jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ankle Moment Estimation Based on A Novel Distributed Plantar Pressure Sensing System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Ankle moment plays an important role in human gait analysis, patients' rehabilitation process monitoring, and the human-machine interaction control of exoskeleton robots. However, current ankle moment estimation methods mainly rely on inverse dynamics (ID) based on optical motion capture system (OMC) and force plate. These methods rely on fixed instruments in the laboratory, which are difficult to be applied to the control of exoskeleton robots. To solve this problem, this paper developed a new distributed plantar pressure system and proposed an ankle plantar flexion moment estimation method using the plantar pressure system. We integrated eight pressure sensors in each insole to collect the pressure data of the key area of the foot and then used the plantar pressure data to train four neural networks to obtain the ankle moment. The performance of the models was evaluated using normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) and cross-correlation coefficient (ρ). During experiments, eight subjects were recruited for the overground walking tests, and OMC and force plate were used as the gold standard. The results indicate that the Genetic algorithm - Gated recurrent unit estimation algorithm (GA-GRU) was the best estimation model which achieved the highest accuracy in generalized ankle moment estimation (NRMSE = 7.23%, ρ = 0.85) compared with the other models. The designed novel distributed plantar pressure system and the proposed method could serve as a joint moment estimation approach in wearable robot control and human motion state monitoring.
Non-Chemical Methods for Controlling Seedborne Fungi in Carrot with Special Reference to Alternaria Radicina

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective of the work was to study the efficacy of carrot seed treatment with antagonistic microorganisms Clonostachys rosea, C. solani, and grapefruit extract (Biosept 33 SL TM ).Seeds were artificially inoculated with Alternaria radicina spores prior to treatment.The presence of fungi, seed germination and vigour were determined in laboratory tests, whereas seedling emergence and health were determined in sand and soil assays.Clonostachys spp.and grapefruit extract significantly reduced seed infestation with A. radicina and improved seed germination capacity.At a lower concentration of ioculum, treatment with Clonostachys spp.increased percentage of healthy plants in sand assay.At a higher concentration of inoculum, treatment with Biosept 33 SL TM at 0.5% was more effective.Inoculation with pathogen and, in most cases, the following treatments, did not affect total plant emergence in a soil assay.However, pathogen affected significantly a percentage of healthy plants.Treatment with Biosept 33 SL TM at 0.5% as well as with C. rosea increased their numbers significantly at both concentrations of inoculum.
Development of an airborne gamma-ray spectrometer based on a CZT detector

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An airborne survey system named the MARK-A1 was developed to be mounted on a commercial drone for the purpose of application in contaminated areas with high dose rate levels. The MARK-A1 system consists of a CZT detector, signal processing unit, and positioning and interface units to a PC on the ground. The weight of the system is below 1 kg for loading on a commercial drone. For experimental verification, irradiation testing and field testing were conducted. From the irradiation test, we derived the G-factor and dose rate calibration factor to calculate ambient dose rates from measured energy spectra with an applicable energy range. An airborne survey was then conducted to check the system performance at a height of about 1 m and 10 m. The ambient dose rate was successfully estimated from the calculation of the measured energy spectra and dose conversion factor. Finally, the results were compared with those from in situ gamma-ray spectrometry using a tripod at the same survey site. The difference between the two systems was below 20%, indicating a good performance of the MARK-A1. It is anticipated that the MARK-A1 can be used to quickly scan wide, highly contaminated areas that are difficult for humans to access in the event of a radiological accident.
Effect of particle size on flotation separation of hematite and quartz

