jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Clean technology for the crude palm oil industry in Thailand

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The aims of this study were to assess the potential contribution of clean(er) technology to improve the environmental performance of the crude palm oil industry inThailand, to analyse implementation barriers for cleaner production in crude palm oil industry, and to provide recommendations for overcoming these barriers. As such the overall aim was to generate ideas for moving the crude palm oil industry towards sustainability.In order to fulfill these research aimsdetailed case studies have been carried out on five palm oil enterprises inThailand. The differences in production processes and location have been taken as core selection criteria.The results show thatthe combination of clean technology, industrial ecology and triad network analysis seems to be a good approach in analyzing the environmental impacts from, and environmental improvements of, crude palm oil industry inThailand. Regarding the possibilities of technological improvements of the existing environmental performance of Thai crude palm oil production the application of cleaner production and industrial ecosystem approaches (based on reuse, recycling, and utilization of solids and liquid waste and appropriate energy management) proves to be useful. In this way the goal of almost zero discharge of pollutants (against acceptable costs)for crude palm oil mills situated in a plantation area can be achieved. To move Thai crude palm oil industry towards larger sustainability, the following options can be introduced: application of shell foractivated carbon; use ofempty fruit bunch for mushroom cultivation media; composting; pulp production;MDF (medium-density fiberboard)products; utilizedecanter sludge for animal feed; apply palm oil mill effluent for biogas production; and reuse treated wastewater and bottom sediment from anaerobic ponds for irrigation and as soil conditioner in plantation areas.The triad network analysis provides clear understanding of the various barriers met in the implementation of the proposed model of an almost zero waste industrial ecosystem of crude palm oil industry inThailand.Four types of barriers have been distinguished: informational barriers, cooperation barriers, price barriers and human capacity barriers. Following these barriers strategies were developed to cope with each of these barriers.Finally,by comparing the performance of the Thai crude palm oil production with the Malaysian palm oil technologies, regulatory framework and institutional arrangements it can be concluded thatThailandcan learn fromMalaysiain how the palm oil industry can move towards sustainable development. Especially legislation, facilitation and financial arrangements around clean technology research and development are key factors in explaining the success of Malaysian best practices.
Beam Tracking Simulations for Stage 1 of the Laser-Hybrid Accelerator for Radiobiological Applications (LhARA)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Laser-hybrid Accelerator for Radiobiological Applications (LhARA) is a unique and flexible facility proposed for radiobiological studies. The first stage of LhARA consists of an intense laser source interacting with a thin foil target producing a large flux of protons with energies up to 15 MeV. Particles will propagate through a combination of plasma (Gabor) lenses and magnetic elements to an achromat arc delivering the beam vertically to an in-vitro end station. An end-to-end simulation from the laser source to the end station is required to verify the conceptual design of the beamline. The laser-plasma interaction is simulated with Smilei (a particle-in-cell code) to produce a two-dimensional (2D) distribution of particles. Whilst it is possible to simulate the laser-plasma interaction in three dimensions (3D), access to the computing resources needed to run highly resolved simulations was not available. A sampling routine will be described which samples the 2D distribution to generate a 3D beam. The Monte Carlo simulation programs BDSIM and GPT were used to track the beam. Results of the simulations will be shown and compared to the results of an idealized Gaussian beam.
Morphology of the genital structures in some species of the genus Dinothenarus Thomson, 1858 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The structures of the genitalia of the representatives of the genus Dinothenarus Thomson, 1858 [D. pubescens (De Geer, 1774), D. flavocephalus (Goeze, 1777), D. arrosus (Eppelsheim, 1890) and D. sibiricus (Gebler, 1830)] are described. Topology, morphology and nomenclature of some structures (spermatheca, vagina, penis tube, endophallus and their components) are specified. The homology of these structures is discussed.
Report of the Basic Energy Sciences Workshop on Compact Light Sources

