jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
PSVII-21 Determination of apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in various hatchery by-products for broiler chickens

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The Korean poultry industry produces more than 4,000 tons of hatchery by-products (HBPs) every year. There is an increasing interest in the use of HBPs as a feed ingredient in The Korean feed industry. However, limited information regarding nutritional values for HBPs has been available. Thus, we conducted an experiment to measure apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AAs) in 4 different HBPs for broiler chickens. Four HBPs included infertile eggs (IFE), unhatched eggs (UHE), low grade and dead chicks (LDC), and mixture (MIX) containing 55% IFE, 10% UHE, 10% LDC, and 25% hatched eggshells. A total of three-hundred-thirty-six 21-d-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 7 replicates per treatment. Each diet contained individual HBP as a sole source of AAs. Additional 125 birds were used to estimate ileal endogenous losses of AAs. Results indicated that the AID and SID of 5 essential AAs (Arg, Met, Trp, His, and Val) for LDC were greatest (P &lt; 0.05), but those (Arg, Met, and Trp) for MIX were the least (P &lt; 0.05) among 4 HBPs. The AID and SID of most AAs in IFE were comparable to those in UHE. However, the AID and SID of 3 essential AAs (Lys, Leu, and Phe) were not different among 4 HBPs. The average AID and SID of both essential and nonessential AAs (18 AAs) for LDC were greatest (P &lt; 0.05), but those for MIX were the least (P &lt; 0.05) among 4 HBPs. In conclusion, HBPs used in this experiment contain high amounts of digestible AAs, which are comparable to other animal by-products. Generally, AAs in LDC are more digestible than AAs in other 3 HBPs (UHE, IFE, and MIX).
Optical Properties of Crosslinked Chitosan Thin Film with Glutaraldehyde Using Surface Plasmon Resonance Technique

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

<strong>Problem statement: </strong>The aim of this research is to study the optical properties of crosslinked chitosan thin film with glutaraldehyde using Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) technique. <strong>Approach:</strong> The crosslinked chitosan is synthesized by homogeneous reaction of medium molecular weight chitosan in aqueous acetic acid solution with glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent. Four different amount of chitosan, i.e., 0.40, 0.50, 0.60 and 0.70 g of chitosan, were dissoloved in 50 ml acetic acid separately. Glass cover slips (as substrates) were first coated with two sets of different thickness of gold layer. Then the amount of 0.55 mL of each crosslinked chitosan solution was spin coated onto the gold layer. <strong>Results:</strong> Using developed multilayer Matlab fitting program (matrix method based), the experimental surface plasmon resonance curves were fitted to obtain the thickness and refractive index of crosslinked chitosan thin film. The real and imaginary part of refractive index of crosslinked chitosan thin film are (1.540 &plusmn; 0.005) and (0.015 &plusmn; 0.002), respectively. <b>Conclusion:</b> The results are similar for all different thickness of the thin films and not affected by the thickness of gold layer. This study is important for future research on multilayer SPR sensor.
Quantitative comparison of DTI and STI principal eigenvectors

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) and Susceptibility Tensor Imaging (STI) are two MRI techniques that produces anisotropy information and fiber direction of biological tissue. For the brain, it has been suggested that both principal eigenvectors (PEV) point towards the same direction (i.e., direction of myelinated axons). However, different resolution of both techniques might produce differences in the PEVs. We proposed a quantitative method to compare DTI and STI PEVs based on the cosine of their angular difference. As expected, we found that PEVs from STI and DTI show similar directions in white matter and that consistency is lost for gray matter and CSF.
Extended Abstract Rotopod: A Novel Approach To Efficient Legged Locomotion

