jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Engineering Mechanics for Successive States in Canine Left Ventricular Myocardium

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The relations between end-diastolic ( D ) and end-systolic ( S ) fiber angles (α) and sarcomere lengths ( s ) have been previously studied at different sites in canine left ventricular myocardium. However, no postulates have been advanced for predicting a and s in successive states of the ejection cycle ( D or S) or at different sites in one state when the semimajor ( Z ) and semiminor (R) axes of the wall surfaces for successive states and the fiber orientations and sarcomere lengths at one site in one state are known. In this study, the myocardial fibers were regarded as the matrix of a myocardial continuum: they are prisoners of the heart wall and must comply with the movements of the wall. Using the same values as in the preceding article, the wall was treated as a nested set of truncated ellipsoidal shells of revolution with shell volumes preserved from D to S. Both confocal and nonconfocal configurations were analyzed. In each shell, the fibers were assumed to follow a "helical" path with a constant advance in each turn about the Z axis (the simplest possible path). The results of this assumption were compatible with previously reported values of a and s measured at various sites in the left ventricular free wall in states D and S . These results suggest a postulate for the heart wall: in the beating heart, each muscle fiber changes direction and length uniquely as the wall changes shape.
Assessment of Blockchain Technology in the Improvement of Supply Chain Management in the Pharmaceutical Industry

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract: Blockchain technology has drawn a lot of interest in the healthcare industry in recent years. Efficient data management is crucial for pharmacies. Blockchain technology is a novel technology that has the potential to make many pharmaceutical processes safer and more transparent. In 2013, the US Congress created the Drug Supply Chain Security Act [DSCSA] to prevent the distribution of stolen, contaminated, or counterfeit drugs. Blockchain technology serves as an answer to this problem as it enables the tracking and tracing the product from manufacturer to patient through an electronic, immutable, digitized tracking record of all steps from inventory to consumer in the drug supply chain. To ensure the safety of a peer-to-peer network of transactions, blockchain technology employs cryptographic methods to create a distributed ledger that is not centralized. Incorporating it into a product ensures its safety and marketability. Blockchain technology offers solutions to enhance the validity, reliability, and efficiency of medication manufacturing by facilitating easy compliance with legislation. Additionally, it offers an opportunity to address a major problem: the proliferation of counterfeit drugs that enter the system and ultimately reach consumers. The pharmaceutical industry's deficient supply chain management results in counterfeit and fake drug entering the supply chain and negatively affecting patients’ health, leading to serious complications or even death. Supply chain management may benefit from blockchain technology's transparency and immutability at every step of the process, which increases confidence, security, traceability, and transparency. Blockchain technology, designed to manage electronic data, holds promise for enhancing clarity. Every user of a computer network has access to the same immutable record of transactions known as a blockchain.
Gene expression of nucleosome assembly protein-1 in specific brain regions of MPTP-treated mice and beta-amyloid-treated rats

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective To investigate the expression of apoptosis-related neuclosome assembly protein-1(NAP-1) gene in related brain region of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP) treated mice and beta-amyloid treated rats. Methods The animal models with central nervous system degeneration were established by consecutive administration of MPTP to C57BL mice and injection of beta-amyloid to brain ventricular of SD rats. The RNA in striatum and substantia nigra of mice and the RNA in cortex and hippocampus of rats were extracted. The levels of NAP-1 mRNA in these samples were estimated by RT-PCR. Results For mice, the expression of NAP-1 were decreased after MPTP treatment in substantia nigra, while its expression showed no significant change in striatum. In contrast, no effect on NAP-1 gene expression by beta-amyloid injection can be detected in cortex and hippocampus of rats. Conclusions The apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in nigrostriatal pathway after MPTP treatment may be related to the expression of NAP-1 gene. But the mechanism of neurodegeneration after beta-amyloid injection in rats may be different.
Keeping track of individuals: Brandom's analysis of Kripke's puzzle and the content of belief

