jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Printed in U.S.A. Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Elderly Men in

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Physical activity pattern and its relation with cardiovascular risk factors was investigated in 1,402 men aged 69-90 years who participated in the 30-year follow-up survey of the Finnish (Eastern and Western Finland), Italian (Montegiorgio and Crevalcore), and Dutch (Zutphen) cohorts of the Seven Countries Study. Physical activity was assessed with a validated self-administered questionnaire designed for retired men. Total physical activity varied largely within cohorts. Median total reported physical activity ranged from 50 minutes/day in Montegiorgio to 89 minutes/day in Crevalcore. Walking, gardening, and bicycling together contributed more than 70 % of total physical activity in all cohorts. Depending on the definition of physical inactivity, the estimated prevalence of inactivity varied between 5 % and 33 % in Zutphen and between 18 % and 68 % in Montegiorgio. Total physical activity was inversely associated with resting heart rate (r =-0.11, p &lt; 0.001) and was positively associated with high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (r = 0.08, p &lt; 0.01) in pooled data. These associations remained statistically significant after adjustment for age, cohort, smoki ig, body mass index, and alcohol intake. Total activity was not associated with total cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, blood pressure, or body mass index. The authors conclude that physical activity may have a beneficial effect on HDL cholesterol levels in elderly men. Walking, gardening, and bicycling contribute substantially to their physical activity pattern. Am J Epidemiol 1996;143:553-61.
Investor Sentiment and Financing Decisions in Tehran Stock Exchange

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

در پارادایم مالی رفتاری، احساسات سرمایه‌گذاران می‌تواند در تعیین قیمت اوراق بهادار و متعاقب آن هزینه‌های تامین مالی نقش پررنگی داشته باشد. از این رو پژوهش حاضر به مطالعه رابطه احساسات سرمایه‌گذاران و تصمیم‌های تامین مالی می‌پردازد. از داده‌های 201 شرکت پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران طی سالهای 1390 تا 1398 و رویکرد کنترل اثرات سالها و صنایع استفاده شد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد با افزایش احساسات سرمایه‌گذاران، فاصله اهرم از اهرم هدف کاهش می‌یابد. این رابطه در شرکت‌هایی که اهرم بالاتر از اهرم هدف دارند (نسبت به شرکت‌های دسته مقابل)، قوی‌تر است. بین احساسات سرمایه‌گذاران و انتشار سهام رابطه مستقیم وجود ندارد، لذا احساسات سرمایه‌گذاران، شرکت‌ها را تشویق به انتشار سهام نمی‌نماید. رابطه احساسات سرمایه‌گذاران با انتشار بدهی نیز برخلاف نظریه سوگیری مدیران، معنی‌دار نیست. نتایج آزمون‌های تکمیلی در شرکت‌هایی که احتمال درماندگی مالی در آن‌ها زیاد است، نشان داد در شرکت‌هایی که سیاست‌های مالی آن‌ها مبتنی بر سطوح بالای اهرم است، احساس سرمایه‌گذاران شرکت‌ها را به سمت انتشار سهام و بازخرید بدهی سوق می‌دهد. شرکت‌های کوچک نیز با افزایش احساسات سرمایه‌گذاران، دست به انتشار سهام می‌زنند. اما پایین بودن سطح نگهداشت وجوه نقد، رابطه بین احساسات و انتشار سهام یا بدهی را تحت تاثیر قرار نمی‌دهد.
Triticum turgidum L. subsp. dicoccon (Schrank) Thell. CWI 46243

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Triticum turgidum L. subsp. dicoccon (Schrank) Thell.
Common name(s): Wheat
Other names: CWI16931-3B
Conserved by: Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT), Mexico
Local sample unique identifier: CWI 46243
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1992
Other identifiers: n/a,CWI46243, n/a,CID 155772 SID 3, n/a,GID 1786382
Historical: No
Biological status: Semi-natural/sown
MLS status: Included
Magnetic field strength distribution of magnetic bright points inferred from filtergrams and spectro-polarimetric data

