jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Disease Progression and Clinical Response in Systemic Sclerosis: Experience From a Proof‐of‐Concept Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Using the modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS) as a surrogate for disease activity, a phase 2a study in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) measured efficacy of the autotaxin inhibitor ziritaxestat. Mathematical modeling of mRSS was used to predict disease progression, examine candidate trial designs, and predict the probability of successfully discriminating treatment effect. Methods Patients with SSc receiving 600 mg of ziritaxestat or placebo for 24 weeks were included, in addition to data up to week 52 of the open‐label extension (OLE). Longitudinal mRSS data were described using a disease progression model; drug effect was a binary variable. Parameters used to predict the OLE mRSS outcome were estimated using data from the 24‐week double‐blind phase and validated with observed data. Three trial designs were simulated to identify which had the highest probability of detecting a treatment effect. Power to detect a treatment effect was quantified using the simulations. Results Maximum decreases from baseline in mRSS were 50.4% (ziritaxestat) and 34.7% (placebo). Study designs based on 300 patients randomized 2:1 or 1:1 to 600 mg of ziritaxestat or placebo had similar probabilities of detecting a significant treatment effect. Power to detect a treatment effect was >80% for all simulations. Conclusion Disease progression and drug effect could be predicted beyond the range of observed data. This modeling and simulation approach may inform future trial design, including study duration, and predict the probability of success.
Mixed-methods approach to develop an agreed concept on patient relevance: study protocol for the ‘PRO patients study’

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction With respect to patient-centred care and shared decision-making, measuring care effects based on outcomes relevant to patients is becoming increasingly important. Recently, a scoping review of the international literature revealed a wide range of supposedly patient-relevant outcomes and found that there is neither a sound definition of patient relevance nor a consistent set of outcomes relevant to patients. To close this gap, this study aims to develop an agreed concept on patient relevance including a set of outcomes relevant to patients irrespective of diseases, which grades outcomes according to their importance. Methods and analysis This prospective mixed-methods study will integrate the perspectives of patients across diseases, healthcare professionals and researchers. The consensus process will consist of four phases. Based on the results of the recent scoping review, a patient survey will be conducted first, followed by a multiprofessional group discussion. Finally, a two-round online Delphi approach based on data from the previous phases will be applied to agree on a concept. Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval for the study was granted on 26 August 2020 by the Ethics Commission of Witten/Herdecke University (reference number: 156/2020). In the long run, the implementation of an agreed concept on patient relevance will help improve the comparability of study results regarding the patient benefit and thereby strengthen the role of patients in the decision-making process. Also, the experiences regarding grading outcomes according to importance will help to develop a method on how to individualise clinical trial outcomes according to each patient’s individual specifics and priorities in order to more adequately represent the patient perspective in clinical research. Trial registration number Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials Initiative (registration number: 1685).
From Gene Expression to Metabolic Fluxes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The development of genome-wide high-throughput technologies to identify and map cellular components and to quantify different types of cellular molecules has offered new possibilities for the study of biological systems. In the field of metabolic engineering, which deals with the rational redirection of metabolic fluxes toward a product of interest through the introduction of targeted genetic modifications, it is of interest to have tools and models that relate genotype and phenotype. Here, we illustrate how systems biology approaches are being used in metabolic engineering to explore properties and capabilities of microbial cells, to uncover hidden regulatory mechanisms, and to design enhanced microbial cell factories. Several "omics" technologies that are particularly useful for metabolic engineering are described, including methods for quantification of mRNA levels, metabolite concentrations, and fluxes through reactions. Furthermore, we review classical and integrative methods for analysis of omics data and describe several mathematical models used to predict phenotypic behavior based on the metabolic network structure. Because metabolic networks and metabolic fluxes are at the core of metabolic engineering, a brief introduction to the characteristics of genome-scale metabolic networks and to key aspects of regulation and control of metabolic fluxes are also referred.
Data from A Phase I Study of Cixutumumab (IMC-A12) in Combination with Temsirolimus (CCI-779) in Children with Recurrent Solid Tumors: A Children's Oncology Group Phase I Consortium Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> To determine the MTD, dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), pharmacokinetics, and biologic effects of cixutumumab administered in combination with temsirolimus to children with refractory solid tumors.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> Cixutumumab and temsirolimus were administered intravenously once every 7 days in 28-day cycles. Pharmacokinetic and biology studies, including assessment of mTOR downstream targets in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, were performed during the first cycle.</p><p><b>Results:</b> Thirty-nine patients, median age 11.8 years (range, 1–21.5), with recurrent solid or central nervous system tumors were enrolled, of whom 33 were fully assessable for toxicity. There were four dose levels, which included two dose reductions and a subsequent intermediated dose escalation: (i) IMC-A12 6 mg/kg, temsirolimus 15 mg/m<sup>2</sup>; (ii) IMC-A12 6 mg/kg, temsirolimus 10 mg/m<sup>2</sup>; (iii) IMC-A12 4 mg/kg, temsirolimus 8 mg/m<sup>2</sup>; and (iv) IMC-A12 6 mg/kg, temsirolimus 8 mg/m<sup>2</sup>. Mucositis was the predominant DLT. Other DLTs included hypercholesterolemia, fatigue, thrombocytopenia, and increased alanine aminotransferase. Target inhibition (decreased S6K1 and PAkt) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was noted at all dose levels. Marked interpatient variability in temsirolimus pharmacokinetic parameters was noted. At 8 mg/m<sup>2</sup>, the median temsirolimus AUC was 2,946 ng • h/mL (range, 937–5,536) with a median sirolimus AUC of 767 ng • h/mL (range, 245–3,675).</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> The recommended pediatric phase II doses for the combination of cixutumumab and temsirolimus are 6 mg/kg and 8 mg/m<sup>2</sup>, respectively. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 21(7); 1558–65. ©2014 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Dual-polarized HF antenna

