jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Assessing the nutrient cycling potential in agricultural soils using decision modelling

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

One of the essential functions that agricultural soils provide is nutrient cycling. The capacity of soils to provide this function is influenced by the interactions between soil properties, climate and management. Understanding these interactions can help in assessing the soil nutrient cycling potential on a field and in identifying best management options. To optimize this process, we developed a multi-attribute decision model using the DEXi modelling tool. The outputs from this model may be used to obtain recommendations for farmers and other stakeholders and assist them with the selection of management practices fostering the nutrient cycling potential of soils.
Nanotechnology approaches for Enhancement in Biohydrogen Production

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The rapid surge of renewable energy sources has been influenced by the high rate of energy consumption and the low sustainability of traditional energy sources. Being an excellent energy source, hydrogen does not leave any negative carbon footprint as it only produces water during the combustion process. It is carbon neutral which can be produced from a variety of waste feed stocks or biomass, making it the most efficient and environmentally friendly form of energy amid all biofuels. To meet the future hydrogen demand, biological processes like bacterial fermentation, are considered to be environmentally favourable option. Since biomass is abundant, cheap, and biodegradable it is considered profitable for biohydrogen production. Though photo-biological and dark fermentation methods are regarded as successful in generating biohydrogen, their lower yields pose significant challenges for its commercial production. Studies are being conducted to improve efficiency, and here is where nanomaterials come into play by influencing biological processes at the cellular level. They can act as catalysts speeding up the reactions that create hydrogen and making the process more sustainable. Owing to their distinct properties such as stability, crystalline nature, high ratio of surface to volume, adsorption ability, and increased electroconductivity significantly enhance hydrogen generation. In this paper, the applications of nanomaterials such as metals, metal alloys, metal oxides, nanocomposites, and inorganic nanoparticles to improve biohydrogen production have been studied.
Inactivation and Injury of Listeria monocytogenes in a Minimal Medium as Affected by Benzoic Acid and Incubation Temperature

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The population of Listeria monocytogenes in a minimal medium (lacking a nitrogen source) at pH 5.5 decreased logarithmically during incubation. Rate of death of the pathogen, indicated by D‐values, was greatly affected by changes in the temperature of incubation (4–35°C), but to a much lesser extent by the presence of benzoic acid (3000 ppm). Injury of L. monocytogenes during incubation was equally detectable on tryptose agar containing 6% salt and McBride Listeria Agar containing 0.5% lithium chloride. A greater degree of injury was detected at the lower than the higher temperatures of incubation, but presence of benzoic acid (3000 ppm) did not seem to affect the extent of injury.
Tissue expansion and follicular unit extraction hair restoration in rehabilitation of a severe postburn deformity of neck and beard region

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Thermal burns of the face and neck remain one of the most common accidental injuries in young adults. This leads to various sequelae including scar, contracture, and alopecia. The goal of management is to achieve a complete range of motion of neck movements and restore esthetic appearance. Many reconstructive options are available in the form of split skin grafts, tissue expanders, loco-regional flaps, free flaps, and hair transplantation. Here, we report a case of severe postburn neck contracture and beard alopecia as sequelae of accidental thermal burns sustained by him 2 years back. The patient was successfully managed with contracture release followed by an expanded neck flap for coverage of the resultant defect. We also present the outcome and follow-up of the patient, after receiving follicular unit extraction from the scalp and contra-lateral un-burnt beard region for treatment of patchy postburn alopecia over the burnt beard area of the face. The quality of facial scarred skin has improved dramatically following the hair transplant which was proven by the punch biopsies obtained from the treated skin.
Dipyridamole inhibition of nitrobenzylthioinosine binding to nucleoside transporters from guinea-pig and rat lung

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Conference Article| June 01 1986 Dipyridamole inhibition of nitrobenzylthioinosine binding to nucleoside transporters from guinea-pig and rat lung MAGGIE M. SHI; MAGGIE M. SHI 1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar JAMES D. YOUNG JAMES D. YOUNG 1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1986) 14 (3): 647–648. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0140647 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation MAGGIE M. SHI, JAMES D. YOUNG; Dipyridamole inhibition of nitrobenzylthioinosine binding to nucleoside transporters from guinea-pig and rat lung. Biochem Soc Trans 1 June 1986; 14 (3): 647–648. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0140647 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: NBMPR, nitrobenzylthioinosine, NBTGR, nitro-benzylthioguanosine © 1986 Biochemical Society1986 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Jinkō Mondai to Imin: Nihon no Jinkō - Kaisō Kōzoku wa Dō Kawaru ka (Population Problems and Immigration: How Is Japan’s Population and Social Structure Changing?)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Jinkō Mondai to Imin: Nihon no Jinkō - Kaisō Kōzoku wa Dō Kawaru ka (Population Problems and Immigration: How Is Japan’s Population and Social Structure Changing?) Jinkō Mondai to Imin: Nihon no Jinkō - Kaisō Kōzoku wa Dō Kawaru ka(Population Problems and Immigration: How Is Japan’s Population and Social Structure Changing?), edited by Yū Korekawa. Tōkyō: Akashi Shoten, 2019 (Imin - Diasupora Kenkyū 8 [Immigration and Diaspora Studies 8], edited by Hiroshi Komai), 280 pp., ¥2,800 (ISBN 978-4-7503-4844-5) David CHIAVACCI David CHIAVACCI University of Zurich Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Science Japan Journal, Volume 24, Issue 1, Winter 2021, Pages 245–248, https://doi.org/10.1093/ssjj/jyaa033 Published: 27 November 2020
Evaluation of the use of probiotics in diets with or without growth promoters for broiler chicks