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper gives attention to a special point in Brandom’s Making it Explicit . Brandom proposes in MIE a “Fregean” way out of Kripke’s puzzle about belief. In the first part, I analyze two main features of Brandom’s strategy, the definition of anaphoric chains as senses of proper names and the implausibility of the application of a disquotational principle to proper names. In the second part, I discuss (i) the problem of the stability of contents and (ii) the problem of sharing contents. I claim that Brandom’s strong holism leads to irresolvable difficulties with respect to the concept of conceptual content as it emerges from the discussion of Kripke’s puzzle.
Orographic Dependency of Heavy Rainfall Events in Upper Reach of Tokachi River Basin

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

2016年8月，台風10号が北海道接近時に日高山脈付近で記録的豪雨が発生した．本研究では大気の安定度を示すブラントバイサラ振動数やそれを用いたフルード数によって，豪雨特性を分類し，議論することを目的とした．乾燥状態でのブラントバイサラ振動数と湿潤効果を含んだ湿潤ブラントバイサラ振動数をそれぞれ算出した．標高が高い地域では乾燥，湿潤状態に関わらず，ブラントバイサラ振動数が小さく算出され，大気はより不安定であることが示唆された．山間部周辺の大気の流れが持つ運動エネルギーと山を越えるために必要なエネルギーの比であるフルード数の大小によって豪雨の分類を行った．この結果，特に無次元数が大きい事例で標高が上昇するほど降雨量が増加し，より局所的な降雨がもたらされていたことが分かった．
Minsight: A Fingertip‐Sized Vision‐Based Tactile Sensor for Robotic Manipulation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Intelligent interaction with the physical world requires perceptual abilities beyond vision and hearing; vibrant tactile sensing is essential for autonomous robots to dexterously manipulate unfamiliar objects or safely contact humans. Therefore, robotic manipulators need high‐resolution touch sensors that are compact, robust, inexpensive, and efficient. The soft vision‐based haptic sensor presented herein is a miniaturized and optimized version of the previously published sensor Insight. Minsight has the size and shape of a human fingertip and uses machine learning methods to output high‐resolution maps of 3D contact force vectors at 60 Hz. Experiments confirm its excellent sensing performance, with a mean absolute force error of 0.07 N and contact location error of 0.6 mm across its surface area. Minsight's utility is shown in two robotic tasks on a 3‐DoF manipulator. First, closed‐loop force control enables the robot to track the movements of a human finger based only on tactile data. Second, the informative value of the sensor output is shown by detecting whether a hard lump is embedded within a soft elastomer with an accuracy of 98%. These findings indicate that Minsight can give robots the detailed fingertip touch sensing needed for dexterous manipulation and physical human–robot interaction.
A CASSCF-CASPT2 study of the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer reaction in 1-amino-3-propenal using different active spaces

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In this work we analyze how the choice of the active space in the CASSCF (the complete-active-space multiconfiguration self-consistent-field method) and CASPT2 (the second-order perturbation theory based on the CASSCF reference wave function) calculations affects the computed potential energy curves (PECs) for the intramolecular proton transfer reaction in the ground state and the two lowest lying singlet excited states of 1-amino-3-propenal. As anticipated, the results revealed that, qualitatively, the proton transfer in the different states can be correctly described even by minimal active spaces, which include the orbitals involved in the electronic excitation of the considered state and the antibonding sigma orbital corresponding to the bond formed by the molecule with the migrating hydrogen atom. However, quantitatively, the relative energies of the two tautomers and the energy barriers computed at the CASSCF level change when the active space is increased, indicating importance of the dynamic electron correlation. Introducing the dynamic correlation effects via CASPT2 makes the calculated energy parameters more uniform among the different active spaces. The analysis suggested certain optimal active spaces for studying proton transfer reactions in systems similar to 1-amino-3-propenal. The PEC calculations for excited states showed that the results are sensitive to the molecular geometries used in the calculations, particularly near the transition point. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 20: 1422–1431 (1999)
High performance cooling of a HVDC converter using a fatty acid ester‐based phase change dispersion in a heat sink with double‐layer oblique‐crossed ribs

