jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Chemometric and sensometric techniques in enological data analysis

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Enological evaluations capture the chemical and sensory space of wine using different techniques; many sensory methods as well as a variety of analytical chemistry techniques contribute to the amount of information generated. Data fusion, especially integrating data sets, is important when working with complex systems. The success reported when trying to integrate different modalities is generally low and has been attributed to the lack of statistically considerate strategies focusing on the data handling process. Multiple stages of data handling must be carefully considered when dealing with multi-modal data. In this review, the different stages in the data analysis process were examined. The study revealed misconceptions surrounding the process and elucidated rules for purpose-driven approaches by examining the complexities of each stage and the impact the decisions made at each stage have on the resulting models. The two major modeling approaches are either supervised (discrimination, classification, prediction) or unsupervised (exploration). Supervised approaches were emphatic on the pre-processing steps and prioritized increasing performance. Unsupervised approaches were mostly used for preliminary steps. The review found aspects often neglected when it came to the data collection and capturing which in the end contributed to the low success in combining sensory and chemistry data.
Analysis of fatty acids by mass spectrometry in the selected ion monitoring mode

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract GC/EI‐MS‐SIM (gas chromatography / electron ionisation – mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring) can be easily applied to the determination of fatty acids as methyl esters (FAME). SIM masses should have a high relative abundance and for this reason we suggest m/z 74 and m/z 87 for saturated and monoenoic fatty acids as well as m/z 79 and m/z 81 for FAME with more than one double bond. The relevance and ratio of these fragment ions along with GC retention times enables a good identification of a FAME represented by a peak detected in the chromatograms. Compared to GC with a flame ionisation detector, this simple method provides a higher selectivity and better sensitivity. It also offers the possibilities of using a wide range of internal standards which enables the individual quantification of FAME instead of the determination of their contributions to the fatty acid pattern.
Scutellarein Protects Against UVB-Induced Skin Injury in a Mouse Model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

UVB radiation penetrates the epidermis and upper dermis, compromising skin barrier function. This activates pro-inflammatory cells, releasing mediators (e.g., histamine, interleukins) that induce edema. UVB also generates excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative stress in skin cells. Although the mechanisms of UV-induced skin damage have been extensively studied, the development of effective UV-protective drugs remains a significant challenge. Scutellarin, a flavonoid glycoside predominantly isolated from Erigeron breviscapus, has demonstrated diverse bioactivities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor effects. However, its role in UVB-induced skin damage has not been fully explored. Therefore, we established a UVB-induced skin damage model in mice by irradiating the dorsal skin with a dose of 300 mJ/cm2 UVB. Through measurements of transepidermal water loss, detection of barrier-related proteins, assessment of inflammatory factors, and evaluation of oxidative stress indicators, we found that scutellarin can maintain barrier integrity, reduce skin edema, suppress inflammatory responses, and decrease oxidative stress. Moreover, RNA sequencing of mice skin revealed that scutellarin can modulate inflammatory responses and maintain extracellular matrix homeostasis to alleviate skin damage. These findings suggest that scutellarin is a natural compound with potential for UV-protective effects on the skin.
Travel, Politics and the Limits of Liminality During Australia’s Sixties

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Victor Turner describes the individual experience of travel as ‘liminal’. Opening new vistas of possibility, it upturns ordinary social conventions and codes, constructing in their place new communities of hope and change. Such utopian moments of encounter are, however, just that—moments that are fleeting and generally inconsequential. This paper seeks to understand and critique Turner’s ideas of liminality, pilgrimage and communitas within the context of Australian social movements in the ‘long’ and ‘global’ 1960s. Though often ignored or marginalised in local and international scholarship, Australia had a much more complex and interesting experience of this period than the paucity of scholarly work would indicate. In fact, a variety of activists in areas ranging from Indigenous rights to the peace and workers movements pushed the boundaries of political discourse during a period marked by stultifying social and cultural climates. Through a focus on three travel narratives—those of Brisbane radical Brian Laver and young Communist Party of Australia (CPA) members to Czechoslovakia and Bulgaria during 1968, Sydney Trotskyite Denis Freney to Algeria in the early 1960s and five Indigenous activists to a Black Power conference in Atlanta, Georgia in 1970—this paper will highlight the importance of global connections to Australian social movements. The notion of liminality will initially be critiqued through a focus on pre-histories to travel: the ideas, rumours and local problems that can be glossed over in work heralding the power of the moment. Such moments of encounter were, however, still transformative for these activists, with their variety of experiences facilitating what Turner called communitas, spontaneous affinities and solidarities across borders of race, culture and understanding. The pilgrims’ return concludes this discussion, with their ‘translation’ of global ideas into new, local contexts giving them the role not just of a missionary, but also a mediator—disrupting travel’s supposed fleetingness and locating its importance to the transnational flow of ideas during the Sixties.
Diversity and inclusion in hospitality and tourism: bridging the gap between employee and customer perspectives