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The final year project is to study the integration of a vertical polarized antenna, which will be conical monopole, and a horizontal polarized antenna, which is bow-tie dipole. Dual polarization will be attained with the combination of both antennas. Both antennas are in the frequency range of 3 to 30 MHz, which is known as High Frequency (HF). Miniaturization techniques are explored to reduce the height of the conical monopole and the height and width of the bow-tie dipole (biconical antenna). ANYSS High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) will be used to design and simulate the antenna, which simulation of both antennas will be tested individually and after integrating. HFSS can simulate full wave electromagnetic in 3-D field solver as it uses Finite Element Method (FEM). It is a software widely used in RF/microwave design (e.g. Antenna design and platform integration, Filters and waveguide structures). It can achieve essential parameters which includes S-Parameters (S11), Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) and displays radiation patterns of gain. They will serve as important features to determine the optimum parameters of the antenna.
Tailoring Microstructures and Ionic Conductivities of Li1+XAlxGe2–X(PO4)3 (LAGP) Solid Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Batteries

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have been successfully utilized as power sources for various electronic devices (e.g. mobile phone, remote controller, lab-top, etc.). Recently, the application of LIBs is extending to emerging markets such as electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage systems (ESSs) for grid-supporting. Unfortunately, conventional LIBs still suffer from safety issues associated with the use of flammable organic electrolytes. To overcome such limitation of LIBs, many attentions have been devoted to the development of all-solid-state batteries (ASBs) that are employing solid electrolytes with excellent structural and electrochemical stabilities. Li 1+x Al x Ge 2–x (PO 4 ) 3 (LAGP) is a kind of potential solid electrolytes with a NASICON structure. It offers relatively high bulk ionic conductivity (~10 -4 Scm -1 ) with a wide electrochemical window and great moisture tolerance. [2] Owing to these advantages, LAGP can be a great option as a practical solid electrolyte for realizing ASBs. However, there are some technical issues to be resolved before commercial use of LAGP solid electrolytes as follow; i) a low ionic conductivity arising from the high boundary resistance and ii) a high synthesis temperature (i.e. energy consumable process). In this work, the microstructures of LAGP solid electrolyte are tailored by addition of Bi 2 O 3 and B 2 O 3 with a purpose of improving the ionic conductivity and reducing the fabrication temperature. Based on various structural and electrochemical analyses, we investigate the correlation between microstructure and ionic conductivity of LAGP. In practice, Bi 2 O 3 is able to improve the structural integrity of LAGP with turning