jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Gardnerella Vaginalis Associated Bacterial Vaginosis: A Review Article

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Gardnerella vaginalis is associated with bacterial vaginosis. Bacterial vaginosis (bacterial vaginosis = BV) is a clinical syndrome due to replacement of Lactobacillus spp. producing hydrogen peroxidase (H2O2) in normal vagina with high concentrations of anaerobic bacteria (eg Bacteroides spp., Mobiluncus spp.), this clinical syndrome also has other names, namely Haemophilus vaginalis vaginitis, nonspecific vaginitis or Gardnerella vaginalis vaginitis. Because the cause of BV is bacteria which are normal vaginal flora, BV is referred to as an endogenous infection in the female reproductive tract. Previous published research on BV has shown disagreements about transmission through sexual contact. Post-puberty women without sexual experience experience BV less frequently than those who have sexual experience. However, longitudinal cohort studies provide evidence that women who have new sexual partners or have multiple sexual partners have an increased incidence of BV.The likelihood that a woman has BV has a 20-fold increase in risk if her partner has BV. This raises the suggestion that it is possible that BV can be transmitted through sexual contact. However, there was no association between the incidence of BV with smoking habits, a history of abnormal Pap smears, menstruation, and menarche. Aim of this article is to review gardnerella vaginalis infection in bacterial vaginosis. Discussion: The presence of sexually transmitted diseases can also increase the risk of bacterial vaginosis. The normal vaginal ecosystem is a complex aspect. Lactobacillius is the dominant bacterial species (normal flora) in the vagina of women of childbearing age, but there are also other bacteria, namely aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. At the time BV appears, there is an overgrowth of some bacterial species which are normally present in low concentrations. Therefore, BV is categorized as an endogenous infection of the female reproductive tract.. Women with positive G. vaginalis cultures do not need routine therapy, unless they have BV symptomatically. All women with symptomatic BV require treatment, including pregnant women. Treatment of BV in pregnant women is to relieve signs and symptoms of vaginal infection, reduce the risk of infectious complications that accompany BV during pregnancy, and decrease other risk factors. Several studies using placebo have shown that treatment of sexual partners of women with BV does not improve clinical outcome of BV or decrease recurrence. Conclusion: BV has a favorable prognosis, and spontaneous improvement is reported in over one-third of cases. With the treatment of metronidazole and clindamycin gave a high cure rate (84 - 96%).Prevention needs to be done to minimize the actions that can be taken to prevent bacterial vaginosis.
Relational Psychophysics in Humans and Animals

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Relational Psychophysics in Humans and Animals offers a comprehensive and integrated overview of the often fragmented field of psychophysics. It introduces key concepts in psychophysics and clearly summarises and illustrates the central issues through telling examples. It combines empirical research and theoretical approaches from general psychophysics, animal psychophysics and human-infant psychophysics, to create a systematic comparison of these three key areas. Through out, Viktor Sarris makes a strong case for more comparative psychophysical research across different species and across different stages of development. He presents original research and examines frame-of-reference models, behavioural psychophysics, developmental psychophysics, perceptual-cognitive psychophysics and evolutionary perspectives, to create an integrated framework for the direction of new research. The book will be an invaluable aid for researchers in the fields of perception and psychophysics.
Binding Specificity of a Peptide on Semiconductor Surfaces

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Peptide adhesion on semiconductors is quantitatively investigated by atomic force microscopy. A selected 12-mer peptide is reproducibly found to adhere to various III−V and group-IV semiconductor surfaces in a substrate-specific way. The observed succession Al0.98Ga0.02As, Si, Ge, InP, GaP, GaAs in terms of increasing peptide adhesion coefficients is qualitatively explained by the substrate electronegativity and the acidity of the amino acid side chains. It is shown that peptide adhesion is strongly dependent on the amino acid sequence.
Experiments of the impact of casing on geomagnetic field

