jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A pathway‐based association analysis identified FMNL1‐MAP3K14 as susceptibility genes for leprosy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The nuclear transcription factor‐κB ( NF ‐κB) plays a pivotal role in controlling both innate and adaptive immunity and regulates the expressions of many immunological mediators. Abundant evidences have showed the importance of NF ‐κB pathway in the host immune responses against Mycobacterium leprae in the development of leprosy. However, no particular association study between leprosy and NF ‐κB pathway‐related gene polymorphisms was reported. Here, we performed a large‐scale and two‐stage candidate association study to investigate the association between 94 NF ‐κB pathway‐related genes and leprosy. Our results showed that rs58744688 was significantly associated with leprosy ( P = 7.57 × 10 −7 , OR = 1.12) by combining the previous genomewide association data sets and four independent validation sample series, consisting of a total of 4631 leprosy cases and 6413 healthy controls. This founding implicated that MAP 3K14 and FMNL 1 were susceptibility genes for leprosy, which suggested the involvement of macrophage targeting and NF ‐κB pathway in the development of leprosy.
Application of the Cottonscope for determining fiber maturity and fineness of an upland cotton MAGIC population

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Fineness and maturity are two cotton ( Gossypium spp.) fiber properties that respectively estimate the fiber diameter and degree of internal fiber thickening. Cotton researchers have been searching for accurate and efficient ways of measuring them due to their important roles in lint yield, fiber quality, and downstream textile performance. The recent development of the Cottonscope has offered an improved way of quantitatively assessing fineness and maturity based on the tests with reference cotton materials composed of clean and homogenous fibers. However, cotton geneticists and breeders have not widely adopted the new technology, since it has not been tested with a genetic population consisting of a large number of fiber samples with high levels of variations within a sample and among replicates. Thus, we measured a multiparent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) population using the Cottonscope in comparison with a conventional Advanced Fiber Information System (AFIS). Comparative analyses showed a correlation of the fineness values between AFIS and Cottonscope, but a discrepancy in the maturity ratio values between them. Extensive phenotypic analyses suggested that Cottonscope technology using snippets and a normalization with a fiber width might help improve the accuracy of maturity from various fiber samples of the MAGIC population. The information may help cotton scientists measuring and interpreting fiber maturity from experimental materials for genetic and genomic analyses.
Successful team-based development of an online course with an external partner: An analysis of the perspectives of academics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Course and subject development teams are increasingly seen in the tertiary online teaching environment and they face a unique set of challenges. The purpose of this study was to synthesise and share learnings of 12 academics involved in the development of subjects with an external partner for a new multidisciplinary online health science course at an Australian university, in order to improve ongoing development within the course and inform new course development. In this case study, thematic analysis of focus group discussions and qualitative survey data identified five key themes related to the development process: time management, setting expectations, communication, the development team, and ownership. Barriers to productive subject development included unrealistic timelines, unclear lines of communication, unmet or unrealistic expectations and lack of recognition of team members’ expertise, and lack of support for genuine collaboration. Team-based development of an online course has the potential to be a rewarding experience for academics. In order for the benefits to be realised, approaches to development underpinned by a community-centred framework, observing core values such as collaboration, shared sense of purpose and expectations, would address a number of the issues identified in this study.
The Efficient Transformation of Wheat in Planta by Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Transformation of wheat was performed by pipetting spikelets with Agrobacterium tumefaciens which contained expression vectors using Npt II as reporter gene. Transformants were identified through kana-mycin resistance, PCR and Southern blot. The results showed that transformation efficiency was within 2.0 to 3. 2% in all tested varieties of wheat. Then the simple and efficient protocol of wheat transformation by Agrobacterium tumefaciens in planta was primarily established.
Causal properties of nonlinear gravitational waves in modified gravity

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Some exact, nonlinear, vacuum gravitational wave solutions are derived for certain polynomial $f(R)$ gravities. We show that the boundaries of the gravitational domain of dependence, associated with events in polynomial $f(R)$ gravity, are not null as they are in general relativity. The implication is that electromagnetic and gravitational causality separate into distinct notions in modified gravity, which may have observable astrophysical consequences. The linear theory predicts that tachyonic instabilities occur, when the quadratic coefficient $a_{2}$ of the Taylor expansion of $f(R)$ is negative, while the exact, nonlinear, cylindrical wave solutions presented here can be superluminal for all values of $a_{2}$. Anisotropic solutions are found, whose wave-fronts trace out time- or space-like hypersurfaces with complicated geometric properties. We show that the solutions exist in $f(R)$ theories that are consistent with Solar System and pulsar timing experiments.
Substantiating parameters of short-delay blasting and seismic safety while constructing the inclined tunnel

