jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
IMPACT EVALUATION OF INDONESIA'S JAMKESMAS PROGRAM ON OUT-OF-POCKET AND CATASTROPHIC HEALTH SPENDING: A PROPENSITY SCORE MATCHING APPROACH

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This paper examines the impact of the Jamkesmas program on the out-of-pocket (OOP) and catastrophic health spending. Jamkesmas is currently the largest social health insurance scheme in Indonesia covering 76.4 million poor and near-poor. Evaluation of this program is important to support the health policy in Indonesia and to achieve universal health insurance coverage by 2019. One of the objectives of Jamkesmas is to give financial protection, measured by OOP health spending, to the poor and near-poor. Using propensity score matching, the study finds that Jamkesmas targeting performance has a pro-poor pattern, even though there are some leakages to the non-poor. The paper also finds that Jamkesmas increases OOP in both urban and rural areas with larger increase in urban areas. Finally, the paper identifies that catastrophic health spending also increases in general, but decreases in Sulawesi and Sumatra regions.
Basic Management Functions in Culture and Arts Organisations

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In the last fifty years management has become a significant factor in the development of sectors that have no profit characteristics. The culture and arts organisations are aware of the need for management. However, various specific aspects of the artistic practice are the key issue regarding the implementation of management in culture and arts. The main problem in obtaining positive outcomes is the correct adjustment of management and art functions having in mind the relationship between the two. The management functions need to be implemented and applied in such a manner that art activities should not be compromised. Due to project orientation, lack of funding and environment changes, entrepreneurship has assumed a significant role in achieving the goals of culture and arts organisations. In less developed countries, the functions of management are not implemented in arts and culture to their full potential. One reason is the importance a given society assigns to arts and culture. Still, implementation of management is the fundamental assumption of faster development of artistic, organisational and technical modernization and financial stabilisation of culture and arts organisations.
Progeny Testing in Street Trees Subjected to Roadside Soil Pollution

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To investigate the relationship of the characteristics of offspring from selected individual urban trees to the fitness of the mother trees, seeds were collected in 1991 and 1992 from Acer platanoides (Norway maple), Aesculus hippocastanum (horsechestnut), and Betula pendula (silver birch) along streets in Oslo center, Norway. Half-sib families of A. platanoides, A. hippocastanum, and B. pendula, numbering 12, 12, and 6, respectively, were grown in the roadside soil or in peat for 2 years (1992 and 1993) with seeds collected the previous year. Seedlings grown in the roadside soil were 64% shorter than those grown in peat. Stunting in roadside soil was greatest in A. platanoides and least in B. pendula. In A. platanoides, a significant correlation between height of the seedlings and vigor of the mother trees was found in 1993 but not in 1992. In A, hippocastanum, a correlation was found in both years. Within A. hippocastanum, best vigor and growth were found in seedlings originating from mother trees with excellent vigor, suggesting a potential for selective tree improvement. B. pendula produced the most homogeneous seedlings. Leaf drop occurred earlier in seedlings grown in roadside soil than in peat.
Impact of different croplands on nutrient index, microbial diversity and soil quality

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the last two decades, the productivity of Rice-wheat cropping system in the upper Indo-Gangetic Plains of India has stagnated and now in a declining trend. As a result, farmers shifted to a different cropland grown systems so as to achieve a higher net productivity. This study aim to assess as how nutrient index (NI), microbial diversity and soil quality changed after replacement of rice-wheat by vegetable (VGS), pulse (PGS), potato (PoGS) and mustard (MGS) grown system. An analysis of 307 soil samples from various croplands revealed a soil pH range of 6.58-8.87 with 75.3% soils under low category of mineralized N (MN) resulting in its low NI (<1.67). The highest NI, enzymatic activity and microbial biodiversity was recorded under PGS, which restored 34.2, 24.1 and 10.2% greater SOC, carbon substrate oxidation rate and MN than PoGS, respectively. The diversity indices were the highest in PGS followed by VGS, but soil quality index was 0.783 (VGS), 0.771(PGS), 0.695 (WGS), 0.663 MGS), and 0.647 (PoGS). The silt content, SOC, Zn, total N, acid phosphatase activity (ACP), available P and total culturable fungi were the key soil indicators across the cropland grown systems. Among the cropland systems, silt content, SOC, total N and ACP were the main soil indicators for PGS, whereas, silt content, SOC, P and Zn were the ideal indicators for VGS that affected microbial dynamics and soil quality. Overall, it is concluded that PGS maintained higher nutrient index, microbial and functional diversity, but VGS improve greater soil quality.
Seasonal use of waterholes and pathways by macrofauna in the dry forest of Costa Rica

