jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Efficient Data Processing from Network Camera and its Application

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With growth of the Internet, vast amounts of visual data are being produced. These data are from mobile phones, laptops and digital cameras. Moreover, network cameras are deployed for various purposes such as surveillance, traffic monitoring, and sightseeing. The visual data contains valuable information. However, without processing, the information will be lost. Analyzing large-scale visual data requires significant amounts of computing resources and costs. One of the solutions is cloud computing. However, it may still be expensive when processing the data. Some cloud vendors (such as Amazon) introduce spot instances that use spare instances with dynamic pricing. The spot instances offer the same performance as on-demand instances but spot instances may be terminated at short notice. As a result, processing programs may not finish when using spot instances. This dissertation introduces a large-scale image processing system that utilizes spot instances to reduce computing cost. This system uses a check-pointing method to store progress so that processing can resume later if the spot instances are terminated. One of the possible applications that utilize deployed network cameras is improving public safety. Although the cameras are not deployed for surveillance purposes, the cameras can be utilized to increase public safety by properly integrating to currunt surveillance systems. Suspicious activities may be monitored in real-time and coverage can be increased along with the closed-circuit televisions (CCTV) deployed by law enforcement. Integrating public cameras into a surveillance system has many challenges such as inaccurate locations, diverse sources, and different methods to access the visual data. This dissertation presents how to discover public cameras from hetrogeneous sources and find the accurate locations and orientations of the cameras.
The Taylor-Spence Drive theory on a competitive versus noncompetitive paired-associate learning task

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The Taylor-Spence Drive (D) theory was investigated by comparing performance of high anxiety (HA), medium anxiety (MA) and low anxiety (LA) Ss, as measured by the Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, on the test list of both a response-equivalence paradigm (A-B, A-C) and a control paradigm (D-B, A-C). The Ss were 60 grade six boys. The paired-associate learning tasks were designed to detect the debilitating effects of associative-stage competition in the experimental group for HA, MA and LA Ss respectively. A two (experimental conditions) by three (anxiety levels) by six (repeated trials) analysis of variance was performed on the data. There is a significant difference in performance between experimental and control groups on the test list (A-C), p < .0005. There are several trends favourable to the Taylor-Spence D theory but chance factors could have been involved since none of the hypotheses generated from the theory reached the .05 significance level. The first favourable trend is that HA and MA Ss' performance tends to be superior to LA Ss' in the control group on the test list (A-C). Also, HA Ss' performance is inferior to LA Ss' in the experimental group on the test list (A-C) giving support to the interaction hypothesis.
The Relationships Between Leisure Satisfaction, Job Performance, and Life Satisfaction: A Sample of Private Sector Employees in Turkey

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study aimed to describe the relationships between leisure satisfaction, job performance, and life satisfaction among private-sector employees. The study sample consisted of 347 employees, 158 males, and 189 females, working in a private company in Istanbul. The participants were selected using a purposeful sampling method. The data collection tools included the “Leisure Satisfaction Scale”; the &quot;Job Performance Scale&quot;, and &quot;Life Satisfaction Scale&quot;. The data were analyzed using independent t-test, ANOVA, MANOVA, and Pearson Correlation analysis. The analysis results showed no significant difference between the Life-SS and Leisure-SS scores by gender, but there was a difference in the JPS scores. No significant difference was measured in any scales by marital status. There was a significant statistically meaningful difference between the Life-SS and JPS scores by working types, but no difference in the Leisure-SS scores. There was a difference between the Life-SS and JPS scores; the difference in the Leisure-SS scores was not significant. There was a positive and low-level relationship between JPS and Life-SS. Similarly, a positive and low-level relationship was found between the &quot;Psychological,&quot; &quot;Educational&quot; and &quot;Social&quot; sub-dimensions of Leisure-SS and Life-SS. However, there was no relationship between the sub-dimensions of JPS and Leisure-SS. In conclusion, there were meaningful differences in all scale scores by specific socio-demographic characteristics; there was a positive correlation between the &quot;Psychological,&quot; &quot;Educational&quot; and &quot;Social&quot; sub-dimensions of Leisure-SS and the Life-SS, and that there was no relationship between Leisure-SS, Life-SS, and JPS. As a result, it can be said that as individuals&#039; job performance and leisure time satisfaction increase, their life satisfaction also increases.
[Hemodynamic Management of a Patient at Risk for Stroke Using Regional Cerebral Oxygen Saturation Monitoring and an Arterial Pressure-based Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume Measuring System].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An 88-year-old man, 155 cm in height and 45 kg in weight, was scheduled for total stomach extirpation. Partial cerebral infarction and cerebral arterial stenosis were diagnosed 20 days before the operation. The patient's mean arterial pressure was 80 mmHg. Regional brain 0₂ saturation (rSO₂) obtained via non- invasive monitoring using the INVOS™ system was above 65% on both sides, and these were used as con- trol values before anesthesia induction. Anesthesia was induced with propofol 50 mg and rocuronium 40 mg intravenously after thoracic epidural catheter placement. Throughout the operation, mean blood pressure was over 70% of the control value. Stroke volume variation (SVV) was tracked during the operation by arterial pressure-based continuous cardiac output monitoring (FloTrac™); SVV values under 13 were maintained using vasopressors and fluid loading. The rS0₂ levels were consistently above control values on both sides. The operation was completed as a gas- tric-bypass surgery and the patient was discharged from the hospital without complications. Using the INVOS™ and FloTraTM systems to maintain mean pressure over 70% of the control value may have prevented a new cerebral ischemic event This potentially useful application of the INVOS™ and FloTrac™ systems should be validated in future stud- ies.
REFLECTION MODE ORGANIC PHOTOCONDUCTORLIQUID CRYSTAL LIGHT VALVE

