jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Rating the vitality of sign languages

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale (EGIDS, Authors 2010), based on Fishman’s (1991) earlier GIDS, was developed with spoken languages in mind. As such, some wording and criteria in it do not apply easily to signed languages, reflecting the fact that signed languages have not figured prominently in the literature on language endangerment. In this paper, we propose a modification and refinement of EGIDS that is equally applicable to signed and spoken languages. Some modifications are trivial, such as replacing “speakers” with “users” or “speakers/signers”. Since transmission of sign languages is usually not from parent to child (a relatively small proportion of deaf children have parents who know a sign language), phrases such as “transmitting [the language] to their children” need to be rewritten to put the emphasis on whether children are learning the language, not who they are learning it from. Some changes are considerably more challenging, however, such as the importance of writing. Although writing systems have been devised for some sign languages, no signing community makes regular, widespread use of a writing system. Yet, many signed languages are used in schools and thus have institutional support and other mechanisms of standardization that parallels what happens in spoken languages with established writing systems. We propose, therefore, that the key criteria that distinguish EGIDS levels 4 (Educational) and 5 (Developing) from level 6a (Vigorous) is not writing but the extent of standardization and institutional support, particularly from the formal educational system. Similarly, it is necessary to characterize normal use of a language (not in written form) in a way that does not use the word “oral”, which presupposes spoken languages. Instead, we propose “face-to-face communication”. In making these modifications, some larger questions about language vitality of signed and spoken languages have needed to be considered. What sociolinguistic characteristics of signed languages result in a level of vitality that is comparable to a given level for spoken languages? Or, to put it another way, to what extent are signed and spoken languages affected by the same factors, and when there are differences, are these differences analogous between the two modalities? Are signed languages more or less robust than spoken languages when facing analogous pressures? (Anecdotal evidence suggests that sign languages are very resistant to replacement by spoken languages, but very easily replaced by other sign languages.) The revised EGIDS provides a first step toward answering such questions.
Efficacy of Chemotherapy Integrated With Traditional Korean Medicine in Patients With Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: This retrospective study investigated the efficacy and safety of chemotherapy (CTX) integrated with Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM) in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer, in a single Korean center. Methods: From January, 2014 to February, 2019, patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer who had received CTX were enrolled. Overall survival (OS), demographic characteristics, and adverse events were examined. Statistical analysis was utilized to evaluate the differences in characteristics and to compare the survival rates between the CTX group and CTX+TKM group. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to compare the differences in survival time. A Cox regression analysis was performed to determine the hazard ratio of the risk of mortality. Results: A total 37 participants were included and visited a TKM hospital 7.4 ± 8.3 months after being diagnosed with metastatic pancreatic cancer. The median age of the participants was 62 years; 26 patients (70.3%) had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status between 0 and 2, and 23 patients (62.2 %) had first-line CTX failure. The median OS of all patients was 3.8 months (95% CI, 3.1-4.6). The CTX + TKM group showed longer survival (4.1 months; 95% CI, 2.4- .8) than the CTX group (2.4 months, 95% CI 0.2-4.6) but this was not statistically significant ( P = .217). Chemotherapy with TKM treatment for more than 30 days (CTX + TKM ≥ 30) significantly prolonged median OS (9.1 months; 95% CI, 3.6-14.5; P = .025) compared to chemotherapy alone. Cox hazard ratio analysis revealed that CTX + TKM ≥ 30 and prior chemotherapy were significantly independent prognostic factors for OS. The main herbs in the TKM treatment were Rhus verniciflua Stokes and Astragalus. Severe adverse events with respect to TKM treatment were not reported. Conclusions: TKM treatment integrated with chemotherapy may prolong OS in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer compared to chemotherapy treatment alone. More rigorous prospective clinical trials are needed to confirm this result.
Simulated Trust: Creating Situational Awareness in a Multi-actor Security Exercise