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Generally, the flotation performance of mineral particles in a wide size range is usually poor, which can be attributed to the high reagent consumptions and low floatability differences between valuable and gangue minerals. Classification flotation is an effective method for improving the flotation efficiency of particles in a wide size range and is commonly used for coal slime. However, for refractory iron ores, the literature on the relative technology and basic theory of classification flotation, which are necessary and beneficial for the effective utilization of refractory iron ore resources, is scarce. In this study, flotation tests, DLVO theory calculations, and focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) particle size analysis were used to analyze the effect of particle size distribution on the flotation separation of hematite and quartz in the sodium oleate system. The flotation results of artificial mixtures show that the flotation performance of coarse or medium hematite–quartz mixture (such as CH&CQ and MH&CQ) with a narrow size range is better than that of the wide size range mixtures. The separation efficiency of CH&CQ and MH&CQ is 85.49% and 84.26%, respectively, which is higher than that of the wide size range mixtures (74.94%). However, the separation efficiency of fine hematite–quartz mixture with a narrow size range (FH&FQ) decreases to 54.98%. The flotation kinetic tests demonstrate that the flotation rate and recovery of hematite are not only related to the particle size of hematite but also influenced by the particle size of quartz. The fine quartz particles could reduce the hematite flotation rate and recovery. The DLVO theory calculations demonstrate that the interaction energies between hematite and quartz are repulsive, indicating that fine quartz particles scarcely cover the hematite surface to depress floatability, which is consistent with the FBRM results. The bubble–particle collision analysis indicates that the collision between hematite and bubbles might be influenced by the “boundary layer” effects of fine quartz particles, resulting in the decreased bubble–particle efficiency of collision and attachment, which may explain the decrease in hematite flotation rate and recovery.
Desinformación sobre las vacunas contra la Covid-19 a través de la red social Facebook

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The research aimed to identify the behavior of organizations promoting vaccine rejection through Facebook in the context of the Covid-19 vaccination campaign. To achieve the study’s purpose, the posts with the highest number of reactions on Facebook were observed and analyzed, as well as the content of these posts and the ways in which anti-vaccine organizations presented their messages on their fan pages. A digital social listening tool was used to analyze the data, providing information on the ranking of published messages, interactions reached, and sentiment assessments. The research found that anti-vaccine organizations used Facebook as one of the communication channels to disseminate messages that contradicted health measures, questioned the legality of vaccination, and opposed the use of masks. In other words, this social network served as a platform to spread messages that distorted the truth of the facts and encouraged various actions against vaccination campaigns. Therefore, during the Covid-19 pandemic, this social network became a crucial information medium for the population, but it was also the most used medium by anti-vaccine organizations to spread misinformation and generate negative emotions among users, ultimately eroding their trust.
A Research on Information Hiding Algorithm Based on Frequency Blocks of DCT Coefficients

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

There are two embedded methods of computer information hiding, the time-domain method and the frequency-domain method, and the time-domain method has a large amount of information hiding but poor robustness, while the frequency-domain method has a small amount of information hiding but strong resistance to attack. The DCT information hiding technique used in this paper is a common frequency-domain information hiding technique, which is widely used because of its strong robustness. In the process of information embedding, how to choose the embedding position of information determines the hiding amount and robustness of information. Based on the DCT domain information hiding technology and MATLAB 7.0 as the experimental platform, this paper carried out experiments on the low, medium and high frequency coefficients of the image DCT domain, proposed the strategy of how to select the information hiding location, and implemented the corresponding embedding and extraction algorithms. The experimental results showed that the algorithm in this paper had certain anti-aggression.
Cultivars soft wheat varietiesresistant to fusariose root rots

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The laboratory express test revealed 11 varieties from Russia (Margarita, Bazhenka, Moskovskaya 35, Amir, Ekada 70, Almata, Pamyat Yudin, Pamyati Leontyev, Chernozemouralskaya 2, Khutoryanka, Tobolskaya) and 4 foreign varieties Bonpain – France, Shen 68 -71 – China, BL 1530 – Nepal, Naxos – Germany) may be of some interest in breeding spring bread wheat to increase resistance to Fusarium root rot.
[Effect of Eleutherococcus on the functional status of the anticoagulation system in older animals].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Administration of Eleutherococcus to albino rats (18-20-month age) per os daily for 30 days activated the anticoagulating system and protected the animals from thrombogeneration induced with i.v. administration of tissue thromboplastine. The effect of the adaptogen was more obvious after 60-day treatment.
Justice at Last?: The Temporary Teachers Club and the Teaching Service (Married Women) Act 1956

