jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The use of an in-house biotin-avidin linked immunosorbent assay to detect Aspergillus antigens in sera of immunocompromised patients.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A biotin-avidin-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to detect Aspergillus antigens in sera of immunocompromised patients. The assay was based on a double antibody sandwich ELISA using polyclonal antibodies raised against water-soluble antigens of Aspergillus fumigatus. Aspergillus antigens were positive in sera of 9 of 16 (56%) patients who were studied prospectively and in 13 of 73 (19%) patients studied retrospectively. The 9 prospectively studied patients who were antigen positive were febrile neutropenic hematological malignancy patients who exhibited a high risk of acquiring invasive aspergillosis.
IP Address Geolocation Method Based on Network Flow Analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As one of the basic data resources of Internet, IPv4 address is the most important identity for terminal users to access online resources. With the development of modern Internet, more and more intelligent applications need the terminal's geolocation information to supply high quality services. How to locate the geolocation of the source IP address has become a very important topic in Internet research area. Due to the extremely complex network topology of internet service providers (ISP), and the inadequate resources invested by management institutions, there are still some limitations in the traditional IP address geolocation methods. In this paper, based on the growing number of smart terminal users, the network flow analysis method is proposed, GPS features are extracted, and the testing system is established. The results indicate that it is an effective, simple and accurate IP address geolocation method by long time accumulation. In future, it can be promoted to the mobile software company to improve basic data management of Internet.
NHC-Mediated Photochemical/Electrochemical Synthesis of Carbonyl Compounds

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Great progress has been made in the photochemical/electrochemical reactions of carbonyl compounds catalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), allowing for many incredible reactions. The form of active intermediates hugely varies in different reactions. Under light or electricity, different active intermediates can be generated during NHC-catalyzed reactions depending on their interaction with different substrates and the reaction conditions. Intermediates can be converted into α,β-unsaturated acylazoliums, Breslow intermediates, homoenolates, and acylazoliums and subsequently undergo single- or double-electron conversions. This study reviews the different active intermediates formed by NHC in photochemical/electrochemical catalysis. 1 Introduction 2 NHC-Mediated Photoreactions 3 NHC-Mediated Electrochemical Reactions 4 Conclusion and Prospects
The Fate of Cells with Chromosome Aberrations after Total-Body Irradiation and Bone Marrow Transplantation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cytogenetic studies were done on bone marrow cells and peripheral lymphocytes of four patients (three with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, one with aplastic anemia) at various intervals up to 861 days after total-body X irradiation (TBI) at doses between 4.5 and 10 Gy (450-1000 rad) followed by syngeneic or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Whereas no radiation-induced aberrations could be found in the bone marrow, apart from a transient finding in the patient with the lowest radiation dose, aberrant metaphases were seen in the peripheral lymphocytes of three patients in the range from 2.5 to 46% even at 861 days after the exposure. There were no demonstrable aberrations related to TBI in the only patient developing graft-versus-host disease. The dicentric yield as determined in the aberrant metaphases with 46 centromeres ranged between 3.4 +/- 1.3 and 4.9 +/- 0.4. In one patient it was demonstrated by BUdR-labeling that after 10 Gy (1000 rad) TBI the surviving and heavily damaged lymphocytes can go into cell cycle and reach at least the third mitosis. The percentage of aberrant cells diminished by about 25% at each mitotic division.
On the solution of some minimax problems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In dynamic minimax and stochastic optimization problems frequently one is forced to use a suboptimal controller since the computation and implementation of the optimal controller based on dynamic programming is impractical in many cases. In this paper we study the performance of some suboptimal controllers in relation to the performance of the optimal feedback controller and the optimal open-loop controller. Attention is focused on some classes of, so called, open-loop-feed-back controllers. It is shown under quite general assumptions that these open-loop-feedback controllers perform at least as well as the optimal open-loop controller. The results are developed for general minimax problems with perfect and imperfect state information. In the latter case the open-loop-feedback controller mkes use of an estimator which is required to perform at least as well as a pure predictor in order for the results to hold. Some of the results presented have stochastic counterparts.
An ovine model for delivery of alcohol and nicotine during gestation