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Implementation of blasting works in mining engineering and underground construction requires new effective blasting technologies in conducting an explosion. Short-delay blasting is a technology that requires scientific substantiation of its parameters. The application of explosion technology with increased blast intervals between charges is characterized as successful. However, the degree of reduction of seismic action and, accordingly, an increase in seismic safety needs clarification of the parameters of short-delay blasting. The scientific paper analyzes the delay time of the blast of charges and the classification of the degree of damage to buildings and structures. Seismic safety parameters for the inclined tunnel “Skhidnyi” while tunneling at the quarry of the Inhulets Ore Mining and Processing Plant (in the city of Kryvyi Rih) have been substantiated. The functional dependence of the maximum vibration velocity on the seismically safe distance has been obtained, as well as the dependence of the coefficient, the value of which characterizes the mass of the explosive. This allows for a quick evaluation of seismic safety parameters when calculating the parameters of blasting operations in the case of short-delay blasting.
Preliminary Use of an E-learning Pilot System forSecondary Educational Institutions in Tuvalu: The InitialImplementation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The focus of this study is on the preliminary use and implementation of an e-learning pilot system based on an open source Learning Management System (LMS), the Moodle 2.0, within a secondary school in Tuvalu.Tuvalu is one of the worlds Least Developed Countries (LDCs) which have insufficient band width currently available, inadequate infrastructure and resources such as electricity and a lack of skilled manpower.The recent innovations of e-learning and Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in the classroom have been enthusiastically met by students, teachers and administrators.The performance of the students who participated in activities designed for the Computer Studies subject and the data collected from questionnaires and surveys confirm the system's potential for improving student skills in the use of technology and their motivation towards study.This includes the potential to bridge the wide gap Tuvaluan students previously faced when entering tertiary level of education outside Tuvalu, and proposals for education within Tuvalu in relation to e-learning and will outline the Education Department's plans to introduce ICTs into education in an attempt to stay abreast with the rest of the world.
Performance Analysis of RIS-Assisted D2D Communication Under Nakagami-$m$ Fading

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) with the capability to control the propagation environment by manipulating the electromagnetic wave is regarded as a potential technology to enhance the communication quality. In this paper, we investigate the performance of RIS-assisted communication systems with device-to-device users under a general fading channel, i.e., Nakagami- $m$ fading channel. The closed-form expressions of outage probability, ergodic capacity, and symbol error rate are derived. Further, the approximations for high SNR scenario are derived respectively, and the insights are then explored. Simulation results illustrate the correctness of our analytical expressions.
Perceptions of relative group size and group status: Effects on intergroup discrimination in negative evaluations

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract The positive–negative asymmetry in social discrimination proposes a threshold for ingroup favouritism within the negative domain: in contrast to comparable studies dealing with in‐ and outgroup evaluations on positive attributes, ingroup favouritism does not occur when negative attributes are used. The present study focuses on two aspects of this threshold: it investigates processes, which may influence the absence of ingroup favouritism in the negative domain, and it tests ‘aggravating’ variables, which seem to be suficient to elicit ingroup favouritism even in the negative domain. Results show that ingroup favouritism occurred within the negative domain when several aggravating conditions were included, namely high salience of size‐ and status‐ similarity between groups and high ingroup identification. Furthermore, subjects under minimal conditions tended to overestimate relative size as well as relative status of their ingroup. The perception of group members to belong to a high status majority is interpreted as a sufficient condition counteracting tendencies towards ingroup favouritism within the negative domain.
Torque ripple reduction of BLDC motor based on DC bus voltage automatic selection circuit and neutral point clamped three-level inverter control

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The torque ripple of Brushless direct current motor (BLDCM) mainly depends on the commutation torque ripple, while the commutation torque ripple mainly depends on the current fluctuation during commutation. In this paper, the cause of current fluctuation during commutation is analyzed, and an automatic selection circuit based on DC bus voltage and a neutral-point-clamped (NPC) three-level inverter controller is proposed. The motor winding is guaranteed to bear half of the DC bus voltage, and the duty cycle is calculated so that the DC bus voltage at the moment of phase change is in a certain relationship with the back electromotive force (EMF) of the circuit, thus suppressing the current ripple during phase change and achieving the purpose of suppressing torque ripple during phase change.
Understanding the implementation and integration of e-health services