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This report is based on a BES Workshop on Compact Light Sources, held May 11-12, 2010, to evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of compact light source approaches and compared their performance to the third generation storage rings and free-electron lasers. The workshop examined the state of the technology for compact light sources and their expected progress. The workshop evaluated the cost efficiency, user access, availability, and reliability of such sources. Working groups evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of Compact Light Source (CLS) approaches, and compared their performance to the third-generation storage rings and free-electron lasers (FELs). The primary aspects of comparison were 1) cost effectiveness, 2) technical availability v. time frame, and 3) machine reliability and availability for user access. Five categories of potential sources were analyzed: 1) inverse Compton scattering (ICS) sources, 2) mini storage rings, 3) plasma sources, 4) sources using plasma-based accelerators, and 5) laser high harmonic generation (HHG) sources. Compact light sources are not a substitute for large synchrotron and FEL light sources that typically also incorporate extensive user support facilities. Rather they offer attractive, complementary capabilities at a small fraction of the cost and size of large national user facilities. In the far term they may offer the potential for a new paradigm of future national user facility. In the course of the workshop, we identified overarching R&D topics over the next five years that would enhance the performance potential of both compact and large-scale sources: Development of infrared (IR) laser systems delivering kW-class average power with femtosecond pulses at kHz repetition rates. These have application to ICS sources, plasma sources, and HHG sources. Development of laser storage cavities for storage of 10-mJ picosecond and femtosecond pulses focused to micron beam sizes. Development of high-brightness, high-repetition-rate electron sources. Development of continuous wave (cw) superconducting rf linacs operating at 4 K, while not essential, would reduce capital and operating cost.
Episodic erythema gyratum repens with ichthyosis and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis without signs of internal malignancy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Two patients with typical lesions of erythema gyratum repens, peripheral ichthyosis, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and nail changes are described. A non-specific erythrodermic eruption of several weeks' duration had preceded the typical lesions. No signs of internal malignancy were found and the typical gyrate lesions disappeared within some weeks with full restitution of all skin lesions within 6-8 months.
From “Political Theology” to “Political Religion”: Eric Voegelin and Carl Schmitt

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In his work Politics as Religion , Emilio Gentile credits Eric Voegelin with having invented, if not the expression itself, then at least the concept of “political religion” which the latter would use consistently throughout the 1960s to describe totalitarian regimes. In his Autobiographical Reflections , drawn from an interview recorded in 1973, Voegelin revisits the use of this expression and gives an indication of the sources that inspired him to adopt it: When I spoke of the politischen Religionen , I conformed to the usage of a literature that interpreted ideological movements as a variety of religions. Representative of this literature was Louis Rougier's successful volume on Les Mystiques politiques . Besides the work by Louis Rougier, it is highly likely that Voegelin is thinking of the French Catholic “personalist” philosophers, such as Jacques Maritain, Henri de Lubac, and Joseph Vialatoux, who also interpreted the emerging totalitarian movements less in terms of social and political phenomena than as a profound spiritual disorder. These readings are also enriched by Bergson's work (which proved decisive for Voegelin) The Two Sources of Morality and Religion . It may appear surprising that Voegelin does not refer to the emblematic work by Carl Schmitt, the Political Theology of 1922. Schmitt had also invented, if not a term, then at least a concept destined for a productive career. Moreover, Political Theology and Voegelin's Political Religions (1938) have similar objectives, namely, to show that all political doctrines involve a relationship between mankind and the sacred in one form or another—even (and perhaps especially) those that claim to have eliminated the religious element entirely.
Numerical simulation of water circulation in the central part of the Sea of Japan and study of its long-term variability in 1958–2006

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The response of circulation in the Sea of Japan (SJ) to the CORE-calculated real atmospheric forcing for 1958–2006 is reconstructed using the general ocean circulation model developed at the Institute of Computational Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences (ICM RAS). Features of the interannual variability of the circulation in the intermediate and deep layers of the central part of SJ are studied from the numerical simulation results. For this, the spatiotemporal variability of the relative vorticity is calculated. Frequency spectra of this variability are calculated at depths of 500 and 800 m and the layer-average between these levels. The spectra have a quasi-discrete structure with maxima in vicinities of 4–5, 7, and 10-year periods. Coincidence is ascertained between frequencies corresponding to these periods and earlier determined frequencies of the inter-annual variability of the temperature field observed in the intermediate layer of the SJ in the second half of the 20th century.
A multisynaptic pathway from the ventral midbrain toward spinal motoneurons in monkeys

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Motivation boosts motor performance. Activity of the ventral midbrain (VM), consisting of the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and the retrorubral field (RRF), plays an important role in processing motivation. However, little is known about the neural substrate bridging the VM and the spinal motor output. We hypothesized that the VM might exert a modulatory influence over the descending motor pathways. By retrograde transneuronal labelling with rabies virus, we demonstrated the existence of multisynaptic projections from the VM to the cervical enlargement in monkeys. The distribution pattern of spinal projection neurons in the VM exhibited a caudorostral gradient, in that the RRF and the caudal part of the SNc contained more retrogradely labelled neurons than the VTA and the rostral part of the SNc. Electrical stimulation of the VM induced muscle responses in the contralateral forelimb with a delay of a few milliseconds following the responses of the ipsilateral primary motor cortex (M1). The magnitude and number of evoked muscle responses were associated with the stimulus intensity and number of pulses. The muscle responses were diminished during M1 inactivation. Thus, the present study has identified a multisynaptic VM–spinal pathway that is mediated, at least in part, by the M1 and might play a pivotal role in modulatory control of the spinal motor output. Key points Motivation to obtain reward is thought to boost motor performance, and activity in the ventral midbrain is important to the motivational process. Little is known about a neural substrate bridging the ventral midbrain and the spinal motor output. Retrograde trans‐synaptic experiments revealed that the ventral midbrain projects multisynaptically to the spinal cord in macaque monkeys. Ventral midbrain activation by electrical stimulation generated cortical activity in the motor cortex and forelimb muscle activity. A multisynaptic ventral midbrain–spinal pathway most probably plays a pivotal role in modulatory control of the spinal motor output.
Invasion of spontaneous germinal centers by naive B cells is rapid and persistent

