jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF INDONESIAN LANGUAGE USAGE ON SIGNBOARDS TOURIST ATTRACTIONS AND ROADS IN CENTRAL MALUKU REGENCY

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The use of proper and correct Indonesian on public signage reflects professionalism and the image of a region in the eyes of tourists and the general public. This study aims to analyze the use of Indonesian on tourism signage and street signs in Central Maluku Regency. This research uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach to reveal the reality of Indonesian language usage in public spaces. The findings of this study include two main results. First, the portrayal of Indonesian usage on tourism signage and street signs in the areas of Tulehu, Waai, Liang, and Morella, which contains 16 data points (10 tourism signage data and 6 street sign data). These are only three tourism signs (in Tulehu, Liang, and Morella) adhered to normative theory, while the rest did not, especially those in Wai, Liang, Tulehu, and Morella. Second, there are four areas where the signs align with communicative theory (Tulehu, Waai, Liang); however, two data points in Tulehu and Morella do not align due to incorrect writing on street signs, which causes confusion among road users. This study makes a significant contribution to the development of language policy, particularly in organizing Indonesian language in public spaces in Central Maluku Regency. The results can serve as a reference for local governments, tourism destination managers, and the public to raise awareness and skills in using proper and correct Indonesian, thus creating a positive regional image and facilitating public communication
Studies on classification of fMRI data using deep learning approach

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Brain as main server for entire human body is a complex composition. It is a challenging task to read and interpret the brain. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has become one of the means to do the task. fMRI is a non-invasive technique to measure brain activity of a human subject according to various stimuli. However, the fMRI datasets for each subject is huge and high-dimensional. For instance, the dataset has four dimensions for 3D images time series. Pre-processing and analysing using pattern recognition are insignificance for datasets with varied anatomical structures and dimensions. On the other hand, supervised learning or biomarker is employed to reduce the curse-of-dimensionality of fMRI datasets. Yet, the process is difficult and subjective to the labeled datasets. Therefore, a well-versed approach in signal processing, natural language processing (NLP) and object recognition, known as deep learning is seen to have higher standard than usual classification approach. Deep learning is the improved version of neural network with higher capability and accuracy. This paper aims to review the deep learning approach in fMRI classifications based on three studies on fMRI data classification.
Living Conditions оf the Internally Displaced Persons іn Ukraine

