jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Tight-binding view of alloy scattering in III-V ternary semiconducting alloys

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The contribution of alloy scattering to the electronic scattering rate at the Brillouin-zone center in 18 III-V ternary semiconducting alloys is calculated in the Born approximation using the semi-empirical tight-binding parameters of Vogl, Hjalmarson, and Dow. Three types of disorder for a ternary alloy of the type ${A}_{x}{B}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{C}$ are included in these calculations. These are (1) ordinary diagonal disorder or disorder in the diagonal tight-binding energies associated with the constituents $A$ and $B$, (2) off-diagonal disorder or disorder in the tight-binding transfer energies between the constituents $A$ and $C$ and the constituents $B$ and $C$, and (3) redistribution disorder which takes into account the fact that the diagonal tight-binding energy of constituent $C$ is different in substance $\mathrm{AC}$ than in substance $\mathrm{BC}$. The latter two types of disorder are taken into account for the first time by our calculations, and we show that all three types of disorder can make roughly equal and sometimes competing contributions to the alloy scattering rate. Scattering rates appropriate for both conduction-band and valence-band scattering are presented and chemical trends in these rates for the alloys considered are predicted.
One step polishing to compare the mean surface roughness of nanohybrid and microhybrid composite resins

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Objectives: This study's goal was to compare the mean surface roughness of nano hybrid and micro hybrid composites using a one-step polishing method. This comparison was made based on the idea that a material with reduced surface roughness will exhibit superior perishability, aesthetics, surface & optical properties, which means less wear, less staining, low plaque, and low caries rate. Methodology: This comparative study was carried out in April 2023 at the Ayub Medical College in Abbottabad, Pakistan, with a sample size of 100 (50 in each group), determined by the WHO calculator. Using a mechanical stainless steel template, 120 composite resin specimens mounted on acrylic blocks with dimensions of 2 mm x 3 mm x 3 mm were created. Results: 100 samples, separated into two groups, were used in this study. According to descriptive statistics, mean surface roughness and standard deviations for Nano hybrid composite in Group A were recorded as 0.076+0.025 and for Micro hybrid composite in Group B, they were 0.001+0.036. Conclusion: After polishing with a one-step procedure, there is a noticeable difference between the surface roughness of nano hybrid and micro hybrid composite resins, indicating that the former has higher polish ability than the latter.
Reforming the IMF: some organizational and operational issues

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

While financial crises during the 1990s have started a lively debate on IMF policies toward member countries, reform of the Fund's organisational structure and operations have been largely ignored. Improved organisation and operations would increase IMF efficiency and membership participation, which would in turn increase IMF effectiveness in enhancing global economic conditions. In this paper, a number of such issues--quotas, voting structure and decision making; executive board and ministerial committees; management structure and staff; political dimensions, transparency andcredibility--are assessed. JEL Codes: E02, F33
Development of Novel Flattening Method for Bamboo Cane by the High-Pressure Steam Processing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

竹材の利用用途の拡大を目指し,丸竹を外皮及び内皮をつけたまま完全展開し,平板化することを試みた。3-5年生のマダケ(円周240-275mm)を高圧水蒸気で軟化し,横型圧入装置を用いて外周を徐々に絞り込みながら内周220mmのパイプ内に圧入した。得られた圧縮丸竹に軸方向に沿って一か所割れ目をいれ,温水(70-80℃)中で加熱しながら平板状に展開した。予備展開された竹材をステンレス製の治具にはさみ,プレスによって完全に平板に展開した。圧縮時の最適軟化条件は140℃-30分処理であり,圧縮の成功率および平板展開の成功率により,最適圧縮率は14%-19%であった。これは圧縮により試料の外径が未圧縮の試料の内径よりも小さくなることで,展開時に要求される内周の伸びを満たすことができるために完全平板展開を容易に実現できたものと考えられる。平板化された竹材を180℃-4分の高圧水蒸気で形状固定処理を行い,完全平板展開竹材を得ることに成功した。
Equipping Future Nonprofit Professionals With Digital Literacies for the 21st Century

