jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Human reagins to grass pollens and moulds: their purification and physico-chemical characterization.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Chromatography of reaginic sera (to grass pollens and to moulds) on DEAE-cellulose leads to the concentration of reagins in three well separated fractions. They emerge (a) together with siderophilin, (b) with the early albumin-containing fractions, and (c) in association with strongly adsorbed proteins that require a comparatively high ionic strength buffer for their elution. The proportion of reagins in each of these fractions varies with different sera and with small alterations in the experimental procedure. All three reaginic fractions contain small amounts of γ globulins (referred to as R globulins) of mobilities slightly less than that of siderophilin; (c) contains much α(2M) globulin and there are traces of α(2M) in (a) and (b). Yet the bulk of the γ globulins are shown to be free from reaginic activity, and the same is true of the α(2M) and the β(2M) globulins, of siderophilin and of albumin. The purer the reaginic fractions are the smaller is the portion of the reagins that can be precipitated with the γ globulins by half saturation with ammonium sulphate. In contrast to the bulk of the γ globulins, R globulins and reagins appear to associate readily with other serum proteins, particularly with α(2M) globulins. Fractionation with sodium sulphate produces three fractions of similar potency although they have little in common; one consists of the bulk of the γ globulins (0–15 per cent w/v), the most active fraction of the remaining globulins (15–18 per cent) and the third fraction (supernatant from the 18 per cent precipitate) of albumin containing some α globulins, but only a trace of γ globulin. Ultracentrifugation studies on three main reaginic DEAE-fractions show that the bulk of the reagins are not macroglobulins although misinterpretation can arise from complex formation with α(2M) globulin. High agglutination titres (Stavitsky's method, Stavitsky and Arquilla, 1958) for pollen proteins are associated only with the unretarded non-reaginic γ globulins of post-treatment sera (which contain the blocking antibodies) although traces of agglutinating antibodies can be demonstrated in many fractions, including the reaginic fractions derived from the sera of untreated hay fever subjects.
New Insights Into Fatigue and Health-related Quality of Life After Delivery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Jansen, A.J.; Duvekot, J.J.; Hop, W.C.; Essink-Bot, M.L.; Beckers, E.A.; Karsdorp, V.H.; Scherjon, S.A.; Steegers, E.A.; van Rhenen, D.J. Author Information
Resource Usage Accounting in Grid Computing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Large, geographically distributed and heterogeneous computing infrastructures, such as the Grid, often span multiple organizations and administrative domains. In such infrastructures, resource usage accounting, i.e. keeping track of the resources consumed by single users or entire organizations, is a non-trivial but very important task. This chapter introduces some general aspects and discusses the fundamental requirements that need to be fulfilled in order to guarantee an accurate resource usage accounting. Typical accounting procedures and current practices are described along with other related issues such as the normalization of resource usage information, the standardization of accounting interfaces, billing and charging, resource pricing, market-oriented resource allocation and economic scheduling.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
Introducing Mathematical Modelling to Secondary School Teachers: A Case Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract: In the search for an effective approach to make mathematics education relevant, interesting and beneficial to students, mathematical modelling has emerged as an approach that has the potential to enhance students ‟ mathematical thinking in a creative manner. While this may be so, it is important that teachers be adequately prepared so that they too have the experience doing mathematical modelling themselves. This paper discusses an attempt by a group of teachers who were undergoing an in-service course to model a simple knot. The three emergent themes arising from the case study were (1) the experience of creative and collaborative problem solving, (2) learning mathematics through mathematical discourse, and (3) the concern for time in the modelling process.
Analysis of a production system with a feedback buffer and a general dispatching time

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we analyze a production system with a finite feedback buffer and dispatching time. Parts enter a â€œmain bufferâ€ before they are processed. Processed parts leave the system with probability 1 âˆ’ p or are fed back to a â€œfeedback bufferâ€ with probability p . As soon as the feedback buffer becomes full, the parts in the feedback buffer are dispatched, all at once, to the main buffer by the server for reprocessing. The dispatching time follows a general distribution. Thus the server is engaged either in one of the following states: idle, processing, dispatching. We derive various performance measures such as the mean number of parts in each buffer, the mean system sojourn time and the dispatching rate. We also discuss the effects of the dispatching time on the performance measures. We finally derive the procedure to obtain the optimal buffer size that minimizes the overall operating cost.
[Infant psychiatry].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Infant psychiatry is a discipline concerned with diagnostic assessment, treatment, and prevention of mental health problems in infancy and early childhood. A new diagnostic framework: Zero to three (DC 0-3) has been designed to complement the ICD 10/DSM IV, including new diagnostic categories, and a multiaxial construct addressing developmental and relational aspects. Prevalence and outcome for mental retardation and pervasive developmental disorders are well known. Our knowledge of variations in attachment patterns, disorders of neurophysiological regulation, eating disorders, failure to thrive, emotional, affective, and behavioural problems, disorders of relating and communication, and eventually parent-child relationship disorders is still incomplete. It is recommended to use video and combine clinical evaluation with structured tests in assessment. Intervention may include guidance, psychoeducation, psychotherapy, as well as social and educational support. Parent-child relationship treatment seems effective. Evaluating intervention and treatment raises immense methodological problems. Future research should address how risk and resilience interacts in the psychopathological process and enhance our knowledge of effective intervention strategies.
PENERAPAN ARSITEKTUR METAFORA DALAM REDESAIN PASAR WISATA PLAOSAN KABUPATEN MAGETAN