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper concerns with a high performance cooling method for a HVDC converter using fatty acid ester-based phase change dispersion (PCD) in a heat sink with double-layer oblique-crossed ribs. Thermo-physical properties of PCDs were first characterized under both solid and liquid states, and the cooling performance of the heat exchanger was then experimentally examined, by heating two copper blocks clamped closely to the aluminium heating surfaces. A three-dimensional Euler-Euler multiphase approach was further performed to evaluate the thermal performance under different operating conditions including heating power, flowrate and PCD concentration. The results showed that the viscosity of PCD can be a 100 times that of water, but the increased pumping power was only ~17.01% on average. The use of the PCD achieved a lower temperature of heat sink and fluid than that of water under the same set of conditions due to the latent heat of the PCM, thus enabling a safer and cooler environment for temperature-sensitive HVDC components such as insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT). An optimal set of working conditions was proposed and a flowrate of 8 L/min under a heating power of 1.1 kW and a PCM concentration of 25% was recommended for industrial cooling operations.
IMPROVEMENT OF ASPHALT MIX DESIGN TO PREVENT RUTTING. FINAL REPORT

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Crushed stone aggregates and a natural sand were used to prepare different aggregate gradations for the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) Structural Asphalt Mixtures (S-I, S-II, and S-III). Each gradation was modified by altering the mineral filler (MF) content and substitution of up to 20% natural sand for crushed stone screenings. Mixtures were prepared with these aggregate blends, compacted, and tested at 60 deg C in the Gyratory Testing Machine (GTM). The result of this investigation indicated that the GTM air-roller mix design and evaluation procedure was successful in identifying the optimum asphalt content, sensitivity of the mix to changes in MF and asphalt content, the effect of natural sand content and gradation of aggregates, and their relationship to air void content, voids in the mineral aggregate, and asphalt content. A hot mix asphalt (HMA) densification procedure was developed for Quality Control and/or Quality Assurance testing of plant HMA production. The results of this study indicated that the density and shear strength of the mixtures tested according to this procedure were essentially the same as obtained from the 60 deg C densification test procedure.
Poverty Alleviation through Optimizing the Marketing of Garcinia kola and Irvingia gabonensis in Ondo State, Nigeria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The paper examines poverty alleviation through optimizing the marketing of Garcinia kola and Irvingia gabonensis in Ondo State, Nigeria. Data for this study were collected using structured questionnaire. Two categories of pretested structured questionnaires were used to obtain information from the respondents (farmers and the marketers of the species). Data analysis was done using descriptive analysis, and Student t -test was used to compare the income generated by the producers and the marketers of the fruits of the tree species. In addition, analysis of variance (ANOVA), arranged in randomized complete block design, was employed to test the significance of price variable across the three market structures (i.e., farm gate price, rural market price, and urban market price). Marketing of forest fruits species is a profitable enterprise with an average profit of ₦ 19,123.37 per marketer per month. The analysis of variance for the two forest fruit species indicated that Irvingia gabonensis generated the highest annual income in rainforest ecosystem while Garcinia kola generated the highest annual income in derived savanna ecosystem. Major constraints militating against these forest fruit species are poor market access and infrastructure development. The paper recommended among other things that domestication and interventions of these forest fruit species should be encouraged for proper management and sustainability.
Two Years After the Demise of Boris F. Egorov

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article offers a concise review of the scientific, educational and editorial activities of the literary critic, historian and culturologist B.F. Egorov (1926 – 2020). The authors pay special attention to some of his works, including the ones he was working on in his last years and those which were published after his death and are still appearing in print now. The authors mention the lately held and planned events related to the study of B.F. Egorov’s works and tributing to his memory. The article gives a concise presentation of the documents that constitute the personal fund of the scholar n the Department of Manuscripts of the Russian National Library.
A Review of Coral Reef Restoration Methods

