jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Fifth Centile Versus 50th Centile Mean Blood Pressure Targets in Pediatric Septic Shock: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVES: Hypotension is common in septic children, mean blood pressure (MBP) guides vasoactive agent titration. However, the Surviving Sepsis Guidelines for children were unable to recommend whether to target the 5th or 50th MBP percentile for septic shock. We aim to compare two MBP targets (5th vs. 50th percentile) for titrating vasoactive agents in septic shock patients. DESIGN: Single-center, open-label, randomized noninferiority trial. SETTING: It was conducted in a tertiary care PICU in India from April 2021 to March 2024. PATIENTS: Patients 1 month to 16 years old with septic shock unresponsive to fluids and requiring vasopressors. INTERVENTIONS: Children with septic shock were randomly assigned to either the 5th or 50th percentile MBP group, with vasopressor treatment adjusted to maintain the target blood pressure (BP) for each group. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The primary outcome was 28-day all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included PICU/hospital stay, duration of vasoactive use, vasopressor-related adverse events, need for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), invasive ventilation, and prevalence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A total of 144 children were enrolled. At 28 days, mortality did not differ significantly between groups: 16.9% (12/71) in the 5th centile group vs. 23.2% (17/73) in the 50th centile group ( p = 0.41; risk difference, 6.3; 95% CI, –6.9 to 19.2). Norepinephrine use was higher in the 50th centile group (85% vs. 67%; p = 0.04). Vasoactive duration was longer in the 50th centile group (30.4 ± 13.3 vs. 18.8 ± 10.8; p = 0.001). The Vasoactive-Inotropic Score was also higher (64.0 ± 35.7 vs. 45.2 ± 29.6; p = 0.001). ARDS prevalence was significantly higher in the 50th centile group (32.8% vs. 16.9%; p = 0.02). No significant differences were found in other secondary outcomes like length of stay, ventilation duration, need for CRRT, or adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Targeting a lower MBP (5th vs. 50th centile) in septic shock showed no significant difference in 28-day mortality. This suggests a lower BP target may be safe, reducing vasoactive drug use and related side effects.
The Intersection between Evil and Architecture: Environment and Agency

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter examines some ways in which architecture has been used to reflect and commemorate ideas about evil. Architectural forms reflect the world that evil is perceived to inhabit. By comparing early medieval descriptions of hell with Albert Speer's designs for a new Nazi Berlin, we can come to a better understanding of what each age thought about evil and how it was reflected in architectural design. Other architectural monuments are examined for their role in reflections upon evil. It becomes clear that the nature of evil has shifted, from a force outside of humanity to one within.
The influence of the fuel cell by temperature and the design of control system of temperature

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Operating temperature is one of the most important factors affecting the fuel cell performance. Increase of the operating temperature can improve the rate of chemical reaction, however, it reduces the humidity in the proton exchange membrane leading to reduce its performance. This project is to study the optimal working temperature of proton exchange membranes fuel cell (PEMFC), through testing of fuel cell perfom1ance in different temperature in order to find the most suitable temperature for the low temperature PEMFC. Meanwhile, this project combines other factors, such as gas pressure, purging time and water molecule on membranes, which can also affect the perfom1ance of fuel cell are under investigation. Besides, this project implemented automatic control of the fuel cell system by using Lab VIEW. Through controlling external cooling system of fuel cell by PID control algoritlun, this project designs a full -automation temperature control system for PEMFC with low parasitic loss to achieve the best output power of the fuel cell. Furthermore, this study includes setting up a complete fuel cell system, allowing all sub-components in the system integrated in a moveable working platform. It is ready to be used as a demonstration system for chemical industries, where hydrogen is available as a byproduct from the chemical plant.
Jones polynomial and knot transitions in topological semimetals

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Topological nodal line semimetals host stable chained, linked, or knotted line degeneracies in momentum space protected by symmetries. In this paper, we use the Jones polynomial as a general topological invariant to capture the global knot topology of the nodal lines. We show that every possible change in Jones polynomial is attributed to the local evolutions around every point where two nodal lines touch. As an application of our theory, we show that nodal chain semimetals with four touching points can evolve to a Hopf-link. We extend our theory to 3D non-Hermitian multi-band exceptional line semimetals.
Emerging practices of faith-based organisations addressing human resources for health