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This work was carried out to evaluate the use of Bacillus subtilis probiotic C-3102 (10(10)cfu/g) in diets with or without growth promoters on the performance of broilers in the period from 1 to 42 days of age. It was used 1,200 Cobb line broilers, distributed in a complete randomized block with five diets: negative controller (without promoters); Bacillus subtilis (30 g/t ration); Bacillus subtilis (50 g/t ration); Bacillus subtilis (30 g/t ration) + colistin (10 ppm); avilamycin (10 ppm) + colistin (10 ppm). Each diet was evaluated in 10 repetitions with 24 birds. From 21 to 42 days of age, feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion were evaluated, and at 42 days of age, productive efficiency index was evaluated. At the end of the experimental period, it was observed an increase in the consumption of diet with the lowest dose of Bacillus subtilis (30 g) in relation to that one with Bacillus subtillis (30 g) + colistin (10 ppm). The values of weight gain obtained with the diet with the lowest dose of Bacillus subtillis (30 g) and with avilamycin (10 ppm) + colistine (10 ppm) were higher than those of the birds fed control diet (without promoters). For feed conversion, the best results were obtained by supplying diets containing 50 g of Bacillus subtillis, diet with 30 g of Bacillus subtillis + 10 ppm of colistin; and diet with 10 ppm of avilamycin + 10 ppm colistin. For the analysis of productive efficiency index, the best results were obtained with diets containing additives (probiotics and/or antibiotics) in comparison to the control diet. Bacillus subtillis C-3102 probiotic, at concentration 10(10) cfu/g, is an efficient substitute of antibiotics.
Sodium Diethyldithiocarbamate Antiparasitic Activity Against Different Trypanosoma Cruzi Strains: Insights of Its Biological Activity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi that affects thousands of people. The drugs currently used in therapy are toxic and have therapeutic limitations. In addition, the genetic diversity of T. cruzi represents an important variable and challenge in treatment. Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DETC) is a compound with pharmacological versatility acting as metal chelators and ROS generation. Thus, the objective is to characterize the antiparasitic action of DETC against different strains and forms of T. cruzi and their mechanism. The different strains of T. cruzi were grown in LIT medium. To evaluate the antiparasitic activity of DETC, epimastigote and trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi were used by resazurin reduction methods and by counting. Different response patterns were obtained between the strains and an IC 50 of DETC ranging from 9.44 ± 3,181 µM to 60.49 ± 7.62 µM. Cell cytotoxicity against 3T3 and RAW cell lines and evaluated by MTT, demonstrated that DETC in high concentration (2,222.00 µM) present low toxicity. DETC yet cause mitochondrial damage in T. cruzi , as well as disruption in parasite membrane. DETC has antiparasitic activity against different genotypes and forms of T. cruzi , therefore, representing a promising molecule as a drug for the treatment of Chagas disease.
Agroecology on the periphery: A case from the Maya-Achí territory, Guatemala

