jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Building the Evidence Base to Inform Planned Intervention Adaptations by Practitioners Serving Health Disparity Populations

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Many evidence-based interventions (EBIs) have been developed to prevent or treat major health conditions. However, many EBIs have exhibited limited adoption, reach, and sustainability when implemented in diverse community settings. This limitation is especially pronounced in low-resource settings that serve health disparity populations. Often, practitioners identify problems with existing EBIs originally developed and tested with populations different from their target population and introduce needed adaptations to make the intervention more suitable. Although some EBIs have been extensively adapted for diverse populations and evaluated, most local adaptations to improve fit for health disparity populations are not well documented or evaluated. As a result, empirical evidence is often lacking regarding the potential effectiveness of specific adaptations practitioners may be considering. We advocate an expansion in the emphasis of adaptation research from researcher-led interventions to research that informs practitioner-led adaptations. By presenting a research vision and strategies needed to build this area of science, we aim to inform research that facilitates successful adaptation and equitable implementation and delivery of EBIs that reduce health disparities.
Observations of Experimental Research on Oscillating Linear Drives for Small Piston Compressors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Electric drives provided with an oscillating reluctance or synchronous linear motor and intended to be used in small piston compressors are inherently electromechanical systems. Exclusively electronic control of the drives, based upon special inductance or capacitive methods of measurement of the clearance volume of the driven compressor, enables automatic regulation of the clearance volume to reach the required nominal value or its control, depending upon superior automatic regulation of the output pressure difference, of flow volume (in air compressors) or of the reference temperature of the cooled place (in refrigerating compressors) to the required value. The long-term experimental investigation of research prototypes with the compressors with both types of finely tuned block mechanisms of linear motors of both types enables present-day knowledge to be presented concerning the behaviour and operating and advantageous properties of the developed systems. This experimental research confirmed the favourable influence of the simplified design of the compressors and of electronic control upon the improvement and new possibilities in the construction and also in the application of the compressors.
Risk factors for hospital-acquired and community-acquired pressure injuries: a multicentre mixed case–control study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives To separately examine and comprehensively compare the risk factors for hospital-acquired (HAPIs) and community-acquired pressure injuries (CAPIs). Design A mixed case–control study. Setting Four medical centres in China. Participants Inclusion criteria included patients who were (1) aged ≥18 years on admission; (2) admitted between January 2014 and December 2018, and (3) diagnosed with HAPIs (cases) or with no HAPIs (controls) during hospitalisation in the HAPIs study, and confirmed with CAPIs (cases) or with no PIs (controls) on admission in the CAPIs study. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) admitted for childbirth, psychiatric reasons or rehabilitation; (2) admitted for observation; (3) transferred from another hospital and (4) confirmed to have suffered PIs from previous hospitalisations in the CAPIs study. In total, 320 cases and 1657 controls were included in the HAPIs study, and 1763 cases and 1786 controls were included in the CAPIs study. Primary and secondary outcome measures The outcome variable was the occurrence of PIs. Results The existence of PIs or scars from previous PIs on admission, presence of forced posture, use of medical devices and surgery during hospitalisation were found to be independent risk factors for HAPIs, as evidenced by the corresponding OR and 95% CI values of 51.931 (34.241 to 78.763), 2.006 (1.405 to 2.864), 3.226 (1.709 to 6.089) and 2.161 (1.452 to 3.215), respectively. Age, sex, Braden rating and diabetes were found to be independent risk factors for CAPIs, as evidenced by the corresponding OR and 95% CI values of 1.031 (1.026 to 1.036), 0.810 (0.698 to 0.941), 1.235 (1.167 to 1.307) and 2.059 (1.332 to 3.184), respectively. Conclusions The existence of PIs or scars from previous PIs on admission, presence of forced posture, use of medical devices and surgery during hospitalisation are suggested to be included as independent items for the risk assessment of PIs, together with the Braden scale. The Braden rating plays different roles in the development of CAPIs and HAPIs.
On 3‐D wavefront construction by adaptive re‐tiling

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1996On 3‐D wavefront construction by adaptive re‐tilingAuthors: Toshi ChangAlistair DownieToshi ChangCogniSeis Development, Inc. and Alistair DownieCogniSeis Development, Inc.https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1826733 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1826733FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1996ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1996 Pages: 2106 publication data© 1996 Copyright © 1996 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Toshi Chang and Alistair Downie, (1996), "On 3‐D wavefront construction by adaptive re‐tiling," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 658-661. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1826733 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Individual rights in Schleiermacher’s limited communitarian state

