jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Red blood cell aggredation: mechanisms, adrenergic regulation].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Red blood cell aggregation is a complex multiple-factor process and exerts a substantial effect on realization of basic blood function: oxygen transport. Insufficient knowledge about mechanisms of erythrocyte aggregation in normal conditions and, especially, in pathological conditions, complicates the control and correction of possible negative consequences of this process. On addition, red blood cell aggregation process is a suitable model for the elucidation of basic patterns of intercellular interactions. The paper presents contemporary data on mechanisms of erythrocyte aggregation and contribution of plasma and membrane erythrocyte properties to this process. Currently available data on intracellular signal pathways are discussed.
[Gingival fluid cytokine profile in patients after dental implantation and by periimplantitis].

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The study included 32 patients with complications which have developed 3 months to 14 years after dental implants placement. ELISA method was used to assess cytokines content in various sites of tooth alignment in patients with Herpesviridae and periodontopathogenics bacteria associated periimplantitis. The results prove the necessity for Herpesviridae and selected bacteria monitoring after dental implantation.
Peer Review #2 of "Origin identification of migratory pests (European Starling) using geochemical fingerprinting (v0.2)"

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The European Starling (Sturnidae: Sturnus vulgaris L.) is an invasive bird in North America where it is an agricultural pest.In British Columbia (Canada), the starling population increases in orchards and vineyards in autumn, where they consume and damage ripening fruits.Starlings also cause damage in dairy farms and feedlots by consuming and contaminating food and spreading diseases.Damage can be partly mitigated by the use of scare devices, which can disperse flocks until they become habituated.Large-scale trapping and euthanizing before starlings move to fields and farms could be a practical means of preventing damage, but requires knowledge of natal origin.Within a small (20,831 km 2 ), agriculturally significant portion of south-central BritishColumbia, the Okanagan-Similkameen region, we used 21 trace elements in bone tissue to discriminate the spatial distribution of juvenile starlings and to reveal the geographic origin of the problem birds in fall.Stepwise discriminant analysis of trace elements classified juveniles to their natal origin (minimum discrimination distance of 12km) with 79% accuracy.In vineyards and orchards, the majority (55%) of problem birds derive from northern portions of the valley;and the remaining 45% of problem birds were a mixture of local and immigrant/unassigned birds.In contrast, problem birds in dairy farms and feedlots were largely immigrants/unassigned (89%) and 11% were local from northern region of the valley.Moreover, elemental signatures can separate starling populations in the Valley yielding a promising tool for identifying the geographic origin of these migratory birds.
Attenuating mutations in the poliovirus 5' untranslated region alter its interaction with polypyrimidine tract-binding protein

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mutations in the 5' untranslated regions (5'-UTRs) of all three serotypes of the Sabin vaccine strains are known to be major determinants of the attenuation phenotype. To further understand the functional basis of the attenuation phenotype caused by mutations in the 5'-UTR, we studied their effects on viral replication, translation, and the interaction of the viral RNA with cell proteins. A mutation at base 472 (C472U), which attenuates neurovirulence in primates and mice, was previously found to reduce viral replication and translation in neuroblastoma cells but not in HeLa cells. This mutation reduced cross-linking of the poliovirus 5'-UTR to polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (pPTB) in neuroblastoma cells but not in HeLa cells. These defects were absent in a neurovirulent virus with C at nucleotide 472. When C472U and an additional mutation, G482A, were introduced into the 5'-UTR, the resulting virus was more attenuated, had a replication and translation defect in both HeLa cells and neuroblastoma cells, and cross-linked poorly to pPTB from both cell types. A neurovirulent revertant of this virus (carrying U472C, G482A, and C529U) no longer had a replication defect in HeLa and SH-SY5Y cell lines and cross-linked with pPTB to wild-type levels. The results suggest that the attenuating effects of the mutation C472U may result from an impaired interaction of the 5'-UTR with pPTB in neural cells, which reduces viral translation and replication. Introduction of a second mutation, G482A, into the 5'-UTR extends this defect to HeLa cells.
Geologic assessments and characterization of marine sand resources - Gulf of Mexico region

