jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Performance trade-off between serrated edge and blended rolled edge compact range reflectors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The performance trade-off between serrated edge and blended rolled edge compact range reflectors is investigated. The edge diffracted fields which contribute to stray signals in the quiet zone have to be minimized. Consequently, an iterative approach has been developed to design serrated edges such that the edge diffracted rays from the serrations can be kept as far away as possible from the desired quiet zone area. Performance of various designs based on the number and size of serrations have been studied using a physical theory of diffraction solution. In addition, an optimized blended rolled edge design with the same size as the serrated edge reflector has also been evaluated for comparison. Finally, numerical results are presented in this paper to address the performance trade-off issue among the various designs. It is clearly shown from this study that the blended rolled edge reflector performs significantly better, which should offset the increased cost needed to construct a rolled edge reflector versus a serrated one.
Robotic billiard – jump shot

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This report details the research and development of the robotic snooker system. The system will be executed by the ABB robotic arm. The purpose of this report is to document and illustrate the development of performing the jump shot and pocketing the shot using the robotic snooker system. This report will also include review on pre-existing robotic snooker system by other university and organisation. This report will include experiments and data analysis that supports the establishment of the robotic snooker system. This report details and illustrate the physic on snooker and the analysis of the physic concepts. Lastly, the report will conclude the development of the robotic snooker system and future development and improved idea and improvement to the system will be discussed.
Heavy metals contamination in eye shadows sold in Malaysia and user's potential health risks

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Background: Nowadays, eye shadows have become common cosmetics used by consumers. Previous studies proved that some of the eye shadows used had excessive levels of heavy metals. Objectives: The aims of this study are to (i) quantify the heavy metals concentration of lead and chromium in the eye shadows based on the color categories and types of eye shadows and (ii) assess potential non-carcinogenic health risk due exposure to heavy metals concentrations in eye shadows by using Hazard Quotient (HQ). Methodology: A conventional method using oven heating was applied to extract heavy metals from the samples. The analysis of heavy metals in the samples was performed using the Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (GF-AAS). The chronic non-carcinogenic health effect was evaluated quantitatively using HQ. Results: Both lead and chromium concentrations were found to be the highest in blue color category with the mean concentration of 161.8 ± 101.6 µg kg−1 and 149.4 ± 53.1 µg kg−1, respectively. The chromium levels were higher in the shimmering shade compared to the matte shade. The lead concentrations in all the samples analyzed were below the standard set by Health Canada (10 mg kg−1) and United States Food and Drug Administration (20 mg kg−1). The HQ values for chromium in all samples were less than 1. Conclusion: Lead concentrations were present within the permitted levels stated by the international standards in cosmetics intended for external use. The HQ values for chromium were less than 1 in all samples, indicating there was no significant chronic non-carcinogenic health risk to eye shadow users.
Angular correlation results from ALICE

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In heavy-ion collisions, the quark-gluon plasma is expected to be produced, which is an almost perfect liquid that made up the Universe a few microseconds after the Big Bang. In these collisions, jets are also formed from hadronizing partons with high transverse momentum, and they traverse the hot and dense medium and interact with it. Their properties can be modified by these interactions, therefore these modifications, if present, can give insight into the properties of the plasma itself. Angular correlation measurements can be used to study jets in Pb-Pb collisions in a transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) regime where jets are not easily reconstructable above the fluctuating background. Small collision systems (e.g., pp or p-Pb) can be used as reference for these measurements; however, these collisions themselves are of interest. For example, particle production mechanisms and conservation laws can be tested in these systems. Results from Pb-Pb and pp collisions recorded by the ALICE detector are presented in this paper.
Potentiometric Determination of Cyclizine by a PVC membrane Sensor

