jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Crystal structures of non-proteinogenic amino acid peroxosolvates: rare example of H-bonded hydrogen peroxide chains

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Novel peroxosolvates of the non-proteinogenic amino acids sarcosine C3H7NO2·H2O2 (1) and phenylserine C9H11NO3·H2O2 (2) were prepared and their structures were determined by X-ray crystallography.
Time trends in female sex worker HIV prevalence in Nairobi County, Kenya (2008-17)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The burden of HIV/AIDS has been shown to disproportionately affect certain geographical regions. Many of these hotspot regions are found within Sub-Saharan Africa. With the onset of the UNAIDS 90-90-90 treatment target to end the HIV/AIDS epidemic by the year 2030, focused research efforts are becoming even more important in the African region. It is vital to enhance treatment and prevention efforts to certain key populations, such as female sex workers (FSW), defined as women who trade sexual acts for money, due to the effect that they have on the spread on HIV to the general population. Studies have been previously undertaken to study this key demographic. In this study, long term baseline enrollment data has been collected from FSWs enrolled in Sex Worker Outreach Program (SWOP) clinics in Nairobi County, Kenya. A main finding of this study is that HIV prevalence among this cohort is decreasing by year of enrollment across all 7 SWOP clinics for all age groups. Enrollment data has been analyzed for time trends that have been previously found to affect HIV acquisition.
Bidirectional Associations Among Sensitive Parenting, Language Development, and Social Competence

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Rapid changes in language skills and social competence, both of which are linked to sensitive parenting, characterize early childhood. The present study examines bidirectional associations among mothers' sensitive parenting and children's language skills and social competence from 24 to 36 months in a community sample of 174 families. In addition, this study examines how these developmental pathways vary by child sex. Findings indicate stability across time in sensitive parenting, expressive language skills, and social competence, as well as positive main effects of sensitive parenting on expressive and receptive language skills for girls and boys. We find mixed evidence over time of reciprocal links between social competence and sensitive parenting. Further, boys' receptive language skills at 24 months uniquely contribute to increases in mothers' observed sensitive parenting from 24 to 36 months. These findings highlight the utility of applying transactional frameworks to the study of sex‐based differences in early developmental processes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on genetic diversity and its relation to heterosis in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Diversity is an important criterion in the selection of elite germplasm lines to develop highly heterotic F1 hybrids. The heterosis and diversity study was conducted on 28 F1 hybrids of brinjal derived from germplasm lines viz., IC-112995, IC-111305, IC-90952, IC-99704, IC-99663, IC-136210, IC-126784 and a local cultivar Manjri Gota at botany garden, UAS Dharwad during summer 2006. Fruit weight (g), number of fruits per plant and fruit yield (g) exhibited considerably high magnitude of heterosis. High heterosis for fruit yield was attributed to increased fruit weight and number of fruits per plant. Thirty six entries comprising 28 F1 hybrids and 8 parents were grouped in six clusters. Based on parental divergence, all 28 hybrids were grouped in 4 divergence classes. The combination of heterosis and diversity analysis indicated the high frequency of hybrids classified under DC2 and DC3 suggesting moderate genetic diversity is most desirable to produce highly heterotic hybrids.
Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (2016-2030): International Legal Dimension

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background/Objectives: In 2015 the international community adopted a new agenda for sustainable development for the period of 2016–2030- Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In the article, authors critically analyzed some of SDGs. Methods: The article used scientific methodological approach, which facilitates to determine the whole canvas of the research, identify the main aspects and concepts of the study. The research used scientific methods of cognition, i.e., dialectics, analysis, and synthesis, the method of generalization and system-structural method. The article also practiced special methods of science such as legal and technical, historical and forecasting methods. Findings: In this article, the authors critically analyze the SDGs with a view to determine problematic aspects of their implementation in the field of human rights protection, environmental protection, disaster risk reduction and management of migration and suggest ways to overcome these obstacles. Authors made many recommendations in these spheres. At the present stage, in the framework of global efforts aimed at the implementation of the SDGs, it is important to pay more attention to the mechanisms for monitoring the achievement of the goals. In this sense, a compliance review at the level of inter-regional, regional and sub-regional organizations can make a significant contribution and provide diversified, reliable and proven tools to assess progress in achieving the SDGs. Such reviews will identify regional trends, causes of problems, and similarities; they will facilitate the exchange of best practices, lessons learned and development of solutions and measures of mutual support at the global level, taking into account specific regional and sub-regional needs. Application/Improvements: The results could be used by UN bodies, inter-regional, regional and sub-regional organizations, ministers of States and other relevant stakeholders, which implements SDGs.Keywords: Disaster Risk Reduction, Environmental Protection, Human Rights Protection, International Law, International Legal Regulation of Migration, Sustainable Development
Too cold is better than too hot: Preferred temperatures and basking behaviour in a tropical freshwater turtle

