jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Refractive index, molar refraction and comparative refractive index study of propylene carbonate binary liquid mixtures.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Refractive indices (n) have been experimentally determined for the binary liquid-liquid mixtures of Propylene carbonate (PC) (1) with benzene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene and p-xylene (2) at 298.15, 303.15 and 308.15 K over the entire mole fraction range. The experimental values of n are utilised to calculate deviation in refractive index (Δn), molar refraction (R) and deviation in molar refraction (ΔR). A comparative study of Arago-Biot (A-B), Newton (NW), Eyring and John (E-J) equations for determining refractive index of a liquid has been carried out to test their validity for all the binary mixtures over the entire composition range at 298.15 K. Comparison of various mixing relations is represented in terms of average deviation (AVD). The Δn and ΔR values have been fitted to Redlich-Kister equation at 298.15 K and standard deviations have been calculated. The results are discussed in terms of intermolecular interactions present amongst the components.
Bayesian clustering of many GARCH models

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider the estimation of a large number of GARCH models, of the order of several hundreds. To achieve parsimony, we classify the series in a small number of groups. Within a cluster, the series share the same model and the same parameters. Each cluster contains therefore similar series. We do not know a priori which series belongs to which cluster. The model is a finite mixture of distributions, where the component weights are unknown parameters and each component distribution has its own conditional mean and variance. Inference is done by the Bayesian approach, using data augmentation techniques. Illustrations are provided.
Findings from a Qualitative Needs Assessment of Equal Access Birmingham, a Student-Run Free Clinic in the Southern United States

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Student-run free clinics (SRFCs) are becoming increasingly common across the United States. To better understand clientele and improve these organizations, it is important to assess patient feedback about SRFC services. This study is based on Equal Access Birmingham (EAB), a SRFC that aims to provide and improve quality healthcare for underserved populations in central Alabama. A qualitative needs assessment of patients receiving care at EAB has not yet been performed. The purpose of this study was to identify and explore EAB clientsâ€™ perceived health needs, health-related behaviors, and access to healthcare. Methods: Clients were recruited to participate in semi-structured qualitative interviews at EAB. Major themes included barriers to healthcare, primary health concerns, individual health behaviors, and patterns of clinic utilization. Results: The study analyzed 16 patient interviews. Participants stated that cost, transportation, and housing were barriers to healthcare. Their main health concerns were hypertension (cited by 21% of participants), diabetes (21%), pain (21%), and mental health management (21%). Ninety-four percent of study participants reported relying on EAB to obtain medication refills. Respondents also reported accessing the clinic for mental health issues, and many used EAB as their primary care provider. Conclusions: Despite numerous barriers, EAB was the source of primary healthcare and medications for many respondents. This qualitative investigation identified specific concerns and noteworthy strengths that may extend to other SRFCs.
We Are what We Eat: Food in the Process of Community Formation and Identity Shaping among African Traders in Guangzhou and Yiwu

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In this paper we analyze two African communities in Guangzhou and Yiwu, China, arguing that among Guangzhou Africans on the one hand, Black Africans, particularly West Africans, have a tighter community and interact more with each other than Black Africans in Yiwu. On the other hand, Maghrebian Africans in Yiwu have a tighter community and maintain a more cohesive interaction than their counterparts in Guangzhou. Evidence for this characterization of the communities comes from food and communal food-eating habits. There are hardly any West African restaurants in Yiwu while there is an abundance of West African and other Black African restaurants in Guangzhou where there is more community patronage. In contrast, there are more concentrations of North African restaurants in Yiwu than in Guangzhou. We discuss the crucial role food and food-making and eating places play in providing structures and avenues for community bonding to promote community formation and community identity shaping.
Thermal diffusivity and heat capacity of SiGe/Si superlattice from 374 K to 674 K

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this work, we examine the thermal diffusivity of Si/SiGe thin-film superlattice (SL) structures and use these results with pervious thermal conductivity results to calculate the heat capacity from 374 K to 674 K. The thermal properties of semiconductor layered structures can be altered through the use of SL structures. This alteration occurs through two possible mechanisms: increased phonon scattering due to rough interfaces and phonon zone folding due to boundary conditions of the propagating waves. Examining the heat capacity allows for the observation of phonon zone folding effects while limiting effects due to scattering. Structures studied here consist of SiGe SLs grown at different temperatures and with varying SL spacing allowing the examination of period and crystallinity effects on thermal properties. Previously reported results show that for SL structures both crystalline and polycrystalline have a thermal conductivity of approximately 1 W/mK measured over temperatures ranging from 374 K to 674 K. In this work, thermal diffusivity was measured through laser flash analysis, with crystalline SL structures showing values &lt;1 mm2/s, while the thermal diffusivity of the polycrystalline structure was found to be twice that of the crystalline structure over the temperature range. In all instances, the heat capacities for the SL structures are found to be lower than that for a uniform thin film alloy, indicating a significant contribution of phonon dispersion modification to the heat capacity.
Voluntary adoption of international financial reporting standards in German private firms