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A number of attempts have been made to integrate the efficiency of wheeled locomotion with the terrain versatility of legged locomotion, e.g., Univ.Michigan’s Rhex platform and Case Western’s Whegs. Those platforms cast legs as rotating spokes placed traditionally at the corners of a rectangular platform. In this paper, we present an alternate approach, with three legs radiating down from a central hub. The energy to move the platform is generated by a rotating reaction mass mounted at the hub and, at rest, rotating parallel to the ground plane.\nOur approach is to construct a platform whose natural, uncontrolled motion is energy efficient and useful, and which requires only a small amount of control to produce effective locomotion. We describe the platform and analyze the characteristics of its uncontrolled motion. Several strategies to produce directed motion will be presented and evaluated. Simulation models and a prototype platform have been built and will be discussed.
Edible Xanthan/Propolis Coating and Its Effect on Physicochemical, Microbial, and Sensory Quality Indices in Mackerel Tuna (Euthynnus affinis) Fillets during Chilled Storage

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Worldwide aquaculture production is increasing, but with this increase comes quality and safety related problems. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop potent technologies to extend the shelf life of fish. Xanthan gum is commonly used in the food industry because of its high-water solubility, stability of its aqueous solutions in a wide pH range, and high viscosity. One of its modern food applications is its use as a gelling agent in edible coatings building. Therefore, in this study, the effect of xanthan coating containing various concentrations (0, 1, 2%; w/v) of ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) on physicochemical, microbial, and sensory quality indices in mackerel fillets stored at 2 °C for 20 days was evaluated. The pH, peroxide value, K-value, TVB-N, TBARS, microbiological and sensory characteristics were determined every 5 days over the storage period (20 days). Samples treated with xanthan (XAN) coatings containing 1 and 2% of EEP were shown to have the highest level of physicochemical protection and maximum level of microbial inhibition (p < 0.05) compared to uncoated samples (control) over the storage period. Furthermore, the addition of EEP to XAN was more effective in notably preserving (p < 0.05) the taste and odor of coated samples compared to control.
EmPHasis-10 health-related quality of life score predicts outcomes in patients with idiopathic and connective tissue disease-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension: results from a UK multi-centre study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scores assess symptom burden in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) but data regarding their role in prognostication and risk stratification are limited. We assessed these relationships using the emPHasis-10 HRQoL measure. 1745 patients with idiopathic or connective tissue disease-associated PAH who had completed emPHasis-10 questionnaires between 2014-17 at 6 UK referral centres were identified. Correlations with exercise capacity and WHO functional class (FC) were assessed, and exploratory risk stratification thresholds were tested. Moderate correlations were seen between emPHasis-10 scores and 6-minute walk distance (r=-0.546), incremental shuttle walking distance (r=-0.504) and WHO FC (r=0.497; p all <0.0001). Distribution of emPHasis-10 differed significantly between each WHO FC (p all <0.0001). At multivariate analysis, emPHasis-10, but not WHO FC, was an independent predictor of mortality. In a risk stratification approach, scores of 0-16, 17-33 and 34-50 identified incident patients with oneyear mortality of 5%, 10% and 23%, respectively. Survival of patients in WHO FC III could be further stratified using an emPHasis-10 score ≥34 (p<0.01). At follow-up, patients with improved emPHasis10 had improved exercise capacity (p<0.0001), and patients who transitioned risk groups demonstrated similar survival to patients originally in those risk groups. The emPHasis-10 score is an independent prognostic marker in patients with idiopathic or connective tissue disease-associated PAH. It has utility in risk stratification in addition to currently used parameters. Improvement in emPHasis-10 score is associated with improved exercise capacity.
Plane wave diffraction by a wedge with finite impedance

