jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Controlled Electron Capture: Enhanced Stimulation and Calorimetry Methods

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Controlled Electron Capture (CEC) method has been extended to use faster rise and fall time pulses, hydrogen isotope gas based systems at temperatures up to 650◦C, and more precise and accurate calorimetry relative to results presented earlier. Our isoperibolic (IPB) cell/calorimeter is operated as an isothermal compensation type calorimeter. Potential sources of error in this system are discussed as well the methods used to minimize them. In power compensation mode the cell is held at a constant temperature using a heater power feedback system and constant power pulses or DC power steps are added to the system, resulting in a reduction of heater power. The relationship between this heater power reduction and DC power passed along the reactor core yields a calibration curve at different temperatures that allows us to evaluate how much output power increased during a given stimulation pulse. The IPB cell/calorimeter was stimulated by commanding different pulse widths at constant amplitude with the pulse power held constant by appropriately varying the pulse repetition rate. At 250–300◦C the ratio of output power increase to input pulse power varied from 1.0 to over 2.0 depending on the pulse width at constant input power. That ratio was always 1.0 at all pulse widths attempted at 600◦C. These results have been seen tens of times. The amount of excess power was also dependent on the composition of the gas and the metal alloy coatings on the core. The outer layer of the core was always pure Ni. The composition of a multilayer metal–dielectric metal coated core was chosen to allow for reasonable hydrogen solubility and mobility at 300◦C. The results of various experiments are discussed Importantly these results presented here ignore the heater power necessary to maintain temperature and the losses in the pulse generator, which can be several times greater than either the stimulation power or power gain.
Conspiracy and its Prosecution in Italy, 1500–1550: Violent Responses to Violent Solutions*

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter reviews a number of well-known sixteenth-century Italian cases of conspiracy. Conspiracies are perceived as political crimes should not deflect attention away from the violence, which permeated their course. The podesta or criminal judge could at his discretion order the use of appropriate and moderate torture in order to extract confessions. Torture could be implemented at session after session if the prisoners were initially recalcitrant. These criminal records are not in general concerned with motive, as guilt is assured, but with establishing an often imaginary network of the guilty. Much more interest has focused on statements, of whatever sort, by the conspirators themselves than on the criminal records, although these statements can appear in a variety of formats which have markedly different histories of internal generation. One of the most potent reasons for launching a conspiracy was liberation from the existing regime. Finally, the chapter considers the violent penalties inflicted on those found guilty of treason or conspiracy.
Myokardprotektion durch Inhalationsanästhetika

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion situations may occur during the perioperative period. The cardioprotective effects of anaesthetics have been known for a long time: volatile anaesthetics reduce the ischaemic cell damage and infarct development. Besides ischaemia, reperfusion itself can also lead to cellular damage, thereby further increasing the ischaemic injury (reperfusion injury). Inhalational anaesthetics offer specific protective effects against reperfusion injury in isolated hearts as well as in rabbit hearts in vivo. This protection does not depend on haemodynamic side-effects of the substances and is even present after protecting the heart against ischaemic damage using a cardioplegic solution. Short periods of ischaemia render the myocardium resistant to subsequent longer periods of ischaemia. This strongest endogenous protective mechanism against the consequences of an ischaemia is known as ischaemic preconditioning. The protective effect can also be produced by stimulation of different types of receptors: the respective agonists produce pharmacological (chemical) preconditioning. The common pathway of the signal transduction cascade of both ischaemic and chemical preconditioning includes the sarcolemnal and/or mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel. Volatile anaesthetics can imitate the protective effects of a short ischaemia, thereby producing chemical preconditioning. This effect depends, at least in part, on anaesthetic-induced opening of ATP-sensitive potassium channels
SEKOLAH TINGGI TEOLOGI GLOBAL GLOW INDONESIA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research and article explore the comparative impact of meritocracy and theocracy on communication dynamics within a social system. Meritocracy, as a system that prioritizes individual achievement and ability, is assumed to promote egalitarian and transparent information flow, facilitating horizontal and participatory communication based on rational argumentation and empirical data. Conversely, theocracy, which places religious authority as the primary foundation, tends to form hierarchical communication structures, where information flows vertically from the pinnacle of religious authority, with an emphasis on obedience and dogma. This study will analyze how these two systems shape perceptions of truth, narrative authority, and public participation in the communication process. Through a critical communication approach, this article highlights the potential for information distortion, rhetorical manipulation, and restrictions on freedom of expression in both systems, albeit through different mechanisms. This paper also evaluates the conditions of professional placement based on obedience to God rather than superiors within church organizations and theological education institutions. The primary objective is to understand the communication implications of these systemic choices on social cohesion, collective decision-making, and the development of public discourse. Thus, this article contributes to a richer understanding of how power structures influence how society sends, receives, and interprets messages, thereby improving the quality and quantity of personnel within organizations.
[Clinical study of decompression of optic nerve through combined orbit, ethmoid and sphenoid approach].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The advantages of decompression of optic nerve through combined orbit, ethmoid and sphenoid approach include easily operation and location, short approach, wide visual field and clear anatomy mark, so it is very safe and suited for those patients with dysplasia and osteosclerosis of ethmoidal or sphenoidal sinus. Orbital CT scan facilitates the diagnosis of optic canal fracture without false positive results. The curative effect is associated with the type of optic nerve trauma and the chance of surgery. Amaurosis shortly after trauma is a dangerous factor of poor prognosis, but it isn't impossible to improve vision if patients receive operation as early as possible.
THE US SECTION 338 ELECTION: AN OVERVIEW OF THE MECHANICS FOR CANADIAN TAX PRACTITIONERS

