jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
LCA Tool for Sustainability Evaluations in the Pharmaceutical Industry

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This article describes an Excel based tool specifically designed to perform the life cycle assessment (LCA) and the sustainability evaluation of pharmaceutical products and /or processes. In the current state of development the tool deals with the case study of the production of a lyophilized product for intravenous injection, with an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) produced by fermentation using genetically modified organisms. A gate-to-gate (GTG) analysis is done, considering the API production, the final product formulation, its storage and distribution, and the auxiliary operations involved. These steps are included in the aforementioned tool, and a set of sustainability indicators is proposed to make a quantitative sustainability assessment of this pharmaceutical product and process, based on the relevant impacts identified on its life cycle. Despite the limitations, the LCA and the sustainability assessment tool presented here can be easily modified to other types of pharmaceutical processes, given that good descriptions of them are available.
Amyloidosis Presenting as Lymphadenopathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Recent years have seen a revival of interest in amyloidosis, particularly the primary type.The very extensive literature describes involvement of virtually every organ in the body, and amyloidosis is now considered in the differential diagnosis of many obscure cases.Relatively few authors have described amyloid involvement of lymph nodes, and these include Binford (1940), Pearson et al. (1941), Lindsay
Depth‐Oriented Values Extraction

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The author examines the role of values in the career decision‐making process and describes Depth‐Oriented Values Extraction (DOVE) as a process that translates various types of psychological data (e.g., Holland‐type themes) into values‐based terms and language that facilitate career decision making. The author presents a case study to demonstrate the implications of DOVE for career counseling and makes suggestions for counselors.
Certain Fourier operators and their associatedPoisson summation formulae on GL1

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we explore a possibility to utilize harmonic analysis on $\GL_1$ to understand Langlands automorphic $L$-functions in general, as a vast generalization of the pioneering work of J. Tate. For a split reductive group $G$ over a number field $k$, let $G^\vee(\BC)$ be its complex dual group and $\rho$ be an $n$-dimensional complex representation of $G^\vee(\BC)$. For any irreducible cuspidal automorphic representation $\sig$ of $G(\BA)$, where $\BA$ is the ring of adeles of $k$, we introduce the space $\CS_{\sig,\rho}(\BA^\times)$ of $(\sig,\rho)$-Schwartz functions on $\BA^\times$ and $(\sig,\rho)$-Fourier operator $\CF_{\sig,\rho,\psi}$ that takes $\CS_{\sig,\rho}(\BA^\times)$ to $\CS_{\wt{\sig},\rho}(\BA^\times)$, where $\wt{\sig}$ is the contragredient of $\sig$. By assuming the local Langlands functoriality for the pair $(G,\rho)$, we show that the $(\sig,\rho)$-theta functions \[ \Theta_{\sig,\rho}(x,\phi):=\sum_{\alp\in k^\times}\phi(\alp x) \] converges absolutely for all $\phi\in\CS_{\sig,\rho}(\BA^\times)$, and state conjectures on $(\sigma,\rho)$-Poisson summation formula on $\GL_1$. Then we prove conjectures when $G=\GL_n$ and $\rho$ is the standard representation of $\GL_n(\BC)$ . The proof uses substantially the local theory of Godement-Jacquet for the standard $L$-functions of $\GL_n$ and the Poisson summation formula for the classical Fourier transform on affine spaces. As an application, we provide a spectral interpretation of the critical zeros of the standard $L$-functions $L(s,\pi\times\chi)$ for any irreducible cuspidal automorphic representation $\pi$ of $\GL_n(\BA)$ and idele class character $\chi$ of $k$, which is a reformulation in the adelic framework of the work of A. Connes and is an extension from the Hecke $L$-functions $L(s,\chi)$ to the automorphic $L$-functions $L(s,\pi\times\chi)$.
Taxation, Data and Destination - An Analysis of the Compatibility of a Digitalized Destination-Based Corporate Tax and a Destination-Based Cash-Flow Tax with International and EU Tax and Data Protection Law Frameworks

