jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Stability of Locking and Non-Locking Plates in an Osteoporotic Calcaneal Fracture Model

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The aim of this biomechanical cadaver study of calcaneal fractures was to investigate whether a locking calcaneal plate provides more stiffness in osteoporotic bone compared to a non-locking plate. Materials and Methods: Sixteen fresh frozen bone mineral density (BMD)-matched cadaver feet were tested in a four-part model of a Sanders Type IIB calcaneal fracture. The fractures were fixed either with a non-locking AO (Sanders) plate or an interlocking AO plate (Synthes, Paoli, PA) to the lateral calcaneal wall with six screws. Specimens were subjected to cyclic loading which was increased stepwise to full body weight. Displacement of the posterior facet fragment was measured with an optical tracking system in the sagittal and transverse planes. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed between the non-locking and the locking plates with respect to number of cycles to failure or 1-mm displacement of the posterior facet. The initial stiffness was significantly higher for non-locking plates. Conclusion: In osteoporotic bone, the greater stiffness of the screw-locking-plate construct was offset by the smaller diameter of the screw threads and the lower friction between the plate and bone when a locking plate was used. In clinical practice, the plate should first be compressed to osteoporotic bone with cancellous screws and at least two screws should be placed in the anterior process and in the tuberosity of the calcaneus.
Pengalaman, Due Professional Care, Akuntabilitas dan Kualitas Audit

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT This research was aimed to analyze and provide empirical evidences about the impact of experience, due professional care, and accountability on audit quality. This study was conducted by using survey method with questionnaire.The population in this study are auditors who work in Inspectorate General of the Ministry of Health. This study used convenience sampling which was conducted by determination of samples counted with Slovin formula, so that only 89 questionnaires could be processed. Data analysis was conducted using multiple regression model. The result proved that experience, due professional care,and accountability on audit quality simultaneously. Besides that, this study proved that e, due professional care, and accountability, audit quality partially, but experienc didn’t influence audit quality. ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui, menganalisis dan mendapatkan bukti empiris tentang pengaruh pengalaman, due professional care, dan akuntabilitas terhadap kualitas audit yang dimiliki auditor Inspektorat Jenderal Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei dengan kuesioner. Populasi penelitian ini adalah semua auditor yang bekerja pada Inspektorat Jenderal Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Data dianalisis dengan melakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik dan pengujian hipotesis dengan metode regresi linier berganda. Data yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini yaitu data primer dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada 89 responden. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan faktor pengalaman, due professional care dan akuntabilitas mempengaruhi kualitas audit, secara parsial due professional care dan akuntabilitas mempengaruhi kualitas audit, sedangkan pengalaman tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas audit.
The level of assertiveness, Self-esteem and Communication Skills among Nursing Students of Helwan University

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Background: Assertiveness is significant communication style that is essential skills for nurse students.Having assertiveness skills and high self-esteem is crucial for nursing students to ensure competent and safe practice.In addition, having excellent communication skills is necessary for nurse students before starting their carrier.Aim of the study: a descriptive study aimed to determine the level of assertiveness, self-esteem and communication skills among nursing students of Helwan University.Design: A descriptive design used in this study.Setting:This study carried out at the psychiatric and mental health nursing classes, Faculty of Nursing -Helwan University.Sample: A convenience sample of (104) university nursing students were included for the conduction of this study.Tools of data collection: The study tools divided into four tools.I: Socio-demographic Sheet.II: Rathus Assertiveness Scale.III: Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale and IV:
Modeling the Office of Science Ten Year Facilities Plan: The PERI Architecture Team

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Performance Engineering Institute (PERI) originally proposed a tiger team activity as a mechanism to target significant effort optimizing key Office of Science applications, a model that was successfully realized with the assistance of two JOULE metric teams. However, the Office of Science requested a new focus beginning in 2008: assistance in forming its ten year facilities plan. To meet this request, PERI formed the Architecture Tiger Team, which is modeling the performance of key science applications on future architectures, with S3D, FLASH and GTC chosen as the first application targets. In this activity, we have measured the performance of these applications on current systems in order to understand their baseline performance and to ensure that our modeling activity focuses on the right versions and inputs ofthe applications. We have applied a variety of modeling techniques to anticipate the performance of these applications on a range of anticipated systems. While our initial findings predict that Office of Science applications will continue to perform well on future machines from major hardware vendors, we have also encountered several areas in which we must extend our modeling techniques in order to fulfilll our mission accurately and completely. In addition, we anticipate that models of a wider range of applications will reveal critical differences between expected future systems, thus providing guidance for future Office of Science procurement decisions, and will enable DOE applications to exploit machines in future facilities fully.
“Weeping at the Grave Creates the Song: Alleluia”: The Nachleben of Russian Orthodox Funeral Hymns in Modern Culture

