jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A young girl with ring(18) mosaicism: cytogenetic studies and PEP A mapping

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A young girl with 46, XX, r(18)/46, XX/45, XX, –18 chromosome constitution is reported. She displays a slight degree of mental retardation. The line with the ring chromosome predominates in blood lymphocytes. In skin fibroblast culture the ring(18) line showed a constant decreasing trend, from 45% at the first passage, down to its disappearance at the 19th passage, where only 46, XX cells were observed. The child/mid parents' ratio of Peptidase A activity in red cells was 0.36. The Peptidase A activity in a fibroblast clone 46, XX, r(l 8) was 0.55 compared to the 46, XX line. These data suggest that the PEP A locus was lost in ring formation.
Cancer Incidence in Hemodialysis Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The number of individuals undergoing dialysis is rising. Impaired renal function has been linked to a heightened risk of cancer. This study aimed to examine cancer incidence among hemodialysis (HD) patients. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed the medical records of individuals with newly diagnosed end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who initiated HD sessions between July 2018 and December 2023 at Urmia Imam Khomeini hospital. The data collected for this study included patient demographics, underlying diseases, malignancy status, and duration of malignancy (less than ten years, 10–20 years, and over 20 years). The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS 21. Results: The study included 192 patients, with a mean age of 64.45±13.70 years. Of these, 117 (60.9%) were male and 75 (39.1%) were female. The majority of participants (68.8%) resided in urban areas. Hypertension (HTN) was the most common underlying disease (25%), while 32.8% had no reported underlying conditions. Eighteen (9.4%) patients were diagnosed with malignancy, with multiple myeloma being the most prevalent type (43.4%). The remaining 174 (90.6%) patients were not diagnosed with cancer. The onset of malignancy occurred within ten years for the majority of patients (72.2%). No significant association was found between the prevalence of malignancy and patients’ age (P<0.136) and gender (P<0.763). Conclusion: A significantly elevated incidence of cancer was observed in patients undergoing chronic HD for ESRD, underscoring the critical development of a targeted cancer screening strategy for this vulnerable population.
The Impact of SARS-COV-2 Variants on Vaccine Efficacy Amongst Healthcare Workers During India’s Second Wave

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Despite a growing sense of normalcy in many Western nations, another wave of the COVID-19 pandemic has spread rapidly through the Indian subcontinent.To improve our understanding of the crisis in India and the impact it is having on healthcare workers, we administered an electronic poll to healthcare workers in India.A total of 199 healthcare workers responded to the survey, the majority of whom were physicians. Of all respondents, 177 had received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. Of those vaccinated, 14 respondents (7.9%) received the Covaxin® (Bharat Biotech) vaccine, while the remaining 163 respondents (92.1%) received the Covishield® (Oxford-AstraZeneca) vaccine. Of the 177 respondents who received a dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, 76 (43%) acquired COVID-19 after vaccination, of which 88% had symptomatic infections. The protection offered by vaccination against new strains of SARS-CoV2 is a central question to which there remains an unclear answer.No external sources of funding were used.
Calonectria Leaf Spot ofHoweia forsteranain Hawaii

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Grayish brown, nearly black, or reddish brown and zonate leaf spots on Forster sentry palm (Howeia forsterana) were shown to be caused by three species of Calonectria, namely, C. theae, C. colhounii, and C. crotalariae. Each of these fungi has a Cylindrocladium anamorph. Teleomorphic and anamorphic characteristics of isolates of all three species from Howeia are given, including macroconidial characteristics of C. theae
‘It’s never too late’: Insights from the autism and older people workstream

