jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of Twin Boundary Motion and Dislocation-Twin Interaction on Mechanical Behavior in Fcc Metals

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The interplay of interface and bulk dislocation nucleation and glide in determining the motion of twin boundaries, slip-twin interaction, and the mechanical (i.e., stress-strain) behavior of fcc metals is investigated in the current work with the help of molecular dynamics simulations. To this end, simulation cells containing twin boundaries are subject to loading in different directions relative to the twin boundary orientation. In particular, shear loading of the twin boundary results in significantly different behavior than in the other loading cases, and in particular to jerky stress flow. For example, twin boundary shear loading along ⟨ 112 ⟩ results in translational normal twin boundary motion, twinning or detwinning, and net hardening. On the other hand, such loading along ⟨ 110 ⟩ results in oscillatory normal twin boundary motion and no hardening. As shown here, this difference results from the different effect each type of loading has on lattice stacking order perpendicular to the twin boundary, and so on interface partial dislocation nucleation. In both cases, however, the observed stress fluctuation and “jerky flow” is due to fast partial dislocation nucleation and glide on the twin boundary. This is supported by the determination of the velocity and energy barriers to glide for twin boundary partials. In particular, twin boundary partial edge dislocations are significantly faster than corresponding screws as well as their bulk counterparts. In the last part of the work, the effect of variable twin boundary orientation in relation to the loading direction is investigated. In particular, a change away from pure normal loading to the twin plane toward mixed shear-normal loading results in a transition of dominant deformation mechanism from bulk dislocation nucleation/slip, to twin boundary motion.
LHD Langmuir8 #160836.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Langmuir probes on divertor plates to investigate divertor plasma parameters and fluctuation characteristics of ion flux near the divertor plates. Total 400 Langmuir probes embedded on 20 divertor plates on each of which 20 electrodes are aligned every 6 mm. Sweeping and sampling frequency is normally 250 kHz.
Fluid substitution and seismic modelling in a sandstone aquifer

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Summary Fluid substitution and seismic modelling were applied in order to evaluate the Paskapoo Formation as a potential CO2 geological storage unit and for the purposes of developing seismic monitoring technology. The first stage of this project deals with the application of the Gassmann substitution model using well data and evaluation of property variations due to CO2 saturation changes. Seismic modelling was undertaken in the area of interest simulating pre, during and post CO2 injection scenarios. From Gassmann calculations it was found that the P-wave velocity decreases between 0 to 20% CO2 saturation and starts to rise subtly at 30% CO2 saturation, whereas the S-wave velocity increases directly proportional to CO2 saturation. In this reservoir, the P-wave velocity decreases approximately 7%, the S-wave velocity increases 0.8 %, Vp/Vs decreases an average value of 8% and the basal reflector of the sandstone reservoir exhibits a time delay of 1.6 msec. From seismic modelling it was found that the injection zone can be delineated in the CDP stack section through an amplitude change the top reflector and a time delay for the basal reflector. The reflectivity was evaluated using the Shuey approximation and qualitative observations of the sections, showing a decrease in the reflectivity with increasing CO2 saturation, with a major drop in the first 10% and a further amplitude decrease with offset (higher incident angles). These parameters allow us to estimate the conditions that would help to interpret the real data in further phases of this study.
A Study on the Factors Affecting Self-Esteem of Middle and High School Students Participating in After-School Beauty Education Program

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Various studies on after-school education have been conducted, and the subject and scope of activities have expanded. Research on beauty education, however, which is one area of after-school education activities, is very little. Since in the past prior studies have shown that beauty education has positive physical and psychological effects, it was expected that after-school beauty education could also have a positive effect on students. A questionnaire survey was conducted for middle and high school students in Gyeonggi Province. The purpose of this study was to compare the difference of major psychological factors between the group participating in an after - school beauty education program alongside a non - participation group and analyzed the factors affecting self - esteem. According to the results of this study, self - esteem, creativity, and personality were higher among the participating student group than that of the students who did not participate. It was also found that the participating students had lower daily stress than the non-participating students.In addition, creativity and resilience were established as independent variables, and the influence of daily stress on self - esteem was analyzed. Self - esteem increased as personality increased, and daily stress showed a moderating effect on creativity and personality. In other words, stress as a moderating variable controls the effect of creativity and personality on self - esteem. Therefore, it can be said that the participation in an after-school beauty education program positively influences students major psychological factors.
Operational Work System Design and Staff Performance in the Nigerian Construction Industry