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<em>Plaosan Tourism Market is the only tourism market at Magetan. This market has a potential to be a tourism destination at Magetan because it is located <em>on the tourist route that head towards the popular attractions in Magetan</em>. However this market is not a real tourism market as it does not meet the requirements for tourist destination which include attractions and facilities. This market does not use the potential of the area provided as attractions, even though Magetan is famous for farming and home industries. The market does not have primary and ancillary facilities to fulfill the tourism aspect. Besides the lack of attractions and facilities, the architecture of the market needs something unique on its design to attract the tourists. The design method used to redesign Plaosan Tourism Market is metaphoric architecture, because it can representate and show unique image, so it can attract tourists. The main problems in planning and designing Plaosan Tourism Market with metaphoric architecture approach ie what kind of attractions are needed in Plaosan Tourism Market, how the concept of facilities that requires tourism aspect, <em>what form it will be used as basis of analogy that represents tourist destinations in Magetan, how to transform the base concept to be a tourism market design with metaphoric architecture. The planning and designing of Plaosan Tourism Market with metaphoric architecture approach use creative thinking method which consists of </em>synthesising, elaborating, and imagining. Based on questionnaries, preferred objects to represent Magetan are Sarangan lake, leather handicrafts, Lawu mountain, and Batik Pringsedaphur, all of which will be to the main idea for the design by turning them into metaphor in designing this tourism market.</em>
Exploitation of heterosis for yield and its contributing traits in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

;'The present investigation was carried out to study genetic parameters for fifteen yield and its contributing characters in 64 (48 F1s, 12 lines and 4 testers) entries with two check varieties during Kharif 2017-18 (Y1) to 2018-19 (Y2). In Y1 heterosis over mid parent for total fruit yield per plant ranged from -55.50 to 98.18 percent and standard heterosis from -55.22 to 94.04 percent. In Y2, heterosis over mid parent for total fruit yield per plant ranged from -55.05 to 99.20 percent and standard heterosis from -58.64 to 79.09 percent. In the case of pooled analysis, heterosis over mid parent for total fruit yield per plant ranged from -55.78 to 98.65 percent and standard heterosis from -56.87 to -85.78 percent. In Y1 Out of 48 crosses, twenty-eight and twenty-two of the F1’s showed significant and positive heterosis over mid parent and standard heterosis for total fruit yield per plant respectively. InY2 out of 48 crosses, twenty-nine and eighteen of the F1’s showed significant and positive heterosis over mid parent and standard heterosis for total fruit yield per plant respectively. In pooled analysis out of 48 crosses, twenty-eight and twenty- one of the F1’s showed significant and positive heterosis over mid parent and standard heterosis for total fruit yield per plant respectively.
Facile Growth of Metal-Rich Cu1.75S and Cu1.8S Microspheres Assembled with Mesoporous Nanosheets and Their Application in Na-Ion Batteries

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Heterogeneous structured-metal sulfides are widely used in various applications due to their excellent electrochemical activity. We report a facile synthesis of Cu1.75S/Cu1.8S microspheres assembled with mesoporous nanosheets and their application in sodium-ion batteries. This unique structure is obtained by a simple reaction of Cu2O octahedra and Na2S in an optimized molar ratio of 1–2.5 in an aqueous solution at room temperature without any other capping agents and chemicals. It is revealed that roxbyite Cu1.75S has preferential growth along the c direction leading to nanosheets with highly exposed (008) facets. The Cu1.75S is transformed into a digenite Cu1.8S phase without a significant morphological change by a thermal treatment. The Cu1.75S and Cu1.8S microspheres with thin sheets have particle sizes of ∼2 μm, surface areas of 5.9 and 3.3 m2 g–1, and mesopores mainly in a range of 2–50 nm. Remarkable sodium storage properties were achieved, including charge capacities of 324 and 327 mAh g–1 at 0.1 C, stable cyclabilities of 93% and 96% over 500 cycles at 3 C, and high-rate capabilities of 285 (88%) and 290 mAh g–1 (90%) at 3 C in a voltage range of 0.3–2.1 V versus Na/Na+.
A vertical oligopoly in which entry increases every firm's profit

