jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
IN VITRO REGENERATION OF BACTERIAL WILT-FREE GINGER PLANTLETS IN A MEDIUM SUPPLEMENTED WITH 6-BENZYL AMINO PURINE (BAP) AND 1-NAPHTALENE ACETIC ACID (NAA)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi optimum 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP) and 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) untuk meregenerasi planlet jahe yang bebas penyakit layu bakteri secara in vitro. Eksplan \nyang digunakan adalah bagian meristem dari rimpang jahe gajah yang ditanam pada lahan yang terinfeksi bakteri Pseudomonas solanacearum. Eksplan dipotong dengan ukuran 0.5 cm dan dikulturkan pada media dasar MS dengan berbagai kombinasi perlakuan. Penelitian disusun dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah pemberian BAP dengan 6 taraf konsentrasi (0,1,2,3,4 dan 5 ppm BAP), dan faktor kedua adalah pemberian NAA dengan 6 taraf konsentrasi (0,1,2,3,4 dan 5 ppm NAA). Penelitian dilakukan dengan 18 cara sterilisasi dan penanaman untuk meregenerasi planlet yang bebas dari kontaminasi P. solanacearum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian BAP dan NAA mempengaruhi regenerasi plantlet jahe gajah secara in vitro. Persentase pembentukan tunas, akar, dan plantlet mencapai 83.33 – 100%. Jumlah tunas terbanyak diperoleh pada media dengan penambahan 4 ppm BAP dan 3 ppm NAA. Sedangkan jumlah akar terbanyak diperoleh pada media dengan penambahan 3.58 ppm BAP dan 5 ppm NAA. Pemberian 3-4 ppm BAP dan 3 ppm NAA merupakan kombinasi perlakuan yang terbaik untuk meregenerasi plantlet jahe secara in vitro. Hasil pengujian terhadap cairan sel rimpang menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hanya 2% sampel rimpang yang masih terinfeksi P. Solanacearum. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa penggunaan teknik in vitro dalam perbanyakan rimpang mikro jahe dapat menghasilkan rimpang yang bebas patogen (diseases-free rhizome).
Implication of livelihood diversification on wetland resources conservation: A case from Bangladesh

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The Management of Aquatic Ecosystems through Community Husbandry was demonstrated in Hail Haor from 1999 to 2008 to ensure sustainable wetland resources management and conservation. This paper focused the importance of diversified livelihood options for the resources users to increase income, diversify income sources and improve the wetland productivity. A long-term support to 2,004 resources users was provided to explore income generation schemes through skills and credit. Income generation activities were adopted in 15 different types of trades that covered poultry and livestock rearing, fish culture, operating small business, tailoring or establishing tree nursery. These offered greater income and stability for the resources users. The overall income gained by the resources users around 64% where income generation activities contributed 50% of the total income they gained in 2006. Fishing effort was reduced almost 43% and over 14% fishers left fishing. New livelihoods helped them moving into other occupations reducing dependency on wetland resources that enabled habitat and fish stock recovery. Exploring diversified livelihoods could help the resources users to involve in wetland resources restoration process without livelihood deprivation. Key words: Resources user; livelihood option; fishing effort; wetland restoration; resources conservation DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jowe.v5i0.4905 J Wet Eco 2011 (5): 59-65
Redox Regulation of NOX Isoforms on FAK(Y397)/SRC(Y416) Phosphorylation Driven Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Malignant Cervical Epithelial Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) promulgates epithelial cell associated disease-defining characteristics in tumorigenesis and organ fibrosis. Growth factors such as epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor in addition to cytokines such as transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is said to play a prominent role in remodeling related pathological events of cancer progression such as invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, EMT, etc. through redox related cellular secondary messengers, in particular the reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the signaling cascade underlying the redox mechanism and thereby the progression of EMT remains largely unknown. In this study, upon TGF-β1 treatment, we observed an induction in NOX isoforms—NOX2 and NOX4—that have time (early and late) and cellular localization (nucleus and autophagosome co-localized) dependent effects in mediating EMT associated cell proliferation and migration through activation of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/SRC pathway in HeLa, human cervical cancer cells. Upon silencing NOX2/4 gene expression and using the SRC inhibitor (AZD0530), progression of TGF-β1 induced EMT related cellular remodeling, extra cellular matrix (ECM) production, cell migration and invasion, got significantly reverted. Together, these results indicate that NOX2 and NOX4 play important, albeit distinct, roles in the activation of cytokine mediated EMT and its associated processes via tyrosine phosphorylation of the FAK/SRC pathway.
Cost contingency modelling for construction projects: Insight from the literature