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this paper we examine processes of scaling agroecological practices in the Maya-Achí territory of Guatemala. We compare the Achí case to other examples documented in the literature and the key factors, or "drivers," reported as important if not essential for scaling to occur. We find that the Achí scase is complex with regard to these drivers. Factors such as constructivist learning/teaching methods, favorable public policies, and strong social fabric appear to be weak, absent, or even negative. This is due in part to the violence and repression of the 1980s, which resulted in the assassination of 20 percent of the population by the military and paramilitaries, leaving the territory socially fragmented. Projects incorporating agroecology (revalorization of ancestral practices, seed saving, elimination of external inputs, strengthening soil health, increasing/guarding agrobiodiversity) are viewed as a potential strategy to aid in community recovery, and are promoted by local associations as well as by international institutions and NGOs. While social and cultural recuperation were initially hypothesized as primary causes for the adoption of practices, we encounter a range of additional and complex factors, such as the expectation of economic benefits and the presence of aid and development organizations. By analyzing these drivers and barriers we contribute to the ongoing debate over how agroecological practices may be scaled-out, particularly in regions exhibiting less than ideal conditions.
Interferon gamma selectively protects the cerebellum and brain stem from inflammation during EAE pathogenesis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In multiple sclerosis (MS) the localization of inflammatory foci within the central nervous system (CNS) is associated with prognosis, with lesions of the cerebellum correlated to a severe clinical outcome. Previous studies of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of MS, revealed distinct clinical outcomes correlated with the capacity to produce IFN‐γ. Outcomes were linked to localization of inflammatory cells in either the spinal cord (wild type (WT)) or the cerebellum and brain stem (IFN‐γ deficient). We demonstrate using an adoptive transfer system that the ability of the host to respond to IFN‐γduring EAE initiation determines the site(s) of CNS pathogenesis. Transfer of WT Th1 cells into IFNγR deficient mice results in invasion of the brain stem and cerebellum with attendant clinical symptoms, identical to the pathogenesis observed following transfer of IFN‐γ deficient T‐cells to WT hosts. Inflammation of the spinal cord associated with EAE in WT mice is abrogated in both IFN‐γdeficient models. These data demonstrate that interaction between cytokine(s) and host cells during the initiation of EAE determines localization of neuroinflammation. Further, these data reveal that IFN‐γ signaling can selectively protect CNS regions from T‐cell pathogenesis. Supported by a National Multiple Sclerosis Society Fellowship, NMSS research grants RG3314, RG 3732, and NIH grant # 5 T32 NS07205‐22.
Unveiling alliinase gene candidates in shallots using resistance gene motif-based degenerate primers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Shallots are integral to Indonesian daily life, with annual production reaching two million tons. However, the superior varieties are often susceptible to disease, highlighting the need for new resistant varieties. Understanding the genetic basis of disease resistance is crucial for breeding efforts aimed at developing new varieties. Alliinase, an enzyme crucial for garlic defense, is a potential candidate for enhancing shallot resistance. This study aims to identify alliinase gene candidates in shallots using degenerate primers. Genomic DNA from the Bima Brebes genotype was isolated, and degenerate primers successfully amplified 600–800 bp fragments. Three sequences were selected for further analysis, with one sequence showing high similarity to known resistance genes. Multiple sequence alignment revealed characteristic resistance gene motifs, supporting their candidacy as resistance genes. Phylogenetic analysis grouped these sequences with known resistance genes, further supporting their potential. These findings provide valuable insights for breeding programs aiming to enhance resistance in shallots through a molecular breeding approach. The identified alliinase gene candidates can be used to develop disease-resistant shallot varieties. Incorporating these genes into breeding programs can enhance resistance, improving yield and stability in shallot production.
Controlled self-formation of nanofibers and nanomembranes in polymers induced by laser direct writing

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Tightly focused femtosecond laser beam can initiate multiphoton absorption and result in ultralocalized (within the femtoliter volume) chemical crosslinking of the liquid or gel state photopolymer. Translating the sample or changing the position of the focus beam enables pin-point photo-patterning of true three-dimensional micro/nanostructures with sub-diffraction spatial resolution [1]. However, further increase of resolution is of high importance for this direct laser writing technique to produce features with spatial dimensions less than < 100 nm in order to enter the realm of nanotechnology. As the laser multiphoton polymerization technique enables to the reproducibly achievable feature dimensions of tens of nanometers consisting of tens of initial monomer molecules, the effect of non-local polymerization arises, which is usually treated as a limiting factor. This non-local polymerization greatile depends on specific laser excitation conditions, material properties, development, as well as dimensions and geometry of the structure itself. Non-local growth of the polymer chains away from the exposed areas leads to loss of resolution and structure definition [2]. This is commonly interpreted as an underdevelopment artifact, since it prevents from achieving ultra fine features separated with a thin gap in between. If there are rigid supports of densely polymerized regions nearby, non-locally growing polymer chain gets entangled one end in one support and the other end in the other. This way a suspended self-formed nanofiber or nanomembrane can originate. On the other hand, control of non-local polymerization opens a way for achieving higher resolution, which is not reachable using direct laser writing approach. In our experimental work, we present results of self-formed nanofibers and nanomembranes in acrylate based photosensitive material AKRE (tris(2-hydroxy ethyl) isocyanurate triacrylate) with < 100 nm diameter or thickness, respectively. Other widely used materials, such as Ormocomp (Micro Resist), PEG-DA-258 (Sigma-Aldrich) and SCR-500 (Japan Synthetic Rubber Company) were also tested for the comparison.
Shared mental models of cancer survivorship care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Quality cancer survivorship care relies on care continuity within the healthcare team. The purpose of this study was to explore the perspectives of healthcare team members regarding cancer survivorship care using the framework of shared mental models. Semi-structured interviews of cancer survivors, primary support individuals, oncology providers, primary care providers and registered nurses were completed. Data were extrapolated to seven primary themes with associated secondary themes. Primary themes included survivor definition and identity, care setting, team member roles, care gaps, survivor needs, barriers to care and facilitators of care. Through these themes, participants emphasised the individuality of the survivorship experience, acknowledged care gaps and described ongoing needs of cancer survivors. Information provision and communication were noted as care facilitators. Through clarification of team member roles, healthcare providers will be equipped to promote cancer survivor transition by focusing on care continuity, communication and collaboration.
Prognostics Methods for Battery Health Monitoring Using a Bayesian Framework

