jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Validation of Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ) in the Taiwanese Population — Concurrent Validity with Diabetes-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire Module

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Meng-Hsueh Hsieh,1 Yu-Ching Chen,2 Chun-Heng Ho,1,* Chung-Ying Lin2– 5,* 1Department of Industrial Design, College of Planning and Design, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; 2Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; 3Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; 4Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; 5Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Chung-Ying Lin, Institute of Allied Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Department of Occupational Therapy, Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Email cylin36933@gs.ncku.edu.tw Chun-Heng Ho, Department of Industrial Design, College of Planning and Design, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Email hoch@gs.ncku.edu.twPurpose: Diabetes knowledge is important for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) to improve their health. Therefore, it is important to validate an instrument for assessing diabetes knowledge. The present study aimed to validate the 24-item Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ).Patients and Methods: The 24-item DKQ and Diabetes-specific Quality of Life Module (DMQoL) were administered to 425 patients (mean±SD age=58.4± 11.6) with type 2 DM.Results: The 24-item DKQ was first examined for its factor structure using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Items with low factors loadings were removed and 18 items were retained to make a DKQ-18. In DKQ-18, five factors were identified, which were named as diabetes etiology and symptoms (F1), intermediate nursing (F2), complications (F3), diet and treatment (F4), and elementary nursing (F5). The DKQ-18 had satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach’s α= 0.732 and McDonald’s ω=0.748), good known-group validity (participants with a higher level of education showed better score in DKQ-18; participants with HbA1c ≤ 7 had better score in DKQ-18 compared to group of HbA1c level > 8.5), acceptable test–retest reliability (r=0.69), adequate responsiveness (DKQ-18 can detect knowledge change), and concurrent validity with DMQoL.Conclusion: The DKQ-18 is a valid measure for assessing diabetes knowledge. The DKQ-18 could evaluate participants’ diabetes knowledge and improve their diabetes knowledge and self-care through a diabetes team and serve as a tool to evaluate the knowledge of participants with type 2 DM.Keywords: diabetes mellitus, knowledge, diabetes care, self-care, psychometrics
The time-dependent inverse source problem for the acoustic and electromagnetic equations in the one- and three-dimensional cases

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The object of the time-dependent inverse source problem of electromagnetic theory and acoustics is to find time-dependent sources and currents, which are turned on at a given time and then off to give rise to prescribed radiation fields. In an early paper for the three-dimensional electromagnetic case, the present writer showed that the sources and currents are not unique and gave conditions which make them so. The ideas of that paper are reformulated for the three-dimensional electromagnetic case and extended to the acoustical three-dimensional case and the one-dimensional electromagnetic and acoustic cases. The one-dimensional cases show very explicitly the nature of the ambiguity of the choice of sources and currents. This ambiguity is closely related to one which occurs in inverse scattering theory. The ambiguity in inverse scattering theory arises when one wishes to obtain the off-shell elements of the T matrix from some of the on-shell elements (i.e., from the corresponding elements of the scattering operator). In inverse scattering theory prescribing of the representation in which the potential is to be diagonal removes the ambiguity. For the inverse source problem a partial prescription of the time dependence of the sources and currents removes the ambiguity. The inverse source problem is then solved explicitly for this prescribed time dependence. The direct source problems for the one- and three-dimensional acoustic and electromagnetic cases are also given to provide a contrast with the inverse source problem and for use in later papers. Moreover, the present author’s earlier work on the eigenfunctions of the curl operator is reviewed and used to simplify drastically the three-dimensional direct and inverse source problems for electromagnetic theory by splitting off the radiation field and its currents from the longitudinal field and its sources and currents. Finally, for a prescribed time dependence, the inverse source problem is solved explicitly in closed form. Using methods developed for the inverse source problem for three-dimensional electromagnetic theory, we solve the following important direct problem. Consider a sphere of finite radius and uniform charge density rotating about a fixed axis. Assume that the angular velocity is zero before a certain time, varies in an arbitrary fashion, and then becomes zero again. What is the final electromagnetic field?
Multimodal Speech Emotion Recognition Using Modality-Specific Self-Supervised Frameworks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Emotion recognition is a topic of significant interest in assistive robotics due to the need to equip robots with the ability to comprehend human behavior, facilitating their effective interaction in our society. Consequently, efficient and dependable emotion recognition systems supporting optimal human-machine communication are required. Multi-modality (including speech, audio, text, images, and videos) is typically exploited in emotion recognition tasks. Much relevant research is based on merging multiple data modalities and training deep learning models utilizing low-level data representations. However, most existing emotion databases are not large (or complex) enough to allow machine learning approaches to learn detailed representations. This paper explores modality-specific pre-trained transformer frameworks for self-supervised learning of speech and text representations for data-efficient emotion recognition while achieving state-of-the-art performance in recognizing emotions. This model applies feature-level fusion using nonverbal cue data points from motion capture to provide multimodal speech emotion recognition. The model was trained using the publicly available IEMOCAP dataset, achieving an overall accuracy of 77.58% for four emotions, outperforming state-of-the-art approaches
Application of game theory to nuclear material accounting. Final report, 1 April 1977-3 January 1978

