jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Glutaraldehyde fixation chemistry: oxygen-consuming reactions.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In tissue fixed with glutaraldehyde, dissolved O2 is rapidly consumed by two processes: residual respiration and glutaraldehyde-induced chemical uptake. The nature of the chemistry which consumes O2 during tissue fixation was investigated by studying model reactions of glutaraldehyde with amines and with homogenized tissue suspensions. The addition of glutaraldehyde to solutions of most primary amines and ammonia stimulated rapid O2 consumption. The reaction of glutaraldehyde with primary amines (e.g., 25 mM ethanolamine, glycine, or methylamine) consumed 50% of the dissolved O2 in 15 to 20 s at 37 degrees C. The initial rate of O2 uptake followed second-order kinetics with respect to the primary amine concentration. The total amount of O2 consumed was sufficient to account for the stoichiometric conversion of the primary amines to pyridines. These data are consistent with the synthesis of pyridine derivatives from glutaraldehyde-amine precursors in which the last step is an irreversible oxidation of dihydropyridines to pyridines. The addition of glutaraldehyde to homogenized muscle suspensions, in which respiration was chemically inhibited, significantly increased the rate of O2 uptake. Thus, in tissue O2 is rapidly depleted both by respiration and the chemical demands of the glutaraldehyde-amine reactions during the cross-linking process. Since these experiments were done under conditions commonly used for tissue fixation, hypoxia should be assumed to exist in biological preparations fixed with glutaraldehyde.
Correction to Pairing Heterocyclic Cations with closo-Icosahedral Borane and Carborane Anions. I. Benchtop Aqueous Synthesis of Binary Triazolium and Imidazolium Salts with Limited Water Solubility

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to Pairing Heterocyclic Cations with closo-Icosahedral Borane and Carborane Anions. I. Benchtop Aqueous Synthesis of Binary Triazolium and Imidazolium Salts with Limited Water SolubilityScott A. Shackelford*, John L. Belletire, Jerry A. Boatz, Stefan Schneider, Amanda K. Wheaton, Brett A. Wight, Leslie M. Hudgens, Herman L. Ammon, and Steven H. StraussCite this: Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 11, 2974Publication Date (Web):April 26, 2011Publication History Received14 April 2011Published online26 April 2011Published inissue 3 June 2011https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ol2009945https://doi.org/10.1021/ol2009945correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views593Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (501 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Anions,Cations,Imidazolium,Salts Get e-Alerts
Adolescents selling sex: Exposure to abuse, mental health, self-harm behaviour and the need for help and support—a study of a Swedish national sample

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Adolescents that sell sex are a group especially exposed to sexual, mental and physical abuse. They have poorer mental health and engage in more self-harm behaviour than other adolescents. They are in need of more help and support than other adolescents and it is reasonable to assert that more resources, research and attention should be directed to this group to provide better help and support in the future.
Interpolation and Spectra of Regular LP-Space Operators

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We consider the Banach algebra consisting of linear operators T which are defined on the simple functions and have bounded extensions T p on L P for all values of p ∊ [1, ∞]. We show that the 'integral' operators in this algebra form a right ideal, and that each T p associated to an integral T is regular. When the underlying measure is finite or special discrete we show further that every T p is regular for every T in the algebra. Algebraic techniques together with interpolation results are then used to get relationships between the spectrum and the order spectrum of the associated T p 's.
The role of myo-inositol and calcium L-methylfolate in complex therapy of polycystic ovary syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Синдром поликистозных яичников (СПЯ) сопровождается комплексом нарушений, включающих гиперандрогению, инсулинорезистентность, ожирение, нарушения менструального цикла и, как следствие, ановуляторное бесплодие. Фенотипы A и D СПЯ, проявляющиеся олигоменореей и поликистозной структурой яичников (по данным ультразвукового исследования), продолжают привлекать внимание гинекологов, эндокринологов и репродуктологов, поскольку характеризуются наиболее выраженными симптомами и представляют наиболее сложную группу среди гетерогенной группы пациенток с СПЯ в отношении коррекции бесплодия и метаболических нарушений.

ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ

Проанализировать фенотипы A и D СПЯ на основании данных пациенток, обратившихся в отделение репродуктологии ГБУЗ МО «МОНИИАГ» для лечения бесплодия, и определить частоту выявления у них инсулинорезистентности, ожирения, а также оценить эффективность терапии мио-инозитолом и L-метилфолатом кальция в комплексном применении различных методов восстановления естественной фертильности.

МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ

Обследованы 80 пациенток с фенотипами A и D СПЯ на наличие полиморфных вариантов генов фолатного цикла MTHFR, MTRR, MTR, гена рецептора фолликулостимулирующего гормона, на инсулинорезистентность. В контрольную группу включены 30 пациенток с мужским или трубно-перитонеальным фактором бесплодия, планирующих проведение экстракорпорального оплодотворения, обследованных на наличие инсулинорезистентности, полиморфных вариантов генов фолатного цикла и гена рецептора фолликулостимулирующего гормона.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ

Доля обследованных женщин с фенотипом A СПЯ составила 37,5% (30 пациенток), с фенотипом D СПЯ — 62,5% (50 пациенток). Полученные данные продемонстрировали высокую частоту избыточной массы тела, ожирения и инсулинорезистентности у пациенток обеих групп. Однако ожирение чаще встречалось у пациенток с фенотипом A (56,7% по сравнению с 38% для фенотипа D). Инсулинорезистентность также выявлялась чаще у пациенток с фенотипом A (63,3% по сравнению с 14% для фенотипа D). В структуре фенотипа A инсулинорезистентность выявлена у 76,5% пациенток с ожирением, у 50% пациенток с избыточной массой тела, у 14,3% пациенток с нормальной массой тела. В структуре фенотипа D у большей доли пациенток была нормальная масса тела (36% по сравнению с 23,3% для фенотипа A). В структуре фенотипа D инсулинорезистентность выявлена у 31,6% пациенток с ожирением, у 7,7% пациенток с избыточной массой тела и не отмечена у пациенток с нормальной массой тела.

ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ

Принимая во внимание полученные результаты, мы считаем, что Фертифолин (комбинация мио-инозитола и L-метилфолата кальция) следует включать в комплекс коррекции метаболических нарушений у пациенток с фенотипами A и D синдрома поликистозных яичников на этапе прегравидарной подготовки.
Fermionic tomography and learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Shadow tomography via classical shadows is a state-of-the-art approach for estimating properties of a quantum state. We present a simplified, combinatorial analysis of a recently proposed instantiation of this approach based on the ensemble of unitaries that are both fermionic Gaussian and Clifford. Using this analysis, we derive a corrected expression for the variance of the estimator. We then show how this leads to efficient estimation protocols for the fidelity with a pure fermionic Gaussian state (provably) and for an $X$-like operator of the form ($|\mathbf 0\rangle\langleψ|$ + h.c.) (via numerical evidence). We also construct much smaller ensembles of measurement bases that yield the exact same quantum channel, which may help with compilation. We use these tools to show that an $n$-electron, $m$-mode Slater determinant can be learned to within $ε$ fidelity given $O(n^2 m^7 \log(m / δ) / ε^2)$ samples of the Slater determinant.
The general essentials of accredited residencies in graduate medical education

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Resident Physicians Section (RPS) of the American Medical Association addressed many issues in 1981. However, a major portion of its efforts were focused on one issue, the first complete revision of theGeneral Essentials of Accredited Residencies in Graduate Medical Educationsince 1955. (This is the first section of theEssentials of Accredited Residencies in Graduate Medical Education, which also includes the special requirements for each specialty.) This document had last been amended in 1974 and has been under revision by the new Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) for the past six years. The need for a revision of theGeneral Essentialswas based on two factors: (1) a new body for accreditation of residency training programs, the ACGME, had been created, and (2) the oldGeneral Essentials, amended several times since the mid-1950s, when they were originally initiated by the AMA Council on Medical Education, needed
Adaptive Threshold Methods for Monitoring Rates in Public Health Surveillance

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

We examine one of the methods implemented by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) BioSense program. The program uses data from hospitals and public health departments to detect outbreaks using the Early Aberration Reporting System (EARS). The EARS W2r method allows one to monitor the proportion of counts of a particular syndrome at a facility relative to the total number of visits. We investigate the performance of the W2r method with negative binomial inputs designed using an empirical recurrence interval (RI). An adaptive threshold monitoring method is studied based on estimating the underlying negative binomial distributions, then converting the current counts to a Z-score through a p-value. We study the effect of the input distributions on the upper thresholds required for both Shewhart and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) versions of the W2r and adaptive threshold methods. We simulate 1-week outbreaks and compare the outbreak detection properties of the methods.
CONTRACTILITY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE IN GLYCEROL-EXTRACTED MUSCLE FIBERS

