jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ammonia decomposition in a dielectric barrier discharge plasma: Insights from experiments and kinetic modeling

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Utilizing ammonia as a storage medium for hydrogen is currently receiving increased attention. A possible method to retrieve the hydrogen is by plasma-catalytic decomposition. In this work, we combined an experimental study, using a dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor, with a plasma kinetic model, to get insights into the decomposition mechanism. The experimental results revealed a similar effect on the ammonia conversion when changing the flow rate and power, where increasing the specific energy input (higher power or lower flow rate) gave an increased conversion. A conversion as high as 82% was achieved at a specific energy input of 18 kJ/Nl. Furthermore, when changing the discharge volume from 31 to 10 cm3, a change in the plasma distribution factor from 0.2 to 0.1 was needed in the model to best describe the conversions of the experiments. This means that a smaller plasma volume caused a higher transfer of energy through micro-discharges (non-uniform plasma), which was found to promote the decomposition of ammonia. These results indicate that it is the collisions between NH3 and the high-energy electrons that initiate the decomposition. Moreover, the rate of ammonia destruction was found by the model to be in the order of 1022 molecules/(cm3 s) during the micro-discharges, which is 5 to 6 orders of magnitude higher than in the afterglows. A considerable re-formation of ammonia was found to take place in the afterglows, limiting the overall conversion. In addition, the model revealed that implementation of packing material in the plasma introduced high concentrations of surface-bound hydrogen atoms, which introduced an additional ammonia re-formation pathway through an Eley-Rideal reaction with gas phase NH2. Furthermore, a more uniform plasma is predicted in the presence of MgAl2O4, which leads to a lower average electron energy during micro-discharges and a lower conversion (37%) at a comparable residence time for the plasma alone (51%).
Intraneuronal advanced glycation endproducts in presenilin-1 Alzheimer??s disease

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The most frequently mutated gene resulting in dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease is presenilin-1. We have used antibodies against advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) in brain tissue sections of four patients with three different presenilin I mutations. Accumulation of intracellular AGE was observed in 75-95% of pyramidal neurons in patients with presenilin-1 mutations, far exceeding the percentage of presenilin-1-, tau- or ubiquitin-positive neurons. This high level of AGE-modified proteins in vulnerable neurons is most likely explained by higher levels of their precursors (reactive (di)carbonyl products) or a slower turnover of the participating proteins. These conditions of carbonyl stress may contribute to increased neuronal dysfunction and vulnerability leading to the early disease onset.
Investigating the Impact of Strategic Intelligence on Firm Performance and the Mediator Role of Strategic Flexibility

