jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Combined multiscale segmentation convolutional neural network for rapid damage mapping from postearthquake very high-resolution images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Classifying land use from postearthquake very high-resolution (VHR) images is challenging due to the complexity of objects in Earth surface after an earthquake. Convolutional neural network (CNN) exhibits satisfied performance in differentiating complex postearthquake objects, thanks to its automatic extraction of high-level features and accurate identification of target geo-objects. Nevertheless, in view of the scale variance of natural objects, the fact that CNN suffers from the fixed receptive field, the reduced feature resolution, and the insufficient training sample has severely contributed to its limitation in the rapid damage mapping. Multiscale segmentation technique is considered as a promising solution as it can generate the homogenous regions and provide the boundary information. Therefore, we propose a combined multiscale segmentation convolutional neural network (CMSCNN) method for postearthquake VHR image classification. First, multiscale training samples are selected based on segments derived from the multiscale segmentation. Then, CNN is directly trained to classify the original image to further produce the preliminary classification maps. To enhance the localization accuracy, the output of CNN is further refined using multiscale segmentations from fine to coarse iteratively to obtain the multiscale classification maps. As a result, the combination strategy is able to capture objects and image context simultaneously. Experimental results show that the proposed CMSCNN method can reflect the multiscale information of complex scenes and obtain satisfied classification results for mapping postearthquake damage using VHR remote sensing images.
Uncoupling the Impact on Relapses and Disability Progression: Siponimod in Relapsing and Non-relapsing Patients With Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis in the Phase III EXPAND Study (S8.005)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Using multiple statistical methods, we aimed at assessing the impact of siponimod on disability progression in non-relapsing SPMS patients and at uncoupling the treatment effect on disability progression from the effect of relapses.
FEA of Remaining Velocity of Cylindrical Projectile Penetrating Target

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to study the remaining velocity of projectile penetrating target to improve the precision of battle damage simulation,a series of simulation experiments of cylindrical projectile penetrating low-carbon target under various velocity of projectile,thickness of target and angle of attack were carried out by orthogonal experimental design method and LS-DYNA.The effect of each correlative factor was sorted by ANOVA of experimental condition parameters and result data.The THOR formula was modified by experimental data and the reciprocal equation was brought forth.
From things to thinking: Cognitive archaeology

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Cognitive archaeologists infer from material remains to the cognitive features of past societies. We characterize cognitive archaeology in terms of trace‐based reasoning, which in the case of cognitive archaeology involves inferences drawing upon background theory linking objects from the archaeological record to cognitive (including psychological, symbolic, and ideological) features. We analyse such practices, examining work on cognitive evolution, language, and musicality. We argue that the central epistemic challenge for cognitive archaeology is often not a paucity of material remains, but insufficient constraint from cognitive theories. However, we also argue that the success of cognitive archaeology does not necessarily require well‐developed cognitive theories: Success might instead lead to them.
Reclaiming the Human Self: Redemptive Suffering and Spiritual Service in the Works of James Baldwin

