jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Glaucoma Detection from Retinal Fundus Images using Graph Convolution Based Multi-task Model

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Glaucoma, an abnormality in the eye condition that, if not treated within safe time limit, can result in visual loss. Glaucoma diagnosis requires professionals to identify minor structural changes in the structure of the optic disc and optic cup from retinal fundus images in a short period of time. Deep learning algorithms have been employed effectively in the segmentation of biomedical images and the identification of disease. To accomplish good generalization, model training requires comprehensive annotations, which is a difficult task. The intended objective of the present study is to come up with and train an distinctive multi-task deep learning model for automated fundus image segmentation and classification. The multitask model learns for segmentation task of Optic Disc (OD) and Optic Cup (OC) and classification task for accurate glaucoma detection using both structural and image based features. The multi-task model proposed a modified U-net architecture in which Mobile-Netv2 is used in the encoder part, Graph Convolution Network (GCN) is used in the decoder part, and an attention module (AM) is used to locate the region of interest (ROI) for better feature extraction. The implementation of this model is done using three fundus image datasets such as ORIGA, REFUGE, and DRISTI-GS. The performance of the proposed multi-task model is compared with some existing methods and shows maximum accuracy of 97<em>.</em>43% and AUROC of 0.985 for glaucoma detection task and high quality OD and OC segmented images with dice coefficient of 97<em>.</em>95% and 96<em>.</em>11% respectively for segmentation task.</p>
Introduction to the Special Issue “Telepsychology: Research and Practice”

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Australia presents significant geographical and sociodemographic impediments to the provision of effective and efficient psychological treatments (Richardson, 2011). Telepsychology, or psychological interventions mediated by distance technology, can help overcome these obstacles and keep Australia’s clinicians and their clients at the cutting edge of mental health treatments and interventions. Telepsychology has many advantages over its face-to-face counterpart in that it is portable, currently relatively inexpensive, and can be conducted wherever suitable equipment and bandwidth are available. Telepsychology is a significant equaliser in the provision of treatment and support in Australia, particularly to rural and regional populations that have been traditionally underserved, and one in which practice has largely led research.
Research Challenges in Wireless Sensor Network: A State of the Play

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A wireless sensor network (WSN) has important applications such as remote environmental monitoring and target tracking. This has been enabled by the availability, particularly in recent years, of sensors that are smaller, cheaper, and intelligent. These sensors are equipped with wireless interfaces with which they can communicate with one another to form a network. The design of a WSN depends significantly on the application, and it must consider factors such as the environment, the applications design objectives, cost, hardware, and system constraints. The goal of survey is to present a comprehensive review of the recent literature in wireless sensor network. This paper reviews the major development and new research challenges in this area.
Larvicidal Effects of Benzoylphenylureas Against the Lesser Mealworm (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae): Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships2

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Larvicidal activity of a congeneric set of N-2-halo- (and 2,6-dihalo) benzoyl-N-phenylureas were determined in in vivo tests against the lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer). Substituent modifications were made in both the benzoyl and anilide portions of the molecule. Linear regression analysis was used to derive quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) from LC50 and LC99 values and a series of physicochemical substituent parameters. The analysis resulted in two significant single parameter regression equations selecting Hammett σp constant as the only relevant chemical descriptor and rejecting the other descriptors as insignificant. Penfluron and 2,6-difluoro-N-[[[4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenyl]amino]carbonyl]benzamide were potent larvicides in these tests and exceeded the effectiveness of diflubenzuron and triflumuron.
Britain's Barclay Report: Lessons for the United States

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The result of the British government's 1980 inquiry into the personal social services was the Barclay report—an extensive look at the “natural experiment” in innovative practice carried out in Great Britain from 1970 to 1980. The findings and recommendations of the report discussed here are enlightening and provocative, and many important implications can be drawn for social work practice in the United States.
Daily modulation and gravitational focusing in direct dark matter search experiments

