jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Do nations just get the inequality they deserve? The 'Palma Ratio' re-examined

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper aims to re-examine inequality in the current era of neo-liberal globalisation, with an emphasis on both highly unequal middle-income countries that have already implemented full-blown economic reforms (like Latin America and South Africa), and on OECD countries (like the US) now intent on replicating the inequality heights of the former. i) How do those middle-income countries end up having such unequal distributional outcomes? ii) Since oligarchies all over the world would gladly reproduce the same conditions, why until recently have only a few been able to get away with this degree of inequality? And iii) Why are there suddenly so many new entrants to the high-inequality club, especially from the OECD? In other words, how did Reagan and Thatcher and the fall of the Berlin Wall trigger a new process of "reverse catching-up", by which now it is the highly-unequal middle-income countries showing the advanced ones the shape of things to come? One might even argue that in the US not only is the 1% catching up with their Latin counterparts (who are used to appropriating between a quarter and a third of overall income), but that new developments such as Trump may be part of the same phenomenon: it is now the South that seems to show the North 'the image of their own future'. And regarding that future, it is tempting to say "welcome to the Third World"! We are all indeed converging in this neo-liberal era but, somehow unexpectedly, this convergence is towards features that so far have characterised a number of middle-income countries - e.g. huge inequalities due to mobile élites creaming off the rewards of economic growth, and 'magic realist' politics (that may lack self-respect but not originality). I also discuss why Piketty's persistence with the neo-classical theory of factor shares - a pretty much obsolete 1950s-style approach to the distribution of income - prevents him from bringing our understanding of current distributive affairs forward as much as he might. His neo-classical analysis not only does not 'fit the facts' (he has to resort to questionable parameters), but also leads him into a methodology and social ontology that assumes that particularly complex and over-determined processes (like the distribution of income) are just the simple sum of their parts. Therefore, their account can be reduced to the algebraic description of individual constituents (e.g., inequality as basically an endogenous outcome of r>g - and that would be all). I also outline an alternative narrative regarding why inequality is becoming so extreme in formerly more enlightened affluent societies. I conclude that in order to understand current distributive dynamics what really matters is to comprehend the forces determining the share of the rich — and in terms of growth, what they choose to do with it!
Supplementary Table S8 from Identification and Functional Validation of Reciprocal microRNA–mRNA Pairings in African American Prostate Cancer Disparities

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Table S8. Significant pathways identified by GSEA in A) AA PCa vs. EA PCa, B) AA PCa vs AA NP, and C) EA PCa vs EA NP</p>
Impacts of Some Biostimulants on the Phenolic Synthesis and Furanochromones Content in Ammi visnaga L.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The traditional medicinal Ammi visnaga L. plants can be considered as an important economic source of raw materials for the drug industry. Nowadays, increasing the drug raw materials by using safe and favourable treatments is an important issue. So searching for the proper concentration of the suitable bioregulators which achieving high growth rate and enhancing chemical constituents of A. visnaga plants is the goal of this investigation. Foliar application of different concentrations of eitheramino acids (tyrosine and phenylalanine) and phenolic acids (trans-cinnamic acid, benzoic acid and salicylic acid) displayed significant positive effects on the accumulation of chemical constituents including phenolic compounds, flavonoids and total furanochromones in A. visnaga L. Moreover, the high-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that some phenolic acids are highly increased, decreased or disappear in A. visnaga plants treated with various concentrations of amino acids and phenolic compounds as being compared with untreated control plants. Ferulic acid, cinnamic acid, coumaric acid and P-hydroxy benzoic acid are the most dominant phenolics in Ammi plants. Phenolics are more effective in stimulating the accumulation of phenols, flavonoids, chromones and consequently the scavenging capacity compared with the investigated aromatic amino acids. Such stimulatory effects are positively related to the applied investigated concentrations of the applied bioregulators. Indeed, Ammi plants treated with phenolics particularly benzoic acid (20 mg L−1) exhibited the greatest accumulated levels of phenolics and chromones there by enhancing thee conomic source of raw materials for drug industry.
An assessment model of corporate social responsibility practice in the tourism industry