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The digitalized economy poses challenges and issues to traditional corporate taxation that require modifications in the way companies are taxed under international tax law. The thesis discusses two tax proposals to face some of the main issues, such as the intangibility of business assets and operations, the lack of physical presence of businesses in market jurisdictions, as well as non-taxation under both corporate income tax and value added tax in these jurisdictions. One of the tax proposals is the destination-based cash-flow tax that has been elaborated on mainly in economic literature. The other proposal has been drafted by the author and is named "digitalized destination-based corporate tax". The thesis analyzes the business and legal context in which the two taxes would operate: beyond the testing of the two model taxes against several digitalized business models, the relevant legal frameworks known in taxation and composed by double taxation conventions, EU law and WTO law are analyzed. Moreover, considering that the place of destination is determined by reference to the place of customers or users, corporate taxpayers likely need to collect and process (personal) data of these third parties in order to determine their place of tax liability. Thus, the thesis also examines potential data protection law interferences.
Optimizing nitrogen fertilizer for improved root growth, nitrogen utilization, and yield of cotton under mulched drip irrigation in southern Xinjiang, China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract

The root system plays a crucial role in water and nutrient absorption, making it a significant factor affected by nitrogen (N) availability in the soil. However, the intricate dynamics and distribution patterns of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) root density and N nutrient under varying N supplies in Southern Xinjiang, China, have not been thoroughly understood. A two-year experiment (2021 and 2022) was conducted to determine the effects of five N rates (0, 150, 225, 300, and 450 kg N ha− 1) on the root system, shoot growth, N uptake and distribution, and cotton yield. Compared to the N0 treatment (0 kg N ha− 1), the application of N fertilizer at a rate of 300 kg N ha− 1 resulted in consistent and higher seed cotton yields of 5875 kg ha− 1 and 6815 kg ha− 1 in 2021 and 2022, respectively. This N fertilization also led to a significant improvement in dry matter weight and N uptake by 32.4% and 53.7%, respectively. Furthermore, applying N fertilizer at a rate of 225 kg N ha− 1 significantly increased root length density (RLD), root surface density (RSD), and root volume density (RVD) by 49.6-113.3%, 29.1–95.1%, and 42.2–64.4%, respectively, compared to the treatment without N fertilization (0 kg N ha− 1). Notably, the roots in the 0-20cm soil layers exhibited a stronger response to N fertilization compared to the roots distributed in the 20-40cm soil layers. The root morphology parameters (RLD, RSD, and RVD) at specific soil depths (0–10 cm in the seedling stage, 10–25 cm in the bud stage, and 20–40 cm in the peak boll stage) were significantly associated with N uptake and seed cotton yield. Optimizing nitrogen fertilizer supply within the range of 225–300 kg N ha− 1 can enhance root foraging, thereby promoting the interaction between roots and shoots and ultimately improving cotton production in arid areas.
The potential role of YAP in Axl-mediated resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a transcription co-regulator downstream of the Hippo pathway, and plays a critical role in cancer. Although YAP regulation in the canonical Hippo pathway is well established, the Hippo-independent regulation of YAP is not well explored. Here, we showed the possible new mechanism of YAP regulation by the receptor tyrosine kinase Axl. Co-immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis demonstrated the interaction between YAP and Axl, which was enhanced by Axl ligand Growth Arrest Specific 6 (GAS6) stimulation. Furthermore, we found that YAP is phosphorylated at tyrosine residues by GAS6 stimulation in vivo and Axl directly phosphorylates YAP in vitro. Axl overexpression or GAS6 stimulation increased YAP-mediated transcriptional activity, and YAP-mediated colony forming activity in soft agar was enhanced by co-expression of Axl. In EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-sensitive lung cancer cells, YAP protein was downregulated in response to TKI treatment, while overexpression of YAP attenuated TKI sensitivity, suggesting that YAP is a key determinant of TKI response. Moreover Axl overexpression reversed TKI-induced YAP downregulation and induced TKI-resistance, which was reversed by YAP knockdown, further supporting the notion that YAP functions downstream of Axl. Together, these findings suggest a novel role of YAP in Axl-mediated TKI resistance.
The differentiation status of luminal-type breast cancer–derived organoids can be altered in vitro through the activation of NOTCH signaling