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Small scale magnetic fields can be observed on the Sun in G-band filtergrams as MBPs (magnetic bright points) or identified in spectro-polarimetric measurements due to enhanced signals of Stokes profiles. These magnetic fields and their dynamics play a crucial role in understanding the coronal heating problem and also in surface dynamo models. MBPs can theoretically be described to evolve out of a patch of a solar photospheric magnetic field with values below the equipartition field strength by the so-called convective collapse model. After the collapse, the magnetic field of MBPs reaches a higher stable magnetic field level. The magnetic field strength distribution of small scale magnetic fields as seen by MBPs is inferred. Furthermore, we want to test the model of convective collapse and the theoretically predicted stable value of about 1300 G. We used four different data sets of high-resolution Hinode/SOT observations that were recorded simultaneously with the broadband filter device (G-band, Ca II-H) and the spectro-polarimeter. To derive the magnetic field strength distribution of these small scale features, the spectropolarimeter (SP) data sets were treated by the Merlin inversion code. The four data sets comprise different solar surface types: active regions (a sunspot group and a region with pores), as well as quiet Sun. In all four cases the obtained magnetic field strength distribution of MBPs is similar and shows peaks around 1300 G. This agrees well with the theoretical prediction of the convective collapse model. The resulting magnetic field strength distribution can be fitted in each case by a model consisting of log-normal components. The important parameters, such as geometrical mean value and multiplicative standard deviation, are similar in all data sets, only the relative weighting of the components is different.
Bactericidal Activities of HMR 3647, Moxifloxacin, and Rifapentine against Mycobacterium leprae in Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Bactericidal activities of HMR 3647 (HMR), moxifloxacin (MXFX), and rifapentine (RPT) against Mycobacterium leprae , measured by the proportional bactericidal technique in the mouse footpad system, were compared with those of the established antileprosy drugs clarithromycin (CLARI), ofloxacin (OFLO), and rifampin (RMP). Administered in five daily doses of 100 mg/kg of body weight, HMR appeared slightly more bactericidal than CLARI. In a single dose, MXFX at 150 mg/kg was more active than the same dose of OFLO and displayed exactly the same level of activity as RMP at 10 mg/kg; the combination MXFX-minocycline (MINO) (MM) was more bactericidal than the combination OFLO-MINO (OM); RPT at 10 mg/kg was more bactericidal than the same dose of RMP and even more active than the combination RMP-OFLO-MINO (ROM); the combination RPT-MXFX-MINO (PMM) killed 99.9% of viable M. leprae and was slightly more bactericidal than RPT alone, indicating that the combination PMM showed an additive effect against M. leprae .
Stray animals awareness campaign for SSPCA in Kuching

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In Malaysia, the crisis of stray overpopulation is getting more and more serious. Due to the lack of awareness and social concern towards the crisis in the local society and many other factors, this social issue is often being neglected. Many other countries such as Singapore, Hong Kong and the United States of America have already started to take serious efforts in solving this problem and there are successful results to prove that the problem is solvable if the awareness towards the issue is educated among the people. However, Malaysia is still at the beginning stage of saving the poor strays and there is a lack of visual elements that could help in creating the awareness among the society. Therefore, the aim of this project is to propose an awareness campaign that implements the advertising techniques of Direct Marketing that could help the Sarawak Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SSPCA) in raising awareness, changing public attitudes and behaviour towards the issue of stray animals.
Putting into Practice: Tree Pattern Evaluation Using SAX

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this chapter, we learn how to build an evaluation engine for tree-pattern queries, using the SAX (Simple API for XML) programming model. We thereby follow a dual goal: (i) improve our understanding of XML query languages and (ii) become familiar with SAX, a stream parser for XML, with an event-driven API. Recall that the main features of SAX were presented in Section 1.4.2.
Finite Element Modeling with Abaqus and Python for Thermal and Stress Analysis