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Digital technologies now permeate the professional interaction, access, and distribution of information. Future nonprofit professionals must obtain the necessary skills and knowledge to leverage the power of digital technologies in an ethical and appropriate manner. The challenge for educators and their students moving into the profession-al realm involves the disruption of traditional forms of professional training through digital technologies. This paper demonstrates how technology is utilized to equip students with digital literacies through the evaluation of a course that included digital technologies. The course focused on communication, marketing, and digital activism in the nonprofit and voluntary sector. Data were gathered over four semesters, and findings indicate that through participation in the course students experienced growth in digital literacies across all domains. Educators can help prepare future professionals by equipping them with the necessary digital literacies to ensure they become competent professionals. Subscribe to JNEL
Design and Development of Multipurpose Data Acquisition for Effective Transportation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The most pressing problem in contemporary cities is traffic. In order to offer people with efficient, quiet driving and a life free of pollutants, traffic regulation becomes more essential. The work is intended to create a system in which all modules are connected to a single control unit that can control, detect, and report any system faults as well as to develop a single module that can improve the efficiency of vehicle transportation on roads, control energy-efficient LED street lights, and design a module that can detect emergency vehicles and alert other vehicles on the road so that emergency vehicles can arrive at their destination in time.
Multiscale Progressive Text Prompt Network for Medical Image Segmentation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The accurate segmentation of medical images is a crucial step in obtaining reliable morphological statistics. However, training a deep neural network for this task requires a large amount of labeled data to ensure high-accuracy results. To address this issue, we propose using progressive text prompts as prior knowledge to guide the segmentation process. Our model consists of two stages. In the first stage, we perform contrastive learning on natural images to pretrain a powerful prior prompt encoder (PPE). This PPE leverages text prior prompts to generate multimodality features. In the second stage, medical image and text prior prompts are sent into the PPE inherited from the first stage to achieve the downstream medical image segmentation task. A multiscale feature fusion block (MSFF) combines the features from the PPE to produce multiscale multimodality features. These two progressive features not only bridge the semantic gap but also improve prediction accuracy. Finally, an UpAttention block refines the predicted results by merging the image and text features. This design provides a simple and accurate way to leverage multiscale progressive text prior prompts for medical image segmentation. Compared with using only images, our model achieves high-quality results with low data annotation costs. Moreover, our model not only has excellent reliability and validity on medical images but also performs well on natural images. The experimental results on different image datasets demonstrate that our model is effective and robust for image segmentation.
Risk-Constrained Unit Commitment of Power System Incorporating PV and Wind Farms

