jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Eliciting Opinions on Health Messaging During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Survey Study (Preprint)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND

Effective public health messaging has been necessary throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, but stakeholders have struggled to communicate critical information to the public, especially in different types of locations such as urban and rural areas.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to identify opportunities to improve COVID-19 messages for community distribution in rural and urban settings and to summarize the findings to inform future messaging.

METHODS

We purposively sampled by region (urban or rural) and participant type (general public or health care professional) to survey participants about their opinions on 4 COVID-19 health messages. We designed open-ended survey questions and analyzed the data using pragmatic health equity implementation science approaches. Following the qualitative analysis of the survey responses, we designed refined COVID-19 messages incorporating participant feedback and redistributed them via a short survey.

RESULTS

In total, 67 participants consented and enrolled: 31 (46%) community participants from the rural Southeast Missouri <i>Bootheel</i>, 27 (40%) community participants from urban St Louis, and 9 (13%) health care professionals from St Louis. Overall, we found no qualitative differences between the responses of our urban and rural samples to the open-ended questions. Participants across groups wanted familiar COVID-19 protocols, personal choice in COVID-19 preventive behaviors, and clear source information. Health care professionals contextualized their suggestions within the specific needs of their patients. All groups suggested practices consistent with health-literate communications. We reached 83% (54/65) of the participants for message redistribution, and most had overwhelmingly positive responses to the refined messages.

CONCLUSIONS

We suggest convenient methods for community involvement in the creation of health messages by using a brief web-based survey. We identified areas of improvement for future health messaging, such as reaffirming the preventive practices advertised early in a crisis, framing messages such that they allow for personal choice of preventive behavior, highlighting well-known source information, using plain language, and crafting messages that are applicable to the readers’ circumstances.
Synthesis, crystal structure and complexation behaviour of a thiacalix[4]arene bearing 1,2,3-triazole groups

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The structure and complexation behaviour of 1,3-alternate-1,2,3-triazole based on thiacalix[4]arene,1,3-alternate-1 and 2 have been determined by means of X-ray analysis, fluorescence and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The X-ray results suggested that the nitrogen atom N3 on triazole ring can act as hydrogen bond acceptors in the self-assembly of a supramolecular structure. The fluorescence spectra changes indicated that the thiacalix[4]arene bearing 1,2,3-triazole groups were highly selective for Ag + in comparison with other tested metal ions by enhancement of the monomer emission of pyrene. The 1H NMR results suggested that Ag + can be strongly bonded by the triazole groups with the cooperation of the ionophoric cavity formed by the two inverted benzene rings and the sulfur atoms of the thiacalix[4]arene. © 2011 Taylor & Francis.
Fluid-Structure Interaction analysis of the forces causing stent graft migration

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abdominal aortic aneurysm, a disorder involving a local dilatation of the ab- dominal aortic vessel, is a disease common among males in their late sixties and a major cause of death in case of rupture. An aneurysm can be treated with major open surgery or with minimally invasive techniques. One such treatment, called En- dovascular Aortic Repair (or EVAR), is the insertion of stent grafts redirecting the blood flow through a bifurcating tube consisting of a special fabric supported by a reinforcing metallic mesh. This procedure is preferrable in the sense that it does not require an open surgery. However, there are some problems arising from the fact that the stent graft is not fixated at its lower extremities. When subjected to a pulsating blood flow the bifurcating portions of stent graft may thus experience detachment from the vessel walls (commonly referred to as stent graft migration), leading to fatal blood leakage. The forces causing such detachments are therefore of great interest.\nThe development of numerical methods for Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) analyses provides possibilities to study the flow through a stent graft and the forces it exerts on the attachment regions. This report presents the results from FSI sim- ulations using the two softwares LS-DYNA and OpenFOAM. The scenarios studied in this work include a steady flow of water and a sinusoidal flow of water through a bent, flexible tube resembling one of the lower extremities of a stent graft. The dif- ferent softwares utilize different numerical approaches to formulate the FSI problem. LS-DYNA uses a Finite Element (FE) based Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) formulation, while OpenFOAM uses the Finite Volume (FV) method. In addition to the flow analysis and extraction of the forces, the use of the different softwares allows for a comparison between the two numerical approaches.\nFor both scenarios, the flow characteristics in the different softwares show fair cor- respondence and the extracted forces are of the same orders of magnitude. However, some previous studies, such as the work performed by Li and Kleinstreuer [1], point towards larger forces than those extracted in this work. These differenes are likely to originate from the differences in geometries, material properties and boundary conditions. Nonetheless, the results show good promise for continuation of similar studies in the future.
Amélioration des systèmes de production mixtes en Afrique soudano-sahélienne. Rôle de l'espèce Stylosanthes hamata (L.) Taub. (synthèse bibliographique)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Improvement of mixed farming systems in Sudano-Sahelian Africa. Role of the species Stylosanthes hamata (L.) Taub. A review. Introduction. In Sudano-Sahelian Africa, the traditional farming systems are no longer able to meet the food needs of the population. In order to sustainably improve the food security of small family farms, agro-ecological practices are increasingly being promoted by research and development organizations. Literature. Several studies have shown that agricultural productivity can be sustainably improved through a better integration of agriculture and livestock activities. One approach currently being considered is the integration into farming systems of Stylosanthes hamata (L.) Taub: a herbaceous annual to short-lived perennial. This plant has the proven potential to enhance the performance of cropping systems in many ways. It also allows for the critical production of a high quality fodder for animal feed, from the second year after planting onwards. However, phytosanitary, technical, environmental and / or socio-economic constraints would need to be lifted to allow a better integration of the crop into farming systems. Conclusions. Integration of S. hamata into the farming systems of the Sudano-Sahelian regions presents potential benefits that merit further investigation, in order to identify the appropriate modalities for this integration.
Alternative pharmacological treatment options for agitation in Alzheimer’s disease

