jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of cognitive training program on brain connectivity in older adults with subjective cognitive complaints and mild cognitive impairment

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Cognitive intervention programs have achieved improvements at the behavioral level at different stages of dementia, especially in the preclinical phases, what is not yet clear is the neurophysiological correlate of these improvements, especially at the level of resting brain connectivity. Our objective was to analyze the changes at the neurophysiological level after the application of a cognitive training program in pre‐clinical phases of dementia using high density electroencephalography (hdEEG). Method An intrasubject design was applied. All subjects underwent clinical and cognitive measurements and resting state records in a hdEEG at baseline and 3 months later when the cognitive training sessions ended. The final sample was composed of 7 older adults with subjective cognitive complaints (mean age = 62.08, SD = 6.48) and 8 with mild cognitive impairment (mean age = 62.93, SD = 6.75); whom were evaluated with a large neuropsychological battery which include the domains of executive function and memory. Electrophysiological signals were recorded with a high density EEG (160 channels). The cognitive training program lasted 24 sessions distributed in 8 sessions for each cognitive domain (attention, executive function and memory). Result The results show a significant improvement of the cognitive domains trained and a greater clustering and a more efficient processing of the default brain network. These changes seem to be associated with greater efficiency in information processing and a reduction in random physiological activation in preclinical stages of dementia Conclusion These programs show clear evidence of changes at the brain level due to cognitive intervention, it is recommended to do follow‐up studies to assess their stability over time.
Diagnosis of erectile dysfunction can be used to improve screening for Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of four undiagnosed Type 2 diabetes mellitus risk scores accounting for erectile dysfunction status. Methods: This was a population-based cross-sectional study. Type 2 diabetes was defined according to a oral glucose tolerance test and self-reported physician diagnosis. Erectile dysfunction was defined according to the answer to the question, ‘Have you had difficulties obtaining an erection in the last 6 months?’ (yes/no). The risk scores used were the FINDRISC, LA-FINDRISC, American Diabetes Association score and the Peruvian Risk Score. A Poisson regression model was fitted to assess the association between Type 2 diabetes and erectile dysfunction. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve was estimated overall and by erectile dysfunction status. Results: A total of 799 men with a mean (sd) age of 48.6 (10.7) years were included in the study. The overall prevalence of Type 2 diabetes was 9.3%. Compared with healthy men, men with Type 2 diabetes had 2.71 (95% CI 1.57–4.66) higher chances of having erectile dysfunction. Having excluded men aware of Type 2 diabetes status (N=38), the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of three of the risk scores (not the American Diabetes Association score) improved among those who had erectile dysfunction in comparison with those who did not; for example, the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of the LA-FINDRISC score was 89.6 (95% CI 78.7–99.9) in men with erectile dysfunction and 76.5 (95% CI 68.5–84.4) overall. Conclusions: In a population-based study, erectile dysfunction was more common in men with Type 2 diabetes than in the otherwise healthy men. Screening for erectile dysfunction before screening for Type 2 diabetes seems to improve the accuracy of well-known risk scores for undiagnosed Type 2 diabetes.
Staining Problems with Eosin Y: A Note from the Biological Stain Commission

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In 1980, eosin Y was the certified dye with which technologists encountered most problems. The specific problem most frequently brought to the attention of the Biological Stain Commission was that solutions of eosin Y formed a precipitate and failed to stain cytoplasm red when used as a counterstain to hematoxylin.
The Effect of TikTok Usage on English Language Proficiency: A Survey-Based Correlational Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to analyze the effect of using TikTok as a learning medium on students' English language skills in higher education. Using a quantitative approach and descriptive-correlational survey design, data was collected from 124 active university students from various study programs who use TikTok in their English learning process. The instrument used was a closed-ended questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale, which measured the intensity of TikTok use (X) and English language skills (Y), including vocabulary acquisition, pronunciation, listening comprehension, and speaking fluency. The statistical analysis showed a very strong correlation between TikTok usage and English language skills, with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.935. The R Square value of 0.875 indicates that 87.5% of the variability of English skills can be explained by the use of TikTok, while the remaining 12.5% is influenced by other factors. Each one-unit increase in TikTok usage increased English skills by 0.861 units (p < 0.001). The findings suggest that TikTok can be an effective learning media in improving English language skills, especially in vocabulary and listening skills. The practical implication is that educators can utilize this digital platform to support more contextualized and engaging learning.
Factors Affecting Farmers Participation in Agricultural Projects in Ngaka Modiri Molema District North West Province, South Africa

