jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
İyi ve kötü öğrenen olarak sınıflandırılan genç sıçanların hipokampus beyin bölgesinde nitrik oksit sentaz (NOS) enzimi izofomlarının immunoreaktivitesinin tayini.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Despite very extensive studies on molecular mechanisms of learning and memory formation it is little known about individual variation in the learning skills within a random animal population and about the differences in the brain biochemistry behind this variation. In the present study, we have focused on the expression and distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), one of the molecules implemented in activity-dependent neuroplasticity, in the rat hippocampus, the structure critical for episodic memory in humans and animals. The aim of the present study was to investigate the differences in expression of three different NOS isoforms: neural (n), epithelial (e), and inducible (i), in four hippocampal subregions (CA1, CA3, DG, and hilus) between Wistar rats classified on the basis of their performance in partially baited 12-arm radial maze as “good” and “poor” learners. The NOS isoforms were visualized on coronal hippocampal sections using fluorescent immunohistochemistry technique and n- and eNOS images were processed using ImageJ software, while iNOS immunoreactivity (IR) was assessed by counting immunoreactive cells. In this study, overall hippocampal levels of nNOS were significantly higher than those of eNOS and iNOS. The level of n and eNOS was higher in CA1 compared to DG/hilus areas, but lower than that in CA3 region. The expression of iNOS was the highest in CA1 and the lowest in hilus region. nNOS IR was significantly higher in “poor” than in “good” learners but only in CA1 region. No significant between-group differences were found in eNOS expression. iNOS expression was higher in “poor” learners but it did not reach the required significance level.
Cooperative work in classroom: opinions by university students

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Opposite the traditional methodology, cooperative work is a key element for the education reform in university environment. It is based on a holistic conception of the teaching / learning. It is a practice that implies linking classroom efforts, agreements and reciprocal relationships among people. Social exchange is the principal axis of classroom organization. It answers the plurality; allows interaction from the difference; and is a gap in the general education curriculum and the university one in particular. Our research was focused on the promotion of cooperative learning in the university classroom, in 4 subjects of the Teacher Degree in Early Childhood and Elementary Education. Our goal was that students valued cooperative learning as a teaching strategy and alternative to traditional learning methods, and analyze potential gender differences in attitudes to the previous methodology. The study was descriptive in nature and was framed within a pre-experimental methodology with a pretest and posttest design. For 6-8 class sessions of 90 minutes, 69 students in total, guided by the teacher, lived their own experience of cooperative work, developing practical content related to subjects of these activities, in small and big groups. Students were assessed for their skills in cooperative work, before (pre-test) and after (post-test) of the intervention plan in the classroom. The results of this experience testify opinions that future teachers of Early Chilhood and elementary education give to the cooperative teamwork as competence for their own personal and professional development.
Transmitter-induced glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in leech segmental ganglia.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

1. The utilization and control of glycogen stores were studied in the isolated segmental ganglia of the horse leech, Haemopis sanguisuga. The glycogen in the ganglia was extracted and assayed fluorimetrically and its cellular localization and turnover studied by autoradiography in conjunction with [3H] glucose. 2. The glycogen levels were measured after incubation with different neurotransmitters for 60 min at 28 degrees C. The results for each experimental ganglion were compared to a paired control ganglion, and the results analysed by paired t-tests. 3. Several transmitter substances (5-HT, octopamine, dopamine, noradrenaline, histamine) produced reductions in glycogen (glycogenolysis); other transmitters (glutamate, GABA) produced increases in glycogen (gluconeogenesis); others (adenosine, glycine) produced reductions or increases, depending on concentration. Acetylcholine had no effect on the glycogen levels. 4. Most of the glycogen in the ganglia is localized in the packet glial cells, which surround the neuron perikarya. Autoradiographic analysis demonstrated that the effects of histamine and dopamine were principally on the glycogen in the glial cells. 5. Adenylate cyclase was demonstrated by electron microscope histochemistry to be localized on the plasma membranes of the glial cells, and to a lesser extent on the neuronal membranes. 6. It is concluded that the changes in glycogen in the glial cells may be party controlled by transmitters via adenylate cyclase. This may provide a sensitive mechanism for coupling neuronal activity with energy metabolism.
A new affordable housing development and the adjacent housing-market response