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

In autoreactive germinal centers (GC) initiated by a single rogue B cell clone, wild-type B cells expand and give rise to clones that target other autoantigens, known as epitope spreading. The chronic, progressive nature of epitope spreading calls for early interventions to limit autoimmune pathologies, but the kinetics and molecular requirements for wild-type B cell invasion and participation in GC remain largely unknown. With parabiosis and adoptive transfer approaches in a murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus, we demonstrate that wild-type B cells join existing GCs rapidly, clonally expand, persist, and contribute to autoantibody production and diversification. The invasion of autoreactive GCs by wild-type B cells required TLR7, B cell receptor specificity, antigen presentation, and type I interferon signaling. The adoptive transfer model provides a tool for identifying early events in the breaking of B cell tolerance in autoimmunity.
Weak solutions of quasilinear elliptic systems via a cohomological index

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we study a class of quasilinear elliptic systems of the type \[\left\{\begin{array}{ll} - \divg(a_1(x,\nabla u_1,\nabla u_2))\ =\ f_1(x,u_1,u_2) & \text{in } \Omega,\\ - \divg(a_2(x,\nabla u_1,\nabla u_2))\ =\ f_2(x,u_1,u_2) & \text{in } \Omega,\\ u_1 = u_2 = 0 & \text{on } \partial \Omega, \end{array}\right.\] with $\Omega$ bounded domain in $\R^N$. We assume that $A : \Omega \times \mathbb{R}^N \times \mathbb{R}^N \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$, $F : \Omega \times \mathbb{R} \times \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ exist such that $a=(a_1,a_2)=\nabla A$ satisfies the so called Leray-Lions conditions and $f_1=\frac{\partial F}{\partial u_1}$, $f_2=\frac{\partial F}{\partial u_2}$ are Carathéodory functions with {\sl subcritical growth}. The approach relies on variational methods and, in particular, on a cohomological local splitting which allows one to prove the existence of a nontrivial solution.
Terrestrial protected areas and managed reaches conserve threatened freshwater fish in Uttarakhand, India

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Terrestrial protected areas and river reaches managed by local stakeholders can act as management tools for biodiversity conservation.These areas have the potential to safeguard fish species from stressors such as over-fishing, habitat degradation and fragmentation, and pollution.To test this idea, we conducted an evaluation of the potential for managed and unmanaged river reaches, to conserve threatened freshwater fish species.The evaluation involved sampling fish diversity at 62 sites in major rivers in Uttarakhand, India (Kosi, Ramganga and Khoh rivers) both within protected (i.e.sites within Corbett and Rajaji Tiger Reserves and within managed reaches), and unprotected areas (i.e.sites outside tiger reserves and outside managed reaches).In total, 35 fish species were collected from all sites, including two mahseer (Tor) species.Protected areas had larger individual fish when compared to individuals collected outside of protected areas.Among all sites, lower levels of habitat degradation were found inside protected areas.Non -protected sites showed higher impacts to water quality (mean threat score: 4.3/5.0),illegal fishing (4.3/5.0),diversion of water flows (4.5/5.0),clearing of riparian vegetation (3.8/5.0), and sand and boulder mining (4.0/5.0)than in protected sites.This study supports the importance of existing terrestrial protected areas and managed sites for conserving threatened fish and preventing harmful activities.
Diurnal Variation and Nursing Perspectives in Analgesic and Sedation Medication Administration to Mechanically Ventilated Children in a Single Pediatric ICU

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Abstract The primary objective of this study was to determine whether there was diurnal variation in the amount of analgesic and sedation medication administered to mechanically ventilated children in a single pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The secondary objective was to evaluate nursing attitudes and practices regarding administration of these medications. This was a prospective, longitudinal cohort study of mechanically ventilated patients admitted to a single PICU. There were 46 mechanical ventilation courses included (305 paired day–night shifts). There was no significant diurnal variation found in the amount of analgesics and sedatives administered to mechanically ventilated patients. However, the reasons for administration differed between day and night shifts.
Implementation of an Improvement Cycle Using the Competisoft Methodological Framework and the Tutelkan Platform