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has gradually become a concern of many companies in the tourism industry. A substantial number of companies have implemented CSR programmes to pursue economic and environmental win–win situations while acting in a socially responsible manner. This study constructs an assessment model of CSR practice in the tourism industry to provide for more effective implementation of CSR. First, the researchers reviewed CSR-related literature and conducted in-depth interviews with industry experts. Based on the literature and the interviews, five dimensions, including Economy, Environment, Society, Culture and Consequence, and 15 criteria were extracted to form the assessment model. Second, the study examined the model's validity and established a consensus among the perspectives of academia, government and industry using the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM). Finally, the study adopted the DEMATEL and DEMATEL-based Analytical Network Process (ANP) technique to understand the causal relations and weights among the factors. The results indicated that Environment is the most influential dimension, Consequence is the most important dimension in the assessment model and Sustainable Cultural Inheritance is the most important criterion among all of the CSR practice criteria. Implications for application are discussed at the end of the paper.
ENCEPHALOGRAPHY PATTERNS IN SEAMEN AND STUDENTS DURING AN ARCTIC TRIP

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Comparative data obtained by encephalographic studies of seaman and trainees during their first arctic navigation are reported. Significant differences between the two groups were found in the thirty-day time-courses of changes in encephalographic parameters. The findings suggest that adaptation responses of the central nervous system involve the beta- and theta-activities of the temporal-occipital zone. At the start of navigation, the subjects were somewhat stressed by the adverse arctic conditions as confirmed by increases in brain bioelectric activity. By the end of navigation, trends to EEG normalization were more pronounced in seamen. The data may be used for assessing body responses to extreme naval conditions.
Silver jewelry of Hellenistic and Celtic type from Hrtkovci in Srem

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Group find of the silver jewelry of the Hellenistic and Celtic type has been discovered by chance in the area of the Hrtkovci village. The find consists of gilded hinged fibula, three fibulae of the Middle La T?ne type and many pendants made of thin silver foil. Most of the finds are dated in the 2nd-1st century BC and only the new type of hinged fibula dates from considerably earlier period, possibly from the end of 4th or the beginning of the 3rd century BC. The new finds of silver jewelry discovered in the area of eastern Srem and dating from the Pre-Roman times confirm the existence of the local workshop connected most probably to the Pre-Roman fortified settlement in Sremska Mitrovica.
REVIEW OF THE SUSTAINABLE BUILT ENVIRONMENT IN 1998–2015

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

A city is a complex physical and social phenomenon that is under constant development and undergoes quantitative and qualitative changes. The welfare of the whole society depends on the sustainability of the built environment. The article presents a review of the literature on the sustainable built environment, which was made on the basis of the Thomson Reuters Web of Science Core Collection database. The analysed articles were published between 1998 and 2015. The analysis of the number of publications was made according to years of publication, countries, research areas and the Web of Science categories. 31 article and review document type were selected for a detailed analysis by three key Web of Science categories: environmental science, environmental studies, and construction and building technology.
McLure Shale of the Coalinga Region, Fresno and Kings Counties, California

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The McLure shale is a name given by the writer to the brown shale of the southern Coalinga region, previously termed Santa Margarita (?) shale on the geological maps of the U. S. Geological Survey. It is found, however, that this shale lies with an angular unconformity on Santa Margarita sandstone (Miocene), and that the Etchegoin (Pliocene) lies unconformably on the shale. Whether it is upper Miocene or lowest Pliocene in age has not been determined. In view of these recent observations, a new name for the shale is imperative.
Herbage growth models as aids for managing intensively grazed grassland in Western Europe

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Estimates of variation in herbage growth are presented to demonstrate the problems which unforeseen variation can create for management of intensively grazed grassland in temperate Western Europe. The role of growth models in predicting herbage availability as a component in feed budgeting is described. Herbage growth models share a common structure and produce output in response to weather conditions; others also take account of soil properties. Growth models can be applied as aids to grassland management either as 'stand alone' models or can be an integral part of a decision support system and used to predict outcomes from whole farming systems. Although the reliability of models has been well demonstrated in many instances, their value to farmers as an aid to managing grassland intensively needs to be re-enforced.
How Moral Codes Evolve in a Trust Game