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A theory is presented for the diffraction of acoustic waves by barriers with finite acoustical impedance, the shape of the barriers being such that, insofar as diffraction into the shadow zone is concerned, they may be idealized as semi-infinite wedges. The analytical development is based on the known exact solution for plane wave diffraction by a finite impedance wedge, versions of which have been previously given in the literature by Williams [Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A: 252, 376–393 (1959)], by Senior [Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 12, 337–372 (1959); Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A: 213, 436–458 (1952)], and by Maliuzhinets [Sov. Phys. Acoust. 1, 152–174; 240–248 (1955)]. This solution is described in detail and the asymptotic limit is derived in a form which demonstrates the satisfaction of the reciprocity principle. Practical implementation is discussed, both through numerical examples and through the presentation of graphs of quantities which will be helpful in barrier design.
[Anatomic study on the mechanism of tear trough deformity and palpbromalar groove deformity].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Tear trough deformity and palabromalar groove deformity are resulted from combination of age-related relaxation, atrophy and ptosis of layers of tissues. The orbital septal and the orbicularis retaining ligament prevent tissues from descending, which makes tear trough deformity and palabromalar groove deformity more visible.
Is there any possible role for telocytes in the pathogenesis of musculoskeletal diseases?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Telocytes (Tc) are newly discovered histological cells that are scattered within most of the tissues and organs including the musculoskeletal system.They are a peculiar type of interstitial cells with very long prolongations termed telopodes (Tp).They have also been isolated and cultured from tissues in vitro.Some recent researches have been done handling the possible physiological function of these cells and the pathophysiological role in some musculoskeletal diseases.In any case, future functional studies of telocytes in vivo will help to understand the mechanism by which telocytes contribute to tissue homeostasis in health and disease.Aim: We are in need to highlight on these cells to widen the scope of research about the potential hidden roles of telocytes in the pathogenesis of some rheumatic diseases.Conclusion: Hence this review focuses on the latest progresses regarding Tc in the pathogenesis and/or repair and regeneration of different tissues like skeletal muscle, synovium and peripheral nerves.
Direct and Indirect Effects of Customer Satisfaction through Product and Service Quality–A Study of Phu Nhuan Jewelry Stores in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

 Abstract—This study was conducted to identify the relationship between customer satisfaction, service quality and product quality of Phu Nhuan Jewelry (PNJ) stores in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). In addition, this study also examined the impacts of four independent variables which are tangibles, assurance, empathy and price and the intervening variables of perceived service quality and perceived product quality on customer satisfaction. Quantitative approach was the major method used, with statistical techniques applied, including factor, multiple regression, and path analyses. The unit of analysis was at individual level with the target population of all customers of PNJ Company. The empirical results of this study provided an insight of how customers assessed the product and service quality of PNJ stores in HCMC in order to make appropriate adjustments and effective improvements for the business. Based on the path analysis results about the direct and indirect effects of independent variables on the dependent variable, this study suggests that in order to achieve high customer satisfaction, PNJ stores should increase level of service and product quality, improve physical representation of the service (tangibles), promote staff's inspiration of trust and confidence (assurance), provide more empathy to customers, and offer better price.
Digital health interventions for cardiovascular disease: A review of recent developments

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Digital healthcare is revolutionizing cardiovascular care by enhancing diagnostic accuracy, treatment precision, and patient management. This review highlights key advancements, including the integration of smartphones and tablets with echocardiogram transducers for remote diagnosis, particularly in underserved regions. Emerging technologies such as 3-D printing are expected to make cardiac valve replacements more affordable, while artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming diagnostic practices by improving image analysis and risk prediction. Wearable devices, equipped with sensors for monitoring heart rate, rhythm, and other vital signs, offer real-time data that aids in early detection and personalized treatment. Mobile health applications facilitate immediate cardiac care and long-term management by leveraging the portability of smartphones. The Internet of Things (IOT) further enhances cardiovascular care by enabling comprehensive, remote monitoring and efficient data management. Collectively, these innovations are not only advancing the accuracy and accessibility of cardiovascular diagnostics but also empowering patients through more personalized and proactive healthcare approaches. This review explores the impact of these technologies on improving cardiovascular health outcomes and highlights future directions for further advancements.
Error characteristics of CDMA and impact on voice, e-mail, and Web pages