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Drug therapy of luminal-type breast cancer has advanced remarkably; however, its effectiveness continues to be limited by primary and acquired treatment resistance. To identify the means of overcoming such resistance, in vitro disease models that faithfully reproduce the characteristics of original patient tumors must be developed. Although the three-dimensional culturing of breast cancer cells has been improved, the changes in differentiation status and underlying mechanisms require further elucidation. Methods The organoids from 33 luminal-type breast cancers were prepared using a method developed by us. Using immunohistochemistry and gene expression profiling, the levels and time courses of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, Ki67, and differentiation marker expression were monitored during culture as well as the variation among the patients and individual organoids. Furthermore, we examined the effect of NOTCH inhibitor treatment on differentiation status. Results We successfully prepared organoids from samples obtained from 33 patients with luminal-type breast cancer and studied their ER expression. The expression status was well maintained in primary organoids, whereas it decreased after passaging in most of the cases. In fact, the studied organoid lines were classified into those that retained a high level of ER expression (9%), those that completely lost it (9%), and those that repressed it to varying degrees (82%). In some cases, the ER expression was suddenly and drastically decreased after passaging. Marker protein immunohistochemistry revealed that after passaging, the differentiation status shifted from a luminal- to a basal-like status. Differentially expressed genes suggested the activation of NOTCH signaling in the passaged organoids, wherein a NOTCH inhibitor was able to substantially rescue the decreased ER expression and alter the differentiation status. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the differentiation status of luminal-type cancer cells is quite flexible, and that by inhibiting the NOTCH signaling we can preserve the differentiation status of luminal-type breast cancer organoids.
Effect of Soil Characteristics on Potato Tuber Minerals Composition of Selected Kenyan Varieties

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The current study was set up to evaluate the effect of soil characteristics on selected potato tuber minerals composition.Eight sites located in Nyandarua County in Kenya were selected for this study.The study was carried out between April and September 2013.Soil samples were randomly collected from representative portion of the field in each site.All the samples from each site after packing were taken for laboratory analysis for minerals analysis using standard methods.Well sprouted diffused light stored (DLS) seeds and fresh potato seeds from four varieties (Kenya Mpya, Dutch Robjin, Tigoni and Cangi) were grown in four sites under standard conditions.After harvesting, ten mature tubers of each variety per site and seed potato storage were packed in net bags and taken for minerals evaluation.Data was analyzed using statistical system version 9.Soil minerals differed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) with sites.Generally, potato tuber minerals significantly (p ≤ 0.05) differed with sites, potato varieties and seed potato storage (fresh or eight-month DLS seed).There was a positive correlation between potato tuber minerals levels and the soil minerals content.Potato minerals were thus affected by potato variety, seed potato storage and soil characteristics in a production site.DLS seed storage should be adopted so as to produce improved nutritious potatoes for processing.Soil and potato tuber analyses should be extended to other potato growing areas and should be conducted regularly after every two years for potatoes nutritional improvement.
drglm: Fitting Linear and Generalized Linear Models in "Divide and Recombine" Approach to Large Data Sets