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Objective: The study investigated the impact of operational work system design on staff performance in selected construction firms in Nigeria. Research Design & Methods: The study used primary data gathered with the use of a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire format administered to 138 respondents. A hypothesis was postulated to test the significance of the research problem. Data analysis was carried out using correlation and multiple regression analysis which proved the significance of the alternative hypothesis as a result of testing the hypothesis. Findings: The findings show that there is a significant relationship between operational work system design and staff performance. The study concludes that operational job design can be advanced as a motivation tool, which is non-monetary in nature, to improve staff performance. Implications & Recommendations: A key drive to improve performance is the satisfaction of staff coupled with an outstanding operational job design which takes into consideration the total physical and mental well-being of staff and its interaction with other organisational factors. The study recommends, among others, that there should be active participation of staff in the design of work in the organisation. Contribution & Value Added: The study provides an empirical approach to enhancing performance in the construction industry and thereby developing an indigenous firm to compete favourably on a growing market.
Rapid genetic diagnosis of patients with non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility of a rapid genetic diagnosis technique in molecular genetics study of hearing loss.Method:One hundred and ten subjects including 54 with moderate to profound non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss were enrolled in this study.All with informed consents.Their peripheral blood samples were taken and tested using Hearing Loss Array Kit developed by Capital Bio.Nine hot mutation sites from 4 high risk genes were tested each.Result:The overall positive rate in this cohort was 50.9%,while the positive rate among 54 hearing loss cases was 59.3%.DNA sequence analysis showed 100% coincident with gene chip results.Conclusion:This Hearing Loss Array Kit(gene chip) has a high positive detection ratio,its characteristics such as rapid high-flux sensitive and high specific make it possible and promising in future screening and diagnosis in patients with sensorineural hearing loss.Molecular genetic diagnosis also has a profound value in deafness prevention.
Groups, Equal Protection and Law

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In retrospect, Owen Fiss's classic article advocating an anti-subordinationist rather than anti-discriminationist interpretation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, was burdened by three missteps, all of them avoidable. First, Fiss accepted rather than resisted or reformed the Supreme Court's "State Action" requirement, unduly compromising the reach of his alternative principle. Second, along with virturally the entire community of constitutional scholars of the 1970s, Fiss assumed that the clause would be enforced by the judiciary against errant legislation, rather than by Congress itself. He accordingly tied the phrase to jurisprudential assumptions and restraints appropriate to adjudicative, court-made and court-centered law that then undercut the logic of an anti-subordinationist (but not anti-discriminatory) interpretation of the Clause. And third, he failed to develop an understanding of the "moral point" of law, of constitutionalism, and of equal protection, which would cleanly imply an anti-subordinationist rather than anti-discriminatory interpretation of the clause. The result is that against an undisturbed background constitutional and legal jurisprudence, even Fiss's powerful articulation and defense of the anti-subordination principle remains an anomolous rather than natural interpretation of the clause. My article first identifies and then briefly attempts to correct these missteps.
Valorization of Yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) By-Product through Application of Subcritical Water Extraction

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the present study, valorization of yarrow (Achillea millefolium) by-product from the filter tea industry was investigated through the application of subcritical water for the extraction of bioactive compounds. The influence of different process parameters (temperature 120–200 °C, extraction time 10–30 min, and HCl concentration in extraction solvent 0–1.5%) on extract quality in terms of content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity was investigated. Optimal conditions of the extraction process (temperature 198 °C, extraction time 16.5 min, and without acidifer) were determined and, when applied, the most efficient exploitation of by-products is achieved, that is, attainment of extracts rich in total phenols and flavonoids and high antioxidant activity. In addition, by applying the high performance liquid chromatographic analysis, the content of chlorogenic acid was determined as well as the hydroxymethylfurfural content in obtained extracts. The results demonstrated that subcritical water can be successfully used for utilization of yarrow by-products for obtaining extracts rich in antioxidants.
A Numerical Model for the Effect of Permeability Change on Faulting During Fluid Injection