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

An approach based upon the theory of games is presented that determines an optimal alarm threshold for detecting unauthorized or deliberate diversion of nuclear material based upon material accounting data. A mathematical model is developed, solved, and applied to a generic nuclear facility. By considering a malevolent diverter as a basic ingredient of the analysis, this approach offers advantages over conventional statistical hypothesis testing. The results show that periodic inventories and appropriate interpretation of MUF (Material Unaccounted For) can provide a high assurance for indicating diversion in a nuclear material safeguards situation. The optimal policy is to select the alarm threshold by a mixed strategy rather than a pre-set single fixed value. Procedures for doing this are presented in the report. With this approach, MUF data by itself may be more useful in indicating possible unauthorized diversion of special nuclear material.
Coordinated Crew Dispatch for Post-Disaster Power Systems and Roads Restoration

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Extreme natural disasters will cause serious damage to power systems and public roads, and the damage of road networks will directly affect the repair of power components. Therefore, the cooperative repair of roads and power grid elements is of great significance to improve the resilience of power systems. Towards urban power grids, this paper proposes a maintenance personnel dispatch model for the collaborative repair of roads and power grids after extreme disasters. First, a mechanism for the coordinated restoration of power and roads after the disaster is constructed, which unifies the dispatch of the power restoration plan and the road restoration plan of the road administration department. Then, with the goal of minimizing comprehensive benefit loss, considering the coupling of power maintenance path optimization and road dynamic repair process, a coordinated dispatch model of power and road maintenance is established, which is a mixed-integer linear programming model suitable for general solvers. Finally, a case analysis based on the IEEE RTS 79 test system shows that collaborative repair can significantly reduce the travel time of power repair crew, reduce the lack of power supply, and increase the overall social and economic benefits while having a small impact on the road repair goals.
[Posterior capsule opacification following the implantation of various types of IOLs--part II. Different intraoperative findings].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Anterior eye segment analyzer EAS 1000 (NIDEK) allows objective evaluation of posterior lens capsule transparency using the digital retro-illumination photography. It appears that not all posterior capsule findings in eyes with intraocular lenses are suitable for such objective analysis.
Safety of limited dose modifications for palbociclib associated neutropenia in ER+ metastatic breast cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

e13033 Background: The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor palbociclib (P) improves outcomes in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). P has a consistent side effect profile with a high incidence of neutropenia, although with low rates of febrile neutropenia (FN) or serious neutropenia-related infections. In MBC trials of CDK4/6 inhibitors, it is recommended that dose reduction occur with an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) < 1000 (Grade 3 neutropenia). Dose interruptions or reductions occur in > 50% of patients due to neutropenia, with potential negative impact on patient outcomes. Methods: Pharmacy data was utilized to identify patients with MBC treated with P. Patient demographics, disease characteristics, and safety data was collected. Only patients who underwent limited dose modification defined as a dose reduction/interruption for ANC < 500 (Grade 4 neutropenia) were included in this analysis. Primary endpoints were incidence of FN, infection, and percent who underwent dose reduction due to neutropenia. Results: 50 patients with MBC who received P were included. 34(68%) received P plus an aromatase inhibitor and 16(32%) received P plus fulvestrant. 31(62%) received P as first treatment for MBC. 14% had received 1 prior therapy and 8% had received 2 prior lines of therapy for metastatic disease. 16% had received ≥3 lines of prior therapy. 15(30%) had received chemotherapy for treatment of MBC. Mean duration of P treatment was 321 days. One incidence of FN was observed in a patient who received > 24 months of P and a source of fever was not identified. 7(14%) patients experienced grade 4 neutropenia requiring cycle delay/dose reduction. 14(28%) experienced infection of any grade; 10 patients received outpatient treatment for respiratory infections and 3 were treated for UTI. One patient experienced Grade 3 colitis of undetermined cause. Conclusions: Limited dose reduction for Grade 4 neutropenia of P does not result in increased infections or higher rates of FN. Patients receiving treatment with limited dose modification experienced fewer dose reductions/interruptions. More trials are warranted to determine if limited dose modification of P in MBC will translate into improved patient outcomes.
Unsteady Heat and Mass Transfer in a Stagnant Flow Towards a Stretching Porous Sheet with Variable Fluid Properties