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Strategic flexibility is a mindset that enables businesses to deal effectively with a future they can forecast while still securing a stable market position in an uncertain and volatile environment. In this context, organisations that use this approach stay nimble. The primary goal of this chapter is to investigate the impact of strategic intelligence and its dimensions (foresight, visioning, and motivation) on firm performance, as well as the role of strategic flexibility and its dimensions (production flexibility, marketing flexibility, and competitive flexibility) in mediating such an impact in biotechnology industry firms. The hypotheses were analysed and tested using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) program and AMOS software. After conducting the analysis to test hypotheses, the researchers found that strategic intelligence has significant positive impacts on firm performance, positive impacts of strategic intelligence on strategic flexibility, and positive impacts of strategic intelligence on firm performance in the presence of strategic flexibility as a mediator variable. .
Human Neutrophils, Activated with Cytokines or Not, Do Not Kill Virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Human Neutrophils, Activated with Cytokines or Not, Do Not Kill Virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Get access Michel Denis Michel Denis Center of Research, Center ofPneumology, Laval Hospital, Ste.-Foy, Canada Reprints or correspondence: Dr. M. Denis, Center of Research, Center of Pneumology, Laval Hospital, 2725 Chemin Ste.-Foy, Ste.-Foy, Quebec 01V 405, Canada. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 163, Issue 4, April 1991, Pages 919–920, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/163.4.919 Published: 01 April 1991
Characterization of Proteins in Defatted Flour and Protein Isolate of Baobab (Adansonia Digitatal) Seeds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study sought to analyze the proteins of baobab seeds present in the defatted flour and protein isolate in terms of their functional properties, the profile of their fractions, and the in vitro digestibility and electrophoretic pattern. Baobab seeds were milled into flours and sieved, defatted with hexane and extracted at the pH of higher protein solubility to obtain the protein isolate. The defatted flour was high in protein (37.79Â±1.17), protein concentrate and isolate were 52.58Â±2.46, 88.14Â±079 respectively but moderate in available carbohydrates. The mineral (ash) decreased insignificantly; fiber and fat contents decreased significantly. Globulin (56.11Â±0.95%) followed by the albumins (28.12Â±0.24%), are the major fractions of the flour and protein isolate respectively. In vitro protein digestibility was greater for the protein Â isolate (88.91Â±0.20) than for the defatted flour (78.9Â±0.43).The electrophoretic profile of the protein fractions in full fat, defatted and isolate was evaluated in SDS-PAGE with major bands corresponding to molecular weights in the range of 42 â€“ 34, Â 42 -14, Â 26 - 14, 34 - 42 kDa respectively. The functional properties of the proteins indicate the possibility of their use in various foods providing water absorption capacity of 2.86Â±0.06gg-1, oil absorption capacity of 1.97Â±0.05gg-1, bulk density 0.43Â±0.01(g/ml), protein solubility of isolate is 97.34%, minimum foaming capacity of 55.00% and emulsion activity of 20% at iso-electric point. Â The results, suggest that baobab seeds protein has potential for use in food applications due to nutritional and Â good technologically functional properties.
Numerical Investigations of Phase Transformations Controlled by Interface Thermodynamic Conditions during Intercritical Annealing of Steels

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Austenite formation was numerically investigated using Thermo-Calc/DICTRA in a deformed ferrite/pearlite microstructure to produce dual-phase steels. This work aims to better understand how the interface conditions (local equilibrium with negligible partitioning—LENP—or local equilibrium with partitioning—LEP) control the austenite growth kinetics during the intercritical annealing. Inspired by our experimental observations, two nucleation sites were considered. The austenite formed from pearlite islands showed a regime transition from LENP to LEP when the holding stage started. For the growth of austenite from isolated carbides, three stages were identified during the heating stage: first, slow growth under LEP; then, fast growth under LENP; and finally, after dissolution of the carbide, slow growth again. LENP and LEP interface conditions may coexist thanks to these regime transitions. In the case of competition, LEP conditions hinder austenite growth while it is promoted by LENP interface conditions. Such differences in growth kinetics explain, in part, the morphogenesis of dual-phase microstructures.
A pesquisa em instituições de saúde de mediana e alta complexidade do Valle de Aburrá, 2011

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: identifying the knowledge level of the employees regarding the research policies of mid and high complexity healthcare facilities in the Aburra Valley, Colombia. Methodology: cross-section research, with surveys for 224 employees of the healthcare providing institutions of high (52) and mid (322) complexity, both public and private, in 2011. Results: regarding the knowledge about the existence of research policies, we found that it is higher in the employees of high complexity institutions (p = 0.000). Over 70% of the employees surveyed showed their interest in working on research projects. Conclusion: public high complexity healthcare facilities showed more developments on research and we found great interest of the employees of the health sector on research, regardless of the complexity level, the type of facility, and education level.
Epistemic Modals and Contextual Projection

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The last few years have seen a growing interest in the semantic analysis of epistemic modal claims. By my lights, the most appealing analysis of epistemic modals is the relativistic approach. However, in their paper, “CIA Leaks”, Kai von Fintel and Anthony Gillies present some problems they think the relativistic approach must explain. I aim to defend a variation on the relativistic analysis of epistemic modals. I argue that when we determine the truth-value of sentences containing epistemic modals, we are free to evaluate modal claims from contexts other than the standard context of utterance. This freedom to evaluate the modal claims from different contexts is what I call contextual projection. When contextual projection takes place the sentence can be either true or false, appropriate or inappropriate. Furthermore, I will argue that the general phenomenon that is contextual projection is a common occurrence observable in ordinary language use.
Theoretical Issues Involving Traps for Neutral Spin-Polarized Atoms.