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Affected by magnetization of the geomagnetic field,ferromagnetic casing in oil wells can form a magnetic field that results in geomagnetic anomaly in the neighborhood of casing.Thus,the orientation of adjacent wells can be determined by analyzing this geomagnetic anomaly.Through simulation experiments of the abnormal geomagnetic environment caused by casing of three different well types,i.e.vertical,inclined and horizontal wells,researched the impact of casing on the geomagnetic field and summarized regulations of local geomagnetic anomalies.Experimental results show that when adjacent wells are inclined or horizontal ones,the local geomagnetic anomaly caused by them has a similar and wider regional distribution,and anomaly of magnetic tool-face declination caused by them is distributed alike,geomagnetic field is relatively abnormal in the northwest and southeast direction of the well,while anomaly of the magnetic tool-face declination is relatively obvious in the northeast and southwest direction.When the adjacent well is a vertical one,an abnormal region of geomagnetic field and magnetic tool-face declination is relatively smaller and shows a distributional pattern different from those of inclined and horizontal wells,namely in the north-south orientation geomagnetic field is relatively abnormal,while in the east-west orientation magnetic tool-face declination is relatively abnormal.Thus,the location of adjacent wells can be determined jointly according to the abnormal distribution of both the local geomagnetic field intensity and the magnetic tool-face declination.
Predictive Factors of the Fatality of Motor Vehicle Passengers Involved in Far-Side Lateral Collisions: A National Crash Database Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although the risks faced by passengers in near-side lateral collisions are understood, and despite the presence of side airbags for injury prevention, passengers involved in far-side lateral collisions also suffer serious and fatal injuries. The objective of this study was to determine the independent predictive factors of fatality of motor vehicle passengers involved in far-side lateral collisions. Using 2010 records from the National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System (NASS/CDS), we selected 86 fatal and 325 non-fatal passengers with an Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score of 2 or more. The background and injury severity of the passengers and collision characteristics were compared between the two groups. In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, variables independently associated with fatalities were female sex (Ref, male) (odds ratio [OR], 0.396), age (OR, 1.029), body mass index (OR, 1.057), total delta-V (OR, 1.031), head AIS score (OR, 1.679), chest AIS score (OR, 1.330), and abdomen AIS score (OR, 1.294). This is the first report to determine factors affecting fatality in passengers involved in far-side lateral collisions. Improving the safety of the vehicle interior, such as by including additional seatbelt systems or a side airbag that deploys between seats, might help to avoid fatalities, and reduce injury severity.
Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de pacientes com câncer em tratamento radioterápico

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: to evaluate the health-related quality of life of patients with head and neck cancer during radiotherapy treatment. \nIt was carried out with 41 patients between 2009-2010 in central radiotherapy. Methods: this is a longitudinal study. It was \nused the Functional Assessment Cancer Therapy Head and Neck. The predominance of cases were male, with a mean age of \n62 years. Results: in the 5 domains assessed, the one that was more affected was the “physical well-being”, which is directly \nrelated to the side effects of treatment. Conclusion: the symptoms caused by the treatment are negatively associated with \nthe Quality of Life Related to Health Care, so it is important that the health care team assess and identify the needs of the \npatient, allowing him to have a monitor that meets your needs and minimize symptoms.
Pass‐Through and the Prediction of Merger Price Effects

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We use Monte Carlo experiments to study how pass‐through can improve merger price predictions, focusing on the first order approximation (FOA) proposed in Jaffe and Weyl [ ]. FOA addresses the functional form misspecification that can exist in standard merger simulations. We find that the predictions of FOA are tightly distributed around the true price effects if pass‐through is precise, but that measurement error in pass‐through diminishes accuracy. As a comparison to FOA, we also study a methodology that uses pass‐through to select among functional forms for use in simulation. This alternative also increases accuracy relative to standard merger simulation and proves more robust to measurement error.
Advance Directives for Patients With Breast Cancer: Applying the Right Info/Right Care/Right Patient/Right Time Oncology Model

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background Advance directives (AD) are an important component of life care planning for patients undergoing treatment for cancer; however, there are few effective interventions to increase AD rates. In this quality improvement project, the authors integrated AD counseling into a novel right info/right care/right patient/right time (4R) sequence of care oncology delivery intervention for breast cancer patients in an integrated health care delivery system. Methods The authors studied two groups of patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer who attended a multidisciplinary clinic and underwent definitive surgery at a single facility. The usual care (UC) cohort (N = 139) received care from October 1, 2019 to September 30, 2020. The 4R cohort (N = 141) received care from October 1, 2020 to September 30, 2121 that included discussing AD completion with a health educator prior to surgery. The authors used bivariate analyses to assess whether the AD intervention increased AD completion rates and to identify factors influencing AD completion. Results The UC and 4R cohorts were similar in age, gender, race/ethnicity, interpreter need, Elixhauser comorbidity index, National Comprehensive Cancer Network distress score ≥ 5, surgery type, stage, histology, grade, and Estrogen receptor/Progesterone receptor/ human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ER/PR/HER2) status. AD completion rates prior to surgery were significantly higher for the 4R vs UC cohort (73.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI] [66.5%-81.0%] vs 15.1%, 95% CI [9.2%-21.1%], p < .01) and did not significantly differ by age, race, need for interpreter, or distress scores. Conclusion Incorporation of a health educator discussion into a 4R care sequence plan significantly increased rates of time-sensitive AD completion.
Incarceration and the Formation and Stability of Marital Unions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Rising imprisonment rates and declining marriage rates among low‐education African Americans motivate an analysis of the effects of incarceration on marriage. An event history analysis of 2,041 unmarried men from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth suggests that men are unlikely to marry in the years they serve in prison. A separate analysis of 2,762 married men shows that incarceration during marriage significantly increases the risk of divorce or separation. We simulate aggregate marriage rates using estimates from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and find that the prevalence of marriage would change little if incarceration rates were reduced.
Bringing Hidden Dimensions into View

