jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Oncocytoma of the adrenal gland in Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 32-year-old man was referred to our surgical unit with a left adrenal lesion. He was previously diagnosed with Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome after presenting with a left pneumothorax and an incidental finding of a right apical lung mass. This syndrome is characterised commonly by benign skin hamartomas, recurrent pneumothoraces and an increased risk of renal tumours. He was unable to tolerate a biopsy of his lung lesion, however, this lung lesion was thought to be benign. Given the size of his adrenal lesion and radiological appearances, we performed a laparoscopic left adrenalectomy. Pathology confirmed that based on morphological appearances and immunohistochemical staining, this may represent an oncocytic tumour of the adrenal gland. This is only the third published case of an oncocytic tumour of the adrenal gland in a patient with Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome.
PUSHOVER ANALYSIS AND ITS APPLICATION IN CONCRETE-FILLED RECTANGULAR STEEL TUBULAR FRAME

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper reviews the method of the pushover analysis.Pushover analysis of a concrete-filled rectangular steel tubular frame structure is done using ETABS analysis program.The analysis and test results show that pushover analysis can confirm structure failure mechanism and estimate structural failure weakness;and a good agreement is reached between the base shear-top displacement curve by pushover analysis and available experimental results. Besides P-△ effect has a greater influence on pushover analysis.
A charge-based capacitance model of short-channel MOSFETs

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A quasi-static two-dimensional intrinsic capacitance model for short-channel MOSFETs is discussed. It is derived based in a physically based charge-sharing scheme and implemented using a quasi-static solution of a MOS device simulator. Two-dimensional field-induced mobility degradation, velocity saturation, and short-channel effects are included in the model. The charge conservation rule holds, and channel charge partitioning is properly treated. The simulation results clearly show the importance of two-dimensional field-induced effects to short-channel MOS devices. Comparison of the simulated results with experimentally measured data shows that the model is far more reliable than the analytical one. The method can be used to link a device simulator and a circuit simulator for accurate timing calculation in both digital and analog MOS integrated circuits.< >
Revisiting risk in the Global Production Network approach 2.0 - Towards a performative risk narrative perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Until the so-called GPN 2.0 approach placed it on the research agenda, risk had played a subordinate role in the literature on global production networks (GPN). In GPN 2.0, Knight's economic notion of risk is applied and defined as rationally calculable, in contrast to uncertainties. However, this still dominant conceptualization of risk falls short of an actor-centered focus, which is a focal point of the GPN 2.0 approach. Therefore, we advocate for a stronger conceptual integration of a social constructivist premise with a spatio-relational understanding of risk to enhance the explanatory power of GPN risk. This article highlights that GPN risk needs to be framed as becoming causally significant in the perception and expectations of organizational decision-makers. We argue that the organization-environment interaction causes the production and constitution of risk. In pursuit of an integrative research design, we develop a multi-scalar framework based on a performative risk narrative perspective.
Speed and information : investigating the rise of U.S. speed limits and a case study on Texas Open Records Law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI--COLUMBIA AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] By requiring state and local governments to ask permission from the attorney general's office before denying an open records request, the Texas Public Information Act created a proactive mechanism for enforcing the public's right to know. The Texas model, in which the burden lies with government to justify withholding records, provides not only an effective watchdog over the flow of information but settles public records disputes without the need for costly, time-consuming litigation.
Faktor Penentu Tingkat Kesehatan Bank Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Harga Saham Dengan Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR) Sebagai Mediator Pada Perusahaan Perbankan Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) Periode 2017 -2021

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this research is to analyze the determinants of bank soundness on stock prices and determine the position of the Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR), whether it functions as a mediator in the influence of bank soundness on stock prices or not. The determinants of bank soundness which are independent variables in this study are Loan To Deposit Ratio (LDR), Return On Assets (ROA), and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR). Meanwhile, Stock Price is the dependent variable and the Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR) is the intervening variable. This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach. The type of data used is secondary data in the form of financial statements of banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The population in this research were 46 banking companies with a sampling method using purposive sampling, in order to obtain a sample of 11 banking companies. This research was analyzed using the Eviews 9.0 . programThe results of this research indicate that partially and simultaneously Loan To Deposit Ratio (LDR), Return On Assets (ROA), and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) have no significant effect on the Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR). In contrast to the effect on stock prices, partially Return On Assets (ROA), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), and Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR) have a significant effect except Loan To Deposit Ratio (LDR). Simultaneously, all independent variables have a significant effect on stock prices. Based on the results of this research, the results of path analysis are obtained, that the Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR) is not a mediator in the influence of determinants of bank soundness on stock prices.
Multiwall carbon nanotubes grown on a four-probe patterned catalyst layer for chemical sensor applications

