jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Price-Based Joint Beamforming and Spectrum Management in Multi-Antenna Cognitive Radio Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We consider the problem of maximizing the throughput of a multi-antenna cognitive radio (CR) network. With spatial multiplexing over each frequency band, a multi-antenna CR node controls its antenna radiation directions and allocates power for each data stream by appropriately adjusting its precoding matrix. Our objective is to design a set of precoding matrices (one per band) at each CR node so that power and spectrum are optimally allocated for the node and its interference is steered away from unintended receivers. The problem is non-convex, with the number of variables growing quadratically with the number of antenna elements. To tackle it, we translate it into a noncooperative game. We derive an optimal pricing policy for each node, which adapts to the node's neighboring conditions and drives the game to a Nash-Equilibrium (NE). The network throughput under this NE equals to that of a locally optimal solution of the non-convex centralized problem. To find the set of precoding matrices at each node (best response), we develop a low-complexity distributed algorithm by exploiting the strong duality of the convex per-user optimization problem. The number of variables in the distributed algorithm is independent of the number of antenna elements. A centralized (cooperative) algorithm is also developed. Simulations show that the network throughput under the distributed algorithm rapidly converges to that of the centralized one. Finally, we develop a MAC protocol that implements our resource allocation and beamforming scheme. Extensive simulations show that the proposed protocol dramatically improves the network throughput and reduces power consumption.
The BIMERR Interoperability Framework: Towards BIM Enabled Interoperability in the Construction Sector

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The BIMERR Interoperability Framework: Towards BIM Enabled Interoperability in the Construction Sector Nefeli Bountouni, Fenareti Lampathaki, Spiros Kousouris, Anastasios Tsitsanis, Georgios Vafeiadis and Danai Vergeti Pages 94-101 (2021 Proceedings of the 38th ISARC, Dubai, UAE, ISBN 978-952-69524-1-3, ISSN 2413-5844) Abstract: Interoperability is an ever-present challenge for the construction industry despite the intensive research and standardisation efforts, including Building Information Modelling (BIM), and Common Data Environments (CDEs). This paper presents the BIMERR Interoperability Framework (BIF), a cloud-based platform aiming to facilitate seamless data integration, leveraging flexible ontology and data model management capabilities combined with flexible querying and retrieval mechanisms, to allow secure collaboration of legacy systems and cutting-edge applications in construction projects. The design principles of the BIF and interactions of any construction tech application with the BIF are elaborated while the perspectives opened up through the demonstration activities in the construction sector summarize this work. Keywords: BIM; Semantic Interoperability; Data Integration; CDE; Construction Tech; BIMERR; BIF DOI: https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2021/0015 Download fulltext Download BibTex Download Endnote (RIS) TeX Import to Mendeley
Weight loss as primary indication for FDG-PET/CT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose Some consider fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) clinically useful in patients presenting with nonspecific symptoms of malignancy, weight loss most commonly encountered. However, the appropriateness of such FDG-PET/CT studies remains to be clarified. This study evaluated the clinical value of FDG-PET/CT in patients referred primarily for weight loss. Methods From 2010 to 2017 in one academic center, 252 subjects underwent 254 FDG-PET/CT studies for weight loss as primary indication and retrospectively studied. Eighteen subjects were excluded due to ongoing active malignancy, weight loss not ultimately being the main indication for the FDG-PET/CT, technically inadequate FDG-PET/CT and insufficient follow-up. The FDG-PET/CT scans were considered clinically beneficial when true positive for the cause of weight loss that other investigations missed or would have missed, clinically neutral when true negative and clinically detrimental when false positive leading to additional investigations or false negative. Results Ultimately 234 unique subjects (236 FDG-PET/CT studies) were included. The average subject weight loss prior to the PET was 12 kg and average follow-up time post FDG-PET/CT scan was 3.4 years. The FDG-PET/CT scans were true positive in 24 studies (10%) with 8 studies (3%) clinically beneficial; false positive in 38 studies (16%) of which 26 led to 35 additional procedures and false negative in 13 studies (6%). In total, 39 (17%) FDG-PET/CT studies were clinically detrimental. The other 149 (63%) studies were true negative, clinically neutral. Conclusion FDG-PET/CT appears to have limited value in assessing subjects with weight loss as the leading clinical indication, proving to be five times more often detrimental than beneficial.
Clonal population expansion in an outbreak of Plasmodium falciparum on the northwest coast of Ecuador

