jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
EVA: Red-Teaming GUI Agents via Evolving Indirect Prompt Injection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As multimodal agents are increasingly trained to operate graphical user interfaces (GUIs) to complete user tasks, they face a growing threat from indirect prompt injection, attacks in which misleading instructions are embedded into the agent's visual environment, such as popups or chat messages, and misinterpreted as part of the intended task. A typical example is environmental injection, in which GUI elements are manipulated to influence agent behavior without directly modifying the user prompt. To address these emerging attacks, we propose EVA, a red teaming framework for indirect prompt injection which transforms the attack into a closed loop optimization by continuously monitoring an agent's attention distribution over the GUI and updating adversarial cues, keywords, phrasing, and layout, in response. Compared with prior one shot methods that generate fixed prompts without regard for how the model allocates visual attention, EVA dynamically adapts to emerging attention hotspots, yielding substantially higher attack success rates and far greater transferability across diverse GUI scenarios. We evaluate EVA on six widely used generalist and specialist GUI agents in realistic settings such as popup manipulation, chat based phishing, payments, and email composition. Experimental results show that EVA substantially improves success rates over static baselines. Under goal agnostic constraints, where the attacker does not know the agent's task intent, EVA still discovers effective patterns. Notably, we find that injection styles transfer well across models, revealing shared behavioral biases in GUI agents. These results suggest that evolving indirect prompt injection is a powerful tool not only for red teaming agents, but also for uncovering common vulnerabilities in their multimodal decision making.
Choice of governance structure and earnings quality

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of voluntary governance mechanisms in Australia. Design/methodology/approach This study identifies similar choices of corporate governance by Australian firms and tests the effectiveness of the choices made based on the earnings quality of reported firms. Cluster analysis is conducted using governance best practice variables, firm size and an earnings quality variable. Findings This paper’s results support the voluntary governance approach for smaller firms, but suggest that mandatory governance requirements could be beneficial for larger firms. Evidence suggests that a benefit accrues for larger firms with the adoption of governance best practice. Cluster analysis indicates that larger firms tend to exhibit higher levels of adoption of governance best practice than smaller firms. Originality/value This paper adds to the literature by providing important information regarding the suitability of adoption of voluntary governance mechanisms in Australia.
Effects of nitric oxide on NCAM production during LTP induction in hippocampal slices

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective To observe the effects of NMDA receptors and nitric oxide (NO) on neural cell adhesion molecule(NCAM) synthesis during hippocampal long term potentiation (LTP) induction in vitro . Methods LTP induction and maintenance were tested by using extracelluar electrophysiological recording. The synthesis of NCAM protein was detected by Western blotting. Results Application of conditioned stimulation induced LTP and a rise in NCAM at 10 min. NCAM protein level continued to rise while LTP remained stably at 60 min. The NMDA receptor inhibitor AP 5 and the NO synthase inhibitor N nitro arginine inhibited the LTP induction and the increase in the NCAM synthesis. Conclusion The changes in NCAM synthesis during hippocampal LTP induction in vitro may be involved in NMDA receptors and NO.
Indicator development of internal quality assurance of the school providing both general and vocational education systems: a case study of Kampong Chheuteal High School, Kingdom of Cambodia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The objectives of this study were to: (1) Examine the appropriate indicators of internal quality assurance designed by ONESQA and OBEC for the school providing both general and vocational education systems. (2) Investigate the concerns and challenges in implementing indicators of internal quality assurance designed by ONESQA and OBEC for the school providing both general and vocational education systems. (3) Propose possible indicator model of internal quality assurance of the school providing both general and vocational education systems based on the findings of the implementation of that designed by ONESQA and OBEC. Researcher studied related documentation and constructed research instruments. The samples in this research study were, 5 school administrators, 71 teachers, 16 learners, and 6 parents, purposively selected. Data collection was conducted by interviewing and doing focus group discussion. Then, researcher conducted internal quality assurance and indicator selection by Stufflebeam Checklist. Data obtained was analyzed by utilizing content analysis. Analyzed data was enabled to propose possible indicator model of internal quality assurance of the school providing both general and vocational education systems. The results of the study revealed that (1) the appropriate indicators of internal quality assurance of the school providing both general and vocational education systems consisted of 41 indicators. (2) Teachers should be well-prepared in using indicators for internal quality assurance. Then, teachers should prepare guideline of indicator application for internal quality assurance. Teachers should be trained to understand about quality assurance. Teachers should be aware that quality assurance is a component of administration system. (3) Possible appropriate indicator model of internal quality assurance for the school providing both general and vocational education systems which have been developed were appropriate with this kind of school composed of 9 components which consisted of 41 indicators. The 9 components of indicators were the result of 2-dimension indicator separation. Those 2 dimensions are characteristic of indicator and type of education.
Optimizing Individualized Treatment Planning for Parkinson’s Disease Using Deep Reinforcement Learning