down of the sintering temperature, leading to the densification of LAGP [1] and, on the other hand, B 2 O 3 facilitates the grain growth of LAGP during synthesis. [3] As a result of co-addition of Bi 2 O 3 and B 2 O 3 , the ionic conductivity of LAGP solid electrolyte increases about one order of magnitude higher than pristine LAGP. This work will provide a practical guideline to develop a highly reliable solid electrolytes for ABSs. (Figure 1 image) SD Lee and KN Jung, ChemSusChem 10 , 2175 (2017) Masashi Kotobuki, Keigo Hoshina, Yasuhiro Isshiki, Phosphorus Research Bulletin 24 , 061 (2010) Harsharaj S. Jadhav, Ramchandra S. Kalubarme, Seong-Yong Jang, KN Jung, Mo, Dalton Trans. 43 , 11723 (2014) Figure 1
Myocardial autophagy variation during acute myocardial infarction in rats: the effects of carvedilol.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

AMI induces the formation of AV in the myocardium. The expression of anti-apoptosis-related proteins increases in response to upregulation of autophagy. Carvedilol increases the formation of AVs and upregulates autophagy and anti-apoptosis of the cardiac myocytes after AMI.
Room temperature electrically pumped silicon nano-light source at telecommunication wavelengths

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We demonstrate electrically pumped silicon nano-light source at room temperature, having very narrow emission line (<0.5nm) at 1500nm wavelength, by enhancing the electroluminescence (EL) via combination of hydrogen plasma treatment and Purcell effect. The measured output power spectral density is 0.8mW/nm/cm2, which is highest ever reported value from any silicon light emitter.
LHD ICHPXI #170857.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) heating system to launch fast waves (Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) waves) to heat plasma particles by wave-particle interaction. Raw data are forward and reflected power and voltage of transmission lines, 3.5 U/L and 4.5 U/L.
Synthesis and Electrocatalysis Activity of Silver-Tin Bimetallic Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

摘要: 在乙醇为溶剂和还原剂、碳粉为载体的体系中,采用水热法将Ag+或Ag+-Sn2+还原,形成纳米多孔网状结构的Ag或Ag-Sn双金属纳米颗粒,制备碳粉负载的Ag/C和Ag-Sn/C催化剂。 利用循环伏安和线性扫描技术,研究了碱性溶液中这些催化剂对氧还原反应(ORR)的电活性。 研究表明,Ag/C和Ag-Sn/C对ORR均表现出强的电催化活性,它们对ORR的起始电位约0.05 V(vs.Ag/AgCl)。 在Ag97Sn3/C催化剂上,ORR的电流密度为2.87×10-3 A/cm2(800 r/min),高于Ag/C。 Levich方程分析表明,在Ag-Sn/C催化剂上,ORR转移电子数明显大于Ag/C,说明在Ag-Sn/C催化剂上,氧气能够较为彻底被还原。 此外,在甲醇存在下,Ag/C和Ag-Sn/C对ORR的活性基本保持不变,表明它们对甲醇有较强的耐受力。
Additional file 8: of Gene regulatory networks on transfer entropy (GRNTE): a novel approach to reconstruct gene regulatory interactions applied to a case study for the plant pathogen Phytophthora infestans

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Network S3. Network file for the subnetwork of P. infestans extracted from the intersection of nodes and edges between networks for infection in Col2 and Col3 as observed in Fig. 6. Network in XML format, can be visualized in Cytoscape. (XML 16 kb)
Imaging Calcium Dynamics Using Targeted Recombinant Aequorins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

