (eAg), and antibody to eAg were used as markers of such infection. Forty patients and 10 staff had evidence of recent or current infection, while 149 patients and 50 staff had evidence of past infection. HBV markers were more common in mongols, epileptics, patients with cerebral palsy, and those of lower mental grades and reached a peak after 5-15 years of hospitalisation. eAg was detected in 12 out of 26 patients with HBsAg but in none of the four staff with HBsAg. Abnormal liver function values were found in 24 (60%) of the patients with recent or current HBV infection but in only 30 (19%) of those without HBV markers. Among the staff the prevalence of HBV markers correlated with the duration of employment and degree of contact with patients. Of those with recent or current infection, 4 (40%) had abnormal liver function values compared with 25 (12%) of those without HBV markers. Despite the high prevalence of markers clinically overt hepatitis B was rare.
Risk Mitigation of Poor Power Quality Issues of Standalone Wind Turbines: An Efficacy Study of Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) Control

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This paper validates and presents the efficiency and performance of Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) control as a mitigating control in managing risks of high volatility of electric current flows from the wind turbine generator to the distributed load. High volatility/fluctuations of electricity (high current, voltage disturbance) and frequency are hazards that can trip off or, in extreme cases, burn down a whole wind turbine generator. An advanced control scheme is used to control a Voltage Source Converter (VSC)-based three-phase induction generator with a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). For the purpose of risk mitigation of harmonics, this scheme converts three-phase input quantity to two-phase Direct Current (DC) quantity (dq) so that the reactive power compensation decreases the harmonics level. Thus, no other analog filters are required to produce the reconstructed signal of fundamental frequency. In this paper, the values of Proportional Integral (PI) regulators are calculated through the “MONTE CARLO” optimization tool. Furthermore, risk analysis is carried out using bowtie, risk matrix and ALARP (as low as reasonably practicable) methods, which is the novelty based on the parametric study of this research work. The results reveal that by inducting proposed SRF control into the Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS), the risks of high fluctuations and disturbances in signals are reduced to an acceptable level as per the standards of IEEE 519-2014 and EN 50160. The proposed work is validated through running simulations in MATLAB/Simulink with and without controls.
Meta-analysis of antidepressant prescribing

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

patients with cancers before the skin cancer were retained in the analysis or not (Frisch et al, unpublished data).This argues against Sasieni and Bataille's proposal.By no means do we consider our observations to be evidence of a causal role for ultraviolet light in the pathogenesis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.Sasieni and Bataille and Robert Newton suggest that immunosuppression rather, than ultraviolet light explains our findings.We do not disagree with this.As we suggested in our paper, one of the possible mechanisms that link skin cancers and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is the local and systemic immunological dysregulation caused by ultraviolet light.34The considerable indirect support for such an association5 needs further consideration.
14 The slow-burning climate emergency and the European Green Deal: Prospects and pitfalls in the polycrisis era

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The European Green Deal (EGD) and its European Climate Law have raised EU climate ambition to new heights by making the goal of net-zero emissions by 2050 legally binding. However, the action plan was proposed in times of crisis, and competing economic, health, and geopolitical emergencies risk undermining the EU’s climate objectives. In this chapter, I situate climate policy and the EGD against the backdrop of the polycrisis. I argue that crisis-era governance provides both prospects and pitfalls for EU actors to advance climate ambition. This chapter proceeds in several steps. First, I provide an overview of the EGD, the European Climate Law, and the Fit for 55 Package, discussing whether they mark a break from previous incremental steps forward. Next, I outline crisis trends that risk derailing the EU’s climate ambition. Thirdly, I demonstrate the key role that each of the EU’s institutions have played in facilitating the development of the EGD and the challenges they face to maintain momentum in crisis contexts. Finally, this chapter focuses on the COVID-19 crisis and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, showing that crises provide both opportunities and challenges for the EU to stay the course on advancing the goals of the EGD. I argue that actions like tying climate objectives to economic recovery and energy security plans demonstrate that the EU may have adapted to working within crisis contexts to maintain climate ambitions. However, this hopeful trend is fragile as economic and energy hardships risk exacerbating east-west member state divisions on climate policy, thereby giving the EU institutions less room to advance radical climate action.
Rootstock Effect on Nutrient Concentration of Sweet Cherry Leaves

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

AbstractThe present investigation aimed to study the leaf mineral composition of sweet cherry trees on different rootstocks, since the literature data on uptake efficiency of different rootstocks is inconsistent. Results confirmed the different uptake efficiency of rootstocks. The efficiency of 'GiSelA 6' root is emphasized in uptake and supply of leaves with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), zinc (Zn), boron (B), and manganese (Mn), but trees on this rootstock tend to develop calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and copper (Cu) deficiencies. The Prunus mahaleb rootstocks on calcareous sandy soil are efficient supplier of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Cu, but this root tends to develop Zn, B, and Mn deficiencies. Prunus avium seedling as rootstock proved to be less efficient in supply of leaves by N, P, K, Ca, and Cu. Prunus fruticosa 'Prob' root showed tendency in developing several leaf nutrient deficiencies. The applied fertilizer program led to low nutrient levels or even deficiency symptoms in leaves.Keywords: 'GiSelA 6'Prunus aviumPrunus fruticosaPrunus mahalebrootstock efficiencynutrient deficiency