jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Costs of groundwater nitrate contamination

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Groundwater is an important source of drinking water nationwide. Nitrate contamination has economic impacts on well owners who choose to treat their water or find another source, and on state and local governments working to prevent contamination. To better understand these costs, we asked two questions: (1) Can we develop a statistically sound and low-cost method to provide a regional representation of nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in private drinking water wells? (2) What is the economic impact of nitrate contamination on well owners?
193-OR: Chronotherapy with the Glucokinase Activator AZD1656 Greatly Affects Its Ability to Improve Metabolism in Obese Zucker Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Circadian rhythms play critical roles in regulating metabolism, including daily feeding/fasting periods and oscillating expressions of certain genes. Glucokinase (Gck) , expressed in the liver and pancreas, is central for whole-body glucose homeostasis by acting as a glucose sensor and regulating metabolism according to prevailing glucose levels. Gck expression has also been shown to follow a circadian rhythm. Gck activators (GKAs) effectively reduce hyperglycemia, however, adverse events have also involved hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hepatic steatosis. Given the circadian rhythmicity and natural postprandial activation of Gck, we hypothesized that GKA treatment would benefit from being timed specifically during feeding periods. We compared the metabolic effects following differentially timed administrations of the GKA AZD1656 in the obese, insulin resistant Zucker rat. Four weeks of continuous treatment significantly improved glycemic control; however, hepatic steatosis and inflammation manifested. In contrast, a robust reduction in hepatic steatosis and inflammation on top of improved glycemia, was observed when AZD1656 administration was timed to feeding periods only. When AZD1656 was timed to fasting periods, detrimental metabolic effects were observed, including impaired glycemic control, severe liver steatosis and elevated inflammation. Mechanistically, timing AZD1656 administration to feeding periods was found to divert de novo lipogenesis-derived lipids away from hepatic storage towards VLDL synthesis and secretion, without affecting plasma triglyceride levels. In conclusion, intermittent AZD1656 dosing timed to feeding periods promotes glucose disposal when needed the most, while the daily drug holiday allows for maintained metabolic flexibility and avoids hepatic steatosis. Chronotherapeutic approaches should be considered for the development of GKAs and other drugs acting on metabolic targets. Disclosure T. Kroon: Employee; AstraZeneca. I. Alexandersson: Employee; AstraZeneca. A. Ferm: Employee; AstraZeneca. M. Petersson: Employee; AstraZeneca. S. Maurer: Employee; AstraZeneca, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. B. Zarrouki: Employee; AstraZeneca. K. Wallenius: Employee; AstraZeneca. N.D. Oakes: Employee; AstraZeneca. J. Boucher: Employee; AstraZeneca, Evotec International GmbH.
A phylogenetic study of the genus Tilletiopsis, Tilletiaria anomala and related taxa based on the small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences were determined in six species of the genus Tilletiopsis, in addition to Tilletiaria anomala. The phylogenetic trees were constructed for the species of the genus Tilletiopsis, in addition to T. anomala and related taxa by neighbor-joining and maximum likelihood methods. The phylogenetic trees showed that the basidiomycetous yeasts and related taxa were divided into three main clusters. Six species of the genus Tilletiopsis, in addition to T. anomala, constituted a cluster with Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili, Tilletia caries, Ustilago hordei and U. maydis (cluster 1). In cluster 1, Tilletiopsis species and T. anomala constituted a subcluster with S. paphiopedili and T. caries (cluster 1b). The reliability of cluster lb was statistically well supported. On the other hand, Sporobolomyces roseus, the type species of the genus Sporobolomyces, was located at cluster 2 together with Bensingtonia species, Erythrobasidium hasegawianum, Kondoa malvinella, Leucosporidium scottii, Rhodosporidium toruloides and Sporidiobolus johnsonii. This result clearly showed the phylogenetic divergence between the genera Tilletiopsis and Sporobolomyces; whereas the genera Tilletiopsis and Sporobolomyces have common chemotaxonomic characteristics, i.e., the lack of xylose in the cells and the possession of Q-10 as the major ubiquinone.
The Effect of Knowledge Management on Employee Innovation

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to analyze the effect of Knowledge Management on ASN Employee Innovation of the Ministry of Transportation. The number of samples in this study were 249 respondents using the slovin technique from all units in the Ministry of Transportation. Data was collected using questionnaires, observations and interviews with related parties. The data analysis technique used is the mix method with multiple linear regression analysis and indicator analysis. The results show that the Knowledge management variable partially has a positive effect on Employee Innovation at a significance level of 0.05 with a beta coefficient (?) 0.180 with the resulting regression equation is Y 108.581 0.180X 2 which means that every increase in one level of Knowledge Management will resulted in an increase in Employee Innovation of 0.180 at a constant of 108,581. Thus, knowledge management is predicted to increase employee innovation.
Sediment transport modelling: Determination of the main areas contributing to the suspended sediment load in the Mara River, Kenya