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Adequate health system performance and achieving the Millennium Development Goals for health, requires that qualified health care providers are available and can perform adequately. However, there is a critical shortage of health care providers in sub-Saharan Africa, and this crisis is hitting faith-based organizations (FBOs) particularly hard. Many FBOs in sub- Saharan Africa are organized into national Christian Health Associations. In 2005 several of these highlighted shared challenges with respect to human resources for health and decided to share experiences on creative ways to recruit and retain staff and other emerging innovations around HRH practices. The Netherlands-based international NGO CORDAID supported this initiative by developing a ‘linking and learning’ program around human resources for health to facilitate exchange and joint reflection. This article outlines some of the main lessons from this program which sought to document and analy se emerging practices developed by FBOs to improve their HRH situation
Glass Forming Ability in Amorphous Ti<sub>50</sub>Cu<sub>35-x</sub>Ni<sub>15</sub>Sn<sub>x</sub> Alloys Prepared by Mechanical Alloying

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

in the present study, amorphous ti50cu35-xni15snx (x=0~7) alloy powders were synthesized by mechanical alloying technique. the amorphization behavior of ti50cu28ni15sn7 alloy powders was examined in details by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimeter, x-ray diffraction, and synchrotron x-ray absorption spectroscopy. the results show that fully amorphous powders formed after 7 hours of milling. The thermal stability of the Ti50Cu35-xNi15Snx amorphous powders was investigated by differential scanning calorimeter. The amorphous Ti50Cu35Ni15 powders (i.e., x=0) exhibit no glass transition behavior. However, the amorphous Ti50Cu35-xNi15Snx (x=3~7) powders were found to exhibit a supercooled liquid region before crystallization. Amorphous Ti50Cu28Ni15Sn7 alloy powders exhibits a wide supercooled liquid region of 61 K.
Influence factors of organizational citizenship behaviors in Latin American countries: a Brazilian case study

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose Research on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) has been based on Western developed economies’ samples (or specific Eastern countries such as China and Saudi Arabia), lacking attention to developing contexts (Latin America). Even though OCBs’ antecedents in the Global North context have been thoroughly explored, Corporate Social Responsibility’s (CSR) perceptions and organizational commitment’s (OC) roles are “under-studied” in such developing contexts. This study aims to respond to the call for research on the behavioral perspective on CSR in Latin America, challenging implicit assumptions of theories developed in Western developed countries, related to the employees’ CSR perceptions and OC and OCB research. Design/methodology/approach In a postpositivist approach, the authors tested whether CSR and OC directly affect OCB, exploring OCB’s five dimensions – altruism, courtesy, consciousness, civic virtue and sportsmanship, with a main hypothesis that CSR and OC directly affect OCBs. The sample comprises responses from 1,059 employees from public and private Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Brazil – the largest economy in Latin America, yet a collectivistic society developing country, in which OCB phenomena is still underexplored or done to a lesser extent. Findings Whenever positively perceiving their organizations’ CSR activities, employees identify strongly with the organization, influencing positive job outcomes such as OC and OCBs. Findings indicate that despite not perfectly fitting non-North American contexts, the OCB five-dimension structure is positively related to employees’ CSR perception, confirming OC’s stronger role in the Brazilian context. Indeed, findings confirm OC’s influence over all OCB dimensions, re-stating it as a stronger predictor of behaviors like consciousness (compliance), civic virtue and sportsmanship. Originality/value This research accepted the challenge of bringing OC back to OCB research. Indeed, seminal work had implied OC as a robust and significant predictor of the OCB, yet in Western developed economies. The scarcity of research on the matter in developing collectivist economies such as Brazil, justifies this study’s novelty and appropriateness.
The Effectiveness of Skin Perfusion Pressure Measurements during Endovascular Therapy in Determining the Endpoint in Critical Limb Ischemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 78-year-old man had right foot ulceration. The skin perfusion pressure (SPP) at the dorsum was 12 mmHg. Angiography revealed right iliac artery occlusion and diffuse stenosis of right superficial femoral artery. After stenting of the iliac arteries, the SPP was still 23 mmHg. Hence, we also inserted stents in the right superficial femoral artery. The anterior tibial artery remained stenosed, and the posterior tibial and fibular arteries were occluded. However, as the SPP had increased to 46 mmHg the treatment was discontinued. The ulcers improved. Measurement of SPP during a procedure may be useful in determining the treatment endpoint.
Soft tissue protection from exposed K-wires

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

K-wires may be used to maintain fracture reduction for several weeks in orthopaedic surgery. Exposed sharp ends are a potential risk to the surgeon and patient. Covering the exposed wire end with a 1ml syringe gasket (black bung located at plunger tip) provides secure protection (Fig 1). This is a cheap and effective method of preventing drape perforation and soft tissue injury.