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Due to global warming and human activity, the coral population has decreased by 50% since the 1950s. (Wetzel, 2021). Many policies have been placed on conserving the coral reefs, but more is needed to stop the rapid decline. All around the world, different researchers performed multiple types of restoration methods to try and reverse the damage and destruction the coral reef ecosystem has sustained. This paper reviews the other restoration methods researchers have tried and are currently trying to review their effectiveness in reversing the damage to coral reefs. Restoration methods can be divided into active and passive restoration methods. The methods reviewed are removing invasive algae, coral gardening, substrate manipulation, and stabilization, larval propagation, direct transplantation, substratum enhancement with electricity, and cryopreservation. All in all, all of these methods have their respective strengths and weaknesses. The method that can move forward to be more mass-produced would be direct transplantation, as additions such as nurseries are unnecessary. The restoration method that has shown the most promise has been substratum enhancement with electricity, but since the method is still relatively new, further research is needed. A possible recommendation for future coral reef restoration endeavors is to combine restoration methods to make up for the flaws of each method and incorporate long-term monitoring.
Production of Cytokinin-like Substances by Planktonic Bacteria Isolated from Lake Jeziorak

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Studies on cytokinin-like substances synthesized by planktonic bacteria isolated from littoral and pelagial zones of lake Jeziorak in spring and summer have been carried out. 62.5% of bacteria isolated in summer, and 12.5% of bacteria isolated in spring were able to produce cytokinin-like substances. Among synthesized substances we found isopentenyladenine (2iP, i 6 Ade), zeatin (Z, io 6 Ade) and zeatin riboside (ZR, io 6 A). No trace of isopentenyladenosine (2iPA, i 6 A) was detected. The amounts of cytokinin-like substances produced converted into 1 g dry mass of bacteria were as follows: 9.97 - 21.59 µg for isopentenyladenine; 3.08 - 35.08 µg for zeatin, and 0.35 - 18.69 µg for zeatin riboside. Various taxonomic groups of bacteria were capable of synthesising those compounds, such as Vibrio, Bacillus, Aeromonas, Achromobacter genera and Enterobacteriaceae family. Among the analyzed bacteria it was only the strain of Achromobacter spp that produced two compounds at the same time (zeatin and zeatin riboside).
Self/portraits: relating narratives. [Film screening]

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This event was the sequal to the performative screening titled "Autoritratti" (2015). Self/Portraits: Relating Narratives weaves together the visual narratives of twelve international women artists or collectives, who have worked around questions of identity and self-determination - often in confrontation with their respective social and political contexts. Employing real and interpreted voices, lyrics and unorthodox visual techniques, their works address female sexuality, motherhood, ecology and violence. This event used various methodological tools, including dialogue, autobiography, cross-genre and fragmented narratives. This curatorial approach is inspired by two Italian feminist authors who located everyday narratives and exchanges at the heart of their philosophical and political strategies. The radical thinker Carla Lonzi and her book Autoritratto [Self-portrait] (1969), offered an unprecedented montage of different artists' interviews, recomposed by the author into a continuous flux, a convivial conversation. Most significantly, her work was also a personal portrait, carved out of relations between artists and their critics. This event was also inspired by the feminist philosopher Adriana Cavarero's book Relating Narratives: Storytelling and Selfhood (2000), in which an exploration of identity is framed as the desire to hear one's story narrated by another.
Indications for major hepatectomy and combined procedures for advanced gallbladder cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The clinical impact of major hepatectomy for advanced gallbladder cancer is currently unclear. Methods Patients who underwent resection for stage II, III or IV gallbladder cancer were enrolled. The surgical outcomes of patients who underwent major hepatectomy were compared with those of patients treated with minor hepatectomy and those with unresectable gallbladder cancer. The clinical impact of major hepatectomy and combined advanced procedures such as portal vein resection or pancreatoduodenectomy for advanced gallbladder cancer were evaluated. Results A total of 96 patients were enrolled; 29 patients underwent major and 67 had minor hepatectomy. The overall morbidity rate was higher in the major hepatectomy group (55 versus 27 per cent; P = 0·022). There were no deaths after major hepatectomy. Overall survival was better in the major hepatectomy group than in the group of 15 patients with unresectable disease (median survival 17·7 versus 11·4 months; P = 0·003). In a subgroup analysis of the major hepatectomy group, liver metastasis (P = 0·038) and hepatic arterial invasion (P = 0·017) were independently associated with overall survival. Overall survival in patients with liver metastasis (P = 0·572) or hepatic arterial invasion (P = 0·776) was comparable with that in the unresectable group. However, overall survival among patients with lymph node metastasis (P = 0·062) or following portal vein resection (P = 0·054) or pancreatoduodenectomy (P = 0·011) was better than in the unresectable group. Conclusion Major hepatectomy combined with portal vein resection or pancreatoduodenectomy, if necessary, may be considered in the treatment of advanced gallbladder cancer, especially in selected patients without liver metastasis or hepatic arterial invasion.
The effect of uterine fibroid region and depth on endometrial stress and strain: a finite element approach