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper d.c. reflection mode liquid crystal light valves (LCLV) made from thin films of polyvinylcarbazole-2, 4, 7-trinitrofluorenone(PVK-TNF) charge transfer complex and chiral nematie-nematic phase transition liquid crystal coupled with a MgF2/ZnS dielectric reflecting interlayer and their light valve characteristics are described, including the dependence of the threshold voltage and the response time on input light intensity and the temperature.The above LCLVs show good light valve effect, which can be used to perform the real-time image conversion from noncoherent to coherent light and also for image storing. Clear projected large area image can be observed.
Scattering of torsional waves in circular rods from diameter discontinuities

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We have studied the propagation and scattering of torsional waves in circular rods with a free surface where the rod diameter is subject to abrupt diameter changes. We applied a mode expansion technique involving propagating and cut-off modes to obtain numerical results for a range of parameter values in the single-step case. The calculated results were compared with simplified models valid in the high and low frequency regions, respectively. We discuss how the results depend on the number of modes used in the expansion. The calculations show that higher radial modes have strong influence at higher frequencies. In particular, near the cut-off frequencies both amplitude and phase responses are strongly influenced. We have found that in order to obtain an accuracy that is sufficient for typical use, all propagating modes plus a few cut-off modes should be included in the calculations. We have also calculated the transmission for a two-step device constructed in analogy with quarter-wavelength transformers well known from bulk wave propagation. Simulations show that this device is expected to perform well for low frequencies, whereas the response deteriorates for higher frequencies when several propagating modes occur in the device.
Hamstrings Dysfunction in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy: Can Muscle Modeling Provide Meaningful Information about Ambulatory Mobility?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background/Purpose: Judging muscle functioning is vital when treating patients with spastic cerebral palsy [SCP]. Yet, in particular the role of biarticular muscles like the medial hamstrings is subject of controversy. By using motion capturing and musculoskeletal models, muscle-tendon length can be estimated. This approach was recently proposed for indicating soft-tissue surgeries or neurosurgeries. We tested the relationship between clinical scales of hamstrings dysfunction, muscle modeling data, and mobility.
Improving Classification Model for Potato Leaf Disease Detection Process Using Deep Learning-Based MobileNet Architecture

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Agriculture is the backbone of the global economy for the world's growing population. As a source of carbohydrates and essential nutrients, potatoes play a crucial role in the global food supply. However, potato farmers often face challenges, namely potato leaf disease, which can damage crop yields and plant quality. Detection of potato leaf disease is essential, but this is a complex matter due to several factors, including varying disease symptoms, varying levels of infection, and environmental factors that can influence disease development. Due to this, the research considers an objective approach for potato leaf disease detection using deep learning technology, especially MobileNet. The flow of this research includes data collection, data pre-processing, model building, model training and testing, and model evaluation. The model will be designed for efficiency in image processing with transfer learning and fine-tuning. Experiments were carried out by trying variations of optimization algorithms, types of surgery, and dropout rates to measure the accuracy of disease detection. The experiment results show that using the Adam algorithm, 2D Global Average Pooling operation type, and dropout 0.2 produces the highest accuracy of 99.26%. The research supports farmers in detecting potato leaf diseases more effectively so prevention and control measures can be taken more quickly and precisely.
NEUROEDUCATION: HOW THE STUDENT'S BRAIN WORKS AND HOW TO USE IT IN TEACHING