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Formalizing and institutionalizing software processes has become a necessity in recent years requiring the management and enhancement of software production and, at the same time, achieving certification in accordance with international standards. Due to the lack of collaboration tools in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) which could contribute to the improvement of software processes, different proposals have been made to enable these companies to develop and grow. This paper presents the experimental implementation of an improvement cycle in an internal area of a small company, considering the basic profile of the Competisoft process model with support on the Tutelkan platform. Through this experiment, it was noted that Competisoft supplied the basic elements to formalize and institutionalize the processes and that Tutelkan was a good complement to achieving this aim.
Forest nursery history in western Canada with special emphasis on the province of British Columbia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In Canada, forest land ownership and management is largely under provincial jurisdiction, and forestry operations are mainly conducted on public land and not on private land. This public ownership has exerted a profound impact on the development of reforestation policies and nursery technology in Canada. Collectively, about 650 million seedlings are planted annually in Canada's forests. In excess of 90% of this production is grown as container seedlings, mostly by commercial nurseries.
The Political Economy of Military Base Closure

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study investigates the political economy of military base closure: the federal and local public policy process and how it impacts the economic efficiency of public resource allocation. It describes and analyzes the socio-economic factors affecting the communities surrounding military bases targeted for closure. It does not discuss or analyze the base closure decision making process and which base should remain open or close. A primary case study was used for research: George Air Force Base, Victorville, California which has been undergoing the actual closure process for approximately two years. This thesis draws on historical studies by the government and private individuals which conclude that military base closures most often result in positive socio- economic effects on local communities. Since no base has been closed in the United States in eleven years, our case study analyzes the efficacy of these historical reports and provides conclusions that suggest the closure of a military base and its transition into the private sector may provide strong stimulation to most local economies.
The Role of Institutional Rural Property in Diversified Investment Portfolios in NSW, Australia

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The food and fuel crisis experienced in 2006 to 2008 has highlighted the importance of agricultural commodity production throughout developing and developed economies and has placed greater awareness and importance on rural property and rural property markets. These factors have led to an increased interest from major property investment institutions and property companies in the role of rural property in a mixed asset or mixed property investment portfolio. This paper will analyse rural property sales in New South Wales for the period 1990-2008, and will compare total return performance across a number of rural property sectors based on geographic location and land use type. These results show that the inclusion of rural property in an investment portfolio has benefits in relation to return and risk.
DIRECT CURRENT POTENTIAL AND pH OF SEVERAL VARIETIES OF SKIN NEOPLASMS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A study of 36 subjects having skin neoplasms of three degrees of malignancy is described. The hydrogen ion concentration was determined using a Beckman model G pH meter with glass and calomel electrodes while d-c. potentials were measured using a d-c. vacuum tube amplifier and silver – silver chloride electrodes.The results indicate that there is no correlation between malignancy and absolute value of potential, but a correlation between malignancy and pH difference (pH neoplasm − pH normal) and between malignancy and the 'extra positivity' (absolute d-c. potential − 0.059 pH difference) does exist.
Management of Haemophilic Pseudotumor of Left-Hand in A Paediatric Patient: a Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hemophilia is a recessively inherited genetic disorder that causes abnormalities in the blood clotting process, which can lead to bleeding that is difficult to stop. One of the rare but significant complications of hemophilia is hemophilia pseudotumor, which occurs in 1-2% of hemophilia A and B patients. This study aims to analyze and evaluate the management of pseudotumor hemophilia. This study aims to analyze and evaluate the management of hemophilia pseudotumor in pediatric patients, focusing on the case of an 8-year-old boy who developed a pseudotumor in the left hand area due to hemophilia A. This case involves a boy with a history of hemophilia A who developed swelling of the left hand after experiencing trauma. Diagnosis was done through clinical examination, radiology (X-ray and MRI), and hematology evaluation. Treatment was factor VIII therapy, tranexamate, and amputation, as well as rFVIIa for bleeding prevention. The patient showed improved function after left hand amputation. Although conservative management can be considered for newly formed pseudotumors, in this case, a surgical approach was necessary due to the significant size and complications. Hemophilic pseudotumors can cause damage to surrounding tissues and require a multidisciplinary approach for management. Hemophilic pseudotumor is a rare but serious complication in people with hemophilia. Appropriate management, including surgical intervention, can improve the functional outcome of patients, despite the significant risks involved. Further research is needed to develop more effective treatment protocols.