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Thermoregulation is critical to the survival of animals. Tropical environments can be particularly thermally challenging as they reach very high, even lethal, temperatures. The thermoregulatory responses of tropical freshwater turtles to these challenges are poorly known. One common thermoregulatory behaviour is diurnal basking, which, for many species, facilitates heat gain. Recently, however, a north‐eastern Australian population of Krefft's river turtles ( Emydura macquarii krefftii ) has been observed basking nocturnally, possibly to allow cooling. To test this, we determined the thermal preference (central 50% of temperatures selected) of E. m. krefftii in an aquatic thermal gradient in the laboratory. We then conducted a manipulative experiment to test the effects of water temperatures, both lower and higher than preferred temperature, on diurnal and nocturnal basking. The preferred temperature range fell between 25.3°C (±SD: 1.5) and 27.6°C (±1.4) during the day, and 25.3°C (±2.4) and 26.8°C (±2.5) at night. Based on this, we exposed turtles to three 24 h water temperature treatments (‘cool’ [23°C], ‘preferred’ [26°C] and ‘warm’ [29°C]) while air temperature remained constant at 26°C. Turtles basked more frequently and for longer periods during both the day and night when water temperatures were above their preferred range (the ‘warm’ treatment). This population frequently encounters aquatic temperatures above the preferred thermal range, and our results support the hypothesis that nocturnal basking is a mechanism for escaping unfavourably warm water. Targeted field studies would be a valuable next step in understanding the seasonal scope of this behaviour in a natural environment.
Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques in iterative detectors: a novel approach based on Monte Carlo integration

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present a novel soft-in soft-out (SISO) detection scheme based on Markov-chain Monte-Carlo (MCMC) simulations. The proposed detector is applicable to both synchronous multiuser and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems. Unlike previous publications on the subject, we use Monte Carlo integration technique to arrive at the receiver structure. The proposed multiuser/MIMO detector is found to follow the Rao-Blackwell formulation and found to result in much more reliable systems than those reported so far in the literature. In particular, through computer simulations, we demonstrate that the proposed receiver can easily handle the cases of overloaded systems, i.e. when in a multiuser set-up the number of users is larger than the spreading gain, or when in a MIMO set-up there are more transmit antennas than receive antennas.
Isostola divisa

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Isostola divisa (Walker, 1854) Fig. 2 N Remarks. This species does not exhibit sexual dimorphism. The wing pattern suggests that these moths participate in mimicry rings with glasswing Ithomiini butterflies (Nymphalidae). The available information is restricted to the original description and its inclusion in faunal survey lists. While this species is commonly found in Central America and the Amazon biome, Ferro (2007) documented its presence in the Brazilian Cerrado. Material examined. 1 male, Costa Rica, Guapiles.
Site-specific response of a 5 MW offshore wind turbine for Gujarat Coast of India

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In India, the coastline of Gujarat is known to have a high potential for offshore wind energy. However, the region is highly seismically active with large magnitude earthquakes experienced in the past. The aim of the work is to investigate the site-specific response of an offshore wind turbine (OWT) for assessment of suitability of installation of OWT along the Gujarat coast. Seismic hazard analyses of 44 sites are performed using deterministic approach and response spectrum matched acceleration time histories at all these sites are obtained. Monopile for the wind turbine is designed considering a two-layered soil profile. As per specifications of National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), three-dimensional finite element model of 5 MW OWT along with the soil domain is developed in the software ABAQUS considering material nonlinearity. Earthquake time histories combined with wind and wave load are being employed for the analyses. It is observed that the sites lying between Kachchh and Saurashtra regions are most vulnerable whereas sites along the western coast of Saurashtra are found to be least vulnerable. Further, seismic fragility curves for the OWT are derived for different damage states in order to evaluate the probability of damage under various seismic scenarios.
Of Liberty and Necessity: the Freewill Debate in Eighteenth-Century British Philosophy ? James A. Harris

