jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The opportunity for composting food waste at the University of Manitoba

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The three objectives of this study were to more accurately establish the volume and composition of the University of Manitoba's waste stream, particularly the compostable food waste portion; to identify and assess composting options based on their potential technical, economic, environmental, educational, regulatory and administrative feasibility; and to make appropriate recommendations based on the research findings to the University of Manitoba's Central Administration, Food Services, and the Physical Plant Department. Three key recommendations are made as a result of the research, including the following: The Physical Plant and Food Services Departments should agree on an implementation time line for a campus-wide food waste composting project that will be operational well before the 1999 Pan-Am Games; The University Central Administration should allocate sufficient funds for research activities which will determine the sources, character, quantity, composition, and seasonal variability of the compostable waste stream, and build upon the assessment criteria identified by this study; The University Physical Plant and Food Services Departments, with the encouragement and financial support of the Central dministration, should immediately identify and evaluate a range of suitable composting alternatives, and establish a small composting pilot project on campus by September 1996. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Microaggressions in the United States

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

"Microaggressions" is the term scholars and cultural commentators use to describe the ways that racism and other systems of oppression are upheld in everyday interactions. Although prior research has documented the types of microaggressions that individuals experience, we have lacked representative data on the prevalence of microaggressions in the general population. We introduce and evaluate five new survey items from the 2018 General Social Survey intended to capture five types of microaggressions. We assess the prevalence of each microaggression as well as a constructed microaggression scale across a key set of sociodemographic characteristics. We find that black Americans experience more microaggressions than other racialized groups, twice the rate of the general public for some types. Younger people report more microaggressions than older people. Women are more likely to report some types of microaggressions, and men others. Experiencing microaggressions is associated with an array of negative physical and mental health outcomes.
Integral cohomology of the Generalized Kummer fourfold

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We describe the integral cohomology of the Generalized Kummer fourfold giving an explicit basis, using Hilbert scheme cohomology and tools developed by Hassett and Tschinkel. Then we apply our results to a IHS variety with singularities, obtained by a partial resolution of the Generalized Kummer quotiented by a symplectic involution. We calculate the Beauville--Bogomolov form of this new variety, presenting the first example of such a form that is odd.
[Successful lithium carbonate therapy for a patient with intractable and severe aplastic anemia].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 16-year-old female patient who had been given a diagnosis of severe aplastic anemia underwent 2 courses of a combined regimen of corticosteroid pulse therapy and androgen therapy. This proved ineffective. Antilymphocyte globulin therapy was also ineffective. The patient was then given lithium carbonate at a dose of 600 mg/day in combination with an androgen derivative. This had a dramatic effect on her peripheral blood smear. Within 3 weeks after the first course of this treatment, she no longer required red blood cell transfusions. Also, once the lithium carbonate dose was increased to 1,200 mg/day, the patient no longer needed exogenous platelet transfusions. Approximately 6 months after the start of combination therapy, a peripheral blood smear showed entirely normal results. However, 2 months after lithium carbonate was discontinued probably as a result of drug-induced liver dysfunction, both leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia reappeared. Therefore, lithium carbonate was readministered at a dose of 400 mg/day, and later at a dose of 800 mg/day. Again, the patient showed improvements in 3 blood components without any adverse effects. We concluded that lithium therapy was remarkably useful for this patient with intractable and severe aplastic anemia.
The prediction of radiofrequency ablation zone volume using vascular indices of 3-dimensional volumetric colour Doppler ultrasound in an in vitro blood-perfused bovine liver model

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To determine the most reliable predictor of radiofrequency (RF) ablation zone volume among three-dimensional (3D) volumetric colour Doppler vascular indices in an in vitro blood-perfused bovine liver model. Methods: 3D colour Doppler volume data of the local hepatic parenchyma were acquired from 37 areas of 13 bovine livers connected to an in vitro oxygenated blood perfusion system. Doppler vascular indices of vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI) and vascularization flow index (VFI) were obtained from the volume data using 3D volume analysis software. 37 RF ablations were performed at the same locations where the ultrasound data were obtained from. The relationship of these vascular indices and the ablation zone volumes measured from gross specimens were analyzed using a general linear mixed model fit with random effect for liver and backward stepwise regression analysis. Results: FI was significantly associated with ablation zone volumes measured on gross specimens (p = 0.0047), but explained little of the variance (R β 2 = 0.21). Ablation zone volume decreased by 0.23 cm3 (95% confidence interval: −0.38, −0.08) for every 1 increase in FI. Neither VI nor VFI was significantly associated with ablation zone volumes (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusion: Although FI was associated with ablation zone volumes, it could not sufficiently explain their variability, limiting its clinical applicability. VI, FI and VFI are not clinically useful in the prediction of RF ablation zone volume in the liver. Advances in knowledge: Despite a significant association of FI with ablation zone volumes, VI, FI and VFI cannot be used for their prediction. Different Doppler vascular indices need to be investigated for clinical use.
Supplementary Figure S4 from Preclinical Development of the Anti-LAG-3 Antibody REGN3767: Characterization and Activity in Combination with the Anti-PD-1 Antibody Cemiplimab in Human <i>PD-1xLAG-3</i>–Knockin Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Figure S4 shows activity of REGN3767 in an engineered assay</p>
Choice of control group in clinical trials: prospective or retrospective

