jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Investigating Cascaded Face Quality Assessment for Practical Face Recognition System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recently, the development of practical face recognition (FR) system has received much attention. Despite of its extensive study, the FR performance could be severely degraded in real-life scenario (e.g., CCTV surveillance), due to uncontrolled face image conditions of pose/alignment, blur, and brightness. This paper proposes new automated face quality assessment (FQA) framework built-in to a practical FR system. In the proposed framework, three quality factors in face images are rapidly evaluated owing to a cascaded classification. Only face images that have been verified by the FQA are used in recognition phase. Our experiment shows that the cascaded FQA can successfully discard face images that could negatively affect FR.
Household food insecurity after the early monsoon flash flood of 2017 among wetland (Haor) communities of northeastern Bangladesh: a cross‐sectional study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The livelihoods of wetland (Haor) communities living in northeastern region of Bangladesh are largely dependent on agriculture. Unseasonably heavy rainfall in Haor basin and upstream Indian catchments triggered a devastating early monsoon flash flood in Haor basin at the beginning of April in 2017, which destroyed the nearly ready‐to‐harvest annual rice crop and resulted in significant income loss of Haor dwellers. The present study aims at assessing post‐flood household food insecurity and the factors associated with it in the aftermath of this flash flood. A cross‐sectional study design was adopted, and a survey covering 1845 flood‐affected households was conducted to measure the post‐flood household food insecurity. A set of questionnaires was adopted from Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) to assess the level of household food insecurity, and a modified poisson regression model was used to identify the risk factors of household food insecurity. A staggering 62% of the surveyed households were found food insecure following the flash flood. Being ultra‐poor, loss of livestock in flood, household head's occupation being natural resource‐based, and household reliance on market purchase of food were identified as significant risk factors of post‐flood household food insecurity. Household being headed by relatively younger, educated people, and household owning agricultural land were found to be protective against post‐flood food insecurity. Therefore, post‐flood emergency programs, especially the food assistance programs should be designed prioritizing these most food insecure groups instead of considering household poverty as the only selection criteria. As a long‐term plan, a multi‐sectoral approach focusing on disaster risk reduction by taking into account the risk of disaster‐induced food insecurity is essential to reduce the vulnerability of wetland communities.
Radix mesiolingualis and radix distolingualis in a collection of permanent maxillary molars

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Two lingual root structures are occasionally found on human permanent maxillary molars. One of these is the normal lingual root, which is always present, the other is a supernumerary structure which can be located either mesiolingually (radix mesiolingualis (RML)) or distolingually (radix distolingualis (RDL)). The available literature refers only to the existence and location of RML and RDL Very small materials have, quite simply, hitherto precluded a more detailed description of these roots. The large collection of extracted teeth at the School of Dentistry in Copenhagen now includes a non-random subcollection of 145 permanent maxillary molars, the root complex of which contains 2 lingual root structures. Based on this material it was possible to undertake a modern, systematic analysis of the macromorphological variation of RMLs and RDLs. In this study, which was mainly non-metric, criteria for the identification of RML and RDL were established. The analysis also showed that the lingual supernumerary roots were only rarely found on the first molar, but with increasing frequency on the second and third molars. Both separate and non-separate RML and RDL were observed. In the material, degrees of separation greater than 0.9 were registered, degrees of divergence up to approximately 45 degrees, an apical bend of approximately 90 degrees, and extreme apical slenderness. Even though the supernumerary roots described here do not occur very often, knowing about them is nevertheless clinically relevant in for example endodontic and surgical contexts.
Learning video preferences from video content

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Viewers of video now have more choices than ever. As the number of choices increases, the task of searching through these choices to locate video of interest is becoming more difficult. Current methods for learning a viewer's preferences in order to automate the search process rely either on video having content descriptions or on having been rated by other viewers identified as being similar. However, much video exists that does not meet these requirements. To address this need, we use hidden Markov models to learn the preferences of a viewer by combining visual features and closed captions. Results are provided from some initial experiments using this approach.
Simulation-driven Design of a Fast Monohull

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A fast monohull has been designed and optimized within the European R&D project AutoPlan (www.auto-plan.net),using CAESES for parametric modeling and optimization coupled to Siemens Simcenter STAR-CCM+ for viscous free surface RANS simulations.The boat is a 9.5ton planing hull, featuring two tunneled propellers, conventional shafts, I-brackets and rudders.The optimizations were undertaken for thrust at design speed of 27.5kn.The boat was free to trim and rise, utilizing an overset grid along with free surface adaptive mesh refinement which gave a good comprise between high resolution and acceptable turn-around time per variant.Propulsion was taken into account via an actuator disc, balancing resistance and thrust for given propeller open-water characteristics.The geometry of the bare hull and the tunnel were varied during the optimizations, using fully-parametric models within CAESES, see Fig 1.
Social Entrepreneurship Versus Intrapreneurship in the German Social Welfare State

