jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of Ultrasonication on the Flotation of Talc

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The natural hydrophobicity of talc was depressed by the use of ultrasonic treatment during flotation. The recovery of the talc decreased by nearly 30% after 4 min of ultrasonic preconditioning. In addition, two talc depressants, namely, IMP4 and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), were compared during ultrasound treatment. The guar gum IMP4 showed a better depressant ability than the CMC. The effects of these depressants on talc were enhanced by ultrasonication, preferably by adding the depressants before ultrasonic treatment. Microtopographic studies by atomic force microscopy indicated that surface defects generated by ultrasound could serve as active sites for water adsorption, rendering the naturally hydrophobic talc hydrophilic. The enhanced formation of the hydrophilic magnesium and silicon hydroxyl species on talc surfaces slightly affected the natural hydrophobicity of talc in the presence of ultrasound as well.
Angelica’s Book and the World of Reading in Late Renaissance Italy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

tedious and hard to navigate (not to mention the 150+ pages of scholarly apparatus).As to the translation itself, it is smooth-reading and faithful to the original, though the decision to cite the travel journal and La Boétie's Servitude volontaire in outdated English versions-Waters 1903 instead of Frame 1958, Kurz 1942 instead of Schaefer 1998 or Atkinson 2011-seems inexplicably idiosyncratic.
The jet-wave rectifier: the experimental and theoretical basis of its design

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The subject of this paper is the jet-wave rectifier, a purely mechanical device which, in the course of the last 15 years, has been developed into a means for high-power rectification. Prototypes of the constituent parts of the apparatus have been described elsewhere; in the present paper it is shown how the rectifier can be designed on the basis of these prototypes, and especially on the result of investigations with regard to the theoretical relations between their qualities. These relations are stated and are used in working out examples of typical designs. In addition, a review of the general properties of the jet-wave rectifier, and anticipations with regard to its future development, are given. It is concluded that a new high-capacity rectifier, of a character quite distinct from that of the mercury-arc rectifier, but likely to be used for similar duties, has been brought into existence.
Formation Control for Lightweight UAVs Under Realistic Communications and Wind Conditions

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a formation flight controller for lightweight UAVs when flying in windy scenarios under realistic communication limitations. The susceptibility of light aircrafts to even moderate winds necessitates a controller that corrects for its effects. On the other hand, the lightness causes the wingtip vortices, which form an important concern for most works in this area, to be negligible. The parameters used in order to track the separation trajectory are cross track error, XTD, and along track distance, ATD. The lateral controller has a modified Dynamic Cell Structure for the outer loop control and a Non Linear Dynamic Inversion (NLDI) controller for the inner loop control. The aim of the lateral controller is to generate accurate aileron deflections such that precisely sufficient roll is produced to keep the follower UAV on track by maintaining XTD at zero. The longitudinal controller consists of a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller that controls throttle based on desired ground speed. Desired ground speed is computed using ATD and timing information obtained from the leader. Communication mechanisms have been proposed that will enable the controller to work well, despite packet latencies and possible link errors. Simulations are carried out by integrating two simulators: X-Plane 8.64 and Qualnet 4.5. Two separate X-Plane simulators (follower and leader) are interfaced via Qualnet, which simulates realistic wireless link characteristics. Results show that the proposed controller is capable of maintaining the follower within 10ft of the desired position at any point in time even with winds blowing at 30kts. The communication mechanism ensures good performance by the controller even with a 50% packet loss ratio, beyond which the probability of having more than 3 consecutive packet drops becomes high.
Risk Factors for Symptomatic Awareness of Breast Cancer Despite a Prior Negative Screening Mammogram

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: It is generally known that mammography screening improves survival and reduces mortality from breast cancer by detecting the disease at an early stage when treatment is more effective. Despite improvements in uptakes of mammography screening, however, not all breast cancers are detected by mammograms. Some women become aware of their breast cancer through symptoms. We conducted a population-based study of the risk factors for symptomatic awareness of breast cancer among women with primary in situ or invasive breast cancer. Patients were eligible if they self-reported having had a mammogram within two years prior to either the symptom or imaging that led to the diagnosis of breast cancer. Information on patient demographics, tumor and biological characteristics, and healthcare system characteristics were collected using computer-assisted interviews. The final sample for analysis was 737 patients.\n\nResults: Among women with a recent negative mammography screen, non-Hispanic (nH) blacks and Hispanics, younger women, women with negative estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) markers, and patients with dense breasts are more likely to report symptomatic detection than nH whites, older patients, women with one or both positive ER and PR markers, and patients with fatty breasts. Tumor and biological factors (i.e., hormone receptor status and histologic grade) and breast density are strongly associated with symptomatic detection. \n\nConclusion: Our results suggest that minorities are at risk for higher burden of disease due to late stage diagnosis (which is a consequence of the method of detection). Abnormal or suspicious mammograms in high-risk groups (e.g., being a minority, or having highly dense breasts, etc.) should warrant immediate and closer follow-up because of the likelihood of these cancers turning out to be symptomatic and consequently more advanced and aggressive. Monitoring detection patterns can serve as useful indicators of the efficacy of intervention programs designed to reduce mortality by early disease detection. Finally, although the impact was not statistically significant, improving the quality of the services available in facilities that predominantly serve minorities who come from relative disadvantage might also help alleviate the disparity.
Effects of Context on Processing Emotionally Neutral Abstract and Concrete Concepts