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Potentiometric determination of Cyclizine was performed by a potentiometric PVC membrane sensor. Sodium tetraphenyl borate was used for the preparation of the sensing element used in the membrane. Dibutyl phthalate was the solvent mediator of the PVC membrane. A room temperature ionic liquid was also used in the composition of the membrane to helps the drug to exchange from aqueous solution to the organic phase. Also, it can diminish the Ohmic resistance of the membrane due to its ionic property. The best PVC membrane sensor response was obtained by a membrane composition of 30% PVC, 60% DBP, 7% ion-pair and 3% ionic liquid. The constructed sensor can measure the concentration of Cyclizine in the range of 5.0×10-6-1.0×10-2 mol L-1 with a detection limit of 4.5×10-6 mol L-1. The potentiometric measurements can be done in the pH range of 4.0 to 6.0. The proposed electrode displays a fast response time (about 15 s) and can be used for a period of seven weeks without any considerable change in its performance.
PENGARUH METODE PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) TERHADAP PENCAPAIAN KOMPETENSI FARMAKOTERAPI

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background : In developing countries, common drugs problems are inefficient drug regulation, lack of availability of essential drugs, and high irrational use of drugs. One of the factors that influence irrational drug use is the lack of education regarding the principle of treatment for prospective doctors.
Objective : This study aimed to study the effect of problem-based learning (PBL) methods on competency competencies in pharmacotherapy.
Method : This research is a descriptive analysis research using the product moment Pearson correlation. The sampling technique in this study used proportional stratified random sampling. Distributing validated questionnaires to 230 respondents based on problem based learning validation tests and pharmacotherapy competencies. Respondents in this study consisted of 73 students (31.7%), 2016 PSPD students, 81 respondents (35.2%) and 2017 76 respondents (33%). The number of questionnaires distributed was 230 and returned as many as 230.
Results : The results of this study indicate that the method of problem based learning has a significant effect on the competency of pharmacotherapy students with a value of p = 0,000 (p <0,005). The value of correlation coefficient in class 2015 r = 0.626, class 2017 r = 0.742 which indicates that the results of this study have a strong relationship, while in force 2016 r = 0.513 indicates that the results of this study have sufficient relationships. The application of problem based learning is able to improve the mastery of material skills and problem solving related to the provision of drug information services by students participating in drug information system courses.
Conclusion : There is a relationship between problem based learning on pharmacotherapy competencies in medical students at Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta.
Effects of Spinal and Peripheral Injection of α1A or α1D Adrenoceptor Antagonists on Bladder Activity in Rat Models with or without Bladder Outlet Obstruction

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Up-regulations of the α1ARs in BOO were observed by the greater increases of BC after α1AR antagonist administrations in the BOO group than in the sham group. However, there were no subtype differences of the α1ARs in functional parameters of bladder activity. In addition, α1ARs also act on the lumbosacral cord which implies that the sensitivity of α1ARs is increased in pathologic models such as BOO. Further evaluation including differential expression of α1ARs in BOO models are need.
Immunophenotype of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia, clinical parameters, and outcome: an analysis of a prospective trial including 562 tested patients (LALA87). French Group on Therapy for Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The aim of the multicentric trial LALA87 was to test the efficacy of different postremission therapies in adults (15 to 60 year olds) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). An immunologic subclassification based on surface marker expression was proposed. Among the 562 tested patients, 511 were assigned either to the B lineage (361 cases, 63%) or to the T lineage (150 cases, 26%). T-ALL were significantly associated with male sex, age less than 35 years, mediastinal mass, central nervous system involvement, high white blood cell count, and low anemia. In a univariate and multivariate analysis, T-cell leukemia had a more favorable outcome than B-cell leukemia with respective median disease-free survivals (DFSs) of 28 and 14 months (P &lt; .005). However, the type of postremission therapy modifies the value of the immunophenotype prognostic factor. In the chemotherapy arm, T-ALL patients (26 patients) had a more favorable outcome than B-ALL patients (57 patients) (P &lt; .003). In the autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) arm, the apparent better outcome of T-ALL patients (35 T/50 B) did not reach statistical significance (P = .2) and there was no difference in the allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (alloBMT) arm (37 T/71 B: P = .9). In the B-cell-lineage leukemias, subclassification by stages and myeloid antigen coexpression (10%) were not associated with different prognosis. CD10+ T-ALL (31 patients) were associated with a better DFS compared with the CD10- T-ALL (73 patients) with respective median DFS, not reached and 18.5 months (P = .04).
SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein TR-FRET Assay Amenable to High Throughput Screening

