jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comparative in-vivo bond failure rate of orthodontic brackets when bracket base is treated with micro-abrasive blasting vs. acid etching: eighteen month randomized control trial and scanning electron microscope study

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Background The aim of this study was threefold. Firstly, it aimed to introduce and detail a novel method for chemically etching the bases of stainless-steel orthodontic brackets. Secondly, the study sought to investigate the structural alterations within the brackets’ microstructure following chemical etching compared to those with sandblasted bases, using electron microscopy analysis. Lastly, the study aimed to evaluate and compare the long-term durability and survivability of orthodontic brackets with chemically etched bases versus those with sandblasted bases, both bonded using the conventional acid etch technique with Transbond XT adhesive, over an 18-month follow-up period. Methods The study was a randomized clinical control trial with triple blinding and split-mouth study design and consisted of two groups. The brackets in the sandblasted group were prepared by sandblasting the intaglio surface of the base of the bracket with 50 µm SiO 2 particles. Hydrofluoric acid was used to roughen the base in the acid-etched group. The bases of the brackets were viewed under an electron microscope to analyze the topographical changes. Results A total of 5,803 brackets (3,006 acid-etch, 2,797 sandblasted) in 310 patients were bonded, in a split-mouth design by the same operator. The patients were followed for 18 months. The failure rate of 2.59% and 2.7% was noted in an acid-etched and sandblasted group, respectively. There was a close approximation of curves in the Kaplan-Meier plot, and the survival distribution of the two groups in the log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test was insignificant; x2 = 0.062 ( P value = 0.804). Conclusion Acid etching if the bases of the brackets can be used as an alternative to sandblasting furthermore acid etching can be performed on the chair side.
Fascism in Popular Memory: The Cultural Experience of the Turin Working Class

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Preface Introduction Part I. Oral Sources and the analysis of Cultural Identities: 1. Memories of self- autobiography and self-representation Part II. Oral Sources and the History of Grass-Roots Cultural Forms: 2. Fascism and the symbolic order in everyday life Part III. Oral Sources and the History of the events of Everyday Life: 3. Forms of social acceptance of Fascism 4. Resistance to demographic policy 5. Mussolini's visit to Mirafiori Appendix Notes Index.
Marginal Models for Correlated Binary Responses with Multiple Classes and Multiple Levels of Nesting

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A model for correlated binary data is presented. Marginal probabilities and odds ratios are allowed to have general regression structures that include multiple classes and multiple levels of nesting. Estimation is done through the generalized estimating equations approach of Liang and Zeger (1986, Biometrika 73, 13-22). They are contrasted with conditional models and recommendations for choosing between the two are given. Examples from genetic epidemiology are presented.
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE DEVELOPMENT OF AUTONOMY FOR BEGINNER ENGLISH LEARNERS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research sought to understand the development of autonomy in beginners of the English language learning and aimed at identifying factors that encourage or discourage the development of autonomous learning. Methods included a survey to find out if and how they learn the language autonomously. A case study was carried out in English classes at the language courses at the Universidade Federal do Pará. Results showed that students have the habit of studying the language outside the classroom, they know their potentials and limitations and have motivational factors that lead them to the language study. However, the time they dedicate to study and practice is minimal and they also assign the teacher many responsibilities related to the learning process. When they practice, they tend to focus on the skills they already are good at. Even though they have the notion of autonomy in learning, in general, students are not autonomous.
Copro-diagnosis of Haplorchis taichui infection using sedimentation and PCR-based methods.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fifty-one human fecal specimens were collected from villagers inhabiting along Mae Kuang River, Ban Sob Tha, Pa Sang District, Lamphun Province, Thailand. By the formalin-ether sedimentation technique (FEST) under a light microscope, eggs of 3 helminth species, Haplorchis taichui, Ascaris lumbricoides and unidentified hookworm species were detected with prevalences of 22, 14 and 4%, respectively. PCR amplification with H. taichui specific primers showed that H. taichui specific amplicon 260 bp was generated in all FEST-positive specimens, and also in some FEST negative specimens. This H. taichui specific PCR method can be used to detect this parasite in all developmental stages and in both definitive and intermediate hosts, which should be useful in prevention and control programs.
How teachers decide pupils’ subject choices