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A code division multiple access (CDMA) wireless network is simulated to analyze errors, determine impact on services and provide an upper bound on the number of active channels. The simulation emphasizes the encoder, decoder/correlator, and a threshold detector; but assumes a resultant Gaussian function for the "air interface" noise. Since the characteristics of a wireless environment vary significantly, we examine, as a whole, the errors on the received signal without accounting for specific error contributions from power, fading, propagation, interference from other users, and other factors in such an environment. The CDMA encoder uses the 64 Walsh codes that are specified in the draft Wideband CDMA Air Interface Compatibility Standard for 1.85 to 1.99 GHz PCS Applications. We use a digitized actual speech database to test for the intelligibility of the voice service over such a CDMA air interface. Therefore, we are able to learn about the nature of the errors inherent in such a frequency spreading technique and also determine an upper bound on the simultaneous active channels that would preserve the quality of service (QOS).
Design and validation of a rapid nucleic acid assay for a point-of-care platform enabling the diagnosis of oral infections

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Nahezu jeder zweite Mensch ist von einer oralen Erkrankung betroffen. Während manche Länder mit limitierter Infrastruktur kämpfen, verzeichnen andere Anstiege aufgrund von zu hohem Zucker-, Alkohol- und Tabakkonsums. Die Behandlungskosten sind enorm, obwohl Krankheiten wie Karies, Gingivitis und Periodontitis präventiv behandelt werden können. Eine Prävention setzt jedoch die korrekte Diagnose des vorherrschenden Gesundheitsstatus voraus. Es benötigt daher neue diagnostische Verfahren, beispielsweise Point-of-Care (POC) Tests.Im Fokus dieser Dissertation stand daher die Entwicklung eines POC kompatiblen qPCR Assays und die Quantifizierung zehn oraler Taxa in 214 Probanden, welche initial in die Untergruppen Gesund, Karies und Periodontitis eingeteilt wurden. Eine zweite Studie beschäftigte sich mit der Quantifizierung von 44 Wirts-Biomarkern als auch Bakterien in 73 Probanden, welche wiederum in Gesund, Gingivitis und Karies eingeteilt wurden.Acht von zehn Taxa wiesen einen statistisch signifikanten Unterschied zwischen der Gesunden- und Periodontitis-Untergruppe auf. Nur ein Stamm S. mutans, ermöglichte eine Differenzierung zwischen Karies- und Periodontitis-Patienten (p < 0.05). Eine Hauptkomponentenanalyse (PCA) sowie ein Random Forest (RF) Model auf Basis der Biomarker Messungen deutete auf vier Proteine (IL-4, IL-13, IL-2-RA and eotaxin/CCL11), mit deren Hilfe 37 von 38 Patienten ihrer korrekten Karies Untergruppe zugeordnet werden konnten. Die Prognose mittels RF Models wurde an Studienteilnehmern (Fünf Karies-/Gingivitis-frei, und fünf mit Karies) validiert welche über einen Zeitraum von 6 Monaten betreut wurden. Erste Ergebnisse deuten auf eine erhöhte Sensitivität des Biomarker-Assays im Vergleich zur konventionellen Befundung hin. Zudem lassen die Daten einen Zusammenhang zwischen Karies und dem JAK/STAT Signalweg vermuten. Diese Studie trug zum generellen Verständnis oraler Krankheiten bei und bereitete den Weg für neue diagnostische Ansätze.
Nutritional Regulation of Cultured Analogues of Human Skin

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Applications for a valid analogue of human skin include treatment of full-thickness skin wounds, alternatives to animals for safety testing of consumer products, and investigations of skin biology and pathology. In vitro models of cultured skin have been developed from combinations of cultured human keratinocytes and fibroblasts, and biopolymer substrates, but none has yet demonstrated regeneration of functional epidermal barrier. Formation of epidermal barrier in cultured skin depends greatly on the nutritional composition of incubation media to regulate proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes into corneocytes and barrier lipids of stratum corneum. To simulate wound healing by keratinocytes, culture media should promote rapid proliferation early in the incubation period, followed by reduced proliferation and stimulation of synthesis of corneocytes and barrier lipids. Although functional epidermal barrier has not yet been produced in vitro, transplantation of cultured skin to animals and humans has demonstrated that true epidermal barrier can be generated by cultured epithelium. Understanding of the regulatory factors that promote stratum corneum formation has great potential for the generation of true epidermal barrier in vitro. Standardization and validation of analogues of human skin for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes will lead to meaningful advances in public health and safety.
CHARACTERISTIC OF THE HEMOLYSIN OF EDWARDSIELLA TARDA