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Temporal and spatial scarcity of water in semi-arid and seasonal ecosystems often leads to changes in movements and behaviour of large vertebrates, and in the neotropics this dynamic is poorly understood due to logistical and methodological limitations. Here we used camera trapping to elucidate variation in patterns of seasonal use of waterholes and pathways by 10 large-mammal and four large-bird species in the dry forest of north-western Costa Rica. From 2011 to 2015, we deployed trail cameras at 50 locations, including waterholes and three types of pathway (roads, human trails and animal paths). We used Generalized Linear Models to evaluate the effect of location and seasonality on the rates at which independent photographs were taken. We found interacting effects of location and seasonality for the capuchin monkey ( Cebus capucinus ), the tiger heron ( Trigrisoma mexicanum ), the white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) and the tapir ( Tapirus bairdii ) suggesting that these species were the most influenced by waterholes during the dry season. Comparison of waterhole sites and specific types of pathways (roads, animal paths and human trails) showed that location influenced photo-capture rates of almost all species, suggesting a useful insight to avoid and account for bias in camera trap studies. Furthering our ecological understanding of seasonal water regimes and large vertebrates’ behaviours allow for better understanding of the consequences of climate change on them.
Dispersed spectrum sensing and scheduling in cognitive radio network based on SSOA‐RR

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Summary Wireless communication is an emerging technology in recent days which involves the transmission of data or information over a wide range of distance. The wireless network is capable of using the unlicensed spectrum for the transmission of data for various applications like medical, science, and industries. There are cases where the licensed spectrum is not utilized up to the level. In such cases, the cognitive radio network (CRN) technology allows cognitive devices to sense it and further enables the dynamic access of the scarce resource for proper utilization. However, the excessive number of bandwidth access may lead to the occurrence of interferences among the system. This is the major issue faced in all CRNs. To resolve this, effective band scheduling mechanism in CRN has been proposed. In this research, efficient spectrum sensing is performed using stochastic optimization algorithm called Salp Swarm Optimization Algorithm (SSOA). This SSOA algorithm utilizes the best fitness function through three phases such as leaving, contention and joining of bands and provides a list of nonacquired list of bands. From the list of bands, the best band with majority bandwidth has been selected using Round Robin (RR) Algorithm. Here, the load system is allotted dynamically. Based on the load factor, the spectrum is scheduled. As a matter of fact, the whole spectrum scheduling methodology depends primarily on the base contributions made by the operation of spectrum sensing. Finally, the performance analysis is estimated for the throughput, settling time, number of bands occupied by base station (BS), and the bands occupied by each BS. From the performance analysis, the proposed system attains better results than other conventional approaches.
Interaction between Trichoderma asperellum and Bacillus spp. in the biological control of disease in the soya bean

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT One of the main phytosanitary problems in major crops are phytonematodes, which are characterised as difficult to control. In view of this, biocontrol, through the use of biological agents, has become a driving force in controlling these pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the compatibility of microorganisms, and detect the possibility of antagonistic effects, influence on growth, or synergistic action when microorganisms are jointly applied to crops. Microbiological analyses were carried out to observe the interaction of the fungus Trichoderma asperellum with the bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus methylotrophicus. It was found that the interaction between the genera Bacillus and Trichoderma did not promote any increase in the fresh or dry weight of the roots or shoots of the soya plants; however, based on the results of the microbiological analysis of the fungi and bacteria, the interaction was found to be promising, particularly in the evaluation carried out on the seventh day. Considering the number of viable spores, the interaction between B. subtilis + T. asperellum showed better results than B. methylotrophicus + T. asperellum. The Interaction between the genera Bacillus and Trichoderma showed the potential for joint use in the biological control of the soya bean.
Iron(ΙΙΙ) Catalyzed Aerobic Cα−Cβ Cleavage of Allylic Alcohols

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The regiospecific C α −C β cleavage of allylic alcohols under modified aerobic Mukaiyama hydration conditions is presented. The new methodology can be regarded as an equivalent of a two‐step process, a typical hydration of the parent allylic alcohol followed by a 1,2‐diol cleavage. A broad scope of substrates, both cyclic and acyclic, are applicable, thus introducing substantial structural modification to the core, especially of the former type of substrates. Mechanistic investigation of the reaction reveals the importance of the nearby hydroxyl group for the deviation from the typical Mukaiyama hydration pathway.
Comparative study on the effect of diffuser and semi-diffuser on energy loss for centrifugal pump

