jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
PARASITES OF THE DALL'S PORPOISE (PHOCOENOIDES DALLI TRUE)

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The prevalences of three helminths, Campula oblonga, Halocercus dalli and Crassicauda sp., recovered from Dall's porpoises which were net-entrapped incidentally in the vicinity of the Western Aleutian Islands in the northwest Pacific are reported. Specimens of Campula oblonga were found within the bile ducts of 46% of 127 livers examined. The prevalence of hepatic trematodiasis increased with the age of the host. Pulmonary nodules associated with Halocercus dalli were noted in 71% of the Dall's porpoises. Adult H. dalli were recovered from the main stem bronchi of heavily infected lungs. Younger animals exhibited a relatively higher prevalence. Specimens of Crassicauda sp. were found within the main lactiferous canal of 69% of 29 mammary glands examined. The prevalence was highest in mature porpoises. Possible detrimental effects and the modes of transmission of the three species of parasites are also considered.
Referral source and process of assessment: A comparative analysis of assessments for compulsory admission under The Mental Health Act, 1983

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Approved social workers (ASWs) receive referrals from a wide variety of sources, and the sources may place quite different demands on them. There has, however, been no research on the relationship between referral source, process of assessment and outcome. This study compares referrals for compulsory admission under the Mental Health Act, 1983, divided into three different sources: informal network, agency and medical. There were major differences between these different groups, which were widest between agency and medical referrals. Agency referrals were characterised by vaguer requests, imprecise indications of mental health state in the referral, and were considerably more socially deprived and less socially integrated than other groups. Medical referrals were least socially deprived and had a higher proportion of women and those with children. Surprisingly, the doctors were least accurate in selecting those requiring compulsory admission. The study concludes that the characteristics of medical referrals were consistent with what Sheppard (1990) has identified as a ‘mental health orientation’, with traditional role stereotypes applied to women. The concept of ‘social insecurity’ by contrast, was most significant in understanding agency referrals. ASWs showed flexibility in their assessments, and the study demonstrates the significance of social factors in the process of assessment, and the need for wide skills in psychosocial assessment.
Association analysis for feed efficiency traits in beef cattle using preserved haplotypes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study reports a genome wide scan for chromosome regions and their haplotypes that significantly associated with average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), and residual feed intake (RFI) in beef cattle. The study used data from 597 Angus, 450 Charolais, and 616 crossbred beef cattle, and the Illumina Bovine SNP50 beadchip. Extended haplotype homozygosity was used to identify chromosome regions that had been recently selected for in the three groups of animals. Such regions in the crossbreds were tested for association with ADG, DMI, and RFI. At false discovery rates of 5% and 10%, there were six and eight chromosome regions showing significant associations with the traits, respectively. At nominal significance levels (at least P < 0.05), 23 regions with a total number of 31 haplotypes were found significantly associated with at least one of the three traits. The proportion of phenotypic variance explained by these 23 regions varied depending on the trait; the highest proportion for ADG, DMI, and RFI was 13.50%, 9.92%, and 2.64%, respectively. Most of the haplotypes affected single traits, except for GAA (BTA4), GCG (BTA7), and TAGT (BTA12) that affected multiple traits. Thirty-six quantitative trait loci for 16 production traits, from the current literature, covered fully or in part the 23 chromosome regions. The findings from this study might be an important contribution to the current knowledge of the beef cattle genome and to the effective identification of causative genes associated with important traits in cattle.
On the Black Bars Fishing Grounds, Goderich, Canada.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

View of man in canoe on water in Fishing Grounds. On back of card: Mar 29.08 Wishing you many happy returns of the day, Pearl W. Addressed to Miss Berl Deeprose, 573 Walnut St., Peterborough. Postmarked 30 March 1908.
Is childhood asthma being underdiagnosed and undertreated?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Thirty-four cases of asthma in children referred to outpatient clinics in Newcastle upon Tyne (16 cases) and London (18 cases) were reviewed. In both cities there was evidence of inappropriate diagnosis and treatment by general practitioners. One of the main factors seemed to be doctors' reluctance to use the word "asthma," even when a history of episodic wheezing strongly suggested the diagnosis. Freer use of the word "asthma" might help parents to co-operate in managing asthmatic children and allow them to be better prepared to cope with severe asthmatic attacks if they occur.
Studies of plasma zinc, copper, caeruloplasmin, and growth hormone

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The levels of plasma zinc, copper, caeruloplasmin, and growth hormone were determined in a group of normal people and in four groups of patients who were suffering from carcinoma of the bronchus, other forms of malignancy, chest illnesses, and diseases other than chest illness or malignancy. The plasma zinc was higher, and the plasma copper lower, in people without malignancy below the age of 30 years than they were in other age groups. It was confirmed that about 66% of patients with carcinoma of the bronchus had plasma zinc levels less than 11·5 μmol/l but low levels were also found in 23% of other cases of malignancy and in 9% of the other patients. In carcinoma of the bronchus the low plasma zinc was found to be associated with epidermoid and anaplastic tumours and was to some extent related to the duration of the disease. In carcinoma of the bronchus the plasma copper was found to be higher than in all other groups, and values higher than 26·5 μmol/l were considered to support a diagnosis of carcinoma of the bronchus. There was, however, no relationship between the increase in the plasma copper and the decrease in the plasma zinc. Raised caeruloplasmin levels above 420 mg/l were found in 65% of cases of carcinoma of the bronchus, and these high levels were usually associated with raised plasma copper. Growth hormone was normal in all groups except six patients with carcinoma of the bronchus with secondary carcinoma of the liver, in whom it was raised. Surgical operations lowered plasma zinc and raised growth hormone but did not affect plasma copper. A plasma zinc below 11·5 μmol/l is helpful in the diagnosis of carcinoma of the bronchus, but by itself it is not sufficiently specific to be considered diagnostic or to form a reliable screening test. A raised plasma copper and a raised plasma caeruloplasmin were useful supportive findings.
Stable hydrogels from nanofibrillated cellulose

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Nanocellulose hydrogels are amongst the most promising materials with a high added value that can be obtained from cellulose sources. In this manuscript we present different paths to obtaining nanocellulose based hydrogels as well as their use and safety. In the future, nanocellulosic materials will be one of the leading products that stems from the forestry and wood products sectors due to its high added value and potential to replace a number of synthetic materials.
Predicting session-by-session outcomes with the Consultation Interaction Coding Scheme in Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Severe Health Anxiety

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This is the SPSS 24 dataset and the SPSS syntax used for the analysis. The syntax files provides guidance notes for each stage of analysis.
In a secondary analysis of trial data, two trained raters blind to outcome used audio-visual recordings and transcripts to rate each interaction in the first and second session of cognitive behaviour therapy amongst 50 high service utilisers with severe health anxiety. The Consultation Interaction Coding Scheme (CICS) was used to rate each interaction on the basis of patient activation – a person’s confidence and perceived ability to manage their own health. Sessions were also assessed using the observer-rated working alliance inventory (WAI-O). Multilevel modelling was used to estimate the predictive validity of CICS and WAI-O scores on wellbeing assessed session-by-session using the Outcome Rating Scale.
The Effects of Antihistamines and ACTH on Temperature Rise Due to Pyrogen Reaction in Rabbits

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Journal Article The Effects of Antihistamines and ACTH on Temperature Rise Due to Pyrogen Reaction in Rabbits Get access Gerald M. Stahl, Gerald M. Stahl The University of Tennessee, School of Pharmacy, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Hospital Pharmacy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W. Howard Hassler W. Howard Hassler Assistant Professor Assistant Professor of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee, Memphis, and Pharmacist at the West Tennessee Tuberculosis Hospital, Memphis, Tenn Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Bulletin of the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, Volume 12, Issue 1, 1 February 1955, Pages 62–63, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/12.1.62 Published: 01 February 1955
Scientific Opinion on the safety of vitamin D‐enriched UV‐treated baker's yeast