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Teacher decision-making is subject to internal and external forces. The 'system disruptive' pupils, however, have misinterpreted the cues and made unrealistic choices, selecting examination subjects when they should have chosen non-examination, or vice versa. The product of the collision of internal and external forces, of commitment and constraint, is 'accommodation'. The mass of tactics employed in the general strategy are revealed by teacher perceptions of subject choice. Teachers are forced by the twin pressures of commitment and structural constraint to accommodate problems and develop survival strategies. The 'choice' pupils made was represented as the most crucial decision they would make in their school career—indeed, as one of the most important decisions of their lives. The overall effect is to get the pupils to articulate the teachers' decisions. Alienative divisiveness could be further reduced by involving parents as active contributors to the educational function, as in community schools, rather than working for their separation.
The Plug Domain of Yeast Sec61p Is Important for Efficient Protein Translocation, but Is Not Essential for Cell Viability

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The Sec61/SecY translocon mediates translocation of proteins across the membrane and integration of membrane proteins into the lipid bilayer. The structure of the translocon revealed a plug domain blocking the pore on the lumenal side. It was proposed to be important for gating the protein conducting channel and for maintaining the permeability barrier in its unoccupied state. Here, we analyzed in yeast the effect of introducing destabilizing point mutations in the plug domain or of its partial or complete deletion. Unexpectedly, even when the entire plug domain was deleted, cells were viable without growth phenotype. They showed an effect on signal sequence orientation of diagnostic signal-anchor proteins, a minor defect in cotranslational and a significant deficiency in posttranslational translocation. Steady-state levels of the mutant protein were reduced, and when coexpressed with wild-type Sec61p, the mutant lacking the plug competed poorly for complex partners. The results suggest that the plug is unlikely to be important for sealing the translocation pore in yeast but that it plays a role in stabilizing Sec61p during translocon formation.
Carrier-Based Space-Vector Coordinate-Shifted DPWM Strategy for Three-Level T-type NPC Inverters in Electric Aircraft Propulsion Applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a new carrier-based space-vector coordinate-shifted discontinuous PWM (DPWM) strategy is proposed for three-level T-type neutral-point-clamped (3L-TNPC) inverters in integrated electric propulsion applications. For a commercial aircraft, the cruising stage usually dominates the longest in the typical mission profile, which delivers lower-rated power and therefore requires high-efficiency electric propulsion. In addition, the performance of the 3L propulsion drives highly depends on the premise of neutral-point (NP) voltage balance. Meanwhile, the computational efficiency is highly required when executing advanced modulation algorithms, particularly for adopting multilevel topologies. To leverage the aforesaid advantages at the same time, in this work, by adopting coordinate-derived modulation signals in shifted hexagons, not only can the NP voltage deviation be restored, but also reduced switching losses are achieved attributed to discontinuous pulse patterns.
Parallel Dislocation Networks and Cottrell Atmospheres Reduce Thermal Conductivity of PbTe Thermoelectrics