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Slip and slip zone development during constant‐rate fluid injection into a permeable fault in an infinite, impermeable elastic rock is studied here numerically using a hydromechanical fracture model. The interplay of slip zone growth and fault dilatancy is assumed to be affected by linear slip weakening of frictional strength and slip‐induced dilation. The discretization error is minimized by using element sizes based on a mesh sensitivity study to obtain accurate slipping and pressurized lengths. Comparisons with published results for large and zero fault permeability cases demonstrate the validity of the numerical results. Dimensional analysis is used to identify five parameters that control slip development, including the slip‐induced dilatancy factor, initial fault permeability, the product of fluid viscosity and injection rate, the background shear to normal stress ratio, and the residual coefficient of friction. Conditions leading a quasi‐static stable slip to either continue as stable aseismic slip or accelerate are discussed. Acceleration of slip occurs on less permeable faults characterized by a hybrid tensile‐shear fracture subject to higher pressure, while prolonged aseismic slip occurs along a more permeable fault subject to lower pressure. During long‐duration aseismic slip the pressure varies slightly around the value that equalizes the fault shear strength and the background shear stress. A permeability perturbation in the form of a sinusoidal fault aperture distribution does not change the tendency of the slip to be slow and stable. Like preexisting permeability, slip‐induced dilation responses play a role in limiting pressure level and extending the slow slip period.
Replication data for: Earnings, Disposable Income, and Consumption of Allowed and Rejected Disability Insurance Applicants

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Two key questions in thinking about the size and growth of the disability insurance program are to what extent it discourages work, and how valuable the insurance is to individuals and families. These questions motivate our paper. We begin by describing the earnings, disposable income, and consumption of awarded and rejected DI applicants, before and after the disability onset and the allowance decision. Next, we discuss how these descriptive results can be interpreted through the lens of alternative empirical approaches. Our analysis uses a Norwegian population panel data set with detailed information about every individual and household.
Involvement of protein kianse C and Ca2+ in angiotensin II-induced mitogenesis of cardiac fibroblasts

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Angiotensin (ANG) II has been previously shown to stimulate proliferation of neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts via AT1 receptors. Here we conducted studies to assess involvement in this process of two second messengers linked to AT1 receptors, protein kinase C (PKC) and Ca2+. Several findings argue against a dominant role for PKC in ANG II-induced mitogenesis: 1) [Sar1]ANG II, which produced a modest, transient increase in PKC activity, was equally effective in inducing thymidine incorporation into DNA in PKC-depleted cells, whereas the effect of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB on thymidine incorporation was reduced to the level observed with [Sar1]ANG II; 2) phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a potent PKC stimulator, was ineffective in stimulating thymidine incorporation; and 3) PKC downregulation or the highly specific PKC inhibitor, compound 3, eliminated PMA-induced mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activity but did not affect comparable increases induced by [Sar1]ANG II or PDGF-BB. Increased intracellular Ca2+ may be sufficient to account for [Sar1]ANG II-induced MAP kinase activity because ionomycin also increased MAP kinase activity and chelation of intracellular Ca2+ eliminated [Sar1]ANG II-induced activity in PKC-depleted fibroblasts. However, Ca2+ chelation did not prevent [Sar1]ANG II-induced MAP kinase activity in non-PKC-depleted fibroblasts. Thus ANG II can activate MAP kinase in cardiac fibroblasts by either Ca(2+)- or PKC-dependent pathways, and whereas the full effect of PDGF-BB on thymidine incorporation and cell proliferation requires a phorbol ester-sensitive PKC, the hyperplastic growth effect of ANG II does not.
Realism as Contramodern Critique

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In "What Is Enlightenment?" Michel Foucault introduces two important concepts. The first of these concepts is that one needs to recognize that we are to some extent historically conditioned by modernity as a process that has determined how we view the world. The second concept is that of an attitude, which orients itself against the progressive teleology and certainties of the modern mindset. Foucault characterizes this contramodern attitude as "an attitude, an ethos, a philosophical life in which the critique of what we are is at one and the same time the historical analysis of the limits that are imposed on us and an experiment with the possibility of going beyond them."2 KeywordsInternational PoliticsPolitical SpaceInternational MoralityIndividual MoralityInternational TheoryThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
A Role for MEK-Interacting Protein 1 (MP1) in Hormone Responsiveness of Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract : The goals of this research are to test the hypothesis that the small scaffold protein MP1 is required for ER function and proliferation of ER- positive breast cancer cells and to characterize the ER/MP1 complex. MP1 expression was inhibited in several breast cancer cell lines by transfection with MP1-targeting siRNAs. The results obtained demonstrate that MP1 is required for the survival of ER-positive MCF-7 cells but not ER-negative MDA-MB-231 cells. This suggests that the requirement for MP1 may be specific to ER-positive cells in which case it could provide a novel target for treatment of this class of breast tumor. To facilitate studying the ER/MP1 complex a Flag-MP1 gene has been cloned and reconstituted into a retrovirus vector. Cells infected with this virus efficiently express the Flag-MP1 gene for at least 9 days and stable cell lines containing this construct are currently being selected for use in characterizing a novel ER/MP1 complex.
New Therapy Update