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The U.S. Geological Survey conducts geologic surveys and research in marine areas of the United States and its territories and possessions. An objective in some of the investigations is locating and evaluating marine sand and gravel resources and interpretation of the origins of the sand body deposits. Results from such studies over the past 30 years show that many extremely large deposits are located close to expanding metropolitan areas, which have a need for aggregate materials for construction, and near-developed coastal areas, where beach replenishment may be used to mitigate coastal erosion. The Gulf of Mexico continental shelf from the Florida Peninsula to the Mexico border is an enormous area, but little attention has been directed on sand and gravel resources. Based on limited surveys, the total sand and gravel resources for the entire Gulf of Mexico is estimated to be 269 billion cubic meters. However, the sand tends to be fine-grained and is often mixed with mud; gravel deposits, except for shell, are mostly nonexistent.
COMBINED SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL IMAGING OF FORM PERCEPTION:AN fMRI+ERP STUDY

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The present study integrated functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and event-related potentials (ERP) to identify and characterize the spatio-temporal pattern of brain activation at the ventral visual pathway areas underlying form discrimination. The fMRI results indicated significant activation in the ventral areas GTi/GF(the inferior temporal gyrus / the fusiform gyrus). The convergent results derived from the source analysis of fMRI-seeded and moving dipole modeling and from the source waveforms of fixed dipole modeling consistently suggested that the fMRI activation foci GTi/GF were the major source localization of the N1 component and were activated during the time window of 132-176ms with peak latency at about 150ms. These findings provided multi-methodological evidence for the brain activation pattern of form perception in terms of both functional localization and time dependence.
Anti-microbial properties of Rosa damascene: A Bibliometric Study

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Introduction: Increasing antibiotic resistance in microorganisms and the advantages that natural compounds have over synthetic chemicals led to more investigation of plant resources. Rosa damascena is one of the valuable species of the Rosaceae family that has different therapeutic effects. This review studies the antimicrobial effects of R. damascene and its derivation in the prevention and treatment of infectious disease and bibliometric analysis at the family level.
Methods: Data collection was done from Scopus and Web of Science databases and after choosing the database that published the most data, the information was analyzed by VOSviewer and Bibliometrix-package.
Results: The results of most research show the antimicrobial effect of this plant against human pathogens. The bibliometric results of 412 searched documents also revealed that most of the published documents belong to the countries of China, Iran and Turkey. The process of publishing documents over the years has generally increased and the keyword "Rosaceae" has been used more than others.
Conclusion: In this review article, scientific documents related to the role of R. damascene and its derivation showed this plant have potential in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases such as dental caries, periodontal diseases. https://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-188-en.html#
Acute and chronic un-ionized ammonia toxicity to 'all-fish' growth hormone transgenic common carp(Cyprinus carpio L.)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Ammonia is toxic to fish in natural and artificial waters.We evaluated the acute(96 h) and chronic(21 d) toxicity of un-ionized ammonia to GH transgenic common carp(Cyprinus carpio L.) and non-transgenic common carp using a static-renewal bioassay.The 24,48,72 and 96 h median lethal concentrations(LC50) of un-ionized ammonia were slightly lower in transgenic carp(2.64,2.44,2.28 and 2.16 mg N/L,respectively) than in non-transgenic carp(2.70,2.64,2.52 and 2.33 mg N/L,respectively).Similarly,the median lethal time(LT50) was significantly shorter for transgenic carp(1.41,7.91 and 117.42 h) than for non-transgenic common carp(2.53,14.06 and 150.44 h) following exposure to 3.86,3.29,or 2.09 mg N/L,respectively.Moreover,the mortality of transgenic carp was significantly higher than that of non-transgenic carp at all un-ionized ammonia concentrations((0.91 ± 0.12),(0.48 ± 0.06) and(0.12 ± 0.01) mg N/L) during the 21 d chronic toxicity test.Our results suggest that GH transgenic carp are less tolerant of unionized ammonia than non-transgenic carp.Our data are useful for evaluating potential environmental risk,optimizing stocking density in intensive aquaculture and establishing water quality criteria for ammonia in aquaculture.
Risk of Recurrent Peptic Ulcer Disease in Patients Receiving Cumulative Defined Daily Dose of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this population-based case–control study was to clarify the impact of cumulative dosage of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on recurrent peptic ulcers among chronic users after Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication. We analyzed data of 203,407 adult peptic ulcer disease (PUD) patients from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan entered between 1997 and 2013. After matching for age/gender frequencies and the length of follow-up time in a ratio of 1:1, the matched case–control groups comprised 1150 patients with recurrent PUD and 1150 patients without recurrent PUD within 3 years of follow-up. More recurrent PUDs occurred in NSAID users than in the control group (75.30% versus 69.74%; p = 0.0028). Independent risk factors for recurrent PUD included patients using NSAIDs (adjusted OR (aOR): 1.34, p = 0.0040), H. pylori eradication (aOR: 2.73; p < 0.0001), concomitant H2 receptor antagonist (aOR: 1.85; p < 0.0001) and anti-coagulant (aOR: 4.21; p = 0.0242) use. Importantly, in the initial subgroup analysis, the risk ratio of recurrent PUD did not increase in NSAID users after H. pylori eradication compared with that in non-users (p = 0.8490) but a higher risk for recurrent PUD with the increased doses of NSAIDs without H. pylori eradication therapy (aOR: 1.24, p = 0.0424; aOR: 1.47, p = 0.0074; and aOR: 1.64, p = 0.0152 in the groups of ≤28, 29–83, and ≥84 cumulative defined daily doses, respectively). The current study suggested that H. pylori eradication therapy could decrease the risk of recurrent PUD among patients with high cumulative doses of NSAIDs.
On the Effects of Team Size and Communication Load on the Performance in Exploration Games

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

<p>Exploration games are games where agents (or robots) need to search resources and retrieve these resources. In principle, performance in such games can be improved either by adding more agents or by exchanging more messages. However, both measures are not free of cost and it is important to be able to assess the trade-off between these costs and the potential performance gain. The focus of this paper is on improving our understanding of the performance gain that can be achieved either by adding more agents or by increasing the communication load. Performance gain moreover is studied by taking several other important factors into account such as environment topology and size, resource-redundancy, and task size. Our results suggest that there does not exist a decision function that dominates all other decision functions, i.e. is optimal for all conditions. Instead we find that (i) for different team sizes and communication strategies different agent decision functions perform optimal, and that (ii) optimality of decision functions also depends on environment and task parameters. We also find that it pays off to optimize for environment topologies.</p>
Glottic reconstruction after hemilaryngectomy: Bipedicle muscle flap laryngoplasty

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This paper presents the techniques for glottic reconstruction after partial laryngectomy using a bipedicle muscle/perichondrial flap. The use of this technique extends the scope of lesions amenable to conservation surgery and maximizes the postoperative laryngeal function in terms of satisfactory phonation, respiration, and deglutition.
Use of a cell sorter for assays of cell clonogenicity.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A fluorescence-activated cell sorter has the capability of recognizing, categorizing, counting, and sorting cells, and it thus provides a convenient and rapid method for "micromanipulation" of known numbers of cells into appropriate vessels for cell viability or clonogenicity studies. Subsequent microscopic observation of the sorted cells allows discrimination between the separate processes of cell attachment (plating efficiency) and clonogenic growth (viability). Examples are presented showing the power of these techniques for studying the low-dose regions of radiation survival curves for Chinese hamster V79 cells grown as monolayers or spheroids, for cells irradiated under aerobic versus hypoxic conditions, and for cells of large spheroids exposed to Adriamycin, where the slow penetration of the drug results in a differential exposure to the various cell subpopulations.
Multiple immuno-regulatory defects in type-1 diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Susceptibility to immune-mediated diabetes (IMD) in humans and NOD mice involves their inherently defective T cell immunoregulatory abilities. We have followed natural killer (NK) T cell numbers in patients with IMD, both by flow cytometry using mAbs to the characteristic junctions found in the T cell receptors of this cell subtype, and by semiquantitative RT-PCR for the corresponding transcripts. Both before and after clinical onset, the representation of these cells in patients' PBMCs is reduced. We also report low numbers of resting CD4+ CD25+ T cells in IMD patients, a subset of T cells shown to have important immunoregulatory functions in abrogating autoimmunities in 3-day thymectomized experimental mice. Whereas a biased Th1 to Th2 cytokine profile has been suggested to underlie the pathogenesis of IMD in both species, we found defective production of IFN-γ in our patients after in vitro stimulation of their PBMCs by phorbol-myristate acetate and ionomycin and both IFN-γ and IL-4 deficiencies in Vα24+ NK T–enriched cells. These data suggest that multiple immunoregulatory T (Treg) cell defects underlie islet cell autoimmunity leading to IMD in humans and that these lesions may be part of a broad T cell defect.
Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationships of CRBN-Recruiting ZBTB11 Molecular Glue Degraders