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter explores the reception within modern culture of Russian Orthodox Christian funeral ritual and its hymnography, grounded in early Byzantine traditions. The selected examples of modern literary and musical works span from the 1940s to the 1990s. They are produced in Russian (Anna Akhmatova; Boris Pasternak), Swedish and Finland Swedish (Vera Alexandrova; Hagar Olsson), Church Slavonic (Krzysztof Penderecki), and English (John Tavener). Through their references to Orthodox funeral hymns and practices, a religious and cultural heritage that was severely threatened and almost destroyed by the atheistic communist state of the Soviet Union was remebered and activated anew. Due to their transfer into a secular semiosphere, the funerary texts gained new meanings and functions according to the norms and values which set the standards for modern culture.
The Controversy of the Underprepared Student at Vassar College and Cornell University, 1865–1890

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This historical study examines the issues surrounding the admission of underprepared students at Vassar College and Cornell University from 1865 to 1890. In doing so, the article discusses institutional controversies regarding the admission and subsequent education of academically inadequate students. Further, the article identifies educational practices aimed at remedying these deficiencies. Finally, the research considers Vassar’s and Cornell’s efforts to develop working relationships with emerging secondary schools. These efforts were intended to improve both Vassar’s and Cornell’s admission requirements and academic standards.
OUTCOME OF CLOSED NEEDLE SPINAL BIOPSIES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The results of fluoroscopically-guided closed needle (3.5-mm diameter) biopsies performed under general anaesthesia on 70 consecutive patients with lumbar spine pathology were reviewed. There were 36 men and 34 women with a mean age of 38 years. Sixty-four patients were Frankel-E, four were Frankel-D and two were Frankel-C. The mean duration of the procedure (three tissue cores) was 17 minutes. Consultants performed 42% of the procedures and registrars the rest under supervision. All specimens were subjected to histological, cytological and microbiological evaluation. The results show a histological diagnostic yield of 88.57%. Of the 47 infective lesions, 34 were due to tuberculosis, three were pyogenic and 10 were reported as chronic non-specific inflammations. In the 14 patients with neoplastic lesions, nine were metastatic and five were primary bone tumours. Histological diagnosis was inconclusive in six patients. Traction artefacts were noted in two patients with sclerotic lesions and one patient revealed normal bone. In tuberculosis, the culture was positive in only 29% of patients. The combined Lowenstein-Jensen and mycobacterial growth indicator tube media improved detection time and recovery rate of mycobacteria from smear negative specimens by 10%. The overall diagnostic yield for tuberculosis was 72.34%. The diagnostic accuracy and safety of fluoroscopically-guided closed needle biopsy is comparable to that of CT scan and it is more cost effective. It should be an integral part of the management algorithm for spinal pathology.
Dynamics of (Sophora japonica) Community's tree individual number along elevation gradient in Ye County

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Applying plant communities diversity techniques and SPSS statistical analysis, we quantify how that the relationship between (Sophora japonica) community’s tree individual number and elevation along elevation gradient in Ye County. We concluded that there is a significantly negative correlation between (Sophora japonica) community’s tree individual number and elevation (P
Matrix analysis and design for grating-laser resonators

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This paper deals with the analysis and design of dye-laser resonators, using an optical transfer matrix which describes the behavior of a plane grating in Littrow mounting. The presence of a diffraction grating in a resonator cavity introduces an operation asymmetry in the planes parallel and transverse to the grating's grooves (X and Y operations). Our matrix analysis allows to characterize the resonator stability for both operation planes. Several resonator configurations are discussed and an improved design is proposed.
Immune activation in context

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Innate Immunity
Dendritic cells (DCs) initiate protective immunity upon binding molecules derived from microbes or released from dying cells. Zanoni et al. examined how microbial and endogenous signals interact to shape the course of the ensuing immune response (see the Perspective by Napier and Monack). They found that oxPAPC, an oxidized phospholipid released from dying cells, binds to a protein called caspase-11 in DCs, activating an inflammatory program in these cells. Whereas caspase-11 binding to oxPAPC and bacterial lipopolysaccharide causes DCs to produce the cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) and undergo cell death, binding to oxPAPC alone triggers DCs to secrete IL-1 and induce strong adaptive immunity. Thus, context-dependent signals can shape the ensuing immune response.