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety of “UV-treated baker’s yeast” (Lallemand SAS) as a novel food ingredient in the context of Regulation (EC) No 258/97, taking into account the comments and objections of a scientific nature raised by Member States. The novel food ingredient (NFI) is baker’s yeast treated with UV irradiation to induce the conversion of ergosterol to vitamin D2. The applicant intends to use the NFI during the production of yeast-leavened bread, rolls, fine pastry and food supplements. The Panel considers that the provided compositional data, the specification, the data from batch testing, data on the stability on the production process are sufficient and do not give rise to safety concerns. The Panel concludes that the data provided are sufficient and do not give rise to safety concerns.The applicant intends to use the NFI as an alternative source of vitamin D for food supplements and for fortification of yeast-leavened bread, rolls and fine pastry at maximum concentrations of 5 μg vitamin D2 per 100 g of these foods. The applicant provided combined intake estimates for these two food categories for “all subjects” and “consumers only”. The source for the production of the NFI is Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an organism with a long history of safe food use. Even if the NFI is used at the maximum intended use levels, which deliver 5 µg vitamin D/100 g bread, rolls and fine pastry, it is highly unlikely that Tolerable Upper Intake Levels as established by EFSA (EFSA NDA Panel, 2012) are exceeded. The Panel considers that UV-treated baker’s yeast exhibiting an enhanced content of vitamin D2 is safe under the intended conditions of use.
Immunodepression in hamsters experimentally infected with Opisthorchis viverrini

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Hamsters experimentally infected with Opisthorchis viverrini had significant depression of the antibody response to sheep red blood cells. The depression was more severe with prolonged infections. Lymphoproliferative response to phytohaemagglutinin stimulation was also depressed when compared with uninfected controls. The immunodepression in these animals was abolished by anthelmintic treatment, suggesting that the immunodepressive effect is reversible and is associated with active infection.
HIV prevention costs and their predictors: evidence from the ORPHEA Project in Kenya

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

We estimate costs and their predictors for three HIV prevention interventions in Kenya: HIV testing and counselling (HTC), prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) and voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC). As part of the 'Optimizing the Response of Prevention: HIV Efficiency in Africa' (ORPHEA) project, we collected retrospective data from government and non-governmental health facilities for 2011-12. We used multi-stage sampling to determine a sample of health facilities by type, ownership, size and interventions offered totalling 144 sites in 78 health facilities in 33 districts across Kenya. Data sources included key informants, registers and time-motion observation methods. Total costs of production were computed using both quantity and unit price of each input. Average cost was estimated by dividing total cost per intervention by number of clients accessing the intervention. Multivariate regression methods were used to analyse predictors of log-transformed average costs. Average costs were $7 and $79 per HTC and PMTCT client tested, respectively; and $66 per VMMC procedure. Results show evidence of economies of scale for PMTCT and VMMC: increasing the number of clients per year by 100% was associated with cost reductions of 50% for PMTCT, and 45% for VMMC. Task shifting was associated with reduced costs for both PMTCT (59%) and VMMC (54%). Costs in hospitals were higher for PMTCT (56%) in comparison to non-hospitals. Facilities that performed testing based on risk factors as opposed to universal screening had higher HTC average costs (79%). Lower VMMC costs were associated with availability of male reproductive health services (59%) and presence of community advisory board (52%). Aside from increasing production scale, HIV prevention costs may be contained by using task shifting, non-hospital sites, service integration and community supervision.
Chronic immobilization-induced stress increases plasma testosterone and delays testicular maturation in pubertal rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Summary. We investigated whether chronic stress, applied from prepuberty to early puberty, interferes with the spermatogenic and androgenic testicular functions. Male pubertal rats (40 days old) were immobilized 6 h per day for 15 days. Plasma concentrations of corticosterone, prolactin and testosterone were significantly augmented following immobilization, whereas plasma luteinizing hormone decreased and follicle-stimulating hormone was not altered. Acute immobilization (5 min) increased prolactin and testosterone levels in control rats but caused a significantly higher increase in these hormones when superimposed on chronic stress. A lower extent of testicular maturation was observed in pubertal rats immobilized from prepuberty.
Development and internal validation of a prognostic model for mortality of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms treated with endovascular aneurysm repair