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The US section 338 election should be familiar to Canadian tax practitioners who advise Canadian corporate clients that are contemplating US acquisitions. This election generally treats the sale of the stock of the target corporation as the sale of that corporation’s assets, resulting in a potential basis step-up in the target’s assets without the commercial complexity of an asset sale. Certain negative target corporation tax attributes may also be eliminated by the election. A thoughtfully made election can be extremely beneficial to the purchaser and have little or no impact on the target’s shareholders. A poorly planned election can have the opposite effect. While the principles involved in a section 338 election are generally straightforward, the actual computational process can be quite complex. The purpose of this article is to provide the Canadian tax practitioner with some general information relating to the section 338 election in the context of the acquisition of a single target corporation. The article first presents a general discussion of the two section 338 elections that may be available (sections 338(g) and 338(h)(10)), highlighting the differences between the two. Then it generally describes the mechanics involved in computing a basis step-up in the target’s assets. Finally, the application of these general principles is illustrated by way of numerical examples.
Action in the Event Tent! Medical-Legal Issues Facing the Volunteer Event Physician

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Context: Physicians need to consider medical-legal issues when volunteering their time to assist with community mass-participation and athletic events. This article also reviews medical-legal aspects of the volunteer physician’s out-of-state practice. Seven cases illustrate the importance of expertise and planning to avoid legal issues for the volunteer event physician. Evidence Acquisition: Relevant studies, expert opinion, medical-legal legislation, and medical-legal cases were reviewed. Results: Physicians typically make 4 common assumptions regarding these types of events: Good Samaritan legislation, event liability insurance, personal liability insurance, and waivers. We discuss the intent of these assumptions and the reality of how, or how not, they provide any protection to the volunteer event physician. Conclusion: The intent of this article is to make physicians aware of medial-legal issues when volunteering their time for community and athletic events.
Wasted Efforts Impair Random Search Efficiency and Reduce Choosiness in Mate-Pairing Termites

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

AbstractRandom search theories predict that animals employ movement patterns that optimize encounter rates with target resources. However, animals are not always able to achieve the best search strategy. Energy depletion, for example, limits searchers' movement activities, forcing them to adjust their behaviors before and after encounters. Here, we investigate the cost of mate search in a termite, Reticulitermes speratus, and reveal that the costs associated with mate finding reduce the selectivity of mating partners. After a dispersal flight, termites search for a mating partner with limited reserved energy. We found that their movement activity and diffusiveness progressively declined over extended mate search. Our data-based simulations qualitatively confirmed that the reduced movement diffusiveness decreased the searching efficiency. Also, prolonged search periods reduced survival rate and the number of offspring. Thus, mate search has two different negative effects on termites. Finally, we found that termites with an extended mate search reduced the selectivity of mating partners, where males immediately paired with any encountering females. Thus, termites dramatically changed their mate search behavior depending on their internal states. Our finding highlights that accounting for the searchers' internal states is essential to fill the gap between random search theories and empirical behavioral observations.
Innovative design of a claw-wheel transformable robot

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This research develops a claw-wheel transformable robot which could move on flat ground, stairways, or uneven terrain environment efficiently with a fairly simple structure. The robot can switch between claw mode and wheel mode by folding and unfolding the front body and rear body of the robot. The transformation could be made by controlling the motors on a pitch joint through the front claw and rear one in 90° angle shift after folding. The claw mode is mainly used to cross various uneven terrain or climb stairways. Yet, the wheel mode is for moving on flat ground. This robot can be adaptive to various riser and tread of stairs by appropriately controlling the transformation mechanism. Testing and verification have been done both in numerical simulation and the field test on the developed prototype. Compared with the existing hybrid robots, it has been proved to be well adaptive to various environments, structurally simple, easy to control and light in weight.
Plea for the health physicist.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

to change -- the number of job openings will continue to exceed the number of new graduates available for employment. Moreover, information is presented which indicates that there are several factors at work in the general economy which will make is difficult to enhance health physics enrollments and degrees. Thus, while the recent increase in enrollments in health physics programs and the addition of two new programs in 1990 is encouraging, these are not enough to meet future employment needs. Employers will, in all likelihood, continue to have difficulties in hiring health physicists, and salaries will continue to be relatively high through the mid-1990s. 16 refs., 8 figs.
Identification of potent and selective small molecule inhibitors of the cation channel TRPM4

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background and Purpose TRPM4 is a calcium‐activated non‐selective cation channel expressed in many tissues and implicated in several diseases, and has not yet been validated as a therapeutic target due to the lack of potent and selective inhibitors. We sought to discover a novel series of small‐molecule inhibitors by combining in silico methods and cell‐based screening assay, with sub‐micromolar potency and improved selectivity from previously reported TRPM4 inhibitors. Experimental Approach Here, we developed a high throughput screening compatible assay to record TRPM4‐mediated Na + influx in cells using a Na + ‐sensitive dye and used this assay to screen a small set of compounds selected by ligand‐based virtual screening using previously known weakly active and non‐selective TRPM4 inhibitors as seed molecules. Conventional electrophysiological methods were used to validate the potency and selectivity of the hit compounds in HEK293 cells overexpressing TRPM4 and in endogenously expressing prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. Chemical chaperone property of compound 5 was studied using Western blots and electrophysiology experiments. Key Results A series of halogenated anthranilic amides were identified with TRPM4 inhibitory properties with sub‐micromolar potency and adequate selectivity. We also showed for the first time that a naturally occurring variant of TRPM4, which displays loss‐of‐expression and function, is rescued by the most promising compound 5 identified in this study. Conclusions and Implications The discovery of compound 5 , a potent and selective inhibitor of TRPM4 with an additional chemical chaperone feature, revealed new opportunities for studying the role of TRPM4 in human diseases and developing clinical drug candidates.
Effect of Balance on Development Level of the Locomotor Capabilities of Kindergarten Children

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This research aims to see influence balanced against the level of development of children's locomotor abilities.The Population in this study were all PAUD students in the district Padang Pariaman, a random sampling technique totaling 42 children.The instrument used to obtain data about the balance of PAUD students is the MABC_2 subtest is balance while capability child locomotor is obtained through the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2).Based on research results carried out, there is a balancing effect on the level the development locomotor abilities of a child with value rcount 0,441 > rtable 0,304 and significant value (Sig) of 0,003 less than the probability of 0,05.The results of this study show that level of ability development Padang Pariaman Regency PAUD student locomotor influenced by the balance they have.
ISOLATION, MOLECULER CHARACTERIZATION AND PATHOGENICITY OF METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE (METSCH.) SOROKIN (HYPOCREALES: CLAVICIPITACEAE) FROM SOIL IN ERZINCAN PROVINCE, TURKEY

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Developing good microbial pesticides depends on isolating and knowing their pathogenicity.For this purpose, entomopathogenic Metarhizium anisopliae fungi were isolated from soils in Erzincan province and galleria bait method was used.Molecular identification of the isolates was performed by using ITS rDNA analysis.As a test organism, Galleria mellonella and Tenebrio molitor larvae were used and suspensions of 2x10 7 conidia ml -1 were prepared adding Tween 80®.Bioassays were performed by dipping technique and mortality was recorded daily for 12 days.Each assay consisted of 3 replicates with 10 insects larvae.Ten fungal isolates were obtained from the bait method.Based on classical and molecular methods, all fungal isolates were identified as M. anisopliae and deposited into GenBank database with MH104853 -MH104862 accession numbers.All isolates of M. anisopliae were pathogenic to G. mellonella and T. molitor with a mortality rate of 63.3±3.3%-83.3±3.3% and 30±5.8%-66.7±3.3%, respectively 12 days after application.As a result, MaEMR1a and MaEO3 isolates can be applied as good biological control agents for pest insects.
The Khmer Witch Project: Demonizing the Khmer by Khmerizing a Demon

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper outlines an anthropological reading of Thai ghost films and their uncanny protagonists as a dialectic synthesizing ethnographic material with film analysis in an attempt to operationalize the premises of the ontological and spectral turns .The paper is the first systematic study of Phi Krasue-one of Thailand s most iconic uncanny beingsand its cinematic and vernacular ghostly images.)t grew out of an attempt to make sense of local Khmer-speaking interlocutors acceptance and reproduction of an idiosyncratic origin myth that locates the origin of Phi Krasue in Angkorian Khmer culture.Based on Mary Douglas and Julia Kristeva s theories the paper identifies abjection and its essential ambiguity as the logical principle structuring imaginations of Phi Krasue in vernacular and cinematic contexts.) argue that the reading of a ghost film s social message depends on spectators embodiment of vernacular ghostlore and thus on an implicit knowledge of the cultural semantics Thailand s phi manifest.(owever, this paper offers not only a structural explanation for the self-evidence of Phi Krasue's origin in Angkorian Khmer culture, but also for the Khmer-magic link as the most important socio-cultural stereotype characterizing the category Khmer in Thailand s contemporary popular culture.Finally, the paper identifies filthiness as the social idiom used to explicate abjection as the logical principle structuring processes of self-formation in contemporary Thailand.
[Antipyrine test in evaluation of patient's hepatic failure in early postoperative period].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In victims of severe combined trauma in early postoperative period there are disorders in the system of monooxygenase detoxication of hepatocytes--the duration of antipyrine semiexcretion period in the blood was 2.5 times longer than in healthy people. In 40% of injured parallelism in changes of values of the antipyrine test and general blood bilirubin are detected; in 18% of cases hyperbilirubinemia is revealed in antipyrine clearence being normal, and in 42% a sharp decrease of antipyrine clearence at the background of normal bilirubin content is detected. Hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminuria, and activation of ALT and AST was revealed, which evidenced of the reaction of urgent adaptation. Under conditions of development of the postoperative stress-reaction the examination of monooxygenaze system of hepatocytes' detoxication is the most specific test of revealing early hepatic insufficiency. A sharp decrease or increase of antipyrine clearence is a sign of irreversibility of hepatic insufficiency.
Development of Modify Random Waypoint Mobility Model of Routing Protocol for the Mobile Ad-Hoc Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Mobility models are used to evaluated the network protocols of the ad hoc network using the simulation. The random waypoint model is a model for mobility which is usually used for performance evaluation of ad-hoc mobile network. Mobile nodes have the dynamic mobility in the ad hoc network so the mobility model plays an important role to evaluate the protocol performance.In this article, we developed modify random waypoint mobility (MRWM) model based on random waypoint for the mobile ad hoc network. In this article, the comparative analysis of modifying random waypoint mobility and random waypoint model on the ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol has been done for large wireless ad hoc network (100 nodes) with the random mobile environment for the 1800s simulation time. To enhance the confidence on the protocol widespread simulations were accomplished under heavy traffic (i.e. 80 nodes) condition. The proposed model protocol has been investigated with the performance metrics: throughput; packet delivery ratio; packet dropping ratio; the end to end delay and normalized routing overhead. The obtained results revealed that proposed modify random waypoint mobility model reduces the mobility as compared to the random waypoint mobility model and it is trace is more realist.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF FOUR DIFFERENT FLOWERS – COUROUPITA GUIANENSIS, BAUHINIA PURPUREA, STENOLOBIUM STANS, AND PLUMERIA RUBRA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Objective: The present study aims to investigate the phytochemical from the aqueous and methanol flower extracts of four significant medicinal plants, namely, Couroupita guianensis, Bauhinia purpurea, Stenolobium stans, and Plumeria rubra. Methods: The different flowers such as C. guianensis, B. purpurea, P. rubra, and S. stans were collected from Avadi and Koyambedu market, Chennai. Standard procedure was followed for the qualitative analysis of phytocompounds. Results: Preliminary phytochemical analysis resulted that the methanolic flower extract of four plants has rich bioactive compounds comparably to the aqueous flower extracts. Tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroids were highly present in B. purpurea compared the other three flowers. Only plant P. rubra contains the rich source of cardiac glycosides in methanolic flower extract. Conclusion: From the results of the current study, we conclude that the methanolic extract of B. purpurea flower has bulk phytocompounds and can be used as a traditional medicine to treat a variety of diseases.
Differential cell responses to nanoparticle docetaxel and small molecule docetaxel at a sub-therapeutic dose range

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Current preclinical evaluations of nanoparticle taxanes have focused on the effect of nanoparticle size and shape on the efficacy and toxicity. It is generally assumed that nanoparticle therapeutics have the same cellular response on tumor and normal cells as their small molecule counterparts. Here, we show that nanoparticle taxanes can mediate cellular effects distinct from that of small molecule taxanes at the sub-therapeutic dose range. Cells that are exposed to two polymeric nanoparticle formulations of docetaxel were found to undergo a different cell cycle and cell fate than that of cells that were exposed to small molecule docetaxel. Our results suggest that nanoparticle formulation of therapeutics can affect the therapeutic effect of its cargo.