jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Compounds containing platinum-carbon bonds. Part I. Crystal and molecular structure of cis-dichloro[diethyl(phenyl)phosphine](ethyl isocyanide)platinum(II), cis-[PtCl2(CNEt)(PEt2Ph)]

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The molecular geometry of the title compound has been determined by an X-ray analysis based on 1062 photographic data. The crystals are orthohombic, space-group p212121, a= 15·16(1), b= 10·72(1), c= 10·48(1)Å, Z= 4. The structure was solved by the heavy-atom method and refined by full-matrix least-squares to R 0·062. The crystals are built of monomeric molecules. Co-ordination around the platinum atom is square planar. The platinum-ligand bond lengths are: Pt–C 1·83(4), Pt–P 2·244(8), Pt-Cl(trans to C) 2·314(10), and Pt–Cl(trans to P) 2·390(8)Å. The trans-influence of isocyanide is thus appreciably smaller than that of tertiary phosphine.
Nutrient intake and adequacy and consumption of food away from home of adults with children

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The dietary intake of Americans does not meet current recommendations. A greater desire for quick, convenient food options and food prepared outside the home (FAFH) may be two contributors to poor intake patterns. The Food Choice Process Model suggests that life changes such as becoming a parent may place additional time constraints on adults that in turn will impact on their food choices. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine differences in dietary intake of U.S. adults by (a) child presence in the household and (b) child presence plus frequency of FAFH. A sample of 4,904 adults, 18 to 50 years, was selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005 to 2008). Using linear regression and logistic regression models, dietary intake was compared based on child presence in the household while controlling for variables that represented constructs of the Food Choice Process Model. When compared to females without children, females with children consumed significantly less fiber and were less likely to meet their fiber requirements. When examined by child presence and FAFH frequency, females with low FAFH frequency (1 or fewer FAFH meals per week) without children in the household had significantly lower total fat, saturated fat, and sodium intakes compared to high frequency users regardless of child presence. Females with children with high FAFH frequency (2 or more FAFH meals per week) were less likely to meet the recommendations for fiber intake and more likely to exceed the recommendations for sodium intake compared to females with children with low FAFH frequency. There were no clinically relevant findings for men. Dietary intake of women but not men changes based on whether a child is present in the household and meals are consumed away from home. (Published By University of Alabama Libraries)
Impact of healthcare interventions on distress following acute musculoskeletal/orthopaedic injury: a scoping review of systematic reviews

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background Musculoskeletal injuries can cause distress, and distress is associated with delayed recovery. Numerous interventions have been developed to facilitate recovery from injury, and several systematic reviews evaluate the efficacy of these interventions for reducing psychological distress. Objectives This scoping review aims to map the synthesised evidence for the relationship between treatment interventions and distress-related outcomes following acute injury. The objectives were (1) to describe the types of interventions that have been evaluated in relation to distress-related outcomes following accidental injury, (2) to examine the scope of distress-related outcomes that have been measured in relation to these interventions and (3) to explore the range of clinical professions that deliver these interventions. Design We searched nine electronic databases and grey literature (to 21 April 2022). We included any systematic review reporting on the relationship between interventions delivered in the time following injury and distress-related outcomes. Data relevant to the specific objectives of this scoping review were extracted and described using narrative synthesis. Results From 8412 systematic reviews imported for screening, 8266 unique records were screened. 179 were selected for full-text review. 84 systematic reviews were included in the study. Interventional types were pharmacological, psychological, exercise based, physical/manual therapies, virtual reality based, multimodal and workplace based. Interventions were delivered digitally, face to face and using virtual reality by a variety of healthcare professionals, including doctors, nurses, psychologists and physiotherapists. The most frequently reported distress-related variables included anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder diagnosis. Conclusion A wide range of interventions may help to mitigate distress following acute accidental musculoskeletal or orthopaedic injury. Even interventions that were not designed to reduce distress were found to improve distress-related outcomes. In view of the important role of distress in recovery from injury, it is recommended that distress-related variables are measured as core outcomes in the evaluation of treatments for acute injuries.
Stars and Symbiosis: MicroRNA- and MicroRNA*-Mediated Transcript Cleavage Involved in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The majority of plants are able to form the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis in association with AM fungi. During symbiosis development, plant cells undergo a complex reprogramming resulting in profound morphological and physiological changes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important components of the regulatory network of plant cells. To unravel the impact of miRNAs and miRNA-mediated mRNA cleavage on root cell reprogramming during AM symbiosis, we carried out high-throughput (Illumina) sequencing of small RNAs and degradome tags of Medicago truncatula roots. This led to the annotation of 243 novel miRNAs. An increased accumulation of several novel and conserved miRNAs in mycorrhizal roots suggest a role of these miRNAs during AM symbiosis. The degradome analysis led to the identification of 185 root transcripts as mature miRNA and also miRNA*-mediated mRNA cleavage targets. Several of the identified miRNA targets are known to be involved in root symbioses. In summary, the increased accumulation of specific miRNAs and the miRNA-mediated cleavage of symbiosis-relevant genes indicate that miRNAs are an important part of the regulatory network leading to symbiosis development.
Diversity and distribution of Avifauna resource: a case of Lake Burigi wetland, North Western Tanzania