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Drug development for specific antiviral agents against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still an unmet medical need as the pandemic continues to spread globally. Although huge efforts for drug repurposing and compound screens have been put forth, only a few compounds are in late-stage clinical trials. New approaches and assays are needed to accelerate COVID-19 drug discovery and development. Here, we report a time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based assay that detects the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleocapsid protein (NP) produced in infected cells. It uses two specific anti-NP monoclonal antibodies conjugated to donor and acceptor fluorophores that produce a robust ratiometric signal for high throughput screening of large compound collections. Using this assay, we measured a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for remdesivir of 9.3 μM against infection with SARS-CoV-2 USA/WA1/2020 (WA-1). The assay also detected SARS-CoV-2 South African (Beta, β), Brazilian/Japanese P.1 (Gamma, γ), and Californian (Epsilon, ε) variants of concern (VoC). Therefore, this homogeneous SARS-CoV-2 NP detection assay can be used for accelerating lead compound discovery for drug development and for evaluating drug efficacy against emerging SARS-CoV-2 VoC.
Respiratory and neurobehavioural characteristics of a murine model of congenital myotonic dystrophy type 1

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Introduction: Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by CTG repeats in the myotonin-protein kinase. Transcribed mRNA accumulation leads to protein synthesis perturbation and multisystem symptoms. Phenotype severity is correlated to expansion size and is most severe in the congenital form with hypotonia, respiratory failure, mental retardation and high mortality. Aims: To characterize the respiratory and neurobehavioural phenotypes of a mouse model of DM1 with large CTG expansion (>1500 repeats, DMSXL). Methods: Weight and temperature were recorded daily in wild-type, heterozygous and homozygous DMSXL pups from birth to postnatal day 30 (P30). Breathing variables and apnoea duration were measured using whole-body flow barometric plethysmography in air and in response to hypercapnia (8% CO2) and hypoxia (10% O2). Motor development was analysed using righting, cliff avoidance and negative geotaxis tests from P3 to P15 and gait quality assessment from P2 to P30. Results: Weight growth was significantly delayed in DMSXL mice, compared to WT mice. Morphological abnormalities were occasionally present. DMSXL showed significantly longer apnoea duration at P1 and P8. Otherwise breathing variables were normal. Righting and cliff avoidance reflexes were delayed; gait quality was significantly lower compared to controls. Conclusion: DMSXL mice display key features of DM1 and may serve as a model to analyse pathophysiological processes and test treatments.
The Origin of Matter in the Universe: Reheating after Inflation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In the inflationary scenario all the matter constituting the universe was created from the process of reheating after inflation. Recent development of the theory of reheating is briefly reviewed. The list of topics includes elementary (perturbative) theory of reheating; quantum field theory in a time-varying background; parametric resonance and explosive particle creation; non-thermal phase transitions from reheating; baryogenesis from reheating; residual oscillations of the scalar field, and other cosmological applications.
Bridging the Coding Gap: Assessing Large Language Models for Accurate Modifier Assignment in Craniofacial Operative Notes