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose This paper aims to provide a critical reflection on diversity and inclusion research from the hospitality and tourism literature. Design/methodology/approach Through conducting a critical reflection, this paper used a thematic analysis focused on integrating the scholarly literature that has developed separately: one focusing on the human resources perspective and another concentrating on customer behavior. This critical reflection bridges the gap between these two perspectives. Findings The authors develop and offer a research agenda for future research drawing from three areas ripe for future research: human resources management, diversity resistance and marketing. They focus on theory-driven research that has practical applications to make hospitality and tourism more inclusive for both the workforce and consumers. Practical implications Meaningful research must be translated into practice, and by addressing these research gaps, organizations can gain insights into diverse worker and customer experiences and create more effective diversity initiatives. Originality/value The current literature often lacks an integrated approach that bridges the gap between the two reviewed perspectives: the human resources management and marketing perspectives. A holistic understanding of diversity and inclusion is vital, as it recognizes the interconnectedness between employees and customers within the context of the hospitality and tourism sector is important for several reasons.
Enhancing fractalkine/CX3CR1 signalling pathway can reduce neuroinflammation by attenuating microglia activation in experimental diabetic retinopathy

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract The concept of diabetic retinopathy (DR) has been extended from microvascular disease to neurovascular disease in which microglia activation plays a remarkable role. Fractalkine (FKN)/CX3CR1 is reported to regulate microglia activation in central nervous system diseases. To characterize the effect of FKN on microglia activation in DR, we employed streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats, glyoxal‐treated R28 cells and hypoxia‐treated BV2 cells to mimic diabetic conditions and explored retinal neuronal apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as the expressions of FKN, Iba‐1, TSPO, NF‐κB, Nrf2 and inflammation‐related cytokines. The results showed that FKN expression declined with diabetes progression and in glyoxal‐treated R28 cells. Compared with normal control, retinal microglia activation and inflammatory factors surged in both diabetic rat retinas and hypoxia‐treated microglia, which was largely dampened by FKN. The NF‐κB and Nrf2 expressions and intracellular ROS were up‐regulated in hypoxia‐treated microglia compared with that in normoxia control, and FKN significantly inhibited NF‐κB activation, activated Nrf2 pathway and decreased intracellular ROS. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that FKN deactivated microglia via inhibiting NF‐κB pathway and activating Nrf2 pathway, thus to reduce the production of inflammation‐related cytokines and ROS, and protect the retina from diabetes insult.
Optimized skeletal morphologies of silicoflagellate generaDictyochaandDistephanus