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In 1956, the Victorian parliament passed the Teaching Service (Married Women) Act, removing the marriage bar in the Victorian Education Department. Introduced under the 1889 Public Service Amendment Act by liberal reformers with a profoundly gendered vision for the state, the marriage bar excluded married women from teaching, deeming them temporary 'outsiders'. During World War II, married women temporary teachers returned to teaching in considerable numbers. In 1955, their lobbying in the Victorian Teachers Union led to the formation of the Temporary Teachers Club (TTC) and the waging of a 'cooperative campaign' forcing the Department's hand on the matter of reinstatement, but at a cost: the denial of their superannuation entitlements. The TTC's campaign is not only an important and overlooked episode of feminist activism in an era renowned for conservatism; it is testament to the claim that women's achievements were hard won - a struggle, not a gift.
QSAR rationales for the PPARα/γ agonistic activity of 4,4-Dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline derivatives

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The PPARγ binding affinity and transactivation profiles for hPPARα and hPPARγ of tetrahydroquinoline derivatives have been quantitatively analyzed in terms of topological 0D-, 1D- and 2D-descriptors based on molecular graph theory. Statistically sound models have been obtained between the biological actions and various DRAGON descriptors through combinatorial protocol-multiple linear regression (CP-MLR) computational procedure. Amongst the large number of such derived models, the most significant ones have only been discussed to draw meaningful conclusions. From the statistically significant models, it appeared that the mode of actions of titled compounds were different for hPPARα and hPPARγ transactivation profiles and PPARγ binding affinity. Applicability domain analysis carried out for PPARγ binding affinity revealed that the suggested model matches the high quality parameters with good fitting power and the capability of assessing external data and all of the compounds was within the applicability domain of the proposed model and were evaluated correctly.
Dangerous misperceptions with consequences: survival of Eastern cottontails on restored grasslands surrounded by agriculture

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Habitat loss and degradation is a main threat to biodiversity, and the expansion of intensive agricultural practices has negatively affected wildlife populations worldwide. To counteract these effects, large-scale restoration programs have been developed. In the Midwestern United States, where tallgrass prairies have been reduced by >99%, the Conservation Reserve Program has created patches of grassland habitat within a larger matrix dominated by agricultural fields that are temporally dynamic due to planting and harvesting of crops. The effects of the surrounding landscape on restoration success of wildlife species is largely unknown. My main objective was to examine how landscape processes interact with real and perceived predation risk to affect survival of a key herbivore and important prey species, the eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus), in restored grassland habitats and the surrounding agricultural matrix. From June 2014 through June 2016, I radio-collared 95 cottontails and tracked their movements until the transmitter failed or mortality occurred. I then constructed known-fate models in program MARK to identify factors that affected survival rates. I also conducted giving-up density (GUD) experiments in grasslands and adjacent agricultural fields to determine if there were differences in perceived predation risk. As expected, survival of cottontails was higher when they used restored grasslands relative to when they used surrounding habitats. Contrary to my prediction, however, cottontails did not accurately perceive predation risk as they perceived agricultural fields to be safer than grasslands. This mismatch could be due to their emphasis on protecting themselves from avian predation rather than mammalian predation. However, mammals were the main predators in this system, predominately coyotes (Canis latrans). My study demonstrates how adjacency of restoration sites to other landscape elements can produce unintended consequences and highlights the complexities of achieving restoration in a highly altered landscape.
Learning to Generate Semantic Layouts for Higher Text-Image Correspondence in Text-to-Image Synthesis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Existing text-to-image generation approaches have set high standards for photorealism and text-image correspondence, largely benefiting from web-scale text-image datasets, which can include up to 5~billion pairs. However, text-to-image generation models trained on domain-specific datasets, such as urban scenes, medical images, and faces, still suffer from low text-image correspondence due to the lack of text-image pairs. Additionally, collecting billions of text-image pairs for a specific domain can be time-consuming and costly. Thus, ensuring high text-image correspondence without relying on web-scale text-image datasets remains a challenging task. In this paper, we present a novel approach for enhancing text-image correspondence by leveraging available semantic layouts. Specifically, we propose a Gaussian-categorical diffusion process that simultaneously generates both images and corresponding layout pairs. Our experiments reveal that we can guide text-to-image generation models to be aware of the semantics of different image regions, by training the model to generate semantic labels for each pixel. We demonstrate that our approach achieves higher text-image correspondence compared to existing text-to-image generation approaches in the Multi-Modal CelebA-HQ and the Cityscapes dataset, where text-image pairs are scarce. Codes are available in this https://pmh9960.github.io/research/GCDP
Time Series Data Mining Algorithms Towards Scalable and Real-Time Behavior Monitoring

