jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Oil and seed yields affected by sowing dates and irrigation regimes applied in growth phenological stages of safflower

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Research establishing optimal sowing dates and irrigation can help to alleviate the adverse effects of drought on safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius L.). The main objective of this study was to assess the effects of sowing date and irrigation quantity on safflower traits. Irrigation treatments were applied based on crop evapotranspiration (ET c ) at the vegetative, flowering, and capitulum development stages. Evapotranspiration increased as the number of irrigations increased. Morphological, yield and oil traits, and water use efficiency (WUE) were significantly higher in the early than in late sowing. Grain yield varied from 440 to 1,460 kg ha −1 in early and from 340 to 1,240 kg ha −1 in late sowing dates. Oil yield of early sown safflower varied between 188.56 and 338.84 kg ha −1 and between 24.4 and 308.82 kg ha −1 in late sowing. The oil yield of one supplemental irrigation in the vegetative stage (I1V treatment) was significantly lower than in treatments with two (I2VF, vegetative and flowering stages) and three supplemental irrigations (I3VFG, vegetative, flowering, and capitulum development stages) in early sowing. In late sowing, the oil yield of I2VF was higher than other irrigation treatments. The range of saving irrigation water in I1 treatments was from 57.0 to 83.0% in early sowing but with a corresponding 30.0 to 66.0% reduction in grain yield compared with full irrigation treatment. For most of the tested traits, irrigation in the vegetative and especially flowering stages improved safflower yield and WUE, and thus can be an alternative irrigation strategy for water conservation in dry regions.
Making Gender and Sexuality Studies Illegal: Heteronationalism, Anti-gender Mobilization, and the Neoliberal "Utopian" Gaze in Bulgaria, 2018–2023

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract: The past decade has witnessed an escalating, well-financed, and well-organized international mobilization against any study, policy, or discussion related to gender or LGBTQI+ issues in many parts of the world. The countries of Central and Eastern Europe have been disproportionately affected by this backlash, resulting in public threats and violence against scholars and representatives of the nongovernmental sector who work on gender and LGBTQI+ issues. The anti-gender mobilization has been extremely successful in Bulgaria, where there have been numerous threats against scholars, nongovernmental organizations, and public figures dealing with gender and sexuality issues. The Bulgarian Constitutional Court was the first court on a global level to pronounce the term "gender" anti-constitutional in response to a request submitted by the government regarding ratification of the so-called Istanbul Convention. Dealing with gender and LGBTQI+ studies in Bulgaria is believed to be "illegal" by many, based on the court's decision. As a result, any approaches to gender and sexuality that do not fit essentialist and religious beliefs have become dangerous and have endangered knowledge in many contexts. In this paper, I discuss the rapid development of the anti-gender mobilization within certain neoliberal discourses and values, and using the concept of a "neoliberal utopian gaze," I outline the challenges gender and sexuality studies have faced. Based on case studies, personal experiences, and public discourses, the paper explores how gender and sexuality studies have been affected by (1) institutional decisions, (2) manipulation of scientific information, (3) radical political populism, (4) transnational religious movements, and (5) the advancement of social media. Finally, the paper discusses possible solutions to this alarming trend, paying particular attention to academic solidarity, knowledge production, and institutionally coordinated policies.
The implementation of Smart Edu Family application

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The rapid development of technology requires people to adapt in almost every aspect of their lives, including their homes. This paper identifies the implementation of an application namely Smart Edu Family. The application is carefully analyzed in this study. The results had proven that the application was effective especially for supervising children learning outcome virtually. The fact that it is mobile (applicable in web-based, Android-based, and iOS-based devices) gives an advantage to people who belong to millennials and generation Z. It is also inferred that the application is relevant within the fields of industry and education.
Rediscovering the Empires of Ancient Nubia In the 21st Century

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Nubian collection of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, is arguably the finest outside Khartoum thanks to the excavations of George Reiser in the early 20th century and the partage system in place at the time. Yet for a long time, relatively few people outside the scholarly world knew of its existence. This paper presents the display history of the Nubian collection, with a focus on the 2019 temporary exhibition Ancient Nubia Now, which featured the cultures of Kerma, Napata, and Meroe, and also explored race, prejudice and African-American scholarship on Nubia. Through both community consultation and engagement as well as visitorship, the exhibition demonstrated that ancient Nubia is indeed very relevant in the 21st century, and can be used to excite and inform, and help bring inclusion, diversity, equity, and accessibility to the Museum.
Feasibility of cluster calculations in describing impurities in simple metals