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Germany is a classic example of a conservative welfare state. The production of social services is characterized by a deeply rooted tradition of corporatist governance, in which the “market” has wielded only marginal influence. Since the late 1990s, these corporatist arrangements have been challenged by the growing pressure for marketization; at the same time, a new discourse on social entrepreneurship and innovation has gained importance. This article examines the empirical impact of the social entrepreneurship movement in two domains: old-age care and youth welfare. We discuss the potential role of social entrepreneurship in these fields and argue for a realistic view of the potential for new actors in established governance arrangements. Our observations lead us to conclude that social innovation has developed not primarily as the result of challenges from new actors but rather from intrapreneurship: social innovations originating from within the established organizational field.
Effects of varying reinforcement schedule, reward current, and pretrial priming stimulation on discrete-trial performance for brain stimulation reward

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The present study determined the effects of independently varying the reward current, the fixed ratio reinforcement schedule, and the amount of pretrial priming stimulation on reward summation functions collected in a discrete-trial self-stimulation paradigm. Rats were trained to respond eight times to receive a single train of brain-stimulation reward following the pretrial delivery of 10 trains of priming stimulation. The number of pulses in the reward train was decreased after every 12 trials, and reward summation functions were derived, relating response speed to reward strength. These reward summation functions were shifted laterally by varying the reward current or the fixed-ratio reinforcement schedule. In contrast, decreasing the priming yielded a transient decrease in the asymptotic response speeds and failed to produce enduring lateral shifts in the reward summation functions. Thus, the effects of changing the reinforcement schedule were not likely due to changes in priming. Rather, the schedule of reinforcement appeared to interact with the neural signal produced by the rewarding stimulation to determine the magnitude of the rewarding effect.
Adult polycystic liver disease presenting as portal hypertension.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease is a systemic hereditary disorder associated with cyst formation in the ductal organs such as the kidney and liver. Multiple massive cysts are typically found in multiparous women. Portal hypertension as a presenting manifestation is very rare but may be caused by associated hepatic fibrosis or massive hepatic replacement of liver by the cysts. Two cases of adult polycystic liver disease, one in uniparous female and another in a 45-year-old male, both presenting with portal hypertension and without any demonstrable fibrosis in the liver, are reported here.
Does the availability of either B cells or CD4+ cells limit germinal centre formation?

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

To determine whether the availability of either B cells or T cells regulates the number and size of germinal centres observed following antigenic challenge, irradiated PVG rats were reconstituted with limiting numbers of thoracic duct B cells (with excess T cells) or with limiting numbers of thoracic duct CD4+ cells (with sufficient B cells). Germinal centre formation was measured histologically in the spleens of reconstituted rats 7 days after immunization with 2 x 10(9) sheep erythrocytes (at the height of the germinal centre reaction). Although reconstitution with B cells and antigen alone, or with thymocytes and antigen alone, produced no germinal centres, saturating numbers of germinal centres on the order observed for normal, non-irradiated rats were observed in irradiated rats reconstituted with only 10(7) B cells and 5 x 10(6) CD4+ cells. Germinal centres in the spleens of minimally reconstituted rats were also comparable in size to those observed in normal rats. Reconstitution with either 4 x 10(7) thoracic duct lymphocytes (including 2 x 10(7) B cells, as well as CD8+ and CD4+ cells) or with 4 x 10(7) thoracic duct lymphocytes and 2 x 10(8) thymocytes also led to saturating numbers of germinal centres. It is concluded therefore that (i) CD4+ cells are sufficient for the T-cell contribution required for germinal centre formation, and (ii) some factor other than the availability of B cells or CD4+ cells normally limits germinal centre formation.
A Simple Displacement Aptamer Assay on Resistive Pulse Sensor for Small Molecule Detection

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A universal aptamer-based sensing strategy is proposed using DNA modified nanocarriers and Resistive Pulse Sensing for the rapid and label free detection of small molecules. The surface of a magnetic nanocarrier was first modified with a ssDNA aka linker which is designed to be partially complimentary in sequence to a ssDNA aptamer. The aptamer and linker form a stable dsDNA complex on the nanocarriers surface. Upon the addition of the target molecule, a conformational change takes place where the aptamer preferentially binds to the target over the linker; causing the aptamer to be released into solution. The RPS measures the change in velocity of the nanocarrier as its surface changes from dsDNA to ssDNA, and its velocity is used as a proxy for the concentration of the target. We illustrate the versatility of the assay by demonstrating the detection of the antibiotic Moxifloxacin, and chemotherapeutics Imatinib and Irinotecan.
Research on Contactless Bio-Signal Measurement Technology for Improving Social Awareness of Individuals with Communication Challenges

