jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hydrology and chemical quality of ground water in Kiowa County, Colorado

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Ground water is available in Kiowa County, Colo., in quantities suitable for municipal or irrigation uses from at least two aquifers, the Big Sandy-Rush Creek alluvial aquifer and the Ogallala aquifer. The Dakota Sandstone and the Cheyenne Sandstone Member of the Purgatoire Formation may provide marginally sufficient water for municipal or irrigation purposes. Whil e wells in parts of the Ogallala aquifer have shown significant water-level declines in recent years, the Dakota Sandstone and Cheyenne Sandstone Member of the Purgatoire Formation are virtually undeveloped in the county , primarily because of the depth to the top of these formations (500-1,00 feet). Where water is not available from the Big Sandy-Rush Creek and Ogallala aquifers in the county, supplies sufficient for domestic or stock use may be obtained from shallow wells in several minor aquifers. The quality of ground water in the county varies widely, but dissolved-solids concentrations are usually greater than 500 milligrams per liter, except in parts of the Ogallala aquifer. The water is generally very hard and sulfate concentrations are usually greater than 250 milligrams per liter, except in parts of the Ogallala aquifer. High concentrations of selenium (greater than 10 micrograms per liter) in three-fourths of the wells sampled and locally high concentrations of fluoride, nitrate, iron, and manganese limit the suitability of the ground water for municipal and domestic use. (USGS)
[Treatment of Facial Acne Vulgaris by Chinese Medicine Combined Western Medicine].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To comparatively observe clinical efficacies of Fusidic Acid Cream (FAC) , Longzhu Ointment (LO) , and their combination of minocycline hydrochloride for treating facial acne vulgaris. Methods Totally 186 patients with acne vulgaris were randomly assigned to the FAC group (103 cases) and the LO group (83 cases). Each group was further divided into two subgroups ac- cording to the severity of acne: single treatment group and united treatment group. Patients with mild ac- ne vulgaris in the FAC group received FAC alone (39 cases) , and those with severe acne vulgaris in the FAC group received FAC and minocycline hydrochloride (64 cases). Patients with mild acne vulgaris in the LO group received LO alone (27 cases) , and those with severe acne vulgaris in the LO group received LO and minocycline hydrochloride. The therapeutic course for all was 4 weeks, with one return vis- it once per week. Grading of skin lesions was assessed by global acne grading system (GAGS). Clinical improvement was evaluated. Skin spots, red areas, and other data were statistically analyzed by VISIA skin analyzer. Results GAGS score was statistically different between before and after treatment in the FAC group and the LO group (P <0. 05). The total effective rate was 64. 1% (25)39) in single treatment group of the FAC group and 66. 7% (18/27) in single treatment group of the LO group, but with no statisti- cal difference between the two groups (Χ² =0. 09, P >0. 05). The total effective rate was 70. 3% (45/64) in united treatment group of the FAC group and 62. 5% (35/56) in united treatment group of the LO group, but with no statistical difference between the two groups (Χ² =0. 04, P >0. 05). Results of VISIA showed, compared with before treatment, statistical difference existed in red area of single treatment group of the FAC group and the LO group (P <0. 05). Statistical difference existed in ultraviolet rays, red area, sclererythrin of united treatment group of the FAC group and the LO group (P <0. 05). Conclusions FAC and LO could effectively control the inflammation of acne. LO had a rapid onset. Combined with minocy- cline hydrochloride, FAC could significantly reduce the secretion of fats, and LO could defense against ultraviolet more significantly.
Advancing Bridge Construction Monitoring: AI-Based Building Information Modeling for Intelligent Structural Damage Recognition

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Building Information Modeling (BIM) has emerged as a transformative technology in the construction industry, revolutionizing various aspects of the field. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques with BIM holds significant promise and is gaining momentum in interdisciplinary applications. In China, the construction industry has witnessed notable advancements through the convergence of BIM, AI, and cloud data. However, the current state of intelligent construction technology in China reveals certain limitations that hinder its comprehensive development. This study addresses these challenges by focusing on the design of intelligent recognition algorithms for monitoring structural damage during bridge construction. Previous research has primarily employed classical neural network algorithms, but these approaches have exhibited certain limitations. This paper proposes innovative improvement measures to overcome these limitations and demonstrates their effectiveness through practical arithmetic examples. Furthermore, to enhance the intelligence level of the BIM system, this study integrates the improved neural network recognition algorithm into the BIM framework. The integration enables the BIM system to recognize and assess bridge structure damage efficiently and accurately. The outcomes of this research provide valuable insights into advancing the field of intelligent construction technology, particularly in the context of bridge construction monitoring.
Investigation of Catalytic Characterization of Two-Dimensional Molecular Space with Regular Ammonium and Pyridine Groups

