jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
X-Ray Diffraction Powder Data of Some Normal Alkyl Dithiol Esters of Sebacic Acid

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTX-Ray Diffraction Powder Data of Some Normal Alkyl Dithiol Esters of Sebacic AcidD. A. Lutz, L. P. Witnauer, Richard. Sasin, and G. S. SasinCite this: Anal. Chem. 1957, 29, 12, 1780–1782Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60132a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60132a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views29Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A “social cure” for minority stress? Individual and collective identity strategies on the mental health outcomes of lesbian and gay people

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Lesbian and gay (LG) people experience minority stressors, resulting in adverse mental health outcomes. To cope, many LG people engage in individualistic or collectivistic strategies, that is, self-distancing or connecting with their in-group, the LGBTQ+ community. Even though research suggests what may help LG people cope with minority stress, it is less clear how and under which conditions they do so. In this study, we examine how LG people employ individualistic and collectivistic strategies and what that entails for the negative relationship between minority stress and mental health. A total of 199 responses from British LG people were collected via the online crowdsourcing platform Clickworker. A custom mediation model indicated that, for collectivistic strategies, higher levels of minority stress were associated with increased LGBTQ+ community identification, and LGBTQ+ identification was positively related to high LGBTQ+ social support; in turn, LGBTQ+ social support was associated with positive mental health outcomes. For individualistic strategies, results show higher minority stress was related to an increased likelihood of individual mobility, but individual mobility was not associated with mental health outcomes. These findings highlight how collectivistic responses to minority stress might prove more reliable than individualistic ones in enhancing the mental health of LG people.
Quantum Chemistry Computation of Rate Constants for Reactions Involved in the First Aromatic Ring Formation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The formation of the first aromatic ring plays an important role in defining the chemical reaction pathways responsible for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and soot formation. In this work, the relative importance of cyclo-C5 species formation with respect to the cyclo-C6 one from the attack of vinyl radical on 1,3-butadiene has been investigated through quantum Rice−Ramsperger−Kassel (QRRK) theory and quantum chemistry. A fast and accurate method, which differs from the standard G2MP2 method in that geometries were optimized with B3LYP/6-31G(d,p), has also been proposed and validated. Kinetic constants for each elementary process involved in the reaction mechanism were determined with conventional transition-state theory. It has been found that the rate of formation of C5H6c5 is always larger than that of C6H8c6 in the whole temperature range investigated (that is, 500−2000 K). All of the results presented in this work lead to the conclusion that the reaction paths involving cyclo-C5 species cannot be neglected in the detailed kinetic modeling of combustion processes when the first aromatic ring formation is involved.
Development of an in Vitro Potency Assay for Anti-anthrax Lethal Toxin Neutralizing Antibodies

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Lethal toxin (LT) of Bacillus anthracis reduces the production of a number of inflammatory mediators, including transcription factors, chemokines and cytokines in various human cell lines, leading to down-regulation of the host inflammatory response. Previously we showed that the reduction of interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a sensitive marker of LT-mediated intoxication in human neutrophil-like NB-4 cells and that IL-8 levels are restored to normality when therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAb) with toxin-neutralising (TN) activity are added. We used this information to develop cell-based assays that examine the effects of TN therapeutic mAbs designed to treat LT intoxication and here we extend these findings. We present an in vitro assay based on human endothelial cell line HUVEC jr2, which measures the TN activity of therapeutic anti-LT mAbs using IL-8 as a marker for intoxication. HUVEC jr2 cells have the advantage over NB-4 cells that they are adherent, do not require a differentiation step and can be used in a microtitre plate format and therefore can facilitate high throughput analysis. This human cell-based assay provides a valid alternative to the mouse macrophage assay as it is a more biologically relevant model of the effects of toxin-neutralising antibodies in human infection.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Liposomal Delivery of MicroRNA-7–Expressing Plasmid Overcomes Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Resistance in Lung Cancer Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Liposomal Delivery of MicroRNA-7–Expressing Plasmid Overcomes Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Resistance in Lung Cancer Cells
The analytic hierarchy process and analytic network process: an overview of applications