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, there have been unprecedented technological advances in sensor technology, and sensors have become more affordable than ever. Thus, sensor-driven data collection is increasingly becoming an attractive and practical option for researchers around the globe. Such data is typically extracted in the form of time series data, which can be investigated with data mining techniques to summarize behaviors of a range of subjects including humans and animals. While enabling cheap and mass collection of data, continuous sensor data recording results in datasets which are big in size and volume, which are challenging to process and analyze with traditional techniques in a timely manner. Such collected sensor data is typically extracted in the form of time series data. There are two main approaches in the literature, namely, shape-based classification and feature-based classification. Shape-based classification determines the best class according to a distance measure. Feature-based classification, on the other hand, measures properties of the time series and finds the best class according to the set of features defined for the time series. In this dissertation, we demonstrate that neither of the two techniques will dominate for some problems, but that some combination of both might be the best. In other words, on a single problem, it might be possible that one of the techniques is better for one subset of the behaviors, and the other technique is better for another subset of behaviors. We introduce a hybrid algorithm to classify behaviors, using both shape and feature measures, in weakly labeled time series data collected from sensors to quantify specific behaviors performed by the subject. We demonstrate that our algorithm can robustly classify real, noisy, and complex datasets, based on a combination of shape and features, and tested our proposed algorithm on real-world datasets.
INSTITUTIONAL CHANGES IN THE ECONOMY OF THE FAR EAST: IMITATION OF A NEW STAGE

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The manifestations and consequences of the search for new impulses of the socio-economic development of the Russian Far East, confirming the invariability of the course towards the creation of new development institutions have been considered. The management decisions made in terms of their economic efficiency and implementation prospects have been evaluated. The actions of the transfer of the «capital» of the Far East from Khabarovsk to Vladivostok, the development of a national program for the development of the Far East until 2025 and for the future until 2035, as well as the expansion of the Far Eastern Federal District through the annexation of the Trans-Baikal Territory and the Republic of Buryatia, have been considered in detail.
(Study on Stomach Contents of Opudi Fish (Telmatherina celebensis) in Towuti Lake, South Sulawesi)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