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In his lectures on ethics and on the state Schleiermacher develops a theory of a limited communitarian state, one that purports to balance individual interests and rights with the more general aims of the state. I defend Schleiermacher against recent objections to his theory: first, that he subordinates individual rights to the advancement of the state, and second, and relatedly, that he tends to collectivize rights and freedom. The first objection overlooks Schleiermacher's account of rational action. An analysis of Schleiermacher's account of practical rationality reveals that individual rights are inscribed within the intersubjectively grounded, normative structure of rational action. This answers the first objection. I argue that the second objection turns on a conception of individuality Schleiermacher rejects and ignores his arguments against the view of individuality the objection imposes on him. Thus, the objection that Schleiermacher has a deflationary view of individual rights fails.
Effect of Sacoglottis gabonensis (Urban humiraceae) stem bark extract, a palm wineadditive on the rabbit jejunum

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The crude extract from Sacoglottis gabonensis (Urban Humiriaceae) stem bark was prepared using standard method. The jejunum of the rabbit was obtained through dissection. About 2-3cm3 of the isolated jejunum was mounted in an organ bath containing Tyrode solution at 37oc ±1oc.These investigation was carried out on the isolated jejunum. Result showed that the extract induce relaxation effect on the intestinal motility of the isolated rabbit jejunum, whereas the standard drug acetylcholine induced contraction effect. The log- dose response curve for the extract shows that at higher concentration of the added extract the response is lower, while in the case of the standard drug, the trend was reversed, thus increase in drug concentration increases the intestinal motility of the isolated rabbit jejunum, with increase in amplitude. From the result it is likely that the extract may cause diarrhea and the standard drug causes constipation.
Quiz: Does Pamidronate Increase Survival in Myeloma With Bony Involvement?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Are you up to date on the NCCN guidelines for multiple myeloma? And do you know the best way to treat a 66-year-old patient with a lytic rib mass that shows infiltration by kappa light chain restricted plasma cells on core needle biopsy? Test your knowledge in our latest quiz.
Tracking Ultrafast Energy Flow in Molecules Using Broadly Tunable Few-Optical-Cycle Pulses

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Many (bio) molecules, following light absorption, undergo ultrafast nonradiative decay processes, taking place over timescales of tens to hundreds of femtoseconds. Ultrafast optical spectroscopy allows tracking in real time this energy flow using broadly tunable few-optical-cycle light pulses. Optical parametric amplifiers, thanks to their broad and tunable gain bandwidths, are powerful tools for the generation of such pulses. This paper first reviews our work on broadband optical parametric amplifiers, which led to the demonstration of few-optical-cycle sub-10-fs pulses continuously tunable from the visible (500 nm) to the near-IR (2 μm). We then present selected examples of applications to ultrafast spectroscopy of molecules, such as isomerization of rhodopsin, carotenoid-bacteriochlorophyll energy transfer in light-harvesting complexes, and polymer-fullerene electron transfer in blends for organic photovoltaics.
Neurochemical Profiles of Prefrontal Cortex and Hypothalamus at 3 and 7 T During Controlled Euglycemia: Evaluation in a Cohort With Type 1 Diabetes

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT With the increasing adoption of ultrahigh‐field MRI scanners, there is a growing interest in migrating MRS studies from 3 to 7 T. Prior field comparisons of MRS in healthy volunteers demonstrated better reliability of quantification at 7 T, particularly for weakly represented metabolites. Neurochemical quantification has not been compared at 3 T versus 7 T in clinical cohorts and under controlled physiological conditions. In this exploratory study, we analyzed MRS data from the hypothalamus and prefrontal cortex volumes of interest (VOIs) that were collected from the same individuals with Type 1 diabetes at 3 and 7 T as a part of a larger study investigating cerebral responses to glycemic changes. Seventeen individuals underwent MRS during euglycemic clamps at both 3 T and 7 T, allowing us to compare metabolite concentrations obtained at the two fields with a consensus‐recommended short‐echo semi‐LASER protocol under the same physiological conditions. Our aim was to examine whether there are systematic biases in neurochemical concentrations measured at 3 T versus 7 T and to assess whether creatine (tCr) ratios would reduce or eliminate such biases. High‐quality spectra were obtained from both VOIs and fields, with 8–15 reliably quantified (mean Cramér–Rao lower bounds ≤ 20%) metabolites from LCModel. Whereas neurochemical profiles were highly similar between 3 and 7 T, several metabolites exhibited systematic differences with water‐referenced quantifications, such as glucose + taurine (Glc + Tau) and phosphoethanolamine. Quantifications with tCr as reference did not alleviate the biases and, in fact, resulted in a larger number of significant differences due to systematic biases in the tCr concentration. Pearson correlation analysis showed significant associations for several metabolites between 3 and 7 T, suggesting that interindividual differences in neurochemical levels are detectable. Associations were stronger when using tCr ratios. Importantly, hypothalamic Glc + Tau showed a strong correlation between fields at these tightly regulated euglycemic conditions, opening the possibility to detect individualized glucose concentrations in this brain region that participates in the regulation of blood glucose levels.
A critical realist return to natural science: The case of biting midges and their symbiotic bacteria