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Dislocations play an important role in thermal transport by scattering phonons. Nevertheless, for materials with intrinsically low thermal conductivity, such as thermoelectrics, classical models require exceedingly high numbers of dislocations (>10 12 cm –2 ) to further impede thermal transport. In this work, a significant reduction in thermal conductivity of Na 0.025 Eu 0.03 Pb 0.945 Te is demonstrated at a moderate dislocation density of 1 × 10 10 cm –2 . Further characteristics of dislocations, including their arrangement, orientation, and local chemistry are shown to be crucial to their phonon‐scattering effect and are characterized by correlative microscopy techniques. Electron channeling contrast imaging reveals a uniform distribution of dislocations within individual grains, with parallel lines along four <111> directions. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows the parallel networks are edge‐type and share the same Burgers vectors within each group. Atom probe tomography reveals the enrichment of dopant Na at dislocation cores, forming Cottrell atmospheres. The dislocation network is demonstrated to be stable during in situ heating in the TEM. Using the Callaway transport model, it is demonstrated that both parallel arrangement of dislocations and Cottrell atmospheres make dislocations more efficient in phonon scattering. These two mechanisms provide new avenues to lower the thermal conductivity in materials for thermal‐insulating applications.
Ethambutol Induced Optic Neuropathy: A Rare Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ethambutol (EMB) is one of the first-line drugs in the treatment of tuberculosis. Ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy (EON) is a very well known side effect which is either dose or duration related. The ocular manifestations of EON include painless loss of central vision and cecocentral scotomas in the visual field. We report a rare case of EMB-induced optic neuritis in a 19 year old female, who was on ATT for spinal tuberculosis for 3 months. Patient presented with painless diminution of vision in both eyes for 15 days which was not improving on refraction. Patient was diagnosed as a case of EON on series of ophthalmic examination and ethambutol was stopped immediately. Patient was given some neurotrophic drugs for 1 month. After 1 month, patient had BCVA of 6/9 in both eyes. Fundus and visual fields were also within normal limits except mild temporal disc pallor.
Is the Lorentz Transformation Distance-Dependent?

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

An analysis of the Lorentz transformation shows that the unchangeability of the space-time coordinates of the inertial systems under consideration and the possibility of a direct projection of those coordinates onto another are the underlying assumptions as to its unlimited validity. It is demonstrated that from a empiric-physical point of view these assumptions are not given in the case of inertial systems separated by very large distances. Analogous to the impossibility to measure motion relative to absolute space, it turns out to be physically non feasible to extend the coordinate system of any reference frame considered at rest relative to a distantly moving system for a direct comparision of the coordinates, and vice versa. The extended Lorentz transformation strictly based on first physical principles predicts the possibility of superluminal propagation of very distant material bodies and, in this case, the generation of Cerenkov radiation out of the quantum vacuum. For many astrophysical phenomena and their experimentally verified properties this yields a novel view.
COVID-19 Diagnosis: ULGFBP-ResNet51 approach on the CT and the Chest X-ray Images Classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The contagious and pandemic COVID-19 disease is currently considered as the main health concern and posed widespread panic across human-beings. It affects the human respiratory tract and lungs intensely. So that it has imposed significant threats for premature death. Although, its early diagnosis can play a vital role in revival phase, the radiography tests with the manual intervention are a time-consuming process. Time is also limited for such manual inspecting of numerous patients in the hospitals. Thus, the necessity of automatic diagnosis on the chest X-ray or the CT images with a high efficient performance is urgent. Toward this end, we propose a novel method, named as the ULGFBP-ResNet51 to tackle with the COVID-19 diagnosis in the images. In fact, this method includes Uniform Local Binary Pattern (ULBP), Gabor Filter (GF), and ResNet51. According to our results, this method could offer superior performance in comparison with the other methods, and attain maximum accuracy.
Deamidation Alters the Structure and Decreases the Stability of Human Lens βΑ3-Crystallin