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Novel two-dimensional molecular space with regular pyridine groups layered pyridine-4-amidepropylsilica (PAPS) and pyridine-4-amidephenylsilica (PAPhS) were successfully synthesized through grafting pyridine groups in the layer structure of two-dimensional molecular space with regular ammonium groups layered aminopropylsilica (ATMS-DS) and layered aminophenylsilica (APhTMS-DS). The two-dimensional structures were kept after grafting reaction of pyridine groups in PAPS and PAPhS. The catalytic potentials of two-dimensional molecular space with regular ammonium and pyridine groups were investigated. The catalytic capability of APhTMS-DS, PAPS, and PAPhS was confirmed through Knoevenagel condensation reactions. Knoevenagel condensation of aromatic aldehydes with malononitrile was not observed in the presence of ATMS-DS. Otherwise, the lower yield of Knoevenagel condensation of higher active 2-chlorobenzaldehyde with malononitrile in the presence of APhTMS-DS, PAPS, and PAPhS indicated the potential of the two-dimensional molecular space with regular catalyst molecules on influencing catalysis processes utilizing the chemical and geometrical limits.
RBF-based partition of unity method for elliptic PDEs: Adaptivity and stability issues via VSKs

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We investigate adaptivity issues for the approximation of Poisson equations via radial basis function-based partition of unity collocation. The adaptive residual subsampling approach is performed with quasi-uniform node sequences leading to a flexible tool which however might suffer from numerical instability due to ill-conditioning of the collocation matrices. We thus develop a hybrid method which makes use of the so-called variably scaled kernels. The proposed algorithm numerically ensures the convergence of the adaptive procedure
Vaginal Misoprostol versus Bilateral Uterine Artery Ligation in Decreasing Blood Loss in Transabdominal Myomectomy : A Randomized Controlled Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Uterine leimyomas are tumors of the smooth muscles and the connective tissues of the uterus. They are considered to be the most common benign pelvic tumor affecting about 20% of women above the age of 35. The diverse symptomatology of fibroids can be attributed to size, number and location of the tumors. The common symptoms include menorrhagia, infertility, abdominal mass and pressure effects. Aim of the Work: The aim of this study is to compare between the effect of medical (preoperative vaginal misoprostol) and non-medical (bilateral uterine artery ligation) regarding their efficacy to decrease blood loss in trans- abdominal myomectomy. Patients and Methods: Prospective randomized controlled interventional clinical trial. The study was conducted in Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital, Cairo, Egypt in the period between August 2015 till December 2016. It was approved by the Ethical Research Committee, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. It included 60 women recruited from those attending the outpatient gynecology clinic, seeking treatment for symptomatic uterine myomas. Results: The current study revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between both groups regarding operative time, blood loss and postoperative hospital stay. Conclusion: A single pre-operative dose of 400 micrograms of vaginal misoprostol is as effective as uterine artery ligation in decreasing blood loss in transabdominal myomectomy. Misoprostol is a simple, cheap, fast, available and applicable tool that can be administered even an hour preoperatively. Recommendations: Preoperative vaginal misoprostol is an effective practical tool in decreasing blood loss in transabdominal myomectomy. Investigation of misoprostol use in larger population groups and with different dosages and administration routes, together with comparison of other methods used to reduce bleeding during myomectomy, is recommended.
Tribes and Tribal: Origin, Use, and Future of the Concept

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Nation-states seized positions of political power a long time ago, and like corporations more recently with their economic power, label and disparage those who are left out from participation and involvement. The word “tribe” is one such label, and the term fits a wide diversity of people, most of whom never regarded themselves as being a member of a “tribe.” Still, those people have conceptualised, designed, and experienced strategic and tactical relationships with the proverbial powers that be and managed to survive, and frequently, thrive. We can learn much from tribes, the origin, use, and futures of tribes, and their rich experiences in living.
MORPHOLOGY AND INITIAL GROWTH IN THE GERMINATION OF DICTYOSPERMA ALBUM (BORY) H. WENDL. & DRUDE EX SCHEFFER (ARECACEAE) SEEDS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Departamento de Producao Vegetal Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho UNESP/FCAV, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo State
The perception of relative pitch in the bat M. lyra.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