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The abstractness effect describes the phenomenon of individuals processing abstract concepts faster and more accurately than they process concrete concepts. In this study, we explored the effects of context on how 43 college students processed words, controlling for the emotional valence of the words. The participants performed a lexical decision task in which they were shown individual abstract and concrete words, or abstract and concrete words embedded in sentences. The results showed that in the word-context condition the participants' processing of concrete concepts improved, whereas in the sentence-context condition their processing of abstract concepts improved. These findings support the embodied cognition theory of concept processing.
Hierarchical Supramolecular Aggregation of Molecular Nanoparticles for Granular Materials with Ultra High‐Speed Impact‐Resistance

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The high‐speed impact‐resistanct materials are of great significance while their development is hindered by the intrinsic tradeoff between mechanical strength and energy dissipation capability. Herein, the new chemical system of molecular granular material (MGM) is developed for the design of impact‐resistant materials from the supramolecular complexation of sub‐nm molecular clusters (MCs) and hyper‐branched polyelectrolytes. Their hierarchical aggregation provides the origin of the decoupling of mechanical strengths and structural relaxation dynamics. The MCs’ intrinsic fast dynamics afford excellent high‐speed impact‐resistance, up to 5600 s −1 impact in a typical split‐Hopkinson pressure bar test while only tiny boundary cracks can be observed even under 7200 s −1 impact. The high loadings of MCs and their hierarchical aggregates provide high‐density sacrificial bonding for the effective dissipation of the impact energy, enabling the protection of fragile devices from the direct impact of over 200 m s −1 bullet. Moreover, the MGMs can be conveniently processed into protective coatings or films with promising recyclability due to the supramolecular interaction feature. The research not only reveals the unique relaxation dynamics and mechanical properties of MGMs in comparison with polymers and colloids, but also develops new chemical systems for the fabrication of high‐speed impact‐resistant materials.
Monitoring healthcare performance by analytic hierarchy process: a developing‐country perspective

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The formulation and solution of multi‐criteria healthcare decision problems is of critical importance to the health and socio‐economic betterment of developing countries. The study shows how the multi‐criteria decision‐making method could facilitate implementation of healthcare performance analysis, especially for the public healthcare system of Bangladesh, which operates mainly through thana health complexes (THCs). We include outreach services and rural facilities together with ongoing THC activities, and analyze their relative performance. The methodology uses a phase of the Delphi method and of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) approach. The outcome of Delphi is used as input for the hierarchical processing procedure in AHP and determines performance order of the healthcare activities. Results from AHP are discussed for implementation in decision‐making and the managerial policymaking process, towards improvement of overall healthcare performance.
Spin Trapping Investigation of Peroxide- and Isoniazid-Induced Radicals in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Catalase-Peroxidase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A new approach, the immuno-spin trapping assay, used a novel rabbit polyclonal anti-DMPO (5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide) antiserum to detect protein radical-derived DMPO nitrone adducts in the hemoprotein Mycobacterium tuberculosis catalase-peroxidase (KatG). This work demonstrates that the formation of protein nitrone adducts is dependent on the concentrations of tert-BuOOH and DMPO as shown by Western blotting and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We have also detected protein-protein cross-links formed during turnover of Mtb KatG driven by tert-butyl peroxide ( tert-BuOOH) or enzymatic generation of hydrogen peroxide. DMPO inhibits this dimerization due to its ability to trap the amino acid radicals responsible for the cross-linkage. Chemical modifications by tyrosine and tryptophan blockage suggest that tyrosine residues are one site of formation of the dimers. The presence of the tuberculosis drug isoniazid (INH) also prevented cross-linking as a result of its competition for the protein radical. Protein-DMPO nitrone adducts were also generated by a continuous flux of hydrogen peroxide. These findings demonstrated that the protein-based radicals were formed not only during Mtb KatG turnover with alkyl peroxides but also in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, the formation of protein-DMPO nitrone adducts was accelerated in the presence of isoniazid.
Microenvironment in metastasis: roadblocks and supportive niches

