jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
LIQUID OXYGEN VAPORIZATION TECHNIQUES FOR SWIRLING-OXIDIZER-FLOW-TYPE HYBRID ROCKET ENGINES

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The authors have been developing a 1500 N-thrust, swirling-oxidizer-flow-type hybrid rocket engine. The oxygen to which swirl is applied should be in a gaseous state to increase the engine performance. Two methods were proposed to vaporize liquid oxygen (LOX): a regenerative-cooling LOX-vaporization nozzle and a LOX-vaporization burner. We fabricated a LOX-vaporization nozzle with 30 rectangular channels, each with a depth of 1.0 mm, and conducted burning experiments. The experiments showed that rapid ignition and stable combustion without combustion oscillation were achieved, and LOX increased in temperature and sufficiently vaporized while passing through the nozzle. There was no essential problem in vaporizing LOX with the nozzle. The feasibility of the LOX-vaporization burner using combustion of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) in LOX was examined from the viewpoint of thermal energy and a preliminary burning experiment was conducted. The burning amount of PMMA to vaporize the LOX propellant for a 1500-N-thrust, hybrid rocket engine was estimated to be at most 3% of the fuel propellant of the rocket. PMMA could burn steadily and safely in LOX and vaporize a large amount of it. The trade-off between the two methods suggested that the vaporization burner had the advantage of a compact and simple structure when compared with the LOX-vaporization nozzle.
Goellneriana deckerti gen. nov. & spec. nov. (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Phymatinae: Macrocephalini) from Namibia, with a review of the Afrotropical ambush bugs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Goellneriana deckerti gen. nov. & spec. nov. (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Phymatinae: Macrocephalini) from Namibia is described and illustrated. Keys to the tribes and to the Afrotropical genera and species of the subfamily Phymatinae are included, a checklist and a distribution map of the Afrotropical ambush bugs is added.
Measurement of δ‐Aminolevulinate Dehydratase Activity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Vertebrate ALAD is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the second step of porphyrin formation, and it is expressed abundantly in liver and erythroid tissues as well as in other tissues. This unit describes a colorimetric assay for measuring ALAD activity in mammalian blood or tissues and the extent of reactivation of the enzyme in lead‐inhibited samples.
Magnetic order induced by Fe doping in the intermediate valence system β-YbAlB4

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We have succeeded in doping Fe at the Al site in the intermediate valence and quantum critical material β-YbAlB4 up to 6%. Our measurements of the magnetization and the specific heat for β-YbAl0.94Fe0.06B4 show magnetic ordering at 10 K. The antiferromagnetic Weiss temperature of 88 K, which is smaller than the 110 K for β-YbAlB4, indicates that Fe doping suppresses the Kondo temperature and induces magnetism, driving the system away from the quantum critical point.
Business process re-engineering in a semiconductor manufacturing company

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) is neither simple nor intuitive. As many are discovering, re-engineering usually brings with it major problems and, often, failure. Therefore the intention of this thesis is to take a first step into gaining the knowledge about the concepts and methodology of BPR. The concept section highlights the impetus of reengineering, the key characteristics and definition of BPR. Whereas a structured BPR methodology, which involves, I- Get organizes, II - Process Diagnosis, III - Process Redesign, IV-Process Implementation is documented as a framework to be used to initiate BPR projects. In addition, change management explains the impacts of BPR on employees, management, process and IT as well as providing guidelines for a smoother transition to re-engineered processes. These concepts and methodology are then further illustrated with the presentation of three case studies, which are, I) re-engineering of basic data information flow, ii) re-engineering of WIPs (Work-in-Progress) tracking information process and iii) re-engineering of sales order process in a semiconductor manufacturing company. The aim of the case studies is to provide experience and guidance for organizations willing to initiate or continue reengineering projects. The analysis and comparison on the case studies highlights some key factors attributed to the success and continuation of BPR. Finally, the thesis concludes with lessons learned from BPR projects as well as recommendation for future work.
What Exactly is Antimatter (Gravitationally Speaking)?