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Determining the source of malaria outbreaks in Ecuador and identifying remaining transmission foci will help in malaria elimination efforts. In this study, the genetic signatures of Plasmodium falciparum isolates, obtained from an outbreak that occurred in northwest Ecuador from 2012 to 2013, were characterized.Molecular investigation of the outbreak was performed using neutral microsatellites, drug resistance markers and pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 genotyping.A majority of parasite isolates (31/32) from this outbreak were of a single clonal type that matched a clonal lineage previously described on the northern coast of Peru and a historical isolate from Ecuador. All but one isolate carried a chloroquine-resistant pfcrt genotype and sulfadoxine- and pyrimethamine-sensitive pfdhps and pfdhfr genotypes. Pfmdr1 mutations were identified in codons 184 and 1042. In addition, most samples (97 %) showed presence of pfhrp2 gene.This study indicates that parasites from a single clonal lineage largely contributed to this outbreak and this lineage was found to be genetically related to a lineage previously reported in the Peruvian coast and historical Ecuadorian parasites.
Social Movement Literacy: A Conceptual Overview

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article provides a conceptual overview of social movement literacy (SML). The purpose of SML is to help the general public become more proficient at reading and understanding the nature and function of social movements. Social movements are invaluable contributors to our collective lives, but very few people—outside of activists and specialized academics—consciously educate themselves about movement activity. SML is envisioned as an interdisciplinary, public pedagogy endeavor that brings together both scholars and activists in the attempt to establish core skills and knowledges that enable people to recognize, discuss, perhaps participate in and, if need be, intelligently critique the ideologies, political motivations, and tactics of social movements.
Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs in the Netherlands

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

State authorities across the world perceive 'outlaw motorcycle gangs' (OMCGs) as a serious threat to society. To counter this threat, law enforcement agencies have established special OMCG laws, nation-wide OMCG action plans, special task forces, and OMCG intelligence units. The Netherlands was relatively late by launching a national policy to fight OMCGs at the beginning of 2012. At the same time, the Dutch approach is unique because of its whole-of-government approach, which is based on a combination of criminal law, administrative law, tax law, and civil law. In this contribution, we provide an overview of the Dutch approach by starting with a brief history of the evolution of OMCGs and how the initial laissez-faire attitude of Dutch state authorities in the 1970s gradually turned into a tougher stance in the 2000s. Then we address in more detail the multi-agency approach that was launched in 2012, by zooming in on how the police and public prosecution service targeted criminal activities of OMCG members, while local administrations and other partners focused on disturbing the clubs' infrastructure. We furthermore provide an overview of how civil law was used to ban some of the legal entities of OMCGs. The final section offers a brief reflection on the consequences of the (Dutch) approach to OMCGs.
The addition of cisplatin to cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin-etoposide combination chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with small cell lung carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The addition of cisplatin to a CDE regimen is toxic to patients with extensive SCLC and does not improve overall survival. The PCDE combination must be avoided for patients with extensive SCLC; CDE or cisplatin-etoposide combinations remain standard chemotherapy for these patients. The PCDE combination associated with granulocyte-colony stimulating factors could only be assessed in patients with good prognoses.
Research on Orderly Charging Strategy of Electric Vehicles Based on Intelligent Fusion Terminal