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In many cancers, malignant cells can spread from the primary tumor through blood circulation and initiate metastasis in secondary organs. Metastatic colonization may depend not only on inherent properties of cancer cells, but also on suitable microenvironments in distant sites. Increasing evidence suggests that the nature of the microenvironment may determine the fate of disseminated cancer cells, providing either hindrance or support for cancer cell propagation. This can result in strong selective pressure where the vast majority of cancer cells, invading a secondary organ, are either eliminated or maintained in a dormant state. The ability of cancer cells to fend off or circumvent anti-metastatic signals from the stroma and the capacity to manipulate the local microenvironment towards a supporting environment, a metastatic niche, may be essential for metastatic growth. The molecular interactions between cancer cells and the stroma are still enigmatic, but recent studies are beginning to reveal their nature. Here, we discuss the interactive relationship between metastatic cancer cells and host stroma, involving selection and adaptation of metastasis-initiating cells and host tissue remodeling. Understanding the dynamic and continuously evolving cross talk between metastatic cancer cells and the stroma may be crucial when developing cancer treatments.
IDDF2020-ABS-0058 48-week safety and efficacy of switching to tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in chronic HBV asian patients with TDF risk factors (RF)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

In a recent Phase 3 study (Study 4018) in HBV patients suppressed on TDF treatment, switching to TAF demonstrated non-inferior efficacy to continued TDF with superior bone and renal safety at Week 48. This study is to assess the safety and efficacy of switching to TAF from TDF in patients of Asian descent with risk factors for TDF toxicity as per current EASL and AASLD guidelines.

Methods

Virally suppressed patients (HBV DNA <20 IU/mL at screening) on TDF were randomized (1:1) to switch to TAF or continue TDF for 48 weeks in a double-blind fashion. Viral suppression and changes in bone (BMD by DXA) and renal (creatinine clearance [eGFRCG]) parameters were assessed over 48 weeks.

Results

Among the 400 Asian patients enrolled, 288 (72%) had at least 1 TDF RF. At Week 48, similar proportions with ≥1 RF had HBV-DNA <20IU/mL (TAF 97%; TDF 97%) and normal ALT by 2018 AASLD criteria (TAF 76%; TDF 73%). TAF subjects with ≥1 RF had increases in eGFRCGcompared to decreases on TDF [median (Q1, Q3) change; TAF: +2.6 (-2.01, 7.34); TDF: -2.7 (-7.56, +15.79); p<0.0001)]. Among patients with ≥1 RF, improvements were seen in BMD for TAF vs. continued declines in TDF patients at both spine (p<0.0001) and hip (p<0.0001).

Conclusions

Virally suppressed Asian patients with CHB and risk factors for TDF who switched to TAF showed improved bone and renal safety while efficacy was well-maintained.
MYRTUS: Multi-layer 360° dYnamic orchestration and interopeRable design environmenT for compute-continUum Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Started on January 2024, the MYRTUS Horizon Europe project aims at unlocking the new living dimension of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), embracing the principles of the TransContinuum Initiative, integrating edge, fog and cloud computing platforms. Orchestration mechanisms, programming languages, and tools need to be reinvented to master collaborative distributed and decentralised components. Additionally, components must be augmented with interface contracts covering both functional and non-functional properties. MYRTUS solutions play a crucial role in enabling sustainable computing and trustworthiness in CPS.
Mediation Analysis Results

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter provides a thorough examination of mediation analysis results within two key contexts: Government Services and Policy Consultation. It begins with an exploration of the complex mediation effects in the delivery and evaluation processes of government services, showing how various intermediary variables affect service effectiveness. The analysis then shifts to mediation within the policy consultation realm, highlighting how stakeholder engagement and feedback mechanisms act as critical mediators in policy formulation and implementation. Subsequent sections of this chapter explore the theoretical implications of the findings, offering new perspectives on mediation in public administration. The discussion highlights how these perspectives can transform understanding of policy development and public service delivery.
Production, characterization, and bio-ethanologenic potential of a novel tripartite raw starch-digesting amylase from Priestia flexa UCCM 00132