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Uterine fibroids are common benign gynecological tumors that are observed in up to 80% of premenopausal women. It is understood that as the fibroid size increases, the surrounding tissues will be subject to greater loads. However, the effect of fibroid region on the uterine structure is not as clear. To better understand the mechanical loading of the endometrium due to the presence of a uterine fibroid, we developed a finite element model of the uterus to examine the effect of both fibroid depth and region in relation to the endometrium. The finite element model of the uterus, endometrium, and a uterine fibroid were created from a 3D segmentation of a patient's magnetic resonance images. This model was then loaded into ANSYS Mechanical 2023 R1, and then deformation, stress, and strain of the endometrium was measured for 24 fibroid positions (8 regions × 3 depths). The highest endometrial loads (deformation, stress, strain) were observed when the fibroid region was superior to the uterus and the depth was deep. Superior regions generated 10-20% higher loads on the endometrium in comparison to other regions, while deep locations had 5-10% higher endometrium loads when compared to superficial depths across almost all regions. A simple uterus model was used to show the effect of fibroid position on loads acting on the endometrium. This can provide insight into mechanisms of abnormal uterine bleeding and infertility and better inform clinical decision making.
Reflection-type polarization holograms in bacteriorhodopsin films for low-light recording

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Reflection-type polarization holograms with phase-conjugated readout are very useful for low-light recording with bacteriorhodopsin (BR) films. The dependence of reflection-type holograms with parallel and orthogonal recording beams on their intensity ratio (1:1-1:20) was investigated. It was found that for orthogonally polarized beams the phase-conjugated signal depends significantly less on the beam intensity ratio than predicted by coupled-wave theory. This finding is of particular relevance for recording of very low object-beam intensities with BR films, e.g., in interferometry, where signals with a high signal-to-noise ratio, owing to the different polarizations of the scattered light and the signal, and with low dependence of the diffraction efficiency on the ratio between the reference and object-beam intensities are obtained. With this asymmetric recording process, holograms were recorded successfully in BR films with a good signal-to-noise ratio at exposures (from the object side) as low as 50muJ/cm(2) . These exposures are in the range of those typically used for silver halide films.
Spectroscopic Studies of Tissue using Near-Infrared Raman Microscopy.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Raman scattering is an inelastic light scattering process resulting from the interaction of light and molecules. This study utilizes Raman microscopy, which combines Raman spectroscopy and microscopy, for microspectroscopic measurements. The instrumentation was based on a Kr+-laser emitting at 752.5 nrn, an optical microscope, a single stage spectrograph and a CCD detector. Spectra of liquid chemicals, laser dyes, pure tissue constituents and various tissues from pig heart were recorded in the region 500-1800 crrr1• The spectra are analysed and observed Raman bands are assigned to specific molecular vibrations. The results show that Raman microspectroscopy is a powerful technique for spectral characterization of tissue and may be interesting for medical diagnosis.