As opposed to humans, animals perceive pitch predominantly in terms of absolute categories. In order to establish relative pitch formation in bats, three animals were trained to discriminate falling from rising two-tone sequences in a two-alternative, forced choice behavioral test. Stimuli were six pairs of complex tones, consisting of the first three harmonics. In the first experiment, the spectra of high and low tones fell into different frequency regions (first harmonic of low tone: 9–10.4 kHz; high tone: 34–39.3 kHz). After 2 months, two animals were able to perform the task with an error rate of less than 5%. In the second experiment, 12 tone pairs with overlapping harmonics were presented. The frequency ratio between the two fundamentals of a pair was 2:3, with the fundamental of the lower tone between 13.2 and 18.1 kHz. Only one animal was able to perform this task after 2 weeks of training. Control tasks revealed that the bat utilized absolute pitch clues only to a minor extent. Nevertheless, later experiments showed that the animal was not able to transpose relative pitch categories to frequency ranges beyond the original stimuli. [Work supported by Humboldt Foundation and SFB 204 ‘‘Gehör,’’ München.]
The relationship between class-based habitus and choice of university and field of study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Enrollments in higher education have expanded greatly, but without elimination of all forms of inequality. Research in industrialized countries has shown that the path students follow in their transition from secondary school continues to be associated with their social class. This study provides quantitative evidence of that relationship in a non-industrial country like Chile. Multinomial logistic and linear regression of university admission data managed by the Department of Evaluation, Measurement and Registration describing 130,000 applicants for the years 2015 and 2017 were used to estimate the probability of a member of a particular social class choosing a given university and academic field of study. The results show differences regarding law programs and science, technology, engineering and mathematics programs. Class differences were particularly important in the choice of university. Working-class students were more likely to apply to public universities, avoiding elite and especially private institutions. The findings provide further support for Bourdieu's habitus explanation of class reproduction. They suggest more attention to the level of segregation in Chilean higher education and the factors that produce it.
Fissidens bryoidesvar.GymnandrusandF. celticus(Bryophyta, Fissidentaceae) in the Iberian Peninsula

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fissidens bryoides Hedw. var. gymnandrus (Buse) R. Ruthe and Fissidens celticus Paton are reported new to Spain, based on collections from the Basque Country in the northern part of the Iberian Peninsula. A description and illustrations of each taxon based on Iberian samples are provided. Fissidens bryoides var. gymnandrus is lectotypified.
The rationing of critical care services within Canada

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Canada's health care system, including its delivery of hospital-based critical care services, is quickly being forced to change due to the unprecedented fiscal forces of prolonged economic weakness. Significant efficiencies have been achieved in many health care sectors, notably hospitals, but it is questionable whether individual institutions, physicians, and other health professionals can deal with further budget reductions without negatively affecting patient care. Uncertainty is the one reliable constant as governments implement further fiscal restraint measures upon a system that attempts to adapt to new realities and doing things differently. The delivery of hospital-based critical care services is obviously affected by this state of rapid transformation and must evolve concurrently.
Microfinance Institutions Governance: The Right Track from Microfinance towards Local Development _ Bank Rakyat Malaysia as an Evidence _

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to explore Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) capacity to improve governance practices as an effective step to achieve local development. Raising the standard of living, and lifting people from poverty and providing them with good quality financial services require improving governance practices of MFIs. Therefore, this paper tackled the topic gradually from the whole to the part. First, it dealt with some principles and fundamentals of local development promotion in general. Then it moved to MFIs governance particularly. In the end, the experience of Bank Rakyat Malaysia, as one of the most successful microfinance service providers in Malaysia, was cited. This paper concluded with a set of findings and recommendations that aspire to promote the role governance mechanisms in MFIs play in the local development.
Increased Efficiency Of Hip Joint Surgery Using Cad/cam Applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

There are now 300,OOO hip prostheses implanted per year worldwide and over 40,000 of these are performed in Britain alone, but the problem of permanently securing the artificial joint tobone remains. Acryliccementprovidesimmsdiatefixation, but unfortunately the effect does not always last and painful loosening of the prosthesis is the most important long term complication of total hip replacement.
The HSABA for Emergency Location-Routing Problem

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article presents a Location-Routing Problem (LRP) model to assist decision makers in emergency logistics. The model attempts to consider the relationship between the location of warehouses and the delivery routes in order to maximize the rescue efficiency. The objective function of the minimization of time and cost is established in the single-stage LRP model considering different scenarios. The hybrid self-adaptive bat algorithm (HSABA) is an improved nature-inspired algorithm for solving this LRP model, hard optimization problem. The HSABA with self-adaptation mechanism and hybridization mechanism effectively improves the defect of the original BA, that is, trapping into the local optima easily. An example is provided to prove the effectiveness of our model. The studied example shows that the single-stage LRP model can effectively select supply locations and plan rescue routes faced with different disasters and the HSABA outperforms the basic BA.
P2‐397: REDUCED BASAL FOREBRAIN FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY IN WOMEN WITH SUBJECTIVE MEMORY COMPLAINTS COMPARED TO MEN

