jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comparing the Anxiety Types of Children with and without Stuttering Through a Self-Report Method: A Descriptive Study

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the anxiety types of school-age children with and without stuttering based on self-report. A further aim was to examine the possible relationships between anxiety levels and stuttering characteristics in children with stuttering. Material and Methods: The participants included 25 children who stutter aged between 9-12 years (mean age=115.64±9.8 months; 22 boys, 3 girls) and 25 age- and gender- matched children who did not stutter (mean age=116.52±10.3 months; 22 boys, 3 girls). The children's anxiety types were examined with the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale Child Version. The Stuttering Severity Instrument- 4-TR was used to evaluate the stuttering characteristics of children with stuttering. Results: There was no significant difference between the separation anxiety, fear of physical injury, generalized anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, and panic disorder-agoraphobia sub-factor scores of the children with and without stuttering. However, the social phobia (Mann-Whitney U test; p=0.008; effect size: 0.75) and the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale total scores (independent samples t-test; p=0.009; effect size: 0.77) of the children with stuttering were significantly higher than for children without stuttering. Conclusion: It is thought that the knowledge of speech and language therapists about different types of anxiety may help them to better understand the individual's stuttering. Thus, anxiety levels should be checked during routine stuttering assessments.
Utility of newly developed short‐type double‐balloon endoscopy for endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in postoperative patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background and Aim The utility of conventional short‐type double‐balloon endoscopy (DBE) for pancreatobiliary disease in patients with postoperative anatomy had been widely acknowledged and accepted. However, some technical difficulties yet remained. In an attempt to solve these problems, the new short‐type DBE (N‐short DBE) was uniquely designed for therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) in postoperative patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of N‐short DBE for ERC in postoperative patients. Methods From August 2015 to April 2016, ERC using N‐short DBE (DB‐ERC) was performed in 100 postoperative patients (112 procedures). We retrospectively studied the success rate of reaching the blind end, the median time to reach the blind end, the diagnostic success rate, the therapeutic success rate, the median time to complete ERC‐related interventions, the overall success rate, the median time to complete DB‐ERC, and adverse events. Results The success rate of reaching the blind end was 99.1%. The median time to reach the blind end was 10 min (interquartile range [IQR], 6–19 min). The diagnostic success rate was 98.2%. The therapeutic success rate was 100%. The median time to complete ERC‐related interventions was 36 min (IQR, 22–62 min). The overall DB‐ERC success rate was 97.3%. The median time to complete DB‐ERC was 54 min (IQR, 37–73 min). The occurrence of adverse events was 2.7%. Conclusions The N‐short DBE for ERC in postoperative patients is useful and safe. DB‐ERC is promising therapeutic modality in such patients and should be selected as the first‐line policy.
Organophosphate Pesticides Overexposure on Children Working and Living in an Agricultural Area in Brazil

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

P-350 Introduction: Considerable efforts have to be made to evaluate impact of pesticides exposure on health of children working on or living near agricultural areas. This work aimed the assessment of epidemiological and biological monitoring data to evaluate pesticides exposure in a group of children directly involved with working activities in the field at an agricultural community in Brazil. Methods: A group of 73 children, age 13,65 ± 2,36 (mean ± s.d), under multiple exposure to pesticides, including organophosphates methamidophos, methyl parathion and fenitrothion, were selected at this study. Plasma and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activities were measured using EQM testmate kit. Blood cholinesterase levels were dichotomized into low and normal categories for statistical analyses, which was performed using bivariate and multivariate models (student’s t-test, linear and logistic regression). Urinary p-nitrophenol and p-aminophenol levels were analysed by an HPLC method developed and validated in our laboratory. Urine and blood samples were obtained by the same time, in the morning after one usual spraying shift. Interviews were also performed to assess important occupational exposure variables and to investigate possible associations between biological monitoring and epidemiological data. Results: In relation to erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase, our results showed significant associations in the low category group as compared to the normal category group in the following situations: 1- Activity of applying or mixing pesticides (OR=2.33 - 95% CI =1.13–4.44) and 2- More than 6 hours work shift spraying pesticides OR=3.67 (1.79–6.32). Results from plasma cholinesterase activity showed significant associations with: 1- No protective measures to mix pesticides formulations OR=4.24 (1.62–7.87); 2- More than 6 hours work shift spraying pesticides OR=2.88 (1.08–5.49) and 3- Skin contact with pesticides while applying formulations on crop OR=2.48 (1.39–8.43). Urinary analyses of p-nitrophenol and p-aminophenol (respective ending products from methyl parathion and fenitrothion metabolism) from 12 urine samples showed significant detection levels of p-nitrophenol, which was significantly correlated with lower levels of cholinesterases. Conclusion: Evaluation of organophosphate pesticides overexposure has to be determined with as many sensitive indicators as possible to assess an actual profile of health status of exposed individuals. Children overexposure to pesticides becomes a major threat in rural communities as they are disproportionally exposed in comparison to adults due to their great intake of food, water and air per unit of body weight, and different metabolism rates. More studies and public health policies have to address the minimization of impact of pesticides exposure on health of children working in agriculture.
[A case report of Konno procedure for Ebstein's anomaly with subaortic stenosis after Hardy procedure and repair of coarctation and VSD].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A rare case of Ebstein's anomaly with coarctation and VSD is reported. Severe subaortic stenosis and LV dysfunction were progressed after PA banding and coarctation repair at four months old and Hardy procedure and VSD closure at five month old. Konno procedure was successfully performed with SJM 21A at one year and nine months old. Since coarctation type VSD may cause subaortic stenosis after its closure due to posteriorly deviated infundibular septum, anterosuperior margin of VSD would occasionally better to be eliminated at the time of VSD closure. This is the youngest one of Konno procedure to our knowledge.
Assessing underlying realities of accounting's duality check by The Accounting Equation : A search for an augmented framework

