jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Early History of the Republican Party, 1854-1856

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Early History of the Republican Party, 1854–1856. By Andrew Wallace Crandall. (Boston: The Gorham Press, 1930. 313 pp. $3.00.) Get access James A. Woodburn James A. Woodburn Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 18, Issue 1, June 1931, Pages 93–95, https://doi.org/10.2307/1897458 Published: 01 June 1931
POTRET CHINATOWN SINGAPORE SEBAGAI IKON WISATA BELANJA BERSEJARAH

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Singapore’s historic Chinatown is a bustling mix of old and ne, filled with traditional shops and market as well as cool stores and cafes. Chinatown in Singapore is a sharp contrast to the rest of the city, with low rise buildings and culture bursting out into the streets, from the fragrant smells of traditional cuisine to the bold red and gold tones that run through the neighbourhood. This is an area that’s proud of is heritage, and has it very much on display. There are ornate Chinese, Buddhist and Hindu temples, museum galore and plenty of opportunities to soak up the bustling streets lined with old shophouses.
Buying in specialist time or buying out generalist time for practice development

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract This paper is a description of two approaches to the implementation of an end of life integrated care pathway in the north east of England. It draws on an evaluation of the introduction of the pathway to explore the transference of knowledge held by the specialist palliative care team to local ownership by primary health care team members. It reports a successful practice development change and details how neighbouring primary care trusts developed two models for managing the resources of time and expertise. One opted to buy in specialist practitioner time, the other to buy out generalist time. The paper focuses on the lessons learned from these two experiences of facilitation of change. There is already a literature base detailing factors influencing successful care pathway implementation. This discussion adds another dimension to this literature in exploring how a range of success criteria is packaged in two different approaches to practice development. The resource of time is a central factor in achieving practice development success. However, buying time resource should not be seen as a panacea to overcoming practice development barriers. Other factors such as clear leadership, good education and communication are also required to provide an environment conducive to facilitating practice development. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effects of Didactic Instruction and Performance Feedback on Paraeducator Implementation of Behavior Support Strategies in Inclusive Settings

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Many paraeducators have no formal education beyond high school and are provided with minimal training once on the job. Furthermore, as more schools turn to inclusionary practices, the impetus for highly qualified paraeducators becomes more important. However, little research has examined efficient ways to train paraeducators who work in inclusive classrooms. Through an adapted alternating treatments design (AATD), the general and comparative effects of two prominent training approaches were assessed: didactic instruction and performance feedback. Analysis of these approaches on paraeducators’ use of positive behavior support strategies in inclusive settings revealed that with an equal amount of training time for each approach, performance feedback consistently produced stronger immediate and maintained effects than didactic instruction.
Simultaneous Determination of Emamectin and Ivermectin Residues in Atlantic Salmon Muscle by Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract A liquid chromatographic (LC) method for determining residues of the antiparasitic drugs emamectin (EMA) and ivermectin (IVR) in fish tissues has been developed. EMA and IVR residues are extracted with acetonitrile and cleaned up on a C18 solid-phase extraction column. Extracts are derivatized with 1-methylimidazole and trifluoroacetic anhydride and the components are determined by LC on a C18 reversed-phase column with fluorescence detection (excitation: 365 nm, emission: 470 nm). The mobile phase is 94% acetonitrile–water run isocratically. Calibration curves were linear between 1 and 32 ng injected for both EMA and IVR. The limit of detection for both analytes was 0.5 ng/g, with a limit of quantitation of 1.5 ng/g. Recoveries of EMA and IVR added to salmon muscle averaged 96 ± 9% and 86 ± 6%, respectively, at levels between 5 and 80 ng/g. The percent relative standard deviation for the described method was less than 7% over the range of concentrations studied. The operational errors, interferences, and recoveries for fortified samples compare favorably with an established IVR method. The recommended method is simple, rapid, and specific for monitoring residues of EMA and IVR in Atlantic salmon muscle.
Relationship between intracranial arterial calcification and serum alkaline phosphatase levels

