jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Social Climate within an Adolescent Medium-Secure Facility

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The objectives of the study were to investigate the social climate of two different types of units (open vs. secure) contained within the same South London adolescent mediumsecure facility. Two hypotheses were generated: (a) adolescents would rate the social climate of the whole facility in a more negative direction than staff and (b) adolescents and staff would rate the social climate of the open units in a more positive direction than the social climate of the secure units. 43 adolescents and 49 staff members from the open units and the secure units were recruited and completed the Correctional Institutions Environment Scale (CIES), a measure of social climate. Overall, adolescents tended to rate the facility in a more negative direction. All participants rated the open units in a more positive direction than secure units. However, on selected subscales there were differences. The findings of this study suggest that adolescents and staff may perceive their shared social climate differently. This may have implications for those attempting to develop positive social climates within secure services.
Layout Optimisation of Frame Structures with Multiple Constraints and Geometric Complexity Control

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A comprehensive framework for the layout optimisation of rigid-jointed frame structures is proposed, addressing multiple mechanical constraints while effectively managing geometric complexity. The constraints considered include displacement, stress, and both local and global stability. Geometric complexity is controlled by minimising low-stiffness elements and reducing the number of elements in the resulting layouts. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, showcasing its ability to generate optimal structural layouts with desirable mechanical performance and varying levels of geometric complexity in member connectivity. This innovative optimisation framework offers significant advantages over conventional layout optimisation approaches by ensuring both the optimality and manufacturability of frame structures, thereby facilitating their practical application.
Practice of “one week with one case” teaching method with college-enterprise cooperation in the theoretical classes of contact lens courses

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

AIM: To explore the effects of “one week with one case” teaching method with college-enterprise cooperation in the theoretical classes of contact lens courses, which provide the basis for teaching reform. METHODS: Fifty-six students in optometry major of Grade 2012 from Xi'an Medical College were divided into 2 groups randomly. The experimental group of 28 students used “one week with one case” teaching method with college-enterprise cooperation; the control group of 28 people used traditional “one week with one case” teaching method. The examination scores and questionnaire were used to evaluate the teaching effects. RESULTS: The students of experimental group acquired higher test scores in short-answer questions and the case analysis questions compared with students of control group(P<0.05). The questionnaire survey showed the “one week with one case” teaching method with college-enterprise cooperation acquired higher scores in 6 items which include the intensity of learning interest, information acquisition ability, team cooperation ability, communication skills, oral communication ability and the satisfaction of teaching method(P<0.05). Four items included participation, preparation, communication ability and team spirit of experimental group students were significantly superior to those of the control group students(P<0.05). CONCLUSION:“One week with one case” teaching method with college-enterprise cooperation can improve comprehensive ability of students. It is an effective teaching method with the characteristics of the contact lens courses.
Clustering of lung adenocarcinomas classes using automated texture analysis on CT images

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To assess whether automated texture analysis of CT images enables discrimination among pathologic classes of lung adenocarcinomas, and thus serves as an in vivo biomarker of lung cancer prognosis. Materials and Methods: Chest CTs of 30 nodules in 30 patients with resected adenocarcinomas were evaluated by a pulmonary pathologist who classified each resected cancer according to the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) system. The categories included adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), lepidic-predominant adenocarcinoma (LPA), and other invasive adenocarcinomas (INV). 3D volumes of interest (VOIs) and 2D regions of interest (ROIs) were then constructed for each nodule. A comprehensive set of N=279 texture parameters were computed for both 3D and 2D regions. Clustering and classification of these parameters were performed with linear discriminant analysis (LDA) using features determined by optimal subsets. Results: Of the 30 adenocarcinomas, there were 13 INV, 11 LPA, 3 MIA, and 3 AIS. AIS and MIA groups were analyzed together. With all 3 classes, LDA classified 17 of 30 nodules correctly using the nearest neighbor (k=1) method. When only the two largest classes (INV and LPA) were used, 21 of 24 nodules were classified correctly. With 3 classes and 2D texture analysis, and when using only the two largest groups, LDA was able to correctly classify all nodules. Conclusion: CT texture parameters determined by optimal subsets allows for effective clustering of adenocarcinoma classes. These results suggest the potential use of automated (or computer-assisted) CT image analysis to predict the invasive pathologic character of lung nodules. Our approach overcomes the limitations of current radiologic interpretation, such as subjectivity, inter- and intra-observer variability, and the effect of reader experience.
The Development of Skeletal Muscle in Young Horses: An Ultrasonography and Satellite Cell Approach

