jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Infection dynamics of Cryptosporidium parvum (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporiidae) in neonatal mice (Mus musculus).

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

maintained alive in a dechlorinated city water supply. Based on their size and immaturity, the hosts collected in the 1982 survey likely had not spent any time at sea. Anadromous fishes, such as eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus (Richardson)) or possibly salmonids, that had returned to fresh water to spawn after a period of marine life were probably the source of the marine parasites found in the sturgeon. Semakula and Larkin (1968, loc. cit.) noted that eulachon form an important part of the diet of Fraser River white sturgeon. As mentioned above, Becker (1970, loc. cit.) offered a similar explanation for the occurrence of T. lindbergi in Columbia River white sturgeon. For reasons unexplainable at present, Corynosoma strumosum was found only in female sturgeon (9/21 examined), the difference in prevalence of infection between the sexes being statistically significant (Fisher's exact probability test, P = 0.0083). There were no statistically significant host sex differences in prevalence of the other parasite species encountered. The present report represents the first on parasites of the Fraser River stock of white sturgeon, which is one of the major stocks of this North American sturgeon species. Voucher specimens of the parasites reported herein have been deposited in the National Museum of Natural Sciences, Invertebrate Collection (Parasites), Ottawa, Canada, and bear the following numbers: Crepidostomum auriculatum, NMIC(P) 1985-0115; Diphyllobothrium sp., NMIC(P) 1985-0116; Amphilina bipunctata, NMIC(P) 1985-0117; Corynosoma strumosum, NMIC(P) 1985-0118; Cystoopsis acipenseris, NMIC(P) 1985-0119; Anisakis simplex, NMIC(P) 1985-0120; undetermined nematode larvae, NMIC(P) 1985-0121. In addition, 4 specimens of C. auriculatum have been deposited in the Harold W. Manter Laboratory, University of Nebraska State Museum, Lincoln, Nebraska (No. 22983), and specimens of all species, except Diphyllobothrium sp. and A. bipunctata, are retained in the collection of the Pacific Biological Station. Specimens of A. bipunctata were given to Dr. G. Malmberg, University of Stockholm. We are pleased to acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Mary Hanson Pritchard and Dr. Janine Caira (Harold W. Manter Laboratory, University of Nebraska) in verifying the identification of C. auriculatum.
Monitoring in the financial sector: current administrative and procedural trends

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The subject of the research is the institution of monitoring in the financial sector. The purpose of the work is to analyze the legal regulation and practice of implementing monitoring in the financial sector and to highlight, based on the analysis, significant administrative and procedural trends in its development. On the basis of combining the categories of tax and customs monitoring, the author singles out the category of monitoring in the financial sector. Based on the analysis of the legal regulation of monitoring in the financial sector in the modern period, the correlation of monitoring with audit and evaluation in the financial sector is highlighted, the connection of monitoring with the processes of digitalization of financial control is substantiated, and administrative and procedural trends in its regulation are indicated. A dedicated monitoring institution in the financial sector is positioned as an instrument of financial control. At the same time, a comparison of the areas of monitoring use allows us to determine that tax monitoring is enshrined in tax legislation as a form of control, and customs monitoring is regulated at the sub-legal level and is still carried out in an experimental mode. The connection of monitoring in the financial sector with audit, assessment and self-assessment is indicated. The conclusion is made about the digitalization of control and supervision in the financial sector as a condition for the introduction of monitoring tools. Attention is drawn to the scientific positioning of monitoring as a way to resolve and prevent disputes in the financial sector.
Light-Induced Potential and Current across a Large Bacteriorhodopsin-Asolectin Planar Membrane Stabilized on a Polyacrylamide Gel Surface

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A phospholipid bilayer membrane was spread from an organic solvent solution between a polyacrylamide gel surface and an aqueous buffer solution. The membrane was quite similar to the conventional black lipid membrane, but was of a large size and was stable since it was supported on the gel surface. Bacteriorhodopsin, impregnated into the membrane, generated membrane potential and current upon illumination. The induced current was large, and this was attributed to the large area of the present membrane. Remarkable responses of the light-induced potential and current were also observed with a thick layer of organic solvent containing phospholipids. The effects of applied membrane potential, carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) and gramicidin were examined on these photoresponses. Steady-state current, which is due to protons flowing through the membrane, was enormously enhanced by applying membrane potential opposite to the photopotential or by adding gramicidin to the membrane-forming solution.
Grip strength is a strong predictor of survival in nonagenarians and centenarians