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A case study is provided of the investigation of biting flying insects that are vectors for some infectious diseases in animals and humans. This is offered as an insider account from the author and it traces the challenges and messiness of doing research in practice. The account illuminates a range of matters that can be understood productively, using critical realism as a meta-theoretical resource. These include the challenges for a neophyte researcher joining a pre-exiting ongoing line of scientific inquiry, dealing with existing fallible knowledge, working between open systems in the field and the closed system of the laboratory and the necessity of working in interdisciplinary networks. These are discussed in order to highlight the antecedent condition of possibility for the research reported and its implications for human and animal health.
Contributors to college women's career decision-making self -efficacy: Support, barriers, and coping

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

While over half of the American work-force is female, women continue to face unique barriers to their career development including sexism, the glass ceiling, lower salaries than men, exclusion from the old boys' network, invisibility, and sexual harassment. Moreover, substantial gender gaps in career achievement continue to exist. For example, women are still significantly underrepresented in leadership roles as well as math and science related career fields. Consequently, it is important to elucidate factors that may promote women's career development and minimize barriers and gender inequity. Because women have special career needs and concerns, college-age females in the process of career preparation and exploration are a vital population to study. Consequently, this study focused on variables potentially related to college women's career decision-making self-efficacy (CDMSE). Specifically, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients were calculated to test hypotheses regarding anticipated relationships between women's social support, perception of educational barriers, and coping efficacy. As predicted, social support was found to have a significant and positive relationship with coping efficacy, while barriers were found to have a significant and inverse relationship with coping. Three separate hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to test additional hypotheses. As predicted, coping efficacy and social support had positive relationships with CDMSE, while perception of educational barriers had an inverse relationship with CDMSE. Coping efficacy, social support, and perception of educational barriers were each found to be a significant, individual predictor of college women's CDMSE. The present study also provided a discussion of its research findings in light of the current literature, as well as study limitations, implications for practice, and recommendations for further research. It is hoped that the current research findings, as well as those of future studies, will be utilized to enhance career services for women.
Extraction and properties of flavonoids from Eucommia ulmoides leaves

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Total flavonoids from Eucommia ulmoides leaves was extracted by the ultrasonic method.The extraction was purified by polyamide chromatography with different elution including 15%,30%,55% ethanol solution.Then,with the rotary evaporation and vacuum freeze-drying,the powder sample of S1,S2 and S3 was got.then testing flavonoid content with rutin as the standard and antioxidation activity with Vc and rutin as the standard.The results shows:Eucommia ulmoides leaves contain flavonoids.Polyamide has the ability to purify flavonoids.The strength order of antioxidant capacity is for VcRutinS1S2S3.
Mandibular third molar autotransplantation in a 15-year-old patient: five-year radiographic and clinical follow-up case report

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Tooth autotransplantation is a possible treatment option for the replacement of extracted permanent teeth damaged due to caries, trauma, and malformations. This method offers a quick and economical solution when a donor tooth is available to replace a non-restorable tooth. The purpose of this case report is to present a unique case of mandibular third molar autotransplantation performed in a 15-year-old patient, with five-year radiographic and clinical follow-up. Case report: A 15-year-old female patient presented with her parents to the emergency room at Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Regional Hospital, complaining of unbearable toothache following a previous dental filling. Intraoral examination revealed tooth 46 with a glass ionomer cement (GIC) restoration, a positive percussion test, and no history of swelling. An orthopantomogram (OPG) examination showed a radiolucent area at the apex of tooth 46. Impacted tooth 48 was observed with periodontal tissue in good condition and an incompletely formed root. Autotransplantation was performed using tooth 48 after the extraction of tooth 46. At the five-year follow-up appointment after treatment, tooth 48 remained stable and fully functional, with no complications such as mobility or infection. Conclusion: Tooth autotransplantation is an effective option for replacing missing teeth in young patients. Long-term success can be achieved with appropriate patient selection, atraumatic surgical technique, and careful postoperative care.
How many disjoint 2‐edge paths must a cubic graph have?