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Warped Passages . Unraveling the Mysteries of the Universe's Hidden Dimensions / Unravelling the Universe's Hidden Dimensions. By Lisa Randall . Ecco, New York, 2005. 512 pp. $27.95, C$37.95. ISBN 0-06-053108-8. / Allen Lane, London. £25, C$40. ISBN 0-713-99699-4. A researcher known for her argument as to how extra dimensions could be large and still hidden discusses the possibilities of proving their existence and explores their implications.
Dynamics of Milk Material Fermentation with Whey Protein Hydrolysate

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Using the whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) in yogurt manufacture contributes to the development of a number of fermenting microorganisms and accelerates the fermentation process, which would ultimately reduce production costs and the overall cost of the product. The objective of the presented study was a comparative analysis of the fermentation processes in buttermilk and skimmed milk caused by starter microorganisms in the presence of WPH. The authors were looking to create a probiotic product with typical consumer characteristics. WPH hydrolysate with a high degree of hydrolysis (DH not less than 60%) was used as a functional food ingredient to improve the nutritional value of the product. Samples of skimmed milk and buttermilk without WPH were used for control. Standard physical and chemical methods for studying the composition and indicators of dairy raw materials were applied. The titrated and active acidity were analyzed by indicator and potentiometric methods respectively. The osmotic concentration was determined with using an osmometer-cryoscope. The synthesized lactate and the degree of acid formation increase have been calculated. Qualified experts have bee detected the organoleptic evaluation of raw materials in control and experimental samples. The processes of lactic acid fermentation of skimmed milk and buttermilk both containing from 1-3 wt% of WPH and monostrain and monospecies multistrain starter microorganisms were studied. The main attention in the study was paid to the organoleptic as well as physical and chemical parameters of fermented milk clots, the characteristics of fermentation processes, and the influence of WPH on the development of microorganisms have been revealed. WPH using in the studied types of milk materials helps to increase the protein content, raise the biological value, and ensure a normalized amount of starter microbiota including probiotic bacteria. So, it has been found that using skimmed milk or buttermilk with added WPH as a basic material in the starter, probiotic cultures should be used in combination with thermophilic lactic streptococci to develop a fermented milk product for dietary prophylactic purposes.
High-Resolution Melting and Real-Time Pcr for Quantification and Detection of Drug-Resistant HBV Mutants in a Single Amplicon

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Antiviral therapy by nucleoside/nucleotide analogues (NAs) effectively reduces HBV replication in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Because long-term NA treatments will eventually select for drug- resistant mutants, early detection of mutants and frequent monitoring of viral loads is crucial for successful NA therapy. Because no efficient test for one-tube quantification and qualification of various HBV-resistant mutants exists, we propose to use high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis in combination with real-time PCR to achieve this unmet need. Methods We developed a single amplicon for detecting HBV mutants resistant to lamivudine (LMV), adefovir (ADV) and entecavir (ETV), which are commonly used for CHB treatment. Our design consists of two steps: real-time PCR for viral quantification, and hybridization probe HRM analysis for detection of specific drug-resistant mutants. Results Assay quantification was accurate ( R=0.98) for viral loads from 10 3 to 10 9 copies/ml. HRM analysis produced distinct melting temperatures that clearly distinguished the mutants, rtM204V/I (LMV), rtA181V and rtN236T (ADV), and rtT184G and rtM250V (ETV), from their respective wild types. The assay detected mutants at only 10–25% of the HBV population. The clinical applicability of this assay was tested in a pilot study with serial samples from patients receiving LMV treatment. Conclusions Flexibility, speed and cost-efficiency are additional benefits unique to our assay. The clinical sample results further support the feasibility of applying our design to frequent and long-term monitoring of CHB patients receiving NA treatments in the clinical setting.
An Experimental Investigation On The Effect Of Laser Energy Deposition In An Over-Expanded Jet