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Relying on equipment such as intelligent fusion terminals and IoT intelligent communication units, this article carries out research on orderly charging schemes for electric vehicles, and realizes real-time collection of information such as the operating status of electric vehicle charging piles, power data, and alarm events. It is a power distribution automation system and The Internet of Vehicles platform provides data, and combines the three main factors of load volatility in the distribution transformer station area, electric vehicle charging completion rate, and user charging cost to formulate relevant electric vehicle charging management control strategies to realize the start and stop control of electric vehicle charging piles management. Through the interaction of smart distribution terminals with the Internet of Vehicles platform and electric vehicle charging piles, the utilization rate of distribution network equipment is improved, the investment in the construction of distribution network is delayed, and the cost of electric vehicle charging information collection equipment is reduced.
THE STUDY OF DYNAMIC DESTRUCTION GLUCOSE AT THE DIRECTED FERMENTATION OF CUCUMBERS WITH USE OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The article presents the results of the study of the directed fermentation of cucumbers using strains of lactic acid microorganisms (lactic acid bacteria) in order to intensify the fermentation process and to obtain a finished product of good quality (with good taste, aroma and structure), as on an industrial scale starter cultures are practically not used. The aim of our research was to study the dynamics of glucose degradation in the process of directed fermentation of cucumbers varieties "Vodoley" using lactic acid bacteria and their selection for this process. As strains of lactic acid microorganisms we selected the following: Lactobacillus casei VKM 536, Lactobacillus plantarum VKM V-578, Lactobacillus brevis VKM V-1309. In order to create optimal conditions for the development of the target microflora, to determine the degree of glucose destruction by various strains of microorganisms and to obtain comparative results, all experiments were carried out on model environment. During the research, mathematical models were developed that adequately describe the degree of glucose destruction during the fermentation of cucumbers. Mathematical processing of glucose degradation data in the direct fermentation process was carried out using Microsoft Excel and the SYSTAT TableCurve 2D. It was found that the criterion for the intensity of glucose destruction during the fermentation of cucumbers varieties "Vodoley" is the most adequate use of the investigated strains of lactic acid bacteria L. brevis and L. plantarum. The use of these lactic acid bacteria provides maximum process efficiency (the maximum acceptable duration is 4,47 and 5,36 days when the degree of glucose destruction is more than 99% of the asymptotic value). The use of L. brevis and L. plantarum allows to achieve the maximum degree of glucose destruction, which indicates the potential usefulness of these types of lactic acid bacteria.
Ordinal Regression using Noisy Pairwise Comparisons for Body Mass Index\n Range Estimation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Ordinal regression aims to classify instances into ordinal categories. In\nthis paper, body mass index (BMI) category estimation from facial images is\ncast as an ordinal regression problem. In particular, noisy binary search\nalgorithms based on pairwise comparisons are employed to exploit the ordinal\nrelationship among BMI categories. Comparisons are performed with Siamese\narchitectures, one of which uses the Bradley-Terry model probabilities as\ntarget. The Bradley-Terry model is an approach to describe probabilities of the\npossible outcomes when elements of a set are repeatedly compared with one\nanother in pairs. Experimental results show that our approach outperforms\nclassification and regression-based methods at estimating BMI categories.\n
Risk factors for nuchal cord entanglement at delivery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective To identify nuchal cord risk factors. Methods The present case–control study was carried out between December 2016 and April 2017 at two hospitals in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Singletons with a nuchal cord at delivery (case group) as well as the two neonates without a nuchal cord delivered immediately after each case (control group), all in cephalic presentation, were included. Undated pregnancies were excluded. The main variables studied were maternal age, parity, pregnancy duration at delivery, cord insertion site, cord length, delivery weight, and fetal sex. Results A nuchal cord was present in 121 (6.0%) of 2015 singletons. The final analysis included 114 and 228 neonates in the case and control groups, respectively, with similar maternal age, parity, pregnancy duration, and delivery weight. Significant independent risk factors for nuchal cord formation were a cord length of 70 cm or more (adjusted odds ratio [ aOR ] 19.10, 95% confidence interval [ CI ] 8.63–42.04), a pregnancy duration of more than 42 weeks ( aOR 7.43, 95% CI 1.46–37.21), marginal cord insertion ( aOR 2.90, 95% CI 1.11–9.35), and a male fetus ( aOR 2.14, 95% CI 1.16–7.74). Conclusion Marginal cord insertion and post‐term pregnancy should be added to the list of known nuchal cord risk factors.
Plutarch in the Syriac Tradition: a Preliminary Overview

