jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Advance care planning, culture and religion: an environmental scan of Australian-based online resources

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives Culture and religion are important in advance care planning (ACP), yet it is not well understood how this is represented in ACP online resources. The aim of the present study was to identify the availability of Australian-based ACP websites and online informational booklets containing cultural and religious information. Methods An environmental scanning framework was used with a Google search conducted from 30 June 2015 to 5 July 2015. Eligible Australian-based ACP websites and online informational booklets were reviewed by two analysts (APS & PM) for information pertaining to at least one culture or religion. Common characteristics were agreed upon and tabulated with narrative description. Results Seven Australian-based ACP websites were identified with varying degrees of cultural and religious information. Seven Australian-based ACP informational booklets were identified addressing culture or religion, namely of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (n = 5), Sikh (n = 1) and Italian (n = 1) communities. Twenty-one other online resources with cultural and religious information were identified, developed within the context of health and palliative care. Conclusions There is no comprehensive Australian-based ACP website or informational booklet supporting ACP across several cultural and religious contexts. Considering Australia’s multicultural and multifaith population, such a resource may be beneficial in increasing awareness and uptake of ACP. What is known about the topic? Health professionals and consumers frequently use the Internet to find information. Non-regulation has resulted in the proliferation of ACP online resources (i.e. ACP websites and online informational booklets). Although this has contributed to raising awareness of ACP, the availability of Australian-based ACP online resources with cultural and religious information is not well known. What does this paper add? This paper is the first to use an environmental scanning methodology to identify Australian-based ACP websites and online informational booklets with cultural and religious information. What are the implications for practitioners? The results of this environmental scan present the availability of Australian-based ACP websites and online informational booklets containing cultural and religious information. A thorough understanding may assist in identifying gaps for future ACP project planning and policy objectives, consistent with meeting cultural and religious needs. This may be beneficial for health professionals, consumers, health associations, organisations and government policy makers concerned with ACP.
A glimpse through the looking glass.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

I have always been interested in other people’s life stories. Their sharing allows me to have a glimpse into their inner thoughts and emotions. This has started me on this project to uncover these anonymous stories. These images were created through collaboration between the people and myself. I first begin with talking to them about any memorable events they might have encountered in their lives. As they speak, I get some ideas of how I want to re-interpret the story. Through these acts of recreating memorable events in the past, or coming up with scenarios, these people start to play a role in their own stories. To me photography is not only about a present moment that is captured by the camera. My intention is to use photography as a mean to travel back through time and space where memories are like the world on the other side of a mirror. Our memories are the reflections of reality, but sometimes they are just our imagination that was created from events and emotion. At the same time, these people become characters in my story. Ultimately, the process becomes my own interpretation and exploration of the fantasy aspect inspired from their stories, to transform them into a haunting and surrealistic realm. This body of work consists of 15 colour photographs. Each image is a unique story.
FORMULATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF FOLIC ACID-TAILORED DAIDZEIN SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES FOR THE IMPROVED CYTOTOXICITY AGAINST COLON CANCER CELLS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: The study aims to formulate and optimize daidzein-conjugated folic acid solid lipid nanoparticles (DZN-FA SLNs) to improve bioavailability and target site specificity for the treatment of colon cancer, a significant global health concern associated with high morbidity and mortality. Methods: DZN-FA SLNs were prepared using the microemulsion method. They were prepared and optimized using design expert software. Physicochemical characterization like differential light scattering (DLS), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), In vitro drug release and In vitro cell line studies and accelerated stability studies were carried out in the optimized batch formulation. Results: The results indicated that particle size for optimized DZN-FA SLNs was in the range of 212 to 620 nm, zeta potential of-20 mV, drug entrapment efficiency of 72%. In vitro drug release for the prepared formulation showed 53% over 48 h. Conclusion: The optimized DZN-FA SLNs could aid in a better formulation targeting colon cancer cells, thereby reducing systemic effects. The optimized DZN-FA SLNs have demonstrated excellent inhibitory properties on Caco-2 cells, with an IC50 value of 10 µg/ml, offering a promising innovation in cancer treatment by providing targeted and effective therapy for colon cancer while minimizing the impact on normal cells.
Effect of aging time on interfacial microstructure of Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu solder reinforced with Co nanoparticles