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Alcohol consumption and smoking during pregnancy are two well known factors associated with premature birth and numerous adverse health effects in newborn infants, including pneumonia. Sheep have similar lung structure, development and innate immune gene expression and can be delivered preterm. In a pilot study, in one pregnant ewe, ½” polyethylene cannula was surgically implanted in abomasal cavity (ruminant stomach). Ethanol (40% at 1mg/kg) was infused through the cannula and repeated 1 week later at 1.5 mg/kg. By headspace gas chromatography, the serum ethanol levels at 6, 12, 24 hr were: 198 +/− 9 mg/dl, 58 +/− 12 mg/dl, 8 mg/dl respectively and 250+/− 20 mg/dl, 109 +/− 10 mg/dl, 24 mg/dl respectively. In another ewe, the lateral neck region was clipped and fitted with transdermal nicotine patch (21 mg) and repeated 1 week later at 42 mg. By HPLC, cotinine plasma levels at 6, 12, 24 hr were: 25 ng/ml, 25 ng/ml, 50 ng/ml respectively and 57 ng/ml, 44 ng/ml, 37 ng/ml respectively. The procedure was repeated in one pregnant ewe that received both, ethanol (40% at 1mg/kg) and nicotine (21 mg) and the serum ethanol levels at 6, 12, 24 hr were: 160+/− 11 mg/dl, 56+/− 5 mg/dl, not detected respectively. The plasma cotinine levels at 6, 12, 24 hr were: 76 ng/ml, 63 ng/ml and 31ng/ml respectively. These procedures were repeated in a group of 24 pregnant ewes that received either ethanol (7 ewes) or nicotine (8 ewes) or were controls (8 ewes). Lambs born from these ewes reached full gestation. This study demonstrates that the intra‐abomasal alcohol administration and transdermal nicotine patch application allow delivery of sufficient and reliable blood levels of both ethanol and nicotine in pregnant ewes and does not result in premature birth.
Enhancing the Anticancer Potential of Targeting Tumor-Associated Metalloenzymes via VEGFR Inhibition by New Triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidinone Acyclo C-Nucleosides Multitarget Agents