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper explores a general validity of the prevalent Accounting Equation in determining the real wealth and accountability discharge through contemporary financial reporting. In so doing, an augmented accounting framework is developed in order to indicate the gaps that may arise in the accounting equation; which is inherent in the system if compared among different layers – sign to alleged to referent (Buarillard 1983, 1994; MacIntosh 2000, Ijiri 1986, and Mattessich 2003). We argue that this augmented framework will help in enhancing our understanding, at least at the level of pedagogy and for corporate governance and discharging social responsibility, about the missing elements and the nature of financial reporting including the determination of fair values and therefore, reduce the blaming games of maintaining objectivity and neutrality about information provision for an augmented reality of wealth (economic or otherwise) for an entity.
Incremental, transitional and transformational adaptation to climate change in resource extraction regions

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Non-technical summary Mining regions are affected by climate change. Supplies of energy and water are required, and operations become hazardous during adverse weather events. Adapting to climate change takes three forms: incrementally improving the resilience of mining operations; transitioning to more inclusive governance through institutional and policy innovations; and more profound transformations that shift the balance of power, including profit-sharing, localized control or cessation of mining entirely. Clarifying adaptation pathways helps to identify priorities and inform policies for a fairer and more sustainable future for mining and the regions where it takes place.
Interpersonal motor coordination

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Here, we propose that bidirectionality in implicit motor coordination between humanoid robots and humans could enhance the social competence of human–robot interactions. We first detail some questions pertaining to human–robot interactions, introducing the Uncanny Valley hypothesis. After introducing a framework pertinent for the understanding of natural social interactions, motor resonance, we examine two behaviors derived from this framework: motor coordination, investigated in and informative about human–human interaction, and motor interference, which demonstrate the relevance of the motor resonance framework to describe human perception of humanoid robots. These two lines of investigation are then put together to “close the loop” by proposing to implement a key feature of motor coordination, bidirectionality, in robots’ behavior. Finally, we discuss the feasibility of implementing motor coordination between humanoid robots and humans, and the consequences of this implementation in enhancing the social competence of robots interacting with humans. Keywords: interpersonal interaction, motor resonance, motor coordination, motor interference, social robotics, anthropomorphism
Identification of novel implantation-related genes in the ovine uterus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The peri-implantation period in mammals is critical with respect to survival of\nthe conceptus and establishment of pregnancy. During this period of pregnancy,\nreciprocal communication between ovary, conceptus, and endometrium is required for\nsuccessful implantation and placentation. Therefore, studies were conducted to indentify\nand characterize novel endometrial genes important for implantation and conceptus\ndevelopment in the ovine uterus.\nThe first and second studies defined the uterine expression of seven members of\nthe cathepsin (CTS) family of lysosomal proteases, and a secreted inhibitor of CTSL\ncalled cystatin C (CST3) during the peri-implantation period. In addition, regulation of\nCTS and CST3 by progesterone (P4) and interferon tau (IFNT) was evaluated. CTSL\nwas the most abundant CTS in the ovine ovine uterus and was also coordinately\nexpressed with CST3 in the endometrial epithelia and conceptus trophectoderm. CTSL\nand CST3 were found to be novel P4-induced and IFNT-stimulated genes in the luminal\nepithelial cells of the ovine endometrium.\nThe third study identified radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2\n(RSAD2) and interferon-induced with helicase C domain 1 (IFIH1) in the ovine uterus.\nResults of this study indicated that IFNT induces RSAD2 and IFIH1 in a P4-independent\nmanner in the stroma, immune cells, and glands of the ovine endometrium. These two\ngenes are proposed to have biological roles in the establishment of uterine receptivity to\nthe conceptus during implantation.\nThe fourth study characterized endometrial expression of stanniocalcins (STC)\nduring pregnancy. STC1 appeared in the endometrial glands on Day 18 of pregnancy, increased from Days 18 to 80, and remained abundant through Day 120 of gestation. In\naddition, this study demonstrated that STC1 is induced by P4 and increased by placental\nhormones, such as placental lactogen (CSH1) and growth hormone (GH), in the ovine\nendometrial glands.\nCollectively, these studies identified genes that are expected to be critical to\nunraveling the mechanism(s) of reciprocal fetal-maternal interactions required for\nsuccessful implantation and pregnancy. A more complete understanding of these genes\nwill be important for developing therapeutic strategies to prevent, treat and/or diagnose\ninfertility in domestic animals and humans, because they are biomarkers of P4 and/or\nIFN effects.
Factors propelling use of Islamic Banking Services: The moderating role of Customer Intimacy