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper analyzes the dynamic stability of moral codes in a two population trust game. Guided by a moral code, members of one population, the Trustors, are willing to punish members of the other population, the Trustees, who defect. Under replicator dynamics, adherence to the moral code has unstable oscillations around an interior Nash Equilibrium (NE), but under smoothed best response dynamics we obtain convergence to Quantal Response Equilibrium (QRE).
The Value of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators in Managing Atrial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Jefferson University&apos;s Center for Teaching and Learning (CTL). The Commons is a showcase for Jefferson books and journals, peer-reviewed scholarly publications, unique historical collections from the University archives, and teaching tools. The Jefferson Digital Commons allows researchers and interested readers anywhere in the world to learn about and keep up to date with Jefferson scholarship. This article has been accepted for inclusion in Cardiology Faculty Papers by an authorized administrator of the Jefferson Digital Commons. For more information, please contact:
Symptom Provocation More Likely Following Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening in Athletes with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Vestibular and ocular-motor impairments are routinely reported in patients with a sports-related concussion (SRC) and may result in delayed return to play. The Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS), a brief clinical assessment for vestibular and ocular-motor impairments, has been shown to be a sensitive clinical assessment for identifying patients with a concussion. However, in athletes with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the VOMS may not be indicated as these patients exhibit impairment of the ocular-motor system in the absence of concussive injury. Thus, VOMS findings in an athlete with ADHD may be overstated and a higher proportion of athletes reporting symptom provocation are likely. PURPOSE: To determine if differences exist between those athletes with and without ADHD in relation to symptom provocation during VOMS. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of patient (n = 223; 80 girls, 143 boys) records (age range: 11-19 yr; mean ± SD; 15±2) of those presenting with SRC from Jan - Dec 2014 was conducted. As part of the initial visit a VOMS assessment was performed by trained medical personnel who documented symptom provocation using a dichotomous scale (0=not present, 1=present). The VOMS used in this clinic consisted of the following domains: smooth pursuits (SMO_PUR), horizontal (HOR_) and vertical saccades (VER_SAC), horizontal (HOR_) and vertical vestibular ocular reflex (VER_VOR), convergence (CONV), and accommodation (ACCOM). Diagnostic history of ADHD was self-reported. χ2 analyses for categorical variables was used to examine relationship between ADHD and VOMS symptom provocation. RESULTS: ADHD was present in 14.3% of patients. A greater proportion of patients with ADHD reported symptom provocation in the following VOMS domains: SMO_PUR (57.6% vs. 36.6%; p = 0.023), HOR_SAC (69.7% vs. 48.7%; p =0.026), HOR_VOR (64.5% vs. 41.8%; p = 0.019). VER_SAC (69.7% vs. 53.8%; p = 0.089) approached significance. No difference was observed in proportion presenting with or without ADHD in domains of VER_VOR, ACCOM, or CONV. CONCLUSION: Athletes with ADHD may report symptom provocation during specific domains of the VOMS assessment more often than those athletes without ADHD. These findings may have important implications in the diagnosis and treatment of concussions in athletes with ADHD.
Multiple Parathyroid Adenomas

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Multiple parathyroid adenomas have been an unusual cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. Contralateral neck exploration might not be required if normal microscopic features are seen in the ipsilateral gland where an adenoma was found. We have treated four consecutive patients with multiple parathyroid adenomas and reemphasize the principle of thorough bilateral neck exploration. Excision of only the enlarged parathyroid glands was performed; subtotal parathyroidectomy has not been required. (JAMA1981;246:1332-1334)
Experimental study of the chemical and immunological properties of functional cookies fortified with pumpkin seed powder and its effects on hypoimmune experimental Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study was conducted to estimate the influence of pumpkin seed powder supplementation on the chemical composition of cookies also immune system function in immunocompromised laboratory rats. The chemical composition of cookies made by replacing wheat flour with 15 and 30% of pumpkin seed powder was high in protein, fat, ash (minerals) and fiber, but low in carbohydrates. Twenty white male rats were divided into four groups, the first group, the negative control group (-V) were fed cookies made of 100% wheat flour. Laboratory animals were dosed in the following groups (the infected positive control group was fed cookies made from 100% wheat flour, groups (3 and 4) were fed cookies containing 15 and 30% of pumpkin seed powder, respectively) orally 0.3 μl Sandimmune Immunosuppressive for 7 days until symptoms of reduced immunity appear. The results indicated the immunocompromised rats that fed cookies containing (15 and 30%) of pumpkin seed powder led to a weight gain of the rats in groups 3 and 4, which was at 68 and 77 gm, respectively, compared to the infected control group, which was at 36 g. There was also a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins and very low-density lipoproteins and a significant increase (P < 0.05) in high-density lipoproteins compared to the positive control group (infected). Moreover, immunosuppressed laboratory rats treated with cookies made with pumpkin seed powder had a significant effect on improving blood parameters (RBCs, Hb, HCT, WBC and Net) and the values average of immunoglobulins (IgM, IgA and IgG) compared to The positive (infected) control group. The current study recommended eating pumpkin seeds for patients with low immunity.
Solute effects on deformation and fracture of beta brass

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

It is shown that the ductility of several ternary beta brass alloys in air and in several liquid metals can be related to the operative slip and grain boundary relaxation processes. Nickel and manganese were chosen as alloying elements because they are expected to respectively enhance and suppress cross slip in beta brass. Single-phase binary and ternary beta brass alloys were used in both polycrystalline and single crystal form.
Effect of polyploidy on phosphoglucose isomerase diversity in Festuca microstachys.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Studies of the inheritance of electrophoretic banding patterns in Festuca microstachys support the hypothesis that three closely related loci, one located in each of the three ancestral genomes, code the multiple phosphoglucose isomerase (glucosephosphate isomerase; D-glucose-6-phosphate ketol-isomerase, EC 5.3.1.9) variants found in this hexaploid species. The close relationship among the three loci is indicated by the observation that hybrid enzymes of intercistronic origin form when the loci in different genomes carry alleles coding homodimers with unlike migration rates. Homozygous individuals fixed for different alleles in different genomes produce hybrid enzymes and, when self-fertilized, they breed true for isozyme patterns normally found only in the heterozygotes of diploid species. Biochemical diversity due to this "fixed heterozygosity" is high in F. microstachys; although this species is more than 99% self-fertilized the proportion of individuals with at least one heterodimer exceeded 61% in all of the 16 natural populations studied and it exceeded 92% in 11 of the populations. This great biochemical diversity may contribute to the ability of F. microstachys to survive in the wide range of habitats in which it is found over western North America.
A New Look at U.S. Foreign Policy toward Cuba

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the 33 years since the Cuban revolution, U.S. foreign policy toward Cuba has remained virtually unchanged. Now that Communism in the Soviet Union is dead and Cuban-Soviet relations are weak, it's time for the United States to revisit its foreign policy toward Cuba. To understand how current policy was developed, this research paper presents the following: (1) a chronology of U.S. foreign policy toward Cuba, (2) a brief history of Cuba through today, (3) an explanation of Cuba's leadership structure, (4) an illustration of the current changing environment, and (5) a number of factors that must be considered before the formulation of a new foreign policy. The paper presents three alternative policies and their advantages and disadvantages. He then recommends a new policy that would ease pressures, lift the embargo, and improve information flow between the United States and Cuba.
Social media efficacy and workplace relationships

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose With the increase of social media usage in the workplace as a background, this paper specifically addresses social media efficacy's and social media privacy's impact on supervisor and subordinate trust, affective organizational commitment (AOC) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) through the theoretical lens of communication privacy management (CPM) theory. Design/methodology/approach An online survey of 337 full- and part-time workers was conducted. Findings Path models showed that social media efficacy positively influenced social media privacy which in turn impacted both supervisor trust and subordinate trust. Supervisor trust was positively related to AOC, while subordinate trust positively influenced OCB. t -tests revealed differences between workers who have social media relationships with supervisors and/or subordinates and those workers without such relationships. Practical implications If workers believe they are adept at using social media, they will also be less concerned about the company's ability to infringe upon privacy through unwanted access to social media content. If social media efficacy drives perceptions of social media privacy and indirectly influences trust and organizational outcomes then it may be worthwhile for organizations to help enhance workers' feelings of social media efficacy through professional development programs. Originality/value This study is the first to extend research on workplace communication privacy into the realm of social media. Social media relationships also influence the work environment. These findings can be used as information in future research as well as policy development and professional development programs.
Persistent Depressive Disorder or Dysthymia: An Overview of Assessment and Treatment Approaches

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Persistent depressive disorder or dysthymia is a recurrent depressive disorder with no clearly demarcated episodes. Onset is insidious and can occur in adolescence or adulthood. Dysthymia frequently remains unrecognized and undiagnosed for years. Co-morbid major depression, anxiety, personality, somatoform and substance abuse disorders are common. Symptoms center on sad mood, pessimism and hopelessness. Sufferers experience significant functional \nimpairment and are at risk of death by suicide. Those most at risk are female, unmarried, live in high income countries and have family histories of depression. Screening instruments include the Cornell Dysthymia Rating Scale (CDRS). Typical treatments are antidepressant medications and cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy (CBASP). This paper provides health professionals with an overview of assessment and treatment approaches in dysthymia.
Aircraft Parameter Estimation Using Optimal Control Methods

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the paper at hand, a parameter estimation problem for a dynamic aircraft model is solved using direct optimal control methods. After stating the general problem, the maximum likelihood cost function is rephrased in order to formulate the problem as a standard optimal control problem. The parameters of two linear models, one for the lateral and one for the longitudinal motion of an aircraft, are estimated based on artificial measurements that have been created using a non-linear simulation. The initial guess required for the optimal control problem is created using the ordinary least squares method. The simulated results, using the identified model, show good accordance with the real output histories. The resulting dynamic properties are compared to the linearized dynamics and to results obtained with an implementation of standard parameter estimation algorithms. In both cases, close agreement was observed.