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

According to the World Health Organization, cataracts account for half of the blindness in the world, with the majority occurring in developing countries. A cataract is a clouding of the lens of the eye due to light scattering of precipitated lens proteins or aberrant cellular debris. The major proteins in the lens are crystallins, and they are extensively deamidated during aging and cataracts. Deamidation has been detected at the domain and monomer interfaces of several crystallins during aging. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of two potential deamidation sites at the predicted interface of the betaA3-crystallin dimer on its structure and stability. The glutamine residues at the reported in vivo deamidation sites of Q180 in the C-terminal domain and at the homologous site Q85 in the N-terminal domain were substituted with glutamic acid residues by site-directed mutagenesis. Far-UV and near-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that there were subtle differences in the secondary structure and more notable differences in the tertiary structure of the mutant proteins compared to that of the wild type betaA3-crystallin. The Q85E/Q180E mutant also was more susceptible to enzymatic digestion, suggesting increased solvent accessibility. These structural changes in the deamidated mutants led to decreased stability during unfolding in urea and increased precipitation during heat denaturation. When simulating deamidation at both residues, there was a further decrease in stability and loss of cooperativity. However, multiangle-light scattering and quasi-elastic light scattering experiments showed that dimer formation was not disrupted, nor did higher-order oligomers form. These results suggest that introducing charges at the predicted domain interface in the betaA3 homodimer may contribute to the insolubilization of lens crystallins or favor other, more stable, crystallin subunit interactions.
The History Teacher – Between the Pedagogue and the Historian

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

As soon as the methodological thought of teaching history emerged, complex relationships arose between the special and pedagogical training of teachers in the subject. In the historical development of these relationships, one direction or another has prevailed. Between the two world wars, the so-called “didactic universalismˮ was imposed in our country, in which priority was given to pedagogical, at the expense of specializing training. In recent years, through the regulations issued by the Ministry of Education, there is a tendency to return to didactic universalism, which has a negative impact on the preparation of students – future teachers.
Fostering Diversity Competence in the Veterinary Curriculum

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The Sydney School of Veterinary Science (SSVS), University of Sydney, recognises the ever-increasing importance of cultural competence (CC) and cultural capacity in professional and research practice and has been working since 2012 on the embedding of CC into the pre-veterinary programmes: Bachelor of Veterinary Biology (BVB) and the Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM). During both their professional lives and while studying, veterinarians work in culturally and linguistically diverse teams and environments. Cultural perspectives can impact animal health, welfare and/or research outcomes and also relationships with communities. It is therefore important to build cultural capacity in graduates and prepare them with relevant skills such as the ability to reflect on cultural belief systems and worldviews present in themselves and in those with whom they interact. To address this, we introduced a broad framework (graduate qualities, learning outcomes and a rubric) that defines CC beyond the context of cultural and linguistic diversity and includes other self-defined cultural groups, and incorporates cultural awareness and competency for working across cultures. We embedded CC vertically into seven units of study within the pre-veterinary BVB and postgraduate DVM programmes. The major areas that were embedded include: Indigenous perceptions and knowledge about animals; principles of cultural competence; effective communication across cultures; and the impact of CC on professional practice, animal management and research. This initiative constitutes a crucial milestone for students and outcomes indicate that students have been inspired to develop core knowledge and skills in this critical area, skills which they will carry with them when approaching extramural rotations in remote communities and overseas, as well as in their future veterinary and animal science careers, including in their places of work. To date, one DVM class has graduated with an increased awareness of the importance of CC and ways to apply it, and many students have expressed that they see the relevance of CC in the curriculum and to their future careers.
0946 Resting State Functional Connectivity In Trauma Exposed Individuals With And Without PTSD