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The role of metalloenzymes in tumor progression had broadened their application in cancer therapy. Of these, MMPs and CAs are validated druggable targets that share some pivotal signaling pathways. The majority of MMPs or CAs inhibitors are designed as single-target agents. Despite their transient efficacy, these agents are often susceptible to resistance. This set the stage to introduce dual inhibitors of correlated MMPs and CAs. The next step is expected to target the common vital signaling nodes as well. In this regard, VEGFR-2 is central to various tumorigenesis events involving both families, especially MMP-2 and CA II. Herein, we report simultaneous inhibition of MMP-2, CA II, and VEGFR-2 via rationally designed hybrid 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidinone acyclo C-nucleosides. The promising derivatives were nanomolar inhibitors of VEGFR-2 (8; IC50 = 5.89 nM, 9; IC50 = 10.52 nM) and MMP-2 (8; IC50 = 17.44 nM, 9; IC50 = 30.93 nM) and submicromolar inhibitors of CA II (8; IC50 = 0.21 µM, 9; IC50 = 0.36 µM). Docking studies predicted their binding modes into the enzyme active sites and the structural determinants of activity regarding substitution and regioselectivity. MTT assay demonstrated that both compounds were 12 folds safer than doxorubicin with superior anticancer activities against three human cancers recording single-digit nanomolar IC50, thus echoing their enzymatic activities. Up to our knowledge, this study introduces the first in class triazolopyrimidinone acyclo C-nucleosides VEGFR-2/MMP-2/CA II inhibitors that deserve further investigation.
AN EXAMINATION OF THE EXTENT OF RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION AND DAMAGES TO LIVES AND PROPERTIES IN TAKUM AND USSA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF TARABA STATE NIGERIA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study has examined the extent of residential segregation and damages to lives and properties in Takum and Ussa Local Government Areas of Taraba state. The study aimed to examine the extent of residential segregation and damages to lives and properties in Takum and Ussa LGAsl. In all, the worse affected areas of Takum, Rogo, Lissam and Rufu were grided into 40 squares, 38 of which were directly on the area and in each of the grids, 10 questionnaires were randomly administered on individuals bringing the total to 380 questionnaires designed to elicit information on causes of the crisis, its effects on production and income levels of the people, the extent of residential segregation and damages to lives and property were administered to randomly selected members of the society. The study has identified the causes of crisis to include poverty, chieftaincy tussle, boundary adjustment, youth unemployment, among others. The study found that robbery, vandalism, house breaking and social segregations were perpetrated mostly by the youths and are the aftermath of the crisis which resulted from perceived feelings of marginalization, claims of unequal access to economic, social and political opportunities in the area. This crisis in the area due to its persistence and recurrent nature, has also led to damages of lives and property and decrease in people’s economic activities which calls for in-depth study to the problem. Also, the study found that throughout the crisis years, there was a decline in the level of agricultural investment/yield, income levels of the people of the area, and increased the level of social and residential segregation and damages to lives and property amounting to billions of Naira. This research concluded that for any meaningful development, to take place in the area, a number of policies that will check conflicts and address the problems of the people have to be put in place by governments at all levels and even the communities which should include; provision of basic social amenities, provision of job opportunities, the establishment of skills acquisition centers and the implementation of the various committee reports set up at different times to look into the crisis. These measures, the study posits will bring about
Importance of the experimental setup in research on attractiveness of odours in moths: an example with Busseola fusca

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Wind tunnel and Y‐tube olfactometer studies are useful for demonstrating the responsiveness of male moths to sex pheromones. However, in the cereal stem borer, B usseola fusca ( F uller) ( L epidoptera: N octuidae), wind tunnel bioassays yielded poor results when the behavioural responses of females to plant odours were tested. We demonstrated that for B . fusca females, the Y‐tube olfactometer was better suited for measuring the attractiveness of plant odours, compared with the wind tunnel. In particular, we showed B . fusca preference for odours of a host over a non‐host plant species using this apparatus. Behavioural responses for B . fusca after host finding are also discussed.
SU-A-210-00: AAPM Medical Physics Student Meeting: Medical Billing and Regulations: Everything You Always Wanted To Know, But Were Too Afraid To Ask

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this student annual meeting is to address topics that are becoming more relevant to medical physicists, but are not frequently addressed, especially for students and trainees just entering the field. The talk is divided into two parts: medical billing and regulations. Hsinshun Wu – Why should we learn radiation oncology billing? Many medical physicists do not like to be involved with medical billing or coding during their career. They believe billing is not their responsibility and sometimes they even refuse to participate in the billing process if given the chance. This presentation will talk about a physicist's long career and share his own experience that knowing medical billing is not only important and necessary for every young medical physicist, but that good billing knowledge could provide a valuable contribution to his/her medical physics development. Learning Objectives: 1. The audience will learn the basic definition of Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes performed in a Radiation Oncology Department. 2. Understand the differences between hospital coding and physician-based or freestanding coding. 3. Apply proper CPT coding for each Radiation Oncology procedure. 4. Each procedure with its specific CPT code will be discussed in detail. 5. The talk will focus on the process of care and use of actual workflow to understand each CPT code. 6. Example coding of a typical Radiation Oncology procedure. 7. Special procedure coding such as brachytherapy, proton therapy, radiosurgery, and SBRT. Maryann Abogunde – Medical physics opportunities at the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) The NRC's responsibilities include the regulation of medical uses of byproduct (radioactive) materials and oversight of medical use end-users (licensees) through a combination of regulatory requirements, licensing, safety oversight including inspection and enforcement, operational experience evaluation, and regulatory support activities. This presentation will explore the career options for medical physicists in the NRC, how the NRC interacts with clinical medical physicists, and a physicist's experience as a regulator. Learning Objectives: 1. Explore non-clinical career pathways for medical physics students and trainees at the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. 2. Overview of NRC medical applications and medical use regulations. 3. Understand the skills needed for physicists as regulators. Abogunde is funded to attend the meeting by her employer, the NRC.
British Bryological Society expedition to Mulanje Mountain, Malawi. 18.Cololejeunea lichenyae, a new species of Lejeuneaceae (Jungermanniopsida) from Malawi