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The recent publication of a fragment of papyrus and a piece of parchment has raised to twelve the number of the known papyri attesting the Plutarchan corpus (see Schmidt in this volume).In fact, both documents contain the same Plutarchan treatise, the On the control of anger, and raise questions about the diffusion of the piece in Antiquity. 2As the editor suggests, the majuscule script of the parchment (PHarrauer 1), which derives from a fifth century codex, can be compared with that of two contemporary papyri of the New Testament, 3 and it may be the case that the codex was produced in a Christian environment.It is in the same periodprobably the fifth or early sixth century -that the On the control of anger obtained a translation into Syriac by Christian hands.The treatise on the control of anger is one of the three Syriac translations of Plutarch that have survived.The early chronology of the translations, which implies that the translators relied on majuscule manuscripts, raised the interest of past editors.The translations could -and sometimes did -contribute to the understanding of corrupted passages of the Greek text. 4 Yet modern scholarship has paid much less attention to what these works can tell about the afterlife of Plutarch in broader terms.The Syriac translations attest to the diffusion of Plutarch in Christian hands, and they are evidence of the interest early Christianity showed in the moral advice offered by this author.The Syriac translations also appear to have been actively edited in view of the Christian environment for which they were intended, and this editing may be indicative of the purpose of the translations.The present paper provides a preliminary overview of the Syriac tradition of Plutarch.The surviving Syriac translations belong to the first section of the Moralia according to the Corpus Planudeum:On the control of anger (Mor.29) 5 How to profit from your enemies (Mor.6) 6To these two works one should add an otherwise unknown piece, which the Syriac manuscripts attribute to Plutarch but appears unlikely to have been composed by him:On training (peri askēseōs) 71 The present contribution is a reprint with additions of Rigolio (2013). 2 Lundon (2004); PHarrauer 1 edited in Funghi (2001: 1-6); more on Plutarch's papyri can be found in the contribution by T. Schmidt in the present volume. 3Funghi (2001: 2). 4 See the edition by M. Pohlenz et al. in the Bibliotheca Teubneriana.Two examples of how the Syriac text could reveal better readings than the surviving Greek manuscripts are: (i) a lacuna in the Greek manuscripts but not in the Syriac (De coh.ira 460C: Syr 193.12): "Indeed, because of pleasure (we) should not rejoice when we punish and repent [once we have inflicted punishment]" (Greek); "(we should) not rejoice when we apply it (i.e. the punishment), but let us be sad when we have inflicted it" (Syriac); and (ii) the insertion of a gloss (De cap.ex inim.91E: Syr 16.10): "the statesman Onomademos" (Greek); "the wise Demos" (Syriac).
Expression of retinoid X receptor α is decreased in 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The identification of the specific molecular targets, which underlie liver carcinogenesis is essential for the establishment of an effective strategy for the prevention and/or treatment of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). We previously found that a malfunction of RXRalpha due to its aberrant phosphorylation was associated with the development of HCCs. However, it has remained unclear whether the abnormalities in the expression of RXRalpha or the other retinoid receptors play a role in the early stage of liver carcinogenesis. The present study was designed to determine whether alterations in the expression of RXRalpha and the other retinoid receptors RARalpha and RARbeta are involved in hepatocarcinogenesis using a 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (3'-MeDAB)-induced rat liver carcinogenesis model. We found that immunohistochemical expression of RXRalpha was decreased in liver cell tumors (HCCs and adenoma) and glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P)-positive foci, which is a precancerous lesion of HCC, when compared with the non-cancerous tissues. Western blot and RT-PCR analyses revealed a progressive decrease in the expression levels of RXRalpha, RARalpha, and RARbeta proteins and their mRNAs in 3'-MeDAB-induced HCCs and their surrounding tissues, when compared with the normal liver tissues from the control group. Moreover, the expression level of beta-catenin, the heterodimeric partner for both RXRalpha and RARalpha, was immunohistochemically observed in the cytoplasm and, in some cases, in the nucleus of HCC cells. The nuclear expression of cyclin D1, the downstream target molecule of beta-catenin, was also increased in HCC cells when compared with their adjacent normal appearing tissues. Our findings suggest that loss of retinoid receptors, especially RXRalpha, plays a critical role in the chemically-induced rat liver carcinogenesis and this might be associated with the activation of beta-catenin-related signaling pathway.
Effects of Unilateral Eyestalk Ablation on Moulting, Growth, Reproduction and Energy Budget of Macrobrachium nobilii

