jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Optimization and fatigue life analysis of flexible joint

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

–Taking the solid rocket motor flexible joint as the object, in order to meet its lightweight design and fatigue performance requirements, improve the overall performance of the nozzle. Using nonlinear finite element numerical calculation method. Taking the radial size of the joint as a design variable. Establish a flexible joint optimization model based on design variables, constraints and objective functions. Using response surface screening optimization algorithm, obtain the optimized structure of the variable cross-section flexible joint. Calculation and analysis of joint bearing performance. After optimization, the stress of the variable cross-section flexible joint meet the design requirements, and the mass is reduced by 18.81%. Based on the principle of crack propagation, the fatigue life of the joint is calculated and analyzed by using the numerical calculation method of strain fatigue, meet the design requirements.
GMC member forced to stand down from disciplinary panel

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A controversial member of the General Medical Council had to stand down from a disciplinary panel last week after allegations that she had made “biased remarks” and prejudged the outcome of the case.

Jennifer Colman, one of five members hearing the case of Peter Robson, a GP accused of sexually harassing three female patients and a receptionist, was asked by Dr Robson's counsel …
Environmental Damage: Community Lawsuit Against The Government Over Industrial Business Licenses

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Legal policies causing environmental damage raise questions about legal standing to file lawsuits with the State Administrative Court and its authority over business license disputes. This study examines the challenges and opportunities in implementing the authority of the state administrative court as a form of law enforcement on business licenses that impact environmental damage. This study uses the qualitative method NVivo12 Plus 12 by analyzing legal rules, journals, and online print media such as detik.com and kompas.com. The research focuses on the approach of laws and regulations related to the environment and case studies based on Supreme Court decisions. The Administrative Court plays a role in receiving claims against government actions that harm citizens. One of them is the authority to adjudicate disputes over government actions related to environmental disputes. Community participation is essential to create a healthy environment and is used not only as a means to an end but also as an end. The right to a healthy climate encompasses the right to receive environmental information, participate in decision-making, and review challenging public decisions within the scope of access to justice.
Concurrent chemoradiation for cervical cancer: results of five randomized trials.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The combined therapy for cervical cancer is the safe and good tolerated treatment. In the group of patients with advanced disease we observed 81% overall survival, 55.9% disease free survival for median follow up of 28 months. In the group of patients with early disease we observed 90% overall survival, and 78.8% disease free survival for median follow up of 28 months. There were no deaths caused by treatment.
Analysis of Comorbidities among Pregnant Woman Attending Outpatient Department of Tertiary care Institute

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: In pregnancy Anaemia and Depression is an important factor associated with an increased risk of maternal, fetal and neonatal mortality, poor pregnancy outcomes, and impaired cognitive development. Objectives: To assess prevalence and factors associated with anemia & Depression among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic. Methods: A Facility based cross-sectional study was conducted on 284 pregnant women to at Tertiary Care Institute from June to August 2022. Data on socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the study participants were collected using a Pretested structured questionnaire by interview and review of medical records. Binary Logistic regression analysis had been used to check for association between dependent and independent variables in all cases. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of anemia was found to be11.6% (95 % CI; 7.8%-14.8%) and Depression was 8.6% Pregnant women in the second and third trimester [AOR (95% CI), 8.31 (1.24-55.45), and P=0.029] were more likely to be anemic when compared to pregnant women in their first trimester. Pregnant women who did not receive iron/folic acid supplementation [AOR (95%CI),4.03(1.49 10.92), and P=0.01] were more likely to be anemic when compared to pregnant to women who did take supplementations. Conclusion: In this study the prevalence of anemia and Depression in pregnancy was low compared to the findings of others. Gestational age (trimester) and iron/folic acid supplementation were statistically associated with anemia.
Comparative Analysis of Direct Labour and Contracting System of Project Procurement

