jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Impacts of Achievement Goal Orientation and Academic Self-Efficacy on Academic Achievement

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Achievement goal orientation and self-efficacy are essential non-intellectual elements that influence students' learning process and academic achievement, and they are fundamental components of motivation and learning theory in a variety of contexts. The objective of this article is to discuss the nature and structure of achievement goal orientation and self-efficacy, as well as their function in academic achievement. This article will assist educators better understand the importance of achievement goal orientation and self-efficacy in education, as well as motivate educators to consider students' achievement goal orientation and academic self-efficacy beliefs in teaching in order to give more appealing and effective instruction. This will aid in the identification of more effective treatments to boost students' motivation levels, as well as the development of counselling strategies to address students' individual motivational challenges. Keywords: Academic; achievement goal; self-efficacy; students
Confrontation between the USA and the USSR in the Middle East: Geopolitical aspect

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The research relevance is determined by the significant role of geopolitics in the life of certain regions over the past two centuries of human history, while the methods of geopolitical play remained the same, thus studying the experience is important to prevent new mistakes. The study aims to investigate the military and political processes in the Middle East during the Cold War and to determine what political methods were used by the representatives of different parties. The main methods used in the historical research were the following: analysis of sources to determine their reliability; synthesis with other works, creating new views on the problem; the method of analogy; and the method of generalisation. The analysis of many historical works and sources determined that the territory of the Middle East was of great importance to both the United States and the USSR. During the Cold War, many serious conflicts took place in the Middle East. These conflicts had their origins in the long-standing confrontation between Arabs and Jews, and, with the spread of modern ideas at the time, the struggle between socialism and democracy. This led to significant interference by external forces in the internal affairs of the Middle East, which led to escalating conflicts and instability in the region. Geopolitical battles between various conflicting forces, as well as the deployment of military operations and sponsorship of various conflict groups, have led to deep divisions and even armed clashes. It also contributed to the rise of extremism, religious ideologies and terrorist activities, which have had a further impact on stability and security not only at the regional level but also at the global level. The study results will be useful for all those who study history and geopolitics. Using the example of the confrontation in the Middle East, it is possible to identify general trends in the policy of superpowers during the Cold War and to define certain methods of geopolitics
Water-Soluble Conjugated Oligomers:  Effect of Chain Length and Aggregation on Photoluminescence-Quenching Efficiencies

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTWater-Soluble Conjugated Oligomers: Effect of Chain Length and Aggregation on Photoluminescence-Quenching EfficienciesBrent S. Gaylord, Shujun Wang, Alan J. Heeger, and Guillermo C. BazanView Author Information Departments of Chemistry and Materials University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 26, 6417–6418Publication Date (Web):June 8, 2001Publication History Received12 February 2001Published online8 June 2001Published inissue 1 July 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja010373fhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja010373frapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2524Altmetric-Citations224LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Conjugated polymers,Differential thermal analysis,Fluorescence,Quenching,Surfactants Get e-Alerts
Diversity and feasibility of direct bonding: a survey of a dedicated optical technology

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this paper is to review almost a decade of direct-bonding activities at Philips Research including the diversity and feasibility of direct bonding. The bondability of a material is determined by its geometrical shape and mechanical, physical, and chemical surface states. Physically direct bonding provides a vacuumtight bond, which is jointless and glueless, and it permits engineering of the interfaces to be bonded. Layers can be buried, and reflective-lossless bonds between optical elements can be created. A variety of materials are investigated: (refractory) metals, a semimetal, boron, diamond, a carbide, fluorides, nitrides, oxides, and a chalcogenide. The applications that we describe relate to interface engineering, waveguiding, and the direct bonding of a fiber plate.
Pretreatment with a Low Concentration of Methyl Viologen Decreases the Effects of Salt Stress on Chloroplast Ultrastructure in Rice Leaves (Oryza sativaL.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We investigated the effects of pretreatment with a low concentration of methyl viologen (MV) on the salinity-induced chloroplast degeneration in rice seedlings. The seedlings grown in hydroponic culture containing nutrient solution for 3 wks were treated with 100 nM MV mixed in the hydroponic culture for 3 days, and then with 200 mM NaCl without MV for 3 days. In the plants without MV pretreatment, the chlorophyll content drastically decreased during the NaCl treatment accompanied by swelling of thylakoids and destruction of thylakoid membranes. These damages were alleviated by the pretreatment with MV. The activities of CuZn-SOD and Fe-SOD, which localize in chloroplasts, increased under salt stress in both plants with and without MV pretreatment. In the plants under salt stress without MV pretreatment, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity did not differ from that of control. However, in MV-pretreated plants, APX activity under salt stress was about 1.2- to 1.3-fold higher than that of the control. Catalase (CAT) activity in NaCl treated plants was decreased to 52% of the control and the reduction in CAT activity was suppressed by MV pretreatment. These results suggest that MV reduced the damages by salt stress in chloroplasts by increasing APX activity and preventing the decrease in CAT activity.
The effect of crowd noise on consumption amount

