jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Correlation Analysis of Four Blood Coagulation Items with Blood Lipids and Blood Glucose in Stroke Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the four blood coagulation items and blood glucose and blood lipids in stroke patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods: According to whether they had type 2 diabetes, 134 stroke patients were divided into the observation group (n = 62) with stroke and type 2 diabetes and the control group without type 2 diabetes (n = 72), and the blood coagulation of each group was compared.Results: There was no significant difference in the four coagulation items between the two groups of patients, and hyperglycemia did not seem to have a significant effect on this.Conclusion: The coagulation changes in stroke patients may be greatly affected by the acute onset of stroke, and the impact of type 2 diabetes may be chronic and insignificant.
Adequacy analysis of electric power systems with wind and solar power stations

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

We developed a new method of adequacy analysis of electric power systems with wind and solar power stations. There are storage batteries in the electric power system. Various types of storage batteries can be used in electric power systems. They are electrochemical, hydroelectric, heat or air storages. The modelling of wind speed and solar radiation is based on software «Local analysis of environmental parameters and solar radiation». The original combination of modern models of meteorological data processing is used in the software. For adequacy analysis of electric power system, we use nonsingle estimation of electricity sacrifice in random hour. Simulation of random values is carried out by the Monte Carlo method.
The Structure of Sister Minichromosome DNA Before Anaphase in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The role of DNA topology in holding sister chromatids together before anaphase was investigated by analyzing the structure of a small circular minichromosome in cell cycle (cdc) mutants of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae . In the majority of cells arrested after S phase but before anaphase, sister minichromosome molecules are not topologically interlocked with each other. The analysis of the ploidy of minichromosomes in cells that are released from arrest demonstrates that the sister molecules are properly segregated when the cell cycle block is removed. Therefore, sister minichromosome molecules need not remain topologically interlocked until anaphase in order to be properly segregated, and topological interlocking of sister DNA molecules apparently is not the primary force holding sister chromatids together.
Oral Healthcare Practices and Awareness among the Parents of Autism Spectrum Disorder Children: A Multi-Center Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of the parents of autistic children toward oral health and the practice of oral hygiene habits. A questionnaire was constructed, validated, and distributed to the parents of autistic children at different autistic centers. The questionnaire was divided into three parts: demographic information on the parents of autistic children, the knowledge and attitudes of parents toward oral health, and the practice of oral hygiene habits in the current population. A total of 206 responses were collected. Irrespective of the parents’ educational and employment statuses, most second children were diagnosed with autism, and most of the parents have four or more children. In terms of knowledge and attitudes toward oral health, a total of 90.30% of the patients were aware of the oral healthcare of their child, and 55.80% of parents take them to the dentist for checkups. Moreover, the response to the practice of oral hygiene habits from the parents was positive, and most of the parents assist in the oral hygiene practices of their autistic children. This study showed that most of the parents appeared to have satisfactory knowledge about oral health practices for autistic children. However, additional studies should also be conducted.
Treat All Families Equally?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Growing family complexity and diversity has increased uncertainty about family relationships and weakens the private safety net provided by families for their members. In order to respond to such uncertainty, it is necessary that the legal obligations of family members and the rules providing access to public benefits and safety nets are adapted to the diversity of family living arrangements. This chapter highlights challenges raised by the increasing informality and complexity of family living arrangements in ensuring that all children have equal access to the same level of social support. It discusses policy developments that can be adopted to ensure that parents of children in nontraditional family settings get access to social protections that fully suit their family living arrangements.
FILTERING TERMS FROM THE WEB FOR IMAGE ANNOTATIONS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose a novel automatic image annotation model by mining the web. In our approach, the terms or words appearing in the associated text are extracted and filtered as labels or annotations for the corresponding web images. Sure, much noise exists in those selected labels. In order to reduce the influence caused by the noisy labels, for each label or potential word, we improve web image-word relationships using Mixture Gaussian Distribution Model. By doing so, the relationships between words and images are re-weighted both in terms of sematic relevance and in terms of visual feature similarity. In fact, all the words associated to an image are not semantically independent. We use co-occurrences between two words to describe their semantic relevance. Thus, we further use a method, called Word Promotion, to co-enhance the weights of all the words associated to a given image based on their co-occurrences. Our experiments are conducted in several ways and the results show that our annotation method can achieve a satisfactory performance in respects of system scalability and sematic evolution.
Surface plasmon-based sensing