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper aims to investigate the incentives of German private firms to adopt IFRS voluntarily. Financial statements prepared according to IFRS compared with German GAAP provide readers with higher quality information since managerial discretion in using accounting method choices is restricted and additional disclosures are required under IFRS. Related research based on public companies reports many motivations why firms choose to apply IFRS instead of local GAAP. These public companies switch to IFRS for instance to lower the political costs, to facilitate the monitoring role of stakeholders or to respond to external pressures related to external contracting. Our paper confirms to a large extent these findings in our sample of German private companies. Political costs and pressures from outside stakeholders are the main drivers for German private firms to apply IFRS.
Data archiving and distribution of the Virgo antenna for gravitational wave detection

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We describe the architecture of the data archiving and distribution of the Virgo antenna for gravitational wave detection. The main characteristic of this system is the modularity of the architecture. This solution allows system upgrades without dramatic changes of the hardware and software components. The main performances are: 1. Maximum sustained data flow of 10 Mbyte/s on DLT tapes (35/70 Gbyte) for the raw data archiving; 2. Up to 1 Tbyte data archiving capacity on disk at a maximum sustained data flow of 25 Mbyte/s for the online data distribution; 3. Up to 10 Mbyte/s data retrieval flow for the on-line data distribution. The basic architecture of the system consists of two sections: an acquisition and storage section and a data management section. The former is a LynxOS based system with the disks directly connected to the CPU slave boards, the latter is a DEC-Unix Alpha Server (Data Server), NFS mounting the LynxOS disks through a Fast Ethernet network.
The Anti-Angiogenic Activity of a Cystatin F Homologue from the Buccal Glands of Lampetra morii

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cystatins are a family of cysteine protease inhibitors which are associated with a variety of physiological and pathological processes in vivo. In the present study, the cDNA sequence of a cystatin F homologue called Lm-cystatin F was cloned from the buccal glands of Lampetra morii. Although Lm-cystatin F shares a lower homology with cystatin superfamily members, it is also composed of a signal peptide and three highly conserved motifs, including the G in the N-terminal, QXVXG, as well as the PW in the C-terminal of the sequence. After sequence optimization and recombination, the recombinant protein was expressed as a soluble protein in Escherichia coli with a molecular weight of 19.85 kDa. Through affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis, the purified protein was identified as a recombinant Lm-cystatin F (rLm-cystatin F). Additionally, rLm-cystatin F could inhibit the activity of papain. Based on MTT assay, rLm-cystatin F inhibited the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) dose dependently with an IC50 of 5 μM. In vitro studies show that rLm-cystatin F suppressed the adhesion, migration, invasion, and tube formation of HUVECs, suggesting that rLm-cystatin F possesses anti-angiogenic activity, which provides information on the feeding mechanisms of Lampetra morii and insights into the application of rLm-cystatin F as a potential drug in the future.
Time to reconsider how ventilation is regulated above the respiratory compensation point during incremental exercise

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The regulation of ventilation during incremental exercise beyond the respiratory compensation point (RCP) has traditionally been attributed to metabolic acidosis-driven stimulation of chemoreceptors. However, emerging evidence suggests that this explanation may be incomplete. In this review, we analyze the ventilatory response above RCP, emphasizing the disproportionate increase in minute ventilation (\(\dot{V}_E\)) relative to carbon dioxide output (\(\dot{V}_{CO_2}\)). We propose that this response is primarily driven by a nonlinear increase in respiratory frequency (\(f_R\)), rather than tidal volume (\(V_T\)). This distinction challenges conventional models of ventilatory control and suggests that mechanisms beyond metabolic acidosis, such as cortical drive and sensory feedback, may play a more significant role in modulating ventilation during high-intensity exercise. A re-evaluation of ventilatory regulation incorporating these factors could enhance our understanding of exercise physiology and improve interpretations of ventilatory thresholds in both research and clinical settings.
Phenotypic and genotypic differences of the vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates from humans and poultry in Korea.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A total of 98 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) isolates (58 isolates from patients and 40 isolates from poultry) were compared based on their antimicrobial susceptibility, Tn1546 element organization, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns. This comparison aided in determining the relationships between the groups of isolates. All the VREF isolates harbored the vanA gene; however, 29 (29.6%) of the isolates exhibited the VanB phenotype-vanA genotype. Furthermore, the VREF isolates from humans and poultry exhibited distinct antimicrobial resistance patterns. The PCR mapping of the Tn1546 elements exhibited 12 different transposon types (A to L). The VREF isolates of poultry were classified into types A to D, whereas the human isolates were classified into types E to L. A PFGE analysis demonstrated a high degree of clonal heterogeneity in both groups of isolates; however, the distinct VREF clones appeared in each group of isolates. The deletion of the vanX-vanY genes or insertion of IS1216V in the intergenic region from the vanX-vanY genes is directly associated with the incongruence of the VanB phenotype-vanA genotype in human VREF isolates. These data suggest that the VREF isolates exhibit distinct phenotypic and genotypic traits according to their origins, which suggests that no evidence exists to substantiate the clonal spread or transfer of vancomycin resistance determinants between humans and poultry.
Application of Straw and Biopreparations as a Sustainable Method for Increasing the Organic Carbon Content and Chemical, Physical, and Biological Soil Properties in Spring Barley Culture