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract We develop a model in which each of m manufacturers forms a differentiated final product by assembling n components that are provided by its own n independent suppliers. Each supplier produces a unique component and sells to only one of the manufacturers. The manufacturers engage in product‐differentiated Cournot competition. We show that if initially the number of manufacturers is sufficiently small, and if the number of components is large enough, then, as the number of manufacturers increases, every firm—including downstream manufacturers and their upstream component suppliers—earns more profit. Entry can increase every firm's profit. The package‐tour industry of Japan is an example of such an industry. Drip coffee supplied by competing convenience stores in Japan is another.
Key findings from the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) study: an approach to the optimal ultrasound based characterisation of adnexal pathology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The principal aim of the IOTA project has been to develop approaches to the evaluation of adnexal pathology using ultrasound that can be transferred to all examiners. Creating models that use simple, easily reproducible ultrasound characteristics is one approach.
The boosted proximal difference-of-convex algorithm

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose a boosted proximal difference-of-convex algorithm for solving a minimization problem composed of the sum of a smooth convex function and a continuously differentiable convex function minus a continuous and strongly convex function.By adding an additional line search step, the convergence of proximal difference-of-convex algorithm is accelerated.We prove that any limit point of iterative sequence is a critical point of generalized difference-of-convex programming, and the corresponding objective value decreases monotonically and converges.By assuming that the objective function satisfies the strong Kurdyka-Łojasiewicz inequality, we prove the convergence of whole sequence of the proposed algorithm and give the convergence rate.The strong convexity of the convex part of the minimization problem in [F.J. Aragón Artacho, P.T. Vuong, The boosted difference of convex functions algorithm for nonsmooth functions, SIAM J. Optim.30 (2020), 980-1006] is substituted by the Lipschitz continuity of the gradient of one convex function.Numerical experiments are given to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm compared with the proximal difference-ofconvex algorithm.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Self Directed Learning Terhadap Peningkatan Kualitas Perkuliahan Fisiologi Tumbuhan Di Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi STKIP Riama Medan

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research aims to determine the effect of the Self Directed Learning (SDL) model on improving the quality of plant physiology lectures in the Biology Education Study Program STKIP Riama Medan. The populations are students of Biology Education Study Program TA. 2013/2014 which is 20 people. The sample of the research were all members of the population in this research. The method used in this research is descriptive method with purposive sampling technique. Based on the results of the study, it is known that students have applied the Self Directed Learning (SDL) learning model with high (63%). Learning evaluation results also increased by 15% from 60% to 75%. Self Directed Learning (SDL) model is very influential on improving the quality of Plant Physiology lectures in Biology Education Study Program STKIP Riama Medan.
Some trends of African thought and problems of development

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Intellectual debate in Africa start as reaction against the pessimistic views of Europeans like A. Gobineau, M. Heidegger, E. Renan, D. Hume, E. Renan, R. Kipling, and so on, about the African capacity to develop a rational thought. African intellectuals developed ideas to rehabilitate the image of the continent, and promote the real development of Africa. This started with movements like negritude, Ethnophilosophy, Africanism and Pan-Africanism, and the Nationalist-ideological Philosophy. But the difficulties of these rections lead authors like Hountondji, Eboussi-Boulaga, M. Towa, E. Njoh-Mouelle, etc. to instaure the critical movement, considering philosophy as universal discipline which can be exploited by any society to overcome problems of development. Thus, despite of illegitimate discourses, Africans should view in philosophy an intellectual tool which can sustain a real development of the continent. A new African strategy of thinking should then be developed to challenge current problems of Africa.
Effect of d-metal cations on the reduction of nitrotetrazolium blue to formazan

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A method is suggested for quantitative assessment of the anti-/prooxidant activity of d-metal cations by their effect of the rate of the reduction of nitrotetrazolium blue to formazan in a system generating the superoxide radical anion in the presence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH2). The effect of the acidity of the medium on the anti/prooxidant activity of cations, as well as correlations between the ionization potentials, ionic radii, and antioxidant properties of cations are analyzed.
Antimitotic and toxicogenetic action of Stevia urticifolia aerial parts on proliferating vegetal and mammalian cells: in vitro and in vivo traditional and replacement methods