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

A review of cost contingency modelling in construction projects is presented to find the application areas and limitations of the existing models to pinpoint the further research gap. Three broader approaches of contingency modelling are found: 1) a data-intensive contingency prediction model without risk analysis, (2) contingency estimation following a knowledge-based risk assessment, and (3) contingency modelling integrated with risk management strategy. However, the existing models have a basic limitation such as the risks in contingency modelling were assumed to be independent. Ignoring the inter-relationships between the risks leads to inaccuracy in risk assessment, which subsequently leads to inaccuracy in contingency modelling. In response to this issue, an integrated fuzzy Bayesian belief networks model is potential for future research to develop a risk induced contingency model for complex projects.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE FUEL SPRAY STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF ITS FORMATION ON SURFACE COMBUSTION OF BIOFUELS IN DIESEL ENGINES

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The paper presents the results of the experimental investigation of the structure of the fuel, rapeseed oil and diesel fuel sprays obtained by analysing their optical density. The results are obtained by investigating a conventionally designed fuel supply system and a high-pressure common rail system. The experimental data on the velocity and length of fuel sprays are given. The study has shown that when high pressure fuel supply systems are used, the fuel spray is increased by about three times, while its area is increased up to 50% and homogeneity is also higher. As a result, selfignition delay time is reduced and the combustion process is intensified. The methods, taking into consideration the specific character of using the alternative types of fuel and high pressure systems, which have been tested in the experimental conditions, are suggested for calculating the time of self-ignition delay. The applied methods allow us to reduce the error of determining self-ignition delay time up to five percent. Based on the calculated data, the factors limiting the ignition of the sprayed fuel have been defined.
The Continuative Relative Clause in the Greek New Testament

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract A scrutiny of the literature on the continuative relative clause ( CRC ) in the Greek New Testament indicated that several of its characteristics are not discussed, or in need of further examination. Drawing on insights in general linguistics, as well as literature on the relative clause in modern languages, a number of characteristics of the CRC are discussed in this article. These include the CRC ’s characteristics as a member of the appositive group of relative clauses; the internal structure of the CRC ’s antecedent; the position of the CRC vis-à-vis its antecedent; the CRC ’s function to increase coherence within a sentence and paragraph; and the CRC ’s function to denote foreground in narrative discourse.
Impact of growth rate variabilities of quantum dots and capping layer on photoluminescence of epitaxially grown inAs quantum dots

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Self-assembled InAs quantum dot (QD) based heterostructures have been emerged as a potential candidate for optoelectronic device application over last decade due to the three dimensional carrier confinement. Here, we qualitatively demonstrate the effect of growth rate of both QD and capping layer on the photoluminescence (PL) result of MBE grown InAs/GaAs QD heterostructures. The investigated samples are having 2.7 monolayer (ML) near-surface InAs QDs. The InAs QDs in samples A and B are grown with growth rates of 0.2 and 0.1 ML/sec respectively, whereas growth rate of the GaAs capping layer is kept constant (0.62 μm/hr) in both samples. In sample C, QD and capping layer are grown at 0.2 ML/sec and 1.13 μm/hr, respectively. Sample B exhibited lower full-width half maximum of ground peak (36 nm) as compared to sample A (40 nm). This indicates better homogeneity in dot size distribution in sample B, which has a lower growth rate of QDs. Moreover, sample C with higher growth rate of capping layer showed red-shift in PL as compared to sample A. It can be inferred that the growth rate of capping layer affects the composition of QDs by suppressing In diffusion from QDs towards the capping layer. However, sample C showed decrement in PL intensity and it could be attributed to the dissolution of dots due to higher growth rate of capping layer. There is trade-off in optimization of growth rate variabilities of both QDs and capping layer.
Fabrication and Characterization of Acrylic Acid Treated Rattan Fiber Reinforced Polyethylene Terephthalate Composites for Packaging Industries

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In the present work, treated and untreated novel RA reinforced PET thermoplastic polymer composites were developed. The fibers were chemically modified before fabrication of the composites to have a better fiber-matrix bonding. Thermo-mechanical properties of the composites were studied. An enhancement in mechanical properties were found at the beginning phase with the increase in treated rattan fiber content till optimum fiber loading (i.e 20 wt%) thereafter the properties decline. At 20 wt% fiber loading the mechanical properties obtained were 67.89 MPa of tensile strength, 83.29 MPa of flexural strength, 3.98 GPa of young’s modulus, and 24.18 kJ/m2 of impact strength. Different properties of the composites were thoroughly studied and the composites fabricated at 20 wt% of fiber content reveals excellent mechanical and thermal properties and found very much suitable for packaging applications.
Relugolix is the first and currently only Orally-Administered GnRH Receptor Antagonist Approved for the treatment of Prostate Cancer:A Review

