jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Early Netherlandish Art

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The term “early Netherlandish art” here refers to objects produced, and to a considerable extent consumed, between roughly 1380 and 1520 in the Low Countries, an area that encompasses modern-day Belgium and the Netherlands. This region underwent a number of seismic cultural shifts during the “long 15th century,” including the birth of modern banking, the rise of regional and linguistic identity, the growth of a middle class, and fundamental changes in vernacular religious practice. Part and parcel of these changes was a remarkable efflorescence of visual expression motivated by shifts in economic and political identity and fueled by the readily available capital, both owned and loaned. The historical result is a visual culture that demonstrates remarkable complexity. Visual piety, for instance, betrays significant evidence of vernacular literacy (propelled by the printing press), its objects requiring responses that are both emotionally charged and thoughtful, at times even erudite. Far from simply a mechanism to extract tears from a credulous populace, religious imagery became an ever more refined and idiosyncratic tool for self-reform. Political expression seems to have become similarly complex, with civic identity becoming ever more important as conflicts between cities and their noble rulers became increasingly common. Thus, while in some ways visual expression represented a continuation of earlier practices, this efflorescence in the visual arts presented opportunities for the enterprising artist to transform how people conceived of art in the first place. It should come as no surprise, then, that artists who commanded high prices and enjoyed a large body of quite competitive patrons—including Jan van Eyck, Hugo van der Goes, the Limbourg brothers, Gerard Loyet, Claus Sluter, and Rogier van der Weyden—were both able and willing to pursue quite striking and, at times, boldly self-conscious sorts of innovation. Indeed, it is hardly surprising that such innovation should occur, given both the expansion of the market for art and the kinds of discernment that governed it.
Table_1_Distinguishing Hepatocellular Carcinoma From Hepatic Inflammatory Pseudotumor Using a Nomogram Based on Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound.docx

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background<p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatic iflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) share similar symptoms and imaging features, which makes it challenging to distinguish from each other in clinical practice. This study aims to develop a predictive model based on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and clinical features to discriminate HCC from IPT.</p>Methods<p>Sixty-two IPT and 146 HCC patients were enrolled in this study, where pathological diagnosis served as the reference standard for diagnosis. Clinical and ultrasound imaging data including CEUS features: enhancement degree during arterial phase, portal phase and delayed phase, enhancement pattern, early washout within 60 s, feeding artery, peritumoral vessels, peritumoral enhancement, and margin of nonenhanced area were retrospectively collected. Imaging data were reviewed by two experienced ultrasound doctors. Patients were randomly assigned to training and validation sets. Chi-squared test followed by LASSO regression was performed on ultrasonographic features in the training set to identify the most valuable features that distinguish HCC from IPT, based on which the sonographic score formula was generated. With the significant clinical and ultrasonographic indicators, a nomogram was developed. The performance of the nomogram was verified by ROC curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) with the comparison with sonographic score and the ultrasound doctor’s diagnosis.</p>Results<p>The most valuable ultrasonographic features that distinguish between HCC and IPT were enhancement degree during arterial phase, early washout, peritumoral vessels, peritumoral enhancement, and liver background. The sonographic score based on these features was verified to be an independent factor that predicts the diagnosis (p = 0.003). Among the clinical indicators, AFP (p = 0.009) and viral hepatitis infection (p = 0.004) were significant. Sonographic score, AFP, and viral hepatitis were used to construct a predictive nomogram. The AUC of the nomogram was 0.989 and 0.984 in training and validation sets, respectively, which were higher than those of sonographic score alone (0.938 and 0.958) or the ultrasound doctor’s diagnosis (0.794 and 0.832). DCA showed the nomogram provided the greatest clinical usefulness.</p>Conclusion<p>A predictive nomogram based on a sonographic signature improved the diagnostic performance in distinguishing HCC and IPT, which may help with individualized diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice.</p>
Embalming Procedures and Laboratory Practices for Cadaver‐Based Learning