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Dyrenium® (triamterene, GlaxoSmithKline) is a potassium-sparing diuretic used in the treatment of edema associated with congestive heart failure, liver cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, and use of steroids or secondary hyperaldosteronism. The drug is also used in combination with other diuretics in the treatment of hypokalemia and hypertension. Triamterene inhibits the reabsorption of sodium in exchange for potassium and hydrogen in the distal tubule. The action of the drug is under the control of mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) activity. The more sodium reaching the distal tubule, the stronger the diuretic effect and potassium conservation. After oral administration, the drug is rapidly absorbed. The onset of action is in 2–4 hours, and peak effect occurs after several days of therapy. The duration of action is 7–9 hours. 80% of the drug is metabolized in the liver and 50% is excreted in the urine. The plasma half-life is 1.5–2.5 hours. The drug is contraindicated in patients with anuria or severe, progressive renal disease and diabetic nephropathy. It should not be given to patients with severe hepatic dysfunction. It should not be used in patients with elevated potassium levels or patients already taking another potassium-sparing diuretic. During triamterene administration, blood pressure, urine output, weight, and serum electrolytes should be monitored. Arrhythmias, orthostatic hypotension, and angina are the most common adverse cardiac reactions. Dehydration, fatigue, muscle cramps, nausea, and diarrhea are other reported adverse effects. The drug should not be used with other potassium-sparing diuretics, such as spironolactone and amiloride. Care must be taken when the drug is administered with other potassium-sparing agents, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor-blocking agents. Drug interactions have been reported with lithium, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, and cardiac glycosides. Triamterene can raise blood glucose levels in patients with adult-onset diabetes mellitus. Concomitant use of the drug with chlorpropamide can increase the risk of hyponatremia. The drug can be used in pregnancy if clearly indicated; it is not recommended during breast feeding. The usual starting dose is 100 mg/b.i.d. after meals. The daily dosage should not exceed 300 mg. Once symptoms of edema are controlled, the dosage can be reduced to administration every other day or to 50 mg/day. When triamterene is used in combination with other kaluretic diuretics, the initial dosage is 25 mg/day, with increases as needed to a maximum dose of 100 mg/day. Dyrenium® is a familiar potassium-sparing diuretic used in the treatment of symptomatic edema of various etiologies. The drug can also be used in combination with other diuretics in the treatment of hypertension. Monitoring of electrolytes is important to ensure its safe use.
Republican Demystification in Politics for the People and Blake’s Songs of Experience

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In a passage from Political Justice (1793) that Thomas Spence reprinted in his one-penny periodical Pigs' Meat, William Godwin argues that 'it must be laid down as a first principle, that monarchy is founded in imposture.' 'To conduct this imposture with success,' he continues, 'it is necessary to bring over to its party our eyes and our ears,' to 'dazzle our sense and mislead our judgment.'1 Central to this monarchical project, Thomas Paine asserts in Rights of Man (1791–92), were 'those songs and toasts which are calculated to enslave, and operate to suffocate reflection.'2 Counter-songs of demystification, accordingly, played a key role in the republican campaign against 'kingcraft.' The republican poems I examine in this chapter, William Blake's Songs of Experience (1794) and a group of anonymous 'New Songs' published in D. I. Eaton's Politics for the People (1793–95), are united by their efforts to depict and prompt an epistemo-logical liberation from what Blake calls 'mind-forg'd manacles.'3KeywordsMoral VirtueRepublican PoliticsEnglish PoetryNational AnthemChimney SweeperThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
DEEPWATER FIXED PLATFORMS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

During the last few years there has been a trend towards using fixed platforms in deeper waters. In the North Sea concrete gravity platforms have been a success at the moderate water depths in which platforms have been installed up to now. The challenge when it comes to developing the deeper part of the North Sea, will be the combination of deep water, difficult environment, and poor soil conditions that exist in most of the Norwegian Trench. for some years Norsk Hydro has been involved in the development of deepwater fixed platforms to be used in difficult environments in areas with poor soil conditions. This work has shown that there are still potentials for improvement of platform designs. The Norsk Hydro technical staff have developed the piled deepwater steel platforms HYDEEP and HYLIGHT. In co-operation with VERITEC Norsk Hydro have also designed the concrete gravity platform MALFRID. .