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper investigates the growth of intermetallics in Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu (SAC) solder with and without Co nanoparticle reinforcement. Co reinforced composite was prepared by mechanically mixing 0.5 wt% and 1.5 wt% Co nanoparticles respectively into Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu solder paste. The formation and growth of the intermetallic compounds (IMC) at the solder joint interface were evaluated after thermal aging at 150degC for up to 1008 hours. In the solder joint, Cu 6 Sn 5 intermetallic was observed on Cu substrate, followed by Cu 3 Sn intermetallic formation between Cu 6 Sn 5 and Cu after prolonged aging. The thickness of both IMC increased linearly as a function of square root of aging time. The Co nanoparticle reinforcement tended to suppress the growth of Cu 3 Sn intermetallic layer. However, the total of IMC thickeness was almost the same for the specimen with or without Co nanoparticle reinforcement.
Coexistence in neutral theories: interplay of criticality and mild local preferences

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Neutral theories have played a crucial and revolutionary role in fields such as population genetics and biogeography. These theories are critical by definition, in the sense that the overall growth rate of each single allele/species/type vanishes. Thus each species in a neutral model sits at the edge between invasion and extinction, allowing for the coexistence of symmetric/neutral types. However, in finite systems, mono-dominated states are ineludibly reached in relatively short times owing to demographic fluctuations, thus leaving us with an unsatisfactory framework to rationalize empirically-observed long-term coexistence. Here, we scrutinize the effect of heterogeneity in quasi-neutral theories, in which there can be a local mild preference for some of the competing species at some sites, even if the overall species symmetry is maintained. As we show here, mild biases at a small fraction of locations suffice to induce overall robust and durable species coexistence, even in regions arbitrarily far apart from the biased locations. This result stems from the long-range nature of the underlying critical bulk dynamics and has a number of implications, for example, in conservation ecology as it suggests that constructing local specific "sanctuaries" for different competing species can result in global enhancement of biodiversity, even in regions arbitrarily distant from the protected refuges.
A study of seasonal price behaviour and market concentration of maize in Rajasthan

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The paper investigates the price behaviour of maize and market concentration in Nimbahera market of Rajasthan.In view of this the present study was undertaken by collecting monthly wholesale prices of maize in major maize markets of Rajasthan for a period of 12 years (2002 to 2013).The seasonal price index pro ides a measure of the month to month variation in maize prices.Price of maize was found to be highest during off season and lowest during harvest season.Since maize is a Kharif crop, the arrivals were high during October to January.The higher seasonal indices of prices were observed during April to August during which the arrivals were found to be low.The Lorenz ratio was less than 0.5 in Nimbahera market.it can be concluded that the moderate market competitiveness in markets as the arrivals were concentrated among few large traders.The Lorenz ratio 0.49 for maize in Nimbaheda market showing moderate market concentration.
Effect of neutrophil serine proteinases and defensins on lung epithelial cells: modulation of cytotoxicity and IL-8 production

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Neutrophil accumulation in the lung may contribute to tissue injury as observed in inflammatory diseases. Both oxidative and non-oxidative mechanisms are involved in neutrophil-mediated tissue injury. Non-oxidative mechanisms include the release of neutrophil granule proteins such as the serine proteinases elastase and cathepsin G, and the non-enzymatic defensins. Because stimulated neutrophils are thought to release their products simultaneously, we investigated possible interactions between purified defensins and serine proteinases with respect to induction of cellular injury and their ability to induce interleukin-8 (IL-8) synthesis in cells of the lung epithelial cell line A549. Whereas defensins induced cell lysis, elastase and cathepsin G induced detachment of A549 cells. Co-incubation of elastase and cathepsin G revealed an additive effect on detachment, whereas defensins inhibited serine proteinase-induced detachment. Vice versa, both serine proteinases reduced defensin-induced cell lysis. Furthermore, elastase and cathepsin G prevented defensin-induced IL-8 synthesis. In contrast, no inhibitory interaction between cathepsin G and defensins was observed with respect to their antibacterial activity. The results from this study indicate that, at sites of inflammation, neutrophil-mediated injury might be regulated by interactions between released defensins and serine proteinases.
The Psychological Impact of Industrial Strikes: Does Involvement in Union Activity during Strikes make a Difference?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The current study investigated the psychological impact of a United Steelworkers of America strike on the steelworkers involved, and the relationship between psychological well-being and individuals' levels of involvement in union activity during the strike. Three hundred and fifty-one steelworkers (302 `strikers' and 49 `non-strikers') completed surveys measuring a range of demographic and psychological well-being variables. Strikers, compared to non-strikers, reported higher levels of depression, anxiety, and irritation, and lower levels of mental health. For strikers, engaging in higher levels of union activity during the strike was associated with better psychological well-being. Jahoda's theory of deprivation during unemployment is used as the lens through which to explain some of the results, supporting the view that latent benefits associated with work are important for psychological well-being. A range of practical implications are offered for unions and their members.
Cross-Cultural Management and NGO Capacity Building

