jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Development of Charge-Augmented Three-Point Water Model (CAIPi3P) for Accurate Simulations of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are molecules without a fixed tertiary structure, exerting crucial roles in cellular signalling, growth and molecular recognition events. Due to their high plasticity, IDPs are very challenging in experimental and computational structural studies. To provide detailed atomic insight in IDPs dynamics governing its functional mechanisms, all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are widely employed. However, the current generalist force fields and solvent models are unable to generate satisfactory ensembles for IDPs when compared to existing experimental data. In this work, we present a new solvation model, denoted as Charge-Augmented 3 Point Water model for Intrinsically-disordered Proteins (CAIPi3P). CAIPi3P has been generated by performing a systematic scanning of atomic partial charges assigned to the widely popular molecular scaffold of the three-point TIP3P water model. We found that explicit solvent MD simulations employing CAIPi3P solvation considerably improved the SAXS scattering profiles for three different IDPs. Not surprisingly, this improvement was further enhanced by using CAIPi3P water in combination with the protein force field parametrized for IDPs. We have also demonstrated applicability of CAIPi3P to molecular systems containing structured as well as intrinsically disordered regions/domains. Our results highlight the crucial importance of solvent effects for generating molecular ensembles of IDPs which reproduce the experimental data available. Hence, we conclude that our newly developed CAIPi3P solvation model is a valuable tool assisting molecular simulations of intrinsically disordered proteins and assessing their molecular dynamics.
Quantitative studies of glomerular ultrastructure in human and experimental diabetes.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A brief review is given of glomerular structural changes in diabetes mellitus and in rats with induced diabetes. The stereological methods for obtaining quantitative structural data are mentioned, and references are given to the underlying theories as well as to more detailed descriptions of the practical performance. In short-term diabetes a glomerular hypertrophy is found with increase in the surface area of the capillaries, in parallel with an increase in glomerular filtration. In long-term diabetes mellitus the picture is dominated by accumulations of basement membrane: thickening of the peripheral basement membrane and expansion of the mesangial regions which hold large amounts of basement membrane material. Rats with a moderate diabetes show the early hypertrophy as well as long-term basement membrane thickening. Severely diabetic rats develop basement membrane thickening but do not show the early hypertrophy, which is therefore not a necessary condition for basement membrane thickening to occur.
Effect Of Transglutaminase Cross Linking On The Functional Properties As A Function Of Nacl Concentration Of Legumes Protein Isolate

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effect of cross linking of the protein isolates of three legumes with the microbial enzyme transglutaminase (EC 2.3.2.13) on the functional properties at different NaCl concentration was studied. The reduction in the total free amino groups (OD340) of the polymerized protein showed that TGase treatment cross-linking the protein subunit of each legume. The solubility of the protein polymer of each legume was greatly improved at high concentration of NaCl. At 1.2 M NaCl the solubility of the native legumes protein was significantly decreased but after polymerization slightly improved. Cross linked proteins were less turbid on heating to higher temperature as compared to native proteins and the temperature at which the protein turns turbid also increased in the polymerized proteins. The emulsifying and foaming properties of the protein polymer were greatly improved at all concentrations of NaCl for all legumes.
A FUNDAMENTAL STUDY ON THE DESIGN METHOD OF RUBBER AS A SHOCK ABSORBER

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

本研究は, 落橋防止用矩形状ゴム緩衝材の合理的な設計を簡易に行う手法について検討したものである. すなわち, 設計者が緩衝材に期待する衝撃荷重の低減効果とエネルギー吸収量を設定すれば, 3次元有限要素法によるゴムの大変形解析結果を用いて, 緩衝材として要求を満足する材質や寸法を決定する手法を提示した. また, 提示した設計手法により, 通常の硬度のゴム2種類を用いた場合の緩衝材の試設計を行った. さらに, 通常のゴム製緩衝材よりもエネルギー吸収能力が大きい積層繊維補強ゴムの適用についても検討を行った.
Materials Data on ScP2H5O9 by Materials Project