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction The use of embalming chemicals, techniques, and laboratory practices for educational purposes is not well documented in Canada. While there is a preference for the use of hard‐fixation techniques, soft‐preservation techniques and unembalmed tissue for undergraduate learning, clinical training and research, the choice of tissue state in Canadian institutions remains unknown. Little has been reported on the effects of the introduction of clinical training programs on the choice of tissue state and on the effects that these choices have on human body donation programs. It is hypothesized that embalming procedures and laboratory practices will be highly variable across Canadian institutions, that a higher percentage of donors will be allocated to non‐hard‐fixation methods in institutions with a clinical training program, and that this shift in practices will require an increase in the number of donors needed from human body donation programs. This study aims to assess the use of embalming techniques and laboratory practices for education in Canada and to assess the impact of the integration of clinical training on human body donation programs. Methods An online questionnaire was distributed to 25 institutions in Canada that list an anatomy laboratory on their department website. A descriptive analysis was completed. Results A total of 23 embalming solutions were identified, and laboratory practices like sanitization, mold management, and health and safety measures were highly variable. This study confirmed that in Canadian institutions hard‐fixed donors are preferred for teaching, prosection and dissection, while soft‐preserved donors are preferred for clinical training, and unembalmed donors are preferred for research. Institutions with a clinical training program allocate a higher percentage of their donors to non‐hard‐fixed methods and require a higher number of donors from human body donation programs. Conclusion This study confirms that the embalming procedures and laboratory practices used for cadaver‐based learning in Canadian institutions are highly variable. Furthermore, the introduction of a clinical training program leads to an increased need for soft‐preserved and unembalmed donors. This shift in practices requires a higher number of donors from human body donation programs. Implication This study identifies 23 embalming solutions that can be tested for their efficacy and use in cadaver‐based learning to establish a best practice in embalming. Furthermore, this study sheds a light on the need to investigate the direct effects of clinical training sessions on human body donation programs and provides a perspective on the implementation of creative approaches to maximize the use of each donor received. This study opens a door to collaboration amongst the community of anatomists to establish the best embalming and safety practices to satisfy the need for donors in cadaver‐based learning, while minimizing the strain on human body donation programs.
The most crabbed of all earthly music: the performance of Bach's vocal music in Dublin in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

When the 'Crucifixus' from Bach's Mass in B minor was performed for the first time in Ireland, by the University of Dublin Choral Society in May 1865, the Dublin Daily Express described it as 'this most crabbed of all earthly music'.
Intellectual Capital and Its Impact on the Financial Performance: Evidence from Palestine

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The study aimed to explore the impact of intellectual capital on the financial performance of corporations listed on the Palestine Exchange. The analytical approach was used in this study to examine the financial statements of these corporations during the period from 2017 to 2022. Data was collected from the annual financial reports of the listed companies. The study population consist of all 43 companies listed on the Palestine Exchange which regularly disclosed their financial and sustainability reports, distributed across various economic sectors. Data extracted from the financial statements was processed using the statistical package program SPSS, using multiple regression analysis to examine the impact of intellectual capital in its three dimensions: human capital, structural capital, and relational capital, on financial performance indicators represented by return on assets, return on equity, and net profit ratio. A clear relationship was found between the components of intellectual capital and the financial performance of public shareholding companies on the Palestine Exchange. It was also found that intellectual capital, in its various dimensions, has a significant impact on return on assets, return on equity, and net profit margin. Intellectual capital in the banking sector had the greatest impact on financial performance compared to other sectors.
A neural network approach for 3-D face shape reconstruction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a novel approach for 3D face shape recovery based on neural network is presented. A learning vector quantization network architecture based on varying parameters and eliminating is developed that learns the correction of gender patterns and recognizes facial expressions of human faces. To achieve robustness in viewing, the network is trained with a wide range of illumination and conditions. A method of merging recovered 3D surface regions by minimizing the sum squared error. Hence we measure the average absolute percentage error per pixel (AAPEPP) for each recovered face part. The new algorithms for data driven, stable, update the surface slope and height map are proposed. This approach significantly reduces the residual errors. Experimental results illustrate the good performance of our approach.
Endoscopic Transcanal Retrocochlear Approach to the Internal Auditory Canal with Cochlear Preservation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Contemporary operative approaches to the internal auditory canal (IAC) require the creation of large surgical portals for visualization with associated morbidity, including hearing loss, vestibular dysfunction, facial nerve injury, and skull base defects that increase the risk of cerebrospinal fluid leak. Transcanal approaches to the IAC have been possible only via a transcochlear technique. To preserve cochlear function, we describe a novel endoscopic transcanal infracochlear approach to the IAC in cadaveric temporal bones. Navigation fiducials were secured on fresh cadaveric heads, and real‐time computed tomography imaging was used for surgical guidance. With a combination of curved instruments and rigid angled endoscopy, a transcanal hypotympanotomy and subcochlear tunnel were created with superior extension to access the IAC. Postprocedure imaging and temporal bone dissection confirmed access to the IAC without injury to the cochlea or neighboring neurovascular structures.
Microbial bioremediation to process environmental Mercury contamination in water resources of Almadén district