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

We are conducting a multicentre, mixed methods study to examine the attitudes of health professionals to e-health in order to identify strategies to support increased uptake and utilization of e-health services. The first part of the work is a systematic literature review. After searching five electronic databases, a total of 66 review papers were identified which concerned barriers and facilitators to the implementation of e-health. Examination of the main themes from these reviews identified three major types of barriers/facilitators: (1) technology design factors, (2) health professional interactions, and (3) organizational factors. The utilization of e-health technologies by health-care professionals is complex, as demonstrated by the preliminary findings of the literature review.
Administrative Innovation among Ohio Local Government Finance Officers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study centers on a mailed survey of Ohio local government finance officers that recorded a 43% response rate. It seeks to determine the extent to which the represented jurisdictions have adopted innovative administrative management tools and techniques, to identify possible determinants of adoption, and to explore potential outcomes of adoption. The authors conducted a longitudinal analysis to provide for the identification of potential outcomes. they found that Ohio local governments have been less innovative than jurisdictions surveyed in national surveys and that smaller local governments in Ohio tend to be more innovative than larger governments. The authors were unable to identify determinants of adoption or to construct a model of adoption. The article concludes that the adoption of administrative innovations appears to be an idiosyncratic process. Adoption does not appear to lead to greater satisfaction with the quality of the services provided by the respondent's jurisdiction or with the overall efficiency of the service delivery system. However, the adoption of administrative innovations appears to be positively related to fund balances in future years—that is, innovation appears to pay off.
O'Connor's "God, Evil, and Design: An Introduction to the Philosophical Issues Malden" - Book Review

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Review of David O’Connor, God, Evil, and Design: An Introduction to the Philosophical Issues Malden, Mass: Blackwell Publishing, 2008 (viii, 226, with index) ISBN 978-1-4051- 5770-4 (hardcover) ISBN 978-1-4051-5771-1 (pbk)
Knocking on Labor's Door: Union Organizing and the Origins of the New Economic Divide (1968-1985)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Title of dissertation: KNOCKING ON LABOR'S DOOR: UNION ORGANIZING AND THE ORIGINS OF THE NEW ECONOMIC DIVIDE (1968-1985) Anna Lane Windham, Doctor of Philosophy, 2015 Dissertation directed by: Professor Julie Greene, Department of History The 1970s were a pivotal decade for the creation of twenty-first century economic inequality, and the loss of union power was one important driver away from shared U.S. prosperity. Yet why did U.S. labor grow so weak? Much recent scholarship shifts blame for labor's decline to unions and the working class, and asserts that private-sector workers were simply no longer trying to organize by the mid-1970s. The dissertation instead paints the 1970s as a decade of working-class promise and reveals a previously-unstudied wave of half a million workers a year who tried to form unions in the private sector. Many of these workers were the women and people of color who had long been excluded from the nation's best jobs and from some unions, yet who had recently gained new access through Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Once these workers got the coveted jobs, many went knocking on labor's door. This dissertation explains how after World War II union organizing became the narrow door through which workers could access the most secure tier of the U.S. employer-provided social welfare system: collective bargaining. Increased resistance to union organizing among employers by the 1970s, however, thwarted these workers' organizing attempts. When fewer workers could access unions, the stage was set for growing economic precarity and inequality. This dissertation features four case studies: the largest union election ever in the South which was among Newport News, Virginia shipyard workers in 1978; campaigns in 1974 and 1985 by Cannon Mills textile workers in Kannapolis, North Carolina; the 1979 campaign among 5300 department store at Woodward & Lothrop in Washington, DC; and the women office workers' group "9to5" in Boston who forged a new kind of labor organizing. Sources include government statistics, oral history, local and national union records, business organization archives, polling, periodicals and previously unexamined anti-union consultant records.
A New Framework of Distributed Economies : Study on the tourism evolution of Jiuzhai Valley, China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The thesis puts forward a new framework of Distributed Economies (DE) based on summarizing the deficiencies in existing studies. This new framework is utilized to study the tourism evolution of Jiuzhai Valley, China. It is analyzed that tourism development in Jiuzhai Valley has the evolutionary sequence changing from small-scale service units run by the local residents to large-scale, centralized units. Factors, such as institutional arrangement, technology and knowledge limitations, can be seen as explanations for the misbehavors of small-scale businesses at the starting period of tourism. Government played an influential role in bringing about the evolution by direct regulatory policies. It is also concluded that the new framework of DE can deal with a wider range of real-world cases, e.g. tourism in China. In this sense, this new framework shed lights on the improvement of the theoretical framework of DE and the expansion of its study scope. (Less)
Wheat Gluten and Glutenin Thermal Conductivity and Diffusivity at Extruder Temperatures