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

ScP2H5O9 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Sc3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form ScO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Sc–O bond distances ranging from 2.02–2.17 Å. There are two inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three equivalent ScO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 27–58°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.53–1.61 Å. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three equivalent ScO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 30–55°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.59 Å. There are five inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 1.01 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 1.01 Å. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.02 Å) and one longer (1.59 Å) H–O bond length. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.04 Å) and one longer (1.63 Å) H–O bond length. There are nine inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Sc3+, one P5+, and one H1+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Sc3+, one P5+, and one H1+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one P5+ and one H1+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three H1+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Sc3+ and one P5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Sc3+ and one P5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one P5+ and one H1+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Sc3+ and one P5+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Sc3+ and one P5+ atom.
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome due to Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Rare Presentation.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is a disease entity with notable signs and symptoms that cannot go unnoticed by clinicians and taken as a clear sign of infiltrative mediastinal involvement, usually caused by neoplasms in this location, however other causes of benign origin can also present with these symptoms. This unusual case highlights the fact that tuberculosis should also be kept in mind as a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with symptoms of SVC obstruction. A timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment leads to cure.
Self-reported quality care for knee osteoarthritis: comparisons across Denmark, Norway, Portugal and the UK

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives To assess and compare patient perceived quality of osteoarthritis (OA) management in primary healthcare in Denmark, Norway, Portugal and the UK. Methods Participants consulting with clinical signs and symptoms of knee OA were identified in 30 general practices and invited to complete a cross-sectional survey including quality indicators (QI) for OA care. A QI was considered as eligible if the participant had checked ‘Yes’ or ‘No’, and as achieved if the participant had checked ‘Yes’ to the indicator. The median percentage (with IQR and range) of eligible QIs achieved by country was determined and compared in negative binominal regression analysis. Achievement of individual QIs by country was determined and compared using logistic regression analyses. Results A total of 354 participants self-reported QI achievement. The median percentage of eligible QIs achieved (checked ‘Yes’) was 48% (IQR 28%, 64%; range 0–100%) for the total sample with relatively similar medians across three of four countries. Achievement rates on individual QIs showed a large variation ranging from 11% (referral to services for losing weight) to 67% (information about the importance of exercise) with significant differences in achievement rates between the countries. Conclusions The results indicated a potential for improvement in OA care in all four countries, but for somewhat different aspects of OA care. By exploring these differences and comparing healthcare services, ideas may be generated on how the quality might be improved across nations. Larger studies are needed to confirm and further explore the findings.
Shift to low-impact sports and recreational activities following total knee replacement

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: A growing number of physically active patients undergoing total knee replacement (TKR) desires to resume their preoperative activity levels and to be able to engage in sports after surgery. The purpose of this study was to assess the sporting and physical activities of patients who had undergone TKR. It was hypothesized that the majority of patients treated by TKR would have been able to return to amateur sports and recreational activity . Methods: Ninety-seven patients who underwent TKR between 2014 and 2016, were retrospectively reviewed. Mean age was 70.1 years (range 64–83). Average follow-up time was 4.2 years (SD: 1.7). Assessment included Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), and Tegner activity level. Sporting and physical activities of all patients were reported. Wilcoxon’s signed ranks test was used for comparison between pre-operative and follow-up data. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Both KOOS score and IKDC significantly improved after surgery ( p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences were reported concerning Tegner activity level before and after surgery ( p = n.s.). After surgery, a total number of 52 patients (53.6%) successfully returned to sporting and recreational activities, such as cycling, hiking, dancing and swimming. A return to activity rate of 81% of patients practicing sport before surgery was reported. Conclusions: TKR provides a high rate of return to sport postoperatively and confirms improved subjective results and reduced pain compared to preoperative status. However, most patients returned to low-impact activities, while a significant decrease was reported for mid- and high-impact sports.
Developing teachers' personal knowledge management competencies through integrating e-learning activities in learning study course