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Muscle growth in young horses is characterized by an increase in muscle cross-sectional area, which can be accomplished through the activation and differentiation of satellite cells. Satellite cells can be stimulated or inhibited in response to different cytokines and growth factors and are key mediators of muscle hypertrophy and regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the growth of the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle in horses under 5 years of age and to obtain preliminary data on satellite cell behavior in foals. The area, width, height, and subcutaneous fat were measured using ultrasonography at 6-month increments over the course of 1 year. Area, height, and height to width ratio showed a significant increase by date, but not age, during the second six months and throughout the entire year. Satellite cells biopsied from 5 foals were cultured in the presence of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and the growth factors insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2. Both IL-6 and TNF-α decreased proliferation of satellite cells. Interleukin-6 increased differentiation and TNF-α decreased differentiation of satellite cells. Satellite cell proliferation was increased in the presence of both IGF-1 and FGF-2, but differentiation was decreased in the presence of FGF-2 and increased in the presence of IGF-1. The results suggest that the LD undergoes hypertrophy over the course of a year in young horses and that satellite cells are influenced by certain cytokines and growth factors that may also affect muscle growth.
Maturation of Leukaemic Blast Cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The phagocytic ability and the proliferative activeity of leukaemic blast cells were investigated in 24 patients with actue leukaemia. A certain phagocytic activity was found in most cases of acute leukaemia. The highest phagocytic activity occurred in monocytic leukaemia. Blast cell populations with a relative high phagocytic activity showed a low proliferative activity and only a few cells in DNA synthesis. The blastcells with phagocytosis are more mature cells. We got the impression that they areresting cells and possibly end cells
The Influence of HR Management Quality on Improving the Performance of Contracting Companies in North Sumatra

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This research aims to determine the influence of the quality of human resource management on the performance of contractor companies in North Sumatra. The hypothesis proposed is that there is a positive relationship between the quality of human resources and the performance of contractor companies. A total of 24 respondents from 6 contractor companies were selected as samples using the probability sampling method. The research results show that there is an influence between the quality of human resources on company performance. This is proven by the results of the hypothesis test which shows the calculated t value of 10.785, exceeding the t table value of 2.074. Therefore, the null hypothesis is rejected, indicating that there is a significant influence between the quality of human resource management and the performance of contractor companies in North Sumatra. From the research results, it can be concluded that the quality of human resource management has a significant influence on the performance of contractor companies in North Sumatra 84.1%; the remaining 15.9% is influenced by other factors. Therefore, it is recommended to improve the quality of human resource management to improve the performance of contractor companies.
INVOLVING PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA IN PARTICIPATORY DESIGN: ETHICAL PROCESSES AND CONSENT FOR DEMENTIA RESEARCH

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Obtaining ethical clearance and informed consent are two concerns for research directly involving people with dementia (PWD; Hellström et al., 2007; Wilkinson, 2002), with designers listing these barriers as a major challenge (Martin et al., 2013). University Ethics Committee ethical procedures needed to better reflect the needs of PWD, so a dementia-friendly process was developed to enable studies involving PWD as participants to be conducted. This paper describes the involvement of PWD in a participatory design process. Guidance on how to design dementia-friendly information (Dementia Engagement and Empowerment Project, 2013; Alzheimer Europe, 2012) was used to create an accessible consent form that incorporated participant information within a chunked format. PWD and their carers evaluated the form with feedback including changes in the language and use of icons. The resultant document design was evaluated using Reflective Practice. Participatory design was also used to develop research methods for a future study on improving the accessibility of Human Computer Interaction (HCI) for PWD. The proposed method includes a defined role for carers to address the potential anxiety they may experience about the involvement of PWD for whom they care. PWD and carers expressed belief that this approach will address the imbalance (Pesonen et al., 2011) found between contributions made by both participant groups, and provide increased opportunity for researchers to involve PWD. Reflective Practice demonstrated that the new information and consent form design was inclusive, accessible and usable by PWD and carers. The use of the form has been approved by Loughborough University Ethics Committee for future studies involving PWD as consenting participants. Future guidance concerning the role of the carer may also be developed. Involving PWD in a participatory design process has supported the development of dementia-friendly research methods, and will increase inclusion of PWD in future HCI studies. It is believed that for dementia research to be truly inclusive of PWD, and to give PWD a voice in matters that concern them, every aspect of research needs to be inclusively designed. This study has involved PWD and carers as stakeholders in participatory design to address this need.
Effectiveness of QR codes in enhancing customer satisfaction