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The biological conversion of agro-waste biomass into value-added metabolites is one of the trendy biotechnological research areas in recent times. One of the major drawbacks of the bioprocess is the saccharification potential of the amylolytic enzyme that releases reducing sugar from complex biomass to serve as substrate for fermentation. The present study reports the production of a novel tripartite raw starch-digesting amylase (RSDA) by an indigenous Priestia flexa strain with α-, β-, and gluco-amylolytic activities and its potential for bioethanol production. Response surface statistics was employed to develop a suitable medium for improved production of the tripartite enzyme by submerged fermentation. The bioprocess selected raw starch (4.36%) Ca2+(2.71 g/L) and Zn2+ (0.0177 g/L) as significant variables which demonstrated a total RSDA activity of 7208.23 U/mL in a 5-L batch bioreactor. SDS/Native-PAGE determined the molecular weights of the 27-fold purified product as 25.2 kDa, 57.3 kDa, and 90.1 kDa for α-, β-, and gluco-amylases, respectively. Optimum temperature and pH for enzyme activity were respectively broad at 30–70 °C and 4–11. The enzyme mixture demonstrated digestibility above 90% against a variety of raw starches and simultaneous fermentation of digestate with Saccharomyces cerevisiae generated 71.69 g/L of bioethanol within 24 h suggesting great potential for bioethanologenesis.
First records of Badhamia ovispora (Physarales, Myxomycetes) in Russia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The rare myxomycete Badhamia ovispora was found for the first time in Russia from the Perm Territory and Moscow Region. Morphological features of specimens of this species were studied in detail using light and scanning electron microscopy. The main features are oblong-oval spores that are almost smooth in the light microscope and the triple peridium. It discusses the distinction of B. ovispora from closely related species such as B. goniospora, B. rhytidosperma, B. spinispora, B. verrucospora, Physarum apiculosporum, P. ovisporoides and P. ovisporum. Data on Badhamia ovispora findings in different regions of the world are given.
A mixed-effects, spatially varying coefficients model with application to multi-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging data

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Spatial resolution plays an important role in functional magnetic resonance imaging studies as the signal-to-noise ratio increases linearly with voxel volume. In scientific studies, where functional magnetic resonance imaging is widely used, the standard spatial resolution typically used is relatively low which ensures a relatively high signal-to-noise ratio. However, for pre-surgical functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis, where spatial accuracy is paramount, high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging may play an important role with its greater spatial resolution. High spatial resolution comes at the cost of a smaller signal-to-noise ratio. This begs the question as to whether we can leverage the higher signal-to-noise ratio of a standard functional magnetic resonance imaging study with the greater spatial accuracy of a high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging study in a pre-operative patient. To answer this question, we propose to regress the statistic image from a high resolution scan onto the statistic image obtained from a standard resolution scan using a mixed-effects model with spatially varying coefficients. We evaluate our model via simulation studies and we compare its performance with a recently proposed model that operates at a single spatial resolution. We apply and compare the two models on data from a patient awaiting tumor resection. Both simulation study results and the real data analysis demonstrate that our newly proposed model indeed leverages the larger signal-to-noise ratio of the standard spatial resolution scan while maintaining the advantages of the high spatial resolution scan.
Impact of Branding on Consumer Behaviour at Himalayan Java Coffee Shops in Kathmandu Valley

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The study examines how branding affects consumer behaviour of consumers visiting Himalayan Java Coffee Shops in Kathmandu Valley by assessing the mediating effect of consumer attitude in relation to the branding elements (brand image, brand loyalty, brand trust and brand experience). The cross-sectional data was purposefully collected from 208 respondents ranging from under 18 years to older people residing in the Kathmandu Valley and previously who are exposed to consumption of coffee. Primary data was analysed quantitatively by using SMART-PLS. The study findings indicated significant impact of the constructs – Brand Image, Brand Loyalty, Brand Trust and Brand Experience on consumer behaviour at Himalayan Java. Additionally, the structural model affirmed that consumer attitude would act as a mediator in the relationship between Brand Image, Brand Loyalty, Brand Trust and Brand Experience. By filling in empirical gaps and utilising Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), this study advances our knowledge of how Brand Image, Brand Loyalty, Brand Trust and Brand Experience impacts consumer behaviour especially in case of Himalayan Java. The study stresses the eminent role of branding that impacts the consumer behaviour with the potential to assist the managers of several service and manufacturing industries to consider various branding elements when reaching out to the customers.
[Ready-made crowns in the deciduous dentition].

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The following review of the literature on "prefabricated crowns for deciduous teeth" attempts to highlight the benefits and limitations of this treatment modality. The use of prefabricated crowns is indicated in the following situations: severe destruction of the clinical crown, deep approximal cavities, bilateral approximal cavities, circumferential caries, history of root canal treatment, and need for fixed space retention. Compared to amalgam restorations involving two or more surfaces, prefabricated crowns on deciduous molar teeth gave very high survival rates. They consist of a chromium-nickel-steel alloy and are reported to have an acceptable gingival tolerance profile. In contrast to the Anglo-American countries this treatment modality is quite uncommon in Germany. A probable reason for this reservation could be that many clinicians often fail to see the need for a filling in the deciduous dentition. Besides, many dentists are reluctant to use local anesthesia in children, which is inevitable in preparing and fitting a prefabricated crown. In the United States and UK dentists are less frequently confronted with this problem, as complex treatments are often carried out under nitrous oxide sedation or insufflation anesthesia. Modern filling materials have been introduced which have the potential to narrow the indications for prefabricated stainless steel crowns. Against this background, future studies are necessary to compare the survival rates of prefabricated crowns and modern filling materials.