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Rational optimization of molecular glue degraders (MGD) remains a challenging and lengthy process even after identification of a promising scaffold. Unlike proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTAC), MGDs rely on induced protein-protein interactions as opposed to direct binding in order to target a protein of interest for degradation. Here, we report the synthesis of MGDs targeting the transcription factor ZBTB11 guided by protein complex modeling. Exploration of structure-activity-relationships yielded JWJ-01-306 with improved ZBTB11 degradation activity and potent antiproliferative effects against BRAF inhibitor-resistant melanoma cells. Our findings led to the discovery of a novel MGD that targets a previously undrugged transcription factor with the potential to address acquired resistance to cancer therapy.
The influx of redpolls into Western Europe, 1995/96

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

59 ABSTRACT Winter 1995/96 saw a huge influx of Common Redpolls Carduelis flammea and Arctic Redpolls C. hornemanni into Britain and Western Europe. Two forms of redpoll were involved, the nominate race of Common Redpoll C. f. flammea ('Mealy Redpoll') and the Eurasian race of Arctic Redpoll C. h. exilipes, and there is no evidence of any arrivals from other than northern Eurasian populations. Three main influxes were recorded in the north and east of Britain. The first two, in early and mid November, were immediately preceded by or coincided with substantial movements through Utsira in southwest Norway, Heligoland off the northwest coast of Germany, and Falsterbo in southern Sweden; the last of the three arrivals occurred in early December and was associated with the onset of very cold weather, but not with large movements farther north and east. On the British east coast, numbers were the largest since 1975.
A Charitable Scheme: William Smith, Michael Schlatter, and the German Free Schools

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This thesis describes William Smith’s development of “German Free Schools” in Pennsylvania between 1753-1755. It argues that these schools, ostensibly meant to acclimatize German immigrants to a British colony, were in fact intended to increase pro-Proprietary sympathy, isolate sectarian preachers, and end Quaker dominance over the Pennsylvania General Assembly.
Intermembrane and Transbilayer Transfer of Phospholipids

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This chapter presents what is known about the spontaneous transfer of phospholipids between membranes and the knowledge about a few intracellular lipid transfer proteins. It discusses the spontaneous mechanism of transbilayer movement, followed by the knowledge of membrane proteins that facilitate and even drive phospholipid movement. Implicit in being able to measure the rate of protein-stimulated phospholipid transfer is the ability to measure the spontaneous rate in the absence of protein. Spectroscopic and other physical methods can be used to monitor continuously the transfer of phospholipids between membranes without separating donors and acceptors. Considering the transfer of phospholipids between two populations of stable membranes, bilayers, or lipid-rich particles that do not fuse, the rate of spontaneous transport is inversely dependent on the number and length of the acyl chains in the phospholipid molecule. R. Homan and H. J. Pownall used changes in pyrene eximer fluorescence to measure the intermembrane and transbilayer transfer of pyrene-labeled phospholipids.
The role of the nurse in the rehabilitation of patients with radical changes in body image due to burn injuries.