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Control arms play a vital part in clinical trials; they are used as a comparator for a new intervention, to see if it is better than current practice, and provide estimates of treatment effect. Controls can be obtained prospectively or retrospectively. The choice of control arm will vary depending on the current standard of care, the disease under investigation and the aim of the trial. This chapter will summarize several different types of control arm and discuss when each is appropriate.
ANALISIS KELAYAKAN USAHA PESAN-ANTAR MASAKAN KHAS KARO BABI PANGGANG LUNING

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Karo's signature cuisine that continues to develop and food and beverage industry in Indonesia makes a positive contribution to GDP. The activites business model canvas, SWOT analysis and financial feasibility analysis. The resulting data is the data processed by researchers and the theories of research results. Financial feasibility calculation result, value NPV BPK Luning > 0 for which it can be concluded that the business is eligible to run. Payback period that is required for 4 months and 9 days.This is what encourages the author to build a business that is engaged in the food industry, especially karo cuisine.
Assaying the performance of anion plasma technology applied for food preservation (Case study: Mustard green and orange)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Recently, anion plasma technology has gained public interest for the improvement of human health and biological processing. This study aimed to obtain the effect of preserving food using anion plasma technology on food quality of mustard green and orange. The anion plasma was generated through negative ion generator 12VDC that emitted -2 – 6 kVDC and placed in front of an axial fan in a closed chamber. Furthermore, it was used in treating the samples at different processing times ranging from 5 – 15 hours. The investigation was conducted for seven days with non-isothermal storage at room temperature (25 – 33°C) and the examined food quality included pH-value, weight loss, organoleptic quality, microbial contaminant, and nutritional content. The result showed that there was no significant change in pH-value but a significant percentage weight loss of mustard green (<5%). The optimum processing time accepted by the consumer was 10 hours, obtained by organoleptic analysis from 30 untrained panelists. Furthermore, the efficacy of anion plasma in inhibiting microbial growth at day 7 resulted in 2.59 log reduction of mustard green and 1.81 log reduction of orange. The preserved samples resulted in higher nutrition content over the non-preserved after seven days of storage. In conclusion, anion plasma is a promising new preservation technology for fruit and vegetable. Therefore, further studies to investigate this technology should be conducted.
Long noncoding RNA DLX6-AS1 promotes renal cell carcinoma progression via miR-26a/PTEN axis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as new gene regulators and prognostic markers in several types of cancer, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In this study, we identified an upregulated lncRNA, DLX6-AS1, in RCC tumor tissues compared with normal kidney tissues. Our data suggested that DLX6-AS1 promoted RCC cell growth and tumorigenesis via targeting miR-26a. In addition, we observed that PTEN overexpression restored the renal cancer cell growth and also rescued the RCC tumorigenesis. In summary, we conclude that DLX6-AS1 promotes renal cell carcinoma development via regulation of miR-26a/PTEN axis.
From the Cloister to the Street

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract To bring the cloister to the street, to sacralize society, was the goal of devout lay men and women (significantly, many drawn from lay officialdom) no less than clerical reformers. The sacralization of society was an integral part of the new moral vision of a reordered world, and it shared many of the characteristics of this authoritarian morality, whose social, political, and legal views were analyzed in the opening chapter. Like philosophers and jurists, godly reformers and moralists believed that the path to the new moral order must follow the road of self-discipline and social control.
Commentary What are flexible representations?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This article was published in an Elsevier journal. The attached copy is furnished to the author for non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the author’s institution, sharing with colleagues and providing to institution administration. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit:
Refinement of the HCUP Quality Indicators: Appendix 8A Literature Tables for Utilization and ACSC Indicators