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Stevia urticifolia Thunb. is an underexploited herb possessing bioactive flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids. The aim of this study was to examine the antiproliferative and toxicogenetic properties of the ethyl acetate extract from Stevia urticifolia aerial parts (EtAcSur) upon Artemia salina, erythrocytes, Allium cepa and sarcoma 180 cells and fibroblasts, as well as in vivo studies on mice to determine systemic, macroscopic, and behavioral alterations and bone marrow chromosomal damage. The assessment using A. salina larvae and mouse blood cells revealed LC50 and EC50 values of 68.9 and 113.6 µg/ml, respectively. Root growth and mitosis were inhibited by EtAcSur, and chromosomal aberrations were detected only at 100 μg/ml. EtAcSur exhibited potent concentration-dependent viability reduction of S180 and L-929 cells and antioxidant capacity employing ABTS• and DPPH•. No previous in vivo studies were performed before with the EtAcSur. Signals of acute toxicity were not observed at 300 mg/kg. Physiological and toxicological investigations at 25 and 50 mg/mg/day i.p. for 8 days did not markedly change body or organ relative weights, nor patterns of spontaneous locomotor and exploratory activities. In contrast, clastogenic effects on bone marrow were found at 50 mg/mg/day. EtAcSur was found to (1) produce toxicity in microcrustaceans, (2) capacity as free radical scavenger, (3) antimitotic, cytotoxic and clastogenic activties upon vegetal and mammalian cells, and (4) lethality on both tumor and normal murine cells indistinctly. In vivo damage systemic effects were not remarkable and clinical signals of toxicity were not observed, suggesting the significant pharmacological potential of S. urticifolia for the development of antineoplastic agents.Abbreviations: ABTS: 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid); DMSO: dimethylsulfoxide; DPPH: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; EC50: effective concentration 50%; EtAcSur: ethyl acetate extract from Stevia urticifolia aerial parts; Hb, hemoglobin; IC50: inhibitory concentration 50%; LC50,: lethal concentration 50%; MI: mitotic index; RBC, red blood cells; Trolox: 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid.
A fast recursive sphere decoder with linear storage

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A novel fast recursive sphere decoder with competitive extension (CR-SD) is proposed for the exact maximum-likelihood (ML) detection in multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) system. CR-SD introduces a novel competition mechanism which enables the sub-trees to be searched in an optimized order and makes the search radius shrink to the minimum Euclidean distance as early as possible. Numerical results show that CR-SD achieves considerable computation complexity reduction even compared with the fastest ML Schnorr-Euchner enumeration (SEE) based sphere decoder (SE-SD) in literature. Unlike the ML stack [V. Sandrine et al., May 2002] [S. Baro et al., May 2003] or branch-and-bound (BBD) detectors [J. Luo et al., May 2003] in which the storage requirement is random and the exponential in worst case, CR-SD maintains the negligible storage upper-bounded by a deterministic constant linear with the search dimensions.
A Study on Consumer's Perception and Purchase Intentions towards Eco-Friendly Products

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The phenomenal increase in environmentalism is motivating consumers to demand the environmental friendly products. The rapid economic growth in the past years and hasty consumption pattern are leading to environmental deterioration and exploitation of natural resources worldwide including India. In recent times, consumers are more interested in food safety and health conscious and many consumers are willing to pay a premium for eco-friendly products. The findings of the study reveal that there is significant difference between socio-economic characteristics of consumers and their perception towards eco-friendly products. The results show that safety has larger and positive influence on purchase intentions of consumers for eco-friendly products followed by healthiness, quality and worthiness. This implies that consumers are enthusiastic to purchase eco-friendly products because those products are safer and good for health and have superior quality.
THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE SPINAL FLUID

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Differential diagnosis between the various forms of meningeal or central nervous system disease has not become simpler as our knowledge of the pathology and chemistry of these conditions has increased. While it is relatively easy to diagnose clinically the acute inflammatory or purulent types of disease from those of a less acutely inflammatory nature, the differentiation between the diseases comprising each group is still clinically and chemically confused. The clinical picture of epidemic, pneumococcal, influenzal or streptococci meningitis is, as a rule, distinct from that of epidemic encephalitis, anterior poliomyelitis, polioencephalitis or tuberculous meningitis. Bacteriologically, the distinction in the former group is clearly enough defined. Chemically, the evidence is less definite in both groups. Differentiation between meningitis and meningismus, tetany and certain types of birth injuries at times may be very difficult. The determination of the primary lesion in instances of combined cardiorenal and meningeal conditions is often
Comparison of Mucoadhesive Buccal Patches of Ondansetron HCl with Conventional Marketed Tablets

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to design and evaluate sustained release mucoadhesive buccal patches of Ondansetron hydrochloride to bypass first pass metabolism thereby enhancing its bioavailability. The patches were fabricated using mucoadhesive polymers PVA, tamarind gum and chitosan along with a hydrophilic polymer PVP K30 by solvent casting method. A comparative in-vitro drug release study carried out with conventional marketed tablet showed that the prepared patches sustained the release upto 8hrs. The patches showed good flexibility and prolonged release upto 8hrs thereby achieving therapeutic efficacy and improved patient compliance. The sustained release patches are useful in reducing dose, dosing frequency and direct delivery of drug into the systemic circulation.