jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigation of Multiple Pore Volumes Needed to Reach Steady-state Foam Flow in a Porous Media

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Summary In most of transient foam core-flood studies, it is observed that multiple pore volumes of foam injection are needed before reaching the steady-state. The pore volumes needed appear to change with the degree of homogeneity of the porous media, orientation of the core, type of surfactant and the total injected flow rate. This is contrary to the foam-model results, which usually predict reaching the steady-state after approximately a single moveable pore volume of gas injection. It is important to understand whether this is a laboratory artifact due to core scale and/or gravity segregation, or could it also be present at reservoir scale, in order to have the reliable foam rheology predictive tools at reservoir scale. We designed the experimental set-up to investigate the phenomenon. In order to mitigate the gravity segregation in typical sand-pack systems, as well as to study the scale effect, we used slim-tubes of 1-ft and 6-ft length to understand the pore volumes needed to reach steady-state. Silica-sand-packed cylindrical slim tubes with an inner diameter of 0.66 inch were used in the foam flood experiments. Foaming surfactant solution and gas were co-injected into the slim-tube apparatus until a steady state is reached. Transient and steady-state pressure gradient data were recorded to investigate foam flow in the slim tube at a variety of injection conditions. Foam experiments with foot-long and 6-ft long slim tubes were compared in order to understand the effect of system length on foam generation and transport. One of the most important findings in this study is that the 6-ft long slim-tube requires significantly fewer pore volumes to reach a steady state than foot-long one under the same foam injection scheme. The analysis of our results revealed several key factors that played important roles in triggering foam generation in the slim tube. We found that the vertical configuration with gas and surfactant solution co-injected from the bottom significantly promoted foam generation in a relatively homogeneous system compared with the horizontal configuration. Foam generation in the slim tube was also facilitated by wider sand grain-size distribution in our tests possibly due to more favorable pore throat-to-body ratios for the snap-off mechanism. Additionally, higher injection velocity helped triggering foam generation in the slim tube. The results obtained in this study can be therefore used not only for improving fundamental knowledge of foam transport but also for upscaling foam models.
Football legend, role model, cultural ambassador, and true Canadian? A critical reading of the mediated legacy of Norman Kwong, the ‘China Clipper’

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Norman Kwong was a Chinese Canadian football star with a ground-breaking career in the Canadian Football League in the 1950s before he reached unprecedented success post-retirement, most notably appointed as the Lieutenant Governor of Alberta in 2005. Acknowledging Kwong’s significant accomplishments, this paper offers a critical reading of Canadian mainstream media’s celebratory representation of Norman Kwong and his legacy, highlighting how his life stories, as constructed in the media, served to reaffirm the myth of Canadian multiculturalism. The paper concludes by pointing to an alternative interpretation of Kwong’s legacy, one that foregrounds the Chinese diasporic communities’ complicity and obligations in the settler colonial state.
Arkansas Governors in the Twentieth Century: A Ranking and Analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Some forty-one individuals selected for their knowledge in which they were asked to rank Ark a n s a s governors from 1900 to 1970 in categories ranging from great to poor. Although not one of the sixteen governors was ranked as great, those securing the highest ranking were activist governors with a reformist orientation, and in this sense, the results were similar to those obtained by Arthur S. Schlesinger and others when Presidents of the United States were evaluated by experts on the Presidency. Respondent comments on each governor are summarized and there is also a brief treatment of each governor and the historical period during which he held office.
Self-Driven, Monopolar Electrohydrodynamic Printing via Dielectric Nanoparticle Layer

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Electrohydrodynamic printing holds both ultrahigh-resolution fabrication capability and unmatched ink-viscosity compatibility yet fails on highly insulating thick/irregular substrates. Herein, we proposed a single-potential driven electrohydrodynamic printing process with submicrometer resolution on arbitrary nonconductive targets, regardless of their geometric shape or sizes, via precoating with an ultrathin dielectric nanoparticle layer. Benefiting from the favorable Maxwell-Wagner polarization, the reversely polarized spot brought about a significant drop (∼57% for ceramics) in the operation voltage as its induced electric field and a negligible residual charge accumulation. Thus, ordered micro/nanostructures with line widths down to 300 nm were directly written at a stage speed as low as 5 mm/s, and silver features with width of ∼2 μm or interval of ∼4 μm were achieved on insulating substrates separately. Flexible sensors and curved heaters were then high-precision printed and demonstrated successfully, presenting this technique with huge potential for fabricating flexible/conformal electronics on arbitrary 3D structures.
The Rise of Multiprecision Arithmetic