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Research on factors influencing eating behaviours has been abundant. This study examines how social-contextual influences, specifically ambient factors such as crowd noise, would influence consumption amount. As crowdedness is associated with lowered self-control (Fujita, Trope, Liberman, & Levin-Sagi, 2006) and stress (Nicosia, Hyman, Karlin, Epstein, & Aiello, 1979), it is possible that crowd noise would likewise produce higher food intake due to inability to rationally regulate how much one eats (e.g., due to lowered self-control, or emotional eating) when perception of crowdedness is aroused. Thus, it is hypothesised that perceptions of crowdedness would lead to greater consumption of a generally palatable, but unhealthy snack food (Hypothesis 1). Additionally, this effect is hypothesised to be due to heightened anxiety level (Hypothesis 2) and a lower construal level (Hypothesis 3), as associated with perceived crowdedness. Hypothesis 1 was supported whereby the Crowd condition ate the largest amount of chips, followed by the Rain audio condition and then the no-audio control condition. However, the predictions of hypotheses 2 and 3 were unsupported by our data although the general direction of their results aligned with the predictions. These findings suggest that the manipulation of crowdedness simply through auditory channels is sufficient to influence eating behaviours, such that a perception of crowdedness would unknowingly affect an individual to eat more of an unhealthy snack food. Future research should further investigate if perceptions of crowdedness would likewise affect eating rate/speed and also if the findings of this study can be replicated in an actual crowded environment.
Empirical research of price-to-book value's influencing factors in the listed real estate companies

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Price-to-Book Value (P/B) is an important financial indicator which measures the development potential of a listed company. Studying P/B's influencing factors in the listed real estate companies has both theoretical and practical significance to the sustainable development of national economy. This paper discussed the listed real estate companies in China's stock market from 2008 to 2012, and analyzed P/B's influencing factors through multiple linear regression method. The research found that return on equity, operating profit growth rate and asset-liability ratio have a significant positive effect on the increase of P/B. The largest shareholder's shareholding ratio, size of the company and net assets per share are negatively correlated to the increase of P/B. Finally, this paper presented some suggestions to maintain a reasonable P/B in the listed real estate companies on the basis of the research results.
[Pharmacokinetics of nifedipine and its metabolite after a single oral dose of the drug in patients with stenocardia of effort].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The pharmacokinetics of nifedipine and its primary metabolite 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridine carboxylate was studied in 7 patients with angina of effort after a single oral administration of nifedipine ("Corinfar" tablets) in doses of 20 and 30 mg. The binding of nifedipine and its metabolite to blood serum proteins was determined. Nifedipine appeared in the blood serum of the patients 1.5-2 hrs after the drug intake, the maximal serum concentration was observed 1.13 hrs after the intake. The mean half-life period of nifedipine in the serum was 4.51 hrs. With an increase of the nifedipine dose, its pharmacokinetics underwent linear changes. Nifedipine and its metabolite were not detected in the urine. Binding to the blood serum proteins was 97.4% for nifedipine and 90.5% for its metabolite. 20 mg of nifedipine is suggested to be insufficient for the creation of the effective drug concentration in the blood.
Kenneth Grant Jamieson (1925–1976): his life and contributions to neurosurgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Manuscript submitted May 23, 2011. Accepted September 25, 2011. Kenneth Grant Jamieson is celebrated as one of Australia's top neurosurgeons. His most notable contributions to neurosurgery included novel treatments of aneurysms and pineal tumors and studies of head injury. Jamieson was also an innovator for the development of new neurosurgical instruments and renowned for his teaching abilities, prolificacy, and mentorship. This preeminent neurosurgeon's life was cut short at the age of 51. Our current understanding and knowledge of treatments of various neurosurgical diseases is based on pioneers such as Kenneth Grant Jamieson.
Code Reorganization for Instruction Caches