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The unsteady flow of a Newtonian fluid along thermal energy distribution close to the stagnation point region over a stretching sheet embedded in a saturated porous medium is investigated in this chapter. The fluid properties, especially viscosity and thermal conductivity, strongly depend on the temperature and consider a function of temperature during calculation. The flow problem is modeled through transport equations of mass and heat under the impact of the porous medium and magnetic strength and converted into a single independent variable having a ratio of lengths by utilizing appropriate transformations. These equations are solved through the numerical method by employing the Keller box method, which depends upon an implicit finite difference scheme. The influence of parameters on the velocity and temperature distribution is examined graphically. The local dimensionless physical parameters, such as shear stress, convective heat transfer, and mass diffusion, are also analyzed. It is found from the results that convective heat transfer and mass diffusion decay when the strength of the magnetic field is enhanced.
O2‐02‐07: The PerCEN Study: Supporting Client and Care Outcomes in the Residential Dementia Care Setting.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Achieving QOL and QOC in dementia are recognised as two of the Australian Government health and aged care research priorities. Literature suggests that quality of life (QOL), quality of care (QOC) and Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) can be improved by relatively simple and inexpensive person-centred approaches to nursing care practices (PCC) and modifications to physical environment (PCE). 3-year cluster randomized controlled trial in 38 Australian dementia care homes with 605 consented residents over 60 years with dementia and 380 consenting permanent direct care staff (ANZCTR 12608000095369), using a factorial group-randomised, cohort design with stratification to evaluate the main effects of PCC and PCE and their joint effects (PCC+PCE), compared with Usual Care (UC) and Usual Environment (UE). The main study outcomes were Quality of Life (QoL) and reduction in Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) in residents with dementia, and improvement in care services (QoC), and the efficacy and cost effectiveness of implementing PCC and PCE in these care services After adjusting for stratification and other potential confounders the evidence of the effectiveness of PCC occurred through observed and reported decreases in the person's incidence and severity of ill-being and BPSD and an increase in their levels of well-being and quality of life. The evidence supporting PCE was the environment's capacity to enhance QoL by supporting the residents’ personal strengths, reducing unnecessary demands on their areas of limitation, and supporting staff's ability to provide QoC. Quality of life (QOL), quality of care (QOC) and Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) are able to be improved for persons with dementia living in aged care homes through a whole of system approach to PCC. As well PCE will enable staff to provide PCC and assist the person with dementia to explore and use the environment in order to maintain activities of daily living, including social activity, and be provided with more opportunities to engage in meaningful relationships.
Biopolymer-Based Hard Carbons: Correlations between Properties and Performance as a Na-Ion Battery Anode

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The relationship between the properties of hard carbon (HC) and its performance as an anode in sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) is not well understood. To address this issue, five HCs were synthesized from different biopolymer precursors by direct pyrolysis at 1500 °C. The reversible capacity was found to increase with increasing graphitic interlayer spacing (d002) and active surface area (ASA). The capacity coming from the plateau region predominantly contributes to the reversible capacity and linearly correlates to the interlayer spacing. A relationship between the reversible and plateau capacity with the closed porosity was established as well, i.e., a higher capacity is obtained when the fraction of closed pores is lower. These insightful correlations suggest an "adsorption–insertion" Na-ion storage mechanism. The initial Coulombic efficiency (iCE) proved more challenging to correlate with HC features. This can be linked to the distinct properties of the materials, known to affect the iCE (i.e., surface surface area, chemical composition, defects, etc.), thus leading to very similar iCE values (86–89% for most materials). Moreover, the HCs proposed herein deliver high performance. Cellulose-derived HC exhibits an iCE of ∼87%, a reversible capacity of ∼309 mA h–1, and good retention after 50 cycles (∼95%). The starch-rice and starch-potato HCs have performance comparable to that of the cellulose HC, while lignin and chitosan HCs deliver slightly lower performance. Rate capability tests at high C-rates demonstrates very robust materials, with high capacity retention when increasing the C-rate from C/10 to 5C (∼90%).
Refining foliage sampling protocols for white clover