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract “A safe and secure city is made together!” This is a commonly heard co-creation tag line in numerous events where security specialists and stakeholders convene. But how is this togetherness specifically enacted in command center or situation rooms of stadiums and other venues filled with soccer fans or festival goers? This chapter discusses joint security-generation and the construction of shared situational awareness that supports it. It is built on the complex adaptive systems theory and draws its inspiration particularly from Bart Nooteboom’s ideas of trust, communication, and cooperation. Moreover, positioned at the crossroads of governance and sociotechnical systems studies, it is philosophically rooted on pragmatism. This also renders the paper critical by its approach. In the heat of an emergency situation—and even more so, pressurized in a situation room—we need to ensure that the methods and tools that we use for creating this commonality support rather than harm the restoration and maintenance of public safety and security in any given context. The epithets “joint,” “shared,” or “commonality” imply that it is necessary for the stakeholders to be able to trust each other. In a row of two exercises, we studied the use of a compact and highly mobile tool for situational awareness in simulated urban event security situations. Survey data collected from the exercise participants highlight the elements that security stakeholders appreciate in the available tools and how the individual and collective understanding of what is at stake becomes constructed. Institutional ethnography/longitudinal participatory observation during the entire simulation cycle from early co-creation sessions with the participating agencies to the actual simulation sessions and their debriefing added depth to the interpretation of both qualitative and quantitative data. The results shed light on the situational factors that contribute to if not potentially determine the successes and failures of joint multi-actor security exercises.
Comparison of Therapeutic and Cosmetic Results of Curettage, Surgical Excision and Combined Curettage and Cauterization in Lesions of Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction & Objective: Skin cancers are the most common malignancies of the mankind. Basal call carcinoma (BCC) constitutes the most prevalent skin cancer in human beings. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic and cosmetic results of three methods of treatment of BCC i.e. curettage, surgical excision and combined curettage and cauterization. Materials & Methods: This is an interventional study, through which 79 lesions of BCC on the faces and scalps of 64 patients in Besat hospital of Sanandaj city in 2001-2003 were treated by curettage, surgical excision and combined curettage and cauterization. Collected data were recorded in frequency tables. Results: 69 (87.3%) of tumors were papulonodular type, 61 of them had an ulcer on their surface. 26 tumors were treated by surgery which had a cure rate of 91.7%. 45 (57%) tumors were of solid type. During the follow–up period, an overall recurrence rate of 11.4% (9 tumors) was noticed. Two of the tumors that were treated by surgery, 5 of the tumors treated by curettage, and 2 of those which were treated by combined curettage and cauterization recurred. The cosmetic result in the patients who had been treated by curettage was quite promising, only a small scar or a slight hyper pigmentation was left at the site of the lesions. Conclusion: Curettage is more suitable for the treatment of small lesions of B.C, but it is not recommended for the treatment of the tumors having aggressive behavior or rapid growth. The cosmetic result in the patients treated by combined curettage and cauterization of the lesions was also excellent and in most cases scar was minimal or absent. Combined curettage and cauterization is a cheap and suitable method for the treatment of BCC and it can easily be accomplished.
Sexual dysfunction in males with chronic hepatitis C and antiviral therapy: interferon-induced functional androgen deficiency or depression?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Decrease of libido and erectile dysfunction are reported by male patients during antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis C, but therapy-associated underlying factors for sexual dysfunction are not well defined. To assess putative contributions of interferon-induced sex hormone changes to sexual dysfunction, we prospectively investigated changes in free testosterone, total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, prolactin, sex hormone-binding globulin, FSH and LH levels and psychometric self-assessment scores in 34 male patients treated with interferon alfa-2b (5 MIU three times weekly) ( n =19)+ ribavirin ( n =15) for 6–12 months. Depression was measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Sexual dysfunction was evaluated by the Symptom Checklist 90 Item Revised and a five-point rating scale assessing sexual arousal disorder. Free and total testosterone decreased significantly during antiviral therapy in close correlation with libido/sexual function. Depression scores increased during therapy and were also significantly associated with sexual dysfunction. However, androgen levels displayed no significant correlation with depression. These results suggest that interferon-induced decrease in sexual function is associated – but not causally related –with both androgen reduction and increased depressive symptoms. These findings may affect care for male hepatitis C patients during interferon therapy.
THE INDUCTIVE ROLE OF THE YOLK EPITHELIUM IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SQUID, LOLIGO PEALII (LESUEUR),

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

1. Techniques for the in vitro culture of dechorionated Loiigo pealii embryos, involving the use of whole adult squid blood, sterile sea water, and antibiotics, have been devised. Essentially normal development will take place in this culture medium.2. The embryos in stages 16 and 17 are composed essentially of three components: an outer layer of cells, an inner cellular yolk epithelium, and the central mass of yolk. When the outer layer of cells and the yolk epithelium are isolated together, normal histogenesis and development will occur. When the outer layer of cells is isolated by itself, no differentiation occurs. This leads to the conclusion that the yolk epithelium induces the outer layer of cells to differentiate. This conclusion was upheld by grafting and deletion experiments.3. The role of the yolk epithelium, therefore, may be in acting as a "morphogenetic inductive map."
Development and Maintenance of Self-Disclosure on Facebook: The Role of Personality Traits

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study explored the relationships between Facebook self-disclosure and personality traits in a sample of Italian users. The aim was to analyze the predictive role of Big Five personality traits on different parameters of breadth and depth of self-disclosed behaviors online. Facebook users, aged between 18 and 64 years of age ( M age = 25.3 years, SD = 6.8; N = 958), of which 51% were female, voluntarily completed an online survey assessing personality traits and Facebook self-disclosure. Results at a series of hierarchical regression analyses significantly corroborated the hypotheses that high extroverted and openness people tend to disclose on Facebook a significant amount of personal information, whereas high consciousness and agreeableness users are less inclined to do it. Furthermore, more extroverts and agreeableness people develop less intimacy on Facebook, differently from those with high levels of openness. Results also corroborated the hypothesis of a full mediation of time usage in the relationship between personality factors such as extroversion and conscientiousness with breadth of Facebook self-disclosure. Overall, according to the findings of the current study, personality traits and Facebook self-disclosure become central both as predictive variables for depicting the different profiles of potential addicted and as variables to help educators, teachers, and clinicians to develop training or therapeutic programs aimed at preventing the risk of Internet addiction. Limitations of the study are discussed, and directions for future research are suggested.
Accomplishing social work identity in interprofessional mental health teams following the implementation of the Mental Health Act 2007

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The main objective of the thesis was to explore how social work Approved Mental Health Professionals accomplished social work identity when seconded to Mental Health Trusts. The project has examined the identity work that the social workers engaged in as they located themselves within interprofessional interagency community mental health teams. Insights from ethnomethodology and conversation analysis have been used to examine the interview data. Following Wieder (1974), the findings chapters are presented in two parts. In the first part, the focus is on the interviews as a resource and thus there is a more traditional reporting of what the social workers talked about in the interviews. Throughout the interviews, the social workers were concerned to delineate what was ‘real’ social work. Real social work was depicted as involving autonomous work in the community with mental health service users; this is the ‘authentic realm of social work’ (Pithouse 1998 p.21). Social work identity was portrayed as intrinsic to the self with congruence between personal and professional identity and values. However, the social workers struggled to define social work. Instead of having a clearly defined role, social work was depicted as intangible; as being without clear margins and boundaries, filling in the gaps left by other professions. Notions of ‘dirty work’ (Hughes 1948) and the implications of being seconded to a Health Trust are also discussed. The analytic focus shifts in the second part to the interview as a topic, specifically to how social work identity was accomplished within the interview as interaction. Matters such as being a member, the part played by the use of humour in the interviews, and the interaction as a research interview are explored. Finally, there is an examination of how social work identity was accomplished through the telling of atrocity stories.
Improving Spatial Resolution of Induced Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy for Defect Characterization in Irradiated Layers

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The objective of this work is to improve the sensitivity and spatial resolution of an induced positron annihilation (IPA) spectroscopy system for the detection of material defects. The Positron Systems Inc. PS6100 is an apparatus for non-destructive testing (NDT) utilizing IPA and proprietary technology. The PS6100 operates by introducing a flux of positrons in a sample; positrons then annihilate with electrons, emitting gamma rays which are collected, and converted into the S-parameter. The S records the gamma rays that have the expected energy versus an energy altered by defects. Most NDT techniques are only capable of detecting macroscale defects. However, the PS6100 has the potential to provide a higher spatial resolution. In this work, we will test on alloy HT9 (~Fe-12Cr-1Mo) with a 2 μm deep irradiation damage layer on the one edge, which we wish to detect using IPA. The center of the probe is scanned linearly across the coupon at a spacing of 254 μm. This test will help determine the sensitivity and the error of the PS6100 to guide future testing.
FEATURES OF INNOVATIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