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

More than one million people currently live with Parkinson's Disease (PD) in the U.S. alone. Medications, such as levodopa, can help manage PD symptoms. However, medication treatment planning is generally based on patient history and limited interaction between physicians and patients during office visits. This limits the extent of benefit that may be derived from the treatment as disease/patient characteristics are generally non-stationary. Wearable sensors that provide continuous monitoring of various symptoms, such as bradykinesia and dyskinesia, can enhance symptom management. However, using such data to overhaul the current static medication treatment planning approach and prescribe personalized medication timing and dosage that accounts for patient/care-giver/physician feedback/preferences remains an open question. We develop a model to prescribe timing and dosage of medications, given the motor fluctuation data collected using wearable sensors in real-time. We solve the resulting model using deep reinforcement learning (DRL). The prescribed policy determines the optimal treatment plan that minimizes patient's symptoms. Our results show that the model-prescribed policy outperforms the static a priori treatment plan in improving patients' symptoms, providing a proof-of-concept that DRL can augment medical decision making for treatment planning of chronic disease patients.
Quality changes of farmed cobia steaks held in cold stores (−18 °C)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary Cobia ( R achycentron canadum ) steaks held in cold store (−18 °C) were analysed aseptically in triplicates for the sensory, total aerobic bacterial count, proximate composition, p H , thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substance ( TBA ‐ RS ), formaldehyde, total volatile base nitrogen ( TVB ‐ N ), trimethyl amine‐nitrogen ( TMA ‐ N ), salt soluble nitrogen ( SSN ), nonprotein nitrogen ( NPN ), sodium dodecyl sulphate‐poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis ( SDS ‐ PAGE ) pattern. Steaks were sensorially acceptable up to 5 months of storage and the total bacterial counts did not exceed 6 log CFU counts. There were no significant changes in the p H values. TBA ‐ RS values increased significantly ( P < 0.05) and reached 7.34 mg of malonaldehyde kg −1 fat at the end. Formaldehyde content remained constant upto 4th month and later increased to 2.06 μg g −1 ( P < 0.05). TVB ‐ N and TMA ‐ N values did not exceed the acceptable limits. NPN contents showed no change, while SSN contents increased to 1.24% after 5 months. SDS ‐ PAGE pattern indicated no protein denaturation in the fish tissue. Results indicated that TBA ‐ RS value can only be considered as the valuable indicator in determining the quality of fish steaks held in cold stores.
Evaluating taxation’s dual impact on business and social development: A case study of the Cape Coast metropolis in Ghana

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Tax revenue is an important public asset that contributes significantly to a nation’s economic development. The primary function of every government is to make provision in terms of infrastructure facilities, development, and better living conditions for its people. Due to the government’s limited resources, it is necessary to impose taxes on all residents and businesses to strengthen its financial situation because it is impossible for it to carry out this large task in an effective manner. Governments have always passed numerous tax laws, and they have been amended to withstand the test of time. Therefore, this study’s goal is to determine whether taxes have an impact on economic development in the Cape Coast Metropolis in Ghana. The study used the quantitative approach, survey technique, and questionnaire for the data collection process. A sample size of 115 respondents comprising the staff of the domestic tax revenue division’s workforce and owners of registered SMEs were engaged in the study. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 26. The results indicated that the majority of the staff of the Ghana Revenue Authority (GRA) considered payment of tax as beneficial to the state, while few of the staff did not consider payment of tax as beneficial to the state. In addition, the study outcomes show that respondents are aware of the extent to which tax revenue can be used by the government for economic development. Furthermore, the researchers recommended that the head of GRA create a strong regulatory framework to monitor how tax money is used for economic growth. They should also make an effort to ensure that the tax revenue generated will be wisely used for the growth of the metropolis. This will make taxpayers appreciate the need to pay their taxes because they know they will benefit from it in the end in the form of social and economic developments.
Stability of extemporaneously prepared acetylcysteine 1% and 10% solutions for treatment of meconium ileus