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: To understand the importance of hand grip strength (HGS) as a survival predictor in nonagenarians and centenarians. Methods: Longitudinal, observational and analytical study, using HGS measurements obtained during a first evaluation performed in 2016. Participants were nonagenarians and centenarians, randomly selected in various neighborhoods of Porto Alegre (RS) and evaluated in their homes. The time elapsed between the first evaluation and the date of death or last contact (for survivors) was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) using survival analysis on simple and adjusted Cox regression models. Results: The sample comprised 212 participants (155 women), of whom 83 (39%) died during follow-up (until August 30, 2019). Using the lowest quartile (25%) for HGS, participants with < 10 kgf for women and 17 kgf for men were considered to have poor HGS performance. In the simple regression model, participants with lower HGS presented a HR of 2.75 (1.76–4.30, p < 0.001) for death. Also in the simple model, participants aged between 90 and 94 years old presented an HR of 0.37 (0.16–0.85, p = 0.019) compared to those aged 100 or older. In the adjusted model, age lost its significance in the presence of HGS. The following were significant predictors in both simple and adjusted models: cognitive performance, calf circumference, ability to participate in social activities, shop, and prepare meals alone, performance in the Timed Up and Go test, and ease to perform activities requiring upper limb strength. Conclusions: HGS was an important independent and modifiable predictor of survival among nonagenarians and centenarians.
A 1‐minute full brain MR exam using a multicontrast EPI sequence

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose A new multicontrast echo‐planar imaging (EPI)‐based sequence is proposed for brain MRI, which can directly generate six MR contrasts (T 1 ‐FLAIR, T 2 ‐w, diffusion‐weighted (DWI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), ‐w, T 2 ‐FLAIR) in 1 min with full brain coverage. This could enable clinical MR clinical screening in similar time as a conventional CT exam but with more soft‐tissue information. Methods Eleven sequence modules were created as dynamic building blocks for the sequence. Two EPI readout modules were reused throughout the sequence and were prepended by other modules to form the desired MR contrasts. Two scan protocols were optimized with scan times of 55–75 s. Motion experiments were carried out on two volunteers to investigate the robustness against head motion. Scans on patients were carried out and compared to conventional clinical images. Results The pulse sequence is found to be robust against motion given its single‐shot nature of each contrast. For excessive out‐of‐plane head motion, the T 1 ‐FLAIR and T 2 ‐FLAIR contrasts suffer from incomplete inversion. Despite lower signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and resolution, the 1‐min multicontrast EPI data show promising correspondence with conventional diagnostic scans on patients. Conclusion A 1 min multicontrast brain MRI scan based on EPI readouts has been presented in this feasibility study. Preliminary data show potential for clinical brain MRI use with minimal bore time for the patient. Such short examination time could be useful (e.g., for screening and acute stroke). The sequence may also help planning conventional brain MRI scans if run at the beginning of an examination. Magn Reson Med 79:3045–3054, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Absence of hepatitis B virus DNA in patients with hepatitis C and non-A-E hepatitis in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been reported as cases in which HBV DNA was detected despite the absence of any HBV serological markers or in cases in which anti-HBc antibody was the sole marker. The aim of the present study was to determine, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), whether HBV infection occurs in hepatitis C and non-A-E hepatitis patients without serological evidence of hepatitis B infection in São Paulo State. Two different populations were analyzed: 1) non-A-E hepatitis patients, including 12 patients with acute and 50 patients with chronic hepatic disorders without serological evidence of infection with known hepatitis viruses; 2) 43 patients previously diagnosed as hepatitis C with positive results for anti-HCV and HCV RNA. Among hepatitis C patients, anti-HBc was detected in 18.6% of the subjects. Three different sets of primers were employed for HBV DNA detection by nested PCR, covering different HBV genes: C, S and X. HBV-DNA was not detected in any sample, whereas the positive controls did produce signals. The lack of HBV DNA detection with these pairs of primers could be due to a very low viral load or to the presence of mutations in their annealing sites. The latter is unlikely as these primers were screened against an extensive dataset of HBV sequences. The development of more sensitive methods, such as real time PCR, to detect circular covalent closed DNA is necessary in order to evaluate this question since previous studies have shown that cryptic hepatitis B might occur.
From “Trust Me” to “Show Me” Journalism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study explores the potential of an online platform that encourages journalists to post the documents behind their news stories to help restore the deteriorating public trust in news media. Based on content analysis of 200 news items and 315 accompanying documents posted on DocumentCloud, findings indicate that contrary to journalists’ traditional reluctance to rely on documents, the platform succeeds in boosting massive use of documents, both by mainstream and alternative journalists. Findings show that documents serve mainly to support factual claims (in 96 percent of items) and enhance the transparency of news processes, allowing audiences’ unmediated access to raw materials, and greater capacity to evaluate information independently. However, there are no apparent signs that journalists verified the content of the document. The article suggests that DocumentCloud is a unique example of a technology that may succeed where the former technology that promised to serve as a journalistic reference system, hyperlinks, had failed. If the DocumentCloud experiment is implemented on a wider scale, it might have serious theoretical and practical implications, which are discussed here.
“Loaded Weapon” Revisited: The Trump Era Import of Justice Jackson’s Warning in Korematsu