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background: Cities continue to grapple with a rising demand for housing, which affects affordability and the well-being of its citizens. This growth continues to put pressure on the delivery of adequate, affordable housing in well-located areas while the availability of infrastructure and proximity to economic nodes remains a challenge. This has led to increasing infill development of medium-density to high-density affordable housing in greenfield areas located adjacent to higher-income neighbourhoods.Aim: This study investigates how a new affordable housing development influences the locational and structural values of the adjacent, existing housing market.Setting: Transactional data of residential sales for two areas in South Africa are used to measure the value change. Both areas are located within an urban setting next to an open, greenfield area that was redeveloped for affordable housing.Methods: Two case studies are used and analysed with hedonic pricing modelling to identify and measure the value change for the locational and structural characteristics before and after the development of affordable housing.Results: The results reveal a changing housing market as the locational and structural characteristics change in value, further highlighting the importance of careful planning that preserves the existing market and also supplies affordable housing.Conclusion: The value of several structural characteristics of properties will change, revealing just how consumer preference responds when affordable housing is introduced in an existing housing market. Distance to an affordable housing project continues to influence the house market value and careful consideration should be made when planning to integrate an affordable housing development in an existing neighbourhood.
The Challenges and Opportunities of Honey Production Systems in Jimma Horro District Kellem Wollega Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Soresa Shuma1* and Negasu Gamachu Dinsa2 Author Affiliations 1Dambi Dollo University, Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Ethiopia 2Oromia Agricultural Research Institute (IQQO), Haro Sabu Agricultural Research Centre, Ethiopia Received: July 25, 2020 | Published: August 04, 2020 Corresponding author: Soresa Shuma, Dambi Dollo University Ethiopia, Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Ethiopia DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2020.29.004779
Cupellation At Kea: Investigating Potential Applications Of The Minoan Conical Cup

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

? ? For?several?decades,?a?full?understanding?of?the?Minoan?Conical?cup,?its?uses,?and?the?social? environment?in?which?it?was?used?has?remained?largely?a?mystery.?Appearing?first?in?the?Early?Minoan? Period?(EM??3100?2100/2050?BCE),?the?conical?cup?seems?to?have?been?a?vessel?which?was?prevalent?in? the?daily?life?of?those?living?in?the?Bronze?Age?Aegean.?It?is?not?until?the?Late?Minoan?Period?(LM?? 1700/1675?1075/1050?BCE),?that?the?conical?cup?production?standardizes?and?vessels?are?found?in?large? concentrations?across?the?Aegean?from?Crete,?Kea,?Kythera,?and?Melos,?to?Thera,?Mainland?Greece,?and? portions?of?Western?Anatolia?(Gillis?1990b,?1).?Yet?over?the?past?thirty?years,?physical?descriptions?and? discussions?of?production?of?the?conical?cups?have?outnumbered?explanations?of?their?use?and?influence.? Studies?of?standardization?(Davis?1985??Gillis?1990b??Gillis?1990c??Berg?2004??Hilditch?2014),? transmission?(Gillis?1990a??Gillis?1990c??Knappett?1999)?and?regional?distribution?(Wiener?1984??Gillis? 1991a??Gillis?1990b??Wiener?2011)? ?? are?more?numerous?than?those?which?address?questions?surrounding? their?use?(Schofield?1990b)? .? This?thesis?seeks?to?understand?the?spatial?distribution?and?application?of?the?handleless? cup/conical?cup?in?daily?social?practices?taking?place?in?the?context?of?House?A?at?Ayia?Irini,?Kea?during? the?Period?VI?occupation?(LM?IA,?LH?I,?LC?I)1 .? ?These?materials?from?Ayia?Irini?may?reveal?something?? of? what?it?meant?to?be?a?part?of?an?increasingly?'Minoan'?or?at?the?very?least?'Minoanizing'?world.?? This? thesis?will?address?how?patterns?in?the?distribution?of?handleless?cups?at?House?A?and?their?association? with?other?finds?therein?can?inform?the?intended?uses?of?and?the?social?practices?for?which?these?ceramics? were?reserved?and?the?degree?to?which?these?daily?routines?conformed?to,?or?deviated?from,?social? practices?known?from?contemporary?sites?elsewhere?in?the?Aegean.?These?questions?are?important?because? they?can?contribute?to?wider?debates?on?what?constituted?shared?experience?in?what?has?come?to?be?called? a?'Minoan'?or?'Minoanizing'?world?and?may?finally?provide?a?compelling?(albeit?partial)?explanation?for? 1 ?? See?Table?1.? the?prevalence?of?the?Minoan?conical?cup.?In?pursuing?the?answer(s)?to?these?questions?I?propose?that,?in? addition?to?other?possible?of?uses,?the?handleless?cup?at?Ayia?Irini?was?a?vessel?well?suited?to?1)?use?in?the? process?of?silver?cupellation?and?2)?use?as?a?receptacle?for?various?dyes?used?in?textile?production.?These? claims?will?be?supported?by?? artifact?distribution?and?density?maps?of?the?Period?VI?structure?that?reveal?the? spatial?relationships?between?objects?and?features.
Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome: Clinical Features of 75 Cases from Argentina