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a detailed literature review of the recent applications of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and analytic network process (ANP) group decision‐making methodologies. Design/methodology/approach Among more than 600 related papers published in the period 2005‐2009, a total of 232 application articles published in highly reputed international academic journals were selected and referenced in this paper. Papers were categorized according to application areas, subject titles, publication date, country of origin, academic journals, and integrated methodologies, and are summarized herein by various tables and charts. Findings The findings show that during the years 2005‐2009, use of the AHP technique has continued to increase exponentially. Moreover, it is expected that ANP will gain more popularity in the future, as the benefits of ANP become better understood. Applications of AHP have been dominant in manufacturing, followed by the environmental management and agriculture field, power and energy industry, transportation industry, construction industry, and healthcare. Other remarkable application fields include education, logistics, e‐business, IT, R&D, telecommunication industry, finance and banking, urban management, defense industry and military, government, marketing, tourism and leisure, archaeology, auditing, and the mining industry. Research limitations/implications The study does not consider theoretical based AHP or ANP articles. Also the search excluded conference proceedings, masters' theses, and doctoral dissertations. Practical implications It is hoped that this study will guide practitioners in future work towards advancement of these techniques and will help the managers to select better decisions by making use of these methodologies. Originality/value The paper presents a comprehensive literature review of recent applications of AHP, and also ANP decision tools over the period 2005‐2009. Furthermore, the paper covers fuzzy AHP and fuzzy ANP extensions that are becoming popular methods in some application areas of traditional AHP and ANP.
Clinical observation of general anesthesia of laryngeal mask airway on patients with hypertension in laparoscopic cholecystecomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To observe the influence on BP and HR of patients with hypertension in laparoscopic cholecystecomy(LC) by using general anesthesia of laryngeal mask airway(LMA).Methods :100 essential hypertension patients (ASAⅠorⅡ class) under LC were allocated rando-mly to either LMA group(n=50) or endotracheal intubation (ETT) group (n=50) with mechanical ventilation. HR and mean arterial pressure(MAP) were recorded before anaesthesia, induce, put into LMA/ ETT immediately , cholecysectomy , extubation immediately ,and done group compa-rison. Results: HR and MAP in ETT group were significantly quicker or higher at the intubati-on,the extubation than the induction,and before anesthesia .MAP at the induction in LMA group were singnificantly higher than ETT group.HR at cholecysectomy in LMA group and ETT group were slower than the induction or put laryngeal mask.HR and MAP at the extubation or the extubated laryngeal mask in ETT group and LMA group were singnificantly quicker or higher.Conclusion:General anesthesia of LMA can prevents hemodynamic effects and avoid the violent motion of blood pressure and HR in LC.
On the second eigenvalue and linear expansion of regular graphs

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The authors investigate the relation between the second eigen-value and the linear expansion of regular graphs. The spectral method is the best currently known technique to prove lower bounds on the expansion. He improves this technique by showing that the expansion coefficient of linear-sized subsets of a k-regular graph G is at least k/2(1- square root max(0,1-/sub lambda 1(G)2//sup 4k-4/))/sup -/ , where lambda /sub 1/(G) is the second largest eigenvalue of the graph. In particular, the linear expansion of Ramanujan graphs, which have the property that the second largest eigenvalue is at most 2 square root k-1, is at least (k/2)/sup -/. This improves upon the best previously known lower bound of 3(k-2)/8. For any integer k such that k-1 is prime, he explicitly constructs an infinite family of k-regular graphs G/sub n/ on n vertices whose linear expansion is k/2 and such that lambda /sub 1/(G/sub n/)>
Solid phase synthesis of the retro viral nucleocapsid protein NCp10 of Moloney Murine Leukaemia virus and related “zinc‐fingers” in free SH forms

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The core of retroviruses contains a highly conserved, low molecular weight, basic protein that binds nucleic acids and is essential for genomic RNA packaging. The 56 amino acid protein, NCp10, of Moloney Murine Leukaemia virus (MoMuLV) has the CysX 2 CysX 4 HisX 4 Cys zinc finger‐like motif shared by all retrovirus nucleocapsid proteins. The native protein and five modified peptides containing the zinc binding domain were synthesized by solid phase in order to investigate the structural and biochemical role of Zn 2+ chelation in MoMuLV NCp10 activity. The purity of the synthetic molecules was verified by HPLC and their sequences were confirmed by amino acid analysis and sequencing in the case of NCp10. Thiol dosage agreed with the theoretical value of free cysteine for all these molecules. Fluorescence measurements performed on synthetic NCp10 and zinc finger fragments showed that the tryptophan quantum yield was Zn 2+ ‐dependent allowing a 1:1 stoichiometry for the complex to be determined. The apparent affinity constant of NCp10 for the metal was estimated to be superior to 10 6 M ‐1 . The synthetic protein, in the presence of Zn 2+ ions, possesses all the biological properties of NCp10 isolated from virions. It catalyzes both the MoMuLV RNA dimerization and the annealing of the replication primer tRNA Pro onto MoMuLV RNA.
Teahouses and Telephones