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The survey examines factors affecting farmer participation in agricultural projects in Ngaka Modiri Molema district in North West province. A random sampling technique was used in selecting 20 farmers from each of 6 selected villages, which gave a sample size of 120 farmers. Data were gathered with the use of questionnaire administered as an interview schedule, which were subjected to analysis using SPSS. The results show that majority (60.3%) of farmers are above 55 years, 51.6% were males, 54.2% had formal education up to High school level, and 97% were willing to participate in agricultural projects. Significant determinants of participation in agricultural projects household size (t =5.023), effectiveness of rural development programme (t = 2.00), constraints (t = -1.90) and effectiveness of LRAD (t = 1.80).
Scale-Free Single Image Deraining Via Visibility-Enhanced Recurrent Wavelet Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we address a rain removal problem from a single image, even in the presence of large rain streaks and rain streak accumulation (where individual streaks cannot be seen, and thus visually similar to mist or fog). For rain streak removal, the mismatch problem between different streak sizes in training and testing phases leads to a poor performance, especially when there are large streaks. To mitigate this problem, we embed a hierarchical representation of wavelet transform into a recurrent rain removal process: 1) rain removal on the low-frequency component; 2) recurrent detail recovery on highfrequency components under the guidance of the recovered lowfrequency component. Benefiting from the recurrent multi-scale modeling of wavelet transform-like design, the proposed network trained on streaks with one size can adapt to those with larger sizes, which significantly favors real rain streak removal. The dilated residual dense network is used as the basic model of the recurrent recovery process. The network includes multiple paths with different receptive fields, thus can make full use of multi-scale redundancy and utilize context information in large regions. Furthermore, to handle heavy rain cases where rain streak accumulation is presented, we construct a detail appearing rain accumulation removal to not only improve the visibility but also enhance the details in dark regions. The evaluation on both synthetic and real images, particularly on those containing large rain streaks and heavy accumulation, shows the effectiveness of our novel models, which significantly outperforms the state-ofthe- art methods.
Evidence for a disease specific antigen in circulating immune complexes in ankylosing spondylitis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The presence of circulating immune complexes (CIC) has been documented in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) by various investigators. It has been suggested that these may be used as probes to identify antigens playing a role in these pathological processes. Using a solid-phase cross-reaction assay to establish if these complexes reacted with each other in specific disease groups, it was found that polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitates of six AS patients cross reacted in 29 of 36 tests, but reacted with SLE and RA PEG precipitates in only two of 24 tests in each case. SLE PEG precipitates cross-reacted in four of 14 tests and reacted with none of the six AS and four RA precipitates. Similarly, RA PEG precipitates did not cross-react (none of 16 tests), nor did they react with AS (none of 24 or SLE precipitates (none of 16). Similar results were observed when IgG, obtained after acid dissociation on sucrose density gradients of CIC isolated by PEG precipitation and staphylococcal protein A chromatography, was used as the solid phase component. F (ab')2 fragments with similar antibody specificity were obtained by pepsin digestion of isolated CIC from three of six AS patients. These bound radiolabelled AS PEG precipitates (2.02-2.40%) significantly more than SLE (0.22-0.28%) or RA (0.29-0.35%) precipitates. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining F (ab')2 fragments with antibody activity from isolated CIC and the presence of a disease specific antibody specificity in AS CIC. The nature of the antigen involved remains to be elucidated. Such a cross-reactive antibody specificity was not found in RA nor SLE CIC.
1H and 13C NMR spectra of (2′S,4′S)-lysergic acid 2,4-dimethylazetidide (LSZ)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

First reported (online early view): 6 Jun 2016 in: S.D. Brandt, P.V. Kavanagh, F. Westphal, S.P. Elliott, J. Wallach, T. Colestock, T.E. Burrow, S.J. Chapman, A. Stratford, D.E. Nichols, A.L. Halberstadt. Return of the lysergamides. Part II: Analytical and behavioural characterization of N6-allyl-6-norlysergic acid diethylamide (AL-LAD) and (2′S,4′S)-lysergic acid 2,4-dimethylazetidide (LSZ). Drug Test. Analysis 2017, 9 (1), 38–50 https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.1985
A Review Article Of Optical Fiber Signal To Noise Ration Using Wavelength Division Multiplexing With Rcian Channel

