jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Impact on Software Quality for Evolving Systems in Distributed Development Environments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Context: The existing body of knowledge falls short of providing comprehensive empirical evidence on the impact that global software development (GSD) strategies have on software quality during software evolution. The realization of expected benefits of such GSD strategies, e.g. reduced costs, should not be taken for granted. Challenges faced can negatively impact quality, which can consequently inhibit the realization of the potential benefits. Objective: This licentiate thesis provides empirical evidence pertaining to the effect on quality for evolving systems in distributed development environments. The aim is to provide empirical evidence that can be useful input in the decision-making process for future GSD projects that are executed in distributed development environments. Method: The findings presented in this licentiate thesis are obtained from three empirical studies and one extensive systematic literature review. The empirical studies were conducted at two large multinational corporations. Meanwhile, the purpose of the systematic review was to obtain empirical information that was used to successfully execute one of the empirical studies. All empirical work was done using both quantitative data (e.g., defect data, features per release, source code measures, release history) and qualitative data (e.g., interviews, focus group meetings, questionnaires, and analysis of company documentations). Result: Transfers have a potentially negative impact on quality and efficiency. Observations that were made on quantitative data in all three empirical studies were triangulated with subjective opinions that were obtained from practitioners. When studying the quality of a large software system, a significant decrease in quality was identified; similarly in a study focusing on maintenance work efficiency two studied large software products showed a noticeable decrease. Meanwhile, there was no discernible impact on quality for two products, as a result of distributed development and the handover of responsibilities between involved sites. Transfer critical factors, which can impact quality, as well as transfer enabling factors, which can alleviate transfer-related issues, were also identified from these empirical studies. Conclusions: Companies that engage in software transfers should expect a decline in quality during and immediately after a transfer. There are practices, such as, engaging in distributed development, and the gradual handover of responsibilities, that can alleviate transfer-related issues. The findings in this licentiate thesis can be a valuable input in the decision-making process for companies engaging in transfers in GSD contexts, and thus help in making informed decisions in current or future transfers. Moreover, this licentiate thesis shows that analyzing the evolution of size and complexity properties of a product’s source code, and defect data, can also provide useful objective data to support decision-making during similar projects.
Esthetic improvement in the patient with one missing maxillary central incisor restored with porcelain laminate veneers

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

This article describes esthetic improvement in a patient with a missing maxillary left central incisor. Space analysis of the anterior dentition showed that minor tooth rearrangement was needed. Optimal space distribution for restorations was attained by orthodontic treatment. Through transforming tooth shape with porcelain laminate veneers, the maxillary left lateral incisor was transformed into central incisor and the maxillary left canine into a lateral incisor. The maxillary right central incisor was also restored for esthetic improvement. In a case of changing a tooth shape with porcelain laminate veneers, pre-treatment evaluation, space analysis and diagnostic wax-up are important factors.
Memoirs of the topography, orography, hydrography, and archaeology

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Archive Editions in association with the Palestine Exploration Fund present the re-publication of one of the great standard works of reference for Middle East studies the Survey of Western Palestine carried out between 1871 and 1877 by C. R. Condor and H. H. Kitchener, later Lord Kitchener. We have added the one volume of the Survey of Eastern Palestine to comply with the intention of the original surveyors. The dates 1882-1888 are relevant to the original publication of the volumes rather than the dates of the survey itself.
Interaction of peripheral and cerebellar inputs to red nucleus neurons.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In chloralose anesthetized cats responses of red nucleus neurons to cerebellar cortical or peripheral stimulation are described. Interactions between cerebellar (conditioning) and peripheral (test) stimulations were studied at various interstimulus intervals. Peripheral stimulation alone typically evoked a complex response consisting of an early (15 ms latency) burst, a period of depression of activity (inhibition, lasting up to 300 ms) and a late, long-lasting (on an average 300 ms) excitation. Cerebellar cortical stimulation resulted in a similar pattern of response; but it was composed predominantly of only two phases, an initial inhibition followed by a prolonged late discharge. With conditioning- testing intervals in a range of 10-150 ms, depending on the cell, there was a conspicuous depression of the sh0i.t-latency test excitation, followed by a prominent potentiation of this component. An occlusion of the inhibitory or late excitatory responses occurred when conditioning-testing stimuli were applied with an interval shorter than 0.5 s. It is suggested that the early excitation and the subsequent late components are generated in the red nucleus by independent mechanisms. The initial depression of the early test response is explained as an effect of Purkinje cell inhibition, and the later potentiation as a result of temporary blockage of the cerebellar cortex to afferent input.
Digestion of Raw Starch Granules by the Action of Amylase, Particualary on the Rice Starch Granule