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Program performance can be improved on machines with virtual memory by reorganizing the program's address space. We address the question whether reorganization could benefit programs on machines with instruction caches. We have performed experiments to determine the efficacy of restructuring using simple reordering algorithms and profile data, concluding that performance improvement can be obtained relatively cheaply. Experiments show improvements in miss rates on the order 30% to 50%, and sometimes as high as 50% to 80%, by performing a simple algorithm that relocates only 3% to 8% of the basic blocks of a program
Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial investigating two different refeeding formulations to improve safety and efficacy of hospital management of adolescent and young adults admitted with anorexia nervosa

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Providing effective nutritional rehabilitation to patients hospitalised with anorexia nervosa (AN) is challenging, partly due to conservative recommendations that advocate feeding patients at low energy intakes. An ‘underfeeding syndrome’ can develop when patients are not provided with adequate nutrition during treatment, whereby malnourished patients fail to restore weight in a timely matter, and even lose weight. Of particular concern, the reintroduction of carbohydrate in a starved patient can increase the risk of developing electrolyte, metabolic and organ dysfunction. The proposed trial assesses the efficacy and safety of a lower carbohydrate enteral formula (28% carbohydrate) against a standard enteral formula (54% carbohydrate), in adolescent and young adult patients (aged 15–25 years), hospitalised with AN. Methods and analysis The study employs a double-blind randomised controlled trial design. At admission to hospital, malnourished adolescent and young adults with AN will be randomly allocated to commence feeding on a standard enteral feeding formula (1.5 kcal/mL, 54% carbohydrate) or a lower carbohydrate isocaloric enteral feeding formula (1.5 kcal/mL, 28% carbohydrate). Assessments of nutritional intake, weight and biochemistry (phosphate, magnesium, potassium) will be conducted at baseline and during the first 3 weeks of hospital admission. The primary outcome measure will be incidence of hypophosphatemia. Secondary outcomes include weight gain, oedema, other electrolyte distortion, length of hospital admission, admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and number of days to reach medical stability, using defined parameters. Ethics and dissemination The protocol was approved by the Western Sydney Local Health District Human Research Ethics Committee and institutional research governance approvals were granted. Written informed consent will be sought prior to study enrolment. Study findings will be widely disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. Trial registration number Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12617000342314); Pre-results.
A method to select correct stimuli levels for S-functions behavioral model extraction

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

S-functions and other frequency-domain behavioral models based on describing functions rely on the linearization of the response of a nonlinear RF or microwave component around a set of large-signal operating points. To assure the validity of the linearization principle, and thus the validity of the model, one has to select appropriate stimuli levels during the experiments which are performed to extract the model parameters. In this work we propose a formal procedure to identify the correct small-signal power levels using a system identification approach, i.e. taking the uncertainty of the measured data into account. The method is based on the analysis of the cost function of an errors-in-variables (EIV) estimator obtained for simple models.
Embed equity throughout innovation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The social benefit of technologies is frequently unevenly realized across the United States. Rural communities, individuals with disabilities, and historically marginalized groups face out-of-reach costs or lack access to products that meet their needs. Blame is typically placed on complicated regulatory processes or complex delivery systems, but this response neglects the problem that equity is not baked into the nation’s innovation process at any stage. The United States needs to rethink its entire innovation ecosystem to incorporate equity as a foundational guiding principle—from research design and funding requirements to policies and regulations that govern the delivery and oversight of new products to the public.
TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL PATTERNS IN CANINE DISTEMPER VIRUS CASES IN WILDLIFE DIAGNOSED AT THE SOUTHEASTERN COOPERATIVE WILDLIFE DISEASE STUDY, 1975–2019