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This report presents a simplified model on the characterization of surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based refractive index sensor using spectral detection technique. The theoretical simulation uses a multi-layer Kretschmann configuration model which consists of prism, gold layer, linker layer, sample layer and buffer. Wavelength dependence of the materials has been included in the model. A better understanding of the effects from different parameters is essential for the sensor design and system optimization. The effects of the gold film, the linker and the sample are analyzed systematically by numerical simulation. The results show that for spectral detection, the optimal range of gold thickness is 40 nm to 50 nm and thickness for linker layer should be small within 1 nm to 20 nm. Thermal effect is also considered in the model by including the change of material thickness and dielectric constant due to thermal expansion. The results show that change in temperature will cause linear shift of resonance spectral. Based on the simplified model, the theoretical refractive index sensitivity of spectral detection can reach up to 1.5×10-5 refractive index unit (RIU) which agrees well with the experimental results.
Multi-spacecraft observations of near-relativistic electron events at different radial distances

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

With the launch of Solar Orbiter (SolO) on Feb. 10th 2020, a new era of multi-spacecraft solar energetic particles (SEP) observations has started. The unique orbit of the mission allows the observation of SEP events close to the Sun (<0.28 au), which can occasionally be compared to corresponding observations made by other spacecraft at 1au. Such multi-spacecraft observations of the same event at different radial distances provide an excellent opportunity to study the radial evolution of SEP events.In this study, we identify SEP events for which SolO and either Wind or STEREO-A had a small longitudinal separation (<15&#176;) between their magnetic foot-points at the Sun. For all SEP events that satisfy our selection criteria we determine the onset times and rise times as well as peak fluxes and peak values of the first-order anisotropy for electrons in the energy range from &#8764;50&#8722;85 keV. We compare the event parameters observed at the different spacecraft regarding their radial changes. In our sample we find strong event-to-event variations in the radial dependency of all derived event parameters. For the majority of events, the peak flux and the maximum value of the first-order anisotropy decrease with increasing radial distance to the Sun, while the rise time increases with radial distance in the majority of events. The derived onset delays observed between two spacecraft were found to be too long to be explained by ideal Parker spirals in multiple events.We present an overview of the most interesting observations and discuss the wide variability in the radial dependency of the event parameters analysed in this study.
Comparative Study on the Theoretical Development of Functions of Language with Reference to Bühler, Jakobson, and Halliday

