jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Crimean War and Administrative Reform

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

On January 26, 1854, Britain's House of Commons passed John A. Roebuck's motion of censure, which destroyed the Aberdeen coalition and led to the creation of the Sebastopol Committee. The movement for administrative reform then switched to the country, where Austen Henry Layard, a back-bench liberal MP, made a succession of well-publicized speeches. On May 5, a pressure group came into existence, the Administrative Reform Association (ARA). By far the most important aspect of the movement for administrative reform was the claim that the army and the government both needed to be organized on good, sound ‘business principles’. This chapter examines the impact of the Crimean War on administrative reform initiatives in Britain and looks at ARA's predecessors and similarities to the Anti-Corn Law League. It also discusses administrative reform at the Manchester School, the supporters of administrative reform, critics of ‘business principles’, the role of leadership in the failure of ARA, ARA's lack of political strategy, and the release of the Northcote-Trevelyan report in February 1854.
Experimental hypercalcaemia and whole blood clotting

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Experimental hypercalcaemia was induced in rats by (1) transplantation of the solid Walker 256 tumour, and (2) intraperitoneal injections of calcium gluconate. Whole blood clotting was studied by means of thromboelastography and whole blood clotting times in polystyrene and glass test tubes. At serum calcium levels between 10·3 and 11·5 m-equiv/l a slight delay in clot formation was found which was reversible by the addition of EDTA to whole blood. Acute, calcium-gluconate-induced hypercalcaemia, however, leads to a significant shortening of the clotting time in the polystyrene tube and to a lesser degree in the glass tube. Maximal factor XII activation in vitro with ellagic acid levels the difference of clotting times again. From these experiments it is concluded that acute hypercalcaemia induces a hypercoagulable state, possibly by partial contact activation, and thus may favour thrombus formation in vivo.
On Triangular Multisets and Triangular Fuzzy Multisets

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The basic set operations between fuzzy sets are defined using the min and max functions; however, later on, new operators were introduced that used other functions, which, nevertheless, had similar properties to functions min and max. The resulting fuzzy set theories are more suitable for the description and processing of specific data sets. Crisp and fuzzy multisets have found numerous applications but still the basic operations are based on functions min and max. It is straightforward to replace these functions in the fuzzy part of fuzzy multisets; however, it is not as easy but is feasible to do the same with the multisets and the “crisp” part of fuzzy multisets. The new mathematical structures are called triangular multisets and triangular fuzzy multisets, respectively. The aim is to facilitate the processing of certain data sets so they can be used in multi-criteria decision making and computing.
Recent advances in the study of serpentine plants and ecosystems: Perspectives from the 10th International Conference on Serpentine Ecology, France: Part II

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The 10th International Conference on Serpentine Ecology was held in Nancy, France on June 12–16, 2023. The main goals of the conference were to create a platform for the exchange of ideas and experiences and to promote scientific dialogue among scientists from numerous fields who share expertise in the study of ultramafic habitats worldwide. The proceedings of the conference are being published as two Special Issues of Ecological Research , of which this is the second. In this article, we present the major topics and provide some highlights of the contributions to the 10th International Conference on Serpentine Ecology.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MAQASHID SHARIAH IN ZAKAT INSTITUTION: COMPARISON BETWEEN INDONESIA AND MALAYSIA

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Zakat has been widely described as a tool of income distribution. Not with standing of the potential of zakat in Indonesia and Malaysia, however, there are some issues in zakat institutions. This study aims to analyze institutional program of collecting zakat in reaching Maqashid Sharia and also to identify the issues over the program conducted by the Selangor and DKI Zakat institutions. This study conducted a case study approach which involved two Zakat institutions in two different countries; Lembaga Zakat Selangor in Malaysia and Badan Amil Zakat Infaq and Sadaqah in Indonesia. Zakat Institution should be the leading institution in economic empowerment of society by using Maqashid Sharia as benchmark indicator to design zakat distribution program. This study found that LZS has fulfilled all aspects of maqashid ShariaSharia in zakat distribution program while BAZIS DKI meet three aspects of maqashid Sharia namely hifdzu ad-din, hifdzu an-nafs and hifdzu an-nasl. It is acknowledged that the zakat institutions have made many improvements, there are still few issues that need to be highlighted to meet the needs of the society. The following recommendations are given to empower and enhance the role of zakat particularly in accomplishing the objectives of the Sharia.
Computer Simulation of Shock Waves in the\nCompletely Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We study the evolution of the completely asymmetric simple exclusion process in one dimension, for initial configurations\ncorresponding to average density p_ (p+) left (right) of the origin, p_-< p +. The microscopic shock position is identified by introducing a "second class" particle. Results indicate that the shock profile is stable, and the distribution around the shock position N(t) tends, to a limiting distribution, which is locally close to an equilibrium distribution far\nfrom the shock. Moreover the dispersion behaves linearly in time, for not too small values of the density difference.
QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF EXPERIENTIAL KNOWLEDGE