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Aim study the characteristic of the hemolysin of Edwardsiella tarda. Methods Manner plate assay, contact hemolysis and supernatant assay were used.Result discuss the factors about affecting hemolysis activity and testing have been discussed.Conclusion there are at least two kinds of hemolysins of Edwardsiella tarda, activity of which is different with circumstance changing.
Deep learning for simultaneously interpreting 3D seismic horizons and faults by estimating a relative geologic time volume

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

To train our deep convolutional neural network for Relative Geologic Time (RGT) estimation and fault detection tasks, we automatically generate 400 pairs of synthetic training datasets including 3D seismic images and the corresponding label images (including RGT and fault volumes) with the ground truth of the geologic structures simulated in the seismic images. 1) The "seis.zip" contains 400 3D seismic images and each image is with the dimension of 128X256X256; 2) The "rgt.zip" contains 400 RGT volumes and each volume is with the same dimension of 128X256X256. 3) The "fault.zip" contains 400 label images of the faults and each label image is with the same dimension of 128X256X256.
The intrinsic effects of shell thickness on the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis over core–shell structured catalysts

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A series of core–shell catalysts with cobalt nanoparticles coated by silica shells were prepared to provide an insight into the effects of the shell thickness on the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. The catalysts displayed uniform silica shell thicknesses in the range of 4.3–18.2 nm as ascertained by TEM. From the H2 chemisorption results, increasing the shell thickness did not reduce the number of active sites due to the similar active cobalt surface areas. Even though the reducibility determined by H2-TPR decreased rapidly with the increase in shell thickness, the catalytic activity was not evidently reduced. The hydrocarbon products shifted to shorter chains and the C15–C18 selectivity had a volcano-type dependence as the shell thickness increased, which is probably because thicker shells contribute to more severe diffusion limitations of the reactants.
Impact of Inhalation Flow, Inhalation Volume and Critical Handling Errors on Delivered Budesonide/Formoterol Dose in Different Inhalers: An In Vitro Study

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Inhaled drugs are essential for treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but drug delivery via the respiratory tract is complex. Correct inhaler use is challenging as inhalers differ and inhaler technique errors are common. This in vitro study examined impact of inhalation flow, volume, and shaking of commonly used budesonide/formoterol (BUD/FORM) dry powder inhalers (DPIs). Two strengths of each included BUD/FORM DPI, Turbuhaler, Easyhaler and Spiromax, were examined. Fine particle dose (FPD) was measured using the Next Generation Impactor, at fixed pressure drops of 2, 4 and 6 kPa. Delivered dose (DD) for inhalation volume and shaking tests was performed at an airflow rate equivalent to a 4-kPa pressure drop, collected on Respirgard II, 303EU filters. FPD flow rate dependence was similar for all inhalers and strengths. BUD/FORM Turbuhaler and Easyhaler were unaffected by inhalation volume, whereas Spiromax showed significant inhalation volume dependence with about 50% decrease for both inhaler strengths. For a BUD/FORM Turbuhaler 160/4.5-µg/dose, there were no differences in the DD between shaking and no shaking, whereas the higher strength showed a 10% decrease after shaking. BUD/FORM Easyhaler DD decreased with about 50% for both strengths when the device was not shaken, while Spiromax decreased with 20% for the lower strength and 80% for the higher strength when shaken. This study revealed significant differences in inhaler performance after testing at different inhalation flow and volume and following exposure to potential pre-inhalation handling errors, which may lead to decreased drug delivery to the lungs. AstraZeneca