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

There is a growing demand for and availability of multiprecision arithmetic: floating point arithmetic supporting multiple, possibly arbitrary, precisions. For an increasing body of applications, including in supernova simulations, electromagnetic scattering theory, and computational number theory, double precision arithmetic is insufficient to provide results of the required accuracy. On the other hand, for climate modelling and deep learning half precision (about four significant decimal digits) has been shown to be sufficient in some studies. We discuss a number of topics involving multiprecision arithmetic, including: The need for, availability of, and ways to exploit, higher precision arithmetic (e.g., quadruple precision arithmetic). How to derive linear algebra algorithms that will run in any precision, as opposed to be being optimized (as some key algorithms are) for double precision. For solving linear systems with the use of iterative refinement, the benefits of suitably combining three different precisions of arithmetic (say, half, single, and double). How a new form of preconditioned iterative refinement can be used to solve very ill conditioned sparse linear systems to high accuracy.
Domino reaction for the controlled functionalization of sp2 carbon allotropes

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Graphene and graphene related materials are a hot research topic in the material \nscience and are becoming a reality of increasing importance in many application \nfields. Indeed, graphene has high charge-carrier mobilities, in-plane thermal \nconductivity and very high elastic modulus. It is increasingly acknowledged that \napplication of carbon nanomaterials such as graphene has to be assisted by \nfunctionalization, which allows to tune electronic and solubility properties, phaseforming \nand self-assembly behaviour. \nIn this work, functionalization of graphene layers was performed with 2-(2,5- \ndimethyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-1,3-propanediol (serinol pyrrole, SP) [3]. \nSP is a serinol derivative obtained from the neat reaction of 2-amino-1,3- \npropandiol with 2,5-hexanedione, with atom economy of about 85%, almost \nquantitative yield and thus high atom efficiency, the only byproduct being water, \nin the absence of solvent and catalyst [1, 2, 3]. Functionalization was obtained by \nsimply mixing nanosized high surface area graphite with SP, giving either \nmechanical or thermal energy. Very high functionalization yield was found, larger \nthan 90% and even almost quantitative. Few layers graphene were isolated from \nstable water suspensions. Reaction of SP was applied to other sp2 carbon \nallotropes, such as carbon nanotubes and carbon black. Many different applications \nwere developed: from conductive inks to carbon papers and aerogels. \nThe reaction occurring between SP and graphene layers was investigated. Adducts \nof a high surface area nanosized graphite were prepared with a model molecule, \n1,2,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrrole (TMP). Pristine TMP, HSAG, products formed by the \nreaction and HSAG-TMP adducts were studied by means of Fourier transformed \ninfrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 1H-NMR and thermogravimetric analysis. DFT \nmodelling was carried out to predict IR spectra of HSAG-TMP reaction products and \nadducts. Reaction pathway is presented. Domino reaction appears to occur: \ncarbocatalyzed oxidation of the pyrrole compound lead to the formation of \nactivated double bond, able to give rise cycloaddition with the graphitic substrate. \nSuch a facile and sustainable functionalization method allows the controlled \nintroduction of functional groups on graphitic substrate without appreciably \naltering their structure.
Experimental Toxicology of Pyrolysis and Combustion Hazards

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Data are presented on the acute toxicity (mortality only) of the thermal degradation products of polymers obtained by two methods of degradation. One system utilized a slowly increasing temperature (5&apos;C/min) and gradual degradation of the polymer with the rats being exposed to degradation products as they were evolved. In this system the more toxic polymers included wool, polypropylene, poly(vinyl chloride), and urethane foam. The second system utilized conditions of rapid combustion and exposure of rats to the total products of combustion for a period of 4 hr. In this system the more toxic materials included red oak, cotton, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), and styreneacrylonitrile. It is of interest to note that the natural product wool is among the least toxic under these rapid combustion conditions and among the most toxic under slow pyrolysis conditions. Other materials also vary in the comparative toxicity of their thermal degradation products, depending upon the conditions of degradation and animal exposure. The two experimental techniques presented here may well represent the two extreme conditions of rapid combustion versus slow pyrolysis. Intermediate types of fire situations might be expected to result in relative acute toxicities somewhere between these two
A Brief Study on Quantum Computing

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In the twentieth century, quantum physics is one of the most successful approaches in scientific progress. To theorize the concept of quantum computing Max Planck's idea of the existence of energy in individual units like matter was used. Since then, the idea of manufacturing quantum computers for everyday use is becoming more plausible with technological advances in quantum theory. A classical computer carries out logical operations using a bit which is either 1 or 0. In contrast to a classical computer, a quantum computer works with a quantum bit or qubit, which is not limited to two states only. Qubits can exist in a superposition of the two states creating parallelism. Qubit represents the state of atoms, ions, photons or electrons. These qubits which work together with a control device act as a computer memory.Quantum computers have the potential to become million times more potent than present-day supercomputers due to the presence of these multiple states simultaneously. Concepts and ideas of quantum computing have been demonstrated by different methods like Ion Trap, Quantum Dot methods etc. However, the actual realization of such a superior system is still in the future. A strategy must be formulated to maintain decoherence and other potential sources of error at a permissible level.Astonishingly, quantum computing took a long time to take off, even though the physicists have known about the world of subatomic particles. Even so, it took computer scientists another half-century to consider harnessing quantum effects for computation. Also, it was later discovered that quantum computers could solve quantum mechanical many-body problems that are impractical to solve on a classical computer. The foundations of the subject of quantum computation may have become well-published, but the knowledge is still growing. Hence here is a research paper based on the study of quantum computation.
The Designation of a Deleuzian Philosophy for Environmental Education and Its Consequences…