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study examines the performance of two project procurement methods commonly used in project construction, the direct labour and contracting system. Using cost, time and quality as assessment criteria, the work seek to determine possible advantage of one method over the other. Quasi-experimental design and questionnaire were combined to carry this study. Respondents was mainly officers and building contractors, key players in project procurement. Results obtained in this work showed that there was no significant difference between the two methods in terms of cost overrun, though overall cost was higher for the direct labour method. It also revealed a significant difference between time overrun for the two methods as direct method took longer time. The study concluded by emphasising the need for training, openness and empowerment. It also recommended the need for all establishments to adopt participatory project management through direct labour. Key Words : Direct Labour, Contract, Procurement, Time, Cost, Cost overrun, Time overrun DOI : 10.7176/CER/11-8-07 Publication date :September 30 th 2019
Conservative treatment planning in the posterior quadrant: the use of traditional and modern restorative materials.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Selection of an appropriate treatment modality is often the most challenging decision made during the restorative phase. The continued evolution of dental materials has significantly increased the clinician's ability to reliably restore severely compromised dentition. While strength and durability are invariably the most important considerations when selecting a restorative material for the posterior region, contemporary materials have further complicated material selection due to their increased strength and longevity. This case presentation discusses the combination of alternative restorative options for aesthetic results in the posterior region.
Migration and Sexual Resocialisation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Based upon a survey of more than three thousand respondents and forty in-depth interviews, the aim of this article is to examine the impact of migration on sexual resocialisation. In particular, we show how living in London influenced the attitudes of Central and East European migrants towards pre-marital sex and homosexuality. While the general acceptability of pre-marital sex was not affected by time spent in London, differences were noted in the meaning attached to sex outside marriage in the United Kingdom compared with Central and Eastern Europe. Particularly significant changes were observed in our respondents’ attitudes towards homosexuality, with a greater liberalisation the result of extrication from mechanisms of social control, re-socialisation into new social norms regarding sex and sexuality, greater visibility of sexual difference in London and, in particular, inter-personal contacts with gays and lesbians. Limitations to the general liberalisation of attitudes were also noted.
The effect of fish and rapeseed oils on growth performance, egg fatty acid composition and offspring quality of sterlet sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects (7-month experiment) of diets consisting of fish oil (Kilka fish) and vegetable oil (rapeseed) on the reproductive performance of sterlet sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus) broodstock. Forty-five broodstock (990.3 ± 20.05 g) were randomly allocated to three different diet treatments. Three experimental diets were formulated with graded levels of fish oil (100% FO), vegetable oil (100% VO), and a combination of fish and vegetable oil (50% FO + 50% VO). At the end of the 7-month feeding trial period, the weight gain and final weight were changed significantly different between the treatments (p < 0.05). Broodstock fed the FO + VO diet had higher growth than those fed the only FO or VO diets (p < 0.05). The highest germinal vesicle migration percentage was observed in FO + VO treatment (p < 0.05). The DHA/EPA, DHA/ARA and EPA/ARA ratios in oocyte exhibited a significant difference in the different treatments (p < 0.05). This study indicates that nutrition of broodstock with diet including FO + VO (p < 0.05) can positively affect the growth performance of larvae compared with only FO or VO diets. Furthermore, the high levels of 18:1n-9, AL and ALA contents in oocytes from broodstock fed VO and the lowest ALA content in oocytes from broodstock fed FO underlined the important role of broodstock diets in the reproductive process and embryonic and/or larval developments of sterlet.
Review On API (Lemon Grass) Citronella As A Herbal Mosquito Repellent

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Citronella oil is a well-known natural mosquito repellent obtained from the leaves and stems of Cymbopogon species, mainly Cymbopogon nardus and Cymbopogon winterianus. For many years, it has been used as an ingredient in natural insect repellent products. Citronella is recognized for its pleasant lemon-like fragrance and its ability to repel mosquitoes by masking human odors that attract them. This review paper presents a detailed summary of citronella oil, including its sources, chemical composition, mechanism of action, various formulations, advantages, disadvantages, and future research possibilities. It also compares citronella with synthetic repellents such as DEET and discusses how natural alternatives can be made more effective through new technologies like nanoencapsulation and controlled release systems. Although citronella oil is less long-lasting than synthetic repellents, its safety, eco-friendliness, and potential for improvement make it a promising herbal solution against mosquito-borne diseases
The Mature Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup A Envelope Glycoprotein Is Metastable, and Refolding Induced by the Synergistic Effects of Receptor Binding and Low pH Is Coupled to Infection

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The spring-loaded model stipulates that influenza virus infection is coupled to the transition of the virus hemagglutinin (HA) from a metastable conformation to a highly stable conformation at low pH. The properties of retrovirus envelope glycoproteins indicate that infection is coupled to an analogous conformational change. As a test of this hypothesis, the requirements for avian leukosis virus A (ALV-A) infection were examined. These studies indicate that, like HA, the conformation of the mature ALV-A envelope glycoprotein is metastable and that infection is linked to refolding at low pH. However, unlike HA, low-pH activation is only observed after priming by receptor. Therefore, ALV-A infection is dependent on the synergistic effects of receptor binding and low pH, suggesting that receptor binding superimposes an additional constraint on activation of ALV-A fusion that proceeds by a mechanism comparable to that of influenza virus.
Profiling of inhibitory immune checkpoints in glioblastoma: Potential pathogenetic players

