jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of Peperidine on Rubber Solutions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In the experiments which have been described, the viscosity measurement served as an indicator to establish the amount of piperidine required for a substantial viscosity reduction. The bend in the viscosity curves for the 5% crepe solutions occurred for a piperidine addition of about 3×10 −5 moles. The quantity appears to be in stoichiometric relation to the rubber used. Therefore we come to the view of Meyer, that rubber exhibits associating, oxygen-containing groups. Accordingly, the strong effect of piperidine in lowering the viscosity is due to the action of this amine in splitting all the association bonds of the oxygen-containing groups in the rubber molecules. Not only the weak alcohol and keto bonds are concerned but also the strong carboxyl bonds. Infrared spectroscopy also has shown that Hevea rubber contains a rather large portion of such groups. These probably are first formed in the processing of the latex. It is quite possible that the rubber molecules associate with the help of carboxyl groups, as carboxylic acids generally do, and form the relatively stable dimer compound shown below with two hydrogen bonds:
XAVE: Cross-Platform Based Asymmetric Virtual Environment for Immersive Content

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This study proposes XAVE–an asymmetric virtual environment in which users on various devices and platforms (personal computer (PC), mobile devices, virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) users, and actor-based avatars using motion capture) participate together by expanding the range of users considered in the existing asymmetric virtual environment studies. XAVE aims to provide a novel experiential environment that includes non-immersive and immersive participation methods for immersive applications and contents. All users interact with virtual environments, objects, and users easily and conveniently through a common and popular interface that considers the characteristics of the devices and experiential methods. PC and mobile users interact through keyboard, mouse, and touchscreen inputs based on graphical user interfaces (GUIs). VR users interact using controllers while wearing head-mounted displays (HMDs), and AR users interact through the image target and GUI on mobile devices. Avatar users participating in virtual environments using motion capture were considered to construct asymmetric virtual environments that can be used in various metaverse and immersive content fields. Furthermore, an application where all users can participate and experience together was created and used to statistically analyze and examine user satisfaction with the interface and presence in the virtual environment through surveys.
Mammalian Polycomb Scmh1 mediates exclusion of Polycomb complexes from the XY body in the pachytene spermatocytes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The product of the Scmh1 gene, a mammalian homolog of DrosophilaSex comb on midleg, is a constituent of the mammalian Polycomb repressive complexes 1 (Prc1). We have identified Scmh1 as an indispensable component of the Prc1. During progression through pachytene, Scmh1 was shown to be excluded from the XY body at late pachytene, together with other Prc1 components such as Phc1, Phc2, Rnf110 (Pcgf2), Bmi1 and Cbx2. We have identified the role of Scmh1 in mediating the survival of late pachytene spermatocytes. Apoptotic elimination of Scmh1-/- spermatocytes is accompanied by the preceding failure of several specific chromatin modifications at the XY body, whereas synapsis of homologous autosomes is not affected. It is therefore suggested that Scmh1 is involved in regulating the sequential changes in chromatin modifications at the XY chromatin domain of the pachytene spermatocytes. Restoration of defects in Scmh1-/-spermatocytes by Phc2 mutation indicates that Scmh1 exerts its molecular functions via its interaction with Prc1. Therefore, for the first time, we are able to indicate a functional involvement of Prc1 during the meiotic prophase of male germ cells and a regulatory role of Scmh1 for Prc1,which involves sex chromosomes.
Photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction by Cr-substituted Ba<sub>2</sub>(In<sub>2-x</sub>Cr<sub>x</sub>)O<sub>5</sub>·(H<sub>2</sub>O)δ (0.04 ≤ x ≤ 0.60)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Cr-substituted polycrystalline Ba2(In2-xCrx)O5·(H2O)δ powders (0.04 ≤ x ≤ 0.60) were synthesized by solid state reaction to investigate the relation of crystal structure, thermochemical, magnetic, and optical properties. The Cr-substitution results in an unit cell expansion and formation of the higher-symmetric tetragonal phase together with increased oxygen and hydrogen contents. Magnetic property measurements reveal that the diamagnetic pristine Ba2In2O5·(H2O)δ becomes magnetically ordered upon Cr-substitution. By UV–vis spectroscopy a gradual shift of the absorption-edge energy to lower values was observed. Numerical calculations showed that the observed bandgap narrowing was ascribed to the Cr induced states near the Fermi level. The correlation between the changes of crystal chemistry, magnetic, and optical properties of Cr-substituted Ba2(In2-xCrx)O5·(H2O)δ can be explained by the replacement of In by Cr. Consequently, an enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity was observed with increasing Cr substitution, compatible with the state-of-the-art high surface area TiO2 photocatalyst (P-25).
LONG-TERM CHANGES AND SEASONAL PATTERNS IN POSSUM (TRICHOSURUS VULPECULA) LEAF DIET, ORONGORONGO VALLEY, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary: Possum leaf diet from 1976 to 1989 in the Orongorongo Valley was compared with the diet recorded from four previous years, using faecal analysis. There were large differences in the proportions of species eaten in different seasons and between different years. There was little overall change in the proportion of the main diet tree species, Metrosideros robusta and Weinmannia racemosa, and seasonal increases or declines in one were usually balanced by opposite changes in the other. However, the results of a study of forest composition in the same area showed that living stems of both species declined substantially in abundance, the former mostly before 1978. Melicytus ramiflorus maintained both an important contribution to the diet and its stem density in the forest. The lianes Metrosideros fulgens and Ripogonum scandens both increased their proportion of the diet, but no data were available on their abundance in the study area. At present browse levels, Weinmannia racemosa will become extinct locally, and Metrosideros robusta more rare, especially if drought and higher than average possum densities coincide. Given their large contribution to possum diet, the decline of these species will have a significant effect on possum feeding habits, including increased browsing pressure on Melicytus ramiflorus, Ripogonum scandens and Metrosideros fulgens. The trend for formerly less palatable tree species to replace those previously important in the diet will continue, with consequent changes in forest species composition.
Epithelial mesenchymal transition in human menstruation and implantation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The endometrium during the sexual cycle undergoes detachment, tissue remodeling, and differentiation during the menstrual cycle. Localized and transient destruction and regeneration of endometrial tissue are also essential for pregnancy. It is possible to attribute many causes of failure in infertility treatment to the implantation stage. To improve the success rate of plateau fertility treatment, it is important to understand the regeneration mechanism of the endometrium, a unique regenerative tissue in the human body. In association with cell proliferation, tissue remodeling requires the relocation of proliferative cells, and the steady-state epithelial cells need to be motile for the relocation. Transient add-on motile activity in epithelial cells is mediated by epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and reversible mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET). The destruction and regeneration of endometrial tissue over a period of days to weeks requires a system with a rapid and characteristic mechanism similar to that of wound healing. Here, I review the relationship between the well-known phenomenon of EMT in wound healing and endometrial tissue remodeling during the sexual cycle and pregnancy establishment, which are automatically triggered by menstruation and embryonal invasion.
Damage Formulation of Random Particulate Composites by Combined Micromechanics and Damage Mechanics

