jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
10 Years of Convergent Neck Implants: A Systematic Review of Clinical Outcomes, Initial Original Concepts, and Changes in Surgical and Prosthetic Protocols

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The study reviewed the state of the art of the clinical use of a convergent-neck-designed Prama implant. This implant was introduced approximately 10 years ago and was characterized by a specific and unique convergent neck with a microtextured surface (UTM surface) and Zirconium Titanium (ZirTi) implant body surface. The neck design was developed to adopt the biologically oriented preparation technique (BOPT). A critical analysis of the published clinical studies and an evaluation of the adopted clinical protocols were performed. A total of forty-six articles were eligible to be reviewed. Only sixteen clinical studies reported clinical outcomes on Prama implants, and nine of these were selected having the longest follow-up from different research groups. The clinical follow-up/duration of the studies ranged from 12 months to 6 years. The initially proposed protocols explored neck supracrestal–transmucosal placement and gained interest due to its minimally invasive concept and the ability to proceed without a pre-prosthesis second surgery. The following investigations dedicated attention to the subcrestal or equicrestal implant placement with the conventional flap approach. The clinical studies characterized by the transmucosal exposed neck approach reported high survival rates with a stable bone morphology and reduced bone loss during the follow-up. Further recent implementations included the introduction of different convergent neck heights that need to be evaluated. The use of intraoral scanner technologies and digital workflow resulted in a simpler methodology with control of the marginal crown morphology. The studies support the concept that the hard tissue parameters (such as marginal bone level, MBL) and soft tissue parameters (such as pink esthetic score, PES) were stable or improved during the follow-up. Definitive crowns, designed with low invasiveness for soft tissues, were possible thanks to the morphology of the neck. The clinical studies support the use of the Prama implant with the different neck positions, demonstrating hard tissue preservation and optimal esthetic results in the first years following insertion. However, the current body of evidence is not robust enough to draw definitive conclusions, especially in the long term, and further high-quality research (long-term randomized trials) is required to consolidate these early observations.
Realization of an ultra-compact polarization beam splitter using asymmetric MMI based on silicon nitride / silicon-on-insulator platform

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We have experimentally demonstrated a compact polarization beam splitter (PBS) based on the silicon nitride/silicon-on-insulator platform using the recently proposed augmented-low-index-guiding (ALIG) waveguide structure. The two orthogonal polarizations are split in an asymmetric multimode interference (MMI) section, which was 1.6 μm wide and 4.8 μm long. The device works well over the entire C-band wavelength range and has a measured low insertion loss of less than 1 dB. The polarization extinction ratio at the Bar Port is approximately 17 dB and at the Cross Port is approximately 25 dB. The design of the device is robust and has a good fabrication tolerance.
Selective hypertrophy of the quadriceps musculature after 14 weeks of isokinetic and conventional resistance training

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary One of the fundamental adaptations observed with resistance training ( RT ) is muscle hypertrophy. Conventional and isokinetic machines provide different forms of mechanical stress, and it is possible that these two training modes could promote differing degrees of hypertrophic adaptations. There is a lack of data comparing the selective hypertrophy of the quadriceps musculature after training with a conventional knee extension machine versus an isokinetic machine. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the selective hypertrophy of the quadriceps musculature and knee extension maximal isometric torque after 14 weeks of conventional versus isokinetic RT . Thirty‐five men were assigned to three groups: control group and training groups (conventional and isokinetic) performed three sets of unilateral knee extensions per session with a progressive loading scheme twice a week. Prior to and following the intervention, maximal isometric knee extensor torque was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer, and muscle thickness ( MT ) of quadriceps femoris muscles was assessed via ultrasound. The results indicated non‐uniform changes in MT between the muscles that comprise the quadriceps femoris group. For the conventional group, significantly greater increases in rectus femoris thickness were evident versus all other quadriceps muscles (14%). For the isokinetic group, increases in RF thickness (11%) were significantly greater in comparison with the vastus intermedius only. Although the muscle thickness did not increase for all the quadriceps femoris muscles, the relative rectus femoris adaptation suggested a selective hypertrophy favouring this portion.
Effects of salidroside on myocardial cell apoptosis in acute myocardial ischemia rats and its mechanism

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: To observe the effects of salidroside on myocardial cell apoptosis in acute myocardial ischemia (AMI) rats and explore its possible molecular mechanisms. Methods: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat models of AMI were established and randomized into salidroside high-dose (40 mg/kg) and low-dose (10 mg/kg) groups, AMI group, and sham group. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was applied to analyze the myocardial cell apoptosis. Western blotting was used to determine the protein expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, Cytochrome c (Cyt-c), cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-9. Results: TUNEL staining showed that salidroside inhibited AMI-induced myocardial cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, compared with AMI group, the salidroside treatment groups had significantly increased protein expression of Bcl-2 and significantly decreased protein expression of Bax, Cyt-c, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-9. Conclusions: Salidroside inhibits myocardial cell apoptosis during AMI, which may be achieved by inactivating the mitochondria-dependent pathway. This finding may provide labarotary evidence for the clinical application of salidroside in treating ischemic heart disease.
Evolutionary and Expression Analysis of the Pig MAGE Gene Family