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Of Liberty and Necessity: the Freewill Debate in Eighteenth‐Century British Philosophy – James A. Harris Get access Of Liberty and Necessity: the Freewill Debate in Eighteenth‐Century British Philosophy. James A. Harris, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. Pp. viii + 264. Price £45.00.) P.J.E. Kail P.J.E. Kail Oxford University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 57, Issue 228, July 2007, Pages 484–487, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9213.2007.511_2.x Published: 05 June 2007
Task Profiling: A Task-Based Approach to Measuring the Integration of ICT in the Classroom

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The measurement of ICT (information and communication technology) integration is emerging as an area of research interest with such systems as Education Queensland including it in their recently released list of research priorities. Studies to trial differing integration measurement instruments have taken place within Australia in the last few years, particularly Western Australia (Trinidad, Clarkson, &amp; Newhouse, 2004; Trinidad, Newhouse &amp; Clarkson, 2005), Tasmania (Fitzallen 2005) and Queensland (Finger, Proctor, &amp; Watson, 2005). This paper will add to these investigations by describing an alternate and original methodological approach which was trialled in a small-scale pilot study conducted jointly by Queensland Catholic Education Commission (QCEC) and the Centre of Learning Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) in late 2005. The methodology described is based on tasks which, through a process of profiling, can be seen to be artefacts which embody the internal and external factors enabling and constraining ICT integration.
What Awful Smell?

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Although a rose by any other name might smell as sweet, two people smelling it might not experience that "sweetness" the same way. Different people differ markedly in their perceptions of particular odors: For example, some people think the testosterone derivative androstenone smells pleasantly floral, others think it smells like sweat or urine, and others don’t perceive its scent at all. Keller et al . expressed 335 putative human odorant receptors in a line of human cells that stably expresses accessory factors for odorant receptor expression and identified OR7D4 --which is expressed in nasal epithelium--as encoding the receptor most responsive to androstenone. Searching a SNP database for OR7D4 polymorphisms and sequencing the OR7D4 coding region of 391 individuals enabled the identification of the most common OR7D4 allele and a variant with two amino acid substitutions (R88W and T133M, leading to their respective designation as RT and WM). OR7D4 RT responded to androstenone and the related androstadienone (but not to 64 other odorants), whereas OR7D4 WM failed to respond to any odorants (including androstenone and androstadienone). People who were heterozygous for RT and WM or homozygous for WM were in general less sensitive to these two compounds than people who were homozygous for RT--and tended to have more positive perceptions of these odors. Statistical analysis implicated genetic polymorphisms in OR7D4 in differences in androstenone and androstadienone perception, although they did not fully account for such differences, indicating that odorant receptor function per se contributes to the subjective perception of odor. A. Keller, H. Zhuang, Q. Chi, L. B. Vosshall, H. Matsunami, Genetic variation in a human odorant receptor alters odour perception. Nature 449 , 468-472 (2007). [PubMed]
The Transfused Population of Canterbury, New Zealand, andIts Mortality

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

All 367 recipients and 1,385 donations transfused over a 40-day period were traced and compared by sex, age and discharge diagnosis with the 5,955 concurrent discharges from all general and obstetric hospitals in the area. 6% of discharged patients had been transfused. 21% of transfused patients were dead within 1 year, and at least 30% will die within 5 years. 228 donations of platelet concentrates were required for 7 recipients, 6 of whom died within 2 years. The mortality of blood recipients is overestimated if tracked from donors of multiple components.
Participation in Cocurricular Activities and the Development of Engineering Identity

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The retention of undergraduate students in engineering majors is essential to improving graduation rates and to ultimately ensuring the health and vitality of the engineering workforce. Engineering identity is a professional role identity that students typically develop during college, which is predictive of both educational and professional persistence. This study examined the relationship between participation in co-curricular activities and the development of engineering identity during the freshman year. Three surveys were administered to freshman students at a large southwestern engineering school prior to the start of fall semester and again at the end of fall and spring semesters. Results are based on responses from 1,200 freshman engineering students. In fall semester, 24 (2.0%) students engaged in research, 7 (0.6%) served as engineering student ambassadors, 6 (0.5%) were peer mentors, 10 (0.8%) engaged in internships, 300 (25.0%) participated in student organizations directly related to engineering, and 212 (17.7%) participated in student organizations outside engineering. In spring semester, 68 (5.7%) students were involved in research, 20 (1.7%) served as engineering student ambassadors, 10 (0.8%) were peer mentors, 32 (2.7%) engaged in internships, 394 (32.8%) participated in engineering student organizations, and 241 (20.1%) participated in student organizations outside engineering. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that, when controlling for students’ gender, age, ethnicity, and pre-entry engineering identity, engaging in internships in the fall was negatively associated with students’ engineering identity at the end of their freshman year (β = -1.00, p = .006) and participation in student organizations directly related to engineering in the spring was positively associated with engineering identity (β = .09, p = .044). No other activities were found to significantly relate to engineering identity at the end of fall or spring semesters. Findings demonstrate that the timing and type of co-curricular activity in which students engage differentially influence the development of engineering identity. The negative relationship between taking an internship in the fall and engineering identity suggests that participation in such an intensive co-curricular activity early in one’s academic career can be detrimental to the development of engineering identity. In contrast, the positive relationship between participation in engineering organizations in the spring of freshmen year and engineering identity suggests that one semester’s worth of experience in the major may be sufficient for certain types of extracurricular activities to benefit engineering identity. This work was supported by a National Science Foundation IUSE grant.
Children’s needs when facing the death of a parent from cancer: part two