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In patients with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) is a major concern in the management of these devastating diseases. Among NPS in AD, agitation and aggression are common with earlier institutionalization, increased morbidity and mortality, and greater caregiver burden. Pharmacological treatments for AD-related agitation, specifically off-label use of atypical antipsychotics, showed only modest improvements, with increased side-effect burden and risk of mortality. Non-pharmacological treatment approaches have become the preferred firstline option. However, when such treatments fail, pharmacological options are often used. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify effective and safe pharmacological treatments for agitation/aggression in AD and dementia. Unfortunately, progresses have been slow, with a small number of methodologically heterogeneous randomized controlled trials (RCTs), with disappointing results. However, evidence coming from recently completed RCTs on novel or repositioned drugs (mibampator, dextromethorphan/ quinidine, cannabinoids, and citalopram) showed some promise in treating agitation in AD, but still with safety concerns. Further evidence will come from ongoing Phase II and III trials on promising novel drugs for treating these distressing symptoms in patients with AD and dementia.
The Health Status of Pacific Children and Young People in New Zealand (2011)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The aim of this report is to provide an overview of the health status of Pacific children and young people in New Zealand, and to assist those working to improve Pacific child and youth health to utilise all of the available evidence when developing programmes and interventions to address the health needs of Pacific children and young people. \nEach of the indicators in this year’s report has been assigned to one of three main sections as follows: \n•\tIssues More Common in Infancy \n•\tIssues More Common in Children, or Common in both Children and Young People \n•\tIssues More Common in Young People
Evaluation of Rising Damp Using Infrared Thermography

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Moisture is one of the most deteriorating factors of buildings components. To avoid severe degradation, which affects the building durability, it is important to detect moisture in an earlier stage. Using non-destructive techniques (NDT) to detect moisture is very important, especially in buildings with some historical relevance, where more intrusive testing may not be acceptable. In this work it was analysed the applicability of infrared thermography, a NDT, to assess moisture in building walls caused by rising damp. Laboratory tests were carried out on a full-scale model, consisting on a limestone wall with about 2.00 x 1.80 x 0.20 m3, which was partially immersed in water. Thermograms were taken before the immersion started and during the absorption period of about 3 weeks. Simultaneously, a moisture detector was also used to evaluate qualitatively the moisture content of the wall. The comparison between the two testing methods showed a good agreement in the results and proved that infrared thermography can be very useful to detect moisture caused by rising damp in an earlier stage.
Structural requirements of salicylaldehyde benzoylhydrazones and their Cu(II) complexes for anticancer activity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Salicylaldehyde benzoylhydrazone (H 2 sb) has a variety of biological activities including anticancer activity. The Cu(II) complexes of H 2 sbs possess enhanced anticancer activity as compared with their free ligands. A quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) analysis was performed on a series of H 2 sb ligands and their corresponding Cu(II) complexes to capture the structural requirements that are responsible for the bioactivity. The predictive QSAR models were developed using statistical techniques such as multiple linear regression (MLR) and principal component regression analysis (PCRA). We used different combinations of various descriptors such as a physicochemical descriptor, electrotopological state atom (ETSA) indices, and descriptors derived from density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The DFT-derived descriptors used for QSAR analysis are HOMO and LUMO energies, atomic charges, chemical potential, and hardness. Our developed models showed the importance of the lipophilicity index (ClogP), ETSA indices, and atomic charges for anticancer activities of the H 2 sb analogs and their Cu(II) complexes. In addition, our MLR models revealed that, while the global lipophilicity index and hardness are important for anticancer activity of H 2 sb ligands, chemical potential and HOMO energy are important for the anticancer activity of Cu(II) complexes.
The S3 State of the Oxygen-Evolving Complex in Photosystem II Is Converted to the S2YZ• State at Alkaline pH,