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

White clover (Trifolium repens) foliar ‘grab’ samples were taken pre-grazing from two irrigated experiments at Lincoln University at ~6 week intervals from August 2019 to May 2021. Clover leaves were divided into lamina and petiole before analysis. The results for nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K) and sulphur (S) foliar concentrations are reported. While there were seasonal variations, N% and S% were consistently higher in the white clover lamina than the petiole, K% was mostly higher in the petiole, and P% was higher in the lamina during the winter/early spring period. With increasing clover sward height, the lamina to petiole DW ratio declined from 4, at a sward height of 5 cm, to 1 at 20 cm. The lamina+petiole sample had lower concentrations of N and S than lamina alone. Over time, foliar N% was relatively stable but concentrations of P, K and S showed ~ two-fold variation and may have been affected by low soil moisture. The diagnosis of clover nutrient status should be based on lamina-only samples taken during spring, when plant growth is fastest, and just prior to grazing when there is sufficient herbage. Clover foliage sampling should routinely be used to inform fertiliser recommendations rather than relying on the development of visual symptoms of nutrient deficiency.
THEORETICAL STUDIES ON NONLINEAR INTERACTION BETWEEN LASER AND BIO-MOLECULES IN OPTICAL TOMOGRAPHY

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The nonlinear interaction between laser and bio-molecule has been studied by the theory of molecular nonlinear polarization. The expressions of operators of Hamiltonian, the moment of dipole and the electric susceptibility with different orders have been evaluated. The contributions of electrons and nuclei to the molecular polarization have been analyzed. A SHG tomography induced by third-order nonlinear optical effect has also been proposed.
Search for Heavy Majorana Neutrinos in Same-Sign mumu+jets and ee+jets Events in pp Collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 GeV

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A search is performed for heavy Majorana neutrinos (N) using an event signature defined by two same-sign charged leptons of the same flavour and two jets. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.98 1/fb of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV collected with the CMS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. No excess of events is observed beyond the expected standard model background and therefore upper limits are set on the square of the mixing parameter as a function of heavy Majorana-neutrino mass. These are the first direct upper limits on the heavy Majorana-neutrino mixing for mass larger than 90 GeV.
Performance of power dissipation on semiconductor module for different configuration of heat SINK with thermal pad

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An experimental and numerical investigation to assess the impact of the number of fin arrangements on heat dissipation and its subsequent influence on junction temperature under natural convection. The experimental phase incorporated a thermal pad with a thermal conductivity of 12 W/mK and an aluminum heat spreader measuring (17x16.5) mm. By utilizing the finite volume method (FVM), a numerical model was developed that closely resembles the experimental setup, with errors for temperature package and heat spreader measured at 0.08% and 4.49%, respectively. The analysis was carried out for five different numbers of fins, specifically s1=4fins, s2=6fins, s3=8fins, s4=10fins and s5=12fins. According to the numerical analysis, the increase in the number of fins from 4 to 12 led to a reduction in the average junction temperature from 79.11 °C to 75.97 °C. This denotes a decrease of 3.97% in the average junction temperature. The inclusion of fins on the heat spreader brought about an upsurge in conduction resistance from 55.77 °C/W to 56.19 °C/W, while the convective resistance observed a decline from 152.35 °C/W to 139.62 °C/W. By increasing the number of fins from 4 to 12, the Nusselt number experiences a monotonic decrease from 14.44 to 14.141 due to the reduction in fin-to-fin spacing. As a result, this would lead to a decrease in the natural convection flow. Hence, it was concluded that increasing number of fins beyond the optimal number of fins, signifying the point where thermal benefits become insignificant. The results of this study yield significant insights into the optimization and design of thermal solutions for semiconductor modules, ultimately providing a pathway to boost their operational efficiency and longevity in real-world applications.
Clinical research on modified Buyang Huanwu decoction for treatment of cerebral infarction patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate modified buyanghuanwu decoction in treatment of cerebral infarction Methods A total of 68 cases of acute cerebral infarction were randomly divided into observation group 34 cases and control group 34 cases,the experimental group was give anticoagulation,nutrition brain cells treatment,the control group was given Modified Buyang Huanwu Decoction treatment,and compared the neurological function,Plasma D dimer(D-Dimer),fibrinogen(FIB) changes and the total effective rate of two groups were observed after treatment in two weeks.Results The patients in the treatment group the total efficiency of 93.33%,marked improvement rate was 53.33% higher than that in control group,while no change rate was 3.33% lower than that in the control group,the difference was statisti cally significant(P 0.05) after treatment in two groups,degree of neurological function score was decreased,as com pared with that before treatment,the difference was very significant significance(P 0.01).After treatment in treatment group D-Dimer and FIB was significantly lower than the control group,had statistically significant(P 0.05).Conclusion Modified Buyang Huanwu Decoction in treatment of cerebral infarction is better,and worthy of clinical ap plication.