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the effect of gravitational focusing of the earth on dark matter. We find that the effect can produce a detectable diurnal modulation in the dark matter signal for part of the parameter space which for high dark matter masses is larger than the diurnal modulation induced by the fluctuations in the flux of dark matter particles due to the rotation of the earth around its own axis. The two sources of diurnal modulation have different phases and can be distinguished from each other. We demonstrate that the diurnal modulation can potentially check the self-consistency of experiments that observe annual modulated signals that can be attributed to dark matter. Failing to discover a daily varying signal can result conclusively to the falsification of the hypothesis that the annual modulation is due to dark matter. We also suggest that null result experiments should check for a daily modulation of their rejected background signal with specific phases. A potential discovery could mean that dark matter collisions have been vetoed out.
LINKED SIMULATION-OPTIMIZATION MODEL FOR OPTIMUM HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF WATER RETAINING STRUCTURES CONSTRUCTED ON PERMEABLE SOILS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Hydraulic Water Retaining Structures (HWRS), such as dams, weirs and regulators are important projects and necessary for water management. Seepage analysis under HWRS substantially influences the design of HWRS. One of the biggest challenges in design of HWRS is to determine the accurate seepage characteristics with complex flow conditions, and simultaneously to find the optimum design considering safety and cost. Therefore, this study concentrates on developing a linked simulation-optimization (S-O) model for non-homogenous anisotropic soil properties. This is achieved via linking the numerical seepage simulation (Geo-Studio/SEEPW) with the Genetic Algorithm (GA) evolutionary optimization solver. Since, a direct linking of numerical model with optimization model is computationally expensive and time consuming, accurate surrogate models are integrated instead of a numerical simulation model within the S-O model. A Support vector machine (SVM) based surrogate model is linked with the optimization model to achieve the optimum hydraulic design of HWRS. The seepage characteristics of optimum design obtained by S-O are evaluated by comparing these with the numerical seepage modeling (SEEPW) solutions. The comparison, in general, shows good agreements. Accordingly, the S-O methodology is potentially applicable for providing safe, efficient and economical design of HWRS constructed on a complex seepage flow domain.
Oryza sativa Linnaeus IRGC 114690

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Oryza sativa Linnaeus
Common name(s): Rice
Other names: YELICANG
Conserved by: International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Philippines
Local sample unique identifier: IRGC 114690
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1998-12-01
Other identifiers: n/a,1821776
Historical: No
MLS status: Art. 15 collection
ENERGETIC EFFICIENCY OF THE SEWAGE SLUDGE COMPOSTING PROCESS IN DEPENDENCE ON STRUCTURE OF THE ADDITIVES

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Significant amount of the produced sewage sludge encourages to search for the most effective methods of its utilization. One of such methods is composting of the sewage sludge with various kinds of biological origin additives supporting the process. Temperature is one of most characteristic physical quantity which can describe the process course. The phase of the composting process can be defined on the basis of the temperature. The knowledge of the additives influence on the energetic efficiency of the process can help to optimize the course of composting and control it by delivering or receiving the energy surplus.
Accessing electromagnetic properties of matter with cylindrical vector beams

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Cylindrical vector beam (CVB) is a structured lightwave characterized by its topologically nontrivial nature of the optical polarization. The unique electromagnetic field configuration of CVBs has been exploited to optical tweezers, laser accelerations, and so on. However, use of CVBs in research fields outside optics such as condensed matter physics has not progressed. In this paper, we propose potential applications of CVBs to those fields based on a general argument on their absorption by matter. We show that pulse azimuthal CVBs around terahertz (THz) or far-infrared frequencies can be a unique and powerful mean for time-resolved spectroscopy of magnetic properties of matter and claim that an azimuthal electric field of a pulse CVB would be a novel way of studying and controlling edge currents in topological materials. We also demonstrate how powerful CVBs will be as a tool for Floquet engineering of nonequilibrium states of matter.
QS41. Surgical Timing and Neurocognitive Development Among Patients With Craniosynostosis: Analysis of Confounding Variables and Selection Bias

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Among patients with craniosynostosis, the relationship between surgical timing and neurocognitive development remains controversial. In 1988, Renier et al described a cause (delayed cranial vault remodeling) and effect (delayed neurocognitive development) relationship, stating that "mental deficiency is more frequent after one year of age" and therefore "the younger the patient at the time of surgery, the better the [neurocognitive] result." The purpose of this study is to identify factors potentially confounding the relationship between surgical timing and neurocognitive development. We hypothesize that children with socioeconomic disadvantages or comorbid conditions are more likely to undergo delayed cranial vault remodeling and may represent a selection bias toward delayed neurocognitive development. Methods: A retrospective review study was designed, and IRB approval was obtained. All patients with craniosynostosis who underwent cranial vault remodeling between 2009 and 2020 at a single institution were included. Patients with syndromic or multi-suture craniosynostosis were excluded. Demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical variables were documented. The sample was dichotomized to compare patients who underwent cranial vault remodeling before (Early) and after (Late) 12 months of age. Differences between the Early and Late groups were determined using chi-square analysis at p<0.05 significance. Results: A total of 227 patients met inclusion criteria. The sample consisted of patients diagnosed with sagittal (53.7%), metopic (28.2%), coronal (15.5%), and lambdoid (2.6%) synostosis. The Early and Late groups contained 157 patients (69.2%) and 70 patients (30.8%), respectively. Compared to the Early group, the Late group contained a significantly larger proportion of patients who identified as non-white (p=0.03), qualified for need-based financial assistance from the hospital (p=0.03), were born preterm (p<0.01), or carried a comorbid diagnosis (p<0.01). Notably, based on pre-operative neurocognitive testing with the Bayley Scales for Infant and Toddler Development, the Late group contained a significantly larger proportion of patients with baseline cognitive delays relative to the Early group (p = 0.011). Conclusion: This study identifies characteristic differences between patients with craniosynostosis who underwent cranial vault remodeling before and after 12 months of age. Race, socioeconomic status, and comorbid conditions may separately impact both access to timely surgical care and long-term neurocognitive development. This study supports our hypothesis that the cause (delayed cranial vault remodeling) and effect (delayed neurocognitive development) relationship described by Renier et al may be confounded by selection bias. Future studies evaluating the relationship between surgical timing and neurocognitive development must consider the potential for these and other confounding factors.
The Stripe ZnO Films with Micro/Nano Needles Preparation by Elctrodeposition-Thermal Oxidation and Their Photocatalytic Property