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The goal of the present textbook is to introduce the basics of the finite element analysis for thermal
and deformation problems that can be analyzed with linear models.
In this book we focus on the following aspects of which we believe the user of finite element
analysis must have a basic understanding:
1. Understanding of the mathematical models: what are the underlying assumptions, how is the
model properly defined, what are the solutions of elementary models.
2. How is the finite element model related to the mathematical model: what is the effect of the
conversion of the continuous mathematical model to the discrete finite element model, what is
the accuracy, how to control the accuracy.
3. How to use results from finite element modeling: interpretation of results, estimation of errors,
verification and validation, proper formulation of reports.
In this respect the present textbook differs from the current popular engineering textbooks on finite
elements. The mathematics is also presented as simply as possible, so that the present textbook is
also quite different from state of the art the mathematical treatments of the finite element method.
Cancer Incidence & Cancer Mortality vis-à-vis Correlation, Co-integration and Causation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cancer is the leading cause of death in Australia. It is estimated that more than 130,000 cases will be diagnosed with cancer in 2017 and further, that the estimated number of deaths will be around 50,000. If we look at the time series data of cancer incidence and cancer mortality it seems there is a very high significant correlation between these variables. This may be spurious and misinterpreted which is quite often the case in epidemiological studies. In this paper we have introduced the concept of co-integration and shown that although cancer incidences are increasing very fast, cancer mortality is not increasing that fast. This paper demonstrated that there is no long term relationship or co-integration between these two variables. However, there exists a short-run causal relationship from cancer to mortality for the cases of lung and prostate cancers. The impulse response function reveals that the mortality peaks at second year and the effect gradually disappear after 8 years.
Interaction analysis between germline susceptibility loci and somatic alterations in lung cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Emerging evidence indicates that germline variations may interact with somatic events in carcinogenesis. However, the germline–somatic interaction in lung cancer remains largely unknown. We investigated whether lung cancer driver genes (CDGs) were more likely to locate within cancer susceptibility regions. Pathway analysis was performed to identify common pathways underlying CDGs and cancer susceptibility genes (CSGs). Next, we analyzed the associations between lung cancer risk SNPs and somatic alterations, including mutations and copy number alterations, in the level of genes, pathways, and overall burden of alterations. Enrichment analysis showed that lung CDGs are more likely to locate within cancer susceptibility regions ( p = 8.40 × 10 −3 ). Both of lung CSGs and CDGs showed significant enrichment in pathways such as cell cycle and p53 signaling pathway. Gene‐based analysis showed that rs36600 (22q12.2) was associated with somatic mutations within ARID1A (OR = 2.45, 95%CI: 1.47–4.08, p = 5.78 × 10 −4 ). Pathway‐based analysis of somatic truncation mutations identified rs2395185 and rs3817963 at 6p22.1 was associated with cell cycle pathway (OR = 1.56, p = 3.61 × 10 −4 for rs2395185; OR = 1.58, p = 4.15 × 10 −4 for rs3817963), and rs3817963 was also associated with MAPK signaling pathway (OR = 1.54, p = 8.58 × 10 −4 ). Further analysis associated rs2395185 at 6p22.1 (HLA class II genes) with increased APOBEC3A expression ( p = 9.50 × 10 −3 ) and elevated APOBEC mutagenesis ( p = 3.58 × 10 −3 ). These results indicate germline–somatic interactions in lung tumorigenesis, and help to uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying lung cancer risk SNPs.
Steady-State Genetic Algorithm for Self-localization in Illuminance Measurement of A Mobile Robot

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a steady-state genetic algorithm for self-localization and map building for illuminance measurement of a mobile robot. The map is represented by 2 dimensional discrete cell space. According to the measured distance by laser range finder, the map is updated sequentially. When the difference between the measured distance and the map data is large, a steady-state genetic algorithm corrects the self-location. Finally we show computer simulation and experimental results of the proposed method.
Self-Reported Hand-Washing Practices of Idaho State University Physical Therapy Graduates

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the hand-washing practices of Idaho State University physical therapy graduates. Other aspects of the study provided a retrospective evaluation of instructional methods and possible influences of age, gender, practice setting, and length of time practicing as a physical therapist on hand-washing behaviors. Graduates (1991-1993, n=64) were surveyed to evaluate compliance to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention standards for hand washing. Data from respondents (n=52) were analyzed with t tests and chi-square analyses for differences in compliance to hand-washing standards by practice setting, gender, age, and year of graduation. The majority of respondents (n=34, 65%) did not comply with hand-washing standards. There were no significant differences in hand-washing behaviors by age, gender, year of graduation, and practice setting. Differences in instructional methods did not influence compliance rates in our study. More research is necessary to determine whether these findings are indicative of graduates from other physical therapy programs and to determine factors that influence physical therapists' compliance to hand-washing standards after graduation.
Multiple Self-Healing Indeterminate Cell Lesions of the Skin in an Adult

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report a case of multiple cutaneous indeterminate cell proliferative lesions in an adult without any other organ involvement. All lesions regressed spontaneously over 5 years without recurrence over a 4-year period of follow-up. The electron-microscopic and immunohistochemical features of the cellular infiltrate were those of the indeterminate cells. This case supports the hypothesis that indeterminate cell proliferative disorder is a wide spectrum of conditions with variegated clinicopathologic presentation and with different biological behavior.
A revision of the South American species of the ant genus Probolomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Agosti, D. (1995): A revision of the South American species of the ant genus Probolomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 102: 429-434, URL: http://research.amnh.org/entomology/social_insects/ants/publications/8080/8080.pdf
Legal Certainty and Arbitration

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter assesses legal certainty in international arbitration. It specifically considers the noticeable shift in the balance between legal certainty and legal flexibility. While legal flexibility surely continues to deserve a place among the core values of international arbitration, it is legal certainty’s stock that has been on the rise in recent years. The shift can be felt throughout the international arbitration system, and it is mainly driven by an increased awareness that too much flexibility can ultimately imperil arbitration’s legitimacy. While, in the commercial setting, the shift toward greater certainty is occurring in response to concerns emanating from users of arbitral services, in the investment context, it rather reflects concerns about the power of arbitrators to shape public international law.
The Equality of Public School District Funding in the United States: A National Status Report