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

うるちゴメ4品種のデンプン,もちゴメ2品種のデンプン,ジャガイモとトウモロコシ,各1品種のデンプンを用い,生の状態のまま結晶状態にまで精製されたバクテリアα-アミラーゼを作用させ,部分的に消化をうけ残ったデンプンの性質を調べた.うるちゴメデンプンではいずれの品種でも明らかにヨウ素親和力の増加,ヨウ素複合体の可視吸光度の増大,およびその吸収頂点の長波長側への移動がみられた.他のデンプンではこのような変化が全くみられないか,あるいは多少逆に変化するのが認められた.うるちゴメ1品種のデンプンを選び,その部分的消化をうけたデンプンを分別したところ,もとのデンプンにはみられなかった中間的な性質の区分が得られた.また酵素による分解前後のデンプンのX線回折図を比較したところ,全く変化がみられなかった.これらの事実よりコメデンプン粒の構造について考察した. 本報告の要旨は昭和37年4月29日仙台において開かれた日本農芸化学会大会において発表した.
Black and white and read all over The constraints and opportunities of monochrome cartography in newspapers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

AbstractNewspapers have traditionally appeared in monochrome, thus newspaper map designers have for most of their careers needed to exploit the opportunities available with black and white cartography, and although aware of the constraints this imposes, they have been unable to experiment with the possibilities that colour holds. In recent years however this has changed. Advances in technology have allowed newspapers to print in four-colour — most noticeable in the use of colour photography — facilitating the use of colour maps. This paper discusses with examples how and why black and white maps are used in newspapers and what colour can add.
WASP-120 b, WASP-122 b, and WASP-123 b: Three Newly Discovered Planets from the WASP-South Survey

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present the discovery by the WASP-South survey of three planets transiting moderately bright stars (V ~ 11). WASP-120b is a massive (5.0MJup) planet in a 3.6-day orbit that we find likely to be eccentric (e = 0.059+0.025-0.018) around an F5 star. WASP-122b is a hot-Jupiter (1.37MJup, 1.79RJup) in a 1.7-day orbit about a G4 star. Our predicted transit depth variation cause by the atmosphere of WASP-122b suggests it is well suited to characterisation. WASP-123b is a hot-Jupiter (0.92MJup, 1.33RJup) in a 3.0-day orbit around an old (~ 7 Gyr) G5 star.
REVIEW: Properties of Cereal Brans: A Review

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Cereal brans are functional ingredients with high nutritive value and enormous health properties. Cereal brans have not been fully utilized in food systems despite their health benefits. This review presents an overview on the physical, chemical, microbiological, functional, and sensory properties of cereal brans for possible comparisons and selection to enhance the utilization of this underutilized milling fraction.
Fission gas collection and storage system

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

From 21st conference on remote systems technology; San Francisco, California, USA (11 Nov 1973). See CONF-731l11-. A system designed to store fission gases released from cladding punctures in irradiated fuel elements is described. The fission gas storage system consists of two shielded cryosorption pumps located out-of-cell in a ventilated enclosure and is used in conjunction with a remote vacuum drilling apparatus which is used to puncture the fuel cladding. When a pump has reached its storage limit capacity it is removed from service for 90 days to allow decay of short half-life isotopes, after which time the pump contents are transferred to a cylinder for disposal. (LCL)
Geometric morphometric analyses define riverine and lacustrine species flocks of Himalayan snowtrout (Cyprinidae: Schizothorax) in Nepal