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

There has been renewed interest in the idea of antigravity -- that matter and antimatter repel gravitationally - in lieu of the recent beautiful ALPHA-g result for the free-fall acceleration of antihydrogen of $a_{\bar{H}}=(0.75\pm 0.13~({\rm stat.+syst.})\pm 0.16~({\rm simulation}))g$. Precision tests of the Weak Equivalence Principle (WEP) have shown that binding energy (atomic, nuclear, and nucleonic) acts like matter under gravity. Whereas the contribution of atomic binding energy to the mass of antihydrogen is negligible, the majority of the mass of the antiproton comes from the gluonic binding energy. Hence, in terms of antigravity, the antiproton is mostly composed of matter and so even if the antimatter content of the antiproton is repelled by the Earth, there would still be a net attraction of the antihydrogen to the Earth because of its dominant matter content. Using recent Lattice QCD results showing that around two-thirds of the mass of the proton (and, hence, from the $CPT$ Invariance of QCD, of the antiproton) is due to gluons, I find that in the antigravity scenario the free-fall acceleration of antihydrogen would be $a_{\bar{H}}=(0.33^{+0.23}_{-0.11})g$. The fact that antinucleons are more matter than antimatter (in the gravitational sense) leads to quite different cosmological consequences than the naive antigravity scenario (where antistars are wholly antimatter). For example, it follows naturally that there is a matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe right from the instant of the Big Bang -- but not a baryon-antibaryon asymmetry. Again, this stems simply from the fact that antibaryons are more matter than antimatter.
Strophioblachins A–K, Structurally Intriguing Diterpenoids fromStrophioblachia fimbricalyxwith Potential Anticardiac Hypertrophic Inhibitory Activity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Three new rearranged diterpenoids, strophioblachins A-C (1-3), eight new diterpenoids, strophioblachins D-K (4-11), and seven previously described diterpenoids (12-18) were purified from the aerial parts of Strophioblachia fimbricalyx. Compounds 1 and 2 contain a rare 6/6/5/6 ring system, while 3 has an uncommon tricyclo[4.4.0.08,9]tridecane-bridged unit, and their diterpenoid skeletons are being reported for the first time. Utilizing spectroscopic and HRESIMS data analysis, the structures of the new compounds (1-11) were established, and ECD and 13C NMR calculations were used to confirm the relative and absolute configurations of 11 and 9. The absolute configurations of compounds 1, 3, and 10 were established using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The results of testing for anticardiac hypertrophic activity demonstrated that compounds 10 and 15 dose-dependently lowered the mRNA expression of Nppa and Nppb. Protein levels were confirmed by Western blotting, which also demonstrated that compounds 10 and 15 lowered the expression of the hypertrophic marker ANP. The cytotoxic activity against neonatal rat cardiomyocytes was assayed in vitro by the CCK-8 and ELISA methods, and the results showed that compounds 10 and 15 were only very weakly active in the range.
CONSTRUCTION OF THE FeSOD ANTI-OXIDATIVE STRESS GENE FOR THE GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF SOY

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Б а с р е д а к т о р НҰРҒОЖИН Талғат Сейітжанұлы, медицина ғылымдарының докторы, профессор, ҚР ҰҒА корреспондент мүшесі (Алматы, Қазақстан) H = 10 РЕДАКЦИЯ АЛҚАСЫ: БЕРСІМБАЕВ Рахметқажы Ескендірұлы (бас редактордың орынбасары), биология ғылымдарының докторы, профессор, ҚР ҰҒА академигі (Алматы,
Looming vulnerability and smoking cessation attempts

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Introduction: The looming vulnerability model holds that people become anxious when they perceive threats as growing larger and accelerating toward them in space and time. Preliminary research suggested that a guided imagery induction designed to activate a sense that health consequences of smoking are a looming threat led more smokers to attempt to quit. This study tested the effect on quit attempts in a larger sample and examined age, sex, and sensation seeking as moderators. Aims and Methods: Adult smokers (≥10 cigarettes/day) screened for risk of anxiety or mood disorders (N = 278, 52% male; 77% African American) were randomly assigned to receive (1) looming vulnerability or (2) neutral guided imagery exercises. At a 4-week follow-up, they reported quit attempts, smoking rate, self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, and contemplation status. Results: Those in the looming condition (17%) were no more likely than those in the control condition (20%) to make a quit attempt. There were no significant group differences in expectancies, contemplation, or follow-up smoking rate, and no significant moderators. Conclusions: The looming induction was the same one used in earlier work in which it had stronger effects. Those who respond to it with increased urgency about quitting smoking might be offset by others who are more reactant and deny the message. Inconsistencies across studies may reflect differences in inclusion criteria, such that the present sample was on average heavier smokers with longer smoking history and more severe nicotine dependence, yet higher self-efficacy. Implications: An induction designed to activate a sense that the health consequences of smoking constitute a looming vulnerability failed to increase quit attempts or reduce smoking rate among adult daily smokers. Inconsistencies across studies might reflect varying sample characteristics resulting from changes in screening criteria.
Clinical epidemiology of congenital heart disease in Nigerian children, 2012–2017