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper explores how the remaining useful life (RUL) can be assessed for complex systems whose internal state variables are either inaccessible to sensors or hard to measure under operational conditions. Consequently, inference and estimation techniques need to be applied on indirect measurements, anticipated operational conditions, and historical data for which a Bayesian statistical approach is suitable. Models of electrochemical processes in the form of equivalent electric circuit parameters were combined with statistical models of state transitions, aging processes, and measurement fidelity in a formal framework. Relevance vector machines (RVMs) and several different particle filters (PFs) are examined for remaining life prediction and for providing uncertainty bounds. Results are shown on battery data.
The role of genetic alterations and immune surveillance in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The thesis consists of two scientific papers, one systematic review, an introduction to the immunoediting concept in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, evaluation of material and methods, a summary of main results, and discussion.During this inspiring journey toward a PhD, I was fortunate to have met enthusiastic and intelligent people that supported and encouraged me to push forward.This thesis
Tris(thioimidazolyl)borate-Zinc-Thiolate Complexes for the Modeling of Biological Thiolate Alkylations

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The S3Zn-SR coordination of thiolate-alkylating enzymes such as the Ada DNA repair protein was reproduced in tris(thioimidazolyl)borate-zinc-thiolate complexes Tti(R)Zn-SR'. Four different Tti(R) ligands and nine different thiolates were employed, yielding a total of 12 new complexes. In addition, one Tti(R)Zn-SH complex and two thiolate-bridged [Tti(R)-SEt-Tti(R)]+ complexes were obtained. A selection of six thiolate complexes was converted with methyl iodide to the corresponding methyl thioethers and Tti(R)Zn-I. According to a kinetic analysis these reactions are second-order processes, which implies that the alkylations are likely to occur at the zinc-bound thiolates. They are much faster than the alkylations of zinc thiolates with N3 or N2S tripod ligands. The most reactive thiolate, Tti(Xyl)Zn-SEt, reacts slowly with trimethyl phosphate in a nonpolar medium at room temperature, yielding methyl-ethyl-thioether and Tti(Xyl)Zn-OPO(OMe)2 which can be converted back to the thiolate complex with NaSEt. This is the closest reproduction of the Ada repair process so far.
Predicting Revitalization: a descriptive narrative and predictive analysis of neighborhood revitalization in Atlanta, Georgia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Over the past two decades, revitalization has been transforming many of Atlantaﾒs unique neighborhoods and attracting new residents, businesses, and investments to the cityﾒs urban core. This has resulted in positive and negative effects that are important to consider as redevelopment continues throughout Atlanta, especially in low?income or disadvantaged communities. In order to mitigate the consequences of redevelopment while highlighting opportunities for growth and innovation, it is important to investigate how and why some Atlanta neighborhoods undergo revitalization earlier or at a more rapid pace than others. This paper seeks to identify significant physical, sociodemographic, and policy?related factors that may catalyze or otherwise predict revitalization in certain communities, and then apply these indicators to Atlantaﾒs remaining neighborhoods to classify those with a greater potential to revitalize in the coming years. To achieve this, a time?lagged probit model was developed to measure hypothesized revitalization indicators within each of Atlantaﾒs Neighborhood Statistical Areas across multiple time periods. This model suggests that revitalization often occurs in Atlanta neighborhoods that overlap with designated historic districts, those that are within walking distance of transit stations and the Beltline, those that are adjacent to other revitalized neighborhoods, those with lower percentages of renter?occupied housing units, and those with greater proportions of jobs in creative, higher education, and professional and technical service industries. Using these results, the model identified other neighborhoods that contain a combination of factors which make them susceptible to revitalization.
ON THE HYDROSTATICS OF FLOATING BODIES WITH ARTICULATED APPENDAGES

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The conventional theory of rigid body hydrostatic stability is extended to floating bodies which include freely articulated members as part of the buoyancy and stability contributing structure. The calculations are illustrated using an advanced semisubmersible design which utilises articulated members to achieve a very high deck payload. It is shown that the presence of the articulated members does not degrade the hydrostatic stability to a significant extent and actually enhances it for low angles of vessel inclination. The impact of the articulated members on classification society certification requirements is discussed.