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Burn injuries are among the most serious causes of radical changes in body image. The subject of body image and self-image is essential in rehabilitation, and the nurse must be aware of the issues related to these concepts and take them seriously into account in drafting out the nursing programme. This paper defines certain key words related to body image and discusses the social context of body image. Burn injuries are considered in relation to the way each of these affects the patient's body image. The aim of nursing is defined and the nurse's role in cases of severe changes in body image due to burn injuries is discussed.
Effects of several environmental factors on Siliqua minima

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

During March and April in 2004,the effects of some environmental factors to Slliqua minima were studied.The oxygen consumption and the tolerance of oxygen were also measured to find out the suitable surroundings to it.It would be a basic work in order to guide the protection and breeding of S.minima.The results indicated that S.minima belong to eurytherm and eurythaline.The mud sediment was propitious for its growth.The living temperature was in the range of 0～25℃,with a optimal range of 10～25℃.The sanility for its existance was 10～40,and much better between 15～30.The pH range for its adaptation was wide,and the survival rate was high when in the range of 4～9.The adult had a high tolerance of ammonia nitrogen.At pH 8.0,the survival rate of S.minima was about 70% in 72 hours when the concentration of total ammonia was 20 mg/L.The 72 hours Lc50 of total ammonia to the adult was 32.50 mg/L;the union ammonia was 4.27 mg/L.The average oxygen consumption in the night and daytime was(0.663 6±0.102 3) mg/(g.h) and(0.660 8±0.033 7)mg/(g.h) respectively.The lowest DO for its tolerance was 0.52 mg/L.
Experimental study on the coupled shear flow behavior of jointed rock samples

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Seepage within the rock mass mainly occurs along joints and depends on their morphology. Coupled shear flow tests were carried out on 9 jointed rock samples with different joint roughness coefficients (JRCs) and normal stresses, and on 27 samples with varying JRCs, normal stresses and seepage pressures. The results indicate that joint deformation switches from a sliding failure mode to a cutting failure mode with increasing roughness, while the joint is rather insensitive to normal stress and seepage pressure changes. Shear strength increases with decreasing seepage pressure and increasing JRC and normal stress. In all the tests, the hydraulic aperture at first decreased (due to shear contraction), then increased rapidly (because of shear dilation) and finally reached a stable value. The hydraulic aperture increased with decreasing normal stress but increasing JRC and seepage pressure. On the other hand, the shear strength was due mainly to cohesion and linearly changed with the seepage pressure. Based on the experimental results, an empirical equation was developed for obtaining the shear strength of jointed rocks experiencing a seepage pressure.
New Ionic Crystals of Oppositely Charged Cluster Ions and Their Characterization

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

By reacting Keggin-type polyoxometalate cluster anions H(2)W(12)O(40)(6)(-) (metatungstate) or Co(II)W(12)O(40)(6)(-) (tungstocobaltate) with the large aluminum cluster polycation [Al(30)O(8)(OH)(56)(H(2)O)(26)](18+), Keggin ion based molecular ionic compounds [delta-Al(13)O(4)(OH)(24)(H(2)O)(12)][XW(12)O(40)](OH).nH(2)O (X = H(2) (1) and Co (2); n congruent with 20) and [W(2)Al(28)O(18)(OH)(48)(H(2)O)(24)][H(2)W(12)O(40)](2).55H(2)O (3) were obtained. The polygon-shaped cluster ions are packed alternately through intercluster hydrogen bonds as well as electrostatic interactions, leaving large pores, which result from the packing of large clusters. The clusters are arranged in square pyramidal geometries, showing face-to-face interactions between them. The isolation of metastable [delta-Al(13)O(4)(OH)(24)(H(2)O)(12)](7+) and the formation of a new transition metal substituted aluminum heteropolycation [W(2)Al(28)O(18)(OH)(48)(H(2)O)(24)](12+) in 1-3 result from the slow fragmentation and recombination of Al(30) in the presence of suitable counter cluster anions with similar shape and charge.