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) affect ~1% of newborns and are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children. We present the clinical epidemiology of CHD as seen in a large university medical center in Nigeria. Methods Participants were 767 children with echocardiographically confirmed CHD seen over a 5‐year period at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Results Clinical presentation was often late with just over half (58.1%) presenting in infancy. The male:female distribution was 1:1. The predominant types of cardiac lesion seen were septal defects (43%), conotruncal defects (23.7%), atrioventricular septal defects (9.8%), and right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (7.3%). Cyanotic CHD was seen in 28.4% of cases and the single most common cyanotic CHD was Tetralogy of Fallot (13.4%). Children with cyanotic CHD were older ( p = .002), had more severe lesions ( p < .0001) and were more likely to have cardiac intervention ( p < .0001). Extracardiac malformations were present in nearly one‐third of the children. Syndromes associated with CHD were identified in 15.5% of the children and included Down syndrome (11.9%), congenital rubella syndrome (1.0%), and Marfan syndrome (0.7%). Conclusions This study is a large case series of CHD from a single site in sub‐Saharan Africa utilizing clinical, epidemiological, and developmental considerations. It provides a rich and up‐to‐date description of the clinical epidemiology of CHD in Nigerian children while yielding data that could be useful for designing genetic, molecular, and biomarker studies.
Understanding stigma and coping strategies among HIV-negative Muslim wives in serodiscordant relationships in a Javanese community, Indonesia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Although advanced treatment and accessibility of HIV/AIDS prevention and care have been increased, HIV-related stigma persists in the Indonesian community, especially among HIV-negative Muslim wives in a serodiscordant relationship. Therefore, understanding their coping strategies of the stigma is a necessity. Objective: The study aimed to explore HIV-related stigma and coping strategies of HIV-negative Muslim wives in a serodiscordant relationship. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted among seven HIV-negative Muslim wives in a serodiscordant relationship who experienced stigma. Data were collected by in-depth interview, and content analysis was used for data analysis. Findings: Three themes emerged from the data. The first theme was the meaning of HIV/AIDS to Muslim wives, including perceiving HIV as a wanita nakal (immoral women) disease, perceiving HIV causes death, assuming herself as a carrier, and presuming HIV is less harmful than Diabetes Mellitus. The second theme was HIV-related stigma experiences, including being shunned by people, rejected by a midwife, and humiliated by a health worker. Finally, the third theme was coping strategies with the stigma, consisting of hiding the husband's HIV-positive status from the neighbors, disclosing HIV-positive status to a selective person, seeking support from the peer group, and strengthening the relationship among family members. Conclusion: HIV/AIDS-related stigma affected people living with HIV/AIDS and their families, and it becomes a barrier to HIV/AIDS reduction programs in the marriage relationship. These findings will be beneficial to nurses and other health professionals to develop stigma reduction interventions related to HIV/AIDS.
Vaccination and the Politics of Medical Knowledge in Nineteenth-Century Japan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

summary: The adoption of the cowpox vaccine in nineteenth-century Japan has often been seen as a more straightforward development than its introduction to other non-Western countries. However, the research leading to this conclusion has been based primarily on sources written by Japanese practitioners of Westernstyle medicine ( ranpō ), while the perspectives of Chinese-style ( kanpō ) practitioners, who were more numerous than ranpō practitioners but less likely to have shown immediate enthusiasm for vaccination, have been largely neglected. Kanpō doctors typically learned about vaccination from Chinese rather than European sources and often held an ambivalent attitude toward the vaccine’s foreign origins. This article develops an analysis of kanpō writings on vaccination and suggests that skepticism about the vaccine remained widespread for at least a decade after its initial arrival in Japan, providing new insights into both the initial opposition and the subsequent acceptance of the technique.
Sharing and Analyzing Data from Presence Experiments

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Presence research relies heavily on empirical experiments involving subjects in mediated environments. Since presence is a complex, multidimensional concept, experiments on presence can be extremely resource intensive and produce large amounts of data of different types. As the presence community matures, we would like to suggest that data collected in experiments be made publicly available to the community. This will allow the verification of experimental results, comparison of results of experiments carried out in different laboratories, and evaluation of new data-analysis methods. This will, eventually, lead to consistency in approaches and increased confidence in results. In this paper we present the complete dataset from a large-scale experiment that we have carried out in highly immersive virtual reality. We describe the data we have gathered and give examples of the types of analysis that can be made based on that data.
Supercritical fluid extraction of emulsions to nanoencapsulate liquid lipophilic bioactive compounds: process development and scale up

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A wide variety of products containing bioactive compounds have been designed to meet the fundamental needs of society in terms of beauty, health and well-being. Nevertheless, these products do not provide the expected health benefit, because of the low water solubility, low chemical or biochemical stability and the high reactivity of these bioactive compounds, reasons why they lose their biological functionality and bioavailability. Among the different strategies developed to overcome this challenge, biopolymer-based micro- and nanoparticles are the most promising systems to maintain the biological functionality and bioavailability of the bioactive compound and to provide its controlled release in its physiological site of action. A large number of processes exist for obtaining biopolymer-based micro- and nanoparticles. Nonetheless, companies seek rapid and environmentally-friendly production processes that obtain spherical nanoparticles with core-shell structure, controlled particle size distribution and high encapsulation efficiency, which guarantee the health effect. The increasing demand for new products and the drawbacks of the existing processes are causing a steady research for new technological possibilities...
Privatization and Deregulation: a Chronology of Events