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Wind and solar (photovoltaic) power generations have rapidly evolved over the recent decades. Efficient and reliable planning of power system with significant penetration of these resources brings challenges due to their fluctuating and uncertain characteristics. In this paper, incorporation of both PV and wind units in the unit commitment of power system is investigated and a risk-constrained solution to this problem is presented. Considering the contribution of PV and wind units, the aim is to determine the start-up/shut-down status as well as the amount of generating power for all thermal units at minimum operating cost during the scheduling horizon, subject to the system and unit operational constraints. Using the probabilistic method of confidence interval, the uncertainties associated with wind and PV generation are modeled by analyzing the error in the forecasted wind speed and solar irradiation data. Differential evolution algorithm is proposed to solve the two-stage mixed-integer nonlinear optimization problem. Numerical results indicate that with indeterminate information about the wind and PV generation, a reliable day-ahead scheduling of other units is achieved by considering the estimated dependable generation of PV and wind units.
Incidence of Campylobacter jejuni/coli from Healthy People in Yamaguchi, Japan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Campylobacter jejuni/coli is recognized as a common bacterial cause of enteritis. Many workers have reported that Campylobacter enteritis is a disease as common as Salmonellosis. On the other hand, it has been reported that the incidence of symptomless excreters is less than 1% in industrialized countries. The numbers which have been tested by almost all workers were too small to be able to achieve statiscal significans of the sex, age and other incidence, though.We studied the frequency of incidence of C. jejuni/coliin stools of healthy people. During the period from July 1980 to May 1982, 836 healthy persons were tested for 1-9 times, once every two months, basically. But, positive persons were tested at the next month also, so a total of 3385 stools were tested.C. jejuni/coli was isolated from 41 out of 3357 fecal specimens (isolation rate was 1.22%). The frequency of isolation rates were 0.62-2.19 during a year. The isolation rate in winter (2.19%) was significantly higher than in summer (0.62%) and autumn (0.62%) (p< 0.05). It was not clear whether or not the isolation rates were different. The frequency of isolation rate is more or less equal between sexes (male 0.82%, female 1.25%). Teen agers had significantly higher isolation rates (4.17%) than the elder age groups (0.64-1.50%) (p< 0.05). It may be derived that Campylobacter enteritis is more frequent in children. C. jejuni/coli in stools had disappeared till one or two months after the first isolation.
Abstract 326: Cd36 Deficiency Reduces Obesity-associated Inflammation And Oxidative Stress In Heart

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: Obesity is often associated with diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Mounting evidence shows that diabetes is associated with structural and functional changes in the heart. CD36 protein is highly expressed in heart and regulates lipid utilization in cardiacmyocytes. In this paper, we investigated the impact of CD36 expression on obesity-associated inflammation and oxidative stress in heart. METHODS: Studies were conducted in control lean (WT), obese leptin deficient (Lep Ob/Ob ) and leptin deficient-CD36 null (Lep Ob/Ob -CD36 -/- ) mice. To examine obesity-associated insulin resistance, glucose uptake and insulin signaling were examined in adult mouse hearts. Presence of macrophages in heart was examined with immunohistochemisty. Oxidative stress makers and activity of anti-oxidant enzymes were measured in hearts. To evaluate substrate utilization, glucose and fatty acid oxidation was tested in primary cultures of ventricular myocytes. Finally, the activity of pro-inflammatory kinases p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38-MAPK), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNK) were examined in cardiacmyocytes challenged with palmitate. RESULTS: In Lep Ob/Ob , glucose uptake and oxidation in heart was lower than lean WT mice, while cardiac FA oxidation was strongly higher. Silencing CD36 in Lep Ob/Ob mouse markedly improved insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in heart, but resulted in marked reduction of FA oxidation. Immunostaining of heart sections with macrophage specific antibody F4/80 showed that macrophage content was higher in myocardium of Lep Ob/Ob mice than Lep Ob/Ob -CD36 -/- mice. Moreover, oxidative stress markers, isoprostanes and reactive oxygen species, and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines were higher in hearts of Lep Ob/Ob than Lep Ob/Ob -CD36-/- mice, although the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes were comparable. Chronic overload of Lep Ob/Ob cardiac myocyte with palmitate strongly induced the activity of JNK and p38-MAPK, but was less effective in Lep Ob/Ob -CD36 -/- cardiac myocytes. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that CD36 deficiency induced a significant reduction of obesity-associated oxidative stress and inflammation in heart in parallel to a drop in fatty acid oxidation.
Dominance-based rough set analysis for understanding the drivers of urban development agreements