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Neuroeducation is an interdisciplinary field combining neuroscience, psychology, and pedagogy to better understand how students learn and how educators can adapt their methods to align with brain function. This paper investigates the neural mechanisms underlying learning and memory, focusing on brain plasticity, attention, emotional regulation, and sleep.
Effects of Biochar Application on Soil Ecosystem Functions

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Due to its stable property,biochar can be stored in soils for a long time.The application of biochar also affects terrestrial ecosystem functions by altering soil physio-chemical properties(e.g.increasing soil pH,organic carbon content,and cation exchange capacity),boosting growth of fungi and nitrogen fixation microbes,improving fertility and plant productivity,immobilizing or Absorbing pollutants,and offsetting emission of greenhouse gases(CO2,N2O,CH4).Recent advances in these regards are reviewed.
Efficient identification, localization and quantification of grapevine inflorescences in unprepared field images using Fully Convolutional Networks

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Yield and its prediction is one of the most important tasks in grapevine breeding purposes and vineyard management. Commonly, this trait is estimated manually right before harvest by extrapolation, which mostly is labor-intensive, destructive and inaccurate. In the present study an automated image-based workflow was developed quantifying inflorescences and single flowers in unprepared field images of grapevines, i.e. no artificial background or light was applied. It is a novel approach for non-invasive, inexpensive and objective phenotyping with high-throughput. First, image regions depicting inflorescences were identified and localized. This was done by segmenting the images into the classes "inflorescence" and "non-inflorescence" using a Fully Convolutional Network (FCN). Efficient image segmentation hereby is the most challenging step regarding the small geometry and dense distribution of flowers (several hundred flowers per inflorescence), similar color of all plant organs in the fore- and background as well as the circumstance that only approximately 5% of an image show inflorescences. The trained FCN achieved a mean Intersection Over Union (IOU) of 87.6% on the test data set. Finally, individual flowers were extracted from the "inflorescence"-areas using Circular Hough Transform. The flower extraction achieved a recall of 80.3% and a precision of 70.7% using the segmentation derived by the trained FCN model. Summarized, the presented approach is a promising strategy in order to predict yield potential automatically in the earliest stage of grapevine development which is applicable for objective monitoring and evaluations of breeding material, genetic repositories or commercial vineyards.
Global Regulation of a Class of Uncertain Nonlinear Systems by Switching Adaptive Controller

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

There are several results on the stabilization or regulation of nonlinear systems with either triangular or feedforward nonlinearity. However, the existing results are applicable to their considered systems when the nonlinearity structure is known a priori. In this technical note, we propose a switching adaptive controller which tunes the dynamic gain depending on the nonlinearity structure. Thus, as a benefit over the existing results, the structural information on the nonlinearity is not needed. Although the linear growth condition is assumed, the rate of growth is unknown and arbitrary large with our control scheme.
Effect of vertex-removal on game total domination numbers

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The total domination game is played on a graph [Formula: see text] by two players, named Dominator and Staller. They alternately select vertices of [Formula: see text]; each chosen vertex totally dominates its neighbors. In this game, each chosen vertex must totally dominates at least one new vertex not totally dominated before. The game ends when all vertices in [Formula: see text] are totally dominated. Dominator’s goal is to finish the game as soon as possible, and Staller’s goal is to prolong it as much as possible. The game total domination number is the number of chosen vertices when both players play optimally, denoted by [Formula: see text] when Dominator starts the game and denoted by [Formula: see text] when Staller starts the game. In this paper, we show that for any graph [Formula: see text] and a vertex [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] has no isolated vertex, we have [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Moreover, all such differences can be realized by some connected graphs.
Materials Data on MnFe4 by Materials Project

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

MnFe4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Fmmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Mn is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Fe atoms. All Mn–Fe bond lengths are 2.44 Å. There are two inequivalent Fe sites. In the first Fe site, Fe is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Mn and two equivalent Fe atoms. Both Fe–Fe bond lengths are 2.46 Å. In the second Fe site, Fe is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to eight Fe atoms. There are four shorter (2.44 Å) and two longer (2.46 Å) Fe–Fe bond lengths.
Optimization of Smart-Mini-Grids Operation Modes Based on Modified Particle Swarm Optimization Method