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

James Arthur Baldwin argues that the issue of humanity—what it means to be human and whether or not all people bear the same measure of human worth—supersedes all issues, including socially popular ones such as race and religion. As a former child preacher, Baldwin claims, like others shaped by both the African-American faith tradition and Judeo-Christianity, that human equality stands as a divinely mandated and philosophically sound concept. As a literary artist and social commentator, Baldwin argues that truth in any narrative text, whether fictional or non-fictional, lies in its embrace or rejection of human equality. Truth-telling narrative texts uphold human equality; false-witnessing texts do not. Baldwin shows in four of his novels the prevalence of the latter narrative type. Within the fictional societies of Go Tell It on the Mountain (1953), Giovanni’s Room (1956), If Beale Street Could Talk (1974), and Just Above My Head (1979), Baldwin reveals how society’s powerful bear false witness against the marginalized through stereotyping social narratives. However, Baldwin uses his novels to show the humanity of the marginalized. In so doing, he connects his works, as well as the works of contemporary black literary artists, to the concept of Christian spirituality.
Comparison of the Results of BAL and ETA Culture in Intubated COVID-19 Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The isolation of pathogens using bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) culture or endotracheal aspirate (ETA) culture may enhance the treatment success for secondary pneumonia due to COVID-19, thereby reducing the risk of morbidity and mortality. Aim: This study aimed to retrospectively analyze the results of BAL and ETA cultures in intubated COVID-19 patients and to determine whether BAL has an advantage over ETA. Methods: We routinely perform BAL culture via bronchoscopy or ETA culture within the first 48 h after intubation. We retrospectively reviewed cases that underwent BAL and ETA. The patients were divided into two groups: Group B (BAL) and Group E (ETA). Various parameters were evaluated and compared between the two groups. Results: The demographic data and blood test results were similar between the two groups. However, ICU stay, duration of intubation, and culture positivity were significantly higher in Group B. Although not statistically significant, the mortality rate was higher in Group E. The most commonly isolated microorganisms were Candida species. Conclusion: The observed mortality rates were consistent with the existing literature. Since the microorganism isolation rate is higher with BAL, leading to more effective antimicrobial treatment, early deaths were prevented, and ICU stay durations were prolonged. Conversely, these durations were shorter in the ETA group due to higher mortality. In intubated COVID-19 patients, a more effective treatment process can be achieved by clearing the airway with fiberoptic bronchoscopy and tailoring the treatment based on BAL culture results. This approach may positively impact prognosis and mortality rates.
Mechanistic Insights into Selective Autophagy Subtypes in Alzheimer’s Disease

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Eukaryotic cells possess a plethora of regulatory mechanisms to maintain homeostasis and ensure proper biochemical functionality. Autophagy, a central, conserved self-consuming process of the cell, ensures the timely degradation of damaged cellular components. Several studies have demonstrated the important roles of autophagy activation in mitigating neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, surprisingly, activation of macroautophagy has not shown clinical efficacy. Hence, alternative strategies are urgently needed for AD therapy. In recent years, selective autophagy has been reported to be involved in AD pathology, and different subtypes have been identified, such as aggrephagy, mitophagy, reticulophagy, lipophagy, pexophagy, nucleophagy, lysophagy and ribophagy. By clarifying the underlying mechanisms governing these various subtypes, we may come to understand how to control autophagy to treat AD. In this review, we summarize the latest findings concerning the role of selective autophagy in the pathogenesis of AD. The evidence overwhelmingly suggests that selective autophagy is an active mechanism in AD pathology, and that regulating selective autophagy would be an effective strategy for controlling this pathogenesis.
Only Females Oviposit: Chemical Discrimination of Adult Stink Bug Sex by the Egg Parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Egg parasitoids foraging for suitable hosts scattered in the environment rely mainly on chemical cues. Elucidating the chemical ecology of natural enemies is important in the development of effective and successful strategies for conservation biological control. In this context, the host cuticular hydrocarbons, which are exploited by several species of egg parasitoids as contact kairomones, could be used to retain them by providing information about the presence and the sex of adults of the target species: sex is important because only females of the host species lay the eggs that can be subsequently utilized for parasitoid reproduction. However, the chemical basis of host sex discrimination in egg parasitoids is not well understood. We carried out behavioral and chemical bioassays to investigate the role played by contact chemical cues left by adults of the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys Stål, in host egg searching behavior and adult host sex discrimination by the egg parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead). A first set of bioassays showed that parasitoids spent more time exploring patches contaminated with chemicals associated with adult H. halys females compared with adult males. Similar responses were displayed by T. japonicus when hexane extracts of H. halys were tested suggesting that non-polar chemical compounds are involved in host sex discrimination. GC-MS analysis of hexane extracts revealed quantitative differences in the cuticular compounds of the two sexes, with 1-hexadecene (more abundant in males) being the most important component in determining these differences. Hexane extracts of H. halys females blended with synthetic 1-hexadecene significantly reduced the wasps’ arrestment responses compared to crude extracts.
Thermal and Nonthermal Interpretations of Flare X-Ray Bursts