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Unilateral eyestalk ablation in juvenile Macrobrachium nobilii advanced the onset of sexual maturity by 88 days. During a 330.day experiment, ablated prawns undertook nine moults as adults, carried seven clutches and produced an average of 6,935 eggs. Nonablated prawns undertook four moults as adults, carried three clutches and produced only 2,042 eggs. Ablated female prawns allocated more energy for egg production than did nonablated females (0.98 J egg-1 and 0.72 J egg-1, respectively); this was accomplished by an improvement of food conversion efficiency in ablated females.
Enantioselective Synthesis of β‐Amino Acid Derivatives Enabled by Ligand‐Controlled Reversal of Hydrocupration Regiochemistry

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A Cu‐catalyzed enantioselective hydroamination of α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds for the synthesis of β‐amino acid derivatives was achieved through ligand‐controlled reversal of the hydrocupration regioselectivity. While the hydrocupration of α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds to form α‐cuprated species has been extensively investigated, we report herein that, in the presence of an appropriate ancillary chiral ligand, the opposite regiochemistry can be observed for cinnamic acid derivatives, leading to the delivery of the copper to the β‐position. This copper can react with an electrophilic aminating reagent, 1,2‐benzisoxazole, to provide enantioenriched β‐amino acid derivatives, which are important building blocks for the synthesis of natural products and bioactive small molecules.
2-Hydroxy-1-substituted-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-.BETA.-carbolines. The Pictet-Spengler reaction of N-hydroxytryptamine with aldehydes.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The Pictet-Spengler reaction of N-hydroxytryptamine (6) with various aldehydes was examined. Reduction of 3-(2-nitroethyl) indole (5) with aluminum amalgam gave 6, which was not so stable and was readily oxidized to the azoxy compound (10) in solution under an oxygen atmosphere. Reaction of 6 with saturated aldehydes gave the corresponding nitrones (11b, c) without an acid catalyst at room temperature, while the reaction with α, β-unsaturated aldehydes provided nitrones (11d, e, f) in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid. Cyclization of the nitrones with trifluoroacetic acid in methylene chloride gave the 2-hydroxy-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-β-carbolines (2) in good yields. The cyclization of the saturated nitrones proceeded rapidly, whereas the similar reaction of the unsaturated nitrones was slow. Direct Pictet-Spengler reaction of 6 with aldehydes in methylene chloride in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid gave 2a, b, c in excellent yields. Dehydration of the 2-hydroxy-β-carboline (2b) with trifluoroacetic anhydride in benzene gave the 3, 4-dihydro-β-carboline (15). 6-Bromo-5-methoxy-N-hydroxytryptamine (25) was prepared from 3-bromo-4-methyoxyaniline (17) via the indole (22). The Pictet-Spengler reaction of 25 with isovaleraldehyde gave the 2-hydroxy-tetrahydro-β-carboline (26).