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Damage evolution of random particulate composites is formulated by combined micromechanics and damage mechanics. Damage mechanics is applied to filler particles to describe interfacial debonding, which in turn incorporated into Mori-Tanaka's mean field theory for stiffness prediction of damaged composites. The model uses an energy balance concept to account for nonlinear behavior due to particle debonding. With this model, the effect of partial debonding on anisotropic damage development of composites are analytically investigated.
ACCURACY OF GENETIC PARAMETERS ESTIMATION AND PREDICTION OF GENOTYPIC VALUES IN EUCALYPTUS USING DIFFERENT PLOT TYPES

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A suitable experimental design should control the environmental effect and be capable of discriminating genotypes. Two clonal tests of Eucalyptus were planted side by side in a randomized block design with the same 32 treatments under two different plot designs. The first trial was designed with five plants per plot (linear plot, LP) and six block replicates at a spacing of 3 x 2 m. The second trial was designed with one plant per plot (single-tree plot, STP) and 30 block replicates also at a spacing of 3 x 2 m. Diameter at breast height (dbh), height (h), and individual volume (vo/) were measured at five years of age. The STP design presented broad-sense heritabilities values of 0.23 for h and 0.41 for vol, which were higher than those found for the LP design (0.12 for h and 0.22 for vol). The ratio between the standard error and the estimated genotypic variance (<(s(g)))over cap> was lower for the three evaluated traits in the STP trial. The correlations between the genetic values were positive and of high magnitude, ranging from 0.87 (h) to 0.91 (vol), but there were many differences between the two designs with regard to the ranking of clones. The STP presented better discriminant power according to the biplot analysis, as well as more accurate and reliable estimates.
First-Generation Students With Undecided Majors: A Qualitative Study of University Reacculturation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