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为添加剂，在304不锈钢基底上，从硫酸锌–氯化铵体系中用0.03 A·cm−2恒电流阴极沉积得到条纹状的金属Zn膜，经350℃ 1 h，450℃ 2 h两步热氧化得到具有大量微/纳米针的条纹ZnO薄膜。通过XRD、SEM分析了金属Zn薄膜氧化前后的结构和表面形貌，初步讨论了条纹状金属Zn膜形成机理。具有微/纳米针形貌的条纹ZnO薄膜显示出较高的光催化降解罗丹明B的性能。 In presence of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), the stripe morphology of Zn films were galvanostatically deposited on 304 stainless steel sheets at 0.03 A·cm−2 in zinc sulfate-ammonium chloride solution. The stripe ZnO films with a lot of micro/nano needles were obtained by thermal oxidation of the stripe Zn films at 350℃ for 1 h and 450℃ for 2 h in air. The structures and morphologies of Zn and ZnO films were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). The mechanism of formation stripe morphology Zn films was discussed preliminarily. The results of photocatalytic tests reveal that the stripe ZnO films with micro/nano needles show higher activities for degradation of rhodamine B (RhB).
Natural polymers aposites for skin regeneration

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This review includes the bio-polymers most used in recent years for the manufacturing of materials used as dressings in cutaneous wound healing and skin regeneration. Also, the natural polymers most studied in tissue engineering are mentioned, highlighting their physical, chemical and biological properties for skin regeneration and wound healing. Through an extensive review of the clinical and research uses different types of natural polymers were compared, as well as the results of chemical and biological tests carried out during experimental research performed internationally.
The Middle Eastern Cousin: Comparative Venomics of Daboia palaestinae and Daboia russelii

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Among the medically most important snakes in the world, the species belonging to the genus Daboia have been attributed to the highest number of human envenomings, deaths and disabilities. Given their significant clinical relevance, the venoms of Russell’s vipers (D. russelii and D. siamensis) have been the primary focus of research. In contrast, the composition, activity, ecology and evolution of venom of its congener, the Palestine viper (D. palaestinae), have remained largely understudied. Therefore, to unravel the factors responsible for the enhanced medical relevance of D. russelii in comparison to D. palaestinae, we comparatively evaluated their venom proteomes, biochemical activities, and mortality and morbidity inflicting potentials. Furthermore, the synthesis and regulation of venom in snakes have also remained underinvestigated, and the relative contribution of each venom gland remains unclear. We address this knowledge gap by sequencing the tissue transcriptomes of both venom glands of D. palaestinae, and comparatively evaluating their contribution to the secreted venom concoction. Our findings highlight the disparity in the venom composition, function and toxicities of the two Daboia species. We also show that toxin production is not partitioned between the two venom glands of D. palaestinae.
Band Topology or Geometry?

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The study of topology of energy bands in solid has always been interesting and fruitful. Historically, Thouless et al proposed the TKNN number or Chern number of the energy bands to explain the quantization of Hall conductance in the integer quantum Hall effect. Recently, Z2 topological insulators have been intensively studied and similarly topological crystalline insulators are proposed.These materials exhibit nontrivial charge or spin transport properties that is due to the existence of metallic edge states. The edge states are protect by the topology of the energy bands of the bulk material and the band topology are described by some invariants similar to the TKNN number. However, these invariants are crude and strongly dependent on the symmetry. Here we give an unified picture of the relationship of the edge states and the geometry of the energy bands. We show the band geometry determines not only the topological but also the geometrical properties of the edge states and the picture is applicable when the symmetries are broken.
RETRACTED: Health risks and respiratory intake of submicron particles in the working environment: A case study