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Freshwater fishes in the river and lake systems in the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau are morphologically diverged but the evolutionary relationship of putative subspecies separated in these freshwater systems has not been explored. Snowtrout ( Schizothorax spp.) are minnows (Cyprinidae) broadly distributed in Asia. Body shapes of 3 Lake Rara (northwest Nepal) endemics ( S. macrophthalmus , S. nepalensis , S. raraensis ) and 2 widely distributed riverine species ( S. progastus , S. richardsonii ) across 3 drainages in Nepal (i.e. Karnali, Gandaki, and Koshi Rivers) were studied using geometric morphometry. Data were derived from museum voucher specimens/tissues collected in 1984-1986 and 1996 (Lake Rara). Cartesian coordinates of 18 anatomical points (Type I landmarks) from 528 individuals were digitized; shape variation was then quantified with principal component analysis and visualized with thin-plate splines derived from a Procrustes analysis. Models of shape variation (i.e. taxonomy versus geography) were tested with a multivariate analysis of variance and a morphological distance matrix. Phylogeographic relationships were examined with a haplotype network (N = 115) derived from 1140 base pairs of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene, and selected GenBank sequences (N = 5). Koshi River snowtrout diverged morphologically from conspecifics, consistent with the phylogeographic data. In contrast, Gandaki and Karnali River snowtrout grouped by morphotype (up- versus downstream) irrespective of geographic origin, yet clustered separately within the haplotype network. Lake Rara snowtrout were morphologically but not genetically distinct, due to incomplete lineage sorting. Morphological and genetic variability in Schizothorax from Nepal represent a mosaic driven by isolation (= vicariance) and specialization (= adaptation), with taxonomy insufficiently reflecting diversity. Additional data are required to appropriately derive management and effective conservation plans.
Nonsurgical Endodontic Retreatment After Failed Apical Surgery

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

This case study describes a conservative (orthograde) endodontic retreatment procedure of the teeth which underwent apical surgery and yet they still presented a periapical pathology.Healing was achieved without any need for another endodontic surgical intervention.It proves the effectiveness of this alternative treatment, although sensitive to technical errors that can intervene due to the high difficulty of the large apical size of the root after resection.
How to get the weak order out of a digraph ?

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We construct a poset from a simple acyclic digraph together with a valuation on its vertices, and we compute the values of its Möbius function. We show that the weak order on Coxeter groups $A$<sub>$n-1$</sub>, $B$<sub>$n$</sub>, $Ã$<sub>$n$</sub>, and the flag weak order on the wreath product &#8484;<sub>$r$</sub> &#8768; $S$<sub>$n$</sub> introduced by Adin, Brenti and Roichman (2012), are special instances of our construction. We conclude by briefly explaining how to use our work to define quasi-symmetric functions, with a special emphasis on the $A$<sub>$n-1$</sub> case, in which case we obtain the classical Stanley symmetric function. On construit une famille d’ensembles ordonnés à partir d’un graphe orienté, simple et acyclique munit d’une valuation sur ses sommets, puis on calcule les valeurs de leur fonction de Möbius respective. On montre que l’ordre faible sur les groupes de Coxeter $A$<sub>$n-1$</sub>, $B$<sub>$n$</sub>, $Ã$<sub>$n$</sub>, ainsi qu’une variante de l’ordre faible sur les produits en couronne &#8484;<sub>$r$</sub> &#8768; $S$<sub>$n$</sub> introduit par Adin, Brenti et Roichman (2012), sont des cas particuliers de cette construction. On conclura en expliquant brièvement comment ce travail peut-être utilisé pour définir des fonction quasi-symétriques, en insistant sur l’exemple de l’ordre faible sur $A$<sub>$n-1$</sub> où l’on obtient les séries de Stanley classiques.
A Novel and Expeditious Approach to Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical 5,5-Spiroimide Building Blocks

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Symmetrical and unsymmetrical spiro-bis-imides and corresponding 3-methoxycarbonyl succinimides were prepared in very good yields starting from dimethyl malonate and suitable α-bromoacetamides in a one-pot procedure or two-steps sequence, respectively. The mechanistic aspects of these transformations were also discussed. Keywords: Diazaspiro[4.4]nonane, peptide coupling, spirocyclisation, carbanion, cascade, tandem
Election preferences of the inhabitants of West Pomerania in local elections in the Third Republic of Poland

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Western Pomerania was said to be called as a stronghold of the left, for the Democratic Left Alliance both in the 1990s and at the beginning of the 21st century achieved some of the best results in the country. Only after the parliamentary and presidential elections in 2005 and the local government elections in 2006, the electoral preferences changed towards the center of the political scene. The Civic Platform of the Republic of Poland turned out to be the change, Law and Justice to a lesser extent. The article presents a political analysis of the voting preferences of the inhabitants of West Pomerania in the local government elections with regard to the three mentioned parties. The aim of the research was to analyze the direction in which the electorate goes. It was checked whether the SLD was permanently eliminated and how strong the dominance of the PO was. Furthermore it was examined whether PiS is a real threat to the PO RP and whether the SLD has a chance to regain its lost position. It seems that regardless of the attempts made, the position of the SLD after the 2006 elections is stable and there are no indications that the Alliance could dominate the analyzed region again. However, in spite of the fact that since 2006 the PO enjoys high support, since 2014 PiS has been achieving better and better results, depriving the PO RP hegemon in its position in 2006–2014.
Assessment cytotoxic assay of Rhizophora plants mangrove using brine shrimp (Artemia salina L) model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Rhizophoraceae is the main family of mangroves as a source of bioactive compounds originating from the coast. Ethnophamacologically Rhizophoraceae has been used in various traditional medicine. Natural sources as anticancer from the Rhizophoraceae family are interesting to know. This study aimed to determine the cytotoxic bioactivity of methanolic extracts of roots, bark, leaves, and fruit/hypocotyl from five species of Rhizophoraceae (Bruguieria cylindrica, B. gymnorrhiza, Ceriops decandra, Rhizophora apiculata, and R. mucronata) from the Langsa mangrove forest, Aceh. The method used in this study was the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) bioassay using Artemia salina Leach at extract concentrations of 1, 10, 100, 500, and 1000 μg/ml. Samples were extracted using the maceration method and methanol as the solvent. The cytotoxic activity of 20 Rhizophoraceae methanol extracts showed that 12 extracts were toxic with an LC50 range of 31.5 - 934.9 μg/ml (based on LC 50 ≤ 1000 μg/ml). The two extracts of which the closest to highly toxic (based on LC 50 ≤ 30 μg/ml) were C. decandra bark showed LC 50 of 31.5 μg/ml, and R. mucronata bark showed LC 50 31.8 μg/ml. This shows that Rhizophoraceae extract has potential as a natural anticancer agent. In the five rhizophoraceae species, C. decandra was the most active compared to other species. In the four plant parts, the bark was the most toxic.
Traceability and Spectral Analysis of Transmission Error in Rotary Vector Planetary Gear Reducers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The rotary vector planetary gear reducer is a critical joint reducer widely employed in various robotic systems. Due to numerous components and complex motion, the machining and assembly of its components significantly impact its motion accuracy. This paper utilizes transmission error (TE) traceability analysis and Fourier analysis to identify and characterize the TE components in rotary vector planetary reducers. By analyzing the motion characteristics of individual components, this study identifies the frequency characteristics of each component. Fourier frequency domain discretization, based on experimental TE measurements, verifies these characteristics, identifying the main factors affecting TE and providing theoretical support for enhancing transmission accuracy.
Synthesis and structure of a novel .mu.-dimethyldimethylenecyclopentenyl bis(.mu.-hydrido) mixed-valence titanium(III)/titanium(II) compound

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and structure of a novel .mu.-dimethyldimethylenecyclopentenyl bis(.mu.-hydrido) mixed-valence titanium(III)/titanium(II) compoundSergei I. Troyanov, Karel Mach, and Vojtech VargaCite this: Organometallics 1993, 12, 9, 3387–3389Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00033a004https://doi.org/10.1021/om00033a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views103Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The Retail Pharmacy Market in the Brazilian Federal District

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Pharmacies are important sites for accessing medication use, promoting rational use of medicines and educating the community. The study aimed to investigate the retail market of drugs in pharmacies and drugstores in the Brazilian Federal District and to better understand about this scenario evaluated some aspects and used indicators. Information was extracted from the database of the Regional Pharmacy Board of the FD covering the period from 2000 to 2012. The numbers of drugstores and compounding pharmacies increased by 353.72% and 138%, respectively, during the period and most have opened than closed. The drugstore per capita ratio, which was 1/8,044 in 2000, is now 1/2,680 in 2010. Moreover, these facilities are now concentrated in areas with higher incomes and greater economic activity. In 2012, 32.5% of drugstores and 79% of compounding pharmacies were identified as belonging to pharmacists, and only the minority of the establishments was registered as a pharmacy chain. The main violations of pharmaceutical establishments detected by the Board were the absence or lack of a pharmacist and lack of legal registration. It was concluded that there was a great expansion of the pharmaceutical retail market in the Federal District of Brazil. Increasing in the number of establishment was higher than the population growth and the data suggest that the concentration of properties is related to the population purchasing power.
An evaluation of the economic effects of bovine respiratory disease on animal performance, carcass traits, and economic outcomes in feedlot cattle defined using four BRD diagnosis methods

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) causes significant economic losses to the feedlot industry due to decreased production and increased costs associated with treatment. This study aimed to assess the impacts of BRD on performance, carcass traits, and economic outcomes defined using four BRD diagnosis methods: number of BRD treatments an animal received, pleural lesions at slaughter, lung lesions at slaughter, and clinical BRD status defined using both treatment records and lung and pleural lesions. Crossbred steers (n = 898), with an initial body weight of 432 kg (± SD 51), were followed from feedlot entry to slaughter. Veterinary treatment records were collected and lungs scored at slaughter for lesions indicative of BRD. There was an 18% morbidity rate and a 2.1% BRD mortality rate, with an average net loss of AUD$1,647.53 per BRD mortality. Animals treated ≥3 times for BRD had 39.6 kg lighter carcasses at slaughter and returned an average of AUD$384.97 less compared to animals never treated for BRD (P &lt; 0.001). Animals with severe lung lesions at slaughter grew 0.3 kg/d less, had 14.3 kg lighter carcasses at slaughter, and returned AUD$91.50 less than animals with no lung lesions (P &lt; 0.001). Animals with subclinical and clinical BRD had 16.0 kg and 24.1 kg lighter carcasses, respectively, and returned AUD$67.10 and AUD$213.90 less at slaughter, respectively, compared to healthy animals that were never treated with no lesions (P &lt; 0.001). The severity of BRD based on the number of treatments an animal received and the severity of lung and pleural lesions reduced animal performance, carcass weight and quality, and economic returns. Subclinical BRD reduced animal performance and economic returns compared to healthy animals; however, subclinical animals still had greater performance than animals with clinical BRD. This information can be used to plan for strategic investments aimed at reducing the impacts of BRD in feedlot cattle such as improved detection methods for subclinical animals with lesions at slaughter and BRD treatment protocols.