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The fabrication and the application of aligned multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) grown on a four-probe patterned catalyst layer for the detection of chemical vapors are reported. The temperature resistance results show that the aligned MWNTs are semiconducting and follow the 3-dimensional hopping conduction mechanism. Effects of oxygen plasma on the characteristics of the MWNTs are also investigated. The four-probe MWNTs devices show resistance changes with exposure to gas vapors and that correlate with solvent polarity parameters. Those results suggest that our four-probe MWNTs devices are promising for chemical sensor applications.
Exploration of Quantum Computer Power Side-Channels

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the rapidly growing interest in quantum computing also grows the importance of securing these quantum computers from various physical attacks. Constantly increasing qubit counts and improvements to the fidelity of the quantum computers hold great promise for the ability of these computers to run novel algorithms with highly sensitive intellectual property. However, in today's cloud-based quantum computer setting, users lack physical control over the computers. Physical attacks, such as those perpetrated by malicious insiders in data centers, could be used to extract sensitive information about the circuits being executed on these computers. Indeed, this work shows for the first time that power-based side-channel attacks could be deployed against quantum computers. Such attacks can be used to recover information about the control pulses sent to these computers. By analyzing these control pulses, attackers can reverse-engineer the equivalent gate-level description of the circuits, and possibly even the secret algorithms being run. This work introduces five new types of attacks, and evaluates them using control pulse information available from cloud-based quantum computers. This work demonstrates how and what circuits could be recovered, and then in turn how to defend from the newly demonstrated side-channel attacks on quantum~computers.
THE ROLE OF CAPITAL IN THE COMPANY AND ITS TYPES

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Every organization without regards to the products and services it produces needs capital.Capital is the driving force behind every organization,and no organization can survive without capial in the business environment.Capital is one of the necessary variables to conduct business and it's volume is determining the size of the company. Without efficient capital allocation the activity and the business dealings of the company will certainly stop.With efficient capital management has profound effect on the financial results of the company. There are two types of capital,fixed assets and working capital. The fixed assets are the capital which is invested in a period that lasts more than a year.These assets are having three forms:material investments,imaterial investments and long term financial investments.The basic characteristic of the fixed assets is that they are not spent at once and they do not transfer their value to the finished products and services.Their costs are seen through the amortization phenomenon. Working capital is the capital that are invested for a period of less than a year.They are also called circular assets.They constantly regenerating.They come in three types: money,materials and claims. Capital is the basic ingredient for success of every company. It shows us that without it the companies would not be able to make purchases and make partnerships. Capital is the basic source of every business and has the power to transform the business and make turnaround if the situation is bad, but also to worsen the situation if there is a lack of capital. Capital can transform economies, but also could destroy economies. That is the reason the monetary policy is loose at some moments, because the lack of capital can ruin a decent economy. Companies know this and they try to capitalize themselves very well, because at times capital can be very scarce.
Localization of actin and cytokeratin in hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells in normal human livers using a low temperature resin and post-embedding immunohistochemistry.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Using a low temperature resin Lowicryl K4M and post-embedding immunogold labeling, localization of actin and cytokeratin was examined in hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells in normal human livers. Preservation of the liver tissues was satisfactory at the electron microscopic level. In immunolabeling of actin, gold particles were mainly found on microvilli and around the junctional complexes and at cell borders in the hepatocytes as well as biliary epithelial cells. In immunolabeling of cytokeratin, the gold particles were rather preferentially found in the perinuclear cytoplasm and around the junctional complexes in the biliary epithelial cells and hepatocytes. These particles were mainly found to be located on the intermediate filaments at higher magnification, although a considerable number of intermediate filaments were not labeled in the hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells. Double straining method using the gold particles of different sizes clearly confirmed the abovementioned distribution of actin and cytokeratin in the same cells. From these observations, it was suggested that post-embedding immunoelectron microscopy using Lowicryl K4M is a useful tool for analysis of cytoskeletal organization in the liver tissue.
Medical Response to Major Incidents: A Standardized Postgraduate Course in Management and Performance in Major Incidents & Disasters.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Medical Response to Major Incidents (MRMI) is a standardized postgraduate course developed by an international group of experts within the European Society for Trauma and Emergency Surgery. It is entirely interactive, with all participants training in their routine positions. It covers the whole chain of management—scene, transport, hospitals, command and communication, management of individual patients—and thereby permits training in the important coordinating between different units, which often is the weak point in real incidents. The scenarios are based on real injuries from terrorist incidents. The training is done in real time using actual simulated resources, thereby providing a measurable result of the response as a base for further development and training.
Health Economics and Equity in Preconception Health Care: A Systematic Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Poor pregnancy outcomes affect a child's lifelong health and disadvantaged populations are at higher risk of poor pregnancy outcomes. Preconception care aims to improve pregnancy outcomes by managing conditions and risks prior to conception. Given known inequities in pregnancy outcomes, the adoption of preconception care may benefit disadvantaged populations. Health economics plays an important role in the implementation of interventions, as economic evaluations seek to identify the most efficient and equitable care options. This review aimed to identify the cost-effectiveness of preconception care and how equity has been considered in these evaluations. A systematic review of literature published between 2012–2022 was undertaken to identify studies that evaluate the economic outcomes of preconception care. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were manually searched for consideration of equity in the economic evaluation analysis. Costs were presented and a narrative synthesis of studies reporting on outcomes of equity was conducted. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria, and only two reported on aspects of equity, specifically ethnicity. Considering the significant disparities in pregnancy outcomes among disadvantaged populations, aspects of equity are important to consider when implementing and evaluating preconception interventions. Therefore, it is recommended that future research focuses on the cost-effectiveness of preconception care and that these evaluations incorporate aspects of equity.
PHF8 facilitates transcription recovery following DNA double-strand break repair