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Semi-diffusers are commonly employed for the compressor, but seldom for the pump. There is little research on the use of semi-diffusers for the pump and the effects of semi-diffusers have not been revealed. Entropy generation theory is for examining the effect of semi-diffusers on the energy loss characteristics of the pump in this paper. The findings demonstrate that semi-diffusers have a small impact on the entropy generation of semi-diffusers and impellers, but it can significantly reduce the energy losses of the volute as opposed to the diffusers. This is due to end clearance. End clearance increases the fluidity of the fluid between flow passage components. The ability of a semi-diffuser to reduce energy loss gradually increases as the flow rate increases. The semi-diffuser, relative to the diffuser, reduces the energy loss by a maximum of 1.1% under a low flow rate, by a maximum of 19.9% under a design flow rate, and by a maximum of 41.2% under a large flow rate.
Muscle glutamine production in diabetic ketoacidotic rats

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The mechanism of activation of glutamine production by the hindlimb during diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) was investigated in rats. Muscle glutamine production was estimated to account for over 90% of the total glutamine produced by the hindlimb. DKA produced significant increases in the concentrations of NH4+ and IMP in hindlimb muscles, suggesting that AMP deaminase is activated by DKA. NH4Cl- and HCl-induced acidosis did not produce these changes, indicating either that acidosis itself is not the stimulus for increased AMP deaminase activity or that the more severe degree of acidosis accompanying DKA is necessary for activation. Muscle glutamine concentrations were depressed in DKA. Experiments with isolated epitrochlearis muscle showed that the transport and permeability properties of the muscle cells (as judged by uptake and release of alpha-aminoisobutyrate and glutamine) were not altered by DKA. However, glutamine uptake by muscle cells was significantly inhibited by L-leucine, the concentration of which, along with other branched-chain amino acids, is markedly elevated in DKA.
Mortality of Enterococcal Bacteremia: Are Inappropriately Treated Cases Associated with Higher Mortality?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

2test was used to determine risk factors for death and comparisons of appropriate therapy versus inappropriate therapy. A multivariate logistic regression model (EPI INFO and STAT ADV computerized package of CDC and Postgraduate Medical School) was also used. Of 101 patients with enterococcal bacteremias, 40 died (39.9%). Predictors for inferior outcome identie ed in univariate analysis were 2 or more positive blood cultures ( pB0.0061), burns or decubital ulcer as underlying diseases ( pB0.004). The latter was the only predictor of death also in multivariate analysis ( pB 0.0006, OR 5.07 Cl (1.4‐ 18 5)). Surprisingly neutropenia and vascular catheters seemed to be protective in univariate analysis (pB0.0475 and pB0.0417, respectively). In multivariate analysis neutropenia was found to be signie cantly ( pB0.007) corrected to a lower mortality probably because of the use of early empirical therapy in neutropenia patients. In this subgroup of patients, death was 3.48 times less likely than in enterococcal bacteremia in non-neutropenic patients. We performed another univariate analysis comparing those who were appropriately treated ( nae81) versus inappropriately treated ( nae20, 19.9%) for enterococcal bacteremia. Both groups were comparable except in 6 of 36 risk factors. Only endocarditis ( pB0.0026) and 2 positive blood cultures (pB0.0267) were more frequently observed in inappropriately treated patients. Appropriate treatment was signie cantly more common in patients with cancer ( pB0.0165) and cytotoxic chemotherapy ( pB0.0147). In summary both analyses showed, that inappropriate therapy (either late therapy of drugs ineffective against enterococci) were associated with higher mortality, in patients with febrile neutropenia, fungaemia and endocarditis (1‐ 3). Vancomycin or other antibiotic resistance in enterococci was however, not associated with higher mortality.
Pengaruh Ulasan Produk Dan Kepercayaan Konsumen Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Pada Marketplace Shopee

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In an increasingly fierce marketplace competition, purchase decisions are influenced by product reviews and consumer trust. This study aims to analyze the influence of product reviews and consumer trust on purchase decisions on the Shopee marketplace. With a quantitative approach sourced from data from 50 respondents, shopee users are active and have shopped by looking at product reviews and testing with multiple linear regression. The results showed that product reviews had no significant effect on the purchase decision with a t-count score (0.459 < 2.012) and a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, so that HO1 was accepted, Ha1 was rejected. while consumer confidence had a significant effect on purchase decisions with a t-count score (6.795 > 2.012) and a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, thus, HO2 was rejected, Ha2 was accepted. In addition, simultaneously product reviews and consumer trust affect purchase decisions on Shopee with a value of f calculated (25,737 > 3.20). This finding states that the importance of consumer trust in a decision-making, Shopee also needs to increase consumer trust through original and informative reviews, as well as highlighting quality reviews with photos or videos.
Distal and Local Group Learning: Performance Trade-offs and Tensions