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Telecommunication infrastructure that enables mobile communication has penetrated all regions of China with unprecedented speed. Tibetan pastoral regions in the north of Sichuan are no exception. Along with road and urban construction, the enlarged telecommunication system has become part of the landscape. Tibetan pastoralists’ mobility patterns and forms of communication have been affected by these developments, and spatial practices have undergone significant transformation. One aspect in which spatial transformations become manifest is in the increased tendency of pastoralists to visit towns. This has contributed to a growth in the number of teahouses and similar gathering places where pastoralists converge. This paper examines how pastoralists embed mobile communication into fixed-place sociability located in towns. It argues that, although mobile communication implies mobility, helping people living in remote areas maintain contact over distance, it is in fact used as a tool of contact and interaction in the centralised location of towns and teahouses.
<span lang="EN-US">Three new species of Crinipellis and one new variety of Moniliophthora (Basidiomycota, Marasmiaceae) described from the Republic of Korea</span>

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Three new species of Crinipellis (Basidiomycota, Marasmiaceae), and one new variety of Moniliophthora are described from the Republic of Korea. Crinipellis birhizomorpha is characterized as having a short stipe arising from both substrate and rhizomorphs, and as forming rhizomorphs of two types, one forming abortive pilei; C. pallidipilus has golden brown, then distinctly pallescent pileus hairs, very long, hairy rhizomorphs of one type, and rather wide basidiospores in comparison with other species described here; and C. wandoensis has a brown to dark brown pileus, hairy rhizomorphs of one type, and both non-dextrinoid and slightly dextrinoid basidiospores. A new combination, Moniliophthora conchata is proposed. A new variety, Moniliophthora conchata var. brevispora differs from the type variety in having smaller basidiospores. Their detailed macro- and microscopic descriptions are given, and their taxonomic positions were confirmed using DNA studies. A key to the identification of Crinipellis and Moniliophthora taxa recorded in this country is also provided.
Geometric and Material Variability of the Probability of Landward Slope Failure for Homogeneous River Levees

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Holistic flood risk management (FRM) aims at minimizing the flood risk (FR) for an entire river basin. To this end, the probability of flooding and its consequences must also be taken into account in the planning of flood risk management measures. If the FR is to be limited by the flooding probability value (e.g., by changing the structural reliability), knowledge of the variability of the limit state is required. As an example, this study quantifies for the first time the variability of the probability of a landside slope failure on homogeneous river levees, using the Monte Carlo simulation. In the slip circle method developed by Krey that is used for this purpose, four geometric and six material input parameters are included as being uncertain, of which four emerge in the result as being relevant influencing variables of the failure probability. These analyses extend our understanding of landward slope failure by the variability of the limit state; the results allow a targeted adjustment of the local failure probability to limit the flood risk. In the future, the methodology presented is to be supplemented by the integration of parameter dependencies and, once in use, expanded to include structured cross-sections or additional failure mechanisms.
Design of ZnO:Al films with optimized surface texture for silicon thin-film solar cells