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Th e number of the registered internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Ukraine has reached 1.4 million.Since the beginning of the displacement, the housing problem has been one of the main (along with employment) for this category of internal migrants.Over the past six years, some steps have been taken by the Ukrainian state and the international organizations to accommodate and improve IDPs' living conditions in new settlements.However, this issue remains relevant today.It is appropriate to analyze the living conditions of the IDPs in Ukraine with the development of specifi c indicators.Th e purpose of the study is to assess the living conditions of the IDPs in Ukraine for the period from March 2016 to June 2019.Th e author analyzes the reports of the National Monitoring System on the Situation of IDPs, reports of the international organizations as well as the relevant legislative framework of Ukraine and state programs.Methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison method have allowed identifying the indicators that can be used as measures of the assessment of living conditions of the IDPs in Ukraine in the spheres of "Housing" and "Safety of living".Th e innovation character of the article is represented by fi ve indicators for assessing the living conditions of the IDPs in Ukraine: "Households of the IDPs living in their own housing", "Households of the IDPs living in separate housing", "Self-assessment of satisfaction with living conditions of the IDPs", "Self-assessment of safety of living conditions of the IDPs", "Self-assessment of safety of the environment and infrastructure of the settlement of the IDPs".Th e following positive trends are identifi ed: inclusion of this group into the state lending programs for home purchases; the construction of temporary social housing for the IDPs; an increase in the share of the IDPs living in their own housing; three-quarters of the IDPs can aff ord to rent separate housing; the IDPs highly value the quality of living conditions and the level of security of the living environment.It is established that the limited ability of the IDPs to acquire their own housing or to obtain social housing in ownership remain the main problems.Th e following government policy measures are proposed: continued raising of funds from the international donors for the construction of social housing ПРОБЛЕМИ ЛЮДСЬКОГО РОЗВИТКУ ПРОБЛЕМИ ЛЮДСЬКОГО РОЗВИТКУ
Editoral: Cough suppressants for children.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cough suppressants for childrenWhen asked to treat the cough of a child or adult, the first step is not to prescribe medicine but to determine the cause.Much the commonest cause of an acute cough in a child is a cold, with pharyngitis or tracheobronchitis or a postnasal discharge.The postnasal discharge is often the most annoying result of a cold.The child has little if any cough by day but coughs continually when he lies down at night to try to go to sleep.A postnasal discharge may also result from adenoids or an antrum infection.Most recurrent coughs, if not due to colds, are allergic in origin; some may be due to viral bronchitis.'An acute cough which repeatedly makes the child sick and is worse at night is probably a symptom of pertussis.An acute cough may result from an inhaled foreign body, and it is a mistake to assume that in such cases the coughing always has a sudden onset.The cough may be delayed until pneumonitis develops, or there may be only a wheeze, as in 106 of a series of 230 cases of inhaled foreign bodies.2A chronic or recurrent cough may be due to one or both parents smoking, for infants and children of parents who smoke experience more bronchitis and pneumonia than do children of non-smokers.3Again, a cough may be a habit or an attention-seeking device.It is useless to prescribe antibiotics for a cough immediately after a cold or occurring during an attack of measles, because virus infections do not respond to antibiotics and antibiotics will not prevent bacterial complications of a cold or measles.Neither is it correct to prescribe an antibiotic for an apparent respiratory infection at the onset of an attack of asthma, for these infections are nearly always viral.5 6 As Gold7 remarked, the fact that a patient has a cough does not indicate that he needs treatment for it.Enormous sums of money are wasted on cough medicines.In Britain in 19688 more than 8 million prescriptions were written for just seven linctus preparations at a cost of over fl 500 000.More recently some 75 million doses of linctus were prescribed in this country in one year.Many more millions of doses are bought in the chemists' shops without prescription.But in most cases of
Left ventricular chamber dilation and filling pressure may help to categorise patients with type 2 diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Type 2 diabetes may alter cardiac structure and function. Many patients with type 2 diabetes have diastolic dysfunction with preserved ejection fraction (EF). Recently, this latter measure was criticised. Thus, this research looked at the impact of left ventricular end-diastolic volume and E/e′ ratio variations in patients with type 2 diabetes and preserved EF with the aim to recognise different clinical phenotypes. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated 176 men affected by type 2 diabetes with transthoracic echocardiography. All subjects have preserved EF (>50%). Patients were stratified into four groups based on the median value of both left ventricular end-diastolic volume and E/e′ ratio, and the clinical variables were registered. The independent predictors associated with the groups were analysed by a multinomial logistic regression model. Results Diabetes duration, age, estimated glomerular filtration rate and antihypertensive treatments were significantly different among the groups as were EF, left atrial volume index (LAVI), E/A, septum thickness and s′ mean wave. Multinomial regression analysis showed that the groups significantly differed for age, diabetes duration, EF, LAVI, septum thickness and s′ mean wave. The main result of this study was that patients with higher left ventricular volume and higher E/e′ ratio (group 2) showed the worse clinical profile. Conclusions Our study might suggest that variations of left ventricular end-diastolic volume along with E/e′ ratio variations, even in the normal range, may allow to recognise phenotypes of patients with type 2 diabetes with worse clinical characteristics. This finding should be tested in prospective studies to assess the predictive roles of these phenotypes.
Vibration of Prestressed Membrane Structures in Air

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Including air effects in the finite-element model of large deployable membrane structures can lead to considerable simplification in the ground testing of these structures, by removing the need to carry out extensive tests in vacuum chambers. This paper presents a finite-element modelling technique which simulates very accurately the air-membrane interaction. Results obtained with the ABAQUS package are compared with three test cases, which include a closed-form analytical solution and two sets of experiments.
Design of a neuro-fuzzy controller

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The essence of fuzzy control is to build a model of human expert who is capable of controlling the plant without thinking in terms of mathematical model. The transformation of expert's knowledge in terms of control rules to fuzzy framework has not been formalized and arbitrary choices concerning, for example, the shape of membership functions have to be made. The quality of fuzzy controller can be drastically affected by the choice of membership functions. Thus, methods for tuning the fuzzy logic controllers are needed. In this paper, neural networks are used in a novel way to solve the problem of tuning a fuzzy logic controller. The neuro-fuzzy controller uses the neural network learning techniques to tune the membership functions while keeping the semantics of the fuzzy logic controller intact. Both the architecture and the learning algorithm are presented for a general neuro-fuzzy controller. From this general neuro-fuzzy controller, a proportional neuro-fuzzy controllers is derived. A step by step algorithm for off-line training is given along with numerical examples.
Other trends and possible future developments

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The concept of a planar antenna was introduced and the various forms currently available were noted. The microstrip planar antenna was shown to have some particular advantages over conventional antennas, such as very thin profile, low weight and low cost, together with some possible problems such as lower efficiency, narrower bandwidth operation, sidelobe and cross-polarisation levels, tolerance control and substrate surface waves. These properties were then addressed throughout the main text which covered the underlying theory of operation, and state-of-the-art design of the basic microstrip antenna forms. Some variants of microstrip antennas are presented which highlight supplementary trends in microstrip antenna development, in addition to continued improvements in the performance of basic designs.
Fulbright Scholar Program for Library Science Professionals: Showcase of Two Recent Projects conducted by Academic Librarians