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Canine distemper is a high-impact disease of many mammal species and has caused substantial carnivore population declines. Analysis was conducted on passive surveillance data of canine distemper (CDV)-positive wild mammal cases submitted to the Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Athens, Georgia, US, between January 1975 and December 2019. Overall, 964 cases from 17 states were CDV positive, including 646 raccoons (Procyon lotor), 254 gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), 33 striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis), 18 coyotes (Canis latrans), four red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), three gray wolves (Canis lupus), three American black bears (Ursus americanus), two American mink (Mustela vison), and one long-tailed weasel (Mustela frenata). Raccoon and gray fox case data from the state of Georgia (n=441) were selected for further analysis. Autoregressive integrated moving average models were developed predicting raccoon and gray fox case numbers. The best-performing model for gray foxes used numbers of gray fox CDV cases from the previous 2 mo and of raccoon cases in the present month to predict the numbers of gray fox cases in the present month. The best-performing model for raccoon prediction used numbers of raccoon CDV cases from the previous month and of gray fox cases in the present month and previous 2 mo to predict numbers of raccoon cases in the present month. Temporal trends existed in CDV cases for both species, with cases more likely to occur during the breeding season. Spatial clustering of cases was more likely to occur in areas of medium to high human population density; fewer cases occurred in both the most densely populated and sparsely populated areas. This pattern was most prominent for raccoons, which may correspond to high transmission rates in suburban areas, where raccoon population densities are probably highest, possibly because of a combination of suitable habitat and supplemental resources.
On Error Performance and Concatenated Coding of Polar Codes in AWGN Channels

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels, construction of polar codes is needed for every operating signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Recently, the proposal of the design-SNR reduces the computation effort in constructing polar codes. In this paper, we prove that although the BER performance of the design-SNR construction is not affected, the packet-error-rate (PER) performance is degraded compared with the point-by-point construction. Therefore, a concatenation scheme is proposed to improve the degraded PER performance. Results show the validity of the proposed concatenation scheme when employing the design-SNR construction.
Integrated Development of Scientific Research Management and Ideological and Political Education in the New Era-- Take Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology as an example

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Under the background of the new era, the integrated development of scientific research management and ideological and political education in universities has become an important way to improve the quality of higher education and cultivate all-round high-quality talents. This paper aims to explore the internal connection and the necessity and feasibility of scientific research management and ideological and political education in the new era, and put forward corresponding strategies and suggestions. Taking Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology as an example, through analyzing the current situation, challenges and opportunities of scientific research management and ideological and political education, this paper emphasizes the guidance of scientific research and the deep integration of scientific research and education, so as to provide strong support for the realization of the goal of three comprehensive education in universities.
PULSE COMPRESSION OPTICAL RANGING STUDIES.

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Progress on the optical/ultrasonic pulse compressor experimental breadboard is discussed. The major part of this period's effort has been devoted to optical correlation and pulse expansion. The highlights of this reporting period are: Improved diffusion layer transducers have been fabricated. Pulse encoding and expansion with a CdS-quartz ULM at 120 Mc has been obtained. Progress has been made on the pulse expansion-compression loop. The difference between pulse integration and the integration of the correlation process is explained in the system analysis. A practical comparison between a pulsed laser radar and a continuous wave (cw) laser radar is shown. A digest of the signal-tonoise advantage of pulse compression is given. A report on the effects of atmospheric attenuation is also included. (Author)
Homogeneous Hydrogenation of Methyl Linoleate Catalyzed by Iron Pentacarbonyl. Characterization of Methyl Octadecadienoate—Iron Tricarbonyl Complexes1

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHomogeneous Hydrogenation of Methyl Linoleate Catalyzed by Iron Pentacarbonyl. Characterization of Methyl Octadecadienoate—Iron Tricarbonyl Complexes1E. N. Frankel, E. A. Emken, Helen M. Peters, V. L. Davison, and R. O. ButterfieldCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 11, 3292–3297Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01034a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01034a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views384Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts