jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Propagation of blackberry cultivars in three in vitro culture systems and evaluation of genetic uniformity

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of three in vitro culture systems: solid (SM), semi-solid (SSM), and liquid (temporary immersion system-TIS) on the number and quality of proliferated blackberry shoots, along with the analysis of genetic uniformity among the regenerated shoots. The following blackberry cultivars were tested: 'Čačanska Bestrna', 'Chester Thornless', 'Driscoll's Victoria', 'Karaka Black', 'Loch Ness', and 'Polar'. The culture medium used was Murashige and Skoog (MS), with 0.5 mg/L 6-Benzyladenine (BA). SM was gelled with 5 g/L plant agar; for SSM, wheat starch was used at 50 g/L (w/v), and a Platform bioreactor was used for TIS. The results revealed that, for all varieties, the highest number of shoots per initial inoculum was obtained in TIS, with the 'Karaka Black' variety presenting a maximum of 93.90±4.01. Considering the length of the proliferated shoots, all tested cultivars showed remarkable results in the SSM culture system gelatinized with 50 g/L wheat starch. The highest shoot length values were observed in 'Čačanska Bestrna', with values of 6.89±0.52 cm, followed by 'Chester' with 5.57±0.28 cm and 'Loch Ness' with 5.36±0.76 cm, respectively. The genetic uniformity of proliferated shoots was evaluated by start codon targeted (SCoT) markers.
Lingvopsychological Interdisciplinarity in Determining the Problems of Speech Activity in the Course of General Linguistics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article deals with an approach to interdisciplinarity in teaching Linguistic Science. In order to confirm a linguistic paradigm of cognitive linguistics in the course, the author encounters some unclear scientific terminology of speech activity category in psychology and linguistics. It is analyzed by professor A. S. Zelenko in his study devoted to the analysis of the problem of semantics in linguistics; by psychologist O. A. Zelenko, who claims about the category of general psychology of consciousness, on the basis of which the reforming of higher Ukrainian education is substantiated. Each of the scientists has different subject matters: the first scientisthandles the problems of semasiology, while the main focus of the second scientist is the category of mental activity and consciousness. What combines these two scholars is a conscious aspect of solving their stated problems. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the concepts in psychology and linguistics, it becomes apparent in the aspect of the cognitive paradigm that consciousness is a form of the psychic activity of Elitnyk, which is realized by the language model of the world. It is divided into everyday, artistic and scientific sub-models. The latter arises as structured systems of concepts. Concepts in the aspect of the descriptive paradigm as texts are divided into the whole range of linguistic categories.
Minority Participation in Secondary Education: A Fine-Grained Descriptive Methodology

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study analyzes participation of selected minorities and female students in particular secondary-school courses in six Southwestern Ontario boards of education during the 1988–1989 school year. Relative over- or underrepresentation of each group studied was tabulated by course type, grade, and level of difficulty. Results taken across all six boards indicate, among other relationships, overrepresentation of recently immigrated students in advanced-level university-entrance English classes, modest underrepresentation of Black students in advanced-level core subjects, and strong underrepresentation of Native Canadian Indian students in advanced-level English and math. Individual board analyses showed considerable deviation from across-board patterns.
Molecular genetic analysis of the cytochrome P450-debrisoquine hydroxylase locus and association with cancer susceptibility.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases play a central role in the metabolism of chemical carcinogens. The action of these enzymes can lead to either carcinogen detoxication or activation. Differences in P450 expression in animal models give rise to large differences in susceptibility to chemical carcinogens, so genetic polymorphisms in P450 expression may be expected to be an important factor in individual human susceptibility to cancer. Of particular interest is the genetic polymorphism at the cytochrome P450-debrisoquine/sparteine hydroxylase locus (CYP2D6). Although this is a minor liver P450, its polymorphic expression is associated with the abnormal metabolism of at least 30 therapeutic drugs, including beta-blockers and tricyclic antidepressants. Conflicting reports have been made on the association of this polymorphism with cancer susceptibility. This disagreement may be attributable to limitations of the phenotyping assay used to identify affected individuals (poor metabolizers, PMs). In order to clarify these anomalies, we have developed a simple DNA-based assay with which we can identify the majority of PMs. The assay is centered around the primary gene defect responsible for the polymorphism, a G to A transition at the junction of intron 3/exon 4 which results in a frame-shift in the resultant mRNA. The frequency of this mutation is 70-80% in PMs. We have studied the frequency of mutated alleles in a control population and in a wide range of cancer patients. No association between this polymorphism and lung cancer susceptibility was observed; however, in other populations of cancer patients some very interesting shifts were found in the proportion of PMs and heterozygotes from that in the normal population.
Train‐driver program keeps GNER on track

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose Shows how UK train operator GNER comprehensively reviewed its driver training after the chairman of the inquiry into the Ladbroke Grove railway accident called for a systematic approach to training. Design/methodology/approach Draws on information provided by the company's technical‐training team manager. Findings Explains that GNER launched a 43‐week training programme to develop drivers from people with no previous experience. Since the launch, 39 drivers have been trained. GNER has also developed 51 trainers to help with on‐the‐job training. Apart from the technicalities of driving and the rules and regulations, trainees learn self‐management, to help them work in isolation; safe and effective communication and actions to take in emergencies. Trainees observe drivers, drive with trainers and drive a train in service, and record their progress against agreed standards in a logbook. There are also classroom sessions, lectures, simulations, group discussions and expert visits. Practical implications Describes how GNER is the first long‐distance train operator successfully to retain its franchise, and the training has contributed to this by demonstrating that it meets national and industry standards. Originality/value Argues that, for many of the trainees, it is their first taste of shift work, so fitness for duty and the effects on lifestyle and safety performance are high on the programme's agenda.
Development of new sealed bipolar lead-acid battery

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

New light weight composite bipolar plates which can withstand the corrosive environment of the lead acid battery have made possible the construction of a sealed bipolar lead acid battery that promises to achieve very high specific power levels and substantially higher energy densities than conventional lead acid batteries. Performance projections based on preliminary experimental results show that the peak specific power of the battery can be as high as 90 kW/kg, and that a specific power of 5 kW/kg can be sustained over several thousand pulses.
Sovereign Wealth Funds 2019

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In 2019, the growth of the world economy slowed to 2.9%, the lowest annual rate recorded since the subprime crisis. This was a year in which the elements of uncertainty that had previously threatened the stability of the cycle began to have a more serious effect on economic expansion. Among these elements, there are essentially two – both of a political nature – that stand out from the rest. The first is the trade war between the world’s leading economy, United States and its nearest contender, China, which led to a dangerous tariff escalation. The second was the confirmation of the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union, whose long denouement plunged the economy and the companies of the old continent into uncertainty. However, the negative impact of both these factors is clearly waning, and, coupled with the continued favorable financial conditions, suggests a return to growth of the world economy of 3.3% for 2020 and 3.4% for 2021.
Development of a portable small gas flow transfer standard based on laminar flow technology

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Small gas flow measurement is widely applied in aerospace, environmental monitoring, automotive, medical and other fields.To calibrate the small gas flow, a portable transfer standard device based on laminar flow technology is developed, which includes a gas conditioner, laminar flow elements, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor and a flow computer.The measurement range of the device is (1~10000) mL/min with a relative expanded uncertainty of U ≤ 0.3%, k = 2.The device has the capacity to compensate the medium temperature influencing on the flow rate.It can be utilized to calibrate the gas flow whose pressure does not exceed 0.6 MPa.With a compact dimension and weighing 27kg, the device is easy to be carried.The consistency of the measurement results of the device under different temperature and pressure conditions is studied, and it is verified that the device can be utilized as a transfer standard for both in-laboratory calibration and on-site calibration for small gas flow.
Muscular Dystrophy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It is the general impression that in muscular dystrophy there are no regularly demonstrable abnormalities apart from the oftendescribed changes in creatine and creatinine.* On the other hand, none of the reported observations excluded the possibility of significant mean deviations detectable only upon comparison with suitable control groups. That this is indeed so is evident from studies presented in this paper. MATERIAL AND METHODS The following observations were made in a group of 31 children with history, physical examination, muscle biopsy, spinal fluid findings, and radiologic features compatible with the childhood type of muscular dystrophy.† A. Creatine Tolerance Tests .—Serum levels of creatine and creatinine were determined prior to and following the oral administration of creatine ‡ to children with muscular dystrophy and to healthy controls on the per-kilogram-of-body-weight dosage schedule indicated in Figure 2. B. Blood and Serum Solutes .—Fasting levels of blood sugar and nonprotein nitrogen and of serum
Study on Movement of Calcium in Eluviate Condition

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Soil column is used to study the characteristics of calcium movement in uprightness direction in Brown-soil which is in a middling rainfall condition. The result shows that with the increase of calcium which input to the soil,the availability calcium is markedness increased by 2.2%~22.4%, and theloss of the calcium is markedness heighten to 48.6%~80.4%; suitable combination of calcium and phosphorous can make the eluviate rate reduce by 31.8%,the summation of availability calcium increased by 6.0%.When the content of calcium and phosphorous is 11, it can enhance the availability calcium in soil effectually and reduce eluviate rate of calcium.
The potential value of employing a RLV-based “pop-up” trajectory approach for space access

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the potential benefits of employing useful upper stages with planned reusable launch vehicle systems to increase payload performance to various earth orbits. It highlights these benefits through performance analysis on a generic vehicle/upper-stage combination (basing all estimates on realistic technology availability). A nominal 34,019 kg [75,000 lbm] dry mass RLV capable of orbiting 454 kg into a polar orbit by itself (SSTO) would be capable of orbiting 9500–10,000 kg into a polar orbit using a nominal upper stage released from a suborbital trajectory. The paper also emphasizes the technical and operational issues associated with actually executing a "pop-up" trajectory launch and deployment.
Determinants of Chinese SMEs’ Entry to ASEAN Renewable Energy Market

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

ASEAN communities seek such resources as technologies and products from other countries to develop solar energy for sustainable development. In response to that, major renewable-utilization advanced countries including China has introduced funds, technology, and products into ASEAN. Despite the fact that China SMEs have a strong willingness to enter ASEAN solar energy market and ASEAN has demanded to develop the solar energy industry, only a few of them have succeeded in operation in the long-run. Introducing renewable energy technology and products from one place to another or bringing them from laboratory into community is not just a process of capital equipment supply from one firm to another but also includes the transfer of skills and know-how for operating and maintaining technology hardware, and knowledge for understanding this technology so that further independent innovation is possible by recipient. The purpose of this research was to determine the dynamic elements for China SMEs entering into the solar energy market of middle-income ASEAN member states. This participatory research collects data from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data sources include a questionnaire for 408 respondents of whom background across government officials, research personnel and industry, and interviews for 24 of them. Secondary data include reports from the Asian Development Bank, ASEAN Centre for Energy and other related documents from ASEAN governments. Data collected from the questionnaire were firstly analyzed through quantitative way: the value of Mean, Standard Error of Mean, Median, Standard Deviation (Std.) and Variance of each element were calculated. Information collected from interviews were then analyzed through the qualitative way. The results showed that policy environment, level of industrial and economic development, people’s willingness to cooperate, correct policy interpretation, capacity building and the presence of a third-party intermediary agency are the determinants of Chinese SME's successful entry to ASEAN renewable energy market. The mature policy environment of the ASEAN, need of industrial upgrading and sound economic development would facilitate the development of renewable energy industry, meanwhile, the strong willingness to cooperate, correct policy interpretation on preferential policies, well capacity building of both cooperative sides and the presence of a third-party intermediary agency would promote the cooperation between Chinese SMEs and relevant partners of ASEAN and the sustainable operation of Chinese SMEs in ASEAN.
Curcuminoids Modulate the PKCδ/NADPH Oxidase/Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling Pathway and Suppress Matrix Invasion during Monocyte–Macrophage Differentiation

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Monocyte recruitment and invasion play critical roles in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. The reduction in monocyte adhesion and infiltration is thought to exert antiatherosclerotic effects. Curcumin, demethoxycurcumin (DMC), and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) are the major active components of curcuminoids and exhibit several biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and hypocholesterolemic activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the antiatherogenic effects and mechanisms of curcuminoids during monocyte to macrophage differentiation. The results showed that curcumin, DMC, and BDMC (20 μM) suppressed matrix invasion from 100.0 ± 5.0% to 24.8 ± 1.4%, 26.6 ± 2.9%, and 33.7 ± 1.7%, respectively, during PMA-induced THP-1 differentiation. We found that curcuminoids significantly reduced PMA-induced CD11b and MMP-9 expression by THP-1 cells. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by PMA (126.7 ± 2.1%) was markedly attenuated by curcumin, DMC, and BDMC to 99.5 ± 7.8%, 87.8 ± 8.2%, and 89.8 ± 7.6%, respectively, resulting in the down-regulation of CD11b and MMP-9 expression. We demonstrated that curcuminoids inhibited NADPH oxidase through the down-regulation of NOX2 expression and the reduction of p47phox membrane translocation. Moreover, we found involvement of PKCδ in the PMA-induced NOX2, CD11b, and MMP-9 mRNA expression. Curcumin, DMC, and BDMC decreased the active form of PKCδ protein stimulated by PMA in THP-1 cells. Overall, our results reveal that curcuminoids suppress matrix invasion through the inhibition of the PKCδ/NADPH oxidase/ROS signaling pathway during monocyte-macrophage differentiation.
3D URBAN CHANGE DETECTION WITH POINT CLOUD SIAMESE NETWORKS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. As the majority of the earth population is living in urban environments, cities are continuously evolving and efficient monitoring tools are needed to retrieve and classify their evolution. In this context, analysing changes between two dates is a crucial point. In urban environments, most changes occur along the vertical axis (with new construction or demolition of buildings) and the use of 3D data is therefore mandatory. Among them, LiDAR constitutes a valuable source of information. However, With the difficulty of processing sparse and unordered 3D point clouds, most of existing methods start by rasterizing point clouds (for example to Digital Surface Models) before using more conventional image processing tools. This implies a significant loss of information. Among existing studies dealing directly with point clouds, and to the best of our knowledge, no deep neural network-based method has been explored yet. Thus, in order to fill this gap and to test the ability of deep methods to deal with change detection and characterization of 3D point clouds, we propose a Siamese network with Kernel Point Convolution inspired by Siamese architectures that have already shown their performances on change detection in 2D images and on KPConv network which achieves high-quality results for semantic segmentation of raw 3D point clouds. We show quantitatively and qualitatively that our method outperforms by more than 25% (in terms of average Intersection over Union for classes of change) existing machine learning methods based on hand-crafted features.
Comparative study of the alkyl and peroxy radical-scavenging activity of 2-t-butyl-4-methoxyphenol (BHA) and its dimer, and their theoretical parameters.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Upon PhCOO* or R* scavenging, BHA with a lower BDE, IP(koopman's), electronegativity, and electrophilicity value, but not bis-BHA with higher corresponding values, highly suppressed propagation. This may be due to the formation of highly reactive free-radical intermediates, which are potentially toxic.
α-amylase inhibition kinetics curve of A1 and Acarbose