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper attempts to describe and compare the functionalist explanations of the language of Bühler, Jakobson, and Halliday. These three functionalists are not the leading figures to propose the theory of functions of language, but their descriptions of the theoretical framework and the natural selection of language usages have proven to be more credible and therefore accepted by the linguistics community today. Since these functional insights are original conceptions, there have been significant theoretical developments, and there is now a large evidence base to authenticate the contemporary theoretical development. This study, thus, discusses the specific claims of the theoretical framework of the three functionalists, highlights their similarities, and differentiates major characteristics on the queries of how the functionalists explain their observations of functions of language and theory of language explain the multiplicity of language functions. This comparison has revealed that the functionalists initially have perceived the importance of an individual’s language as a social need and the ubiquity of these comparisons. The complexity of social comparisons presents a potentially fruitful explanation. Further, this paper recommends that explanations be considered for studying languages and other semiotic resources.
Overlooked Species Diversity and Distribution in the Antarctic Mite Genus Stereotydeus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the harsh Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems, invertebrates are currently confined to sparse and restricted ice free areas, where they have survived on multi-million-year timescales in refugia. The limited dispersal abilities of these invertebrate species, their specific habitat requirements, and the presence of geographical barriers can drastically reduce gene flow between populations, resulting in high genetic differentiation. On continental Antarctica, mites are one of the most diverse invertebrate groups. Recently, two new species of the free living prostigmatid mite genus Stereotydeus Berlese, 1901 were discovered, bringing the number of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic species of this genus up to 15, of which 7 occur along the coast of Victoria Land and in the Transantarctic Mountains. To examine the biodiversity of Stereotydeus spp., the present study combines phylogenetic, morphological and population genetic data of specimens collected from nine localities in Victoria Land. Genetically distinct intraspecific groups are spatially isolated in northern Victoria Land, while, for other species, the genetic haplogroups more often occur sympatrically in southern Victoria Land. We provide a new distribution map for the Stereotydeus species of Victoria Land, which will assist future decisions in matters of the protection and conservation of the unique Antarctic terrestrial fauna.
Simulation-optimization based real-time irrigation scheduling: A human-machine interactive method enhanced by data assimilation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Efficient irrigation scheduling is crucial for both improving crop production and saving irrigation water use in arid/semi-arid agricultural regions threatened by water shortage and soil salinity. However, irrigation scheduling optimization is hindered by the uncertainties of data and optimization model, and adopting the optimal irrigation scheduling is subject to farmers' acceptance. To effectively tackle these challenges, this paper presents a novel human-machine interactive framework for real-time irrigation scheduling (RIS). The developed modeling framework couples a simulation-optimization model, irrigation farmers, and a data assimilation procedure within the human-machine interactive framework for RIS. The proposed approach is capable of: 1) searching optimal irrigation scheduling through the simulation-optimization model; 2) making actual irrigation decisions based on farmers' experiences, knowledge, behaviors, or optimal solutions; and 3) updating soil water content based on the model simulations and real-time observations at each time period. The RIS is applied to a real-world case in a typical arid agricultural region of China. Based on the comparisons with historical irrigation records and a tradition simulation-optimization model, the proposed RIS can not only achieve higher economic benefit with less irrigation water allocation quotas, but also improve irrigation efficiency. This study contributes to the methodology by integrating computer model, real-time observations and farmers' experiences to optimization modeling framework for supporting sustainable irrigation water management.
Identification and Quantitative Assessment of Uremic Solutes as Inhibitors of Renal Organic Anion Transporters, OAT1 and OAT3

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

One of the characteristics of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the accumulation of uremic solutes in the plasma. Less is known about the effects of uremic solutes on transporters that may play critical roles in pharmacokinetics. We evaluated the effect of 72 uremic solutes on organic anion transporter 1 and 3 (OAT1 and OAT3) using a fluorescent probe substrate, 6-carboxyfluorescein. A total of 12 and 13 solutes were identified as inhibitors of OAT1 and OAT3, respectively. Several of them inhibited OAT1 or OAT3 at clinically relevant concentrations and reduced the transport of other OAT1/3 substrates in vitro. Review of clinical studies showed that the active secretion of most drugs that are known substrates of OAT1/3 deteriorated faster than the renal filtration in CKD. Collectively, these data suggest that through inhibition of OAT1 and OAT3, uremic solutes contribute to the decline in renal drug clearance in patients with CKD.
Comparison of the effects of compression plates and external fixators on early bone-healing.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We used two mechanically dissimilar devices, compression bone-plates and unilateral-frame external fixators, in a standard canine osteotomy model; both methods were highly successful in achieving mature bone union. Bone union was studied by histological, physiological, and biomechanical means. At 120 days after injury, union was biomechanically less mature on the external fixator side. These tibiae had less intracortical new-bone formation (p less than 0.01), more bone resorption (p less than 0.045), and more bone porosity (p less than 0.04) when compared with paired tibiae that had been treated with compression plates. This higher level of bone turnover on the external fixator side was accompanied by an increase in blood flow (measured by clearance of 85Sr) (p less than 0.04). At the osteotomy site, pre-experimental or unlabeled bone and porosity were greater on the external fixator side and endosteal new-bone formation was greater on the plated side. Since the in vitro stiffness of the external fixator was less in all modes tested (compression, distraction, torsion, and anteroposterior bending) except lateral bending, it may be that the rigidity of the fixation is an important factor in early bone-remodeling of a healing osteotomy.
Formulation and In-Vitro evaluation of Nortriptyline Hydrochloride mucoadhesive buccal films