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary: Background: Morbidity and mortality associated with elective endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) must be balanced against the impending risk of aneurysm rupture and the estimated remaining lifetime. The aim of this study is to develop and validate a prognostic model for mortality of patients with AAA treated with EVAR. Methods: This retrospective observational study included 251 consecutive patients treated with EVAR for asymptomatic AAA between January 2001 and December 2012 at the University Hospital in Bern, Switzerland. Pre-selection of variables was based on a literature review; least absolute shrinkage and selection operator technique was used for the final variable selection. A Firth’s bias reduced Cox proportional hazard model was developed and validated using 10,000 bootstrap samples to predict survival after EVAR. Results: The median follow-up time was 5.3 years (range 0.1 to 15.9). At the study closing date 95% of follow-up information was available. The mortality rates were 31.9% at 5 years and 50.5% at the study closing date, respectively. Identified predictors for overall mortality after EVAR were age, hazard ratio (HR) = 2.24 per 10-year increase (95% CI 1.64 to 3.09), the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), HR = 2.22 (95% CI 1.48 to 3.31), and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, HR = 1.24 per 10 ml/min/1.73 m 2 decrease (95% CI 1.12 to 1.39). The model showed good discrimination ability, Harrell’s C = 0.722 (95% CI 0.667 to 0.778) and was very robust in the bootstrap in-sample validation Harrell’s C = 0.726 (95% CI 0.662 to 0.788). Conclusion: Higher age, the presence of COPD and impaired kidney function are independent predictors for impaired survival after EVAR. The expected remaining lifetime should be considered in patients with AAA. This prognostic model can help improving patient care; however, external validation is needed prior to clinical implementation.
Initial Searches on Gradual Urbanization Path of the Surplus Rural Labor Force Shifts

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The shifting of surplus rural labor force is thE radical solution to the problempeasant,Countryside,and Agriculture.It is generally accepted that urbanization is a way out Based on analysis of the dualistic economy,Louis purt forward a model of straight urbanization,most cities,however,couldn′t afford to its heavy burden in many developing countries in practice.During the process of urbanization in our country,the thought of developing mini town was once the optimal choice.Along with the transformation of rural industries,the influence on shifting of surplus rural labor force in mini towns declied.This paper first reviewed the history of urbanization,then turned to discuss the theory of gray area,and fially tried to probe into a gradual urbanization path of surplus labor force shifts in China.
Immune response: the Achilles’ heel of the stem cell-based regenerative therapies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Besides trauma, several pathological conditions which directly affect the normal functioning of organs, require new therapeutic strategies to repair damaged or diseased tissues. Tissue regeneration is a complex and spatiotemporal process involving a plethora of cell types, including various immune cells and stem cells in a synchronized relationship. However, individual parameters, namely ageing, obesity, diabetes, and chronic conditions, have been intrinsically correlated with poor regenerative properties of adult tissues. While vast progress has been made regarding stem cell-based therapy to direct self-healing, the immune response is still the Achilles’ heel of such strategies. Whereas the role of effector immune cells has been well defined along the regenerative process, an understanding of the behavior of the main adult stem cells, namely mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), along the different phases of the regenerative process could clarify how these stem cells can be used to positively influence the immune response. In this scope, this review highlights the main interactions between these stem cells and immune cells during tissue repair, exploring the most important regenerative properties of stem cells and correlating them with the modulation of the immune response during tissue regeneration. Furthermore, the utmost strategies used to explore how the behavior and stem cell fate are affected by specific microenvironments and/or stimuli usually found during a regenerative process, are emphasized. This clarification may provide critical insight into the molecular mechanisms by which stem cells modulate the immune response in a positive feedback loop toward tissue repair.
The Exclusion Principle and Photobeta Reactions in Nucleogenesis.