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Transient halting of transcription activity on the damaged chromatin facilitates DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. However, the molecular mechanisms that facilitate transcription recovery following DSB repair remain largely undefined. Notably, failure to restore gene expression in a timely manner can compromise transcriptome signatures and may impose deleterious impacts on cell identity and cell fate. Here, we report PHF8 as the major demethylase that reverses transcriptionally repressive epigenetic modification laid down by the DYRK1B–EHMT2 pathway. We found that PHF8 concentrates at laser-induced DNA damage tracks in a DYRK1B-dependent manner and promotes timely resolution of local H3K9me2 to facilitate the resumption of transcription. Moreover, PHF8 also assists in the recovery of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) transcription following the repair of nucleolar DSBs. Taken together, our findings uncover PHF8 as a key mediator that coordinates transcription activities during the recovery phase of DSB responses.
A CASE OF A SOLITARY BRAIN METASTASIS AFTER RESECTION OF A COLON CANCER

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

症例は67歳，女性．2007年，上行結腸癌の診断で結腸右半切除術を施行した．長径5.5cm，2型の腫瘍で中分化型腺癌，SS（pT3），pN2，1y3，v1，fStageIIIbと診断された．術後25カ月目に左半身不全麻痺が出現し，頭部造影MRIにて右頭頂葉に径19mmの単発腫瘤を認めた．全身検索にて脳以外には再発所見を認めず，孤立性転移性脳腫瘍と診断し開頭腫瘍摘出術を施行した．脳腫瘍は上行結腸癌の組織像と類似した腺癌で，大腸癌脳転移と診断された．術後40Gyの全脳照射を追加し，現在術後20カ月無再発生存中である．大腸癌術後脳転移は，一般に多発していたり他部位に遠隔転移を伴うことが多く予後不良であるが，孤立性脳転移の長期生存例の報告もみられる．大腸癌術後のフォローアップを行う際は，脳も転移部位の一つとして注意すべきである．
On topological classification of normed spaces endowed with the weak topology or the topology of compact convergence

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper the weak topology on a normed space is studied from the viewpoint of infinite-dimensional topology. Besides the weak topology on a normed space $X$ (coinciding with the topology of uniform convergence on finite subsets of the dual space $X^*$), we consider the topology $c$ of uniform convergence on compact subsets of $X^*$. It is known that this topology coincides with the weak topology on bounded subsets of $X$, but unlike to the latter has much better topological properties (e.g., is stratifiable). We prove that for normed spaces $X,Y$ with separable duals the spaces $(X,weak)$, $(Y,weak)$ are sequentially homeomorphic if and only if $\mathcal W(X)=\mathcal W(Y)$, where $\mathcal W(X)$ is the class of topological spaces homeomorphic to closed bounded subsets of $(X,weak)$. Moreover, if $X,Y$ are Banach spaces which are isomorphic to their hyperplanes and have separale duals, then the spaces $(X,weak)$ and $(Y,weak)$ are sequentially homeomorphic if and only of the spaces $(X,c)$ and $(Y,c)$ are homeomorphic. To prove this result, we show that for a normed space $X$ which is isomorphic to its hyperpane and has separable dual, the space $(X,c)$ (resp. $(X,weak)$) is (sequentially) homeomorphic to the product $B\times\mathbb R^\infty$ of the weak unit ball $B$ of $X$ and the linear space $\mathbb R^\infty$ with countable Hamel basis and the strongest linear topology.
Primary ciliary dyskinesia: improving the diagnostic approach