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

APPENDIX 8 Literature Tables for Utilization and ACSC Indicators This appendix summarizes the literature reviews for area utilization and ACSC indicators in table format. Table 1A. Studies of appropriateness of specific procedures. This table summarizes the studies used to identify area utilization indicators. Tables 2A-6A. These tables summarize studies of ACSC indicators. Table 2A identifies the studies and designs. Table 3A lists the ACS conditions examined in each study. Tables 4A-6A list pediatric avoidable hospitalizations, infant discretionary hospitalizations, and late hospitalization indicators examined by each study. Table 3A focuses on conditions for which the risk of hospitalization can be reduced, either through better outpatient management of chronic diseases (e.g., asthma, CHF, diabetes) or through more timely diagnosis and effective treatment of acute conditions (e.g., pneumonia, UTI, cellulitis). This is the best validated of the 4 constructs, and is the basis for all of our selected indicators. Table 4A includes conditions for which evidence exists that specific ambulatory care modalities reduce hospitalization rates. This category differs from #1 in that it is more sharply focused on defects in ambulatory care, such as a lack of prior outpatient visits or antibiotic prescriptions. There is some overlap between this list and #1 (e.g., asthma, gastroenteritis, DKA, severe ENT infections, PID), although the definitions often differ slightly. Some of these indicators cannot be implemented without linked outpatient claims. Table 5A focuses on conditions for which the decision to admit involves a substantial amount of physician judgment...have a wide range in severity and are often managed at home. This concept seems somewhat less relevant to discussions about quality of care. Table 6A focuses on conditions whose advanced stages are presumed to have a greater likelihood of reflecting untimely hospital admissions (because earlier admission would have prevented progression to the advanced stage). This concept relates to the timeliness of hospitalization and the appropriateness of inpatient care, more than to the timeliness and effectiveness of outpatient care.
The Legitimacy of Single Mothers in Israel Examined through Five Circles of Discourse

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study applies critical discourse analysis to examine the relationship between the imagery and the legitimacy attached to single mothers, as well as the social policy designed for them. The correlation between images, legitimacy, and policy was examined during three decades (the 1970s, 1990s, and 2000s) of extensive legislation pertaining to single-parent mothers. The data have been drawn from a diversity of sources, including Knesset debates, Knesset committee discussions, women's organizations, the media, and semi-structured interviews. The study shows that welfare policy necessarily encapsulates cultural perceptions and basic assumptions pertaining to certain segments of society. These beliefs anchor justifications for the expansion or limitation of social rights and reveal how the development of social rights is linked to cultural and social apprehension.
A Review on Ferry Electrification: A Path towards Sustainable Maritime Transport

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This paper reviews research and development efforts for ferries' electrification, focusing on energy supply grids, communication networks, charging systems, and energy storage. It analyzes energy storage technologies, battery charging requirements, shore side infrastructure design, power system architecture, and alternative battery charging stations[1]. The study evaluates the effectiveness of using an electric/hybrid ferry boat for tourist transportation in a real case. The optimal system configuration depends on engine power, energy storage, photovoltaic system sizes, and percentage of hybrid or pure electric usage. The analysis can be replicated to other cases, showing the potential of new technologies for sustainable boating and improving passenger service, especially in terms of comfort[15]. One of the most important steps in lowering greenhouse gas emissions and the marine industry's reliance on fossil fuels is the electrification of ships. This analysis examines the technical developments, difficulties, and environmental effects of switching from conventional fossil fuel-powered ships to electric and hybrid ships. The future of fully electric ships, legislative efforts, and how these advancements relate to international sustainability goals are also covered in the study.
FACILITATED TRANSPORT OF CARBON DIOXIDE: A REVIEW

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The effect of reversible chemical reaction upon the diffusion of carbon dioxide in thin liquid film membranes is reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed upon the hydration reaction of CO2 and catalysis thereof. Theoretical analysis is developed for equilibrium, near-equilibrium and near-diffusion regimes. The important effects of weak acid buffers, proteins and amines upon CO2 transport are also discussed, as well as the significance of diffusion potentials, particularly in the case of protein systems. Results of experimental investigations of facilitated CO2 transport are reviewed, as well as general aspects of CO2 transport in biological systems and absorbers.
A model of Brownian motion in an inhomogeneous environment