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of quick response (QR) codes on customer satisfaction. A standardized questionnaire was utilized in an online survey to collect data from 108 respondents. The purpose of the structured questionnaires was to gather demographic data on province, gender, age, occupation, and education. Additionally, it collected data on the ease of use, efficacy, monthly frequency of QR code usage, and user satisfaction. The simple process and helpful QR code research tool make it easy for customers to finish receiving and payment activities. The outcome of the reveals that while most Nepalese users are happy with the service, they only utilize it 10 to 20 times a month. According to the findings, consumers who were unsuccessful while using QR code services are utterly unhappy, but those who are used to using its services are highly content. The study also provides policymakers a basis for developing more effective QR code services, aimed at achieving an even higher satisfaction rate.
New Distribution and Host Record for the Parasitoid Eumicrosoma benefica

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This is the first report of Eumicrosoma benefica Gahan in Florida and its parasitism of eggs of the southern chinch bug, Blissus insularis Barber. An average population of 34.5 wasps was associated with an average population of 90.1 chinch bugs per ft of St. Augustinegrass. The wasp sex ratio was 42.81% female.
Prevalence, mechanisms, and management of cancer-related cognitive impairment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This review summarizes the current literature on cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) with a focus on prevalence, mechanisms, and possible interventions for CRCI in those who receive adjuvant chemotherapy for non-central nervous system tumours and is primarily focused on breast cancer. CRCI is characterized as deficits in areas of cognition including memory, attention, concentration, and executive function. Development of CRCI can impair quality of life and impact treatment decisions. CRCI is highly prevalent; these problems can be detected in up to 30% of patients prior to chemotherapy, up to 75% of patients report some form of CRCI during treatment, and CRCI is still present in up to 35% of patients many years following completion of treatment. While the trajectory of CRCI is becoming better understood, the mechanisms underlying the development of CRCI are still obscure; however, host characteristics, immune dysfunction, neural toxicity, and genetics may play key roles in the development and trajectory of CRCI. Intervention research is limited, though strategies to maintain function are being studied with promising preliminary findings. This review highlights key research being conducted in these areas, both in patient populations and in animals, which will ultimately result in better understanding and effective treatments for CRCI.
A Frank Friendship: Gandhi and Bengal: A Descriptive Chronology

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Gandhi's close relationship with people and events in extended over 50 years. He first entered Calcutta in 1896 when visiting India from South Africa. His last visit in 1947 coincided almost to the day with India's independence from British rule. has always been one of India's most vibrant regions, politically, commercially and artistically, never more so than during the struggle for independence. Over this half century, Gandhi forged close links with the region, connecting himself with many of Bengal's cultural and political leaders - Rabindranath Tagore, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Ray, Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das, and the Bose brothers.Gandhi and Bengal draws on a wide range of contemporary documents - from newspaper reports, letters, journals, and Gandhi's own writings. The book throws new light on Gandhi's own evolution as a politician and a strategist, revealing his continual struggle against colonialism as well as his very personal dilemmas, torn between the practical and the spiritual.
Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated With Infections Through Reduction of Antibody Response to T-cell-dependent Antigens