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Lake Burigi wetland forms part of Burigi Game Reserve (GR) hence an important\nwater source for wildlife. Besides, it is connected to trans-boundary ecosystems in\nnorthern Tanzania and constitutes the Burigi-Biharamulo Important Bird Area. This\narea is important for fishing activities, agriculture, provision of protein and tourist\nhunting. The area has received minimal attention, hence poor information on its\nconservation status. This study was carried out to determine species richness, assess\nabundance and spatial distribution of birds and compare bird diversity and spatial\ndistribution between protected and non-protected parts of the wetland. A point count\nmethod was employed to count birds within 200m in water and 100m on land.\nEleven locations were randomly sampled and surveyed between September and\nDecember 2008. Analysis of variance was used to test the difference in abundance\nof birds in different habitat covers and locations. T-test was carried out to test the\ndifference between the protection status and substrate for both abundance and\ndiversity. ArcView GIS was used to map the surveyed area whereas LCCS software\nwas used to develop the habitat classes. Distance program was used to estimate\npopulation and population density of birds. A total of 2 935 birds in 101 species\nwere counted. Number of birds varied significantly with locations, habitat cover and\nradial distances. Number of birds was significantly high in the non-protected part of\nthe wetland. Diversity index varied significantly with locations. Results revealed\nthat birds were unequally distributed on locations, habitat covers and protection\nstatus. The area had 23 migratory species and 27 IUCN Red List species. Further\nstudies during dry season, on limnology and socioeconomic importance of the area\nare recommended.
Data from Tumor-Derived Tissue FactorBearing Microparticles Are Associated With Venous Thromboembolic Events in Malignancy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Despite the strong association between malignant disease and thromboembolic disorders, the molecular and cellular basis of this relationship remains uncertain. We evaluated the hypothesis that tumor-derived tissue factorbearing microparticles in plasma contribute to cancer-associated thrombosis.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> We developed impedance-based flow cytometry to detect, quantitate, and size microparticles in platelet-poor plasma. We evaluated the number of tissue factorbearing microparticles in a cohort of cancer patients of different histologies (<i>N</i> = 96) and conducted a case-control study of 30 cancer patients diagnosed with an acute venous thromboembolic event (VTE) compared with 60 cancer patients of similar age, stage, sex, and diagnosis without known VTE, as well as 22 patients with an idiopathic VTE.</p><p><b>Results:</b> Tissue factorbearing microparticles were detected in patients with advanced malignancy, including two thirds of patients with pancreatic carcinoma. Elevated levels of tissue factorbearing microparticles were associated VTE in cancer patients (adjusted odds ratio, 3.72; 95 confidence interval, 1.18-11.76; <i>P</i> = 0.01). In cancer patients without VTE, a retrospective analysis revealed a 1-year cumulative incidence of VTE of 34.8 in patients with tissue factorbearing microparticles versus 0 in those without detectable tissue factorbearing microparticles (Gray test <i>P</i> = 0.002).The median number of tissue factorbearing microparticles in the cancer VTE cohort (7.1 10<sup>4</sup> microparticles/L) was significantly greater than both the idiopathic VTE and cancerno VTE groups (<i>P</i> = 0.002 and <i>P</i> = 0.03, respectively). Pancreatectomy in three patients eliminated or nearly eliminated these microparticles which coexpressed the epithelial tumor antigen, MUC-1.</p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> We conclude that tumor-derived tissue factorbearing microparticles are associated with VTE in cancer patients and may be central to the pathogenesis of cancer-associated thrombosis. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(22):683040)</p></div>
Permeation of glove materials by physiologically harmful chemicals