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cololejeunea lichenyae sp. nov. is described and illustrated from the Lichenya Plateau, Mulanje Mountain, Malawi, and compared with the other known species of Cololejeunea with auriculate, heart-shaped perianths.
Electronic Prescribing by Medical Students: Descriptive Data and Inferred Clinical Impact

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

We analysed data from the electronic medication chart at tertiary healthcare facilities during Nov 2020-Nov 2023 following a reconfiguration of prescribing permissions allowing medical student inpatient prescribing. A total of 262 students prescribed for 2205 patients. The 17,769 prescriptions were spread throughout the 7-day week and were mainly created in the evening (1600-2100) and within 4 hours of patient entry into hospital. The supervising doctors approved 11,434 (64%) prescriptions, which are inferred to have saved 203 hours of doctor time. Allowing medical students to prescribe facilitates clinical workflow. The impact on student education and prescribing errors requires further work.
Three‐dimensional echocardiography in the evaluation and management of paravalvular regurgitation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Paravalvular regurgitation is an uncommon but serious complication that can be encountered after either surgical or percutaneous valve replacement and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Early detection and accurate assessment of paravalvular regurgitation are crucial to identify those who would benefit from intervention. Recent advances in 3‐dimensional echocardiography have increased the feasibility of percutaneous approaches for the management of paravalvular regurgitation. Percutaneous closure of paravalvular regurgitation has emerged as a favorable alternative for redo surgery in selected cases. This article will review the role of 3‐dimensional echocardiography in the assessment and management of paravalvular regurgitation.
Disparate Style Lengths Contribute to Isolation of Species in Rhododendron

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

For a group of closely related Rhododendron species in section Vireya, it is shown that success of interspecific pollinations is significantly dependent on male/female style length ratio (SLR), and apparently independent of whether both species belong to the same taxonomic subsection. Crosses with SLR &lt; 0.2 or SLR &gt; 6 were unsuccessful, with the probability of success increasing as SLR approached 1.0. When SLR was &lt; 0.2 pollen tubes of the shorter-styled species were unable to reach the ovary. When SLR was &gt; 5-6, pollen tubes of the longer-styled species penetrated deeply into the ovary but were rarely observed to enter ovules. Disparate style lengths are therefore a major incongruity factor among Vireya rhododendrons, and may contribute to species isolation.
A polymorphism within a conserved β1-adrenergic receptor motif alters cardiac function and β-blocker response in human heart failure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Heterogeneity of heart failure (HF) phenotypes indicates contributions from underlying common polymorphisms. We considered polymorphisms in the β 1 -adrenergic receptor (β 1 AR), a β-blocker target, as candidate pharmacogenomic loci. Transfected cells, genotyped human nonfailing and failing ventricles, and a clinical trial were used to ascertain phenotype and mechanism. In nonfailing and failing isolated ventricles, β 1 -Arg-389 had respective 2.8 ± 0.3- and 4.3 ± 2.1-fold greater agonist-promoted contractility vs. β 1 -Gly-389, defining enhanced physiologic coupling under relevant conditions of endogenous expression and HF. The β-blocker bucindolol was an inverse agonist in failing Arg, but not Gly, ventricles, without partial agonist activity at either receptor; carvedilol was a genotype-independent neutral antagonist. In transfected cells, bucindolol antagonized agonist-stimulated cAMP, with a greater absolute decrease observed for Arg-389 (435 ± 80 vs. 115 ± 23 fmol per well). Potential pathophysiologic correlates were assessed in a placebo-controlled trial of bucindolol in 1,040 HF patients. No outcome was associated with genotype in the placebo group, indicating little impact on the natural course of HF. However, the Arg-389 homozygotes treated with bucindolol had an age-, sex-, and race-adjusted 38% reduction in mortality ( P = 0.03) and 34% reduction in mortality or hospitalization ( P = 0.004) vs. placebo. In contrast, Gly-389 carriers had no clinical response to bucindolol compared with placebo. Those with Arg-389 and high baseline norepinephrine levels trended toward improved survival, but no advantage with this allele and exaggerated sympatholysis was identified. We conclude that β 1 AR-389 variation alters signaling in multiple models and affects the β-blocker therapeutic response in HF and, thus, might be used to individualize treatment of the syndrome.
Factors affecting the outcome of aggressive territorial interactions in dark wing damselflies (Calopteryx maculata).