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Increasing climate change, through its impact on the economy, results in measures to reduce its negative effects. In agriculture, the expected positive effects may come from the implementation of practices with high carbon sequestration potential (e.g., straw incorporation). The idea of using straw as an energy feedstock requires an in-depth analysis of the impact of this practice on the organic carbon content of arable soils. Straw incorporation combined with the use of biopreparations can provide an attractive alternative to conventional fertilization and plant protection systems. This study aimed to assess the effect of straw, effective microorganisms preparation, and biostimulant on the physicochemical and biological soil parameters. The analyses included organic carbon, available P, K, and Mg, total and mineral nitrogen content, pH, bulk density, soil penetration resistance, and the number of soil-culturable heterotrophic bacteria, actinobacteria, and fungi determination. It was found that straw and EM addition resulted in the highest SOC content. Statistically lower values of bulk density and soil penetration resistance were also observed after straw incorporation. The results of our research revealed that, while the addition of straw beneficially affects soil quality, the impact of biopreparations application on soil parameters varies depending on the experimental combination used.
Factores que inhiben la movilización social: el caso del área petroquímica de Tarragona

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Research into risk perception has been typically focused on the study of social conflicts motivated by potentially dangerous technologies and events. However, in this article an attempt is made to understand why, in certain cases, the population exposed to an obvious risk are not actively mobilised and do not protest against it. Based on a case study in the petrochemical area of Tarragona, the population?s perception and practices in connection with risk are analysed by using data from a series of focus groups (8) and a questionnaire survey (N = 400). The results allow us to disregard unawareness of risk as a reason, and to assess the importance of the perceived benefits from exposure to risk, as well as to understand the fundamental role of trust and dependency that are embedded in a social and institutional context characterised by a marked asymmetry in power relations.
Japan and Australia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Japan and Australia Get access WEST OF THE PACIFIC by ELLSWORTH HUNTINGTON. Pp. 453, price $4.50. Charles Scribner's Sons, 1925. George M. Darrow George M. Darrow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 17, Issue 8, August 1926, Pages 294–295, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a102737 Published: 01 August 1926
Figure 39 from: Caterino M, Tishechkin A (2013) A systematic revision of Operclipygus Marseul (Coleoptera, Histeridae, Exosternini). ZooKeys 271: 1-401. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.271.4062

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Figure 39 - Operclipygus hospes group. A Dorsal habitus of Operclipygus diffluens B Pygidia of Operclipygus diffluens C Dorsal habitus of Operclipygus confluens D Pygidia of Operclipygus confluens E Dorsal habitus of Operclipygus fusistrius F Pygidia of Operclipygus fusistrius G Elytral striae of Operclipygus fusistrius.
Chapter 8 Anaesthesia for major abdominal surgery in the elderly

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

• Emergency abdominal surgery is the highest risk for mortality in the elderly.• Assessment of dehydration is imperative.• Direct (intra-arterial) monitoring of blood pressure is necessary.• Effective analgesia improves outcome.• Only experienced anaesthetists should manage emergency abdominal surgical cases.• Not all abdominal pain is surgically treatable.• Fluid losses are very common and may be difficult to measure.• Temperature loss is universal.• Nitrous oxide causes bowel distension and should be avoided.
Uzbekistan : Trapped in a perpetual cycle of violence.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Uzbekistan gained independence following the break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991. Islam Karimov then emerged as the new nation's founding father. He championed a revival of ancient Uzbek culture while engineering a modern "Uzbek path" which would steer Uzbekistan into the prosperous future. Karimov early defended a strong leadership as a necessity in the fragile nation-building process.
The origin of the ustash-domobran movement and its program documents