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Various authors have presented arguments for either the thermal or the nonthermal interpretations of impulsive E > 20 KeV X-ray bursts and slowly varying E < 10 keV X-ray bursts. In this review the arguments for and against the prevailing opinion that the impulsive bursts are nonthermal and the slowly varying bursts are thermal are presented. For the impulsive bursts we discuss the spectra, electron mean free paths, center-to-limb distributions of both the numbers of events and spectra of events, and polarization data as relevant criteria. For the slowly varying events we discuss electron self collision times, distribution of X-ray temporal parameters, associated gradual rise and fall radio bursts, spectral and time profiles of special events and center-to-limb distributions of numbers of events as the relevant criteria.
Triflic Acid Controlled Successive Anellation of Aromatic Sulfonamides: An Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of N‐Sulfonyl Pyrroles, Indoles and Carbazoles.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Dorothy Whitelock, Rosamond McKitterick & David Dumville (eds): Ireland in Early Medieval Europe: studies in memory of Kathleen Hughes. Cambridge: University Press, 1982. 416 pp., 17 pls. £39.00.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Dorothy Whitelock, Rosamond McKitterick & David Dumville (eds): Ireland in Early Medieval Europe: studies in memory of Kathleen Hughes. Cambridge: University Press, 1982. 416 pp., 17 pls. £39.00. - Volume 57 Issue 221
Direct-current Shock in Treatment of Drug-resistant Cardiac Arrhythmias

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ment of ventricular fibrillation at the time of cardiac operations, and has proved successful at other times (McDonald et al., 1963). Lown et al. (1962b) have described the use of directcurrent shock both experimentally and in the treatment of patients with atrial and ventricular arrhythmias (Lown et al., 1962a). The use of direct current enables the shock to be applied at a precise moment in the cardiac cycle, since the charge is activated by the R wave of the electrocardiogram and timed to occur synchronously with it. Thus undesirable-effects such as ventricular fibrillation are avoided ; ventricular fibrillation may theoretically occur if the shock enters the cardiac cycle during the phase of ventricular repolarization. Lown's cardioverter,l the unit that was used in this work, consists of a capacitor of 16 microfarads which is charged by a variable D.C. transformer and discharges over 2.5 milliseconds across an inductance coil, and the resistance of the body, to give an underdamped impulse.
New generation MOS controlled power devices and their applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Power integrated circuits and devices are at the heart of many system applications ranging from more or less conventional analog circuits operated at non-standard voltage levels to complex systems composed of parallel arrangements of multi-layer devices such as MOSFETs, bipolar transistors and thyristor devices. Driven by the rapid advances in device technology and the demands for new, more efficient electronic systems, new generations of MOS controlled power devices are entering the market place. This is true even for very high voltage applications, where the once secure position of the Gate-Turn-Off Thyristor (GTO) is being challenged today by new MOS-controlled switch elements such as the Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT).
Moving from the design of usable security technologies to the design of useful secure applications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recent results from usability studies of security systems have shown that end-users find them difficult to adopt and use. In this paper we argue that improving the usability of security technology is only one part of the problem, and that what is missed is the need to design usable and useful systems that provide security to end-users in terms of the applications that they use and the tasks they want to achieve. We propose alternate ways of building and integrating security technologies into applications and usability methods for evaluating how successful our prototypes are. We believe that the end results of designing usable and useful (from the end-user perspective) systems will be secure applications which will reflect the needs of users who are increasingly using computers away from the office and in a wider variety of networked configurations.
Long non‑coding RNA NBAT1 inhibits the progression of glioma through the miR‑21/SOX7 axis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Glioma is one of the most prevalent types of malignancy in the central nervous system worldwide, and the prognosis of patients with late stage glioma remains poor. Thus, the development of promising therapeutic strategies against glioma is essential. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are functional RNA molecules involved in the initiation and progression of tumors, including glioma. Investigation on the regulatory roles of lncRNAs may facilitate the development of effective treatments. lncRNA NBAT1 is associated with the growth and metastasis of cancer; however, its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of NBAT1 in glioma. The expression levels of NBAT1, microRNA (miRNA/miR)-21 and SOX7 in patients with glioma, and healthy donors using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis. Human glioma cells (A172 and AM138) and normal astrocytes were used to establish the NBAT1-knockdown and overexpression models. Cell Counting Kit-8 and Transwell assays were performed to determine whether NBAT1 exerted effects on cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The results demonstrated that NBAT1 expression decreased in glioma tissues compared to normal samples. Additionally, downregulation of NBAT1 was detected in human glioma cells compared with normal astrocytes. Overexpression of NBAT1 inhibited glioma cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In addition, miR-21 was identified as a potential target of NBAT1, and the effects of miR-21-induced cell proliferation and metastasis were reversed following overexpression of NBAT1. Furthermore, SOX7 was predicted as the potential target of miR-21, and its expression was upregulated in glioma cells by overexpression of NBAT1 compared with the vehicle only control. Taken together, the results of the present study provide novel insight into the functions of NBAT1 in glioma, suggesting that the NBAT1/miR-21/SOX7 axis may act as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with glioma.
Delamination Induced Buckling in Orthotropic Plate Structures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Delamination in composite laminates can cause buckling of the debonded layer; the subsequent delamination cracking can in turn be buckle-driven. To aid the failure analysis of composite structures, this article presents a critical review of analytic solutions for buckling of rectangular, orthotropic thin plates. Considered are plates with all edges simply supported, two edges simply supported/two edges clamped, and all edges clamped. The material orthotropy is characterized by two non-dimensional parameters, λ = D22/D11 and η=(D12+2D66)/D11D22. Systematic comparisons with finite element results are made for the critical buckling load of a plate under in-plane uniaxial compression. It is found that for plates with all edges clamped, the analytic solution for critical buckling load is neither accurate nor conservative. Buckling of orthotropic plates with other boundary conditions is briefly discussed.
Exact order reduction method in mode conversion problems