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is associated with infections through reduction of antibody response to T-cell-dependent antigens. [Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2013] \nInfections and autoimmunity. [Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2012]
Familial predisposition to cancer and age at onset of disease in randomly selected cancer patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Incidence of malignancy among close relatives was used to evaluate the relationship of early age at diagnosis and familial cancer predisposition in a general population of cancer patients. The occurrence of cancer and other conditions in families of more than 1,350 randomly selected patients with a wide variety of malignancies was ascertained. Each patient was assigned to one of four study groups based on comparison of his age at diagnosis with the distribution of ages at diagnosis for his cancer site compiled by the Third National Cancer Survey. These groups consisted of patients whose ages at diagnosis were in: (1) the lowest decile, (2) the median decile, (3) above the median decile, and (4) between the lowest and median deciles. Person-years and calendar time at risk were calculated for first-degree relatives in each group. The numbers of cancers expected among these relatives were calculated using age- and time-specific incidence rates of a standard population. Statistical analysis of (1) the numbers of reported vs. expected cancers in relatives and (2) the numbers of families reporting cancer in parents or siblings of patients showed that a familial tendency to develop cancer exists in this randomly selected population of cancer patients, regardless of age at onset of malignancy in the proband. Conversely, early age at diagnosis of cancer may indicate genetic predisposition to malignancy only in exceptional cases.
Ancient Jing De Zhen Dong He River Basin Kiln and Farmland Land-use Change Based on Cellular Automata and Cultural Algorithm Model

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this study is to understand how farmland has transformed kiln in ancient Jing De Zhen Dong He River Basin; we created ancient virtual maps of study area and conducted a series of spatial analyses of the land-use pattern from the Yuan Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty. The results of the spatial analysis show that kiln can evolve from farmland, shrub, idle land etc. To simulate land-use change we developed a novel cellular automata model. Model parameters and neighborhood rules were obtained with the cellular automata model melt modified cultural algorithm. Virtual land-use maps from the Yuan Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty were used to implement the model with a time step of one year. Model performance was evaluated using Moran’s I index estimation for selected landscape pattern indices. The optimized parameter set using Particle Swarm Optimization poorly simulated land- use change as compared to the optimized parameter set using Cultural Algorithm. In summary, our results proved that the model is also effective and feasible in simulating farmland and kiln land-use evolution in ancient times when Geographic Information and System information were lacking.
[Malignant fibrous histiocytoma in the area of a total endoprosthesis of the hip joint].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Up to now 8 cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma are reported in whom the tumor had developed after total hip replacement. Direct contact between tumor and prosthesis was proved in 7 cases. We report on a female patient of 74 years of age in whom a malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the gluteal region had formed 15 years after total hip replacement. Tumor was located in the old operation scar. Not only a direct effect of the foreign material, but also the scar has to be regarded as an etiological factor in pathogenesis of malignant fibrous histiocytoma in these cases.
Synthesis of Drimane-8α,11-diol Using Terpene Cyclase from Bacillus Megaterium

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of drimane-8α,11-diol from farnesol derivatives using a terpene cyclase from Bacillus megaterium was achieved. Farnesol was not suitable for enzymatic transformation. On the other hand, farnesol derivatives in which the hydroxy group is protected with a conventional protecting group underwent cyclization to give the corresponding drimane-8α,11-diol derivatives. One of the cyclized products was transformed into 1 under mild conditions. Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of drimane derivatives from farnesol derivatives was achieved. Among farnesol derivatves, MOM protected farnesol was found to be a superior substrate to other farnesol derivatives. The resulting drimane derivative was easily converted to the target natural product in one step.
Use of a Novel Imaging Technology for Remote Autism Diagnosis: A Reflection on Experience of Stakeholders

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Timely diagnosis and early interventions are critical to improving the long term functioning of a child with ASD. However, a major challenge facing parents is difficulty in obtaining on-time access to appropriate diagnostic services. To address this need, an imaging technology, NODA® (Naturalistic Observation Diagnostic Assessment), has been successfully developed and field-tested. NODA® includes 1) NODA SmartCapture; a smart-phone based recording system for parents to capture and share in-home video evidence of their child behavior and 2) NODA Connect; a HIPPA compliant web-platform for diagnosticians to conduct remote autism diagnostic assessments based on in-home video evidence of behavior, developmental history and their clinical judgment. In the field study, parents captured and shared videos evidence from their homes via NODA SmartCapture and diagnosticians conducted remote diagnostic assessment via NODA Connect. Results show that parents were able to successfully collect video evidence of behavior as per given prescription and diagnosticians were able to complete remote diagnostic assessments. This paper is a reflection on the first hand experience of key stakeholders (parents and diagnosticians) using NODA® in the field.