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The shock train structure of a supersonic over-expanded jet is the product of the interaction between the jet flow at the nozzle exit and the ambient environment. Although the effect of flow disturbances on the performance of the supersonic inlets has been studied in detail, a limited understanding of the shock train dynamics subject to flow disturbances is available for over-expanded jets. This experimental investigation focuses on understanding the influence of perturbations due to short-duration energy deposition on the shock train structure and its dynamics in an axisymmetric over-expanded Mach 2.52 jet. The flow is perturbed by laser-induced breakdown, creating a shock wave and a high-temperature plasma zone in the shock train. A high-speed self-aligning focusing schlieren system is used to visualize the flow structure variations by measuring the shock angles and Mach disk height and width to characterize the shock train dynamics and the flow structure recovery process. The response of jet flow to the perturbation at the nozzle exit and the pre-reflection point is found to be similar, however, the response of the supersonic jet to the post-reflection energy deposition is significantly different. The damping ratio for the pre-reflection point and nozzle exit cases found are nearly constant for all scenarios whereas it is linearly dependent on the jet chamber pressure for the post-reflection cases. The frequency of the oscillations is found to be the same for all cases and irrespective of the chamber pressure, laser energy, and deposition location, approximately 10 kHz. The transition from Mach to regular reflection and vice versa are observed at a chamber pressure of Pc = 689 kPa. Any perturbation to the shock structure of a supersonic over-expanding jet at close to the steady-state bifurcation condition between Mach and regular reflection will exhibit Mach-to-regular transition or vice versa.
Yeast enhancement by mass mating and selective pressure for the integrated production process of first and second-generation ethanol

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Second-generation ethanol production is a worldwide applicable technology with the potential to replace fossil fuels and contribute to sustainability. The incorporation of second-generation ethanol production in Brazilian biorefineries, besides the technological advantages, adds to the abundance of feedstock derived from the sugar and alcohol industry itself. However, developing yeast strains that resist the inhibitory conditions of the new substrate, potentiated by cellular recycling, is extremely necessary. The aim of the present work was to develop yeast strains by hybridization and selective pressure techniques, with multi-tolerant profile for the fed-batch fermentation process using a mixture of molasses and bagasse hydrolysate as substrate. Therefore, the mass crossing technique was carried out involving five strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, previously selected, for demonstrating high tolerance to fermentation from mixed-must composed of lignocellulosic hydrolysate and sugarcane molasses. The culture resulting from the mass mating was followed by a selective pressure during 51 generations, generating enrichment of more tolerant strains. Employing microplate growth evaluation (optical density [DO] 600 nm), ten evolved isolates were selected, which were submitted to lab scale fermentation, simulating industrial conditions to the maximum. In the end, it was possible to highlight a lineage (C8E1-13T) presenting trehalose reserve content significantly higher than the other lineages evaluated, thus demonstrating the generation of an improved phenotype.
'You Never Truly Feel at Home': Students' Perceptions of their Multilingualism and its Role in their Identity Construction : - A Study Performed in a Suburb Located in a Socially Vulnerbale Area

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A relevant subject in our globalized world concerns the relationship between language and identity, specifically amongst migrant youngsters’ experience of group belonging. This study therefore focused on how adolescents born to foreign parents in Sweden, perceived their multilingualism as part of their identity formation. I also aimed to include how socio-economic aspects could affect the process of identity construction. Thus, the investigation was performed with seventh grade students at a primary school located in the Stockholm suburb Bredäng. The methods consisted of a questionnaire, which was completed by the entire class and a group interview where six students participated. The results revealed that students adapted their language use based on the context, but Swedish was used most habitually. The informants viewed their multilingualism as beneficial but yet fully aware of the linguistic ideologies functioning in society. By combining their minority and majority language, the students were left with different ethnic identities and had diverse interpretations of what it meant to be Swedish. Even though all of them perceived themselves to have multiple ethnic identities, this was not solely seen positively. The issue of belonging was raised and the students claimed to be outcasts everywhere. However, the results differed depending on whether the students were born in Sweden or not. Also, most of them struggled with the process of assumed and ascribed identities, since they perceived themselves to be Swedish but experienced that society valued them as immigrants. Lastly, the study revealed that there were connections between their multilingualism and social mobility as the relationship towards the motherland was highly prioritized even with low levels of economic capital.
The Memories of Millions

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In the 1980s acceptance of the reality and impact of child sexual abuse in the press and in society was high. Yet as more people started to accuse their alleged perpetrators, often family members, of sexual abuse during their childhood, a narrative began to develop in the early 1990s that memories of early sexual abuse could be false. This allowed the alleged perpetrator to become the victim and the person who was accusing them to be seen as acting on false and created memories of events that never occurred. This false memory narrative was fostered by the False Memory Syndrome Foundation and its $7.75M PR campaign along with the "lost in a mall" study (Loftus & Pickrell, 1995). The media ran with it, which changed societal perceptions about the reality and impact of childhood sexual abuse. Survivors were generally silenced with the idea that therapists were creating wholesale memories of clients being sexual abused in childhood by family members and others. This narrative meant that millions of adults molested as children could be told their accusations were and are false memories.