jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Monitoring and analysis of PAN and PPN in the air of Beijing during the summer of 2005].

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

PAN and PPN in the urban air of Beijing were monitored by using a online instrument from Aug. 15th to Aug. 28th, 2005. The results show that the concentrations of PAN and PPN are extremely high in the air of the city area of Beijing, and the highest concentrations of PAN and PPN during the daytime are 2 493.2 x 10(-12) and 509.2 x 10(-12) respectively. A strong correlation is found between PAN and PPN, R2 = 0.9495, and the average ratio of [PPN]/[PAN] is about 20.2%, which suggests anthropogenic VOCs are dominant when compared to biogenic ones in the urban air. The precipitation has strong negative effects on the formation and accumulation of PAN and PPN. High concentrations of PAN and PPN occur every midnight. During day time, high concentrations of PAN and PPN occurred with high concentrations of NO2 when NO concentrations are fairly low. Diurnal variations of O3 and PAN are very similar to each other, and a moderate correlation has been indicated between PAN and O3.
Reconnecting Agricultural Technology to Human Development

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Human development has repeatedly been transformed by huge gains in food production; especially the ‘Neolithic settlement’, as former hunter-gatherers became farmers. However, even in Europe alone, this took many centuries to spread. Until about 1750, technical progress raised on-farm productivity too slowly, at national level, to achieve rapid increase in food availability or employment income. Yet between 1750 and 1914, new farm techniques (better crop rotations, plant and animal varieties, guano and fertilizers and, later, refrigeration and tractors) transformed human life in Europe, North America and Australasia. New farm opportunities meant more food, more labour income, and the conquest of mass rural hunger. Later, rising farm productivity released millions of farmworkers to higher-earning, mainly urban activity. Between 1950 and 1990, an analogous process, the Green Revolution, brought unprecedented rises in food production, falls in poverty, and human development (including better health and education) to much of South and East Asia and Central America. These outcomes then fuelled more farm growth. However, this virtuous circle has become a crawl since 1990. Farm yield growth and poverty reduction have slowed right down — before even reaching most of Africa, uplands, and drylands. The farm changes of 1950– 1990 were based on the adoption of mainly public sector research by smallholders, employment intensively and with irrigation or fairly secure rainfall. But agricultural research has shifted to the private sector; its results have become less smallholder friendly and less employment intensive; poverty has concentrated in rural areas with little water control; and rural water shortages are intensifying. The positive connections between agricultural research and human development have sharply weakened. This paper explores those connections, and how to revive them. Agrotechnical progress is a three-stage process comprising:
Terror and the Legitimation of Violence: A Cross-National Analysis on the Relationship between Terrorism and Homicide Rates

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study investigates the relationship between terrorism and interpersonal violence by conducting cross-national analyses on the effects of terrorism mortality rates on homicide rates. Results show that terrorism appears to be robustly and positively associated with homicide. This finding is based on the calculation of a series of independently pooled and twoways fixed-effects models on a panel that incorporates more than 165 countries over 24 years (1991–2014). The results lend tentative support to the so-called “legitimation-habituation” hypothesis that was formulated in regard to the effects of security-related stress on homicide rates in Israel more than 30 years ago. The topic has been largely neglected ever since. While confirming a positive relationship between terrorism and homicide, this study concludes that a causal influence of terrorism on homicide rates is conceivable, but cannot conclusively be proven within the confines of the research design. Future research on potential mediators of the supposed effect is needed, and data limitations need to be overcome.
RETRACTED: Adenine Combined with Cisplatin Promotes Anticancer Activity against Hepatocellular Cancer Cells through AMPK-Mediated p53/p21 and p38 MAPK Cascades