Figure 1

Exposed K-wires covered with a syringe gasket
The Plasma Distribution in Saturn's Inner Magnetosphere from 2.4 to 10 Rs: A Diffusive Equilibrium Model

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This is the supporting data set for the paper by the same title published in AGU JGR Space Physics, 10.1029/2019JA027545 Abstract: Electron density measurements have been obtained by the Cassini Radio and Plasma Wave Science (RPWS) instrument covering the period from 30 June, 2004 to 19 April, 2017, spanning latitudes up to ~30o and L values from 2.4 to 10. Near the F ring, electron densities are derived from RPWS measurements of electron plasma oscillations at high latitudes and from the Langmuir Probe (RPWS/LP) sweep data at low latitudes. The electron density measurements from the ring-grazing orbits, beginning in December 2016, have made it possible to extend the work of a previous diffusive equilibrium model to include the distribution of the ring plasma. Beyond the ring-grazing orbits, the densities are derived from RPWS measurements of the upper hybrid resonance frequency. These density measurements are used to anchor the fit of an expanded diffusive equilibrium density model for a two-species plasma consisting of water group and hydrogen ions in Saturn’s inner magnetosphere. Density contour plots for the two ion species and the electrons are presented. The distribution of the derived plasma densities is consistent with two primary sources, the Enceladus plumes and the extended ring atmosphere. There is also an indication of a weaker plasma source at Dione. In the region just outside the A Ring and in the region including the Enceladus orbit, the diffusive equilibrium model also clearly shows the expansion of lighter ions and electrons to higher latitudes along the magnetic field lines with evidence of a weaker plasma expansion between the orbits of Tethys and Dione.
Correlation between Assignments for Professionalism of the Post-graduate Clinical Competency Evaluation and the Pre-graduate Objective Structured Clinical Achievement Test in Dental Education

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Currently, there is a strong need to establish a clinical competency evaluation along with associated criteria, taking into consideration the international trend of quality assurance in higher education promoted in Europe, the United States, and Japan. This is based on the global standards proposed by the World Federation for Medical Education. Cross-sectional studies for each period have been reported regarding education at the pre-graduate clinical practical training and post-graduate clinical training levels. However, no studies on a clinical competency examination as an overall evaluation at the end of pre-graduate clinical practical training and at the end of post–graduate clinical training, or sequential evaluations on pre- and post-graduate dental education have ever been conducted. We report the results of a pilot study on the correlations within the post-graduate clinical competency evaluation as well as the results of comparative examinations between pre-graduate objective structured clinical achievement tests. The objective of this pilot study was to establish an appropriate clinical competency evaluation for professionalism in dental education. An examination was administered to dental trainees at the end of their clinical training. Analysis of the individual evaluation scores indicated a significant correlation with the post-graduate psychomotor domain. The correlation between the total score for postgraduate assignments and the post-graduate prosthetic dentistry score was high. The correlation between the individual evaluation scores for pre- and post-graduate assessment indicated no significant correlation. The present study found no correlation between the evaluations for the same item in the same subject over time before and after graduation,whereas a correlation was observed with the evaluation of the items in the psychomotor domain after postgraduate clinical training. The specific item may represent the entire assessment.
Predicting escalating and de-escalating violence in Africa using Markov models

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This contribution to the ViEWS prediction competition 2020 proposes using Markov modeling to model the change in the logarithm of battle-related deaths between two points in time in a country. The predictions are made using two ensembles of observed and hidden Markov models, where the covariate sets for the ensembles are drawn from the ViEWS country month constituent models. The weights for the individual models in the ensembles were obtained using a genetic algorithm optimizing the fit on the TADDA-score in a calibration set. The weighted ensembles of visible and hidden Markov models outperform the ViEWS prediction competition benchmark models on the TADDA score in the test period of January 2017 to December 2019 for all time steps. Forecasts until March 2021 predict increased violence primarily in Algeria, Libya, Tchad, Niger, and Angola, and decreased or unchanged levels of violence in most of the remaining countries in Africa. An analysis of the model weights in the ensembles shows that the conflict history constituent model provided by ViEWS was dominant in the ensembles.
The Perceived Impact of Professional Development on the Development of Instructional Coaches