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this paper we show that every simple cubic graph on n vertices has a set of at least ⌈ n /4 ⌉ disjoint 2‐edge paths and that this bound is sharp. Our proof provides a polynomial time algorithm for finding such a set in a simple cubic graph. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 45: 57–79, 2003
Common Precursor for Rauscher Leukemia Virus gp69/71, p15(E), and p12(E)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Rauscher murine leukemia virus glycoprotein gp69/71 and non-glycosylated p15(E) are synthesized by way of a 90,000-dalton precursor glycoprotein, termed Pr2 a + b . Peptide mapping experiments showed that Pr2 a + b contains all the tyrosine-containing tryptic peptides of gp69/71. Two additional tyrosine-containing tryptic peptides in Pr2 a + b that are not detected in gp69/71 are found in p15(E). Thus, gp69/71 and p15(E) peptide sequences account for all the tyrosine tryptic peptides of Pr2 a + b . The gene order of the two proteins was determined by pulse-labeling infected cells in the presence and absence of pactamycin at concentrations of the inhibitor that prevent initiation of translation, but not elongation. The gene order was found to be: 2 HN-gp69/71-p15(E)-COOH. A newly identified major viral protein, termed p12(E), migrates in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels in the “p12” region. It is related to p15(E) as determined by tryptic mapping experiments. p15(E) and p12(E) are not phosphorylated, and both can be separated from phosphoprotein p12 by guanidine hydrochloride-agarose chromatography. p12(E) and p15(E) elute in the void volume fraction, whereas phosphoprotein p12 elutes between p15 and p10. The two p12 proteins can also be separated from each other by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis involving isoelectric focusing in the first dimension and sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis in the second dimension.
Differential immunohistochemical staining of cancerous cells with anti-single-stranded DNA antiserum in ordinary pathological paraffin section after DNA-denaturation by acid hydrolysis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Based on the finding that the nuclear DNA of cancerous cells is much more unstable than that of non-cancerous cells, yielding a larger amount of single-stranded DNA by acid hydrolysis, we developed a new method of cancer cell detection in ordinary pathological sections by immunohistochemical staining with anti-single-stranded DNA antiserum after acid hydrolysis. Methylated bovine serum albumin was conjugated with heat-denatured calf thymus DNA and used as the antigen of single-stranded DNA, and white male rabbits were immunized with the antigen to obtain the polyclonal antiserum. Ordinary paraffin-embedded sections were prepared from the formalin-fixed biopsy specimens taken from 482 malignant tumors and 73 benign tumors of human epithelial and non-epithelial origins. Additional 82 biopsy specimens of borderline malignancy were also examined. The sections were immunohistochemically stained with the antiserum after RNase digestion and DNA denaturation by hydrolysis with 2 N HCl at 30 degrees C. The acid hydrolysis for 20-30 min was optimum for the specimens fixed with 10% buffered formalin at room temperature for 16-24 hrs, and all cancerous cells were specifically stained positive, in sharp contrast to the negative stainability of all non-cancerous cells including inflammatory cells. This new method gives us decisive help in making diagnosis of malignancy in daily pathological examination. The possibility of malignancy of borderline lesion was discussed.
Causes of future Mediterranean precipitation decline depend on the season

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

&lt;p&gt;The Mediterranean is among the global 'hot-spots' of climate change, where severe consequences of climate change are expected. Changes in the atmospheric water cycle are among the leading causes of the vulnerability of the Mediterranean to greenhouse gas-driven warming. Specifically, precipitation is projected to decrease year-round, which is expected to have major impacts on hydrology, biodiversity, agriculture, hydropower, and further economic sectors that rely on sufficient water supply.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We investigate possible causes of the Mediterranean drying in regional climate simulations. To isolate the influence of multiple large-scale drivers on the drying, we sequentially add the respective drivers from global models to regional climate model simulations. We show that the causes of the Mediterranean drying depend on the season. We will present in detail how the summer drying is driven by the land-ocean warming contrast, lapse-rate and other thermodynamic changes, while it only weakly depends on circulation changes. In contrast, changes in the circulation are the primary driver for the projected winter precipitation decline. Since land-ocean contrast, thermodynamic and lapse-rate changes are more robust in climate simulations than circulation changes, the uncertainty associated with the projected drying should be considered smaller in summer than in winter.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Reference: Brogli, R., S. L. S&amp;#248;rland, N. Kr&amp;#246;ner, and C. Sch&amp;#228;r, 2019: Causes of future Mediterranean precipitation decline depend on the season. Environmental Research Letters, 14, 114017, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ab4438.&lt;/p&gt;
Fuzzy Sets for Modelling Fineness Perception in Texture Images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Fineness is a primary texture feature frequently used for image content description. However, it is an ambiguous concept difficult to be characterized. To face this ambiguity, we propose to model the fineness by means of fuzzy sets, relating a representative fineness measure (our reference set) with the human perception of fineness. In our study, a wide variety of measures have been analyzed, defining a fuzzy set for each measure. The fineness perception has been collected from polls filled by human subjects, performing an aggregation of their assessments by means of OWA operators. For a given measure, the corresponding membership function is obtained by fitting the collected data. The performance of each fuzzy set is analyzed and checked with the human assessments, proposing a subgroup of them as the most adequate for modelling fineness perception in texture images.