INTRODUCTION Aequorin is a small protein produced by the genus Aequorea that was widely used in the 1960s and 1970s as a probe to measure Ca 2+ in living cells. The invention of the carboxylate Ca 2+ indicators, which are much simpler to load into intact living cells and to calibrate and image at the single-cell level, has led most groups to abandon aequorin. Yet, this latter Ca 2+ indicator still offers some advantages over the fluorescent probes. In particular, the use of molecular biological techniques for expressing recombinant aequorin in mammalian cells, thus eliminating the need for microinjection, has opened new possibilities for this probe. Among the new uses of aequorin, one of the most interesting is the potential for targeting it specifically to different cellular locations, thus opening the possibility of monitoring selectively the dynamics of [Ca 2+ ] with unprecedented spatial resolution. This article briefly discusses the problems concerned with targeting aequorin to different locations, the advantages and disadvantages offered by the steep dependence of luminescence on [Ca 2+ ], and the instruments needed to obtain reliable measurements.
Expression of Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) Specific Transcription Factors and Cell Surface PCNA and Their Role in CSC Escape From NK Cell Effector Function

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Natural Killer (NK) cells participate in the innate immune response against cancer and infection without prior sensitization. NK cell function depends on a balance of signals transmitted from activating and inhibitory receptors interacting with ligands on the surface of target cells. Cancer cells may evade NK-mediated killing by expressing or secreting ligands for NK cell inhibitory receptors. The Natural Cytotoxicity Receptor (NCR) family, comprised of NKp30, NKp44, and NKp46, is classically described as a group of activating receptors that induce NK cell activation and cytotoxicity. Notably, NKp44 functions as an activating or inhibitory receptor depending on ligand interaction. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) associates with Human Leukocyte Antigen I (HLA I) and forms the inhibitory ligand for NKp44, resulting in the inhibition of NK function. Cancer stem cells (CSC), a unique subset of tumor cells, possess a stem-cell-like phenotype and are thought to facilitate metastasis by escaping NK cell effector function.\nMethods: Diffuse B cell lymphoma (DB) cells were labeled and sorted for cell surface PCNA expression via fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). Total RNA was isolated, converted to cDNA, and the transcription factors NANOG, SOX2, and Oct-4, which are associated with CSC phenotype, were analyzed by qRT-PCR from sorted PCNA+ and PCNA- cells. NK receptor-ligand interactions were blocked by incubating DB cells with anti-PCNA, anti-NKp44, or control antibodies and a chromium release killing assay was performed.\nResults: Cell sorting and qRT-PCR confirmed DB cells with cell surface PCNA have increased expression of transcription factors compared to PCNA- cells. Blocking the interaction of NKp44 and PCNA enhanced the killing of DB by NK cells.\nConclusions: Cell surface PCNA is associated with increased CSC transcription factor expression. Additionally, cell surface PCNA on CSC may facilitate escape from NK cell killing by interacting with NKp44 and transmission of an inhibitory signal. Characterization of stem cell transcription factors and cell surface PCNA may provide novel immunotherapeutic targets to destroy CSC and thus prevent cancer metastasis.
[Management of open, potentially infected hand injuries with bone defect by delayed early bone substitution].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Authors make an analogy between the principles of treatment of the fresh, potentially infected injuries with bone and soft tissue defects and of the already developed manifest infection of the hand. The principles of treatment are essentially the same. First of all the fixateur externe and the antibiotics containing globules are suggested for the sanation and prevention of the disease equally. Attention is called to the fact, that better results can be expected from the prophylaxis than from the attempts to make the process reversible. The beneficial synergism of the extrafocal fixation and the intrafocally acting antibiotics will help. One of the secrets of the good late functional results is the early restitution of the architecture of the bones of the hand. For this, the authors suggest the most modern replacement of bone in the form of primary delayed cancellous bone plasty, performed within two weeks.
INFLUENCE OF ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY ON BONE DENSITY, MUSCLE STRENGTH AND BODY COMPOSITION IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1181 The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the effects of Estrogen Replacement Therapy (ERT) use on bone mineral density (BMD), muscle strength and body composition in postmenopausal women. Subjects (55-65 yrs old, > 7 yrs postmenopausal) were placed into ERT (n=20) and Non-ERT (n=20) groups. DXA (Lunar DPX-IQ) was used to assess total body, lumbar spine and proximal femur BMD, and body composition. Upper and lower body strength were measured by 1-RM testing with Cybex isotonic weight machines. Diagnostic ultrasound was used to measure muscle cross-sectional area of the biceps brachii and rectus femoris. Serum osteocalcin was measured by RIA (Diagnostic Systems Laboratories) as a marker of bone turnover. Physical activity patterns were determined from a Physical Activity Scale for Elderly (PASE) questionnaire (NERI, 1991). There were no significant differences (p> .05) in physical activity levels, muscle strength, muscle cross-sectional areas, specific force or in body composition variables between ERT and Non-ERT. ERT had significantly higher (p<.05) total body and Ward's Triangle BMD than Non-ERT. Serum osteocalcin levels were significantly lower (p<.05) in ERT. In conclusion, women taking ERT exhibited similar muscular strength, muscle size and body composition as their estrogen-deficient counterparts. However, estrogen use was associated with higher BMD for the total body and hip, and with suppressed bone turnover.
Europe Through the Borders? The Implementation of INTERREG III-A France-Spain