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A small exploratory study was conducted to identify the psychosocial needs of children facing the death and subsequent bereavement of a parent from cancer. The focus was on the palliative phase of care through the bereavement period with the aim of identifying the best way forward in further developing a community-based service for children in Fife. Part one selectively reviewed the literature related to children’s and families’ needs when facing and dealing with the death of a parent, and described. Part two presents the results and reports the issues which will be considered as a basis for future service development.
A comparison study of remediation services offered to Latino students in the primary grades

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This comparative study was designed to assess the efficacy of Reading A-Z, an online reading program with differentiated reading levels from kindergarten to sixth grade, on first through third grade Latino students. Ten Virginia elementary schools in a single school district participated in this study of tutoring services offered to low-performing, Spanish-speaking students. Increases in individual instructional reading levels (IRL) and word recognition in isolation (WRI), as measured by Phonological Awareness Literacy Screening (PALS) assessment, were documented using pretest scores collected in fall 2007 with posttest scores collected in spring 2008. An independent t-test was used to determine if differences in the treatment and control groups occurred prior to the intervention being implemented. An independent t-test was also used to determine if differences in the posttest scores of the two groups were prevalent after the intervention. No significant differences were found, and a paired sample t-test was used to calculate increases in IRL and WRI of the 46 Latino students in this study. Results suggest that increases were recognized in both the treatment and control groups for IRL and WRI. The increase in scores using Reading A-Z was no greater than with normal and accepted forms of remediation.
Analysis of research findings offers value for money guidance to funders

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

A new study described by its authors as “the science of science” offers guidance to funding bodies faced with more grant applicants than they can support. Its conclusion, the authors say, will help funders make the best choices and the optimum use of their resources.

This multinational study, called Project Retrosight, examined the benefits that emerged from 29 cardiovascular and stroke research projects funded between 1989 and 1993. Some of these were clinical, others focused on basic research. It has identified the features of these projects associated with a high or a low payback.

Organised by Brunel University’s Health Economics …
Modeling the aging of protein condensates

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Protein condensates formed by liquid-liquid phase separation exhibit aging rheological properties and are considered under biological regulation and related to multiple diseases. In this work we provide a mesoscopic framework to describe the rheology of protein condensates. A phase transition from a nonaging phase to an aging phase occurs when the temperature is below a critical value. In the aging phase, we find that protein condensates behave as Maxwell fluids at all ages in the linear viscoelastic regime and the viscosities increase linearly over time. We also show that protein condensates are non-Newtonian fluids under a constant shear rate and the stress-strain curve exhibits a power-law scaling at large strain. Our theories are consistent with experimental observations and also make general predictions that are experimentally testable.
Diabetes Education Needs of Family Members Caring for American Indian Elders

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

PURPOSE this qualitative study investigated diabetes care management among family members of American Indian elders with self-care limitations. Focus groups were used to examine the reasons for and content of diabetes care management, the challenges faced, and the support services needed. METHODS Five focus groups were conducted with family caregivers from six tribes. Caregivers' responses related to care management were identified and categorized into themes. RESULTS Participants reported that they provided assistance with a wide range of diabetes care tasks (eg, skin and wound care, in-home dialysis) depending on the elder's level of impairment. Caregivers described three major challenges related to diabetes care management: (1) anxiety about in-home care, (2) coping with psychosocial issues, and (3) decision making and communication problems with other family members. They emphasized the importance of developing a care routine for successful diabetes management. CONCLUSIONS Based on these findings, we suggest areas where diabetes educators can assist American Indian family caregivers in meeting the needs of frail elders in the home.