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In recent years knowledge has been considered a critical organizational asset. As any other asset, knowledge provides value to organizations only when it conforms to a set of specifications and standards; in other words, when it is of good quality. Several proposals have addressed the issue of quality of knowledge, but there is not a widely accepted way of measuring such a concept. This article introduces a new approach to measure explicit knowledge in a semi-automatic way using software agents. The ideas described in this article are part of the e-Decisional Community concept, an agent-based platform for sharing experiential knowledge. The results of this research process show that it is possible to obtain a percentage of knowledge that represents an approximate measure of an individual's knowledge.
Simulation of Alumina/Water Nanofluid Flow in a Micro-Heatsink With Wavy Microchannels: Impact of Two-Phase and Single-Phase Nanofluid Models

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this article, alumina/water nanofluid (NF) flow in a heatsink (H-S) with wavy microchannels (W-MCs) is simulated. The H-S is made of aluminum containing four similar parts. Each part has an inlet and outlet. Constant heat flux is applied on the bottom of the H-S. The study is based on two-phase (T-P) mixture and single-phase (S-P) models to determine the difference between these two types of simulations. FLUENT software and the control volume method were used for simulations. The volume control method is employed to solve equations. The effective variables include the volume fraction 0 &lt; φ &lt; 5% of alumina and Reynolds number (Re) 300 &lt; Re &lt; 1800. The maximum H-S bottom temperature, the required amount of pumping power (PP), the temperature uniformity, and the heat resistance of the H-S are the outputs studied to simulate the S-P and T-P models. The results show that the use of the T-P model has less error in comparison with the experimental data than the S-P model. An increment in the Re and φ reduces the maximum temperature (M-T) of the H-S. The S-P model, especially at a higher value of φ, leads to a lower M-T value than the T-P model. The S-P model shows a 0.5% greater decrease than the T-P model at the Reynolds number of 300 by enhancing the volume percentage of nanoparticles (NPs) from 1 to 5%. Temperature uniformity is improved with Re and φ. The reduction of H-S thermal resistance with Re and φ is the result of this study. Adding NPs to water, especially at higher amounts of φ, enhances the required PP. The T-P model predicts higher PP than the S-P one, especially at a high value of φ. The T-P model shows 4% more PP than the S-P model at Re = 30 and a volume fraction of 4%.
Novel G-quadruplex stabilizing agents: in-silico approach and dynamics

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The stabilization of overhang G-rich repetitive DNA units at the 3′-end of telomeres, which are well known to form functionally important G-quadruplex structures, is a current goal in designing novel anticancer drugs. In the present study, we have undertaken an in silico approach by molecular docking using a small molecule library to find potential G-quadruplex stabilizing agents. Two molecules, A, [N′1-imino(2-pyridyl)methyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzene-1-carbohydrazide] and B, [(3-[4-({[3-({4-[(2cyanoethyl)(methyl)amino]benzylidene}amino)propyl]imino}methyl)(methyl) anilino]propanenitrile)], that had good docking scores have been investigated for interaction with G-quadruplexes in a Molecular Dynamics simulation study. Fluorescence spectroscopy of G-quadruplexes bound to the screened molecules A and B was used to experimentally validate the theoretical results. The binding of ligands A and B to G-quadruplexes resulted in blue shifts of 10–18 nm, respectively, in the fluorescence emission spectra of the G-quadruplexes, demonstrating that both molecules bind to the G-face of the quadruplex. The same experiment was performed for the complexation of these small molecules with a G-rich DNA duplex, . Interestingly, no blue shift was observed in the fluorescence emission spectra of the DNA duplex in the presence of these small molecules. Thus, these findings indicated that these ligands very selectively bind to G-quadruplexes instead of the duplex DNA. In addition, a one-dimensional water ligand observed via a gradient spectroscopy Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) experiment showed that both molecules bound to the 23-mer G-quadruplex DNA. The molecular properties of the ligand–quadruplex complex have been analyzed with the help of the Adaptive Poisson-Boltzmann Solver, revealing that electrostatics govern the binding of the small molecules to G-quadruplexes. Both molecules were investigated in detail using solvation free energy calculations and Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination and Toxicity (ADMET) predictions, which provide insight into lead optimization for designing G-quadruplex stabilizing agents; therefore, these molecules have potential as new therapeutic agents.
Robust Control Theory Based Stability Certificates for Neural Network Approximated Nonlinear Model Predictive Control