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The saga of Iceland's largest banks begins with deregulation and privatization. Although it is incorrect to blame these two factors entirely for the subsequent collapse, the liberalization process of financial markets and capital market integration in the 1990s (which followed Iceland's membership of the EEA (European Economic Area)), created an environment where the Icelandic financial service industry could thrive and enjoy the fruits of its risk-taking and an adventurous business culture.
Effect of Finite Speed Diffusion and Relaxation During Simultaneous Reaction and Diffusion in a Finite Slab at Constant Wall Concentration

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The transient solution to the concentration profile during simultaneous diffusion, relaxation and reaction using Cattaneo and Vernotte non- Fick hyperbolic damped wave finite speed diffusion and relaxation equation is obtained by the method of separation of variables. The geometry considered is finite slab with width 2a subject to constant wall concentration. The result is given as a Fourier series with an augmented expression in the time domain. The Taitel paradox is obviated by examining the final steady state condition and expressing the state in mathematical terms. The Clausius inequality is preserved after solving for the final condition. A bifurcated solution results. For small width of the slab, a < π sqrt(Dτ)/(|1 – k*|, the transient concentration is subcritical damped oscillatory. An exact well bounded solution that is bifurcated depending on the width of the slab is provided. The exact solution is expressed as a sum of steady state and transient contributions. For a = π sqrt(Dτ)/(|1 – k*|, the parabolic Fick diffusion results remain.
Specific binding of estrogen receptor to the estrogen response element.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Gene transfer studies have shown that estrogen regulation of specific genes is mediated by estrogen response elements (ERE). We report that binding of the estrogen receptor to the ERE can be detected by a gel retardation (band shift) assay. This binding interaction was highly sequence and receptor specific. Methylation interference analysis showed that the ERE contact sites of estrogen receptor displayed a perfect twofold rotational symmetry. This is compatible with estrogen receptor binding to the ERE as a head-to-head dimer.
Axial Rotation Analysis in Total Ankle Arthroplasty Using Weight-Bearing Computer Tomography and Three-Dimensional Modeling

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Category: Ankle Arthritis; Other Introduction/Purpose: Post-operative alignment is the most critical indicator for a successful total ankle arthroplasty (TAA). Total ankle malrotation is associated with an increased risk for polyethylene wear and medial gutter pain. Currently, there is no consensus on the correct way to measure the alignment of the tibial and talar component rotations in the axial plane. In the current study, the post-operative analysis system was assessed using weight-bearing computer tomography and a three-dimensional (3D) model. The purpose of the study was to assess the inter-observer and intra-observer agreement of this system. Methods: Four angles were measured by two raters independently in two separate readings: posterior tibial component rotation angle (PTIRA), posterior talar component rotation angle (PTARA), tibia talar component axial angle (TTAM), and tibial component to the second metatarsal angle (TMRA). Agreement analysis was quantified according to the interclass coefficient Results: Sixty TAAs across 60 patients were evaluated. A good inter-observer agreement and intra-observer agreement when measuring the PTIRA, PTARA, and TTAM angles was observed along with an excellent inter-observer agreement and intra-observer agreement when measuring the TMRA angle. Conclusion: In conclusion, the current 3D model-based measurement system demonstrates good to excellent inter and intra-agreement. According to these results, 3D modelling can be reliably used to measure and assess the axial rotation of TAA components. Figure 3: Example case of how to measure the angles for assessing axial rotation of TAA and forefoot. 3 A) Posterior TIbial component Rotational Angle (PTIRA). The chosen slice is the one with the straightest posterior wall component of the tibia. The angle is measured on the following steps. First a reference is put on the posterior wall of the tibial component (blue horizontal line). Then the angle is measured starting from the center of the tibial axis (red dot explained on fig. 2), going to the fibular axis (medial part of the red line at the right of the draw), and finally ending 90° to the posterior reference line. 3 B) Posterior TAlar component Rotational Angle (PTARA). The chosen slice is the one with the straightest posterior wall component of the talus. For the angle measurement. The same steps as figure 3 A are followed with the talar component. 3 C) Talar component to 2nd Metatarsal Rotational Angle (TMRA): Defined as an intersection between a line parallel to the lateral border of the tibia component and a line perpendicular to the anatomical axis of the second metatarsal. This was measured using a 3D rendering tool