Science , this issue p. [1232][1]; see also p. [1173][2]

[1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aaf3036
[2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aag0366
The relationship between daily cardiovascular mortality and daily ambient concentrations of particulate pollutants (sulfur, arsenic, selenium, and mercury) and daily source contributions from coal power plants and smelters (individually, combined, and with interaction) in Phoenix, AZ, 1995–1998: A multipollutant approach to acute, time-series air pollution epidemiology: I

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The objective of this paper is to estimate the increase in risk of daily cardiovascular mortality due to an increase in the daily ambient concentration of the individual particulate pollutants sulfur (S), arsenic (As), selenium (Se), and mercury (Hg) using single-pollutant models (SPMs) and to compare this risk to the combined increase in risk due to an increase in all four pollutants by including all four pollutants in the same model (multipollutant model, MPM) and to the risks from source contributions from power plants and smelters. Individual betas in a multipollutant model (MPM) were summed to give a combined beta. Interaction was investigated with a pollutant product term. SPMs (controlling for time trends, temperature, and relative humidity), for an interquartile range (IQR) increase in the pollutant concentration on lag day 0, gave these percent excess risks (±95% confidence levels): S, 6.9% (1.3–12%); As, 2.9% (0.4–5.5%); Se, 1.4% (–1.7 to 4.6); Hg, 9.6% (4.8–14.6%). The SPM beta for S (as sulfate) was higher than found in other studies. The SPM beta for Hg gave the largest t-statistic and beta per unit mass of any pollutant studied. An (IQR) increase in all four pollutants gave an excess risk of 15.4% (7.5–23.8%), slightly smaller than the combination of S and Hg, 16.7% (9.1–24.9%). The combined beta was 71% of the sum of the four individual SPM betas, indicating a reduction in confounding among pollutants in the combined model. As and Se were shown to be noncausal; their SPM betas could be explained as confounding by S.Implications: The combined effect of several pollutants can be estimated by including the appropriate pollutants in the same statistical model, summing their individual betas to give a combined beta, and using a variance–covariance matrix to obtain the standard error. This approach identifies and reduces confounding among the species in the multipollutant model and can be used to identify confounded species that have no independent relationship with mortality. The effect of several pollutants acting together may be higher than that of one pollutant. Further work is needed to understand the strong relationship of mortality with particulate mercury and sulfate.
Abstract 17: Social Determinants of Health and Participant Retention in a Disparities Study and Primary Care: Findings From the Hypertension and Values (hyvalue) Trial

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Clinical research has long suffered from a lack of research participants of diverse backgrounds, such as racial-ethnic minorities and women. How social determinants of health (SDOH) influence retention of research participants in clinical trials has not been well studied. Among a population of patients from three diverse health systems who enrolled in a prospective trial testing a psychosocial intervention, values affirmation, on racial disparities in hypertension medication adherence, we assessed whether SDOH were associated with study retention over 6 months. Methods: Adults who self-identified as non-Hispanic White or Black/African American, had uncontrolled hypertension and enrolled in the Hypertension and Values (HYVALUE) trial from January 2016 through June 2019 were included. Measures of high SDOH burden included: 1) self-reported low-education attainment (high school diploma or equivalent or less than a high school education), 2) difficulty paying for basics (individuals that reported it was hard to pay for the basics like food, housing, medical care, and heating), OR 3) social isolation (unmarried or lived alone). Poor study retention was defined as not completing at least one of the 3- or 6-month follow-up visits. Log binomial regression models adjusting for age, gender, and race-ethnicity were used to estimate the probability of study retention associated with 1 or more SDOH factors. Results: Among 814 study participants, the mean age was 63 years (standard deviation, 11.7 years), 59.1% were women, 51.2% were African-American, and 68.6% had at least one SDOH factor. Overall, 78.1% of participants completed at least one follow-up study visit. African-American participants, women, and individuals with public insurance (i.e., Medicare and/or Medicaid) were more likely to have at least one SDOH factor (72.4% of AAs vs 64.5% of white, 71.1% of women vs 64.5% of men, and 75.2% of those with public insurance vs 53.9% with commercial, respectively). Participants with at least one SDOH factor were less likely to have to have completed a follow-up visit compared to those with no SDOH (75.1% vs 84.8%, p =0.002). When adjusted for age, gender and race-ethnicity, those with at least one SDOH remained significantly less likely to have completed a follow-up visit (adjusted RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.85-0.97). Conclusions: In an ongoing prospective trial evaluating the impact of a Values Affirmation intervention on hypertension medication adherence, we found that a higher burden of SDOH was associated with poorer study retention independent of age, gender or race. Our study suggests that trials with diverse populations should consider retention plans that are attentive to challenges of socially disadvantaged participants.
Selective Interaction of DG-5128 with a Low Agonist Affinity State of Alpha-2 Adrenoceptor