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this poster is to promote the core Fulbright U.S. Scholar Program among the library science community by showcasing two of the recent U.S. Scholar Fulbright research projects. The Fulbright Scholarship Program sponsors U.S. citizens for exchanges in all areas of endeavor, including the library science. There have been more than 250,000 Fulbright students, scholars and teachers; including library science professionals served as a Fulbright grantee since 1948. The core Fulbright Scholar Program attracts some 800 U.S. faculty and professionals each year to 140 countries to lecture, teach and conduct research. According to data gathered from CIES database, there have been only 22 projects conducted in the library science involving 18 countries, 20 home institutions and 21 host institutions during 2010-2016. The award annual distribution was 2010-2011 (9), 2011-2012 (4), 2012-2013 (2), 2013-2014 (4), 2014-2015 (2), 2015- 2016 (1). The data gathered from CIES may also assist to prospective Fulbright applicants to pinpoint welcoming host countries and institutions for their application process. It is hoped that this poster will reach to a wider library science community during the IFLA conference to build a communication between these two past awardees and the prospective future Fulbright scholars.
Reprogrammable and reconfigurable mechanical computing metastructures with stable and high-density memory

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Mechanical computing encodes information in deformed states of mechanical systems, such as multistable structures. However, achieving stable mechanical memory in most multistable systems remains challenging and often limited to binary information. Here, we report leveraging coupling kinematic bifurcation in rigid cube–based mechanisms with elasticity to create transformable, multistable mechanical computing metastructures with stable, high-density mechanical memory. Simply stretching the planar metastructure forms a multistable corrugated platform. It allows for independent mechanical or magnetic actuation of individual bistable element, serving as pop-up voxels for display or binary units for various tasks such as information writing, erasing, reading, encryption, and mechanologic computing. Releasing the pre-stretched strain stabilizes the prescribed information, resistant to external mechanical or magnetic perturbations, whereas re-stretching enables editable mechanical memory, akin to selective zones or disk formatting for information erasure and rewriting. Moreover, the platform can be reprogrammed and transformed into a multilayer configuration to achieve high-density memory.
Optimal Coupled Spacecraft Rendezvous and Docking Using Multi-Objective Optimization

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Spacecraft rendezvous and docking are two processes in which a chaser pursues and meets a leader spacecraft in order to perform several mission based tasks. Although in some preliminary design analysis, these two operations may be pursued independently there could be circumstances in which the spacecraft trajectory and attitudes are coupled and interdependent. The present study is based on the presumption that the often independent translational and rotational motions of the spacecraft are coupled as a result of thrust misalignment. So the thrusters not only contribute to the rendezvous translational motion, but also affect the docking reorientation maneuver through their disturbing effects. In this regard, the coupled spacecraft rendezvous and docking (RvD) maneuver is treated as a multi-objective optimization problem. Multi-objective ant colony optimization (ACOR) and Genetic algorithm (GA) as new variants of multi objective metaheuristics that have proven to be successful in handling non convex and multi minima problems are utilized to determine the required pareto front. Three design points are selected such that a wide range of mission based operations are covered and the results are compared. It is shown that, despite the presence of the disturbing effects due to the thruster misalignment, the required control commands are reasonable. For a comparative analysis, two different schemes are also utilized to obtain the closed loop control form for the RvD problem under study and their results are compared.
The Europeanisation of Europe’s Asylum Policy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper examines how the refugee protection obligations of European countries have been affected by increasing integration and enlargement of the European Union. The creation of an EU area without internal border controls for the movement of persons has had a profound effect on the way in which countries in the European area interpret their protection obligations. On the one hand, there has been an attempt by EU Member States to justify an interpretation of protection obligations which permits a pooling of responsibility for asylum seekers and refugees among a number of states (often to the detriment of their neighbours), on the other, there has been an increasing judicialisation of protection duties at the supra-national level through the European Court of Human Rights which has pushed in the direction of a 'collectivisation' of responsibility. An important tension is evolving regarding the extent of protection obligations which is being played out on the body of the refugee: when is she within the jurisdiction and when is she not?
Studies on acute toxicity and mutagenicity of potassium 2-(1-hydroxypentyl)-benzoate

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the acute toxicity and mutagenicity of potassium 2-(1-hydroxypentyl)-benzoate(dl-PHPB). METHODS:KM mice were intravenously treated with dl-PHPB at the doses of 256.0、286.3、320.0、357.8、400.0 and 447.2 mg/kg. We observed the clinical signs of toxicity and calculated the median lethal dose(LD5 0) and LD50 95% confidence interval. Mutagenicity of dl-PHPB was studied by Ames test,bone marrow micronucleus study in male mice and in vitro CHL cell mammalian chromosome aberration assay. In Ames test,the tester strains used were Salmonella typhimurium TA97,TA98,TA100 and TA102,mutagenicity was evaluated with the plate incorporation method beginning at 0.5,5,50,500 and 5 000 μg per plate in the absence or presence of S9 metabolic activation. In bone marrow micronucleus study,KM male mice were intravenously treated with dl-PHPB at the dosse of 210、70 and 23.3 mg/kg. Bone marrow cells were harvested from mice at 24 hours after dosing. 1 000 PCEs per animal were examined microscopically for the presence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes(MNPCEs). The in vitro CHL cell mammalian chromosome aberration study on dl-PHPB consisted of the premilinary toxicity assay and chromosome aberration assay,with and without S9 metabolic activation system, and chromosomal aberration percentage per dosewere analyzed. RESULTS:In the acute toxicity study,all mice after dosing developed transient toxic symptoms such as tachypnea,sautonomic activity decreased,prostration,then the dying state were observed at dosage of ≥ 320.0 mg/kg,mice appeared respiratory depression,cyanosis,loss of righting reflex,and died during 2 to 30 minute after administration. The mortality rate of mice treated with dl-PHPB from 256.0 to 447.2 mg/kg were 0,0,10%,30%, 70%,100%,respectively. The survival mice returned to normal after 30 min. In the 14-days observation period,there were no abnormal clinical signs in the surviving animals and the general autopsy showed no abnormality in major organs. The intravenous median lethal dose of dl-PHPB was 373.3 mg/kg in mice,LD50 95% confidence interval was 355.6 to 392.0 mg/kg. In the Ames assay,no positive mutagenic response was observed. In bone marrow micronucleus study,a single bolus intravenous administration of dl-PHPB at dosages of 23.3,70 and 210 mg/kg didn't induce a significant increase in the number of MNPCEs in the bone marrow,MNPCEs were less than 4‰ at three dosages. In CHL chromosome aberration assay,dl-PHPB achieved a chromosome aberration of less than 5% in the presence and absence of S9 mixture. CONCLUSION:The intravenous median lethal dose of dl-PHPB was 373.3 mg/kg in mice,and dlPHPB was not mutagenic in these 3 screening mutation a ssays.
Regular Operators on Hilbert C^*-modules

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A regular operator T on a Hilbert C^*-module is defined just like a closed operator on a Hilbert space, with the extra condition that the range of (I+T^*T) is dense. Semiregular operators are a slightly larger class of operators that may not have this property. It is shown that, like in the case of regular operators, one can, without any loss in generality, restrict oneself to semiregular operators on C^*-algebras. We then prove that for abelian C^*-algebras as well as for subalgebras of the algebra of compact operators, any closed semiregular operator is automatically regular. We also determine how a regular operator and its extensions (and restrictions) are related. Finally, using these results, we give a criterion for a semiregular operator on a liminal C^*-algebra to have a regular extension.
Influence of protective drugs on the EEG during short-term transient ischaemia.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Influence of drugs on the cessation time of the brain electrical activity (resistance time) during total cerebral ischaemia evoked by clamping of the aorta for 50 sec; on the duration of its reappearance during reperfusion (restitution time) and on the background activity of EEG were studied. The experiments were carried out in 7 groups. Each group contained 5 animals. Nine clampings with intermittent reperfusion periods of 10 min were performed in each animal. One group served as control. In the remaining ones after the first three clampings the animals were given Glyo-6, Nootropil, Verpamil, Epanutin, Inactin or Lidocain. The resistance and restitution times measured in the control group as well as the reproductibility of the power spectrum values of the EEG provided evidence for the stability of the model. Glyo-6 in a dose of 10 mg/kg, Nootropil in a dose of 100 mg/kg or Verpamil in a dose of 0.125 mg/kg did not alter the above-mentioned parameters. As an effect of the administration of Epanutin in a dose of 10 mg/kg, the resistance time increased slightly, whereas restitution time decreased significantly. Administration of Inactin in a dose of 15 mg/kg, or Lidocain in a dose of 100 mg/kg increased considerably resistance time for a period of about one hour. The results indicate that in the initial phase of ischaemic brain damage both the cessation of EEG activity and the restitution during reperfusion after short-term occlusion of the circulation can be influenced favourable with drugs which decrease cerebral metabolism, inhibit synaptic transmission and have membrane stabilizing effect.
Exploiting emotions to disambiguate dialogue acts

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes an attempt to reveal the user’s intention from dialogue acts, thereby improving the effectiveness of natural interfaces to pedagogical agents. It focuses on cases where the intention is unclear from the dialogue context or utterance structure, but where the intention may still be identified using the emotional state of the user. The recognition of emotions is based on physiological user input. Our initial user study gave promising results that support our hypothesis that physiological evidence of emotions could be used to disambiguate dialogue acts. This paper presents our approach to the integration of natural language and emotions as well as our first empirical results, which may be used to endow interactive agents with emotional capabilities.