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Relugolix is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonist used in the treatment of several hormone-responsive conditions. It was first approved in Japan in 2019, under the brand name Relumina, for the symptomatic treatment of uterine fibroids, and more recently by the United States' FDA in 2020, under the brand name Orgovyx, for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Relugolix has also been studied in the symptomatic treatment of endometriosis. Relugolix is the first (and currently only) orally-administered GnRH receptor antagonist approved for the treatment of prostate cancer-similar therapies such as degarelix require subcutaneous administration-and therefore provides a less burdensome therapeutic option for patients who might otherwise require clinic visits for administration by healthcare professionals.In addition to its relative ease-of-use, relugolix was shown to be superior in the depression of testosterone levels when compared to leuprolide, another androgen deprivation therapy used in the treatment of prostate cancer1,2
Revolutionary Posturing: Iranian Writers and the Iranian Revolution of 1979

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

During those eventful days of early January 1979, after Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi of Iran had finally announced his intention to leave the country and the revolutionary leader Ayatollah Khomeini had made his return from exile contingent on the shah's departure, a hemistitch by Hafez, the 14th-century Persian poet, suddenly appeared next to an array of revolutionary slogans on display in the streets of Tehran: “Div cho birun ravad fereshteh dar āyad” (When the demon departs, the angel shall arrive). The basic binary oppositions of demon/angel and departure/arrival fit the realities of the situation the country had found itself in; a perfect correspondence had been made between the simple, single idea enshrined in the abstract language of a medieval poetic phrase and the intricate political posturing involved in a modern-day revolution in the making. Furthermore, the stark discourse of antagonism underlying the opposition had become as absolute, as uncompromising as the idea of a total revolution.
Bio-psychology review on Low Level Laser Therapy management to overcome the condition of elephantiasis in chronic filariasis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although lymphatic filariasis treatment programs have been implemented in Indonesia over the past decade, chronic impact of this disease in the form of elephantiasis remains a problem. This study aims to find a solution to reduce the volume of elephantiasis through innovation Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) and acupressure biopsychology. Quasi-experimental methods were used in this study with pre- and post-control designs. Subjects in this study were 20 chronic filariasis patients with lymphedema stage III. The control group was given standard treatment for lymphedema. The treatment group was given basic treatment standard plus LLLT on accupoin and bio psychological approach. The study was conducted in Bandung, Cimahi, and Karawang regencies, West Java, Indonesia. The results showed that the mean decrease of lymphedema volume in the group of 823,89 ± 588.14 ml was significantly different with the control group (p = 0,001). Methods of administration of LLLT and acupressure biopsychology may be considered to be developed as a a complement therapy of chronic filariasis management.
The Challenge of Cultural Explanations and Religious Requirements for Children with Autistic Spectrum Conditions: South Asian Muslim Parents in Bradford, England

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The development in Bradford, England, of specific training materials for parents from Muslim communities of Pakistani origin caring for children with autistic spectrum conditions is outlined, with particular emphasis on challenges arising from non-scientific 'religious' explanations for children's conditions and from parents feelings of obligation to ensure that children meet religious requirements. Relevant literature is reviewed and parents' responses to materials reported and discussed. It is suggested that such parents will benefit from opportunities to explore cultural ideas about causality with each other and with informed and non-judgmental professionals and to share concerns around matters such as washing and prayer.
Soybean maize strip intercropping: A solution for maintaining food security in China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The practice of intercropping leguminous and gramine for promoting sustainable agriculture, optimizing resource utilization, enhancing biodiversity, and reducing reliance on petroleum products. However, promoting conventional intercropping strategies in modern agriculture can prove challenging. The innovative technology of soybean maize strip intercropping (SMSI) has been proposed as a solution. It has produced remarkable results in improving domestic soybean and maize production for both food security and sustainable agriculture. In this article, we will provide an overview of SMSI and explain how it differs from traditional intercropping. We will also discuss the core principles that foster higher yields and the prospects for its future development.1
Equity and Justice: Psyche of Enrollment and Examination Reform——Reflections on the Thirty-year Reform of NCEE in Yunnan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The National College Entrance Examination(NCEE) reveals the social equity and justice in a harmonious society,and its reform and development are the concern of the common people.This paper gives a review of the special course of Yunnan NCEE in the past 30 years and its new trends for reform in the new era,which can shed some light on realizing the social equity and justice as well as the harmonious development of all the ethnic groups in Yunnan Province.
Control of rheumatic fever: how are we doing