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Thermal properties (thermal conductivity and diffusivity) of gluten and glutenin were measured in the temperature range 60‐175°typically used in extrusion processing. Thermal conductivity and diffusivity of gluten decreased with increasing temperature and increased with increasing moisture content. Thermal conductivity and diffusivity of glutenin increased with temperature and moisture content. Thermal conductivity of gluten was 0.06‐0.35 W/m‐C and glutenin was 0.29‐0.49 W/m‐C for the temperature range 60‐175°and moisture content range of 0‐30%.
Safety in simultaneous EEG-fMRI at 3 T: temperature measurements

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background In simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), safety of the EEG equipment is ensured by the manufacturer only for localizers and fMRI sequences. To conduct a clinically feasible simultaneous EEG-fMRI study, other sequences, e.g. anatomical and B0-correction sequences, have to be acquired in the same imaging session. Purpose To measure the temperature increase of the electrodes in different size EEG caps in a phantom and volunteers during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences typically used in clinical studies. Material and Methods A phantom with EEG caps of size 52, 56, and 60 was imaged using several sequences in two 3 T MRI scanners to determine the maximum and average temperature increases in the electrodes. Additionally, three volunteer studies were performed for the EEG caps of sizes 56 and 60. The sequences were gradient echo based echo planar imaging sequence, T2-weighted turbo spin echo (T2-TSE), spin echo multiecho for B0-correction, diffusion tensor imaging and T1-weighted 3D sequences. Results In phantom studies the maximum temperature increase was 4.1℃ with a mean of 1.2 ± 1.1℃. In volunteer studies, the maximum temperature measured was 35.6℃ and the maximum temperature rise was 2.1℃ with a mean of 0.9 ± 0.7℃. Both were observed with a T2-TSE sequence. Conclusion The temperature of the electrodes did not exceed the limits set by the IEC 60601-1 standard (43℃) or manufacturer (45℃), thus indicating a safe EEG-fMRI protocol in this respect.
Creating policy guidelines with young mothers in further education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Rationale Support for young mothers who are within the UK education system has been found to be inconsistent and ineffective (Evans & Slowley, 2010; Austerberry & Wiggins, 2007; Bullen et al., 2000) with examples of discrimination and the perpetuation of stereotypes identified by previous researchers (Dawson et al, 2005; Vincent & Thomson, 2010). Despite this, researchers have found that having a child can lead to increased ambition in relation to education and employment, and the negative effects of becoming a parent in adolescence may be mitigated by education (Higginbottom et al., 2006; Smith & Wayman, 2009; Sullivan et al., 2011). This suggested importance of education for young mothers has been met with variability in the amount and quality of support. Aim The current research aimed to create participatory policy guidance, using the experiences of young mothers in further education to illuminate best practice in relation to their successful inclusion. A combined approach using Q methodology and narrative analysis was used with five young women engaged in the UK further education system. Participants individually ranked a set of 41 support strategies, from most useful to least useful. Data from these interviews were analysed for consensus statements and using narrative methods. Findings Consensus statements identified types of support the participants saw as being most useful, and a number of common themes were identified through conversations about their experiences, which placed emphasis on emotional and social support. This commonality was used as the basis for policy guidance, with supporting statements from the young mothers offered as direct evidence. Limitations Sample size was an issue in the current research, the local area seemed to present low numbers of young mothers accessing education. The guidelines are therefore intended for local recommendation, and wider local research would be beneficial. Conclusion The current research has offered one way to approach participatory policy making with a group of young people vulnerable to exclusion. It hopes to offer stimulus to consider other groups of young people, and to look towards how we can make policy creation more person-centred.
Development of Monoclonal Antibody against P36 Protein of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The recombinant bacteria BL21(6P-1-P36), harboring expression plasmid of P36 gene fused with GST gene, were induced with IPTG and disrupted by sonication. After super-centrifugation, the soluble fusion protein GST-P36 was purified by affinity chromatography on Glutathione Sepharose 4B beads. The 8-week-old female BALB/c mice were injected intraperitoneally with 400 μg inclusion bodies containing GST-P36 fusion protein. By using the hybridoma technique,one hybridoma cell line, 5A7-2, secreting specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) was established. The subtype of 5A7-2 was IgG2a, and the titer of its ascitic fluid was about 1∶2.5×106 in indirect ELISA. The immunoblotting result indicated that MAb 5A7-2 could react with 36 000 protein of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae(Mhp) and GST-P36 fusion protein, but could′t bind with GST protein. The results suggested that MAb 5A7-2 was specific to the P36 protein of Mhp. The P36 protein of Mhp carries the species-specific antigenic determinants and don′t share common epitopes with the other mycoplasmas and bacteria. It suggested that MAb 5A7-2 would be very useful for the detection of Mhp infection specifically.