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this project was to theoretically study and design a laser trap for neutral atoms. At low atomic densities, such a trap could be used to address a number of fundamental questions, e.g., the interaction of an individual atom with an electromagnetic field, collision dynamics, recombination. In particular, after examining a variety of laser-magnet trap concepts, we studied the feasibility and limitations of a 'corner cube' laser trap for potassium atoms based on a near-resonant CW TEM sub 01 ('doughnut mode') alexandrite laser beam with cooling provided by He4 atoms at approx. 1.5 K and designed initial experiments.
Postpartum haemorrhage after induced and spontaneous labour.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The labour records of 1000 consecutive deliveries were studied to compare the incidence of postpartum haemorrhage after induced labour with that after spontaneous labour. The discovery of an increased incidence of postpartum haemorrhage in the induced group prompted further analysis of the incidence of haemorrhage among 3674 normal deliveries. This analysis confirmed that the incidence of postpartum haemorrhage was increased after induction of labour; among primiparous patients the increased incidence after induced labours was nearly twice that after spontaneous labours, even when only normal deliveries were considered. These findings indicate that postpartum haemorrhage is another complication of induction that needs to be taken into account when induction is being considered.
Using TRIZ to Generate Ideas to Solve the Problem of the Shortage of ICT Workers

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

With the ever competitive global market swamped with more choices of high-tech gadgets from smartphones to head-mounted display eyewear like “Google Glass”, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is one of the key factors to engineering and technological advancement and the bridge to the future. In view of such significant importance, the government of Malaysia has been embarking on national policies to prioritise the education and the programmes on ICT to train and produce highly skilled ICT workers to achieve the nation’s ambition to become a developed country. Despite the government efforts, studies have shown that Malaysia is still currently facing shortage of skilled ICT workers. In view of this shortage of skilled ICT worker problem, a systematic engineering problem solving theory known as TRIZ is applied to generate ideas and potential solutions to solve this problem in this research.
Does emotional intelligence mediate the relation between mindfulness and anxiety and depression in adolescents?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

High anxiety and depression are often observed in the Australian adolescent population, and if left untreated, can have long-term negative consequences impacting educational attainment and a range of important life outcomes. The utilization of mindfulness techniques has been associated with decreased anxiety and depression, but the underlying mechanisms for this is only beginning to be understood. Previous research with adult samples has suggested that the development of emotional intelligence (EI) may be one mechanism by which mindfulness confers its benefits on wellbeing. This study is the first to examine the relation between mindfulness, EI, anxiety, and depression in an adolescent population. It was hypothesized that EI would mediate the relationships between mindfulness and anxiety, as well as mindfulness and depression. The sample consisted of 108 adolescents from a public secondary school, aged between 13 and 15 years (Mage = 13.68, SDage = 0.56, 51 males and 57 females). Participants completed an online self-report questionnaire which measured dispositional mindfulness, EI, anxiety, and depression. The results indicated that one subscale of EI - Emotional Recognition and Expression (ERE) mediated the relation between mindfulness and anxiety, while two subscales of EI - ERE and Emotional Management and Control (EMC) mediated the relation between mindfulness and depression. Future research utilizing a mindfulness intervention should be conducted to examine whether the use of mindfulness increases EI and decreases anxiety and depression in adolescents.
Unravelling switch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI-SNF) complex-deficient thoracic tumours: a clinicopathological comparative on undifferentiated tumours and non-small cell lung carcinomas with BRG1 and BRM deficiency