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE) family found in eukaryotes plays a crucial role in cell proliferation and differentiation, spermatogenesis, neural development, etc. This study explored the validation and evolution of MAGE genes in eukaryotic genomes and their distribution and expression patterns in pigs. In total, 249 MAGE genes were found on 13 eukaryotic species. In total, 33, 25, and 18 genes were located on human, mouse, and pig genomes, respectively. We found eight, four, and three tandemly duplicated gene clusters on the human, mouse, and pig genomes, respectively. The majority of MAGE genes in mammals are located on the X chromosome. According to the phylogenetic analysis, the MAGE family genes were classified into 11 subfamilies. The NDN gene in zebrafish (DreNDN) was the root of this evolutionary tree. In total, 10 and 11 MAGE genes on human and mouse genomes, respectively, exhibited a collinearity relationship with the MAGE genes on pig genomes. Taking the MAGE family genes in pigs, the MAGE subfamilies had similar gene structures, protein motifs, and biochemical attributes. Using the RNA-seq data of Duroc pigs and Rongchang pigs, we detected that the expression of type I MAGE genes was higher in reproductive tissues, but type II MAGE genes were predominantly expressed in the brain tissue. These findings are a valuable resource for gaining insight into the evolution and expression of the MAGE family genes.
Identification of potential genes for human ischemic cardiomyopathy based on RNA-Seq data

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) is an important cause of heart failure, yet no ICM disease genes were stored in any public databases. Mutations of genes provided by RNA-Seq data could set a foundation for a variety of biological processes. This also made it possible to elucidate the mechanism and identify potential genes for ICM. In this paper, an integrated co-expression network was constructed using univariate and bivariate canonical correlation analysis for RNA-Seq data of human ICM samples. Three ICM-related modules were recognized after comparing between Pearson correlation coefficients of ICM samples and normal controls. Furthermore, 32 ICM potential genes were identified from ICM-related modules considering protein-protein interactions. Most of these genes were verified to be involved in ICM and diseases caused it by OMIM and literature. Our study could provide a novel perspective for potential gene identification and the pathogenesis for ICM and other complex diseases.
LHD ICHPXI #176010.19

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) heating system to launch fast waves (Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) waves) to heat plasma particles by wave-particle interaction. Raw data are forward and reflected power and voltage of transmission lines, 3.5 U/L and 4.5 U/L.
A Latent Class Model for Multivariate Binary Data Subject to Missingness

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

When researchers are interested in measuring social phenomena that cannot be measured using a single variable, the appropriate statistical tool to be used is a latent variable model. A number of manifest variables is used to define the latent phenomenon. The manifest variables may be incomplete due to different forms of non-response that may or may not be random. In such cases, especially when the missingness is nonignorable, it is inevitable to include a missingness mechanism in the model to obtain valid estimates for parameters. In social surveys, categorical items can be considered the most common type of variable. We thus propose a latent class model where two categorical latent variables are defined; one represents the latent phenomenon of interest, and another represents a respondent’s propensity to respond to survey items. All manifest items are considered to be categorical. The proposed model incorporates a missingness mechanism that accounts for forms of missingness that may not be random by allowing the latent response propensity class to depend on the latent phenomenon under consideration, given a set of covariates. The Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm is used for estimating the proposed model. The proposed model is used to analyze data from 2014 Egyptian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS14). Missing data is artificially created in order to study results under the three types of missingness: missing completely at random (MCAR), missing at random (MAR), and missing not at random (MNAR).
SPECTRAL PROFILES ON THE PROTEASE ACTIVITIES IN LAMINARIA, UNDARIA AND PORPHYRA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

G PAGE was used to investigate the protease patterns and activities in 11 species of Laminaria Lamx., Undaria Suringar and Porphyra C.Ag. It was shown that (1) the patterns and activities of the protease were pH dependent and the optimum pH for protease activities was 8.0; (2) the more closer the inter species relationship, the more similarities were observed among the patterns and activities of the proteases; (3) two protease patterns (19 kD,18 kD) in the eight species of Laminaria were regarded as the genetic indicator of Laminaria; (4) the results suggested that the G PAGE analysis of proteases could be valuable in the systematic taxonomic study of algae.
Karakteristik Kandungan Kimia dan Komponen Bioaktif Rumput Laut Hijau Halimeda sp. Dari Kepulauan Seribu