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

PTSD is characterized by hyperarousal symptoms, including sleep disturbance and exaggerated startle. Additionally, abnormal resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in the salience and default mode networks has been observed in PTSD. We compared rsFC between trauma-exposed individuals with and without PTSD and examined relationships of these rsFC differences with self-reported hyperarousal polysomnograph (PSG) sleep measures. Individuals exposed to trauma (N=22) within 2 years [11 with PTSD; 11 with Clinician-Administered PTSD (CAPS) Score < 10] underwent fMRI resting-state scans at 3.0 T. Participants completed psychological interviews (including CAPS) and questionnaires (including the Hyperarousal Scale and PTSD Checklist-5) and completed three nights of ambulatory PSG. Whole brain connectivity maps were generated for 6 seeds: 5 fear-related structures - left/right amygdala, left/right anterior insular cortex (AIC), and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) - and 1 seed related to fear-extinction: ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Fisher’s z-scores of rsFC were extracted from regions with rsFC differences between groups (with/without PTSD) and were regressed against hyperarousal and sleep measures. Trauma-exposed subjects with PTSD exhibited significantly increased connectivity between left amygdala and right primary motor cortex (MC), and decreased connectivity between: 1) left amygdala and right caudate; 2) dACC and thalamus; 3) left AIC and supplementary motor area (SMA). Across all subjects, increased hyperarousal was associated with: 1) increased connectivity between left amygdala and right MC; 2) decreased connectivity between left amygdala and right caudate; and 3) decreased connectivity between dACC and right thalamus. Increased REM% was associated with: 1) increased connectivity between left amygdala and right precentral gyrus; and 2) increased connectivity between right AIC and both dACC and left middle frontal cortex. Mean connectivity between right amygdala and left parahippocampal gyrus increased with increased REM latency. Group differences in rsFC between fear-related structures and anterior cortical/subcortical regions were observed in individuals with/without PTSD. Fear-related regional connectivity values differing between groups correlated with self-reported hyperarousal as well with REM % and REM latency. These results suggest a role for fear-related structures in hyperarousal symptoms and sleep disturbances in PTSD. Support (If Any):
Lead in bone: sampling and quantitation using K X-rays excited by 109Cd.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lead in bone can be measured in vivo using gamma-rays from a 109Cd source to excite lead K X-rays. Normalization of lead X-ray amplitudes to that of the elastically backscattered 88 keV gamma-rays produces a determination of the concentration of lead in bone mineral that is accurate and insensitive to variations in measurement or bone geometry. For in vivo tibia measurements, a typical precision (1 SD) of +/- 5 micrograms lead (g bone mineral)-1 is achieved for an effective dose equivalent of 2.1 microSv. Measurement can be made of any superficial bone site, but precision will vary approximately as the inverse of the square root of the mass of bone mineral sampled. The apparatus required for this technique is readily transportable, and mobile laboratory facilities are easily established.
Hearing Screening

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Key Points The goal of screening is to identify children with hearing loss as early as possible to prevent language and speech impairment and its detriment to educational and social development. Routine screening for newborns is justified, given how common congenital hearing loss is. All children should be tested in the first month after birth, and any child identified as having hearing loss should be receiving intervention before 6 months of age. Routine screening should continue throughout childhood and adolescence to identify patients with acquired or progressive hearing loss.
ZigBee Tree-Based Scalable Topology Organization Algorithm for Microgrid Facility Management

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

마이크로그리드는 독립된 분산전원을 활용하여 전력의 자급자족이 가능한 분산전력시스템이다. 마이크로그리드에서 전력 데이터 관리를 위해 사용하는 통신 방식에는 PLC, Ethernet, WiFi, ZigBee, Bluetooth, 6LoWPAN 등이 있다. ZigBee는 근거리 저전력 무선통신 기술로 좁은 지역에 밀집되어 있는 설비를 모니터링하기 위해 적합한 기술 중 하나다. ZigBee는 태양광, 풍력 발전 설비, 홈 네트워크 등의 실내외 다양한 마이크로그리드 환경에 적용가능한 기술로 연구되고 있다. 설비의 특성마다 관리 면적과 분포가 다르기 때문에 효과적으로 네트워크를 구성하기 위한 방법에 대한 고려가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 다양한 마이크로그리드 환경에 적용 가능한 ZigBee 트리기반의 확장성이 용이한 토폴로지 구성 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안하는 토폴로지 구성 알고리즘은 네트워크의 확장성을 고려하여 토폴로지를 구성하기 때문에 ZigBee 표준 토폴로지 구성 방식에 비해 관리대상 설비가 넓게 분포한 경우 유리한 기술이다. OMNeT++ 시뮬레이션을 통해 제안하는 알고리즘의 성능을 트리 토폴로지에 참여한 노드 수, 링크의 신뢰성 측면에서 분석하였다.