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Representatives from the autism workstream gave a series of presentations at the FPOP 2024 conference, with around 130 conference delegates attending. Our aim was multifaceted; to present the work carried out by the workstream thus far, to consult with other FPOP members around what is happening nationally around autism and ageing, and to stimulate discussion and conversation amongst delegates around key issues. This article summarises and reflects on the themes emerging from the conference presentations and outlines future hopes and aspirations for the autism workstream.
Cluster Headache: Opportunities for Pharmacists to Improve Care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Cluster headache (CH) is a primary headache (PH) disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of severe/extremely severe unilateral pain and associated symptoms. While less prevalent than other PHs such as migraine, CH impact is substantial given the agonizing pain, negative effect on daily productivity, impaired mental health, and increased costs. Cluster headache is not optimally treated and few clinical trials are available to model therapy, especially dosing and administration. Pharmacists are well positioned to help prescribers and CH individuals with several key opportunities. Subcutaneous sumatriptan (SC SM) lower than the FDA-approved 6 mg per attack, specifically 2 mg and 3 mg, can be considered; literature describes these doses’ benefits. Moreover, lower doses may improve patient access to this treatment-of-choice. Despite the SC SM’s FDA-approved dose limit of 12 mg per 24 hours, the maximum CH dose has not been examined; this limit merits reevaluation since literature and clinical experience illustrate treatment exceeding this limit. Oxygen therapy for CH remains unfamiliar to, and under-utilized by, clinicians and CH individuals. Pharmacists can facilitate prescribing, distribution, and administration of oxygen via education. Patient education for the various CH medication devices, including oxygen, is paramount. Narcotics remain widely prescribed for CH, without supporting evidence, but with considerable abuse and diversion risks. Pharmacists are positioned to help guard against narcotic usage and to direct care toward medications endorsed by CH guidelines. Since the optimal method to initiate and discontinue drugs which may decrease CH attacks’ remains unknown, pharmacists can educate clinicians and individuals with CH to make fully informed decisions.
Adaptive Tasks Balancing in Wireless Sensor Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we extend our CPU-scheduling algorithm which is based on topology information of the network. In wireless sensor network applications, the nodes closer to the network's central point have to perform forwarding operations. Concurrently, they also have to process their own sensing packets. In high rate application, such nodes suffer from CPU overloading. In the priority scheduling scheme, which solves the overloading in simple FIFO CPU-scheduling in wireless sensor nodes, it is not ensured that these nodes will have fair chance to process their local sensing packets if the forwarding operations will be prioritized over their local processing. To guarantee processing and then sending the local packets, we introduce the scheme of switching in the priority according to the routing information in such nodes, so that they are able to complete their local tasks also. Our proposal enhances the fairness of the distributed sensing.
A macroscopic delayed-choice quantum eraser using a commercial laser

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The heart of quantum mechanics is quantum superposition between orthogonal bases of a single particle. In the particle nature of quantum mechanics, quantum superposition is represented by probability amplitudes between mutually exclusive natures such as orthogonal polarization bases. The delayed-choice quantum eraser is for the post-determination of the photon nature, raising the cause-effect relation issue. Over the last several decades, quantum erasers have been intensively studied using nearly all kinds of photons. Here, the macroscopic delayed-choice quantum eraser is experimentally demonstrated using a continuous wave laser and discussed for quantum superposition in a macroscopic regime. For this, a noninterfering Mach-Zehnder interferometer composed of two polarizing beam splitters is chosen to manipulate polarization bases of lights and to measure them in a delayed-choice manner via polarization-basis projection.
Evaluating the Spatial Variation of Heatwave Intensity to Enhance Urban Resilience

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract With global rise in frequency and intensity of natural disaster events, the adverse effects of climate change are becoming increasingly evident. A recent example is the extreme heatwave experienced by western North America which has caused a substantial loss of life and damage to the infrastructure. Research suggests that the intensity of heatwaves is amplified in urban areas due to the contribution of Urban Heat Island effect (UHI) which is largely a function of surrounding urban landscape. In order to develop urban resilience to the extreme heat, it is important to understand the direct relationship between urban form and the temperature elevations caused by the heatwaves. This research examines the disproportionate effects of heatwaves in urban areas and their dependence on urban form by leveraging the microclimatic weather data collected during the 2021 heatwave event in western North America. Strong positive correlations were found between heatwave intensity and both impervious area (PRCC=0.79) and population density (PRCC = 0.83), whereas tree canopy cover was negatively correlated with heatwave intensity (PRCC = -0.89). This analysis can be used to inform urban planning, and to establish proper resilience measures against future heatwave events.
Preliminary assessment of influence of calcium alginate beads on the dissolution of meloxicam

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the preparation of alginate-based microparticles with meloxicam (MLX). A poorly soluble substance classified to BCS class II, it was chosen as a model substance. The ionotropic gelation was the process used for the formation of microparticles. The impact of the carrier on the dissolution of MLX from this formulation was also investigated. Study was realized in few steps: preparation of polymer particles containing suspended MLX in their structure; drying them in various conditions (room temperature, freeze drying); morphology characterization and then assessment of impact of polymer on dissolution of the model substance. Also, DDSolver software was used for checking the similarity of release profiles. Validated UV-Vis spectrophotometric method was used for MLX determination on different steps of work. As it showed, calcium alginate particles were successfully prepared with ionotropic gelation. The drying method of prepared particles has a substantial impact on the release profiles of meloxicam, and these formulations significantly improve the MLX release from this form of the delivery system.
Examining the framing of ‘COVID-19 vaccines’: A corpus-based investigation of Malaysian newspapers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The widespread dissemination of misinformation or the ‘infodemic’ surrounding COVID-19 poses a significant challenge as the virus continues to spread globally, compounded by the reluctance of many individuals to accept ‘COVID-19 vaccines’. While existing research has predominantly explored how the media framed the disease, its psychological impact, and the presence of disinformation in its messaging, limited attention has been given to the portrayal of ‘COVID-19 vaccines’ in the media and their reception among the general population. This study employs a corpus-based methodology to examine the framing of ‘COVID-19 vaccines’ within a specific English Malaysian newspaper corpus. The data for analysis was gathered through the compilation of news reports from The Star, one of the nation’s primary English newspapers. The analysis showed that the vaccine was positively framed and correlated with keywords like ‘special’, ‘effective’, and ‘important’, as well as with keywords indicating its importance to one’s health and the masses. However, two negatively connoted keywords were also used to describe the act of immunisation. This study’s findings can encourage informed decision-making on COVID-19 vaccination by dispelling unwarranted fears. Positive news coverage can boost confidence and prevent panic while mitigating negative emotions and risk perceptions. These findings can help media practitioners better frame vaccine-related issues in their writings and understand how the public perceives them.
Alemtuzumab-Induced Thyroid Eye Disease: A Comprehensive Case Series and Review of the Literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To present 5 cases of alemtuzumab-induced thyroid eye disease (AI-TED) and review the literature to highlight the natural history, severity, and outcomes as compared with conventional thyroid eye disease (TED). Methods: A multi-institutional retrospective case series of patients with AI-TED was compiled. Chart review evaluated for clinical characteristics, imaging findings, and treatment for AI-TED. Additionally, a comprehensive review of the literature identified all previously published cases of AI-TED. Results: Five new patients with AI-TED were included in this series. The average clinical activity score on presentation was 2.8 (range 1–4) and reached an average peak of 5.0 during the active phase of the disease (4–7). Patients were treated medically with selenium (40%) or monoclonal antibodies including teprotumumab or tocilizumab (40%). Surgical treatment with orbital decompression for compressive optic neuropathy was performed on 2 (40%) patients. Combined with 11 previously reported cases, these 16 patients with AI-TED had an average clinical activity score on presentation of 3.3. The average length of the AI-TED phase was 14.0 months, and all patients were treated with medical and/or surgical interventions for their disease. Conclusions: Clinical and imaging findings in AI-TED mirror that of conventional TED, however, AI-TED may present with greater severity. AI-TED may develop many months after Graves’ disease; therefore, providers should be aware of this association and monitor patients for the development of severe TED.
Child Labour in Saurashtra Region of Gujarat State

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Child labour is one of the most pressing social problems which the international community has been facing. Children are an important asset not only for their country but for the whole of mankind. They are not merely future adults. They are tiny apostles of peace and above all very much human beings though weak and immature. In almost all societies, children work in some way, though the types of work they do and the forms of their involvement vary. But many millions of children work under abusive and exploitative conditions that are clearly dangerous to them. There are still a large number of children who are employed in rag picking, collection of raw hides and skins, leather flaying and tanning, accompanying their parents for deep sea fishing, fish processing and storage, collection of minor forest produce, etc., that have not been brought within the ambit of the prohibited category.
Clinical Symptoms and Treatment Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients with Stroke

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: COVID-19 patients who come to the emergency room often suffer from stroke. This study aimed to examine clinical symptoms and treatment outcomes of COVID-19 patients with stroke.Methods: This study was a retrospective study using secondary data from medical records of COVID-19 patients with stroke, hospitalized at the Universitas Kristen Indonesia Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia for the period 2020–2022. Patients with PCR test positive for COVID-19 who had clinical symptoms of stroke, confirmed by CT scan showing brain ischemic or hemorrhage were included. Data on gender, age, Glasgow coma scale (GCS), subtype of stroke, severity of COVID-19, and outcome were recorded and analyzed using paired t-test and the Spearman correlation.Results: Of the 49 patients included, 91.8% were over 45 years old and suffered from severe COVID-19. Men were slightly more (51.1%) than women and 93.9% of patients suffered from ischemic stroke. The GCS scores of 46.9% of patients decreased significantly during hospitalization (p=0.02). Most of patients (65.3%) had used non-rebreathing mask (NRM), 10.2% ventilators, and others used nasal cannulas. As many as 46.9% of patients died, 44.9% recovered with neurological deficits, and only 8.2% recovered completely. Interestingly, oxygen delivery devices were significantly correlated with outcome (p=0.00). Patients receiving the antiviral favipiravir had better outcomes compared with those taking remdesivir (p=0.021).Conclusion: The mortality rate for stroke patients with severe COVID-19 is high, and the outcome of patients using NRM or ventilator is worse than patients using nasal cannulas. The antiviral Favipiravir has better outcomes for stroke patients with severe COVID-19.
Mysticism and the Coincidence of Opposites in Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century France

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

C'est essentiellement grâce aux travaux de Lefevre d'Etaples et de Charles de Bovelles que Nicolas de Cues devint le docteur de la theologie mystique dans la France de la fin du XVI et du XVII siecle. Son principe de l'ars oppositorum inspira la pensee des deux Capucins Benoit de Canfeld (La Regle de perfection, Paris, 1610) et Laurent de Paris (Le Palais d'amour divin, Paris, 1602, 1614). Leur pensee se retrouve chez Pascal et sa vision de l'homme et de l'infini.
Comparison of constant time delay and simultaneous prompting to teach word reading skills to students with intellectual disability

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study compares the effectiveness and efficiency of constant time delay (CTD) and simultaneous prompting (SP) to teach decoding and word reading to four students, 7 to 9 years of age, with intellectual disabilities (ID) in the mild to moderate range. An adapted alternating treatment design was implemented to assess the two methods. The results suggest that both procedures were equally effective. All four students learned to decode and read the instructional words. Maintenance data showed no substantial differences between the two teaching procedures. CTD was more efficient according to two efficiency measures since three students acquired the word sets taught with CTD in fewer sessions and trials. However, SP was more efficient in terms of the number and percentage of errors made and the instructional time needed for all four students. Two students were able to decode and read all or some of the generalization words, while the other two were able to decode a higher percentage of sounds within the words than before the teaching sessions. This study shows that CTD and SP are effective in improving reading skills for students with ID.
The composition and geologic setting of mare deposits on the far side of the moon

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Clementine Mission acquired the first global compositional data for the Moon. Five discrete wavelengths (415, 750, 900, 950, 1000 nm) span the ultraviolet-visible spectrum. Using this data, I have performed a systematic study of the mare deposits on the far side of the Moon, between 80' east and 80' west longitude.\nThe major study areas are the Australe, Marginis, Moscoviense, Orientale, Smythii, and South Pole-Aitken basins. Mare basalt deposits within these basins or regions around them are characterized by their volume, age, chemistry and geologic setting. The integration of this information yields information concerning the thermal history, lateral and vertical heterogeniety of the mantle, and conditions at the time of eruption for far side mare deposits. Furthermore, this information provides constraints for models that discribe lunar volcanism and the composition of the mantle.\nVolcanism on the Moon's far side was not as protracted or as voluminous as on the near side. However, multiple episodes of volcanism are recognized in each of the major basins studied. Brief periods of volcanism occurred in degraded basins such as Campbell, Compton, Freundlich-Sharnov and Mendel-Rydberg and the isolated deposit Kohlshutter. The average iron and titanium composition of far side basalt deposits is lower relative to basalt deposits on the near side. Impact mixing has more efficiently contaminated the lower volume mare deposits with highlands material. Very high-Ti basalts, like those at Apollo 11 and 17 landing sites, are absent. Late stage moderately high-Ti units (4-6 wt.% $\\rm TiO\\sb2)$ are located in the Moscoviense, South Pole-Aitken and Australe basins. My interpretation of these data is that the proposed thicker far side crust has prevented very high-Ti basalts from erupting onto the surface of the far side of the Moon. A simple stratified mantle with high-Ti late cumulates situated above low-Ti early cumulates does not explain the observed distribution of late stage, moderately high-Ti basalt units on the far side.
Atypical Retinitis Pigmentosa, Acanthrocytosis, and Heredodegenerative Neuromuscular Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The paper of Kornzweig and Bassen published in the A. M. A.Archives of Ophthalmologyin August, 1957, Retinitis Pigmentosa, Acanthrocytosis, and Heredodegenerative Neuromuscular Diseases, is of current interest. This intriguing combination of abnormalities has been reported to date in only three patients, the two pationts of Kornzweig and Bassen and the one of Singer, Fisher, and Perlstein. The patient of Singer et al., as known to Kornzweig and Bassen, exhibited the entire complex except for the retinitis pigmentosa. This patient, the son of first cousins, developed celiac disease at about the age of one year which was controlled by low-fat diet. At the age of 9 years acanthrocystosis was discovered, and at the age of 10 the insidious onset and slow progression of ataxia, intention tremor, athetoid movements, and impaired proprioceptive sense was noted. It is the purpose of this paper to report a follow-up examination of the patient
Holiday Cheer Chamber Music Concert, December 19, 1993

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This is the concert program of the Holiday Cheer Chamber Music Concert on Sunday, December 19, 1993 at 1:30 p.m., at the Concert Hall, 855 Commonwealth Avenue. Works performed were Allegretto, Adagio, and Andante from Sechs Nocturnos by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Adagio from Quartet by Samuel Barber, Andante tranquillo and Molto allegro from Quartetto per 4 violini by Grazyna Bacewicz, Allegro from Quartet in F major, Op. 95, "The American" by Antonin Dvorak, Largo and Vivace from Trio in C minor by Georg Phillip Telemann, Allegro con brio fro Trio in B major, Op. 8 by Johannes Brahms, Trio in F major, Op. 9 No. 4 by Luigi Boccerini, Intro and theme, and Variation from Partita by Irving Fine, and Allegro from Quartet in C minor, Op. 18, No. 4 by Ludwig van Beethoven. Digitization for Boston University Concert Programs was supported by the Boston University Humanities Library Endowed Fund.