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The demand for high-speed mobile wireless communications is growing at a very fast rate.WDM technology is a key technique for achieving the high data rate and spectral efficiency requirements for wireless communication systems. Wavelength division Multiplexing (WDM) [3–6] has emerged as a successful air-interfacetechnique. TheWavelength division Multiplexing was originally developed from the multi-carrier modulation techniques used in high wavelength military radios. This thesis presents, a simulink based simulation system is implemented using Additive White Gaussian Noise channel (AWGN) to study the performance analysis of Bit Error rate (BER) Vs Signal to Noise ratio (SNR). The model of WDM with Rician fading channel using simulink in MATLAB is discussed. This model is used for performance enhancement of the WDM with QPSK and QAM modulation schemes and channel condition. The throughput and packet error rate are used to evaluate the performance of MAC layer with the change in physical layer parameter.The performance analysis of different technique used in the QAM WDM is compared by visualizing the BER vs SNR curve.
The risk factor and the impact on survival of pathological fractures in patients with humeral metastasis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background Bone metastases often cause pathological fractures, impair patients’ quality of life and survival. Although there are several studies on pathological fractures in femur and spine, currently, there is limited research pertaining to upper limbs. This study aimed to reveal the risk factor and how pathological fractures impact survival in patients with humeral metastasis. Methods This was a retrospective study, based on patients with humerus metastasis treated in Nagoya-City University hospital from 2010 to 2020. Patient characteristics, including sex, age at diagnosis of humeral metastasis, primary cancer, prior treatment, anatomical location and metastatic lesion size were retrieved from the medical records. The patients were divided into the pathological fracture and non-fracture groups, and their background and survival rates were compared. Results A total 31 patients with 32 metastatic lesions were included in this study. Nineteen patients had pathological fractures (one patient had bilateral fractures) and 12 patients had no fractures. The risk factor of pathological fracture was treatment without bone modifying agents in multivariate analysis. The median overall survival was 21 months, 1-year survival was 56% in non-fracture group, and 59% in fracture group. There was no significant difference in survival rate between the two groups, and only chemotherapy had correlation with longer survival in multivariate analysis. Conclusion Bone modifying agents have the benefit of preventing pathological fractures due to humeral metastases. The humeral pathological fracture did not affect patient's survival, and chemotherapy was the only prognostic factor that prolonged survival.
[INFLUENCE OF AGGRESSION AND RELATED PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ATHLETES IN THE FREQUENCY OF NUCLEAR VIOLATIONS IN EXFOLIATED CELLS OF THE ORAL CAVITY].

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The frequency of cells with abnormal nuclear morphology (micronuclei, perinuclear vacuo-les, notches, protrusions, such as «tongue» and «broken egg») in the buccal epithelium of wrestlers on different days of the competition period was identified. The largest number of violations observed on the 3rd day after the competition. It was conducted psychological testing of athletes and it was determined 16 psychological characteristics associated with the aggressiveness of athletes. It was revealed the effect of psychoemotional state on the cytogenetic apparatus athletes. It was found associations of the dynamics of reactive anxiety athletes and frequency of nuclear aber- 327 rations. The hypothetical scheme of influence human aggression and related psychological characteristics of its genetic apparatus by neurohumoral system was constructed.
FADDEEV-JACKIW APPROACH TO GAUGE THEORIES AND INEFFECTIVE CONSTRAINTS

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The general conditions for the applicability of the Faddeev–Jackiw approach to gauge theories are studied. When the constraints are effective, a new proof in the Lagrangian framework of the equivalence between this method and the Dirac approach is given. We find, however, that the two methods may give different descriptions for the reduced phase space when ineffective constraints are present. In some cases the Faddeev–Jackiw approach may lose some constraints or some equations of motion. We believe that this inequivalence can be related to the failure of the Dirac conjecture (that says that the Dirac Hamiltonian can be enlarged to an Extended Hamiltonian including all first class constraints, without changes in the dynamics) and we suggest that when the Dirac conjecture fails, the Faddeev–Jackiw approach fails to give the correct dynamics. Finally we present some examples that illustrate this inequivalence.
A Case of Duodenal Anisakiasis with Duodenal Ulcer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Humans can be incidentally parasitized by third-stage larvae of Anisakis species following the ingestion of raw or undercooked seafood. Acute gastric anisakiasis is one of the most frequently encountered complaints in Korea. However, duodenal anisakiasis with duodenal ulcer had not been reported in Korea, despite the habit of eating raw fish. In this case, a 47-year-old man was hospitalized because of sharp epigastric pain and repeated vomiting after eating raw fish 3 days previously. On admission, esophagogastroduodenoscopic examination revealed an active duodenal bulb ulcer. At 5 mm away from the ulcer margin, a whitish linear worm was found with half of its body penetrating the duodenal mucosa. Herein, we report this case of duodenal anisakiasis accompanied by duodenal ulcer. Key Words: Duodenum; Ulcer; Anisakiasis This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License
Mechanical Response of Coated Surfaces under Severe Contact Loading