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: In this study, whether there is a relationship between serum ALP levels and intracranial arterial calcification was investigated. METHODS: Here, 504 patients who applied to our hospital were included. These patients were divided into two main groups by whether they had intracranial arterial calcification (IAC) or not. Those with calcifications were divided into two subgroups (mild-moderate and severe calcifications) according to the their IAC burden. To calculate IAC burden on non-contrast brain CT, calcifications that were less than 50% of the intracranial vessels wall were assigned one point; and calcifications that were equal to or more than 50% were assigned two points for each artery (ICA, MCA, ACA, PCA, VA and BA) evaluated. Those with IAC burden less than three points were interpreted as mild-to-moderate calcification and those with more than or equal to 3 points were interpreted as severe calcification. Demographic characteristics, stroke risk factors, ALP levels and IAC burden of all groups were compared. The results were evaluated with chi-square, two independent samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis and Spearman's rho tests. Binary logistic regression analysis was also performed. RESULTS: In this study, the average ALP level of the group with calcification (88,2 +- 28 U/L) was higher than the group of without calcification (60,4 +- 17,2 U/L) (p &lt;0,05). The average ALP level of severe calcification group (90,5 +- 28,4 U/L) was higher than the average ALP level of mild to moderate calcification group (78,4 +- 24 U/L) (p &lt;0,001). Stroke risk factors were significantly different between these groups. The patients with stroke risk factors had significantly higher ALP levels. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Serum ALP levels were significantly higher in patients with IAC. IAC and ALP levels were higher in patients with high stroke risks. The presence of IAC and ALP elevations may be a predictor of increased stroke risk.
Tropical green roofs vegetation dynamics data

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This publication contains data collected in 2017 from three green roofs at the International Institute of Tropical Forestry in San Juan, Puerto Rico and one green roof at the Social Sciences Faculty of the University of Puerto Rico in Río Piedras. Data from these extensive green roofs include substrate depth as well as species counts within a sampled quadrant, as well as species identification information.
The data presented here were collected as part of a Master's Thesis by Grullón–Penkova (2017). The purpose of this study was to determine design considerations, a list of potential species for green roof design, and an idea of information that is lacking which could enlarge our knowledge of green roofs as novel ecosystems that serve as mitigation tools in our modern society.
The English School’s Approach to International Law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

One of the defining features of the English School is the emphasis it places on normative rules, and in particular the rules of international law. Yet the position of the English School on international law has nowhere been properly set out. The first purpose of this chapter is to provide a fairly detailed account of the English School's position on international law. I do this with reference to those members of the 'classic' English School who have been most concerned to explore the nature of international law and its place in international society: C. A. W. Manning, Hedley Bull, and Alan James. There are few, if any, better introductions to the role of international law in international relations. The accounts provided by Manning, Bull and James are systematic and precise. They are also highly accessible; they presuppose no more than a basic knowledge of international law—its sources, scope, and some of the controversies surrounding it. They similarly presuppose only a basic knowledge of modern international affairs and international theory. They eschew all unnecessary jargon. Admittedly, the idiosyncratic style of Manning is not to everyone's taste. But while the mode of expression may be unfamiliar, no specialist knowledge is needed to decipher it, only patience and a reasonably alert intelligence.
Distributed cooperative decision-making in multiarmed bandits: Frequentist and Bayesian algorithms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We study distributed cooperative decision-making under the explore-exploit tradeoff in the multiarmed bandit (MAB) problem. We extend the state-of-the-art frequentist and Bayesian algorithms for single-agent MAB problems to cooperative distributed algorithms for multi-agent MAB problems in which agents communicate according to a fixed network graph. We rely on a running consensus algorithm for each agent's estimation of mean rewards from its own rewards and the estimated rewards of its neighbors. We prove the performance of these algorithms and show that they asymptotically recover the performance of a centralized agent. Further, we rigorously characterize the influence of the communication graph structure on the decision-making performance of the group.
Applying Larson's Model To Assess the Quality of Two Translations of Antony Hope's Novel The Prisoner of Zenda into Arabic

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates the quality of two translations of Antony Hope's" Prisoner of Zenda" novel by applying Larson's model. This novel is rendered into Arabic by two translators in different places and times. The model has three significant criteria that can be employed to assess the quality of translated works including "accuracy, clarity and naturalness". They are considered important indicators of translation quality that can be used to assess the translation and assure that they are appropriately employed. To assess the two translations, the researchers apply each criterion to three excerpts taken from the novel and assess their translation and to what extent the source texts are appropriately rendered.
Effects Of Combined Balance And Resistance Exercises On Fall Incidence In Frail Older Adults