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The rise of neoliberalism in the context of urban development has en- couraged the cooperation between public and private parties. This co- operation is structured by contracts, generally called Urban Develop- ment Agreements (DAs). Being part of the urban regeneration strate- gies, these projects aim at achieving a durable improvement of an area according to sustainability principles. Thus, within the negotiation be- tween private and public, multiple and conflicting instances have to be faced case by case. Despite the uniqueness of each DA, it is possi- ble to define a set of pertinent characteristics that play a crucial role in determining the fairness and appropriateness of the public-private part- nership. Given this context, the work proposes the Dominance Rough Set Approach (DRSA) for exploring the relationship between condi- tion attributes or criteria and decision with the aim of supporting ne- gotiations on the basis of specific features of the DA under evaluation. Specifically, DRSA has been applied on a sample of DAs recently con- cluded in the Lombardy Region, and tested on the other sample of DAs under the negotiation phase. The analysis has accounted for the char- acteristics referring to the following five contexts: urban, institutional, negotiation, development, and economic. The inferred decision rules provide useful knowledge for supporting complex decision processes such as DAs.
ELECTROCHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF N,N-DIMETHYLTRYPTAMINE IN WATER BASED ON TETRARUTHENATED PORPHYRINS AND IONIC LIQUID MODIFIED ELECTRODES

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a short-acting psychotropic agent when administered parenterally and is not active orally due to its rapid degradation by monoamine oxidase enzyme type A. There is growing interest in the therapeutic potential of DMT due to recent clinical data that has shown that produces antidepressant effects in humans. It has also been found that psychedelics that possess the central structure of DMT may have value as medications and cannot simply be labeled as drugs with the potential for abuse.
The Detection of Iron-containing Lesions Using MRI T2~* WI after Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Clinical Experiments

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim:To detect the iron-containing lesions using MRI T2*WI after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage(SICH) in clinical experiments.Methods:The patients with SICH were given brain MRI T1WI, T2WI,DWI and T2*WI scans 1,7 and 14 days after the stroke.The MRI images were recorded and analyzed by Image J software.Results:MRI T2*WI images of iron lesion were significantly clearer than other MRI scans.The lesion volume in T2*WI images was larger than that of T2W1 images 7 and 14 days after SICH(P0.05).Conclusion:T2*WI are more clearer than other MRI scans and more sensitive than T2WI in the detection of iron lesion after SICH.
Examining consumer purchase intention towards online clothing within generational cohort : A case of generation Y consumers

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Aim The aim of the thesis is to examine if there are internal variations within generation Y and to what extent it is in their online clothing purchase intention, based on existing knowledge of factors influencing them. Methodology A survey was distributed online to Swedish generation Y residents, born between 1979 and 2000. Thus, primary data totalling 114 responses were collected and analysed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). The non-probability sampling technique was applied using convenience and snowball sampling methods. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the effect of perceived risk, perceived benefit and personal factors on purchase intentions within generation Y (Y1, Y2 and Y3 groups) towards online clothing purchase. Practical implication As generation Y is an attractive segment to business managers, this research affirms the previous studies confirming generational cohort as a suitable way of categorising consumers. Thus helping managers in market segmentation strategies. Originality/Value This study contributes to the literature on generational cohorts by questioning the concept of cohort and how reliable it is for business managers to use in market segmentation.
Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Isoenzymes in the Human Detrusor Smooth Muscle: II. Effect of Various PDE Inhibitors on Smooth Muscle Tone and Cyclic Nucleotide Levels In Vitro

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUrological Survey: Abstracts: Voiding Function and Dysfunction, and Female Urology1 Jun 1998Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Isoenzymes in the Human Detrusor Smooth Muscle: II. Effect of Various PDE Inhibitors on Smooth Muscle Tone and Cyclic Nucleotide Levels In Vitro M.C. Truss, S. Uckert, C.G. Stief, W.G. Forssmann, and U. Jonas M.C. TrussM.C. Truss More articles by this author , S. UckertS. Uckert More articles by this author , C.G. StiefC.G. Stief More articles by this author , W.G. ForssmannW.G. Forssmann More articles by this author , and U. JonasU. Jonas More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)63366-4AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Isoenzymes in the Human Detrusor Smooth Muscle: II. Effect of Various PDE Inhibitors on Smooth Muscle Tone and Cyclic Nucleotide Levels In Vitro." The Journal of Urology, 159(6), p. 2263 Department of Urology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany© 1998 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 159Issue 6June 1998Page: 2263 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1998 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information M.C. Truss More articles by this author S. Uckert More articles by this author C.G. Stief More articles by this author W.G. Forssmann More articles by this author U. Jonas More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Changes in amino acids during the alcoholic fermentation of grape juice at different temperatures