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Extemporaneously prepared solutions of acetylcysteine 1% (10 mg/mL) and 10% (100 mg/mL) prepared with bacteriostatic 0.9% sodium chloride for injection were stable for at least 60 days when stored in plastic amber bottles at room temperature.
sj-pdf-1-pmj-10.1177_02692163221127808 – Supplemental material for Why patients in specialist palliative care in-patient settings are at high risk of falls and falls-related harm: A realist synthesis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-pmj-10.1177_02692163221127808 for Why patients in specialist palliative care in-patient settings are at high risk of falls and falls-related harm: A realist synthesis by Helen Louise Forrow, Monique Lhussier, Jason Scott and Joanne Atkinson in Palliative Medicine
Studying the Role of C-Reactive Protein in Patients with Sleeve Gastrectomy in Baghdad

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Obesity and severe obesity are increasing serious health problems with an epidemic percentage in most countries. In Sleeve gastrectomy, a part of the stomach structure is removed, limiting its capacity by about two to three. A total of thirty blood samples were collected from patients with obesity and the result was compared with healthy person throughout the time from November 2019 to September 2020. Before sleeve gastrectomy and after more than 6 months of sleeve surgery, the sample was collected from the Medical City/Baghdad Teaching Hospital, the withdrawal was again taken at home to have pre and post sleeve gastrectomy, Patient age ranged between [20-46] years for obese patients and healthy control. Then the serum samples were obtained from patients and control group to screen for C-reactive protein by agglutination method. The result of the present study found that the positivity of CRP in pre-operation is higher than that of post-operative with high significance [P<0.005].
Performance Comparison Of Two Interferometric Droplet Sizing Techniques

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Spatially resolved measurements of droplet size and velocity are desirable to aid in matching fuel injectors to combustor flow fields and to support the development of two phase flow modeling. Interferometric, laser based techniques have been available since the early '70s. Successful application to practical sprays, however, has been hampered by numerous difficulties. In this paper, two interferometric techniques (Visibility/Intensity Validation and Phase Doppler) are critically examined in characterizing the spray of an air-assist nozzle with Sauter mean diameter.c35 microns. The two techniques are compared to each other and are evaluated against a Malvern diffraction unit. With the use of a rotating grating for Visibility/Intensity Validation, the interference techniques compare well to each other and to the diffraction method. The Phase Doppler technique is more easily applied to the spray, due largely to its broadened size and velocity ranges. The consistency of the interferometric results raises questions with regard to the use of the Malvern's most frequently applied distribution model.
Cardiac damage due to nonpenetrating trauma. Report of four cases.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Four examples of cardiac damage secondary to nonpenetrating trauma in road accidents are described. Two patients had interventricular septal defect and other two had tricuspid insufficiency. In all four cases the lesion was not recognized at the time of the accident but became clinically important later. The time interval between trauma and surgery was one month to thirteen years. After surgical treatment, all four patients have continued to be asymptomatic.
Analysis of the short‐term curative effect of 356 cases of intraocular retinoblastoma in children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Importance Retinoblastoma (Rb) is the most common primary malignant intraocular cancer in children. Systemic chemotherapy combined with local therapy is safe and effective for intraocular Rb. Objective To summarize the short‐term outcomes of patients with Rb to provide evidence for optimizing treatment protocols and improving therapeutic safety and efficacy. Methods The clinical data of 356 patients (486 eyes) with intraocular Rb admitted to our center from December 2009 to April 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The measures included drug toxicity, eye‐preservation rate, and survival rate, with an emphasis on safety and short‐term efficacy. The date of last follow‐up was 30 November, 2017. Results The patients comprised 226 unilateral Rb and 130 bilateral Rb. Enucleation before chemotherapy was performed in 72 patients. Among the 174 patients with unilateral Rb, enucleation after chemotherapy was performed in 80 patients (46.0%), and the eye was not enucleated in 89 (51.1%); 68 eyes were preserved (68/114, 59.6%) in Group D and 20 eyes (20/59, 33.8%) in Group E. Among the 220 eyes in patients with bilateral Rb, enucleation after chemotherapy was performed for 35 eyes; the eye‐preservation rate was 91.7% in Group C, 79.1% in Group D, and 52.1% in Group E. All patients developed grade II to IV myelosuppression after chemotherapy, among whom 18 patients (5%) requiring transfusion. Fourteen patients (3.9%) died of intracranial metastasis following self‐elected discontinuation of treatment ( n = 7). Patients were followed up for a median of 47 (range, 1–96) months. The expected 5‐year overall survival rate was 95.3% (96.7% for unilateral Rb and 92.9% for bilateral Rb, P = 0.074). Interpretation The VEC (vincristine, etoposide, and carboplatin) regimen with local treatment was safe for intraocular Rb. Intracranial metastasis remains the most common cause of Rb‐related death.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Study of Pyridazines. I. Alkoxypyridazines1