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The consequence of falls in older adults is becoming a major public health problem. PURPOSE To determine the effect of a combined balance exercise (BE) and resistance exercise (RE) program on fall incidence and fall related fitness variables (FRV) in a group of Japanese older adults. METHODS Twenty five community dwelling frail volunteers (12 men and 13 women, 73 ± 6 yr) participated in a 12-wk of simultaneous supervised (1 d/wk, 60 min/day) center-based training (10 min of warm-up, 30 min of BE, 20 min of self body weight-based and band-based RE, and 10 min of cool-down) and unsupervised home-based training (at least 2 d/wk). BE was performed while standing on the floor (first 4 wk) and then progressed to standing on foam pads of different compliances with the aim of challenging the physiological systems that maintain balance. FRV was evaluated by measuring muscular strength (arm curl, AC; chair stand, CS), trunk flexibility (back scratch, BS; sit and reach, SR), and balance (limits of stability [LOS] while moving one's center of gravity in a given direction) in all participants before and after the intervention. Components of LOS (endpoint excursion [EPE], and maximum excursion [MXE]) were evaluated in eight different directions by a computerized balance assessment device, and the composite value of each component (EPEcomp and MXEcomp) was used for analysis. Fall incidence in pre-exercise (3 months period) and post-exercise (3 months period) period was studied by a questionnaire survey. RESULTS After 12 wk of training, fall incidence reduced significantly from 58% to 16%; significant improvement was noted in EPEcomp (15%), MXEcomp (8%), AC (13%), CS (16%), BS (18%), and a tendency in improvement (63%, p=0.056) in SR. CONCLUSION These results indicate that combined balance and resistance training is effective in reducing fall incidence and improving fall related fitness variables in frail older adults. Supported by the Grants-in-for Scientific Research of MEXT Japan, Univers Foundation, and Hirose Town Hall grants.
Major Shifts in Classical Tafsīr: From Early Exegesis to the Rise of al-Shurūḥ wa-l Ḥawāshī

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study explores the turning points in the historical development of Qur’ānic exegesis, from its very beginning to the period of annotations and super-commentaries (al-shurūḥ wa-l-ḥawāshī) from the 6th/12th century onwards, using comparative analysis and descriptive content methods, focusing on subfields like the “Nīshāpūr circle,” the “al-Kashshāf tradition,” and “al-Shurūḥ wa-l-Ḥāwāshī” literature. To better understand the formation and transformation of classical tafsīr, however, it is essential to move beyond this simplistic view and trace the transformative paradigms. This study proposes an attempt at such a tracing process, which further and more specific studies should enrich. One of the key transformation points identified in this study is the contribution of al-Ṭabarī and his contemporaries, marking the end of the early period and the transition to comprehensive exegetical writing. The transformative impact of the Nishapurī circle of tafsīr can also be evaluated within this framework. The “al-Kashshāf tradition”, an area whose significance has been somewhat understood in Turkish literature but has yet to be fully appreciated in international Qur’ānic studies, is also brought to the forefront in this article for its transformative role. Moreover, the contributions of Muʿtazilite thought, particularly its influence on Sunni kalām and subsequently on the discipline of rhetoric, and the transformation of tafsīr in the sixth century of the Hijri with the influence of rhetoric are of particular important in the same context. Examining all of these major transformations from a panoramic perspective, this research engages critically with the corpus of Western Qur’ānic studies and proposes enriching this body of work with the developments in Turkish tafsīr literature.
On the single-server queue with the preemptive-resume last-come–first-served queue discipline

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The paper considers the GI/G/ 1 queueing system under the assumption of a last-come–first-served queue discipline, where each customer begins service immediately upon his arrival. At the next arrival, the previous service is interrupted but no loss of service is involved. It has been shown that when the system is considered exclusively at arrival epochs or exclusively at departure epochs, then the equilibrium distribution of the queue-size is geometric, while the remaining durations of the corresponding services are independent random variables each one distributed as the idle period in the dual (inverse) queue. In this paper alternative simpler proofs of the above results are given.
The variable light curve of the X-ray transient EXO 0748 - 676

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

An optical light curve of the 3.8 hr eclipsing X-ray transient EXO 0748 - 676 was obtained in November 1985. The curve differs in shape from one observed in February 1985, although the overall brightness of the nova has not changed noticeably. No (B - V) color variation is found in the orbital cycle. Evidence is presented that one optical burst was observed. Possible interpretations of the variable light curve are discussed.
Bluetongue Virus NS4 Protein Is an Interferon Antagonist and a Determinant of Virus Virulence