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims This study was undertaken to compare and expand the clinicopathological characteristics of SMARCA4-deficient thoracic undifferentiated tumour (SMARCA4-dUT) and switch/sucrose non-fermentable-deficient non-small cell lung carcinomas (SWI/SNF-dNSCLC) and to address cases with intermediate features. Methods The pathology department archive was searched for all primary mediastinal, pleural and lung-based malignancies that showed aberrant expression of two SWI/SNF proteins the Brahma (BRM) aka SMARCA2 and/or (Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1) aka SMARCA4 . Patient demographics, treatment and clinical outcomes were collected from records and telephonic interviews. Differences in histopathological features and immunohistochemical stains were analysed. Cases with characteristics intermediate between both tumour entities were sequenced to advance our understanding of their biology and to assign them a more accurate classification. Results We identified 50 tumours with SMARCA4 and/or SMARCA2 deficiencies, including 23 (46%) SMARCA4-dUT, 18 (36%) SMARCA4-dNSCLC and 2 (4%) SMARCA2-dNSCLC. Dyscohesive or undifferentiated cellular morphology versus frank gland formation along with keratin, claudin-4 and expression of >1 stem cell marker helped classify the SWI/SNF deficient tumours as SMARCA4-dUT or SWI/SNF-dNSCLC (p<0.05). Seven (14%) cases with BRG1 deficiency displayed ‘intermediate’ features of both SMARCA4-dNSCLC and SMARCA4-dUT and had the shortest overall survival. The smoking-related gene signature was observed on sequencing in all four cases examined. Conclusion Tumours with intermediate features between SMARCA4-dUT and SWI/SNF-dNSCLC exist and portend an equally poor prognoses. Immunostains, including keratin, claudin-4, TTF1, HepPar1, stem cell markers, along with BRG1 and BRM testing, are essential adjuncts to morphology, while molecular studies can offer supplementary evidence in challenging cases.
Analysis of phytochemical variability in Neem formulations

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Herbal drug development includes various steps, starting from a passport data on raw materials, correct identification, pharmacognistic and chemical quality, standardization, safety and randomized clinical trials. Addressing standardization is vital and needs broader consideration. Adulteration in market samples and availability of sub-standard products is one of the greatest drawbacks in promotion of herbal products from India, therefore, present study was undertaken to evaluate the phytochemical variability in neem formulations available in the market. Five Ayurvedic formulations, containing neem as the main ingredient was chosen for the study. The samples were tested for the amount of limonoids like 2', 3' dehydrosalannol, salannin, nimbolide and azadiradione using HPLC (High-performance liquid chromatography ) technique. The wide variations in the amount of the active principles in the samples highlight the need for stringent quality control measures in herbal industry.
Data from: Historical surveys reveal a long-term decline in muskrat populations