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) has relied on analysis of ciliary motility and ultrastructure; however, these tests are not readily available and have not been standardized. Consequently, the diagnosis of PCD may be delayed or missed or made incorrectly. This review outlines the potential utility of new diagnostic tests, including measurement of nasal nitric oxide (NO) production and systematic analysis for mutations in gene encoding ciliary proteins.
Mechanisms of Neuronal Silencing After Cortical Spreading Depression

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is associated with migraine, stroke, and traumatic brain injury, but its mechanisms remain poorly understood. One of the major features of CSD is an hour-long silencing of neuronal activity. Though this silencing has clear ramifications for CSD-associated disease, it has not been fully explained. We used in vivo whole-cell recordings to examine the effects of CSD on layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in mouse somatosensory cortex and used in vitro recordings to examine their mechanism. We found that CSD caused a reduction in spontaneous synaptic activity and action potential (AP) firing that lasted over an hour. Both pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms contributed to this silencing. Reductions in frequency of postsynaptic potentials were due to a reduction in presynaptic transmitter release probability as well as reduced AP activity. Decreases in postsynaptic potential amplitude were due to an inhibitory shift in the ratio of excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents. This inhibitory shift in turn contributed to the reduced frequency of APs. Thus, distinct but complementary mechanisms generate the long neuronal silence that follows CSD. These cellular changes could contribute to wider network dysfunction in CSD-associated disease, while the pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms offer separate targets for therapy.
FIG. 6 in Unexpected diversity of the genus Collarina Jullien, 1886 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the NE Atlantic-Mediterranean region: new species and reappraisal of C. balzaci (Audouin, 1826) and C. fayalensis Harmelin, 1978

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

FIG. 6. — Collarina denticulata Harmelin, n. sp.: A, non-ovicelled autozooids with paired avicularia, three spines and large costate shield with prominent medial crest running into the apertural bar; B, ovicelled zooids, note the shape of the orifices and the poorly prominent ooecia built by the autozooid distal to the maternal zooid; C, distal part of a non-ovicelled zooid showing the particular shape of the orifice, the spines with conical base and the paired avicularia with narrow rostrum; D, oblique view of the distal part of a non-ovicelled zooid showing the apertural bar, the sub-pedunculate avicularia and the spine bases; E, oblique view of the proximal part of an autozooid showing the pedunculate marginal pelmatidia and the poorly developed gymnocyst; F, lateral portion of the costate shield with oblong intercostal lacunae; G, autozooid with adventitious avicularia with nested cystids. Origin: A, D, paratype MNHN-IB-2014-1917, Marseille, Frioul; B, C, E, F, Medes Is. on Pinna shell; G, Port-Cros, Bagaud Is., on stone. Scale bars: A, B, 200 µm; C-E, G, 100 µm; F, 50 µm.
ThymoSpheres culture: A model to study human polyclonal unconventional T cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract In vitro cultures remain crucial for studying the fundamental mechanisms of human T‐cell development. Here, we introduce a novel in vitro cultivation system based on ThymoSpheres (TS): dense spheroids consisting of DLL4‐expressing stromal cells and human hematopoietic precursor cells, in the absence of thymic epithelial cells. These spheroids are subsequently cultured at the air–liquid interphase. TS generate large numbers of mature T cells, are easy to manipulate, scalable, and can be repeatably sampled to monitor T‐cell differentiation. The mature T cells generated from primary human hematopoietic precursor cells were extensively characterized using single‐cell RNA and combined T‐cell receptor (TCR) sequencing. These predominantly CD8α T cells exhibit transcriptional and TCR CDR3 characteristics similar to the recently described human polyclonal αβ unconventional T cell (UTC) lineage. This includes the expression of hallmark genes associated with agonist selection, such as IKZF2 (Helios), and the expression of various natural killer receptors. The TCR repertoire of these UTCs is polyclonal and enriched for CDR3‐associated autoreactive features and early rearrangements of the TCR‐α chain. In conclusion, TS cultures offer an intriguing platform to study the development of this human polyclonal UTC lineage and its inducing selection mechanisms.