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Youth and adults with autism spectrum disorder have poor skills such as communication, qualitative interaction, and emotional expression resulting in low social awareness. In this paper, we propose and explore a contactless bio-signal measurement and functional contents for improving social awareness of individuals with communication challenges. We implemented four individual methods for collecting and analyzing the bio data of the individuals without requiring their attention: (1) heart rate, (2) respiration, (3) facial expression, and (4) interaction. The four techniques are all based on image data received and analyzed from a normal web camera. The data were analyzed in a real-time, fully functional algorithm: implementing the algorithm on a mobile device will require future work. However, we have evaluated our method by developing a functional content including the four methods. Based on the analysis of the collected data from the content and qualitative responses from the field, the contactless bio-signal measurement technology combined with friendly designed user interfaces for the individuals with communication challenges could train them to improve their social awareness.
Unraveling Perceived Ethnic Density Effects and Recontextualizing Acculturation: The cases of Student and Russian-Speaking Immigrants to Montreal

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Social context has often been neglected in recent social and culturally focused psychology research (Oishi, Keisibir, & Snyder, 2009; Van de Vijver & Leung, 2000). The immigrant acculturation literature is no exception. Research linking acculturation to adjustment has been permeated with inconsistent results, partly due to differences in methodologies, settings, and samples between studies (see Trickett Persky & Espino, 2009). A potential avenue towards resolving these inconsistencies is to study acculturation in ecological context. Ethnic Density (ED), the concentration of immigrants of the same ethnicity residing in an area, is one such ecological variable. ED has generally been associated with better mental health, but again there are paradoxical findings and the mechanisms of the ED effect are rarely addressed (Shaw et al., 2012). Since ED and acculturation phenomena are seldom combined in research (cf. Kwag, Jang, & Chiriboga, 2012) an attempt was made to remedy this situation in the current investigations.
Two studies attempted to unpack the mediating mechanisms of the perceived local area ED effect and contextualize acculturation-adjustment relations in Montreal. The first, utilizing a heterogeneous group of student immigrants (N=146), found that ED protected participants against depression via reduced discrimination. Furthermore, ED moderated the relation between heritage acculturation and depression, suggesting a person-environment match: immigrants tended to benefit from heritage acculturation living in a high but not low ED context. The second, a community study of Russian-speaking immigrants from the former Soviet Union (N=269), aimed to replicate and extend these findings. A multi-item measure of perceived ED was developed and validated against an objective indicator. Again, an indirect effect of ED was found, but this time for general distress through acquiring social support. Moreover, heritage acculturation was double moderated by perceived ED and length of neighbourhood residence. This interaction indicated an ethnic density-heritage acculturation match but for more recent neighbourhood residents. A different relation emerged for established neighbourhood residents, where low ED was associated with more symptoms, especially for those low on heritage culture affiliation. In neither study did mainstream acculturation interact with ED to predict adjustment. The findings support studying acculturation in ecological context, and suggest that heritage acculturation is relevant to adjustment in Montreal, a unique city with more than one dominant culture. Future research directions as well as clinical and prevention implications are discussed.
Marriage Equality Blues: Method and Mess around the Australian Marriage Law Postal Survey

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines the attitudes and experiences of participants in the 2017 Australian Marriage Law Postal Survey through an interdisciplinary collaboration joining insights from the humanities and social sciences. Prior analyses of the Survey results, both in academic scholarship and media commentary, have focused on particular social characteristics of those who supported or opposed the legalisation of same-sex marriage. Building on this foundation, we analyse the differential attitudes and experiences of heterosexual and non-heterosexual participants who voted – or declined to vote – in the Survey. Our analysis draws on original data from a representative survey of Australian voters conducted in 2019 in which we asked participants to reflect on their reasons for voting, their experience of the campaign and their attitudes towards the result. Our data indicate that heterosexual and non-heterosexual voters had distinct and different experiences of the Survey and were motivated to participate for different reasons. The statistical evidence also prompts further reflection on qualitative and quantitative methodologies and the role they play in describing social experience.
Synthesis of 6‐quinoxalin‐2,3‐14C2‐amine and derivatives via ethanedial‐1,2‐14C2