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Background: Powder-coating processes have been extensively used in various industries. The submicron particles generated during the powder-coating process in the workplace have complex compositions and can cause serious diseases. The purpose of this study was to better understand the health risks and respiratory intake of submicron particles during the powder coating process. Methods: The concentrations of and variations in submicron particles were measured using real-time instruments. The health risks of submicron particles were analyzed using the Stoffenmanager Nano model. A new computational fluid dynamics model was used to assess the respiratory intake of ultrafine particles (UFPs), which was indicated by the deposited dosage of UFPs in the olfactory area, nasal cavity, and lungs. The deposited doses of UFPs were used to calculate the average daily doses (ADDs) of workers, according to the method described by the Environmental Protection Agency. Results: The number concentration (NC), mass concentration, surface area concentration, personal NC, and lung-deposited surface area concentration of submicron particles were &gt;10 5 pt/cm 3 , 0.2–0.4 mg/m 3 , 600–1,200 μm 2 /cm 3 , 0.7–1.4 pt/cm 3 , and 100–700 μm 2 /cm 3 , respectively. The size distribution showed that the submicron particles mainly gathered between 30 and 200 nm. The health risk of submicron particles was high. Upon respiratory intake, most UFPs (111.5 mg) were inhaled into the lungs, a few UFPs (0.272 mg) were trapped in the nasal cavity, and a small minority of UFPs (0.292 mg) were deposited in the olfactory area. The ADD of male workers with 10 years of exposure in the olfactory area, nasal cavity, and lung were 1.192 × 10 –3 mg/kg·d −1 , 1.11 × 10 –3 mg/kg·d −1 , and 0.455 mg/kg·d −1 , respectively. Conclusion: Owing to the high concentrations of submicron particles, the workers involved in the powder-coating process are at a high health risk. Moreover, the respiratory intake of UFPs by workers is high, which is suggested by the highly deposited dosage of UFPs in the lungs and the corresponding high ADD in workers. Control measures, including engineering control, management control, and personal protective equipment, must be improved for the protection of workers.
Response of Health Personnel on Medical Waste At Upazilla Health Complexes under Dhaka Division in Bangladesh

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This cross sectional study was conducted among health personnel working in 7 Upazilla Health Complexes and support staff without medical background but concerned with waste management. A total of six respondents (doctors, nurses and & support staff, 2 each) from each Upazilla with average bed occupancy >10/day and where there are > 10 health personnel in position were selected. The objective of this study was to assess the health personnel whether they can identify the waste in the Health Complexes. The present study interviewed 42 respondents of which one third each were doctors, nurses, and support staff. In response to a question on type of waste generated at the Health Complex, 19.0% said infectious waste, 16.7% said pharmaceutical waste, 21.4% said pathological & anatomical waste, 23.8% said sharp waste and 19.0% said pressurised container. From response about different medical wastes, it shows that respondents know better about hazards of sharp waste and liquid waste. However, about other types of wastes like infectious waste, pathological waste, pharmacological waste, chemical waste, heavy metal waste, pressurized container and highly infectious waste the level of knowledge is rather poor or had no knowledge. Further study should be conducted on the issue with larger sample size and greater logistic support to reveal more generalized picture of country situation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjdre.v3i1.16587 Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research & Education Vol.3(1) 2013: 1-5
Ice Deposits in Lava Tubes from West-Central New Mexico as Archives of Past Volcanic Eruptions and Climate Change

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Southwest of the United States is currently in a megadrought phase. Recent studies have shown that three of the most severe droughts of the last two millennia have occurred in the last 120 years, while geo-archaeological evidence suggests there were five megadroughts just from 150 to 950 CE. To try to better understand the causes of the droughts across the Southwest, a 110-cm long ice core was drilled from an ice deposit in a lava tube (Cave 29) from El Malpais National Monument in west-central New Mexico. The δ18O values in the ice core (ranging from −11.78 to −3.54‰) indicate that the overall strength of the summer rainfall, the North American Monsoon (NAM), is responsible for increases in the values. The changes in the stable isotope values also helped determine the effects of the Southwest’s winter climate variability related to the El Niño Southern Oscillation, the Pacific/North American pattern, and the positional trend of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Cave 29’s record shows megadrought periods typically corresponding with La Niña phases triggered by a northward shift in the ITCZ and the addition of weak NAMs. During these extensive droughts, Ancestral Puebloan communities across El Malpais melted the ice from the lava tubes. The abundance of charcoal deposits throughout Cave 29 is evidence of ice harvesting activities and their presence helps establish a chronology using radiocarbon dating. Additionally, since major volcanic eruptions release sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere, major ion geochemistry was also applied to the Cave 29 ice core to measure the non-sea-salt sulfate content to infer past volcanic eruptions. Recent data indicates an increase in El Niño events and an overall southward migration of the ITCZ since the Middle Holocene; therefore, the Southwest should currently be undergoing wetter conditions. However, the current megadrought demonstrates that this is not a result of a natural climactic cycle but may be an effect of anthropogenic warming. Furthermore, following the trend recorded by Cave 29 and other paleoclimate records, the Southwest should start experiencing stronger NAMs in the future; however, this could be inhibited by the effects of anthropogenic warming.