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper explores how Learning Study, a collaborative action research approach, can be integrated with eLearning activities to enhance personal knowledge management (PKM) competencies of pre-service teachers for effective instructional design and assessment for learning. PKM competencies are conceptualized as knowledge retrieving, organizing, analyzing and collaborative skills for effective learning. The study adopts Cheng’s (2011) PKM model to proposal a curriculum for developing teacher’s PKM skills through a teaching development project conducted in The Hong Kong Institute of Education. A Solomon four group quasi-experimental research design was adopted to collect data from pre and posttest of PKM measurement from the participants of the Learning Study course. All items were measured using a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Another professional study course is set as the control group. Lesson observation and qualitative interviews were conducted to evaluate the development of the pre-service teacher. The effectiveness of the e-learning activities, the use of PKM tools and the collaborative action research approach were evaluated. Results showed that integrating learning activities in the Learning Study course had impacts on the retrieving, organizing, analyzing skills for instructional design and student assessment. A set of learning activities for planning the PKM curriculum could be articulated from the result of this study. For example, access databases and websites for information retrieval; operate electronic tools for information integration to design lesson plans; use spreadsheet and statistical software for data and information analysis to assess student learning problems; use collaborative PKM tools to support both synchronous and asynchronous communication for the purpose of collective learning; and construct knowledge that is based on an appropriate understanding of the nature of data, sound inference, and an understanding of potentially meaningful relationships within a data set. To support the sustainable development of teachers as professionals in the knowledge society, teacher education institutions should integrate PKM tools, e-learning activities and collaborative action research into the pre-service teacher education curriculum. This could be of significant assistance to pre-service teachers in retrieving, organizing, analyzing and collaborating around information across all disciplines. If teacher education institutions really want to fully engage pre-service teachers with a professional and lifelong learning process, they should develop pre-service teachers’ PKM competency by making PKM tools available.
Reposicionamento coronal do retalho para recobrimento de recessões gengivais múltiplas utilizando matriz de colágeno tridimensional associada às proteínas derivadas da matriz do esmalte – série de casos

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Gingival recession is the generic term that means exposure of the teeth root surface. It can cause aesthetic problems, dentin hypersensitivity or even favor the appearance of root caries. Depending on the patients complaint, it can be treated in different ways, such as through direct resin restorations, root desensitization or even surgical root coverage. The latter can be obtained through coronal/lateral repositioning of the flap with or without a connective tissue graft. Currently, the removal of subepithelial connective tissue graft from the patients palate be replaced by 3D collagen matrices, generating satisfactory aesthetic results. The aim of this case series was to evaluate the evolution of root coverage treatment using the protocol for covering multiple gingival recessions with the association of soft tissue substitute and enamel matrix-derivative proteins. Seven systemic healthy adult patients complaining of root exposure sought at our clinic. Coronal flap repositioning associated with soft tissue substitute and enamel matrix-derivative proteins was proposed. All patients were treated with the same surgical technique. At the end of 30 months postoperatively, the patients self-reported satisfactory results, with root coverage close to 85% and total coverage in 50% of the treated teeth, with no complaints of pain, considerable edema and/or hemorrhage in the immediate postoperative period. This protocol used seems to obtain satisfactory results regarding aesthetic complaints or dentin hypersensitivity reported by patients at the beginning of treatment.
The bacteriology of perimandibular space infections.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The bacteriology of 21 perimandibular clised-space infections was studied prospectively using optimal bacteriological techniques to collect, transport, and process specimens. There was an average of six microbial species per specimen, including approximately four anaerobes and two aerobes. The predominant aerobes were alpha-hemolytic and non-hemolytic streptococci; the predominant anaerobes were peptostreptococci, Bacteroides melaninogenicus, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. These findings indicate that most perimandibular space infections involve a polymicrobial flora in which anaerobic bacteria are the dominant isolates. Antimicrobial decisions should account for these observations, particularly in cases where cultural data are not available or when anaerobic cultures are not performed with optimal techniques.
MCADAM: A continuous paleomagnetic dipole moment model for the past 3.5 billion years using the PINT v8.0.0 database&#160;