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The philosophy of Gilles Deleuze has become popular in recent moves to embed approaches such as the new materialist and the posthuman in environmental education. Certainly, a newfound respect for the material universe, including the comprehension of the human place in it, and the tendency to a posthuman theoretical position, are both important given the contemporary environmental crisis, named as the Anthropocene. However, this article will argue that both these philosophies do not go far enough. This is because they must retain a political, social and critical edge if they are to be effective, and this edge can be too easily disregarded in the pursuit of increased engagement with the material and everything not human. In contrast, this article will put forward a Deleuzian approach to environmental education, based on the intellectual quadrant of Spinoza-Marx-Nietzsche-Bergson (Figure 1). It will be argued that only by fully connecting these often conflicting and disparate philosophies that a workable new synthesis for environmental education and a cartography for learning can be achieved. The Deleuzian approach to environmental education will be exemplified through an analysis of current environmental practises in schools as assemblage.
Multiphoton Controllable Transport between Remote Resonators

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We develop a novel method for multiphoton controllable transport between remote resonators. Specifically, an auxiliary resonator is used to control the coherent long-range coupling of two spatially separated resonators, mediated by a coupled-resonator chain of arbitrary length. In this manner, an arbitrary multiphoton quantum state can be either transmitted through or reflected off the intermediate chain on demand, with very high fidelity. We find, on using a time-independent perturbative treatment, that quantum information leakage of an arbitrary Fock state is limited by two upper bounds, one for the transmitted case and the other for the reflected case. In principle, the two upper bounds can be made arbitrarily small, which is confirmed by numerical simulations.
The Proposed Data Protection Regulation: The Illusion of Harmonisation, the Private/Public Sector Divide and the Bureaucratic Apparatus

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The proposal for a new General Data Protection Regulation has been billed as a harbinger of increased harmonisation, better enforcement and modernised rules within the area of data protection law. Through an analysis of several central elements in the draft Regulation—and European data protection law in general—as well as an assessment of the practical implications the proposal is likely to have if adopted, this chapter challenges whether the proposal will be able to deliver the harmonised rules that have been promised. It focuses particularly on the proposed regulations scope of application, its legal architecture, the use of discretionary provisions and related issues. It is argued that the proposal not only fails to address the root causes of why the current data protection directive (Directive 95/46) failed to bring about harmonisation and effective rules, but also looks set to transplant them into the new regulation.
Temperature dependent DC/RF performance of Si/SiGe resonant interband tunnelling diodes

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The temperature dependent DC/RF performance of Si-based resonant interband tunnelling diodes (RITDs) grown by low temperature molecular beam epitaxy was studied. Both DC and RF performance were measured at various temperatures from 20 to 150°C. At 20°C, the RITD exhibits a peak current density ( Jp) of 22 kA/cm2 with peak-to-valley current ratio (PVCR) of 2.0. The maximum resistive cutoff frequency (fr0) of 2.4 GHz was obtained by biasing the diode at 320 mV. Increasing temperature slightly degrades the PVCR and fr0. At 150°C, the PVCR and fr0 reduced to 1.8 and 1.9 GHz, respectively. The observed weak temperature dependence of the DC/RF performance and the GHz operating frequency make Si/SiGe RITDs a good candidate for high power microwave applications.
Instruments for Measuring Self‐Efficacy in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Self‐efficacy significantly impacts the quality of life for individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Identifying effective measurement tools is crucial for optimizing self‐management programs. This systematic review evaluated the psychometric properties of self‐efficacy instruments for patients with RA, searching eight databases from 1989 to March 2025. Using COSMIN guidelines and the GRADE system, 17 studies on eight instruments were analyzed. None reported measurement error, hypothesis testing, or responsiveness. The Arabic Self‐Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease scale was a level C recommendation due to internal consistency issues; seven others were level B. The joint protection self‐efficacy scale showed better reliability and validity, tentatively recommended for RA self‐efficacy assessment, but requires further validation. Future research should develop and assess additional self‐efficacy tools for RA patients.
PLASMA FILTERS IN TECHNIQUE OF THE VACUUM-ARC COMPOSITE COATING DEPOSITION