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

For over 30 years, the distribution of educational opportunities and the equality of education funding across communities has generated considerable interest among policy makers, the public, and the courts. This article takes advantage of national data sets to examine funding equality across school districts in 49 states for fiscal years 1992 and 1995. It presents rankings of each state's funding equality and explores factors that may be related to the level of equality within states and to changes across years. The analyses suggest that, overall, within‐state equality improved slightly between 1992 and 1995, although most states' relative rankings changed little during the period. States with fewer school districts relative to students tended to have a more equal distribution of education dollars than states with more districts. States with higher proportions of revenues provided by state governments generally showed a more equitable distribution of resources than states in which districts were more dependent on local revenues.
Research on Formal Modeling Based on CPN for Movement Authority of High-Speed Railway CTCS-3

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Train Movement Authority(MA) concerns train movement safety. This paper proposed a formal model for Chinese Train Control System-3(CTCS-3) based on train MA. Paper analyzed the rounded CTCS-3, formed MA computation models for various application functions, and finished MA hierarchical and functional computation models based on Colored Petri Nets(CPN). The results of experiment demonstrates that the model proposed in this paper is effective, it can reflect the whole information change and transmission process of CTCS-3 accurately, and can help to design and develop MA of CTCS-3.
Literature, Ideology, and the Voiding of Aesthetic Categories: de Man, Derrida, Lacan

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article studies examines the relationship of literature, ideology, and reading through a study of language, or la langue, as explored by De Man, Derrida, and Lacan. It attempts to show that structure, assumed to be the given of language, even within deconstruction, is, as structure, that which undoes structure. Literature explores this possibility of language, which is that it be and not be at the same time. The article finishes by studying the connection between this idea of literature as the possibility of language and the possibility of man, an important theme of the above three thinkers.
Air Force Personnel Research: Recommendations for Improved Alignment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract : In 2009, Air Force Force Management Division (AF/A1PF) asked the RAND Corporation for assistance in identifying whether the existing personnel research efforts were meeting the broader Air Forces personnel research needs. In response, RAND Project Air Force conducted a series of interviews with key personnel in the Air Force to identify the organizations involved in personnel-related research efforts. Informed by the findings, the RAND team suggested several ways to improve the organizational structure to reduce duplication and help streamline the work. In 2011, the RAND team reported its recommendations for realignment to Air Force leadership in a draft report summarizing the state of the relevant organizations as of 2010. This report publishes those findings. Although the organizations and their structures may have changed since the report was produced in early 2012 (to include merging of the Air Force Manpower Agency and Air Force Personnel Center), many of the findings and core recommendations of this work still stand.
Lead Structure-Based Hybridization Strategy Reveals Major Potency Enhancement of SirReal-Type Sirt2 Inhibitors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Selective and potent inhibitors of the NAD+-dependent deacetylase Sirt2 represent a valuable epigenetic strategy for the treatment of currently incurable diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. Guided by molecular docking and MM/GBSA validation studies, a lead structure-based hybridization strategy was developed, resulting in a series of very effective Sirt2 inhibitors. With RW-93, we present a highly potent and subtype selective Sirt2 inhibitor (IC50 = 16 nM), which as a next generation SirReal-type inhibitor significantly surpasses established Sirt2 inhibitors and contributes to the extension of the current SAR profile. The structural modification strategy employed in this study proved to be highly promising, resulting in the identification of the most potent low-molecular-weight Sirt2 inhibitor reported to date, providing a promising target for further medicinal chemistry-driven SAR studies.
Textile Hand: Comparison of Two Evaluation Methods

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The article presents new test results concerning objective and subjective hand evaluation of 25 textile fabrics (woven and knitted). Textile hand was assessed subjectively by hand-picked judges panel, which in the way of direct survey assessed the fabrics in respect to 10 properties (smoothness, softness, thickness, roughness, weight, hardness, elasticity, stiffness, warmth and pleasing to handle) suitable to characterize the fabric hand. Textile hand was evaluated objectively using KTU-Griff-Tester on the basis of 5 determined parameters. Comparative analysis was made between the results obtained by judges ’ survey and the parameters determined experimentally by using the methods of mathematical statistics. The level of the judges ’ agreement according to each fabric property was evaluated on the basis of Kendall’s concordance coefficient. Correlation between the assessment of the separate judge and the assessment of the total judges ’ group was determined on the basis of Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Experimental data were estimated similarly as in the case of subjectively obtained results. The obtained dependencies between the subjectively and objectively determined parameters, suitable for the textile hand characterization, are not linear therefore the correlation between the subjective and objective methods is tenuous and coincidental.