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This chapter outlines the necessity of integrating a cross-cultural management perspective into the management of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the importance of developing leadership and organizational capacity in this kind of organizations. It considers why management and leadership are important to NGOs, and particularly why a consideration of cross-cultural management is so important. It asks how cross-cultural theory might address practical NGO management and leadership issues, focusing first on the different levels of cross-cultural interaction and how we might understand cultural differences. In particular it highlights the importance of the way human beings in organizations are valued differently between Western and non-Western cultures, explaining why uncritically exporting the concept of human resource management from the private sector or public administration to the non-profit sector is inappropriate both in many developed countries and in developing countries. We use the example of NGO management and leadership in Africa to illustrate this point.
Sport and National Character in Asia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.Based on data derived from the International Sport Management Questionnaire (ISMQ) and the National Sport Development Index (NSDI), tendencies are revealed of a nation's development in three domains of sport. These domains (termed Mass Sport, Educational Sport, and Elite Sport) provide insight into national sport culture; low NSDI scores, for instance, divulge a sport delivery system for that domain which is at low level, is de-emphasised, or nonexistent. Data is provided for 14 Asian nations including overall NSDI score as well as the distinct domains mentioned above. From this data, ensuing discussion revolves around a concept of national character of sport for Asian nations such as Japan, China, and Hong Kong, among others.根據國際體育管理問卷調查(ISA/IQ)和國家體育發展指數(NSDI)的資料顯示，一個國家的體育發展主要表現在三個方面，即群眾體育、學校體育及競技體育。而從這三方面可以了解這一國家的體育文化。例如，NSDI評分低者，體育管理運作系統在這一方面往往處於較低水平，或者不重視，甚至是名存實亡的。這些調查資料涉及14個亞洲國家，包括其上述三個不同方面的狀況極其NSDI評分。根據這些資料，本文圍繞著日本、中國、香港等亞洲國家和地區的體育特征進行了討論。
The management of cervical spine lateral mass fracture injuries treated surgically in kalafong tertiary provincial hospital: A 12-year review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: This study was undertaken to review the management of the lateral mass fractures of the cervical spine in our institution. Methods: Forty-six cervical spine lateral mass fracture patients presenting to a tertiary provincial hospital in South Africa between December 2006 and July 2018 were analyzed as a retrospective cohort. The average follow up of the patients was 18 months (range 12 – 24). Results: For the 46 patients the male to female ratio was 2:1 and the average age was 36 years. Neurological deficit occurred in 35% of the patients. Nine patients (19.5%) had associated injuries which had an impact on decision making. All patients with lateral mass fractures were managed surgically. Most patients needed single level surgery and about 22% needed more than one level surgical intervention. Conclusions: The majority of lateral cervical spine fractures can be managed via the anterior approach. Associated cranio-cervical injuries and/or other vertebral column fractures do influence the surgical approach. Radiologically one should expect a high degree of successful fusion. Neurological improvement after surgical intervention is highly variable.
Clinical and epidemiological study of chronic heart involvement in Chagas' disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It has been estimated that, in vast areas of the American continent, there is a high prevalence of human infection by Trypanosoma cruzi. Such infection can lead to a variety of heart diseases, predominantly with involvement of the myocardium. The aim of the present work was to determine the prevalence of heart disease in two rural areas of Venezuela with a high endemicity of Chagas' disease and to try to determine the natural history of the disease. It is shown that a form of chronic myocardial disease in patients with positive specific serology and good functional capacity is highly prevalent. Electrocardiographic patterns typical of the initial and developing stages of the disease, as well as early abnormalities of the cardiac rhythm, are described and illustrated. The present work forms part of a longitudinal study still in progress.
Clinical significance of postmastectomy radiotherapy to chest wall and armpit in breast cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To evaluate chinical significance of postmastectomy radiotherapy to chest well and armpit in breast cancer.Methods Complete data was obtained by visiting 146 patients including Ⅱ A period 46 cases,Ⅱ b period 53 cases,Ⅲ A period 39 cases,Ⅲ b period 8 cases.Among these patients,46 received chest wall irradiation(chest-wall-group),50 received top area of clavicle and the interior area of breast irradiation(2-fields-group),50 received top area of clavicle,interior area of breast and armpit(3-fields-group).Each fields use a does of between 50-55Gy,accomplished between 5.0～5.6 weeks.Results The 1-year,2-year and 3-year regional control rates were 98.0%,95.5%,95.5% in all patients for chest-wall-group;87.0%,82.4%,79.4%for two-fields-group;91.5%,84.2%,80.8% for three-fields-group.Clest-wall-group and two-fields-group χ2=4.524,P0.05.Chest-wall-group and 3-fields-group,P=0.056.Chest wall recurrence rates were 2.2% for the chest-wall irradiated group,13%,P0.05 for the chest-wall-unirradiated group.(2-fields-group and 3-fields-group).Armpit recurrence rates were 8% and 2%,P0.05.Dropsy rates in arms were 14%,38%,P0.01 for above two groups.The 1-year,3-year and 5-year survival rates were 97.8%,85.1%,80.3% and 95.9%,83.4%,71.1% and 93.8%,82.9,65.7% in all patients for three groups.χ2=0.135 for the chest-wall-group,χ2=1.496 for both the two and the three and P0.05 is for all of them.On distant metastasis of the carcinoma,it is 10.8% with χ2=0.23,8% and 10% with χ2=0.019 for 1-group,2-group and 3-group;P0.05 for both Group 2 and Group 3.Conclusion By chest wall irradiation,regional controlling rates can be greatly improved and locoregional recurrence is reduced.However,survival rate is not improved.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2,3‐Triazolo(5,1‐b)thiazoles; Synthesis and Properties.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Tightness & Struggle