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Preclinical studies showed differences between sexes in the basal forebrain cholinergic system (BFCS) in a mouse model of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The BFCS nuclei and their functional connections mediate memory and attention and degenerate in AD, and may be preferentially vulnerable in older adult women compared to men. Structural MRI scans of 318 cognitively intact older adults from the INSIGHT-preAD cohort (women n= 201, men n= 117) were analysed using a recently developed technique for automated basal forebrain (BF) morphometry based on high-dimensional image warping and cytoarchitectonic maps of BF cholinergic nuclei. Resting state functional MRI images were used for seed-based correlation analysis to explore the anterior and posterior BF functional connectivity with regions predominantly affected in the AD spectrum: the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex (ACC and PCC, respectively), the hippocampus, the precuneus, and the insula. Linear mixed effects models were performed to investigate sex effects on the BFCS nuclei volumes, as well as anterior and posterior BF resting state functional connectivity (rsFC). Results were adjusted for multiple comparisons using Holm's method. No differences were found in the volume of BFCS nuclei between women and men. Women compared to men showed decreased rsFC between the anterior BF and the bilateral ACC (right: p < 0.01; left: p = 0.002), and between the posterior BF and both the right ACC (p = 0.01) and bilateral insula (right: p < 0.001; left: p = 0.002). Our data indicate the presence of significant sex differences in brain functional connectivity of the cholinergic system in cognitively intact older adults. Our findings highlight the relevant role of sex when designing experiments or interpreting results of brain connectivity and network studies in health and disease.
Meningiomas associated with large cysts with neoplastic cells in the cyst walls

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

✓ Two adults presented with frontal lobe masses. As visualized by computerized tomography, both lesions were large cysts with contrast-enhancing mural nodules and enhancing circumferential rims. En bloc resections of the mural nodules and cyst walls were performed. Pathological evaluation of each nodule disclosed a meningioma, and neoplastic cells were found in the distant cyst walls. Although the walls of large cysts associated with some meningiomas have been composed of reactive glia or collagen, the neoplastic character of the cysts in the present cases underscores the need for resection and careful pathological evaluation of the large cysts associated with meningiomas.
Two new ar-bisabol sesquiterpenes from the stem bark of Fraxinus sielboldiana

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Two new ar-bisabol sequiterpenes, (+)-(7S,10S)-10-epi-7,10-epoxy-3-hydroxy-ar-bisabol-11-ol (1) and (+)-(7R,8R,10S)-10-epi-7,10-epoxy-8-hydroxy-ar-bisabol-11-ol (2), have been isolated by a combination of various column chromatographic techniques including reversed-phase semipreparative HPLC from an ethanol extract of the stem bark of Fraxinus sielboldiana. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods including IR, MS, and 1D and 2D NMR experiments. This is the first report of sequiterpenes in the genus Fraxinus.
Explicit Analysis for the Ground Reaction of a Circular Tunnel Excavated in Anisotropic Stress Fields Based on Hoek–Brown Failure Criterion

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The study aims to utilize the convergence–confinement method (CCM) by considering non-hydrostatic stress assumptions in the analysis of the surrounding rock in a circular tunnel. The rock mass properties should adhere to the criteria of the non-linear Hoek–Brown failure criterion. Through a thorough theoretical analysis approach, an analytical solution was derived to determine the stress and displacement induced by tunnel excavation, particularly in the elastic and plastic zones. This solution, applicable under anisotropic stress conditions, involves accounting for confinement loss incrementally for computational feasibility. The implementation of this analytical solution, facilitated by a straightforward spreadsheet, was validated against existing data to evaluate the impact of non-linear failure criteria on ground reaction behavior. The study scrutinizes the mechanical response at the tunnel’s inner curve and assesses stress–displacement distribution across the tunnel cross-section. A comparison between the proposed solution and published results demonstrates a consistent and promising correlation.
The impact of using silver alloy urinary catheters in reducing the incidence of urinary tract infections in the critical care setting

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

prospective study was undertaken on three critical care units to establish the efficacy of using a silver alloy urinary catheter in reducing the incidence of nosocomial urinary tract infections. Some 188 patients participated in the evaluation (94 in each group). A urine sample was obtained post insertion and every three days while on the critical care unit to detect bacteriuria. The infection rate was 12.65 in the standard group and 11.32 in the silver alloy group per 1000 catheter days respectively. The mean duration of catheterisation was 16 days (inter-quartile range 13). Gram positive cocci were responsible for 24.5% of the bacteriuria, Gram negatives 64.5% and yeasts accounted for 11%. Based on these results, routine use of silver alloy catheters cannot be justified for all patients, but may be suited to high-risk female patients.
Urinary Infection in Childhood

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Buccal Oxytocin SIR,-Oxytocin can have a powerful effect upon the pregnant uterus, however it reaches the blood-stream.The intravenous " pitocin drip" was at first regarded by some as a dangerous technique-; and so it was until experience had made plain the pitfalls and careful investigation had shown how these could be avoided.To-day it can only be