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract High specific activity ethanedial‐1,2‐ 14 C 2 has been prepared in 74% radiochemical yield by oxidation of paraldehyde‐ 14 C 6 with selenious acid. The crude ethanedial‐ 14 C 2 was directly condensed with 1, 2, 4‐benzenetriamine dihydrochloride in aqueous sodium carbonate giving 6‐quinoxal in‐2,3‐ 14 C 2 ‐amine in 56% yield. The quinoxaline was brominated and then converted to its isothiocyanate by reaction with thiophosgene. The isothiocyanate was directly converted to 5‐bromo‐6‐(2‐imidazol in‐2‐ylamino) quinoxaline‐2,3‐ 14 C 2 by reaction with ethylenediamine in refluxing 1: 1 methanol toluene. The overall radiochemical yield was 11% from paraldehyde‐ 14 C 6 .
Quantifier scope in sentence prosody?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Logical scope interpretation and sentence prosody exhibit intricate, yet scarcely studied interrelations across a variety of languages and constructions. Despite these observable interrelations, it is not clear whether quantifier scope by itself is able to directly affect prosodic form. Information structure is a key potential confounding factor, as it appears to richly interact both with scope interpretation and with prosodic form. To address this complication, the current study investigates, based on data from Hungarian, whether quantifier scope is expressed prosodically if information structure is kept in check. A production experiment is presented that investigates grammatically scope ambiguous doubly quantified sentences with varied focus structures, while lacking a syntactically marked topic or focus. In contrast to the information structural manipulation, which is manifest in the analysis of the acoustic data, the results reveal no prosodic effect of quantifier scope, nor the interaction of scope with information structure. This finding casts doubt on the notion that logical scope can receive direct prosodic expression, and it indirectly corroborates the restrictive view instead that scope interpretation is encoded in prosody only in cases in which it is a free rider on information structure.
Draft Genome Sequence of Weissella soli Strain DB-2, Isolated from Nukadoko

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Weissella soli strain DB-2 is a lactic acid bacterium that was isolated from nukadoko in Japan. We report the draft genome sequence of Weissella soli strain DB-2 to determine the presence of the genes responsible for exopolysaccharide biosynthesis, with the aim of further probiotic evaluation.
Analysis of spontaneous, user‐generated data about gestational diabetes on online forums: implications for diabetes prevention

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aims To explore the experiences and perceptions of gestational diabetes mellitus reported by women within online parental‐support forums and, specifically, to analyse what women say about a diagnosis of gestational diabetes, their future risk of type 2 diabetes, and lifestyle behaviour for management of gestational diabetes and prevention of type 2 diabetes. Methods The discussion boards of two parenting websites (Mumsnet and Netmums) were searched using the search term 'gestational diabetes or GD' in February 2019. Relevant posts made by users with gestational diabetes on or after 1 January 2017 were retained for analysis. Framework analysis using pre‐existing framework from a previous study was used to organize and analyse the data. Results A total of 646 posts generated by 282 unique users were included in the analysis. Analysis of the online content identified three important implicit messages that may be being conveyed to readers. The first is that gestational diabetes is not a serious diagnosis that warrants undue concern. Secondly, few users recognized the importance of their own behaviours or lifestyle, with others minimizing personal responsibility or attributing gestational diabetes to non‐modifiable factors. Finally, there was a lack of acknowledgment of heightened risk of type 2 diabetes. These three messages will all directly mitigate against the efforts of clinicians (and others) to encourage women with gestational diabetes to improve their lifestyle behaviours in the longer term. Conclusions These findings highlight messages that are being widely disseminated and that are unlikely to support prevention of type 2 diabetes.
IMPROVING STUDENTS’S DESCRIPTIVE SPEAKING COMPETENCE BY USING CUE CARDS AT THE GRADE VIII 2 OF PUBLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL 03 BENGKULU CITY

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This classroom action research was carried for implementing cue cards as the teaching media to improve students’ descriptive speaking in class VIII 2 of SMPN 3 Bengkulu City. This research was focused on: (1) the improvement of students’ descriptive speaking competence by using cue cards and (2) the investigation of factors involved in the improvement of students’ descriptive speaking competence by using cue cards. This research was implemented to 36 students (19 female and 17 male) registered in this class. The progress was measured by speaking test and some supporting data such as observation checklist, field note, and interview. The result of the research indicated the progress of students’ descriptive speaking by using cue cards. Students in this class were not good in speaking performances could be affected by the lack of other English skills. In action phase of the two cycles, students made a lot of mistakes in grammar and were lack of vocabulary mastery. The factors influenced in improving students’ descriptive speaking competence were students’ English proficiency: integrated skills and language element (pronunciation, grammatical comprehension, vocabulary mastery, and fluency), thinking ability, attitude along the treatment. The research concluded that the improvement did not achieve the level of satisfaction as expected. Secondly the factors influenced were integrated skills, language element, thinking ability and attitude.