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study investigates factors propelling use of Islamic banking products and services. The present study develops an amalgamated model with the help of cognitive and emotional factors to investigate customer satisfaction and loyalty towards use of Islamic banking services. Data was collected from Islamic banking customers and empirically tested using structural equation modelling (SEM). Findings reveal that customer satisfaction was jointly predicted by awareness, reputation, compatibility, complexity, trust and commitment and explained R2 78.7% variance in Islamic banking customer satisfaction. On the flipside customer loyalty was predicted by customer satisfaction and customer intimacy and depicted R2 20.6% variance in customer loyalty. Extending to this, the present study confirmed the moderating role of customer intimacy wherein positive relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty will be stronger when customer intimacy is higher. Finally, research limitations and future research direction are discussed.
Circumileostomy Skin Difficulties

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A total of 597 replies were received from a questionnaire survey made in Great Britain. Together with a group previously received from the United States, this gives a total of 1,048 ileostomy patients from which the material for this paper was taken. Eighty-two per cent of those replying from Great Britain reported skin difficulty of varying degree in the circumileostomy area; 76% of the group from the United States reported circumileostomy difficulty. The two groups were similar in many respects. The primary cause of skin irritation was leakage of intestinal fluid on unprotected skin. Various devices for collecting the fluid have been used but a completely satisfactory appliance unit has yet to be found. A particular problem was the necessity of cementing the appliance to the abdominal wall. A nonirritating, long lasting, cosmetically suitable cement is needed. The treatment of recurrent skin difficulty was mainly that of acute or chronic dermatitis. Karaya gum powder was used to provide a temporary adhesive while weeping, painful dermatitis was healing. Patients learn by experience and pass information on to newer ileostomy patients through ileostomy clubs. The problem of skin difficulty in the circumileostomy area continues to be of major interest in the postsurgical patient.1,2In previous publications3,4we have reported on the prevalence and characteristics of circumileostomy irritation in a total of 451 patients located in the United States. The purpose of this report is to tabulate the results of a survey conducted among ileostomy patients in Great Britain. The number of patients reporting from Great Britain was 597. Whenever applicable, the totals of the two surveys were combined, giving a sum total of 1,048 patients for analysis.
The structure of classical swine fever virus Npro: a novel cysteine autoprotease and zinc-binding protein involved in subversion of type I interferon induction. PLoS Pathog. 9: e1003704. [Medline] [CrossRef