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Assuming that structural funds are the catalyser of new forms of governing within the member states, this paper focuses on the Europeanisation process through the comparison of three cases of implementation of the INTERREG programme for cross-border co-operation. It questions the legal and cognitive capacities of the European Commission to make converge the regional and sub-regional actors toward the constitution of multi-level networks mobilised for the territorial development. It is argued that the translation of the action of the Commission depends on the capacity of institutionalisation of interests and ideas at the border local level.
Response Analysis of Multi-Storey RC Buildings under Equivalent Static and Dynamic Loads According to Egyptian Code

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The frequent occurrence of earthquakes around the world has heightened the need for studying the seismic performance of existing structures according to code of practice. This concept has become an urgent issue in Egypt especially after hitting a dramatic earthquake to Cairo in 1992. The objective of this research is to assess the seismic performance of an existing shear wall residential building located in Cairo. Both dynamic response spectrum (RS) and equivalent static force (ESF) methods are used in the seismic analysis. The design RS curve suggested by the Egyptian Code (EC) for seismic design is utilized to perform the dynamic analysis. The response analysis of the building under the acting seismic loads has been performed using ETABS, universal finite element analysis software for dynamic analysis. The entire work has been carried out in two stages in order to rescale the dynamic base shear. In the first stage, the built three dimensional building model has been subjected to the static and dynamic earthquake loading following Egyptian code guidelines and hence the obtained static and dynamic base shear are compared. The second stage is concerned with scaling the obtained dynamic base shear and reloading the model as the first stage. The considered responses are expressed in terms of floor displacements, shear forces at each floor level, base shear and base moment. Moreover, results from numerical simulations, for storey torsional irregularity ratios are presented for the considered static and dynamic analysis methods. The results of the study show significant differences in building's responses obtained using ESF and RS analysis methods. It has been found that the application of static method in a specified direction results in responses in the same direction. However, the applications of dynamic RS method induces response in both directions regardless the direction of loading.
Synthesis and X‐ray structures of unexpected 2‐O‐(5‐deoxy‐1,2‐O‐isopropylidene‐α‐D‐glucofuranos‐5‐yloxy)quinoxalines

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Reaction of 3‐methyl‐2(1 H )‐quinoxalinone ( 4) and 2(1 H )‐quinoxalinone ( 5) with 5,6‐anhydro‐1,2‐ O ‐isopropylidene‐ α ‐ D ‐glucofuranose 6 gives the unexpected O ‐glucoquinoxalines derivatives by the intermediary novel intramolecular rearrangement of 5,6‐anhydro‐1,2‐ O ‐isopropylidene‐ α ‐ D ‐glucofuranose to the corresponding 3,6‐anhydro form. The obtained O ‐glucoquinoxalines 7,8 were identified by NMR spectroscopy. The X‐ray crystal structures have been determined at room temperature. Moreover, a solid–solid phase transition has been detected at 198.9 K for O ‐glucoquinoxalines 7 and the structure of the low‐temperature phase has been solved at 188 K. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.