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The stochastic motion of a wall of mass M separating two semi-infinite cylindrical volumes filled with non-interacting point particles of mass m is studied. The initial equilibrium states on both sides are characterized by the same pressure but by different temperatures and densities. Frictionless motion of the wall is entirely due to collisions. In the scaling limit where the mass M grows as the surface area of the wall M ~ L2, L → ∞ and = 2m/(m + M) ~ L−2, the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process is shown to govern the stochastic dynamics. In an inhomogeneous environment the wall behaves like a Brownian particle with an effective temperature determined by the ratio of the energy and particle fluxes. The global particle flux defines the dynamic friction coefficient. A comparison with predictions of Boltzmann's theory is presented, bringing in the subtle problem of the drift velocity.
Democratic Nationalism in the Ideology of Stjepan Radić (1891-1914)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Autorica opisuje kako S. Radic misli da principi koji svakoj naciji daju pravo da osigura svoju individualnost i slobodu ne smiju voditi u sovinizam, te da uska povezanost nacionalizma i demokracije može sprijeciti razvoj imperijalizma i militarizma, a da moderna država ne može opstati bez individualnih prava i socijalne pravde.
Septicemia: The Principal Killer of Burns Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Burn injury is a major problem in many areas of the world and it has been estimated that 75% of all deaths following burns are related to infection. Burns impair the skin’s normal barrier function thus allowing microbial colonization of the burn wounds and even with the use of topical antimicrobial agents, contamination is almost unavoidable. It is therefore essential for every burn institution to determine its specific pattern of burn wound microbial colonization, time related changes in predominant flora and antimicrobial resistance profiles. This would allow early management of septic episodes with proper empirical systemic antibiotics before the results of microbiologic culture becomes available, thus improving the overall infection-related morbidity and mortality. We attempted to examine the factors affecting risk of infection; strategies for infection control and prevention in burn victims.
Plant Succession on Granite Rock in Eastern North Carolina

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

1. The transition between Piedmont and Coastal Plain provinces, called the fall line, has numerous outcrops of granitic rock scattered along its length throughout North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. 2. Rocks are unfavorable habitats for plant colonization and these are particularly so because of the long dry summers with high temperatures. Especially adapted plants, including several rock endemics, grow here in spite of the extreme conditions. Succession on the North Carolina rocks follows two major lines, originating (1) anywhere on the rock surface and (2) in depressions. The depressions may be dry, moist, or pools. 3. The bare rock surface is invaded by Grimmia or crustose lichens. The latter do not contribute to further succession. Grimmia forms mats which are successively invaded by stages dominated by (1) Cladonia-Selaginella, (2) Polytrichum, (3) Andropogon, (4) conifers. 4. Dry depressions retain little water and are floored with a clayey soil. The soil is too thin to support species which lead to a successional series and too deep to permit the beginnings of a normal rock succession. They support scattered succulents like Talinum and Portulaca, and sometimes dry, fibrous individuals like Fimbristylis and Stenophyllus. 5. Damp depressions represent the best development on the rocks. The stages are essentially like those on the rock surface but the additional moisture results in richer and more rapid growth, with hardwoods appearing in the later stages. 6. Pools are usually intermittent but regularly support marsh species. The margins have the normal rock series spreading from the pool and Cyperaceae predominate among the soil builders in the water or mud. Late stages are dominated first by mesophytic shrubs and later by hardwoods. 7. Margins are irregular. Where seepage occurs there may be small boggy areas dominated by Sphagnum. Dry margins are usually fixed and rarely show evidence of migration upon the rocks. Shaded margins, protected from washing, produce a distinctive pioneer community upon the debris which accumulates. Entodon is the dominant. 8. The exposures must owe their origin to factors which caused the fall line. Considering the time since this line was formed and the rate of plant succession, it is proposed that the rocks were once entirely covered although probably not so richly forested as the surrounding country. The activities of man resulted in repeated fires and erosion which again uncovered the rock, and today drought, wind-throw, and fire undoubtedly maintain them in their semi-barren condition.
More than just warriors: Mythical and archetypal images of the hero in Swahili literature

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Since ancient time until today, the image of the hero has influenced literary works universally. The “hero” becomes mythical only after his death, and through forms of remembrance that can be realized in other literary productions in which his figure is re-create and transmitted through fictitious characters. The central focus of my paper is to examine, within archetypal theories on myth and “hero”, the great figures of two Swahili warriors, namelyLiongo Fumo, one of the greatest warrior-hero figures of the Swahili oral tradition, and the chief Mkwawa of the Hehe people, who fought against the German rule in the former Tanganyka, whose deeds have been reinvented and described in modern written literature. Both Liongo Fumo and Mkwawa have acquired the status of mythical warriors, and as other East African heroes, they inspired poets and writers becoming symbols of bravery and national consciousness to which the historical and cultural memory of old and new generations refer. Despite the importance given to the figure of the two great heroes, part of my work has been dedicated to the presentation of those who can be defined as ‘minor heroes’, who nevertheless represent a way of generational change to look at literature as to a bridge that combines tradition and modernity through historical and mythical memory.