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A number of new wear resistant hard coatings for tribological contact are currently being developed to protect interacting surfaces of automobile engine components. However, coating deterioration is one of the main ways in which these components reduce their service lives. To make these coatings not only to protect the surfaces but also to increase their durability, it is necessary to demonstrate their viability by investigating and understanding their mechanical behaviour and potential failure mechanisms. The present work investigates the mechanical response of steel engineered surfaces coated with hard layers with different properties at maximum Hertz contact pressures ranging from 540 MPa to 1540 MPa. The study focused on developing finite element models (using SLODWORK) to study the magnitude and distribution of the contact stresses both with and without surface traction forces due to friction. Stresses arising from differential strain of the impurities that deliberately inserted within the protective coating and the effect of their elastic moduli were also investigated. The results showed how the magnitude and location of the maximum stresses varied as a function of the layer thickness, properties and the loading conditions. The main failure modes anticipated included delamination within the coating, and interfacial delamination. It was concluded that the mechanical behaviour and response of engineered surfaces (with a protective hard coating) depended not only on the coating properties and specifications, but also on the properties and specifications of the whole contact system (substrate, coating, and interface) which is a function of different variables such as contact stresses, coating properties and coating thicknesses, and existence or otherwise of impurities.
A New Hybrid Approach for Unsupervised Gene Selection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, unsupervised gene (feature) selection has become an integral part of microarray analysis because of the large number of genes and complexity in biological systems. Principal components analysis (PCA) is one of the approaches which has been applied, even though principal components (PCs) have no clear physical meanings. In this paper, we present a PCA based feature selection within a wrapper framework called PFSBEM (hybrid PCA based feature selection and boost-expectation-maximization clustering). PFSBEM uses a two-step approach to select features. The first step retrieves feature subsets with original physical meaning based on their capacities to reproduce sample projections on PCs. The second step then searches for the best feature subsets that maximize clustering performance. Experiment results clearly show that our feature sets improve the class prediction with respect to the chosen performance criteria
Enhancing spin diffusion in GaAs quantum wells: The role of electron density and channel width

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This study explores the relationship between spin diffusion, spin lifetime, electron density, and lateral spatial confinement in two-dimensional electron gases hosted in GaAs quantum wells. Using time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect microscopy, we analyze how Hall-bar channel width and back-gate voltage modulation influence spin dynamics. The results reveal that the spin diffusion coefficient increases with reduced channel widths, a trend further amplified at lower electron concentrations achieved via back-gate voltages, where it increases up to 150% for the narrowest channels. The theoretical model developed in this work suggests that the spin diffusion coefficient is spatially inhomogeneous across the channel cross section. Near the channel edges, where the electron density is reduced, the spin diffusion coefficient is enhanced due to weaker electron–electron scattering. As a result, narrower channels, which contain a relatively larger proportion of these low-density edge regions, exhibit overall faster spin diffusion. Our results underscore the importance of tuning electron density and spatial geometry to optimize spin transport and coherence, providing valuable design considerations for spintronic devices where efficient spin manipulation is crucial.
The Use of Kirchhoff's Method in Jet Aeroacoustics

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Supersonic jet aeroacoustics will be studied using computational techniques. In the study, a Kirchhoff method is used to predict flow generated noise in the mid- and far-fields. This type of method shows promise because it is based on surface integrals and not the volume integrals found in traditional acoustic prediction methods. The Kirchhoff method is dependent on accurate prediction of flow variables in the near-field. Here, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) programs are used for these predictions. Specifically, an existing large eddy simulation (LES) code will be modified for aeroacoustic applications. Issues involved in the implementation of the Kirchhoff method as well as the coupling with the CFD code will be discussed. Important physical noise parameters will be identified and investigated in the study.