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

To overcome the memory limitations for fitting linear (LM) and Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) to large data sets, this package implements the Divide and Recombine (D&R) strategy. It basically divides the entire large data set into suitable subsets manageable in size and then fits model to each subset. Finally, results from each subset are aggregated to obtain the final estimate. This package also supports fitting GLMs to data sets that cannot fit into memory and provides methods for fitting GLMs under linear regression, binomial regression, Poisson regression, and multinomial logistic regression settings. Respective models are fitted using different D&R strategies as described by: Xi, Lin, and Chen (2009) <doi:10.1109/TKDE.2008.186>, Xi, Lin and Chen (2006) <doi:10.1109/TKDE.2006.196>, Zuo and Li (2018) <doi:10.4236/ojs.2018.81003>, Karim, M.R., Islam, M.A. (2019) <doi:10.1007/978-981-13-9776-9>.
A Study on the Change of Perception in the Step-by-Step Method of the Adult Harmonica

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

본 연구는 평생교육에 대한 성인들의 관심이 증가함에 따라 다양한 연주활동과 교육 현장에서 성인 복음 하모니카를 보다 효과적으로 연주할 수 있도록 하모니카의 이해와 단계별 주법을 통해 악곡에 따른 인식의 변화를 살펴보고자 한다. 연구방법은 선행연구를 통한 문헌연구를 중심으로 이루어졌고 보다 심층적인 연구결과를 도출하기 위하여 심층면담의 질적 연구를 동시에 구성하였다. 연구의 참여자는 경남 J시 K대학교 평생교육원 하모니카반 수강생 4명을 대상으로 2019년 6월~9월까지 총 120시간 동안 실행 하였다. 그 결과, 본 연구에서는 악기 이해와 성인학습자의 단계별 성취목표를 제안하여 효과적인 연주능력 향상을 이끄는 주법에 대해 10가지로 도출하고 선행주법 교육을 통한 학생들의 인식 변화를 알 수 있었다. 이상의 내용을 바탕으로 체계적이고 다면적인 성인 복음 하모니카 연주의 활성과 교육의 발전을 고무시키는 영향을 기대한다.
Thermal Rearrangements of 2-Ethynylbiphenyl: A DFT Study of Competing Reaction Mechanisms

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Mechanistic pathways for high-temperature rearrangements of 2-ethynylbiphenyl have been investigated by calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory, with free energy estimates at 625 degrees C. Two different routes for high temperature thermal rearrangement can lead to phenanthrene, which was the major product observed by Brown and co-workers (J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1974, 123). 1,2-Hydrogen shift (Hopf type B mechanism) affords a vinylidene which proceeds to the major product by sequential electrocyclic closure and a 1,2-shift, rather than the expected aryl C-H insertion. Alternatively, insertion of the vinylidene into a ring double bond would lead directly to the observed minor product, benzazulene. Along a competitive pathway, electrocyclic closure to an isophenanthrene is predicted to be nearly isoenergetic. This intermediate should have a planar allene structure, with substantial diradical character. Sequential hydrogen shifts lead to phenanthrene but with higher cumulative barriers than for the vinylidene route. Calculation of 625 degrees C free energies shows that the carbene mechanism is of lower energy, primarily because of the lower entropic cost. Predictions are made for the unusually facile hydrogen atom dissociation from isoaromatics at high temperature, a consequence of aryl radical formation. Isophenanthrene, isobenzene (1,2,4-cyclohexatriene) and several isonaphthalenes are also predicted to have unusually low C-H bond dissociation energies. Potential significance as a source of aryl radicals in high temperature and combustion chemistry is discussed.
Towards Verifiable Specifications for Neural Networks in Autonomous Driving

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Autonomous driving functions increasingly incorporate machine learning methods for perception, environment modeling and decision making. The ever-present danger of unintended behavior of neural networks has given cause for concern in safety-critical applications and has spurred research towards the establishment of certified properties. In our work we present a general approach for exploring guaranteed properties of neural networks through a specific use case. We first methodically specified several desired properties for an ideal traffic sign classifier. Then we applied a mixed integer linear programming verification method to certify (or conversely, falsify) that our pre-trained rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation network will satisfy given properties under all conditions. We established through relaxations of our initial specification that our model does in fact happen to guarantee certain (but not all) properties at a different threshold. We thus showed that it is possible to establish the degree to which non-trivial and humanly meaningful properties are inherently guaranteed by an arbitrary pixel space ReLU network. We believe this approach can be a helpful addition in comprehensively evaluating the reliability of a network via quantifying its degree of compliance to an ideal specification.
Self consistent kinetic simulations of SPT and HEMP thrusters including the near-field plume region