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The spin-density-functional formalism has been applied to study electronic properties of small spherical clusters of an ideal free-electron metal (jellium). The electronic structure of a hydrogen atom embedded in the center of the cluster has been calculated as a function of the cluster size. A comparison of the results to the exact limit of the hydrogen atom in an infinite jellium shows that a large cluster size (about 100 atoms) is needed for an accurate description of the electronic structure of the impurity. Self-consistent unrestricted Hartree-Fock calculations have been performed for small Li clusters with a hydrogen impurity, and the results are compared with those of the jellium model. As an effect of the finite cluster size, both calculations show similar features in the cluster properties. Methods for calculating the impurity Knight shift using the cluster technique have been studied.
Calcipotriene Betamethasone Dipropionate Aerosol Foam in the Treatment of Plaque Psoriasis: A Review of the Literature

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Psoriasis is a common chronic immune-mediated skin disease which has a significant impact on patients' quality of life, and is associated with numerous comorbidities (i.e., psoriatic arthritis, Crohn's disease and cardiovascular disease). A greater understanding of its immunopathogenesis has guided the development of novel, more targeted therapies. Nonetheless, traditional treatment with topical agents, phototherapy and systemic medications is used in the management of the majority of psoriasis patients. Mainstay topical treatments include corticosteroids and vitamin D derivatives. Calcipotriene/betamethasone dipropionate aerosol foam is a novel single product combination, which seeks to provide superior therapeutic efficacy in addition to enhanced cosmetic properties. This article reviews the literature on the pharmacology and clinical data in terms of safety, efficacy and patient satisfaction of this topical medication.
Protein phosphatase 4 is required for centrosome maturation in mitosis and sperm meiosis inC. elegans

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The centrosome consists of two centrioles surrounded by the pericentriolar material (PCM). In late G2 phase, centrosomes enlarge by recruiting extra PCM,and concomitantly its microtubule nucleation activity increases dramatically. The regulatory mechanisms of this dynamic change of centrosomes are not well understood. Protein phosphatase 4 (PP4) is known to localize to mitotic centrosomes in mammals and Drosophila. An involvement of PP4 in the mitotic spindle assembly has been implicated in Drosophila, but in vivo functions of PP4 in other organisms are largely unknown. Here we characterize two Caenorhabditis elegans PP4 genes, named pph-4.1 and pph-4.2. Inhibition of the function of each gene by RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) revealed that PPH-4.1 was essential for embryogenesis but PPH-4.2 was not. More specifically, PPH-4.1 was required for the formation of spindles in mitosis and sperm meiosis. However, this phosphatase was apparently dispensable for female meiotic divisions, which do not depend on centrosomes. In the cell depleted of pph-4.1 activity,localization of γ-tubulin and a Polo-like kinase homologue to the centrosome was severely disturbed. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that PPH-4.1 was present at centrosomes from prophase to telophase, but not during interphase. These results indicate that PPH-4.1 is a centrosomal protein involved in the recruitment of PCM components to the centrosome, and is essential for the activation of microtubule nucleation potential of the centrosome. Furthermore, chiasmata between homologous chromosomes were often absent in oocytes that lacked pph-4.1 activity. Thus, besides promoting spindle formation, PPH-4.1 appears to play a role in either the establishment or the maintenance of chiasmata during meiotic prophase I.
The Procurement 4.0 Contributions to Circular Economy

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study examines the potential of Procurement 4.0 as a driving force for the circular economy. While the circular economy’s principles are gaining increasing importance, their impact on established procurement practices necessitates exploration. This research investigates how Procurement 4.0 contributes to circularity within business processes. By employing the Delphi Method, the study identifies Industry 4.0 applications that hold promise for optimizing procurement within a circular economy framework. The findings demonstrate that Procurement 4.0, aligned with sustainability goals and leveraging enabling technologies, can enhance business competitiveness in a circular economy context.
PMO-31 Rapidity of ulcerative colitis symptom improvements during filgotinib induction: phase 2b/3 SELECTION study post-hoc analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction

Filgotinib (FIL) is a preferential Janus kinase 1 inhibitor. SELECTION was a phase 2b/3 randomised, double-blind, placebo (PBO)-controlled trial to evaluate FIL for the treatment of moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC) (NCT02914522). The aim of this post hoc analysis was to assess the speed of improvement in patient-reported outcomes (PROs) during FIL treatment.