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A series of 75 cases of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) from Argentina, whose ages ranged from 6 to 55 with a mean of 20.02, were evaluated to compare findings with those reported for other countries. Mean age at onset was 7.44 years and mean overall duration of symptoms was 12.58 years; 6.7% of cases were mild, 49% moderate and 44.3% severe. Most frequent presenting motor tics were excessive blinking in 41 followed by head jerking in 16 and eye winking in six, while phonic tics included coprolalia in 28.0%, echolalia in 17.5% and palilalia in 10.8%. Abnormal perinatal events were reported in 40.5%, while positive family history for tics was present in 26.66%. Obsessive–compulsive behaviour was evident in 66% and attention deficit disorder in 16% of cases. Self-injurious behaviour comprised onychophagia in 28 patients, lip-biting in seven and self-slapping in eight cases. Almost half of our patients were initially interpreted as having a psychogenic disorder indicating that GTS in Argentina is most likely underdiagnosed. It may be concluded that the overall pattern of GTS is not dissimilar to that described for European, Asian and American populations, thus highlighting the previously recognized cross-cultural uniformity.
RE: “COMBINED EFFECT OF CHILDBEARING, MENSTRUAL EVENTS, AND BODY SIZE ON AGE-SPECIFIC BREAST CANCER RISK”

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article RE: “COMBINED EFFECT OF CHILDBEARING, MENSTRUAL EVENTS, AND BODY SIZE ON AGE-SPECIFIC BREAST CANCER RISK” Get access Suresh Moolgavkar, Suresh Moolgavkar Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattle, WA 98104 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Anup Dewanji Anup Dewanji Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattle, WA 98104 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 128, Issue 5, November 1988, Pages 1177–1178, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115063 Published: 01 November 1988
Smart Contract Applications within Blockchain Technology: A Systematic Mapping Study

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Blockchain has become another new information revolution after the Internet, and to a certain extent, like the Internet, will change the existing production relations and business logic. With the advent of blockchain, smart contracts have become one of the most sought-after technologies. Its high customizability becomes the key to implement blockchain technology in multiple fields ranging from financial services, life sciences and healthcare to energy resources and voting. However, due to the infancy, challenges are put forward as smart contracts widespread deployment. This study aims to contribute a comprehensive overview on smart contract within blockchain technology. Based on systematic mapping study, we offer a broad perspective of current academic research and application areas of smart contracts. First, by using bibliometric mining on 158 smart contract-related papers, we identified publication profiles, research hot trends and research topic clustering. Then, we provide a summary of the areas where smart contracts are used and analyze the pain points, they address. Finally, we identify the bottlenecks that need to be broken and propose research outlook for the future development of this topic. This paper is aimed at providing helpful guidance and reference for future research efforts.
Anticorrosion behavior of ultrafine-grained Al-26 wt% Si alloy fabricated by ECAP

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Ultrafine-grained (UFG) Al-26 wt% Si alloy was obtained through multipass equal-channel angular pressing (EACP) procedure and subsequently tested in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution for the evaluation of electro- chemical corrosion. The results show that the ECAPed alloy with increased number of pressing passes obtain lower mass-loss ratios, nobler Ecorr and Epit, lower Icorr values, and higher anode polarization. The improved corrosion resistance of the ECAPed alloy results from the homogeneous UFG structure with the breakage of brittle large primary silicon crystals, which contributes to a higher pitting resistance. The oxidation product with improved adhesion force and protection efficacy can be formed with greater ease on UFG alloys. It implies that grain refinement through severe-plastic-deformation can enhance anticorrosion behavior of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys, besides the well-known strengthening and tough- ening effects.
[A study to narrow down the time when a hyoid bone fracture was sustained].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An unstable hyoid bone that can be loosely moved during autopsy is initial reason to suspect trauma to the neck. The question to be answered is whether the increased mobility is due to incomplete ossification of the hyoid, a postmortem injury (damage), or an ante-mortem injury, possibly related to the cause of death. This is the first study to systematically assess whether stereomicroscopic examinations and flat-panel CT-scans of isolated, unstable hyoid bones can add information to the macroscopic examination by helping to determine when the instability arose. Sixteen isolated hyoid bones (8 female, 8 male; 4-87 years-old) were examined after being macerated. Four of the hyoid bones were already classified as unstable during autopsy. Of the other 12, 7 were fractured immediately after autopsy before being macerated, and 5 were fractured after being macerated. There were, in total, six different diagnostic constellations. Stereo-microscopic examination did not yield additional information compared with the macroscopic examination. Flat-panel CT allowed distinction between an incomplete ossification of the hyoid and a fracture, but did not help in determining whether the fracture had been sustained peri- or postmortem.
Isolation and characterisation of arabinogalactan-proteins from cell cultures of Pelargonium sidoides DC