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Using rat cerebral cortex membranes, the inhibitory effect of DG-5128 against (3H)-clonidine binding was compared between low (alpha 2L) (in the presence of EDTA) and high (alpha 2H) affinity states (in the presence of excess magnesium) of alpha 2-adrenoceptor for agonists. The Ki value (pKi=6.79) of DG-5128 in the alpha 2L state was 6.4 times higher than the value in the alpha 2H state. Thus, DG-5128 produces alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonism through the selective interaction with an alpha 2L state of the receptor.
The Correlates of Change in International Financial Regulation

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

With which political and economic variables is change in international financial regulation robustly associated? I undertook multivariate regression analysis of this question using a quantitative measure of the regulation of international financial transactions. The measure was created by coding the laws of 64 nations. The associations between change in international financial regulation and measures of long-run economic growth, corporate taxation, government expenditures, and income inequality are estimated, using the models, methods, and data of Batro (1991), Deininger and Squire (1996a), Leamer (1983, 1985), and Levine and Renelt (1992). The findings point to a new agenda for research on international financial regulation.
African Development and the Globalization Imperative: New Directions, Familiar Crises

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Globalisation has emerged as the defining conceptual and contextual socioeconomic framework of analysis for the early 21st century. Throughout Africa particularly, globalisation has become a political-economic buzzword for profound structural change, as well as the focus of vociferous and rigorous criticism by those sectors of society disadvantaged, damaged, orbypassed by the forces of global restructuring. Moreover, globalisation often is discussed from an absolutist perspective and framed almost exclusively within the context of the political state. As a result, regions, places, and people frequently are reduced to insignificant actors or are omitted from the analysis altogether. This paper examines the theoretical and practicalimplications of globalisation for development in Africa and argues for an analytical approach that encompasses key regional and local conditions. With Africa as the framework of reference, six critical elements of development under globalisation are examined: social polarisation, migration, democratisation, cultural identity, transportation, and environmental change. The paper concludes by discussing the concept of ‘globalisation’ and arguing for a policy approach that rethinks the extant framework and restructures the analytical construct in a more proactive manner
Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumors of the posterior fossa

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor (RGNT) of the fourth ventricle is a rare, recently described WHO Grade I neoplasm. The authors report 6 examples of RGNT arising primarily from the cerebellar vermis. All the patients were female, and the mean age of presentation was 24.8 years. The original diagnoses included pilocytic astrocytoma, ependymoma, cerebellar dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT), and oligodendroglioma. The cases showed classic pathological characteristics, although in 2 cases the lesions included DNT-like “floating neurons” involving Purkinje cells, a feature which has not been previously reported to the authors' knowledge. The clinical outcome was excellent with no recurrences after complete resection. These cases expand the known clinical and histological spectrum of this rare tumor type. Given the lack of fourth ventricle involvement in most of these cases, the authors suggest revising the name to RGNT of the posterior fossa.
Landslide displacement estimation by archival digital photogrammetry

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Archival multi-temporal aerial photogrammetry allows to measure displacements of a landslide area when images are co-registered in the same reference system. In this paper we investigated three photogrammetric surveys performed in 1998, 2004 and 2007 in an area of the northern Apennine (Bologna). The study of morphological changes was carried out measuring in stereoscopic vision twelve natural points as roof corner of buildings. Changes were estimated comparing the respective coordinates of the points. Our DEM shows the morphological features and the kinematic of this sliding area with an average grid resolution of 5 m and a maximum elevation error of about 10 cm. Results can improve the geomorphological studies of sliding areas and assist in reducing future hazards
The Effect of the Social Cognitive Factors on the Usage of SNS

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Internet has begun various transformation and innovation in terms of society, culture and industry. Today, Social Network Service(SNS) is an exceedingly popular and useful tool for making human relationships. Previous studies related to SNS, which based on Technology Acceptance Model(TAM), were focused on user acceptance of new technology. However, they had the limitations to focus on technology acceptance, without the consideration of the cognitive factors in using SNS. This study examined how the main factors of intention to use of SNS continuously affect perceived usefulness and ease of use through familiarity, self-expression, hedonic shopping value, utilitarian shopping value and personal relationship. The results of hypothesis testing showed that familiarity, self-expression, hedonic shopping value and personal relationship have some positive impacts on the perceived usefulness and ease of use. The practical contribution of this study is to suggest useful decision alternatives concerned to marketing strategies for acquiring and retaining long-term customers related to SNS business.