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Model predictive control requires the real-time solution of an optimal control problem, which can be challenging on computationally limited systems. Approximating the solution such as by neural networks or series expansions, or deriving an explicit solution, can overcome this challenge. Using neural networks for approximation, a question arises as to how to guarantee closed-loop safety and stability. We use robust control theoretic tools to provide stability guarantees using a neural network trained to approximate a model predictive controller. Notably, the model predictive controller, which might offer desirable closed-loop performance, is not required to provide provable stability properties. To provide stability guarantees for the neural network approximated controller, the closed-loop system is reformulated as a diagonal nonlinear differential form, exploiting that the neural network activation functions are sector bounded and that their slopes are globally bounded. Based on this representation, we establish sufficient closed-loop stability conditions in form of linear matrix inequalities for the nominal and the disturbed system using the neural network approximated model predictive controller.
Cystitis Emphysematosa I. Report of Cases in Men

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Mar 1930Cystitis Emphysematosa I. Report of Cases in Men1 Ralph G. Mills Ralph G. MillsRalph G. Mills More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)72969-2AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1930 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited BySingh C and Lytle W (2018) Cystitis Emphysematosa Caused by Candida AlbicansJournal of Urology, VOL. 130, NO. 6, (1171-1173), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1983.Wise G (2018) Editorial CommentJournal of Urology, VOL. 130, NO. 6, (1173-1173), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1983.Lane J and Francke P (2018) Cystitis Emphysematosa: Case ReportJournal of Urology, VOL. 75, NO. 2, (256-260), Online publication date: 1-Feb-1956.Teasley G (2018) Cystitis Emphysematosa: Case Report with a Review of LiteratureJournal of Urology, VOL. 62, NO. 1, (48-51), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1949.Ortmayer M (2018) Cystitis Emphysematosa: With a Report of the Twelfth Human Case Diagnosed at CystoscopyJournal of Urology, VOL. 60, NO. 5, (757-762), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1948.Burns R (2018) Cystitis Emphysematosa: A Case ReportJournal of Urology, VOL. 49, NO. 6, (808-814), Online publication date: 1-Jun-1943.Lund H, Zingale F and O’Dowd J (2018) Cystitis Emphysematosa: Report of a Case Found at Cystoscopy and Followed by RecoveryJournal of Urology, VOL. 42, NO. 5, (684-688), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1939.Levin H (2018) Gas Cysts of Urinary BladderJournal of Urology, VOL. 39, NO. 1, (45-52), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1938.Wells H (2018) Report of Seven Cases of Cystitis EmphysematosaJournal of Urology, VOL. 39, NO. 4, (391-397), Online publication date: 1-Apr-1938.Burrell N (2018) Cystitis Emphysematosa: Case Report and Review of the LiteratureJournal of Urology, VOL. 36, NO. 6, (690-693), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1936. Volume 23Issue 3March 1930Page: 289-306 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1930 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Ralph G. Mills More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
The Martyr as Witness Coptic and Copto-Arabic Hagiographies as Mediators of Religious Memory1

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article argues for a novel reading of Coptic and Copto-Arabic hagiographies. Relying on the analysis of Coptic and Copto-Arabic traditions belonging to the Passion of Victor son of Romanos, also known as Victor the General, the author investigates issues concerning the transmission of texts, intertextuality, the dialectics between history and memory and their implications in the articulation of Coptic religious memory. In the present article the body of the martyr is viewed as a text and the memory of bodily experiences transmitted through texts as pertaining to religious memory. The author posits that far from negating his body, the martyr made it the chart of his belief and placed it in the foreground for everybody to see, to hear about and to remember. She explicates that the practices to which the martyr subordinated his body and the experience of martyrdom placed him in a state of liminality.
Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition for the denoising of partial discharges measured in UHF