<p>Study on food habits of opudi fish (<em>T. celebensis</em>) was conducted in Towuti Lake, South Sulawesi, from October 2002 to April 2003. The objective of this study was to investigate food habits of the fish. Samples were collected by using experimental gill net, mesh size 0,75; 1; 1,25 and 1,5 inches. The fish (N=273) was consisted of 141 males and 132 females, varied in total body length (55.8-94.7 mm). Stomach content was analyzed using Index of preponderance. Stomach contents of the fish was consisted of 4 kinds of foods such as insect, part of organism, debris and zooplankton. Main food of the fish was insect (IP 51.22% for male, 43.26% for female, suplement food was part of insect (IP 26.99% for male, 30.27% for female) and debris (IP 14.06% for male, 15.83% for female), while additional food was zooplankton consisted of <em>Closterium</em> (IP 2.93% for male, 4.62% for female), <em>Pinnularia</em> (IP1.79% for male, IP 1.39% for female), <em>Navicula</em> (IP 1.19%, for male, 1.41% for female) and <em>Nitzschia</em> (IP 0.74% for male, 1.08% for female). Food kind between male and female fish was similar.</p> <p>Keywords : Stomach contents, opudi fish (<em>T.celebensis</em>), Towuti Lake.</p> <p> </p> <p>ABSTRAK</p> <p>Penelitian makanan ikan opudi (<em>T.celebensis</em>) dilakukan di Danau Towuti, Sulawesi Selatan pada bulan Oktober 2002-April 2003. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui isi lambung ikan opudi. Ikan contoh diambil dengan <em>experimental gill</em> net dengan ukuran mata jaring 0,75; 1; 1,25 dan 1,5 inchi. Ikan yang tertangkap (N=273) terdiri atas Jantan (141) dan betina (132), yang memiliki variasi ukuran panjang tubuh (55,8-94,7 mm). Isi lambung dianalisis dengan menggunakan <em>Index of preponderance </em>(IP). Isi lambung terdiri dari 4 jenis makanan yaitu insekta, potongan tubuh insekta, serasah dan zooplankton. Makanan utama ikan opudi adalah insekta (IP 51,22% untuk jantan, 43,26% untuk betina), makanan pelengkap adalah potongan insekta (IP 26,99% untuk jantan, 30,27% untuk betina) dan serasah (IP 14,06% untuk jantan, 15,83% untuk betina), sedangkan makanan tambahan berupa zooplankton yang terdiri atas<em> Closterium</em> (2,93% untuk jantan, 4,62% untuk betina), <em>Pinnularia</em> (1,79% untuk jantan, 1,39% untuk betina), <em>Navicula</em> (1,19% untuk jantan, 1,41% untuk betina) and <em>Nitzschia</em> (0,74% untuk jantan, 1,08% untuk betina). Berdasarkan indeks similaritas, jenis makanan untuk ikan jantan dan ikan betina adalah mirip.</p> <p>Kata kunci : Isi lambung, ikan opudi (<em>T.celebensis</em>), Danau Towuti.</p>
Synchronous in-field application of life-detection techniques in Icelandic Mars analogue sites

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Field expeditions that simulate the operations of robotic planetary exploration missions at analogue sites on Earth can help establish best practices and are therefore a positive contribution to the planetary exploration community. There are many sites in Iceland that possess heritage as planetary exploration analogue locations and whose environmental extremes make them suitable for simulating scientific sampling and robotic operations. \n \nWe conducted a planetary exploration analogue mission at two recent lava fields in Iceland, Fimmvörðuháls (2010) and Eldfell (1973), using a specially developed field laboratory. We tested the utility of in-field site sampling down selection and tiered analysis operational capabilities with three life detection and characterization techniques: fluorescence microscopy (FM), adenine-triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence assay, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay. The study made use of multiple cycles of sample collection at multiple distance scales and field laboratory analysis using the synchronous life-detection techniques to heuristically develop the continuing sampling and analysis strategy during the expedition. \n \nHere we report the operational lessons learned and provide brief summaries of scientific data. The full scientific data report will follow separately. We found that rapid in-field analysis to determine subsequent sampling decisions is operationally feasible, and that the chosen life detection and characterization techniques are suitable for a terrestrial life-detection field mission. \n \nIn-field analysis enables the rapid obtainment of scientific data and thus facilitates the collection of the most scientifically relevant samples within a single field expedition, without the need for sample relocation to external laboratories. The operational lessons learned in this study could be applied to future terrestrial field expeditions employing other analytical techniques and to future robotic planetary exploration missions.