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The breakthrough times and permeation rates of 1,4-dichloro-2-butene, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, and 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene for eleven commercially available gloves were determined. Four methods of determining the breakthough time and permeation rate were evaluated. A wide variation in the glove material thickness and protection time was found showing that the adequate protection time can only be determined by testing the proposed glove with the chemicals to be handled.
PENERAPAN PSAK 72 TERKAIT PENDAPATAN DARI KONTRAK DENGAN PELANGGAN PADA PT TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA TBK

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to review the application of PSAK 72 regarding Revenue from Contracts withCustomers at PT Telkom Tbk. This study employs qualitative methods with a literature study approach,content analysis, and interviews. Interviews were conducted with two informants consisting ofacademic and PT Telkom internal party. It was conducted in May 2020. This study concluded thatPSAK 72 (2017) by PT Telkom Tbk was effective since January 1, 2020, and is not an earlyapplication in Indonesia because, in 2018 and 2019, PT Telkom Tbk used PSAK 23 (2014). Theimplementation of IFRS 15 (2014) by PT Telkom Tbk since 2018 has not made the financial reportssubmitted to the IDX early-adopting PSAK 72 (2017). PT Telkom Tbk has made preparations relatedto the implementation of PSAK 72 (2017) since the end of 2016.
Prevalence and Determinants of Depression Among Medical Students: A Comprehensive Investigation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background/Aims:Depression is a prevalent mental health disorder globally, impacting individuals' quality of life significantly. Medical students, due to the demanding nature of their education, are particularly susceptible to depression. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and severity of depression among medical students and explore associated factors. Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted over three months at a tertiary healthcare institution affiliated with a university. A face-to-face questionnaire was used to assess depression levels and associated factors among medical students. The Beck Depression Inventory was utilized for depression assessment. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics. Results:The study included the demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and depression scores of medical students. Female students exhibited significantly higher depression scores than male students. Factors such as family income, smoking habits, social media usage, and regular studying showed significant associations with depression levels. Additionally, students who were satisfied with their medical education and those who did not experience semester/internship loss demonstrated lower depression levels. Conclusions:Several factors, such as gender, family background, lifestyle choices, and academic performance, were found to influence depression levels among medical students. Notably, social media use, regular studying habits, and satisfaction with medical education emerged as significant predictors of depression. Depression among medical students is a multifaceted issue influenced by various factors. Addressing these factors through targeted interventions and support services is crucial for promoting the psychological well-being of medical students and ensuring their long-term success in the medical profession.
Immunization of piglets during the postnatal period

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

the lateral site P i (from o to i mm for carcasses with 40 % muscle to 2 -3 nun for those with 55 °o muscle).There was a more regular progression ( 2 mm) at the level of the loin and at the lateral site P 3 for the same classes of muscle contents.b) As regards the utilisation of combined measures according to indexes, maximum cor y ec- tions according to carcass weight did not exceed 3 ll1.m for the individualized sites; corrections were minimum (i mm) in the case of very fat pigs.Modification of a fatness grade has to be related to the progression of backfat thickness measures made for the sites considered in each index; application of these results might contri- bute to an important improvement of the CEE classification of pig carcasses.
Electric field stimulation of human osteosarcoma-derived cells: a dose-response study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In vitro electrical stimulation of human osteosarcoma-derived cells resulted in increased cell adherence and current directed cell migration. We have developed an electrical exposure system in which two steel electrodes imbedded in media-based agar, poured in a standard culture dish, are used to apply electric field signals to cells in culture without ion contamination from the electrodes. The cells were exposed to a 100 Hz pulsed DC electric signal at peak field strengths of 1, 10, 100, and 625 mV/cm in the culture media. The data showed no change in cell adherence at 1 and 10 mV/cm, an increase in adherence at 100 mV/cm, and a decrease in both adherence and cell proliferation at 625 mV/cm. Electric field stimulation in vivo has been found useful in accelerating the healing of fractures and non-unions, and the repair of surgical and cancer-related skeletal defects.
EU’s “Fifty-fifty Split Rule” for Shipping Carbon Emissions Trading: Development Logic, Legitimacy Analysis and China’s Response

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In 2021, the European Union issued a new “fifty-fifty split” regulation, proposing that the shipping industry should not only be included in its Emissions Trading System (ETS), but also that the coverage of the shipping ETS should be expanded to 50% of intercontinental shipping carbon emissions starting or ending at European ports. Based on the general legitimacy analysis of the EU’s shipping ETS, the academic community lacks research on the source of the “fifty-fifty split rule” mechanism. This article focuses on international law of the sea and international climate law. Looking at its logical approach, the dispute between the “extraterritoriality” and “full coverage” arguments held within and outside the EU on the 50% quota reflects the economic and political logic of legislation, and their combined effect produces “fifty-fifty split”. Looking at its implementation difficulties, it faces questions about its legitimacy under international law. The extraterritorial effect of the new regulation lacks an international legal basis for extraterritorial jurisdiction; although it complies with Article 2.2 of the Kyoto Protocol, it conflicts with the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities. Exploring the relevant restrictions of international law of the sea on this initiative and responding to negative impacts through legal and political means is a new methodology.
Recent Advances in Peptide Engineering of PEG Hydrogels: Strategies, Functional Regulation, and Biomedical Applications