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Monitoring dielectric insulation systems is important for the maintenance of electric assets. In open-air substations, this task can be done with antennas because they cover wide areas and detect the electromagnetic emissions of one of the most common deterioration processes: partial discharges (PD). This detection can be affected by radio-frequency interferences that contaminate the measurements and may lead to errors in the diagnosis. Thus, it is necessary to apply denoising techniques to recover the pulsed signal of this PD activity. The aim of this paper is to propose an adaptive and automatic algorithm named Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition(EEMD) which consists in the decomposition of the signal in several Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMF) that will be used to reject UHF interferences superimposed to PD pulses.
Achieving Fault Tolerance and Network Depth in Hierarchical Wireless Sensor Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract — Most sensor network deployments are 2-tiered and are preceded by a topology study to determine the optimal location of sensors and relays. Sensors form the leaves in a 2-tiered network and do not participate in the routing. A plot of the best path from each of the leaves to the sink reveals the network topology to be hierarchical in nature. The AODV routing algorithm was designed for highly mobile nodes and is not directly suitable in a hierarchical sensor network where the sensors and relays are predominantly static. The Hierarchical routing as implemented by ZigBee’s C skip does not support fault tolerance and has a restriction on the network depth. In this paper, we present a probability based routing algorithm that merges the structure of a hierarchical tree with the flexibility of AODV. As devices join a network, they are given an address to satisfy the hierarchical property. Here, the address generation is made based on the expected number of devices to join the network. When a condition occurs where the hierarchical property can no longer be supported, a route table entry, similar to AODV, is created only for this non-conforming node. The mechanism of making route table entries has inherent support for fault tolerance. The completeness of the algorithm is determined theoretically and by an exhaustive simulation in C++. We provide the results of the memory requirement, the sensitivity to the network deployment probability distributions and the probability of address duplication. Index Terms—Hierarchical Routing, ZigBee. I.
LOCOREGIONAL RECURRENCE OF BREAST CANCER AFTER RADICAL MASTECTOMY: RISK FACTORS, DIAGNOSIS, AND REGIONAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Relevance. Locoregional recurrence (LRR) of breast cancer (BC) following radical mastectomy presents a significant clinical challenge and is associated with reduced survival. Objective. To assess the risk factors for LRR and develop regional recommendations for effective surveillance and treatment strategies. Materials and methods of the study. A retrospective-prospective analysis of 206 breast cancer patients treated between 2017 and 2024 in the Samarkand region was conducted. The study focused on tumor characteristics, molecular profiles, treatment modalities, recurrence localization, and survival outcomes. Research results. The LRR rate was 5.4%. Most recurrences occurred in women aged 31–50 and in patients with stage IIB–IIIA tumors. Hormone receptor status, HER2 expression, Ki-67 index, and completeness of adjuvant therapy were significant predictors of recurrence. The proposed management algorithm, based on molecular stratification and regional resources, demonstrated potential for improving long-term outcomes. Conclusion. Personalized follow-up and therapy plans based on tumor biology and regional guidelines are essential for reducing recurrence and improving survival in postmastectomy breast cancer patients.
The effect of school leaders’ feedback on teaching quality perceived by students – results of an intervention study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Feedback from school leaders often is of low quality and not always effective. Because school leaders spend only limited time on instructional leadership activities, an intervention was developed to assist them in efficiently providing high-quality feedback to teachers. The effectiveness of the intervention was evaluated within a quasi-experimental study. N = 11 school leaders were trained in conducting classroom observations and providing feedback. School leaders observed teachers of the intervention group (N = 26) and provided feedback with regard to 14 teaching characteristics. N = 27 teachers served as a control group. It is examined whether the intervention leads to improvements in teaching quality perceived by students. Multilevel regression analyses were conducted. For three of the 14 teaching characteristics, intervention group students (N = 518) rated changes in teaching quality significantly better than control group students (N = 551). The results provide first evidence for the effectiveness of the intervention.
Evaluation of the AIDS Prevention Street Nurse Program: one step at a time.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The AIDS Prevention Street Nurse Program uses specially prepared community health nurses to focus on HIV and STD prevention with marginalized, hard-to-reach and high-risk clients within a broader context of harm reduction and health promotion. Street nurses (n=17), service providers (n=30), representatives of other HIV/STD programs in the province of British Columbia, Canada (n=5), and clients (n=32) were interviewed during an evaluation for the purpose of describing the nurses' work, the challenges the nurses' face, the fit of the program with other services, and the impact of the nurses' work.This article describes the impact of the nurses' work on clients. Impact/outcome changes reflected a progression from knowledge to behavioural levels and to major indicators of health/illness. Impact on clients included: knowing more about HIV/AIDS, their own situation, and options; receiving essential supplies to reduce harm and promote health; changing behaviour to reduce disease transmission, improve resistance, and promote health; connecting with help; feeling better about themselves and others; feeling supported; influencing others; receiving earlier attention for problems; being healthier with or without HIV; making major changes in drug use; and likely decreasing morbidity and mortality. The program was found to be clearly effective in making a positive impact on clients.