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cisplatin has been widely used in cancer treatments. Recent evidence indicates that adenine has potential anticancer activities against various types of cancers. However, the effects of the combination of adenine and cisplatin on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells remain sketchy. Here, our objective was to elucidate the anticancer activity of adenine in combination with cisplatin in HCC cells and its mechanistic pathways. Cell viability and cell cycle progression were assessed by the SRB assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Apoptosis was demonstrated by PI/annexin V staining and flow cytometric analysis. Protein expression, signaling cascade, and mRNA expression were analyzed by Western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. Our results showed that adenine jointly potentiated the inhibitory effects of cisplatin on the cell viability of SK-Hep1 and Huh7 cells. Further investigation showed that adenine combined with cisplatin induced higher S phase arrest and apoptosis in HCC cells. Mechanically, adenine induced AMPK activation, reduced mTOR phosphorylation, and increased p53 and p21 levels. The combination of adenine and cisplatin synergistically reduced Bcl-2 and increased PUMA, cleaved caspase-3, and PARP in HCC cells. Adenine also upregulated the mRNA expression of p53, p21, PUMA, and PARP, while knockdown of AMPK reduced the increased expression of these genes. Furthermore, adenine also induced the activation of p38 MAPK through AMPK signaling, and the inhibition of p38 MAPK reduced the apoptosis of HCC cells with exposure to adenine combined with cisplatin. Collectively, these findings reveal that the combination of adenine and cisplatin synergistically enhances apoptosis of HCC cells, which may be attributed to the AMPK-mediated p53/p21 and p38 MAPK cascades. It suggests that adenine may be a potential adjuvant for the treatment of HCC in combination with cisplatin.
Influence of Corporate Social Responsibility, Company Size, Leverage, Profitability, Good Corporate Governance, on Tax Aggressiveness in Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Idx For the 2019 - 2022 Period

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This research was conducted to examine the influence of Corporate Social Responsibility, Company Size, Leverage, Profitability, Good Corporate Governance, on Tax Aggressiveness in Manufacturing Companies Registered on the BEI for the 2019 – 2022 Period. The population in this research is manufacturing companies in the food and beverage sector registered on the IDX. Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in 2019 - 2022. This research uses 17 companies as samples selected using the purposive sampling method. The data in this research was obtained from several sources such as annual reports and summaries of financial statements of the companies in the research sample, which were obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) database and www.idx.co.id. Hypothesis testing uses the analysis of statilstilk delskrilptilf, which uses the analytical method of analysis of multiple models.
Electromagnetic forces and their finite element computation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper introduces the concepts of differential geometry that are necessary to establish a systematic definition for electromagnetic forces by means of a natural thermodynamic approach. It is shown that standard electromagnetic force formulae used in finite element computational electromagnetism are particular instances of that general approach. Finally, the paper offers a complete conceptual framework, as well as a mathematical toolbox, to derive electromagnetic force formulae for multi‐physics finite element models with complex materials.
Urgensi Knowledge Management Dalam Pengembangan Profesionalisme Guru

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article aims to gain an in-depth understanding of the Urgency of Knowledge Management in Teacher Professionalism Development. School policies that change frequently make education staff, policy makers and teachers need relevant knowledge to do their jobs. Knowledge Management can be a solution for educators to manage change as it has been considered a possible strategy to address problems in the business sector. This study uses a type of descriptive qualitative research based on library research where the researcher uses various literature to obtain research data and uses content analysis. Based on the results of the research, Education functions as one of the sources of knowledge, so Knowledge Management has a very important role in it. Knowledge development must be supported by information technology to facilitate access and improve the quality of knowledge sharing as well as knowledge management, which will result in improved quality and competitiveness. Professional teachers are teachers who have the necessary skills and competencies to carry out educational and teaching duties. Teacher performance is very important for the success of education because the performance of teachers in carrying out their duties greatly affects the quality of education. Thus, professional teachers can and have the ability to carry out their roles and responsibilities as educators in the field concerned.
The use of retorted oil shale as urea coating does not modify chemical parameters of free-drained soil solution

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective of this work was to investigate the possible contamination of soil solution with chemical elements present in the composition of retorted oil shale (ROS) when used together with nitrogen fertilization as urea. The experiment was conducted in a silvopastoral system with an experimental design of randomized blocks, with subdivided plots. The main treatments consisted of spatial arrangements of trees, while the split plots constituted the broadcast application of urea (U) and urea covered with ROS (U+ROS). Regardless of the spacing of the trees, the use of U + ROS implied no significant effect on the chemical parameters of the soil solution leached at 40 cm of soil depth. The heavy metals Cd, As, Al and Pb, the most hazardous trace elements present in ROS, were not even detected in soil solution, in none sampling event. Such results are mainly attributed to their low contents in ROS. Our results evidenced that, even with large and cumulative rates of ROS application, the potential for contamination of water table with ROS-derived trace elements is negligible in the soil and climate conditions of the present study. Thus, the use of ROS together with nitrogen fertilization has a potential in the use in agriculture, increasing the efficiency of nitrogen fertilization without causing environmental impacts.
GSK-3β expression after treatment of glial cells with lithium and Maria lithium mineral water from Malnas-Bai