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Glycerol-extracted rabbit psoas muscle fibers were examined by electron microscopy both before and after ATP-induced isotonic shortening. Ultrastructural changes were correlated with the initial sarcomere length and the degree of shortening. The ultrastructural appearance of the resting fiber at rest length was identical with that described by H. E. Huxley and Hanson. At sarcomere lengths greater than 3.7 to 3.8 µ, the A and I filaments were detached and separated by a gap. The presence of "gap" filaments was confirmed, and evidence is presented which indicates that these filaments form connections between the ends of the A and I filaments. Shortening from initial sarcomere lengths at which the filaments overlapped took place through sliding of the filaments. If shortening was initiated from sarcomere lengths at which there was a gap, a narrowing of the I band was brought about by a curling of the I filaments at the boundary between the A and I bands. No evidence could be found that the I filaments moved into the A band.
High efficiency process on the salted eggs preparation through the parameters optimization by using taguchi method

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This article presents experimental data on the salting process of salted eggs, which is one of the methods commonly used to increase the shelf life and taste of eggs. To achieve the highest desired salt content, this research uses Taguchi's experimental method to optimize temperature, pressure, and sanding parameters in the salting process. Experiments were conducted with various temperatures, pressures, and different types of sandpaper to identify the most effective combination of parameters. Experimental results show that the optimal conditions to achieve the highest salt content are at a temperature of 30°C, a pressure of 10 psi, and sandpaper with a size of 1200 grit. Under these conditions, the average salt content obtained is approximately 4.06%. This research makes an important contribution to developing a more efficient salting process for salted eggs and produces a higher quality product. By using Taguchi's experimental method, key parameters were identified and optimized, allowing producers to increase the production of salted eggs with a more consistent and higher salt content according to market needs.
ANTIFERTILITY ACTIVITY OF THREE INDIGENOUS PLANT PREPARATIONS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The antifertility effects of preparations of Lajjal (a blend of Piper longum, Arsenii Trisulphidium, Jawari Mastaki, and borax), Avrodhak (Lawsonia inermis), and Kalyani (Abrus precatorius) were studied in pregnant rate. Avrodhak, in a daily dose of either 3, 30, or 300 mg, showed a 40-60% inhibition of pregnancy. The other preparations were without effect. The infertility produced by the powdered leaves of Lawsonia inermis appeared to be permanent.
Nutrient Requirements of Ahipa, a Tuberous-Root Crop

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ahipa is a legume crop of great potential for the production of raw materials (starch, sugar, oil, and proteins) for industrial use. Its ability to fix atmospheric N2 in association with rhizobia and the tolerance to insects makes it an attractive option for low input agriculture schemes. There is little information available on nutrient requirements of ahipa and none about its behavior in Mediterranean soils. Leaf macro and micronutrient concentration in ahipa field-grown plants was compared with critical levels reported for other legume crops. Low leaf phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) concentration, as well as leaf zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) might show limiting conditions for growth and productivity in some Mediterranean soils. The evolution of N, P, and K uptake and nutrient distribution in different plant parts was studied in ahipa under field conditions. At harvest, seeds showed high N accumulation whereas roots and pod-shells were the main recipients for P and K. The amount of nutrients removed by harvested roots and seeds was calculated in 67 kg N ha -1, 13.7 kg P ha-1, and 80.2 kg K ha-1.
Bronchiectasis Exacerbations: Definitions, Causes, and Acute Management

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Pulmonary exacerbations (PExs) are events in the course of bronchiectasis which are defined as an increase in disease symptoms lasting a period of a few days. It is established that the tendency toward having PEx is stable throughout the course of the disease. Certain conditions were found to be associated with an increased risk of developing a PEx. Among these are chronic airway infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Aspergillus species, concomitant airway diseases (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic rhinosinusitis), genetic factors such as primary ciliary dyskinesia, and nutritional factors. The immediate events underlying the onset of a PEx are less clearly determined. Although acute changes in bacterial airway composition have been the paradigm for decades, recent microbiome-focused research has not uniformly established such acute changes at the onset of PEx. Other acute changes such as air pollution, viral infection, and changes in bacterial metabolic activity have also been implicated as causes of a PEx. Despite these gaps in our knowledge of the biology of PEx, antimicrobial therapy directed against the identified pathogens in sputum is currently the recommended therapeutic strategy. Various long-term therapies, including antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory strategies, have been proven effective in reducing the frequency of PEx, leading to a recommendation for the use of these strategies in people with frequent PEx.
Cathepsin F alters viral acquisition, retention, and transmission of TYLCV and ToCV by Bemisia tabaci MED

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) are plant-infecting viruses that are mainly transmitted by Bemisia tabaci Gennadius. In addition to their significant individual impacts on agricultural production, TYLCV and ToCV co-infections are increasingly common and can cause devastating losses in tomato and other crops. Cathepsins, the main proteases in lysosomes, affect both immune responses and the digestion of plant proteins and may help mediate Bemisia-virus-plant interactions. We conducted research exploring the role of cathepsin in the interaction between B. tabaci MED and the plant viruses TYLCV and ToCV, both singly and in combination, on tomato. Levels of cathepsin F increased sharply in B. tabaci MED after feeding on TYLCV-infected, ToCV-infected, and co-infected plants and remained elevated for several days after feeding cessation. In all cases, levels were higher in co-infected B. tabaci MED than in singly infected individuals. Viral loads of each virus were also higher in co- versus singly infected B. tabaci MED, suggesting a synergistic relationship between TYLCV and ToCV. We next studied how dosing B. tabaci MED with a cathepsin inhibitor, inducer, or control affected viral acquisition, retention, and transmission. Viral acquisition and retention were lower in B. tabaci MED treated with cathepsin inducer than in controls; B. tabaci MED treated with cathepsin inhibitor had higher rates of viral acquisition and retention. Viral transmission was highest in the inhibitor treatment and lowest in the inducer treatment. Our results provide more opportunities for the design of novel control strategies to manage insect vectors and their transmitted viruses.
The Gender Question and the New Bhadra Mahila

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter explores some ambivalences in the Bengali bhadralok discourse of gender. The notion of ‘chastity’ was held up in early-twentieth-century Bengali writings, and this has been correctly exposed from the feminist point of view; however, in this chapter an attempt has been made to show that there was also from the 1920s a strong critique of the conventional notion of chastity. In recent writings the entry of women in political activities from the Non-cooperation Movement onwards has often been criticized on the ground that male hegemony in the public sphere remained intact. While that may be true, it can be argued that entry into the public sphere had many liberating potentials for women even though that might have been an unintended consequence. A new source—contemporary manuals for housewives and domestic management—have been used to explore the mentality prevailing among the Bengali middle classes at that time.
Revisiting the Role of Membrane ATPases (P-Type) in Metal-Ligand Homeostasis of Epidermal Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Petukhov VI* Author Affiliations Baltic International Academy, Riga, Latvia Received: July 22, 2019 | Published: July 26, 2019 Corresponding author: Petukhov VI, Baltic International Academy, Riga, Latvi DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2019.20.003397
Studies on the Peptization of Ferric Hydroxide. IV. Effect of L-Alanine on the Peptization of Ferric Hydroxide

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Preparation of ferric hydroxide sol by using L-alanine was investigated in order to find a condition for obtaining a concentrated and stabilized sol in the near neutral pH range for manufacture of an iron-containing medicine. Ferric hydroxide was peptized by addition of its precipitate into L-alanine solution containing hydrochloric acid and boiling for 8 hr. The degree of peptization was evaluated by the concentration of ferric hydroxide in the sol thus formed. The concentration was determined by chelatomery after dissolving the colloidal particles into ferric ions. Although no peptization took place in the concentration range of 0.001-0.1 N of L-alanine, addition of a small amount of hydrochloric acid to it induced peptization. The degree of peptization depends on the concentration of L-alanine and hydrochloric acid. It was found that the prefered pH was 4-6 for the molar ratio between the precipitate and L-alanine of 0.1-0.2. Thus, the effect of L-alanine to peptize ferric hydroxide was recognized in the near neutral pH range. The mechanism of peptization was discussed from these results.
Image Management Member of the House of Regional Representative of the Republic of Indonesia Riau Electoral District 2019: A Case Study of Intsiawati Ayus

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research discusses the Image Management of the elected Member of the Regional Representative Council Intsiawati Ayus in 2019 Riau electoral district, where building a good image in the community is an important thing for a politician to do, so that at the time of the election the public wants to vote for politicians who are running for legilative members. especially the competition between candidates is considered very significant which makes politicians have to make special strategies in the election process, Moreover, the competition between candidates is considered very significant which makes politicians have to make special strategies in the election process and the focus of this research is to understand the Political Public Relations (PR) Activities of Intsiawati Ayus' Image Management in the Election of Members of the Regional Representative Council of the Republic of Indonesia) Riau Electoral District in 2019 using qualitative methods reinforced by a literature study approach. Data collection techniques are carried out by interview where the information is determined by purposive sampling. The results obtained in this study found that there are interactions on social media that add to the positive image of Intsiawati Ayus in the community, because Intsiawati Ayus and the success team respond to the slightest interaction from the community, then advocacy in the agrarian sector carried out by Intsiawati Ayus also adds to the good image in the community, the attachment of the character's name through the organization is also an important part of Intsiawati Ayus' image, this name attachment is done through the Rumpun Melayu Bersatu Laskar Hulubalang Melayu Riau (RMB-LHMR) organization founded by Asman Yunus who is Intsiawati Ayus' father. The results of this study are expected to be used as a study material in the field of political PR, especially in the election of the Regional Representative Council of the Republic of Indonesia RI members in Indonesia.