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Several groups of siliceous microorganisms possess a skeletal latticework of interconnected rods. Skeletal configurations of one of these groups, the silicoflagellates, can be produced by a simple mathematical model that minimizes the apical surface area for a given basal area and internal volume. A similar model that minimizes the total length of the skeletal elements, and thus the silica utilization and skeletal weight, produces configurations that are generally less common in silicoflagellates. The diversity of silicoflagellate skeletal morphologies suggests that both the minimization of apical surface area and the conservation of skeletal material may be important factors in skeletal design. The two most important morphologies found in modern oceans, the four-sided Dictyocha and the six-sided Distephanus , can co-occur in an environment where both factors have some relative importance. However, these models do not explain the range of silicoflagellate skeletal morphology found in nature.
A Review of the Influence of Interactivity on Health-Related Outcomes and Recommendations for Future Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Interactivity is a foundational characteristic of mediated communication that may influence persuasion and attention. Interactivity refers to the two-way exchange of information contingent on previous input, meaning that websites and mobile systems can be more or less interactive depending on system affordances. There are multiple types of interactivity, including functional interactivity, which is based on the affordances of the system, and perceived interactivity, which is based on users’ perceptions of the responsiveness of the system as opposed to actual system features. Previous research has suggested that interactivity may be vital to the success of technologically driven health communication interventions.
Outcomes of c Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HCT) after Non-Myeloablative Conditioning in Relapsed, Refractory, or Transformed Indolent Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Sixty-two patients (pts) with chemotherapy-refractory indolent or transformed NHL were treated at 10 centers with allogeneic HCT from related (n=34) and unrelated (n=28) donors after 2 Gy total body irradiation with or without fludarabine. Diagnoses included follicular lymphoma (FL) (n=54, including 10 with grade 3 FL), small lymphocytic lymphoma (n=6), and marginal zone lymphoma (n=2). Median age was 54 years (range 33–66 years), and median time from diagnosis to HCT was 4.4 years (range 0.5–18.5 years). Sixteen pts had histologically documented transformation to diffuse aggressive lymphoma prior to HCT. Twenty-seven pts (44%) had failed autologous HCT. Disease status at the time of HCT was complete response (CR, n=16), partial response (PR, n=22), refractory (n=13), untested relapse (n=9), or unknown (n=2). Eleven of the 28 unrelated donor/recipient pairs (39%) had HLA mismatches: 2 at a single allele, 7 at a single antigen, and 2 at an antigen and an allele. One pt had non-fatal graft rejection from a 1-antigen-mismatched unrelated donor. Median follow-up of survivors after HCT was 36.6 months (range 2.3–60 months). Responses (CR [n=18] and PR [n=7]) were seen in 25 of 44 (57%) pts with evaluable disease prior to HCT, while 5 had stable disease, 9 progressed, and 5 were not evaluable due to early non-relapse mortality (NRM) on d27–d108. Two of 16 pts (13%) transplanted in CR relapsed; one was treated with donor lymphocyte infusion and achieved a persistent CR. The incidences of acute GVHD grades II–IV, III–IV, and chronic GVHD were 63%, 19%, and 53%, respectively. At 3 years, the risks of relapse/progression and NRM were 19% and 42%, respectively. There was a trend toward increased mortality with unrelated donors (HR 1.87 [0.9–3.7, p=0.08]). Progression-free and overall survival (PFS and OS) were significantly better in the non-transformed group (see tables 1 and 2). Table 1. Outcomes Non-transformed Transformed Relapse 6/46 (13%) 6/16 (38%) NRM 20/46 (43%) 6/16 (38%) 3-year OS 24/46 (52%) 4/16 (25%) 3-year PFS 20/46 (43%) 4/16 (25%) Table 2. Hazard Ratios (HR) for Transformed vs. Non-Transformed Pts HR (95% CI) p All-cause Mortality 2.39 (1.2–4.9) 0.02 Relapse/progression 4.75 (1.5–15) 0.01 Grade 3+ acute GVHD 1.84 (0.5–6.3) 0.35 Extensive chronic GVHD 1.96 (0.8–5.0) 0.18 Figure Figure Allogeneic HCT after non-myeloablative conditioning can produce durable responses and prolonged survival in pts with refractory indolent or transformed NHL. Pts transplanted before histologic transformation had significantly better outcomes. Future efforts will focus on reducing NRM and identifying optimal timing of HCT.
Bay-trapped low-frequency oscillations in lakes

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Observations of thermocline variation in long lakes have shown oscillations with periods of several days concentrated at the lake ends. These have been attributed to resonances of topographic shelf-wave reflection. Here a complementary description is presented showing how the presence of a shallow bay region at a lake end raises the maximum allowable frequency for locally propagating shelf-wave modes above the maximum for waves in the absence of the bay and thus leads to trapping of energy at frequencies lying between these two maxima. Keywords: Trapped modesTopographic waves Acknowledgements The authors thank the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council for supporting this work under grant EP/D058864/1. Notes † Care must be exercised in seeking analytical solutions in cut domains. If attention is restricted to modes propagating in a single direction (Mysak Citation1985, Mysak et al. Citation1985) then predicted velocities become infinite at the end of the cuts. Allowing waves to propagate in both directions (Johnson Citation1987b) avoids these interior singularities. No such difficulties arise in the present analysis as the numerical method finds only bounded solutions.
Future agricultural systems competencies of beginning Texas agricultural science teachers as determined by agricultural education professionals and administrators of agricultural education programs: a Delphi study