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most frequent glial tumor, with almost 3 new cases per 100,000 people per year. Despite treatment, the prognosis for GBM patients remains extremely poor, with a median survival of 14.6 months, and a 5-year survival less than 5%. It is generally believed that GBM creates a highly immunosuppressive microenvironment, sustained by the expression of immune-regulatory factors, including inhibitory immune checkpoints, on both infiltrating cells and tumor cells. However, the trials assessing the efficacy of current immune checkpoint inhibitors in GBM are still disappointing. In the present study, the expression levels of several inhibitory immune checkpoints in GBM (CD276, VTCN1, CD47, PVR, TNFRSF14, CD200, LGALS9, NECTIN2 and CD48) were characterized in order to evaluate their potential as prognostic and eventually, therapeutic targets. Among the investigated immune checkpoints, TNFRSF14 and NECTIN2 were identified as the most promising targets in GBM. In particular, a higher TNFRSF14 expression was associated with worse overall survival and disease-free survival, and with a lower Th1 response.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TURNING BEHAVIOR AND MOTORIC DOMINANCE IN HUMANS

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This study attempted to correlate turning direction on the stepping test with three measures of motoric dominance—handedness, footedness, and eyedness. 111 high school students performed the stepping test while deprived of visual and auditory cues during a 1-min. interval. Although only slightly more than half of the subjects rotated rightward, the direction and magnitude of turning correlated significantly with footedness and eyedness but not with handedness. Thus, axial turning biases and motoric dominance may partially share a common mechanism, possibly involving vestibular asymmetry.
Boys will be boys: a pre‐line‐up gameplay has beneficial effects on boys' but not girls' identification performance

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Fifty children, aged between 4 and 7 years, underwent a sequential photo line‐up procedure in order to identify a man they had met the previous day. Half of the participants engaged in a pre‐procedure gameplay with the female interviewer. It was hypothesised that the game would stimulate rapport building and would ultimately result in an increased performance during the line‐up procedure. The beneficial effect was indeed observed, but only for the male participants. This finding suggests that gameplay may be a fruitful strategy to decrease child witness discomfort and to increase participation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
WHETHER DOUBLETS-SYNONYMS ARE IDENTICAL OR NOT

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article considers pairs of lexical units, which in lexicology are defined as doublets or absolute synonyms. The main idea of the article is to show functional features of doublet units which would allow not to consider such units as absolutely identical. Based on the analysis of Russian nouns, noted in special publications and dictionaries as absolute synonyms, we show that there is often differentiation of elements of lexical pairs. It appears that many absolute synonyms do not disintegrate in the process of their functioning, as linguists predict (due to semantic and formal redundancy of such verbal forms), but many absolute synonyms do exist for a long time without any apparent transformation because there are factors (reasons) in the language that promote their functioning. The analysis shows that a set of factors supporting the existence of doublet forms is specific for the units of terminological character on the one hand, and for generally used absolute synonyms on the other hand.
Linear Peptide Specificity of Bovine Antibody Responses to p67 of Theileria parva and Sequence Diversity of Sporozoite-Neutralizing Epitopes: Implications for a Vaccine†

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A stage-specific surface antigen of Theileria parva, p67, is the basis for the development of an anti-sporozoite vaccine for the control of East Coast fever (ECF) in cattle. By Pepscan analysis with a series of overlapping synthetic p67 peptides, the antigen was shown to contain five distinct linear peptide sequences recognized by sporozoite-neutralizing murine monoclonal antibodies. Three epitopes were located between amino acid positions 105 to 229 and two were located between positions 617 to 639 on p67. Bovine antibodies to a synthetic peptide containing one of these epitopes neutralized sporozoites, validating this approach for defining immune responses that are likely to contribute to immunity. Comparison of the peptide specificity of antibodies from cattle inoculated with recombinant p67 that were immune or susceptible to ECF did not reveal statistically significant differences between the two groups. In general, antipeptide antibody levels in the susceptible animals were lower than in the immune group and neither group developed high responses to all sporozoite-neutralizing epitopes. The bovine antibody response to recombinant p67 was restricted to the N- and C-terminal regions of p67, and there was no activity against the central portion between positions 313 and 583. So far, p67 sequence polymorphisms have been identified only in buffalo-derived T. parva parasites, but the consequence of these for vaccine development remains to be defined. The data indicate that optimizations of the current vaccination protocol against ECF should include boosting of relevant antibody responses to neutralizing epitopes on p67.
LDL-apheresis therapy: current therapeutic practice and potential future use