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is hydrophilic, biocompatible, and electrically neutral in an aqueous solution due to its unique internal structure. PEG is widely used to prepare hydrogels for applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering. In addition, PEG can be used as a functionalization agent of biomaterials to prolong the presence of drug systems in vivo in biomedical applications. The functionalization of PEG hydrogels using functional peptides gives PEG hydrogels the advantages of better biocompatibility, higher loading efficiency, more adjustable lifetime, and lower cost, which have exhibited promising applications in biomedical fields. In this review, recent advances in the functionalization of PEG hydrogels with peptides for biomedical applications are presented. For this aim, first, the basic properties of PEG hydrogels are described by introducing various preparation methods, and then, the functional regulation of PEG hydrogels is demonstrated with different motif‐designed peptides to achieve specific properties. Finally, biomedical applications of peptide‐engineered PEG hydrogels in controlled drug delivery, tissue engineering, medical diagnostics, bioimaging, and biosensing are described in detail. This work provides a systematic literature review on this promising topic and facilitates readers in the design of composite materials and functional tailoring of PEG hydrogels with biomolecules.
American experience in the implementation of AML / CFT system

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

\nThis article presents a research into very specific matters and issues of creating and further improvement of Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism system (abbreviated as AML/CFT) in the USA. In contains a precise analysis of key elements of this system, as well as a deep look into the nature and purposes of financial intelligence “FinCEN”. Strong emphasis is laid on The US Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) for the reason that, according to this Act, any foreign financial institution is legitimately forced to sign a special agreement with The US Internal Revenue Service (IRS), giving the Service power to maintain control over any American asset within its equity. The latter is understood as a legal right to investigate not only the accounts and property of American taxpayers, but to investigate any account or capital of any foreign institution having American shares or stocks.\n
Soft-Shelled Turtle Peptide Supplementation Modifies Energy Metabolism and Oxidative Stress, Enhances Exercise Endurance, and Decreases Physical Fatigue in Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The potential of soft-shelled turtle peptides (STP) against fatigue was evaluated. Mice orally supplemented with STP significantly increased the swimming time until tiredness by 35.4–57.1%. Although not statistically significant, STP increased muscle and thymus mass. In addition, the serum lactate, ammonia, blood urea nitrogen content and creatine kinase activity in STP-fed mice were dramatically decreased when compared to the control group. Furthermore, STP supplementation increased the reserves of liver glycogen and muscle glycogen, thus improved the energy metabolism system of mice. STP treatment contributed to increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities as well as a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA), indicating an improvement in oxidative stress protection. The Western blot (WB) results indicated that the STP supplement effectively altered the expression of oxidative stress-related protein by modulating the NRF2/KEAP1 pathway. In summary, STP affected NRF2/KEAP1 levels in skeletal muscle, leading to antioxidant activity and a slower time to exhaustion during exercise.
A UNIQUE BILATERAL VARIATION OF LATERAL ATLANTOAXIAL JOINT MENISCOID MORPHOLOGY: CASE REPORT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Advances in understanding of the anatomy of lateral atlantoaxial joint meniscoids have lead to theories regarding the clinical significanceof these structures in head and neck pain. However, there is a paucity of evidence pertaining to anatomical variations of lateral atlantoaxial joint meniscoids in cadaveric research or in vivo. We present the case of a 57-year-old female with a variation in the morphology of the lateral atlantoaxial joint meniscoids. The subject was a symptom-free volunteer in an anatomicalstudy employing magnetic resonance imaging. On review of her scans, the dorsal meniscoid of both left and right lateral atlantoaxial joints extended across the entirety of the articular cavities, with no visible ventral meniscoid. This variation has not previously been reported, and may have clinical implications in the context of cervical spine trauma. With increasing evidence regarding the pathoanatomical potential of lateral atlantoaxial joint meniscoids, appreciation of anatomical variation in a symptom-free population may have future clinical utility.Keywords: anatomy; atlantoaxial joint; cervical spine; meniscoid; synovial folds