У статті визначено сутність та передумови розвитку цифрової економіки, оцінено її вплив на інноваційний розвиток підприємницких структур. На основі узагальненої моделі цифрової трансформації підприємництва встановлені критерії ефективності програм цифрових перетворень, обгрунтовано, що внаслідок зростання інформаційної складової сучасні бізнес-процеси здійснюються у фізичній та цифровій економіці паралельно. Досліджено зміст конвергенції як однієї з ключових тенденцій ІТ-сфери, здатної забезпечити якісно новий рівень інтеграції цифрових технологій. Вастановлена роль транзакційних даних у забезпеченні аналітичної функції підприємств, визначений їх склад. Доведено, що у сучасних реаліях спостерігаються ознаки того, що індустріальна фаза зростання світової економіки підійшла до свого завершення, та її подальший розвиток буде здійснюватися під зростаючим впливом інформаційних технологій, що мають інноваційний характер. Наведено визначення сутності інноваційного підприємництва та здійснена класифікація його видів, зокрема виділені такі його види, як інноваційна продукція, інноваційні технології та соціальні інновації. Визначені зміни, що внесла цифрова економіка в інноваційну діяльність підприємницьких структур. Дослідження основних тенденцій розвитку та характерних особливостей цифрової економіки надали підставу запропонувати систематизацію особливостей інноваційного підприємництва у цифровій економіці та визначити нові соціокультурні виклики, що породжуює поширення цифровізації та інформаційних технологій. Зроблено висновок про те, що в сучасному світі склалася необхідність постійного оновлення не лише технологій, а й підвищення знань і компетенцій для того, щоб вміти знаходити нестандартні рішення, бути постійно готовим до ризиків і вільно орієнтуватися в умовах багатозадачності
Minister of Education and Culture Counseling Socialization No. 82 of 2015 Concerning Prevention and Management of Acts of Violence in the Education Unit Environment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Lecturers have an important role in character education in higher education. In carrying out the main tasks of the Tri Dharma of Higher Education, namely conducting teaching, research and community service. Another goal of this community service is for lecturers to go directly into the community and learn about educational problems that occur in the community. Broadly speaking, this program intends to provide reinforcement to all residents in the school environment about the importance of education, especially Counseling to Permendikbud No. 82 of 2015 concerning Prevention and Management of Acts of Violence in Environmental Education Units. The function of education is to refer to a person's character or behavior and personality. Conversely, the role of education is very large in preparing and developing reliable and competitive Human Resources (HR). That is why carrying out education is a moral task that is not light. So that the importance of education in an effort to educate the nation's life, improve people's welfare, and build and build national dignity, the government is trying to pay serious attention to addressing various problems in the field of improving education starting from elementary, middle, to high levels.
Student Learning in Competence-Based Pre-Vocational Secondary Education.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to investigate relations between goal orientations, information processing strategies and development of conceptual knowledge of pre-vocational secondary education students (n=719; 14 schools). Student preferences for certain types of goals and information processing strategies were examined using questionnaires. Conceptual knowledge was investigated by having students create concept maps before and after a learning project. Structural and hierarchical analyses show that student preferences for mastery and performance goals positively affected their preferences for the use of deep information processing strategies. Use of surface information processing strategies negatively affected the development of conceptual knowledge.
MOESM2 of PhySpeTree: an automated pipeline for reconstructing phylogenetic species trees

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Additional file 2: Table S1. The list of 140,662 species supported in the SSU rRNA option. Table S2. The list of 5943 species supported in the HCP option. Table S3. The list of 31 highly conserved proteins and corresponding KEGG IDs. Table S4 and Table S5. The lists of SSU rRNA and HCP matched species between prebuilt databases of PhySpeTree and the updated tree of life, respectively. Table S6. Species used to reconstruct the tree of life in Fig.Â 2.
A micomachined platform for localized index modulation in chirped fiber bragg gratings and its application to ultrafast optical pulse shaping

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper reports the development of a micromachined platform that locally modifies the refractive index of a chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG). This platform, composed of an array of electrothermal actuators, has been used to make an ultrashort optical pulse shaper. The micromachined array, with a footprint of 5 mm /spl times/ 1 mm, has 75 actuators spaced 60 /spl mu/m apart, and has been used to demonstrate pulse shaping both in the time and frequency domain. A normalized intensity peak of 1.5 at 1550 nm is obtained by applying about 2 mN of force using a single actuator. The intensity peak can be shifted by over 3 nm to the edge of the CFBG spectrum by using different actuators. The pulse width is modulated from 1.5 ps to 4 ps by application of 500 mW of power. System simulations track experimental data that show the individual actuators addressing distinct frequency components. Thermal experiments verify that heat generated by the electrothermal actuators has no measurable effect on the optical pulse spectrum obtained.