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Here we report an EPR signal that is induced by a pH jump to alkaline pH in the S(3) state of the oxygen-evolving complex in photosystem II. The S(3) state is first formed with two flashes at pH 6. Thereafter, the pH is changed in the dark prior to freezing of the sample. The EPR signal is 90-100 G wide and centered around g = 2. The signal is reversibly induced with a pK = 8.5 +/- 0.3 and is very stable with a decay half-time of 5-6 min. If the pH is changed in the dark from pH 8.6 to 6.0, the signal disappears although the S(3) state remains. We propose that the signal arises from the interaction between the Mn cluster and Y(Z), resulting in the spin-coupled S(2)Y(Z)(*) signal. Our data suggest that the potential of the Y(Z)(*)/Y(Z) redox couple is sensitive to the ambient pH in the S(3) state. The alkaline pH decreases the potential of the Y(Z)(*)/Y(Z) couple so that Y(Z) can give back an electron to the S(3) state, thereby obtaining the S(2)Y(Z)(*) EPR signal. The tyrosine oxidation also involves proton release from Y(Z), and the results support a mechanism where this proton is released to the bulk medium presumably via a close-lying base. Thus, the equilibrium is changed from S(3)Y(Z) to S(2)Y(Z)(*) by the alkaline pH. At normal pH (pH 5.5-7), this equilibrium is set strongly to the S(3)Y(Z) state. The results are discussed in relation to the present models of water oxidation. Consequences for the relative redox potentials of Y(Z)(*)/Y(Z) and S(3)/S(2) at different pH values are discussed. We also compare the pH-induced S(2)Y(Z)(*) signal with the S(2)Y(Z)(*) signal from Ca(2+)-depleted photosystem II.
Effect of Adrenaline, Intravenously Administered, upon the Epinephrine Output from the Suprarenal Body