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This study addresses the design of radio frequency (rf) magnetron sputtered aluminum doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al) front contacts for silicon thin-film solar cells. Optimized films comprise high conductivity and transparency, as well as a surface topography trapping the light within the photovoltaically active layers. We have investigated the influence of the doping level of the target as well as the substrate temperature during sputter deposition on the ZnO:Al properties. The aluminum content in the target influences the transmission in the near infrared (NIR), the conductivity as well as the film growth of the ZnO:Al layer. The latter affects the surface topography which develops during wet-chemical etching in diluted hydrochloric acid. Depending on aluminum content in the target and heater temperature three different regimes of etching behavior have been identified. We have applied the ZnO:Al films as front contacts in thin-film silicon solar cells to study their light trapping ability. While high transparency is a prerequisite, the light trapping has been improved using front contacts with a surface topography consisting of relatively uniformly dispersed craters. We have identified low amount of target doping and high substrate temperatures as sputter parameters enabling high cell currents. Short-circuit current densities of up to 26.8 mA/cm2 have been realized in μc-Si:H single junction cell with absorber layer thickness of 1.9 μm.
Early postdisaster health outreach to modern families: a cross-sectional study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives This study investigated whether the early outreach programme following the Utøya massacre reached out to the parents of the young survivors. Additionally, we explored whether specialised mental healthcare services were provided to parents presenting elevated levels of PTSD and depression reactions. Design Cross-sectional survey, face-to-face interviews and questionnaires. Setting Norway, aftermath of the Utøya massacre, 4–7 months postdisaster. Background Following the Utøya massacre, proactive early outreach programmes were launched in all municipalities that were affected, facilitating access to appropriate healthcare services. Participants A total of 453 parents of the Utøya survivors aged 13–33 years took part. Overall, 59.8% of the survivors were represented by one or more parent in our study. Main outcome measures Engagement with the proactive early outreach programme (psychosocial crisis teams and contact persons in the municipalities), utilisation of healthcare services (general practitioner and specialised mental healthcare services) and mental distress (UCLA PTSD-RI and HSCL-8). Results A majority of the participants reported contact with the proactive early outreach programme (crisis team, 73.9%; and contact person, 73.0%). Failure of outreach to parents was significantly associated with non-intact family structure (crisis team: OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.72, p=0.032) and non-Norwegian origin (crisis team: OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.14 to 4.98, p=0.021). Gender of the parent was not significantly associated with failure of the outreach programme (p≥0.075). Provision of specialised mental healthcare services was significantly associated with higher levels of PTSD (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.55 to 2.79, p<0.001) and depression (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.71 to 3.43, p<0.001) and not with the sociodemography (p≥0.122). Conclusions Proactive early outreach strategies may be helpful in identifying healthcare needs and facilitating access to the required services in a population struck by disaster. Our findings prompt increased attention to the complexity of family structures in reaching out universally to modern families following a disaster.
Schubert’s Ihr Bild

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Since it is certainly not possible to detect a motive in these bars, it is a question of what other purpose they fulfill. Do they just simply introduce the key, or do they perhaps prefigure the initial tone of the voice part, or both? Now be that as it may, in any event one would still have to ask why the master strikes the same tone twice when it was also quite possible simply to let it remain sounding during the two bars. In fact, the answer to this second question brings us the solution of the puzzle: repeating that tone in a slow tempo, after a rest no less, amounts to staring at it, as it were, and while we do this we feel ourselves miraculously trans-ported right to the side of the unhappy lover, who stands there “in gloomy dreams” (in dunkeln Träumen), staring at the picture of his beloved: we, too, now stare at the picture with him. It is a simple artistic device, is it not, to replace a tone sustained for two bars with a repetition of that tone interrupted by a rest? and yet it must take a genius, for only a genius is given the ability to notice the difference between such possibilities, just as, generally speaking, only a genius is given the ability to supply himself instantly, in the midst of a psychological process, with the power to introduce this type of artistic device. Thus right with the first notes Schubert shows himself the true magician, who at once wraps a secret cord around an external event (staring at a picture, in this case), the soul of the unhappy lover, and us, a bond that ensures the event will have an eternal future continually full of new moments well beyond the effect of this one occurrence.
Quantitative and qualitative alterations of intestinal mucins in BioBreeding rats

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In diabetes-prone BioBreeding rats, an enteropathy often precedes the onset of auto-immune insulitis. The present study draws attention to quantitative and qualitative alterations of intestinal mucins in this animal model of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Male and female diabetes-resistant (BBc) and diabetes-prone (BBdp) BioBreeding rats fed, from one to two weeks after weaning onwards, either a plant-based diabetes-promoting diet (NTP) or a hydrolysed casein diabetes-protective diet (HC), were sacrificed at 11-14 weeks of age. Proteins and total mucins, as well as acid and neutral mucins, were measured in a segment of the intestinal tract, located 25-30 cm below the pylorus. No significant difference between BBc and BBdp rats was found when fed the HC diet. However, the NTP diet lowered both total and neutral mucins, whilst failing to affect significantly acidic mucins. The effects of the NTP diet were more pronounced in BBdp rats than in BBc rats. It is speculated that the quantitative and qualitative changes evoked by the NTP diet in BBdp rats may play a role in the alteration of gut permeability found under the same experimental conditions.