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Pestiviruses express their genome as a single polypeptide that is subsequently cleaved into individual proteins by host- and virus-encoded proteases. The pestivirus N-terminal protease (Npro) is a cysteine autoprotease that cleaves between its own C-terminus and the N-terminus of the core protein. Due to its unique sequence and catalytic site, it forms its own cysteine protease family C53. After self-cleavage, Npro is no longer active as a protease. The released Npro suppresses the induction of the host’s type-I interferon-a/b (IFN-a/b) response. Npro binds interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF3), the key transcriptional activator of IFN-a/b genes, and promotes degradation of IRF3 by the proteasome, thus preventing induction of the IFN-a/b response to pestivirus infection. Here we report the crystal structures of pestivirus Npro. Npro is structurally distinct from other known cysteine proteases and has a novel ‘‘clam shell’ ’ fold consisting of a protease domain and a zinc-binding domain. The unique fold of Npro allows auto-catalysis at its C-terminus and subsequently conceals the cleavage site in the active site of the protease. Although many viruses interfere with type I IFN induction by targeting the IRF3 pathway, little information is available regarding structure or mechanism of action of viral proteins that interact with IRF3. The distribution of amino acids on the surface of Npro involved in targeting IRF3 for proteasomal degradation provides insight into the nature of Npro’s interaction with IRF3. The structures thus establish the mechanism of auto-catalysis and subsequent auto-
Who Really Voted for President Obama in 2008 and 2012?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The authors use simple bilinear regression on statewide exit poll data to gauge the popularity of President Barack Obama in election years 2008 and 2012 among voters in four age groups (18 to 29 year-olds; 30 to 44 year-olds; 45 to 64 year-olds; and voters 65 and older) and three income groups (under $50,000; $50,000 to $100,000; and voters earning more than $100,000). While there was little change in his popularity among voters in all age groups, Obama’s popularity with the poorest group of voters (those earning less than $50,000) took a noticeable hit in 2012.
Dieulafoy lesions causing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Since the description of Dieulafoy lesions, its' definition has broadened and now represents an acute process that occurs in adult and paediatric patients, with intra-gastric and extra-gastric locations. There are also multiple advancements in the non-operative management of such lesions. Prompt diagnosis and management is required for improved outcomes. Management is mainly dependent on the haemodynamic status of the patient and location of the lesion. Endoscopic diagnosis and the multiple endoscopic treatment options now available have made operative intervention less frequent. However, there are no current management guidelines for DLs in the paediatric population. We look at two patients in two Johannesburg tertiary institutions that presented with gastric and duodenal Dieulafoy lesions and the treatment strategies applied. One patient was managed successfully with haemostatic endo-clips. The other patient was initially managed with endoscopic adrenaline injections at four quadrants but later required a partial gastrectomy. Keywords: Dieulafoy lesion, Endoscopy, Paediatric, Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Cuando la política no toma las cosas en serio La efervescencia de la criminalidad y sus causas

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The author analyzes the reality of the criminal matter and exposes his certainty that there is a relational process in the genesis of criminality caused by the effect of the structures and the functioning of economic power in human interaction, which stimulates personal factors for acting negatively; a situation that is not handled by the absent State and dwarfed by neoliberalism which hampers both - individual and society - from seeing the criminal matter through scientific knowledge and building an effective criminological policy assuming, on the contrary, a purely repressive penal policy, that constitutes a comprehensive security criminal policy , of confrontation, not of convergence and cooperation.
A Hermeneutical Exploration of Gender Perceptions Inherent in Some Selected ChiShona Poetry Texts Prescribed for Ordinary-Level Secondary School Learners in Zimbabwe

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Barton and Sakwa (2012) articulate the role of texts in socializing learners. They identify textbooks as one of the major agents for transmitting social values and attitudes within the school setting. In relation to this, they argue that 'curriculum design and the textbooks are the most overt areas where gender bias can be detected and where schools tend to present students with masculine and feminine roles that reflect the past rather than the present or the future' (Barton and Sakwa, 2012:175). This resonates with Bourdieu in Haralambos and Holborn (1995:757) who proffers that '[t]he major role of education is cultural reproduction where the dominant group imposes meanings and imposes them as legitimate.' Thus, the patriarchal perceptions on gender are imposed and made legitimate through educational materials such as the prescribed poetry texts which are the focus of discussion in this chapter. Barton and Sakwa (2012) also draw attention to the authoritative status that schools accord to textbooks. They aver that 'textbooks in particular which are presented to students as preferred and authoritative source of knowledge play a key role in shaping the students' images of the social world and its actors' (Barton and Sakwa, 2012:175). They are also very particular regarding the role of textbooks in gender socialization. Drawing insights from the social learning theory, this chapter focuses on exploring the future gender status through the kind of gender messages that the ChiShona poetry genre presents to the secondary school learners. The present chapter explores how poetry which is studied at secondary school in Zimbabwe plays a pivotal role in shaping gender relations among the learners. This is informed by the inalienable fact that educational institutions and the content covered in the curriculum are an influential medium of socialization. As such, this chapter seeks to respond to two major questions: How is gender represented in the selected poetry anthologies? And what is the resultant effect of the gender representation with regard to the future of gender relations among the Shona people? The analysis presented in this chapter is based on purposively sampled eight poems from the two poetry anthologies, namely: Masocha (1996) Nhaka Yenhetembo (Poetry Heritage) and College Press (1994) Tipeiwo Dariro: Mazwi Matsva Munhetembo (Give us a Platform: The new Voices). In terms of the methodology, the chapter employed qualitative content and discourse analysis.