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article is devoted to the emergence of the Ustash-Domobran movement and analysis of its main program documents. The author is at the same time considered it as a national Croatian movement and as the main military force of opponents of the Yugoslav regime led by Ante Pavelic. The article deals specifically with the period of its activity in emigration. A comparative description of different versions of the date of the formation of the Ustashes was made: from the evidence of the direct eyewitnesses of the mentioned events (memories of Ante Pavelic) to modern concepts (Tomislav Jonich). The author analyzes the program documents (the "The Charter", "The Ustash-domobran principles" and many "Prescriptions") in accordance with the rules of the national Croatian movement indicated in them. Thus, features of ideology, political views, attitude to the entire Croatian people and other nations, the state structure of the future Croatia, as well as the main features of military discipline in the Ustash army, the appearance of the members of the movement and their behavior relative to each other and enemies were revealed. In addition, the main idea is to prove the Croats’ right to own large areas in the Balkans. Looking through the documents, one can come to the conclusion that the Ustash movement from the very beginning was striving for the formation of an independent Croatian state. The article covers the first stage of the struggle of the Ustashes on the way to its goal.
Age‐Related Parkinsonian Signs in Microdeletion 22q11.2

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The recurrent hemizygous 22q11.2 deletion associated with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome has been identified as a genetic risk factor for early‐onset PD. However, little is known about early motor signs in this condition. Objectives We examined the presence, severity and possible factors associated with parkinsonism in adults with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and without PD. Methods We compared motor signs between 82 adults with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and 25 healthy controls, using the MDS‐UPDRS part III, and three‐dimensional motion‐tracker technology to quantify components of bradykinesia. Results Median MDS‐UPDRS part III total and bradykinesia subscores were significantly higher in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (median age: 26 years; range, 17–65) than in controls ( P = 0.000; P = 0.000, respectively). Age was a significant contributor to bradykinesia subscore ( B = 0.06; P = 0.01) and to the electronic bradykinesia component, velocity ( B = –0.02; P = 0.000); psychotic illness did not significantly impact these analyses. In 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, MDS‐UPDRS–defined bradykinesia was present in 18.3%, rigidity in 14.6%, and rest tremor in 12.2%. Conclusions Parkinsonian motor signs appear to be common and age related in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Longitudinal studies are needed to investigate possible symptom progression to PD. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Examples of <i>T. turnerae</i> secreted carbohydrate active enzymes and associated proteins<sup>*</sup>.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

*<p>As determined by 2-D LC MS/MS on spent culture medium (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0006085#s3" target="_blank">methods</a>). Abbreviations: number of amino acid residues (AA), molecular weight (MW), predicted protein localization (LOC), secreted (S), lipoprotein (L), sucrose (SUC), carboxymethycellulose (CMC), and SigmaCell (SIG).</p>
The Awakening of the Social Conscience: Jane Maud Campbell, 1869–1947

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Jane Maud Campbell’s career demonstrated her commitment and passion for library services with immigrants and minorities as one of the first advocates for multiculturalism in librarianship. She began her career working in the Newark Public Library and soon was employed as the librarian of the Passaic Public Library. She was the first woman employed by a state library commission to serve the needs of immigrants in Massachusetts. A prolific writer and champion of immigrants’ rights within the American Library Association, she served for a brief time on the ALA Committee on Work with the Foreign Born in its initial years. She spent the later years of her career as a public librarian in Lynchburg, Virginia, during a period of segregation in the South. She worked around the edges of the law to make library service available to the African American community of Lynchburg.
Systemic gemcitabine combined with intra-arterial low-dose cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: Seven cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The combination of intra-arterial low-dose cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is effective against advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Systemic gemcitabine chemotherapy seems effective in many cancers. We report the results of combination therapy with systemic gemcitabine, intra-arterial low-dose cisplatin and 5-FU (GEMFP). Seven patients with non-resectable advanced HCC were treated with GEMFP. One course of chemotherapy consisted of daily intra-arterial cisplatin (20 mg/body weight/hour on d 1, 10 mg/body weight per 0.5 h on d 2-5 and 8-12), followed by 5-FU (250 mg/body weight per 5 h on d 1-5 and 8-12) via an injection port. Gemcitabine at 1000 mg/m(2) was administered intravenously at 0.5 h on d 1 and 8. The objective response was 57%. The response to GEMFP was as follows: complete response (no patients), partial response (four patients), stable disease (three patients), and progressive disease (no patients). The median survival period was 8 mo (range, 5-55). With regard to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI-CTC) grade 3 or 4 adverse reactions, seven (100%), seven, six (86%) and one (14%) patients developed leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and anemia, respectively. GEMFP may potentially be effective for non-resectable advanced HCC, but it has severe hematologic toxicity.