When they enter institutions of higher education, students typically leave behind one culture to join another. Despite the higher rates of attrition for first-generation students over continuing-generation students and undecided students over declared students, little research has been focused on undeclared first-generation students. To understand the challenges and experiences of first-generation undecided students transitioning to a new and unfamiliar academic environment, we applied a reacculturation process to this qualitative exploratory case study of 35 students. Data came from interviews, focus group interactions, observations, and written responses to open-ended questions, which were subsequently triangulated. Findings revealed heightened feelings of stress, desire to become comfortable on campus, reliance upon continuing-generation friends, helpfulness of a specialized first-year seminar course, and uncertainty about advisors' roles.
English reading courseware using persuasive design strategy for kindergarten / Nurulfathiah Kamarudin

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

There is a wide range of English Reading Courseware for kindergarten. However, it is difficult for the developer to select an appropriate theory that is parallel to the English course. We propose to use a Persuasive Design Strategy in constructing the cour seware as it is ensure an efficient motivating roadmap and at the same time, we are focusing on our target user to engage the changes from traditional method to the CD-ROM based teaching assistance. The developer conduct an interview and researches of case study to obtain an information and used Read Easy Phonics Book as a references. Before the courseware development begin, we make sure to sketch and organized a storyboard and navigation map. This is because, both are a great tools to ensure the developer know and understand the flow of the courseware content from the beginning to the end. After the development is complete, the expert and user evaluation had been done. The expert are required to fill in the result in Expert Evaluation Form, meanwhile the user evaluation are measured by using usability metrics of effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction. The evaluation is functioning as a measurement of the courseware succession and every comment and suggestions received from the expert will be considered as an enhancement in future.
Bioprospecting of Microbes Producing Commercially Useful Products

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Microbial bioprospecting is screening, isolating and identifying microbes from their natural sources which could be helpful in producing industrially useful products. It is estimated that more than 50 % of the molecules discovered in the world are from natural sources. Among these, microbes form an integral part in production of novel molecules. Although soil screening is an age old method in isolating commercially useful microbes, still it remains largely unexplored. In the present study, bioprospecting of soil samples around Udupi was carried out. Soil samples collected around various locations near Udupi were screened for microbes with antibiotic and amylolytic activities. Among the various isolates screened, KWF-2 showed significant antibiotic and amyloly tic activity. Due to the promising result, further studies on characterization and optimization for increasing the yield of antibiotic and amylase are being carried out.
Health monitoring of steel structures using surface mountable and detachable PZT sensor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A lot of collapse in the infrastructure were reported in the last decades, hence the need for monitoring the health of the structures also arises. There are various techniques available to monitor the health of the structure, in which Electromechanical impedance (EMI) technique is one of them. In EMI technique, the PZT sensor is bonded to/embedded in the structure using epoxy. The thickness of epoxy layer used as an adhesive should be maintained as thin as possible, which cannot be achieved ideally, which introduces shear lag effect such that is, complete strain transfer cannot take place between PZT and host structure. The shear lag effect caused is one of the major drawbacks in the EMI technique and due to this effect, the damage detection sensitivity decreases. To overcome this drawback, in this study a new sensor named Surface Mounted PZT Sensor (SMPS) is proposed for the steel structure. Along with this, the performance of other sensor configurations such as conventionally bonded PZT with epoxy that is Surface Bonded PZT Sensor (SBPS) and Adhesive Covered Surface Bonded PZT Sensor (ACSBPS) are also been compared. The results show that, SMPS was working effectively and was more sensitive compared to SBPS and ACSBPS.
Causal inference: relating language to event representations and events in the world