Methods

Eligible patients who were biologic-naïve or -experienced were enrolled in induction study A or induction study B, respectively. In each study, patients were randomised 2:2:1 to receive FIL 100 mg, FIL 200 mg or PBO once daily orally for 10 weeks. In this post hoc analysis, data from daily patient diaries up to day 15 of induction, including Mayo stool frequency subscores (SF; range, 0 [normal] to 3 [≥5 stools/day more than normal]) and rectal bleeding subscores (RB; range, 0 [no blood] to 3 [passing blood alone]), were used to evaluate the proportion of patients achieving predefined subscores or subscore reductions.

Results

Induction studies A and B comprised 659 and 689 patients, respectively. Baseline characteristics were similar across treatment groups. In induction study A, more patients treated with FIL 200 mg vs PBO reported a reduction in SF of ≥1 from baseline as early as day 6 (FIL 200 mg, 35.8%; PBO, 20.6%, p<0.01), and a reduction in RB of ≥1 from baseline as early as day 4 (FIL 200 mg, 36.9%; PBO, 23.7%; p<0.01). In induction study B, more patients treated with FIL 200 mg vs PBO reported a reduction in SF of ≥1 from baseline as early as day 2 (FIL 200 mg, 21.6%; PBO, 12.1%; p<0.05) and a reduction in RB of ≥1 from baseline as early as day 3 (FIL 200 mg, 29.5%; PBO, 17.6%; p<0.01). More patients receiving FIL 200 mg vs PBO achieved the composite score of RB=0 and SF≤1 as early as day 9 in induction study A (FIL 200 mg, 18.8%; PBO, 9.5%, p<0.05)and as early as day 7 in induction study B (FIL 200 mg, 10.7%; PBO, 4.2%, p<0.05).

Conclusions

In this post hoc analysis of induction study data from SELECTION, improvements in SF and RB were observed within the first week of therapy with FIL 200 mg, compared with PBO. These data demonstrate that FIL 200 mg has rapid onset of action, as assessed by PROs, in both biologic-naïve and biologic-experienced patients with moderately to severely active UC.
Black Mobilization in Pre-Revolutionary Cuba: Regeneracion and Bicultural Nationalism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Many black Cubans decided to join the Cuban criollo separatists in their fight for independence from Spain in the late nineteenth century because rebellion seemed to promise a means to end slavery and shake their bonds of second class citizenship. To a large degree this was true as Cuban independence represented a multiracial triumph that ignored race and social status. Racial fraternity quickly faded, though, as the twentieth century began and black Cubans found themselves in the same disadvantaged position as before independence. This essay discusses how racism and limitations on black organization in the early republic dashed any real hopes for social mobility and spurred many Afro-Cubans to seek alternative ways to fight for racial and socioeconomic equality. I will focus on how Afro-Cuban racial awareness and black organization grew following the disappointments of Cuban independence and how the application of the 1910 Morua amendment restricting political organizations and the 1912 massacre of thousands of Afro-Cubans forced black activists to seek less direct means to redress problems of poverty and inequality. Following an analysis of why many black Cubans renounced assimilation and decided to organize based on race, I will discuss the small political space within which Afro-Cubans were able to operate and the various strategies they employed to avoid being labeled as racists and anti-Cuban. These strategies were generally passive in nature, though, and employed racial uplift or regeneracion as a means to become accepted by white society. Considering that many black elites accepted racial uplift as a means to fight for black opportunities and equality, I will evaluate if this strategy served their goals of penetrating white society at the expense of poorer Afro-Cubans. I will also focus on the rare efforts of Juan Rene Betancourt, one of the very few black activists that rejected regeneracion and endorsed black nationalism as the sole means to achieve racial equality in Cuba. The paper will conclude with an analysis of the efficacy of black Cuban organizations to improve the position of blacks in Cuban society leading up to the 1959 revolution and why they were not more successful.
Feasibility of peripheral blood stem cell rescue as intensification in elderly patients with acute myelocytic leukaemia: a pilot study from the Gimema Group

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Elderly patients with untreated acute myeloid leukaemia (AML, n = 47) tested the feasibility of out‐patient consolidation therapy and post‐consolidation treatment (for patients aged < 71 years) with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (APBSCT). Overall, 13 patients out of 24 (51%) who achieved complete remission (CR) were eligible for further treatment after consolidation. Five patients were primed with granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF); a suitable number of CD34 + cells were harvested in three patients and were actually autotransplanted. The toxicity of APBSCT was negligible. Psychosocial problems impaired treatment of some patients on an out‐patient basis. Resistant disease, toxicity and logistic problems reduced the number of patients to whom this procedure could actually be applied.
FDA Approves First Biosimilar to Treat Cancer