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Bluetongue virus (BTV) is the causative agent of bluetongue, a major infectious disease of ruminants with serious consequences to both animal health and the economy. The clinical outcome of BTV infection is highly variable and dependent on a variety of factors related to both the virus and the host. In this study, we show that the BTV nonstructural protein NS4 favors viral replication in sheep, the animal species most affected by bluetongue. In addition, NS4 confers a replication advantage on the virus in interferon (IFN)-competent primary sheep endothelial cells and immortalized cell lines. We determined that in cells infected with an NS4 deletion mutant (BTV8ΔNS4), there is increased synthesis of type I IFN compared to cells infected with wild-type BTV-8. In addition, using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), we show that NS4 modulates the host IFN response and downregulates mRNA levels of type I IFN and interferon-stimulated genes. Moreover, using reporter assays and protein synthesis assays, we show that NS4 downregulates the activities of a variety of promoters, such as the cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter, the IFN-β promoter, and a promoter containing interferon-stimulated response elements (ISRE). We also show that the NS4 inhibitory activity on gene expression is related to its nucleolar localization. Furthermore, NS4 does not affect mRNA splicing or cellular translation. The data obtained in this study strongly suggest that BTV NS4 is an IFN antagonist and a key determinant of viral virulence. IMPORTANCE Bluetongue is one of the main infectious diseases of ruminants and is caused by bluetongue virus (BTV), an arthropod-borne virus transmitted from infected to susceptible animals by Culicoides biting midges. Bluetongue has a variable clinical outcome that can be related to both virus and host factors. It is therefore critical to understand the interplay between BTV and the host immune responses. In this study, we show that a nonstructural protein of BTV (NS4) is critical to counteract the innate immune response of the host. Infection of cells with a BTV mutant lacking NS4 results in increased synthesis of IFN-β and upregulation of interferon-stimulated genes. In addition, we show that NS4 is a virulence factor for BTV by favoring viral replication in sheep, the animal species most susceptible to bluetongue.
L. DOSSEY, PEASANT AND EMPIRE IN CHRISTIAN NORTH AFRICA (The Transformation of the Classical Heritage 47). Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010. Pp. xix + 376, illus. isbn9780520254398. £47.95. - C. GREY, CONSTRUCTING COMMUNITIES IN THE LATE ROMAN COUNTRYSIDE. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011. Pp. 284. isbn9781107011625. £66.00.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

L. DOSSEY, PEASANT AND EMPIRE IN CHRISTIAN NORTH AFRICA (The Transformation of the Classical Heritage 47). Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010. Pp. xix + 376, illus. isbn9780520254398. £47.95. - C. GREY, CONSTRUCTING COMMUNITIES IN THE LATE ROMAN COUNTRYSIDE. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011. Pp. 284. isbn9781107011625. £66.00. - Volume 104
Abstract PO-078: Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of highly-multiplexed IHC images via antigen mapping

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Recently developed technologies for digital imaging and highly multiplexed immunohistochemistry (mIHC) are enabling complex quantitative descriptions of tissue architecture. Imaging mass cytometry, multiplexed ion beam imaging, and co-detection by indexing can be used to profile the expression of dozens of proteins in a tissue section with single-cell resolution. Despite this progress, the amount of cell types and states that can be simultaneously identified by mIHC in a tissue section is still limited. Standard methods for identifying cell populations cluster cells according to expression similarities of the profiled antigens. These clusters are then manually annotated using previous knowledge of cell population markers. However, this is generally a partial, subjective, and biased process. Clusters often differ little in their antigenic profile and the interpretation of those differences is unclear. Moreover, the design of comprehensive antibody panels that include specific markers for every cell type and state present in the tissue is usually unfeasible. To overcome these limitations and increase the level of annotation of mIHC data, we propose an approach for enriching mIHC slides with single-cell RNA-seq data. Currently available single-cell RNA-seq technologies profile the expression of thousands of genes in each cell, allowing researchers to finely classify cells based on their gene expression profile. Some of the most recent approaches, like CITE-seq, REAP-seq, and Ab-seq, allow augmenting single-cell transcriptomes with concurrent protein measurements by staining dissociated cells with oligo-tagged antibodies. These approaches can be therefore used to determine the quantitative relation between gene and antigen expression levels. Here, we build upon CITE-seq and computational methods for the integration of single-cell omics data to identify and annotate cell populations in mIHC images in an automated way based on single-cell gene expression data from the same tissue. Our method, Spatially-resolved Transcriptomics via Epitope Anchoring (STvEA), performs transcriptome-guided annotation of mIHC datasets. It increases the phenotypic resolution of histological analyses by enabling annotation of subtle cell populations, spatial patterns of transcription, and interactions between cell types. We use the murine spleen as a test system to benchmark the stability and performance of STvEA and demonstrate its utility by using it to annotate published CODEX and CyTOF datasets of this organ. Citation Format: Kiya W. Govek, Emma C. Troisi, Zhen Miao, Steven Woodhouse, Pablo G. Camara. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of highly-multiplexed IHC images via antigen mapping [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Tumor Heterogeneity: From Single Cells to Clinical Impact; 2020 Sep 17-18. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(21 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-078.
Beleid in Transities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The SWOME/KSI Markdag is a joint inititative of SWOME, KSI and the Ministry of VROM. This day aims to bring together social scientists and policy-makers working on issues such as nature conservation and the environment. By facilitating a dialogue, we wish to establish a fruitful interaction between science and policy. The SWOME/KSI Markdag 2006 is particularly aimed at discussing issues related to the concept of transitions, seeking to discuss the issues and problems encountered by both scientists and policy-makers.