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

view Abstract Citations (10) References (12) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS The Exclusion Principle and Photobeta Reactions in Nucleogenesis. Bahcall, John N. Abstract The effects of the exclusion principle and photobeta reactions on the formation of heavy elements by slow-neutron capture are discussed. It is shown that a measurement of the isotopic abundance of Zr93 in giant stars exhibiting technetium lines would permit inferences concerning the temperature of the nuclear reacting core in which the heavy elements were produced. Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: September 1962 DOI: 10.1086/147398 Bibcode: 1962ApJ...136..445B full text sources ADS |
CHANGES IN RNA-, DNA- AND PROTEIN-SYNTHETIC ACTIVITY DURING THE FORMATION OF ANAL-FIN PROCESSES IN ETHISTERONE*-TREATED FEMALES OF ORYZIAS LATIPES

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The incorporations of uridine-3H, thymidine-3H, and leucine-3H were studied in the process-forming regions of the anal-fin rays of the ethisterone-treated females of Oryzias latipes. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was also studied. The increased incorporation of uridine-3H was detected between 12 and 24 hours of ethisterone treatment, attaining the maximum at 24 hours. The percentage of thymidine-3H labeled nuclei increased rapidly between 48 and 84 hours. The incorporation of leucine-3H was found to increase during the first 12 hours, attaining a constant level at 24 hours. An additional increase in incorporation of leucine-3H took place at 60 hours, the incorporation coming up to the maximum at 72 hours. In the horny substance secreted by the scleroblast mass, grains in the autoradiograph were detected at and after 72 hours. Alkaline phosphatase activity was manifested between 48 and 72 hours. These results seem to correspond to the histological changes, such as the appearance of the precursor cells of scleroblasts at 48 hours, the formation of scleroblast mass during the next 24 hours, and the initiation of horny substance secretion at 72 hours.
Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility Reporting Practices from an Emerging Mobile Telecommunications Market

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study examines corporate social responsibility reporting practices in the rapidly growing mobile telecommunications industry in Bangladesh. This industry sector is one of the fastest growing in the world making it an attractive global investment. Using content analysis we reviewed and analysed the annual reports of four major mobile companies between 2008 and 2011. The findings reveal that mobile telecommunications companies in Bangladesh disclose social and environmental responsibility information across a range of categories. We find that these mobile companies provide significant benefits to education and health in Bangladesh and that their focus on community and development disclosures are motivated in part by seeking to maintain legitimacy in an extremely competitive industry.
A COMPARATIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL STUDY OF HYPERACTIVITY AND ITS RELATED SYMPTOMS IN AUTISTIC AND HYPERACTIVE CHILDREN

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

本研究では、生育史の資料にもとづいて、自閉症児と多動児における多動行動とその関連症状の形成過程を比較検討した。対象児は14名の自閉症児(CA 6.7才、range 4.9-11.4才)と同数の多動児(CA 5.7才、range 2.1-8.1才)である。その結果、歩行開始までの行動に関しては両群間に特に大きなちがいはなく、刺激に対する過敏傾向や社会的な微笑の貧困、喃語の欠如などが見られた。そして、歩行開始後、多動児群では最初に多動行動が出現し、次いでかんしゃく行動や固執行動が出現してくる。これに対して、自閉症児群では最初にかんしゃく行動が出現し、次いで多動行動や固執行動が出現してくることが見い出された。また、歩行開始後60ヵ月間の両群の発達を比較すると、多動児群では、言語行動や対人行動が年齢とともに徐々に発達してくるが、自閉症児群では、歩行開始から24ヵ月の間に急速にこうした行動が退行もしくは消失してくることが見い出された。