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The Mara River originates in Kenya in the Mau Escarpment and flows through the Serengeti ecosystem into Lake Victoria in Tanzania; in total it is about 395 km long. In this river, human interventions have led to increased of agricultural areas. As a result, increased fast runoff and top soil erosion is expected. Consequently, more sediments is expected to be transported to the river, thus polluting it. This research focuses on the modelling of the hydrology and soil loss from the catchment to locate the main sources of transported suspended sediment in the Mara River Basin. The suspended load in the river consists of coarse sediments in the river bed and fine sediments in the wash load originating from the top soil in the entire catchment. The main sources of the coarse sediments are assessed hydraulically whereas for the fine sediments a hydrological model is combined with an empirical sediment yield model. The main sources for the fine suspended sediments are the grasslands in the Sand and the crop lands in the Lower sub-catchment. The coarse sediments are found to originate from the river itself which has caused and still causes meandering.
Age-related changes in postural control in older women: transitional tasks in step initiation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background: Aging, being a natural process, involves many functional and structural changes within the body. Identifying the age-related postural changes will provide insight into the role of aging on postural control during locomotion. The aim of this study was to identify age-related postural changes during a transitional task under different conditions.Methods: Sixty healthy females divided into three age groups: A (50-60 y/o), B (60-70 y/o), and C (70-80 y/o). The transitional task was measured by two force platforms. The procedure consisted of three phases: quiet standing, transfer onto a second platform, and quiet standing on the second platform. Four different conditions were applied: unperturbed transfer, obstacle crossing, step-up, and step-down. Double-support time, transit time, and stability time before and after the step task were analyzed.Results: The transit time was longer by 30% for subjects over 70 y/o. The double-support time was longer by 11% among adults 60-70 y/o, while in people over 70 y/o it was longer by almost 50% compared to the 50-60 y/o subjects. The stability time before the transitional task was longer by 17% among adults over 60 y/o compared to middle-age subjects. The stability times before and after the transitional task were longer for adults in the 50-60 y/o category. Conclusion: The proposed procedure is adequate for assessing age-related changes in postural control while undergoing a transitional task. An analysis of the double-support time and stability time before and after the step task enabled the detection of early signs of balance changes in middle-age adults. Independent of age, the transitional task parameters changed with the increasing difficulty of the tasks.
Teachers' approaches to, and experiences with, world religions in the grade 8 social studies curriculum

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In 2006, Manitoba released a mandatory social studies curriculum for Grade 8 that included for the first time a section on world religions. It was released during a time when reasonable accommodation was being debated in various parts of Canada. This research explored the ways in which teachers in public schools in the city of Winnipeg dealt with teaching world religions within the climate of “reasonable accommodation” and charter challenges towards freedom of religion. Case study methodology with semi-structured interviews involving teachers included their experiences teaching about world religions. Results indicated teachers who teach about world religions require further information and feel there are personal, professional, and social factors that influence their ability to teach this subject as thoroughly as they would like. Implications for practice include: professional development in the area of world religions; resources for teachers; and government support.
Detecting Insufficient Effort Using the Seashore Rhythm and Speech-Sounds Perception Tests in Head Injury

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examined the capacity of the Seashore Rhythm Test (SRT) and the Speech-Sounds Perception Test (SSPT) to detect insufficient effort in a clinical sample. Forty-six participants with financially compensable mild head injury who obtained scores indicative of insufficient effort on multiple measures were compared to 49 participants with brain injury who were not involved in litigation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated that both the SRT (AUC = .84) and SSPT (AUC = .80) were significant (p < .001) predictors of insufficient effort. Maximizing sensitivity and specificity, the optimal cutoff scores were 8 errors on the SRT and 10 errors on the SSPT. Combining both variables into a logistic regression function increased the diagnostic efficiency.
Out Doors Inc – Outdoors for Better Mental Health

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Summary Out Doors Inc (ODI) is a Melbourne-based not-for-profit mental health organization that provides outdoor adventure and recreational programs for individuals with mental health conditions. ODI’s aim is to help participants build positive social connections and enhance their mental health by engaging in nature-based activities. This case study explores ODI’s program design philosophies and guiding principles, their risk management strategies and operations, and how outdoor practitioners adapt their practice to this work. Additionally, the writer shares her own insights and experiences from working for ODI and provides snapshot profiles and vignettes to illustrate the experience of the participants she has encountered in this work. ODI has agreed to be featured in this case study. The staff members showcased in this study have provided their consent for the usage of their names and comments. Additionally, all featured participants have been granted permission for their stories to be included. However, pseudonyms have been assigned to ensure their privacy. Information © The Author 2023
A Steroid-Type Antioxidant Targeting the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE\nSignaling Pathway from the Soft Coral <i>Dendronephthya gigantea</i>

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Four new steroids, named 7-dehydroerectasteroid\nF (<b>1</b>), 11α-acetoxyarmatinol A (<b>2</b>),\n22,23-didehydroarmatinol\nA (<b>3</b>), and 3-O-acetylhyrtiosterol (<b>4</b>), together\nwith 11 previously described analogues, were isolated from a South\nChina Sea collection of the soft coral <i>Dendronephthya gigantea</i>. The structures of the new steroids were elucidated by comprehensive\nspectroscopic analysis and by comparison with previously reported\ndata. Compound <b>1</b> showed potent protection against H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced oxidative damage in neuron-like PC12\ncells by promoting nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and enhancing the\nexpression of HO-1. <b>1</b> represents the first steroid-type\nantioxidant from marine organisms.
Using Low Oxygen Atmospheres to Control Two Insects pests Attacking Historic objects in Egypt

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The efficacy of controlled atmospheres of high nitrogen concentration (99.9%) and various carbon dioxide concentrations (25, 50,75and 99.9%) was investigated against adults and larvae of two insects attacking historic objects in Egypt, the black carpet beetle and the cigarette beetle. Also, the effect of temperature and exposures time on the mortality of insects was examined. Results revealed that the efficiency of CO2 and N2 gases was increased with increasing gas concentration, temperature and exposure time. Carbon dioxide gas was more toxic to both insects than nitrogen gas at the same conditions. Larvae of both species were more susceptible than adults to both gases.
Mathematical Foundation of Programming Semantics Conference.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : The Eleventh Annual Conference on the Mathematical Foundations of Programming Semantics, and featured invited addresses by six international researchers, two special sessions and twenty-four talks selected from papers submitted by researchers from all over the world. The conference attracted 77 participants from 9 countries, and the ONR grant helped provide support for the six invited speakers, for the participants in the special session, and for women and minority participants who participated in the meeting. The conference published its Proceedings as the first volume of the new series Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, which is published electronically on the World Wide Web using the facilities and under the auspices of Elsevier Science B.V. This Proceedings can be accessed via the URL: http://www.elsevier.nl/locate/entcs/volumel.html. A further Proceedings consisting of expanded, journal-length papers selected from the papers presented at the meeting is in preparation. This will appear on a special issue of the journal Theoretical Computer Science. The funding was used to support the invited speakers to the meeting, to help support participants in the two special sessions, and to underwrite general conference support costs including support of graduate students, women and members of minority groups.
Preoperative carbohydrate loading in the enhanced recovery pathway

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The enhanced recovery pathway is an evidence-based surgical care pathway that includes preoperative, perioperative and postoperative care and results in fewer complications and a shorter length of stay in hospital. There are a variety of elements associated with this pathway and one is the use of a preoperative carbohydrate-loading drink. The consumption of this drink, which is specifically designed to be safely consumed a few hours before surgery, is discussed with a review of the literature on the topic.
An expansile presentation of focal cemento-osseous dysplasia of the mandible in a young girl

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

A 6-year-old girl presented with a grossly expansive lesion of the left lower jaw. Radiological investigations revealed a large mixed radiolucent/radio-opaque lesion of the left mandible extending into the ramus. Correlation of biopsy and imaging results lead to the diagnosis of an expansile form of focal cemento-osseous dysplasia. Surgical enucleation was performed, and the patient remained free of recurrence after 6 months of follow-up. When dealing with fibro-osseous lesions of the jaw, correlation of radiological and pathological results is mandatory to make a correct diagnosis and avoid unnecessarily extensive surgery.
On the Early Steps of Cineol Biosynthesis in Eucalyptus globulus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Samples of [4-2H1]-1-deoxyxylulose (17a) and [2-13C, 4-2H1]-1-deoxyxylulose (17b), have been prepared by modification of known procedures and fed in aqueous solution to twiglets of Eucalyptus globulus. The probes of cineol (6) isolated from these experiments were analyzed by GC/MS, 2H- and 13C-NMR techniques. In the experiments with 17b, the formation of five isotopomers of 6 could be detected. Their structure and relative abundance demonstrate that the 13C-label is incorporated to the same extent into the two C5-units of 6, and that the 2H label is retained to an extent of 57% in the starter dimethylallyl-diphosphate unit (DMAPP; 12), but completely or almost completely lost in the unit derived from isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP; 11), in the elongation step which leads to geranyl diphosphate (GPP; 1). These results confirm that the recently discovered mevalonate-independent pathway to IPP and DMAPP is operative in the biosynthesis of cineol, and indicate, together with previous finding, that, within this pathway, formation of IPP and DMAPP occurs in independent rather than in sequential steps. In addition, the demonstration of different metabolic origins for the olefinic H-atoms of GPP (1), the aliphatic C10-precursor of 6, paves the way for a realistic interpretation of the strikingly consistent but hitherto unexplained anomalies detected in the natural-abundance 2H-NMR spectra of (+)- and (−)-α-pinene and of (+)-limonene.
Domestic and exotic materials in early medieval Norwegian towns

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A new generation of towns emerged in Norway in the late tenth to early eleventh centuries. During the Middle Ages the towns became local, regional or even superregional and international centres of administration, religion and trade. This chapter attempts to give a broadly based overview of early medieval Norwegian urban production, procurement and consumption of domestic and exotic materials. It is mainly based on archaeological sources. It is broad in the sense that it involves several types of production, raw materials and goods and applies a comparative perspective where most of the known early medieval Norwegian urban sites are included. For Scandinavia, written sources that concern urban production, consumption and procurement of materials and goods are rare and deal almost exclusively with periods after the early Middle Ages. Wood was the main resource used in the towns' non-monumental secular settlement and the towns' infrastructures – roads, passages, wells, harbour structures, etc. – were almost exclusively built in timber.
Negotiating presentism: toward a renewed understanding of historical change

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article gives a critical examination considering the descriptive potential, explanatory limitations, and recent productive problematization of presentism. For several decades, notions of presentist temporality have occupied the forefront of debates about the nature of historical time, challenging the modern dynamic future-oriented temporal imaginary and theorizing the reign of an overwhelming present that assimilates the past and the future within its expanding scope. According particular attention to distinct interpretations from the work of François Hartog, Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht, and Hartmut Rosa, the article considers the rise of memory culture and suspension of future-oriented momentum as crucial characteristics of the presentist perspective. Referencing recent interventions by Zoltán Boldizsár Simon, Dipesh Chakrabarty, and Helge Jordheim, however, the paper argues that momentous changes across technological and ecological domains necessitate conceptual innovation capable of exceeding presentism's static temporal economy.
Generators of the pro-p Iwahori and Galois representations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

For an odd prime [Formula: see text], we determine a minimal set of topological generators of the pro-[Formula: see text] Iwahori subgroup of a split reductive group [Formula: see text] over [Formula: see text]. In the simple adjoint case and for any sufficiently large regular prime [Formula: see text], we also construct Galois extensions of [Formula: see text] with Galois group between the pro-[Formula: see text] and the standard Iwahori subgroups of [Formula: see text].
Clinical outcomes of PTCA in chronic renal failure: a case-control study for comorbid features and evaluation of dialysis dependence.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We compared clinical outcomes following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) for 77 chronic renal failure (CRF) (dialysis and nondialysis) patients and a control group matched for history of myocardial revascularization, specific revascularization procedure, gender, age, diabetes, number of native vessels diseased, number of vessels dilated, and the specific vessel(s) dilated. CRF patients had a higher incidence of peripheral vascular disease, hypertension, and more complex PTCA target lesion types than controls: 5% vs. 16% Type A, 12% vs. 28% Type B1, 44% vs. 41% Type B2, 39% vs. 15% Type C (p < 0.001). The primary success rate for PTCA in CRF patients and controls was 89% and 97% (p < 0.05). Survival analysis 24 months following PTCA showed a lower composite cardiac event-free survival (angiographic restenosis, myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass surgery, and cardiac death) for those with CRF than controls, 54% vs. 69% (p = 0.002). Over the study period, 26 CRF patients died (11 from cardiac causes) compared to only 3 control patients (one from a cardiac cause); p < 0.001 for all cause and p < 0.003 for cardiac mortality. We also compared PTCA results between two categories of CRF patients. The first consisted of 49 end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on dialysis and the second included 28 patients not on dialysis (13 with creatinine > 2. 0 mg/dL and 15 with ESRD post-renal transplant). Both subgroups had similar coronary anatomy, including PTCA, target lesion type, and acute and long-term outcomes. In conclusion, we observed acceptable primary success and complication rates for PTCA in CRF patients compared with controls matched for comorbid features despite more complex target lesion morphology. Poorer long-term outcomes, however, were apparent for those with CRF regardless of dialysis dependence and likely relate to more extensive atherosclerosis and complex target coronary lesions at index PTCA as well as other features related to CRF.
Review: Paul, Luke and the Graeco-Roman World: Essays in Honour of Alexander J. M. Wedderburn

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Review: Paul, Luke and the Graeco-Roman World: Essays in Honour of Alexander J. M. Wedderburn Get access C. K. Barrett C. K. Barrett Durham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume 56, Issue 1, April 2005, Pages 168–170, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/fli022 Published: 01 April 2005