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) is an iconic species in Canada, valued for both its fur and its integral role in wetland ecosystems, and widely regarded for its perseverance. However, the resilience of this semi-aquatic mammal seems to be in question now as increasing evidence points to widespread population declines. Recent analyses of harvest data across North America suggest a reduction in their numbers, but this has not been widely corroborated by population surveys. In this study we replicated historic muskrat house count surveys at two large Great Lakes coastal wetlands and present confirmation that declines in muskrat harvest correspond to actual declines in muskrat abundance. At the Point Pelee National Park marsh and the Matchedash Bay-Gray Marsh wetland we found that mean muskrat house counts declined by 93% and 91% respectively between historic surveys 40-50 years ago and contemporary surveys over the past seven years. The factors responsible for these dramatic declines remain unclear but there may be a relationship with changes in the habitat quality of these wetlands that have occurred over the same time frame. Not only is the loss of muskrats an issue for the resulting loss of the wetland ecosystem services they provide, but it may be an indication of broader marsh ecosystem degradation. As such, a scarcity of muskrats should be considered a red flag for the state of biodiversity in our wetlands. Continued surveys and ongoing research are needed to shed more light on the current status of muskrat populations and their marsh habitats across their native range.
ORAL IRON VERSUS PARENTERAL IRON SUCROSE IN A RURAL TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF SOUTHERN INDIA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Nutritional iron deciency is one of the most common deciency disorders affecting more than one billion people, with pregnant women at particular risk. In pregnancy iron decit attributable due to increased iron demand of the feto-placental unit and an increase in maternal red cell mass. 30% of anaemic women have haemoglobin levels below 10g/dl above 10% below 8g/dl. Irrespective of mode of delivery blood loss can also be a contributing factor postnatal. Oral iron therapy and intravenous iron sucrose are the main therapy of iron deciency anaemia. The present study is aimed at comparing both their efcacy side effects. METHOD : Aprospective randomised control study was done from June 2019- September 2020, in the department of Obstetrics and gynaecology, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Science, BG nagara. 253 women including antenatal women between 8-38 weeks gestational age were studied and postnatal women studied with no associated obstetrics and medical complication. They were divided into Group A (Oral) and Group B(Intravenous) by randomization. The two groups were monitored clinically, and for an improvement in laboratory parameters after four weeks on day 30 haemoglobin and haematocrit were repeated in both the groups. This study results were expressed as mean +/- standard deviation. And to test the signicance of difference between Oral and IVmode of treatment, student Ttest was done to verify the statistical signicance. RESULTS: Out of 253 patients in the study the mean age of ANC patients was 24.7+/- 4.4years. Mean age of PNC patients was 24.15+/- 3.5years. The peripheral smear showed Dimorphic anaemia in 9.1% and Microcytic Hypochromic picture in 90.9 % of the patients. Initial haemoglobin of ANC patients was 9.8+/- 0.3g/dl. The initial haemoglobin of PNC patients was 9.73+/- 0.91g/dl. 59.3% of the patient had a haemoglobin between 7.1 and 10.0g/dl. Final haemoglobin of an ANC patient was 11.68+/-0.98g/dl, PNC patients 11.69+/-0.99g/dl. There was a substantial increase in Group Ahaemoglobin (oral iron) raising from 10.2+/-7.2g/dl to 12.0+/-0.92g/dl with a T value of 9.25. as well as in Group B (iron sucrose) raising from 9.3+/-8.5g/dl to 11.3+/-0g/dl with T value of 5.65. In both cases this raise in haemoglobin after four weeks had a p value less than 0.01 which was highly statistically signicant. Conclusion:Intravenous iron sucrose is more effective than oral iron for correction of anaemia with lesser side-effect
[Analysis of eleven mineral elements for eight benthic marine diatoms using AAS].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Eleven mineral-elements, Mg, Fe, K, Ca, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cr and Cd, for eight benthic marine diatoms were determined by using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). This method is rapid with high precision and accuracy. The relative standard deviation, correlative coefficient and recovery rate are less then 6.85%, 0.9989-0.9999 and 95%-103%, respectively. The results show that there are high mineral-element levels in the eight benthic diatoms, with Mg>Fe>K>Ca> Mn>Zn among them, while the contents of Ni and Cu are poor, and there are little Pb, Cr and Cd in benthic diatoms. The contents of Mg, K and Mn in Navicula seminulum Grun are maximum elements, with (17.2240 +/- 0.0302) mg x g(-1) SD and (1.7885 +/- 0.0939) mg x g(-1) SD, (0.2253 +/- 0.0011) mg x g(-1) SD respectively. There were the most contents of Fe (4.2314 +/- 0.0309) mg x g(-1) SD and Zn (0.1167 +/- 0.0029) mg x g(-1) SD, Cu (0.0227 +/- 0.0007) mg x g(-1) SD and Ni (0.0147 +/- 0.0005) mg x g(-1) SD in Hantzschia amphioxys (Ehr.) Grun. var. leptocephala Ostrup. The element of maximum content in Nitzschia sp. was Ca (6.3537 +/- 0.0412 mg x g(-1) SD). The experimental results indicate that the eight benthic diatom species could prove useful feed species for benthic animal species grown in aquaculture such as abalone, sea urchin and sea cucumber.