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Over the past decade, instructional coaching has quickly asserted itself as one of the leading professional development models of the 21st Century. While there is a growing demand for instructional coaches, some believe that many coaches are not provided with the training they need to be effective in their new role (Brown, Stroh, Fouts, & Baker, 2005; Tschannen-Moran & Tschannen-Moran, 2011). The purpose of this descriptive research study is to explore the types of professional development provided to Pennsylvania's instructional coaches by documenting and analyzing the quantity, quality, and perceived impact of trainings offered to Pennsylvania instructional coaches. The sample was limited to Pennsylvania coaches and "instructional coaching" was defined in accordance with Jim Knight's definition which describes an instructional coach as an onsite professional developer who works with teachers to help them incorporate research based instructional practices across all content areas (2007). This mixed-methods study utilized an online questionnaire to document the professional development experiences of instructional coaches throughout Pennsylvania. The three-part questionnaire included a section on demographics, professional development experiences, and open-ended responses. The professional development section of the questionnaire asked participants to identify topics in which they had been trained, characteristics of the training, and their perceived impact that the training had on their development as an instructional coach. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data and report the findings. The findings were organized by demographics data, content of professional development, quality of professional development and impact of professional development. The demographic data found that the sample represented a wide- variety of coaching initiatives from across the state. While the content of subjects' professional development did include topics from the PA Coaching Competencies, there was not substantial participation in topics related to effective coaching practices. When coaches did participate in professional learning, they reported that the training met multiple characteristics of effective professional development. Coaches also noted that coach-to-coach support was the most valuable form of professional learning. In regards to the impact of professional development, most coaches reported that the training they have received has had a moderate to large impact on their development as a coach.
Mechanisms of activation of mouse and human enteroendocrine cells by nutrients

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective Inhibition of food intake and glucose homeostasis are both promoted when nutrients stimulate enteroendocrine cells (EEC) to release gut hormones. Several specific nutrient receptors may be located on EEC that respond to dietary sugars, amino acids and fatty acids. Bypass surgery for obesity and type II diabetes works by shunting nutrients to the distal gut, where it increases activation of nutrient receptors and mediator release, but cellular mechanisms of activation are largely unknown. We determined which nutrient receptors are expressed in which gut regions and in which cells in mouse and human, how they are associated with different types of EEC, how they are activated leading to hormone and 5-HT release. Design and results mRNA expression of 17 nutrient receptors and EEC mediators was assessed by quantitative PCR and found throughout mouse and human gut epithelium. Many species similarities emerged, in particular the dense expression of several receptors in the distal gut. Immunolabelling showed specific colocalisation of receptors with EEC mediators PYY and GLP-1 (L-cells) or 5-HT (enterochromaffin cells). We exposed isolated proximal colonic mucosa to specific nutrients, which recruited signalling pathways within specific EEC extracellular receptor-regulated kinase (p-ERK) and calmodulin kinase II (pCAMKII), as shown by subsequent immunolabelling, and activated release of these mediators. Aromatic amino acids activated both pathways in mouse, but in humans they induced only pCAMKII, which was colocalised mainly with 5-HT expression. Activation was pertussis toxin-sensitive. Fatty acid (C12) potently activated p-ERK in human in all EEC types and evoked potent release of all three mediators. Conclusions Specific nutrient receptors associate with distinct activation pathways within EEC. These may provide discrete, complementary pharmacological targets for intervention in obesity and type II diabetes.
ENSURING OFOPH “PROMOTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN THE FIELD OF HEALTH CARE FOR SCIENTIFIC JUSTIFICATION OF POLITICS AND PRACTICE” AT UZHHOROD NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The goal of study: to evaluate the implementation at Uzhhorod National University of OFOPH "Promoting the development of scientific research in the field of health care for scientific justification of policy and practice".Materials and methods. Analytical method and method of structural-and-logical analysis were applied in the course of study. The materials of scientific activity of employees of the Department of Health Sciences of UzhNU were used as the materials of this study. The study covered the period 2017–2020.Results. Employees of the Department of Health Sciences conduct significant scientific activity in the direction of scientific support of the development of the public health system, which consists in the implementation of research work "Medical-and-demographic and sanitary-and-epidemiological situation in Transcarpathian region as a factor of formation of the regional public health system". In addition, original researches are conducted, employees take part in scientific conferences. Masters are involved in this type of activity.Conclusions. For scientists of Uzhhorod National University and directly the Department of Health Sciences, scientific researches on the development of the public health system are a priority.
Simultaneous UV Spectrophotometric Method for the Estimation of Lumefantrine in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

2 Abstract: Three simple, rapid, accurate, precise and cost-effective methods, I; formation and solving of simultaneous equation method, II; absorbance ratio method, III; Dual Wavelength Method have been developed for simultaneous estimation of Lumefantrine in tablet dosage form. Beer's law was obeyed in concentration range 5-35 µg/ml for Lumefantrin for all the proposed methods. The sampling wavelengths for methods I, II and III, selected for both the drugs were 252nm, 268nm and 296nm, on trial and error basis using 0.01 N NaOH solutions as solvent. For methods I, II, III seven mixed standards solutions with concentration of Lumefantrin in the µg/ml of 5:35, 10:30, 15:25, 20:20, 25:15, 30:10 and 35:5, were prepared by diluting appropriate volumes of standard stock solutions for all proposed three methods. Results of analysis for six methods were tested and validated for various parameters according to ICH guidelines.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Ternary Gallides with KHg2 and CaIn2 Structure.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.