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Exact Order Reduction method solves the fourth-order system of equations from the Vlasov equations that describe mode conversion by breaking the solution into two steps. The first step is to find the numerical solutions of a pair of second-order equations for the fast waves and slow waves, respectively. The second step uses an associated integral equation to obtain the coupling between the fast and slow waves. The method makes virtually no approximations except that it keeps only the lowest nontrivial order terms in the Larmor radius expansion.
Safety issues with dental materials and its toxicological aspects - An overlooked archetype

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Dental materials are categorized as class 2 medical devices associated with moderate risk according to US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA). The aim of dental pharmacology is to understand the scientific aspects of how drugs and dental materials work within body systems. The different materials used in dentistry have their own beneficial as well as adverse effects. In order to make sure the biocompatibility of any material that is used in dentistry there is an organization named International Academy of Oral Medicine and Toxicology (IAOMT) that focuses mainly on making dental practice more biologically acceptable. Depending upon the duration of application, dental materials are classified as, temporary and permanent materials. It could be associated with mild, moderate or severe adverse events that should be reported as per regulatory requirement and materiovigilance. In order to prevent or overcome the toxic effects of these materials or drugs used in dentistry we need to focus more on “Biological dentistry” where in the well-being of the mouth is considered as an integral part of the health of the whole person.
THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIFICATIONS OF WEEKLY TRAINING CYCLES AS COMPARED TO THE TRAINING STAGES OF A LONG JUMPER

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Training Objectives for a long jumper are represented, on the one hand, by the activities of learning and perfecting the techniques of the jump and, on the other hand, by activities meant to develop the motric capacity. The effort characteristic to long jumps is an intense one; it takes time and requires constant improvement of the motric capacities, and is essential for attaining the high performances. The Present research intends to validate the hypothesis thus formulated: if we plan the training that aims at the preparation stages, that precedes the competition, as well as those occurring during and after competitions or the recuperation, for the long jump competition, then we have to take into consideration the technical and method particularities in order to choose the right means and dosage of effort during the training that has to be different between the weekly training cycles. These aspects are essential between the weekly training cycles for each stage. The present research aims at the Olympic cycle, of 4 years, period in which we registered all the training means used during each stage, taking into consideration the volume of training as well as the intensity of the effort. The Methods used for the research in the scientific endeavour of this research were the following: the bibliographic method, the making of a record, the analysis and the comparison of data, as well as the statistical method. The research has at its basis the documents according to which the activity of a long jumper was planned (the author of the research) who had high results in the world classifications of this competition (7.14 m). The General Discution and Conclusion of the present research underlines the fact that the training weekly cycles differ according to the preparatory stages, as to the diversity of the used means during the training course as well as from the point of view of the training effort whose indicators are different, in accordance to the demands and objectives of that particular stage. Domain experts have demonstrated the effort means and indicators whose parameters are differentiated according to the requirements and objectives of each stage and presents structures, periodizations and training cycles as well as action technologies in applying the weekly cycles whose principles can be perfectly applied to the conclusions of the paper herewith.