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Dans ce travail, nous nous sommes propose d'etudier l'influence de la temperature de fermentation sur l'utilisation de l'azote assimilable du mout de raisin. La temperature influence l'assimilation des acides amines par les levures au cours de la fermentation. Les acides amines les plus abondants dans le mout, a l'exception de la praline, sont consommes rapidement des le debut de la fermentation. Cette assimilation est plus forte a temperature elevee. La faible assimilation des acides amines a basse temperature correspond a un ralentissement de la fermentation alcoolique. De meme, la temperature de fermentation est en relation inverse avec la teneur finale en acides amines du vin obtenu; de ce fait les concentrations les plus elevees sont obtenues a basse temperature.
[Limitations of rehabilitation possibilities in lye burns of the face].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acute management of lye burns of the face has to include continuous irrigation and earliest possible necrectomy. Wound coverage by split thickness skin grafts was quite often found to be problematic for frequent occurrence of secondary necroses. Loss of eyelids is difficult to tackle, since complicated transposition flaps would then be required, with no guarantee of satisfactory cosmetic result.
SENSITIVITY TO SULFADIAZINE RESEMBLING ACUTE DISSEMINATED LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The widespread use of sulfonamide compounds has resulted in a variety of complicating systemic and cutaneous reactions. Darke1has recently reported a series of 218 cases in which the patients were treated topically with 5 per cent sulfathiazole ointment. Five per cent of these patients were found to be sensitive to the drug. Photosensitization of the skin after oral ingestion of sulfathiazole has been reported and discussed by Livingood and Pillsbury.2Clark3described a case of severe dermatitis confined to the exposed skin of a patient's face, ears, neck and hands. The dermatitis followed oral administration of sulfathiazole ten days after it had been used as an ointment. From time to time it has been suggested that disseminated lupus erythematosus may have an allergic basis. Pulay4and Gennerich5were among the first to note the hypersensitiveness of patients having disseminated lupus erythematosus.
LoCoCa: Location-Context-Capacity Aware Cost Economizing in Edge-Cloud Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays, real-time interactive content services have been the most dazzling sector of next-generation Internet. The high-quality perceptions of virtual scenes have given rise to the strict requirements of high bandwidth and low latency, where the edge-cloud system promises several benefits. However, there still remain prominent challenges, when taking the economical efficiency into consideration, including location-heterogeneity, context-directability, and capacity-exploitation. In this paper, we propose a location-context-capacity aware bandwidth cost economizing strategy in the edge-cloud system, i.e., LoCoCa. LoCoCa adopts server pools partition mechanism, then achieving the optimal burstable billing in each pool. Here, a location-aware graph construction and partition algorithm is designed to solve the server pools partition problem. Then an improved burstable billing optimization mechanism, with a context index and an adaptive bandwidth capacity, is also proposed to economize bandwidth costs. Finally, the realistic edge-cloud company's trace-based experimental results verify LoCoCa reduces bandwidth costs by 81.83 %, compared with the baselines.
Elevated thromboxane B2 levels in periodontal disease

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Thromboxane B 2 , the stable end product of thromboxane A 2 , was measured by a sensitive radioimmunoassay in gingival tissue obtained from clinically normal beagle dogs and beagle dogs with gingivitis and periodontitis. The animals with gingivitis contained gingival thromboxane B 2 levels nearly twice that of clinically normal gingiva, while animals with periodontitis revealed gingival levels of thromboxane B 2 that were 3–1/2 times greater than clinically normal and twice that of dogs with gingivitis.