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Pelargonium sidoides is a traditional medicinal plant from South Africa. An aqueous-ethanolic formulation of the roots is approved for the treatment of acute bronchitis. The main effects could be related to antibacterial activities and the stimulation of the non-specific immune system by the main components of Pelargonium sidoides: coumarins, phenols and tannins [1]. Due to wild harvesting, Pelargonium sidoides is an endangered species. Therefore the propagation of the plant material by cell cultures and the extraction of ingredients are interesting tasks. Calli were established from roots and shoots of germinating seeds and the maintenance of callus and suspension cultures in different media was investigated. In suspension cultures of Echinacea purpurea a secretion of arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) with weak immunomodulatory activities has been shown [2]. From suspension cultures of Pelargonium sidoides high amounts of pure AGPs could be isolated by precipitation with β-glucosyl Yariv reagent. To study potential therapeutic benefits the characterisation of these AGPs is necessary. Quantification of neutral sugars by acetylation pointed out arabinose (Ara) and galactose (Gal) as dominating monosaccharides in a ratio of 1: 1.7–1.8. Colourimetric determination of uronic acids revealed an amount of 5–8%. Linkage type analysis showed that the main components are 1,3,6-Gal(p), 1,3-Gal(p) and 1-Ara(f) as well as minor amounts of 1,6-Gal(p), 1,4-Gal(p) and 1,5-Ara(f).
The importance of the microbiome and metabolome in health and disease of dogs and cats

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The canine intestinal tract harbors a highly complex microbial ecosystem. Various studies have reported changes in microbial communities in acute and chronic gastrointestinal diseases, especially in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and acute diarrhea. Most commonly observed are decreases in the bacterial phyla Firmicutes (i.e., Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Faecalibacterium) and Bacteroidetes, with concurrent increases in Proteobacteria (i.e. Escherichia coli). Due to the importance of microbial and host derived metabolites for intestinal health, it is important to better understand the functional consequences of microbial dysbiosis. Novel approaches such as shotgun sequencing of DNA allow describing the functional changes in the bacterial metagenome in gastrointestinal disease. Furthermore, wide scale and untargeted measurements of metabolic products derived by the host and the microbiota in intestinal samples allow a better understanding of the functional alterations that occur in gastrointestinal disease. For example, changes in bile acid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid concentrations, and tryptophan pathways have recently been reported in humans and dogs. Also, metabolites associated with the pentose phosphate pathway were reported to be differentially expressed in gastrointestinal inflammation and indicate the presence of oxidative stress in dogs with IBD. Of interest is that these changes did not correlate with clinical activity, suggesting the presence of ongoing inflammation. Better understanding of the interactions of microbial-derived metabolites and the host will yield insights into the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal diseases and may be a new avenue for therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, some of these metabolic pathways can be used for monitoring of therapy success.
Research on training mode of service outsourcing in capital university

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Faced with increasing pressure on university graduates as the result of the college enrollment expansion, service outsourcing as an emerging industry is promoting industrial restructuring, changing the foreign trade development mode, increasing opportunities for college graduates. This paper firstly gives an overview of the current service outsourcing, and analyses status quo and characteristics of China's service outsourcing. Then it analyses the limitations of the traditional training mode of university and studies its existing problems. Finally it gives suggestions and countermeasures for applying training mode of service outsourcing in capital university.
Guarantors omission in the event of primary oblligors failure to meet an oblligation: concerted action, unlawfull act without prior agreement between offenders, or a criminally irrellevant act?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper aims to examine to what extent a security guarantor or surety should be deemed responsible in the event that the primary obligor or principal fails to meet an obligation to which he/she is bound and thus enters default or delinquency. On the grounds of general legal theory and principles, this should be understood as a case of concerted action whereby the guarantor s liability arises from complicity and participation, and thus engages in the so-called participation by omission (i.e. failure or breach of a duty to act). While on one hand it is found to be applicable as a normative convention by Brazilian law, on the other hand such understanding appears to be incompatible with basic principles of culpability. More careful study is required in order to find out whether a guarantor s omission should be interpreted under the principles of criminal law and, if such is the case, whether this should be understood as concerted action or participation. This paper further aims to focus on real cases pursuant to two currently applicable criminal codes relying on different procedural guidelines, namely Ordinary Criminal Law and Military Criminal Law. The introduction chapter outlines the premises in this paper and describes the criminal offence theory ranging from a system referred to as causal (i.e. classical) up to currently functional systems, of normative nature, particularly those as understood by Günther Jakobs and Claus Roxin. Given the several systems implied, this research required a guiding principle that could, among other things, help to understand criminal science dogmas in military criminal law. The system devised by Hans Welzel, i.e. finalism, was then regarded as the most suitable guiding principle. Since there is a long way still to go, this research aims not only to resolve some doubts, but also to point out that some of the issues that are currently covered by legal theory and principles should be reconsidered with a view to searching for more appropriate and fairer solutions on the grounds of the nullum crimen sine culpa principle