jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Deep Transcriptome Meta-Analysis Reveals Sex Differences in Multiple Sclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic auto-immune, inflammatory, and degenerative disease of the central nervous system, affects both males and females; however, females suffer from a higher risk of developing MS (2-3:1 ratio relative to males). The precise sex-based factors influencing risk of MS are currently unknown. Here, we explore the role of sex in MS to identify molecular mechanisms underlying observed MS sex differences that may guide novel therapeutic approaches tailored for males or females. Methods: We performed a rigorous and systematic review of genome-wide transcriptome studies of MS that included patient sex data in the Gene Expression Omnibus and ArrayExpress databases following PRISMA statement guidelines. We analyzed differential gene expression for each selected study and performed 3 meta-analyses to evaluate common features and sex bias: the first meta-analysis of 4 neurologic tissue studies, a second in 5 blood studies, and a third integrating 9 studies from both tissues. Finally, we performed a gene set analysis on the meta-analyzed differential transcriptomic profiles of the nervous system to characterize sex differences in biological pathways and phenotypes (physiological and pathological states). Results: After screening 122 publications, the systematic review provided a selection of 9 studies (5 in blood and 4 in neurologic tissue) with a total of 474 samples (189 females with MS and 109 control females; 82 males with MS and 94 control males). Blood and nervous tissue meta-analyses identified, respectively, 1 (KIR2DL3) and 13 (ARL17B, CECR7, CEP78, IFFO2, LOC401127, NUDT18, RNF10, SLC17A5, STMP1, TRAF3IP2-AS1, UBXN2B, ZNF117, ZNF488) MS-associated genes that differed between males and females. The combined-tissue meta-analysis highlighted a single RNA gene (LOC102723701) altered according to sex in MS patients. Functional analyses revealed different altered immune patterns in females and males. A pro-inflammatory environment and innate immune responses related to myeloid linage predominate in females, while in males, adaptive responses associated with the lymphocyte linage. Additionally, females with MS displayed alterations in mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, purine, and glutamate metabolism, while MS males displayed alterations in stress response to metal ion, amine, and amino acid transport. Conclusion: We found transcriptomic and functional differences between MS males and females (especially in the immune system), which may support the development of sex-specific treatments. Our study highlights the importance of understanding the role of biological sex in MS.
Perfil hematobioquímico e produção de leite de vacas mestiças Girolando suplementadas com resíduo de caju desidratado

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

<p>This paper aims to evaluate the influence of different levels of supplemental product-dehydrated cashew in the feed for crossbred Girolando cows on milk production and hemato-biochemical profile. The experiments were conducted using eight cows that were randomly distributed in a Latin square design (4×4), in which treatments consisted of four supplementation levels with product-dehydrated cashew (PDC) in animal diets, namely: 0% PDC (control diet), 1.0 kg of DCP, 1.5 kg of PDC and 2.0 kg of PDC in total dry matter . The milk and animals were weighed and the body condition of the animals were evaluated within seven days of milk collection during each experimental period. To determine the serum biochemistry and blood count of cows, three blood samples were taken in each period, at 7, 14 and 21 days before the daily supply of supplementation with samples collected from 5 ml of blood by puncturing the jugular vein. Supplementation with 2 kg of PDC reduced milk production and the levels of glucose and total plasma protein compared to the control group, due to the higher level of tannin in this group. Supplementation with PDC raised the total count of the erythrocytes, reduced the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and non-changed number of leukocytes. Increased levels of phenolic compounds in the diet inhibited the absorption of dietary proteins, which decreased milk production.</p>
Perspectives of professionals on the treatment and service delivery of eating disorders in cyprus

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This paper investigates the perspectives of care professionals on the treament of eating disorders and the capacity of the existing settings in Cyprus, to treat eating disorders. Qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven professionals, working in settings for treating patients with eating disorders. The investigation identified two themes: The first theme concerns the necessity to fulfill the complex needs of patients with eating disorders, as well as the needs of their families. In addition, it concerns the importance of adopting a holistic and multimodal approach towards treating eating disorders, in order to achieve successful treatment outcomes. The attitudes and feelings of care professionals working with patients with eating disorders, were also identified. The second theme that emerged is an acknowledgement of the necessity for a stronger collaboration between the existing settings, for coordinated monitoring of these settings, and for upgrading specialized training. These two themes are interrelated and create barriers, which may prevent effective service delivery, affect the attitudes of professionals, and hinder the process of treatment.
International economic policy uncertainty and analysts' earnings forecasts

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We investigate the extent to which international economic policy uncertainty (EPU) impacts analysts' earnings forecasts. Using a sample of Australian firms, we demonstrate that EPU is positively associated with the size of forecast errors and the extent of forecast dispersion. Consistent with Australia being a relatively small but open economy, we show that this EPU effect extends beyond domestic EPU to include global and country-specific EPU, most notably Chinese and US EPU. The effect of international EPU is stronger for short-term forecasts, and for firms with higher growth prospects and profitability. However, the effect of Australian EPU is more pronounced for longer horizon forecasts and for firms in the resources and mining industries, and those with lower growth and profitability. Our results are consistent with heightened international EPU negatively impacting firms' information environment, with increased variation in market participants' beliefs.
Autoethnography as a Poetics of Worlding and a Politics of Becoming: Claudia Rankine’s Citizen and Kathleen Stewart’s Ordinary Affects

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article analyzes the anthropologist Kathleen Stewart’s Ordinary Affects and the poet Claudia Rankine’s Citizen: An American Lyric as autoethnographies of affective encounter in which the authors stylistically fracture their positionalities such that the embodied evidence of experience becomes visceral political potential. In Ordinary Affects, Stewart uses autoethnography to conjure the intensities of affect that manifest in everyday moments and spaces of encounter, detailing disparate scenes of immanent force to provide an antidote to academic studies that render power inert as they employ totalizing systems such as “neoliberalism” to analyze its effects. Using “she” to index the difference between her first-person identity as a writer and a body that imagines and senses the political-as-becoming, Stewart invites readers to participate in a poetics of worlding during which the author does not play expert witness. In the American lyric Citizen, Claudia Rankine also splits her narrative voice and uses both “I” and “you,” while evoking affective encounters of racialization that are forces of habit and routines of violence. Her poem includes not only personal anecdote or feeling but also events and texts of popular culture, enlisting her readers to take part in a poetics of worlding and a politics of becoming through which the author bears witness to “I” through “you.” In effect, Rankine and Stewart use autoethnography to resist portraying political life as bound by discursive logics of self and subjecthood.
Photochemical synthesis of gold nanorods catalyzed by titanium dioxide

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Gold nanorods can be synthesized by a photochemical approach. In this report, a mixture solution of HAuCl4, TiO2, HCl and ethanol was irradiated by a halogen light source. Ethanol reduced Au3+ to Au0 upon light irradiation. The TiO2 acted as both catalyst and stabilizer. TiO2 has a large band gap, which enables it to absorb short wavelength light. TiO2 produces free electrons and holes, thus promotes redox reaction of HAuCl4 and ethanol. TiO2 is positive in charge, thus it can absorb onto the gold nanoparticles, which are negative in charge, to avoid the aggregation. The gold nanorods were characterized by using UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. It is found that the amount of the HAuCl4 and the TiO2 to ethanol volume ratio affected the yield and length of the gold nanorods. The best gold nanorods were synthesized by using 0.1mmol HAuCl4 and with ethanol/TiO2 (1:3 in volume), and the length is around 2.5µm.
Combined anticonvulsant effect of nifedipine and pentazocine in experimentally induced seizures in rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Epilepsy is one of the common disorders of human with a prevalence of approximately 1% of the total population. Majority of seizures can be controlled with available antiepileptic drugs, about 20% of them still remain resistant to treatment. Recognizing this, there is a need to develop newer antiepileptic drugs with therapeutic potential. Present work is based upon the production of convulsions by maximal electroshock in rats. Evaluation of combined anticonvulsant effect of nifedipine and pentazocine on the duration of convulsion and duration of tonic hind limb extension and recovery in rats.Methods: The study was commenced after obtaining approval from IAEC, Department of Pharmacology, Osmania Medical College, Koti, Hyderabad. All the wistar rats were induced convulsions by Maximal Electro-Shock (MES) method and rats showing tonic hind limb extension response were randomised into four groups (six animals in each group). Group 1 received distilled water, group 2 treated with nifedipine 10mg/kg BW, group 3 treated with pentazocine 30mg/kg BW and group 4 treated with both nifedipine 10mg/kg BW and pentazocine 30mg/kg BW. Drug administered by intraperitoneal route. The data analysed using ANOVA and group means with LSD Post Hoc Test. p‐values <0.05 were considered as significant.Results: When nifedipine and pentazocine were combined, the mean duration of convulsions, tonic hind limb extension and recovery were significantly decreased compared to control, nifedipine and pentazocine.Conclusions: The results obtained in this study provide supporting pharmacological evidence of efficacy, possible potential benefit of combining nifedipine with pentazocine in epilepsy.
Response to “Preserved” glucagon secretion in fulminant type 1 diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We compared the glucagon responses to arginine stimulation in five patients with fulminant type 1 diabetes and five age- and diabetes duration-matched acute-onset type 1 diabetes, and the curves of the glucagon responses were similar. In our study, we measured the glucagon levels by not only radioimmunoassay, but also novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Comparison of the Outcome of Pain Relief Between Corticosteroid Injection with Thumb Spica Cast and Casting Alone in the Treatment of de Quervain's Tenosynovitis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: To compare the frequency of pain relief between corticosteroid injection combined with casting and casting alone in the management of de Quervain tenosynovitis. Methods: Seventy patients with de Quervain's Tenosynovitis in age ranging from 18 to 70 years were recruited for the study. Two groups each containing 35 patients were formed by dividing the patients randomly. Group A was given injection triamcinolone with thumb spica cast and group B was given thumb spica cast alone. The VAS pain score at presentation was recorded for each patient. Both groups were compared regarding pain relief by recording VAS pain score at 4 weeks after presentation. The results were analyzed with the help of SPSS version 10. A p-value of 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean/average age of the patients was 43.79±16.015 years (mean ± SD). In both groups, there was no statistically significant difference for the age and pre-treatment VAS pain score (p values 0.464 and 0.482 respectively). In group A (Corticosteroid injection plus thumb spica cast) there were more patients which were pain-free at the end of the study (88.5% in group A, 62.9 % in group B, p-value 0.012). Conclusion: Corticosteroid Injection plus thumb spica cast is more effective for reducing pain in de Quervain's Tenosynovitis as compared to thumb spica cast alone.
High aspect ratio and large area metallic nanogrids as transparent electrodes on optoelectronic devices

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The authors demonstrate high aspect ratio and large area metallic nanogrids as transparent electrodes with reduced series resistance on GaAs based optoelectronic devices. The fabrication process uses ultraviolet photolithography techniques, pulsed reactive ion etching, and two metallization steps: a vapor deposited contact seed layer and a thickening step by electrodeposition. As a result, a threefold reduction in resistive power losses is achieved with a contact grid transmission comparable to state-of-the-art devices.
Graded prognostic assessment scale to predict overall survival in patients diagnosed with brain metastases undergoing Gamma-knife radiosurgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: The present study aims to evaluate the Graded Prognostic Assessment (GPA) score for predicting overall survival in patients diagnosed with brain metastases undergoing Gamma-knife radiosurgery. METHODS: This was a cross sectional study conducted on the patients diagnosed with brain metastases undergoing Gamma-knife radiosurgery during 2003 to 2011. Clinical and radiological parameters were evaluated, and the GPA score were determined. Kaplan–Meier and log-rank tests were used to assess prognostic factors of the GPA. RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty patients were eligible to enter the study during the eight years course of study. The mean age of the patients was 54 ± 12.7 years (ranged 19 to 82 years) and were followed up for an average of 7 (range=1-25) months post Gamma-knife surgery. Median survival times according to the GPA were: GPA 0–1, 4 ± 0.4 months; GPA 1.5–2.5, 6 ± 0.7 months; GPA 3, 9 ± 0.9 months; and GPA 3.5–4.0, 12 ± 1.8 months and overall survival were 7 ± 0.6 months. The level of statistical signiﬁcance among GPA groups was p less than 0.0001. CONCLUSIONS: It seems that the preoperative GPA is able to predict Gamma-knife radiosurgery results in patients with brain metastases. However, the results should be confirmed with further clinical trial assessments. KEYWORDS: Brain metastases, GPA Score, Gamma-knife radiosurgery, Predict
Skin Fungi from Colonization to Infection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Humans are exceptional among vertebrates in that their living tissue is directly exposed to the outside world. In the absence of protective scales, feathers, or fur, the skin has to be highly effective in defending the organism against a gamut of opportunistic fungi surrounding us. Most (sub)cutaneous infections enter the body by implantation through the skin barrier. On intact skin, two types of fungal expansion are noted: (A) colonization by commensals, i.e., growth enabled by conditions prevailing on the skin surface without degradation of tissue, and (B) infection by superficial pathogens that assimilate epidermal keratin and interact with the cellular immune system. In a response-damage framework (1), all fungi are potentially able to cause disease, as a balance between their natural predilection and the immune status of the host. For this reason we will not attribute a fixed ecological term to each species, but rather describe them as growing in a commensal state (A) or in a pathogenic state (B).
Preparation of Oil-Encapsulated Microcapsules and TribologicalProperty of Ni Composite Coating Containing Them

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Microcapsules containing oil are potential candidate materials for preparing electrocomposite coatings with excellent tribological properties. In the present study, the preparation of oil-encapsulated microcapsules and electrodeposition of Ni-microcapsule composite coating are
presented along with the properties of the coating. In situ interfacial polymerization method was used for the preparation of lubricating oil-encapsulated urea-formaldehyde microcapsules. The synthesized microcapsules were incorporated into the nickel matrix by electrodeposition using Ni-Watts bath. The Ni-composite coating containing microcapsules exhibited smaller Ni grain size, higher microhardness and lower surface roughness compared to plain Ni coating. Electrodeposited Ni coating containing oil-encapsulated microcapsules exhibited
improved tribological properties with lower wear loss and coefficient of friction compared to plain nickel coating.
Management of Ethical University Brand Promotion on the International Markets

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The export of Russian education is linked to promoting universities internationally. Following ethical standards when promoting a brand strengthens its image, reputation, and attractiveness to foreign students. This chapter identifies issues with marketing communications between Russian universities and international students. It proposes a model for managing ethical brand promotion conceptually and practically. Desk research methods were used, including synthesis, traditional content analysis, and interdisciplinary assessment. The conceptual level manages ethical promotion through social/ethical marketing from three perspectives: caring for current and future students, applying values to educational services, and legal brand responsibility. The practical level uses social/ethical tools like PR and integrated communications ethically. Recommendations were expressed by (1) in detailing approaches to social and ethical marketing based on segmentation of foreign students according to priority individual and cultural values, and behavior patterns of students from different generations Y and Z when choosing a university, based on differentiated brand positioning for target segments; (2) in the systematization of international and Russian regulatory documents establishing the rules of ethical marketing communications; (3) in systematizing the ethical principles of brand promotion via the Internet and digital channels; and (4) in developing activities that allow universities to ensure confidentiality in marketing communications with the brand’s target audience.
Organizaciones privadas del sector salud de maracaibo: estrategias financieras y ventajas competitivas

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The objective of the research was to analyze the financial strategies for developing competitive advantages in the private health sector organizations in Maracaibo, Venezuela, through a descriptive methodology that required documental analysis and the application of a survey as tool for data collection, to the financial managers of the health centres of the city. A trend was found in the financial strategies of giving importance to the generation of business value and shareholder value, as well as a dual type of internal-external funding that positively affect the development of competitive advantages that allow them to face the dynamism imposed by the context.
The Use of Molecular Pathway Inhibitors in the Treatment of Osteosarcoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Presently, the 5-year survival rate for metastatic osteosarcoma remains low despite advances in chemotherapeutics and neoadjuvant therapy. A majority of the morbidity and nearly all of the mortality in osteosarcoma rely not in the primary disease but in the metastatic disease. The pursuit of novel molecular therapies is attractive due to their targeted ability to combat metastasis. Unlike traditional chemotherapy agents, which work by targeting rapidly dividing cells, targeted therapies may spare normal cells and decrease the adverse effects of chemotherapy by targeting specific pathways. Here, we discuss key molecular pathways in osteosarcoma and their ability to be modulated for the goal of eradication of primary and metastatic disease. We focus specifically on the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) pathways.
Sojourners' social support on the relationship between identity conflict and psychological outcomes.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The present study aims to find outwhether the social support that the sojourners receivedwill moderate the relationship between identity conflict and psychological outcomes.Sixty-five Chinese sojourners participated in the study and completed a questionnaire. Results showed that there was significant interaction effect of the number of Singapore and China friends one had, closeness with China friends and actual social supportthat one received from China friends on the relationship between identity conflict and psychological outcomes. However, no significant interaction effect was found for perceived social support from family members, Singapore or China friends. Although in most cases, no significant effect of identity conflict on psychological outcomes were found based on simple slope analysis, there was a trend that the slopes went in the opposite direction of each other. For participants with high social support from home culture, the higher the identity conflict, the higher the level of psychological outcomes whereas for those with low social support from home culture, the lower the identity conflict, the higher the level of psychological outcomes. On the other hand, for participants with high social support from host culture, the lower the identity conflict, the higher the level of psychological outcomes whereas for those with low social support from host culture, the higher the identity conflict, the higher the level of psychological outcomes. It seemed like different sources of social support had different impact on the relationship between identity conflict and psychological outcomes. Implications and the directions for future research were further discussed.