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

1. In narcotized cats and dogs, provided with the cava pocket, adrenaline hydrochloride was intravenously administered in a dose of 0.05-0.2 mgrm. per kilo of body weight. Adrenaline concentration of the arterial blood was exactly the same with the cava pocket blood taken simultaneously, if the preformative epinephrine output be taken into consideration. In some instances, especially in the bilaterally splanchnectomized animals the general vein blood contained a less quantity of adrenaline than the surplus of adrenaline due to the adrenaline injection in the corresponding cava pocket blood. 2. In the experimentation with the dogs, the suprarenal vein blood of which was collected without fastening, narcotizing or evoking pain and into which 0.05-0.3 mgrm. adrenaline hydrochloride per kilo of body weight was introduced, the adrenaline concentration was entirely the same for the suprarenal vein blood, the general vein blood as well as for the arterial blood, independently of whether the preliminary suprarenal vein blood sample contained some amount of adrenaline. In the later stage the adrenaline content of the arterial blood became distinctly less compared with the corresponding two other kinds of blood samples. 3. From the above epitomized data the following general conclusion is induced: Adrenaline not only does not increase the epinephrine discharge from the suprarenal capsule, but exercises a sedative influence upon the preformative epinephrine liberation, if it exists. Every particular event is explained in the text.
Caring for patients with opioid dependence.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Australian general practitioners have a pivotal role in helping their patients with problems of alcohol and tobacco dependence, but have been less likely than their peers in the United Kingdom to be involved in the management of opioid dependence. This is despite the fact that most GPs are seeing opioid dependent patients whether they know it or not, and that GPs are ideally placed to manage this problem given the other advantages of the general practice context--continuity, accessibility, and whole patient care, including the ability to address other health issues.
Basidia and Spores of the Nidulariaceae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SummaryThe basidia and spores of five species belonging to the Nidulariaceae, including three species of Cyathus, one of Nidularia and one of Crucibulum, have been studied. The spores of Cyathus are sessile; those of Nidularia and Crucibulum are borne on well-developed sterigmata. The spores of all species are separated from the basidia by the collapse and gelatinization of the latter accompanied by the gelatinization of the tissues lining the walls of the peridiole. After separation, the spores remain immersed in a gelatinous matrix in the interior of the peridiole, where they undergo further development, which may consist in nothing more than a thickening of the spore wall, or may involve a very considerable enlargement of the spore itself, amounting in the case of Cyathus stercoreus to 2600 per cent.A method of dissemination of the peridioles of Crucibulum is described.
Cardiac oxalosis: a rare cause of diastolic dysfunction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1. McDermott MM, Greenland P, Liu K, Guralnik JM, Celic L, Criqui MH, Chan C, Martin GJ, Schneider J, Pearce WH, Taylor LM, Clark E. The ankle brachial index is associated with leg function and physical activity: the Walking and Leg Circulation Study. Ann Intern Med 2002; 136:873–883. 2. Murabito JM, D’Agostino RB, Silbershatz H, Wilson WF. Intermittent claudication. A risk profile from The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 1997;96:44–49. 3. CAPRIE Steering Committee. A randomised, blinded trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). Lancet 1996;348:1329–1339. 4. Lamina C, Meisinger C, Heid IM, Lowel H, Ranter B, Koenig W, Kronenberg F, for the KORA Study Group. Association of ankle-brachial index and plaques in the carotid and femoral arteries with cardiovascular events and total mortality in a population-based study with 13 years of follow-up. Eur Heart J 2006;27:2580–2587. First published on September 4, 2006, doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehl228. 5. Diehm C, Lange S, Darius H, Pittrow D, von Stritzky B, Tepohl G, Haberl RL, Allenberg JR, Dasch B, Trampisch HJ. Association of low ankle brachial index with high mortality in primary care. Eur Heart J 2006;27:1743–1749. 6. Schroder F, Diehm N, Kareem S, Ames M, Pira A, Zwettler U, Lawall H, Diehm C. A modified calculation of ankle-brachial pressure index is far more sensitive in the detection of peripheral arterial disease. J Vasc Surg 2006;44:531–536.
Synchronization of Image Sequences - A Photogrammetric Method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The three-dimensional photogrammetric analysis of image sequences is a growing field of application. For the analysis of dynamic processes one important precondition has to be guaranteed: All cameras have to be synchronized, otherwise the results are affected by asynchronism. In this article a new method is presented, which can determine the asynchronism of an arbitrary number of image sequences. In contrast to already existing methods, in the new approach the asynchronism is modeled in object space and then converted into an interpolation function containing a set of unknowns for each camera. In this form the asynchronism is introduced into an extended bundle adjustment, in which the unknowns are solved simultaneously with the image orientation parameters and the object coordinates of tie points. Therefore, the approach has no restrictions with regard to the number and the set-up of the cameras in the acquisition network. Furthermore, both the temporal and spatial analysis step are carried out simultaneously. We have implemented the suggested method and have run a number of experiments in the context of vehicle impact testing. First, sequences with a frame rate of 1,000 Hz observing an object with a speed of up to 7 m/s and an asynchronism of 0.8 ms were analyzed. The accuracy of the object point determination could be improved by a factor of 10. Then, five sequences of a vehicle impact test with a speed of 15.6 m/s were investigated. Here, errors in the object coordinates of up to 30 mm could be eliminated using the new approach. Given the small tolerances in car development, this improvement in point accuracy is significant.
.ACLINICALCORRELATIONBETWEEN ENCEPHALOPATHY AND PAPILLOEDEMA INADDISON'SDISEASE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Thepossibility thatpapilloedema mayoccurin Addison's disease other thanasachance coincidence isnotwidely known.Ithasbeenpossible totrace twoaccounts, bothpublished since1950,where thishasbeennoted.Thisarticle provides an account ofa third, verysimilar, caseandalso reports gross cerebral oedemaintwoother patients withadrenal insufficiency. Ofthese twopatients, one had earlypapilloedema, and theadrenal failure wassecondary toa smallchromophobe adenomaofthepituitary gland.Fortheother patient theoedemawasa feature ofthepostmortemfindings, butthedeathwassosudden and unexpected thatthefundihadnotbeenexamined carefully. Indiscussing these patients apartofthe relevant literature issurveyed andsomefacts about theoccurrence ofcerebral oedemainAddison's disease willbeconsidered.
Brugada syndrome unmasked by fever and paradoxical lower degree of dromotropic disturbance in the right ventricular outflow tract

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an inherited clinical-electrocardiographic arrhythmic entity with an autosomal dominant genetic pattern of inheritance or de novo variant. The syndrome has low worldwide prevalence, but is endemic in Southeast Asian countries (Thailand, Philippines and Japan). The BrS is a subtle structural heart disease (SHD), and the diagnosis is only possible when the so-called type 1 Brugada ECG pattern is spontaneously present or induced for example with fever. Repolarization-depolarization disturbances in BrS patients can be caused by genetic mutations, abnormal neural crest cell migration, low expression of connexin-43 gap junction protein, or connexome disturbances. A recent autopsy study revealed increase in biventricular collagen with myocardial fibrosis when compared with control subjects although the main affected cardiac territory is the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). In this location, there is abnormally low expression of significant connexin-43 gap junction responsible for the electro-vectorcardiographic manifestations of terminal QRS conduction delay in the right standard precordial leads (V1-V2), high right precordial leads (V1H-V2H), as well as in the unipolar aVR lead (“the forgotten lead”). Based on their location, these leads reflect the electrical activity of the RVOT.