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective: To investigate the influence of lithium mineral waters and lithium salts upon the expression of GSK-3β in glial cells. Materials and methods: Mixed glial cultures were prepared from neonatal Wistar rat cortex. Cultures derived from neonatal rat forebrain develop with a monolayer or large flat astrocytes attached to the culture dish, with many smaller cells of the oligodendrocytes lineage on their surface. Results: Treatment of these cultures with lithium mineral waters from Maria spring compared to treatment with lithium chloride 2mM showed significant differences in cell morphology. Immunohistochemical studies for glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β supported the protective effects of lithium mineral waters for glial cells, whereas lithium chloride 2mM determined cytotoxic effects and inhibited Wnt signalling pathway. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate the fact that lithium chloride and lithium mineral waters induce changes on the expression of GSK-3β.
The hot spots conjecture can be false: Some numerical examples

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The hot spots conjecture is only known to be true for special geometries. It can be shown numerically that the hot spots conjecture can fail to be true for easy to construct bounded domains with one hole. The underlying eigenvalue problem for the Laplace equation with Neumann boundary condition is solved with boundary integral equations yielding a non-linear eigenvalue problem. Its discretization via the boundary element collocation method in combination with the algorithm by Beyn yields highly accurate results both for the first non-zero eigenvalue and its corresponding eigenfunction which is due to superconvergence. Additionally, it can be shown numerically that the ratio between the maximal/minimal value inside the domain and its maximal/minimal value on the boundary can be larger than $1+10^{-3}$. Finally, numerical examples for easy to construct domains with up to five holes are provided which fail the hot spots conjecture as well.
Nurse Practitioner Role Transition: A Concept Analysis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The four defining attributes of NP role transition are absorption of the role, the shift from provider of care to prescriber of care, straddling two identities, and mixed emotions. Personal and environmental antecedents and consequences of the concept are identified. The development of empirical knowledge on NP role transition through further research is important in order for new-to-practice NPs to become high-quality, full-functioning providers.
THE CONSTANCY OF THE G MATRIX THROUGH SPECIES DIVERGENCE AND THE EFFECTS OF QUANTITATIVE GENETIC CONSTRAINTS ON PHENOTYPIC EVOLUTION: A CASE STUDY IN CRICKETS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Long-term phenotypic evolution can be modeled using the response-to-selection equation of quantitative genetics, which incorporates information about genetic constraints (the G matrix). However, little is known about the evolution of G and about its long-term importance in constraining phenotypic evolution. We first investigated the degree of conservation of the G matrix across three species of crickets and qualitatively compared the pattern of variation of G to the phylogeny of the group. Second, we investigated the effect of G on phenotypic evolution by comparing the direction of greatest quantitative genetic variation within species (gmax) to the direction of phenotypic divergence between species (Δz̄). Each species, Gryllus veletis, G. firmus, and G. pennsylvanicus, was reared in the laboratory using a full-sib breeding design to extract quantitative genetic information. Five morphological traits related to size were measured. G matrices were compared using three statistical approaches: the T method, the Flury hierarchy, and the MANOVA method. Results revealed that the differences between matrices were small and mostly caused by differences in the magnitude of the genetic variation, not by differences in principal component structure. This suggested that the G matrix structure of this group of species was preserved, despite significant phenotypic divergence across species. The small observed differences in G matrices across species were qualitatively consistent with genetic distances, whereas ecological information did not provide a good prediction of G matrix variation. The comparison of gmax and Δz̄ revealed that the angle between these two vectors was small in two of three species comparisons, whereas the larger angle corresponding to the third species comparison was caused in large part by one of the five traits. This suggests that multivariate phenotypic divergence occurred mostly in a direction predicted by the direction of greatest genetic variation, although it was not possible to demonstrate the causal relationship from G to Δz̄. Overall, this study provided some support for the validity of the predictive power of quantitative genetics over evolutionary time scales.
Design automation for characterizing low soft-error-rate library cells

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

To cope with the harsh environment of space as in the satellite applications, the electronic devices must be devised to be radiation-hardened to mitigate varying degrees of radiation effects. One of the figure-of-state methods to resist the radiation from outer space is to utilise the asynchronous designing style. Without a common clock signal governing millions of circuital components as the conventional synchronous designs do, the asynchronous circuit can minimise the chance of being affected by distorted clock signals caused by EMI. In this final year project, I am expected to learn and deploy the CLICK asynchronous element, an asynchronous designing style (Ad Peeters, 2010) to develop a pipeline structure, which has the potential of scalability and lower soft-error-rate comparing to the conventional synchronous approach. I had built an asynchronous pipeline structure template exploiting the CLICK technology, furthermore, a design for demonstration is built to illustrate the feasibility of such template.
Kinetic Study of the Reduction of Chromium(VI) at Rotating Gold Microelectrodes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetic Study of the Reduction of Chromium(VI) at Rotating Gold MicroelectrodesFrederick Baumann and Irving ShainCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 21, 5550–5553Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01602a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01602a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views53Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nanotandem-rocket releases messenger to disrupt metabolic communication for antitumor immunotherapy

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Metabolic communication between intracellular metabolism and extracellular microenvironment is responsible for celluar metabolism balance and cell survival. Tumor cells adaptively regulate metabolic communication to promote hyperproliferation and immunosuppression. Herein, nanotandem-rockets (hyaluronic acid modified Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 (H-MCH)) are developed for stepwisely disrupting metabolic communication to activate antitumor immunity. Benefiting from the nanotandem-rocket structure, H-MCH nanoplates successively disrupt the extracellular metabolite transport and intracellular carbohydrate metabolism. Theoretical simulation together with metabolomic analysis discloses the underlying mechanism of H-MCH nanotandem-rockets. The extra-/intra-celluar interruption of metabolic communication provides H-MCH nanotandem-rockets with high efficiency in tumor eradication. Moreover, the interference of metabolic communication reverses immunosuppression to facilitate the intratumoral infiltration of immune cells. With H-MCH nanotandem-rockets as an in situ vaccine, systemic antitumor immunity and immune memory effect are fabricated to eliminate tumor metastasis and recurrence. Different from traditional metabolic poisons (e.g., arsenic or cyanide), the structure of nanotandem-rockets endows chemical messengers with selective regulation to tumor metabolic communication, but with minimal influence to normal tissues. The nanotandem-rockets provide a powerful paltform to augment the regulating actitiy of chemical messengers in metabolic communication. We expect our discovery of disrupting tumor metabolic communication with chemical messengers will be a powerful strategy for tumor therapy with vast practical applications.
[Analysis of the first 100 patients with COVID-19 admitted to internal medicine wards at the Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Buenos Aires University].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Patient relatives often request withdrawal of life support, especially artificial nutrition and hydration, in cases of permanent vegetative or minimally conscious state, and resort to court in case of disagreement. Two recent cases of withdrawal authorized by the courts concerned, one from abroad and one from Argentina, have been controversial. Although it may appear inhuman to stop feeding and hydrating such patients, to continue it only prolongs a state of irreversible biological subsistence. Families tend to increasingly accept withdrawal if the patient status remains unchanged. However, concern persists regarding the suffering that patients may undergo from onset of withdrawal till death, even though such suffering is little conceivable in the absence of cortical function and conscience content. While doctors and the layman consider ethical to withdraw life support, a nonnegligible proportion of doctors consider that vegetative state patients, even more minimally conscious state patients, do experience hunger, thirst and pain. In some countries, like the United Kingdom, strict withdrawal criteria were proposed, together with pharmacological treatment schemes for the distress arising during the withdrawal period, even though its benefit is controversial. In Argentina, two scientific societies have publicly advocated withdrawal, but not issued formal guidelines. In any case, both "dignified death" Law 26.742 and the Civil Code consent withdrawal of life support, if accompanied by appropriate relief of clinical symptoms indicating suffering.
Are dietary supplements necessary for a healthy person?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A dietary supplement differs from conventional foods in its appearance or way of using. The formulation of a dietary supplement often resembles that of medicines. Research evidence of the benefits of dietary supplements for healthy people is insufficient. A balanced, health-promoting diet will secure adequate intake of nutrients and, based on studies, is beneficial for the prevention of numerous diseases. The use of dietary supplements is justified, if giving variety to a diet that is inadequate in its nutritive content is not possible or successful. The use should be based on careful examination of the diet as well as on reliable biochemical assays.