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Events are not isolated but rather linked to one another in various dimensions. In language processing, various sources of information—including real-world knowledge, (representations of) current linguistic input and non-linguistic visual context—help establish causal connections between events. In this review, we discuss causal inference in relation to events and event knowledge as one aspect of world knowledge, and their representations in language comprehension. To evaluate the mechanism and time course of causal inference, we gather insights from studies on (1) implicit causality/consequentiality as a specific form of causal inference regarding the protagonists of cause/consequence events, and (2) the processing of causal relations. We highlight the importance of methodology in measuring causal inference, compare the results from different research methods, and emphasize the contribution of the visual-world paradigm to achieve a better understanding of causal inference. We recommend that further investigations of causal inference consider temporally sensitive measures and more detailed contexts.
Facile substitution of ammonia ligands in a diplatinum(III) complex of 1-methyluracil

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFacile substitution of ammonia ligands in a diplatinum(III) complex of 1-methyluracilBernhard Lippert, Helmut Schoellhorn, and Ulf ThewaltCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 4, 407–408Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00224a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00224a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views46Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
National Power and Local Politics in India: A Twenty-year Perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The study of federal political systems, particularly parliamentary or representative federal political systems, such as those in the United States, Canada, or India involves complexities that do not exist in unitary states such as Great Britain or France. In the first place, there are three or more institutional levels in such systems, each of which has its own arena in which political struggles take place. Second, the balance of power among the levels in federal systems varies in different systems and in the same system at different times. Third, the study of the extraparliamentary organizations, such as political parties, and of social movements, also becomes a more complex task since it cannot be assumed that a political party or social movement with the same name is the same sort of formation in New York and Mississippi or in Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. Moreover, in federal systems with a high degree of regional cultural diversity, each federal unit in the country may have a distinctive configuration of extraconstitutional political formations and social forces. This is certainly the case in India, the most culturally diverse of all existing federal parliamentary systems in the world today. Fourth, politics in federal systems takes place between levels as well as within levels, again in far more complex ways than in unitary systems.
Investigation on Depression State of Early Pregnant Women in Chengdu

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the depression state of certain early pregnant women so as to provide the basis for psychological intervention.Methods From July 1st to December 31th 2009,1350 women who were confirmed pregnancy,with gestational age ≤ 12 weeks,voluntarily participated in this study and underwent survey with Edinburgh postnatal depression scale(EPDS).Results The depression rate of women with early pregnancy was 39.2%.When things go wrong,I blame myself unnecessarily scored the highest in the EPDS general,depression group and non-depression group.The depression rates of the groups of less than 24 years old and over 35 years old were significantly higher than that of the group between 25 to 34 years old(P0.05).Conclusion Early pregnant women are prone to depression,especially younger and older pregnant women,which deserves particular attention on the psychological state of women of early pregnancy.
Theologians as persons in Dante's Commedia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This thesis examines the roles of four major theologians in Dante’s Commedia: Augustine (354-430), Gregory the Great (c. 540-604), Bernard of Clairvaux (1090-1153), and Thomas Aquinas (1225-1275), and asks what their appearances as persons in the poem can tell us about Dante’s conception of theology. Dante chooses to represent theology through a series of personal encounters with individuals and individual theologians: the project asks how he transforms or incorporates these perceptions in the Commedia. My claim is that the character of Beatrice should be understood as a theologian within the poem, even though her claim to such status relies not on an established historical authority—on written treatises, sermons, works or reputation—but purely on the nature of the particular person which Dante constructed in his poetic career.
Growth performance of different strains of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, (Linnaeus, 1757) in cages.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study was to verify the growth performance of different strains of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, in individual cages installed in the laboratory of Universidade Estadual de Londrina (Paraná, Brazil). The strain from Thailand, the local strain of the northern Paraná and their hybrid (Thailand male x local female) were studied. The experiment was carried out in 36 individual cages with controlled water quality and water temperature. The initial weight was 37.20  4.83; 35.05  3.56 and 35.52  4.19g for Thailand, hybrid and local strains respectively. At the end of the experiment the weights were 64.08  12.16; 53.36  10.08 and 52.73  7.92g for the same previous sequence. The condition factor (Kn) estimated for the different strains showed no difference (p>0.05). Primer software was used for variance analysis and for Student Newman Keuls test. The Thailand strain presented the best growth performance (p>0.05), but no significant difference was found between local and hybrid strains.