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Pharmacological Study of Pyridazines. I. Alkoxypyridazines1Peter Coad, Raylene Adams Coad, Barry Dubinsky, Joseph P. Buckley, and William KinnardCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1965, 8, 1, 129–131Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00325a031https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00325a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views75Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On the ecology of the species of the genus Hylotelephium H. Ohba promising for city phytodesign in the south Urals

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The two-factor variance analysis revealed the statistically significant influence of the conditions of habitat and weather in the year of study on the majority of morphometric parameters of vegetative and generative sphere of four natural cenopopulations of Hylotelephium stepposum (Boriss.) Tzvel. and three cenopopulations of H. triphyllum (Haw.) Holub.
Colicinogeny, lipopolysaccharide and outer membrane protein profiles of multi-drug resistant Salmonella typhimurium isolates from Turkey

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A total of 259 clinical isolates of non-repetitive non-typhi salmonellae (NTS) were previously examined for their antibiotic resistance patterns and plasmid contents. Multi-drug resistant strains comprised 19.3% (50/259) of the isolates and almost all were Salmonella typhimurium. In the present study, 35 of these multi-drug resistant S. typhimurium isolates were further characterized for colicinogeny, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and outer membrane protein (OMP) profiles. Fourteen of the 35 (40%) isolates were found to be colicin producers. All isolates showed smooth-type LPS. In 26 of the (74.3%) isolates, OMPs of 30.6 and 34.6 kDa were observed whereas three (8.6%) of them were found to carry only a 30.6 kDa protein and six (17.1%) carried 27.2, 30.6 and 34.6 kDa proteins. There was no direct correlation between the plasmid contents, antibiotic resistance patterns, colicinogeny, LPS and OMP profiles of the isolates.
Data from Treatment with Next-Generation ALK Inhibitors Fuels Plasma <i>ALK</i> Mutation Diversity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>AbstractPurpose:<p>Acquired resistance to next-generation ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is often driven by secondary <i>ALK</i> mutations. Here, we investigated utility of plasma genotyping for identifying <i>ALK</i> resistance mutations at relapse on next-generation ALK TKIs.</p>Experimental Design:<p>We analyzed 106 plasma specimens from 84 patients with advanced <i>ALK</i>-positive lung cancer treated with second- and third-generation ALK TKIs using a commercially available next-generation sequencing (NGS) platform (Guardant360). Tumor biopsies from TKI-resistant lesions underwent targeted NGS to identify <i>ALK</i> mutations.</p>Results:<p>By genotyping plasma, we detected an <i>ALK</i> mutation in 46 (66%) of 70 patients relapsing on a second-generation ALK TKI. When post-alectinib plasma and tumor specimens were compared, there was no difference in frequency of <i>ALK</i> mutations (67% vs. 63%), but plasma specimens were more likely to harbor ≥2 <i>ALK</i> mutations (24% vs. 2%, <i>P</i> = 0.004). Among 29 patients relapsing on lorlatinib, plasma genotyping detected an <i>ALK</i> mutation in 22 (76%), including 14 (48%) with ≥2 <i>ALK</i> mutations. The most frequent combinations of <i>ALK</i> mutations were G1202R/L1196M and D1203N/1171N. Detection of ≥2 <i>ALK</i> mutations was significantly more common in patients relapsing on lorlatinib compared with second-generation ALK TKIs (48% vs. 23%, <i>P</i> = 0.017). Among 15 patients who received lorlatinib after a second-generation TKI, serial plasma analysis demonstrated that eight (53%) acquired ≥1 new <i>ALK</i> mutations on lorlatinib.</p>Conclusions:<p><i>ALK</i> resistance mutations increase with each successive generation of ALK TKI and may be underestimated by tumor genotyping. Sequential treatment with increasingly potent ALK TKIs may promote acquisition of <i>ALK</i> resistance mutations leading to treatment-refractory compound <i>ALK</i> mutations.</p></div>
Elements and ephemerides of minor planet 1932 DB 1(1310) Villigeral

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

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