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The brief survey of devices for micro- and nanostructured composite coatings formation by deposition from a filtered cathodic arc plasma is given. The main attention is paid on the features specifying that how uniform is thickness and composition distribution of the coating deposited by use of those devices. Analysis of the publications showed that in respect of ability to obtain uniform coatings the wide-aperture single- and two-channel systems with acute-angled or “specular” magnetic fields are the most perspective. The setup which have been tasted rigidly in industrial conditions, and designed efficient setups equipped with the said systems are described as examples.
Islamic Law in Theory: Studies on Jurisprudence in Honor of Bernard Weiss, edited by A. Kevin Reinhart and Robert Gleave

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

First Paragraph: This volume, celebrating Bernard Weiss and his seminal contributions to the study of Islamic jurisprudence, came out of a conference in Alta, Utah, in 2008. It contains a list of Weiss’ publications as well as personal appreciation to the honoree by Peter Sluglett. The editors, Reinhart and Gleave, are to be commended for arranging the thirteen essays in a manner that gives the whole project intellectual coherence and depth without sacrificing the authors’ varied research perspectives toward Islamic legal theory. They divided the contributions into four interrelated sections: Law and Reason, Law and Religion, Law and Language, and Law: Diversity and Authority, acknowledging that there is of course overlap and some chapters fit into more than one section.
ENHANCING THE 21ST CENTURY LEARNING THROUGH THE FLIPPED CLASSROOM APPROACH: A SCIENCE TEACHERâ€™S PERSPECTIVES

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A flip classroom is closely related to the inverted classroom that promotes learning outside the classroom (Lage et al., 2000). The main reason for the implementation of the flipped classroom is to free up the allotted learning time at school so that more engaging activities could be done (Milman, 2014). Since the flipped classroom is still at its early phase in Malaysia, there are limited studies done in this area (A. Rahman, Abdullah, Mohammed, Mohd Zaid, & Aris, 2014). This preliminary study reveals three issues in 21st-century learning experience via primary science flipped classroom implementations including the affordances, assistance and challenges. There are various aspects taken into consideration from the teacher and teaching surrounding for the flipped classroom settings to be conducive. The teacher realized that although flipped classroom helped her in some ways nonetheless there are challenges that she has to resolve.
Application Control and Monitoring of Light Usage in Smart Home Environment

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In addition to the development of science, human activity in the modern era is also increasing. Busyness is seen by many who leave home for work or other business. Usually, homeowners will turn on the lights of his house when it leaves his house for long periods or even if the house left empty so that in a long time to waste of energy. Even if the owner does not turn on the lights, then at night the state of the house lights off. This could lead to theft in empty houses. Based on this, this application can help everyone to control and monitor the use of home lights remotely only by using a smart phone connected to the internet. This application uses the help of a microcontroller as a tool that can control the electrical switch that is connected to a mini server connected to the network. The method used in this research is the experimental research method with stages, study literature, hardware design, software design, testing and evaluation and conclusion.
Fire protection design concepts in a composite battery module housing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Automotive batteries are making significant strides towards power-dense designs. The development of the housing presents challenges of being lightweight while also ensuring enhanced safety in the event of thermal runaway of the cells. The presented battery study illustrates the methodical development of a module housing concept. By focusing on the advantageous use of composite material technologies, fire protection concepts can be directly integrated into the overall system. Furthermore, the development of the pouch-cell module aimed to simplify the assembly and the integration of a direct tab cooling. The cell pressure preload is also further integrated into the housing. The concept is methodically developed from a blank slate and elaborated upon until it reaches the prototype stage.
Can be Hikeshi a Potential Target for Hyperthermic Therapy?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

While hyperthermia (HT) is a promising modality for cancer therapy, major difficulty with the use of HT is the development of thermotolerance due to the elevation of heat shock proteins (HSPs), which function as molecular chaperons. Among the HSPs, Hsp70 possesses cytoprotective activity and plays a critical role in the acquisition of thermotolerance. Upon heat stress, Hsp70 rapidly translocates from the cytoplasm to nucleus. Recently, the protein Hikeshi, also known as the gene product of C11orf73, has been shown to function as a nuclear import carrier of Hsp70 under heat-stress conditions. Knockdown of Hikeshi significantly enhances sensitivity to HT and mild HT in the presence-but not the absence-of heat-stress in human cancer cells. Moreover, upregulation of Hikeshi expression is observed in human gastric or renal cancer. It has also been suggested that functional defects leading to homozygosity for a missense mutation, p. Cys4Ser or p. Val54Leu, in Hikeshi cause leukoencephalopathy in Finnish or Ashkenazi-Jewish patients, respectively.