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Halimeda sp is a green seaweed belonging to the order Bryopsidales, class Chlorophyta. Production data from the genus Halimeda sp in Indonesia yet has not been reported by the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Affairs because it belonged to the unknown type of potential. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical and bioactive components of Halimeda green seaweed. The chemical components of seaweed Halimeda sp included of moisture content, ash, protein, fat, and carbohydrates (by different). Analysis of bioactive components was carried out qualitatively and quantitatively by counted total phenol. The results showed that the proximate analysis of Halimeda sp contained 3.15% moisture content, 87.61% ash content, 0.2% protein content, 1% fat content, and 11.19% carbohydrate (by different) content. Qualitatively Halimeda sp positively contains steroid and alkaloid compounds and was negative for flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, and triterpenoids. The quantitative analysis of the total phenol content of Halimeda sp. extracted with 99.9% ethanol solvent was 273.88 mg GAE/g.
The Clinical Features and Prognosis of Nephrocalcinosis in Preterm Neonates : A Single Center Study in Korea

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Nephrocalcinosis (NC) is frequently observed in premature infants.Smallscale studies have suggested that NC adversely affects renal function; however, the etiologic factors are still unclear.This prospective observational study aimed to identify the factors that influence the development of NC, through urine analysis.Methods: In total, 99 preterm infants (gestational age <34 weeks) diagnosed with NC in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from October 2010 to March 2014 were evaluated.Data regarding perinatal characteristics, respiratory support, total parenteral nutrition (TPN), and use of nephrotoxic drugs were analyzed.After an ultrasonographic diagnosis of NC, the infants were subjected to biweekly urine tests along with ultrasonographic follow-ups until the resolution of NC, in the outpatient department.Results: NC was diagnosed in 23% (99/432) of the preterm infants admitted to the NICU.Their median gestational age and birth weight were 28 +3 (range:23 +5 -35 +2 ) weeks and 1,120 (range: 560-1,950) g, respectively.NC was diagnosed an average of 26.4±2.8(range: 2-82) days after birth, and the corrected gestational age at that time was 32.4± 2.0 weeks.Preterm infants with NC had hyperoxaluria (oxalate/Cr=4.1 [oxalate/Cr< 0.3]), and low urinary citrate levels (citrate/Cr=0.03[citrate/Cr>0.51]).The follow-up rate was 52% (27/52) and symptoms in none of the infants had progressed to nephrolithiasis.In the infants that were followed up, NC was resolved at a mean age of 7.7 (range: 2-32) months.Conclusion: Our results suggest that hyperoxaluria is a significant risk factor for the development of NC.
Assessment of Quality of Life in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this article is to provide an up-to-date overview of validated questionnaire tools used in clinical practice with emphasis on potential future improvement in their design and clinical utility. The article defi nes the concept of QoL itself and currently available forms of its evaluation. Furthermore, the types of individual questionnaire tools are discussed within the text with practical and clearly arranged examples of world-famous validated scales evaluating specifi c items that represent the focus of research interest.
Towards a standardised analysis of experimental Threshold Of Flocculation (TOF) curves

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Characterising bioflocculation and settling in activated sludge processes is mandatory to better understand and optimise organic matter removal and capture. Among the few indicators available, Threshold Of Flocculation (TOF) reflects the ability of activated sludge to settle following Stokesian settling mechanisms. In this work, the original method to determine TOF has been improved to gain accuracy and reproducibility. An R-script was proposed for systematic analysis of the experimental curves representing the total suspended solids supernatant concentration as a function of the initial concentration of the total suspended solids. The strength of this new method is to base curve analysis on the settling mechanisms that occur in the experimental setup. Two thresholds are mathematically identified, corresponding to (i) the solid concentration required to induce discrete flocculent settling and (ii) the minimum concentration to form large flocs that interact with each other (TOF). The novel method was successfully applied to different types of sludge (HRAS, CAS, and densified sludge).
Regulation of Acetylcholine Quantal Release by Coupled Thrombin/BDNF Signaling in Mouse Motor Synapses