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The American Heart Association has recently published updated recommendations for the prevention of acute rheumatic fever.1These recommendations are essentially the same as those first published 24 years ago2; the major differences are a consequence of the development of injectable penicillin G benzathine and of erythromycin, and the demonstration that group A streptococci frequently exhibit resistance to the tetracyclines. The similarities indicate that there have been very few changes in our approach to the control of rheumatic heart disease since it was first shown that acute rheumatic fever can be averted by appropriate treatment of the inciting streptococcal infection and that recurrent rheumatic fever can be prevented by continuous prophylaxis. We still do not know how to predict among those with streptococcal infections who are at risk for rheumatic fever, how to distinguish streptococcal carriers from those with actual infection except in retrospect, or exactly how theStreptococcus
Low dietary calcium is associated with self-rated depression in middle-aged Korean women

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It is thought that calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) may be related to mental disorders such as depression; however, there have been few studies investigating the association between Ca and Mg nutrition status with depression in middle-aged female adults. Study subjects in this study included 105 women between the ages of 41 and 57 years. The subjects were divided into three groups according to the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) score: Group I (SDS score < 33 percentile; n = 32), Group II (33 percentile ≤ SDS score < 67 percentile; n = 37), and Group III (67 percentile ≤ SDS score; n = 36). Anthropometric measurements, dietary intake survey using 3-day dietary records, SDS questionnaire and measurement of serum Ca and Mg were obtained and analyzed. No differences were observed in Ca, plant Ca, and Mg intake among the three groups. However, animal Ca intake by Group III was 141.3 mg, which was significantly lower than 207.6 mg by Group I and 198.3 mg by Group II (P = 0.0345). There were no significant differences in serum levels of Ca, and Mg among the three groups. Correlation analysis indicated that the SDS score had negative correlations with Ca intake (r = -0.2927, P < 0.01) and animal Ca (r = -0.3411, P < 0.001) after adjusting for age, menopause and energy intake. In conclusion, dietary Ca and animal Ca had negative associations with SDS score among middle-aged Korean female adults. Additional analysis of factors related to the association of calcium and magnesium nutritional status and depression is necessary.
Substantial genome synteny preservation among woody angiosperm species: comparative genomics of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) and plant reference genomes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) has emerged as a model species for the Fagaceae family with extensive genomic resources including a physical map, a dense genetic map and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for chestnut blight resistance. These resources enable comparative genomics analyses relative to model plants. We assessed the degree of conservation between the chestnut genome and other well annotated and assembled plant genomic sequences, focusing on the QTL regions of most interest to the chestnut breeding community. Results The integrated physical and genetic map of Chinese chestnut has been improved to now include 858 shared sequence-based markers. The utility of the integrated map has also been improved through the addition of 42,970 BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome) end sequences spanning over 26 million bases of the estimated 800 Mb chestnut genome. Synteny between chestnut and ten model plant species was conducted on a macro-syntenic scale using sequences from both individual probes and BAC end sequences across the chestnut physical map. Blocks of synteny with chestnut were found in all ten reference species, with the percent of the chestnut physical map that could be aligned ranging from 10 to 39 %. The integrated genetic and physical map was utilized to identify BACs that spanned the three previously identified QTL regions conferring blight resistance. The clones were pooled and sequenced, yielding 396 sequence scaffolds covering 13.9 Mbp. Comparative genomic analysis on a microsytenic scale, using the QTL-associated genomic sequence, identified synteny from chestnut to other plant genomes ranging from 5.4 to 12.9 % of the genome sequences aligning. Conclusions On both the macro- and micro-synteny levels, the peach, grape and poplar genomes were found to be the most structurally conserved with chestnut. Interestingly, these results did not strictly follow the expectation that decreased phylogenetic distance would correspond to increased levels of genome preservation, but rather suggest the additional influence of life-history traits on preservation of synteny. The regions of synteny that were detected provide an important tool for defining and cataloging genes in the QTL regions for advancing chestnut blight resistance research.
CML tools and information flow in atomic scale simulations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

High-throughput computation of molecules and crystals is supported through an XML infrastructure based on Chemical Markup Language (CML). Tools have been developed for the automatic creation of job input and the extraction of structured XML information from the output. The approach is generic and supports several languages (Java, C++, Python, FORTRAN) so that “black-box” modules can be created.
A novel mutation in the ALS2 gene in an iranian kurdish family with juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare disorder that affects both upper and lower motor neurons. Mutations in Alsin Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor (ALS2) correlates with three similar but distinctive syndromes, including the juvenile form of ALS. An Iranian Kurdish family was involved in this study and all members were evaluated with relevant clinical guidelines. Whole exome sequencing and sanger sequencing were applied to all family members to undermine the possible genetic factors. A substitution c. 2110 C>T (p. Arg704X) identified in the ALS2 gene. Bioinformatics analysis indicated the mutation is located in the well-conserved and functional domain of the protein. This study recognized a novel mutation in the ALS2 gene in a proband with the juvenile form of ALS. To our knowledge, this is the first identified ALS2 mutation among the Iranian population.