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract The FDA approved the VEGF inhibitor bevacizumab-awwb for the treatment of five types of cancer: nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer, metastatic colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and glioblastoma. A biosimilar to bevacizumab, the agent is the first such drug approved for the treatment of cancer.
Visual Analog Scale Scores for Labor Pain

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

I agree that "to ascribe one single total pain score for an entire labor would present…difficulties to researchers seeking to assess subtle…differences among drugs and/or techniques." However, our article considered not the evaluation of new drugs or therapies, but rather statistical methodologies to measure their cost-effectiveness as labor analgesics. Consideration of both the magnitude and duration of pain (total pain) relief provided by a drug or therapy is necessary to perform a cost-effectiveness analysis. Additional studies are required to assess patients' relative valuations for different magnitudes and durations of pain. The visual analog scale is a vertical or horizontal line, usually 10 cm in length, with descriptive words such as "no pain" and "worst pain imaginable" written at the end points. The patient marks the line at the point that they consider represents the amount of pain they are experiencing at that moment. The psychometric basis for the visual analog scale relates to power functions relating (i) the subjective magnitude of pain to the true magnitude of the pain stimulus and (ii) the subjective magnitude of linear distance to the true distance along a line. In contrast, the Apgar score assigns numerical values to nonoverlapping clinical categories. The two are different from a psychometric perspective. Franklin Dexter, MD, PhD Department of Anesthesia; University of Iowa; Iowa City, IA 52242
The impact of Oporto Airport on the development of the Norte Region of Portugal

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The decision of TAP was rightly seen as a downgrade of Oporto Airport's position in TAP's network, motivating harsh public reaction from several businessmen and politicians, including the mayors of Oporto and of several municipalities of the Norte Region. Besides the Norte Region, it encompasses large parts of the Centro Region and of Galicia. Summing up, the results of our study indicate that Oporto Airport activity has influenced in a significant way the economic performance of the three areas of the Norte Region. The chapter analyses the impact of Oporto Airport on the economy of the Norte Region between 2000 and 2016, considering different sectors and how this impact was felt in three different areas of the region at different distances from the airport. It provides the evidence that Oporto Airport activity had a significant impact on the economic performance of the Norte Region in the period under analysis.
Four Station Knee Simulator Wear Testing Comparing Titanium Niobium Nitride with Cobalt Chrome

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A new non-destructive method was applied in order to assess bone integrity. The method is based on measurement of bHypersensitivity to an orthopaedic implant was first published in 1966 and since then, in sensitive patients, is known to cause serious problems in joint replacement surgery. Titanium niobium nitride (TiNbN) can act as a surface coat for knee arthroplasty to “hide” the cobalt chrome (CoCr) femoral component beneath, therefore affording an immunoprivileged state. The aim of this study is to determine the wear properties of titanium niobium nitride against Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) compared to cobalt chrome and to examine the metallic alloy surface \nof knee prostheses after loading cycles using a knee simulator. Three TiNbN coated and one CoCr Vanguard total knee femoral components were articulated against standard UHMWPE grade tibial inserts in the Stanmore-Instron knee simulator. Surface roughness, UHMWPE mass, lowest point, surface profiles and volumetric change were measuredevery one million cycles up to five million cycles. After five million cycles the average roughness of the cobalt chromemedial and lateral femoral condyles was over three times that of the TiNbN coated femoral condyles. There was no \nobvious difference in weight loss, volume loss or progression of lowest points of the tibial inserts articulating with the \nTiNbN coated and the cobalt chrome femoral component. Despite a clear reduction in roughness progression over the \ncourse of this in vitro test, there was no demonstrable improvement in UHMWPE wear measured gravimetrically or by \nsurface profiling. The TiNbN implant tested may still be of great benefit to patients who are metal sensitive, but the coat \noffers no benefit in UHMWPE wear.
E-Module of Cost Estimating Course in Building Construction Vocational Undergraduate Program Faculty of Engineering Universitas Negeri Jakarta

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This R&D aims to develop e-modules based on blended learning in the cost esti-mating course. The research used the R&D method with the 4D (four-D) model carried out through four main stages, namely define, design, development, and dissemination. The e-module development was limited only to the assessment and limited dissemination to experts or the development stage. This study used a questionnaire as a tool to test the feasibility of the instructional through expert validation and student assessment. The results obtained from Instructional experts, material, and students showed that this electronic module is suitable for use in cost estimating subject in Building Construction Vocational Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Jakarta. However, further research is needed on the fourth stage (disseminate).