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

It has always been the initiative of agricultural education to provide our American society with the educational "needs of the day" (Meyer, 1999). As our nation and state enters a new era, it is fitting for an examination of the future needs of agricultural education teachers. In Texas, the State Board of Educator Certification (SBEC) currently has no assessment of the agricultural systems knowledge of agricultural education teaching candidates. This study examines the future agricultural systems competencies of beginning agricultural education teachers. Two groups, agricultural education professionals and administrators of agricultural education programs, were asked "what the future agricultural systems competencies of beginning agricultural science teachers should be." \n\tTwo independent panels, the first composed of eleven (11) educators and the second composed of twelve (12) school administrators, were identified to serve as experts. A three-round Delphi was used to collect the data. Each round allowed the expert panelists to converge to a consensus of agreement that identified future competencies for beginning agricultural science teachers. Panelists were asked to provide competencies associated with the five powerful and fundamental conceptual areas of biological, physical, social, informational, and other integrative science which underpin agricultural education (Paul, 1995). \nThe study revealed a three-fourths consensus with one-hundred (100) future competencies necessary for beginning Texas agricultural science teachers. Among these competencies twenty-three (23) were associated with the biological sciences, twenty-seven (27) were associated with the physical sciences, twenty-five (25) were associated with the social sciences, twenty (20) were associated with the informational sciences, and five (5) were associated with other integrative sciences. \nThe study found seventeen (17) "highly recommended" topics and six (6) "recommended" topics related to the future agricultural systems competencies identified by the expert panelists. Cooper and Layard (2001) reveal that our future society will be much more technologically and sociologically advanced requiring teacher preparation institutions and state agencies associated with teacher preparation to develop new, innovative programs to better prepare tomorrow's educator. This study recommends that new agricultural systems standards be developed to adequately prepare future beginning agricultural science teachers.
Day‐case anaesthesia for termination of pregnancy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary An investigation was undertaken to assess the use of a total intravenous anaesthetic technique offentanyl and methohexilonc for outpatient vaginal termination of pregnancy. When compared with a technique offentanyl, methohexitone, nitrous oxide and trichloroethylene the total intravenous method caused snifter recovery, minimal side‐effects and no cardiovascular depression. However, both anaesthetic techniques produced significant postoperative reduction of memory for new facts when compared with a control group receiving no general anaesthesia. There is a need to continue the search for anaesthetic methods appropriate for day cases.
Specific concentration of polynucleotide immune complexes in the cryoprecipitates of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although the association of cryoglobulinemia with hypocomplementemia and tissue injury in systemic lupus erythematosus is well recognized, composition of cryoprecipitates in terms of circulating antigens and antibodies in this disease is less clear. To clarify this question, cryoprecipitates from patients with SLE were examined with sensitive assay techniques for certain antipolynucleotide antibodies and DNA antigen. DNA antibodies were highly enriched relative to serum levels in the majority of cryoprecipitates. DNA antigen was also demonstrable. Antibody to ribonucleoprotein, although less frequently present, was similarly enriched in certain cryoprecipitates. In contrast, anti-double strand RNA, which was commonly detectable in relatively high titer in serum, was only minimally concentrated in a minority of cryoprecipitates. Absorption experiments using red blood cells heavily coated with polynucleotide antigen indicated that a major proportion of the IgG in certain cryoprecipitates was specific antibody. The data strongly suggest that the cryoprecipitates in systemic lupus erythematosus represent circulating immune complexes that are soluble at 37 degrees C and come out of solution in the cold. The marked concentration of immune complexes in the cryoglobulin offers a simple and direct method for determination of the nature of the complexes. The accumulated evidence obtained in the present study indicates that these complexes closely reflect, in their composition, the circulating immune complexes which are most significant pathogenetically in renal tissue injury.
Late Onset Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency Triggered by an Acute Increase in Protein Intake: A Review of 10 Cases Reported in the Literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

While the urea cycle disorders (UCDs) classically present in the neonatal stage, they have become increasingly recognized as a rare cause of unexplained hyperammonemic encephalopathy in adults. Many metabolic triggers for late-onset UCDs have been described in the literature including excessive protein intake. In this case series, ten such documented cases are reviewed with analysis of patient demographic, protein load, treatment course, and patient outcome. Common delays in treatment include recognition of hyperammonemia as the cause of encephalopathy and initiation of hemodialysis. In only one case was a diet history used to raise suspicion for a metabolic derangement. Metabolic disorders remain an important consideration in adults presenting with encephalopathy not explained by more common etiologies, and recent and remote dietary history may provide valuable information.
VETERINARY AND SANITARY ASSESSMENT OF COW MILK UNDER CONDITION OF FERROPEPTIDE’S INCLUSION IN THE FEEDING DIET

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

АННОТАЦИЯВ результате изучения ветеринарно-санитарного состояния молока и молочной продуктивности коров при использовании в рационе комплексного микроэлементного препарата ферропептид, было установлено, что включения препарата в рацион, не оказывает негативного влияния на здоровье животных
Forms and limits of therapeutic treatments of hereditary diseases in ancient Greece

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Not being epistemologically different from treatment of congenital diseases, the therapy of hereditary diseases has to be considered in its complex relationship with the concepts of nature and culture, and with the ideas of Greek authors about generation and education. As such, therapy of hereditary diseases can be described as the (often hopeless) attempt by the ancient, particularly Hippocratic physician to restore the health condition or to contrast the natural tendency of the patient to develop and give expression to his or her pathological inheritance. If for the Greek physician dietetics represents the most widely practised way of treating disaeses on a presumed inherited basis, the notion of therapy may be more generally applied to the various forms of eugenic measures and rules controlling and shaping the social and political life of Greek citizens according to the real and ideal political systems.