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Based on the field observations of dark wing damselflies in Northern Michigan it was hypothesized that the outcome of aggressive territorial interactions may be affected by properties of the site, the intruder, or the interaction. Specifically, that a high quality site, many females present, low residence time, the intruder being a previous resident, high interaction time, and/or small resident size would decrese resident wins. To test this, field data on these parameters was collected during interactions and correlated with resident wins or losses. Three qualitatively different territorial sites were used and the individuals were marked for identification. Observations were made of both unassisted behavior and field experiments that entailed the removal of a resident male who was released immediately upon re-occupation of the site. Most of the short-time resident data came from these experiments. Out of 46 interactions the resident lost 22% of the time, those losses occurring in the highest quality territories 100% of the time. Chi-square and t-test analysis did not show statistical significance for any of the parameters tested except interaction time and size of participants. The limited number of trials regarding size makes its significance questionable. The results indicate that the residence effect may be less important that previously reported. If so, the number of resident losses in the high quality territories coupled with lengthy interaction times may indicate that it is not uncommon for intruders to find that the reproductive benefits outweigh the energetic costs of conflict.
17β-Estradiol Up-regulates the Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptor through a Nongenotropic Pathway in Prostate Cancer Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Prostate carcinomas frequently express estrogen receptors (ER), irrespective of androgen receptor (AR) expression; however, the role of ERs and estrogens in prostate cancer is controversial. We found that 17β-estradiol (E2) is able to markedly up-regulate insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I receptor (IGF-IR) mRNA and protein expression in both AR-positive (LNCaP cells) and AR-negative (PC-3 cells) prostate cancer cells. This effect occurs not only via ERα but also via ERβ stimulation and is specific for IGF-IR because it does not involve the cognate insulin receptor. IGF-IR up-regulation is associated with increased IGF-IR phosphorylation and with increased mitogenic and motogenic activities in response to IGF-I. IGF-IR up-regulation by E2 does not require ER binding to DNA and is poorly sensitive to antiestrogen blockade, whereas it is associated with the activation of cytosolic kinase cascades involving Src, extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2, and, to a lesser extent, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and is sensitive to the inhibition of these kinases. In conclusion, our data indicate that estrogens may contribute to IGF system deregulation in prostate cancer through the activation of a nongenotropic pathway. Estrogens may have a role, therefore, in tumor progression to androgen independence. Inhibition of the IGF-IR or the Src-ERK pathway should be considered, therefore, as an adjuvant therapy in prostate cancer. [Cancer Res 2007;67(18):8932–41]