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

&lt;p&gt;Earth&amp;#8217;s magnetic field is a long-lived phenomenon generated by dynamo processes occurring in the liquid core. Understanding how the strength of the field changes in time and space is critical to gaining insight into processes in Earth&amp;#8217;s core and deep interior. The publication of field strength estimates represents a significant output of the paleomagnetic community, with efforts spanning several decades and dozens of research groups. Recently, the site-mean absolute paleointensity database PINT (www.pintdb.org; Bono et al., &lt;em&gt;GJI&lt;/em&gt;, 2022) received a major update to include data published up through 2019 and fully integrates the Quality of Paleointensity (Q&lt;sub&gt;PI&lt;/sub&gt;) assessments for 94% of the database. Interpreting the paleointensity record as a continuous record of Earth&amp;#8217;s field is challenging because of the non-uniformly spaced, often sparse, data records and the combination of natural variation of field strength due to secular variation and measurement uncertainty. Here, we have used the PINT database to construct a continuous paleomagnetic axial dipole moment model spanning 0.05 to 3500 Ma, MCADAM v1.0 (Monte Carlo Axial Dipole Average Model). The dipole moment model applies three resampling approaches: a non-parametric resampling (akin to a bootstrap) of site-mean records, a Monte Carlo simulation of site-mean estimates using age and paleointensity means and uncertainties, and LOWESS smoothing with an adaptative kernel width. These methods are combined to provide posterior predictions of axial dipole field strength and allow for estimation of the median field with confidence bounds. This approach can reproduce the recent (0-2 Ma) field that matches PADM2M (Ziegler et al., &lt;em&gt;GJI&lt;/em&gt;, 2011) as well as salient field intervals (e.g., high fields associated with superchrons) during the Phanerozoic. The model also reveals changes in field strength during the Precambrian which may be used to help constrain dynamo simulations and thermal evolution models of Earth&amp;#8217;s core.&lt;/p&gt;
Honeywell Enhancing Airplane State Awareness (EASA) Project: Final Report on Refinement and Evaluation of Candidate Solutions for Airplane System State Awareness

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The loss of pilot airplane state awareness (ASA) has been implicated as a factor in several aviation accidents identified by the Commercial Aviation Safety Team (CAST). These accidents were investigated to identify precursors to the loss of ASA and develop technologies to address the loss of ASA. Based on a gap analysis, two technologies were prototyped and assessed with a formative pilot-in-the-loop evaluation in NASA Langleys full-motion Research Flight Deck. The technologies address: 1) data source anomaly detection in real-time, and 2) intelligent monitoring aids to provide nominal and predictive awareness of situations to be monitored and a mission timeline to visualize events of interest. The evaluation results indicated favorable impressions of both technologies for mitigating the loss of ASA in terms of operational utility, workload, acceptability, complexity, and usability. The team concludes that there is a feasible retrofit solution for improving ASA that would minimize certification risk, integration costs, and training impact.\n\n\n\n
A Social Service Project, In The District Of Eskisehir: “The Recreation Park For The Children With Mental Disabilities”

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Eskisehir is the most important city for educating of disability cildren in TURKEY. The Project was developed in 2004 by cooperate with Military-Municipality-University and the local businessmen. Project leaders believe inclusive recreation will help disables children become more visible, integrated and active community members. The Project aim is entegration of handicapped family and a disability children. The Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Architectural Department designed to the Project and Anadolu University supported to the Project by technical guide for disability children. After The Municipality of Odunpazarı at Eskişehir is pointed out of the construction area, recreation project is began on March 2003. The recreaction park is located in Sumer district and near the Adnan Mendres Elementary School in Eskisehir. There are childrens playgrounds and labyrinth for fun, chess area and included art, theatre or dance area. Our Project are designed to assist children and their family in developing and using their leisure time in ways that enhance their health, well-being, and independence. Equal opportunities are provided for children with and without disabilities.
Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Stressors in Nursing Students Scale

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose: This study sought to translate the Stressors in Nursing Students Scale (SINS) into Korean (SINS-K) and verify its validity and reliability for identifying stressors of Korean nursing students.Methods: A methodological design was used. The SINS scale was translated into Korean and administered to 428 nursing students. The results of 213 students were used for exploratory factor analysis, and 215 responses were used for confirmatory factor analysis.Results: The SINS-K showed good internal consistency. The measurement items were consistent, and the independence between factors was maintained. After confirming convergent validity and discriminant validity, the final scale was completed with 33 items. The four factors extracted from the SINS-K were named “clinical practice”, “finance”, “education”, and “conflict”.Conclusion: Despite differences in culture and language between countries, the results of this study are similar to those of the original tool. The findings provide information for developing strategies to reduce stressors among nursing students in a global context.