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

α-amylase inhibition kinetics curve of A1 and Acarbose were investigaed in this research, and for the A1 was a polysaccharide partially purified from water extracts of the biomass fermentation, the content of the A1 is about 80%, A1 with higher purity will conduced in the future and the inhibition kinetics curve of the purify enough polysaccharides deserve to do.
Two-year outcome of a treatment program for alcohol use disorder in regional and rural India

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a major health issue in developing countries, posing a significant economic burden with limited access to comprehensive treatment and follow-up services. AUD treatment services are limited in India, especially in regional and rural areas. Methods: This retrospective study assessed outcomes in patients with AUD from a rural and regional part of India admitted to a voluntary treatment program with a 2-year follow-up after initial detoxification. The primary outcome measures were the extent and duration of abstinence achieved at the end of 2 years. The secondary outcome measures were quality of life, psychological wellbeing, and family burden. Results: One hundred sixty-nine out of 180 patients (93.9%) completed the 2-year program. Sustained abstinence was achieved by 81.1% of patients and sustained low-risk drinking by 14.8% in an uncontrolled environment. There was a significant improvement in the quality of life and psychological wellbeing and a reduction in the total family burden. Patients sustaining total abstinence experienced a higher family burden at intake than those with low-risk drinking. Conclusion: The majority of patients with AUD achieved total abstinence in communities with limited specialist health services with appropriate treatment and follow-up services. Factors influencing such positive outcomes could be the voluntary nature of the program, setting up total abstinence as the treatment goal, collaborative support of the family, access to low-cost treatment and extended follow-up, and use of disulfiram. A future prospective study using a control group addressing this study’s limitations is required to confirm the observed outcomes.
[Advances in primary glomerular disease in 2007].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The most relevant articles published in the field of glomerular disease in 2008 are reviewed in this study. They mostly deal with membranous nephropathy and IgA nephropathy. Regarding treatment of membranous nephropathy presenting with nephrotic syndrome and normal renal function, the good remission rates and excellent long-term renal survival of cyclophosphamide and prednisone are confirmed. Cyclosporine A and tacrolimus are less aggressive options. Cyclosporine A was shown to be an effective alterative compared to alkylating agent and prednisone, whereas tacrolimus emerged as a solid alternative. Both share few side effects and high relapse rates. In cases of membranous nephropathy presenting with nephrotic syndrome and incipient renal failure, mycophenolate mofetil has a response rate comparable to cyclophosphamide and prednisone, but with a higher relapse rate. With regard to IgA nephropathy, the prognostic importance of histology and proteinuria was confirmed. Thus, the risk of progression can be well stratified by subdivision of Lee's classification from 5 to 3 classes. Proteinuria is another very important risk factor for progression and its reduction (partial remission) improves the prognosis. Over this last year, advances have been published in the field of noninvasive diagnosis of this entity and in this regard sub-galactosidate IgA levels are important. Regarding treatment, ACEIs (benazepril) have been shown to improve the prognosis in IgA nephropathy with proteinuria between 1-3 g/day.