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Fig. 4.Flow scheme of the Wagner-Dobler pilot plant for a continuous treatment of mercury contaminated wastewater The instalation could remove 98% of mercury. The system treats 100 m3 per day and it contains a 1m3 bioreactor. The range of treatment is between 1 mg/l and 10 mg/ml. Figure extracted from Wagner-Dobler, 2003. Microbial bioremediation to process environmental Mercury contamination in water sources of Almaden district
Effect of Temperature and Ryanodine on Cardiac Mechanical Restitution in Ventricular Papillary Muscles from a Hibernator (Citellus Dauricus)

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The effect of temperature and ryanodine on the force-interval relationship was compared between active and hibernating ground squirrel (citellus Dauricus). As temperature decreased from 35℃ to 20℃, these two groups of animals showed similar response: the elevation of mechanical restitution curue (MRC), significant increasing of the force of both steady-state contraction (F0) and the first postrest contraction (F1), and the delay of pause duration for maximum F1 (Im) from -15s to -20s. When temperature failed to 10℃, MRC dropped in active animals, though it was still higher than that at 35℃. But it remained as high, in hibernating ones, as that at 20℃ in long pause duratian (20s). At 10℃, both F0 and F1 were stronger in hibernating anmials than in active ones. And Im were -60s and -30s in these two groups, respectively. At 20℃, 10-7mol/L ryanodine could only inhibit F1 in long pause duration, while 3×10-7mol/L ryanodine was effective in an all-round way. And the inhibition was more pronounced in hibernating group. In general, our result suggested that the myocardium from hibernating animals, in respect of contraction, have greater resistance to cold, It maybe attributed to the strengthened function of sarcoplasmic reticulum for uptake and release of Ca2+. In addition, we considered the possibility for preserved Ca2+ sensitivity of myofiliments at low temperature in hibernating state.
Implementasi Konsep ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) dalam Pengembangan Ekonomi Biru di Kawasan Indo Pasifik: Studi Kasus Chairmanship Indonesia di ASEAN Tahun 2023

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Indo Pacific region is an area rich in natural resources and has great economic potential. However, rapid economic growth and lack of awareness of environmental protection and social sustainability have led to negative impacts on the environment and society in the region. To overcome this problem, the ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) concept has been widely recognized as a framework for encouraging sustainable economic growth by considering environmental, social and good governance factors. The purpose of this research is to examine how the ESG concept is applied in the development and development of the blue economy in the Indo Pacific Region, especially during Indonesia's tenure as chairman of ASEAN in 2023. In this research, we will identify the concrete steps taken by Indonesia in implementing the concept. ESG and promoting the blue economy in the region. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach method. Data was processed and collected using questionnaires and library literature. The research object consisted of 50 STIE Ganesha student respondents. By analyzing the policies and initiatives launched by the Indonesian government during their leadership in ASEAN. Relevant data will be collected through literature reviews and official documents. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide a better understanding of Indonesia's efforts to implement ESG concepts and promote the blue economy in the Indo Pacific Region. This research limits the scope by using students' perspectives regarding the ESG concept in developing the blue economy in the Indo Pacific region. This research can also provide insight into the challenges faced and the opportunities that exist in developing a sustainable economy in this region. Relevant policy implications will also be identified to support the future development of the blue economy.
Study of testing and maintenance strategies for redundant final elements in SIS with imperfect detection of degraded state