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Accurate medical coding is vital for proper health care management and reimbursement, especially in craniofacial surgery. Although CPT codes standardize clinical services, modifiers are often required to capture procedural complexities and ensure fair compensation. Applying modifiers accurately can be time-intensive and error-prone, posing challenges for coding professionals. Recent advancements in natural language processing (NLP) and large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in automating coding tasks. However, the ability of LLMs to identify the need for CPT modifiers from operative notes remains unexplored. Methods: This study evaluates the capability of LLMs, including ChatGPT and Google Gemini, to identify necessary CPT modifiers from craniofacial operative notes. The authors collected notes containing common modifiers, such as Modifier 22 (increased procedural complexity), and compared model outputs to expert-coded results. The study focused on key modifiers relevant to craniofacial surgery, with performance assessed based on precision. Results: Of the 10 operative reports evaluated, neither ChatGPT nor Gemini correctly identified both the CPT code and modifier for any case. However, ChatGPT more frequently generated responses containing partially correct CPT and modifier codes and was the only model to correctly assign a modifier code with a partially correct CPT in one instance. Both models produced multiple responses with either partially or completely inaccurate codes, including 4 entirely incorrect submissions each. Notably, some LLM suggestions fell within the appropriate CPT range but did not account for procedural specifics such as the inclusion of a graft or the depth of tissue debridement. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the potential of LLMs as an ancillary tool for CPT modifier identification in craniofacial surgery. By reducing administrative burdens and improving accuracy, these tools could enhance efficiency and reimbursement for complex procedures. Future directions include refining LLM capabilities and evaluating their generalizability across other surgical subspecialties.
Shared susceptibilities between knee osteoarthritis and hip osteoarthritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dear Editor, Recently, we have read the publication “Association of IL-17A-197G/A and IL-17F-7488T/C polymorphisms and osteoarthritis (OA) susceptibility: A meta-analysis”1 with great interest. However, the meta-analyses involved in this article only addressed the risk of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). As is known, the prevalence of hip and KOA varies by ethnicity. Asian populations show a higher prevalence for KOA and a lower prevalence for hip OA (HOA), notably in Chinese and Japanese compared with populations of European descent.2 These differences in the prevalence of KOA and HOA may also indicate genetic heterogeneity in ethnicity and predilection sites (knee or hip). Given that the interaction between genetic and environmental factors in OA is still not well understood and only a small fraction of the genetic determinants has been confirmed with biological explanations, it is necessary to elucidate the potential shared susceptibilities between KOA and HOA. So far, there have been only four research reports on the interleukin (IL)17F gene and OA susceptibility in Han Chinese populations,3-6 except the report from Gao et al1 However, these four articles are all about KOA, not HOA. Moreover, two articles reported a significant association between rs763780 and KOA risk,3, 5 while the other two articles did not identify the association of rs763780 with KOA risk.4, 6 Different studies on KOA susceptibility in the same population have yielded conflicting results, which makes it even more necessary to conduct a deeper systematic genetic association analyses in Han Chinese populations and even other populations. Moreover, these four articles simply examined the association of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs763780 with KOA risk, not including the common SNPs of the entire IL17F gene. It is unknown whether the SNP of rs763780 may coexist in linkage disequilibrium with other ungenotyped SNPs or variants to contribute to the risk of OA. What is more, there has been no study of the association of the IL17F gene with HOA risk in Han Chinese populations to date, so additional studies are particularly necessary to systemically evaluate the relationship between IL17F gene and HOA in different populations worldwide including Han Chinese populations. None.
Fungi participate in the dysbiosis of gut microbiota in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) were previously shown to display a bacterial gut dysbiosis but fungal microbiota has never been examined in these patients. The aim of this study was to assess the fungal gut microbiota in patients with PSC. Design We analysed the faecal microbiota of patients with PSC and concomitant IBD (n=27), patients with PSC and no IBD (n=22), patients with IBD and no PSC (n=33) and healthy subjects (n=30). Bacterial and fungal composition of the faecal microbiota was determined using 16S and ITS2 sequencing, respectively. Results We found that patients with PSC harboured bacterial dysbiosis characterised by a decreased biodiversity, an altered composition and a decreased correlation network density. These alterations of the microbiota were associated with PSC, independently of IBD status. For the first time, we showed that patients with PSC displayed a fungal gut dysbiosis, characterised by a relative increase in biodiversity and an altered composition. Notably, we observed an increased proportion of Exophiala and a decreased proportion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Compared with patients with IBD and healthy subjects, the gut microbiota of patients with PSC exhibited a strong disruption in bacteria-fungi correlation network, suggesting an alteration in the interkingdom crosstalk. Conclusion This study demonstrates that bacteria and fungi contribute to gut dysbiosis in PSC.
Oxygen micro profiles of multi-corer sediment core HE595_12-3

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This dataset includes onboard measurements of 100 μm vertical resolution oxygen micro-profiles from multi-corer cores retrieved during RV Heincke expeditions HE595 in 2022. Three to five measurements for each core were performed using micro-optodes with a tip diameter of 50 µm (OXR50, High Speed, Pyroscience). The samples were collected in the framework of the Project APOC (Anthropogenic impacts on particulate organic carbon cycling in the North Sea).
Optical Implementation Of The Kittler-Young Transform For Image Classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Kittler-Young (K-Y) transform is a nonparametric method for feature extraction. The important property of the K-Y transform is that the information of class variances and mean squares are utilized optimally in feature selection. A joint transform correlator (JTC) is used to extract the features of the K-Y transform from input images optically. Making use of these features, classifications are performed on a microcomputer.