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article first recalls government harassment, indefinite detention, and torture following 9/11. It then concisely examines the dark shadow of the Court’s 1944 Korematsu decision alongside the mid-1980s coram nobis correctives in Korematsu and Hirabayashi. Those case reopenings showed that the government deliberately and unethically misled a passive Court and fearful American public about the constitutional validity of the World War II mass racial treatment.

The article then reviews in Korematsu’s wake the recent court struggles over judicial independence in national security and civil liberties controversies, recognizing both a “modicum of progress” and the risk of backsliding – presaging the Supreme Court’s recent ruling in Trump v. Hawaii. In charting the judicial role, the article calls for an accommodation of both security and liberty. It accounts for the government’s broad powers in securing the country’s people and institutions. But it calls simultaneously for careful judicial protection of fundamental liberties during times of distress as the foundational check and balance pillar of a constitutional democracy. And it identifies combined critical legal advocacy and public pressure at both the front-end (prevention) and back-end (rectification) as the “real bulwark” against the government civil liberties excesses and passive courts in a rapidly evolving international security milieu.

The “Loaded Weapon Revisited” thus responds to pressing realpolitik questions for the Trump era and beyond: How are we, as a civil society, and particularly our courts, to continue overall progress in the face of politicians’ regressive policy prescriptions and public hostility; and how, “in times of international hostility and antagonisms,” as Judge Patel cautioned, are “our institutions, legislative, executive and judicial to exercise their authority to protect all” from the “fears and prejudices so easily aroused”?
Three images (Black Square, Black Circle and Black Cross, pp184-185) published in “Auto Focus: The Self Portrait in Contemporary Photography” by Susan Bright.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This selection of performative self-portrait photographs are rooted in the history of painting, particularly appropriating Malevich and Caspar David Friedrich.

Image selection and text evolved in discussion with book author Susan Bright.

The thesis of the text establishes the work in the performance arena as well as within photographic self-portraiture.
Coseismic and postseismic fault slip characteristics of the 2020 MW6.3 Nima earthquake

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The 2020 MW6.3 Nima earthquake occurred in the northern Yibug Caka graben on the Qiangtang Block of the Tibetan Plateau. The epicentral area has complex geological structures, topography, and geomorphology, and there are few near-field ground observation stations and data. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) has all-weather, wide ranging and high spatial resolution monitoring advantages, which can make up for the shortage of near-field ground deformation observations. However, previous studies have obtained different viewpoints regarding the seismogenic fault and coseismic and postseismic fault slip characteristics of this event. In addition, only the kinematic model has been used to extract the postseismic fault afterslip characteristics. In this study, we used ascending and descending Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images and differential interferometry technology to extract the coseismic deformation fields at different viewing angles. The coseismic fault geometry and slip distribution were then inverted based on an elastic half-space dislocation model. The stress-driven postseismic afterslip model was used to model and analyze the postseismic fault slip. Finally, the earthquake seismogenic fault and the friction property characteristics of seismogenic fault zone were discussed. The ascending and descending InSAR coseismic deformation fields were continuous and smooth around the epicenter, trending NNE-SSW overall. The deformation on the southeastern side of the fault was relatively significant, and mainly decreased along the line-of-sight direction. The coseismic fault rupture was mainly normal, with a sinistral strike-slip component. The strike angle was 31.43°, and the dip angle was 45.79°. The coseismic fault slip was mainly located at 3.58-10.75 km underground, with a maximum slip of 1.33 m, and the moment magnitude was MW6.33. The stress-driven postseismic afterslip model could better explain the almost six-month InSAR postseismic deformation field of this event. The postseismic afterslip mainly occurred on the upper, lower and southwestern sides of the southwestern segment of the significant slip area of coseismic fault, with a maximum afterslip of 47.2 cm. The seismogenic fault of this event might be a normal fault located in the middle of the Yibug Caka-Riganpei Co fault and dipping SEE, and the friction property of the seismogenic fault zone might be uneven.
A Gravity Anomaly Map of the Irish Western Seaboard