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Safety-instrumented systems (SISs) have been widely installed to lower risks of equipment/ process by performing the designed safety functions in cases of demands. Final elements remain dormant mostly in a low demand mode but become vulnerable due to degradation along with time. Tests and maintenances are key activities to prevent the SIS from any failures, including those thank to degradation, to activate upon demands. This paper models the degradation of SIS final elements by considering an intermediate degraded state between the working- and failed states. Sometimes, the actual system states are not distinguished perfectly during proof tests. Such imperfectness in state revealing, consequently, weakens the real performance of follow-up maintenances. The effects of imperfect degradation state revealing are quantified, together with three testing and maintenance strategies for 1-out-of-2 configured SISs. Time-dependent PFD of the system and cumulative life-cycle cost are then estimated in a finite service time. Numerical examples under proposed strategies are presented to provide clues in selection of optimal testing and maintenance strategies for 1oo2 final element in SISs.
APMP comparison for the calibration of ambient dose equivalent meters in ISO neutron reference fields—APMP.RI(III)-S1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The comparison for the calibration of ambient dose equivalent meter was organized by TCRI of APMP. Seven laboratories (ARPANSA, BARC, INER, KRISS, NIM, NMIJ, and VNIIM) were participated in the comparison excersize. Two moderator-type neutron ambient dose equivalent meters (one is cylindrical and the other is spherical) were circulated and calibrated in ISO standard neutron fields of 252 Cf, 241 Am-Be, and D2O moderated 252 Cf sources. The stability of the transfer instruments was checked by the pilot lab (KRISS) between the measurements of two successive participants. Some outliers exist in each measurement set and the weighted means of all measurement results are not adequate as a reference value because of the large chi-square values. The median was used to calculate the reference value. 1 Corresponding autor: hyeonseo@kriss.re.kr Metrologia 52 (2015) Tech. Suppl. 06019 2/28
The Relationship Between Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor, Serotonin, Physical Fitness, Energy Expenditure and Exercise Intensity in Children

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of physical activity and fitness on brain nerve growth factor in children. Method: Seventy-three subjects were selected from one elementary school. Variables related to physical fitness, physical activity and brain nerve growth were measured and assessed. The physical activities of daily life were measured using the SenseWear Armband (Bodymedia Co., USA). The collected data were analyzed in terms of Total energy expenditure, average METs, duration of activity less than 3.0 METs, duration of activity between 3.0 and 5.9 METs, and duration of activity exceeding 6 METs. The factors of brain nerve growth factor were BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) and serotonin. Data analysis was done using PASW Statistics 18.0 program and included Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise regression analysis. Results: Positive correlation was found between BDNF and duration of activity exceeding 6 METs. Negative correlation was noted between BDNF and muscular strength, also between serotonin and muscular strength. The independent variables predict­ing BDNF were agility, muscular strength, duration of activity exceeding 6 METs and duration of activity less than 3.0 METs. And predictor of serotonin was muscular strength. Conclusion: The results indicate that in order to increase BDNF and serotonin in children, it is necessary to improve
Faster R-CNN based on Optimized SqueezeNet for Liver Lesion Detection from DeepLesion Dataset

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Computed tomography (CT) images have been widely used by radiologists and doctors to diagnose patients with liver cancer. However, liver lesion detection from CT images can be difficult due to the similar characteristics of the lesion region and the surrounding region. The recent developments in deep learning methods including deep learning object detection models, such as Faster Region with Convolutional Neural Network (Faster R-CNN) has shed light on whether it can contribute to liver lesion detection from CT images. Until recently, the pre-trained deep neural networks, ResNet50 and ResNet101, are applied as the feature extractors for Faster R-CNN to detect liver lesions in CT images. Nevertheless, Faster R-CNN with ResNet50 and ResNet101 have produced a very low average precision (AP) and large network size due to their massive number of parameters. In this research, a lightweight architecture has been implemented based on SqueezeNet and Faster R-CNN (Squeeze-Faster R-CNN) to detect liver lesions from CT images. The architecture of SqueezeNet has been optimized by reducing the depth of the network from 18 to 15, the number of filters has been decreased from 96 to 64, and the size of the filters was reduced from 7 × 7 to 3 × 3 in the first convolutional layer. This has improved the AP from 42.7 to 63.8 and has further reduced the number of parameters from around 1.24 million to 0.53 million. This optimized framework can be beneficial for lesion detection on embedded devices with limited memory.
Reinforcement Learning for Mixed Open-loop and Closed-loop Control

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Closed-loop control relies on sensory feedback that is usually assumed to be free. But if sensing incurs a cost, it may be costeffective to take sequences of actions in open-loop mode. We describe a reinforcement learning algorithm that learns to combine open-loop and closed-loop control when sensing incurs a cost. Although we assume reliable sensors, use of open-loop control means that actions must sometimes be taken when the current state of the controlled system is uncertain. This is a special case of the hidden-state problem in reinforcement learning, and to cope, our algorithm relies on short-term memory. The main result of the paper is a rule that significantly limits exploration of possible memory states by pruning memory states for which the estimated value of information is greater than its cost. We prove that this rule allows convergence to an optimal policy. 1 Introduction Reinforcement learning (RL) is widely-used for learning closed-loop control policies. Cl...