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AbstractAbstractLow density lipoprotein (LDL)-apheresis is an approved chronic maintenance therapy for thelowering of plasma cholesterol (LDL reduction >60%) in patients with uncontrolledhypercholesterolemia caused by familial hypercholesterolemia and resistance topharmacotherapy. Clinical studies have demonstrated its benefit in the reduction ofcardiovascular disease. LDL-apheresis can lower other pathological mediators of vasculardisease, such as inflammation, hemorrheology, thrombosis and fibrinolysis. The acute andchronic pleiotropic effects of LDL-apheresis on these vascular markers might warrant its usein more diverse settings of vascular disease. This review discusses currently approvedLDL-apheresis procedures, the guidelines for their use and current and future therapeuticapplications of the technique.Keywords: AtherosclerosisFamilial cardiovascular diseaseHypercholesterolemiaInflammationLDL-apheresisViscosity
Integrated cultural and biological control of Canada thistle in conservation tillage soybean

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Field experiments were conducted in 1996 and 1997 to evaluate the efficacy of combined cultural and biological weed control for management of Canada thistle in conservation tillage soybean production. For cultural control, we used a highly weed-competitive soybean variety (cv. ‘Kato’). The biological control agent was the phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis (PST). The application of PST reduced Canada thistle survivorship, height growth, and seed production, although these reductions were usually less than those resulting from bentazon application. Only bentazon application resulted in significant reduction of biomass of Canada thistle plants that survived all season. These results suggest the value of PST for management of Canada thistle in conservation tillage systems due to its negative effects on survival, growth, and reproduction. However, the weed-competitive soybean variety did not affect Canada thistle performance differently than a less competitive variety used for comparison, and there was no indication of synergy between the effects of the two control methods. Nomenclature: Bentazon; imazethapyr; Canada thistle, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. CIRAR; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Kato’, ‘Evans’; Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis.
Social and environmental insecurities in Mumbai: towards a sociological perspective on vulnerability

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Over the last few years Mumbai — India's financial and cammercial capital — has been affected by adverse climatic events leading to flooding and landslides resulting in high loss of lives and property. While different sections of the population were affected, the poor and the socially marginalized — living in environmentally risk prone areas — were more affected than others. In view of the dearth of comprehensive studies linking social vulnerability and environmental risks in Mumbai, this paper attempts to throw some light on this relationship with a specific focus on populations living and working close to the Mithi river which flows through parts of the city. Flooding of the Mithi river has been a major reason for death and destruction in the city during major flooding events in recent years. Contrary to popular views blaming the government, the local municipal corporation and encroachments for enhanced environmental hazards in Mumbai, the paper brings out a more complicated picture of the links between poverty, power distribution in society, discrimination, and environmental changes and shifts that have led to the current crisis. In doing so the article engages with some classical sociological perspectives on risk developed by Mary Douglas and Ulrich Beck, and critiques their applicability, especially in non-western contexts.
Water Security : Vol. 2: International Conflict and Cooperation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

During the past two decades, environmental security and more specifically the security of water as a natural resource has come to the forefront of research and discussion. Many regions have experienced an increased water scarcity due to climatic variability and climate change, and the uncertain impacts of climate change to the supply has brought the issue to the centre of political debates. Indeed it has been raised by both the EU and the US national governments as a major issue of concern globally and has also been highlighted by the Security Council of the UN. The four volumes of this collection seek to broadly outline the debate as it has developed, both from a policy as well as an academic perspective, with the aim to bring conceptual clarity as well as provide an account of how the water security discourse has emerged and developed.
[Medical termination of pregnancy for fetal anomaly: the patient's point of view].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The women were very much in need of expressing their sorrow very soon after the event. Team work and lack of rigidity in care taking enhances the expression of individual resources, both by the medical team and the patients. Three points were highlighted by the patients.--the desire to participate in the decision making;--the importance of in-depth information on technical aspects of the procedure;--initial new breaking is recognized as a major trauma.
Fiscal Adjustment in Sudan Size, Speed, and Composition

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The paper aims to identify the optimal size, speed and composition of the medium-term fiscal adjustment in the context of Sudan's limited oil reserves. The permanently sustainable non-oil primary balance approach suggests the need for significant fiscal adjustment over the medium term, requiring a widening of the tax base. Cross-country comparisons highlight VAT and personal income tax (as well as tax administration) as key areas for reform. The paper also suggests the need for complementary expenditure-side measures in the areas of petroleum pricing and anchoring fiscal policy in non-oil indicators.