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The problem of operational control of local electric power systems based on renewable energy sources is considered. The peculiarities of this class of systems as control objects are investigated. A complex criterion for optimization of Smart-Mini-Grids operation modes is proposed, providing minimum losses of electric energy and the least expenditure of conditional fuel or other energy carrier of economic importance. A modified algorithm of particle swarm optimization for optimization of local electric power systems at observance of balance of generated and consumed active and reactive powers is developed. The expediency of joint use of the particle swarm optimization method and the deterministic Fletcher-Reeves optimization algorithm is substantiated.
Duodenal pH in health and duodenal ulcer disease: effect of a meal, Coca-Cola, smoking, and cimetidine.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Intraluminal duodenal pH was recorded using a combined miniature electrode and logged digitally every 10 or 20 seconds for five hours (basal/meal/drink) in eight control subjects and 11 patients with duodenal ulcer (five on and off treatment with cimetidine). Over the whole test there were no significant differences in duodenal mean pH or log mean hydrogen ion activity (LMHa) between control subjects and patients with duodenal ulcer, but there were significantly longer periods of duodenal acidification (pH less than 4) and paradoxically more periods of duodenal alkalinisation (pH greater than 6) in the duodenal ulcer group compared with controls. After a meal duodenal mean pH and LMHa fell significantly in both controls and patients with duodenal ulcer, with more periods of duodenal acidification and alkalinisation in the duodenal ulcer group. An exogenous acid load (Coca-Cola) significantly increased the periods of duodenal acidification, and reduced alkalinisation, in both groups. Cimetidine significantly increased mean pH and LMHa and abolished the brief spikes of acidification in four of five patients with duodenal ulcer. Peak acid output (but not basal acid output) was significantly correlated with duodenal mean pH and LMHa but not with the periods of duodenal acidification. Smoking did not affect duodenal pH in either group.
Effects of arousal reaction on nystagmus habituation in the cat

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The effects of the arousal reaction on the reduction or habituation of nystagmus in the unanesthetized cat repeatedly rotated in darkness were determined. A reduction in nystagmus was associated with a reduction of alertness as indicated by the electroencephalogram, but alerting an animal by sounds occasioned only a temporary and partial recovery of nystagmus. Further, a continuous arousal sustained by cutaneous electric shock stimuli did not prevent habituation. It is concluded that a reduction of alertness is not wholly responsible for the nystagmic reduction and that other factors, not yet identified, play a powerful role.
OPTIONS for Preparing Inmates for Community Reentry

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to adapt and experimentally test the effectiveness of a research-based, employment-focused group counseling intervention (OPTIONS). OPTIONS was designed to increase male inmates’ exploration and identification of employment interests and options, identification and development of employment-search skills, and knowledge of vocational options, goal planning, and identification and use of contextual supports. A randomized block design and measurements at pretest, posttest, and 1-month follow-up were used to examine the effects of OPTIONS. Participants included 77 ( n = 38 treatment, n = 39 control) adult male inmates. Results indicated that OPTIONS participants had higher career search self-efficacy, problem solving, and hopefulness scores at posttest and follow-up than did treatment-as-usual control group participants.
Local governments’ indebtedness and its impact on real estate prices

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper estimates the causal effect of public debt on real estate prices and rental prices. We identify shocks to debt of self-governed cities in Germany and control for potential benefits such as an increased supply of public goods, which may come together with increased indebtedness. Using spatial variation across self-governed cities, we can quantify the causal effect. We find that shocks to public debt capitalise into property prices, questioning the presence of debt illusion in Germany. Rental prices, on the other hand, do not seem affected by public debt but by the actual tax burden, indicating that renter illusion does not reflect an illusion but rational behaviour.
Participation of Macrophages in Enhanced In Vitro Immune Interferon (IFNγ) Production with Mouse Spleen Cells

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract IFNγ production in cultures of spleen cells obtained from mice sensitized with TH69, a live Streptococcus faecalis preparation, was examined to determine how macrophages participate. It was demonstrated that sensitized spleen macrophages participated in enhanced IFNγ production by T cells at an early stage (0–6 hr) of incubation, and that this production is mainly dependent on Ia‐bearing macrophages. In the reconstitution experiments where different combinations of spleen macrophages and T cells obtained from mice sensitized with TH69, OK‐432, and BCG were used, T cells required that the identity between the sensitizing organisms in vivo and the stimulating organisms in vitro be the same for enhanced IFNγ production while macrophages did not. Macrophage‐mediated production of IFNγ appears to be genetically restricted because IFNγ was only produced in cultures where the H‐2 region of macrophages and T cells matched. Further examination revealed that for macrophages to participate in enhanced IFNγ production, first contact between cycloheximide‐treated macrophages and T cells was required. Second, enhanced IFNγ production occurred when culture supernatants of macrophages obtained from sensitized spleen cells were added to T cells. However, the addition of culture supernatant obtained from sensitized peritoneal macrophages resulted in inhibition of IFNγ production. These results clearly showed the crucial role of macrophages in enhanced IFNγ production by spleen T cells in vitro .