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

There is increasing recognition that group members learn not only within the group (i.e., local learning), but also externally (i.e., distal learning), and these two group learning processes may facilitate group performance in different ways. Yet, despite this recognition, there is much that is not understood about whether they complement or inhibit each other in affecting group performance, and whether group social and task conditions that foster one type of learning do so at the expense of the other. The findings from this field study of teams from four firms show that (1) local learning and distal learning are positively related to group efficiency and group innovativeness, respectively; (2) distal learning negatively interacts with local learning to impede group efficiency; and (3) high levels of group cohesion promote distal learning but diminish local learning. Overall, these findings suggest that there are not only performance trade-offs to engaging in either only local or distal learning, but also performance disadvantages to engaging in both types of group learning because distal learning impedes local learning from achieving a high level of group efficiency. In addition, there is preliminary evidence to suggest that tensions can arise from simultaneously managing both types of group learning because a high level of group cohesion increases distal learning but decreases local learning.
MEDICAL TREATMENT OF PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE: The Pharmacological Approach

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article MEDICAL TREATMENT OF PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE: The Pharmacological Approach Get access J.F. GOODWIN, M.D. M.R.C.P J.F. GOODWIN, M.D. M.R.C.P Professor and Lecturer Department of Medicine postgraduate Medical School of London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar British Medical Bulletin, Volume 8, Issue 4, 1952, Pages 371–374, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a074205 Published: 01 April 1952
Energy Performance Assessment of the High Insulated Panels Green Home

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

More recently, studies on the building energy reduction technology are actively in progress. However, total energy performance assessment is still insufficient. This study analyzed the performance of developed element technologies with monitoring system. Also, it analyzed the effects of convergence application regarding the constructed test bed building for the performance demonstration test. According to results of energy usage analysis, it is assumed that the insulation effect of the HIP (high insulated panels) green home is remarkable.
Relationship between the morphology of Candida cells and vaginal discharge.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to detect whether there is a correlation between the dimorphic pattern of Candida cells and various types of vaginal discharge. For this purpose, 2861 Papanicolaoustained cervicovaginal smears were examined cytologically and 265 of 2861 (9.26%) were diagnosed as having Candida cells. The 88 of 295 (29.83%) were identified as having blastospores only, 135 of 295 (45.76%) as having "hyphae only", and 47 of 295 (15.93%) as having both blastospores and hyphae of candida cells. There was a significant correlation between the type of candida cells and vaginal discharge (p < 0.05). The white-cheesy type vaginal discharge was the most prominent symptom for the observation the "hyphae only" following "blastospores only" and both blastospores and hyphae of Candida cells. It was suggested that hyphael form of Candida cells is the most pathogenic pattern and white-cheesy vaginal discharge is a marker for the presence of hyphael form in the vaginal mucosa.
Asymptotic theory for partly linear models

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Consider the model , 1≤i≤n. Here x i = (x il ,…,x ip ) and t i are known and nonrandom design points, β=(β 1,…,β p ) is an unknown parameter, g(·) is an unknown function over R l, and V i is a class of linear processes. Based on g(·) estimated by nonparametric kernel estimation or approximated by a finite series expansion, the asymptotic normalities and the strong consistencies of the LS estimator of β and an estimator of are investigated.
Project VALOR: design and methods of a longitudinal registry of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in combat‐exposed Veterans in the Afghanistan and Iraqi military theaters of operations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Few studies have investigated the natural history of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Project VALOR (Veterans' After‐discharge Longitudinal Registry) was designed as a longitudinal patient registry assessing the course of combat‐related PTSD among 1600 male and female Veterans who served in Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) in Afghanistan or Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF). Aims of the study include investigating patterns and predictors of progression or remission of PTSD and treatment utilization. The study design was based on recommendations from the Agency for Healthcare Quality and Research for longitudinal disease registries and used a pre‐specified theoretical model to select the measurement domains for data collection and interpretation of forthcoming results. The registry will include 1200 male and female Veterans with a recent diagnosis of PTSD in the Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) electronic medical record and a comparison group of 400 Veterans without a medical record‐based PTSD diagnosis, to also allow for case‐control analyses. Data are collected from administrative databases, electronic medical records, a self‐administered questionnaire, and a semi‐structured diagnostic telephone interview. Project VALOR is a unique and timely registry study that will evaluate the clinical course of PTSD, psychosocial correlates, and health outcomes in a carefully selected cohort of returning OEF/OIF Veterans. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.