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In May 1935, the Woolfs view Nazi Germany first hand. Woolf's 1935 diary reveals the three daunting challenges she now faces; it also showcases her great courage and effort as she seeks to counter each negation with a book. However, her inner artistic battle involves a creeping tightness. She wants to keep loose (and supple) even as she tightens The Years. Is this possible? Her diary, as usual, helps her; she turns to other diaries as well. In September, as Mussolini prepares to pounce on Abyssinia, Woolf reads first a country doctor's (Dr. John Salter’s) diary for the years 1849 to 1932 and then a literary critic’s (John Bailey's Letters and Diaries, 1861–1931). She reads, in short, male voices across “the years,” as chronicled in her novel. She enters into a dialogue with these diarists in her public works.
An Investigation of Some Immunological and Hematological Variables in Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: The autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can cause multisystemic tissue damage because of the interaction between the autoantibodies and self-antigens. The complement system has a role in the development of the disease activity after its activation by the immune complexes. In addition to the impairment in the function of T and B cells. Objectives: The current study aimed to determine some hematological and immunological factors that could be indicated to disease activity. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, venous blood from 54 SLE patients, who were referred to Medical City, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, and 46 healthy subjects were withdrawn from January 2022 to July 2022. The levels of blood parameters such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), white blood cells (WBC), and Hb were measured for the patients and controls. The levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies, C3, C4, IL-6, and IL-17a, were determined for patients and controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Clinical diagnosis was made for all SLE patients according to the standards approved by the American College of Rheumatology, and the disease activity was determined by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Information such as age, history of diagnosis of the disease, and family history were collected by using a questionnaire provided for this study. Results: The age range shows a high rate of SLE disease in the age group 25–34, 24 (44.44%). The inactive group of patients was the largest among all patient’s groups (28 [51.85%]). ESR rate and WBCs count were significantly higher in patients. Anti-dsDNA antibodies were significantly high, with an average of 4.84 U/mL in patients compared to healthy controls. C3 and C4 showed an obvious reduction in the sera of patients (111.57, 0.278, respectively) compared to healthy people (126.08, 0.0489, respectively). Anti-dsDNA antibodies appeared with high significant levels in the active group of patients compared to other groups. For cytokines results, IL-6 was significantly high in patients (70.62 ng/l), and the levels of IL-6 and IL-17a were differentiated significantly with disease activity. Conclusions: CD3, C4, and dsDNA could be the most efficient indicators for disease diagnosis. However, dsDNA, IL-6, and IL-17a are the best to indicate disease activity.
Proposed Revisions Concerning Products Liability Caveat Vendor

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Both industrial sellers and consumer sellers should look at proposals for revision of the sections relating to warranty liability in Article 2. Particularly important are the sections on warranty, express and implied, on third-party liability, disclaimers and limitation of remedy, notice, and statute of limitations. Using current law as a baseline, revised Article 2 increases sellers' liability in at least half a dozen ways and decreases it in no significant way.