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Particle-in-Cell (PIC) method was used to study two different ion thruster concepts - Stationary Plasma Thrusters (SPT) and High Efficiency Multistage Plasma Thrusters (HEMP-T), in particular the plasma properties in the discharge chamber due to the different magnetic field configurations. Special attention was paid to the simulation of plasma particle fluxes on the thrusters channel surfaces. In both cases, PIC proved itself as a powerful tool, delivering important insight into the basic physics of the different thruster concepts. The simulations demonstrated that the new HEMP thruster concept allows for a high thermal efficiency due to both minimal energy dissipation and high acceleration efficiency. In the HEMP thruster the plasma contact to the wall is limited only to very small areas of the magnetic field cusps, which results in much smaller ion energy flux to the thruster channel surface as compared to SPT. The erosion yields for dielectric discharge channel walls of SPT and HEMP thrusters were calculated with the binary collision code SDTrimSP. For SPT, an erosion rate on the level of 1 mm of sputtered material per hour was observed. For HEMP, thruster simulations have shown that there is no erosion inside the dielectric discharge channel.
Cost of Illness Due to Severe Enteric Fever in India

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Lack of robust data on economic burden due to enteric fever in India has made decision making on typhoid vaccination a challenge. Surveillance for Enteric Fever network was established to address gaps in typhoid disease and economic burden. Methods Patients hospitalized with blood culture-confirmed enteric fever and nontraumatic ileal perforation were identified at 14 hospitals. These sites represent urban referral hospitals (tier 3) and smaller hospitals in urban slums, remote rural, and tribal settings (tier 2). Cost of illness and productivity loss data from onset to 28 days after discharge from hospital were collected using a structured questionnaire. The direct and indirect costs of an illness episode were analyzed by type of setting. Results In total, 274 patients from tier 2 surveillance, 891 patients from tier 3 surveillance, and 110 ileal perforation patients provided the cost of illness data. The mean direct cost of severe enteric fever was US$119.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], US$85.8–152.4) in tier 2 and US$405.7 (95% CI, 366.9–444.4) in tier 3; 16.9% of patients in tier 3 experienced catastrophic expenditure. Conclusions The cost of treating enteric fever is considerable and likely to increase with emerging antimicrobial resistance. Equitable preventive strategies are urgently needed.
Cluster model of ensuring the competitiveness of organic products

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Проаналізовано фактичний стан та основні тенденції розвитку органічного виробництва у Чернігівській області та в Україні в цілому. Визначено місце підприємств органічного сільського господарства у структурі сучасного сільського господарства. Встановлено зв'язки між органічними товаровиробниками та іншими операторами агропродовольчого ринку. Розроблено кластер агропромислових виробників органічної продукції для забезпечення конкурентоспроможності органічної продукції.
Fuel Ethanol Business Threatened by Tax Reform

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTFuel Ethanol Business Threatened by Tax ReformWhether U.S. producers can sustain strong growth in output into 1990s depends on federal and state tax breaks, many of which are under fireEARL V. ANDERSONView Author Information C&ENCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1986, 64, 11, 14–15Publication Date (Print):March 17, 1986Publication History Published online7 November 2010Published inissue 17 March 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v064n011.p014https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v064n011.p014newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1986 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views7Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Bioethanol,Fuels Get e-Alerts
Penguin pathology

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract At least 50% of the yellow eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes) breeding population of 240 died on Otago Peninsula during the summer of 1990. Penguin chicks and non-breeding birds were not affected. A large number of laboratory investigations were carried out on the dead birds. Infectious agents, chemical and biological toxins, and starvation were ruled out as the cause of death. A description of the outbreak and details of the tests carried out was given.