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes the results of two marine gravity surveys undertaken by the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies and the Institut ffir Geophysik, University of Hamburg. The surveys cover a large part of the continental shelf to the west of Ireland and east of the Rockall and Porcupine basins between latitudes 51.2°N and 55.2°N. The two data sets have been combined with the land data of the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies to produce a unified gravity anomaly map of the west of Ireland and its continental shelf. The offshore extension of various onshore anomalies, notably those due to Caledonian granites and Carboniferous basins, are delineated by the new map.
Developing an Alternative Tourism in Buleleng: Needs Based Education and Public Capital

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Penelitian This research was conducted in order to understand a form of education that is based on the needs of the community through the use of a variety of capital that can be used in the development of tourism in Buleleng. This study uses ethnographic approach which is a culturalist approach and its emphasis on people's lives. This approach is used considering the culture comes from the community and maintained and implemented by the community. Data in this study were collected through observation and interviews. Moreover carried out literature to books, previous studies and articles that have relevance to the case examined in this study. The data processing is done qualitative descriptive narrative presented. In this case, the existence of regional capitals in Buleleng are very interesting to be known, understood and analyzed in depth in order to produce a model of sustainable tourism. The development of an area into a tourist attraction is not an easy matter. However, the government can work together with local communities to develop the existing tourism in the area, where the first step can be done by utilizing local labor in the area and to synergy between the needs of the community with programs implemented so that the common goal of improving the quality of tourism and social welfare can be achieved.Keywords: an alternative , education, tourism
Reciprocal cybrids reveal how organellar genomes affect plant phenotypes - Whole Genome Sequencing

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Assessing the impact of variation in chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA (collectively termed the plasmotype) on plant phenotypes is challenging due to the difficulty in separating their effect from nuclear derived variation (the nucleotype). Haploid inducer lines can be used as efficient plasmotype donors to generate new plasmotype-nucleotype combinations (cybrids). We generated a panel comprising all possible cybrids of seven Arabidopsis thaliana accessions and extensively phenotyped these lines for 1859 phenotypes under stable and fluctuating conditions. We show that natural variation in the plasmotype results in additive as well as epistatic effects across all phenotypic categories. Plasmotypes which induce more additive phenotypic changes also cause more significant epistatic effects, suggesting a possible common basis for both additive and epistatic effects. On average epistatic interactions explained twice as much of the variance in phenotypes as additive plasmotype effects. The impact of plasmotypic variation was also more pronounced under fluctuating and stressful environmental conditions. Thus, the phenotypic impact of variation in plasmotypes is the outcome of multilevel Nucleotype x Plasmotype x Environment interactions and, as such, the plasmotype is likely to serve as a reservoir of variation which is predominantly exposed under certain conditions. The production of cybrids using haploid inducers is a quick and precise method for assessing the phenotypic effects of natural variation in organellar genomes. It will facilitate efficient screening of unique nucleotype-plasmotype combinations to both improve our understanding of natural variation in nucleotype-plasmotype interactions and identify favourable combinations to improve plant performance.
Low Temperature Biology of Insects

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Low temperature is a major environmental constraint impacting the geographic distribution and seasonal activity patterns of insects. Written for academic researchers in environmental physiology and entomology, this book explores the physiological and molecular mechanisms that enable insects to cope with a cold environment and places these findings into an evolutionary and ecological context. An introductory chapter provides a primer on insect cold tolerance and subsequent chapters in the first section discuss the organismal, cellular and molecular responses that allow insects to survive in the cold despite their, at best, limited ability to regulate their own body temperature. The second section, highlighting the evolutionary and macrophysiological responses to low temperature, is especially relevant for understanding the impact of global climate change on insect systems. A final section translates the knowledge gained from the rest of the book into practical applications including cryopreservation and the augmentation of pest management strategies.