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study was to compare the acute effects of thrombin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on spontaneous miniature endplate potentials (MEPPs) and multiquantal evoked endplate potentials (EPPs) in mouse neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) of m. diaphragma and m. EDL. Intracellular microelectrode recordings of MEPPs and EPPs were used to evaluate the changes in acetylcholine (ACh) release in mature and newly-formed mouse NMJs. Thrombin (1 nM) increased the amplitude of MEPPs and EPPs by 25–30% in mature and newly-formed NMJs. This effect was due to an enhanced loading of synaptic vesicles with ACh and increase of ACh quantal size, since it was fully prevented by blocking of vesicular ACh transporter. It was also prevented by tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptors inhibitor ANA12. Exogenous BDNF (1 nM) mimicked thrombin effect and increased the amplitude of MEPPs and EPPs by 25–30%. It required involvement of protein kinase A (PKA) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK1/2)-mediated pathway, but not phospholipase C (PLC). Blocking A2A adenosine receptors by ZM241385 abolished the effect of BDNF, whereas additional stimulation of A2A receptors by CGS21680 increased MEPP amplitudes, which was prevented by MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126. At mature NMJs, BDNF enhanced MEPPs frequency by 30–40%. This effect was selectively prevented by inhibition of PLC, but not PKA or MEK1/2. It is suggested that interrelated effects of thrombin/BDNF in mature and newly-formed NMJs are realized via enhancement of vesicular ACh transport and quantal size increase. BDNF-induced potentiation of synaptic transmission involves the functional coupling between A2A receptor-dependent active PKA and neurotrophin-triggered MAPK pathway, as well as PLC-dependent increase in frequency of MEPPs.
“I Am Alive in Here”: Liveness, Mediation and the Staged Real of David Blaine’s Body

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article explores how mediation has impacted the meanings of David Blaine’s endurance feats Above the Below (2003) and Dive of Death (2008), using both traces of the live events found through academic and journalistic commentary, and the films made that document these performances. Using this evidence, both performances suffered from an ambivalent reception that suggested they failed to entertain on the level of high or popular culture. Mediatization plays a recuperative role in understanding Blaine’s body as a container of his power and as invulnerable, retroactively interpreting the live events so that he emerges from his ordeals triumphantly as a coherent, heroic subject. Above the Below engaged a discourse of individual transcendence that valorized the extraordinary power of Blaine’s body, while the recording of Dive of Death attempted a recovery of a stunt that was largely considered to have failed. Both these works therefore engage the potential of mediation to retrospectively interpret performance, offering a ‘version’ of the performance that can be consumed and circulated on its own terms.
Noise from outdoor music activities: selected examples of regulations and recommendations

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

According to the World Health Organization, environmental noise features among the top environ-mental risks to physical and mental health and well-being. Environmental noise includes noise pro-duced by transport traffic, industrial activities, neighborhood and leisure activities. Among the lei-sure activities which may cause hearing impairment and environmental noise annoyance include fireworks, shooting ranges, car racing and outdoor music activities; this study focuses on the latter. Examples of regulations from Australia, Belgium, France, United Kingdom and Canada (Québec city and Montréal) are presented. It is shown that regulations are not harmonized, many different indicators, limit values, measurement locations, and measurement times are used to protect attendees or residents living in noise sensitive areas.
The Dog that Didn't Bark

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter examines enrollment, student demographic, and capacity trends in Christian schools in the United States after the adoption of private-school choice programs. By private choice, the chapter focuses on programs that enable students to leave their neighborhood public schools and attend, instead, private schools. Such programmatic mechanisms include vouchers, tax credits, tax deductions, and education savings accounts. The chapter also examines these trends spanning years before and after program creation. Secular attention to such analyses is motivated by an interest in the mechanics of choice, which is informed in large part by economic theory. The first set of descriptive results consider trends by measuring choice broadly— whether states had any kind of choice program at all. The chapter draws data from the Public School Universe Survey (PSS), which has been gathering data biennially on private schools in the United States since the 1989-1990 school year.
On Public Imagination

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this wide-ranging and multidisciplinary volume, leading scholars, activists, journalists, and public figures deliberate about the creative and critical potential of public imagination in an era paradoxically marked by intensifying globalization and resurgent nationalism. Divided into five sections, these essays explore the social, political, and cultural role of imagination and civic engagement, offering cogent, ingenious reflections that stand in stark contrast to the often grim rhetoric of our era. Short and succinct, the essays engage with an interconnected ensemble of themes and issues while also providing insights into the specific geographical and social dynamics of each author’s national or regional context. Part 1 introduces the reader to theoretical reflections on imagination and the public sphere;Part 2 illustrates dynamics of public imagination in a diverse set of cultural contexts;Part 3 reflects in various ways on the urgent need for a radically transformed public and civic imagination in the face of worldwide ecological crisis;Part 4 suggests new societal possibilities that are related to spiritual as well as politically revolutionary sources of inspiration;Part 5 explores characteristics of present and potentially emerging global society and the existing transnational framework that could provide resources for a more humane global order.Erudite and thought-provoking, On Public Imagination makes a vital contribution to political thought, and is accessible to activists, students, and scholars alike.
First report of MYD88L265P somatic mutation in IgM-associated light-chain amyloidosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the editor:

A mutation in myeloid differentiation factor gene, MYD88 , leading to constitutive activation of the nuclear factor κB pathway was shown to be oncogenically active in 29% of patients with activated B-cell type diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.[1][1] The most common somatic variant of