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This contemporaneous research was aimed to formulate buccal mucoadhesive DDS to enhance bioavailability and avoid pre systemic metabolism. The mucoadhesive film was fabricated by solvent casting method with base polymer chitosan and a combination of hydrophilic polymer like PVP or Gelatin. The films were then evaluated. All the formulations were found to have optimum strength to withstand folding endurance. The films' consistent size, thickness, and weight variation were discovered. The drug content uniformity of films was exceptionally well. Given that the film's surface pH falls between 6.6 and 6.7, buccal administration is appropriate for it. The pH near to the neutral region decreases the chances of mucosal irritation. The invitro adhesion ability of the formulations were affected by the composition of chitosan and PVP or Gelatin. The lower and higher concentration of chitosan was not sufficient for invitro adhesion of films. The formulation having chitosan and hydrophilic polymers in the ratio 1:1.5 showed strong invitro adhesion. The invitro bioadhesion time of the formulations containing chitosan and gelatin or PVP was less due to poor ionization of gelatin. On increasing the concentration of hydrophilic polymers, the invitro bioadhesion time increased. The highest concentration of the polymers decreased the adhesion time. The formulation NF5 with chitosan and gelatin within the proportion of 1:1.5 exhibited drug release of 98.1% at 6 hours. The sole purpose of this work is to adhere the buccal film with the mucosa, hence formulation NF5 was selected as best formulation. Thus, current investigation's goal to develop a buccal mucoadhesive drug delivery was fulfilled. Keywords: Buccal film, Nortriptyline HCl, depression, in vitro studies, mucoadhesive
Genetic differences in serum cholesterol in chickens

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Studies were conducted on the underlying mechanism for differences in serum cholesterol in two lines of chickens. The serum level of free and combined cholesterol was higher in the high line than the low line; no significant differences were observed in the serum level of fatty acids or phospholipids. The lines did not differ in the weights of several organs or in the cholesterol level of the adrenal, liver, brain, or testis. The high line had a higher serum cholesterol level than the low line, from hatching to 16 weeks of age. The lines did not differ in their response to fasting, which makes it improbable that a dietary influence accounts for the line differences. They responded similarly to injections of testosterone, estrogens, cortisone, or thyroxin.
The potential benefit of trastuzumab-based therapy upon lapatinib progression in heavily preatreated patients with advanced HER2 positive breast cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

e11576 Background: Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) occurring in about 20% of breast cancers is associated with increased risk of disease recurrence and worse prognosis. Despite the advent of therapies that target HER2, particularly, trastuzumab and lapatinib, that have altered the natural course of HER2-positive advanced breast cancer, tumor progression remains inevitable. New agents are in clinical development, but up to date there are limited data to direct the treatment of patients after lapatinib progression. Methods: We retrospectively searched for HER2-positive advanced breast cancer patients treated at our clinic, who received both trastuzumab-based therapy and lapatinib upon trastuzumab-progression in the metastatic setting. Thirty patients, all female, suffering from HER2-positive advanced breast cancer were identified. HER-2 positivity was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC 3+) or chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH+). Results: Of the 30 patients, 83.3% had invasive ductal carcinoma; 60% had positive hormone receptor status, and 80% grade 3 tumours. Half of the patients received adjuvant trastuzumab. Median age was 57 years, range 37-79 years. 36.6% were switched to lapatinib after a median of three (range 2-6 lines) trastuzumab-based treatment lines. In 8 pts (37.5%) trastuzumab was re-started after lapatinib progression. In 7 of these patients, trastuzumab was combined with chemotherapy. Median progression free survival and overall survival in these patients was 4.75 and 8.87 months respectively. 3 patients received bevacizumab-based therapy upon lapatinib failure. Conclusions: Trastuzumab rechallenge after lapatinib progression may be active in a subgroup of heavily pre-treated patients. Clinical benefit of this strategy has to be balanced especially in limited resource settings with unavailability of novel agents or early phase clinical trials. As of now, there is no uniform accepted standard to define the optimal treatment approach of patients upon lapatinib progression showing the real need for new therapies in this population.
Radiation risk management at DOE accelerator facilities

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The DOE accelerator contractors have been discussing among themselves and with the Department how to improve radiation safety risk management. This activity-how to assure prevention of unplanned high exposures-is separate from normal exposure management, which historically has been quite successful. The ad-hoc Committee on the Accelerator Safety Order and Guidance [CASOG], formed by the Accelerator Section of the HPS, has proposed a risk- based approach, which will be discussed. Concepts involved are risk quantification and comparison (including with non-radiation risk), passive and active (reacting) protection systems, and probabilistic analysis. Different models of risk management will be presented, and the changing regulatory environment will also be discussed..